Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Medication Experience: A Concept Analysis

This is a concept analysis of the medication experience with a focus on how it applies to the pharmaceutical care practice framework used by pharmacist practitioners. The medication experience is a vital component of pharmaceutical care practice and of patient-centered care. Although the experience of taking medication has been studied across disciplines for decades, a concept analysis of the medication experience is lacking. Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis method was utilized. Ovid Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts and Google Scholar databases, references and hand searches were used to compile an international dataset of 66 papers published from 1982 to 2020. As a result of the available literature, the medication experience is defined as one of ambivalence and vulnerability in which the patient is actively engaged in an ongoing process or negotiation, which is pragmatic to the ways in which they live and experience life, contextualized and nuanced within the social construction of their individual realities. The concept of medication experience is an important addition to the scientific literature. The definition of medication experience from the perspective of the patient will help to better explain the concept for future research and theory development to move the discipline of pharmaceutical care practice forward.
Do Consumers Trust the National Inspection Exemption Brands? Evidence from Infant Formula in China

Consumers are often uncertain about product quality and have to rely on different information, either given or pursued, to assess quality. Developing countries may lack institutional and technical resources to rigorously monitor and enforce product quality standards and/or to implement market-based instruments where market failures are common. The information-based instruments on product quality may work well in these countries as they reduce information asymmetry between firms and consumers. This study investigates one particular information-based instrument, the National Inspection Exemption (NIE) system in China. China launched the National Inspection Exemption (NIE) System in various industries in 2000 to award firms who are in compliance with the quality standards, to inform consumers of product quality, and to lessen the pressure on regulatory monitoring and enforcement of product quality standards. Once a firm is granted the NIE title by China's National Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), its products are exempted from quality inspections by all governmental agencies at different levels for three years; but it is obligated to report the product quality condition to the local AQSIQ office annually. The NIE titled firms are also allowed to include the title in the product label and to use the status in the advertisement campaign. Based on the theoretical framework, we establish the hypothesis that consumers are more willing to buy the product with the NIE title and the NIE title is likely to increase sales revenue when consumers lack of means to assess quality. The empirical application of China dairy industry supports the theoretical hypothesis. In particular, using the firm-level panel data, we find that the NIE title boots sales revenue and the impact is both statistically and economically significant based on the difference-in-difference estimate and the random-fixed effect estimations. Furthermore, using the survey data collected right after the 2008 China milk scandal regarding the brand choice of infant formula among 1,228 mothers with infants and young children, we find that consumers’ preference for the NIE title still present even the NIE titled firms are involved in a food scare event. The positive NIE preference is particularly strong among highly educated consumers and those who buy domestic brands.
An Ascophyllum nodosum-Derived Biostimulant Protects Model and Crop Plants from Oxidative Stress

Abiotic stresses, which at the molecular level leads to oxidative damage, are major determinants of crop yield loss worldwide. Therefore, considerable efforts are directed towards developing strategies for their limitation and mitigation. Here the superoxide-inducing agent paraquat (PQ) was used to generate oxidative stress in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana and the crops tomato and pepper. Pre-treatment with the biostimulant SuperFifty (SF) effectively and universally suppressed PQ-induced leaf lesions, H2O2 build up, cell destruction and photosynthesis inhibition. To further investigate the stress responses and SF-induced protection at the molecular level, we investigated the metabolites by GC-MS metabolomics. PQ induced specific metabolic changes such as accumulation of free amino acids (AA) and stress metabolites. These changes were fully prevented by the SF pre-treatment. Moreover, the metabolic changes of the specific groups were tightly correlating with their phenotypic characteristics. Overall, this study presents physiological and metabolomics data which shows that SF protects against oxidative stress in all three plant species.
Sun Protection Use at Work and Leisure by Outdoor Workers in Alberta, Canada.

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and determinants of sun protection behaviours among outdoors workers at work and leisure in Alberta, Canada. METHODS We collected outdoor workers' demographics, skin cancer risk factors, job information, and sun habits at work and leisure using self-completed questionnaires. For both settings, we compared use of specific behaviours and modelled determinants of sun protection behaviour scores. RESULTS At work, wearing a sleeved shirt (81% often/always) and hat (73%) were most prevalent, while seeking shade (12%) and applying sunscreen (36%) were least prevalent. Workers had higher sun protection scores at work than leisure. Hours spent outdoors was a strong determinant for both models. Additional leisure model predictors were eye colour, sex, skin type, and job group. CONCLUSIONS Differences in behaviours across settings were observed and should be considered when developing solar UVR exposure reduction initiatives.
Morphology, displacement, and slip rates along the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey

[1] Geological and geomorphological offsets at different scales are used to constrain the localization of deformation, total displacement, and slip rates over various timescales along the central and eastern North Anatolian Fault (NAF) in Turkey. The NAF total displacement is reevaluated using large rivers valleys (80 ± 15 km) and structural markers (Pontide Suture, 85 ± 25 km; Tosya-Vezirkopru basins, 80 ± 10 km). These suggest a Neogene slip rate of 6.5 mm/yr over 13 Myr. The river network morphology shows offsets at a range of scales (20 m to 14 km) across the main fault trace and is also used to estimate the degree to which deformation is localized. At a smaller scale the morphology associated with small rivers is offset by 200 m along the NAF. The age of these features can be correlated with the Holocene deglaciation and a slip rate of 18 ± 3.5 mm/yr is determined. This is consistent with a rate of 18 ± 5 mm/yr deduced independently from the 14C dating of stream terrace offsets. Over the short term, GPS data gives a similar rate of 22 ± 3 mm/yr. All our results tend to show that most of the deformation between the Anatolian and Eurasian lithospheric plates has been accommodated along, or very close to, the active trace of the NAF. The difference between the Neogene and the Holocene slip rate may be due to the recent establishment of the current plate geometry after the creation of the NAF.
A New Polymer Lab-on-a-Chip for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using Non-contact Infrared Thermocycles

In this work, a new polymer Lab-on-a-chip for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed and characterized using infrared (IR) based thermocycles. These new polymer PCR chips are made by Polycarbonate (PC) and Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC). Both of them are designed to have a microchannel for externally inserting a thermocouple to detect temperature during thermocycling. So, these polymer PCR chips can be controlled without using an on-chip integrated temperature sensor and heater, which allows the polymer PCR chips to be a fully disposable platform for low cost PCR chips. The infrared (IR) based heating method also has advantages from not only the noncontact heating but also the fast heating and cooling times. Although PC and COC polymers have a low thermal conductivity compared with Si and glass, the heat energy attained from infrared lamp is enough to successfully perform the thermocycles for PCR. The entire system consists of an IR heating source, an externally insertable thermocouple, a signal conditioning circuit, and Labview control system. The IR heating source is a commercial tungsten halogen lamp which operates at regulated brightness levels for controlling a constant temperature during dwell times and turned off for cooling step. Cooling is accelerated by an air microfan. The overall control of the system including signal conditioning is performed by a Labview program through GPIB cable. In order to obtain the result of PCR amplification from the developed polymer chips, the effective annealing temperature of primer sets and BSA concentration in PCR cocktails on PCR has been explored and optimized. As a result, these polymer PCR chips achieve the successful amplifications of 195 and 544 base pair of λ phase DNA. These polymer PCR chips can be immediately used for PCR amplification and also can be applied for constructing a whole system for performing consecutive biochemical processes such as DNA sampling, purification, amplification, and then analysis. With these approaches, a fully disposable polymer PCR chip with the sampling and analysis capabilities of DNA will be feasible.
Socioeconomic Status and Cancer Outcomes in the United States: Examining Geographic Dissidence in Incidence and Mortality Rates

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a measure of one’s income, education, and other factors related to one’s standing in their society and is a significant determinant in health outcomes. Persons with low SES are prone to a variety of negative health impacts and barriers to positive health such as smoking, poor diet, and lack of medical insurance. Cancer outcomes in the United States have distinct geographic trends fueled by the socioeconomic context of the region; while cancer incidence is highest in the Northeast, cancer mortality rates are highest in the South. To investigate the extent to which SES plays a role, five indicators of SES (median household income, percent of persons below the poverty line, percent of persons unemployed, percent of persons uninsured, and persons with at least a high school diploma) were analyzed through correlation analysis in conjunction with cancer incidence rates and cancer mortality rates. Two-sample t-testing was also employed to describe the significant differences between states with high incidence and states with high mortality. The results reveal that incidence is significantly associated with the amount of uninsured persons (negative) and poverty (positive); mortality is significantly associated with income (negative), poverty (positive), unemployment (positive), and education (negative); and that states with higher mortality have significantly lower income, lower educational attainment, higher rates of uninsured, and higher rates of persons in poverty.
Time reversal method with stabilizing boundary conditions for Photoacoustic tomography

We study an inverse initial source problem that models photoacoustic tomography measurements with array detectors, and introduce a method that can be viewed as a modification of the so called back and forth nudging method. We show that the method converges at an exponential rate under a natural visibility condition, with data given only on a part of the boundary of the domain of wave propagation. In this paper we consider the case of noiseless measurements.
5 Cost-effectiveness of Ovarian Reserve Testing in In Vitro Fertilization : a Markov Decision-analytic Model

Objective To compare the cost effectiveness of ovarian reserve testing in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Design: A Markov decision model based on data from the literature and original patient data. Setting Decision analytic framework. Patients Computer-simulated cohort of subfertile women aged 20 to 45 years who are eligible for IVF. Interventions [1] No treatment, [2] up to three cycles of IVF limited to women under 41 years and no ovarian reserve testing, [3] up to three cycles of IVF with dose individualization of gonadotropins according to ovarian reserve, and [4] up to three cycles of IVF with ovarian reserve testing and exclusion of expected poor responders after the first cycle, with no treatment scenario as the reference scenario. Main Outcome Measures Cumulative live birth over 1 year, total costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results The cumulative live birth was 9.0% in the no treatment scenario, 54.8% for scenario 2, 70.6% for scenario 3 and 51.9% for scenario 4. Absolute costs per woman for these scenarios were €0, €6,917, €6,678, and €5,892 for scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) for scenarios 2, 3, and 4 were €15,166, €10,837, and €13,743 per additional live birth. Sensitivity analysis showed the model to be robust over a wide range of values. Conclusions Individualization of the follicle-stimulating hormone dose according to ovarian reserve is likely to be cost effective in women who are eligible for IVF, but this effectiveness needs to be confirmed in randomized clinical trials.
Regional Governance in Divided Societies: Evidence from the Republic of Congo and Kenya

We argue that leaders employ one of two strategies to govern subnational regions. These governance strategies, in turn, condition how leaders appoint and manage the regional executives to whom they delegate authority. In the co-optation strategy, leaders advance local welfare by appointing locally embedded regional executives, who are drawn from the local population and enjoy relatively long tenures. In the suppression strategy, leaders ensure that regional executives suppress local threats to the regime by minimizing local embeddedness, which entails appointing nonnative executives and shuffling them frequently. The regional governance strategy that a leader employs, we argue, depends on the region’s ex ante level of regime support. We test the theory with original data from the Republic of Congo and Kenya, encompassing 250 regional executives across three presidents. Although incumbent governments in Congo and Kenya confront different local threats, our findings highlight how similarly they manage the trade-offs of local embeddedness.
Suicidal Ideation Profiles in Patients with Fibromyalgia Using Transdiagnostic Psychological and Fibromyalgia-Associated Variables

Several studies have emphasized the heterogeneity of fibromyalgia patients. Furthermore, fibromyalgia patients are considered a high-risk suicide group. The ideation-to-action framework proposes a set of transdiagnostic psychological factors involved in the development of suicidal ideation. The present study aims to explore the existence of different subgroups according to their vulnerability to suicidal ideation through these transdiagnostic psychological variables and a set of variables typically associated with fibromyalgia. In this cross-sectional study, 151 fibromyalgia patients were assessed through the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Defeat Scale, Entrapment Scale, Psychache Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale. A K-means cluster analysis identified two clusters, one (45.70%) according to a low vulnerability, and a second (54.30%) with a high vulnerability to suicidal ideation. These clusters showed statistically significant differences in suicidal ideation and suicide risk. However, no differences were observed in most socio-demographic variables. In conclusion, fibromyalgia patients who present a clinical condition characterized by a moderate-high degree of physical dysfunction, overall disease impact and intensity of fibromyalgia-associated symptoms, along with a high degree of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, defeat, entrapment, psychological pain and hopelessness, form a homogeneous group at high risk for suicidal ideation.
Limbic Encephalitis Brain Damage Induced by Cocal Virus in Adult Mice Is Reduced by Environmental Enrichment: Neuropathological and Behavioral Studies

We previously demonstrated, using the Piry virus model, that environmental enrichment promotes higher T-cell infiltration, fewer microglial changes, and faster central nervous system (CNS) virus clearance in adult mice. However, little is known about disease progression, behavioral changes, CNS cytokine concentration, and neuropathology in limbic encephalitis in experimental models. Using Cocal virus, we infected C57Bl6 adult mice and studied the neuroanatomical distribution of viral antigens in correlation with the microglial morphological response, measured the CNS cytokine concentration, and assessed behavioral changes. C57Bl6 adult mice were maintained in an impoverished environment (IE) or enriched environment (EE) for four months and then subjected to the open field test. Afterwards, an equal volume of normal or virus-infected brain homogenate was nasally instilled. The brains were processed to detect viral antigens and microglial morphological changes using selective immunolabeling. We demonstrated earlier significant weight loss and higher mortality in IE mice. Additionally, behavioral analysis revealed a significant influence of the environment on locomotor and exploratory activity that was associated with less neuroinvasion and a reduced microglial response. Thus, environmental enrichment was associated with a more effective immune response in a mouse model of limbic encephalitis, allowing faster viral clearance/decreased viral dissemination, reduced disease progression, and less CNS damage.
Self-compassion promotes positive adjustment for people who attribute responsibility of a romantic breakup to themselves

Abstract Attributing responsibility for a romantic breakup to the self can have dual effects on psychological adjustment, exacerbating disruptive thoughts and feelings, yet also increasing the likelihood of positive changes. Three studies (N = 441) examined whether these dual effects associated with attributing responsibility for a romantic breakup to the self are moderated by self-compassion. Supporting this assertion, trait self-compassion predicted better romantic outlook (Studies 1 & 2), and induced self-compassion predicted greater intended future romantic partner appreciation (Study 3), among people who attributed greater responsibility of a breakup to themselves. In addition, higher trait (Study 2) and induced self-compassion (Study 3) boosted self-improvement motivation with regard to future relationships among participants who attributed responsibility of a romantic breakup to themselves. These adjustment-promoting tendencies associated with self-compassion held controlling for a range of variables known to impact romantic breakup adjustment (e.g., self-esteem, attachment styles, and prior relationship characteristics). We discuss possible mechanisms for these effects and broader implications for future self-compassion research.
Testing for cointegration and causality between sectoral indices and euro exchange rate in Turkey i

In this study, the relation between the foreign exchange rate (Euro) in Turkey and 22 indices in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) as well as the direction of this relation are analyzed with econometric techniques. The study is carried out for the period between 2002:01 and 2010:01. According to the study, it is detected with Johansen cointegration test that there is a cointegration relation, in other words a long-term relation between Euro and XKMYA, XSIN, XHIZ, XILTM and XULAS indices. A Granger causality test is carried out on indices with which Euro is found to have a cointegration relation and according to this test, all indices have unidirectional causality relations with Euro and that these relations are all from respective indices to Euro. In the light of obtained findings, we can say that it is possible for financial decision makers to predict changes to happen in Euro by following the indices with which Euro is found to have long-term causality relations.
Role of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regenerative Therapy

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells which can proliferate and replace dead cells in the body. MSCs also secrete immunomodulatory molecules, creating a regenerative microenvironment that has an excellent potential for tissue regeneration. MSCs can be easily isolated and grown in vitro for various applications. For the past two decades, MSCs have been used in research, and many assays and tests have been developed proving that MSCs are an excellent cell source for therapy. This review focusses on quality control parameters required for applications of MSCs including colony formation, surface markers, differentiation potentials, and telomere length. Further, the specific mechanisms of action of MSCs under various conditions such as trans-differentiation, cell fusion, mitochondrial transfer, and secretion of extracellular vesicles are discussed. This review aims to underline the applications and benefits of MSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Semianalytic calculation of gravitational wave spectrum nonlinearly induced from primordial curvature perturbations

Whether or not the primordial gravitational wave (GW) produced during inflation is sufficiently strong to be observable, GWs are necessarily produced from the primordial curvature perturbations in the second order of perturbation. The induced GWs can be enhanced by curvature perturbations enhanced at small scales or by the presence of matter-dominated stages of the cosmological history. We analytically calculate the integral in the expression of the power spectrum of the induced GWs which is a universal part independent of the spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbations. This makes the subsequent numerical integrals significantly easy. In simple cases, we derive fully analytic formulas for the induced GW spectrum.