Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the evolution of the scalar flux through a planar premixed turbulent flame brush

ABSTRACT The thermal expansion induced by the exothermicity of chemical reactions taking place in a turbulent flame affects the flow dynamics so deeply that the velocity field can be imposed by chemistry rather than turbulence. Moreover, thermal expansion is known to be responsible for flame-generated turbulence (FGT) as well as non-gradient or counter-gradient diffusion (CGD) phenomena. In the present study, a specific description of the joint probability-density function (PDF) of the progress variable and velocity is introduced. The corresponding PDF accounts for the finite thickness of the local flame. On the basis of this theoretical framework, the evolution of the scalar fluxes is analyzed across a planar premixed turbulent flame brush described as a boundary layer. The corresponding analysis recovers a CGD region in the planar flame brush as well as a region controlled by gradient diffusion (GD) transport at its leading edge. This region, which corresponds to small values of the mean progress variable, is dominated by finite Damköhler number effects. Finally, the dependency of the normalized turbulent scalar flux to classical nondimensional numbers – i.e., the Bray, Karlovitz and Reynolds numbers – is put into evidence. The obtained results provide a relatively simple basis for the development of closure models for the turbulent flux of the progress variable.
pTITAN2: Permutation of treatment labels and Threshold Indicator Taxa ANalysis

Background: Taxa Indicator Threshold ANalysis (TITAN) was developed to identify thresholds along environmental gradients where rapid changes in taxa frequency and relative abundance are observed. TITAN determines separate change-points for increasing and decreasing taxa in aggregate, as well as change-points for individual taxa, with associated confidence intervals generated using bootstrapping. However, if TITAN is applied to different classes of observations, additional analyses besides using non-overlapping confidence intervals are needed to establish whether change-points differ between treatments or groups because non-overlapping confidence intervals can indicate significant differences but overlapping confidence intervals do not necessarily mean the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. Methods: To address this, we present a new R package, pTITAN2, which is an extension to the existing TITAN2 package. The pTITAN2 package was developed to enable comparisons of TITAN output between treatments by permutating the observed data between treatments and rerunning TITAN on the permuted data. Results: The pTITAN2 package includes two functions, occurrences and permute. The occurrences function selects the taxonomic codes to be used in a TITAN run while maintaining the most taxonomic details. The permute function is then used to create a list of permuted sets of taxa and environmental gradients. TITAN is then run again on the permuted data and p-value test can be calculated using the observed and permuted TITAN output to test for statistical differences between treatment effects. Conclusions: The package pTITAN2 is an extension of the existing TITAN2 package and enables users to perform the appropriate statistical tests and determine statistical differences without using overlapping confidence intervals.
Active vortex generator deployed on demand by size independent actuation of shape memory alloy wires integrated in fiber reinforced polymers

Static vortex generators (VGs) are installed on different aircraft types. They generate vortices and interfuse the slow boundary layer with the fast moving air above. Due to this energizing, a flow separation of the boundary layer can be suppressed at high angles of attack. However the VGs cause a permanently increased drag over the whole flight cycle reducing the cruise efficiency. This drawback is currently limiting the use of VGs. New active VGs, deployed only on demand at low speed, can help to overcome this contradiction. Active hybrid structures, combining the actuation of shape memory alloys (SMA) with fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) on the materials level, provide an actuation principle with high lightweight potential and minimum space requirements. Being one of the first applications of active hybrid structures from SMA and FRP, these active vortex generators help to demonstrate the advantages of this new technology. A new design approach and experimental results of active VGs are presented based on the application of unique design tools and advanced manufacturing approaches for these active hybrid structures. The experimental investigation of the actuation focuses on the deflection potential and the dynamic response. Benchmark performance data such as a weight of 1.5g and a maximum thickness of only 1.8mm per vortex generator finally ensure a simple integration in the wing structure.
Hydrogen Flooding of a Coal Core: Effect on Coal Swelling

Hydrogen is a clean fuel which has the potential to drastically decarbonize the energy supply chain. However, hydrogen storage is currently a key challenge; one solution to this problem is hydrogen geo‐storage, with which very large quantities of H2 can be stored economically. Possible target formations are deep coal seams, and coal permeability is a key parameter which determines how fast H2 can be injected and withdrawn again. However, it is well known that gas injection into coal can lead to coal swelling, which drastically reduces permeability. We thus injected H2 gas into a coal core and measured dynamic permeability, while imaging the core via x‐ray micro‐tomography at reservoir conditions. Importantly, no changes in coal cleat morphology or permeability were observed. We conclude that H2 geo‐storage in deep coal seams is feasible from a fundamental petro‐physical perspective; this work thus aids in the large‐scale implementation of a hydrogen economy.
Safety and efficacy of renal sympathectomy in ablation of hypertension complicated with atrial fibrillation

At present, there is limited data on the effect of renal sympathectomy combined with pulmonary vein isolation on hypertensive patients with atrial fibrillation. The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of renal sympathectomy combined with ablation in the treatment of hypertension with atrial fibrillation. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the treatment of hypertension complicated with atrial fibrillation. Comparing the clinical data of renal sympathetic denervation (RSDN)+pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with that of PVI alone, we analyzed recurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) as main outcome. Classification variables were represented by risk ratio (RR), continuous variables as average difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 7 eligible studies were included, including 734 patients (RSDN+PVI group: 340 cases; PVI group: 394 cases). The follow-up period was one year or more. Compared with the separate PVI (56%), the recurrence rate of AF in RSDN+PVI group (32%) decreased significantly (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.71, p < 0.001). RSDN+PVI increased the operation time (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD): 24.92, 95% CI: 20.27, 29.57, p < 0.001), but did not increase the fluoroscopy time (WMD: 1.58, 95% CI: −7.50, 10.66, p = 0.73). Six months after operation, the glomerular filtration rate in RSDN+PVI group was significantly higher than that in PVI group (WMD: 6.17, 95% CI: 3.09, 9.24, p < 0.001). The control of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in RSDN+PVI group was significantly better than that in PVI group (WMD: −9.55, 95% CI: −16.27, −2.84, p = 0.005; WMD: −6.11, 95%CI: −10.72, −1.50, p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.32, 2.21, p = 0.73). The heterogeneity of clinical outcome was very low in atrial fibrillation and complications (I2 = 0). PVI combined with RSDN is a feasible and safe interventional therapy option for patients with hypertension complicated with atrial fibrillation, which can effectively reduce the burden of atrial fibrillation and improve the control of blood pressure and prevent further renal damage.
Enabling hyperspectral acquisition for scanning laser optical tomography

Scanning Laser Optical Tomography (SLOT) is a three-dimensional imaging technique usable on a micro- to mesoscale. The technique is equivalent to computer tomography, using a laser instead of x-rays. With this technology, a set of twodimensional images is acquired at different angles and subsequently processed into volume information by reconstruction algorithms. Different contrast mechanisms can be used, depending on the application. Up until now transmission, scattering, fluorescence and second harmonic generation have been established for SLOT imaging. All of these contrast mechanisms are coupled to a specific narrow bandwidth, which is determined before the acquisition starts and is dependent on the setup and application. In order to collect true hyperspectral information, a spectrometer and a broadband light source have been integrated. This way, the amount of information is increased with each measurable wavelength, leading to various improvements of the SLOT technology. The entire transmission and absorption spectra of three-dimensional samples can now be measured and reconstructed. Here, we present the current state of development of the hyperspectral SLOT. This includes the technical construction of the hardware setup and the development of the software integration. Many challenges need to be overcome when implementing spectroscopy in a tomographic setup. Solutions to specific problems, such as decreased resolution and focal shift, will be presented. Finally, we will show the first results of hyperspectral SLOT imaging.
Are Work Demand, Support and Control Associated with Work Ability and Disability during Back Pain Treatment? A Prospective Explorative Study

Background: Low back pain is a multifactorial disease with consequences for work ability and social participation. Improved integration of the work domain in health care management is needed. The aim of this study was to explore the relation between working conditions with outcome of low back pain treatment. Methods: Observational study of 41 patients attending physiotherapy for low back pain. Work demands, support and control were registered at baseline and work ability and disability also at baseline, with follow up after three and nine months. We used mixed-effects models to estimate the longitudinal associations between working conditions and outcome. Results: Higher work demands were related to reduced work ability (−1.1 points, 95% CI: −2.1 to −0.1) and slightly increased disability (5.6 points, 95% CI: 0.5 to 10.7). Lack of social support from colleagues was associated with reduced work ability (−2.7 points, 95% CI: −0.2 to 1.5) and disability (14.0 points, 95% CI: 4.9 to 23.1). Conclusions: This explorative study found associations between work demands and support, and work ability and disability outcome. Screening for psychosocial working conditions may influence the work ability and disability treatment outcome. The results need replication in larger samples and may indicate that patients seeking primary care management for low back pain should be screened for work demands, support and control.
Too hot to handle? Assessing the validity and reliability of the College of Intensive Care Medicine "Hot Case” examination

The College of Intensive Care Medicine of Australia and New Zealand is responsible for credentialling trainees for specialist practice in intensive care medicine for the safety of patients and the community. This involves defining trainees’ performance standards and testing trainees against those standards to ensure safe practice. The second part examination performed towards the end of the training program is a high-stakes assessment. The two clinical “Hot Cases” performed in the examination have a low pass rate, with most candidates failing at least one of the cases. There is increasing expectation for medical specialist training colleges to provide fair and transparent assessment processes to enable defensible decisions regarding trainee progression. Examinations are a surrogate marker of clinical performance with advantages, disadvantages and inevitable compromises. This article evaluates the Hot Case examination using Kane’s validity framework and van der Vleuten’s utility equation, and identifies issues with validity and reliability which could be managed through an ongoing improvement process.
Infrared Small Target Detection Using Local Feature-Based Density Peaks Searching

In this letter, we propose a new local feature-based method for the detection of infrared small targets with the density feature map that can effectively suppress noise in the feature domain. First, we combine the local tetra pattern (LTrP) and the second-order LTrP to generate the density feature map. Second, we apply density peaks searching to the feature map to obtain candidate targets. Third, we generate two local features, i.e., the entropy and third-order moment, for each image patch whose center is a candidate target and then fuse them to employ the fused feature to find the real target. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves better performance compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.
A survey of preprocessing methods used for analysis of big data originated from smart grids

In this paper, a brief survey of data preprocessing methods is presented. Specifically, the data preprocessing methods used in the smart grid (SG) domain are surveyed. Also, with the advent of SG, data collection on a large scale became possible. The data is essential for electricity demand, generation and price forecasting, which plays an important role in making energy efficient decisions, and long and short term predictions regarding energy generation, consumption and storage. However, the forecasting accuracy decreases when data is used in raw form. Hence, data preprocessing is considered essential. This paper provides an overview of the data preprocessing methods and a detailed discussion of the methods used in the existing literature. A comparison of the methods is also given. A survey of closely related survey papers is also presented and the papers are compared based on their contributions. Moreover, based on the discussion of the data preprocessing methods, a narrative is built with a critical analysis. Finally, future research directions are discussed to guide the readers.
Encrypted Live Streaming Channel Identification with Time-sync Comments

The time-sync comments have been prevalent in modern live streaming systems to provide a real-time interaction experience for viewers. Whereas, the time-sync comments traffic can also act as a delicate fingerprint of encrypted live channels, leading to potential risks of privacy leakage. Most of previous video channel identification strategies with video bitrate-based fingerprint presume strict requirements on the implementation environments, which often assume that there is no interference from irrelevant traffic flows or network conditions. However, the time-sync comments sessions are distinct from other irrelevant traffic flows, and the traffic pattern is resilient to various network conditions, e.g., bandwidth limitation and transmission delay. In this paper, we design a system for encrypted live channel identification with time-sync comments traffic analysis. Specifically, both the inter-application and inner-application traffic filters are proposed to eliminate the irrelevant traffic flows, respectively. Further, a comment rate estimation method is developed through investigation of relationship between comment number, comment length and packet length. Finally, the dynamic time warping algorithm is improved for similarity matching in delay tolerant environment. In order to evaluate the system performance, we setup the prototype system with AWS EC2 server and utilize the real world trace data from Youtube and BiliBili. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the filter can reach 93.2%, and the accuracy of the comment rate estimation method can reach up to 91%. The match accuracy between fingerprint and comment rate can reach 92.1% within 200 seconds eavesdropping, which is 2% higher than using bitrate fingerprint and traffic pattern in the latest research, and can be increased to 98.2% when the eavesdropping time extends to 500 seconds.
The Reliability Analysis of Offshore Platform under Environmental Load in Bohai Bay

Based on the dynamic response analysis under the environmental loads of offshore platform in Bohai Bay,the rational finite element model for offshore platforms is established.Appropriate load calculation theory which according to relevant regulations of offshore platform and the environmental conditions in Bohai Bay are selected to analyze the forces of offshore platforms in a variety of load conditions.Analysis the dynamic response in a variety of load conditions by the language of APDL,and the reliability analysis of offshore platform are carried on by the reliability module of the FEM software.
Rules for Control of Self-adapting PID Water Turbine Governing System Based on Genetic Algorithms

In order to overcome the shortcoming of the general hydraulic turbine PID governor, the genetic algorithm combined with the fuzzy PID is used to optimize the fuzzy reasoning rules, and the fuzzy reasoning system is used to calculate the varying value of PID parameters for automatical modulation of PID parameters. In order to resolve the irregularity between the optimized rules and the coarseness of fuzzy rules' surface, a smoothness factor is applied to the objective function. The simulation result shows that this method is valid for seeking hydraulic turbine fuzzy PID governor's fuzzy rules.
Effect of plant establishment method and weeding on the yield and yield components of Boro rice

Boro rice cultivation in Bangladesh is predominantly practiced in transplanting method that involves raising, uprooting and transplanting of seedlings. This is rather a resource and cost intensive method since preparation of seedbed, raising of seedling and transplanting are labor and time intensive operations. Different plant establishment methods like direct seeding and transplanting seedlings from the same source (direct seeded crop field) may reduce the risk of seedlings failure and cost of raising seedlings and labour cost in the nursery bed. Irrespective of the method of rice establishment, weeds are a major impediment to rice production through their ability Abstract
A Bibliometric Analysis of IEEE T-ITS Literature Between 2010 and 2019

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (T-ITS) has become a leading international journal in the field of ITS since its first issue published in 2000. To obtain a structural overview as well as the evolution of T-ITS in the last decade (2010–2019), we present a comprehensive bibliometric analysis from multiple perspectives based on the articles published during the same period in this paper. Our analyses of the T-ITS literature include: (a) statistical analysis;(b) topic analysis; and (c) network analysis. Statistical analysis was first conducted to identify the most highly cited papers, then the top productive and influential authors, institutions and countries/regions were given from paper counts and citations respectively. In order to identify important topics and patterns of evolution, author keywords were used to identify the most frequent topics and the theme river map can visually demonstrate their corresponding trends. Furthermore, keyword co-occurrence network was constructed to reveal the hotspots and the research landscape within this field. In addition, three networks are provided to visualize the relationships and reveal the collaboration patterns from different perspectives, including authors, institutions and countries/regions. The results provide an insight on the characteristics of the publications over the last decade, from which we can know the key contributors and groups who brought the significant growth of the journal. This paper can benefit researchers in terms of promoting understanding of the entire field with the development status and trends.
Multiple wavelength silicon photonic 200 mm R+D platform for 25Gb/s and above applications

A silicon photonics platform that uses a CMOS foundry line is described. Fabrication process is following a modular integration scheme which leads to a flexible platform, allowing different device combinations. A complete device library is demonstrated for 1310 nm applications with state of the art performances. A PDK which includes specific photonic features and which is compatible with commercial EDA tools has been developed allowing an MPW shuttle service. Finally platform evolutions such as device offer extension to 1550 nm or new process modules introduction are presented.
Cinemática inversa matricial del manipulador 5R Mitsubishi Movemaster RV-M1 Inverse Matrix Kinematics of the 5R Mitsubishi Movemaster RV-M1 Manipulator

The solution of the inverse kinematics of the m ovemaster RV-m1 manipulator is documented by the geometrical or projections method of the manipulator to different planes. This method was recommended for the case of cinematically uncoupled robots. The present article shows an inverse kinematics solution for the RV-m1 manipulator through an inverse transformation technique in which manipulator projections are not required, which saves time for the analysis. The results were graphically validated and geometrically compared with results reported in existing literature.
Parametric analysis of fluidic energy harvesters in grid turbulence

Even though it is omnipresent in nature, there has not been much research in the literature involving turbulence as an energy source for piezoelectric fluidic harvesters. In the present work, a grid-generated turbulence forcing function model which we derived previously is employed in the single degree-of-freedom electromechanical equations to find the power output and tip displacement of piezoelectric cantilever beams. Additionally, we utilize simplified, deterministic models of the turbulence forcing function to obtain closed-form expressions for the power output. These theoretical models are studied using experiments that involve separately placing a hot-wire anemometer probe and a short PVDF beam in flows where turbulence is generated by means of passive and semi-passive grids. From a parametric study of the deterministic models, we show that a white noise forcing function best mimics the experimental data. Furthermore, our parametric study of the response spectrum of a generic fluidic harvester in grid-generated turbulent flow shows that optimum power output is attained for beams placed closer to the grid with a low natural frequency and damping ratio and a large electromechanical coupling coefficient.