Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic independence ex machina: Extreme value theory for the diagonal SRE model

We consider multivariate stationary processes (Xt) satisfying a stochastic recurrence equation of the form Xt=𝕄tXt−1+Qt , where (Qt) are i.i. d. random vectors and 𝕄t=Diag(b1+c1Mt,…,bd+cdMt) are i.i. d. diagonal matrices and (Mt) are i.i. d. random variables. We obtain a full characterization of the vector scaling regular variation properties of (Xt) , proving that some coordinates Xt, i and Xt, j are asymptotically independent even though all coordinates rely on the same random input (Mt). We prove the asynchrony of extreme clusters among marginals with different tail indices. Our results are applied to some multivariate autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (BEKK‐ARCH and CCC‐GARCH) processes and to log‐returns. Angular measure inference shows evidences of asymptotic independence among marginals of diagonal SRE with different tail indices.
F100 fan stall flutter problem review and solution

An experimental investigation was conducted to examine an airfoil durability problem in the first fan rotor of the F100 engine. This study incorporated laboratory and simulated engine flight tests, an empirical correlation of aeroelastic stability parameters from engine test data, and substantiation testing of the redesign. The results of this investigation's initial testing showed that rotor failure at high-flight Mach numbers and low altitudes was caused by torsional stall flutter instability. The results of the empirical correlation indicated that a design free of flutter required a decrease in both normalized incidence and reduced velocity. Further, the correlation indicated that the flutter was affected by inlet pressure, a heretofore undocumented phenomenon. The results of the substantiation testing confirmed that the redesign made the rotor flutter-free throughout the entire aircraft flight envelope. It was concluded that an improved stall flutter analysis was required to ensure stable fan and compressor rotor designs. It was further concluded that the effect of changes in inlet pressure level on rotor stability was, in part, the result of the accompanying changes in air density and steady-state aerodynamic loading.
Immediate analgesic effect of two modes of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Objective To compare and assess the immediate analgesic effects of conventional and burst transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods We conducted a three-arm single-blinded randomized controlled trial. A total of 105 patients with non-specific chronic low back pain aged between 18 and 85 years were randomly assigned into the following groups: Placebo Group (sham electrical stimulation), Conventional TENS Group (continuous stimulation at 100Hz for 100µs with sensory intensity), and Burst TENS Group (stimulation at 100Hz modulated at 2Hz for 100µs with motor-level intensity). All groups received a single application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for 30 minutes. The outcomes, namely, pain intensity, quality of pain, and pressure pain threshold were measured by the visual analog scale, McGill pain questionnaire, and algometry, respectively. The patients were evaluated before and immediately after the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation application. Results Pain intensity (visual analog scale score) and quality of pain (McGill pain questionnaire score) significantly decreased (p<0.05) in Intervention Groups (Conventional TENS Group and Burst TENS Group). A positive effect was observed in the interventions compared to the Placebo Group in all domains of the McGill pain questionnaire (p<0.05), excepting for the pain intensity. Pressure pain threshold significantly increased (p<0.05) immediately after the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation application in both Intervention Groups, but not in the Placebo Group. For significant difference was found during assessment when comparing both Intervetion Group. Conclusion Both transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation modes were effective for pain modulation. Moreover, there was an increase in the pressure pain threshold. No significant results were found to indicate the best mode for the treatment of chronic low back pain. Clinical Trial Registration: RBR-59YGRB.
Potential of Quinine Sulfate for COVID-19 Treatment and Its Safety Profile: Review

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently the largest and most serious health crisis in the world. There is no definitive treatment for COVID-19. Vaccine administration has begun in various countries, but no vaccine is 100% effective. Some people are not protected after vaccination, and there are some groups of people who cannot be vaccinated therefore, research on COVID-19 treatment still needs to be done. Of the several drugs under study, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are quite controversial, although they have good activity against SARS-CoV-2, both drugs have serious side effects. Indonesia with its wealth of natural ingredients has one potential compound, quinine sulfate (QS), which has the same structure and activity as CQ and HCQ and a better safety profile. The aim of this article was to review the potential of QS against the SARS-Cov-2 virus and outline its safety profile. We conclude that QS has the potential to be developed as a COVID-19 treatment with a better safety profile than that of CQ and HCQ.
New Single-Preparation Methods for Unsupervised Quantum Machine Learning Problems

The term “machine learning” especially refers to algorithms that derive mappings, i.e., input–output transforms, by using numerical data that provide information about considered transforms. These transforms appear in many problems related to classification/clustering, regression, system identification, system inversion, and input signal restoration/separation. We here analyze the connections between all these problems in the classical and quantum frameworks. We then focus on their most challenging versions, involving quantum data and/or quantum processing means, and unsupervised, i.e., blind, learning. We consider the general single-preparation quantum information processing (SIPQIP) framework that we have recently proposed. It involves methods that can work with a single instance of each (unknown) state, whereas usual methods are quite cumbersome because they have to very accurately create many copies of each (known) state. In our previous papers, we applied the SIPQIP approach to only one task [blind quantum process tomography (BQPT)], but it opens the way to a large range of other types of methods. In this article, we, therefore, propose various new SIPQIP methods that efficiently perform tasks related to system identification (blind Hamiltonian parameter estimation (BHPE), blind quantum channel identification/estimation, and blind phase estimation), system inversion and state estimation (blind quantum source separation (BQSS), blind quantum entangled state restoration (BQSR), and blind quantum channel equalization), and classification. Numerical tests show that our SIPQIP framework, moreover, yields much more accurate estimation than the usual multiple-preparation approach. Our methods are especially useful in a quantum computer, which we propose to more briefly call a “quamputer”: BQPT and BHPE simplify the characterization of quamputer gates; BQSS and BQSR yield quantum gates that may be used to compensate for the nonidealities that alter states stored in quantum registers and open the way to very general self-adaptive quantum gates.
Applying Executable Architectures to Support Dynamic Analysis of C2 Systems

Abstract : This paper describes the development of a methodology to import key products of the DoD Architecture Framework into an executable form to conduct a dynamic analysis of the Command and Control (C2) system or capability represented by the architecture. Dynamic analysis of these models enables a user to assess the impact of change and determine measures of performance and effectiveness. The research team successfully implemented the methodology in a demonstration that made a three-way link among a business process model, a communications network model, and a combat simulation representing the system's operational environment. We linked these models together via the Runtime Infrastructure (RTI) of the High Level Architecture (HLA). Basic HLA interactions that we established allowed key events in the combat simulation to initiate one or more business processes in the process model. As a business process proceeded in time, the process model requested from the communications model a delay time that represented the time required to pass information through the network from one node to another. We extracted measures of performance and effectiveness from the simulation runs to conduct the dynamic analysis of the system in question.
Distributed pH and water detection using fiber-optic sensors and hydrogels

This paper reports on the design, construction and test of a sensor for detecting the presence of water as a function of position along an optical fiber length. The technique combines Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) with chemically sensitive water swellable polymers (hydrogels). Initial experiments have shown that the sensor is capable of detecting water ingress points as small as 50 cm in length over lengths of sensor in excess of 100 m. The sensor has been assembled into a robust cable configuration which allowed it to be installed into a representative bridge structure without the need for special handling precautions. Once installed the sensor gave meaningful information on the location of voided regions during a cement grouting process. The present gel system is primarily a water detector however through varying the composition of the gel the sensor can be tuned to respond to different trigger stimulus such as pH response. >
Fast prototype‐based design approach to highly miniaturized LTCC BPFS for WLAN/WIMAX dual‐mode applications

A novel and fast prototype‐based approach is presented to design LTCC band pass filters (BPFs) using two reflection zeros for 2.4 GHz WLAN / 2.3 GHz worldwide interoperability for microwave access dual‐mode applications. The proposed approach derives quite compact formulas for synthesizing a filter prototype to meet the specification requirements in the passband insertion loss and stopband attenuation. From real‐time prototype simulation prediction, one can efficiently minimize the filter size under various electrical specifications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:8–11, 2014
Ultrabroadband 8 × 8 Butler matrix designed with the use of multisection directional couplers and phase correction networks

An innovative approach that allows for realization of ultrabroadband 8 × 8 Butler matrices has been proposed. It is shown that such a matrix can be divided into two pairs of identical 4 × 4 submatrices, which appropriately connected constitute an ultrabroadband 8 × 8 Butler matrix. To achieve broadband operation in terms of amplitude multisection symmetrical coupled‐line directional couplers are used. Moreover, it has been shown that all the required broadband phase shifters can be realized with the use of tandem connections of two 3‐dB/90° directional couplers in conjunction with Schiffman C‐sections. To achieve that, four intentionally selected crossovers have been realized as tandem connections of two 3‐dB/90° coupled‐line directional couplers and appropriate Schiffman C‐sections have been added to the outer channels within each 4 × 4 submatrix. The proposed concept has been used for the design of an 8 × 8 Butler matrix operating in the frequency range 1.8–12 GHz and the measurements of the manufactured network are shown. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1375–1380, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26805
One-pot Construction of Sulfur-Rich Thermoplastic Elastomers Enabled by Metal-free Self-Switchable Catalysis and Air-Assisted Coupling.

Construction of well-defined sulfur-rich macromolecules in a facile manner is an interesting but challenging topic. Herein, we disclose how to readily construct well-defined triblock sulfur-rich thermoplastic elastomers via self-switchable isothiocyanates/episulfides copolymerization and air-assisted oxidative coupling strategy. During self-switchable polymerization, alternating copolymerization of isothiocyanate and episulfide occurs initially due to the lower energy barrier for isothiocyanate insertion with respect to successive episulfide ring-opening. After exhaustion of isothiocyanate, ring-opening polymerization of episulfide initiates, providing diblock polymers. Subsequent exposing the reaction to air leads to a quantificational transform of diblock copolymers into triblock thermoplastic elastomers. This protocol can be extended to diverse isothiocyanates and episulfides, allowing fine tailor of the performance for the produced sulfur-rich thermoplastic elastomers.
New Achievements in the Rotor Field-Oriented Control for Autonomous Locomotives : Part 2: Control Implementation and Experimental Performances at Low Speed

The paper is dedicated to the experimental determination of the performances of the traction system of an autonomous electric locomotive. The traction system is composed by the voltage inverter and induction motors and its control is based on the indirect rotor field-oriented control (IFOC) method. For this particular application, the IFOC implementation has some major difficulties. First, the motors’ voltage cannot be used for vector field identification because it is strong distorted. On the other part, the control structure contains four controllers distributed on the two interconnected control ways and their tuning is very complicate. In order to mitigate these difficulties, the authors have developed a modified structure by using two hysteresis current controllers. Next, the control algorithm has been developed and implemented on the dSPACE 1104 DSP board. In order to test the entire system, a dedicated experimental stand that uses the recovery of the mechanical energy of the motor was used. The experimental evaluation was performed to determine the dynamic and static performances over entire speed domain.
Improving Inverter Output Current Controller Under Unbalanced Conditions by Using Virtual Impedance

Nowadays, three-phase inverters have been commonly used in power systems, especially in renewable energy and motor drives applications. In many applications, the inverter has to generate balanced sinusoidal three-phase currents even though it is connected to an unbalanced system. Methods to suppress unbalanced currents commonly use decomposition of the unbalanced currents to their positive and negative sequence components. Thus, the positive and negative sequence currents can be controlled separately. However, this method is complicated because of the existence of sequence transformation block, a lot of signals to be controlled, and affect the transient response significantly. This paper proposes a novel method with detailed analysis to balance the inverter output currents under unbalanced AC side conditions without sequence transformation and affecting the transient response. The proposed method is based on virtual impedance concept that is inserted in series to the inverter output. The proposed virtual impedance is an additional control algorithm that changes the inverter behaviour into the one that has a real impedance connected to it. As it is virtual, the virtual impedance can be designed in such a way so that just the unbalanced signal is affected. Because there is no sequence transformation, the positive and negative sequence currents are not controlled separately. Simulation and experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method to suppress 12.13% current unbalance to only 2.27%. Meanwhile, the result is also compared to the conventional dual-reference method, proving the proposed method does not affect the transient response of the current reference.
Back Analysis on Mechanical Deformation Parameters of Columnar Jointed Rock Mass

The rock mass with polycrystalline aggregates is common geomaterial in civil and architectural engineering as well as hydraulic and hydro-power engineering. For this kind of geometerials, the study on the joint deformation parameters Kn and Ks and the calculation method are not enough so far. Focusing on the rock mechanics and engineering problems of columnar jointed rock mass related to Baihetan hydropower project, analytical models and numerical method based on 3DEC are employed to study the mechanical parameters. The joint deformation parameters Kn and Ks are back analysis using GRNN and the field data of load-bearing plate tests. The application shows that the calculation results are in good accordance with in-situ test results.
Analysis of mixed model in gear transmission based on ADAMS

The traditional method of mechanical gear driving simulation includes gear pair method and solid to solid contact method. The former has higher solving efficiency but lower results accuracy; the latter usually obtains higher precision of results while the calculation process is complex, also it is not easy to converge. Currently, most of the researches are focused on the description of geometric models and the definition of boundary conditions. However, none of them can solve the problems fundamentally. To improve the simulation efficiency while ensure the results with high accuracy, a mixed model method which uses gear tooth profiles to take the place of the solid gear to simulate gear movement is presented under these circumstances. In the process of modeling, build the solid models of the mechanism in the SolidWorks firstly; Then collect the point coordinates of outline curves of the gear using SolidWorks API and create fit curves in Adams based on the point coordinates; Next, adjust the position of those fitting curves according to the position of the contact area; Finally, define the loading conditions, boundary conditions and simulation parameters. The method provides gear shape information by tooth profile curves; simulates the mesh process through tooth profile curve to curve contact and offer mass as well as inertia data via solid gear models. This simulation process combines the two models to complete the gear driving analysis. In order to verify the validity of the method presented, both theoretical derivation and numerical simulation on a runaway escapement are conducted. The results show that the computational efficiency of the mixed model method is 1.4 times over the traditional method which contains solid to solid contact. Meanwhile, the simulation results are more closely to theoretical calculations. Consequently, mixed model method has a high application value regarding to the study of the dynamics of gear mechanism.
AN APPROACH FOR DETECTION OF PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA

In this paper the research is focused on novel automated classification system for primary open angle glaucoma, based on image features from fundus photographs. Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of eye blindness and is becoming even more important considering the ageing society. A new data-driven approach is developed which requires no manual supervision. Here, our goal is to establish a screening system that allows fast, robust and automated detection of glaucomatous changes in the eye fundus. A study done already has revealed that the juxtapapillary diameters of the retinal vessels such as superior temporal and inferior temporal artery and vein have been shown to be significantly smaller in glaucomatous eyes than in normal eyes. This aspect is used by us for Glaucoma suspect Detection. Firstly, disease independent variations, such as nonuniform illumination, size differences, are eliminated from the images. Region of Interest around Optic disc which contains the mentioned vessels is extracted via Pre-processing algorithm. Simple vessel segmentation strategy is used for vessel detection. Vessel Threshold comparator algorithm predicts the suspect of disease using vessel diameter constraints.
Investigation of Multi-Mesa-Channel-Structured AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMTs with SiO2 Gate Oxide Layer

In this study, an electron-beam lithography system was employed to pattern 80-nm-wide and 980-nm-spaced multi-mesa-channel for fabricating AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOSHEMTs). Since the structure of multi-mesa-channel could enhance gate control capabilities and reduce the self-heating effect in the channel, the performance of the MOSHEMTs could be obviously improved. The direct current performance metrics of the multi-mesa-channel-structured MOSHEMTs, such as a saturation drain-source current of 929 mA/mm, maximum extrinsic transconductance of 223 mS/mm, and on-resistance of 2.1 Ω-mm, were much better than those of the planar-structured MOSHEMTs. Moreover, the threshold voltage of the multi-mesa-channel-structured MOSHEMTs shifted toward positive voltage from −2.6 to −0.6 V, which was attributed to the better gate control capability. Moreover, the multi-mesa-channel-structured MOSHEMTs also had superior high-frequency and low-frequency noise performance. A low Hooge’s coefficient of 1.17 × 10−6 was obtained.
Multi-UCAV Air Combat Task Assignment under Uncertain Information Environment

For UAV air combat task assignment problem, this paper presents an analysis method. Firstly, we analyzes the unmanned combat situation, establish the UAV air combat situation advantage function and interval information combat task allocation model. And then put forward multi-UAV air combat decision method of the discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm based on interval number sequence. Finally, we carry on the simulation, the simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively and reasonably solve the problem of multi-UAV air combat decision.
Erythrocytic Antioxidant Enzymes, Plasma Malondialdehyde and Haemoglobin Levels in Plasmodium Falciparum Infected Malaria Patients in Lagos, Nigeria

This study investigated the effect of malaria parasitaemia on Plasmodium falciparum infected human erythrocytes oxidative stress biomarkers and haemoglobin levels. Seventy (70) human subjects of fifty (50) P. falciparum positive and twenty (20) control subjects between the ages of 10-60 years were selected for this study. Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and microscopy were used to identify P. falciparum. The samples were matched based on age, sex and level of parasitaemia. Samples of blood were collected for the determination of P. falciparum, level of parasitaemia, anti-oxidant assay and haemoglobin levels; to assess the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein (PRO), reduced glutathione (GSH), haemoglobin and Parasite density. Haemoglobin level was determined using a Coulter A-T Pierce haematology analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Inc. Fullerton, CA, USA). This study showed that the mean level of PRO, CAT, MDA and SOD was significantly higher among the P. falciparum positive patients to those in the control while GPx level was lower, also, the mean level of HGB was significantly lower in the P. falciparum positive patients to those in the control. MDA, SOD, GSH and PRO level were higher among age group (10-20) in the P. falciparum infected patients and lower in the control subjects when compared to other age groups. MDA, SOD and PRO level were higher in the males than the females in both the malaria positive and controls. This study indicates that high parasitaemic patients are at greater risk of anaemia and oxidative stress compared to low parasitaemic ones.