Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conservação de rosas ‘carola’ utilizando substâncias com potencial biocida

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of different preservative solutions on maintaining postharvest quality of red roses cultivar ‘Carola’. The treatments evaluated in both experiments were five preservative solutions: (S) sucrose (1%) (SAC) sucrose (1%) + citric acid (0.2 g L-1), (SACH) sucrose (1 %) + citric acid (0.2 g L-1) + sodium hypochlorite (1%) (SACA) sucrose (1%) + citric acid (0.2 g L-1) + rosemary oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (100 uL L-1), (SACG) sucrose (1%) + citric acid (0.2 g L-1) + Oil Ginger (Zingiber officinale) (100 uL L-1). In the first experiment the rods were maintained for 10 days in refrigerator at 3 ± 1 °C and in the second experiment were maintained for five days in refrigerator (3 ± 1 °C) and five days at ambient conditions (19 ± 1 °C) . The variables evaluated were swelling, curvature of the floral stalk, browning petals, floral opening and colored petals, in both experiments, and coloring of the petals in the second experiment. The evaluations were performed every two days during the storage period in experiment 1, and daily during the shelf period in experiment 2. The experimental design in both experiments was a randomized complete block design with four replications and two branches each. In the first experiment, the use of sucrose was shown to be as effective as the other preservative solutions, preserving the roses up to 10 days in cold storage at 3 ± 1° C. In the second experiment, for the solution containing sucrose alone, the use of sodium hypochlorite, rosemary oil, and ginger oil showed the best results in maintaining the quality of the rods, and essential oils gave better preservation of roses
Spider sperm competition : the conduit/cul-de-sac hypothesis : a route to understanding or a dead end?

This thesis is an evaluation of the hypothesis that the spennathecae of spiders affects the sperm precedence patterns in a predictable way (Austad 1984). Spermathecae come in two varieties: cul-de-sac and conduit. Cul-de-sac spennathecae, according to the hypothesis, are supposed to lead to second male sperm priority and conduit to first male sperm priority . The hypothesis was evaluated both directly and indirectly. Direct measurements were made of paternity in two species, Pholcus phalangioides and Tetragnatha montana, both of which are cul-de-sac species. It was found that P. phalangioides complies with the predicted precedence pattern and thus does not disprove the hypothesis. This second male priority pattern was despite a much shorter mating time by second mating males. In T. montana no precedence pattern was found, with equal likelihood of first or second mating males of gaining paternity. There was in T. montana a possible influence of the duration of mating affecting the precedence pattern, with longer mating males gaining a higher paternity no matter what order they mated in. It is discussed whether or not this is due to sperm loading or genitalic stimulation (Eberhard 1985). Indirect evaluation of the hypothesis included an analysis of mating behaviour in Zygiella x-notata which is a conduit species and was chosen as a comparison to the two cul-de-sac species. In Z. x-notata it was found that there was no difference between mating duration in first and second mating males. Mating persistence is thus the same in first and second mating males, suggesting that the males cannot detect that the female is a denuded resource to second mating males. Hence first male priority may not be a factor in this species. Other indirect methods of evaluating the hypothesis involved charting the incidence of mate-guarding and mating-plugs. The expected pattern of mate-guarding was for conduit species to pre-mate guard and for cul-de-sac species to post-mate guard, because of the predicted sperm precedence patterns associated with the spermathecae. The predicted pattern was not found. In the case of mating-plugs it was predicted that these should be deployed by cul-de-sac species because it is in these species that second males are able to usurp paternity to a large extent. The opposite pattern was found with mating-plugs of various design being utilized by conduit species. It is postulated that mating-plugs are the mechanism by which first male priorities are established in conduit species, where this pattern is found. The absence of plugs in cul-de-sac species is possibly the reason that second males can cuckold. The additional data collected since 1984 reveal that patterns of paternity found in spiders seem to be more complex than was originally assumed by Austad (1984). Spermathecae are species-specific in character and this may reflect a species specificity in sperm precedence patterns. Thus the conduit I cul-de-sac dichotomy may not reflect a useful prediction of paternity patterns.
Characterization of Indigenous Fat-tailed Sheeps in Iran: Diversity in Blood Proteins

Sheep are an important source of meat in Iran. However, there are different sheep types raised in different agro-ecological zones and their genetic status is unknown. This paper reports the variation in three blood proteins from three populations of sheep found in Iran . Blood samples were collected from a total 816 sheep of both sexes in three Iranian fat-tailed breeds (Sangsari, Makoei, indigenous sheep on firoozkouh mountain) serum, plasma and erythrocyte were separated and were frozen at -20°C. Variation in their blood proteins, albumin, haemoglobin and transferrin were examined to characterize the breeds and to obtain genetic relationship among them. Only transferrin was polymorphic in all breeds investigated; while albumin was monomorphic for S allele and haemoglobin was fixed for the B allele in three breeds.
GENETIC DISSECTION OF FACTORS THAT PROMOTE GENOME STABILITY IN THE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS GERM LINE

Genome stability encompasses the mechanisms that ensure the integrity of DNA is kept intact amidst constant insults, the most toxic of which are DNA double-strand breaks. Deficiencies in factors that detect, respond to, and repair DNA are associated with cancer predisposition and, in some cases, accelerated aging. Maintenance of genome stability is paramount in germ cells, which undergo meiosis to give rise to haploid gametes for reproduction. A key step during meiosis I is the formation of crossovers between homologous chromosomes, which are created by the induction of a DNA double-strand break followed by homologous recombination repair. Crossovers allow homologous chromosomes to segregate such that daughter cells have equal DNA content. Errors stemming from DNA repair or chromosome segregation defects during meiosis are often fatal. Consequently, the process of crossover formation is tightly regulated, though not completely understood. Caenorhabditis elegans offers an advantageous model for studying factors that promote meiotic genome stability, with a well-organized germ line and clear read-outs of defects in DNA repair and chromosome segregation. Here, we explore two factors that promote genome stability in the C. elegans germ line through distinct mechanisms, sws-1 and xnd-1. sws-1 was identified as a potential member of the conserved Shu complex, which promotes homologous recombination by regulating RAD51 filament dynamics. Using a novel allele of sws-1, we found that sws-1 indeed promotes homologous recombination in the germ line, especially at replication forks. Moreover, SWS-1 functions with the RAD-51 paralogs, thus forming a C. elegans Shu complex. Our work provides a new translational model in which to expand our understanding of the Shu complex in a metazoan. xnd-1 was identified as a regulator of meiotic recombination with phenotypes suggestive of a broader role in maintaining genome stability, including sensitivity to ionizing radiation. We found that the high lethality of xnd-1 mutants is not due to chromosome missegregation during meiosis. Rather, our data suggests that the histone acetyltransferase mys-1 may induce genome instability through increased acetylation of histone H2A lysine 5. Our work provides xnd-1 as a model in which to study the link between chromatin factors, gene expression, and genome stability.
An improved plating assay for determination of phage titer

Phage is a virus that is parasitic on bacteria. It is very important to determine the titer of test sample in the study of phage. In this study, an improved plating assay was developed for detection of the number of recombinant phage Cap-T7 present in a test solution at a certain dilution point by counting the plaque forming units. The data demonstrated that the improved plating assay is fast, useful, and convenient for the determination of the phage titer in a sample. Keywords: Phage Cap-T7, detection method, plaque forming units
Acurácia, precisão e robustez de indicadores internos para predição da digestibilidade aparente total de matéria seca em equinos

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a acuracia, a precisao e a robustez de diferentes indicadores internos na predicao da digestibilidade aparente total da materia seca (MS) para equinos. Foram utilizadas cinco eguas em manutencao, sem raca definida, com peso medio de 406±76,9kg e idade aproximada de 3,5 anos, alojadas em baias individuais. O experimento foi disposto em quadrado latino 5x5 (cinco dietas e cinco animais). Foram coletadas amostras dos alimentos fornecidos e das fezes para determinacao bromatologica dos indicadores, e, para determinacao das fracoes indigestiveis, foi realizada incubacao in vitro. Os indicadores utilizados foram fibra em detergente neutro indigestivel (FDNi), fibra em detergente acido indigestivel (FDAi), celulose indigestivel (CELi) e lignina em detergente acido indigestivel (LDAi). Os indicadores estudados tiveram medias de taxa de recuperacao (TR) muito proximas a 100%. Em razao de uma menor taxa de recuperacao, os indicadores FDNi e LDAi apresentaram vieses negativos e diferentes de zero (P 0,05). A FDAi parece ser o indicador mais indicado para se estabelecerem valores de referencias para digestibilidade. Com base nos resultados, e possivel sugerir que a CELi e o indicador mais indicado para se compararem fatores entre o mesmo estudo.
Dati preliminari sulla distribuzione in Lombardia dei gamberi d'acqua dolce autoctoni e alloctoni

The introduction of allochthonous crayfish species is a problem that has attracted much attention only in the latest few years, when their range has reached such a large and alarming extension to damage indigenous species' populations. The authors report some preliminary results about the distribution of the autochthonous crayfish Austropotamobius italicus (Faxon, 1914) and of the allochthonous Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) and Orconectes limosus Rafinesque, 1817 in the watersheds of Lombardy. One hundred and ninety-nine sites housing crayfish populations (104 of A. italicus, 57 of P. clarkii, and 38 of O. limosus) were recorded, shared among nine provinces; the altitudinal distribution covers an elevation interval between 22 and 756 meters a.s. l.
Applying Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis to Forest Ecosystem Management with Both Cardinal and Ordinal Criteria

Multicriteria decision analysis is applied to ecosystem management planning in a forest landscape. Ten alternative action plans were evaluated employing five criteria. For some criteria, cardinal measures with their associated uncertainties were obtained. For other criteria, only ordinal (ranking) information was available. The Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis with Ordinal criteria (SMAA-O) method was used, as it accommodates both cardinal and ordinal data. This is the first application of SMAA methods to forest management. SMAA-O represents inaccurate or uncertain cardinal criteria measurements by a joint probability distribution. Ordinal data is converted into stochastic cardinal data by simulating mappings between ordinal and cardinal scales that preserve the given rankings. At the same time, the unknown or partly known preferences of the decision maker are simulated by choosing weights randomly from appropriate distributions. The main results of the analysis are acceptability indices that describe the variety of different weights that support an alternative for a given rank. The special characteristics of SMAA-O are best utilized in problems involving uncertainty and where both cardinal and ordinal data are to be employed. It also serves well as an analysis tool in interactive planning processes, especially when criteria weights are not known or they are difficult to assess.
Trichoderma- a potential and effective bio fungicide and alternative source against notable phytopathogens: A review

Trichoderma, is a useful, filamentous fungi and they are cosmopolitan in nature which have attracted the attention because of their multi prong action against various plant pathogens. There are several biocontrol mechanism employed by Trichoderma against plant pathogens, these include release of hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cell wall of phytopathogenic fungi, competition for nutrients, parasitism, and antibiotics. Trichoderma spp. generally grows in its natural habitat on plant root surface and therefore it controls root diseases in particular.
Cresia opalescens gen. et sp. nov. (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea

Une nouvelle algue rouge, Cresia opalescens D.L. Ballant. , C. Lozada-Troche et H. Ruiz est decrite des recifs coralliens de Porto Rico a des profondeurs entre 3 et 20 m. Le nouveau genre, dont les caracteres reproductifs et morphologiques rappellent ceux de Chrysymenia, possede une iridescence brillante qui forme des motifs reguliers. Cresia opalescens produit des thalles de petite taille, simples vesiculaires globuleux ou peltes, composes d'une seule couche de cellules medullaires et de deux couches de cellules corticales. Les gametophytes sont dioiques. Les cystocarpes legerement protuberants mesurent 270-320 μm de diametre. Les cellules-mere des spermatanges sont produites en series periclinales, et elles se divisent pour produire les spermatanges. Les tetrasporanges ovales sont disperses dans le cortex. Ils sont intercalaires, divises de facon croisee, et mesurent 20 x 25 μm. Les donnees moleculaires indiquent que cette algue est positionnee dans le groupe Erythrocolon de la famille Rhodymeniaceae.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the gelechioid Hieromantis kurokoi (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae)

Abstract Although the Gelechioidea is the second most species-rich group of Lepidoptera, comparatively few mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have been sequenced in this superfamily. Here, we determined the complete mitogenomic sequence of the gelechioid Hieromantis kurokoi (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae) as the basis for a future study of the phylogeny of butterflies and moths (clade Ditrysia). The H. kurokoi genome was 15,208 bp with a typical set of genes (13 protein-coding genes [PCGs], two rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes) and one major non-coding A + T-rich region. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene had a CGA start codon, which is the start codon for this gene in the majority of lepidopteran species, whereas other PCGs began with an ATN codon. A 360 bp-long A + T-rich region harbored the blocks of conserved sequences that are typically found in lepidopteran insects. Phylogenetic analysis using the 13 PCGs and Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum-likelihood (ML) methods indicated that H. kurokoi belonged to the family Stathmopodidae and grouped together with the within-familial species Atrijuglans hetaohei with the highest nodal support (BI, 1.0; ML, 100%).
Consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com resíduo da extração da polpa de tamarindo

This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility by sheep fed diets containing residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP). We used four sheep with a mean body weight (BW) of 40.38 kg, whose pens were distributed in a Latin square design. The diet treatments contained 0, 5, 10 and 15% of RETP. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the differences observed were tested using regression equations at 5% significance. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC),expressed in g day-1, % BW and g kg0,75-1, were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the inclusion of RETP. The intake of ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) showed a linear increase (p 0.05) when RETP was included in the diet. The inclusion of up to 15% of the residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp changes the intake of ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, and reduced dry matter, crude protein, and total carbohydrates in the sheep’s diet.
Development of single-molecule tracking confocal microscope combined with force spectroscopy for gene-expression analysis

We have constructed a confocal fluorescence microscope combined with force measurements. Our method allows for simultaneous measurements of fluorescence anisotropy, energy transfer and correlation. The methodology and thesensitivity of the set-up using enhanced green fluorescent protein are described. We present results on (a) the detection of mRNA polymerization during in vitro transcription using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and anisotropy, (b) detection of in vivo protein-DNA interactions using fluorescence anisotropy and (c) nanomanipulation of polytene chromosomes using the micropippete force sensor. Such a combined method allows for probing novel structure-function relationship underlying gene-expression.
Urease de Helicobacter pylori : atividade pró-inflamatória e efeitos em células epiteliais gástricas

The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori produces large amounts of urease, whose enzyme activity enables the bacterium to survive in the stomach. We have previously shown that ureases display enzyme-independent effects in mammalian models, most through lipoxygenases-mediated pathways. Here, we evaluated potential pro-inflammatory properties of H. pylori urease and its effects in epithelial gastric cells. Urease induced paw edema with intense neutrophil infiltration. In vitro 100 nM urease was chemotactic to human neutrophils, inducing production of reactive oxygen species. Urease-activated neutrophils showed increased lifespan, with inhibition of apoptosis accompanied by alterations of Bcl-XL and Bad contents. These effects of urease persisted in the absence of enzyme activity. Urease-induced paw edema, neutrophil chemotaxis and apoptosis inhibition reverted in the presence of the lipoxygenase inhibitors esculetin or AA861. Neutrophils exposed to urease showed increased content of lipoxygenase(s) and no alteration of cyclooxygenase(s). We observed that the endocytosis occur via EEA1 and Lamp1 endosomes, and is dependent of lipid rafts. Additionally, the urease induces the migration of AGS cells in an experiment that simulates the wound healing assay. Urease also stimulates the over-expression of GM-CSF by AGS cells. Altogether, our data indicate that the urease, besides allowing the bacterial survival in the stomach, could play an important role in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal inflammatory disease caused by H. pylori.
Association analysis of fruit traits in mulberry species (Morus L.)

ABSTRACT Improvement of fruit traits is an important objective in current mulberry breeding programs. In this study, 93 mulberry accessions of diverse origin were genotyped using 15 ISSR markers to identify marker–trait associations with fruit traits. Fifteen ISSR primers generated a total of 104 amplification products, of which 94 were polymorphic, revealing 90.38% polymorphism; the mean PIC value was 0.2698. UPGMA cluster analysis showed clear genetic relationships between the 93 mulberry cultivars, and the major clusters were related to known pedigree relationships and their ecotype. The mean r2 value for all intra-chromosomal loci pairs was 0.0210. Marker–trait associations were investigated using the unified mixed-model approach, considering both population structure (Q) and kinship (K). In total, 24 marker–trait associations (p < 0.01) were identified using different ISSR markers. The results suggest that association mapping in mulberry is a viable alternative to quantitative trait loci mapping, and detection of associations between markers and mulberry fruit traits will also provide important information for marker-assisted breeding.
Microbiological Control of Cucumber Hydrocooling Water with Chlorine Dioxide †.

The time required to cool size 2B (3.43 to 3.75-cm-diameter) pickling cucumbers by a commercial spray-type hydrocooler to less than 9°C was about 18 min at typical initial fruit temperatures of 25 to 29°C. During this period, the fruit was exposed to the recycled water, which reached relatively high populations of bacteria (106 to 107 colony forming unites [CFU]/g total aerobes and 105 to 106 CFU/g total Enterobacteriaceae) during a typical day's operation. These numbers exceeded those present on the unwashed fruit, depending upon the volume of fruit previously cooled. Residual chlorine dioxide at 1.3 ppm was found to optimally control (2 to 6 log-cycles reduction) the numbers of bacteria. At 0.95 ppm chlorine dioxide, the numbers of bacteria in the water were relatively static, while at 2.8 and 5.1 ppm the odor of chlorine dioxide became excessive. The bacterial populations in/on the cucumbers were not greatly influenced by chlorine dioxide, even at 5.1 ppm. Apparently, microorganisms on or in the fruit were protected from the chlorine dioxide. Thus, the use of chlorine dioxide in hydrocooling water of cucumbers seems to be an effective means of controlling microbial build-up in the water, but has little effect upon microorganisms on or in the fruit.
Planning and Generating Natural and Diverse Disfluent Texts as Augmentation for Disfluency Detection

Existing approaches to disfluency detection heavily depend on human-annotated data. Numbers of data augmentation methods have been proposed to alleviate the dependence on labeled data. However, current augmentation approaches such as random insertion or repetition fail to resemble training corpus well and usually resulted in unnatural and limited types of disfluencies. In this work, we propose a simple Planner-Generator based disfluency generation model to generate natural and diverse disfluent texts as augmented data, where the Planner decides on where to insert disfluent segments and the Generator follows the prediction to generate corresponding disfluent segments. We further utilize this augmented data for pretraining and leverage it for the task of disfluency detection. Experiments demonstrated that our two-stage disfluency generation model outperforms existing baselines; those disfluent sentences generated significantly aided the task of disfluency detection and led to state-of-the-art performance on Switchboard corpus.
Determinants of Educational Access in Indonesia

: Indonesia’s economy continues to expand, as indicated by its positive economic growth. Economic growth is expected to positively affect human resource quality in Indonesia through the improvement of net enrollment ratio (NER) in education. In this study, the econometric model utilized for determining education access in Indonesia relied on Susenas data between 2011 and 2015 and several macro data. The analysis result shows there is significant effect of per capita income and the Indonesian government’s expenditure on education and income inequality on the NER at all education levels, whereas the mean years of schooling (MYS) are solely influenced by the government’s expenditure on education and the ages for secondary school (junior and senior high).