Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data Security Using Nested Randomization and Lossless Compression Techniques

Data Security plays a major role in the digital era. However, the data stored in internet clouds of various industrial servers, still we have the issues of data theft and fraudulent activities. Which brings out the innovation of adaptive and novel techniques for better data security in securing and providing very high privacy to the data stored in unanimous servers. This paper proposes a novel approach, which enables to generate a crypt image incorporating multiple gray images in special domain. It involves steganography of eight 8-bit images into a single 32bit crypt image For this process we are undergoing segmentation of the resulted merged image. That segmented image is shuffled using Nested Image Randomization Technique. Here we have used Lossless Predictive coding compression technique for better compression and retrieval of image without loss. After steganography, shuffle and compression operations are applied on eight images, we obtain an image, which has become very hard to be identified. This shows that our approach can protect the privacy of images, which makes image could be stored to public cloud. In addition, people may still be able to see the compressed image even though they have never extract the original images. Data security is applied for improving the security.
Sensitivity of Mechanism to Barrier Layer Thickness

Barrier-layer-mediated Electron Transfer from Semiconductor Electrodes to Molecules in Solution. Sensitivity of Mechanism to Barrier Layer Thickness Jason R. Avila, Michael J. Katz, Omar K. Farha, †,‡ and Joseph T. Hupp Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7 Canada
Incidence of acute bee paralysis virus, black queen cell virus, chronic bee paralysis virus, deformed wing virus, Kashmir bee virus and sacbrood virus in honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Denmark

Samples of adult honey bees from apiaries with unusually high winter mortality and brood from hives with symptoms of disease were tested for presence of acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV) and sacbrood virus (SBV) by RT-PCR. All six viruses were detected, but the frequencies varied significantly: SBV was detected in 78 apiaries, DWV in 55, ABPV in 11, CBPV in 4, BQCV in 1 and KBV in 1. This is the first record of KBV in Denmark. A large majority of the bee samples were infected with one or more viruses. Single, dual and triple infections were observed. Nucleotide sequences of the PCR products from each virus were determined and found to be 98–99% identical to GenBank accessions except CBPV, which was only 88–90% identical to known CBPV sequences.ZusammenfassungNeuere Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von Bienenviren unter Verwendung molekulargenetischer Diagnosemethoden wurden in Europa lediglich in Frankreich und Deutschland durchgeführt. Um auch für Dänemark einen detaillierten Überblick zu erhalten, wurden adulte Honigbienen von Bienenständen mit außergewöhnlich hoher Wintermortalität sowie Brutwaben von Bienenvölkern mit Krankheitssymptomen mittels RT-PCR auf folgende Viruserkrankungen hin untersucht: Akute-Bienenparalyse-Virus (ABPV), Schwarze-Königinnenzellen-Virus (BQCV), Kaschmir-Bienen-Virus (KBV), Chronische-Bienenparalyse-Virus (CBPV), Verkrüppelte-Flügel-Virus (DWV) und Sackbrut-Virus (SBV). Die verwendeten Primer und RT-PCR-Verfahren wurden der Literatur entnommen. Alle Proben wurden auf das Vorkommen aller sechs Bienenviren hin analysiert. Um die PCR-Produkte eindeutig zu identifizieren, wurden repräsentative Proben sequenziert und die Sequenzen gegen die GenBank-Datenbank geblasted.Insgesamt wurden 96 Bienenstände auf das Vorkommen der sechs Bienenviren hin untersucht. Alle sechs Viren wurden nachgewiesen, allerdings in sehr unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit. SBV wurde in 78, DWV in 55, ABPV in 11, CBPV in 4 und BQCV sowie KBV in einem Bienenstand festgestellt. Die Mehrzahl der Bienenproben war von mehr als einem Bienenvirus befallen, wobei Einzel-, Doppel- und Tripelbefall vorkamen. Die Nukleotidsequenzen der PCR-Produkte aller Viren waren zu 98–99% identisch mit den GenBank-Sequenzen mit Ausnahme von CBPV, der lediglich eine Übereinstimmung von 88–90% zu den bekannten CBPV-Sequenzen aufwies. Die Häufigkeit der sechs Bienenviren in Dänemark unterscheidet sich erheblich von den Ergebnissen aus anderen europäischen Ländern. Im Gegensatz zu diesen Ländern war SBV am meisten verbreitet, gefolgt von DWV. Außerdem war die Häufigkeit von ABPV, BQCV und CBPV deutlich geringer als sonst beschrieben. KBV wurde erstmals in Dänemark nachgewiesen und erweitert die bisherigen Funde von KBV aus fünf anderen europäischen Ländern.
Activation of the alternative complement pathway by L-phase variants of gram-positive bacteria

The present studies were performed to investigate the potential role of the alternative complement pathway in the host's defense against bacterial L-phase variants and to gain insight into the subcellular component of gram-positive bacteria responsible for activation of the alternative pathway. L-phase variants of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis were able to activate the alternative pathway and consume C3 in C4-deficient guinea pig serum in amounts comparable to their respective bacterial-phase parent organisms. Activation of the complement system via the alternative pathway resulted in death of the L-phase variants. Membranes prepared from S. faecalis L-phase variants, by either osmotic lysis or mechanical disruption, retained their ability to activate the alternative pathway. Treatment of the membranes by three different methods (water washes, hot trichloroacetic acid, and cold trichloroacetic acid) resulted in a greatly diminished ability of the membranes to activate the alternative pathway. In addition, the extracts derived from the membranes by water washes and by cold-trichloroacetic acid treatment were able to activate the alternative pathway. These studies indicate that these L-phase variants can activate the alternative pathway and suggest that membrane-associated factors play a role in the alternative pathway activation by S. faecalis L-phase variants.
Algorithmic Social Sciences Research Unit ASSRU Discussion Paper Series 6 – 2018 / I Human and Machine Learning

In this paper, we consider learning by human beings and machines in the light of Herbert Simon’s pioneering contributions to the theory of Human Problem Solving. Using board games of perfect information as a paradigm, we explore di↵erences in human and machine learning in complex strategic environments. In doing so, we contrast theories of learning in classical game theory with computational game theory proposed by Simon. Among theories that invoke computation, we make a further distinction between computable and computational or machine learning theories. We argue that the modern machine learning algorithms, although impressive in terms of their performance, do not necessarily shed enough light on human learning. Instead, they seem to take us further away from Simon’s lifelong quest to understand the mechanics of actual human behaviour.
Evaluation of The Physico-Chemical Characteristics , Minerals And Heavy Metals In Wild And Cultivated Variety Of Aegle Marmelos ( L ) Correa Leaves

Background: Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa belonging to family Rutaceae known in India from Vedic or prehistoric times is an important medicinal plant of India. There is wide genetic variability in terms of quality, form and size of the fruit. Aegle marmelos leaves are used as anti-diabetes agent in Ayurveda, Unani & Siddha Systems of Medicine Materials and Methods: Aegle Marmelos leaves from the two varieties namely wild variety from Gir Somnath forest and newly cultivated variety “Goma yashi” were analysed chemically for proximate composition, available protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, mineral content and heavy metals. The values for the physico-chemical constituents and minerals is reported in percentage and heavy metals is reported in ppm. Results: The wild variety was superior to the cultivated variety in terms of nutritional components like carbohydrates, protein, fiber, moisture content, ash content and many of the trace elements like Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, Vanadium, Gold etc. However heavy metals like lead, arsenic, merc ury and cadmium were not detected in either of the variety proving it to be non-toxic. Conclusions: From the present study it is concluded that presence of various inorganic trace elements could account for the hypoglycaemic nature of the plant. Further, the data obtained on individual element concentration in the plant will be useful in deciding the dosage of herbal drugs prepared from this plant material for the management of diabetes-related metabolic disorders. The wild variety can further be exploited to isolate the bioactive constituents for its therapeutic claim.
CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF JOINTED PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE USING 40-YEARS OF CONDITION EVALUATION DATA

Georgia is considered to have one of the best concrete pavement design and materials in the U.S. Designs for joint plain concrete pavement (JPCP) have evolved over time. Analysis of long-term pavement condition data is still very necessary for evaluating the actual performance of different pavement designs and rehabilitation strategies to better understand the actual performance. Since the 1960s, various designs of jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP), including non-doweled pavement on a soil or soil cement base (ND), non-doweled pavement on an improved base (ND-IB), and doweled pavement on an improved base (D-IB), have been constructed at different periods of time on interstate highways in Georgia with the expectation of improving pavement performance and life. This paper presents a critical assessment of long-term performance of JPCP using 40-years of pavement condition data collected by the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) to quantitatively evaluate the actual performance of different JPCP designs. Pavement service life, i.e., time to reach the first major concrete pavement restoration, was analyzed using statewide data (837 survey-lanemiles of JPCPs). The service life of ND, ND-IB, and D-IB is an average of 17, 21 and 25 years, respectively, which shows a 47% improvement in the serve life of D-IB. Analyses of the traffic and distress data were conducted on selected projects. Results show all three categories of JPCP designs outperformed the designed equivalent single axle loads (ESALs), and they carried approximately two to three times the number of the designed ESALs. ND, ND-IB, and D-IB projects carried 18 million ESALs in 23 years, 22 million ESALs in 20 years, and 30 million ESALs in 33 years, respectively. In summary, the later designs have improved pavement service life, in terms of years and the accumulated ESALs, especially with the introduction of dowel bar use. In addition, the actual ESALs for all designs have exceeded the expected/design ESALs. The findings in this study reveal the actual JCCP performance and provide pavement engineers a better understanding of the long-term performance of JPCP.
PolyRNN : Polygon-based Instance Segmentation with Recurrent Neural Networks

Instance segmentation is the task of annotating each region in an image as belonging to a specific instance of an object. In this work we present a novel method for addressing this challenge that instead of dense pixel predictions, produces sequences of vertices defining polygons enclosing individual object instances. Our model uses a convolutional neural network to extract features from an input image that are subsequently fed into a recurrent neural network which predicts polygon vertices one at a time. We experiment with artificial datasets and show initial promising results that suggest our proposed architecture is a suitable approach to the instance segmentation problem.
Frequency range of stable dielectric-barrier discharges in atmospheric He and N/sub 2/

While there have been extensive studies of nonthermal atmospheric dielectric-barrier discharges (DBD), many key facets of their characteristics remain to be unraveled before their full understanding is achieved. One of the missing pieces in our current knowledge is the dependence of stable DBD production upon temporal characteristics of the applied voltage such as excitation frequency. In this contribution, we report a numerical investigation of the frequency range for the generation of stable DBD and that of likely mechanisms for disruption of DBD stability. We show that when the excitation frequency is too low, an irreversibly large mismatch of the rise-time occurs between the applied voltage and the memory voltage. It is demonstrated that this mismatch results in a rapid suppression of the gas voltage and as such, the generated DBD is quenched prematurely. Also, it is shown that when the excitation frequency is too high, most electrons produced in the plasma bulk become trapped in the interelectrode gap and are unable to reach the electrodes. As a result, the gas voltage increases without being contained adequately by a sizeable memory voltage. Again, this leads to premature plasma quenching. These observations highlight the importance of the dynamic balance between the applied voltage and the memory voltage in dielectric-barrier discharges. We compare the above issues in both a helium DBD and a nitrogen DBD and report that our findings of the two stability disruption mechanisms are generic in different DBD systems.
A Cultural Content Analysis on the Websites of Turkish Companies

Websites provide a positive impact on both firms’ access to large customer masses and on their performance and profitability, by easing the distribution, promotion, sales and marketing of services/products. Having websites is a necessity for the businesses today. A large number of studies were conducted in the recent years about the influence of the culture concept on the designs of websites; however most of these studies include countries that represent the Western culture. The purpose of this study is to stress the importance of cultural values in website designs in terms of managerial applications, and to review to what extend the websites of businesses in Turkey reflect the cultural values of Turkish culture. In order to realize this purpose, cultural content analyses were conducted for the websites of first 250 businesses of Turkey in Fortune list, by using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions.
Linking Differential Equations to Social Justice and Environmental Concerns Article 7 2-13-2019 The Mathematics of Gossip

How does a lie spread through a community? The purpose of this paper is two-fold: to provide an educational tool for teaching Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) and sensitivity analysis through a culturally relevant topic (fake news), and to examine the social justice implications of misinformation. Under the assumption that people are susceptible to, can be infected with, and recover from a lie, we model the spread of false information with the classic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model. We develop a system of ODEs with lie-dependent parameter values to examine the pervasiveness of a lie through a community. The model presents the opportunity for the education of ODEs in a classroom setting through a creative application. The model brings a socially and culturally relevant topic into the classroom, allowing students who may not relate with purely technical examples to connect with the material. Including diverse perspectives in the discussion and development of mathematics and engineering will enable creative and differing approaches to the worlds’ problems.
Androgen and Its Receptor Promote Bax-Mediated Apoptosis

ABSTRACT Androgen and its receptor (AR) have been reported to have pro- or antiapoptotic functions. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. We report here that androgen and AR promote Bax-mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. UV irradiation and ectopic expression of Bax induce apoptosis in AR-positive, but not AR-negative prostate cancer cells. UV- and Bax-induced apoptosis is abrogated in AR-positive cells that express small interference RNA (siRNA) of AR and is sensitized by reintroduction of AR into AR-negative cells. Although AR is able to promote Bax-mediated apoptosis independently of androgen, the promotion by AR can be further potentiated by androgen via AR-dependent transcription activation. AR is essential for the translocation of Bax to mitochondria in UV- or Bax-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of Bax expression by Bax siRNA suppresses UV-induced apoptosis in AR-positive cells. In addition, introduction of AR into AR-negative prostate cancer cells upregulates expression levels of the BH3-only protein Noxa, whereas inhibition of Noxa expression reduces the promotion by AR on UV-induced apoptosis. Thus, our results reveal a novel cross talk between the androgen/AR hormonal signaling pathway and the intrinsic apoptotic death pathway that determines the sensitivity of stress-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
Performance of ionomeric cement (Ionocem®) in the reconstruction of the posterior meatal wall after curative middle-ear surgery

Abstract The hybrid bone-substitute ionomeric cement is suitable for restoring the original anatomy of the posterior canal wall. During a four-year period the posterior meatal wall was rebuilt with ionomeric cement in 74 patients. The canal wall was totally rebuilt in38 patients, two-thirds rebuilt in 22 cases, and one-third rebuilt in14 cases. On the meatal side, the canal wall was covered by a musculo-periosteal (Palva) flap. In the majority of cases, the drum was closed with (cartilage)-perichondrium. Revisions were performed in 27 patients (due partially to cholesteatoma, and/or poor visualization of radical mastoidectomy cavities). The ears were non-infected at thetime of operation. Permanent epithelialization of the bone replacement material was achieved in 57 cases, with secondary closure of a cutaneous defect of the meatal wall being required in six cases. The auditory canal wall had to be removed in 17 patients owing to deficient soft-tissue coverage, persistent inflammation, and/or partial adhesive processes with development of cholesteatoma. In terms of surgical technique, utilization of the material over a follow-up period of maximally seven years proved it to be a sophisticated procedure for reconstructing themeatal wall. Despite the finesse of the surgical technique employed, the overall failure rate of 31 per cent was inadmissibly high. Implantation of the material should therefore be restricted to middle ears with permanent ventilation and no trace of infection.
2-D Analytical Investigation of the Parameters and the Effects of Magnetization Patterns on the Performance of Coaxial Magnetic Gears

: In this Paper, a 2-D analytical model has been presented for coaxial magnetic gears. Based on Maxwell’s equations the extracted model has been obtained via the solution of the Laplace and Poisson equations by using the separation of variable technique for each sub-region (internal and external magnets, internal and external air-gap and slots). Then the integral coefficients of the general solutions have been obtained by using the boundary conditions and continuity between sub-regions. The proposed analytical model can be used as a tool for design and optimization of magnetic gears. The influences of the number of pole-pair, the magnetization pattern, the size of slot-opening and the segment ratio of the two-segment Halbach pattern on the transmitted torque and unbalanced magnetic forces (UMFs) have been analytically investigated. Finally, to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed model, the analytical results of the magnetic field distribution, transmitted torque and unbalanced magnetic force have been compared with those obtained from finite element analyses.
A model to predict quality of a reduced ontology for Web service discovery on mobile devices

Abstract As Web Services and the Semantic Web become more important, enabling technologies such as Web service ontologies will grow larger. At the same time, use of mobile devices to access Web services has doubled in the last year. The ability of these resource-constrained devices to download and reason across ontologies to support service discovery are severely limited. Since concrete agents typically only needs a subset of what is described in a Web service ontology to complete their task, a reduced ontology can be created. Measuring the quality of a reduced ontology, in both knowledge content and performance, is a nontrivial task. Expert analysis of the ontologies is time-consuming and unreliable. We propose two measures of knowledge content and performance. Mean average recall (MAR) with respect to the original ontology compares the data returned from a series of queries related to a particular concept of interest. Mean average performance (MAP) compares the download and reasoning speedup of the reduced ontology with respect to the original ontology. Neither of these values can be computed easily, therefore we propose a set of ontology metrics to predict these values. In this paper, we develop two prediction models for MAR and MAP based on these metrics. These models are based on analysis of 23 ontologies from five domains. To compute MAR, a specific set of queries for each domain was applied to each candidate reduced ontology along with the original ontology. To compute MAP, a simulated mobile device will download and process of each ontology along with the original ontology. We believe this model allows a speedy selection of a reduced ontology that contains the knowledge content and performance speedup needed by a mobile device for service discovery.
EVALUATION OF GENETIC VARIATION AMONG SATUREJA GENOTYPES USING RAPD MOLECULAR MARKERS AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

In this study, using morphological traits and 15 RAPD primers, genetic diversity of 24 satureja genotypes were assessed. There were significant differences among genotypes in all traits. Based on RAPD data, 100 bands were detected and from these 100 bands, 81 bands were polymorph. The mean numbers of bands were 6.7 per primer. According to similarity matrix of molecular and Euclidean distances of morphological data, similarities ranged between 0.61-0.94 (RAPD marker), and 0.38-092 (morphological traits). Based on molecular data the highest similarities belonged to genotypes number F11, F72 (0.94, RAPD marker). Based on morphological traits, the highest similarities belonged to genotypes number A2, B35 and C11, E6 (92%). Cluster analysis showed that the distinctions based on morphological traits did not confirm the distinction based on molecular data. A dendrogram was prepared on the basis of a similarity matrix using the UPGMA algorithm and separated the 24 genotypes into four groups. Our results also indicate that RAPD approach and morphological analysis seemed to be best-suited for fingerprinting and assessing genetic relationships in Satureja genotypes with high accuracy. results showed that RAPD markers could be useful tools for investigating genetic diversity in species of Satureja speciesp.