Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revision 1 1 A Grüneisen tensor for rutile and its application to host-inclusion 2 systems 3 Word count : 4914 4

Kira A. Musiyachenko1, Mara Murri2, Mauro Prencipe3, *Ross J. Angel4, Matteo Alvaro1 5 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata, 1 27100 Pavia, Italy 6 2Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della 7 Scienza 4, I-20126 Milano, Italy 8 3Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy 9 4 IGG CNR, Via Giovanni Gradenigo, 6, 35131 Padova, Italy 10 11 *Corresponding author: ross.angel@igg.cnr. it 12 Submitted to American Mineralogist 13 Abstract 14
A computational model of the underlying mechanisms of 1 temporal coding in the auditory cortex 2

In primary auditory cortex, slowly repeated acoustic events are represented temporally by phase-locked 11 activity of single neurons. Single-unit studies in awake marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have shown that a sub12 population of these neurons also monotonically increase or decrease their average discharge rate during stimulus 13 presentation for higher repetition rates. Building on a computational single-neuron model that generates phase14 locked responses with stimulus evoked excitation followed by strong inhibition, we find that stimulus-evoked 15 short-term depression is sufficient to produce synchronized monotonic positive and negative responses to slowly 16 repeated stimuli. By exploring model robustness and comparing it to other models for adaptation to such stimuli, 17 we conclude that short-term depression best explains our observations in single-unit recordings in awake 18 marmosets. Using this model, we emulated how single neurons could encode and decode multiple aspects of an 19 acoustic stimuli with the monotonic positive and negative encoding of a given stimulus feature. Together, our 20 results show that a simple biophysical mechanism in single neurons can allow a more complex encoding and 21 decoding of acoustic stimuli. 22
Diagnostyka pittingu kół zębatych na podstawie surowego sygnału emisji akustycznej w oparciu o głębokie uczenie maszynowe

With the rapid development of the modern industries, the detection and identification of gear pitting faults in mechanical transmission systems have become one of the critical issues. Establishing a reliable health detection system, especially for gear fitting faults, is the key to ensuring smooth operation of industrial equipment. Traditionally, vibrational signals are used as monitoring signals for gear fault diagnosis as reported in the literature. For example, Praveenkumar et al. [18] extracted statistical inquiries from the acquired gearbox vibration signals. The extracted features were given as input to the support vector machine for fault identification. Zuber et al. [35] used a complete set of vibration features as input to the self-organized feature maps and discussed the implementation of feature-based artificial neural networks and vibration analysis to achieve automatic gearbox fault identification. Of course, these methods have achieved good results. However, due to the influence of the external environment, the vibration signals contain a large amount of environmental noise. Therefore, acoustic emission (AE) technology has gradually been introduced into mechanical fault diagnosis. Crivelli et al. [7] proposed that AE is a potentially suitable technique for detecting early fatigue cracks because it is sensitive to high frequencies generated by crack propagation and is not affected by low-frequency noise. The method proposed by He et al. [13] uses a short-time Fourier transform to pre-process the AE sensor fault signal of the bearing. The verification results show an accurate classification. Qu et al. [20] proposed an AE signal processing method based on an improved time Li X, Li J, He D, Qu Y. Gear pitting fault diagnosis using raw acoustic emission signal based on deep learning. eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc – Maintenance and Reliability 2019; 21 (3): 403–410, http://dx.doi. org/10.17531/ein.2019. 3.6.
Silica based aerogel‐like materials obtained by quick microwave drying

Aerogel‐like silica based materials were obtained by microwave drying of the gels synthesized with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) precursor. The microwave drying is an alternative ambient pressure drying technique for these nanostructured materials that allows a fast fine drying stage and avoids the high temperature cycles of conventional evaporative drying. The gels were synthesized by a two‐step acid‐base catalyzed sol‐gel process following the procedures described in an earlier work. After 2 days of aging, they were placed in an oven at 60°C, during one day, and then washed with distilled water at 40°C. Finally, the gels were dried in a microwave oven, at 450 W, in three cycles of two minutes each with two minutes of interval. During drying, a reduction of the gel volume was observed, but the major part of this volume was recovered by spring‐back effect in 2 days, giving aerogel‐like materials with a density in the interval 60–80 kg/m3. The final materials are monolithic, flexible and have a thermal conductivity of ˜0.04 W/(m K), which make them suitable for insulation applications. Additionally, they exhibit high hydrophobicity (contact angle ˜150°) and surface area (414 m2/g), what can be beneficial for adsorption of some organic pollutants.
Synthesis and characterization of a quaternary nanocomposite based on TiO2/CdS/rGO/Pt and its application in the photoreduction of CO2 to methane under visible light

‘Together we are stronger’ In this work, the preparation of the quaternary nanocomposite TiO2/CdS/rGO/Pt is reported along with its application, for the first time, as a catalyst for the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4). TiO2/CdS nanoparticles and Pt nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide sheets (rGO/Pt) were synthesized separately and characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical experiments. Hydrocarbon samples were collected and analysed using gas chromatography (GC). After 5 hours of illumination under visible light, 0.11 μmol of CH4 was produced at an average production rate of 0.0867 μmol h−1, which is higher than the production of CH4 measured from the TiO2/CdS and the TiO2/CdS/Pt control samples. The photoelectrochemical experiments confirmed that the presence of rGO sheets in the nanocomposite enhanced the electrochemical and photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposite as a result of rapid electron transport and the inhibition of charge recombination.
Structure and Development of the Testis of Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, and Their Changes during Seasonal Variation

The testes of fully mature bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, were studied by light microscope. The germ cells in the developing testis can be classified into 12 stages based on nuclear characteristics. Primary(type A) and secondary(type B) spermatogonia are the earliest germ cells, with the former showing large and completely euchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli and the latter with small blocks of heterochromatin distributed along the nuclear envelope. Spermatocytes consist of five stages; namely, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis metaphase spermatocytes. Succeeding stages show increasing condensation of chromatin : from the coarse fibers, that are evenly distributed throughout the nucleus in leptotene stage to the highly condensed blocks of heterochromatin in pachytene and diplotene stages. Nucleoli are not detected in any stages. Secondary spermatocytes have blocks of completely condensed heterochromatin attaching to the nuclear envelopes. There are three stages of spermatids: the early stage shows coarse chromatin granules occurs evenly over the nucleus, the middle stage has increased chromatin condensation over the entire oval nucleus while the nuclear size decreases. The late stage exhibits completely condensed chromatin in an elongated nucleus, and its cytoplasm becomes highly vacuolized and starts to degenerate. In fully mature spermatozoa, the nucleus becomes highly elongated and chromatin completely condensed. During development of the testis, sex cords in putative testis appear in two-month-old frogs. Seminiferous tubules containing primary spermatogonia appear in the definitive testis of four-month-old frogs while spermatocytes are present in five-monthold frogs. Spermiogenesis and full production of spermatozoa could be detected from the seventh month onwards. The frogs become fully mature about sixteen months when their testes undergo cyclical change. During breeding period (April-September), there are abundant spermatozoa, round spermatids in seminiferous tubules, while during non-breeding period (October-March), such cells are much fewer in number and most remaining cells are spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes.
Of Rats And Men: Peer Presence And Familiarity Are Key Factors Which Reduce Drug Intake

Social environment influences drug consumption, its persistence and evolution. Little is known regarding the influence of the presence of a peer during drug consumption and especially how the relationship between peers (familiarity and dominance) can influence drug consumption. We used here a translational and transdisciplinary approach to explore the influence of peer presence and peer familiarity in rats and humans that self-administer stimulants. In rats, cocaine intake was compared when rats were alone with intake when peers with different characteristics (familiar or not, cocaine naive or not, dominant or subordinate) were present. In humans, 77 cocaine and/or methylphenidate users were asked to detail their most recent drug use episodes and their relationship with peers present at consumption. The results show that in both humans and rats, the risk of cocaine/stimulant consumption was significantly reduced by 37% and 32%, respectively, when a peer was present. Moreover, the lowest risk of consumption was consistently observed when the peer was unfamiliar (vs familiar) with a further 38% and 17% risk reduction, respectively. In rats, a decreased risk of consumption was greater when the peer was cocaine naive (vs non-cocaine naive). The presence of a non-familiar and possibly drug-naive peer is the most efficient condition to diminish stimulant intake. Our results indirectly support the use of harm reduction strategies, in particular supervised consumption rooms for stimulant users.
Individual Variation in Brain Network Topology Predicts Emotional Intelligence

Background Social cognitive ability is a significant determinant of functional outcome and deficits in social cognition are a disabling symptom of psychotic disorders. The neurobiological underpinnings of social cognition are not well understood, hampering our ability to ameliorate these deficits. Objective Using ‘resting-state’ fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and a trans-diagnostic, data-driven analytic strategy, we sought to identify the brain network basis of emotional intelligence, a key domain of social cognition. Methods Study participants included 60 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 46 healthy comparison participants. All participants underwent a resting-state fMRI scan. Emotional Intelligence was measured using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). A connectome-wide analysis of brain connectivity examined how each individual brain voxel’s connectivity correlated with emotional intelligence using multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR). Results We identified a region in the left superior parietal lobule (SPL) where individual network topology predicted emotional intelligence. Specifically, the association of this region with the Default Mode Network predicted higher emotional intelligence and association with the Dorsal Attention Network predicted lower emotional intelligence. This correlation was observed in both schizophrenia and healthy comparison participants. Conclusion Previous studies have demonstrated individual variance in brain network topology but the cognitive or behavioral relevance of these differences was undetermined. We observe that the left SPL, a region of high individual variance at the cytoarchitectonic level, also demonstrates individual variance in its association with large scale brain networks and that network topology predicts emotional intelligence.
When Bigger is Better: The Impact of a Tiny Tick Size on Undercutting Behavior

Abstract Economically insignificant tick sizes encourage undercutting behavior, thus harming market quality. Theoretical work shows that increasing tick sizes in unconstrained markets reduces undercutting and improves market quality. Equity market pricing grids are generally too coarse to test this prediction. We examine a cryptocurrency market with infinitesimal tick sizes where undercutting limit orders acquire price priority without meaningful economic cost. We show that increasing tick sizes reduces undercutting behavior, increases liquidity provision and quoted depth, and reduces transaction costs for institutional and retail-sized trades while decreasing short-term volatility. Tiny tick sizes are suboptimal, supporting increased minimum trading increments in tick-unconstrained markets.
Integrated molecular and clinical analysis for understanding human disease relationships

We jointly examined gene-expression and electronic health record data for 104 diseases to identify unbiased clusters of molecularly and clinically related diseases. We performed gene expression meta-analysis of 41,000 samples and computed diseases’ clinical profile similarity using 2 million patient records. Based on molecular data, we observed autoimmune diseases clustering with their specific infectious triggers and brain disorders clustering by disease class. In contrast, the electronic health records based clinical profiles clustered diseases according to the similarity of their initial manifestation and later complications. Our integrated molecular and clinical analysis identified diseases with under-appreciated, therapeutically actionable relationships, such as between myositis and interstitial cystitis. This global understanding of relationships between diseases has potential to identify disease causing mechanisms and offer novel therapeutic targets.
Assessment of Methods for Industrial Indoor Object Recognition

One of the most important means for digital transformation is the Digital Twin which is the most exact representation of the manufacturing process in a virtual model. The Digital Twin provides many advantages for the optimization of production processes, but it is currently still used very rarely. This is primarily due to the fact that companies are reluctant to incur generation costs and do not have the required IT know-how. One approach to overcome these obstacles is to simplify the generation of the Digital Twin by using object recognition. This can be used to automatically scan a production system and transfer it to a model. However, suitable methods of object recognition are needed to achieve added value. Suitable acquisition methods are also necessary to compensate the impact of darkness, dirt and occlusion. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in 3D object recognition of indoor objects using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The comparison of main recognition methods based on methods of geometric shape descriptor and supervised learning and their strenghts and weakness is also included. The focus lies on the specific requirements and constrains in an industrial environment like tight assembly, light, dirt, occlusion, incomplete data sets.
Sustainable Procurement Practices and Performance Of Procurement In Food And Beverages Manufacturing Firms In Kenya

The study sought to establish the influence of sustainable procurement practices on the performance of procurement in food and beverages manufacturing firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. Four specific objectives guided this study, namely: to establish the influence of reverse logistics, green specification, green inventory management and green tendering on the performance of procurement in food and beverages manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The study was grounded on organization theory, system theory, legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory. The study used descriptive cross-sectional survey research design to survey one hundred and eight firms sampled stratifically from two hundred and seventeen food and beverage manufacturing firms registered members of Kenya Association of Manufacturers under Nairobi County. Procurement managers were used as the unit of observation. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The questionnaires were selfadministered with assistance from the research assistants. The study used descriptive statistics such as standard deviation, medium and mean to describe data while multiple regression model was used to test the hypothesised model. The data analysis was facilitated by Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The findings were presented on tables and figures. The study revealed that reverse logistics, green specification, green inventory management and green tendering are practiced across the manufacturing firms across Nairobi County. Importantly, the study established that the four sustainable procurement practices (reverse logistics, green specification, green inventory management and green tendering) significantly positively affect procurement performance through reduction of cost, clean environment and increased quality of supplies. Therefore the study concludes that sustainable procurement significantly increase procurement performance with the ultimate positive impact on firm performance. The study therefore recommends that manufacturing firms should institutionalise sustainable procurement practices through formulation and implementing of green procurement policies and procedures in order to manage their operational costs, comply with environmental regulatory authority requirements and increase quality of supplies. Secondly, management should proactively sensitise the general employees on befits of sustainable practices and specifically in regard to procurement function in order to create green culture with consequential performance benefits. Further, the government should take a deliberate step through policy interventions to encourage firms to green their operations as a way of GSJ: Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2020 ISSN 2320-9186 1637 GSJ© 2020 www.globalscientificjournal. com preserving the environment and sustainably manage the natural resources to support future needs of the populace. Finally, the study recommends that a further study should incorporate service industry in order to compare and bring out a global view.
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Rabies disease is a zoonotic viral disease transmitted by bites from an animal with rabies. The rabies virus is a bullet-shaped, single-chain, negative-strand RNA virus from the Rhabdoviridae family. Clinical symptoms progress with acute encephalitis, causing mortality in humans and animals (1,2). According to the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) data, it is reported in more than 150 countries. The most important source of transmission to humans is the animals living in close surroundings. Some carnivores and bats are natural reservoirs, but 99% of transmission to humans occurs via dogs (3,4). Deaths linked to rabies in many countries are not reported, especially in the young age group (4). Additionally, a significant portion of the 55,000 annual deaths occurs in Africa and Asia. It is observed in every age group, but children under the age of 15 years are the at-risk group. Of vaccinations linked to potential bites from rabid animals, 40% are administered to the 5-14-year age group. It is known that the male gender is dominant in the vaccinated population (5). Beginning with fever and frequently pain and paresthesia around the wound, rabies disease develops with encephalitis progressing to mortality after the virus spread through the central nervous system. Within a few days, death is observed after cardiovascular arrest (4,6,7). Rabies disease with paralytic progression is less dramatic and lasts longer, but Abstract
Are Exit Decisions Capital Replacement Decisions

This paper presents a structural model for the exit process of heterogeneous agents in which assumptions of market organization affect economic behavior. In this framework the market for oil tanker carriers provides a unique paradigm for an empirical assessment of the impact of financial versus capital replacement variables on exit behavior under perfect competition. In this setting we challenge Koopman’s earlier assertion (Zannetos, 1966) that namely exit decisions correspond to capital replacement. Aggregate models of exit are proposed and brought to real data in the tanker market industry. Their specification is tested through econometric methods and appears very sympathetic to scrapping dynamics. The empirical findings verify the abundance of financial variables over capital replacement, as well as the importance of market organization on capital investment decisions. JEL Classification: C51, C52, L92
IJSRD-International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 7, Issue 02, 2019 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Nowadays, a composite material is used as replacement of the conventional materials in Automobile industries because of high strength to light weight properties, which reduces the overall vehicle weight without compromising the strength and reliability. Composite materials with higher specific stiffness, low weight, and high damping capacity have greater torque capacity than conventional drive shaft. The advanced composite materials such as carbon and glass with epoxy resin are widely used because of their high specific strength and high specific modulus. The aim of this work is to replace the conventional asbestos brake pad of automobiles with an appropriate carbon/glass composite brake pad. Study also includes the preparation of composite brake pad for overall weight reduction, whereas the conventional asbestos brake pad has lots of issue related to environment. In this approach, optimum designed brake pad finite element model will be prepared in finite element commercial software ABAQUS. The noise, vibration and buckling analysis will be done which are very much essential for friction materials like brake pad Experiment also conducted on instrument to measure the vibration and mechanical properties of composite shaft.
Driven by Commonsense

Within the autonomous driving domain, there is now a clear need and tremendous potential for hybrid solutions (e.g., integrating semantics, learning, visual computing) towards fulﬁlling essential legal and ethical responsibilities involving explainability (e.g., for diagnosis), human-centred AI (e.g., interaction design), and industrial standardisation (e.g, pertaining to representation, realisation of rules & norms). In these contexts, this highlight paper positions recent research from IJCAI 2019 [4] aimed at advancing human-centred AI principles in the backdrop of the autonomous driving application domain. From a technical viewpoint, the highlighted research provides a model for advancing the state of the art in reasoning about space and motion, combining reasoning and learning, non-monotonic reasoning, and computational modelling of high-level visuospatial commonsense. In addition to demonstrating the signiﬁ-cance of integrated vision and semantics solutions in autonomous driving, we also highlight open questions emphasising the need for interdisciplinary mixed-methods research –involving AI, Psychology, HCI– to better appreciate the complexity and spectrum of varied human-centred challenges in diverse naturalistic driving situations.