Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum circuit for toric code state preparation via graph states

Given the wide applicability of topological states for fault-tolerant quantum computation, an important outstanding question is how to generate these states within the quantum circuit model, and if it is possible to do so eﬃciently. In this work, toric code states on the torus are mapped to an equivalent graph state under local Cliﬀord operations. The graph is composed of only two subgraphs, both of which can be generated in log depth, assuming geometrically non-local gates. Including ancillae and measurements, the circuit depth can be reduced to a constant at the cost of increasing the circuit width. Among many insights, the toric code graph structure reveals a close connection between repetition and topological codes. Due to their local equivalence to the toric code, all two-dimensional translationally invariant topological stabilizer codes are therefore eﬃciently preparable on a quantum circuit. The results provide a new graph-theoretic framework for the development of novel topological error correction codes, beyond geometrical considerations.
An End-to-End Deep Learning Approach for Quantitative Microwave Breast Imaging in Real-Time Applications

(1) Background: In this paper, an artificial neural network approach for effective and real-time quantitative microwave breast imaging is proposed. It proposes some numerical analyses for the optimization of the network architecture and the improvement of recovery performance and processing time in the microwave breast imaging framework, which represents a fundamental preliminary step for future diagnostic applications. (2) Methods: The methodological analysis of the proposed approach is based on two main aspects: firstly, the definition and generation of a proper database adopted for the training of the neural networks and, secondly, the design and analysis of different neural network architectures. (3) Results: The methodology was tested in noisy numerical scenarios with different values of SNR showing good robustness against noise. The results seem very promising in comparison with conventional nonlinear inverse scattering approaches from a qualitative as well as a quantitative point of view. (4) Conclusion: The use of quantitative microwave imaging and neural networks can represent a valid alternative to (or completion of) modern conventional medical imaging techniques since it is cheaper, safer, fast, and quantitative, thus suitable to assist medical decisions.
SLOE: A Faster Method for Statistical Inference in High-Dimensional Logistic Regression

Logistic regression remains one of the most widely used tools in applied statistics, machine learning and data science. However, in moderately high-dimensional problems, where the number of features $d$ is a non-negligible fraction of the sample size $n$, the logistic regression maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), and statistical procedures based the large-sample approximation of its distribution, behave poorly. Recently, Sur and Cand\`es (2019) showed that these issues can be corrected by applying a new approximation of the MLE's sampling distribution in this high-dimensional regime. Unfortunately, these corrections are difficult to implement in practice, because they require an estimate of the \emph{signal strength}, which is a function of the underlying parameters $\beta$ of the logistic regression. To address this issue, we propose SLOE, a fast and straightforward approach to estimate the signal strength in logistic regression. The key insight of SLOE is that the Sur and Cand\`es (2019) correction can be reparameterized in terms of the \emph{corrupted signal strength}, which is only a function of the estimated parameters $\widehat \beta$. We propose an estimator for this quantity, prove that it is consistent in the relevant high-dimensional regime, and show that dimensionality correction using SLOE is accurate in finite samples. Compared to the existing ProbeFrontier heuristic, SLOE is conceptually simpler and orders of magnitude faster, making it suitable for routine use. We demonstrate the importance of routine dimensionality correction in the Heart Disease dataset from the UCI repository, and a genomics application using data from the UK Biobank. We provide an open source package for this method, available at \url{https://github.com/google-research/sloe-logistic}.
Evolving Learning Rate Optimizers for Deep Neural Networks

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) became popular due to their successful application difficult problems such image and speech recognition. However, when practitioners want to design an ANN they need to undergo laborious process of selecting a set of parameters and topology. Currently, there are several state-of-the art methods that allow for the automatic selection of some of these aspects. Learning Rate optimizers are a set of such techniques that search for good values of learning rates. Whilst these techniques are effective and have yielded good results over the years, they are general solution i.e. they do not consider the characteristics of a specific network. We propose a framework called AutoLR to automatically design Learning Rate Optimizers. Two versions of the system are detailed. The first one, Dynamic AutoLR, evolves static and dynamic learning rate optimizers based on the current epoch and the previous learning rate. The second version, Adaptive AutoLR, evolves adaptive optimizers that can fine tune the learning rate for each network eeight which makes them generally more effective. The results are competitive with the best state of the art methods, even outperforming them in some scenarios. Furthermore, the system evolved a classifier, ADES, that appears to be novel and innovative since, to the best of our knowledge, it has a structure that differs from state of the art methods.
What is it Like to Be a Bot: Simulated, Situated, Structurally Coherent Qualia (S3Q) Theory of Consciousness

A novel representationalist theory of consciousness is presented that is grounded in neuroscience and provides a path to artificially conscious computing. Central to the theory are representational affordances of the conscious experience based on the generation of qualia, the fundamental unit of the conscious representation. The current approach is focused on understanding the balance of simulation, situatedness, and structural coherence of artificial conscious representations through converging evidence from neuroscientific and modeling experiments. Representations instantiating a suitable balance of situated and structurally coherent simulation-based qualia are hypothesized to afford the agent the flexibilities required to succeed in rapidly changing environments.
Probing the Surface Heterogeneity of Polycrystalline Zinc Oxide by Static Adsorption Microcalorimetry. 1. The Influence of the Thermal Pretreatment on the Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide

The adsorption of carbon dioxide on differently pretreated polycrystalline ZnO was studied by thermodynamic and kinetic methods. The uptake of CO2 observed in a static Tian−Calvet microcalorimeter reached saturation at about 5 μmol/m2, corresponding to about half of the exposed Zn2+ sites after a thorough thermal pretreatment at 450 °C for 4 h. The saturation uptake was found to be correlated inversely with the amount of residual hydroxyl groups on the ZnO surfaces. At room temperature, the adsorption of CO2 was found to occur in two steps. Initially, the adsorption was nonactivated, and the exposed surfaces were saturated at a very low equilibrium pressure (p ≪ 1 Pa) with an initial differential heat of adsorption (qdiff) of 100−120 kJ/mol, a standard entropy of −190 J mol−1 K−1, and an adsorption rate constant of 10−5 Pa−1 s−1. During the second stage, an inhibiting effect was observed; the equilibrium coverage increased slowly with increasing pressure, qdiff decreased rapidly with increasing coverage, .
Extracting Correlations in Earthquake Time Series Using Visibility Graph Analysis

Recent observation studies have revealed that earthquakes are classified into several different categories. Each category might be characterized by the unique statistical feature in the time series, but the present understanding is still limited due to their non-linear and non-stationary nature. Here we utilize complex network theory to shed new light on the statistical properties of earthquake time series. We investigate two kinds of time series, which are magnitude and inter-event time (IET), for three different categories of earthquakes: regular earthquakes, earthquake swarms, and tectonic tremors. Following the criterion of visibility graph, earthquake time series are mapped into a complex network by considering each seismic event as a node and determining the links. As opposed to the current common belief, it is found that the magnitude time series are not statistically equivalent to random time series. The IET series exhibit correlations similar to fractional Brownian motion for all the categories of earthquakes. Furthermore, we show that the time series of three different categories of earthquakes can be distinguished by the topology of the associated visibility graph. Analysis on the assortativity coefficient also reveals that the swarms are more intermittent than the tremors.
Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Salix sinopurpurea (Salicaceae)

Abstract Salix sinopurpurea is a morphologically special shrubby willow characterizing opposite leaves. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Salix sinopurpurea. The cp genome is 155,546 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,412 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 16,216 bp, and a pair of inverted repeated regions of 27,459 bp. The cp genome of Salix sinopurpurea encodes 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic tree showed that Salix sinopurpurea is closely related to Salix psammophila and Salix suchowensis.
Investigation of Hypoglycemic Peptides Derived from Conserved Regions of adMc1 to Reveal Their Antidiabetic Activities

Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic disorder and leading cause of renal, neurological, and gastrointestinal manifestations in developed and developing countries. Despite of many drugs and combinational therapies, the complications of diabetes are still listed due to severe consequences of those drugs. In past few years, plant-derived drugs draw special attention due to their higher efficacy and fewer side-effects. Momordica charantia also known as bitter melon is referred as an antidiabetic and hypoglycemic plant in native populations of Asia and East Africa. In current study, an in silico approach was used to evaluate the interactions and binding patterns of plant-derived peptides devised from a hypoglycemic protein adMc1 of M. charantia as potential inhibitor of DPP-IV, SGLT1, and GLUT2 receptor proteins. The study has described a novel approach to investigate hypoglycemic peptides to cure diabetes. A total of eighty tetra-, penta-, and hexapeptides were devised from conserved regions of adMc1 homologs. The molecular docking approach using MOE software was employed to reveal inhibiting potentials of devised peptides against three selected proteins. Out of 30 shortlisted ligands six peptides (i.e. SMCG, DECC, TTIT, RTTI, ARNL and TVEV) accomplished the criteria of being good drug candidates against selected receptor proteins following the drugability assessment test. The overall results are acceptable on the basis of ADMET profiling for being good drug candidates against selected proteins.
Soot characterisation and diesel engine wear

The hardness of various types of soot produced by heavy‐ and light‐duty diesel engines of European, Japanese, and North American designs was measured by low‐loss electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS). No clear general trend can be established that shows heavy‐duty diesel engine soot is necessarily harder than light‐duty diesel engine soot. The variation in hardness among individual soot particles produced by the same diesel engine can be as large as differences between the hardest soot particles produced by heavy‐duty diesel engines and the softest soot particles produced by light‐duty diesel engines. There are heavy‐duty diesel engines that can produce soot that is softer than that produced by some light‐duty diesel engines and vice versa. Nevertheless, the hardness of all types of soot studied is close to the range of hardness of metal engine parts. Thus, the results indicate that soot is hard enough to abrade some metal engine parts.
Detection of Vascular Reactive Oxygen Species in Experimental Atherosclerosis by High-Resolution Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Using VCAM-1-Targeted Liposomes Entrapping a Fluorogenic Redox-Sensitive Probe

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ensuing oxidative stress are instrumental in all phases of atherosclerosis. Despite the major achievements in understanding the regulatory pathways and molecular sources of ROS in the vasculature, the specific detection and quantification of ROS in experimental models of disease remain a challenge. We aimed to develop a reliable and straightforward imaging procedure to interrogate the ROS overproduction in the vasculature and in various organs/tissues in atherosclerosis. To this purpose, the cell-impermeant ROS Brite™ 700 (RB700) probe that produces bright near-infrared fluorescence upon ROS oxidation was encapsulated into VCAM-1-targeted, sterically stabilized liposomes (VLp). Cultured human endothelial cells (EC) and macrophages (Mac) were used for in vitro experiments. C57BL6/J and ApoE-/- mice were randomized to receive normal or high-fat, cholesterol-rich diet for 10 or 32 weeks. The mice received a retroorbital injection with fluorescent tagged VLp incorporating RB700 (VLp-RB700). After two hours, the specific signals of the oxidized RB700 and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) (NBD-DSPE), inserted into liposome bilayers, were measured ex vivo in the mouse aorta and various organs by high-resolution fluorescent imaging. VLp-RB700 was efficiently taken up by cultured human EC and Mac, as confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorimetry. After systemic administration in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice, VLp-RB700 were efficiently concentrated at the sites of aortic lesions, as indicated by the augmented NBD fluorescence. Significant increases in oxidized RB700 signal were detected in the aorta and in the liver and kidney of atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice. RB700 encapsulation into sterically stabilized VCAM-1-sensitive Lp could be a novel strategy for the qualitative and quantitative detection of ROS in the vasculature and various organs and tissues in animal models of disease. The accurate and precise detection of ROS in experimental models of disease could ease the translation of the results to human pathologies.
The fabrication of PB(ZR,TI)O3 films on a AL/AL 2O3 structure employing a crack amendment process

Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films with lower gel concentration of 0.2 M to 0.3 M were deposited on Al/Al2O3 substrate via a sol-gel process, using lead acetate, zirconium n-propoxide and titanium isopro- poxide as raw precursors, propyl alcohol as a solvent and acetate acid as a chelating agent and catalyst. Af- ter a batch of step (drying, pre-baking), sintered at higher temperature the amorphous PZT thin films were changed to perovskite-type crystal structure. The effect of variables such as gel solutions concen- tration and heating rate on morphology were investi- gated to conduct for preparing crack-free PZT thin films. The results showed that the cracking problem is reduced by employing for lower gel concentration 0.2 M with drying at 150 o C for 5 min and pre-baking at 350 o C for 10 min and then sintering at 700 o C for 30 min with heating rate 50 o C/min. We also measured P-E hystersis loop using Sawyer-Tower circuit, the values of the remanent polarization (P r) and coercive field (Ec) are around 11.39 c/cm 2 and 84.52 KV/cm, respectively. We also reported on the preparation and performance of a SAW resonator on PZT piezoele c- tric thin films coated on Al/Al2O3 substrate. Because of existing porous nature, crack-free PZT thin films were further surveyed for satisfactory SAW and FBAR devices on broadband applic ation based on Al/Al2O3 structure.
Tumor immune infiltration estimated from gene expression profiles predicts colorectal cancer relapse

ABSTRACT A substantial fraction of patients with stage I–III colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) experience disease relapse after surgery with curative intent. However, biomarkers for predicting the likelihood of CRC relapse have not been fully explored. Therefore, we assessed the association between tumor infiltration by a broad array of innate and adaptive immune cell types and CRC relapse risk. We implemented a discovery-validation design including a discovery dataset from Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC; Tampa, FL) and three independent validation datasets: (1) GSE41258 (2) the Molecular Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer (MECC) study, and (3) GSE39582. Infiltration by 22 immune cell types was inferred from tumor gene expression data, and the association between immune infiltration by each cell type and relapse-free survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Within each of the four independent cohorts, CD4+ memory activated T cell (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90–0.96; FDR = 0.0001) infiltration was associated with longer time to disease relapse, independent of stage, microsatellite instability, and adjuvant therapy. Based on our meta-analysis across the four datasets, 10 innate and adaptive immune cell types associated with disease relapse of which 2 were internally validated using multiplex immunofluorescence. Moreover, immune cell type infiltration was a better predictors of disease relapse than Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS) and other expression-based biomarkers (Immune-AICMCC:238.1–238.9; CMS-AICMCC: 241.0). These data suggest that transcriptome-derived immune profiles are prognostic indicators of CRC relapse and quantification of both innate and adaptive immune cell types may serve as candidate biomarkers for predicting prognosis and guiding frequency and modality of disease surveillance.
Four new species of the genus Cratospila Foerster (Hymenopter, Braconidae, Alysiinae) from South Korea

Abstract The species of the genus Cratospila Foerster, 1863 (Braconidae, Alysiinae) from South Korea are revised, and the genus is recorded for the first time from South Korea. All four species are new to science, and Cratospila albiferasp. nov., C. ejuncidasp. nov., C. luteocephalasp. nov., and C. syntomasp. nov. are described and illustrated herein. In addition, COI has been sequenced of three species. A key to the Korean species is provided.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Ventilago leiocarpa Benth

Abstract Ventilago leiocarpa Benth. is an important medicinal and edible plant. The complete chloroplast genome of V. leiocarpa Benth. was assembled and annotated. In this study, the chloroplast genome of V. leiocarpa Benth. was a circular form of 161,880 bp in length. The genome presented a typical quadripartite structure consisting of a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) of 26,357 bp separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 90,056 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 19,129 bp. The genome contained a set of 127 genes, including 82 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that V. leiocarpa Benth. closely related to Rhamnus taquetii, which beyond to Rhamnaceae.
Regulatory effect of mitoQ on the mtROS-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in leptin-pretreated BEAS-2 cells

Obese asthma is a phenotype of asthma whose occurrence is gradually increasing in both adults and children. The majority of studies have demonstrated that obesity is a major risk factor for asthma and the effect of obesity on the lungs is considerable. NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been previously demonstrated to serve a role in obese asthma mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the effect of leptin on airway epithelial cells and the protective effect of the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone (mitoQ). Human normal bronchial epithelial cell lines BEAS-2 cells were used and divided into 6 groups: Control group (negative control), DMSO group (solvent control), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (positive control), LPS + mitoQ group, Leptin group and Leptin + mitoQ group. CCK8 assay was used to establish the optimal concentration and incubation time of the drugs. mitoTracker probe and mitoSOX reagent were used to detect the integrity of mitochondrial membranes and the content of mtROS. mRNA expression levels were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. It was revealed that the mitochondrial membrane was disrupted in the Leptin group, which recovered after treatment with mitoQ. As a result, the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in the Leptin group was significantly increased (P<0.01), but following treatment with mitoQ, this overproduction of mtROS was significantly decreased to normal levels (P<0.01). Furthermore, the expression levels of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 NLRP3 and caspase-1 mRNA in the leptin-pretreated BEAS-2 cells were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (P<0.01), while they were decreased following mitoQ treatment (P<0.01). Taken together, these data suggested that leptin may promote airway inflammation partially through upregulating the mtROS-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in airway epithelial cells and mitoQ may be a potential treatment for obese asthma.
Synthesis of new enantiopure dimethyl-substituted pyridino-18-crown-6 ether type macrocycles containing different substituents at position 4 of the pyridine ring for enantiomeric recognition studies

New enantiomerically pure dimethyl-substituted pyridino-18-crown-6 ether derivatives containing chloro, N-allylamino, N-allylacetamido, N-benzylamino and cyano functional groups at position 4 of the pyridine ring have been synthetized. This paper also reports the transformation of the known enantiopure parent dimethyl-substituted pyridino-18-crown-6 ether to its new N-oxide derivative and the O-methylation of the latter. These ligands are good candidates for enantiomeric recognition studies of protonated primary amines, amino acids and their derivatives.
The complete chloroplast genome of Chimonobambusa purpurea (Bambusatae)

Abstract Chimonobambusa purpurea is one of the important bamboo species in southwest of China. We studied the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of C. purpurea in this study. The cp genome of C. purpurea (GenBank accession: MW030500) was 139,574 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,171 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 12,811 bp, and a pair of inverted repeated (IR) regions of 21,796 bp. And the genome contained 133 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Based on 30 cp genomes, we used the phylogenetic analysis to build phylogenetic tree, indicating that C. purpurea is closely related to C. tumidissinoda.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Gampsocleis fletcheri (Burr, 1899)

Abstract Species of Gampsocleis have a long history as singing pets in China. The complete mitochondrial genome of Gampsocleis fletcheri (Burr, 1899) is 15,719 bp in size. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and an A + T-rich region. The base composition of G. fletcheri mitochondrial genome is A (34.7%), T (30.4%), G (12.0%), and C (22.9%), with an A + T bias (65.1%). Phylogenetic analyses based on the 13 PCGs showed that G. fletcheri was sister to G. gratiosa. The present genomic-level and male genitalia evidences support to restore the taxonomic status of G. fletcheri.