Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new choristodere (Reptilia: Choristodera) from an Aptian–Albian coal deposit in China

Choristoderes are a small clade of freshwater aquatic reptiles known from deposits of Jurassic–Miocene age. They show their greatest diversity in the Early Cretaceous of Asia, with seven recorded genera including longirostrine and brevirostine taxa, long- and short-necked taxa, and representatives of both neochoristoderes and non-neochoristoderes. The latter, informal grouping, comprising Monjurosuchus, Philydrosaurus, Hyphalosaurus, Khurendukhosaurus and, probably, Shokawa, is distinguished by the closure of the lower temporal fenestra. This differentiates them from typically diapsid stem choristoderes like the Jurassic Euramerican Cteniogenys and from all neochoristoderes like Champsosaurus and Simoeodosaurus. The recent description of Coeruleodraco jurassicus from the Callovian/Oxfordian of China provided the first example of an Asian non-neochoristodere with an open lower temporal fenestra. Here, we describe a second, geologically younger, genus and species from the Shahai Formation of Badaohao locality in western Liaoning, considered to be Aptian–Albian in age. This adds an eighth choristodere genus to the Early Cretaceous Asian record. The new species shares the diapsid skull morphology of C. jurassicus, demonstrating that a lineage of small, brevirostrine choristoderes with fully diapsid skulls persisted in Asia until the latter part of the Early Cretaceous. https://zoobank.org:pub:2D0B390A-6291-4C29-A72A-4F6A507C608B
A Blended Artificial Intelligence Approach for Spectral Classification of Stars in Massive Astronomical Surveys

This paper analyzes and compares the sensitivity and suitability of several artificial intelligence techniques applied to the Morgan–Keenan (MK) system for the classification of stars. The MK system is based on a sequence of spectral prototypes that allows classifying stars according to their effective temperature and luminosity through the study of their optical stellar spectra. Here, we include the method description and the results achieved by the different intelligent models developed thus far in our ongoing stellar classification project: fuzzy knowledge-based systems, backpropagation, radial basis function (RBF) and Kohonen artificial neural networks. Since one of today’s major challenges in this area of astrophysics is the exploitation of large terrestrial and space databases, we propose a final hybrid system that integrates the best intelligent techniques, automatically collects the most important spectral features, and determines the spectral type and luminosity level of the stars according to the MK standard system. This hybrid approach truly emulates the behavior of human experts in this area, resulting in higher success rates than any of the individual implemented techniques. In the final classification system, the most suitable methods are selected for each individual spectrum, which implies a remarkable contribution to the automatic classification process.
The Sustainability of Plastic Nets in Agriculture

This review article contributes new knowledge relating to the sustainability of antihail, anti-insect, and windbreak plastic nets in agriculture. Based on the review, biobased plastic nets made from polyamino acids, polysaccharide derivatives (DS), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxylalkanoate (PHA), and polylactic acid (PLA) are shown to be highly biodegradable compared to conventional plastics such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride. The biodegradability of these materials is due to the use of natural precursors. However, nonbiodegradable plastics are the materials of choice in agricultural applications for the following reasons. Global commercial production of biobased plastics is low (~1%) due to the absence of facile and scalable production methods. Even though biobased materials are ecologically benign, they are limited in agricultural settings, given the low tensile strength and disruption of the activities of natural insect predators such as spiders. The enhancement of the material properties of biobased plastics involves a trade-off with sustainability. Chemical additives such as heavy metals and volatile compounds enhance the mechanical properties of biobased plastics but limit their sustainability. The current constraints on the production of biobased plastic nets can be resolved through electrospinning techniques that facilitate the development of plastic nets with controllable composition, porosity, and surface areas.
Life history bias in endophyte infection of the Antarctic rhodophyte, Iridaea cordata

Abstract Endophytic organisms are known to have varied effects on their host organism in terrestrial and marine environments. In previous studies on marine algae, these symbioses range from innocuous to pathogenic depending on the host and endophyte species. The present study further assessed a pathogenic relationship between filamentous algal endophytes and a red algal host from the western Antarctic Peninsula. We analyzed endophyte presence (appearance of filamentous thalli) in the three life history stages of Iridaea cordata and potential impacts on fertility in the fertilized female gametophytes (carposporophytes) and tetrasporophytes. We found that endophytes proliferate throughout significantly more thallus area in tetrasporophyte and unfertilized gametophyte hosts than in carposporophyte hosts, but there was no correlation between endophyte cover and fertility in these individuals. This study also provides a demographic analysis of I. cordata populations surrounding Palmer Station, Antarctica, showing that these populations are haploid dominated (∼78% of individuals). The differential presence of filamentous algal endophytes indicates that endophyte pathogenicity indirectly has greater effect on tetrasporophytes and unfertilized gametophytes than on the carposporophytes, which house the products of sexual recombination.
Backscatter Communication via Harvest-Then-Transmit Relaying

In backscatter communication (BackCom), the direct link between the tag and the reader is susceptible to the deep shadowing due to the obstruction between them. In this paper, we consider cooperative transmission to relay the tag information. The harvest-then-transmit (HTT) protocol is adopted in the relay, where the relay harvests energy in the first time slot and forwards the tag signal after decoding and re-encoding it. Our objective is to maximize the capacity performance subject to the relay residual energy constraint, the tag circuit energy constraint and the total time constraint by optimizing the power splitting factor and time slots. The resulting optimization problem is shown to be convex, however should be numerically evaluated for optimality. In order to gain more insight and avoid high computational complexity, closed-form expressions are derived for sub-optimal solutions. Simulation results confirm the near-optimal performance of sub-optimal solutions, which are shown to perform much better than traditional schemes.
Use of rheumatoid arthritis impact of disease (RAID) in routine care; identification of DAS28 remission and unmet patient-reported outcomes

Abstract Objective The aim was to assess how the patient-reported outcome RA impact of disease (RAID) relates to DAS28 categories in routine care, its utility in identifying patients in DAS28 remission (RDAS) or low disease activity (LDAS) and the burden of unmet patient-reported needs in those achieving RDAS/LDAS. Methods DAS28 and RAID scores were collected from patients with established RA attending for routine review. The relationship between RAID and DAS28 was assessed with univariate pairwise correlation and mixed-effects linear regression analyses. RAID <2 was defined as a patient-acceptable state. Results One hundred and ninety-eight patients were assessed, with 220 observations, using DAS28-CRP categories: 47.5% RDAS, 14.1% LDAS, 31.8% moderate DAS (MDAS) and 6.6% high DAS (HDAS). Both patient visual analog scale score and tender joint count exhibited a high statistical association with RAID using linear regression (P < 0.0001). The mean RAID score per DAS28-CRP category was RDAS 1.84, LDAS 4.78, MDAS 5.60 and HDAS 7.68, with a statistically significant increase in RAID per unit increase in DAS-CRP or DAS28-ESR on linear regression (P < 0.001). Of 66 patients with RAID <2, 64 (97%) were in RDAS and 65 (98.5%) in RDAS/LDAS. Of 134 patients in RDAS/LDAS, RAID was ≥2 in 69 (51.5%), with fatigue and sleep being the worst-scoring domains. Conclusion RAID functions well as a patient-reported outcome in routine care. Patients with RAID <2 have a high likelihood of being in RDAS/LDAS and, if pre-screened, could avoid a clinic visit. Analysis of RAID domains provides individualized targets for holistic care in RA management, with fatigue and sleep problems dominating unmet needs in those in RDAS/LDAS.
RecycleTrashNet: Strengthening Training Efficiency for Trash Classification via Composite Pooling

In this paper, we propose RecycleTrashNet to classify house trash based on deep neural networks. In our model, we use 3×3 filter in convolution layer instead of 7×7 filter, which is a smaller filter tends to learn more features. Since single max pooling or average pooling in pooling layer can’t achieve good performance, we present composite pooling to preserve as many image features as possible. Experiments on trash dataset from Stanford University demonstrate good performance of RecycleTrashNet over other neural network models in speed and accuracy. It can improve training efficiency, which achieves classification results with 88% test accuracy at only 80 epochs.
High Confidence Tracking with Offline Historical Learning and Online Correlation Filter Updating

Target tracking is one of the most challenging tasks in computer vision. In this paper, the high confidence tracking (HCT) algorithm is proposed by combining the offline historical learning network with online correlation filter updating model. First, the weighted historical targets are introduced into the offline learning network, which solves the problem of target loss caused by inaccurate tracking of the previous frame. Second, the target’s confidence detection mechanism is proposed, and added to the correlation filter tracking algorithm, so that the model drift is avoided. Finally, we form a new high confidence tracking algorithm with offline learning. Compared with the state-of-the-art tracking algorithm, our algorithm performs outstandingly on benchmark OTB13 and OTB15, while ensuring real-time performance.
Bedouin Arabic multiple opacity with indexed constraints in Parallel OT

Opaque interactions between phonological processes (Kiparsky 1973) can be a significant challenge to Optimality Theoretical accounts of phonology (Idsardi 2000, Bakovic 2011). McCarthy (2007) presents the case of multiple opacity in Bedouin Arabic that seems to require extrinsic process ordering (as provided by OT-CC, McCarthy 2007, and Serial Markedness Reduction, Jarosz 2014). It is a counterexample to the Stratal OT approach: one of the opaque processes in the interaction applies across words, which implies that it applies at the phrase level, and should be transparent according to Stratal OT. At the same time, McCarthy points out multiple opacity as a challenge to non-derivational approaches like Turbidity Theory (Goldrick 2001) or Coloured Containment (van Oostendorp 2008). I offer an account of this complex interaction in terms of a modified version of indexed constraint theory (Pater 2000): constraints are indexed to binary non-phonetic features on individual segments (Nazarov 2019, see also Becker 2009 and Round 2017). This account is compatible with Parallel OT and requires no extrinsic ordering between processes: the processes interact opaquely because of indexation. A restrictive (Richness-of-the-Base-proof) account of the opaque interaction is achieved by restricting how segments with particular indices may be realized.
Compact Hollow Waveguide Mid-Infrared Gas Sensor For Simultaneous Measurements of Ambient CO2 and Water Vapor

A compact, sensitive and stable hollow waveguide (HWG) mid-infrared gas sensor, based on gas absorption lines using wavelength modulation spectroscopy with a second harmonic (WMS-2ƒ) detection scheme, was developed for simultaneous measurements of ambient CO2 and water vapor. Optimization of the laser modulation parameters and pressure parameter in the HWG are performed to improve the strength of the WMS-2f signal and hence the detection limit, where 14.5-time for CO2 and 8.5-time for water vapor improvement in system detection limit is achieved compared to those working at 1atm. The stability of the sensor has been improved significantly by optimizing environmental disturbances, incoupling alignment of the HWG and laser scanning frequency. An Allan variance analysis shows detection limit of the developed sensor of ∼3 ppmv for CO2 and 0.018% for water vapor, which correspond to an absorbance of 2.4 × 10−5 and 2.7 × 10−5, with a stability time of 160 s, respectively. Ambient CO2 and water vapor measurement have been performed in two days in winter and spring separately. The measurement precision is further improved by applying a Kalman adaptive filter. The HWG gas sensor demonstrates the ability in environmental monitoring and the potential to be used in other areas, such as industrial production and biomedical diagnosis.
Transcriptional targets shared by estrogen receptor‐related receptors (ERRs) and estrogen receptor (ER) α, but not by ERβ

The physiological activities of estrogens are thought to be mediated by specific nuclear receptors, ERα and ERβ. However, certain tissues, such as the bone, that are highly responsive to estrogens only express a low level of these receptors. Starting from this apparent contradiction, we have evaluated the potentials of two related receptors ERRα and ERRβ to intervene in estrogen signaling. ERα, ERRα and ERRβ bind to and activate transcription through both the classical estrogen response element (ERE) and the SF‐1 response element (SFRE). In contrast, ERβ DNA‐binding and transcriptional activity is restricted to the ERE. Accordingly, the osteopontin gene promoter is stimulated through SFRE sequences, by ERRα as well as by ERα, but not by ERβ. Analysis of the cross‐talk within the ER/ERR subgroup of nuclear receptors thus revealed common targets but also functional differences between the two ERs.
Management of Descemet’s Membrane Detachment after Cataract Surgery—A Case Series

Descemet’s membrane detachment (DMD) is an uncommon, vision-threatening, ocular surface complication of cataract surgery. Among several treatment strategies, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) descemetopexy is the standard of care. Herein, we report three cases of DMD after cataract surgery managed with SF6 descemetopexy, showing different outcomes. Anatomical success was achieved in cases 1 and 2 while intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated in case 2. In case 3, despite SF6 descemetopexy, recurrent DMD was observed. Due to persistent corneal edema and possible corneal decompensation in case 3, Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty was performed and a clear graft was found at the final visit. In conclusion, descemetopexy with 20 % SF6 is an effective and safe procedure for repairing DMD in most cases. Pupillary block with elevated IOP is another concern and prophylactic peripheral iridectomy is recommended. For recurrent DMDs, repeat descemetopexy could be considered. However, close monitoring is advocated since secondary management, such as endothelial keratoplasty, may be required.
Halogen Bonding in New Dichloride-Cobalt(II) Complex with Iodo Substituted Chalcone Ligands

The synthesis and properties of new chalcone ligand 4I-L ((2E)-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-3-(4-iodophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one) and tetracoordinate Co(II) complex [Co(4I-L)2Cl2], (1a), are reported in this article. Upon recrystallization of 1a, the single crystals of [Co(4I-L)4Cl2]·2DMF·3Et2O (1b) were obtained and crystal structure was determined using X-ray diffraction. The non-covalent interactions in 1b were thoroughly analyzed and special attention was dedicated to interactions formed by the peripheral iodine substituents. The density functional theory (DFT), atoms in molecule (AIM) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) methods and electronic localization function (ELF) calculations were used to investigate halogen bond formed between the iodine functional groups and co-crystallized molecules of diethyl ether.
Live Performance and Immune Responses of Straight-Run Broilers: Influences of Zinc Source in Broiler Breeder Hen and Progeny Diets and Ambient Temperature During the Broiler Production Period

SUMMARY Supplemental zinc in broiler diets has been reported to be more available to the chick when provided as a zinc-amino acid complex rather than an inorganic source. Previous work with broiler breeder and turkey hens has indicated that supplementing diets with zinc-amino acid complexes enhances immune status and livability of progeny. This study examined the effects of supplemental dietary zinc source [ZnSO4 or Availa Zn 100 zinc-amino acid complex (ZnAA)] provided to broiler breeder hens and their progeny on live performance and immune status of broilers. Broiler breeder and progeny diets were supplemented with 160 and 140 ppm zinc, respectively. In addition to the dietary treatments, the broilers were subjected to either optimum or suboptimum temperatures during the first weeks of production. Supplementing broiler breeder hen and progeny diets with ZnAA and ZnAA + ZnSO4, respectively, improved cumulative feed conversion (FC) of broilers. Providing diets supplemented with ZnSO4 to hens or exposing broilers to optimum temperatures enhanced humoral immune response of progeny. Subjecting broilers to suboptimum brooding temperatures increased feed intake, but a higher incidence of mortality occurred primarily encompassing the first week of the growout. These data indicate that brooding temperature affected broiler performance, whereas the response to dietary zinc source was less pronounced.
The Genetic Diversity and Origin of Chinese Game Chicken

In order to reveal the genetic diversity and origin of Chinese game chicken, a total of 535 base pairs of mitochondrial cyt b gene of five game chicken breeds (40 individuals), including: Henan, Luxi, Tulufan, Xishuangbanna and Zhangzhou, were sequenced using a DNA sequencing method. The results showed that there were six haplotpes found in the five game chicken breeds. The haplotype diversity ranged from 0.42857 to 0.78571, and the nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.00080 to 0.00654. The greatest genetic difference was between the Zhangzhou game and other game chickens. The analysis of the phylogenetic trees for the chickens constructed based on their haplotypes, indicated that the Chinese game chicken may originate from several subspecies of red jungle fowl. In conclusion, the genetic diversity of Chinese game chicken is not rich, and the maternal origin of Chinese game chicken may be from several subspecies of red jungle fowl.
ArmMenu: command input on distant displays with proprioception based lateral arm movements

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present ArmMenu, a command input approach for distant displays. ArmMenu has a circular interface like pie menus and menu selection is performed by proprioception-based lateral arm movements. We implemented ArmMenu with an off-the-shelf body tracking device (Kinect) and conducted two experiments to validate its efficacy. In the first experiment, we explored the design space of ArmMenu by varying the number of menu items, with exposed or hidden menu modes. Users can operate up to 8-item menus with high selection accuracy (>98%). ArmMenu was fast and accurate even with the hidden menu mode. The second experiment compared the performance of ArmMenu and touchless marking menus. While having similar selection accuracy, ArmMenu was faster and more preferable by users. Our studies consequently demonstrate ArmMenu's effectiveness for command input on distant displays.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN TPACK (TECHNOLGICAL, PEDAGOGICAL, AND CONTENT, KNOWLEDGE) GURU BIOLOGI SMA DALAM MENYUSUN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MATERI SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH

<p>Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi bisa dijadikan salah satu cara untuk<strong> </strong>meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh seorang guru. Untuk bisa<strong> </strong>mewujudkan hal tersebut, seorang guru perlu memahami dan mimiliki kemampuan<strong> </strong><em>Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) </em>yang merupakan pengembangan<strong> </strong>dari <em>Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)</em>-nya Shulman (1986). TPACK merupakan pengetahuan untuk mengintegrasikan teknologi ke dalam pengajaran materi tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru biologi di SMA dalam aspek TPACK. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik <em>cluster</em> <em>sampling</em> . Sampel yang digunakan adalah 3 guru biologi di 3 sekolah (selanjutnya diberi kode B1, B2, dan B3) se – kecamatan gondang. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman materi / <em>Content</em> <em>knowledge</em> (CK) guru B1 sebesar 76%, B2 sebesar 80% dan B3 sebesar 72% dalam kategori baik. Skor pada pengetahuan <em>pedagogical knowledge </em>(PK) guru B1 sebesar 50%, B2 sebesar 45%, dan B3 sebesar 60%. Skor pada pengetahuan <em>technological knowledge</em> (TK) guru B1sebesar 48,5%, B2 sebesar 40%, dan B3 sebesar 40%. Skor pada aspek <em>Technological</em> <em>content</em> <em>knowledge</em> (TCK) guru B1 sebesar 60%, guru B2 60% dan guru B3 40%. Skor pada aspek <em>technological</em> <em>pedagogical</em> <em>knowledge</em> (TPK) guru B1 60%, B2 67%, dan B3 60%. Skor aspek <em>pedagogical</em> <em>conten</em> <em>knowledge</em> (PCK) guru B1 60%, guru B2 40%, dan B3 54%. Skor pengetahuan TPACK guru B1 47%, guru B2 47%, dan B3 60%. </p>
Production of Freshwater Invertebrate Populations in Lakes

This research draws together data on the secondary production of 164 invertebrate populations in 51 lakes to test the hypothesis that the annual production of aquatic invertebrate populations is significantly correlated with the mean annual population biomass, individual body mass, and ambient temperature. Further analyses examine the effects of water chemistry, trophic status, and lake morphometry. Mean annual biomass, individual body mass, and the mean annual water temperature accounted for 79% of the variance in the logarithm of annual secondary production. In contrast to the findings of previous studies, the ratio of mean annual production to mean annual biomass varied systematically with population biomass. No significant difference was found between the secondary production of littoral and open water invertebrate populations. Analyses also suggest that zoobenthic and zooplanktonic populations of similar biomass, body mass, and temperature have similar rates of secondary productivity. Analyses demons.
Strategic Study of Thermal Treatment of European Radioactive Wastes

Under Work Package 2 (WP2) of THERAMIN, strategic reviews of thermal treatment technologies and European radioactive waste streams for which thermal treatment could bring benefits have been undertaken. This paper presents the outcomes of an international review of inventory information concerning European wastes potentially suitable for thermal treatment, a review of thermal treatment technologies, and a strategic gap analysis to identify countries where there are significant waste arisings with potential benefits for thermal treatment, but little prospect of these countries developing thermal treatment facilities independently.