Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Multiuser Detection Techniques for DS-CDMA in the Light of IMT-2000/UMTS

Third generation mobile communication systems are currently being developed. The use of DS-CDMA in these systems leads to a multiple access interference limited system. Due to cross-correlation between the codes used for spreading the system performance is degraded. Multiuser detection techniques have been developed to limit the impact of this interference. In this paper an overview of Multiuser detection techniques is given. Interference cancellation receivers, such as decorrelator, MMSE receiver, parallel interference cancellation receiver and successive interference cancellation receiver are discussed. The importance of parameter estimation is stessed and the complexity of different multiuser detection schemes is analysed.
Effects of irradiation temperature on MOS radiation response

Effects of irradiation and annealing temperature on radiation-induced charge trapping are explored for MOS transistors. Transistors were irradiated with 10-keV x rays at temperatures from -25 to 100/spl deg/C and annealed at 100/spl deg/C for times up to 3.6/spl times/10/sup 6/ s. Transistor data were analyzed for the contributions of radiation-induced charge due to oxide traps, border traps, and interface traps. Increased irradiation temperature resulted in increased interface-trap and border-trap buildup and decreased oxide-trapped charge buildup during irradiation. Interface-trap buildup immediately following irradiation for transistors irradiated at 100/spl deg/C was equivalent to the buildup of interface traps in transistors irradiated at 27/spl deg/C and annealed for one week at 100/spl deg/C (standard rebound test). For the p-channel transistors, a one-to-one correlation was observed between the increase in interface-trap charge and the decrease in oxide-trapped charge during irradiation. This may imply a link between increased interface-trap buildup and the annealing of oxide-trapped charge in these devices. The observed data can be explained in terms of increased hydrogen ion transport rates to the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface during elevated temperature irradiations. These results have implications on hardness assurance testing and potentially may be used to reduce costs associated with rebound qualification.
A Genome-Wide Identification Study Reveals That HmoCYP76AD1, HmoDODAα1 and HmocDOPA5GT Involved in Betalain Biosynthesis in Hylocereus

Betalains are water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigments with multiple bioactivities. Pitayas are the only at large-scale commercially grown fruit containing abundant betalains for consumers. Currently, the key genes involved in betalain biosynthesis remain to be fully elucidated. Moreover, genome-wide analyses of these genes in betalain biosynthesis are not available in betalain-producing plant species. In this study, totally 53 genes related to betalain biosynthesis were identified from the genome data of Hylocereus undatus. Four candidate genes i.e., one cytochrome P-450 R gene (HmoCYP76AD1), two L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase genes (HmoDODAα1 and HmoDODAα2), and one cyclo-DOPA 5-O glucosyltransferase gene (HmocDOPA5GT) were initially screened according to bioinformatics and qRT-PCR analyses. Silencing HmoCYP76AD1, HmoDODAα1, HmoDODAα2 or HmocDOPA5GT resulted in loss of red pigment. HmoDODAα1 displayed a high level of L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity to produce betalamic acid and formed yellow betaxanthin. Co-expression of HmoCYP76AD1, HmoDODAα1 and HmocDOPA5GT in Nicotiana benthamiana and yeast resulted in high abundance of betalain pigments with a red color. These results suggested that HmoCYP76AD1, HmoDODAα1, and HmocDOPA5GT play key roles in betalain biosynthesis in Hylocereus. The results of the present study provide novel genes for molecular breeding programs of pitaya.
Hygroscopic swelling and sorption characteristics of epoxy molding compounds used in electronic packaging

Moisture induced swelling and sorption characteristics of four types of epoxy molding compounds used in the packaging of semiconductor devices were experimentally investigated. The hygroscopic strain with respect to moisture content was found to be linear except at the initial stages of desorption where anomalous trends were observed. The swelling coefficient values obtained from the "stable" swelling regions were found to range from 0.3 to 0.6 (%L/%M) at 85/spl deg/C for the four types of molding compounds tested. It was also found that the swelling coefficient increased with temperature for all four types of molding compounds tested. The significance impact of hygroscopic mismatch strain was investigated by comparing the strains induced due to mismatch of the coefficient of hygroscopic swelling and the coefficient of thermal expansion for each type of molding compound when attached to a copper lead frame. The hygroscopic and thermal mismatch strains were compared using the swelling coefficient and CTE values for each type of molding compound and adjacent material (i.e., copper lead frame). Hygroscopic mismatch strains were found to be highly significant relative to the thermal mismatch strains, and they should be accounted for in the reliability modeling of packages subjected to accelerated testing. The effect of hygroscopic mismatch strains is often ignored in the reliability tests and models. In this study it is found that the hygroscopic strains can be comparable to, if not higher than, thermal mismatch strains.
A review of thirty-five years of laser trimming with a look to the future

As devices and circuits become smaller and more complex, constant innovation is required from capital equipment suppliers. This is true in all of the ever-expanding applications of electronics including computers, telecommunications equipment, automobiles, and instruments. Lasers, usually focused down to micrometer-sized spots of energy, have become the fundamental tool for physically micromachining or exposing a wide variety of materials. Applications now range from printed circuit boards and hybrid circuits down to semiconductor devices. The following paper describes how computer-controlled work-cells based around the ubiquitous laser or laser systems, as they are called in the electronics industry, have changed the way all electronics products are manufactured.
Thermomagnetic residual offset in integrated Hall plates

Integrated Hall plates show self-induced offset due to the current flow in its current leads. The magnetic field surrounding the current leads causes a magnetic offset signal, while their resistive heating causes thermoelectric offset voltages. This paper reports experimental results on these two effects. They are obtained using a novel test structure enabling one to separate the two contributions.
Pilot Performance on New ATM Operations: Maintaining In-Trail Separation and Arrival Sequencing

Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) may enable new Air Traffic Management (ATM) operations. However, CDTI is not the only source of traffic information in the cockpit: ATM procedures may provide information, implicitly and explicitly, about other aircraft. An experiment investigates pilot ability to perform two new ATM operations - maintaining in-trail separation from another aircraft and sequencing into an arrival stream. In the experiment, pilots were provided different amounts of information from displays and procedures. The results are described.
WNN Model Based on Particle Swarm Optimization for Fault Diagnosis in Analog Circuit

In order to diagnose the fault in analog circuit correctly, a Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) method is proposed that uses the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the network parameters. For the improvement of convergence rate in WNN based on PSO algorithm, a compressing method in research space is introduced into the traditional PSO algorithm to improve the convergence in WNN training. The simulation shows that the proposed method has a good diagnosis with fast convergence rate for the fault in analog circuit.
Integrated Framework for Quantifying and Predicting Weather-Related Highway Construction Delays

Constant exposure to the environment makes highway construction highly dependent on weather. However, highway construction contracts are often unclear about the potential influence of weather-related delays on highway construction project schedules. There is a need to discourage litigation arising from weather-related delays by including in contracts a reasonable number of nonwork days as a consequence of adverse weather and providing an equitable criteria for the course of action when the predictions in the contracts turn out to be inaccurate. To address this need, an integrated framework consisting of the following two key components is proposed: (1) identification of attributes of weather that cause construction delays and (2) generation of synthetic weather sequences using a stochastic weather generator to quantify and provide probabilistic forecasts of weather threshold values. The utility of this framework is demonstrated through its application to construction work on a project in Texas. The use of probabilistic forecast of construction delay attributes provided by a semiparametric weather generator in this research is an example of interdisciplinary study to help address this problem. The result of the research is better decision support for agencies who wish to author contracts that more equitably allow for the influence of weather during construction.
Finite element simulation of stray currents on subway shield tunnel

Three-dimensional Finite element model and a circuit element model were simulated respectively in homogeneous soil media and stratified soil media by loading different currents of railway. Simulation results show that the potential attenuation is nonlinear from the subway tunnel to the surrounding underground environment and along far away rail loading current of direction; With the loading current increasing, the potential of surrounding media advanced, to increase the resistance of the ragion near the subway railway can reduce the effect scope of the stray current. Compared to the traditional model of circuit elements, the three-dimensional finite element model can calculate the potential value of each position on the running rails and surrounding, resulting in stray current sphere of influence.
Static and Dynamic Performance Evaluation of >13 kV SiC-ETO and its Application as a Solid-State Circuit Breaker

This study addresses the transient and steady-state performance of a >13 kV SiC ETO as a Solid-State Circuit Breaker (SSCB). The developed SiC-ETO is based on a 1 cm2, 15 kV SiC p-GTO with an extremely low differential resistance. Static performance of the device, including the on-state voltage drop at different temperatures and different currents has been carried out in this paper. Furthermore, transient performance of the device, including the turn off energy of the device has been studied. Also, the superior performance of the p-type SiC-ETO has been exploited to design and implement a solid-state circuit breaker. The studies verify the superiority of the SiC p-ETO compared to other solid state devices for this application.
Global Structure of the Intrinsically Disordered Protein Tau Emerges from Its Local Structure

The paradigmatic disordered protein tau plays an important role in neuronal function and neurodegenerative diseases. To disentangle the factors controlling the balance between functional and disease-associated conformational states, we build a structural ensemble of the tau K18 fragment containing the four pseudorepeat domains involved in both microtubule binding and amyloid fibril formation. We assemble 129-residue-long tau K18 chains at atomic resolution from an extensive fragment library constructed with molecular dynamics simulations. We introduce a reweighted hierarchical chain growth (RHCG) algorithm that integrates experimental data reporting on the local structure into the assembly process in a systematic manner. By combining Bayesian ensemble refinement with importance sampling, we obtain well-defined ensembles and overcome the problem of exponentially varying weights in the integrative modeling of long-chain polymeric molecules. The resulting tau K18 ensembles capture nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift and J-coupling measurements. Without further fitting, we achieve excellent agreement with measurements of NMR residual dipolar couplings. The good agreement with experimental measures of global structures such as singlemolecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiencies is improved further by ensemble refinement. By comparing wild-type and mutant ensembles, we show that pathogenic single-point P301 mutations shift the population from the turn-like conformations of the functional microtubule-bound state to the extended conformations of disease-associated tau fibrils. RHCG thus provides us with an atomically resolved view of the population equilibrium between functional and aggregation-prone states of tau K18, and demonstrates that global structural characteristics of this intrinsically disordered protein emerge from its local structure.
The Delayed Decrease of Seismicity In The Eastern Margin of The Japan Sea Due To The Megathrust Event In 2011 Along The Japan Trench

In the eastern margin of the Japan Sea, off the west coast of Tohoku district, the seismicity increased right after the M9 megathrust event off the east coast of the Tohoku district on March 11, 2011. Four months later, the seismicity decreased to the half level of that before the M9 event. Such quantitative study was done by the point-process model selection with AIC. The decrease lasted for eight years until an M6.7 event occurred within the area in 2019. When we compare the seismicity change between before and after the M9 event, with the post seismic change of the maximum shear stress obtained by the viscoelastic simulation for a thousand years after the M9 event, we can estimate a loading rate of the shear stress in the area before the M9 as 24 kPa/y. For the term after the M9 event, the rate is a half of it; 12 kPa/y. When we assume the whole dilatation change due to the M9 event had been canceled by the time of the M6.7, the increasing rate of the mean stress after the M9 event is 21 kPa/y at most. When we will be able to use JMA catalog for 2020 or later years, we can obtain the seismicity level after the M6.7 quantitatively, and we will be able to narrow down this estimation.
The Effect of Internal Control on the Financial Performance of the North Gorontalo Regency Government

This study aims to determine and describe whether there is an influence of internal supervision on the financial performance of the North Gorontalo Regency Government. Design/Methodology/Approach: The sample involved 84 respondents of local government officials from the planning division, and those in charge of activities at all regional organizations in North Gorontalo District-Indonesia. This study used an explanatory method with a quantitative approach. Furthermore, the reflective model measurement used convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was used as the data analysis. The results showed that Internal Control had a positive but not significant effect on the Government's Financial Performance of North Gorontalo Regency. The results of data analysis explain that the higher the Internal Control carried out by APIP, the significant value of the influence of the North Gorontalo Regency Government's Financial Performance, on the contrary, the lower the Internal Control carried out by APIP, the lower the significant value of the influence of the North Gorontalo Regency Government's budget performance. The supervision in question is the supervision carried out internally by the local government by the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP), and is directly responsible to the regional head of the Regent/Deputy Regent. In carrying out its functions, APIP conducts independent assessments within the organizational unit based on the relevant authority, with the aim of knowing the entire process of activities starting from planning, implementation, programs and activities, until the evaluation of audit reviews, monitoring, and other supervisory activities on the implementation of tasks. and organizational functions.
Translation and Adaptation of the Spanish Version of the International Trauma Questionnaire Child and Adolescent (ITQ-CA) following ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests

The aim of this report is to present each of the stages taken to adapt the International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent to Spanish.Each stage has been carried out rigorously, following the ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second Edition, 2017) published by the ITC (International Test Commission, 2018). This guide sets out a series of procedures and standards of good practice to be followed in order to comply with both legal and ethical principles and the standards of good practice established in relation to the use of tests in research.The Spanish adaptation of the ITQ has been carried out by different members of the Believe Project. The Believe Project was created by the Pnínsula Research Group (CTS-581), which is located in The Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre at the University of Granada (Spain). Thisproject centres on psychological and neuropsychological impairments acquired by female victims of intimate partner violence and their children. A high percentage of women and children may be suffering intimate partner violence-related PTSD and/or Complex PTSD as result of direct or indirect victimization.In order to assess Complex PTSD in the Believe Project, our research group seeks to translate a specific measure for Complex PTSD for children and adolescents, as we have previously done for adults.
Response Surface Methodology-based approach to Electrochemical Deburring (ECD) of SS304 stainless steel workpiece

Deburring operations with high efficiency and full automation of the conventional burr removal methods are extremely difficult. A promising solution is provided by Electrochemical Deburring (ECD). Successful utilisation of ECD, in present day manufacturing, demands extensive research for economical manufacturing of engineering products. In the present research, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used to develop predictive models by studying the influence of main process parameters of ECD process of SS304 stainless steel workpiece on various deburring characteristics. High values for coefficient of determination, obtained through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), ensure satisfactory fit of the developed models to the experimental data.
Therapeutic Effect of Biejiaxiaozheng Pills on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats through the NF-κB/Nrf2 Pathway

Aims To explore the effects of Biejiaxiaozheng pills on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats through the NF-κB/Nrf2 pathway and to explore the possible antifibrotic mechanisms of the drug. Material and Method. A rat model of hepatic fibrosis was established via CCl4 induction. Liver function and antioxidant indices were detected using commercial kits. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were used to detect pathological changes in hepatic tissues. ELISA was used to measure plasma TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6 levels. RT-PCR was used to measure changes in TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6 levels in hepatic tissues. Changes in p65, P-p65, Nrf2, and HO-1 protein expression were detected using western blotting. Results In rats with hepatic fibrosis, Biejiaxiaozheng pills effectively improved liver function, alleviated fibrosis in hepatic tissues, and significantly reduced collagen accumulation. The pills significantly downregulated inflammatory cytokine expression in hepatic tissues by suppressing p65 phosphorylation and reduced plasma inflammatory cytokine levels to some extent. The pills upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in hepatic tissues, enhanced antioxidant potential, and upregulated plasma antioxidant levels. Conclusion Biejiaxiaozheng pills improved hepatic fibrosis symptoms and lesions in rats, likely by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and promoting the Nrf2 pathway.
Risk-based prediction model for selecting eligible population for lung cancer screening among ever smokers in Korea

Background This study developed a new lung cancer risk prediction model for the Korean population and evaluated the performance, compared to the previously reported risk models developed in Western countries. Methods Among the 6,811,893 people who received health examinations from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, 969,351 ever-smokers (40–79 years) were included. Performance of Bach, Lung Cancer Risk Models for Screening, PLCOM2012, Pittsburgh, and Liverpool Lung Project models were evaluated. The ever-smokers were divided into the training and validation datasets by random sampling. The lung cancer risk model was developed and validated in the Korean population. The efficiency of model-based selection for lung cancer screening was compared with the eligible criteria of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). Results The Korean lung cancer risk model showed the area under the curve and expected/observed (E/O) ratio of 0.816 and 0.983 in the training dataset and 0.816 and 0.988 in the validation dataset. The Korean lung cancer risk model included age-mean of age, square of age-mean of age, sex, square root of pack-years of smoking, years since cessation, physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and medical history of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, emphysema, pneumoconiosis, and interstitial pulmonary disease. Compared with the NLST criteria, the Korean lung cancer risk model’s cut-off criteria (>2.1%) had more improved sensitivity (61.4% vs. 44.3%) and positive predictive value (4.1% vs. 2.9%). The Korean lung cancer risk model showed better discrimination and calibration than previously developed models in Western population. Conclusions The Korean lung cancer risk model can select eligible population for low-dose computed tomography screening among the Asian population. The efficiency of risk model-based selection for lung cancer screening is superior to that of fixed criteria-based selection.
TEST METHODS FOR BASIC PROPERTIES OF WOOD- BASE PANELS: PAST EXPERIENCE, TODAY'S NEEDS

used inconstruction. This paper compares various D 1037 test methods with similar American SociAs originally published, American Society for ety for Testing and Materials construction Testing and Materials ASTM Standard D 1037 plywood tests. It discusses the need for a flexural contained small-specimen tests for fiber-based creep test. It also discusses and presents possible panels. By 1960 the scope ofD 1037 had been ex- alternatives for some D 1037 tests which are not panded to cover particleboard also. These small- appropriate forwood-baseconstruction panels for specimen tests are appropriate for fiber-based reasons other than specimen size. panels and conventional particleboard. Larger specimentestsarenecessary for panels made from