Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activities of Iron‐Containing Enzymes in Leaves of Two Tomato Genotypes Differing in Their Resistance to Fe Chlorosis

Abstract Two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cvs. Pakmor and Target) genotypes differing in resistance to iron (Fe) deficiency were grown in nutrient solution under controlled environmental conditions over 50 days to study the relationships between severity of leaf chlorosis, total concentration of Fe, and activities of Fe‐containing enzymes in leaves. The activities of Fe‐containing enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase, and additionaly the activity of glutathione reductase, an enzyme that does not contain Fe, were measured. Plants were supplied with 2 × 10−7 M (Fe deficient) and 10−4 M (Fe sufficient) FeEDTA, respectively. Leaf chlorosis appeared more rapidly and severely in Target (Fe deficiency senstive genotype) than Pakmor (Fe deficiency resistant genotype). On day 50, Pakmor had 2‐fold more chlorophyll than Target under Fe deficiency, while at adequate supply of Fe the two genotypes were very similar in chlorophyll concentration. Despite distinct differences in development of leaf chlorosis and chlorophyll concentrations, Pakmor and Target were very similar in concentrations of total Fe under Fe deficiency. In contrast to Fe concentration, activities of Fe‐containing enzymes were closely related to the severity of leaf chlorosis. The Fe‐containing enzymes studied, especially catalase, showed a close relationship with the concentration of chlorophyll and thus differential sensitivity of tomato genotypes to Fe deficiency. Glutathione reductase did not show relationship between Fe deficiency chlorosis and enzyme activity. The results confirm that measurement of Fe‐containing enzymes in leaves is more reliable than the total concentration of Fe for characterization of Fe nutritional status of plants and for assessing genotypical differences in resistance to Fe deficiency. It appears that Fe deficiency‐resistant genotype contains more physiologically available Fe in tissues than the genotype with high sensitivity to Fe deficiency.
Phase control of absorption in large polyatomic molecules

The phenomenon of interference of the amplitude for absorption of one photon of frequency 3ω and the amplitude for absorption of three photons of frequency ω was theoretically predicted by Shapiro, Hepburn, and Brumer. The interference was demonstrated experimentally by varying the relative phase between the tripled frequency photon and three photons with the fundamental frequency by the groups of Elliott and Gordon in atoms and small molecules. In order to see how general this phenomenon is, five compounds were studied, ammonia, trimethylamine, triethylamine, cyclooctatetraene, and 1,1‐dimethylhydrazine. CH3I was used as the tripling gas for light in the range 604–600 nm. Interference was observed in all cases. The last four compounds have low ionization potentials and interference was observed between a 3+1 and a 1+1 ionization process with a maximum modulation of 22%. NH3 with a higher ionization potential requires absorption of 3+2 or 1+2 photons and exhibits a maximum modulation of 33%. We conclude t.
Equilibrium and kinetic study on the adsorption of basic dye (BY28) onto raw Ca-bentonite

AbstractThe adsorption of Basic Yellow 28 (BY28) onto bentonite in a batch system was carried out at temperatures of 20 and 40°C. The initial dye concentrations were in the range of 100 and 300 mg/L based on the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the dye solution. The effects of contact time, initial pH, and initial dye concentration on BY28 adsorption by the bentonite have been studied. BY28 removal was observed to increase until equilibrium, with increasing contact time and initial dye concentration, and the adsorption capacity of bentonite was seen to increase with increasing pH from 3 to 8. Adsorption efficiencies up to about 98.1% were obtained based on the TOC at various adsorption conditions. The adsorption process was determined to follow the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium adsorption capacities, and correlation coefficients of the adsorption kinetic models were calculated and discussed. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using .
Production of high quality carbon nanotubes for less than $1 per gram

In this article, we report on the mass production of carbon nanotubes using a continuous production system based on a rotary tube furnace. At first, we have optimized the composition of the metallic nanoparticles. Bimetallic Fe2Ni and Fe2Co alloys exhibit higher catalytic activity than pure Fe, Co or Ni. Then, catalyst production process has been modified for the preparation of large quantity of catalyst with low aggregation suitable for large scale synthesis of CNTs. A production rate of about 1.2 kg per day has been achieved. This is yielding to a cost production of less than $1 per gram. Finally, we show that the CNTs growth can also be obtained on naturally occurring calcite support for further cost reduction of the synthesis. Quality of the CNTs produced has been established by measuring their mechanical properties using AFM. Young's modulus of the CNTs can be as high as the ideal value of 1 TPa. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Semiquantitative determination of imogolite and Al-rich allophane (Si / Al ≃ 1 : 2) in some volcanic ash soils in San'in region by a combination of thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis and trimethylsilylation analysis of soil clays

Abstract A method to determine the contents of imogolite and Al-rich allophane (Sil Al ≃ 1 : 2) in volcanic ash soils was presented. The method is based on the (1) assessment of the presence of Al-rich allophane in clays by successsive extraction with dithionite-citrate and oxalate-oxalic acid, (2) trimethylsilylation of soil clay with a mixture of hexamethyldisiloxane, HCl, and isopropyl alcohol, and determination of the content of monomeric Si based on the trimethylsilyl derivative of monomeric orthosilicate anion by gas / liquid chromatography, (3) determination of the total content of imogolite and Al-rich allophane based on the content of monomeric Si from imogolite, (4) determination of the imogolite content by Thermogravimetry (TG )-Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) based on the weight loss due to endothermic dehydroxylation with maximum values at ca. 386°C, (5) calculation of the Al-rich allophane content by subtracting the imogolite content from the total content of these minerals, and (6) evaluation of the imogolite and Al-rich allophane content of soil by multiplying clay content of soil and the two mineral content of clay. The trimethylsilylation analysis was found to be reproducible, and the estimated total amounts of two minerals in clays by this method were adequately approximated to those evaluated from the amount of Si (= Sio) extracted with oxalate-oxalic acid after extraction with dithionite-citrate. The variation in the abmldance of two minerals in the soil horizons of volcanic ash soils from the San'in region indicated that this method is suitable for the profile-study of volcanic ash soils.
Environmental Correlates of Hatchling Emergence in the Red-Eared Turtle , Trachernys scripta elegans , in lllinois

Environmental Correlates of Hatchling Emergence in the Red-Eared Turtle, Trachernys scripta elegans, in lllinois JonN K. Tucxnnr tlllinois Natural History Survey, Great Rivers Field Statiort, Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Reach 26, 8450 Montclaire Avenue, Brighton, Illinois 62012 USA I F ax : 6 I 8 -466 9 6 88 ; E -mail : J o hn -K -Tlrc ke r @ u s g s. g ov ] Ansrucr. This study examined temperature and precipitation correlates of hatchling emergence from nests inthe red-eared turtle(Trachemys scriptaelegans)inwest-central lllinois. Risingdaily low temperatures were the only statistically significant environmental variable recorded during the period when naturally emerging hatchlings were caught. However, partial correlations suggested that the number of hatchlings caught increased with both increasing daily low temperatures and daily high temperatures, i.e., as the weather warmed. Most hatchlings were caught when both daily high and low temperatures were relatively high. Hatchling emergence was not directly associated with precipitation but generally occurred during periods of rising temperatures following rain events. Temperatures were also monitored in the tops and bottoms of experimental nest cavities. Emergence occurred after soil temperature gradients became warmer at the top of the nest cavity than at the bottom. Spring-time hatchling emergence in species that overwinter in the nest appears to be influenced by environmental conditions both within and outside the nest cavity.
Molecular dynamics simulation of bulk silicon under strain

In this paper, thermodynamical properties of crystalline silicon under strain are calculated using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on the Tersoff interatomic potential. The Helmholtz free energy of the silicon crystal under strain is calculated by using the ensemble method developed by Frenkel and Ladd (1984). To account for quantum corrections under strain in the classical MD simulations, we propose an approach where the quantum corrections to the internal energy and the Helmholtz free energy are obtained by using the corresponding energy deviation between the classical and quantum harmonic oscillators. We calculate the variation of thermodynamic properties with temperature and strain and compare them with results obtained by using the quasi-harmonic model in the reciprocal space.
On-line Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Iron and Steel by Flow Injection-Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A flow injection method has been developed for the determination of lead in steel samples by coupling on-line preconcentration on a lead selective resin, PbSpec^TM, with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The sample prepared as a nitric acid solution is passed through a column packed with PbSpec^TM. The lead retained on the column is then eluted with ammonium oxalate solution and introduced directly into the nebulizer of a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of lead in pure iron certified reference material [0.19 ± 0.01 ppm ( n =6); certified value: 0.2 ppm] and lead-free cutting steel certified reference material [0.0952 ± 0.0008 % ( n =3); certified value: 0.097 %]. The detection limit (3o) was 0.05 μg of lead.
Effect of synergist to breakdown the neonicotinoid resistance in cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover)

Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii is an important sucking pest on cotton and other crops. This insect has developed resistance against insecticides, and neonicotinoids have been widely used for its control for a longer period. A. gossypii has shown resistance against imidacloprid and other neonicotinoids. Synergists along with insecticides are useful to break the insecticide resistance in insects. Laboratory and field evaluation was conducted to determine the efficiency of synthetic synergists and plant products as a synergist along with neonicotinoids against A. gossypii in cotton at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. From laboratory evaluation of synergists, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and rosemary oil (RO) were the best synergist for acetamiprid, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam with synergism ratio of PBO ranged from 1.27-1.47, 1.16-5.5 and 1.54-4.66 and RO ranged from 0.90-1.04, 1.02-1.12 and 1.02-1.17, respectively. Thiamethoxam + PBO was the most effective treatment with the highest population reduction of aphids (88.22% and 100%), followed by imidacloprid + PBO with 87.17 and 99.74 per cent reduction and acetamiprid + PBO with 86.13 and 97.11 per cent reduction after first and second sprays, respectively over untreated check. Among the plant products tested, thiamethoxam + RO was found most effective after second spray in reducing aphid population with 95.39 % followed by imidacloprid + rosemary oil (91.60%) and acetamiprid + RO (89.45%). Neonicotinoid resistance, if reported, shall be managed using synthetic PBO and or the plant based RO in the field.
Empirical and Dynamic Rheological Data Correlation to Characterize Melt Characteristics of Imitation Cheese

Imitation cheese was manufactured with various levels of pre-gelatinized maize starch. Melt characteristics were assessed by an empirical melt test, based on the Olson and Price method. Using dynamic rheology, the storage modulus (G'), the loss modulus (G) and the loss angle (tan δ) were measured as a function of temperature (22-100°C). Meltability decreased with increasing levels of starch. Maximum tan 8 values and the temperature at which they occurred decreased with increasing starch levels. A high correlation (r 2 = +0.96) was found between the maximum tan δ values and meltability as assessed by the empirical method. Tan δ may be a useful indicator of imitation cheese meltability.
Measurement of sugar depletion from uncharged lamellar phases by SANS contrast variation

We applied small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) contrast variation to samples where a microphase separation occurred. The samples contain multilamellar vesicles in equilibrium with excess solvent that produce a very common powder pattern in SANS: a Debye-Sherrer ring produced by the regular bilayer packing superposed to a sharply decaying Porod behaviour. These two features of the SANS pattern have distinct contrast match points (CMP). We exploit here the small angle signal to determine the partition of sugars between two coexisting microphases. The net result is an exclusion of small sugar molecules from the liquid crystalline domains of the sample. We discuss this exclusion in relation with the observed maximum swelling, headgroup hydration and bilayer softening induced by the presence of the sugar molecules.
Large magnetic field effects in organic light emitting diodes based on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum) (Alq3)/N, N'-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N, N' diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) bilayers

Magnetic field effects (MFEs) in the luminescence and photoconductivity of organic crystals such as anthracene have been known since the 1960s. While engaged in a project to use spin polarized current to manipulate electroluminescence (EL) in organic light emitting diodes based on a bilayer of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and N,N′-Di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), we observed MFE similar to those reported in anthracene. The MFE consist of an increase in EL with increasing magnetic field of a few percent for small magnetic fields, a decrease in EL of greater than 20% at high fields and an increase in conductivity, i.e., negative magnetoresistance (MR), for all magnetic fields. The high field effect (HFE) is enhanced at lower temperatures and higher current densities and is similar to that reported for delayed luminescence in anthracene single crystals suggesting that triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) influences light emission in Alq3. Transient EL studies were performed in an a.
Melting of colloidal crystals: A Monte Carlo study

Electrostatically stabilized colloidal crystals show phase transitions into liquid and gaslike states as the ionic impurity concentration increases. Using Monte Carlo simulations we theoretically investigate the melting of four colloidal crystals (two fcc crystals and two bcc crystals) which have also been examined experimentally. We calculate the pair correlation function g(r), the total potential energy Ut, and the mean square displacement of a particle 〈u2〉 for the colloidal suspensions at various ionic impurity concentrations ni. We calculate the structure factor S(Q) by Fourier transforming g(r). We find that the parameters gmax [the maximum of the first peak in g(r)], Smax [the maximum of the first peak in S(Q)], Δr [the half width at half maximum of the first peak in g(r)], and Ut (the total potential energy) all show discontinuous behavior on melting. We relate the calculated values of Smax, gmax, and the mean square displacement at the point of melting of our colloidal crystals to that of atomic .
Volatile organic trace gases emitted from North American wildfires

Trace gases from wildfires and prescribed burns were collected from the National Science Foundation (NSF)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C‐130 aircraft at fire locations in temperate forests (Montana, Colorado) and sage scrub (California). Comprehensive compositions for hydrocarbons, partially oxidized hydrocarbons (POHC), halocarbons, alkyl nitrates, and some sulfur compounds were determined in 99 samples. All of these trace gas emission groups correlated linearly with CO emissions. Fires in temperate forests emitted ∼28% more nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and 120% more POHC than the California fire and the molecular weight range of the emitted hydrocarbons was higher. The POHC contribution relative to NMHC emissions is significant: 26 and 38% for California and temperate forests, respectively. Since the observed POHCs (mostly ketones, aldehydes, and furans) typically react faster than many NMHC and undergo cascades of photochemical degradations, they should be included in calculations of the effect that fires have on the local and global oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. The composition of the hydrocarbons and POHCs in the plumes varied with combustion efficiency, displaying a distinct pattern, which reflected fire chemistry. Interfire differences were evident among fires in temperate forests. The dominant halocarbon emissions from all fires were methyl halides. The emission ratio was always largest for methyl chloride and was dependent on vegetation and fire location. C1‐C5 alkyl nitrates were found in all fire emissions and showed little dependence on the location of the fire. The major organic sulfur compound measured was carbonyl sulfide. Minor amounts of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide were observed. Budget estimates for emissions from fires in temperate forests were made based on the measured emission ratios and published carbon monoxide estimates.
Immune-Complex Infectious Bursal Disease Virus versus Live Attenuated Vaccines to Protect SPF Chicken against Very Virulent Virus Challenge

In this study infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccinations were evaluated against very virulent IBD (vvIBDV) challenge and were compared. A total of 120-day-old white Leghorn SPF chickens were divided into 6 groups (each was 20 birds). Two groups were vaccinated on either day 1 with an immune-complex vaccine. The second groups were vaccinated at days 9 and 14 of age using intermediate and intermediate plus IBD vaccines, respectively the balance groups are controls. All vaccines were administered according to the manufacturer's instructions. The challenge was conducted on the 16 days of age using 10 EID50 /0.1 ml of a vvIBDV strain via the oculonasal route. The antibody immune response was monitored in all groups at 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. The performance, bursal gross lesions, challenge virus detection, and bursal histopathology were evaluated in vaccinated non challenged and vaccinated challenged birds at days 21 and 28 of age. All vaccinated groups were protected against the vvIBDV challenge compared to 40% mortality in the challenge control group. Both the immune-complex and live attenuated IBD vaccine groups showed similar bursa body weight (BB) ratios compared to the negative control group. The immune-complex vaccinated groups antibody titers were significantly higher except on 28th day of age. Upon challenge, the intermediate/intermediate plus vaccinated challenged group showed higher antibody titers at 21 and 35 with the challenge virus detection and quantification on day 28. The immune-complex vaccinated challenged group developed milder bursal histopathology signs but no differences between the 2 vaccine programs were seen. It can be understandable, the use of either immune-complex vaccine at day-old or early vaccination with intermediate followed by intermediate plus live attenuated IBD vaccines induced protective antibody titers and protect chickens against an early vvIBDV challenge. The suggested schedules need further evaluation in commercial broilers with maternal derived IBD antibodies to simulate field conditions.
Polyoxyethylene-coated nanospheres: effect of coating on zeta potential and phagocytosis

Polylactic acid (PLA) nanospheres coated with monomethoxypolyoxyethylene (MPOE) were prepared from amphiphilic diblock copolymers (MPOE-PLA) by an emulsion-evaporation procedure in the presence of sodium cholate as surfactant. Nanospheres with various concentrations of MPOE at their surface and various MPOE molar masses were obtained by using blends of PLA with different MPOE-PLA. The surface properties of these nanospheres were analysed, firstly by measuring the particle zeta potential and secondly by studying their phagocytosis by monocytes. It was found that the increase in MPOE concentration and molar mass provoked a disappearance of the negative charge at the surface together with a decrease in the extent of phagocytosis. It is concluded that the brush of MPOE at the particle surface masks the PLA carboxylate end-groups, lowers the PLA hydrophobic character and, above all, hampers the approach of the proteins responsible for phagocytosis.
The second generation regional acid deposition model chemical mechanism for regional air quality modeling

A state-of-the-art gas phase chemical mechanism for modeling atmospheric chemistry on a regional scale is presented. The second generation Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM2) gas phase chemical mechanism, like its predecessor RADM1, is highly nonlinear, since predicted ozone, sulfate, nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide concentrations are complicated functions of NO{sub x} and nonmethane hydrocarbon concentrations. The RADM2 chemical mechanism is an upgrade of RADM1 in that (1) three classes of higher alkanes are used instead of one, (2) a more detailed treatment of aromatic chemistry is used, (3) the two higher alkene classes now represent internal and terminal alkenes, (4) ketones and dicarbonyl species are treated as classes distinct from aldehydes, (5) isoprene is now included as an explicit species, and (6) there is a more detailed treatment of peroxy radical-peroxy radical reactions. As a result of these improvements the RADM2 mechanism simulates the concentrations of peroxyacetyl nitrate, HNO3, and H{sub 2}O{sub 2} under a wide variety of environmental conditions. Comparisons of RADM2 mechanism with the RADM1 mechanism predictions and selected environmental chamber experimental results indicate that for typical atmospheric conditions, both mechanisms reliably predict O{sub 3}, sulfate and nitric acid concentrations. The RADM2 mechanism gives lower and presumably moremore » realistic predictions of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} because of its more detailed treatment of peroxy radical-peroxy radical reactions. « less
Pengantar psikologi lintas budaya

Buku ini menyajikan jawaban komprehensif atas pertanyaan-pertanyaan elementer seperti apakah itu psikologi lintas budaya? bagaimana dampak munculnya psikologi lintas budaya terhadap kebenaran-kebenaran mainstreem? apakah pengaruh budaya terhadap perilaku manusia? topik-topik yang dibahas dalam buku ini merupakan topik-topik yang umum dibahas dalam buku-buku pengantar psikologi yang populer, tapi dalam buku ini topik-topik tersebut dikaji dari perspektif multikultiral. Ada delapan topik yang menjadi pusat kajian buku ini:persepsi, kognisi, psikologi perkembangan, bahasa dan pemerolehan bahasa, perkembangan kognitif dan intelegensi, emosi, psikologi abnormal, psikologi sosial. Sebagai fondasi dari seluruh bangunan buku ini, pada bagian awal disajikan bab khusus, mengenai perspektif kultural terhadap diri. Dalam bab ini dibagas pengaruh budaya terhadap cara kita memandang diri kita, dan berbagai konsekuensi pandangan-diri tersebut terhadap kognisi, emosi, dan motivasi.