Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
얼굴 인식 시스템을 위한 C 2 DPCA & R 2 DLDA C 2 DPCA & R 2 DLDA for Face Recognition

본 논문에서는 열방향 2차원 PCA(Column-directional 2 Dimensional PCA, C2DPCA) 와 행방향 2차 원 LDA(Row-directional 2 Dimensional LDA, R2DLDA)를 사용하여 얻은 각각의 투영 행렬을 동시에 사용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안 방법은 얼굴의 가로 특징과 세로 특징을 모두 포함한 저 차원의 특징 행렬을 얻음으로써, 훈련 영상의 수에 관계없이 안정적이고 높은 인식률을 얻을 수 있다. 또한, 같은 알고 리즘으로 가로 방향과 세로 방향에 PCA와 LDA를 각각 달리 적용한 실험(C2DPCA & R2DLDA, C2DLDA & R2DPCA)에서 가로 방향의 특징에 2차원 LDA를 적용한 시스템(C2DPCA & R2DLDA)이 그 반대의 경우보다 저차원으로 높은 인식률을 얻을 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 실험 결과 제안한 방법 이 2DPCA와 2DLDA 등 의 기존 방법보다 인식율이 높은 99.4%를 얻었다. 또한 제안 방법의 인식 처리 속도도 기존의 2DPCA와 2DLDA 방법보다 3배 이상 빠름을 확인하였다.
Working paper series WP BSAD 10 . 01 How does knowledge matter patenting inventions ?

While there is robust empirical evidence that firm patenting is positively associated with various measures of overall performance and competitiveness, less is known about what determines the patenting choice. For this reason, this paper examines whether R&D expenditure and the type of knowledge used in the invention determine the decision to patent. With this aim, we use a sample of firms and the European Patent Office to analyse how the combination of R&D expenditure and knowledge codifiability, observability and simplicity influences the patent decision. Our results contribute to the literature and assist R&D managers by showing that both R&D and codified knowledge have a positive impact on the number of inventions patented by a firm, while observable knowledge has a negative impact on patents. Furthermore, we find that the effect of R&D expenditure on the propensity to patent inventions is negatively moderated by knowledge observability and simplicity.
Attending to the affective: Exploring first year students' emotional experiences at university

This study engaged students at the affective level in order to acquire a better understanding of their emotional experiences at university with the ultimate aim of improving teaching and learning. A qualitative research study was undertaken whereby students wrote about their feelings at that particular moment, on two different occasions in a semester. The data reveals that students used mostly negative descriptors to express their emotions some of which included feelings of self-doubt, alienation, loss of identity and not belonging to the university and their disciplinary community. The feelings expressed by students show that their emotions constitute the very core of their being and are therefore intertwined with the way they perceive their studies and themselves as students and as individuals. Hence, it is argued that emotional factors cannot be disentangled from teaching and learning and that spaces need to therefore be created in the curriculum for the inclusion of the affective domain.
Title Mitigation of enteric methane emissions from global livestock systems through nutrition strategies Permalink

Enteric methane (CH4) generated in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminant represents the source of the greatest direct greenhouse gas (GHG) released from the livestock sector. We evaluated the global potential reduction of enteric CH4 emissions released from dairy cattle through amendment of their traditional diets in 183 countries aggregated to 11 regions. Amending dairy cattle diets involves increasing the concentration of lipid (up to 6 %) and decreasing the concentration of fiber, without affecting the total gross energy intake (GEI). Enteric CH4 emissions were calculated by using a mathematical model developed to include dietary intervention. In 2012, we found a global potential reduction of 15.7 % of enteric CH4 emissions from dairy cattle. The highest potential reduction per unit of milk produced occurs in Africa followed by South America and Asia (55, 46 and 34 %, respectively). The amended diets proposed here, mostly affect the regions in which demand for animal source protein will be greatest in the future. Because lipid supplementation may result in an indirect effect on CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from manure management, they were also estimated. Methane emissions from manure management would decrease by 13 %, while N2O emissions would increase by 21 % due to diet amendment. On balance, the total potential reduction of GHG emissions through diet amendment was 104 MtCO2eq annually. Moreover, amending diets would increase global milk production by 13 %. This study evaluated a global potential reduction of GHG emissions directly released from dairy cattle, however, future advancements dealing with the analysis of the upstream emissions associated to these diet changes are needed. Climatic Change (2016) 137:467–480 DOI 10.1007/s10584-016-1686-1 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1686-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Dario Caro dac@envs.au. dk 1 Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark 2 Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Manufacturing Methods of Alloy Layers on Casting Surfaces

In this paper, we presented the technology of layered castings based on the founding method of layer coating directly in the cast process known as the method of mold cavity preparation by monolithic or granular material of insert. Prepared castings consist of two fundamental parts: the base part and working part (layer). The base part of a layered casting is usually typical foundry material (i.e., pearlitic grey cast iron with flake graphite or ferritic-pearlitic carbon cast steel), whereas the dependence of an insert type (i.e., monolithic or granular) working part (layer) is suitably plated with ferrit­ic and austenitic alloy steels or a layer from a Cr-base alloy. The ratio of thickness between the base and working part is between 8:1 and 10:1. The quality of the layered castings was evaluated on the basis of ultrasonic non-destructive test­ing, structure, and selected usable property research. According to work out technology, the prepared layered castings can work in conditions that require high heat resistance and/or corrosion resistance from the working surface layer of an element in a medium of industrial water, for example. Moreover, in the case of applying an insert based on Cr-base alloy powder on the working surface layer, it is possible to obtain high hardness and abrasive wear resistance.
The Implementation and Evaluation of Bioinformatics Algorithms for the Classification of Arabinogalactan-Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana

3 Dedication . 6 Acknowledgements . 7 List of Tables . 12 List of Figures . 13
Docking Studies on Novel Analogues of 8-Chloro-Lucia Pintilie and Amalia

Molecular docking studies have been carried out for a better understanding of the drugreceptor interactions. All the synthesized compounds have been subjected to molecular docking against targets that have been chosen based on the specific mechanism of action of the quinolones used in the antibacterial activity screening. A study of the characteristics and molecular properties of the small molecule known as ligand has been realized. In the first stage of the study, the 2D and 3D structures have been generated. The most stable conformer for each structure was obtained by geometry optimization and energy minimization. A series of topological, conformational characteristics and QSAR properties, important to assess the flexibility and the ability of the studied conformer to bind to the protein receptor, were determined and analyzed. These properties were discussed in order to assess the flexibility and the binding ability of studied conformers to bind to the receptor protein. The docking studies have been carried out. The score and hydrogen bonds formed with the amino acids from group interaction atoms are used to predict the binding modes, the binding affinities and the orientation of the docked quinolones in the active site of the protein receptor.
Competitive surface segregation of C, Al and S impurities in Fe(100)

The stoichiometries and geometric structures formed by the segregation of C, Al and S on a Fe(100) surface have been investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy and quantitative low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Step-wise annealing of a sputtered surface with increasing annealing temperature reveals the successive segregation of C, Al and S. According to quantitative LEED analyses, each segregand forms a distinct c(2 × 2) long-range ordered structure. Also, each segregand removes the preceding one from the surface entirely, i.e. segregation in the Fe(100)–(C, Al, S) system is purely competitive with no ordered co-segregation regimes involving two or even three elements. The c(2 × 2) phases of segregated carbon and sulfur consist of elemental surface adlayers with the adatoms residing in four-fold symmetric hollow sites of the iron substrate. This is in contrast to segregated Al which, according to an earlier analysis, forms a c(2 × 2)-symmetric surface alloy layer with iron. In all cases there is some chemical disorder within subsurface layers with Fe atoms substituted by Al. The bond lengths between the segregated adatoms and iron neighbours are close to the sum of the covalent radii of the elements involved whereby carbon appears to be five-fold coordinated, in contrast to four-fold coordinated sulfur.
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, CORPORATE PERFORMANCE AND FAILURE: EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA OF EMERGING MARKET THE CASE OF JORDAN

This study investigates the impact of ownership structure (mix and concentrate) on a company’s performance and failure in a panel estimation using 167 Jordanian companies during 1989-2006. The empirical evidence in this paper shows that ownership structure and ownership concentration play an important role in the performance and value of Jordanian firms. It shows that inefficiency is related to ownership concentration and to institutional ownership. A negative correlation between ownership concentration and firm’s performance both, ROA and Tobin’s Q, is found, while there is a positive impact on firm performance MBVR. The research also found that there is a significant negative relationship between government ownership and a firm’s accounting performance, while the other ownership structure mixes have significant coefficients only in Tobin’s Q using the matched sample. Firm’s profitability ROA was negatively and significantly correlated with the fraction of institutional ownership, and positively and significantly related to the market performance measure, MBVR. The result is robust when indicators of both concentration and ownership mix are included in the regressions. The results of this study are, to some extent, inconsistent with previous findings. This paper also used ownership structure to predict the corporate failure. The results suggest that government ownership is negatively related to the likelihood of default. Government ownership decreases the likelihood of default, but has a negative impact on a firm’s performance. The results suggest that, in order to increase a firm’s performance and decrease the likelihood of default, it is reasonable to reduce government ownership to some extent. Furthermore, a certain degree of ownership concentration is needed to increase the firm’s performance and to decrease the firm’s chance of default.
eddy 4 R : A community-extensible processing , analysis and 1 modeling framework for eddy-covariance data based on R , 2 Git , Docker and HDF 5 3 4

20 This study presents the systematic development of an open-source, flexible and modular eddy21 covariance (EC) data processing framework. This is achieved through adopting a Development 22 and Systems Operation (DevOps) philosophy, building on the eddy4R family of EC code 23 packages in the R Language for Statistical Computing as foundation. These packages are 24 community-developed via the GitHub distributed version control system and wrapped into a 25 portable and reproducible Docker filesystem that is independent of the underlying host 26 operating system. The HDF5 hierarchical data format then provides a streamlined 27 mechanism for highly compressed and fully self-documented data ingest and output. 28 This framework is applicable beyond EC, and more generally builds the capacity to deploy 29 complex algorithms developed by scientists in an efficient and scalable manner. In addition, 30 modularity permits meeting project milestones while retaining extensibility with time. 31 The efficiency and consistency of this framework is demonstrated in the form of three 32 application examples. These include tower EC data from first instruments installed at a 33 National Ecological Observatory (NEON) field site, aircraft flux measurements in combination 34 with remote sensing data, as well as a software intercomparison. In conjunction with this 35 study, the first two eddy4R packages and simple NEON EC data products are released publicly. 36 While this proof-of-concept represents a significant advance, substantial work remains to arrive 37 at the automated framework needed for the streaming generation of science-grade EC fluxes. 38 Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss. , doi:10.5194/gmd-2016-318, 2017 Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Published: 1 February 2017 c © Author(s) 2017. CC-BY 3.0 License.
A generalized particle swarm optimization using reverse direction information

In this study, an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, including 4 types of new velocity updating formulae (each is equal to the traditional PSO), was introduced. This algorithm was called the reverse direction supported particle swarm optimization (RDS-PSO) algorithm. The RDS-PSO algorithm has the potential to extend the diversity and generalization of traditional PSO by regulating the reverse direction information adaptively. To implement this extension, 2 new constants were added to the velocity update equation of the traditional PSO, and these constants were regulated through 2 alternative procedures, i.e. max--min-based and cosine amplitude-based diversity-evaluating procedures. The 4 most commonly used benchmark functions were used to test the general optimization performances of the RDS-PSO algorithm with 3 different velocity updates, RDS-PSO without a regulating procedure, and the traditional PSO with linearly increasing/decreasing inertia weight. All PSO algorithms were also implemented in 4 modes, and their experimental results were compared. According to the experimental results, RDS-PSO 3 showed the best optimization performance.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PID ON VECTOR CONTROL INDUCTION MOTOR FEED BY Z-SOURCE INVERTER

This paper presents a Z source inverter used to control the speed of an induction motor with PID Controller. The induction motors were characterized by complex, highly non-linear and time-varying dynamics, and hence their speed control is a challenging problem in the industry. The advent of vector control techniques has solved induction motor control problems. The development of any for the design of such control systems undoubtedly requires the synthesis of many concepts from artificial intelligence. The most commonly used controller in the industry field is the proportional plus-integral-plus derivative (PID) controller. The Z source inverter (ZSI) can effectively to reduce the voltage stress across the capacitors in the impedance network and also the cost of the proposed topology which is in turn used to control the speed of an induction motor which is used in many valuable industrial applications. The Z Source inverter is a combined inverter with an additional buck-boost feature and the proposed topology increases the efficiency of the circuit by reducing the voltage stress across the capacitors. A speed sensor is connected to an induction motor to sense the actual speed, which is compared with a reference speed. A PID controller is designed which helps to run the motor to the reference speed. The simulation results indicate that the proposed topology is a promising technique that can be applied to improve the overall motor efficiency.
Food habits of the pacific angel shark Squatina californica in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico

Le regime alimentaire de l'ange de mer du Pacifique, Squatina californica, a ete etudie en analysant les contenus stomacaux de specimens recoltes mensuellement antre septembre 2000 et mars 2003 dans le golfe de Californie meridional, Mexique. Les donnees ont ete analysees en fonction de la taille, de la saison, de l'annee et du sexe. Sur les 414 estomacs examines, 190 (46%) contenaient de la nourriture et 224 (54%) etaient vides. L'indice d'importance relative (IRI) a ete calcule pour mesurer la preference trophique. Selon cet indice, les especes-proies les plus importantes sont : le chinchard Decapterus macrosoma (47,5%), le poisson-crapaud Porichthys analis (15,9%), le poisson-lezard Synodus evermanni (8.0%), le poisson-soldat Myripristis leiognathus (7.2%), et le crustace Sicyonia penicillata (8,0%). L'indice standardise de Levin (Bi) montre que la largeur de niche est relativement etroite (Bi = 0,31), ce qui signifie que cet ange de mer est un predateur selectif avec une preference pour les poissons demersaux. L'indice de Morisita-Horn (C λ ) indique un chevauchement des niches trophiques entre les juveniles et les adultes (C λ = 0,82), et entre les sexes (C λ = 0,96).
On power ideals of transversal matroids and their “parking functions”

To a vector configuration one can associate a polynomial ideal generated by powers of linear forms, known as a power ideal, which exhibits many combinatorial features of the matroid underlying the configuration. In this note we observe that certain power ideals associated to transversal matroids are, somewhat unexpectedly, monomial. Moreover, the (monomial) basis elements of the quotient ring defined by such a power ideal can be naturally identified with the lattice points of a remarkable convex polytope: a polymatroid, also known as generalized permutohedron. We dub the exponent vectors of these monomial basis elements "parking functions" of the corresponding transversal matroid. We highlight the connection between our investigation and Stanley-Reisner theory, and relate our findings to Stanley's conjectured necessary condition on matroid $h$-vectors.
Enhancing social-ecological resilience through social learning: A case study of communal pasture management in the Highlands of Ethiopia

Social learning processes can play an important role in enabling communities to sustainably manage the natural resources they depend upon. We examine how a community in the highlands of Ethiopia has succeeded to manage its communal pasture sustainably over the past decades. We identified three processes that played a key role in enabling the community to take the window of opportunity offered by a radical policy change to transform their management approach. Firstly, traditional leaders recognized the window of opportunity and mobilized the community. Secondly, a participatory process led to an informal institution that has governed the access and use of the communal pasture. Thirdly, the community was able to effectively interact with various government agencies to safeguard its autonomy. The study thus indicates that, in face of the complexity and uncertainty associated with pervasive change, social-ecological resilience relies on social learning and the ability to engage in open-ended processes. It also emphasizes that rather than promoting technical ‘packages’ that focus on the biophysical productivity of a natural resource, it may be more effective to facilitate integrative social processes, thereby enabling communities to identify and implement locally adapted management approaches. Key words: Human-nature interaction, natural resources management, grassland, bricolage, collective action, community resilience.
Factors Influencing Acceptance of Mobile money Applications in Enterprise Management: A Case Study of Micro and Small Enterprise Owners in Kisumu Central Business District, Kenya

: The research aimed at determining factors influencing acceptance of mobile applications in enterprise management specifically testing whether relationship exists between demographic features, Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Risk (PR); and acceptance of mobile money payment among micro and small enterprises in Kisumu City, Kenya. The research exhibited descriptive correlational research design enabling the researcher to determine the strength of relationship between the variables of the study and the study employed simple random and purposive sampling technique for selection of the samples. The questionnaires were administered by the researcher with the help of two research assistants to the MSE‟s Owners in Kisumu City CBD. A total of 271 respondents returned their questionnaires, resulting in a response rate of 95.8% which was considered satisfactory for subsequent analysis. Due to the quantitative nature of the study, the results were analyzed with statistical tools using mean, mode, median, frequency tables and multiple regression. The results indicated that Demographic features, PU, PEOU and PR are significantly related to acceptance of MMP. PEOU was found to be the most influential determinant of acceptance with r= 0.872, p-value= 0.013 at 0.05% significant level. The analysis also revealed that PR on MMP was the major hindrance of users accepting the technology with a negatively strong relationship of r value =-0.548 and p value =0.003. The study also established joint contributions of the four independent variables on acceptance of MMP but failed to establish the individual contribution of each independent variable on MMP hence there is need for further studies.
Social security , inequality and growth » N ° 2005-22 Décembre 2005

In most industrial countries, public unfunded pension schemes are little, and even not at all, redistributive (from the rich towards the poor). This article presents an OLG model in which endogenous growth arises from the proportion of skilled people and the time they have spent to increase their training level. In such a framework, we show that a pension scheme which is not redistributive can nevertheless reduce inequalities by additional growth.
Myxomycete records from Eagle Hill in Maine

Specimens of myxomycetes collected during the course of a week-long seminar held at approximately the same time during four different years (2004, 2006, 2008 and 2012) provide a baseline of data on the assemblage of species associated with the forests of one small area of Maine. Seventy-three species belonging to 29 genera were recorded during the four years, and 17 of these were collected in at least three different years. Sixty-one of the 73 species were represented by specimens that had fruited in the field under natural conditions, but these were supplemented by a number of specimens obtained from moist chamber cultures.