Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexual segregation occurs in bats within fragmented remnant woodlands in an agricultural landscape

Abstract Species‐specific responses to landscape configuration and landscape composition have been studied extensively. However, little work has been done to compare intraspecific differences in habitat preferences. Bats have potential as good bioindicator taxa in woodland habitats. Therefore, studying sex differences in responses to woodland and the wider landscape can allow us to gain insight into the relative importance of these habitats for both bats and other taxa. In this study, we aimed to test the predictions that (i) habitat type and connectivity will influence the probability of recording female bats in woodlands and (ii) sex differences in response to habitat type and connectivity will be species‐specific. Bat capture data was collected in 206 woodlands over 3 years in England. The probability of detecting females relative to males was modeled in response to a range of woodland characteristics and landscape metrics for six bat species. We recorded sex differences in responses to landscape features in three species. We found a higher probability of capturing female Myotis nattereri in woodlands that were surrounded by a higher proportion of improved grasslands, whereas female Myotis mystacinus were less likely to be recorded in woodlands surrounded by semi‐natural vegetation. Female Plecotus auritus were more likely to be recorded in isolated woodlands with less connectivity to other woodlands and where agriculture dominated the surrounding landscape. Our findings indicate that sexual segregation occurs across several UK bat species in response to landscape connectivity and composition. Sexual segregation in response to landscape characteristics in bats should therefore be an important consideration in the management of fragmented agricultural landscapes.
Axisymmetric rotating relativistic bodies: a new numerical approach for exact' solutions

A new set of equations and a new numerical method for computing stationary axisymmetric rapidly rotating star models within general relativity is presented. The source term of the gravitational field is not restricted to a perfect fluid one but represents the most general one, including anisotropic stresses, permitted under the assumptions of stationarity, axisymmetry and absence of meridional currents. This allows us to derive the equations governing the equilibrium of rotating neutron stars with strong magnetic fields in a self-consistent and fully relativistic way. As regards the numerics, the improvement lies in the exact computation of the metric in the whole space outside the star, thanks to a numerical grid which extends to infinity (due to a suitable compactification of the space external to the star)
The application of differential VLBI to planetary approach orbit determination

The application of differential very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) to planetary approach orbit determination is described. VLBI has resulted from the development of multistation tracking techniques and measures spacecraft and nearby extragalactic radio sources. VLBI was found to be at least an order of magnitude improvement over data types currently implemented.
Accounting for baryonic effects in cosmic shear tomography: determining a minimal set of nuisance parameters using PCA

Systematic uncertainties that have been subdominant in past large-scale structure (LSS) surveys are likely to exceed statistical uncertainties of current and future LSS data sets, potentially limiting the extraction of cosmological information. Here we present a general framework (PCA marginalization) to consistently incorporate systematic effects into a likelihood analysis. This technique naturally accounts for degeneracies between nuisance parameters and can substantially reduce the dimension of the parameter space that needs to be sampled. As a practical application, we apply PCA marginalization to account for baryonic physics as an uncertainty in cosmic shear tomography. Specifically, we use CosmoLike to run simulated likelihood analyses on three independent sets of numerical simulations, each covering a wide range of baryonic scenarios differing in cooling, star formation, and feedback mechanisms. We simulate a Stage III (Dark Energy Survey) and Stage IV (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope/Euclid) survey and find a substantial bias in cosmological constraints if baryonic physics is not accounted for. We then show that PCA marginalization (employing at most 3 to 4 nuisance parameters) removes this bias. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to obtain robust, precise constraints on the dark energy equation of state even in the presence of large levels ofmore » systematic uncertainty in astrophysical processes. We conclude that the PCA marginalization technique is a powerful, general tool for addressing many of the challenges facing the precision cosmology program. « less
Formation of Social Capital by Women Entrepreneurship via Business Development Institutions of Government in Sindh

Major focus of this is to investigate how Government business development institutes have been creating social capital, supporting women entrepreneurship in Sindh province. This study takes into account the pluralistic approach i.e. a blend of qualitative methods. The content matric analyses method from the qualitative approach was employed for the study. The eight key research themes were emerged under three dimensions of social capital based on Naphiet and Ghoshal 1998. The structural dimension included the Promotion of women entrepreneurs, Strengthen women entrepreneurs, Networking, and Dissemination of information. The cognitive dimension included Shared goals and Exchange of information. The relational dimension included Trust and Cooperation and commitment. The results in content analysis explained that government business development institutes had been working independently and in collaboration with other organizations to provide counseling and consulting services, arranging training, workshops, and exhibitions that helped towards progressive entrepreneurship movement among women. Further, It was found out that every construct had an adequate number of indicators loaded. As a result, all constructs were retained. However, future researchers need to look at some other items to be added to have more number of items in each construct.
INTEGRAL/SPI data segmentation to retrieve source intensity variations

Context. The INTEGRAL/SPI, X/γ-ray spectrometer (20 keV–8 MeV) is an instrument for which recovering source intensity variations is not straightforward and can constitute a difficulty for data analysis. In most cases, determining the source intensity changes between exposures is largely based on a priori information. Aims. We propose techniques that help to overcome the difficulty related to source intensity variations, which make this step more rational. In addition, the constructed “synthetic” light curves should permit us to obtain a sky model that describes the data better and optimizes the source signal-to-noise ratios. Methods. For this purpose, the time intensity variation of each source was modeled as a combination of piecewise segments of time during which a given source exhibits a constant intensity. To optimize the signal-to-noise ratios, the number of segments was minimized. We present a first method that takes advantage of previous time series that can be obtained from another instrument on-board the INTEGRAL observatory. A data segmentation algorithm was then used to synthesize the time series into segments. The second method no longer needs external light curves, but solely SPI raw data. For this, we developed a specific algorithm that involves the SPI transfer function. Results. The time segmentation algorithms that were developed solve a difficulty inherent to the SPI instrument, which is the intensity variations of sources between exposures, and it allows us to obtain more information about the sources’ behavior.
Production of charmed baryon $\Lambda_c(2940)^+$ at PANDA

In this work we evaluate the production rate of the charmed baryon ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{c}(2940{)}^{+}$ at PANDA. For possible assignments of ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{c}(2940{)}^{+}$: ${J}^{P}=1/{2}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, $3/{2}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and $5/{2}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, the total cross section of $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{c}(2940{)}^{+}$ is estimated, which may exceed 1 nb. With the designed luminosity ($2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}32}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}/\mathrm{s}$) of PANDA, our estimate indicates that ten thousand events per day if ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{c}(2940{)}^{+}$ is of ${J}^{P}=1/{2}^{+}$ or ${10}^{8}$ per day if it is of ${J}^{P}=5/{2}^{+}$ can be expected. Those values actually set the lower and upper limits of the ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{c}(2940{)}^{+}$ production. In addition, we present the Dalitz plot and carry out a rough background analysis of the ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{c}(2940{)}^{+}$ production in the $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}p{\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}$ and $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{c}^{0,++}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+,\ensuremath{-}}{\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}$ processes, which would provide valuable information for accurate determination of the ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{c}(2940{)}^{+}$ identity.
Atomically sharp 318 nm Gd:AlGaN ultraviolet light emitting diodes on Si with low threshold voltage

Self-assembled AlxGa1–xN polarization-induced nanowire light emitting diodes (PINLEDs) with Gd-doped AlN active regions are prepared by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on Si substrates. Atomically sharp electroluminescence (EL) from Gd intra-f-shell electronic transitions at 313 nm and 318 nm is observed under forward biases above 5 V. The intensity of the Gd 4f EL scales linearly with current density and increases at lower temperature. The low field excitation of Gd 4f EL in PINLEDs is contrasted with high field excitation in metal/Gd:AlN/polarization-induced n-AlGaN devices; PINLED devices offer over a three fold enhancement in 4f EL intensity at a given device bias.
Strongly interacting two-dimensional Dirac fermions

We show how strongly interacting two-dimensional Dirac fermions can be realized with ultracold atoms in a two-dimensional optical square lattice with an experimentally realistic, inherent gauge field, which breaks time reversal and inversion symmetries. We find remarkable phenomena in a temperature range around a tenth of the Fermi temperature, accessible with present experimental techniques: at zero chemical potential, besides a conventional s-wave superconducting phase, unconventional superconductivity with non-local bond pairing arises. In a temperature vs. doping phase diagram, the unconventional superconducting phase exhibits a dome structure, reminiscent of the phase diagram for high-temperature superconductors and heavy fermions.
Analytical solution to the Black-Scholes Equation: Adomian Decomposition Method Versus Lie Algebraic Approach

In this paper, we compare two relevant methods to find Analytical solution of the Black-Scholes Equation. First, we apply the Adomian Decomposition Method as in [2], to obtain a solution to the aforementioned equation with boundary condition for a European option. Secondly, we apply the Lie algebraic Approach for determining the solution as in [7]. Those two methods conducted us to investigate the thin line between the underlying results. Finally, we suggest a simple enhanced Due Diligence on both approaches.
Vlasov simulation of laser-driven shock acceleration and ion turbulence

We present a Vlasov, i.e. a kinetic Eulerian simulation study of nonlinear collisionless ion-acoustic shocks and solitons excited by an intense laser interacting with an overdense plasma. The use of the Vlasov code avoids problems with low particle statistics and allows a validation of particle-in-cell results. A simple, original correction to the splitting method for the numerical integration of the Vlasov equation has been implemented in order to ensure the charge conservation in the relativistic regime. We show that the ion distribution is affected by the development of a turbulence driven by the relativistic ‘fast’ electron bunches generated at the laser-plasma interaction surface. This leads to the onset of ion reflection at the shock front in an initially cold plasma where only soliton solutions without ion reflection are expected to propagate. We give a simple analytical model to describe the onset of the turbulence as a nonlinear coupling of the ion density with the fast electron currents, taking the pulsed nature of the relativistic electron bunches into account.
Antelope space‐use and behavior indicate multilevel responses to varying anthropogenic influences in a highly human‐dominated landscape

Abstract A primary means of conserving a species or a habitat in a human‐dominated landscape is through promoting coexistence with humans while minimizing conflict. For this, we should understand how wildlife is impacted by direct and indirect human activities. Such information is rare in areas with high human densities. To investigate how animals respond to altered ecological conditions in human‐dominated landscapes, we focused on a wild herbivore of conservation concern in the Krishnasaar Conservation Area (KrCA) in Nepal. Here, blackbuck Antilope cervicapra, a generalist grazer, lives in refugia located with a growing human population. We studied the impacts of humans on habitat use and behavior of blackbuck. We laid 250 × 250 m grid cells in the entire KrCA and carried out indirect sign surveys with three replications for habitat use assessment. We observed herds of blackbuck for 89 h in different habitat types using scan sampling methods. Our habitat‐use survey showed that habitats under intensive human use were hardly used by blackbuck, even when high‐quality forage was available. Habitat openness was the major predictor of habitat use inside the core area, where levels of human activities were low. We also found a positive correlation between habitat use by blackbuck and livestock. Blackbuck were substantially more vigilant when they were in forest than in grassland, again indicating an influence of risk. Overall, blackbuck appear to be sensitive to the risk associated with both natural and anthropogenic factors. Our findings have direct implications for managing human–wildlife interactions in this landscape, specifically regarding strategies for livestock grazing in habitats highly used by blackbuck and concerning predictions of how changing land use will impact the long‐term persistence of blackbuck. Our work suggests that wild herbivores may be able to persist in landscapes with high human densities so long as there are refuges where human activities are relatively low.
Named entities detection by beam search algorithm

Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental process in NLP and a requirement for most processes. This article aims to identify the named entities in the context of social networks. For this purpose, the idea of segmenting text into suitable and unsuitable expressions for the named entities has been used. So the contribution of this article is to process informal text in the Persian language by the Beam search algorithm to detect named entities. Due to the reproductive nature of language, new words and names are always produced, and available NER systems are inefficient in detecting new entities. The other contribution of this article is to make it possible to recognize the emerging named entity by applying dynamic external knowledge. According to a sense of the lack of datasets in low‐resource languages, N‐Gram and Wikipedia anchor datasets have been prepared for Persian and deployed as external knowledge. Also, a corpus of named entities in Persian from the telegram dataset has been generated. Three native experts have done labeling of this corpus. Evaluation of these three experts and the proposed method shows that the result of the proposed method is acceptable compared to the result of a human‐to‐human also to other methods.
THE LICK AGN MONITORING PROJECT: ALTERNATE ROUTES TO A BROAD-LINE REGION RADIUS

It is now possible to estimate black hole (BH) masses across cosmic time, using broad emission lines in active galaxies. This technique informs our views of how galaxies and their central BHs coevolve. Unfortunately, there are many outstanding uncertainties associated with these “virial” mass estimates. One of these comes from using the accretion luminosity to infer a size for the broad-line region (BLR). Incorporating the new sample of low-luminosity active galaxies from our recent monitoring campaign at Lick Observatory, we recalibrate the radius–luminosity relation with tracers of the accretion luminosity other than the optical continuum. We find that the radius of the BLR scales as the square root of the X-ray and Hβ luminosities, in agreement with recent optical studies. On the other hand, the scaling appears to be marginally steeper with narrow-line luminosities. This is consistent with a previously observed decrease in the ratio of narrow-line to X-ray luminosity with increasing total luminosity. The radius of the BLR correlates most tightly with Hβ luminosity, while the X-ray and narrow-line relations both have comparable scatter of a factor of 2. These correlations provide useful alternative virial BH masses in objects with no detectable optical/UV continuum emission, such as high-redshift galaxies with broad emission lines, radio-loud objects, or local active galaxies with galaxy-dominated continua.
Casimir force between a microfabricated elliptic cylinder and a plate

We investigate the Casimir force between a microfabricated elliptic cylinder (cylindrical lens) and a plate made of real materials. After a brief discussion of the fabrication procedure, which typically results in elliptic rather than circular cylinders, the Lifshitz-type formulas for the Casimir force and for its gradient are derived. In the specific case of equal semiaxes, the resulting formulas coincide with those derived previously for circular cylinders. The nanofabrication procedure may also result in asymmetric cylindrical lenses obtained from parts of two different cylinders, or rotated through some angle about the axis of the cylinder. In these cases, the Lifshitz-type formulas for the Casimir force between a lens and a plate and for its gradient are also derived, and the influence of lens asymmetry is determined. Additionally, we obtain an expression for the shift of the natural frequency of a micromachined oscillator with an attached elliptic cylindrical lens interacting with a plate via the Casimir force in a nonlinear regime.
Bank Competitive Condition and Bank Performance, Evidence from Emerging Markets

This paper verify the level of bank competition and the relation between bank competition and bank performance of four emerging market countries which include Brazil, Russia, India and China. The data is random selected from the BankScope database and consist of 692 set of observations during 2000 to 2014. The final regression results declare that the bank market of China, Russia and Brazil are under the monopolistic competition, while the bank market in India is in the monopoly. Moreover, the bank competition is negatively associated with the bank performance through the investigation.
Finite-size effects in parametric subharmonic instability

Abstract The parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) in stratified fluids depends on the frequency and the amplitude of the primary plane wave. In this paper, we present experimental and numerical results emphasizing that the finite width of the beam also plays an important role on this triadic instability. A new theoretical approach based on a simple energy balance is developed and compared with numerical and experimental results. Owing to the finite width of the primary wave beam, the secondary pair of waves can leave the interaction zone which affects the transfer of energy. Experimental and numerical results are in good agreement with the prediction of this theory, which brings new insights on energy transfers in the ocean where internal waves with finite-width beams are dominant.
Parsing Chinese with Combinatory Categorial Grammar: A Linguistic and Computational Study

Parsing Chinese language with CCG is very difficult because the architecture and assumptions of CCG do not fit well with facts from Chinese. Based on the concept of “realization” proposed by Zhu Dexi (1920–1992), this study sheds light on the discrepancy between CCG and Chinese syntax and puts forward a refined schema for Chinese compositionality. The discussion is supported by the data of Chinese CCGbank (CASS). Furthermore, by activating a function-based category setting and a noun/verb disambiguating tagging mechanism, we develop a rule-based mini-Chinese CCG parser without deep learning. The new NVN parser surpasses existing Chinese CCG parser C&C in parsing effect (LF 85.9 vs. LF 74.6) on a partial PCTB 6.0 test set of 500 sentences.
Quasi-optimal convergence rate for adaptive mixed finite element methods

For adaptive mixed finite element methods (AMFEM), we first in troduce the data oscillation to analyze, without the restriction th at the inverse of the coefficient matrix of the partial differential equations (PDEs) is a pie cewise polynomial matrix, ef- ficiency of the a posteriori error estimator Presented by Car stensen (Math. Comput., 1997, 66: 465-476) for Raviart-Thomas, Brezzi-Douglas-Morini, Brezzi-Douglas-Fortin- Marini elements. Second, we prove that the sum of the stress variable error in a weighted norm and the scaled error estimator is of geometric decay, namely, it reduces with a fixed factor between two successive adaptive loops, up to an oscillation of the right-hand side term of the PDEs. Finally, with the help of this geometric decay, we show that the stress variable error in a weighted norm plus the oscillation of data yields a decay rate in terms of the number of degrees of freedom as dictated by the best approximation for this combined
Fundamental Physics for Probing and Imaging

1. Physics for security 2. Magnetism and magnetic resonance 3. Interactions of ionising radiation 4. Mechanical waves and properties of matter 5. Information and data analysis 6. Analysis and damage by irradiation 7. Imaging with magnetic resonance 8. Medical imaging and therapy with ionising radiation 9. Ultrasound for imaging and therapy 10. Forward look and conclusions Appendices: Conventions, nomenclature and units. Glossary of terms and abbreviations. Hints and answers to selected questions.