Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection and Isolation of Salmonella spp. in Animal Feeds from 2007-2011

Salmonella species (spp.) are zoonotic pathogens that contaminate animal ingredients and finished feed and represent a significant hazard as identified by the Codex Animal Feed Taskforce. The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) promulgated regulations prohibiting Salmonella contamination in feed and has since published a draft guidance document expressing their current strategy involving regulatory oversight of Salmonella contamination in feed. The Office of the Texas State Chemist (OTSC) initiated the broad surveillance of Salmonella spp. in 2007 in response of a Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium outbreak in frozen rodents, which are subject to the agency’s regulatory oversight as defined by the Texas Commercial Feed Control Act. From calendar years of 2007-2011, 2622 total feed samples were collected and subsequently evaluated for Salmonella contamination using multiple first-line methods, the accuracy of which was assessed with DNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and automated immunoanalysis. Three hundred and five out of 2622 tested samples with 78 different serotypes were identified as Salmonella-contaminated products. Results also indicated a steady increase in Salmonella incidence, along with a corresponding increase in Salmonella isolate and serotype diversity since 2007. This prevalence of Salmonella-contaminated feed stocks presents a potential risk to public health.
Herbage Quality of Fertilized Cool-Season Grass-Legume Mixtures in Western Nebraska

Herbage quality of meadow bromegrass [Bromus biebersteinii Roem and Schult. ], smooth bromegrass [Bromus inermis Leyss. ], intermediate wheatgrass [Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv. ], Russian wildrye [Elymus junceus Fisch. ], crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. ] in mixtures with alfalfa [Medicago sativa L. ] or cicer milkvetch [Astragaluscicer L. ] and with the 2 legumes in pure stands at 2 dates of harvest (June 5, June 26) and with 4 rates of fertilizer (0 kg N/ha-0 kg P/ha, 0 kg N/ha-22 kg P/ha, 45 kg N/ha-0 kg P/ha, 45 kg N/ha-22 kg P/ha) was studied in western Nebraska in 1977 and 1978. Soil at the study site was a loam (Typic Argiustoll) and average annual precipitation is 386 mm. Alfalfa-grass mixtures maintained a higher percentage crude protein than the respective cicer milkvetch-grass mixtures, with the alfalfa-Russian wildrye mixture producing the highest percentage crude protein. Percentage in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the cicer milkvetch-Russian wildrye mixture was the highest of all mixtures, and the percentage IVDMD of the cicer
The deletorious effects of high temperature during early germination on membrane integrity and subsequent germination of Amaranthus lividus

The effects of high temperature treatment on Amaranthus lividus seeds during the early imbibitional phase were studied in terms of germination behaviour, leakage of UV-absorbing substances, electrolyte leakage and free radical mediated membrane deterioration. Transfer of seeds during the early imbibitional period from 25°C to 45 °C for 4, 8, 12 and 16 hours resulted in the leakage of UV-absorbing substances and electrolytes up to 72 hours. Leakage of α-NH 2 and soluble carbohydrates was measured and the relative leakage ratio and membrane injury index were calculated. High temperature treatment decreased ethylene formation in germinating seeds. It is suggested that high temperature caused greater membrane damage by membrane lipid peroxidation in germinating seeds. This is substantiated by the elevated level of malondialdehyde and higher lipoxygenase activity in high temperature treated germinating seeds. Involvement of free oxygen radicals in membrane deterioration in the germinating seeds under heat shock could be indirectly inferred by the reduced activities of free radical scavengers like peroxidase, catalase and superoxidedismutase, with a concomitant rise in free H 2 O 2 level.
Patterns of space use in grassland bird communities during winter

L'etude est menee en plusieurs regions prairiales de L/Oklaboma et du Texas sur des passerines. L'utilisation de l'espace en hiver est variable, mais, generalement, il existe une extreme mobilite entre les sites et a l'interieur d'un meme site. Un comportement ressemblant a un comportement territorial n'est manifeste que par Ammodramus leconteii
RAPD analysis of cultivated and wild yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.)

Cultivated and weedy clones of yellow nutsedge were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to assess the polymorphism within the species and determine if this approach was suitable for identification of cultivar and wild populations. The RAPD markers unambiguously identified all studied clones. Nei-Li similarities were computed and used in an unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analyses. Cultivated and weedy clones were clustered in two groups, but two cultivated clones were more closely related to weedy clones than to cultivated clones. The results showed a high level of genetic variability among the clones tested, particularly among the cultivated ones. Identification of yellow nutsedge cultivars and analysis of genetic diversity within and among weedy populations is possible by using only a small number of primers. In this study, seven selected primers discriminated among the 10 tested clones.
Twenty-seven new species of vascular plants from Western Australia

Barrett, R.L. & Barrett, M.D. Twenty-seven new species of vascular plants from Western Australia. Nuytsia 26: 21–87 (2015). Twenty-seven new species are described from Western Australia. Bossiaea arenitensis R.L. Barrett, B. zarae R.L. Barrett (Fabaceae), Commelina roensis M.D.Barrett & R.L. Barrett (Commelinaceae), Crinum joesmithii M.D.Barrett & R.L. Barrett (Amaryllidaceae), Eriocaulon rivicola G.J.Leach, M.D.Barrett & R.L. Barrett (Eriocaulaceae), Glycine remota M.D.Barrett & R.L. Barrett (Fabaceae), Hybanthus bennettiae R.L. Barrett (Violaceae), Mitrasacme thedae M.D.Barrett & R.L. Barrett (Loganiaceae), Nymphoides astoniae M.D.Barrett & R.L. Barrett (Menyanthaceae), Proiphys kimberleyensis M.D.Barrett & R.L. Barrett (Amaryllidaceae), Schoenus thedae M.D.Barrett & R.L. Barrett (Cyperaceae), Trachymene pavimentum M.D.Barrett & R.L. Barrett (Araliaceae), Tribulopis marliesiae R.L. Barrett (Zygophyllaceae), Triodia celsa M.D.Barrett and T. diantha M.D.Barrett (Poaceae) are described from the Kimberley region. Aphyllodium beardii R.L. Barrett (Fabaceae) is described from the Great Sandy Desert and Triodia basitricha M.D.Barrett is described from the Pilbara region. Calectasia demarzii R.L. Barrett, C. elegans R.L. Barrett, C. jubilaea R.L. Barrett, C. valida R.L. Barrett (Dasypogonaceae), Caustis deserti R.L. Barrett, C. gigas Meney & K.W. Dixon ex R.L. Barrett, Lepidosperma fairallianum R.L. Barrett, L. hopperi R.L. Barrett, L. oldhamii R.L. Barrett (Cyperaceae) and Poranthera asybosca R.L. Barrett (Phyllanthaceae) are described from the south-west of Western Australia. All new species are illustrated and their conservation status assessed.
Non-indigenous species

Non-indigenous, exotics, introduced and non-native are all terms used to describe plants and animals that are living outside their natural geographic boundaries. Thousands of exotic plants, animals and microbes have been introduced into the United States. Some of these organisms have been intentionally imported for use in agriculture, the pet industry and fish and wildlife management. Others have been accidentally introduced from ships' ballast water, in packing materials and soils, or as hitchhikers on other plants and animals. Many exotic species, such as soybeans and wheat, have been beneficial and contribute significantly to the economy. Others, such as the gypsy moth and kudzu, have a negative impact. In addition, plant and animal species from the Americas have been exported to other parts of the world, with similar effects. Once established in new environments, many exotics displace native plants and animals, alter ecosystems, cause disease and interfere with human activities in industry, agriculture and recreation. The zebra mussel is a good example of a recent introduction which has caused untold damage to surface water users. Exotics typically leave their natural enemies behind, upsetting nature's system of checks and balances, and giving them an unfair advantage in their new homes. With time, an equilibrium is re-established, frequently, to the detriment of the native species.
Effects of Increasing Temperature on Acoustic Advertisement in the Tettigoniidae

Abstract Acoustic communication in insects is vital for reproduction. In the family Tettigoniidae, certain features of acoustic signals are impacted by ambient temperature. The current study investigates the correlation between increased ambient temperature and signaling behavior in four species of katydids in two subfamilies under conditions that may be encountered as environmental temperatures continue to rise due to climate change. This is the first systematic investigation into the potential effects of temperature on song parameters in these four species. Individuals were tested at five different temperatures, ranging from 20 °C to 40 °C at 5°C intervals, and measurements were taken on six acoustic parameters: buzz duration, interbuzz interval (IBI) duration, number of ticks in the IBI, tick rate in the IBI, pulse rate within a buzz, and percent time spent calling. Results indicated a statistically significant effect of temperature on pulse rate, buzz duration, and interbuzz interval duration for all species tested. The percent time calling and buzz duration increased at higher temperatures in the single species in the subfamily Tettigoniinae, in contrast with the three species in the subfamily Conocephalinae which showed decreased percent time calling and reduced buzz duration in increased temperature. These results highlight the potential differences in the behavioral responses among different species to increasing global temperatures. Further research is necessary to assess the potential impact of variable calling parameters on female choice in these and other katydid species.
On the inconsistency of pollinator species traits for predicting either response to agricultural intensification or functional contribution

The response and effect trait framework, if supported empirically, would provide for powerful and general predictions about how biodiversity loss will lead to loss in ecosystem function. This framework proposes that species traits will explain how different species respond to disturbance (i.e. response traits) as well as their contribution to ecosystem function (i.e. effect traits). However, predictive response and effect traits remain elusive for most systems. Here, we present detailed data on crop pollination services provided by native, wild bees to explore the role of six commonly used species traits in determining how crop pollination is affected by increasing agricultural intensification. Analyses were conducted in parallel for three crop systems (watermelon, cranberry, and blueberry) located within the same geographical region (mid-Atlantic USA). Bee species traits did not strongly predict species’ response to agricultural intensification, and the few traits that were weakly predictive were not consistent across crops. Similarly, no trait predicted species’ overall functional contribution in any of the three crop systems, although body size was a good predictor of per capita efficiency in two systems. So far, most studies looking for response or effect traits in pollination systems have found weak and often contradicting links. Overall we were unable to make generalizable predictions regarding species responses to land-use change and its effect on the delivery of ecosystem services. Pollinator traits may be useful for understanding ecological processes in some systems, but thus far the promise of traits-based ecology has yet to be fulfilled for pollination ecology.
Sequence and organization of the nonstructural proteins and noncoding regions of melon necrotic spot virus

Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), is an isometric plant virus with a monopartite, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. This thesis reports the nucleotide sequence of regions of the MNSV genome which are noncoding or which encode nonstructural proteins, as well as the number and approximate sizes of the subgenomic RNAs produced by MNSV during infection. These data show that the MNSV genome comprises at least 4,262 nucleotides encoding, in two different reading frames, three or four nonstructural proteins for which there is some evidence of in vivo expression. These proteins, listed in order of their location on the genome from the 5' terminus, have molecular weights of ca. 29,000 (p29), 89,000 (p89), 7,000 (p7) and 14,000 (pl4). The p29 and P89 proteins are probably translated from genomic length RNA, while p7 and pl4 are probably translated from a ca. 1.9 kb subgenomic RNA. A second subgenomic RNA of ca. 1.6 kb is the likely template for translation of the 3' proximal, 42 kDa coat protein. Expression of p89 and pl4 requires read-through of the amber termination codons of p29 and p7, respectively. MNSV p89 is the putative viral replicase; its read-through domain contains the GDD motif characteristic of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of several plant and animal viruses. The MNSV replicase shows very little amino acid sequence similarity with the replicases of viruses from either of the two established virus supergroups. The MNSV polymerase, however, shows a high degree of similarity with the polymerases of maize chlorotic mottle virus as well as carmo-, tombusand luteoviruses which have been suggested to form a third virus supergroup. The role of p29 is unknown, but it presumably functions in replication. The functions of p7 and pl4 are also unknown, but may be related to virus transport. Although MNSV shows amino acid sequence similarity in some
Quantification of T Cell Antigen-specific Memory Responses in Rhesus Macaques, Using Cytokine Flow Cytometry (CFC, also Known as ICS and ICCS): from Assay Set-up to Data Acquisition

[Abstract] What was initially termed ‘CFC’ (Cytokine Flow Cytometry’) is now more commonly known as ‘ICS’ (Intra Cellular Staining), or less commonly as ‘ICCS’ (Intra Cellular Cytokine Staining). The key innovations were use of an effective permeant (allowing intracellular staining), and a reagent to disrupt secretion (trapping cytokines, thereby enabling accumulation of detectable intracellular signal). Because not all researchers who use the technique are interested in cytokines, the ‘ICS’ term has gained favor, though ‘CFC’ will be used here. CFC is a test of cell function, exposing lymphocytes to antigen in culture, then measuring any cytokine responses elicited. Test cultures are processed so as to stain cells with monoclonal antibodies tagged with fluorescent markers, and to chemically fix the cells and decontaminate the samples, using paraformaldehyde. CFC provides the powers of flow cytometry, which includes bulk sampling and multi-parametric cross-correlation, to the analysis of antigen-specific memory responses. A researcher using CFC is able to phenotypically characterize cells cultured with test antigen, and for phenotypic subsets (e.g. CD4+ or CD8+ T cells) determine the % frequency producing cytokine above background level. In contrast to ELISPOT and Luminex methods, CFC can correlate production of multiple cytokines from particular, phenotypically-characterized cells. The CFC assay is useful for detecting that an individual has had an antigen exposure (as in population screenings), or for following the emergence and persistence of antigen memories (as in studies of vaccination, infections, or pathogenesis). In addition to quantifying the % frequency of antigen-responding cells, mean fluorescence intensity can be used to assess how much of a cytokine is generated within responding cells. With the technological advance of flow cytometry, a current user of CFC often has access to 11 fluorescent channels (or even 18), making it possible to either highly-characterize the phenotypes of antigen-responding cells, or else simultaneously quantify the responses according to many cytokines or activation markers. Powerful software like FlowJo (TreeStar) and SPICE (NIAID) can be used to analyse the data, and to do sophisticated multivariate analysis of cytokine responses.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae), a noxious invasive weed to South China

Abstract It is the first report on complete chloroplast genome of Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae), a noxious invasive weed to South China. The genome is a circular molecule of 152,092 bp in length with 37.58% average GC content, and includes a large single copy region (83,793 bp), a small single copy region (18,287 bp), and two inverted repeat regions (25,006 bp). The M. micrantha cp genome encodes 135 unique genes, including 90 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. ML tree based on 16 complete cpDNA from Asteraceae indicated that M. micrantha has a close sister relationship with Ageratina adenophora and Praxelis clematidea. The complete cpDNA of M. micrantha provides useful molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis.
Description of a new species, Bonomoia opuntiae N. sp. (Histiostomatidae, Astigmata), with observations on the function of its eyes

Bonomoia opuntiae n. sp. , a new species that inhabits rotting Opuntia pieces, is described. In this species, the distal mouthparts (palparmembrane structures) are conspicuously transformed in adaptation to the fluid-like habitat where the species is found. A comparative study of the chemotactic orientation of deutonymphs of Bonomoia opuntiae n. sp. and other histiostomatid species was performed. An up and down movement of legs I ("waving") to receive scent particles from the air is characteristic of all species of Histiostomatidae. The light sensitive organs of Bonomoia deutonymphs are possibly homologous to the "lenticulus" of the "Oribatida", a type of eye that originated within the paraphyletic "Oribatida" and probably remained within the Astigmata that phylogenetically come out of the "Oribatida". This eye differs completely from the ommatidium type that is usual for other mite groups that exhibit eyes. Experiments demonstrate that Bonomoia opuntiae n. sp. deutonymphs are attracted to light. This is a plesiomorphic character of all Histiostomatidae, but only B. opuntiae n. sp. (or probably Bonomoia in general) is able to recognise slight beam gradients. The special ability to position the body perpendicularly while walking and thereby bring the "eyes" in a position to receive small spots of light enables the mite easiliy to find the light. The phototactic behavior of B. opuntiae n. sp. is therefore derived and differs from that of other histiostomatids.
ANTISTRESS AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF BIPHENYL CHALCONE DERIVATIVES

This work reports the synthesis, characterization of new (2E)-1-(biphenyl-4-yl)-3-aryl)-prop-2-en-1-one derivatives ( C1-C10 ). The chalcone derivatives were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant activities. All the compounds exhibited moderate to good antimicrobial activity at MIC 10-40 µg/mL. The compounds were docked at the active site of the methionyl-tRNA synthetase (metRS) (PDB ID: 1A8H) to predict their putative interactions. The compounds further screened for antioxidant property, amid C5, C7 and C8 exhibited excellent DPPH radical scavenging activity. Compound C5 was selected for antistress studies against gamma radiation induced oxidative stress markers in E . coli K 12. The C5 pretreatment and irradiated bacteria sample showed modulatory action of stress enzymes SOD and CAT to near basal level and significant demulating effect on the level of TBARS.
Soil Moisture Measurements in Containers with Solid-state, Electronic Tensiometers

The construction and evaluation of a small, inexpensive tensiometer fitted with a pressure transducer (PT) and suitable for container media measurements is presented. The PT must be calibrated against known tensions before use, because the millivolt output from the PT varies with input voltage. The air volume above the liquid in the tensiometer that is sampled by the PT should be about 0.25 ml for an accurate (within 4%) and quick (10-20 sec) response. Tension measured with a PT was nearly identical to that measured with a mercury manometer in the range from 6.8 to 196 kPa (7-200 cm of water) during dry-down of a container with a plant (Paulownia tomentosa).
Release of antigens and immunogenicity versus the host response during infection with a rodent malaria parasite

BALB/c mice infected with the lethal strain Plasmodium berghei (K 173) and hyperimmune BALB/c mice which had been recovered from the infection after chloroquine therapy were used to study the formation of immune complexes in glomeruli of the kidney and in plasma, and their role in the induction of nephropathies, using electron microscopy, immunofluorescence immunoperoxidase and immunodiffusion techniques. Electron microscopical studies revealed comparable ultrastructural alterations in the glomeruli of infected and hyperimmune mice. Immune complexes in the glomeruli of infected mice were found to consist of immunoglobulins IgM, IgA and IgG, complement factor, and plasmodial antigens. On the other hand, precipitating plasmodial antibodies were hardly detectable in plasma of infected mice, while plasmodial antigens were present. An increased urinary protein content was recorded in infected mice. The sera were negative in the rheumatoid factor assay. Eradication of the parasitemia by chloroquine therapy caused a gradual disappearance of plasmodial antigens from the glomerular immune complexes and from plasma within three weeks. The glomeruli, however, remained strongly positive for immunoglobulins and complement. Plasma and glomeruli of hyperimmune mice which had been free of parasites up to ten weeks remained strongly positive for
Increased Productionand Activityof Cellulase Enzyme ofTrichoderma reeseiby Using Gibberellin Hormone

Cellulolytic complex are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing cellulose. Due to rapid growth in population and industrialization, most countries are required to produce more fuel. Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is very challenging due to environmental pollution by fossil fuels. Cellulases play a significant role in biotechnological processes. The cost of production of cellulase is very high. Approximately 50% of the cost of producing bioethanol is used to produce cellulose. Gibberellin regu lates the growth of fungi and plants. Cellulase production was significantly improved by gibberellins hormone. The cellulase activity was 4.29 FPU/ml (when we used 50 �omol/ml of gibberellins in culture medium). This was 12