Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urban Congolese Refugees’ Social Capital and Community Resilience During a Period of Political Violence in Kenya: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Community resilience has been used as a conceptual framework to promote urban refugee protection, integration, and well-being. In the context of this focus on “refugee communities,” it is critical to gain a deeper understanding of the ways urban refugee “communities” function. This study explored urban Congolese refugees’ use of social capital to promote resilience during a period of political violence in Nairobi, Kenya. Findings illustrate how refugees used social capital across different contexts to access and distribute resilience-promoting resources. Women primarily relied on informal bonding forms of capital while men exhibited greater degrees of access to formal bridging and linking networks. I argue for a conceptual shift from “community resilience” to “resilience within networked communities” in order to develop a more nuanced understanding pertaining to how urban-displaced refugees interact with various social networks to survive and thrive.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of daily all-over-body application of emollient during the first year of life for preventing atopic eczema in high-risk children ( The BEEP trial )

Background: Atopic eczema (AE) is a common skin problem that impairs quality of life and is associated with the development of other atopic diseases including asthma, food allergy and allergic rhinitis. AE treatment is a significant cost burden for health care providers. The purpose of the trial is to investigate whether daily application of emollients for the first year of life can prevent AE developing in high-risk infants (first-degree relative with asthma, AE or allergic rhinitis). Methods: This is a protocol for a pragmatic, two-arm, randomised controlled, multicentre trial. Up to 1400 term infants at high risk of developing AE will be recruited through the community, primary and secondary care in England. Participating families will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive general infant skin-care advice, or general skin-care advice plus emollients with advice to apply daily to the infant for the first year of life. Families will not be blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome will be a blinded assessment of AE at 24 months of age using the UK Working Party Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Eczema. Secondary outcomes are other definitions of AE, time to AE onset, severity of AE (EASI and POEM), presence of other allergic diseases including food allergy, asthma and hay fever, allergic sensitisation, quality of life, cost-effectiveness and safety of the emollients. Subgroup analyses are planned for the primary outcome according to filaggrin genotype and the number of first-degree relatives with AE and other atopic diseases. Families will be followed up by online and postal questionnaire at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months with a face-to-face visit at 24 months. Long-term follow-up until 60 months will be via annual questionnaires. (Continued on next page) * Correspondence: joanne.chalmers@nottingham.ac. uk Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Chalmers et al. Trials (2017) 18:343 DOI 10.1186/s13063-017-2031-3
Association Study of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 and 2 Genes in Iranian Women with Preeclampsia

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases 1 and 2 (ERAP1 and 2) are involved in blood pressure regulation and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these genes have been linked to preeclampsia. This study intended to assess the association of ERAP1 and 2 genes polymorphism with Iranian preeclamptic women. Methods: In this case-control study, 148 preeclamptic and 133 pregnant women were selected from the Kosar Hospital, Qazvin, Iran, during 2013–2015. In order to genotype the subjects for rs28096, rs30187, rs26653, rs3734016, rs34750 and rs2549782, rs17408150 for ERAP1 and 2 genes, respectively, Real-Time PCR allelic discrimination approach was exploited. Results: Neither allelic nor genotype frequencies of all seven polymorphisms were significantly different between two groups. Though, ACGACTT and GTCAGGA haplotypes were related with decreased (P=0.0079, OR=0.559, 95% CI: 0.363–0.861 and P=0.02, OR=0.417, 95% CI: 0.194–0.896, respectively), but ACGACGT and GTGACTT haplotypes were associated with an increased (P=0.00082, OR=3.657, 95% CI: 1.630–8.206 and P=0.02, OR=2.401, 95% CI: 1.119–5.151, respectively) risk of preeclampsia. Moreover, some positions were detected to be in linkage disequilibrium. Conclusion: Ongoing investigation resulted differently from before performed studies considering the role of ERAP1 and ERAP2 gene polymorphisms in predisposing women to preeclampsia, emphasizing on the genetic structure differences among various racial populations.
Penerapan Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Untuk Segmentasi Pelanggan

As more businesses emerge, companies need to have the right marketing strategy to provide the best service to customers. The first step is to know the type of customer and make appropriate marketing strategies according to the type of customer. In this research, it is proposed for clustering customers so that an appropriate strategy for that customer group can be determined. The method used for cluster formation uses Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering with Average Linkage approach and distance determination using Manhattan Distance. The variables in this research are Recency, Frequency, and Monetary (RFM). The results of testing using the Silhouette coefficient show that the results of 7 clusters are the best results when compared with 2 clusters up to 20 clusters because they have the smallest minus value. Based on the results of the Silhoutte coefficient, customer segmentation uses 7 clusters with each cluster representing the existing customer type.
Neural correlates of emotion- and reward-driven attentional capture

In recent years, affective neuroscience has emerged as an important discipline to study the brain mechanisms of affect and emotion by employing various methods, ranging from neuroimaging and neurobiology through to drug and lesion studies (Davidson et al., 2003; Deak, 2011; Kringelbach, 2005, Kringelbach & Berridge 2008; LeDoux & Phelps 2000; Leknes & Tracey 2008). Ample research has demonstrated that emotionally significant and rewarding information often produces strong effects on other processing systems, such as cognition, attention, or memory. Here we discuss the effects of emotion and reward on attention and the neural substrates underlying this phenomenon. Two modes of attentional control are usually implicated in the deployment of selective attention (Anderson & Folk, 2010). The first is guided by our goals and/or intentions (voluntary or endogenous attention) and the second is guided by the physical salience of the stimuli or by task-irrelevant stimuli (involuntary or exogenous attention). However, recent research has shown that affective salience of stimuli can also influence attention through mechanism shared with both endogenous and exogenous attention (Vuilleumier & Brosch, 2009).
Analysis of footpath spatio-temporal variability during gait . A case study of a low-lumbar level Myelomeningocele patient

We propose an unsupervised approach to map motor unit action potential (MUAP) trains to hand kinematics. To quantify the spatio temporal information in MUAP trains, we develop a novel complex principal component analysis (CPCA) representation that includes muscle synergies for antagonistic movements in a single dimension, so it makes the direct control of each motor of a bionic hand straightforward by a simple dimensionality reduction. We further explore the importance of a linear transformation (rotation) in the projection space that best aligns the PCA subspace with the canonical projection space of the bionic hand degrees of freedom. We perform some experiments to estimate hand flexion-extension from MUAP trains identified during voluntary movements, with promising preliminary results.
Central Compact Objects: some of them could be spinning up?

Among confirmed central compact objects (CCOs), only three sources have measured period and period derivatives. We have investigated possible evolutionary paths of these three CCOs in the fallback disc model. The model can account for the individual X-ray luminosities and rotational properties of the sources consistently with their estimated supernova ages. For these sources, reasonable model curves can be obtained with dipole field strengths similar to a few x 10(9) G on the surface of the star. The model curves indicate that these CCOs were in the spin-up state in the early phase of evolution. The spin-down starts, while accretion is going on, at a time t similar to 10(3)-10(4) yr depending on the current accretion rate, period, and the magnetic dipole moment of the star. This implies that some of the CCOs with relatively long periods, weak dipole fields, and high X-ray luminosities could be strong candidates to show spin-up behaviour if they indeed evolve with fallback discs.
The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Training Combined With Resveratrol on MFn1 and MFn2 Expression in Cardiac Myocytes in a Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Animal Model

* Corresponding Author: Ahmad Abdi, PhD. Address: Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran. Tel: +98 (11) 43217126 E-mail: a.abdi58@gmail.com 1. Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran. 2. Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran. Hasan Delroz1 , *Ahmad Abdi1 , Alireza Barari1, Parvin Farzanegi2
Conventional Language: How Metaphorical Is It?

We evaluate a fundamental assumption of Lakoff and Johnson's (1980a, 1980b) view that people routinely use conceptual mappings to understand conventional expressions in ordinary discourse. Lakoff and Johnson argue that people rely on mappings such as ARGUMENT IS WAR in understanding expressions such as his criticism was right on target. We propose that people need not rely on conceptual mappings for conventional expressions, although such mappings may be used to understand nonconventional expressions. Three experiments support this claim. Experiments 1 and 2 used a reading-time measure and found no evidence that readers used conceptual mappings to understand conventional expressions. In contrast, the experiments did reveal the use of such mappings with nonconventional expressions. A third experiment ruled out lexical or semantic priming as an explanation for the results. Our findings call into question Lakoff and Johnson's central claim about the relationship between conventional expressions and conceptual mappings.
Gait adaptations in response to obstacle type in fallers with Parkinson ’ s disease

SUMMARY Background: Gait impairment places older adults and people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) at increased risk of falls when walking over obstacles. Increasing the height of obstacles results in greater challenge to balance however little is known about the demands encountered when negotiating obstacles of greater depth which may be greater for PD who often walk with a short, shuffling gait. Research Question: To describe gait adaptation in older adults and people with PD when walking over long and tall obstacles. Methods: 20 people with PD and 13 older adults with a history of falls walked across an instrumented walkway under four conditions: level walking, and over a small, long and tall obstacle. Differences due to group, step and obstacle type were evaluated using General Linear Models. Results: An increased step duration, longer single limb support and a wider step (p<.033) were observed when crossing the tall obstacle for older adults and PD. The PD group completed the crossing steps more slowly than controls, with a shorter step and longer single limb support (p<.043). Obstacle Type did not significantly influence step length. Significance: The greatest temporal-spatial adaptations were elicited when participants negotiated the tall obstacle. Electing a wider step when crossing the tall obstacle was a strategy common to both faller groups (older adults and PD). The tall obstacle presented added challenge for PD who spent longer in single limb support during the crossing steps compared to controls. The long obstacle did not cause a disproportionate change in step length in people with PD, and we suggest that the obstacle may have acted as a visual cue in this group. AC CE PT ED M AN US CR IP T
Understanding Aesthetics and Fitness Measures in Evolutionary Art Systems

One of the general aims of evolutionary art research is to build a computer system capable of creating interesting, beautiful, or creative results, including images, videos, animations, text, and performances. In this context, it is crucial to understand how fitness is conceived and implemented to explore the “interestingness,” beauty, or creativity that the system is capable of. In this paper, we survey the recent research on fitness for evolutionary art related to aesthetics. We also cover research in the psychology of aesthetics, including relation between complexity and aesthetics, measures of complexity, and complexity predictors. We try to establish connections between human perception and understanding of aesthetics with current evolutionary techniques.
Peat stratigraphical study of hydrological conditions at Stass Mosse, southern Sweden, and the relation to Holocene bog-pine growth

Abstract: Peat horizons with numerous subfossil stumps and roots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), frequently occurring in northern European peat bogs, are reveling periods with considerable pine growth on the bogs during the Holocene. It is assumed that periods with relatively low bog surface wetness (BSW) have enhanced establishment of bog-pines in the past and that hydrological changes have influenced the growth and degeneration of these pines. The hydrological conditions during a Holocene bog-pine period at the raised bog Stass Mosse in southern Sweden were investigated using peat stratigraphy, macrofossil analysis, humification analysis, organic bulk density and loss on ignition. The aim was to connect Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) establishment, growth and degeneration to changes in bog surface wetness (BSW). Peat stratigraphical data show that Stass Mosse initially was a lake that first developed by terrestrialisation to a forested fen and later became an ombrotrophic Sphagnum dominated bog sometime between 6000 and 5000 cal BP. Pine remains (periderm and mycorrhizal roots) were identified during the macrofossil analysis of a selected focus interval radiocarbon dated to 6000-3300 cal BP, with increased occurrence between 5000 and 3900 cal BP. These findings are consistent with existing information showing that the subfossil pine stumps lived during the period 4215-3779 ± 105 cal BP. The humification records and stratigraphies reflect three distinct shifts to wetter conditions at 5200 cal BP, around 4600 cal BP and 4100 cal BP, followed by rapid fluctuations in BSW beginning after 3900 cal BP. These unstable hydrological conditions are thought to have affected the bog-pine population negatively in form of reduced growth and eventual die off. The timing of the wet-shifts around 4600 cal BP and 4100 cal BP is comparable to similar shifts found in several other palaeohydrological studies in the region, which implies regional climatic influence. The investigated bog-pine period coincides with the onset of a transition to a wetter and colder climate in the North Atlantic region termed the Neoglacial around 5000-4000 cal BP, believed to be caused by changes in oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns.
A Spatial Model for the Instantaneous Estimation of Wind Power at a Large Number of Unobserved Sites

We propose a hierarchical Bayesian spatial model to obtain predictive densities of wind power at a set of un-monitored locations. The model consists of a mixture of Gamma density for the non-zero values and degenerated distributions at zero. The spatial dependence is described through a common Gaussian random field with a Matérn covariance. For inference and prediction, we use the GMRF-SPDE approximation implemented in the R-INLA package. We showcase the method outlined here on data for 336 wind farms located in Denmark. We test the predictions derived from our method with model-diagnostic tools and show that it is calibrated.
Current plate motions

SUMMARY We determine best-fitting Euler vectors, closure-fitting Euler vectors, and a new global model (NUVEL-1) describing the geologically current motion between 12 assumed-rigid plates by inverting plate motion data we have compiled, critically analysed, and tested for self-consistency. We treat Arabia, India and Australia, and North America and South America as distinct plates, but combine Nubia and Somalia into a single African plate because motion between them could not be reliably resolved. The 1122 data from 22 plate boundaries inverted to obtain NUVEL-1 consist of 277 spreading rates, 121 transform fault azimuths, and 724 earthquake slip vectors. We determined all rates over a uniform time interval of 3.0m. y. , corresponding to the centre of the anomaly 2A sequence, by comparing synthetic magnetic anomalies with observed profiles. The model fits the data well. Unlike prior global plate motion models, which systematically misfit some spreading rates in the Indian Ocean by 8–12mm yr−1, the systematic misfits by NUVEL-1 nowhere exceed ∼3 mm yr−1. The model differs significantly from prior global plate motion models. For the 30 pairs of plates sharing a common boundary, 29 of 30 P071, and 25 of 30 RM2 Euler vectors lie outside the 99 per cent confidence limits of NUVEL-1. Differences are large in the Indian Ocean where NUVEL-1 plate motion data and plate geometry differ from those used in prior studies and in the Pacific Ocean where NUVEL-1 rates are systematically 5–20 mm yr−1 slower than those of prior models. The strikes of transform faults mapped with GLORIA and Seabeam along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge greatly improve the accuracy of estimates of the direction of plate motion. These data give Euler vectors differing significantly from those of prior studies, show that motion about the Azores triple junction is consistent with plate circuit closure, and better resolve motion between North America and South America. Motion of the Caribbean plate relative to North or South America is about 7 mm yr−1 slower than in prior global models. Trench slip vectors tend to be systematically misfit wherever convergence is oblique, and best-fitting poles determined only from trench slip vectors differ significantly from their corresponding closure-fitting Euler vectors. The direction of slip in trench earthquakes tends to be between the direction of plate motion and the normal to the trench strike. Part of this bias may be due to the neglect of lateral heterogeneities of seismic velocities caused by cold subducting slabs, but the larger part is likely caused by independent motion of fore-arc crust and lithosphere relative to the overriding plate.
Realized covariation , realized beta , and microstructure noise

Abstract The presence of market microstructure frictions renders realized covariance and beta estimates obtained by virtue of high-frequency asset price data inconsistent estimates of the underlying quadratic covariations and betas. We characterize the finite-sample properties of these estimates and provide a methodology to estimate quadratic covariations and betas optimally on the basis of a mean-squared error criterion.
The effects of tax changes on economic activity: a narrative approach to frequent anticipations

Este articulo estudia los efectos que anticipaciones de cambios impositivos a traves de noticias en los medios pudieron tener en la actividad economica de Estados Unidos. Para ello construyo una nueva medida que contiene el nivel de anticipacion de la posible aprobacion de proyectos de ley fiscal en el Congreso americano explotando el contenido de las noticias que se publicaron en la television norteamericana. Dado que esta informacion fluye mas rapido que las medidas estandar de PIB, propongo un modelo dinamico de frecuencias mixtas para estimar tanto el factor inobservable de actividad economica como los efectos de los potencialmente previsibles cambios fiscales sobre el. Encuentro que anticipaciones de cambios en la presion fiscal a un mes vista con la informacion de los medios estimulan significativamente la actividad economica, siendo las anticipaciones de reducciones en la presion fiscal las que determinan el signo de este resultado.
The effective electrical conductivity of nonlinear laminate composites

This paper studies the effective nonlinear electrical conductivity of sequentially laminated materials in both two and three dimensions. The exact nonlinear conductive behavior is obtained through a variational procedure [1] that expresses the nonlinear properties of the laminate composite in terms of an optimization with respect to the properties of a series of linear comparison materials. Multiphase laminate composites are discussed and these results are compared with nonlinear HashinShtrikman (H-S) bounds. It is found that some of the laminates possess extremal microstructures that attain the nonlinear H-S lower bound while others are very close to extremal microstructures. The results apply also to the nonlinear thermal conductivity and dielectric and magnetic behavior of laminated heterogeneous materials.
Electronic Structure, Isomerism, and Chemical Bonding in B7 - and B7

The electronic structure and chemical bonding of B7- and B7 have been investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Complicated, but well-resolved, photoelectron spectra were obtained for B7- at several photon energies and were shown distinctly to contain contributions from different B7- isomers. The structures of the global minima and low-lying isomers were identified using extensive ab initio calculations. Two almost degenerate pyramidal structures I (C6v, 3A1) and II (C2v, 1A1) were the most stable for B7-. The triplet structure-I is slightly more stable than the singlet structure at our highest level of theory [RCCSD(T)/6-311+G(2df)] by 0.7 kcal/mol only. The next lowest singlet structure V (C2v, 1A1) was perfectly planar and was 7.8 kcal/mol higher in energy at RCCSD(T)/6-311+G(2df) level. The observed photoelectron spectra can only be explained when contributions from all these three low-lying isomers were considered; the observed spectral features were in good agreement .