Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wages and the Bargaining Regime under Multi-level Bargaining: Belgium, Denmark and Spain

We use a harmonized matched employer—employee dataset to study the impact of the collective bargaining regime on wages in the manufacturing sector in three countries with a multi-level system of bargaining: Belgium, Denmark and Spain. Single-employer bargaining has a positive effect both on wage levels and on wage dispersion in Belgium and in Denmark. In Spain, it also increases wage levels but reduces wage dispersion. Our interpretation is that in Belgium and Denmark, single-employer bargaining is used to adapt pay to the specific needs of the firm while, in Spain it is mainly used by trade unions in order to compress the wage distribution.
Cloning, heterologous expression and characterization of three thioredoxin h isoforms (OsTrx1, OsTrx20 and OsTrx23) from rice.

Thioredoxin h (Trx h) is a major cytoplamic and mitochondrial disulfide reductase. In plants, Trx h isoforms are encoded by a multigenic family of genes. The multiplicity of these isoforms raises the question of their functional specificity. In this study, we describe isolation and cloning of three cDNAs encoding different Trx h isoforms, namely OsTrx1, OsTrx20 and OsTrx23. Three Trx h were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and their activities were compared using DTT-dependent insulin assay. OsTrx23 and OsTrx1 demonstrated highest (0.05 �650/min) and lowest (0.016 �650/min) activity, respectively. In contrast to OsTrx1 and OsTrx20 isoforms, OsTrx23 was efficiently reduced by NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase from barley (HvNTR2). The gene expression of three Trx h was analyzed in one, two and three-week old rice seedlings. The transcripts of OsTrx23 with high intensity and OsTrx20 with low intensity were expressed in both root and shoot, whereas OsTrx1 was only expressed in root. All of three isoforms were appeared partially dimerized under non-reducing conditions suggesting that disulfide bridges were responsible for dimerization.
Multiscale Differential Riccati Equations for Linear Quadratic Regulator Problems

We consider approximations to the solutions of differential Riccati equations in the context of linear quadratic regulator problems, where the state equation is governed by a multiscale operator. Similarly to elliptic and parabolic problems, standard finite element discretizations perform poorly in this setting unless the grid resolves the fine-scale features of the problem. This results in unfeasible amounts of computation and high memory requirements. In this paper, we demonstrate how the localized orthogonal decomposition method may be used to acquire accurate results also for coarse discretizations, at the low cost of solving a series of small, localized elliptic problems. We prove second-order convergence (except for a logarithmic factor) in the L2operator norm and first-order convergence in the corresponding energy norm. These results are both independent of the multiscale variations in the state equation. In addition, we provide a detailed derivation of the fully discrete matrix-valued equations and show how they can be handled in a low-rank setting for large-scale computations. In connection to this, we also show how to efficiently compute the relevant operator-norm errors. Finally, our theoretical results are validated by several numerical experiments.
Vyrų pakartotinos partnerystės: individualūs ir ankstesnės partnerystės veiksniai

ISSN 2335-8777 (online). LMT finansuojamas projektas „Lietuvos demografinis nuosmukis ir nelygybės: modeliai ir mechanizmai kartų kaitos kontekste“ (S-MIP-17-119)
EFFECTS OF FRYING BY DIFFERENT FRYING OILS ON FATTY ACID PROFILE OF SILVER CARP (HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS MOLITRIX)

The study aims to determine the influence of frying (shallow and deep) with olive, canola and sunflower oil on fatty acid composition of silver carp. Frying by olive oil and canola oil increased the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) significantly (p<0.05) that consequently decreased saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ω-3 fatty acids. Frying by sunflower oil increased PUFA significantly (p<0.05), which caused to decrease in SFA and MUFA. The ω-6/ω-3 ratio of control samples (0.224) after shallow fat frying and deep frying, increased to 1.287 and 0.615; to 2.290 and 1.538; and to 9.381 and 5.950 by olive oil, canola oil and sunflower oil, respectively. Results suggest that frying oil can change the fatty acid composition of fish. The changes are depending to the kind of frying oil and method of frying which used.
Phaseless spherical near-field antenna measurements for low and medium gain antennas

Abstract. The characterisation of antenna radiation patterns by measurements in the near-field and a following near-field far-field transformation require accurate amplitude and phase data. Especially at higher frequencies phase measurements are demanding in terms of instrumentation and measurement accuracy. Phaseless techniques which require amplitude only data on one or more measurement surfaces are therefore of special interest. In this paper a phaseless spherical algorithm based on spherical modal expansion is presented. The algorithm works with amplitude only near-field data measured on two spheres of different radii and is therefore not restricted to certain types of antennas as for planar measurements for example. Simulated as well as measured results of low and medium gain antennas are shown.
Families of Major Index Distributions: Closed Forms and Unimodality

Closed forms for $f_{\lambda,i} (q) := \sum_{\tau \in SYT(\lambda) : des(\tau) = i} q^{maj(\tau)}$, the distribution of the major index over standard Young tableaux of given shapes and specified number of descents, are established for a large collection of $\lambda$ and $i$. Of particular interest is the family that gives a positive answer to a question of Sagan and collaborators. All formulas established in the paper are unimodal, most by a result of Kirillov and Reshetikhin. Many can be identified as specializations of Schur functions via the Jacobi-Trudi identities. If the number of arguments is sufficiently large, it is shown that any finite principal specialization of any Schur function $s_\lambda(1,q,q^2,\dots,q^{n-1})$ has a combinatorial realization as the distribution of the major index over a given set of tableaux.
A specification test based on the MCMC output

A test statistic is proposed to assess the model specification after the model is estimated by Bayesian MCMC methods. The new test is motivated from the power enhancement technique of Fan, Liao and Yao (2015). It combines a component (J1) that tests a null point hypothesis in an expanded model and a power enhancement component (J0) obtained from the null model. It is shown that J0 converges to zero when the null model is correctly specified and diverges when the null model is misspecified. Also shown is that J1 is asymptotically X2-distributed, suggesting that the proposed test is asymptotically pivotal, when the null model is correctly specified. The proposed test has several properties. First, its size distortion is small and hence bootstrap methods can be avoided. Second, it is easy to compute from the MCMC output and hence is applicable to a wide range of models, including latent variable models for which frequentist methods are difficult to use. Third, when the test statistic rejects the specification of the null model and J1 takes a large value, the test suggests the source of misspecification of the null model. The finite sample performance is investigated using simulated data. The method is illustrated in a linear regression model, a linear state-space model, and a stochastic volatility model using real data.
First report of a sexual state in an ambrosia fungus: Ambrosiella cleistominuta sp. nov. associated with the ambrosia beetle Anisandrus maiche

Genera of ambrosia beetles in the tribe Xyleborini with large, mesonotal mycangia host unique fungal symbionts in the genus Ambrosiella. The symbiont of a recent invasive to the USA from Asia, Anisandrus maiche Stark, had not been previously characterized. We found the mycangium anatomy of An. maiche collected in Ohio to be similar to that of Anisandrus dispar and consistently isolated a novel fungus, Ambrosiella cleistominuta sp. nov., from An. maiche mycangia and galleries. The fungus was distinguished from other named Ambrosiella by morphological characters and DNA sequences (ITS rDNA and tef-1α). The mycangial symbionts of ambrosia beetles had been assumed to be strictly asexual, but A. cleistominuta produces cleistothecious ascomata with ascospores in beetle galleries and in culture. In contrast to ascomata of other Ceratocystidaceae, the relatively small ascomata of A. cleistominuta are neckless and without ostioles. The ascospores are relatively large, and single-ascospore colonies produced ascomat.
Formation of coexisting 1M and 2M polytypes in illite from an active hydrothermal system

Polytypes of illite from the Broadlands-Ohaaki geothermal system in New Zealand have been studied with transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The illite is predominantly a one-layer polytype with 1.0-nm interlayer spacing. On the scale of a few millimeters, illite occurs as ordered crystals, disordered crystals, and crystals with regions of ordered and disordered stacking. Some crystals are composed entirely of either the onelayer or the two-layer polytype; others show regions of twoJayer stacking in a one-layer host. Long period stacking sequences (3or 4Jayer) are less common and occur as lamellar intergrowths in lM mica. No morphological differences were observed among the discrete crystals of lMo, lM, and 2M. Textures indicate that regions with two-layer stacking can be produced from lMo mica even though there is a general trend with increasing temperature of lMo to lM to 2M. Expeimental data on the rate of transformati on of lM to 2M, muscovite combined with estimates of the mole fraction of 2M mica and temperatures of illite crystallization were used to place constraints on the duration of hydrothermal activity in the Broadlands-Ohaaki system.
The base of Korean noun paradigms: Evidence from tone

This paper reports and analyzes the tonal patterns that emerge in South Kyengsang monosyllabic nouns that exhibit two well-known analogical changes in stem shape, one involving coronal obstruent codas and the other stems with an underlying cluster. By the first change, underlying and orthographic /nach/ ‘face’ inflects as nat, nach-ɨl (conservative) or nas-ɨl (innovative); and by the second underlying /talk/ ‘chicken’ inflects as tak, talk-ɨl (conservative) or tak-ɨl (innovative). We find that many such nouns with a high-low tonal pattern change to high-high when inflected with the segmentally innovative stem. We propose that this tonal change supports the model of Korean noun paradigms proposed in Albright (2008) and Do (2013) in which the citation form serves as the base for the construction of the suffixed forms. If the base is a neutralization site, then learners select the alternant in which they have the greatest confidence of scoring a correct hit when undoing the neutralization.
Ice‐cover variability on shallow lakes at high latitudes: model simulations and observations

A one‐dimensional thermodynamic model for simulating lake‐ice phenology is presented and evaluated. The model can be driven with observed daily or hourly atmospheric forcing of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, cloud amount and snowfall. In addition to computing the energy balance components, key model output includes the temperature profile at an arbitrary number of levels within the ice/snow (or the water temperature if there is no ice) and ice thickness (clear ice and snow‐ice) on a daily basis, as well as freeze‐up and break‐up dates. The lake‐ice model is used to simulate ice‐growth processes on shallow lakes in arctic, sub‐arctic, and high‐boreal forest environments. Model output is compared with field and remote sensing observations gathered over several ice seasons. Simulated ice thickness, including snow‐ice formation, compares favourably with field measurements. Ice‐on and ice‐off dates are also well simulated when compared with field and satellite observations, with a mean absolute difference of 2 days. Model simulations and observations illustrate the key role that snow cover plays on the seasonal evolution of ice thickness and the timing of spring break‐up. It is also shown that lake morphometry, depth in particular, is a determinant of ice‐off dates for shallow lakes at high latitudes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essays on Learning, Decision-making and Attention

My dissertation consists of three chapters. In chapter 1, I study epiphany learning (EL). EL is characterized by an unexpected moment of insight, which contrasts with the gradual learning process in the traditional reinforcement learning (RL). I develop a computational model of EL in a behavioral experiment where subjects learn the optimal strategy in the 2-person beauty contest game. I show that subjects’ learning curve can be better fitted by my EL model than the RL model. In chapter 2, I investigate further into EL and test my model with an eyetracking experiment again using the 2-person beauty contest game. In this experiment, I add the feature that subjects could commit to a strategy whenever they want, namely to lock into that strategy for the rest of the experiment. The idea is that subjects should only commit to a strategy if they have an epiphany. I find that subjects who committed to the optimal strategy –just before they committed– had a very different gaze dwell time distribution, saccade pattern and pupil diameter, compared to those who committed to other strategies or never committed. Moreover, these subjects’ gaze data were aligned with a key latent process in my EL model. In the last chapter, I study how pupil dilation is modulating the simple choice decision-making process in the context of the attentional drift-diffusion model (aDDM). In an incentivized binary food-choice experiment, I find that the size of
Scaling limits of anisotropic Hastings – Levitov clusters 1

We consider a variation of the standard Hastings–Levitov model HL(0), in which growth is anisotropic. Two natural scaling limits are established and we give precise descriptions of the effects of the anisotropy. We show that the limit shapes can be realised as Loewner hulls and that the evolution of harmonic measure on the cluster boundary can be described by the solution to a deterministic ordinary differential equation related to the Loewner equation. We also characterise the stochastic fluctuations around the deterministic limit flow. Résumé. Dans cet article, on presente une étude d’une version du modèle de Hastings–Levitov HL(0) où la croissance est anisotrope. Deux limites d’échelle naturelles sont établies, et nous décrivons précisément les effets de l’anisotropie. Nous montrons que les formes limites du modèle peuvent être réalisées comme remplissages associés à l’équation de Loewner et que l’évolution de la mesure harmonique sur la frontière des agrégats tend vers un certain flot deterministe. Nous caractérisons enfin les fluctuations stochastiques autour de ce flot. MSC: Primary 30C35; 60D05; secondary 60K35; 60F99
Homogenization of Symmetric Lévy Processes on R d

In this short note we study homogenization of symmetric d-dimensional Lévy processes. Homogenization of one-dimensional pure jump Markov processes has been investigated by Tanaka et al. in [4]; their motivation was the work by Benssousan et al. [1] on the homogenization of diffusion processes in Rd, see also [2] and [10]. We investigate a similar problem for a class of symmetric pure-jump Lévy processes on R d and we identify – using Mosco convergence – the limit process. A symmetric Lévy process (Xt)t≥0 is a stochastic process in R d with stationary and independent increments, càdlàg paths and symmetric laws Xt ∼ −Xt. We can characterize the (finite-dimensional distributions of the) process by its characteristic function Eet, ξ ∈ R, t > 0, which is of the form exp(−tψ(ξ)); due to the symmetry of Xt, the characteristic exponent ψ is real-valued. It is given by the Lévy–Khintchine formula ψ(ξ) = 1 2 〈ξ,Σξ〉+ ∫ h 6=0 ( 1− cos〈ξ, h〉 ) ν(dh), ξ ∈ R. (1) Σ ∈ R is the positive semidefinite diffusion matrix and ν(dh) is the Lévy measure, that is a Radon measure on R \ {0} such that ∫ h 6=0 ( 1 ∧ |h| ) ν(dh) is finite. It is clear from (1) that we have ν(dh) = ν(−dh). Throughout this paper we assume Σ ≡ 0 and that ν(dh) has a (necessarily symmetric) density w.r. t. Lebesgue measure; in abuse of notation we write ν(dh) = ν(h) dh. Let Q = (0, 1) be the open unit cube in R and a : R → R a function in Lploc(R ) for some 1 < p ≤ ∞. We assume that a is Q-periodic in the sense that a(h + kei) = a(h) > 0 for all k ∈ Z , i = 1, 2, . , d and a.a. h ∈ Q; (2) as usual, ei denotes the ith unit vector of R . Moreover, we assume that ∫ h 6=0 ( 1 ∧ |h| ) a(h)ν(h) dh <∞ and ν(h) = ν(−h) > 0, h 6= 0. (3) By ā we denote the mean value of a, ā := ∫
Characterization of the Deltaproteobacteria in contaminated and uncontaminated stream sediments and identification of potential mercury methylators

Microbial communities were examined in surface stream sediments at 5 conta - minated sites and 1 control site near Oak Ridge, TN, USA, to identify bacteria that could be con- tributing to mercury (Hg) methylation. The phylogenetic composition of the sediment bacterial community was examined over 3 quarterly sampling periods (36 samples) using 16S rRNA gene pyro sequencing. Only 3064 sequences (0.85% of the total community) were identified as Delta - proteobacteria, the only group known to methylate Hg, using the Ribosomal Database Project classifier at the 99% confidence threshold. Constrained ordination techniques indicated statisti- cally significant positive linear correlations between Desulfobulbus spp. , Desulfonema spp. and Desulfobacca spp. and methyl-Hg concentrations at the Hg-contaminated sites. In contrast, the distribution of organisms related to Byssovorax spp. was significantly correlated to inorganic car- bon, nitrate and uranium concentrations but not to Hg or methyl-Hg. Overall, the abundance and richness of Deltaproteobacteria sequences were higher in uncontaminated sediments, while the majority of the members present at the contaminated sites were either known potential metal- reducers/methylators or metal tolerant species. Given the abundance relative to other known Hg methylators and the association with methyl-Hg, Desulfobulbus spp. is considered a prime candi- date for involvement in Hg methylation in these streams.
Framework for Mapping Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems in Mato Grosso, Brazil

Integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems combine livestock and crop production in the same area, increasing the efficiency of land use and machinery, while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing production risks, plant diseases and pests. ICL systems are primarily divided into annual (ICLa) and multi-annual (ICLm) systems. Projects such as the “Integrated crop-livestock-forest Network” and the “Livestock Rally” have estimated the ICL areas for Brazil on a state or regional basis. However, it remains necessary to create methods for spatial identification of ICL areas. Thus, we developed a framework for mapping ICL areas in Mato Grosso, Brazil using the Enhanced Vegetation Index time-series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and a Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping (TWDTW) classification method. The classification of ICL areas occurred in three phases. Phase 1 corresponded to the classification of land use from 2008 to 2016. In Phase 2, the ICLa areas were identified. Finally, Phase 3 corresponded to the ICLm identification. The framework showed overall accuracies of 86% and 92% for ICL areas. ICLm accounted for 87% of the ICL areas. Considering only agricultural areas or only pasture areas, ICL systems represented 5% and 15%, respectively.
Interventions to decrease inappropriate prescribing and medication use in older adults : a clinical review

The objective of this literature review is to identify interventions effective in decreasing inappropriate prescribing and medication use in older adults. Methods: A literature review was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed to identify topics relating to the objective. Results: Older adults undergo changes with age that cause medications to work differently. Various prescribing criteria for older adults have been published and nearly 25% of ambulatory older adults were prescribed at least one inappropriate medication. Numerous prescribing and medication use interventions have been identified to reduce these preventable prescribing errors. Conclusion: The published prescribing criteria should be used as a general guideline for prescribing in older adults. Each older adult reacts to medications differently, so prescribers should use clinical judgment and the rule “go low and go slow” to avoid adverse effects. In addition, interventions should be used in combination to achieve appropriate prescribing and medication use in older adults.
New Economic Geography Reloaded: Localized Knowledge Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation

Despite the increasing and newly inspired interests in geographical economics and industry location theory, the majority of existing New Economic Geography models ignores the interdependence between spatial concentration, knowledge diffusion, invention and growth. For this reason, the paper exclusively surveys the emergence and development of New Economic Geography Growth models in the context of the existing geography of innovation literature. The first part of the paper contributes with a classification of first- and second-nature causes of agglomeration and clustering. This part will also discriminate between static and dynamic externalities. Therefore, the chapter particularly compiles the differences between urbanization and localization externalities, and MAR, Jacobian and Porter externalities. A second concern of the paper is to highlight the modeling peculiarities of New Economic Geography Growth models. Besides approaching the main differences and similarities between first- and second-generation NEG models, the paper additionally reviews and discloses complemental contributions to the geography of innovation literature in the course of time. For this purpose, the paper examines in a meta-study 61 empirical contributions, which are related to the knowledge production function, the concept of spatial dependence and knowledge spillovers. The meta-study is complemented by bibliometric research. The paper ultimately concludes that the empirical studies that are related to the concept of (localized) knowledge spillovers and spatial association have caused a fundamental upgrading of the New Economic Geography literature towards non-pecuniary externalities. Consequently, the paper shows that recently developed second-generation NEG models offer alternative backward and forward linkages, which similarly determine centripetal and centrifugal forces, circular causality and finally the geography of innovation.