Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automating Creative Design 1. Logic-based Design

Design problems are inherently difficult to solve. Re-itman (Reitman, 1964) and Simon (Simon, 1973) them ill-structured and ill-defined, Rittel and Webber (Rittel and Webber, 1973) wicked problems. Due to the difficulties in tackling complex design problems, design automation has been limited to routine and detail design. Routine or detail design means to follow a specified schema with expected results. However, recently interest has shifted toward the automation of complex design tasks, in particular tasks which require creativity. By creative design we understand the development of new, unexpected features or solutions. Design is considered to be a search process with vast and complex search space. Creativity is needed if the search space is not well-defined and only a few heuristics are known for guiding the search. Unfortunately, very little is known about the human creative process. However, certain creative strategies can be distinguished. Moreover, two approaches, those drawing analogies and those employing probabilistic methods, have been implemented for automating design. An example for drawing analogies is case-based design (Navin-chandra, 1991) that uses analogies between the given task and design solutions stored in a database. An example for the probabilistic approach are genetic algorithms (Holland, 1975). Genetic algorithms model the evolution process of living organisms or certain aspects of it. While case-based design was developed specifically for tackling design problems, genetic methods were introduced by Bremermann and others to mesh computer science and evolution in the late 1950's and early 1960's. Genetic methods were rediscovered only recently for solving design problems. As opposed to case-based design, genetic methods can tackle design tasks for which no or little previous knowledge is available. This paper describes a third, logic-based approach emphasizing the cognitive character of the creative process. This new approach has the following distinctive features: ¯ Parameters, goals, constraints and solutions are represented as sentences of Horn logic with equality (cf. (Padawitz, 1988)). ¯ High-level programming is carried out in a functional language so that testing and verification is supported by a corresponding prototyping system like Expander (cf. (Padawitz, 1992a)), which tailored to evaluating the theory of functional and logic programs and their data types (cf. (Padawitz, 1992)). ¯ Creative solutions emerge not only by new search strategies, but also by redefining the search space and thus the data structures used. ¯ The specification method supports encapsulation, modular decomposition, hierarchical structuring and reusability. First-order logic has the advantage of being natural and easily …
Stochastic parameterized grammars: formalization, inference and modeling applications

The Stochastic Parameterized Grammar (SPG) forms a unifying framework for modeling systems of stochastic nature and dynamical structure. The modeling language is based on grammar-like collections of rewrite rules that define local interactions between objects or features and may involve creation or annihilation of objects. Local interactions may be either in the form of stochastic events or deterministic continuous dynamics. Such broad expressiveness makes the framework particularly suitable for applications in machine learning and multi-scale scientific modeling. This thesis introduces the SPG framework, its appropriate simulation methods and their computational cost. The problems of parameter learning and inference in SPG models are addressed by deriving exact and approximate sampling algorithms. As an application of SPG inference, the thesis includes an automated technique for inferring galaxy structure from images. The thesis concludes with two biological applications of the SPG framework: modeling root development and modeling the regeneration of neurons in the olfactory epithelium. The SPG model of the olfactory epithelium is a comprehensive spatial representation of the tissue that includes cellular level stochastic events and diffusion of signaling molecules. The model recapitulates the observed behavior of the tissue and provides interesting predictions about the dynamics of cell population.
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We propose a dynami fa ial expression re ognition framework based on dis rete hoi e models (DCM). We model the hoi e of a person who has to label a video sequen e representing a fa ial expression. The originality is based on the expli it modeling of ausal e e ts between the fa ial features and the re ognition of the expression. Three models are proposed. The rst assumes that only the last frame of the video triggers the hoi e of the expression. The se ond model is omposed of two parts. The rst part aptures the evaluation of the fa ial expression within ea h frame in the sequen e. The se ond part determines whi h frame triggers the hoi e. The third model is an extension of the se ond model. It assumes that the hoi e of the expression results from the average of expression per eptions within a group of frames. The models are estimated using videos from the Fa ial Expressions and Emotions Database (FEED). Labeling data on the videos has been obtained using an internet survey available at http://transp-or2.ep . h/videosurvey/. The predi tion apability of the models is studied in order to he k their validity. Finally the models are ross-validated using the estimation data.
The Facar Concept

The restorative procedures have an effect on the shape of occlusal surface. The greatest care is ensured in restoring the functional surfaces relative to the harmony of masticatory system. The use of different types of facebow, articulators in obtaining the static, dynamic contacts and synchronization with TMJ apparatus are always debatable. This article, the Facar concept evaluates and justifies the use of different types of facebow and articulators for the restorative procedures.
Income Disparities in Romanian Regions: the Role of Market Access

This paper looks at the link between wage disparities and market access for the Romanian counties. In first place, we derive an econometric specification which relates the income levels of a particular location with a weighted sum of the volume of economic activities of the surrounding locations (market access). Then, empirically, we estimate this econometric specification for a sample of 42 Romanian regions in the year 2006. The paper reports two main results: 1) market access is statistically significant and quantitatively important in explaining cross-county variation in Romanian wages, 2) incentives for human capital accumulation and innovation activities arising from market access size are also affecting the shaping of county wages in Romania. Finally some policy conclusions are also drawn.
Sato-Tate distributions

In this expository article we explore the relationship between Galois representations, motivic L-functions, Mumford-Tate groups, and Sato-Tate groups, and we give an explicit formulation of the Sato-Tate conjecture for abelian varieties as an equidistribution statement relative to the Sato-Tate group. We then discuss the classification of Sato-Tate groups of abelian varieties of dimension g <= 3 and compute some of the corresponding trace distributions. This article is based on a series of lectures presented at the 2016 Arizona Winter School held at the Southwest Center for Arithmetic Geometry.
SCALABLE INDEXING AND SEARCHING ON DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEMS

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I want to thank God for making this possible, for seeing me through to this stage of my life and the opportunity to successfully complete my thesis in graduate school. I want to thank my advisor, Dr. Ioan Raicu for the opportunity to be a member of his lab and work under him as my thesis advisor. I want to thank my committee members, Dr. Boris Glavic and Dr. Kevin Jin for taking their time to serve on my committee. I also want to thank my lab member, Shiva Kumar, who also contributed to the success of my thesis, as well as other students who contributed on various parts of early iterations of this work, namely
Regularity of the Optimal Stopping Problem for Levy Processes with Non-Degenerate Diffusions

The value function of an optimal stopping problem for a process with Lévy jumps is known to be a generalized solution of a variational inequality. Assuming the diffusion component of the process is nondegenerate and a mild assumption on the singularity of the Lévy measure, this paper shows that the value function of obstacle problems on an unbounded domain with infinite activity jumps is W 2,1 p,loc .
-penalized Quantile Regression in High-dimensional Sparse Models 1

We consider median regression and, more generally, a possibly infinite collection of quantile regressions in high-dimensional sparse models. In these models, the number of regressors p is very large, possibly larger than the sample size n, but only at most s regressors have a nonzero impact on each conditional quantile of the response variable, where s grows more slowly than n. Since ordinary quantile regression is not consistent in this case, we consider 1-penalized quantile regression ( 1-QR), which penalizes the 1-norm of regression coefficients, as well as the post-penalized QR estimator (post1QR), which applies ordinary QR to the model selected by 1-QR. First, we show that under general conditions 1-QR is consistent at the near-oracle rate √ s/n √ log(p ∨ n), uniformly in the compact set U ⊂ (0,1) of quantile indices. In deriving this result, we propose a partly pivotal, data-driven choice of the penalty level and show that it satisfies the requirements for achieving this rate. Second, we show that under similar conditions post1-QR is consistent at the near-oracle rate √ s/n √ log(p ∨ n), uniformly over U , even if the 1-QR-selected models miss some components of the true models, and the rate could be even closer to the oracle rate otherwise. Third, we characterize conditions under which 1-QR contains the true model as a submodel, and derive bounds on the dimension of the selected model, uniformly over U ; we also provide conditions under which hard-thresholding selects the minimal true model, uniformly over U .
Breeding system and the role of floral visitors in seed production of a ‘few-flowered’ perennial herb, Paeonia broteroi Boiss. & Reut. (Paeoniaceae)

AbstractThe breeding system and pollination ecology of Paeonia broteroi (Paeoniaceae), a self-compatible, perennial herb, which produces few flowers (one to eight) per season, are described in two populations in mountains of southern Spain. Experimentally self-pollinated flowers yielded a significantly lower seed set (6-18%) than cross-pollinated flowers (23-29%), but the latter did not differ in seed set from open-pollinated flowers (30-31%). Seeds obtained from self-pollinated flowers were significantly lighter then seeds obtained from open- and cross-pollinated flowers. Pollen and resource limitation, inbreeding depression, and allocation to sexual functions are discussed to explain seed set. The role of different floral visitors (including bees, beetles, and ants) on reproductive success was examined through exclusion experiments and efficiency tests. Only one species of bee (Andrena assimilis, Andrenidae) from the 25 insect species that were recorded during two study seasons seemed to be responsible .
7th Grade Students’ Mathematical Difficulties in Force and Motion Unit

Integration of science and mathematics as well as with other disciplines is overarching goal of science education. Although its importance, teachers have concerns about mathematical difficulties that their students encountered during their teaching. One of the most common subjects that students have mathematical difficulties was reported as physics. With this regard, the present study is aimed to investigate 7 th grade students’ mathematical errors in a physics unit, specifically force and motion unit. We collected data from 129 7 th grade middle school students which were chosen conveniently throughout an open-ended questionnaire. The findings revealed that the students encountered difficulties in ratio and proportion and conversion of units, topics as well as ordering numbers while answering the questions in this unit. Implication for science courses was discussed
EXOGENOUS ACTIVIN INCREASES THE PROPORTION OF INSULIN CELLS IN THE DEVELOPING CHICK PANCREAS IN CULTURE

As activin is believed to be a key signalling factor during early pancreatic development, its influence on the proliferation and/or determination of insulin cells in the developing chick dorsal pancreatic bud was investigated. Dorsal pancreatic buds of 5‐day‐old chick embryos were explanted on to Matrigel and cultured in serum‐free medium (Ham's F12.ITS), to which 1 or 10ng/ml activin was added. After 7 days in culture, the explants were processed for immunocytochemistry and the insulin‐positive cells were scored and expressed as a proportion of the sum of insulin and glucagon cells. When compared to the control cultures (Hams F12.ITS alone), activin treatment resulted in respective increases in the proportion of insulin cells of 1.6 and 1.9 fold. It is suggested that activin treatment favours differentiation of the insulin cell pathway relative to glucagon cells.
The safety assessment system of food quality in the domestics and overseas

From the history of system assessment,the development and situation of food safety assessment were summarized on the domestic and overseas,and the assessment methods and mathematics models were emphasized to the overseas.The food safety assessment system was founded in the end of the twentieth century,and its framed thought was based on the food risk analysis advocated by CAC.In the assessment system,many methods and mathematics models were established,but the fuzzy mathematics was mainly applied and the comprehensive assessment was focused on several foods in China.In overseas,such methods as biologically based dose response models,probabilistic approach,deterministic approach and relative potency factor approach were generally used,moreover,dietary risk assessments of exposure to chemicals and organisms were concernedly performed.To novel foods and foods derived from genetically modified organisms,the approach was referred to as the concept of substantial equivalence.
Laboratory Methods for High-throughput Genotyping Introduction

The genetics of complex diseases has been given a tremendous boost in recent years by the introduction of high-throughput laboratory methods that allow us to approach larger questions in larger populations and to cover the genome more comprehensively. The ability to determine genotypes of many individuals accurately and efficiently has allowed genetic studies that cover more of the variation within individual genes, instead of focusing only on one or a few coding variants, and to do so in study samples of reasonable power. Chip-based genotyping assays, combined with knowledge of the patterns of coinheritance of markers (linkage disequilibrium, LD) developed through the HapMap Project (http://www. hapmap.org), have stimulated genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of complex diseases. These are being encouraged and supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other groups, notably The Wellcome Trust. Recent successes of GWAS in identifying specific genes that affect risk for common diseases are dramatic illustrations of how improved technology can lead to scientific breakthroughs. Rapid developments in high-throughput sequencing may enable new kinds of studies. A key issue in high-throughput genotyping is to choose the appropriate technology for your goals and for the stage of your experiment, being cognizant of your sample numbers and resources. This chapter introduces some of the commonly used methods of high-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping for different stages of genetic studies and briefly reviews some of the high-throughput sequencing methods just coming into use. We will also note some recent developments in “next-generation” sequencing that will enable other kinds of studies. We cannot be comprehensive, and technology in this area is rapidly changing, so our comments should be taken as a starting point for further investigation. For simplicity, we will discuss three main types of studies: candidate genes, linkage studies and their follow-up, and GWAS and their follow-up. There are choices of genotyping technologies suited to each of these types of studies (Fig. 16.1). Throughput, cost per SNP genotype, and costs per sample can be very different for different technologies. Some technologies, which we call “serial,” allow testing of small to modest numbers of SNPs on many subjects in each reaction and are easy to customize. Others, called “parallel” methods, test up to a million SNPs on each subject at one time in fixed panels. The cost per SNP for a serial method is much larger than for a parallel method, but the cost per subject is much less. Howard J. Edenberg1 and Yunlong Liu2
Fault-tolerant Routing Scheme Based on Leach for Wireless Sensor Networks

Most routing protocols designed for wireless sensor networks used the unit disk graph model (UGD) to represent the physical layer. This model does not take into account fluctuations of the radio signal. Therefore, these protocols must be improved to be adapted to a non-ideal environment. In this paper, we used the lognormal shadowing (LNS) model to represent a non-ideal environment. In this model, the probability of successful reception is calculated according to the link quality. We evaluated LEACH’s performance with LNS model to illustrate the effects of radio signal. Unfortunately, our findings showed that the fluctuations of signal radio have a significant impact on protocol performance. Thereby, we proposed a Fault-Tolerant LEACH-based Routing scheme (FTLR scheme) to improve the performance of LEACH in a non-ideal environment. Simulation results proved that our contribution provides good performance over the ideal model in terms packet loss rate and energy consumption.
PENGARUH PADAT PENEBARAN BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBIHAN BENIH IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG DI BALAI BENIH IKAN KOTA GORONTALO

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh padat peneberan yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan lele sangkuriang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan, Eksperimen yang digunakan dalam pelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Selanjutnya dilakukan uji lanjut menggunakan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 99%. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pada setiap perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata. Pertumbuhan panjang dan berat tertinggi ditunjukkan pada perlakuan A sebesar 2.3 cm dan 1.66 g, disusul perlakuan B 2.0 cm dan 1.53 g, dan terendah pada perlakuan C sebesar 1.8 cm dan 1.36 g. Kelangsungan hidup benih ikan lele sangkuriang pada semua perlakuan selama penelitian sebesar 100%. Kata kunci : Benih, ikan lele sangkuriang, padat penebaran, pertumbuhan
A Fuzzy Analyzer of Emotional Expression in Music Performance and Body Motion

A real time algorithm is presented for analyzing the emotional expression in music performance and body motion. It is primarily intended to be used as a real time controller in an artistic human‐computer performance system. The analysis is done in three steps consisting of cue analysis, calibration, and fuzzy mapping. The cue analysis extracts tone parameters such as tempo, sound level and articulation from audio input or overall quantity of motion and vertical/horizontal motion from video input. The calibration step adjusts the system to a particular performer's expression in a semi‐automatic procedure. The fuzzy mapper translates the cue values to three emotion outputs: happiness, sadness, and anger. The mapping to emotions was modeled using qualitative data from previous research, thus no training using control data was necessary. The fuzzy analyzer has been used in several applications including the Expressiball for visualizing music performance and the collaborative game Ghost in the Cave using gestures and voice as the main player input.
Image processing based tracking system

Image processing based tracking systems equipped with powerful computing systems have gained vast applications nowadays. In this paper, an image processing based tracking system and its algorithms is described. In order to separate desired colored patterns or nodes from the background in color image processing, hardware type filters are usually used. Here a software based filter is investigated.
EVOLUTION OF INTERNET INFORMATION CONSUMPTION THROUGH BOOKMARKING

As internet usage has grown recently, it has become important in our lives and has affected the way that we act and think. Particularly, people today consume and produce large amounts of media on the internet and in ways very different from before. A common complaint about this change, however, is that we experience information overload, with status updates constantly coming in from social networks, such as Twitter or Facebook, in small bursts relating to minor events. Some claim that there’s a cost to this continuous flow of relatively unimportant information: we no longer pay attention to the big ideas or big movements in the world because we’re stuck in the minutia [3] [6]. For this project, we look at information consumption on the internet through social bookmarking usage over time to understand how people’s attention and behavior has changed with the internet. We examine the number and age of bookmarks to particular URLs to understand the properties of usage. We also present an extension to preferential attachment that attempts to account for the time-sensitive nature of bookmarks.
TREMOR AND GAIT SCREENING AND REHABILITATION SYSTEM FOR PATIENTS WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS

Parkinson’s disease is a severe neurodegenerative disorder, and “benefits” from the classical triad of motor symptoms: rigidity, akinesia and resting tremor. Tremor in Parkinson’s disease has several features: it can be first a benign symptom of Parkinson’s disease, its frequency can vary from low 4-5 Hz to high 8-10 Hz, can vary according to different circumstances, tremor may occur at rest, it can be seen in the hands, feet or other body parts. Parkinson's disease is a chronic disease with the need to adapt ongoing treatment in relation to a multitude of symptoms present. Each case has to be diagnosed and analyzed by a complex team (neurologist, family doctor, physiotherapist, psychologist) to initiate the most appropriate treatment and rehabilitation approaches. In this paper we present a proposed system for disease detection, screening and motor rehabilitation of Parkinson's patients for tremor symptom correction.