Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aggregation pheromone of the almond bark beetle Scolytus amygdali ( Coleoptera : Scolytidae )

The almond bark beetle (ABB), Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is a pest of stone fruits in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe. Adults feeding on buds cause most of the damage. Applications of non-selective insecticides, burning of dead trees and pruning slash are environmentally unsafe and are often ineffective for ABB control. Preliminary experiments with ABB colonizing branches indicated the existence of an aggregation pheromone, and prompted us to identify it. Volatiles emitted by female ABB boring into plum branches were collected on Porapak Q and eluted with hexane. GC-EAD analyses of volatile extracts, using female antennae as an electroantennographic detector, revealed four EAD-active candidate pheromone components, as follows: (3S,4S)-4-methyl-3-heptanol (SS-I), most abundant and EAD-active component; (3S,4S)-4-methyl-3hexanol (SS-II); (5S,7S)-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4,5]decane (III); and 7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro [4,5]dec-8-ene [IV], the first unsaturated spiroaketal found in insects. In field experiments (19941998) using funnel traps baited with polyethylene pheromone dispensers, SS-I unlike SS-II was attractive by itself, while SS-I plus SS-II at a ratio of 2:1 was optimally attractive. Addition of stereoisomeric mixtures of III and/or IV did not affect trap captures. Candidate kairomones ethanol and propanol did not affect total trap catches. Methanol, in contrast, strongly inhibited attraction of beetles to pheromone-baited traps and prevented colonization of cut branches. It failed, however, to reduce damage to tree buds caused by ABB maturation feeding. Although SS-I plus SS-II was twice as attractive as the stereoisomeric mixtures of 4-methyl-3-heptanol plus 4-methyl-3-hexanol, these readily obtainable stereoisomeric mixtures can be used for both pheromone-based monitoring and control of ABB populations.
APPLICATION OF DECISION TREES TO THE FALL DETECTION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE USING DEPTH-BASED SENSORS

 The paper presents application of the decision tree to the fall detection of elderly people monitored by the infrared depth sensors. The decision making system works on data acquired by the sensor, recording movement of the person and raising the alarm if his or her behaviour suggests the accident occurred. From the measurement data the morphological features were extracted, further processed by the decision tree. Various configurations of the classifier have been verified, proving its usefulness to solve the presented task.
Performance and intake of high-yielding Holstein cows offered a TMR either alone or with access to grazing for six hours per day

Grazing of lactating cows is a decreasing practice in Europe despite numerous potential benefi ts. In parts of Europe, farmers are required to graze all dairy cows for at least six hours per day during summer, but little is known about the effect on the performance of high-yielding animals. A study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the following treatments on high-yielding Holstein cow performance: continuous housing (C; control) with a total mixed ration (TMR), a six-hour grazing period directly after morning milking with TMR offered ad libitum when housed (EG; early grazing), a six-hour grazing period following morning milking with 75% of ad-libitum TMR when housed (RT; restricted TMR), or TMR access for one hour following morning milking, followed by a six-hour grazing period (DG; delayed grazing) then housed with TMR offered ad libitum. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was similar in C, EG and DG but lower in RT (26.9, 26.0, 26.7 and 23.8 kg DM/cow/d; P <0.001; SED 0.524). Milk yield was also lowest in RT, with mean values of 45.7, 44.2, 44.9 and 41.7 kg/cow/d in C, EG, DG and RT respectively (P =0.001; SED 0.993). High-yielding cows can be grazed for a six-hour period during the day with little impact on milk production provided TMR is unrestricted when housed.
AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN SHORT-TERM ELECTRICAL LOAD FORECASTING OF A UNIVERSITY CAMP US : A CASE STUDY

This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) for forecasting the short-term electrical load of a university campus using real historical data from Colorado State University. A spatio-temporal ANN model with multiple weather variables as well as time identifiers, such as day of week and time of day, are used as inputs to the network presented. The choice of the number of hidden neurons in the network is made using statistical information and taking into account the point of diminishing returns. The performance of this ANN is quantified using three error metrics: the mean average percent error (MAPE); the error in the ability to predict the occurrence of the daily peak hour; and the difference in electrical energy consumption between the predicted and the actual values in a 24-hour period. These error measures provide a good indication of the constraints and applicability of these predictions. In the presence of some enabling technologies such as energy storage, rescheduling of non-critical loads, and availability of time of use (ToU) pricing, the possible DSM options that could stem from an accurate prediction of energy consumption of a campus include the identification of anomalous events as well the management of usage. NOMENCLATURE AMI Advanced metering infrastructure ANN Artificial neural network DSM Demand-side management LM Levenberg-Marquardt MAPE Mean average percent error MLP Multilayer perceptron NARx Nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input STLF Short-term load forecasting ToU Time of use
Pedestrian Detection Based on Data and Decision Fusion Using Stereo Vision and Thermal Imaging

Pedestrian detection is a canonical instance of object detection that remains a popular topic of research and a key problem in computer vision due to its diverse applications. These applications have the potential to positively improve the quality of life. In recent years, the number of approaches to detecting pedestrians in monocular and binocular images has grown steadily. However, the use of multispectral imaging is still uncommon. This thesis work presents a novel approach to data and feature fusion of a multispectral imaging system for pedestrian detection. It also includes the design and building of a test rig which allows for quick data collection of real-world driving. An application of the mathematical theory of trifocal tensor is used to post process this data. This allows for pixel level data fusion across a multispectral set of data. Performance results based on commonly used SVM classification architectures are evaluated against the collected data set. Lastly, a novel cascaded SVM architecture used in both classification and detection is discussed. Performance improvements through the use of feature fusion is demonstrated.
On the Description of Thunderstorm Generators and Its Relation to the Impact of Large-Scale Conductivity Inhomogeneities on the Ionospheric Potential

Two alternative approaches to the description of thunderstorms in models of the global electric circuit (GEC) are considered, one treating thunderstorms as current sources, and the other, as voltage sources; it is shown that the two approaches are equally convenient in simple equivalent circuit models of the GEC, but in more realistic continuous three-dimensional spherical models the current-source approach proves more natural and useful. Within the current-source approach a number of simple model problems are analysed so as to illustrate the effect of conductivity inhomogeneities on the ionospheric potential; it is shown that taking account of the conductivity reduction inside thunderclouds leads to a substantial increase in the ionospheric potential, while the increase of conductivity above thunderstorms does not lead to a significant change in the ionospheric potential. The two approaches to the description of generators of the GEC are compared from the perspective of the ionospheric potential variation due to the increase of conductivity in the upper atmosphere; it is shown that the two parameterisations of thunderstorms yield qualitatively different results. INTRODUCTION Much attention has been given over the years to different approaches to modelling the global electric circuit (GEC) and particularly to the influence of conductivity inhomogeneities on its characteristics [Zhou and Tinsley, 2010; Rycroft and Harrison, 2012; Williams and Mareev, 2014]. Notwithstanding that most existing models of the GEC are based on the same equations of electrodynamics, the problem of parameterising generators of the GEC is still important and open to discussion. Historically, two different approaches to this issue have been widely used. Within one of these approaches thunderstorms are regarded as current sources [e.g., Volland, 1984], and within the other, as voltage sources [e.g., Markson, 1978]. Although there are certain reasons in favour of both methods of description [Willett, 1979], in most cases the current-source approach seems to be a more natural framework for representing thunderclouds. In this paper we compare the two approaches to the description of thunderstorms and discuss some model problems concerning the influence of large-scale conductivity inhomogeneities on the ionospheric potential. TWO APPROACHES TO THE DESCRIPTION OF THUNDERSTORM GENERATORS In order to compare different approaches to the description of thunderstorm generators and to study the impact of conductivity inhomogeneities on the ionospheric potential, we will use two models of the GEC. One of them is a spherical model based on Maxwell’s equations in a continuous medium, and the other is a simple multi-column model in which the GEC is replaced by the equivalent circuit consisting of resistors and current or voltage sources. ∗Corresponding author, email: evgeny.mareev@gmail.com, Postal address: Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 46 Ulyanova St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
Should grape moth larval immunity help explaining resistance against natural enemies ?

In tritrophic systems (plants, phytophagous insects and natural enemies), host plant variation often keys the relative performance of both the herbivore and its associated natural enemies. In bottom-up effects, host plants could affect the fitness of phytophagous insects including growth rate and adult fertility. These effects are indirectly reflected in parasitoids whose success depends on their host quality. For instance, nutrient deficiency or/and toxic defensive compounds of the plants could slow-down the development of herbivorous insects, thus extending the window of vulnerability of attacks by natural enemies. The immune system is arguably the most common resistance mechanisms used by phytophagous insects against natural enemies such as parasites and parasitoids. However, only a limited number of studies have really linked tritrophic interactions and immune defenses of phytophagous insects. Our work considers two grape moths, the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, and the European grapeberry moth Eupoecilia ambiguella. In this study, we have tested the influence of different grapevine varieties on the baseline level of three immune parameters (concentration of haemocytes, activity of the prophenoloxidase system and antimicrobial activity) of larvae of the European grapevine moth. In this presentation we discuss the results obtained in this experiment and their effects and importance in tritrophic. Keys words: grapevine, grapevine moth, insect immune system, tritrophic interactions
THE INFLUENCE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE IMPLEMENTATION TO ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE : ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING ( Study on Intitution Amil Zakat Indonesia )

The development of non-governmental organizations such as Lembaga amil zakat, shadaqah infak and thus mushroomed as a social movement. The reality is, a gap between the potential for a large charity (20 trillion) by the realization of a very small charity (1 trillion). Of course, this indicates poor performance management organization LAZ zakat in particular when viewed from the achievement that only about 1 percent. It has an impact on society demands a high level of accountability and transparency of LAZ. The demand is a challenge for LAZ to make good governance (good governance). The results of this study are expected to be a reference for the development of organizational performance assessment model LAZ zakat in particular by looking at the factors that influence it. In accordance with the purposes of this study the variables studied were internal control, TQM, good governance and organizational performance. The unit of analysis is the study LAZ Foz active members numbering 50 LAZ. The purpose of the study to see the impact of the implementation of internal control and TQM to organizational performance through the application of good governance partially or simultaneously. The method used in this research is research that is the explanation, while the data analysis tool used is the analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM) using partial least square.
Why Do We Want to Know About the Differential Intensity of Interactivity ?

This article starts with a consideration of the different reasons academics might be interested in the detailed analysis of who interacts with whom on a social media platform such as Facebook. We then describe our analysis of the levels of interaction between Facebook friends for two populations, one based in South England and the other in South India. We first used statistical data analysis to identify those who interacted most with our informants. We then exploited our ethnographic grounding to elucidate who exactly these interactions were with upon returning to our informants. This allows us to characterize the nature of interactivity in the two sites, for example, the role of kinship as against friendship. In general, we found that the explanation for interactivity in the English fieldsite tended to depend on identifying specific genres of communication for particular social relations, while the Indian fieldsite reflected strong social parameters such as gender and class. We also comment on a few of the many general issues that arise, including the relationship between online and offline sociality, the importance of both reciprocity and asymmetry in interactivity, and the question of whether people are aware of who interacts most with them on their Facebook profiles.
Teachers ’ of English Attitudes towards the new Palestinian English Curriculum for the 8 th Grade

This study aims to investigate the teachers of English attitudes towards the new Palestinian English Curriculum for the 8th Grade in Jenin and Qabatia Directorates. To achieve this aim, the researcher used a 20-item questionnaire that covers five domains: Book general shape domain, book content domain such as structures, terms, grammar, methods, aids teacher's book domain and the communicative material. The main finding of the study revealed that the score of evaluating the eighth grade of “English for Palestine “from teachers' attitudes in Jenin and Qabatia Educational Directorates areas was (73.0%) which was moderate. The findings indicated that the physical appearance of the textbook domain scored (66.4%); the book content scored (68.6%); however, the structure of language, grammar and terms in addition to methods and communicative material scored (71.8%), (75.2%) and (77.2%) respectively. Results also showed that there were no significant differences at (∝=0.05) in the degree of evaluation of the new Palestinian English language curriculum of the eighth grade due to gender, level of education or years of
Effects of air , oxygen and nitrogen ambient annealing on properties of ITO nanocolumns

Effects of annealing by different gas ambient on structural and optical properties of ITO nanocolumns deposited with Ni were investigated. For the first time, nickel (Ni) is deposited as catalyst prior to indium tin oxide (ITO) layer on glass and silicone substrates using radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering. Annealing was performed in air, nitrogen and oxygen ambient with flow-rate of 50 sccm each at 550°C temperature for 10 minutes. X-ray diffraction characterization show the samples achieve better crystallinity with higher intensity of (400) preferable peak and optical spectrum show highest transparency of 92% at 494 nm by samples annealed in oxygen compared to samples annealed in air and nitrogen. When annealed in oxygen ambient, the surface roughness is 1.379 nm which is smaller than samples annealed in different ambient.
Attitude of Nomadic Parents to Girl-Child Education in Mubi Educational Zone of Adamawa State, Nigeria: Implications for Counselling

Article History Received: 02.07. 2018 Accepted: 10.07. 2018 Published: 30.07. 2018 Abstract: The study examined the attitudes of nomadic parents to girl-child education in nomadic schools in Mubi Educational Zone. It also investigated the nature of educational provisions for the nomads. The study employed survey research design. The population of the study consists of all the 20 nomadic primary schools in the five local governments in the educational zone. The sample size of 120 nomadic teachers was chosen from ten nomadic primary schools in all the five local governments through stratified sampling technique using class, sex and locality as strata. The research instrument for this study titled “Attitudes of Nomadic Parents towards the Education of Girl-Child” (ANPEG) was self-developed by the researchers. The face and content validity of the instrument was established by two experts both in Counselling Psychology and Test and Measurement in the Department of Science Education, Adamawa State University Mubi. The reliability test was carried out in a nomadic primary school in Gombi Local Government Area of Adamawa State using test re-test method, and the reliability coefficient was 0.89. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency counts, percentages and t-tests analysis. The findings showed that blue print on nomadic education provides equal right to education of both male and female nomads which is anchored by the National Commission for Nomadic Education (NCNE) in collaboration with states and local governments. The study revealed that nomadic parents believed that western education can convert their girls to Christians; and that girlchild education is a waste of resources, since girl-child roles in the society only ends in childbearing and cooking. The study showed the effects of nomadic parents‟ attitudes to girl-child education as poor level of enrolment, high rate of drop-out, negative attitude towards girl-child education and lack of knowledge, In conclusion, Nomadic parents believed that girlchild education is a waste of resources and that there is risk of immoral behaviour of girl-child in schools. The negative attitudes of nomadic parents were as a result of their cultural belief, illiteracy and ignorance; which could lead to high rate of drop-out, lack of knowledge on basic fundamental right and poor standard of living of nomadic girl-child . The state and local governments should mount up campaign against the use of socio-cultural and religious factors as yardsticks to relegate the girl-child to the kitchen. There is also a need to establish effective guidance counselling programmes in schools right from primary school so as to encourage the female gender education.
Analyzing night time wind speed reduction effects from densification on predicted outdoor thermal comfort in a subtropical setting

The relationship between urban growth and the formation of urban heat islands, i.e. climatic differences between the urban area and adjacent rural areas, is discussed by several authors and is assumed to be ubiquitous for various climatic regions. Curitiba (25.5oS), located within a region of subtropical climate in elevation, boasts a population growth rate of approximately 2% a year. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the urban agglomeration on microclimate changes. From comprehensive long-term climate data monitoring carried out during 2011-2013 with a pair of weather stations in and outside the urban area, outdoor thermal comfort conditions are assessed by means of the UTCI index, which had been calibrated to local thermal preferences in a previous study. Comparisons between urban and rural conditions are shown as traditional Urban Heat Island (UHI) results as well as in terms of predicted comfort/discomfort levels. A projection to a more densified condition is performed by significantly reducing air speed at night. We discuss obtained results in predicted thermal comfort variations against current conditions.
Chapter 2 Advances in Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals

Nanomaterials are widely regarded as holding potential answers to challenges in electronics, medicine, biochemistry, environmental and chemical processes areas. Synthetic schemes yielding nanocrystalline metals have reached a certain maturity having witnessed an explosion of interest in the later part of the past 20 years. A rapid change in properties is observed following the reduction in dimensions of the system. In the nanometre size regime, particulates deviate sharply from the properties displayed by their bulk counterparts, as the surface effects become more substantial [1]. The special-scaled size-dependent properties hold from 100s of nm’s down to around 1 nm whence individual difference between atomic clusters or nuclei are many and large [2–5]. There is now growing understanding of structure and bonding in clusters [6–8]. In the past year, there is emerging realisation that the footprint of small clusters whose structure is driven by the peculiarities of bonding clearly extends much further than previously believed [8]. In general, polydisperse samples or large particles exhibit an average property that may suffice for certain applications. However, more stringent requirements in terms of size distribution are usually needed for sophisticated applications relying on nanoscopic properties. The characteristics of the whole population, that includes particles of different sizes and properties may interfere with the results and outcomes [9, 10]. There has been much success in obtaining dispersions of nanocrystals with tight control over shape and size. Topical areas include multistep seeded growth processes, post-synthesis size tuning, tailoring the ligand shell for various applications as well as preparing multicomponent alloyed nanocrystals some of which
The Role of Emotions in Reading Literary Texts : Fact or Fiction ?

Considering the role of emotions while reading literary texts, the current research was designed to investigate first whether or not the participants’ emotional involvement can improve their comprehension of short stories and second, if emotional involvement while reading short stories assist students in recognizing literary elements, such as irony, symbol, theme and foreshadowing. To this end, 79 Persian speakers (30 males and 49 females) selected from the population of sophomores in one of Iranian Universities participated in the study. A questionnaire based on Miall and Kuiken’s (2002) categorization of feelings was designed to assist the students in involving their emotions while reading literary texts. There were two experimental groups and a control group. Initially, a pretest was assigned to these groups to ensure that they are homogeneous. The designed questionnaire was employed in teaching literary texts in experimental groups. At the end of the semester, a posttest was assigned to all participants. An ANOVA test indicated statistically significant difference across control and experimental groups in comprehending short stories. The Tukey HSD test was also applied to investigate where those differences lie. To address the second research question, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used; however, MANOVA test did not show any statistically significant difference across control and experimental groups in recognizing literary elements.