Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-nesting migrations patterns of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Egyptian Red Sea

In order to identify the migratory pathways and foraging grounds of post-nesting Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Red Sea, we attached satellite transmitters to four females immediately after egg deposition and tracked them between 207 and 647 days. We identified four geographically distinct post-nesting habitat areas and migration paths from Zabargad Island, Egypt which was remarkable given our small sample size. Our shortest migration was 140 km and the longest 940 km, with the migrations and post-nesting habitat encompassing the boundaries of four of the seven Red Sea countries (Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and Saudi Arabia). The post-nesting habitats were located in shallow coastal habitat and three consisted of near-shore archipelagos. Two turtles moved past areas of suitable post-nesting habitat that was occupied by other turtles, which suggests that these turtles may be exhibiting fidelity to certain feeding and nesting sites. Our results suggest that regional and multi-national cooperation will be needed to protect sea turtles that nest on Zabargad Island, a nesting site that is important for Egypt and other Red Sea nations.
Occurrence of toxins resembling ciguatoxin, scaritoxin, and maitotoxin in a turban shell.

Investigation of the ether soluble fraction prepared from the viscera of a turban shell, Turbo argyrostoma, disclosed the presence of two toxins whose chromatographic behaviors resembled those of ciguatoxin and scaritoxin, respectively. Another toxin in the water soluble fraction was found to be closely related to maitotoxin on the basis of chromato-graphic behaviors, IR spectrum, and hydrolysis products which consisted of fatty acids, amino acids, and hexoses. Signs of toxicity in mice and fish were also indistinguishable from those induced by maitotoxin. From these results it may be reasonably said that the food poisoning which occurred in Marcus Island upon ingestion of the turban shell was due to ciguatera.
Effect of Belonolaimus longicaudatus on root parameters of St. Augustinegrass cultivars.

In Florida, St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) is the most commonly used turfgrass species. Sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus) is recognized as a limiting factor to St. Augustinegrass in Florida, where ‘Floratam’, a polyploid, is the predominant cultivar; although the use of new diploid cultivars is increasing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the root response of three cultivars, Floratam, and two diploid cultivars ‘Palmetto’ and ‘Captiva’ grown in plastic pots containing 650 cm3 of sand in a greenhouse to inoculation with 0, 50, or 300B. longicaudatus/pot. Ninety days after inoculation, nematodes were extracted from the complete soil volume of the pots and counted. Roots were washed clean of soil, scanned, and root lengths, mean root diameters, and mean root volume were measured. All cultivars were good hosts for B. longicaudatus, ‘Palmetto’ supported higher population densities than the other cultivars at the 50 nematode inoculation rate only. There were differences in reproductive factor (Rf) among the inoculation rates, where the 50 nematode inoculation rate (Pi) had an Rf of 0.52, and the 300 nematode inoculation rate had an Rf of 1.84. At Pi 300, the non-infested treatment had greater root lengths than inoculated for all cultivars, demonstrating that B. longicaudatus has a significant effect on St. Augustinegrass root development. Root diameter and volume were not affected by inoculation with B. longicaudatus. Root diameter and volume were higher for Floratam than for Palmetto or Captiva. Palmetto had greater root length than the other cultivars.
Antibiotic resistance gene abundance in feces of calves fed pirlimycin-dosed whole milk

Exposure to antibiotics has the potential to increase the incidence and proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the gut and fecal microbiome. Non-saleable, antibioticcontaining milk from cows treated with antibiotics (waste milk) is commonly fed to dairy calves but the effects of ingestion of antibiotics at an early age on the gut microbiome and the development of ARG in the naïve gut are not well understood. Pirlimycin, a lincosamide antibiotic acting against Gram positive bacteria through inhibiting protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosome, is commonly used as mastitis therapy. Lincosamides are also considered highly important in human medicine, often used against Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile infections. Emerging microbial resistance to pirlimycin is of concern for both animal and human health. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of early lincosamide antibiotic exposure on the abundance of ARG in feces of milk-fed calves. Eight female Holstein calves were blocked by age, paired by block, and randomly assigned to pasteurized whole milk (control; n = 4) or milk containing 0.2 mg/L of pirlimycin (treatment; n = 4). Calves were enrolled after receiving two colostrum feedings and were fed 5.68 L of pasteurized whole milk, treatment, or control, divided into two daily feedings, from d 1 to d 50 of age. After weaning calves were fed non-medicated starter grain ad libitum. Fecal samples were collected weekly until 85 d of age and freeze-dried. DNA was extracted using QiaAmp® Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit and qPCR was used to quantify the absolute abundance (gene copies/g of wet feces) and relative abundance (gene copies/copies of 16S rRNA genes) of erm(B), tet(O), tet(W) and 16S rRNA genes. Data was analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. Abundance of 16S rRNA
Genetic diversity of Colombian sheep by microsatellite markers

In Colombia the sheep production systems are managed under extensive conditions and mainly correspond to peasant production systems so their genetic management has led to increased homozygosity and hence productivity loss. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity in 549 individuals corresponding to 13 sheep breeds in Colombia, using a panel of 11 microsatellite molecular markers. One hundred and fifty seven alleles were found (average of 14.27 alleles/locus), with a range of observed and expected heterozygosity from 0.44 to 0.84 and 0.67 to 0.86, respectively. Thirty-three of 143 Hardy Weinberg tests performed showed significant deviations (p < 0.05) due to a general lack of heterozygous individuals. The Fis ranged from 0.01 in Corriedale to 0.15 for the Persian Black Head breed, suggesting that there are presenting low to moderate levels of inbreeding. Overall, Colombian sheep showed high levels of genetic diversity which is very important for future selection and animal breeding programs.
The Effect of Colour on the Numbers of Housefliesresting on Painted Surfaces

Colour perception in insects has been reviewed extensively by Weiss (1943,1944, 1946), who points out' that most of the available information indicatesthat light intensity is more important than wavelength' in producing reactions.However, von Frisch and others have shown that, for bees at least, there is adefinite wavelength discrimination (Wigglesworth 1939).
Kars Yöresindeki Koyunlarda Toxoplasma gondii'nin Seroprevalansi (1)

Summary Blood samples were taken randomly from 460 sheep in fourteen localities in Kars province. Abort cases, the age and breed of these animals were also recorded. Later on, all of the serum samples were tested by ELISA and 66 of these 460 serum samples were also tested by Sabin-Feldman Dye Test (SFDT). According to ELISA test results , seroprevalence of T. Gondii was 95.7% (440/460) in sheep in Kars province. Sero-positivity in sheep with aborting history was 97.4% (76/78). In addition 60 of 66 (90.9%) serum samples were positive for antibodies to T.gondii by SFDT. Seropositivity titers for SFDT were as follows; 1/16 in 29, 1/64 in 24, 1/256 in 3, and 1/1024 in 4 serum samples. There were no statistical significance among the localities where the serum samples were taken and also between the results of ELISA and SFDT.
Genetic diversity and phylogeny of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and its related species and varieties in the section Thea genus Camellia determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis

Summary The genetic diversity and molecular phylogeny of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and its 23 related species and varieties were investigated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Fifteen decamer oligonucleotide primers were selected from the 61 screened. A total of 102 polymorphic bands (6.8 diversity/primer) out of 107 reproducible products (7.1 fragments per primer) were amplified from the selected 15 primers, corresponding to 95.3% diversity of the amplification bands. The molecular phylogenetic dendrogram of section Thea was constructed using UPGMA and basing on Nei and Li’s similarity coefficient from pairwise comparisons of RAPD data between 24 species and varieties. According to the dendrogram, there were two groups, corresponding to 3- and 5-locule ovary in morphology. There were two and three subgroups in each group, respectively. The genetic relationship and the molecular phylogeny among section Thea were discussed. RAPD not only confirmed a large body of morphological classification and evolution of section Thea of the genus Camellia proposed in previous work, but also provided novel and robust evidence of the genetic diversity and phylogeny of the tea plant and its related species.
Reaction of Arabica coffee progenies derivative from Icatu to Meloidogyne paranaensis

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a reacao ao nematoide Meloidogyne paranaensis em progenies de cafe arabica derivadas do Icatu. O experimento foi conduzido em telado, no Instituto Agronomico do Parana (IAPAR), em Londrina, Parana, Brasil. Mudas com tres a quatro pares de folhas foram inoculadas com 5.000 ovos e juvenis de segundo estadio (J2) de Meloidogyne paranaensis. Foram avaliadas quatro progenies F4 de HN 87609 derivadas de ‘Icatu H4782-7-925’. Como padroes de suscetibilidade e resistencia, foram utilizados, respectivamente, Coffea arabica cv. Catuai Vermelho IAC 81 e C. arabica cv. IPR 100. O experimento foi instalado em blocos casualizados com 14 repeticoes e uma planta por parcela. As avaliacoes foram efetuadas 120 dias apos a inoculacao. Foram avaliados o numero de ovos e J2 por gramas de raiz (Nematoides∙g–1) e o fator de reproducao (FR). Para classificar os niveis de resistencia das progenies, foi utilizado o indice de suscetibilidade do hospedeiro (ISH). De acordo com Nematoides∙g–1, as progenies IAPAR 12232 e IAPAR 12231 nao diferiram estatisticamente do padrao resistente ‘IPR 100’. Todas as progenies F4 de HN 87609 foram altamente resistentes pelo ISH e apresentaram 100% das plantas classificadas como altamente resistentes ou resistentes. Portanto, a resistencia a M. paranaensis esta condicao homozigotica.
Two new genera of Caeninae (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae), with a cladistic analysis of the tribe Clypeocaenini

Abstract The new genera Mandelara n. gen. (type species M. immutata n. sp.) from South Africa and Papuaenis n. gen. (type species P. balkei n. sp.) from Papua New Guinea are described. Both genera are included in the tribe Clypeocaenini that is defined by a bulged frons and more or less protruding clypeus. A cladistic analysis recovers the Clypeocaeninae as monophyletic. Caenini + Tasmanocoenini are revealed as sister group to Clypeocanini, together constituting the subfamily Caeninae. A larval key in provided to the genera of Clypeocaenini.
Effects of the biocides on the culturable house dust-borne bacterial compositions and diversities

ABSTRACT Biocides are used ubiquitously in indoor environments, but knowledge is limited about how they impact indoor bacterial compositions and diversities. In this study, an in vitro experiment was conducted to demonstrate changes in the culturable house dust-borne bacterial compositions and diversities by exposures to three biocides of CuSO4 (CUS), triclosan (TRC), or benzalkonium chloride with respective concentrations of 90, 45, and 0.1 μg ml−1. The high-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial compositions and diversities. The α diversity analysis showed reductions in the species richness and evenness by exposures to CUS and TRC (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank tests). The β diversity analysis revealed the significant changes in the community memberships for CUS and TRC (p < 0.05, P-tests based on the Jaccard indices), which were thought due to selective bacterial inhibitions. The taxonomic analysis found the inhibitions of Enterococcus, Peptoniphilus, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia,Clostridium sensu stricto, and Stenotrophomonas. The findings of the present in vitro study provide important insights into how use of biocides in indoor environments affects bacterial compositions and diversities. Future in situ research is warranted to confirm how they impact indoor microbial compositions and diversities, which are thought to be important for human health.
Mid-distance re-sighting of a common bottlenose dolphin in the northern Adriatic Sea: insight into regional movement patterns

Understanding animal movement patterns is not only important for providing insight into their biology, but is also relevant to conservation planning. However, in aquatic and wide-ranging species such as cetaceans, this is often difficult. The common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is the most common cetacean in the northern and central Adriatic Sea and has been the focus of long-term studies in some areas. All of the studied local populations show a relatively high degree of site fidelity, but their movements, ranging patterns or connectivity are not well understood. On 24 and 26 April 2014 a single adult bottlenose dolphin was observed and photographed alive off the Slovenian coast. The same individual was found dead on the shores of Goro, Italy, on 5 May 2014, about 130 km from the two sighting locations. The well-marked dorsal fin made the identification straightforward. The dolphin was found freshly dead, suggesting it had died very recently prior to being found. This indicates that the reported movement was a real one, rather than an artefact of currents. Although single cases cannot provide the basis for making population-level inferences, our observation shows that northern Adriatic bottlenose dolphins can make substantial movements in short periods of time and suggests that such movements could be more common than currently documented. Comparisons among photo-ID catalogues and stranding events can be highly informative, as they can provide useful information with implications for the cross-border conservation of mobile marine predators.
CONSERVATION GENETICS OF THE GENUS Sus

Recent technical advances in biochemical and molecular biology make it possible to study the populationgenetics and phylogenetics using biological samples collected undestructively during field researches, or collectedfrom museum specimens. Applications of conservation genetics of the genus Susrangefrom the definition of a molecular phylogeny of the Suiformes to the description of boundaries between species and subspecies and theidentification of the origins of wild, feral, domestic or cross-breeded populations. In this paper I review informationon the genetic structure of west European wild pig populations, and present recent findings on nucleotide variabilityof mitochondrial DNA genes. The amplification of DNA through the polymerase chain reaction and following nucleotide sequencing of selected mitochondrial DNA genes, are effective methods which can be applied to describepatterns of within- and among- species genetic variability in the Suidae.
Characterization, genetic diversity and distribution of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris races causing black rot disease in cruciferous crops of India

Black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a disease of crucifer crops. The objective of this study was to characterize races of Xcc, their distribution and genetic diversity in India. Two hundred and seventeen isolates of bacteria were obtained from 12 different black rot-infected crucifer crops from 19 states of India; these were identified as Xcc based on morphology, hrpF gene and 16S rRNA gene based molecular markers and pathogenicity tests. Characterization of races was performed by using a set of seven differential crucifer hosts, comprising two cultivars of turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) and cultivars of Indian mustard (B. juncea), Ethiopian mustard (B. carinata), rapeseed mustard (B. napus), cauliflower (B. oleracea) and Savoy cabbage (B. oleracea var. sabauda). Races 1, 4 and 6 of Xcc were identified and, among these races, race 1 followed by race 4 dominated most of the states of India. Genetic diversity of the Indian isolates of Xcc was analysed using repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) including primers for REP (repetitive extragenic palindromic), ERIC (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus) and BOX (amplifying with BOX A1 R primer) repetitive elements. This method of fingerprinting grouped the isolates into 56 different DNA types (clusters) with a 75% similarity coefficient. Among these clusters, DNA types 22 and 53 contained two different races 1 and 4, whereas DNA type 12 contained races 1, 4 and 6. However, no clear relationship was observed between fingerprints and races, hosts or geographical origin.
Profiles of strong lines in K- dwarfs

A study of the profiles of strong lines in two stars € Eridani and Gmb 1830 has been done. The following lines were investigated: Hα; D 1 and D 2 lines of Na I ; H- and K-lines of Ca II ; and the infrared triplet lines of Ca II . Model atmospheres were constructed in the majority of cases investigated, using a scaled solar (T-τ) relation. Line profiles were then constructed. For € Eridani, all the profiles could be explained well with the use of solar composition and with effective temperature, T e = 5050° K. For Gmb 1830, all the profiles except Hα could be explained well with T e = 5000° K and hydrogen-to-metal ratio of twenty times the solar value, with sodium depleted more with respect to that of the solar value by a factor of 2. For Hα, the effect of convection is shown to have some effect. In a parallel calculation, it was found that the calculated and the observed profiles for the Sun do not agree if the Bohm-Vitense (T-τ) relation is used.
Biological Investigations with Radioactive Calcium and Strontium.∗

Summary The metabolism of calcium and strontium has been studied on normal animals with the radioactive isotopes of those elements. Uptake in the skeleton of different salts of strontium has been compared. These experiments have furnished two practical findings: (1) a method to irradiate the skeleton selectively for therapeutic purposes, (2) the secondary production of appreciable amounts of a long-lived radioactive yttrium, the most likely among the artificial radioactive elements now known, which may be substituted for radium as a penetrating gamma-ray source.
HISTOLOGY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN SKIN XXXV. THE NIPPLE AND AREOLA

SUMMARY. — The undersurface of the epidermis covering the tip of the nipple resembles that found in tactile surfaces; at the sides of the nipple the undersurface is more shallow, and in the areola it has an even, honeycombed appearance. These are distinctive structural signatures of the areas. The nipple is glabrous and the areola largely so. Lactiferous ducts and sebaceous and apocrine glands open only at the tip of the nipple, mostly grouped toward the centre. Glands of Montgomery (accessory mammary glands), clusters of large sebaceous glands, a few scattered eccrine sweat glands, some apocrine glands, and a few vellus hairs toward the periphery are the appendages of the areola. Lactiferous ducts and sebaceous glands contain numbers of melanotic melanocytes among their epithelial cells. Sensory nerve end‐organs are found only at the tip of the nipple; there are practically none demonstrable at the sides of the nipple or at the areola. Many nerves are loosely wrapped around the lactiferous ducts, from the lactiferous sinus to the surface. These are probably afferent nerve fibres that convey sensory impulses. Nipples and areolae have a bountiful framework of elastic fibres that give these structures rigidity and support, anchor smooth muscle fibres, keep the lactiferous ducts and sinuses from collapsing, and attach the epidermis. The nipples and areolae of women, men, girls, and boys are qualitatively identical hut quantitatively very different.
The Lichens of the Isle of Pines

The collection of lichens forming the basis of the present paper was made by Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Britton and Mr. Percy Wilson in February and March, I916. A few specimens were collected by Dr. 0. E. Jennings in I9ro. The collection is of unusual interest on account of the large representation, 67 numbers in all, of rock-inhabiting lichens. Very little is known about the rock lichens of the West Indies. The only important collection of them, hitherto, was made by W. R. Elliott in the islands of Dominica and St. Vincent in I891 and 1892; an account of Elliott's collections being given by Wainio in the London Journal of Botany for I896. Charles Wright's rich collection of the lichens of Cuba included very few specimens on rocks. This probably accounts, in part at least, for the relatively large number of new species described in this paper. The lichen flora of the Isle of Pines, so far as known at present, includes 49 genera with 127 species, of which I genus, 14 species, and I variety are new. Of the new species, i grow on rocks. Three of the new species are already known from other tropical localities, and until the rock lichens of Cuba are known it is obviously impossible to say how many species are endemic in the Isle of Pines. For the same reason, comparison of the lichen flora of the Isle of Pines with that of other islands in the West Indies would, at present, be valueless. It can be stated, however, that the number of distinctively tropical species is very large. In the following list, localities outside of the Isle of Pines are cited only in cases where the distribution is restricted or little known.
Is accelerated senescence a cost of reproduction

Senescence is the innate deterioration of the body, leading to a decline in adult fitness components such as life expectancy and fertility with advancing age. Not all age-related decline in performance is attributable to senescence. Injuries and the damaging effects of earlier diseases may show a higher incidence in older age groups but these insults are basically environmental in origin. However, if increasing age per se leads to a higher incidence of accidents or infection, then senescence is implicated. Detecting senescence in wild populations is problematic. Part of the reason is the purely practical one that longitudinal studies on marked individuals are required and numbers in the older age classes are often very low. Furthermore, the older individuals may well not be a random sample of the original cohort because their longevity may be attributable to individual characteristics that also lead to, for example, high fertility. In addition, senescence occurs against a background of other adaptive age-related changes in demographic characteristics. If growth continues during adult life, then both survival probability and fertility may show an increase during at least part of the lifespan (Charlesworth, 1980). Under these circumstances senescence may merely reduce the extent of these increases, rather than produce a net decline. Moreover, most wild animals and plants do not die of old age; many survival curves approximate to the negative exponential expected if death rate is constant with respect to age (Medawar, 1952), although others do show an age-related decline in survival probability or fertility (Charlesworth, 1980). The existence of senescence is often most clearly revealed when natural hazards are removed in captivity (Medawar, 1952).