Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Securing Processors from Time Side Channels

Author(s): Renau, J | Abstract: SoCs are required to maintain information private when requested by the Operating System (OS) or the application. From a high level point of view, there are time domains, typically processes or threads, and there should be no time information leak between them. At the same time, cores inside SoCs are supposed to be fast levering many predictors and resource sharing for efficiency. Using predictors like caches and branch predictors can have side effects that leak information across time domains. Specifically, the challenge is that the code executed by one time domain affects the performance of another. This time impact information leak can be exploited as a side channel attack. The goal of this work is to classify the different side channel \textbf{time} information leaks that result from different predictors available in typical high performance cores. The work focuses on side channels that result of changes in execution time, not other side channels like Electro-Magnetic Interference. The proposed classification points that time side effects or leaks can be due to program data, address, program counter, or just execution time. Each of those information leaks can happen during the speculative or the non-speculative execution. This work also goes over all the predictors in current out-of-order cores, and shows mechanisms to avoid the time-based information leak.
Cycle “ Myc-mediated transcription control of SAE 1 and PUMA loci in cancer and reprogramming

4 Introduction . 5 1.1 c-­‐Myc and its physiological function . 5 1.2 Myc-­‐induced apoptosis . 8 1.3 c-­‐Myc inhibits cell differentiation . 9 1.4 PUMA: p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis . 11 Aim . 12 Materials and Methods . 13 3.1 Cell culture and drugs . 13 3.2 Transfections and siRNA . 13 3.3 mRNA quantification by qPCR . 13 3.4 Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation . 14 3.5 Induced mammary stem cells. 14 Results and Discussion . 16 4.1 Myc and FOXO3a exert opposite control of PUMA transcription . 16 4.1.1 Myc contributes to the repression of PUMA and GADD45a expression following growth stimulation . 16 4.1.2 FOXO3a and Myc occupancy on PUMA and GADD45a chromatin is mutually exclusive . 19 4.1.4 Myc does not interfere with p53 mediated activation of PUMA . 26 4.2. SUMO-­‐activating SAE1 transcription is positively regulated by Myc 27 4.3 PUMA and SAE1: two Myc targets in mouse mammary cells . 30 4.3.1 PUMA and SAE1 expression after reprogramming of homogeneous mouse mammary cells into stem cells mediated by Myc . 33 Conclusions . 35 Bibliography . 37
Evaluation of the performance of image classification methods in the identification of vegetation

Orbital imaging techniques offer comprehensive coverage of different regions for numerous environmental and socioeconomic applications, revealing the spatial characteristics and land use of those regions. The advantages of remote sensing include its ability to record spatial distribution patterns, and spectral and temporal data over large regions. The objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of different multispectral image classification methods in the selection of general vegetation, based on a set of samples taken from a LandSat 8 image. The quality of multispectral images and their final classification is usually evaluated based on the Kappa index, which is used as the quality standard in many remote sensing software programs. The classification methods chosen for this study were Parallelepiped, Maximum Likelihood, Mahalanobis Distance, and neural networks. The most suitable classification was used as standard and the other images were compared with it to determine the degree of similarity ranking (IS1x), defined as the percentage of pixels classified differently from those of the standard image. The IS1x was determined using a Matlab routine involving pixel subtraction between images. The results indicate that probability distribution methods are more suitable for discriminating vegetation types than other methods, and that some band combinations should be chosen.
The Field Of Lyman-Alpha Radiation plus Current Sheets and Physics of Different Zones of the Solar Atmosphere

The solution of the problem of the Lyman-alpha radiation field in the solar atmosphere simultaneously with discovery of the current sheets (CS) in the Nature (on the Sun) have allowed by the author to revise both the available models of solar atmosphere and the heat nature of the corona. We distinguish four zones now in the external solar atmosphere, in their sequence and in their physical sense: photosphere, transition zone, chromosphere, and corona. Now, it is believed that coronal plasma temperature has exceeded of million degrees. Our results indicate the structure of the corona composed of multiple non-thermal jets of the CS that change the very notion of the term of temperature. The corona is transparent in all hydrogen lines of the Lyman series (the A case of Menzel approximation) and radiative processes take only place in excitation of hydrogen plasma. In the solar atmosphere physical conditions of any of zones are determined, in other equal conditions, by the hydrogen plasma density only. The corona begins when the density of plasma will decreased to nH <10 10 cm -3 . The chromosphere occupied the plasma density diapason of 10 10 < nH <10 14 cm -3 . The transition zone occupied the plasma density diapason of 10 14 < nH <10 18 cm -3 . In this zone the LTE is achieved into all hydrogen lines of the Lyman series (the B case of the Menzel approximation) and electron impact processes take only place in excitation of hydrogen plasma. Here discrete lines of absorption are formed (the Fraunhofer spectrum of the Sun). And all conditions for the creation of multiple vertical CS with directed streams ejections take place because the plasma gradient is presence. And when the density nH >10 18 cm -3 , the continuous spectrum of the Sun arises, which is the radiation spectrum of negative hydrogen ions. In a vertical current sheet, the plasma density gradient causes a sharp decrease in the thickness of the compressed CS layer up to zero to the its middle and it turns the CS into the piston with one-sided eject up of the plasma. Multiple set of such accelerated plasma flows up and provides seemingly "heat" of the corona.
Accuracy Assessment of Lidar Elevation Data Using Survey Marks

Abstract Airborne LiDAR has become the preferred technology for digital elevation data acquisition in a wide range of applications. The vertical accuracy with respect to a specified vertical datum is the principal criterion in specifying the quality of LiDAR elevation data. The quantitative assessment of LiDAR elevation data is usually conducted by comparing high-accuracy checkpoints with elevations estimated from the LiDAR ground data. However, the collection of a sufficient number of checkpoints by field surveying is a time-consuming task. This study used survey marks to assess the vertical accuracy of LiDAR data for different land covers in a rural area and explored the performance of different methods for deriving elevations from LiDAR data corresponding to the locations of checkpoints. Normality tests using both frequency histograms and quantile-quantile plots were performed for vertical differences between the LiDAR data and the checkpoints, so the appropriate methods were used for the vertical accuracy assessment of LiDAR data for different land cover categories. The results demonstrated the suitability of using survey marks as checkpoints for the assessment of the vertical accuracy of LiDAR data.
Abstract Background: Endoscopic surveillance for non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus is contentious and its cost-effectiveness unclear. Objective: To perform an economic analysis of endoscopic surveillance strategies. Design: Cost-utility analysis using a simulation Markov model to synthesize evidenc

Background: Endoscopic surveillance for non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus is contentious and its cost-effectiveness unclear. Objective: To perform an economic analysis of endoscopic surveillance strategies. Design: Cost-utility analysis using a simulation Markov model to synthesize evidence from large epidemiological studies and clinical data for surveillance, based on international guidelines, applied in a coordinator-managed surveillance program. Setting: Tertiary care hospital, South Australia. Patients: 2040 patient years of follow-up Interventions: 1) no surveillance, 2) 2-yearly endoscopic surveillance of patients with non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus and 6-monthly surveillance of patients with low-grade dysplasia, 3) a hypothetical strategy of biomarker-modified surveillance. Main outcome measures: US cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) ratios Results: Compared with no surveillance, surveillance produced an estimated incremental cost per QALY ratios of $60,858. This was reduced to $38,307 when surveillance practice was modified by a hypothetical biomarker-based strategy. Sensitivity analyses indicated the likelihood that surveillance alone was cost-effective compared with no surveillance was 16.0%, and 60.6% if a hypothetical biomarkerbased strategy was added to surveillance, at an acceptability threshold of $100,000 per QALY gained. Limitations: Treatment options for Barrett’s esophagus which overlap with those for symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux were omitted. Conclusions: Using best available estimates of the malignant potential of Barrett’s esophagus, endoscopic surveillance of patients with non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus is unlikely to be cost-effective for the majority of patients and depends heavily on the progression rates between dysplasia grades. However, strategies which modify surveillance according to cancer risk might be cost-effective, provided high-risk individuals can be identified and prioritized for surveillance. Take home message: Endoscopic surveillance of all patients with non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus may not be cost-effective. Although the biomarker strategy remains hypothetical, health economic modeling can be used to define the
The effect of the ratios of sulfur to peroxide in mixed vulcanization systems on the properties of dynamic vulcanized natural rubber and polypropylene blends

This study investigated the influence of various ratios of sulfur to peroxide during vulcanization on the rheological properties, morphology and crystallinity of natural rubber/polypropylene thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) blended at a fixed ratio of 60/40. The results show that the addition of peroxide into the mixed vulcanization system has an important effect on the properties of the TPVs as a result of two competing reactions which occur simultaneously in the natural rubber (NR) and the polypropylene (PP) phases. These are cross-link reactions of NR molecules with different cross-link patterns, crosslink density being caused by the proportions of sulfur and peroxide curing agents and the degradation of the PP through -chain scission. This causes significant variations in the phase morphology of the TPVs and the crystallization of the PP. Further, different trends of changes in properties were observed according to the peroxide content in the mixed vulcanization system. This study found that a ratio of 70/30 parts of sulfur to peroxide provided a better overall balance of properties of the NR/PP TPVs than those of TPVs produced using sulfur or peroxide alone or other ratios of mixed sulfur/peroxide vulcanization systems.
A Comprehensive Investigation of Flight and Duty Time Limitations and their Ability to Control Crew Fatigue

In commercial aviation, crew schedules are regulated by laws that define maximum duty time limits, flight time limits or minimum rest periods and other constraints. These rules and limits, collectively referred to as Flight Time Limitations or FTLs, were intended as a simple method of limiting and accounting for fatigue. The differences between FTL regulations around the world are significant and can affect, to varying extent, crew productivity as well as the levels of crew alertness.
INTELLIGENT AUTONOMOUS INFORMATION ACQUISITION AND SCENE UNDERSTANDING OVER LARGE SPACE

With the advances of technologies, the time is ripe for the development of an intelligent system for autonomous information acquisition and scene understanding (IASU) over large space. In this paper, we will present the basic structure, technologies investigated, technical fundamentals, and the scientific problems around its development. This topic is of academic interest and has potential for significant practical applications as well. This could be achieved through the combination of satellite
Soret Effect Study on High-Pressure CO2-Water Solutions Using UV-Raman Spectroscopy and a Concentric-Tube Optical Cell

Spatially resolved deep-UV Raman spectroscopy was applied to solutions of CO2 and H2O (or D2O), which were subject to a temperature gradient in a thermally regulated high-pressure concentric-tube Raman cell in an attempt to measure a Soret effect in the vicinity of the critical point of CO2. Although Raman spectra of solutions of CO2 dissolved in D2O at 10 MPa and temperatures near the critical point of CO2 had adequate signal-to-noise and spatial resolution to observe a Soret effect with a Soret coefficient with magnitude of |ST| > 0.03, no evidence for an effect of this size was obtained for applied temperature gradients up to 19oC. The presence of 1 M NaCl did not make a difference. In contrast, the concentration of CO2 dissolved in H2O was shown to vary significantly across the temperature gradient when excess CO2 was present, but the results could be explained simply by the variation in CO2 solubility over the temperature range and not to kinetic factors. For mixtures of D2O dissolved in scCO2 at 10 MPa and temperatures close to the critical point of CO2, the Raman peaks for H2O were too weak to measure with confidence even at the limit of D2O solubility.
Cross-Entropy Loss Leads To Poor Margins

Neural networks could misclassify inputs that are slightly different from their training data, which indicates a small margin between their decision boundaries and the training dataset. In this work, we study the binary classification of linearly separable datasets and show that linear classifiers could also have decision boundaries that lie close to their training dataset if cross-entropy loss is used for training. In particular, we show that if the features of the training dataset lie in a low-dimensional affine subspace and the cross-entropy loss is minimized by using a gradient method, the margin between the training points and the decision boundary could be much smaller than the optimal value. This result is contrary to the conclusions of recent related works such as (Soudry et al., 2018), and we identify the reason for this contradiction. In order to improve the margin, we introduce differential training, which is a training paradigm that uses a loss function defined on pairs of points from each class. We show that the decision boundary of a linear classifier trained with differential training indeed achieves the maximum margin. The results reveal the use of cross-entropy loss as one of the hidden culprits of adversarial examples and introduces a new direction to make neural networks robust against them.
On The Identification of the Simple Bilinear White Noise Process

Moments of the squares of simple bilinear process were determined under second order analysis for the purpose of identification and discriminating between bilinear process and linear white noise process. We showed how the variance of the bilinear white noise process can be used to distinguish it from the linear white noise process. The simulation results showed that the squared data of the bilinear white noise series fitted the ARMA(2, 1) model better than ARMA(1, 1) and MA(1)) models respectively.
The Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Due to Single-Step Austempered Heat Treatment in Nodular Cast Iron

Nodular cast iron comes to be the most used material in manufacturing industry. Recently, a number of engineering to enhance the mechanical properties of nodular cast iron have been being given including through the heat treatment called single-step austempered. In general, the process of single-step heat treatment is conducted through austenization at the temperature of 900°C with the holding time of 60 minutes and quenched at various austempered temperatures of 280, 310, and 340°C in the holding time of 60 and 120 minutes. The observation on fatigue crack behaviour was performed in comparison of stress R=0 and at 11-Hz frequency. From the result of the research, a graphic about relationship of crack length (a) and the number of cycles (N), and the graphic of the fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) with the stress intensity factor of (Δk). In addition, it is found that the single-step austempered heat treatment at the austempered temperature at 340°C with the holding time of 120 minutes showed a slower fatigue crack growth rate in comparison to the temperature and time below. The slowness of the fatigue crack growth rate was caused by the higher percentage of the pearlite matrix phase in comparison to the ferrite matrix, nodular distance, and the relatively even nodule distribution.
The Cellulolytic Bacteria R. albus for Improving the Efficiency of Microbial Fuel Cell

The current study has been undertaken to examine the beneficial effect in the power output of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) by adding cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus albus (R. albus) into the anodic chamber. Mediator-less H-type MFCs were set up where the anode chamber contained anaerobic digester microorganisms as inocula on finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) and the cathode chamber of 10mM phosphate buffered saline conductive solution, both separated by a cation exchange membrane. The functioning of the MFCs for generation of electrical power and the amounts of gaseous byproducts was monitored over a 9-day period. The addition of cellulolytic bacteria caused an increase of average power density from 7.9 m W/m2 to19.5 m W/m2, about 245% increase over a 9-day period. For both groups of MFCs; with R. albus and the control, the head space gases collected were methane and CO2. While the methane: CO2 ratios were found unchanged at 1.7:1 throughout the 9 days of operation, the total gas production increased from 248 mL to 319 mL due to the presence of R. albus addition. This study confirms that whereas the biocatalytic activity of anode microbial population determines the energy production, the addition of external cellulolytic bacteria into anode microbial population can improve and extend the biomass utilization.
Re-emphasis on Imaging of Acute Abdomen in Surgical and Gynaecological Practice with Pictorial Depictions: A Review

Acute abdomen is a clinical emergency with core symptomatology of acute abdominal pain and hallmark requisite of speedy intervention. There are myriads of aetio-genesis that are basically multi-disciplinary. Radiological imaging complements clinical examinations to arrive at meaningful diagnosis. Review Article Uduma et al.; BJAST, 8(1): 1-9, 2015; Article no.BJAST. 2015.181 2 Sometimes imaging becomes the major diagnostic alternative to the encumbrances of palpating a tender, rigid abdomen. Regrettably, despite the exploits of imaging, decision making process in some cases of acute abdomen could still be a major challenge, as no specific diagnosis may be made in these peculiar cases. Some common cases seen in our various practice are depicted pictorially in this text to drive home some essential points of acute abdomen.
Co-Registration Between Multisource Remote-Sensing Images

Abstract. Image registration is essential for geospatial information systems analysis, which usually involves integrating multitemporal and multispectral datasets from remote optical and radar sensors. An algorithm that deals with feature extraction, keypoint matching, outlier detection and image warping is experimented in this study. The methods currently available in the literature rely on techniques, such as the scale-invariant feature transform, between-edge cost minimization, normalized cross correlation, leasts-quares image matching, random sample consensus, iterated data snooping and thin-plate splines. Their basics are highlighted and encoded into a computer program. The test images are excerpts from digital files created by the multispectral SPOT-5 and Formosat-2 sensors, and by the panchromatic IKONOS and QuickBird sensors. Suburban areas, housing rooftops, the countryside and hilly plantations are studied. The co-registered images are displayed with block subimages in a criss-cross pattern. Besides the imagery, the registration accuracy is expressed by the root mean square error. Toward the end, this paper also includes a few opinions on issues that are believed to hinder a correct correspondence between diverse images.
A NEW APPROACH FOR AN INCREMENTAL ORIENTATION OF MICRO-UAV IMAGE SEQUENCES

Abstract. Civil applications for small size unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have become quite important in recent years and so have accurate orientation and navigation of these devices in unknown terrain. In this work we focus on on-line compatible positioning in facade observation based on monocular low resolution still images acquired by a camera mounted on a UAV. Also, a 3D point cloud of the facade is generated. This allows further processing steps, e.g. navigation assistance, collision avoidance or the evaluation of the point cloud density, verifying completeness of the data. To be able to deal with the increasing amount of observations and unknown parameters we implement an incremental bundle adjustment based on automatically determined tie points and sliding image triplets. The tripletwise orientation allows for an efficient double cross-check of the detected feature points and hence guarantees reliable initial values for the nonlinear bundle adjustment. The initial values are estimated within a convex formulation delivering a sound basis for the incremental adjustment. Our algorithm is evaluated by means of imagery we took of the facade of the Welfenschloss in Hannover, captured from a manually flown Microdrones md4-200 micro-UAV.We compare the orientation results of our approach with an approach in which initial values for the unknown object coordinates are computed algebraically.
Motivation and Criteria in Accepting New Music Talents on YouTube

— This quantitative study explored motivation of the public to use YouTube; and the elements of criteria, which the public are looking for to accept new talents on the User-Generated Content (UGC) sites. There are mass inputs on the net but the publics are still being very selective in accepting new talents. Thus, it is important to identify determinant factors that contribute to the acceptance of new talents on YouTube so it can be exemplary on other UGC sites. Due to time constraint, a total number of 236 respondents (n=236) have participated in this study using Simple Random Sampling. Data was collected using Google Forms and was analyzed with Descriptive Analysis. The findings of this paper advocate that tremendous expansion; and diversification offered by YouTube are among main factors that motivated public viewers in using YouTube on accepting new talents. It was also found that by being relatable and concurrently providing interesting contents, having the artist name and song title in the YouTube talent's title video and also the number of views and likes of the video are some of the criteria that the public are looking for in accepting new talents on the UGC sites. This paper introduces YouTube as a mean of discovering new talents in the music industry where the public, especially the younger generations, whom are actively engaged with current digital landscape that they've been presently silver-plated.