Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Techno‐economic feasibility analysis of integrating grid‐tied solar PV plant in a wind farm at Harapanahalli, India

Energy in different forms is required to drive a nation's growth and its sustenance. However, a significant issue that plagues the world is exploitation of fossil fuel negligently, for domestic and commercial requirements. The Government of India (GoI) has devised its renewable energy policies to encourage and promote the use of renewable energy sources in an efficient manner. In this paper, feasibility is explored for employing solar PV power generation at a wind power generation site through hybridization such that power production can be improved throughout the year. Simulation studies have been conducted for the site using RETScreen to analyze hybrid power generation at Harapanahalli in Karnataka, India. The wind farm has 18 wind turbine generator (WTG's) installed, having 2 MWe capacities each, producing 36 MWe supplied to the local grid. By using sun path and shadow analysis for the site, it is calculated that 344,531.25 m2 of shadow‐free space is available which can be suitably used for alternate methods of power generation. From the present analysis, it is predicted that annual power generation capacity of the site can be improved by about 90% on adopting hybrid power generation. The project cost is pegged at 188 crores Indian rupees (INR) and the payback period of the hybrid system was ascertained to be approximately 7 years.
Instrumental techniques used in the analysis of exhaled air

Exhaled air composition changes depending on the health status of the patient, making it possible to use breath analysis for diagnosis and monitoring purposes. Despite the fact that it is not yet used in every day medical practice, it potential application could facilitate the diagnostics of various diseases such as metabolic disorders, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal diseases. Described in this paper are different application of exhaled air analysis. Additionally, currently available techniques of sample analysis are discussed, as well as their potential advantages and disadvantages.
Unprecedented Nucleophilic Attack of Piperidine on the Electron Acceptor during the Synthesis of Push‐Pull Dyes by a
 Knoevenagel
 Reaction

: An unprecedented nucleophilic addition of piperidine on an electron acceptor, namely, 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H -cyclopenta[ b ]naphthalen-1-ylidene)malononitrile is reported. This unexpected behavior was observed during the synthesis of push-pull dyes using the classical Knoevenagel reaction. To overcome this drawback, use of diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) enabled to produce the expected dyes PP1 and PP2 . The optical and electrochemical properties of the different dyes were examined. Theoretical calculations were also carried out to support the experimental results. To evidence the higher electron-withdrawing ability of this electron acceptor, a comparison was established with two dyes ( PP3 and PP4 ) comprising its shorter analogue Nucleophilic Electron Acceptor An unprecedented nucleophilic addition of piperidine on an electron acceptor, namely, 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H -cyclopenta[ b ]naphthalen-1-ylidene)malononitrile is reported. This unexpected behavior was observed during the synthesis of push-pull dyes using the classical Knoevenagel reaction. To overcome this drawback, use of diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) enabled to produce the expected dyes PP1 and PP2 . The optical and electrochemical properties of the different dyes were examined. Theoretical calculations were also carried out to support the experimental results. To evidence the higher electron-withdrawing ability of this electron acceptor, a comparison was established with two dyes ( PP3 and PP4 ) comprising its shorter analogue.
The crystal structure of 3-benzyl-1-((8-(benzyloxy)quinolin-2-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate, C27H24N3OF6P

Abstract C27H24N3OF6P, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 18.0589(18) Å, b = 12.5100(9) Å, c = 13.3659(12) Å, β = 124.522(7)°, V = 2487.9(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0437, wRref(F2) = 0.1141, T = 113(2) K.
Regulators of Centromeric Nucleosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The centromere is a specialized chromosomal structure that regulates faithful chromosome segregation during cell division, as it dictates the site of assembly of the kineto-chore. In all organisms, the centromeric nucleosomes are specified by a H3 variant, known as Cse4 in budding yeast. How these centromeric nucleosomes are assembled and perpetuated is only beginning to be understood. Scm3 is an evolutionarily conserved essential inner kinetochore protein that has been shown to be important for centromere specification. Plasmid supercoiling assays performed in vitro with recombinant proteins demonstrate that Scm3 can act as a Cse4-specific nucleosome assembly factor. Assembly activity depends on an evolutionarily conserved domain of Scm3 and the centromere targeting domain (CATD) of Cse4, but is sequence independent. Interestingly, micrococcal nuclease digestion of Scm3 assembled Cse4 nucleosomes reveals that less DNA is protected compared to Nap 1 assembled Cse4 nucleosomes, suggesting structural differences. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in combination with brightness measurements and confocal imaging experiments in live cells revealed that centromeres at G1 phase have one copy of Cse4 per centromeric nucleosome whereas two copies are detected at anaphase. The apparent structural change occurs at the “metaphase to anaphase” transition. We propose a model in which the structure and composition of centromeric nucleosomes is cell cycle regulated. Our model reconciles experimental evidence for the existence of both the hemisome and the octasome.
Crystal structure of hexakis(μ2-azido-κ2N:N)-diazido-κ1N-tetrakis(phenanthroline-κ2N,N′)tetrazinc(II), C48H32N32Zn4

Abstract C48H32N32Zn4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.9928(14) Å, b = 10.1374(14) Å, c = 14.2362(19) Å, α = 71.710(2)°, β = 76.166(2)°, γ = 71.086(2)°, V = 1280.1(3) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0314, wRref(F2) = 0.0795, T = 296(2) K.
An Econometric Analysis of the Birth Process by Racial/Ethnic Groups

This study offers a simultaneous equations model of the birth process with seven endogenous variables: four birth inputs (maternal smoking, maternal drinking, first trimester prenatal care, and maternal weight gain), and three birth outputs (gestational age, birth length, and birth weight). Our analysis conditions on twenty-four exogenous variables. The data are taken from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Separate analyses are performed on five different groups: Whites (both the Main and the Supplemental samples), Blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans. Across all groups, we find sizeable correlation between the disturbances in the four input and three output equations and among output disturbances. Ceteris Paribus, the effect of maternal smoking on BL and BW is negative; the effect of weight gain on BL and BW is positive; long gestation has a favorable effect on both BL and BW; a male infant is longer and heavier than a female infant; and maternal height and weight have a positive effect on BL and BW, respectively. Our results are robust with respect to different model and prior specifications.
Controlling polarization of THz radiation in pair plasma

Polarization-tunable terahertz (THz) radiation in pair plasma has been generated under the combined configuration of a helical wiggler and solenoidal magnetic fields. The control over the electromagnetic vector of the emitted field (i.e. polarization) furnishes the knob of another degree of freedom which is very useful in numerous applications. With the optimization of wiggler period and frequency, the total angular spread of the field has been reduced which provides a narrow-band THz spectrum. Additionally, the solenoidal field not only prevents the escape of particles during laser-matter interaction but also enhances the magnitude of emitted field. Along with the external magnetic field, collisions among the particles and ripples in plasma density have also been considered to fine-tune the radiation.
Numerical studies on autoignition and detonation development from a hot spot in hydrogen/air mixtures

Detonation development inside spark ignition engines can result in the so called super-knock with extremely high pressure oscillation above 200 atm. In this study, numerical simulations of autoignitive reaction front propagation in hydrogen/air mixtures are conducted and the detonation development regime is investigated. A hot spot with linear temperature distribution is used to induce autoignitive reaction front propagation. With the change of temperature gradient or hot spot size, three typical autoignition reaction front modes are identified: supersonic reaction front; detonation development and subsonic reaction front. The effects of initial pressure, initial temperature, fuel type and equivalence ratio on detonation development regime are examined. It is found that the detonation development regime strongly depends on mixture composition (fuel and equivalence ratio) and thermal conditions (initial pressure and temperature). Therefore, to achieve the quantitative prediction of super-knock in engines, we need use the detonation development regime for specific fuel at specific initial temperature, initial pressure, and equivalence ratio.
Targeted Enzyme Engineering Unveiled Unexpected Patterns of Halogenase Stabilization

Halogenases are valuable biocatalysts for selective C−H activation, but despite recent efforts to broaden their application scope by means of protein engineering, improvement of thermostability and catalytic efficiency is still desired. A directed evolution campaign aimed at generating a thermostable flavin‐dependent tryptophan 6‐halogenase with reasonable activity suitable for chemoenzymatic purposes. These characteristics were tackled by combining successive rounds of epPCR along with semi‐rational mutagenesis leading to a triple mutant (Thal‐GLV) with substantially increased thermostability (▵TM=23.5 K) and higher activity at 25 °C than the wild type enzyme. Moreover, an active‐site mutation has a striking impact on thermostability but also on enantioselectivity. Our data contribute to a detailed understanding of biohalogenation and provide a profound basis for future engineering strategies to facilitate chemoenzymatic application of these attractive biocatalysts.
In vitro effect of Ulva rigida extract on the growth of Lipidium sativum and Allium cepa

The extract of the green macroalgae Ulva rigida C. Agardh (Chlorophyta), which is collected from the Azla coast, was investigated in vitro to test its effect on the growth of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.). Effects of four aqueous concentrations of the seaweed (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg of dried seaweeds per ml of distilled water) were tested on the growth of seedling roots and stems of 1488 plants of garden cress and onion during two weeks. The comparison tests were carried out with an agar medium and Murashige and Skoog mineral salt medium (1962). The results indicated that extract of U. rigida is suitable for plants development.
Color Atlas of Cone Beam Volumetric Imaging for Dental Applications

Dr. Ruprecht is Gilbert E. Lilly Professor of Diagnostic Sciences, Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Iowa, 801 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1001; 319-335-7341; axel-ruprecht{at}uiowa.edu. By Dale A. Miles, D.D.S., M.S. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence
Raman spectroscopic analysis of paddy rice infected by three pests and diseases common in Northeast Asia

Pests and diseases seriously affect the yield and economic benefits of growing rice, and the key to inhibiting rice’s pathogenesis is to find early identification of rice infection. The characteristic Raman spectrum of healthy leaves, and leaves infected with rice blast, paddy rice bakanae and infected by Chilo suppressalis (Walker) were tested by TriVista555CRS laser Raman spectrometer (900cm−1–1700cm−1). At the same integration time, compared with healthy plants, the Raman peak of infected plants not only changed significantly, but also the signal intensity decreased. The results show that there are clear Raman peaks at the three characteristic wavenumbers of 1002.87cm−1, 1156.5cm−1 and 1522.36cm−1. Especially in the leaves of rice blast, it was found that the degree of fungal infection affects the peak width at half height of the characteristic peak. The research shows that Raman spectroscopy provides an effective method for the early detection of rice pests and diseases which may have economic benefits.
Metal-assisted chemical etching of silicon and achieving pore sizes as small as 30 nm by altering gold thickness

Metal-assisted chemical etching is applied to fabricate deep, high aspect ratio nanopores in silicon. The authors’ simple and cost-effective fabrication process has proven capable of generating nanopores with diameters as small as 30 nm, over the whole wafer surface (50.8 mm in diameter). The process uses a thin layer of DC-sputtered gold and H 2 O 2 / H 2 O / HF treatment to generate Au nanoislands. The formation of these nanoislands is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. In this paper, the authors study the effect of Au-layer thickness on the diameter and morphology of the fabricated nanopores. The resulting structures have wide applications in optical sensing and filtering.Metal-assisted chemical etching is applied to fabricate deep, high aspect ratio nanopores in silicon. The authors’ simple and cost-effective fabrication process has proven capable of generating nanopores with diameters as small as 30 nm, over the whole wafer surface (50.8 mm in diameter). The process uses a thin layer of DC-sputtered gold and H 2 O 2 / H 2 O / HF treatment to generate Au nanoislands. The formation of these nanoislands is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. In this paper, the authors study the effect of Au-layer thickness on the diameter and morphology of the fabricated nanopores. The resulting structures have wide applications in optical sensing and filtering.
Sensory acceptance and characterization of yoghurt supplemented with yacon syrup and cashew apple extract as a source of bioactive compounds

Abstract Yacon syrup (YS) and cashew apple extract (CAE) are products with high concentrations of bioactive compounds such as fructooligosaccharides and carotenoids, which exhibit prebiotic and antioxidant properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of YS and CAE on the chemical, physical, physicochemical and sensory properties when these products were incorporated into natural yoghurt. Initially, the YS and CAE were characterized by chemical, physical and physicochemical analyses. The bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, fructooligosaccharides and phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant activity were also determined. After characterization, natural yoghurt was supplemented with YS and CAE in different concentrations as follows: formulation A (non-supplemented yoghurt, as the control), formulation B (yoghurt with the addition of 20% of YS), formulation C (yoghurt with the addition of 20% of YS and 10% of CAE) and formulation D (yoghurt with the addition of 20% of YS and 20% of CAE). The formulations were evaluated for their sensory acceptance (overall acceptance, texture and appearance) and purchase intent, and were then characterized by chemical, physicochemical and physical analyses. The results indicated that the YS and CAE presented high concentrations of bioactive compounds, such as fructooligosaccharides and carotenoids, respectively. In addition, when the yoghurt was supplemented with these products, this induced changes in the chemical, physicochemical and physical properties of the yoghurt. In the sensory analysis, all the formulations presented good acceptance. The results indicated that yoghurt could be considered as an interesting vehicle for YS and CAE, products with high levels of bioactive compounds that may exert beneficial effects on human health.
Terahertz transitions between Landau levels in graphene with different concentrations of electrons

Abstract The probability of terahertz transitions between Landau levels for various magnetic fields at 4.2 K is calculated at different positions of Fermi levels corresponding to different concentrations of electrons. A resonant type magnetic field dependence of light absorption at fixed Fermi energy is demonstrated. Besides the ideal case of well-defined Landau levels with small broadening, the effects of resonance degradation due to big broadenings and big fluctuations of Fermi energy along the sample are demonstrated. The maximum values of light absorption coefficients and their resonance positions in magnetic field scale Bmax were studied in a wide range of Fermi energies from 0 up to 400 meV at frequency THz of the incident beam. The calculation shows that Bmax increases when Fermi energy grows, but there are regions of plateaus resulting in semiladder type of this dependence. The peak values of light absorption manifest a periodic-like dependence on Fermi energy with a huge change in value (in several orders), although the increase in average of maximum value of absorption with Fermi energy is also observed. The possibility to observe photoconductivity response due to photoinduced charge carriers by terahertz transitions between Landau levels is discussed.
Multipolar/polarizable molecular dynamics simulations of Liquid–Liquid extraction of benzene from hydrocarbons using ionic liquids

We used AMOEBA to explore the capacity of 1,3 dimethylimidazolium tetrafluorobrorate, [DMIM][BF4], and ethyl-methylimidazolium tetrafluorobrorate, [EMIM][BF4], to extract benzene from a mixture of benzene-dodecane. Our results indicate that [DMIM][BF4] exhibits better selectivity and provide structural insights on possible reasons for the observed preference.
Alternative electrodes for HTMs and noble-metal-free perovskite solar cells: 2D MXenes electrodes

The high cost of hole transporting materials (HTMs) and noble metal electrodes limits the application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Carbon materials have been commonly utilized for HTMs and noble-metal-free PSCs. In this paper, a more conductive 2D MXene material (Ti3C2), showing a similar energy level to carbon materials, has been used as a back electrode in HTMs and noble-metal-free PSCs for the first time. Seamless interfacial contact between the perovskite layer and Ti3C2 material was obtained using a simple hot-pressing method. After the adjustment of key parameters, the PSCs based on the Ti3C2 electrode show more stability and higher power conversion efficiencies (PCE) (13.83%, 27% higher than that (10.87%) of the PSCs based on carbon electrodes) due to the higher conductivity and seamless interfacial contact of the MXene electrode. Our work proposes a promising future application for MXene and also a good electrode candidate for HTM and the noble-metal-free PSCs.
Probing Nanopore - DNA Interactions With MspA

Nanopores can be used as extremely sensitive instruments to directly measure properties of individual molecules. Progress in the nanopore field has been motivated largely by a desire to sequence DNA quickly and accurately. Recent developments, notably the engineering of the nanopore protein Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A [MspA] for use in experiments with DNA, have enabled the identification of nucleotide sequence based on measurements of ionic current. This work is focused on attempting to understand and control the motion of a single DNA molecule in an MspA nanopore. The behavior of individual molecules is dominated by thermal motion. Experiments are carried out to determine the biophysical properties of ssDNA that govern its thermal motion when trapped in MspA: the effective charge and the diffusion constant. These quantities differ depending on the identity of the nucleotides in the nanopore, as do the measured current blockage and the current fluctuations. Interesting correlations exist between the effective charge of a given nucleotide and the amount of current it blocks, as well as between the diffusion constant and the measured current fluctuations. At large electrophoretic forces, the existence of a noise source independent of the ssDNA itself is hypothesized: noise having to do with the presence of a protein attached to the ssDNA. Further work makes use of a DNA helicase enzyme as a biochemical ratchet to step the DNA through the nanopore one base at a time under the stochastic action of enzymatic ATP hydrolysis. Having quantified the electrophoretic force on ssDNA in an MspA nanopore, we demonstrate that mechanical force can be substituted for the action of ATP to induce a helicase to unwind dsDNA. The kinetics of this force-induced stepping of a helicase along DNA are reported at various temperatures and applied electrophoretic forces. It is hoped that future work in this direction will lead to the development of a method for stepping a helicase along DNA deterministically.
A Dynamic Access Control Method for SDN

Aiming at the problem that network topology changes frequently in SDN (Software Defined Network) environment and it is difficult to implement fine-grained access control, utilizing the characteristics of SDN transfer control separation and software programming, the ABAC model (Attribute-Based Access Control) is extended by introducing security level, and the security level is defined for the attributes of subject and object to establish the access mapping relationship based on mandatory access rules. At the same time, with secure access path as SDN access control attribute, a dynamic generation method of access control path based on PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm is designed to ensure the security of access data flow. The prototype system experiments show that the proposed method takes into account the fine-grained and dynamic requirements of SDN access control, and improves the access security of SDN while ensuring the access efficiency.
Supermagnetic Fe3O4-PEG nanoparticles combined with NIR laser and alternating magnetic field as potent anti-cancer agent against human ovarian cancer cells

In the present study the magnetite nanoparticles Fe3O4 capped with polyethylene glycol PEG were prepared by hydrothermal method. Syntheses bare Fe3O4, and Fe3O4-PEG were confirmed by various techniques including x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques were used to examine the magnetic properties of the Fe3O4 MNPs. The bare Fe3O4 had an average size that ranged between 12–31 nm while Fe3O4- PEG had a size range of 5–15 nm. The effect of bare Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-PEG on SKOV-3 cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The ability of bare Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-PEG in induction of apoptosis was tested using Acridine orange/ Ethedium bromide stain. Cytotoxicity effects of bare Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-PEG against SKOV-3 cells in the presence and absence of laser photo-thermal therapy and alternating magnetic field (AMF) was also assessed. The results showed that both bare Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-PEG caused inhibition of SKOV-3 cell proliferation, resulting in their programmed death. Cytotoxic activity against SKOV-3 cells increased with NIR laser irradiation, while highly increased cytotoxic activities were observed after exposure to induction heating with AMF. In addition, the toxicity of investigated nanoparticles in liver function enzymes and histological alterations for spleen, and the lungs were addressed. The findings indicated that these nanoparticles were biocompatible with liver function enzymes and no significant alterations were recorded in the spleen, and the lungs. Taken together the present data suggest that bare Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-PEG with NIR laser and AMF could be promising for photothermal therapy protocol for cancer cells.