Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurologic and neuroimaging findings in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE To describe neuroimaging findings and to report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations. METHODS In this retrospective multicenter study (10 Hospitals), we included 64 confirmed COVID-19 patients with neurologic manifestations who underwent a brain MRI. RESULTS The cohort included 43 men (67%), 21 women (33%), and the median age was 66 years (range: 20-92). 36 (56%) brain MRIs were considered abnormal, possibly related to SARS-CoV-2. Ischemic strokes (27%), leptomeningeal enhancement (17%), and encephalitis (13%) were the most frequent neuroimaging findings. Confusion (53%) was the most common neurological manifestation, following by impaired consciousness (39%), presence of clinical signs of corticospinal tract involvement (31%), agitation (31%), and headache (16%). The profile of patients experiencing ischemic stroke was different from the other patients with abnormal brain imaging since the former had less frequently acute respiratory distress syndrome (p=0·006) and more frequently corticospinal tract signs (p=0·02). Patients with encephalitis were younger (p=0·007), whereas agitation was more frequent for patients with leptomeningeal enhancement (p=0·009). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 patients may develop a wide range of neurological symptoms, which can be associated with severe and fatal complications, such as ischemic stroke or encephalitis. Concerning the meningoencephalitis involvement, even if a direct effect of the virus cannot be excluded, the pathophysiology rather seems to involve an immune and/or inflammatory process given the presence of signs of inflammation in both cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging but the lack of virus in cerebrospinal fluid.
Linear Motion of a Shallow-Water Barotropic Vortex as an Initial-Value Problem

Abstract This paper revisits calculation of motion for a shallow-water barotropic vortex with fixed mean axisymmetric structure. The algorithm marches the linear primitive equations for the wavenumber 1 asymmetry forward intime using a vortex motion extrapolated from previous calculations. Periodically, it examines the calculated asymmetry for the apparent asymmetry due to mispositioning of the vortex center, repositions the vortex to remove the apparent asymmetry, and passes the corrected vortex motion on to the next cycle. This approach differs from the author's earlier variational determination of the steady-state motion after initial transients had died away. The steady-state approach demonstrated that the vortex had normal modes at zero frequency and, when an annulus of weak anticyclonic flow encircled the cyclonic inner vortex, at the most anticyclonic rotation frequency of the mean flow. Forcing of the former model led to too rapid steady-state poleward motion on a beta plane. At least for the line.
Minimal Access vs. Open Spine Surgery in Patients With Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression - A One–Center Randomized Controlled Trial

Background/Aim: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate whether minimally access spine surgery (MASS) is less morbid than open surgery (OS) in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). Patients and Methods: A total of 49 MSCC patients were included in the trial. The outcome measures were bleeding (L), operation time (min), re-operations and prolonged wound healing. Results: The median age was 67 years (range=42-85 years) and 40% were men. The peri-operative blood loss in the MASS-group was significantly lower than that in the OS-group; 0.175L vs. 0.500L, (p=0.002). The median operation time for MASS was 142 min (range=72-203 min) vs. 103 (range=59-435 min) for OS (p=0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning revision surgery or delayed wound healing. Conclusion: The MASS technique in MSCC patients is associated with less blood loss, but a longer operation time when compared to the OS technique.
High School Teachers’ Self-efficacy in Teaching Computer Science

Self-efficacy is an important construct for CS teachers’ professional development, because it can predict both teaching behaviors as well as student outcomes. Research has shown that teachers’ self-efficacy can be as influential as their actual level of knowledge and abilities. However, there has been very limited research on CS teachers’ self-efficacy. This study describes the development and implementation of an instrument that measures secondary school teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching computer science. Teachers attended a nine-week hybrid professional development program and completed the computer science teaching self-efficacy instrument. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the self-efficacy instrument, which can be potentially used in other CS education settings. The results also indicated that teachers’ self-efficacy in the content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge dimensions of teaching computer science significantly increased from participating in the professional development program.
Primary Care Clinician Decision-Making Around Surveillance Colonoscopies in Older Adults with Prior Adenomas

Introduction: While guidelines recommend against routine colorectal cancer screening in adults >75 years and/or those with limited life expectancies, there is no clear guidance on when surveillance colonoscopies following prior adenoma detection should stop. How primary care clinicians weigh the potential risks and benefits of surveillance colonoscopies in older adults with prior adenomas is unknown. Methods: We conducted semistructured in-person interviews with 30 primary care clinicians from 21 clinics in Maryland. We asked how clinicians decided whether to continue or stop surveillance colonoscopies in older adults (65+ years) with prior adenomas. Interview transcripts were independently coded by 2 investigators using qualitative content analysis. Results: Participants described a range of decision-making approaches. Some deferred to specialists because they did not feel confident making decisions about stopping surveillance in light of the higher cancer risk involved. Some took a more active role and discussed the decision with patients and/or specialists. Other clinicians felt comfortable stopping surveillance colonoscopies and made these decisions based on patient age, comorbidities, or life expectancy. Discussion: We found a range of decision-making approaches among primary care clinicians on whether to continue surveillance colonoscopies in older adults with prior adenomas. Separate bodies of evidence currently exist on how prior adenoma characteristics influence colorectal cancer risk and on how older age and declining health influence the benefit/harm balance of screening. Information is lacking on the benefits and harms of surveillance in older adults with prior adenomas. Developing the evidence to address this knowledge gap is critically needed to inform clinical decision making.
Word perception and misperception in context.

When reading lists of words and nonwords at 100 ms/word, Ss reported words accurately but frequently converted nonwords such as dack into similarly spelled words such as duck or deck. In sentences, both nonwords and anomalous words were misread as appropriate words, but the bias was greater for nonwords. Word associations in lists (e.g., sailor-dack-vessel) produced a similar bias, but when sentence meaning was pitted against such associations the lexical effect was largely overridden. Sentences in which biasing context appeared only after the critical item reduced but did not eliminate the context effect, suggesting that multiple word candidates remained active while at least the next 3 words were processed. These results support a 2-stage modular interactive model: The first stage is stimulus driven and emits multiple weighted candidates that are combined interactively with contextual information in a second stage. In reading or listening to discourse, up to five or six words may be perceived and understood per second: a remarkable cognitive feat. Although one might think that processing language simultaneously at several levels—discriminating letters or phonemes, identifying words, parsing and interpreting sentences, and constructing a representation of the discourse—would be more difficult than focusing attention on just the lowest one or two levels, the opposite has been shown to be the case. In general, letter perception is more accurate when the letters are embedded in words (the word superiority effect, Reicher, 1969; Wheeler, 1970; see Estes & Brunn, 1987, for a recent reconsideration), and word perception is more accurate when the words are embedded in sentences (e.g., for speech; Miller, Heise, & Lichten, 1951). Yet the detailed mechanisms underlying the positive effects of higher level context on word perception have been a matter of theoretical and experimental debate since the earliest days of experimental psychology. The debate centers on the way in which sensory-driven, bottom-up processing is combined with background knowledge. Everyone agrees that by the time a listener or reader has reached a final interpretation of a word, sentence, or text, both lower level and higher level knowledge will have been taken into account. The issue is when, during processing, various sorts of knowledge become available. In the present study, the question is how sentence context influ
Seismic design and evaluation guidelines for the Department of Energy high-level waste storage tanks and appurtenances

This document provides seismic design and evaluation guidelines for underground high-level waste storage tanks. The guidelines reflect the knowledge acquired in the last two decades in defining seismic ground motion and calculating hydrodynamic loads, dynamic soil pressures and other loads for underground tank structures, piping and equipment. The application of the guidelines is illustrated with examples. The guidelines are developed for a specific design of underground storage tanks, namely double-shell structures. However, the methodology discussed is applicable for other types of tank structures as well. The application of these and of suitably adjusted versions of these concepts to other structural types will be addressed in a future version of this document. The original version of this document was published in January 1993. Since then, additional studies have been performed in several areas and the results are included in this revision. Comments received from the users are also addressed. Fundamental concepts supporting the basic seismic criteria contained in the original version have since then been incorporated and published in DOE-STD-1020-94 and its technical basis documents. This information has been deleted in the current revision.
Depressive reactions to failure in a naturalistic setting: a test of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression

We tested the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression and an integration of the two by examining whether a stable, global attributional style (attributional diathesis) and low self-esteem interacted with the outcomes students received on a midterm examination to predict their subsequent depressive reactions over the course of 5 days. Students' immediate depressive reactions (on receipt of grades) were predicted solely by the examination outcome, whereas their enduring depressive reactions during the following 4 days were predicted by the Attributional Diathesis x Low Self-Esteem x Failure interaction. The results also indicated that the three-way interaction predicted enduring depressive reactions through the mediating role of hopelessness. Language: en
Dissociative effect of massed repetition on implicit and explicit measures of memory

Subjects saw or heard words presented once, or repeated 4 or 16 times in massed fashion, and then received an implicit or explicit memory test. Massed repetition did not increase priming on word fragment completion beyond that obtained from a single presentation but did enhance performance on various explicit tests (free recall, recognition, question cued recall, and word fragment cued recall) and an implicit general knowledge test. Modality of presentation affected implicit and explicit word fragment cued tests but did not affect performance on any of the other tests. Levels of processing affected performance on implicit and explicit question cued tests. These results are consistent with a transfer appropriate processing account of dissociations among memory measures and imply that massed repetition promotes conceptual processing but does not entail a repetition of perceptual-based processes responsible for priming on word fragment completion.
Signature change in general relativity

This work gives various classical results of relevance to quantum cosmology. The junction conditions are derived for matching a region of Lorentz-signature spacetime to a region of Riemannian-signature space across a spatial surface according to the vacuum Einstein or Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations. In particular, the spatial metric and the Klein-Gordon field must be instantaneously stationary at the junction. Real, globally valid fields and equations are found for the general Cauchy problem where signature change is allowed. An affine parameter is defined for geodesics crossing the junction orthogonally. For homogeneous and isotropic cosmological-constant cosmologies, the signature-changing solution is unique up to a constant, non-singular and inflationary, with a flatness parameter which is ultimately unity. The hypothesis of initially Riemannian signature gives a prediction of a highly restricted class of observable cosmologies for a given matter field. In particular, inflation, initially zero entropy and partial isotropy are predicted.
Nosocomial infections in surgical patients in the United States, January 1986-June 1992. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System.

OBJECTIVES To describe the distribution of nosocomial infections among surgical patients by site of infection for different types of operations, and to show how the risk of certain adverse outcomes associated with nosocomial infection varied by site, type of operation, and exposure to specific medical devices. DESIGN Surveillance of surgical patients during January 1986-June 1992 using standard definitions and protocols for both comprehensive (all sites, all operations) and targeted (all sites, selected operations) infection detection. SETTING AND PATIENTS Acute care US hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) System: 42,509 patients with 52,388 infections from 95 hospitals using comprehensive surveillance protocols and an additional 5,659 patients with 6,963 infections from 11 more hospitals using a targeted protocol. RESULTS Surgical site infection was the most common nosocomial infection site (37%) when data were reported by hospitals using the comprehensive protocols. When infections reported from both types of protocols were stratified by type of operation, other sites were most frequent following certain operations (e.g., urinary tract infection after joint prosthesis surgery [52%]). Among the infected surgical patients who died, the probability that an infection was related to the patient's death varied significantly with the site of infection, from 22% for urinary tract infection to 89% for organ/space surgical site infection, but was independent of the type of operation performed. The probability of developing a secondary bloodstream infection also varied significantly with the primary site of infection, from 3.1% for incisional surgical site infection to 9.5% for organ/space surgical site infection (p < .001). For all infections except pneumonia, the risk of developing a secondary bloodstream infection also varied significantly with the type of operation performed (p < .001) and was generally highest for cardiac surgery and lowest for abdominal hysterectomy. Surgical patients who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia were more than twice as likely to develop a secondary bloodstream infection as nonventilated pneumonia patients (8.1% versus 3.3%, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS For surgical patients with nosocomial infection, the distribution of nosocomial infections by site varies by type of operation, the frequency with which nosocomial infections contribute to patient mortality varies by site of infection but not by type of operation, and the risk of developing a secondary bloodstream infection varies by type of primary infection and, except for pneumonia, by type of operation.
Turbulence Models and Their Application in Hydraulics

This book provides an introduction to the subject of turbulence modelling in a form easy to understand for anybody with a basic background in fluid mechanics, and it summarizes the present state of the art. Individual models are described and examined for the merits and demerits which range from the simple Prandtl mixing length theory to complex second order closure schemes.
Bangla License Plate Detection and Recognition System with YOLOv7 and Improved Custom OCR Engine

The purpose of Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) systems is to locate and recognize License Plate (LP) from moving automobiles present in images. But in order to implement such systems in the actual world, real-time performance in low resource settings is necessary with added external difficulties. Image processing using Deep Neural Network (DNN) models and object localization could address these problems. Despite significant advancements, research projects aimed at creating reliable License Plate Detection (LPD) models with higher detection accuracy while continuing to minimize computational complexity. In this paper, a cascaded architecture for detecting license plates with different versions of YOLOv7 which is state-of-the-art model for object detection and a custom Bangla OCR (Optical Character Recognition) engine has been proposed. For detecting and recognizing our proposed architecture reports 96% accuracy in detecting Bangla License Plates (BLP) and 97% accuracy in recognizing Bangla characters from license plates which outperforms many notable architectures in this domain.
Rule of Darkness: British Literature and Imperialism, 1830–1914

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Evaluation of in vitro Free Radical Scavenging Potential and Inhibition of Glutathione-S-transferase activity in Tasar Waste Products

Investigations were conducted on free radical scavenging potential and inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity of methanolic extracts of tasar silk waste such as fresh pupae, boiled pupae, cut cocoons and litters of tasar silkworm (Antheraea mylitta D.). Tests used to measure the free radical scavenging potential of silk waste extracts included 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging, hydroxyl scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPX) levels. The total phenolic and tannic acid contents were quantified in methanolic extracts of silk waste. Antioxidant activities determined were compared with synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid (ASA). The antioxidant activities in different samples showed the following order: fresh pupae > boiled pupae > cut cocoons > litter. The phenolic and tannic acid contents were more in litter as compared to other samples. Further, litter extract has higher glutathione-s-transferase inhibition capacity. The results suggest that the extracts of tasar waste products contain various natural antioxidants which may be useful for curing diseases associated with oxidative damages.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Masquerading as Alcoholic Hepatitis

ABSTRACT Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a syndrome characterized by excessive immune activation. Timely diagnosis can be challenging, and prompt treatment is the only hope for survival. We present an adult patient with a history of alcohol dependence, who presented with fatigue, bilateral lower extremity edema, and orange-colored urine. Clinical workup revealed abnormal liver function tests, elevated ferritin, cytopenia, and lymphadenopathy. Eventually, he was diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This case report encourages gastroenterologists to maintain a high index of suspicion when a patient presents with liver failure, hyperferritinemia, and cytopenia because they may be the first healthcare professionals to evaluate these patients.
Detection of combined frequency and amplitude modulation

Zwicker [Acustica 6, 356–381 (1956)] proposed that amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) are coded by a common mechanism. To test this, the detection of simultaneously occurring AM and FM is discussed. In a two‐alternative forced‐choice task, thresholds for detecting AM alone were determined. Then, thresholds for detecting FM were determined for stimuli which had a fixed amount of AM in the signal interval only. The amount of AM was always less than the threshold for detecting AM alone. The FM thresholds depended significantly on the magnitude of the coexisting AM. For low modulation rates (4, 16, and 64 Hz), the FM thresholds did not depend on the relative phase of modulation for the FM and AM. For a high modulation rate (256 Hz) strong effects of modulator phase were observed, which can be explained by assuming that detection of modulation at high frequencies is based on detection of the lower sideband in the modulated signal’s spectrum. In a second experiment, psychometric functions w.
Leapfrogging in international competition: A theory of cycles in national technological leadership

Endogenous-growth theory suggests that technological change tends to reinforce the position of the leading nations. Yet sometimes this leadership role shifts. The authors suggest a mechanism that explains this pattern of 'leapfrogging' as a response to occasional major changes in technology. When such a change occurs, the new technology does not initially seem to be an improvement for leading nations, given their extensive experience with older technologies. Lagging nations have less experience; the new technique allows them to use their lower wages to enter the market. If the new technique proves more productive than the old, leapfrogging of leadership occurs. Copyright 1993 by American Economic Association.