Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An optimised protocol for isolation of RNA through laser capture microdissection of leaf material

Laser Capture Microdissection is a powerful tool that allows thin slices of specific cells types to be separated from one another. However, the most commonly used protocol, which involves embedding tissue in paraffin wax, results in severely degraded RNA. Yields from low abundance cell types of leaves are particularly compromised. We reasoned that the relatively high temperature used for sample embedding, and aqueous conditions associated with sample preparation prior to microdissection contribute to RNA degradation. Here we describe an optimized procedure to limit RNA degradation that is based on the use of low melting point wax as well as modifications to sample preparation prior to dissection, and isolation of paradermal, rather than transverse sections. Using this approach high quality RNA suitable for down-stream applications such as quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions or RNA-sequencing is recovered from microdissected bundle sheath strands and mesophyll cells of leaf tissue.
Moderating Impact of Ownership Structure on Relationship of Equity Market Timing with Capital Structure on Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of market to book ratio on leverage change with ownership structure as moderating variable. The research sample is 41 companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange which conducted IPO in 2005 - 2010. The analysis period is five years after an IPO. The independent variable is market to book ratio, the dependent variable is leverage change and control variable is tangibility, profit and size. The moderating variables are managerial and institutional ownerships which included as ownership structure. This research is using data panel regression. The results show that companies in Indonesia pursued the equity market timing strategy because there is a positive effect of market to book ratio into equity issue and negative effect of market to book ratio into leverage change. The results also show that institutional ownership structure moderating the equity market timing. However, managerial ownership does not moderating the equity market timing.
An Extended Kalman Filter for sensorless direct torque controlled IPM synchronous motor drive

This paper investigates the application of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for closed-loop flux, torque and speed estimation of a direct torque controlled (DTC) IPMSM drive over a wide speed range. The EKF provides a recursive optimum state estimation for IPMSMs using terminal signals that may be polluted by noise. Furthermore, the EKF has robustness to parameter variations, disturbance rejection capabilities and accurate estimation abilities. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed EKF observer for DTC of IPMSMs.
Bounds of Uncertain Interference Between Closely Located Antennas

The uncertainty in the characteristics of two antennas located close together and operating at different frequencies is considered. The formulations of antenna performance indexes on one antenna by admittance parameters are obtained with respect to the load impedance at the feed point of the other antenna. All the antenna performance indexes obtained here are expressed as the ratio of quadratic functions of the load impedance, and exact formulas are derived for the quick calculation of their bounds with respect to the load impedance which is uncertain and changes with frequency.
An electric stress pulse technique for the measurement of charges in a plastic plate irradiated by an electron beam

The determination of the amount and distribution profile of charges in insulators has been studied by various methods, some of them utilizing thermal, mechanical and electrical stimulations. A new method incorporating pulse electrical stimulations and pulse acoustic detection is reported here, along with the preliminary results of the measurement of the amount and distribution profile of charges in electron-beam irradiated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples. The amount and the distribution of charges are obtained by the size and timing of acoustic signals produced in response to a high voltage impulse applied to the sample. Thus, determination of the profile of the spatial charge distribution in a sample became possible. A 5 mm thick PMMA plate irradiated with 1 MeV electrons at 0.5 −3.0 Mrads was found to trap charges of approximately −0.3 μC/cm2 at a mean depth of about 2 mm.
High performance ternary adder using CNTFET

This paper presents two new designs to implement a ternary half adder using Carbon Nanotubes Field Effect Transistors (CNFETs). Ternary logic is a promising alternative to conventional binary logic, since it is possible to accomplish simplicity and energy efficiency in modern digital design due to reduced circuit overhead such as interconnect and chip area. In this paper the authors are presenting two different novel ternary half adder circuits using ternary decoders and binary logic gates. The circuits are simulated using HSPICE to obtain power, delay and power delay product. The circuit performances are compared with the recently reported designs. The proposed ternary adders show delay and power advantage up to 40 and 39% with less transistor count. So, use of these half adders in complex arithmetic circuits will be advantageous.
PEEC-Based Multi-Objective Synthesis of Non-Uniformly Spaced Linear Antenna Arrays

Linear antenna arrays consisting of dipole antennas find wide applications in wireless communication systems. Typically, arrangements with uniform spacing between the array elements are applied to gain highly directive radiation patterns while controlling the radiation intensity in the side lobes. To describe such arrangements, the so-called pattern multiplication (PM) technique is frequently applied, which inherently neglects the inter-element coupling. In this paper, an antenna array arrangement with non-uniformly spacing between the array elements is synthesized in the multi-objective sense. Therefore, the PM technique is deficient. Hence, numerical techniques have to be applied to compute the electromagnetic field during the optimization process. Due to its simplicity and the consequently reduced computational costs, the partial element equivalent circuit method is applied within the field computation process. The optimization relies on a stochastic particle swarm optimization strategy, namely the firefly algorithm. In this paper, an extended version of the general algorithm with additional hierarchical clustering is applied. Special attention is drawn to the development of a suitable objective function.
Integrated Bluetooth and UWB Antenna

A small-sized, low-profile, and planar integrated Bluetooth and ultrawideband (UWB) antenna is presented. The antenna exhibits a dual-band operation covering 2400-2484 MHz (Bluetooth) and 3100-10600 MHz (UWB) frequency bands. It is fed by a microstrip line and built on a FR-4 substrate with 42times46 mm2 surface area. The impedance, radiation, phase linearity, and impulse response properties of the antenna are studied both theoretically and experimentally. The calculated and measured results agree well. The antenna shows acceptable gain flatness with stable omnidirectional radiation patterns across the integrated Bluetooth and UWB bands. The average group delay is approximately 0.2 ns across UWB frequencies. The impulse response is very good, with some level of ringing observed.
Hypothesis Testing Identification: A New Method For Bad Data Analysis In Power System State Estimation

The anomalous data identification procedures existing today in power system state estimation become problematic-if not totally unefficient-under stringent conditions, such as multiple and interacting bad data. The identification method presented in this paper attempts to alleviate these difficulties. It consists in :(i) computing measurement error estimates and using them as the random variables of concern;(ii) making decisions on the basis of a hypothesis testing which takes into account their statistical properties. Two identification techniques are then derived and further investigated and assessed by means of a realistic illustrative example. Conceptually novel, the identification methodology is thus shown to lead to practical procedures which are efficient, reliable and workable under all theoretically feasible conditions.
Orthogonal Axis Models for Asymmetrically Connected Induction Machines

This paper presents a new method for the transient analysis of induction machines with asymmetrical connection of the stator phases. The method is based on the unified theory of electrical machines and sets forth a convenient framework for depicting the machine together with the constraints of the system to be studied. Equivalent d-q-0 circuits are deduced for a number of specific connections and results of an analog computer simulation used to illustrate the proposed procedure.
A design approach for radiating cylindrical multilayered structures

We preset an efficient systematic design and optimization approach for cylindrical multilayer conformal antennas. The approach is based on Integral Equation Method (IEM) in connection with Method of Moment (MoM). The dyadic Green's function is computed in Spectral Domain (SD) in a Generalized Transmission Line model (GTL) [Biscotini, 2004], The current density distribution is computed by method of moment in SD as described in [Collin, 1991], The Space Domain (SPD) field is obtained integrating in closed form the SD field approximated using the Generalized Pencil of Function method (GPOF) [Chow, 1991], [Hua, 1990], [Tokgoz, 2000]. X Using an asymptotic approximation for obtaining the radiation characteristics, we show that a beam-shaping optimization can be done efficiently and systematically based on network concepts. The numerical computations are validated by measurements.
DSP based smart sensorless stepping motor driver for LHC collimators

In this paper, the real-time architecture of a DSP based sensorless stepping motor driver, capable of driving a motor over long power cables and estimating its position and load torque, is described. The testbench developed in order to test its performance when driving an axis of an LHC collimator is presented, along with the results achieved. It is shown that the proposed driver is capable of achieving position and load torque estimates which allow step loss to be detected and mechanical degradation to be evaluated without the need for physical sensors.
Vernalization-Mediated VIN3 Induction Overcomes the LIKE-HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1/POLYCOMB REPRESSION COMPLEX2-Mediated Epigenetic Repression1[C][W][OA]

VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE3 (VIN3) induction by vernalization is one of the earliest events in the vernalization response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, the mechanism responsible for vernalization-mediated VIN3 induction is poorly understood. Here, we show that the constitutive repression of VIN3 in the absence of the cold is due to multiple repressive components, including a transposable element-derived sequence, LIKE-HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 and POLYCOMB REPRESSION COMPLEX2. Furthermore, the full extent of VIN3 induction by vernalization requires activating complex components, including EARLY FLOWERING7 and EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS. In addition, we observed dynamic changes in the histone modifications present at VIN3 chromatin during the course of vernalization. Our results show that the induction of VIN3 includes dynamic changes at the level of chromatin triggered by long-term cold exposure.
FDTD Calculation of Cavity Resonant Frequencies in Case of Nonuniform Internal Magnetic Field Distribution

An FDTD formulation which can handle mom uniform internal magnetic field distributions is used to obtain resonant frequencies for a rectangular cavity filled with magnetic material. The nonuniform internal field distribution is obtained by an iterative method. The nonuniformity of the internal field should be considered when the applied field is of the same order as saturation magnetization, or when the magnetic device is small. It is assumed that the material is initially saturated in the direction of local internal field
Joint Constellation-Labeling Optimization for VLC-CSK Systems

In this letter, we have optimized the joint constellation-labeling for a finite number of signals in visible light communication (VLC) systems with color-shift keying (CSK) modulation by maximizing the pragmatic mutual information (PMI). First, an equivalent parallel channel model of the VLC-CSK system is constructed. Then the PMI is derived to be the objective function of the newly formulated joint constellation-labeling optimization problem of the VLC-CSK system. Simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and modified interior point method (MIPM) are adopted to solve the joint constellation-labeling optimization problem. Simulation results show that the proposed methods improve the PMI performance compared to the existing constellation-labeling scheme of signals, especially in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. Besides, it can been seen that the MIPM saves a large amount of computational time compared to the SA algorithm while achieving the same performance improvement.
Hybrid Dual Full-Bridge DC–DC Converter With Reduced Circulating Current, Output Filter, and Conduction Loss of Rectifier Stage for RF Power Generator Application

In this paper, a hybrid dual full-bridge dc-dc converter for radio frequency (RF) power generator application is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of a conventional phase-shift full-bridge (PSFB) converter such as the large circulating current of the primary side and large output filter size. The proposed converter adopts a dual full-bridge hybrid structure with a small series capacitor in the primary side and a full-bridge rectifier with two additional low-voltage-rated diodes in the secondary side. With this structure, the proposed converter has advantages of reduction of circulating current, zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation of all primary switches, size reduction of the output inductor, and low conduction loss of the rectifier stage. Furthermore, the proposed converter can regulate the output voltage very wide by changing the operational mode according to the output voltage. These advantages result in the improvement of whole load efficiency. The operational principle and analysis of the proposed converter are presented and analyzed. A 3-kW 40-200-V output laboratory prototype is designed and built to verify the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Qualidade de conjuntos de teste desoftware de código aberto: uma análisebaseada em critérios estruturais

O projeto QualiPSo (Quality Platform for Open Source Software) tem por objetivo investigar produtos de software de codigo gratuito/livre/aberto (Free/Libre/Open Source Software FLOSS) para definir requisitos de qualidade que sao importantes para se estabelecer a confiabilidade desses produtos. Uma das atividades do projeto QualiPSo visa avaliar a qualidade de conjuntos de teste desenvolvidos pelas comunidades de software livre. Esta dissertacao de mestrado esta inserida neste contexto e apresenta os resultados do emprego de criterios de teste estruturais como uma medida da qualidade de conjuntos de teste funcionais visando a identificar o estado-da-pratica das atividades de teste desempenhadas pelas comunidades de software livre, bem como, a contribuir no estabelecimento de uma estrategia de teste incremental para evoluir os conjuntos de testes.
Applications of the FDTD Method to Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse and Surge Simulations

Electromagnetic computation methods (ECMs) have been widely used in analyzing lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMPs) and lightning-caused surges in various systems. One of the advantages of ECMs, in comparison with circuit simulation methods, is that they allow a self-consistent full-wave solution for both the transient current distribution in a 3-D conductor system and resultant electromagnetic fields, although they are computationally expensive. Among ECMs, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for solving Maxwell's equations has been most frequently used in LEMP and surge simulations. In this paper, we review applications of the FDTD method to LEMP and surge simulations, including 1) lightning electromagnetic fields at close and far distances, 2) lightning surges on overhead power transmission line conductors and towers, 3) lightning surges on overhead distribution and telecommunication lines, 4) lightning electromagnetic environment in power substations, 5) lightning surges in wind-turbine-generator towers, 6) lightning surges in photovoltaic (PV) arrays, 7) lightning electromagnetic environment in electric vehicles (EVs), 8) lightning electromagnetic environment in airborne vehicles, 9) lightning surges and electromagnetic environment in buildings, and 10) surges on grounding electrodes.
A time efficient optical model for GATE simulation of a LYSO scintillation matrix used in PET applications

The dual planar head DoPET (Dosimetry with a Positron Emission Tomograph) tomograph was simulated using GATE (Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography) to evaluate the DoPET performance and its agreement with simulation results including all the relevant physical aspects. An optical model was proposed to predict with accuracy the asymmetrical deterioration of the energy resolution of the detector and at the same time to avoid a too long computation time when activating the optical processes in GATE. The proposed optical model was shown to be around three orders of magnitude faster than a DoPET simulation with GATE optical processes enabled. A good agreement was found between experimental and simulated data using the optical model. This points out that optical interactions inside the crystal elements induce a predictable degradation of the spectra information as acquired by DoPET. Finally, our proposed optical model could be useful to simulate a scintillation matrix and its read out by a position sensitive photomultiplier commonly employed in PET detectors.
Microstructure-Based Stress Modeling of Tin Whisker Growth

A 3-D finite element method (FEM) model considering the elasticity anisotropy, thermal expansion anisotropy, and plasticity of beta-Sn is established. The Voronoi diagrams are used to generate the geometric patterns of grains of the Sn coating on Cu leadframes. The crystal orientations are assigned to the Sn grains in the model using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement data of the samples. The model is applied to the Sn-plated package leads under thermal cycling tests. The strain energy density (SED) is calculated for each grain. It is observed that the samples with higher calculated SED are more likely to have longer Sn whiskers and higher whisker density. The FEM model, combined with the XRD measurement of the Sn finish, can be used as an effective indicator of the Sn whisker propensity. This may expedite the qualification process significantly
Numerical Integration by the 2-Stage Diagonally Implicit Runge-Kutta Method for Electromagnetic Transient Simulations

This paper proposes applying the two-stage diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta (2S-DIRK) method of numerical integration to the calculation of electromagnetic transients (EMTs) in a power system. The accuracy and the numerical stability of 2S-DIRK are almost the same as those of the trapezoidal method, while 2S-DIRK does not produce sustained numerical oscillation due to a sudden change of an inductor current or a capacitor voltage unlike the trapezoidal method. First, this paper reviews the 2S-DIRK integration scheme and derives the 2S-DIRK formulas of inductors and capacitors for both linear and nonlinear cases. Then, analytical comparisons of 2S-DIRK with the trapezoidal, backward Euler, and Gear-Shichman methods are carried out, and numerical examples which verify the analytical comparisons are shown. Finally, 2S-DIRK is compared with critical damping adjustment (CDA) implemented in electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) for some simulation cases.
Planning Multimedia Explanations Using Communicative Acts

A number of researchers have investigated the use of planbased approaches to generate textual explanations (e.g., Appelt 1985; Hovy 1988; Moore 1989; Maybury 1990b). This paper extends this approach to generate multimedia explanations by defining three types of communicative acts: linguistic acts (illocutionary and locutionary speech acts), visual acts (e.g., deictic acts), and media-independent rhetorical acts (e.g., identify, describe). This paper formalizes several of these communicative acts as operators in the library of a hierarchical planner. A computational implementation is described which uses these plan operators to compose route plans in coordinated natural language and graphics in the context of a cartographic information system.
Improving phase estimation with leakage minimization

This paper presents possibilities of an error reduction of the phase estimation with an interpolated discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The properties of interpolations are studied for the rectangular and Hanning windows with respect to their ability for correction systematic effects. The correction is improved by considering the leakage effect of the component spectrum. Uncertainties of the phase estimations have been studied. The simulation and experimental results are presented, showing the effectiveness in estimating the phase of the signal component.
Changes and socioeconomic factors associated with attitudes towards domestic violence among Vietnamese women aged 15–49: findings from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, 2006–2011

Background Understanding factors associated with domestic violence-supportive attitudes among Vietnamese women is important for designing effective policies to prevent this behavior. Previous studies have largely overlooked risk factors associated with domestic violence-supportive attitudes by women in Vietnam. Objective This paper explores and identifies socioeconomic factors that contribute to domestic violence–supportive attitudes among Vietnamese women using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). Design Secondary data from two cross-sectional studies (MICS 3, 2006, and MICS 4, 2011) with representative samples (9,471 and 11,663 women, respectively) in Vietnam were analyzed. The prevalence of supportive attitudes toward domestic violence and associations with age, residence region, area, education level, household wealth index, ethnicity, and marital status were estimated using descriptive statistics and multivariate Poisson models, giving estimates of relative risk. Results Overall, the prevalence of acceptance of domestic violence declined between 2006 and 2011 in Vietnam (65.1% vs. 36.1%). Socioeconomic factors associated with women's condoning of domestic violence were age, wealth, education level, and living area. In particular, younger age and low educational attainment were key factors associated with violence-supportive attitudes, and these associations have become stronger over time. Conclusion Higher educational attainment in women is an important predictor of women's attitudes toward domestic violence. To date, Doi Moi and the Vietnamese government's commitment to the Millennium Development Goals may have positively contributed to lowering the acceptance of domestic violence. Tailored interventions that focus on education will be important in further changing attitudes toward domestic violence.