Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of slope aspect and slope position on spatial distribution of soil nutrients of Paulownia fortunei plantation

The Paulownia fortunei plantations in the hilly region of Xianning city of Hubei province were selected as the Paulownia test base, in order to study the effects of slope aspect and slope position on spatial distribution of soil nutrients of P. fortunei plantations. The spatial distribution differences of soil nutrients in different slopes and slope position of the region were determined, compared and analyzed. The results show that 1 the effects of slope position on spatial distributions of four nutrient indicators all were significant level and above, the effects of slope aspect and position on spatial distributions of soil available P and available K both reached extremely significant levels. 2 By using the standardized data of the above four nutrient indexes within the range of 0~40 cm soils for clustering analysis, the results are divided into three categories,the first category including lower part of southern slope, eastern slope, north slope and western slope; the second category including the middle part and upper part of north slope and eastern slope;the third category including middle part and upper part of southern slope and western slope. 3 Between the three categories, comparing the first category with the second category, the soil organic matter content was 29.02% percent higher than that of the second category, TN content was 28.77% percent higher, effective phosphorus content was 257.37% percent higher, effective potassium content is 23.69% percent higher, therefore the first category can be regarded as the most suitable slope aspect and slope position; comparing the second category with the third category, the soil organic matter content was 7.84% percent higher than that of the second category, TN content was 11.30% percent higher, effective phosphorus content was 76.56% percent less, effective potassium content was 5.59% percent less, so the soil nutrient contents of 2nd category and 3rd category were not as good as that ofthe 1th category as a whole.
An Integer Coding Based Optimization Model for Queen Problems

Queen problems are unstructured problems, whose solution scheme can be applied in the actual job scheduling. As for the n-queen problem, backtracking algorithm is considered as an effective approach when the value of n is small. However, in case the value of n is large, the phenomenon of combination explosion is expected to occur. In order to solve the aforementioned problem, queen problems are firstly converted into the problem of function optimization with constraints, and then the corresponding mathematical model is established. Afterwards, the n-queen problem is solved by constructing the genetic operators and adaption functions using the integer coding based on the population search technology of the evolutionary computation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is endowed with rapid calculation speed and high efficiency, and the model presents simple structure and is readily implemented.
High Pivotal Temperature in the Sex Determination of the Olive Ridley Sea Turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea, from Playa Nancite, Costa Rica

A variety of reptiles possess temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), including all species of sea turtles examined to date (reviewed byJanzen and Paukstis, 1991; Mrosovsky, 1994). The evolutionary, ecological, and conservational implications of TSD are not clear, but a knowledge of naturally occurring sex ratios is a prerequisite to addressing these issues. In the case of endangered sea turtles, the monitoring of nest temperatures can provide a simple and nonlethal means of estimating hatchling sex ratios. However, the accurate use of nest temperature to estimate sex ratio requires a knowledge of the pivotal temperature (temperature producing a 1:1 sex ratio) and the transitional range of temperature or TRT (range of temperature in which sex ratios shift from all males to all females; Mrosovsky and Pieau, 1991; Mrosovsky 1994). Further, an understanding of how these parameters vary between populations can provide insight into the ecological and evolutionary significance of TSD. Pivotal temperatures and TRTs have been estimated for sea tur-
Effects of pyrethroid insecticides on nontarget invertebrates in aquatic ecosystems

This review presents data on t.he impacts of pyreihroid insecticides on nontarget aquatic invertebrates. Toxicological information on both photolnbile and photostable pyrethroids against insects and mammals has been evaluated. A detailed analysis is also provided on the contamination of nquatic habitats by pyrethroids through direct, purposeful usc in pest control, and indirect routes such as spray drift, run-off and erosion processes. Based on laboratory data, some of the photostable and more effect.ive compounds could be ranked in order of decreasing toxicity to nontarget species as: permethl"in = fenvalerate < cypermethrin < deltamethrin. In field studies, depending on their use pattern in agricultural, silvicultural and public health pest control programs, nontarget aquatic insects such as Ephemcl'optera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Trichoptera, and crustacean groups such as Clndocera, Ostracoda, Copepoda, Amphipodn, Isopoda and Decapoda, were more severely affected by exposure to pyreth"oids than other invertebrates. In most of these cases, however, the population recovery of affected species to pretreatment levels was noticed within weekH to months after application. Moreover, the impact of these transient effects of pyrethroids on nontarget fauna resulted in short-term reductions in the populations of dependent fish species in aquatic ecosystems.
Revision of the Surinam Catfishes of the genus Corydoras Lacépède, 1803 (Pisces, Siluriformes, Callichthyidae)

During recent expeditions to Surinam, large ichthyological collections have been made from nearly all river systems by several ichthyologists, one of which was the author. Because of new information provided by the especially rich collections of Corydoras, a revision of the Surinam species and subspecies of this genus was thought necessary. This revision is based on 5211 specimens belonging to seventeen species and subspecies of which seven are new to science, viz., C. bondi coppenamensis, C. guianensis, C. heteromorphus, C. octocirrus, C. oelemariensis, C. schwartzi surinamensis and C. saramaccensis. A key to the Surinam species is provided and the taxonomic value of several characters is discussed. The distribution of the different groups within the genus Corydoras is discussed and remarks on ecology and ethology of Surinam species are given.
Identification of combinatorial and singular genomic signatures of host adaptation in influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes

Background The underlying strategies used by influenza A viruses (IAVs) to adapt to new hosts while crossing the species barrier are complex and yet to be understood completely. Several studies have been published identifying singular genomic signatures that indicate such a host switch. The complexity of the problem suggested that in addition to the singular signatures, there might be a combinatorial use of such genomic features, in nature, defining adaptation to hosts. Results We used computational rule-based modeling to identify combinatorial sets of interacting amino acid (aa) residues in 12 proteins of IAVs of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes. We built highly accurate rule-based models for each protein that could differentiate between viral aa sequences coming from avian and human hosts,. We found 68 combinations of aa residues associated to host adaptation (HAd) on HA, M1, M2, NP, NS1, NEP, PA, PA-X, PB1 and PB2 proteins of the H1N1 subtype and 24 on M1, M2, NEP, PB1 and PB2 proteins of the H3N2 subtypes. In addition to these combinations, we found 132 novel singular aa signatures distributed among all proteins, including the newly discovered PA-X protein, of both subtypes. We showed that HA, NA, NP, NS1, NEP, PA-X and PA proteins of the H1N1 subtype carry H1N1-specific and HA, NA, PA-X, PA, PB1-F2 and PB1 of the H3N2 subtype carry H3N2-specific HAd signatures. M1, M2, PB1-F2, PB1 and PB2 of H1N1 subtype, in addition to H1N1 signatures, also carry H3N2 signatures. Similarly M1, M2, NP, NS1, NEP and PB2 of H3N2 subtype were shown to carry both H3N2 and H1N1 HAd signatures. Conclusions To sum it up, we computationally constructed simple IF-THEN rule-based models that could distinguish between aa sequences of virus particles originating from avian and human hosts. From the rules we identified combinations of aa residues as signatures facilitating the adaptation to specific hosts. The identification of combinatorial aa signatures suggests that the process of adaptation of IAVs to a new host is more complex than previously suggested. The present study provides a basis for further detailed studies with the aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms providing the foundation for the adaptation process.
53. Fate and Transport of Organic Constituents during Groundwater Recharge Using Water of Impaired Quality

An increasing number of municipalities worldwide are obtaining their drinking water from sources impaired by agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, or discharge from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Subsurface infiltration of water of impaired quality leading to groundwater recharge offers both additional treatment and storage assets. There is, however, concern that some compounds associated with potential adverse health effects can survive this treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the fate and transport of bulk and trace organics associated with potential adverse health effects present in water of impaired quality during groundwater recharge. The fat of organics was investigated using full-scale infiltration facilities in the southwestern United States of America. The results of these studies generally demonstrated that bulk organic matter after groundwater recharge overlapped extensively with naturally-derived organic matter based upon chemical characteristics such as elemental analysis and structural analysis. Trace organics such as selected endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceutical residues were effectively removed during travel times of several weeks. However, some pharmaceuticals were not removed during groundwater recharge under either anoxic saturated or aerobic unsaturated flow conditions.
Peripubertal Weight Status and Growth: Associations with Preterm Birth and Exposures to Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds.

Background: Preterm birth has been associated with adverse health profiles including impaired insulin sensitivity and increased truncal fat patterning in adolescence. In developing countries such as Mexico, changing environments coupled with preterm birth may deleteriously impact the development of health risks. Objective: This study examines the association of preterm birth with adolescent obesity and markers of weight status and fat distribution among Mexico City adolescents. Methods: Among 722 youths aged 6-17, we estimated differences in BMI and waist circumference by categories of premature birth (gestational age<37 weeks;N= 41;5.7%) using linear regression. In addition, we estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for obesity during adolescence according to preterm birth using logistic regression models adjusted for adolescent age, sex, and mother’s age, education, marital status, smoking during pregnancy, and obesity. Results: Premature birth was not associated with obesity (OR=1.03; 95%CI:0.43, 2.39), but sex-stratified models show possible differences by sex, with a suggestive increase in odds of obesity for females (OR=1.33; 95%CI:0.33, 5.24) but decrease for
Molecular Characterization of Culex theileri from Canary Islands, Spain, aPotential Vector of Dirofilaria immitis

Dirofilaria immitis is the causal agent of heartworm diseases and of human pulmonary dirofilariosis. The infection is transmitted by several species of culicid mosquitoes that are frequently able to bite both animal reservoirs and humans. Canary Islands (Spain) constitute a well documented endemic area of canine dirofilariosis in which the mosquito species involved in the transmission of D. immitis are not known. The objectives of the present work were the identification of vectors of this parasite in Canary Islands and their molecular characterization. A total of 1219 female mosquitoes were captured. The most abundant species was Culex theileri (52.26%) followed by Cx. pipiens (35.44%), Anopheles cinereus hispaniola (6.23%), Culiseta longiareolata (5.74%), and Culex laticintus (0.33%). PCR was applied for the detection of larval D. immitis DNA in mosquitoes. D. immitis DNA was observed in the abdomen of one Cx. theileri female: 0.082% of the entire mosquito population and 0.17% in Cx. theileri. A molecular identification of Cx. theileri, the potential mosquito vector of dirofilariosis in this zoonotic focus in Canary Islands of Spain, has been made for first time based on sequences of the 18S rRNA gene, the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA and the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene of mitochondrial DNA, allowing a broad mosquito molecular basis for future populations genetic analyses of this vector species. Parasitological and entomological molecular results suggest that Cx. theileri is a potential natural vector of D. immitis in Canary Islands.
Diversitas Genetik dan Hubungan Kekerabatan Kambing Lokal Indonesia Menggunakan Marker DNA Mikrosatelit

ZEIN, M.S.A. , S. SULANDARI, MULADNO, SUBANDRIYO and RIWANTORO. 2012. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Indonesian Local goats using microsatellite DNA markers. JITV 17(1): 25-35. Genetic diversity is important information in the process of conservation and sustainable utilization of animal genetic resources. Thirteen microsatellite markers were used to estimate the degree of genetic diversity on five Indonesian local goats. Results showed the highest average allele diversity present in the locus MAF70 (5.6 ± 2.9), and the lowest was in the locus MAF035 (1.6 ± 0.6), the average number of alleles per locus was 6 ± 2.3. The lowest average alleles diversity present was in the Gembrong goat (2.2 ± 1.1) and the highest was in the Jawarandu goat (4.9 ± 2.2). There is a unique alleles at loci MCM527 and present in all Indonesian local goat with the highest allele frequency on Peranakan Etawa (37.2%) and lowest in Gembrong goat (7.9%). H0 ranged from 0.372 ± 0.173 (Gembrong) to 0.540 ± 0.204 (Peranakan Etawa), and HE ranging from 0.249 ± 0.196 (Gembrong) to 0.540 ± 0.212 (Peranakan Etawa). The genetic differentiation for inbreeding among population (FIS), within population (FIT), and average genetic differention (FST) were 0.0208, 0.1532 and 0.1352, respectively. Locus ILSTS029, BMS1494, MAF035 and INRA0132 had a low PIC value (PIC 0.5. Phylogenetic relationship was consistent with the history of its development based on Kacang goat except was for Gembrong Goat. This research information can be used for conservation strategies and breeding programs on each population of Indonesian local goat.
University of Groningen Optimal selection of households for direct marketing by joint modeling of the probability and quantity of response Otter,

We present several methods for the maximization of expected profits when households are selected from a mailing list for a direct mail campaign. The response elicited from the campaign can vary over households, as is the case with fund raising or mail order selling. The decisions taken by the household are (a) whether to respond and, in the case of response, (b) the quantity of response, e.g. the sum donated or the monetary amount of the order. We jointly model both decisions and derive a number of profit maximizing selection methods. We empirically illustrate the methods using a data set from a charitable foundation. It appears that modeling both aspects of the response yields considerably higher profits relative to selection methods that are based on solely modeling the response probability.
Identification and functional characterization of necrotrophic effectors in Parastagonospora nodorum

Parastagonospora nodorum is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) on wheat. P. nodorum produces necrotrophic effectors (NE) that are recognized by dominant host sensitivity gene products resulting in disease development. To date, nine NE-host sensitivity gene interactions have been identified. Here, I used a wheat mapping population that segregated for sensitivity to two previously characterized interactions (SnTox1Snn1 and SnTox3-Snn3-B1) to identify and characterize a new interaction involving the NE (SnTox6) and the host sensitivity gene (Snn6). SnTox6 is a small secreted protein that induces necrosis on wheat lines harboring Snn6. The SnTox6-Snn6 interaction was light dependent and underlay a major disease susceptibility QTL. No other QTL were identified even though the P. nodorum isolate used in this study harbored both the SnTox1 and SnTox3 genes. This work expands our knowledge of the wheat-P. nodorum interaction and further establishes this system as a model for necrotrophic specialist pathosystems.
Microarray analysis of PDGFRα[+] populations in ES cell differentiation culture identifies genes involved in differentiation of mesoderm and mesenchyme including ARID3b that is essential for development of embryonic mesenchymal cells

An inherent difficulty in using DNA microarray technology on the early mouse embryo is its relatively small size. In this study, we investigated whether use of ES cell differentiation culture, which has no theoretical limit in the number of cells that can be generated, can improve this situation. Seven distinct ES cell-derived populations were analyzed by DNA microarray and examined for genes whose distribution patterns are similar to those of PDGFRu, a gene implicated in differentiation of mesodermlmesenchymallineages. Using software developed in our lab, we formed a group of 30 genes which showed the highest similarity to PDGFRu, 18 of these genes were shown to be involved in development of either mesodermal, mesenchymal or neural crest cells. 1bis list also contains several genes whose role in embryogenesis has not yet been fully identified. The mARID3b expression is found in the paraxial mesoderm and cranial mesenchyme. mouse showed early embryonic lethality and most phenotypes of this mutant appear to develop from a failure to generate a sufficient number of cranial mesenchymal cells. These results demonstrate the potential use of ES cell differentiation culture in identifying novel genes playing an indispensable role in embryogenesis. cell microarray analysis for genes involved in
Revisão de Oenopiella Bergoth, 1891 (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Carpocorini)

10 Resumo . 10 Introdução . 11 Material e Métodos . 12 Chave para as espécies do gênero Oenopiella . 13 Oenopiella . 14 O. unidentata . 18 O. punctaria. 20 O. pallidula . 23 Oenopiella sp. nov. 1 . 25 Oenopiella sp. nov. 2 . 26 Referências . 29 Figuras . 33 1. Vista dorsal das cinco espécies . 33 2. Cabeça: vista dorsal . 34 3. Pronoto e escutelo vista dorsal . 35 4. Pigóforo: vistas ventral, dorsal e posterior . 36 5. Pigóforo: vista posterior . 37 6. Pigóforos dissecados: vistas dorsal, posterior e ventral . 38 7. Parâmero: vista dorsal, lateral externa e lateral interna; Phallus: vista lateral, ventral e dorsal . 39 8. Genitália feminina externa . 40 9. Genitália feminina interna . 41 10. Mapa de distribuição das espécies . 42 Tabela 1 . 43 Considerações finais . 44 Anexo I: normas editoriais para Zootaxa . 45
Contribution of complement anaphylatoxin receptors to melanoma growth: potential therapeutic targets

i DECLARATION BY AUTHOR . v PUBLICATIONS DURING CANDIDATURE.vi CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS.vi PUBLICATIONS INCLUDED IN THESIS.vi CONTRIBUTIONS BY OTHERS TO THE THESIS. vii STATEMENT OF PARTS OF THE THESIS SUBMITTED TO QUALIFY FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.viii
Chemical composition of cornicle secretion of the brown citrus aphid Toxoptera citricida

Brown citrus aphid Toxoptera citricida Kirkadly is considered as an important pest of citrus because it vectors citrus tristeza closterovirus. Aphids secrete a fluid from their cornicles as a defensive mechanism against natural enemies. Earlier studies on cornicle secretions of aphids focus only on triglycerides and fatty acids. In the present study, three different methods are used to investigate the chemical composition of the cornicle fluid of T. citricida. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection is used to detect and quantify the triglycerides after trimethylsilyl derivatization, and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) is used to determine the fatty acid composition after derivatization with boron trifluoride–methanol. Other compounds are detected using GC‐MS after methoxyamine hydrochloride and N‐methyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide derivatization. The major fatty acid in the cornicle secretion of T. citricida is palmitic acid. Oleic, stearic, myristic, myristoleic and sorbic acids are also detected, although in low amounts. Sorboyl, dipalmitoyl (C6‐2, C16, C16) and disorboyl, stearoyl (C6‐2, C6‐2, C18) are the main triglycerides detected in cornicle secretion. Trehalose is the most predominant sugar (558.2 mm), followed by glucose (92.0 mm) and inositol (48.8 mm). Many amino acids, including proline, glycine, alanine and serine, are also detected. In addition, the cornicle secretion is rich in many organic acids, including malic, citric, succinic and lactic acid. Information obtained from the present study improves our understanding of the chemical composition of the cornicle secretion of the brown citrus aphid.
Cold-induced apolysis in anecdysial brachyurans

Several integumentary tissues of brachyuran crabs separate from the exoskeleton (undergo apolysis) when exposed to low temperatures (0°C) for one hour or longer. Apolysis did not occur in crabs held at room temperature for the same length of time following the destruction of the subesophageal ganglia i.e., the phenomenon was not due to the death of the animals. Apolysis did occur in animals chilled following ganglionectomy. Cold-induced apolysis occurred in species of seven families of brachyurans distributed throughout tropical, North Atlantic, or Pacific Northwest habitats. Therefore, it is not merely due to chilling subtropical animals. Adult majid crabs, which are in terminal anecdysis, underwent cold-induced apolysis as did Bermuda land crabs, the latter in all stages ofthe molt cycle tested. Chilling in vitro also induced apolysis in isolated pieces of integumentary tissue. The biological significance of these observations is that the mechanisms underlying apolysis may be activated in the integument.