Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mekanisme Aktivitas ROS, Ekspresi p53 dan Caspase 3 serta Kematian Sel Neuron Korteks Serebrum Embrional Mencit (Mus musculus) Akibat Pajanan Insektisida Karbofuran : Penelitian Eksperimental Laboratorik

The aim of this study was to describe the process of neuronal cell death in cerebral cortex caused by exposure to insecticide carbofuran in embryonic period. This laboratory experimental study used 81 mice fetuses from 27 breeding mice and carbofuran was exposed with gavage in 6-15 days gestation in a dose of 0.0417 mg/kg BW and 0.0208 mg/kg BW. At 17 days of gestation the mice were sacrificed and the fetuses were taken to measure cerebral activity of ROS (malondialdehyde/MDA and superoxide dismutase/SOD) and calculating the average number of embryonic cerebral cortex neuron cells that undergo apoptosis using Apoptag Apoptosis Detection Kit and necrosis using HE staining. Assessment of p53 and caspase 3 expression used immunohistochemistry. The results of calculation of ROS activity, necrosis, apoptosis, calculation of p53 and caspase 3 expression were averaged and analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) and least significant difference test (LSD). It was concluded that the insecticide carbofuran exposure during embrionic period may increase the activity of embryonal cerebral ROS characterized by elevated levels of MDA (p<0.05), and decreased SOD (p<0.01), increased p53 and of caspase 3 expression, and cerebral cortical neurons cell death either by necrosis or apoptosis (p<0.05). At the low dose (0.0208 mg/kg), carbofuran insecticide can lead to increased expression of p53, caspase 3 and apoptosis. At the high dose (0.0417 mg/kg), it can lead to increased levels of MDA and necrosis. There is a correlation between the dose of carbofuran exposure and MDA levels and p53 expression. There was a high correlation between the dose of exposed carbofuran and SOD activity. There is a correlation between the SOD activity and MDA levels and p53 expression. There is a correlation between the expression of p53 and caspase 3, and cells undergoing apoptosis and necrosis. There is a high correlation between the expression of caspase 3 with cells undergoing apoptosis. Increased expression p53 and caspase 3 and apoptosis showed that the insecticide carbofuran caused apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. The fact that the increased apoptoric embryonal neurons open an opportunity of prevention and treatment of the effect of ROS activities due to carbofuran insecticide exposure during pregnancy.
GndNet: Fast Ground Plane Estimation and Point Cloud Segmentation for Autonomous Vehicles

Ground plane estimation and ground point segmentation is a crucial precursor for many applications in robotics and intelligent vehicles like navigable space detection and occupancy grid generation, 3D object detection, point cloud matching for localization and registration for mapping. In this paper, we present GndNet, a novel end-to-end approach that estimates the ground plane elevation information in a grid-based representation and segments the ground points simultaneously in real-time. GndNet uses PointNet and Pillar Feature Encoding network to extract features and regresses ground height for each cell of the grid. We augment the SemanticKITTI dataset to train our network. We demonstrate qualitative and quantitative evaluation of our results for ground elevation estimation and semantic segmentation of point cloud. GndNet establishes a new state-of-the-art, achieves a run-time of 55Hz for ground plane estimation and ground point segmentation.
A novel grouping proof authentication protocol for lightweight devices: GPAPXR+

: Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags that meet EPC Gen2 standards are used in many fields such as supply chain operations. The number of the RFID tags, smart cards, wireless sensor nodes, and Internet of things devices is increasing day by day and the areas where they are used are expanding. These devices are very limited in terms of the resources they have. For this reason, many security mechanisms developed for existing computer systems cannot be used for these devices. In order to ensure secure communication, it is necessary to provide authentication process between these lightweight devices and the devices they communicate. The authentication process is the first step that allows the parties to trust each other for communication. Moreover, the authentication protocol should allow simultaneous verification of multiple lightweight devices. Therefore, grouping proof authentication protocol is required. In this study, a new grouping proof authentication protocol is developed for lightweight devices. The proposed protocol implemented on wireless identification and sensing platform passive RFID tag, uses embedded advanced encryption standard encryption method to encrypt transmitted data. Security of the protocol was first evaluated and verified theoretically, then by a tool used for automatic verification of security protocols, called Scyther tool.
Intelligent tutoring systems in higher education : towards enhanced dimensions

This paper describes how intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) improve flexible learning in higher education. The benefits of ITSs over course management systems (CMSs) are discussed, and we demonstrate how the traditionally used dimensions of flexibility can be enhanced to tackle the challenges that higher education is facing from an abundance of online educational products and services. In addition, a new data-driven approach to analyzing questions about flexible learning is suggested, which could lead to better-optimized settings for flexible learning.
Sparsity Preserved Canonical Correlation Analysis

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) describes the relationship between two sets of variables by finding linear combinations of the variables with maximal correlation. Recently, under the assumption that the leading canonical correlation directions are sparse, various procedures have been proposed for many high-dimensional applications to improve the interpretability of CCA. However all these procedures have the inconvenience of not preserving the sparsity among the retained leading canonical directions. To address this issue, a new sparse CCA method is proposed in this paper. It is derived within a penalized alternative least squares framework where the $l_{2}^{1}$-norm is used as a penalty promoting block sparsity. The proposed method has the advantage of generating the same sparsity pattern across all retained canonical correlation components. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated in a simulation study.
Entropic Ranks: A Methodology for Enhanced, Threshold-Free, Information-Rich Data Partition and Interpretation

Background: Here, we propose a threshold-free selection method for the identification of differentially expressed features based on robust, non-parametric statistics, ensuring independence from the statistical distribution properties and broad applicability. Such methods could adapt to different initial data distributions, contrary to statistical techniques, based on fixed thresholds. This work aims to propose a methodology, which automates and standardizes the statistical selection, through the utilization of established measures like that of entropy, already used in information retrieval from large biomedical datasets, thus departing from classical fixed-threshold based methods, relying in arbitrary p-value and fold change values as selection criteria, whose efficacy also depends on degree of conformity to parametric distributions,. Methods: Our work extends the rank product (RP) methodology with a neutral selection method of high information-extraction capacity. We introduce the calculation of the RP entropy of the distribution, to isolate the features of interest by their contribution to its information content. Goal is a methodology of threshold-free identification of the differentially expressed features, which are highly informative about the phenomenon under study. Conclusions: Applying the proposed method on microarray (transcriptomic and DNA methylation) and RNAseq count data of varying sizes and noise presence, we observe robust convergence for the different parameterizations to stable cutoff points. Functional analysis through BioInfoMiner and EnrichR was used to evaluate the information potency of the resulting feature lists. Overall, the derived functional terms provide a systemic description highly compatible with the results of traditional statistical hypothesis testing techniques. The methodology behaves consistently across different data types. The feature lists are compact and rich in information, indicating phenotypic aspects specific to the tissue and biological phenomenon investigated. Selection by information content measures efficiently addresses problems, emerging from arbitrary thresh-holding, thus facilitating the full automation of the analysis.
Studies of the Selected Mechanical Properties of Banana (Cavendish Var.)

ABSTRACT During banana processing, knowledge of the mechanical properties of bananas is very important. To determine these mechanical properties, a shear-pressure loading test was used with three moisture content levels, three velocities for lowering the lever during the test, and two methods of placement in the pressure test with the force-deformation diagram and extracting from it. In the shear test, there was a significant relationship between the moisture content effect and the three mechanical properties. The maximum and minimum amounts of failure stress at the moisture content levels of 85.39% and 65.58% for the side and the internal arc of the banana placement methods occurred, respectively. Additionally, the maximum and minimum failure strain amounts at a moisture content of 71.64% for the second and first placement occurred, respectively. The maximum and minimum modulus of elasticity at the moisture content levels of 85.39 w.b. % and 71.64 w.b. % for the first and second placement occurred.
Saberes locales en huertas de montaña del sur de los Andes: un refugio de memoria biocultural mapuche pewenche

Montane homegardens are key socio-ecological systems for agricultural production and family consumption. Care and management lies mainly on the hands of women who developed diverse agricultural practices that they have learned and nurtured due to the transmission of local knowledge. With a mixed methodological approach, which included land property characterization, semi-structured interviews and focus groups, this work compiled and systematized the local wisdom, associated with knowledge, practices and beliefs, of mapuche-pewenche communities from southern Chile. We identified three categories of wisdom associated with the management of montane homegardens: i) control of pathogenic organisms, ii) fertility of the soil, and iii) design and stewardship of farm systems. This wisdom contributes to build a biocultural memory associated with homegardens that has endured over time and has been transmitted through generations. Recalling this memory allows maintaining the past alive, comprehend the present and sustainably shape the future of small-scale agriculture in ancestral Mapuche-Pewenche territory of the southern Andes.
Biocidal effect of deltametrin against Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) in laboratory conditions

This study was carried out to determine the effect of deltamethrin, which is used against some urban pests, on T.pityocampa Schiff under laboratory conditions. The recommended dose of the biocidal against urban pests (60 ml / 10 liter of water), half dose (30 ml / 10 liters of water) and quarter dose (15 ml / 10 liters of water) were used in the study. At the highest dose of the biocidal, on day 1 (60 ml / 10 liters of water) 77.5% mortality was detected, day 3 showed 82.50% and day 5 showed 90% mortality. On day 5 of the study, the LD50 value for T.pityocampa Schiff was 34.03 and LD90 56,21. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the Exdel 5 SC (Deltamethrin) has a biocidal effect for pine processionary moth.
OPTOELECTRONIC STUDY OF DOUBLE PEROVSKITE Rb2SnBr6: A FIRST PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS

The aim of this research work is to investigate the structural, mechanical, electronic and optical properties of double perovskite Rb2SnBr6 by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculated lattice parameter is in sensible agreement with the on the market experimental information. From Paugh’s ductility index (B/G), it shows that Rb2SnBr6 is brittle at ambient conditions. The Zener anisotropy factor confirms the anisotropic nature of this compound. The calculated energy band structures indicate that Rb2SnBr6 is a direct band gap semiconductor, with the band gap of 1.228 eV using PBE potentials. In this work, the optical properties such as dielectric constants, refractive index, conductivity, extinction coefficient, loss function, and reflectivity have been studied and reported for radiation up to 20 eV. It is found that the reflectivity is about 50% in the ultraviolet (UV) region regions up to ~11 eV of incident radiation.
Global and chromosome-specific consequences of aneuploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Aneuploidy, an unbalanced karyotype in which one or more chromosomes are present in excess or reduced copy number, causes an array of known cellular phenotypes including proteotoxicity, genomic instability and slowed proliferation. Organisms with constitutional genomic imbalance are less fit than their euploid counterparts, and aneuploidy is the leading cause of spontaneous abortion in humans. Although much has been discovered about the phenotypic consequences of aneuploidy over the past decade, an unbiased investigation into aneuploid cell biology was previously lacking. We performed high-throughput screens for genes whose deletion has a synthetic fitness cost in aneuploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells containing single extra chromosomes. This analysis identified genes that when deleted decrease the fitness of specific disomic strains as well as those that impair the proliferation of a broad range of aneuploidies. We find that single gene duplications can cause severe phenotypic impact in aneuploid yeast and that aneuploid cells, regardless of karyotype, exhibit protein secretion and cell wall integrity defects, highlighting the complexity of aneuploid cell biology. Additionally, we identify a deubiquitinase, Ubp3, whose deletion broadly impairs aneuploid yeast cell fitness via both karyotype-dependent and karyotype-independent mechanisms. Deletion of UBP3 severely exacerbates proteotoxicity in aneuploid yeast and impairs proteasome function. Indeed, our data suggest that Ubp3 has a role in maintaining full proteasome activity in euploid cells. Finally, this synthetic effect is conserved; depletion of the human homolog of UBP3, USPO, impairs aneuploid human cell fitness via severe inhibition of autophagy. Thus, we used a genome-wide screen in yeast to identify novel cellular consequences of aneuploidy across organisms. Interestingly, the vast majority of cancer cells are highly aneuploid, so this approach could be of further use in identifying both karyotype-specific and nonspecific stresses and susceptibilities of cancer cells as potential targets for the development of therapeutics. Thesis supervisor: Angelika Amon Title: Kathleen and Curtis Marble Professor of Cancer Research
Metamaterial acoustics on the Poincaré disk

Historically, the Poincaré disk model has taken a pioneering role in the development of non‐Euclidean geometry. But still today, this model is critical as a playground for simulations and new theories. In this paper, we discuss how to implement and simulate acoustic wave phenomena on the Poincaré disk with the help of so‐called metamaterials. After formally developing a theory based on the acoustic potential for the curved spacetime of the Poincaré model, we also provide practical instructions on how to manufacture the appropriate metadevice in a laboratory environment. Finally, as an example, analytical results for the nontrivial radial contributions in concentric wave propagation are derived, and the corresponding numerical predictions are presented.
A Portable Smartphone-based Platform with an Offline Image-processing Tool for the Rapid Paper-based Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Artificial Saliva

In this study, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was integrated with a smartphone app capable of offline (without internet access) image processing and analysis for the rapid colorimetric detection of glucose. A self-inking stamp was used to form hydrophobic channels on a piece of paper-towel due to its superior water absorption efficiency. As demonstrated, the developed sensor was employed for the colorimetric detection of glucose in artificial saliva in the linear scope of 0 – 1 mM with a calculated detection limit of 29.65 μM. The experimental results show that the quantitative analysis of glucose with the proposed smartphone platform could be completed in less than one minute. The app developed for the smartphone platform is capable of extracting the color-changing area with an embedded image processing tool which could address the problem of color uniformity in the detection zones of μPAD. The integrated platform has great potential to be used for non-invasive measurements of glucose in body fluids, like tears, sweat and saliva.
The species of Astymachus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), potentially important parasitoids of Aclerdidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with grasses (Poaceae), with descriptions of three new species

ABSTRACT Species of Astymachus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are of potential economic importance as primary parasitoids of aclerdids (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) on grasses (Poaceae). We review the known species and describe three as new, bringing the total to eight. The species are characterised by means of a dichotomous key, diagnoses and illustrations and their known hosts are summarised. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:324E4AF7-3032-4573-98AC-CABAE316F33E
Elucidating Vacuolar H+-ATPase Subunit Interactions: A Systematic Structural Analysis

Osteoclasts resorb bone by expressing proton-pumping vacuolar type H+-ATPases (VATPases) on their cell surfaces. V-ATPases are composed of two domains (V1 and V0) containing many subunits, with some subunit isoforms being tissue/cell specific. a3, d2, and B2 isoforms are osteoclast enriched. Though the overall organization of the VATPase is understood, exact subunit interactions remain largely unknown. We hypothesize that delineating sites of the a3-B2 and a3-d2 interactions will identify novel targets for development of anti-osteolytics. We propose to narrow down the interaction regions to allow for future in silica drug discovery schemes. Truncated B2 and d2 fragments used in ELISA binding assays with purified NT-a3 suggest two interaction regions in B2 exist, reinforcing that, structurally, NT-a3 may be composed of two processes. The interactions of NT-a3 with B2 and d2 may be in a fluid flux where one interaction may occur during assembly, and another to stabilize the structure.
Smart wing load alleviation through optical fiber sensing, load identification, and deep reinforcement learning

The use of optical fiber sensors has been considered to realize smart structures, which can sense and respond to environments. To develop this concept in aviation, this paper reports on a smart wing framework that senses and responds to the environment to alleviate the wing structural loads. The wing is equipped with optical fiber sensors that measure the strain distributions on the wing surface. Considering the strains, a group of neural networks determine the wing load distributions and angle of attacks. This information is fed into a controller that drives multiple flaps to re-distribute the loads. The controller is trained via a deep reinforcement learning technique. The wind tunnel experiments demonstrated that the proposed closed-loop control could alleviate the bending moment by 56.6% on average over the test duration from the initial state while the total load variations could be maintained within a range of ±5 N for 87.1% of the test duration. The proposed approach was also applicable to another scenario involving variations in the target loads, and the results indicated the generalized applicability of the neural-network-based controller trained via deep reinforcement learning.
On the thin-film asymptotics of surface tension driven microfluidics

Abstract Recent technological advances have led to a novel class of microfluidic devices which can be rapidly fabricated by printing a fluid onto a solid substrate with flows generated passively via surface tension. The nonlinear dependence between flow and the heights of the conduits, however, prevent straightforward calculation of the resulting dynamics. In this paper we use matched asymptotic expansions to predict how flow through these devices can be tuned by changing their geometry. We begin with the simple ‘dumbbell’ configuration in which two fluid drops with different sizes are connected by a long, thin and narrow conduit. We calculate the time scale required for one drop to drain into the other and how this depends both on the geometry of the pinned contact line and volume of fluid deposited into the drops. Our model therefore provides the mechanistic basis to design conduits with a particular fluid flux and/or shear stress, which are often key experimental constraints. Our asymptotic predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement with numerical simulations even for moderate aspect ratios (the ratio of conduit width to length). Next, we show how our results for the simple dumbbell configuration can be extended to predict the flow through networks of conduits with multiple drops and nodes, and hence may assist in their design and implementation. This new mathematical framework has the potential to increase the use of surface tension driven microfluidics across a wide range of disciplines as it allows alternate designs to be rapidly assessed.