Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CPU 0 CPU 1 GP U 0 GP U 1 GP U 2 GP U 3

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have fundamentally altered the approach to parallel computing despite the substantial PCIe overheads that they manifest. In order to maximize performance-per-dollar, systems are now being deployed with multiple GPUs in the same node. However, multiple GPUs exacerbate the PCIe overheads by inflicting additional data-movement performance penalties when moving non-local data. In this paper, we first evaluate the PCIe performance loss that occurs due to improper affinity between CPUs and GPUs, using a PCIeBandwidth benchmark specifically developed for systems with multiple GPUs. Our experiments demonstrate that the performance loss can be up to 2.5× on a single GPU and up to 4.4× when four GPUs are used. We then leverage our learnings from the PCIe studies to optimize and accelerate the Graph500 benchmark on a 4-GPU, multisocket system. Our optimization techniques include binding the CPU threads to appropriate cores as well as the careful partitioning of data for every GPU. We achieve a speedup of 1.8× over a single GPU implementation.
A Study on Modeling and Controlling Bead Height in the Robotic GMA Welding

Welding, one of the most common joining processes in the metal industries was applied for facilities from job shop outfits to highly-automated computer-controlled factories. More recently, products of piles and columns to support wind turbines has grown significantly in importance. However, an intelligent algorithm that predicts bead geometry and accomplishes the desired mechanical properties of the weldment in the automated GMA(Gas Metal Arc) welding should be developed. The algorithm should also cover a wide range of material thicknesses and be applicable for all welding position. In addition, the proposed model for the automatic welding system must be available in the form of mathematical equations. In this study, an intelligent model which employed the neural network, one of AI (Artificial Intelligence) technologies has been developed to study the effects of welding parameters on bead height and predict bead height for lab joint in the robotic GMA welding process. BP (Back Propagation) and LM (Levenberg-Marquardt) neural network algorithm have been used to develop the intelligent model. Not only the fitting of these models have been checked and compared by using variance test, but also the prediction on bead height using the developed models have been verified.
Tunable transimpedance sustaining-amplifier for high impedance CMOS-MEMS resonators

This paper presents a full-custom tunable gain transimpedance amplifier (TIA) designed to work as a sustaining amplifier for a monolithic CMOS-MEMS oscillator. Based on a capacitive detection of the MEMS current, the implemented differential structure allows to compensate a wide range of motional resistances (between 1.4MΩ to 20MΩ) exhibiting an exceptional low input current noise of 32fA/√Hz @ 20 MHz.
Leaky CPW-based slot antenna arrays for millimeter-wave applications

A uniplanar leaky-wave antenna (LWA) suitable for operation at millimeter-wave frequencies is introduced. Both unidirectional and bidirectional versions of the antenna are presented. The proposed structure consists of a coplanar waveguide fed linear array of closely spaced capacitive transverse slots. This configuration results in a fast-wave structure in which the n=0 spatial harmonic radiates in the forward direction. Since the distance, d, between adjacent elements of the array is small d/spl Lt//spl lambda//sub o/, the slot array essentially becomes a uniform LWA. A comprehensive transmission line model is developed based upon the theory of truncated periodic transmission lines to explain the operation of the antenna and provide a tool for its design. Measured and simulated radiation patterns, directivity, gain, and an associated loss budget are presented for a 32-element antenna operating at 30 GHz. The uniplanar nature of the structure makes the antenna appropriate for integration of shunt variable capacitors such as diode or micro-electromechanical system varactors for fixed frequency beam steering at low-bias voltages.
A Study on Citizen Satisfaction Evaluation Model of Chinese Municipal Government Online Services

Service acceptor satisfaction evaluation offers a new approach for assessing e-government online services. However, few studies of this kind have been published in e-government service research field in China. Despite American customer satisfaction index (ACSI) Model can provide the scientific model and methods for this kind of research, it has been pointed powerless to offer more specific information for service improvements in recent years. Thus, this paper aims to improve AC SI model and further establish a model for evaluating Chinese municipal government online services, by identifying and adding five quality factors (site usability and ease-of-use, functional service, information service, transaction service and democracy content) and relative measures. The new model is validated by satisfaction survey data on Harbin government portal online services. Then the results of model parameter estimations are analyzed for presenting a series of implications. Finally, limitations of this study and future research directions are presented.
Role-based Cooperation for Environmental Monitoring with Multiple UAVs

Planning under uncertainty faces a scalability problem when considering multi-robot teams, as the information space scales exponentially with the number of robots. To address this issue, this paper proposes to decentralize multi-robot Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) while maintaining cooperation between robots by using POMDP policy auctions. Auctions provide a flexible way of coordinating individual policies modeled by POMDPs and have low communication requirements. Additionally, we use a Decentralized Data Fusion method (DDF) in order to efficiently maintain a joint belief state among the robots. The paper presents an application in environmental monitoring with multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), which illustrates the proposed ideas through different simulations.
A Novel SET/SEU Hardened Parallel I/O Port

The continuous decrease in CMOS technology feature size increases the susceptibility of such circuits to single event transient SET and single event upset SEU, caused by energetic particles striking system wires and flip flops. This paper presents a novel SET/SEU-detection technique for I/O ports where different sampling times used to detect the effects of SET/SEUs. The power dissipation, area, reliability, and propagation delay of the SET/SEU-detection I/O port are analyzed by HSPICE v.X- 2005.v9 simulation. The results show that this I/O port can detect all SET/SEUs, by consumption of about 113% more power and occupation of 145% more area than simple I/O port. in I/O port is proposed. This I/O port provides more reliability than duplication and consumes just 4% more power and occupies 8% more area than the duplication I/O port. In the proposed technique, different sampling times used in a way that the occurrence of an SET/SEU in each memory element of I/O port can be detected and also MEUs during the activating phase of write/read signals can be detected. In fact, this technique detects the occurrence of SET/SEU on the I/O port, regardless of the amount of the particle energy (section 3). Second, Detailed SPICE-based fault injection experiments have been performed for analyzing the SET/SEU-detection I/O port as well as duplication technique. This analysis shows that in the duplication technique, there are still some parts in an I/O port, which are not protected and are very vulnerable to SETs. This technique also cannot detect MEUs that occur during the activating phase of write/read signals. The analysis also shows that the proposed SET/SEU-tolerant I/O port, can detect all SET/SEUs occurring on I/O port and MEUs that occur during activating phase of write/read signals. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section two presents an SET/SEU-detection I/O port. In section three, the reliability of the duplication technique is investigated and compared with the proposed I/O port. The Propagation delay, area and power analysis are presented in section four. Finally section five concludes the paper.
EMPLO :An Effective Multicast Routing Protocol for MANET with Least Control Overhead

An important and essential issue for multicast mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) is routing protocol design i.e. a major technical challenge due to the dynamism of the network. Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a dynamic, multi-hop and autonomous network composed of light wireless mobile nodes. A lot of control messages are required to build optimal multicast trees and maintaining group membership due to the dynamism of MANETs. Due to these overheads we consume greater energy resourses of mobile nodes and network resourses like wireless links bandwidth . This paper presents an effective multicast routing protocol for MANET with least control overhead. The protocol constructs shared multicast tree using the physical position of the nodes for the multicast sessions. To obtain the physical location of the nodes we use the concept of distributed location service , which effectively reduces the overheads for route searching and shared multicast tree maintenance.In this protocol we use the concept of small overlapped zones around each node for active topology maintenance with in the zone. To pursuit for an existing multicast tree outside the zone, constrained directional forwarding is used which ensure a good reduction in overhead in comparison to network wide flooding for search method.The protocol employs local connectivity technique and protective route reconfiguration on the basis of the current status of the nodes are being proposed which reduces the overhead, power and bandwidth requirement and try to increase the performance and reliability.
2 Coherence of XUV Laser Sources

This article reviews recent developments in research on coherence properties of femtosecond XUV and x-ray lasers. Coherence is one of the most conspicuous features of laser sources. It describes how an electromagnetic wave field is correlated at different times and at different points in space. Coherence is a property that enables stationary interferences and thereby enables holographic and diffractive or lens less imaging. While a large number of different laser systems radiating in the infrared, visible and UV spectral range have been developed in the past five decades since the invention of the laser, the generation of intense and coherent XUV and x-ray radiation is still a formidable goal of basic research. Developed first in the mid and far infrared spectral region free electron lasers (FEL) provide a new means to generate widely tunable coherent radiation [Madey, 1971; Deacon et al., 1977; Oepts et al., 1995]. In the XUV and soft x-ray spectral region the present lack of appropriate mirrors prevent the construction of optical resonators, essential for a laser with well-defined mode properties. Therefore in this spectral region free-electron lasers have to rely on the principle of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), where in a single path enough gain is accumulated to evolve a pulse from shot noise. These machines then provide pulsed XUV and x-ray radiation which shows only partial coherence (Kondratenko & Saldin, 1980; Bonifacio et al., 1984; Murphy & Pellegrini, 1985). A characterisation of the coherence properties of SASE FEL radiation is not only important for the understanding and improvement of the SASE process. With the concomitant development of coherent diffraction imaging it is also of great practical importance in a broad field of fundamental scientific applications, like holographic imaging of artificial magnetic structures or single pulse imaging of large biomolecules. The theoretical description of the coherence properties of SASE FEL has made tremendous progress in the recent years. In this chapter we will briefly review measurement methods and description of partially coherent optical fields. The considerations will be applied to characterize the spatial and temporal coherence of pulses from the SASE free electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) and of high harmonic radiation.
An efficient Web services based approach to computing grid

The main focus of grid is the resource sharing at substrate level. With present existing tool kits, however, great efforts still need to be made to implement resource sharing at higher level, such as publishing grid services on grid substrates. In this paper, we present construction platform for specific computing grid (CPSCG), a system that renders the ease and speediness for users to construct a computing grid. Shared computational resources are wrapped to Web services and exported as grid services with little human labor in CPSCG. Web user interface, which is automatically built by system based on Web services, is supplied to end users for them to invoke grid services
Capon cepstrum weighted l2, 1 minimization for wideband DOA estimation with sonar arrays

In this paper, the wideband Capon cepstrum weighted l2, 1 minimization algorithm (WB-CW l2, 1) is presented for wideband direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using an acoustic array. The problem of wideband DOA estimation is converted into the estimation of the sparsity pattern of a jointly sparse signal and then solved by the weighted l2, 1 norm minimization. WB-CW l2, 1 uses the Capon cepstrum to calculate the support related weights. The basic idea of WB-CW l2, 1 is to assign large weights to those entries whose row indices are more likely outside the row support of the jointly sparse signals, so that their indices are more likely expelled from the row support of the solution. By doing so, WB-CW l2, 1 further enhances the sparsity of the solution and improves the DOA estimation accuracy, compared with l1-SVD, which is a typical algorithm based on unweighted l2, 1 norm minimization. Experimental results based on real sonar data show that the proposed algorithm outperforms l2, 1-SVD in terms of DOA estimation accuracy.
EDITOR'S CHOICE: REVIEW: Effects of land use on plant diversity – A global meta‐analysis

Summary Plant diversity is globally threatened by anthropogenic land use including management and modification of the natural environment. At regional and local scales, numerous studies world-wide have examined land use and its effects on plant diversity, but evidence for declining species diversity is mixed. This is because, first, land use comes in many variations, hampering comparisons of studies. Second, land use directly affects the environment, but indirect effects extend beyond the boundaries of the land in use. Third, land-use effects greatly depend on the environmental, historical and socio-economic context. To evaluate the generality and variation of studies’ findings about land-use effects, we undertook a quantitative synthesis using meta-analytic techniques. Using 572 effect sizes from 375 studies distributed globally relating to 11 classes of land use, we found that direct and indirect effects of land use on plant diversity (measured as species richness) are variable and can lead to both local decreases and increases. Further, we found evidence (best AIC model) that land-use-specific covariables mostly determine effect-size variation and that in general land-use effects differ between biomes. Synthesis and applications. This extensive synthesis provides the most comprehensive and quantitative overview to date about the effects of the most widespread and relevant land-use options on plant diversity and their covariables. We found important covariables of specific land-use classes but little evidence that land-use effects can be generally explained by their environmental and socio-economic context. We also found a strong regional bias in the number of studies (i.e. more studies from Europe and North America) and highlight the need for an overarching and consistent land-use classification scheme. Thereby, our study provides a new vantage point for future research directions.
Extracting Role-Based Access Control Models from Business Process Event Logs

Today, as business processes are getting more complex and the volumes of stored data about business process executions are increasing in size, collecting information for the analysis and for the improvement of the business process security1, is becoming a complex task. Information systems that support business processes record business process executions into event logs which capture the behavior of system usage in terms of events. Business process event logs can be used for analysing and improving the business process, but also for analysing the information security. One of the main goals of security analysis is to check the compliance with existing security requirements. Also event logs can be the basis for business process mining, or shortly process mining. Utilizing bottom-up process mining on event logs, we can extract business process-related information for security analysis. Process mining is not just only for discovering business process models, but also other models, such as security models. For this purpose, we present a possible approach to extract RBAC models (semi-)automatically from event logs in XES format. The focus is also on determining the protected business assets, such as document or other artifact data that is exchanged and accessed during business process activities. In addition, we evaluate the applicability of this approach with conformance checking where we check the compliance of a real-life event log with respect to the LTL constraints translated from RBAC model. Eventually, the purpose of the extracted RBAC models is that they provide a basis for security analysis and they can be adapted by other applications in order to implement access control mechanism.
Gyro-free attitude observer of rigid body via only time-varying reference vectors

An observer is proposed to estimate attitude and angular velocity subject to time-varying inertia reference vectors and unavailability of angular velocity, simultaneously. To deal with the absence of the angular velocity information, the Lyapunov transformation is proposed and the quadratic term on the angular velocity in the dynamic equation is canceled to facilitate the observer design. Therefore both the attitude and angular momentum should be estimated, and the angular velocity information is synthesized from these two signals. Besides, in face of time-varying reference vectors, a set of virtual constant inertia vectors and the counterparts in the body-attached frame are introduced in the angular momentum observer. The measured reference vectors are then used to provide the upper and lower bounds of the norm of the attitude estimation error, and thus the observer gains can be dynamically adjusted based on these bounds. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Optimizing testing efforts based on change proneness through machine learning techniques

For any software organization, understanding the software quality is desirable in order to increase user experience of the software. When we talk about security software this factor becomes even more important. This paper aims to develop models for predicting the change proneness for object oriented system. The developed models may be used to predict the change prone classes at early phase of software development. Rigorous testing and allocation of some extra resources to those change prone classes may lead to better quality and it may also reduce our work at the maintenance phase. We apply one statistical and 10 machine learning techniques to predict the models. The results are analyzed from Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis using Area under the Curve (AUC) obtained from ROC. Adaboost and Random forest method have shown the best result and hence, based on these results we can claim that quality models have a good relevance with Object Oriented systems.
A 1.0625 Gbps transceiver with 2x-oversampling and transmit signal pre-emphasis

A fibre channel compliant 1.0625 Gb/s serial interface core is a complete transceiver, integrating data serialization, clock/data recovery, and at-speed self-test functions. The CMOS core occupies <4 mm/sup 2/, consumes <0.45 W, and can be integrated with a family of standard cells.
Trend in the G.C.E. Ordinary Level mathematics performance of students in the North West region of Cameroon.

This work seeks to portray the trend (pattern) in the General Certificate of Education (GCE), Ordinary Level mathematics performance of secondary school students of the North West Region of Cameroon, across the years 2007-2013. To achieve this, an expost facto research design was used. Furthermore, the population of the study was all the 171,187 Form Five secondary school students of the North West Region of Cameroon that sat for this examination across the years 2007-2013. No sampling was used since the results of all the students in the population were considered in the study. The instrument for data collection was the “ North West Region Students’ GCE O’Level Mathematics Results ” Data CD which was officially collected from the headquarters of the Cameroon GCE Board, Buea. Moreover, students’ mean mathematics performance for the various years was used to describe the trend in the students’ performance. Though the results did not show any systematic pattern, it was noticed that 2009 showed the best mathematics performance, with performance dropping steadily across the years 2011-2013. Keywords: mathematics achievement, performance trend, secondary education, GCE Ordinary Level
Survey on Security Measures of Software Requirement Engineering

Software engineering concerns with wide use of engineering principles to achieve cost-effective software with potentiality to function on real machines. Requirement engineering in software development is more crucial. Everyone agrees that security is difficult. The requirements engineering principles are framed based on an idea that would engage the community overcoming complex problems. Security is about the prevention of several difficulties due to the presence of attackers behaving malicious activities. Software security is incredible due to the intrinsically complex task and the problem happens because of three main reasons such as networks are everywhere, systems are easily extensible and system complexity is rising. The principle objective of requirement engineering research is not just to point out the fact about security risks keep on rising every day, but rather to defeat attack, just as any other system property. Security should be tackled at the beginning of the software lifecycle. This survey planned to concentrate on the requirements phase as security is a system property.
Excitation Control Based Energy-Shaping with Direct Mechanical Damping Injection for Transient Stability Improvement of Power Systems

In this paper, a novel energy-shaping design method is provided for excitation controller of power systems, which is carried out by directly injecting the compensation damping into the mechanical damping. This design method utilizes the transient energy function with the physical properties of power system, and the adjusted parameters of the designed controller have directly corresponding relation to the physical meaning of the mechanical damping and electrical damping of power system. In addition, to further enhance the transient stability, considering the possible variation in the transmission line and uncertainties in physical parameters, an adaptive excitation controller is also designed by employing the direct mechanical damping injection. It is shown that the proposed excitation controller can make the system have better dynamic properties and large stability margin even in the case with the permanent fault on transmission line and the turbine failure. And, for illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed controller, the simulation comparison results with the traditional energy-shaping approach are presented.