Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATION AND ROBUSTNESS ANALYSIS OF ACTUATOR FAULTS BASED ON KALMAN FILTERING

Estimation of additive and multiplicative actuator faults modelled as unknown input signals is analyzed. We restrict our analysis to a class of unknown inputs which can be modelled as stochastic processes. Models of the fault signals are assumed to be known. The dynamic models of the system and fault are combined and used for Kalman filter design. Conditions for the observability of the combined model have been derived. For the case that the fault is modelled as a random walk process with an unstructured model uncertainty, we analyze the performance degradation of the Kalman filtering due to the uncertainty. The method can be used for detection and estimation of simultaneous faults in the presence of unmeasured disturbances in a closed-loop configuration. The estimation method was successfully implemented to estimate actuator faults in the presence of an unmeasurable input (wind) in a closed-loop wind-turbine control system.
Lab: Image Inpainting using Online Dictionary Learning

Image inpainting [2] refers to the process of restoring missing or damaged areas in an image. One efficient algorithm for image inpainting is to use the image signal sparse representation over a redundant dictionary. It is assumed that the natural signal for an image can admit a sparse decomposition over a redundant dictionary, and thus, finding out the dictionary would be critical. In this lab, we apply an online optimization algorithm for dictionary learning, based on stochastic approximation, which scales up gracefully to large datasets.
Decomposition of graded modules

In this paper, the primary objective is to obtain decomposition theorems for graded modules over the polynomial ring kfx], where k denotes a field. There is some overlap with recent work of Hoppner and Lenzing. The results obtained include identification of the free, projective, and injective modules. It is proved that a module that is either reduced and locally finite or bounded below is a direct sum of cyclic submodules. Pure submodules are direct summands if they are bounded below. In such case, the pure submodule is itself a direct sum of cyclic submodules. It is also noted that Cohen and Gluck's Stacked Bases Theorem remains true if the modules are graded.
Morlet Cross-Wavelet Analysis of Climatic State Variables Expressed as a Function of Latitude, Longitude, and Time: New Light on Extreme Events

This study aims to advance our knowledge in the genesis of extreme climatic events with the dual aim of improving forecasting methods while clarifying the role played by anthropogenic warming. Wavelet analysis is used to highlight the role of coherent Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies produced from short-period oceanic Rossby waves resonantly forced, with two case studies: a Marine Heatwave (MHW) that occurred in the northwestern Pacific with a strong climatic impact in Japan, and an extreme flood event that occurred in Germany. Ocean–atmosphere interactions are evidenced by decomposing state variables into period bands within the cross-wavelet power spectra, namely SST, Sea Surface Height (SSH), and the zonal and meridional modulated geostrophic currents as well as precipitation height, i.e., the thickness of the layer of water produced during a day, with regard to subtropical cyclones. The bands are chosen according to the different harmonic modes of the oceanic Rossby waves. In each period band, the joint analysis of the amplitude and the phase of the state variables allow the estimation of the regionalized intensity of anomalies versus their time lag in relation to the date of occurrence of the extreme event. Regarding MHWs in the northwestern Pacific, it is shown how a warm SST anomaly associated with the northward component of the wind resulting from the low-pression system induces an SST response to latent and sensible heat transfer where the latitudinal SST gradient is steep. The SST anomaly is then shifted to the north as the phase becomes homogenized. As for subtropical cyclones, extreme events are the culmination of exceptional circumstances, some of which are foreseeable due to their relatively long maturation time. This is particularly the case of ocean–atmosphere interactions leading to the homogenization of the phase of SST anomalies that can potentially contribute to the supply of low-pressure systems. The same goes for the coalescence of distinct low-pressure systems during cyclogenesis. Some avenues are developed with the aim of better understanding how anthropogenic warming can modify certain key mechanisms in the evolution of those dynamic systems leading to extreme events.
Facial Image-Based Automatic Assessment of Equine Pain

Recognition of pain in animals is essential for their welfare. However, since there is no verbal communication, this assessment depends solely on the ability of the observer to locate visible or audible signs of pain. The use of grimace scales is proven to be efficient in detecting the pain visually, but the assessment quality depends on the level of training of the assessor and the validity is not easily ensured. There is a clear need for automating the pain assessment process. This work provides a system for pain prediction in horses, based on grimace scales. The pipeline automatically determines the quantitative pose of the equine head and finds facial landmarks before classification, proposing a novel scale-normalisation approach for equine heads. The pain estimation is achieved for each facial region of interest separately, following the clinical pain estimation procedure. We introduce a database of horse images, annotated by professional veterinarians for training and assessment. We also propose a data augmentation method to alleviate the data scarcity issues, which relies on generating realistic 3D equine face models based on 2D annotated images. We show that the data augmentation method improves the performance of both quantitative pose estimation and landmark detection. Our results establish a strong baseline for automatic equine pain estimation.
Implementation of Discrete Cosine Transform using VLSI

Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is one of the widely used transform for image compression. It de-correlates image data. Independent encoding of the transformed coefficients can be done in compression without losing image quality. In this paper we present implementation of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) on VLSI platform. Using the separability property of 2D DCT, the 2D DCT architecture is divided into two 1D DCT blocks with the transpose buffer. The architecture used for calculating 1D DCT is based on Arai’s algorithm for DCT calculation. The design is implemented on Spartan 3E board from Xilinx for an 8x8 input block.
Automated Vehicle to Vehicle Conflict Analysis at Signalized Intersections by Camera and LiDAR Sensor Fusion

This research presents a robust approach for automated safety diagnosis using sensor fusion techniques. This work fuses the outputs of a roadside low-resolution camera and a solid-state LiDAR. For vehicle classification and detection in videos, the YOLO-v5 object detection model was utilized. The raw 3D point clouds generated by the LiDAR are processed by two manual steps—ground plane transformation and background segmentation, and two real-time steps—foreground clustering and bounding box fitting. Taking the generated 2D bounding boxes of both camera and LiDAR, we associate the common bounding box pairs by thresholding on the Euclidean distance threshold of 6 ft between the centroid pairs. We perform weighted measurement updates based on the root mean square error of each of the sensor’s detection compared with manually labeled ground truths. The fused measurements are tracked by using linear constant velocity Kalman filter. With the generated trajectories, we compute post encroachment time at pixel-level conflicts based on the generated vehicle trajectories. We have proposed a complete bipartite graph-matching strategy of vehicle parts along with the conflict angle to obtain conflict types—rear-end, sideswipe, head-on, and angle conflict. A case study on a signalized intersection is presented. The output of the proposed framework performs with 97.384% precision and 95.316% recall. It is better than both single-sensor-based systems in relation to detection count and localization. It is expected that the proposed method can be employed to diagnose road safety problems and inform the required countermeasures.
The First Five Years of the Operational Runs of the Numerical Tools for Hurricane Forecast (NTHF) during the North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Season

: In this study, we evaluated the ability of the Numerical Tools for Hurricane Forecast (NTHF) system, operational at the Department of Meteorology of the Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences, University of Havana, Cuba, for forecasting the intensity and trajectory of the North Atlantic (NATL) tropical cyclones (TCs). To assess the ability of the NTHF system in the ﬁrst ﬁve years (2016–2020) of operational runs, we used the best tracks from the National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 database. The errors in the track forecast increased linearly from 41 km at 6 h to 356 km at 120 h. In addition, NTHF underestimates the intensity of TCs, especially those that reach Category 3+ hurricanes on the Safﬁr–Simpson wind scale. Overall, the mean absolute error in forecasting the maximum wind speed (minimum pressure) ranged from 26.5 km/h (7 hPa) to 33.7 km/h (11.7 hPa). Moreover, the highest BIAS in the intensity forecast was found in the ﬁrst 48 h, suggesting that model initialization is the main driver of NTHF errors in the forecast maximum wind speed and the minimum central pressure of TCs in the North Atlantic Basin.
screening tool associated with functional outcomes of hip patients: A longitudinal study to compare

Background & aims : Several hip fracture patients are malnourished, but no study has attempted to determine the optimal nutritional screening tool for predicting functional outcomes. We investigated the association between each nutritional status assessed by four nutritional screening tools at admission and functional outcomes during the postoperative acute phase in hip fracture patients. Methods : The Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), the Nutritional Risk Score 2002 (NRS-2002) and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) were assessed at admission before surgery. We evaluated the motor domain of the functional independent measure (motor-FIM) score at discharge, efficiency on the motor-FIM (change in the motor-FIM score after postoperative rehabilitation divided by postoperative length of hospital stay), and 10-m walking speed at postoperative 14 days as functional outcomes. Results : Two hundred and five patients (mean patient age, 83.5 ± 7.0 years; range, 65– 100 years; 82% female) were included. The MNA-SF evaluation classified 56 patients as well-nourished, 103 as at risk of malnutrition and 46 as malnourished. The MUST evaluation classified 97 patients as low risk, 42 as medium risk and 66 as high risk. The NRS-2002 evaluation classified 89 patients as well-nourished, 69 as medium risk and 47 as nutritionally at risk. The GNRI evaluation classified 44 patients as no risk, 74 as low risk and 87 as a major risk. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that MNA-SF had a significant association with discharge motor-FIM (well-nourished vs. at risk of malnutrition, standardised β = − 0.06, p = 0.04; vs. malnourished, standardised β = − 0.32, p < 0.01), efficiency on the motor-FIM (well-nourished vs. malnourished, standardised β = − 0.19, p = 0.02) and 10-m walking speed (well-nourished vs. malnourished, standardised β = − 0.30, p < 0.01). The GNRI was significantly associated with 10-m walking speed (no risk vs. mild risk, standardised β = − 0.23, p = 0.02; vs. major risk, standardised β = − 0.37, p < 0.01), but not of motor-FIM and efficiency on the motor-FIM. No significant relationships were found among MUST and NRS-2002 and any functional outcomes. Conclusions : The MNA-SF was found to be an optimal nutritional screening tool to associate with functional outcomes during the postoperative acute phase of elderly hip fracture patients.
Translational Research of Mendelian Disorders Applications of Cutting-Edge Sequencing Techniques and Molecular Tools

Gudmundsson, S. 2019. Translational Research of Mendelian Disorders: Applications of Cutting-Edge Sequencing Techniques and Molecular Tools. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1551. 75 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0595-0. Up to 8% of all live-born children are affected with a congenital disorder. Some are Mendelian disorders of known etiology, but many are of undetermined genetic cause and mechanism, limiting diagnosis and treatment. This project aims to investigate the underlying causes of unresolved Mendelian disorders, and especially syndromes associated with intellectual disability, by using cutting-edge sequencing techniques and molecular tools in a translational setting that intends to directly benefit affected families. In Paper I, we report the first keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome patient presenting with reversion of disease phenotype, a phenomenon known as revertant mosaicism. Third-generation sequencing and a cell assay were used to pin-point the mechanism of the somatic variants giving rise to healthy looking skin in the patient. In Paper II, we describe a novel approach to investigate parental origin, gonadal mosaicism, and estimate recurrence risk of disease in two families. Third-generation sequencing was used for haplotype phasing and detection of lowfrequency variants in paternal sperm. The recurrence risk in future offspring in the families affected with Noonan syndrome and Treacher Collins syndrome was determined to be 40% and <0.1% respectively. In Paper III, we describe a novel variant in a patient affected with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, primarily associated with intellectual disability. The affected gene is linked to an extremely rare form of the syndrome, with limited cases described in the literature, usually associated with mild symptoms. Investigation of rare intellectual disability syndromes was continued in Paper IV, by clinical and genetic characterization of six affected males with a likely pathogenic variant in the TAF1 gene. By creating the first TAF1 orthologue knockout we revealed that taf1 is essential for life and that lack of functional taf1 during embryonic development in zebrafish primarily impacts expression of genes in pathways associated with neurodevelopment. By progressive translational research, using state-of-the-art methodology, this project has illuminated the implication of revertant and gonadal mosaicism in disease (Papers I-II), as well as two extremely rare intellectual disability syndromes (Papers III-IV). In total, five families affected with five different disorders have gained clinical and genetic diagnosis and/or further understanding of prognosis and recurrence risk. The study has led to improved understanding of disease etiology and basic developmental processes, enabling development of new therapies and improved care of future patients.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RECESSIONS AND THE COST OF JOB LOSS

We develop new evidence on the cumulative earnings losses associated with job displacement, drawing on longitudinal Social Security records for U.S. workers from 1974 to 2008. In present value terms, men lose an average of 1.4 years of pre-displacement earnings if displaced in mass-layoff events that occur when the national unemployment rate is below 6 percent. They lose a staggering 2.8 years of pre-displacement earnings if displaced when the unemployment rate exceeds 8 percent. These results reflect discounting at a 5% annual rate over 20 years after displacement. We also document large cyclical movements in the incidence of job loss and job displacement and present evidence on how worker anxieties about job loss, wage cuts and job opportunities respond to contemporaneous economic conditions. Finally, we confront leading models of unemployment fluctuations with evidence on the present value earnings losses associated with job displacement. The model of Mortensen and Pissarides (1994) extended to include search on the job generates present value losses only one-fourth as large as observed losses. Moreover, present value losses in the model vary little with aggregate conditions at the time of displacement, unlike the pattern in the data. Steven J. Davis Booth School of Business The University of Chicago 5807 South Woodlawn Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 and NBER Steven.Davis@ChicagoBooth.edu Till M. von Wachter Department of Economics Columbia University 601 West 115th Str. Apt. 101 New York, NY 10025 and NBER vw2112@columbia.edu
Perspectives for Heap Leaching of Non-Ferrous Metals (Murmansk Region, Russia)

The results of laboratory simulation of heap leaching of non-ferrous metals from dumps of the Allarechensk deposit, low-grade ore of the Nyud-II deposits, and processing wastes of the “Kola MMC” JSC are presented. It is known that cut-off grade sulphide ores from both abandoned and currently developed deposits, overburden rock and dressing tailings, while being a major source of non-ferrous metals, pose a serious environmental hazard if unprocessed. So, any reasonable utilization of rock waste dumps, tailings and unfreed ore is beneficial both from environmental and economical viewpoints. Such natural and man-made resources can be processed using heap leaching whereby a sulphuric acid solution, an oxidizer (oxygen, iron (III) ions etc.) and microorganisms (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans etc.) are fed both onto a heap surface and interior. Uniform spreading of the solution is achieved via a system of pools, drain gutters, networks of half-socket pipes, or spraying. The enriched solution leaking from under the heap is collected in gutters or pipes and sent to further processing.
Di ¡ erential expressionofgenesofXylella fastidiosa inxylem £ uidof citrus andgrapevine

Di¡erential expressionofgenesofXylella fastidiosa inxylem£uidof citrus andgrapevine Xiangyang Shi, Jianlong Bi, Joseph G. Morse, Nick C. Toscano & Donald A. Cooksey Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; University of California Cooperative Extension, Salinas, CA, USA; and Department of Entomology, University of California – Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
AN OPTIMAL PARAMETER EXTRACTION AND CRACK IDENTIFICATION METHOD FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

A novel parameter extraction method based on Adaptive Differential Evolution Technique (ADET) is introduced for various types of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules. Cracks can isolate large portion of a module and increases the electrical resistance, thus current-voltage (I-V) drop will be increased and it leads to power loss. The parameter extraction and crack identification problem is based on the single diode model of a solar cell. The simulation is performed using an objective function for minimizing the difference between the estimated and measured values. The simulation result is compared with the I-V data set showed that the proposed ADET outperforms other techniques such as chaos particle swam optimization (CPSO), genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing (SA) and organic and inorganic solar cells (OIS). Finally, the proposed ADET method is practically validated with three different types of solar modules such as thin film, mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline. The performance of different solar cell modules has been verified and the result shows that the proposed method is suitable for parameter extraction of PV modules.
Electrolytes with Micelle-Assisted Formation of Directional Ion Transport Channels for Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries with Impressive Performance

Low-cost and ecofriendly electrolytes with suppressed water reactivity and raised ionic conductivity are desirable for aqueous rechargeable batteries because it is a dilemma to decrease the water reactivity and increase the ionic conductivity at the same time. In this paper, Li2SO4–Na2SO4–sodium dodecyl sulfate (LN-SDS)-based aqueous electrolytes are designed, where: (i) Na+ ions dissociated from SDS increase the charge carrier concentration, (ii) DS−/SO42− anions and Li+/Na+ cations are capable of trapping water molecules through hydrogen bonding and/or hydration, resulting in a lowered melting point, (iii) Li+ ions reduce the Krafft temperature of LN-SDS, (iv) Na+ and SO42− ions increase the low-temperature electrolyte ionic conductivity, and (v) SDS micelle clusters are orderly aggregated to form directional ion transport channels, enabling the formation of quasi-continuous ion flows without (r.t.) and with (≤0 °C) applying voltage. The screened LN-SDS is featured with suppressed water reactivity and high ionic conductivity at temperatures ranging from room temperature to −15 °C. Additionally, NaTi2(PO4)3‖LiMn2O4 batteries operating with LN-SDS manifest impressive electrochemical performance at both room temperature and −15 °C, especially the cycling stability and low-temperature performance.
Subcritical Water Enhanced with Deep Eutectic Solvent for Extracting Polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes and Their Antioxidant Activities

In the present study, subcritical water extraction (SWE) assisted with deep eutectic solvent (DES) is used to extract Lentinus edodes polysaccharides (LEP). In addition, the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide samples was also investigated. Based on a single factor test and response surface test, the optimal extraction factors were a liquid–solid solvent of 40:1 mL/g, extraction temperature of 147.23 °C, water content of 39.76% and extraction time of 17.58 min. Under these extraction conditions, the yield of LEP was 6.26 ± 0.08%. Compared with the SWE and hot water extraction (HWE), it improved by 19.24% and 17.01%, respectively. In addition, the results of monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, FT-IR, UV and SEM confirmed that the extracts had the features of polysaccharides. Interestingly, the polysaccharides obtained with the SWE assisted with the DES procedure showed a higher DPPH scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, which indicated that the polysaccharides with this method had a stronger antioxidant activity. These findings demonstrated that the SWE-assisted DES is a strong method to obtain polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes for food, biopharmaceutical and other industrial production.