Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PD63-12 EXTRACAPSULAR EXTENSION ON NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLES DURING ROBOT-ASSISTED RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY PRECISELY LOCALIZED BY 3D AUTOMATIC AUGMENTED-REALITY RENDERING

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: RSP represents a secondary local treatment option with curative intent in men with rPCA. Even nowadays the majority of men with rPCA is treated conservatively due to anticipated surgery associated complications and suboptimal oncological outcome. It is the purpose to evaluate functional and oncological outcome in a large series of contemporary RSP performed in 3 tertiary referral centres. METHODS: 536 patients with biopsy proven rPCA underwent open retropubic RSP and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Median age was 67.5 (42-79) years and median PSA serum concentration prior to RSP was 4.93 (0,9-41,9) ng/ml. Uniand multivariate analysis were performed to identify risk factors associated with progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Perioperative complications were assessed to Clavien-Dindo classification. RESULTS: RSPs were performed by 4 surgeons only. IMRT ADT, LDRand HDR brachytherapy were performed in 66.4%, 26.7%, and 6.9%, resp. Following RSP 46.6% pts exhibited organ confined disease whereas 18.0%, 33.9% and 1.4% demonstrated pT3a, pT3b, and pT4 rPCA, resp. Lymph node metastases were identified in 31.2% and positive surgical margins were present in 27.2%. LNM correlated with increasing pT stage and were found in 9.2% of pT2 and 35.3% pf pT3b pts. Biochemical relapse-free survival was 58.2% for the total cohort and 76.4%, 70.8% and 62.1% for pts with pT2, pT3a, and pT3b rPCA. PFS for men with LNM was 22.5%. The median followup was 45.1 (4-105) months and OS was 89.2%. Presence of LNM with HR of 0.32 (95%CI 0.164-0.626; P<0.001), hormonal treatment HR of 0.274 (95%CI 0.117-0.640; p[0.003) and pT3b with HR 0.44 (95%CI 0.12-0.894, p[0.04) correlated with PFS. Grad III & IV complications developed in 16,8% of pts. None of the pts experienced grade V complications. Complete continence was achieved in 62.3% and 26.5% and 11.9% moderate (1-2 pads/day) or severe incontinence, resp. CONCLUSIONS: RSP for rPCA results in excellent PFS and OS for patients with pT2/pT3a pN0 disease in tertiary referral centres with high surgical expertise. Surgery associated morbidity is minimal and frequency of severe incontinence with the need for placement of an artificial urinary sphincter is low. RSP remains a relevant second line treatment with curative intent for rPCA and it needs to be considered more often.
Hybrid Online and Offline Reinforcement Learning for Tibetan Jiu Chess

In this study, hybrid state-action-reward-state-action (SARSAλ) and Q-learning algorithms are applied to different stages of an upper confidence bound applied to tree search for Tibetan Jiu chess. Q-learning is also used to update all the nodes on the search path when each game ends. A learning strategy that uses SARSAλ and Q-learning algorithms combining domain knowledge for a feedback function for layout and battle stages is proposed. An improved deep neural network based on ResNet18 is used for self-play training. Experimental results show that hybrid online and offline reinforcement learning with a deep neural network can improve the game program’s learning efficiency and understanding ability for Tibetan Jiu chess.
Genes and Biogeographers: Incorporating a Genetic Perspective into Biogeographical Research

Genetic variation has a dynamic spatial component that is of inherent interest to biogeographers who are deciphering the patterns and processes of species distributions. Despite some current practical limitations on using DNA research methods, the possibilities for future applications appear virtually unlimited. This kind of research is already providing many new insights into evolutionary lineages and the processes that have assembled plants and animals in particular places at particular times in Earth's history. To date, however, the role of humans in shaping those processes has not been as clearly addressed using genetic techniques, both in regards to indirect influences due to habitat alterations and to the direct changes caused by conscious decisions affecting domesticated species as well as by unintentional activities affecting weedy and other wild species of the world. Research efforts utilizing landscape ecology frameworks directed towards species, including those that are rare or have restricted distributions, appear likely to be especially useful for understanding past changes and predicting likely future shifts.
Estimating Willingness to Pay

Actual community-based health insurance (CBHI) premium payments often fall short of Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) estimates. This study examines the gap between the estimated premiums and actual payments for CBHI by analyzing data from 3,685 households in rural India. Descriptive statistics are used to analyze the gap between the estimated premium and actual payments. Heckman two-stage sample-selection model is applied to analyze the predictors of actual payment, subject to household enrolment in CBHI. The estimated premiums were 0.50–1.26% of per-capita gross domestic product (PCGDP). The actual payments were ~50% of the estimates. The gap resulted as households enrolled fewer family members than expected. Further analysis indicates that a quadratic function (to estimate expected enrollees from the household) combining with a fixed premium (expressed as a percentage of PCGDP) can better predict actual income. Heckman analysis indicates that focusing on greater awareness and financial literacy can lead to an increase in actual payments.
INDUCTION OF SYNCHRONOUS SECONDARY SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN CAMELLIA SINENSIS (L.) O. KUNTZE

Summary Nutritional effect of nitrate salts of potassium and ammonium, together with different concentrations of sulphate salts of aluminium, potassium, magnesium, and ammonium on secondary somatic embryogenesis, wereinvestigated. Nitrate salts of potassium (9.39 mmol/L) and ammonium (10.31 mmol/L) with only 1.5 mmol/L potassium sulphate produced maximum number of synchronous secondary embryos (i.e. 20-25 secondary embryos per primary embryo in 91.6 percnt; responsive explants). Of the different factorial combinations of glutamine, BAP, and IBA tested, maximum number of synchronous secondary embryos developed on a medium supplemented with 8.88 μmol/L BAP, 0.98 μmol/L IBA and 10 mmol/L glutamine. Synchronous and normal development of secondary embryos could thus be obtained when optimal concentrations of PGRs, glutamine, nitrates, and salts of potassium sulphate were combined together. Germination of the embryos (up to 52 percnt;) was acheived only when sulphate salts of potassium were removed from the medium.
Bi-clustering and classification-based detection for DDoS attacks

There are several Machine Learning (ML) techniques that have been adopted for detecting DDoS attacks, But the attacks still became a major threat. The various existing systems worked on supervised and unsupervised ML-based approaches. Various supervised ML approaches consider both labeled and unlabeled network traffic datasets to detect DDoS attacks. Whereas, unsupervised ML approaches depends on incoming network traffic data to the attacks. Both approaches analyses using large amount of network traffic data with very low accuracy and high false-positive rates. In this presented paper, we propose semi-supervised Machine Learning approach for DDoS detection based on various algorithms orderly, Entropy estimation, Bi-clustering approach, and Random Trees decision making algorithm. The unsupervised part allows removing the irrelevant traffic data for DDoS detection which allows decreasing false-positive rates and increases efficiency. Whereas, the supervised part allows us to reduce the false-positive rates from the unsupervised part and to accurately classify the DDoS traffic data. Various experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed approach using public NSL-KDD dataset. An accuracy of 98.66% is achieved for respectively NSL-KDD dataset, with respect to the false-positive rate of 0.31%.
Synthesis, Biological Activity and Decomposition Studies of Amino Acid Phosphomonoester Amidates of Acyclovir

Abstract Highly stable and water soluble amino acid phosphomonoester amidates of acyclovir (ACV) were synthesized and shown to function predominantly as prodrugs of AC V and not acyclovir monophosphate (AC V-MP) with activities within two fold of the amino acid prodrug of ACV, valaciclovir (VACV). Metabolism studies revealed that incubation of cell-free extracts of Vero cells with the L-leucine phosphomonoester amidate of ACV (3c), resulted in a burst of ACV-MP production followed by the rapid generation of ACV.
Whether it is worth Being Fond of Big Data?

The paper considers the analysis of the development of artificial intelligence systems. There were methods of analysis, comparison and deduction applied. Despite important achievements at the solution of some private tasks and big financing, the industry in general faces serious problems of development. Already in the nearest future the shortage of computing power will become serious restriction of deep machine learning. A review of literature showed that the commercialization of artificial intelligence and big data negatively affects the solution of fundamental problems in the industry development. The author shows that priorities of developers of systems of artificial intelligence are more and more displaced towards realization of simple consumer services while the solution of tasks, really important for all mankind, is not implemented. Dangers of misunderstanding by people of mechanisms of decisions development are revealed by intellectual computer systems. It is specified the signs allowing to assume possibility of global economic problems because of the developing pessimism of investors concerning prospects of the companies engaged in this field. The principal results of the study are recommended to specialists in the development of artificial intelligence systems as a part of a big data creation.
Composição química e mobilização de reservas em sementes de soja de alto e baixo vigor

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND RESERVE MOBILIZATION IN SOYBEAN SEEDS WITH HIGH AND LOW VIGOR The study of vigour effect on the initial stages of soybean seeds development is important, once it includes the period of crop establishment. Seeds with low vigour may result in reduction of emergence rate and dry matter production, which may affect the crop establishment. The aims of this study were to quantify chemical components and to evaluate the capacity of seed reserve mobilization in germination of soybean seeds with high and low vigour. Three cultivars, BRS 243RR, BRS 246RR and CD 219RR were studied. The characterization of seed vigour was performed by the accelerated aging test. To determine seed chemical composition, soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein were quantified; in addition alpha amylase isoenzyme activity was also evaluated. The capacity of seed reserve mobilization during germination was evaluated by seedling dry matter and length. According to the results of this study, high vigour soybean seeds exhibit higher content of soluble proteins, starch and soluble sugars. Besides, they showed higher capacity of seed reserve mobilization during germination, resulting in a better performance for seedlings development.
GROWTH RESPONSES TO SALINITY VARIATION IN FOUR ARCTIC ICE DIATOMS 1, 2

During spring, extensive blooms of microalgae grow on the underside of arctic sea ice. The brownish, algal layer penetrates ca. 2 cm into the bottom surface of the ice and the algae are potentially exposed to very high salinities. Four diatom species, Melosira juergensii Ag. , Porosira glacialis (Grun.) Jørg. , Navicula transitans var. derasa (Grun.) Cleve, and Coscinodiscus lacustris Grun. , isolated from, sea ice samples taken from the Beaufort and Chukchi seas near Barrow, Alaska, were grown at 11 salinities ranging from 5 to 70‰ at 5 C under constant illumination. All of the species grew at 5‰ except N. transitans whose lower growth limit was 15‰. Growth was high over a broad range of salinities, but none of the species grew at salinities above 60‰. These diatom species appear to be well suited to tolerate the salinities in the brine pockets near the bottom of annual arctic sea ice where they are found. High brine‐cell salinity, however, may limit the upward, penetration of ice algae into the bottom of sea ice.
Neurodegerative dementias involving aberrant protein aggregation

Recently, it was shown that inclusion bodies consisting of aberrant protein aggregation are a common pathological finding in neurodegenerative dementias. It is also believed that the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is involved in these aberrant aggregations. Because the UPS is related to the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through ER‐associated degradation (ERAD), we propose that the mechanism of neurodegeneration is as follows: (i) aberrant protein aggregation overloads the UPS; (ii) the disturbed UPS affects ERAD; (iii) disturbed ERAD impairs UPR; and (iv) prolonged UPR causes ER‐mediated apoptosis.
First Report of the Dinoflagellate Genus Effrenium in the East Sea of Korea: Morphological, Genetic, and Fatty Acid Characteristics

Most species in the family Symbiodiniaceae are symbiotic partners to invertebrate and protist hosts, but a few live freely in water columns. Here, a free-living dinoflagellate was isolated from the waters off the Dokdo Islands in the East Sea of Korea. Morphological and molecular analyses show this isolate belongs to Effrenium voratum. Prior to the present study, E. voratum had been reported to live in the waters in the temperate latitudes in the western North Pacific, the southwest Western Pacific, the eastern North Pacific, the eastern Atlantic, and the Mediterranean Sea. To our knowledge, this is the highest latitude in the western North Pacific, where E. voratum has been reported. This report extends the known range of this dinoflagellate to the temperate waters of the western North Pacific Ocean. The sequence of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) was identical to E. voratum found in Jeju Island, Korea, Tsushima Island, Japan, and Cook Strait, New Zealand, suggesting this species is cosmopolitan. However, it was different by 1 bp from those found in Blanes, Spain and Santa Barbara, USA. In the phylogenetic tree built on the basis of the LSU (D1-D2) rDNA region sequences, this dinoflagellate was clustered within a clade, including all the other E. voratum strains. Morphological characteristics were like those of strains found in the waters of Jeju Island. This is the first report conducted on the fatty acid profile of fully characterized E. voratum. Importantly, the isolate possessed a high ratio of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) relative to total lipid. This dinoflagellate could be a candidate for commercial applications, such as aquaculture feed and essential omega-3 PUFA productions.
Seasonal changes in nitrogen fractions of Pachysandra terminalis, a forest evergreen chamaephyte

Seasonal changes in several forms of nitrogen were investigated in the evergreen chamaephyte Pachysandra terminalis Sieb. et Zucc. growing in temperate evergreen coniferous forest. After plants sprouted new shoots, nitrogen accumulated largely as proteins in the leaves from summer to late autumn and, additionally, during a short spring period in the following year. Proteins accumulated in the overwintered leaves decreased markedly in summer, indicating that they were used for new shoot growth. A similar change was found in Fraction 1 protein. This is consistent with the seasonal changes in photosynthetic capacity and carboxylation efficiency observed in previous studies. The allocation of nitrogen to Fraction 1 protein increased in the spring, presumably to utilize better the relatively high light intensity at the forest floor before leaf expansion of the understory deciduous plants. In contrast to protein nitrogen, soluble nitrogen was present largely in stems and rhizomes. Aspargine was the major component of the amino acid pool in all organs throughout the year, especially in stems in summer. Since asparagine has the highest N:C ratio (2N:4C), an amino acid pool dominated by asparagine is economic in the use of carbon and advantageous for the carbon-limited environment of the forest understory.
Characterisation of Pectobacterium carotovorum causing soft rot on Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnierii in Malaysia

Soft rot disease can be found worldwide on fleshy storage tissues of fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. The soft rot Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) is an important pathogen of Kalanchoe spp. and other ornamental plants. The disease occurs on crops in the field, greenhouses and during transit, resulting great economic damages. The economic importance of crop loss by soft rot bacteria varies by severity of the disease and value of the crop. A destructive disease on Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnierii was observed in commercial ornamental plant greenhouses in Cameron highland and Melaka, Malaysia in 2011. Samples suspected to be infested with Pectobacterium spp. were brought to the laboratory. In pathogenicity test, a suspension of 106 CFU/ml of strains was able to cause soft rot on leaves and stems. A 434 bp banding pattern on 1% agarose gel was produced in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of pectate lyase encoding gene (Pel gene). PCR amplification of the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) (16S–23S rRNA) ITS region with G1 and L1 primers produced two main bands at about 540 and 570 bp. The ITS-PCR products were digested with RsaI restriction enzyme. For discrimination of the P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) from P. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum (Pco), all isolates subjected to α-methyl glucoside test. All isolates were identified as Pcc based on phenotypic and molecular methods. This is the first report of soft rot disease caused by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum on K. gastonis-bonnierii, in Malaysia.
Robust Target Detection and Estimation for Airborne STAP Radar with Arbitrary Array Errors and Target Uncertainty

In the presence of arbitrary array errors and angle mismatch, performance on target detection and angle estimation will be degraded due to steering vector mismatch. Thus, a robust target detection and estimation algorithm for airborne STAP radar is developed. First, utilizing the spatial-temporal coupling property of the ground clutter, array steering vectors are well estimated by fine Doppler localization of the mainlobe clutter. Then, the robust subspace detector spanned by these estimated array steering vectors is developed, which can improve the detection performance for the targets not located in the look direction. Finally, target angle estimation using subspace coefficients, which implements the ML estimator in a reduced-dimensional version, is presented to reduce the computational complexity of the ML estimator. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Days to Flowering and Plant Height in Two Near Isogenic Lines of Maize

The number of days from planting to flowering is a trait of interest to maize (Zea mays L.) breeders for its importance in selecting appropriate hybrid parents, and for its role in the utilization of unadapted germplasm. Using molecular marker technology, we were able to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling days to flowering and two correlated traits, plant height and total leaf number, in two near isogenic lines (NILs). NC264 and B73G are shorter, earlier versions of SC76 and B73 respectively, developed by introgressing Gaspe Flint and selecting for early flowering through repeated backcrosses. The NILs were screened for introgressed chromosomal regions with restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)
Response of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Pseudanabaena limnetica to a potential biological control agent, bacterium SG-3 (Lysobacter cf. brunescens)

Abstract A bacterium (SG-3) was reported by Walker and Higginbotham (2000) to lyse cells of filamentous planktonic species of cyanobacteria such as Anabaena, Oscillatoria and Lyngbya. We tested the efficacy of SG-3 in the laboratory to control Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, a species with the potential to produce toxins, and Pseudanabaena limnetica, a species that causes taste and odor problems in water. Both were susceptible to SG-3 concentrations of 1.5 × 107 PFU/mL (PFU = plaque forming units), which was consistent with the concentrations used by Walker and Higginbotham (2000). In tests with a range of SG-3 concentrations (15 to 1.5 × 107 PFU/mL), cell numbers of the Lake Yale and Lake Griffin (FL) isolates of C. raciborskii in relation to untreated controls were reduced by 89–99% at SG-3 concentrations of 1.5 × 105 PFU/mL. The Lake Griffin isolate was somewhat more sensitive to SG-3 than the Lake Yale isolate. The calculated EC50 and EC100 for the Lake Griffin strain were 1.2 × 103 PFU/mL and 3.3 × 105 PFU/mL, respectively; the calculated EC50 and EC100 for the Lake Yale strain were 6.2 × 103 PFU/mL and 1.2 ×106 PFU/mL, respectively. The efficacy of SG-3 was also tested in lake water, which was spiked with the Lake Yale isolate of C. raciborskii; cell counts were reduced from 83 to 95% at SG-3 concentrations of 7.5 × 106 PFU/mL and higher. SG-3 concentrations greater than those that significantly reduced new cell growth were required to kill the initial populations of the Lake Yale strain present prior to treatment. Pretreatment cell numbers of the C. raciborskii isolates were consistent with those recorded in heavily infested lakes. Therefore, SG-3 at the higher end of the concentration range can kill bloom populations; however, it can also be applied at lower concentrations to act as an algistat on the initial cell populations while preventing additional bloom development, an approach that would avoid potential environmental damage from the cell release of toxins or taste and odor compounds.
Potential of barley straw for high titer bioethanol production applying pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation at high solid loading

Abstract Barley straw (BS) is considered a good candidate for fuel-ethanol production due to its abundance and high carbohydrate content. Economic viability of the process requires ethanol titer in fermentation broth >4% (w/v) which is considered to be the benchmark for an efficient distillation. Mild alkaline pretreatment of BS resulted in 74% and 45% lignin and hemicellulose removal, respectively. Alkali treated barley straw (ATBS) was hydrolyzed at 15% (w/v) substrate concentration, using commercial cellulases (Cellic® CTec2). Highest glucose release was 91.19 g/L (hydrolysis yield 82%). Models based on first and second order cellulase deactivation kinetics satisfactory predicted the behavior of glucose release during enzymatic hydrolysis of ATBS, however the first order model appears to fit better. ATBS, at high solids loading (15% and 20% w/v), was converted to bioethanol applying pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF). Highest ethanol production was achieved after 16 h pre-hydrolysis. As substrate loading increased from 15% to 20%, ethanol concentration increased from 39.55 to 46.62 g/L. Mass balance of PSSF showed that the reduction of ethanol yield when solid loading increases could be attributed to the decrease in cellulose enzymatic conversion.