Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and computational speech measures are associated with social cognition in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

In this study, we compared three domains of social cognition (emotion processing, mentalization, and attribution bias) to clinical and computational language measures in 63 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Based on the active inference model for discourse, we hypothesized that emotion processing and mentalization, but not attribution bias, would be related to language disturbances. Clinical ratings for speech disturbance assessed disorganized and underproductive dimensions. Computational features included speech graph metrics, use of modal verbs, use of first-person pronouns, cosine similarity of adjacent utterances, and measures of sentiment; these were represented by four principal components characterizing content-rich speech, insular speech, local coherence, and affirmative speech. We found that higher clinical ratings for disorganized speech predicted greater impairments in both emotion processing and mentalization, and that these relationships remained significant when accounting for demographic variables, overall psychosis symptoms, and verbal ability. Similarly, computational features reflecting insular speech also consistently predicted greater impairment in emotion processing. There were notable trends for underproductive speech and decreased content-rich speech predicting mentalization ability. Exploratory longitudinal analyses in a small subset of participants (n=17) found that improvements in both emotion processing and mentalization were predicted by improvements in disorganized speech. Attribution bias did not demonstrate strong relationships with language measures. Altogether, our findings are consistent with the active inference model of discourse and suggest greater emphasis on treatments that target social cognitive and language systems.
Toward a preventive approach to prolonged grief disorder in palliative care: Insecure attachment moderates the impact of perceived support on the severity of symptoms

Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the perceived support at the time of assistance, insecure attachment (i.e., avoidance and anxious attachment factors), and the prolonged grief symptoms in family caregivers of palliative care patients deceased for at least one year. We also investigated the moderating role of insecure attachment in the relationship between perceived support and intensity of prolonged grief symptoms. Method A sample of 157 participants completed the Prolonged Grief Scale (PG-13) and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Results Correlational analysis indicated that prolonged grief symptoms were positively correlated with the Avoidance attachment factor but not with the Anxious one. The perceived support was negatively related to both the Avoidance and the Anxious attachment factors. Lastly, the two insecure attachment factors were moderately and positively correlated with each other. Results of moderation analysis showed that the high Avoidance attachment moderated the effect of the perceived family and social support on the intensity of prolonged grief symptoms among family caregivers of patients assisted in palliative home care. Results also showed that the Anxious attachment factor had a significant effect on prolonged grief symptoms, even though the interaction with the perceived support was not significant. Conclusions Overall, these results underline that a high level of avoidance attachment may moderate the relationship between the perceived support and intensity of grief symptoms and thereby increasing the risk of developing a mental disorder. Intervention to prevent prolonged grief disorder among family caregivers should take into account these findings.
Analysis of instability of coal pillar and stiff roof system

Based on the winkler's hypothesis,the stiff roof was assumed as an elastic plate(It is totally different with the conventional idea that the stiff roof is assumed as an elastic beam) and the coal pillars were equal to continuously and uniformly distributed support springs,then the coal pillar and stiff roof interaction system was formed.It was also assumed that the coal pillar was a stain-softening medium which can be described by the approximate Weibull's distribution.Presented the instability mechanism of the stiff roof and the coal pillar interaction system by using the plate mechanics and the catastrophe theory,then the catastrophe mechanism of the system instability was gotten and the mathematical and mechanical instability criterion was given.At last,taking Majiliang coal mine as an example,a good agreement exists between the theoretical and experimental results.
Extraction of Active Medications and Adherence Using Natural Language Processing for Glaucoma Patients

Accuracy of medication data in electronic health records (EHRs) is crucial for patient care and research, but many studies have shown that medication lists frequently contain errors. In contrast, physicians often pay more attention to the clinical notes and record medication information in them. The medication information in notes may be used for medication reconciliation to improve the medication lists' accuracy. However, accurately extracting patient's current medications from free-text narratives is challenging. In this study, we first explored the discrepancies between medication documentation in medication lists and progress notes for glaucoma patients by manually reviewing patients' charts. Next, we developed and validated a named entity recognition model to identify current medication and adherence from progress notes. Lastly, a prototype tool for medication reconciliation using the developed model was demonstrated. In the future, the model has the potential to be incorporated into the EHR system to help with realtime medication reconciliation.
Reducing Physicians' Cognitive Load During Chart Review: A Problem-Oriented Summary of the Patient Electronic Record

Overabundance of information within electronic health records (EHRs) has resulted in a need for automated systems to mitigate the cognitive burden on physicians utilizing today's EHR systems. We present ProSPER, a Problem-oriented Summary of the Patient Electronic Record that displays a patient summary centered around an auto-generated problem list and disease-specific views for chronic conditions. ProSPER was developed using 1,500 longitudinal patient records from two large multi-specialty medical groups in the United States, and leverages multiple natural language processing (NLP) components targeting various fundamental (e.g. syntactic analysis), clinical (e.g. adverse drug event extraction) and summarizing (e.g. problem list generation) tasks. We report evaluation results for each component and discuss how specific components address existing physician challenges in reviewing EHR data. This work demonstrates the need to leverage holistic information in EHRs to build a comprehensive summarization application, and the potential for NLP-based applications to support physicians and improve clinical care.
Fast Analysis Method of Reactive Power Balancing and Critical Power Flow and Application to Study Controllable Shunt Reactors Requirement in UHV Grid

With the planning and constructing of the ultra high voltage(UHV) grid of China,the controllable shunt reactor(CSR) attracts more attentions as an important control measure for var and voltage.Therefore it is urgent to analysis and study the deployment of UHV CSRs scientifically.In the paper,firstly,the feasible var balance principles were proposed;secondly,the quantitive relationship between the var demand and active power going through the reactance element was analyzed in depth.Furthermore,only based on active power flow,the fast analysis method of substation-centered var balance and critical power flow was proposed and applied into the study of the deployment of the UHV CSR and its requirement and location.The method can not only be applied into the fast quantitive analysis of the given power flow pattern,but also can be used to obtain the relation curve between the critical power flow and the transformer load rate,thereby,the adaptability of the study conclusions to the various load levels and power flow patterns is increased.Finally,the requirement and the deployment of CSRs in UHV ‘Dongzong’ transmission project were studied with the proposed method,and the conclusions and recommended deployment schemes were given,which provides the technical basis for the pilot project of UHV CSR.
Creatine kinase‐MM concentration in dried blood spots from newborns and implications for newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Creatine kinase‐MM (CK‐MM) is a marker of skeletal muscle damage. Detection of elevated levels of CK‐MM in newborns can enable an early suspicion of the diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) before symptom onset. Our aim was to investigate CK‐MM levels in DMD‐affected and unaffected newborns using an immunoassay that measures CK‐MM concentration in dried blood spots collected for routine newborn screening.
The spiritual force of safety: effect of spiritual leadership on employees’ safety performance

Objectives. Workplace safety problems are often catastrophic. There are both external and internal factors that influence employee safety performance. Strengthening internal factors is crucial to enhancing safety performance. Methods. Through a sense-making perspective, in the present study the impact of spiritual leadership on employees’ career callings and safety performance was investigated, along with the moderating function of future work self-salience. A total of 339 paired leader–employee data were obtained. Results. Spiritual leadership significantly improved employee safety performance. Career callings served a mediating role between spiritual leadership and employee safety performance. The moderating effect of future work self-salience was significant. When future work self-salience was high, the influence of career callings on employees’ safety performance was greater. Conclusion. The present results indicated that spiritual leadership sense-giving influences the development of employees’ career sense and improves employees’ safety performance in regard to spiritual motivation and pursuing career callings. In the present article, a theoretical and practical basis is provided for the safe development of organizations and society.
MgrB-Dependent Colistin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Is Associated with an Increase in Host-to-Host Transmission

The biological cost associated with colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae was examined using a murine model of K. pneumoniae gut colonization and fecal-oral transmission. A common mutation resulting in colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae is a loss-of-function mutation of the small regulatory protein MgrB that regulates the two-component system PhoPQ. ABSTRACT Due to its high transmissibility, Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Here, we studied the biological cost of colistin resistance, an antibiotic of last resort, in this opportunistic pathogen using a murine model of gut colonization and transmission. Colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae is commonly the result of the inactivation of the small regulatory protein MgrB. Without a functional MgrB, the two-component system PhoPQ is constitutively active, leading to an increase in lipid A modifications and subsequent colistin resistance. Using an isogenic mgrB deletion mutant (MgrB−), we demonstrate that the mutant’s colistin resistance is not associated with a fitness defect under in vitro growth conditions. However, in our murine model of K. pneumoniae gastrointestinal (GI) colonization, the MgrB− colonizes the gut poorly, allowing us to identify a fitness cost. Moreover, the MgrB− mutant has higher survival outside the host compared with the parental strain. We attribute this enhanced survivability to dysregulation of the PhoPQ two-component system and accumulation of the master stress regulator RpoS. The enhanced survival of MgrB− may be critical for its rapid host-to-host transmission observed in our model. Together, our data using multiple clinical isolates demonstrate that MgrB-dependent colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae comes with a biological cost in gut colonization. However, this cost is mitigated by enhanced survival outside the host and consequently increases its host-to-host transmission. Additionally, it underscores the importance of considering the entire life cycle of a pathogen to determine the actual biological cost associated with antibiotic resistance. IMPORTANCE The biological cost associated with colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae was examined using a murine model of K. pneumoniae gut colonization and fecal-oral transmission. A common mutation resulting in colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae is a loss-of-function mutation of the small regulatory protein MgrB that regulates the two-component system PhoPQ. Even though colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae comes with a fitness defect in gut colonization, it increases bacterial survival outside the host enabling it to transmit more effectively to a new host. The enhanced survival is dependent upon the accumulation of RpoS and dysregulation of the PhoPQ. Hence, our study expands our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism contributing to the transmission of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae.
Induction and suppression of cell lysis in an electrokinetic microfluidic system

The ability to strategically induce or suppress cell lysis is critical for many cellular‐level diagnostic and therapeutic applications conducted within electrokinetic microfluidic platforms. The chemical and structural integrity of sub‐cellular components is important when inducing cell lysis. However, metal electrodes and electrolytes participate in undesirable electrochemical reactions that alter solution composition and potentially damage protein, RNA, and DNA integrity within device microenvironments. For many biomedical applications, cell viability must be maintained even when device‐imposed cell‐stressing stimuli (e.g., electrochemical reaction byproducts) are present. In this work, we explored a novel and tunable method to accurately induce or suppress device‐imposed artifacts on human red blood cell (RBC) lysis in non‐uniform AC electric fields. For precise tunability, a dielectric hafnium oxide (HfO2) layer was used to prevent electron transfer between the electrodes and the electric double layer and thus reduce harmful electrochemical reactions. Additionally, a low concentration of Triton X‐100 surfactant was explored as a tool to stabilize cell membrane integrity. The extent of hemolysis was studied as a function of time, electrode configuration (T‐shaped and star‐shaped), cell position, applied non‐uniform AC electric field, with uncoated and HfO2 coated electrodes (50 nm), and absence and presence of Triton X‐100 (70 µM). Tangible outcomes include a parametric analysis relying upon literature and this work to design, tune, and operate electrokinetic microdevices to intentionally induce or suppress cellular lysis without altering intracellular components. Implications are that devices can be engineered to leverage or minimize device‐imposed biological artefacts extending the versatility and utility of electrokinetic diagnostics.
Ethanol consumption activates a subset of arcuate nucleus pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC)‐producing neurons: a c‐fos immunohistochemistry study

Ethanol activates various opioid peptide‐containing circuits within the brain that may underlie its motivational and rewarding effects. One component of this circuitry consists of neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ArcN) of the hypothalamus which express pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC), an opioid precursor peptide that is cleaved to form bioactive fragments including β‐endorphin and α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone. In this study, we sought to determine if ethanol intake activates ArcN POMC neurons as measured by expression of the immediate early gene c‐fos. Male and female POMC‐EGFP mice underwent drinking‐in‐the‐dark (DID) procedures for 3 consecutive days (2 h/day) and were allowed to consume either ethanol (20% v/v), saccharin (0.2% w/v), or water. On the fourth day of DID procedures, animals were allowed to consume their respective solutions for 20 min, and 1 h following the session brains were harvested and processed for c‐fos immunohistochemistry and co‐localization with EGFP. Our results indicate that ethanol intake activates a subset (~15–20%) of ArcN POMC neurons, whereas saccharin or water intake activates significantly fewer (~5–12%) of these neurons. The percent of activated POMC neurons did not correlate with blood ethanol levels at the time of tissue collection, and activation appeared to be distributed throughout the rostrocaudal axis of the ArcN. No sex differences were observed in the degree of neuronal activation across drinking solutions. These findings indicate a preferential activation of ArcN POMC neurons by ethanol consumption, strengthening the notion that ethanol activates endogenous opioid systems in the brain which may underlie its motivational properties.
Species and tissue differences in regorafenib glucuronidation

Abstract Regorafenib is glucuronidated mainly by uridine 5′-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9 in humans. UGT1A9 and its orthologues are expressed in the liver, small intestine, and kidney in humans and laboratory animals. The aim of this study was to reveal the species and tissue differences in regorafenib glucuronidation in the liver and extrahepatic tissues of humans and laboratory animals. Regorafenib glucuronidation was fitted to the Michaelis-Menten model in humans, monkeys, and mice using liver, kidney, and small intestine tissue. The hepatic results indicated monophasic kinetics in all species except rats, in which glucuronide could not be detected because rat Ugt1a9 is a pseudogene. The maximum velocity was higher in monkeys (3.41 pmol/min/mg) than in humans (1.21 pmol/min/mg), but was similar between humans and mice (1.11 pmol/min/mg). The maximum velocity in the kidney was higher than that in the liver in both humans and monkeys. Regorafenib glucuronide was not quantified in the kidneys of mice. Small intestinal regorafenib glucuronidation was not detected in any of the species. It is surmised that the degree of regorafenib glucuronidation is dependent on UGT1A9 expression levels. Our study clarified the species and tissue differences in regorafenib glucuronidation in the liver and extrahepatic tissues.
Tuberculosis Treatment Monitoring and Outcome Measures: New Interest and New Strategies

Despite the advent of new diagnostics, drugs and regimens, tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health threat. A significant challenge for TB control efforts has been the monitoring of TB therapy and determination of TB treatment success. SUMMARY Despite the advent of new diagnostics, drugs and regimens, tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health threat. A significant challenge for TB control efforts has been the monitoring of TB therapy and determination of TB treatment success. Current recommendations for TB treatment monitoring rely on sputum and culture conversion, which have low sensitivity and long turnaround times, present biohazard risk, and are prone to contamination, undermining their usefulness as clinical treatment monitoring tools and for drug development. We review the pipeline of molecular technologies and assays that serve as suitable substitutes for current culture-based readouts for treatment response and outcome with the potential to change TB therapy monitoring and accelerate drug development.
Murine Respiratory Tract Infection with Classical Klebsiella pneumoniae Induces Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes nosocomial pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and septicemia. Our recent work utilizing a murine model of respiratory tract infection with classical K. pneumoniae demonstrated leukocyte aggregates in the lungs of mice at 28 days postinfection. ABSTRACT Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes nosocomial pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and septicemia. Our recent work utilizing a murine model of respiratory tract infection with classical K. pneumoniae demonstrated leukocyte aggregates in the lungs of mice at 28 days postinfection. Here, we sought to characterize the composition and development of these structures. Histopathological analyses of murine lungs revealed immune cell clusters surrounding the pulmonary vasculature and airways by 14 days postinfection, resembling inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT). Further investigation of these structures demonstrated central B cell aggregates with concomitant dispersed T cells. At day 28 postinfection, these lymphoid clusters expressed germinal center markers and CXCL12, qualifying these structures as iBALT with nonclassical B cell follicles. Investigations in mutant mice revealed that those lacking B and/or T cells were not able to form fully defined iBALT structures, although some rudimentary B cell clusters were identified in mice lacking T cells. The longevity of K. pneumoniae-induced BALT was assessed for up to 120 days postinfection. Lymphoid aggregates significantly decreased in size and quantity by 90 days after K. pneumoniae infection; however, aggregates persisted in mice that were restimulated with K. pneumoniae every 30 days. Finally, infections of mice with an array of classical K. pneumoniae clinical isolates demonstrated that the development of these structures is a common feature of K. pneumoniae lung infection. Together, these data confirm that murine lungs infected with K. pneumoniae develop iBALT, which may play a role in pulmonary immunity to this troublesome pathogen.