Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Husimi Maps in Lattices

We build upon previous work that used coherent states as a measurement of the local phase space and extended the flux operator by adapting the Husimi projection to produce a vector field called the Husimi map. In this article, we extend its definition from continuous systems to lattices. This requires making several adjustments to incorporate effects such as group velocity and multiple bands. Several phenomena which uniquely occur in lattice systems, like group-velocity warping and internal Bragg diffraction, are explained and demonstrated using Husimi maps. We also show that scattering points between bands and valleys can be identified in the divergence of the Husimi map.
Growth Hormone (GH) Crosses the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) and Induces Neuroprotective Effects in the Embryonic Chicken Cerebellum after a Hypoxic Injury

Several motor, sensory, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunctions are associated with neural lesions occurring after a hypoxic injury (HI) in preterm infants. Growth hormone (GH) expression is upregulated in several brain areas when exposed to HI conditions, suggesting actions as a local neurotrophic factor. It is known that GH, either exogenous and/or locally expressed, exerts neuroprotective and regenerative actions in cerebellar neurons in response to HI. However, it is still controversial whether GH can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and if its effects are exerted directly or if they are mediated by other neurotrophic factors. Here, we found that in ovo microinjection of Cy3-labeled chicken GH resulted in a wide distribution of fluorescence within several brain areas in the chicken embryo (choroid plexus, cortex, hypothalamus, periventricular areas, hippocampus, and cerebellum) in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In the cerebellum, Cy3-GH and GH receptor (GHR) co-localized in the granular and Purkinje layers and in deep cerebellar nuclei under hypoxic conditions, suggesting direct actions. Histological analysis showed that hypoxia provoked a significant modification in the size and organization of cerebellar layers; however, GH administration restored the width of external granular layer (EGL) and molecular layer (ML) and improved the Purkinje and granular neurons survival. Additionally, GH treatment provoked a significant reduction in apoptosis and lipoperoxidation; decreased the mRNA expression of the inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS); and upregulated the expression of several neurotrophic factors (IGF-1, VEGF, and BDNF). Interestingly, we also found an upregulation of cerebellar GH and GHR mRNA expression, which suggests the existence of an endogenous protective mechanism in response to hypoxia. Overall, the results demonstrate that, in the chicken embryo exposed to hypoxia, GH crosses the BBB and reaches the cerebellum, where it exerts antiapoptotic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative actions.
Antisymmetric field in string gas cosmology

We study how the introduction of a two-form field flux modifies the dynamics of a T-duality invariant string gas cosmology model of Greene, Kabat, and Marnerides which replaces the Newtonian-like kinetic terms in the dilaton gravity action by their relativistic counterparts. It induces a repulsive potential term in the effective action for the scale factor of the spatial dimensions. Without the two-form field flux, the Universe fails to expand when the pressure due to string modes vanishes. With the presence of a homogeneous two-form field flux, it propels three spatial dimensions to grow into a macroscopic four-dimensional space-time. We find that it triggers an expansion of a universe away from the oscillating phase around the self-dual radius. We also investigate the effects of a constant two-form field. We can obtain an expanding four-dimensional space-time by tuning it at the critical value.
MAGNESIUM-RICH EJECTA IN THE SNR G284.3–1.8 AROUND THE HIGH-MASS GAMMA-RAY BINARY 1FGL J1018.6–5856

We present results from two Chandra observations of the 16.6 day X-ray/γ-ray high-mass binary 1FGL J1018.6–5856 located at the center of the supernova remnant (SNR) G284.3–1.8. The binary spectra, separated by 0.25 in binary phase, are fit with an absorbed power-law model with Γ ≈ 1.7 − 1.8 ? > for both observations (the flux during the second observation is a factor of 1.7 smaller). In the high-resolution ACIS-I image we found a hint of extended emission ≈ 2 ″ ? > –3″ southeast of the binary, significant at the 3 &sgr; ? > level. Binary evolution codes reproduce the system’s observed properties with two massive stars with an initial 18 day period, undergoing mass transfer and leaving behind a heavy ≈ 2 ? > M ⊙ ? > neutron star. The initial mass of the progenitor star in this scenario is 27 ± 4 M ⊙ ? > . Chandra and XMM-Newton images of the remnant show it has a relatively low X-ray surface brightness. The two brightest regions of extended X-ray emission, with luminosities ∼ 10 33 ? > erg s−1 for d = 5 kpc, lie in the northern and western portions and show significantly different spectra. The northern patch is consistent with shocked ISM, with a low temperature and long ionization timescale. However, the western patch is dominated by ejecta, and shows significantly enhanced Mg content relative to other ejecta products. The abundance ratios inferred resemble those from the Large Magellanic Cloud remnant N49B. To our knowledge, this is only the second case of such Mg-rich ejecta found in an SNR. Nucleosynthesis models for core-collapse supernovae predict Mg-rich ejecta from very massive progenitors of > 25 ? > M ⊙ ? > .
A new network-based community detection algorithm for disjoint communities

: A community is a group of people that shares something in common. The definition of the community can be generalized as things that have common properties. By using this definition, community detection can be used to solve different problems in various areas. In this study, we propose a new network-based community detection algorithm that can work on different types of datasets. The proposed algorithm works on unweighted graphs and determines the weight by using cosine similarity. We apply a bottom-up approach and find the disjoint communities. First, we accept each node as an independent community. Then, the merging process is applied by using the modularity value as a stopping criterion. We use real datasets and evaluate the algorithm with modularity, normalized mutual information, and performance metrics. In addition, we test our algorithm by using central nodes. We also take into consideration the number of communities in the case they are known. The proposed algorithm has high modularity and accuracy in different datasets.
Conservation genetics of montane willow populations in Scotland—limited natural recovery despite long-distance gene flow and high genetic diversity

Plant species around the world are negatively affected by habitat fragmentation and climate change. Montane willow populations in the UK have declined primarily due to grazing, as well as climate change and muirburn in certain areas. Only small, isolated populations remain, scattered across steep ledges where shrubs escape most grazing animals. We explored the genetic effects of habitat fragmentation on gene flow and genetic diversity in the largest remaining patches in the UK, which lie in Scotland, for two now restricted and rare montane willow species—Salix myrsinites and Salix lapponum. Using ten microsatellite loci and an almost complete genetic inventory in the central Cairngorms area (S. myrsinites n = 186, S. lapponum n = 91) we showed that genetic diversity (heterozygosity and allelic richness) is relatively high in both species, particularly high for the decaploid S. myrsinites, and clonal reproduction low. Historic gene flow between populations could be demonstrated. Significant inbreeding was detected in both species and observed seed set and numbers of juveniles in the field are low, possibly indicating signs of inbreeding depression. Both species have extremely low numbers of individuals at each site, with many being smaller than ten, and in some cases combined with skewed sex-ratios (mainly female biased). This will likely cause more severe reproductive failures in the next generations unless population numbers are increased. Reinforcing populations of both species under low grazing pressure with new, unrelated individuals, as well as creating new stepping-stone populations will be necessary to help the recovery of these species. Results from this study will inform restoration work in Scotland aiming to create continuous woodland habitats from pinewoods at lower altitudes through to higher altitude downy birch woodlands merging with montane willows.
Pinning the Order: The Nature of Quantum Criticality in the Hubbard Model on Honeycomb Lattice

A new algorithm of quantum Monte Carlo simulations designed to detect very weak magnetic order allows high-resolution studies of the correlation between magnetic order and electrical insulation in Mott insulators. Specific investigations of the Hubbard model on honeycomb lattice---a paradigmatic model for Mott insulators---show that the correlation emerges through a continuous quantum phase transition belonging to a new universality class.
Enhanced Sub-ppm NO₂-Sensing Properties of SnS₂ Sheet Flowers Decorated With Au Nanoparticles at Near Room Temperature

Tin(IV) sulfide (SnS2) decorated by different levels of Au nanoparticles was successfully prepared by the solvothermal method, followed by in situ reductions. The Au nanoparticles were uniformly coated on the surface of SnS2 sheet flowers. Further gas-sensing test results show that the modified Au nanoparticles greatly enhanced the NO2-sensing performances of SnS2 sheet flowers. In particular, the sensor based on 0.5 wt% Au-SnS2 exhibited a high response of 13.2 toward 2 ppm NO2, which was 10.047-fold higher than that of the pristine SnS2 sensor at near room temperature (60 °C). Meanwhile, it also shows a curtate response and recovery time (45/148 s) and improved selectivity toward NO2 in comparison with pristine SnS2. The enhanced sensing mechanism of composites was probably due to the electronic and chemical sensitization of Au nanoparticles. The sensor based on 0.5 wt% Au-SnS2 presents huge advantages in detecting low-concentration NO2 at near room temperature.
Multi-projector system for dynamic scene platform of vehicle navigation evaluation

Experimental platforms are necessary to evaluate the performance of algorithms in different navigation scenarios. Physical platforms require materials and time to create a single experimental scenario. This approach becomes impractical for exhaustive evaluation in different scenarios because of the prohibitive increase of resources, time, and space. This paper proposes a multi-projector system to mitigate the time and cost by projecting dynamically designed scenes for vehicle navigation experiments. Theoretical principles of perspective projection and mosaicing are reviewed. The dynamic platform is presented for different vehicle navigation cases. The results show that the proposed approach is feasible for vehicle navigation evaluation.
Molecular detection of disease-causing agent infecting Malvastrum coromandelianum L. in Bahawalpur District Punjab Pakistan

Weeds are common ancestors of modern crops. They are critical source of genes for resistance to diseases, pests and stresses such as drought and extreme environmental conditions. The wild relatives led to improve resistance to wheat curl mite, late blight in potato and to grassy stunt disease in rice. Agricultural pathogens are infecting economically important cash crops and weeds as well. Malvastrum coromandelianum is highly invasive weed specie of family Malvaceae. It is distributed all over the world in all climatic condition of tropical, sub-tropical and temperate region. The Malvaceae family is economically important as cotton (Gossipium hirsutem) belongs to it. M. coromandelianum has ethnobotanical importance and is extensively applied in the treatment of different diseases in south Punjab of Pakistan. It has been observed that there is a specific disease that affects the leaves of M. coromandelianum. In this study, we investigated the disease-causing agents (viruses and bacteria) at molecular level. Molecular investigation includes DNA isolation of unknown pathogens, verification through agarose gel electrophoresis, for identification of bacterial pathogens, 16s RNA primers were applied, and for viral pathogen using specific primers and RCA (rolling circle amplification) product as template. PCR was carried out for the amplification of full-length genomes. Manifestation of 1.4 kb bands showed the presence of the alpha and beta satellite of begomoviruse. Two types of begomoviruses, Malvestrum yellow vain younnan virus (MaYVYV) and Malvastrum yellow vain virus (MaYVV) was confirmed in this weed. The intermediate host Bemisia tabaci is the most common for the begomovirus transmission in crops and weeds. Intercrops and trap-crops techniques decrease the rate of whitefly population. Cultural methods, use of chemicals and biocontrol are useful practices to eliminate whitefly from field.
Recovering 3D structural properties of galaxies from SDSS-like photometry

Because of the 3D nature of galaxies, an algorithm for constructing spatial density distribution models of galaxies on the basis of galaxy images has many advantages over approximations of the surface density distribution. We present a method for deriving the spatial structure and overall parameters of galaxies from images and estimate its accuracy and derived parameter degeneracies on a sample of idealised model galaxies. The test galaxies consist of a disc-like component and a spheroidal component with varying proportions and properties. Both components are assumed to be axially symmetric and coplanar. We simulate these test galaxies as if they had been observed in the SDSS project through ugriz filters, thus gaining a set of realistically imperfect images of galaxies with known intrinsic properties. These artificial SDSS galaxies were thereafter remodelled by approximating the surface brightness distribution with a 2D projection of a bulge+disc spatial distribution model and the restored parameters were compared to the initial ones. Down to the r-band limiting magnitude of 18, errors in the restored integral luminosities and colour indices remain within 0.05 mag and errors in the luminosities of individual components within 0.2 mag. Accuracy of the restored bulge-to-disc luminosity ratio (B/D) is within 40% in most cases, and becomes worse for galaxies with low B/D, but the general balance between bulges and discs is not shifted systematically. Assuming that the intrinsic disc axial ratio is ≤ 0.3, then the inclination angles can be estimated with errors < 5° for most of the galaxies with B/D < 2 and with errors < 15° up to B/D = 6. Errors in the recovered sizes of the galactic components are below 10% in most cases. The axial ratios and the shape parameter N of Einasto's distribution (similar to the Sérsic index) are relatively inaccurate, but can provide statistical estimates for large samples. In general, models of disc components are more accurate than models of spheroidal components for geometrical reasons.
New variational principles as alternatives to the Palatini method

A variational principle was recently suggested by Goenner, where an independent metric generates the spacetime connection. It is pointed out here that the resulting theory is equivalent to the usual Palatini theory. However, a bimetric reformulation of the variational principle leads to theories which are physically distinct from both the metric and the metric-affine ones, even for the Einstein-Hilbert action. They are obtained at a decoupling limit of C-theories, which contain also other viable generalizations of the Palatini theories.
HEATING AND ACCELERATION OF THE FAST SOLAR WIND BY ALFVÉN WAVE TURBULENCE

We present numerical simulations of reduced magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) turbulence in a magnetic flux tube at the center of a polar coronal hole. The model for the background atmosphere is a solution of the momentum equation and includes the effects of wave pressure on the solar wind outflow. Alfvén waves are launched at the coronal base and reflect at various heights owing to variations in Alfvén speed and outflow velocity. The turbulence is driven by nonlinear interactions between the counterpropagating Alfvén waves. Results are presented for two models of the background atmosphere. In the first model the plasma density and Alfvén speed vary smoothly with height, resulting in minimal wave reflections and low-energy dissipation rates. We find that the dissipation rate is insufficient to maintain the temperature of the background atmosphere. The standard phenomenological formula for the dissipation rate significantly overestimates the rate derived from our RMHD simulations, and a revised formula is proposed. In the second model we introduce additional density variations along the flux tube with a correlation length of 0.04 R⊙ and with relative amplitude of 10%. These density variations simulate the effects of compressive MHD waves on the Alfvén waves. We find that such variations significantly enhance the wave reflection and thereby the turbulent dissipation rates, producing enough heat to maintain the background atmosphere. We conclude that interactions between Alfvén and compressive waves may play an important role in the turbulent heating of the fast solar wind.
A Survey on Acoustic Positioning Systems for Location-Based Services

Positioning systems have become increasingly popular in the last decade for location-based services, such as navigation, and asset tracking and management. As opposed to outdoor positioning, where the global navigation satellite system became the standard technology, there is no consensus yet for indoor environments despite the availability of different technologies, such as radio frequency, magnetic field, visual light communications, or acoustics. Within these options, acoustics emerged as a promising alternative to obtain high-accuracy low-cost systems. Nevertheless, acoustic signals have to face very demanding propagation conditions, particularly in terms of multipath and Doppler effect. Therefore, even if many acoustic positioning systems have been proposed in the last decades, it remains an active and challenging topic. This article surveys the developed prototypes and commercial systems that have been presented since they first appeared around the 1980s to 2022. We classify these systems into different groups depending on the observable that they use to calculate the user position, such as the time-of-flight, the received signal strength, or the acoustic spectrum. Furthermore, we summarize the main properties of these systems in terms of accuracy, coverage area, and update rate, among others. Finally, we evaluate the limitations of these groups based on the link budget approach, which gives an overview of the system’s coverage from parameters such as source and noise level, detection threshold, attenuation, and processing gain.
Shell Model Predictions for Very Neutron-Rich Nuclei in 132SN Region : Interesting Features of Effective- Charge Revealed

Shell model studies have been done for very neutron - rich nuclei in the range Z=50-55 and N=82-87. Good agreement of the theoretical level spectra with the experimental one for N=82, 83 I and Te nuclei is shown. Then the results for three very neutron-rich nuclei 137Sn and 136-137Sb have been presented. The present calculation favour a 2- ground state for 136Sb instead of 1- identified through beta decay.Interesting observation about the E2 effective charges for this region has been discussed.
AN ACTIVE, ASYNCHRONOUS COMPANION TO A REDBACK MILLISECOND PULSAR

PSR J1723−2837 is a “redback” millisecond pulsar (MSP) with a low-mass companion in a 14.8 hr orbit. The system’s properties closely resemble those of “transitional” MSPs that alternate between spin-down and accretion-powered states. In this Letter, we report on long-term photometry of the 15.5 mag companion to the pulsar. We use our data to illustrate that the star experiences sporadic activity, which we attribute to starspots. We also find that the companion is not tidally locked and infer for the ratio between the rotational and orbital periods. Finally, we place constraints on various parameters, including the irradiation efficiency and pulsar mass. We discuss similarities with other redback MSPs and conclude that starspots may provide the most likely explanation for the often seen irregular and asymmetric optical light curves.
An Improved Multi-Objective Artificial Physics Optimization Algorithm Based on Multi-Strategy Fusion

The elements of the population of the artificial physics optimization (APO) algorithm are assigned mass, velocity, and displacement attributes. It is a new type of heuristic algorithm, but it still has defects such as low efficiency of non-dominated solution selection and unbalanced search capacity of global and local. This paper introduces the mechanism of improved fast non-dominant sorting and partition-guided individual evolution into the APO algorithm to overcome this imperfection. An improved multi-objective artificial physics optimization algorithm based on fast non-dominated sorting (IFNS-MOAPO) is proposed, which is the result of integrating numerous strategies into the APO algorithm. Firstly, an improved fast non-dominated sorting strategy is introduced. This strategy can increase the efficiency of selecting non-dominated solutions and decrease the running time of the algorithm. Secondly, the mechanism of individual evolution guided by partition is proposed. For individuals in infeasible and feasible domains, different mass functions and virtual force calculation rules are adopted to update the algorithm iteratively to boost the convergence performance. To verify the comprehensive performance of the IFNS-MOAPO algorithm, eleven benchmark test problems are selected for simulation experiments and compared with five algorithms in terms of runtime duration, Pareto front plots, and metric values. The results show that the IFNS-MOAPO algorithm has good distribution and can converge to the true Pareto front quickly. It is a useful tool for solving constrained multi-objective optimization problems (CMOPs).
Non-minimal Inflationary Attractors

Recently we identified a new class of (super)conformally invariant theories which allow inflation even if the scalar potential is very steep in terms of the original conformal variables. Observational predictions of a broad class of such theories are nearly model-independent. In this paper we consider generalized versions of these models where the inflaton has a non-minimal coupling to gravity with a negative parameter ξ different from its conformal value -1/6. We show that these models exhibit attractor behavior. With even a slight increase of |ξ| from |ξ| = 0, predictions of these models for ns and r rapidly converge to their universal model-independent values corresponding to conformal coupling ξ = −1/6. These values of ns and r practically coincide with the corresponding values in the limit ξ → −∞.
Modified virial formulae and the theory of mass estimators

We show how to estimate the enclosed mass from the observed motions of an ensemble of test particles. Traditionally, this problem has been attacked through virial or projected mass estimators. Here, we examine and extend these systematically, and show how to construct an optimal estimator for any given assumption as to the potential. The estimators do not explicitly depend on any properties of the density of the test objects, which is desirable as in practice such information is dominated by selection effects. As particular examples, we also develop estimators tailored for the problem of estimating the mass of the Hernquist or Navarro-Frenk-White dark matter haloes from the projected positions and velocities of stars.