Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Physical Fitness in Korean Police Officers: Focus on Results between 2014 to 2019

The profession of a police officer is physically demanding [1]. Although police officers frequently perform tasks sitting down, they have to quickly chase and apprehend criminals when necessary while carrying protective personal equipment, such as weapons, expandable batons, and body armor [2]. When criminals resist arrest, the officers have to overpower and place them in handcuffs or perform other tasks to protect the general public from danger [2,3]. If police officers cannot perform these tasks, it can have a negative effect on the general public, who depend on them for their safety and protection [4]. Therefore, police officers must be physically fit to successfully perform their duties which involve physical tasks [5-7]. For this reason, Korean police officers undergo an annual physical fitness test; the records are stored and used as a reference for career promotion [8]. Additionally, the range of the interests of sports scientists has recently expanded to include tactical populations such as police officers [9]. These trends can be observed in reports by the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) [10-14]. The NSCA developed the ‘Tactical Strength and Conditioning (TSAC) program’ for tactical populations [10], and several studies have been published on the physical fitness of police officers [1114]. These studies have highlighted the need for education on the importance and positive effects of physical fitness for police officers [5], as well as the need for training programs to improve and maintain physical fitORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN(Print) : 1226-1726 ISSN(Online) 2384-0544
Clinical observation of 65 cases of chronic gastritis treated by Chinese medicine

Objective To observe the advantages of Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic gastritis.Methods Sixty-five cases of chronic gastritis were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group in which 33 cases were treated by Chinese medicine on syndrome differentiation and control group in which 32 cases were treated by routine western medicine,with a course of four weeks.The clinical efficacy and syndrome scores were observed before and after treatment.Results The total syndrome scores of the two groups were decreased markedly after treatment(P0.01),with more significant decrease in the treatment group than in the control group(P0.05). The total effective rate was 93.9% in the treatment group,higher than 84.3% in the control group(P0.05). The treatment group had better effect than control group in the improvement of after-meal abdominal distention,fatigue,limb weakness and insomnia(P0.05),while the control group had better effects than treatment group in the relief of epiagstric pain(P0.05). Conclusion Chinese medicine and westen medicine have some advantages in the treatment of chronic gastritis,but Chinese medicine is better than western medicine in the improvement of syndromes.
Damgalama (Stigma) Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi, Ge- çerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

The purpose of this study is to develop an instrument that measures the overall tendency of psychological stigma. When we examined stigma measuring scales, we can say that majority of stigma scales were developed to measure stigma of mental illnesses. This study is expected to contribute to the field because stigma is experienced by an individual or group in many dimensions of daily life. Individuals have shaped their value judgments and point of view by configuring life experiences, acquired conditionings by family and society since childhood. At the end of childhood, individuals have been acquired stereotypic judgments to evaluate events, any group of people or other individuals without realizing own stereotypic judges. In this sense, awareness of stereotypic judgments and getting rid of these judgments require an individual to be psychologically strong. In fact, “rights” and “wrongs” of adults are societies’ “rights” and “wrongs”. *Assoc. Prof. Dr., Sakarya Universiti Faculty of Education Address for correspondence: Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü Hendek, Sakarya. E-mail: eyaman@sakarya.edu. tr **Teacher, Misak-I Milli Primary School / Zonguldak E-mail: halime_gngr@yahoo.com
Relation Between Iatrogenic Subcutaneous Emphysema And Fat Tissue Remodeling Induced By CO2 Gas

To investigate the acute effects of CO2 injection, two different animal experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, mice were punctured in the left groin using a needle without gas, and the right groin was injected with 1cc of CO2. In experiment 2, mice were injected with 1cc of breathable air and 1cc of CO2 was injected into the left and right groin. At 6 hours post injection, adipose tissues were collected, and then examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Transcription level of genes associated with lipogenesis, angiogenesis and fibrosis were also measured using qPCR.
The carbon footprint of a Malaysian tropical reservoir: measured versus modeled estimates highlight the underestimated key role of downstream processes

Abstract. Reservoirs are important sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere and their number is rapidly increasing, especially in tropical regions. Accurately predicting their current and future emissions is essential but hindered by fragmented data on the subject, which often fail to include all emission pathways (diffusion, ebullition, degassing, and downstream emissions) and the high spatial and temporal flux variability. Here we conducted a comprehensive sampling of Batang Ai reservoir (Malaysia), and compared field-based versus modeled estimates of its annual carbon footprint for each emission pathway. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) diffusive fluxes were higher in upstream reaches. Reducing spatial and temporal sampling resolution resulted in up to 64 and 28 % change in flux estimate respectively. Most GHGs present in discharged water were degassed at the turbines, and the remainder were gradually emitted along the outflow river, leaving time for CH4 to be partly oxidized to CO2. Overall, the reservoir emitted 2639 g CO2 eq m−2 yr−1, with 90 % occurring downstream of the dam, mostly in the form of CH4. These emissions, largely underestimated by predictions, are mitigated by CH4 oxidation upstream and downstream of the dam, but could have been drastically reduced by slightly raising the water intake elevation depth. CO2 diffusion and CH4 ebullition were lower than predicted, whereas modeled CH4 diffusion was accurate. Investigating latter discrepancies, we conclude that exploring morphometry, soil type, and stratification patterns as predictors can improve modeling of reservoir GHG emissions at local and global scales.
There is no such thing as the ‘ Ediacara Biota ’ Breandán

The term ‘Ediacara Biota’ (or many variants thereof) is commonly used to refer to certain megascopic fossils of Precambrian and early Palaeozoic age e but what does the term actually mean? What differentiates a non-Ediacaran ‘Ediacaran’ and an Ediacaran ‘Ediacaran’ from an Ediacaran non-‘Ediacaran’? Historically, the term has been used in either a geographic, stratigraphic, taphonomic, or biologic sense. More recent research and new discoveries, however, mean that the term cannot actually be defined on any of these bases, or any combination thereof. Indeed, the term is now used and understood in a manner which is internally inconsistent, and unintentionally implies that these fossils are somehow distinct from other fossil assemblages, which is simply not the case. Continued use of the term is a historical relic, which has led in part to incorrect assumptions that the ‘Ediacara Biota’ can be treated as a single coherent group, has obscured our understanding of the biological change over the PrecambrianeCambrian boundary, and has confused research on the early evolution of the Metazoa. In the future, the term ‘Ediacaran’ should be restricted to purely stratigraphic usage, regardless of affinity, geography, or taphonomy; sufficient terminology also exists where reference to specimens on a geographic, taphonomic, or biologic basis is required. It is therefore time to abandon the term ‘Ediacara Biota’ and to instead treat equally all of the fossils of the Ediacaran System. 2013, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Demographic Variables as Determinants of Emotional Burnout among Public School Teachers

The Maslach and Jackson (1981) three factor model of burnout was used as basis of this study that categorized the perceived dimensions of burnout as Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and reduced Personal Accomplishment (PA) among school teachers. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to measure the emotional involvement of teachers on job. Multi stage sampling technique was used to draw the sample of 424 (male=178, 42% and females=246, 58%) school teachers working in 22 public schools from Lahore at junior, primary, elementary and secondary school levels. The major purpose of the study was met by highlighting the contribution of selected variables (gender, locale, job status, marital status, age, qualification, and level at teaching) towards the prevalence of burnout among public school teachers. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, as well as t-tests, and ANOVA tests. The results confirmed the presence of burnout among teachers with varied levels. Gender, locale, qualification, and level at teaching were significant towards the progression of burnout whereas job status, marital status, and age were found non-significant on prevalence of burnout. The demographic variables, investigated in this study, were not conclusively determinant of burnout.
Introducing the 4.4 km Spatial Resolution MISR Aerosol Product

Abstract. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument has been operational on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra satellite since early 2000, creating an extensive data set of global Earth observations. Here we introduce the latest version of the MISR aerosol products. The Level 2 (swath) product, which is reported on a 4.4 km spatial grid, is designated Version 23 (V23) and contains retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol particle property information derived from MISR's multi-angle observations over both land and water. The changes from the previous version of the algorithm (V22) have significant impacts on the data product and its interpretation. The V23 data set is created from two separate retrieval algorithms that are applied over dark water and land surfaces, respectively. Besides increasing the horizontal resolution to 4.4 km compared with the coarser 17.6 m resolution in V22, and streamlining the format and content, the V23 product has added geolocation information, pixel-level uncertainty estimates, and improved cloud screening. MISR data can be obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center at https://eosweb.larc. nasa.gov/project/misr/misr_table. The version number for the V23 Level 2 aerosol product is F13_0023. The Level 3 (gridded) aerosol product is still reported at 0.5° x 0.5° spatial resolution with results aggregated from the higher-resolution Level 2 data. The format and content at Level 3 have also been updated to reflect the changes made at Level 2. The Level 3 product associated with the V23 Level 2 product version is designated F15_0032. Both the Level 2 and Level 3 products are now provided in NetCDF format.
Macrolide resistance pattern of staphylococci collected from hospitalized patients in Egypt

Macrolide resistance of staphylococci has risen dramatically in recent years generating a real challenge for their treatment as therapeutic options have become very limited. In this study, an antibiogram analysis of one hundred and fifty Staphylococcus sp. isolates collected from various clinical specimens, against erythromycin, azithromycin, spiramycin, and clindamycin was carried out. Out of the 150 collected Staphylococcus sp. isolates, 54 isolates (36%) showed resistance to two or more of the tested macrolides. Inducible macrolide, lincosamides and streptogramin type B resistance phenotype (iMLS) using D-test was identified in 15 of the resistant isolates (27.8%). Molecular detection of major genes coding for macrolide resistance, including erythromycin ribosomal methylase (ermA and ermC), and macrolide-streptogramin resistance gene (msrA) was carried out using PCR. It was found that 51.8, 37.1 and 11.1% of the resistant isolates carried one, two and three types of the resistance genes, respectively. However, ermC was the most frequently occurring gene (81.5%), followed by the msrA gene (42.6%), then the ermA gene (35.2%). In conclusion, the genotypic analysis revealed that the majority of the tested isolates harbored two or more macrolide resistance-coding genes where 36% displayed resistance to at least two of the most common macrolide antibiotics used in the treatment of such important pathogens particularly in patients exhibiting hypersensitivity to penicillins according to several international guidelines. Therefore, it is crucial to carry out more epidemiologic studies to clearly understand the problem of increasing macrolide resistance among Staphylococci and to implement new guidelines for the treatment of such important pathogens, particularly in Egypt.
St Christopher’s Hospice Clinical Guidelines: Anticipatory end-of-life care medication for the symptoms of terminal restlessness, pain and excessive secretions in frail older people in care homes

The term ‘frail older people’ has been defined as people over 75 years of age with geriatric syndrome, i.e. the presence of numerous chronic diseases and signs and symptoms such as incontinence, falls, cognitive impairment and reduced mobility (Saavreda Munoz and Barreto Martin, 2008). However, some older people are ‘frail’ before the age of 75 years. Therefore, frailty in older people should generally be associated with older people who have advanced, progressive, incurable illness and/or considerable health and social needs (Department of Health, 2001). The process of dying in frail older people requiring 24-hour care appears to differ from, for example, the process of dying in mid-life from cancer (Hockley and Clark, 2002). People dying with a cancer diagnosis generally maintain high functional capacity up until the final 3 months of life, when there is a marked decline (Lunney et al, 2003; Costantini et al, 2008). However, frail older people tend to follow a dwindling trajectory towards death in that they gradually become more disabled (Lynn and Adamson, 2003). Their functional deterioration particularly worsens in their final year of life, when they can become much more dependent in terms of activities of living (Lunney et al, 2003; Costantini et al, 2008). Death in frail older people can also be relatively unexpected, e.g. frail older people can die ‘suddenly’ from silent pneumonia or quietly in their sleep (Lynn and Adamson, 2003). Frail older people often have multiple morbidities, which may be complicated by varying degrees of dementia/cognitive impairment (Rashidi et al, 2011). For example, Lievesley et al (2011) undertook a survey of all residents living in Bupa’s UK care homes in 2009. The most commonly occurring disorders were dementia (43.6%), stroke (20.2%), heart disease (20.6%) and arthritis (18.3%). Although these data are only from one care home …
Autonomous UAV Navigation Using Reinforcement Learning

Over the last few years, UAV applications have grown immensely from delivery services to military use. Major goal of UAV applications is to be able to operate and implement various tasks without any human aid. To best of our knowledge, in the existing works for autonomous navigation for UAV’s, ideal environments (e.g., 2D) are considered instead of realistic or special hardware are used (e.g., nine range sensors) to navigate through an ideal environment. Therefore, in this thesis, we aim to overcome the limitations of the existing works by proposing a model for navigating a drone in an unknown environment without any human help or aid. The goal of this research is to navigate from location A to location B in unknown terrain without having any prior knowledge about the terrain using default drone sensors only. We present a model which is compatible with almost every off-the-shelf drone available in the market. Our methodology utilizes only standard drone sensors which are attached to almost every drone. These include a camera, GPS, IMU, magnetometer, and barometer. Our methodology uses 3D, POMDP, and continuous environment. It also takes into account environmental factors such as winds and rain. Our main contributions are: 1) We are using realistic environment model including factors like rain and wind. 2) We are only using onboard computing resources to run our model instead of some external server. 3) We were able to fly the achieve complete autonomous flight using only standard drone sensors.
International Teacher Perspectives on Quality in ECE: A Case Study

The goal of early childhood programming is to provide children with high-quality early care and to support educators’ understanding and ability to implement high-quality practices on behalf of children and their families. Quality in early childhood care is an ambiguous concept, relative to various social and context-specific factors, making it difficult to define in standardized terms. A classroom teacher’s proximity to decisions in the early childhood classroom validates the need for teacher perceptions to be considered in practices regarding high-quality care. This paper presents a comparative case study that sought to explore teacher perspectives of high-quality care from two nations, Finland and the United States, and examined how these perspectives differed or aligned across the influences of culture. Using an interpretivist design for qualitative research methods, preschool and early year teacher participants completed pre-surveys in which they rated various indicators of quality. Survey responses guided semi-structured interviews. Additionally, participants discussed photographs of classroom and school activities that they felt exhibited quality. In vivo and values coding were used to analyze the interview data and generate themes in which teachers described high quality. Generating from both participant groups, the analysis resulted in various themes, such as child-centered classrooms, physical environment, and highly educated teachers. While language and terminology differed, teachers in Finland and the United States valued similar indicators of high-quality early programs.
Value of Milk Production Traits in Iranian Holstein

Milk consumption per capita in Iran has been reported 73 kg while the average figure of the world is between 300 kg to 350 kg. Holstein cattle are the dominant industrial breed for providing the majority of dairy products in the country. The population of this breed has been established with the importation of registered heifers from Europe, USA and Canada during 1970s and the first years of 1980s. Each year approximately 80 young bulls were entering into the progThe aim of this study was to test the genotypes effect of DGAT1 gene on breeding value in Iranian Holstein milk production traits. For this purpose, 103 semen samples of registered bulls were collected and then genotyped for partial region of DGAT1 gene. The studied traits were milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP) and protein percentage (PP). First lactation records of 43044 dairy cattle from 2000 to 2007 were used. The PCR-RFLP method was used for genotyping DGAT1 gene. The Hardy Weinberg equilibrium for allele and genotype frequencies was analyzed with Chi-square test using PoPGen software. Genetic parameters of studied traits were estimated by REML method under animal model with DFREML software. The breeding value of individual was predicted by BLUP method. Different genotype effect of 97 of 103 proven bulls on breeding value of milk production traits were investigated by GLM procedure of SAS (9.1) software. The mean of breeding value of proven bulls with different genotype were compare with Duncan test. The observed genotype frequency results showed KK (0.592), KA (0.408) and AA (zero) and the allele frequency obtained was K (0.7961) and A (0.2039). The KK genotype was confirmed by sequencing method and the K allele, with long of 411 bp, was registered in gene bank of NCBI with accession number EU077528. Estimated heritability of studied traits were 0.35 (0.02), 0.33 (0.02), 0.31 (0.017), 0.28 (0.02) and 0.27 (0.016) for MY, FY, PY, FP and PP, respectively. The average breeding values of MY, FY, PY, FP and PP were estimated as: 180.2 (28.8) kg, 3.7 (1.26) kg, 2.3 (1.06) kg, -0.036 (0.014) % and -0.03 (0.01) %, respectively. The average breeding value of MY for KA and KK genotypes were 288.8 and 109.6 kg, respectively and the difference was significant (P<0.01). The average breeding values of FY in bulls for KK and KA genotypes were 5.6 kg and 0.91 kg, respectively (P>0.05). The average breeding values of PY for KA and KK genotypes were 0.025 and 5.5 kg, respectively (P<0.05). Differences between means of breeding values for FP and PP were significant (P<0.05), these values for genotype KK and KA were -0.009% and -0.067% for fat and -0.016% and -0.059% for protein, respectively.
Social aspects of Green Technology-Bamboo construction cases

Over the last years, a great variety of construction materials, systems and technologies have been developed over the world and the preoccupation about sustainability issues related to the field have become compulsory. Research had been developed concerning innovation assuming environmentally friendly characteristics of those materials, systems and technologies; however, few had been discussed about the social issues of sustainability. It must be taken into account that sustainability includes not only environmental, but also economic and social aspects, and the latter has direct implications on the well being of society. The actions aiming this goal should be based on historical and cultural values and in the relationship between citizens and nature. In the case of this research, we will analyze on the social perspective, the benefits that an unconventional material like bamboo can bring to specific contexts where it is implemented, through the study of selected cases. The buildings, based especially on local production process, in areas where this constructive culture is consecrated, and with regional manpower can be identified as a large contribution initiative from the social development perspective, in addition to the clear environmental and economic benefits. Thus, the research aims to elucidate the importance that this process in the production autonomy, representing a great user domain and an important vehicle of engagement of social inclusion projects and manpower training.