Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing and Increasing the Potential of Social Commerce Initiatives: Theoretical Foundations, Empirical Evidence, and Design Recommendations

Social commerce, the combination of e-commerce activities and social media, is a lucrative means for e-commerce companies to increase their sales volumes. As social commerce initiatives considerably depend on the consumers’ social interactions, it becomes important for companies to understand how consumers can be stimulated to participate in social commerce. While several empirical studies have already focused on investigating what factors influence consumers to adopt to social commerce, the findings of these studies are scattered across the literature base, sometimes not transparent, and not straightforwardly comparable. To synthesize these findings, we conduct a systematic review of the empirical literature on the consumers’ adoption of social commerce. In particular, we identify and classify conceptually similar factors and outcome variables (i.e., behavioral intentions and/or behaviors). Moreover, we apply a votecounting technique and a sign test to aggregate the reported effects between the factors and outcome variables. After analyzing 61 academic publications, we contribute a structured and comprehensive list of factors and their potential effects on various adoption-related outcome variables. Our results reveal that for some factors, such as trust, usefulness, or social influence, the effects point in a clear direction, while for several other factors, such as enjoyment, risk, or social presence, the effects are yet not clear and require further investigations.
Precise identification and characterization of catalytically active sites on the surface of γ-alumina.

γ-alumina is one of the oldest and most important commercial catalytic materials with high surface area and stability. These attributes enabled its use as the first commercial large-scale heterogeneous catalyst for ethanol dehydration. Despite progress in materials characterization and over a hundred years of active research, the nature of the specific sites on the surface of γ-alumina which are responsible for its unique catalytic properties has remained obscure and controversial. Using combined infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements we identify the octahedral, amphoteric (O) 5 Al(VI)-OH sites on the (100) segments of massively restructured (110) facets on typical rhombus-platelet γ-alumina as well as the (100) segments of irrational surfaces (invariably always present in all γ-alumina samples) responsible for its unique catalytic activity. Such (O) 5 Al(VI)-OH sites are also present on the macroscopically defined (100) facets of γ-alumina with elongated/rod-like geometry. The exact mechanism by which these sites lose -OH groups upon thermal dehydroxylation resulting in coordinatively unsaturated penta-coordinate Al +3 O 5 sites is clarified. These coordinatively unsaturated penta-coordinate Al sites demonstrate new chemistry, producing well-defined thermally stable Al-carbonyl complexes. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the nature of coordinatively unsaturated Al sites on the surface of γ-alumina and their role as catalytically active sites.
Noise2Inverse: Self-supervised deep convolutional denoising for linear image reconstruction

Recovering a high-quality image from noisy indirect measurements is an important problem with many applications. For such inverse problems, supervised deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based denoising methods have shown strong results, but the success of these supervised methods critically depends on the availability of a high-quality training dataset of similar measurements. For image denoising, methods are available that enable training without a separate training dataset by assuming that the noise in two different pixels is uncorrelated. However, this assumption does not hold for inverse problems, resulting in artifacts in the denoised images produced by existing methods. Here, we propose Noise2Inverse, a deep CNN-based denoising method for linear image reconstruction algorithms that does not require any additional clean or noisy data. Training a CNN-based denoiser is enabled by exploiting the noise model to compute multiple statistically independent reconstructions. We develop a theoretical framework which shows that such training indeed obtains a denoising CNN, assuming the measured noise is element-wise independent and zero-mean. On simulated CT datasets, Noise2Inverse demonstrates an improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index compared to state-of-the-art image denoising methods and conventional reconstruction methods, such as Total-Variation Minimization. We also demonstrate that the method is able to significantly reduce noise in challenging real-world experimental datasets.
Characterization of sleep-wake patterns in crew members under a short-duration spaceflight

ABSTRACT Sleep loss is one of large challenges during space missions. A variety of sleep problems have been shown in space. We aimed to further characterize more representative and consecutive sleep-wake patterns and to investigate sleep-wake cycle on heart rate during short duration spaceflight mission. Here, we evaluated sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, analyzed sleep time, sleep efficiency, and periods of sleep-wake rhythm via the activity data from Actiwatch, and evaluated heart rate data via the Actiheart in three crew members before, during and after a 15-day spaceflight. The study showed that the sleep quality before and during the flight were lower than that after the space flight. Crew members slept less during spaceflight relative to on Earth. The mean sleep duration during spaceflight was 6.5 ± 1.3 h, but after flight, it was 7.2 ± 1.2 h, and the sleep efficiency was significantly higher during the flight than that on Earth. The periods of sleep-wake rhythm could keep at 23.92 h during flight mission. Moreover, the heart rate decreased during spaceflight and it was more obvious during wakeful state than during sleep. These data could help us better understand the effects of short-duration spaceflight on sleep pattern.
Lysosome exocytosis is required for mitosis

Mitosis, the accurate segregation of duplicated genetic material into what will become two new daughter cells, is accompanied by extensive membrane remodelling and membrane trafficking activities. Early in mitosis, adherent cells partially detach from the substratum, round up and their surface area decreases. This likely results from an endocytic uptake of plasma membrane material. As cells enter cytokinesis they re-adhere, flatten and exhibit an associated increase in surface area. The identity of the membrane donor for this phase of mitosis remains unclear. Here we show by biochemical and imaging approaches that lysosomes undergo exocytosis at telophase and that this requires the activity of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase-IIIβ. Inhibition of lysosome exocytosis resulted in mitotic failure in a significant proportion of cells suggesting that this facet of lysosome physiology is essential and represents a new regulatory mechanism in mitosis.
A population genetic study of Pasqueflower: In situ and Ex situ Conservation Genetics of a Vulnerable UK Plant Species

The population genetic structure of the vulnerable UK plant species Anemone pulsatilla L. reflects geographic patterns of historical range fragmentation and the influence of population decline and restoration intervention. Positive spatial auto-correlation of natural in situ populations of A. pulsatilla lends support to a scenario for genetic drift (i.e. random drift of allelic frequencies) driving the emergence of population genetic structure as a consequence of fragmentation. Multivariate and STRUCTURE analysis estimates the partitioning of genetic variation among four natural population genetic clusters (broadly defined by geographical regions of the species’ range) and a fifth, highly differentiated, genetic cluster defined by introduced genotypes of unverifiable genetic origin to the casually augmented AN population. It is recommended that restoration intervention (i.e. to augment declining populations or introduce populations to enhance gene flow) source propagules for introduction from within the local population genetic cluster in order to maximise the potential for introduction/exchange of locally adaptive genetic variation. The existing ex situ gene conservation strategy for A. pulsatilla can be predicted to under-represent the species’ natural genetic variability due to limited sampling effort. At a minimum, a representative ex situ gene conservation strategy for the safeguard of A. pulsatilla UK variability should aim to capture representative accessions from the most diverse population/s of each of the four natural population genetic clusters. It is also recommended that the six native AN genotypes are sampled for ex situ conservation due to a disproportionately high level of unique genetic variation. A pilot study of regenerated ex situ accessions supports a prediction that the following factors act on genetic diversity: (a) survivorship; (b) number of generation removed from the wild; (c) effective population size.
Interações de Componentes Fitossanitários e Patologia de Sementes de Híbridos de Milho (Zea mays)

Inumeros sao os complexos de agentes bioticos e abioticos que causam danos nos diferentes hibridos de milho provocando perdas na producao e transferindo as sementes inoculos para disseminacao. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o progresso temporal de complexos fitossanitarios (CF) e sua relacao com aspectos morfoagronomicos de hibridos de milho a campo e em sementes. Foram utilizados 22 diferentes hibridos de milho, semeados em delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC). Aos 55, 79, 86, 114 e 121 dias apos a semeadura (DAS) foram avaliados a severidade fitossanitaria (SEVFIT) atraves das variaveis binarias conotando ausencia ou presenca de complexos fitossanitarios, permitindo a construcao de curvas de progresso e calculo da area abaixo da curva de progresso fitossanitario (AACPF) e taxa crescimento lesional (TCL), alem de parâmetros morfoagronomicos, os dados foram submetidos a analise de componentes principais (CP) e analise de correlacoes canonicas (CN). As sementes destes hibridos foram colhidas aos 121 (DAS) e submetidas ao “Blotter Test” em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com 10 repeticoes (25 sementes por repeticao) onde avaliou-se a porcentagem de emissao de raiz primaria (ERP), % de incidencia de microrganismos (IM) e % de generos de fungos que foram tratados estatisticamente como os ensaios de campo. Concluiu-se que o hibrido mais resistente aos danos foi o hibrido 8882 Cod. DKB, alem de ter apresentado maior produtividade e tambem apresentou a menor incidencia de microorganismos juntamente com o hibrido 345 PRO 3 DKB.
Screening Mycobacterium tuberculosis secreted proteins identifies Mpt64 as eukaryotic membrane-binding virulence factor

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is one of the most successful human pathogens. One reason for its success is that Mtb can reside within host macrophages, a cell type that normally functions to phagocytose and destroy infectious bacteria. However, Mtb is able to evade macrophage defenses in order to survive for prolonged periods of time. Many intracellular pathogens secret virulence factors targeting host membranes and organelles to remodel their intracellular environmental niche. We hypothesized that Mtb exported proteins that target host membranes are vital for Mtb to adapt to and manipulate the host environment for survival. Thus, we characterized 200 exported proteins from Mtb for their ability to associate with eukaryotic membranes using a unique temperature sensitive yeast screen and to manipulate host trafficking pathways using a modified inducible secretion screen. We identified five Mtb exported proteins that both associated with eukaryotic membranes and altered the host secretory pathway. One of these secreted proteins, Mpt64, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum during Mtb infection of murine and human macrophages and was necessary for Mtb survival in primary human macrophages. These data highlight the importance of exported proteins in Mtb pathogenesis and provide a basis for further investigation into their molecular mechanisms. Importance Advances have been made to identify exported proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during animal infections. These data, combined with transposon screens identifying genes important for M. tuberculosis virulence, have generated a vast resource of potential M. tuberculosis virulence proteins. However, the function of many of these proteins in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis remains elusive. We have integrated three cell biological screens to characterize nearly 200 M. tuberculosis exported proteins for eukaryotic membrane binding, host subcellular localization and interactions with host vesicular trafficking. In addition, we observed the localization of one exported protein, Mpt64, during M. tuberculosis infection of macrophages. Interestingly, although Mpt64 is exported by the Sec pathway, its delivery into host cells was dependent upon the action of the Type VII Secretion System. Finally, we observed that Mpt64 contributes to the virulence of M. tuberculosis during infection of primary human macrophages.
Pathology image-based lung cancer subtyping using deeplearning features and cell-density maps

In this paper, we propose a patch-based system to classify non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnostic whole slide images (WSIs) into two major histopathological subtypes: adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Classifying patients accurately is important for prognosis and therapy decisions. The proposed system was trained and tested on 876 subtyped NSCLC gigapixel-resolution diagnostic WSIs from 805 patients – 664 in the training set and 141 in the test set. The algorithm has modules for: 1) auto-generated tumor/non-tumor masking using a trained residual neural network (ResNet34), 2) cell-density map generation (based on color deconvolution, local drain segmentation, and watershed transformation), 3) patch-level feature extraction using a pre-trained ResNet34, 4) a tower of linear SVMs for different cell ranges, and 5) a majority voting module for aggregating subtype predictions in unseen testing WSIs. The proposed system was trained and tested on several WSI magnifications ranging from x4 to x40 with a best ROC AUC of 0.95 and an accuracy of 0.86 in test samples. This fully-automated histopathology subtyping method outperforms similar published state-of-the-art methods for diagnostic WSIs.
Exploring atmospheric free-radical chemistry in China: the self-cleansing capacity and the formation of secondary air pollution

Abstract Since 1971, it has been known that the atmospheric free radicals play a pivotal role in maintaining the oxidizing power of the troposphere. The existence of the oxidizing power is an important feature of the troposphere to remove primary air pollutants emitted from human beings as well as those from the biosphere. Nevertheless, serious secondary air-pollution incidents can take place due to fast oxidation of the primary pollutants. Elucidating the atmospheric free-radical chemistry is a demanding task in the field of atmospheric chemistry worldwide, which includes two kinds of work: first, the setup of reliable radical detection systems; second, integrated field studies that enable closure studies on the sources and sinks of targeted radicals such as OH and NO3. In this review, we try to review the Chinese efforts to explore the atmospheric free-radical chemistry in such chemical complex environments and the possible link of this fast gas-phase oxidation with the fast formation of secondary air pollution in the city-cluster areas in China.
An Improved Classification Model for Fake News Detection in Social Media

— Fake news dissemination is a critical issue in today’s fast-changing network environment. Existing classification models for fake news detection have not completely stopped the spread because of their inability to accurately classify news, thus leading to a high false alarm rate. This study proposed a model that can accurately identify and classify deceptive news articles content infused on social media by malicious users. The news content, social-context features and the respective classification of reported news was extracted from the PHEME dataset using entropy-based feature selection. The selected features were normalized using Min-Max Normalization techniques. A predictive fake news detection model was formulated as a stacked ensemble of three algorithms. The model was simulated and its performance was evaluated by benchmarking with an existing model using detection accuracy, sensitivity, and precision as metrics. The result of the evaluation showed a higher 17.25% detection accuracy, 15.78% sensitivity, but lesser 0.2% precision than the existing model. Thus, the proposed model detects more fake news instances accurately based on news content and social content perspectives. This indicates that the proposed classification model has a better detection rate, reduces the false alarm rate of news instances and thus detects fake news more accurately.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FIMBRISTYLIS OVATA STEM

Fimbristylis ovata is an erect, perennial grass-like plant with short rhizome. The stems are densely tufted, usually 15 - 40cm tall (occasionally to 60cm. The plant is sometimes harvested from the wild for local medicinal use. Phytochemical screening of stem of fimbristylis ovate was carried out using methonoic extract. The extract was prepared using methanol as a solvent.The extract gives positive test towards presence of carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, alkaloids, chalcones, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and other bioactive chemicals.
DAREX PROCESSING OF APPR FUEL: EFFECT OF ACIDITY AND GAS SPARGING ON RATE OF CHLORIDE REMOVAL FROM DISSOLVER PRODUCT DURING REFLUXING

The rate of chloride removal varied directly with HNO/sub 3/ concentration fn an APPR-type Darex dissolver product containing 100 g/liter metal loading, 0.58 M initial chloride, and initial HNO/sub 3/ concentrations of 8, 9, 10, 12, and 14 M. The removal rate with 8 and 9 M HNO/sub 3/ was very low. After 6 hr refluxing, the chloride content decreased to 0.50 and 0.36 M, respectively. After refluxing for the same time with 10 to 14 M HNO/sub 3/, the product contained 0.064to 0.0007 M (2270 to 25 ppm) chloride. The effect of air sparging was approximately equivalent to refluxing without sparging at a HNO/sub 3/ concentration 2 M higher. After 6 hr sparging and refluxing the chloride content varied from 0.034 to < 0.00014 M (1200 to < 5 ppm) for initial HNO/sub 3/ concentrations from 8 to 14 M. (auth)
A molecular phylogeny of the tribe Ochthebiini (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae, Ochthebiinae)

Ochthebiinae, with c. 650 species distributed worldwide, are the second most speciose subfamily of the aquatic beetle family Hydraenidae. They are ecologically the most diverse hydraenid subfamily, with terrestrial species as well as species in almost all types of aquatic habitats, including hypersaline waters. Ochthebiinae include the tribes Ochtheosini (four species in three genera) and Ochthebiini. We provide here the first comprehensive phylogeny of the tribe Ochthebiini, based on 186 species and four subspecies from most genera, subgenera and species groups. We obtained sequence data for a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear gene fragments including the 5′ and 3′ ends of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, the 5′ end of 16S RNA plus the leucine tRNA transfer plus 5′ end of NADH dehydrogenase subunit I, and internal fragments of the large and small ribosomal units. The analyses with maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian probabilities consistently recovered a generally well supported phylogeny, with most currently accepted taxa and species groups as monophyletic. We provide a new classification of the tribe based on our phylogenetic results, with six genera: Meropathus Enderlein, Ochthebius Leach, Protochthebius Perkins, Prototympanogaster Perkins, Tympallopatrum Perkins and Tympanogaster Janssens. The genus Ochthebius is here divided into nine subgenera in addition to Ochthebius s.s. : (1) O. (Angiochthebius) Jäch & Ribera; (2) O. (Asiobates) Thomson; (3) O. (Aulacochthebius) Kuwert; (4) O. (Cobalius) Rey; (5) O. (Enicocerus) Stephens; (6) O. (Gymnanthelius) Perkins comb.n. ; (7) O. (Gymnochthebius) Orchymont; (8) O. (Hughleechia) Perkins comb.n. ; and (9) O. (Micragasma) Sahlberg. Within Ochthebius s.s. , 17 species groups are proposed, five of them newly established (3, 9, 11, 13 and 16): (1) andraei; (2) atriceps; (3) corrugatus; (4) foveolatus; (5) kosiensis; (6) lobicollis; (7) marinus; (8) metallescens; (9) nitidipennis; (10) notabilis; (11) peisonis; (12) punctatus; (13) quadricollis; (14) rivalis; (15) strigosus; (16) sumatrensis; and (17) vandykei. We elevated to species rank two subspecies of Ochthebius: O. fallaciosus Ganglbauer stat.n. (former subspecies of O. viridis Peyron) and O. deletus Rey stat.rest. (former subspecies of O. subpictus Wollaston).
Assessing Human–Wildlife Interactions in a Forest Settlement in Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves

India, a megabiodiversity nation, is home to 4,800 species and 1.3 billion people. The proximity of people and wildlife produces a wide variety of human–wildlife interactions particularly with forest-dwelling communities embedded deep within protected areas (PAs). We evaluated people–park relationships through the 421 families in Thengumarahada located between Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves in India. This settlement was originally granted land rights in 1948 but has been subleased many times over. We examined attitudes toward wildlife, PA, experiences of conflict, and challenges faced by people. Logistic regression models evaluated the factors associated with household losses and their attitudes. Thirty-four percent of households reported crop loss and 10% reported livestock predation. Crop loss was associated with growing rice and bananas and negatively with forest cover. Depredation was primarily associated with 87% of households grazing livestock in the forest. Usage of mitigation measures was not significantly associated with reducing conflict. Despite conflict losses and government pressure, only 34% of families expressed an interest in settling outside the reserved forest. People’s motivations to remain in the forest hamlets included free resource availability (28%) and tradition-familiar livelihoods (29%). People’s mistrust of the forest department was heightened by the lack of awareness about (29%) and payment of compensation (3%). Given the frequency of conflict, the lack of infrastructure, inadequate compensation payments, and limited interest in relocation, balancing people–wildlife relationships in the forests of Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves remains a formidable task.
Opposing responses to drought shape spatial population dynamics of declining grassland birds

The joint threats of climate and land‐use change require an understanding of how environmental variation influences species abundance and distribution. However, most species distribution models use static data and methods without considering how species respond over multiple temporal and spatial scales. Using a novel analytical approach, we show how multiscalar environmental variation drives spatial population dynamics of mobile species.