Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Rooting Response of Yellow-Flowered Magnolia in Relation to the Phenolic Acids Content

The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of endogenous phenolic acids in yellow-flowered magnolias and to evaluate the effects of endogenous and exogenous phenolic acids on the in vitro rooting of three magnolia cultivars (‘Butterflies’, ‘Yellow Bird’, and ‘Elizabeth’). It has been shown that magnolia cultivars are phenolic acid-rich plants. Of the 16 phenolic acids tested, all were detected in each magnolia cultivar. The most abundant was gallic acid (max. 34,946 ng·mg−1 dry mass), followed by chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid. The amount of individual phenolic acids differed between the cultivars and media. The total phenolic production was enhanced by auxin, the main factor promoting rooting in magnolia in vitro. It has been found that the difficult-to-root ‘Butterflies’ and ‘Yellow Bird’ rooted better when they were grown on medium containing a mixture of auxins—3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)—as compared to IBA alone. The highest rooting frequency was observed for ‘Elizabeth’ (95.8%), followed by ‘Butterflies’ (46.1%) and ‘Yellow Bird’ (21.4%). In the case of ‘Yellow Bird’, the auxin treatment enhanced the leaf yellowing. The present work indicates a clear relationship between the overaccumulation of chlorogenic acid and coumaric acid in the late phase of rooting in vitro and the low rooting responses of magnolia ‘Butterflies’ and ‘Yellow Bird’. On the other hand, ‘Elizabeth’ produced more soluble sugars by 29.2% than easy-to-root ones. The biochemical status of the plantlets can influence their further ex vitro establishment, which was the highest for ‘Elizabeth’ (97.5%), followed by ‘Butterflies’ (49.9%) and ‘Yellow Bird’ (24.6%).
The Image of Fish from Aquaculture Among Europeans: Impact of Exposure to Balanced Information

This study investigated the effect of balanced, nonpersuasive information related to safety, healthiness, and sustainability of aquaculture on the image of farmed fish among European consumers. It was demonstrated that there is neither positive nor negative influence of this type of information on the predominantly positive image of fish from aquaculture. Consumers who were exposed to information related to the EU origin and aquaculture related guarantee reported a more positive image of farmed fish. These results provide valuable input for transparent communication about fish farming practices which might increase consumer trust and will not harm the image of fish from aquaculture. Increasing consumers' knowledge about aquaculture and its positive effects on the image of farmed fish is also discussed as a pathway for maintaining and improving aquaculture's positive image in the future.
Genetic Consequences of Multiple Translocations of the Banded Hare-Wallaby in Western Australia

Many Australian mammal species now only occur on islands and fenced mainland havens free from invasive predators. The range of one species, the banded hare-wallaby (Lagostrophus fasciatus), had contracted to two offshore islands in Western Australia. To improve survival, four conservation translocations have been attempted with mixed success, and all occurred in the absence of genetic information. Here, we genotyped seven polymorphic microsatellite markers in two source (Bernier Island and Dorre Island), two historic captive, and two translocated L. fasciatus populations to determine the impact of multiple translocations on genetic diversity. Subsequently, we used population viability analysis (PVA) and gene retention modelling to determine scenarios that will maximise demographic resilience and genetic richness of two new populations that are currently being established. One translocated population (Wadderin) has undergone a genetic bottleneck and lost 8.1% of its source population’s allelic diversity, while the other (Faure Island) may be inbred. We show that founder number is a key parameter when establishing new L. fasciatus populations and 100 founders should lead to high survival probabilities. Our modelling predicts that during periodic droughts, the recovery of source populations will be slower post-harvest, while 75% more animals—about 60 individuals—are required to retain adequate allelic diversity in the translocated population. Our approach demonstrates how genetic data coupled with simulations of stochastic environmental events can address central questions in translocation programmes.
Experimental Study on the Fracture Parameters of Concrete

This study aimed to determine the influence of the volume fraction of steel fibers on the fracture parameters of concrete. Fifty notched steel-fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams and ordinary concrete beams with 100 mm × 100 mm × 515 mm were cast and tested via a three-point bending test. Among them, the type of steel fiber was the milling type (MF), and the volume fraction of steel fiber added was 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%, respectively. The effects of the steel fiber volume fraction (VF) on the critical stress intensity factor (KIC), fracture energy (GF), the deflection at failure(δ0), the critical crack mouth opening displacement (CMODC) and the critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODC) were studied. Through the analysis of test phenomena and test data such as the load-deflection (P-δ) curve, load-crack mouth opening displacement (P-CMOD) curve and load-crack tip opening displacement (P-CTOD) curve, the following conclusions are drawn: with the increase of the steel fiber volume fraction, some fracture parameters increase gradually and maintain a certain linear growth. The gain ratio of the fracture parameters increases significantly, and the gain effect is obvious. Through this law of growth, the experimental statistical formulas of fracture energy and the critical stress intensity factor are summarized.
Judicial Merit Selection: Beliefs about Fairness and the Undermining of Gender Diversity on the Bench

Much attention is paid to how mechanisms for selecting political officials shape which types of officials hold positions of power, but selection procedures do not always produce the desired outcomes. In the context of the judiciary, many expected “merit” selection procedures to facilitate the selection of women justices to the bench, an expectation that has not been realized. Applying theories of procedural fairness to judicial selection procedures, I argue that observers’ beliefs that merit selection procedures are more “fair” (relative to unilateral selection procedures) makes observers more accepting of all-male benches. Survey experimental evidence demonstrates that respondents do perceive merit selection procedures as more fair than gubernatorial selection procedures, a priori. In turn, respondents are less critical of all-male courts when judges are selected through a merit selection procedure. These findings contribute to our understanding of the ways in which (1) selection institutions shape prospects for gender diversity, (2) institutional design can have unintended consequences, and (3) procedural fairness can obscure accountabilituy for suboptimal outcomes.
Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of transport and separation of gases in carbon nanopores. II. Binary and ternary mixtures and comparison with the experimental data

We present the results of extensive nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of transport and separation characteristics of binary and ternary gas mixtures consisting of CO2, CH4, and H2 through a carbon nanopore, in the presence of an external chemical potential gradient. The gas molecules are represented as Lennard-Jones (LJ) hard spheres. The effect of the various factors, such as the temperature, feed composition, and the pore size, on the transport, adsorption, and separation characteristics is investigated in detail. The simulations’ predictions are compared with experimental data obtained with a carbon molecular-sieve membrane. In some cases, there is good agreement between the predictions and the experimental data, while in other cases the simulations’ results and the data do not agree. Possible causes for the (dis)agreement are discussed, including the crucial interplay between two main factors in gas separation in a pore space, namely, adsorption on the pores’ walls versus the morphology (t.
Smart Water Technology for Efficient Water Resource Management: A Review

According to the United Nation’s World Water Development Report, by 2050 more than 50% of the world’s population will be under high water scarcity. To avoid water stress, water resources are needed to be managed more securely. Smart water technology (SWT) has evolved for proper management and saving of water resources. Smart water system (SWS) uses sensor, information, and communication technology (ICT) to provide real-time monitoring of data such as pressure, water ow, water quality, moisture, etc. with the capability to detect any abnormalities such as non-revenue water (NRW) losses, water contamination in the water distribution system (WDS). It makes water and energy utilization more efficient in the water treatment plant and agriculture. In addition, the standardization of data format i.e., use of Water Mark UP language 2.0 has made data exchange easier for between different water authorities. This review research exhibits the current state-of-the-art of the on-going SWT along with present challenges and future scope on the mentioned technologies. A conclusion is drawn that smart technologies can lead to better water resource management, which can lead to the reduction of water scarcity worldwide. High implementation cost may act as a barrier to the implementation of SWT in developing countries, whereas data security and its reliability along with system ability to give accurate results are some of the key challenges in its field implementation.
The acquisition of verbal tense and aspect in Maltese by adult migrants: Implications for pedagogical grammar

This article considers the relevance of second language acquisition research for the development of pedagogical grammar. As an example it looks at the acquisition of verbal tense and aspect by intermediate-to-advanced level learners of Maltese, and more specifically the extent to which the perfett and imperfett verb forms are used by the learners when compared with L1 users of Maltese. Sixteen adult migrant learners, and 15 L1 Maltese users, took part in the study. All but one of the 16 migrant learners knew at least two other languages. Two of the participants had Arabic as their L1, and three others had learned Arabic as an L2, while the remaining learners spoke a variety of first languages. On a picture interpretation task, L1 speakers of Arabic performed very much like Maltese L1 speakers, predominantly using the perfett, perfective aspect in the past. All the other migrant learners, including those who had learned Arabic well as an L2, used the imperfett, imperfective/unrestricted habitual aspect. This evidence has important implications for the formulation of pedagogical grammar for foreign learners of Maltese. It also sheds light on the relevance of language typology in foreign language acquisition.
ANALISIS SPASIAL KETERTINGGALAN DAERAH DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2018 MENGGUNAKAN GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED LOGISTIC REGRESSION

Development inequality in Indonesia has led the developed and underdeveloped regions. Regional backwardness caused by high inequality must be handled properly to prevent negative impacts on national stability. But in fact, the handling of underdeveloped regions is only effective in Western Indonesia, while in Eastern Indonesia tends to be not optimal. This study aims to explore regional backwardness in Indonesia and examines the factors that influence it. Based on data, underdeveloped regions tend to cluster in eastern Indonesia, and the independent variables have large variations between regions. This indicates dependence and spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, this study applies spatial analysis using the Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression (GWLR) method. GWLR shows better performance in modeling the regional backwardness in Indonesia compared to its global model (binary logistic regression). This study provides a local model for each district/city that can be used by local governments to implement more effective policies based on factors that do have significant effects on regional backwardness.
Germinação e crescimento inicial de genótipos de cajueiro anão-precoce em condições de salinidade

Foram avaliados, em casa-de-vegetacao, os efeitos de quatro niveis de condutividade eletrica da agua de irrigacao (CEa: 0,7; 1,4; 2,1 e 2,8 dS m-1, a 25 oC) contendo Na:Ca:Mg na proporcao equivalente 7:2:1, sobre a germinacao e o crescimento inicial, durante 50 dias, de cinco clones de cajueiro anao-precoce (Anacardium occidentale L.): CCP06, CCP09, CCP1001, EMBRAPA50 e EMBRAPA51. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso e esquema fatorial 4 x 5, com 4 repeticoes. Avaliaram-se, tambem, as variaveis de germinacao (dias e percentagens de plântulas emergidas) e de crescimento (altura de planta, numero de folhas, area foliar e fitomassa de raizes, da parte aerea e total). A maioria das variaveis estudadas foi influenciada pela salinidade da agua de irrigacao e variou entre clones sem, entretanto, haver efeito interativo desses fatores. Em CEa de 1,48 dS m-1 foi obtida uma producao relativa de 90% da fitomassa total, podendo este valor ser considerado limite de tolerância a salinidade, para o crescimento inicial do cajueiro anao-precoce. Em geral, os clones EMBRAPA51 e CCP1001 foram os de menor e maior desenvolvimento, respectivamente, em todo o periodo de estudo.
Why the Ising and continuous-space models of ionic systems exhibit essentially different critical behavior

A Landau–Ginzburg–Wilson functional of two order-parameters—the density of charge φ and the density of mass ρ—is constructed for ionic systems in which the positions of ions are either in the Euclidean space or are restricted to the lattice sites. We find two phase-transitions: (i) a line of continuous transitions to the charge-ordered phase, induced by the fluctuations φ(r)∝cos(r⋅k) with 2π/k of molecular size, which terminates at a tricritical point and (ii) a transition between two uniform, ion-poor and ion-rich phases, induced by the whole spectrum of the charge fluctuations. Due to the dominant role of the short-wavelength charge fluctuations, the positions of the transitions depend significantly on the short-distance properties of the system. In different systems (continuous or on different lattices) one or the other transition may be preempted by the occurrence of the other, by which qualitatively different phase diagrams are obtained.
Coal Industrial Supply Chain Network and Associated Evaluation Models

To improve integration and achieve better coal industry materials and energy balance, integrated collaborative supply chains (SCs) are needed. However, as single-core SC models are not suitable for complex coal industry systems, a multicore, correlated, conditional SC model, called a supply chain network (SCN), is proposed. SCN collaborative evaluation models are discussed including industrial metabolic balance (IMB), enterprise profitability, contract execution ability and information interaction ability, for which IMB is used as the efficiency index of resource coordination of SCN, also as the constraints of the models on system levels. Further, data modeling by using BP-ANN algorithm is used to predict the profitability of supply chain network. Finally, the feasibility of the above models is illustrated by cases. The proposed evaluation models in this paper form the scientific and quantitative evaluation method of SC, which could be used for both SC planning and operations management helping detect and eliminate risks.
Parasitic enteritis in the free-ranging Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Aves: Passeriformes: Sturnidae)

Two deceased adult Common Myna Acridotherestristispresented for post-mortem investigations revealed weak carcasses with pale mucus membranes. The small intestine was completely blocked by balled-up tapeworms, which wereconfirmed as Hymenolepiscantaniana. Grossly, the intestine showed severe, diffuse congestion and catarrhal enteritis. Histopathological examination of the intestine exhibited severe congestion, denuded epithelium with necrotic cells along with homogenous catarrhal exudates admixed with a few polymorphonuclear cells. This report puts into record a rare case ofHymenolepisspeciesincidence in Common Myna.
Observation-Based Summer O3 Control Effect Evaluation: A Case Study in Chengdu, a Megacity in Sichuan Basin, China

Ground-level ozone (O3), which is mainly from the photochemical reactions of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has become a crucial pollutant obstructing air quality improvement in China. Understanding the composition, temporal variability and source apportionment of VOCs is necessary for determining effective control measures to minimize VOCs and their related photochemical pollution. To provide a comprehensive analysis of VOC sources and their contributions to ozone formation in the city of Chengdu—a megacity with the highest rates of industrial and economic development in southwest China—we conducted a one-month monitoring project at three urban sites (Shuangliu, Xindu, Junpingjie; SL, XD and JPJ, respectively) along the main north–south meteorological transport channel before and during the implemented control measures. Alkanes were the dominant group at each site, contributing to around 50% of the observed total VOCs, followed by oxygen-containing VOCs (OVOCs), aromatics, halohydrocarbons and alkenes. During the control period, the mixing ratios of most measured VOC species decreased, and O3 concentrations were down by at least 20%. VOC species experiencing the most effect from control were aromatics and OVOCs, which had higher O3 formation reactivity. This indicated that the control policies had significant influence on reductions of reactive VOC species. We also identified VOC sources at SL and XD using positive matrix factorization (PMF) and assessed their contributions to photochemical O3 formation by calculating the O3 formation potential (OFP) based on mass concentrations and maximum incremental reactivity of related VOCs. Five dominant VOC sources were identified, with the highest contributions from vehicular exhaust and fuel evaporation before control, followed by solvent utilization, biogenic background and secondary formation, and industrial emissions. Contribution from vehicular exhaust was reduced the most at SL, while at XD, secondary formation VOCs decreased significantly. VOCs from vehicular and industrial emissions and solvent utilization were found to be the dominant precursors for OFPs, particularly the species of xylenes, toluene and propene. Our results therefore suggest that priority should be given to the alleviation of photochemical pollutants for effective control of O3 formation in Chengdu. The findings from this work have important implications for formulating effective emission control policies in Chengdu.
What school-age children think about mental health: a Salutogenic public consultation survey

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to ascertain the views of children in relation to mental health and where they can seek help if needed. An electronic survey was designed that consisted of open-ended and pre-coded closed questions. The participants were 154 children from Nottingham, UK. Bullying, loneliness and family problems were cited as the main causes for mental distress. Parents and teachers can create honest transparent relationships and this is regarded as important; children will talk to those who listen, if the right relationship or space is created, children will use it. To promote the mental health of children, schools need to have greater investment in training for existing staff and recruitment of new staff whose job it is to listen, empathise and support children during their education. There is good evidence that mental health promotion programmes in schools, especially those adopting a whole school approach, lead to positive mental health, social and educational outcomes.
Mammalian herbivory in post-fire chaparral impacts herbaceous composition but not N and C cycling

Classical theory predicts that herbivores impact herb assemblages and soil nitrogen (N) cycling through selective plant consumption and the deposition of N-rich waste, with effects dependent upon ecosystem N availability. Herbivores are predicted to accelerate N cycling when N availability is high and decelerate cycling when availability is low. However, experimental tests of these theories in natural systems are limited and have yielded contradictory results. California’s widespread chaparral shrublands provide a tractable system in which to test these theories. They are prone to periodic crown fire, which temporarily removes living shrub cover, deposits mineral N on soils and allows diverse herbaceous assemblages to dominate the landscape for 3–5 years. Chaparral is also increasingly vulnerable to herbaceous invasion; mammalian herbivory may limit the establishment of non-native herbs in the shrub understory. We implemented a 2-year herbivore-exclosure experiment (Hopland, CA) to assess the impact of mammalian herbivory during early post-fire chaparral succession, both on herbaceous plant assemblages and soil N and C cycling. We predicted that, in high-N post-fire conditions, mammalian herbivory would not demonstrate a strong preference for N-fixing herbs, would accelerate N cycling and would reduce the abundance of non-native herbs. Excluding mammalian herbivores increased herb standing biomass by 54%, but changed neither the relative abundance of N-fixing vs. non-N-fixing herbs nor any measure of N or C cycling. Herbivore impacts on nutrient cycling may not be significant over the 2-year time scale of the experiment and physical effects of herbivore activity could have counteracted the influence of plant litter and animal dung/urine inputs. Mammalian herbivores concentrated their feeding on typical non-native herbs, slightly decreasing their relative abundance; however, mammalian herbivory was not sufficient to stem the invasion of chaparral by invasive herbs or alter C and N cycling over the first 2 years after fire.
The Effects of an Equine Assisted Learning Supervision Intervention on Counselors’-in-training Performance Anxiety and Counseling Self- Efficacy

ABSTRACT Counseling deals with a myriad of complex human emotions, and competency takes years of practice and experience. Counselors-in-training (CITs) who do not expect this complexity experience overwhelming performance anxiety. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an equine assisted learning supervision (EAL-S) intervention on CITs’ performance anxiety and counseling self-efficacy. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State and Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory measured CITs’ pre-post (N = 20; treatment group, n = 10; control group n = 10) performance anxiety and counseling self-efficacy. Results yielded a significant difference between the treatment and control groups’ counseling self-efficacy but not their performance anxiety. Participants were able to relate their interaction with horses to interactions with clients. Counseling self-efficacy of the treatment group increased ten times more than the control group. This study supports that a one-hour EAL-S intervention may improve CITs’ counseling self-efficacy and improve their tolerance for performance anxiety.