Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A quantitative method to assess the role of indoor air decontamination to simultaneously reduce contamination of environmental surfaces: testing with vegetative and spore‐forming bacteria

Indoor air can spread pathogens, which can be removed/inactivated by a variety of means in healthcare and other settings. We quantitatively assessed if air decontamination could also simultaneously reduce environmental surface contamination in the same setting. Two types of vegetative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii), and a bacterial spore‐former (Geobacillus stearothermophilus) were tested as representative airborne bacteria. They were separately aerosolized with a Collison nebulizer into a 24‐m3 aerobiology chamber and air samples collected with a programmable slit‐to‐agar sampler. Settling airborne particles were collected on culture plates placed at, and collected from, five different locations on the floor of the chamber with a custom‐built remote plate‐placement and ‐retriever system. Experimentally contaminated air in the chamber was decontaminated for 45 min with a device based on HEPA filtration and UV light. The plates were incubated and CFU counted. The device reduced the viability levels of all tested bacteria in the air by >3 log10 (>99·9%) in 45 min. Based on two separate tests, the average reductions in surface contamination for S. aureus, A. baumannii and G. stearothermophilus were respectively, 97, 87 and 97%. We thus showed that air decontamination could substantially and simultaneously reduce the levels of surface contamination in the same setting irrespective of the type of pathogen present.
Enriching Lexical Knowledge Bases with Encyclopedic Relations

Lexical knowledge bases, such as WordNet, have been shown to be useful in a wide range of language processing applications. However WordNet lacks certain information, such as topical relations between synsets. This thesis addresses this problem by enriching WordNet using information derived from Wikipedia. The approach consists of mapping concepts in WordNet to corresponding articles in Wikipedia. This is done using a three stage approach. First a set of possible candidate articles is retrieved for each WordNet concept. This is done by searching using the article title, and also by searching the full text using an IR engine. Secondly, text similarity scores are used to select the best match from the candidate articles. Finally, the mappings are refined using information from Wikipedia links to give a set of high quality matches. The mappings are evaluated using a manually annotated gold standard set of synset-article mappings. The annotation process indicates that the majority of synsets have a good matching article. The refined mappings are shown to have precision of 88.2\%. The mappings are then used to enrich relations in WordNet using Wikipedia links. The enriched WordNet is then used with a knowledge based Word Sense Disambiguation system. Evaluations are performed on the Semcor 3.0 corpus. Adding the new relations improves performance significantly over the WordNet baseline, demonstrating the usefulness of the mappings on an extrinsic task.
Chronic active EBV infection associated with NK cell lymphoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a 27-year-old woman

Rationale: Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) is a common infectious disease that often affects multiple organs or systems. However, it is liable to be neglected and misdiagnosed owing to its insidious onset, lack of specific findings in the early phase, and a general lack of awareness among clinicians. Patient concerns: a 27-year-old woman case has been described who was initially misdiagnosed as drug-induced liver injury due to onset presentation of mild splenomegaly, recurrent liver dysfunction, and disputable pathological evidence of liver biopsy. Diagnoses: CAEBV complicated with natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was diagnosed by in situ hybridization of liver tissue section with EBV-encoded RNA -1 probe and flow cytometry of bone marrow. Interventions: After admission, the patient received symptomatic treatment and antiviral therapy (combination of acyclovir and foscarnet sodium) as well as adjuvant treatment (thymosin alpha 1 and methylprednisolone); later, the patient received etoposide and dexamethasone for diagnosis of EBV associated HLH. Subsequently, the disease progressed to NK cell lymphoma and the patient received the revised EPOCH chemotherapy regimen [etoposide (100 mg/d, d1–5), dexamethasone (7.5 mg/d, d1–5; 5 mg/d, d6–14), cyclophosphamide (0.8 g/d, d1–2), and pegaspargase (3750 u/d, tid, d1–2)]. Outcomes: Although the patient received a series of therapies and other comprehensive measures, finally she died of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and multiple organ failure. Lessons: Liver is one of the main target organs of EBV infection. In the clinical setting of unexplained fever and liver injury, it is necessary to be aware of CAEBV, as well as its fatal complication such as EBV associated NK cell lymphoma and HLH.
Chromosome Conformation Capture Reveals Two Elements That Interact with the PTBP3 (ROD1) Transcription Start Site

The long-range control of gene expression is facilitated by chromatin looping and can be detected using chromosome conformation capture—3C. Here we focus on the chromatin architecture of the PTBP3 (Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 3) locus to evaluate its potential role in regulating expression of the gene. PTBP3 expression in prostate cancer cell lines is found significantly higher compared to skin fibroblasts using real-time PCR (p < 0.05) and digital droplet PCR (p < 0.01). Exploration of the chromatin spatial architecture of a nearly 200-kb fragment of chromosome 9 encompassing the PTBP3 gene identified two elements located 63 kb upstream and 48 kb downstream of PTBP3, which looped specifically to the PTBP3 promoter. These elements contain histone acetylation patterns characteristic of open chromatin regions with active enhancers. Our results reveal for the first time that long-range chromatin interactions between the −63 kb and +48 kb loci and the PTBP3 promoter regulate the expression of this gene in prostate cancer cells. These interactions support an open chromatin form for the PTBP3 locus in cancer cells and the three-dimensional structural model proposed in this paper.
Les stéréotypes, c’est bien. Les imaginaires, c’est mieux

RESUMO Patrick Charaudeau e um dos importantes especialistas contemporâneos da analise do discurso. Professor Emerito da Universidade Paris XIII, onde lecionou Ciencias da Linguagem, e pesquisador no Laboratoire de Communication Politique do Centro Nacional de Pesquisas Cientificas e no Instituto Nacional de Audiovisual da Franca. O professor e fundador da Teoria Semiolinguistica de Analise do Discurso, alem de diretor e fundador do CAD (Centre D´Analyse du Discours) da Universidade Paris XIII. Os estudos do prof. Patrick Charaudeau consistem na analise de discursos midiaticos, propagandistas, dentre outros generos de discursos sociais. Nesse texto, Charaudeau esclarece conceitos importantes para o analista, tais como: estereotipos, real e realidade, representacoes sociais, imaginarios sociodiscursivos, a fim de promover a compreensao dos discursos que promovem a coesao dos grupos sociais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Linguistica; Analise do Discurso
Simulation Study of Helium Effect on the Microstructure of Nanocrystalline Body-Centered Cubic Iron

Helium (He) effect on the microstructure of nanocrystalline body-centered cubic iron (BCC-Fe) was studied through Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation and simulated X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The crack generation and the change of lattice constant were investigated under a uniaxial tensile strain at room temperature to explore the roles of He concentration and distribution played in the degradation of mechanical properties. The simulation results show that the expansion of the lattice constant decreases and the swelling rate increases while the He in the BCC region diffuses into the grain boundary (GB) region. The mechanical property of nanocrystalline BCC-Fe shows He concentration and distribution dependence, and the existence of He in GB is found to benefit the generation and growth of cracks and to affect the strength of GB during loading. It is observed that the reduction of tensile stress contributed by GB He is more obvious than that contributed by grain interior He.
Piezoelectric Surgery in the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Lateralization With Simultaneous Implant Placement: A Case Report

The aim of this case report was to describe the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) lateralization technique using the piezoelectric device for the posterior rehabilitation of an atrophic mandible with implants. The patient presented the absence of elements 35 and 36 associated with a vertical defect impairing the adequate dental implant placement without IAN damage. A full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap was raised, and a bone window was made with a piezoelectric device centralized on the IAN canal position. After dissection, the IAN was moved buccally with a sterile elastic strip. Morse cone 4.0 × 1.5-mm implants were inserted while the IAN remained retracted. At the 4-month follow-up, the screw-retained prosthesis was installed guaranteeing the recovering masticatory function. In conclusion, the case report showed that the IAN lateralization performed with an adequate surgical technique can be successfully indicated for longer implant placement in edentulous atrophic posterior mandible with no permanent neural damage.
Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The number of total hip arthroplasties (THA) performed across the world is growing rapidly. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing THA. Methods: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Database from inception until July 2018 to identify studies assessing the incidence of AKI (using standard AKI definitions of RIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO classifications) in patients undergoing THA. We applied a random-effects model to estimate the incidence of AKI. The protocol for this meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42018101928). Results: Seventeen cohort studies with a total of 24,158 patients undergoing THA were enrolled. Overall, the pooled estimated incidence rates of AKI and severe AKI requiring dialysis following THA were 6.3% (95% CI: 3.8%–10.2%) and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.1%–2.3%). Subgroup analysis based on the countries by continent was performed and demonstrated the pooled estimated incidence of AKI following THA of 9.2% (95% CI: 5.6%–14.8%) in Asia, 8.1% (95% CI: 4.9%–13.2%) in Australia, 7.4% (95% CI: 3.2%–16.3%) in Europe, and 2.8% (95% CI: 1.2%–17.0%) in North America. Meta-regression of all included studies showed significant negative correlation between incidence of AKI following THA and study year (slope = −0.37, p <0.001). There was no publication bias as assessed by the funnel plot and Egger’s regression asymmetry test with p = 0.13 for the incidence of AKI in patients undergoing THA. Conclusion: The overall estimated incidence rates of AKI and severe AKI requiring dialysis in patients undergoing THA are 6.3% and 0.5%, respectively. There has been potential improvement in AKI incidence for patients undergoing THA over time.
Primary Effusion Lymphoma

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare, aggressive lymphoma that involves 1 or more of the serous (pleural, peritoneal, and peritoneal) cavities without other tumor masses and is associated with the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), often in the setting of immunodeficiency. PEL occurs predominantly in men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) but can be seen in iatrogenically immunosuppressed transplant patients and elderly individuals. The effusions show a dispersed population of large pleomorphic cells with eccentrically located nuclei, 1 or more prominent nucleoli, a perinuclear pallor, and moderately abundant cytoplasm. Binucleated and multinucleated cells and mitotic figures are seen commonly. This lymphoma frequently has an indeterminate immunophenotype that is not clearly B cell or T cell in origin, but it is often positive for CD45, CD30, and epithelial membrane antigen. In addition to HHV-8 positivity, many patients also have seropositive results for HIV and Epstein-Barr virus. PEL usually exhibits a complex karyotype without a characteristic aberration. The differential diagnosis typically includes other high-grade lymphomas that occur in HIV-infected patients, immunosuppressed patients, and elderly individuals. The prognosis of this high-grade lymphoma is usually poor, with a survival of only a few months, even with chemotherapy.
Substitutions in the β subunits of sickle-cell hemoglobin improve oxidative stability and increase the delay time of sickle-cell fiber formation

After reacting with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS, βE6V) remains longer in a highly oxidizing ferryl form (HbFe4+=O) and induces irreversible oxidation of “hot-spot” amino acids, including βCys-93. To control the damaging ferryl heme, here we constructed three HbS variants. The first contained a redox-active Tyr in β subunits (F41Y), a substitution present in Hb Mequon; the second contained the Asp (K82D) found in the β cleft of Hb Providence; and the third had both of these β substitutions. Both the single Tyr-41 and Asp-82 constructs lowered the oxygen affinity of HbS but had little or no effects on autoxidation or heme loss kinetics. In the presence of H2O2, both rHbS βF41Y and βF41Y/K82D enhanced ferryl Hb reduction by providing a pathway for electrons to reduce the heme via the Tyr-41 side chain. MS analysis of βCys-93 revealed moderate inhibition of thiol oxidation in the HbS single F41Y variant and dramatic 3- to 8-fold inhibition of cysteic acid formation in rHbS βK82D and βF41Y/K82D, respectively. Under hypoxia, βK82D and βF41Y/K82D HbS substitutions increased the delay time by ∼250 and 600 s before the onset of polymerization compared with the rHbS control and rHbS βF41Y, respectively. Moreover, at 60 °C, rHbS βK82D exhibited superior structural stability. Asp-82 also enhanced the function of Tyr as a redox-active amino acid in the rHbS βF41Y/K82D variant. We conclude that the βK82D and βF41Y substitutions add significant resistance to oxidative stress and anti-sickling properties to HbS and therefore could be potential genome-editing targets.
Evolvability of Software Systems

Software evolvability, meeting the future requirements of the customer is one of the emerging challenges which software industry is facing nowadays. Software evolvability is the ability of software system to accommodate future requirements. Studies have shown that software evolvability has large economic benefits but at the same time it’s difficult to assess. Over the time many methods have been derived to assess the software evolvability. Software evolvability depends upon various characteristics of the software system. In this paper we will discuss different characteristics of the software systems on which software evolvability depends. We will also have a look on hierarchy of these characteristics based on their role in the evolvability of software system. Moreover we will find out that what level of qualifications is appropriate for an expert to assess the software evolvability of a software system
Ischemia/reperfusion injury in the aged liver: The importance of the sinusoidal endothelium in developing therapeutic strategies for the elderly.

The liver endothelium plays a key role in the progression and resolution of liver diseases in young and adult individuals. However, its role in older people remains unknown. We have herein evaluated the importance of the sinusoidal endothelium in the pathophysiology of acute liver injury, and investigated the applicability of simvastatin, in aged animals.18 months old male Wistar rats underwent 60 min of partial warm ischemia followed by 2h of reperfusion (WIR). A group of aged rats received simvastatin for 3 days before WIR. Endothelial phenotype, parenchymal injury, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and fenestrae dynamics were analysed. The effects of WIR and simvastatin were investigated in primary LSEC from aged animals.The results of this study demonstrated that WIR significantly damages the liver endothelium and its effects are markedly worse in old animals. WIR-aged livers exhibited reduced vasodilation and sinusoidal capillarization, associated with liver damage and cellular stress. Simvastatin prevented the detrimental effects of WIR in aged livers.In conclusion, the liver sinusoidal endothelium of old animals is highly vulnerable to acute insult, thus targeted protection is especially relevant in preventing liver damage. Simvastatin represents a useful therapeutic strategy in aging.
Mn concentration and mycorrhizal colonization in understory native species grown at areas of manganese mine tailings disposal

Abstract Revegetation of areas with mine tailings should consider not only the best technique but also the choice of species adapted to this condition. This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of plant species, their Mn concentrations, and mycorrhizal colonization after implementation of two revegetation techniques (replacement of topsoil with natural seed bank and planting of seedlings) in an area of disposal of tailings from Mn processing compared to a native forest area as well as to a place that was not revegetated. Plant samples (at least three individuals/species) were collected from the understory at revegetated locations and forest. The established plant species and their Mn concentrations, mycorrhizal colonization, and forms of Mn in the soil were analyzed. The use of topsoil led to greater plant diversity. The high concentrations of Mn in the substrates did not affect the occurrence of vegetation in the understory and mycorrhizal colonization. The plant species established in the revegetated areas differed in relation to Mn concentration (471–27,842 mg kg−1 in leaves), Mn translocation factor (0.2–125.3) and mycorrhizal colonization rates (1–35%). Four potential Mn hyperaccumulators species were identified: Aparisthmium cordatum, Clidemia hirta, Socratea exorrhiza, and Vismia latifolia.
The change of Th17/Treg cells and IL-10/IL-17 in Chinese children with Henoch–Schonlein purpura

Background: To date, the relationship of Th17 and Treg cells to Henoch–Schonlein purpura (HSP) in children remains controversial. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to reveal the potential role of the Th17 and Treg cells in children in acute stage of HSP. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) were systematically searched for eligible studies up to November 03, 2017. Quality assessment was carried out according to the modification of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The data were analyzed by Stata SE12.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). Standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated continuous data. Results: A total of 25 eligible studies were identified after a thorough literature search. The pooled results of the meta-analysis showed that values of Th17 frequency (SMD = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.98 to 3.23; P < .0001; I2 = 90.3%, P < .0001) and IL-17 level (SMD = 3.53; 95% CI: 2.71 to 4.35; P < .0001; I2 = 95.6%, P < .001) were significantly higher in children with HSP as compared to healthy children. In contrast, our analysis showed significant lower values of Treg frequency (SMD = -2.86; 95% CI: -3.53 to -2.19; P < .001; I2 = 92.4%, P < .001). However, no significance of IL-10 level was observed between children with HSP and healthy children (SMD = -1.22; 95% CI: -2.78 to 0.33; P < .01; I2 = 95.9%, P < .001). Conclusion: In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicated that increased frequency of Th17 cells and level of IL-17, but lower frequency of Treg cells are associated with HSP in childhood. Considering the limitations of this meta-analysis, large-scaled studies need to be conducted to validate the current results.
A survey of methods used in the technical examination and analysis of brown inks

The wide range in appearance of written or drawn brown inks complicates accurate attribution, which is essential in anticipating degradation patterns and the inks' reaction to common solvents and reagents used in the course of conservation treatments. The busy practising conservator, whether in the public or private sector rarely has the time or facilities to undergo expensive and often complex instrumental analysis and research to determine the origin of suck inks. This paper, surveys and draws together a myriad of techniques and procedures available to the conservator in distinguishing brown inks from one another, from the relatively simple, through to the more complicated. It will discuss procedures on the following topics: Historic attribution, for instance dates of introduction and demise, country of origin and use; Surface morphology and microscopic appearance; Ageing characteristics and known sensitives to solvents, reagents and environmental issues; Microchemical tests, such as those for the detection of ferric iron; Technical examination, involving ultra-violet light florescence and reflectance photography and infra-red reflectology; Compound and elemental instrumental analysis such as Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometry, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Clinical Outcomes for Children During Emergency Department Triage

Key Points Question Do machine learning approaches improve the ability to predict clinical outcomes and disposition of children at emergency department triage? Findings In this prognostic study of a nationally representative sample of 52 037 emergency department visits by children, machine learning–based triage models had better discrimination ability for clinical outcomes and disposition compared with the conventional triage approaches, with a higher sensitivity for the critical care outcome and higher specificity for the hospitalization outcome. Meaning Machine learning may improve the prediction ability of triage approaches and could be used to reduce undertriage of critically ill children and to improve resource allocation in emergency departments.
Colorectal Cancer: Causes and Evidence of Chemopreventive Treatments.

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second and third most frequent cancer in women and men, respectively; indeed, CRC is placed as the fourth world's most deadly cancer (after lung, liver, and stomach cancer). The incidence of CRC is strongly influenced by nutrition and the high fat/high carbohydrate Western-style diet. CRC is one of the most intensively studied cancer types, partly because of its high prevalence, but also because of the existence of its precursor lesions, tubular or villous adenomas, and more recently serrated adenomas. The morphological steps in the adenomacarcinoma sequence have been elucidated at a molecular level, which allow the identification of the genes responsible for CRC. Review and Conclusions: The main aim of this review is to provide data regarding the pathophysiological characteristics, molecular mechanisms as well as carcinogenic and chemopreventive agents for CRC, with emphasis on evidence supporting their efficacy. These compounds may modulate multiple signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis in transformed cells, they also enhance the host immune system and favor an effective treatment. Despite promising results from experimental studies, only a limited number of these compounds have been tested in clinical trials. The mechanistic spectrum and specificity of the action of phytochemicals represent a complex and evolving field of research.