Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Docking of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid Analogs in Neuroreceptors – GABAA, GABAB, DRD1, 5-HT3, and nAChR as Potential Drug Candidate for Neuropharmacology

The objective of this study is to identify and assess the Mycosporine-like Amino Acid (MAA) analogs binding properties with GABA Type A Receptor-Associated Protein (GABARAP), Dopamine Receptor D1 (DRD1), GABAB, 5Hydroxytryptamine Type 3 (5-HT3) and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) through molecular docking using Accelrys Discovery Studio 2.5 as potential drug candidate for neuropharmacology. The microwave promoted synthesized MAA-analogs adapted from the work of Andreguetti et al. and the protein receptors gathered through RCSB Protein Data Bank were prepared, defined, and simulated using a molecular docking software implemented with docking algorithms and receptor-ligand interactions protocols to calculate the binding and entropic energies of the docked ligand unto protein receptors. The MAA-cyst and other MAA-analogs were found to be compatible, favorable, thermodynamically spontaneous, and novel ligand as candidate drugs for the receptor, GABARAP based on the calculated binding and entropic energy values. Competitions and specificity have been observed when same analogs were docked unto a receptor having a specific ligand based on the magnitudes of the negative binding energy values. With the use of molecular docking software, the screening and discovery of potential drug candidate for various neuropharmacological disorders have become faster, easier, and relatively low-cost since not everything can be proved experimentally as traditional experimental methods for drug discovery takes a long time.
Novel polyamides with fluorene-based triphenylamine: electrofluorescence and electrochromic properties

A series of novel polyamides with fluorene-based triphenylamine units in the backbone were prepared from a newly synthesized diamine monomer, N,N-di (4-aminophenyl)-2-amino-9,9-dimethylfluorene, and various dicarboxylic acids via phosphorylation polyamidation technique. These polyamides were amorphous and exhibited excellent solubility in many polar solvents and could be solution-cast into flexible polymer films. They possess good thermal stability with glass transition temperature in the range of 256–316 °C and 10% weight loss in excess of 500 °C in nitrogen. The dilute N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solutions of these polyamides showed strong UV-vis absorption bands at 334–367 nm and the polyamide derived from 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid exhibited fluorescence maximum at 441 nm with quantum yields up to 47.1%. Furthermore, the fluorescence can be effectively switched between “on” and “off” states by applying reduction and oxidation potentials, exhibiting a high contrast ratio (If/If0) of 12.7. The polymer films showed reversible electrochemical oxidation and reduction, enabling an improved stability of electrochromic characteristics with color changing from colorless to green. The anodically electrochromic films had high coloration efficiency (up to 283 cm2 C−1 at 860 nm) and after over 500 cycles the polymer films still exhibited continuous cyclic stability of electrochromism.
Nordic Innovative Trials to Evaluate osteoPorotic Fractures (NITEP) Collaboration: The Nordic DeltaCon Trial protocol—non-operative treatment versus reversed total shoulder arthroplasty in patients 65 years of age and older with a displaced proximal humerus fracture: a prospective, randomised contro

Introduction The proximal humerus fracture (PHF) is one of the most common fractures in the elderly. The majority of PHFs are treated non-operatively, while 15%–33% of patients undergo surgical treatment. Recent randomised controlled trial (RCT) and meta-analyses have shown that there is no difference in outcome between non-operative treatment and locking plate or hemi-arthroplasty. During the past decade, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has gained popularity in the treatment of PHF, although there is a lack of RCTs comparing RTSA to non-operative treatment. Methods This is a prospective, single-blinded, randomised, controlled, multicentre and multinational trial comparing RTSA with non-operative treatment in displaced proximal humeral fractures in patients 65–85 years. The primary outcome in this study is QuickDASH-score measured at 2 years. Secondary outcomes include visual analogue scale for pain, grip strength, Oxford shoulder score, Constant score and the number of reoperations and complications. The hypothesis of the trial is that operative treatment with RTSA produces better outcome after 2 and 5 years measured with QuickDASH. Ethics and dissemination In this protocol, we describe the design, method and management of the Nordic DeltaCon trial. The ethical approval for the trial has been given by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, Norway. There have been several examples in orthopaedics of innovations that result in failure after medium-term follow-ups . In order to prevent such failures and to increase our knowledge of RSTA, we feel a large-scale study of the effects of the surgery on the outcome that focuses on the complications and reoperations is warranted. After the trial 2-year follow-up, the results will be disseminated in a major orthopaedic publication. Trial registration number NCT03531463; Pre-Results.
Why do sexes differ in lifespan extension? Sex-specific pathways of aging and underlying mechanisms for dimorphic responses

Males and females typically have different lifespans and frequently differ in their responses to anti-aging interventions. These sex-specific responses are documented in mice and Drosophila species, in addition to other organisms where interventions have been tested. While the prevalence of sex-specific responses to anti-aging interventions is now recognised, the underlying causes remain poorly understood. This review first summarises the main pathways and interventions that lead to sex-specific lifespan responses, including the growth-hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH-IGF1) axis, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling, and nutritional and pharmacological interventions. After summarising current evidence, several different potential causes for sex-specific responses are discussed. These include sex-differences in xenobiotic metabolism, differing disease susceptibility, sex-specific hormone production and chromosomes, and the relative importance of different signalling pathways in the control of male and female life-history. Understanding why sex-differences in lifespanextension occur should provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the aging process in each sex, and will be crucial for understanding the full implications of these treatments if they are translated to humans.
Molecular characteristics of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among voluntary blood donors in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Background Hepatitis B represents a major global health problem. Despite the high endemicity of hepatitis B in Sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the molecular characteristics of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Africa, and there are very few published studies that describe the genetic characteristics of HBV in asymptomatic adults in DRC. The present study aimed at determining the molecular diversity of chronic HBV infection in voluntary blood donors in Kinshasa, DRC. Methods Blood samples from 582 voluntary blood donors at the National Blood Transfusion Centre in Kinshasa, DRC, were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Partial amplification and sequencing of S gene in HBV-positive samples was conducted. Results The presence of HBsAg was detected in 6.9 % (40/582) blood donors. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial S gene nucleotide sequences of HBV showed that the majority (66.7 %, 10/15) of HBV strains clustered into genotype A, followed by the genotypes E (26.6 %, 4/15) and D (6.7 %, 1/15). Genotype A strains were classified into subgenotype A1, quasi-subgenotype A3, and subgenotype A4, with quasi-subgenotype A3 being predominant. One new genotype A strain did not cluster with any existing HBV/A subgenotype or quasi-subgenotype. Conclusions The present study highlights the high genetic variability of chronic HBV infection in DRC, and the possibility of a new HBV/A subgenotype, suggesting that HBV has a long evolutionary history in DRC. Further molecular characterization of complete HBV genomes is needed for a more accurate assessment of HBV genetic variability and its clinical significance in DRC, as partial sequences are not appropriate for determining HBV new subgenotypes.
Molecular Characterization of a Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain R46 Isolated from a Rabbit

To investigate the mechanisms of multiple resistance and the horizontal transfer of resistance genes in animal pathogens, we characterized the molecular structures of the resistance gene-related sequences in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain R46 isolated from a rabbit. Molecular cloning was performed to clone the resistance genes, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured to determine the resistance characteristics of the cloned genes and related strains. A conjugation experiment was conducted to assess the transferability of the resistance plasmids. Sequencing and comparative genomic methods were used to analyze the structures of the resistance gene-related sequences. The K. pneumoniae R46 genome consisted of a chromosome and three resistance plasmids named pR46-27, pR46-42, and pR46-270, respectively. The whole genome encoded 34 antibiotic resistance genes including a newly identified chromosome-encoded florfenicol resistance gene named mdfA2. pR46-270, besides encoding 26 antibiotic resistance genes, carried four clusters of heavy metal resistance genes and several virulence-related genes or gene clusters. The plasmid-encoded resistance genes were mostly associated with mobile genetic elements. The plasmid with the most similarity to the floR gene-harboring plasmid pR46-27 was pCTXM-2271, a plasmid from Escherichia coli. The results of this work demonstrated that the plasmids with multidrug resistance genes were present in animal-derived bacteria and more florfenicol resistance genes such as mdfA2 could be present in bacterial populations. The resistance genes encoded on the plasmids may spread between the bacteria of different species or genera and cause the resistance dissemination.
Power-Accuracy Trade-Offs for Heartbeat Classification on Neural Networks Hardware

Heartbeat classification using electrocardiogram (ECG) data is an essential feature of modern day wearable devices. State-of-the-art machine learning-based heartbeat classifiers are designed using convolutional neural networks (CNN). Despite their high classification accuracy, CNNs require significant computational resources and power. This makes the mapping of CNNs on resourceand power-constrained wearable devices challenging. In this paper, we propose heartbeat classification using spiking neural networks (SNN), an alternative approach based on a biologically inspired, event-driven neural networks. SNNs compute and transfer information using discrete spikes that require fewer operations and less complex hardware resources, making them energy-efficient compared to CNNs. However, due to complex error-backpropagation involving spikes, supervised learning of deep SNNs remains challenging. We propose an alternative approach to SNN-based heartbeat classification. We start with an optimized CNN implementation of the heartbeat classification task and then convert the CNN operations, such as multiply-accumulate, pooling and softmax, into spiking equivalent with a minimal loss of accuracy. We evaluate the SNN-based heartbeat classification using publicly available ECG database of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Hospital (MIT/BIH), and demonstrate a minimal loss in accuracy when compared to 85.92% accuracy of a CNN-based hearbeat classification. We demonstrate that, for every operation, the activation of SNN neurons in each layer is sparse when compared to CNN neurons, in the same layer. We also show that this sparsity increases with an increase in the number of layers of the neural network. In addition, we detail the power-accuracy trade-off of the SNN and show a 87.76% and 96.82% reduction in SNN neuron and synapse activity,respectively, for accuracy loss ranging between 0.6% and 1.00%, when compared to a CNN-only implementation. Keywords– Heartbeat classification, spiking neural network(SNN), convolution neural network(CNN)
Vitamin E Ameliorates the Mineralo-Oxidative Stress of Sucking Lice Infestation in Indian Water Buffalo

Bubaline pediculosis is a common and economically important ectoparasitic condition caused by sucking lice, Haematopinus tuberculatus. This condition in buffalo is characterized by anemia, mineral imbalance, and loss of production performance but its pathobiology is explored less. Aim of the present study was to explore the mineralooxidaive pathobiology of bubaline pediculosis and its amelioration using the two antioxidants as an adjunct therapeutic modality (Nacetyl cysteine and Vitamin E). Twenty four buffaloes, severely infested with sucking lice (mean total lice count more than 100) were divided into three groups (Group I, II and III) with eight animals per group; another eight animals (Group IV) free from any clinical abnormalities and ectoparasitism were included as healthy control. Lice infested animals (Group I, II and III) animals were given ivermectin therapy (200 μg/kg body weight SC single dose); additionally, group II and group III animals were orally treated with N-acetyl cysteine (12 mg/kg body weight) and vitamin E (Tocopheryl acetate 4000 mg per animal), respectively, once daily for 14 days. The haematological parameters (TEC, Hb, TLC and DLC), oxidant-antioxidant profile (TAC, LPO, GSH, and SOD) and mineral profile (Zinc, Iron, Magnesium, and Copper) were studied on before therapy (Day 0) and post therapy (Day 28). Bubaline pediculosis revealed severe oxidative stress and mineral imbalance along with remarkable anaemia and leukocytosis. Vitamin E given animals demonstrated better recovery from the mineralo-oxidative pathology of bubaline pediculosis and approached post therapeutic normalcy. Vitamin E as an adjunct therapy along with ivermectin alleviated the pathobiological damages in the host system and speed up the clinical recovery, whereas, Nacetyl cysteine was less effective in quenching the mineralo-oxidative response. Future studies on antioxidants therapy may target the influence of mineralo-oxidative response in the host system. K e y w o r d s
A DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITIES THROUGH VERBAL HUMOR

This study focuses on how verbal humor can discursively construct identities, grounded in the assumption of social constructionism that identity is not given, but is constructed in social practice (Foucault, 1984), or discourse practices (Fairclough, 2001). I exploit a mix of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) methods and Gricean pragmatics in the analysis of implicature-generated humor occurring in a speech delivered in the political context of a presidential election. The findings show that verbal humor (created through the use of language in contexts of situation) is not just for “fun” or “humor”, but also for performing a variety of pragmatic functions such as developing social relations, creating solidarity, or the construction of identities in socio-political contexts (presidential election), which is consistent with other research projects concerning the function of verbal humor. I have made every effort to conceal the identity of the individuals to the possible extent in ways that do not hinder comprehension. The two main characters are named John and Mary. Three individual are coded X, Y, and Z as they appear in the remarks. The election happened in country A.
Performance analysis of energy harvesting communications using multiple time slots

Energy harvesting provides a promising alternative to batteries and mains used by current wireless devices. However, the power supply in energy harvesting communications becomes dynamic due to the random channels. In this work, the authors study two energy harvesting communications protocols, `harvest-store-use' and `harvest-use'. A linear harvester is used to collect energy over multiple time slots for the two protocols. The effective throughput for `harvest-store-use' and the average bit error rate for `harvest-use' are derived. Numerical results show that there exists an optimum number of time slots for the `harvest-store-use' protocol to balance the transmission probability and the delay and that the effective throughput approaches an upper limit when the number of time slots increases. Also, for the `harvest-use' protocol, one should use a small number of time slots to balance the bit error rate performance and the battery consumption.
In Vitro Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Hepatic Choline Metabolism

Choline is an essential nutrient required for normal neuronal and muscular development, as well as homeostatic regulation of hepatic metabolism. In the liver, choline is incorporated into the main eukaryotic phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and can enter one carbon metabolism via mitochondrial oxidation. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic positive-strand RNA virus that similar to other positive-strand RNA viruses can impact phospholipid metabolism. In the current study we sought to interrogate the link between choline transport and early HCV infection. Namely, we aimed to investigate how HCV modulates markers of choline metabolism following in vitro infection, while subsequently assessing how the inhibition of choline uptake and metabolism upon concurrent HCV infection may alter early viral replication. Finally, we assessed whether these parameters were consistent between cells cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) or human serum (HS), conditions known to differentially affect in vitro HCV infection. We observed that choline transport in FBS-cultured Huh7.5 cells is facilitated by the intermediate affinity transporter choline transporter-like family (CTL), and that CTL1 expression and the incorporation of choline into PC is diminished in 24 h infected FBS-cultured cells. Reciprocally, limiting the availability of choline for PC synthesis resulted in increased HCV replication at this early stage. In chronically HS-cultured Huh7.5 cells, there were no differences in the expression of choline transporters upon HCV infection or alterations to viral replication when choline transport was inhibited compared to control treatments. However, inhibiting choline uptake and metabolism in this system significantly impaired the production of infectious virions in HS-cultured cells. These results suggest that in addition to a known role of choline kinase, the transport of choline, potentially via CTL1, might also represent an important and regulated process during HCV infection.
Antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of thr ee mushroom species , Lentinus squarrosulus Mont . , Volvariella esculenta ( Massee ) Singer and Pleurocybella porrigens ( Pers . ) Singer Israel

The antioxidant properties of three mushroom sample s, namely, Lentinus squarrosulus, Volvariella esculenta and Pleurocybella porrigens were investigated. The antioxidant activities, 2, 2diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ab ility, reducing powers, amount of total phenolic compounds and flavonoid concentration of the extrac ts were determined. The mushroom samples showed differences in values for all the five param eters. L. squarrosulus had the highest antioxidant activity of 40.54±1.50, flavonoid concentration (61 .93±2.93), total phenolic content (392.68±33.77) an d reducing power activity (281.15±8.13), while P. porrigens had the least values for these parameters. There were statistically significant correlations b etween reducing power and amount of total phenolic compounds in all three mushroom extracts. The highe st DPPH scavenging ability was shown by P. porringes (63.37±2.89) and the least value of this parameter was shown by V. esculenta (48.88±1.35). The mushroom samples showed significant difference (p<0.05) in all the parameters, except for total phenolic compounds concentration (p>0.05). All the three mushroom samples exhibited effective antioxidant properties which contribute to their me dicinal and health values.
Effects of tillage systems on soil water content and yield in maize and winter wheat production.

The four-year trial was conducted in north-western Slavonia (main arable crop producing region in Croatia) to evaluate the effects of different tillage systems on the water content of silty loam soil (Albic Luvisol) and yields of maize (Zea mays L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The tillage systems compared were: conventional tillage; reduced conventional tillage; conservation tillage I; conservation tillage II (CM); no-tillage (NT). During the study period, there were one dry, two wet and one average season. Soil water content (SWC) was measured at 0–5, 15–20 and 30–35 cm depths on a monthly basis. Tillage systems had significant ( P < 0.05) effects on SWC and yields. The highest average SWC in all seasons was measured under the NT system, followed by the CM system. In the second season, the highest yield was measured under the NT system while in all other seasons, it was under the CM system.
Growth and morphological responses of Chlorella vulgaris at different initial algal densities to treatment with Ceratophyllum demersum methanol extracts

The allelopathically inhibitory effects of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton have been extensively studied and are utilised as an effective strategy for water restoration. However, this technique has been minimally implemented in natural in situ water bodies because of the unclear and complex interactions involved. Our study considered the uneven density distribution of algae in natural aquatic ecosystems and the biomass-dependent effects of submerged macrophytes on target algae. Ceratophyllum demersum methanol extracts of gradient concentration on Chlorella vulgaris with different initial algal density were conducted in the present laboratory study. Results indicated that methanol extracts of C. demersum could not only inhibit the growth of but also promote colony formation of C. vulgaris. C. vulgaris of a low density exerted increased inhibition and colony proportion responses to C. demersum extracts. By 0.42 g/mL C. demersum treatment, the inhibition rate on C. vulgaris under 0.02 IAD (Initial Alagal Density) and 0.05 IAD (p < 0.05) was 88.7%, 70.9%, respectively. We also suggested that the effects of C. demersum were biomass dependent, such that extracts with high concentration could produce increased inhibitory effects on C. vulgaris. According to GC-MS analysis, the study revealed five potential compounds (i.e. hexanoic, acetoacetic, azelaic, palmitic and stearic acid) in the C. demersum methanol extracts. However, the individual or combined effects of those compounds require further exploration. This study proposed certain theoretical basis for future water restoration by submerged macrophytes, that the biomass of the macrophytes and the density of the algae should both be taken into account.