Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Assimilation of Satellite Retrieved Ocean Surface Winds on the Tropical Cyclone Simulations Over the North Indian Ocean

The study intends to examine the impact of assimilation of ocean surface winds on the simulation of the tropical cyclones Ockhi, Mekunu, and Luban formed over the north Indian Oceans. We have conducted two assimilation experiments, cyclic control (CyclicCntl) and Hybrid, using the Weather Research and Forecast model. The CyclicCntl experiment and Hybrid experiment are the analysis generated without and with adding ocean surface winds, respectively. The ocean surface winds from Ocean Scatterometer, Advanced Scatterometer, and Windsat are assimilated using the ensemble three‐dimensional variational assimilation technique. The analysis generated by Hybrid and CyclicCntl is compared with the ocean surface winds observations from buoys, and it is found that the assimilation of ocean surface winds reduces the root mean square error between observation and analysis for zonal and meridional winds by 2–3 m s−1 (42%) compared to CyclicCntl simulations. The comparison with the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship locations of cyclones derived from the analyses indicates that track error is maximum in genesis and landfall stage for both the Hybrid and CyclicCntl experiments, and the average track error is less than 80 km for the three cyclones. In a Hybrid experiment, during the intensifications from deep depression to the very severe cyclonic storm, the wind speed enhancement is dominant over the southeast and northwest sectors of the eyewall regions and subsequently in the rainband region. Thus, the assimilation of ocean surface winds from the three sensors improves the prediction of intensity and the evolution of tropical cyclones in general.
Control quantity or toxicity of textile chemicals? A case study of denim jeans in the warp-dyeing phase

The extensive use and discharge of chemicals is one of the main factors leading to serious environmental pollution in the textiles and apparel industry. The chemical footprint (ChF) is a toxicity-based chemical management method that is used to quantitatively evaluate the potential toxic effects of chemical pollutants discharged during the production of textiles and apparel products on human health and environmental safety. Compared with the traditional quantity-based method, this method needs to simulate the entire process of chemicals from discharge to impact, involving a series of steps of fate, exposure and effect, which greatly increases the difficulty of modeling. A scientific question is whether it is worth spending so much effort to quantify the toxicity of chemicals. Taking the warp-dyeing phase of denim jeans as an example, this paper calculated the ChFs for both human and ecological toxicities of textile chemicals based on the USEtox model, and compared them with the values of discharge quantities. The results reveal that there is a certain inconsistency between the discharge quantity and toxicity of chemical substances. Relying solely on the amount of chemicals discharged can sometimes lead to misjudgments, emphasizing the importance of controlling the toxicity of chemicals.
Nontrivial contribution of Fröhlich electron-phonon interaction to lattice thermal conductivity of wurtzite GaN

The macroscopic thermal transport is fundamentally determined by the intrinsic interactions among microscopic electrons and phonons. In conventional insulators and semiconductors, phonons dominate the thermal transport, and the contribution of electron-phonon interaction (EPI) is negligible. However, in polar semiconductors, the Frohlich electron-phonon coupling is strong and its influence on phononic thermal transport is of great significance. In this work, the effect of EPI on phonon dispersion and lattice thermal conductivity of wurtzite gallium nitride (GaN) is comprehensively investigated from the atomistic level by performing first-principles calculations. Due to the existence of relatively large electronegativity difference between Ga and N atoms, the Frohlich coupling in wurtzite GaN is remarkably strong. Consequently, the lattice thermal conductivity of natural wurtzite GaN at room temperature is reduced by ∼24%–34% when including EPI, and the resulted thermal conductivity value is in better agre.
The genus Dolichandrone (Fenzl.) Seem. (Bignoniaceae) in Thailand

Abstract. Boonthasak W, Ngernsaengsaruay C. 2021. The genus Dolichandrone (Fenzl.) Seem. (Bignoniaceae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 1120-1128. Morphological, anatomical, and palynological studies of the genus Dolichandrone (Bignoniaceae) Thailand were conducted. Three species, D. columnaris Santisuk, D. serrulata (Wall. ex DC.) Seem. , and D. spathacea (L. f.) Seem. were investigated. Morphological descriptions, distributions and ecological information are provided. A key to the species based on morphological characters are leaflet margins, length of lower cylindric tube and upper campanulate tube of corolla, width of upper campanulate tube of corolla, winged seed, shape and characters of fruits, width of septum, characters and width of pseudoseptum. D. columnaris occurs in low-lying rice fields and marshlands only in the peninsular region. D. serrulata occurs in mixed deciduous forest and low-lying rice fields in the eastern, central and peninsular regions. D. spathacea occurs in edges of mangrove forest in the central, south-eastern and peninsular regions. A key to the species based on anatomical characters includes leaf type, number of rows of palisade cells, arrangement of axial parenchyma, and height of ray parenchyma. All pollen grains are similar and do not provide characters for identification within the genus Dolichandrone.
Camel breed morphometrics: current methods and possibilities

ABSTRACT Camel populations can be found in large parts of the arid regions of Africa, Asia, and Australia. In this broad distribution, they exhibit large phenotypic variation, which so far has mostly been examined using traditional distance based morphometric approaches. The main pitfalls of previous studies include (1) the relatively few and ambiguously defined morphometric measurements, which often do not cover all functionally important traits, and (2) the narrow sampling of breeds and geographic regions. In this work, we provide some recommendations on how to standardise morphometric data collection, and also overview more advanced methods for capturing morphometric data in camels – this would greatly ease the process of data collection in these animals, which can sometimes be difficult to work with. As the morphometrics of camels can be studied for different purposes, we focus this review on its applicability to breed identification and delimitation, which is commonly studied on living camels. We also review methods commonly used in camel morphometrics, suggest a set of best practices, and outline novel methods. Finally, we suggest potential applied uses for these morphometric studies, particularly within the context of developing breeds specialised for different purposes, such as the production of meat, milk, and leather. While we focus this review on dromedaries, we anticipate that most recommendations will be widely applicable to other camelids, and livestock in general. The methods described in this review provide a detailed characterisation of phenotype in an efficient manner, allowing for the compilation of large morphometric data banks that would improve the understanding of the phenotypic structure of camel populations.
Robust Hazardous Materials Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design with Emergency Response Teams Location

Hazardous materials (hazmat) storage and transportation pose threats to people’s safety and the environment, which creates a need for governments and local authorities to regulate such shipments. This paper proposes a novel mathematical model for what is termed the hazmat closed-loop supply chain network design problem. The model, which can be viewed as a way to combine several directions previously considered in the literature, includes two echelons in the forward direction (production and distribution centers), three echelons in the backward direction (collection, recovery, and disposal centers), and emergency response team positioning. The two objectives of minimizing the strategic, tactical, and operational costs as well as the risk exposure on road networks are considered in this model. Since the forward flow of hazmat is directly related to the reverse flow, and since hazmat accidents can occur at all stages of the lifecycle (storage, shipment, loading, and unloading, etc.), it is argued that such a unified framework is essential. A robust framework is also presented to hedge the optimization model in case of demand and return uncertainty. The performance of both models is evaluated based on a standard dataset from Albany, NY. Considering the trade-offs between cost and risk, the results demonstrate the design of efficient hazmat closed-loop supply chain networks where the risk exposure can be reduced significantly by employing the proposed models.
Lowland tapir exposure to pesticides and metals in the Brazilian Cerrado

Abstract Context. The Cerrado is a Global Biodiversity Hotspot as well as Brazil’s main frontier for large-scale agriculture and livestock production, making it one of the most threatened biomes in the country. Brazil is one of the biggest consumers of pesticides in the world and allows the use of chemicals that are banned in many other countries due to their adverse health effects in a wide range of species, including humans. Aims. This study aimed to assess pesticide and metal exposure of the lowland tapir – a threatened, large herbivorous mammal – to support future studies of the role of these chemicals in tapir health, survivorship, and population viability. Methods. Foot pad, proboscis, stomach contents, liver, bone, and nail samples were obtained from tapir carcasses found along highways (n = 87). (i) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to detect metals in bone, nail and liver tissue; (ii) gas chromatography – nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD) to detect organophosphates in liver and skin; and (iii) high performance liquid chromatography – ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) to detect pyrethroids and carbamates in stomach contents. Key results. Two carbamates (aldicarb and carbaryl), three organophosphates (diazinon, malathion, and mevinphos), two pyrethroids (deltamethrin and permethrin), and two toxic metals (cadmium and lead) were detected in different tapir tissue samples, some at concentrations high enough to cause adverse health effects. In 90% of roadkill tapirs that were subjected to a full post-mortem examination (n = 25), macroscopic alterations of liver and/or kidney tissue were observed. Conclusions. This study provides the first report to date of the detection of pesticides and metals in lowland tapirs. Implications. Some of the reported pesticide concentrations exceed environmental safety thresholds. Consequently, results from this study raise concerns over potential adverse health effects in tapirs that could lead to population level impacts, thus requiring further investigation.
Size Detection Method of Embedded Ball Based on Aviation Bearing Image

In the aerospace industry, bearing is widely used in various rotating machinery. The performance of bearing affects the operation of the whole machinery and even aviation equipment. The wrongly assembled ball due to size is an important reason for unqualified bearing. To solve this problem, an accurate ball detection method based on the bearing image is proposed. Firstly, according to the imaging characteristics of bearing and light propagation characteristics, an image collection system based on the coaxial light source is designed. Then, aiming at the problem that the embedded ball is occluded by the bearing ring and the cage, only partial ball in the narrow gap can be used to predict the full ball and the high-precision requirement of ball detection, a ball segmentation model based on DeepLab v3+ network is used to segment the local ball, and CBAM is added in the Xception network of the original network. According to the characteristics of the segmentation result, a circle detection algorithm based on circle fitting evaluation designed for incomplete short arc is proposed. Finally, according to the detection results, judge whether the bearing is qualified or not and evaluate the feasibility of this method. Experimental results show that the ball detection accuracy is about 27 microns, and the wrongly assembled ball with a size difference of only 198 microns can be distinguished. The false detection rate of unqualified bearing is 1%. As the last line of defense of bearing quality inspection, this method can achieve zero false detection rate of unqualified bearing in the industry.
A Typology of Esport Players

Abstract In recent years, esports have grown from a small number of local gaming activities undertaken by a few recreational participants to a multi-billion dollar industry with professional leagues, franchises, teams and players. While the industry has grown, our collective understanding of some of the most fundamental questions such as who plays esports and why, have received scant attention from academics. In an effort to further understand, profile and categorize players, the purpose of this research is to create a typology of esports players and to cross-validate previous research findings. Using hierarchical and k-clustering techniques, six psychographic factors (socialization, positive affect, competition, fantasy/escape, coping, pass/waste time) and additional demographic and behavioral characteristics are used to create a typology of esports players. Based on a large, diverse and international sample of respondents (n = 1165), five types of players, including (1) Competitive, (2) Casual, (3) Casual-Social, (4) Casual-Fun, and (5) Casual-Competitive esports players, are identified. In-depth examination and discussion of the five types of players are provided. The implications of this research suggest the importance of considering demographic, psychographic and behavioral characteristics when attempting to identify, understand and classify different types of esports players.
The impact of ELM mitigation on tungsten source in the EAST divertor

Divertor tungsten (W) erosion source during edge localized mode (ELM) bursts in EAST is investigated based on optical emission spectroscopy on atomic neutral tungsten line emission at 400.9 nm. Both temporal evolution and total source strength are analyzed and compared in three different ELM mitigation schemes including natural ELMs, resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) and 2.45 GHz lower hybrid wave (LHW). The mitigation of W source caused by single ELM impact at the divertor target is mainly attributed to the reduction of the W source production in the ELM decay phase. However, with the increase of ELM frequency, the time-averaged intra-ELM W source during an ELM cycle rises and dominates the evolution of the total W source with increasing fraction, which exhibits strong correlation with the core W level in the RMP scheme. In the natural ELM scheme, the pedestal electron temperature is found not only to control the effective W sputtering yield at target during ELMs, thus influencing the intra-ELM W source, but also to be related to the delay time between the divertor ELM WI emission and the core extreme ultraviolet bolometer (XUV) signal which can scale with the parallel ion transit time. Furthermore, the delay time is found to have more consistent dependence on the pedestal plasma collisionality. The rise time of intra-ELM WI emission increases when RMP or LHW is applied, revealing a different ELM mitigation mechanism in comparison with the natural ELM scheme. The temporal profiles of the intra-ELM WI emission in different ELM mitigation schemes are compared and the potential mechanism is discussed. Besides, the ELM mitigation effects with RMP are found to be asymmetric at the outer and inner divertor targets, which is characterized by the different variations of the intra-ELM W source strength and the rise time of WI emission with the ramp-up of RMP coil current. Divertor partial detachment is achieved simultaneously with strong ELM mitigation under a suitable RMP phase difference without additional gas puff.
Suppression of Rotational Twin Formation in Virtual GaP/Si(111) Substrates for III–V Nanowire Growth

Planar GaP epilayers on Si(111) are considered as virtual substrates for III–V-related optoelectronic devices such as high-efficiency nanowire-based tandem absorber structures for solar energy conversion, next generation LEDs, and fast photodetectors. Rotational twin domains in such heteroepitaxial epilayers are found to strongly impede vertical nanowire growth. We investigate the twin-induced defect density and surface morphology of B-type GaP/Si(111) virtual substrates in dependence on the GaP nucleation process by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. By employing quantitative high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD)), scanning electron and atomic force microscopy (SEM and AFM), we reveal the significant influence of nucleation temperature and substrate miscut direction on the formation of rotational twin domains during a two-step GaP growth approach. The epilayer defect density is drastically decreased by low temperature GaP nucleation on Si(111) misoriented 3° toward [112], where rotational twi.
The thin blue line between cop and soldier: examining public perceptions of the militarized appearance of police

ABSTRACT Research suggests that certain characteristics of police uniforms and equipment influence how the public perceives police officers. The current study expanded on this research by examining how various features related to police militarism (e.g., weaponry) are perceived by the public. Approximately 2000 community members from across Canada were shown a series of photographs of officers that were manipulated to alter their attire and armament. Participants rated each officer on: (1) personal qualities, (2) skills they likely possess or behaviours they are likely to exhibit, and (3) behavioural intentions on the participant’s part towards the officers. Findings suggest that the public harbours significant negative perceptions of certain officers donning militarized attire with regards to approachability, trust, and morality, among other qualities. However, these officers are also perceived to be stronger, confident, and more prepared for threatening behaviour/dangerous situations. Given current trends toward equipping officers with tools to deal with emerging threats, public judgments based on officer appearance have important implications for community relations and officer safety.
Meta-Evaluation for the Evaluation of Environmental Management: Standards and Practices

Environmental management plays a key role in the sustainable development of cities. The effectiveness of environmental management is commonly examined through some evaluation schemes, but the effectiveness of such evaluation schemes also needs to be verified. As such, in this study, meta-evaluation was creatively introduced into environmental management to improve the evaluation of environmental management (EEM). Meta-evaluation is the evaluation of an evaluation scheme, and can verify and enhance the evaluation quality. First, a set of new meta-evaluation standards and criteria was proposed based on the unique characteristics of environmental management, which made meta-evaluation standards more adaptable and effective. After that, the efficacy of the proposed meta-evaluation standards was verified through their application to two evaluation schemes used in different fields of EEM. Based on meta-evaluation, suggestions for improving these two EEM schemes were also provided. The major contributions of this study are to introduce meta-evaluation into environmental management, establish new evaluation standards, and examine the efficacy of EEM. The research showed that it is critical to carry out meta-evaluation before and/or after the implementation of EEM.
Interactive Mobile Technologies on Civic Education Learning in Higher Education

This study aims to describe the process of developing mobile learning on social tolerance material in higher education. Data collection was carried out using the Instructional Development Institute model Grabowski. The control class learning outcomes of 40 students get an average value of 73.25, while the experimental class learning outcomes of 40 students get an average value of 83.25. Furthermore, to find out the significance of the differences in learning outcomes between the two classes, a t-test was performed by conducting a normality test and a homogeneity test. Significant value is obtained for the control class of 0.153 and the experimental class of 0.601, so it can be concluded that the data are normally distributed because > 0.05.
Reliability Analysis and Repair Activity for the Components of 350 kW Inverters in a Large Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System

The reliability of photovoltaic (PV) generators is strongly affected by the performance of Direct Current/Alternating Current (DC/AC) converters, being the major source of PV underperformance. However, generally, their reliability is not investigated at component level: thus, the present work presents a reliability analysis and the repair activity for the components of full bridge DC/AC converters. In the first part of the paper, a reliability analysis using failure rates from literature is carried out for 132 inverters (AC rated power of 350 kW each) with global AC power of 46 MW in a large scale grid-connected PV plant. Then, in the second part of the work, results from literature are compared with data obtained by analyzing industrial maintenance reports in the years 2015–2017. In conclusion, the yearly energy losses involved in the downtime are quantified, as well as their availability.
A just alternative to litigation: applying restorative justice to climate-related loss and damage

Abstract Climate litigation is increasingly a feature of international climate policy. However, loss and damage cases have mostly been unsuccessful due to tensions around uncertainty, attribution, and the relationship between climate change and extreme weather events. While there is consensus that Annex I Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have contributed more to historical greenhouse gas emissions than non-Annex I Parties have, there is great reluctance on their part to take responsibility for loss and damage. Considering the shortcomings of climate litigation and the impasse in the UNFCCC, we propose an alternative, non-judicial approach to addressing loss and damage – restorative justice. Applying a four-stage framework, we draw on the experience of non-Annex I Parties in the Caribbean with Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 to (1) argue that existing attribution models can help identify restorative justice cases; (2) scope a role for the Warsaw International Mechanism in process design and preparation; (3) make a case for truth and reconciliation conferences, and restitution, as part of the restorative dialogue; and (4) call for the integration of restorative justice norms into global climate governance as a pathway for progressing negotiations.