Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence du pH sur les propriétés des sols : l'essai de longue durée des 42 parcelles à Versailles

Les pratiques de fertilisation et d'amendement peuvent contribuer a modifier profondement les proprietes des sols. Ceci est mis en evidence par le dispositif des 42 parcelles de l'INRA a Versailles qui recoit chaque annee les memes traitements depuis 1929. Il presente l'originalite d'etre en jachere nue. Les resultats reportes ici reposent sur 16 traitements que nous comparons a une parcelle temoin. Le sol est a caractere limoneux avec 14 a 22 % d'argile. Le pH, la capacite d'echange au pH du sol (CECsol), et les cations echangeables ont ete mesures. Des mesures de porosite, de retention de l'eau a differents potentiels de l'eau ont ete effectuees. Des variations considerables de pH sont observees. Les engrais ammoniacaux conduisent a des parcelles tres acides (pH 3,5 a 5,0), a faible CECsol, essentiellement saturee par des cations aluminium. Dans les parcelles chaulees ou recevant des amendements basiques, le pH est tamponne a 8,2 par les carbonates. La CECsol double du sol acide au sol chaule ou elle est majoritairement saturee par du calcium echangeable. Avec les sels neutres (par exemple KCl, NaNO3) le pH n'a pas change et pour le temoin il a legerement baisse. Des observations de terrain montrent que ces differents etats physico-chimiques sont en relation avec les etats de surface du sol et influencent la porosite du sol en profondeur. Ainsi dans les sols des regions temperees la CECsol peut doubler dans un domaine tres restreint de pH (6,0 a 7,5), orientant fortement les proprietes physiques des sols.
Silage of Intercropping Corn, Palisade Grass, and Pigeon Pea Increases Protein Content and Reduces In Vitro Methane Production

Legume–grass intercropping systems are a sustainable option to improve nutritional quality of animal feed and decrease livestock greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, the present study evaluated yield, chemical composition and in vitro gas production of silages produced with intercropped palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha.(A.Rich.) R.D. Webster), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan cv. Super N) and corn (Zea mays. L.). Forage was harvested and placed inside micro-silos, which were opened after 100 days and samples were collected for chemical composition and in vitro gas production analyses. Intercropped silage had higher crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and lignin content than corn silage. Moreover, intercropped silage decreased total gas and methane production. Therefore, intercropped silage showed potential to increase conserved feed nutritional quality and reduce methane emissions in livestock production systems.
Bone mineral density, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fracture risk in patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and abnormal bone metabolism remains unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether patients with AD were associated with increased risks of low bone mineral density (BMD), osteopenia, osteoporosis, and related fractures. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through December 2019 to identify studies that investigated the association between AD and abnormal bone metabolism (including BMD, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and related fractures). The predefined primary outcome was related fractures; secondary outcomes included osteoporosis, osteopenia, and BMD. We calculated the summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Results Ten studies were included in this systematic review. In children and adolescents, four studies investigated the association between AD and BMD; three studies indicated that children and adolescents with AD were associated with an increased risk of low BMD; one study found similar BMD between AD and control groups. In adults, three studies assessed the risk of fracture and were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 562,405 AD patients among 3,171,268 participants. Adults with AD were associated with an increased risk of fracture (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05–1.22; P=0.001). Three studies investigated the association between AD and osteoporosis, which suggested that patients with AD were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis (OR 1.95; 95% CI, 1.18–3.23; P=0.009). Further, patients with AD were associated with increased risks of osteopenia (OR 1.90; 95% CI, 1.51–2.38; P<0.001) and low BMD at the femur and spine. Conclusions Patients with AD were associated with increased risks of low BMD, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and related fractures. Both clinical studies and basic research are needed to clarify the mechanisms of association between AD and abnormal bone metabolism.
Occurrence of synthetic hormones in sewage effluents and Langat River and its tributaries, Malaysia

This study investigated for the first time the occurrence of selected synthetic hormones including 17α-ethinylestradiol, levonorgestrel, norethindrone and cyproterone acetate in Malaysian tropical waters. Samples were collected from the effluents of five sewage treatment plants (STPs) and at seven stations along the Langat River in Selangor, Malaysia, and its main tributaries. Samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In Langat river samples, only levonorgestrel and cyproterone acetate were found at 50% and 3.3% frequency. The concentrations detected for levonorgestrel ranged from less than the method detection limit (<MDL) to 213 ng L−1 and from < MDL to 76 ng L−1 for cyproterone acetate. For the STP effluent samples, levonorgestrel was <MDL in all samples and the concentrations detected were in the range < MDL – 262 ng L−1 for cyproterone acetate, < MDL −11336 ng L−1 for norethindrone and < MDL – 1898 ng L−1 for 17α-ethinylestradiol.
Molecular docking studies on binding specificity of 3,6- and 2,7-carbazoles with DNA duplexes

Molecular docking is a widely used computational technique used to find the probabilistic binding sites of drugs in the vicinity of macromolecules. The drugs produce their working effect only when they bind and interact with the target macromolecule. The potential drugs can only be identified by their relative binding affinities and corresponding binding modes. Availability of huge numbers of such drugs has made the estimation of their relative potency, a difficult task. In the present work, carbazoles (3,6 and 2,7) and their analogs were studied for their DNA binding abilities using molecular docking calculations. Since the docked ligands had planar structures, it allowed them to adopt crescent shape and thus minor groove binding with DNA was preferred by all. However, it was found that a single molecule (Mol-6) (2,7-carbazole) showed promising results with all the selected DNA sequences also its results were exactly verified with those in the reported literature and therefore it can be said that its in-vivo studies could possibly produce some exciting results. This study also revealed that DNA binding energies of 3,6- and 2,7-carbazoles followed the same trend as their thermal melting values. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5281/zenodo.4153709
To infinity and beyond: Efficient computation of ARCH(∞) models

This article provides an exact algorithm for efficient computation of the time series of conditional variances, and hence the likelihood function, of models that have an ARCH(∞) representation. This class of models includes, for example, the fractionally integrated generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (FIGARCH) model. Our algorithm is a variation of the fast fractional difference algorithm of Jensen, A.N. and M. Ø. Nielsen (2014), Journal of Time Series Analysis 35, 428–436. It takes advantage of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to achieve an order of magnitude improvement in computational speed. The efficiency of the algorithm allows estimation (and simulation/bootstrapping) of ARCH(∞) models, even with very large data sets and without the truncation of the filter commonly applied in the literature. In Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the elimination of the truncation of the filter reduces the bias of the quasi‐maximum‐likelihood estimators and improves out‐of‐sample forecasting. Our results are illustrated in two empirical examples.
Applications of fluorescence in the biomedical sciences

This book contains 30 chapters. Some of the titles are: Fluorescent Probes for Analysis of Cell Structure, Function, and Health by Flow and Imaging Cytometry; New Instrumentation for Sensitive Image Analysis of Fluorescence in Cells and Tissue; Video-Connected Fluorescence Microscopy of Large DNA Molecules, Chromatin, and Chromosomes; and Standing-Wave Fluorescence Microscopy.
On the theory of the second virial coefficient for polymer chains

The theory is reconsidered in order to explain two observations inconsistent with the two-parameter theory prediction: (1) the decrease in the interpenetration function Ψ with increasing molecular weight M in good solvents even in the ordinary range of M in which the unperturbed mean-square radius of gyration is proportional to M and (2) the non-vanishing of A 2 for small M at the θ temperature.
Walkers in a wave field with memory

Couder et al. [1] discovered that the behavior of droplets bouncing on a vibrated bath mimics a variety of quantum phenomena, through their coupling with a Faraday wave. Here, we introduce a continuous model inspired from this experiment, which encapsulates its essential features into a system of three simple differential equations. We show, numerically and analytically, the existence of self-propelled walkers in this framework. Finally, making use of the model’s familiar formulation, we suggest that a particle coupled with a propagating wave, instead of a standing one, behaves much like a bouncing droplet.
The Impact of Initial Snow Conditions on the Numerical Weather Simulation of a Northern Rockies Atmospheric River

Snow’s thermal and radiative properties strongly impact the land surface energy balance and thus the atmosphere above it. Land surface snow information is poorly known in mountainous regions. Few studies have examined the impact of initial land surface snow conditions in high-resolution, convection-permitting numerical weather prediction models during the midlatitude cool season. The extent to which land surface snow influences atmospheric energy transport and subsequent surface meteorological states is tested using a high-resolution (1 km) configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, for both calm conditions and weather characteristic of a warm late March atmospheric river. A set of synthetic but realistic snow states are used as initial conditions for the model runs and the resulting differences are compared. We find that the presence (absence) of snow decreases (increases) 2-m air temperatures by as much as 4 K during both periods, and that the atmosphere responds to snow perturbations through advection of moist static energy from neighboring regions. Snow mass and snow-covered area are both important variables that influence 2-m air temperature. Finally, the meteorological states produced from the WRF experiments are used to force an offline hydrologic model, demonstrating that snowmelt rates can increase/decrease by factor of 2 depending on the initial snow conditions used in the parent weather model. We propose that more realistic representations of land surface snow properties in mesoscale models may be a source of hydrometeorological predictability
Avaliação empírica de termos técnicos em issues de projetos opensource

A demanda crescente por sistemas de software robustos e confiaveis tem levado a comunidade cientifica e a industria de software a investigar aspectos relacionados aos defeitos reportados em sistemas de rastreamento de defeitos. O objetivo comum e compreender as causas dos defeitos, e assim estabelecer estrategias para prevenir sua ocorrencia e propagacao, reduzindo possiveis danos. Os defeitos reportados por usuarios atraves de issues em rastreadores de defeitos revelam informacoes importantes para os desenvolvedores. A presente investigacao realizou uma analise de dados provenientes de 510.212 issues de 85 repositorios de projetos de codigo-fonte aberto, disponiveis no Github. Com o auxilio de uma lista de 608 termos tecnicos selecionados manualmente, foi analisada a frequencia na utilizacao dos termos pelos contribuidores desses repositorios. O estudo encontrou o emprego dos termos nos diferentes campos de uma issue, bem como a possibilidade de identificacao dos termos mais utilizados nestes repositorios. Os resultados deste estudo apontam para ganhos potenciais na compreensao do ambiente de falhas por apresentar termos que formam indicativos de defeitos em estruturas fundamentais do repositorio.
Modeling the Phase Equilibrium of Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillates + Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using the Peng−Robinson EOS

The Peng−Robinson EOS was used to predict vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the multicomponent mixture soybean oil deodorizer distillates (SODD)/CO2. The composition of SODD from the Cia. Riograndense (RS, Brazil) was used. SODD was treated as a mixture containing fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, and linoleic), sterols (stigmasterol), tocopherols (α-tocopherol), and squalene. The interaction parameters were obtained from solubility and/or VLE data available in the literature for the binary pairs of SODD compounds/carbon dioxide. For the binary systems SODD compound i/SODD compound j, the interaction parameters were set equal to zero. The results were compared with literature data using distribution coefficients and selectivities. The selectivity was calculated by reducing the mixture to a pseudo-binary system containing a light and a heavy compound. The modeling of the system SODD/CO2 using the Peng−Robinson EOS has proven to be a powerful tool for obtaining preliminary information of VLE of complex systems .
Effect of Biochar and Hydrochar on Forms of Aluminium in an Acidic Soil

Biochars and hydrochars have a significant effect on soil properties linked to fertility or to carbon cycling and have been proposed as an amendment to increase soil productivity, particularly in acidic soils. Phytotoxic forms of aluminium (Al) are relatively abundant in acidic soils and, for a long period of time, liming has been used to correct this. Ca(OH)2, a pig manure (PM) and two biochars and two hydrochars prepared from pig manure were studied for their effects on Al fractions. Biochars were prepared at 450 °C (BPC450) and 600 °C (BPC600) and hydrochars were obtained using a pig manure solution (ratio 30:70) that was heated at 200 °C (HPC200) and 240 °C (HPC240). A treatment with an amount of Ca(OH)2 necessary to increase soil pH to the same pH value as the average in the treatments BPC450, BPC600, HPC200, HPC240 and PM was used for comparison. The fractionation of Al was studied, with the liming treatment allowing the differentiation between changes in fractionation driven by pH changes from other mechanisms. In relation to the control, all soil amendments presented high capacity of controlling toxic Al, similar to a traditional liming product (Ca(OH)2) and decreased the exchangeable Al extracted by NH4Cl. Both types of materials (biochars and hydrochars) lead to the formation of an increased number of organo-aluminium complexes (OAC). Biochars lead to the formation of OAC of low to medium stability, while hydrochars promoted the formation of OAC of high stability.
Perceived Barriers to Exercise in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Good control of glycaemia negates potential maternal and fetal complications. A diet suitable for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a first line approach. However, little is said about suitable exercise in pregnancy that will potentially help control glycaemia. This pilot study seeks to understand the perceived barriers to exercise in women with GDM. Materials and Methods: This crosssectional study recruited patients with GDM on diet control at the antenatal clinic of Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru, Malaysia between October 2017 and January 2018. Those who fulfilled the recruitment criteria were approached and 89 women consented to participate. Data was obtained from antenatal records and a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.3 years. More than 80% were Para 1 and above. 69.6% were either overweight or obese at booking of pregnancy. 80.9% were aware that exercise was necessary for women with GDM. Only 6.7% say that healthcare professionals were their source of information on exercise in pregnancy. 77.3% of the women with low physical activity had full time jobs. Housewives (64.5%) had the highest level of physical activity. Tiredness (43.8%), childcare duties (38.2%) and lack of time (27.0%) were the most common perceived barriers to exercise. Nulliparity was significantly associated with tiredness. Conclusion: Main barriers to exercise are tiredness and childcare duties. Health care professionals did little in educating women with GDM on suitable exercise.
Contaminating melt flow in magmatic peridotites from the lower continental crust (Rocca d'Argimonia sequence, Ivrea–Verbano Zone)

Abstract. The lower continental crust section of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (Italian Alps) was intruded by a ∼ 8 km thick gabbroic–dioritic body (Ivrea Mafic Complex) in the Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian, in conjunction with the post-collisional transtensional regime related to the Variscan orogeny. In the deepest levels of the Ivrea Mafic Complex, several peridotite–pyroxenite sequences considered of magmatic origin are exposed. We present here a petrological–geochemical investigation of the peridotites from the largest magmatic ultramafic sequence of the Ivrea Mafic Complex, locally called Rocca d'Argimonia. In spite of the widespread subsolidus re-equilibration under granulite facies conditions, most likely reflecting a slow cooling evolution in the lower continental crust, the Rocca d'Argimonia peridotites (dunites to harzburgites and minor clinopyroxene-poor lherzolites) typically retain structures and microstructures of magmatic origin. In particular, the harzburgites and the lherzolites typically show poikilitic orthopyroxenes enclosing partially dissolved olivine and minor spinel. Olivine has forsterite proportion diminishing from the dunites to the harzburgites and the lherzolites (90 mol % to 85 mol %) and negatively correlating with δ18 O ( + 5.8 ‰ to + 6.6 ‰). Gabbronorite dykes locally crosscut the peridotites and show millimetre-scale thick, orthopyroxenite to websterite reaction zones along the contact with host rocks. We propose that the Rocca d'Argimonia peridotites record a process of reactive melt flow through a melt-poor olivine-rich crystal mush or a pre-existing dunite. This process was most likely responsible for the olivine dissolution shown by the poikilitic orthopyroxenes in the harzburgites–lherzolites. We infer that the reactively migrating melts possessed a substantial crustal component and operated at least at the scale of ∼ 100 m.
A role for Virtual Outcrop Models in Blended Learning: improved 3D
thinking, positive perceptions of learning and the potential for greater
equality, diversity and inclusivity in geoscience

Abstract. Virtual outcrop models are increasingly used in geoscience education to supplement field-based learning but their efficacy for teaching key 3D spatial thinking skills has not been tested. With the rapid increase in online digital learning resources and blended learning, most recently because of the global COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the role of virtual field environments to support and develop skills conventionally taught through field-based teaching has never been more critical. Virtual outcrops and virtual field environments have not been evaluated for their effectiveness in teaching and learning in geoscience, however. Here we show the efficacy of virtual outcrop models in improving 3D spatial thinking and provide evidence for positive perceptions amongst participants of using virtual outcrops in teaching and learning. Our results show that in a simple multiple choice scenario, participants were more likely to choose the 3D block diagram that best represents the structure when using a virtual outcrop (59 %), compared to more traditional representations, a geological map (50 %) and field photograph (40 %). We add depth to these results by capturing the perceptions of a cohort of students, within our full participants set, on the use of virtual outcrops for teaching and learning, after accessing a virtual field site and outcrops to which they had previously visited on a day's field teaching. We also asked all participants if and how virtual outcrops could be used effectively for teaching and training, recording 87 % of positive responses. However, only 2 % of participants felt that virtual outcrops could potentially replace in-field teaching. We note that these positive findings signal significant potential for effective use of virtual outcrops in a blended learning environment and for breaking barriers to ensure equality, diversity and inclusivity of geoscience field skills and teaching.
Brain Tumor Detection by Using Convolution Neural Network

Nowadays, Biomedical technology plays a vital role in diagnosis and treatment of small to dangerous life threatening diseases and one of the most life threatening disease is Brain Tumor, which is the mass growth of abnormal cells in brain. Early detection and treatment of it can save the human life by preventing the further growth of abnormal cells. Detection of it can be done by analysing the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scans. Accurate analysis of MRI Scans need to be done to detect the brain tumor and it can be achieved by using the algorithms of artificial neural networks, although human can detect manually but possibility to human errors is more and is time consuming. This paper proposes an effective algorithm model to predict brain tumor probability by using convolution neural networks. The algorithm includes image pre-processing in which noise is reduced using Gaussian filter and morphological operations. After that, images are normalized to scale fit. Batch normalization is added to the network to speed up the training. BRATS and Kaggle image dataset are used to train and evaluate the model to get maximised accuracy. Confusion matrix is used to evaluate the performance of the maximised model.
Body in medical encounters of Romanian female patients in (S)pain

Purpose This paper aims to check whether the bodily self-perception factor plays any role in (female) migrants’ alleged underuse of health services. Out of the four main reasons identified by scholars, the “cultural specificity” factor is tackled here from an intersectional perspective that envisages gender, migration and totalitarianism. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted on 20 Romanian women living in Spain. Two categories were analysed (body as image and body as discourse) to detect perceptions in consultations in Spain as compared to Romania. The assumption that their perceptions varied between the period prior and subsequent to the fall of the dictatorship was contrasted with the information provided by a sample of 25 Spanish women. Findings The analysis revealed perceptions of a more relaxed medical relationship for Romanian patients in Spain, hence the possibility that migration (normally stressful) gave them a sense of freedom and empowerment. Originality/value The intersectional perspective in health communication is original. This study opens a research avenue in health services’ underuse by migrants.