Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Predicament of Inclusive Education and the Realities of Practice in Tanzania after Two Decades of Education for All

Tanzania has been implementing several educational development plans and programmes at primary and secondary education levels. These plans and programmes aim at realizing the goal of education for all and therefore making primary education and ordinary secondary education universal. The implementation of these plans and programmes reflects a substantial need for educators and professionals in special education who can be able to handle pupils in inclusive and special classrooms and schools. The aim of the present study was to explore the participants’ motives for participating in a B.Ed. Special Education programme and the perceived outcomes of the programme in terms of professional development. The study focused on two core issues: motives and perceived outcomes. A case study approach was adopted. Questionnaires and interviews were administered in three phases between January 2007 and February 2009 to a group of 35 educators participating in a B.Ed. Special Education programme. Findings of the study revealed that participants expressed a number of motives and outcomes related to job, degree and career, student and community support, and personal growth. The findings further confirm that the participants’ motives and outcomes were closely related. The findings serve as a starting point for discussing the phenomenon of professional development in special education in Tanzania. Furthermore, the study findings underline that the motives for participating in the programme were complex, interactive and dynamic, thus emphasis on a singular explanation is naive and insufficient.
The Role of Farmland in an Investment Portfolio: Analysis of Illinois Endowment Farms

The recent financial crisis has renewed interest in alternative asset classes such as farmland. Previous work has shown that farmland may provide expected return premiums while adding little additional risk to a diversified portfolio. However, these studies have been based on relatively short time periods and aggregated data on farmland returns. This analysis contributes to this literature using farm-level data from the University of Illinois endowment farms, providing additional evidence that farmland could play a favorable role within an investment portfolio. The implications of these results extend to the use of farmland within general investment portfolios.
Identifying the Best Coach by an Improved AHP Model

The evaluation of coaches in college ball game is very essential, since a better choice of coaches will help get more scores for a team. In this paper, a simple, however, comprehensive model is proposed to evaluate college coaches of a century. By comparing the compressive index of different coaches in the evaluation, the top five coaches are found with their influence over time discussed either. Based on data of certain sport, a basic model is introduced. The superimposed application of the model makes it possible for the data of different levels to deliver proper evaluation. And by optimizing the data, we can provide precise evaluation items and authentic synthetic scores for each coach. Among their applications, the models of various sports are obtained in which relatively accurate results are still available. Although a number of deficiencies were disclosed by multiple expansions, this model is still simple, accurate, and valuable to select the best coaches.
Research on Distributed Data Stream Mining in Internet of Things

For mining useful data from mass data generated by Internet of things, analyses shortages of the traditional Apriori algorithm which has a lower mining efficiency and occupies the larger memory space. So, MapReduce model of cloud computing is introduced. In the mechanism of MapReduce, combine the architecture characteristics and key technology of Internet of Things, conduct distributedmining on data and information in environment of the Internet of Things, and the calculation model of distributed data stream mining is drawn. Performance analysis proves that the new data stream mining model overcomes difficulty of traditional data mining, and each link reflects the idea of distributed structure and improves mining efficiency obviously. Keywords—Internet of Things; cloud computing; MapReduce model; distributed-mining; data stream; data
Opportunities for Stem Cells Therapy in Veterinary Medicine

Animal contain stem cells in different parts of body that are involved in regeneration and repair process but regeneration and repair capacity of different animals is different. Stem cells can be classified on the basis of origin, potential of differentiation and cell surface markers. In addition to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), circulating blood stem cells and umbilical cord blood stem cells are major source of stem cells for therapeutic purposes. Adipose derived MSCs have also proved to be rich and therapeutically important source of stem cells. Animal during lifetime suffer from various diseases that are treated by different therapeutical ways. With the advancement in research in area of stem cell biology, it provides a better alternative to treat several diseases including life threatening diseases. We provided information about current therapeutically potentials and future prospective of stem cells therapy in veterinary medicine. We collected information about stem cell research in various animals from peer reviewed journals using standard database. Stem cells therapy treat orthopedic lesions, disc regeneration, osteoarthritis, repair of cranial bone defects, cartilage defects, corneal stroma, tendon repair, ligament injury, liver injury, nerve regeneration etc. in various animals. Nowadays, extensive research work is going in area of stem cells research in USA, Europe, Middle East and Asia. In future, stem cells therapy bears a scope to treat broad spectrum of animals ranging from rat, cats, and dogs to food and milk producing animals like goat, sheep, cow and buffaloes.
Electronic Nose – A new way for predicting the optimum point of fermentation of Black Tea

Fermentation is a very important key of the black tea quality and this stage of the process, making finished tea is responsible to make better quality black tea in the sense of appearance, aroma, liquor and infusion. At the time of fermentation grassy smell continues change to the floral smell due to some complex chain of biochemical reaction inside the tea leaf and greenish color changes into the coppery brown . The detection of optimum time for fermentation is very crucial part to tea manufacturer, because under fermentation and after fermentation may be responsible for the bad quality of tea. So this process had to be stopped at the time of optimum fermentation with reference to the Aroma index by electronic nose changes during fermentation as well as color (RGB value) by electronic version. In this paper we study the changes of Aroma index (sensor response) and color (RGB value) during the fermentation process and to detect the optimum fermentation time by using electronic nose and electronic vision Kharagpur region black tea.
Modelling of Biogas Production from Glycerol by Anaerobic Process in a Baffled Multi-Stage Digestor

ABSTRACT The anaerobic conversion of glycerol by the bacterium Klebsiella sp. is a well-known process. According to its metabolism glycerol is converted into different products, e.g. 2,3-butanediol, 1,3-propanediol, acetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid and biogas. The latter is produced by two competitive ways: decarboxylation of acetic acid or self-reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen, acetic acid, carbon dioxide and hydrogen being intermediate products of one of the competitive metabolic routes. Which of these compounds is a desired final product depends on the purpose of the fermentation. In the present work a non-structured mathematical model is developed to describe these competitive processes. The model consists of nine ordinary non-linear differential equations for the kinetics of some selected more important reactions from the metabolic pathway. The model takes into account the microbial growth, the pH drop caused by the organic acid formation and the resulting inhibition of the methanogenic microbial activity. The pH-optima of the enzymes are approximated by Gaussian distribution. The enzyme sensitivity toward pH-variations is presented by the half-width of the Gaussian curve. A large set of experimental data for glycerol anaerobic digestion by Klebsiella sp. in a baffled multistage reactor was used for verification of the model. The comparison of the experimental data with the model results revealed the number of reactor stages, sufficient for complete methanization and to determine the optimum conditions for 2,3-butanediol or methane production.
RELATING BEHAVIOR TO HABITAT: SOLUTIONS TO THEFOURTH-CORNER PROBLEM

This paper addresses the following question: how does one relate the biological and behavioral characteristics of animals to habitat characteristics of the locations at which they are found? Ecologists often assemble data on species composition at different localities, habitat descriptions of these localities, and biological or behavioral traits of the species. These data tables are usually analyzed two by two: species composition against habitat characteristics, or against behavioral data, using such methods as canonical analysis. We propose a solution to the problem of estimating the parameters describing the relationship between habitat characteristics and biology or behavior, and of testing the statistical significance of these parameters; this problem is referred to as the fourth-corner problem, from its matrix formulation. In other words, the fourth-corner method offers a way of analyzing the relationships between the supplementary variables associated with the rows and columns of a binary (presence or absence) data table. The test case that motivated this study concerns a coral reef fish assemblage (280 species). Biological and behavioral characteristics of the species were used as supplementary variables for the rows, and characteristics of the environment for the columns. Parameters of the association between habitat characteristics (distance from beach, water depth, and substrate variables) and biological and behavioral traits of the species (feeding habits, ecological niche categories, size classes, egg types, activity rhythms) were estimated and tested for significance using permutations. Permutations can be performed in different ways, corresponding to different ecological hypotheses. Results were compared to predictions made independently by reef fish ecologists, in order to assess the method as well as the pertinence of the variables subjected to the analysis. The new method is shown to be applicable to a wide class of ecological problems.
Methods of Measuring Intellectual Capital and the Efficiency of Investment It: Advantages & Disadvantages. Analytical Comparative Study

Abstract: This study presents a comparative analysis for methods of measuring intellectual capital through focusing on most common methods by addressed literature, with the aim of finding an appropriate method adopting on the discussion of advantages and disadvantages per method. Where the findings showed through this analytical comparative study all the methods have weaknesses Except for that the value added intellectual capital Coefficient( VAIC ) affiliated to (ROA) method is the best way to creating added value and the appropriate method for measuring intellectual capital and the efficiency of investment it. KEYWORDS : intellectual capital, measuring , methods , advantages , disadvantages.
Electromagnetic Launch Vehicle Fairing and Acoustic Blanket Model of Received Power Using FEKO

Evaluating the impact of radio frequency transmission in vehicle fairings is important to electromagnetically sensitive spacecraft. This study employs the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) from a commercial electromagnetic tool, FEKO, to model the fairing electromagnetic environment in the presence of an internal transmitter with improved accuracy over industry applied techniques. This fairing model includes material properties representative of acoustic blanketing commonly used in vehicles. Equivalent surface material models within FEKO were successfully applied to simulate the test case. Finally, a simplified model is presented using Nicholson Ross Weir derived blanket material properties. These properties are implemented with the coated metal option to reduce the model to one layer within the accuracy of the original three layer simulation.
The Evidence Based Curriculum Design Framework: Leveraging Diverse Perspectives in the Design Process.

The ubiquity of touchscreen, mobile tablet technology has resulted in a plethora of “apps for learning” yet few leverage the learning sciences as a design driver. This paper describes our approach to integrating the learning sciences with best practices in app design: a design framework that involves researchers and developers in a co-development process to create apps based on research and evidence. Our framework centers around a learning blueprint which is intended to serve as a “boundary object. ” This boundary object facilitates a design process that allows the design team to focus on both children’s engagement and learning. Here we describe the challenges that our project team encountered and our approaches to overcome those challenges on the Next Generation Preschool Math (NGPM) project, a development and research effort devoted to creating a supplemental preschool math curriculum supplement with integrated digital apps.
Effects of 4 Weeks of Horseback Riding on Anxiety, Depression, and Self-Esteem in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Background and Objective: There is no report on the effects of horseback riding on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 4 weeks of horseback riding on anxiety, depression, self-esteem, attention, and learning disorder in children with ADHD. Material and Methods: Subjects comprised a convenience sample of 10 children aged 10-12 years with ADHD and 10 children without ADHD. Horseback riding sessions were performed 2 times (40 minutes/day) per week for 4 weeks. Before and after the horseback riding program, we measured the children’s anxiety, depression, self-esteem, attention, and learning disorder. The pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: After participating in the 4-week horseback riding program, anxiety (p = 0.013), depression (p = 0.007), attention (p < 0.001), and learning disorder (p < 0.001) were significantly improved in the ADHD group compared to the control group. However, self-esteem was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.096). Conclusion: These results indicate that the 4-week horseback riding program used in this study was very effective for significantly improving anxiety, depression, and attention in children with ADHD.
Energy-Aware Low-Power CMOS LNA with Process-Variations Management

A reconfigurable low-noise amplifier (LNA) with digitally controllable gain and power consumption is presented. This architecture allows increasing power consumption only when required, that is, to improve LNA’s radiofrequency performance at extreme communication-channel conditions and/or to counteract the effect of process, voltage, and temperature variations. The proposed design leads to significant power saving when a relaxed operation is acceptable. The LNA is implemented in a 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology for a 2.4 GHz IEEE-802.15. 4 application. Simulated LNA performance (taking into account the worst cases under process variations) is comparable to recently published works.
The Impact of a Patient Education Package on Outcomes of Pain Management Following Orthopaedic Surgery in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia

Kepercayaan pesakit terhadap pengurusan kesakitan boleh menjejaskan hasil pengurusan kesakitan dan kualiti hidup. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk menentukan kesan pakej pendidikan pra-operasi sakit ke arah kepercayaan kesakitan dalam kalangan pesakit-pesakit yang menjalani pembedahan ortopedik di hospital tertiari. Reka bentuk kajian ‘pre-test pos-test’ satu-kumpulan dijalankan pada pesakit-pesakit untuk menentukan impak pakej pendidikan tentang kesakitan terhadap skor ‘post-test’ kepercayaan tentang kesakitan dalam kalangan pesakit yang menjalani pembedahan ortopedik. Tiga puluh responden telah diambil menggunakan ‘convenience sampling’. Pendidikan tentang kesakitan sebelum pembedahan berkaitan dengan pengurusan kesakitan diberikan kepada respons.Skor kepercayaan pra-operasi dan pos-operasi sakit, pengurusan markah dan kesan-kesan sampingan telah diukur dengan menggunakan borang soal-selidik halangan (BQ-13). Keputusan melaporkan perbezaan yang signifikan antara skor ‘pre-test’ (Mean = 41.87, Standard Deviation = 11.467) dan ‘post-test’ (Mean = 34,80, Standard Deviation = 13.026) kepercayaan terhadap kesakitan (t = 2.84, p =0.004). Terdapat juga perbezaan yang signifikan antara skor ‘pre-test’ (Mean = 37.10, Standard Deviation = 10.610) dan skor ‘post-test’ (Mean = 30.80, Standard Deviation = 11.424), pengurusan kesakitan (t = 3.856, p =0.0005). Responden dan jantina (t =-2.403, p =0.023) dan bangsa (F = 5.038, p =0.014) melaporkan perbezaan yang signifikan iaitu p 0.05. Kesimpulannya, terdapat kesan positif daripada pakej pendidikan kesihatan berkenaan kepercayaan kesakitan dan pengurusan kesakitan responden yang telah menjalani pembedahan ortopedik di hospital tertiari. Pengukuhan program pendidikan kesakitan adalah penting untuk mencapai matlamat pengurusan kesakitan pos-operasi yang optimum.
Physical and chemical properties of pulp waste for energy purposes

In pulp and paper industry biomass rich in energy is represented by pulping liquors, wood wastes, sludge and rejects. Many pulp and paper mills produce more than half of their energy needs from biomass fuels recovered from solid pulp and paper wastes. The end-products of conversion of these wastes are solid, liquid or gaseous fuels and moreover, in most cases, the valuable and ecological fertilizer. The proper method of biomass conversion depends on its structure and chemical composition, which includes hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin content. Pulp and paper industry generate a lot of quantities of valuable biomass as wastes in all stages of the process. Therefore, this paper reviews the current state of using waste from pulp and paper industry as a fuel for energy purposes. For investigation, the materials from four different types of pulp waste were used. Pulp waste I contained knots and barks and was a product of chemical and semi-chemical pulp processes and of mechanical pulp manufacture, pulp waste II contained final fiber waste sludge from kraft mill, pulp waste III contained fiber sludge from board mill and pulp waste IV contained final fiber waste sludge from board mill. The article contains a description of physical properties of pulp wastes such as: moisture content, density, gross and net calorific values. A chemical analysis includes determination of dry matter, element composition and contents of ash, glucan, xylan, mannan and lignin. It was found that residues from mechanical and chemical pulping varied in the origin and stage of production, had similar chemical composition, differed in a narrow range. Pulp waste materials are rich in sugars of above 52 %, reaching a value of approximately 71 %, depending on the sample taken at different stages of processing. Net calorific values for all tested raw materials were high in the range from 19.8 to 20.5 MJ·kg -1 and should be considered as feedstock suitable to generate enough energy.
Analytical solution for coupled non-Fickian diffusion-thermoelasticity and thermoelastic wave propagation analysis

The time history analysis and propagation of molar concentration, temperature and displacement waves are studied in details using an analytical method. The method is applied to coupled non-Fickian diffusion-thermoelasticity analysis of a strip. The governing equations are derived using non-Fickian theory of diffusion and classic theories for coupled thermoelasticity. Molar concentration and thermoelastic wave propagations are considered to be of finite speed. The governing equations are first transferred to the frequency domain using Laplace transform technique. The unknown parameters are then obtained in analytical forms proposed by the presented method. By employing the Talbot technique, the unknown parameters are eventually determined in time domain. It can be concluded that the presented analytical method has a high capability for dynamic and transient analysis of coupled diffusion-thermoelasticity problems. The wave fronts in displacement, temperature and molar concentration fields can be tracked at various time instants employing the presented analytical method.
Spectral curves and integrable systems

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Biology, pretreatment and genetic development of Miscanthussinensis, a biomass crop with great potential in China

Climate changes and energy crisis accelerate the exploration on traditional energy production and new alternative energy sources. Biofuels are important because they could replace petroleum fuels. With high yield production, wide distribution and dramatically high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, Miscanthus sinensis was considered as one of the most potential energy plants in China. As a relatively new biomass plant, its background knowledge in physiological, pretreatment and genetic investigation is scarce. This review aimed at physiological and characteristics description, as well as pretreatment for ethanol production and genetic improvement of M. sinensis. The achievements of genomic and epigenomic research programs in other plants are of great help to better understand the nature of this promising biomass crop species in China. Meanwhile further researches on deconstruction enzymes, genetics and breeding would accelerate the application of M. sinensis, with higher yield, better quality, and wider adaption.
Estimation of River Current Using Kalman Filter Finite Element Method

This paper presents an estimation of velocity and water elevation in a river current using the Kalman Filter Finite Element Method (KE-FEM). KF-FEM combines the Kalman filter and the finite element method, which is capable to estimate not only in time but also in space directions. The Kalman filter is an estimation method based on the system and observation equations. The liner shallow water equation is used as the state equation. The Euler method is used for the temporal discretization. The finite element method based on linear interpolation is employed for the spatial discretization. The flow in the Teganuma river in Japan is computed as an practical application model.