Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saliency location based on color contrast

Generally, the purpose of saliency detection models for saliency object detection and for fixation prediction is complementary. Saliency detection models for saliency object detection aim to discover as much as possible true positive, while saliency detection models for fixation prediction intend to generate few false positive. In this work, we attempt to combine their strength together. We accomplish this by, firstly, replacing high-level features that frequently used in a fixation prediction model with our new saliency location map in order to make the model more general. Secondly, we train a saliency detection model with human eye tracking data in order to make the model correspond well to the human eye fixation (without the use of top-down attention). We evaluate the performance of our new saliency location map on both saliency detection and fixation prediction datasets in comparison with six state-of-the-art saliency detection models. The experimental results show that the performance of our proposed method is superior to other methods in an application of saliency object detection on MSRA dataset [1]. For fixation prediction application, the results show that our saliency location map performs comparable to the high-level features, but requires much less computation time.
Clinically Significant Effects of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Spouse Caregivers' Mental Health and Cognitive Functioning: A Pilot Study

The objective of this pilot study was to investigate whether group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) resulted in clinically meaningful improvements in caregiver mood, burden, and cognition. We screened 97 caregivers in Toronto, Canada, of whom 25 with DSM-IV disorders began the 13-week CBT intervention, and 12 completed therapy and the 3-month follow-up. Each caregiver experienced clinically significant improvement on at least 2 of the following outcomes: diagnostic criteria, mood, attention, memory, and caregiver burden. Despite effectiveness, the challenges of recruiting distressed caregivers for therapy suggest that CBT might be most useful as part of a stepped care model of treatment.
Assessment of Mother ' s Knowledge toward Breastfeeding at AL-Najaf City Noora

Background: Breastfeeding is an important source of infant's nutrition in the first six months of their life.Breast milk is considered the first vaccine to infants, contains antibodies providing immunologic protection against death from infectious diseases. Objective: to assessmother's knowledgetoward breastfeeding, to find out relationship between mother's knowledge toward breastfeeding and their demographic data. Material and methods: Across-sectional descriptive study is carried out in (6) primary health care centers at AL-Najaf city, from November 1,2015 until July, 21, 2016. A non-probability (purposive sample) from 150 lactating mother. Results:The study results revealthere is a significant relationship between mother's knowledge about breastfeeding with mother's age, method of delivery, educational status of the mother and husband. Conclusion and Recommendation:Majority of the studied mothers have good knowledge about breastfeeding.The study recommends that educational programs for pregnant women and mothers to increase their knowledge and interest about breastfeeding; encourage mothers for exclusive breastfeeding within first six months of infant's life.
Correction of leukocyte function in Chediak-Higashi syndrome by ascorbate.

Because ascorbate potentiates chemotaxis of normal leukocytes, we examined the effect of ascorbate on polymorphonuclear leukocytes from a patient with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Chemotactic migration was 104+/-16 leukocytes per 10 fields (mean+/-S.D.) initially and 258+/-44 (P less than 0.001) after ascorbate, as compared to 182+/-10 in controls. There was no bactericidal activity by 40 minutes in the patient's untreated leukocytes. After ascorbate bactericidal activity of patient and untreated control cells was the same. The addition of ascorbate reduced cAMP levels in the patient's cells from a mean of 34.5 pmoles per 10(7) polymorphonuclear leukocytes to 5.9, as compared to a control value of 3.1+/-1.4. The association of elevated cAMP and impaired function in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of patients with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome may be related to abnormal microtubular assembly.
Challenging Issues and Similarity Measures for Web Document Clustering

Web itself contains a large amount of documents available in electronic form. The available documents are in various forms and the information in them is not in organized form. The lack of organization of materials in the WWW motivates people to automatically manage the huge amount of information. Text- mining refers generally to the process of extracting interesting and non-trivial information and knowledge from unstructured text. Text mining framework contains Information Retrieval, Information Extraction, Information Mining and Interpretation. During Information Retrieval, so many web documents are retrieved. In that how we can find out similar documents among retrieved? This paper deals with the challenging issues and similarity measures for web document clustering .
The influence of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems' performance on earnings management

We analyse whether there is a linkage between performance measures of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and earnings management. We find that earnings management decreases with the higher performance of ERP systems. The empirical result is as expected. We further analyse how the dimension of the DeLone and McLean model of information systems success affects earnings management. We find that the relationship between the performance of ERP systems and earnings management depends on System Quality after ERP implementation. The more System Quality improves, the more earnings management is reduced.
Prediction of missed cleavage sites in tryptic peptides aids protein identification in proteomics.

Protein identification via peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) remains a key component of high-throughput proteomics experiments in post-genomic science. Candidate protein identifications are made using bioinformatic tools from peptide peak lists obtained via mass spectrometry (MS). These algorithms rely on several search parameters, including the number of potential uncut peptide bonds matching the primary specificity of the hydrolytic enzyme used in the experiment. Typically, up to one of these "missed cleavages" are considered by the bioinformatics search tools, usually after digestion of the in silico proteome by trypsin. Using two distinct, nonredundant datasets of peptides identified via PMF and tandem MS, a simple predictive method based on information theory is presented which is able to identify experimentally defined missed cleavages with up to 90% accuracy from amino acid sequence alone. Using this simple protocol, we are able to "mask" candidate protein databases so that confident missed cleavage sites need not be considered for in silico digestion. We show that that this leads to an improvement in database searching, with two different search engines, using the PMF dataset as a test set. In addition, the improved approach is also demonstrated on an independent PMF data set of known proteins that also has corresponding high-quality tandem MS data, validating the protein identifications. This approach has wider applicability for proteomics database searching, and the program for predicting missed cleavages and masking Fasta-formatted protein sequence databases has been made available via http:// ispider.smith. man.ac uk/MissedCleave.
The resilience of cooperation in a Dilemma game played by reinforcement learning agents

This work discusses what an (independent) reinforcement learning agent can do in a multiagent environment. In particular, we consider a stateless Q-learning agent in a Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game. Although it had been shown in the literature that stateless, independent Q-learning agents had been difficult to cooperate with each other in an iterated PD (IPD) game, we gave a condition of PD payoffs and Q-learning parameters that helps the agents cooperate with each other. Based on the condition, we also discussed the ratio of mutual cooperation happening in IPD games. It supposed that mutual cooperation was fragile, i.e., one misfortune defection would have the agents slide down the spiral of mutual defection. However, it is not always correct. Mutual cooperation will reinforce itself and thus it will be robust and resilient. Hence, this work analytically derives how long a series of mutual cooperation continues once it happened while considering the resilience. It gives us further comprehension of the process of reinforcement learning in IPD games.
Solution of the Hartree-Fock Equations tor Atoms and Diatomic Moleeules with the Finite Element Method

mentioned above. A review of the basis sets used in the quantum chemical calculations is given by Wilson [13]. The new developments are the two dimensional fully numerical finite difference method (FDM) [14] and the finite element method (FEM) [15]. It has been shown in both methods that the accuracy to calculate e.g., the total energy is many orders of magnitude better than in the old quantum mechanical method because both methods are basis set independent. With regard to the comparison ofthese two purely numerical methods the FEM seems to be even more stable and accurate than the FDM at least for the total energy. An overview of the finite difference method and a comparison with further numerical methods like the seminumerical partial wave method by McCullough [17] is given in Ref. [14]. Preliminary results for the solution ofthe HF equations with the FEM are given by Sundholm et al. in Ref. [15]. The papers published so far on the FEM from our group for the one- and two­ dimensional solution of the Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) and spin polarized HFS calculations are given in Ref. [16] and [18-21]. In Chapter 2 we are going to discuss in brief the Hartree­ Fock problem for atoms and molecules as weIl as the FEM and computational approach. In Section 3 we discuss the results of the solution of the HF problem in a two dimen­ sional way for the atoms Be, Ne and Ar as weIl as LiH, BH, N 2 and CO as examples for diatomic molecules.
Computed impact of human occupants on field distributions within a passenger vehicle

Computer simulation was used to evaluate the impact of human occupants on average electric field levels and antenna return loss within a car. The antennas were placed within the cabin at six different locations (three locations under the roof, as well as dashboard, storage compartment and parcel-shelf locations). Results are presented for a car with four homogenous human simulants seated within the car at three communication frequencies (900 MHz, 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz). The reductions in internal vehicle field levels due to the presence of human occupants are mostly higher with the source antenna on the parcel shelf and lower with the source antenna placed under the roof. The impact of the human occupants on the antenna return loss is more significant for the roof-mounted examples.
Role of Plant Residues in Determining Temporal Patterns of the Activity, Size, and Structure of Nitrate Reducer Communities in Soil

ABSTRACT The incorporation of plant residues into soil not only represents an opportunity to limit soil organic matter depletion resulting from cultivation but also provides a valuable source of nutrients such as nitrogen. However, the consequences of plant residue addition on soil microbial communities involved in biochemical cycles other than the carbon cycle are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the responses of one N-cycling microbial community, the nitrate reducers, to wheat, rape, and alfalfa residues for 11 months after incorporation into soil in a field experiment. A 20- to 27-fold increase in potential nitrate reduction activity was observed for residue-amended plots compared to the nonamended plots during the first week. This stimulating effect of residues on the activity of the nitrate-reducing community rapidly decreased but remained significant over 11 months. During this period, our results suggest that the potential nitrate reduction activity was regulated by both carbon availability and temperature. The presence of residues also had a significant effect on the abundance of nitrate reducers estimated by quantitative PCR of the narG and napA genes, encoding the membrane-bound and periplasmic nitrate reductases, respectively. In contrast, the incorporation of the plant residues into soil had little impact on the structure of the narG and napA nitrate-reducing community determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) fingerprinting. Overall, our results revealed that the addition of plant residues can lead to important long-term changes in the activity and size of a microbial community involved in N cycling but with limited effects of the type of plant residue itself.
The varied impacts of energy storage and photovoltaics on fossil fuel emissions

The emissions consequences of smart grid technologies can be significant but are not always intuitive. This is particularly true in the implementation of energy storage (ES) to enable the installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Using the web-based calculator at https://eqt.pnnl. gov and prototypical distribution feeders, this paper explores the CO2, SO2 and NOx impacts of ES deployed with solar PV, where the energy storage system is operated to minimize load variation assuming hourly dispatch. Five regions of the country were explored using 15 prototypical distribution feeders and 2015 historical data. Impacts vary in direction, magnitude, and trend, and require a context-dependent screening method for faithful representation.
An attempt to estimate total body fat and protein in malnourished children

1. An attempt was made to measure body volume and body fat in malnourished children using the same closed-circuit apparatus for both determinations. If these measurements were sufficiently accurate, they would enable total body protein to be calculated. 2. A helium dilution technique was used to estimate the volume of the child. Although highly reproducible measurements were obrained for the volume of inanimate objects by this techinque, the results with children were erratic. 3. The fat stores of the child were determind by measuring the amount of cyclopropane (C2H4) which would dissolve in the body. This technique gave acceptable answers with marasmic children who have little subcutaneous fat, but with obese children equilibrium could not be obtained in an acceptably short period of time. It is not practicable to calculate the equilibrium concentration by extrapolation of the uptake curve in obese children.
Alterations in desmosome size and number coincide with the loss of keratinocyte cohesion in skin with homozygous and heterozygous defects in the desmosomal protein plakophilin 1.

Recessive mutations in the desmosomal plaque protein plakophilin 1 (PkP1) underlie ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome (MIM 604536). We undertook an immunohistochemical and quantitative electron microscopic examination of suprabasal desmosomes from 4 skin samples from 3 PkP1 deficient patients, an unaffected carrier with a PKP1 heterozygous acceptor splice site mutation and 5 healthy control subjects. Desmosomal plaque size (>50 desmosomes per individual) and frequency (>20 high power fields, HPF) were assessed. Compared with controls, desmosomes were reduced dramatically both in size (49%) and frequency (61%) in the lower suprabasal layers (LSB) in PkP1 null patients (P<0.01). In the LSB compartment of the heterozygous carrier, corresponding reductions were 37% and 20%, respectively (P<0.01). Surprisingly, the PkP1 null patient's upper suprabasal layer, (USB), desmosome size was larger (59%, P<0.01) than the control value, and showed increased desmoglein 1 and PkP2 USB staining. The USB desmosome frequency in PKP1 null patients was similar to the LSB compartment (but reduced by 43% compared to USB controls). The carrier showed no difference in the USB desmosome size and frequency compared with the controls (P>0.05). The PKP1 null patients showed poorly developed inner and outer desmosomal plaques. Thus, both the patients and unaffected carrier showed reductions in the LSB desmosome size and number; despite only PkP1 null patients exhibiting any phenotype. These findings attest to the molecular recruiting and stabilizing roles of PkP1 in desmosome formation, particularly in the LSB compartment.
Hybridization-based antibody cDNA recovery for the production of recombinant antibodies identified by repertoire sequencing

High-throughput sequencing of the antibody repertoire is enabling a thorough analysis of B cell diversity and clonal selection, which may improve the novel antibody discovery process. Theoretically, an adequate bioinformatic analysis could allow identification of candidate antigen-specific antibodies, requiring their recombinant production for experimental validation of their specificity. Gene synthesis is commonly used for the generation of recombinant antibodies identified in silico. Novel strategies that bypass gene synthesis could offer more accessible antibody identification and validation alternatives. We developed a hybridization-based recovery strategy that targets the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDRH3) for the enrichment of cDNA of candidate antigen-specific antibody sequences. Ten clonal groups of interest were identified through bioinformatic analysis of the heavy chain antibody repertoire of mice immunized with hen egg white lysozyme (HEL). cDNA from eight of the targeted clonal groups was recovered efficiently, leading to the generation of recombinant antibodies. One representative heavy chain sequence from each clonal group recovered was paired with previously reported anti-HEL light chains to generate full antibodies, later tested for HEL-binding capacity. The recovery process proposed represents a simple and scalable molecular strategy that could enhance antibody identification and specificity assessment, enabling a more cost-efficient generation of recombinant antibodies.
Modifications to the Standard Sit-and-Reach Flexibility Protocol.

OBJECTIVE To present several modifications of the standard sit-and-reach protocol. BACKGROUND Many exercises designed to increase strength and aerobic capacity tend to decrease the flexibility of the erector spinae and hamstrings musculature. Less-than-ideal flexibility in these soft tissues may increase the risk of injury during training, competition, or activities of daily living. The most widely used measures of flexibility have been either the stand-and-reach or the sit-and-reach, but both are limited to a single measure. DESCRIPTION Using the new multitest flexometer, we were able to take 6 flexibility measures beyond the stand-and-reach test: standard active sit-and-reach, standard passive sit-and-reach, modified active sit-and-reach with external rotators slackened, modified passive sit-and-reach with external rotators slackened, modified active sit-and-reach with the hamstrings, gastrocnemii, and external rotators slackened, and modified passive sit-and-reach with the hamstrings, gastrocnemii, and external rotators slackened. CLINICAL ADVANTAGES This modified sit-and-reach protocol allows the indirect assessment of the influence of the 4 major muscle groups that affect sit-and-reach scores: erector spinae, hip rotators, hamstrings, and gastrocnemii.
Rapid and apparently error-prone excision repair of nonreplicating UV-irradiated plasmids in Xenopus laevis oocytes

Repair of UV-irradiated plasmid DNA microinjected into frog oocytes was measured by two techniques: transformation of repair-deficient (delta uvrB delta recA delta phr) bacteria, and removal of UV endonuclease-sensitive sites (ESS). Transformation efficiencies relative to unirradiated plasmids were used to estimate the number of lethal lesions; the latter were assumed to be Poisson distributed. These estimates were in good agreement with measurements of ESS. By both criteria, plasmid DNA was efficiently repaired, mostly during the first 2 h, when as many as 2 x 10(10) lethal lesions were removed per oocyte. This rate is about 10(6) times the average for removal of ESS from repair-proficient human cells. Repair was slower but still significant after 2 h, but some lethal lesions usually remained after overnight incubation. Most repair occurred in the absence of light, in marked contrast to differentiated frog cells, previously shown to possess photoreactivating but no excision repair activity. There was no increase in the resistance to DpnI restriction of plasmids (methylated in Escherichia coli at GATC sites) incubated in oocytes; this implies no increase in hemimethylated GATC sites, and hence no semiconservative DNA replication. Plasmid substrates capable of either intramolecular or intermolecular homologous recombination were not recombined, whether UV-irradiated or not. Repair of Lac+ plasmids was accompanied by a significant UV-dependent increase in the frequency of Lac- mutants, corresponding to a repair synthesis error frequency on the order of 10(-4) per nucleotide.
Blind texture segmentation

The technique presented solves the problem of texture segmentation in two steps. In the first, a textured image is divided into small squares (20*20 in this case) and a hierarchical clustering algorithm related to a choice of ultrametric distances is used to obtain an initial segmentation. In the second step, the texture boundaries are improved using a recursive procedure with vertical and horizontal segments of smaller and smaller size, converging towards the correct texture boundaries. <<ETX>>
Traumatic brain injury causes delayed motor and cognitive impairment in a mutant mouse strain known to exhibit delayed wallerian degeneration

Delayed Wallerian degeneration after neuronal injury is a feature of the C57BL/Wlds mouse mutant. In the present study, we examined the effect of unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) on motor and cognitive performance in C57BL/6 and C57BL/Wlds mice. Performance on a beam‐walking task was impaired in both injured groups over the first 3 weeks; however, between 28 and 35 days post injury, C57BL/6 mice continued to improve whereas C57BL/Wlds mice showed increased footfaults. In a spatial learning task, C57BL/Wlds animals performed consistently better than C57BL/6 mice when tested 7–10 days and 14–17 days following CCI. C57BL/Wlds mice also demonstrated improved working memory performance as compared with C57BL/6 mice when trained on days 21–22 after injury; this effect was lost on days 23 and 24, and was not evident in other animals tested in the same task at 28–31 days following injury. These results indicate a marked delay in motor and cognitive impairment following CCI in C57BL/Wlds mice compared with injured C57BL/6 controls. This is consistent with previous work showing delayed temporal evolution of neuronal degeneration in C57BL/Wlds mice and suggests CCI may be a suitable model for examining the functional consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in genetically altered mice. J. Neurosci. Res. 53:718–727, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.