Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Influence of Social Media Usage for Academic Purposes Using a Partial Least Squares Approach

Social media applications have been increasingly gaining significant attention from online education and training platforms. Social networking tools provide multiple advantages for communicating, exchanging opinions, and discussing specific issues. Social media also helps to improve the processes of teaching and learning through sharing educational programs. In this study, we used a quantitative research technique based on the partial least-squares (PLS) linear regression method to determine the influence of using social media as an online discussion and communication platform for academic purposes by assessing the relationships among the skills obtained through social media, the usage of social media, and the purpose of social media. A total of 200 students participated in this study (88% female and 12% males), and a purposive sampling technique was used to select a suitable population for the study. The results show that 61.5% of the participants use the web daily for more than five hours, mainly for social communication (meaningful dialog and discussion skills) and entertainment. The students agreed that social media develops their creative thinking, but it has no positive impact on their academic performance.
Sign-Singularity Analysis of Field-Aligned Currents in the Ionosphere

Field-aligned currents (FACs) flowing in the auroral ionosphere are a complex system of upward and downward currents, which play a fundamental role in the magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling and in the ionospheric heating. Here, using data from the ESA-Swarm multi-satellite mission, we studied the complex structure of FACs by investigating sign-singularity scaling features for two different conditions of a high-latitude substorm activity level as monitored by the AE index. The results clearly showed the sign-singular character of FACs supporting the complex and filamentary nature of these currents. Furthermore, we found evidence of the occurrence of a topological change of these current systems, which was accompanied by a change of the scaling features at spatial scales larger than 30 km. This change was interpreted in terms of a sort of symmetry-breaking phenomenon due to a dynamical topological transition of the FAC structure as a consequence of FACs and substorm current wedge intensification during substorms.
An improved Hausdorff distance method for locating single phase to ground fault in neutral non‐effectively grounded system

Neutral non-effectively grounded mode is widely used in medium-voltage distribution networks in China. When a single-phase grounding fault occurs in distribution networks, abundant transient signals will be generated. Here, a fault location method based on improved Hausdorff distance is proposed with transient zero-sequence current and transient zero-sequence voltage of bus. First, according to the impedance characteristic analysis of the zero-sequence network, the selected frequency band (SFB) is determined, and the transient signals in the SFB are extracted by the digital ﬁlter. Second, the projection components of transient zero-sequence currents at each monitoring point of faulty feeder are obtained by the principle of orthogonalization. Finally, the projection component values of each section are calculated by the improved Hausdorff distance, and the maximum value is selected. If the maximum value is much larger than the sum of the values of other sections excluding the maximum value, the section where the maximum value is located is judged as a faulty section, otherwise, the downstream section of the last monitoring point is determined as the faulty section. Matlab/Simulink simulation shows that the proposed method can locate accurately under different fault conditions.
IPD-inspired framework for measuring stakeholder integration in public-private partnerships

Purpose In a public-private partnership (PPP), the private sector is represented by a company termed the special purpose vehicle (SPV), which combines different stakeholders including designers, contractors and service providers under one umbrella. Correct SPV team selection is critical to ensure PPP success as the SPV must act as an integrated entity. In fact, unless the SPV takes an active role in developing trust and promoting integration principles, segmentation of interests, highly adversarial atmospheres, loss of value and economic inefficiency will prevail. Absence of awareness of such principles among stakeholders and the scarcity of literature investigating SPV stakeholder integration create great risks that jeopardize project success. Accordingly, to mitigate the aforementioned risks and provide stakeholders with both the knowledge and the tools to instigate and maintain integration, this paper aims to develop and test a framework to measure SPV stakeholder integration, inspired by the correlation between integrated project delivery (IPD) and SPV operations. Design/methodology/approach Following a design science research approach, a structured review is conducted to develop the SPV integration metrics and framework. The framework is then validated through face validation by a panel of industry and academic experts to assess its applicability in measuring SPV integration. Finally, the framework is tested on a well-recognized international PPP project to measure the SPV integration level, and the outcomes are discussed and analyzed. Findings The framework was able to assess the integration level of the studied SPV highlighting several areas of low-integration settings and providing guidance for achieving better integration. Originality/value This research is the first that develops a model to investigate the SPV’s integration level, from a holistic IPD perspective, to enable successful relationship management and enhance collaboration success. This study inspires practical recommendations for PPP practitioners to reduce the risks of segregated SPVs and their contribution to PPP failure.
A.I. in Religion, A.I. for Religion, A.I. and Religion: Towards a Theory of Religious Studies and Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence is increasingly used in a variety of fields and disciplines. Its promise is often seen in a variety of tasks, from playing games to driving cars. In this article, I will sketch a theory that opens the door to the use of artificial intelligence in the study of religion. Focusing on the work of Jonathan Z. Smith, I will show that if, following Smith, the study of religion is considered primarily an act of classification, it can be aided by narrow artificial intelligence that excels at classification and prediction. Then, using a web A.I. called EMMA to classify the New Testament texts as Pauline or non-Pauline as a toy example, I will explore the issues that occur in the application of A.I. Finally, I will turn to Bruno Latour and actor–network theory as a way to theorize the larger issues brought up by the productive use of artificial intelligence in the study of religion
Corporate Bankruptcy and Directors’ Reputation: An Empirical Analysis of the Effects on Public Debt Contracts

This article investigates the link between board members’ past professional experiences and the terms and conditions of the debt contracts of their current firms. In particular, we examine whether directors’ past bankruptcy experience affects the pricing and nonpricing terms of public debt contracts. Using a sample of 8,142 bond issues in the United States in the period 1995 to 2015, we document higher credit spreads and smaller bond sizes for firms with such directors, suggesting that bondholders are concerned about past bankruptcy experience. Our results remain robust to different model specifications. This effect is moderated for bankruptcies that are likely driven by macroeconomic shocks such as the dotcom bubble and the global financial crisis. We also show that our findings are not explained by bond issuers with an elevated risk of default and seem instead to be driven by directors serving on key monitoring committees, indicating that prior bankruptcy experience raises concerns about the company’s corporate governance. Finally, mediation analysis offers some evidence of a limited negative indirect effect of prior bankruptcy experience on the terms of debt contracts through the firm’s financial and investment policies. Overall, our findings suggest that lenders incorporate information about past professional experiences of directors into public debt contracting.
Macro-Policy Goals in the Postwar Period: Comment

In a recent article in this Journal,' Ann Friedlaender reverses the normative structure of Henri Theil's theory of optimal government policy making2 in an attempt to reveal empirically the macro-policy preferences of the Eisenhower and Kennedy-Johnson administrations. Because the results are "postulated on a correct identification of the government's welfare function, constrained by a correct model of the economy, and a correct perception of the correct model," 3 she stresses the tentative nature of the conclusions. Nevertheless, the method appears promising, in part because the conclusions corroborate and quantify the presumption "that the Kennedy-Johnson administration placed relatively more weight on full employment and the trade balance than did the Eisenhower administration. " 4 A more surprising and, in our opinion, unfounded conclusion is that the "analysis . suggest [s] that [the government's] decisionmaking period does not exceed one quarter (although its time horizon is probably longer than one quarter). " 5 In this note we show that the methodology upon which Friedlaender bases her rejection of the dynamic (two-quarter) welfare function in favor of a static (one-quarter) function is incorrect and that this rejection, in the context of her estimation procedure, leads to unreliable preference function parameter estimates. In order to demonstrate the methodological error involved in Friedlaender's rejection of the multiperiod horizon, we must examine the more detailed study,6 referred to by the author in note 5,7 in which she presents the evidence for her conclusions. The empirical basis for her choice of horizon are two sets of time series regressions derived from the Theil framework.
Aggregation Bias in Estimating Log‐Log Demand Function

In this study, we consider the problem of estimating demand functions using historical sales data. In particular, we study how using aggregate data may result in bias in such estimations. We consider a log‐log demand model, and two ways of how the price in the aggregate data is calculated, simple average price or weighted average price. We study whether there exists estimation bias in each of the two cases as well as the direction of the bias. We show that in general, the correlation between “average price” and “price dispersion” in each time period has an effect on the direction of the bias. We then propose ways to reduce the aggregation bias. We prove that when the price processes satisfy certain mild conditions, our debiasing procedure can recover the true parameters asymptotically. We also obtain statistical properties of the debiased parameters. We perform numerical experiments on both synthetic and real data to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. The numerical results show that our proposed bias mitigation approach has the potential of effectively reducing the bias in both synthetic and practical settings.
Wavelet and cross correlation analysis on some climatology parameters of Nepal

105 Wavelet and cross correlation analysis on some climatology parameters of Nepal Babu Ram Tiwari1*, Jiyao Xu1, Binod Adhikari2, Narayan P. Chapagain3 1State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China100190 2Department of Physics, St. Xavier’s College, Maitighar , Kathmandu, Nepal 3Department of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Email: tiwari.baburam@gmail.com
Ethnobotany and phytochemical analysis of Jatropha Tanjorensis in Mubi Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study was focused on the ethanobotanical survey, phytochemical and proximate analysis of Jatropha tanjorensis in Mubi. The ethnobotanical survey was carried out in some selected parts of both Mubi North and South local government area through oral interview using traditional medicine practioners and some householders as the interviewee. After air drying, pulverizing and extracting the bioactive constituents of the leaf using ethanol and water as solvents, the phytochemical and proximate analysis were carried out using a standard procedures. The ethnobotanical survey showed that, J. tanjorensis were used in the study area as a remedy to diseases such as: measles, scabies, malaria, high blood pressure, stomach ache, diabetes mellitus, eczema and anaemia with 74 % of the interviewee mentioning leaves as part mostly used. The qualitative phytochemical screening indicated the presence of compounds, namely: tannins, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides and anthraquinones in both the ethanoic and aqueous leaf extracts except terpenoids which was not detected in the ethanolic extract. The quantitative analysis showed glycosides (4.12 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (3.45 mg/100 g) as the highest compound in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts respectively. Carbohydrate was shown to be the highest proximate constituent with 52.38 % and fat the least with 1.76 %. Therefore, J. tanjorensis is rich in bioactive constituents and the leaves are mostly the plant part used as a remedy to illnesses such measles, scabies, malaria, high blood pressure, stomach ache, diabetes mellitus, eczema and anaemia.
Homeownership for All: An American Narrative

The narrative of homeownership for all citizens is a uniquely American story. Narrative economics is a field that studies the spread of stories to explain economic fluctuations. We quantitatively examine the relationship between the American housing narrative and the run-up in home prices experienced since the Great Recession in the United States. We rely on a natural language processing (NLP) framework to measure the sentiment associated with the narrative. We then use a panel vector autoregression to empirically model the relationship between home prices and homeownership sentiment in the United States. We find that sentiment related to the American homeownership narrative is an important factor in explaining movements in home prices even after taking into account the economic factors typically thought to explain home price fluctuations. Though others have examined the role of sentiment in markets, our study is the first to empirically measure the American homeownership narrative. While this is a narrative promoted at the national level, future research might examine whether sentiment related to homeownership varies across this diverse nation.
Substrate‐insensitive microstrip monopolar antenna

A substrate‐insensitive microstrip monopolar antenna is proposed and analyzed. The measured operational bandwidth of this antenna is 12% and this antenna has typical monopolar omnidirectional radiation patterns in the operational band. By using the hollow configuration, the efficiency and maximum gain of this antenna change little with the loss tangent of used substrates and can respectively reach 95% and 8.1 dBi when all used substrates are FR4. The proposed configuration provides a possibility to make antenna performance free from the long‐lasting dependence on substrate's quality.
Evaluation and Prediction of the Impacts of Land Cover Changes on Hydrological Processes in Data Constrained Southern Slopes of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

This study provides a detailed assessment of land cover (LC) changes on the water balance components on data constrained Kikafu-Weruweru-Karanga (KWK) watershed, using the integrated approaches of hydrologic modeling and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was validated and used to simulate hydrologic responses of water balance components response to changes in LC in spatial and temporal scale. PLSR was further used to assess the influence of individual LC classes on hydrologic components. PLSR results revealed that expansion in cultivation land and built-up area are the main attributes in the changes in water yield, surface runoff, evapotranspiration (ET), and groundwater flow. The study findings suggest that improving the vegetation cover on the hillside and abandoned land area could help to reduce the direct surface runoff in the KWK watershed, thus, reducing flooding recurring in the area, and that with the ongoing expansion in agricultural land and built-up areas, there will be profound negative impacts in the water balance of the watershed in the near future (2030). This study provides a forecast of the future hydrological parameters in the study area based on changes in land cover if the current land cover changes go unattended. This study provides useful information for the advancement of our policies and practices essential for sustainable water management planning.
A Novel Balanced Frequency Tripler With Improved Power Capacity for Submillimeter-Wave Application

This letter reports on the demonstration of a 204–232-GHz Schottky diode frequency tripler based on the novel balanced configuration, which provides superior power handling to traditional approaches. This tripler adopts a novel balanced configuration, which utilizes a symmetrical circuit to achieve the improved amplitude and phase balance, as well as dc bias without any on-chip capacitor. Thus, this tripler features improved power capacity by multiple diodes and better conversion efficiency. At room temperature, the fabricated tripler exhibits a 22.1% peak conversion efficiency for a nominal input power of around 300–560 mW. This tripler can deliver maximum power of 84.5 mW and 16.2% conversion efficiency for 521-mW input power at 226.8 GHz.
Background and language of the Narum community in Marudi, Sarawak

The Narum community is located in Marudi, Sarawak and belongs to a minority language community that is heading towards language extinction. In terms of language cognate, there are similarities between the language of the Narum community and the Kenyah community. However, the number of speakers of this language is declining and the number who can master the Narum language well, especially the younger generation is very limited. This puts the language of this minority community in a threatened position. This is a preliminary study aimed to introduce this language community. Data collection was gathered to document the linguistic and cultural situation practised in this language community. In this study, qualitative methods were applied. The data was collected by interviews to obtain data directly from this language community. The findings of this study describe the linguistic and cultural situation of the Narum language community. The attitude of the native speakers who do not pay much attention to their heritage has become one of the causes of the language of this community is increasingly threatened, in fact, this community is also increasingly unknown for their existence. In addition, intermarriage also contributes to the loss of the language of the Narum community and will also destroy the identity of this community. Indeed, it would be a huge loss if this minority community became extinct. Therefore, immediate action needs to be taken to save and preserve it. It not only needs to be immediately recorded and documented, but more importantly, these language communities need to use and know their history and language actively in order to preserve and revitalize their language and cultural heritage for future generations. Keywords: Ethnic group, language community, language extinction, minority group, Narum language, Swadesh list
Authoritarian exclusion and laissez‐faire inclusion: Comparing the punishment of men convicted of sex offenses in England & Wales and Norway*

Comparative penologists have described neoliberal and social democratic jurisdictions as though they exist at opposite ends of a continuum of inclusion and exclusion, and as though neoliberal states are inactive and social democratic states are invasive. This article, which is based on more than 129 interviews with men convicted of sex offenses in England & Wales and
Social Work Answers the (Video) Call: Tele-Behavioral Health Use During COVID-19

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted access to and the delivery of behavioral health services for social work providers and their clients. This study examined the use of tele-behavioral health by social workers before and during the pandemic, as well as the perceived barriers and supports to technology use. Method: We developed an electronic survey, which was distributed to a convenience sample of practicing social work professionals in the United States through a national listserv. A mixed-methods study design was used to analyze responses (N = 585). Results: Over 92% of social workers reported using tele-behavioral health since the beginning of the pandemic, compared to 28% prior. About half of respondents received training on tele-behavioral health since COVID-19, whereas only 23% had received training prior. The vast majority (87%) indicated one or more barriers to the use of tele-behavioral health, with client barriers (73%) being the area of greatest concern. Yet, social workers overwhelmingly reported the desire for tele-behavioral health to continue beyond the pandemic. Conclusions: Based on our findings, we propose the following recommendations: (a) Ensure parity and reimbursement for tele-behavioral health; (b) train current and future social work practitioners in tele-behavioral health; and (c) provide supports for client use of tele-behavioral health.
Vibration and Noise Analysis of Flux-Modulation Double Stator Electrical-Excitation Synchronous Machine

This paper studies the vibration and noise analysis of flux-modulation double-stator electrical-excitation synchronous machine (FM-DSEESM) in both no-load mode and on-load mode by using the mode superposition method. First, the theoretical excitations of vibration and noise, namely the radial electromagnetic force harmonics, are deduced and classified by their sources. Second, the finite element analyses (FEA) of these radial electromagnetic force harmonics are analyzed via Fourier decomposition and compared to their theoretical results for validation. Third, to perform the vibration and noise analysis, the modal test is conducted, and the modal FEA model is established based on the tested modal results. Also, the radial electromagnetic forces are coupled with the modal FEA model to conduct the vibration and noise analysis, and the responses of sound power levels in A-weighting are calculated. By using the modal participating factors, the main contributing modes are determined in the vibration and noise responses.
Low-Complexity Training for Binary Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Clipping-Aware Weight Update

SUMMARY This letter presents an e ﬃ cient technique to reduce the computational complexity involved in training binary convolutional neural networks (BCNN). The BCNN training shall be conducted focusing on the optimization of the sign of each weight element rather than the exact value itself in convention; in which, the sign of an element is not likely to be ﬂipped anymore after it has been updated to have such a large magnitude to be clipped out. The proposed technique does not update such elements that have been clipped out and eliminates the computations involved in their optimization accordingly. The complexity reduction by the proposed technique is as high as 25 : 52% in training the BCNN model for the CIFAR-10 classiﬁcation task, while the accuracy is maintained without severe degradation.