Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NDT_A_281530 2975..2987

1Department of Neurotrauma, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Acupuncture, Lianyungang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang City 222000, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People’s Republic of China
Seeing the Light: Optics in Nature, Photography, Color, Vision, and Holography

Fundamental Properties of Light. Principles of Geometrical Optics. Mirrors and Lenses. The Camera and Photography. The Human Eye and Vision I: Producing the Image. Optical Instruments. The Human Eye and Vision II: Processing the Image. Binocular Vision and the Perception of Depth. Color. Color Perception Mechanisms. Color Photography. Wave Optics. Scattering and Polarization. Holography. Light in Modern Physics. Mathematical Appendixes. References. Index.
NUTRITIONAL VALUES IN SHELL AND FLESH OF THE GIANT TIGER PRAWN PENAEUS MONODON (FABRICIUS, 1798) and

:The current study was aimed to provide the nutritional information of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus monodon. The samples were collected from the fishing harbour at Visakhapatnam, east coast of India. Twenty different samples were selected randomly for the biochemical analysis. The nutritional parameters like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, moisture and ash were estimated both in shell and flesh of the shrimp. The protein content in the flesh (51.34±0.51) was higher than that of shell (37.49±0.32). Similarly the carbohydrate content of the flesh was higher (3.38±0.05) than the shell (2.49±0.02). The lipid content was lower in flesh (4.72±0.11) than that of shell (6.95±0.21). Highest level of moisture content was noticed in the flesh (15.59±0.42) than that of shell (13.70±0.18). The ash content was minimum in flesh (12.38±0.72) in contrast to the shell of the shrimp (22.41±0.29). Based on the above results we recommended that shrimp contains good amount of nutritional substances which are required for the good choice of food supplement in human nutrition.
Complete Plastome Sequences of Picea asperata Mast., P. crassifolia Kom. and Comparative Analyses with P. abies and

2 Picea asperata and P. crassifolia have sympatric ranges and are closely related, but 3 the differences between these species at the plastome level are unknown. To better 4 understand the patterns of variation among Picea plastomes, the complete plastomes 5 of P. asperata and P. crassifolia were sequenced. Then, the plastomes were compared 6 with the complete plastomes of P. abies and P. morrisonicola , which are closely and 7 distantly related to the focal species, respectively. We also used these sequences to 8 construct phylogenetic trees to determine the relationships among and between the 9 four species as well as additional taxa from Pinaceae and other gymnosperms. 10 Analysis of our sequencing data allowed us to identify 438 single nucleotide 11 polymorphism (SNPs) point mutation events, 95 indel events, four inversion events, 12 and seven highly variable regions, including six gene spacer regions ( psbJ-petA , 13 trnT-psaM , trnS-trnD , trnL-rps4 , psaC-ccsA , and rps7-trnL ) and one gene ( ycf1 ). The 14 highly variable regions are appropriate targets for future use in the phylogenetic 15 reconstructions of closely related, sympatric Picea species as well as Pinaceae in 16 general.
Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is a Determinant of Respiratory Virus Entry and Tropism (cid:1)

Respiratory viruses exert a heavy toll of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite this burden there are few speciﬁc treatments available for respiratory virus infections. Since many viruses utilize host cell enzymatic machinery such as protein kinases for replication, we determined whether pharmacological inhibition of kinases could, in principle, be used as a broad antiviral strategy for common human respiratory virus infections. A panel of green ﬂuorescent protein (GFP)-expressing recombinant respiratory viruses, including an isolate of H1N1 inﬂuenza virus (H1N1/Weiss/43), was used to represent a broad range of virus families responsible for common respiratory infections ( Adenoviridae , Paramyxoviridae , Picornaviridae , and Orthomyxo- viridae ). Kinase inhibitors were screened in a high-throughput assay that detected virus infection in human airway epithelial cells (1HAEo-) using a ﬂuorescent plate reader. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was able to signiﬁcantly inhibit replication by all viruses tested. Therefore, the pathways involved in virus-mediated p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK activation were investigated using bronchial epithelial cells and primary ﬁbroblasts derived from MyD88 knockout mouse lungs. Inﬂuenza virus, which activated p38 MAPK to approximately 10-fold-greater levels than did respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 1HAEo- cells, was internalized about 8-fold faster and more completely than RSV. We show for the ﬁrst time that p38 MAPK is a determinant of virus infection that is dependent upon MyD88 expression and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligation. Imaging of virus-TLR4 interactions showed signiﬁcant clustering of TLR4 at the site of virus-cell interaction, triggering phosphorylation of downstream targets of p38 MAPK, suggesting the need for a signaling receptor to activate virus internalization.
Evaluation of mutual fund performance and advisory fees in China

When people invest in mutual funds, they invest in talents of portfolio management. They obtain return from mutual funds’ active strategies and pay for the service of their investment advisor at the same time. This paper aims to evaluate the mutual fund performance and advisory fees in China to shed light on the answer to the question of whether it is rational to invest in mutual funds in China. This paper investigates the performance and advisory fees of 55 Chinese equity mutual funds during the period 2005-2007. The findings of the empirical test seem not in favor of mutual fund industry in China. First, the result of Jensen’s alpha denies the ability of mutual fund managers to beat the passive investment strategy. This may also be interpreted as the capital market in China is efficient. Second, based on the analysis of economies of scale, managers may overcharge advisory fees. In other words, shareholders pay a premium for conflicts of interest in China. Third, in the regression of returns and advisory fees, there is no relation between them. Performance and expense of managed skills in mutual funds are unrelated.
KERNEL MODELS FOR COMPLEX NETWORKS

We advocate the study of complex network models based on kernel functions. These are hybrids between macroscopic random graph models for networks with heavy tailed statistics (or other desired structural characteristics), and microscopic models that incorporate network semantics. In particular, kernel-based models assign explicit semantics to network elements (nodes and links), while they maintain the conceptual and implementational simplicity of random graph models.
The effect of feeding on aminopeptidase and non-speci (cid:191) activity in the digestive system of pike-perch ( Sander lucioperca L.)

: The effect of feeding on aminopeptidase and non-speci (cid:191) c esterase activity in the digestive system of the pike-perch (Sander lucioperca L.). The pike-perch ( Sander lucioperca L.) at the age of 18 days were fed for 21 days using three different diets: Aglo Norse (An), casein-gelatin (Cas), cod meal with gelatin (Mac) and nauplius Artemia salina (Art – control diet). On the last day of the experiment, (cid:191) sh fed Art and An diets had the statistically signi (cid:191) cant highest body mass, length, and survival. On the last day, the highest aminopeptidase activity in the anterior intestine and posterior intestine was registered in (cid:191) sh fed nauplius Artemia salina . The lowest activity of this enzyme in the anterior intestine was to be found in (cid:191) sh fed with Cas diet, while there was no difference between among groups in the posterior intestine. The non-speci (cid:191) c esterase activity was registered in the stomach, liver, anterior intestine as well as in the posterior intestine. The lowest activity of this enzyme in the stomach was observed in the pike-perch fed with the Cas diet. In the anterior intestine, the highest activity was registered in (cid:191) sh fed with Art, and the lowest – on the Cas and Mac diet. The results of the current research prove that feeding the pike-perch An diet has a positive effect of the survival of the pike-perch, their growth rate and the activity of the enzymes. By contrast, feeding pike-perch Cas and Mac diets did not satisfy nutritional needs of (cid:191) sh, resulting in their low survival, growth rate and low activity of the enzymes examined. Sander lucioperca , aminopeptidase, non-speci (cid:191) c esterase, histochemistry
Map-based cloning of the gene associated with soybean maturity locus E3 Authors and affiliations

* National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan † Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan ‡ Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0812, Japan § National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan. †† Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan ** National Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
SUSCEPTIBILITY RATE OF NILE TILAPIA, (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS ) AND RED SWAMP CRAYFISH, (Procambarus clarkii ) to PROTEUS VULGARIS INFECTION

The aim of the present study was to investigate Proteus vulgaris infections in Nile tilapia, and red swamp crayfish and homologous and heterologous-species susceptibility of both Nile tilapia and Red swamp crayfish. Eight isolates of suspected Proteus vulgaris were recovered from 6 fish out of 50 Nile tilapia collected from fish pond in Assiut Governorate. While, 12 isolates were recovered from 12 red swamp crayfish. Suspected isolates were identified as P. vulgaris . The pathogenicity of P. vulgaris to Nile tilapia and red swamp crayfish were experimentallly studied and revealed that an increase in the susceptibility to infection was observed in Nile tilapia experimentally infected with the P.vulgaris isolated from fish when compared to those infected with a strain isolated from red swamp crayfish. The mortality rates were 53.33and 33.33% respectively, by the end of the challenge. Equivalent experiments demonstrated that P.vulgaris isolated from the Nile tilapia was more virulente to red swamp crayfish than that isolated from crayfish. The mortality rates were 66.67% and 33.3% respectively.
Quantitative analysis of bio¢lm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus(MRSA) strains from patients with orthopaedic device-related infections

Bioﬁlms play a pivotal role in medical device-related infections. However, epidemiological analysis of bioﬁlm formation and genotyping among clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients with orthopaedic infections has rarely been reported. A total of 168 MRSA strains were examined: 23 strains from patients with device-related infection (the device group); 55 from patients with device-non-related infection (the nondevice group); and 90 from asymptomatic nasal carriers (the colonization group). Pulsed-ﬁeld gel electrophoresis analysis and ﬁve genotyping methods including agr typing were performed. Bioﬁlm formation was quantiﬁed using a microtitre plate assay. The device group had a signiﬁcantly higher incidence of agr -2 than the colonization group (78.3% vs. 34.4%, P = 0.001). The bioﬁlm index of the agr -2 (0.523 (cid:2) 0.572) strains was signiﬁcantly higher than those of agr -1 (0.260 (cid:2) 0.418, P o 0.0001) and agr -3 (0.379 (cid:2) 0.557, P = 0.045). The prevalence of strong bioﬁlm formers in the device group (43.5%) was signiﬁcantly higher than that in the nondevice group (12.7%, P = 0.003) and the colonization group (20.0%, P = 0.020). agr -2 MRSA strains may be more likely to cause orthopaedic device infection because of their strong bioﬁlm formation ability.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Induces CD83 Degradation in Mature Dendritic Cells with Immediate-Early Kinetics via the Cellular Proteasome (cid:1) †

Mature dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells within the human immune system. However, Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is able to interfere with DC biology and to establish latency in infected individuals. In this study, we provide new insights into the mechanism by which HSV-1 disarms DCs by the manipulation of CD83, a functionally important molecule for DC activation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analyses revealed a rapid downmodulation of CD83 surface expression within 6 to 8 h after HSV-1 infection, in a manner strictly dependent on viral gene expression. Soluble CD83 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, together with Western blot analysis, demonstrated that CD83 rapidly disappears from the cell surface after contact with HSV-1 by a mechanism that involves protein degradation rather than shedding of CD83 from the cell surface into the medium. Infection experiments with an ICP0 deletion demonstrated an important role for this viral immediate-early protein during CD83 degradation, since this particular mutant strain leads to strongly reduced CD83 degradation. This hypothesis was further strength- ened by cotransfection of plasmids expressing CD83 and ICP0 into 293T cells, which led to signiﬁcantly reduced accumulation of CD83. In strong contrast, transfection of plasmids expressing CD83 and a mutant ICP0 defective in its RING ﬁnger-mediated E3 ubiquitin ligase function did not reduce CD83 expression.
-1-Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a human thyroid cancer cell line

-2-ABSTRACT The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) increases significantly after exposure of the head and neck region to ionizing radiation, yet we know neither the steps involved in malignant transformation of thyroid epithelium nor the specific carcinogenic mode of action of radiation. Such increased tumor frequency became most evident in children after the 1986 nuclear accident in Chernobyl, Ukraine. In the twelve years following the accident, the average incidence of childhood PTCs (chPTC) increased over one hundred-fold compared to the rate of about 1 tumor incidence per 106 children per year prior to 1986. To study the etiology of radiation-induced thyroid cancer, we formed an international consortium to investigate chromosomal changes and altered gene expression in cases of post-Chernobyl chPTC. Our approach is based on karyotyping of primary cultures established from chPTC specimens, establishment of cell lines and studies of genotype-phenotype relationships through high resolution chromosome analysis, DNA/cDNA micro-array studies, and mouse xenografts that test for tumorigenicity. Here, we report the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based techniques for the molecular cytogenetic characterization of a highly tumorigenic chPTC cell line, S48TK, and its subclones. Using chromosome 9 rearrangements as an example, we describe a new approach termed ‘BAC-FISH’ to rapidly delineate chromosomal breakpoints, an important step towards a better understanding of the formation of translocations and their functional consequences. of derivative chromosomes in the chPTC line S48TK and its subclones based on Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) hybridization and chromosome-specific probes analyses. SKY powerful technique reveals chromosomal exchanges that might have remained undetected by G-banding. the replacement of standard emission filters in a fluorescence microscope an interferometer to record high-resolution from fluorescently stained specimens. This bio-imaging system techniques of fluorescence optical microscopy,
low-grade glioma formation.

The cell of origin dictates the temporal course of neurofibromatosis-1 (Nf1) ABSTRACT Low-grade gliomas are one of the most common brain tumors in children, where they frequently form within the optic pathway (optic pathway gliomas; OPGs). Since many OPGs occur in the context of the Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome, we have previously employed Nf1 genetically-engineered mouse (GEM) strains to study the pathogenesis of these low-grade glial neoplasms. In the light of the finding that human and mouse low-grade gliomas are composed of Olig2 + cells and that Olig2 + oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to murine high-grade gliomas, we sought to determine whether Olig2 + OPCs could be tumor-initiating cells for Nf1 optic glioma. Similar to the GFAP-Cre transgenic strain previously employed to generate Nf1 optic gliomas, Olig2 + cells also give rise to astrocytes in the murine optic nerve in vivo . However, in contrast to the GFAP-Cre strain where somatic Nf1 inactivation in embryonic neural progenitor/stem cells ( Nf1 flox/mut ; GFAP-Cre mice) results in optic gliomas by 3 months of age in vivo , mice with Nf1 gene inactivation in Olig2 + OPCs ( Nf1 flox/mut ; Olig2-Cre mice) do not form optic gliomas until 6 months of age. These distinct patterns of glioma latency do not reflect differences in the timing or brain location of somatic Nf1 loss. Instead, they most likely reflect the cell of origin, as somatic Nf1 loss in CD133 + neural progenitor/stem cells during late embryogenesis results in optic gliomas at 3 months of age. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the cell of origin dictates the time to tumorigenesis in murine optic glioma.
Deep Transfer Learning based Acoustic Detection of Rice Weevils, Sitophilus Oryzae (L.) in Stored Grains

The presence of rice weevils is causing degradation of rice quantity and quality during storage. Classifying rice grade is critical since rice weevils are not easily detected. This study used deep transfer learning on spectrogram images of sounds to recognize the presence or absence of rice weevils in a sound clip. There are 1000 audio files with rice weevil presence and 1000 audio files with the absence of rice weevils in the dataset, each having a duration of 5 seconds. Random environments and random number and age of insects were considered to have models that are less dependent on the environment setting. The dataset was preprocessed to generate the spectrogram image of each audio clip. Features of those images were extracted to train some pre-trained Keras models on the dataset. In the dataset, 1400 images were used for training and 600 were used for testing. Each among the models Xception, ResNet50, InceptionResNetV2, and Mo-bileNet obtained a rank-1 accuracy of 99.17% while VGG16, VGG19, and InceptionV3 all got a rank-1 accuracy of 99.33%. The average precision, average recall, and average F1 score in each trained model are all 99%. These account for the effectiveness of using deep transfer learning on spectrogram images of audio recordings in the detection of rice weevils in stored grains. This is also the first study that used deep transfer learning on spectrogram images in the acoustic detection of rice weevils.
APPROACHES ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL

DESIGNING FOR REAL TIME STRATEGY GAME The research provides a detailed analysis of approaches to creating AI in video games. The main area of research is AI for real-time strategies, as this genre is characterized by the complexity of the game environment and the practice of creating a comprehensive AI, consisting of several agents responsible for a particular aspect of the game. The analysis shows that the main areas of use of AI methods in strategies are strategic and tactical decisions, as well as analysis of the current situation and forecasting the enemy and his chosen strategy. Among the analyzed approaches to tactical AI, reinforcement, game tree search, Bayesian model, precedent-based solutions and neural networks are most often used. Popular approaches to building strategic AI are precedent-based decision-making, hierarchical planning, and autonomous achievement of goals. When creating a module for research and determination of plans, the most popular methods are deductive, abduction, probabilistic and precedent. In addition to the considered methods, others are used in the development, but they are not as popular as above, due to problems with speed or specific implementation, which does not allow to adapt them to the standard rules of genre games. Comparison of algorithms and implementations of AI in the framework of commercial and scientific developments. Among the main differences are the high cost of commercial development of complex agents, as well as the specifics of the scientific approach, which aims to create the most effective agent in terms of game quality, rather than maximizing positive impressions of players, which is the basis of commercial development. The reasons for insufficiently active development of scientific research in the field of AI for games in general and the genre of real-time strategies in particular are described.
Mapping and analysing reviews of research on teaching, 1980â•fi2018, in Web of Science: An overview of a secondâ•’order research topography

A third level of educational research is emerging, in addition to original research and secondarylevel reviews. Whereas most third-level research syntheses focus on rather restricted topical areas, this study introduces a comparative and integrative overview of prominent second-order research on teaching, including many different types of reviews and aspects of teaching. The purpose of the study is to illuminate patterns in a second-order research topography in the widespread and multifaceted field of research on teaching from 1980 to the present, in order to discuss its implications for research and review-making. The overview encompasses 75 most-cited reviews of research on teaching published in international, refereed journals from 1980 to 2018 in the Web of Science. The overview utilised a specific coding procedure covering methodology, review topics and context. The study shows that several research traditions have contributed to advances in the research on teaching over time. Reviews have become more formalised, but the distribution of different types of review formats and research traditions is relatively constant. The single most established review format is meta-analysis, but it is less dominant than might be expected in an era of evidence-based education. The reviewers mainly belong to educational psychology, applied linguistics/research on language teaching, or research on science teaching. Whereas most reviews of research on science teaching are qualitative, reviews performed by psychologists and language-education researchers are mainly quantitative or based on mixed methods as a way to rationally and cumulatively summarise and downsize unmanageable amounts of research.