Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A modified moving element free Petrov_Galerkin viscous method

Moving meshless methods are a new generation of numerical methods for time-dependent PDEs, specially tailored to handle shocks or regions with large gradients. These methods link the moving finite element method (MFE) with meshless methods, where instead of hat functions, bases derived from any meshless methods can be used. An initial distribution of mesh points is found using a suitable monitor function based on the equidistribution principle. A penalty is appended to the energy functional to prevent high mesh velocity and collisions of nodes. Here, we employ a decreasing function of the distance between particles as the viscosity function. We develop a modified version of an algorithm developed earlier, the Moving Element-Free Petrov-Galerkin Viscous Method (MEFPGVM), which combines moving finite element (MFE) and element-free Galerkin (EFG) methods, along with initial mesh equidistribution. Numerical solutions for the 1–D Burgers’ and Korteweg-de Vries equations demonstrate the accuracy of the numerical approximations.
A Review of Clinical Approach to a Patient with Tremor Disorder

Tremor disorder is the most common movement disorder encountered in neurology and general practitioner’s clinic. The misdiagnosis of a tremor syndrome is prevalent, leading to erroneous reporting and treatment of this condition. This is our endeavor to give a simplified approach to outline Tremor disorders by reviewing the published literature on it. We searched Electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library and ScopeMed with Mesh (Medical Subject Headings) terms “Tremor”, “Clinical features”, “Pathophysiology” and “treatment” from earliest possible date. Articles in any language especially those published in recent years were given preference. Tremor is classified into rest tremor and action tremor based on its presence on a different position of body parts. Action tremor is further categorized into postural, kinetic and intentional tremor. Resting tremor is classically seen in Parkinson’s disease. Essential tremor is the most common cause of postural tremor. Electromyography and accelerometer though helpful are complex tools to diagnose the tremor disorder. Tremor disorders should be approached systematically. We should proceed from the classification of tremor based on its presence in a different position of body parts. We need to corroborate clinical history, examination findings, and appropriate investigation report to reach the final etiological diagnosis of the tremor disorder.
Dynamic measurement of local displacements within curing resin-based dental composite using optical coherence elastography

Abstract. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using optical coherence elastography to measure internal displacements during the curing phase of a light-activated, resin-based composite material. Displacement vectors were spatially mapped over time within a commercial dental composite. Measurements revealed that the orientation of cure-induced displacement vectors varied spatially in a complex manner; however, each vector showed a systematic evolution with time. Precision of individual displacements was estimated to be ∼1 to 2 μm, enabling submicrometer time-varying displacements to be detected.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

Funding information Grant sponsor: D.S.N. is supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH/NINDS) under award R01NS088040. V.G. K. is supported by German Research Foundation (DFG), grant KI 1089/3-2. S.N. J. is supported by the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation’s University Investment Grant (MINDLab), and by the Lundbeck Foundation R83-A7548 Mapping tissue microstructure with MRI holds great promise as a noninvasive window into tissue organization at the cellular level. Having originated within the realm of diffusion NMR in the late 1970s, this field is experiencing an exponential growth in the number of publications. At the same time, model-based approaches are also increasingly incorporated into advanced MRI acquisition and reconstruction techniques. However, after about two decades of intellectual and financial investment, microstructural mapping has yet to find a single commonly accepted clinical application. Here, we suggest that slow progress in clinical translation may signify unresolved fundamental problems. We outline such problems and related practical pitfalls, as well as review strategies for developing and validating tissue microstructure models, to provoke a discussion on how to bridge the gap between our scientific aspirations and the clinical reality. We argue for recalibrating the efforts of our community toward a more systematic focus on fundamental research aimed at identifying relevant degrees of freedom affecting the measured MR signal. Such a focus is essential for realizing the truly revolutionary potential of noninvasive three-dimensional in vivo microstructural mapping.
MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE WITH INTEGRATED ANTIBODY ARRAYS FOR CELL SIGNALLING ANALYSIS

In this paper we present the integration of protein arrays with a microfluidic device for analysis of cell signaling pathways. The device is capable of performing all the steps needed in que-signal response analysis of signaling pathways, including cell stimulus, cell lysis and protein analysis. The integration of protein arrays is realized with little additional complexity to the device fabrication process. Quantitative data on the dynamics of cell signaling induced by different stimuli (ques) requires large sets of self-consistent and dynamic measures of protein activities, concentrations, and states of modification. The labor intensive nature of these experiments strongly limits the amount of data available. We have previously presented a microfluidic segmented flow device that could achieve rapid stimulus and lysis of cells (1)(2). The device had an integrated thermal control set-up for optimal performance during stimulus and lysis. However, analysis of the cell lysates were performed off-chip using quantitative western blotting, limiting the throughput and automation that can be achieved with the device. By on-chip integration of protein arrays with the previously presented device a highly integrated microfluidic device for the analysis of cell signaling has been realized.
Indigenous knowledge of termite control: A case study of five farming communities in Gushegu District of Northern Ghana

The study was conducted in five communities selected at random in the Gushegu-Karaga district of northern region of Ghana. The objective was to identify suitable and sustainable indigenous methods adopted by resource poor farmers for termite control. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 20 farmers in each of the selected communities who practiced indigenous termite control methods. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed. There was one female and the remaining 99 were males who had applied various indigenous treatments on their crop fields against termite infestation. The study recorded a total of 24 termite species, which varied in presence at each locality, with a few serious pest species damaging agricultural products such as maize, yam, millet, and other natural resources in the area. Five termite prevention and control methods were identified: (i) burial of plant and animal materials, (ii) application of wood ash, (iii) application of a mixture of salt and Shea butter residue, (iv) planting of elephant grass and (v) ‘banchi’ methods. Planting of elephant grass was found to be the most common method used by the farmers, while burial of plant and animal materials was found to be the most effective method of termite control in the area. Despite their well known role as pests, termites are considered important in the area because they provide necessary ecosystem services.
Cell-Sorting System A Negative Dielectrophoresis and Gravity-Driven Flow-Based High-Throughput and High-Efficiency

We present a negative dielectrophoresis (n-DEP)–based cell separation system for high-throughput and high-efficiency cell separation. To achieve a high throughput, the proposed system comprises macro-sized channel and cantilever-type electrode (CE) arrays (L × W × H = 150 μm × 500 μm × 50 μm) to generate n-DEP force. For high efficiency, double separation modules, which have macro-sized channels and CE arrays in each separation module, are employed. In addition, flow regulators to precisely control the hydrodynamic force are allocated for each outlet. Because the hydrodynamic force and the n-DEP force acting on the target cell are the main determinants of the separation efficiency, we evaluate the theoretical amount of hydrodynamic force and n-DEP force acting on each target cell. Based on theoretical results, separation conditions are experimentally investigated. Finally, to demonstrate the separation performance, we performed the separation of target cells (live K562) from nontarget cells (dead K562) under conditions of low voltage (7Vp-p with 100 kHz) and a flow rate of 15 μL•min, 6 μL•min, and 8 μL•min in outlets 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The system can separate target cells with 95% separation efficiency in the case of the ratio of 5:1 (live K562:dead K562).
SIR of type 1 diabetes among second immigrations by parental birth region Parental birth region One parent from abroad Both parents from abroad

Center for Primary Health Care Research (J.J., J.S.), Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Center for Family and Community Medicine (K.H., K.S.), Karolinska Institute, SE-141 83 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology (K.H.), German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; and Stanford Prevention Research Center (J.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
The Relationship between El Niño and the Duration and Frequency of the Santa Ana Winds of Southern California

Abstract This study examines the variability of the duration and frequency of Santa Ana winds due to El Niño over a thirty-three-year period. Daily Weather Maps and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis were used to study large-scale upper-level and surface circulation patterns during wind events. A Student's t-test was used to determine statistically significant changes in the winds during March of El Niño winters. A significant decrease in the duration and frequency of wind events was found in March during El Niño. This can be attributed to the decrease in strength and frequency of the Great Basin high pressure and the increase in wintertime cyclones in southern California.
A Comparative Analysis of MongoDB and Cassandra A thesis presented for the degree of Master of Science

NoSQL is a group of database technologies that emerged due to the limitations of relational databases. The number of NoSQL technologies has increased over time to encompass hundreds of different technologies. The many NoSQL databases are, unlike relational databases, not based on a standardised data model, query language, or a common way of thinking. Also, the NoSQL field brings forth some new concepts and challenges that were not present in the relational context. It can, therefore, be difficult to choose the right NoSQL technology for a particular application. This thesis analyses and compares two specific NoSQL database systems, MongoDB and Apache Cassandra, to simplify the selection process. There are several important factors to consider when deciding on a NoSQL technology. The purpose of this comparison is to outline what factors are useful to consider when selecting a technology. The discussion is mostly based on an extensive literature review. In the end, several factors were stressed, like the potential technology’s data model, CAP classification, and available documentation, to name a few.
Pathway of Lung Cancer Cells-Catenin β APC Interaction in Modulating Wnt / − to Identify LKB 1 Utilization of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Analyses

STK11/LKB1, a serine/threonine protein kinase and tumor suppressor, is a key upstream kinase of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which is a kinase involved in controlling cell polarity and maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. LKB1 is mutated in a significant number of Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) cases and sporadic cancers, and is most frequently mutated in lung adenocarcinomas; however, little is known about how LKB1 is involved in lung cancer progression. In this study, immunoprecipitation-HPLC tandem mass spectrometry (IP-LC-MS/MS) was performed to identify novel proteins interacting with LKB1 in lung cancer. Interestingly, many LKB1-interacting proteins acquired from the LC-MS/MS approach were mapped, usingMetaCore pathway analysis, to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activation pathway. Moreover, it was determined that LKB1 directly interacts with APC, and this LKB1–APC interaction was further confirmed by reverse immunoprecipitation assays, but GSK3b was dispensable for the association of LKB1 and APC. Importantly, LKB1 binds to APC to suppress the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway, which is known to be involved in cell proliferation and migration. Subsequent analysis of the downstream targets of the Wnt/TCF pathway led to the identification of several Wnt-regulated genes, such as CD44, COX-2, survivin, and c-Myc, whose expression levels are downregulated by LKB1. In summary, these results demonstrate that LKB1 regulates the Wnt pathway through a direct interaction with APC to suppress the tumorigenic/metastatic potential of lung
Mathematical Modeling of Condensing on Metric Spaces

Abstract. This work aims to present an energy based model of the collective dynamics where local interactions between particles of a collection causes all particles to reorganize in new positions. The self-organizing phenomenon involved by singular local moves of individual particles leads to condensing. This model is analyzed on metric spaces, simulated on a ¯nite and in a continuous Euclidean subsets.
Effects of atmospheric water and surface wind on passive microwave retrievals of sea ice concentration: a simulation study

The atmospheric effects on the retrieval of sea ice concentration from passive microwave sensors were examined using simulated data typical for the Arctic summer. The simulation includes atmospheric contributions of cloud liquid water (CLW), water vapour (WV) and surface wind on the microwave signatures. A plane parallel radiative transfer model was used to compute brightness temperatures at SSM/I frequencies over surfaces that contained open water, first‐year (FY) ice, multi‐year (MY) ice and their combinations. Synthetic retrievals were performed using the NASA Team (NT) algorithm for the estimation of sea ice concentrations. Our results show that if the satellite sensor's field of view is filled with only FY ice, the retrieval is hardly affected by the atmospheric conditions because of the high contrast between emission signals from the FY ice surface and the atmosphere. Pure MY ice concentration is generally underestimated because of the low MY ice surface emissivity, which results in the enhancement of emission signals from the atmosphere. In marginal ice areas, the atmospheric and surface effects tend to degrade the accuracy at low sea ice concentrations. FY ice concentration is overestimated and MY ice concentration is underestimated in the presence of atmospheric water and surface wind at low ice concentration. Moreover, strong surface wind appears to be more important than atmospheric water in contributing to the retrieval errors of total ice concentrations over marginal ice zones.
Analysis of Differentiation Marker Proteins in Helper T Cell Subtypes, Th1 and Th2

Human helper T cells are divided into T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cells, which are known to have important roles in cell-mediated and humoral immunity, respectively. In the present study, we attempted to identify cell markers that can distinguish Th1 and Th2 cells using large-scale two-dimensional electrophoresis. Several proteins were found to be specifically and reproducibly expressed in each helper T cell subtype. Three proteins, which have molecular weights of 35000 (spot 1), 40000 (spot 2) and 49000 (spot 3) with pIs of 7.0, 7.0 and 6.3, respectively, were found only in Th1 cells, and the other three proteins, which have molecular weights of 32500 (spot 4), 38000 (spot 5) and 44000 (spot 6) with pIs of 6.5, 6.0 and 5.8, respectively, only in Th2 cells. Spots 1, 3 and 4 were found in both the membrane and the cytosol. Spots 2 and 5 were membrane proteins, while spot 6 was a cytosol protein. The molecular weight of spot 4 resembled that of ST2, which was reported to be a specific cell surface marker of Th2 cells. However, anti-ST2 antibody did not react with spot 4 at all. These results suggest that the proteins found in the present study are novel cell markers of Th1 and Th2 cells.
Small Cell Lung Cancer − in Non ATP Citrate Lyase : Activation and Therapeutic Implications

Enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism is one of the most common properties of malignant cells. ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key enzyme of de novo fatty acid synthesis responsible for generating cytosolic acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. To evaluate its role in lung cancer progression, we here analyzed ACLY expression in a subset of human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and showed a relationship with the phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase–Akt pathway. The introduction of constitutively active Akt into cells enhanced the phosphorylation of ACLY, whereas dominant-negative Akt caused attenuation. In human lung adenocarcinoma samples, ACLY activity was found to be significantly higher than in normal lung tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis further showed phosphorylated ACLY overexpression in 162 tumors, well-correlating with stage, differentiation grade, and a poorer prognosis. Finally, to show the therapeutic potential and mechanism of ACLY inhibition for lung cancer treatment, we assessed the effect of RNA interference targeting ACLY on lipogenesis and cell proliferation in A549 cells. ACLY inhibition resulted in growth arrest in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, increased intracellular lipids were found in ACLY knockdown cells, whereas de novo lipogenesis was inhibited. Supplementation of insulin could rescue the proliferative arrest elicited by ACLY inhibition; however, in contrast, fatty acid palmitate induced cell death. Taken together, these findings suggest that ACLY is involved in lung cancer pathogenesis associated with metabolic abnormality and might offer a novel therapeutic target. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8547–54]
Package metrics on Java projects Project in Computer Science-EDAN 70 January , 2015

A tool for calculating metric suits over both java source code and its belonging libraries has been implemented. As of this report the tool is able to use the Chidamber & Kemerer object-oriented metrics suite and the Martin Metric suite. A configuration file exist and is used to change the behavior of the calculations and its output. There also is an ignore file that can be used to ignore specific packages, these will not be included in the calculations. The tool has been implemented as extension to the JastAddJ compiler, and is therefore easily extended or modified. Evaluation proved that the tool have an acceptable evaluation time.
Profile of children with cerebral palsy attending outpatient physiotherapy clinics in southwest Nigeria

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a major cause of childhood disability. The objective of this study was to investigate the causes, types, severity, history of pregnancy, delivery, maternal care, demographic and clinical characteristics of children with CP and their parents as seen in outpatient physiotherapy clinics of the selected hospitals in Southwest Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of children with CP and their parents was conducted in twelve hospitals in Southwest Nigeria. Information about the participants was obtained from hospital case records, physical examination and interviews. Data were summarized using descriptive and Chi-square tests with Alpha level put at 0. 05. Two hundred and thirteen children with CP were seen, aged 18 months to 12 years, and most of them were male (59.2%). The majority (41.0%) of the mothers were in the age range of 28 to 33 years. Jaundice (39.9%), asphyxia (26.8%) and infection (17.4%) were the leading causes of CP and spastic CP was the most common type (81.7%). Quadriplegic CP presentation was predominant (67.1%), and leading co-morbidities were mental retardation (31%) and speech impairment (26.3%). About 50% of the children severely affected by CP fell within Levels 4 and 5 of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) of CP severity. It was concluded that cerebral palsy in Southwest Nigeria is mainly associated with jaundice, asphyxia and infections. Spastic cerebral palsy was most common and quadriplegic affectation was predominant. It is recommended that factors promoting perinatal problems should be curtailed. Keywords: cerebral palsy, jaundice, asphyxia, infections, childhood disabilities
Immediate andDelayed Recall 10 ) and executive functioning ( Trail Making Test Part B [ TMT-B ] , 11 Animal Fluency

Objective Compare cognitive and hippocampal volume trajectories in asymptomatic middle-aged and older adults with positive CSFmarkers of β-amyloid (Aβ) or tau to adults without an Alzheimer disease (AD)-associated biomarker profile. Methods Three hundred ninety-two adults enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study (Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention or Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center) completed a lumbar puncture and at least 2 biennial or annual neuropsychological evaluations. Cutoffs for Aβ42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau were developed via receiver operating characteristic curve analyses on a sample of 78 participants (38 dementia, 40 controls). These cutoffs were applied to a separate sample of 314 cognitively healthy adults (mean age at CSF collection = 61.5 years), and mixed-effects regression analyses tested linear and quadratic interactions of biomarker group × age at each visit on cognitive and hippocampal volume outcomes. Results Two hundred fifteen participants (69%) were biomarker negative (preclinical AD stage 0), 46 (15%) were Aβ+ only (preclinical AD stage 1), 25 (8%) were Aβ+ and tau+ (preclinical AD stage 2), and 28 (9%) were tau+ only. Both stage 1 and stage 2 groups exhibited greater rates of linear decline on story memory and processing speed measures, and nonlinear decline on listlearning and set-shifting measures compared to stage 0. The tau+ only group did not significantly differ from stage 0 in rates of cognitive decline. Conclusion In an asymptomatic at-risk cohort, elevated CSF Aβ (with or without elevated tau) was associated with greater rates of cognitive decline, with the specific pattern of decline varying across cognitive measures. From the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (L.R.C., S.A., S.C.J., C.M.C.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison; Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (L.R.C., S.E.B., D.N., B.B.B., S.A., S.C.J., C.M.C.), Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute (L.R.C., R.L.K., E.J., B.B.B., S.C.J., C.M.C.), Medical Scientist andNeuroscience Training Programs (S.E. B.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (D.N.), University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Medicine and Public Health; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), University College London, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK. Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article. Copyright © 2018 American Academy of Neurology 1 Copyright a 2018 American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Published Ahead of Print on March 9, 2018 as 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005291