Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic collision reduction protocol for ultra-wide bandwidth multiple access networks

In this thesis, we provide a cross-layer analysis of the throughput of the dynamic collision reduction (DCR) protocol, a multiple access protocol that requires frame synchronization. At the physical-layer, we develop the optimal neighbor detector for ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) signaling in a dense multipath environment with delay uncertainty. The detector takes advantage of the inherent multipath diversity associated with UWB signaling. We then develop an effective distributed control policy, derived from a dynamic programming formulation, to increase the throughput of UWB random-access networks in the DCR protocol. Finally, we construct a model for the distribution of nodes in the plane enabling closed-form analysis of two-hop signaling over wireless channels while capturing many of the transmission dependencies between randomly located relaying nodes. Our results demonstrate promising throughput. Thesis Supervisor: Moe Z. Win Title: Charles Stark Draper Assistant Professor
Tracing the propagation of cosmic rays in the Milky Way halo with Fermi-LAT observations of high- and intermediate-velocity clouds

Cosmic rays up to at least PeV energies are usually described in the framework of an elementary scenario that involves acceleration by objects that are located in the disk of the Milky Way, such as supernova remnants or massive star-forming regions, and then diffusive propagation throughout the Galaxy. Details of the propagation process are so far inferred mainly from the composition of cosmic rays measured near the Earth and then extrapolated to the whole Galaxy. The details of the propagation in the Galactic halo and the escape into the intergalactic medium remain uncertain. The densities of cosmic rays in specific locations can be traced via the gamma rays they produce in inelastic collisions with clouds of interstellar gas. Therefore, we analyze 73 months of Fermi-LAT data from 300 MeV to 10 GeV in the direction of several high- and intermediate-velocity clouds that are located in the halo of the Milky Way. These clouds are supposed to be free of internal sources of cosmic rays and hence any gamma-ray emission from them samples the large-scale distribution of Galactic cosmic rays. We evaluate for the first time the gamma-ray emissivity per hydrogen atom up to ~7 kpc above the Galactic disk. The emissivity is found to decrease with distance from the disk, which provides direct evidence that cosmic rays at the relevant energies originate therein. Furthermore, the emissivity of one of the targets, the upper intermediate-velocity Arch, hints at a 50% decline of the cosmic-ray intensity within 2 kpc from the disk.
Bioassays, batch culture and chemostat experimentation, Approaches and tools to manipulate the carbonate chemistry

Although the chemistry of ocean acidifi cation is very well understood (see chapter 1), its impact on marine organisms and ecosystems remains poorly known. The biological response to ocean acidifi cation is a recent field of research, the fi rst purposeful experiments have only been carried out as late as the 1980s (Agegian, 1985) and most were not performed until the late 1990s. The potentially dire consequences of ocean acidifi cation have attracted the interest of scientists and students with a limited knowledge of the carbonate chemistry and its experimental manipulation. Perturbation experiments are one of the key approaches used to investigate the biological response to elevated p(CO2). Such experiments are based on measurements of physiological or metabolic processes in organisms and communities exposed to seawater with normal and altered carbonate chemistry. The basics of the carbonate chemistry must be understood to perform meaningful CO2 perturbation experiments (see chapter 1). Briefl y, the marine carbonate system considers € CO2 ∗(aq) [the sum of CO2 and H2CO3], € HCO3 −, € CO3 2−, H+, € OH− , and several weak acid-base systems of which borate-boric acid (€ B(OH)4 − , B(OH)3) is the most important. As discussed by Dickson (chapter 1), if two components of the carbonate chemistry are known, all the other components can be calculated for seawater with typical nutrient concentrations at given temperature, salinity, and pressure. One of the possible pairs is of particular interest because both components can be measured with precision, accuracy, and are conservative in the sense that their concentrations do not change with temperature or pressure. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the sum of all dissolved inorganic carbon species while total alkalinity (AT) equals € [HCO3 − ] + 2 € [CO3 2− ] + € [B(OH)4 − ] + € [OH− ] - [H+] + minor components, and refl ects the excess of proton acceptors over proton donors with respect to a zero level of protons (see chapter 1 for a detailed defi nition). AT is determined by the titration of seawater with a strong acid and thus can also be regarded as a measure of the buffering capacity. Any changes in any single component of the carbonate system will lead to changes in several, if not all, other components. In other words, it is not possible to vary a single component of the carbonate system while keeping all other components constant. This interdependency in the carbonate system is important to consider when performing CO2 perturbation experiments. To adjust seawater to different p(CO2) levels, the carbonate system can be manipulated in various ways that usually involve changes in AT or DIC. The goal of this chapter is (1) to examine the benefi ts and drawbacks of various manipulation methods used to date and (2) to provide a simple software package to assist the design of perturbation experiments.
LOW POWER 9T FULL ADDER USING INVERSION LOGIC

The low-power clubbed with low-energy has become an important issue in recent trends of VLSI. This paper presents pre-layout and post-layout simulations of a new 9T full adder cell at low voltages. The main objective of design is low power consumption and full voltage swing which is achieved at low supply voltage. The proposed design shows its superiority against existing adder in terms of power consumption, power-delay product (PDP), temperature sustainability and noise immunity. All the pre-layout and post-layout simulations have been performed at 45nm technology on Tanner EDA Tool version 12.6.
Vegetative compatibility groups of Amylostereum areolatum and A. chailletii from Sweden and Lithuania

Mycelial interactions were studied between 28 isolates of Amylostereum areolatum and 15 of A. chailletii from wounded spruce in 10 sample plots in Sweden and Lithuania. Based on somatic incompatibility, nine vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of A. areolatum were detected. Five of these VCGs were isolated from two or more trees and included 24 (86%) of all isolates. In A. chailletii, 12 VCGs were found and three contained two isolates each. Grouping of isolates into VCGs was more pronounced in A. areolatum. Two of the A. areolatum VCGs had wide geographical distribution. VCG A2 was isolated from 14 different trees in two Swedish and four Lithuanian sample plots. VCG A1 was found in one plot in Sweden and in two in Lithuania. VCGs of A. chailletii had a local distribution and were confined to a single sample plot or to a forest stand. In A. areolatum occurrence of compatible pairings between isolates was uniform in all spatial scales of investigation: within a plot, within each country and among both countries. The proportion of somatically compatible A. chailletii isolates was significantly lower and decreased with geographic distance.
Fast Sampling Control of Singularly Perturbed Systems with Actuator Saturation and Disturbance

We will consider the problem of fast sampling control for singularly perturbed systems subject to actuator saturation and disturbance. A sufficient condition for the existence of a state feedback controller is proposed. Under this controller, the boundedness of the trajectories in the presence of disturbances is guaranteed for any singular perturbation parameter less than or equal to a predefined upper bound. To improve the capacity of disturbance tolerance and disturbance rejection, two convex optimization problems are formulated. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the main results of this paper.
The Octocorallian genera Spongodes Lesson, Neospongodes Kükenthal and Stereonephthya Kükenthal

The type specimens of Spongodes celosia Lesson and of spicata Wright & Studer are redescribed. They are conspecific and must be called Stereonephthya celosia (Lesson). Most probably, Spongodes digitata Wright & Studer is also a Stereonephthya species. The validity of the genus Neospongodes Kukenthal is discussed. The species N. portoricensis must be transferred to the genus Stereonephthya, but the generic name Neospongodes must be maintained for N. atlantica Kukenthal. N. bahiensis Kukenthal is conspecific with N. atlantica.
Use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of selected movement disorders

Abstract Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a valuable technique for assessing the underlying neurophysiology associated with various neuropathologies, and is a unique tool for establishing potential neural mechanisms responsible for disease progression. Recently, repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been advanced as a potential therapeutic technique to treat selected neurologic disorders. In healthy individuals, rTMS can induce changes in cortical excitability. Therefore, targeting specific cortical areas affected by movement disorders theoretically may alter symptomology. This review discusses the evidence for the efficacy of rTMS in Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. It is hoped that gaining a more thorough understanding of the timing and parameters of rTMS in individuals with neurodegenerative disorders may advance both clinical care and research into the most effective uses of this technology.
Longitudinal Poverty and Income Inequality a Comparative Panel Study for the Netherlands, Germany and the UK

A valve having a valve closing member rotatably supported on one or more valve stems which are positionally infinitely adjustable is disclosed. The valve has a valve body defining a bore with an upper passageway extending from the bore. A valve stem extends coaxially through the passageway and rotatably supports the valve closing member in the bore. A cartridge is coaxially located within the passageway between the valve body and the stem. The cartridge captures the valve stem and engages the passageway via screw threads allowing for infinite positional adjustment. The cartridge also houses bearings for rotation of the stem and seals for sealing the passageway. The valve body may have a second passageway coaxially aligned with the first passageway in which a second valve stem is located. The second stem engages the passageway via screw threads allowing for infinite positional adjustment. The adjustable stems allow the valve closing member to remain perfectly centered within the bore for maximum valve operational life.
M-App & Health Knowledge Management – Virtual Artfacts between Doctor & Patient

Knowledge is more and more a strategic resource for health organizations while information and communication technology earns an important role for sharing knowledge and informations among people in and out organizations. These conditions satisfy specific demands related to the new emerging information needs, asking for a change in relationships and effective communication. So, the Medicine Apps represent an emerging and rapidly developing framework for health system, able to contribute to its quality and efficiency. The same Union European and U.S. Supervisory Authority activated in the last years an appropriate study in order to control the Medical Applications downloaded directly through mobile devices and able to influence health performance. This work presents the results of the descriptive studies in order to make clear the general dynamics and functionality of the Medicine categories Apps and their effective support in the relationship between doctors and patients; in addition, it will be possible to know how such a tool can create virtual communities that influence the same quality of patient care.
Quick-response codes and their acceptance in mobile shopping

The following paper aims at providing an analysis of the current literature concerning QR Codes and their influence on consumer behavior. It is designed to provide insight into current theories and applications and conclude with future research recommendations. In order to achieve this, a literature review and a SWOT analysis were conducted to ensure a clear overview while covering the necessary literature. The research question is concerned with what factors contribute to the adoption of QR Codes in retail. It was discovered that one must make a distinction between various influences, here divided into extrinsic/intrinsic motivation and privacy concerns. Of these three forces, marketers are recommended to focus on the extrinsic motivation as it is the easiest to influence as an external party. Inside this motivation, yet another separation can be made, between utilitarian and non-utilitarian benefits. The most noteworthy finding here was that Infotainment, a combination of information and entertainment, appears to be the most sought out non-utilitarian benefit and should receive some focus from both future researches and marketers. Regarding the limitations, the most pressing issue is the lack of literature since the topic of QR Codes is still in a development stage while the technology continues to diffuse. This paper also depicts theoretical and managerial implications as it suggests a new theoretical framework for the topic combining existing theories such as the TAM and U&G, and can be used by managers in the future.
Generation of Turbulent Inflow Data with a Prescribed Shear-Stress Profile

Abstract : We propose a new method for the generation of turbulent inflow data which avoids a long-range temporal correlation in the artificial velocity signal. It turns out that the method is fairly robust with respect to several of the parameters which can be chosen. These include the spectrum of the random turbulence introduced at the domain inlet, the streamwise extent of the control zone, the number of x, z-planes where body-forces are applied, the streamwise spacing between stations, and the vertical extent of the forcing zone. The method is not restricted to equilibrium situations since turbulence is forced to follow a prescribed target profile. The method is capable to both enhance and damp existing fluctuations in order to achieve a desired target, e.g. the shear stress average (u'v'). The method can easily be extended to consider other targets such as average U or rms profiles. Possibly, the occurrence of "adverse" forces at later stations could be avoided entirely by correcting only part of the "error" at the first station. Similar strategies might be applied in the context of hybrid RANS/LES approaches, where zones exist in which the grid is too coarse for resolving a sufficient range of energy containing eddies, e.g. near the wall. There, the generation of "supporting" stresses induced by body forces might be useful in order to achieve a smooth transition between regions which are modeled via RANS and via LES, respectively.
Cultural control of Cameraria ohridella on horsechestnut in urban areas by removing fallen leaves in autumn

Since the 1990s, the leafminer Cameraria ohridella has spread in central and southern Europe causing heavy damage on horsechestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). Because biological control of the pest is not yet a reality, other measures must be adopted. Cultural control by removing fallen leaves of horsechestnut in autumn has often been proposed, and with this 3-year study the effectiveness of this practice under urban conditions has been shown and measured. The almost complete removal of leaves caused a significant reduction in infestation. The area of leaf surface injured decreased on average by more than 90% in early June, three quarters in late July, and a third in late August, and early leaf fall was always avoided. The proximity to sites with no leaf removal reduced the benefits of leaf removal as the season advanced. In the context of Integrated Pest Management, this cultural method contributes significantly to reduce C. ohridella damage.
Fourier spectrum and shape evolution of an internal Riemann wave of moderate amplitude

The nonlinear deformation of long internal waves in the ocean is studied using the dispersionless Gardner equation. The process of nonlinear wave deformation is determined by the signs of the coefficients of the quadratic and cubic nonlinear terms; the breaking time depends only on their absolute values. The explicit formula for the Fourier spectrum of the deformed Riemann wave is derived and used to investigate the evolution of the spectrum of the initially pure sine wave. It is shown that the spectrum has exponential form for small times and a power asymptotic before breaking. The power asymptotic is universal for arbitrarily chosen coefficients of the nonlinear terms and has a slope close to –8/3.
Ocean thermal energy conversion by deliberate seawater salinization

Consideration is given to the possibility of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) by the deliberate salinization of surface seawater. The proposed technique is similar to traditional OTEC, with one important exception: rather than cold water being brought from the bottom to the surface, the warm surface water is circulated to the bottom, cooled there, and lifted back to the surface. The entire process is driven by the induced salinity gradient at the surface. As a result, there is no need for a pumping system to bring the cold bottom water to the surface. Two methods are explored for surface salinity enhancement, namely solar evaporation and the direct addition of salt to the seawater.
La creencia en la rehabilitación y reinserción social de los internos de prisión como factor protector de la salud laboral de los trabajadores || Belief in rehabilitation and social reinsertion of prisoners positive factor employees occupational health

La literatura demuestra que un factor protector de la salud de los trabajadores de instituciones penitenciarias es la creencia en la rehabilitacion y la reinsercion de los internos. Esta actitud positiva previene problemas de salud laboral al evitar, fundamentalmente, el sindrome de burnout. Este trabajo investiga si una actitud positiva o negativa hacia la creencia en la rehabilitacion y reinsercion de los penados provee de mayor o menor proteccion frente a problemas de salud psicosocial. Participaron en el estudio 536 trabajadores de prisiones peruanas. Se recogio informacion de variables personales y laborales, asi como cuestionarios de burnout, satisfaccion en el trabajo, conciliacion entre vida laboral y familiar. Y conflicto y ambiguedad de rol. Los datos confirman que la creencia en la rehabilitacion y la reinsercion implica mas salud laboral al provocar mas satisfaccion laboral, menor burnout y mayores niveles de conciliacion entre la vida laboral y familiar, por otras parte implica mas ambiguedad y conflicto de rol (deteriorando por lo tanto la salud psicosocial). Un analisis de regresion establece que las tres variables predictoras de la actitud positiva hacia la rehabilitacion y la reinsercion son la satisfaccion laboral, la interaccion negativa trabajo-familia, y la ambiguedad de rol. Se discuten los resultados y se proponen tanto futuras lineas de investigacion como la necesidad de promocionar programas dirigidos a los trabajadores que definan mas sus tareas, de cara a evitar la ambiguedad de rol.
COMMENT LETTER ON THE EXPOSURE DRAFT (ED/2009/5) Fair Value Measurement

The objective is the development of a consistent framework on fair value that would replace the piecemeal guidance dispersed throughout many IFRSs. As such, consistency in the proposed standard is sought after by the authors, as is clarity. Although a discussion of the merits of fair value as a measurement basis is asked to be restricted by the Board, we find it fruitful to attempt to evaluate the proposed standard not only on the basis of the two above-mentioned criteria, but also on how well it stands up to scrutiny both theoretically and empirically. Some research discussed below is a priori, but representative a posteriori research is also reflected upon, the arguments and conclusions from both types echoing the most prominent views presented here.
A Grystal-Ghemical Study of Synthetic Magnesiohastingsite

Mcissbauer and infrared spectra of synthetic magnesiohastingsite (Mh), NaCa2Mg4Fea+SisAlzOzz (OH)2, indicate that, except at high values oflo,, Fe occurs both as Fe2+ and Fe3+ contrary to the ideal formula. The amount of Fe2+ produced is a function of the oxygen fugacity of synthesis. Oxidation and reduction of Fe may be carried out reversibly under hydrothermal conditions at relatively fast rates. Apparently this does not involve gain or loss of O(3)-H hydroxyls contrary to the case ofFe2+ bearing sodic amphiboles. Octahedrally coordinated cations are significantly ordered among the M(1), M(2), and M(3) sites in agreement with recent crystal-structure determinations. The distribution scheme is dependent on the amount of Fer+ and Fea+ present. Refractive indices (c = 1.642-1.657 t :1.653-1.672),color, and unit-cell parameters (a:9.928-9.933 A; b: 18.01518.029 A; c : 5.282-5.257 A;9 : 105.43-105.46o) also reflect the lo, of synthesis. Physical properties agree well with a sample of natural Mh similar to U-1236 of Larsen (1942). The experimental data suggest a mechanism to produce Fez+ in synthetic Mh which involves an excess of two protons (and/or anionic defects at low lo,) per unit formula.
Linkages in Vegetable Marketing System of Tan Yen, Bac Giang, Viet Nam

DOI: 10.15580/GJAS.2015. 3.041015051 In the past few years, production and marketing activities between Tan Yen vegetable farmers and processing companies have gradually gained local authorities attention. The Bacgiang People’s Committee, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Farmers Union, and the Bacgiang Vegetable Processing Company Association conducted hearings in which commune leaders, local government officials, and academics offered their perspectives on how the recent development of the vegetable processing sector have affected the economic efficiency of each factors chained in the system. Vegetable producers are concerned that recent growing incidence of contract non-compliance taking part in the processing companies has caused lower benefit they earn from the sector. Processing companies argue that the unstable customer market and world price fluctuation reflect their costs of doing business. Contract farming in the marketing system, as the new practice, is supposed to have a long-term relationship with continued commitment. However, institutional structure, information on functions and especially linkages between actors, the governance mechanism, and the integral part of local government intervention are necessary to mention but, limited in research. For this reason, this study attempted to describe Tan Yen vegetable marketing system in a systematic, structural, social, and behavioral way. With combined methodologies, the analysis was focused on evaluating the system’s linkages among participated actors to place under the context of sustainable livelihood for the small vegetable producers. The conclusion is that the system has relatively weak linkages between actors involved and inefficiency for small producers. Submitted: 10/04/2015 Accepted: 22/06/2015 Published: 29/06/2015