Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining Past-Time Temporal Rules: A Dynamic Analysis Approach

Specification mining is a process of extracting specifications, often from program execution traces. These specifications can in turn be used to aid program understanding, monitoring and verification. There are a number of dynamic-analysis-based specification mining tools in the literature, however none so far extract past time temporal expressions in the form of rules stating: “whenever a series of events occur, previously another series of events happened before”. Rules of this format are commonly found in practice and useful for various purposes. Most rule-based specification mining tools only mine future-time temporal expression. Many past-time temporal rules like “whenever a resource is used, it was allocated before” are asymmetric as the other direction does not holds. Hence, there is a need to mine past-time temporal rules. In this chapter, the authors describe an approach to mine significant rules of the above format occurring above a certain statistical thresholds from program execution traces. The approach start from a set of traces, each being a sequence of events (i.e., method invocations) and resulting in a set of significant rules obeying minimum thresholds of support and confidence. A rule compaction mechanism is employed to reduce the number of reported rules significantly. Experiments on traces of JBoss Application Server and Jeti instant messaging application shows the utility of our approach in inferring interesting past-time temporal rules. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-758-4.ch013
Psychometric Evaluation of the Navy-Wide Personnel Survey: Development and Validation of Short Forms

Abstract : The Navy-wide Personnel Survey (NPS) is a comprehensive survey of Navy work life issues. Administered since the early 1990s, the NPS addresses topics such as job satisfaction, morale, organizational commitment, leadership, advancement/promotion, career progression, and detailing. This report explored the potential for the development of short forms of the 19 scales of the NPS. The primary goal was to develop 1-item measures for each of the scales, if possible. One-item scales were successfully developed for 14 of the scales and the remaining scales were reduced to less than 5 items, while maintaining appropriate psychometric characteristics. In addition, a short-form of the Navy Climate Index (NCI) was developed, reducing the scale from 48 items to 13 items. Future studies should explore the development of appropriate cut-points or benchmarks for the NCI short form in relation to important outcomes, such as retention intention.
Multiple-access with time hopping and block waveform PPM modulation

The use of time-hopped block waveform encoding PPM signals sets for multiple access communications is studied. The multiple access performance is analyzed in terms of the number of users supported by the system for a given bit error rate and bit transmission rate. The analysis shows that this technique is potentially able to provide multiple-access communications with a combined transmission capacity of over 500 Megabits per second at bit error rates in the range 10/sup -4/ to 10/sup -8/ using receivers of moderate complexity.
Risk Exposition of Prices in Agricultural Commodities Using Options and Futures

Changes and fluctuations in commodity prices exert different effects on value chain participants, depending on the position they have in the chain. Agricultural commodities are exposed to a set of different factors influencing the prices of the commodities. They are influenced by the season, weather shocks, demand and supply forces, household income, tastes and preferences of the consumers. Observing the most recent history, high price fluctuations have been observed during the financial crisis in 2008. One out of many approaches for hedging the price risk is the usage of financial derivatives. This study will be concerned with the volatility modelling methods with the help of futures and options for corn and soya. Methods used for modelling the volatility a Black Scholes Implied Volatility. The simplest method in ARCH family, namely the GARCH (1,1) method will be used for modelling volatility based on the historical futures data dating back to 2005. The implied volatility is derived solving back the Black – Scholes Model, only this time looking for sigma. The sole purpose of the thesis is to examine which of the two methods has a better predictive power. Model comparison is done with the help of forecast regression models. The regression models have shown the difficulty in assessing which model has more accurate predictive power. The Adjusted R2 for both models in both cases is relatively low. However, the GARCH (1,1) model has slightly higher values for this indicator. Even the GARCH (1,1) model h a better performance, due to the relatively low adjusted R2 values, no stable conclusion regarding the model performance can be derived. assets(Hull, 2008). Options are financial instruments in the form of a contract that are traded between the writer of an option and an option holder, and it provides the re GARCH and
Relational Contracts and Smallholder Farmers’ Entry, Stay and Exit, in Kenyan Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Export Value Chain

Abstract Buyer-driven governance systems and the related value chain entry and stay barriers are known to have led to smallholder farmers exiting the Kenyan fresh fruits and vegetables export value chain. This paper addresses two gaps in this literature. First, the paper addresses the question of how the fresh fruits and vegetable export smallholder farmers have managed to secure their stay in this value chain known for its high entry barriers. Second, the paper addresses the question of what happens to the smallholders known to have exited the value chain. To explore the two gaps, transaction costs theory was applied. The results show that smallholders entry and stay in the value chain was underpinned by relational contract enforcement mechanism of supply reliability. Second, smallholders were found to occasionally exit and re-enter the value chain, depending on the prevailing risks. In conclusion, the paper argues that contemporary African value chain scholarship should consider the analysis of relational contracts and their enforcement mechanism as well as the totality of smallholders’ farming, in order to understand the motives behind smallholder value chain entry and stay decisions.
The Well-Tempered Keyboard Teacher

PART I: THE BEGINNING STUDENT. 1. The Elementary-Age Student. 2. The Pre-School Student. 3. The Adult Student. PART II: THE INTERMEDIATE STUDENT. 4. Teaching the Intermediate Student. 5. Repertoire. 6. Technique and Musicianship. 7. The Transfer Student. PART III: THE ADVANCED STUDENT. 8. Teaching the Advanced Student. 9. Repertoire. 10. Technique and Practicing. PART IV: THE PROFESSIONAL KEYBOARD TEACHER. 11. Career Choices. 12. Teaching as a Business. 13. Independent Teaching. 14. Teaching with Technology. PART V: THE WELL-INFORMED KEYBOARD TEACHER. 15. About Learning and Teaching. 16. Putting Theory into Practice. PART VI: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF KEYBOARD PEDAGOGY. 17. Influences on Pedagogy. 18. From Diruta to C.P.E. Bach. 19. From Turk to Deppe. 20. Liszt and Leschetizky. 21. Breithaupt and Matthay. 22. Ortmann and Schultz. 23. Other 20th Century Pedagogy. 24. American Piano Methods. 25. Great Pianists of Today. Bibliography. Index.
A performance evaluation of deep‐learnt features for software vulnerability detection

Software vulnerability is a critical issue in the realm of cyber security. In terms of techniques, machine learning (ML) has been successfully used in many real‐world problems such as software vulnerability detection, malware detection and function recognition, for high‐quality feature representation learning. In this paper, we propose a performance evaluation study on ML based solutions for software vulnerability detection, conducting three experiments: machine learning‐based techniques for software vulnerability detection based on the scenario of single type of vulnerability and multiple types of vulnerabilities per dataset; machine learning‐based techniques for cross‐project software vulnerability detection; and software vulnerability detection when facing the class imbalance problem with varying imbalance ratios. Experimental results show that it is possible to employ software vulnerability detection based on ML techniques. However, ML‐based techniques suffer poor performance on both cross‐project and class imbalance problem in software vulnerability detection.
Effect of Odia and Tamil Music on the ANS and the Conduction Pathway of Heart of Odia Volunteers

The current study delineates the effect of Odia and Tamil music on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and cardiac conduction pathway of Odia volunteers. The analysis of the ECG signals using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the features obtained from the HRV domain, time-domain and wavelet transform domain were statistically insignificant. But non-linear classifiers like Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Boosted Tree (BT) and Random Forest (RF) indicated the presence of important features. A classification efficiency of more than 85% was achieved when the important features, obtained from the non-linear classifiers, were used. The results suggested that there is an increase in the parasympathetic activity when music is heard in the mother tongue. If a person is made to listen to music in the language with which he is not conversant, an increase in the sympathetic activity is observed. It is also expected that there might be a difference in the cardiac conduction pathway
Second-Generation Thai American Women's Perceptions on Cervical Cancer Screening

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable diseases in the United States (US) (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015a). Despite advances in early detection and a vaccine available, it continues to affect Southeast Asian American (SEAA) women in high numbers. Multiple barriers to cervical cancer screening are seen among SEAA women, which include acculturation, age, marital status, apprehension, financial burden, access to healthcare, and knowledge about cervical cancer, screening, and preventative health (Ho & Dinh, 2010). Studies on SEAA women and cervical cancer screening primarily involve women who were born in Southeast Asia. These studies have not considered SEAA women born in the US (second-generation) who have very different lived experiences and influences than those of their mothers. There is only one study published on Thai American women and cervical cancer, and all participants were born in Thailand. Aim: The specific aims of this study are to explore the perceptions of second-generation Thai American women towards cervical cancer screening, explore how secondgeneration Thai American women make decisions about seeking cervical cancer screening services, and to initiate development of a theory, grounded in the data, regarding second-generation Thai American women and cervical cancer screening. Methods: This is a qualitative study and inspired by the constructivist approach to grounded theory. The researcher’s subjectivity and involvement with constructing and interpreting data are acknowledged in constructivist grounded theory. By using detailed reflexive memoing and constant comparison, the researcher’s stance and positionality is continuously integrated into the data (Charmaz, 2014). Findings: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants. Four themes emerged from the data: being proper, avoidance, realization, and feeling empowered. Participants described experiencing these themes over a period of time with influencing factors in each stage whether it be family, cultural values, society, healthcare providers, friends, the internet, or outreach programs. Implications: Cervical cancer focused educational outreach programs for secondgeneration Thai American women should occur in college or sooner. Healthcare providers need to be sensitive to the generational differences of immigrant groups, and to be aware that their needs may be different.
Extension of protein topologies by ligand information: computation and visualization

The Protein Topology Graph Library (PTGL, [1]) is a database of protein topologies that provides a web interface to compare and visualize protein folds based on the super-secondary structure. It uses a graph-based protein model related to earlier work by Koch et al. [2]: the vertices of the protein graph represent the secondary structure elements (SSEs) α-helix and β-sheet while the edges model contacts and spatial relations between these SSEs. Similarity between proteins is defined via common substructures in their protein graphs. In this work, the graph model has been extended to include ligand information and the new software VPLG that computes and visualizes the resulting protein graphs has been developed. VPLG reads and writes protein graphs in a custom text-based format, saves the resulting images in PNG or SVG format and comes with database support.
Application of cooperative model make a match to improve student learning achievements on lesson of materials functions of human digestive organs in fifth grade on primary school

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes of fifth grade on the material function of human digestive organs by applying cooperative learning model Make a Match in science learning in primary school. Research method used is Classroom Action Research which starts from planning, implementation, observation and reflection then made improvement planning used in next cycle. This research consists of two cycles, each cycle is done in two meetings. The results showed that by applying cooperative learning model Make a Match in science learning can improve student achievement. Assessment of Cycle I RPP was 73% and increased by 10% to 83% in cycle II. While the implementation of learning cycle I by 77% and increased by 6 percent to 83% in cycle II. The results of student achievement in the first cycle of 74% and increased by 12% to 86% in cycle II. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that the application of cooperative model of Make a Match in science lesson can improve student achievement in fifth grade.
Estimating the risk of adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women undergoing non-obstetric surgery using routinely collected NHS data: an observational study

Declared competing interests of authors: Paul Aylin reports grants and other from Dr Foster (company has included an analysis of weekend mortality in previous ‘Hospital Guide’ and have paid travel expenses to biannual conference on Global Comparators in Healthcare), outside the submitted work. Alex Bottle reports that The Dr Foster Unit at Imperial College London, where he is based, is part-funded by Dr Foster Intelligence, a private health-care information company (wholly owned by Telstra Corporation Ltd).
Luxury hotels going green – the antecedents and consequences of consumer hesitation

Abstract Luxury hotels might hesitate to operate in a more environmentally friendly way because they worry such practices will harm their performance. However, hotels can have a significant impact on the natural environment. Building on protection motivation theory, this study examines consumers’ evaluations of luxury hotels that are becoming more environmentally friendly by investigating the influences of perceived risks (i.e. functional, financial, hedonic, and self-image risks) on consumers’ hesitation and subsequent purchase intentions. Additionally, the moderating effect of consumers’ green hotel knowledge on the influences of perceived risks on hesitation is examined. Questionnaires were completed by 548 participants from Taiwan and revealed that perceived risks can significantly influence hesitation, which can in turn affect purchase intentions. Furthermore, green hotel knowledge moderates the influence of perceived functional and hedonic risks on hesitation. This study’s contributions to the luxury product consumption literature and sustainable tourism studies are discussed.
Do the duration and frequency of physical education predict academic achievement, self-concept, social skills, food consumption, and body mass index?

Objective: Prior research on the efficacy of physical education has been conducted in a piecemeal fashion. More specifically, studies typically test a single benefit hypothesized to be associated with physical education (e.g. body mass index [BMI]) while excluding others (e.g. social skills) and not controlling for important confounds (e.g. diet). Such research designs have precluded a comprehensive evaluation of physical education, and may also help explain mixed findings reported in the literature. The purpose of this study, then, was to re-evaluate the efficacy of participation in physical education through a more robust model that considers BMI, academic achievement, self-concept, and social skills while controlling for poor diet and out-of-school activities (i.e. television viewing, sleep, and general activity levels). Design, Setting, and Method: Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted on data derived from a sample of 10,210 fifth graders in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Results: Nationwide, 68% of fifth graders participated in physical education one or two days per week. Physical education was positively associated with academic achievement (effect size = .10), and negatively associated with both low self-concept (effect size = .06) and less healthy food choices (i.e. sugar-sweetened beverages, potatoes, and fast food; effect size = .11). However, participation in physical education was not associated with BMI or teacher-reported social skills. Conclusion: Even at the low ‘dosages’ reported, physical education is associated with improved mental health, dietary choices, and academic achievement.
Analysis of Forest Deforestation and its Driving Factors in Myanmar from 1988 to 2017

Myanmar, abundant in natural resources, is one of the countries with high forest cover in Southeast Asia. Along with its rapid socio-economic development, however, the construction of large-scale infrastructure, expansion of agricultural land, and an increasing demand for timber products have posed serious threats to the forests and significantly affected regional sustainable development. However, the geographical environment in Myanmar is complex, resulting in the lack of long-term sequence of land cover data products. Based on 30 years’ Landsat satellite remote sensing imagery data and the land cover data extracted by a mixed classification method, this paper examined the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of forest cover in Myanmar and investigated driving factors of the spatio-temporal evolution. Results show that the forest cover has decreased by 110,621 km2 in the past 30 years with the annual deforestation rate of 0.87%. Cropland expansion is the main reason for the deforestation throughout the study period. The study can provide basic information of the forest cover data to the Myanmar government for ecological environment protection. At the same time, it can provide important support to the “Belt and Road” initiative to invest in the region’s economy.
Study of Active Learning-Based Trademark Number Recognition Method

In most image classification algorithms, the classifier model needs to train a large number of training samples. In practical application, labeling numbers of samples is a tedious and time-consuming task. So, how to select fewer suitable training samples from the numbers of unlabeled samples is a difficulty in the image classification algorithm. This paper proposes a trademark number recognition technique based on active learning algorithm. The method uses the human interaction to get trademark number area, and then uses the projection method to extract character characteristic which using the characteristic to split characters. Finally, use BvSB active learning algorithm to select high information samples which was used to train support vector machine classifier, and use the trained classifier to recognize trademark number. The experimental result shows that the classifier trained by the method has higher classification accuracy in the case of labeled fewer samples.
Seismic emissions from a surging glacier: Bakaninbreen, Svalbard

Abstract Bakaninbreen is a polythermal glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, which surged between 1985 and 1995. For 9 days in spring 1987, when the surge front was travelling at ∼2.5-3.0 m d–1, three single-component geophones and two accelerometers were deployed in a T-shaped array immediately downstream of the surge front to record seismic emissions. The events were characterized by their waveforms and spectral content. At least three different categories have been identified: impulsive P- and S-waveforms, surface P- and S-wave trains, and harmonic (75-130 Hz) events. We interpret the impulsive events to originate at the base of the glacier, at or downstream of the surge front; the surface P- and S-wave trains from near-surface brittle fracture associated with the surface expression of the surge front itself; and the harmonic events from deep sources that involve resonance in a water-filled fracture, associated with the base of the surge front. We believe the basal events are related to the activation of stagnant ice downstream of the surge front, which allows water to access the bed and provides the mechanism for its propagation.
Merritt's Textbook of Neurology (8th Ed.)

There are 2 outstanding single-volume American neurology textbooks, A h & Victor and Merritt. The new 8th edition of Merritt, edited, as was the 7th, by Lewis P. Rowland, continues a great tradition. We might expect a book with over 70 contributors to be uneven and beset with both omissions and repetitions. However, the consummate editing by Rowland does indeed. to use his own words in the Preface, “amalgamate the contributions of so many authors into a coherent volume. ” All the contributors are experts on their topics and the text is unquestionably authoritative. Additions in the 8th edition reflect changes in neurological practice in recent years such as the proliferation of MRI and the complications of AIDS. The 1st edition was published in 1955. Therefore, almost all practicing neurologists did their training with a Merritt a t their side. We are beholden to Houston Merritt, Rowland, and the contributors of the current edition. The book remains a must for neurologista, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, generalists, and trainees.