Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Problematic use of digital media in children and adolescents with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to controls. A meta-analysis

Abstract Objective Problematic use of digital media and problematic use of the internet (PUI) in particular are growing problems in the general population. Moreover, studies have shown links between PUI and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This meta-analysis investigated whether children and adolescents with ADHD are more often affected by PUI compared to control groups. Method Multiple databases (EBSCOhost, Pubmed) were reviewed. Studies were eligible if individuals (aged 6–18 years) were diagnosed with ADHD, assessed on PUI-related measures, and compared to non-clinical or/and clinical controls without a diagnosis of ADHD. Out of 3,859 identified studies, 14 studies assessing 2,488 participants met all inclusion criteria. Four meta-analyses examining time-based and scale-based measures, different informants and non-clinical vs. clinical controls using random-effects models were performed. Funnel plots were used to investigate publication bias. Results The analyses revealed significantly more severe PUI in individuals with ADHD compared to controls, both when PUI was assessed via rating scale (scaled-based) and via units for time (time-based measures). Different informants (self- vs. parent-rating) had no impact on results. Differences in PUI between groups with ADHD and non-clinical controls were significant, whereas differences between ADHD and clinical controls were not. Due to the high heterogeneity observed and the small sample sizes, these latter findings should be interpreted cautiously. Conclusion Children and adolescents with ADHD show more severe PUI compared to non-clinical controls without ADHD. However, the small number of studies does not allow for a systematic comparison between ADHD and groups with other psychopathologies.
Differential distribution of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variants and its expression in systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder that displays an important genetic background. Vitamin D3 (VD3) through its receptor (VDR) plays an important immunomodulatory role in autoimmune misbalance, being capable of modulating immune responses. Genetic alterations in VDR gene may contribute to an altered risk in SLE development and clinical manifestations. We investigated VDR SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) frequencies in 128 SLE patients and 138 healthy controls (HC) and mRNA differential expression in 29 patients and 17 HC regarding SLE susceptibility as well as clinical features. We observed that rs11168268 G allele (OR = 1.55, p = .01) and G/G genotype (OR = 2.69, p = .008) were associated with increased SLE susceptibility. The rs2248098 G allele and A/G and G/G genotypes were associated to lower SLE susceptibility (OR = 0.66, p = .01; OR = 0.46, p = .01; OR = 0.44, p = .02, respectively). Regarding clinical features, we observed lower risk for: rs11168268 A/G genotype and nephritis (OR = 0.31, p = .01); rs4760648 T/T genotype and photosensitivity (OR = 0.24, p = .02); rs1540339 T/T genotype and antibody anti‐dsDNA (OR = 0.19, p = .015); rs3890733 T/T genotype and serositis (OR = 0.10, p = .01). We identified a significant downregulation in VDR expression levels when compared patients and controls overall (p = 1.04e–7), in Cdx‐2 A/G and G/G (p = .008 and p = .014, respectively) and in patients with nephritis (p = .016)
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma with DUSP22‐IRF4 rearrangement demonstrating a biphasic histopathologic pattern and a complete natural regression

Dear Editor, A 63yearold Japanese male presented with a 13 × 11 mmsized, red nodule with crust on the left lower eyelid (Figure 1a), which was first noted a month before. Dermoscopy revealed a white network. Two fleshcolored nodules with 17 to 18 mm in diameter have appeared successively in the scrotum (Figure 1b). Punch biopsies were performed from the left lower eyelid, and later done from one nodule on the scrotum. The nodule on the left lower
RTL1/PEG11 imprinted in human and mouse brain mediates anxiety-like and social behaviors and regulates neuronal excitability in the locus coeruleus

Abstract RTL1/PEG11, which has been associated with anxiety disorders, is a retrotransposon-derived imprinted gene in the placenta. However, imprinting patterns and functions of RTL1 in the brain have not been well-investigated. We found Rtl1 was paternally, but not maternally, expressed in brain stem, thalamus, and hypothalamus of mice, and imprinting status of RTL1 was maintained in human brain. Paternal Rtl1 knockout (Rtl1m+/p-) mice had higher neonatal death rates due to impaired suckling, and low body weights beginning on embryonic day 16.5. High paternal expression of Rtl1 was detected in the locus coeruleus (LC) and Rtl1m+/p- mice showed an increased delay in time of onset for action potentials and inward currents with decreased neuronal excitability of LC neurons. Importantly, Rtl1m+/p- mice exhibited behaviors associated with anxiety, depression, fear-related learning and memory, social dominance, and low locomotor activity. Taken together, our findings demonstrate RTL1 is imprinted in brain, mediates emotional and social behaviors, and regulates excitability in LC neurons.
High Gradient Testing of the Five-cell Superconducting RF Module with a PBG Coupler Cell

Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) accelerating structures allow high-gradient operation in continuous-wave mode. These machines can be limited by beam-breakup instability at high currents because higher-order modes with very high Q factors are easily excited by the beam. Photonic band gap (PBG) structures provide a way to strongly damp higher-order modes without compromising the performance of the structure in the fundamental mode. We first address the design of the structure and issues that arise from incorporating a complex PBG cell into an SRF module. In particular, the module was tuned to have uneven accelerating gradient profile in order to provide equal peak surface magnetic field in every cell. We then cover the fabrication steps and surface treatment of the five-cell niobium structure and report results of the high gradient tests at temperatures of 4 K and 2 K.
Patient and procedure selection for mechanical thrombectomy: Toward personalized medicine and the role of artificial intelligence

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion is standard of care. Evidence‐based guidelines on eligibility for MT have been outlined and evidence to extend the treatment benefit to more patients, particularly those at the extreme ends of a stroke clinical severity spectrum, is currently awaited. As patient selection continues to be explored, there is growing focus on procedure selection including the tools and techniques of thrombectomy and associated outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been instrumental in the area of patient selection for MT with a role in diagnosis and delivery of acute stroke care. Machine learning algorithms have been developed to detect cerebral ischemia and early infarct core, presence of large vessel occlusion, and perfusion deficit in acute ischemic stroke. Several available deep learning AI applications provide ready visualization and interpretation of cervical and cerebral arteries. Further enhancement of AI techniques to potentially include automated vessel probe tools in suspected large vessel occlusions is proposed. Value of AI may be extended to assist in procedure selection including both the tools and technique of thrombectomy. Delivering personalized medicine is the wave of the future and tailoring the MT treatment to a stroke patient is in line with this trend.
An exploratory application of machine learning methods to optimize prediction of responsiveness to digital interventions for eating disorder symptoms

Abstract Objective Digital interventions show promise to address eating disorder (ED) symptoms. However, response rates are variable, and the ability to predict responsiveness to digital interventions has been poor. We tested whether machine learning (ML) techniques can enhance outcome predictions from digital interventions for ED symptoms. Method Data were aggregated from three RCTs (n = 826) of self‐guided digital interventions for EDs. Predictive models were developed for four key outcomes: uptake, adherence, drop‐out, and symptom‐level change. Seven ML techniques for classification were tested and compared against the generalized linear model (GLM). Results The seven ML methods used to predict outcomes from 36 baseline variables were poor for the three engagement outcomes (AUCs = 0.48–0.52), but adequate for symptom‐level change (R 2 = .15–.40). ML did not offer an added benefit to the GLM. Incorporating intervention usage pattern data improved ML prediction accuracy for drop‐out (AUC = 0.75–0.93) and adherence (AUC = 0.92–0.99). Age, motivation, symptom severity, and anxiety emerged as influential outcome predictors. Conclusion A limited set of routinely measured baseline variables was not sufficient to detect a performance benefit of ML over traditional approaches. The benefits of ML may emerge when numerous usage pattern variables are modeled, although this validation in larger datasets before stronger conclusions can be made.
Targeted base editing in the mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis thaliana

Significance The mitochondrial genomes of land plants encode genes for cellular energy production and agriculturally important traits, but modification of the genomes is still difficult. Targeted base editing is one of the best ways to modify genes and intergenic regions and thus understand their functions, without drastically changing genome structure. In this study, we succeeded in creating plantlets of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, in which all of the many copies of the mitochondrial genomes in each cell had a targeted C:G base pair converted to a T:A pair. Introduced mutations were stably inherited by the next generation. This method will help to unravel the mysteries of plant mitochondrial genomes and may also serve as a basis for increasing crop yields.
Prevalence, characteristics, and mortality of patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in the Nordic countries

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) is a progressive condition caused by deposition of transthyretin amyloid fibrils in the heart and is associated with poor quality of life and a shortened lifespan. This study aimed to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and mortality of patients with ATTR‐CM, using multiple national health registers in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.
Do positive memory characteristics influence daily-level trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms? an exploratory daily diary study

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Evidence links posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with positive memory characteristics. To extend this research, we utilized daily diary data to examine (1) concurrent/lagged associations between daily PTSD symptom severity and positive memory vividness/accessibility; and (2) associations between baseline-assessed positive memory characteristics and changes in PTSD symptom severity over time. Design and Methods A sample of 238 trauma-exposed participants (M age = 21.19 years; 86% women) completed baseline and 10 daily measures of PTSD symptoms and positive memory characteristics. Multilevel models covaried for gender, number of trauma types, and number of completed surveys. Results Days with greater PTSD symptom severity than an individual’s average associated with less vividness (b = −0.02, p < .001) and accessibility (b = −0.02, p < .001) of the positive memory on the same day. Days with greater positive memory vividness (b = −1.06, p < .001) and accessibility (b = −0.93, p < .001) than an individual’s average associated with less PTSD symptom severity on the same day. There were no significant lagged associations between these constructs. There were significant interactions between baseline-assessed psychological distance and time (b = −0.04, p = .042) and between baseline-assessed visual perspective and time (b = 0.05, p = .023) on PTSD symptom severity across days. Conclusions Findings inform positive memory intervention targets for PTSD and provide impetus for longitudinal investigations on their inter-relations.
Reduced All‐Cause Mortality With Bisphosphonates Among Post‐Fracture Osteoporosis Patients: A Nationwide Study and Systematic Review

We assessed the survival outcomes associated with real‐world bisphosphonate use, stratified by fracture site, type, administration, and duration of treatment, among patients with osteoporosis. A systematic review that incorporates our findings was conducted to provide up‐to‐date evidence on survival outcomes with bisphosphonate treatment in real‐world settings. Patients diagnosed with osteoporosis who had been hospitalized for major fractures were identified from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database 2008–2017 and followed until 2018. There were 24,390 new bisphosphonate users who were classified and compared with 76,725 nonusers of anti‐osteoporosis medications in terms of survival outcomes using Cox model analysis. An inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox model and landmark analyses for minimizing immortal time bias were also performed. Bisphosphonate users vs. nonusers had a significantly lower mortality risk, regardless of fracture site (hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for patients with any major fracture, hip fracture, and vertebral fracture: 0.90 (0.88, 0.93), 0.83 (0.80, 0.86), and 0.86 (0.82, 0.89), respectively). Compared with nonuse, zoledronic acid (0.77 (0.73, 0.82)) was associated with the lowest mortality, followed by ibandronate (0.85 (0.78, 0.93)) and alendronate/risedronate (0.93 (0.91, 0.96)). Using bisphosphonates for ≥ 3 years had lower mortality (0.60 (0.53, 0.67)) than using bisphosphonates for < 3 years (0.98 (0.95, 1.01)). Intravenous bisphosphonates had a lower mortality than that of oral bisphosphonates. Our results are consistent with the systematic review findings among real‐world populations. In conclusion, bisphosphonate use, especially persistence to intravenous bisphosphonates (e.g., zoledronic acid), may reduce post‐fracture mortality among patients with osteoporosis, particularly those with hip/vertebral fractures. This supports the rational use of bisphosphonates in post‐fracture care.
The curative effect of Shenfu-injection in the treatment of burn sepsis and its effect on the patient's immune function, HMGB, and vWF.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the immune regulatory effect of Shenfu-Injection (SFI) on patients with burn-injured sepsis by monitoring the serum level of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF). METHODS In this retrospective study, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, Marshall score, peripheral blood T lymphocyte count, and NK cell concentration, levels of cytokines such as HMGB-1, and vWF in peripheral blood before and after treatment in patients from the control group (convention treatments, n=51) and the observation group (convention treatments plus SFI treatment, n=57) were analyzed. The prognosis of the two groups of patients at 28 days was analyzed and compared. RESULTS After treatment, APACHE II score, Marshall score, IL-6, CPR, HMGB-1, and vWF in patients from the two groups decreased greatly when compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05). The APACHE II score, Marshall score, IL-6, CPR, HMGB-1, and vWF in the group for observation were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in the control group. Concentrations of CD3+, CD4+, and NK cells in these two groups after 7 days of treatment were greatly higher than those before the treatment (P<0.05). Concentrations of CD3+, CD4+, and NK cells in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of mortality between these two groups after 28 days (P<0.05). The average survival time of the non-survivors in the observation group was significantly longer than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION SFI can effectively improve the immunity of patients with burn-injured sepsis, reduce the expression of cytokines such as HMGB and vWF, and is of great help for the improvement of clinical prognosis.
Seasonal variation in water use for hygiene in Oromia, Ethiopia, and its implications for trachoma control: An intensive observational study

If facial hygiene practices vary seasonally this could have important implications for the design of interventions for trachoma control. This observational study was conducted to explore seasonal variation in hygiene behaviours in 9 households with at least one child aged 1–9 years-of-age in the West Arsi zone in rural Oromia, Ethiopia. Sixty-one household members were observed intensively over two days in the dry season (January), the rainy season (July) and during the harvest period (October) in 2018. Structured record forms were used to document household water availability and use. Daily water use per capita was very low in all seasons (3.1–4.2 litres). Around one third of water consumed in households in all seasons was associated with body washing. Soap was used during 44 of 677 (6%) of these observed occasions and half of all body washes (n = 340; 50%) included face washing. Overall, 95% of 58 individuals washed their faces at least once between 06:30h and 21:30h in the dry season (21% with soap), compared with 79% in the rainy season (2% with soap) (p = 0.013). Sixty-five percent of householders washed their faces during the harvest observation period (06:30h to 17:30h), none of whom used soap. Twenty-eight percent of 204 children aged 11 and under still had ocular or nasal discharge on their faces after washing. Seventy-three percent of those who washed their faces did so more than once in the dry season, compared with 33% in the rainy season (p<0.001). Face washing occurred throughout the day during the dry season, with a clear peak in the early morning and extra washes in the early evening. Face washing mainly took place in the early morning in the other two seasons. Genuine water scarcity in this area is likely to limit the impact of face washing interventions for trachoma control in the absence of water supply interventions. However, face washing was most common at the time of year when water is the hardest to come by, and seasonal differences in behaviour should be considered in any resulting intervention design.
Fit-for-purpose project controls

Project controls are commonly understood in literature as the set of activities with capacity to assess and steer different variables towards a common purpose. Particularly in unique and complex conditions, it is crucial to understand how project controls contribute to project success, which is defined in literature through success factors and success criteria. This research project attempts to establish the relations between project controls and project success based on theoretical findings. Following a desk research approach, theoretical and practitioners-based frameworks were investigated and analysed regarding their respective control activities. The analysis determines the contribution of each control activity to project success and, based on comparison and matching of results, proposes a redefinition and re-clustering of the most important control activities in a new framework. The result is a framework composed of 98 project controls clustered in 8 control areas, namely Planning, Governance, Accountability, Performance, Outcomes, Solution, Uncertainty and Stakeholders. In order to better understand the applicability of the new framework across industries, three interviews were conducted with practitioners. Since the results from the interviews have not provided a strong level of assurance on the applicability of the new framework, an improvement is suggested based on the re-clustering of project controls. The new framework is intended as a contribution to existing theories on project control and may be used for future investigation.
EDCompress: Energy-Aware Model Compression for Dataflows

Edge devices demand low energy consumption, cost, and small form factor. To efficiently deploy convolutional neural network (CNN) models on the edge device, energy-aware model compression becomes extremely important. However, existing work did not study this problem well because of the lack of considering the diversity of dataflow types in hardware architectures. In this article, we propose EDCompress (EDC), an energy-aware model compression method for various dataflows. It can effectively reduce the energy consumption of various edge devices, with different dataflow types. Considering the very nature of model compression procedures, we recast the optimization process to a multistep problem and solve it by reinforcement learning algorithms. We also propose a multidimensional multistep (MDMS) optimization method, which shows higher compressing capability than the traditional multistep method. Experiments show that EDC could improve <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$17\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$26\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> energy efficiency in VGG-16, MobileNet, and LeNet-5 networks, respectively, with negligible loss of accuracy. EDC could also indicate the optimal dataflow type for specific neural networks in terms of energy consumption, which can guide the deployment of CNN on hardware.
How to prioritize species recovery after a megafire

Due to climate change, megafires are increasingly common and have sudden, extensive impacts on many species over vast areas, leaving decision makers uncertain about how best to prioritize recovery. We devised a decision‐support framework to prioritize conservation actions to improve species outcomes immediately after a megafire. Complementary locations are selected to extend recovery actions across all fire‐affected species’ habitats. We applied our method to areas burned in the 2019−2020 Australian megafires and assessed its conservation advantages by comparing our results with outcomes of a site‐richness approach (i.e., identifying areas that cost‐effectively recover the most species in any one location). We found that 290 threatened species were likely severely affected and will require immediate conservation action to prevent population declines and possible extirpation. We identified 179 subregions, mostly in southeastern Australia, that are key locations to extend actions that benefit multiple species. Cost savings were over AU$300 million to reduce 95% of threats across all species. Our complementarity‐based prioritization also spread postfire management actions across a wider proportion of the study area compared with the site‐richness method (43% vs. 37% of the landscape managed, respectively) and put more of each species’ range under management (average 90% vs. 79% of every species’ habitat managed). In addition to wildfire response, our framework can be used to prioritize conservation actions that will best mitigate threats affecting species following other extreme environmental events (e.g., floods and drought).
Systematic Review of CT Angiography in Guiding Management in Pediatric Oropharyngeal Trauma

Pediatric oropharyngeal trauma is common. Although most cases resolve uneventfully, there have been reports of internal carotid artery injury leading to devastating neurovascular sequelae. There is significant controversy regarding the utility of CT angiography (CTA) in children with seemingly minor oropharyngeal trauma. The goal of this study was to appraise changes in diagnosis and treatment based on CTA results.