Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of diagnosis instability in electronic health records reveals diverse disease trajectories of severe mental illness

Investigations using Electronic Health Records (EHR) databases could enable accurate delineation of psychiatric disease trajectories at an unprecedented scale. Using EHR from a single institution (Clinica San Juan de Dios in Manizales, Colombia), we characterize diagnostic trajectories of >22,000 (ages 4-90, 60% female) individuals treated for severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and severe or recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). We extracted diagnostic codes, clinical notes, and healthcare use data collected since 2005. Using a subsample of 105 SMI patients, we assessed diagnostic reliability, comparing EHR to clinical chart review. EHR diagnostic codes showed very good agreement with chart review diagnoses (Cohens kappa 0.78). Using 3,600 annotated sentences from 2,788 patients, we developed a pipeline for extracting clinical features from the electronic text, which showed high agreement with gold-standard annotations (average F1 0.88). Factors associated with diagnostic instability, defined as changes in diagnosis between successive visits, were identified using mixed-effect logistic regression models. Of SMI patients with >3 visits (n=12,962), 64% had multiple EHR diagnoses; diagnostic switches (19%), comorbidities (30%), and both (15%). While some diagnostic switches are common, such as the switch from MDD to BD (observed in 22% of BD patients), trajectories are highly heterogeneous, with rare trajectories (occurring in <1% of patients) making up the majority (58% of all patients). Predictors of diagnostic instability include time since initial visit (OR 0.56 by visit number, p-value 2e-66), previous diagnostic change (OR= 4.02, p-value 3e-250) and NLP-derived descriptions of delusions (OR 1.50, p-values 2e-18). Our results underline the importance of considering longitudinal rather than cross-sectional diagnoses in psychiatric research and show how high-quality EHR data can contribute to global efforts to understand disease trajectories.
Title: Do root hairs of barley and maize roots reinforce soil under shear stress?

5 Roots reinforce soil by acting as soil pins, dissipating shear stresses and anchoring the soil in 6 place. By protruding into the soil and binding to soil particles, root hairs increase root-soil 7 contact and aid root anchorage. However, it is not yet known whether this ability to anchor 8 roots affects the root system’s ability to reinforce soil. Using a laboratory box shearing rig, 9 this study explores whether root hairs affect soil shear resistance. The force required to shear 10 soil columns permeated with roots lacking root hairs (barley brb and maize rth3 mutants) are 11 compared to columns permeated with hairy roots (their respective wild types, WT) using 12 unplanted soil columns as controls. Known root traits (e.g. root length density, root surface 13 area density, average diameter, percentage of fine roots, and root tensile strength) were 14 measured to ensure that differences in shear resistance could be attributed to the 15 presence/absence of root hairs. All rooted columns required more force to shear than their 16 respective unplanted columns but the thicker, stronger maize roots were more effective at soil 17 reinforcement than the more numerous but weaker barley roots. After the maximum growth 18 period, root hairs appeared to have a consistent and significant impact on peak shearing force. 19 However, the WT root systems also produced greater root surface area density. As the rate at 20 which peak shearing force increased with increasing root surface area density was similar for 21 roots with and without root hairs, the increased peak shearing force of the WT columns 22 cannot be attributed to resistance supplied by the presence of root hair but rather to a more 23 prolific root system. Therefore, it was concluded that root diameter and root tensile strength 24 most influenced root reinforcement of soil and as such, the relatively minute root hairs had 25 negligible effects compared to their parent roots.
Mixed colour states in QCD confining vacuum

We show that confinement of spinless heavy quarks in fundamental representation of SU(Nc) gauge group can be treated as decoherence of pure colour state into a white mixture of states. Decoherence rate is found to be proportional to the tension of QCD string and the distance between colour charges. The purity of colour states is calculated.
Convergence to Equilibrium of Infinite System of Interacting Diffusions

We develop and implement new probabilistic strategy for proving ergodicity results for interacting diffusion processes on unbounded lattice. The concept of the solution used is rather weak as we construct the process as a solution to suitable infnite dimensional martingale problem. However the techniques allow us to consider cases where the generator of the particle is degenerate elliptic operator. As a model example we present operators arising from the Heisenberg group. In the last section we mention some further examples that can be handled using our methods.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-a Eliminates Binding of NF-Y and an Octamer-binding Protein to the Lipoprotein Lipase Promoter in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

TNFa has been shown to reduce lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue. Regulation of LPL by TNFa oc-curs at the level of LPL gene transcription and posttranscriptionally. To elucidate further the transcriptional mechanism of TNFa inhibition of LPL gene transcription, transfection analysis was used to locate the site(s) of the LPL promoter that imparts the TNFa response. Transient transfections using LPL promoter deletions fused to luciferase in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with and without TNFO! treatment indicated that a DNA region downstream of -180 bp confers the TNFa effect. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using two 32P-labeled LPL probes spanning the region between -180 and +44 bp revealed the loss of several LPL DNA-protein interactions after TNFa treatment, including the binding of NF-Y to the CCAAT box and a protein to the octamer consensus sequence. Protein binding to the OCT-1 consensus sequence is unaffected until after 4 h of TNFa treatment. In addition, the amount of mRNA for OCT-1 is not altered with TNFa treatment. These results indicate that TNFca regulates at least two DNA-binding proteins on the proximal promoter, thereby inhibiting LPL gene transcription. (J. Clin. Invest. 1995. 95:1684-1689.)
Interactions of the C-terminus of pulmonary surfactant B with lipid bilayers are modulated by acyl chain saturation

Summary Lung surfactant protein B (SP-B) is critical to minimizing surface tension in the alveoli. The C-terminus of SP-B, residues 59-80, has much of the surface activity of the full protein and serves as a template for the development of synthetic surfactant replacements. The molecular mechanisms responsible for its ability to restore lung compliance were investigated with circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry, and 31 P and 2 H solid-state NMR spectroscopy. SP-B 59-80 forms an amphipathic helix which alters lipid organization and acyl chain dynamics in fluid lamellar phase 4:1 DPPC:POPG and 3:1 POPC:POPG MLVs. At higher levels of SP-B 59-80 in the POPC:POPG lipid system a transition to a nonlamellar phase is observed while DPPC:POPG mixtures remain in a lamellar phase. Deuterium NMR shows an increase in acyl chain order in DPPC:POPG MLVs on addition of SP-B 59-80 ; in POPC:POPG MLVs, acyl chain order parameters decrease. Our results indicate SP-B 59-80 penetrates deeply into DPPC:POPG bilayers and binds more peripherally to POPC:POPG bilayers. Similar behavior has been observed for KL 4 , a peptide mimetic of SP-B which was originally designed using SP-B 59-80 as a template and has been clinically demonstrated to be successful in treating respiratory distress syndrome. The ability of these helical peptides to differentially partition into lipid lamellae containing varying levels of monounsaturation and subsequent changes in lipid dynamics suggest a mechanism for lipid organization and trafficking within the dynamic lung environment.
Remote ischaemic preconditioning in isolated aortic valve and coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized trial†

OBJECTIVES: This trial was designed and patients were recruited at a time when the beneﬁts of remote ischaemic preconditioning during open-heart surgery were still controversial. We focused on a homogeneous patient population undergoing either isolated aortic valve replacement or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery by investigating cardiac injury, metabolic stress and inﬂammatory response. METHODS: A 2-centre randomized controlled trial recruited a total of 124 patients between February 2013 and April 2015. Of them, 64 patients underwent CABG and 60 patients underwent aortic valve replacement. Patients were randomized to either sham or preconditioning. Remote ischaemic preconditioning was applied following anaesthesia and before sternotomy. Myocardial injury and inﬂammatory response were assessed by serially measuring cardiac troponin I, and interleukin-6, 8, RESULTS: Application of remote ischaemic preconditioning did not alter the degree of troponin I release, levels of inﬂammatory markers and cardiac energetics in both the CABG and the aortic valve replacement groups. CONCLUSIONS: Preconditioning did not confer any additional cardioprotection in terms of reducing the levels of troponin I and inﬂammatory markers and preserving left and right ventricle energy metabolites in patients undergoing isolated CABG or aortic valve surgery.
Carboxyl Tail Prevents Yeast K (cid:1) Channel Closure: Proposal of an Integrated Model of TOK1 Gating

TOK1 encodes the channel responsible for the prominent outward K (cid:1) current of the yeast plasma membrane. It can dwell in several impermeable states, including a rapidly transiting, K (cid:1) -electromotive-force-dependent “R” ( r ectifying) state, a voltage-independent “IB” ( i nter b urst) state, and a set of [K (cid:1) ] ext and voltage-dependent “C” ( c losed) states. Whereas evidence suggests that the C states result from the constriction of an inner gate at the cytosolic end of the pore, R is most likely an intrinsic gating property of the K (cid:1) filter. Here, we present evidence that Tok1’s carboxyl-tail domain also plays an intimate role in channel gating by dynamically preventing inner-gate closures. We present an integrated model of TOK1 gating in which the filter gate, inner gate, and carboxyl tail interact to produce the various phenomenological states. Both wild-type and tailless behaviors can be replicated using Monte Carlo computer simulations based on this model.
The Importance of Animals in Advancing Alcohol Use Disorder Research

5Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University 6Department of Psychology, University of Houston 7Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine 8Science Directorate, American Psychological Association 9Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center 10Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine 11Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at New Orleans 12Research Society on Alcoholism Animal Research and Ethics Committee
BJRD15430 1..10

1,2HUSSIEN A A B MRAITY, MSc, PhD, 2ANDREW ENGLAND, MSc, PhD, 2SIMON CASSIDY, MSc, PhD, 2PETER EACHUS, MSc, PhD, 3,4ALEJANDRO DOMINGUEZ, BSc, MSc and 2,5PETER HOGG, MPhil Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK Haute Ecole de Sante Vaud, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland School of Health Sciences, University Center of Legal Medecine, Lausanne, Switzerland Department of Radiography, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
WWOM VII: A systematic review of immunobiologic therapy for oral manifestations of pemphigoid and pemphigus

Objective. — To assess the evidence for treatment of oral involvement of pemphigus and pemphigoid with biologics. Study Design. — This systematic review used a comprehensive search strategy to identify literature describing oral involvement of pemphigus or pemphigoid treated with a biologic agent. The primary outcome measures were efficacy and safety of biologic therapy. Results. — Inclusion criteria was met by 154 studies including over investigated infliximab, IVIg, rituximab and autologous platelet-rich plasma therapy for pemphigus vulgaris. Three non-RCT studies reported on successful rituximab or IVIg therapy for mucous membrane pemphigoid. Studies demonstrated considerable heterogeneity in agent, methods, and quality. Conclusions. — Evidence clearly describing oral tissue response to biologic therapy is sparse. Two RCTs support use of rituximab, one supports use of IVIg, and one pilot study suggests intralesional injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma aids healing of oral PV lesions. As oral lesions of pemphigus and pemphigoid can be refractory to systemic therapy, drug trials including biologic therapies should document details regarding response of the oral lesions to therapy.
Treating Severe Obesity to Reduce Dyspnea in Patients With Chronic Lung Disease A Pilot Mixed Methods Study

1128 Research Letter dyspnea but also worse quality of life, worse 6-min walk distances, more frequent exacerbations, and more health-care utilization than their nonobese counterparts. Weight loss has been repeatedly identified as an effective method to reduce perceived breathlessness in people who are obese with chronic lung disease who suffer from dyspnea; however, there is a knowledge gap regarding feasible interventions to address obesity in this population. The aim of our study was to define the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention to decrease breathlessness through weight loss in patients with significant obesity and chronic lung disease.
The Outer Membrane Protein A (OmpA) of Y. pestis promotes intracellular survival and virulence in mice

The plague bacterium Yersinia pestis has a number of well-described strategies to protect itself from both host cells and soluble factors. In an effort to identify additional anti-host factors, we employed a transposon site hybridization (TraSH)-based approach to screen 10 5 Y. pestis mutants in an in vitro infection system. In addition to loci encoding various components of the well-characterized type III secretion system (T3SS), our screen unambiguously identified ompA as a pro-survival gene. We go on to show that an engineered Y. pestis Δ ompA strain, as well as a Δ ompA strain of the closely related pathogen Y. pseudotuberculosis , have fully functioning T3SSs but are specifically defective in surviving within macrophages. Additionally, the Y. pestis Δ ompA strain was outcompeted by the wild-type strain in a mouse co-infection assay. Unlike in other bacterial pathogens in which OmpA can promote adherence, invasion, or serum resistance, the OmpA of Y. pestis is restricted to enhancing intracellular survival. Our data show that OmpA of the pathogenic Yersinia is a virulence factor on par with the T3SS.
Spectroscopic Study of the Globular Clusters in M31

We have performed a new systematic globular cluster (GC) survey of M31 for 3 3 area centered on M31. Using photometric data obtained from observations using the KPNO 0.9-m telescope + Washington CMT1 lters, and spectroscopic data obtained from observations using the KPNO/WIYN 3.5-m telescope + Hydra multib er spectrograph, we have conrmed 544 previously known GCs and found over 600 new GCs and candidates, of which more than one hundred are believed to be genuine GCs. We present the metallicity distribution of the previously known and new GCs in M31, which is better t with three components than with two components.
Complexity of Inexact Proximal Point Algorithm for minimizing convex functions with Holderian Growth

Several decades ago the Proximal Point Algorithm (PPA) started to gain a long-lasting attraction for both abstract operator theory and numerical optimization communities. Even in modern applications, researchers still use proximal minimization theory to design scalable algorithms that overcome nonsmoothness. Remarkable works as \cite{Fer:91,Ber:82constrained,Ber:89parallel,Tom:11} established tight relations between the convergence behaviour of PPA and the regularity of the objective function. In this manuscript we derive nonasymptotic iteration complexity of exact and inexact PPA to minimize convex functions under $\gamma-$Holderian growth: $\BigO{\log(1/\epsilon)}$ (for $\gamma \in [1,2]$) and $\BigO{1/\epsilon^{\gamma - 2}}$ (for $\gamma>2$). In particular, we recover well-known results on PPA: finite convergence for sharp minima and linear convergence for quadratic growth, even under presence of deterministic noise. Moreover, when a simple Proximal Subgradient Method is recurrently called as an inner routine for computing each IPPA iterate, novel computational complexity bounds are obtained for Restarting Inexact PPA. Our numerical tests show improvements over existing restarting versions of the Subgradient Method.
Black Hole Hyperaccretion in Collapsars. III. GRB Timescale

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are classified into long and short populations (i.e., LGRBs and SGRBs) based on the observed bimodal distribution of duration T 90. Multimessenger observations indicate that most SGRBs and LGRBs should be powered by ultrarelativistic jets launched from black hole (BH) hyperaccretion in compact-object mergers and massive collapsars, respectively. However, the duration criterion sometimes cannot correctly reflect the physical origin of a particular GRB. In the collapsar scenario, a GRB can be observed when the jet breaks out from the envelope and circumstellar medium successfully. The observed GRB duration reflects only the time the engine operates after the jet breaks out. This work studies the propagation of jets driven by the neutrino annihilation or Blandford–Znajek mechanism in massive collapsars. The signatures of the progenitors producing LGRBs, SGRBs, and failed GRBs in the collapsar scenario are exhibited. The competition between the mass supply onto the BH hyperaccretion and jet propagation into the envelope is definitely dependent on the density profiles of the collapsars. We show that duration and isotropic energy E γ,iso of GRBs can help constrain the density profiles of collapsars. Finally, we propose that a collapsar-origin SGRB, GRB 200826A, might originate from a neutrino-annihilation-dominated jet launched by a ~10 M ⊙ collapsar whose progenitor’s envelope has been stripped.
Transfer Ranking in Finance: Applications to Cross-Sectional Momentum with Data Scarcity

Modern cross-sectional strategies incorporating sophisticated neural architectures outperform their traditional counterparts when applied to mature assets with long histories. However, deploying them on instruments with limited samples generally produces over-fitted models with degraded performance. In this paper, we introduce Fused Encoder Networks -- a hybrid parameter-sharing transfer ranking model which fuses information extracted using an encoder-attention module from a source dataset with a similar but separate module operating on a smaller target dataset of interest. This mitigates the issue of models with poor generalisability. Additionally, the self-attention mechanism enables interactions among instruments to be accounted for, both at the loss-level during model training and at inference time. Focusing on momentum applied to the top ten cryptocurrencies by market capitalisation as a demonstrative use-case, our model outperforms state-of-the-art benchmarks on most measures and significantly boosts the Sharpe ratio. It continues outperforming baselines even after accounting for the high transaction costs associated with trading cryptocurrencies.
Doubling the Number of Connected Devices in Narrow-band Internet of Things while Maintaining System Performance: An STC-based Approach

Narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) method that was first launched by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) Rel- 13 with the purpose of enabling low-cost, low-power and wide-area cellular connection for the Internet of Things (IoT). As the demand for over-the-air services grows and with the number of linked wireless devices reaching 100 billion, wireless spectrum is becoming scarce, necessitating creative techniques that can increase the number of connected devices within a restricted spectral resource in order to satisfy service needs. Consequently, it is vital that academics develop efficient solutions to fulfill the quality of service (QoS) criteria of the NB-IoT in the context of 5th generation (5G) and beyond. This study paves the way for 5G networks and beyond to have increased capacity and data rate for NB-IoT. Whereas, this article suggests a method for increasing the number of connected devices by using a technique known as symbol time compression (STC). The suggested method compresses the occupied bandwidth of each device without increasing complexity, losing data throughput or bit error rate (BER) performance. The STC approach is proposed in the literature to work with the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to reduce bandwidth usage by 50% and improve the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Specifically, An STC-based method is proposed that exploits the unused bandwidth to double the number of connected devices while keeping system performance and complexity. Furthermore, the {\mu}-law companding technique is leveraged to reduce the PAPR of the transmitted signals. The obtained simulation results reveal that the proposed approach using the {\mu}-law companding technique increases the transmitted data by twice and reduces the PAPR by 3.22 dB while maintaining the same complexity and BER.
Rethinking Surface Design and Materials of Skis

Cross country skiing is a sport that is ever growing in Norway, and becomes larger and larger every year internationally, so the competition is always increasing. One of the key factors involved is the glide of the skis. The variations of how to prepare a ski for a competition is enormous, which makes for potential pit falls for the waxer in charge of prepping the ski. Weather conditions influence the way they prepare for a race, and in this project we look at a new way of understanding the data collected, regarding cross country skiing. The method recommended is called supervised machine learning, and this project would be in cooperation with both Olympiatoppen and the Norwegian national ski team.
Collaboration between parallel connected neural networks - A possible criterion for distinguishing artificial neural networks from natural organs

We find experimentally that when artificial neural networks are connected in parallel and trained together, they display the following properties. (i) When the parallel-connected neural network (PNN) is optimized, each sub-network in the connection is not optimized. (ii) The contribution of an inferior sub-network to the whole PNN can be on par with that of the superior sub-network. (iii) The PNN can output the correct result even when all sub-networks give incorrect results. These properties are unlikely for natural biological sense organs. Therefore, they could serve as a simple yet effective criterion for measuring the bionic level of neural networks. With this criterion, we further show that when serving as the activation function, the ReLU function can make an artificial neural network more bionic than the sigmoid and Tanh functions do.