Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances towards 4J lattice-matched including dilute nitride subcell for terrestrial and space applications

Recent advances on the development of a 4J lattice-matched dilute nitride solar cell for terrestrial and space applications are described. Modeling of the solar cell is carried out using a drift-diffusion model and material parameters extracted from ad hoc electro-optical characterization resulting in an efficiency prediction of 47% for concentrations of 1000 suns AM1.5d G173 spectrum and 33% for 1× AM0. First experimental solar cell results of a dual-junction GaNAsSb/Ge solar cell and a triple-junction GaInP/Ga(In)As/GaNAsSb components of the full 4-Junction are shown.
SU-ITP-02 / 44 UCB-PTH-02 / 52 LBNL-51739 hep-th / 0211206 Generating asymptotically plane wave spacetimes

In an attempt to study asymptotically plane wave spacetimes which admit an event horizon, we find solutions to vacuum Einstein’s equations in arbitrary dimension which have a globally null Killing field and rotational symmetry. We show that while such solutions can be deformed to include ones which are asymptotically plane wave, they do not posses a regular event horizon. If we allow for additional matter, such as in supergravity theories, we show that it is possible to have extremal solutions with globally null Killing field, a regular horizon, and which, in addition, are asymptotically plane wave. In particular, we deform the extremal M2-brane solution in 11-dimensional supergravity so that it behaves asymptotically as a 10-dimensional vacuum plane wave times a real line.
Modeling and L2-stability of a shape memory alloy position control system

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are inherently nonlinear devices exhibiting significant hysteresis in their stress-strain-temperature characteristic. As a consequence most SMA actuator systems presented in the literature employ some form of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) or pulse-width modulated (PWM) control. However, due to the hysteresis of the SMA, the theoretical stability of these systems has been largely ignored. This paper extends the work of Ikuta et al. (1991) to arrive at a new model of an SMA actuator. The key feature of the model is its ability to model minor hysteresis loops. The model is suitable for computer simulation, even of closed-loop control systems, as well as control system analysis. Indeed, the model is used to prove the L/sub 2/-stability of a position control system.
Please Scroll down for Article European Review of Social Psychology Forgiveness in Personal Relationships: Its Malleability and Powerful Consequences

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Resistance of proline-containing peptides to ruminal degradation in vitro

Mixed ruminal bacteria utilized an enzymatic digest of casein at a rate faster than that for an enzymatic digest of gelatin, but neither amino acid source was completely utilized even when the incubation period was as long as 96 h. Since the reaction of ninhydrin with the residual nonammonia, nonprotein nitrogen was more than twofold stronger when the samples were hydrolyzed with 6 N HCl, it appeared that much of the residual nitrogen was from peptides. Approximately 66% of the nonammonia, nonprotein, ninhydrin-reactive material could not be recovered as amino acids, but there was a significant decrease in total amino acid nitrogen when the samples were pretreated with a C18 Sep-Pak column to remove peptides. The resistant peptides had an abundance of proline, and subsequent incubations showed that synthetic dipeptides which contained proline were hydrolyzed slowly. Lysine appears to be the amino acid which is most apt to limit ruminant production. Dipeptides containing proline and lysine were hydrolyzed at least fivefold slower than lysine-alanine. Methionine, another potentially limiting amino acid, was also degraded at a slower (2.5-fold) rate when it was present as part of a proline dipeptide.
Using computer simulation as virtual implementation platforms in developing energy efficiency projects

This paper highlights the advantages or simulation tools to understand application-engineering issues in energy efficiency project development by taking the case of a glass processing facility. Simulation of the proposed case was carried out to ascertain whether the acceleration and deceleration time of the blower and the thermal and mechanical stresses in the system were within the permissible limits. Simulation helped in taking into account the potential problems. In the system possibly arising due to the stress generated and thus helped in developing a proper solution. It also indicated that the success of the project largely depended on the application engineering aspects showing the cruciality of the approach undertaken.
Object tracking and 3D coordinates estimation using nonlinear observer for a wheeled mobile robot with a single camera

The problem of object tracking and its 3D space position estimation using single camera attached to a wheeled mobile robot is considered. The algorithm for fast object detection at each sample time is proposed. The problem of space coordinates estimation can be considered in different ways. One of them is a geometrical approach using two consequent views obtained from different viewpoints. The other way is to investigate the nonlinear model observability and try to design nonlinear observer. In this paper the question of observability is analyzed and the nonlinear observer design is performed in two particular simplified situations.
The Arabidopsis Putative Selenium-Binding Protein Family: Expression Study and Characterization of SBP1 as a Potential New Player in Cadmium Detoxification Processes1[W]

In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the putative selenium-binding protein (SBP) gene family is composed of three members (SBP1–SBP3). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that SBP1 expression was ubiquitous. SBP2 was expressed at a lower level in flowers and roots, whereas SBP3 transcripts were only detected in young seedling tissues. In cadmium (Cd)-treated seedlings, SBP1 level of expression was rapidly increased in roots. In shoots, SBP1 transcripts accumulated later and for higher Cd doses. SBP2 and SBP3 expression showed delayed or no responsiveness to Cd. In addition, luciferase (LUC) activity recorded on Arabidopsis lines expressing the LUC gene under the control of the SBP1 promoter further showed dynamic regulation of SBP1 expression during development and in response to Cd stress. Western-blot analysis using polyclonal antibodies raised against SBP1 showed that SBP1 protein accumulated in Cd-exposed tissues in correlation with SBP1 transcript amount. The sbp1 null mutant displayed no visible phenotype under normal and stress conditions that was explained by the up-regulation of SBP2 expression. SBP1 overexpression enhanced Cd accumulation in roots and reduced sensitivity to Cd in wild type and, more significantly, in Cd-hypersensitive cad mutants that lack phytochelatins. Similarly, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SBP1 expression led to increased Cd tolerance of the Cd-hypersensitive ycf1 mutant. In vitro experiments showed that SBP1 has the ability to bind Cd. These data highlight the importance of maintaining the adequate SBP protein level under healthy and stress conditions and suggest that, during Cd stress, SBP1 accumulation efficiently helps to detoxify Cd potentially through direct binding.
Random forests based recognition of the clinical labels using brain MRI scans

There has been a great interest in the systems that predict clinical labels from the brain images automatically for the last decade since it is a very important task that helps clinicians for decision making. In this study, clinical labels of the structural brain magnetic resonance (MR) images are predicted automatically using the random forests ensemble method. Morphological measurements like volume and thickness that exhibit details of the brain structures are used as input. Structural T1-weighted MR images of the patients with a relevant clinical phenotype are used in this study. Training images are obtained from the 150 patients and the system is tested using the images of the 100 patients. 5-fold cross validation is used for the training, determining the hyperparameters of the random forests and performance evaluation. Accuracy, the area under receiver operator characteristic curves, specificity and sensitivity are used as the performance metrics of the proposed system. Results obtained from the experiments proved that random forests can be used successfully for the identification of the clinical labels using the structural brain MR images.
Drinking from the Fire(walls) Hose: Another Approach to Very Large Mailing Lists

This paper describes a set of tools and procedures which allow very large mailing lists to be managed with the freeware tool of the administrator’s choice. With the right approach scaling technology can be applied to a list management tool transparently. In recent years, many ingenious methods have been proposed for handling email deliveries to mailing lists of several thousand subscribers. Administration of a mailing list is not limited to message delivery, however. Tasks such as managing subscribers, dealing with mail bounces, and preventing list spamming also become more difficult when applied to very large lists. As a case study, this paper describes the process of moving the well-known ‘‘Firewalls’’ mailing list from its original home at GreatCircle Associates to a new infrastructure at GNAC. The process was thought to be straightforward and obvious, and it soon became apparent that it was neither. We trust that our discoveries will benefit other systems administrators undertaking similar projects, either concerning large mailing lists or moving complex ‘‘legacy systems. ’’
Lymphoproliferative disorders after organ transplantation in children.

BACKGROUND After organ transplant, patients are at risk of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). The purpose of this study was to analyze 26 pediatric cases of PTLD observed at our institution between 1988 and 1996, and to evaluate the validity of the Society for Hematopathology Workshop (SHPW) 1997 classification in our patient population. METHODS Charts were reviewed for analysis of incidence, clinical course, and outcome. Tissue samples were classified by a pathologist according to SHPW recommendations. RESULTS By morphology, 20 were monomorphic, 5 polymorphic, and 1 hyperplastic. Assessment of lineage by morphology, molecular studies, and immunophenotyping did not correlate in six cases. By immunophenotyping, 12 were B cell, 4 T cell, 8 mixed B/T cells, and 2 undetermined. The 20 patients evaluable for treatment efficacy were treated with various therapeutic combinations, including immunosuppressive drug reduction, acyclovir/ganciclovir, interferon-alpha, immunoglobulins, surgery, and local irradiation. No patient received systemic chemotherapy. Thirteen patients achieved complete remission and 3, partial; 1 died 5 days after starting therapy, and 3 of progressive disease. Adverse prognostic factors included low platelet or neutrophil counts; stage III-IV and SHPW morphology were marginally significant. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients eligible for treatment can be cured with immunosuppressive drug reduction and antiviral drugs, along with surgery and irradiation when indicated. Systemic chemotherapy or innovative approaches may have a role in unresponsive cases. Morphologic SHPW grouping is feasible and seems to have clinical relevance. However, correlation with clonality and immunophenotyping is not always possible, necessitating modifications including segregation of descriptive morphology from clonality and cell origin.
Wide‐Field Millimagnitude Photometry with the HAT: A Tool for Extrasolar Planet Detection

We discuss the system requirements for obtaining millimagnitude photometric precision over a wide field using small‐aperture, short focal length telescope systems such as those being developed by a number of research groups to search for transiting extrasolar planets. We describe a Hungarian Automated Telescope (HAT) system, which attempts to meet these requirements. The attainable precision of HAT has been significantly improved by a technique in which the telescope is made to execute small pointing steps during each exposure so as to broaden the effective point‐spread function (PSF) of the system to a value more compatible with the pixel size of our CCD detector. Experiments during a preliminary survey (spring 2003) of two star fields with the HAT‐5 instrument allowed us to optimize the HAT photometric precision using this method of PSF broadening; in this way we have been able to achieve a precision as good as 2 mmag on brighter stars. We briefly describe development of a network of longitudinally spaced HAT telescopes (HATNet).
System for micro generation and energy storage, state of the art — Example of the piezoelectric effect

The number of electronic devices has been increasing as well as the features that are offered to the business community, government and individuals. Associated with the increase in the capacity of equipment's in terms of speed and interfaces there is an increase in power consumption. However, not forgetting this, there is a strong focus by the hardware manufacturers to reduce consumption of microprocessors, with several examples in the market with very low power consumption. This advance allows a window of opportunity for many applications that were inaccessible. With the reduction of consumption and a careful selectivity in equipment's peripherals, etc., one can use renewable energy sources with very low production for use in emerging applications. This article illustrates an example of an electric energy production and shows an example in terms of very low power energy production techniques, presenting an application for the electric sector. The main focus will be on an example about piezoelectric energy production used as an education topic. The idea is to capture the energy of the people when walking, using sensors in shoes. Tests were conducted with different types of shoes, to determine the importance of the shoe sole materials. Then, to the same shoe, tests were conducted to study the person riding behavior and various experiences were lead to determine the best position of the sensors in the shoe. Finally, for the same set of sensors in the shoe, different motion profiles were performed to characterize the power production profile. The electronics which could be used, given the energy production values for performing tasks of biomedical instrumentation was then studied. Many examples of using the piezoelectric effect for energy production can be found, for football stadiums, clubs, public buildings, hypermarkets, with examples relating production of 8.400 watts per second. Many new techniques are also been explored like how to harness the body's own energy to power medical devices among others. Installing self-powered sensors in people working in the power electric sector, can be important to detect how they behave. For students in classrooms this is an important technique also, for teachers or for themselves, to detect their emotional state, for example, when dealing with electric machines lab topics or high voltage systems laboratories — the importance is also in a self-powered instrumentation system using micro generation energy [11]-[12].
Improved method for ALT plan optimization

Candidate test plans with 3 stress levels (L, M, H) were identified using the probability of zero failures at one or more stress levels Pr{ZFP1} as a target parameter. For a given sample size n, the allocations nL and nM are input variables. The optimization involves finding a minimum for the lower stress level, on the premise that plans with wider spread of the stress levels have smaller error of the time-to-failure (TTF) extrapolated to the use stress condition. The only constraint is equal spacing of the stress levels, in terms of the standardized stress (ξ). The proposed method does not require computation of the large sample approximate variance (Avar). The optimization can be conveniently done using a spreadsheet and is quite flexible, enabling different censor times to be used for each stress level and can be readily extended to 4 or more stress levels. Monte Carlo simulation of the candidate test plans was used to verify the assumption that the variance of the extrapolated TTF is proportional to the lower stress ξL, for a given allocation. The optimized test plans and variance of the estimated time to 10% failure are similar to those previously published, using the same planning values. Although the optimization method identifies acceptable candidate test plans, there may be other allocations (with slightly higher ξL) that give lower variance of the estimated TTF. However, the difference is typically within the resolution of the stress factor (e.g. ∆T <1 °C) and the uncertainty of the estimated parameter. Monte Carlo simulation can be used to fine tune candidate test plans found by the optimization method.
Transmission of M-QAM signals using an unisolated DFB laser

We examine the transmission of M-ary quadrature-amplitude modulated (M-QAM) signals using an unisolated distributed-feedback (DFB) laser. Since forward-error-correction is readily available, it is employed in the experiments. We demonstrate that unisolated DFB's can transmit over 80 64-QAM channels; these could carry 500 compressed video channels.
Changes in neural activity associated with learning to articulate novel auditory pseudowords by covert repetition

Learning to articulate novel combinations of phonemes that form new words through a small number of auditory exposures is crucial for development of language and our capacity for fluent speech, yet the underlying neural mechanisms are largely unknown. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to reveal repetition–suppression effects accompanying such learning and reflecting discrete changes in brain activity due to stimulus‐specific fine‐tuning of neural representations. In an event‐related design, subjects were repeatedly exposed to auditory pseudowords, which they covertly repeated. Covert responses during scanning and postscanning overt responses showed evidence of learning. An extensive set of regions activated bilaterally when listening to and covertly repeating novel pseudoword stimuli. Activity decreased, with repeated exposures, in a subset of these areas mostly in the left hemisphere, including premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal cortex, and cerebellum. The changes most likely reflect more efficient representation of the articulation patterns of these novel words in two connected systems, one involved in the perception of pseudoword stimuli (in the left superior temporal cortex) and one for processing the output of speech (in the left frontal cortex). Both of these systems contribute to vocal learning. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of anatomical noise on optimal beam quality in mammography.

PURPOSE Beam-quality optimization in digital mammography traditionally considers detection of a target obscured by quantum noise in a homogeneous background. This does not correspond well to the clinical imaging task because real mammographic images contain a complex superposition of anatomical structures, resulting in anatomical noise that may dominate over quantum noise. The purpose of this paper is to assess the influence on optimal beam quality in mammography when anatomical noise is taken into account. METHODS The detectability of microcalcifications and masses was quantified using a theoretical ideal-observer model that included quantum noise as well as anatomical noise and a simplified model of a photon-counting mammography system. The outcome was experimentally verified using two types of simulated tissue phantoms. RESULTS The theoretical model showed that the detectability of tumors and microcalcifications behaves differently with respect to beam quality and dose. The results for small microcalcifications were similar to what traditional optimization methods yield, which is to be expected because quantum noise dominates over anatomical noise at high spatial frequencies. For larger tumors, however, low-frequency anatomical noise was the limiting factor. Because anatomical structure noise has similar energy dependence as tumor contrast, the optimal x-ray energy was found to be higher and the useful energy region was wider than traditional methods suggest. A simplified scalar model was able to capture this behavior using a fitted noise mixing parameter. The phantom measurements confirmed these theoretical results. CONCLUSIONS It was shown that since quantum noise constitutes only a small fraction of the noise, the dose could be reduced substantially without sacrificing tumor detectability. Furthermore, when anatomical noise is included, the tube voltage can be increased well beyond what is conventionally considered optimal and used clinically, without loss of image quality. However, no such conclusions can be drawn for the more complex mammographic imaging task as a whole.
A Note on EM Algorithm for Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis

In many text collections, we encounter the scenario that a document contains multiple topics. Extracting such topics/subtopics/themes from the text collection is important for many text mining tasks, such as search result organization, subtopic retrieval, passage segmentation, document clustering, and contextual text mining. A well accepted practice is to explain the generation of each document with a probabilistic topic model. In such a model, every topic is represented by a multinomial distribution on the vocabulary (i.e., a unigram language model). Correspondingly, such a probabilistic topic model is usually chosen to be a mixture model of k components, each of which is a topic. One of the standard probabilistic topic models is the Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA), which is also known as Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing (PLSI) when used in information retrieval [3]. The basic idea of PLSA is to treat the words in each document as observations from a mixture model where the component models are the topic word distributions. The selection of different components are controlled by a set of mixing weights. Words in the same document share the same mixing weights. We may add a component of background and use it to explain the non-topical words (functional words) with a background word distribution. Specifically, letθ1, . , θk bek topic unigram language models (i.e., word distributions) and θB be a background model for the whole collectionC. A word w in a document d is regarded as a sample of the following mixture model (based on word generation).