Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aesthetic Nasal Lobule Correction Using a Three-Dimensional Printed Polycaprolactone Implant

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Nasal tip plasty is a surgery that determines important rhinoplasty outcomes. A variety of autologous and alloplastic implants are utilized in this procedure, including 1 synthetic material known as polycaprolactone (PCL). This study provides background on the ready-made three-dimensional printed PCL implant for nasal lobule correction, before discussing the usefulness and effectiveness of the implant. A total of 23 patients who visited our hospital between January 2018 and January 2020 were evaluated in this study. We used 3 types of PCL implant to get an ideal shape for the nasal tip: tipball (globular shape), droneball (rugby ball shape), and dumbbell (dumbbell shape). The authors compared nasolabial angle and tip projection at the preoperative and postoperative period via photographic anthropometric analysis. In 4 patients, we also examined the dead space between the implant and soft tissue via ultrasonography. The follow-up period averaged 9.5 months and no serious complications were found after surgery. The nasolabial angle and tip projection had an average postoperative increase of 6.4° and 0.044, respectively. Ultrasonography revealed the attachment of the implant at the insertion site and no dead space was found. This is the first attempt to apply a ready-made three-dimensional printed PCL implant to a nasal lobule correction procedure. As the implant was easy to use and showed good results, it may be useful for aesthetic purposes in future nasal tip plasty procedures.
An Automatic and Simplified Approach to Muscle Path Modelling.

The current paper aims at proposing an automatic method to design and adjust simplified muscle paths of a musculoskeletal model. These muscle paths are composed of a limited set of via points and an optimization routine is developed to place these via points on the model in order to fit moment arms and musculotendon lengths input data. The method has been applied to a forearm musculoskeletal model extracted from the literature, using theoretical input data as an example. Results showed that for $75\%$ of the muscle set, the relative root mean square error was under $29.23\%$ for moment arms and of $1.09\%$ for musculotendon lengths with regard to the input data. These results confirm the ability of the method to automatically generate computationally efficient muscle paths for musculoskeletal simulations. Using only via points lowers computational expense compared to paths exhibiting wrapping objects. A proper balance between computational time and anatomical realism should be found to help those models being interpreted by practitioners.
Efficacy of Carboplatin and Isotretinoin in Children With High-risk Medulloblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial From the Children's Oncology Group.

Importance Brain tumors are the leading cause of disease-related death in children. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant embryonal brain tumor, and strategies to increase survival are needed. Objective To evaluate therapy intensification with carboplatin as a radiosensitizer and isotretinoin as a proapoptotic agent in children with high-risk medulloblastoma in a randomized clinical trial and, with a correlative biology study, facilitate planned subgroup analysis according to World Health Organization consensus molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma. Design, Setting, and Participants A randomized clinical phase 3 trial was conducted from March 2007 to September 2018. Analysis was completed in September 2020. Patients aged 3 to 21 years with newly diagnosed high-risk medulloblastoma from Children's Oncology Group institutions within the US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand were included. High-risk features included metastasis, residual disease, or diffuse anaplasia. Interventions Patients were randomized to receive 36-Gy craniospinal radiation therapy and weekly vincristine with or without daily carboplatin followed by 6 cycles of maintenance chemotherapy with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine with or without 12 cycles of isotretinoin during and following maintenance. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary clinical trial end point was event-free survival, using the log-rank test to compare arms. The primary biology study end point was molecular subgroup classification by DNA methylation array. Results Of 294 patients with medulloblastoma, 261 were evaluable after central radiologic and pathologic review; median age, 8.6 years (range, 3.3-21.2); 183 (70%) male; 189 (72%) with metastatic disease; 58 (22%) with diffuse anaplasia; and 14 (5%) with greater than 1.5-cm2 residual disease. For all participants, the 5-year event-free survival was 62.9% (95% CI, 55.6%-70.2%) and overall survival was 73.4% (95% CI, 66.7%-80.1%). Isotretinoin randomization was closed early owing to futility. Five-year event-free survival was 66.4% (95% CI, 56.4%-76.4%) with carboplatin vs 59.2% (95% CI, 48.8%-69.6%) without carboplatin (P = .11), with the effect exclusively observed in group 3 subgroup patients: 73.2% (95% CI, 56.9%-89.5%) with carboplatin vs 53.7% (95% CI, 35.3%-72.1%) without (P = .047). Five-year overall survival differed by molecular subgroup (P = .006): WNT pathway activated, 100% (95% CI, 100%-100%); SHH pathway activated, 53.6% (95% CI, 33.0%-74.2%); group 3, 73.7% (95% CI, 61.9%-85.5%); and group 4, 76.9% (95% CI, 67.3%-86.5%). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, therapy intensification with carboplatin improved event-free survival by 19% at 5 years for children with high-risk group 3 medulloblastoma. These findings further support the value of an integrated clinical and molecular risk stratification for medulloblastoma. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00392327.
Investigating endocrine‐disrupting properties of chemicals in fish and amphibians: Opportunities to apply the 3Rs

Many regulations are beginning to explicitly require investigation of a chemical's endocrine‐disrupting properties as a part of the safety assessment process for substances already on or about to be placed on the market. Different jurisdictions are applying distinct approaches. However, all share a common theme requiring testing for endocrine activity and adverse effects, typically involving in vitro and in vivo assays on selected endocrine pathways. For ecotoxicological evaluation, in vivo assays can be performed across various animal species, including mammals, amphibians, and fish. Results indicating activity (i.e., that a test substance may interact with the endocrine system) from in vivo screens usually trigger further higher‐tier in vivo assays. Higher‐tier assays provide data on adverse effects on relevant endpoints over more extensive parts of the organism's life cycle. Both in vivo screening and higher‐tier assays are animal‐ and resource‐intensive and can be technically challenging to conduct. Testing large numbers of chemicals will inevitably result in the use of large numbers of animals, contradicting stipulations set out within many regulatory frameworks that animal studies be conducted as a last resort. Improved strategies are urgently required. In February 2020, the UK's National Centre for the 3Rs and the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute hosted a workshop (“Investigating Endocrine Disrupting Properties in Fish and Amphibians: Opportunities to Apply the 3Rs”). Over 50 delegates attended from North America and Europe, across academia, laboratories, and consultancies, regulatory agencies, and industry. Challenges and opportunities in applying refinement and reduction approaches within the current animal test guidelines were discussed, and utilization of replacement and/or new approach methodologies, including in silico, in vitro, and embryo models, was explored. Efforts and activities needed to enable application of 3Rs approaches in practice were also identified. This article provides an overview of the workshop discussions and sets priority areas for follow‐up. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:442–458. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Moisture Sorption Isotherms of Lentil Extrudates

Abstract The equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) were determined for lentil extrudates produced under different processing conditions at 25°C and eight relative humidity (RH) in the range of 0.113 – 0.902. It was established that for the ten extruded samples the EMC values at the same RH were not statistically equal. Four models – Chung-Pfost, Halsey, Oswin, and Henderson equations were applied for analyzing the experimental data. The Oswin model was most suitable for describing the relationship between the EMC and RH.
Identification of a diguanylate cyclase expressed in the presence of plants and its application for discovering candidate gene products involved in plant colonization by Pantoea sp. YR343

Microbial colonization of plant roots is a highly complex process that requires the coordination and regulation of many gene networks, yet the identities and functions of many of these gene products have yet to be discovered. Pantoea sp. YR343, a gamma-proteobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus deltoides, forms robust biofilms along the root surfaces of Populus and possesses plant growth-promoting characteristics. In this work, we identified three diguanylate cyclases in the plant-associated microbe Pantoea sp. YR343 that are expressed in the presence of plant roots. One of these diguanylate cyclases, DGC2884, localizes to discrete sites in the cells and its overexpression results in reduced motility and increased EPS production and biofilm formation. We performed a genetic screen by expressing this diguanylate cyclase from an inducible promoter in order to identify candidate gene products that may be involved in root colonization by Pantoea sp. YR343. Further, we demonstrate the importance of other domains in DGC2884 to its activity, which in combination with the genes identified by transposon mutagenesis, may yield insights into the mechanisms of plant association as well as the activity and regulation of homologous enzymes in medically and agriculturally relevant microbes.
Development of EAM Potential for Fe with Pseudo-Hydrogen Effects and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Hydrogen Embrittlement

Numerous studies have reported that solute hydrogen atoms and lattice defects have strong interactions, and that hydrogen atoms significantly change the stability and/or mobility of lattice defects. Although molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can treat complicated interactions of various lattice defects, the time scale is insufficient to treat hydrogen diffusion so as to influence the lattice-defect generation and cooperative motion of hydrogen atoms and lattice defects. Here we developed an interatomic potential for Fe with pseudo-hydrogen effects on lattice-defect energies and performed MD simulations of tensile loading. First, we estimated the lattice-defect energies of Fe and hydrogen-trap energies of lattice defects by using first-principle calculations and evaluated the lattice-defect energies under a practical gaseous hydrogen environment. Second, we refitted the existing embedded-atom-method potential for Fe to represent the lattice-defect energies amended by hydrogen effects. Finally, we confirmed that our potential is applicable for various phenomena by estimating the reproducibility of grain-boundary energies that are not employed for potential fitting. Our tensile-loading simulations of a nano specimen show that hydrogen reduces elongation at rupture.
Interdisciplinary management of peripheral arteriovenous malformations: review of the literature and current proceedings

Abstract Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a rare congenital vascular disorder. They represent a fast-flow vascular malformation. Clinically, AVMs present a heterogenous expression and can affect every part of the body. Here, we will solely focus on extracranial AVMs. Generally, AVMs progress with the patient’s age. Patients often suffer from pulsation, skin discoloration, pain, ulceration, bleeding, and disfigurement. Diagnostic tools include color-coded duplex sonography, MRI and CT imaging, as well as the clinical examination. 4D dynamic perfusion-computed tomography may help in the interventional planning. Digital subtraction angiography is required during interventional therapy. AVMs pose a great challenge to the treating physician. The therapy of this rare disease should be managed in an interdisciplinary center for vascular malformations. It consists of conservative measures, such as compression garments and pain medication, transcatheter or, more rarely, percutanous embolization, and surgical resection. In smaller, localized lesions, resection with primary wound closure may be feasible, whereas extensive AVMs regularly require the reconstruction of the resulting soft tissue defect and possibly affected functional structures by means of free tissue transfer. In the interdisciplinary setting required for an appropriate treatment of AVMs, extensive knowledge of the various therapies, including those from different specialties, is necessary. Therefore, this article aims to provide an overview over both the interventional and surgical therapeutic options.
An Antidripping Flame Retardant Finishing for Polyethylene Terephthalate Fabric

A flame retardant system containing 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and ammonium sulfamate (AMS) was proven to be effective on improving the fire performance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. The flammability tests indicate that this FR system can impart dripping resistance to PET fabric and the limiting oxygen index value can reach up to 28. The thermal behavior of PET fabric was investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis. The results indicate that the residual char of treated samples was significantly improved by the presence of HEDP and AMS. The morphology of treated PET fabric residue was also characterized by scanning electron microscope analysis. It has been suggested that intumescent char structures have been formed.
Perceived Neighborhood Conditions, Self-Management Abilities, and Psychological Well-Being Among Chinese Older Adults in Hawai’i

Using survey data collected from January to September 2018 (N = 430), this study examined how neighborhood physical conditions and social cohesion were associated with psychological well-being via pathway of self-management abilities among Chinese older adults living in Honolulu, Hawai’i. Results showed that, for the whole sample, neighborhood physical conditions and social cohesion were significantly associated with psychological well-being, and the main associations were mediated by self-management abilities in the amount of 34% and 60%, respectively. Similar results were found for the foreign-born, whereas for the U.S.-born, psychological well-being was significantly related to neighborhood physical conditions only. Our findings reveal the importance of neighborhood conditions and individual psychological resources on psychological well-being of Chinese older adults.
Generalizable cursor click decoding using grasp-related neural transients

Objective. Intracortical brain–computer interfaces (iBCI) have the potential to restore independence for individuals with significant motor or communication impairments. One of the most realistic avenues for clinical translation of iBCI technology is enabling control of a computer cursor—i.e. movement-related neural activity is interpreted (decoded) and used to drive cursor function. Here we aim to improve cursor click decoding to allow for both point-and-click and click-and-drag control. Approach. Using chronic microelectrode arrays implanted in the motor cortex of two participants with tetraplegia, we identified prominent neural responses related to attempted hand grasp. We then developed a new approach for decoding cursor click (hand grasp) based on the most salient responses. Main results. We found that the population-wide response contained three dominant components related to hand grasp: an onset transient response, a sustained response, and an offset transient response. The transient responses were larger in magnitude—and thus more reliably detected—than the sustained response, and a click decoder based on these transients outperformed the standard approach of binary state classification. Significance. A transient-based approach for identifying hand grasp can provide a high degree of cursor click control for both point-and-click and click-and-drag applications. This generalized click functionality is an important step toward high-performance cursor control and eventual clinical translation of iBCI technology.
Multiregional sequencing and circulating tumour DNA analysis provide complementary approaches for comprehensive disease profiling of small lymphocytic lymphoma

We aimed at molecularly dissecting the anatomical heterogeneity of small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), by analysing a cohort of 12 patients for whom paired DNA from a lymph node biopsy and circulating cells, as well as plasma‐circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) was available. Notably, the analyses of the lymph node biopsy and of circulating cells complement each other since a fraction of mutations (20·4% and 36·4%, respectively) are unique to each compartment. Plasma ctDNA identified two additional unique mutations. Consistently, the different synchronous sources of tumour DNA complement each other in informing on driver gene mutations in SLL harbouring potential prognostic and/or predictive value.
The effect of temperature on host patch exploitation by an egg parasitoid

The effect of temperature during host patch exploitation by parasitoids remains poorly understood, despite its importance on female reproductive success. Under laboratory conditions, we explored the behaviour of Anaphes listronoti, an egg parasitoid of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis, when foraging on a host patch at five temperatures. Temperature had a strong effect on the female tendency to exploit the patch: A. listronoti females parasitized more eggs at intermediate temperature (20 to 30°C) compared to those foraging at the extreme of the range (15.9°C and 32.8°C). However, there was no difference in offspring sex-ratio and clutch size between temperature treatments. Mechanisms of host acceptance within a patch differed between temperatures, especially at 32.8°C where females used ovipositor insertion rather than antennal contact to assess whether a host was already parasitized or not, suggesting that host handling and chemical cues detection were probably constrained at high temperature. Females spent less time on the host patch with increasing temperatures, but temperature had no effect on patch-leaving rules. Our results show that foraging A. listronoti females behave better than expected at sub-optimal temperatures, but worse than expected at supra-optimal temperatures. This could impair parasitoid performance under ongoing climate change.
Application of selected biosensor techniques in clinical diagnostics

ABSTRACT Introduction Examination of disease biomarkers mostly performed on crude materials, such as serum, meets some obstacles, resulting from sample complexity and the wide range of concentrations and sizes of the components. Techniques currently used in clinical diagnostics are usually time-consuming and expensive. The more sensitive and portable devices are needed for early diagnostics. Chemical sensors are devices that convert chemical information into parameters suitable for fast and precise processing and measurement. Area covered We review the use of biosensors and their possible application in early diagnostics of some diseases like cancer or viral infections. We focus on different types of biorecognition and some technical modifications, lowering the limit of detection potentially attractive to medical practitioners. Expert opinion Among the new diagnostic strategies, the use of biosensors is of increasing interest. In these techniques, the capture ligand interacts with the analyte of interest. Measuring interactions between partners in real time by surface plasmon resonance yields valuable information about kinetics and affinity in a short time and without labels. Importantly, the tendency in such techniques is to make biosensor devices smaller and the test results apparent with the naked eye, so they can be used in point-of-care medicine.
Molecular Epidemiology of Human Sapovirus among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Western Canada

Sapovirus is increasingly recognized as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide; however, studies of sapovirus prevalence, genetic diversity, and strain-specific clinical implications have been scarce. To fill this knowledge gap, we used reverse transcription–real-time PCR and sequencing of the partial major capsid protein VP1 gene to analyze stool specimens and rectal swabs obtained from 3,347 children with AGE and 1,355 asymptomatic controls (all <18 years old) collected between December 2014 and August 2018 in Alberta, Canada. ABSTRACT Sapovirus is increasingly recognized as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide; however, studies of sapovirus prevalence, genetic diversity, and strain-specific clinical implications have been scarce. To fill this knowledge gap, we used reverse transcription–real-time PCR and sequencing of the partial major capsid protein VP1 gene to analyze stool specimens and rectal swabs obtained from 3,347 children with AGE and 1,355 asymptomatic controls (all <18 years old) collected between December 2014 and August 2018 in Alberta, Canada. Sapovirus was identified in 9.5% (317/3347) of the children with AGE and 2.9% of controls. GI.1 (36%) was the predominant genotype identified, followed by GI.2 (18%), GII.5 (8%), and GII.3 (6%). Rare genotypes GII.1, GII.2, GV.1, GII.4, GIV.1, GI.3, and GI.7 were also seen. Sapovirus was detected year-round, peaking during the winter months of November to January. The exception was the 2016-2017 season, when GI.2 overtook GI.1 as the predominant strain, with a high detection rate persisting into April. We did not observe significant difference in the severity of gastroenteritis by genogroup or genotype. Repeated infection by sapovirus of different genogroups occurred in three controls who developed AGE later. Our data suggest that sapovirus is a common cause of AGE in children with high genetic diversity.
Phononic Thermal Transport along Graphene Grain Boundaries: A Hidden Vulnerability

While graphene grain boundaries (GBs) are well characterized experimentally, their influence on transport properties is less understood. As revealed here, phononic thermal transport is vulnerable to GBs even when they are ultra‐narrow and aligned along the temperature gradient direction. Non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations uncover large reductions in the phononic thermal conductivity (κp) along linear GBs comprising periodically repeating pentagon‐heptagon dislocations. Green's function calculations and spectral energy density analysis indicate that the origin of the κp reduction is hidden in the periodic GB strain field, which behaves as a reflective diffraction grating with either diffuse or specular phonon reflections, and represents a source of anharmonic phonon–phonon scattering. The non‐monotonic dependence with dislocation density of κp uncovered here is unaccounted for by the classical Klemens theory. It can help identify GB structures that can best preserve the integrity of the phononic transport.