Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poster: Detecting False−Data Injection Attacks on Air Traffic Control Protocols

The world’s airspaces are becoming increasingly crowded as manned and unmanned aircraft must coexist in the future. To handle this growth, new and more efficient protocols are being rolled out in most countries. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is one of the core pieces of next generation air traffic management. Several publications in the academic and hacker community have highlighted the vulnerabilities of ADS-B and consequently the need for improved security. We analyze means to detect such attacks and propose a transparent intrusion detection system.
Maximum Permissible Rail Potential

This article reviews the current American and European standards and codes for maximum permissible rail voltage on DC traction power systems. The principles of negative grounding device (NGD) operation and its corresponding voltage settings are also briefly discussed. The negative return portion of a modern DC railway power system, which includes the running rails (tracks), is normally isolated from earth to the maximum extent practical. The purpose of this isolation is to prevent stray DC currents from flowing through the earth and potentially causing corrosion of nearby metallic infrastructure. The isolation of the tracks from the earth is not perfect. Each track tie and insulated running rail fastener assembly can be electrically represented as a resistor of high-ohmic value connected between the rails and the earth. With many of these resistors in parallel over miles of track, a distributed leakage resistance is established between the rails and earth. However, for modern DC traction power systems, in particular, this resistance is high enough for the rails to be considered essentially ungrounded with respect to local electrical ground (earth).
Evolutionary adaptive eye tracking for low-cost human computer interaction applications

Abstract. We present an evolutionary adaptive eye-tracking framework aiming for low-cost human computer interaction. The main focus is to guarantee eye-tracking performance without using high-cost devices and strongly controlled situations. The performance optimization of eye tracking is formulated into the dynamic control problem of deciding on an eye tracking algorithm structure and associated thresholds/parameters, where the dynamic control space is denoted by genotype and phenotype spaces. The evolutionary algorithm is responsible for exploring the genotype control space, and the reinforcement learning algorithm organizes the evolved genotype into a reactive phenotype. The evolutionary algorithm encodes an eye-tracking scheme as a genetic code based on image variation analysis. Then, the reinforcement learning algorithm defines internal states in a phenotype control space limited by the perceived genetic code and carries out interactive adaptations. The proposed method can achieve optimal performance by compromising the difficulty in the real-time performance of the evolutionary algorithm and the drawback of the huge search space of the reinforcement learning algorithm. Extensive experiments were carried out using webcam image sequences and yielded very encouraging results. The framework can be readily applied to other low-cost vision-based human computer interactions in solving their intrinsic brittleness in unstable operational environments.
Combination of citalopram and nortriptyline in the treatment of severe major depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Objective: Depression is a major health problem and is not only under-recognized and undertreated but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that combination therapy rapidly reduces depressive symptoms in patients with moderate-to-severe depression more effectively than monotherapy; however, this is controversial. Serotonergic and noradrenergic enhancement may be synergistic and more effective than serotonergic enhancement alone in the management of depression. The objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of citalopram and nortriptyline for the treatment of moderate-to-severe major depression. Methods: A total of 45 patients, who met the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria for major depressive disorder based on the clinical interview were included in the study. Patients had a baseline Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of at least 20. In this trial, .
Gallium Nitride-Based Nanowire Radial Heterostructures for Nanophotonics

We report a new and general strategy for efficient injection of carriers in active nanophotonic devices involving the synthesis of well-defined doped core/shell/shell (CSS) nanowire heterostructures. n-GaN/InGaN/p-GaN CSS nanowire structures were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Electron microscopy images reveal that the CSS nanowires are defect-free single crystalline structures, while energy-dispersive X-ray linescan profile studies confirm that shell thickness and composition can be well controlled during synthesis. Photoluminescence data further show that the optical properties are controlled by the CSS structure with strong emission from the InGaN shell centered at 448 nm. Importantly, electrical devices made by simultaneously contacting the n-type core and outer p-type shell of the CSS nanowires demonstrate that in forward bias these individual nanowires behave as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with bright blue emission from the InGaN shell. The ability to rationally synthesize galliu.
Full-Scale Mine Burial Experiments in Wave and Current Environments and Comparison With Models

A mine burial field experiment was carried out on two sandy seafloors between January and April 2004 in the Bay of Brest, France. Burial recording mines (BRMs) were used to measure burial and mine orientation at 15-min intervals. Sonar and bottom photographs were also used to characterize sediment morphology and mine burial. These observations are compared with the predictions of mine burial using the following three models: a momentary liquefaction model, a current-induced scour model, and a wave-induced scour model. Analysis combines mine burial data, sediment data, seabed observations, and hydrodynamic measurements. At the first site, ldquoRascas,rdquo the seabed dynamics are dominated by tides and river runoff. Almost no mine burial was measured during the experiment which is in agreement with predictions of mine burial models (current-induced scour and liquefaction). Dynamics at the second site, ldquoBertheaume,rdquo are driven by tides and ocean waves. A long storm (one week) and several swell events were experienced and significant mine burial was observed in conjunction with high significant waveheights. Mine burial models suggest that burial at ldquoBertheaumerdquo was dominated by wave-induced scour rather than current-induced scour or momentary liquefaction.
EffEcts of REtainEd PlacEnta on thE fER tility in tREatEd daiR y cows

GUNAY, Aytekin, Ulgen GUNAY, and Abdulkadir ORMAN, 2011. Effects of retained placenta on the fertility in treated dairy cows. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 17: 126-131 The objective of this study was to evaluate an effect of the retained placenta on reproductive performance of 222 multiparous cows. The animals with retained placenta (RP) were divided into three treatment groups (TI; n=65, TII; n=47, TIII; n=30) and control group (n=80, without RP). In RP groups, 48-72 h after calving fetal membranes were manually separated. No administered in any drugs cows in TI group. All cows in T2 and T3 groups received intrauterine 2 g chlortetracycline boluses for 3 d. All cows in T3 group received systemic antibiotic treatment consisted of 10mg/ kg oxtetracycline that was administered for 4 d and cows with fewer on day 4th received oxtetracycline for an additional 3 d. Reproductive performance data were collected until pregnancy diagnosis or at six months post-partum and documented were days of the first service, first service conception rate, days open, services per conception rate. No significantly differences were found in all groups for non-pregnant cows after 180 d after post-partum. All the reproductive parameters were obtained in treatment groups were significant differences than the control group (P<0.05). This study indicated that RP in multiparous cows resulted negative impact on the reproductive performance in all treatment groups.
New assays for monitoring residual HIV burden in effectively treated individuals

Purpose of reviewMeasurements of HIV burden have relied upon quantification of viral nucleic acids by real-time PCR (qPCR). To develop and test strategies for eradication, new methods are needed to better characterize residual cellular reservoirs in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review summarizes recent advances that may lead to clinically useful tests with improved sensitivity, reproducibility and throughput. Recent findingsHIV DNA remains the most sensitive measure of residual infection, but its low levels are difficult to differentiate from assay noise by qPCR. Digital PCR has begun to improve the precision of existing real-time assays, but there remains a need to distinguish replication-competent proviruses. Rapid technological progress in single-cell analysis is beginning to offer new approaches, notably CyTOF and microengraving, which could provide vastly more information about the composition of the latent reservoir. SummaryTo investigate and assess therapies directed towards eradication, improved assays that simultaneously offer high sensitivity, precision and information content will be needed.
TO BE OR NOT TO BE LINKED ON LINKEDIN: ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS AND JOB SEARCH

Prior research suggests that social connections like friends and family – usually categorized as strong ‐ and weak ‐ ties – are valuable in a job search process. Nevertheless, the size of an average job seeker’s network was limited because of constraints posed by the available modes of communication and costs associated with maintaining those connections. The recent growth of online social networks has enabled job seekers to stay connected with all of their acquaintances, peers, friends, and family. Thus the number of online connections – weak or strong – that an individual is able to manage has increased significantly. In this paper, we first examine if an individual’s social network still plays a role in driving his/her job search behavior not only on the social network but also on other modes. Second, we examine how the ties (weak and strong) and search intensity affect the job outcomes (which we model sequentially as job leads, interviews and offers) from online social networks and compare it to job outcomes from traditional job search modes like career fairs and employment agencies, newspaper and magazine ads, Internet postings, and close friends and family (offline). We first built an economic model of search behavior with cost and benefit functions and then estimated the model to recover some key estimates and structural parameters using a survey data of 109 users. We found that users with more weak ‐ ties search more and users with more strong ‐ ties search less. We also find that weak ‐ ties are especially helpful in generating job leads, but it is the strong ‐ ties that play an important role in generating job interviews and job offers.
Some Insight on Dynamics of Posts and Citations in Different Blog Communities

This paper explores new approaches and methods to characterize post and citation dynamics in different blog communities. In particular, evolution of post popularity over time is studied, as well as information spreading cascades. This methodology goes beyond traditional approaches by defining classes of dynamic behaviors based on topological features of the post network, and by investigating the impact of topical communities on post popularity dynamics and on information spreading cascades. This methodology has been applied to a corpus of active French blogs monitored during 4 months.
Exploiting Hardware Vulnerabilities to Attack Embedded System Devices: a Survey of Potent Microarchitectural Attacks

Cyber-Physical system devices nowadays constitute a mixture of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) systems that are meant to operate harmonically under a security critical framework. As security IT countermeasures are gradually been installed in many embedded system nodes, thus securing them from many well-know cyber attacks there is a lurking danger that is still overlooked. Apart from the software vulnerabilities that typical malicious programs use, there are some very interesting hardware vulnerabilities that can be exploited in order to mount devastating software or hardware attacks (typically undetected by software countermeasures) capable of fully compromising any embedded system device. Real-time microarchitecture attacks such as the cache side-channel attacks are such case but also the newly discovered Rowhammer fault injection attack that can be mounted even remotely to gain full access to a device DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory). Under the light of the above dangers that are focused on the device hardware structure, in this paper, an overview of this attack field is provided including attacks, threat directives and countermeasures. The goal of this paper is not to exhaustively overview attacks and countermeasures but rather to survey the various, possible, existing attack directions and highlight the security risks that they can pose to security critical embedded systems as well as indicate their strength on compromising the Quality of Service (QoS) such systems are designed to provide.
A neural-based architecture for spot-noisy logo recognition

Much attention has recently been paid to the recognition of graphical objects, such as company logos and trademarks. Recognizing these objects facilitates the recognition of document classes. Some promising results have been achieved by using autoassociator-based artificial neural networks (AANN) in the presence of homogeneously distributed noise. However, the performance drops significantly when dealing with spot-noisy logos, where strips or blobs produce a partial obstruction of the pictures. We propose a new approach for training AANNs especially conceived for dealing with spot noise. The basic idea is to introduce new metrics for assessing the reproduction error in AANNs. The proposed algorithm, referred to as spot-backpropagation (S-BP), is significantly more robust with respect to spot-noise than classical Euclidean norm-based backpropagation (BP). Our experimental results are based on a database of 88 real logos that are artificially corrupted by spot-noise.
An Improved Automatic Load Frequency Controller for Damping Low Frequency Power Oscillations

This paper presents a mathematical formulation of a centralised controller for damping the unwanted oscillations in power systems. The proposed approach assumes a linearised model of the power system around an operating point and makes intensive use of the eigenstructure of the state matrix. The proposed algorithm accurately computes the unstable and poorly damped modes and determines the system components most involved in these critical modes, and damps all undamped modes simultaneously in an acceptable time. Simulation results in a two-area power system indicate that all unwanted oscillations due to a 1% step load change are damped when the controller is used. Validity and effectiveness of the proposed controller are demonstrated by comparing the obtained results with results of previously reported approaches
Numerical Dosimetry Schemes for the Simulation of Human Exposure to Pulsed High-Power Electromagnetic-Field Sources

In this paper, a numerical dosimetry scheme is proposed for pulsed high-power electromagnetic (HPEM) sources, which may induce biological effects such as “microwave hearing. ” This auditory effect is linked to the specific absorption (SA) of biological tissue which is subject to regulatory limits. The presented simulation scheme using high-resolution human body phantoms takes into account the widespread spectral excitation range of pulse sources with the frequency dependency of dispersive biological tissue properties and of corresponding regulatory restrictions. Different examples of numerically computed and evaluated HPEM exposure scenarios are presented.
Institutional Repository Socio-economic status and body composition outcomes in urban South African children

Objective To determine which aspects of socio-economic status (SES) measured at birth and 9/10 years are associated with body composition at ages 9/10 years. Design Mixed longitudinal cohort Setting Johannesburg-Soweto South Africa Participants A sub-sample of the Birth to Twenty (Bt20) cohort (n=281) with data on birthweight, height, weight, fat and lean tissue (whole body DXA), and birth and 9/10 years SES measures. Main Outcome Measures Linear regression was used to estimate the influence of birth and ages 9/10 years SES measures on three outcomes; fat mass index (FMI) (Fat Mass (Kg)/height(m)), lean mass index (LMI) (lean mass (Kg)/height(m)), and BMI at ages 9/10 years controlling for sex, age, birthweight and pubertal status. Results Compared to the lowest SES tertile, being in the highest birth SES tertile was associated with increased LMI at 9/10 years (β = 0.43, SE = 0.21 for White and Black children and β = 0.50, SE = 0.23 for Black children only), whereas children in the high SES tertile at 9/10 years had increased FMI (β = 0.46, SE = 0.22 for White and Black children and β = 0.65, SE = 0.23 for Black children only). SES at birth and 9/10 years accounted for 8 and 6% of the variance in FMI and BMI respectively (Black children). Conclusions These findings underline the importance of examining SES across childhood ages when assessing nutrition inequalities. Results emphasise the need to consider lean and fat mass as well as BMI when studying SES andbody composition in children.
Rotor trajectory index for transient security assessment using Radial Basis Function Neural Network

With the present trend towards deregulation of electricity, there is increasing need to ensure transient security for existing or forecasted operating conditions of networks at the Energy Management Systems. In this paper, rotor trajectory index (RTI) is proposed for identifying the transient security status of each generator in terms of their synchronism. Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) based method is proposed for Transient Security Assessment (TSA) of power systems. Two different feature selection methods have also been investigated to select the appropriate number of features for neural network training. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated on IEEE 145-bus, 50-generator system at various loading conditions corresponding to single and multiple line outages. The application result shows excellent classification accuracy on unseen load samples and therefore the proposed method may serve as promising tool for online TSA.
Reconfigurable Low Power FIR Filter based on Partitioned Multipliers

This paper presents a low power programmable FIR filter based on partitioned multipliers. Architecture chosen for implementation is conventional direct form. Power efficient techniques like unsigned multiplication and reduction of switching activity are used. Paper presents power, area and speed analysis of the proposed design. FIR Filter is fully parameterized, dynamically programmable and technology independent. Results are presented for 20-tap FIR filter implemented on Xilinx Vertex-II FPGA 2s200fg256-6. Maximum power saving of 48.2% is achieved with an area overhead of 2.08 % only.
A Literature Review on Operator Interface Technologies for Network Enabled Operational Environments Using Complex System Analysis

Abstract : A literature review was conducted to examine existing and potential advanced interface technologies for supervisory control of multiple heterogeneous assets (e.g., UAV swarming) in a NEO environment. These technologies include behavioural-based interface design approaches, physiological-based interface design approaches, and multi-agent interface design and implementation methodologies. The emphasis was on adaptive interfaces and intelligent agent system technologies. An analysis was conducted to compare differences between requirements of a NEO complex environment and currently available technologies. A review on design principles and frameworks for synthetic complex systems was also performed. The results were summarized with pros and cons of different technologies for interface design purposes.
Multilevel inverter neutral-point voltage sensor diagnostic based on the Extended Kalman Filter

A new algorithm for neutral point voltage imbalance estimation in DC link of the three-level (3L) neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI) is proposed. Application of the proposed algorithm does not require any additional sensors. The unbalanced voltage calculation is based on the information derived from the inverter output measured currents and from the knowledge of the load model parameters. In order to estimate the unbalanced voltage Extended Kalman Filter is used to model non-stationary object. Proposed algorithm can be used for sensorless operation without voltage sensor at the neutral point and can be used also for the voltage sensor diagnostic purposes by comparison of the estimated and measured values. Proposed algorithm implementation provides redundancy and improved reliability of the inverter.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Main Features of PCOS as Adapted from the NIH Evidence-Based Methodology Workshop on PCOS

The Penn State University College of Medicine (R.S.L.), Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh (S.A.A), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; University of Chicago (D.A.E.), Chicago, Illinois 60637; University of Rochester Medical Center (K.M.H.), Rochester, New York 14627; Mayo Clinic (M.H.M.), Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, (R.P.), 40126 Bologna, Italy; and Massachusetts General Hospital (C.K.W.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114
Functional localization of brain activity in the Iowa Gambling Task using graph-theoretical methods

Functional connectivity methods, particularly graph-theory methods, are an area of growing interest for researchers interested in network-based neuroimaging approaches. This study attempted to offer another useful extension of graph-theoretical approaches to functional neuroimaging. In particular, the neuroimaging study of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Several task-related brain regions have been found during IGT performance using standard subtraction-based neuroimaging paradigms. However, the identification of a proper baseline for the IGT has complicated the study of task-related activations in the IGT. In this study, two graph-theory methods are offered as an alternative method of functional localization without traditional subtraction assumptions. These methods rely on the consistency of functional groupings of brain areas across time to identify areas in the brain specialized for particular cognitive functions, without the need for a baseline comparison. They are applied to a within-subject fMRI data set consisting of 8 healthy young adults at rest, and performing the IGT and a simple spatial-orienting task. Both methods localized areas in the visual and sensorimotor cortices. Unexpectedly, the Scaled Inclusivity method localized areas of the DMN across both task states in addition to rest. However, permutation tests of the SI maps revealed significant differences in the spatial extent of DMN consistency across all three tasks. The future application of both methods for functional localization, and the functional significance of the DMN during the IGT and other task-states are discussed.