Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instruction trace analysis and enhanced debugging in embedded systems

In many applications microcontrollers run preemptive real-time operating systems and have to fulfill high reliability and performance requirements. Debugging and an evaluation of such systems require low-level access to the microcontroller state at every execution point. The modern MCU architectures contain special hardware modules, which generate the instruction trace and transmit it via specific physical interfaces. The execution traces provide accurate details of the program’s dynamic behavior. The trace information allows recreating the software context of the each executed instruction including instruction address, type of instruction, sometimes instruction arguments or the relevant branch target address. The collected data can be used for tracing the program control flow, verification of operating system operations or reliability metrics measurement (including code coverage or availability). The paper presents the original low-cost trace analyzing system for cortex-m microcontrollers. The author proposes a new methodology for the automatic trace collection during multiple test executions. The developed system provides several types of the program trace analysis. One of them is an anomaly detection of a firmware execution. The anomaly detection is based on a commonly known clustering algorithm with the distance metric designed by the author and the trace data preparation method. The usefulness of the system has been experimentally verified while testing an original embedded system.
Citizens’ accounts of police use of force and its implication for trust in the police

ABSTRACT Despite a wealth of literature covering police abuse of power and excessive use of force in the developed West, a major challenge in socio-legal literature is the paucity of empirical research that accurately assess the same constructs in post-colonial African society. The few existing studies have shown that the police in developing countries are more likely to abuse their powers and are largely not accountable to the public. The current study presents an important attempt to empirically assess what is known and what needs to be learned to better understand and prevent police abuse and the use of excessive force; and how the use of force variables influence trust in the police. Since there is no single, universally agreed-upon definition of police use of force, in this current study a context-specific constructs that are peculiar to police-citizen relations in Nigeria were adopted for the data analysis. The result confirmed that police abuse and the use of excessive force have negative effect on trust in the police. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Seasonality of antenatal care attendance, maternal dietary intake, and fetal growth in the VHEMBE birth cohort, South Africa

Background Seasonality of food availability, physical activity, and infections commonly occurs within rural communities in low and middle-income countries with distinct rainy seasons. To better understand the implications of these regularly occurring environmental stressors for maternal and child health, this study examined seasonal variation in nutrition and health care access of pregnant women and infants in rural South Africa. Methods We analyzed data from the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort study of 752 mother-infant pairs recruited at delivery from August 2012 to December 2013 in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, the northernmost region of South Africa. We used truncated Fourier series regression to assess seasonality of antenatal care (ANC) attendance, dietary intake, and birth size. We additionally regressed ANC attendance on daily rainfall values. Models included adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Results Maternal ANC attendance, dietary composition, and infant birth size exhibited significant seasonal variation in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Adequate frequency of ANC attendance during pregnancy (≥ 4 visits) was highest among women delivering during the gardening season and lowest during the lean (rainy) season. High rainfall during the third trimester was also negatively associated with adequate ANC attendance (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.86). Carbohydrate intake declined during the harvest season and increased during the vegetable gardening and lean seasons, while fat intake followed the opposite trend. Infant birth weight, length, and head circumference z-scores peaked following the gardening season and were lowest after the harvest season. Maternal protein intake and ANC ≤ 12 weeks did not significantly vary by season or rainfall. Conclusions Seasonal patterns were apparent in ANC utilization, dietary intake, and fetal growth in rural South Africa. Interventions to promote maternal and child health in similar settings should consider seasonal factors.
Promoting adherence to organised physical activity among socially disadvantaged older people

Abstract Group-based physical activity (PA) in community-based settings represents a promising avenue for promoting healthy ageing, however, lower levels of adherence have been found to be associated with aspects of social disadvantage. Providers are in a key position to provide important insights about strategies to improve adherence, however, few studies have examined their perspectives. In this study, 30 community service providers were interviewed, and 42 older people participated in focus groups to identify actions perceived as effective for promoting adherence to organised PA, with a focus on factors relevant to older people experiencing socio-economic disadvantage, social isolation, living with a disability or from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Data were analysed thematically. Adherence barriers included deteriorating health, lack of belonging and loss of motivation. Helpful strategies for addressing deteriorating health included maintaining programme flexibility, facilitating access to health and other services, and supporting participants to adapt to acquired limitations. Belonging can be fostered by creating positive and inclusive experiences, ensuring safe and stigma-free environments, providing opportunities to forge personal connections and demonstrating care. Motivation may be enhanced by ensuring activities are of interest and functional benefit, programme settings are suitable and appealing, and enjoyment is prioritised. In conclusion, a range of strategies is likely to be necessary to mitigate risks to adherence and support continued participation in organised PA among socially disadvantaged older people.
Developing adaptive change leaders in child welfare

ABSTRACT This is a time in the field of child welfare when extraordinary family challenges and dramatic changes in policy and funding impose intense pressure for evolution in child welfare agency policy and practice. Skilled leaders are needed to guide this evolution. Yet many managers in child welfare arrive at their positions with little or no training in leadership or management, particularly the type required for this unique and demanding sector of human services. The training that is available typically lacks a strong empirical foundation. This article presents an empirically tested intervention: a multicomponent leadership academy based on adaptive change leadership principles, offered to mid-level managers in public, private, and tribal child welfare. Authors describe the methods used for both developmental (formative) evaluation and evaluation of effectiveness. Results are positive and significant across multiple domains, showing the lasting impact of the leadership academy over time for participating child welfare managers.
PROTOCOL: Evidence and gap map protocol: Institutional responses to child maltreatment

Centre for Evidence and Implementation, London, UK Giving Evidence, Cornwall, UK School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia Centre for Evidence and Implementation, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Porticus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Social Work School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
A Strategy to Support Efficient Development and Use of Innovations in Personalized Medicine and Precision Medicine.

This analysis addresses an important policy question: "What are potentially transformative strategies and methods to define and measure value at all levels of decision making that are aligned with personalized medicine/precision medicine (PM/PrM)? " To approach this question, we build on our previous work with PM and recent work as members of ISPOR's Special Task Force on Value Assessment Frameworks. We focused on 3 key challenges: (1) the need for a broader concept of value for PM/PrM; (2) the development of appropriate concepts and methods for measuring and splitting the innovation reward for PM/PrM; and (3) the application of this expanded concept to align value assessment in the hierarchy of related decision contexts, from formulary inclusion and value-based pricing to shared patient-provider decision making. Our working assumption was that the goal of policy affecting PM/PrM technologies should be to promote "dynamic efficiency"-the optimal development, adoption, and use of these technologies. For this purpose, we laid out 6 basic cross-cutting policy principles. First, rewards for innovation should be value-based and flexible over time and across indications as new evidence emerges. Second, the concept of value should be based on the microeconomic concept of willingness to pay and should include, at its core, the value of health gain-in terms of the length and quality of life- but also going beyond this to include other uncertainty-related elements. Third, innovation rewards should be modifiable given new real-world evidence and knowledge. Fourth, the scientific information embedded in PM and PrM technologies is a global public good that should be financed globally through differential pricing. Fifth, reward systems need to recognize that the diagnostic technologies that make PM and PrM possible are technically "economic complements. " Sixth, splitting the rewards among complementary inputs is arbitrary in a static sense but matters dynamically. For PM/PrM value assessment, we argue for including the "value of knowing"; the need for indication-specific pricing; the importance of updating the economic evaluation and pricing over the product life cycle; addressing the new challenge posed by next-generation sequencing and high-cost combination therapies; and aligning value metrics across different decision contexts based on health benefit and patient-centered utility. DISCLOSURES: No previous outside funding supported this policy analysis. The authors have nothing to disclose. The authors are grateful to have received first place in the PhRMA Foundation-Personalized Medicine Coalition 2018 Value Assessment Challenge Award for this work.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy untuk Mengubah Pikiran Negatif dan Kecemasan pada Remaja

Orang tua berperan sebagai significant others dalam keluarga bagi anak. Cara orang tua memperlakukan anak dapat mempengaruhi self-esteem anak. Orang tua yang membandingkan anak dengan saudaranya dan terus menerus menyoroti kekurangan anak, akan dapat menurunkan self-esteem anak. Menginjak remaja, anak akan bertemu dengan lingkungan sosial lain selain keluarga dan mendapat banyak pengalaman yang juga mempengaruhi self-esteem anak. Remaja dengan self-esteem yang rendah akan memandang dirinya secara negatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas CBT dalam membantu subject mengubah pikiran, keyakinan, dan emosi negatifnya. Metode kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis proses intervensi pada subjek. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seorang mahasiswa, berusia 19 tahun. Meski memiliki IQ superior, fisik yang sehat, keluarga yang berkecukupan, dan nilai IPK yang tergolong baik, rendahnya self-esteem yang dimiliki membuat subjek merasa tidak berharga dan memiliki pandangan negatif tentang dirinya. Cognitive behavior therapy(CBT) dinilai menjadi pendekatan yang tepat untuk digunakan dalam rangka meningkatkan self-esteem nya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa CBT efektif mengubah pikiran, keyakinan, dan emosi negatif pada subjek. Temuan ini membuktikan efektivitas CBT dalam mengubah pikiran dan keyakinan seseorang. Teknik yang digunakan dalam CBT ini juga terbukti dapat digunakan untuk remaja dengan self-esteem rendah.
Cigarette smoke induces overexpression of active human cathepsin S in lungs from current smokers with or without COPD.

Cigarette smoking has marked effects on lung tissue, including induction of oxidative stress, inflammatory cell recruitment and a protease/anti-protease imbalance. These effects contribute to tissue remodeling and destruction resulting in loss of lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Cathepsin S (CatS) is a cysteine protease that is involved in the remodeling/degradation of connective tissue and basement membrane. Aberrant expression or activity of CatS has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular and lung diseases. However, little is known about the effect of cigarette smoking on both CatS expression and activity, as well as its role in smoking-related lung diseases. Here, we evaluated the expression and activity of human CatS in lung tissues from never-smokers and smokers with or without COPD. Despite the presence of an oxidizing environment, CatS expression and activity were significantly higher in current smokers (both non-COPD and COPD) compared to never-smokers, and correlated positively with smoking history. Moreover, we found that the exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells to cigarette smoke extract triggered the activationof P2X7 receptors, which in turns drives CatS upregulation. The present data suggest that excessive CatS expression and activity contribute, beside other proteases, to the deleterious effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary homeostasis.
Superhost Plants Alter the Structure of Plant–Galling Insect Networks in Neotropical Savannas

Host plants may harbor a variable number of galling insect species, with some species being able to harbor a high diversity of these insects, being therefore called superhost plants. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the occurrence of superhost plant species of genus Qualea (Vochysiaceae) affects the structure of plant–galling insect ecological networks in Brazilian Cerrado. We sampled a total of 1882 plants grouped in 131 species and 43 families, of which 64 species and 31 families of host plants hosted 112 galling insect species. Our results showed that occurrence of superhosts of genus Qualea increased the linkage density of plant species, number of observed interactions, and the size of plant–galling insect networks and negatively affected the network connectance (but had no effect on the residual connectance). Although the occurrence of Qualea species did not affect the plant species richness, these superhosts increased the species richness and the number of interactions of galling insects. Our study represents a step forward in relation to previous studies that investigated the effects of plant diversity on the plant–insect networks, showing that few superhost plant species alter the structure of plant–herbivore networks, even without having a significant effect on plant diversity.
Post Genome-Wide Gene–Environment Interaction Study Using Random Survival Forest: Insulin Resistance, Lifestyle Factors, and Colorectal Cancer Risk

Molecular and genetic pathways of insulin resistance (IR) connecting colorectal cancer and obesity factors in postmenopausal women remain inconclusive. We examined the IR pathways on both genetic and phenotypic perspectives at the genome-wide level. We further constructed colorectal cancer risk profiles with the most predictive IR SNPs and lifestyle factors. In our earlier genome-wide association gene–environmental interaction study, we used data from a large cohort of postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes Study and identified 58 SNPs in relation to IR phenotypes. In this study, we evaluated the identified IR SNPs and selected 34 lifestyles for their association with colorectal cancer risk in a total of 11,078 women (including 736 women with colorectal cancer) using a 2-stage multimodal random survival forest analysis. In overall and subgroup (defined via body mass index, exercise, and dietary-fat intake) analyses, we identified 2 SNPs (LINC00460 rs1725459 and MTRR rs722025) and lifetime cumulative exposure to estrogen (oral contraceptive use) and cigarette smoking as the most common and strongest predictive markers for colorectal cancer risk across the analyses. The combinations of genetic and lifestyle factors had much greater impact on colorectal cancer risk than any individual risk factors, and a possible synergism existed to increase colorectal cancer risk in a gene-behavior dose-dependent manner. Our findings may inform research on the role of IR in the etiology of colorectal cancer and contribute to more accurate prediction of colorectal cancer risk, suggesting potential intervention strategies for women with specific genotypes and lifestyles to reduce their colorectal cancer risk.
Stylistic variation on the Donald Trump Twitter account: A linguistic analysis of tweets posted between 2009 and 2018

Twitter was an integral part of Donald Trump’s communication platform during his 2016 campaign. Although its topical content has been examined by researchers and the media, we know relatively little about the style of the language used on the account or how this style changed over time. In this study, we present the first detailed description of stylistic variation on the Trump Twitter account based on a multivariate analysis of grammatical co-occurrence patterns in tweets posted between 2009 and 2018. We identify four general patterns of stylistic variation, which we interpret as representing the degree of conversational, campaigning, engaged, and advisory discourse. We then track how the use of these four styles changed over time, focusing on the period around the campaign, showing that the style of tweets shifts systematically depending on the communicative goals of Trump and his team. Based on these results, we propose a series of hypotheses about how the Trump campaign used social media during the 2016 elections.
The Business Meeting: A Cross-cultural Experiential Learning Activity

ABSTRACT This paper presents a simulation designed to help students learn about the challenges and necessary skills for conducting business in cross-cultural settings. The exercise involves assigning participants to two fictitious cultural groups, each with its own norms and expectations. Participants interact with members of the other culture in accordance with the instructions provided in order to negotiate successfully. This experiential learning activity allows students to reflect on their cross-cultural skills in a simulated business setting. An assessment of the exercise conducted in classroom setting indicated evidence of its effectiveness.
The checkpoint protein Zw10 connects CAL1-dependent CENP-A centromeric loading and mitosis duration in Drosophila cells

A defining feature of centromeres is the presence of the histone H3 variant CENP-A that replaces H3 in a subset of centromeric nucleosomes. In Drosophila cultured cells CENP-A deposition at centromeres takes place during the metaphase stage of the cell cycle and strictly depends on the presence of its specific chaperone CAL1. How CENP-A loading is restricted to mitosis is unknown. We found that overexpression of CAL1 is associated with increased CENP-A levels at centromeres and uncouples CENP-A loading from mitosis. Moreover, CENP-A levels inversely correlate with mitosis duration suggesting crosstalk of CENP-A loading with the regulatory machinery of mitosis. Mitosis length is influenced by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), and we found that CAL1 interacts with the SAC protein and RZZ complex component Zw10 and thus constitutes the anchor for the recruitment of RZZ. Therefore, CAL1 controls CENP-A incorporation at centromeres both quantitatively and temporally, connecting it to the SAC to ensure mitotic fidelity.
Generation of a Triple-Transgenic Zebrafish Line for Assessment of Developmental Neurotoxicity during Neuronal Differentiation

The developing brain is extremely sensitive to many chemicals. Exposure to neurotoxicants during development has been implicated in various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Various screening methods have been used to assess the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of chemicals, with most assays focusing on cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, neuronal differentiation, and neuronal network formation. However, assessment of toxicity during progenitor cell differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes often requires immunohistochemistry, which is a reliable but labor-intensive and time-consuming assay. Here, we report the development of a triple-transgenic zebrafish line that expresses distinct fluorescent proteins in neurons (Cerulean), astrocytes (mCherry), and oligodendrocytes (mCitrine), which can be used to detect DNT during neuronal differentiation. Using in vivo fluorescence microscopy, we could detect DNT by 6 of the 10 neurotoxicants tested after exposure to zebrafish from 12 h to 5 days’ post-fertilization. Moreover, the chemicals could be clustered into three main DNT groups based on the fluorescence pattern: (i) inhibition of neuron and oligodendrocyte differentiation and stimulation of astrocyte differentiation; (ii) inhibition of neuron and oligodendrocyte differentiation; and (iii) inhibition of neuron and astrocyte differentiation, which suggests that reporter expression reflects the toxicodynamics of the chemicals. Thus, the triple-transgenic zebrafish line developed here may be a useful tool to assess DNT during neuronal differentiation.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging indicates brain tissue alterations in patients after liver transplantation

Purpose To investigate cerebral microstructural alterations in patients treated with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) and a cross-sectional study design. Methods Cerebral qMRI was performed in 85 patients in a median 10 years after OLT compared to 31 healthy controls. Patients were treated with different dosages of CNI or with a CNI-free immunosuppression (CNI-free: n = 19; CNI-low: n = 36; CNI-standard: n = 30). T2-, T2*- and T2’- relaxation times, as well as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured in brain gray and white matter by using the regions of interest method. Results In comparison to controls, patients revealed significantly increased T2, T2*, T2’, ADC and reduced FA, predominantly in the frontal white matter, indicating microstructural brain alterations represented by increased free water (increased T2), reduced neuronal metabolism (increased T2’) and a lower degree of spatial organization of the nervous fibers (reduced FA). CNI-low and CNI-free patients showed more alterations than CNI-standard patients. Analysis of their history revealed impairment of kidney function while under standard CNI dose suggesting that these patients may be more vulnerable to toxic CNI side-effects. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the individual sensitivity to toxic side effects should be considered when choosing an appropriate immunosuppressive regimen in patients after liver transplantation.