Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chinese Emergency Event Recognition Using Conv-RDBiGRU Model

In view of the weak generalization of traditional event recognition methods, the limitation of dependence on field knowledge of expert, the longer train time of deep neural network, and the problem of gradient dispersion, the neural network joint model, Conv-RDBiGRU, integrated residual structure was proposed. Firstly, text corpus is preprocessed by word segmentation and stop words processing and uses word embedding to form the matrix of word vectors. Then, local semantic features are extracted through convolution operation, and deep context semantic features are extracted through RDBiGRU. Finally, the learned features are activated by softmax function and the recognition results are output. The novelty of work is that we integrate residual structure into recurrent neural network and combine these methods and field of application. The simulation results show that this method improves precision and recall of Chinese emergency event recognition, and the F-value is better than other methods.
An Indoor Screening Method for Improvement of Freezing Tolerance in Alfalfa

Freezing tolerance is a determinant factor of persistence of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in northern climates. Selection for winter hardi- ness in field nurseries is difficult because of the unpredictability of the occurrence of test winters allowing the identification of hardy genotypes. A method of selection entirely performed indoor in growth chambers and walk-in freezers has been applied for the identification of genotypes with superior freezing tolerance. Using that approach, cultivars recommended for growth in eastern Canada have been submitted to cycles of recurrent selection to generate populations potentially more tolerant to freezing (TF). Subsequent determination of the freezing tolerance of populations recurrently selected using plants acclimated to natural hardening conditions in an unheated greenhouse revealed a progressive increase in response to this selection approach. Field assessment of TF populations also showed better survival and forage yield than original cultivars at sites that experienced severe winter conditions. At stressed sites, a significant proportion of the variance in the yields of the populations was explained by freezing tolerance potential. Our results show that major increases in freezing tolerance (between 3 and 5°C) of alfalfa and better survival to severe winter conditions in the field can be achieved by screening for freezing tolerance under indoor growing conditions and intercrossing the selected plants.
PLS-Based Secrecy Transmission for VANETs

Due to the requirement of real time controlling on the vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), the security measure should be fast, lightweight, and strong. In this paper, we investigate the secure communication between the on-board unit and the roadside unit which has strong computing ability to remedy the insufficient computing power of on-board unit. The novel schemes are developed to guarantee both security and energy harvest. Specifically, a muti-antenna roadside unit (PT) conveys a secret message to a muti-antenna primary on-board unit (PR) intercepted by multiple muti-antenna adversaries (Eves). Simultaneously, a secondary roadside unit (ST) adopts simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) strategy to send secret-free data embeded with energy-carrying artificial noise (AN) to its service subscriber (SR), by which secrecy guarantee is provided for the primary on-board unit and the quality of service (QoS) is satisfied, i.e., data traffic and harvested energy. Technically, considering the secondary link's data transmission rate, harvested energy, and transmit power, we propose joint power allocation designs for the nonconvex secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problems under either perfect channel state information (CSI) or norm-bounded channel uncertainty model. Simulation results show that the proposed secondary link-aided secrecy designs can achieve better performance in terms of secrecy rate and energy efficiency.
PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA GEN. ET SP. NOV. (PFIESTERIACEAE FAM. NOV.), A NEW TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE WITH A COMPLEX LIFE CYCLE AND BEHAVIOR 1

The newly described toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida is a polymorphic and multiphasic species with flagellated, amoeboid, and cyst stages. The species is structurally a heterotroph; however, the flagellated stages can have cleptochloroplasts in large food vacuoles and can temporarily function as mixotrophs. The flagellated stage has a typical mesokaryotic nucleus, and the theca is composed of four membranes, two of which are vesicular and contain thin plates arranged in a Kofoidian series of Po, cp, X, 4′, 1a, 5″, 6c, 4s, 5″′, and 2″″. The plate tabulation is unlike that of any other armored dinoflagellate. Nodules often demark the suture lines underneath the outer membrane, but fixation protocols can influence the detection of plates. Amoeboid benthic stages can be filose to lobose, are thecate, and have a reticulate or spiculate appearance. Amoeboid stages have a eukaryotic nuclear profile and are phagocytic. Cyst stages include a small spherical stage with a honeycomb, reticulate surface and possibly another stage that is elongate and oval to spherical with chrysophyte‐like scales that can have long bracts. The species is placed in a new family, Pfiesteriaceae, and the order Dinamoebales is emended.
Contributions of Indonesian Throughflow to eastern Indian Ocean surface variability during ENSO events

The contribution of ocean transport to the transition between the Indian Ocean Dipole mode (IOD) and the Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOB) during El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) years is investigated using reanalysis products. Composite analysis suggests that the IOD–IOB transition is robust among ENSO years, with variations in the eastern Indian Ocean mixed layer playing a key role. Although this transition has typically been attributed to changes in surface heat flux in the eastern Indian Ocean, our results suggest that approximately one third of the mixed layer temperature tendency during the transition results from anomalous ocean heat transport. Enhanced surface heat flux anomalies and oceanic advection starting from October during El Niño developing years combine to warm the eastern Indian Ocean, promoting the decay of the positive IOD cold tongue and the emergence of a positive IOB pattern. The contribution of ocean advection to the IOD—IOB transition is dominated by the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which accounts for around 70–80% of total ocean advection contribution in the southeastern Indian Ocean (20–25% of the total warming tendency). These variations in ITF heat transport arise in large part from local wind anomalies. Southeasterly wind anomalies along the northeastern edge of an anomalous Indian Ocean anticyclone associated with El Niño intensify surface‐layer heat transport into the Indian Ocean in the ITF outflow region. This change in surface transport contrasts with total ITF transport anomalies during El Niño years, as total transport is dominated by negative subsurface transport anomalies.
Orthogonal Recurrent Neural Networks and Batch Normalization in Deep Neural Networks

OF DISSERTATION Orthogonal Recurrent Neural Networks and Batch Normalization in Deep Neural Networks Despite the recent success of various machine learning techniques, there are still numerous obstacles that must be overcome. One obstacle is known as the vanishing/exploding gradient problem. This problem refers to gradients that either become zero or unbounded. This is a well known problem that commonly occurs in Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). In this work we describe how this problem can be mitigated, establish three different architectures that are designed to avoid this issue, and derive update schemes for each architecture. Another portion of this work focuses on the often used technique of batch normalization. Although found to be successful in decreasing training times and in preventing overfitting, it is still unknown why this technique works. In this paper we describe batch normalization and provide a potential alternative with the end goal of improving our understanding of how batch normalization works.
Adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode control of cable-driven manipulators with time delay estimation

ABSTRACT For accurate position tracking control of cable – driven manipulators under heavy lumped uncertainties, a novel adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode (ANTSM) control scheme using time delay estimation (TDE) is proposed and investigated in this paper. Thanks to the TDE technique, which uses the time-delayed states of the system to properly estimate and compensate the lumped complex system dynamics, the proposed controller is model-free and suitable for practical applications. Moreover, high precision and fast convergence and good robustness against lumped disturbance can be effectively obtained using the NTSM manifold and combined adaptive reaching law. Stability of the closed-loop control system is analysed using Lyapunov theory. Comparative numerical simulations and experimental studies were performed. Corresponding results effectively demonstrate the superiorities of the newly proposed controller over the existing TDE-based NTSM and CNTSM controllers under several classical cases.
Quality of Service Constrained-Resource Allocation Scheme for Multiple Target Tracking in Radar Sensor Network

In this article, a quality of service constrained-resource allocation (QoSC-RA) scheme is built for multiple target tracking (MTT) in radar sensor network. This QoSC-RA scheme can not only divide radar sensors into several groups to illuminate multiple targets separately but also optimize the transmit resource of the radar sensors in different groups. In such a case, we can minimize the total resource consumption of a radar sensor network while achieving the desired MTT accuracy. The QoSC-RA scheme is formulated as a mathematical optimization problem and is shown to possess two sets of conflict constraints (the QoS constraints and the resource constraints). When the problem is feasible, we analyze its optimality based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions and subsequently design appropriate solution methods to solve it efficiently. When the problem is infeasible, we relax it as a feasible one by enlarging its feasible domain and use a gradient projection method to achieve a compromise solution. Simulation results demonstrate that the QoSC-RA process can achieve predetermined MTT performance with smaller resource consumption than the uniform allocation scheme.
Employing qualitative research interviews to understand urban forestry stakeholder continuing education needs

ABSTRACT To build deeper knowledge regarding urban forestry issues and familiarity with programming audiences, a multi-year needs-assessment was conducted by initiating qualitative stakeholder research interviews with professional urban foresters (i.e., tree wardens) and volunteer urban tree committee chairs. An objective of this exercise was to inform the implementation of relevant university-based continuing education (i.e., extension) opportunities, that led to the development of deliverables that included online urban forestry programming, the initiation of an urban tree committee census, and the development of a street tree selection guide. Findings indicate that qualitative stakeholder research interviews are a reliable needs assessment methodology and have widespread applicability among education professionals.
Two-Stage Coded Modulation for Hurwitz Constellations in Fiber-Optical Communications

Four-dimensional signal constellations based on the checkerboard lattice <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{D}_4$</tex-math></inline-formula> offer a <italic>packing gain</italic> over conventional QAM constellations per polarization. Due to the increased number of nearest neighbors such power-efficient 4D formats cannot be Gray-labeled and bit-interleaved coded modulation results in a considerable performance loss. Instead, a suited coded-modulation scheme must be tailored to the properties of the underlying signal lattice. We apply a low-complexity two-stage coded-modulation scheme for constellations based on the set of Hurwitz integers, an isomorphic representation of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{D}_4$</tex-math></inline-formula> lattice. The proposed signaling scheme is evaluated in numerical simulations and fiber-optical system experiments. The performance is compared to a reference implementation using square QAM formats as proposed in the current 400ZR standardization activities. We demonstrate a 0.8 dB gain in required OSNR of the 512-ary Hurwitz constellation over dual-polarization 16-QAM (with 256 signal points in 4D) at the same symbol and bit rate. Additional numerical and experimental results show the potential for applications in the long-haul as well as the short-reach regime.
Differences in composition of macroinvertebrate communities with invasive and native Gammarus spp. (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

SUMMARY 1. Assessing the effects on communities of invasive species is often confounded by environmental factors. In Irish rivers, the introduced amphipod Gammarus pulex replaces the native G. duebeni celticus in lowland stretches. The two amphipods are associated with different macroinvertebrate communities, which may in part be the result of natural longitudinal physicochemical change. However, this hinders assessment of any direct community impacts of the invasive as compared with the native species. Here, we report on a fortuitous circumstance that allowed us to uncouple the community effects of Gammarus species from environmental differences. 2. The lowland stretch of the River Lissan is dissected by a weir, which has slowed the upstream invasion by G. pulex. We took physicochemical measurements and macroinvertebrate samples from three contiguous 150 m reaches of this stretch with G. pulex only, mixed Gammarus and G. d. celticus only communities. 3. We found no biologically significant differences in physicochemistry among the three reaches. Overall invertebrate densities did not differ among reaches. However, G. pulex numerically dominated its reach, whilst G. d. celticus abundance was relatively low in its reach. The G. pulex reach had significantly higher overall biomass because of high invader abundance. In addition, both diversity and species richness of macroinvertebrate communities were lower in the G. pulex than the G. d. celticus reach, with the mixed Gammarus reach intermediate. 4. Ordination indicated distinctly different associations of invertebrate community samples and taxa that were best explained by the distributions of the Gammarus species. Again, the mixed Gammarus species samples were intermediate. 5. This study indicates that the invasive G. pulex has a greater impact on macroinvertebrate community composition than the native G. d. celticus, probably through biotic interactions such as predation.
Microsatellite markers reveal population structure in gilthead sea bream Sparus auratus from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

: This study was carried out to investigate the genetic variability and the population genetics of Sparus auratus. In fact, despite its importance in Mediterranean fisheries and aquaculture, very little it is known concerning its population structure. Samples of wild gilthead sea bream were collected in seven different localities along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts and were genetically characterized by means of microsatellite markers. Genotyping at four microsatellite loci revealed high polymorphism (7–38 alleles/locus) and expected heterozygosities, which ranged from 0.80 to 0.85. A slight but significant population structure was found (FST = 0.010). In fact, at least three populations of gilthead sea bream within the Western Mediterranean Sea were identified (Sardinian Sea, Sardinian Channel and Central Tyrrhenian Sea), which are also genetically differentiated from those of the Atlantic Ocean and the Adriatic Sea.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of distiller's dry grain and solubles (DDGS) using ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment

Approximately 4 billion gallons of fuel ethanol was produced in 2005 in the United States, mostly from corn grain, and production is expected to continue to increase in the future. The major coproduct is distiller's dry grain and solubles (DDGS), which is sold as an animal feed. The increase in DDGS supply is expected to drive its value down, and thus, further value addition is necessary. One approach is to convert the cellulose in DDGS into sugars for increased ethanol production, leaving a residue higher in protein content. In this work, the effect of ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of both wet and dry DDGS was studied. Hydrolysis of AFEX treated samples gave 190 g glucose/kg dry biomass, or virtually complete conversion of cellulose after 72 h. Optimal AFEX conditions for dry and wet DDGS were 70° C and 0.8 kg anhydrous NH3/kg dry biomass and 80° C and 0.6 kg NH3/kg dry biomass, respectively. Xylose yields were negligible.
North Indian Ocean Circulation Since the Last Deglaciation as Inferred From New Elemental Ratio Records for Benthic Foraminifera Hoeglundina elegans

The evolution of intermediate circulation in the northern Indian Ocean since the last deglaciation has been reconstructed from two marine cores located at intermediate depths off the southern tip of India (MD77‐191) and in the northern Bay of Bengal (BoB) (MD77‐176). Benthic foraminiferal δ13C, seawater carbonate ion concentration ([CO32−]) estimated from the Sr/Ca, and paleotemperature reconstructed on the basis of the Mg/Li of aragonite benthic species Hoeglundina elegans were used to trace the evolution of past intermediate‐deepwater masses and to constrain ocean‐atmosphere exchanges during the two‐stage increase in atmospheric CO2 across the last deglaciation. The intermediate water [CO32−] was mainly affected by changes in the ocean alkalinity inventory, associated with the modulation of atmospheric CO2 on glacial‐interglacial timescales. Higher benthic foraminiferal δ13C, depleted [CO32−], and decreased benthic‐planktonic 14C age offsets at intermediate water depths suggest a release of deep‐sea CO2 to the atmosphere through the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the Southern Ocean during the 17–15.2 and 12.6–10.5 cal kyr BP time intervals. In addition, the decreased H. elegans Mg/Li record seems to reflect an increased contribution of cold water mass during the 17–15.2 and 12.6–11.9 cal kyr BP intervals and throughout the Holocene. In contrast, two warm events occurred in the 15–13.3 and 11–10.3 cal kyr BP time intervals. During the late Holocene, a decrease in the intermediate water [CO32−] indicates a contribution to atmospheric CO2 rise since 8 cal kyr BP, due to the depleted global ocean alkalinity and/or the variations in surface productivity (at least for MD77‐191).
Subgrouping of bacterial populations by cellular fatty acid composition

The cellular fatty acid composition of six bacterial species isolated from the seeds and leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and from soil were analysed. The quantitative data from the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles were highly reproducible. Numerical analysis of Xanthomonas maltophilia. FAME profiles sub-grouped strains according to when they were isolated in the growing season. The analytical method used was sensitive enough to differentiate strains of Klebsiella terrigena isolated from either soil or leaves. The results from this study confirm reports that analyses of bacterial FAME composition were rapid to perform, specific and allowed differentiation of strains within the same species.
A protocol for primary isolation and culture of adipose-derived stem cells and their phenotypic profile

ABSTRACT Background: Adipose tissue (AT) is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), however, there is no standardized protocol for stem cell isolation and culture. This leads to inconsistency of the results and limits the comparison of the data from different laboratories. Our aim was to provide an applied protocol for ASCS isolation and expansion, study the cell behavior and define their cellular surface markers. ASCs were cultured from both resected adipose tissue (RAT) obtained following abdominoplasty or breast reduction and lipoaspirates (LPA) following laser-free liposuction. Method: the protocol entailed coculturing of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) with RAT as raw pieces using DMEM medium with varying glucose concentration. The coculture protocol aimed to mimic the normal physiological conditions required for cell growth. ASCs were immunophenotyped to define their MSCs surface markers by flowcytometry. Results: ASCs were isolated from coculturing RAT with SVF with fibroblast-like adherent cells morphology. The ASCs yield isolated from LPA was significantly greater than from RAT on day 14 and 28 (p = 0.002, <0.001, respectively). Significant increase in ASCs proliferation rate was detected when ASCs were cultured under high glucose (4.5 g/L) compared to low glucose (1 g/L) condition on day 7 and 14 (p = 0.04, 0.015, respectively). ASCs isolated from both protocols were positive for CD34, CD49d, CD73, CD90 and CD105 and negative for CD3, CD14, CD19, CD45 and HLA-DR. Conclusion: We concluded that the cells harvested by our protocol were ASCs. Hence, our method can be an efficient isolation tool to obtain primary ASCs under culture conditions mimicking normal physiological status. This will help in providing ASCs which can be similar to cells in human tissue for further study.
Molecular characterization of phosphate solubilizing fungi Aspergillus niger and its correlation to sustainable agriculture

All Aspergillus niger isolates showed 96–100% similarity to A. niger strains available at GenBank database, Isolate ASAB-5 was most efficient at solubilizing -1 phosphate on Pikovskaya’s medium, with a solubilization index of 2.67, and 235.22 mg l of solubilized phosphate. ISSR-PCR markers revealed is total 142 bands in all isolates, with about 32.3% showing monomorphism and 67.6% polymorphism. Based on genetic similarity and intraspecies variability, the Aspergillus isolates were grouped into two different clusters with about 67.9% genetic similarity. The results of field experiments showed no significant difference between seeds treated with culture filtrate or conidial suspension of ASAB-5; however, both differed remarkably from untreated seeds.
Compressibility and the Reality of Patterns

Daniel Dennett distinguishes real patterns from bogus patterns by appeal to compressibility. As information theorists have shown, data are compressible if and only if those data exhibit a pattern. Noting that high-level models are much simpler than their low-level counterparts, Dennett interprets high-level models as compressed representations of the fine-grained behavior of their target system. As such, he argues that high-level models depend on patterns in this behavior. Unfortunately, data scientific practice complicates Dennett’s interpretation, undermining the traditional justification for real patterns and suggesting a revised research program for its defenders.