Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FBD-method based controller for shunt active power filters in marine vessels

Shunt active power filters (SAPFs) based on the Fryze-Buchholz-Depenbrock (FBD) method allow electrical power quality (PQ) disturbances related to the load current consumption to be compensated. However, SAPF controllers based on this method require a stable grid fundamental frequency in order to operate properly. In case of isolated electrical grids suffering severe PQ disturbances, which is the case of ships electrical systems, the fundamental grid frequency can be very unstable, which reduces the SAPF performance due to an erroneous evaluation of the equivalent averaged load conductance (Ge). This paper presents a new approach for the evaluation of Ge which attenuates the impact of frequency variations. As a consequence, the performance of the SAPF is improved. Simulation results are given in order to evaluate the proposed controller.
Genomic diversity of human papillomavirus genotype 53 in an ethnogeographically closed cohort of white European women

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype 53 is classified taxonomically in alpha HPV genus–species 6, together with HPV‐30, HPV‐56, and HPV‐66 and is considered to be one of three “probable high‐risk” HPV genotypes. Recent worldwide comparison of 44 isolates of HPV‐53 showed the existence of nine long control region (LCR) genomic variants, which formed a phylogenetic tree with two deep dichotomic branches. In order to investigate further the genomic diversity of HPV‐53, a total of 94 isolates of HPV‐53 obtained from an ethnogeographically closed cohort of 70 white European women was analyzed. The identification and characterization of HPV‐53 genomic variants was based on analysis of three different HPV genomic regions: LCR, E6 and E7. A higher genomic diversity of HPV‐53 was identified in the ethnogeographically closed cohort of white European women than has been reported previously on isolates collected worldwide. Altogether, 19 HPV‐53 genomic variants, composed of 13 LCR, 13 E6, and 5 E7 genomic variants, were identified. Eleven out of 13 LCR, all E6, and four out of five E7 genomic variants were described for the first time. The present study confirmed dichotomic phylogeny of HPV‐53 described previously and, in addition, showed for the first time that after a dichotomic split, both groups of HPV‐53 genomic variants formed star‐like phylogenetic clusters. In women with persistent HPV‐53 infection, HPV‐53 genomic variants remained unchanged for up to 51 months. In rare cases, infection with multiple HPV‐53 genomic variants is possible. Taking into account the results of this and previous studies, at least 26 different HPV‐53 genomic variants exist today. J. Med. Virol. 79:431–438, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Internet of 'Mysterious' Things

This fictional story uses technological advances in the fields of sensor technology, personal area network communications, and ambient assisted living, to explore the possibilities for future assisted health and wellbeing. It occurs in three time frames: past, present and slightly into the future (Sept 2011). Most of the hardware mentioned in the story is working, either in everyday life or is under development by companies for specialist sports and leisure applications. However the sensor to predict acute myocardial infarction is speculative and may be seen as the 'holy grail' of sensors, facilitating prediction of adverse events, and allowing preemptive treatment. Communication within the personal area network and to/from the Internet, realizes the concept of an "Internet of Things". As always the software struggles to catch up with the hardware, in order to provide a usable and reliable system. The software is depicted as a set of communicating intelligent agents, under the control of a dubious 'virtual' coach, and this introduces uncertainty and mystery. The story unwinds during the Berlin marathon 2011, a fitting setting to test whether stress can be assessed using ambulatory technology. Hans Fallada's novel, "Alone in Berlin" set in the 1940's and David Bowie's Berlin trilogy of alternative music recordings, produced in the late 70's, provide ominous and foreboding backdrops to the story.
Binary exposure of A549 cells to benzo[a]pyrene and UVC radiation yields enhanced DNA damage in the comet assay but no enhancement of 8‐oxo‐deoxyguanosine

Exposure to mutagens often occurs as combinations of agents or complex mixtures of chemicals. When studying the genotoxic effects of mutagens in vitro it is usual to study the effects of individual agents in order to understand the types of DNA damage or mutations induced by each agent. Only a few studies have evaluated mutations induced by complex mixtures in bacterial mutation assays [DeMarini, 1998]. We are interested in understanding how genotoxic endpoints such as DNA damage and mutation induction are altered during combination exposures. We have previously shown that binary exposure of plasmid DNA to benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) and UV irradiation leads to an enhancement of both DNA single-strand breaks and induced mutations in the supF assay compared to the equivalent individual treatments [Routledge et al., 2001]. Furthermore, the mutations induced by the combination treatment showed a preferential increase in the types of mutations consistent with BPDE exposure (G:C3T:A) rather than those most common from UV exposure (G: C3A:T), even though the amount of BPDE damage on the plasmid was not increased. The previous experiments were performed with naked DNA treated in solution. Here, we have extended this work to examine genotoxic effects of the binary treatment of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and UVC in human lung epithelial A549 cells exposed in culture. These cells express the enzyme cytochrome P450 1A1 in response to exposure to BP [Urani et al., 1998; Hukkanen et al., 2000]. Cytochrome P450 1A1 activates BP to a reactive intermediate that forms DNA adducts [Conney, 1982], which means that these cells can metabolize BP to form DNA adducts. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen Leader Protein Induces Expression of Thymus- and Activation-Regulated Chemokine in B Cells

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen leader protein (EBNA-LP) plays a critical role in transformation of primary B lymphocytes to continuously proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). To identify cellular genes in B cells whose expression is regulated by EBNA-LP, we performed microarray expression profiling on an EBV-negative human B-cell line, BJAB cells, that were transduced by a retroviral vector expressing the EBV EBNA-LP (BJAB-LP cells) and on BJAB cells that were transduced with a control vector (BJAB-vec cells). Microarray analysis led to the identification of a cellular gene encoding the CC chemokine TARC as a novel target gene that was induced by EBNA-LP. The levels of TARC mRNA expression and TARC secretion were significantly up-regulated in BJAB-LP compared with BJAB-vec cells. Induction of TARC was also observed when a subline of BJAB cells was converted by a recombinant EBV. Among the EBV-infected B-cell lines with the latency III phenotype that were tested, the LCLs especially secreted significantly high levels of TARC. The level of TARC secretion appeared to correlate with the level of full-length EBNA-LP expression. These results indicate that EBV infection induces TARC expression in B cells and that EBNA-LP is one of the viral gene products responsible for the induction.
Factor structure of DSM‐III‐R personality disorders shown by self‐report questionnaire: implications for classifying and assessing personality disorders

A modified version of the revised Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ‐R), based on DSM‐III‐R personality disorders (PD), was completed by 74 psychiatric patients. A factor analysis of the scores for each of the PD (i.e. of the number of positive DSM‐III‐R criteria for each of the PD) yielded 3 factors that defined 3 PD clusters. These were similar to the 3 DSM‐III‐R PD clusters for 7 of the 11 PD categories. The 3‐group solution of a cluster analysis of the patients (using their scores of positive criteria for each of the PD) did not reflect these factors; the main discriminating variable between the 3 groups of patients was the total number of positive PD criteria. It is suggested that, for the routine assessment of patients, the most important derivative of the DSM‐III‐R classification of PD is the total score of positive PD criteria.
Intellectual property awareness

Intellectual property (IP) systems depend on awareness of intellectual property yet study and measurement of this has hitherto been neglected. Components of and measures for IP awareness are discussed and studied using a large scale survey of UK industry. This addressed three main issues of: 1 IP knowledge and understanding 2 IP management practises 3 awareness and use of IP information and advice. IP awareness scales were constructed using both classical measurement theory and Rasch model scales. The survey showed that larger companies are more IP aware whilst SMEs and the mass of micro-enterprises are often effectively unaware of the IP system. The findings showed the importance of promoting IP awareness not just to firms but also within firms and that promoting IP awareness to smaller companies is vital to the system’s success.
A double-blind trial of the clinical effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields in osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE Further evaluation of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), which have been observed to produce numerous biological effects, and have been used to treat delayed union fractures for over a decade. METHODS In a pilot, double-blind randomized trial, 27 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), primarily of the knee, were treated with PEMF. Treatment consisted of 18 half-hour periods of exposure over about 1 month in a specially designed noncontact, air-coil device. Observations were made on 6 clinical variables at baseline, midpoint of therapy, end of treatment and one month later; 25 patients completed treatment. RESULTS An average improvement of 23-61% occurred in the clinical variables observed with active treatment, while 2 to 18% improvement was observed in these variables in placebo treated control patients. No toxicity was observed. CONCLUSION The decreased pain and improved functional performance of treated patients suggests that this configuration of PEMF has potential as an effective method of improving symptoms in patients with OA. This method warrants further clinical investigation.
System-level line-edge roughness limits in extreme ultraviolet lithography

As critical dimensions shrink, line-edge roughness (LER) and linewidth roughness become of increasing concern. Traditionally, LER is viewed as a resist-limited effect; however, as critical dimensions shrink and LER requirements become proportionally more stringent, system-level effects begin to play an important role. Recent advanced extreme-ultraviolet resist testing results have demonstrated lower bounds on achievable LER at the level of approximately 2–3nm. Here, the authors use modeling to demonstrate that a significant portion of this low bound may, in fact, be do to system-level effects and, in particular, the mask. Of concern are both LER on the mask as well as roughness of the multilayer reflector. Modeling also shows roughness (flare) in the projection optics not to be of concern.
Analysis of Emotions in Real-time Twitter Streams

The purpose of this paper is to present EmoTwitter 2.0, a system for visualizing discussions and emotions of Twitter users in real time over a specific geographical location. The system, given location information as input, streams users’ tweets posted in real time using the Twitter API. In addition, using content analysis, it extracts and visualizes the most frequent words and emotional content of the streamed tweets. Through demonstrations of potential use cases and testing, the system has shown to have practical applicability. It provides an opportunity to easily visualize and compare the discussions of people on Twitter in certain geographical locations, which can be useful, for instance, in targeted messaging.
Neuropathic pain promotes adaptive changes in gene expression in brain networks involved in stress and depression

Common changes in signaling pathway–associated gene expression may explain why chronic pain or stress can lead to depression. Molecular links between pain, stress, and depression Chronic stress or pain is associated with the development of depression. Mouse models suggest that chronic pain from nerve injury leads to the onset of depression-like behaviors. Descalzi et al. examined gene expression changes in the brain in mouse models of nerve injury– or chronic stress–induced depression. They found some common changes in the expression of genes encoding signaling pathway components (including those involved in inflammatory signaling) that also occur in patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. Analysis of knockout mice suggested that the molecular changes may be the result of global changes in chromatin acetylation. The findings not only identify molecular links between pain, stress, and depression but also provide a resource for further investigation and potential therapeutic development. Neuropathic pain is a complex chronic condition characterized by various sensory, cognitive, and affective symptoms. A large percentage of patients with neuropathic pain are also afflicted with depression and anxiety disorders, a pattern that is also seen in animal models. Furthermore, clinical and preclinical studies indicate that chronic pain corresponds with adaptations in several brain networks involved in mood, motivation, and reward. Chronic stress is also a major risk factor for depression. We investigated whether chronic pain and stress affect similar molecular mechanisms and whether chronic pain can affect gene expression patterns that are involved in depression. Using two mouse models of neuropathic pain and depression [spared nerve injury (SNI) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)], we performed next-generation RNA sequencing and pathway analysis to monitor changes in gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the periaqueductal gray (PAG). In addition to finding unique transcriptome profiles across these regions, we identified a substantial number of signaling pathway–associated genes with similar changes in expression in both SNI and CUS mice. Many of these genes have been implicated in depression, anxiety, and chronic pain in patients. Our study provides a resource of the changes in gene expression induced by long-term neuropathic pain in three distinct brain regions and reveals molecular connections between pain and chronic stress.
Effect of Board Composition and Structure on performance of Kenya Football Premium League

Football is an “industry” and clubs “businesses” characterized by competition for resources. The opportunities presented by expanding markets and the challenges of an environment characterized by increasing competition require that clubs successfully position themselves to build sustainable, competitive advantage. The main aim of the study was to analyze the effects of board composition and structure on performance of soccer management in Kenya Premium League. The study adopted descriptive research design taking 96 elected officials and 48 employees giving a total of 144 target population who understood key issues of football governance as the target population of the study. The study used probability sampling random sampling technique to select the respondents. Data was collected using both primary data collection tools. Structured questionnaires administered to the selected respondents was used elicit information related to governance structure of the Clubs whereas both structured questionnaire and secondary data collection form was used to collect information related to Kenya Football Premium League Performance. In spite of board membership being drawn from members who were not necessarily footballs, the board lacked wider representation in terms of gender, institutional representation like the government, age variability making the board not to have the face of Kenya, that is most clubs were aligned to specific tribe or counties, the idea which was a replica of their respective boards.
Principles of Within Electrode Current Steering ( WECS )

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique that involves non-invasive delivery of weak direct current (1-2 mA) to the brain. Conventionally, tDCS employs rectangular saline-soaked sponge pads (25-35 cm) placed on the scalp, with an internal electrode connected to the current source. Impedance measurement across the current source output may fail to recognize non-uniform conditions at the skin interface such an uneven content or saturation. tDCS is well tolerated with minor adverse effects limited to transient skin irritation [1]. Nonetheless, technology that enhances the sophistication of electrode design would further enhance tolerability and promote broad (e.g. home) use. In order to enhance the reliability and tolerability of tDCS, we describe a novel method called Within Electrode Current Steering (WECS). This concept is distinct from (across electrode) current steering, as developed for implanted devices such as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), where current is steered between electrodes that are each in contact with tissue, with the goal of changing desired brain regions that are activated [2]. WECS adjusts current between electrodes not in contact with tissue but rather embedded in an electrolyte on the body surface. The goal here is not to alter brain current flow, but rather compensate for non-ideal conditions at the surface. This technology leverages our technique for independently isolating electrode impedance and overpotential during multi-channel stimulation [3]. With a novel approach, the objective of this first paper was to demonstrate the principles of WECS using an exemplary electrode design typical for tDCS (4 rivetelectrode sponge) and extremes of current steering (from uniform in all rivets to a single rivet). Through Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation of this illustrative case, we validate the underlying assumptions of WECS: steering current within electrodes but without altering current distribution in brain target. Having presented this novel idea through an exemplary case, this report supports future studies in optimization of electrode design, automation of algorithms to control current (including using impedance measurement), and ultimately validation under experimental conditions.
The Anti-Factor Xa Range For Low Molecular Weight Heparin Thromboprophylaxis

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are now the mainstay option in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. In some patients receiving therapeutic doses of LMWH, activity can be measured by quantifying the presence of Anti-factor Xa (AFXa) for dose adjustment. However, currently there are no guidelines for LMWH monitoring in patients on thromboprophylactic, doses, despite certain patient populations may be at risk of suboptimal dosing. This review found that while the AFXa ranges for therapeutic levels of LMWHs are relatively well defined in the literature, prophylactic ranges are much less clear, thus making it difficult to interpret current research data. From the studies published to date, we concluded that a reasonable AFXa target range for LMWH deep venous thromboses prophylaxis might be 0.2-0.5 IU/mL.
Estimating Probabilities of Default Til Schuermann and

We conduct a systematic comparison of confidence intervals around estimated probabilities of default (PD), using several analytical approaches from large-sample theory and bootstrapped small-sample confidence intervals. We do so for two different PD estimation methods—cohort and duration (intensity)—using twenty-two years of credit ratings data. We find that the bootstrapped intervals for the duration-based estimates are surprisingly tight when compared with the more commonly used (asymptotic) Wald interval. We find that even with these relatively tight confidence intervals, it is impossible to distinguish notch-level PDs for investment grade ratings—for example, a PDAAfrom a PDA+. However, once the speculative grade barrier is crossed, we are able to distinguish quite cleanly notch-level estimated default probabilities. Conditioning on the state of the business cycle helps; it is easier to distinguish adjacent PDs in recessions than in expansions. Correspondence to Til Schuermann, Research and Market Analysis Group, Federal Reserve Bank of New York (e-mail: til.schuermann@ny.frb.org). The authors thank Joshua Rosenberg, Marc Saidenberg, and seminar participants at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for their insightful comments. The authors assume responsibility for any remaining errors. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System.
The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: survey design and first data release

The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey is a survey of 240 000 emission-line galaxies in the distant Universe, measured with the AAOmega spectrograph on the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). The primary aim of the survey is to precisely measure the scale of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) imprinted on the spatial distribution of these galaxies at look-back times of 4–8 Gyr. The target galaxies are selected using ultraviolet (UV) photometry from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer satellite, with a flux limit of NUV < 22.8 mag . We also require that the targets are detected at optical wavelengths, specifically in the range 20.0 < r < 22.5 mag . We use the Lyman break method applied to the UV colours, with additional optical colour limits, to select high-redshift galaxies. The galaxies generally have strong emission lines, permitting reliable redshift measurements in relatively short exposure times on the AAT. The median redshift of the galaxies is z_(med)= 0.6 . The redshift range containing 90 per cent of the galaxies is 0.2 < z < 1.0 . The survey will sample a volume of ~1 Gpc^3 over a projected area on the sky of 1000 deg^2, with an average target density of 350 deg^(−2). Detailed forecasts indicate that the survey will measure the BAO scale to better than 2 per cent and the tangential and radial acoustic wave scales to approximately 3 and 5 per cent, respectively. Combining the WiggleZ constraints with existing cosmic microwave background measurements and the latest supernova data, the marginalized uncertainties in the cosmological model are expected to be σ(Ω_m) = 0.02 and σ(w) = 0.07 (for a constant w model). The WiggleZ measurement of w will constitute a robust, precise and independent test of dark energy models. This paper provides a detailed description of the survey and its design, as well as the spectroscopic observations, data reduction and redshift measurement techniques employed. It also presents an analysis of the properties of the target galaxies, including emission-line diagnostics which show that they are mostly extreme starburst galaxies, and Hubble Space Telescope images, which show that they contain a high fraction of interacting or distorted systems. In conjunction with this paper, we make a public data release of data for the first 100 000 galaxies measured for the project.