Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LQG Design for Megawatt-Class WECS With DFIG Based on Functional Models' Fidelity Prerequisites

With the increasing trend of connecting high penetrations of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) to the transmission networks comes the challenge of updating the grid code for the connection of megawatt-class wind turbines. Starting with each WECS entity in the wind farm, the specifications would require the ability to complement some of the power system control services-voltage and frequency control-currently carried out by conventional synchronous generation. This paper investigates output power stability of a WECS in a highly fluctuating wind environment. Based on a performability model, a control strategy is devised for maximizing energy conversion in low to medium winds, and maintaining rated output in above rated winds while keeping torsional torque fluctuations to a minimum. Control is exercised via collective blade pitch control as well as generator torque control. The fundamental philosophy behind the proposed control strategy for the wind turbine coupled to an asynchronous doubly fed induction generator is general and can be easily extended to other WECS configurations.
Myocardial blood flow determined with krypton 85 in unanesthetized dogs.

Serial, rapid measurements of left ventricular myocardial blood flow in trained, unanesthetized dogs have been made by injecting krypton 85 through chronically implanted coronary artery catheters and counting with an external scintillation detector. Precordial radioactivity declined as a single exponential function during the first 2 min after injection, suggesting a single rate of myocardial blood flow. Simultaneous estimations with Kr85 and blood flowmeters in acute experiments established the accuracy and reproducibility of the technique. Myocardial blood flows between 40 and 55 ml/100 g/min were observed repeatedly in three well-trained, unanesthetized dogs in the basal state.
The predation costs of symmetrical cryptic coloration

In psychological studies of visual perception, symmetry is accepted as a potent cue in visual search for cryptic objects, yet its importance for non-human animals has been assumed rather than tested. Furthermore, while the salience of bilateral symmetry has been established in laboratory-based search tasks using human subjects, its role in more natural settings, closer to those for which such perceptual mechanisms evolved, has not, to our knowledge, been investigated previously. That said, the salience of symmetry in visual search has a plausible adaptive rationale, because biologically important objects, such as prey, predators or conspecifics, usually have a plane of symmetry that is not present in their surroundings. We tested the conspicuousness to avian predators of cryptic artificial, moth-like targets, with or without bilateral symmetry in background-matching coloration, against oak trees in the field. In two independent experiments, symmetrical targets were predated at a higher rate than otherwise identical asymmetrical targets. There was a small, but significant, fitness cost to symmetry in camouflage patterns. Given that birds are the most commonly invoked predators shaping the evolution of defensive coloration in insects, this raises the question of why bilateral asymmetry is not more common in cryptic insects.
Expression of the Lipopolysaccharide-Modifying Enzymes PagP and PagL Modulates the Endotoxic Activity of Bordetella pertussis

ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the major constituents of the gram-negative bacterial cell envelope. Its endotoxic activity causes the relatively high reactogenicity of whole-cell vaccines. Several bacteria harbor LPS-modifying enzymes that modulate the endotoxic activity of the LPS. Here we evaluated whether two such enzymes, i.e., PagP and PagL, could be useful tools for the development of an improved and less reactogenic whole-cell pertussis vaccine. We showed that expression of PagP and PagL in Bordetella pertussis leads to increased and decreased endotoxic activity of the LPS, respectively. As expected, PagP activity also resulted in increased endotoxic activity of whole bacterial cells. However, more unexpectedly, this was also the case for PagL. This paradoxical result may be explained, in part, by an increased release of LPS, which we observed in the PagL-expressing cells.
Efficient DPCM predictor for hardware implementation of lossless medical brain CT image compression

Computed Tomography (CT) medical images show a specific part of human body and present it in a digital form. Lossless image compression is one of the medical imaging applications. To implement such application on hardware we need a simple and fast algorithm. Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) is a simple and efficient method for transforming image. In this paper best predictor for DPCM introduce in a manner in which has the best result in compression and also be efficient for hardware implementation. fter transforming image by DPCM, Huffman encoding used to compress image. We introduce this method with application to brain CT images.
A training program in portable fluoroscopy for the detection of glass in soft tissues.

OBJECTIVES The role of emergency department (ED) bedside fluoroscopy is incompletely defined. One potential application is the evaluation of glass foreign bodies (GFBs). We studied the effect of a training intervention on the ability of emergency physicians to detect GFBs in an established chicken leg model. We also studied performance one week after training. METHODS Assessment of this teaching intervention involved nine emergency medicine residents with minimal prior hands-on fluoroscopy experience. Zero, one, or two clear glass shards no larger than 1.0 mm in any dimension were inserted into fresh chicken legs. Each subject scanned 12 to 15 legs without being given any feedback to determine baseline accuracy. Next, 27 to 30 more legs were immediately scanned with feedback given after each response. Subjects scanned 15 more legs one week later without feedback as follow-up. Data were analyzed using mixed-model analysis of variance. RESULTS At baseline, overall sensitivity and specificity were 0.40 and 0.61, respectively. At follow-up, sensitivity and specificity were 0.93 and 0.91, respectively. Subjects were significantly more accurate during training and follow-up than at baseline. This level of proficiency reached during training was maintained and continued to improve one week later. CONCLUSIONS Emergency medicine residents previously inexperienced in fluoroscopy may, through a brief training intervention, acquire the skill to accurately detect small pieces of glass in a chicken leg model, and maintain proficiency one week later. Further studies of emergency department fluoroscopy in GFB management in humans are warranted.
Towards Universal Dependencies for Learner Chinese

We propose an annotation scheme for learner Chinese in the Universal Depen-dencies (UD) framework. The scheme was adapted from a UD scheme for Mandarin Chinese to take interlanguage characteristics into account. We applied the scheme to a set of 100 sentences written by learners of Chinese as a foreign language, and we report inter-annotator agreement on syntactic annotation.
A Multi-Vantaged Approach to Measurement of Behavioral and Affect States for Clinical and Psychobiological Research

The development of methods based on the “multivantaged” assessment of behavioral, affect, and cognitive constructs in patients with affective disorders, is reponed. The state and outcome constructs were derived for application in clinical and psychobiological studies, particularly those aimed at testing biobehavioral hypotheses and the evaluation of the effects of drugs. The development of the constructs is based on the combining of scales from established measures which assess the patient in the interview, on the ward, from his self-report, and from a new vantage, through video methodology. Psychometric analyses primarily from data from the NIMH Collaborative Study of the Psychobiology of Depression describe the assembling of the 11 state constructs, and the estimation of their reliabilities, their interrelationships, and their validities. The methods are shown to be capable of characterizing pathologic and “normal” affects, social and expressive behaviors, and impairments in the cognitive and somatic spheres. They differentiated such diverse groups as depressives, manics, and normals, and such behaviorally similar depressive types as the unipolar and bipolar. Preliminary evidence is reported which indicates differential sensitivity to the effects of tricyclic drugs
Dummy Endogenous Variables in Nonseparable Models

This paper considers the nonparametric identification and estimation of the average effect of a dummy endogenous variable in nonseparable models. The analysis includes the case of a dummy endogenous variable in a discrete choice model as a special case. This paper establishes conditions under which it is possible to identify and consistently estimate the average effect of the dummy endogenous variable without the use of large support conditions and without relying on parametric functional form or distributional assumptions. A root-N consistent and asymptotically normal estimator is developed for a special case of the model. JEL Numbers: C50, H43
Synthesis of fabricable shape from partial specifications. (Synthèse de formes fabricables à partir de spécifications partielles)

Les techniques de fabrication rapide, issues des techniques de prototypage rapide comme l’impression 3D ou la decoupe laser permettent de fabriquer des pieces uniques sans demander d’expertise particuliere du procede mis en œuvre. En revanche la modelisation de nouveaux objets tout comme la personnalisation d’objets existants restent difficiles. En effet, les techniques de prototypages rapides imposent des contraintes sur la geometrie du modele qui doivent etre respectees. Cette these presente un ensemble de techniques qui ont pour point commun d’assister l’utilisateur dans la modelisation d’un objet, en tenant compte des contraintes du procede qui permettra de le fabriquer. A cette fin, l’algorithme prend en charge tout ou partie de la modelisation. En particulier, les problematiques suivantes sont abordees : Tout d’abord, je propose d’ameliorer la qualite des objets fabriques avec une imprimante 3D en minimisant certains defauts qui apparaissent lors de la fabrication. Les approches developpees modifient uniquement les algorithmes de pilotage de l’imprimante. En second lieu, je propose d’aider l’utilisateur a prendre en compte les contraintes de fabrication pendant la modelisation. Mes techniques utilisent des informations partielles sur la forme que l’utilisateur souhaite fabriquer, comme le dessin en deux dimensions d’un mecanisme, ou un modele parametrique qui definit un meuble. L’algorithme optimise une forme finale qui ameliore des criteres lies a sa fabrication (gaspillage, encombrement, etc.). Enfin, dans certains cas (e.g. grand public) l’utilisateur n’est pas forcement a meme de modeliser ces formes via des logiciels specialises. Pour ce cas precis, je propose une technique de synthese de meubles a partir de specifications fonctionnelles, e.g. la specification de poids a porter dans l’espace
A Survey of Sentiment Lexicons

This is a survey paper that introduces sentiment lexicons and explains the state of the art in the field of sentiment lexicons. Different kinds of lexicons are covered, varying in aspects such as coverage, methods of creation, lexical unit and granularity. It aims at giving a representative sampling of the field of sentiment lexicons.
Complementation of Cold Shock Proteins by Translation Initiation Factor IF1 In Vivo

ABSTRACT The cold shock response in both Escherichia coli andBacillus subtilis is induced by an abrupt downshift in growth temperature and leads to a dramatic increase in the production of a homologous class of small, often highly acidic cold shock proteins. This protein family is the prototype of the cold shock domain (CSD) that is conserved from bacteria to humans. For B. subtilis it has been shown that at least one of the three resident cold shock proteins (CspB to D) is essential under optimal growth conditions as well as during cold shock. Analysis of theB. subtilis cspB cspC double deletion mutant revealed that removal of these csp genes results in pleiotropic alteration of protein synthesis, cell lysis during the entry of stationary growth phase, and the inability to differentiate into endospores. We show here that heterologous expression of the translation initiation factor IF1 from E. coli in aB. subtilis cspB cspC double deletion strain is able to cure both the growth and the sporulation defects observed for this mutant, suggesting that IF1 and cold shock proteins have at least in part overlapping cellular function(s). Two of the possible explanation models are discussed.
Functional-characterization of developing tumor vascular system and drug delivery (review).

This review summarizes our recent experiments on the process of tumor vascularization and character of tumor vessels. By vitalscopic observation with transparent chambers in rats, we found that the sites where tumor vessels originated were usually terminal portions of terminal arterioles and that an intricate tumor vascular network was constructed from incorporated preexisting vessels and newly formed vessels by three different modes, i.e., sprouting, cross-connecting and splitting. Observation and hydrogen clearance studies showed that tumor blood flow changed remarkably during the development of the tumor vascular network. At an early stage of tumor growth, there were some regions of high flow in the tumor. At an advanced stage, however, there was a rapid increase in low-flow or no-flow areas which were resistant to access of anticancer drugs and oxygen. Angiotensin II-induced hypertension produced a several-fold increase in tumor blood flow without increasing tissue blood flow of normal tissues. These good conditions for drug delivery to tumor tissue are able to enhance therapeutic effects of chemotherapy, irradiation, antibody and photodynamic therapy.
Responses of the rat to thermal radiation.

Using the method of rapid measurement of skin temperature during exposure to known amounts of thermal radiation, the ‘thermal inertia’ or kpc product ( k = thermal conductivity, p = density, c = specific heat) was measured for the rat skin. An average kpc value of 84 ± 18 x 10 –5 cal 2 /cm 4 /sec/°C 2 was obtained for the lightly anesthetized animal. This value was independent of the intensity of the radiation, the method of exposing the skin; i.e., shaving, clipping, or depilating, and anesthesia. Administration of 200 mg/kg of azapetine phosphate, a potent adrenolytic agent, was accompanied by a marked drop in skin temperature (4–5°C), but no statistically significant change was observed in the kpc values when compared with the controls. Unanesthetized animals were exposed to high intensity thermal radiation and the animals9 reactions observed. Two reactions could be identified, the skin twitch and the escape or withdrawal reactions, occurring at average skin temperatures of 45–46°C and 51–52°C, respectively. A possible correspondence of these reactions to those previously observed to occur in man at these temperatures; i.e., pain threshold and wince threshold, was noted.
Light sensitive SiGe MEM resonator for detection and frequency tuning applications.

This paper presents a silicon-based MEM resonant light sensor, a novel application for MEM resonators. The sensor is a particular kind of micro-bolometer in which the temperature increase of the heat absorber material is measured as a change in the resonant frequency, as opposed to the more traditional resistance measurement. A theoretical model, based on the finite element approach, will be presented together with measurements of fabricated sensors. The sensors were fabricated in a silicon-germanium (SiGe) based technology, with a 4µm thick structural layer. The sensors exhibited measured sensitivities up to 53 ppm/µW. From a theoretical analysis a temperature increase of 4.2K is predicted, which is in good agreement with the measured value of 5K.
International collaborative project to compare and monitor the nutritional composition of processed foods

Background: Chronic diseases are the leading cause of premature death and disability in the world with overnutrition a primary cause of diet-related ill health. Excess energy intake, saturated fat, sugar, and salt derived from processed foods are a major cause of disease burden. Our objective is to compare the nutritional composition of processed foods between countries, between food companies, and over time. Design: Surveys of processed foods will be done in each participating country using a standardized methodology. Information on the nutrient composition for each product will be sought either through direct chemical analysis, from the product label, or from the manufacturer. Foods will be categorized into 14 groups and 45 categories for the primary analyses which will compare mean levels of nutrients at baseline and over time. Initial commitments to collaboration have been obtained from 21 countries. Conclusions: This collaborative approach to the collation and sharing of data will enable objective and transparent tracking of processed food composition around the world. The information collected will support government and food industry efforts to improve the nutrient composition of processed foods around the world.
Fixed point precision requirements of the CMA for digital coherent access

We investigate the bit precision required for the implementation of a fixed point constant modulus algorithm equalizer with least mean squares tap updating for coherent receivers. We demonstrate that for a 10Gbit/s PM-QPSK access system operating over 80km, with 7% and 20% FEC overheads, the benefit of increasing the resolution of the fixed point arithmetic saturates at 5 bits.
An effective feature extraction method for face recognition

This paper introduces an efficient method for the recognition of human faces in 2-dimensional digital images using a new feature extraction method. The proposed feature extraction method includes human face localization derived from the shape information using a new distance measure as facial candidate threshold (FCT) as well as Pseudo Zernike moment invariant (PZMI). Also we introduce a new parameter to define axis correction ratio (ACR) of images for disregarding irrelevant information of face images. In this paper the effect of the new parameters in disregarding irrelevant information in recognition rate is studied. Also we evaluate the effect of orders of PZMI in the proposed technique. Simulation results on the face database of Olivetti research laboratory (ORL) indicate that high order PZMI together with derived face localization and proposed technique for feature extraction contain very useful information about face recognition process. Recognition rate of 99.3% is obtained using this proposed technique.
Theoretical analysis on DC-DC converter for impedance matching of a rectifying circuit in wireless power transfer

Impedance matching is a common issue in wireless power transfer system. This paper focuses a novel viewpoint on DC-DC converter for resistance conversion in rectifying circuit. We give a theoretical analysis on the input/output resistance relation and voltage relation of three topologies DC-DC converters both in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The input resistance of buck-boost converter in DCM is independent of the input voltage and load resistance. We succeed in applying this buck-boost converter in microwave power transfer system for impedance matching.
Expression of the nmpC gene of Escherichia coli K‐12 is modulated by external pH. Identification of cis‐acting regulatory sequences involved in this regulation

Using a set of gene fusions generated with TnphoA, we previously identified the phmA locus, whose expression is modulated as a function of external pH (pHo). The phmA::phoA fusion was cloned and sequenced and the phmA locus was identified with the nmpC gene. This gene lies within the defective lambdoid prophage qsr′ and NmpC is an outer membrane protein which functions as a porin. We demonstrated that nmpC is sensitive to catabotite repression and dependent on the CRP—cAMP complex. However, cAMP is not a signal for the pHo‐dependent expression of nmpC. By generating step deletions in the sequence 5′ to the nmpC coding region, we identified a DNA region in position —345 to —127 which is involved in nmpC repression, mainly during growth at acid pHo. Four regions with strong homologies and a very well‐conserved organization of the functional sequence were found in the nmpC and ompF promoters. We propose that the negative regulation of nmpC during growth at low pHo might involve DNA looping of the nmpC promoter.
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I trans activator induces class I major histocompatibility complex antigen expression in glial cells

Transfection of the tax gene encoding the trans activator of human T-cell leukemia virus type I into glial line cells induced class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on these cells. This occurred through the interaction of tax protein with the gene encoding class I MHC antigens but not through any soluble factors, such as interferons, or factors from glial cells. Since neural cells do not usually express MHC antigens, this novel mechanism may be an intermediate event between viral infection and subsequent immune-mediated pathology in the central nervous system.
Exploring the ‘fractionation’ of autism at the cognitive level

Autism spectrum disorders are defined by difficulties across a range of areas: social and communication difficulties and restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests. It has been suggested that this triad of symptoms cannot be explained by a single cause at the genetic, neural or cognitive level. This article reviews the evidence for a ‘fractionable’ autism triad at the cognitive level, highlighting questions for future research.
Vitronectin Modulates Glycosaminoglycan Dependent Reactions of Protein C Inhibitor

Summary Protein C inhibitor (PCI), a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) dependent serine protease inhibitor, inhibits its target proteases by forming SDS-stable 1:1 complexes. GAGs alter target enzyme specificity of PCI in such a way that e.g. urokinase (uPA) is the preferred target enzyme in the presence of GAGs while in their absence preferentially tissue kallikrein (TK) complexes are formed. The effect of the GAG-binding adhesive glycoprotein vitronectin (Vn) on the GAG-stimulated inhibition of uPA by PCI was studied using an amidolytic assay. In the presence of heparin, Vn protected uPA from inhibition by PCI in a dose-dependent manner with respect to both, Vn- and heparin-concentration. Vn also was active when heparin was replaced by low-molecular weight heparin or heparan sulfate, respectively. In the absence of GAGs, Vn had no effect on the inhibition of uPA by PCI. In a similar system, Vn was far less effective in modifying the inhibitory function of heparin on the inhibition of TK by PCI. When equimolar concentrations of radiolabelled uPA and TK were incubated with PCI in the presence of heparin, only complexes of PCI with uPA were detectable. Addition of Vn reduced this complex formation, whereas, in contrast, complexes of PCI and TK appeared. These results indicate that Vn modulates both, the activity and specificity of PCI and suggest different structural heparin-requirements for the PCI/uPA versus PCI/TK interaction.