Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sellülaz Enzimi Muamelesinin Çeltik Samanı Sindirilebilirliği Üzerine Etkisi

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of cellulase enzyme treatments and incubations on digestibility of rice straw. Rice straw was treated by using cellulase from Trichoderma reseei at 0 (Control, C), 1 (RS+CEL1), 1.5 (RS+CEL1.5) and 2% (RS+CEL2) levels (dry matter basis, DM), and treated rice straw samples were ensiled in 6 glass jars for C, RS+CEL1, RS+CEL1.5 and RS+CEL2. For control and each level of cellulase treatment, 3 glass jars were incubated at room temperature (22oC) in the dark for 30 days, 3 glass jars were incubated at 40±0.2oC in an incubator for 30 days. After the treatment, the significant increases (P<0.05) were determined in treatment groups compared to control for the percentage of in vitro true digestibility as fed (IVTDas fed ), in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD), in vitro true neutral detergent fiber digestibility in DM basis (IVTNDFDDM) and in vitro true organic matter digestibility in DM basis (IVTOMDDM ) of rice straw. The best results obtained from the highest level of cellulase (RS+CEL2) treatment at 40oC for IVTDas fed, IVTDMD, IVTNDFDDM and IVTOMDDM were 62.99±0.22, 60.43±0.23, 30.70±0.23 and 63.58±0.34%, respectively. In conclusion, observed results showed that treatment of rice straw with cellulase improved the true digestibilitiy.
Amarenographium solium sp. nov. from Yanbu Mangroves in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract During an ongoing study of marine fungi growing on Avicennia marina in the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia, a new coelomycete was collected in the genus Amarenographium. The new species is characterized by muriform, brown conidia with one polar gelatinous cap and sheath and holoblastic phialidic conidiogenesis. Amarenographium solium sp. nov. differs from the two known species of Amarenographium by the large size of its pycnidia, a thick (62–75 µm) two-layered peridial wall of the conidiomata that appears as textura epidermoidea in surface view and conidia with one apical appendage. Phylogenetic analysis of SSU and LSU rDNA sequences showed that the new species and thus genus Amarenographium grouped consistently with Medicopsis romeroi with high bootstrap support and form a basal clade to the families: Montagnulaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae, order Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Performanceof the NAS Parallel Benchmarkson PVM Based Networks °

The NAS parallel benchmarks are a set of applications that embody the key computational and data-movement characteristics of typical processing in computational aerodynamics. Five of these, the kernel benchmarks, have been implemented on the PVM system, a software system for network-based concurrent computing, with a view to determining the efficacy of networked environments for high-performance computational aerodynamics applications, and to experimentally investigate enhancements to the software infrastructure that optimize communication performance in such environments. We present results of porting and executing the NPB kernels in three different cluster environments using low-to medium-powered workstations on Ethernet and two types of FDDI networks. Our results indicate that mediocre to very good performance could be obtained despite the communications intensive nature of the applications. In most cases, we were able to achieve performance levels within an order of magnitude of a Cray Y/MP-1 on 8-workstation clusters via optimizations to the PVM infrastructure alone, i.e. with little or no algorithmic modifications. However, our results also indicate that further improvements are possible, and that network based computing has the potential to be a viable technology for high-performance scientific computing.
Genetic relations among fat melting point, fatty acid composition and carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle

黒毛和種の筋肉内脂肪の脂肪融点（以下，融点），脂肪酸組成および枝肉形質間の遺伝的な関連性を明らかにするため，肥育牛5,314頭のデータを用いて遺伝的パラメータを推定した．融点，脂肪酸組成および不飽和度の遺伝率は，中程度から高い値が推定された （0.31～0.73）．これらの形質とBMS（No）との遺伝相関は18 : 2を除いて弱く（－0.09～0.15），枝肉形質との相関も弱かった（－0.11～0.14）．血縁係数を用いてクラスター分析で分類した種雄牛グループ間で，BMS，融点および不飽和度の育種価に有意な差が認められた．種雄牛グループの順位は，不飽和度（および融点）とBMSで傾向が異なっていた．これらから，BMSや枝肉形質と融点および脂肪酸組成との間には遺伝的に独立した関係が認められ，融点や不飽和度が新たな肉質改良の指標として利用可能であることが示唆された．
High Dose Vitamin D3 Improves Exercise Tolerance in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: In addition to airflow limitation, peripheral muscle dysfunction is a limiting factor in physical performance of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Any measure to improve global muscle function in COPD patients such as vitamin D replacement seems to enhance exercise tolerance of these patients. Aim: The aim of present study was to study the effect of vitamin D replacement therapy on exercise tolerance of a group of stable COPD patients with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Methods: It was an experimental, unblended open-label trial. A total number of 25 stable COPD patients were enrolled in the study in the period between March 2012 and OCT 2012 and received 50,000 IU vitamin D weekly for 4-8 weeks in addition to their standard medical therapy as before. They were also subdivided into two subgroups based on serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D,25(OH)D( <10 ng/ml and 10-30 ng/ml). Pulmonary function tests, six-minute walk distance test(6MWD) were measured at baseline and three months after the enrollment. Results: By the end of study, there was significant improvement in the distance walked during 6-minute walk test. This improvement was documented in both subgroups of patients. However, the perceived dyspnea during test did not differ from baseline value by the end of the study. Also, only patients with serum 25(OH) D, 10 -30 ng/ml showed the significant increase in their mean value of FEV1 by the end of the study. Conclusion: Vitamin D replacement therapy is an effective measure to improve exercise tolerance of stable COPD patients with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency *Corresponding author: Dr. Mehrnaz Asadi Gharabaghi, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +982161192646; E-mail: asadi_m@tums.ac. ir Received May 28, 2013; Accepted August 12, 2013; Published August 14, 2013 Citation: Gharabaghi MA, Ghrabaghi MA, Arabi M, Anaraki MRZ, Deilami GD (2013) High Dose Vitamin D3 Improves Exercise Tolerance in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Gerontol Geriat Res 2: 127. doi:10.4172/2167-7182.1000127 Copyright: © 2013 Gharabaghi MA, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Growth Models and the Footprint of Transnational Capital

The definition of various growth models is the latest innovation of comparative capitalism (CC) research. Yet, the literature has its weaknesses in explaining the dynamics within and the interdependencies between different growth models. I argue that this weakness stems inter alia from an inadequate conceptualization of transnational corporations (TNCs). I provide empirical evidence on the footprint of international capital in the global economy and outline how including TNCs as a unit of analysis can help us to better understand economic outcomes. This leads to several implications for the growth models literature, which I conclude my argument with.
Cyber Personalities as a Target Audience

: Target audience analysis (TAA) is an essential part of any psychological operation. In order to convey a change in behaviour, the overall population is systematically segmented into target audiences (TAs) according to their expected responsiveness to different types of influence and messages, as well as their expected ability to behave in a desired way. The cyber domain poses a challenge to traditional TAA methods. Firstly, it is vast and complex, requiring effective algorithms to filter out relevant information within a meaningful timeframe. Secondly, it is constantly changing, representing a meshwork in formation, rather than a stable collection of TAA-specific data. The third challenge is that the target audience (TA) consists not of people, but of digital representations of people, whose true identity and characteristics cannot usually be verified. To address these challenges, the authors of this article suggest that the concept of TAA has to be revised for use in the cyber domain. Instead of trying to analyse physical people through the cyber interface, the authors have conceptualized an abstract entity whose physical identity might not be known, but whose behavioural patterns can be observed in the cyber environment. These cyber personalities, some of which are more or less intelligent algorithms, construct and share their interpretation of reality as well as carefully planned narratives in the digital environment. From the viewpoint of TAA, the only relevant quality of these entities is their potential ability to contribute to the objectives of a psychological operation. As a first step, this article examines the cyber domain through a five-layer structure and looks at what TAA-relevant data is available for analysis. The authors also present ways of analysing cyber personalities and their networks, in order to conduct a TAA that effectively supports psychological influence in the cyber domain. As a way of better utilizing the digital nature of cyber personalities, a concept of dynamic TAs is also introduced.
Within‐population craniometric variability of insular populations of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, elucidated by landscape configuration

Within-population genetic variability of twelve insular and four mainland populations of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) was assessed using craniometric characters, and compared to results previously obtained from RAPD data. An index of Craniometric Variance (CVar) was computed from pairwise distances among all specimens. Variations in CVar measures were then compared to landscape variables using a linear regression approach. Our results suggest that CVar decreases in presence of large number of a competitive species (the boreal redback vole, Clethrionomys gapperi; r = -0.527, p < 0.037) in deer mouse populations. Island remoteness (r = -0.251, p < 0.220) and the geometry of the bank opposite to each island (r = - 0.459, p < 0.067) were marginally correlated with CVar, but the linear combination of these two variables, forming a composite isolation index, represented the major factor explaining the observed CVar (r = - 0.648, p < 0.011). Using a multiple regression model, 76.3% of the CVar was explained by a combination of this isolation index and the competitors' abundance. These results suggest that taking into account landscape barriers as well as the dispersal behavior of small mammals might provide sounder ecological variables than geographical distances alone for predicting within-population genetic variability in a network of habitat patches.
In Vitro Procedure for Predicting the Enzymatic Dephosphorylation of Phytate in Corn−Soybean Meal Diets for Growing Swine

An in vitro procedure was developed to simulate the digestive system of growing swine for the purpose of predicting phosphorus release from corn−soybean meal diets. The procedure consisted of separate peptic and pancreatic digestion periods. Peptic digestion was carried out by incubating 1.0 g of feed sample with 3000 units of pepsin at pH 2.5 for 75 min. Pancreatic digestion was conducted in a pH 6.0 dialyzing medium for 1−5 h after the pepsin digesta were mixed with 2.4 mg of pancreatin. The in vitro P release responded linearly and quadratically (p < 0.0001) to increasing concentrations of added P and microbial phytase, respectively. The recovery rate of added inorganic P averaged 98%. The in vitro P release correlated (r = 0.999) with in vivo P digestibility and growth performance. In conclusion, this in vitro procedure is a valid, simple, and economical method for predicting the enzymatic dephosphorylation of phytate in corn−soybean meal diets fed to growing swine. Keywords: In vitro procedure; phosp.
Value Creations Through Co-Creation and Collaboration Strategy in SMEs Creative Industry

The study focuses on fashion Small Medium Entreprises (SMEs) in Indonesia utilizing strategies and efforts to develop value creations. It is generated by co-creation and collaboration strategy which are supported by market attractiveness and dynamic capabilities. The objectives of this study are to perform analysis on co-creation, collaboration strategy and value creations of SMEs in fashion industry. The research method is descriptive and explanatory survey. The sample size are thirty one SMEs in Bandung and Partial Least Square (PLS) technique was used to test the hypothesis model. The unique findings is co-creation and collaboration strategy have influence on value creations. Market attractiveness or potential profitability be a major input in formulating and implementing both strategies. The phenomena depicted that optimizing market attractiveness and dynamic input capabilities can help SMEs formulate and implement co-creation and collaboration strategy more effectively to create value for customers (value creations). This research gave theoritical recommendation for fashion industry to enhance their value creations process and to develop co-creation and collaborations strategy.
FEATURE EXTRACTION BASED ON THE KANADE-TOMASI ALGORITHM FOR TEXTURE-BASED VIDEO CODING

–In this paper, we mainly focus on the extraction of features based on Kanade-Tomasi method for application of video compression in texture-based coding. This is also familiar as Shi-Tomasi algorithm which mainly contributes on direct computation of the eigenavalues of an input image. The first step is to detect the corners which are the interested feature parameters. The corners are detected by computing the minimum eigenvalues. The experimental results reveal that there is improvement in obtaining the video with a high quality in texture coding in the reconstruction stage. The obtained features are used to regain the lost data by considering only the relevant bits by estimating the vectors of motion between the video frames. The proposed algorithm is compared and tested with the Moravec algorithm and Harris-Stephens method and the results obtained are better improved than the previous two methods as specified above.
Foraging behaviour of the middle spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos medius in Sweden

During winter and spring the oak Quercus robur, was the tree species most utilized by middle spoiled woodpeckers. In March, saptrees, mainly maples Acer platanoides, were preferred for a short period. In winter the birds foraged in the crowns of oaks but in spring they preferred lower stem parts. Dead branches were utilized more in winter than in spring. The birds mostly used a gleaning and probing technique, which may render the species more senstitive to severe weather conditions than other woodpecker species. Arthropods collected from trees were mostly spiders, beetles, thrips or springtails. The nestlings were mainly fed on scale insects and larvae of moths and sawflies. The oak habitat specialization is believed to be caused by competition for food with other gleaning forest birds. Food shortage might possibly occur during periods of bad weather, causing increased mortality.
Cutaneous properties of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea

We measured rates of evaporative water loss (EWL) in Litoria aurea at 25, 30, 33, and 35°C. There was a substantial rise in EWL over this range of temperatures, averaging 12.3 and 23.5 mg g-1 h-1 at 25 and 35°C, respectively. The rise in EWL over this temperature interval was associated with a corresponding drop in cutaneous resistance to water vapour flux (rc) which steadily declined from 6.9 to 3.5 s cm-1. The average highest rc measured for these eight frogs was 7 s cm-1 which places this species amongst frogs considered to have moderately waterproof skins. We also quantified the spectral reflectance of L aurea dorsal skin at wavelengths between 280 and 900 nm, The skin had a peak at 550 nm which was expected for a green frog, but lacked the abrupt rise in reflectance at about 700 nm found in green leaves and some other species of green, leaf-sitting Litoria species. The absence of high near-infra-red reflectivity in L aurea is attributed to its retention of melanin as a darkening pigment instead of pt.
Effect of pharmacological intakes of zinc and copper on growth performance, circulating cytokines and gut microbiota of newly weaned piglets challenged with coliform lipopolysaccharides

The effect of feeding pharmacological levels of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) to newly weaned piglets on growth performance, circulating cytokines levels and gut microbiota was investigated. One hundred eighty piglets [5.90 ± 0.18 kg body weight (BW); six pigs per pen] weaned at 16 to 19 d of age were fed diets containing 3000 ppm additional Zn, 250 ppm additional Cu or a control diet (150 ppm Zn, 15 ppm Cu) for 14 d post-weaning (weeks 1 and 2). Pigs were fed a control diet for an additional 2 wk. Pigs were injected intramuscularly on days 13 and 19 with either 75 μg kg-1 BW of coliform lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or an equivalent amount of saline. Blood samples were collected 3 h after LPS injection to measure plasma levels of cytokines and cortisol. Digesta of ileum and colon were collected from non-challenged pigs on days 14 and 28 to evaluate microbiota using conventional culturing methods and polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCRDGGE) analysis of the 16S rRNA genes. The.
Submergence Acclimation to Low-Temperature Stress in Rice Roots

A low temperature (10ºC, 48 h) inhibited primary root growth of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.). However, the inhibition was significantly mitigated by submergence for 24 h before the exposure to low temperatures, which induced alcohol dehydrogenase and increased the ethanol concentration in roots. Exogenous application of ethanol also had a similar mitigating effect. These results suggest that submergence pretreatment increases the tolerance to low temperature in rice roots due to ethanol accumulation in the roots.
Retraction: Confidence level and credit risk analysis in Russian banks

The aim of the paper is to analyze the confidence level and credit risks in Russian banks after the 2014 sanction in terms of the economic behavior theory. The paper describes the banking system of Russia using analytical methods according to the polled data of the Financial University and the Bank of Russia. The survey included 106 responses of professors and researchers of the Financial University ranged by level of influence: 7 – very high; 6 – high; 5 – little higher, 4 – middle, 3 – little low, 2 – low, and 1 – very low. Statistics on Distance to Default and Probability of Default are used from Thomson Reuters. The survey proves that the problem of credit risk management in the Russian banking system is not so strong. It is confirmed that the confidence level is the solution to the problem of low level of institutional investors’ (mutual funds, pension institutions, insurance companies) capacity due to the lack of money coming into the financial system. The main conclusion is that in Russia there are no proper incentives for potential recipients of investment to attract investment resources in the domestic stock market, and the number of banks is steady decreasing. The results showed that the credit risk of Russian banks is higher than one year ago. Oleg Lavrushin (Russian Federation), Natalia Sokolinskaya (Russian Federation)
A Survey On Emotion Detection Techniques using Text in Blogposts

People express emotions as part of everyday communication. Emotions can be judged by facial expressions, prosodies, gestures, actions and written texts. Emotion is an important aspect in the interaction and communication between peoples. The communication of emotions through text messaging and personal blogs poses the informal style of writing is a challenge for researchers. Extraction of emotions from text can applied for deciding the human computer interaction which governs the communications. Emotions may be expressed by a persons speech, face expression and written text known as speech, facial and text based emotion respectively. This work is drawn from emotion theories in the ﬁelds of psychology and linguistics, and use natural language processing and machine learning techniques for automatic emotion detection. In this work, it is described that studies in manual and automatic recognition of expressions of the eight basic emotions Angry, Anticipate, Disgust, Fear, Joy, Sadness, Surprise, Trust in text form.
Identification and Genomic Variability of Prune dwarf virus Variants Infecting Stone Fruit Trees in Turkey

Prune dwarf virus (PDV), a pathogen of stone fruit trees worldwide, shows a great variability in its biological, serological and molecular properties. The coat protein sequences of ten PDV variants from different stone fruit tree species in Turkey were determined. The sequence for each variant was 657 nucleotides in length. The phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the Turkish variants and of additional sequences of other PDV variants from international databases indicate the existence of four groups of PDV variants: one contains cherry variants that differs in group specific conserved amino acids; a second contains one apricot and cherry variants, most members of the group being Turkish variants; a third contains mixed variants from cherry, peach, plum trees and an almond tree; and a fourth contains only variants from almond trees. Based on their hosts, we propose the nomenclature of these groups as cherry I, cherry II, mixed and almond groups, respectively.
New report of leaf blight disease on eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) caused by Pestalotiopsis virgatula in Thailand

Abstract A leaf blight on eucalyptus, caused by Pestalotiopsis virgatula, was found on a Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation for the first time at Chiang Mai Province, Thailand in 2011. The fungus was isolated and its pathogenicity confirmed. Pathogenicity tests showed that P. virgatula could infect E. camaldulensis, which developed the same symptoms under artificial inoculation conditions as those observed in the field. The fungus was identified based on morphological and culture characteristics as P. virgatula. Identifications were confirmed using comparisons of DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions 1 and 2, including 5.8S rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). This is the first report of eucalyptus leaf blight disease caused by P. virgatula.