Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superimposed pilot-interference aided channel estimation and joint signal detection in amplify-and-forward relaying systems

In this paper, we consider an AF relaying system without direct channel between the source node and the destination node, and use superimposed pilots to estimate the overall channel state information (CSI). Considering the superimposed pilot-interference (SPI) at the destination node is useful for channel estimation and data detection because the pilots and the data undergo the same channel fading due to superimposed sending, we utilize SPI to estimate CSI and detect the sending data. Simulation results show that our proposed method improves the spectral efficiency and obtain the satisfactory performance because of using superimposed pilots instead of traditional pilots.
Maximum‐likelihood estimation of haplotype frequencies in nuclear families

The importance of haplotype analysis in the context of association fine mapping of disease genes has grown steadily over the last years. Since experimental methods to determine haplotypes on a large scale are not available, phase has to be inferred statistically. For individual genotype data, several reconstruction techniques and many implementations of the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm for haplotype frequency estimation exist. Recent research work has shown that incorporating available genotype information of related individuals largely increases the precision of haplotype frequency estimates. We, therefore, implemented a highly flexible program written in C, called FAMHAP, which calculates maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of haplotype frequencies from general nuclear families with an arbitrary number of children via the EM‐algorithm for up to 20 SNPs. For more loci, we have implemented a locus‐iterative mode of the EM‐algorithm, which gives reliable approximations of the MLEs for up to 63 SNP loci, or less when multi‐allelic markers are incorporated into the analysis. Missing genotypes can be handled as well. The program is able to distinguish cases (haplotypes transmitted to the first affected child of a family) from pseudo‐controls (non‐transmitted haplotypes with respect to the child). We tested the performance of FAMHAP and the accuracy of the obtained haplotype frequencies on a variety of simulated data sets. The implementation proved to work well when many markers were considered and no significant differences between the estimates obtained with the usual EM‐algorithm and those obtained in its locus‐iterative mode were observed. We conclude from the simulations that the accuracy of haplotype frequency estimation and reconstruction in nuclear families is very reliable in general and robust against missing genotypes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dysplasia and Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease 10 Years after Diagnosis: Results of a Population-Based European Collaborative Follow-Up Study

Objective: To determine dysplasia and cancer in the 1991–2004 European Collaborative Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EC-IBD) Study Group cohort. Patients and Methods: A patient questionnaire and a physician per patient form were completed for each of the 1,141 inflammatory bowel disease patients (776 ulcerative colitis/365 Crohn’s disease) from 9 centers (7 countries) derived from the EC-IBD cohort. Rates of detection of intestinal cancer and dysplasia as well as extra-intestinal neoplasms were computed. Results: Patient follow-up time was 10.3 ± 0.8 (range 9.4–11) years. The mean age of the whole group of IBD patients was 37.8 ± 11.3 (range 16–76) years. Thirty-eight patients (3.3%; 26 with ulcerative colitis/12 with Crohn’s disease, 21 males/17 females, aged 61.3 ± 13.4, range 33–77 years), were diagnosed with 42 cancers. Cancers occurred 5.4 ± 3.3 (range 0–11) years after inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis. Colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 8 (1 Crohn’s disease and 7 ulcerative colitis patients – 0.3 and 0.9% of the Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis cohort, respectively) of 38 patients and 30 cancers were extra-intestinal. Four of 38 patients (10.5%) were diagnosed as having 2 cancers and they were younger compared to patients with one cancer (p = 0.0008). There was a trend for a higher prevalence of intestinal cancer in the northern centers (0.9%) compared to southern centers (0.3%, p = NS). Southern centers had more cases of extra-intestinal cancer compared to northern centers (2 vs. 3.8%, p = 0.08). Ten patients (0.9%; 8 with ulcerative colitis/2 with Crohn’s disease, 8 males, aged 62.3 ± 14.1 years) had colorectal dysplasia. Conclusions: In the first decade of the EC-IBD Study Group cohort follow-up study, the prevalence of cancer was as expected with most patients having a single neoplasm and an extra-intestinal neoplasm. In northern centers there was a trend for more intestinal cancers, while in southern centers there was a trend for more extra-intestinal cancers compared to northern centers.
Immersed‐Foil Method for Measuring Shock Wave Profiles in Solids

A new technique is described for measuring, essentially directly, a complex shock front profile that is transmitted into a transparent liquid from a solid material. The image of a grid light source, reflected from a Mylar foil immersed within the liquid, is recorded with a streak camera.Index of refraction data for liquids in the high‐pressure shocked state (required for calculating particle velocities from image displacements) are reported for glycerol, ethanol, water, and hexane to 220, 135, 58, and 41 kbar, respectively. The increase of index of refraction with density for water agrees with that reported by Zel'dovich, Sinitsyn, and Kormer, but is considerably less (as are also the results for the other liquids) than that predicted by the Lorentz‐Lorenz formula. Hugoniot data obtained concurrently with the refractive index data agree closely with those of Rice and Walsh. Applications of the immersed‐foil method are discussed for: (a) determining the release adiabats from shock states produced by a double shock front in a solid; (b) the study of shock wave attenuation in solids; and (3) measurement of the adiabatic sound velocity of liquids in the high‐pressure shocked state.
Mobile Robot Path Planning with Randomly Moving Obstacles and Goal

This article presents the dynamic path planning for a mobile robot to track a randomly moving goal with avoidance of multiple randomly moving obstacles. The main feature of the developed scheme is its capability of dealing with the situation that the paths of both the goal and the obstacles are unknown a priori to the mobile robot. A new mathematical approach that is based on the concepts of 3-D geometry is proposed to generate the path of the mobile robot. The mobile robot decides its path in real time to avoid the randomly moving obstacles and to track the randomly moving goal. The developed scheme results in faster decision-making for successful goal tracking. 3-D simulations using MATLAB validate the developed scheme. Index Terms-mobile robot, path planning, randomly moving obstacles, obstacle avoidance, randomly moving goal
Factors Associated With Emotional Satisfaction During First Anal Intercourse in a Sample of YMSM

ABSTRACT We sought to determine, in a sample of 2,813 HIV seronegative young men who had sex with other men age 18–24, whether physical satisfaction would explain emotional satisfaction during first anal intercourse and whether emotional satisfaction would impact having sex with a partner a second time. Emotional satisfaction was explained mostly by physical satisfaction during the event, but partner type also had direct impact on emotional satisfaction. Our findings suggest that first anal intercourse experiences in young men are both emotionally and physically satisfying and may impact subsequent sexual behavior and partner decision-making.
Lateral insulated-gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT) with a segmented anode structure

A novel lateral insulated-gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT) structure, called the segmented anode LIGBT, is presented. In this structure, the anode, which is responsible for the injection of minority carriers for conductivity modulation, is implemented using segments of p/sup +/ and n/sup +/ diffusions along the device width. This segmented design of the anode structure results in higher switching speed and reduction in device size. Depending on the value of the specific ON resistance, experimental results show that the segmented anode LIGBT has from 20% to 250% reduction in turn-off time as compared to the shorted anode LIGBT. <<ETX>>
Toward High-Level Visual Content Interpretation and Annotation for Sport Events

This paper presents a novel framework for visual content interpretation and aims to generate meaningful descriptions for visual content based on the aggregate information of the detected primitive objects, spatial relations, and specific relevant prior knowledge to aid visual content interpretation. The main contributions of this paper include: (1) a novel approach to generate semantic descriptions for visual data at natural language level whereas the state of the art frameworks perform just simple object labeling which is not informative; (2) an integration of the detected primitive objects, spatial relations and contextual knowledge to detect the action scene (competition phase) in sport events e.g. flying action in a pole vault event. The experimental results show that the presented approach can discover semantically meaningful visual content descriptions and recognize sport event and action in the visual data efficiently.
DEVELOPMENT OF WEANING FOOD FROM WHEAT FLOUR SUPPLEMENTED WITH DEFATTED SESAME FLOUR

This study was conducted to produce high quality weaning food as complementary from local raw materials (Khartoum, Sudan), intended for feeding infants and young children generally from the age of 6 months to 24 months. Three diets A, B, C, and Cerelac (reference diet) were analyzed for their chemical composition, functional properties, microbial load and sensory quality. The results revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the biochemical composition of all diets. The formulated diets have high protein content than that of the reference diet. The study revealed that the protein digestibility ranged from 87.86 to 95.51 for formulated diets compared to reference diet (94.12%). Interestingly, with increasing the amount of sesame flour in the formula the content and scores of all amino acid, as well as the protein digestibility were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05). Iron content of the diets ranged from 5.14 to 14.05 mg/100g while that of the reference diet was11.24. For functional properties, the bulk density and water holding capacity was concurrently decreased (P ≤ 0.05) with the increase in the sesame flour supplementation. All the diets were free from pathogenic bacteria and hence considered safe for consumption. Sensory evaluation of the studied diets showed that diet C acquired the highest score compared to other diets including the reference diet.
Identification and preliminary characterization of a lectinlike protein from Capnocytophaga gingivalis (emended)

A polypeptide believed to be the monomeric form of the lectin responsible for the coaggregation of Capnocytophaga gingivalis (emended) and Actinomyces israelii has been identified. Denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analyses were used to distinguish the protein from other proteins in the outer membrane of C. gingivalis. The subunit of the putative lectin has a pI of 8.6 and a molecular weight of 155,000.
Ultra-wideband antenna design using the Green's function method (GFM) ABC with genetic algorithm

The authors' goal is to design a semi-conical ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna mounted over an infinite ground plane, such that the ratio between the principal maximum of the transmitted pulse and its temporal sidelobes would be maximized. To this end, we make use of a genetic algorithm (GA) as the optimization procedure, coupled with the the Yee version of the FDTD method as the mathematical model.
Video preparation for breast cancer treatment planning: Results of a randomized clinical trial

This paper reports results of a randomized controlled trial of a preparatory videotape to reduce distress and increase preparedness among 79 recently diagnosed breast cancer patients. Patients were randomly assigned to view a 19‐min video developed for this study, or to a written pamphlet control condition. The video included physician interviews, doctor–patient interaction, and a description of a typical patient's experience at the clinic. Baseline measures included demographic characteristics, history of mental health treatment, personality, and distress (depression, anxiety, helplessness). Outcome measures included distress, quality of life, patient satisfaction, readiness to ask questions of doctor, and participation in the appointment. Results showed that among minority patients, those in the video condition were more satisfied with the overall clinic appointment. Among unmarried patients, those in the video condition tended to have lower distress. Among patients with a history of mental health treatment, those in the video condition tended to have higher quality of life. Among patients working at least half time, those in the video condition were more prepared to ask questions of their doctors. Results suggest that video preparation of cancer patients can be effective, and may be most likely to benefit patients who are vulnerable or underserved. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-resolution and low-cost DOA estimation by modified Root-SUMWE method

In this paper, we proposed the Root-SUMWE (subspace-based method without eigendecomposition) method and its modified version at low computational cost. As seen from the simulation results, Root-SUMWE method can improve the estimation accuracy at small number of snapshots and low SNR, and reduce the computational cost. Also, the modified Root-SUMWE (Forward-only) can further reduce more computational cost while preserving DOA estimation accuracy almost equal to Root-SUMWE method. Further improving DOA estimation accuracy is one of future studies.
A concrete security treatment of symmetric encryption

We study notions and schemes for symmetric (ie. private key) encryption in a concrete security framework. We give four different notions of security against chosen plaintext attack and analyze the concrete complexity of reductions among them, providing both upper and lower bounds, and obtaining tight relations. In this way we classify notions (even though polynomially reducible to each other) as stronger or weaker in terms of concrete security. Next we provide concrete security analyses of methods to encrypt using a block cipher, including the most popular encryption method, CBC. We establish tight bounds (meaning matching upper bounds and attacks) on the success of adversaries as a function of their resources.
Evaluation of ATP Bioluminescence Assays for Potential Use in a Hospital Setting

ATP bioluminescence is being applied in hospitals to measure surface contamination. We compared commercial luminometers for detecting the number Staphylococcus aureus associated with surfaces. The data showed that the ATP bioluminescence methods tested were not robust enough to generate quantitative data on bacterial numbers, especially at low concentrations.
Fault diagnosis in nonlinear stochastic systems via particle filtering

We consider the problem of detecting malfunctions in the actuators or sensors of systems which can be described by nonlinear/non-Gaussian stochastic state-space models. The basic idea is to estimate the state vector of such models using a sequential Monte Carlo technique known as particle filtering. We present several approaches to detecting faults and pinpointing their location within the system, using either one or a bank of particle filters.
High and low oxygen affinity conformations of T state hemoglobin

To understand the interplay between tertiary and quaternary transitions associated with hemoglobin function and regulation, oxygen binding curves were obtained for hemoglobin A fixed in the T quaternary state by encapsulation in wet porous silica gels. At pH 7.0 and 15°C, the oxygen pressure at half saturation (p50) was measured to be 12.4 ± 0.2 and 139 ± 4 torr for hemoglobin gels prepared in the absence and presence of the strong allosteric effectors inositol hexaphosphate and bezafibrate, respectively. Both values are in excellent agreement with those found for the binding of the first oxygen to hemoglobin in solution under similar experimental conditions. The corresponding Hill coefficients of hemoglobin gels were 0.94 ± 0.02 and 0.93 ± 0.03, indicating, in the frame of the Monod, Wyman, and Changeux model, that high and low oxygen‐affinity tertiary T‐state conformations have been isolated in a pure form. The values, slightly lower than unity, reflect the different oxygen affinity of α‐ and β‐hemes. Significantly, hemoglobin encapsulated in the presence of the weak effector phosphate led to gels that show intermediate oxygen affinity and Hill coefficients of 0.7 to 0.8. The heterogeneous oxygen binding results from the presence of a mixture of the high and low oxygen‐affinity T states. The Bohr effect was measured for hemoglobin gels containing the pure conformations and found to be more pronounced for the high‐affinity T state and almost absent for the low‐affinity T state. These findings indicate that the functional properties of the T quaternary state result from the contribution of two distinct, interconverting conformations, characterized by a 10‐fold difference in oxygen affinity and a different extent of tertiary Bohr effect. The very small degree of T‐state cooperativity observed in solution and in the crystalline state might arise from a ligand‐induced perturbation of the distribution between the high‐ and low‐affinity T‐state conformations.
Role of the HAMP domain region of sensory rhodopsin transducers in signal transduction.

Archaea are able to sense light via the complexes of sensory rhodopsins I and II and their corresponding chemoreceptor-like transducers HtrI and HtrII. Though generation of the signal has been studied in detail, the mechanism of its propagation to the cytoplasm remains obscured. The cytoplasmic part of the transducer consists of adaptation and kinase activity modulating regions, connected to transmembrane helices via two HAMP (histidine kinases, adenylyl cyclases, methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, phosphatases) domains. The inter-HAMP region of Natronomonas pharaonis HtrII (NpHtrII) was found to be α-helical [Hayashi, K. , et al. (2007) Biochemistry 46, 14380-14390]. We studied the inter-HAMP regions of NpHtrII and other phototactic signal transducers by means of molecular dynamics. Their structure is found to be a bistable asymmetric coiled coil, in which the protomers are longitudinally shifted by ~1.3 Å. The free energy penalty for the symmetric structure is estimated to be 1.2-1.5 kcal/mol depending on the molarity of the solvent. Both flanking HAMP domains are mechanistically coupled to the inter-HAMP region and are asymmetric. The longitudinal shift in the inter-HAMP region is coupled with the in-plane displacement of the cytoplasmic part by 8.6 Å relative to the transmembrane part. The established properties suggest that (1) the signal may be transduced through the inter-HAMP domain switching and (2) the inter-HAMP region may allow cytoplasmic parts of the transducers to come sufficiently close to each other to form oligomers.
An Offset Cancelation Technique for Latch Type Sense Amplifiers

An offset compensation technique for a latch type sense amplifier is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme is based on the recalibration of the charging/discharging current of the critical nodes which are affected by the device mismatches. The circuit has been designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology with 1.2 V core transistors. The auto-calibration procedure is fully digital. Simulation results are given verifying the operation for sampling a 5 Gb/s signal dissipating only 360 μW.
Chloroplast DNA from Tobacco Leaves

DNA from tobacco leaf chloroplasts was isolated as a single component with a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.702 compared to 1.697 for nuclear DNA. 5-Methylcytosine is present in nuclear DNA but absent in chloroplast DNA. Chloroplast DNA, with a guanine-cytosine content of 43 percent, has a melting temperature of 86�C and renatures completely on slow cooling, whereas nuclear DNA ( melting temperature, 84�C; guanine-cytosine content, 40 percent) does not renature. About 9 percent of the total DNA in tobacco leaves is chloroplast DNA representing about 4.7 xX 10-15 gram of DNA per chloroplast with a molecular weight of approximately 4 xX 107.
Secondary metabolic gene cluster silencing in Aspergillus nidulans

In contrast to most primary metabolism genes, the genes involved in secondary metabolism and certain nutrient utilization pathways are clustered in fungi. Recently a nuclear protein, LaeA, was found to be required for the transcription of several secondary metabolite gene clusters in Aspergillus nidulans. Here we show that LaeA regulation does not extend to nutrient utilization or the spoC1 sporulation clusters. One of the secondary metabolite clusters regulated by LaeA contains the positive regulatory (i.e. aflR) and biosynthetic genes required for biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin (ST), a carcinogenic toxin. Analysis of ST gene cluster expression indicates LaeA regulation of the cluster is location specific as transcription of genes bordering the ST cluster are unaffected in a ΔlaeA mutant and placement of a primary metabolic gene, argB, in the ST cluster resulted in argB silencing in the ΔlaeA background. ST cluster gene expression was remediated when an additional copy of aflR was placed outside of the cluster but not when placed in the cluster. Site‐specific mutation of an s‐adenosyl methionine (AdoMet) binding site in LaeA generated a ΔlaeA phenotype suggesting the protein to be a methyltransferase.
Continuous abdominal raster scanning a technique for increasing anatomic informaiton and reducing scan time

Continuous raster scanning can improve avdominal ′B scan image resolution and decrease the time required for scanning. Rapid, serial, single‐sweep scans are performed at 3 to 8 mm intervals during suspended respiration. This technique markedly reduces organ distortion by respiratory and vascular motion. It is best performed with a contact scanner operating in video mode that utilizes a high resolution storage oscilloscope.