Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Evaluation of Fodder Tree Leaves with Goats

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of common fodder tree leaves with goats fed at 50% of total ration. In experiment 1, leaves from six fodder tree species i.e., Ailanthus aitissima, Elaeagnus angustifolic, Morus alba (Mulberry), Populus spp, Robina pseudoacacia and Salix babylonia were harvested in spring and winter from northern areas of Pakistan. Chemical composition and apparent in situ dry matter digestibility (DMD) of fodder tree leaves were measured. Results showed that crude protein (CP) values were higher (p<0.05) in all the species during spring compared to winter (17.9% vs 12.0%). The concentration of NDF in Elaeagnus and Robinia was higher in spring, whereas no seasonal difference was found in other species. In situ DMD was higher (p<0.05) in Ailanthus and Populus at spring while it was higher (p<0.05) in Elaeagnus, Mulberry and Robinia at winter. There was no (p<0.05) seasonal effect on in situ DMD of Salix. In experiment II, four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric rations viz., A, B, C and D were prepared containing 50% (winter harvested) sun dried leaves of Salix, Robinia, Mulberry and Elaeagnus, respectively and 50% concentrate. Dry matter and crude protein intakes were higher (p<0.05) given ration A (Salix) whereas DM and CP digestibility was lowest (p<0.05) given ration B. Nitrogen retention was higher (p<0.05) given ration A. Goats fed on fodder tree leaves and concentrate showed moderate intake and digestibility. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2001. Vol 15, No. 1 : 0000-0000)
Mannheim B-Curves in the Euclidean 3-Space E^3

In this study we have defined Mannheim curves according to a Bishop frame and called Mannheim B-curves in the Euclidean 3-space E^3. Then the relations have been found between the Bishop and Frenet vectors of these curves and some conditions have been obtained which are Mannheim B-curves. Also the relation k_2^*=k_1/1+lambdak_1 has been obtained between the Bishop curvatures of the Mannheim B-curves.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTI BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN STABILIZED NANO ZERO VALANT IRON

The application of nanoscale materials and structures, usually ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm), is an emerging area of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanomaterials may provide solutions to technological and environmental challenges in the areas ofsolar energy conversion, catalysis, medicine, and water treatment. This increasing demand must be accompanied by “green”synthesis methods. In the global efforts to reduce generated hazardous waste, “green” chemistry and chemical processes areprogressively integrating with modern developments in science and industry. Implementation of these sustainable processes should adoptthe 12 fundamental principles of green chemistry. These principles are geared to guide in minimizing the use of unsafe products and maximizing the efficiency of chemical processes. Hence, any synthetic route or chemical process should address these principles by using environmentally benign solvents and nontoxic chemicals. Among the different metallic nanoparticles nano zerovalent iron are quite popular because of the higher application in remediation of toxic heavy metals in soil and sewage. In the present study, nano zero valent iron synthesized from the crude green tea extract and the biogenic particles thus obtained coated with 0.1 % starch. The synthesized and coated nano zero valent iron characterized by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) and energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy ( EDX). The characterized particles evaluated for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus adopting dilution method. All the tested bacterial count was significantly reduced in the nanoparticles treatment which suggest the possible use of ZVI as the potential bactericidal agent
A class of binary response models for grouped duration data

SUMMARY This paper explores the relationship between conventional models for binary response such as the probit and logit, and the proportional hazard (PH) and related specifications for grouped duration data. I outline a general class of hazard models for grouped duration data based upon the choice of period-specific distribution functions, facilitating a thorough analysis of the implications of various specifications and consideration of various issues of model identification. This class of models nests, among others, the proportional hazard, probit, and logit specifications for interval survival. I consider the implications of various specifications for hazard behaviour, focusing on familiar specifications. While the specifications will generally yield results that are quite similar along a number of dimensions, there are significant differences. The probit model generates non-proportional effects of variables on the discrete hazard, while the logit and PH tend to show only slight non-proportionality. Furthermore, while the effects of variables on the derivatives are considerably larger for the probit specification, the time-pattern of the probit effects is relatively insensitive to changes in explanatory variables. I illustrate these issues by providing an example taken from Katz's (1986) unemployment data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. One strand of econometric duration research has emphasized the close relationship between the standard maximum likelihood estimator for the grouped data, proportional hazard (PH) model, and traditional binary outcome specifications (Kiefer, 1988a; Sueyoshi, 1991). This literature argues that at a fundamental level, the likelihood of a particular observation on a grouped PH duration is simply the probability of observing a series of binary outcomes, with the probabilities for each trial given by the extreme value cumulative distribution function evaluated at an aggregator of period specific data and parameters. ' The equivalence of the PH specification and a binary extreme value model suggests that it may be profitable to explore further the relationship between commonly employed hazard specifications and familiar models for binary data such as the probit and the logit. Given the considerable accumulated experience of empirical researchers in estimating and interpreting binary response models, probit or logit duration specifications may be a natural approach for analysing grouped duration data. Indeed, the PH model is sometimes advanced as a more sophisticated alternative to a naive approach of estimating a probit-type model with observations pooled across discrete durations (Diamond and Hausman, 1984). The PH model is perceived as
Foreign Capital And Gender Differences In Promotions: Evidence From The Brazilian Transformation Industry

This paper examines whether there exists a glass ceiling to women’s ascension in the largest rms of the Brazilian transformation industry. In particular, we check whether gender matters in the time it takes to get a promotion to a managerial position. Apart from the natural interest in assessing gender di erences in a developing country, the motivation also lies on the fact that the Brazilian data allow us to address both intrarm and inter rm promotions. We nd that, although there are signi cative gender di erences in promotions within domestic rms, the same does not apply for foreign-owned rms. The results are very robust in that there are no qualitative changes if one employs di erent samples and model speci cations. Finally, although our main focus in on gender di erences in terms of how much time it takes to get a promotion, we also evince similar gender di erences within domestic rms in terms of promotion likelihood and of wage gains. JEL classi cation numbers: C24, C41, J16, J71, M51
A Novel Tunable Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Liquid Crystal

This paper presents a novel tunable microstrip patch antenna using liquid crystal. It adopts a differentially-driven, aperture-coupled, and stacked-patch structure. Compared with the conventional design, this novel antenna achieves a larger frequency tuning range, much wider impedance bandwidth, higher radiation efficiency and gain. Besides, the novel antenna facilitates the bias design as the bias signal is naturally isolated from the RF signal. Both the conventional and novel antennas are designed to operate at 28 GHz using an RT/Duroid 5880 substrate and K15 liquid crystal. Results show that the novel antenna has a tuning range of 3.1%, an impedance bandwidth of 6.43%, a peak radiation efficiency of 70%, and a peak realized gain of 6.5 dBi, while the conventional antenna has the tuning range of 2.7%, impedance bandwidth of 3.57%, peak radiation efficiency of 45%, and peak realized peak gain of 4.5 dBi.
Design of Observer-based Output Feedback Clutch Slip Controller for Automatic Transmission

Abstract In this paper, an observer-based output feedback controller is designed for clutch slip control of automatic transmission where not all states are measurable. The control system consists of a reduced-order observer and a nonlinear state feedback controller. The main contribution of this paper is that an integral action of the tracking error is introduced to reducing the steady-state error of the system. Robustness of the tracking error system is discussed in the framework of Input-to-State Stability (ISS) theory, where the disturbance inputs are considered as estimation error from the observer and unmodelled dynamics respectively. Moveover, lookup tables, which are widely used to represent complex nonlinear characteristics of engine systems, appear in their original form in the designed controller. Finally, the designed controller is tested on an AMESim powertrain simulation model to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Audio Type Identification UsingEEMD: A Noise Assisted Data AnalysisMethod

Audio classification is a process of assigning particular class to an audio signal. Classifying the audio signal has many applications in the field of digital library, automatic organization of databases etc. In the last several years efforts have been made to develop different methods to extract information from audio signals, so that they may be stored, organized and retrieved automatically whenever required. In this work, audio signals are classified into different categories based on spectral and temporal features. In this methodology, the audio signal is initially decomposed into overlapped frames. Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), which is noise assisted data analysis method, is used to convert these frames into a set of band-limited functions known as Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). Temporal and Spectral features then extracted from these IMFs and thereafter classification is done using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) classifier. Different combinations of features were tested to create feature vector. The experimental results showed accuracy of more than 80%.
Biology of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under different temperature and relative humidity

Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a pest of Solanaceae crops, particularly tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (Miller)) and potato (Solanum tuberosum Linnaeus) in the world. There are different records on the biology of T. absoluta in the world mainly due to variations in temperature and relative humidity. In Ethiopia, night temperature is very low and day temperature is very high. Due to this reason, it is expected that the biology of T. absoluta is somehow different from what was so far recorded elsewhere. Hence, the biology of T. absoluta was studied at different temperatures and relative humidities under laboratory and glasshouse conditions for two consecutive seasons. In the experiment, developmental stage, adult longevity, fecundity and ovipositon period were recorded. T. absoluta female laid about 60.56% of her egg on the upper side surface of tomato leaf, while the lowest (0.85%) was laid on tomato stem. The highest number of eggs of 233.75±14.42 was laid at 20.5±2°C and 55±5% R.H. , whereas the lowest number of eggs (177.5±9.26) was laid at 32.0±2°C and 40±5% R.H. Considering the life cycle and longevity of adult T. absoluta, the results revealed that at 20.5±2°C (55±5% R.H.), no significant (P > 0.05) difference was observed between laboratory and glasshouse conditions in the case of complete life cycle. The life expectancy of adult was high at low temperature and low at high temperature. As temperature increased (20.5°C and above), developmental time of the moth appeared to decrease. Key words: Biology, life span, fecundity, Tuta absoluta, temperature, relative humidity.
Optimal Energy Investment and R&D Strategies to Stabilise Greenhouse Gas Atmospheric Concentrations

The stabilisation of GHG atmospheric concentrations at levels expected to prevent dangerous climate change has become an important, global, long-term objective. It is therefore crucial to identify a cost-effective way to achieve this objective. In this paper we use WITCH, a hybrid climate-energy-economy model, to obtain a quantitative assessment of some cost-effective strategies that stabilise CO2 concentrations at 550 or 450 ppm. In particular, this paper analyses the energy investment and R&D policies that optimally achieve these two GHG stabilisation targets (i.e. the future optimal energy mix consistent with the stabilisation of GHG atmospheric concentrations at 550 and 450 ppm). Given that the model accounts for interdependencies and spillovers across 12 regions of the world, optimal strategies are the outcome of a dynamic game through which inefficiency costs induced by global strategic interactions can be assessed. Therefore, our results are somehow different from previous analyses of GHG stabilisation policies where a central planner or a single global economy are usually assumed. In particular, the effects of free-riding incentives in reducing emissions and in investing in R&D are taken into account. Technical change being endogenous in WITCH, this paper also provides an assessment of the implications of technological evolution in the energy sector of different stabilisation scenarios. Finally, this paper quantifies the net costs of stabilising GHG concentrations at different levels, for different allocations of permits and for different technological scenarios. In each case, the optimal long-term investment strategies for all available energy technologies are determined. The case of an unknown backstop energy technology is also analysed.
COPING THROUGH SOCIAL CAPITAL IN EDUCATIONAL STRATIFICATION: RELATIONAL ALIGNMENT AND COMPLEMENTARY TIES

This paper attempts to refine the theory of social capital in educational research. This study emphasizes functional specificity of the support by parents and school as two primary source of social capital to adolescents. After a review of theories on various forms of capital regarding stratification process, this study, first, introduces the concept of relational alignment as reflecting functional specificity of social capital drawing on Wisconsin status attainment model (Sewell et al. 1969), Coleman’s theory of social capital (1988) and aligned ambition (Schneider and Stevenson 1999). Second, based on complementarity principal of interpersonal or inter-organizational network development pattern (Lauman, Galaskiewicz and Marsden 1978), complementary extra-group ties is proposed as a social capital strategy through which parents and schools can effectively bridge resources and information specific to adolescents’ goals, enabling them to make informed choices about their future. One empirical application for each theoretical concept is discussed in the context of transition to college education in the US and one empirical application for relational alignment is discussed in terms of school academic performance in Korea.
AN APPLICATION OF BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING SYSTEM ILNET

In this paper we present a system for accompanying of the process of Bachelor and Master thesis administration, including all stages: publication of thesis themes, thesis choice, documents fulfillment, thesis writing, thesis submission, thesis review, thesis publication, etc. The system is developed on the base of business process modeling system ILNET and its basic model for describing and executing workflow models. The basic model allows the creation and usage of both high-level constructs that are available in all popular business modeling standards as well as low-level programming language constructs that allow the implementations of new building blocks. Amongst the main features of the system are the capability of the blocks to implement their own custom visualization using the same workflow model, the centralized independent hosting and execution of the models, the ability to hot-swap a compiled and running model with another (newer) one and the automatic wrapping of web services and . NET libraries into ILNET building blocks.
Coupling scalar and vector potentials on nonmatching grids for eddy currents in a moving conductor

The T − formulation of the magnetic 3eld has been introduced in many papers for the approximation of the magnetic quantities modelled by the eddy current equations. This decomposition allows to use a scalar function in the main part of the computational domain, reducing the use of vector quantities to the conducting parts. We propose to approximate these two quantities on nonmatching grids so as to be able to tackle a problem where the conducting part can move in the global domain. The connection between the two grids is managed with mortar element techniques. c © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. MSC: 78A30; 35Q60; 65N30; 65M55; 68U20
Web Usage Mining: An Analysis

Web usage mining is research area in web mining. Web mining is an activity that focuses to discover new, relevant and reliable information and knowledge by examining the structure, content and usage of web. The major focus is on learning about web users and their interaction with websites. Web log files generated on web servers are used in order to extract web usage of different users. There are three types of web repositories: web server log, proxy server log, browser log. Analysing web logs for usage can not only provide important information to websites developers but also help in creating adaptive web sites. In this paper we discuss various sources of information for WUM, Methodology of web usage mining techniques which involves Data collection , Data pre-processing , knowledge discovery and knowledge analysis. Various applications of WUM are personalization, prefetching and caching, support to design and E-commerce. Major application of web usage mining is to predict future accesses. Thus, the result obtained after web usage mining can be used to improve the performance of prefetching and caching.
Modeling Export Price of Tea in Kenya: Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average

Agriculture sector is a key driver of economic growth in Kenya. It remains the main source of livelihood for the majority of the Kenyan people. Tea, coffee, and horticulture are the main agricultural exports in Kenya. Export price of these commodities fluctuates mainly due to law of demand and supply. Other reasons include; quality of goods and inflation effect on the dollar or other hard currencies. Further, farmers and their cooperative societies are affected by the local foreign exchange. The government and other stake holders require prior information on price trends for ease of planning. Thus it is important to forecast export prices of these commodities. The purpose of this study is to compare the forecasting performance of artificial neural network (ANN) model and a SARIMA model in export price of tea in Kenya. Secondary data was obtained from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). A total of 185 monthly export prices were obtained. A three layer feed-forward artificial neural network was trained using 70% of the data. The ANN model obtained was used to predict export prices for the remaining 30% of the data. SARIMA model was also used to predict export prices for the same duration. Forecasting performance was evaluated using Root mean squared errors (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). ANN demonstrated a superior performance over SARIMA model. The authors' ANN has high performance compared to SARIMA and can accurately predict export price of tea.
Towards Agile Product Development - The Role of Prototyping

The complexity in all products and processes increases and the need for operative agility is seen as a key factor of success (Link and Lewirck, 2014). Agile approaches are extremely beneficial for situations with high uncertainty and a continuously changing environment. During the exploration new insights are gathered and an abstract vision becomes a concrete product idea. Based on testing and user feedback the feature set is adapted. The guiding principles are the interdisciplinarity and the strong design orientation. Rapid implementation of ideas into objects ("manifestation") triggers internal and external communication and feedback mechanisms. The prototype is seen as a process- and phase-spanning driver of the innovation process. However to date, there is no clear understanding of how an agile development actually looks like in the field of mechatronics and what the role of prototyping is in this context. Thus, the goal of this explorative study is to evaluate how prototyping is related to a mechatronic project path with regards to agile development. To this end, a prototyping roadmap is used to derive an agile mechatronic product development.
Examining the M67 Classification as an Open Cluster

The cluster M67 (= NGC 2682) in Cancer is a rich stellar cluster, usually classified as an open cluster. Using our own observations with the 0.4 m telescope, we show that M67 is a tight group of about 1200 stars. The actual radius of the cluster is about 3.1 pc and the average mass of a star in the system is about . We also show that the ratio of the mean kinetic energy of the cluster to its mean gravitational potential energy , while the value predicted by the virial theorem is equal to . So the system is a gravitationally bound. This value of is considered as an evidence of quasi-stability of the cluster and allows us to use the Chandrasekhar-Spitzer relaxation time for M67 Myr as a characteristic dynamical relaxation time of the system. As the cluster is almost twice older its half-life time , it is argued that M67 was in the past (about 4 Gyr ago, close to its forma-tion) a relatively small ( stars) globular cluster, but got “open cluster” shape due to the dynamical evapora-tion of the majority of its stars.
Some insights for a Relationship Marketing Model integrating SERVQUAL and Customer Loyalty in dental clinics

The demand of new services, the emergence of new business models, insufficient innovation, underestimation of customer loyalty and reluctance to adopt new management are evidence of the deficiencies and the lack of research about the relations between patients and dental clinics. In this article we propose the structure of a model of Relationship Marketing (RM) in the dental clinic that integrates information from SERVQUAL, Customer Loyalty (CL) and activities of RM and combines the vision of dentist and patient. The first pilot study on dentists showed that: they recognize the value of maintaining better patients however they don't perform RM actions to retain them. They have databases of patients but not sophisticated enough as compared to RM tools. They perceive that the patients value "Assurance" and "Empathy" (two dimensions of service quality). Finally, they indicate that a loyal patient not necessarily pays more by the service. The proposed model will be validated using Fuzzy Logic simulation and the ultimate goal of this research line is contributing a new definition of CL.