Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
J ( In ) direct detection of boosted dark matter

We initiate the study of novel thermal dark matter (DM) scenarios where presentday annihilation of DM in the galactic center produces boosted stable particles in the dark sector. These stable particles are typically a subdominant DM component, but because they are produced with a large Lorentz boost in this process, they can be detected in large volume terrestrial experiments via neutral-current-like interactions with electrons or nuclei. This novel DM signal thus combines the production mechanism associated with indirect detection experiments (i.e. galactic DM annihilation) with the detection mechanism associated with direct detection experiments (i.e. DM scattering off terrestrial targets). Such processes are generically present in multi-component DM scenarios or those with non-minimal DM stabilization symmetries. As a proof of concept, we present a model of two-component thermal relic DM, where the dominant heavy DM species has no tree-level interactions with the standard model and thus largely evades direct and indirect DM bounds. Instead, its thermal relic abundance is set by annihilation into a subdominant lighter DM species, and the latter can be detected in the boosted channel via the same annihilation process occurring today. Especially for dark sector masses in the 10 MeV–10 GeV range, the most promising signals are electron scattering events pointing toward the galactic center. These can be detected in experiments designed for neutrino physics or proton decay, in particular Super-K and its upgrade Hyper-K, as well as the PINGU/MICA extensions of IceCube. This boosted DM phenomenon highlights the distinctive signatures possible from non-minimal dark sectors.
Flexible Composite Galois Field

Composite Galois Field GF ((2)) multiplications denote the multiplication with extension field over the ground field GF (2), that are used in cryptography and error correcting codes. In this paper, composite versatile and vector GF ((2)) multipliers are proposed. The proposed versatile GF ((2)) multiplier design is used to perform the GF ((2)) multiplication, where 2 ≤ x ≤ m. The proposed vector GF ((2)) multiplier design is used to perform 2 numbers of GF ((2 m 2k )) multiplications in parallel, where throughput is comparatively higher than other designs and k ∈ {0, 1, . (log2m)− 1)}. In both the works, the hardware cost is the trade-off while the flexibility is high. The proposed and existing multipliers are synthesised and compared using 45 nm CMOS technology. The throughputs of the proposed parallel and serial vector GF ((2)) multipliers are 72.7% and 53.62% greater than Karatsuba based multiplier design [11] respectively. Mohamed Asan Basiri M and Sandeep K Shukla, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Utter Pradesh 208016, India
A DIRECT METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF VENOUS PRESSURE; RELATIONSHIP OF TISSUE PRESSURE TO VENOUS PRESSURE.

Previous observations (2) indicate that there is a positive pressure in the tissue spaces. It is obvious that any pressure manipulations of the tissues must take into consideration this extravascular, or tissue, pressure. Tissue pressure is exerted upon all the contained structures, including the blood vessels and opposes the intravascular pressure. In the arterial tree, where the intravascular pressures are high, this is relatively insignificant. However, in the venous vessels, where the intravascular pressure approaches the tissue pressure, particularly above heart level, this effect becomes increasingly important. The present study is concerned with an evaluation of the interplay of these pressures and their influence upon the determination of venous pressure by indirect methods.
Effect of a surgical aortocaval fistula on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension

ObjectiveIncreased pulmonary blood flow is believed to contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension. We investigated the effect of overcirculation via an aortocaval fistula, on the development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Monocrotaline was administered 1 wk after the creation of an aortocaval fistula. DesignRandomized, controlled study. SettingResearch laboratory of an academic institution. SubjectsMale Sprague-Dawley rats. InterventionsOvercirculation was induced by pneumonectomy and by surgical creation of aortocaval fistula. Pulmonary artery hypertension was induced by administration of monocrotaline. Measurements and Main ResultsAortic blood flow, Pao2, and pulmonary arterial pressure were measured 4 wks later. A blinded investigator quantified pulmonary arterial neointimal formation in small pulmonary arteries. Compared with animals that received monocrotaline and/or underwent pneumonectomy but did not undergo aortocaval fistula, the presence of a surgical aortocaval fistula was associated with increased aortic blood flow (p < .001), increased Pao2 (p < .001), and lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure (p < .001). In addition, rats with aortocaval fistula had less pulmonary arterial neointimal formation than matched animals without an aortocaval fistula (p = .034). ConclusionsThe presence of a surgical aortocaval fistula attenuates, rather than worsens, the development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.
Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on local-regional disease in women with operable breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-18.

PURPOSE To determine whether preoperative doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) permits more lumpectomies to be performed and decreases the incidence of positive nodes in women with primary breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women (n = 1,523) were randomized to National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-18; 759 eligible patients received postoperative AC and 747, preoperative AC. The clinical size of breast and axillary tumors was determined before each of four cycles of AC and before surgery. Tumor response to preoperative therapy was clinically complete (cCR), partial (cPR), stable (cSD), or progressive disease (cPD). Tissue from patients with a cCR was evaluated for a pathologic complete response (pCR). RESULTS Breast tumor size was reduced in 80% of patients after preoperative therapy; 36% had a cCR. Tumor size and clinical nodal status were independent predictors of cCR. Twenty-six percent of women with a cCR had a pCR. Clinical nodal response occurred in 89% of node-positive patients: 73% had a cCR and 44% of those had a pCR. There was a 37% increase in the incidence of pathologically negative nodes. Before randomization, lumpectomy was proposed for 86% of women with tumors < or = 2 cm, 70% with tumors 2.1 to 5.0 cm, and 3% with tumors > or = 5.1 cm. Clinical tumor size and nodal status influenced the physician's decision. Overall, 12% more lumpectomies were performed in the preoperative group; in women with tumors > or = 5.1 cm, there was a 175% increase. CONCLUSION Preoperative therapy reduced the size of most breast tumors and decreased the incidence of positive nodes. The greatest increase in lumpectomy after preoperative therapy occurred in women with tumors > or = 5 cm, since women with tumors less than 5 cm were already lumpectomy candidates. Preoperative therapy should be considered for the initial management of breast tumors judged too large for lumpectomy.
Requirement for N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive Factor Activity at Different Stages of Bacterial Invasion and Phagocytosis*

Bacterial invasion, like the process of phagocytosis, involves extensive and localized protrusion of the host cell plasma membrane. To examine the molecular mechanisms of the membrane remodeling that accompanies bacterial invasion,soluble NSF attachment proteinreceptor (SNARE)-mediated membrane traffic was studied in cultured cells during infection by Salmonella typhimurium. A green fluorescent protein-tagged chimera of VAMP3, a SNARE characteristic of recycling endosomes, was found to accumulate at sites of Salmonella invasion. To analyze the possible role of SNARE-mediated membrane traffic in bacterial infection, invasion was measured in cells expressing a dominant-negative form of N -ethylmaleimide-sensitivefactor (NSF), an essential regulator of membrane fusion. Inhibition of NSF activity did not affect cellular invasion by S. typhimurium nor the associated membrane remodeling. By contrast, Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis was greatly reduced in the presence of the mutant NSF. Most important, dominant-negative NSF significantly impaired the fusion of Salmonella-containing vacuoles with endomembranes. These observations indicate that the membrane protrusions elicited by Salmonella invasion, unlike those involved in phagocytosis, occur via an NSF-independent mechanism, whereas maturation of Salmonella-containing vacuoles is NSF-dependent.
Backscattering from width variations in quasi-one-dimensional strips of topological insulators

Conductance modulations in wide–narrow–wide electron waveguides constructed from a two-dimensional topological insulator are investigated numerically. The conductance exhibits the Fabry–Perot oscillation at the opening of the helical edge states in the narrow segment when the potential offset imposed in the segment is varied. The quantum multiple reflections between the two ends of the narrow segment manifested by the oscillation demonstrate that the topological states are not protected from the scattering caused by an abrupt change in the channel width. The bulk states do not affect the vulnerability against the geometry scattering but they give rise to resonant transmission in an unconventional fashion.
Defining Hormesis: Evaluation of a Complex Concentration Response Phenomenon

Hormesis describes dose-response relationships characterized by a reversal of response between low and high doses of chemicals, biological molecules, physical stressors, or other initiators of a response. Acceptance of hormesis as a viable dose-response theory has been limited until recently, in part, because of poor conceptual understanding, ad hoc and inappropriate use, and lack of a defined mechanism. By examining the history of this dose-response theory, it is clear that both pharmacological and toxicological studies provide evidence for hormetic dose responses, but retrospective examination of studies can be problematic at best. Limited scientific evidence and lack of a common lexicon with which to describe these responses have left hormesis open to inappropriate application to unrelated dose-response relationships. Future studies should examine low-dose effects using unbiased, descriptive criteria to further the scientific understanding of this dose response. A clear, concise definition is required to further the limited scientific evidence for hormetic dose responses.
Comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis

Purpose of reviewThe aim of this study was to give an overview of recently published articles covering comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis with a specific focus on their implications in daily practice and clinical research studies. Recent findingsRecent studies have confirmed the higher incidence/prevalence of some comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis such as atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases, some cancers, infections and osteoporosis. Apart from the interest in the underlying pathophysiological pathway, such studies have pointed out the impact of comorbidities on the course of the disease and also on the efficacy and tolerability of frequently used antirheumatic drugs. Such findings have prompted the rheumatology community to propose a standardized way to collect and to prevent these comorbidities. SummarySeveral comorbidities are frequently observed in rheumatoid arthritis because of the persistent activity of the disease and/or because of the administered antirheumatic therapies. Programs to adequately collect these comorbidities and/or prevent them are resulting in a better outcome for rheumatoid arthritis patients.
The influence of isolation on the learning of surrounding materials.

The degree to which an experience stands out from its fellows is an important determinant of the ease with which it can be recalled. This proposition, readily apparent to the layman, has long been accepted by psychologists as a principle of learning. Most of the sets of 'Laws of Association' propounded by the British Associationists contained a law of 'Vividness. ' More recently, Von Restorff modified and sharpened the concept and made it an important part of gestalt learning theory. ' Her work pointed out that 'vividness' is a relative matter and suggested that 'isolation' was a more accurate descriptive term.
Propagation and band broadening effect of planar ridged substrate-integrated waveguide (RSIW)

To improve the bandwidth of the SIW, a planar ridged substrate-integrated waveguide (RSIW) with a center line of cylindrical posts is proposed. Theoretical design formulas are derived. The bandwidth is defined as between the cutoffs of TE10 and TE20 modes of the RSIW. The modes are made equivalent to those of a transmission line cavity, across the transverse plane, and the cavity is loaded by a ridge of capacitive posts. Good agreements are observed between the theoretical formulas and numerical simulations. A 37% bandwidth enhancement is achieved. Higher enhancement is possible.
Design of an Ultra-High-Speed Permanent-Magnet Motor for an Electric Turbocharger Considering Speed Response Characteristics

This paper presents a design methodology and analysis for a 4-kW 150-krpm ultra-high-speed surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) to electrically assist a turbocharger. The proposed design methodology is aimed at achieving a required torque and speed. In addition, this study seeks a fast-speed response as a design objective to eliminate turbo lag more effectively. First, an existing prototype that does not meet the target performance is presented. The loss for the prototype, which is difficult to obtain theoretically, is obtained experimentally and reflected in the design. The speed response characteristic of the machine is analyzed through the electromechanical undamped natural frequency and damping ratio. Design parameters such as the permanent-magnet (PM) grade, the turn number of coils, and the axial length of the motor are designed. The resulting improved motor achieves higher power density as well as faster speed response than the prototype. Experiments verified the effectiveness of the motor in the electrically assisted turbocharger. In system experiments with the turbocharger, the rising speed of the boost pressure is improved by 44.9% due to the designed motor.
Intracisternal A-particle genes in Mus musculus: a conserved family of retrovirus-like elements

The structural organization of intracisternal A-particle genes has been studied, using isolates from a mouse gene library in lambda phage Charon 4A. The predominant gene form among the isolates was 7.3 kilobases (kb) in length. R-loops between the 7-kb (35S) A-particle genomic ribonucleic acid and several of these genes were colinear, with no visible evidence of intervening deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. One recombinant was found with an A-particle gene that contained a 1.7-kb deletion. Using the deletion as a reference, the deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid homology regions were localized with respect to one another and to the restriction map: the 5' terminus of the ribonucleic acid was several hundred base pairs within the 5' end of the deoxyribonucleic acid homology region. Restriction endonuclease fragments encompassing the 5' and 3' regions of one 7.3-kb gene were separately subcloned into pBR322. Heteroduplexes between the two subclones revealed an approximately 300-base pair segment of terminally redundant sequences. The cloned 3' fragment hybridized with restriction fragments from the 5' end of several other A-particle genes, demonstrating the presence of common (though not necessarily identical) terminally repeated sequences. A-particle genes varied in the occurrence of specific restriction sites at characteristic internal loci. However, heteroduplexes between several variant 7.3-kb genes showed continuous homology regions even when spread under stringent hybridization conditions. The relative abundance of restriction site variants was highly conserved in 12 laboratory strains of Mus musculus, in embryonic and adult tissues of a single inbred strain, and in the SC-1 cell line of feral mouse origin, but appeared to differ in a feral Japanese substrain, Mus musculus molossinus. Some evidence suggests that subsets of A-particle genes may have similar flanking sequences. The results are discussed in terms of the evolution of this multigene family.
Antagonistic regulation of the Drosophila PCNA gene promoter by DREF and Cut

The gene promoter of Drosophila proliferating cell nuclear antigen (dPCNA) contains several transcriptional regulatory elements, such as upstream regulatory element (URE), DNA replication‐related element (DRE, 5′‐TATCGATA), and E2F recognition sites. In the present study, a yeast one‐hybrid screen using three tandem repeats of DRE in dPCNA promoter as the bait allowed isolation of a cDNA encoding Cut, a Drosophila homolog of mammalian CCAAT‐displacement protein (CDP)/Cux. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that Cut bound to both DRE and the sequence 5′‐AATCAAAC in URE, with much higher affinity to the former. Measurement of dPCNA promoter activity by transient luciferase expression assays in Drosophila S2 cells after an RNA interference for Cut or DREF showed DREF activates the dPCNA promoter while Cut functions as a repressor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in the presence or absence of 20‐hydroxyecdysone further showed both DREF and Cut proteins to be localized in the genomic region containing the dPCNA promoter in S2 cells, especially in the Cut case upon induction of differentiation. These results indicate that Cut functions as a transcriptional repressor of dPCNA gene by binding to the promoter region in the differentiated state, while DREF binds to DRE to promote expression of dPCNA during cell proliferation.
Evolving the Ecosystem of Personal Behavioral Data Running Head : Ecosystem of Personal Data

Everyday, people generate lots of personal data. Driven by the increasing use of online services and widespread adoption of smartphones (owned by 68% of U.S. residents (Anderson, 2015)), personal data takes many forms including: communications (e.g. email, SMS, Facebook), plans and coordination (e.g. calendars, TripIt, to-do lists), entertainment consumption (e.g. YouTube, Spotify, Netflix), finances (e.g. banking, Amazon, eBay), activities (e.g. steps, runs, check-ins), and even healthcare (e.g. doctor visits, medications, heartrate). Collectively, this data provides a highly detailed description of an individual. Personal data affords the opportunity for many new kinds of applications that might improve people’s lives through deep personalization, tools to manage personal wellbeing, and services that support identity construction. However, developers currently encounter challenges working with personal data due to its fragmentation across services. This paper evaluates the landscape of personal data including the systemic forces that created current fragmented collections of data and the process required for integrating data from across services into an application. It details challenges the fragmented ecosystem imposes. Finally, it contributes Phenom, an experimental system that addresses these challenges, making it easier to develop applications that access personal data and providing users with greater control over how their data gets used.
Tracheobronchial epithelium of the sheep: IV. Lectin histochemical characterization of secretory epithelial cells

Conventional histochemical characterization of the mucus secretory apparatus is often difficult to reconcile with the biochemical analysis of respiratory secretions. This study was designed to examine the secretory glycoconjugates in airways using lectins with biochemically defined affinities for main sugar residues of mucus. We used five biotinylated lectins—DBA (Dolichos biflorus) and SBA (Glycine max) for N‐acetyl galactosamine (gaINAc), BSAI (Bandeiraea simplicifolia) and PNA (Arachis hypogea) for galactose (gal), UEA I (Ulex europeus)—for detection of fucose (fuc) in HgCl2 ‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, serially sectioned trachea, lobar and segmental bronchi and bronchioles of nine sheep. Lectins selectively localized the carbohydrate residues in lumminal secretions, on epithelial cell surfaces, and in secretory cells. Inp proximal airways, the major carbohydrate residues in luminal secretions, cell surfaces, goblet cells, and glands were fuc and gal‐NAc. PNA reacted mainly with apical granules of < 10% of goblet cells, and gal residues were only detected in some of the mucous cells and on basolateral cell surfaces. Distal airways contained sparse secretion in the lumen, mucous cells containde weakly reactive fuc and gal‐NAc, and the epithelial surfaces of Clara cells contained gal. Sugars abundant in the airway secretions were also the major component of cells in glands. We conclude that there is a correlation between specific sugar residues in secretory cells, glycocalyx, and luminal secretions in proximal and distal airways. This suggests that lectins may be used to obtain information about airway secretory cell composition from respiratory secretions.
On the interpretation of the steric and mass components of sea level variability: The case of the Mediterranean basin

[1] A common practice in sea level research is to analyze separately the variability of the steric and mass components of sea level. However, there are conceptual and practical issues that have sometimes been misinterpreted, leading to erroneous and contradictory conclusions on regional sea level variability. The crucial point to be noted is that the steric component does not account for volume changes but does for volume changes per mass unit (i.e., density changes). This indicates that the steric component only represents actual volume changes when the mass of the considered water body remains constant. This is for instance the case of thermal expansions/contractions due to surface heat fluxes. Conversely, salinity changes are often linked to net mass changes and therefore not only affect the steric component but also imply a change in the mass component that must be considered when quantifying the overall sea level budget. In this paper, we clarify the interpretation of the steric and mass components by identifying the main physical processes contributing to each of them, with particular emphasis on the role of salinity. The case of the Mediterranean Sea is examined as a paradigmatic example of a semienclosed basin where sea level components must be carefully interpreted. Because of the significant salinity changes shown by most projections of the Mediterranean climate, a misinterpretation of the steric and mass components can lead to underestimations of ~40 cm in the sea level of the Mediterranean Sea projected for the end of the 21st century.