Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Know It When You See It? The Qualities of the Communities People Describe as “Diverse” (or Not)

We explore what people mean by “diversity” when they use the term to describe real communities. “Diversity” can refer to multiple differences—ethnoracial, economic, and so on. It may also refer to multiple dimensions of the same difference, that is, heterogeneity or group representation. Analyzing a survey of Chicago-area residents, we ask: (1) When people describe a community as diverse, on which kinds of differences are they drawing? (2) Within each relevant difference, are evaluations of diversity predicted by heterogeneity, the share of specific groups, or both? Findings suggest that respondents associate diversity primarily with a community’s ethnoracial attributes and secondarily with its economic attributes. Within ethnoracial attributes, both heterogeneity and the share of disadvantaged ethnoracial groups, especially Blacks, predict assessed diversity. Within economic attributes, income inequality predicts assessed diversity, albeit negatively; the representation of poor people does not. Qualitative responses reveal varied understandings of diversity while confirming the dominance of ethnoracial attributes.
VEHICULAR CRASH TESTS OF FOUR BULLNOSE TRAFFIC BARRIER DESIGNS

Four vehicular crash tests conducted on metal beam guardrail envelopes called "bullnose barriers" are reported. Large size passenger cars weighing about 4,900 lbs (2,220 kg) impacted the barriers at speeds of 41 to 64 mph (18 to 29 m/sec). In three tests the vehicle impacted the nose of the barrier head-on, and in the last test it struck the nose in a 10 deg/18 in. off-center attitude. The barriers consisted of two flared sides of W-section guardrail joined at one end by a curved section with about a 5 foot (1.5 m) radius. The barriers were supported by wood posts and anchored with cables at the front and back of each flared side of the barrier. Some designs also included the following features: breakaway cable anchors, different post sizes, torsional post reinforcement, concrete footings, and a secondary cable restraint system. A bullnose design capable of stopping and containing a 60 mph (27 m/sec) head-on impact at low deceleration with no intrusion of barrrier or vehicle components into the passenger compartment and little barrier debris was developed. However, a high speed vehicle impacting off-center at an angle into a similar barrier rode down the front of the barrier without being stopped or contained. Recommendations for further testing and suggested design changes are included to improve the capability of the barrier for off-center angular impacts.
Protic Ionic Liquid-Derived Coordination Polymer Glass for Anhydrous Proton Conductor with Moldability

Herein, we focused on coordination polymer (CP) glass as a hybrid, soft electrolyte to meet these criteria. We applied a protic ionic liquid of which components work also as bridging ligand to construct CP structure with Zn2+ ions. The structural analysis of the CP glass reveals that network formation results in enhancement of the properties of proton conductivity and viscoelasticity. The CP glass features a high anhydrous proton conductivity (σ = 13.3 mS cm−1 at 120 °C) and high transport number of proton (0.94). Fabricated fuel cell with this CP glass membrane exhibits a high open circuit voltage (0.96 V) and a power density (0.15 W cm−2) under dry conditions at 120 °C.
SPEED PREDICTION FOR TWO-LANE RURAL HIGHWAYS

Design consistency refers to the conformance of a highway's geometry to driver expectancy. Drivers make fewer errors in the vicinity of geometric features that conform to their expectations. A technique to evaluate the consistency of a design is to evaluate changes in operating speeds along an alignment. To use operating speed as a consistency tool requires the ability to accurately predict speeds as a function of the roadway geometry. In this research project, several efforts were undertaken to predict operating speed for different conditions such as on horizontal, vertical, and combined curves; on tangent sections using alignment indices; on grades using TWOPAS model; and prior to or after a horizontal curve. The findings from the different efforts were incorporated into a speed-profile model. The model can be used to evaluate the design consistency of the roadway or can be used to develop a speed profile for an alignment. The model considers both horizontal and vertical curvature and the acceleration or deceleration behavior as a vehicle moves from one feature to another.
Salicylic Acid Induced Physiological Responses of Microchaete Sp. NCCU-342 Under PQ Stress

Weeds are the worst category of agricultural pests as they compete with crops for water, nutrients, and light, grow faster than crops and eventually reduces the crop productivity thereby increasing the production cost. Herbicide has been used as a management tool to control weeds, by modifying their physiological activities like reducing photosynthesis, increasing protease activity and free radicals etc. The application of non-selected herbicides kills not only the weeds but also non-target organisms including the main crop. Herbicides like paraquat have been used in rice fields but its toxic effects on other organisms is at par. Salicylic acid, a plant growth regulator, is known to regulate oxidative stress in plants subjected to unfavourable environmental conditions. Given this, the present study was designed to study the effect of salicylic acid in Microchaete sp. NCCU-342 exposed to paraquat. The results obtained demonstrated that the paraquat toxicity elevated MDA and H2O2 levels, indicating free radical formation. However, supplementation of salicylic acid in the culture medium reduced the paraquat toxicity. The content of MDA and H2O2 in presence of salicylic acid was similar to the control. It enhances phenolic compound (29.07%) and phytohormones content (IAA-2.96%, SA-96.59%) and regulate the redox state of the cells. A significant change (recorded in percentage) was observed in the antioxidant enzyme activities including SOD (121.62 %), CAT (30.38 %), APX (74.38 %), GPX (127 %) and GR (141%) in presence of paraquat and after supplementation of salicylic acid. Antioxidant assay confirmed the change in antioxidants in form of phenolic compounds. Salicylic acid supplementation also enhanced the antibacterial activity of cyanobacteria, highlighting that it induces resistance against biotic stress as well as the abiotic stress. This work provides evidence for the ability of salicylic acid to alleviate the paraquat-induced toxicity, maintain redox state and resist the cell against both biotic and abiotic stress.
Improving the Use and Reuse of Email in the Context of an Engineering Company

The use, reuse and manipulation of information has become a key factor in the success of any organisation in an increasingly competitive and global business environment. Ensuring that employees are able to access (or are provided with) the right information in a timely manner is one of the key challenges facing organisations. Amongst the dominant communication methods email fills an important role in facilitating distributed communication and it is seen as a key target for improvement. Email is being used extensively and increasingly as a significant (and often dominant) method for communication within engineering organisations and projects and there exists significant opportunity and requirement to improve the use and reuse of email. This thesis contributes a rich understanding of the practise and perception of email use and reuse developed through a comprehensive review of the literature and three investigative studies: a study of the content of emails exchanged during an engineering project, a survey of practising engineers describing the role of email in supporting communication in projects and engineers perception of email, and a investigation of the information about the relationships between engineers participating in a project as represented by their exchanges of email. The second main contribution is a set of scenarios that were developed to summarise the understanding developed in the investigative studies, and form a core set of contextualised problems that can be used to communicate the research to industry and around which an holistic proposal is described to improve engineers use and reuse of email. The final contribution is an approach for supporting engineers in interpreting emails by the provision of additional contextual information, mitigating a core problem identified during the course of the research for which a well established information management solution does not already exist.
Agent-based simulation of travel demand: Structure and computational performance of MATSim-T

The model toolkit MATSim-T provides a variety of tools and resulting approaches to model travel demand and traffic flow and their interactions. The currently preferred configuration is presented in this paper together with detailed information about its computational performance. The application is small in comparison with the abilities of the system, but as computing times scale approximately linearly for the system it gives an idea of how the system can be used for practical planning studies: a 10% sample of the travellers in the Greater Zurich Area (190’000 agents). The outlook highlights the next steps of the development. Dieser Aufsatz gibt eine knappe Darstellung des Modellsystems MATSim-T und einer Anwendung in Grossraum Zurich. Die Betonung liegt auf den erreichbaren Rechenzeiten und damit auf der Anwendbarkeit fur Planungsstudien. Der Ausblick zeigt auf, in welchen Teilen das Modell weiter verbessert werden kann und soll.
Malicious Traffic Detection System using Publicly Available Blacklist’s

In this fastest growing technology with the increase in internet usage, the communication became much faster and easier which resulted in the massive growth in digitalization. With this the cyber crimes were increasing day-by-day . They employ every possible technique and trick to make the users as zombies for their malicious activities or Crypto mining. In recent years we are facing issues with ransomware’ which result in the loss of data integrity and confidentiality along with our privacy and anonymity. The malware’ can spread all over the network within no time. Using anti virus programs alone for safeguarding our network is a bad practice because they filter the traffic on signature based. Here problem is if the user is not up to date with the definitions from the AV provider, then he will be prone to the attack. In this model a system to track malicious trails in a network is done. This employs online malware detection system (Virus Total) and open source dynamic black lists which contain malware or suspicious programs along with some static pre compiled blacklists from different antivirus providers and our own definitions of block to filter the traffic which gives the detailed log report on the suspicious trails, this is from domain name or IP address or malicious scripts in the webpage.
“You just keep walking into the pen to get your next sheep...” An exploration of sheep shearer’s experiences and responses to heat in the sheep shearing industry.

ii Preface . iii ‘An outsider’s perspective’ . iii List of Figures . iv List of Tables . v Chapter One: Introduction . 1 Chapter Two: Reviewing the Literature . 4 2.0 Aims of the Literature Review . 4 2.1 Method: Search Strategy . 4 2.1. 1 Databases . 4 2.1. 2 Search Strategy . 4 2.1. 3 Review Criteria . 5 2.2 Qualitative Heat Literature . 5 2.2.1 Perceptions and Subjective Experiences of Occupational Heat Stress . 6 2.3 Sheep Shearing Literature . 7 2.4 Thermoregulation . 9 2.4. 1 Physiological . 9 2.4. 2 Behavioural . 10 2.4. 3 Environmental . 10 2.5 Occupational Heat Stress . 10 2.6 Measuring Occupational Heat Exposure . 14 2.7 Consequences of Excessive Occupational Heat Exposure . 16 2.8 Prevention and Management of Occupational Heat Stress . 21 2.9 Summary . 26 Chapter Three: Setting the Scene . 27 3.0 New Zealand Climate . 27 3.1 New Zealand Climate Change . 28 3.2 New Zealand Shearing Industry . 30 3.3 New Zealand Heat Guidelines . 32 3.4 Summary . 33 Chapter Four: Methodology & Methods . 35
Teaching Quality in Higher Education: Agreement Between Teacher Self-reports and Student Evaluations

Teaching quality is a crucial factor within higher education. Research on this topic often requires assessing teaching quality as a global construct through self-reports. However, such instruments are criticized due to the lack of alignment between teacher and student reports of instructional practices. We argue that while teachers might over- or under-estimate specific dimensions of teaching quality, their aggregation in the form of overall teaching quality reflects differences in teaching quality between teachers well. Accordingly, we test a ten-item measure that allows faculty to self-report their overall teaching quality based on the aspects distinguished in the SEEQ (Marsh, 1982, 2007). Using 17,508 student assessments of teaching quality in 889 sessions taught by 97 faculty members, we conducted Doubly Latent Multi Level Modelling while considering bias and unfairness variables to model overall teaching quality assessed by students, and simultaneously corrected for measurement error and potential distortions through the assessment situation. This global factor of teaching quality was strongly associated with teacher self-reported teaching quality (ρ = .74), which we interpret as evidence that global teacher reports of teaching quality can serve as sensible indicators of overall teaching quality for nomothetic research in higher education.
Joint unloading ankle brace to aid cartilage regeneration

Ankle injuries are one of the most common sports injuries that often lead to further complications such as cartilage defects. Recovery from these injuries can take a long time and a solution that could aid in the rehabilitation of these injuries is beneficial to the young and active patient group. The goal of this study is to design a device that can unload the patient’s ankle to such an extent that recovery is promoted. Using human motion analysis and a mathematical descriptive model, an unloading mechanism is designed that modifies the forces on the ankle joint. The resulting device consists of an attachment to the lower leg onto which a mechanism is attached that transfers a part of the load of the foot to the lower leg. The device is tested using a force plate set-up. The results are that the device can provide an unloading force throughout the stance phase of gait, reducing the maximum load on the ankle from 1.2 BW to 0.94 ± 0.04 BW. The proposed design is a wearable device that could be used during the rehabilitation of a patient’s ankle. The manner in which this device should be attached to the user’s leg needs further research; when these limitations are solved further testing can be initiated.
Design, validation, and reliability
of an observational notational instrument for the
football goalkeeper’s defensive and offensive technical-tactical actions

The aim of this study was to design and validate an observational instrument used to analyse the in-game behaviour of the football goalkeeper (GK) in defence and attack. The validation and reliability testing processes were carried out by twelve experts through five steps. Contents validity was calculated using Aiken’s V and the kappa index was used to analyse reliability. The observational tool was divided into three different content blocks: GK’s offensive actions, GK’s defensive actions, and opponent’s actions taken before a GK’s defensive action. Only three out of the total of 24 items achieved low values that, after modifications, recorded optimal values (values higher than .90) in accordance with the Aiken’s V. Following step one, new proposals were evaluated after a pilot test. The reliability test scored optimal values (values higher than .85). An observational sheet was developed to manage the quantitative and qualitative assessments of experts, and the proposed tool was accepted as valid and reliable.
Single-Trial Detection of Cognitive Processes for Increasing Traffic Safety

To increase driver's interaction with vehicles, research interest is growing to develop new approaches that allow for detecting the driver's intention. The extraction of features from electroencephalograph (EEG) data enables the establishment of a new communication channel by the use of brain signals as additional interaction channel. So far, the applicability of EEG data in the context of driving is strongly limited by the robustness and ambiguity of the chosen features. The major goal of the presented approach is the robust discrimination of EEG patterns preceding intended actions of the driver for predicting upcoming manoeuvres. A pilot study on a test track containing elements of driver safety trainings was carried out. While driving, the manoeuvres, the brain activity (64/32 EEG channels) and data from the car controller area network (CAN) was recorded. The bottom layer of a classification model for upcoming driver's movements was developed by classifying left against right foot movement as well as left and right obstacle avoidance manoeuvres as sub-classes of the classes hand and feet movements. Two ways in which features extracted from EEG can be used are presented: (1) by exploiting event-related potentials of independent components for identifying sources of consolidated neural activity, and (2) to establish the fundamentals of an approach for an EEG-based rapid-response system that can predict the upcoming action of the driver. The latter was done by an offline classification of variances in certain frequency bands of the EEG. Feature validation was implemented by spatial and functional filtering driven by independent components of the corresponding EEG datasets. The full text of this paper may be found at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa. dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv21/09-0340.pdf For the covering abstract see ITRD E145407.
English only or more?: Language ideologies of international students in an EMI university in multilingual Hong Kong

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the language ideologies held by a group of international students in an English medium instruction (EMI) university in multilingual Hong Kong. The findings indicate that the participants’ beliefs about English extend beyond its role as an instructional medium and encompass its use as a lingua franca and as a means of social inclusion. It is also found that the participants hold complex yet sometimes contradictory ideologies about the kinds of English to be used and/or accepted and about the monolingual and multilingual uses of English in the EMI university context. Taken together, the study suggests that the participants’ ideologies with respect to the roles of English and the norms of English use in the EMI university context are much more complex than what language policy from above suggests. The findings also reveal the ideological tensions over the norms of English use in the EMI university context and the closely intertwined relationship between the participants’ language ideologies and the maintenance of their interests, especially in relation to access to learning opportunities in the classroom. The study calls for attention to broader issues pertaining to social inclusion/exclusion, linguistic advantage/disadvantage and educational equality/inequality in the multilingual EMI university context.
Fast Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Tomography Based on Multi-Element Phase-Controlled Focus Technique

我们开发一个快导致微波的 thermoacoustic 断层摄影术系统基于一，320元素阶段反对拖钓集中线性变换器数组 A 1.2-GHz 微波生成器与 0.5As 和 0.45 mJ/cm ( 2 )的事件精力密度的脉搏宽度播送微波，并且微波精力被矩形的波导与生气的节交付( 80.01 +/-0.02 ) X 10 (-4) m ( 2 )。 比较了挑选变换器收集，有 multi-elementlinear 变换器数组的系统能消除变换器的机械旋转，能有效地因此减少变模糊的图象并且改进图象分辨率。 用收集 thermoacoustic 的拖钓的焦点技术表明的阶段反对，因为 highsignal-to-noise 比率，数据不必被平均，导致不到 5s 的一全部的数据获得时间。 系统因此提供一条快速、可靠的途径给 thermoacoustic 成像，它能潜在地为早阶段的胸罐头 ers 作为一个强大的诊断工具被开发。
Wheeling using evolutionary programming based optimal power flow algorithm

Wheeling contracts are among the most important supply-options available to utility for generating least cost energy plans. Optimal power flows may be used to determine short term marginal cost and the best control settings to accommodate wheeling options so as to maintain system security while minimizing production cost. Classical optimal power flow algorithms suffer with different class of curves used to describe nonutility generator performance and very sensitive to starting points. Hence the proposed model handle wheeling contracts using an evolutionary programming based optimal power flow algorithm and makes the model partially free from the above said difficulties. Classical methods rely on convexity to obtain the global optimum solution. But unfortunately wheeling based on classical optimal power flow is, in general, nonconvex and, as a result, many local minima may exist. This nonconvexity once again increases for different types of generator options. In this paper, an attempt has been made to verify the validity of the proposed model using the IEEE 30 bus test system with and without modification. The results obtained are also compared with the classical techniques and it was found that the solutions obtained are quite encouraging.
Visualising Close Call in railways: a step towards Big Data Risk Analysis

In the Big Data era new data sources are available to get insight from human factors in railways. Close Call System (CSS) is one of the data sources which are being researched in the Big Data Risk Analysis (BDRA) project to extract valuable information for risk management. One of the key challenges of BDRA is the visualisation of a large amount of information into a simple and effective display to risk analysis and making-decisions. In this paper we present the research in converting the free text from Close Call data into a spatial representation of networks of words and perform the text visual analysis in order to identify risk categories. For a small number of Close Call records related to level crossings, trespasses and slips, falls and trips, it was possible to identify the different scenarios. Moreover, the results provide an understanding of how Close Call events are described and how it might influence safety on the railways.
Proteomic Comparison of Aged and OPTN E50K Retina in The Development of Normal Tension Glaucoma

Background: Progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a major characteristic of glaucoma, whose underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. An E50K mutation in the Optineurin (OPTN) gene is a leading cause of normal tension glaucoma (NTG), directly affecting RGCs without high intraocular pressure and causing severe glaucomatous symptoms in clinical settings. A systematic analysis of the NTG mouse model is crucial for better understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms for glaucoma.Methods: To elucidate proteomic and biochemical pathway alterations during NTG development, we established an OPTN E50K mutant mouse model through CRISPR/Cas9. Retinal proteins from resulting mice exhibiting glaucomatous phenotypes were subject to tandem mass tag-labelled quantitative proteomics. Retinal proteomes were analyzed through bioinformatics methods to characterize the molecular and functional signatures of NTG. Results: We identified 6364 quantitative proteins in our proteomic analysis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that OPTN E50K mice experienced protein synthesis dysregulation, age-dependent energy defects and autophagy-lysosome pathway dysfunction. Certain biological features, including amyloid deposition, RNA splicing, microglia activation and reduction of crystallin production, were similar to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Conclusions: Our study is the first to describe proteomic and biochemical pathway alterations in NTG pathogenesis during disease advancement. Several proteomic signatures overlapped with retinal changes found in the AD mice model, suggesting the presence of common mechanisms between age-related degenerative disorders, as well as prospective new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.