Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying recombination pathways in perovskite solar cells by simulating temperature-dependent light ideality factor

This decade witnessed rapid progress in the development of organic–inorganic hybrid lead-halide perovskite-based solar cells. In particular, this class of solar cells showed high-power conversion efficiency and significant potentiality to realize a low-cost terawatt-scale power generation. This is mainly due to its high optical absorption coefficient with sharp absorption onset, long charge-carrier lifetime, tunable bandgap, and low-cost fabrication. However, despite advancement in the device performance, the underlying physics of charge-carrier dynamics needs important attention to develop insight into the performance bottlenecks and thereby better control and optimization over the device performances. Among the performance bottlenecks, the charge-carrier recombination is considered to be one of the dominant mechanisms that limit solar cell behavior. Therefore, in this work, the underlying interest is to identify recombination mechanisms by simulating the temperature-dependent light ideality factor. We consider a standard sandwich device structure with CH3NH3PbI3 as an active layer. The Spiro and TiO2 are taken as a hole- and electron-transporting layers, respectively. We utilized a one-dimensional drift–diffusion equation to simulate temporal open-circuit voltage VOC (t) with varying light intensity, Φ, between 0.2 and 2.0 Sun equivalent and device temperature, T between 100 and 300 K. The temporal light ideality factor, nid,l (t) is determined by evaluating the slope of the plots between VOC (t) vs ln(Φ). The plot of temperature-dependent light ideality factor shows a fast rise in its value between the temperatures 100 to 150 K and tends slowly toward 2.0 as temperature increases. The observations clearly indicate that the recombination of charge-carriers is predominantly due to trap states, interfacial, or bulk, activated at higher temperatures. Further, the activation energy EA ~ 1 eV is obtained from the VOC vs T plot by extrapolating to T = 0. The value of EA matches with the interfacial energy gap between the perovskite and the electron- and hole-transporting layers corroborating the dominance of interfacial recombination. Thus, the work carried out shed light on the recombination mechanisms in such a class of solar cells and their alternative variants.
Effects of Theracurmin® consumption on liver function, fatigue, and sleep: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, parallel-comparison study

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the eight-week consumption of Theracurmin® on liver function, fatigue, and sleep. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-comparison study involving 68 healthy Japanese adults. Subjects were allocated into either the active (Theracurmin®) or placebo group ( n = 34 each) using a random number generator. Subjects consumed two capsules per day of either the active or placebo food for eight weeks. The primary outcome was the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at eight weeks, whereas the secondary outcomes were the biomarkers of liver function, comparison of the percentages of improvement in liver function based on the decision criteria, OSA sleep inventory MA version (OSA-MA), and visual analog scale of fatigue. Results: Each group included 33 subjects in the full analysis set. ALT levels in the per protocol set analysis, except for subjects drinking quantities of alcohol that increase the risk of lifestyle-related disease onset, showed a significant decrease in ALT compared to the placebo group ( P < 0.05). The subjective symptom in the fatigue recovery factor of OSA-MA was significantly improved through the intervention ( P < 0.05). The fatigue recovery effect of Theracurmin® was prominent in the subjects aged ≤ 45 years, the age group defined by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare as middle-aged and older persons in the Act on Stabilization of Employment of Elderly. No adverse event was observed. Conclusions: These results suggest that the consumption of Theracurmin® or eight weeks improved liver function and fatigue recovery at awakening in healthy Japanese adults. Trial registration: UMIN-CTR: UMIN000039319. Foundation: Theravalues Corporation Keywords: highly bioavailable curcumin, liver function, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), OSA sleep inventory MA version, fatigue recovery
Occurrence of structural aluminum (Al) in marine diatom biological silica: Visible evidence from microscopic analysis

Abstract. The global marine biogeochemical cycle of aluminum (Al) is believed to be driven by marine diatoms, due to the uptake of dissolved Al (DAl) by living diatoms from surface seawater. The occurrence of Al in diatom biogenic silica (BSi) can inhibit the dissolution of BSi, thus benefiting the effects of the ballast role of diatoms in the biological pump and forming a coupled Si-Al biogeochemical cycle. However, the occurrence mechanism of Al in marine diatoms is still unclear. In particular, whether or not Al is incorporated into the structure of BSi of living diatoms is unrevealed, resulting in difficulties in understanding the biogeochemical behaviors of Al. In this study, Thalassiosira weissflogii, a widely distributed marine diatom in marginal seas, was selected as the model to evaluate the occurrence of structural Al in BSi based on culturing experiments with the addition of DAl. The structural Al in BSi was detected by combining focused ion beam (FIB) scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping analysis. Direct evidence of structural Al in living BSi was obtained for the first time. The distribution and content of this Al were revealed by the EDS-mapping analysis. The structural Al in the BSi exhibited a homogeneous distribution, and the average Al / Si atomic ratio obtained through the FIB-EDS mapping analysis was 0.011. The effects of structural Al on BSi dissolution-inhibition are discussed based on the content of this Al. The fundamental results indicate the significant contribution of marine diatoms to the biogeochemical migration of marine Al.
Alternative Exhaust Emission Factors from Vehicles in On-Road Driving Tests

On-road driving tests are performed to determine the emission of harmful exhaust compounds from vehicles. These primarily include carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particle number. However, there is a lack of indicators that combine the first three substances that are the most important in assessing the environmental aspects of vehicles. The purpose of this article is to indicate the possibility of assessing emissions in real driving conditions from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles of different categories. In order to do so, a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) and an instrument for measuring the particle number were used. The tests were carried out on routes designed to comply with the requirements and regulations laid down in the European Union legislation. On-road emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particle number have been determined. Factors have been determined as the multiplication of these compounds for each vehicle category in three phases of the test: urban, rural, and motorway. A new way of assessing emissions from vehicles using new factors has been proposed.
How Industry 4.0 technologies and open innovation can improve green innovation performance?

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on green innovation performance. In this relationship, the mediating role of green innovation behavior is also studied. Moreover, open innovation is tested as a mediator between Industry 4.0 technologies and green innovation behavior.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research method is adopted in which a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 217 manufacturing firms of Malaysia. After collecting data, the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique is applied to analyze data and test the hypothesis of study.FindingsIt is found that Industry 4.0 positively impacts open innovation which leads to green innovation behavior. Also, the former lays positive impact on green innovation behavior which leads to improve green innovation performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors conclude that Industry 4.0 technologies can play an important role to improve green innovation performance of Malaysian manufacturing firms by managing open innovation for green innovation behavior which further improves the green innovation performance. In this context, it is recommended that strategists and policymakers should undertake the role of open innovation and Industry 4.0 technologies to promote environment-friendly innovations and to promote the green behavior in companies. The authors suggest hereby that firms should be given incentives to adopt and utilize Industry 4.0 technologies and collaborative innovation interactions – as they foster a climate for sustainable green innovations (which is also a key component to achieve competitive advantage) and a growing concern nowadays.Practical implicationsFirst of all the research contributes to achieving the broader of United Nations to promote sustainable innovation through green innovations. Moreover, the companies can also incorporate the findings and insights of this study while devising their policies to foster green innovations.Originality/valueThis research has done the novel contribution by bridging the gap between open innovation approach and sustainability fields while promoting green innovations in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). These two research fields are rarely studied in previous studies by focusing open innovation particularly. Hence, the authors suggest researchers to undertake these fields to further enhance the level of scholarship between innovation management and sustainability. Also, the authors recommend considering technological orientation and technological absorptive capacity of firms to improve green innovations. The current study has investigated the SMEs perspective in general irrespective to their sectoral differences, thus, for future researchers the authors suggest investigating the sector-wise comparison, i.e. electrical and electronics sector, chemical sector, etc.; or service and manufacturing sector differences.
High-k Oxide Field-Plated Vertical (001) β-Ga2O3 Schottky Barrier Diode With Baliga’s Figure of Merit Over 1 GW/cm2

We report a vertical (001) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> field-plated (FP) Schottky barrier diode (SBD) with a novel extreme permittivity dielectric field oxide. A thin drift layer of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.7~\mu {m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was used to enable a punch-through (PT) field profile and very low differential specific on-resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{R}_{\text {on-sp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 0.32 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-cm<sup>2</sup>. The extreme permittivity field plate oxide facilitated the lateral spread of the electric field profile beyond the field plate edge and enabled a breakdown voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\textit {br}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 687 V. The edge termination efficiency increases from 13.2% for non-field plated structure to 61% for high permittivity field plate structure. The surface breakdown electric field was extracted to be 5.45 MV/cm at the center of the anode region using TCAD simulations. The high permittivity field plated SBD demonstrated a record high Baliga’s figure of merit (BFOM) of 1.47 GW/cm<sup>2</sup> showing the potential of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> power devices for multi-kilovolt class applications.
Democracy in schools: qualitative analysis of pupils’ experiences of democracy in the context of the Norwegian school

ABSTRACT A limited number of empirical studies have explored pupils’ democratic practice and the direct experiences of school children using a qualitative approach. The aim of the present study has been to analyse pupils’ experiences of the practice of democratic rights in the context of the Norwegian school. The study adopts a qualitative methodology, using semi-structured interviews with pupils. Three prominent school arenas were focused on: the mandatory pupil-teacher dialogue, the pupil council and classroom discussions. Three main markers of democracy have been used in the data analysis: contextual openness, participation and the ability to engage in democratic discussions. The findings reveal that all three markers of democracy, although variously distributed, were visible in these school arenas. The findings in the study are discussed in terms of implications for the development of pupils’ future democratic competencies and the educational mandate schools have in preparing young people for adult participation in society.
Parametric Design and Optimization of the Profile of Autonomous Underwater Helicopter Based on NURBS

Autonomous Underwater Helicopter (AUH) is a disk-shaped Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), and it has comparative advantage of near-bottom hovering and whole-direction turn-around ability over the traditional slender AUV. An optimization design of its irregular geometric profile is essential to improve its hydrodynamic performance. A parametric representation of its profile is proposed in this paper using Non-Uniform Rational B-spline (NURBS) curve. The parametric representation of AUH profile is described with two decision variables and several data points. Based on this parametric curve, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation is carried out to evaluate its hydrodynamic performance with various parameters. A predication model is established over variables’ design space using Kriging surrogate model with CFD simulation results and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) procedure is conducted to find optimal design variables, which can produce an optimum lift-drag ratio. CFD verification results confirm that AUH profile with optimized design variables can increase its lift-drag ratio by 2.11 times compared with that of non-optimized ones. It demonstrates that the parametric representation and optimization procedure of AUH profile proposed in this paper is feasible, and it has a great potential in improving AUH’s performance.
A Pandemic Early Warning System Decision Analysis Concept Utilizing a Distributed Network of Air Samplers via Electrostatic Air Precipitation

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for improved airborne infectious disease monitoring capability. A key challenge is to develop a technology that captures pathogens for identification from ambient air. While pathogenic species vary significantly in size and shape, for effective airborne pathogen detection the target species must be selectively captured from aerosolized droplets. Captured pathogens must then be separated from the remaining aerosolized droplet content and characterized in real-time. While improvements have been made with clinical laboratory automated sorting in culture media based on morphological characteristics of cells, this application has not extended to aerosol samples containing bacteria, viruses, spores, or prions. This manuscript presents a strategy and a model for the development of an airborne pandemic early warning system using aerosol sampling.
The Importance of Optical Fibres for Internal Temperature Sensing in Lithium-ion Batteries during Operation

Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are widely used as energy storage systems (ESSs). The biggest challenge they face is retaining intrinsic health under all conditions, and understanding internal thermal behaviour is crucial to this. The key concern is the potentially large temperature differences at high charge/discharge rates. Excess heat created during charge/discharge will accelerate irreversible aging, eventually leading to failure. As a consequence, it is important to keep battery states within their safe operating range, which is determined by voltage, temperature, and current windows. Due to the chemically aggressive and electrically noisy environment, internal temperature measurement is difficult. As a result, non-invasive sensors must be physically stable, electromagnetic interference-resistant, and chemically inert. These characteristics are provided by fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, which are also multiplexable. This review article discusses the thermal problems that arise during LiB use, as well as their significance in terms of LiB durability and protection. FBG-based sensors are described as a technology, with emphasis on their importance for direct temperature measurement within the LiB cell.
Persicoimidate isolated from Allium ampeloprasum Subsp. Persicum with Apoptotic effects against Breast cancer cell lines

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among American women and the second leading cause of cancer death after the lung cancer. For this reason, trying to find new drugs for the treatment of this disease is essential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of three cinnamic acid derivatives isolated from Allium ampeloprasum var. Persicum including Caffeoyl tyramine, Feruloyl tyramine, and Persicoimidate on two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and BT-474. Evaluation the cytotoxic effects of mentioned purified compounds against MCF-7 and BT-474 cells was performed using MTT assay and their IC50 was determined. Finally, flow cytometery analysis on MCF-7 cells was performed and used to determine the cell death mechanism of investigated compounds. The results exhibited that the cytotoxic effects of all three compounds against breast cancer cell lines was concentration-dependent. The IC50 of Caffeoyl tyramine, Feruloyl tyramine, and Persicoimidate was determined to be as 73, 56, and 40 μg/ml for MCF-7 and 100, 54, and 37 μg/ml for BT-474 cells, respectively. So, Perscicoimidate showed the most potent cytotoxic effects against two breast cancer cells. Finally, flow cytometery analysis showed that Persicoimidate caused approximately 48% of apoptosis in concentration of 40 μg/ml. According to the tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity of cinnamic acid derivatives, these compounds has the potential of being cancer drug candidates for complementary studies on breast tumors with highly expression of EGF receptor. However, evaluation of anti-cancer effects of these compounds against other breast cancer cell lines is suggested.
Multisource Domain Adaption for Health Degradation Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Battery health monitoring is crucial to reduce unexpected maintenance and realize maximum productivity. However, batteries generally work under dynamic and complex working conditions (i.e., different domains) in industrial applications. The distribution difference exists not only between source and target domain but also between multisource domains, it is a challenging problem to monitor battery health deterioration under multiple working conditions. This study proposes a novel transfer learning-based method, multisource domain adaption network (MSDAN), to address the problem of battery health degradation monitoring under different working conditions. First, a battery health degradation monitoring method is proposed based on multisource transfer learning. The knowledge learned from multiple operational conditions is transferred to the target condition. Second, multisource domain adaption is proposed to address the problem of distribution discrepancy of different domains, where unsupervised feature alignment metric and maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) are utilized to evaluate the difference between target domain and each source domain. Multisource adversarial learning is adopted to guide feature generator to provide domain-invariant features of different domains. Third, a feature generator is proposed to extract common and domain-specific features of different domains. The experimental results illustrate that MSDAN has a better performance of battery health prognostics than other single-source domain adaption methods.
A cloud detection method for GaoFen-6 wide field of view imagery based on the spectrum and variance of superpixels

ABSTRACT The Wide Field of View (WFV) imaging system equipped on the GaoFen-6 (GF-6) optical remote sensing satellite can acquire an image with a swath width 800 km and a resolution of 16 m, which is the largest Earth observation swath width among similar satellites in the world. With the advantages of the high spatial resolution and the wide field of view, GF-6 WFV images are widely used in agricultural resources monitoring, forestry resources investigation, and disaster relief. However, the existence of clouds is inevitable problem in GF-6 WFV images, which influences their availability. To quickly and accurately detect cloud areas in GF-6 WFV images, a cloud detection method for GF-6 WFV images based on the spectrum and variance of superpixels is proposed in the paper. First, the GF-6 WFV image is down-sampled. The simple linear iterative clustering algorithm is used to segment down-sampled images to obtain superpixels. The initial cloud detection result is obtained based on the spectrum of superpixels. Second, the initial cloud detection result is refined based on the variance of superpixels to eliminate the influence of cloud-like ground objects. Finally, the refined cloud detection result is post-processed using the region growing algorithm and expansion algorithm. The post-processed cloud detection result is up-sampled to obtain cloud detection result of the GF-6 WFV image. The experimental results show that the recall and precision of the proposed method are 84.61% and 88.46%, respectively, providing good cloud detection results for GF-6 WFV images.
‘Ba-SKY-aP with her each day at dinner’: technology as supporter in the learning and management of home languages

ABSTRACT The paper describes the transformational role technology plays in the management and transmission of heritage (minority) languages (HL) in two UK-based multilingual families. Data were collected in the form of a language background survey, parental interviews, and recordings of interactional events within the home. Findings suggest that parents use technology as a language management tool within the home domain to transmit their HL through enhancing HL language practices and creating rich HL linguistic environments, which both support and seem to contradict parents’ declared language beliefs. Technology allows Family members from across the world to frequently partake in everyday multilingual talk thereby strengthening HL learning and use. Interestingly, the support parents feel technology offers them in transmitting the HL reduces their own anxiety over their children’s HL development whilst also unexpectedly relaxing their attitudes towards fears of (over)consumption of technology. Equally, technology appears to support children to consciously develop overt bilingual identities that they previously did not (openly) profess. The data supports the notion of technology as semiotic practice emphasising that with strategic parental support and agency from children, technology can transform the home into a hub where the learning and maintenance of the HL is advocated in multiple unprecedented ways.