Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small sample properties of tests on homogeneity in one-way Anova and meta-analysis

In the present Monte Carlo study, the empirical Type I error properties and power of several statistics for testing the homogeneity hypothesis in a one—way classification are examined in the case of small sample sizes. We compared these tests under several scenarios: normal populations under heterogeneous variances, nonnormal populations under homogeneous variances, nonnormal populations under heterogeneous variances, balanced and unbalanced sample sizes, and increasing number of populations. Overall, none of the tests considered is uniformly dominating the others. Under normality and variance heterogeneity, the Brown—Forsythe and the Welch test perform well over a wide range of parameter configurations, the modified Brown-Forsythe test by Mehrotra keeps generally the level, but other tests may also perform well, depending on the constellation of the parameters under study. The Welch test becomes liberal when the sample sizes are small and the number of populations is large. We propose a modified version of Welch’s test that keeps the nominal level in these cases. With the understanding that methods are unacceptable if they have Type I error rates that are too high, only the testing procedure associated with the modified Brown-Forsythe test can be recommended both for normal and nonnormal data. Under normality, the modified Welch test can also be recommended.
Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Complete Plastid Genome of the California Endemic Seaweed Wildemania schizophylla (Bangiaceae)

Abstract Recent genetic studies of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta) led to the resurrection of the marine red algal genus Wildemania De Toni. To gain a better understanding of the phylogenetic history of this genus and its plastid genome structure, the holotype specimen of Wildemania schizophylla (Hollenberg) S. C. Lindstrom was analyzed using next generation sequencing technology. The plastid genome of W. schizophylla is 193,008 bp in length and contains 249 genes, including 47 ribosomal, 34 tRNA, 29 photosystem, 27 open reading frames, 25 hypothetical proteins, 10 phycobiliprotein, 8 ATP synthase, and 8 cytochrome b/f complex genes. The plastid genome shows similar organization and content to other Bangiaceae, except that it lacks the typical 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA repeat. Phylogenetic analysis of the W. schizophylla plastid genome against other Bangiaceae places W. schizophylla in a robustly supported position, intermediate between Porphyra C. Agardh and Pyropia J. Agardh. These data support the recent resurrection of the genus Wildemania. Plastid genome analysis of the holotype specimen of W. schizophylla generated an authentic barcode that can be used for future taxonomic studies. Comparison of the rbcL sequence from the type material of W. schizophylla confirms it is endemic to California.
Diversity Initiatives in Higher Education.

This article emerges from an extensive conversation with three people of color—one Latino, one South Asian, and one African American—about their experiences of “coming out” and “being out” as gay, lesbian, and bisexual in a variety of higher education contexts. The article is divided into three parts. Part one offers a brief overview of intersectional analysis. This overview sets the context for understanding the conversants’ discourse in the ensuing parts of the article. In part two, the conversants discuss the uniqueness of their gay, lesbian, or bisexual identity in relationship to their racial minority identity, broadly conceptualized. Here, four themes emerge: (1) the gay, lesbian, and bisexual identity, Whiteness, and marginalization; (2) the role of multiple identities in challenging assumptions about affinity with the gay, lesbian, and bisexual identity; (3) off-campus life and the gay, lesbian, and bisexual identity for people for color; and (4) White hegemony and the limited expression of gay, lesbian, and bisexual identity on campus. Finally, part three of this article summarizes the important points from the conversants’ dialogue and teases out the implications of these points for higher education.
Analyses of ISSR molecular marker and genetic relationship of different provenances of Dendranthema morifolium,D.indicum and D.nankingese

Analysis of genetic relationships among nineteen provenances of Dendranthema morifolium Ramat. ,four provenances of D.indicum L. ,one provenance of D.nankingese Hand. -Mazz.and one hybrid provenance of D.indicum×D.morifolium 'Gongju' from different locations was carried out by using ISSR molecular marker technique.The results showed that six primers of ISSR were selected from thirty-eight primers and sixty-six bands were amplified by the six primers.Average percentage of polymorphic band was 95.5%. The results of cluster analysis indicated that twenty-five provenances could be divided into two groups at λ=16,one group including D.indicum,D.nankingese and a hybrid,another group including nineteen provenances of D.morifolium,the latter was further divided into two groups according to geographic origins.Genetic relationships among most of D.morifolium provenances from the Northern of China were close and genetic relationships among most of D.morifolium provenances from the Southern of China were also close.
The Impact of the Introduction of the UK Minimum Wage on the Employment Probabilities of Low Wage Workers

This paper uses individual-level longitudinal data from three contrasting datasets (LFS, BHPS and NES) to estimate the impact of the introduction of the UK minimum wage (in April 1999) on the probability of subsequent employment among those whose wages would have had to be raised to comply with the new minimum. A difference-in-differences estimator is used based on position in the wage distribution.span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> The estimated effect is insignificantly different from zero for all four demographic groups considered. The evidence is consistent across the three datasets and is robust to an extensive range of modifications considered.
Structural Equation Models Appendix to An R and S-PLUS Companion to Applied Regression

Structural equation models (SEMs), also called simultaneous equation models, are multivariate (i.e., multiequation) regression models. Unlike the more traditional multivariate linear model, however, the response variable in one regression equation in an SEM may appear as a predictor in another equation; indeed, variables in an SEM may influence one-another reciprocally, either directly or through other variables as intermediaries. These structural equations are meant to represent causal relationships among the variables in the model. A cynical view of SEMs is that their popularity in the social sciences reflects the legitimacy that the models appear to lend to causal interpretation of observational data, when in fact such interpretation is no less problematic than for other kinds of regression models applied to observational data. A more charitable interpretation is that SEMs are close to the kind of informal thinking about causal relationships that is common in social-science theorizing, and that, therefore, these models facilitate translating such theories into data analysis. In economics, in contrast, structural-equation models may stem from formal theory. To my knowledge, the only facility in S for fitting structural equation models is my sem library, which at present is available for R but not for S-PLUS. The sem library includes functions for estimating structural equations in observed-variables models by two-stage least squares, and for fitting general structural equation models with multinormal errors and latent variables by full-information maximum likelihood. These methods are covered (along with the associated terminology) in the subsequent sections of the appendix. As I write this appendix, the sem library is in a preliminary form, and the capabilities that it provides are modest compared with specialized structural equation software. Structural equation modeling is a large subject. Relatively brief introductions may be found in Fox (1984: Ch. 4) and in Duncan (1975); Bollen (1989) is a standard book-length treatment, now slightly dated; and most general econometric texts (e.g., Greene, 1993: Ch. 20; Judge et al., 1985: Part 5) take up at least observed-variables structural equation models.
Harmony and Tension in Child Care Work: Implication for Occupational FCS Education.

The purpose of this study was to explore how aesthetic concepts of harmony and tension contribute to the vocational goals and perceptions of students preparing for child care work. 1 Nine students, recently or currently enrolled in occupational family and consumer sciences (FCS) child care programs and courses, were interviewed regarding their perceptions of harmony and tension in their schooling and work. Respondents indicated that they experience harmony in their love of children, enjoyment of teamwork, and personal mission to help children. Their interest in child care services often began in childhood, then grew stronger with hands-on experience in child care labs or centers. Although several participants briefly mentioned a desire for better wages and more respect from society, such tensions seemed to be accepted and not critically questioned. Educators in occupational child care programs should strengthen curriculum to help learners identify, critique, and address tensions such as low status and low pay within the larger societal environment.
Early-Time, Multi-Component Mobile Tem For Deep Metal Detection

Data examples from a recent project show very interesting and useful characteristics of the earlytime data from the horizontal components of TEM surveys used in deep metal detection for targets such as USTs, UXOs, and utilities. Normally, most deep metal detection surveys utilize a system in which one or two TEM measurements of the vertical component (Hz) are acquired. These systems usually acquire data at relatively late times (hundreds of microseconds after transmitter turn-off), to allow the background earth response to decay to zero. A good example is the popular Geonics EM-61 system. By recording data at numerous time windows for all three components (Hx, Hy, and Hz), however, from early times (a few microseconds) through late times, additional significant information is acquired. In one recent project, a 55-acre site was surveyed (by another contractor) with an EM-61, and several subsurface targets were identified for excavation. Small areas around these targets, totaling only 2.25 acres, were re-surveyed using a multi-component, early-time system. In addition to verifying the targets, four additional anomalies that were not evident in the Hz data were detected, including two buried powerlines. Examination of the horizontal component data of the field also appears to be particularly useful in discriminating targets. For example, linear features such as pipelines and powerlines are easily distinguished from 3-dimensional targets with only a single line of data, instead of requiring an array of lines to interpret the targets based on the geometry of anomalies on adjacent lines.
Cleavage of the iron-methionine bond in c-type cytochromes: Crystal structure of oxidized and reduced cytochrome c2 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris and its ammonia complex

The three-dimensional structures of the native cytochrome c2 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris and of its ammonia complex have been obtained at pH 4.4 and pH 8.5, respectively. The structure of the native form has been refined in the oxidized state at 1.70 A and in the reduced state at 1.95 A resolution. These are the first high-resolution crystal structures in both oxidation states of a cytochrome c2 with relatively high redox potential (+350 mV). The differences between the two oxidation states of the native form, including the position of internal water molecules, are small. The unusual six-residue insertion Gly82-Ala87, which precedes the heme binding Met93, forms an isolated 310-helix secondary structural element not previously observed in other c-type cytochromes. Furthermore, this cytochrome shows an external methionine residue involved in a strained folding near the exposed edge of the heme. The structural comparison of the present cytochrome c2 with other c-type cytochromes has revealed that the presence of such a residue, with torsion angles ϕ and ξ of approximately −140 and −130°, respectively, is a typical feature of this family of proteins. The refined crystal structure of the ammonia complex, obtained at 1.15 A resolution, shows that the sulphur atom of the Met93 axial ligand does not coordinate the heme iron atom, but is replaced by an exogenous ammonia molecule. This is the only example so far reported of an X-ray structure with the heme iron coordinated by an ammonia molecule. The detachment of Met93 is accompanied by a very localized change in backbone conformation, involving mainly the residues Lys92, Met93, and Thr94. Previous studies under typical denaturing conditions, including high-pH values and the presence of exogenous ligands, have shown that the detachment of the Met axial ligand is a basic step in the folding/unfolding process of c-type cytochromes. The ammonia adduct represents a structural model for this important step of the unfolding pathway. Factors proposed to be important for the methionine dissociation are the strength of the H-bond between the Met93 and Tyr66 residues that stabilizes the native form, and the presence in this bacterial cytochrome c2 of the rare six-residue insertion in the helix 310 conformation that increases Met loop flexibility.
Combinatorial Approximation Algorithms: Guaranteed Versus Experimental Performance

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
The inhibitory effects of pure flavonoids on in vitro protein glycosylation.

Non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins is the major cause of diabetic complications, such as cardiovascular disorders, retino-pathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. It seems that protein glycosylation can be inhibited effectively by antioxidants. Several flavonoids, such as rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, apigenin, naringin, morin and biochanin A were selected to determine their antioxidant effects on in vitro insulin, hemoglobin and albumin glycosylation. The optimal glucose concentration and incubation time were obtained for each protein. Then, the inhibition percentage of protein glycosylation was measured in the presence of three different concentrations (0.5,5,10 ng/ml) of each flavonoids by a colorimetric method. The results demonstrated that biochanin A, the best inhibitor of insulin and hemoglobin glycosylation, inhibits their glycosylation 100%and 60%, respectively. Glycosylation of albumin was inhibited 100%by both biochanin A and apigenin. Therefore, it seems probable that plants containing flavonoi.
Conservation of harvested populations in fluctuating environments: the case of the Serengeti wildebeest

1. In this paper we examine the effects of alternative harvesting strategies on the wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) population in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, within a Bayesian decision setting. 2. A wildebeest population dynamics model is constructed where mortality and recruitment are driven by environmental conditions. The applicability of the model is explored by fitting it to historical abundance data. 3. The uncertainty about the true dynamics of the population is represented by different degrees of rainfall-dependence in the recruitment of new individuals to the population. The likelihood of alternative recruitment scenarios is estimated within a Bayesian statistical framework. 4. The implications of different harvesting strategies for conservation, harvest productivity and harvest variability are evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation of the population dynamics and harvest process. 5. The risk of collapse of the unexploited population is found to be higher for more rainfall-dependent recruitment scenarios. A clear trade-off exists between maximizing average harvest and minimizing the risk of population collapse. Constant harvest rate exploitation regimes produce similar average harvests to constant quota regimes and at the same time significantly reduce the risk of collapse. 6. The fastest way to determine the intensity of rainfall-dependence in the recruitment process is to eliminate all exploitation.
Comparing several robust tests of stochastic equality with ordinally scaled variables and small to moderate sized samples

: In a comparison of 2 treatments, if outcome scores are denoted by X in 1 condition and by Y in the other, stochastic equality is defined as P(X Y). Tests of stochastic equality can be affected by characteristics of the distributions being compared, such as heterogeneity of variance. Thus, various robust tests of stochastic equality have been proposed and are evaluated here using a Monte Carlo study with sample sizes ranging from 10 to 30. Three robust tests are identified that perform well in Type I error rates and power except when extremely skewed data co-occur with very small n. When tests of stochastic equality might be preferred to tests of means is also considered.
Evidence that the tandem-pleckstrin-homology-domain-containing protein TAPP1 interacts with Ptd(3,4)P2 and the multi-PDZ-domain-containing protein MUPP1 in vivo

PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 is an established second messenger of growth-factor and insulin-induced signalling pathways. There is increasing evidence that one of the immediate breakdown products of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, namely PtdIns(3,4)P2, whose levels are elevated by numerous extracellular agonists, might also function as a signalling molecule. Recently, we identified two related pleckstrin-homology (PH)-domain-containing proteins, termed 'tandem-PH-domain-containing protein-1' (TAPP1) and TAPP2, which interacted in vitro with high affinity with PtdIns(3,4)P2, but did not bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 or other phosphoinositides. In the present study we demonstrate that stimulation of Swiss 3T3 or 293 cells with agonists that stimulate PtdIns(3,4)P2 production results in the marked translocation of TAPP1 to the plasma membrane. This recruitment is dependent on a functional PtdIns(3,4)P2-binding PH domain and is inhibited by wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor that prevents PtdIns(3,4)P2 generation. A search for proteins that interact with TAPP1 identified the multi-PDZ-containing protein termed 'MUPP1', a protein possessing 13 PDZ domains and no other known modular or catalytic domains [PDZ is postsynaptic density protein (PSD-95)/Drosophila disc large tumour suppressor (dlg)/tight junction protein (ZO1)]. We demonstrate that immunoprecipitation of endogenously expressed TAPP1 from 293-cell lysates results in the co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous MUPP1, indicating that these proteins are likely to interact with each other physiologically. We show that TAPP1 and TAPP2 interact with the 10th and 13th PDZ domain of MUPP1 through their C-terminal amino acids. The results of the present study suggest that TAPP1 and TAPP2 could function in cells as adapter proteins to recruit MUPP1, or other proteins that they may interact with, to the plasma membrane in response to signals that elevate PtdIns(3,4)P2.
First-year and adult survival of the endangered Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni in southern France

Capsule Local first-year survival is higher in La Crau than in Spain with a high proportion of first-year birds returning to their natal area. Aims To understand life history parameters that may be responsible for a population growth since the 1990s. Methods Between 1994 and 1998, 342 birds were ringed as fledglings. From capture–recapture data, annual local survival and the proportion of first-year birds returning to their natal area were computed. Results The annual survival probabilities of adult and first-year birds were constant during the study period (0.67 and 0.57, respectively). A high proportion (0.72) of birds ringed as fledglings returned to their natal area after one year. Of these, an estimated 53% bred in that first year. Local first-year survival is higher in La Crau than other areas in Spain. Conclusion The high local survival rate, the product of survival and philopatry, might be responsible for the positive trend of the population. A peculiar aspect of the La Crau population is that ground nests have been increasingly common since the 1990s despite a higher risk of breeding failure.
Controlled mechanical systems with friction

Grey-box modeling covers the domain where we want to use a balanced amount of white-box modeling based on first principles and black-box modeling based on empiricism. The two grey-box models presented combine a white-box model with a black-box model, i.c. , a Neural Network model and a Polytopic model that are capable of identifying friction characteristics that are left unexplained by first principles modeling. In an experimental case-study, both grey-box models are applied to identify a rotating arm subjected to friction. An augmented state extended Kalman filter is used iteratively and off-line for the estimation of unknown parameters. For the studied example and defined black-box topologies, little difference is observed between the two models. In addition, the applicability of the identified models is illustrated in a model based friction compensation control scheme with the objective to linearize the system. This chapter has been published in the European Journal of Control [62]. The Extended Kalman Filter tool used in this chapter is documented in more detail in [61].
DNA barcode identification of shark fillet reveals fraudulent commerce in Brazil

Abstract Fraudulent mislabeling of fish products has been reported with some frequency, representing an important problem in the food industry and regulatory agencies of many countries. This case reports a fraudulent substitution of shark fillets for the much cheaper Striped-catfish, in a large purchase for public elementary school meals in a Brazilian town. The economic and nutritional aspects involving such mislabeling demonstrate a serious fraud that should alarm governmental regulatory agencies to implement a more rigorous and frequent monitoring system on the species verification to guarantee the safety and quality of seafood.
Eine Fallstudie zur Spezifikation von Fachkomponenten eines Informationssystems für Virtuelle Finanzdienstleister - Beschreibung und Schlussfolgerungen

Zusammenfassung. In dem Beitrag wird zunächst kurz die Funktionalität des Forschungsprototyps cofis.net, einem Informationssystem für Virtuelle Finanzdienstleister, vorgestellt und ein Einblick in seine Entwicklungsgeschichte gewährt. Anschließend wird ein Überblick über die Fachkomponenten des Informationssystems geben. Die Fachkomponenten von cofis.net wurden auf Basis des Memorandums zur Vereinheitlichung der Spezifikation von Fachkomponenten des Arbeitskreises 5.10. 3: Komponentenorientierte betriebliche Anwendungssysteme der Gesellschaft für Informatik spezifiziert. Auszüge aus der erstellten Spezifikation werden vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden Erfahrungen, die bei der Spezifikation gemacht worden sind, sowie dabei identifizierte Problembereiche dargelegt. Abgerundet wird die Fallstudie durch Empfehlungen, die Hinweise zur Weiterentwicklung des Memorandums beschreiben.