Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tackling the informal economy in the European Union: a social actor approach

In recent years, participants in the informal economy have started to be viewed less as rational economic actors who engage in the informal economy when the pay-off is greater than the expected cost of being caught and punished, and more as social actors who engage when their tax morale (i.e., motivation to pay taxes) is low. To evaluate this new social actor approach and the implications for tackling the informal economy, this paper reports evidence from 41,689 face-to-face interviews conducted across the European Union. Multilevel logistic regression analysis reveals a strong association between participation in the informal economy and the level of tax morale. Finding that higher tax morale (and thus lower participation in the informal economy) is strongly correlated at the country-level with greater levels of state intervention and at the individual-level with characteristics such as gender, age, education and employment status, the outcome is to confirm a structuralist political economy explanation and refute the modernization and neo-liberal explanations and remedies, as well as to uncover the importance of some policy solutions not considered until now, including older citizens mentoring of younger people, and improving women’s participation in the labour force.
PRO-MINING: PRODUCT RECOMMENDATION USING WEB-BASED OPINION MINING

Effective recommendation is the key to success of any online marketing strategy. In this paper, we discuss the design and development of a novel recommendation system for consumer products. The proposed system helps the customer to select product of his choice. When a prospective customer passes a query (name of the item) as an input to our system, our system returns a ranked list of suitable brands, models available for a particular item as an output. For this purpose, our system performs meta-searching to find top products on the basis of collected opinion/information from user blogs, customer reviews, and official websites of the producing companies. Then, the available data along with links to its sources is passed to a group of users and their feedback is obtained. Since different users may provide different ranking of products on basis of their views/understanding of opinion data, we perform rank aggregation to obtain a consensus ranking of products. The products are then returned in the order of the aggregated ranking. In this paper, we also present a novel rank aggregation method for aggregation of partial lists.
An Automatic Approach Face Reconstruction using Single Face Image based on 2D-to-3D Transformation Kernel

Face authentication is a biometric classification method that verifies the identity of a user based on image of their face. Accuracy of the authentication is reduced when the pose, illumination and expression of the training face images is different than the testing image. The methods in this paper are designed to improve the accuracy of a features based face recognition system when the pose between the input image and training images are different. First, an efficient 2D-to-3D integrated face reconstruction approach is introduced to reconstruct a personalized 3D face model from a single frontal face image with neutral expression and normal illumination; Then, realistic virtual faces with different of pose are synthesized based on the personalized 3D face to characterize the face subspace; Finally, face recognition is conducted based on these representative virtual faces. Compared with other related works, this framework has the following advantages: 1) only one single frontal face is required for face recognition, which avoids the burdensome enrollment work; and, 2) the synthesized face samples provide the capability to conduct recognition under difficult conditions like complex pose, illumination and expression. From the experimental results show that the propose method improve the accuracy of face recognition with variant pose, illumination and expression.
Reintroduction of Bridled Nailtail Wallabies Beyond Fences at Scotia Sanctuary – Phase 1

Forty male bridled nailtail wallabies Onychogalea fraenata were translocated from an on-site captive breeding compound to two release areas beyond the 8000 ha conservation fences at Scotia Sanctuary (far western New South Wales) in late July 2010. We tested the hypothesis that site ﬁdelity (facilitated by spreading soil laden with female bridled nailtail wallaby odour at the release site) would increase survivorship by restricting animals to Scotia where intensive pest animal control has occurred. Two groups of ﬁfteen animals were ﬁtted with radio collars and released at the two areas (odour-added and odour-free) and monitored intensively for three months. Seven of the bridled nailtail wallabies survived this period, 19 died and four remain unaccounted for. Of the 19 that died, three were killed by introduced red foxes Vulpes vulpes, two by wedge-tailed eagles Aquila audax and one by a dingo/dog Canis lupus dingo. Two bridled nailtail wallabies died from pneumonia. The causes of death for the remaining 11 individuals are unknown. Following their release, 13 bridled nailtail wallabies remained on Scotia whilst the other 13 left the sanctuary (excluding the four that were censored). Those individuals that stayed on Scotia had much higher survival (46%) than the dispersers (8%). This result demonstrates the importance of encouraging the released animals to remain within the area that is subject to intensive predator control. The bridled nailtail wallabies were released at two sites: in an attempt to encourage site-philopatry we added soil laden with bridled nailtail wallaby urine and faeces at one of these sites. Males released here tended to travel less far, and had higher survival, than the males released at the ‘odour-free’ site. We believe the wandering males were searching for mating opportunities. Philopatry may be encouraged and survival increased if females are released with males in future phases of the project. We note that the bridled nailtail wallaby population in Scotia’s 8000 ha feral free area, and also in Scotia’s captive breeding colony, continued to increase during the initial three months of the translocation.
Enzymatic activity and organic substrates on a sandy beach of the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean) influenced by anthropogenic pressure

Enzymatic activities (leucine aminopeptidase, LA; β-glucosidase, BG; alkaline phosphatase, AP), their related substrates and the bacterial abundance and biomass were studied over 1 yr in 2 adjacent areas of a sandy beach: one occupied by the structures of a private swimming establishment and undergoing major reconstruction work (impacted area), and the other in a more natural area (reference area). Both areas were oligotrophic, characterised by low organic matter content (with a notable contribution from the autotrophic biomass) and low enzymatic activity values. Bacterial abundance did not show significant changes, either spatially or temporally, suggesting that they quickly overcame anthropogenic forcing and seasonal fluctuations under the environmental and trophic conditions. The absence of positive correlations between carbohydrates and enzymatic activities suggested the adverse influence of refractory organic matter. Nevertheless, when the environmental conditions were favourable and bacteria were supported by larger N inputs from the sea, the carbohydrate became a trophic resource, thus suddenly changing the enzyme ratios. A multivariate analysis highlighted the predominance of the seasonal over the anthropogenic influence, suggesting a rapid recovery in the impacted area. Nevertheless, changes were observed for the functional relationships between the parameters, in particular those related to the trophic quality of the organic material (lower in the impacted area) and the enzymatic hydrolysis. The coupling of LA and AP was generally tight in order to overcome the P deficiency and, in the impacted area, to overcome trophic limitations related to the input of inorganic debris and refractory organic materials.
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER AND FLOW STABILITY IN ROTATING DISK

The flow and heat transfer of NH3 and He have been studied in a rotating disk system with applications to chemical vapor deposition reactors. Influence of the important operating parameters were studied numerically over ranges of the primary dimensionless variables: the spin Reynolds number, Re,, the disk mixed convection parameter, MCPd and a new parameter, the wall mixed convection parameter, MCP,. Inlet velocities were set to the corresponding infinite rotating disk asymptotic velocity. Results were obtained primarily for NH3. Results show that increasing Re, from 314.5 to 3145 increases the uniformity of the rotating disk heat flux and results in thinner thermal boundary layers at the disk surface. At Re‘, = 314.5, increasing MCPd to 15 leads to significant departure from the infinite disk result with nonuniform disk heat fluxes and recirculating flow patterns. At Re, = 3145, the results are closer to the infinite disk for MCPd up to 15. For large values of MCP,, the flow recirculates and there is significant deviation from the infinite disk result. The influence of MCP, on flow stability is increased at larger MCPd and lower Re,. The results show that because of variable transport properties, the flow of NH3 is less stable than that of He as MCPd is increased for MCP, = 0 and Re, = 314.5.
A novel 3D printing method for cell alignment and differentiation

The application of bioprinting allows precision deposition of biological materials for bioengineering applications. Here we propose a 2 stage methodology for bioprinting using a back pressure-driven, automated robotic dispensing system. This apparatus can prepare topographic guidance features for cell orientation and then bioprint cells directly onto them. Topographic guidance features generate cues that influence adhered cell morphology and phenotype. The robotic dispensing system was modified to include a sharpened stylus that etched on a polystyrene surface. The same computer-aided design (CAD) software was used for both precision control of etching and bioink deposition. Various etched groove patterns such as linear, concentric circles, and sinusoidal wave patterns were possible. Fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were able to sense the grooves, as shown by their elongation and orientation in the direction of the features. The orientated MSCs displayed indications of lineage commitment as detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. A 2% gelatin bioink was then used to dispense cells onto the etched features using identical, programmed co-ordinates. The bioink allows the cells to contact sense the pattern while containing their deposition within the printed pattern.The application of bioprinting allows the precision deposition of biological material for bioengineering applications. Here we propose a 2 stage methodology for bioprinting using a back pressure driven automated robotic dispensing system. This apparatus can prepare topographic guidance features for cell orientation and then bioprint cells directly to them. Topographic guidance features generate cues that influence adhered cell morphology and phenotype. The robotic dispensing system was modified to include a sharpened stylus that etched a polystyrene surface. The same CAD software was used for both precision control of etching and bioink deposition. Various etched groove patterns were possible, such as linear, concentric circles and sinusoidal wave patterns. Fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) could sense the grooves, elongating and orientating themselves in the direction of the features, with the MSCs displaying indications of lineage commitment. A 2% gelatin bioink was then used to dispense cells onto the etched features using identical programmed co-ordinates. The bioink allows the cells to contact sense the pattern while containing their deposition within the printed pattern.
Correlation between brine shrimp test (BST) and some bioassays using Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and Wild custard-apple (Annona senegalensis Pers)

The leaves of Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) and Wild custard-apple (Annona senegalensis Pers) were extracted using ethanol and extracts were screened for bioactivity against brine shrimp larvae. The bioactive extracts in the brine shrimp test (BST) were investigated for correlation with aphid nematode and insect-deterrent bioassays. The BST correlated statistically with insect-deterrent bioassay in both plants (having a product moment correlation of ɤxy = 0.9387) while there is no correlation with aphid assay. No extract was found active against nematodes.
Does contract farming improve productivity and income of farmers?: A review of theory and evidence

The share of agriculture in the gross domestic product of (GDP) in many countries has been declining. Yet agriculture still plays an important role in many developing country economies as the sector is a source of employment for an estimated 60 to 70 percent of the population in most developing countries. Most agricultural production in developing countries is associated with low productivity and poor income due to high dependence on subsistence farming with minimal technology as well as poor access to markets. Contract farming is believed to improve productivity and income because it facilitates coordination between farmers and other actors in terms of production, processing and marketing of agricultural products. The effect of contract farming on income and productivity has been a subject of increasing research but most of the available information is aggregated and there is lack of detail analysis on the mechanisms of the effects. We conducted a systematic literature review of contract farming studies using keyword search strategy Econlit, Scopus and Science Direct search engines. The keywords “contract”, “farming”, “contract farming” were used in combination with the words “income”, “productivity”, “quantitative”, “qualitative”, “agriculture”, “aquaculture”, “developing”, “developed” and “country”. Initially a selection criteria for the potential studies were defined and used by the authors separately to select and rank 20 studies by importance. In the second round, the authors were provided with their own rankings as well as with the results of the first round for others. A revision of ranking was requested. Based on this approach a shortlist of 23 studies emerged; 11 on the impact of contract farming on productivity and 12 were on the effects of contract farming on income of producers. We conduct an in depth analyses of the selected studies and present evidence on the effect of contract farming on farmer productivity and income. Almost all the selected studies analyzing the impact of contract farming on income argue that farmers’ on contract farming schemes experienced some increase in their income.
Cultural variation and the psychological contract

Literature on the psychological contract has made significant contributions to our understanding of the exchange relationship between employees and their employer. However, the influence of cultural differences on perceptions of the employment relationship has largely been neglected. We propose both cognitive and motivational mechanisms through which the cultural profiles of individuals influence (a) formation of the psychological contract, (b) perceptions of violations of the psychological contract, and (c) responses to perceived violations. General mechanisms for the influence of culture on the psychological contract are followed by specific examples of the influence of individualism and collectivism. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proactive Approach for Biofouling Control: Consequence of Chlorine on the Veliger Larvae of Mytilus edulis under Laboratory Condition

Macro fouling due to blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) has affected negatively on the operation efficiency and eventual system failure of offshore structures and coastal power stations. A certain range of chlorine (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 mg/L) was applied on the mussel larvae to identify the survival rate with respect to various exposure times under laboratory condition. The ciliary movement of the larvae was used to check their survival. The 1.0 mg/L of chlorine shows to 97% of larvae mortality whereas 0.7 mg/L of chlorine shows only 16% of larvae mortality. Minimum exposure times for 100% larvae mortality ranged from 300 to 20 min for increasing concentrations of chlorine (0.05~1.0 mg/L). It was found that 1 mg/L of chlorine was 4 times more efficient than 0.7 mg/L of that, and 15 times more than 0.05 mg/L of chlorine dose. Data collected and analyzed here will help plant operators to optimize chlorine dosage and its scheduling.
Using Side Scan Sonar Instrument for Seabed Identification with Pattern Discrete Equi Spaced Unshaded Line Array (Pdesula) Model

Side Scan Sonar (SSS) is a sonar system development instrument which has the capability to show the images of the two-dimensional surface of the seabed by contour conditions, topography, and the target simultaneously. The Beam Pattern Discrete–equi-spaced unshaded Line Array Method was used to compute the two-dimensional beam pattern which depends on the angle of the incoming sound waves from the axis of the array were accepted have been depending on the angle at which the sound beam array. This research was conducted in December 2016 in the Punggur Sea, Batam, Riau Islands-Indonesia, and its coordinate system is 104°08,7102 E and 1°03,2448 N until 1°03.3977 N and 104°08,8133 E, using Side Scan Sonar Tow C-Max CM2 fish instruments with a frequency of 325 kHz. The recorded results show that there are 7 targets, and Beam pattern of Discrete-Beam Equi-Spaced unshaded Line Array method in target 4 has the highest value in the directivity pattern is 21.08 dB. The results of the beam pattern model show that neither the central value at the incidence angle (o) of the Directivity Pattern (dB) were not at the 0 (zero) or the beam pattern central have been generated by the target 6 with incident angle -1.5° and 1.5°. And also based on the Discrete-method result Beam Equi-Spaced Unshaded Line Array method was discovered the sunken wreck. In addition, it has declined by 40 dB. The bottom sediment in the Punggur Sea was founded the highly concentrate of the sand.
Explanatory Notes, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 95, New Jersey Transect

These explanatory notes are intended to aid the reader in understanding the Leg 95 site chapters that follow. Although the Leg 95 shipboard party generally followed standard Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) procedures, every DSDP cruise has procedural peculiarities that result from the personalities and interests of the shipboard scientists and from the overall scientific objectives. This chapter outlines standard DSDP shipboard procedures and details Leg 95 deviations from them.
Market Orientation, New Product Development and New Product Performance: A Model and Test

This paper aims at proposing, and empirically examining, a new model for studying the effect of market orientation over new product performance. While most available research has addressed such effect directly, without reaching conclusive results, the paper introduces a model suggesting that market orientation affects new product performance indirectly- through its effect over the New Product Development (NPD) process. To assess the proposed model and its associated hypotheses, structural path analysis was conducted on data collected from a sample of 335 manufacturing organizations registered in Jordan Industrial Estates Corporation (JIEC). Empirical results underlined that the three components of market orientation (i.e. customer orientation, competitor orientation, inter-functional coordination) had a direct significant effect over NPD process. On the other hand, NPD process had a direct effect over new product customer performance, while it had an indirect effect over new product financial performance. Based on the paper’s empirical findings, several conclusions were drawn. Furthermore, several managerial implications were suggested, while the limitations of this paper and future research avenues were also addressed.
Differentiated social interactions in the US schooling race gap

I show how differences in the schooling achievement of white and nonwhite teenagers across US cities can be explained in a context where teenagers have different values of their interactions with individuals belonging to their same racial group versus individuals belonging to other racial groups. Following an approach of differences in conditional variances, I establish the conditions for the identification of the coefficient of differences in social interactions. Using the US census data, I find that teenagers within a city place more value on the decisions of teenagers in their same racial group than to teenagers in different racial groups.
Self-Management Education and its Association with Resilience in Diabetic Patients

iabetes is one of the most important risk factors of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated nearly 1.5 million people have died directly due to diabetes in 2012 (1). According to the projection of World Health Organization, diabetes will stand at the 7 th position of global death causes in the year 2030 (2). Moreover, diabetes can be a detrimental factor, affecting different parts of the body and contributing to micro and macro vascular complications (3). Although, it is well known that lowering of blood glucose to near normal could prevent future diabetes complications, most patients have a great difficulty to achieve an acceptable level of blood glucose (4). One factor that is considered to be correlated with poor control of glucose level in diabetic patients is diseaseD 1. MA, Specialist in Counseling and Guidance, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. 2. MD, Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, Health Services Division, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran 3. MD. Community Medicine Specialist. Deputy for Health Affairs, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.