Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Africa and the Near East.

A history of the changes in nomenclature within the genus Spodoptera is outlined. A key to the imagines of the eight species occurring in Africa and the Near East is presented, together with keys to the larvae and pupae of most of these species, including all those of economic importance in this region, as well as brief notes for identifying the eggs of six species. For each species, a separate account is given of its taxonomic features and affinities, general world and more detailed African distribution, as well as host-plants, including those of economic importance, and its vernacular names. The subspecies Spodoptera leucophlebia malagasy Viette, recorded only from the Malagasy Republic, has been raised to full specific status, and should now be known as Spodoptera malagasy Viette, stat. n.
ANT SPECIES DIVERSITY STUDY USING PITFALL TRAPS IN A SMALL YARD IN BOGOR BOTANIC GARDEN, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

The ant fauna in a small yard in Bogor Botanic Garden, West Java,Indonesia was investigated using pitfall traps. Regular sampling was carriedout weekly or biweekly for 3.5 years from March, 2000 to November, 2003.The accumulation curve for the species number collected was asymptotic,indicating the completeness of the sampling. A total of 29424 individuals,represented by 55 species in 27 genera, 17 tribes and 6 subfamilies werecollected. Myrmicinae was the most abundant with 19 species (34.6 %) and19524 individuals (66.4 %), followed by Formicinae with 15 species (27.3 %)and 4470 individuals (15.2 %), and Ponerinae with 12 species (21.8 %) and2880 individuals (9.8 %). Aenictinae, Dolichoderinae and Cerapachinae had 4(7.3 %), 4 (7.3 %) and 1 (1.8 %) species, and 1716 (5.8 %), 832 (5.8 %) and 2(0.01 %) individuals, respectively. The present results were compared with Itoet al. (2001), who collected ant species in Bogor Botanic Garden using 7methods, including pitfall traps.
Systematic application of palyno-anatomical characterization of Setaria species based in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscope (LM) analysis

This study based on multiple parameters including morphology, epidermal leaf anatomy and palynological (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) systematics of 5 species of genus Setaria (Poaceae). The study is confined to five species of the genus Setaria that is, Setaria glauca, Setaria italica, Setaria tomentosa, Setaria verticillata and Setaria viridis. In this study, the main emphasis was on palyno-anatomical characterization used as an aid in systematics. The scanning electron microscopic analysis of grasses, particularly Setariaspecies, has been reported for the first time in Pakistan, and it shows a lot of variation within the species. From this study, S. tomentosa is recorded as a new report in the Flora of Pakistan. It is stated that the study based on classical and modern approaches is very useful for systematic delimitation of problematic taxa like Setaria. Key words: Palyno-anatomical, elemental dispersive spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, Setaria (Poaceae).
Evaluation of Nutrition Risk and Its Association With Mortality Risk in Severely and Critically Ill COVID‐19 Patients

Abstract Background The nutrition status of coronavirus disease 2019 patients is unknown. This study evaluates clinical and nutrition characteristics of severely and critically ill patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and investigates the relationship between nutrition risk and clinical outcomes. Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted at West Campus of Union Hospital in Wuhan. Patients confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by a nucleic acid–positive test and identified as severely or critically ill were enrolled in this study. Clinical data and outcomes information were collected and nutrition risk was assessed using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS). Results In total, 413 patients were enrolled in this study, including 346 severely and 67 critically ill patients. Most patients, especially critically ill patients, had significant changes in nutrition‐related parameters and inflammatory markers. As for nutrition risk, the critically ill patients had significantly higher proportion of high NRS scores (P < .001), which were correlated with inflammatory and nutrition‐related markers. Among 342 patients with NRS score ≥3, only 84 (of 342, 25%) received nutrition support. Critically ill patients and those with higher NRS score had a higher risk of mortality and longer stay in hospital. In logistic regression models, 1‐unit increase in NRS score was associated with the risk of mortality increasing by 1.23 times (adjusted odds ratio, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.10–4.51; P = .026). Conclusions Most severely and critically ill patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 are at nutrition risk. The patients with higher nutrition risk have worse outcome and require nutrition therapy.
A comparison of Er,Cr:YSGG laser to minimally invasive surgical technique in the treatment of intrabony defects: six-month results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled study.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this publication is to report on the six-month clinical results and patient reported outcomes (PROs) comparing the surgical use of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser (ERL) and minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) for the treatment of intrabony defects in subjects with generalized periodontitis stage III, grade B. METHODS Fifty-three adult subjects (29 females and 24 males; 19 to 73 years) with 79 intrabony defects were randomized following scaling and root planing (SRP) to receive ERL monotherapy (n = 27) or MIST (n = 26). Recession (REC), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), treatment time, and PROs were assessed and compared for each treatment group. Clinical measurements were recorded at baseline, 4-6 weeks following SRP, and six months following surgical therapy. RESULTS The following primary and secondary outcome variables were non-inferior with the following margins: CAL with a non-inferiority margin of 0.6 millimeters (mm). (p = 0.05), PD with a non-inferiority margin of 0.5 mm. (p = 0.05), Recession with a non-inferiority margin of 0.4 mm (p = 0.05). Faster procedure times were found for ERL (16.39 ± 6.21 minutes) vs MIST (20.17 ± 5.62 minutes), p = 0.0002. In the first two to three days of post therapeutic diary outcomes, subjects reported less bruising, facial swelling, and use of Ice pack for the ERL group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first multicenter, randomized, blinded, and controlled study demonstrating the Er,Cr:YSGG laser is not inferior to MIST in terms of clinical outcomes but is superior in PROs for the surgical treatment of intrabony defects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Metabolic changes in mouse sperm during capacitation†

Abstract Mammalian sperm are stored in the epididymis in a dormant state. Upon ejaculation, they must immediately start producing sufficient energy to maintain motility and support capacitation. While this increased energy demand during capacitation is well established, it remains unclear how mouse sperm modify their metabolism to meet this need. We now show that capacitating mouse sperm enhance glucose uptake, identifying glucose uptake as a functional marker of capacitation. Using an extracellular flux analyzer, we show that glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation increase during capacitation. Furthermore, this increase in oxidative phosphorylation is dependent on glycolysis, providing experimental evidence for a link between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in mouse sperm. Summary Sentence During capacitation, mouse sperm increase the rates of both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
The transcription factors aryl hydrocarbon receptor and MYC cooperate in the regulation of cellular metabolism

The transcription factor AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) drives the expression of genes involved in detoxification pathways in cells exposed to pollutants and other small molecules. Moreover, AHR supports transcriptional programs that promote ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in cells stimulated to proliferate by the oncoprotein MYC. Thus, AHR is necessary for the proliferation of MYC-overexpressing cells. To define metabolic pathways in which AHR cooperates with MYC in supporting cell growth, here we used LC–MS–based metabolomics to examine the metabolome of MYC-expressing cells upon AHR knockdown. We found that AHR knockdown reduced lactate, S-lactoylglutathione, N-acetyl-l-alanine, 2-hydroxyglutarate, and UMP levels. Using our previously obtained RNA sequencing data, we found that AHR mediates the expression of the UMP-generating enzymes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone) (DHODH) and uridine monophosphate synthetase (UMPS), as well as lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), establishing a mechanism by which AHR regulates lactate and UMP production in MYC-overexpressing cells. AHR knockdown in glioblastoma cells also reduced the expression of LDHA (and lactate), DHODH, and UMPS but did not affect UMP levels, likely because of compensatory mechanisms in these cells. Our results indicate that AHR contributes to the regulation of metabolic pathways necessary for the proliferation of transformed cells.
Addition of Selected Plant-Derived Proteins as Modifiers of Inulin Hydrogels Properties

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of pea and soy protein addition (1, 3, 6 g/100 g) on inulin hydrogels properties. Inulin hydrogels (20 g/100 g) were obtained by thermal induction. It was stated that tested plant protein might be used as a modifier of inulin hydrogels properties. The addition of pea and soy protein to inulin hydrogels resulted in networks with more a compact and homogeneous structure. The increase of the protein concentration caused the structure of the hydrogels to get smoother, more cohesive, and less granular. Pea and soy protein addition (3–6 g/100 g) to hydrogels allowed to obtain higher values of yield stress, texture (firmness, adhesiveness) and spreadability parameters. At a protein concentration of 6 g/100 g, the firmness of inulin hydrogels was seven times higher for those with pea protein (1.87 N) and ten times higher for those with soy protein (2.60 N) compering to the control hydrogel (0.24 N). The transmission profiles of hydrogels with incorporated 6 g/100 g of soy proteins showed the slowest motion of the particles, which indicates the highest stability of gel. As the concentration of protein addition increased, a reduction in the lightness was observed.
Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) cepacia from brackish water aquaculture farms

The study determined the resistance pattern of Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) cepacia isolated from brackish water aquaculture farms. Forty five Pseudomonas cepacia isolates were assayed for antibiotic susceptibility test with a set of nine antibiotics viz. kanamycin, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethizol, gentamicin, oxytetracycline, rifampicin, neomycin and streptomycin. All 45 isolates were resistant to sulphamethizol, oxytetracycline, rifampicin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin (100%) and all were sensitive to gentamicin and neomycin (100%), whereas, 13% isolates were resistant to kanamycin. Strains showing similar resistance pattern against seven of nine antibiotics tested were assayed for the presence of plasmid. All six strains harboured three, high copy number small plasmid of size 4kb, 2kb and < 2.0 kb. Plasmid based antibiotic resistance were determined with curing and transformation. P. cepacia plasmids were cured with Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Acridine Orange (AO) and Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) at elevated temperature. Acridine Orange (AO) and Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) were better curing agents for P.cepacia. The lost property due to curing was regained by the transformants, as they were turned resistant against kanamycin and streptomycin. There was a marked difference in the cured and wild strains in the colony morphology and antibiotic pattern due to plasmids.
Virulence of Hymenoscyphus albidus and native and introduced Hymenoscyphus fraxineus on Fraxinus excelsior and Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Ash dieback is caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, a cryptic species of the putatively harmless Hymenoscyphus albidus. Recently, H. fraxineus was found to be native to East Asia. However, the virulence of Asian H. fraxineus strains on Fraxinus excelsior and the virulence of European H. albidus on hosts other than F. excelsior and Fraxinus mandshurica have not yet been assessed. In a wound inoculation study, the virulence of four H. albidus and four European and Japanese H. fraxineus strains was assessed on F. excelsior and Fraxinus pennsylvanica in a climate chamber. Lesion lengths were measured after approximately three and a half months. No lesions were observed on the negative control or on trees inoculated with H. albidus. In contrast, inoculation with H. fraxineus induced typical symptoms of ash dieback on both tree species. Japanese H. fraxineus strains induced significantly longer lesions compared to European strains. Fraxinus excelsior was highly susceptible and developed lesions averaging lengths of 1·7 and 8·4 cm for European and Japanese strains, respectively. Fraxinus pennsylvanica was less susceptible and developed average lesion lengths of 1·6 and 4·8 cm for European and Japanese strains, respectively. Most strains were successfully reisolated from necrotic lesions or inocula, fulfilling Koch's postulates. The data show that additional introductions of H. fraxineus strains from the native range to Europe could pose a threat to the conservation of F. excelsior. In addition, introduction of H. fraxineus to North America could potentially have a negative effect on the indigenous F. pennsylvanica.
G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR SIGNALLING IN NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEMS Signalling mechanisms in progesterone- neurotransmitter interactions

The current and expanded view of transcriptional regulation by the steroid/thyroid superfamily of nuclear transcription factors integrates not only the hormone-dependent but also the hormone-independent cellular signaling mechanisms in physiology and reproduction. This effort has vastly been aided by the identification of steroid hormone receptors as transcriptional mediators of a variety of ligands, whose transcriptional response is dependent upon cross-talk with distinct signal transduction pathways, their recruitment of coregulators, alteration of chromatin structure and identification of specific interactive motifs within the receptors themselves. This review will provide a framework for the current concepts in the field of steroid hormone action as exemplified by our studies on progesterone receptor in female sexual behavior.
Affective forecasting: A selective relationship with working memory for emotion.

Affective forecasting (AF), the ability to predict one's future feelings, is important for decision making. We posit that AF entails the ability to maintain and evaluate an emotional feeling state, and thus requires affective working memory (AWM; Mikels & Reuter-Lorenz, 2019). To test this hypothesis, a series of studies investigated whether individual differences in AWM are related to AF ability. In the first study, we document that measures of AWM and AF are positively related, whereas an analogous measure of visual working memory is unrelated to AF in separate groups of participants. Two further within-group studies (1 preregistered) demonstrate that maintenance of affective information predicts AF performance, whereas maintenance of brightness information does not. Further, 2 additional measures of visual working memory (Corsi block-tapping and change detection) did not independently predict AF ability. Taken together the results demonstrate a reliable and selective relationship between AWM and AF, suggesting that AWM is a separable working memory subsystem and an elemental capacity that contributes to the type of higher-order emotional processes involved in AF. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Effects of Trigger Point Dry Needling for the Management of Knee Pain Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: To evaluate the effect of trigger point dry needling alone or as an adjunct with other interventions on pain and related disability in people with knee pain. Methods: Several electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials where at least one group received dry needling for knee pain. Studies had to include human subjects and collect outcomes on pain and pain-related disability in musculoskeletal knee pain. Data were extracted by two reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Guidelines, methodological quality was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score, and the quality of evidence by using the GRADE approach. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated. Results: Ten studies (six patellofemoral pain, two knee osteoarthritis, two post-surgery knee pain) were included. The meta-analysis found moderate effect sizes of dry needling for reducing pain (SMD −0.53, 95% CI −0.87 to −0.19) and improving related disability (SMD −0.58, 95% CI −1.08 to −0.09) as compared to a comparison group at short-term. The main effect was observed for patellofemoral pain (SMD −0.64, 95% CI −1.17 to −0.11). No significant effects were observed at mid- or long-term follow-ups. The risk of bias was generally low, but the heterogenicity and the imprecision of the results downgraded the level of evidence. Conclusion: Low to moderate evidence suggests a positive effect of trigger point dry needling on pain and related disability in patellofemoral pain, but not knee osteoarthritis or post-surgery knee pain, at short-term. More high-quality trials investigating long-term effects are clearly needed.
Alleviation of Saline Stress by Gypsum in Chlorella vulgaris BEIJERINCK

In the present study the interactive effect of NaCl and gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O.) on biochemical contents of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck was investigated. In order to evaluate the role of gypsum in the alleviation of saline stress, Chlorella was treated with different concentrations (0.1-0.4M) of NaCl and NaCl fortified with gypsum (10mM) besides control. The study revealed that the total chlorophyll contents increased upto 0.2M thereafter it was declined. While addition of gypsum (10mM) showed significant promotion in the total chlorophyll contents at higher levels too. The protein contents gradually decreased in all the concentrations of NaCl but gypsum treatments promoted their contents. While NaCl treatments increased the accumulation of proline in all the concentrations but glycinebetaine increased up to 0.3 M thereafter declined. However addition of gypsum decreased proline and glycinebetaine contents. The study revealed that gypsum treatment could alleviate the adverse effect of salinity on Chlorella vulgaris.
Mutual ornamentation, age and reproductive performance in the European starling

Ornamental traits expressed in both sexes are widespread among birds. Many studies have indicated that male ornaments develop through sexual selection. Female ornaments may be correlated effects of selection on males or have signaling functions in their own right. In the facultatively polygynous starling Sturnus vulgaris, both sexes possess iridescent throat feathers, which are actively displayed during courtship by males. This paper investigates the reproductive correlates of throat feather ornaments in both sexes. Bird-perceived hue and components of feather length covaried strongly, and a summary variable (the first principal component [PC1]) was extracted using Principal component analysis. Sex and age-related differences were found for PC1. Positive assortative mating was found with respect to age and PC1. However, the relative influences of ornamentation and age on breeding variables were hard to separate, so effects may be related to other age-related variables. This provides a cautionary note for studies of ornamentation where age is unknown. However, we argue that throat feathers in starlings may signal age and age-related quality measures in both sexes. Older females with higher PC1 scores bred earlier and laid larger clutches with higher hatching success; older males with higher PC1 scores had higher chances of becoming polygynous and attracting high reproductive quality females. PC1 showed no relationship with parental care in either sex. Direct reproductive benefits for males and indirect genetic benefits for either sex may drive mate choice based on these age-related characters. However, only experimental manipulation can determine whether ornamentation signals quality variation within age classes. Copyright 2005.
Dendrogenin A Synergizes with Cytarabine to Kill Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Dendrogenin A (DDA) is a mammalian cholesterol metabolite that displays potent antitumor properties on acute myeloid leukemia (AML). DDA triggers lethal autophagy in cancer cells through a biased activation of the oxysterol receptor LXRβ, and the inhibition of a sterol isomerase. We hypothesize that DDA could potentiate the activity of an anticancer drug acting through a different molecular mechanism, and conducted in vitro and in vivo combination tests on AML cell lines and patient primary tumors. We report here results from tests combining DDA with antimetabolite cytarabine (Ara-C), one of the main drugs used for AML treatment worldwide. We demonstrated that DDA potentiated and sensitized AML cells, including primary patient samples, to Ara-C in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that this sensitization was LXRβ-dependent and was due to the activation of lethal autophagy. This study demonstrates a positive in vitro and in vivo interaction between DDA and Ara-C, and supports the clinical evaluation of DDA in combination with Ara-C for the treatment of AML.
Self-Organized Liver Microtissue on a Bio-Functional Surface: The Role of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in Hepatic Function

The maintenance of hepatocyte function is a critical research topic in liver tissue engineering. Although an increasing number of strategies have been developed, liver tissue engineering using hepatocytes as a therapeutic alternative remains challenging owing to its poor efficacy. In this study, we developed a multicellular hepatic microtissue to enhance the function of induced hepatic precursor cells. Mouse induced hepatic precursor cells (miHeps) were self-organized in 3D with human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) on a bio-functional matrix. We found that hepatic phenotypes, such as levels of albumin, asialoglycoprotein receptor-1, and cytochrome P450, were enhanced in miHeps-hASC microtissue comprising miHeps and hASCs relative to two-dimensional-cultured miHeps-hASCs. Additionally, the secretome of 3D-cultured hASCs increased the hepatic function of mature miHeps. Furthermore, hepatic gene expression was reduced in mature miHeps treated with conditioned media of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α)-depleted hASCs relative to that with conditioned media of control hASCs. Our results suggested that the hepatic function of 3D-co-cultured miHeps could be enhanced by HIF1α-dependent factors secreted from stromal cells. This study provides an insight into the factors regulating hepatic function and shows that self-organized hepatic microtissue could act as liver spheroids for liver regenerative medicine and liver toxicity tests.