Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing interferences of DUV lithography on SOI substrates for the rapid fabrication of sub-wavelength features

Scalable fabrication of Si nanowires with a critical dimension of about 100 nm is essential to a variety of applications. Current techniques used to reach these dimensions often involve e-beam lithography or deep-UV (DUV) lithography combined with resolution enhancement techniques. In this study, we report the fabrication of <150 nm Si nanowires from SOI substrates using DUV lithography (λ = 248 nm) by adjusting the exposure dose. Irregular resist profiles generated by in-plane interference under masking patterns of width 800 nm were optimized to split the resulting features into twin Si nanowires. However, masking patterns of micrometre size or more on the same photomask does not generate split features. The resulting resist profiles are verified by optical lithography computer simulation based on Huygens−Fresnel diffraction theory. Photolithography simulation results validate that the key factors in the fabrication of subwavelength nanostructures are the air gap value and the photoresist thickness. This enables the parallel top-down fabrication of Si nanowires and nanoribbons in a single DUV lithography step as a rapid and inexpensive alternative to conventional e-beam techniques.
Suitability and Utilization Study on Waste Plastic Brick as Alternative Construction Material

Construction industry is gradually increasing through the whole of the world and it is consuming natural resource raw materials for construction materials. Traditional way of producing clay brick without giving care for natural resource brought deficiency of natural resource. Now the days, plastics waste is the big challenge of the world on Environmental impacts and Alternative using High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste Brick for construction material is preventing environmental impact of plastic and in other hand saving natural resources clay soil. High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste was collected from different sites it was thrown and before producing waste plastic Brick High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is cleaned, and the size is minimized as it was suitable for plastic waste Brick. After that Plastic waste Bricks were produced for different Tests. five sample of plastic waste Bricks were produced for compressive strength test. Mean Compressive strength of Plastic waste Brick was 24MPa which is satisfied as per Ethiopian and ASTM standard Class A and SW grade respectively and for dimensional tolerance test, ten waste plastic Brick were taken to check dimensional change. Waste plastic Brick checked for dimensional tolerance were the same with the standard dimension as per ASTM standard. Plastic Waste Brick is not recommended for kitchen, chimney and like walling Purpose due to it has low fire resistant and melted at low temperature.
Accuracy of position tracking and fabrication of thin diameter sensor

The shape reconstruction of medical surgical instruments in robotic laryngeal surgery, positioning a needle to puncture a breast tumour, shape display during intestinal endoscopy, and positioning a cardiac vascular catheter, is affected by not only the end position and the shape reconstruction accuracy but also the diameter and curvature of the sensor owing to the limited application space. A sensor with a substrate is manufactured by pasting a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) on the surface of nitinol wire. The measuring range of the substrate is improved by applying a certain preload before glue injection. The sensor has the advantages of being less prone to breakage and greater durability but has a limited bending curvature and diameter. In minimally invasive surgery, the curvature of the body cavity is complex, and the space is narrow, and thus the FBG sensor must have a smaller diameter and good bending curvature. The present paper proposes a method of filling and encapsulating a small-diameter substrate sensor. A substrate-less sensor with a diameter of 1.5 mm and sensing length of 200 mm is encapsulated by improving the packaging positioning piece, current glue injection method, and packaging process. Four FBGs with two grating points for each fibre are distributed at 90° to each other, and four measuring points are obtained by wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing. A calibration and shape reconstruction experiment is carried out for the shape sensor, while a packaging error compensation calibration method is introduced to improve the precision of shape reconstruction. Results of a two-dimensional experiment show that the shape reconstruction accuracy of the sensor on the plane bending is 2.71%. In a three-dimensional spiral experiment, the measurement accuracy of FBG shape sensor out-of-plane bending is 3.42%.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORTING: DOES WRITING STYLE MATTER?

This study offers an extension of Harjoto, Laksmana and Lee (2020) by presenting a descriptive comparison of gender differences in writing style, and how they impact the choice of words and the readability of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. We examine readability, solidarity, and certainty of CSR reports. We find that female CSR leaders use a writing style that conveys greater solidarity with their audience, thereby making a better connection with the stakeholders. These CSR reports are also more readable than those written by their male counterparts. The attributes of readability and solidarity, but not certainty, are in turn positively related to future CSR performance. In comparison, for CSR reports issued by male signers, we find a writing style that conveys greater certainty, which is in turn positively associated with the firms’ future financial performance. Overall, findings show that writing style of CSR reports is an important issue for both firms and investors to consider. JEL Classification Codes: M4, Q5, Z1.
How Imputation Can Mitigate Ascertainment Bias

Background Population genetic studies based on genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are influenced by a non-random selection of the SNPs included in the used genotyping arrays. The resulting bias relative to whole genome sequencing (WGS) data is known as SNP ascertainment bias. Correction for this bias requires detailed knowledge of the array design process which is often not available in practice. This study intends to investigate an alternative approach to mitigate ascertainment bias of a large set of genotyped individuals by using information of a small set of sequenced individuals via imputation without the need for prior knowledge on the array design. Results The strategy was first tested by simulating additional ascertainment bias with a set of 1,566 chickens from 74 populations that were genotyped for the positions of the Affymetrix Axiom™ 580k Genome-Wide Chicken Array. Imputation accuracy was shown to be consistently higher for populations used for SNP discovery during the simulated array design process. Reference sets of at least one individual per population in the study set led to a strong correction of ascertainment bias for estimates of expected and observed heterozygosity, Wrights Fixation Index and Nei’s Standard Genetic Distance. In contrast, unbalanced reference sets introduced a new bias towards the reference populations. Finally, the array genotypes were imputed to WGS by utilization of reference sets of 74 individuals (one per population) to 98 individuals (additional commercial chickens) and compared with a mixture of individually and pooled sequenced populations. The imputation reduced the slope between heterozygosity estimates of array data and WGS data from 1.94 to 1.26 when using the smaller balanced reference panel and to 1.44 when using the larger but unbalanced reference panel. This generally supported the results from simulation but was less favorable, advocating for a larger reference panel when imputing to WGS. Conclusions The results highlight the potential of using imputation for mitigation of SNP ascertainment bias but also underline the need for unbiased reference sets.
Role of Exergame Play on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Children

Background: Exergaming is an ideal vehicle for promoting regular physical activity among children who may be reluctant to participate in traditional types of exercise. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of six weeks of exergaming and traditional video gaming on body composition and cardiovascular fitness variables among overweight and obese children. Methods: Thirty-one overweight and obese children (11.40 ± 0.86 years) were recruited from three primary schools in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Participants were assigned to either an exergaming group (n = 11), traditional gaming group (n = 10) or control group (n = 10). Body composition variables (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) and cardiovascular fitness variables (resting heart rate (RHR), resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak)) were measured. A paired sample t-test was used to determine changes from baseline to post-assessment within each group. Results: No significant improvements were observed in BMI percentile among the exergaming group (P = 0.25), traditional gaming group (P = 0.06) and control group (P = 0.25). Waist-to-hip ratio significantly decreased following exergaming (P = 0.050), but not following traditional gaming (P = 0.060) and in control group (P = 0.200). Significant improvement in RHR was found in the exergaming group (P = 0.010), but none in the traditional gaming group (P = 0.280) and control group (P = 0.720). No significant improvements were noted in resting SBP following exergaming (P = 0.790), traditional video gaming (P = 0.730) and in the control group (P = 0.610). Diastolic blood pressure did not significantly improve in the exergaming group (P = 0.070), traditional video gaming group (P = 0.360) or control group (P = 0.100). Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) did not significantly improve in the exergaming group (P = 0.830), traditional gaming group (P = 0.710) or control group (P = 0.450). Conclusions: Findings indicate that six weeks of exergaming induced favorable changes in waist-to-hip ratio and RHR among overweight and obese children. Thereby demonstrating that non-traditional modes of exercise such as exergaming can be used as an alternative to traditional modes of exercise to induce somebody composition and cardiovascular changes.
Resilience Building among University Students: A Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Study

National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017 stated that 1 in 5 adolescents in Malaysia are having depression while 2 in 5 are anxious and 1 in 10 adolescents are in a stress state. This statistic is worrying as adolescents will be the future leaders of our country. Due to this increasing mental health problems, heart rate variability biofeedback technologies are used to increase resilience among university students. A person who is low in resilience is easily gets stress and a higher tendency to be depressed. Based on previous research, there were many kinds of research that have been done to quantify resilience through psychometric tools for example questionnaires and surveys. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been little research before this in investigating how efficient heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) in improving resilience, especially among university students. The waveform of the HRV able to reflect either the person has low or high resilience. This study is a multidisciplinary field that includes electronics, psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. The aim is to determine the impact of HRV in resilience building among university students through biofeedback training. 120 students from Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) are selected to participate in responding to the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). BRS is used as psychometric tools to measure the level of resilience of the students. Based on the BRS score, the subjects were divided into 3 categories of resilience which are low resilience, normal resilience, and high resilience. The research used EmWave device and software of the HeartMath Institute to collect the variations of the heart rate data. Those who have low resilience took part in the biofeedback training for 5 sessions. The intervention used in the study is the slow breathing technique (6 breaths per min). Based on the HRV power spectrum, HRV data can be divided into 3 parts which are very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF). The result obtained after completed all biofeedback training sessions shows that the use of heart rate variability biofeedback helped to increase the level of resilience of the students.
Non-Financial Environmental Responsibility Information, Information Environment, and Credit Ratings: Evidence from South Korea

The purpose of this study was to analyze which dimensions of non-financial environmental responsibility information are more reflected in credit ratings. The non-financial environmental responsibility information used in this study was environmental strategy, environmental organization, environmental management, environmental performance, and stakeholder communication. Based on 1085 companies listed on the Korean capital market from 2013 to 2018, this study reports that the more companies engage in environmental responsibility activities, the better their credit ratings are. Specifically, it found that companies with higher environmental performance and stakeholder communication activities received better credit ratings, while higher environmental management and environmental strategy scores had a relatively weak influence. This indicates that among the corporate environmental responsibilities, the more activities requiring relatively little discretion from managers are performed, the more the reputation capital that is accumulated through corporate environmental responsibility (CER) activities, which leads to higher credit ratings. These associations were found to be strengthened in an information environment where there is a higher degree of information asymmetry and the lifecycle of a firm is at a maturity stage.
Application of self-pulling and latter transection in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy.

Background Recent years have seen an increase in gastric cancer incidence. The most effective method of treating gastric cancer is still surgical resection. Over the past few decades, minimally invasive surgery has rapidly developed, reducing post-operative complications and speeding up recovery. However, the technical difficulties, especially during anastomosis, hinder the widespread use of this advanced surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of self-pulling and latter transection in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (SPLT-TLTG). Patients and Methods A retrospective study compared the outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) and SPLT-TLTG in patients with gastric cancer. Eighty patients who underwent either LATG or SPLT-TLTG between January 2016 and June 2018 were included in the study. Clinical information was used to compare patients who underwent these surgeries. Results Compared to LATG, patients who received SPLT-TLTG surgery recovered faster than those who received LATG time (operation and digestive tract reconstruction), blood loss, rehabilitation, first flatus, oral food intake, average pain score and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the SPLT-TLTG group than in the LATG group (P < 0.05). However, the two groups had no significant differences in LNs and baseline characteristics. Conclusions The findings of this study provide significant evidence in support of the use of self-pulling and the latter transection procedures in total laparoscopic gastrectomy.
The effect of different species of cyanobacteria on the rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on Alluvial West Java

Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae play an important role in rice cultivation. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Cyanobacteria are found in rice fields, some of which can fix N2 up to 30%, produce some phytohormones, vitamins, amino acids, and organic acids increase soil fertility and rice productivity. The study was conducted in Alluvials wetland rice in Jatitujuh, Majalengka Regency, West Java. This research aimed to analyze the influence of cyanobacteria in increasing rice yield and the efficiency of inorganic N fertilizers. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the cyanobacteria formula, i.e.: (1) without cyanobacteria, (2) Pseudanabaena sp. +Chlorogloea sp. , (3) Pseudanabaena sp. +Nostoc sp. , (4) Chlorogloea sp. +Nostoc sp. The second factor was the dose of N fertilizer (0%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The highest rice yield obtained by Chlorogloea sp. +Nostoc sp with 100% N, increased by 14.75%. Application of Pseudanabaena sp. + Nostoc sp. was increased rice grain yield and straw biomass by 11.47% and 37.49%, reduced N fertilizer by 25 to 50%, and increased nutrient uptake of N, P, K by 43.73%, 34.80 %, 34.40%. Using cyanobacteria is a promising strategy to increase rice yield and reduce chemical fertilizers.
An adaptive approach for vehicle suspension system control in presence of uncertainty and unknown actuator time delay

This paper presents an adaptive approach for controlling the nonlinear vehicle suspension system in the presence of unknown delay and limited disturbance. All three factors present in the quarter vehicle suspension model including uncertainty, disturbance and input delay are limited but unknown. This paper dealings a nonlinear model to describe more accurately the behaviour of the suspension and the controller design. To prove stability in the Lyapunov concept, the proposed control method is a combination of backstepping and adaptive approaches. The results of the simulation confirm better active suspension performance regardless of the unknown time delay, disturbances and uncertainty in the nonlinear model.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Interfaces in Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride Lateral Heterostructures

The in-plane heterostructures composed of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (G/BN), as the first kind of two-dimensional metal/semiconductor heterostructures of one-atom thickness, are attractive for both fundamental low-dimensional physics and nanoscale devices because of the tailorable electronic properties. The atomic structures and electronic properties of interfaces in lateral G/BN heterostructures are investigated by first-principles calculations. The symmetric armchair interfaces have a similar formation energy but a larger band gap compared with the nonsymmetric interfaces. G/BN heterostructures with zigzag-type interfaces constructed under the guide of Clar’s rule are found to possess a lower formation energy than those with abrupt interfaces and open a finite band gap. In addition to the zigzag and armchair interfaces, other misorientated interfaces with pentagon and heptagon rings are also stable with low formation energies of 4.4–6.8 eV/nm. These theoretical results are important to clarify.
Kinetic Parameters of Nut Shells Pyrolysis

The European Union created a European Green Deal Program (EGDP). This program aims at a sustainable economy through the transformation of the challenges related to climate and the environment. The main goal of EGDP is climate neutrality by 2050. The increase of alternative biomass residues utilization from various food processing industries and cooperation in the energy and waste management sector is required to meet these expectations. Nut shells are one of the lesser-known, yet promising, materials that can be used as an alternative fuel or a pre-treated product to further applications. However, from a thermal conversion point of view, it is important to know the energy properties and kinetic parameters of the considered biowaste. In this study, the energy and kinetic parameters of walnut, hazelnut, peanut, and pistachio shells were investigated. The results showed that raw nut shells are characterized by useful properties such as higher heating value (HHV) at 17.8–19.7 MJ∙kg−1 and moisture content of 4.32–9.56%. After the thermal treatment of nut shells (torrefaction, pyrolysis), the HHV significantly increased up to ca. 30 MJ∙kg−1. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) applying three different heating rates (β; 5, 10, and 20 °C∙min−1) was performed. The kinetic parameters were determined using the isothermal model-fitting method developed by Coats–Redfern. The activation energy (Ea) estimated for β = 5 °C∙min−1, was, e.g., 60.3 kJ∙mol−1∙K−1 for walnut, 59.3 kJ∙mol−1∙K−1 for hazelnut, 53.4 kJ∙mol−1∙K−1 for peanut, and 103.8 kJ∙mol−1∙K−1 for pistachio, respectively. Moreover, the increase in the Ea of nut shells was observed with increasing the β. In addition, significant differences in the kinetic parameters of the biomass residues from the same waste group were observed. Thus, characterization of specific nut shell residues is recommended for improved modeling of thermal processes and designing of bioreactors for thermal waste treatment.
Multi-task learning using GNet features and SVM classifier for signature identification

Signature biometrics is a widely accepted and used modality to verify the identity of an individual in many legal and financial organisations. A writer and language ‐ independent signature identification method that can distinguish between the genuine and forged sample irrespective of the language of the signature has been proposed. To extract the distinguishing features, a pre ‐ trained model GoogLeNet, which is fine ‐ tuned with the largest signature dataset present till date (GPDS Synthetic), has been used. The proposed method is tested over the BHSig260 (contains images from two regional languages, Bengali and Hindi) dataset. With the help of the above fine ‐ tuned model, knowledge is transferred to the publicly available datasets – BHSig260 and MCYT ‐ 75. The features extracted using the fine ‐ tuned model has been fed to the support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. With the proposed method, 96.5% and 95.7% accuracy on Bengali and Hindi datasets, and 93% on MCYT ‐ 75 with skilled forged samples have been achieved respectively.
Which conditions facilitate the effectiveness of large-group learning activities? A systematic review of research in higher education

ABSTRACT Large-group activities have increased in higher education since 2000. Research focused on the possibility to have positive effects on students’ learning, regardless of the number of students by identifying facilitating factors. Hence, the achievement of learning results is used as a criterion of effectiveness. This review summarises the findings of research studies on conditions that determine the effectiveness of large-group learning activities in higher education contexts published from 1996 to 2016. The PRISMA declaration for conducting literature reviews was followed. Articles were searched through the ERIC, Web of Science, SCOPUS, SCIELO, and EBSCO databases, including additional sources. A total of 78 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for thematic analysis. These studies came from a wide range of disciplines, types of institutions, and locations. Five themes emerged as conditions that facilitate the effectiveness of large-group learning activities: (1) student–teacher and student–student interaction, (2) implementation of active learning strategies, (3) classroom management, (4) students’ motivation and commitment, and (5) the use of online teaching resources. The discussion is centred on the conditions by which large-group activities can be effective learning strategies in terms of student’s achievement of learning outcomes.