Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topological Excitations in Quantum Spin Systems

The origin and significance of topological excitations in quantum spin models in low dimensions are presented in detail. Besides a general review, our own work in this area is described in great depth. Apart from theoretical analysis of the existence and properties of spin vortices and antivortices, the possible experimental consequences and signatures are also highlighted. In particular, the distinguishing features between the even and odd charged topological excitations are brought out through a detailed analysis of the topological term in the quantum action. Moreover, an interesting symmetry property is predicted between the excitations from a ferromagnetic model and an antiferromagnetic model. Through a novel approach of ours, a bridge is established between field theoretical formalism and the well-known statistical mechanical treatment of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition involving these topological excitations. Furthermore, a detailed phenomenological analysis of the experimentally observed static and dynamic magnetic properties of the layered magnetic materials, possessing XY anisotropy in the in-plane spin-spin couplings, is undertaken to test the theoretical predictions regarding the behaviour of these excitations. The importance and the crucial role of quantum spin fluctuations in these studies are also brought out very clearly by our analysis.
A Bayesian approach to estimate sensible and latent heat over vegetated land surface

Sensible and latent heat fluxes are often calculated from bulk transfer equations combined with the energy balance. For spatial estimates of these fluxes, a combination of remotely sensed and standard meteorological data from weather stations is used. The success of this approach depends on the accuracy of the input data and on the accuracy of two variables in particular: aerodynamic and surface conductance. This paper presents a Bayesian approach to improve estimates of sensible and latent heat fluxes by using a priori estimates of aerodynamic and surface conductance alongside remote measurements of surface temperature. The method is validated for time series of half-hourly measurements in a fully grown maize field, a vineyard and a forest. It is shown that the Bayesian approach yields more accurate estimates of sensible and latent heat flux than traditional methods.
Geodetic observations of the ongoing Dabbahu rifting episode: new dyke intrusions in 2006 and 2007

SUMMARY A 60-km-long dyke intruded the Dabbahu segment of the Nubia–Arabia Plate boundary (Afar, Ethiopia) in 2005 September, marking the beginning of an ongoing rifting episode. We have monitored the continuing activity using Satellite Radar Interferometry (InSAR) and with data from Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments and seismometers deployed around the rift in response to the initial intrusion. These data show that a sequence of new dyke intrusions has reintruded the central and southern section of the Dabbahu segment. The first was in 2006 June and seven new dykes were emplaced by the end of 2007. Modelling of InSAR data indicates that the dykes were between 0.5 and 2 m wide, up to ∼10 km long and confined to the upper 10 km of crust. An intrusion in 2007 August was associated with a 5-km-long basaltic fissural eruption. During the new dyke injections, InSAR and GPS data show no subsidence at either of the volcanoes at the northern end of the segment, which partly fed the 2005 September dyke. Seismicity data imply that the dykes were probably fed from a source near the Ado'Ale Silicic Complex at the centre of the segment, but the lack of significant subsidence there implies that the source is very deep, or that there was minimal deflation at shallow magma sources. The new dykes are concentrated in an area where the 2005 dyke did not produce significant opening, implying that residual tensile tectonic stresses are higher in this location and are focusing the later intrusions. The sequence of dyke intrusions observed so far is similar to those seen in Iceland during the Krafla rifting episode, which lasted 9 yr from 1975 to 1984. It is likely that, with a continued magma supply, dykes will continue to be intruded until the tectonic stress is fully relieved. As observed at Krafla, eruptions are likely to become more common before the rifting episode is concluded.
Substance Dependence Among Bipolar, Unipolar Depression and Psychotic Homeless: A Canadian National Study

Introduction: Homeless individuals are often mischaracterized as members of a homogeneous population that suffers from a wide mental health and addiction issues, with little consideration of potentially important differences within or between samples. The aim of the present study was to investigate the comorbidy of alcohol and/or substance dependence (ASD) and major psychiatric diagnoses (bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, and psychotic disorder) in a large Canadian sample of homeless individuals, and to examine potential sources of variability including location and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: A sample of 1,585 homeless individuals were assessed for alcohol and/or substance dependence and bipolar disorder, unipolar depression and psychotic disorder with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (version 6.0). Regional and ethnic differences in major psychiatric diagnoses between homeless with and without ASD were examined using univariate (i.e., chi-square) and multivariate (i.e., logistic regression) statistics. Results: Members of the sample with ASD were found to be younger, Aboriginal, less well-educated, and born in the Americas. They were more significantly more prevalent in Western Canada and less prevalent in Central and Eastern Canada. The odds of having ASD were higher among people affected by bipolar disorder and (to a less extent) unipolar depression. Limitations: Data collected were self-reported and no urinalyses were performed. We considered diagnosis of ASD according to the previous 12 months only. Conclusions: Homeless people with major mental illness are at high risk for concurrent ASD, however the prevalence of ASD varies significantly between cities, and based on ethnicity and specific psychiatric diagnosis (with greater prevalence in individuals affected by bipolar disorder and, to a less extent, unipolar depression). Clinicians, administrators and policy makers should develop and deliver services based on careful assessment of the local population.
A Syntactic Way to Subjunctive

In this paper I’ll discuss the syntactic properties of the Italian subjunctive and their relevance at the syntax/semantics interface. The starting point will be the consideration that the subjunctive plays a characteristic role in sequence of tense phenomena. Languages that show the Double Access Reading —henceforth, DAR—with the indicative, in general do not exhibit it with the subjunctive. 1 In this work I’ll discuss the syntax associated with subjunctive—in particular, the syntax of the CP layer—and show that in DAR languages its properties systematically correlate with the temporal interpretation assigned to the embedded clause. I propose, following ideas by Giorgi and Pianesi (1997, 2004a), that this pattern can be explained by means of the following hypothesis: the CP layer, when the embedded clause has a DAR interpretation, contains a projection that is read off at the interface as pointing to the speaker’s (temporal and spatial) coordinate. In the other, non-DAR, cases such a projection is absent and therefore the speaker’s coordinate doesn’t intervene in the temporal interpretation of the embedded clause. Even if this suggestion cannot explain the whole of the subjunctive phenomena, it nevertheless opens the way to a better understanding of some empirical observations.
Radio Access Network Backhauling Using Power Line Communications

Nowadays, radio access networks (RANs) are moving toward a small cell-based paradigm, where the macro-cell antennas are aided by additional ones with lower coverage capabilities. This paradigm shift brings a new problem into the equation: a backhaul link is needed to carry the traffic from the small cell base stations to the network gateway. Currently, both wired and wireless solutions exist, but none is universally considered optimal. Power line communications (PLC) can be considered as a broadband access solution for this backhaul branch. Recent developments helped to push PLC performances to a point where state-of-the-art solutions can achieve very high-speed data transfers. Aided by traffic generation-based simulations, we will show how the PLC technology can be assessed for the described application. The reader will be guided through the process by discussing small cell networks, the power line infrastructure and basics of traffic generation modeling. The chapter will then discuss a quality-of-service (QoS)-driven analysis and use numerical results to show how requirements can be defined for the backhauling technology. Overall, this chapter will address how PLC and small cell network technologies can be brought together in a unified model to foster future small cell technology.
Modelling atmospheric flows

This article demonstrates how numerical methods for atmospheric models can be validated by showing that they give the theoretically predicted rate of convergence to relevant asymptotic limit solutions. This procedure is necessary because the exact solution of the Navier–Stokes equations cannot be resolved by production models. The limit solutions chosen are those most important for weather and climate prediction. While the best numerical algorithms for this purpose largely reflect current practice, some important limit solutions cannot be captured by existing methods. The use of Lagrangian rather than Eulerian averaging may be required in these cases.
Effect of Fermentation on the Nutritive Value Rumen Degradation Characteristics Available Fibrous Feeds

The study was conducted to determine the effect of fermentation with water on the nutritive value and rumen degradation characteristics of some locally available fibrous feeds. Nine (9) different rations were formulated based on the 60:40 ratio of energy to protein. The result of the proximate analysis showed that rations fermented with water recorded an increase in crude protein content which ranged from 7.12 to 13.60 % when compared to the control which varied from 6.51 to 10.89 %. Also the ash content increased when fermented with water (6.69 – 9.95 %), compared with the control of the rations (6.50 – 11.00 %). The nitrogen free extract values (43.33 – 53.17 %) increased when the rat were fermented with water (49.01 – 55.93 %). A decrease in crude fibre content (29.07 – 37.16 %) was observed when the rations were fermented (24.85 – 33.38 %). Ether extract, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre contents followed the same trend as that of crude fibre. The rate of dry matter disappearance of the control and the rations fermented increased with incubation time. Rations fermented with water had higher dry matter disappearance values at 96 hrs (59.45% 75.68%), while the control recorded the least values (55.16 70.95 %). The dry matter degradation after 48 hours was above 50% in the fermented formulations (50.49 66.17 %). The soluble dry matter fraction ‘a’ was highest in the fermented formulations (18.82 – 28.35 %) and lo the control (16.67 – 25.53 %). The insoluble but rumen degradable fraction “b” was highest in fermented formulations (31.10 – 55.54 %) and lowest in the control (30.94 – 52.59 %). The rate of degradation ‘c’ was recorded highest in fermented formulations (0.023/h lowest in the control (0.011/h – 0.031/h), while the potential degradability (a+b) was highest in fermented rations (59.45 75.68) and lowest in the control (55.16 – 70.95). In conclusion, the result of the study showed that fermentation with water had increased the crude protein content and degradability of the feedstuffs and would therefore improve intake and utilization by ruminant livestock.
Grounding line proximal sediment characteristics at a marine‐based, late‐stage ice stream margin

Geomorphological evidence suggests that ice streams undergo frequent dynamic changes towards the end of their life cycles, but the associated sedimentary characteristics and processes remain poorly understood. Here, we present new sedimentological data from a Late Weichselian marine‐based ice stream in upper Bjørnøyrenna, northern Barents Sea, which experienced accelerated flow, intense calving of large icebergs, ice stream stagnation, ice shelf formation and disintegration. Observed till characteristics support the idea of spatially and temporally variable basal drag underneath ice streams. In addition, fast flow may have been accommodated in dilatant deforming till as well as through basal sliding over sticky spots of stiffer till. The grounding zone is shown to be highly transient and spatially variable during the final ice stream readvances, thus making the categories subglacial/proglacial of little value. In line with previous radiocarbon dates, we find that uppermost Bjørnøyrenna was deglaciated before ∼11.3–12.0k cal a BP. Finally, the provenances for the latest ice stream advance and an older ice flow event are inferred based on a novel way of using element geochemistry, helping define ice dome configuration in the northern Barents Sea.
ANALYSIS OF REMANUFACTURING POLICY WITH CONSIDERATION FOR RETURNED PRODUCTS QUALITY

This paper deals with the product acquisition control problem and considers returned product quality with two types of classes. The system includes the flow of the product returns from customers to the factory as well as the forward flow of the sales. We formulate the acquisition problem together with product quality and stochastic demand using the Markov decision process. A numerical example is given to show the implementation of the methodology.
Partners or instruments: can the Compact guard the independence and autonomy of voluntary organisations?

Government’s use of voluntary organisations to deliver services, especially through the mechanisms of contracting and the welfare market, have raised concerns about the impact of government funding on the autonomy and special characteristics of voluntary organisations. This study investigates whether key actors from the voluntary and statutory sectors in two local authority areas perceive that the Compact on Relations between the Government and the Voluntary and Community Sector in England will be an effective guardian of voluntary organisations’ independence. It focuses specifically on three key dimensions: first, voluntary organisations’ ability to control who uses their service delivery programmes and how these programmes are run; second, organisational structures and stakeholder autonomy within voluntary organisations; and, third, the institutional and economic environment within which organisations seek funds. The study in fact finds little evidence of adverse impacts from government funding. There is some hope amongst voluntary sector respondents that local compacts will provide a general framework and philosophy to protect voluntary organisations’ independence, but considerable scepticism about practical effect and appropriate implementation. Significantly, compacts are perceived by statutory officers to have little role in moderating the ecological and institutional environment of the welfare market.
Opportunity and Challenge of 3D Printing-based Customized Design

With application of the 3D printing technology as a tool for prototyping, is it possible to accelerate 3D printed consumer products through customizing geometries, which is one of the objectives of design for additive manufacturing/3D printing? Through application of a pair of theoretical bases of Value Co-creation and Service Innovation, an integrated research was carried out to figure out opportunity and challenge of 3D printing-based customized design. Research of the online 3D co-creation cases demonstrates the model of this service type. An exploration study based on implementation of one service prototype, furthermore, develops insight into either effect or impact of 3D printing-based customized design on designer/service provider and customer. Keywords—customized design; 3D printing; co-creation; service innovation; mass customization
Term premium and equity premium in economies with habit formation

In this paper we investigate the size of the risk premium and the term premium in an representative agent exchange model economy where households preferences are subject to habit formation. As a novel feature, we develop theoretical measures for risk premium and term premium that can be used even when the consumption growth process is serially autocorrelated. We find that habit formation increases risk aversion significantly but increases much more the aversion to variations of consumption across dates. This induces a substantial increase in the precautionary demand of short term assets and a significant fall in the precautionary demand of long term assets. As a result, the term premium increases substantially with habit formation. Next we calibrate our model economy and examine the quantitative predictions of our theoretical measures of equity premium, risk premium and term premium. In line with previous literature, we show that it is possible to find a reasonable calibration for which the equity premium is that observed in the data. However, we find that around 70 percent of the equity premium is just term premium. That is, a very large fraction of the increase in the equity premium is due to the asymmetric effect that habit formation has on the precautionary demand of an asset depending on its maturity.
Counter-Rotating Open Rotor (CROR) : flow physics and simulation

Counter-rotating open rotor are currently being investigated within the frame of aircraft fuel burn and noise reduction. The vortex sheet shed by the front propeller interacts with the downstream blades, resulting in periodic fluctuations in the aft rotor blades forces. This interaction is a significant noise source and the study of this mechanism is required as a part of the design process for the next generation of open rotor. CFD computations of this problem have been performed and results are discussed from aerodynamic and aeroacoustic points of view. Mots clefs : Open Rotor ; Vortex dynamics ; Aeroacoustics
Performance of the parasitoid Praon volucre in Aulacorthum solani at five temperatures

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature on biological parameters of Praon volucre (Haliday) (Hymenoptera Braconidae) and to determine its thermal requirements with the aphid Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) (Rhynchota Aphididae) as host. Tests were carried out at 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 ± 1 °C, RH 70 ± 10% and 12h photophase. 24h-old mated P. volucre females without previous experience of oviposition were released into a Petri dish containing a leaf disc of lettuce on a water/agar layer (1%) and 20 second- and third-instar nymphs of A. solani. Percentages of mummification were highest at 18 °C (64%) and 20 °C (66%). Developmental time decreased as the temperature increased, ranging from 19.8 days at 18 °C to 12.3 days at 26 °C. Emergence rate was not affected by temperature and was between 79.6% and 93.4%. Sex ratios varied between 32% and 51% females, but did not differ significantly at the 5 temperatures. Adult longevity strongly decreased with increasing temperature in the range from 18 °C to 22 °C, but was similar in the range from 22 to 26 °C. A. solani had an average tibia length of 0.52 mm when oviposition by P. volucre took place, and 1.17 mm at mummification. Even though host size at mummification was not influenced by temperature, parasitoid size was negatively affected by higher temperatures. The threshold temperature for development was 4.5 °C and the thermal constant was 270 DD. Our findings indicate that P. volucre performs best at temperatures from 22 °C to 24 °C, and that a mixture of 2 nd and 3 rd instar nymphs of A. solani is adequate for rearing this parasitoid. This information helps optimization of parasitoid mass-rearing, and with timing of parasitoid releases to obtain establishment and synchronization with the host under greenhouse conditions.
Do nonreciprocal preference regimes increase exports

This paper investigates whether and to what extent nonreciprocal preference regimes have increased developing countries� exports to richer countries. Moreover, it analyzes how they have affected donors� exports to beneficiary countries. Using recent developments in the econometric analysis of the gravity equation over the period 1990-2008, we find robust evidence that, on the whole, nonreciprocal preference regimes and GSP schemes have had an economically significant effect on exports from developing countries. However, the estimation of catch-all dummies masks heterogeneous results for the individual schemes. Finally, we find that nonreciprocal regimes have also increased exports from donors to beneficiary countries.
THERMAL IMPEDANCE ESTIMATIONS BY SEMI-DERIVATIVES AND SEMI-INTEGRALS 1-D semi-infinite cases

Simple 1-D semi-infinite heat conduction problems enable to demonstrate the potential of the fractional calculus in determination of transient thermal impedances under various boundary conditions imposed at the interface (x=0). The approach is purely analytic and very effective because it uses only simple semi-derivatives (half-time) and semi-integrals and avoids development of entire domain solutions. 0x=
A Compact Multiband Proximity Coupled Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Multiple CSRR for Wireless Applications

This article presents the design of compact, multiband proximity coupled rectangular microstrip antenna (PCRMSA) with multiple ring complementary split ring resonator (MCSRR) loaded on the radiating plane. These antennas are proposed for multiband operation by using low cost FR4 dielectric material with antenna size of 35 × 35 × 3.2 mm. Microstrip antennas with compact size, enhanced bandwidth and multiband operation by using metamaterial have been a candidate for the requirement in various wireless communication applications. Hence, proximity coupled rectangular microstrip antenna with a number of complimentary split ring resonators is proposed. The circular and square shapes have been considered to design the rings. These designs are simulated by using IE3D simulation software version 14.65. The circular and square multiple ring CSRR is considered on the top patch and increasing number of CSRRs has made the study. The measured results show that antenna with six square CSRR on the radiating patch is resonating at seven different frequency points i.e., 1.90 GHz, 5.19 GHz,7.04 GHz, 8.08 GHz, 9.28 GHz, 11.21 GHz and 13.80 GHz, whereas, antenna without CSRR i.e., conventional proximity coupled rectangular microstrip antenna (PCRMSA) is resonating at 5.77 GHz. The virtual size reduction of 68.63% is achieved. These antennas find application in wireless communications.
Spatial Competition and Firms’ Location Decisions under Cost Uncertainty

This paper considers a two-staged Location-Price game a la Hotelling, where firms first choose their location in the linear city and then set the prices for their goods. A lack of information arises, because before choosing their location firms are not sure about the marginal cost of their good. However, they know the two possible outcomes and their probability of occurrence in advance. We conclude that contrary to the perfect information case, firms may agglomerate at any point in the city, given that the difference between the marginal cost outcomes is sufficiently high for either firm. Also, we conclude that prices are, on average, lower in perfect information. Regarding profits we conclude that in most cases both firms are better off with imperfect information than with perfect information, which contributes to explaining firms’ incentives to develop cost reduction activities, such as R&D.