Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Light Emission in Matrix Assisted Cluster‐Cluster Reactions

The agglomeration of small clusters of the coinage metals in noble gas matrices to form larger ones may be accompanied by the emission of light in the spectral range 280-1000 nm. Spectral analysis reveals that the part of the radiation intensity can be attributed to fluorescent of excited metal species Me n (n = 1, 2, 3). A mechanism is proposed, according to which the gain in binding energy upon cluster formation may even lead to the ejection of excited fragments via unstable intermediate configurations. The other so far unknown emission bands were partly attributed to larger clusters (n ≥ 4). This assignment was confirmed by the discovery of the respective so far unknown absorption bands of extremely low oscillator strength.
A General, Wide-Range Spectrofluorometric Method for Measuring the Site-Specific Affinities of Drugs toward Human Serum Albumin

Abstract Binding of drugs to serum albumin is one of the most important pharmacokinetic determinants and the design of drugs should take advantage of this property. In the present work, the fluorescent ligands Warfarin and dansylsulfonamide were used as probes of IIA site of human albumin and dansylsarcosine as the probe of the IIIA site. From the changes in fluorescence upon binding at 37°C, pH 7.4, the following dissociation constants were determined: Warfarin, 3.43 ± 0.69 μM; dansylsulfonamide, 7.57 ± 0.88 μM; and dansylsarcosine, 6.06 ± 1.09 μM. Nonfluorescent ligands displace these probes competitively and the type of probe displaced identifies the site specificity of the ligands. Nonlinear least-squares analysis of the decrease in fluorescence accompanying the displacement yields the stoichiometry and the dissociation constants. The dissociation constant may also be estimated rapidly from displacement at a single competitor concentration. The method yields reliable K d values for at least the range of 0.2 to 100 μM. Representative dissociation constants for the IIA site-specific ligands are as follows: phenylbutazone, 1.9 ± 0.3 μM; U-99,499, 1.8 ± 0.2 μM; U-96,988, 5.3 ± 1.5 μM; and U-105,665, 42 ± 7 μM. For the IIIA site we find the following K d values: oxazepam, 27.7 ± 2.1 μM; diazepam, 7.7 ± 1.0 μM; and ibuprofen, 2.7 ± 1.2 μM. The method is eminently suitable for large-scale screening.
Charge compensation and binding energy referencing in XPS analysis

Throughout the evolution of XPS, the ability to compensate for surface charging and accurately calibrate the binding energy scale, particularly with electrically inhomogeneous samples, has remained one of the most intractable problems. The last decade, however, has seen some quite significant advances in this area. Best exemplified perhaps by the Kratos (UK) 'in the lens' electrostatic mirror/electron source coupled with a magnetic immersion lens, a number of concepts have been advanced that take a quite different conceptual approach to charge compensation. They differ in a number of fundamental ways from the electron flood-type compensators, which are widely used and historically are absolutely essential with instruments based on monochromatized sources. Even more recent has been the use of combined ion and electron flood systems. Thus, modern approaches to compensation represent a more sophisticated understanding both of how charging arises and how it may be mitigated to improve the accuracy and utility of XPS spectra.
Concentrator multijunction solar cell characteristics under variable intensity and temperature

The performance of multijunction solar cells has been measured over a range of temperatures and illumination intensities. Temperature coefficients have been extracted for three‐junction cell designs that are in production and under development. A simple diode model is applied to the three‐junction performance as a means to predict performance under operating conditions outside the test range. These data may be useful in guiding the future optimization of concentrator solar cells and systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does soil heterogeneity and compaction in ingrowth-cores affect growth and morphology of black spruce fine-roots?

Ingrowth-cores are commonly used in studies of fine-root production in forest stands. However, some concerns have been expressed regarding changes in root growth in the artificial soil environment created in ingrowth-cores. In this study, the effects that homogenization and compaction of soil might have on fine-root growth and morphology of black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) were examined. Fine-root (<2 mm) morphology was characterized by diameter and internode length. There was no difference in fine-root biomass and morphology between conventional ingrowth-cores (soil sieved and homogenized) and compacted cores (soil density increased by one third). However, fine-root biomass was substantially higher in ingrowth-cores in which the soil was distributed in layers of different fertility (patchy treatment) and both diameter and internode length values were closer to that found in the undisturbed soil cores. In the heterogenous treatment, the root internode length and biomass was significantly higher in rich patches than in poor patches. Our results indicate that fine-root production assessment using conventional ingrowth-cores where the soil is sieved and homogenized may underestimate the true production found in undisturbed soil. Fine-root architectural parameters in the patchy treatment were more similar to those found in the undisturbed soil cores. This study suggests that stratification or increased patchiness of the ingrowth-core growing medium should better mimic the conditions associated in undisturbed soils.
Fiber Modification of OCC Pulp with Laccase and Natural Mediator System

Three kinds of phenols, namely gallic acid, syringal alcohol and ferulic acid, were selected as laccase natural mediator to investigate the changes of fiber surfaces, morphological properties of fibers, kappa number and physical properties of OCC (Old Corrugated Containers) pulp with laccase/ natural mediator system treatment. It was illustrated that condensation reaction of phenols could be occured by catalytic oxidation of laccase. The results of fiber quality analysis and SEM observation showed that after treated using laccase/ natural mediator system, the resultantly yielded OCC pulp had much smoother surface, larger fibers coarseness, higher kappa number, and the auto-adhesion of fibers could be observed in the fibers. In additon, the wet strength of handsheets, especially the wet ring crush strength, was improved obviously, compared with control sample.
Cationic Two-Photon Absorption Chromophores with Double- and Triple-Bond Cores in Symmetric/Asymmetric Arrangements†

Two-photon absorption (TPA) properties of a series of cationic, linear π-conjugated systems with donor(D)/acceptor(A) substitution have been examined systematically in terms of the type and length of the π-conjugation core and symmetric and asymmetric D/A-arrangement. The TPA spectra of the chromophores measured by the femtosecond open-aperture Z-scan method reveal that the double-bond core results in much more intense TPA than the triple-bond one, with a significant red shift of the TPA peak while the TPA becomes more intense as the chain is extended for the triple-bond core compounds with a little red shift. It is also found that the difference in the D/A-arrangement gives a small difference in the amplitude of the TPA spectrum although the spectral shapes differ considerably.
A new polymorph of trans-carbonyl­chlorobis[tris­(4-fluoro­phenyl)phosphine]rhodium(I)

In the title compound, trans-[RhCl{P(4-FC6H4)3}2(CO)], where 4-FC6H4 is 4-fluoro­phenyl, the Rh—P bond distances are 2.3118 (5), 2.3220 (5), 2.3136 (5) and 2.3233 (5) A, and the Rh—Cl bond distances are 2.3689 (5) and 2.3694 (5) A. The effective cone angles (θE) for the phosphine ligands were calculated to be 155 and 156°.
Giant magnetoresistance in a two-dimensional electron gas modulated by magnetic barriers

The temperature-dependent giant magnetoresistance effect is investigated in a magnetically modulated two-dimensional electron gas, which can be realized by depositing two parallel ferromagnets on the top and bottom of a heterostructure. The effective potential for electrons arising for parallel magnetization allows the electrons to resonantly tunnel through the magnetic barriers, while this is excluded in the anti-parallel situation. Such a discrepancy results in a giant magnetoresistance ratio (MRR), which can be up to 1031%. The MRR shows a strong dependence on temperature, but our study indicates that for realistic parameters for a GaAs heterostructure the effect can be as high as 104% at 4 K.
Synthesis and Properties of Ligands Based on Benzo[g]quinoline

The preparation of 3-amino-2-naphthaldehyde is described. Ammonolysis of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid affords the corresponding amino acid which can be esterified and then reduced with LAH. Protection of the amino group, MnO 2 oxidation of the primary alcohol to an aldehyde, and depro- tection gave the amino aldehyde which is an excellent Friedlander syn- thon for benzo[g]quinolines. Dimethylene-bridged analogues of 2,2'-bipy- ridine and 2,2';6,2″-terpyridine were prepared as well as orthocyclo- phanes derived from tetracyclo[6.3. 0.0 4,1 1 5,9 ]undecane-2,1-dione (TCU-2,1-dione). The absorption and emission spectra of these species are consistent with the parent benzo[g]quinoline where bathochromic shifts result from increased delocalization. The TCU derivative evidences exciplex formation so that its benzo[g]quinoline emission is almost completely quenched and an exciplex emission appears at 525 nm. Electrochemical analysis indicates that both reduction and UV absorption in volve the same π * orbital
Chemical Structure and Curing Behavior of Phenol–Urea–Formaldehyde Cocondensed Resins of High Urea Content

Phenol–urea–formaldehyde cocondensed (PUF) resins of high urea content were prepared by adding different forms of urea to the reaction system. The structure, curing behavior, and water resistance of the PUF resins were investigated, and their relations were also discussed by liquid 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and different scanning calorimetry (DSC). The liquid 13C-NMR analysis showed that urea added in the form of methylolureas was well incorporated into the cocondensed resins by reacting with phenolic methylols to form cocondensed methylene bridges, and that the PUF resins had no free formaldehyde with any form. Unreacted urea and low molecule monosubstituted urea of PUF resins play a dominant role in the curing behavior and water resistance of resins. The peak temperature, curing time, and curing enthalpy (ΔH) value correspondingly increased, however, the water resistance of PUF resins decreased when urea content in PUF resins increased. The PUF cocondensed resin with up to 89.4 % (W U/W P) urea has relatively low cost, and moreover can pass the requirements of China Industry Standard for the exterior grade of structural plywood after 4-h cyclic boiling test.
Battle of the Buttercups: Investigating Hybrid Zone Dynamics in a Ranunculus Species Complex

i Acknowledgements . iii List of Figures . v Master's Thesis Introduction . 1 Methods . 9 Results . 19 Discussion . 22 Conclusions . 26 References . 39 Appendix A. Haplotype Identification . 48 Appendix B. Nuclear DNA . 53
Total synthesis of neothramycin

An efficient total synthesis of neothramycins A (1a) and B (1b) was achieved from the key intermediate (11) which was prepared from o-halogenoaniline derivative (3) and hydroxy-1-proline (4) by use of palladium catalysed carbonylation.
Ground- and excited-state proton transfer in anthocyanins: From weak acids to superphotoacids

Malvidin-3,5-diglucoside (malvin), cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside (cyanin), and pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside (pelargonin) are among the most representative anthocyanins because of their abundance in the most common red flowers and fruits. Anthocyanin color is directly affected by the pH-dependent chemistry of the red (acid) form of these compounds, while anthocyanin photostability is a function of the photophysics of the first excited singlet state. In the present work, we employ laser flash photolysis and picosecond time-correlated single-photon counting to determine the dynamics of the proton-transfer reactions of these three anthocyanins in the ground [deprotonation rate constants, kd = 1.3 × 106 s-1 (pelargonin), 1.8 × 106 s-1 (cyanin), and 3.8 × 106 s-1 (malvin)] and first excited singlet state [deprotonation rate constants, kd = 4.3 × 1010 s-1 (pelargonin), 4.0 × 1010 s-1 (cyanin), and 1.6 × 1011 s-1 (malvin)], respectively. The ground- and excited-state proton-transfer rate constants for anthocyanins and.
Flame ionization detector response factors for compound classes in quantitative analysis of complex organic mixtures

Flame Ionization Detector (FID) response factors for 59 organic compounds were determined on GC using a WCOT column and cool on-column injection. Observed responses gave average response factors characteristic of each compound class. On the basis of multiple determinations, the mean response factor of 16 alkanes was determined to be 14.53 area counts/ng with a relative standard deviation of 1.4% and that of 22 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon standards was 13.47 area counts/ng with a relative standard deviation of 5.7%. Limited studies on oxy-PAH and nitro-PAH indicate that these compounds also exhibit characteristic FID response factors. These experimental results facilitate the quantitative analysis of multicomponents in a complex organic mixture by reducing demand on the number of standard compounds.
Safety and Outcomes of Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients with Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

Objective To evaluate the safety and outcomes of aerobic and resistance training in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation after spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Methods Eleven patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection at 2 academic centres were studied retrospectively during cardiac rehabilitation from July 2013 to September 2017. Patients underwent maximal effort exercise testing at enrollment and discharge per institutional protocol. Patients were prescribed individualized exercise regimens based on stress test results, stress management with a behavioural psychologist, and diet counselling with a nutritionist. Resistance training was introduced during weeks 3-5 with close blood pressure monitoring. Results Ten patients who completed cardiac rehabilitation showed improvements in aerobic exercise capacity and exercise duration. For resistance training, patients increased the total number of resistance exercise modalities, repetitions, or both. After cardiac rehabilitation, significant improvements were found in exercise capacity, Mental Composite Score, Physical Composite Score, anxiety measured by Generalied Anxiety Disorders (GAD-7), and positive affect. During a mean followup of 14 months, no patients had any recurrent dissection or major adverse cardiac events. Conclusion Cardiac rehabilitation is safe and improves functional status, anxiety, positive affect and quality of life in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Future studies should explore ways to further improve the psychosocial and functional status of these patients. LAY ABSTRACT Given paucity of literature, we studied safety and outcome of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients after spontaneous-coronary-artery-dissection (SCAD). Eleven patients with SCAD diagnosed by coronary angiography during 2013-2017 who were enrolled in a hospital-based-CR program were studied. Training started with aerobic exercise for 3-5 weeks followed by resistance training while maintaining a blood pressure <140/90 during exercise. Eight of 11 patients completed 36 CR sessions, two completed 20 sessions, and one patient dropped-out after initial session. At the time of CR completion, there was improvement in CR exercise duration, number and repetition of CR resistance exercises, METs achieved during stress test, Mental-Composite-Score, Physical-Composite-Score, and GAD-7 Anxiety score. There were no major adverse cardiac events during 14 months of follow-up. CR is safe and effective in improving physical and psychosocial function after SCAD.
Size-dependent melting of ice in mesoporous silica

Melting of ice in silica gel and SBA-15 with pore diameters ranging from 11.5 nm down to 1.7 nm is systematically investigated by differential scanning calorimetry measurement. The pore diameter is characterized by using two different methods, i.e. nitrogen desorption and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In comparison with the common belief constructed in the past decade that the melting point depression varies non-linearly against the inverse pore diameter (see e.g. Morishige and Kawano, J. Chem. Phys. 110 (1999) p.4867; Kittaka et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 8 (2006) p.3223 and Jähnert et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 10 (2008) p.6039), our results together with the data reported by Handa et al. (J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) p.8594) and Hirama et al. (J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 184 (1996) p.349) indicate a linear dependence. The discrepancy between the linear and nonlinear dependences is found to come from a principal difference in determining pore sizes from the adsorption isotherm i.e. to use the Desorption branch or the Adsorption branch. With regard to the melting enthalpy depression, our results are consistent with the “excluded volume” analysis (by e.g. Lai et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) p.99). Accordingly, the thickness of the pre-melting surface liquid-like-layer is estimated to be 3 monolayers of water molecules and the critical diameter for detecting the endothermic melting peak of pore ice is 1.8 nm.
Relationship between total and extractable cotton leaf potassium in studies involving soil and foliar applied treatments

Abstract Information on the potassium (K) concentration of cotton leaves is useful to researchers, consultants, and producers for evaluating possible nutrient deficiencies and subsequent need for fertilizer applications. Procedures for evaluating leaf K concentrations generally involve digestion techniques requiring considerable time per sample. Extraction procedures require less time per sample for evaluating nutrient concentrations. An extraction method needs to be correlated with digestion data to evaluate accuracy of the procedure. This study was initiated to evaluate total leaf K, as detected by the sulfuric acid (H2SO4)‐hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) method, and extractable leaf K, using 2% acetic acid, in selected leaf materials representing a wide range of soil‐extractable K, foliar treatments, and growing conditions. Cotton leaves previously collected from other experiments with known total K concentrations were extracted with 2% acetic acid. Regression analyses were conducted evaluating digestible and.
IMPACT OF PERCEIVED VALUE ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY

Customers are considered to be the most important aspect of the business. Survival of the business in terms of the profitability and sustainability depends upon its customers. For the Long and profitable survival of the business it is important to create the value for the customer and to cater their needs. It is very important for the company to attract the potential customers and retain the existing ones because it is the customers who create the demand of the products or services in the market. It is very important for any business to create the value for its customers to increase their satisfaction level with respect to product and organization. Satisfied customers have a higher probability of repeat purchases and long term relationship with the business which ultimately creates the customer loyalty. In the current Competitive business scenario customer loyalty is considered one of the important intangible assets of the business for the formulation of any business strategy. In such environment loyal customers can provide a competitive advantage for any business for the long survival. The aim of this study is to find the relationship between Customer Perceived Value, communication and customer loyalty in rural retailing.
Average Liouvillian theory in nuclear magnetic resonance—principles, properties, and applications

The transient as well as the long-term behavior of the spin-density operator under the influence of radiofrequency pulses and periods of free-precession can be predicted to a reasonable degree of accuracy within the framework of the Average Liouvillian Theory. This approach can be used to design pulse sequences which suppress the effects of certain components of the Liouvillian on the spin dynamics while allowing the detailed analysis of the effects of others. We present here the basic principles of Average Liouvillian Theory and its application in the design of pulse sequences to study the structural and dynamic properties of biomolecules. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 12: 152–172, 2000
Silane Ligand Exchange to Make Hydrophobic Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles Water-Dispersible

Ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were functionalized with a variety of silanes bearing different functional endgroups to render them stable with respect to aggregation and keep them well-dispersed in aqueous media. The MNPs were prepared by the thermal decomposition method, widely used for the synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles with controllable size. This method makes use of a hydrophobic surfactant to passivate the surface, which results in nanoparticles that are solely dispersible in nonpolar solvents. For use in biological applications, these nanoparticles need to be made water-dispersible. Therefore, a new procedure was developed on the basis of the exchange of the hydrophobic surface ligands with silanes bearing different endgroups to decorate ferrite magnetic nanoparticles with diverse functionalities . By this means, we could easily determine the influence of the endgroup on the nanoparticle stability and water-dispersibility. Amino-, carboxylic acid- and poly(ethylene glycol)-terminated.
Raman scattering study on anatase TiO2 nanocrystals

Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanocrystals are prepared by a hydrolysis process of tetrabutyl titanate. Nanocrystal samples with various sizes of 6.8-27.9 nm are obtained after annealing from 100 to 650 °C. The crystal structures and the average particle sizes are examined using x-ray diffraction. Raman scattering was employed to investigate the evolution of the anatase phase in the nanocrystals during annealing. Phonon confinement and non-stoichiometry effects are responsible for the blueshift and broadening of the lowest-frequency Eg Raman mode. The influence of interfacial vibrations on the Raman linewidth is also discussed.
HPTLC Determination of Montelukast Sodium in Bulk Drug and in Pharmaceutical Preparations

Montelukast sodium (1-[[[(1R)-1-[3-[(1E)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]phenyl]-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]propyl]thio]methyl] cyclopropane acetic acid, monosodium salt) is freely soluble in ethanol, methanol, and practically insoluble in acetonitrile [1]. It is a selective and orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT 1 receptor.