Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Low Ocular Perfusion Pressure with Acute Non-Arterial Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Objective: To investigate the relationship between low ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) with acute non-arterial anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (ANAION). Methods: Forty- six patients (46 eyes) with ANAION from July 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The 24-h intraocualr pressure (IOP) in sitting position was measured by non-contact tonometer. The brachial artery systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were simultaneously measured by electrocardiogram monitor. The 24-h OPP was calculated according to the measured blood pressure and intraocular pressure: OPP= 45% DBP-IOP. OPP< 10mmHg was defined as low OPP. Sudden visual acuity declining or visual field defect was recorded as the attack of ANAION. 24h was divided into four periods: period A (1-6 A.M), period B (6-12 A.M), period C (12-18 P.M) and period D (18-24 P.M). The correlation between low OPP and ANAION was analyzed. Statistical method was used by Person correlation analysis.Results: There was a statistical difference in the low OPP in the four periods (P< 0.05). The most common period of low OPP was period A (1-6 A.M), with the incidence of low OPP as high as 58.3%. There was a statistical difference in the incidence of ANAION in the four periods (P< 0.05). Most common time period of ANAION was also period A (1-6 A.M), with the incidence rate as high as 46.3%. Person correlation analysis showed that the period of low OPP was associated with the period of ANAION onset (r=0.934, P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant clinical correlation between low OPP and ANAION. Period A (1-6 A.M) was the high-risk period for low OPP and ANAION. The occurrence of ANAION can be reduced by elevating the OPP to improve the blood perfusion of the anterior optic nerve.
A dual-gate FET subharmonic injection-locked self-oscillating active integrated antenna for RF transmission

A planar subharmonic injection-locked GaAs dual-gate MESFET (DGMESFET) self-oscillating active integrated antenna (AIA) is presented for RF transmission. The oscillation is obtained with one gate of the DGMESFET at 2.052 GHz, and the stabilization of the oscillation is achieved by injecting a small subharmonic low-noise signal into the other gate of the DGMESFET. Phase noise was measured to be -98 dBc/Hz at the 10 KHz offset. The structure was shown to have the potential in performing triple functions of radiation, low noise oscillation and mixing (or modulation), a capability required for low cost wireless systems such as RFID tags and indoor positioning systems.
Nonlinear flow control strategies for connection-oriented communication networks

The problem of flow control in fast connection-oriented communication networks supporting traffic generated by multiple sources is addressed. The network is modelled as a dynamic system with different delay times. A nonlinear strategy governing the behaviour of the sources is proposed. The strategy combines Smith's principle with a conventional relay controller. It ensures full bottleneck link utilisation and no cell loss in the controlled network, even if the round-trip times of the connections contributing to the bottleneck link queue are not known exactly, but can only be estimated within a certain level of accuracy. Furthermore, a modified 'strategy with extra feed-forward compensation is proposed. This strategy also guarantees no cell loss and full bottleneck link utilisation. Moreover, it helps to achieve a favourable quality of service in the controlled network.
Advanced Transmission and Oil System Concepts for Modern Aero-Engines

For better efficiency of modern gas turbine aero-engines, higher compressor pressure ratios, operating temperatures and shaft speeds are proposed which lead to increased demands also on transmission and oil system components. As a response to these demands, the European research project “Advanced Transmission and Oil System Concepts” (ATOS) was established to develop innovative transmission and oil system concepts in commercial gas turbines. The present paper, written by the project co-ordinator, discusses the design trends and objectives of recent research work. Furthermore, the main results of experimental and theoretical work on hybrid (ceramic) bearings, two-phase flow visualization and heat generation in bearing chambers, auto ignition temperature of oils for oil fire prevention, air/oil separation, novel electrically driven oil pumps, shaft buckling as well as dual-alloy shaft technology are presented. Special emphasis will be on two-phase flow aspects related to bearing chambers in aero engines.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
A single-stage quasi-resonant flyback converter using a synchronous rectifier

A single-stage quasi-resonant flyback converter using the synchronous rectifier (SR) is proposed for improving power factor and system efficiency. This converter operates at the critical conduction mode with the variable frequency (VF) control to reduce the switching loss of the primary switch. The bulk capacitor voltage can be independent of the output load and kept within a practical range for the universal line input. Therefore, the problem of high-voltage stress across the bulk capacitor is reduced. The proposed converter features relatively low bulk capacitor voltage in the universal line voltage and also complies with the Standard IEC 61000-3-2 Class D limits. Moreover, since it uses the voltage-driven SR, it achieves a high efficiency. The operational principle and theoretical analysis are presented. Experimental results for a 100 W (19 V/5.3 A) adapter at the VF were obtained to show the performance of the proposed converter.
Enhancement of Film Cooling Performance at the Leading Edge of Turbine Blade

To enhance the film cooling performance in the vicinity of the turbine blade leading edge, the flow characteristics of the film-cooled turbine blade have been investigated using a cylindrical body model. The inclination of the cooling holes is along the radius of the cylindrical wall and 20 deg relative to the spanwise direction. Mainstream Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter was 1.01×105 and 0.69×105 , and the mainstream turbulence intensities were about 0.2% in both Reynolds numbers. CO2 was used as coolant to simulate the effect of density ratio of coolant-to-mainstream. Furthermore, the effect of coolant flow rates was studied for various blowing ratios of 0.4, 0.7, 1.1, and 1.4, respectively. In experiment, spatially-resolved temperature distributions along the cylindrical body surface were visualized using infrared thermography (IRT) in conjunction with thermocouples, digital image processing, and in situ calibration procedures. This comparison shows the results generated to be reasonable and physically meaningful. The film cooling effectiveness of current measurement (0.29 mm × 0.33 min per pixel) presents high spatial and temperature resolutions compared to other studies. Results show that the blowing ratio has a strong effect on film cooling effectiveness and the coolant trajectory is sensitive to the blowing ratio. The local spanwise-averaged effectiveness can be improved by locating the first-row holes near the second-row holes.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Higher-speed demodulation of fiber grating sensors

For very high-speed events, such as ballistics testing, strain measurement speed is not limited by the response of the fiber grating sensor, but rather the demodulation system used. This paper focuses on a current 10 kHz fiber grating demodulator used to support impact and ballistics testing of a composite panel. It also explores the next generation demodulator, pushing the emits of speed upwards of 3 Mhz.
Organic nonvolatile memory devices fabricated by using an inkjet printing method

We are developing inkjet printing as a low cost, high throughput approach to the fabrication of single-layer organic memory devices. The organic memory devices were composed of a poly (Nvinylcarbazole) (PVK) film with Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The inkjet printing was introduced to embed Ag NPs in the PVK film. The organic memory devices exhibited the behavior of a resistive random access memory and on/off switching ratios of 103. This value was obtained through postannealing at 150 °C. The current-voltage characteristics of the devices revealed rewritable and bipolar memory effects during several sweeps of the voltage.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A FAST AND SENSITIVE UHPLC-PDA METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF URSOLIC ACID IN POLY(L-LACTIC ACID) NANOCAPSULES

Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop and validation of a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method to determine the ursolic acid content and its encapsulation efficiency (EE) in lipid-core nanocapsules prepared from poly (L-lactic acid). Methods: A simple UHPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of ursolic acid in poly(L-lactic acid) nanocapsules. The chromatographic conditions used were: RP-C18 column, isocratic mobile phase containing acetonitrile:water (92:8, v/v), flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, column temperature of 50°C, and detection at 203 nm. The following parameters were evaluated: Specificity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy, and robustness. Results: The method was specific to the ursolic acid and linear (r=0.9998) in the range of 10–100 μg/ml. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.35 and 4.10 μg/ml, respectively. The precision was demonstrated by a relative standard deviation less than 2%. Adequate accuracy (98.35%±0.82) was obtained. Changes in flow rate, mobile phase, and column temperature did not significantly alter the peak area and the retention time of the ursolic acid. The mean EE was 99.89%. Conclusion: The method proved to be fast, sensitive, and simple for quantifying ursolic acid in nanocapsules and was successfully used for determining the EE.
Urban traffic signal control using reinforcement learning agents

This study presents a distributed multi-agent-based traffic signal control for optimising green timing in an urban arterial road network to reduce the total travel time and delay experienced by vehicles. The proposed multi-agent architecture uses traffic data collected by sensors at each intersection, stored historical traffic patterns and data communicated from agents in adjacent intersections to compute green time for a phase. The parameters like weights, threshold values used in computing the green time is fine tuned by online reinforcement learning with an objective to reduce overall delay. PARAMICS software was used as a platform to simulate 29 signalised intersection at Central Business District of Singapore and test the performance of proposed multi-agent traffic signal control for different traffic scenarios. The proposed multi-agent reinforcement learning (RLA) signal control showed significant improvement in mean time delay and speed in comparison to other traffic control system like hierarchical multi-agent system (HMS), cooperative ensemble (CE) and actuated control.
CroMM-VSR: Cross-Modal Memory Augmented Visual Speech Recognition

Visual Speech Recognition (VSR) is a task that recognizes speech from external appearances of the face (${\it i}.{\it e}.$, lips) into text. Since the information from the visual lip movements is not sufficient to fully represent the speech, VSR is considered as one of the challenging problems. One possible way to resolve this problem is additionally utilizing audio which contains rich information for speech recognition. However, the audio information could not be always available such as in crowded situations. Thus, it is necessary to find a way that successfully provides enough information for speech recognition with visual inputs only. In this paper, we alleviate the information insufficiency of visual lip movement by proposing a cross-modal memory augmented VSR with Visual-Audio Memory (VAM). The proposed framework tries to utilize the complementary information of audio even when the audio inputs are not provided at the inference time. Concretely, the proposed VAM learns to imprint audio features of short clip-level into a memory network using the corresponding visual features. To this end, the VAM contains two memories, lip-video key and audio value. We guide the audio value memory to imprint the audio feature and the lip-video key memory to memorize the location of the imprinted audio. By doing this, the VAM can exploit rich audio information by accessing the memory using visual inputs only. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on both word- and sentence-level VSR. In addition, we verify the learned representations inside the VAM contain meaningful information for VSR.
RECURSIVE PREDICTION OF TRAFFIC CONDITIONS WITH NEURAL NETWORK MODELS

This paper presents a recursive traffic flow prediction algorithm using artificial neural networks. The system prediction model is specified based on the understanding of how disturbances in traffic flow are propagated, and the order of the model is determined by correlation analysis. The parameters of the model, on the other hand, can be obtained through nonlinear optimization. Preliminary studies show that this approach can yield reasonably accurate results.
PLANT IDENTIFICATION USING COLOR CO-OCCURRENCE MATRICES

ABSTRACT A method of identifying plants based on color texture characterization of canopy sections was developed. Color co-occurrence matrices were derived from image matrices, one for each color attribute: intensity, saturation, and hue. Eleven texture features were calculated from each of the co-occurrence matrices. The 33 total color texture features were used in a discriminant analysis model to identify plants. Overall classification accuracy of 91% was achieved when this method was used to identify seven common cultivars of nursery stock. A total of 350 observations were used in the investigation. This method exhibited a significant improvement over previous methods which used intensity data only.
Empirical charts for estimation of minimum response time (T min) in free face blasting

In drilling and blasting, it is widely accepted that the optimisation of delay timing (interhole and inter-row) can have a positive impact on fragmentation, muckpile characteristics, damage control and ground vibrations. In surface (free face) blasting in particular, minimum response time, also referred to as burden movement time T min has shown to be a useful engineering index to help with the selection of optimal interhole and inter-row delays. Minimum response time is defined as the time between explosive detonation and rock mass movement. It is hypothesised that in order to improve breakage through the cooperation of adjacent explosive charges, delay intervals should be less than the expected minimum response time; conversely, in order to provide adequate relief between rows of holes and thus reduce confinement, delay intervals should exceed the expected minimum response time. This paper presents an empirical approach to estimate T min values for different blasting conditions. The proposed model is explained and empirical charts developed with the view to provide a practical tool for first pass calculations.
Concepts for improved fuel economy from gasoline engines

Abstract The paper reviews various technologies for fuel economy improvement in gasoline engines and discusses how they interact. Advanced valve train systems, gasoline direct-injection systems, and gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition mechanisms are considered, together with further technologies which facilitate engine downsizing. Approaches to powertrain hybridization are outlined and a pneumatic system is described which can be used at vehicle launch. Finally, combined technologies are suggested which map the evolution towards meeting future legislative requirements for CO2 emissions.
Practical implementation of personal audio in a mobile device

The widespread use of loudspeakers on mobile devices to reproduce audio in public spaces has led to issues of both user privacy and noise nuisance. Previous work has investigated the use of acoustic contrast control to optimize the performance of small arrays of loudspeakers to create a zone within which the audio program is audible, while minimizing the level reproduced elsewhere. These investigations have generally assumed that the dimensions of both the device within which the array is mounted and the loudspeaker drivers themselves are negligible, so that the array can be modeled as monopoles in the free field. Although this is reasonable at low frequencies the effect of both finite-sized baffle and sources on the optimized array performance is significant at higher frequencies. The effects of finite-sized baffle and sources are investigated for a two-source loudspeaker array mounted on a mobile phone-sized device through both finite element simulations and real-time implementation. The baffle is shown to reduce the performance of the array at frequencies greater than around 1 kHz for the geometry considered here, but the directivity of the individual drivers then enhances the performance at higher frequencies. The effects of implementing the optimal filters in the time-domain for a real-time system are also investigated.
Overview of Dujiangyan Irrigation Scheme of ancient China with current theory

The Dujiangyan Irrigation Scheme is located in the middle reach of the Mingjiang River in Sichuan Province. It was initiated by Li Bing, the governor of Shu Prefecture, in the Qin Dynasty in 256 BC. It is a great scheme with a long history of 2260 years in ancient China, and has been very well operated until today.
DMTRADE: A Rolls-Royce Tool to Model the Impact of Design Changes and Maintenance Strategies on Lifetime Reliability and Maintenance Cost

For complex repairable products, the lifetime reliability and maintenance cost attributes are a complex function of the component reliability distributions and the selected maintenance strategy. Understanding and accommodating this complexity is key when some components exhibit wearout, others fail randomly, and still others exhibit infant mortality. Further complications arise when some failure modes are more costly to repair than others, thereby having a disproportionate impact on lifetime maintenance cost. To fully consider these complexities, Rolls-Royce has developed DMTrade, a Monte Carlo simulation tool that simulates a product through its lifetime of failures, repairs, and scheduled maintenance. This paper defines the methodology used by DMTrade, and illustrates how this methodology can be used to identify the highest value improvement opportunities, both for product design and maintenance strategy.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Remote sensing of atmospheric wind profiles using spatio-temporal intensity information and wavefront sensor information

Wind profiling systems are critical for next generation, free space laser communication systems and laser designation systems, which are required to operate in the presence of severe atmospheric turbulence. The precision of the received laser beam depends greatly on the accuracy of estimation of the transversal wind along the laser beam propagation path. Two types of wind profiling techniques are investigated here. One technique is based on the reconstruction of wind velocity information from spatio-temporal intensity scintillation data measured at the optical receiver telescope. For the case of multiple phase-distorting layers located at different distances, the observed intensity scintillation pattern contains intensity spots of different spatial scales. The determination of the wind velocity for each spatial scale allows reconstruction of the wind profile along the entire propagation path. The second technique is based on simultaneous real-time characterization of the transversal wind velocity along the propagation path from the output image streams of a differential nonlinear Zernike wavefront sensor. This sensor consists of an optically addressed spatial light modulator that enables high-speed, high-resolution visualization of wind flow at each distant phase-distorting layer along the propagation path. Both preliminary experimental results and numerical simulation results are shown to validate the performance of the two types of techniques.
Beyond the qualitative–quantitative distinction: Some innovative methods for business and management research

Abstract Focusing upon a number of increasingly popular approaches to mixed methods research, this paper provides a brief overview of fully integrated research methods that transcend the quantitative–qualitative divide. Introducing a range of sophisticated mixed method designs that have been successfully applied in business and management research, it provides insight into the potential benefits of mixed methods. In addressing integrated mixed methods, and applications in business and management research, the discussion signposts how these methods allow for qualitative analysis that is systematic, formal, rigorous and procedurally replicable. Further, it identifies how integrated mixed methods can make it possible to achieve intensity and richness associated with qualitative research when dealing with more than a handful of cases. As such, the paper has particular relevance to qualitative researchers with an interest in exploring innovative and productive mixed methods.
System-level design tools

A much publicised ‘rule of thumb’ is that errors which are transferred from one design phase to the next increase detection costs by a factor of 10. Thus a fault at the initial design phase may have cost £500 to detect, but let this reach, say, the gate array and it will cost £5,000, the printed circuit board and it will cost £50,000, and so on. Recognition of this fact, together with increasing complexity of designs, has resulted in a generation of stochastic architectural simulation tools. Typically these are used by system designers who are provided with precise analytical data enabling them to make design decisions based upon fact rather than intuition. The ever increasing demand of quality and time to market pressures will, the author anticipates, increase the interest in the availability of such products.
Short-circuit equivalence between rectangular waveguides of regular sidewalls (rectangular waveguide) and sidewalls of cylinders (substrate-integrated rectangular waveguides), plus its extension to cavity

Substrate-integrated rectangular waveguide (SIW) is a rectangular waveguide (RW) with two sidewalls of cylinders (vias) instead of solid walls connecting the solid wall of the top and bottom plates. An equivalence formula between their widths has been derived based on the work by Che et al., 2005 [2005 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Suzhou, China, December 4-7, 2005, pp. 296-299]. The authors have derived the equivalence formula between the locations of the corresponding short circuits by cylinder walls and by the solid wall. An extension of latter is the equivalence between resonance cavities of SIW and RW. Such equivalences are convenient for the design of small waveguides, of millimeter wave, in a multilayer circuit structure, such as the low-temperature co-fired ceramic. Some numerical simulations and experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approaches