Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospects of higher medical education in Ukraine in the age of reforms

The implementation of the latest medical reforms requires the synchronization of the system of training and education of medical education with the reform processes in the health care system. Objective — analysis of promising areas of development and improvement of higher medical education in Ukraine and possible ways to implement them in the framework of reforms of practical health care and medical education. Materials and methods. The principles of the strategy «Development of medical education in Ukraine» and the data of available domestic and foreign publications that contain information on possible ways to improve higher medical education were analyzed. Results and discussion. According to the Strategy for the Development of Medical Education in Ukraine, patients are the main value of the medical system, so they should receive high quality services, which can be achieved only with the perfect development of practical skills by future physicians. One of the mechanisms for achieving professional technique of practical skills may be the usage of simulation learning technologies, as it was introduced at the Bukovina State Medical University, along with increasing the number of practical hours for clinical disciplines.To achieve high professionalism and ethics of future physicians, teachers must teach medical students to master the skills of quality search for the most relevant information and ways to improve their professional skills, to form a base of ethical principles of the doctor.With the rapid development of innovative technologies and evidence­based medicine, teachers need to constantly monitor, process and communicate to students only the latest information, in turn, every future doctor should be as interested as possible not only domestic but also global innovations in medicine.Due to the current requirements for the medical labor market, it is reasonable to select only highly motivated students for higher education, who will meet the latest requirements for certification of students and form a strong market for competitive medical knowledge and skills.Conclusions. The process of reforming the medical sector in Ukraine requires a change in many approaches to the organization of the educational process and the quality of medical education. This is a complex process, the implementation of which is possible only with the joint participation of state mechanisms for financing, organizing and controlling the educational process, as well as the direct participation and hard work of educational institutions that train medical professionals.
Rescaling urban development policy in the EU: the impact of integrated place-based approaches in Cohesion Policy

ABSTRACT This article investigates the role of European Union (EU) Cohesion Policy in urban development policy rescaling following the introduction of a strengthened regulatory framework for integrated territorial development in 2014–20. We find variations in the rescaling of sustainable urban development policies in the Netherlands, Poland and Spain shaped by domestic politics, path dependence and institutional capacity. The theoretical implication is that the European Commission’s focus on a functional rationale for urban rescaling encounters political, policy and institutional constraints, which raises questions about the EU’s capacity to shape rescaling dynamics and the need for more flexible approaches to achieve EU goals.
Young Person–to–Mother Violence: An Integrative Review of Evidence from Australia and New Zealand

ABSTRACT Mothers are consistently reported as a victim of violence or abuse from a child at higher rates than fathers. Despite this, the safety implications and impact this violence has on mothers continue to be obscured within research and policy frameworks, due to a generic focus being placed on “parents” as victims. This review employed a mixed-methods integrative review methodology to examine Australian and New Zealand research relating to young persons’ violence towards their mother. Six themes were extracted, which included mothers being the common target of violence from a child; mothers experiencing both partner and child domestic violence victimisation; mothers experiencing blame, maternal guilt and loyalty; access to formal support; mothers being responsible for arranging treatment for their abusive child; and mothers contacting the police as a last resort. The findings highlight a need for further research examining the pathways to violence utilising multiagency, longitudinal data for both a mother and her child. IMPLICATIONS Clearly labelling a young person’s violence towards their mother may help break down the shame, guilt and fear mothers report and their reluctance to seek help. Early intervention programs, one of which has a clear joint mother-and-child focus and others which have separate mother and child foci, are needed. Multidisciplinary research that incorporates information and experiences of mothers and children across multiple longitudinal data sources is needed to examine trajectories towards violence and impacts for both mothers and their children.
Grain‐Size Distribution and Propagation Effects on Seismic Signals Generated by Bedload Transport

Bedload transport is a key process in fluvial morphodynamics, but difficult to measure. The advent of seismic monitoring techniques has provided an alternative to in‐stream monitoring, which is often costly and cannot be utilized during large floods. Seismic monitoring is a method requiring several steps to convert seismic data into bedload flux data. State‐of‐the‐art conversion approaches exploit physical models predicting the seismic signal generated by bedload transport. However, due to a lack of well‐constrained validation data, the accuracy of the resulting inversions is unknown. We use field experiments to constrain a seismic bedload model and compare the results to high‐quality independent bedload measurements. Constraining the Green's function (i.e., seismic ground properties) with an active seismic survey resulted in an average absolute difference between modeled and empirically measured seismic bedload power of 11 dB in the relevant frequency band. Using generically estimated Green's function parameters resulted in a difference of 20 dB, thus highlighting the importance of using actual field parameters. Water turbulence and grain hiding are unlikely to be the cause of differences between field observations and our analysis. Rather, they may be either due to the inverted model being particularly sensitive to the coarse tail of the grain‐size distribution, which is least well constrained from field observations, or due to the seismic model underestimating effects of the largest grains.
Deconstructing African Development from Neo-liberalism, Ubuntu Ethics and African Socialism to Dignified Humanness

This paper argues that there is a need to reconstruct a new paradigm for poverty policy planning in Africa because Neo-liberalism, Ubuntu ethics and African Socialism as proposed paradigms for Africa’s development are untenable. This is so because the above trio are sexist, androcentric and oblivious to structural injustices that feminize poverty in Africa. The paper further argues that even in the Western world, the neo-liberal GDP metric has been challenged and the search for alternative development indicators and paradigms is on. In addition, there is a fully fledged post-neo-liberalism movement in Latin America and a de-growth and post-growth social movement in the West against neo-liberalism and its nebulous economic growth understanding of wellbeing. The paper contends that Africa cannot afford to remain aloof to all these developments. There is therefore a need to develop Pan African paradigms to articulate an endogenous perspective to African development. The paper thus advocates for the Dignified Humanness Paradigm (DHP) as an alternative to neo-liberalism, Ubuntu ethics and African Socialism. The paper also surmises that the actualization of the DHP requires an immediate awakening of the Pan African Moral Consciousness since this will militate on decolonization of the African mind from the amoral neo-liberal economism.
Informing drought mitigation policy by estimating the value of water for crop production

Farmers use irrigation to mitigate drought risk and reduce yield uncertainty. A clear understanding of the monetary value of irrigation water and how it varies across time and space can help to inform farmers and policymakers about the potential impacts of water shortages and reduce uncertainty in decision making. Here, we introduce a framework for understanding the economic value of water used to produce corn in the central High Plains region during the period 2010–2017. Our analysis uses publicly available data for corn price and for irrigated and non-irrigated yields and incorporates irrigation requirement adjustments to account for the hydrologic balance. The findings suggest that the per unit value of irrigation water is highest not during severe droughts and not in more arid areas of the study region, but rather when and where irrigation can make the largest improvements to average crop productivity. Policy changes informed by these results might help to mitigate the impacts of future droughts on agriculture, especially in areas where climate change may lead to large increases in supplemental irrigation.
Diversity in Phenotypic Traits and Mineral Elements of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Genotypes

African indigenous vegetables need to be improved for yield and nutrient enhancement. This can initially be done through germplasm characterization to know the pattern of genetic diversity for germplasm collection, conservation, and plant breeding programme. This research work was carried out to elucidate the diversity present in forty genotypes of okra in Nigeria as regards their qualitative and quantitative traits together with their mineral elements using cluster analysis and principal component analysis so as to help breeders in crop improvement programmes to select appropriate parents to produce new and better varieties. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, during the rainy season in 2019. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were employed to study the diversity present in the okra genotypes. There was great diversity among the forty genotypes of okra studied with respect to qualitative traits. There were highly significant differences P < 0.01 for all the quantitative characters, which indicated the presence of a great amount of diversity in all the characters studied. Single-linkage cluster analysis shows that, at 100% level of similarity, all the genotypes were distinct from one another. Results of the principal component analysis showed that 76.30% of the total variability among the okra genotypes evaluated in this study was accounted for the first five principal components. This study suggests that there is great diversity among the genotypes studied, which could be used by breeders for okra improvement.
Post‐release dispersal and breeding site suitability of reintroduced populations of the Crested Ibis in Shaanxi Province, China

Post‐release dispersal of reintroduced animals refers to the process of successful colonization and failed settlement. To ensure the establishment and persistence of a reintroduced population, the impacts of different factors on the post‐release dispersal of captive‐bred animals must be assessed. In this article, we focused on two reintroduced Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) populations in Shaanxi Province, China. We applied multiple approaches to evaluate the effects of age, body weight, sex, timing of release, size of acclimatization cages for rewilding, and duration of acclimatization on the survival rate of released populations. The results showed that the survival capacity of released individuals was negatively correlated with their age in Ningshan County (Spearman, r = −0.344, p = 0.03, n = 41). The released ibises in Ningshan and Qianyang County had an average dispersal direction of 210.53° ± 40.54° (Rayleigh's z test: z = 7.881 > z0.05, p < 0.01, n = 13) and 27.05° ± 2.85° (Rayleigh's z test: z = 5.985 > z0.05, p < 0.01, n = 6), respectively, suggesting that the dispersal tended to clump in one direction in both sites. The MaxEnt modeling results indicated that the most significant environmental factor responsible for breeding site selection in Ningshan County was paddy field. In Qianyang County, precipitation affects nest site selection through influencing food availability. In conclusion, the evaluation framework used in this study can serve as an example for developing conservation priorities on the landscape scale for more animal reintroductions.
Evolution, diversity, and disparity of the tiger shark lineage Galeocerdo in deep time

Abstract. Sharks have a long and rich fossil record that consists predominantly of isolated teeth due to the poorly mineralized cartilaginous skeleton. Tiger sharks (Galeocerdo), which represent apex predators in modern oceans, have a known fossil record extending back into the early Eocene (ca. 56 Ma) and comprise 22 recognized extinct and one extant species to date. However, many of the fossil species remain dubious, resulting in a still unresolved evolutionary history of the tiger shark genus. Here, we present a revision of the fossil record of Galeocerdo by examining the morphological diversity and disparity of teeth in deep time. We use landmark-based geometric morphometrics to quantify tooth shapes and qualitative morphological characters for species discrimination. Employing this combined approach on fossil and extant tiger shark teeth, our results only support six species to represent valid taxa. Furthermore, the disparity analysis revealed that diversity and disparity are not implicitly correlated and that Galeocerdo retained a relatively high dental disparity since the Miocene despite its decrease from four to one species. With this study, we demonstrate that the combined approach of quantitative geometric morphometric techniques and qualitative morphological comparisons on isolated shark teeth provides a useful tool to distinguish between species with highly similar tooth morphologies.
Effects of additives on the cure kinetics of vinyl ester pultrusion resins

Pultrusion is a highly efficient composite manufacturing process. To accurately describe pultrusion, an appropriate model of resin cure kinetics is required. In this study, we investigated cure kinetics modeling of a vinyl ester pultrusion resin (Atlac 430) in the presence of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and zinc stearate (Zn(C18H35O2)2) as processing additives. Herein, four different resin compositions were studied: neat resin composition, composition with Al(OH)3, composition comprising Zn(C18H35O2)2, and composition containing both Al(OH)3 and Zn(C18H35O2)2. To analyze each composition, we performed differential scanning calorimetry at the heating rates of 5, 7.5, and 10 K/min. To characterize the cure kinetics of Atlac 430, 16 kinetic models were tested, and their performances were compared. The model based on the n th-order autocatalytic reaction demonstrated the best results, with a 4.5% mean squared error (MSE) between the experimental and predicted data. This study proposes a method to reduce the MSE resulting from the simultaneous melting of Zn(C18H35O2)2. We were able to reduce the MSE by approximately 34%. Numerical simulations conducted at different temperatures and pulling speeds demonstrated a significant influence of resin composition on the pultrusion of a flat laminate profile. Simulation results obtained for the 600 mm long die block at different die temperatures (115, 120, 125, and 130 °C) showed that for a resin with a final degree of cure exceeding 95% at the die exit, the maximum difference between the predicted values of pulling speed for a specified set of compositions may exceed 1.7 times.
Insectivorous bat occupancy is mediated by drought and agricultural land use in a highly modified ecoregion

California's Central Valley, one of the most productive agricultural regions worldwide, is home to a high number of at‐risk species due to habitat conversion. Amplifying the issue, the Central Valley faces severe droughts, creating water scarcity in surrounding natural areas. At least 14 insectivorous bat species live in this region, and prior studies show mixed results regarding the impact of agriculture and drought on bats. The aim of this study was to investigate how bats use agricultural areas during drought.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Emotions in Reading, Learning, and Communication

ABSTRACT In our current era, learners are confronted with many and varying sources of information, such as news media, books, websites, social media, scientific articles, communicative interactions, and more. In addition, individuals must learn from such sources, making it important to critically examine the factors underlying learning from text and discourse. Importantly, the valence and activation of readers’ emotions can influence the quality of readers’ processing, which could help or hinder the learner’s ability to understand and learn from text related to important issues. Although theoretical and empirical work documents the role of emotions in learning and motivation, reading- and discourse-specific models are needed. At present, the literature examining reading presents conflicting findings related to the influence of emotion on textual processing. However, asproposed in the Process, Emotion, Task (PET) framework, the discrepant findings related to reading processes may be explained by interactions between specific reader emotions and the type of task. Hence, examining both emotions and features of the text are critical when considering how to support readers’ ability to comprehend, evaluate, and learn from text. This article introduces a special issue of Discourse Processes that brings together experts engaging in empirical studies on how emotion influences learning and processing for varying text types in different contexts. Our goal is to further work toward developing a more cohesive understanding of the influence of reader emotions in supporting learning, comprehension, processing, and conceptual change and to draw important connections to the broader fields of text and discourse, learning, and motivation. Such connections are critical for improving learning experiences across a variety of settings and enhancing the relevance of discourse-processing research.
Joint Optimization of Cooperative Edge Caching and Radio Resource Allocation in 5G-Enabled Massive IoT Networks

The fifth-generation of wireless communication (5G) is a promising paradigm toward massive interconnectivity within Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. However, because the data traffic throughput sharply increases with the number of IoT devices, a tremendous burden on the backhaul links and core networks results. With this in mind, mobile edge caching is an effective method that can relieve stress of the backhaul links, while decreasing the service latency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem of jointly optimizing cooperative edge caching and radio resource allocation in 5G-enabled massive IoT networks. For that, a joint optimization long-term nonlinear integer programming problem is posed. This class of problems is known to be NP-hard; thus, to reduce the problem complexity, a divide and conquer scheme will be applied—the task at hand will be divided into two subproblems: 1) cooperative edge caching and 2) radio resource allocation. The cooperative edge caching subproblem is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process. Herein, a deep reinforcement learning method to optimize the caching decisions for all the edge nodes. Then, based on the resulting optimal caching decisions, the radio resource allocation subproblem for each edge node is posed as an NLIP problem, and an improved branch-and-bound method is proposed to yield the optimal radio resource allocation decisions for each edge node. Extensive simulations were performed to confirm that the proposed methods have the capability of enhancing the content caching hit ratio, while lessening the content retrieving delays for 5G-enabled massive IoT networks—improving over various baseline algorithms.
Conceptual alignment between the somatic cell division curriculum, textbooks, instruction, and assessment in high school

ABSTRACT This study examined a network of concepts used in the curriculum, textbooks, instruction, and assessment in relation to somatic cell division and investigated the alignment of science concepts used in them. Textbooks and teachers’ instruction and evaluation questions were collected to analyse the alignment between the concepts and the conceptual network used in the curriculum, textbooks, instruction, and assessment on the basis of the national science curriculum in the Republic of Korea. The findings of this study suggest that the concept of a cell was used as a linkage, and a lack of conceptual linkage prevailed between the curriculum, textbooks, instruction, and assessment in the somatic cell division unit. In comparison with the curriculum, a rapid increase in the number of concepts presented in classes led to a complicated conceptual network. As the conceptual network was complex and ambiguous, the concepts that students can learn are more likely to be ambiguous. Therefore, the conceptual network could be instrumental for facilitating students’ conceptual understanding of somatic cell division. The alignment of concepts and conceptual linkage in the teaching of somatic cell division could contribute to improving conceptual associations between the curriculum, textbooks, instruction, and assessment.
The Conceptual Flaws of Constant Product Automated Market Making

Blockchain-based decentralized exchanges fall into two broad categories: decentralized limit order books where an order is a smart contract registered on the blockchain, and swap exchanges where prices are set by a deterministic automated market-making rule. The most common form of the latter is the constant product rule where relative prices of crypto assets are determined by iso-liquidity curves. Although this pricing rule is simple, its use is conceptually problematic and gives rise to persistent arbitrage opportunities when there are multiple competing trading systems. It also allows intrinsically profitable front-running opportunities. Traditional market maker pricing, on the other hand, does not suffer from these flaws. Empirically, more than 10% of trades incur an excess cost of 7% or more in less liquid trading pairs.