Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Creating Knowledge Assets under Biocapitalism: Analyzing China’s Biomedical Industry and Its Patent Networks

Abstract Breakthroughs in biotechnology, globalizing intellectual property rights legislations, and growing venture capital in the past thirty years have given rise to new forms of capitalist accumulation that scholars called biocapitalism. Bioscientific knowledge under biocapitalism is increasingly parceled out from a global common to private enclosures for biotech and pharmaceutical companies, contributing to vast inequalities and fractures of global access to innovation evident in the COVID-19 pandemic. The assetization and financialization of knowledge have shifted the ground of innovation from competitive commodity production and exchanges to generating, managing, and commercializing patents and associated monopoly rights, thus raising the challenges of innovation for those developing countries specialized in production. Many Asian countries have invested heavily in biomedical sciences to enhance their knowledge assets but had limited success in translating the scientific development to a globally significant biomedical industry. This article discusses the evolution of China’s biomedical industry from a technological laggard to a recent innovation boom after a regulatory overhaul in 2015. Analyzing the patent collaborative networks of China’s biomedical industry since 2003, we found the central roles of domestic public research institutions, in contrast to multinational corporations, as cutting-edge knowledge providers. We argue that China’s path of the biomedical industry is distinct from its other technology industries that rely on multinational corporations for core knowledge. It represents a national articulation in response to global biocapitalism by situating the domestic research institutions and biomedical firms at the center of knowledge assets production and engaging globally in the science and drug regulatory systems.
A lesson learned about cannon-launched guided projectiles

During early flight testing of the 155 mm Copperhead guided projectile, two rounds impacted short of the target. This paper addresses how the problem was identified and corrected. Post-flight analysis indicated that aerodynamic maneuverability was less than that predicted by wind tunnel tests. The cause was traced to the presence of full slots at the base of the fins and wings, which permitted more air flow to enter the aft section of the projectile than the slot configuration used on the wind tunnel model. Fins and wings are deployed through these slots after the projectile clears the gun tube. The actual slot configuration was found to reduce the pressure distribution on the wings located forward of the control fins and to alter down wash,characteristics on the fins. The net result was reduced normal force and increased stability characteristics. After learning about the slot effects, the autopilot gains were adjusted and Copperhead now consistently hits the target.
Comunicación y diabetes, un camino para la reflexión

El presente estudio examina la actividad, visibilidad e interacción de diferentes cuentas relacionadas con la diabetes en Facebook, Twitter, Instagram y YouTube. Para ello, a través de los indicadores que ofrece la herramienta Fanpage Karma, se complementa el análisis cuantitativo con una serie de variables cualitativas -tono, formatos predominantes y usos de los mensajes- y su impacto en las redes sociales mencionadas.Como principales conclusiones, se observa que las organizaciones y las cuentas de influencers analizadas no logran todo el rendimiento posible a sus canales digitales y el formato más utilizado es el de textos largos, que no siempre genera mayor interacción.
PENDETEKSIAN FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING DENGAN EARNINGS MANIPULATION FINANCIAL SHENANIGANS: STUDI KASUS PT ENVY TECHNOLOGIES INDONESIA TBK

Kecurangan laporan keuangan adalah tindakan yang disengaja dalam menyajikan informasi laporan keuangan yang salah secara material. Tindakan tersebut telah menimbulkan kekeliruan pemangku kepentingan terhadap kredibilitas laporan keuangan yang disajikan. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji indikasi kecurangan laporan keuangan PT Envy Technologies Indonesia Tbk pada tahun 2016 hingga 2020 dengan menggunakan tujuh earnings manipulation shenanigans. PT Envy Technologies Indonesia Tbk adalah emiten yang terdaftar pada indeks saham sektor teknologi (IDXTECHNO) di Bursa Efek Indonesia sebelum mengalami suspensi di tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT Envy Technologies Indonesia Tbk memiliki indikasi kecurangan dalam menerapkan earnings manipulation shenanigans 1, shenanigans 3, dan shenanigans 4. Penerapan teknik manipulasi pendapatan tersebut melibatkan pengakuan pendapatan dan beban yang bersifat tidak konservatif dan tidak sesuai dengan keadaan sebenarnya. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam menjabarkan teknik pendeteksian tahap awal terhadap indikasi kecurangan laporan keuangan yang seringkali menjadi hambatan bagi pengguna laporan keuangan.
In Silico Screening of Novel TMPRSS2 Inhibitors for Treatment of COVID-19

COVID-19, a pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has spread globally, necessitating the search for antiviral compounds. Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is a cell surface protease that plays an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, researchers are searching for TMPRSS2 inhibitors that can be used for the treatment of COVID-19. As such, in this study, based on the crystal structure, we targeted the active site of TMPRSS2 for virtual screening of compounds in the FDA database. Then, we screened lumacaftor and ergotamine, which showed strong binding ability, using 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations to study the stability of the protein–ligand binding process, the flexibility of amino acid residues, and the formation of hydrogen bonds. Subsequently, we calculated the binding free energy of the protein–ligand complex by the MM-PBSA method. The results show that lumacaftor and ergotamine interact with residues around the TMPRSS2 active site, and reached equilibrium in the 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations. We think that lumacaftor and ergotamine, which we screened through in silico studies, can effectively inhibit the activity of TMPRSS2. Our findings provide a basis for subsequent in vitro experiments, having important implications for the development of effective anti-COVID-19 drugs.
Energy-Efficient Multi-Tap Single Carrier Hybrid Beamforming in Uplink Wideband Millimeter Wave Systems

Millimeter wave systems are expected to provide several Gbps data rate with large bandwidth. To exploit wideband channels, mitigating inter-symbol interference (ISI) is a challenging problem. Most of the existing approaches employ multi-carrier modulation, in which a baseband beamformer is used per subcarrier, resulting in a significant number of computations. To make an energy-efficient system with a low computational complexity, we propose a single carrier hybrid beamforming scheme equipped with multi-tap analog beamformer that can mitiagte ISI in analog domain so that a simple baseband beamformer can be used. Our design aims to maximize the achievable sum rate of multi-user uplink system, and optimizes the beamforming matrix with a complex circle manifold-based conjugate gradient algorithm with a proposed initialization allowing fast convergence. Considering the baseband and circuit power consumption, the proposed scheme achieves a higher energy efficiency than conventional beamforming schemes in practical transmit power region. In addition, we find a sufficient condition for the numbers of antennas and analog beamformer taps that can completely eliminate both inter-symbol and inter-stream interferences.
Molecular Mechanisms of Parthanatos and Its Role in Diverse Diseases

Differential evolution of apoptosis, programmed necrosis, and autophagy, parthanatos is a form of cell death mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), which is caused by DNA damage. PARP1 hyper-activation stimulates apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nucleus translocation, and accelerates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, leading to DNA fragmentation. The mechanisms of parthanatos mainly include DNA damage, PARP1 hyper-activation, PAR accumulation, NAD+ and ATP depletion, and AIF nucleus translocation. Now, it is reported that parthanatos widely exists in different diseases (tumors, retinal diseases, neurological diseases, diabetes, renal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury.). Excessive or defective parthanatos contributes to pathological cell damage; therefore, parthanatos is critical in the therapy and prevention of many diseases. In this work, the hallmarks and molecular mechanisms of parthanatos and its related disorders are summarized. The questions raised by the recent findings are also presented. Further understanding of parthanatos will provide a new treatment option for associated conditions.
The Investigation of Mindfulness, Cognitive Flexibility and Mental Symptoms of Teacher Trainess

In this study, mindful attention awareness (MAA) and cognitive flexibility (CF) were considered as structures that protect the mental health of teacher trainees. The main purpose of the study is to examine the relationships between mindful attention awareness, cognitive flexibility levels, and mental symptoms of teacher trainees. The sample is consisted of 396 teacher trainees from Turkey. Data were collected by Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Brief Symptom Inventory. The model was predictive associational survey model. Data analyses were made by Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression techniques. Significant negative correlations were found between mental symptoms and both mindful attention awareness and cognitive flexibility, especially its control sub-dimension. As a result of regression analysis mindful attention awareness and cognitive flexibility control sub-dimensions together explain 31% of mental symptoms. MAA co-operates with CF as mental health protective structures, and the growth of mindful attention awareness creates positive effects on cognitive flexibility.
Active Pose Relocalization for Intelligent Substation Inspection Robot

Intelligent inspection robots widely applied in substations are required to capture the inspection image consistent with the calibration image during routine inspection of electrical equipment. However, it is a challenging work for the inspection robot to capture the inspection image meeting the requirement due to navigation error and mechanical wear. To address this problem, an active pose relocalization (APR) method is proposed in this article. Specifically, an error model describing the relationship between the pixel error in the image plane and the robot pose error is established. Then, a decoupling three-stage proportional–integral control strategy based on the error model is provided to relocate the robot to the calibration pose, wherein, a translation error estimation algorithm based on homography transformation is proposed to compute the absolute translation scale between calibration and inspection poses, which avoid the degradation problem of the classic 2-D–2-D pose estimation algorithm. Finally, the performance of the proposed APR method is demonstrated through comparative relocalization experiments of ten calibration points in virtual and real-world environments, respectively.
A Fast Quantized Precoding Algorithm for Massive MU-MISO Systems With Low-Resolution DACs and PSK Signaling: A Safety Margin Fitting Approach

In this correspondence, we propose a new symbol-level quantized precoder design for massive multi-user multiple-input-single-output (MU-MIMO) systems employing low-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and phase-shift-keying (PSK) signaling. A new problem formulation based on the idea of safety margin fitting is proposed, from which a low-complexity precoding algorithm is derived. Both the complexity analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed precoder has very low computational complexity while still performing favorably. Because symbol-level precoders perform precoding on a symbol-by-symbol basis, they need to be of low complexity in their real world use. Our proposed precoder therefore stands out as a strong candidate for applications among existing quantized precoders.
Estimation of Tibiofemoral Joint Contact Forces Using Foot Loads during Continuous Passive Motions

Continuous passive motion (CPM) machines are commonly used after various knee surgeries, but information on tibiofemoral forces (TFFs) during CPM cycles is limited. This study aimed to explore the changing trend of TFFs during CPM cycles under various ranges of motion (ROM) and body weights (BW) by establishing a two-dimensional mathematical model. TFFs were estimated by using joint angles, foot load, and leg–foot weight. Eleven healthy male participants were tested with ROM ranging from 0° to 120°. The values of the peak TFFs during knee flexion were higher than those during knee extension, varying nonlinearly with ROM. BW had a significant main effect on the peak TFFs and tibiofemoral shear forces, while ROM had a limited effect on the peak TFFs. No significant interaction effects were observed between BW and ROM for each peak TFF, whereas a strong linear correlation existed between the peak tibiofemoral compressive forces (TFCFs) and the peak resultant TFFs (R2 = 0.971, p < 0.01). The proposed method showed promise in serving as an input for optimizing rehabilitation devices.
Evaluating the Public Climate School—A School-Based Programme to Promote Climate Awareness and Action in Students: Protocol of a Cluster-Controlled Pilot Study

Introduction: School-based programmes may promote knowledge and skills required to address climate change and better health and well-being in adolescents, yet evidence of their effectiveness is limited. In preparation for evaluating the Public Climate School, a school-based intervention to promote climate awareness and action in adolescents, we conduct a pilot study intended to assess procedures for participant recruitment, retention, and data collection, data quality issues and to provide preliminary parameter estimates to guide sample size calculations. Methods and analysis: This unblinded, cluster-controlled pilot study targets students in twelve classes from grades seven to thirteen in German public schools. Seven and five classes were allocated to the intervention and waitlist control arms, respectively. The intervention consisted of (1) live lessons on YouTube, (2) climate-related challenges of the day, (3) workshops and (4) peer exchange sessions. Waitlist control classes participated three weeks later. Measures included the proportion of students completing baseline and follow-up surveys, a comparison of baseline characteristics between students in the retained subsample and those lost to follow-up, proportions of students completing online and paper–pencil-based surveys and problems during data collection based on information reported by teachers. Data quality was assessed as proportions of missing data, associations between missingness and sociodemographic measures using logistic regression models and basic psychometric properties of scales including ceiling effects and internal consistency. Intentions to reduce one’s ecological footprint, the primary outcome, and all secondary outcomes for effect estimation were assessed one week pre- and post-intervention from November to December 2021 using items adapted from internationally used instruments and will be investigated using generalised linear mixed models and intention-to-treat analyses. Conclusions: The pilot study will lay the methodological groundwork for a large-scale cluster-randomised effectiveness and process evaluation of the Public Climate School. If proven effective and rolled out more broadly, the Public Climate School has the potential to contribute meaningfully to national climate mitigation and adaptation efforts by reaching a substantial share of adolescents in public schools, including those traditionally less involved in climate action.
Selection of the Male or Female Sex in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Animal Models of Depression

Depression is a serious public health problem and an important factor leading to disease-related disability. Influenced by many factors, such as psychological, hormonal, and genetic factors, the incidence rate of depression in females is approximately two times that in males. However, in preclinical neuroscience research, the selection of the animals' sex for use in depression models has been controversial. At present, in most preclinical studies, the animals generally chosen in depression models have been male rodents rather than female rodents. It remains doubtful whether the data obtained from male animals can be generalized to female animals. The performance of female animals in preclinical studies of depression has been inconclusive. Based on a review of a large number of original studies in the PubMed database, it was found that although male rodents are more commonly used in the study of depression, the use of female animals also shows good modeling of depression and has its advantages. The influence of the animals' sex in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model needs further research.
Healthcare Workers From Diverse Ethnicities and Their Perceptions of Risk and Experiences of Risk Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Insights From the United Kingdom-REACH Study

Introduction Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at higher risk of being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies have examined factors relating to infection amongst HCWs, including those from ethnic minority groups, but there is limited data regarding the lived experiences of HCWs in relation to self-protection and how they deal with SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention. In this study, we presented data from an ethnically diverse sample of HCWs in the United Kingdom (UK) to understand their perceptions of risks and experiences with risk management whilst working throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We undertook a qualitative study as part of the United Kingdom Research study into Ethnicity and COVID-19 outcomes among Healthcare workers (United Kingdom-REACH) conducting semi-structured interviews and focus groups which were recorded with participants’ permission. Recordings were transcribed and thematically analyzed. Findings A total of 84 participants were included in the analysis. Five broad themes emerged. First, ethnic minority HCWs spoke about specific risks and vulnerabilities they faced in relation to their ethnicity. Second, participants’ experience of risk assessments at work varied; some expressed satisfaction while many critiqued it as a “tick-box” exercise. Third, most participants shared about risks related to shortages, ambiguity in guidance, and inequitable distribution of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), particularly during the start of the pandemic. Fourth, participants reported risks resulting from understaffing and inappropriate redeployment. Finally, HCWs shared the risk mitigation strategies which they had personally employed to protect themselves, their families, and the public. Conclusion Healthcare workers identified several areas where they felt at risk and/or had negative experiences of risk management during the pandemic. Our findings indicate that organizational shortcomings may have exposed some HCWs to greater risks of infection compared with others, thereby increasing their emotional and mental burden. Ethnic minority HCWs in particular experienced risks stemming from what they perceived to be institutional and structural racism, thus leading to a loss of trust in employers. These findings have significance in understanding staff safety, wellbeing, and workforce retention in multiethnic staff groups and also highlight the need for more robust, inclusive, and equitable approaches to protect HCWs going forward.
Investment Strategies and Corporate Behaviour with Socially Responsible Investors: A Theory of Active Ownership

Socially responsible investors constitute an important force in today’s global ﬁnancial markets. This paper examines conditions under which socially responsible investors induce companies to behave responsibly. We develop an asset pricing model in which some shareholders are active owners, i.e., they engage companies by voting on strategic decisions. Diﬀerences of objective among shareholders arise because socially responsible investors value corporate externalities. In our baseline model, we show that a ﬁrm may choose a responsible strategy, even if the majority of investors are not responsible. We also demonstrate that such choice of a responsible strategy might be fragile because it might depend on investors’ self-fulﬁlling beliefs. We then extend our baseline model to analyse the link between divestment and engagement strategies, the case with multiple ﬁrms, the role of beneﬁt corporation charters and the impact of a large investor. subsequent improvements in environmental and social performance. This study suggests that investors vote with their feet and have an impact on corporate behaviour.
Archaeobotanical evidence for the emergence of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa

Several models which remain equivocal and controversial cite migration and/or diffusion for the emergence and spread of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa during the first millennium AD. A synthesis of archaeobotanical proxies (e.g., palynology, phytoliths, anthracology) consistent with existing archaeobotanical and archaeological data leads to new insights into anthropogenic impacts in palaeorecords. Harnessing such archaeobotanical evidence is viable for tracing the spread of pastoralism and farming in the first millennium AD because the impact of anthropogenic practices is likely to result in distinct patterns of vegetation change. We assess this impact through the synthesis of published archaeobotanical evidence of pastoralism and farming, as well as vegetation changes in southern Africa during the first millennium AD. It has been argued that the decline of forests during the first millennium AD in southern Africa predominantly relates to climate change. This argument often precludes anthropogenic effects on vegetation. Our reassessment of the relationship between vegetation, climate, and human activities in southern Africa reveals evidence of human impact during the same period. We also highlight gaps in the current knowledge of early pastoralism and farming and potential future research directions. We hypothesize that the pattern exhibited by the decline of forest tree pollen, coupled with the increase of open-land indicators, the occurrence of pioneer trees, as well as the spores of coprophilous fungi, and possible changes in the fire regime are reflective of, and consistent with, anthropogenic activities of pre-European pastoralists and farmers.