Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Triruthenium Clusters as Photoinduced DNA‐binding and Cleaving Agents ¶

1‐Hydroxybenzotriazole and 1‐hydroxypyridine‐2‐thione were incorporated as ligands with the cluster Ru3(CO)10(NCMe)2 to give [(μ‐H)Ru3(CO)10(μ2‐2,3‐η2‐NNN(O)C6H4)] and [(μ‐H)Ru3(CO)9(μ2‐η1 : η2‐C5H4N(O)S)], respectively. Irradiation of these two new triruthenium metal clusters individually with 350 nm UV light in a phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing form I DNA resulted in single‐strand cleavage. Cluster [(μ‐H)Ru3(CO)10(μ2‐2,3‐η2‐NNN(O)C6H4)] was also found to bind to calf thymus DNA upon UV irradiation.
Novel Mannosylated Chitosan to Target Mannose Receptors-Synthesis,and Its Characterization and Cytotoxicity

In order to study the nanoparticle delivery system targeting macrophage and dendritic cells,Mannosylated chitosan(MC) with the expected degree of substitution to be 5%~10% was synthesized and characterized via FTIR and elemental analysis.Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro via Hela cells and A549 cells MTT tests.It is found that the product is deep yellow solid with the degree of substitution to be 7.35%,insoluble in water while soluble well in acetic acid buffer(pH6.0),and the cytotoxicity is low due to the fact that cell viability is higher than 80% when the concentration of MC increases to 100μg/ml.MC is successfully synthesized and safe to delivery of biological molecules.
Analysis of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the 5' Regulating Region of Goose GnRH Gene

The polymorphism in 5'regulatory region of Wanxi white goose GnRH gene was detected by PCR-SSCP. The results showed that,there were three SNP loci in the 5'regulatory region of GnRH gene,that is,G changed to C at-192 nt,A changed to T at-206 nt,and T changed to G at-417 nt.
Reflectance Spectra of Pigmented and Nonpigmented Skin in the UV Spectral Region ¶

We present measurements of reflectance spectra from human skin in vivo in the spectral range from 250 to 700 nm. These measurements show that the reflectance from strongly pigmented skin is higher than that from weakly pigmented skin at wavelengths shorter than approximately 300 nm. We simulate the measured results using a new radiative transfer model developed to study light propagation in skin tissue. Our simulations mimic the measured spectra when scattering from melanosomes, and fragmented melanosomes are taken into account. Scattering from microstructures with high relative refractive indices plays a major role in tissue optics. Our results show that scattering from melanosomes and fragmented melanosomes is of particular significance.
Monitoring Photoproduct Formation and Photobleaching by Fluorescence Spectroscopy Has the Potential to Improve PDT Dosimetry with a Verteporfin‐like Photosensitizer ¶

In current clinical practice, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is carried out with prescribed drug doses and light doses as well as fixed drug–light intervals and illumination fluence rates. This approach can result in undesirable treatment outcomes of either overtreatment or undertreatment because of biological variations between different lesions and patients. In this study, we explore the possibility of improving PDT dosimetry by monitoring drug photobleaching and photoproduct formation. The study involved 60 mice receiving the same drug dose of a novel verteporfin‐like photosensitizer, QLT0074, at 0.3 mg/kg body weight, followed by different light doses of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 J/cm2 at 686 nm and a fluence rate of 70 mW/cm2. Photobleaching and photoproduct formation were measured simultaneously, using fluorescence spectroscopy. A ratio technique for data processing was introduced to reliably detect the photoproduct formed by PDT on mouse skin in vivo. The study showed that the QLT0074 photoproduct is stable and can be reliably quantified. Three new parameters, photoproduct score (PPS), photobleaching score (PBS) and percentage photobleaching score (PBS%), were introduced and tested together with the conventional dosimetry parameter, light dose, for performance on predicting PDT‐induced outcome, skin necrosis. The statistical analysis of experimental results was performed with an ordinal logistic regression model. We demonstrated that both PPS and PBS improved the prediction of skin necrosis dramatically compared to light dose. PPS was identified as the best single parameter for predicting the PDT outcome.
The Effects of Epimerization at the 31‐position of Bacteriochlorophylls c on their Aggregation in Chlorosomes of Green Sulfur Bacteria. Control of the Ratio of 31 Epimers by Light Intensity ‡

R‐ and S‐epimerization at the 31 position of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c and the formation of rod‐like aggregates in chlorosomes of green sulfur bacteria were markedly affected in Chlorobium (Cb.) tepidum and Cb.limicola by cultivation under various light intensities (photon fluence rate). The stronger the light, the higher the ratio of the S‐epimer to the R‐epimer for each homolog of BChl c in the bacteria. S[P,E] BChl cF and S[I,E] BChl cF were found to be the major S‐epimers in Cb. tepidum and Cb. limicola, respectively. R[P,E] BChl cF decreased markedly compared to R[E,E] BChl cF in Cb. tepidum, whereas no observable change in the ratio of R[P,E]/R[E,E] was detected for Cb. limicola. With increase in light intensity the Qy absorption maximum of the bacteria shifted to shorter wavelengths. In vitro spectroscopic studies of the aggregates showed a marked difference in the formation of aggregates from R‐ and S‐epimers of BChl c; the S‐epimers formed aggregates much more slowly than did the R‐epimers. These results suggest that the ratio of the epimers of BChl c might significantly affect the aggregation of BChl in the chlorosome. We propose different roles for the R‐ and S‐epimers in chlorosomes of Cb. limicola and Cb. tepidum.
Variable impact of avian predation on grasshopper assemblies in sandhills grassland

Spatial and temporal variability in the impact of avian predation on total grasshopper density and species diversity in a sandhills grassland was evaluated with field experiments. Experiments were run for 3 years at two locations along a topographic gradient created by a large sand dune system which supports a mixed-grass prairie. Overall average grasshopper densities at the site were approximately 3-4 individuals/m 2 , considered low to moderate densities in the long-term record, and densities were about the same for all years within sites
The role of HSPs in MHC class II presentation of select antigens

s for Poster Presentations Josetta L. Houlihan and Janice S. Blum, Ph.D. HSP90 Inhibition Affects MHC Class II Presentation of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase. November 2008. Autumn Immunology Conference. Chicago, IL Josetta L. Houlihan and Janice S. Blum, Ph.D. HSP90 Inhibition Affects MHC Class II Presentation of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase. September 2008. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Poster Session. Indianapolis, IN Josetta L. Houlihan and Janice S. Blum, Ph.D. HSP90 Inhibition Affects MHC Class II Presentation of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase. May 2008. Cancer Research Day. IU Simon Cancer Center. Indianapolis, IN Josetta L. Houlihan and Janice S. Blum, Ph.D. HSP90 Inhibition Affects MHC Class II Presentation of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase. April 2008. Experimental Biology 2008/The Annual Meeting of The American Association of Immunologists. San Diego, CA Josetta L. Houlihan and Janice S. Blum, Ph.D. HSP90 Inhibition Affects MHC Class II Presentation of Cytoplasmic Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase. November 2007. Diabetes Summit. Indianapolis, IN Josetta L. Gregg*, Jennifer J. Metzler, Ph.D., and Janice S. Blum, Ph.D. HSP90 Inhibition Affects MHC Class II Presentation of Cytoplasmic Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase. May 2006. The Annual Meeting of The American Association of Immunologists. Boston, MA. Josetta L. Gregg* and Janice S. Blum, Ph.D. MHC Class II Presentation of the Cytoplasmic Antigen SMA is Proteasome Dependent. May 2005. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Annual Second Year Graduate Student Poster Session. Indianapolis, IN. Research Support 2005-2006 Indiana University Diabetes and Obesity Research Training Program, DeVault Fellowship
Chelation with Metal is not Essential for Antitumor Photodynamic Activity of Sulfonated Phthalocyanines † ¶

It is generally assumed that a central metal is essential for the efficiency of phthalocyanines in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Contrary to the set opinion, the results of the present study indicate that the metal‐free sulfonated phthalocyanines (H2PcSn, where n is the number of sulfonate groups per molecule) possess a considerable photoactivity. The relative phototoxicities of H2PcS1.5, H2PcS2.4, H2PcS3.1 and H2PcS3.8 on HEp2 human epidermoid carcinoma cells were 3.3, 20, 3.3 and 1, respectively, thus demonstrating dependence of the activity on the sulfonation degree, known for metallo‐PcSn. A significant delay in tumor growth and a decrease in tumor regrowth rate were observed in mice after PDT with H2PcS2.4. The antitumor effect declined in the order H2PcS2.4 > H2PcS3.1 > H2PcS1.5 and vanished for H2PcS3.8. We demonstrate here that the high photodynamic activity of H2PcS2.4 can be explained by its physicochemical properties in living cells and tissues. Thus, H2PcSn (n is about 2) can be considered as a new alternative in PDT of light‐accessible neoplasms and further clinic‐oriented studies are warranted.
Dipole and Oscillator Strengths of Chromophores in Solution ¶

A widely published expression for dipole strengths of optical transitions is found to require correction. The proposed adjustment, which involves the refractive index of the solvent in which the strengths are measured, may lead to significant changes in predictions that have been based on the equation. We discuss a closely related issue, the vacuum dipole strength concept, in an empirical context. A simple mapping procedure for estimating index dependence of strengths is advocated as an alternative to effective field corrections. The technique is illustrated for chlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll a.
Effect of Post Emergence Herbicides on Weed Management in Transplanted Kharif Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Their Residuality on Soil Microorganisms

The field experiments were conducted at Regional Research Sub-Station (new alluvial zone) of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Chakdaha, Nadia, West Bengal during kharif of 2015 & 2016 to study different post emergence herbicides against weed management in transplanted kharif rice. Ten (10) treatments were used following Randomize Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Among four different chemical herbicides Almix 20 WP @ 4 g ha -1 applied at 15 DAT as EPOE( early post emergence) effectively controlled all categories of weeds (mostly sedges and broad leaves) resulted minimum weed population, biomass production and higher weed control Original Research Article Dey et al.; CJAST, 39(27): 88-95, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 60889 89 efficiency (WCE) at 30 and 45 DAT which ultimately produced higher grain yield (3.23 t ha-) compare to other treatments. In case of efficacy of phytotoxicity effects on experimental crop, toxicity effects on soil microflora and BC ratio, Almix 20 WP @ 4 g/ha reflects the satisfied result.
Fluorescence Properties of Fluorescein, Tetramethylrhodamine and Texas Red Linked to a DNA Aptamer ¶

We report the picosecond time‐scale fluorescence dynamics of a dye‐labeled DNA oligonucleotide or “aptamer” designed to bind specifically to Immunoglobulin E. Comparison of the photophysics of Texas Red (TR), fluorescein and 5′‐carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)‐labeled aptamers reveals surprising differences with significant implications for measurements of oligonucleotide structure and dynamics. The fluorescence decay of the TR‐aptamer is a simple single exponential with a weak temperature dependence. The fluorescence decay of the fluorescein‐aptamer (fl‐aptamer) is pH dependent and displays a complex temperature dependence with significant changes on melting of the aptamer tertiary structure. Despite its similarities to TR, TAMRA is strongly quenched when conjugated to the aptamer and displays complex fluorescence kinetics best described by a distributed rate model. Using the maximum entropy method, we have discovered two highly temperature‐dependent fluorescence lifetimes for the TAMRA‐aptamer. One of these lifetimes is similar to that of free TAMRA and displays the same temperature dependence. The other lifetime is quenched and displays a temperature dependence characteristic of a charge transfer reaction. These data set TR apart as an attractive alternative to TAMRA and fluorescein for studies such as fluorescence polarization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer, where environmental sensitivity of the probe is not desired.
Cefuroxime: Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Activity, Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Applications, Adverse Reactions and Therapeutic Indications

Cefuroxime is a second generation cephalosporin with a broad antimicrobial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative organisms. It has excellent in vitro activity against staphylococcal strains, streptococcal strains (other than enterococci), N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae and N. meningitidis. It also has excellent in vitro activity against members of the Enterobacteriaceae with the exception of Serratia and indole‐positive Proteus. Ps. aeruginosa and B. fragilis are resistant. Cefuroxime is relatively free of serious side effects. It is metabolically stable, and most of it is excreted unchanged in the urine. Three fourths of it are distributed in the extravascular compartment. Blood levels exceed the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations for many important gram negative pathogens. Clinical studies have shown cefuroxime to be effective therapy for infections of soft tissue, respiratory tract, urinary tract, genital tract (caused by N. gonnorrhoeae) and the central nervous system. Superinfections with Ps. aeruginosa and enterococcal strains may present a problem. In spite of excellent diffusion into bone and joint tissues, the available clinical data are too limited to make a recommendation for its use in bone and joint infections.
Dose and Timing of the First Light Fraction in Two‐fold Illumination Schemes for Topical ALA‐mediated Photodynamic Therapy of Hairless Mouse Skin ¶

A fractionated illumination scheme in which a cumulative fluence of 100 J cm−2 is delivered in two equal light fractions separated by a dark interval of 2 h has been shown to considerably increase the efficacy of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA)–photodynamic therapy (PDT). The efficacy of such a scheme is further increased if the fluence of the first light fraction is reduced to 5 J cm−2. We have investigated the relationship between the PDT response and the kinetics of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence in the SKH1 HR hairless mouse for first fraction fluences below 5 J cm−2 delivered 4 h after the application of ALA and 10 J cm−2 delivered 2 h after the application of ALA. Illumination is performed using 514 nm at a fluence rate of 50 mW cm−2. Reducing the fluence of the first fraction to 2.5 J cm−2 does not result in significantly different visual skin damage. The PDT response, however, is significantly reduced if the fluence is lowered to 1 J cm−2, but this illumination scheme (1 + 99 J cm−2) remains significantly more effective than a single illumination of 100 J cm−2. A first light fraction of 10 J cm−2 can be delivered 2 h earlier, 2 h after the application of ALA, without significant reduction in the PDT response compared with 5 + 95 J cm−2 delivered 4 and 6 h after the application of ALA. The kinetics of PpIX fluorescence are consistent with those reported previously by us and do not explain the significant increase in PDT response with a two‐fold illumination scheme. Histological sections of the illuminated volume showed a trend toward increasing extent and depth of necrosis for the two‐fold illumination scheme in which the first light fraction is 5 J cm−2, compared with a single illumination scheme.
Topically Applied Eicosapentaenoic Acid Protects Against Local Immunosuppression Induced by UVB Irradiation, cis‐Urocanic Acid and Thymidine Dinucleotides ¶

UVB‐induced immunosuppression, a promoter of photocarcinogenesis, involves the formation of pyrimidine dimers and cis‐urocanic acid (cis‐UCA), but reactive oxygen species (ROS) also plays an important role. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can inhibit photocarcinogenesis, but due to its polyunsaturated nature it is susceptible to oxidative damage by ROS. The antioxidant defense system may therefore be challenged upon ultraviolet‐B (UVB) irradiation in the presence of EPA. We investigated whether topically applied EPA in mice could protect against local immunosuppression (contact hypersensitivity response to dinitrofluorobenzene) induced by UVB radiation (1.5 J/cm2), or topically applied cis‐UCA (150 nmol/cm2) or thymidine dinucleotides (pTpT) (5 nmol/cm2). The influence of EPA on epidermal lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status was also measured. UVB irradiation, cis‐UCA and pTpT all caused 70% immunosuppression. Topical pretreatment of mice with EPA partially protected against immunosuppression; the EPA dose needed to accomplish this was 10 nmol/cm2 for UVB irradiation, 100 nmol/cm2 for cis‐UCA and 1000 nmol/cm2 for pTpT. Higher EPA doses caused higher UVB‐induced lipid peroxidation and lower vitamin C levels. Glutathione only decreased with the highest EPA dose whereas vitamin E was not decreased after UVB irradiation. In conclusion, topically applied EPA protects against UVB‐, cis‐UCA‐ and pTpT‐induced immunosuppression and maintenance of an adequate antioxidant defense seems to be an important prerequisite for the protective action by EPA.
An Analytical Approach to the Function and Dating of the Great Southern Tower at Rab’e Rashidi in Tabriz

هدیکچ یوراب رد هک تسا یگرا یاه هناریو ،دوش یم هدید زیربت یدیشرِ عبرَ یاه هدنامزاب زا هزورما هچنآ :هلئسم نایب ۀناخپوت جرب ای و یناخلیا ۀناخدصر کی ۀدنامزاب ار نآ . دراد رارق یدیشر عبر جرب نیرت گرزب ،نآ یبونج ؛تسا هتخاس ناباتش ار نآ . م1603 رد ینامثع اب دربن ماگنه هب ایوگ هک دنا هدرک یفرعم یوفص سابع هاش دیدرت هناخپوت جرب ای و هناخدصر ناونع هب نآ یربراک رد جرب راتخاس و هزاس ینادیم تاعلاطم ،لاح نیا اب رد یبونج گرزب جرب یگنیرید و درکراک و یتسیچ ۀرابرد شهوژپ نیا شسرپ ،نیاربانب ؛دنکفا یم نامگ و . تسا یدیشر عبر یزیر همانرب تسرد دومنهر یدیشر عبر یبونج گرزب جرب درکراک و یگنیرید دنمشور تخانش :شهوژپ فده . تسا نآ رادیاپ یرادهگن و تمرم نیمز ضراوع و هزاس ینادیم تاعلاطم اب هارمه یرامعم و یسانش ناتساب رد یلیلحت تفایهر :شهوژپ شور . دهد یم لکش ار شهوژپ نیا شور راتخاس ینامثع و یوفص ۀناخپوت خیرات یسررب نینچمه و تراظن و هدیا اب . م1603 ات 1585 یاه لاس ۀنایم رد زیربت یدیشر گرا یبونج گرزب جرب :یریگ هجیتن جرب نیا و ؛تسا هدش هتخاس و یحارط »اشاپ نانس فسوی هداز لاغش« مان هب زیربت تقو ینامثع رادنامرف تسبراک ،تسا رتشیر 7 /7 تردق اب ییاه هزرل نیمز و نیمز شنار ربارب رد یرادیاپ ناوت یاراد هک گرزب ۀزاورد دنفادپ یارب 180 o شتآ ششوپ اب یرچ ینئی نز لغزم نایچگنفت هورگ رگنس هکلب ،هتشادن هناخپوت دور نارهم یلامش ۀنارک زین و جرب قرش بآ هاچ ۀقلح ود زا ینابهگن ،یدیشر گرا یقرش هیلا یهتنم و یبرغ رد و گرزب جرب یلااب هک یا هنیچ و یلگ و یتشخ یاه هزاس . تسا هدوب هوک نایلو یاهراز هپت ۀیحان رد زیربت هب هیدیشر ۀعلق ناباتش یزاسزاب یاه هدنامزاب نامه ،دوش یم هدید هیدیشر یوراب و کچوک یاه جرب رسارس . تسا . م1610 لاس رد یوفص سابع هاش نامرف . یتخانش ناتساب تینیع ،یخیرات تینهذ ،یلیلحت تفایهر ،زیربت ۀیدیشر ۀعلق ،یدیشر عبر :یدیلک ناگژاو
Protein Immunocytochemistry Localization by Using Antibody Prepared With Synthesized Polypeptide

The deduced amino acid sequence of the VER2 gene was analyzed in a computer. A peptide corresponding to 204～215 amino acids in VER2 sequence was synthesized by chemical method and purified using HPLC. The polypeptide was conjugated with BSA and the covalent complex was used as antigen to immunize rabbits. The antibody was then affinity purified before being used to probe VER2 protein in Paraplast sections. The immunolocalization results detected by the peptide antibody were consistent with that of the full length VER2 protein antibody. It is concluded that antibody prepared with synthetic peptide is credible and sensitive enough for immune labeling of proteins in paraplast sections. It is a sensitive and effective approach to combine preparation of antibody from synthetic peptide with paraplast section production for protein immunocytochemistry study.
Prenatal diagnosis of haemoglobin Bart's disease by cordocentesis at 12–14 weeks—experience with the first 59 cases

We have shown that fetuses affected by haemoglobin (Hb) Bart's disease can be reliably identified by their sonographic manifestation of cardiac enlargement at 12–14 weeks. Between 1995 and 1999, 282 couples were seen before 15 weeks. They were offered the options of chorionic villus sampling, or amniocentesis and DNA study, or ultrasound examination at 12–14 weeks, followed by cordocentesis and Hb study only when the ultrasound findings were abnormal. Two hundred and thirty‐four at‐risk pregnancies had ultrasound assessment at 12–14 weeks, 62 fetuses showed enlarged cardiothoracic ratio [mean (SD) 0.54 (0.02)] and four of them also had hydropic changes. Fifty‐nine women agreed to undergo cordocentesis at 12–14 weeks and the procedure was successful in 57 cases (97%). Cordocentesis were performed by a freehand technique using a 26‐ or 24‐gauge spinal needle with a 20‐gauge introducer. Fifteen fetuses (25%) had bleeding from the cord and 12 fetuses (20%) had bradycardia following cordocentesis. The fetal loss rate was 8% (5/59). Hb Bart's disease was confirmed in all the 62 fetuses with cardiac enlargement. Their Hb concentration ranged between 3.1 to 8.4 g/dl. One hundred and seventy‐two fetuses had normal ultrasound assessment and 148 of them were confirmed to be unaffected by Hb Bart's disease. Twenty‐three pregnancies were ongoing and one miscarried at 15 weeks. We believe that sonographic assessment followed by selective cordocentesis at 12–14 weeks is a feasible prenatal diagnostic option for Hb Bart's disease. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stenosis Length and Degree Interact With the Risk of Cerebrovascular Events Related to Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis

Background and Purpose: Internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS)≥70% is a leading cause of ischemic cerebrovascular events (ICVEs). However, a considerable percentage of stroke survivors with symptomatic ICAS (sICAS) have <70% stenosis with a vulnerable plaque. Whether the length of ICAS is associated with high risk of ICVEs is poorly investigated. Our main aim was to investigate the relation between the length of ICAS and the development of ICVEs. Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, we identified 95 arteries with sICAS and another 64 with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis (aICAS) among 121 patients with ICVEs. The degree and length of ICAS as well as plaque echolucency were assessed on ultrasound scans. Results: A statistically significant inverse correlation between the ultrasound-measured length and degree of ICAS was detected for sICAS≥70% (Spearman correlation coefficient ρ = –0.57, p < 0.001, n = 51) but neither for sICAS<70% (ρ = 0.15, p = 0.45, n = 27) nor for aICAS (ρ = 0.07, p = 0.64, n = 54). The median (IQR) length for sICAS<70% and ≥70% was 17 (15–20) and 15 (12–19) mm (p = 0.06), respectively, while that for sICAS<90% and sICAS 90% was 18 (15–21) and 13 (10–16) mm, respectively (p < 0.001). Among patients with ICAS <70%, a cut-off length of ≥16 mm was found for sICAS rather than aICAS with a sensitivity and specificity of 74.1% and 51.1%, respectively. Irrespective of the stenotic degree, plaques of the sICAS compared to aICAS were significantly more often echolucent (43.2 vs. 24.6%, p = 0.02). Conclusion: We found a statistically insignificant tendency for the ultrasound-measured length of sICAS<70% to be longer than that of sICAS≥70%. Moreover, the ultrasound-measured length of sICAS<90% was significantly longer than that of sICAS 90%. Among patients with sICAS≥70%, the degree and length of stenosis were inversely correlated. Larger studies are needed before a clinical implication can be drawn from these results.