Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pd(II) Coordination Sphere Engineering: Pyridine Cages, Quinoline Bowls, and Heteroleptic Pills Binding One or Two Fullerenes

Fullerenes and their derivatives are of tremendous technological relevance. Synthetic access and application are still hampered by tedious purification protocols, peculiar solubility, and limited control over regioselective derivatization. We present a modular self-assembly system based on a new low-molecular-weight binding motif, appended by two palladium(II)-coordinating units of different steric demands, to either form a [Pd2L14]4+ cage or an unprecedented [Pd2L23(MeCN)2]4+ bowl (with L1 = pyridyl, L2 = quinolinyl donors). The former was used as a selective induced-fit receptor for C60. The latter, owing to its more open structure, also allows binding of C70 and fullerene derivatives. By exposing only a fraction of the bound guests’ surface, the bowl acts as fullerene protecting group to control functionalization, as demonstrated by exclusive monoaddition of anthracene. In a hierarchical manner, sterically low-demanding dicarboxylates were found to bridge pairs of bowls into pill-shaped dimers, able to host two fullerenes. The hosts allow transferring bound fullerenes into a variety of organic solvents, extending the scope of possible derivatization and processing methodologies.
Advances in Surface-Wave Analysis Using Single Sensor Seismic Data and Deep Neural Network Algorithm for Near Surface Characterization

In hydrocarbon exploration, seismic surface waves are used to characterize the near-surface by imaging the subsurface shear wave velocity for geo-hazard investigation and near surface seismic corrections to avoid false structures in the final seismic image. Surface waves, identified in a conventional surface acquisition experiment, can be analyzed in the frequency wavenumber (FK) domain to generate dispersion curves at each shot location. The subsurface shear wave velocity is represented as a 1D profile with lateral variations can be handled using laterally constrained inversion or by applying spatial interpolation of 1D results. We identify two fundamental challenges to perform surface wave analysis. First, inadequate sampling of the surface wave in conventional sensor arrays may create artifacts in the frequency-wavenumber domain, which introduces further distortion in the signal. The use of broadband single-sensor single source land 3D seismic data provides adequate sampling of surface wave energy that is captured with negligible aliasing and high signal power. This makes it possible to record fundamental and higher surface wave modes at large frequencies. Second, it is common in seismic exploration to deal with large amounts of seismic data on several tens of thousands shot gathers of the single sensor survey making manual picking of dispersion curves a tedious and time-consuming job. We developed a deep belief network (DBN) with multiple hidden layers to pick fundamental modes in the phase velocity spectrum. The neural network workflow was trained on 1500 gathers and validated on several 100 gathers. Finally, the automated picking was applied to roughly 50,000 gathers using frequency range (3-30 Hz). The resulting dispersion curves show high spatial correlation and are geologically consistent. The fundamental mode pseudo-section shows smooth changes with significant lateral variations of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities. The second and third mode of dispersion curves are observed in some shots in the F-K spectrum but usually they have weaker energy than fundamental mode. The recent advances in surface wave analysis is presented over a complex structure where the raw data are characterized by strong Rayleigh waves dominated by a fundamental mode. Dispersion curves were inverted using nonlinear conjugate gradients to generate a shear wave velocity model with high vertical resolution for the first 50 m depth. The recent development in seismic data acquisition using single sensor broad band data, and advances in seismic processing using deep neural network lead to a novel technology that enable automatic picking of dispersion curves.
Reconstructing Chemical Weathering Intensity in the Mekong River Basin Since the Last Glacial Maximum

High‐resolution clay mineralogy and major element geochemistry of Core SO18383‐3 collected off the Mekong River mouth in the southern South China Sea have been investigated, aiming to reconstruct sediment provenance and chemical weathering intensity since the last glaciation. The chronology is based on foraminiferal accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates. Clay mineral analysis suggests that the Mekong River is a major sedimentary source for the studied area. The values of chemical index of alteration (CIA) indicate moderate chemical weathering in the Mekong River basin. Smectite/(illite + chlorite) and smectite/kaolinite ratios coupled with TiO2/K2O ratio reveal the temporal variation in chemical weathering intensity in the Mekong River basin. The lower ratios around the Last Glacial Maximum (29.9–14.7 cal ka BP), the Heinrich Event 1 (~14.8 cal ka BP), the Younger Dryas interval (12.4–11.3 cal ka BP), and middle to late Holocene (7.6–1.1 cal ka BP) indicate weak chemical weathering intensity. In contrast, the higher ratios occurring during the Bølling‐Allerød period (14.7–12.7 cal ka BP) and the period of main deglaciation (14.7–7.6 cal ka BP) indicate stronger chemical weathering in the Mekong River basin. The good correlations between these proxies and the available proxy records of the East Asian summer monsoon intensity suggest that the intensity of chemical weathering in the Mekong River basin over the last 30 ka is significantly controlled by the summer monsoon. This study greatly increases our understanding of the principal forcing factor on continental weathering in the Mekong River basin since the Last Glacial Maximum.
New Low-Speed Testing Device for Skid Resistance of Highways and Airfields

Low speed skid resistance measurement is of great significance to analyse the actual causes of insufficient friction of pavement, and to formulate appropriate maintaining measures. At present, the British Pendulum Tester (BPT) and Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT) are commonly used to measure the lowspeed skid resistance of pavement. However, previous studies have shown that there are operational limitations in the use of BPT and DFT. A new low speed friction tester (WFT) developed by Chang'an University was introduced in this paper. The stability, accuracy and efficiency of BPT, DFT and WFT were compared through laboratory tests and field tests. The influence of test speed on WFT test results in the range of normal walking speed was evaluated. Results show that the stability of WFT test was better than that of BPT and DFT. BPT test results were unreliable and DFT was unsuitable for coarse surfaces or groove surfaces of pavement. WFT is time efficient in testing time, especially in field tests. The study also shows that the test speed had little effect on the WFC at the statistical significance level of 95%. Therefore, WFT can be used as a practical alternative to BPT and DFT, for testing the low-speed friction of pavement in laboratory and field.
Digital survey in studying open pit wall deformations

The article highlights the topical problem of increasing efficiency of survey during monitoring of rock and earth surface displacement when studying various kinds of deformations caused by mining. To settle the problem, new methods based on use of new devices, programmes and technologies are applied along with traditional ones. The object of the study is an open-pit slide. As it is dangerous to stay on, remote monitoring methods become the most efficient ones, digital photogrammetric survey being one of them. Digital survey methods are being improved along with development of more sophisticated devices and software. The article deals with the method of open-pit slide monitoring involving digital ground survey with the Canon EOS1200D camera. Camera station reference was performed on the basis of GPS data and marker reference – by intersections.
Modeling full-wavefield time-varying sea-surface effects on seismic data: A mimetic finite-difference approach

Seismic-data processing flows often ignore spatial and temporal variations in the sea surface during marine seismic acquisition by assuming a flat free surface. However, weather patterns during data acquisition can generate rough sea conditions, which can significantly influence seismic full-wavefield source behavior, including ghost reflections and surface-related multiples, by introducing spatial and temporal distortions of the seismic wavelet. To investigate the effects of rough seas on seismic wave propagation, we have developed and solved a new acoustic wave equation using a mimetic finite-difference time-domain (MFDTD) scheme that uses a dynamic (i.e., moving) generalized coordinate system defined to be conformal to the assumed known time-varying free surface. This “sea-surface” coordinate system allows us to model the full dynamic effects associated with this complex boundary condition. Numerical examples demonstrate that the developed MFDTD method can accurately simulate seismic wavefield propagation on a moving mesh for significant wave heights of 5 m and beyond, and it is thus a reliable tool for applications involving modeling, processing, imaging, and inversion of seismic data acquired in rough seas.
Growing Up in Ireland

Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) is a two-cohort, longitudinal study of children and young people. The study aims to describe the health and development of Irish children across a range of topics; these include physical and mental health, family socio-demographic status, education, and the child’s behaviour, attitudes and key relationships. The study has been collecting data since 2007, beginning with a child cohort at nine years old (n = 8,568) and then an infant cohort at nine months old (n = 11,134). These data provide researchers and policy makers with a unique analytical tool to explore the well-being of children in Ireland. This paper provides an overview of all the stages involved in the development of the study, from its inception, to the establishment of the study’s aims, objectives and design, the ongoing data collection and panel maintenance, and the many uses of GUI data today.
Constraining the Oceanic Lithosphere Seismogenic Zone Using Teleseismic Relocations of the 2012 Wharton Basin Great Earthquake Sequence

The great 2012 Mw 8.6 strike‐slip earthquake beneath the Wharton Basin generated a complex aftershock sequence that maps onto a system of conjugate faults. Analysis of high‐precision aftershock locations with improved depth constraint is used here to characterize the seismogenic limits of the oceanic lithosphere. The study presents teleseismic double‐difference earthquake relocation results for 695 events in and around the 2012 Wharton Basin intraplate earthquake sequence. We highlight seven major clusters of seismicity and show that the 2012 earthquake sequence ruptured in the oceanic crust and upper mantle. The refined aftershock locations projected onto available mainshock finite‐fault models show that aftershocks occur outside the largest coseismic slip region and tend to cluster in low slip areas, a pattern commonly seen for large continental and megathrust sequences. For events with depth phases, the relocated focal depths generally correspond to predicted depths from pP‐P time observations. Reported pP‐P observations for intraplate events correspond to depths ranging from ~5 to 35–40 km, such that the deepest events occur within the expected limit of brittle seismic failure at 600 °C, here defined by a half‐space cooling model of the region. The 74 low magnitude events in our catalog that locate below the 600 °C isotherm do not have consistent depth phase observations and cannot be interpreted as strong evidence of rupture into the ductile regime. The refined double‐difference catalog supports that, along with deep coseismic rupture, moderate‐sized earthquakes ruptured across the full extent of the elastic oceanic lithosphere in the Wharton Basin.
Review of the multifocal electroretinogram and its clinical application

The multifocal electroretinogram (mERG) can be used to record many focal electroretinogram responses across the test field in a relatively short period of time, providing insights into the mechanisms of retinal diseases. It can be used in the early diagnosis and prognosis of some retinal diseases, and can be used to objectively and sensitively observe the curative effect of medicine or surgery. The present paper reviews the recording and analyzing procedures and the clinical applications of the multifocal ERG.
Mindfulness, Compulsive Mobile Social Media Use, and Derived Stress: The Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem and Social Anxiety

There is growing concern over the emergence of damaging compulsive use patterns among some users of social networking sites (SNSs), in particular of mobile social media. Although previous studies argue that mindfulness has a protective effect on compulsive behaviors, to date, no study has analyzed the underlying mechanisms by which mindfulness reduces compulsive SNS usage. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between mindfulness, self-esteem, social anxiety, compulsive mobile SNS usage, and derived stress in the context of the use of the mobile social media application, WhatsApp™. Mediation analysis supported the roles of self-esteem and social anxiety as mediators of the beneficial (lowering) effect of mindfulness on compulsive mobile SNS usage. Moreover, the results confirmed that compulsive mobile SNS use induces stress and that mindfulness has also lowering effects on stress derived from such compulsive behavior, mediated by the former variables. This research, therefore, provides a process explanation for the beneficial effect of mindfulness on stress derived from mobile social media use. Further theoretical and practical implications, as well as future research avenues, are discussed.
Camera trapping reveals trends in forest duiker populations in African National Parks

Bushmeat hunting is widely cited as cause for declines of wildlife populations throughout Africa. Forest duikers (Bovidae, Cephalophinae) are among the most exploited species. Whether current harvest rates imperil duikers is debated because of the difficulty of accurately assessing population trends. To assess population trends, we first reviewed literature for historical duiker population estimates. Second, we used systematic camera‐trap monitoring to assess population trends for 15 populations of nine duiker species in six national parks in Central and East Africa. We analysed annual monitoring data using Royle‐Nichols heterogeneity‐induced occupancy models to estimate abundance/sample point and derive occupancy estimates. Published density estimates indicate that duiker populations declined significantly throughout Africa between 1973 and 2013. There was a wide range of densities depending on species ( x¯ range: 0.26–20.6 km−1) and whether populations were hunted ( X¯ =6.3 km−1) or unhunted ( X¯ = 16.3 km−1). More recent analysis of camera‐trap monitoring produced different results. Estimated mean point abundance over time was between 0 and 0.99 individuals/point for four populations, between 1.0 and 1.99 for six populations, and greater than 2.0 for five populations. We observed five populations of duikers with negative trends in point abundances, although only one trend was significant and point abundance estimates for three populations were above 2.0 in the final survey year. Six populations showed positive trends in point abundance (three significant), and the remaining populations displayed no trends. Average occupancy was high (Ψ > 0.60) except for three populations. While literature indicates that historical population declines have occurred, most duiker populations appear relatively healthy in monitored parks. Our results indicate that these parks are effective in protecting most duikers despite hunting pressure. We recommend that systematic, standardized camera‐trap monitoring be initiated in other African parks in combination with point‐abundance models to objectively assess forest ungulate population trends.
Comparing Theories of Resource Distribution: The Case of Iran

This study addresses inequality through resource distribution in Iranian provinces with the use of new data collected and compiled from various sources using multilevel modeling. The models compare predictions of the various resource distribution theories using Iran’s 31 provincial budgets over 10 years. This resource distribution study provides a rare look at inequality in a country that, to a large degree, prohibits such examinations. The authors find that although ethnicity, religiosity, and allegiance to the regime have no influence on provincial budgets, geographic proximity to the central government is the strongest and only consistent predictor of resource allocation. The authors find that the greater the distance from the capital, the larger the respective per capita budget, net of other factors. This study contradicts both the centrality theory of state economic distribution and specific Iranian economic distribution theory and provides a new body of knowledge on state resource distribution.
The Shift of Traditional Agroecosystems in the in Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania

The purpose of this study was to identify the drivers of the shift of traditional agro-ecosystems and their implication on catchment resources management of Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania. Lower Mngeta and Upper Zigi water catchments are situated within Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. Household questionnaire, key informant interviews and focus group discussion were used for collecting primary data. The findings indicated that most of the participants (85.9% and 90.4% in Lower Mngeta and Upper Zigi catchments respectively) depend on subsistence rain-fed agriculture for their livelihoods. However, there are significant changes in production as a result of land fertility deteriorating and negative climatic changes (seasonal shift). This has become a major challenge for most of the farmers. To cope with agro-ecosystem dynamics, farmers in the study areas use both traditional and modern strategies as illustrated in the results section. While tradition always reported to be inexpensive, some modern agro-ecosystem practices reported to cause siltation, killing of fish and herbal plants, easy rotting of seeds (for maize) and bad aroma (for rice)in spite of having a high rate of return. It was also reported that depletion of traditions and norms of conduct, accelerated by multi-cultural interaction from immigrants, have led to deterioration of traditional agriculture practices. Moreover, arrival of agriculture companies and introduction of spice farming was reported to have caused manpower imbalance, unequal distribution of natural resources and less diversity of indigenous plants. The study concludes that communities are much into economic opportunity derived from agro-ecosystem than stewarding it. The study recommends that the effort restoring catchment ecosystem should come from both traditional and modern strategies so as to harmonize and accommodate environmental, economic and traditional values.
3D geological model of the Red River Valley, central North America

The increasing reliance of a growing population on groundwater has precipitated the development of new geological mapping tools and products for better understanding, sustaining, and protecting this valuable resource. Improved access to digital surficial maps, associated soils maps, and digital drillhole databases, as well as digitization and reconciliation of existing paper geological maps and increasing computer power, have given us the ability to produce regional 3D geological models. Starting in 2000, after six years of data compilation, a hydrostratigraphic model was built for the 200 km by 230 km Winnipeg area of southeastern Manitoba (Figure 1). A corresponding groundwater-flow model was completed by Paula Kennedy of the University of Manitoba in 2002. Since then, the 3D geological model has been extended northward to include the Lake Winnipeg basin. As modeling continues, the need for cross-border co-ordination increases. To this end, Co-operative 3D geological modeling projects have been initiated with Saskatchewan; the WilIiston basin architecture and hydrocarbon potential project, and with Minnesota and North Dakota; 3D geological model of groundwater-bearing strata in the Fargo-Moorhead region (Figure 2). The focus of the Williston basin architecture project is rock units, which will provide a base for continued 3D Quaternary modeling in southwestern Manitoba.
Peak Ground Acceleration and Earthquake Intensity Microzonation in Watukumpul, Pemalang Regency

Watukumpul is located in Pemalang District, Central Java, which is adjacent to the fault seismotectonic line of Baribis fault in the north and subduction area of the Eurasian and Indies-Australian plates in the south. It makes Watukumpul often experiences an earthquake. This study aimed to map the peak ground acceleration calculated using the Kanai equation and earthquake intensity calculated using Wald equations in Watukumpul. This study used historical earthquake data occurred in 1988-April 2018 from the International Seismological Center and microtremor measurements of 33 points. Microtremor data were processed using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio method and resulted the predominant period of study area ranged from 0.13 to 0.74 s. The results showed that the study area had a PGA value of 26.93 - 63.25 gal. The intensity calculation showed that the study area has the potential for earthquake damage with an III-IV MMI scale. Keywords: Kanai, Watukumpul, Intensity, Earthquake
Zippered Shear Zone Model for Interacting Shear Zones in the Borborema Province, Brazil, as Constrained by U‐Pb Dating

Shear zones typically interact to form connected systems or networks to accommodate crustal deformation, but our knowledge of how this happens is fragmentary. Understanding branching and interacting shear zones requires knowledge of timing, deformation kinematics, and rheology. The Senador Pompeu, Tauá, and Cococi strike‐slip shear zones of the Borborema Province (NE Brazil) have a central role and location in the Neoproterozoic assembly of Gondwana and provide a means to understand shear zone interaction. We apply (i) U‐Pb in situ SHRIMP analysis of zircons from syntectonic plutons and dykes to constrain the timing of shearing and (ii) vorticity and strain analysis on pluton's megacrystic facies deformed in the magmatic state and during final stages of crystallization. Obtained ages show that the shear zone pair was active under high temperature at 583.5±4.6 Ma, while felsic dykes were emplaced in the brittle regime in the wall rocks. Average vorticity estimates of 0.70 indicate a strong component of pure shear in the shear zones. Despite the transpressional character, the dispersion in estimates of thinning and thickening for the Senador Pompeu shear zone highlights variations of offset rate for the interacting branches that leads to localized transtension. We conclude that the kinematic framework of the Senador Pompeu and Tauá conjugate pair involves the formation of a dextrally closing zipper structure involving the trailing Cococi shear zone to the southwest, which in turn caused the northeastward extrusion of the enclosed crustal wedge and possibly activation of the nappe system of the Ceará Central domain.