Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
16-QAM Hierarchical Modulation Optimization in Relay Cooperative Networks

16-QAM Hierarchical Modulation Optimization in Relay Cooperative Networks Sara Sallam Recently, the concept of cooperative networks has attracted special attention in the field of wireless communications. This is due to their ability in achieving diversity with no extra hardware cost. The main drawback that characterizes cooperative networks is that they require extra transmission time slots compared to the traditional non-cooperative networks. Several strategies have been proposed in order to mitigate this disadvantage. One of the most recently adopted techniques is the use of hierarchical modulation. Hierarchical modulation was originally used in Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) applications. Lately, it has been applied in cooperative networks for its ability to transmit relative high data rate with acceptable performance. In this thesis, the application of a 4/16 QAM hierarchical modulation in cooperative networks is examined. This study focuses on a downlink cellular network scenario, composed of a Base Station, a Relay and two destinations. The Base Station intends to transmit two different streams of data to these two destinations by concatenating the two streams and broadcasting the resulting sequence using a non-uniform 4/16 QAM hierarchical modulation. Unlike previous work, the main contribution in this thesis is the optimization of the 16QAM constellation’s parameters according to each user’s channel condition. In other words, this method gives each user’s data the priority it needs in order to be detected as correctly as possible at the destination. Explicit closed form expressions of Hierarchical modulation Bit Error Rate in relay cooperative networks are derived. These BER expressions are used in order to select the constellation’s parameters that will achieve total minimum BER in coded and un-coded schemes. Results prove that the proposed method achieve noticeable improvement in both users performance compared to the use of uniform 16QAM constellation.
Men’s and women’s implicit negativity towards obese fashion models

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to investigate whether women’s relatively positive response to obese models is the result of social desirability bias on the part of women rather than deep seated attitudes. 60 university students in Sweden underwent an Implicit Associations Test (IAT) to reveal attitudes towards obese models that the participants were not able or willing to openly express. The study shows that even though women express significantly more positive attitudes towards obese models than men do, women and men display similar implicit negativity towards obese models. The study replicates a previously shown explicit gender effect, but also extends theory on gender preferences towards models of different sizes and body types by introducing measurements of implicit attitudes. Finally, the paper provides a possible explanation for why the fashion industry largely refrains from using obese models even though women express relatively positive attitudes towards them.
Benchmarks for a New Era in Quantitative S/TEM: Resolution, Sensitivity and Precision

Recent advances in scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) achieved by the TEAM Project have established new benchmarks in quantitative microscopy for spatial resolution (50 pm), sensitivity (single atom detection of light and heavy elements), and measurement precision (better than 5 pm). The achievements of the TEAM Project have been enabled by new technological developments, many of which have been incorporated into the second generation Titan G2 platform, leading to results such as the exit wave reconstruction of graphene seen on the cover of this Supplement.
TM‐HOL: Topic memory model for detection of hate speech and offensive language

In the era of the explosion of digital content of large‐scale self‐media, user‐friendly social platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, provide opportunities for people to express their ideas and opinions freely. Due to lack of restrictions, hateful speech and its exposure can have profound psychological impacts on society. Current social networking platform is over‐reliant on the manual check, and it is labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. Although there are many machines learning methods for the detection of hate speech, short text with character limit on social platforms is more challenging for the detection of hate speech and offensive language. To address the problem of data sparsity, we have proposed a topic memory model for hate speech and offensive language detection (abbreviated as TM‐HOL). Potential topics are generated with our encoder and decoder to enrich short text features. Two memory matrices correspond to the topic words and the text, and the hate feature matrix is used to learn the syntactic features. It is demonstrated that our proposed method is effective on three datasets, performing better weighted‐F1.
Periodic Event-Triggered Control for a Class of Nonminimum-Phase Nonlinear Systems Using Dynamic Triggering Mechanism

In this paper, the output feedback based periodic event-triggered control problem is considered for a class of nonminimum-phase nonlinear systems via dynamic event-triggering mechanism. When only the sampled-data output is known, a new periodic event-triggered control method is proposed via output feedback and the control input updates based on a discrete-time dynamic event-triggering condition. Despite the unstable zero dynamics, the proposed control method can asymptotically stabilize the hybrid control systems by closing the loop only when it is necessary. In contrast to the continuous-time static one, the proposed dynamic triggering condition has several advantages including the easier digital implementation and the larger average inter-event time interval. The delicate analysis gives the explicit expression of the maximum allowable sampling period, and the global asymptotic stability can be achieved for the hybrid control systems. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed periodic event-triggered control method is verified by a numerical simulation.
Dynamic Evolution Law of Overburden Rock in Shallow-Buried Super-High Fully Mechanized Working Face and Determination of Support Strength

The objective of this study was to reveal the law of overburden movement and stress evolution during the mining of super-high fully mechanized mining faces. Based on the 12401 fully mechanized mining face of Shangwan Coal Mine in Shendong, this study conducted research and analysis using the methods of similarity simulation experiment, numerical simulation, and field measurement. The results showed that the maximum and minimum principal stresses in the coal seam in front of the working face are concentrated with the advance of the working face. The degree of stress concentration increases with the increase in the advancing range, and the concentration degree of the maximum principal stress and the change gradient is greater than that of the minimum principal stress. But the range of the peak lead coal wall is lower than that of the minimum principal stress of the peak lead coal wall. The phenomenon of stress recovery exists in the goaf. With the increase in the advancing range of the working face, the degree of stress recovery gradually increases, and the degree of maximum principal stress recovery is higher than that of the minimum principal stress recovery. The large fractures observed near the working face are closely related to the underground pressure, relatively large fractures appear on the surface, and the fractures become narrower near the two pathways. Only caving and fissure zones exist in the thin bedrock overburden, and the bending subsidence zone changes with the bedrock thickness. The support strength of the hydraulic support should not be less than 1.47 MPa. This research on the overburden movement and stress evolution law of a super-high fully mechanized mining face can provide theoretical guidance for the exploitation and utilization of extrathick coal seam resources. It has broad engineering prospects.
Nursing procedures for advanced dementia: Traditional techniques versus autonomous robotic applications (Review)

The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of traditional nursing techniques and autonomous robotic applications used for managing patients with advanced stages of dementia. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and WILEY databases were searched for relevant articles concerning nursing techniques applied in the treatment of patients with advanced dementia. The search terms included: (advanced dementia OR severe dementia) AND [artificial intelligence (AI) OR robotic OR robots OR neural networks OR deep learning OR automated procedures OR autonomous application]. This search identified a total of 2,679 articles and 298 articles were selected. Finally, 23 articles were included in this systematic review, out of which 8 studies analyzed traditional nursing techniques and 15 studies analyzed autonomous robotic applications. Significant evidence was revealed, demonstrating that autonomous robotic applications used for patients with advanced stages of dementia are a feasible, cost-efficient solution and represent an excellent benefit for patients and the healthcare system.
Septicemic Melioidosis Detection Using Support Vector Machine with Five Immune Cell Types

Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei), predominantly occurs in the tropical regions. Of various types of melioidosis, septicemic melioidosis is the most lethal one with a mortality rate of 40%. Early detection of the disease is paramount for the better chances of cure. In this study, we developed a novel approach for septicemic melioidosis detection, using a machine learning technique—support vector machine (SVM). Several SVM models were built, and 19 features characterized by the corresponding immune cell types were generated by Cell type Identification Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT). Using these features, we trained a binomial SVM model on the training set and evaluated it on the independent testing set. Our findings indicated that this model performed well with means of sensitivity and specificity up to 0.962 and 0.979, respectively. Meanwhile, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis gave area under curves (AUCs) ranging from 0.952 to 1.000. Furthermore, we found that a concise SVM model, built upon a combination of CD8+ T cells, resting CD4+ memory T cells, monocytes, M2 macrophages, and activated mast cells, worked perfectly on the detection of septicemic melioidosis. Our data showed that its mean of sensitivity was up to 0.976 while that of specificity up to 0.993. In addition, the ROC curve analysis gave AUC close to 1.000. Taken together, this SVM model is a robust classification tool and may serve as a complementary diagnostic technique to septicemic melioidosis.
Accuracy of the Gamma Re-Theta Transition Model for Simulating the DU-91-W2-250 Airfoil at High Reynolds Numbers

Accurate computation of the performance of a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) using Blade Element Momentum (BEM) based codes requires good quality aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. This paper shows a numerical investigation of transitional flow over the DU 91-W2-250 airfoil with chord-based Reynolds number ranging from 3 × 106 to 6 × 106. The primary goal of the present paper is to validate the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) approach together with the four-equation transition SST turbulence model with experimental data from a wind tunnel. The main computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code used in this work was ANSYS Fluent. For comparison, two more CFD codes with the Transition SST model were used: FLOWer and STAR-CCM +. The obtained airfoil characteristics were also compared with the results of fully turbulent models published in other works. The XFOIL approach was also used in this work for comparison. The aerodynamic force coefficients obtained with the Transition SST model implemented in different CFD codes do not differ significantly from each other despite the different mesh distributions used. The drag coefficients obtained with fully turbulent models are too high. With the lowest Reynolds numbers analyzed in this work, the error in estimating the location of the transition was significant. This error decreases as the Reynolds number increases. The applicability of the uncalibrated transition SST approach for a two-dimensional thick airfoil is up to the critical angle of attack.
Predictive Analysis on Maintenance of Mining Dump Truck

Collected a large number of data from 2003to 2011 of maintenance cost for mining dump truck, established the mathematical models of maintenance cost and forecast of economic life of mining dump truck through the method of mathematical statistics regression analysis, found the rule of operation, maintenance cost overhaul and renew, forecasted the economic life of mining dump truck scientifically for 11 years, according to the economic principle of overhaul , judged whether need third overhaul and provided a basis for evaluating the economic life of domestic mine use electric wheel trucks.
Photometric measurement for LED roadway lighting at Kuala Lumpur – Karak Expressway

This paper presents the measurement of photometric measurements of LED lighting at Kuala Lumpur - Karak Expressway. The aim of this paper is to comply the photometric quantities of LED roadway lighting with International Commission on Illumination (CIE) standard and Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia (LLM) requirement. This paper has focused on testing procedure for photometric measurement for LED roadway lighting. The DIALux software is used for lux calculation which in turn will assist in all the photometric calculations. It has been proved that the results were complied with CIE standard and LLM requirement.
What Factors Affect the RMB Carry Trade Return for Sustainability? An Empirical Analysis by Using an ARDL Model

With the internationalization of RMB and the openness of China’s capital account, the amount of foreign institutions investing in China has increased significantly. Based on China’s daily data from January 2007 to September 2021, this study investigated the factors that affect the RMB carry-trade return for sustainability. By comparing the results of the carry return before and after the foreign-exchange reform on 11 August 2015, this study found that the RMB carry return has become more traceable after the exchange-rate reform. Meanwhile, the model fitting degree of explaining the RMB carry return was higher, and there were fewer missing variables. Therefore, this study found that after the RMB-exchange-rate mechanism became more market oriented, the RMB carry return became more reasonable, and the carry trade can play a better role in foreign-exchange pricing. Meanwhile, after using the RMB non-deliverable forwards (NDF) to construct a carry-trade position to perform the robustness test, such results were consistent. With different results before and after the exchange-rate reform, this study can provide references for policy makers and investors for sustainable development.
Development of a Model-Informed Dosing Tool to Optimise Initial Antibiotic Dosing—A Translational Example for Intensive Care Units

The prevalence and mortality rates of severe infections are high in intensive care units (ICUs). At the same time, the high pharmacokinetic variability observed in ICU patients increases the risk of inadequate antibiotic drug exposure. Therefore, dosing tailored to specific patient characteristics has a high potential to improve outcomes in this vulnerable patient population. This study aimed to develop a tabular dosing decision tool for initial therapy of meropenem integrating hospital-specific, thus far unexploited pathogen susceptibility information. An appropriate meropenem pharmacokinetic model was selected from the literature and evaluated using clinical data. Probability of target attainment (PTA) analysis was conducted for clinically interesting dosing regimens. To inform dosing prior to pathogen identification, the local pathogen-independent mean fraction of response (LPIFR) was calculated based on the observed minimum inhibitory concentrations distribution in the hospital. A simple, tabular, model-informed dosing decision tool was developed for initial meropenem therapy. Dosing recommendations achieving PTA > 90% or LPIFR > 90% for patients with different creatinine clearances were integrated. Based on the experiences during the development process, a generalised workflow for the development of tabular dosing decision tools was derived. The proposed workflow can support the development of model-informed dosing tools for initial therapy of various drugs and hospital-specific conditions.
The Impact of Uncertainty on Pedestrians' Decision to Start Roadway Crossing during the Clearance Phase

Clearance phase at signalized crosswalks is an important parameter of pedestrians’ safety because it helps them to complete the crossing before the green signal for vehicles. However, there is the issue of pedestrian decision as to whether to cross if they arrive at the crosswalk during the clearance phase, which represents a violation in many countries. Due to the proof that pedestrian violations multiply the risk of traffic accidents, in this study, the tendency of pedestrians to commit violations during the clearance time has been researched. With the aim of proposing the design of the pedestrian traffic lights, which could decrease the frequency of pedestrian violations, the comparison of pedestrians behaviour at crosswalks with and without a countdown timer during the clearance time was made, based on the data collected in the video recording. Chi square independency test showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the behaviour of pedestrians during the clearance time, depending on the existence of the timer, as well as the fact that pedestrians behave in a safer manner if there is no clearance time shown on the timer. The total delay rate on the roadway during the red signal, which was the consequence of starting the crossing during the clearance time or subsequent violations, was 1.3 times higher at the crosswalks with the countdown timer. This research was unique because for the first time, two-phase pedestrian crossings on the roadway with the median refuge island in the sense of clearance time were analysed, in spite of the previous proof that pedestrians are more likely to commit violations during the red signal in that kind of roadway. Another novelty in the research was pedestrians following till the end of crossing, due to the possibility of subsequent violations. With the means of binary logistic regression, different factors which affect pedestrians’ behaviour during the clearance time have been determined and they differ depending on the existence of the timer. At the pedestrian crosswalks with the timer, contributing factors have been determined, such as gender, the number of waiting pedestrians, distractions, arrival time, and age. If there is no timer, the contributing factors are the following: the number of crossing pedestrians, distractions, group, position of pedestrians in relation to the vehicle, the number of traffic lanes, and age. Based on the obtained results, a new design of the pedestrian traffic lights was proposed.
High-Q factor circuit with reduced sensitivity

An active network is suggested that uses one differential-input operational amplifier and is suitable for realising high-Q factor second-order bandpass functions. Its Q sensitivity to component values is found to be less than the optimum Q sensitivities of the corresponding networks of Huelsman and Antoniou. The network has been used to realise a sixth-order bandpass filter in three cascaded stages. Experimental results are given.
The Current Status of Vaccine Uptake and the Impact of COVID-19 on Intention to Vaccination in Patients with COPD in Beijing

Background SARS-CoV-2 tends to cause more severe disease in patients with COPD once they are infected. We aimed to investigate the rates of influenza, pneumococcal and COVID-19 vaccination uptake in patients with COPD and to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic and widespread vaccination against COVID-19 had any impact on the intention to accept influenza vaccines in these patients. Methods We conducted a multi-center and cross-sectional survey in seven tertiary hospitals in Beijing and consecutively recruited outpatients with COPD from June 1st to July 30th, 2021. The survey included patient’s clinical characteristics, uptake of influenza, pneumococcal and COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine knowledge, attitude towards vaccines, and the change of intention to receive influenza vaccination after COVID-19 epidemic and COVID-19 vaccination in Beijing. Results A total of 264 patients were enrolled. The rate of COVID-19 vaccination during the study period was 39.0%. The rates of influenza vaccination in the past season and pneumococcal vaccination in the past year were 22.7% and 5.7%, respectively. Of the patients who had not received COVID-19 vaccination (n = 161), only 16.2% reported that COVID-19 vaccination was recommended by clinicians, while 23.5% had no knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccination. About 51.1% of the patients reported that their intention to receive influenza vaccination was influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 vaccination was independently associated with a positive change in intention to receive influenza vaccination. Conclusion The coverage rate of COVID-19 vaccination among patients with COPD in Beijing was 39.0%, and that of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination was very low. The COVID-19 pandemic and the COVID-19 vaccination campaign showed a significant, positive impact on patients with COPD in terms of influenza vaccination. Improving awareness of the effectiveness and safety of vaccines among both healthcare professionals and patients could increase vaccination coverage in patients with COPD.
Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid from laser induced graphene

In this work, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid using laser induced graphene as the carbon source. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were successfully synthesized by adding ammonia water to the graphene suspension. The GQDs/N-GQDs structure consist of a graphitic core with oxygen and nitrogen functionalities with particle size less than 10 nm, as demonstrated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectrometer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The absorption peak, PL spectrum, and quantum yield of the N-GQDs were significantly enhanced compared with the undoped GQDs. Further, the possible mechanism of synthesis GQDs was discussed. Furthermore, the N-GQDs were used as a fluorescent probe for detection of Fe3+ ions. The N-GQDs may extend the application of graphene-based materials to bioimaging, sensor, and photoelectronic.
A New Technique for Preventing Black Hole Attack in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less autonomous system in which mobile nodes connected through wireless links are free to move randomly. The characteristics of MANET exhibit more vulnerability to communication related attacks. One of these attacks is Black hole attack. In this paper, the effect of black hole attack on the network performance is analyzed using AODV and IDSAODV routing protocols. A new protocol Improved IDSAODV (IIDSAODV) is also proposed that is a modification of IDSAODV protocol to reduce the effects of black hole attack. Network simulator ns-2.34 is used for the simulation. The packet delivery ratio, network throughput and average end-to-end delay of protocols are calculated and analyzed under black hole attack. A comparative analysis of these protocols is also presented in the paper.