Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Substances for reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins: a review

The global occurrence of mycotoxins is considered to be a major risk factor for human and animal health. Contamination of different agricultural commodities with mycotoxins still occurs despite the most strenuous prevention efforts. As a result, mycotoxin contaminated feed can cause serious disorders and diseases in farm animals. A number of approaches, such as physical and chemical detoxification procedures, have been used to counteract mycotoxins. However, only a few of them have practical application. A recent and promising approach to protect animals against the harmful effects of mycotoxin contaminated feed is the use of substances for reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins. These substances, so-called mycotoxin binders (MB), are added to the diet in order to reduce the absorption of mycotoxins from the gastrointestinal tract and their distribution to blood and target organs, thus preventing or reducing mycotoxicosis in livestock. Recently, the use of such substances as technological feed additives has been officially allowed in the European Union. The efficacy of MB appears to depend on the properties of both the binder and the mycotoxin. Depending on their mode of action, these feed additives may act either by binding mycotoxins to their surface (adsorption), or by degrading or transforming them into less toxic metabolites (biotransformation). Biotransformation can be achieved by mycotoxin-degrading enzymes or by microorganisms producing such enzymes. Various inorganic adsorbents, such as hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, zeolites, bentonites, clays, and activated carbons, have been tested and used as MB. An interesting alternative to inorganic adsorbents for the detoxification of mycotoxins is the use of organic binders, such as yeast cell wall components, synthetic polymers (cholestyramine, polyvinylpyrrolidone), humic substances and dietary fibres. This paper gives an overview of the current knowledge and situation in the field of MB. The most important types of MB, mechanism of their action, and their application as a part of general strategy to counteract mycotoxins are described in this review. Recent advances in the use and study of MB, as well as data of their in vitro and in vivo effectiveness are given. Problems, potential, current trends and perspectives associated with the use of MB are discussed as well in the review.
Optimal Rate-Diverse Wireless Network Coding Over Parallel Subchannels

This paper derives the maximum achievable sum-rate and presents the optimal encoding/decoding framework for rate-diverse wireless network coding (RD-WNC) over broadband channels consisting of multiple parallel subchannels. RD-WNC applies to a communication scenario in which a base station wants to deliver two different messages with different rates to two users. The base station combines the two separate messages into one network-coded message and broadcasts the network-coded message to both users. Each user then extracts its desired message from the network-coded message by subtracting from it the other message, which we assume to be side information available to the user. Deriving the maximum achievable sum-rate for RD-WNC is challenging when the channel consists of multiple parallel subchannels with different channel coefficients (e.g., the subcarrier channels of OFDM systems), since apart from the rate allocation between the two users, optimal power allocation among multiple subchannels needs to be identified. The first contribution of this paper is a new “mountain-leveling” power allocation algorithm to achieve the maximum sum-rate. With the resulting power allocation, we can then achieve the corresponding optimal sum-rate by having a separate encoding/decoding mechanism for each subchannels, but doing so is cumbersome and complex when the number of subchannels is large. The second contribution of this paper is a practical encoding/decoding framework using only one encoder-decoder mechanism for all subchannels without sacrificing sum-rate optimality. We provide numerical results to corroborate our theoretical findings and to demonstrate the benefits of our encoding/decoding framework.
Food waste of Chinese cruise passengers

Abstract This paper investigates the food waste phenomenon concerning Chinese cruise passengers holidaying on international cruise ships. Data were collected through participant observation, casual conversation, and in-depth interviews with 76 Chinese respondents on three international cruise ships departing from Shanghai, China. The cruise ships offered all-inclusive pricing and most food was included. Food waste was common and serious. Food abundance and the all-inclusive nature of the cruise packages contributed to food waste. Further, onboard food waste was significantly influenced by Chinese culture, including food preference and the fear of missing out. Specifically, elderly passengers and those with a lower level of education were more likely to produce food waste. A conceptual framework explaining the phenomenon was developed as the outcome of this research.
Molecular and morphological characters distinguishing two Porphyra species (Rhodophyta:Bangiophyciote)

Definition of species limits within the rhodophyte genus Porphyra is hampered by the lack of reliable morphological markers; confusion in the taxonomy has serious implications for ecological studies. We report the results of a combined morphological and molecular analysis of plants variously referred to as P. purpurea, P. purpureo-violacea, P. umbilicalis f. laciniata and P. laciniata. All plants examined fell into one of two distinct groups: P. purpurea—monoecious with reproductive fronds divided into two distinct, but often unequal, male and female parts; P. laciniata—dioecious with fronds folding in half longitudinally when hanging vertically. All plants within a group were found to share a common nucleotide sequence for the chloroplast-borne rbcL-S spacer; a single nucleotide transition separates the two groups.
An Inconvenient Joke? A Review of Humor in Climate Change Communication

ABSTRACT Researchers and practitioners are searching for alternative ways to communicate climate change and other environmental problems beyond the dominant approach of shock and fear. Using humor is one such an alternative, but can we laugh in the face of environmental danger? This study investigates, through a systematic narrative review, the existing interdisciplinary literature of humor in climate change and environmental communication. The findings are organized into four themes. First, we present the overall effects of humor on environmental awareness, perceptions, learning and behaviors. Next, the types of humor are analyzed, such as satire and irony. Third, we explore what forms of communication are most dominant. Finally, we show that most studies target audiences from the general population, with little focus on specific segments of the population. To conclude, we evaluate the benefits and challenges of using humor in climate and environmental communication and make suggestions for further research.
Overexpression of thaumatin-like protein in transgenic tomato plants confers enhanced resistance to Alternaria solani

Abstract A cDNA encoding thaumatin-like protein (TLP) from rice was cloned into the binary vector pMON410 under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato. All putative transformants were tested for the integration and expression of the chimeric gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for hygromycin resistance gene (hph) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for TLP respectively. Constitutive, high-level expression of TLP was observed in transgenic plants. The transgenic lines exhibited increased resistance to Alternaria solani, the early blight pathogen compared to non-transgenic tomato plants.
Run-Time Protection of Multi-Core Processors From Power-Noise Denial-of-Service Attacks

In this paper, we show that stress-tests can be potentially used as power-noise viruses in denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by causing voltage emergencies that may lead to data corruptions and system crashes in multi-core processors. This attack targets processors whose operating voltage has been reduced in-the-field for improving energy efficiency. To protect such undervolted processors from this type of attacks, we present a run-time system for detecting and mitigating power-noise viruses. We present voltage noise data from power-noise viruses and benchmarks collected from an Arm multi-core processor, and we observe that the frequency of voltage emergencies dramatically increases during the execution of power-noise attacks. Based on this observation, we propose a regression model that allows for a run-time estimation of the severity of voltage emergencies by monitoring the frequency of voltage emergencies and the operating frequency of the processor. For mitigating the problem, during the execution of critical tasks requiring protection, our system periodically evaluates the severity of voltage emergencies and adapts the operating frequency of the processor in order to reduce the severity of the attack according to a predefined constraint. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed run-time protection system on an actual Arm multi-core processor using two power-noise viruses, and we explore trade-offs between protection latency, CPU utilization and power cost. The proposed software achieves with a very low CPU utilization overhead of less than 0.11% to detect and mitigate power-noise DoS attacks with a latency of 100 $\mu {\mathrm{ s}}$ .
Tablet Üzerinde Eş Zamanlı İpucuyla Sunulan Nokta Belirleme Tekniği Kullanarak Rakam-Nesne Eşleme Öğretiminde Dokunarak Rakamları Öğrenelim Yazılımının Etkililiği

Bu arastirmanin amaci, zihinsel yetersizligi olan ogrencilere tablet uzerinde rakamlarla nesneleri esleme becerisinin ogretiminde, es zamanli ipucu yontemiyle sunulan nokta belirleme tekniginin kullanildigi Dokunarak Rakamlari Ogrenelim yaziliminin etkililigini incelemektir. Arastirmada tek denekli arastirma modellerinden katilimcilar arasi yoklama denemeli coklu yoklama modeli kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin katilimcilarini, Bolu ilinde bulunan, rehabilitasyon merkezine devam eden hafif duzeyde zihinsel yetersizlik tanisi almis, yaslari 6-7 arasinda degisen ikisi erkek uc ogrenci olusturmustur. Arastirmanin bagimli degiskeni zihinsel yetersizligi olan ogrencilerin hazirlanan Dokunarak Rakamlari Ogrenelim yaziliminda rakamlarla nesneleri esleme becerisindeki duzeyidir. Bagimsiz degiskeni ise tablet uzerinde es zamanli ipucu yontemi ile nokta belirleme teknigi kullanilarak hazirlanan Dokunarak Rakamlari Ogrenelim yazilimidir. Arastirma sonucunda; zihinsel yetersizligi olan ogrencilere rakamlari nesnelerle esleme becerisinin kazandirilmasinda, es zamanli ipucu yontemiyle sunulan nokta belirleme teknigi kullanilarak hazirlanan Dokunarak Ogrenelim Yaziliminin etkili oldugu gorulmustur. Bununla birlikte ogrencilerin kazandiklari tablet uzerinde rakamlari nesnelerle esleme becerisinin 1. ve 5. haftalara kadar koruyabildikleri ve ailelerin goruslerinin de olumlu yonde oldugu gorulmustur.
Shoot tip culture of Helianthus annuus ― flowering and development of adventitious and multiple shoots

Shoot multiplication of Helianthus annuus was optimal from half shoot apices cultured on MS media with 0.1-1.0 mg/l benzyl adenine or kinetin. Auxins inhibited multiplication and promoted callusing. Rooting was poor and was not promoted by auxins. Flowering of multiple shoots was observed after as little as 3 wk of culture. A number of plant growth regulators and environmental conditions had no effect on flowering which supports the determinate apex theory for sunflower (Habermann and Sekulow, 1972). Adventitious shoots were induced on leaves of the multiple shoots in some inbreds.
Magnetic fabrics and microstructures of Paleoproterozoic intrusive bodies of Piedra Alta Terrane, Río de la Plata Craton, Uruguay: a reconnaissance study

Small to medium-sized intrusive bodies with ages between 2.1 and 2.0 Ga characterize Piedra Alta terrane and represent the final stabilization of Río de la Plata Craton. A reconnaissance study of petro- and magnetic fabrics based on microscopic observations, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization, was carried out on 41 sites from 14 intrusive bodies, in order to obtain preliminary information on kinematics of their emplacement, degree of deformation, and regional stress regime during this magmatic event. The magnetic fabrics coupled with the microstructural analysis are interpreted as generally reflecting magma kinematics near solidus temperature, although few cases of tectonically modified fabrics at local levels have been interpreted. Field evidence and magnetic fabrics in most plutons show subvertical to high angle E-W to NE-SW trending foliations and subvertical lineations. These data suggest that plutons were probably intruded under a regional extensional to transtensional regime, which controlled the magma ascent and distribution of the intrusions. Lack of metamorphism and low to null deformation shown by the study plutons suggest a late-orogenic character for this magmatism, which has been associated with crustal stabilization after accretionary processes that led to the formation of Río de la Plata Craton in the Orosirian.
VARIACIÓN EN GRADOS DE LATENCIA EN SEMILLAS ENTRE COLECTAS DE CHILE PIQUÍN (CAPSICUM ANNUUM VAR. GLABRIUSCULUM)

Chile piquin (Capsicum annuum cv. glabriusculum) consumed in Mexico is usually harvested from wild grown plants. This activity might threaten the genetic diversity in this species. However, chile piquin germination has traditionally been diffi - cult for intensive greenhouse sowing. The causes for such behavior are unknown. Accessions from seven production zones in the country and Southern USA were collected, and studied. Morphological studies determined there are no signifi cant morphological differences or barriers among accessions that might prevent seed germination. An imbibition kinetic study showed no limitations for water penetration into seed tissues. Yet the seed germination rate varied among the 16 accessions (0 to 66%) with an average of 15%. Seed conditioning with AG 3 at 5,000 ppm increased mean germination rate to 59% in 14 out of 16 accessions. Hydrogen peroxide and potassium nitrate did not increase germination rates of viable seeds, except on two and four accessions, respectively. This work corroborates that chile piquin seed germination is restricted by physiological dormancy that giberellic acid pre-condi-
England’s summer of sport 2017

Abstract The summer of 2017 heralded an interesting layering of English elite women’s sports events as major competitions were held in cricket, football, rugby and hockey. Uniquely this was the first occasion when these competitions were held during the same summer period and England was the only team to participate in all four events. This presents an opportunity to examine British print media coverage of elite English women, across a range of sports tournaments during a confined season. A qualitative analysis of British print media was undertaken for each of the four tournaments. Eighty nine articles from four national newspapers were analysed and results demonstrate emergent themes of International success, Performance and Role Models. These themes are discussed in the context of an accumulation of successful coverage, third wave feminism and the framing of the achievements resulted in the portrayal of the sports women as authentic athletes.
The Development of a Critical–Creative Reading Assessment Based on Problem Solving

The ability to think critically and creatively is essential for students to help them thrive in the 21st century. Creative and critical thinking can be measured through problem solving because the assessment contains tasks that require students to find problems, analyze and evaluate problems, and work out the solutions. Therefore, this study was designed to develop a critical and creative reading assessment model based on problem solving and test the validity and reliability of the assessment. The assessment contained problem-solving essay tests that were presented in the form of stories. The material stimulus was news item texts that focused on social problems. The data collected were in the form of mean scores of expert validity testing and practitioner inter-rater reliability testing. The assessment was tried out to 36 students. The validity of the instrument was analyzed descriptively, while the reliability of the instrument was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with SPSS 26. The results of the study indicated that the mean score of the expert validity test was categorized high (3.74), and the result of the reliability test showed that there was no difference in the inter-rater assessment because p > . 05 and the ICC obtained was excellent (rxx = .716). It can be concluded that the assessment developed in this study was valid and reliable, and thus can be used as an assessment to improve the critical–creative reading skills which are the essential skills needed to survive and thrive in the 21st century.
First Record of Maculobates (Acari: Oribatida: Liebstadiidae) from Japan, with a Redescription Based on Specimens from the Ryukyu Archipelago

Maculobates bruneiensis Ermilov, Chatterjee and Marshall, 2013, formerly known only from Brunei, was collected from the islands of Okinawa and Iriomote in southern Japan. The described specimens represent the first recorded presence of any species of Maculobates in Japan. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of M. bruneiensis and other oribatid mites based on 18S rRNA does not support the monophyly of Scheloribates, Haplozetidae, or Fortuyniidae, but they do support the monophyly of Oripodoidea.
Detection and Quantization of Fatigue Damage in Laminated Composites With Cross Recursive Quantitative Analysis

Damage detection is an inevitable part of composite laminate product verification during both manufacture and maintenance inspections. The article presents a damage characterization method to detect and quantize the fatigue damage in composite laminates. The cross recurrence plot (CRP) of Lamb signal is introduced to assess the dynamic difference between the composite laminates in undamaged and damaged states. The cross recursive quantification analysis features derived from the CRPs are optimally selected and fused into a damage value (DV) based on the support vector data description model. Then, the DVs of diagnostic paths are integrated into a unified damage index for quantizing the fatigue damage of composite laminate subjected to the cyclic loading. The feasibility of the proposed method is validated by the simulation data acquired from the finite element models with different severity degrees of microcracking and the fatigue damage progressing data from NASA prognostics data repository.
The E&L Magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) Deposit, Northwestern British Columbia : Preliminary Sulfide Petrology, Platinum-Group Element Mineralogy and Lead Isotope Systematics

The olivine gabbro-hosted E&L magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide deposit is located in the Jurassic Eskay Rift back-arc basin within the Stikine Terrane of northwestern British Columbia and is one of only two known high-grade magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) massive sulfide deposits in the Canadian Cordillera. The E&L intrusion is hosted in the 180.7 Ma Nickel Mountain Gabbro Complex and by Upper Hazelton Group pyritic black shales and mudstones. The petrology of sulfide and platinum group minerals and the lead (Pb) isotopic compositions of ore minerals were investigated to provide constraints on mineralization mechanisms and the source of metals in the deposit. The textures of pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite-magnetite are typical of magmatic ore deposits and platinum group minerals are predominantly tellurides and bismuthotellurides. Unusual sieve-textured magnetite in the semi-net-textured sulfides of the Lower Chamber and “pseudo-cuneiform” magnetite in the massive sulfides of the Lower Discovery Zone are interpreted to be the result of disequilibrium-induced resorption. The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals analyzed directly in thin section by laser ablationinductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) are variable with many of the results overlapping within analytical uncertainty. Some of the higher temperature sulfides (e.g., pyrrhotite) have relatively unradiogenic Pb isotope compositions, whereas lower temperature minerals (e.g., chalcopyrite) have compositions indicating the effects of crustal contaminant and of secondary hydrothermal alteration. Isotope mixing models suggest that variable degrees of contamination occurred at depth of a mantle-derived magma by the Triassic-Jurassic island-arc basement of Stikinia and at shallower depths by Upper Hazelton Group strata. The similarities in Pb isotopic ratios between E&L sulfides and sulfides from other deposit types in the region highlight the relative isotopic homogeneity of the Stikinia crust during the Early-Middle Jurassic. Combined, trace element and Pb isotopic geochemical variations from the E&L intrusion and deposit are consistent with post-collisional decompression melting of a metasomatized mantle source during the transtensional development of the Eskay Rift, with no genetic relationship to the Nickel Mountain Gabbro Complex. Given the inferred ascent path of the parent magmas along areas of high structural permeability and the lack of upper age constraints on mineralization, there may be a close tectonic relationship between mineralization at the E&L deposit and the nearby Eskay Creek and Anyox volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits.
Development of a DNA aptamer for direct and selective homocysteine detection in human serum

L-Homocysteine has been an amino acid intermediate of interest for over 20 years due to its implication in various adverse health conditions, including cardiovascular disease. Here, we report the first in vitro selection and application of high affinity aptamers for the target L-homocysteine. Two novel aptamer sequences were selected following 8 rounds of selection that displayed high affinity binding and selectivity to homocysteine compared to other amino acids. One of the selected aptamers, Hcy 8 (KD = 600 ± 300 nM), was used to develop a gold-nanoparticle biosensor capable of sensitive and selective homocysteine detection in human serum, with a limit of detection of 0.5 μM and a linear range of 0.5–3.0 μM. This biosensor allows rapid detection of free homocysteine in human serum samples at low cost, with little preparation time and could be adapted to be part of a point-of-care screening method.