Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secretome analysis of virulent Pyrenophora teres f. teres isolates

Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) causes net form net blotch disease of barley, partially by producing necrosis‐inducing proteins. The protein profiles of the culture filtrates of 28 virulent isolates were compared by a combination of 2DE and 1D‐PAGE with 105 spots and 51 bands chosen for analysis by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 259 individual proteins were identified with 63 of these proteins being common to the selected virulent isolates. Ptt secretes a broad spectrum of proteins including cell wall degrading enzymes; virulence factors and effectors; proteins associated with fungal pathogenesis and development; and proteins related to oxidation–reduction processes. Potential virulence factors and effectors identified included proteins with glucosidase activity, ricin B and concanavalin A‐like lectins, glucanases, spherulin, cutinase, pectin lyase, leucine‐rich repeat protein, and ceratoplatanin. Small proteins with unknown function but cysteine‐rich, common to effectors, were also identified. Differences in the secretion profile of the Ptt isolates have also provided important insight into the different mechanisms contributing to virulence and the development of net form net blotch symptoms.
Observer-based automatic control loop tuning for servo motor drives

Accurate servo drive tuning requires motor electrical and mechanical parameters such as torque constant, moment of inertia, and frictional torque coefficient. In this paper, an observer-based auto-tuning scheme for servo motor drives is presented. The main element in this scheme is a state estimator which generates a motor parameter-related disturbance torque. Following the disturbance estimator, two adaptive controllers are used to adjust the drive inertia and frictional torque to their correct values. The servo control loops are tuned automatically with the parameters identified. Motor torque constant is also identified and used in the disturbance estimator. The experimental results verified that the proposed scheme can accurately identify motor parameters and tune the servo control loops.
Evidence fusion methods based on the pretreatment model

Dempster's combination rule is the most popular rule of combinations, but it is a poor solution for the management of the conflict between various information sources at the normalization step. Even when it faces high conflict information, the classical Dempster-Shafer theory can involve counter-intuitive results. To solve this problem, this paper combines fuzzy theory to put forward new improved methods of pretreatment mode based on the summary of existing conflict evidences fusion methods. Firstly, the evidence's conflicting probability is distributed by methods of pretreatment mode which can change high conflict evidences into low conflict evidences. Then, Dempster's combination rule is used to realize information fusion. Finally, numerical examples and simulation experiments demonstrate the proposed methods can realize the modification ideas and also will provide reasonable results with good convergence efficiency. Although evidences conflict one another highly, good combination results are also obtained.
Finite-size effects in separable recurrent neural networks

We perform a systematic analytical study of finite-size effects in separable recurrent neural network models with sequential dynamics, away from saturation. We find two types of finite-size effects: thermal fluctuations, and disorder-induced `frozen' corrections to the mean-field laws. The finite-size effects are described by equations that correspond to a time-dependent Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We show how the theory can be used to understand and quantify various finite-size phenomena in recurrent neural networks, with and without detailed balance.
A study on dynamic Semantic Web service composition

Description Logic possesses strong knowledge representation and reasoning capabilities and offers logical foundation for Semantic Web ontology languages such as OWL and OWL-S. However, the present implementations of OWL and OWL-S are deficient in semantic modeling for dynamic service composition. They also do not consider user preferences. AI planning possesses a better modeling capability of action state transformations in planning and provides an effective method for solving planning problem and task decomposition. However, it is limited in knowledge representation and reasoning capabilities. Based on merits of Description Logic, OWL-S and AI planning, this paper extends OWL-S model, proposes a service composition mechanism and testifies its feasibility in Description Logic. The results show that this composition mechanism is not only feasible but also helpful for semantic modeling of service composition in Semantic Web.
Predictive Modeling of Total Healthcare Costs Using Pharmacy Claims Data: A Comparison of Alternative Econometric Cost Modeling Techniques

Objective:We sought to evaluate several statistical modeling approaches in predicting prospective total annual health costs (medical plus pharmacy) of health plan participants using Pharmacy Health Dimensions (PHD), a pharmacy claims-based risk index. Methods:We undertook a 2-year (baseline year/follow-up year) longitudinal analysis of integrated medical and pharmacy claims. Included were plan participants younger than 65 years of age with continuous medical and pharmacy coverage (n = 344,832). PHD drug categories, age, gender, and pharmacy costs were derived across the baseline year. Annual total health costs were calculated for each plan participant in follow-up year. Models examined included ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, log-transformed OLS regression with smearing estimator, and 3 two-part models using OLS regression, log-OLS regression with smearing estimator, and generalized linear modeling (GLM), respectively. A 10% random sample was withheld for model validation, which was assessed via adjusted r2, mean absolute prediction error, specificity, and positive predictive value. Results:Most PHD drug categories were significant independent predictors of total costs. Among models tested, the OLS model had the lowest mean absolute prediction error and highest adjusted r2. The log-OLS and 2-part log-OLS models did not predict costs accurately as the result of issues of log-scale heteroscedasticity. The 2-part model using GLM had lower adjusted r2 but similar performance in other assessment measures compared with the OLS or 2-part OLS models. Conclusion:The PHD system derived solely from pharmacy claims data can be used to predict future total health costs. Using PHD with a simple OLS model may provide similar predictive accuracy in comparison to more advanced econometric models.
Reliability of Form 90D: An Instrument for Quantifying Drug Use

Clients just entering treatment for nonalcohol primary drug use were asked to report on their frequency of drug use at two times 2 days apart. Test–retest correlations for the lifetime use of drugs were fair to excellent, and those for drug use in the last 90 days, although variable, were generally very good. For lifetime use, correlations were highest for opiates and stimulants and lowest for inhalants, whereas for the recent period correlations were highest for opiates and lowest for stimulants. Correlations were uniformly high for measures of general life functioning. Initial validity assessments with urine drug screen results as criterion were good, with no false negative errors in four of six drug use categories. Overall Form 90D appears to be a reasonably reliable and valid interview instrument for measuring drug use occurrence and frequency for both lifetime and recent use. Care is warranted in assessing classes of drugs that are used less frequently.
Dynamic Nearest Neighbours Classifier For Integrated Data Using Object Oriented Concept Generalization

The k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm has been a promising classification tool. In spite of its extensive application, kNN suffers from few inherent problems. A considerable number of the proposed approaches have exhibited quite promising results and has motivated further research on improving the k-NN method. In this paper, we devise a dynamic nearest neighbor classifier for data integrated via Generalization. Here, we make use of OO concept generalization to integrate the data collected from the different service providers, having varying formats, into a single consolidated data unit (training instance). Then, for effectual classification, we devise an enhanced variant of k-NN algorithm that employs: 1) Novel distance metric for similarity computation using Normalization and 2) Majority voting based on varied values of k. The performance of the proposed classifier was evaluated. The experimental results demonstrate the performance efficiency of the proposed k-NN classifier when compared to the traditional k-NN.
CHANGES OF SEX

therefore cause the patient to seek medical care. Another investigator, C. S. Joss, is quoted as finding that metastatic carcinoma was the most frequent single cause of apparent primary enlargement of the axillary lymph nodes, the possible primary sources of the lesion being a small primary focus in the breast, carcinoma of the tail of the breast extending into the axilla, carcinoma in accessory axillary tissue, small non-pigmented melanoma, and tumours of the lung and pleura. No definite information could be found in the literature on the relative frequency with which occult carcinoma of the breast and other occult primary tumours were associated with metastatic carcinoma of the axillary nodes.
Fuzzy Representation of Pavement Condition for Efficient Pavement Management

Abstract: Many government agencies and private consulting companies manage large pavement networks in terms of infrastructure condition assessment and maintenance planning. Efficient pavement management is supported by pavement management systems (PMSs), which includes models for pavement condition assessments considered “valuable” by agency's engineers. The objective of this article is to define a pavement condition model able to overcome surveyors’ subjectivity in rating distresses and thus provide meaningful pavement conditions for the agencies to employ in project planning. The article proposes a fuzzy inference model for calculating pavement condition ratio (PCR) specifically tailored on the Alabama Department of Transportation Pavement (ALDOT) guidelines and policies. Applied to several surveyors’ ratings, the proposed model has the ability to smooth distress extent differences among surveyors producing PCR values within acceptable range of variability. The proposed approach has the intention of not only enhancing pavement condition characterization but also to exploit the opportunity made available by automation in the collection and interpretation of pavement data which are anyway characterized by an inherent subjectivity.
Restoration of T-cell responsiveness by thymosin: development of antituberculous resistance in BCG-infected animals

T-cell-depleted (adult thymectomized, lethally irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted [THXB]), sham-thymectomized (XB) and normal control mice were injected daily with 3 mg of calf thymosin for 16 days. On day 8 of the treatment, the mice, together with untreated controls, were infected intravenously with 4 X 10(6) viable Mycobacterium bovis (BCG Montreal). Growth of the BCG in the lungs and spleens was compared quantitatively for up to 100 days. Thymosin treatment reversed the progressive weight loss seen in BCG-infected THXB mice and prevented their death due to the ongoing mycobacteriosis that developed in the T-cell-depleted animal. There was a late-developing anti-mycobacterial response in the thymosin-treated THXB mice, which resulted in a progressive decline in viability for the lung and spleen populations over the 40- to 80-day period, when the corresponding counts for the untreated THXB mice remained relatively constant. The histopathology of the lung and the increased antibacterial activity seen in the thymosin-treated THXB mice correlated with decreased [3H]deoxyribonucleic acid levels seen in the lungs and spleen compared with that present in the T-cell-depleted controls.
Human genetic diversity (immunoglobulin GM allotypes), linguistic data, and migrations of Amerindian tribes.

GM haplotype frequencies were examined in 49 Amerindian tribes (from North, Central, and South America) to investigate the congruence of genetic variation with that observed in language and geography. We used two approaches: (1) the mobile site method, which allows a two-dimensional representation of genetic variation where the distances between reference points (i.e., the locations of the populations in the geographic map after displacements) are close to the genetic distances, and (2) a multivariate analysis (factorial correspondence analysis), which permits a visual interpretation of the geographic distribution of GM haplotypes on a map, completed by a cluster analysis. The results show a strong gradient from the Bering Strait to South America. The Eskimo and Na-Dene are genetically different from all other Amerindians, reflecting their more recent migrations. The orientation of most trajectories of the tribes from Central and South America can be interpreted as earlier migrations along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. We conclude that geographic and linguistic factors played a part in the genetic diversity of Amerindian tribes.
Analysis of non-gaussian speckle statistics in high-resolution SAR images

It is well known that overall distribution of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) terrain images generally follows nonGaussian statistics because of scene non homogeneity. However, possible deviation from Gaussianity of the statistics of the speckle component itself can arise in natural terrains observed at high resolution. In this work, a simple e.m. simulator and a few statistical analysis procedures are developed and tested for characterization of the speckle component by both simulated and real data analysis. The goal is to get a flavour of the extent to and the conditions in which the non-Gaussian speckle regime arises in very high resolution landscape SAR images. Preliminary results concerning meter-resolution microwave SAR are shown.
Alineamiento fonético de acentos tonales en el castellano de Vitoria

En este articulo se describe y analiza el alineamiento fonetico de los acentos tonales en el castellano de Vitoria, y se compara con otros dialectos del castellano que se han analizado anteriormente: el castellano de Madrid y el de Lekeitio. En la variedad de Vitoria, el acento en las silabas tonicas se caracterizan por una subida de la altura tonal. En los acentos prenucleares se llega al pico en la silaba postonica, mientras que en las silabas nucleares se llega al pico dentro de la silaba tonica. Respecto a la alineacion de los valles, estos se alinean antes del onset de la silaba tonica en todas las posiciones.
Subantroscopic laterobasal sinus floor augmentation (SALSA): an up-to-5-year clinical study.

PURPOSE The aim of the article was to introduce a new subantroscopic laterobasal sinus augmentation (SALSA) tecnique as a minimally invasive approach to maxillary peri-implant surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SALSA technique consists of the following steps: (1) microsurgical opening of the subantral space (SAS) with detachment of the sinus membrane (SM) under supported videoendoscopy; (2) enlargement of the SAS by laterobasal tunnelling; (3) subantroscopic examination of the SAS with (4) optional reinforcement or repair of the SM; (5) implant site preparation with subantroscopic identification of the cavities; and (6) precise stepwise placement of graft material under endoscopic control. RESULTS Since 1996, 118 sinus augmentations have been performed on 83 patients using particulate alloplastic augmentation material (tricalcium phosphate) with various amounts of autogenous bone and blood. Mean augmentation height was 8.6 mm (range, 1 to 15 mm). Twenty-eight perforations of sinus mucosa were observed without further complication (1 case of sinusitis was treated and re-augmented endoscopically). Of 211 titanium screw-type implants placed, 11 failures were observed. DISCUSSION SALSA is a predictable surgical technique. With this minimally invasive method, adequate bone height can be achieved. CONCLUSION SALSA may offer advantages related to lower morbidity, conservation of bone volume and blood supply, optimized view of the surgical field, and high acceptance by patients.
Who is overeducated and why? Probit and dynamic mixed multinomial logit analyses of vertical mismatch in East and West Germany

ABSTRACT Overeducation potentially signals a productivity loss. With Socio-Economic Panel data from 1984 to 2011 we identify drivers of educational mismatch for East and West medium and highly educated Germans. Addressing measurement error, state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity, we run dynamic mixed multinomial logit models for three different measures of educational mismatch. We find that overeducation is mainly state dependent. Results largely hinge on the selected specification. Yet, robust results are that employment experience decreases and past unemployment increases the mismatch risk. An employer change seldomly serves as a suitable escape strategy, nor does a dual qualification save graduates from entering overeducation.
Low voltage driven field emission from a ZnO nanotetrapod and MgO hybrid emitter with a spin-coating method

In this letter, we report a new kind of hybrid field emitters with the mixture of ZnO nanotetrapods and MgO particles by spin-coating method. Due to the excellent field emission properties of the hybrid field emitters, the turn-on electric field (at a current density of 1 µA/cm2) and threshold electric field (at a current density of 1 mA/cm2) have been reduced to 0.6 v/µm and 0.92 V/µm, respectively. The turn-on electric field and the threshold electric field have been decreased about 67% and 74% compared with the data reported previously.
Effects of temperature on individual growth rate and body size of a freshwater amphipod

Individual growth rates of the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca (Saussure) were measured in the littoral zone oftwo small oligotrophic Ontario lakes and in growth experiments over a natural temperature gradient (10, 15, 20, and 238C). Field observations showed that a temperature of 208C is important for both the induction and termination of reproductiveresting stages in H. azteca. Growth rates were more affected by temperature in small than in large individuals. Growthparameters are related to rearing temperature by linear regressions, which can be used as a simple model for bioenergeticscalculations in crustaceans. A negative relationship between water temperature and maximum size attained by the amphipodswas found. The largest adults were absent in studied populations when summer temperatures were high, and this phenomenon,which has also been observed in other aquatic invertebrates, was bioenergetically determined. Energy-budget estimationsshowed negative net growth efficiency (K 2) in the largest adu.
Research Statement on Statistics

Correctly detecting population structure (PS) is critical for inference of human migration history and understanding the evolution. The confounding errors due to population structure in the rapidly planned disease association studies, i.e., false discoveries due to the systematic allele frequency differences among subpopulations, makes the issue urgent. The prevailing method to analyze PS is to use the top principal component (PC) of covariance matrix of subjects to summarize the global genetic variations across space. In [1, 2] from the point view of manifold learning, I propose using the Laplacian eigenfunctions to infer PS, instead of PCs. The idea is to construct an adjacent graph where each node represents one subject and it is connected only to its close neighbors, since subjects who are less correlated are usually meaningless. Then one can study the geometry of the intrinsic dependence graph. In particular, Laplacian eigenfunctions associated to the graph are the generalized harmonic functions which contain geometric information of the graph. Compared with PCA, our method is less noise and robust to outliers. Our method, LAPSTRUCT, is expected to become a promising tool for population structure detection and correction in disease association studies. In the collaborated work [3], the proposed approach has been successfully demonstrated on the speciation of global seagull using AFLP markers, whose result are perfectly consistent with other evolutionary evidence.
Molecular mechanism of bacterial Hsp90 pH‐dependent ATPase activity

Hsp90 is a dimeric molecular chaperone that undergoes an essential and highly regulated open‐to‐closed‐to‐open conformational cycle upon ATP binding and hydrolysis. Although it has been established that a large energy barrier to closure is responsible for Hsp90's low ATP hydrolysis rate, the specific molecular contacts that create this energy barrier are not known. Here we discover that bacterial Hsp90 (HtpG) has a pH‐dependent ATPase activity that is unique among other Hsp90 homologs. The underlying mechanism is a conformation‐specific electrostatic interaction between a single histidine, H255, and bound ATP. H255 stabilizes ATP only while HtpG adopts a catalytically inactive open configuration, resulting in a striking anti‐correlation between nucleotide binding affinity and chaperone activity over a wide range of pH. Linkage analysis reveals that the H255‐ATP salt bridge contributes 1.5 kcal/mol to the energy barrier of closure. This energetic contribution is structurally asymmetric, whereby only one H255‐ATP salt‐bridge per dimer of HtpG controls ATPase activation. We find that a similar electrostatic mechanism regulates the ATPase of the endoplasmic reticulum Hsp90, and that pH‐dependent activity can be engineered into eukaryotic cytosolic Hsp90. These results reveal site‐specific energetic information about an evolutionarily conserved conformational landscape that controls Hsp90 ATPase activity.