Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Mathematical Models for the 111 In-labelled Bleomycin Complex and 10 B in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

In this study, exponential function fittings, compartmental models, and numerical models were used to study and simulate the kinetics of an indium-111-labelled bleomycin complex (In-BLMC) and of boron-10 (B) atoms in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) after infusion of a p-boronophenylalanine fructose complex (BPA-F). In twelve patients with a brain tumour the kinetics of In-BLMC after rapid intravenous injection was quantified, using compartmental and non-compartmental modelling. Blood and urine samples were collected from 12 patients. In addition, tumour samples, obtained at surgery, were available from three patients. Two-, threeand four-exponential function fittings and open two-, threeand four-compartment models were applied to the data. The most accurate models were a three-exponent function fitting and an open three-compartment model. The biological mean half-lives of In-BLMC in blood obtained from the threeexponent model were 5.6±3.4 min for the fast, 1.7±0.4 h for the intermediate and 18±6 h for the slow component. The biological mean half-life of In-BLMC in urine was 3.5±0.6 h and the mean plasma clearance was 0.3±0.1 ml blood/min. BNCT is radiotherapy, in which the patient is infused intravascularly with a B carrier, which accumulates in the tumour cells. External neutron beams are targeted on the tumour, resulting in neutron capture reactions in the B atoms. The energy released destroys the tumour tissue. The Finnish BNCT group uses BPA-F as a B carrier. Kinetic models for the B time-concentration curves in the blood after BPA-F infusion were constructed for several study assemblies: for an animal study and for four studies of patients. In the animal study of nine dogs, 250 or 700 mg BPA/kg body weight was infused during 30 minutes or 1 hour, and blood samples from all dogs and urine samples from two dogs were collected. A biexponential model and an open three-compartment model were found to be the most accurate. There were 17 glioma patients from the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), and twentyone glioma patients and two volunteers from the Finnish BNCT trials. Fourteen patients and two volunteers received various amounts of infused BPA-F during variable times. Twentytwo patients received a 2-hr i.v. infusion of a BPA-fructose complex that delivered 290 mg BPA/kg body weight, which is the current treatment procedure in the Finnish BNCT trials. Data from the BNL BNCT trials were used to model construction and testing. All the data from the patients from the BNCT trials in Finland were fitted with the resulting four modelling tools, i.e. bi-exponent fitting, an open two-compartment model, and 3and 4-
Morphological and Genetic Divergence of Hoplias microlepis (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) in Rivers and Artificial Impoundments of Western Ecuador

Little is known about the freshwater fishes of western Ecuador despite serious environmental threats, including the creation of large artificial impoundments. Phenotypic and genetic divergence of populations of a large predatory fish, Hoplias microlepis, is examined in rivers and artificial impoundments of the Guayas River drainage in western Ecuador. Despite the recent formation of the impoundments (∼20 years prior to the sampling), H. microlepis in these habitats diverged morphologically from river populations. Impoundment fish tended to have larger eyes, longer dorsal and caudal fins, and thinner bodies than river fish. Classification rates for habitat of origin based on morphometric measures were relatively high (71.7–83.3%), and the magnitude of morphological divergence was substantial when contrasted with divergence from H. malabaricus, a congener from eastern Ecuador. Frequencies of mtDNA d-loop haplotypes differed significantly among samples. Genetic divergence between river samples implies that the genetic structure in the drainage predates the formation of the impoundments. The genetic analysis also indicates that the morphological divergence between fish in different habitat types is not likely due to shared ancestry. Genetic diversity tended to be higher in the river samples, and the percentage of private alleles was higher in the impoundment populations, which is consistent with rapid population expansion from a limited number of founders in impoundments.
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Interdecadal Variability of the Eastward Current in the South China Sea Associated with the Summer Asian Monsoon

Based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) dataset and three types of Sverdrup streamfunction, an interdecadal variability of the eastward current in the middle South China Sea (SCS) during summer is identified. Both the pattern and strength of the summer Asian monsoon wind stress curl over the SCS contribute to the interdecadal variability of this current. From 1960 to 1979, the monsoon intensified and the zero wind stress curl line shifted southward. Both the core of positive wind stress curl in the northern SCS and the negative curl in the southern SCS moved southward and thus induced a southward shift of both the southern anticyclonic and northern cyclonic gyres, resulting in a southward displacement of the eastward current associated with these two gyres.In the meantime, the southern (northern) SCS anticyclonic (cyclonic) ocean gyre weakened (strengthened) and therefore also induced the southward shift of the eastward current near the intergyre boundary. In contrast, the eastward current shifted northward from 1980 to 1998 because the monsoon relaxed and the zero wind stress curl line shifted northward. After 1998, the eastward jet moved southward again as the zero wind stress curl line shifted southward and the SCS monsoon strengthened. The eastward current identified from the baroclinic streamfunction moved about 1.78 more southward than that from the barotropic streamfunction, indicating that the meridional position of the eastward current is depth dependent.
Verifiable Secure Secret Image Sharing Scheme

Many visual secret sharing schemes for digital images have been developed in recent years. The new progressive secret sharing scheme for grayscale images proposed in this paper is based on a combination of bit-plane slicing of an image and equation based secret sharing scheme. First, n*n secret image and n*n cover images are decomposed into bit-plane images. Then higher bitplane images of the both are utilized to produce shadows. The proposed scheme progressively recovers the secret. After collecting all shadow images, the secret image can be completely recovered.
Morpho-agronomic and molecular characterisation of Oryza glaberrima germplasm from Mali

In order to exploit the important agronomic traits that make Oryza glaberrima Steud suitable for harsh growing conditions, 79 Riz Africain du Mali (RAM) including four checks of known cultivated rice species (Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima) were used for both field evaluation over two seasons (2007 and 2008) and assessment of molecular diversity. The molecular characterization showed all the 37 SSR markers used amplified and were polymorphic. The average heterozygosity of the accessions were relatively higher (0.18) than some earlier studies. The population from Mopti and Gao had a higher genetic diversity than other populations. Clustering of individuals showed no clear pattern of grouping based on either location or growing condition; this is due to the higher gene flow (Nm = 7.83) that may occur between different growing condition within location. Moreover, populations from different locations were highly differentiated (fst = 0.06) as compared to populations from different growing conditions (fst = 0.03). The dendrogram based on populations from different growing conditions revealed more similarity among populations with relatively similar growing conditions. Accessions such as, RAM116, RAM100 and RAM122, performed better under drought with a grain weight advantage of 40, 16 and 6.7% respectively over the best performing check. Key words: Genetic diversity, SSR markers, drought tolerance, Oryza glaberrima.
Another Flip in the Row : Bypassing Rowhammer Defenses and Making Remote-Rowhammer Attacks Practical

The Rowhammer bug is an issue in most DRAM modules [15, 23] which allows software to cause bit flips in DRAM cells, consequently manipulating data. Although only considered a reliability issue by DRAM vendors, research has showed that a single bit flip can subvert the security of an entire computer system. In the introduction of the talk, we will outline the developments around Rowhammer since its presentation at Black Hat USA 2015. We discuss attacks [2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27] and defenses that researchers came up with. The defenses against Rowhammer either try to prevent Rowhammer bit flips from occurring [1, 4, 7, 13, 15, 18], or at least ensure that Rowhammer attacks cannot exploit the bug anymore [6, 10, 12, 26]. We will present a novel Rowhammer attack [11] that undermines all existing assumptions on the requirements for such attacks. With onelocation hammering, we show that Rowhammer does not necessarily require to alternating accesses to two or more addresses. We explain that modern CPUs rely on memory-controller policies that enables an attacker to use this new hammering technique. Moreover, we introduce new building blocks for exploiting Rowhammer-like bit flips which circumvent all currently proposed countermeasures. In addition to classical privilege escalation attacks, we also demonstrate a new, easily mountable denialof-service attack which can be exploited in the cloud. We will also show that despite all efforts, the Rowhammer bug is still not prevented. We conclude that more research is required to fully understand this bug to subsequently be able to design efficient and secure
Leukocytic-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Integrin α v ß 3 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia : Relation to Clinical Outcome

Different signaling routes seem to be simultaneously triggered in leukemia, with distinct and overlapping activities. Different reports emphasize the interaction between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and integrin αvß3 as a key control system of angiogenesis, oncogenesis and metatasis. The current study was undertaken to investigate leukocytic-VEGF and integrin αvß3 as correlated with clinical outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The study groups included 10 newly diagnosed AML patients before the start of any chemotherapeutic medication and 10 normal healthy control subjects. The level of VEGF was estimated in culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMN) of both groups using commercially available ELISA kit. The degree of integrin αvß3 expression on PBMN was estimated by indirect immunoflourescence. Obtained results showed that the level of VEGF and degree of expression of integrin αvß3 were significantly higher in AML patients than in normal healthy subjects. However, no significant correlation was observed between the levels of VEGF and the degree of expression of integrin αvß3. When clinical findings were concerned, there was a significant positive correlation between VEGF and the percentage of blasts, both in peripheral blood & bone marrow. On the other hand, such correlations were not observed in case of integrin αvß3. In addition no significant correlation was observed between either VEGF or integrin αvß3 and clinical staging, age, and sex. In conclusion, our results proved the importance of VEGF and integrin αvß3 in the pathogenesis of AML. However, the per se increased production or/and secretion of VEGF and integrin αvß3 by leukemic PBMN cells, respectively can not be used as independent predictor (s) for clinical outcome in AML patients. It is more comprehensive to study changes of intracellular signaling pathways when such critically interacting factors are concerned in the leukemic process.
Odour, dust and non-methane volatile organic-compound emissions from tunnel-ventilated layer-chicken sheds: a case study of two farms

An observational study was undertaken to measure odour and dust (PM10 and PM2.5) emission rates and identify non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and odorants in the exhaust air from two tunnel-ventilated layer-chicken sheds that were configured with multi-tiered cages and manure belts. The study sites were located in south-eastern Queensland and the West Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. Samples were collected in summer and winter on sequential days across the manure-belt cleaning cycle. Odour emissions ranged from 58 to 512 ou/s per 1000 birds (0.03-0.27 ou/s.kg) and dust emission rates ranged 0.014-0.184 mg/s per 1000 birds for PM10 and 0.001-0.190 mg/s per 1000 birds for PM2.5. Twenty NMVOCs were identified, including three that were also identified as odorants using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry analysis. Odour emission rates were observed to vary with the amount of manure accumulation on the manure belts, being lowest 2-4 days after removing manure. Odour emission rates were also observed to vary with diurnal and seasonal changes in ventilation rate. Dust emissions were observed to increase with ventilation rate but not with manure accumulation. Some NMVOCs were identified at both farms and in different seasons whereas others were observed only at one farm or in one season, indicating that odorant composition was influenced by farm-specific practices and season.
The Effectiveness of Vocational Education and Training on Sustainable Development with Particular Focus on Magunje Vocational Training Centre, Hurungwe District, Mashonaland West Province

This study sought to determine the impact of Vocational Education and Training on Sustainable Development provided by Magunje Centre. The researchers were drawn to the study, for establishment of such centres by the Government throughout the country has not resulted in noticeable improvement in the livelihoods of the ruralites. The study found that lack of funding for training materials, tools, equipment, and other related needs were the reasons for the failure of the Centre’s training to transform the livelihoods of the ruralites. The study observed that for the Centre to have more impact, it needed to have a clear vision, strategic planning, initiatives, and effective implementation as well as adequate Government funding.
Aberrated dark-field imaging systems

We study generalized dark-field imaging systems. These are a subset of linear shift-invariant optical imaging systems, that exhibit arbitrary aberrations, and for which normally-incident plane-wave input yields zero output. We write down the theory for the forward problem of imaging coherent scalar optical fields using such arbitrarily-aberrated dark-field systems, and give numerical examples. The associated images may be viewed as a form of dark-field Gabor holography, utilizing arbitrary outgoing Green functions as generalized Huygens-type wavelets, and with the Young-type boundary wave forming the holographic reference.
A Lagrangean Relaxation Algorithm for Flow Optimization in Survivable MPLS Networks

The problem that this paper investigates, namely, the working route assignment (WRA) problem, is one that arises naturally from problems of survivable network design that have recently received significant attention in data networking community. We consider an existing MPLS backbone transport network, which is in an operational phase and augmenting its resources is not possible. To address the issue of network survivability we apply restoration, i.e. after a network failure broken connections are dynamically restored. The main goal of our work is twofold. First, we want to develop an effective objective function for optimization of working routes in order to scale network flows and prepare the network for future failures and restoration. Second, we plan to find an efficient method to solve the WRA problem with this new objective function. Therefore, a function called RCL (Residual Capacity and Lost Flow in Link) facilitating the function LFL (Lost Flow in Link) developed previously by the author is formulated. Next, we present an approximation approach, called Lagrangean relaxation with heuristics (LRH) aimed to solve WRA with RCL as objective function. We further draw comparisons between LRH and an existing heuristic based on Flow Deviation algorithm. We also examine the performance of RCL against other functions in the context of network survivability. The results of simulation tests demonstrate that the new algorithm provides sub-optimal results, which are significantly better than other heuristic and the new function RCL can be effectively applied for assignment of working routes in survivable MPLS networks.
Safe and Sound Drive: Design of Interactive Sounds Supporting Energy Efficient Behaviour

The Safe and Sound Drive project concerns the design of an audio-only serious game for cars that will help drivers to increase eco-driving skills and encourage safe and environmentally friendly approaches to driving. The design process has been influenced by industrial design methodology and user-centred agile methods. Game engine technology and audio middleware were used for rapid prototyping. Sounds were made interactive by actively controlling them based on driving behaviour, and were designed to help and encourage a stable and suitable speed. User feedback was collected at an early stage through contextual enquiry sessions during real driving. Later, the system was showcased at two science festivals, where over 400 attendees test drove a game simulator. The agile design process provided continuous feedback to the project team, and guided the design of a version of the game that was evaluated in a simulator experiment. The results from the user studies suggest that opinions about beeps and audio signals vary among subjects whereas music and podcast based contents were generally better received. Alteration of media content by actively adjusting spectral balance or music mix formed working mechanisms for providing cues easily understood by participants. However, only minor effects on energy efficient behaviour were seen, suggesting that visual information dominated the determination of the participants’ behaviour in the experiment.
Data Hopping in Malicious Environment

Deliberate or inadvertent spillage of private information is without a doubt a standout amongst the most serious security dangers that associations face in the computerized period. The risk now stretches out to our own lives: a plenty of individual data is accessible to informal organizations and Smartphone suppliers and is in a roundabout way exchanged to deceitful outsider and fourth gathering applications. In this work, we show a non specific information ancestry structure LIME for information stream over various elements that take two trademark, important parts (i.e., proprietor and buyer). We characterize the definite security ensures required by such an information ancestry instrument toward distinguishing proof of a blameworthy element, and recognize the improving nondisavowal and genuineness suppositions. We then create and examine a novel responsible information exchange convention between two elements inside a pernicious domain by expanding upon unmindful exchange, strong watermarking, and mark primitives. At long last, we perform an exploratory assessment to show the reasonableness of our convention and apply our system to the critical information spillage situations of information outsourcing and interpersonal organizations. As a rule, we consider LIME, our ancestry system for information exchange, to be a key step towards accomplishing responsibility by outline
Pseudosaccades: A simple ensemble scheme for improving classification performance of deep nets

We describe a simple ensemble approach that, unlike conventional ensembles, uses multiple random data sketches (‘pseudosaccades’) rather than multiple classifiers to improve classification performance. Using this simple, but novel, approach we obtain statistically significant improvements in classification performance on AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet-50 and ResNet-152 baselines on Imagenet data – e.g. of the order of 0.3% to 0.6% in Top-1 accuracy and similar improvements in Top-k accuracy – essentially nearly for free.
Export stoichiometry and contribution of copepod faecal pellets to vertical flux of particulate organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus

Sinking of particles is a key mechanism in the transport of organic matter from the ocean's productive surface layer to the deep sea and sediments, but also constitutes a loss of car- bon and growth-limiting nutrients to the pelagic food web. Knowledge on export of particulate phosphorus is limited, particularly in high-latitude regions, in spite of its role as a co-limiting fac- tor in many marine systems. We therefore investigated suspended concentrations and vertical export (by means of sediment traps) of particulate organic carbon (POC), nitrogen (PON) and total particulate phosphorus (TPP) at 3 contrasting sites in the Fram Strait and Barents Sea opening and quantified the contribution of zooplankton faecal pellets to POC, PON and TPP export. The TPP fluxes are the first to be reported from this region and probably the first from the entire Arctic Ocean. The suspended and exported C:N ratios were close to the Redfield ratio and did not differ significantly from each other (mean atomic ratios of 6.1 and 6.3, respectively). The mean C:P of suspended particles (91) was below Redfield, whereas the exported mean (117) exceeded Red- field, indicating more efficient retention of phosphorus than of nitrogen in the water column. Copepod faecal pellets had low C:P ratios and contributed a higher proportion to phosphorus export (mean of 17%) than to carbon and nitrogen export (10%). Faecal pellets may therefore be an important loss factor for phosphorus from the water column compared to slower-sinking material, which is retained more efficiently.
Voluntary Leadership: Selection and Influence

In social dilemmas, leading a team by making heroic efforts may prove costly, especially when the followers are not adequately motivated to make similar sacrifices. Attempting to shed light on what drives people to lead, we devise a two-stage public good experiment with endogenous timing. We show that leading by making generous contributions is widespread and relatively persistent. At least three motives explain this behavior. Some use leadership strategically to distill personal gains, with the expectation that others will respond by being at least as generous. Others are more altruistic, volunteering to lead even though this may come at a personal cost. Yet for another fraction of volunteers, a concern for maintaining a positive social image appears to be responsible. We also find that voluntary leaders are not necessarily more influential than randomly-chosen leaders.