Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ferromagnetic behaviors in monolayer MoS2 introduced by nitrogen-doping

Effective functionalization of magnetic properties through substitutional doping may extend the spintronic applications of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor MoS2. Here, the magnetoelectric properties of nitrogen-doped monolayer MoS2 are investigated by first-principles calculations, revealing that the N-p and S-p states are strongly hybridized with the Mo-d states, thus leading to the appearance of magnetism as verified experimentally. We demonstrate in situ doping of monolayer MoS2 with nitrogen via a convenient chemical vapor deposition method. Incorporation of nitrogen into MoS2, leading to the evolution of magnetism, is evidenced by combining x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements. By comparison with pristine monolayer MoS2, the distinct ferromagnetism behaviors of nitrogen-doped monolayer MoS2 are observed up to room temperature, while the semiconducting nature persists. Our work introduces an efficient and feasible approach to realize magnetism in the 2D limit and explores potential applications in semiconductor spintronics.
Electroadhesion Technologies for Robotics: A Comprehensive Review

Electroadhesion (EA) is an electrically controllable adhesion mechanism that has been studied and used in fields including active adhesion and attachment, robotic gripping, robotic crawling and climbing, and haptics, for over a century. This is because EA technologies, compared to other existing adhesion solutions, facilitate systems with enhanced adaptability (EA is effective on a wide of range of materials and surfaces), reduced system complexity (EA systems are both mechanically and electrically simpler), low energy consumption, and less-damaging to materials (EA, combined with soft materials, can be used to lift delicate objects). In this survey, we comprehensively detail the working principle, modeling, design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of EA technologies employed in robotics, aiming to provide guidance and offer potential insights for future EA researchers and applicants. Joint and collaborative efforts are still required to promote the in-depth understanding and mature employment of this promising adhesion and gripping technology in various robotic applications.
Systematic Augmentation of Artoolkit Markers for Indoor Navigation and Guidance

Augmented Reality (AR) has been deployed in various fields like engineering, medical, gaming, andacademic. It has also been utilized for user navigation in large indoor environments. In this study, we present a pathgeneration algorithm that automatically identifies fiducial markers in the building to create a path for user navigation.Path augmentation algorithm adds auditory and textual information to the generated path for user assistance. Weimplement the algorithms in an android application and its internal mechanism for database creation and guidancesystem is discussed.
Nα-acetylation of EsxA is required for mycobacterial cytosolic translocation and virulence

Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors, EsxA and EsxB, are secreted as a heterodimer (EsxA:B) and play an essential role in mycobacterial phagosomal escape and cytosolic translocation. Current studies support a model that EsxA must dissociate from its chaperon EsxB at low pH in order for EsxA to interact with host membranes. However, the mechanism of the heterodimer separation is not clear. In the present study, we have obtained evidence that the Nα-acetylation of Thr2 on EsxA, a post-translational modification that is present in mycobacteria, but absent in E. coli, is required for the heterodimer separation. The point mutations at Thr2 without Nα-acetylation inhibited the heterodimer separation and hence prevented EsxA from interacting with the membranes, which resulted in attenuated mycobacterial cytosolic translocation and virulence. Molecular dynamic simulation showed that at low pH the Nα-acetylated Thr2 made direct and frequent “bind-and-release” contacts with EsxB, which generates a dragging force to pull EsxB away from EsxA.
A Conceptual Framework for the Inclusion of Recreational Therapy within South African Healthcare Paradigms

Final-phase rehabilitation in South Africa is synonymous with the professions of Physio- therapy and Biokinetics; no consideration is given to the contribution of the profession of Recreational Therapy, which successfully contributes to other international healthcare paradigms. The primary aim was to determine whether collaborative relationships exist between South African recreational therapists and physiotherapists or biokineticists. A secondary aim was to review the potential inclusion of the profession of Recreational Therapy within the existing South African patient referral system of the multidisciplinary healthcare paradigm. An electronic search of the Google Scholar and Sabinet databases identified no records regarding interprofessional collaborative relationships between Recreational Therapy, Physiotherapy and Biokinetics. The authors therefore used two indirect records that prescribe interprofessional collaboration among South African healthcare practitioners during final-phase exercise rehabilitation. The quality of these individual records was appraised using the modified Downs and Black Scale in order to reduce bias. While there is a paucity of literature identifying the absence of interprofessional collaborative relationships between Recreational Therapy, Biokinetics, and Physiotherapy, the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) guide neverthe-less allows for dynamic overlap among final-phase exercise therapists, thereby providing an opportunity for the inclusion of Recreational Therapy within the existing dynamic, multidisciplinary, South African healthcare paradigm. The inclusion of the profession of Recreational Therapy, as part of a collaborative team effort, can be helpful in order to address the multifaceted challenges experienced by many South African patients.
Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoal Infections among Immunosuppressed Patients in a Tertiary Hospital Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis constitutes a major public health problem, especially in developing countries intestinal protozoa parasites play an important role in triggering diseases in specific groups such as immunocompromised individuals and young children. Methods: A total of 269 stool samples were collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makah, Saudi Arabia. Two groups of patients were studied, 139 immunosuppressed patients and 130 immunocompetent patients. Stool samples were examined by wet saline and iodine mounts. A concentration technique, Mini parasep® Concentrator was carried out for negative stool samples by wet saline and iodine mounts. Samples were stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. The ImmunoCard STAT CGE rapid test was done for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. Aim of the present work: The present study determines the prevalence and symptoms associated with opportunistic intestinal protozoal infections among immunosuppressed patients in Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makah, Saudi Arabia. Results: Total 60 cases (43.2%) were positive for parasitic infections among immunosuppressed patients, whereas 28 cases (21.5%) were positive in the control immunocompetent group. Blastocystis hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum were the most common protozoan infections in immunosuppressed patients (33.3% and 28.3%, respectively). Giardia lamblia was the most common protozoan infection in the control group (53.6%). The most frequent symptoms among the immunosupressed patients were: flatulence, (39.5%); weight loss, (24.4%); abdominal pain, (15.1%); diarrhea, (9.3%). There was a significant difference between the two groups: flatulence and abdominal pain were more prevalent in the control group than in immunosupressed patients (p < 0.05).
Technology organization environment framework in cloud computing

Cloud Computing is a rapidly emerging technology over the last few years, that has abolished the burden of purchasing heavy hardware and software. Cloud computing has been advantageous to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), though many SMEs have not adopted to delve into its appealing benefits. To increase the cloud adoption rate in these Enterprises, the most important thing is to understand the aspects which influence the cloud adoption. The article focuses on these factors, which influence the use of cloud services by establishing the three layer hierarchical framework based on the grounded on the Technology Oriented Environmental (TOE) framework through systematic literature review. Because cloud-based solutions offer numerous benefits for companies, they have precious cloud determinants. This paper therefore took into account the Technology Organization Environment TOE model for Cloud Computing adoption. In addition, the questionaries designed at the end also indicate the significant connection in the decision of adoption between three context of TOE. Moreover, the designed questionaries has been used for the analysis of cloud computing adoption in Bangladeshi SMEs.
Effect of Protective Coatings on Frost Resistance of Concrete Structures in Northeast Coastal Areas

Dalian is located in the northeast coastal area, and the complex environment has caused severe freezing and thawing damage to the marine concrete. The experiment used polyurea, polyurethane, epoxy mortar to protect the concrete surface, and then carried out indoor rapid freeze-thaw test to analyze the effect of coating on the antifreeze performance of concrete. The concrete samples were subjected to mercury intrusion test before and after the freeze-thaw cycle to analyze the pore structure changes of the concrete before and after erosion. The test results show that the concrete covered by protective coating has a lower mass loss rate and a higher dynamic elastic modulus than the unprotected concrete, the order of anti-freezing performance of the protective coating from strong to weak is: epoxy mortar > polyurethane > polyurea. By isolating the concrete from the corrosive environment, the protective coating can delay the ingress of corrosive materials, slow the tendency of harmless pores in the concrete to multiple the harmful holes and harmful pores, improve the frost resistance of the concrete, and prolong the use of the concrete structure life.
The importance of the general system theory for the modern world

The paper explores General Systems Theory and its methodology. The historical development of the thought of wholeness is presented at the beginning, reflecting on philosophical attitudes that indicated the importance of the whole in relation to the parts. The paper explains how diffusion and fragmentation across scientific disciplines created needs within the science that further motivated action to create metatheory that would resolve this fragmentation and atomization through a unique umbrella approach. The paper then gives an insight into the context of development of General Systems Theory, after which its basic premise and characteristics are presented. The following section is dealing with a specific methodology of General Systems Theory the system approach which includes system thinking and analysis. The ambition of General Systems Theory to form a unique new scientific paradigm is explored in the chapter focused on its contribution to contemporary science. The conclusion reveals significance of General Systems Theory, its revolutionizing on many fields and its potential limitations, but also open possibilities for further exploration. Ključne reči: celina, celovitost, transdisciplinarnost, sistemski pristup, opšta teorija sistema
Recycling fertilizers from human excreta exhibit high nitrogen fertilizer value and result in low uptake of pharmaceutical compounds

Recycling nutrients is essential for closing nutrient loops within a circular economy. Using locally available resources such as human excreta to produce bio-based recycling fertilizers can substitute mineral fertilizers and thereby promote environmentally friendly food production. To better understand the fertilizer potential and nitrogen value of human excreta, three novel and safe recycling products were evaluated in a field experiment. Two nitrified urine fertilizers (NUFs) and one fecal compost were applied alone or in combination, and compared against the commercial organic fertilizer vinasse. In addition, the uptake of pharmaceuticals was assessed for treatments with compost application. White cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba) was cultivated in plots in three different soil types (sand, loam or silt) treated with the fertilizers according to plant needs and mineral soil nitrogen content. The two NUFs resulted in marketable yields similar to those of vinasse in all soil types. Combining fecal compost with a NUF led to increased marketable yield compared to compost alone. The highest yield was recorded from the sandy soil, where vinasse and NUF treatments led to comparable yields, as expected in organic productions systems (up to 72 t ha−1). The cabbage yield and total aboveground fresh biomass followed the following trend in all soils: NUFs ∼ vinasse ≥ compost + NUF ≥ compost. Nitrogen uptake in the cabbage heads and total biomass was significantly higher in sand (69.5–144 kg ha−1) than loam (71.4–95.8 kg ha−1). All compost treatments alleviated the effect of soil type and resulted in comparable nitrogen uptake and yield in all soil types. Plant uptake of pharmaceuticals (Carbamazepin) was higher in sand than in loam, and concentration in the edible part was lower than in the outer leaves. In conclusion, NUF alone appears to be a promising successful fertilizer substitute in horticultural food production. The combined application of NUF and compost led to slightly lower crop yields, but may increase soil carbon content in the long term, promoting climate-friendly food production.
Endocytic trafficking induces lateral root founder cell specification in Arabidopsis thaliana in a process distinct from the auxin-induced pathway

Plants can modify their body structure, such as their root architecture, post-embryonically. For example, Arabidopsis thaliana can develop lateral roots as part of an endogenous program or in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli. Root pericycle cells are specified to become lateral root founder cells, initiating lateral root organogenesis. We used the endocytic trafficking inducer Sortin2 to examine the role of endomembrane trafficking in lateral root founder cell specification. Our results indicate that Sortin2 stimulation turns on a de novo program of lateral root primordium formation that is distinct from the endogenous program driven by auxin. In this distinctive mechanism, extracellular calcium uptake and endocytic trafficking toward the vacuole are required for lateral root founder cell specification upstream of the auxin module led by AUX/IAA28. The auxin-dependent TIR1/AFB F-boxes and auxin polar transport are dispensable for the endocytic trafficking–dependent lateral root founder cell specification; however, a different set of F-box proteins and a functional SCF complex are required. The endocytic trafficking could constitute a convenient strategy for organogenesis in response to environmental conditions.
The promotion effect of uniaxial strain on hydrogen aggregation in tungsten

The aggregation behavior of hydrogen (H) isotopes after low-energy plasma irradiation is particularly important for tungsten (W) in future fusion devices. Here, using the first-principles calculation, we demonstrated an interesting strain effect that may drive the planar aggregation of interstitial H atoms in W. Although there are attractive interactions between H atoms, the spontaneous nucleation of these platelet-like H clusters in strain-free W appears impossible even at high H concentrations (up to 0.1 at.%) because of the extremely low configurational entropy. However, applied uniaxial strain significantly increased the binding energy of H platelets and enabled planar H clusters to form. These results suggest that uniaxial strain enhances the nucleation and growth of H platelets in W, regardless of whether it is a compressive or tensile strain. Moreover, the binding energy of one-layer H clusters was lower than that of parallel H platelets, implying that the formation of multi-layer H clusters in W and their stability is also promoted by uniaxial strain. Meanwhile, the presence of planar H clusters dramatically reduced the vacancy formation energy in W, which in turn provided an extra trapping site to accommodate excessive H atoms. These results provide an important reference for understanding the H evolution in W-PFMs.
Cretaciella sorianoae gen. et sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Oritocatopini), Anophthalmic Species from Albian Amber of the Escucha Formation (Alava, Spain)

Cretaciella sorianoae gen. et sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Oritocatopini) from Albian amber of the Escucha Formation (Alava, Spain) is described and illustrated. This is the first species of Leiodidae from Alava amber and the first Cholevinae from Cretaceous amber. External and internal structures are investigated by propagation phase contrast X-ray microtomography. Based on both external and genital structures, Cretaciella is tentatively placed in the tribe Oritocatopini, the extant species of which occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. This specimen has no visible eyes or hind wings, which suggests an adaptation to subterranean or at least to soil litter environments. The biogeography of the tribe is succinctly discussed.
Three-Dimensional Bioelectrodes Utilizing Graphene Based Bioink

Enzyme immobilization using nanomaterials offers new approaches to enhanced bioelectrochemical performance and is essential for the preparation of bioelectrodes with high reproducibility and low cost. In this report, we describe the development of new three-dimensional (3D) bioelectrodes by immobilizing a “bioink” of glucose oxidase (GOD) in a matrix of reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), polyethylenimine (PEI), and ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcCOOH) on carbon paper (CP). CP with 3D interwoven carbon fibers serves as a solid porous and electronically conducting skeleton, providing large surface areas and space for loading the bioink and diffusion of substrate molecules. RGO enhances contact between the GOD-matrix and CP, maintaining high conductivity. The composition of the bioink has been systematically optimized. The GOD bioelectrodes show linearly increasing electrocatalytic oxidation current towards glucose concentration up to 48 mM. A hybrid enzymatic biofuel cell equipped with the GOD bioelectrode as a bioanode and a platinum cathode furthermore registers a maximum power density of 5.1 μW cm -2 and an open circuit voltage of 0.40 V at 25 °C. The new method reported of preparing a bioelectrode by drop-casting the bioink onto the substrate electrode is facile and versatile, with the potential of application also for other enzymatic bioelectrodes.
Rating maternal and neonatal health programs in developing countries.

Maternal and neonatal health services in 49 developing countries are compared using national ratings provided by 10-25 experts per country on a variety of dimensions. These expert ratings cover both routine and emergency services at health facilities access to these services for both rural and urban women the likelihood that women receive particular forms of antenatal and delivery care and such essential program elements as appropriate policy health promotion and training. Programs receive low ratings but great variation exists across countries especially with regard to access to services in rural areas. The ratings appear to confirm some aspects of the conventional wisdom about the quality of services. For instance immunization services receive good ratings while care for sexually transmitted infections receive abysmal ratings. However some results are not quite as expected. Where comparisons are possible the ratings are generally consistent with Demographic and Health survey data. (authors)
Reasons for the Formation of Tissue Defects in Continuous Casting Low Alloy Extra-Thick Plates and Countermeasures

Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe were used to observe the internal defects of continuous casting low alloy extra-thick plates. The results show that there is Mn segregation, MnS segregation, inclusions and Al2O3 inclusions in 100mm continuous casting low alloy extra-thick plates; The center is loose and the microcracks are accompanied by the central segregation and inclusions. These defects greatly damage the mechanical properties of the product. In order to reduce these defects, the method of controlling sulfur and calcium is used in the smelting process to reduce the formation of MnS; controlling the moisture and combined water absorbed by the steelmaking materials, and reducing the hydrogen content in the molten steel and the formation of hydrogen atoms to reduce cracking of the steel sheet.
Between fallacy and feasibility? Dealing with the risk of ecological fallacies in the quantitative study of protest mobilization and conflict

In recent years, the quantitative study of conflict has increasingly focused on small-scale and/or localized conflicts in the developing world. In this paper, we analyze and critically reflect upon a major methodological shortcoming of many studies in this field of research. We argue that by using groupor macro-level empirical data and modelling techniques, while at the same time theoretically underpinning observed empirical associations with individual-level mechanisms, many of these studies risk committing an ecological fallacy. The individual-level mechanism on which many studies rely concerns the presence of grievances which mobilize people to participate in contentious politics. This motivational approach was also present in early studies on protest mobilization in Western societies, which often relied on similar research designs. However, subsequent advances in this literature and the use of methods that were targeted more directly at the individual level uncovered that grievances alone cannot explain mobilization and that organizational capabilities and complex psychological mechanisms of belonging also form part of the puzzle. While drawing on conflict events as well as survey data from Africa, we demonstrate empirically that here, as well, inferring micro-level relations and dynamics from macro-level empirical models can lead to erroneous interpretations and inferences. Hence, we argue that to improve our understanding of conflict mobilization in the developing world, especially for conflicts with low levels of violence, it is necessary to substantially expand our methodological toolbox beyond macro-level analyses.
A tiny EBG‐based structure multiband MIMO antenna with high isolation for LTE/WLAN and C/X bands applications

This article proposes a compact multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with the electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures for mobile terminals. The proposed MIMO antenna is composed of two radiation patches in which diagonal and folded microstrip lines are utilized to control the frequency bands. The radiation patch, one EBG structure and a rectangular‐shaped ground plane are etched on both sides of the antenna. The EBG structures have been employed for reducing the mutual coupling between the antenna elements. As a result of the effect of these structures, the mutual coupling between the two elements is reduced by less than −30 dB. The proposed antenna is implemented on an FR4 substrate with dimensions 20 × 10 × 1 mm3. According to measured results, frequency ranges of 2.2 to 3.6 GHz and 5.1 to 5.9 GHz with S11 < −10 dB and also 3.7 to 5 GHz and 8 to 12 GHz with S22 < −10 dB have been obtained. Moreover, measured S12 and S21 with values of less than −30 dB for both Ports have been realized. Additionally, the envelope correlation and radiation efficiency of the purposed antenna are less than 0.09 and more than 82%, respectively.