Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One of the gang: social group dynamics in a juvenile passerine bird

Living in groups comes with many potential benefits, especially for juveniles. Naïve individuals may learn how to forage, or avoid predators through group vigilance. Understanding these benefits, however, requires an appreciation of the opportunities juveniles have to associate with (and learn from) others. Here we describe social groups in terms of residency, movement, relatedness, and social associations from the perspective of juvenile hihi, a threatened New Zealand passerine bird. Over three years, we identified individuals in groups, their relatedness, and behavioural interactions. Using multistate analysis, we compared movement and residency of adults and juveniles and found that groups were composed predominately of juveniles which remained at group sites for longer than more transient adults. Movement of juveniles between groups did occur but was generally low. There was no evidence that siblings and parents were likely to be seen in groups together. With an initial understanding of group structure, we next asked what characteristics predicted assortment in social network associations. By identifying groups of co-occurring juveniles from time-stamped observations of individual hihi and building a social network, we found that juveniles were most likely to associate with other juveniles. Associations were also predominantly based on locations where hihi spent the most time, reflecting limited movement among separate groups. We suggest groups are best described as “gangs” where young hihi have little interaction with adults. These spatially-separated groups of juveniles may have consequences for social information use during the first few months of independence in young birds.
Studies on the structure and mechanism of glutamate mutase

Glutamate mutase is an adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of L-glutamate and threo-~-methyl-L-aspartate. It is one of a group of AdoCbl-de~ndent enzymes catalyzing unusual carbon-skeleton rearrangements. Although first described over 30 years ago, the structure and mechanism of this enzyme remain poorly understood. The genes encoding MutS and MutE, the subunits of glutamate mutase, were cloned from a library of Clostridium tetanomorphum genomic DNA, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. A gene of unknown function, mutL, was found to lie between mutS and mutE, and the three genes are likely to be co-transcribed. The mutS gene encodes a protein of 137 amino acid residues, with a predicted Mr of 14748. The deduced sequence of MutS has similarity with other cobalamin-dependent enzymes, including a cobalamin-binding fragment of methionine synthase from Escherichia coli, suggesting MutS is involved in coenzyme binding. The mutE gene encodes a protein of 485 residues, with a predicted Mr of 53708. The deduced sequence of MutE contains a small region similar to the putative active site of ~methylaspartase, the next enzyme in the pathway of glutamate fermentation. The mutS and mutE genes were over-expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity, free from inhibitory cobamides. The recombinant enzyme has a higher specific activity than those previously reported for preparations from clostridia. The Km for L glutamate was = 1 mM, while the apparent Km for AdoCbl varied between = 18 μM with equimolar concentrations of MutS and MutE and = 5.8 μM with a 5-fold molar excess of MutS over MutE present in the assay. The enzyme has a higher affinity for Coa-(a-benzimidazolyl)Co ~-adenosylcobamide coenzyme; the apparent Km was = 0.5 μM in the presence of equimolar MutS and MutE. The dissociation constant for AdoCbl was measured directly using equilibrium gel filtration. In the presence of equimolar MutS and MutE, the apparent Kd was 5.4 μM, but this decreased to 1.8 μM when MutS was present in 5-fold molar excess. Alone, neither MutE nor MutS bound AdoCbl. This confirmed a role for MutS in coenzyme binding. Residue cysteine 15 of MutS was shown to be modified by reaction with iodo[214C]acetic acid, resulting in concomitant inactivation of the enzyme. Cysteine 15 was also altered to alanine and serine by site-directed mutagenesis. The specific activity of the mutant enzymes was about one-third of wild-type; all modifications also slightly impaired coenzyme binding, but the principal effect was to decrease kcat· This suggested a further role for MutS in the catalytic mechanism. The two subunits of glutamate mutase were fused together using recombinant DNA techniques. The solubility of the fusion protein was poor but, once refolded, the protein was catalytically active. Kinetic analysis showed that activity probably results from cooperation between domains located in opposing subunits rather than from intra-subunit interactions.
Cerebellotrigeminal Dermal Dysplasia (Gómez-López-Hernández Syndrome)

Abstract Cerebellotrigeminal dermal (CTD) dysplasia is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by a triad of symptoms: bilateral parieto-occipital alopecia, facial anesthesia in the trigeminal area, and rhombencephalosynapsis (RES), confirmed by cranial magnetic resonance imaging. CTD dysplasia is also known as Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome. So far, only 35 cases have been described with varying symptomatology. The etiology remains unknown. Either spontaneous dominant mutations or de novo chromosomal rearrangements have been proposed as possible explanations. In addition to its clinical triad of RES, parietal alopecia, and trigeminal anesthesia, CTD dysplasia is associated with a wide range of phenotypic and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Treatment is symptomatic and includes physical rehabilitation, special education, dental care, and ocular protection against self-induced corneal trauma that causes ulcers and, later, corneal opacification. The prognosis is correlated to the mental development, motor handicap, corneal–facial anesthesia, and visual problems. Follow-up on a large number of patients with CTD dysplasia has never been reported and experience is limited to few cases to date. High degree of suspicion in a child presenting with characteristic alopecia and RES has a great importance in diagnosis of this syndrome.
Mortars for 3D printing

The paper is aimed at developing scientifically proven compositions of mortars for 3D printing modified by a peat-based admixture with improved operational characteristics. The paper outlines the results of experimental research on hardened cement paste and concrete mixture with the use of modifying admixture MT-600 (thermally modified peat). It is found that strength of hardened cement paste increases at early age when using finely dispersed admixtures, which is the key factor for formation of construction and technical specifications of concrete for 3D printing technologies. The composition of new formations of hardened cement paste modified by MT-600 admixture were obtained, which enabled to suggest the possibility of their physico-chemical interaction while hardening.
The First Atomic Clock Program: NBS, 1947-1954

Abstract : In the years immediately after the Second World War, the techniques developed for microwave radar were applied to the stabilization of klystron oscillators by the 24GHz inversion transition of the ammonia molecule. Following these initial demonstrations of the principle, Harold Lyons, Chief of the Microwave Standards Section of the Bureau of Standards' central Radio Propagation Laboratory, built up a comprehensive program of atomic clock development. This paper describes that program's history, scope, and accomplishment -- and its eclipse. Keywords: Microwaves Ammonia clocks, Cesium.
A Modular Architecture for Low Cost Phased Array Antenna System for Ka-Band Mobile Satellite Communication

A low-cost and low profile phased array antenna system based on a modular approach is being developed for Ka-band mobile SATCOM applications. A Transmitter (TX) antenna array has been designed to provide the required circular polarized (CP) radiation beam with sufficient gain and a radiation pattern that satisfies the standard (FCC) emission mask. In the proposed modular approach, the intelligent active phased subarray (module) is designed and used as a building block to construct the whole array in any form and any size in any customized platform. In this design, the size of the intelligent subarray is chosen to be 4×4 with half-wavelength separation between the elements for both TX (30 GHz), and RX (20 GHz) array antennas. Larger array antenna with a few thousands of radiating elements can be formed by assembling as many modules as required on one platform. This paper discusses the modular approach aspects and its application in large scale phased array antenna implementation. Super TX / RX array modules of 256 elements are assembled and tested successfully to validate the proposed modular architecture. The measured radiation patterns at 30/ 20 GHz shows that the antenna's main beam can be steered to ± 70° in both azimuth and elevation directions.
Meat quality and color of breast during storage in ducks fed diet supplemented with different forms of Houttuynia cordata with fermented red koji

We evaluated meat quality and color of breast during storage in ducks fed diet supplemented with different forms of Houttuynia cordata (HC) with fermented red koji (FRK). In total, 240 one-day-old Pekin ducks (160 males and 80 females) were allocated to four diet treatments (control, 1% HC powder mixed with FRK, pelleted 1% HC with FRK, and coated pellets of 1% HC with FRK). At days 3 and 7 of storage, pH values were slightly influenced (p < 0.05) by different forms of HC with FRK, but was no influence at day 0 of storage day. Diet treatments with different forms of HC and FRK had an effect (p < 0.05) on TBARS values at 0, 3, and 7 days of storage and DPPH radical-scavenging activity at 0 days of storage, except for cooking loss. Overall, in breast meat of ducks, L* values at day 3 of storage and a* values at day 0 of storage were significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by treatments with different forms of HC and FRK. In conclusion, using either 1% HC and FRK pellets or pellets coated with HC and FRK at 1% resulted in a decrease in TBARS values and an increase in DPPH radical-scavenging activity during storage.
Examining the information dissemination process on social media during the Malaysia 2014 floods using Social Network Analysis (SNA)

This article is based on a study which examined the information dissemination process on the social media during the Malaysia 2014 floods by employing the Social Network Analysis. Specifically, the study analyzed the type of network structure formed and its density, the influential people involved, and the kind of information shared during the flood.The data was collected from a non-governmental organization fan page (NGOFP) and a significant civilian fan page (ICFP) on Facebook using NodeXL.The two datasets contained 296 posts which generated different network structures based on the state of the flood, information available, and the needs of the information.Through content analysis, five common themes emerged from the information exchanges for both fan pages which helped in providing material and psychological support to the flood victims. However, only 5% of the networks' population served as information providers, and this prompted the need for more active participation especially from organizations with certified information. Based on the findings presented and elaborated, this article concluded by stating the implications and recommendations of the study conducted.
Mass deworming for soil‐transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis among pregnant women: A systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis

Abstract The objective of the review is to use individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis to explore the effect of mass deworming during pregnancy. We developed a search strategy and searched the databases till March 2018. We included individually randomised controlled trials; cluster randomised controlled trials and quasi randomised studies providing preventive or therapeutic deworming drugs for soil transmitted helminthiases and schistosomiasis during pregnancy. All IPD were assessed for completeness, compared to published reports and entered into a common data spreadsheet. Out of the seven trials elgible for IPD, we received data from three trials; out of 8,515 potential IPD participants; data were captured for 5,957 participants. Findings from this IPD suggest that mass deworming during pregnancy reduces maternal anaemia by 23% (Risk ratio [RR]: 0.77, 95% confidence intreval [CI]: 0.73–0.81; three trials; 5,216 participants; moderate quality evidence). We did not find any evidence of an effect of mass deworming during pregnancy on any of the other outcomes. There was no evidence of effect modification; however these findings should be interpreted with caution due to small sample sizes. The quality of evidence was rated as moderate for our findings. Our analyses suggest that mass deworming during pregnancy is associated with reducing anaemia with no evidence of impact on any other maternal or pregnancy outcomes. Our analyses were limited by the availability of data for the impact by subgroups and effect modification. There is also a need to support and promote open data for future IPDs.
Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules

INTRODUCTION TO MACROMOLECULES What is a Macromolecule? The Discovery of Macromolecules The Structure of Macromolecules in Solution The Remarkable Properties of Pure Bulk Polymers Building New Materials Using Macromolecules Suggestions for Further Reading DESCRIBING POLYMER STRUCTURE Geometric Structure of Macromolecules Bond Probability Distributions Rotational Isomeric State Approximation Mean-Squared End-to-End Distance Statistics of the Random Coil Chain Flexibility and the Persistence Length MEASURING POLYMER STRUCTURE Polymer Composition and Sequence Distribution NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers Measuring Local Conformations of Polymers Vibrational Spectroscopy Conformational Statistics of N-Hexane Global Measures of the Chain Structure Light Scattering From Dilute Polymer Solutions THE MACROMOLECULAR BASIS OF RUBBER ELASTICITY The Thermodynamics of Ideal-Rubber Elasticity The Statistical Theory of Rubber Elasticity Thermoelastic Inversion Point The Force of Extension of Real Rubber STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS IN DILUTE SOLUTION The Structure of Macromolecules in Dilute Solution Flory Theory of Chain Expansion Thermodynamics of Two Component Solutions Osmotic Pressure Flory Theory of the Second Virial Coefficient Light Scattering From Two-Component Solutions Flory Theory of Light Scattering in Dilute Solution Diffusion of Particles in Solution Kirkwood Theory of Macromolecular Friction Concentration Fluctuations and Mutual Diffusion The Viscosity of Dilute Polymer Solutions The Effect of Molecular-Weight Polydispersity STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS IN SEMIDILUTE SOLUTION The Remarkable Behavior of Semidilute Solutions Microscopic Theory of Semidilute Solutions Viscosity in Semidilute Solutions Structure Near Overlap STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS IN CONCENTRATED SOLUTION Flory-Huggins Theory of Concentrated Solutions The Thermodynamics of Swollen Rubber: Gels Light Scattering From Concentrated Solutions Real Solutions and the Flory-Orwoll Theory Diffusion in Concentrated Solutions Viscoelasticity in Concentrated Polymer Solutions STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS IN THE PURE AMORPHOUS LIQUID STATE Free Volume and Viscosity Viscosity of Low-Molecular-Weight Chain Liquids Phenomenology of the Glass Transition Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Relaxation Near the Glass Transition STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF RODLIKE POLYMERS IN SOLUTION Characterization of Rodlike Polymers in Solution Second Osmotic Virial Coefficient Thermodynamics of Rodlike Polymer Solutions STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYELECTROLYTE CHAINS IN SOLUTION Structure of Linear Polyelectrolyte Chains in Dilute Solution Thermodynamics of Polyelectrolyte Solutions Viscosity of Polyelectrolyte Solutions References Index * Each contains an Introduction section
Comparison of SST L3 products generated from the AVHRR and MODIS sensors in front of the San Jorge Gulf, Argentina

Desde principios de la decada de los 80, el sensor AVHRR a bordo de los satelites NOAA ha provisto de estimaciones de la temperatura de la superficie del mar (TSM) a la comunidad cientifica en general. Hacia finales de la decada de los 90, surge una nueva generacion de radiometros que combinan una mayor gama de mediciones espectrales con mejoras en la tecnologia, como lo es el sensor MODIS a bordo de los satelites Terra y Aqua. El desarrollo de este ultimo sensor se baso en los anos de trayectoria de la serie NOAA/AVHRR. La comprension de la relacion entre los productos derivados de distintos sensores es fundamental para el seguimiento continuo a largo plazo de cualquier variable y de la construccion de serie de tiempos combinados. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una comparacion de los valores mensuales de TSM para el periodo 2003-2006 calculadas a partir de datos de la serie NOAA/AVHRR vs Aqua/MODIS sobre un sector de la Plataforma Continental Argentina frente al Golfo San Jorge. El analisis de las isotermas muestra un patron de distribucion similar durante todos los meses para ambos sensores. El coeficiente de correlacion de Pearson tanto en el analisis estacional como mensual fue alto (> 0,8). El analisis comparativo de la temperatura medida en ambos sensores muestra que los productos de TSM son similares, teniendo en cuenta que la diferencia media de temperatura entre ambos sensores es inferior a 0,5oC. Por lo tanto, para el estudio de largas series de tiempo de TSM en la plataforma continental argentina se puede utilizar en forma continua las mediciones de Aqua/MODIS, cuando ya no se disponen las de NOAA/AVHRR.
Effect of Nature of Explants and its Orientation on Shoot Establishment in Kufri Bahar and Kufri Surya Varieties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for Micropropagation

The yield of potato crop depends upon numerous factors like environmental conditions during growth, agronomic practices, genetic yield potential and health of seed tubers. Among all the above mentioned reasons, use of healthy seed tubers is the most vital factor, because potato crop is being propagated asexually. However, all the conventional potato seed production systems are characterized by low multiplication rate and progressive accumulation of degenerative viral diseases during clonal propagation. Low multiplication rate can be adjudged by the fact that it involves 6-7 years for adequate multiplication from indexed tubers to certified seed. Potato has been reported to be affected by about 30 viruses and virus like agents. As, these pathogens are systemic in nature, they International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 12 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Phylogenetic Analysis of MERSCoV in Human and Camels in Iraq

The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic relationship among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) of human and camels origin at the period from October 2015 to February 2016.One hundred samples were collected from camel and 100 from human. Nighty four from nasal swabs and six from oropharyngeal swabs Camel samples secerned by immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for detection of viral antigen. The total percentage of ICA positivity was 28%. Human and camel samples subjected to Revers transcription real time- PCR and carried out by RNA extraction by using specific primers and Taq- Man-Probe for detection of nucleocapsid gene 113 bp. The total positive result in camels were 15% ,there was no significant difference between sex and type of samples, in relation to the age group the results showed that age group more than ten years of camel was the heights percent. With significant difference at P<0.05. According to the months of the year October recorded the highest infection rate with significant difference at p<0.05. the result of RT-qPCR according to the regions of study showed that Al-shinafyah in western borders of Iraq-Saudi was the highest infection rate 35% . On the other hand ,100 human 81 nasal swabs and 19 bronchial lavage samples were collected from pilgrims and non-pilgrims. The total positive result was 5%. The pilgrims recorded the highest infection rate. The results of conventional PCR by using specific primers for detection of Nucleocapsid gene (217 bp) of MERSCoV. The results were confirmative. Three human and 11 camel positive samples were used in further sequencing and phylogenetic analysis by extraction and purification of the PCR products. Our clones sequence submitted in GenBank-NCBI for accession number.The phylogenetic tree construction and analysis results showed that most of Iraqi variants of camel and human were located in clade-B in which Saudi Arabia strains were clustered. One of our clones (MERS-Iq.2Huh) of accession number KX150500.1 was located in clade-A in the same branch of Jordanian strain while bat corona virus, SARS corona and neoromica corona virus was out group clustered in separated branch.
Filter Pre-Pruning for Improved Fine-tuning of Quantized Deep Neural Networks

Deep Neural Networks(DNNs) have many parameters and activation data, and these both are expensive to implement. One method to reduce the size of the DNN is to quantize the pre-trained model by using a low-bit expression for weights and activations, using fine-tuning to recover the drop in accuracy. However, it is generally difficult to train neural networks which use low-bit expressions. One reason is that the weights in the middle layer of the DNN have a wide dynamic range and so when quantizing the wide dynamic range into a few bits, the step size becomes large, which leads to a large quantization error and finally a large degradation in accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper makes the following three contributions without using any additional learning parameters and hyper-parameters. First, we analyze how batch normalization, which causes the aforementioned problem, disturbs the fine-tuning of the quantized DNN. Second, based on these results, we propose a new pruning method called Pruning for Quantization (PfQ) which removes the filters that disturb the fine-tuning of the DNN while not affecting the inferred result as far as possible. Third, we propose a workflow of fine-tuning for quantized DNNs using the proposed pruning method(PfQ). Experiments using well-known models and datasets confirmed that the proposed method achieves higher performance with a similar model size than conventional quantization methods including fine-tuning.