Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficiency of ammonium sulfate alone and ammonium sulfate-octanoic acid combined methods in the purification potential of antibodies

Comparative efficiency ammonium alone and acid combined methods the Abstract The use of antibodies in the biopharmaceuticals has been increased from therapeutic to prevention through vaccination. However, the purification processes adopted by the industries make them expensive to use. Ammonium sulfate precipitation is an old and easy way to purify the antibodies from the serum and egg yolks. The purity is somewhat compromised with ammonium sulfate precipitation, therefore, a combination of chromatographic techniques is adopted. Presently, ammonium sulfate alone and in a combination with Octanoic acid was used for the purification of antibodies from caprine serum and the egg yolk. The results of purified antibodies in terms of their yield and purity were compared through statistical analysis. The overall study results indicated a better yield and purity of antibodies from the caprine serum through a combined treatment of ammonium sulfate with Octanoic acid, whereas, ammonium sulfate alone gave a better yield but less pure antibodies from the egg yolk. Ammonium sulfate-Octanoic acid combined precipitation of caprine serum yielded 6.67 mg/mL while sole ammonium sulfate yielded 4.49 mg/mL purified antibodies. In case of IgY Ammonium sulfate-Octanoic acid combined precipitation of yielded only 8.90 mg/mL while sole ammonium sulfate yielded 13.80 mg/mL purified antibodies. A combination of ammonium sulfate and Octanoic acid is a good choice for high yield and purity of antibodies from serum. The purity of antibodies from the egg yolk was enhanced through ammonium sulfate in combination with Octanoic acid but the overall yield was poor.
Constitutive IRE1α signaling maintains glioblastoma cell differentiation

Cancer cell reprogramming contributes to antineoplastic treatment resistance and disease recurrence through cancer stem cell re-emergence. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal, primary, central nervous system tumor, in which reprogramming compounds prognostic severity. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor IRE1alpha (referred to as IRE1 hereafter) is a major regulator of GBM development and is identified as an appealing therapeutic target. To validate IRE1 suitability as an antineoplastic pharmacological target, we tested its involvement in GBM reprogramming. Human tumors’ transcriptomic analyses showed that high IRE1 activity correlates with the down-regulation of the main stemness markers and transcription factors (TFs) SOX2, SALL2, POU3F2 and OLIG2. Hence, we pharmacologically and genetically recapitulated this phenomenon in immortalized and primary GBM cell lines. We also reported on a specific miRNA that acts through the IRE1-XBP1 signaling axis to produce these effects. Our results highlight a novel role of IRE1 as a negative regulator of GBM cell reprogramming and highlights opportunities of informed IRE1 modulation utility in GBM therapy. Statement of significance Through a comprehensive bioinformatic, genetic and pharmacological study, we provide a detailed understanding of the role of IRE1 in GBM reprogramming uncovering a novel XBP1s dependent mechanism of differentiated GBM cell phenotype maintenance thus further documenting the pharmacological potential of targeting IRE1 in GBM.
Connectivity Gradient in the Human Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus: Intraoperative Cortico-Cortical Evoked Potential Study

In the dual-stream model of language processing, the exact connectivity of the ventral stream to the anterior temporal lobe remains elusive. To investigate the connectivity among the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the lateral part of the temporal and parietal lobes, we integrated spatiotemporal profiles of cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) recorded intraoperatively from 14 patients who had had resective surgeries for brain tumor or epileptic focus. The 4D visualization of the combined CCEP data showed that the pars opercularis (Broca’s area) connected to the posterior temporal cortices and the supramarginal gyrus, while the pars orbitalis connected to the anterior lateral temporal cortices and the angular gyrus. Quantitative topographical analysis of CCEP connectivity confirmed an anterior-posterior gradient of connectivity from IFG stimulus sites to the temporal response sites. Reciprocality analysis indicated that the anterior part of the IFG is bi-directionally connected to the temporal or parietal area. The present study revealed that each IFG subdivision has a different connectivity to the temporal lobe with an anterior-posterior gradient and supports the classical connectivity concept of Dejerine that the frontal lobe is connected to the temporal lobe through the arcuate fasciculus and also a double-fan-shaped structure, anchored at the limen insulae.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Grey Treepie, Dendrocitta formosae (Aves: Corvidae)

Abstract We report the complete mitochondrial genome of Dendrocitta formosae. The genome is a closed circular molecule of 16,875 bp, with all genes exhibiting typical avian gene arrangement. The overall base composition of this species’ mitogenome is 24.33% T, 30.49% C, 30.17% A, and 15.01% G. The A + T content is 54.50%. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitogenome of 12 species conducted using the neighbour-joining method and kimura 2-parameter model suggested that the mitogenome of D. formosae was the closest to that of Pyrrhocorax graculus and P. pyrrhocorax. The results could aid future studies on Dendrocitta and Pyrrhocorax molecular evolution and phylogeny.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the sand-hopper Trinorchestia longiramus (Amphipoda: Talitridae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of sand-hopper Trinorchestia longiramus was analyzed in this study, which is the first for the genus within the family Talitridae. The mitogenome sequence is 15,401 bp in length containing two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and a control region as found in most amphipods. The gene order showed that T. longiramus has a unique control region location compared to other amphipods. Phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method positioned T. longiramus within the monophyletic clades of the family Talitridae.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Pelodiscus axenaria (Testudines: Trionychidae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Pelodiscus axenaria was determined by shotgun sequencing. The total length of mitogenome is 16,593 bp, and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosome RNA genes, and 1 control region. Most of the genes of P. axenaria were distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and eight tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand. The phylogenetic tree of P. axenaria and 11 other closely related species was reconstructed. The phylogenetic analyses based on these mitogenomes presented here will be useful for further insights on the evolutionary relationships of Trionychidae.
Memory and memory module including the same

A memory unit including a first data transferring/receiving unit suitable for transferring/receiving data through a first data bus for communication with a host, a second data transferring/receiving unit suitable for transferring/receiving data through a second data bus for a data backup, and a control unit suitable for controlling the first data transferring/receiving unit and the second data transferring/receiving unit to be activated or inactivated according to whether a power failure occurs in the host.
Regional heterogeneity of developing GABAergic interneuron excitation in vivo

GABAergic interneurons are proposed to be critical for early activity and synapse formation by directly exciting, rather than inhibiting, neurons in developing hippocampus and neocortex. However, the role of GABAergic neurons in the generation of neonatal network activity has not been tested in vivo, and recent studies have challenged the excitatory nature of early GABA. By locally manipulating interneuron activity in unanesthetized neonatal mice, we show that GABAergic neurons are indeed excitatory in hippocampus at postnatal-day 3 (P3), and responsible for most of the spontaneous firing of pyramidal cells at that age. Hippocampal interneurons become inhibitory by P7, whereas cortical interneurons are inhibitory at P3 and remain so throughout development. This regional and age heterogeneity is the result of a change in chloride reversal potential as activation of light-gated anion channels expressed in glutamatergic neurons causes firing in hippocampus at P3, but silences it at P7. This study in the intact brain reveals a critical role for GABAergic interneuron excitation in neonatal hippocampus, and a surprising heterogeneity of interneuron function in cortical circuits that was not predicted from in vitro studies.
The complete chloroplast genome of Pinus yunnanensis Franchet (Pinaceae)

Abstract Pinus yunnanensis is distributed in Southwestern China which is one of the main forest tree species. It is used for construction, railway sleepers, boards, furniture, and wood pulp. Due to the genetic infiltration hybridization between P. yunnanensis with P. densata and P. kesiya, the classification boundary between these groups is blurred and the identification is difficult. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of P. yunnanensis was determined using next-generation sequencing. The entire cp genome was determined to be 119,707 bp in length. It contained large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions of 65,619 and 53,098 bp, respectively, which were separated by a pair of 495bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome contained 116 genes, including 76 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 38.5%. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed by 23 chloroplast genomes reveals that P. yunnanensis is most related with P. kesiya.
The complete chloroplast genome of Gentaina urnula (Gentianaceae)

Abstract Gentiana urnula, is an alpine medicinal endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the complete chloroplast DNA sequence of G. urnula was assembled，and its genome is 149,064 bp in length, including a large single-copy region (LSC) of 81,158 bp and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 17,034 bp, which was separated by a pair of 25,436 bp inverted repeat regions (IRs). A total of 130 genes are detected, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 7 rRNA genes. The complete chloroplast genomes of G. urnula will help to study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Gentianales.
Comparative morphometry as a diagnostic tool applied to species delimitation in the genusGastridiumP. Beauv. (Poaceae)

Based on critical examination of both fresh and dried specimens and a morphometric analysis of herbarium specimens we performed a comparative study of the three closely related Gastridium (Poaceae, Tribe: Poeae, Subtribe: Agrostidinae) species G. ventricosum, G. phleoides and G. scabrum collected in Italy. The study aimed to provide new diagnostic tools to improve the taxonomy of the genus and confirm species delimitation. Variation in floral morphology in the three species was explored using seven quantitative and ten qualitative characters measured on 318 spikelets, both awned and unawned. Statistical methods, including principal components analysis (PCA) and non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), were used. Numerical analyses showed a general distinctness of spikelets and florets, consistent with the three studied species, and revealed among and within species variation patterns in both spikelet types. Accordingly, the most informative quantitative characters appeared to be the width and length of glumes and the length of awns, useful to distinguish G. phleoides which has the narrowest glumes and longer awns than the other species, while G. scabrum has the widest glumes. The most informative qualitative characters appeared to be the presence/absence of thick hairs or minute tubercles on the upper side of the lemma. The autonomy of the three studied species was confirmed. The taxonomic significance of the results is briefly discussed, and notes on the species distribution are included. Some nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on G. scabrum, of which literature still showed evidence of a general unawareness, are provided.
DNA sequencing and anatomy demonstrate that Pacific Codium simulans is a genetically variable species found in the floras of Bermuda and Florida

When DNA sequences from Bermuda plants described as Codium isthmocladum ssp. clavatum and a recent collection from Florida originally thought to be C. decorticatum were analyzed, they were found to be a genetic match to the Pacific Mexican species C. simulans. Historical voucher collections assigned to C. isthmocladum ssp. clavatum show that this Pacific lineage has been present in Bermuda (Atlantic) waters for over a century, thus precluding a very recent introduction from the Pacific. We hypothesize that C. simulans may have hitched a ride on the ballast rocks of early commercial ships plying their trade between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
A Mass Stranding Event of Long-Finned Pilot Whales (Globicephala melas) in Southern Chile

Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad & Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 252, Santiago, Chile E-mail: maalry@gmail.com Asociación de Médicos Veterinarios de Fauna Silvestre, AMEVEFAS, Santiago, Chile epi3lab, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile Centro Bahía Lomas, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Costanera 01834, Punta Arenas, Chile Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay, Chile Wildlife Conservation Society, Programa en Chile (WCS-Chile), Balmaceda 586, Punta Arenas, Chile Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile Servicio Nacional de Pesca, Departamento de Gestión Ambiental, Puerto Aysén, Chile Laboratorio Ecología Mamíferos Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja 567, Valdivia, Chile Fundación MERI, Avenida Kennedy 5682, piso 2, Vitacura, 7650720 Santiago, Chile Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Limonares 190, Viña del Mar, Chile
Complete plastome sequence of Torenia benthamiana Hance (Linderniaceae), an endemic herb in South China

Abstract Torenia benthamiana Hance is an endemic plant species distributed in southern China. In this study, we report and characterize the complete plastid genome sequence of T. benthamiana in order to provide genomic resources helpful for promoting its conservation and garden utilization. The complete plastome is 153,526 bp in length and contains the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperm plastome, including two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 24,638 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,417 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,833 bp. The plastome contains 114 genes, consisting of 80 unique protein-coding genes, 30 unique tRNA gene, and 4 unique rRNA genes. The overall A/T content in the plastome of T. benthamiana is 62.40%. The complete plastome sequence of T. benthamiana will provide a useful resource for the conservation and garden utilization of this species as well as for the phylogenetic studies of Linderniaceae.
Summary Report of the Second International Competition on Computational Models of Argumentation

We give an overview of design and results of the Second International Competition on Computational Models of Argumentation (ICCMA’17). Following the first edition in 2015, the competition evaluates the performance of submitted solvers on computational problems within abstract argumentation. In addition to the four original semantics, ICCMA’2017 includes three additional prominent semantics. Moreover, a dedicated call for benchmarks allowed for introducing a sophisticated instance selection process.
Teachers' Understanding of Ratios and Their Connections to Fractions.

In this study, we considered how middle school teachers understood the relationship between fractions and ratios. We used two instruments to collect data from 11 teachers and relied on Knowledge in Pieces as a lens for considering understandings teachers have and how coherent those understandings are. From our analysis, we developed three main findings: participants did not have a single definition for ratios; they used specific vocabulary when discussing ratios; and their language evoked additive strategies rather than multiplicative relationships. Further, we concluded that they each had a number of knowledge resources, but that those resources may not yet be wellconnected to each other. This has implications for professional development.
The Application of Neural Network in Multiple Object Tracking

Multiple object tracking (MOT) is one of the basic issues in the field of video analysis and monitoring. It has great significance in areas of behavioral event understanding, traffic management and security preventation. Nowadays, there are increasingly deep researches on the application of neural networks in MOT, such as feature extraction, model formulation of both appearance and motion. Compared with the traditional MOT with the employment of hand-crafted features and the design of similarity function between detections, research in neural networks has shown competitive superiority and drawn wide attention from scholars. In this paper, we analyze the current trends and introduce the application of convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network in MOT. We can see that the neural network techniques in MOT have great potential and vast development prospects.
The conjugate gradient method with various viewpoints

Connections of the conjugate gradient (CG) method with other methods in computational mathematics are surveyed, including the connections with the conjugate direction method, the subspace optimization method and the quai-Newton method BFGS in numrical optimization, and the Lanczos method in numerical linear algebra. Two sequences of polynomials related to residual vectors and conjugate vectors are reviewed, where the residual polynomials are similar to orthogonal polynomials in the approximation theory and the roots of the polynomials reveal certain information of the coefficient matrix. The convergence rates of the steepest descent and CG are reconsidered in a viewpoint different from textbooks. The connection of infinite dimensional CG with finite dimensional preconditioned CG is also reviewed via numerical solution of an elliptic equation.
Diagnosis of water pipeline systems by frequency domain analysis

Inverse transient analysis is a tool for the diagnosis of water distribution systems based on the comparison of the results of analytical or numerical models with pressure signals acquired during transients. The needed numerical models can be derived in the time domain or in the frequency domain. The time-domain approach is the most followed and leads to the method of characteristics. The traditional models derived in the frequency domain as solutions to the linearized water hammer equations, namely the impulse response and the transfer matrix methods, are efficient in the simulation but are not suited for complex arbitrarily configured networks. An alternative frequencydomain formulation is the network admittance matrix method, where the equations are reorganized into a matrix form using graph-theoretic concepts. In this paper the network admittance matrix method is applied to assess its reliability in the diagnosis of water distribution systems. The unsteady-friction term is introduced in the formulation and a numerical case study is used to detect a pipe replacement in a simple system of metallic pipes. The length, the diameter and the position of the pipe replacement are considered as unknowns and estimated by means of a calibration procedure.
The rotational profiles of cluster galaxies

We compile two samples of cluster galaxies with complimentary hydrodynamic and N-body analysis using flash code to ascertain how their differing populations drive their rotational profiles and to better understand their dynamical histories. We select our main cluster sample from the X-ray Galaxy Clusters Database (BAX), which are populated with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies. The BAX clusters are tested for the presence of substructures, acting as proxies for core mergers, culminating in sub-samples of eight merging and 25 non-merging galaxy clusters. An additional sample of 12 galaxy clusters with known dumbbell components is procured using galaxy data from the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) to compare against more extreme environments. BAX clusters of each sample are stacked on to a common RA–Dec. space to produce rotational profiles within the range of 0.0–2.5 r200. Merging stacks possess stronger core rotation at ≲0.5r200 primarily contributed by a red galaxy sub-population from relaxing core mergers; this is alongside high rotational velocities from blue galaxy sub-populations, until they mix and homogenize with the red sub-populations at ∼r200, indicative of an infalling blue galaxy sub-population with interactive mixing between both sub-populations at ≳ r200. flash code is utilized to simulate the merger phase between two originally independent clusters and test the evolution of their rotational profiles. Comparisons with the dumbbell clusters leads to the inference that the peculiar core rotations of some dumbbell clusters are the result of the linear motions of core galaxies relaxing on to the potential during post second infall.
Probing quantum criticality using nonlinear Hall effect in a metallic Dirac system

Interaction driven symmetry breaking in a metallic (doped) Dirac system can manifest in the spontaneous gap generation at the nodal point buried below the Fermi level. Across this transition linear conductivity remains finite making its direct observation difficult in linear transport. We propose the nonlinear Hall effect as a direct probe of this transition when inversion symmetry is broken. Specifically, for a two-dimensional Dirac material with a tilted low-energy dispersion, we first predict a transformation of the characteristic inter-band resonance peak into a non-Lorentzian form in the collisionless regime. Furthermore, we show that inversion-symmetry breaking quantum phase transition is controlled by an exotic tilt-dependent line of critical points. As this line is approached from the ordered side, the nonlinear Hall conductivity is suppressed owing to the scattering between the strongly coupled incoherent fermionic and bosonic excitations. Our results should motivate further studies of nonlinear responses in strongly interacting Dirac materials.