Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis and System Design on an Underwater Glider Propelled by Temperature Difference Energy

As a new kind of autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV),an underwater glider has valuable applications in oceanographic survey or in ocean exploration.Different from underwater gliders propelled by electrical energy,an underwater glider propelled by ocean environmental energy(temperature difference energy) was developed in the paper.Dynamic model of the underwater glider was! established using Gibbs-Appell equations.Trajectory simulation was carried out to obtain the kinematic parameters in the vertical plane.Based on dynamic behavior of the underwater glider,mechanical structure,attitude mechanism,thermal engine and control devices were designed.Experimental results of lake trials show the principle feasibility of the underwater glider propelled by temperature difference energy.The power of thermal engine designed is 47 W.The thermal engine can be used for underwater gliders.
Spatial Distribution of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Rice

Abstract Rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a destructive insect pest of rice in the United States. The pruning of rice roots by L. oryzophilus larvae can cause up to 25% yield loss. Currently, insecticidal seed treatments are used in the Louisiana rice industry as a pre-emptive means of controlling this weevil species. Our objective was to gain a better understanding of the spatial distribution of L. oryzophilus in Louisiana rice fields. Thirteen untreated commercial rice fields in Louisiana were mapped using GPS software, and surveyed for L. oryzophilus larvae over two years (2017 and 2018). An ANOVA, spatial interpolation, hotspot analysis, and multiple linear regression were used to determine where populations of L. oryzophilus were concentrated and whether distributions of the pest were related to edge effects. The results showed that L. oryzophilus larvae are typically aggregated along the edges of rice fields, with populations decreasing toward the center of rice fields. Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus densities were 3.3- and 2.2- fold greater along field edges than in field centers in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Hotspot spatial analysis revealed 59% and 32% of low-density clusters occurred at or near field centers, respectively. Multiple linear regression revealed larval densities decline with increasing distance from overwintering sites and alternative habitats (such as tree lines and levees containing bunch grasses and other alternative noncrop plants). These results suggest potential for insecticidal seed treatments to be applied selectively within rice fields to control this pest. Graphical Abstract
Contribution of nicotinamide as an intracyclic N dopant to the structure and properties of carbon dots synthesized using three α-hydroxy acids as C sources

Fixed carbon source and different dopants are mainly used to study the effect of heteroatoms on the structure and properties of carbon dots (CDs). As reactants, some dopants with conjugated structure and high nitrogen content may have important contributions to the structure and properties of doped CDs in addition to providing heteroatoms. Herein, to study the effect of fixed dopant on the structure and properties of CDs, three different CDs were synthesized using nicotinamide (NAA) and three common α-hydroxy acids (4–5 carbon atoms), and the optimal conditions were determined by orthogonal experimentation. Transmission electron microscopic micrographs showed that the average size of CDs based on nicotinamide are relatively large, up to 19.40 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that these CDs have graphite nitrogen and several functional group structures. Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra, and fluorescence lifetime illustrated that these CDs have similar emission centers (460–470 nm) and fluorescence processes. The influence of carbon source on the surface structure of CDs was determined by systematically analyzing the response of these CDs in different pH ranges. DFT calculations revealed the distribution characteristics of the electrons in the excited state at the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of CDs. All the above characterizations and calculations proved that NAA is a desirable dopant with an important contribution to the structure and properties of CDs.
Li‐ion battery dynamics model parameter estimation using datasheets and particle swarm optimization

Dynamics modeling is of fundamental importance to Li‐ion battery design and manufacturing. Accurate dynamics models established can be used to optimize the operation strategy, manage the life cycle, and thus ensure the economic and safe operation of the batteries. The Li‐ion dynamics model examined in this paper has integrated both empirical and electrochemical aspects, and it has been specifically validated for electric vehicle applications using experimental data. Previously, the model parameter estimation was done by manually picking three key points from the discharge curve obtained from the datasheet. The approach is quite subjective and error prone. The resulted model may deviate greatly from the experimental curve. To address this issue, this paper proposes to use particle swarm optimization to more objectively estimate the model parameters. Results from case studies show that the proposed approach provides more accurate estimation of the true parameters, and thus the new approach can more precisely capture the battery dynamics. In addition, this approach is generic because it is independent of specific battery chemistries and applicable to many different types of Li‐ion batteries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relative Contributions of Pseudohypoxia and Inflammation to Peritoneal Alterations with Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Long-term peritoneal dialysis is associated with alterations in peritoneal function, like the development of high small solute transfer rates and impaired ultrafiltration. Also, morphologic changes can develop, the most prominent being loss of mesothelium, vasculopathy, and interstitial fibrosis. Current research suggests peritoneal inflammation as the driving force for these alterations. In this review, the available evidence for inflammation is examined and a new hypothesis is put forward consisting of high glucose-induced pseudohypoxia. Hypoxia of cells is characterized by a high (oxidized-reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide ratio) NADH-NAD+ ratio in their cytosol. Pseudohypoxia is similar but occurs when excessive amounts of glucose are metabolized, as is the case for peritoneal interstitial cells in peritoneal dialysis. The glucose-induced high NADH-NAD+ ratio upregulates the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene, which stimulates not only the glucose transporter-1 gene but also many profibrotic genes like TGFβ, vascular endothelial growth factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and connective tissue growth factor, all known to be involved in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. This review discusses the causes and consequences of pseudohypoxia in peritoneal dialysis and the available options for treatment and prevention. Reducing peritoneal exposure to the excessively high dialysate glucose load is the cornerstone to avoid the pseudohypoxia-induced alterations. This can partly be done by the use of icodextrin or by combinations of low molecular mass osmotic agents, all in a low dose. The addition of alanyl-glutamine to the dialysis solution needs further clinical investigation.
Assessment of Staphylococcal Clinical Isolates from Periprosthetic Joint Infections for Potential Bacteriophage Therapy

Background: Bacteriophage therapy is a potential adjunctive treatment for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) given the capabilities of bacteriophages to degrade biofilms, self-replicate, and lyse bacteria. However, many aspects of this therapeutic are ill-defined, and the narrow spectrum of bacteriophage activity along with limited available bacteriophage strains curb potential use for specific bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus at the present time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using bacteriophages for PJI by (1) categorizing the causative organisms in hip and knee PJI at a tertiary academic center and (2) evaluating in vitro activity of a group of bacteriophages against clinical S. aureus PJI isolates. Methods: Patients with chronic hip or knee PJI after undergoing the first stage of a 2-stage revision protocol from 2017 to 2020 were identified retrospectively by a query of the hospital billing database. The causative pathogens in 129 cases were reviewed and categorized. From this cohort, preserved S. aureus isolates were tested against a library of 15 staphylococcal bacteriophages to evaluate for bacterial growth inhibition over 48 hours. Results: S. aureus was the most common pathogen causing PJI (26% [33] of 129 cases). Of 29 S. aureus samples that were analyzed for bacteriophage activity, 97% showed adequate growth inhibition of the predominant planktonic colonies by at least 1 bacteriophage strain. However, 24% of the 29 samples demonstrated additional smaller, slower-growing S. aureus colonies, none of which had adequate growth inhibition by any of the initial 14 bacteriophages. Of 5 secondary colonies that underwent subsequent testing with another bacteriophage with enhanced biofilm activity, 4 showed adequate growth inhibition. Conclusions: Effective bacteriophage therapeutics are potentially available for S. aureus PJI isolates. The differences in bacteriophage activity against the presumed small-colony variants compared with the planktonic isolates have important clinical implications. This finding suggests that bacteriophage attachment receptors differ between the different bacterial morphologic states, and supports future in vitro testing of bacteriophage therapeutics against both planktonic and stationary states of PJI clinical isolates to ensure activity.
A Musculoskeletal Multibody Algorithm Based On a Novel Rheonomic Constraints Definition Applied to the Lower Limb.

In this paper a multibody model was developed in the framework of biotribology of lower limb artificial joints. The presented algorithm performs the inverse dynamics of musculoskeletal systems with the aim to achieve a tool for the calculation of the joint reaction forces. The revolute joint, the cam joint, the spherical joint and the free joint were considered in the analysed lower limb system by introducing a novel analytical formulation of the rheonomic constraint equations based on the quaternions theory. Within the kinematical analysis the curved muscle paths were modelled by simulating their geodesic wrapping over bony surfaces and the muscle actuation states were formulated through the Hill muscle model. The developed analytical model written in Matlab environment allowed to follow the classical musculoskeletal analysis pipeline (kinematical analysis, inverse dynamics and static optimization) applied to the lower limb during the gait kinematics. The objective was to compare the calculated hip joint reactions with the ones obtained in vivo by Bergmann which are established as a reference input for total hip replacements lubrication models, in order to assume the developed algorithm as a fully open and controllable synovial joint tribological configuration generator tool, useful to be coupled with numerical lubrication/contact models in the framework of the artificial joints in silico wear analysis and prediction.
Considerations and opportunities for multilevel HPV vaccine communication interventions.

From 2016 to 2019, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded three Special Interest Projects focused on developing and testing multilevel HPV vaccination communication interventions. In this commentary, we highlight lessons learned from the funded projects, including the importance of engaging community members in the early stages of the research process, the challenges of evaluating multilevel interventions, and the need to consider stakeholder implementation preferences.
Does Unprecedented ICU Capacity Strain, As Experienced During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Impact Patient Outcome?

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether patients admitted to an ICU during times of unprecedented ICU capacity strain, during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, experienced a higher risk of death. DESIGN: Multicenter, observational cohort study using routine clinical audit data. SETTING: Adult general ICUs participating the Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre Case Mix Programme in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. PATIENTS: One-hundred thirty-thousand six-hundred eighty-nine patients admitted to 210 adult general ICUs in 207 hospitals. INTERVENTIONS: Multilevel, mixed effects, logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between levels of ICU capacity strain on the day of admission (typical low, typical, typical high, pandemic high, and pandemic extreme) and risk-adjusted hospital mortality. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, compared with patients admitted during periods of typical ICU capacity strain, we found that COVID-19 patients admitted during periods of pandemic high or pandemic extreme ICU capacity strain during the first wave had no difference in hospital mortality, whereas those admitted during the pandemic high or pandemic extreme ICU capacity strain in the second wave had a 17% (odds ratio [OR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.30) and 15% (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00–1.31) higher odds of hospital mortality, respectively. For non-COVID-19 patients, there was little difference in trend between waves, with those admitted during periods of pandemic high and pandemic extreme ICU capacity strain having 16% (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08–1.25) and 30% (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.14–1.48) higher overall odds of acute hospital mortality, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For patients admitted to ICU during the pandemic, unprecedented levels of ICU capacity strain were significantly associated with higher acute hospital mortality, after accounting for differences in baseline characteristics. Further study into possible differences in the provision of care and outcome for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients is needed.
Chidamide plus prednisone, etoposide, and thalidomide for untreated angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma in a Chinese population: A multicenter phase II trial

Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) is a common type of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) with a poor prognosis, and an effective first‐line therapy is lacking. Chidamide is a selective histone deacetylase inhibitor and has been approved by the China Food and Drug Administration for relapsed or refractory PTCL. We conducted a multicenter phase II clinical trial combining chidamide with prednisone, etoposide, and thalidomide (CPET regimen) for a total of eight cycles in untreated AITL patients in China. The primary objectives were the overall response rate (ORR) and complete remission (CR) rate after eight cycles of the CPET regimen. The secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and safety. Of the 71 enrolled patients, 51 completed the eight cycles of the CPET regimen. The ORR and CR of the 51 patients were 90.2 and 54.9%, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 11.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.9–17.0), the median PFS of the 51 patients was 42.6 months (95% CI, 27.7—not reached) and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached. The 2‐year PFS rate and OS rate were 66.5 and 82.2%, respectively. Sixty‐eight patients received at least one cycle of CPET regimen and were included as the safety assessment population. The most common grade 3/4 adverse event was neutropenia (n = 22, 32.3%). Twelve patients showed treatment‐related infections and recovered from antibiotic therapy; the other adverse events were mostly mild and reversible. The oral CPET regimen is an effective, tolerable, and economical choice for untreated AITL in a Chinese population. This trial was registered in www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT03273452.
Evaluating a motivational and psycho‐educational self‐help intervention for athletes with mild eating disorder symptoms: A mixed methods feasibility study

Abstract Objective The primary aim was to assess the feasibility of undertaking a study evaluating the novel Motivational and Psycho‐Educational Self‐Help Programme for Athletes with Mild Eating Disorder Symptoms (MOPED‐A). A mixed‐methods approach was adopted to explore the feasibility of recruiting and retaining participants, and to evaluate the acceptability of measures, procedures and the intervention. A secondary aim was to explore the potential efficacy of MOPED‐A in reducing athletes' eating disorder symptoms. Method Thirty‐five athletes were recruited. Participation involved completing MOPED‐A over a 6‐week period and completing self‐report measures at baseline (T1), post‐intervention (T2) and 4‐week follow‐up (T3). A subsample (n = 15) completed an interview at T2. Results Retention was good throughout the study (n = 28; 80%). Quantitative and qualitative feedback suggested the format, delivery, content and dosage of MOPED‐A were acceptable. Athletes valued that the intervention was tailored to them, and this facilitated both participation and completion. Over a third of participants reported disclosing their eating difficulties and deciding to seek further support. Large reductions in eating disorder symptoms were detected at T2 and sustained at T3. Conclusions The MOPED‐A intervention can be feasibly implemented, is acceptable to participants, and demonstrates potential for reducing symptoms in athletes. A larger, controlled trial is warranted.
Porous diaphragm syndrome presenting as hemothorax secondary to hemoperitoneum after laparoscopic myomectomy: A case report and literature review

Porous diaphragm syndrome includes all pleural cavity conditions, including pleural effusion, hemothorax, or pneumothorax, that occur secondary to peritoneal cavity disorders through defects in the diaphragm. In this report, we describe the first known case of porous diaphragm syndrome presenting as hemothorax after laparoscopic myomectomy. A 46‐year‐old nulliparous woman underwent laparoscopic myomectomy for multiple fibroids. Eight hours after surgery, the patient developed exertional dyspnea followed by hemoptysis. Radiological diagnosis revealed massive hemothorax in the right thoracic cavity. Thoracoscopic findings showed the presence of small fenestrae at the center of the right diaphragm, which were repaired thoracoscopically. Hence, quick postoperative diagnosis resulted in successful treatment. In this case, porous diaphragm syndrome is believed to be caused by retention of intraoperative bleed and saline from intra‐abdominal lavage, in the abdominal cavity. Porous diaphragm syndrome is a potential life‐threatening condition that gynecological surgeons should consider in this era of laparoscopic surgery.
Melatonin supplementation improves N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels and quality of life in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Results from MeHR trial, a randomized clinical trial

Melatonin, the major secretion of the pineal gland, has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and might advantage heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) by attenuating the effects of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone and sympathetic system on the heart besides its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects.
Anti‐obesity effects of Chenpi: an artificial gastrointestinal system study

The gut microbiota plays a significant role in human health; however, the complex relationship between gut microbial communities and host health is still to be thoroughly studied and understood. Microbes in the distal gut contribute to host health through the biosynthesis of vitamins and essential amino acids and the generation of important metabolic by‐products from dietary components that are left undigested by the small intestine. Aged citrus peel (Chenpi) is used in traditional Chinese medicine to lower cholesterol, promote weight loss and treat various gastrointestinal symptoms. This study investigated how the microbial community changes during treatment with Chenpi using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME). Two preparations of Chenpi extract were tested: Chenpi suspended in oil only and Chenpi in a viscoelastic emulsion. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured during treatment to monitor changes in the microbial community of the colon presenting a decrease in production for acetic, propionic and butyric acid (ANOVA (P < 0.001) during the 15 days of treatment. 16S rRNA sequencing of microbial samples showed a clear difference between the two treatments at the different sampling times (ANOSIM P < 0.003; ADOSIM P < 0.002 [R2 = 69%]). Beta diversity analysis by PcoA showed differences between the two Chenpi formulations for treatment day 6. These differences were no longer detectable as soon as the Chenpi treatment was stopped, showing a reversible effect of Chenpi on the human microbiome. 16S rRNA sequencing of microbial samples from the descending colon showed an increase in Firmicutes for the treatment with the viscoelastic emulsion. At the genus level, Roseburia, Blautia, Subdoligranulum and Eubacterium increased in numbers during the viscoelastic emulsion treatment. This study sheds light on the anti‐obesity effect of a polymethoxyflavone (PMFs)‐enriched Chenpi extract and creates a foundation for the identification of ‘obesity‐prevention’ biomarkers in the gut microbiota.
Characterization of Amino Acid Substitution W20S in MgrB Involved in Polymyxin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are designated critical pathogens by the World Health Organization. Polymyxins (i.e., polymyxin B and colistin) are last-resort antibiotics and particularly useful against these multidrug-resistant bacteria. ABSTRACT In the major human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae, MgrB inactivation by disruptive insertion sequence (IS) elements and mutations leading to early termination are known to play an important role in polymyxin resistance. In this study, we examined a collection of invasive blaKPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae isolates belonging to the high-risk clone sequence type 258 (ST258) displaying high rates of resistance to many antimicrobials, including polymyxins. We identified a deleterious substitution (W20S) in MgrB and confirmed by genetic complementation analysis that this variant was inactive, leading to increased polymyxin B and colistin MICs. IMPORTANCE Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are designated critical pathogens by the World Health Organization. Polymyxins (i.e., polymyxin B and colistin) are last-resort antibiotics and particularly useful against these multidrug-resistant bacteria. In Klebsiella pneumoniae, the inactivation of MgrB, a negative regulator of PhoPQ, was shown to be the major pathway leading to colistin resistance. While gene disruption by insertion sequence (IS) elements and mutations leading to early termination (stop codons) are frequent, deleterious mutations are not observed frequently and have not been characterized. Here, we identified a deleterious substitution (W20S) in MgrB among a collection of bloodstream infection, blaKPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae sequence type 258 (ST258) isolates, displaying high rates of resistance to polymyxins and associated with a high mortality rate. The dissemination of such a MgrB-W20S mutation leading to polymyxin resistance within the ST258 high-risk clone background is problematic and thus warrants particular attention.