Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Digital Examination Vs Perineometry in Measuring the Pelvic Floor Muscles Strength of Young Continent Females

Introduction: Pelvic floor muscles in women play an important role in supporting the pelvic viscera, controlling voiding and defecation and helping in normal delivery. The pelvic floor muscles (PFM) may be exposed to alterations during different phases of a woman's life, such as pregnancy, the postpartum period, and physiological aging (menopause). Apart from incontinence, weak perineal muscles can give rise to many other pathologies including prolapse of pelvic organs. The evaluation of the PFM is important to provide prophylaxis and improve treatment of PFM dysfunctions. International Studies have supported the use of digital evaluation and pressure perineometry as simple, well-tolerated and minimally invasive methods that identify whether there is correct muscular recruitment and predicts PFM dysfunction. There is little literature available on PFM strength of females in Indian set up. This study is a genuine try to correlate digital evaluation with perineometry in measuring PFM strength in healthy young females. Objectives: The primary objective of the study is to correlate the per vaginal manual muscle testing (PVMMT) measured by digital examination to vaginal squeeze pressure (VSP) measured by perineometer in young continent females. The secondary objective is to see the difference in pelvic floor muscles strength between parous and nuliparous groups. Methodology: The females reporting to gynec OPD of V.S. General Hospital for routine checkup or for infertility were recruited. The inclusion criteria were: age range 20-40years, females without any pathology. Exclusion criteria: pregnant females, females with incontinence or other pathologies. Their pelvic floor muscles were assessed using PVMMT by digital examination and VSP by perineometer (PFX09122). The scores of PVMMT and perineometer were correlated. The difference of pelvic floor muscles strength in parous and nuliparous females was noted. Results: There was statistically significant strong positive correlation between PVMMT and VSP. The spearmann‟s correlation coefficient r = 0.887 and p < 0.0001. Mann whitney u test was applied to see the difference in pelvic floor muscles strength of parous and nuliparous females. u= 58.00, p = 0.0367 for VSP and u = 50.50 and p = 0.0144 for PVMMT. This shows that there is a significant difference in pelvic floor muscle strength of parous and nuliparous females. Conclusion: The PVMMT and VSP are positively correlated with each other. This adds to the reliability of PVMMT in Indian set up. The parous
Beginning therapy: clinical outcomes in brief treatments by psychiatric trainees

AIMS AND METHOD Psychotherapy provided by inexperienced psychiatric trainees was assessed through comparison of post-treatment outcomes with a brief psychodynamic therapy and a brief integrative psychotherapy. A retrospective case-control design was applied to all patients seen by nine senior house officers (SHOs) during 6-month placements who provided follow-up data. Matching linked each patient offered simple cognitive-analytic therapy to one who had received brief psychodynamic therapy from the same SHO. Post-treatment changes were analysed by treatment received and differences between trainees were explored. RESULTS Seventeen cases in each group met entry criteria. Patients receiving the integrative treatment had more severe pathology and outcomes were more variable when this model was used. Eight of the nine SHO therapists performed better with the psychodynamic intervention. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Significant clinical improvements can be achieved by inexperienced psychiatric trainees providing brief psychotherapy under supervision. Patient selection is undoubtedly important. Fundamental psychotherapy competencies need to be mastered before structured hybrid models are attempted.
Scenarios for collaborative architectures for monetizing broadcast archive clips

Broadcasters own huge assets in form of audio-visual archives or licensing rights for content from 3rd parties. A few public broadcasters grant free access to their consumer of their own produced content. Another trend is social media networks, where consumers are exchanging selected clips as form of digital goods on the Internet. Within the scope of this paper we especially focus on the investigation of this scenario, and research the business opportunities as well as the underlying potential digital platform for exchanging that can be utilized for exchanging digital clips and monetizing these as digital goods. However, the main focus will be on the presentation of the scenarios and the architecture to support the exchange of digital goods in a social media setting.
ABOUT THE TREATMENT OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

I read with a great interest the interpretation by Dr. Ozsoylu about our manuscript. He stated that stibosamine (Neostibosan) or meglumine antimonate (MA) in the dose of 20 mg/kg/d for 3 days, 30 mg/kg/d for 3 days, and 60 mg/kg/d for 2 weeks or the combination of MA followed by pentamidine isethionate in the dose of 2.5 mg/kg every other day for a total 15 doses has been successfully used in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and this treatment procedure is cheaper than liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) treatment in addition to the expensive treatments should be saved for resistant cases to conventional treatment. Pentavalent antimony (PA) has been used as the first-line drug in the treatment of VL for a long time [1, 2]. Recently, PA therapy of VL has been abandoned worldwide because the patients do not always respond to the treatment and the drug has toxic effects [3, 4]. Extensive research has been done about resistance of the drugs using in the treatment of VL in the North Bihar, an endemic region of India. Resistance rates of the treatment of VL with sodium antimony gluconate (Sb) were found to increase from 1981 to 1997 (30 and 64%, respectively) and the addition of IFN-γ improved the cure rates to 42 and 49%, depending on the increased doses of IFN-γ [5, 6]. Jha [7] suggested that pentamidine should be used as a first-line drug in patients refractory to Sb, and high cure rates were seen. But its efficacy has declined over the years and now it cures approximately 70% of patients with VL [8]. Clinical unresponsiveness could be overcome by increasing the dose or duration of therapy. However, serious and fatal toxicity associated with the current regimen are at the limits of accessibility and increasing the dose of Sb any further would seriously jeopardize the safety of the patients. Sb is no longer used as the first-line drug in areas with high resistance. Pentamidine and LAmB are the two alternative antileishmanial drugs. Pentamidine is unsuitable for use as a first-line therapy of VL because of its serious toxicities [9]. Das et al. [10] used sodium stibogluconate
Focused ultrasound-mediated drug delivery through the blood–brain barrier

Despite recent advances in blood–brain barrier (BBB) research, it remains a significant hurdle for the pharmaceutical treatment of brain diseases. Focused ultrasound (FUS) is one method to transiently increase permeability of the BBB to promote drug delivery to specific brain regions. An introduction to the BBB and a brief overview of the methods, which can be used to circumvent the BBB to promote drug delivery, is provided. In particular, we discuss the advantages and limitations of FUS technology and the efficacy of FUS-mediated drug delivery in models of disease. MRI for targeting and evaluating FUS treatments, combined with administration of microbubbles, allows for transient, reproducible BBB opening. The integration of a real-time acoustic feedback controller has improved treatment safety. Successful clinical translation of FUS has the potential to transform the treatment of brain disease worldwide without requiring the development of new pharmaceutical agents.
Melatonin for sleep disturbance in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: prospective observational naturalistic study

Background: Although melatonin is increasingly used for sleep disturbances in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, evidence on effective dose and impact on specific types of sleep disturbance is limited. Method: We assessed 45 children (35 males, mean age: 6.3 ± 1.7 years) with neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 29: intellectual disability; n = 9: autism spectrum disorder; n = 7: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and sleep disturbances, treated with melatonin (mean duration: 326 days) with doses increased according to response. Results: Thirty-eight percent of children responded to low (2.5–3 mg), 31% to medium (5–6 mg) and 9% to high doses (9–10 mg) of melatonin, with a significant increase in total hours of sleep/night, decreased sleep onset delay and decreased number of awakenings/night (all: p = 0.001), as measured with sleep diaries. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Melatonin is generally effective and safe in children with neurodevelopmental conditions. Increasing above 6 mg/night adds further benefit only in a small percentage of children.
Screening for mental disorders: performance of the Composite International Diagnostic – Screener (CID–S)

This paper introduces the Composite International Diagnostic – Screener (CID–S) for mental disorders, a 12‐item self‐report questionnaire that is based on core diagnostic questions from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for the assessment of DSM‐IV and ICD‐10 disorders (CIDI) for use in two‐stage epidemiological designs. Data are reported relating to the performance of the CID–S in a two‐stage study of a random sample of 1095 respondents, using a wide range of DSM‐IV/CIDI diagnoses (somatoform, anxiety, depressive, other affective, and substance‐use disorders). In the first stage, all subjects filled out the screening instrument. Seven to 30 days later trained clinical interviewers administered the computer‐assisted full CIDI. The CID–S had an overall sensitivity of 85.3% (range for specific diagnoses 74.7% for alcohol use disorders to 100% for panic disorders) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 92.0% (range 91.0%–100%) for any current (12‐month) diagnosis and similar values for lifetime disorders (80.7%, NPV: 85.1%). Likelihood for a DSM‐IV diagnosis increased steadily from 10.5% among screen negatives, to 24.9% among those endorsing one screening item to 100% among those endorsing more than eight of the screening items. The performance of the individual CID–S items overall was good, except for three disorders: agoraphobia, somatoform disorders and substance use disorders. Overall, the CID–S was found to be a time‐efficient diagnostic screening tool for most mental disorders (except for some somatoform and substance use disorders), when used in a two‐stage design with a two to 12 week interval between investigations. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers, Ltd.
Protein Electronics: Chemical Modulation of Contacts Control Energy Level Alignment in Gold-Azurin-Gold Junctions.

Making biomolecular electronics a reality will require control over charge transport across biomolecules. Here we show that chemical modulation of the coupling between one of the electronic contacts and the biomolecules in a solid-state junction allows controlling electron transport (ETp) across the junction. Employing the protein azurin (Az), we achieve such modulation as follows: Az is covalently bound by Au-S bonding to a lithographically prepared Au electrode (Au-Az). Au nanowires (AuNW) onto which linker molecules, with free carboxylic group, are bound via Au-S bonds serve as top electrode. Current-voltage plots of AuNW-linkerCOOH//Az-Au junctions have been shown earlier to exhibit step-like features, due to resonant tunneling through discrete Az energy levels. Forming an amide bond between the free carboxylic group of the AuNW-bound linker and Az yields AuNW-linkerCO-NH-Az-Au junctions. This Az-linker bond switches the ETp mechanism from resonant to off-resonant tunneling. By varying the extent of this amide bonding, the current-voltage dependence can be controlled between these two mechanisms, thus providing a platform for altering and controlling the ETp mechanism purely by chemical modification in a two-terminal device, i.e., without a gate electrode. Using results from conductance, including the energy barrier and electrode-molecule coupling parameters extracted from current-voltage fitting and normalized differential conductance analysis and from inelastic-electron-tunneling and photoelectron spectroscopies, we determine the Az frontier orbital energies, with respect to the Au Fermi level, for four junction configurations, differing only in electrode-protein coupling. Our approach and findings open the way to both qualitative and quantitative control of biomolecular electronic junctions.
Image analysis of digitized infrared images of the breasts from a first generation infrared imaging system

Infrared imaging, often called thermography in medicine, of the breasts has been shown to be of value in risk assessment, detection, diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. However, infrared imaging has not been widely accepted for a variety of reasons, including the lack of standardization of the subjective visual analysis method. The subjective nature of the standard analysis makes it difficult to achieve equivalent results with different equipment and different interpreters of the infrared patterns of the breasts. Therefore, this study was undertaken to develop more objective methods of analysis of infrared images of the breasts by creating objective semiquantitative and quantitative analysis of computer assisted image analysis determined mean temperatures of whole breasts and quadrants of the breasts. When using objective quantitative data on whole breasts (comparing differences in means of left and right breasts), semiquantitative data on quadrants of the breast (determining an index by summation of scores for each quadrant), or summation of quantitative data on quadrants of the breasts there was a decrease in the number of abnormal patterns (positives) in patients being screen for breast cancer and an increases in the number of true positives in the breast cancer patients. It is hoped that the decrease in positives in women being screened for breast cancer will translate into a decrease in the false positives but larger numbers of women with longer follow-up will be needed to clarify this. Also a much larger group of breast cancer patients will need to be studied in order to see if there is a true increase in the percentage of breast cancer patients presenting with abnormal infrared images of the breast with these objective image analysis methods.
MaskIt: privately releasing user context streams for personalized mobile applications

The rise of smartphones equipped with various sensors has enabled personalization of various applications based on user contexts extracted from sensor readings. At the same time it has raised serious concerns about the privacy of user contexts. In this paper, we present MASKIT, a technique to filter a user context stream that provably preserves privacy. The filtered context stream can be released to applications or be used to answer their queries. Privacy is defined with respect to a set of sensitive contexts specified by the user. MASKIT limits what adversaries can learn from the filtered stream about the user being in a sensitive context - even if the adversaries are powerful and have knowledge about the filtering system and temporal correlations in the context stream. At the heart of MASKIT is a privacy check deciding whether to release or suppress the current user context. We present two novel privacy checks and explain how to choose the one with the higher utility for a user. Our experiments on real smartphone context traces of 91 users demonstrate the high utility of MASKIT.
Evaluation of Antitumor and Antioxidant Potential of a Polyherbal Extract on Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma Xenografted Mice

Objective : Indigenous herbs alone or in combination are widely used in Indian system of medicine to treat innumerable ailments since time immemorial. Many strategies has been adopted to enhance anticarcinogenic responses and to establish therapeutic benefits. Poly herbal extracts (PHE), one of the emerging trends of modern medicine, where the assorted active principles work vibrantly to produce a maximum therapeutic activity with minimal toxicity by virtue of its additive, potentative, synergistic, agonistic or antagonistic effects. Though, Withania somnifera , Oroxylum indicum and Calotropis gigentia are independently established as potent antineoplastic agents, their antitumor and antioxidant perspective in combination is yet to be studied. The proposed study ascertains the assorted antineoplastic and antioxidant potential of the said potent herbs in PHE. Method : The antitumor potency of the PHE at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight was screened on Ehrlichâ€™s ascites carcinoma (EAC) xenografted swiss albino mice. The in-vivo anti-oxidant activity was investigated on the basis of hepatic anti-oxidant enzymesâ€™ levels. Result : The PHE at the aforementioned dose showed a restoring effect on altered hematological parameters ( *** P< 0.05 considered to be significant), down turn in ascitic tumor volume and increase in mean survival time. A significant improvement in biochemical parameters (Enzymic antioxidants) was too observed. Conclusion : The study epitomizes the PHE (400 mg/kg body weight) as a potent anti tumor and anti-oxidant preparation with synergistic effects on EAC bearing mice.
Usability evaluation with the cognitive walkthrough

The cognitive walkthrough is a technique for evaluating the design of a user interface, with speciaJ attention to how well the interface supports "exploratory learning," i.e., first-time use without formal training. The evaluation can be performed by the system's designers in the e,arly stages of design, before empirical user testing is possible. Early versions of the walkthrough method relied on a detailed series of questions, to be answered on paper or electronic forms. This tutorial presents a simpler method, founded in an understanding of the cognitive theory that describes a user's interactions with a system. The tutorial refines the method on the basis of recent empirical and theoretical studies of exploratory learning with display-based interfaces. The strengths and limitations of the walkthrough method are considered, and it is placed into the context of a more complete design approach.
Low vs. high-fidelity prototyping debate

An ongoing controversy exists in the prototyping community about how closely in form and function a user-interface prototype should represent the final product. This dispute is referred to as the " Low-versus High-Fidelity Prototyping Debate. '' In this article, we discuss arguments for and against low-and high-fidelity prototypes , guidelines for the use of rapid user-interface proto-typing, and the implications for user-interface designers.
Combining in vivo reflectance with fluorescence confocal microscopy provides additive information on skin morphology.

BACKGROUND Within the last decade, confocal microscopy has become a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool in imaging human skin in vivo. Of the two different methods that exist, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) displays the backscattering signal of naturally occurring skin components, whereas fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) provides contrast by using an exogenously applied fluorescent dye. METHODOLOGY A newly developed multilaser device, in which both techniques are implemented, has been used to combine both methods and allows to highlight different information in one image. In our study, we applied the fluorophore sodium fluorescein (SFL) intradermally on forearm skin of 10 healthy volunteers followed by fluorescence and reflectance imaging. RESULTS In fluorescence mode the intercellular distribution of SFL clearly outlines every single cell in the epidermis, whereas in reflectance mode keratin and melanin-rich cells and structures provide additional information. The combination of both methods enables a clear delineation between the cell border, the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Imaging immediately, 20, 40 and 60 minutes after SFL injection, represents the dynamic distribution pattern of the dye. CONCLUSION The synergism of RCM and FCM in one device delivering accurate information on skin architecture and pigmentation will have a great impact on in vivo diagnosis of human skin in the future.
Metabrain: web information extraction and visualization

Nowadays, a hitherto unseen amount of information can be found in the World Wide Web. While available, this information is fragmented among different web sites. This is especially true for implicit knowledge, not directly written in any one site, but arising from patterns and interactions between pages. For instance, the number of search results for a particular query string might be a meaningful indicator of its popularity or overall interest. Our research focuses on the design of an interface that allows end-users to access implicit information. A prototype application, Metabrain, embodies our solutions and makes it possible to mine the web for statistically relevant patterns, with the help of simple and straightforward algorithms and user interface. To help the users make sense of that information, Metabrain then allows custom visualizations to be crafted. User studies show that users can search for relevant information up to four times faster than using traditional Web search engines alone. A system usability scale questionnaire confirms the interface is usable and effective.
Motivations for accessing social networking services on mobile devices

Accessing social networking services is one key user activity on mobile devices. To characterize this experience, we conduct a user study with active users of mobile social networking services in South Korea. In the study, we interviewed 12 users and asked them to keep a diary for a week. The study shows awareness, social connection, and diversion as the key motivations for mobile access to social networking services. The users seldom resort to these services to fulfill curiosity about arbitrary questions or to seek information for productivity purposes, which they do with other mobile Internet services. The study reveals cross-medium alerts as a common trigger for mobile social networking sessions. We discuss implications of this user study for future work to promote mobile access to social networking services.
Graph pattern matching revised for social network analysis

Graph pattern matching is fundamental to social network analysis. Traditional techniques are subgraph isomorphism and graph simulation. However, these notions often impose too strong a topological constraint on graphs to find meaningful matches. Worse still, graphs in the real world are typically large, with millions of nodes and billions of edges. It is often prohibitively expensive to compute matches in such graphs. With these comes the need for revising the notions of graph pattern matching and for developing techniques of querying large graphs, to effectively and efficiently identify social communities or groups. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent advances in the study of graph pattern matching in social networks. (1) We present several revisions of the traditional notions of graph pattern matching to find sensible matches in social networks. (2) We provide boundedness analyses of incremental graph pattern matching, in response to frequent updates to social networks. (3) To cope with large real-life graphs, we propose a framework of query preserving graph compression, which retains only information necessary for answering a certain class of queries of users' choice. (4) We also address pattern matching in distributed graphs, and in particular, advocate the use of partial evaluation techniques. Finally, we identify directions for future research.