Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BACK-PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORKSRECOGNITION VS. PREDICTION CAPABILITY

Literature data on biodegradation kinetics of organic compounds, together with a descriptor representation, are subjected to a systematic analysis of the performance of back-propagation neural-network models. The results show distinct dependencies on various model parameters, particularly on the number of iteration cycles. The application of leave-n-out procedures leads to general recommendations for a proper evaluation of the recognition and prediction power of this class of nonlinear structure-activity models.
Distribution patterns of long-lived individuals of relict plants around Fanjingshan Mountain in China: implications for in situ conservation

The mountain areas in south-central China are widely recognized as refugia of relict plants during the late Neogene and Quaternary periods. In this paper, we try to explore the distribution patterns of natural habitats and to exactly locate the refugia of relict species around Fanjingshan Mountain using dendrological data of long-lived individuals (≥ 100 years old). Six typical relict plants were found around the mountain, i.e. Cyclocarya paliurus, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron chinense, Pinus massoniana, Podocarpus macrophyllus , and Taxus chinensis . The long-lived individuals were divided into three classes according to their ages: Class-I (≥ 500 years), Class-II (300–499 years), and Class-III (100–299 years). Our results showed that the south-west region to the mountain was the main distribution area of Class-I trees of G. biloba and T. chinensis , most of which occurring in the same small village (Yangliu Village of Yinjiang County). The north-east region harboured all the six relict species. Floristic analyses also indicated these two regions were very similar in tree growth as measured by DBH (diameter at breast height of 1.3 m). Thus, these two areas would have provided long-term suitable habitats for relict species. The south-west region, especially the small village Yangliu, should be given highest priority for in situ conservation of relict species and other rare and endangered plants. Attention should also be paid to the north-east region for its very high species diversity of relict species.
An Electrophoretic Analysis of Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Phylogeny

Berlocher, S. H.1 (Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801), and Guy L. Bush2 (Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712) 1982. An electrophoretic analysis of Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae) phylogeny. Syst. Zool. , 31: 136-155. -Electrophoretic analysis of Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae) has been performed to gain insight into phylogenetic relationships in the genus, and to determine whether Rhagoletis species have cospeciated with their host plants. The electrophoretic phylogeny differs from both the conventional classification and the assumed phylogeny of the host plants. Most of the changes suggested in the conventional classification are compatible with morphological data. The differences in the phylogenies of Rhagoletis and its host plants are not, however, likely to be resolved by further systematic analysis of the host plants. In addition to these topics, we also discuss the electrophoretic phylogeny with respect to the biogeography of the genus. [Electrophoresis; phylogeny; genetic distance; coevolution; Rhagoletis; Tephritidae. ] The fruit flies of the genus Rhagoletis Loew are common orchard pests in many parts of the world, since they feed as larvae in a wide variety of fruits (Boller and Prokopy, 1975). The genus is better known to evolutionary biology as a key exhibit in debate over the existence of sympatric speciation (Bush, 1966, 1969, 1975a, b; Mayr, 1963, 1970, 1978; Futuyma and Mayer, 1980). In a less wellknown context, these flies can contribute data to the renewed argument about the importance and interpretation of phylogenetic coevolution between parasites and their hosts (Brooks, 1979, 1980a, b; Holmes and Price, 1980). In this paper we estimate the phylogeny of Rhagoletis species using electrophoretic data. We answer three questions: 1) What phylogeny do the electrophoretic data support? 2) Is the electrophoretic phylogeny congruent with the existing systematics of the genus? 3) Is the electrophoretic phylogeny congruent with the systematics of the host plants of the flies? We also discuss the 1 This work was begun as part of the author's doctoral research in the Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas. 2 Present address: Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824. phylogeny of the genus with respect to its biogeography.
A review on research methods of root exudates

Root exudates are the exchange carriers of substance,energy and information between the plant and soil in rhizosphere.The research on their types and amount is an important part in the fields of plant nutrition,allelopathy and environmental remediation.Currently,the main methods for collecting root exudates are solution culture,soil culture,medium culture and continual collection system;separation and purification methods include resin exchange,derivatization and extraction,column chromatography,molecular membrane and ultracentrifugation;and detection methods are mainly biological activity assay and instrumental analysis.In this paper,these methods were reviewed with examples so as to help researchers to find out efficient methods in their root exudates studies.
Tannins and Related Compounds. LXXXV. : Structures of Novel C-Glycosidic Ellagitannins, Grandinin and Pterocarinins A and B

The structures of three hydrolyzable tannins, i.e., grandinin (3) (isolated from various species of Myrtaceae, Fagaceae and Lythraceae), pterocarinin A (4) (from Pterocarya steroptera C.DC. and Eucalyptus viminalis LABILL.) and pterocarinin B (6) (from P. stenoptera), have been established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence as novel C-glycosidic ellagitannins in which a C5-polyalcohol unit with lyxose-type configuration is linked through a carbon-carbon bond to the C-1 position of the C-glycosyl moiety. Successful biomimetic synthesis of 3 and 4 suggests that the C5-polyalcohol unit is biosynthetically derived from L-ascorbic acid.
Molecular identification and specific detection of Badnavirus from taro grown in China

The universal degenerate primers BadnaFP /BadnaRP were used for the detection of badnaviruses in taro grown in China. The target fragment of 576 bp,covering the conserved region of genes encoding reverse transcriptase( RT) and ribonuclease H( RNase H),was amplified from seven samples. Sequence analysis of 12 clones of PCR products from those samples showed that the clones from different samples had similarities of 78. 8%- 99. 5% and 81. 3%- 99. 5% at nucleotide( nt) and amino acid( aa) levels,and the clones from the same sample had similarities of 89. 6%- 100% and 92. 7%- 100% at nt and aa levels,respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the isolates belonged to a member of Badnavirus. However,the obtained sequences shared only 58. 0%- 62. 2% nt and 58. 5%- 64. 1% aa similarities with sequences of Taro bacilliform virus,suggesting that it might be a new tentative species in the genus Badnavirus. Primers P197 / P433 based on the obtained sequences were used for detecting this virus from 51 taro samples. The results showed that the designed primers could be used for effective and specific detection of the badnaviruses in taro grown in China.
Modeling of an IFAS Process with Fungal Biomass Treating Pharmaceutical Wastewater

The project involved the dynamic modeling of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) treating pharmaceutical wastewater. The WWTP uses an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process with suspended carriers for biological treatment. The plant is unique in that it uses both fungal and bacterial IFAS reactors. The fungal biomass has been shown in laboratory testing to degrade a portion of the waste not degraded by bacterial biomass alone. The GPS-X simulator was used to model the plant. The mantis model, which is a modified version of ASM1, was used for the biological processes. Modifications were made to mantis to model the adsorption of inert soluble COD onto particulate matter and the uptake of phosphorus for biomass growth. The GPS-X model was calibrated to the first 90 days of data from 2004 and verified using data from the remainder of 2004. Calibration involved characterizing the influent waste streams, specifying operational variables, and adjusting certain key model parameters to minimize the error between the measured and predicted data. Minimal adjustments to the model parameters were required to calibrate the model. The model was found to be applicable to simulation of plant performance over the entire year. This suggests that the International Water Association (IWA) activated sludge models (ASM) with some modifications are applicable to the modeling of fungal biomass. For demonstration purposes, a number of simulations were conducted to study the sensitivity of the plant performance. It was found that taking a train out of service increased the effluent soluble COD while lowering the temperature or using less air had little impact on the effluent soluble COD.
Preparation of anti-zearalenone monoclonal antibodies and development of an indirect competitive ELISA for zearalenone

Zearalenone(ZEN) is a high toxic mycotoxin.How to detect ZEN from food and feed is important and challenging.Monoclonal antibody was prepared by means of immunization in mice with conjugates of ZEN and bovine serum albumin(BSA),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ZEN based on monoclonal antibodies was developed.Four hybridoma cell strains secreting anti-zearalenone monoclonal antibodies were cloned.The subclasses of the monoclonal antibody were characterized as Ig G1 for three and Ig G2b for one.One of the cell strains 2C9 was used to prepare ascites for its high bioactivity.The titer of purified ascites was 1/40 000.The indirect-competitive ELISA was developed with good specificity for ZEN,the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) is 1.90 ng/mL,the de-tection limit is 0.051 ng/mL,and the detection range is 0.115-13.9 ng/mL.The recovery rate could get to 96.5%-113% while the sample containing ZEN 1.46-93.8 μg/kg.The method for detection was de-veloped,which could be applied to detect ZEN from a variety of grain and feed samples.
Physiological Studies on the Fructification of Peanut : 1. Distribution of radioactive calcium administered to the fruiting zone in the fruiting organ

While many studies concerning the necessity of calcium in the fruiting medium have been investigated, the detailed distribution of calcium in the varied region of the fruiting organ is little understood. The purpose of the present investigation was to secure information on the distribution of calcium in the fruiting organ when calcium salt was added to the fruiting medium of the peanut plant. Chiba No. 74 (runner type) were grown in sand culture with the root and fruit zones isolated from each other as shown in Fig. 1. The plants in the root and fruit zones were grown with a complete nutrient solution, while radioactive calcium was applied only in the fruiting zone at the rate of l mc. per 20 pound sand. The experimental results were as follows: 1. The accumulation of Ca45 in the various parts of the fruiting organ was given in Fig. 3. The gynophore contained less Ca45 than the other parts at the harvest time Ca45 was greatly decreased in the shell enlarging period (20∼30 days after they entered sand), though it was a little increased at the mature season. The pod contained more Ca45 than the gynophore and the shell absorbed the greatest value of Ca45 at the shell enlarging period on the other hand the Ca45 counts of the seed were increased during the seed mature :period on account of the movemens of Ca45 fronl the shell. 2. The relationship between the deposition of Ca45 in the peanut and its anatomical structure was presented in Fig. 4. In the autoradiograph of the gynophore, the radioelement of the part entering sand tended to concentrate in the hypodermis and the endodermis, while that of the top did in the endodermis and the pith (Fig. 4. A. B. C.). Within the pod, Ca45 tended to concentrate in the tracheid and hypodermis parts of the shell, but in the xylem parenchyma part of the shell and the seed scarcely any Ca45 was found (Fig. 4 D.). A greater degree of the absorption and translocation of Ca45 in the shell was found in the basal region of it than in the terminal one.
Automated Rogue Behavior Detection for Android Applications

—There are a large number of third-party application markets that provide application download services for Android users. In order to improve users’ satisfaction, major application markets urgently need an automated solution to avoid some rogue behaviors that affect users’ experience, such as rogue advertisements that induce users to click, rogue pop-up boxes that cannot be closed normally, and rogue ﬂoating windows that affect users’ experience. To address such problems, we propose a rogue behavior detection framework. We use the object detection approach to identify advertisements in screen views, the random forest method to identify the pop-up views, and then combine image analysis, natural language processing and heuristic methods to detect rogue behaviors. The proposed framework can also record evidences of rogue behaviors in applications, so that application markets can ask developers to rectify. The experimental results show that the precision of rogue application detection reached 96.7% and the recall reached 90.1%.
Parental Time, Role Strain, and Children’s Fat Intake and Obesity-Related Outcomes

This study uses a unique dataset to examine parental influence on children’s dietary intake and whether or not the children will become obese. The study shows that household income, parents’ time spent with children, and parents’ work experiences significantly affect children’s energy and fat intake and obesity-related outcomes. For example, the more time mothers spent with their children, the lower the children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) was. On the other hand, the more time fathers spent with their children, the higher the children’s BMI was. And the more time both fathers and mothers spent with their children, the higher their children’s fat intake (as a percentage of energy) was. In general, mothers tended to have a greater effect on their children’s dietary intake than fathers did. Both parents seemed to influence children ages 9-11 more than they did children ages 13-15.
Using nano- and micro-particles of silver in lignin analysis

Although there are numerous techniques available to study lignin in its various states, they all have limitations and to extract most amount of information, a number of analytical techniques have to be jointly used. We have recently started applying a new approach to lignin analysis - namely using nano- and micro-particles of silver for study of native and residual lignins by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Silver particles were used for their unique electronic and optical properties (in this case, localized surface plasmon resonance). The SERS technique is highly sensitive and extremely selective. These attributes allow detection of small amount of lignin in presence of other constituents in a sample. For example, in wood and pulp samples, no signal from carbohydrates was detected and lignin was analyzed directly. Additionally, isolated milled-wood lignin was investigated with high sensitivity. This nano- and micro-particle based sensing could make a significant contribution to investigating lignin in difficult-to-analyze samples.
High Efficiency of Genetic Transformation of Rice Using Agrobacterium Mediated Procedure

Four japonica varieties and two indica varieties were used for the genetic transformation of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith et Townsend) Conn EHA101 harboring binary vector containing GUS gene and selectable marker gene of NPT Ⅱ and HPT . Calli derived from mature and immature embryos of rice were infected and cocultured with Agrobacterium at logarithmic phase. The highest transformation frequency was 55.1% (indica) and 85.2% (japonica) respectively according to the estimation of hygromycin resistant calli produced. The ratio of transgenic plants regenerated from the calli of indica and japonica varieties was 37.8% and 69.0% respectively. The putative transformed plants were confirmed by GUS assay, PCR analysis and Southern blotting. The segregation of foreign genes in T 1 progeny corresponded to the Mendelian ratio. This transformation procedure of rice will provide an efficient model for the transformation of monocots.
SELECTION OF THE ACID AND HEAT-RESISTANT PULLULANASE-PRODUCING STRAIN AND ITS FERMENTATION CONDITIONS

A strain producing pullulanase was isolated from soil and mutated by UV and EMS with the increase of pullulanase activity from 1.6 to 5.4 u/mL. The fermentation conditions and medium were studied and optimized. The enzyme activity can reach 8.8 u/mL under the optimal fermentation conditions and medium. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme are 4.6 and 75℃ respectively. It shows a high stabiliby during pH4.0～8.0 at 55℃.
Mechanism of Non-Photochemical Chlorophyll Fluorescence Quenching. II. Resolution of Rapidly Reversible Absorbance Changes at 530 Nm and Fluorescence Quenching by the Effects of Antimycin, Dibucaine and Cation Exchanger, A23187

The putative relationship between the light-induced absorbance increase at 530 nm (ΔA530), the so-called light-scattering change, and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) was examined by the effect of inhibitors. Antimycin at a low concentration (350 nM) completely inhibited fluorescence quenching while only partially inhibiting A530. This effect was independent of the mode of thylakoid energisation and preinduction of violaxanthin de-epoxidation. Dibucaine at 20 FM abolished NPQ but had little effect on ΔA530. Moreover, the light-induced ΔA530 signal was present even in the absence of de-epoxidised xanthophylls. The cation exchanger A23187 blocked the development of NPQ as well as relaxed fluorescence quenching at steady state without involving a major portion of ΔA530. Thus, the relationship between energy-dependent A530 changes and fluorescence quenching was non-linear under all conditions tested. The light-induced absorbance increase at 530 nm, therefore, is insufficient for NPQ. The differential effects of inhibitors are explained schematically, depicting three phases for NPQ: (a) formation of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin by the xanthophyll cycle; (b) formation of a state reflected by A530 that is induced by the transthylakoid ApH, possibly involving aggregation of LHCII; and (c) fluorescence quenching by the combined effect of both steps and by the H+-cation exchange properties of thylakoid membranes.
Effects of Graded Dietary L-arginine Supply on Organ Growth in Four Genetically Diverse Layer Lines during Rearing Period

Little information has been available about the influence of genetic background and dietary L-arginine (Arg) supply on organ growth of chickens. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of a graded ad libitum Arg supply providing 70, 100 and 200% of recommended Arg concentration on organ growth of female chickens from hatch to 18 weeks of age. The chickens derived from four layer lines of different phylogeny (white vs. brown) and laying performance (high vs. low). Based on residual feed and absolute body and organ weights recorded in six-week-intervals, feed consumption, changes of relative organ weights and allometric organ growth were compared between experimental groups. Surplus Arg caused higher feed intake than insufficient Arg (p<0.01) that induced growth depression in turn (p <0.05). During the entire trial chicken's heart, gizzard and liver decreased relatively to their body growth (p<0.001) and showed strong positive correlations among each other. On the contrary, proportions of pancreas and lymphoid organs increased until week 12 (p<0.001) and correlated positively among each other. Due to their opposite growth behaviour (p<0.001), internal organs were assigned to two separate groups. Furthermore, insufficient Arg induced larger proportions of bursa, gizzard and liver compared with a higher Arg supply (p<0.05). In contrast to less Arg containing diets, surplus Arg decreased relative spleen weights (p<0.01). The overall allometric evaluation of data indicated a precocious development of heart, liver, gizzard, pancreas and bursa independent of chicken's genetic and nutritional background. However, insufficient Arg retarded the maturation of spleen and thymus compared with an adequate Arg supply. In conclusion, the present results emphasised the essential function of Arg in layer performance, and indicated different sensitivities of internal organs rather to chicken's dietary Arg supply than to their genetic background.
Preparation of immunofluorescence double staining sample for laser confocal microscope

Objective To introduce the method of immunofluorescence double label for providing an ideal observation sample for laser scanning confocal microscope.MethodsRats were injected with Brdu intraperitoneally,and then fixed with perfusion of 40 g/L paraformaldehyde.The brain tissue of the rat was frozen and sliced in the frozen microtome.The slices was separately stained with polyclonal antibodies of anti-GFAP and monoclonal antibodies of anti-Brdu,and then,incubated with IgG labeled by FITC and Cy3 individually.A continuous layer scanning of the slices and image overlapping were performed under laser confocal microscope.ResultsRed fluorescence was dyed in the nucleus at the proliferative phase(S phase) and green fluorescence was shown in the cytoplasm of the astrocyte.ConclusionThere are many factors which will influence the result of immunofluorescence double staining.One of the most important factors is the arrangement and coordination in the pair of the first antibodies.
Service Intangibility, Cultural Factors, and Entry Mode Selection in Service Firms: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions

A considerable amount of research has focused on entry mode selection in international business and marketing academia, yet existing research has not explored the relationship among service intangibility, cultural factors, and entry mode selection. Accordingly, this study highlights how service intangibility needs to be seen from the perspectives of both service providers and service recipients and how cultural factors (cultural distance and host country culture) moderate the relationship between service intangibility and entry mode selection for international service firms. After a literature review, seven propositions are proposed and the authors question whether the foreign market entry mode selection differs significantly with the degree of service intangibility; whether the greater the cultural distance is, the greater the difference is in level of involvement during market entry between service firms embodied in different degrees of service intangibility; and whether the level of each host country’s culture characteristic that service firms face in the host market with the extent of service intangibility exhibits interactive effects on entry mode selection. The authors further discuss other possible sources that may affect the relationship between service intangibility and entry mode selection for future empirical testing, and some practical suggestions and academic directions are also
A new record of Bithynia troschelii (Paasch, 1842) (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae) from two temporary ponds in Warsaw (Poland)

Bithynia troschelii (Paasch), a species until recently regarded as a form of Bithynia leachii (Sheppard), was found in small artificial ponds in Skaryszewski Park in Warsaw in June 2014. The snail was abundant in two out of the five studied water bodies of the park. The two ponds were the only ones to become dry in winter. Snails of the genus Bithynia are able to survive periodic drying of water bodies.