Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controls on terrestrial carbon feedbacks by productivity versus turnover in the CMIP5 Earth System Models

Abstract. To better understand sources of uncertainty in projections of terrestrial carbon cycle feedbacks, we present an approach to separate the controls on modeled carbon changes. We separate carbon changes into four categories using a linearized, equilibrium approach: those arising from changed inputs (productivity-driven changes), and outputs (turnover-driven changes), of both the live and dead carbon pools. Using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations for five models, we find that changes to the live pools are primarily explained by productivity-driven changes, with only one model showing large compensating changes to live carbon turnover times. For dead carbon pools, the situation is more complex as all models predict a large reduction in turnover times in response to increases in productivity. This response arises from the common representation of a broad spectrum of decomposition turnover times via a multi-pool approach, in which flux-weighted turnover times are faster than mass-weighted turnover times. This leads to a shift in the distribution of carbon among dead pools in response to changes in inputs, and therefore a transient but long-lived reduction in turnover times. Since this behavior, a reduction in inferred turnover times resulting from an increase in inputs, is superficially similar to priming processes, but occurring without the mechanisms responsible for priming, we call the phenomenon "false priming", and show that it masks much of the intrinsic changes to dead carbon turnover times as a result of changing climate. These patterns hold across the fully coupled, biogeochemically coupled, and radiatively coupled 1 % yr−1 increasing CO2 experiments. We disaggregate inter-model uncertainty in the globally integrated equilibrium carbon responses to initial turnover times, initial productivity, fractional changes in turnover, and fractional changes in productivity. For both the live and dead carbon pools, inter-model spread in carbon changes arising from initial conditions is dominated by model disagreement on turnover times, whereas inter-model spread in carbon changes from fractional changes to these terms is dominated by model disagreement on changes to productivity in response to both warming and CO2 fertilization. However, the lack of changing turnover time control on carbon responses, for both live and dead carbon pools, in response to the imposed forcings may arise from a common lack of process representation behind changing turnover times (e.g., allocation and mortality for live carbon; permafrost, microbial dynamics, and mineral stabilization for dead carbon), rather than a true estimate of the importance of these processes.
Kostengünstige Automatisierung von älteren Werkzeugmaschinen im Kontext von Industrie 4.0

In vielen mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU) erfolgt die Maschinenbestückung noch weitestgehend von Hand. Gründe hierfür sind, dass automatisierte Lösungen mit hohen Anschaffungs- und Installationskosten verbunden sind. Diese hohen Kosten resultieren daraus, dass ältere Werkzeugmaschine häufig nicht für einen automatisierten Betrieb ausgelegt sind und es keine standardisierten Schnittstellen für die Kommunikation zwischen Maschine und externen Systemen gibt. Um einen kostengünstige Nachrüstung zu ermöglichen, wurde prototypisch eine sogenannte „WZM-ControlBox“ entwickelt, welche Steuerungssignale in ein OPC UA-Informationsmodell überführt bzw. die Informationen der Maschine in Signale umwandelt. Bei Maschinen, welche bereits über einen OPC UA Server verfügen, werden die Information in ein maschinenübergreifendes Informationsmodell übertragen. Es wird ein durchgehendes Konzept vorgestellt, welches durch die Bereitstellung einer standardisierten Abstract In many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), machine loading is still done by hand. The reasons for this are that automated solutions are associated with high acquisition and installation costs. These high costs result from the fact that older machine tools are often not designed for automated operation and there are no standardized interfaces for commu-nication between the machine and external systems. In order to enable cost-effective retrofitting, a prototype "WZM-ControlBox" was developed, which converts control signals into an OPC UA information model or converts the information back into signals. For machines that already have an OPC UA server, the information is mapped to a cross-machine information model. A continuous concept is presented, which enables the automation of older as well as new machines by providing a standardized interface.
Polyphasic Characterization of a Potential Novel Cellulolytic Bacterium Brevibacillus Brevis Strain St-2

The tremendous commercial potential of cellulases in a variety of applications remains the driving force for research in this area. The present study was aimed at isolation and screening of promising cellulolytic strains from locally collected soil samples. A promising cellulose degrading bacterial strain designated as St-2 was isolated from agricultural field. Optimization of fermentation media ingredients and environmental factors were done for optimizing growth of the strain which facilitates effective cellulase production. St-2 showed luxuriant growth on sucrose, lactose, mannitol and inositol whereas the growth was moderate on dextrose and fructose. The strain was able to grow in a wide range of pH (5-11) and temperature (4-45 C) and was tolerant to up to 6% (w/v) of NaCl concentration in the medium. The results indicate wide spectrum adaptability of the strain to variable pH, temperatures and saline concentrations that makes it an advantageous organism to survive in the fluctuating environmental conditions. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme production were 7 (with 2.11 U/ml CMCase activities and 2.22 U/ml FPase activities) and 37C (with 1.73 U/ml CMCase activities and 1.92 U/ml FPase activities), respectively. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the strain were consistent with those of the genus Brevibacillus. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain St-2 showed a similarity score of 99% with Brevibacillusbrevis(GeneBank Accession No. AB271756) having BLAST score ranging between 821 to 827 bits.
Thailand Industrial Competitiveness; Enhancing the Logistics and Supply Chain Management Scheme for Thai's Manufacturing

The purpose of this paper was to describe the state of logistics measurement in Thai industry. The study explores relations between manufacturing and their competitive performance based on the methodology of performance measuring systems, applying to the measurement of both tangible and intangible assets, and also measuring supply chain performance internally and externally. The framework developed enhance the use of metrics strategy across all organization, this metrics are a fundamental part of strategy, goals, key performance areas, process elements and activities, enabling evaluating defined goals, leading to decision making and the implementation of improvement actions. In addition, theory regarding the logistics scorecard model measurement was tested. The design of this paper included Top 5 Manufacturing’s that holding high value in inventory cost. Case studies and the assessment completed by professional logistics and supply chain consultants from Private sector, Government sector and Academic sector. Considerable analysis was performed to enhance the understanding of industrial competitiveness in Thai manufacturing supply chain.
THE EFFECT OF LEVERAGE ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN BRAZIL

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the relation between the leverage ratio and the managers’ decision to manage earnings in Brazil. Using abnormal accruals as a proxy for earnings management we design a linear regression model to capture the relation between these two variables. We use three models of discretionary accruals as proxy for earnings management. First one was the Jones model. Proposed by Jones (1991), the second model was the Modified Jones model, proposed by Dechow, Sloan and Sweeney (1995). The third one was the KS model, proposed by Kang and Sivaramakrishnan (1995), which uses an instrumental variable approach to correct for endogenous variables. Using a linear regression method with observation from 1994 to 2010 firms all BMF&Bovespa listed firms we try to model the relationship between earnings management and the leverage ratio. We also control our model for the cost of capital and the natural logarithm of total assets. We used the assets natural logarithm to control for firm size and the firm cost of debt to try to remove precious known endogeneity in the proposed model. Our final results show no relations between the leverage ratio and earnings management. These results contribute to the literature that examines the effect of opportunistic behavior on earnings management that examines the leverage/earnings management relation. Moreover the main findings suggest that there is a beneficial consequence of debt because the increased debt might reduce manager’s discretionary spending, and in turn, reduces accrual earnings management.
Geological Hazards analysis in Urban Tunneling by EPB Machine (Case study: Tehran subway line 7 tunnel)

Technological progress in tunneling has led to modern and efficient tunneling methods in vast underground spaces even under inappropriate geological conditions. Identification and access to appropriate and sufficient geological hazard data are key elements to successful construction of underground structures. Choice of the method, excavation machine, and prediction of suitable solutions to overcome undesirable conditions depend on geological studies and hazard analysis. Identifying and investigating the ground hazards in excavating urban tunnels by an EPB machine could augment the strategy for improving soil conditions during excavation operations. In this paper, challenges such as geological hazards, abrasion of the machine cutting tools, clogging around these tools and inside the chamber, diverse work front, severe water level fluctuations, existence of water, and fine-grained particles in the route were recognized in a study of Tehran subway line 7, for which solutions such as low speed boring, regular cutter head checks, application of soil improving agents, and appropriate grouting were presented and discussed. Due to the presence of fine particles in the route, foam employment was suggested as the optimum strategy where no filler is needed.
Structure and evolution of FK Comae corona

FK Comae (HD 117555) is a rapidly rotating single G giant whose distinctive characteristics include a quasisinusoidal optical light curve and high X-ray luminosity. FK Comae was observed twice at two weeks interval in January 2001 by the XMM-Newton space observatory. Analysis results suggest a scenario where the corona of FK Comae is dominated by large magnetic structures similar in size to interconnecting loops between solar active regions but significantly hotter. The interaction of these structures themselves could explain the permanent flaring activity on large scales that is responsible for heating FK Comae plasma to high temperatures. During our observations, these flares were not randomly distributed on the star surface but were partly grouped within a large compact region of about 30 degree extent in longitude reminiscent of a large photospheric spot. We argue that the $\alpha-\Omega$ dynamo driven activity on FK Comae will disappear in the future with the effect of suppressing large scale magnetic structures in its corona.
Beauty Is Not Simplicity: An Analysis of Mathematicians' Proof Appraisals

What do mathematicians mean when they use terms such as 'deep', 'elegant', and 'beautiful'? By applying empirical methods developed by social psychologists, we demonstrate that mathematicians' appraisals of proofs vary on four dimensions: aesthetics, intricacy, utility, and precision. We pay particular attention to mathematical beauty and show that, contrary to the classical view, beauty and simplicity are almost entirely unrelated in mathematics.
Vapor Sensing Using Conjugated Molecule-Linked Au Nanoparticles in a Silica Matrix

Cross-linked assemblies of nanoparticles are of great value as chemiresistor-type sensors. Herein, we report a simple method to fabricate a chemiresistor-type sensor that minimizes the swelling transduction mechanism while optimizing the change in dielectric response. Sensors prepared with this methodology showed enhanced chemoselectivity for phosphonates which are useful surrogates for chemical weapons. Chemoselective sensors were fabricated using an aqueous solution of gold nanoparticles that were then cross-linked in the presence of the silica precursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate with the -, -dithiolate (which is derived from the in situ deprotection of 1,4-di(Phenylethynyl-,-diacetylthio)-benzene (1) with wet triethylamine). The cross-linked nanoparticles and silica matrix were drop coated onto interdigitated electrodes having 8 m spacing. Samples were exposed to a series of analytes including dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), octane, and toluene. A limit of detection was obtained for each analyte. Sensors assembled in this fashion were more sensitive to dimethyl methylphosphonate than to octane by a factor of 1000.
Contributions of Computational Aeroacoustics to Jet Noise Research and Prediction

A brief review of recent progress in the field of computational aeroacoustics (CAA) is proposed. This paper is complementary to the previous reviews of Tam [(1995a) “Computational aeroacoustics: issues and methods”, AIAA J. 33(10), 1788–1796], Lele [(1997) “Computational Aeroacoustics: a review”, AIAA Paper 97–0018, 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada] and Glegg [(1999) “Recent advances aeroacoustics: the influence of computational fluid dynamics”, 6th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, Copenhagen, Danemark, 5–8 July, 43–58] on advances in CAA. After a short introduction concerning the current motivations of jet noise studies, connections between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and CAA using hybrid approaches are discussed in the first part. The most spectacular advances are probably provided by the direct computation of jet noise, and some recent results are shown in the second part.
Effect of Career Indecision on Stress: The Moderating Role of Resilience

Present study was intended to explore the relationship among career decidedness, resilience and stress among adolescents. The study was conducted on six hundred senior secondary school students’ age ranging from 15 to 19 years with a mean age of 17 years. These subjects were selected from various schools of Haryana state following randomized technique. They were tested by administering Career Decidedness Scale, Resilience Scale and Perceived Stress Scale. The obtained data were analyzed by using hierarchical multiple regression in order to test the stated speculation. It was observed that resilience found to be moderated the relationship between career indecision and stress depression among subjects. These reported findings were discussed in the light of relevant literature.
Optimization of unequal-active-and-passive-area piezoelectric unimorph cantilevers with collisions for ultra-thin keyboard design

The purpose of this study is to optimize the design of piezoelectric unimorph cantilevers, for ultra-thin keyboard design, so that the first resonant frequency is located in the sensitive frequency range and the first resonant amplitude is above the perception threshold of human hands for vibratory stimulus. The piezoelectric unimorphs used in this study have unequal active and passive areas. Simulations and experiments were first compared to find the effects of the dimensions on the first resonant frequency and displacement frequency response without collisions. A finite element model with collisions based on the verified boundary conditions was then built. Both the experiment data and simulation data was combined to build a regression model to predict the first resonant frequency with collisions for ultra-thin keyboard design. This study can help designers quickly design a vibrotactile device, in the early design stage.
Assessing the impacts of nonindigenous marine macroalgae: an update of current knowledge

Abstract Nonindigenous marine species continue to be one of the foremost threats to marine biodiversity. As an update to a 2007 review of the impacts of introduced macroalgae, we assessed 142 additional publications to describe species’ impacts as well as to appraise information on the mechanisms of impact. Only 10% of the currently known nonindigenous macroalgal species were subjects of ecological impact studies, with changed community composition as the most commonly reported effect. Economic impacts were rarely published. Recent research has focused on the impacts of introduced macroalgal assemblages: red algal introductions to the Hawaiian Islands and turf algae in the Mediterranean. Several general issues were apparent. First, many publications included nonsignificant results of statistical analyses but did not report associated power. As many of the studies also had low effect and sample size, the potential for type II errors is considerable. Second, there was no widely accepted framework to categorize and compare impacts between studies. Information in this updated review was still too sparse to identify general patterns and mechanisms of impact. This is a critical knowledge gap as rates of introductions and hence impacts of nonindigenous macroalgae are expected to accelerate with climate change and increasing global trade connectivity.
Is there room for all of us? Renewable energy and Xerospermophilus mohavensis

Mohave ground squirrels Xerosper- mophilus mohavensis Merriam are small ground- dwelling rodents that have a highly restricted range in the northwest Mojave Desert, California, USA. Their small natural range is further reduced by habitat loss from agriculture, urban develop- ment, military training and recreational activities. Development of wind and solar resources for re - newable energy has the potential to further re - duce existing habitat. We used maximum entropy habitat models with observation data to describe current potential habitat in the context of future renewable energy development in the region. While 16% of historic habitat has been impacted by, or lost to, urbanization at present, an additional 10% may be affected by renewable energy devel- opment in the near future. Our models show that X. moha vensis habitat suitability is higher in areas slated for renewable energy development than in surrounding areas. We provide habitat maps that can be used to develop sampling designs, evaluate conservation corridors and inform development planning in the region.
Color image encryption by code image and hill algorithm

Today in a digital world, protection of information plays an essential role in message exchange and trading. Encryption is used to meet the security needs of safe transaction. Regarding the importance of the issue and the shift of traditional stage to digital stage, familiarity with encryption methods seems necessary. Different data have different methods of encryption. Images are also one type of data for which encryption is critically needed to prevent impermissible access. In this article, first a primary image is selected, then, based on the proportion of the image needing encryption, pixels from code image are picked and is being encrypted by a function. In the next stage, this proportion is being XOR-ed by the pixel proportion of the image needing encryption, and eventually the final proportion is encrypted by Hill Algorithm. MATLAB software has been used for studying the project, and efficiency of this method, in comparison to Hill Algorithm as a standard algorithm, is investigated. At the end, maintaining the image quality after decryption is evaluated by standards such as PSNR and SSID. The results indicate high efficiency of this method.
Access and Use of Digital Resources for Learning in a Digitized Upper Secondary School

This paper presents findings about students’ access and use of digital resources for learning in a digitized upper secondary school. The data comes from a project about a group of teachers working with a lesson design in order to integrate ICT in their teaching. A part of this lesson design was to use flipped movies for instruction and the discussion in this paper takes its starting point in the flipped movies. The access and use of this flipped movies are compared to other digital resources distributed to the students during the project. Different kind of data material were used for this paper; a student survey, focus group interviews with students, teacher interviews, a group evaluation with teachers and logged activity on the LMS. For the analysis methodological triangulation was applied and the ecology of resources was used as an analytical lens.
High-resolution abundance analysis of very metal-poor r-I stars

Moderately r-process-enriched stars (r-I) are at least four times as common as those that are greatly enriched in r-process elements (r-II), and the abundances in their atmospheres are important tools for obtaining a better understanding of the nucleosynthesis processes responsible for the origin of the elements beyond the iron peak. The main aim of this work is to derive abundances for a sample of seven metal-poor stars with classified as r-I stars, to understand the role of these stars for constraining the astrophysical nucleosynthesis event(s) that is(are) responsible for the production of the r-process, and to investigate whether they differ, in any significant way, from the r-II stars. We carried out a detailed abundance analysis based on high-resolution spectra obtained with the VLT/UVES spectrograph. The OSMARCS LTE 1D model atmosphere grid was employed, along with the spectrum synthesis code Turbospectrum. We have derived abundances of light elements Li, C, and N, alpha-elements, odd-Z elements, iron-peak elements, and the trans-iron elements from the first peak, the second peak, the third peak, and the actinides regions. The results are compared with values for these elements for r-II and normal very and extremely metal-poor stars reported in the literature, ages based on radioactive chronometry are explored using different models, and a number of conclusions about the r-process and the r-I stars are presented. Hydrodynamical models were used for some elements, and general behaviors for the 3D corrections were presented.
Determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Levels in Kangal Dogs with Maternal Cannibalism

Oxidative stress, which plays an active role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, continues to be relevant in assessing the condition changes such as aggression. Some of Kangal dogs have been found to eat their own puppies during their first 24 hours following birth, as a case called maternal cannibalism. The present study aims to determine the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a product of lipid peroxidation, and serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, which are the parameters of antioxidant defense system, and total protein and albumin levels and to show their relationship with cannibalism. The study material consists of blood and blood serum of 30 Kangal dog breed in total, 15 of which have maternal cannibalism and 15 haven’t observed maternal cannibalism as a control group. Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde levels were investigated by means of spectrophotometric method in blood serum of these animals. The difference between the mean values of total protein, GPx, SOD, MDA and albumin was statistically significant in the results obtained. These findings conclude that oxidative stress and antioxidative metabolism plays a role in the pathogenesis of cannibalism in dogs.