Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flocking together and thinking apart: Gendered friendships and decision-making in adolescence

ABSTRACT This study explored if adolescents’ style of decision-making is related to the sex composition of their friendship groups. Using data on 13,413 members of the Millennium Cohort Study at ages 11 and 14 years, we explored reciprocal associations between decision-making, measured with the Cambridge Gambling Task, and own-sex and other- or mixed-sex companionship. Cross-lagged models showed that girls whose friends at 11 were mainly girls showed better quality of decision-making, more risk adjustment, shorter deliberation time and less delay aversion at age 14, compared to girls in mixed-sex or other-sex friendship groups at 11. For boys, having predominantly male friends was associated only with more risk adjustment. Conversely, decision-making style at age 11 did little to predict keeping own-sex company at age 14. It appears that same-sex friendships may help develop better decision-making in adolescence, but only for girls.
Experimental Investigations on Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Columns under Monotonic Axial Loading

Strengthening of the existing reinforced concrete (RC) column is nessesary to enhance their axial load-carrying capacity or ductility. This paper presents the results of an experimental study relating to the performance of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with different techniques such as the steel angle, steel straps, and ferro-cement under pure axial load. A total of six square short reinforced concrete columns were constructed. The cross-section and height of tested columns are 150×150 mm and 1.2 m, respectively. Two specimens were set as the control columns (without strengthening). The other four reinforced concrete columns were strengthened with different techniques. Two columns are strengthened with four steel angles at each corner of the column confined with prestressed steel straps. Another two columns are also strengthened with four steel angles confined with prestressed steel straps and ferro-cement. The experimental results are reported in terms of the load-deformation curves as well as the failure modes. A significant enhancement of the maximum axial load-carrying capacity and the ductility is observed for the strengthened reinforced concrete columns. Finally, the discussion of the use of different strengthening techniques is also carried out in this paper.
Maximizing Land Use Efficiency and Productivity of Soybean and Fodder Maize Intercrops through Manipulating Sowing Schedule and Maize Harvest Regime

The incorporation of both food and forage crops in an intercropping system is receiving increasing attention, especially in developing countries with increasing populations and limited resources. In a two-year (2019–2020) field trial, conducted in Northern Egypt, productivity of soybean and fodder maize, as well as the quality of maize herbage, were investigated under three sowing schedules; soybean and maize sown together, and maize sown 15 and 30 days after soybean, in addition to soybean and fodder maize sown in pure stands, with maize harvested at green fodder maturity (GFM), and silage maturity (SM). Harvesting fodder maize at SM resulted in higher herbage yield than harvesting it at GFM, yet it negatively affected the soybean productivity. However, this negative impact was offset when fodder maize sowing was delayed 30 days after soybean sowing. Maize harvested at GFM was characterized by a higher leaf component, which was reflected in its higher crude protein content, yet the decline in quality with advanced maturity was to a great extent, counterbalanced by the presence of high-quality ears in maize harvested at SM. This was clear in its lower fiber and higher non-fiber carbohydrate contents. Land equivalent ratio (LER) demonstrated yield advantage with the delayed sowing of fodder maize (LER > 1), while the dry matter equivalent ratio (DMER) associated the yield advantage with the late harvesting of fodder maize at SM (DMER > 1), across all sowing schedules, which was more realistic for an additive intercropping model where the dry matter is the economic component. In a soybean-fodder maize intercropping system, whether fodder maize will be cultivated for green feeding or for silage production, it is recommended that sowing is delayed until 30 days after the soybean, in order to maximize yield advantage and land use efficiency.
College students’ perspectives on an alcohol prevention programme and student drinking – A focus group study

Aim: While there is considerable research on the efficacy of interventions designed to reduce alcohol consumption and related harms among college students, there is limited research on students’ own perspectives on such interventions. This qualitative study aimed to address this gap by examining college students’ perspectives in the context of an alcohol prevention programme for college students in Ireland. Methods: Focus groups were used as the means of data collection, and participants were selected using purposive sampling based on two criteria – type/location of college and category of student. A total of eight focus groups were conducted at two institutions taking part in the programme. Participants comprised four categories of student: undergraduates, mature students, international students and students who were members of clubs or societies. Results were analysed through the lens of a social-ecological framework. Results: The study findings indicated that students perceived alcohol as being endemic to college life and wider society. As a result, many of the students were sceptical or ambivalent regarding the potential efficacy of alcohol prevention programmes. Despite the perceived pervasiveness of alcohol, the study pointed to heterogeneity in drinking practices among the participants. Moreover, the study participants expressed divergent views when asked whose responsibility it was to control student alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Viewing the findings through a social-ecological lens, students seemed to collectively acknowledge the different layers of influence on student drinking, acknowledging the complex nature of this issue. Providing a greater variety of leisure spaces, including alcohol-free environments, was viewed particularly favourably by the student participants in terms of solutions proposed.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes using third-generation bioactive glass as a bone graft substitute for multi-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion-a retrospective case series study.

Background Bioactive glasses have unique bone forming properties that have been used as a bone graft substitute for anterior cervical discectomy and fusions (ACDFs). Bone graft substitutes are used for achieving fusion while simultaneously avoiding donor site morbidity of iliac crest autograft. In this study, our principal intention is to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with multi-level cervical disc disease undergoing ACDF using a third-generation bioactive glass as a bone graft substitute. Methods A retrospective case series study was performed of patients who underwent primary multi-level instrumented fusions for degenerative cervical disc disease with bioactive glass bone graft substitute between May 2016 and December 2017 by a single fellowship-trained spine surgeon. All patients were treated with a porous PEEK interbody spacer and with a third-generation bioactive glass synthetic bone graft substitute. Patients were assessed pre-operatively, immediately following surgery, and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Accepted standard outcome measures were applied to evaluate preoperative and postoperative metrics, including Visual Analog Scale neck pain and arm pain, and Neck Disability Index. Dynamic lateral radiographs were used to assess sagittal alignment, disc space height, arthrodesis status, osseous integration, and implant migration. Sagittal plane angulation was measured by Cobb's criteria. Results Thirty-nine patients underwent multi-level instrumented fusions: seventeen (43%) were two-level; 12 (31%) were three-level; 9 (23%) were four-level; and 1 (3%) was five-levels. All patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months for mean of 16.0 months (range, 6 to 36 months); none were lost to follow-up. Significant improvements from preoperative scores in Neck Disability Index scores as well as neck and arm visual analog scale pain scores were realized. All patients either maintained or improved their neurological status. Radiographically, all patients were fused by 6 months postoperatively and showed improvement in fusion segment lordosis (Pre-Post and Pre-Final P<0.001), C2-C7 lordosis angle (Pre-Post and Pre-Final P<0.001), T1 slope (Pre-Post P=0.01, Pre-Final P=0.07) and maintenance of disc height (Post-Final P=0.02). There were no adverse events, infections, or reoperations. Conclusions Third-generation bioactive glass synthetic graft is a viable alternative to allograft or autograft in the setting of multi-level instrumented fusions for achieving improved clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Radiological gastrostomy: A comparative analysis of different image-guided methods

Background: Radiographic guided percutaneous gastrostomy has become a safe and effective enteral nutrition method for patients who can not eat by mouth. Fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT have been routinely used clinically. The aim of this study was to compare the advantages and disadvantages of percutaneous gastrostomy using different radiographic guided methods. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 538 patients undergoing percutaneous gastrostomy in our department. According to the image guidance method used in gastrostomy, the patients were divided into groups A by fluoroscopy guidance, group B by fluoroscopy combined with C-arm CT guidance, and group C with the whole process CT guidance. The gastrostomy success rate, complication rate, procedure time, and patient radiation dose were analyzed in the three groups. Results: Among 538 patients, 534 were successful and the success rates are 94.3%, 99.3%, and 100% in group A, B, and C, respectively (P > 0.05). There were 3 cases occurred postoperative bleeding as serious adverse events and transferred to surgical gastrostomy. The minor complications in- clude local infection, hyperplasia of granulation tissue, tube obstruction or prolapse, and local pain of the ostomy. The minor complication rates were 10.5%, 10.4%, and 7.7% in group A, B, and C, respectively (P > 0.05). The average procedure time was 25.57 ± 5.99 minutes, 29.01 ± 6.63 minutes, and 45.47 ± 8.98 minutes, respectively ( χ 2 = 87.98, P < 0.001). The average radiation dosage was 27.30 ± 19.27 mGy, 145.07 ± 106.08 mGy, and 2,590.26 ± 1,088.22 mGy, respectively ( χ 2 = 204.44, P < 0.001). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the success rates and complication rates of gastrostomy under the three guiding methods. For difficult cases, CT-guided gastrostomy may be a very useful supplemental method. Copyright © 2021, Society of Gastrointestinal Intervention.
The role of phase behavior in the enzyme catalyzed synthesis of glycerol monolaurate

Partial glycerides such as monoacylglycerides (MAGs) are important functional ingredients with various applications in the cosmetics and food industry. Direct synthesis of high purity MAGs is commercially not feasible due to low selectivity and substrate miscibility problems. In this article, a selectivity increase in synthesis towards MAG with the addition of 5 wt% of the amphoteric surfactant cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) compared to a solvent free reaction is demonstrated. In comparison to tert-butanol, the addition of CAPB leads to similar MAG contents in the equilibrium state and furthermore CAPB does not need to be removed from the reaction, because it is an approved additive in cosmetic products. Additionally it acts as a solubilizer in the product mixture. By adding 5 wt% of CAPB to the enzymatic glycerolysis of TL, the selectivity towards ML could be increased by 17% compared to the solvent free reaction. Also in the enzymatic esterification of glycerol and lauric acid the addition of 5 wt% CAPB shows an increase in selectivity towards ML up to 9% compared to the solvent free esterification. The major function is a direct influence on the phase behavior of the reaction mixture.
Family Culture as Context for Learning through Inquiry

Abstract Prior research shows that participation within communities of practice shapes children’s development of repertoires of practice—ways of engaging in activities within a cultural community. Families are a privileged community for learning because of the extensive time spent together, the intimate nature of family relations, and the importance of this time for learning before children enter schools. It is therefore important to explore how culture shapes children’s learning in the family context. I seek to understand what the concept of family culture explicates about young children’s learning through inquiry and how children participate in shaping family culture. Drawing on Nasir, Rosebery, Warren, and Lee’s definition of culture, I explore how family culture serves as substrate—resources for interaction—that can be built, reified, and transformed in interaction. Using the analytical lens of Domain of Value (DoV)—constellations of valued purposes and practices associated with collections of phenomena—I present a case study of two families and how an understanding of a family DoV contextualizes moments of learning through inquiry. This analysis supports understanding how the contextual horizon traced through interactional histories sheds light on practices children draw upon when inquiring about their world with others. Through this analysis I explore how family culture serves as context for learning and how children shape that culture. By explicating the role of family culture on children’s learning, this work contributes to understanding cultural variability. This work also pushes against monolithic representations of cultural communities and narratives of any singular “normal” developmental pathway. Finally, this work demonstrates the competence and brilliance of young children as they co-construct inquiry about their world, shape their family culture, and then connect to these cultural resources in new contexts.
Pengaruh Promo Cashback Berbagai Jenis e-Payment Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen (Studi Kasus : Chatime Indonesia)

Perkembangan penjualan minuman bubble tea sangat drastis meningkat. Salah satu usaha minuman bubble tea yang digemari masyarakat Indonesia adalah Chatime. Chatime menjadi top brand minuman bubble teratas di Indonesia untuk tahun 2016 – 2019. Tingginya konsumsi produk Chatime tidak hanya dikarenakan kualitas produk yang baik tetapi juga didukung pemasaran yang berkembang seiring perkembangan teknologi dan komunikasi, khususnya financial technology yaitu platform E-Payment. Kemudahan pembayaran serta sering diberikannya promo membuat penggunaan E-Payment semakin meningkat. Berdasarkan data lembaga survey Nielsen tahun 2016, promo dalam bentuk cashback yang paling diminati konsumen dalam pembelian produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh promo cashback berbagai jenis E-Payment terhadap loyalitas konsumen (studi kasus: Chatime Indonesia). Metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di beberapa outlet Chatime Indonesia di Jakarta. Target penelitian adalah konsumen Chatime Indonesia dengan teknik non probability sampling, metode multi stage sampling yaitu Insidental Sampling dan Purposive Sampling sebanyak 100 responden. Pengumpulan data dengan Instrument kuisoner. Analisis data dengan analisis statistika regresi menggunakan aplikasi software SPSS for windows 20. Hasil didapatkan hipotesis diterima dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000 t tabel (1,99045) artinya ada pengaruh program promosi cashback terhadap loyalitas konsumen di Chatime. Loyalitas Konsumen dipengaruhi oleh promosi cashback sebesar 76,6% sedangkan sisanya 23,4% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Saran yang dapat disampaikan dapat melanjutkan penelitian terkait faktor lain yang memengaruhi loyalitas konsumen. Serta bagi pelaku bisnis lain dapat menggunakan alternative promo cashback sebagai pilihan promosi produk. Kata Kunci: Promosi; E-Payment; Loyalitas, OVO; GOPAY; Shopeepay
Snags in mobile money in developing economies

Lessening snags in the management of mobile money systems is a fundamental prerequisite. The study was motivated by the continuous mobile money management snags. Previous studies in developing economies focused mainly on technological algorithm for mobile money systems with untraceable attention given to management matters. The study aimed at lessening snags in the management of mobile money system. Underpinned by activity theory and guided by an interpretive paradigm, a qualitative inquiry was conducted. Semi‐structured interviews and internal document review formed the key data instruments. Expert purposive sampling was adopted, data thematically analyzed and themes mapped on activity theory nodes. The study revealed inadequate monitoring of the mobile money agents, insufficient confidentiality and privacy in financial transactions; use of general accounts for financial transactions, use of generic guidelines and polices, third party involvement in sensitive mobile money activities and weak staff recruitment policies as the key findings. Managerial implications for the study include online registration of customers, introduction of online transaction monitoring, online categorization of mobile money accounts, digital financial crime checks, digital validation of customer identities and continuous review and updates of mobile money guidelines.
Determination of Oridonin and Ponicidin in Rabdosia rubescens by HPLC

Objective: To establish a quality control method for Rabdosia rubescens . Methods: HPLC analysis was carried out for the determination of oridonin and ponicidin with C 18 column and methanol-water(55∶45) as the mobile phase.The detection wavelength was 238 nm. Results: The liner range was 0.152～1.52 μg/ml( r =0.999 8,n =5,oridonin),0.2～2μg/ml( r =0.999 2,n =5,ponicidin). The average recovery was 99.1%( RSD = 0.4%,oridonin),98.0%( RSD =0.6%,ponicidin). Conclusion: The method was proved to be precise,sensitive and reliable.It can be used for the quality control of Rabdosia rubescens .
Synthesis and Morphological Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) Supported on Anodized Titanium Oxide (TiO2) Nanotubes

Increasing interest of attachment gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes has been devoted to give tremendous properties suitable for catalysis application. Nevertheless, achieving precise control of attachment AuNPs on the TiO2 nanotubes substrate by conventional methods such as thermal evaporation and conservative heating are far from satisfactory. Herein, in this work a new approach has been developed to synthesize controlled and uniformed attachment of AuNPs onto electrochemically-anodized TiO2 nanotubes by deposition-precipitation method. The structural and elemental characterizations of the supported AuNPs are carried out by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The FESEM image showed the anodized TiO2 nanotube with good morphological structure is successfully fabricated at a voltage of 20 V and in a mixture electrolyte of ethylene glycol containing 0.5 wt% ammonium fluoride solutions with an average nanotubes diameter of 87 nm. Meanwhile, the attachment of AuNPs on the fabricated TiO2 nanotubes has been effectively achieved for both calcined and uncalcined samples. The EDX analysis has confirmed the deposition of AuNPs over the TiO2 nanotubes. The results showed that we had succeeded in synthesizing the AuNPs supported on the anodized TiO2 nanotubes, which provide superior metal-metal oxide synthetic devices for diverse applications.
Double Electron-Electron Resonance Measured Between Gd3+ Ions and Nitroxide Radicals

Double electron−electron resonance has attracted growing attention as a technique to study structure and conformational changes of biomacromolecules. Here, a new combination of paramagnetic labels is experimentally tested, one being a commonly used nitroxide radical, and the other being a Gd3+ ion. The Gd3+−nitroxide spin pair can serve as a good substitute for the nitroxide−nitroxide pair of spin labels and potentially provides a link to other experimental approaches dealing with structural information.
Simplified Spectral Model of 3D Meander Flow

Most 2D (two-dimensional) models either take vertical velocity profiles as uniform, or consider secondary flow in momentum equations with presupposed velocity profiles, which weakly reflect the spatio-temporal characteristics of meander flow. To tackle meander flow in a more accurate 3D (three-dimensional) way while avoiding low computational efficiency, a new 3D model based on spectral methods is established and verified in this paper. In the present model, the vertical water flow field is expanded into polynomials. Governing equations are transformed by the Galerkin method and then advection terms are tackled with a semi-Lagrangian method. The simulated flow structures of an open channel bend are then compared with experimental results. Although a zero-equation turbulence model is used in this new 3D model, it shows reasonable flow structures, and calculation efficiency is comparable to a depth-averaged 2D model.
Effect of SiO2 nanoparticles embedded in the electrode layer on the efficiency of organic solar cells

The effect of spherical SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in the electrode layer of PEDOT:PSS on the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSC) based on small molecules was studied in detail. We show that embedding SiO2 NPs of 50 nm in diameter increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by 15%, and this increase weakly depends on the NPs concentration in the buffer layer. Also, we calculated the interaction of radiation with a model three-layer system (ITO, buffer layer, active layer) with embedded NPs in buffer layer and analyzed the directional patterns of spherical SiO2 NPs of various sizes in such a three-layer system. The calculation results allow interpreting the experimental results on increasing the PCE as a result of light scattering by the NPs.
Pressure enhanced thermoelectric properties in Mg2Sn

The pressure dependence of the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of Mg2Sn are investigated by using a modified Becke and Johnson exchange potential, including spin–orbit coupling. The corresponding value of spin–orbit splitting at the Γ point is 0.47 eV, which is in good agreement with the experimental value of 0.48 eV. With increasing pressure, the energy band gap first increases, and then decreases. In certain doping range, the power factor for n-type has the same trend with energy band gap, when the pressure increases. Calculated results show that the pressure can lead to a significantly enhanced power factor in n-type doping at the critical pressure, which can be understood by the pressure inducing accidental degeneracy of the conduction band minimum (CBM) at the critical pressure. It is also found that the corresponding lattice thermal conductivity near the critical pressure shows a relatively small value. These results make us believe that thermoelectric properties of Mg2Sn can be improved in n-type doping by pressure.