Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of fine tree roots to the silicon cycle in a temperate forest ecosystem developed on three soil types

Abstract. The role of forest vegetation in the silicon (Si) cycle has been widely examined. However, to date, little is known about the specific role of fine roots. The main objective of our study was to assess the influence of fine roots on the Si cycle in a temperate forest in north-eastern France. Silicon pools and fluxes in vegetal solid and solution phases were quantified within each ecosystem compartment, i.e. in the atmosphere, above-ground and below-ground tree tissues, forest floor and different soil layers, on three plots, each with different soil types, i.e. Dystric Cambisol (DC), Eutric Cambisol (EC) and Rendzic Leptosol (RL). In this study, we took advantage of a natural soil gradient, from shallow calcic soil to deep moderately acidic soil, with similar climates, atmospheric depositions, species compositions and management. Soil solutions were measured monthly for 4 years to study the seasonal dynamics of Si fluxes. A budget of dissolved Si (DSi) was also determined for the forest floor and soil layers. Our study highlighted the major role of fine roots in the Si cycle in forest ecosystems for all soil types. Due to the abundance of fine roots mainly in the superficial soil layers, their high Si concentration (equivalent to that of leaves and 2 orders higher than that of coarse roots) and their rapid turnover rate (approximately 1 year), the mean annual Si fluxes in fine roots in the three plots were 68 and 110 kg ha - 1 yr - 1 for the RL and the DC, respectively. The turnover rates of fine roots and leaves were approximately 71 and 28 % of the total Si taken up by trees each year, demonstrating the importance of biological recycling in the Si cycle in forests. Less than 1 % of the Si taken up by trees each year accumulated in the perennial tissues. This study also demonstrated the influence of soil type on the concentration of Si in the annual tissues and therefore on the Si fluxes in forests. The concentrations of Si in leaves and fine roots were approximately 1.5–2.0 times higher in the Si-rich DC compared to the Si-poor RL. In terms of the DSi budget, DSi production was large in the three plots in the forest floor (9.9 to 12.7 kg ha - 1 yr - 1 ), as well as in the superficial soil layer (5.3 to 14.5 kg ha - 1 yr - 1 ), and decreased with soil depth. An immobilization of DSi was even observed at 90 cm depth in plot DC ( − 1.7 kg ha - 1 yr - 1 ). The amount of Si leached from the soil profile was relatively low compared to the annual uptake by trees (13 % in plot DC to 29 % in plot RL). The monthly measurements demonstrated that the seasonal dynamics of the DSi budget were mainly linked to biological activity. Notably, the peak of dissolved Si production in the superficial soil layer occurred during winter and probably resulted from fine-root decomposition. Our study reveals that biological processes, particularly those involving fine roots, play a predominant role in the Si cycle in temperate forest ecosystems, while the geochemical processes appear to be limited.
Does Human Factor Matter for Economic Growth? : Determinants of Economic Growth Process in CEE Countries in Light of Spatial Theory

This paper tries to explain the process of economic growth and convergence in 211 regions of 10 Central and Eastern European countries during the period 1999−2008. The theoretical foundation of this research is constituted by a growth model with spatial externalities, resulting from growth of neighbouring regions. Other factors, which are assumed to have an additional impact on the economic growth, are: initial level of output, levels of physical and human capital. The analysis is performed with application of spatial econometric models, the spatial lagged model and the spatial error model. The results confirm the existence of absolute and conditional convergence in the investigated sample. The process of regional growth is also determined by the level and changes in human capital, as well as by location of the region, i.e. the regions which are located in dynamically developing areas may benefit from their location and grow faster.
Establishment of fast-growing in vitro root culture system in Artemisia vulgaris

Artemisia vulgaris is a highly valuable medicinal plant belonging to the family Asteraceae. Adventitious roots were established from leaf and root explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing various concentrations and combinations of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.5-28.5 μM) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.5-24.6 μM). Maximum number of roots production was obtained on MS media supplemented with 11.4 μM IAA + 4.9 μM IBA. A maximum of 10.8 roots with 13.9 cms root length was achieved from root explants. Out of the different basal media and carbon sources tested, MS medium and sucrose was found to be more suitable for rhizogenesis. Full strength MS medium and 30 gl -1 sucrose was useful in biomass enhancement. This reproducible protocol can be used for the large-scale production of adventitious roots and for the subsequent production of root-specific secondary metabolites.
Explosion dynamics from strainmeter and microbarometer observations, Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat: 2008–2009

Vulcanian explosions with plumes to 12 km occurred at Soufrière Hills volcano (SHV) between July 2008 and January 2009. We report strainmeter and barometric data, featuring quasi‐linear strain changes that correlate with explosive evacuation of the conduit at rates of ∼0.9−2 × 107 kg s−1. July and January explosion‐generated strains were similar, ∼20 nanostrain at ∼5 km, and interpreted as contractions of a quasi‐cylindrical conduit, with release of magmastatic pressure, and exsolution‐generated overpressure of order 10 MPa. The 3 December 2008 event was distinctive with larger signals (∼140–200 nanostrain at 5–6 km) indicating that a rapid pressurization preceded and triggered the explosion. Modeling suggests a dike with ENE trend, implying that feeder dikes at SHV had diverse attitudes at different times during the eruption. All explosions were associated with acoustic pulses and remarkable atmospheric gravity waves.
On applying weighted seed techniques to GMRES algorithm for solving multiple linear systems

In the present paper, we are concerned by weighted Arnoldi like methods for solving large and sparse linear systems that have different right-hand sides but have the same coefficient matrix. We first give detailed descriptions of the weighted Gram-Schmidt process and of a Ruhe variant of the weighted block Arnoldi algorithm. We also establish some theoretical results that links the iterates of the weighted block Arnoldi process to those of the non weighted one. Then, to accelerate the convergence of the classical restarted block and seed GMRES methods, we introduce the weighted restarted block and seed GMRES methods. Numerical experiments that are done with different matrices coming from the Matrix Market repository or from the university of Florida sparse matrix collection are reported at the end of this work in order to compare the performance and show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
A canonical form for H-unitary matrices

In this paper matrices A are considered that have the property that A∗HA = H , where H = H∗ is invertible. A canonical form is given for the pair of matrices (A,H) under transformations (A,H) → (S−1AS,S∗HS) , where S is invertible, in which the canonical form for the A -matrix is the usual Jordan canonical form. The real case is studied as well. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 15A21, 47B50, 15B57.
Family risk factors : the role of cumulative risk and individual risk factors in young children's social and cognitive development

Title: Family Risk Factors: The Role of Cumulative Risk and Individual Risk Factors in Young Children’s Social and Cognitive Development Author: Arvid Nikolai Kildahl Supervisor: Anne Inger Helmen Borge Background: Family risk factors are important in multiple aspects of children’s development. Previous research in the field has mostly focused on populations with generally high levels of risk. Little is known about the occurrence and operation of family risk factors in low-risk populations, nor whether family risk factors are associated with developmental outcomes in similar ways in lowand high-risk populations. Finally, varying approaches to the measure of family risk are in use, and little is known about their implications. Method: The current study used data collected in the Matter of the First Friendship (MOFF) study. Parental report was used to identify risk factors, and child interviews were used for outcomes. Measure of risk preceded measure of outcomes by one year. Data from 579 parental questionnaires and 487 child interviews were included. In a cross-sectional design, associations between family risk and four outcomes were investigated. Two approaches to family risk factors were selected, cumulative and individual factor approaches. The social and cognitive outcomes included children’s Theory of Mind, digit span performance, whether they had a best friend, and social expectations in an ambiguous situation. Results: Family risk factors were associated with developmental outcomes in both cumulative and specific ways. Theory of mind was associated with cumulative risk only. Digit span was associated with both cumulative risk and some individual risk factors. Whether the children reported having a best friend, and their social expectations, were not associated with cumulative risk, only with individual factors. Conclusion: Both cumulative and individual factor approaches are necessary in research on family risk. Findings concerning the relative importance of these approaches are likely to depend on the level of aggregation of the outcome measures employed. Child Development: Role of Family Risk 1
Using Software Architectures for Designing Distributed Embedded Systems

In this paper, we outline an on-going project of designing distributed embedded systems for closed-loop process control. The project is a joint effort between software architecture researchers and developers from two companies that produce commercial embedded process control systems. The project has a strong emphasis on software architectural issues and terminology in order to envision, design and analyze design alternatives. We present two results. First, we outline how focusing on software architecture, architectural issues and qualities are beneficial in designing distributed, embedded, systems. Second, we present two different architectures for closed-loop process control and discuss benefits and reliabilities.
What’s Happening: A Survey of Tweets Event Detection

Twitter is now one of the main means for spread of ideas and information throughout the Web. Tweets discuss different trends, ideas, events, and so on. This gave rise to an increasing interest in analyzing tweets by the data mining community. Twitter is, in nature, a good resource for detecting events in real-time. In this survey paper, we are going to present four challenges of tweets event detection: health epidemics identification, natural events detection, trending topics detection, and sentiment analysis. These challenges are based mainly on clustering and classification. We review these approaches by providing a description of each one. Keywords—tweets mining; tweets event detection; health epidemics identification; natural events detection; trending topics detection; sentiment analysis
An Organizational Framework for Logistic Platform and its Subtypes in a Search for More Logistically Attractive Regions

Abstract Background and Purpose: Regional sustainable economic growth on logistics bases requires the coordinated development of infrastructure, information and communications technology, and proactive education of logistics specialists. The goal is reachable with regional logistics platforms (RLPs). This current research develops a theoretical model for RLPs, consisting of (1) basic constituents, (2) an implementation area, and (3) stakeholders' and operational benefits. Design/Methodology/Approach: We employed a balanced qualitative and quantitative approach using multiple case study and survey methods. Results: Systematic case study research has identified 12 “most frequently” highlighted RLP constituents and 3 areas of implementation, which were further proven by a survey. RLP's beginnings may be spontaneous until a critical mass of interested stakeholders emerges with a clear vision and start-up energy for a breakthrough. A theoretical model for RLPs is proposed. Conclusion: The secret of a successfully developing a logistics region lies in its ability to develop a mechanism for the managing and coordinating a particular logistics system's development and operation, an area that should be further researched. This study's findings provide valuable insights into the many aspects of RLPs, which can be useful for regional authorities and business owners who are eager to stimulate regional economic growth.
The Investigation of Soft Furniture Upholstery Deformational Behaviour

Textile materials, which are different in fibre content, weave type, density and thickness, as well as multi-layered synthetic leathers, are used in soft furniture upholstery production. Deformation - relaxation behaviour, which depends on mechanical properties of such materials differs significantly, also. From this standpoint substantial problem exists in soft furniture production, because the dimensions of its upholstery patterns, i.e. initial pretention must be adjusted taking into account the differences of applied materials mechanical properties. Otherwise external view and quality of upholstery may be unacceptable due to obvious visual material excess on soft furniture surfaces, which is called pull-on ease. The aim of this investigation was to determine the dependencies between three different levels of soft furniture upholstery pre-tension and corresponding values of pull-on ease. New testing method presented in this study allows defining soft furniture upholstery deformational behaviour and its regularities in respect to the initial dimensions of upholstery patterns. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ms.18.4. 3099
Mechanical properties of highly ordered nanoporous anodic alumina membranes

Young's modulus, hardness and fracture toughness of highly ordered nanoporous alumina (PAA) were measured by nanoindentation and Vickers microindentation. A finite element model that accounts for the anisotropy and the pores was developed to extract the Young's modulus and hardness values from the experiments. The measured Young's modulus of 140 GPa was not affected by a heat treatment at 650 degreesC. However, the same heat treatment causes the hardness to increase from 5.2 to 6.3 GPa, while the fracture toughness sharply decreases from 3.4 to 0.4 MPa-m(1/2). When the indentation is made on the top surface of the membrane, nanopore collapse in shear bands rather than crack formation was observed around the indent. This suggests that the pores greatly improve the toughness of the porous alumina in the transverse direction. X-ray diffraction shows no sign of crystallization of the amorphous alumina after annealing at 650 degreesC. However, FTIR spectra show that the heat treatment significantly reduces the OH content of the amorphous structure. Thus it appears that the sharp reduction in the fracture toughness after annealing can be attributed to changes in the amorphous structure due to the loss of water.
Web Page Classification using Semantic Image–Blocks

We present a web document classification system based on the assumption that the images of a web page are those elements which mainly attract the attention of the user. This assumption implies that the text contained in the visual block in which an image is located, called semantic image-block, should contain relevant information about the page contents. In this paper we propose a new metric, called the Inverse Term Relevance Metric, aimed at assigning higher weighs to relevant terms contained into relevant image-blocks identified by performing a visual layout analysis. The traditional TFxIDF model is modified accordingly and used in the classification task. The effectiveness of this new metric has been validated using different classification algorithms, both supervised and unsupervised.
China Inward FDI and Chinese Exports to High-Income Countries (HICs): A Historical Perspective Based on Bibliometric Method

PR China is capturing FDI mainly from the overseas Chinese territories and from High-Income Countries (HICs); this last group is also the most important Chinese export-market. Adopting an inductive methodology, based on the bibliometric method, our purpose is the understanding of which were the determinants that led to attract inward FDI and, later, to increase exports from PR China to HICs. Taking into account the time frame 1980–2010, 367 different publications were collected. Using the ISI Web of Science and the HistCite Software 10 research papers were the basis for a bibliometric diagram (LCS > or equal to 5). From this diagram was possible to extract two main streams: economic reforms toward an inward FDI attraction and world exports leadership; and inward FDI—mainly from HICs—led to an increasing value of the exports basket. A third issue emerged also, not as a stream, but as an important conclusion based on the Gilboy (2004) paper, published on Foreign Affairs : foreign companies dominate high-tech industries and a lion’s part of Chinese industrial exports. PR China has reached the world exporting ranking leadership based on economic reforms, focused on the attraction of FDI export driven, which had on companies from HICs a major contribution.
Sustainability of logistics and supply chain operations through Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives

Abstract So much pressure abounds for supply chains to deliver goods and services in the right quantity, quality, to the right place and at the right time and least cost possible. It is an acceptable fact that supply chain operations, local or global, face numerous unforeseen challenges that expose them to ineffective and inefficient performance. It is evident that organisations that manage environmental, social and economic risks are better positioned to deliver sustainable supply chain operations. The next generation of supply chain management should not be comfortable with the old adage of out-of-sight out-of-mind behaviour as this presents an unacceptable reputational risk level to the sustainability of logistics business operations.
Geographic Inequity in a Decentralized Anti-Poverty Program: A Case Study of China

The central governments of many developing countries have chosen to decentralize their anti-poverty programs, in the expectation that local agents are better informed about local needs. The paper shows that this potential advantage of decentralized eligibility criteria can come at a large cost, to the extent that the induced geographic inequities undermine performance in reaching the income- poor nationally. These issues are studied empirically for (probably) the largest transfer-based poverty program in the world, namely China's Di Bao program, which aims to assure a minimum income through means-tested transfers. Poor municipalities are found to adopt systematically lower eligibility thresholds, reducing the program's ability to reach poor areas, and generating considerable horizontal inequity.
Optimization of laboratory scale production and purification of microcystin-LR from pure cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa

Microcystin is the most common of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxins with more than 65 known variants. Increased nutrient loading of fresh and coastal water bodies has lead to an increased occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms, many of which are microcystin producing. Due to a limited commercial supply of, and difficulties in obtaining, microcystin standards, there has been an increased interest in production of purified microcystin for the use as standards in analytical laboratories. Microcystin content is however highly variable and optimised culture conditions are essential to produce viable yields of microcystin for purification. We describe the optimization of culture conditions and evaluation of various purification methods to enhance the yield of microcystin from laboratory scale culture.
How Is Consumption Smoothed against Income and Asset Shocks? The Experience of an Earthquake in Yamakoshi Village*

We investigate how people insured themselves against unexpected losses caused by the Chuetsu earthquake in 2004. A novelty of our analysis is in the use of geological information as exogenous variations to identify the effects of the earthquake. While our empirical results show that our data is consistent with the conventional full consumption risk-sharing hypothesis for the entire village, liquidity constraints seem to inhibit the consumption risk sharing. Further examinations of each risk coping measures reveal that with all the employed measures, there are more than 22 percent of households whose net damage exceed 10 million yen or ninety thousand US dollars. These findings suggest a limitation of the standard test of full risk sharing using consumption data. The most important measure to cope with the earthquake risk was earthquake insurance, followed by donation and government transfer. On the other hand, private transfers play relatively and absolutely a small role. Finally, reductions in consumption and dissaving are measures employed only by well-off households.
Evaluation of a WFST-based ASR System for Train Timetable Information

--This paper focuses on the description and evaluation of our new prototype Weighted Finite State Transducer (WFST) based ASR system for accessing Japanese train timetable information from a mobile device. The system employs a constrained, WFST grammar which permits users to make natural language queries related to the train timetables domain, including queries related to supplementary concepts such as ``last train'', ``arrival time'', etc. We report preliminary results for four related WFST networks, which include weighted and un-weighted variants of an Zenkoku network which covers 9199 stations across Japan, and weighted and un-weighted variants of a Tokyo network which contains 1098 stations from the greater Tokyo area. For weights we employ unigram station probabilities which were estimated from search engine log data. We compare the performance of the un-weighted networks to their weighted counterparts, using a test set which includes 474 utterances produced by 6 different speakers, and which was recorded in a variety of different acoustic environments. In particular, we focus on task completion rates, including accuracy on at-least-one-station, both-stations, and both-stations-plus-time. In the best case, for the 10-best, weighted Zenkoku network we report a both-stations accuracy of 92.2%.
COMPLEMENTARY FINITE VOLUME SCHEME FOR THE ANISOTROPIC SURFACE DIFFUSION FLOW

We study anisotropic surface diusion ow of hypersurfaces in n . We present a nite volume numerical scheme for the graph and the level-set formulation. The graph formulation is applied on surfaces in 3 and with the level-set formulation we evolve curves in 2 . The discretisation in time is done by mean of the method of lines which gives us a system of ordinary dierential equations. To solve this system we apply the Merson modication of the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. We show several qualitative results for both, the graph and the level-set formulation. x 2 ( t). The change of ( t) is given by a movement of each x 2 ( t) in the normal direction. The speed of this movement is so called normal velocity which we denote by V. To explain our notation of what will follow, we rst assume having a function f2 C 2 ( ( t)) dened on a hypersurface ( t) and its arbitrary C 2 -extension i.e. f 2 C 2 ( n ) such that f = f on { see Kimura (10). We dene gradient of f on ( t) as r( t)f (x) :=r f (x) r f (x);n (x) n (x) for x2 ( t) and the Laplace-Beltrami operator as ( t)f :=r( t)r ( t) f for x2 ( t): We consider an energy functional