Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis of narrow band imaging endoscopy in detection of early gastric cancer

Abstract Background: Early gastric cancer is the fifth common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer death throughout the world. However, it is not clear how endoscopic screening for early gastric cancer affects incidence or mortality. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between endoscopic screening for the mortality and incidence of early gastric cancer. Materials and methods: This protocol established in this study has been reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for cohort and case-control studies in cases without early gastric cancer until March 31, 2020. We will use a combination of Medical Subject Heading and free-text terms with various synonyms to search based on the Eligibility criteria. Two investigators independently reviewed the included studies and extracted relevant data. The relative risk and 95% confidence intervals were used as effect estimate. I-square test, substantial heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment will be performed accordingly. Stata 15.0 and Review Manger 5.3 are used for meta-analysis and systematic review. Results: The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion: The results of this review will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. This evidence may also provide helpful evidence of whether endoscopic screening would reduce the mortality and incidence of early gastric cancer. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020171053
Impact of thyroid ultrasonography combined ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in detection thyroid microcarcinoma

Abstract Background: This study aims to explore the accuracy of thyroid ultrasonography (TUS) combined ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (UGFNAB) for detection of thyroid microcarcinoma (TMC). Methods: A comprehensive search in PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the beginning to the June 1, 2020 without language and publication status limitations. Two authors will independently perform articles identification, data extraction and assessment of study quality. Any disagreements will be resolved by discussion with a third author. We will carry out study quality evaluation using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool, and will employ statistical analysis using RevMan V.5. 3 and Stata V.12. 0 softwares. Results: We will summarize current evidence to investigate the accuracy of TUS combined UGFNAB in detection of TMC. Conclusion: The findings of this study may provide helpful evidence of TUS combined UGFNAB in detection of TMC. Study registration: INPLASY202070048.
“Mastering a New Life Situation” – Patients’ Preferences of Treatment Outcomes in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis – A Longitudinal Qualitative Study

Purpose To explore patients’ preferred treatment outcomes during their first two years with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and Methods A qualitative, longitudinal, multicenter study with interviews at two time points was performed in Sweden. Individual interviews were conducted at time point 1 with 31 patients with RA, defined as disease duration of ≤1 year and treatment for 3–7 months. Seven focus group interviews and five individual interviews were conducted at time point 2 with 22 patients 12–20 months after treatment initiation. The interviews were analyzed using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven. A core category with four related concepts emerged. Results The core finding of patient-preferred treatment outcomes was “mastering a new life situation”. Patients preferred to experience control of the disease by controlling the symptoms and by experiencing absence of disease. To experience autonomy by regaining former activity level, experiencing independence, and being empowered was another preferred outcome. Patients preferred to regain identity through being able to participate, experience well-being, and regain former self-image. To experience joy in everyday life through vitality and believing in the future was another preferred outcome. Patients’ preferences developed over time from the acute phase of controlling the symptoms and wanting to return to the life they lived prior to diagnosis, to a more preventive way of self-management and empowerment to master the new life situation. Conclusion The patients’ preferred treatment outcomes during the first two years with RA were to master their new life situation and changed from a preference to return to a life lived prior disease onset, to a preference of living with quality of life, despite RA. This study increases the understanding of patients’ preferred treatment outcomes in the early disease course and can be a foundation for tailoring interventions to be more person-centered and to improve long-term treatment outcomes.
Leishmania naiffi and lainsoni in French Guiana: Clinical features and phylogenetic variability

In French Guiana, five species are associated with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). Though infections with Leishmania guyanensis, L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) amazonensis have been extensively described, there are few available clinical and genetic data on L. (V.) lainsoni and L. (V.) naiffi. We determined the clinical and epidemiological features of all cases of CL due to L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) lainsoni diagnosed in French Guiana between 2003 and 2019. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by sequencing a portion of HSP70 and cyt b genes. Five cases of L. naiffi and 25 cases of L. lainsoni were reported. Patients infected by L. (V.) lainsoni were usually infected on gold camps, mostly along the Maroni river (60%), while L. naiffi was observed in French patients infected on the coast (100%). A high number of pediatric cases (n = 5; 20%) was observed for L. (V.) lainsoni. A mild clinical course was observed for all cases of L. (V.) naiffi. HSP70 and cyt b partial nucleotide sequence analysis revealed different geographical clusters within L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) lainsoni but no association were found between phylogenetic and clinical features. Our data suggest distinct socio-epidemiological features for these two Leishmania species. Patients seem to get infected with L. (V.) naiffi during leisure activities in anthropized coastal areas, while L. (V.) lainsoni shares common features with L. (V.) guyanensis and braziliensis and seems to be acquired during professional activities in primary forest regions. Phylogenetic analysis has provided information on the intraspecific genetic variability of L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) lainsoni and how these genotypes are distributed at the geographic level.
Herbal medicine treatment for Alzheimer disease

Abstract Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a leading progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, but treating it is challenging in clinical practice. This review is aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine for treating AD. Methods and analysis: We will search for randomized controlled trials related to the effect and safety of herbal medicine for AD in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Excerpta Medica Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated system, Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal, and Citation Information by National Institute for Informatics. The risk of bias will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. After screening the studies, a meta-analysis will be performed. The primary outcome will be the Mini-Mental State Examination score. Secondary outcomes will consist of other scales for cognitive function and other aspects, such as behavioral and psychological symptoms and plasma levels of amyloid-β. Results: This study will provide the current status of evidence for herbal medicine to treat AD. Conclusion: The results of this review will determine the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine for AD. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required, as this study is based on a review of published research. This review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated both electronically and in print. Trial registration number: Research Registry reviewregistry933.
Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for elderly patients with displaced fracture of the femoral neck

Abstract Background: This meta-analysis was performed to incorporate newly published, high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the effects of cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for elderly patients with displaced fracture of the femoral neck. Methods: The following electronic databases were extensively searched from the inception of the database through December 2018: EMBASE, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. RCTs focusing on the outcomes of cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty were reviewed and screened for eligibility. We used the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager Software to perform meta-analyses. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the study quality and bias risk through the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Use fixed effect model or random effect model to pooled data. Cochran's Q statistic was used to evaluate heterogeneity, and I2 statistic was used to quantify heterogeneity. Results: Fifteen RCTs were enrolled (n = 3790) (uncemented hemiarthroplasty group = 1015; cemented hemiarthroplasty group = 1037) (mean age ranged from 70–85.3 years; all patients > 65 years). The meta-analysis showed that cemented hemiarthroplasty has a longer operating time (weighted mean difference, 8.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.83–11.23; P < . 00001), less pain (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% CI 4.83–11.23; P = .02), lower mortality 1-year (odds ratio, 0.78; 95% CI 0.62–0.98; P = .03) and fewer implant-related complications (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% CI 0.13–0.30; P < .00001) than Uncemented hemiarthroplasty. However, there are still some limitations in our study, such as the uniformity of the surgery administration programme and rehabilitation scheme, and the small sample size of the included studies. Conclusions: Cemented hemiarthroplasty for elderly patients with displaced fracture of femoral neck may acquire better functional results.
The Impact of Online Media on Parents’ Attitudes toward Vaccination of Children—Social Marketing and Public Health

The aim of this paper was to investigate the level of influence of online media on the parents’ attitudes toward vaccination of children in three countries of the Western Balkans—Montenegro, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, in order to use the potentials of this form of communication effectively and efficiently. Online media are a critical factor of influence on the formation of attitudes in many areas of modern society, which is why their proper use plays an important role in strengthening vaccine confidence and which may further contribute to improvement of public health. On the other side, having in mind the fact that communication is an integral part of marketing, it is clear that social marketing has an extremely important role regarding the analyzed topic, especially because of the fact that social marketing activities tend to change or maintain people’s behavior for the benefit of individuals and society as a whole. For the purpose of this research, a conceptual model was developed. Quantitative research was conducted online in the first quarter of 2020 using the survey method. Statistical analysis was applied to data collected from 1593 parents in the analyzed countries. The relevance of the hypotheses was tested using standard statistical tests, ANOVA test, eta coefficient, and logistic regression. The research showed that all analyzed variables from the model have a significant impact on the parents’ attitudes toward the vaccination of children and that they correlate with the degree of trust in vaccines. The results also approved that online media have a significant influence on the formation of parents’ attitudes toward the vaccination of children (obtained values of eta coefficient η2 = 0.216, η2 = 0.18, η2 = 0.167, η2 = 0.090, reliability Cronbach’s Alpha 0.892), which confirms the importance of the use of social marketing in order to direct communication properly and to strengthen the level of trust in vaccines. Additionally, the results of logistic regression showed that the following groups of parents are particularly vulnerable to the influence of online media on attitudes toward vaccines: women, parents of younger age (“millennials”), and parents who are in common law marriage, as well as parents who have more children. In addition, the results showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the attitudes of parents in the observed countries (η2 = 0.000, F = 0.85). Based on the results of the research, the authors suggest that decision makers should pay more attention to modern forms of online communication and social marketing in order to use their potential for improvement of public health, as well as avoid the harmful impact that certain forms of communication may have on the formation of attitudes and loss of confidence in vaccines. The findings provide an important contribution for public health policy makers to identify and understand properly the impact of online media and social marketing and thus to better adapt their initiatives to changes in modern society.
Association between liver cirrhosis and estimated glomerular filtration rates in patients with chronic HBV infection

Abstract To investigate the estimated glomerular filtration rates of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with or without liver cirrhosis, and to explore the related risk factors. A total of 559 CHB patients were enrolled. Liver cirrhosis was diagnosed with ultrasound. The Child-Pugh scoring system was used to stage patients with liver cirrhosis. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula was used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A total of 296 patients were involved. The results showed that the incidence of renal impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis was 8.45% (25/296). The incidence of renal impairment in Child-Pugh C patients was significantly higher than that in Child-Pugh B and Child-Pugh Grade A patients (i.e., 17.2% [17/99] vs 6.67% [7/105] vs 1.09% [1/92], respectively, P < .001); age, hyperuricemia, and Child-Pugh score are all risk factors for impaired renal function. With the deterioration of liver function in patients with cirrhosis, the incidence of impaired renal function has increased significantly, and renal function should be closely monitored to guide patients in clinical medication.
Efficacy and safety of Lianhua Qingwen in the treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19 infection

Abstract Background : As of June 2020, more than 7 million cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) have been reported worldwide. At present, there is no vaccine or antiviral for the novel coronavirus pneumonia. Lianhua Qingwen (LQ), a Chinese medicine formula, has been authorized by the Chinese government for treating COVID-2019. This systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the efficacy and safety of LQ on patients with COVID-19. Methods : Two independent reviewers will search the following databases of the China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Periodical Database, Wanfang database, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library from the date of conception to June 1, 2020. We will use the MeSH/Emtree terms, combining free-text words that were properly adjusted for the different databases in all of the search strategies. We will take primary clinical symptoms, total efficacy, and adverse event into consideration for our primary outcomes. As secondary outcomes, we will estimate the chest computed tomography manifestations, the rate of conversion to severe cases, and secondary clinical symptoms. We will evaluate the quality of including studies through the risk of bias assessment tool provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. Fixed-or random-effect model will be utilized to calculate the overall pooled risk estimates. Forest plots will be generated to prove the pooled results. Sensitivity analysis will be carried out to identify sources of heterogeneity. The Begg rank correlation test and Egger linear regression test will be used to explore publication bias. Results : This systematic review and meta-analysis will compare the primary and secondary outcomes at baseline and endpoint in the treatment and control groups to investigate the efficacy and safety of LQ for treatment COVID-2019. Discussion: Data from this study will provide strong evidence for clinical decision if the findings are positive. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020190757.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Caregiver’s Feeding Styles Questionnaire

The present study describes the cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version (Rio de Janeiro) of the Caregiver’s Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) among caregivers of children aged 3 to 6 years enrolled in a family health service in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The cross-cultural adaptation process included the following phases: (1) literature review; (2) translation and back-translation of the instrument; (3) assessment of semantic equivalence through cognitive interviews with caregivers; (4) discussion with experts; (5) pretesting of the revised version; and (6) assessment of psychometric characteristics, including reliability and validity of the scale. Results showed the appropriateness of the caregiver’s feeding styles concept within the Brazilian culture and that the instrument was understandable to caregivers enrolled in a family health service. The CFSQ measurements showed perfect intra-observer reliability for “demandingness” and almost perfect for “responsiveness”. Inter-observer reliability was almost perfect for both dimensions, “demandingness” and “responsiveness”. Factor analysis of the Brazilian CFSQ version proposed an instrument with one dimension and 13 items. The satisfactory results of the cross-cultural adaptation of the CFSQ suggest its applicability in the population of interest with the possible reduction of some scale items.
On the possible orbital motion of Sgr A* in the smooth potential of the Milky Way

The modern accuracy of measurements allows the residual/peculiar (Galactocentric) velocity of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in our Galaxy, Sgr A*, on the order of several kilometers per second. We integrate possible orbits of the SMBH along with the surrounding nuclear stellar cluster (NSC) for a barred model of the Galaxy using modern constraints on the components of the SMBH Galactocentric velocity. Is is shown that the range of oscillations of the SMBH+NSC in a regular Galactic field in the plane of the Galaxy allowed by these constraints strongly depends on the set of central components of the Galactic potential. If the central components are represented only by a bulge/bar, for a point estimate of the SMBH Galactocentric velocity, the oscillation amplitude does not exceed 7 pc in the case that a classical bulge is present and reaches 25 pc if there is no bulge; with SMBH velocity components within the 2σ significance level, the amplitude can reach 15 and 50 pc, respectively. However, when taking into account the nuclear stellar disk (NSD), even in the absence of a bulge, the oscillation amplitude is only 5 pc for the point estimate of the SMBH velocity, and 10 pc for the 2σ significance level. Thus, the possible oscillations of the SMBH + NSC complex from the confirmed components of the Galaxy’s potential are mostly limited by the NSD, and even taking into account the uncertainty of the mass of the latter, the oscillation amplitude can hardly exceed 13 pc = 6′.
A Hybrid Approach to Procedural Dungeon Generation

This thesis presents a novel approach to the Procedural Content Generation (PCG) of both maze and dungeon environments. The solution we propose in this thesis borrows techniques from both Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning as well as Constructive PCG methods. The approach we take involves decomposing the problem of level generation into a series of stages which begins with the production of macro-level functional structures and ends with micro-level aesthetic details; specifically, we train a Deep Convolutional Neural Network to produce high-quality mazes, which in turn, are transformed into the rooms of larger dungeon levels using a constructive algorithm. For our dungeon’s micro-level details, we use a contextfree grammar for the instantiation of interactable puzzle elements, and an n-gram model for decorating our dungeon’s entrance rooms. This unique combination of methods successfully generates a large number of visually impressive game levels without compromising on any desirable PCG metrics such as speed, reliability, controllability, expressivity, or believability.
Wide discrepancies in the magnitude and direction of modeled solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in response to light conditions

Abstract. Recent successes in passive remote sensing of far-red solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) have spurred the development and integration of canopy-level fluorescence models in global terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) for climate and carbon cycle research. The interaction of fluorescence with photochemistry at the leaf and canopy scales provides opportunities to diagnose and constrain model simulations of photosynthesis and related processes, through direct comparison to and assimilation of tower, airborne, and satellite data. TBMs describe key processes related to the absorption of sunlight, leaf-level fluorescence emission, scattering, and reabsorption throughout the canopy. Here, we analyze simulations from an ensemble of process-based TBM–SIF models (SiB3 – Simple Biosphere Model, SiB4, CLM4.5 – Community Land Model, CLM5.0, BETHY – Biosphere Energy Transfer Hydrology, ORCHIDEE – Organizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems, and BEPS – Boreal Ecosystems Productivity Simulator) and the SCOPE (Soil Canopy Observation Photosynthesis Energy) canopy radiation and vegetation model at a subalpine evergreen needleleaf forest near Niwot Ridge, Colorado. These models are forced with local meteorology and analyzed against tower-based continuous far-red SIF and gross-primary-productivity-partitioned (GPP) eddy covariance data at diurnal and synoptic scales during the growing season (July–August 2017). Our primary objective is to summarize the site-level state of the art in TBM–SIF modeling over a relatively short time period (summer) when light, canopy structure, and pigments are similar, setting the stage for regional- to global-scale analyses. We find that these models are generally well constrained in simulating photosynthetic yield but show strongly divergent patterns in the simulation of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), absolute GPP and fluorescence, quantum yields, and light response at the leaf and canopy scales. This study highlights the need for mechanistic modeling of nonphotochemical quenching in stressed and unstressed environments and improved the representation of light absorption (APAR), distribution of light across sunlit and shaded leaves, and radiative transfer from the leaf to the canopy scale.