Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE LaBWO 6 USING MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION

This article presents data referring to the mechanochemical activated synthesis of amorphous and crystalline LaBWO 6 . A stoichiometric mixture of La 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 and WO 3 of a 1:1:2 molar ratio was subjected to intense mechanical treatment in air using a planetary ball mill (Fritsch - Premium line - Pulversette No. 7). The obtained samples were analyzed by XRD, DTA, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The process of mechanochemical amorphization was accomplished within 20 h at a milling speed of 500 rpm at room temperature. An additional heat-treatment of the mechanochemically obtained amorphous phase was carried out in order to obtain single crystal LaBWO 6 phase. The short range order of the amorphous network was defined by BO 3 , BO 4 and WO 4 structural units. Glassy LaBWO 6 was obtained by us with the application of the melt quenching method prior to these experiments. The infrared and optical spectra showed that WO 4 units were more distorted in the structure of the glassy LaBWO 6 when compared to those of both amorphous phases. The crystallization of LaBWO 6 was achieved after thermal treatment at 690 o C of the mechanochemically obtained amorphous
Gender Heterogeneity of Bureaucrats in Attitude to Corruption: Evidence From List Experiment

Abstract A high level of corruption usually constrains economic development in emerging countries. However, anti-corruption campaigns often fail because the relevant policies need to be implemented by existing corrupt governments. This article studies the extent of bureaucrats’ heterogeneity in attitude to the problem of corruption. Due to the sensitivity of direct questions on corruption, we conduct the list experiment among public procurement officials in Russia. We show that female bureaucrats consider corruption an obstacle to public procurement development, and find no such evidence for male bureaucrats. This heterogeneity holds even at the high-level occupied positions. Although the negative attitude to corruption does not necessarily imply the anti-corruption activity by women, recognition of the problem seems to be a prerequisite for supporting an anti-corruption policy.
The Macroeconomic Effects of A Disaggregated Government Expenditure Shock in Ethiopia: Evidence from a Bayesian VAR Approach

This paper investigated the macroeconomic effects of government spending shocks in Ethiopia using a Bayesian Vector Auto Regression model. We examined the dynamic responses of output, inflation, interest rate and exchange rate to Government Spending shocks employing quarterly data from 2000/01Q1 to 2015/16Q4. The empirical evidence suggests that government spending shock had a positive impact on output and inflation but the effect was too small. Initially the interest rate responded negatively to government spending shocks and was positive with small effect and the nominal exchange rate showed deterioration. Furthermore, positive shocks to recurrent expenditure had a persistent positive impact on real output. Recurrent expenditure appeared not to be responsible for inflationary pressure. Interest rate picked up slightly as a result of recurrent spending shocks in the short run. The response of exchange rate to recurrent expenditure was small and remained negative. In contrast, capital expenditure was found to have an insignificant effect on output. The reasons could be the administrative lag and contractual bottleneck that are sometimes involved in executing capital projects and that appeared to be responsible for inflationary pressure. In the short term, the interest rate responded negatively and the estimated impact on exchange rate was insignificant.
Autonomous Systems in Ethical Dilemmas: Attitudes towards Randomization

Abstract Ethically, it is debatable whether we may program autonomous systems (AS) to actively impose harm on some to avoid greater harm for others. Responses to surveys on ethical dilemmas in the programming of self-driving cars have shown that people favor to impose harm on some people to save others from suffering and are consequently willing to sacrifice smaller groups to save larger ones in unavoidable accident situations. This is, if people are forced to directly impose harm. Contrary to humans, who would have to go through an accredited public process to verify an unbiased decision, AS feature a salient deontological alternative for immediate decisions that is traceable and minimizes harm originating from discriminatory factors: randomizing over dilemmatic outcomes. To be applicable in democracies, randomization must correspond to people's moral intuitions. In three studies (N = 935), we present empirical evidence that many people driven by moral considerations prefer to randomize between dilemmatic outcomes. We find these preferences in hypothetical and incentivized decision situations. We also find that preferences are robust in different contexts and persist across Germany, with its Kantian cultural tradition, and the US, with its utilitarian cultural tradition.
New chiral α‐diimine nickel(II) complexes bearing ortho‐sec‐phenethyl groups for ethylene polymerization

A series of new α-diimine nickel(II) catalysts bearing bulky chiral sec-phenethyl groups have been synthesized and characterized. The molecular structure of representative chiral ligand, bis[N,N′-(4-methyl-2,6-di-sec-phenethylphenyl)imino]-1,2-dimethylethane rac-1c and chiral complexes, {bis[N,N′-(4-methyl-2-sec-phenethylphenyl)imino]-2,3-butadiene}dibromidonickel rac-2a and bis{bis[N,N′-(4-methyl-2-sec-phenethylphenyl)imino]-2,3-butadiene}dibromidonickel rac-2b, were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Complex rac-2c bearing two chiral sec-phenethyl groups in the ortho-aryl position and a methyl group in the para-aryl position, activated by diethylaluminum chloride (DEAC), showed highly catalytic activity for the polymerization of ethylene [4.12 × 106 g PE (mol Ni.h.bar)−1], and produced highly branched polyethylenes under low ethylene pressure (branching degree: 104, 118 and 126 branches/1000 C at 20, 40 and 60°C, respectively). Chiral 20-electron bis-α-diimine Ni(II) complex rac-2b also exhibited high activity toward ethylene polymerization [1.71 × 106 g PE (mol Ni · h · bar)−1]. The type and amount of branches of the polyethylenes obtained were determined by 1H and 13C NMR. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Financial Engineering

Financial crisis has hit the world in a negative manner and has left a huge mark on the economies of the different countries. Financial engineering is a new concept which has emerged as a means of applying and implementing different methods in the field of finance. Financial engineering is a blend of finance, mathematics and statistics which is used in different areas and aspects of doing business and in the field of finance. This ensures that the people in this field apply the different computation methods that are present in order to get rid of the problems that the companies and the overall economy is facing due to the financial crisis. Favorable developments in the international economy in the recent years and according to the economic growth data that is available has led to the view that the economy is predictable and even understandable. The irrepressible and sophisticated financial engineering as weighted by its unique structure and design and relaxed use of monetary instruments. The economy still escapes the predictions that dominate the physical laws and especially the tools to overcome a crisis of the economy global systemic effects as the current, still, at this point of the crisis are to be proposed.
Intangible Ironies: Investor Mispricing of Company Assets On and Off its Balance Sheet

We examine how investors worldwide evaluate the mix of company assets both on and off its balance sheet. On aggregate, they appear to correctly value tangible assets but misprice intangible assets, with the possible exception of emerging market stocks. Investments in stakeholder capital—such as innovation, brand, and employees—often go unrecognized both on the balance sheet and by investors, despite their increased economic importance. In contrast, the premium paid for past acquisitions that is included on financial statements as goodwill generally fails to deliver on expectations, being written down too slowly by management and shareholders alike. These results are not explained by exposure to known systemic risk premia, limits to arbitrage, or data mining. Corroborating a recent surge of articles on this topic, we find that adjusting valuation metrics for the actual benefit of such intangibles improves performance in global equity markets. More impactfully, investors can diversify value exposure by targeting companies with latent such growth assets.
Schedule Reliability in Liner Shipping Timetable Design: A Convex Programming Approach

Container liner shipping is the primary mode of moving manufactured products across continents. Partly due to inherent uncertainties at sea and ports, the liner shipping industry has long had a notorious reputation of schedule delays and unreliable on-time performance. This paper formulates a new approach to incorporate schedule reliability targets in liner shipping timetable design, to balance bunker consumption, time taken for the voyage, and schedule delays. We first model a surrogate problem using a copositive program through a moment decomposition approach and solve it as a convex semidefinite programming relaxation. We next incorporate schedule reliability targets implicitly by exploiting the optimality condition of this surrogate model. We use this approach to analyze the trade-offs between the bunker consumption and the schedule reliability targets for each port call. Furthermore, we derive the optimal speed of the vessel in each leg of the schedule to control for total bunker consumption. Surprisingly, the analytical analysis shows that, if a shipping line has the freedom to choose its preferred berthing times at all ports, it is optimal to set design sailing speeds equal at all legs to maximize schedule reliability. We validate our model using data from a Daily Maersk service, and demonstrate that our schedule can achieve an even higher schedule reliability than the innovative Daily Maersk service schedule, which attained more than 98% reliability in practice, with 11.4% lower bunker consumption. In comparison with a common schedule design heuristic, our model can design service schedules that improve the reliability performance by at least five percentage points, consuming the same amount of bunker. For the same reliability target (of 80%) in schedule design, our model can help reduce bunker consumption by about 11.6% for an 11-week schedule. The savings in bunker consumption can be much more substantial when an ocean carrier aims for higher schedule reliability.
Asymmetric Valuation of Sustained Growth by Debt- and Equity-Holders

Viewing equity as a call option on the firm's assets with a strike price equal to contractual debt obligations yields an asymmetric prediction on how debt and equity markets view sustained growth. Debt holders are expected to benefit from sustained growth when the default risk is high, while equity holders value such growth when risk is low. Using Altman's Z-score and debt ratings as alternative proxies for the default risk, we document a negative association between bond yield spreads and sustained growth in earnings for firms with high risk only. In sharp contrast, using earnings multiples from returns-earnings regressions as a proxy for equity market rewards, we find earnings multiples are larger when earnings growth is sustained for the low risk sample only. Decomposing earnings growth into revenue and non-revenue growth, we find that the debt market rewards for firms with revenue growth are confined to the high risk sample only, while non-revenue growth firms are not rewarded for either sample. Equity investors value revenue-led earnings growth for low and high risk samples while non-revenue growth is rewarded for the low risk sample only. Our study adds to our understanding of how changes in firm value from sustained earnings and revenue growth are divided between key providers of capital and how default risk plays an instrumental role in this valuation process.
Betting on the Future: Online Gambling Goes Mainstream Financial

This new CSFI report is written by two former accountants – Michael Mainelli, an expatriate American who now runs Z/Yen (which he describes as a risk/reward consultancy) and Sam Dibb (who is now a semi-professional gambler). Its main thesis is that the advent of the internet-based betting exchange – Betfair and its challengers – changes everything. These changes are greatly to the advantage of punters (no surprise there) – and greatly to the disadvantage of traditional High St. bookmakers, for whom the future is bleak. Adapt or die, is the message for them – and most will almost certainly die. <br><br>Along with the threat to High St. bookies, the betting exchange is promoting the rapid convergence of gambling and mainstream financial products. If there is a willing seller and a willing buyer of any sort of risk and some sort of engine that will bring them together, why do we need traditional intermediaries? We can already trade sports contingency risk (promotion/relegation etc) over the internet. Ditto weather risk. It is not a big stretch to imagine all sorts of other risk transfer products being developed – disintermediating traditional insurers and banks. And, of course, betting-type products enjoy significant tax advantages over conventional insurance in the UK. (At least until Gordon Brown notices.)<br><br>This is a serious paper about a serious industry. Betting shop turnover in the UK alone is now about £40 billion – or three times total premiums at Lloyd’s. (Which means that it is about time regulators took notice – particularly given the furore over money-laundering.) Globally, total gambling turnover is now well over US$400 billion – and rising. And, thanks in part to sympathetic tax treatment, the UK is home to about 30% of the global on-line betting industry – which is where the real action is. <br><br>Our authors provide comprehensive odds on where the industry is going next – and what the broader impact on traditional bookies, society and politics is likely to be. <br><br>They also tell you how to make money… As our Christmas present to you, there is a box (pages 11 and 12) which shows how a serious gambler can arbitrage the pricing inefficiencies between the online exchanges and the brain-dead bookies to make a risk-free return. Admittedly (in the example offered) it is only 3.2% - but that’s for half an hours work, and it compares very favourably with current equity or bond yields. It won’t last; but on the day it was written, this strategy really did make money for at least one of our authors. <br>
The Relationship between Ethical Sale Behaviors with Loyalty Among Firm in Malaysia

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the influence of ethical sales behaviour on relationship quality and its consequences in the context of telemarketing to identify the complex nature of relationship marketing. Design/methodology/approach – A survey with 100 qualified observations from financial institutions’ customers in Malaysia was conducted. A structural equation modelling approach was used. Findings – Ethical sales behaviour components, that is, security, honesty, and privacy, have significant effects on relationship quality. Satisfactory relationship quality has positive effects on relationship commitment and customer loyalty. Originality/value – This paper identifies ethical sales behaviour components, namely, security, honesty and privacy, in the context of telemarketing and proposes that ethical sales behaviour is an important factor of maintaining high level of relationship quality.
The Impact of Social Networks on Flood Insurance Take-up and Climate Risk Perceptions after Hurricane Harvey

Hurricane Harvey unleashed trillions of gallons of water across Harris County in Texas, flooding more than 150,000 homes. Using county-to-county Facebook connections, I show that a doubling of a county’s relative probability of a Facebook friendship to Harris County increases the take-up of flood insurance policies by about 5% after the event. This effect is more potent in areas at higher risk of flooding. Being socially connected to someone affected by Hurricane Harvey also influences individuals’ perceptions of global warming.
Ex-Post Equity Awards and Measurement of the Pay-Performance Relation

The convention in corporate financial disclosures, ExecuComp, and academic research is to treat the fair value of equity grants to CEOs as compensation for performance in the year of the grant. In contrast, we provide evidence that equity awards, which constitute a dominant share of CEO pay, are used to reward managers ex-post for performance in the preceding fiscal year. Many firms explicitly mention this practice in their proxy statements. Empirically, equity grants increase substantially with the firm’s performance for the immediately preceding year. Our findings have important implications for the measurement of the pay-performance relation. The convention of treating equity grants as compensation for the year containing the grant, rather than for the preceding year, results in a dramatically underestimated pay-performance relation. Adjusting total compensation to include equity granted after the end of the performance year, as opposed to during the performance year, more than doubles the pay-to-performance elasticity.
An efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst composed of palladium phosphorous sulphide (PdP∼0.33S∼1.67) and twin nanocrystal Zn0.5Cd0.5S solid solution with both homo- and hetero-junctions

ZnxCd1−xS solid solutions have been successfully demonstrated as excellent visible light responsive catalysts for hydrogen evolution from water in the presence of sacrificial reagents. Especially Zn0.5Cd0.5S with a twin crystal structure is the best pristine sulphide catalyst ever reported so far due to the presence of the homo-junctions between the zinc blende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ) segments, which improved the separation of the photon generated electron–hole pairs. However, a further improvement in the catalytic activities of the twin crystal Zn0.5Cd0.5S solid solution has never been reported. In the present work, palladium phosphorous sulphide (PdP∼0.33S∼1.67) was used for the first time as a co-catalyst and found that the photocatalytic H2 production rate and efficiency of the twin nanocrystal Zn0.5Cd0.5S solid solution in the presence of acidic or alkaline sacrificial reagents were significantly enhanced. The H2 production rates of Zn0.5Cd0.5S/PdP∼0.33S∼1.67 under visible light illumination (λ > 420 nm) in 0.75 M ascorbic acid (pH = 2.39) and 0.7 M Na2S/0.5 M Na2SO3 (pH = 13.86) aqueous solutions are measured to be 372.12 μmol h−1 mg−1 and 246.04 μmol h−1 mg−1, respectively, which are 67 and 5.8 times higher than those of pristine twinned Zn0.5Cd0.5S solid solution. Moreover, the H2 production rate of 372.12 μmol h−1 mg−1 is the highest value ever reported so far for sulphide photocatalysts in the presence of acidic sacrificial reagents. The examination on the morphology of the Zn0.5Cd0.5S/PdP∼0.33S∼1.67 hybrid catalyst using SEM, TEM and HRTEM techniques revealed the presence of hetero-junctions between the deposited PdP∼0.33S∼1.67 and Zn0.5Cd0.5S phases, as well as homo-junctions between the ZB and WZ phases in this hybrid catalyst. The synergistic effects of homo- and hetero-junctions on the separation of the generated electron–hole pairs are responsible for the significantly promoted catalytic activities of the hybrid catalyst. This result suggests that combination of both homo- and hetero-junctions in one catalyst is a promising strategy for improving the catalytic activities of sulphide catalysts for hydrogen evolution from water.
Impact of Career Related Aspirations on Purposeful Career and Life in Millennials: Moderating and Mediatory Role of Perceived Fit and Career Related Aspirations.

What makes work meaningful? This study focused on the potential interplay between the antecedents of meaning in work. We proposed a theoretical framework modifying (Hong Zhang, 2019) model to include Organizational Climate as a mediator, explaining how career-related aspirations affect Purposeful Career and Life and how. We theorize career-related aspirations (Internal, Achievement, Leadership, and Education aspiration) affect Organizational Climate (Current innovative climate, Current hierarchical climate, and Current facilitative leadership). Positive climate gives purpose to career and work. Moreover, the effect of these aspirations on purposeful life was complemented by Perceived job Fit. The empirical validity of our model was established by conducting a survey using a Likert scale type close-ended questionnaire. Data were collected from 205 respondents working in different organizations of Karachi and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The result showed that there is a positive impact of achievement and internal aspiration on purposeful career and organizational climate while the educational and leadership aspirations have a positive impact on current facilitative leadership and current innovative climate but the negative impact on meaningful career and current hierarchical climate of the organization. Meaning in work has a positive impact on meaning in life but the effect of these aspirations on purposeful life were complemented by Perceived job Fit which is negative This research will help the policymakers to understand their needs &amp; make those policies through which they can retain the millennial in their organizations by sustaining their motivation level otherwise the continuous problem brain drain would become the root cause of the motivation.
Environmental Policy and Health: How Labor Market Imperfections Matter?

This is an improved version of the SSRN Working Paper untitled "Environment, Health and Labor Market" which can be found here: <a href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=2994662">https://ssrn.com/abstract=2994662</a>. <br><br>The paper re-examines the impact that an environmental tax has on people’s health and on economic output in the presence of labor market imperfections. It develops an inter-temporal general equilibrium search model of unemployment with pollution and endogenous health status, consistent with empirical evidence that unemployment is detrimental to health. Both short- and long-term effects are investigated. <br><br>The model demonstrates that the matching process and wage bargaining introduce new channels of transmission of environmental taxation into the economy. To assume a perfect labor market may lead to overestimating the positive impact of environmental taxation on health in the long-term while underestimating it in the short-term. Numerical simulations in the paper suggest that the existence of a pollution externality on health may produce a ”rebound effect”, rendering environmental policy less efficient at reducing pollution in both the short- and long- term. The simulations also suggest that, with the parameters chosen here, for the most heavily polluting economies (those with great scope for health improvement), greater market frictions mean greater health dividends can be expected from the environmental policy.
A Review on Deep Learning Techniques for Detecting Lung Cancer and Lung Image Annotation

Deep learning techniques played a major role in medical research along with convolutional neural networks (CNN) to detect various diseases from the scanned images. There are so many deep learning techniques available in the theory which can be more useful for lung cancer detection and annotations. This paper considered a detailed review on different types of deep learning techniques and their applications for medical image analysis to detect lung cancer using the possible best method in an accurate way. A critical review has been carried out throughout the paper to understand the current state-of-the-art for selecting an appropriate direction for future research.