Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trauma-afflicted refugees’ experiences of participating in physical activity and exercise treatment: a qualitative study based on focus group discussions

ABSTRACT Background: Refugees with prolonged and repeated experiences of trauma, often in combination with post-migration living difficulties, are subjected to severe levels of stress and stress-related ill health, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Physical activity (PA) is well-established as an effective stress reliever. However, the effect of PA and exercise has received scarce attention in the context of PTSD, and particularly in the field of refugees’ health. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the experience of participation in PA and exercise as part of the treatment for trauma-afflicted refugees. Method: An explorative qualitative research design was used. Six focus group discussions were conducted with 33 female and male participants that had experience of group-based PA and exercise treatment. The gathered data was analysed by qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in one over-arching theme reflecting the participants overall experience of PA and exercise as a process of building resilience. Participants experienced improvements in both physical and mental health domains. Increased self-awareness and self-confidence were seen as additional important benefits, and the interruption of daily stressors provided a sense of relief and recovery. The treatment group settings were experienced as becoming a vehicle for overcoming social fear and isolation, which also carried an empowering and strength-building impact over to participants’ family life and social relationships. Treatment characteristics were experienced as highly supportive and often referred to as the basis of other positive experiences and perceived health benefits. Conclusions: The result of this study outlines a detailed account of trauma-afflicted refugees’ experiences and preferences of PA and exercise-based treatment from a broad range of perspectives. These findings provide a starting point for future research in this field and indicate a particular need for both research and intervention development to include the real-life impact of participating in such treatments. HIGHLIGHTS • This study provides a unique outline of trauma-afflicted refugees’ experiences and preferences of participation in physical activity and exercise-based treatment, pointing to a multitude of pathways toward building resilience. • In participants’ experience, treatment actively aided in both psychological and physical recovery, provided relief from daily problems, increased empowerment and self-confidence, and facilitated social adjustment and relationships. • Treatment characteristics was highlighted as highly supportive and often connected to other positive experiences and perceived health benefits.
Factors affecting fear of falls in patients with chronic stroke

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to find the factors associated with fear of falls in patients having chronic stroke. Methods: Inclusion criterion was subjects with cerebral stroke for more than 3 months. A structured interview of 82 subjects was conducted with a questionnaire with questions regarding personal factors such as gender, side affected, number of comorbidities, and setting of physical therapy sessions. Depression was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire−9, lower extremity motor function was assessed using Fugl-Meyer scale, and functional mobility was assessed using Timed Up and Go. Chi-square analysis was done on the above factors to find significant factors followed by logistic regression of the factors found significant in Chi square. Results: Lower extremity Fugl-Meyer score was significantly associated with fear of falls (p value 0.047 with Odds ratio of 1.136, 95% CI 1.002–1.287) in patients having chronic stroke while treatment factors, such as setting of physical therapy sessions, and personal factors, such as gender, side affected, number of comorbidities, depression, functional mobility, or use of walking aid, were not found to have significant association. Conclusion: The lower extremity Fugl-Meyer score is associated with fear of falls in patients having chronic stroke.
Variations by sex and age in the association between alcohol use and depressed mood among Thai adolescents

Background Alcohol is associated with depression among adolescents, but variations in the association by age and sex are relatively unexplored. This study aims to assess variations in the association between alcohol consumption and depressed mood among adolescents by age and sex. Methods We analyzed data from a school-based survey of 38,186 students in junior high school (Year 7 and 9) and senior high school (Year 11). The mean age of the participants was 15.2 (SD = 1.9) years. We used multivariate logistic regression to measure the association between self-reported alcohol drinking (past-year, past-month, and binge-drinking) and history of depressed mood for two weeks or more during the past year. We stratified the analyses by school level (as proxy for age group) and sex of the respondent. Results Approximately 1% of students in surveyed schools refused to answer the questionnaires and fewer than 5% of all questionnaires were invalid. Prevalence of depressed mood was 13.2%. Prevalence of past-year alcohol drinking was 41.0% among those with depressed mood vs. 24.6% among those with no depressed mood (Adj OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.60, 1.98). The association was strongest among girls in junior high school (Adj OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 2.03, 2.79) and weakest among boys in senior high school (Adj OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.42). Conclusion Associations between alcohol drinking and depressed mood were particularly strong among junior high school girls. Youth mental health and alcohol programs should consider prioritizing this sub-group accordingly.
Work-Life Balance in Great Companies and Pending Issues for Engaging New Generations at Work

The changing nature of employment and work causes new demands in society, such as work-life balance, that has emerged in labor relations as an important aspect of a healthy work environment. In this context, Best Companies to Work for are a reference in caring for their staff, and it is well known that new generations—that frequently use the Internet to be informed—are making their decisions as job seekers by checking and comparing corporate websites. In order to learn from the best companies, but also to discover what could be improved by identifying the gaps, this study observes the current work-life balance practices in the last Best Companies to Work for awarded by Fortune. The main contribution of this work is the development of a weighted index for benchmarking purposes considering the preferences of new generations at work. The study demonstrates that the best companies still report low levels of work-life balance information. The main implication drawn from the study, due the requirements of new generations at work and the rapidly emerging field of e-recruiting, is the need for human resource departments to fit work and personal life in a fluid way, while maintaining a healthy balance. It is also recommended for companies to improve their disclosure of work-life practices on line for attracting talent from Millennials and Generation Z.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Food-Originated Coagulase- Negative Staphylococcus: Analysis of Conserved Core Genes and Diversity of the Pan-Genome

To shed light on the genetic differences among food-originated coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), we performed pan-genome analysis of five species: Staphylococcus carnosus (two strains), Staphylococcus equorum (two strains), Staphylococcus succinus (three strains), Staphylococcus xylosus (two strains), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (one strain). The pan-genome size increases with each new strain and currently holds about 4,500 genes from 10 genomes. Specific genes were shown to be strain dependent but not species dependent. Most specific genes were of unknown function or encoded restriction-modification enzymes, transposases, or prophages. Our results indicate that unique genes have been acquired or lost by convergent evolution within individual strains.
A prospective cohort analysis of gut microbial co-metabolism in Alaska Native and rural African people at high and low risk of colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND Alaska Native (AN) people have the world's highest recorded incidence of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) (∼91:100,000), whereas rural African (RA) people have the lowest risk (<5:100,000). Previous data supported the hypothesis that diet affected CRC risk through its effects on the colonic microbiota that produce tumor-suppressive or -promoting metabolites. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether differences in these metabolites may contribute to the high risk of CRC in AN people. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study assessed dietary intake from 32 AN and 21 RA healthy middle-aged volunteers before screening colonoscopy. Analysis of fecal microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and fecal/urinary metabolites by 1H-NMR spectroscopy was complemented with targeted quantification of fecal SCFAs, bile acids, and functional microbial genes. RESULTS Adenomatous polyps were detected in 16 of 32 AN participants, but not found in RA participants. The AN diet contained higher proportions of fat and animal protein and less fiber. AN fecal microbiota showed a compositional predominance of Blautia and Lachnoclostridium, higher microbial capacity for bile acid conversion, and low abundance of some species involved in saccharolytic fermentation (e.g., Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae), but no significant lack of butyrogenic bacteria. Significantly lower concentrations of tumor-suppressive butyrate (22.5 ± 3.1 compared with 47.2 ± 7.3 SEM µmol/g) coincided with significantly higher concentrations of tumor-promoting deoxycholic acid (26.7 ± 4.2 compared with 11 ± 1.9 µmol/g) in AN fecal samples. AN participants had lower quantities of fecal/urinary metabolites than RA participants and metabolite profiles correlated with the abundance of distinct microbial genera in feces. The main microbial and metabolic CRC-associated markers were not significantly altered in AN participants with adenomatous polyps. CONCLUSIONS The low-fiber, high-fat diet of AN people and exposure to carcinogens derived from diet or environment are associated with a tumor-promoting colonic milieu as reflected by the high rates of adenomatous polyps in AN participants.
Water-Ionic Liquid Binary Mixture Tailored Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Carbon Aerogels without Added Catalyst

The potential applications of mesoporous carbon aerogels are wide-ranging. These gels are often obtained from resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) hydrogel precursors. The sol-gel method in this synthesis provides an efficient and versatile means of product control through systematic variation of process conditions, such as pH, stoichiometry, concentration, catalyst, further additives, etc., in addition to the drying and pyrolytic conditions. Here, a novel means of tuning the texture of carbon aerogels is proposed. Water-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ([emim][EtSO4] mixtures constitutes a polycondensation medium that requires no added catalyst, thus yielding an intrinsically metal-free carbon aerogel after pyrolysis. We also show that the carbon morphology is tailored by the supramolecular structure of the aqueous ionic liquid. The results of scanning electron micrographs, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) confirm that changing the initial water concentration from 9 to 55 wt % gives rise to systematic alteration of the mesopore size and volume, as well as of the bead size. The pore structure becomes consolidated only when the water content exceeds 25 wt %. When the water content reaches 55 wt %, the bead size increases by two orders of magnitude. The electrocatalytic performance, however, is compromised, most probably by structural defects.
Radical Dehydroxymethylative Fluorination of Carbohydrates and Divergent Transformations thereof.

A mild and convenient protocol for synthesis of reversed glycosyl fluorides (RGFs) has been developed relying on silver-promoted radical dehydroxymethylative fluorination of carbohydrates. The salient feature of the reaction is that furanoid and pyranoid carbohydrates furnish structurally diverse RGFs bearing a wide variety of functional groups in good-to-excellent yields. Intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer experiments reveal that the reaction mechanistically involves an underexploited radical fluorination via β-fragmentation of sugar-derived primary alkoxyl radicals. Structural divergence of RGFs is achieved by catalytic activation of C-F bonds, offering a concise and efficient strategy for synthesis of reversed glycosides via late-stage diversification of RGFs. The potential of this method is showcased by the preparation and diversification of sotagliflozin, leading to the discovery of a promising candidate of SGLT2 inhibitors.
A Health-Conscious Food Pattern Is Associated with Prediabetes and Gut Microbiota in the Malmö Offspring Study

ABSTRACT Background Diet is a determinant of gut microbiota. Both diet and gut microbiota have been linked to metabolic diseases. Objective We aimed to examine data-driven food patterns in relation to the prevalence of prediabetes and gut microbiota composition and food pattern–associated bacteria in relation to prediabetes. Methods Food patterns were extracted using principal component analysis in 1726 individuals (aged 18–71 y, 55% women, mean BMI = 25.5 kg/m2) without diabetes from the population-based Malmö Offspring Study. The gut (fecal) microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1–V3 region). Prediabetes classification was based on fasting glucose ≥6.0 mmol/L and/or glycated hemoglobin ≥42 mmol/L at baseline and/or type 2 diabetes diagnosis during follow-up (0–3.8 y). Logistic regression was used to investigate cross-sectional associations with prediabetes, and the general linear model to examine associations between food patterns and bacterial genera. Results Two food patterns, the Health-conscious and the Sugar and High-Fat Dairy patterns, were identified. Adherence to the Health-conscious pattern was associated with a lower prevalence of prediabetes (OR comparing highest quintile with lowest: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.92; P-trend = 0.03) and with the abundance of several gut bacterial genera, of which the most robust findings were with a higher abundance of Roseburia and Lachnospira and with a lower abundance of Eubacterium. Roseburia was also associated with a lower prevalence of prediabetes (OR comparing highest quintile with lowest: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.92; P-trend = 0.01) and the association between the Health-conscious pattern and prediabetes was attenuated after adjustment for abundance of Roseburia and BMI. Adherence to the Sugar and High-Fat Dairy pattern was associated with a higher prevalence of prediabetes in women (P-trend across food pattern quintiles = 0.03). Conclusions In this Swedish population-based study, a Health-conscious food pattern showed an inverse association with the prevalence of prediabetes. Potential underlying explanations may involve links between healthy diet and BMI, as well as gut microbiota, especially a higher abundance of Roseburia.
Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumor (Report of 7 cases )

Objective:To evaluate the methods and efficacy of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumor.Methods:From January 2003 to May 2004,7 cases with renal tumor, diameter 4 cm, underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.The operations were performed transperitoneally and renal arteries and veins were clamed. Tumor excision was performed in a bloodless field.Results:All procedures successfully completed laparoscopically. Mean ischemia time was 33 minutes.Mean time of stay in hospital after the surgery was 7.8 days. Postoperative followup in 6 patients for 2～15 months showed renal function was well and no tumor recurred.Conclusions:Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for small renal tumor is safe and feasible. The procedure is minimally invasive.
The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis

Can the presence of green space in urban environments reduce the frequency of violent crime? To ascertain the evidence on this topic, we conducted an in-depth literature review using the PRISMA checklist. The search parameters included US articles written in English and published since 2000. More than 30,000 potential paper titles were identified and ultimately, 45 papers were selected for inclusion. Green spaces typically comprised tree cover, parks and ground cover. Criminal behaviors typically included murder, assault, and theft. The majority of the research reviewed involved quantitative methods (e.g., comparison of green space area to crime data). We extracted multiple mechanisms from the literature that may account for the impact of green space on crime including social interaction and recreation, community perception, biophilic stress reduction, climate modulation, and spaces expressing territorial definition. Recommendations are made for future research, such as meta-analysis of existing data and the development of grounded theory through qualitative data-gathering methods. By providing evidence that access to nature has a mitigating impact on violence in urban settings, city governments and communities are empowered to support these interventions.
Riding behavior and electric bike traffic crashes: A Chinese case-control study

Abstract Objective: The present case-control study sought to explore at-risk riding behaviors associated with e-bike related traffic crashes among e-bike riders in China. Methods: Cases were recruited from residents aged 16 years and over in communities which stated “selected e-bikes as travel tools and experienced traffic crashes in the last year”. Two controls for each case were randomly selected from a population of e-bike riders who had not experienced a traffic crash in the past year. The cases and controls were matched by gender, age (within 5 years) and school education level. Data were collected using questionnaires and face-to-face interviews from July 2015 to September 2015 in China. After conducting univariate logistic analysis on study variables, a conditional logistic regression model based on the 1:2 matched case-control study design was developed. Results: Multiple-factor conditional logistic regression analysis of e-bike related traffic crashes showed that running red lights (always vs. never, AOR = 3.094, 95% CI, 1.077-8.891, P < .05), riding after drinking (yes vs. no, AOR = 1.578, 95% CI, 1.102-2.259, P < .05), carrying adults while riding (always vs. never, AOR = 2.140, 95% CI, 1.273-3.595, P < .05), turning without signaling (sometimes vs. never, AOR = 1.446, 95% CI, 1.805-1.928, P < .05), riding in the motor vehicle lane (always vs. never, AOR = 2.413, 95% CI, 1.576-3.695, P < .01), prior crash history (yes vs. no, AOR = 1.670, 95% CI, 1.257-2.220, P < .05), and type of e-bikes (scooter-style e-bikes vs. bicycle-style e-bikes, AOR = 1.471, 95% CI, 1.068-2.026, P < .05) were identified as possible risk factors for e-bike traffic crashes. Conclusion: The findings of this research provide evidence about specific risky behaviors related to road traffic crashes involving e-bikes and indicated that behavioral intervention and education need to be strengthened to reduce dangerous riding behaviors. These results will be helpful for design of e-bike road risk prevention programs.
Antibacterial Films Based on PVA and PVA–Chitosan Modified with Poly(Hexamethylene Guanidine)

In this study, thin, polymeric films consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (Ch) with the addition of poly(hexamethylene guanidine) (PHMG) were successfully prepared. The obtained materials were analyzed to determine their physicochemical and biocidal properties. In order to confirm the structure of PHMG, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) was applied, while in the case of the obtained films, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR-ATR) was used. The surface morphology of the polymer films was evaluated based on atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, the mechanical properties, color changes, and thermal stability of the obtained materials were determined. Microbiological tests were performed to evaluate the biocidal properties of the new materials with and without the addition of PHMG. These analyses confirmed the biocidal potential of films modified by PHMG and allowed for comparisons of their physicochemical properties with the properties of native films. In summary, films consisting of PVA and PHMG displayed higher antimicrobial potentials against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria in comparison to PVA:Ch-based films with the addition of PHMG.
Expression Profile of the Chromosome 14 MicroRNA Cluster (C14MC) Ortholog in Equine Maternal Circulation throughout Pregnancy and Its Potential Implications

Equine chromosome 24 microRNA cluster (C24MC), the ortholog of human C14MC, is a pregnancy-related miRNA cluster. This cluster is believed to be implicated in embryonic, fetal, and placental development. The current study aimed to characterize the expression profile of this cluster in maternal circulation throughout equine gestation. The expression profile of miRNAs belonging to this cluster was analyzed in the serum of non-pregnant (diestrus), pregnant (25 d, 45 d, 4 mo, 6 mo, 10 mo), and postpartum mares. Among the miRNAs examined, 11 miRNAs were differentially expressed across the analyzed time-points. Four of these miRNAs (eca-miR-1247-3p, eca-miR-134-5p, eca-miR-382-5p, and eca-miR-433-3p) were found to be enriched in the serum of pregnant mares at Day 25 relative to non-pregnant mares. To further assess the accuracy of these miRNAs in differentiating pregnant (25 d) from non-pregnant mares, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for each of these miRNAs, revealing that eca-miR-1247-3p and eca-miR-134-5p had the highest accuracy (AUCROC = 0.92 and 0.91, respectively; p < 0.05). Moreover, eca-miR-1247-3p, eca-miR-134-5p, eca-miR-409-3p, and eca-miR-379-5p were enriched in the serum of Day 45 pregnant mares. Among those miRNAs, eca-miR-1247-3p and eca-miR-409-3p retained the highest accuracy as shown by ROC analysis. GO analysis revealed that these miRNAs are mainly implicated in nervous system development as well as organ development. Using in situ hybridization, we localized eca-miR-409-3p in the developing embryo (25 d) and extra-embryonic membranes (25 and 45 d). In conclusion, the present study is the first to elucidate the circulating maternal profile of C24MC-associated miRNAs throughout pregnancy and to suggest that serum eca-miR-1247-3p, eca-miR-134-5p, and eca-miR-409-3p could be used as pregnancy-specific markers during early gestation (25 and 45 d). Overall, the high abundance of these embryo-derived miRNAs in the maternal circulation suggests an embryo-maternal communication during the equine early pregnancy.