Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman: The Triumph of Injustice: How the Rich Dodge Taxes and How to Make Them Pay

The book The Triumph of Injustice: How the Rich Dodge Taxes and How to Make Them Pay (Saez and Zucman, 2019) by Berkley professors Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman is mainly a book about taxation in the United States. It contains some comparisons to other countries and is certainly relevant beyond the US. The book gives a short overview of the history of taxation in the US and describes how a tax system that used to be highly progressive (meaning that richer people paid a higher share of their income in taxes than poorer people) became less and less progressive, up to the point where the richest of the rich pay a lower fraction of their income in taxes than the middle class, which is the case at the moment.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping using Fuzzy C-Means and Fuzzy C-Modes Methods in Wonosobo Regency, Indonesia

Wonosobo has a topography that is susceptible to a landslide. Mapping the level of landslide susceptibility is essential to provide information on areas with a high level of landslide susceptibility. This study aims to map the level of landslide susceptibility in Wonosobo Regency from the clustering results. The variables used as the basis for clustering are slope, rainfall, land use, and soil type. The original data of these variables are numerical but can be categorized based on the susceptibility level. Clustering with numerical data uses the fuzzy C-means (FCM) method, and categorical data is processed using the fuzzy C-modes (FCMO) method. FCMO has an algorithm that is almost the same as FCM. The main differences are in the dissimilarity measurement and the mode use as the cluster center instead of the cluster mean. Two cluster validation indices are used to determine the optimal number of clusters, namely the Xie Beni index and the modified partition coefficient index. The validity index results indicate that the best cluster is yielded by FCMO method with 4 clusters. Thus, the landslide susceptibility mapping in Wonosobo can be divided into 4 levels, namely not susceptible, slightly susceptible, highly susceptible.
Ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature predicts prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in cutaneous melanoma

Purpose Ferroptosis-related lncRNAs are promising biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of many cancers. However, a ferroptosis-related signature to predict the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has not been identified. The purpose of this study was to construct a ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in CM. Methods Ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FDEGs) and lncRNAs (FDELs) were identified using TCGA, GTEx, and FerrDb datasets. We performed Cox and LASSO regressions to identify key FDELs, and constructed a risk score to stratify patients into high- and low-risk groups. The lncRNA signature was evaluated using the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and Kaplan-Meier analyses in the training, testing, and entire cohorts. Multivariate Cox regression analyses including the lncRNA signature and common clinicopathological characteristics were performed to identify independent predictors of overall survival (OS). A nomogram was developed for clinical use. We performed gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) to identify significantly enriched pathways. Differences in the tumor microenvironment (TME) between the 2 groups were assessed using 7 algorithms. To predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), we analyzed the association between PD1 and CTLA4 expression and the risk score. Finally, differences in Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) and molecular drugs Sensitivity between the 2 groups were performed. Results We identified 5 lncRNAs (AATBC, AC145423.2, LINC01871, AC125807.2, and AC245041.1) to construct the risk score. The AUC of the lncRNA signature was 0.743 in the training cohort and was validated in the testing and entire cohorts. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that the high-risk group had poorer prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression showed that the lncRNA signature was an independent predictor of OS with higher accuracy than traditional clinicopathological features. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probabilities for CM patients were 92.7%, 57.2%, and 40.2% with an AUC of 0.804, indicating a good accuracy and reliability of the nomogram. GSEA showed that the high-risk group had lower ferroptosis and immune response. TME analyses confirmed that the high-risk group had lower immune cell infiltration (e.g., CD8+ T cells, CD4+ memory-activated T cells, and M1 macrophages) and lower immune functions (e.g., immune checkpoint activation). Low-risk patients whose disease expressed PD1 or CTLA4 were likely to respond better to ICIs. The analysis demonstrated that the TMB had significantly difference between low- and high- risk groups. Chemotherapy drugs, such as sorafenib, Imatinib, ABT.888 (Veliparib), Docetaxel, and Paclitaxel showed Significant differences in the estimated IC50 between the two risk groups. Conclusion Our novel ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature was able to accurately predict the prognosis and ICI outcomes of CM patients. These ferroptosis-related lncRNAs might be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CM.
An Innovative Formulation Based on Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Imatinib Delivery: Pre-Formulation, Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity Studies

Imatinib (IMT) is a tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitor and extensively used for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). A nanostructured lipid carrier system (NLCS) containing IMT was developed by using emulsification–sonication methods. The characterization of the developed formulation was performed in terms of its particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, sterility, syringeability, stability, in vitro release kinetics with mathematical models, cellular uptake studies with flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and cytotoxicity for CRL-1739 cells. The particle size, PDI, loading capacity and zeta potential of selected NLCS (F16-IMT) were found to be 96.63 ± 1.87 nm, 0.27 ± 0.15, 96.49 ± 1.46% and −32.7 ± 2.48 mV, respectively. F16-IMT was found to be stable, thermodynamic, sterile and syringeable through an 18 gauze needle. The formulation revealed a Korsmeyer–Peppas drug release model of 53% at 8 h, above 90% of cell viability, 23.61 µM of IC50 and induction of apoptosis in CRL-1739 cell lines. In the future, F16-IMT can be employed to treat GISTs. A small amount of IMT loaded into the NLCSs will be better than IMT alone for therapy for GISTs. Consequently, F16-IMT could prove to be useful for effective GIST treatment.
Decrease of IL-1β and TNF in the Spinal Cord Mediates Analgesia Produced by Ankle Joint Mobilization in Complete Freund Adjuvant-Induced Inflammation Mice Model

Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of ankle joint mobilization (AJM) on mechanical hyperalgesia and peripheral and central inflammatory biomarkers after intraplantar (i.pl.) Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation. Methods Male Swiss mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 7): Saline/Sham, CFA/Sham, and CFA/AJM. Five AJM sessions were carried out at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after CFA injection. von Frey test was used to assess mechanical hyperalgesia. Tissues from paw skin, paw muscle and spinal cord were collected to measure pro-inflammatory (TNF, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1) by ELISA. The macrophage phenotype at the inflammation site was evaluated by Western blotting assay using the Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 (NOS 2) and Arginase-1 immunocontent to identify M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. Results Our results confirm a consistent analgesic effect of AJM following the second treatment session. AJM did not change cytokines levels at the inflammatory site, although it promoted a reduction in M2 macrophages. Also, there was a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF in the spinal cord. Conclusion Taken together, the results confirm the anti-hyperalgesic effect of AJM and suggest a central neuroimmunomodulatory effect in a model of persistent inflammation targeting the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF.
Multiple-Load Induction Cooking Application with Three-Leg Inverter Configuration

Inverter configurations for multiple-load induction cooking applications need development. Inverter configurations for induction cooking applications are used in home appliances based on single coil inverters. For multiple-load configurations, multiple coils are used. They require proper inverters, which provide independent control for each load and have fewer components. This paper presents a three-leg inverter configuration for three load induction cooking applications. Each induction coil powers one induction cooking load. This configuration operates with constant switching frequency and powers individual loads. The output power of the required load is controlled with a phase-shift control technique. This configuration is simulated and experimentally tested with three induction loads. The simulation and experimental results are in good agreement. This configuration can be extended to more loads.
A comparative study to analyse the efficacy of platelet rich plasma versus corticosteroids in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis

Introduction: Chronic plantar fasciitis accounts for 15% of all foot disorders, with 10% of the population affected over their lifetime. PRP is a biological blood-derived autologous component rich in numerous growth factors and cytokines, which is being widely used in various musculoskeletal disorders in recent times. In this study, we compare the efficacy of PRP with steroid injection in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with unilateral chronic plantar fasciitis who were not responding to conservative management for 6 weeks were included in this study. The study was done at the orthopaedics department at Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, from October 2020 to October 2021. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A [25 patients] received 2 cc of single dose platelet rich plasma [PRP] injection and group B [25 patients] were given 40 mg of 2cc depomedrol injection. Functional outcome was evaluated using visual analog score [VAS] and Foot and ankle ability measure [FAAM] scores at 0,4,8,12,24 weeks. Plantar fascia thickness was measured pre-injection and 6 months post injection using ultrasound. Results: Group A [PRP] had pre-treatment VAS score of 8.5 and an FAAM score of 30.08 after 6 months of follow-up, the score was 1.60 and 82.86, respectively. Whereas in group B [STEROID] had a pretreatment VAS score of 8.3 and FAAM score of 29.96, 6 months follow up a score of 3.85 and 70.18, respectively. Pre-treatment Plantar fascia thickness in group A was and group B was 5.95 and 5.76 respectively. 6 months follow-up study shows thickness of 3.76 and 4.33 in group A and B. Conclusion: Platelet rich plasma was found to be more effective in relieving the symptoms, increases the functional outcome compared to steroids in long term follow up.
An extended WASPAS approach for teaching quality evaluation based on pythagorean fuzzy reducible weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean

Teaching quality evaluation (TQE) can not only improve teachers’ teaching skills, but also provide an important reference for school teaching management departments to formulate teaching reform measures and strengthen teaching management. TQE is a process of grading and ranking a given teachers based on the comprehensive consideration of multiple evaluation criteria by expert. The Maclaurin symmetric mean (MSM), as a powerful aggregation function, can capture the correlation among multiple input data more efficient. Although multitude weighted MSM operators have been developed to handle the Pythagorean fuzzy decision issues, these above operators do not possess the idempotency and reducibility during the procedure of information fusion. To conquer these defects, we present the Pythagorean fuzzy reducible weighted MSM (PFRWMSM) operator and Pythagorean fuzzy reducible weighted geometric MSM (PFRWGMSM) operator to fuse Pythagorean fuzzy assessment information. Meanwhile, several worthwhile properties and especial cases of the developed operators are explored at length. Afterwards, we develop a novel Pythagorean fuzzy entropy based upon knowledge measure to ascertain the weights of attribute. Furthermore, an extended weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method is developed by combining the PFRWMSM operator, PFRWGMSM operator and entropy to settle the decision problems of unknown weight information. The efficiency of the proffered method is demonstrated by a teaching quality evaluation issue, as well as the discussion of sensitivity analysis for decision outcomes. Consequently, a comparative study of the presented method with the extant Pythagorean fuzzy approaches is conducted to display the superiority of the propounded approach.
Leveraging non-lattice subgraphs for suggestion of new concepts for SNOMED CT

Missing hierarchical is-a relations and missing concepts are common quality issues in biomedical ontologies. Non-lattice subgraphs have been extensively studied for automatically identifying missing is-a relations in biomedical ontologies like SNOMED CT. However, little is known about non-lattice subgraphs’ capability to uncover new or missing concepts in biomedical ontologies. In this work, we investigate a lexical-based intersection approach based on non-lattice subgraphs to identify potential missing concepts in SNOMED CT. We first construct lexical features of concepts using their fully specified names. Then we generate hierarchically unrelated concept pairs in non-lattice subgraphs as the candidates to derive new concepts. For each candidate pair of concepts, we conduct an order-preserving intersection based on the two concepts’ lexical features, with the intersection result serving as the potential new concept name suggested. We further perform automatic validation through terminologies in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and literature in PubMed. Applying this approach to the March 2021 release of SNOMED CT US Edition, we obtained 7,702 potential missing concepts, among which 1,288 were validated through UMLS and 1,309 were validated through PubMed. The results showed that non-lattice subgraphs have the potential to facilitate suggestion of new concepts for SNOMED CT.
A Qualitative Study on Innovation and Dimensional Aspects of the Omnichannel Retail Business Model

The purpose of the study is to elucidate linkage of Omnichannel retail business model with innovation and technological advancements. The study is exploratory and qualitative in nature, based on primary and secondary data sources collected from varied retail sectors such as fashion, furniture, eyecare and electronics . The study has used Business Model Canvass (BMC) as a tool for strategic analysis. The study presents findings about business model and strategies in Omnichannel context from Indian retailers. The findings of the study posits four main dimensions resultant of digitalization and technological advancements in Omnichannel retail, namely Omnichannel Intensity, Organizational Structure Integration, Operations and Supply Chain Management Innovation, Data Analytics and Intelligence. Cross-channel Integration and Data Analytics & Intelligence have been found to be contributing enormously towards the strategic growth of Omnichannel retailers, thus emerging as the prominent managerial implications of the study.
Parameter extraction of solar photovoltaic cells and modules using current–voltage characteristics

ABSTRACT The significance of bio-inspired evolutionary algorithms has attracted many applications for obtaining best solutions to their optimisation problems in the past decades. This paper is about the application of one of these algorithms, namely, quantum particle swarm optimisation algorithm for parameter extraction of solar photovoltaic cells using current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. This algorithm has been used here to extract five parameters, namely, photocurrent, saturation current, series resistance, shunt resistance and ideality factor that influence the I–V relationship of single diode model solar photovoltaic cells. This approach has been validated for a cell and a module. Simulations using Matlab software have shown that the simulated I–V characteristics obtained using the extracted parameters have good agreement with the experimental I–V values. The reason for the interest taken in undertaking this work is to suggest a good and an accurate simulator for solar system designers.
Motivating Users to Manage Privacy Concerns in Cyber-Physical Settings—A Design Science Approach Considering Self-Determination Theory

Connectivity is key to the latest technologies propagating into everyday life. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications enable users, machines, and technologically enriched objects (‘Things’) to sense, communicate, and interact with their environment. Albeit making human beings’ lives more comfortable, these systems collect huge quantities of data that may affect human privacy and their digital sovereignty. Engaging in control over individuals by digital means, the data and the artefacts that process privacy-relevant data can be addressed by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and its established instruments. In this paper, we discuss how the theory and its methodological knowledge can be considered for user-centric privacy management. We set the stage for studying motivational factors to improve user engagement in identifying privacy needs and preserving privacy when utilizing or aiming to adapt CPS or IoT applications according to their privacy needs. SDT considers user autonomy, self-perceived competence, and social relatedness relevant for human engagement. Embodying these factors into a Design Science-based CPS development framework could help to motivate users to articulate privacy needs and adopt cyber-physical technologies for personal task accomplishment.
P13.4 - Entwicklung eines kostengünstigen Gaschromatographie-Systems für die Messung von Reifegas mit Kompensation der Temperatureinflüsse auf die Säule

Ethen (auch Ethylen genannt) besitzt als Phytohormon eine hohe Bedeutung für den Reifungsprozess klimakterischer Früchte. Es fördert die Fruchtreife, kann aber auch die Seneszenz einleiten und somit zum Verderb der Früchte beitragen [1, 2]. Dabei wirkt das Ethen selbstverstärkend, da es zum einen die Reife induziert und zum anderen als Stoffwechselprodukt mit der fortschreitenden Reife gebildet wird [3]. Neben seiner Eigenschaft als Hormon kann es daher auch als Marker für den Reifungsgrad der Früchte und somit für deren Qualität herangezogen werden. Eine Überwachung der Ethenbildung nach der Ernte kann somit die Fruchtqualität sicherstellen und die Entwicklung der Fruchtqualität prognostizieren [4, 5]. Deswegen spielt die Messung von Ethen als Reifungsgas klimakterischer Früchte, wie Äpfel, Avocados, Tomaten, Bananen, etc. im fefo-Prozess (first expired first out, engl. für „zuerst abgelaufen zuerst raus“) in der Lebensmittellogistik eine zentrale Rolle zur Vermeidung unnötiger Abfälle [6, 7]. Durch z.B. weite Transportwege tropischer Früchte von Südamerika nach Europa und dem aktuell gängigen first in first out (engl. für „zuerst rein, zuerst raus“) Prinzip, entstehen jährlich größere Mengen an Abfall durch den frühzeitigen Verderb einiger Chargen. Dabei können durch den fefo-Prozess im Reifungsstadium weiter fortgeschrittene Obstchargen mithilfe der Ethendetektion früher in den Handel gelangen als unreifere Chargen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Verderbs ganzer Chargen wird so durch eine produktspezifischere Zustandserkennung verringert, was die entstehende Abfallmenge reduzieren kann [5, 8, 9]. Kleine, analytische Geräte, wie kostengünstige Gaschromatographen (GCs) können daher zur Zustandserkennung der Reife klimakterischer Früchte durch die Ethendetektion beitragen [9–12]. Gaschromatographen sind dabei nötig, um eine ausreichend gute Unterscheidung des Ethens von anderen Gasen und Störfaktoren wie Feuchtigkeit zu erzielen [9]. Um aber solche kleinen GCs in einem größeren Umfang einsetzen zu können, müssen diese zum einen miniaturisiert und robust gestaltet werden. Zum anderen ist ein geringer Bauteilaufwand für die Kostenersparnis der GCs erforderlich. Eine Möglichkeit zur Kostenreduktion besteht dabei in einer Kompensation der Temperatureinflüsse auf die Säule der GC-Einheit. Eine normalerweise nötige präzise Temperaturregelung der Säule wird überflüssig, wodurch Bauteile und Materialkosten eingespart werden können. Im Rahmen der Entwicklung eines miniaturisieren GCs für die Ethenmessung mit einer PLOT-Säule (engl. porous layer open tubular; poröse Schicht, offenes Rohr) und zwei IR-Detektoren, wurde daher die Kompensation der Temperatureinflüsse durch die Retentionsindizes von Testund Referenzgasen auf einer GC-Säule modelliert und anschließend an einem klassischen GC mit einem Pulsed Discharge Detektor (PDD) getestet. Als Referenzgas wurde dabei natürlich vorkommendes CO2 gewählt, da es ubiquitär und leicht detektierbar ist.
Bridgeless high power factor Buck-converter operating in discontinuous capacitor voltage mode

In this paper, a new bridgeless single phase ac-dc power factor correction (PFC) rectifiers based on Buck topology operating in Discontinuous Capacitor Voltage Mode (DCVM) is proposed. The bridgeless topology and the presence of only one or two semiconductor switches in the current flowing path during each interval of the switching cycle result in lower conduction losses compared to the conventional DCVM Buck PFC rectifier. The DCVM operation offers additional advantages such as: zero-voltage turn-off in the power switches, zero-voltage turn-on in the output diode, and continuous input current. Hence, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise emission is minimized. The converter achieves high power factor naturally with low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the input current. Theoretical analysis and experimental results for 100 W/48 Vdc at 100 Vrms line voltage are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The measured conversion efficiency reached 96.4%.