Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFICACY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTIVES OF LEAVES OF MULBERRY, MORUS ALBA (L) ON 7, 12-DIMETHYLBENZ(A) ANTHRACENE (DMBA) INDUCED BUCCAL POUCH CARCINOMA IN SYRIAN HAMSTER, MESOCRICETUSAURATUS (L)

Article History: Received 14, February, 2015 Received in revised form 23, February, 2015 Accepted 13, March, 2015 Published online 28, March, 2015 The attempt is concerned with investigation of thechemopreventive potential and antilipidperoxidative effects of ethanolic leaf extract of mulberry, Morus alba (L) (TpEt) on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)induced buccal pouch carcinoma in Syrian hamster, Mesocricetusauratus (L). Oral squamous cell carcinoma was developed in the buccal pouch of Syrian golden hamsters, by painting with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin, thrice a week, for 14 weeks. The tumor incidence, volume and burden were determined. Oral administration ofTpEt at a dose of 300 mg/kg, body weight, to DMBA (on alternate days for 14 weeks)painted animals significantly prevented the incidence, volume and burden of the tumor. TpEt showed potent antilipidperoxidative effect, as well as enhanced the antioxidant status in DMBApainted animals. TpEt has potent chemopreventive efficacy and significant antilipidperoxidative effect, in DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis. The active principle of mulberry leaf may have the abilities of induction of apoptosis, which involve disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase. With it’s bioactive compounds, mulberry, Morus alba (L) may open a new avenue in prevention and treatment of cancer.
A formaldehyde trace gas sensor based on a thermoelectrically cooled CW-DFB quantum cascade laser

We report the development of a trace gas sensor for the detection of atmospheric formaldehyde utilizing a thermoelectrically cooled distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser operating in continuous-wave mode at 5.68 μm. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy was combined with second harmonic detection and zero air based background subtraction techniques to enhance both detection sensitivity and precision to ∼2.5 ppbv for H2CO measurement with an integration time of less than 1 second and a 36 m optical path length. A novel analysis technique based on wavelet transform for noise reduction was successfully applied to improve the sensor performance, yielding sub-ppb measurement precision without reducing the fast temporal response.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ISONIAZID IN PURE AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS USING VANILLIN

Tuberculosis cases have significantly increased within the past decade, especially among AIDS patients, hence the importance of isoniazid, a first line anti‐tubercular agent. This has prompted many investigators to develope methods for the rapid determination of isoniazid in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. A method is described for the determination of isoniazid, in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the coupling of isoniazid and vanillin in an ethanolic hydrochloric acid medium and the spectrophotometric determination at the absorption maximum (405nm). A yellow coloured hydrazone was formed. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1‐12μg/ml at 405nm. The proposed method was applied in the analysis of commercially purchased brands of isoniazid tablets and showed good accuracy and precision. Excipients used in the pharmaceutical formulation showed no interference in the analysis. The method offers the advantages of rapidity, simplicity and sensitivity and low cost and can be easily applied to resource‐poor settings without the need for expensive instrumentation and reagents.
Study of synthesised ecofriendly and biodegradable esters: fire resistance and lubricating properties

Biodegradable esters have been synthesised using Polyols such as 2‐methyl‐2‐n‐propyl 1,3‐propane diol, 2,2‐di methyl 1,3‐propane diol, 1,1,1‐[tris] hydroxyl methyl propane, 1,1,1‐[tris] hydroxyl methyl ethane and carboxylic acids (C6‐C12) both pure and their mixtures with indigenous ion exchange resin (Indion‐130) catalyst. The products were characterised for their physico‐chemical properties and were evaluated for their lubrication performance. These were then compared with VG‐22 grade fire resistant hydraulic fluids (FRHFs). The products were found to have good potential for use as a base stock for formulations as FRHF of VG‐22 grade. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis Route to Regioselectively Functionalized Bifunctional Polyarene

We report the regioselective oxidative synthesis of polyaminonaphthol sulfonic acid (PANSA) particles and firstly obtained nanoparticles with molecular weight of ca 23 200 g mol−1 using a template-free polymerization process in which NaOCl was used as an oxidant in aqueous basic medium. Nanoparticles were characterized using NMR, Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cyclic voltammetry, photoluminescence (PL), dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and conductivity techniques. SEM and TEM analyses showed that the nanoparticles had a self-stabilizing structure interconnecting with micro-channels. PANSA also exhibited reversible redox behaviour due to its electroactive nature. Nanoparticles display a slight hypsochromic shift and hyperchromic effect with higher intensity in PL spectra and also emitted an intense white light in dimethylsulfoxide. In addition, the thermal stability of PANSA was investigated using TG and DSC techniques. Finally, the kinetic parameters related to the solid-state thermal decomposition of PANSA were calculated from non-isothermal methods based on multiple heating rates. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Liberalization of Trade in Peru: Analysis of the Free Trade Agreement with USA and its effect on incomes

This thesis analyzes the trade liberalization implemented in the form of FTA between Peru and USA in 2009 and its effect on the welfare of different clusters of individuals. In the ambient of economy with high income inequities it evaluates the liberalization separately for different income-level samples. The research is based on the comparison of groups of individuals occupied in sectors that were already liberalized by other market opening tools before 2009 and groups recently affected by the FTA. The analysis is than accomplished on the household survey panel data covering the period between 2007 and 2010. The findings suggest the trade liberalization positively affected not only the wealthier population but also the poor, both from the category of individuals working in sectors producing for domestic consumption. The positive effect on exportoriented producers hasn’t been approved.
Diesel Engine Simulations with Multi-Dimensional Conditional Moment Closure

First-order elliptic Conditional Moment Closure (CMC), coupled with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, has been employed to simulate combustion in a direct-injection heavy-duty diesel engine. The three-dimensional structured finite difference CMC grid has been interfaced to an unstructured finite volume CFD mesh typical of engine modelling. The implementation of a moving CMC grid to reflect the changes in the domain due to the compression and expansion phases has been achieved using an algorithm for the cell addition/removal and modelling the additional convection term due to the CMC cell movement. Special care has been taken for the boundary conditions and the wall heat transfer. An operator splitting formulation has been used to integrate the CMC equations efficiently. A CMC domain reduction of the three-dimensional problem to two- and zero-dimensions through appropriate volume integration of the CMC equation has been explored in terms of accuracy and computational time. Additional considerations have been reported concerning the initialization of the CMC domain in conserved scalar space during transient calculations where the probability density function of the mixture fraction changes drastically with time as during fuel injection. Predictions compare favourably with the experimental pressure traces for tests at full and half load. A balance of terms in the CMC equation allows conjectures on the structure of the flame and its expansion across the spray after autoignition.
Effect of Sodium Periodate in Alumina-Based Slurry on Ru CMP for Metal–Insulator–Metal Capacitor

In this study, a ruthenium (Ru) chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) slurry was developed and characterized to fabricate Ru bottom electrodes in capacitor structures. Sodium periodate (NaIO 4 ) was chosen as both the oxidant and etchant due to its strong oxidizing power. The effect of NaIO 4 on Ru etching and polishing behaviors was investigated as a function of its concentration and polishing condition. The largest removal rate of 70 nm/min was obtained in a slurry of 0.1 M NaIO 4 and 2 wt % alumina particles at pH 9 and a polishing pressure of 4 psi. Planarization and isolation of each capacitor was successfully performed with the developed Ru slurry.
Revival structures in picosecond laser-induced alignment of I2 molecules. I. Experimental results

We report experiments on the formation of wave packets consisting of coherently excited ground electronic state rotational levels of I2, using excitation with an intense nonresonant picosecond laser. As measured in a velocity-map-imaging experiment using Coulomb explosion for the determination of the angular distribution of the molecules, these wave packets display alignment of the internuclear axis along the laser polarization axis, both during the laser interaction and at well-defined time delays following the laser interaction, which correspond to rotational revival times of the molecule. The alignment is studied as a function of the intensity and the pulse duration of the pump laser, the rotational temperature of the molecular beam, the polarization geometry of the pump and probe lasers, and the fragment-ion-charge state used to probe the alignment. We observe experimentally that the alignment at revival times is maximal for intermediate pulse durations of a few picoseconds, where the laser–molecule i.
Electric Field Effects on Photochemical Dynamics in Solid Films

Electric field effects on photochemical dynamics have been examined with particular regard to photoinduced electron transfer (PIET) and excimer formation, based on the measurements of the field effects on emission spectra and emission decays. In various pairs of electron donor and acceptor and in their linked compounds, the following processes are shown to be significantly influenced by an electric field in a polymer film: the initial step of PIET, back-electron transfer which produces an fluorescent state, charge recombination, and dissociation of radical–ion pairs generated by PIET. With an oriented molecular system where vectorial interlayer PIET occurs, PIET is shown to be controlled by an electric field; the rate is depressed or enhanced by an electric field, depending on the field direction relative to the direction of the electron transfer. Electric field effects on excimer formation processes suggest that not only the level shift but also the change in orbital overlap between different chromophore.
On-line Derivatisation in Combined High-performance Liquid Chromatography-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Procedures are reported for the combined HPLC–GC and HPLC–GC–MS analysis of involatile analytes using on-line derivatisation. Derivatisation was carried out between the HPLC and the GC separation stages using two approaches; pre-mixing of the derivatisation reagent and the analytes in the HPLC effluent ahead of the GC pre-column, and independent reagent delivery after deposition of the desolvated analytes in the GC pre-column. The derivatisation of the stilbene hormones, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, sulfamethazine and 2-naphthoic acid with silylation, methylation and acetylation reagents was investigated. Derivatisation efficiencies in the range 84–100% were achieved for the stilbene hormones and acidic compounds. The HPLC–derivatisation–GC procedure was demonstrated for the determination of the stilbene hormones in processed meats with detection limits between 0.17 and 0.47 µg kg - 1 and RSDs in the range 2.3–4.9% for HPLC–GC with electron ionization quadrupole ion trap MS detection.
Utilisation of non-traditional forms of cereals in bakery production

Laknerova I. , Holasova M. , Fiedlerova V. , Rysova J., Vaculova K. , Maskova E. , Ehrenbergerova J., Winterova R. , Ouhrabkova J., Dvořacek V. , Martinek P . (2014): Utilisation of non-traditional forms of cereals in bakery production. Czech J. Food Sci., 32: 296–301. One form of common wheat with yellow coloured grain, two forms of emmer wheat, and two forms of barley with hul less grain were used for the preparation of bread with enhanced nutritional quality. The following mill products were prepared from the cereal grains: wholemeal flour, break flour, barley grits, and break bran. The contents of thiamin, niacin, pyridoxine, total polyphenols, and total dietary fiber were studied in these raw materials and bread samples. Further, in the bread samples, the antioxidant activity was assessed and sensory evaluation was performed. As a result, the utilisation of the non-traditional forms of cereals improved nutrient contents of bread while maintaining very good sensory characterising and processing quality.
Water Swollen Natural Rubber

Modification of natural rubber by grafting of maleic anhydride yielded a water absorbable substrate. It was found that water contact angles of treated samples declined as the concentrations of maleic anhydride increased reflecting higher water compatibility in grafted samples. Submergence in water of these samples caused dramatic swelling with the water content up to about 60 wt %.
DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF METHADONE AND ITS METABOLITE 2-ETHYLIDENE-1,5-DIMETHYL-3,3-DIPHENYLPYRROLIDINE (EDDP) IN URINE PAIN MANAGEMENT COMPLIANCE TESTING BY HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY

Presently urine analysis for methadone and its metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) is performed for emergency toxicology screening and pain management compliance testing (PMCT). Presented is the validation of a high-pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for methadone and EDDP in urine. Samples were simply diluted 1:1 (v:v) with 0.1 µg/mL of methadone-d3 and EDDP-d3 in methanol before analysis. The chromatographic separation was performed using a Pinnacle C18 100 × 3.2 mm, 3 µm column with a mobile phase containing water/acetonitrile (20:80 v:v) with 1% formic acid delivered at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Detection was accomplished by multiple-reaction monitoring via electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear over the investigated concentration range, 25 to 5000 ng/mL, for both methadone and EDDP. The lower limit of quantitation for each analyte was 25 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions had coefficient of variations less than 15% and the accuracy was within the range from 94% to 110%. The method proved adequate for methadone and EDDP analysis of urine for emergency clinical toxicology and PMCT.
Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Boiled Prosopis africana Seed Endosperm Macerated in Various Ethanol-water Mixtures

The processing of boiled Prosopis africana endosperm for better utilization using ethanol-water mixtures was explored. Prosopis africana seeds were boiled for 5 h to softness and the endosperm fraction separated from the kernel (cotyledon) and the hull. The endosperm was divided into five equal parts which were individually macerated in absolute (Abs) ethanol, 80, 60 and 40% ethanol in water prior to sun-drying (32±2°C, 3 days). The fifth sample, which served as control, was left untreated with ethanol. The samples were ground using a hand milling machine and analyzed for the proximate composition, water and oil absorption capacities, foaming capacity and foam stability, bulk density, emulsion activity and stability, colour preference, texture preference and overall acceptability. The results revealed that treatment of the endosperm significantly affected the moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate contents; water and oil absorption capacities, foaming capacity and foam stability; and the sensory properties. The moisture and protein contents, oil absorption capacity, foam stability, appearance, texture and overall acceptability of endosperm treated with 40% ethanol in water differed significantly (p<0.05) from that treated with absolute ethanol. There was also significant (p<0.05) differences in moisture, protein and carbohydrate contents, oil absorption capacity and foam stability of the 40% ethanol in water treated endosperm and the control. Slightly above 40% ethanol in water (50-60%) should be used to macerate Prosopis africana endosperm to reduce the cost of using absolute ethanol.
Micelle Formation by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in Water–Additive Systems

The conductances of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been determined in water in the presence of various additives, such as strong nitrogen organic bases (pyridine, 3- and 4-methylpyridines, and 2,6-dimethylpyridine), carboxylic acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric), and alcohols (methanol (MeOH), 1-butanol (BuOH), 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, and 2-methyl-2-butanol) at 25 °C. The conductances of SDS in water in the presence of pyridine and acetic acid at temperatures between 15 and 45 °C have also been measured. From the conductivity data, the critical micellar concentration (cmc), degree of counter-ion association (α), molar conductivities at infinite dilution (Λ0), limiting ionic molar conductivities (), free energy of transfer of the surfactant hydrocarbon chain from medium to the micelle (), free energy of transfer of surface contributions (), and standard enthalpies of micellisation () of SDS have been computed. It has been found that the presence of strong nitrogen organic .
Theoretical and Experimental Research of CO2 Absorption Enhancement by Carbon Nano-Tube

The enhancement characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on CO2 absorption were investigated experimentally a stirred thermostatic reactor. A comparison of CNTs with micro active carbon was made. From the experimental results, significant enhancement of CO2 absorption was obtained by both CNTs and micro active carbon, however, different change trends with stirring speed for the two solid particles was observed. With increasing stirring speed, the enhancement factor was decreased in AcC suspensions, whereas in CNT slurries it is increased. The experimental phenomena demonstrated a difference in enhancement mechanism for different size particles. For nanoparticles, besides the grazing effect, the micro-convection caused by Brownian motion should be also taken into account. The micro-convection strengthens the interaction of the concentration field around the particles and thus increases the diffusion rate of the solute. In addition, the agglomeration of the nanoparticle was also an important influencing factor. Due to the agglomeration of the particle, the enhancement factor for CNTs increases initially with increasing stirring speed. A three-dimensional microcosmic mass transfer model was developed to explain the experimental phenomena. Based on the model, the interaction of the flow field around the particles was analyzed.
Prenylindole alkaloids from Raputia praetermissa (Rutaceae) and their chemosystematic significance

The dichloromethane extract from the stems of Raputia praetermissa afforded four new compounds, 4-deoxyraputindole C (1), raputimonoindoleA-B (2, 3), and hexadecanyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-cinnamate (5), besides the alkaloids 5-(4-methoxymethylfuran-2-yl)-1H-indole (raputimonoindole C), furoquinolines maculosidine, robustine, evolitrine and dictamnine. The hexane extract yielded N-methyl-4-methoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one, skimmianine, cycloartenone, sitosterol, stigmasterol and sitostenone. The anthranilate alkaloid content indicates that the genus is strongly related to those included in Cusparieae tribe, but differs from Neoraputia by the absence of prenylindole alkaloids in the late, whose species have previously been placed in Raputia.
Atomic modeling of nitrogen neighboring effect on negative bias temperature instability of pMOSFETs

In this letter, further evidence from atomic modeling is presented to support the proposed nitrogen neighboring effect, which explains the two distinct regimes in the dependence of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation on the interfacial nitrogen concentration N/sub int/ (i.e., the dependence for N/sub int/>8 at. % is stronger than that for N/sub int/<8at. %). Our calculations clearly show that the enhancement of the NBTI degradation by nitrogen becomes stronger when the number of neighboring N atom increases with increasing the N/sub int/. In addition, the role of nitrogen in NBTI is also examined in terms of the electronegativity and atomic charge distribution. This letter clearly suggests that the N neighboring effect is detrimental to future generations of MOS devices that require higher N/sub int/ for the gate oxide.
In situ electron beam irradiation-driven formation of quantum dots

Recrystallization of amorphous materials is a very interesting phenomenon, but some transformation details are still unknown. Here, we report the formation of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) under electron beam irradiation and a series of in situ consecutive observations on the formation processes. When suffering from the irradiation inside a transmission electron microscope, the amorphous hollow nanoparticles, fabricated through treating the Zn–ZnO core–shell samples, synthesized by laser ablation in liquid with tartaric acid, were found to gradually collapse, and crystallization occurred at the same time. These two isochronous processes collectively induced the formation of the QDs. Interestingly, the size of the QDs can be controlled by the applied precursor particles and beam energy. Numerical simulations demonstrated that the thermal shear stresses greatly stimulate the deformation process, resulting in QD formation.
Simulation Study on Ammonia Removal in a Biotrickling Filter Using a Steady-state Model

A simulation study was conducted using a calibrated and validated model for ammonia removal in a cross-flow biotrickling filter. Simulation runs were performed to evaluate the relationships of some of the process and design parameters with reactor performance (i.e. gas flow rate, liquid flow rate/superficial velocity, gas and liquid inlet concentrations, empty bed