Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resilience and Circularity: Revisiting the Role of Urban Village in Rural-Urban Migration in Beijing, China

Recent policies in China have encouraged rural-urban circular migration and an “amphibious” and flexible status of settlement, reacting against the recent risks of economic fluctuation in cities. Rural land, as a form of insurance and welfare, can handle random hazards, and the new Land Management Law guarantees that rural migrants who settle in the city can maintain their rights to farmland, homesteads, and a collective income distribution. Existing studies have pointed out that homeland tenure can reduce migrants’ urban settlement intentions (which is a self-reported subjective perception of city life). However, little is known about how the rural-urban circularity and rural tenure system (especially for those still holding hometown lands in the countryside) affect rural migrants’ temporary urban settlements (especially for those preferring to stay in informal communities in the host city). The existing studies on the urban villages in China have focused only on the side of the receiving cities, but have rarely mentioned the other side of this process, focusing on migrants’ rural land tenure issues in their hometowns. This study discusses the rationale of informality (the urban village) and attests to whether, and to what extent, rural migrants’ retention of their hometown lands can affect their tenure security choices (urban village or not) in Chinese metropolises such as Beijing. Binary logistic regression was conducted and the data analysis proved that rural migrants who kept their hometown lands, compared to their land-loss counterparts, were more likely to live in a Beijing urban village. This displays the resilience and circularity of rural-urban migration in China, wherein the rural migrant households demonstrate the “micro-family economy”, maintaining tenure security in their hometown and avoiding the dissipation of their family income in their destination. The Discussion and Conclusions sections of this paper refer to some policy implications related to maintaining the rural-urban dual system, protecting rural migrant land rights, and beefing up the “opportunity structure” (including maintaining the low-rent areas in metropolises such as Beijing) in the 14th Five Year Plan period.
The effects of dexamethasone on the differentiation and the fertilisation of the germinal primordium in the chick embryo

We showed that, in the chick embryo, the fertilisation of the attractive germinal epithelium by primary germ cells can be represented by a three-dimensional diagram in which the space and time co-ordinates are graduated in terms of the segmentation of the axial and paraxial mesoderm. We thus established that the differentiation of the coelomic epithelium into an attractive germinal epithelium and the fertilisation of the gonadal primordium both occur by mechanisms that are tightly linked to somitogenesis. In the continuous presence of a constant concentration of Dexamethasone, a marked inhibition of the rate of fertilisation of the gonadal primordium was observed. A mathematical analysis of the mode of action of the inhibitor revealed the progressive establishment of a competition between Dexamethasone and the molecule(s) responsible for the process of attraction. Given the chemical nature of the inhibitor, we propose that the endogenous factor that triggers the first step of the differentiation of the germinal primordium is a steroid-containing complex. avian germ cells / chemotactism / differentiation / fertilisation / attractive field / steroid / dexamethasone Résumé — Les effets de la dexaméthasone sur la différenciation et la fertilisation de l’ébauche gonadique chez l’embryon de poulet. La fertilisation du primordium gonadique par les cellules germinales primordiales (CGP) en transit dans la circulation embryonnaire est représentée par un diagramme à 3 dimensions dans lequel l’espace et le temps sont inscrits sur une graduation obtenue par la projection de la segmentation du mésoderme axial et paraxial. C’est la capture des CGP par chimiotactisme qui révèle l’existence et la localisation d’un champ attractif. Les gonocytes fixés dans l’ébauche gonadique sont les marqueurs de l’extension de celle-ci dans le sens céphalo-caudal. Il a ainsi été démontré que la différenciation de l’épithélium cœlomique en épithélium germinatif attractif (E.G) est étroitement couplée à la somitogenèse dans la région bornée par les somites 22 à 30. Ces observations posent le problème de savoir si la différenciation de l’E.G est progressivement déclenchée par les somites nouvellement formés, ou si elle est due à une propriété intrinsèque en Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 40 (2000) 127–148 127 © INRA, EDP Sciences * Correspondence and reprints D. Cuminge et al. 128
A Fully-Differential 2 GHz Tunable Recursive Bandpass Filter on Silicon

In this paper, we present a novel fully- differential active integrated bandpass filter employing recursive principles. This circuit, based upon the cascade of two elementary recursive stages, can be tuned independently in terms of centre frequency, selectivity and gain. The chip surface is less than 1.4 mm 2 . Centre frequency can be tuned in the 1.7 to 2.4 GHz range, bandwidth can be set to less than 60 MHz and gain can be up to 20 dB. This chip has been implemented using Philips QUBIC4 Si BiCMOS technology (1). I. INTRODUCTION Off-chip passive filters are nowadays the most frequently implemented solution in RF receivers front-ends. However, the main drawback with that kind of filters is that they are often expensive and occupy an important surface. An interesting alternative could be the use of active filters associating in a single circuit a bandpass filter and a low- noise amplifier, thus leading to more compact and lower cost circuits. Another advantage is that, as they are realised with the same technology, these filters can be easily integrated with the other functions of the transceivers (mixer, .). Moreover, they often exhibit a frequency tunability that could help to reduce the number of required elements in multi-standard equipments that are being generalised more and more each day. This aspect is also interesting to realise automatically tuned structures (2). In this article, we propose an original tunable recursive filter integrated using a silicon MMIC process and based on the cascade of two elementary recursive stages.
Coated fatty acids alter virulence properties of Typhimurium and decrease intestinal colonization of pigs

22 Salmonella Typhimurium infections in pigs are a major source of human 23 foodborne salmonellosis. To reduce the number of infected pigs, acidification of feed or 24 drinking water is a common practice. The aim of the present study was to determine 25 whether some frequently used short-(SCFA) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are 26 able to alter virulence gene expression and to decrease Salmonella Typhimurium 27 colonization and shedding in pigs using well established and controlled in vitro and in 28 vivo assays. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 4 SCFA (formic acid, acetic 29 acid, propionic acid, butyric acid) and 2 MCFA (caproic and caprylic acid) were 30 determined using 54 porcine Salmonella Typhimurium field strains. MIC values 31 increased at increasing pH values and were 2-8 times lower for MCFA than for SCFA. 32 Expression of virulence gene fimA was significantly lower when bacteria were grown in 33 LB-broth supplemented with sub-MIC concentrations of caproic or caprylic acid (2mM). 34 Expression of hilA and invasion in porcine intestinal epithelial cells was significantly 35 lower when bacteria were grown in LB-broth containing sub-MIC concentrations of 36 butyric acid or propionic acid (10mM) and caproic or caprylic acid (2mM). When given 37 as feed supplement to pigs experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium, coated 38 butyric acid decreased the levels of faecal shedding and intestinal colonization, but had 39 no influence on the colonization of tonsils, spleen and liver. Uncoated fatty acids,
IN-VIVO TRACING OF VAGAL PROJECTIONS IN THE BRAIN WITH MANGANESE ENHANCED MAGNTIC RESONANCE IMAGING

Author: Oleson, Steven, T. MS Institution: Purdue University Degree Received: December 2018 Title: In-vivo Tracing of Vagal Projections in the Brain with Manganese Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Committee Chair: Zhongming Liu Current challenges in neuronal tract tracing include sacrificing the animal, detailed sectioning of the brain, and cumbersome reconstruction of slices to gather information, which are very tedious, time consuming, and have low-throughput. In this regard, Manganese-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MEMRI) has been an emerging methodology for fiber tract tracing in vivo. The manganese ion (Mn) is paramagnetic and is analogous to calcium ions (Ca), which allows it to enter excitable cells through voltage-gated calcium channels, thereby reporting cellular activity in T1-weighted MR images. Moreover, once the Mn enters the cell, it will move along the axon by microtubules, release at the synapse, and then uptake by postsynaptic neurons, hence revealing the pathway of Mn transportation. While most MEMRI neuronal tracing studies have focused on mapping circuitries within the brain, MEMRI has rarely been applied to trace peripheral nerve projections into the brain. In this thesis, I will propose the use of MEMRI to trace vagal nerve projections into the central nervous system by showing enhancement of neuronal pathways with an optimized protocol. This protocol demonstrates in vivo monitoring of manganese transport into the brain from the nodose ganglion and shows how the enhancement in MR images can be promoted with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Additionally, I will present preliminary findings, for the very first time, that show the downstream projection of the sympathetic pathway from the brainstem. In sum, the technique presented in this thesis will shed light on the use of MEMRI to study the functional results of using clinically-based VNS settings.
Deep Learning in CT Images: Automated Pulmonary Nodule Detection for Subsequent Management Using Convolutional Neural Network

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the detection performance of the 3-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN)-based computer-aided detection (CAD) models with radiologists of different levels of experience in detecting pulmonary nodules on thin-section computed tomography (CT). Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1109 consecutive patients who underwent follow-up thin-section CT at our institution. The 3D CNN model for nodule detection was re-trained and complemented by expert augmentation. The annotations of a consensus panel consisting of two expert radiologists determined the ground truth. The detection performance of the re-trained CAD model and three other radiologists at different levels of experience were tested using a free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) analysis in the test group. Results: The detection performance of the re-trained CAD model was signi ﬁ cantly better than that of the pre-trained network (sensitivity: 93.09% vs 38.44%). The re-trained CAD model had a signi ﬁ cantly better detection performance than radiologists (average sensitivity: 93.09% vs 50.22%), without signi ﬁ cantly increasing the number of false positives per scan (1.64 vs 0.68). In the training set, 922 nodules less than 3 mm in size in 211 patients at high risk were recommended for follow-up CT according to the Fleischner Society Guidelines. Fifteen of 101 solid nodules were con ﬁ rmed to be lung cancer. Conclusion: The re-trained 3D CNN-based CAD model, complemented by expert augmentation, was an accurate and ef ﬁ cient tool in identifying incidental pulmonary nodules for subsequent management.
NSS_A_267775 637..647

Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; Department of Anti-Aging, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; Center of Sleep Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China Aim: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent chronic disease characterized by sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxemia. Several studies suggested that electrophysiological changes and neurocognitive abnormalities occurred in OSAS patients. In this study, we compared automatic processing of emotional facial expressions schematic in OSAS patients and matched healthy controls via assessing expression-related mismatch negativity (EMMN). Methods: Twenty-two OSAS patients (mean age 44.59 years) and twenty-one healthy controls (mean age 42.71 years) were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale test and polysomnographic recording. An expressionrelated oddball paradigm was used to elicit EMMN and the electroencephalogram was recorded and analyzed. Furthermore, Pearson’s correlations were calculated to discuss the correlation between neuropsychological test scores, clinical variables and electrophysiological data. Results: Compared with healthy controls, OSAS sufferers demonstrated significantly reduced EMMN mean amplitudes within corresponding time intervals, regardless of happy or sad conditions. Meanwhile, we observed that amplitude of sad EMMN was larger (more negative) than happy EMNN in healthy controls, while not in patients. Moderate correlations were found between MoCA test scores, sleep parameters and EMMN amplitudes. Conclusion: Our findings suggested pre-attentive dysfunction of processing emotional facial expressions in patients with OSAS, without the existence of negative bias effect. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that clinical characteristics of OSAS patients could affect EMMN amplitudes. Further studies on the advantages of EMMN as clinical and electrophysiological indicators of OSAS are warranted.
The Impact of Visual Aesthetic Quality on User Engagement during Gameplay

—The aim of this study was to examine player behavior in two different levels of visual aesthetic quality of a tablet game user interface. First, the tablet game was created by applying user centered design principles, such as prototyping and usability testing in an iterative manner. The game was then modified into two different visual aesthetic conditions – monochromatic (low quality) and in full color (high quality) to serve as response stimuli. The first objective examined the effect of visual aesthetic quality on user engagement using the user engagement scale (UES). The four components of user engagement are reward, aesthetics, focused attention , and perceived usability. It was observed that three of the user engagement components, reward, aesthetics and usability significantly predicted perceived high visual aesthetic quality interface. In addition, three user engagement components, reward, aesthetics and focused attention, supported perceived visual aesthetic qualit y for the low-quality interface. This result was further substantiated by investigating the effect of perceived usability in the same experimental condition using the AttrakDiff questionnaire. The main finding of this study reveals that high visual aesthetic quality user interfaces are perceived to be usable whereas low visual aesthetic interfaces are not. There was also a significant difference in the level of overall user engagement between the two game interfaces, as participants found the high visual aesthetic quality to be more engaging.
Israeli Spotted Fever, Tunisia

Epidemiologic investigation of our case-patients that included questioning relatives, patients, and butchers found that eating raw horse meat imported from Canada (patient 1) or Brazil (patient 2) was the most likely source of the parasites. The geographic origin of the horse meat eaten by patient 3 is unknown. Moreover, an atypical T. gondii strain was isolated after mouse inoculation with horse meat from the fi rst patient’s butcher. In all 3 cases, close relatives encouraged the patients to eat raw horse meat regularly because the practice is traditionally thought to reinforce health. Human toxoplasmosis cases associated with horse meat consumption are rarely reported but are probably underestimated (2). In the European Union, France and Italy account for more than two thirds of all horse meat eaten, predominantly raw, thereby increasing the likelihood of infection by various parasites, including Trichinella spp. and Toxoplasma spp. (4). Under natural conditions, serologic prevalence of T. gondii parasites in horses worldwide may range from 0% to 80% (5). Many factors could account for this variation, including the sensitivity and specifi city of the serologic test, ages of animals, geographic area and hygienic condition of farm management (5). The only prevalence survey of horses slaughtered for food that we are aware of was conducted in Canada and the United States and found antibodies to T. gondii parasites in 124 (6.9%) of 1,788 serum samples (6). T. gondii tissue cysts in meat are immediately killed by reaching an internal temperature of 67°C in all parts of meat during cooking (7). Deep freezing (<–12°C for at least 3 days) of meat before cooking is recommended because it reduces the risk for infection by inactivating most tissue cysts (7). These precautions are often not applied to horse meat because these imported carcasses are usually shipped as “fresh meat” and frequently eaten raw. Eating raw horse meat imported from non-European countries may expose consumers to high inocula of highly virulent atypical Toxoplasma spp. strains, which may cause life-threatening primary infection (case-patient 1) or severe congenital toxoplasmosis with atypical outcome of acquired toxoplasmosis in the mother (case-patient 3). Risk assessment for toxoplasmosis from horses slaughtered for food and imported into the European Union, as was recently done in France for ovine meat, is urgently needed (3).
Does Exchange Rate Variability Depress Trade Flows ? Evidence From Error Correction Models

This paper examines the impact of exchange rate volatility on the trade flows of the G-7 countries in the context of a multivariate error-correction model. The errorcorrection models do not show any sign of parameter instability. The results indicate that the exchange rate volatility has a significant negative impact on the volume of exports in each of the G-7 countries. Assuming market participants are risk averse, these results imply that exchange rate uncertainty causes them to reduce their activities, change prices, or shift sources of demand and supply in order to minimize their exposure to the effects of exchange rate volatility. This, in turn, can change the distribution of output across many sectors in these countries. It is quite possible that the surprisingly weak relationship between trade flows and exchange rate volatility reported in several previous studies are due to insufficient attention to the stochastic properties of the relevant time series.
Microarray based study on virulence-associated genes and resistance determinants of isolates from cattle

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Microarray based study on virulence-associated genes and resistance determinants of isolates from cattle Stefan Monecke, Peter Kuhnert, Helmut Hotzel, Peter Slickers, Ralf Ehricht
Glasgow Coma Scale and quality of life after traumatic brain injury

Objective: To evaluate the behavior of different scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) observed during the first 72 hours after trauma, before the perceived changes to quality of life and health status, and one year after the traumatic event. Methods: A study using a quantitative approach, observational, longitudinal, descriptive and correlational with victims of blunt head trauma (BHT) evaluated daily during hospitalization, and after one year by means of the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF -36). Results: Under the Reciever Operator Characteristic curves, the values of the GCS related to the perceived change of health status did not differ significantly and ranged from 0.63 to 0.71. A correlation, statistically significant, although weak, was observed between GCS scores and some of the domains of the SF-36. Conclusion: It was found that the different values of the GCS presented limitations for application in clinical practice for estimating the consequences of long term BHT.
Summary Root respiration is an important component of the carbon balance of a forest ecosystem. We measured CO2 efflux of excised fine roots and intact coarse roots in 3-, 4- and 13-year-old Eucalyptus stands in the region of Pointe-Noire,

carbon balance of a forest ecosystem. We measured CO2 efflux of excised fine roots and intact coarse roots in 3-, 4and 13-year-old Eucalyptus stands in the region of Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo. A transportable and adaptable closed chamber gas exchange system directly measured CO2 efflux of roots from 0.5 to 32 mm in diameter. Fluxes were corrected for measurement system leaks and normalized to a reference temperature of 30 °C. Mean fine root respiration rates at the reference temperature varied between 8.5 and 10.8 μmol CO2 kg –1 s depending on the stand. Coarse root respiration was strongly negatively correlated to root diameter. We propose a model based on a radial gradient of respiratory activity within the root to simulate the exponential decrease in respiration with diameter. Although many sources of uncertainty in the measurements remain, as discussed in this paper, these results provide a basis for scaling up organ-level root respiration measurements to the tree and stand levels.
Purification and Characterization of the Acyl Carrier Protein of the Streptomyces

The acyl carrier protein (ACP) of the tetracenomycin C polyketide synthase, encoded by the tcmM gene, has been expressed in both Streptomyces glaucescens and Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Expression of the tcmM gene in E. coli results mainly in the TcmM apo-ACP, whereas expression in S. glaucescens yields solely the holo-ACP. The purified holo-TcmM is active in a malonyl coenzyme A:ACP transacylase assay and is labeled by radioactive 13-alanine, confirming that it carries a 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group.