Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Current Youth Sport Landscape: Identifying Critical Research Issues

Youth sport participation has been found to have many beneficial physical, psychological, and social consequences, as well as risks for those involved. If the benefits are to outweigh the detriments, youth sport must be thoughtfully constructed. Research can play a major role in understanding how to positively structure youth sport. This paper describes how the youth sport landscape has changed over the past 4 decades and how these changes may influence the outcomes of involvement. Critical issues of contemporary concern in youth sport that urgently need scientific attention include physically based issues (e.g., role of youth sport in combating physical inactivity, youth sport injuries), psychological issues (e.g., reducing stress and burnout, enhancing young athletes’ mental health), access and structural issues (e.g., lack of opportunities for poor and less-skilled youth), sport culture issues (e.g., the professionalization of youth sport, child safety, maltreatment and bullying), issues associated with significant others (e.g., coach, sport parent, and peer influences and needs), economic issues (e.g., youth sport as business), governmental and legislative issues (e.g., the need to become more politically active in the setting of policy, legislation, and funding), and translational science and program-evaluation issues (e.g., the need for research dissemination and evaluation research).
Transient Receptor Potential Function in Bladder from Control and Streptozotocin Treated Rats

I Acknowledgements III Publications IV Chapter 1 General Introduction 1 1.1 Diabetes mellitus 1 1.1.1 Definition 1 1.1.2 Pathophysiology 2 1.1.3 Genetic influence 3 1.1.4 Epidemiology 4 1.1.5 Diagnosis 4 1.1.6 Treatments 6 1.1.7 Complications of diabetes 9 1.1.7.1 Acute complications 9 1.1.7.2 Chronic complications 11 1.1.8 Animal models of diabetes 11 1.1.9 The effect of streptozotocin on rodent bladder function 12 1.2 Urinary bladder 14 1.2.1 Anatomy and physiology 14 1.2.2 Neurophysiology 16 1.2.2.1 Parasympathetic nerves 17 1.2.2.2 Sympathetic nerves 17 1.2.2.3 Somatic nerves 18 1.2.2.4 Afferent pathways 18 1.3 Diabetes and urinary bladder functions 19 1.4 Diabetes and colon functions 20 1.5 Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels 21 1.5. 1 Structure of TRP channels 21 1.5. 2 TRP subfamilies 22 1.5. 2.1 TRPC 23 1.5. 2.2 TRPV 24 1.5. 2.3 TRPM 26 1.5. 2.4 TRPA 27 1.5. 2.5 TRPML 27 1.5. 2.6 TRPP 28 1.5. 2.7 TRPN 28 1.5. 3 Physiological function of TRP channels 29 1.5. 4 Pathological function of TRP channels 29 1.6 TRP channels and urinary bladder functions 30 1.7 TRP channels and colon functions 34 1.8 Diabetes mellitus and TRP channel functions 36 1.9 Cholesterol and TRP channel functions 36 1.10 objectives 37 Table of
Intercropping legumes and intermediate wheatgrass increases forage yield, nutritive value, and profitability without reducing grain yields

Introduction Kernza intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a perennial grain and forage crop. Intercropping IWG with legumes may increase the forage yields and nutritive value but may compromise Kernza grain yields. The interaction between IWG and legumes depends on planting season, row spacing, and legume species. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of those management practices on Kernza grain yield, summer and fall forage yield and nutritive value, weed biomass and, the profitability of the cropping system in Wisconsin, USA. Methods In the spring and fall of 2017, we planted eight cropping systems at 38 and 57 cm of row spacing: four IWG monocultures [control without N fertilization or weed removal (IWG), hand weed removal (hand weeded), IWG fertilized with urea at rates of 45 or 90 kg ha−1], and four IWG-legume intercrops (IWG with alfalfa, Berseem clover, Kura clover, or red clover). Results and discussion Most of the intercropping systems were similar to IWG monoculture in grain (ranging from 652 to 1,160 kg ha−1) and forage yield (ranging from 2,740 to 5,190 kg ha−1) and improved the forage quality. However, for spring planted IWG, intercropped with red clover or alfalfa, the grain and forage yields were lower than the IWG monoculture (~80 and 450 kg ha−1, respectively). The best performing intercrops in the first year were Kura clover in the spring planting (652 kg Kernza grain ha−1, 4,920 kg IWG forage ha−1 and 825 kg legume forage ha−1) and red clover in the fall planting (857 kg Kernza grain ha−1, 3,800 kg IWG forage ha−1, and 450 kg legume forage ha−1). In the second year, grain yield decreased 84% on average. Overall, the profitability of the IWG legume intercropping was high, encouraging the adoption of dual-purpose perennial crops.
Using Concept Maps to Reveal Prospective Elementary Teachers' Knowledge of Buoyancy.

The purpose of this exploratory qualitative study was to investigate prospective elementary teachers’ conceptual understanding of buoyancy. Specifically, the study aimed to identify the scientifically accepted conceptions, and misconceptions that preservice teachers hold about buoyancy using an instructional intervention. Presently, there is a gap in the research literature concerning how preservice teachers understand floating and sinking as it relates to the scientific concept of buoyancy. Conceptions were analyzed using pre/post concept maps, and interviews. Findings showed that preservice teachers had scientifically accepted conceptions and misconceptions about buoyancy as a force and that both conceptions interacted with associated concepts of buoyancy (gravity, weight, mass, density, etc.). Overall, preservice teachers showed a significant deficiency in their content knowledge of buoyancy at the end of the study. Implications include (1) the need for teacher educators to review the science content courses prospective teachers are required to take for certification; and, (2) the need for elementary teachers to understand the concept of buoyancy and all related concepts in order to develop and implement curricula related to the topic of buoyancy.
Hearing and vision in healthy older Australians: Objective and self-report measures

The full extent of hearing and vision impairments in older Australians and their effects on communication is not well known. The aims of the present study were to (1) determine the prevalence of hearing and vision impairments in a sample of older Australians, (2) investigate the nature of hearing and vision difficulties experienced in everyday life, and (3) compare the results obtained using objective and self-report assessments. The prevalence of hearing and vision impairments were 57% and 28% respectively, while 19% of participants had a dual sensory loss. More participants reported vision difficulties (35%0 than had a measured impairment, whereas the percentage of participants who reported hearing difficulties (55%) was similar to the prevalence of objectively measured hearing impairment. However, there was extensive "mismatching" in that participants reporting difficulty were frequently not those who had objectively measured impairment. The finding that approximately one in five older Australians has a dual sensory loss highlights the need to assess both hearing and vision in older people in order to provide appropriate rehabilitation. The results also indicate that these sensory conditions should be evaluated both objectively and subjectively in order to obtain accurate and complete information about an individual’s performance.
Weighted gene co-expression network reveals driver genes contributing to phenotypes of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and immune checkpoint identification for therapeutic targets

Background Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but extremely malignant tumor, with a rapid growth rate and early metastasis thus leading to poor survival of patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying these aggressive traits of ATC remain unknown, which impedes the substantial progress in treatment to prolong ATC patient survival. Methods We applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify ATC-specific modules. The Metascape web and R package clusterProfiler were employed to perform enrichment analysis. Combined with differentially expressed gene analysis, we screened out the most potential driver genes and validated them using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and triple immunofluorescence staining. Results A gene expression matrix covering 75 normal samples, 83 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 26 follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), 19 poor-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), and 41 ATC tissue samples were integrated, based on which we detected three most potential ATC-specific modules and found that hub genes of these modules were enriched in distinct biological signals. Hub genes in the turquoise module were mainly enriched in mitotic cell cycle, tube morphogenesis, and cell differentiation, hub genes in the magenta module were mainly clustered in the extracellular matrix organization, positive regulation of cell motility, and regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, while hub genes in the blue module primarily participated in the inflammatory response, innate immune response, and adaptive immune response. We showed that 9 top genes, 8 transcription factors (TFs), and 4 immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) were differentially expressed in ATC compared to other thyroid samples and had high diagnostic values for ATC, among which, 9 novel ATC-specific genes (ADAM12, RNASE2, CASP5, KIAA1524, E2F7, MYBL1, SRPX2, HAVCR2, and TDO2) were validated with our clinical samples. Furthermore, we illustrated that ADAM12, RNASE2, and HAVCR2 were predominantly present in the cytoplasm. Conclusion Our study identified a set of novel ATC-specific genes that were mainly related to cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, which might throw light on molecular mechanisms underlying aggressive phenotypes of ATC and provide promisingly diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Isokinetic assessment of hip muscle concentric strength in normal subjects: A reproducibility study

The purpose of this study was to assess hip muscle performance in the three anatomical planes and to assess the reproducibility of measurements using isokinetic dynamometry. Twenty-eight symptom free amateur sportsmen students (11 females, 17 males), performed three consecutive isokinetic evaluations of both hips at 60 and 120 ◦ /s. Nine male subjects performed a test-retest protocol. Reproducibility was reported using different statistical methods such as intraclass correlation coefficients, mean difference, standard error and 95% confidence intervals. Compared to the women's PT, men scored significantly higher in all velocities with the generally expected torque-velocity relationships. No dominance effect was noted. Significant differences between agonist and antagonist muscle performance were also indicated. The agonist/antagonist ratios ranged 0.74-1.48 and were significantly influenced by velocity with a significant inter-group difference at 120 ◦ /s. Results based on the test-retest paradigm indicate caution in the interpretation of the peak torque (PT).
Pathway to care for postnatal depression after implementation of the Comprehensive Child Development Service in a regional hospital in Hong Kong

Introduction: The Comprehensive Child Development Service (CCDS) launched in Hong Kong in 2005 aimed to identify and manage postnatal depression early. Under the CCDS, postnatal women are screened routinely for depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the pathway to care for postnatal depression after the implementation of CCDS.
Olympic Games-Related Values and Host Country Residents’ Pre-event Evaluations in the Run-Up to the 2016 Olympic Games

Abstract The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived values in relation to the Olympic Games and individuals’ attitudes toward, and intended support of hosting the Olympic Games in their home country, depending on the levels of perceived corruption within the International Olympic Committee (IOC). A representative sample from Brazil (n = 1,145) was surveyed in 2015 and gave their pre-event evaluations of hosting the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. The results showed that the value dimension ‘achievement in competition’ (a self-centered value dimension) reduced favorable evaluations, particularly when the IOC was perceived as corrupt. In contrast, ‘appreciation of diversity’ and ‘friendly relations with others’ (two other-centered value dimensions) increased favorable evaluations, independent of the levels of perceived corruption of the IOC. Therefore, perceived corruption within the IOC is an important moderator of the relationship between ‘achievement in competition’ and individuals’ attitudes toward the Olympic Games and their intended support. The findings of the study have important implications for the Olympic Movement and Olympic education programs. It is recommended that stakeholders promote other-centered value perceptions and de-emphasize self-centered value perceptions, as well as lower people’s perception of the IOC as a corrupt institution.
Driving ability and predictors for driving performance in Multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review

Objective To provide an overview of the evidence on driving ability in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), specifically to (i) study the impact of MS impairment on driving ability and (ii) evaluate predictors for driving performance in MS. Methods To identify relevant studies, different electronic databases were screened in accordance with PRISMA guidelines; this includes reference lists of review articles, primary studies, and trial registers for protocols. Furthermore, experts in the field were contacted. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-texts to identify relevant articles targeting driving in people with MS that investigated driving-related issues with a formal driving assessment (defined as either an on-road driving assessment; or naturalistic driving in a car equipped with video cameras to record the driving; or a driving simulator with a steering wheel, a brake pedal, and an accelerator). Results Twenty-four publications, with 15 unique samples (n = 806 PwMS), were identified. To assess driving ability, on-road tests (14 papers) and driving simulators (10 papers) were used. All studies showed moderate to high study quality in the CASP assessment. About 6 to 38% of PwMS failed the on-road tests, showing difficulties in different areas of driving. Similarly, PwMS showed several problems in driving simulations. Cognitive and visual impairment appeared to most impact driving ability, but the evidence was insufficient and inconsistent. Conclusion There is an urgent need for more research and standardized guidelines for clinicians as one in five PwMS might not be able to drive safely. On-road tests may be the gold standard in assessing driving ability, but on-road protocols are heterogeneous and not infallible. Driving simulators assess driving ability in a standardized way, but without standardized routes and driving outcomes, comparability between studies is difficult. Different aspects, such as cognitive impairment or vision problems, impact driving ability negatively and should be taken into consideration when making decisions about recommending driving cessation. Systematic review registration Identifier [10.17605/OSF.IO/WTG9J].
Análise do impacto da agregação dos fluxos IP nos algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina supervisionado voltados para a detecção de intrusão

O aprendizado de máquina tem sido utilizado na segurança cibernética para suprir as limitações das técnicas de identificação de padrões no tráfego de rede. A existência de inúmeros algoritmos na literatura faz com que a escolha de qual é o mais adequado para a detecção de intrusão, não seja uma tarefa trivial. Neste trabalho é realizada uma análise comparativa de 6 algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina supervisionado avaliando o impacto da agregação dos fluxos IP nas predições, tempo de treinamento e teste. Os experimentos mostraram que o método de agregação melhora a classificação e reduz o tempo de processamento dos modelos. Nas análises realizadas, o Decision Tree obteve o melhor equilíbrio nos resultados.
Differences in the moderating role of supervisors’ and subordinates’ cognition on distributive justice in the relationship between psychological contract and organizational identification

Introduction In the process of social exchange between employees and organizations, psychological contract, organizational identification, and cognition on distributive justice are closely related and have a common psychological basis, that is, the reciprocity of exchange. The question of how a sense of fairness can affect employees’ psychology and behavior has attracted the attention of scholars and managers. Methods The predictive role of psychological contract on organizational identification and the moderating role of supervisors’ and subordinates’ cognition on distributive justice in it were investigated. A paired sample of 133 supervisors and 437 direct reports collected from private service-based SMEs was analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results (1) relational psychological contract had a positive predictive effect on organizational identification and transactional psychological contract had a negative predictive effect on organizational identification; (2) subordinates’ cognition on distributive justice played a moderating role in the prediction of psychological contract to organizational identification, and supervisor’s cognition on distributive justice on subordinate’s psychological contract and organizational identification did not reach a significant level. Discussion This indicates that there was a significant difference between supervisors’ and subordinates’ cognition on distributive justice.
Cómo interpretar los “Niveles de Evidencia” en los diferentes escenarios clínicos

, pero su desarrollo, como seconoce en la actualidad, se origino con la creacionen 1976 de la Canadian Task Force on PreventiveHealth Care (CTFPHC), quienes fueron los prime-ros en generar y organizar los niveles de evidenciay los grados de recomendacion para pacientesasintomaticos, indicando cuales procedimientos eranlos mas adecuados y cuales debian ser evitados
Learning, study and review methods 101: a fun way to learn and study complex theoretical content

This paper examines the development and implementation of a collaborative/game-based study format in a university context and the benefits gained by the students involved. The research project compared the established delivery format of lectures and tutorials with an alternative delivery format involving collaborative learning and games-based study tools. It examined the differences that these formats had on student learning outcomes for the heavily theoretical content of the Human-Computer Interaction in Multimedia (HCI) unit, as part of the Multimedia Bachelor Degree at Monash University. A collaborative/game-based study format was developed to provide an interactive learning environment that allowed the students to explore the unit content using a variety of tools and resources, such as textbooks, internet, and discussion groups. To verify understanding, students contributed questions, based on the content researched, to the game-based study tools designed to enhance the study and review process. The treatment compared the results of students in each group (traditional vs collaborative) to their performance scores in a pre-test and post-test of the content area (short-term retention) and the results of the semester examination (long-term retention). Data gathered by survey was used to ascertain student opinions regarding both methods.
Significance of Sacral Index in Estimation of Sex in Sacra of Cadavers in Punjab

In the identification of sex in human skeletal remains, Sacrum is an important bone for identification of sex in human skeletal system. Since it is a component of axial skeleton and because of its contribution to the pelvic girdle and in turn to the functional differences in the region between the sexes, it has an applied importance in determining sex with the help of measurements carried upon it. Over the years different authors had carried various types of measurements on human sacra of different races and regions. A study for sexing of sacra was carried on 40 sacra (20 male & 20 female sacra) in Punjab. The method used was sacral index. The measuring instrument used was sliding vernier calliper. All the sacra taken were normal. The sacral index of sacra its mean and standard deviations were calculated. Then calculated range (mean + 3S.D.) and demarking points (DP) of both the parameters and the percentage of bones in which sex could be identified by them was also calculated. The results were compared with the available literature. It was found that D.P. of sacral index was very reliable in sexing of sacra.
Interval Observers Fault Detection for Linear Parameter Varying Systems with H- Fault Sensitivity

A fault detection (FD) method for a class of discrete-time Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) systems with sensor faults and measurement noise is proposed in this paper. Then, an interval FD observer is studied using $L_{\infty}$ performance to minimise the uncertainties effects and to improve the estimation accuracy. Furthermore, $\mathcal{H}_{-}$ performance is considered in order to calculate the sensitivity of the residual to sensor faults and a FD decision is set to indicate their presence. The validity of the proposed methodology is demonstrated using a numerical example.
Coupled Ethical-Epistemic Analysis as a Tool for Environmental Science

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new model for how to jointly analyze the ethical and evidentiary dimensions of environmental science cases, with an eye toward making science more participatory and publically accountable. To do so, it adapts and expands the existing model of ‘coupled ethical-epistemic analysis,’ developed by Tuana and extended by Katikireddi and Valles. This model is contrasted with the existing literature on the relationship between ethical and epistemic features of philosophical analysis. The model is then applied to two case studies, the Flint, Michigan water contamination crisis and the Menabe, Madagascar Payment for Ecosystem Services conservation program.