Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forming Professional Mobility in Future Agricultural Specialists: the Sociohistorical Context

The current research implies that the process of forming professional mobility in future agricultural specialists can be effective due to students’ awareness of the sociohistorical characteristics of developing agriculture in Ukraine, starting from the primitive times up till now; understanding of the connection between the manifestation of professional mobility and self-realization of specialists; provision of pedagogical support to sustain continuing education and professional self-improvement of future specialists. The research aims to theoretically justify the sociohistorical background of forming professional mobility in future agricultural specialists. Research methods include interrelated theoretical methods such as retrospective analysis, comparison and synthesis of scientific sources on the problem under study. The study concludes that it is necessary to provide theoretical, methodical and methodological support for the process of forming professional mobility in future agricultural specialists, developing the technologies for forming professional mobility with an emphasis on those qualities that were highlighted when analyzing the sociohistorical characteristics of agriculture development.
Oriented proton-conductive nano-sponge-facilitated polymer electrolyte membranes

Achieving high power output from proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) requires efficient proton transport in proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Since proton conductivity is closely related to membrane moisture content, operation at low relative humidity (RH) and elevated temperature has become a critical bottleneck for the practical application of PEMFCs due to severe PEM dehydration. While several strategies have sought to mitigate this, including external thermal and water management, coating of nano-cracked hydrophobic layers and optimization of membrane intrinsic water retention, only partial improvements have been realized. Here, using a membrane formulation of ferrocyano-coordinated poly(4-vinylpyridine) (CP4VP), phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and polysulfone (PSf), novel highly water-retentive PEMs are fabricated via a strong magnetic field. During magnetic-assisted membrane casting, CP4VP and PWA form a microporous Prussian blue analogue (PBA) framework with the new type of Fe–CN–W bonding, which is paramagnetic and is thus simultaneously aligned in the through-plane (TP) direction of the membrane. The neutral PSf membrane component affords mechanical strength to the embedded TP-aligned conducting channels. This new type of microporous PBA framework is highly hydrophilic and proton conductive, with micropores of ∼5.4 A diameter, which act as nano-sponges to absorb only more retentive non-freezable water, effective for proton conduction. These nano-sponges display efficient water absorption and retention at low RH and elevated temperatures, together with a much faster hydration process than the dehydration process. Furthermore, the TP-aligned PBA channels also enable faster water transport to promote PEM proton conduction beyond any previously reported water-retentive membrane. Consequently, the novel nano-sponge-like PEMs exhibit remarkable performance in both ex situ and in situ evaluations, especially at low RH and elevated temperature, largely prevailing over the commercial benchmark Nafion® 212.
Ihnissi, Ragab and Lu, Joan An Investigation into Game Based Learning Using High Level Programming Languages Original Citation Ihnissi, Ragab and Lu, Joan (2015) An Investigation into Game Based Learning Using High Level

Game-related education within mobile learning spheres is a matter of great debate for university students across the globe. It is the case that programming languages often pose a sizeable challenge for university students. This research paper aims to develop a game based learning platform “iPlayCode”, designed to offer a new and exciting method of learning programming language. Xcode 5.0. 2 was used to develop the game by using the cocos2d-x development tool and the Adobe Photoshop graphic design tool. In addition, iOS 7.0. 3 (11B508) Simulator was used to test the application and the application was deployed in different models of mobile devices such as the iPhone and iPad. The application outcomes are presented by a mobile game that teaches programming languages in an easy, attractive and effective way. Keywords-User interface; application; m-learning; mobile game based learning.
A CASE OF CYSTIC PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA WITH HYPERTENSION AND HEADACHES MIMICKING A LARGE PANCREATIC CYSTIC TUMOR

ABSTRACT Objective: Cystic pheochromocytomas can become enlarged without abdominal symptoms and can potentially be confused with other abdominal cystic tumors. Methods: We report here a case of a 45-mm cystic pheochromocytoma that was initially considered a pancreatic cystic tumor. The patient had a 4-year history of treatment for hypertension and occasional headaches. Left cystic pheochromocytoma was diagnosed based on excessive catecholamine levels, 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphy. Results: Left adrenalectomy ameliorated the patient's hypertension and headache. Pathologic findings showed an enlarged cyst with an irregular, thick wall adherent to the normal adrenal tissues. Conclusion: A large cystic pheochromocytoma can be misdiagnosed as a large pancreatic cystic tumor. CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are less important in excluding the possibility of pheochromocytoma than b.
Security-aware fair transmission scheme for 802.11 based cognitive IoT

Cognitive IoT is exponentially increased because of various real time and robust applications with sensor networks and big data analysis. Each IoT protocol of network layer can be RPL, COAP and so on based on IETF standards. But still collision problems and security-aware fair transmission on top of scalable IoT devices were not solved enough. In the open wireless LAN system based cognitive IoTs, IoT node that is continuously being stripped of its transmission opportunity will continue to accumulate packets to be sent in the butter and spoofing attacks will not allow the data transfer opportunities to be fair. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to reduce the average wait time of all packets in the system by dynamically controlling the contention window (CW) in a wireless LAN based cognitive IoT environment where there are nodes that do not have fair transmission opportunities due to spoofing attacks. Through the performance evaluation, we have proved that the proposed technique improves up to 80% in terms of various performance evaluation than the basic WLAN 802.11 based IoT.
Teaching modules for estimating climate change impacts in economics courses using computational guided inquiry

Abstract The authors of this article introduce two teaching modules that aim to increase climate literacy and active learning in undergraduate economics courses through the incorporation of real-world data and modeling. These modules are based on the concept of computational guided inquiry (CGI), which combines a guided inquiry approach within a computational framework, such as Excel. In one module, students estimate and graph expected marginal damages due to regional sea level rise for various polar ice melt scenarios. In the second module, students partially replicate a journal article estimating the total economic value of ecosystem services in the Arctic. These modules have been used in urban, environmental, and climate change economics courses, and are ready to be implemented with minimal upfront cost to instructors.
Financial Management Information System within Government Institution and Supply Chain Strategy: Implementation Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

The provision of comprehensive financial information by the government institution is needed by the wider community to boost the effectiveness of the information to the society and government, and decision-making. This system produces information that is able to encourage the realization of a clean, transparent, and able government to respond to changing demands effectively. Therefore, the success of the information system if the users are successful in the model of acceptance of the systems and information technology and it would be improving their performance. This research aims to examine the acceptance of regional financial information systems in government using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and evidence of its influence on the performance. The study found 556 respondents who are civil servants in Lampung Province. The finding using SEM analysis shows that all constructs have an effect in conformity with the concept of TAM in a government institution. This study reveals that all variables which include the model of TAM theory have a positive impact on the user's performance. It also improves the effectiveness of the information system within the government institution, especially the implementation of the financial management information system.
Being a teacher with a so-called ‘immigrant background’: challenges of dealing with social boundaries

ABSTRACT There have been calls in many European countries to diversify the teaching staff as a response to increasing diversity within student populations. These calls are often based on underlying assumptions that teachers with a migration history are well placed to act as ‘intercultural mediators’ and ‘role models’ for successful integration. However, these assumptions often lack differentiation. The presented study addresses this lack of differentiation for the case of the German-speaking part of Switzerland. Based on social constructivist theory (Barth; Wimmer) and pursuing a qualitative-hermeneutical approach (Schütze; Rosenthal), the study shows four ideal types of dealing with social boundary dynamics among teachers who have been categorised or labelled in terms of a ‘second immigrant generation’. Additionally, the study provides insight that (a) the category of ‘labour migration’ is experienced as a particularly significant category of boundary making and (b) that schools in urban-immigrant neighbourhoods – in contrast to those in rural-non-immigrant neighbourhoods – are experienced as places with an increased chance of recognition for a teacher ‘with an immigrant background’, although even there, these teachers find themselves in constant engagement to defend their belonging and to justify their sensitivity in dealing with migration-related diversity.
Cyber Vulnerabilities in Smart Grid and Safety Measures for Energy Meters in Advanced Metering System and Smart Meter Communications

A smart grid (SG) utilizes many electronic devices that can communicate within the system and remain internally connected through implementing advanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This paper analyzes the complete structure of a smart grid system, implementation of technologies such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and smart metering, as well as identifies the potential cyberthreats. As the connected devices have significant limitations in terms of resource and computational processing power, it calls for developing a lightweight safety measures for those devices which would require low processing power and can operate instantaneously without outside intervention. Based on such requirement, this paper has proposed a lightweight and easily implementable safety measure for Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) using ChaCha20 encryption model. It also uses chaos based key generation as well as public key-based authentication techniques. Besides, to ensure security of the network communication, a solution has been proposed using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) in combination with Salsa20 stream cipher algorithm. Comprehensive mathematical simulations have been conducted for both methodologies to examine their effectiveness in the real world, and to analyze whether they are efficient in terms of time and processing power. It has been found out that Salsa20 is more energy-efficient encryption tool, which is also faster, making it the perfect choice for smart metering devices.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics and genesis of Hongshuilantang Hot Spring and its water temperature anomalies during the Rushan earthquake swarm in Eastern China

Water temperatures of hot springs close to tectonic fault zones often show some variations before earthquakes, and analyses of earthquake precursors in hot springs have significant referential meaning for earthquake monitoring and forecasting. This study measured the concentration of major ions in water from the Hongshuilantang Hot Spring in 2017 and 2020. The ion composition was classified by hydrochemistry into the HCO3·SO4-Na chemical type. The composition of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the Hongshuilantang Hot Spring were located near the global meteoric water line (GMWL), indicating that the recharge source of the hot spring was meteoric water. The δD and δ18O values were not plotted on the Glogal Meteroric Water Line (GMWL), and there were some deviations, which suggested that hot spring water underwent water–rock interactions. Deep circulation water played an important role during the evolution process of thermal water. Water temperature showed a decreasing trend from October 2013 to June 2015 during the Rushan earthquake swarm in eastern China. Because of the occurrence of the earthquake swarm, we inferred that regional stress in this area began to be released, allowing continuous rebalancing. Free surface water appeared in some aquifers, and the seepage of low-temperature underground water into the upper aquifer led to a drop in water temperature in the hot spring. The Hongshuilantang Hot Spring and the epicenter of the Rushan earthquake swarm were located on the Muping–Jimo seismological fault zone, with the same seismotectonic system and some genesis relationships.
Why Are We Using Black Box Models in AI When We Don’t Need To? A Lesson From An Explainable AI Competition

In 2018, a landmark challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) took place, namely, the Explainable Machine Learning Challenge. The goal of the competition was to create a complicated black box model for the dataset and explain how it worked. One team did not follow the rules. Instead of sending in a black box, they created a model that was fully interpretable. This leads to the question of whether the real world of machine learning is similar to the Explainable Machine Learning Challenge, where black box models are used even when they are not needed. We discuss this team’s thought processes during the competition and their implications, which reach far beyond the competition itself.Keywords: interpretability, explainability, machine learning, finance
Skeletal Evidence for Otitis Media in Mediaeval and Post‐Mediaeval Children from Poland, Central Europe

In palaeopathological research, otitis media (OM) is a rarely reported disease, although it is one of the most common diseases of childhood, with potentially severe consequences resulting in physical and social impairment, or even death. The episodes of OM are often preceded by upper respiratory tract infections, though the aetiology of OM is multifactorial, with significant role of environmental factors. In archaeological skeletons, middle ear inflammation is identified as erosive lesions and new bone formation of auditory ossicles. The aim of this study was to examine the skeletal signs of OM in children from a mediaeval early urban site (Cedynia) and a post-mediaeval rural site (Slaboszewo) located on the territory of Poland. Among the entire sample (N = 435), ear bones were present in 99 skeletons. The total of 168 ossicles were examined. The general frequency of individuals with eroded ossicles was 47.5% (53.4% in Cedynia and 39.0% in Slaboszewo). In the total sample, 33.9% of ear bones showed pathological changes, with the incudes being most frequently affected. The frequency of altered ossicles was significantly higher in the early urban site than in the rural settlement (42.2% vs 25.9%, respectively; Fisher exact test, p = 0.0339). The children aged 0–3 years old tend to have a higher frequency of altered ear bones than the children aged 4–11 years old. The majority of the mastoid processes of the subadults with ear bone erosion show abnormal pneumatisation pattern. The results indicate that the environmental and socio-cultural conditions in the stronghold likely made their inhabitants more prone to upper respiratory tract infections than the inhabitants of the village. A variety of factors may be responsible for this pattern, such as exposure to dust, environmental pollution, indoor pollution, wood smoke, occupation, population density, sanitation and quality of housing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excess Nitrate Export in Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining Watersheds

Throughout the Central Appalachian ecoregion, mountaintop removal coal mining (MTM) is the predominant form of land use change. The streams draining MTM impacted watersheds have been reported to contain high stream nitrate (NO3−) concentrations, yet the source and persistence of elevated NO3− remains unknown. Here we compiled data from multiple sources to conduct a regional evaluation of the impact of mining on stream NO3−, examine NO3− persistence after mining cessation, and identify potential N sources. Using water quality data from six large watersheds, we observe elevated NO3− in watersheds with the highest active mining density. At four small MTM watersheds with repeat sampling, we found that high levels of NO3− concentrations declined after mining cessation but remain elevated above reference after several decades. At MTM watersheds, we found annual mass flux of NO3− was 3.68 to 26.4 kg N ha−1 year−1, which is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than a nearby forested reference watershed. Stream water NO3− isotopic ratios at these sites did not match previously suggested NO3− sources such as explosives used during mining and fertilizer applied during reclamation but were highly enriched in both δ15N and δ18O compared to the reference watershed suggesting high rates of NO3− retention. Explosive residue could account for the bulk of watershed NO3− export during active mining phases but other mining related N sources including fertilizer and rock‐derived N, the construction of valley fills, and alterations in watershed NO3‐ cycling likely contribute to the persistence of elevated NO3− export observed in this study.
Weather and predation pressure: the case of the Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio)

Breeding success in birds is closely dependent on predation: although this behaviour can be modified by the weather, its mechanisms are not well understood. Analysis of the breeding success of Red-backed Shrikes (Lanius collurio) in eastern Poland, which has a temperate transitional climate, showed that predation did indeed increase significantly during periods of prolonged rainfall, but that air temperature and wind speed did not affect predation significantly. As insects become less active during rainy weather, predators like Magpies (Pica pica) and Jays (Garrulus glandarius), which frequently consume such prey, then have to switch to birds’ eggs and nestlings as sources of food. In recent years, less rain has been falling in this part of Poland in the summer, so one can anticipate a higher level of breeding success in the red-backed shrike, on condition that the numbers of potential predators do not increase equally quickly.
Exploring Topography‐Based Methods for Downscaling Subgrid Precipitation for Use in Earth System Models

Topography exerts major control on land surface processes. To improve representation of topographic impacts on land surface processes, a new topography‐based subgrid structure has been introduced to the Energy Exascale Earth System Model to represent the subgrid heterogeneity of surface elevation. To take advantage of the new subgrid structure for improving land surface modeling, this study explores four topography‐based methods for downscaling grid precipitation to the subgrids. In the first three methods, the deviation of the subgrid precipitation from the grid mean is equal to the grid precipitation multiplied by the ratio of the elevation difference between the subgrid and grid mean to a specified elevation, which is equal to grid elevation, difference between the maximum and minimum subgrid elevation, and maximum subgrid elevation, respectively. The second method limits the ratio to 0.5 to avoid extreme values in mountains, and the third method utilizes the subgrid hypsometric elevation. The fourth method is similar to the third method except that a height rise determined based on an ambient flow regime with the Froude number equals to 1 is used to limit the numerator. The downscaled precipitation is evaluated using the Precipitation‐elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model precipitation data over the United States and statistical metrics. Results show that by utilizing the subgrid hypsometric elevation, the third and fourth methods show clear advantages over the first and second methods. Furthermore, introducing the height rise in the fourth method improves downscaling skill slightly compared to the third method consistently across multiple grid sizes in areas with larger subgrid heterogeneity.
Reparameterized Variational Divergence Minimization for Stable Imitation

While recent state-of-the-art results for adversarial imitation-learning algorithms are encouraging, recent works exploring the imitation learning from observation (ILO) setting, where trajectories \textit{only} contain expert observations, have not been met with the same success. Inspired by recent investigations of $f$-divergence manipulation for the standard imitation learning setting(Ke et al., 2019; Ghasemipour et al., 2019), we here examine the extent to which variations in the choice of probabilistic divergence may yield more performant ILO algorithms. We unfortunately find that $f$-divergence minimization through reinforcement learning is susceptible to numerical instabilities. We contribute a reparameterization trick for adversarial imitation learning to alleviate the optimization challenges of the promising $f$-divergence minimization framework. Empirically, we demonstrate that our design choices allow for ILO algorithms that outperform baseline approaches and more closely match expert performance in low-dimensional continuous-control tasks.
Virtual Elimination of Iodine-Deficiency Disorders Achieved in Nine Counties of Jiangsu Province, China

To assess the iodine-deficiency disorder status in nine counties of Jiangsu Province, China, where salt iodization was initiated in 1985, a special verification survey was conducted in 1997 by a provincial multisectoral team. Results obtained by regular monitoring of counties indicated that the goitre rate in schoolchildren had progressively decreased from 41.9% in 1983 to 3.9% in 1997, while the median urinary iodine concentrations of the population had remained above 100 μg/L since 1985. More than 90% of the edible salt supplied to households had been iodized at ≥ 20 mg I/kg during the previous five years. the data obtained by provincial verification confirmed the county findings of ≥ 90% adequate iodized salt in households, < 5% goitre rate in schoolchildren, and adequate urinary iodine excretions. the provincial team also considered the established mechanisms for salt iodization and supply and iodine information management potentially sustainable. the high variability of the iodine content of household salt indicates that improved quality assurance of iodized salt at production and continued monitoring of population iodine indicators are needed.