Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive comment on “ Technical Note : On the Matt – Shuttleworth approach to estimate crop water requirements ” by J . P . Lhomme et al

It is clear from Lhomme et al (2014) that aspects of the explanation of the MattShuttleworth approach can generate confusion. Presumably this is because the description in Shuttleworth (2006) was not sufficiently explicit and simple. I welcome the opportunity to redress this and I am grateful to Lhomme et al (2014) for bringing this need to my attention. I have submitted a technical note separately to HESS entitled Comments on “On the Matt-Shuttleworth approach to estimate crop water requirements” which explains the logic behind the Matt-Shuttleworth approach clearly, simply and concisely. However, pending publication of that technical note I am concerned that, if left unchallenged, Lhomme et al (2014) might compound confusion and
Counting Subgroups of a Non-Abelian p-group Z p n o Z p

The main goal of this paper is to count subgroups which are isomorphic to cyclic p-group, internal direct product of two cyclic p-group or semi direct product of two cyclic p-group of the non-Abelian p-group Zpn o Zp, n ≥ 2 where p may be even or odd prime, by using simple-theoretical approach. AMS Subject Classification: Primary 20D60; Secondary 20D15
The Theory of Essence. II. An Electromagnetic-Quantum Mechanical Model of Interactionism

The theory of essence, based on the physics of electromagnetism and quantum mechanics, solves the problem of interaction resulting from Descartes's dualistic conception of human nature. The theory is empirically based in phenomena consistently reported by near-death experiencers. These phenomena are divided into four categories of interaction experienced by the dissociated mind (or essence), each of which is analogous to properties of electric dipoles. I compare the theory of essence with Descartes's interaction ist propositions and propose an experimental test of the theory. Contemplation of the relationship between mind and body is a time-honored human activity. Such musings occurred in antiquity, as evidenced by Homer's Odyssey (Popper and Eccles, 1977), and debate continues today (Dennett, 1991). In the history of this debate, Rene Descartes is a pivotal figure. Karl Popper (Popper and Eccles, 1977) asserted that before Descartes, all significant philosophers (of whom we know enough to comment) were either explicitly or implicitly du alistic interactionists, except perhaps for the Greek thinkers Leucip pus and Democritus, a view espoused a century ago by Friedrich
Updated Tests for Small-study Effects in Meta-analyses

This article describes an updated version of the metabias command, which provides statistical tests for funnel plot asymmetry. In addition to the previously implemented tests, metabias implements two new tests that are recommended in the recently updated Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins and Green 2008). The first new test, proposed by Harbord, Egger, and Sterne (2006, Statistics in Medicine 25: 3443–3457), is a modified version of the commonly used test proposed by Egger et al. (1997, British Medical Journal 315: 629–634). It regresses Z/ V against V , where Z is the efficient score and V is Fisher's information (the variance of Z under the null hypothesis). The second new test is Peters’ test, which is based on a weighted linear regression of the intervention effect estimate on the reciprocal of the sample size. Both of these tests maintain better control of the false-positive rate than the test proposed by Egger at al., while retaining similar power.
Coherent thermodynamical modelling of geomaterial reinforced by wires

The TexSol is a composite geomaterial : a sand matrix and a wire network reinforcement. For small strains a thermodynamical continuous model of the TexSol including the unilaterality of the wire network is postulated. This model is described by two potentials which depend on some internal variables and a state variable either strain or stress tensor (the choice of this last one gives two different ways of identification). The TexSol continuous model is implemented in a finite element code to recover the mechanical behaviour given by discrete elements numerical experiments.
Weak Galactic halo-Fornax dSph connection from RR Lyrae stars

Aims. For the first time accurate pulsation properties of the ancient variable stars of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) are discussed in the broad context of galaxy formation and evolution. Methods. Homogeneous multi-band BVI optical photometry of spanning twenty years has allowed us to identify and characterize more than 1400 RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) in this galaxy. Results. Roughly 70% are new discoveries. We investigate the period-amplitude distribution and find that Fornax shows a lack of high amplitude (\hbox{$A_V \gtrapprox 0.75$} mag) short period fundamental-mode RRLs ( P ≲ 0.48 d, HASPs). These objects occur in stellar populations more metal-rich than [Fe/H] ~−1.5 and they are common in the Galactic halo (hereafter Halo) and in globulars. This evidence suggests that old Fornax stars (older than 10 Gyr) are relatively metal poor. A detailed statistical analysis of the role of the present-day Fornax dSph in reproducing the Halo period distribution shows that it can only account for up to 20% of the Halo when combined with RRLs in massive dwarf galaxies (Sagittarius dSph, Large Magellanic Cloud). This finding indicates that Fornax-like systems played a smaller role than massive dwarfs in building up the Halo. Conclusions. We also discuss the occurrence of HASPs in connection with the luminosity and the early chemical composition of nearby dwarf galaxies. We find that, independently of their individual star formation histories, bright ( M V ≲ −13.5 mag) galaxies have HASPs, whereas faint ones (\hbox{$M_V \gtrapprox -11$} mag) do not. Interestingly enough, Fornax belongs to a luminosity range (−11 M V ≲ −13.5 mag) in which the occurrence of HASPs appears to be correlated with the early star formation and chemical enrichment of the host galaxy.
Experimental Study on Basic Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Siliceous Wet Shotcrete

In order to solve the problem of low strength and easy cracking of shotcrete in permanent support of tunnel single shell lining, the effects of steel fiber-reinforced siliceous on mechanical properties of wet shotcrete were investigated by the tests of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, shear strength, and bending toughness. The strength and the cracking resistance mechanism of steel fiber-reinforced siliceous wet shotcrete were analyzed by the bending toughness evaluation method. The results show that (1) the steel fiber-reinforced siliceous can improve splitting tensile, flexural, and shear capacity of the shotcrete, and the maximum growth rates were 77.42%, 72.73%, and 98.31%. The steel fiber plays a major role, and silica fume plays a subsidiarity role. (2) The effect of different types and contents of steel fibers on the compressive strength of wet shotcrete are not obvious. (3) The strengthening effect of shear undaform steel fiber on concrete is obviously better than that of shear flat steel fiber. (4) The flexural toughness of wet shotcrete with the silica content of 10% and the shear steel fiber of 60 kg/m3 is the best.
The outcomes of psychotherapy in mixed features personality disorders: a systematic review

Mixed features personality disorders (PDs) are highly prevalent and associated with significant burden of disease. Despite that, it has been an overlooked diagnostic category with respect to clinical research. This study aims to review empirical evidence about psychotherapy delivery available for these patients. We present a systematic review of clinical trials investigating the outcomes of psychotherapeutic interventions in adults with a primary diagnosis of mixed features PDs. Data were obtained from Medline/PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO. Seven studies met inclusion criteria; in one of them the whole sample was of this diagnostic group; two studies analysed psychotherapeutic intervention outcomes in this population, among other types of PDs, yet drawing specific conclusions on mixed features PDs patients; remaining studies addressed patient samples with different PDs types, mixed features included, where specific findings in this group of patients were not described – nonetheless, they included representative numbers of subjects with the diagnosis of interest. Available studies suggest that mixed features personality pathology per se does not seem to be an impediment to benefit from psychotherapeutic treatment, and improvement in different areas of life is possible for patients undergoing psychotherapy. The extant literature is marked by multiple challenges and inconsistencies across studies. Silva S et al. / Arch Clin Psychiatry. 2018;45(6):161-6
Structural analysis of pile cap as onshore wind turbine foundation

ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the structural behavior of reinforced concrete pile caps as onshore wind turbine foundations using eight models based on the finite element method (FEM). The variables adopted are: the type of finite element utilized; the soil representation; and, considering or not the soil under the pile cap base. All materials constituting the models were considered as linear elastic behavior. The results of interest are: reaction in piles; dividing the load between soil and piles; pile cap displacement; normal radial stress and bending moments in the pile cap. The models designed on solid elements and shell elements demonstrated good compatibility between the found values, such as dividing the load between soil and piles. In some models, the numerical analysis showed results against the structural safety of the foundation when the soil under the pile cap is not considered.
Invasive grass negatively affects growth and survival of an imperiled butterfly

With only ~1% of native prairie remaining in North America, populations of many prairie-obligate species, including the imperiled Dakota skipper butterfly, have drastically declined in recent decades. Unfortunately, population recovery is impeded by an insufficient understanding of Dakota skipper biology. Because larvae have never been naturally observed in the wild, even basic life history elements including preferred host plant(s) are not well understood, and potential hosts have been inferred from grasses inhabiting remnant sites rather than direct observations. To improve our understanding of Dakota skipper biology and habitat needs and inform recovery efforts, we conducted a no-choice performance experiment offering larvae 1 of 5 commonly occurring native grasses and 2 pervasive invasive grass species found across their historic range. We monitored larvae during key life history intervals and evaluated host plant quality by measuring larval and pupal mass, time to pupation, and survivorship. Larvae fed on all offered host grasses, but mass, phenology, and survivorship varied among treatments. Larvae reared on prairie dropseed and porcupine grass had the highest survival, the shortest time to adulthood, and the greatest mass, whereas larvae provided smooth brome and Kentucky bluegrass fared poorly for all observed metrics. All other grasses offered during the study were deemed ‘medium’ quality. Our results suggest that although larvae can feed on a variety of potential host plants, these hosts vary in quality. Invasive grasses across prairies in North America may pose an ecological trap to the conservation of Dakota skipper and other prairie-obligate Lepidoptera.
HOXA 1 upregulation is associated with poor prognosis and tumor progression in breast cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality among females worldwide. As a member of the homeobox (HOX) gene family, HOXA1 is involved in tumor progression and prognosis in several types of human cancer. However, the clinical significance and biological functions of HOXA1 in BC remains unknown. The current study assessed the expression of HOXA1 in BC tissues and cells via western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The association between HOXA1 expression and the clinicopathological features of patients with BC was analyzed using the Chi-square test. The overall survival of patients was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and examined using the log-rank test. Cell proliferation was examined via an MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. The current study demonstrated that HOXA1 mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in BC. In addition, HOXA1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological features in patients with BC. Furthermore, knockdown of HOXA1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation by enhancing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in BC cells, which was accompanied with aberrant expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-associated proteins, cyclin D1, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-like protein 4. Taken together, the results suggested that HOXA1 may serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in BC.
Akademia Baru Design of PID Control System Assisted using LabVIEW in Biomedical Application

Temperature variation of modern incubator produced inaccuracy and aging. This causes problem in maintaining temperature at a required level. Thus, overheating will damaging and interrupt data under measured. In order to maintain the temperature at a require level, an economical and reliable of a Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) acquisition control system assisted using LabVIEW has been developed. The PID acquisition control system uses feedback from the temperature sensor to calculate and vary converted voltage to heat a heating element at a required level. Results show that, the PID acquisition control system able to control the temperature at the required level of 38 °C. Copyright © 2015 Penerbit Akademia Baru All rights reserved.
How far can be SAR considered a tool for mountain hydrology?

Accurate information about soil moisture content (SMC) in mountain catchments is of great importance in hydrological applications, agriculture and climate change impact analysis. In the last two decades microwave remote sensing sensors such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) have been deeply exploited for surface SMC estimation. However, obtaining reliable predictions of fine-scale spatial and temporal patterns of SMC in mountain areas is still challenging due to the extreme variability in topography, soil and vegetation properties. In this contribution we analyze the spatial and temporal dynamic of surface SMC of alpine meadows and pastures with different techniques: (I) a network of fixed stations; (II) field campaigns with mobile ground sensors; (III) SMC retrieval from RADARSAT2 SAR images; (IV) simulations using the GEOtop 2.0 hydrological model. The strength and the weaknesses of the different estimation techniques are evaluated and the physical controls of the observed SMC patterns are analyzed. Results show that SAR SMC estimation corresponds well to the spatial ground surveys, but shows different patterns with respect to the model, especially for irrigated meadows. In fact, SAR patterns reflect vegetation, soil type and topography. Model output is in agreement with fixed stations observations, but it shows less spatial variability compared to SAR. Differences are likely due to the difficulties to know with sufficient spatial detail model parameters and irrigation amount. Therefore, results suggest that SAR products have a good ability to reproduce small-scale SMC patterns in mountain regions, thus complementing the ability of the hydrological model to predict temporal variations of SMC.
A workflow for preprocessing and proteomic biomarker identification on mass-spectrometry data

A core technology in proteomics is mass spectroscopy (MS) that permits the measurement of thousands of proteins/peptides simultanously. Sophisticated data mining methods are necessary to identify highly predictive proteomic biomarker candidates in generated MS spectra that are specific to a certain disease. However, before analysis can be started the preprocessing of raw mass spectra is an essential task, mainly due to the presence of background signals in the spectra such as electrical and chemical noise. In this work we present a new data mining workflow for the identification of proteomic biomarker candidates using mass spectrometry data. The workflow includes two major steps: 1) the preprocessing of raw spectra, and 2) the identification of highly discriminating candidate masses using a 3-step feature selection approach by combining the advantages of efficient filter and effective wrapper techniques. With the proposed workflow we were able to identify putative candidate biomarkers in a lifethreatening human disease using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging MS (MALDI-IMS).
Optimization of the terminal operating mode during the formation of a container block train

Currently, container shipping plays an important role in international logistics. Terminals handle containers between different modes of transport and are a key element in supply chains. The quality of transport services, in general, depends on the technical and technological parameters of container terminals. At the same time, the task is to optimize the operating mode of the container terminal to reduce logistics costs. This article presents the results of a study of the traffic flows of terminals adjacent to the Tashkent regional railway junction stations, obtained based on timing observations on the unloading of containers arriving at the terminal by road for shipment by container trains. Based on these observations, the regularities of the distribution of the probabilities of the arrival of containers at the terminal and the time of servicing vehicles by a gantry crane were established. With the help of the established patterns, the main indicators were selected that characterize the quality of the container terminal functioning. A mathematical model has been developed and an algorithm for finding the optimal operating mode of a container terminal when forming a container block train. As the results of calculations have shown, the volume of logistics costs for the operation of a container terminal depends on the type and quantity of used handling equipment and the number of supply of fitting wagons to loading and unloading routes.
High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with Picomole Sensitivity by Hyperpolarization on a Chip.

We show that high-resolution NMR can reach picomole sensitivity for micromolar concentrations of analyte by combining parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization (PHIP) with a high-sensitivity transmission line microdetector. The para-enriched hydrogen gas is introduced into solution by diffusion through a membrane integrated into a microfluidic chip. NMR microdetectors, operating with sample volumes of a few μL or less, benefit from a favorable scaling of mass sensitivity. However, the small volumes make it very difficult to detect species present at less than millimolar concentrations in microfluidic NMR systems. In view of overcoming this limitation, we implement PHIP on a microfluidic device with a 2.5 μL detection volume. Integrating the hydrogenation reaction into the chip minimizes polarization losses to spin-lattice relaxation, allowing the detection of picomoles of substance. This corresponds to a concentration limit of detection of better than 1μMs , unprecedented at this sample volume. The stability and sensitivity of the system allow quantitative characterization of the signal dependence on flow rates and other reaction parameters and permit homo- (1H-1H) and heteronuclear (1H-13C) 2D NMR experiments at natural 13C abundance.
Reduction Theorems for Hybrid Dynamical Systems

This paper presents reduction theorems for stability, attractivity, and asymptotic stability of compact subsets of the state space of a hybrid dynamical system. Given two closed sets <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Gamma _1 \subset \Gamma _2 \subset \mathbb {R}^n$</tex-math></inline-formula>, with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Gamma _1$</tex-math></inline-formula> compact, the theorems presented in this paper give conditions under which a qualitative property of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Gamma _1$</tex-math></inline-formula> that holds relative to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Gamma _2$</tex-math></inline-formula> (stability, attractivity, or asymptotic stability) can be guaranteed to also hold relative to the state space of the hybrid system. As a consequence of these results, sufficient conditions are presented for the stability of compact sets in cascade-connected hybrid systems. We also present a result for hybrid systems with outputs that converge to zero along solutions. If such a system enjoys a detectability property with respect to a set <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Gamma _1$</tex-math></inline-formula>, then <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Gamma _1$</tex-math></inline-formula> is globally attractive. The theory of this paper is used to develop a hybrid estimator for the period of oscillation of a sinusoidal signal.
AN XMM-NEWTON STUDY OF THE MIXED-MORPHOLOGY SUPERNOVA REMNANT W28 (G6.4−0.1)

We have performed an XMM-Newton imaging and spectroscopic study of supernova remnant (SNR) W28, a prototype mixed-morphology or thermal composite SNR believed to be interacting with a molecular cloud. The observed hot X-ray emitting plasma is characterized by low metal abundances, showing no evidence of ejecta. The X-rays arising from the deformed northeastern shell consist of a thermal component with a temperature of ∼0.3 keV plus a hard component of either thermal (temperature ∼0.6 keV) or non-thermal (photon index = 0.9–2.4) origin. The X-ray emission in the SNR interior is blobby and the corresponding spectra are best described as the emission from a cold (∼0.4 keV) plasma in non-equilibrium ionization with an ionization timescale of ∼4.3 × 1011 cm−3 s plus a hot (∼0.8 keV) gas in collisional ionization equilibrium. Applying the two-temperature model to the smaller central regions, we find non-uniform interstellar absorption, temperature, and density distribution, which indicates that the remnant is evolving in a non-uniform environment with denser material in the east and north. The cloudlet evaporation mechanism can essentially explain the properties of the X-ray emission in the center, and thermal conduction may also play a role for length scales comparable to the remnant radius. A recombining plasma model with an electron temperature of ∼0.6 keV is also feasible for describing the hot central gas with the recombination age of the gas estimated at ∼2.9 × 104 yr.