Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expounding on physics: a phenomenographic study of physicists talking of their physics

Physicists and physics students have been studied with respect to the variation in the ways they expound on their topic of research and a physics problem, respectively. A phenomenographic approach has been employed; six fourth‐year physics students and 10 teacher‐researcher physicists at various stages of their careers have been interviewed. Four qualitatively distinct ways of expounding on physics have been identified, constituting an outcome space where there is a successive shift towards coherent structure and multiple referent domains. The interviewed person is characterized as expressing an ‘object of knowledge’, and the interviewer is characterized as a willing and active listener who is trying to make sense of it, constituting a ‘knowledge object’ out of the ideas expressed and personal experience. Pedagogical situations of analogous character to the interviewer–interviewee discussions are considered in the light of the analysis, focusing on the affordances for learning offered by the different forms of exposition.
THE IMPORTANCE OF NEUTRAL CLASS IN SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF ARABIC TWEETS

Product reviews are becoming increasingly useful. In this paper, Twitter has been chosen as a platform for opinion mining in trading strategy with Mubasher products, which is a leading stock analysis software provider in the Gulf region. This experiment proposes a model for sentiment analysis of Saudi Arabic (standard and Arabian Gulf dialect) tweets to extract feedback from Mubasher products. A hybrid of natural language processing and machine learning approaches on building models are used to classify tweets according to their sentiment polarity into one of the classes positive, negative and neutral. In addition, Regarding to the comparison between SVM and Bayesian method, we have split the data into two independents subsets form different periods and the experiments were carried out for each subsets respectively in order to distinction between positive and negative examples by using neutral training examples in learning facilitates. Similar result has been given.
Dual-concentric-core all-solid photonic bandgap fiber with large dispersion

We propose a novel design of dual-concentric-core all-solid photonic bandgap fiber (DCC-AS-PBGF). It is designed by introducing a ring of bigger high-index rods, a new defect, in the cladding of a conventional all-solid PBGF. Using plane wave expansion method (PWEM) and full-vector finite-element method (FEM), we study the effect of introducing such a ring of bigger high-index rods. The numerical results show that large dispersion is gained around the wavelength where the modes in the new defect couple with the modes in the core. More importantly, the confinement loss of the LP01 modes around the wavelengths, where large dispersion is induced, could be decreased by increasing the rings of high-index rods for the fact that these waveband are within the bandgap.
Vision-Based Intersection Monitoring: Behavior Analysis & Safety Issues

The main objective of my dissertation is to provide a vision-based system to automatically understands traffic patterns and analyze intersections. The system leverages the existing traffic cameras to provide safety and behavior analysis of intersection participants including behavior and safety. The first step is to provide a robust detection and tracking system for vehicles and pedestrians of intersection videos. The appearance and motion based detectors are evaluated on test videos and public available datasets are prepared and evaluated. The contextual fusion method is proposed for detecting pedestrians and motion-based technique is proposed for vehicles based on evaluation results. The detections are feed to the tracking system which uses the mutual cooperation of bipartite graph and enhance optical flow. The enhanced optical flow tracker handles the partial occlusion problem, and it cooperates with the detection module to provide long-term tracks of vehicles and pedestrians. The system evaluation shows 13% and 43% improvement in tracking of vehicles and pedestrians respectively when both participants are addressed by the proposed framework. Finally, trajectories are assessed to provide a comprehensive analysis of safety and behavior of intersection participants including vehicles and pedestrians. Different important applications are addressed such as turning movement count, pedestrians crossing count, turning speed, waiting time, queue length, and surrogate safety measurements. The contribution of the proposed methods are shown through the comparison with ground truths for each mentioned application, and finally heat-maps show benefits of using the proposed system through the visual depiction of intersection usage.
PHYSICAL FEATURES BASED SPEECH EMOTION RECOGNITION USING PREDICTIVE CLASSIFICATION

In the era of data explosion, speech emotion plays crucial commercial significance. Emotion recognition in speech encompasses a gamut of techniques starting from mechanical recording of audio signal to complex modeling of extracted patterns. Most challenging part of this research purview is to classify the emotion of the speech purely based on the physical characteristics of the audio signal independent of language of speech. This paper focuses on the predictive modeling of audio speech data based on most viable feature set extraction and deployment of these features to predict the emotion of unknown speech data. We have used two most widely used classifiers, a variant of CART and Naive Bayes, to model the dynamics of interplay of crucial features like Root Mean Square (RMS), Zero Cross Rate (ZCR), Pitch and Brightness of audio signal to determine the emotion of speech. In order to carry out comparative analysis of the proposed classifiers, a set of experiments on real speech data is conducted. Results clearly indicate that decision tree based classifier works well on accuracy whereas Naive Bayes works fairly well on generality.
Adaptive Dynamic Programming For Control Algorithms And Stability

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2MASS Extended Source Catalog: Overview and Algorithms

The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) will observe over 1,000,000 galaxies and extended Galactic sources covering the entire sky at wavelengths between 1 and 2 μm. Most of these galaxies will be newly cataloged objects. The survey catalog will have both high completeness and reliability down to J = 15.0 mag and Ks = 13.5 mag, equivalent to 1.6 and 2.9 mJy, respectively. Galaxies as small as 10″ are resolved, and those as large as ∼2. ′5 are fully imaged. 2MASS will discover galaxies never seen before in the "zone of avoidance" caused by the obscuring effects of Galactic dust and gas, limited only by the extreme number of stars at very low Galactic latitude, especially toward the Galactic center. This paper describes the basic algorithms used to detect and characterize extended sources in the 2MASS database and catalog. Critical procedures include tracking the point-spread function, image background removal, artifact removal, photometry and basic parameterization, star-galaxy discrimination, and object classification using a decision tree technique. We introduce and provide examples of the types of extended sources that 2MASS detects across the sky, including galaxies, Galactic nebulae and resolved stellar objects, multiple stars and clusters, and, finally, artifacts arising from bright stars and transient events. A future paper will provide a full statistical analysis and verification of the completeness, reliability, and integrity of the first release catalog, as well as some of the basic scientific results of the catalog, including galaxy colors, number counts, and redshift distribution.
Survey on Video - On - Demand Broadcasting Protocols

This survey is an analysis about different Video-On-Demand protocols. They have been classified depending on the mode of service that they have. After analysing them, the most popular two developed systems have been explained: Youtube and CNN Pipeline. Video-On-Demand is a service that enables users to select a video (or a movie) from a large collection while sitting at home and permits to have almost as a good a control over the viewing of the video as when using a conventional VCR.
The Prediction Model of Dynamic Road Running Time Based on FCE

Based on the complexity and uncertainty of city traffic net,the author presents a prediction model of dynamic travel time on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.Firstly the prediction model of total travel time,running time and traffic delaying time are introduced in this paper.Secondly the author practically predicts a battery of road and traffic information with this model,compares and analyses the prediction result.Not only the algorithm of this model is precise and practical,but also the result of the prediction is of high precision.
The resolved stellar populations around 12 Type IIP supernovae

Core-collapse supernovae are found in regions associated with recent massive star formation. The stellar population observed around the location of a SN can be used as a probe of the origins of the progenitor star. We apply a Bayesian mixture model to fit isochrones to the massive star population around twelve Type IIP SNe, for which constraints on the progenitors are also available from fortuitous pre-explosion images. Using the high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3, we study the massive star population found within 100pc of each our target SNe. For most of the SNe in our sample, we find that there are multiple age components in the surrounding stellar populations. In the cases of SNe~2003gd and 2005cs, we find that the progenitor does not come from the youngest stellar population component and, in fact, these relatively low mass progenitors ($\sim 8M_{\odot}$) are found in close proximity to stars as massive as $15$ and $50-60M_{\odot}$, respectively. Overall, the field extinction (Galactic and host) derived for these populations is $\sim 0.3\,\mathrm{mags}$ higher than the extinction that was generally applied in previously reported progenitor analyses. We also find evidence, in particular for SN~2004dj, for significant levels of differential extinction. Our analysis for SN~2008bk suggests a significantly lower extinction for the population than the progenitor, but the lifetime of the population and mass determined from pre-explosion images agree. Overall, assuming that the appropriate age component can be suitably identified from the multiple stellar population components present, we find that our Bayesian approach to studying resolved stellar populations can match progenitor masses determined from direct imaging to within $\pm 3M_{\odot}$.
Field spheroid-dominated galaxies in a Λ-CDM Universe

Context. Understanding the formation and evolution of early-type, spheroid-dominated galaxies is an open question within the context of the hierarchical clustering scenario, particularly in low-density environments. Aims. Our goal is to study the main structural, dynamical, and stellar population properties and assembly histories of field spheroid-dominated galaxies formed in a Λ-cold dark matter (Λ-CDM) scenario to assess to what extent they are consistent with observations. Methods. We selected spheroid-dominated systems from a Λ-CDM simulation that includes star formation (SF), chemical evolution, and supernova feedback. The sample is made up of 18 field systems with MStar ≲ 6 × 1010M⊙ that are dominated by the spheroid component. For this sample we estimated the fundamental relations of ellipticals and compared them with current observations. Results. The simulated spheroid galaxies have sizes that are in good agreement with observations. The bulges follow a Sersic law with Sersic indexes that correlate with the bulge-to-total mass ratios. The structural-dynamical properties of the simulated galaxies are consistent with observed Faber–Jackson, fundamental plane, and Tully–Fisher relations. However, the simulated galaxies are bluer and with higher star formation rates (SFRs) than the observed isolated early-type galaxies. The archaeological mass growth histories show a slightly delayed formation and more prominent inside-out growth mode than observational inferences based on the fossil record method. Conclusions. The main structural and dynamical properties of the simulated spheroid-dominated galaxies are consistent with observations. This is remarkable since our simulation has not been calibrated to match them. However, the simulated galaxies are blue and star-forming, and with later stellar mass growth histories compared to observational inferences. This is mainly due to the persistence of extended discs in the simulations. The need for more efficient quenching mechanisms able to avoid further disc growth and SF is required in order to reproduce current observational trends.
SUPERSYMMETRIC GAUGE THEORIES : MODULI MATRIX APPROACH

We review our recent works on solitons in U(NC) gauge theories with NF(≥ NC) Higgs fields in the fundamental representation, which possess eight supercharges. The moduli matrix is proposed as a crucial tool to exhaust all BPS solutions, and to characterize all possible moduli parameters. Since vacua are in the Higgs phase, we find domain walls (kinks) and vortices as the only elementary solitons. Stable monopoles and instantons can exist as composite solitons with vortices attached. Webs of walls are also found as another composite soliton. The moduli space of all these elementary as well as composite solitons are found in terms of the moduli matrix. The total moduli space of walls is given by the complex Grassmann manifold SU(NF)/[SU(NC) × SU(NF − NC) × U(1)] and is decomposed into various topological sectors corresponding to boundary conditions specified by particular vacua. We found charges characterizing composite solitons contribute negatively (either positively or negatively) in Abelian (non-Abelian) gauge theories. Effective Lagrangians are constructed on walls and vortices in a compact form. The power of the moduli matrix is illustrated by an interaction rule of monopoles, vortices, and walls, which is difficult to obtain in other methods. More thorough description of the moduli matrix approach can be found in our review article (hep-th/0602170).
A multimodal self-organizing network for sensory integration of letters and phonemes

Integration of signals from sensory receptors of different modalities is known to enhance perception. Integration takes place in bimodal and multimodal association areas of neocortex and results in robust bimodal or multimodal percepts as well as in feedback mediated enhanced unimodal perception. A Multimodal Self-Organizing Network, MuSON, is presented as a tool for simulating sensory integration. The latest version of this MuSON, that is described in the current paper, also takes the degree of recognition of stimuli in the various maps of the network into account. Simulation results show the same characteristics as corresponding results from psychology and neuroscience.
Web3D Technology and Its Applications in the Teaching Instruction of Engineering Graphics

Using multimedia technology to make courseware is very important in developing remote instruction system of engineering graphics.In order to meet the functions of having web performance,3-dimentional models and interactive characteristics for the courseware,it is necessary to research and apply the advanced techniques and tools.The basic concepts,required techniques and typical developing tools are studied in this paper.The applications of Web3D techniques,such as VRML,JAVA and Cult3D,are explicated by examples.
Zodiacal Light Beyond Earth Orbit Observed with Pioneer 10

We reanalyze the Imaging Photopolarimeter data from Pioneer 10 to study the zodiacal light in the B and R bands beyond Earth orbit, applying an improved method to subtract integrated star light (ISL) and diffuse Galactic light (DGL). We found that there exists a significant instrumental offset, making it difficult to examine the absolute sky brightness. Instead, we analyzed the differential brightness, i.e., the difference in sky brightness from the average at high ecliptic latitude, and compared with that expected from the model zodiacal light. At a heliocentric distance of r < 2 au, we found a fairly good correlation between the J-band model zodiacal light and the residual sky brightness after subtracting the ISL and DGL. The reflectances of the interplanetary dust derived from the correlation study are marginally consistent with previous works. The zodiacal light is not significantly detectable at r > 3 au, as previously reported. However, a clear discrepancy from the model is found at r = 2.94 au which indicates the existence of a local dust cloud produced by the collision of asteroids or dust trail from active asteroids (or main-belt comets). Our result confirms that the main component of the zodiacal light (smooth cloud) is consistent with the model even beyond the earth orbit, which justifies the detection of the extragalactic background light after subtracting the zodiacal light based on the model.
Crumbs: a virtual environment tracking tool for biological imaging

The authors discuss the use of volume rendering techniques in a virtual reality environment for the visualization of volumetric data and tracking of fiber structures. Their application, called Crumbs, combines advantages from volume visualization and immersive environments in order to make the visualization and identification of complex biological structures easier. The authors present example applications from magnetic resonance imaging, electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy.
Analytic solution of the domain-wall nonequilibrium stationary state

We consider the out-of-equilibrium dynamics generated by joining two domains with arbitrary opposite magnetizations. We study the stationary state which emerges by the unitary evolution via the spin-1/2 XXZ Hamiltonian, in the gapless regime, where the system develops a stationary spin current. Using the generalized hydrodynamic approach, we present a simple formula for the space-time profile of the spin current and the magnetization exact in the limit of long times. As a remarkable effect, we show that the stationary state has a strongly discontinuous dependence on the strength of interaction as confirmed by the exact analytic expression of the Drude weight that we compute. These features allow us to give a qualitative estimation for the transient behavior of the current which is in good agreement with numerical simulations. Moreover, we analyze the behavior around the edge of the magnetization profile, and we argue that, unlike the XX free-fermionic point, interactions always prevent the emergence of a Tracy-Widom scaling.
Many-body spin Hall effect with space-inversion symmetry

In contrast to the ordinary spin Hall effect (SHE), which is a single-body phenomenon caused by the spin-orbit interaction (SOI), we propose a many-body SHE induced by the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) between particles and demonstrate it in a system of ultracold magnetic atoms. While the SOI usually requires the breaking of space-inversion symmetry, the DDI preserves it. The many-body SHE can, in principle, be observed in a wide range of systems with large dipole moments and offers a powerful tool to generate spin currents, an essential ingredient in spintronics and atomtronics.
An Efficient Mining Algorithm of Temporal Association Rules

Temporal association rules mining(TARM) is widely applied in many applications,it aims at mining rules within a certain interval of time.Most of the exiting algorithms for TARM need to scan several times of the database,or do not consider the different exhibition period of an individual item,so the efficiency of these algorithms are not enough.In this paper,we present a novel approach to investigating TARM,the proposed algorithm works in an incremental way which takes the different exhibition period of individual item into account,in order to reduce the cost of storage,and only the frequent 1-item is stored,and efficient pruning techniques are adopted to reduce the scan times of the database,and it only needs at most one time to scan the whole data set to obtain all the temporal association rules.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient.
Teaching Primary English

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Joint power and spectrum allocation algorithm in cognitive radio networks

The spectrum sharing problem between primary and cognitive users is mainly investigated. Since the interference for primary users and the total power for cognitive users are con- strained, based on the well-known water-filling theorem, a novel one-user water-filling algorithm is proposed, and then the corre- sponding simulation results are given to analyze the feasibility and validity. After that this algorithm is used to solve the communica- tion utility optimization problem subject to the power constraints in cognitive radio network. First, through the gain to noise ratio for cognitive users, a subcarrier and power allocation algorithm based on the optimal frequency partition is proposed for two cognitive users. Then the spectrum sharing algorithm is extended to multi- user conditions such that the greedy and parallel algorithms are proposed for spectrum sharing. Theory and simulation analysis show that the subcarrier and power allocation algorithms can not only protect the primary users but also effectively solve the spec- trum and power allocation problem for cognitive users.
Mass modelling of superthin galaxies: IC5249, UGC7321 and IC2233

Superthin galaxies are low surface brightness disc galaxies, characterised by optical discs with strikingly high values of planar-to-vertical axes ratios ($>$ 10), the physical origin and evolution of which continue to be a puzzle. We present mass models for three superthin galaxies: IC5249, UGC7321 and IC2233. We use high resolution rotation curves and gas surface density distributions obtained from HI 21 cm radio-synthesis observations, in combination with their two-dimensional structural surface brightness decompositions at Spitzer 3.6 $\mu$m band, all of which were available in the literature. We find that while models with the pseudo-isothermal (PIS) and the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) dark matter density profiles fit the observed rotation curves of IC5249 and UGC7321 equally well, those with the NFW profile does not comply with the slowly-rising rotation curve of IC2233. Interestingly, for all of our sample galaxies, the best-fitting mass models with a PIS dark matter density profile indicate a {\it compact} dark matter halo i.e., $R_c/R_D$ $<$ 2 where $R_c$ is the core radius of the PIS dark matter halo, and $R_D$ is the radial scale-length of the exponential stellar disc. The compact dark matter halo may be fundamentally responsible for the superthin nature of the stellar disc, and therefore our results may have important implications for the formation and evolution models of superthin galaxies in the universe.