Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Income Volatility See-Saw: Implications for School Lunch. ERS Report Summary.

Income volatility challenges the effectiveness of the safety net that USDA food assistance programs provide low-income families. This study examines income volatility among households with children and the implications of volatility for eligibility in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). The results show that income volatility was higher for successively lower income groups and that the major determinants of changes in NSLP eligibility were changes in total household hours worked and the share of working adults. Income volatility in two-thirds of lower income households caused one or more changes in their monthly NSLP eligibility during the year. An estimated 27 percent of households that were income eligible for subsidized lunches at the beginning of the school year were no longer income eligible for the same level of subsidy by December due to monthly income changes.
Reading the space of the farmers' market: a preliminary investigation from the UK.

The aim of this paper is to begin to examine the emergence of Farmers’ Markets (FM)in the UK. It is suggested that FM represent a new type of ‘consumption space’ within the contemporary British foodscape, one which may be read as a heterotopic convergence of localist, moral, ethical and environmental discourses,mediated by networks of producers, consumers and institutions. Based on a preliminary analysis of some of the discourses employed by these actors,it is argued that FM can be understood simultaneously as ‘conservative’ and ‘alternative’ spaces. ‘Conservative’ in that they encapsulate a reactionary valorization of the local,linking localness to the ideas of quality, health and rurality, and ‘alternative’ in that they represent a diversifying rural economy arising in response to the difficulties being experienced by some uk farmers and a more general perception of a countryside under threat. Initial evidence from a pilot case study in Stratford-upon-Avon is used to support these suggestions and propose suggestions for future research.
High Temperature Mechanical Properties of the Platinum Group Metals

The platinum group metals are well suited for use at extremely high temperatures under mechanical loads and simultaneous corrosive attack. They have high melting points, excellent chemical stability and are highly resistant to oxidation. When using these materials in the design of components it is necessary to have data available on their elastic properties as a function of temperature. In this paper, investigations are presented into the temperature dependence of Young’s modulus, the modulus of rigidity and Poisson’s ratio for platinum, platinum alloys, rhodium and iridium. Measurements were carried out at the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, using a resonance technique. Influences from both the microstructure and the alloying elements on the elastic properties and their temperature dependence were found.
CAREGIVER PRIORITIES & CHILD HEALTH INDEX OF LIFE WITH DISABILITIES (CPCHILD): DEVELOPMENT & VALIDATION OF AN OUTCOME MEASURE OF HEALTH STATUS AND WELL BEING IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE CEREBRAL PALSY

This study describes the development and initial validation of a new disease-specific outcome measure of health status and burden of care in children with severe cerebral palsy. The instrument, Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities(CPCHILD), has thirty-six items spanning six domains: Personal care/ADLs, Positioning/Mobility, Communication/Social interaction, Comfort/Emotions & Behaviour, Health, Quality of life and additionally Caregiver’s perspective on the Importance of these items to the child’s quality of life. The CPCHILD is a reliable and valid measure of caregivers’ perspectives on the health status, functional limitations, and well-being of children with severe cerebral palsy. Develop and validate a disease-specific measure of health status and well-being of children with severe cerebral palsy. The Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) was constructed from recommendations of caregivers, health care providers, and review of other measures. The CPCHILD has thirty-six items spanning six domains. Items are rated on an ordinal scale. Standardized scores (0–100) are reported for each domain and in total. Primary caregivers(n=77) of children(5–18yrs) with cerebral palsy, categorized by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level completed the CPCHILD. Caregivers of children with severe cerebral palsy(GMFCS-IV & V), also completed the PEDI, the CHQ, and a second administration of the CPCHILD two weeks after the first. The mean CPCHILD scores for children with severe cerebral palsy(GMFCS-V) was fifty-nine (Range:35–93) and did not demonstrate the floor effects of the PEDI and CHQ. The mean CPCHILD scores for children in GMFCS levels I to V were 22.0, 38.2, 23.0, 44.5. 8 and 59.3 respectively (p Children with severe cerebral palsy often undergo interventions to improve quality of life and ease burden of care. The CPCHILD seems to be a reliable and valid measure of caregivers’ perspectives on the health status, functional limitations, and well-being of these children. Further validation in a larger mutli-centred study is planned. Funding: Paediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) research grant award. Bloorview MacMillan Foundation
Orbitally Excited States of Quarkonia in a Nonrelativistic Model

Having succeeded in predicting the S wave spectra and decays of and mesons, Bhaghyesh, K. B. Vijaya Kumar and A. P. Monteiro, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.38, 085001 (2011), in this article, we apply our nonrelativistic quark model to calculate the spectra and decays of the orbitally excited states (P- and D-waves) of heavy quarkonia. The full potential used in our model consists of a Hulthen potential and a confining linear potential. The spin hyperfine, spin-orbit and tensor interactions are introduced to obtain the masses of the P- and D-wave states. The three-dimensional harmonic oscillator wave function is employed as a trial wave function to obtain the mass spectra. The model parameters and the wave function that reproduce the mass spectra of and mesons are used to investigate their decay properties. The two-photon decay widths, two-gluon decay widths and E1 radiative decay widths are calculated. The obtained values are compared with the experimental results and those obtained from other theoretical models.
LOCAL LIE ALGEBRAS

In this article we investigate the structure of local Lie algebras with a one-dimensional fibre. We show that all such Lie algebras are essentially exhausted by the classical examples of the Hamiltonian and contact Poisson bracket algebras. We give some examples, unsolved problems, and applications of Lie superalgebras.
Finding Minimal Conflicting Teacher Sets for Dutch High School Timetabling

The Dutch high school TimeTabling problem (HSTT) consists of scheduling courses in a discrete timeframe such that no conflicts exist for students, teachers, and classrooms. A Minimal Conflicting Teacher (MCT) is a set of teachers for which no conflict-free solution exists, wherein each subset allows for such a solution. Finding MCT sets is non-trivial for this problem, and is currently done by hand through experience. We translate school schedule constraints to a Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form, and check these scheduling problems for satifiability using a SAT Solver. This conversion deliberately removes schedule constraints below a certain threshold, retaining only schedule constraints that are hard demands, and leaving out all other schedule constraints. An algorithm selects sets of teachers for which satifiability must be checked, rapidly exploring the vast number of possible combinations of teachers to find Minimal Conflicting Teacher sets.
Imaging Techniques for Nutritional Assessment

Accurate measurement of body composition between lean and adipose tissue mass and distribution of lipid burden may be important in the care of nutritional problems in patients observed in clinical practice and the measurement of outcomes in clinical research. In this review, we discuss the most accurate imaging methods for use as clinical tools in measurement of body composition and distribution. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a non-invasive technique for assessment of body composition, and the radiation exposure is relatively minimal. However, measurements are influenced by thickness of tissue and lean tissue hydration. Computed tomography (CT) is a gold-standard imaging method for body composition analysis at the tissue-organ level, however the radiation generated by the CT scan is relatively high, thus it should not be considered for a measurement, which can be repeated frequently. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been a useful modality in the assessment of body composition changes in various clinical studies. However, limitations of MRI for assessment of body composition are related to its high cost and technical expertise necessary for analysis. Proper methods for measurement of body composition in specific medical situations like sarcopenia should be evaluated for determination of comparative validity and accuracy, within the context of cost-effectiveness in patient care. In conclusion, an ideal body imaging method would have a significant utility for earlier detection of nutritional risks, while overcoming the limitations of current imaging studies such as DXA, CT, and MRI.
Laser scattering by transcranial rat brain illumination

Due to the great number of applications of Low-Level-Laser-Therapy (LLLT) in Central Nervous System (CNS), the study of light penetration through skull and distribution in the brain becomes extremely important. The aim is to analyze the possibility of precise illumination of deep regions of the rat brain, measure the penetration and distribution of red (λ = 660 nm) and Near Infra-Red (NIR) (λ = 808 nm) diode laser light and compare optical properties of brain structures. The head of the animal (Rattus Novergicus) was epilated and divided by a sagittal cut, 2.3 mm away from mid plane. This section of rat's head was illuminated with red and NIR lasers in points above three anatomical structures: hippocampus, cerebellum and frontal cortex. A high resolution camera, perpendicularly positioned, was used to obtain images of the brain structures. Profiles of scattered intensities in the laser direction were obtained from the images. There is a peak in the scattered light profile corresponding to the skin layer. The bone layer gives rise to a valley in the profile indicating low scattering coefficient, or frontal scattering. Another peak in the region related to the brain is an indication of high scattering coefficient (μs) for this tissue. This work corroborates the use of transcranial LLLT in studies with rats which are subjected to models of CNS diseases. The outcomes of this study point to the possibility of transcranial LLLT in humans for a large number of diseases.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Neonatal Sepsis Pathogens in Neyshabour, Iran

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that is secondary to infection. It is a major cause of neonatal mortality in the world, particularly in developing countries. A definitive diagnosis requires the isolation of pathogens from a normally sterile body site, including blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. Empirical antibiotic therapy is based on the physician’s knowledge of the anticipated bacterial species and their expected antibiotic susceptibilities. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial infections at a neonatal unit. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit and neonatal ward of Hakim hospital, Neyshabour, Iran. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine specimens were collected before institution of empirical antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was studied by the disc diffusion technique. Results: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the most prevalent pathogens isolated from blood specimens in early and late-onset disease. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were the most causative pathogens in early and late-onset urinary tract infections. They had high resistance to our empirical antibiotic regimens. Prevalence of bacterial meningitis was low in our study. Conclusions: Due to the increasing resistance of pathogens to usual empirical antibiotics, it is reasonable to stress upon preventive measures, so that a minimum number of neonates develop sepsis.
Signature of a Quasi 30‐Day Oscillation at Midlatitude Based on Wind Observations From MST Radar and Meteor Radar

Lots of works make contributions to revealing propagation features and excitation mechanisms of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in the tropics; however, there are few reports on ISOs at higher latitudes. By using measurements of mesosphere‐stratosphere‐troposphere radar at Xianghe (39.8°N, 116.5°E) and meteor radar at Beijing (40.3°N, 116.2°E) and reanalysis data for 105 days from 16 November 2013 to 28 February 2014, we study an ISO with about 30‐day period at midlatitude and high latitude. Radar observations indicate that in the troposphere, the oscillation attains an amplitude peak in zonal wind at about 9 km and propagates downward below 9 km. At about 9–16 km, the oscillation gradually decays with height and then strengthens again as it propagates upward in the stratosphere. In the mesosphere, the oscillation obviously appears at 78–86 km with a maximum amplitude at 80 km. Reanalysis data show that in the troposphere, the oscillation propagates southward. At about 100 (~16 km)‐ to 10 (~32 km)‐hPa levels, the oscillation is gradually reflected back to propagate northward, and then propagates poleward at higher altitude. Refractive index can explain its complex propagation characteristics very well. Consistence and coherence of its phase progression indicate that in the lower atmosphere, the oscillation comes from the polar region. Hence, ISOs can not only originate from but also propagate in the atmosphere at mid and high latitudes.
Hydrological Simulation of Taizi River Basin with HSPF Model

With the development of economy and the increase of population, water resources are becoming more and more scarce. The total amount of water resources in the Taizi River Basin of Liaoning Province, China is 5.120 billion m3, and the per capita water resources amount is 845 m3. According to the United Nations standards, it is classified as a water shortage area.In order to better manage and protect water resources, this paper uses Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model to simulate runoff in the Taizi River Basin. The Parameter Estimation (PEST) procedure was used to calibrate the hydrological parameters. The results showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of the calibration period (2009-2011) was 0.78, the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.89; the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of the validation period (2012-2013) was 0.68, and the correlation coefficient was 0.85. It indicates that the HSPF hydrological model has good applicability in the Taizi River basin which will provide useful reference for future modeling research.
THE USE OF AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD IN TEACHING LISTENING COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF SMK YAPIP MAKASSAR SUNGGUMINASA

Listening is one of the four basic skills in learning a foreign language besides listening, reading, and writing. It has been taught since the students entered a junior high school, however, there are some difficulties faced by vocational school students to listen to the recording. After doing observation, some teachers say that they still have difficulties to teach listening to students since students are not able to express what is on their minds because of their lack of actual language. To help the teachers in teaching listening to students, teachers may use an interesting teaching method to present their teaching materials that also help them in creating a fun class. One of the alternative methods is Audio-lingual teaching method. The objectives of the study were to explain the students’ ability to recognize word meaning in the context and to recognize the content of the text. The design of the research used a collaborative classroom action research (CAR). This kind of research was designed by a group which consisted of teacher and researcher from the educational university. The place of this research was in SMK YAPIP MAKASSAR. The samples in this research were the students at the second year of class 2 Akuntansi 1. After conducting the research, the students’ means score showed the improvement in cycle 2. It is concluded that using audio-lingual could help to improve students’ listening comprehension. Keywords : listening comprehension, audio-lingual, recognizing word meaning and the content of the text, classroom action research
Kelvin wave propagation along the southern coasts of Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Islands generated by Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) Phase 3

Kelvin wave propagation along the southern coasts of Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Islands generated by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) phase 3 (April 28 – May 6, 2004) has been studied by using sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) data simulated by a 1/8° global version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), satellite-observed outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data, and zonal wind data. In order to investigate the influences of MJO known as the intraseasonal oscillation (30–90 days), analysis of the data was carried out after 10–100 days band-pass filtering. The analysis results show that the intraseasonal oscillation SSHA along the coasts of Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Islands generally have a spectral peak at 91 days associated with the spectral peak of the MJO, except for Sunda Strait (61 days), southern coast of West Java (55 days), Sawu Sea (58 days), and Ombai Strait (100 days). Further analysis suggests that the MJO phase 3 generates Kelvin waves propagating eastward along the coasts of Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Islands with phase speed ranging from 2.56 to 3.85 m/s.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SANTALUM ALBUM ON DOXORUBICIN INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY IN RATS

Doxorubicin (DOX), the use of (a potent antitumor antibiotic) has been limited due to generation of ROS followed by the development of lifethreatening cardiomyopathy. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of aqueous extract of Santalum album in acute doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. Since it is the part of several unani and ayurvedic formulations used for cardioprotection since long. Thirty male wistar rats used in study were divided in five groups v.i. z. normal control, doxorubicin control, standard control, test sample Dose 1 and Dose 2. The study was carried out up to 31 days and animals were sacrificed on 32 nd day. It was found that doxorubicin treatment increased MDA, LDH, CK-MB levels significantly (P < 0.01), which were decreased by administration of S. album aqueous extract (SAAE) and desferrioxamine, significantly. The level of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum whereas caspase-3 in cardiac tissue were also reversed significantly on administration of SAAE. The histopathological studies showed that administration of S. album attenuated the sign of vacuolization and myocardium structure appears to be restored compared with DOX only group. There is a marked reduction of vacuolization and myocardium appears to be normal in desferrioxamine treated group. Antioxidant effect of SAAE has been shown to decrease doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity.
Mathematical Reconstruction of Eroded Beach Ridges at the Ombrone River Delta

Several remotely sensed images, acquired by different sensors on satellite, airplane, and drone, were used to trace the beach ridges pattern present on the delta of the River Ombrone. A more detailed map of these morphologies, than those present in the literature, was obtained, especially at the delta apex, where beach ridges elevation in minor. Beach ridges crests, highlighted through image enhancement using ENVI 4.5 and a DTM based on LiDAR data, were then processed with ArcGIS 9.3 software. Starting from this map, a method to reconstruct beach ridges segments deleted by the transformations of the territory is proposed in this paper. The best crest-lines fitting functions were calculated through interpolation of their points with Curve Expert software, and further extrapolated to reconstruct the ridges morphology where human activity, riverbed migration, or coastal erosion eliminated them. This allowed to reconstruct the ridges pattern also offshore the present delta apex, where the shoreline retreated approximately 900 m in the last 150 years. Results can be further used to implement conceptual and numerical models of delta evolution.
Modeling HIV: Determining the factors affecting the racial disparity in the prevalence of infected women

We present a mathematical model of the transmission of HIV through sexual contact in a population stratified by sexual behavior and by race/ethnicity. We consider two theories for the disproportionate prevalence of HIV in the population of African American women and Hispanic/Latino women compared with U.S. women of other races/ethnicities. First, we consider that minority women are being adversely affected by incurable STDs due to the non-disclosure of risky homosexual activities of their male sex partners. Second, we consider the effect of sexual network factors, such as the racially homophilic networks through the use of a partnership mixing matrix. Both analytic and numerical results indicate that the effect of the down low population on the disproportionate spread of HIV in women is small compared to the effect of homophilic racial mixing.
Experimental characterization of the impact of unsteady airflows on tracer gas measurement

Natural ventilation induces several issues when trying to measure airflows. Low pressure differences that drive natural airflows are very sensitive. A small pressure drop introduced by an airflow-meter would significantly affect the flow pattern. Furthermore, for window aired buildings or rooms, the implementation of a protocol to characterize the flow through a window is practically hard to implement and often poorly reliable. For these reasons, tracer gas methods are widely used to measure natural airflows. They do not interfere with the flow path, as they do not require any other instruments than concentration sensors. The principle is to inject a tracer gas inside a chamber and to observe the evolution of the concentration of the tracer gas. The knowledge of the emission rate of the gas, as well as its concentration evolution allows describing the airflow. Unfortunately, tracer gas methods are highly sensitive to the measurement noise, which is likely to be significant for concentration sensors. Most used methods, in the literature, use regression techniques to reduce the measurement noise. However, the regression implies steady airflows during the measurement, which should theoretically discard natural airflows. For lack of better methods, these techniques are often used in natural conditions, regardless of the variation of airflows. The present paper experimentally assess the impact of variable airflows on the accuracy of most common tracer gas methods, namely the constant injection and the concentration decay methods. The experiment was implemented in a laboratory cell, taking advantage of a controllable extract fan to simulate natural airflows, while allowing the direct measurement of the airflow in the extract duct. This value provides the reference value for the comparison of tracer gas methods results. Insights are also given, using signal-processing techniques to improve the reliability of tracer gas methods under variable airflows.