Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GRB 120521C AT z ∼ 6 AND THE PROPERTIES OF HIGH-REDSHIFT γ-RAY BURSTS

We present optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of the afterglow of GRB 120521C. By modeling the multi-wavelength data set, we derive a photometric redshift of z ≈ 6.0, which we confirm with a low signal-to-noise ratio spectrum of the afterglow. We find that a model with a constant-density environment provides a good fit to the afterglow data, with an inferred density of n ≲ 0.05 cm−3. The radio observations reveal the presence of a jet break at tjet ≈ 7 d, corresponding to a jet opening angle of θjet ≈ 3°. The beaming-corrected γ-ray and kinetic energies are Eγ ≈ EK ≈ 3 × 1050 erg. We quantify the uncertainties in our results using a detailed Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis, which allows us to uncover degeneracies between the physical parameters of the explosion. To compare GRB 120521C to other high-redshift bursts in a uniform manner we re-fit all available afterglow data for the two other bursts at z ≳ 6 with radio detections (GRBs 050904 and 090423). We find a jet break at tjet ≈ 15 d for GRB 090423, in contrast to previous work. Based on these three events, we find that γ-ray bursts (GRBs) at z ≳ 6 appear to explode in constant-density environments, and exhibit a wide range of energies and densities that span the range inferred for lower redshift bursts. On the other hand, we find a hint for narrower jets in the z ≳ 6 bursts, potentially indicating a larger true event rate at these redshifts. Overall, our results indicate that long GRBs share a common progenitor population at least to z ∼ 8.
STARSPOT JITTER IN PHOTOMETRY, ASTROMETRY, AND RADIAL VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS

Analytical relations are derived for the amplitude of astrometric, photometric, and radial velocity (RV) perturbations caused by a single rotating spot. The relative power of the starspot jitter is estimated and compared with the available data for κ1 Ceti and HD 166435, as well as with numerical simulations for κ1 Ceti and the Sun. A Sun-like star inclined at i = 90° at 10 pc is predicted to have an rms jitter of 0.087 μas in its astrometric position along the equator, and 0.38 m s−1 in radial velocities. If the presence of spots due to stellar activity is the ultimate limiting factor for planet detection, the sensitivity of SIM Lite to Earth-like planets in habitable zones is about an order of magnitude higher than the sensitivity of prospective ultra-precise RV observations of nearby stars.
Doorwerking van BBI.: Evaluatie van een veranderingsbeweging bij de Nederlandse gemeenten

Dit boek bevat een evaluatie van BBI. Het is het verhaal van een veranderingsbeweging die zich bij de Nededandse gemeenten heeft voltrokken, met name in de jaren tachtig en negentig van de vorige eeuw. Daarbij was een hoofdrol weggelegd voor de - door de gezamenlijke gemeenten opgerichte - Stichting BBI. Deze projectorganisatie bestond van 1989 tot en met 1995. Zij beoogde het 'beleids- en beheersinstrumentarium' van gemeenten te verbeteren. Zie: Samenvatting
Development and Results of an Instrument to Search for Competences and Abilities in Information Technology

This article presents an analysis of the selection process of students from both private and public high schools in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (Northeast of Brazil), in order to form the first group of the Information Technology technical course of the Metropole Digital project at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The selection instrument consists of a written exam built on the basis of a set of matrices that depict relevant competences and abilities expected from the students. Data concerning the profile of distribution of performance per exam question are presented, together with empirical evidences of the effectiveness of the proposed competence matrices in the selection process. The correlation very fied among the matrices compounding the instrument and scores in courses, and the instrument as a wholeand scores in courses is moderate to strong (rS = 0.6 and rS = 0.7; p < 0,05). The association between the criterion variables (Average of Performance in the Basic Moduleof courses) and the explicative variables (Total score in the selection instrument (QTot) and each of the five compounding matrices) is moderate (rS=0.51, p = 0.001), and the matrices and QTot are jointly responsible for 25% of the variance of the performance in the basic module. The regression coefficient for matrix 1 is 1.38 (CI of 95% = 1.07-1.68); for matrix 2 it was 0.65 (CI of 95% = 036-0.95); for matrix 3, 1.2 (CI of 95% = 0.92 - 1,55); matrix 4 0,76 (CI of 95% = 0.45-1.06); matrix 5 1.08 (CI of 95% = 0.78-1.39). The effects of student-descriptive independent variables on performance in the exam are also presented and discussed, and predictive relationships between performance in the exam and performance in the disciplines of the course are verified. Data collected allow concluding that the instrument of selection proposed fits well the aim of forming a group of students to undertake a technical course in the area of information technology.
MARYLAND SYNOPTIC STREAM CHEMISTRY SURVEY: A COMPARISON OF STREAM CHEMISTRY BETWEEN ROUND 1 (1987) AND ROUND 2 (2012)

ix 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 2 METHODS.5 3 RESULTS . 9 3.1 COMPARISON OF MEAN VALUES BETWEEN ROUND 1 AND ROUND 2 . 11 3.1. 1 Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC). 11 3.1. 2 pH . 18 3.1. 3 Conductivity.23 3.1. 4 Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC). 28 3.1. 5 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) . 33 3.2 COMPARISON OF THE % STREAM MILES IN EACH ANC CATEGORY IN ROUND 1 AND ROUND 2.40 3.2. 1 Overall Findings for Change in %Stream Miles in ANC Categories.40 4 DISCUSSION.46 5 REFERENCES.50
Comparison of Algorithms for Audio Fingerprinting

At the NWU, and is funded by the HTBO THRIP project Abstract-The practical implementation and application of audio fingerprinting to recognize specific audio segments are becoming more and more popular these days. Different research groups are working on implementations of audio fingerprinting, but they seldom, compare their algorithms to those of other people working in the field. A fair judgment can therefore not be made of which of the available algorithms is suitable for certain applications. In this paper, two audio fingerprinting algorithms are tested that of Avery Wang’s and Haitsma and Kalker’s in terms of accuracy, speed, versatility and scalability
An Introduction to the Safety Standard IEC 615081

The development of a generic international standard on achieving safety of systems based on programmable electronics has been in train for several years. A draft, published in 1995 and referred to as 'IEC 1508', presented the principles embodied in the document, with the result that they began to be influential in sector-specific standards and on the way of thinking about safety. Now IEC 61508, published in 1998, appears to be close to the final document. This paper explains the standard, what it sets out to achieve, and the principles on which it is based.
A Note On Dual Models Of Interval DEA and Its Extension To Interval Data

In this article, we investigate the measurement of performance in DMUs in which input and/or output values are given as imprecise data. By imprecise data, we mean that in some cases, we only know that the actual values are inside certain intervals, and in other cases, data are specified only as ordinal preference information. In this article, we present two distinct perspectives for determining the upper and lower bounds of the efficiency the DMU under evaluation can have with imprecise data: (1) The optimistic perspective, which uses DEA-efficient production frontier, and seeks the best score among various values of the efficiency score; the measured efficiency in this perspective is called the best relative efficiency or the optimistic efficiency. (2) The pessimistic perspective, which uses inefficiency frontier, also called input frontier, and seeks the lowest score among various values of the efficiency score; the measured efficiency in this perspective is called the worst relative efficiency or the pessimistic efficiency. For this reason and contrary to some DEA-related studies, we do not restrict our attention only to precise data. We will investigate a more general case of dealing with imprecise data, providing a method for obtaining the upper and lower bounds of efficiency. Two numerical examples will be presented to illustrate the application of the proposed DEA approach. ‎‎
Analysis of Biologically-- Inspired Marine Propulsors

In the present work, the design and testing of two propulsion mechanisms which emulate fi sh swimming are presented. The motivation comes from the high effi ciency and maneuverality that fi sh demonstrate over conventional rotary propellers. In order to know the fl uid fl ow pattern in detail, a 3D CFD model was developed. Details of the velocity and pressure fi elds were obtained, as well as the hydrodynamic forces, cruising velocity, power and effi ciency. The results obtained using this CFD model were validated with the experimental prototypes, obtaining a reasonable agreement. Once validated, the CFD model was used to analyze several confi gurations of the propelling fi n, obtaining that thunniform swimming mode is the most effi cient.
Addressing climate information needs at the regional level: the CORDEX framework

The need for climate change information at the regional-to-local scale is one of the central issues within the global change debate. Such information is necessary in order to assess the impacts of climate change on human and natural systems and to develop suitable adaptation and mitigation strategies at the national level. The end-user and policy-making communities have long sought reliable regionaland local-scale projections to provide a solid basis for guiding response options.
Effiziente und optimierte Darstellungen von Informationen auf Grafikanzeigen im Fahrzeug: Situationsadaptive Bildaufbereitungsalgorithmen und intelligente Backlightkonzepte

Inhalte fur Displays werden fur relativ dunkle Umgebungslichtbedingungen (0.5-500lx) optimiert. Unsere Wahrnehmung dieser Inhalte ist im Automobil durch die wechselnden Lichtbedingungen (0.5-100klx) starken Variationen unterworfen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es durch intelligente Steuerung der Displayhelligkeit, Modifizierung der dargestellten Inhalte und Optimierung der Hinterleuchtungstechnik die darzustellenden Inhalte dynamisch in Echtzeit optimal an die visuelle Wahrnehmung anzupassen.
Instrument Science and Technology Vol 2

Barry E Jones (ed) 1983 Bristol: Adam Hilger x + 148 pp price £7.95 (paperback) (IOP members' price £6.36) ISBN 0 85274 7535 This excellent book is that rarity, a collection of papers (in this case all from the Journal of Physics E) which makes up a coherent, readable and valuable volume in its own right. The companion Volume 1, equally useful, comprised 13 articles written on topics which are fundamental to all scientific instruments.
Suppression of PACT-induced type I interferon production by 1 herpes simplex virus type 1 Us 11 protein 2 3

* To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Biochemistry, The 20 University of Hong Kong, 3/F Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Phone: +852-2819-2812; Fax: +852-285522 1254; E-mail: dyjin@hku.hk and khkok@hku.hk. 23 JVI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 25 September 2013 J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.02564-13 Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Nanopores Structure in Electrospun Bacterial Cellulose

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has established to be a remarkably versatile biomaterial and can be used in wide variety of applied scientific endeavours, especially for medical devices, lately, bacterial cellulose mats are used in the treatment of skin conditions such as burns and ulcers, because of the morphology of fibrous biopolymers serving as a support for cell proliferation, its pores allow gas exchange between the organism and the environment. Moreover, the nanostructure and morphological similarities with collagen make BC attractive for cell immobilization and cell support. In this work, we obtain first electrospun bacterial cellulose mats after chemical treatment and without conductive additives. With DMA/LiClmechanism dissolution, modified bacterial cellulose was easily electrospun in chloroform/acetone solvents in comparison with BC unmodified. FTIR peaks results are consistent with proposed interactions between cellulose and DMA/LiCl solvent system.
Tropical tropospheric ozone columns from nadir retrievals of GOME-1/ERS-2, SCIAMACHY/Envisat, and GOME-2/MetOp-A (1996–2012)

Abstract. Tropical tropospheric ozone columns are retrieved with the convective cloud differential (CCD) technique using total ozone columns and cloud parameters from different European satellite instruments. Monthly-mean tropospheric column amounts [DU] are calculated by subtracting the above-cloud ozone column from the total column. A CCD algorithm (CCD_IUP) has been developed as part of the verification algorithm developed for TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on Sentinel 5-precursor (S5p) mission, which was applied to GOME/ERS-2 (1995–2003), SCIAMACHY/Envisat (2002–2012), and GOME-2/MetOp-A (2007–2012) measurements. Thus a unique long-term record of monthly-mean tropical tropospheric ozone columns (20° S–20° N) from 1996 to 2012 is now available. An uncertainty estimation has been performed, resulting in a tropospheric ozone column uncertainty less than 2 DU (
CBESS Discussion Paper 1005 On the Beliefs off the Path : Equilibrium Refinement due to Quantal Response and Level-k by

This paper studies the relevance of equilibrium and nonequilibrium explanations of behavior, with respects to equilibrium refinement, as players gain experience. We investigate this experimentally using an incomplete information sequential move game with heterogeneous preferences and multiple perfect equilibria. Only the limit point of quantal response (the limiting logit equilibrium), and alternatively that of level-k reasoning (extensive form rationalizability), restricts beliefs off the equilibrium path. Both concepts converge to the same unique equilibrium, but the predictions differ prior to convergence. We show that with experience of repeated play in relatively constant environments, subjects approach equilibrium via the quantal response learning path. With experience spanning also across relatively novel environments, though, level-k reasoning tends to dominate. JEL classification codes C72, C91, D62
Que sucedió con las disparidades económicas regionales en Colombia entre 1980 y el 2000

El presente documento estudia las disparidades economicas regionales en Colombia. Para ello se calculan cinco medidas a partir de los datos de Producto Interno Bruto, PIB, per-capita departamental y se comparan con las de otros paises. Sobre la misma variable se hace un analisis de dependencia espacial en las regiones colombianas. Los principales resultados son: Primero, el PIB per-capita de los departamentos mas pobres estaba en 1980 alrededor del 45% del de Colombia, en el ano 2000 esa proporcion aun era la misma; segundo, las diferentes medidas de disparidad, en su mayoria, muestran un aumento de las disparidades en la decada de 1990; tercero, se encuentra evidencia sobre la existencia de convergencia de los niveles de ingreso en la decada de 1980, pero no en la decada de 1990, en la que las disparidades han aumentado considerablemente ante la ausencia de una politica regional explicita y clara; cuarto, se concluye que el PIB per-capita departamental no muestra patrones de dependencia espacial de ningun tipo, por lo que se puede afirmar que la riqueza o pobreza esta aleatoriamente distribuida en la geografia nacional. Por ultimo, se muestra que las disparidades que presenta Colombia no son particularmente altas si se comparan con las de otros paises.
ON THE CALCULATION OF MUTUAL INFORMATION

Abstract : Calculating the amount of information about a random function contained in another random function has important uses in communication theory. An expression for the mutual information for continuous time random processes has been given by Gelfand and Yaglom, Chiang, and Perez by generalizing Shannon's result in a natural way. Under a condition of absolute continuity of measures the continuous time expression has the same form as Shannon's result. For two Gaussian processes Gelfand and Yaglom express the mutual information in terms of a mean square estimation error. We generalize this result to diffusion processes and express the solution in a different form which is more naturally related to a corresponding filtering problem. We also use these results to calculate some information rates.
Measurement of tissue optical properties

Knowledge of the optical properties is in medicine very important for modeling of light propagation in tissue, diagnosis and therapeutical methods. The aim of a theoretical part is understanding of tissue optics and different approaches for determining optical properties in a turbid medium such as tissue. In experimental part we are designing a new method for determining optical properties absorption coefficient μa and reduced scattering coefficient μ ′ s. This method represents a fast, non-invasive and device minimalistic approach of measurement in small volumes. We focus on spatially resolved measurement of diffuse reflectance and using an empirical model.
EVALUASI KINERJA MENGAJAR GURU KELAS V BERSERTIFIKASI DI DAERAH BINAAN 2 KECAMATAN PARAKAN

This research has three main objectives : (1) to evaluate the teachers in planning the lesson; (2) to evaluate the teachers in class; (2) to evaluate the teachers in grading the study’s result. This research conducted in Target areas 2 Districts Parakan in second semester of 2014/2015 which subject is the certified teachers in nine elementary schools in Parakan. This research is an evaluated research based on mix method. The data was gained by observation, interview, document, and survey. The result showed that 88.89% certified teachers in Parakan had a good record in teaching and 11.11% were in a very good phase even in the planning, teaching, or the evaluating. Though there are some aspect that need to be fixed such as : (1) planning the chosen study’s medium and source (2) implementing the ICT (3) conducting contextual lesson; (3) the selection ofmethod; and (4) the questions to evaluate the study.
Semantic interference in language production and comprehension: Same or separable loci?

Semantic Interference in Language Production and Comprehension: Same or Separable Loci? by Denise Y. Harvey The ability to speak and understand language is consciously a fast and easy process. However, the language system can err, either in normal processes or as a result of neural damage following stroke. Often, in both production and comprehension, errors are semantically related to the intended word, such as saying or understanding “cat” when the intended meaning is “dog”. This semantic interference (SI) effect suggests that the processing stages involved in language production and comprehension overlap to some extent. However, because language production and comprehension are usually investigated separately, this has led to different conclusions about how SI arises in each language modality. By most accounts, SI in production occurs at the lexical-semantic level, whereas SI in comprehension arises within the semantic system itself. In this dissertation, I distinguish between SI in production and comprehension by examining how (cognitive mechanisms) and where (neural loci) SI arises during picture naming and word-picture matching tasks that elicit SI by manipulating the semantic context with which target items appear. Aim I of my dissertation directly compared the behavioral characteristics of SI in healthy participants’ production and comprehension performance in order to elucidate the level and cognitive mechanism by which SI arises in each language modality. Aim II explored patients’ susceptibility to SI as it related to cortical gray matter and subcortical
Is there a trade-off between academic research and faculty entrepreneurship? Evidence from US NIH supported biomedical researchers

Is there a trade-off of scholarly research productivity when faculty members found or join for-profit firms? This paper offers an empirical examination of this question for a subpopulation of biomedical academic scientists who received research funding from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). In this study, we are able to distinguish between permanent versus temporary employment transitions by entrepreneurial faculty members and examine how their journal article publication rates change using individual-level panel data. We find that the biomedical scientists who eventually choose to found or join a for-profit firm were more productive during their careers in academe than a randomly selected control group of their NIH peers. When they pursue entrepreneurship in the private sector, however, their scholarly productivity falls. Those entrepreneurial faculty members who return to academe are not as productive as they were before their entrepreneurial experience in terms of journal publications.
Microbial succession in naturally fermented sliced carrots

Natural fermentation of shredded carrots using two types of carrots (red and crimson coloured) was carried out with 3% salt and 4% mustard powder. The viable number of microorganisms was determined at various time intervals on four different types of media viz. De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS), Nutrient agar, Yeast extract peptone dextrose agar (YEPDA) and Acetobacter medium. The viable number of cells initially increased on four media and then came to steady state. Some Pseudomonas and Bacillus types of microorganism appeared at the beginning of fermentation. However, these microorganisms did not multiply and survive later on. In crimson coloured carrot, some yeast colonies were also observed but these could not be detected later on. As the fermentation of carrots in brine preceded the amount of total sugars (160µg/ml and 200µg/ml) and reducing sugars (90µg/ml and 96µg/ml) first increased in red and crimson coloured carrots at 3 rd day and then decreased. The maximum development of 0.03 to 0.9% of total acidity and pH of brine dropped from 6.97 to 3.2 after 15 days of fermentation. From the cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics it was found that three different types of lactic acid bacteria viz. Lactobacillus species, Leuconostoc species and Pediococcus species were present during fermentation. However, fermentation was conducted by heterofermenter Leuconostoc species only as is evident from the production of alcohol and volatile acids. Volatile acids were also produced by the action of Gluconobacter species after 4 th day of fermentation. It was concluded that the fermentation of red and crimson coloured carrots is mainly the function of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc dextronicum, since these microorganisms were present and proliferated throughout the fermentation.
Implementation of Dual Resolution Simulation Methodology in LAMMPS

The ELBA force-feld is an ELectrostatics-BAsed coarse-grained (CG) model developed by the Essex group for Molecular Dynamics simulations of lipid membrane systems. In the model, groups of atoms such as water molecules or choline, phosphate and glycerol regions of a phospholipid are represented as spherical beads, which may be charged and/or dipolar (see Figure 1). As well as the electrostatic interactions of the the beads, bonds may be defned, represented by harmonic bond and bond-angle potentials, and dispersion interactions are captured by a shifted-force Lennard-Jones potential. By aggregating several (typically 3-10) atoms into a single bead computational speedups of up to 200x may be obtained over all-atom simulations, while correctly predicting structural and dynamic properties [1].