Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Deep Convolutional Neural Network to Classify Osteoarthritis from Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is caused by partially or completely torn ACL ligament in the knee, especially in sportsmen. There is a need to classify the ACL tear before it fully ruptures to avoid osteoarthritis. This research aims to identify ACL tears automatically and efficiently with a deep learning approach. A dataset was gathered, consisting of 917 knee magnetic resonance images (MRI) from Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Croatia. The dataset we used consists of three classes: non-injured, partial tears, and fully ruptured knee MRI. The study compares and evaluates two variants of convolutional neural networks (CNN). We first tested the standard CNN model of five layers and then a customized CNN model of eleven layers. Eight different hyper-parameters were adjusted and tested on both variants. Our customized CNN model showed good results after a 25% random split using RMSprop and a learning rate of 0.001. The average evaluations are measured by accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score in the case of the standard CNN using the Adam optimizer with a learning rate of 0.001, i.e., 96.3%, 95%, 96%, 96.9%, and 95.6%, respectively. In the case of the customized CNN model, using the same evaluation measures, the model performed at 98.6%, 98%, 98%, 98.5%, and 98%, respectively, using an RMSprop optimizer with a learning rate of 0.001. Moreover, we also present our results on the receiver operating curve and area under the curve (ROC AUC). The customized CNN model with the Adam optimizer and a learning rate of 0.001 achieved 0.99 over three classes was highest among all. The model showed good results overall, and in the future, we can improve it to apply other CNN architectures to detect and segment other ligament parts like meniscus and cartilages.
Progression of apprentices to higher education

This report presents the findings of research undertaken for the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) into the progression to higher education of advanced level apprentices over the past seven years. This is part of a longitudinal study whose first results were published in 2011 (Joslin & Smith, 2011).
Digital X-ray analysis for monitoring fracture healing

X-ray based evaluation of di erent stages of fracture healing is a well established clinical standard. However, several studies have shown plain radiography alone to be an unreliable method to assess healing. The advent of digital X-ray systems provides the potential to perform quantitative analysis on X-ray images without disrupting normal clinical practice. Two aspects were explored in this study. The rst was the measurement of mechanical fracture sti ness under four point bending and axial loading. The second was the inclusion of an Aluminium step wedge to provide Aluminium-equivalent thickness calibration information. Mechanical sti ness studies involved the development of equipment to perform four point bending on intra-medullary (IM) nailed tibial fractures, equipment to perform axial loading on conservatively treated humeral fractures, and fracture models to examine the developed systems. Computational procedures to automatically measure the angle and o set occurring at the fracture site by comparing loaded and unloaded X-ray images were developed utilising cross-correlation. The apparatus and procedures were tested using the fracture models both in X-ray and using the Zwick materials testing machine. The four point bending system was applied clinically to a series of IM nailed tibial fracture patients and the axial loading system to two conservatively treated humeral fracture patients. Mechanical sti ness results showed that the apparatus worked well in the clinical radiography environment and was unobtrusive to normal practice. The developed X-ray analysis procedure provided reliable measurements. However, in the case of IM nailed tibial fractures, both angular and displacement movements were too small to be accurately assessed or to provide reliable sti ness measurements. This indicated that this patient group was possibly unsuitable for mechanical sti ness measurements or that higher loads needed to be applied to the fracture site. The case studies of conservatively treated humeral fractures showed potential in detecting movement between loaded and unloaded X-rays and using this to provide sti ness information.
Model for Refactoring a Software Using Feature Oriented Dependency (FOD)

Refactoring is the process of improving the code of the software without affecting the external behavior of the code only by reconstruct the internal structure . It makes code cleaner, clearer, simpler or in other words, clean up the code. It also improves the quality of code then it became more reliable and easy to maintain through lifecycle of software. Refactoring has become renowned concept in soft- ware development process. The IDE (Integrated Development Environment) highly prefer this technique. Researches on refactoring technique have improved now a day. Beyond that , this particular technique is used to improve different functions of application software. It mainly speed up the function and helps to get the output much faster. In this proposed work Feature Oriented Dependency (FOD) tool is cre-ated used for refactoring process established on a chemical reaction optimization meta heuristic approach to discover the appropriate refactoring resolutions.
Scrutinizing EFL students' plagiarism practice

The current study was designed to investigate the types of plagiarism that appear in EFL students’ theses at Ar-Raniry State Islamic University, Indonesia. It sought to examine the plagiarism level, and investigate the triggering factors encouraging these EFL students of the 2019 batch to plagiarize. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach. The participants in this study were ten EFL students of the 2019 batch and their theses. The participants were randomly selected. The data collection was carried out using two research instruments, namely document analysis, and interview. The researcher analyzed the student's thesis using Plagiarism Checker X. The results of the document analysis showed that there were two types of plagiarism detected in the student's thesis, namely word for word and mosaic plagiarism. Second, the researcher found that the plagiarism level of the 2019 batch English students' thesis of UIN Ar-Raniry was at the low-level plagiarism category, which can be observed from the result of the similarity index. The level of plagiarism found in these theses was less than 30%, still at an acceptable level as stipulated by the university regulation. Meanwhile, the result of the interview showed that all participants know what plagiarism is and they think that plagiarism is a negative conduct. Several factors influences EFL English students to plagiarize, such as poor time management, laziness, poor paraphrasing skills, affordable internet access, and running out of ideas.
The Adoption of data mining technology within accounting information systems in publicly listed companies in Jordan

The successful adoption of information technology (IT) and data mining (DM) requires a clear understanding of the organisational context within which technology operates, including both human and technological dimensions. The objective of this research is to investigate the implementation of and the readiness to adopt IT and DM technology within the accounting information system (AIS) in publicly listed companies in a developing nation, specifically Jordan. The relationship between managerial styles prevailing in Jordanian publicly listed companies and the managers’ attitudes towards IT and DM are explored. In addition, relationships between certain demographic characteristics including gender, age, organisational experience, educational level, and span of control and managers' attitudes towards DM are explored. Furthermore, this research investigates issues that influence Jordanian publicly listed companies to adopt/not adopt DM technology, such as technological, organisational and human resource issues. Finally this research explores the relationship if any between awareness of DM technology and the intention to adopt these technology. The sample for this research was randomly drawn from a list of the publicly listed Jordanian companies. Surveys were sent to lower and middle line managers of publicly listed companies, and a small sample was then interviewed to enrich the data. Analysis of quantitative data was undertaken using SPSS. The analysis using SPSS confirmed the existence of two dimensions in Jordanian publicly listed companies, people-centred and task-centred management. Factor analysis indicated that the two dominant management styles were people and task orientated styles. Further analysis indicated that the people-centred management style has a significant positive relationship with the attitudes of managers and DM. On the other hand, the task-centred management style and demographic characteristics were found to have no statistically significant relationship with the attitudes of managers towards DM. The results also revealed that the majority of respondents indicated readiness toward accepting DM technology and that they are ready to use it. For both the existing adopters of DM technologies and non-adopters issues such as technological, organisational and human resources were significant and had played a role in the decision to, or not to utilise such technology. Finally, this research found that the awareness about DM has no statistical significant relationship with the intention to adopt DM tools. Considering the scarcity of previous literature in the research's particular context (Jordan) and its broader context (Arab and developing countries), this research will provide an original contribution concerning the effect and appropriateness of management styles and attitudes towards IT and DM on the use of modern computer technology within the context of publicly listed companies in developing countries.
Atg5 Regulates Selective Autophagy of the Parental Macronucleus during Tetrahymena Sexual Reproduction

Nuclear autophagy is an important selective autophagy process. The selective autophagy of sexual development micronuclei (MICs) and the programmed nuclear degradation of parental macronucleus (paMAC) occur during sexual reproduction in Tetrahymena thermophila. The molecular regulatory mechanism of nuclear selective autophagy is unclear. In this study, the autophagy-related protein Atg5 was identified from T. thermophila. Atg5 was localized in the cytoplasm in the early sexual-development stage and was localized in the paMAC in the late sexual-development stage. During this stage, the degradation of meiotic products of MIC was delayed in atg5i mutants. Furthermore, paMAC was abnormally enlarged and delayed or failed to degrade. The expression level and lipidation of Atg8.2 significantly decreased in the mutants. All these results indicated that Atg5 was involved in the regulation of the selective autophagy of paMAC by regulating Atg8.2 in Tetrahymena.
Methodology for determining the optimal operating strategies for a chilled-water-storage system—Part I: Theoretical model

This article proposes a new methodology for determining the optimal operating strategies for a chilled-water storage system under a time-of-use electricity rate structure. It is based on a new classification of operating strategies and an investigation of multiple search paths. Each operating strategy consists of a control strategy and the maximum number of chillers running during the off-peak and on-peak periods. For each month, the operating strategy with the lowest monthly billing cost and minimal water level higher than the set-point is selected as the optimal operating strategy for the current month. A system model is developed to simulate the tank water level at the end of each time step and the system total power during each time step. This model includes six sub-models: plant, thermal energy storage tank, loop, chiller, control strategy, and nonplant power. This method considers the interaction among plant, tank, and loop, and it is easy for users to apply it to different projects, modify individual models, or implement new sub-models. The final results will be a table showing the monthly control strategy and maximal number of chillers staged-on during the off-peak and on-peak periods, an operation schedule that is easy for the operators to follow.
Model-based prognostic techniques [maintenance applications]

Conventional maintenance strategies, such as corrective preventive maintenance, are not adequate to fulfill the needs of expensive and high availability industrial systems. A new strategy based on forecasting of system degradation through a prognostic process is required. The recent advances in model-based design technology have realized significant time savings in product development cycle. These advances facilitate the integration of model-based diagnosis and prognosis of systems, leading to condition-based maintenance and increased availability of systems. With an accurate simulation model of a system, diagnostics and prognostics can be synthesized concurrently with system design. In this paper, we develop an integrated prognostic process based on data collected from model-based simulations under nominal and degraded conditions. Prognostic models are constructed based on different random load conditions (modes). An interacting multiple model (IMM) is used to track the hidden damage. Remaining life prediction is performed by mixing mode-based life predictions via time-averaged mode probabilities. The solution has the potential to be applicable to a variety of systems, ranging from automobiles to aerospace systems.
A multidimensional functional fitness score is a stronger predictor of type 2 diabetes than obesity parameters in cross sectional data

Objective We examine here whether multidimensional functional fitness is a better predictor of type 2 diabetes as compared to morphometric indices of obesity such as body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR). Research design and method We analysed retrospective data of 663 volunteer participants (285 males and 378 females between age 28 and 84), from an exercise clinic in which every participant routinely undergoes a health related physical fitness (HRPF) assessment consisting of 15 different tasks examining 8 different aspects of functional fitness. Results The odds of being diabetic in the highest quartile of BMI were not significantly higher than that in the lowest quartile in either of the sexes. The odds of being a diabetic in the highest WHR quartile were significantly greater than the lowest quartile in females (OR = 4.54 (1.95, 10.61) as well as in males (OR = 3.81 (1.75, 8.3). In both sexes the odds of being a diabetic were significantly greater in the lowest quartile of HRPF score than the highest (males OR = 10.52 (4.21, 26.13); females OR = 10.50 (3.53, 31.35)). HRPF was not correlated with BMI in both sexes but was negatively correlated with WHR. After removing confounding, the predictive power of HRPF was significantly greater than that of WHR. Conclusion Multidimensional functional fitness score was a better predictor of type 2 diabetes than obesity parameters in the Indian population.
Aerosol optical depth determination from along track scanning radiometer (ATSR) data

The remote sensing of aerosol over land remains a difficult task. The physical interpretation of simultaneous multiangle observations represents a relatively new approach to remote sensing of terrestrial geophysical and biophysical parameters. In the present paper we attempt a solution to the problem of retrieval of aerosol optical depth and surface reflectance from satellite radiance measurements based on a solution of the radiative transfer equation. We have developed an operational method which relies on multiple view angle observations or multiple solar zenith angle observations of the surface to accomplish part of this task in a routine manner. This approach can be used for ERS-2 ATSR/AATSR visible bands because there will be two view angle observations for the same area at the same time. This approach requires that the visibility of the area should be more than 5 km for multiple solar zenith angle observations applications.
Development of Optical Isotropic E-Field Sensor Operating More than 10 GHz Using Mach-Zehnder Interferometers

SUMMARY Anelectric filedsensorusingMach-Zehnder inter ferometers hasbeendesigned tooperate more than10 GHz. Theveloc ityof optical waveon thewaveguide is investigated to determine the electrode length, andthecharacteristics offrequency response areana Iyzed using themoment method todetermine thesensorelementlength. The electrodelengthof I mm and the element length of 8 mm are settled bytheseinvestigations. Anisotropic electric fieldsensoriscon structedusingthreesensors. The minimum detectableelectricfield strength is 22 mY/m at frequency bandwidth of 100 Hz. Thisis about 100 timesfor theconventional electricfieldsensorusingthe similar element. The sensitivity deviation is within 3 dB whentemperature changes from 0 degree to 40 degree. Thedeviation ofdirectivity canbe tuned within ± I dBtocalibrate thesensitivity oftheeachelement. The sensitivity degradation iswithin 6dBupto5 GHz andwithin 10dBup to 10 GHz. Thisis almost agree withthecalculated results. Thesensor canmeasure almostthe samewaveform as the appliedelectricfield pulsewhose widthis 6 nsandrisetimeis lessthan 2.5 ns.
Ecological Impacts of Megaprojects: Species Succession and Functional Composition

Land-use changes have huge impacts on natural vegetation, especially megaprojects, as the vegetation layer is destroyed in the course of construction works affecting the plant community composition and functionality. This large-scale disturbance might be a gateway for the establishment of invasive plant species, which can outcompete the natural flora. In contrast, species occurring in the area before the construction are not able to re-establish. In this study, we analyzed the impact of a pipeline construction on a wetland nature reserve located in northern Egypt. Therefore, we analyzed the plant species occurrence and abundance and measured each plant species’ traits before the construction in 2017 as well as on multiple occasions up to 2 years after the construction had finished on altogether five sampling events. We found that the construction activity led to the establishment of an invasive species which previously did not occur in the area, namely, Imperata cylindrica, whereas five species (Ipomoea carnea, Pluchea dioscoridis, Polygonum equisetiforme, Tamarix nilotica, and Typha domingensis) could not re-establish after the disturbance. The functionality of ecosystems assessed via the analysis of plant functional traits (plant height, specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content) changed within species over all sampling events and within the community showing a tendency to approximate pre-construction values. Functional dispersion and Rao’s quadratic diversity were higher after the megaproject than before. These findings are important to capture possible re-establishment and recovery of natural vegetation after construction and raise awareness to the impact of megaprojects, especially in areas which are high priority for conservation.
Harmonic and intermodulation performance of graphene-based analog electronic circuits

In this article, a simple Fourier-series-based mathematical model for the transfer characteristic of the graphene field effect transistor (GFET) is presented. Using this model, closed-form expressions for the amplitudes of the harmonic and intermodulation components of the drain-to-source current resulting from a multisinusoidal gate-to-source input voltage with small or large amplitudes can be obtained. The results show that the harmonic and intermodulation performance of the GFET excited by a two-tone equal-amplitude signal is strongly dependent on the asymmetry of the transfer characteristic and the amplitudes of the input sinusoids. The results also show that the second-order intermodulation component is dominant over a wide range of the input voltage amplitudes and different degrees of asymmetry of the transfer characteristic. Moreover, the results show that GFETs biased at the minimum conduction point can work as frequency doublers, mixers, down converters and up converters. The results also show that proper biasing of the GFET can provide linear amplifiers.
Practical issues in load modeling for voltage stability studies

Load modeling has become a critical component for the comprehensive and accurate analysis of power systems. In particular, voltage stability limits derived from simulations may be highly influenced by load models used in both static and dynamic analysis. While data for most transmission and generation elements is either well established or can be readily determined from measurement, good load data and models remain difficult to reliably ascertain. This paper discusses the requirements of load models, current approaches, and provides a practical approach to develop models for use in voltage stability analysis. Based on billing data or load inventory surveys, the load is classified into broad types such as residential, industrial, and commercial load and each is subdivided into more specific components including induction motors and other elements. Time-domain simulations are used to establish the load characteristics and general purpose models synthesized from the results for use in static analysis. Examples of this approach are presented in case studies.
TECHNICAL NOTE: Design and fabrication of a micro magnetic bearing

A micro magnetic bearing actuator has been designed using electromagnets. In this design, the rotor position is actively controlled in the radial directions and passively supported in the axial direction. A micro position sensor, along with a proportional plus derivative (PD) control system, constitutes the feedback network, which ensures that the rotor is actively suspended in the radial directions. The circular stator has four control coils which are sandwiched between two stator end plates. The diameter of the stator and rotor are 2.1 and 2.6 mm respectively, while the thickness is fixed at 250 µm. The air gap between the stator and rotor has been fixed at 10 µm. The stator and rotor plates were fabricated using Permalloy electroplating, while the control coils of the stator were hand-wound using conventional coil winding techniques. The bearing components were assembled using normal micro assembly techniques. The details of the fabrication and assembly techniques employed for the micro bearings are presented, along with the test results.