Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Family Centered Empowerment Program Can Relieve Stress, Anxiety and Depression of Heart Failure Patients’ Family Caregivers

Background: Living with heart failure (HF) patients is a complex condition for family caregivers. Few interventional studies have yet been conducted to relieve several challenges of HF patients’ family caregivers in a caring situation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an educative-supportive intervention in relieving stress, anxiety, and depression in HF patients’ family caregivers. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was conducted in a capital teaching hospital in Isfahan, Iran in 2014. The intervention consisted of two-hour multimedia-assisted educative-supportive sessions for four weeks. The participants were 50 family caregivers of HF patients. The levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were measured by shortform version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21. Paired and student’s t-tests and ANOVA were used to compare the mean differences of stress, anxiety, and depression scores between the two groups throughout a three-month period. Findings: The educative-supportive intervention had appropriate effects in reducing HF patients family caregivers’ stress, anxiety and depression at the completion and three months after the completion of the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusions: Nurses and other health care providers can use the results of this study to effectively implement suitable interventions for reducing challenges of family caregivers in a caring situation.
Application of Inverse Perspective Mapping for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems in Automotive Embedded Systems

<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In the recent times vehicle manufactures and automotive suppliers are progressing towards building vision based subsystems for provisioning driver assistance while targeting the automotive safety critical needs. While the acquired images constitute the fundamental input for any vision based system, transforms on images become essential to derive and gain insight into certain specific features. These derived features are used and reused at multiple places for varied automotive applications. This situation warrants a scalable and flexible image processing platform for a class of automotive applications. An attempt is made in this Research work to propose architecture that, specially, includes a layer of image transformations and to implement a prototype image processing platform. Inverse Perspective Mapping (IPM), a widely used class of transforms is emphasized in the present architecture alongside other nominal transforms. Lane departure warning system is implemented on this platform for the purpose of illustration and to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed architecture</span>
Terms of Trade Effects: Theory and Measurement

Foreign trade enables a nation to consume a different mix of goods and services than it produces, so to measure real gross domestic income (GDI) for an open economy, we must deflate by an index of the prices of the things that this income is used to buy, not the price index for GDP. The differences between these two indexes come from the export and import components of GDP, and are measured by the trading gains index. Fisher indexes are a natural way to estimate the conceptual economic indexes of trading gains and real GDI because they are averages of the theoretical upper and lower bounds of the economic indexes. They can be decomposed in a way that permits analyses of the factors driving changes in trading gains, such as changes in the terms of trade and in the relative price of tradables, or changes in the prices of particular commodities. Applying these methods to the United States, we find that trading gains have a median absolute effect on U.S. real GDI of 0.2 percentage points in annual data. The petroleum price shocks that occurred in late 1973 and in 1980 subtracted more than a full percentage point from the annual growth of real GDI, and in the first half of 2008 price increases in petroleum and other imported commodities subtracted 2 percentage points from the annual rate of growth of real GDI, making it negative despite the steady growth of real GDP. On the other hand, with petroleum prices excluded, U.S. terms of trade begin to improve steadily starting in 1995 and the relative price of tradables falls. These effects increase the growth rate of U.S. real GDI by 0.15 percent per year on average.
DE TRAVAI W . P . 0 Optimal Group In Social Preferences a

In this paper, we analyze group incentives when a proportion of agents feel inequity aversion as de ned by Fehr and Schmidt (1999). We de ne a separating equilibrium that explains the co-existence of multiple payment schemes in rms. We show that a tournament provides strong incentives to agents who only care about their own payo¤ but that it is not e¢ cient when agents are inequity averse. In fact, inequity averse agents are attracted by a revenue-sharing scheme in which the joint production is equally distributed, under the constraint that sel sh agents have no incentive to join the revenue sharing organization. If the market is perfectly exible, this separating equilibrium induces a high e¤ort level for both types of agents. Pareto gains are achieved by o¤ering organizational choice to agents and the optimal contract is thus to propose both payment schemes to agents and to allow them to self-select into the di¤erent payment schemes. JEL Classi cation: D63, D82, J31, J33, M52
Evolutionarily distinct “living fossils” require both lower speciation and lower extinction rates

Abstract. As a label for a distinct category of life, “living fossil” is controversial. The term has multiple definitions, and it is unclear whether the label can be genuinely used to delimit biodiversity. Even taking a purely phylogenetic perspective in which a proxy for the living fossil is evolutionary distinctness (ED), an inconsistency arises: Does it refer to “dead-end” lineages doomed to extinction or “panchronic” lineages that survive through multiple epochs? Recent tree-growth model studies indicate that speciation ratesmust have been unequally distributed among species in the past to produce the shape of the tree of life. Although an uneven distribution of speciation rates may create the possibility for a distinct group of living fossil lineages, such a grouping could only be considered genuine if extinction rates also show a consistent pattern, be it indicative of dead-end or panchronic lineages. To determinewhether extinction rates also show an unequal distribution, we developed a tree-growth model in which the probability of speciation and extinction is a function of a tip's ED. We simulated thousands of trees in which the ED function for a tip is randomly and independently determined for speciation and extinction rates. We find that simulations in which the most evolutionarily distinct tips have lower rates of speciation and extinction produce phylogenetic trees closest in shape to empirical trees. This implies that a distinct set of lineages with reduced rates of diversification, indicative of a panchronic definition, is required to create the shape of the tree of life.
Genetic analysis of yield, yield related traits and amylose content in Boro rice (Oryza sativa L.) over environments.

Nine boro rice genotypes were crossed in diallel mating design to study the inheritance of yield, yield related traits and amylose content over three seasons. Data from 36 F 1 and parents were analysed using Hayman’s (1954) graphical approach. Majority of the traits studied revealed importance of over-dominance type of intra allelic interaction over the three seasons. The parents were scattered along the regression line indicating sufficient diversity among them for the traits.
Structuring Human-ML Interaction With an Immersive Interface Based on Qualitative Coding

With ever increasing bodies of data, much of it unlabeled and from complex, dynamic and weakly structured domains, machine learning (ML) is more necessary than ever. Yet even domain experts have difficulty understanding most ML algorithms, and so cannot easily retrain them as new data arrives. This limits ML’s use in many fields that sorely need it, such as law, where users must have confidence in ML results. Interactive machine learning techniques have been proposed to take advantage of humanity’s ability to categorize in these complex domains, but little attention has been paid to building interfaces for non-ML experts to provide input, and in particular to creating a user experience that engenders trust. Qualitative coding the decades-old practice of manual classification provides a proven methodology that can be adapted to structure interaction between domain experts and ML algorithms. Qualitative coders often use physical props such as notecards to help sort through and understand datasets. Here we explore how an immersive system can be built to leverage QC’s intuitive techniques and grow a trusting partnership between human and ML classifiers.
Controlling the morphology of complex ceramic nanowires and the real ceramic production using SBS.

High production rates are essential to make nanomaterials commercially available. Thus, the estimative of the real production rate of ceramic nanomaterials for instance, is quite important. In this work, we prepare the complex superconducting ceramic YBa2Cu3O7-\delta by using the Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) technique. We show that the morphology can be controlled varying the injection rate of the polymer solution, with the smallest diameter, 258 nm, obtained by the lowest injection rate (60 \mu L/min). Besides that, the real production, related to the ceramic production rate, ranged from 4.7 to 33 times higher than the equivalent ceramics produced by Electrospinning. The quality of the samples was confirmed by magnetic measurements from which superconducting transitions at temperatures as high as 93.1 K were determined.
Fiber-optic temperature measurements in closed-loop geothermal systems: A case study in heterogeneous bedrock

In order to study the behaviour of shallow closed-loop geothermal systems, four borehole heat exchangers equipped with fiber optics were installed on the campus of the University of Liege (Liege, Belgium) over a surface area of 32 m2.This paper presents continuous, high-resolution temperature profiles measured along the boreholes length at different phases: at the undisturbed state, during hardening of the grouting material, during the recovery phase of a Distributed Thermal Response Test (DTRT) and during a DTRT of a long duration (7 months). The undisturbed ground temperature is affected by the heat loss from ground structures located close to the boreholes, as also indicated by a 3D numerical model. Temperature profiles during hardening of the grouting material indicate extended fractured zones in the rock mass. Temperature measurements during the recovery phase can be correlated to rock layers with different mineral content. The results are in good agreement with those of the borehole televiewer logging method. The long duration DTRT allow us to follow the thermal plume in the heterogeneous rock mass. Moreover the effect of the duration of the test to the calculated mean thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance is investigated. The presented analysis could provide information on bedrock heterogeneity, on the anisotropic thermal behaviour of the rock mass and on the ground temperature variations due to heat loss from ground structures. These information could significantly contribute to the long-term behaviour prediction of the geothermal system and the geothermal reservoir potential.
Hydrodynamic Modeling of a Flare Loop Connecting the Accretion Disk and Central Core of Young Stellar Objects

Many young stellar objects, such as protostars and T-Tauri stars, show strong flare activity. In this paper we present a hydrodynamic simulation of a flare loop that connects the central star and the accretion disk, and discuss the evaporation of the chromosphere of the central star and the disk. We assumed a long (> 10 R� ) loop length, and that the flare energy is deposited near the half-way point between the disk and the stellar surface. We found that in some cases all of the plasma in the accretion disk is heated to the flare temperature and spreads over the flare loop. The condition for this “disk disappearance” was examined. The X-ray spectrum expected when we observe the simulation result was synthesized by taking into account the instrumental response of ASCA/GIS. However, we could not find any clear observational signature of the existence of the disk, because the bulk properties of a flare loop are determined by the flare heating flux and loop length, and not by the involvement of the disk. We found that the synthesized spectrum is reasonably fitted with a two-temperature model, and that the temperature of the hotter component is several factors lower than the maximum temperature of the simulation result.
SOME BASIC THEOREMS IN DIFFERENTIAL ALGEBRA (CHARACTERISTIC p, ARBITRARY)

cannot be taken over verbatim. This usually requires that the two cases be discussed separately, and this has been done below. The subject is treated ab initio, and one may consider that the proofs in the case of characteristic 0 are being offered for their simplicity. In the field theory, questions of separability are also considered, and the theorem of S. MacLane on separating transcendency bases [4] is established in the differential situation. 1. Definitions. By a differentiation over a ring R is meant a mapping u-*u' from R into itself satisfying the rules (uv)'=uv'+u'v and (u+v)' =u'+v'. A differential ring is the composite notion of a ring R and a differentiation over R: if the ring R becomes converted into a differential ring by means of a differentiation D, the differential ring will also be designated simply by R, since it will always be clear which differentiation is intended. If R is a differential ring and R is an integral domain or field, we speak of a differential integral domain or differential field respectively. An ideal A in a differential ring R is called a differential ideal if uGA implies u'GA. The ring { u+A } of residue classes of the differential ring R mod a differential ideal A is also a differential ring under the differentiation (u+A)'=u'+A. If F is a differential field, then from (v.u/v)'=v(u/v)'+v'(u/v) we obtain (u/v)'=(u'v-uv')/v2. If R is a differential integral domain, then its quotient field F becomes a differential field on setting (u/v) ' = (u'v - uv') /V2: it is this differential field which is intended when we speak of the
Assessment of Cryptophyceae ingestion by copepods using alloxanthin pigment: a caution

The accessory pigment alloxanthin is a well-known taxonomic marker for Crypto- phyceae in natural seawater. The use of alloxanthin to estimate in situ zooplankton grazing and selectivity on Cryptophyceae was studied using 2 dominant copepods of the southern North Sea, Temora longicornis and Centropages hamatus. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of water samples and of freshly caught copepods, starvation experiments, and feeding experiments (shipboard bottle-incubations) were carried out. Although alloxanthin was always detected in copepod extracts, (1) no correlation was found with alloxanthin in seawater, and (2) no significant grazing on Cryptophyceae was observed. Results of our gut-evacuation experiments showed that at least 78% of the initial alloxanthin content of T. longicornis and C. hamatus remained after 90 min, whereas fucoxanthin and chloropigments decreased rapidly with time. Alloxanthin and astaxanthin esters were the only pigments remaining in the body of T. longicornis after several hours' starvation. It is concluded that most of the detected alloxanthin did not originate from the gut but from the body tissues. Our results suggest that alloxanthin is not suitable as a biomarker for quantitative or qualitative estimates of copepod grazing on Cryptophyceae.
Rheological behavior of colloidal suspension with long-range interactions

In this work, we study the constitutive behavior of interacting colloidal suspensions for moderate and high concentrations. Specifically, using a lattice Boltzmann solver, we numerically examine suspensions flowing through narrow channels, and explore the significance of the interaction potential strength on the system’s macroscopic response. When only a short-range interaction potential is considered, a Newtonian behavior is always recovered and the system’s effective viscosity mostly depends on the suspension concentration. However, when using a Lennard-Jones potential we identify two rheological responses depending on the interaction strength, the volume fraction, and the pressure drop. Exploiting a model proposed in the literature we rationalize the simulation data and propose scaling relations to identify the relevant energy scales involved in these transport processes. Moreover, we find that the spatial distribution of colloids in layers parallel to the flow direction does not correlate with changes in the system macroscopic response; but, interestingly, the rheology changes do correlate with the spatial distribution of colloids within individual layers. Namely, suspensions characterized by a Newtonian response display a cubiclike structure of the colloids within individual layers, whereas for suspensions with non-Newtonian response colloids organize in a hexagonal structure.
AN ACCURATE ALGORITHM FOR AUTOMATIC STITCHING IN ONE DIMENSION

The paper addresses the issues in accuracy of various image-stitching algorithms used in the industry today on different types of real-time images. Our paper proposes a stitching algorithm for stitching images in one dimension. The most robust image stitching algorithms make use of feature descriptors to achieve invariance to image zoom, rotation and exposure change. The use of invariant feature descriptors in image matching and alignment makes them more accurate and reliable for a variety of images under different realtime conditions. We assess the accuracy of one such industrial tool, [AUTOSTICH], for our dataset and its underlying Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors. The tool’s performance is low in certain scenarios. Our proposed automatic stitching process can be broadly divided into 3 stages: Feature Point Extraction, Points Refinement, and Image Transformation & Blending. Our approach builds on the underlying way a casual end-user captures images through cameras for panoramic image stitching. We have tested the proposed approach on a variety of images and the results show that the algorithm performs well in
Discriminating Speech and Nonspeech from Video Signals using SFF VAD

An image processing approach is used for speech/nonspeech discrimination. The approach is based on single frequency filtering (SFF) and visual VAD. SFF is the amplitude envelope of the signal is obtained at each frequency with high temporal and spectral resolution where visual VAD is a classifier to determine whether a speaker is silent or not in a frame using the associated video signal. The high resolution property of SFF helps to exploit the resulting high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions in time and frequency. But in SFF method, nonspeech is also considered as speech in the audio signal at particular situations. To avoid this issue, a technique is proposed with the combination of SFF and Visual VAD in which the speech is extracted from the video signals by the lip movement. In this method uses lip shape and degree of lip opening as visual features representing a subject’s lip motion. After the lip movement analysis, the audio analyzed output and video analyzed output is combined together to distinguish the voiced/unvoiced region with a SVM classifier.
Equilibria in an infinite horizon game with an incumbent, entry and switching costs

We consider an infinite horizon game in which a consumer incurs a switching cost when changing supplier. There is an incumbent firm at the beginning of the game, and a new entrant in each period, all with a production cost of 0. We identify the set of possible profits of the incumbent when the common discount rate of all the agents is greater than 1/2: it is the interval [0, σ/(1 − δ)]. There exist equilibria in which the incumbent sells the good to the consumer in every period at any price in [0, σ]. The result also holds with several entrants and several consumers.
An Analysis of Voluntary Disclosure of Performance Indicators by Canadian Universities

Managing by performance indicators (PIs) is an important and controversial issue for many stakeholders concerned with higher education in the university systems all over the world. This study analyzes the voluntary disclosures of PIs by Canadian universities. The sample consisted of the 44 universities used by Maclean’s Canadian Universities ranking, which divide the universities into Primarily Undergraduate, Comprehensive, and Medical-Doctoral. We were able to identify 123 PIs which were regrouped in 18 categories. The top two categories were disclosures about research and finance which are not surprising since research and the financing thereof appear to be the mission of most universities. The larger universities in the Medical-Doctoral category appear to engage in a much higher level of disclosure of PIs than the Comprehensive and Primarily Undergraduate categories. According to our results, voluntary disclosure of PIs is positively affected by university size and mission. These results seem to be consistent with disclosure theories, particularly political cost theory and legitimacy theory and with previous results in the corporate sector. They are relevant to different stakeholders concerned with higher education.
Expression, purification, and refolding of active human and mouse secreted group IIE phospholipase A2

Secreted phospholipase A2s form a large family of proteins involved in diverse biological and pathophysiological processes. Group IIE secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIE) is one of the latest discovered members of this family. Previous studies revealed that the expression profile of sPLA2-IIE was restricted to a few tissue types including brain, heart, lung and placenta compared to the broad expression profile of other isoforms. Accumulating evidence suggests that sPLA2-IIE might play a pivotal role in the progression of inflammatory processes. However, functional study of sPLA2-IIE was hindered by the low yield of soluble expressed protein. In this study, we have expressed human and mouse sPLA2-IIE in Escherichia coli in the form of inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies were dissolved, purified and refolded in a stepwise dialysis approach and further purified. We obtained soluble and active proteins for human and mouse sPLA2-IIE with a final yield of 1.1 and 1.2 mg/500 mL bacterial culture, respectively. The refolded sPLA2-IIEs exhibited similar calcium and pH dependence of their enzymatic activity with those expressed in COS cells. This protein expression and purification protocol will facilitate the further structural and functional studies of human and mouse sPLA2-IIEs. 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.