Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Drug Abuse Preventative Intervention among Iranian Medical College Students Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

Introduction During the recent decades, many theoretical models have been introduced to explain and modify the health-related behaviors and influence theory-based education [1, 2]. Each model has its own advantages and weak points; however, none has yet provided a comprehensive framework for interventions on health behaviors [1, 2]. Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model is one of the newest and the most comprehensive models for the behavior change. It is both simple and economical and some studies have confirmed its efficacy in changing health behaviors [3]. IMB was introduced by Jeffrey D Fisher and William A Fisher in 1992 and then in 1996 using the elements of the previous theories, the final conceptual, comprehensive and parsimonious model, which is a thinking and searching guide for the complex behaviors, was announced [4-7]. IMB model as a health behavior change model, which is based on the integration of the theories in social psychology and health education and promotion theories as well, emphasizes on information, motivation and behavioral skills as the basic determinants of the health-related behaviors [7].
Media Coverage of Climate Change in Russia : Theory and Hy

3 As a significant emitter of greenhouse gases and a country rich in fossil fuels, Russia plays a crucial role in achieving a comprehensive solution to climaterelated challenges. Yet, Russia’s official position on climate change has varied considerably since the beginning of global negotiations, with the country playing everything from policy leader to laggard. While there are a number factors that shape domestic policy positions on climate change, this study offers a comprehensive investigation of newspaper coverage on climate change in Russia. How have Russian newspapers discussed the issue since the Yeltsin era? We approach this question by compiling the largest data set of Russian newspaper coverage to date, which includes 11,131 climate-related articles from 65 papers over a roughly 35 year period. After introducing a “computer assisted” approach to measure the core themes running through climate change coverage, we statistically evaluate the nationaland newspaper-level factors associated with how coverage is framed, focusing attention on 23 high circulation papers over the period from 2000 to 2014. We find that national-level predictors—particularly economic conditions—are highly influential of whether climate change is covered and how the issue is framed, while paper-level factors such as the presence of energy interest and ownership structure also have notable effects. Overall, this study offers a rich data set and an array of methods to better understand the drivers of climate communication in Russia.
The curious case of church branding and its impact on church participation

There are mixed opinions in the literature in regards of the appropriateness, relevance, and significance of church branding in encouraging church participation. This study developed and applied „perceived brand orientation‟ construct in church context and examine its impact on church participation. The results indicate that „perceived brand orientation‟ is significantly related to „perceived social benefits‟, „perceived spiritual benefits‟, and church participation. This study highlights the importance of being brand-oriented in order to attract members‟ participation. Relevant implications for church leaders and non-profit researchers are also identified.
Sociable people beware? Investigating smartphone versus nonsmartphone dependency symptoms among young Singaporeans

Our purpose in this web-based study was to relate smartphone and nonsmartphone use to symptoms of mobile phone dependency, and to examine sociability in this context. We used a stratified sampling method to recruit 551 Singaporean undergraduates. The results showed that young smartphone users tended to have greater mobile phone dependency and more severe symptoms than nonsmartphone users did. We found that utilizing mobile Internet and text messaging were both positively associated with smartphone users’ dependency. Regardless of phone type used, the level of sociability of mobile phone users was positively associated with mobile dependency and symptoms of feeling anxious and lost, and withdrawal/escape.
Influence of Social Bonds on Post-Release Survival of Translocated Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Restoration of animal populations sometimes requires the translocation and release of groups into unoccupied areas within their former ranĵ e {Griffith and others 1989). The lont,'-term survival of released animals often depends on how well they adjust to their new surroundings during the first few weeks (Kleiman 1989). Wildlife ecologists think that social species may survive this early post-release period better if they are translocated in their original social units (Ackers 1992, Kleiman 1989). Kleiman (1989) contends that, if social unity cannot he maintained, forced socialization in captivity prior to release may create new social honds that promote post-release survival. In this article, we report on an expcrinicnt in which we tested whether 1) maintenance of family unity or 2) opportunity for social bondinj^ durinj; two weeks of captivity affected survival of translocated hlack-tailed prairie dogs {Cynomys ludovicianus), a highly social species (Hoogland 1995). Average numbers counted in post-release censuses of translo' catcd groups indicated that maintenance of family unity did not improve post-release survival but that holding unrelated animals together in captivity prior to release might have. The differences observed, however, were not significant in either case. Forced socialization, superior nutrition, or both could have induced better average survival in those temporarily held captive. Black'Tailed Prairie Dogs Black-tailed prairie dogs, one of five prairie dog species in North America, range from southern Canada to northern Mexico and from the Rocky Mountain foothills to the eastern Great Plains. They live in harempolygynous, territorial family groups called coteries (Hoogland 1995). A coterie usually consists of a single adult male, three to four adult females, and several nonbreeding offspring (Hoogland 1995). Although black-tailed prairie dogs once populated vast areas of the central North American grasslands, their numbers are now in serious decline from sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis), control by humans, habitat fragmentation, and other factors. The declining abundance of this species and its proposal tor listing under the Endangered Species Act (Van Putten and Miller 1999) bave prompted increasing efforts to reestablish populations by translocation (Truett and others 2001). The apparent selective advantage of their sociality (King 1955, Hoogland 1995) suggests that releasing black-tailed prairie dogs in original family groupings or, alternatively, prc-relcase socialization of animals from different families, might enhance post-release survival. Truett and his colleagues (2001) recommended translocating this species as coterie-coherent units. The maintenance of coterie unity, however, is
Generalised Trust and Organised Group Membership : The More Active the Better ?

Organised group membership has been central in discussions of social capital since generalised trust is believed to be generated through continuous interaction in social relationships. Is this mechanism for social capital generation affected by different levels of involvement by individuals (i.e. passive, active or office-holder) in organised groups? The focus of this paper is to investigate whether active membership makes a difference to individuals’ levels of generalised trust. Young Australians and permanent residents aged 16 to 25 (N=283) participated in this study through an online survey. The findings support previous literature, which found members of organised groups are more trusting than those who do not participate in any group. The results also indicate that the active members were relatively more trusting, as were those who participated in hobby groups. Furthermore, organised groups which were organised by community organisers accommodate more trusting people. However, the number of memberships one holds does not affect one’s level of generalised trust.
Oscillation criteria for nonlinear differential equations with p(t)-Laplacian

Recently there has been an increasing interest in studying $p(t)$-Laplacian equations, an example of which is given in the following form $$ (|u'(t)|^{p(t)-2}u'(t))'+c(t)|u(t)|^{q(t)-2}u(t)= 0, \quad t>0. $$ In particular, the first study of sufficient conditions for oscillatory solution of $p(t)$-Laplacian equations was made by Zhang (2007), but to our knowledge, there has not been a paper which gives the oscillatory conditions by utilizing Riccati inequality. Therefore, we establish sufficient conditions for oscillatory solution of nonlinear differential equations with $p(t)$-Laplacian via Riccati method. The results obtained are new and rare, except for a work of Zhang (2007). We present more detailed results than Zhang (2007).
Effect of clostridium toxins on intestinal epithelial cell morphology.

The thesis explained here is called the “Effect of Clostridium Toxins on Intestinal Epithelial Cell Morphology”. Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive bacterium that causes bowel disorders in humans. They enter human body through food and target the intestinal epithelia to gain entry. They produce two toxins (Toxin A and Toxin B) that help them gain entry through the intestinal epithelial barrier. Caco-2 cells are commonly used as model cell systems to mimic intestinal enterocytes. Thus, it is being studied the effect of the clostridium toxins using Caco-2 and mouse cecum as intestinal epithelia models. The aim of this research is to cross compare these model systems and focus on known pathways like the Rho GTPases signaling (from Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software) along with other important genes and pathways that affect cell morphology. In this regard, the work line is a literature search for genes affected by the effect of Clostridium difficile toxins. Then proceed to use R (statistical scripting language) and Bioconductor packages (maSigPro) to understand the changes occurring in these genes. 2 different datasets will be handled in total: one time points data (mice) and one Caco-2 gene microarray data. Comparing the difference in expression of the genes under the effect of the toxins and under basal conditions after 2 hours and 6 hours in mice cecum and 4.5 hours in Caco2 have revealed the first regulators to be affected after toxins infection. Then, we proceed to relate these significant genes to their pathways to see which ones where the most affected. This systems approach allowed a broad view of the effect of Clostridium difficile infection in two model systems, mice and Caco2. Moreover, the comparison of mice cecum and Caco2 colon-like cells showed diverse toxins effects that are a consequence of differences between these systems.
METHODS THAT WORK: BEST PRACTICES OF ADULT EDUCATORS IN THE USA

The article discusses best practices of American adult educators. The basic terms related to the topic, which are used in academic literature, are defined. Considering the range of terms synonymous to “adult educator” (teacher, instructor, trainer, practitioner, facilitator, mentor, educator, resource person, programme advisor, etc.), the roles adult educators play are described. The article concentrates on identifying the most important barriers to learning of adults (situational, dispositional, institutional, environmental, emotional) understanding of which is necessary for adult educators. Previous experience of adults is described as one of possible reasons for resistance to learning. The paper also reveals methods which adult educators use to overcome the barriers and facilitate adult learners in reaching their educational goals, the importance of flexibility for adult educators, providing choices for adults and ways of getting feedback. The eclectic approach to teaching adults, which may combine learner-centred teaching, content-centred teaching, reflective teaching, cooperative learning, experiential learning, and even traditional teaching, is found to be most appropriate. Thus, the article suggests considering the needs of adults, not adherence to a certain theory or approach, to be of utmost importance for adult educators. Best practices of American adult educators include: theory followed by practice, equal participation, team work, availability of choices, different types of assessment and reflection, which ensure practice, variety and enforcement.
Adaptive visual attention model

Visual attention, defined as the ability of a biological or artificial vision system to rapidly detect potentially relevant parts of a visual scene, provides a general purpose solution for low level feature detection in a vision architecture. Well considered for its universal detection behaviour, the general model of visual attention is suited for any environment but inferior to dedicated feature detectors in more specific environments. The goal of the development presented in this paper is to remedy this disadvantage by providing an adaptive visual attention model that, after its automatic tuning to a given environment during a learning phase, performs similarly well as a dedicated feature detector. The paper proposes the structure of an adaptive visual attention model derived from the saliency visual attention model. The adaptive model is characterized by parameters that act at several feature detection levels. A procedure for automatic tuning the parameters by learning from examples is proposed. The experimental examples provided show the feature selection capacity of the generic visual attention model. The proposed adaptive visual attention model represents a frame for further developments and improvements in adaptive visual attention.
Conformational Dynamics of Trialanine in Water: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Classical molecular dynamics (MD) studies of trialanine in aqueous solution are presented. The investigations have been inspired by recent 2D vibrational spectroscopy experiments of Woutersen and Hamm (J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 11316), who determined the structure and the conformational fluctuations of trialanine. The MD studies include various unbiased 20-ns simulations as well as umbrella sampling calculations of the potential of mean force along the central dihedral angles of trialanine. By employing the GROMOS96 force field, it is predicted that solvated trialanine is predominantly (∼80%) found in the extended conformations β and PII and is also (∼16%) found in the helix conformation αR. The results are explained by analyzing the free-energy contributions of intra- and intermolecular interactions, calculating the absolute entropy of the trialanine molecule, investigating the solvation and hydrogen bonding of the peptide, and studying the transitions between the extended and helix conformations. More.
Applying of the NVIDIA CUDA to the video processing in the task of the roundwood volume estimation

The paper is devoted to the parallel computing. The algorithm for roundwood volume estimation had insufficient performance so it was decided to port its bottleneck part on the GPU. The analysis of various GPGPU techniques was observed and the NVIDIA CUDA technology was chosen for implementation. The results of the research have shown the high potential of the GPU implementation in the improvement performance of the computation. The speedup of the algorithm for the roundwood volume estimation is more than 300% after porting on GPU with implementation of the CUDA technology. This helps to apply the machine vision algorithm in real-time system.
AN ESTIMATION OF OUTPUT GAP IN ROMANIAN ECONOMY USING THE DSGE APPROACH

In this paper I use an open economy DSGE model and estimate it for Romanian economy using Bayesian techniques. Based on estimation I derive a smoothed estimation of the output gap. I compare the results with those from standard procedures to estimate the output gap, the Hodrick Prescott filter, the production function and an unobserved components model. The results show that the DSGE approach can give a better picture of the output gap and it is more consistent with the dynamics of Romanian economy.
Aleister Crowley, the Guardian Angel and Aiwass : the nature of spiritual beings in the philosophies of the great Beast 666

The late nineteenth and early twentieth century occultists saw themselves, more than ever before, confronted with the intrusion of science on their traditional turfs. While occult phenomena were more and more explained by scientific discovery, the new science, psychology, took a stab at the workings of occult ritual. Under influence of these new challenges many occultists moved towards a more psychological interpretation of their rituals. In this paper I will demonstrate how “the great beast 666”, Aleister Crowley, dealt with these challenges and how they effected both his ideas and the development of his final philosophy.
Organic waste treatment for power production and energy supply

Sudan is endowed with abundant solar, wind, hydro, and biomass resources. Like many tropical countries, sudan has ample biomass resources that can be efficiently exploited in a manner that is both profitable and sustainable. Fuel-wood farming offers cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy solutions for Sudan, with the added benefit of providing sustainable livelihoods in rural areas. Biogas from biomass appears to have potential as an alternative energy in Sudan, which is potentially rich in biomass resources. This is an overview of some salient points and perspectives of biomass technology in Sudan. This current literature is reviewed regarding the ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts of biomass technology. This article provides an overview of biomass energy activities and highlights future plans concerning optimum technical and economical utilisation of biomass energy available in Sudan.
Laser arc sound signal processing and welding status recognition based on geometric learning

Laser arc sound signal hides welding status information. It is a great significance to control the welding quality. This paper builds the laser welding of B&K company and four channels input sound and vibration analyzer. Using wavelet base which is db4, combining different methods to decompose laser arc sound signal. These methods include hard threshold, soft threshold and double threshold double factors. The results show that choosing double threshold double factor has the highest SNR. After processing, 1024 consecutive arc sound signal sampling points are selected as a sample, and features are extracted in time domain and frequency domain. Thirty samples are respectively selected from three welding conditions including complete penetration, incomplete penetration and welding wear, which constitute training samples. Twenty samples are respectively selected from three welding conditions, which constitute test samples. test samples are respectively identified by probabilistic neural network(PNN) and multi-weights neural network(MWNN). Results show that the whole recognition rate of multi-weight neural network is higher than the whole recognition rate of the probability neural network.
CAN MASSIVE GRAVITY EXPLAIN THE MASS DISCREPANCY-ACCELERATION RELATION OF DISK GALAXIES?

The empirical mass discrepancy–acceleration (MDA) relation of disk galaxies provides a key test for models of galactic dynamics. In terms of modified laws of gravity and/or inertia, the MDA relation quantifies the transition from Newtonian to modified dynamics at low centripetal accelerations ac � 10 −10 ms −2 . As yet, neither dynamical models based on dark matter nor proposed modifications of the laws of gravity/inertia have predicted the functional form of the MDA relation. In this work, I revisit the MDA data and compare them to four different theoretical scaling laws. Three of these scaling laws are entirely empirical; the fourth one – the “simple µ” function of Modified Newtonian Dynamics – derives from a toy model of gravity based on massive gravitons (the “graviton picture”). All theoretical MDA relations comprise one free parameter of the dimension of an acceleration, Milgrom’s constant aM. I find that the “simple µ” function provides a good fit to the data free of notable systematic residuals and provides the best fit among the four scaling laws tested. The best-fit value of Milgrom’s constant is aM = (1.06 � 0.05) � 10 −10 ms −2 . Given the successful prediction of the functional form of the MDA relation, plus an overall agreement with the observed kinematics of stellar systems spanning eight orders of magnitude in size and 14 orders of magnitude in mass, I conclude that the “graviton picture” is sufficient (albeit probably not a necessary nor unique approach) to describe galactic dynamics on all scales well beyond the scale of the solar system. This suggests that, at least on galactic scales, gravity behaves as if it was mediated by massive particles.
The Precise Inner Solutions of Gravity Field Equations of Hollow and Solid Spheres and the Theorem of Singularity

The precise inner solutions of gravity field equations of hollow and solid spheres are calculated in this paper. To avoid space curvature infinite at the center of solid sphere, we set an integral constant to be zero directly at present. However, according to the theory of differential equation, the integral constant should be determined by the known boundary conditions of spherical surface, in stead of the metric at the spherical center. By considering that fact that the volumes of three dimensional hollow and solid spheres in curved space are different from that in flat space, the integral constants are proved to be nonzero. The results indicate that no matter what the masses and densities of hollow sphere and solid sphere are, there exist space-time singularities at the centers of hollow sphere and solid spheres. Meanwhile, the intensity of pressure at the center point of solid sphere can not be infinite. That is to say, the material can not collapse towards the center of so-called black hole. At the center and its neighboring region of solid sphere, pressure intensities become negative values. There may be a region for hollow sphere in which pressure intensities may become negative values too. The common hollow and solid spheres in daily live can not have such impenetrable characteristics. The results only indicate that the singularity black holes predicated by general relativity are caused by the descriptive method of curved space-time actually. If black holes exist really in the universe, they can only be the Newtonian black holes, not the Einstein’s black holes. The results revealed in the paper are consistent with the Hawking theorem of singularity actually. They can be considered as the practical examples of the theorem.