Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE GROWTH OF DIFFERENT MICROCYSTIS ISOLATES

SUMMARY The influence of light intensity on the growth of seven Microcystis isolates was investigated using a batch culture system. The growth of Microcystis cultures was generally inhibited by light intensities higher than 10 μEinsteins m−2 sec−1. The optimal light intensity determined over a growth period of 22 days ranged between 7,5 - 22 μEinsteins m−2 sec−1. M. aeruginosa (UV-008) was the most sensitive and M. incerta (UV-003) was the least sensitive. Maximum specific growth rates ranged from 0,52 to 1,32 day−1 for M. aeruginosa (UV-008) and M. incerta (UV-003) respectively. Sensitivity towards high light intensity was not related to toxicity, presence of bacteria in culture, colonial habit, cell size or presence of gas vacuoles. A very good correlation (r = >0,99) existed between turbidity and cell number in M. aeruginosa (UV-007) cultures before the initiation of the death phase or before cells started bleaching or lysing.
LJMU Research Online Mathematical modelling of fluid flow and solute transport to define operating parameters for in vitro perfusion cell culture systems

In recent years, there has been a move away from the use of static in vitro 2D cell culture models for testing the chemical safety and efficacy of drugs. Such models are increasingly being replaced by more physiologically relevant cell culture systems featuring dynamic flow and/or 3D structures of cells. Whilst it is acknowledged that such systems provide a more realistic environment within which to test drugs, progress is being hindered by a lack of understanding of the physical and chemical environment that the cells are exposed to. Mathematical and computational modelling may be exploited in this regard to unravel the dependency of the cell response on spatiotemporal differences in chemical and mechanical cues, thereby assisting with the understanding and design of these systems. In this paper, we present a somewhat general mathematical modelling framework that characterises the fluid flow and solute transport in perfusion bioreactors featuring an inlet and an outlet. To demonstrate the utility of our model, we simulated the fluid dynamics and solute concentration profiles for a variety of different flow rates, inlet solute concentrations and cell types within a specific commercial bioreactor chamber. Our subsequent analysis has elucidated the basic relationship between inlet flow rate and cell surface flow speed, shear stress and solute concentrations, allowing us to derive simple but useful relationships that enable prediction of the behaviour of the system under a variety of experimental conditions, prior to experimentation. We describe how the model may used by experimentalists to define operating parameters for their particular perfusion cell culture systems and highlight some operating conditions that should be avoided. Finally, we critically comment on the limitations of mathematical and computational modelling in this field, and the challenges associated with the adoption of such methods.
Scanning Hard X-ray Microscopy Imaging Modalities for Geobiological Samples

Modern scanning X-ray microscopy can help to unravel the spatial context between biotic and abiotic compounds of geobiological assemblies with the aim to finally link chemical pathways to biological activities at the nanometre scale. This work presents some multi-modal imaging techniques provided by hard X-ray microscopes at synchrotron radiation sources to address analytical needs in geobiological research. Using the examples of 1) a calcified basal skeleton of the demosponge Astrosclera willeyana, 2) an anaerobic methane-oxidizing microbial mat and 3) a bacterial sulfur-oxidizing consortium, we illustrate the potential of scanning X-ray fluorescence and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, and a novel quantitative approach of ptychographic imaging at single cell level.
Design of a Low-Power and High Performance MAC for CNNs

State-of-arts Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has more convolution layers than those in the past to increase the accuracy of classification and super-resolution. Many researches have focused on reducing network size to save the computational cost with keeping high accuracy, and studied to optimize a convolution layer itself to reduce computational cost.
Variation in richness, evenness, and diversity in diving and dabbling duck guilds in prairie pothole habitats

E. J. Tramer (1969. Ecology, 50: 927–929) proposed that the "regulation" of community diversity by changes in richness or evenness are alternatives found in predictable, nonrigorous environments with "equilibrium" communities and unpredictable, rigorous environments with "opportunistic" communities, respectively. Twenty-six years of diving and dabbling duck census data from relatively benign aspen parkland habitats, and 9 years of the same data from more rigorous mixed prairie habitats, showed little agreement with the hypothesis. Over time, only mixed prairie dabbling ducks showed changes in diversity in agreement with the hypothesis; i.e., diversity changed owing to changes in evenness in the more rigorous environment. Within guilds, changes in diversity over space were all related to changes in evenness, but only dabbling ducks had higher evenness in the less rigorous environment; the reverse was true for diving ducks. Thus, studies that use Tramer's hypothesis as a basis for distinguishing between the.
Stem and soil nitrous oxide fluxes from rainforest and cacao agroforest on highly weathered soils in the Congo Basin

Abstract. Although tree stems act as conduits for greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced in the soil, the magnitudes of tree contributions to total (soil + stem) nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from tropical rainforests on heavily weathered soils remain unknown. Moreover, soil GHG fluxes are largely understudied in African rainforests, and the effects of land-use change on these gases are identified as an important research gap in the global GHG budget. In this study, we quantified the changes in stem and soil N2O fluxes with forest conversion to cacao agroforestry. Stem and soil N2O fluxes were measured monthly for a year (2017–2018) in four replicate plots per land use at three sites across central and southern Cameroon. Tree stems consistently emitted N2O throughout the measurement period and were positively correlated with soil N2O fluxes. 15N-isotope tracing from soil mineral N to stem-emitted 15N2O and correlations between temporal patterns of stem N2O emissions, soil–air N2O concentration, soil N2O emissions and vapour pressure deficit suggest that N2O emitted by the stems originated predominantly from N2O produced in the soil. Forest conversion to extensively managed, mature (>20 years old) cacao agroforestry had no effect on stem and soil N2O fluxes. The annual total N2O emissions were 1.55 ± 0.20 kg N ha−1 yr−1 from the forest and 1.15 ± 0.10 kg N ha−1 yr−1 from cacao agroforestry, with tree N2O emissions contributing 11 % to 38 % for forests and 8 % to 15 % for cacao agroforestry. These substantial contributions of tree stems to total N2O emissions highlight the importance of including tree-mediated fluxes in ecosystem GHG budgets. Taking into account that our study sites' biophysical characteristics represented two-thirds of the humid rainforests in the Congo Basin, we estimated a total N2O source strength for this region of 0.18 ± 0.05 Tg N2O-N yr−1.
Future Assessment of Precipitation and Temperature for Developing Urban Catchment Under Impact of Climate Change

In this study, the attempt is made to investigate the impact of future climate changes related to three weather parameter maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin) and precipitation for study area were projected for two future time slice (2017–2058), and (2059–2100) from the three Global Climate Models (GCMs), CanESM2, CGCM3 and HadCM3 under different representative concentration pathway (RCPs) scenarios (RCP2.5, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) using statistical downscaling model (SDSM). The predictor variables are downloaded from National Center for Environmental Prediction/Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) and simulations from the three Global Climate Models (GCMs), Second Generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2), Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CGCM3) and Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research/Met Office (HadCM3) variability and changes in Tmax, Tmin and precipitation under different (RCPs) scenarios have been presented for two future time slice. The performance for three models showed maximum/minimum temperature increases in future for almost all the (RCPs) scenarios. Also precipitation of the entire catchment was found to increasing trends for all scenarios. In case of HadCM3 model, under RCP8.5 scenarios for the period (2017-2058), changes in max temperature, min temperature, and precipitation are forecasted as 0.72 °C, 1.42 °C, and 2.82 mm and for the period (2059-2100) are 1.16 °C, 2.14 °C, and 6.85 mm.The results obtained from HadCM3 model is higher side as compared with CanESM2, CGCM3.These results can provide understanding of the hydrologic role of future climate change scenarios, which is essential for probable impacts of climate change for planning and management of appropriate choice for designing the storm water drainage system and infrastructure for newly growing urbanization under climate change are of great concern to hydrologists, water managers, and policymakers.
The Effect of Endorser Credibility on Brand Credibility, Consumer-based Brand Equity, and Brand Attachment of Smartphone Users

Purpose The purpose of this research is to examine the structural relationships between endorser credibility, brand credibility, consumer-based brand equity, and brand attachment of smartphone users. Grounded in theory of brand signaling, this research provides a better understanding on the extent to which endorsers’ culture and attitude impact on the brand related constructs and the way it effects on users’ brand attachment.
Estimation of total nitrogen content in sugar beet leaves based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

Two sugar beet cultivars, Beta 356 and KWS9147, were grown in field trials at four different nitrogen contents (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg ha −1 ), and each fertilizer treatment was divided into four applications (100% prior to seeding; 70% prior to seeding and 30% at canopy development; 50% prior to seeding and 50% at canopy development; 30% prior to seeding and 70% at canopy development) in two consecutive growing seasons. Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters and leaf nitrogen content were measured simultaneously at different growth stages, establishing an evaluation model of leaf nitrogen nutrition. The results showed that the correlation between ChlF parameters and leaf nitrogen content reached 0.7099 ** (canopy development), 0.8266 ** (storage root development) and 0.8607 ** (sugar accumulation stage). We conclude that the ChlF parameters can provide a decision-making method for N diagnosis and regulation in field production.
Performance Improvement of DVFS Based 16 Bit SAR ADC

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at elevated efficiency are vital components for elevated quality image sensors growth. In order to achieve the necessary resolution at a specific velocity, these systems need a large amount of ADCs. In addition, energy dissipation has now become a main output for analog models, especially for mobile equipment. Such a circuit design is a difficult job, requiring a mixture of sophisticated digital circuit design, analog expertise and iterative design. The sharing of amplifiers was frequently employed for reducing dissipation of energy in ADC pipelines. In this paper we present the topology of a 16-bit ADC pipeline, developed in 45 nm CMOS. Its efficiency is likened to a standard Scaling configuration for amplifier and a completely shared amplifier.
Changes in the Composition and Abundance of Phytoplankton in a Coastal Lagoon of Baja California, México, during 2011

A time series with weekly sampling was conducted from February 20, to December 16, 2011 at a station in the interior of the San Quintin Bay to estimate seasonal changes in the composition and abundance of phytoplankton. Water temperature was recorded and the upwelling index was calculated for the period. Phytoplankton abundance was estimated and phytoplankton were identified by using an inverted microscope and the CHEMTAX program. There were 16 positive phytoplankton anomalies during the year, but only three were considered to be blooms. The blooms were dominated by diatoms and were recorded in the winter, spring and summer. Different genera composed 80% of the total phytoplankton abundance of each of the blooms. The first bloom consisted of diatoms of the genera Pseudo-nitzschia sp. (15.7%), Skeletonema sp. (14.6%), Eucampia sp. (7%), and Navicula sp. (7%); a haptophyte of the genus Imantonia sp. (13.1%); and dinoflagellates of the genus Prorocentrum sp. (4.6%). The second bloom consisted mainly of diatoms of the genera Guinardia sp. (30.6%), Pseudo-nitzschia sp. (21.5%), Skeletonema sp. (14.5%), Chaetoceros sp. (8.4%) and Eucampia sp. (5.3%). The third bloom consisted of Chaetoceros sp. (46.3%), Pseudo-nitzschia sp. (22.6%), Skeletonema sp. (7.29%), and Imantonia sp. (6%). Dinoflagellates were observed in the winter, summer and autumn, but they contributed less biomass than diatoms. Prorocentrum sp. , Gymnodinium sp. , and Ceratium sp. were among the dinoflagellates that were observed. The differences in abundance and composition of phytoplankton groups in the blooms in San Quintin Bay during 2011 were due primarily to seasonal changes in the physical and chemical factors of the seawater and to upwelling events.
Survey on Measurement Methods for IPv6 Deployment

Nowadays we use Internet Protocol (IP) versions 4 (IPv4) and 6 (IPv6) at the same time. It is very difficult to determine the rate of IPv6 and the state of its deployment exactly. In our survey, paper we present some tools and methods that can be used to estimate the proportion of IPv6. First, we will show some server side methods that mostly use provider-measurable data, so they may not be available to everyone. Next, we introduce various client-side tools that can be used in a much broader context, and then present the use of survey methods. Then we are reviewing some researches, which provide more comprehensive insight into the transition to IPv6 using complex measurement methods. Finally, we compare and categorize the presented metrics based on the availability of data sources and the extent of the measurement duration. We know that there is clearly no best among the various methods. Choosing the right technique depends greatly on the data and tools available to the researcher.
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Associated with Enterococci from Poultry in Egypt, First Reporting of mecA in Enterococcus from Poultry Source

| Little information available for the Egyptian setting. 117 cloacal swabs were collected from diseased poultry located in 6 districts in Egypt. Isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The antibiotic susceptibility testing of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus gallinarum isolates against 22 antibiotics was performed with the MICRONAUT system for Gram-positive bacteria. The presence of 12 resistance-associated genes (tetK, tetL, tetM, tetS, tetO, erm(B), msrC, aac6-aph2, vanA, vanB, vanC1 and mecA) was investigated by PCR. Thirty one Enterococcus isolates have been detected, Enterococcus faecium (n=22) and Enterococcus gallinarum (n=9) strains were isolated. All Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus gallinarum isolates were multidrug-resistant. More than 15% of Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Resistance rates to other antibiotics ranged between 31.8% for teicoplanin to 86.4% for penicillin G, respectively. Enterococcus gallinarum isolates showed a resistance rate of 100% to cefoxitin, ceftaroline, clindamycin, daptomycin, erythromycin, gentamicin and oxacillin. The resistance genes most often found were msrC, erm(B), aac6-aph2 and mecA. The vanB gene was identified in two Enterococcus faecium isolates from which one was resistant to vancomycin whereas vanC1 was detected in 6 Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus gallinarum isolates. Tetracycline resistance-associated genes (tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO and tetS) were found in 25 isolates whereas mecA was detected in nine isolates. The study is the first report for mecA gene in Enterococcus. The development of resistance to antibiotics in poultry production needs special attention and investigation. The usage of antimicrobials in Egypt should follow WHO and OIE recommendations.
The Influence of β‐Glucan on Immune Responses in Broiler Chicks

Abstract Beta‐1,3/1,6‐glucan (β‐glucan) was tested as a possible immunomodulator. Chicken macrophages from a macrophage cell line MQ‐NCSU and from abdominal exudate of broiler chickens were exposed to various concentrations of β‐glucan in vitro. In addition, day‐old broiler chicks were fed a diet containing 0, 20, and 40 mg/kg β‐glucan in the starter and 0, 20, and 20 mg/kg in the grower diet. Several baseline immune parameters were examined following such exposures. The results showed that β‐glucan exposure increased nitrite and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) production as well as induced macrophage to proliferate in culture. However, IL‐6 production was not affected. Dietary β‐glucan supplementation increased the macrophage phagocytic activity, anti‐sheep red blood cells antibody response post‐boost, as well as the PHA‐P‐mediated lymphoproliferative response measured as a toe‐web swelling. The percentage of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ double positive lymphocytes in the intestinal intraepithelial leukocytes was increased in β‐glucan supplemented chicks. Furthermore, the primary and secondary lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen were larger in β‐glucan‐supplemented chicks as compared to the chicks on basal diet. The findings of these studies which showed that β‐glucan improves several base‐line immune responses in the chicken imply that β‐glucan can be used as a possible immunomodulator in food animals such as the chicken.
CAPTURE AND TRANSLOCATION OF GOLDEN EAGLES FROM THE CALIFORNIA CHANNEL ISLANDS TO MITIGATE DEPREDATION OF ENDEMIC ISLAND FOXES

We trapped and translocated golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) from the Channel Islands off the southern California coast between 1999 and 2003 in an ongoing effort to mitigate a catastrophic decline in three subspecies of island fox (Urocyon littoralis). As of August 2003, we had removed 31 (70%) of 44 known eagles from Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands. Translocated eagles were released in areas of suitable habitat in northern California from 275–880 km from the islands. Eaglets removed from nests were either fostered into mainland golden eagle nests or hacked into the wild. Eleven of the released eagles (seven adults, three subadults, one juvenile) were tracked with combination satellite and conventional VHF transmitters to determine if they would return to the islands. The satellite transmitters operated for an average of 13.6 months (range 0–28). We obtained 1,568 satellite locations of class 3, 2, or 1 (est. accuracy of <150 – <1,000 m). Locations were plotted and analyzed with the geographic information system ArcGIS 8.0. Released birds ranged over areas of 1,366–256,413 km. The most proximal location obtained was 304 km NNE of Santa Cruz Island. Sensor data suggested that five eagles (45%) shed their transmitters or died within 1–7 months. Six birds were still alive and wearing their transmitters when transmissions ceased (5–28 months post-release). None of the radioed eagles returned to the islands during tracking and no banded golden eagles have subsequently been observed on the islands. Since the onset of eagle removal efforts, annual island fox survivorship on Santa Cruz Island has risen to near pre-decline levels. We conclude that translocation of golden eagles is an effective non-lethal method of reducing the island golden eagle population and their potential impact on island fox recovery.
Supplementary Material for Fast Texture Synthesis via Pseudo Optimizer

gt = ∇xLtex(xt, x̃), st = xt+1 − xt, yt = gt+1 − gt, ρt = 1/(y T t st), Ht+1 = (I − ρtsty t )Ht(I − ρtytst ) + ρtstst , zt = Htgt. (2) The inverse Hessian is not calculated explicitly. Instead, the search direction, zt, is computed iteratively from the history of gt, st and yt. The scaling of the descent direction is determined by a line search method, which can be implemented by a conditional loop in a deep learning framework. The step length of 1 is often accepted in most iterations.
Seasonal enrichment and depletion of Hg and SO4 in Little Rock Lake: relationship to seasonal changes in atmospheric deposition

Hg and SO4 are priority pollutants in fresh waters throughout the northern hemisphere; both have atmo - spheric sources associated with anthropogenic emissions to the lower troposphere. Although depositional change has had a demonstrable impact on lakes over decadal time scales, effects over shorter time scales remain uncertain. To better understand the responsiveness of lakes to changing pollutant inputs, we examined the coupling of water chemis- try to atmospheric deposition over time scales of weeks to years in Little Rock Lake. The results indicate that the lake is tightly coupled to its air shed with respect to Hg. The annual cycle of Hg in surface waters closely tracks the annual cycle of Hg in precipitation. For SO4, the annual cycle in lake water is damped and not in phase with the cycle of at- mospheric deposition because of more intense internal recycling. These observations are in keeping with the residence times of Hg and S in lake water (Hg in months; S in years). Nevertheless, because atmospheric deposition is the domi- nant source of both pollutants, trends in lake water track trends in precipitation over a decadal time scale. Thus, remote lakes may be highly responsive to short term changes in Hg deposition, whereas responses to SO4 deposition may be more gradual. Resume :H g et SO 4 constituent des polluants des eaux douces de toute premiere importance dans l'hemisphere nord; tous les deux proviennent de sources atmospheriques associees aux emissions anthropiques dans la troposphere infe- rieure. Bien que les changements dans ces precipitations aient eu des effets quantifiables sur les lacs a l'echelle tempo- relles de decennies, leurs effets sur des echelles temporelles plus courtes restent mal connus. Pour mieux comprendre la reaction des lacs aux apports changeants de polluants, nous avons etudie conjointement la chimie des eaux et les precipitations atmospheriques a l'echelle de semaines et d'annees au lac Little Rock. Le Hg du lac est couple de facon tres serree a l'atmosphere environnant et le cycle annuel du Hg dans les eaux de surface suit de tres pres le cycle an- nuel du Hg dans les precipitations. Le cycle annuel du SO4 dans l'eau est tamponne et n'est pas en phase avec le cycle des precipitations atmospheriques a cause d'un recyclage interne plus important. Ces observations sont compatibles avec les durees de sejour du Hg (en mois) et du S (en annees) dans l'eau de lac. Neanmoins, puisque les precipitations atmospheriques sont la source principale des deux polluants, les tendances dans l'eau du lac suivent celles des precipi - tations a l'echelle des decennies. Ainsi, les lacs isoles peuvent reagir fortement a des changements a court terme dans les precipitations de Hg, alors que leur reaction aux precipitations de SO 4 peuvent etre plus graduelles.