Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochronological and geochemical studies of adakites from Tethyan Belt, Western Pakistan: A clue to geodynamics and Cu-Au mineralization

ABSTRACT Large porphyry Cu-Au deposits are associated with Early Miocene intrusive rocks in Tethyan belt, discovered along Chagai magmatic arc in Western Pakistan, adjacent to Southeast Iran. Two types of rocks were discriminated as granodiorite and monzodiorite from Saindak area. The granodiorites are associated with regional large Cu-Au mineralization, while the monzodiorites are mostly ore-barren. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating yielded weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 22.16–24.2 Ma for granodiorites and ca. 22.6 Ma for a monzodiorite. These intrusive rocks in the Saindak area are all calc-alkaline rocks, with enriched LILEs and depleted HFSEs, and without Eu negative anomalies. The felsic granodiorites are characterized by high Sr contents and Sr/Y ratios, with intermediate to high (La/Yb)N ratios that identify them as typical high-silica adakites. In contrast, the basaltic-andesitic monzodiorites are just normal arc-related rocks, showing less fractionated REE patterns than the granodiorites, with systematically lower LREE and higher MREE and HREE. Low K2O/Na2O ratios and decoupled Sr/Y-(La/Yb)N ratios indicate the characteristics of slab-derived adakites for the granodiorites, most likely originated through partial melting of the subducted Neotethys oceanic crust beneath Eurasian continent followed by subsequent mantle interaction. The almost simultaneously melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle induced by dehydration of Neotethys plate gave rise to the formation of the barren monzodiorites. These intrusive rocks in the Saindak area are characterized by similar Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes with high 87Sr/86Sri ratios, slightly negative εNd(t) values and radiogenic Pb isotopes, plotting in the field between the MORB and EM-II mantle endmembers or the Average Cadomian Lower Crust, suggesting subducting sediments or old continental crustal materials have contributed into the compositions of these rocks by source enrichment or crustal contamination. The slab-melting derived adakite is favourable for regional massive Cu-Au mineralization in the Saindak area. Graphical Abstract
Coopetition in Innovation Activities and Firms' Economic Performance: An Empirical Analysis

We use survey data to test whether it pays to cooperate in innovation activities with rivals (also referred to as coopetition) compared to other cooperative arrangements, notably with non-rival partners. Applying an ordinary least squares regression to a large sample of French firms (N = 2957), we found evidence of a positive and significant relationship between various forms of cooperation (with and without rivals) and firms' economic performance, measured by EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization). Results show that cooperation with rival and non-rivals taken together increases economic performance, but that the impact of cooperation with rivals is lower than the impact of cooperation with non-rivals. Estimation results suggest that reaping the full cooperation benefits is not automatic and requires precision dosing and management.
Twitter Bursts: Analysis of their Occurrences and Classifications

Twitter, a microblogging service launched in October 2006, has become one of the most popular social communication media. Because Twitter’s characteristics are immediacy, ease of use, and bi-directionality, its timeline reflects the real world almost instantly. Once a major event happens, the number of tweets increases rapidly. In this article, this phenomenon is defined as a burst. The authors gathered Japanese tweets on a public timeline from Twitter API over a period of fifteen months starting from November, 2011, to February, 2013. We collected over 5 billion posts created by about 11 million users. Results of our analysises show that during the bursts, the total number of tweets showed a higher percentage of retweets, fewer replies, and fewer characters used per post than those during normal status. Cluster analysis revealed five types of bursts. Furthermore, we clarified that the scale of earthquakes in Japan and the distance from the quakes’ epicenters to Tokyo significantly affected the occurrence of bursts on Twitter. Keywords-Twitter; Burst; Clustering
Mobile Learning Revolution: Implications for Language Pedagogy

Mobile technologies including cell phones and tablets are a pervasive feature of everyday life with potential impact on teaching and learning. “Mobile pedagogy” may seem like a contradiction in terms, since mobile learning often takes place physically beyond the teacher's reach, outside the walls of the classroom. While pedagogy implies careful planning, mobility exposes learners to the unexpected. A thoughtful pedagogical response to this reality involves new conceptualizations of what is to be learned and new activity designs. This approach recognizes that learners may act in more self-determined ways beyond the classroom walls, where online interactions and mobile encounters influence their target language communication needs and interests. The chapter sets out a range of opportunities for out-of-class mobile language learning that give learners an active role and promote communication. It then considers the implications of these developments for language content and curricula and the evolving roles and competences of teachers.
SAR Prediction and SAR Management for Parallel Transmit MRI

Parallel transmission, i.e. the use of multiple independent RF transmit coils, enables a relatively direct control of the RF field and is considered as a key-technology to recover image homogeneity in high-field MRI (≥ 3 T). The use of parallel transmission has, however, also caused concerns about the specific absorption rate (SAR). Depending on the multi-channel drive, the SAR can significantly vary and the location of SAR hotspots within the patient body can change. Conventional safety assessment schemes for single-channel transmission fail to address this situation, hence more sophisticated SAR prediction concepts are required. The present thesis aims to provide such methods for comprehensive safety assessment in parallel transmit MRI, based on finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and on measurements. This work first focuses on modeling of a multi-channel RF coil and cross-calibration to the real physical RF system. Then, a novel approach to generate human body models from an MR pre-scan is proposed, based on waterfat separation. A first in vivo validation of human body models was performed by means of B1 mapping. Parallel transmit MRI can furthermore be applied for SAR reduction in addition to improving RF excitation uniformity. This is referred to as “SAR management” in this work. It could be shown for a broad variety of human body models that an improved uniformity is related to reduced SAR. To get a better handle on the SAR, a novel optimization approach with local SAR constraints is developed. This presents a robust and fast approach to achieve optimal uniformity while maintaining local SAR limits. Finally, the potential of SAR reduction by adapting the channel weights depending on the location in the sampling k-space is explored. This approach takes advantage of the fact that most signal information is contained in the central k-space. A notable additional SAR reduction with marginal compromises on image quality could be achieved. As the SAR is a major limiting factor in most high-field MRI protocols, the proposed approaches to SAR management can be directly applied to improve image quality or to reduce examination times.
A New Approach to Earth's Gravity Field Modeling Using GPS-Derived Kinematic Orbits and Baselines

Earth’s gravity field recovery from GPS observations collected by low earth orbiting (LEO) satellites is a well-established technique, and kinematic orbits are commonly used for that purpose. Nowadays, more and more satellites are flying in close formations. The GPS-derived kinematic baselines between them can reach millimeter precision, which is more precise than the centimeter-level kinematic orbits. Thus, it has long been expected that the more precise kinematic baselines can deliver better gravity field solutions. However, this expectation has not been met yet in practice. In this study, we propose a new approach to gravity field modeling, in which kinematic orbits of the reference satellite and baseline vectors between the reference satellite and its accompanying satellite are jointly inverted. To validate the added value, data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission are used. We derive kinematic orbits and inter-satellite baselines of the twin GRACE satellites from the GPS data collected in the year of 2010. Then two sets of monthly gravity field solutions up to degree and order 60 are produced. One is derived from kinematic orbits of the twin GRACE satellites (‘orbit approach’). The other is derived from kinematic orbits of GRACE A and baseline vectors between GRACE A and B (‘baseline approach’). Analysis of observation postfit residuals shows that noise in the kinematic baselines is notably lower than the kinematic orbits by 50, 47 and 43% for the along-track, cross-track and radial components, respectively. Regarding the gravity field solutions, analysis in the spectral domain shows that noise of the gravity field solutions beyond degree 10 can be significantly reduced when the baseline approach is applied, with cumulative errors up to degree 60 being reduced by 34%, when compared to the orbit approach. In the spatial domain, the recovered mass changes with the baseline approach are more consistent with those inferred from the K-Band Ranging based solutions. Our results demonstrate that the proposed baseline approach is able to provide better gravity field solutions than the orbit approach. The findings may facilitate, among others, bridging the gap between GRACE and GRACE Follow-On satellite mission.
Learning Analytics for Academic Writing through Automatic Identification of Meta-discourse

Effective written communication is an essential skill which promotes educational success for undergraduates. Argumentation is a key requirement of successful writing, which is the most common genre that undergraduates have to write particularly in the social sciences. Therefore, when assessing student writing academic tutors look for students’ ability to present and pursue well-reasoned and strong arguments through scholarly argumentation, which is articulated by meta-discourse. Today, there are some natural language processing systems which automatically detect authors’ rhetorical moves in scholarly texts. Hence, when assessing their students’ essays, educators could benefit from the available automated textual analysis which can detect meta-discourse. However, previous work has not shown whether these technologies can be used to analyse student writing reliably. The aim of this thesis therefore has been to understand how automated analysis of meta-discourse in student writing can be used to support tutors’ essay assessment practices. This thesis evaluates a particular language analysis tool, the Xerox Incremental Parser (XIP) as an exemplar of this type of automated technology. The studies presented in this thesis investigates how tutors define the quality of undergraduate writing and suggests key elements that make for good quality student writing in the social sciences, where XIP seems to work best. This thesis also sets out the changes that needs to be made to the XIP and proposes in what ways its output can be delivered to tutors so that they make use of this output to give feedback on student essays. The findings reported also show problems that academic tutors experience in essay assessment, which potentially could be solved by automated support. However, tutors have preconceptions about the use of automated support. The study revealed that tutors want to be assured that they retain the ‘power’ themselves in any decision of using automated support to overcome these preconceptions.
Effect of Water Column Stability on Surface Chlorophyll and Time Lags under Different Nutrient Backgrounds in a Deep Reservoir

Hydrodynamic conditions are considered to be very important in the control of algal blooms. Weekly or daily measurements may miss some important events in the hydrodynamic process, resulting in inaccurate evaluations of the impacts of hydrodynamics on phytoplankton. In this study, high-frequency (15-min interval) measurements were used to analyze the effect of water column stability on surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) and lag time under different nutrient backgrounds during a cyanobacterial bloom in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Cross-correlation analysis between the relative water column stability (RWCS) and Chl a was performed at different stages. The results showed that the RWCS above the euphotic depth influenced the surface Chl a concentration most significantly. A lower RWCS (<20) limited the increase in the Chl a concentration, and a higher RWCS caused a significant increase in Chl a only when nutrients were not limited (TN/TP < 29) and light and temperature conditions were suitable. It took a short time for a higher RWCS to significantly increase the surface Chl a concentration compared with a lower RWCS. When the waterbody had a very low Chl a concentration (almost 0), approximately 2 days were needed to significantly increase the Chl a concentration, while approximately only half an hour was needed when the background concentration of Chl a was slightly higher. During the bloom period, a decline in the RWCS significantly decreased the Chl a in a very short time (approximately half an hour). Reducing the water column stability could be a good approach to control cyanobacterial blooms.
Cellulose nanocrystal assisted dual-modification of starch and subsequent polyvinyl alcohol blends

A cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) based dual-modification was explored as a means to achieve better film properties. Starch was mixed with 0.5 wt% CNC followed by oxidation with NaClO, then esterified with CNC and vinyl acetate. The dual-modified starch showed an increased degree of substitution, disrupted morphology, and decreased crystallinity. A remarkable catalytic effect of CNC was found with 0.3 wt% CNC in esterification, where the degree of substitution was 2.7 times higher than that of dual-modified starch without CNC. The best modifying condition was selected as 0.3 wt% CNC and 7.0 wt% vinyl acetate. The film generated from dual-modified starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), and glycerol generated a smooth surface and compact structure. Moreover, the films based on dual-modified starch had improved transparency, thermal stability, and tensile strength compared to that of native starch or oxidized starch. The highest tensile strength of film was obtained at 25.7 MPa with 30 wt% PVOH. The film showed the highest water resistance with a contact angle of 113°.
MAPPING SHALLOW SEA DEPTH FROM SPOT-5 SATELLITE

Based on the Spot-5 satellite imagery, this paper uses the wave kinematics bathymetry method to derive shallow sea depth. The Spot-5 satellite has a panchromatic band resolution of 2.5m and a width of 60km, which is suitable for obtaining nearshore gravity wave information. By generating a spectrogram by FFT conversion, the wave number, wavelength, and wave direction information of the sea surface gravity wave can be obtained, and finally the water depth can be obtained. The overall accuracy of the inversion result of water depth in this paper is 18.80%.
A Tool for Assessing Text Suitability for Greek Language Teaching

Viewing its use in language teaching mainly as a text corpus, this article examines the problem of the assessment of suitability of this material for use in the Greek language course in Cyprus schooling. The suitability of texts for use in language teaching is defined by four parameters, which are described in detail in this article: text readability, content, genre, and grammatical information. The literature review shows the research gap as to the ways of finding on the Web a suitable text for use in language teaching according to specific characteristics. The tool diaKeimenou, which is presented in this article, aims to fill this gap and help the teacher choose the most suitable texts for teaching with reasonable effort and time. The results of the usability evaluation of diaKeimenou are also presented in this article.
Map use tasks in regional exploratory studies

In order to be able to build effective tools for cartographic exploration, a clear distinction should be made between the overall objective of that exploration, the various questions or map use tasks that have to be solved and the actual map use activities that are executed to deal with these questions. When map use tasks and map use activities are combined into matrices, one for every map display required, a model of geographical problem solving emerges, that can be tested in user research. This procedure is worked out here for the example of a regional exploratory study with the overall objective of gaining insight into the geography of an unknown region.
International Diversification Benefits: An Investigation from the Perspective of Chinese Investors

Purpose - The main purpose of this paper is to investigate whether Chinese investors can benefit from international diversification and where these benefits are to be found. Design/methodology/approach - This paper applies an expanding optimization procedure, which is different from the econometric methods or Monte Carlo simulations adopted in many empirical investigations in the literature. The authors' analysis is based on various realized portfolios that are set up at different dates in the sample period. Findings - Based on a stream of realized portfolios, the authors show that Chinese investors can gain substantially in terms of risk reduction as they venture into foreign markets, regardless of the region into which they choose to diversify and whether in-sample or out-of-sample performance is evaluated. However, the optimal strategies under consideration cannot achieve higher out-of-sample expected returns and risk-adjusted returns than does the domestic investment. Originality/value - In contrast with those in the literature, the authors' analysis is based on the out-of-sample performance of a series of realized optimal portfolios. Their method can address time-varying correlations that are ignored in most previous research. In addition, this method not only allows them to analyze sizes of diversification benefits but also enables them to examine the major characteristics of international portfolios to gauge the effectiveness of different diversification strategies.
A Bit More than a Fly on the Wall: Roles and Responsibilities in Design-Based Research

The above quotation originates from one science teacher, Arya, who raises questions concerning the roles and responsibilities in the present design-based research (DBR) study. Arya seems to perceive the researcher’s role as that of an observer who process what is happening much like a fly on the wall. By analysing the micro-communication processes between two science teachers and the first author (henceforth called the researcher), we explore the roles and responsibilities in a study concerning outdoor education in science at the upper-secondary level. The present study is guided by Wang and Hannafin’s (2005) definition of DBR as ‘a systematic but flexible methodology aimed to improve educational practices through iterative analysis, design, development, and implementation, based on collaboration among researchers and practitioners in real-world settings, and leading to contextually-sensitive design principles and theories’ (pp. 6–7). With regard to DBR, this definition includes the aim (improve educational practices) and the approach (iterative cycles in collaboration). It also indicates among whom (researchers and practitioners) and where (realworld settings) the DBR is conducted, as well as its outcome (context-sensitive design principles and theories). Collaboration among researchers and teachers are important for inclusion and participation, however, reflections concerning how roles and responsibilities are negotiated appear to be under-researched. Although educational researchers and teachers may share a number of similarities, they work in separate cultural communities (Caplan, 1979). On one side, teachers work within organisational structures with all of their practical implications and complexities (Doyle, 1986; Penuel et al., 2015). Teachers frequently seek practical approaches and want to gain knowledge that can improve their teaching (Kolmos, 2015). On the other side, DBR researchers work within an academic culture and ‘research often proceeds slowly, as researchers prioritize generating evidence through cycles of inquiry and analysis before they are ready to recommend action. ’ (Penuel et al., 2015, p. 188). There is a broad consensus that teachers’ professional knowledge concerning educational practice is a key factor in DBR (Christensen, Gynther and Petersen, 2012; Juuti and Lavonen, 2006; Wang and Hannafin, 2005). Teachers should be encouraged to participate in DBR, especially to identify problems and articulate solutions (Christensen, Gynther and Petersen, 2012). The DBR discourse appears to be concerned about the lack of teacher involvement in RESEARCH
The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans' Policy Preferences

This monumental study is a comprehensive critical survey of the policy preferences of the American public, and will be the definitive work on American public opinion for some time to come. Drawing on an enormous body of public opinion data, Benjamin I. Page and Robert Y. Shapiro provide the richest available portrait of the political views of Americans, from the 1930's to 1990. They not only cover all types of domestic and foreign policy issues, but also consider how opinions vary by age, gender, race, region, and the like. The authors unequivocally demonstrate that, notwithstanding fluctuations in the opinions of individuals, collective public opinion is remarkably coherent: it reflects a stable system of values shared by the majority of Americans and it responds sensitively to new events, arguments, and information reported in the mass media. While documenting some alarming case of manipulation, Page and Shapiro solidly establish the soundness and value of collective political opinion. The Rational Public provides a wealth of information about what we as a nation have wanted from government, how we have changed our minds over the years, and why. For anyone interested in the short- and long-term trends in Americans' policy preferences, or eager to learn what Americans have thought about issues ranging from racial equality to the MX missile, welfare to abortion, this book offers by far the most sophisticated and detailed treatment available.