Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bibliometric analysis of the use of the term preembryo in scientific literature

Our objective was to determine the prevalence of the term preembryo in the scientific literature using a bibliometric study in the Web of Science database. We retrieved data from the Web of Science from 1986 to 2005, covering a range of 20 years since the term was first published. Searches for the terms embryo, blastocyst, preimplantation embryo, and preembryo were performed. Then, Boolean operators were applied to measure associations between terms. Finally, statistical assessments were made to compare the use of each term in the scientific literature, and in specific areas where preembryo is most used. From a total of 93,019 registers, 90,888 corresponded to embryo; 8,366 to blastocyst; 2,397 to preimplantation embryo; and 172 to preembryo. The use frequency for preembryo was 2:1000. The term preembryo showed a lower cumulative impact factor (343) in comparison with the others (25,448; 5,530; and 546; respectively) in the highest scored journal category. We conclude that the term preembryo is not used in the scientific community, probably because it is confusing or inadequate. The authors suggest that its use in the scientific literature should be avoided in future publications. The bibliometric analysis confirms this statement. While preembryo hardly ever is used, terms such as preimplantation embryo and blastocyst have gained wide acceptance in publications from the same areas of study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Residual Vibration Control of Robot Arm with Length-Changing Using Input Shaping Filter

This paper shows that we reduced the residual vibration of the robot arm with length-changing using input shaping. We developed the two-way transfer robot for the 5th generation glass. We applied a hump input shaping filter to robot system to control the residual vibration of the robot. While robot transfers the glass, the natural frequency of robot arm is changed. Even though it is changed, input shaping filter with a hump has also good effect for this system. It was confirmed that the residual vibration was reduced by more than 66% at the test result.
The visual search method in map perception research

The way of presenting reality on a map influences the user's perception, so it also affects the image of reality created in the user's mind. Therefore, for centuries maps have been considered cognition tools that influence people's image of the world. Twentieth-century cartographers came to the conclusion that the centuries-old way of map development based on intuition can and should be modified to better reflect the reality, using theories and methods of research from other disciplines, especially psychology. Taking methods from psychology contributed to the development of cognitive cartography. The basic features that distinguish it from other research directions in cartography are that it focuses on the map user, the analysis of map reading and the interpretation process, using experiment as a basic research method and the transfer of experiences and methods, and often the research problems, from psychology to cartography. The way of map use and the cognitive abilities and limitations of the user are important issues that have been taken up by cartographers for decades. The problem of map effectiveness should be resolved through the use of knowledge of editorial problems and the user's cognitive abilities. The first psychological research in cartography was focused on one of the sub-disciplines of psychology - psychophysics. It is one of the oldest psychological research areas, which studies the relation between a physical stimulus and the behaviour, in- tellectual or mental experience caused by the stimulus. After a period of high interest in experimental research in the 1970s, by the beginning of the next decade, a wave of growing research criticism had appeared. The popu- larization of computer techniques contributed to a decrease in interest in perception research. When the major part of the basic problems regarding the implementation of computer techniques in cartography had been solved, it was computers that led to a renewal of interest in map perception research. It facilitated map studies and broadened the range of research methods, and also led to the emergence of new types of maps, such as animated and interactive maps, three-dimensional presentations, which have changed the way of map use and required relevant research to be conducted. The adjustment of new forms of cartographic works to human perceptive possibilities is considered one of the basic objectives of cartography. One kind of psychological perceptive research is visual search. It requires the respondent's attention engage- ment while performing tasks involving finding and identifying particular targets in a complex visual configuration, full of various distractors. The visual search theories explain how people search for particular objects and pick them from among many others. Such research is used in medical studies, marketing and advertising.
The incidence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis, results from a county register in Oslo, Norway.

OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the community of Oslo, Norway; and to link the incidence to measures of disease severity. METHODS A register for RA in the county of Oslo was validated to be 85% complete for patients between 20 and 79 years of age. The incidence of RA was calculated from this register for patients with disease onset 1988-1993 (n=550). Data on health related quality of life [Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ), Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 (AIMS2), pain, fatigue] were obtained from a postal survey (response rate 73%). RESULTS The overall annual incidence of RA over a 6 year period was 25.7/100,000 (females 36.7, males 13.8). The incidence increased with age, from 7.8 in the age group 20-29 to 61.0 between 70 and 79 years. After 5 year followup a clinically important effect on physical function (MHAQ > 1.5) was seen in 38% of the patients, on social functioning (AIMS2 social > 4) in 50%, on mental distress (AIMS2 affect > 4) in 27%, on pain (VAS > 40 mm) in 35%, and on fatigue (VAS > 40 mm) in 41%. CONCLUSION The incidence of RA was 25.7/100,000 in the population of Oslo. After 5 years, 40-50% had clinically important changes in health status. The annual disease incidence with clinically important effect on physical function after 5 years was 10/100,000 individuals at risk.
Effects of Local Application of Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) in a Full-thickness Cartilage Defect Model

Our purpose in this study was to investigate the effects of growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) on cartilage and subchondral bone in a rabbit model harboring an osteochondral defect for a period of 6 months. Absorbable composites were implanted in adult rabbits (18 controls, 18 animals with collagen-I matrix, and 18 animals with matrix plus GDF-5). After 4, 8, or 24 weeks the specimens were studied by histology, microcomputed tomography (microCT) and flow-cytometric analysis (FACS). Implantation of GDF-5 resulted in an improved histological appearance. This was the result of significantly improved defect filling at 4 and 8 weeks. At 24 weeks, however, there was no difference between the groups. The histological examination disclosed a predominance of fibrocartilage, and remodeled subchondral bone was also observed. MicroCT documented normal bone density in all groups, excluding subchondral sclerosis. At 24 weeks, FACS analysis revealed high apoptotic activity in the GDF-5-treated group. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of the effects of GDF-5 in a full-thickness cartilage defect model. We assume that recombinant GDF-5 contained on the carrier is probably able to accelerate the regeneration of the osteochondral defect owing to its availability. However, control of the protein delivery may require further investigation.
Carbapenem Resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from India: Evidence for Nationwide Endemicity of Multiple Metallo-β-Lactamase Clones (VIM-2, -5, -6, and -11 and the Newly Characterized VIM-18)

ABSTRACT Among 57 metallo-β-lactamase (MβL)-producing Pseudomonas spp. detected in India during 2006, five blaVIM genes were found, including a newly characterized blaVIM gene. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were clustered in 33 ribotypes with clones found in multiple hospitals. Several types of blaVIM-2-carrying integrons were detected. The newly characterized variant VIM-18 showed a 4-amino-acid deletion compared to other VIM variants. In this study, we show that VIM-producing Pseudomonas spp. were highly prevalent in India with a great diversity of blaVIM types and MβL-carrying integrons.
Compression of Spinal Cord and Cauda Equina in Achondroplastic Dwarfs

THE PURPOSE of this report is to draw attention to the neurologic abnormalities in achondroplastic dwarfs caused by protruding intervertebral disks compressing the spinal cord and cauda equina. Our recent experience in observing and treating an achondroplastic girl, 15 years of age with symptoms of a progressive myeloradiculopathy in the upper lumbar region of the spine, will be described. The only other child reported in t h i s category was noted briefly by Spillanel who mentioned Poynton’s patient, a boy of 1.5 who began to develop signs of spastic paraplegia at age 13. The clinical findings are reviewed and the results of myelographic examination of the entire spinal canal illustrated in detail. The pathologic anatomy as it relates to disturbances in neurologic function is summarized in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the problem. Therapeutic measures are limited, and surgical decompression is the only effective treatment if camed out early in the course of the disease before irreversible changes occur.
Functional Optimization Through Semilocal Approximate Minimization

An approach based on semilocal approximation is introduced for the solution of a general class of operations research problems, such as Markovian decision problems, multistage optimal control, and maximum-likelihood estimation. Because it is extremely hard to derive analytical solutions that minimize the cost in most instances of the problem, we must look for approximate solutions. Here, it is shown that good solutions can be obtained with a moderate computational effort by exploiting properties of semilocal approximation through kernel models and efficient sampling of the state space. The convergence of the proposed method, called semilocal approximate minimization (SLAM), is discussed, and the consistency of the solution is derived. Simulation results show the efficiency of SLAM, also through its application to a classic operations research problem, i.e., inventory forecasting.
Approximate Splitting for Ensembles of Trees using Histograms

Recent work in classification indicates that significant improvements in accuracy can be obtained by growing an ensemble of classifiers and having them vote for the most popular class. Implicit in many of these techniques is the concept of randomization that generates different classifiers. In this paper, they focus on ensembles of decision trees that are created using a randomized procedure based on histograms. Techniques, such as histograms, that discretize continuous variables, have long been used in classification to convert the data into a form suitable for processing and to reduce the compute time. The approach combines the ideas behind discretization through histograms and randomization in ensembles to create decision trees by randomly selecting a split point in an interval around the best bin boundary in the histogram. The experimental results with public domain data show that ensembles generated using this approach are competitive in accuracy and superior in computational cost to other ensembles techniques such as boosting and bagging.
The evolution of alternative developmental pathways : footprints of selection on life-history traits in a butterfly

Natural selection is expected to favour the expression of alternative phenotypes in response to environmental information about differences in future selective conditions (West-Eberhard, 2003). Such adaptive plasticity is often due to developmental switches that integrate genetic and environmental effects on phenotypes (Moran, 1992; West-Eberhard, 2003). Examples of switch-induced developmental plasticity are cellular differentiation and organization in multicellular organisms (Schlichting, 2003; West-Eberhard, 2003), sex determination (Graves, 2008; Salz, 2011; Uller & Helantera, 2011) and caste determination in social insects (Wheeler, 1986; Nijhout, 1999; Evans & Wheeler, 2001). The presence of adaptive developmental plasticity implies that there are genes with environmentally specific expression that may be carried and transmitted by all individuals in a population but only expressed and exposed to selection in a fraction of these. Mutation– selection–drift balance predicts the amount of standing genetic variance to be strongly dependent on how often encoded phenotypes are exposed to selection through time and space. Conditionally expressed traits are therefore expected to harbour more genetic variance and be less evolutionary robust due to the reduced purifying and eroding effects of selection (Van Dyken & Wade, 2010). Correspondence: Inger M. Aalberg Haugen, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel. : +46 8 16 26 21; fax: +46 8 16 77 15; e-mail: inger.haugen@zoologi.su. se
Differential effects of apotransferrin on two populations of oligodendroglial cells

In the central nervous system (CNS), apotransferrin (aTf) is produced by oligodendroglial cells (OLGcs), and aTf is essential for cell survival. We previously demonstrated that a single intracranial injection of aTf in 3‐day‐old rats accelerates differentiation of OLGc and that aTf acts at early stages of development on certain populations of OLGcs, promoting accelerated maturation, with no effect on late markers of cell differentiation. The objective of the present study was to analyze OLGc maturation at two different stages of rat development, 4 and 10 days of age, in OLGcs isolated from the brain after intracranial injection of aTf at 3 days of age, and to explore the in vitro effect of aTf added to cultures of OLGc isolated from aTf‐injected and control brains. The maturational cell stages were identified by immunocytochemistry with different OLGc markers and by analysis of their morphological complexity. The OLGcs isolated from 4‐ and 10‐day‐old animals intracranially injected with aTf were more differentiated than control cells. Treatment with aTf of the cultures of OLGcs that were isolated from 4‐day‐old saline‐injected control animals induced their differentiation, while a similar treatment of the cultures of OLGcs that were isolated from 10‐day‐old animals did not induce further maturation of the cells. The results presented in the present report demonstrate that the in vivo effects of aTf on OLGc maturation can be reproduced in cultures and that the effects of aTf occur early in development during a narrow, transient “temporal window” within which OLGcs are sensitive to its action. GLIA 42:406–416, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A systematic weight synthesis procedure for performance optimisation in ℋ∞ loop shaping

This paper proposes a systematic method to synthesise ℋ∞ loop shaping weights that would optimise performance while maintaining a pre-specified level of optimal robust stability margin. This objective is captured by two optimisation problems expressed in the form of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI), which are solved by means of an iterative algorithm. This scheme will aid the designer to gauge the achievable performance of a plant for a specified level of robustness and to adjust pre-designed weights to further enhance performance.
Flower classification using fusion descriptor and SVM

This paper aims to develop an effective flower classification approach using the technology of feature extraction. With this regard, a fused descriptor based on Pyramid Histogram of Visual Words (PHOW) is used to extract the color, texture and contour information of flower image. Secondly, Dictionary Learning and Locality-constrained Linear Coding (LLC) are operated on PHOW feature and then images are presented by means of Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP). Finally, the integrated feature is sent to Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier for training and testing. By conducting an experiment study in Oxford 17 dataset, our proposed method provided a satisfactory result with an overall 86.17% accuracy rate.
A novel source coding technique for wireless sensor networks based on Benford's law

Since its discovery in 1881, Benford's law has been verified in several application fields related to economics, physics and even in number theory. In particular, a random dataset obtained from physical measurements seems to be the best empirical example of its validity. Following this reasoning, we present a novel and fast source coding algorithm for wireless sensor measurements. In more details, the Benford's probability density distribution is exploited for Huffmann coding of measured values, considering the Benford probability density of the first digit. This results may be fast obtained assuming the Benford's law validity, without directly computing the a priori probabilities of the measured digits. Performance evaluation is provided by system simulations, comparing the obtained results with the computed a posteriori source entropy.
Video Motion Vector Recovery Method Using Decoding Partition Information

This paper presents a novel motion vector recovery and error concealment algorithm with the utilization of encoding partition information for H.264/AVC. The motion vectors for each missing pixel location are derived using available neighboring pixel motion vectors, which contribute to the generation of the missing motion vectors inversely proportional to the distance between them. The motion extrapolation method is used to project the encoding partition information from the reference frame into the current frame with different levels of overlapping of lost pixels. The different levels of overlapping can help determine the estimated encoding partition information in the lost macroblock (MB). Finally, the pixels that are determined to be of the same estimated partition share the same motion vector in order to maintain the integrity of the estimated moving objects in the lost MB. This proposed pixel-based motion vector with partition (PMVP) method compares with the state-of-the-art Zhou's method, Lin's method, and Lie's method. For total average in packet loss rates of 3%, 7%, 16%, and 20%, PMVP is better than Zhou by 0.88, 1.02, 1.05, and 1.01 dB, respectively; Lin by 0.22, 0.32, 0.35, and 0.33 dB, respectively; and Lie by 4.12, 4.98, 4.15, and 3.88 dB, respectively. Therefore, the proposed PMVP performs the best on average among all the methods.
Sex differences in long-term outcomes of coronary patients treated with drug-eluting stents at a tertiary medical center

Background Limited data exist on contemporary sex-related differences in long-term outcomes of coronary patients receiving drug-eluting stents. In this study we evaluate differences for males (M) and females (F) in 2-year target lesion failure (TLF) in an unselected consecutive series of patients treated with everolimus-eluting stents (EES) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) at a tertiary medical center. Methods Data on 348 consecutive patients (M 221, F 127) stented with EES and PES were retrospectively analyzed. The primary end point of the study was to compare sex-related outcomes in TLF, defined as the combined end point of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Secondary end points included TLR, target vessel failure, target vessel revascularization, acute stent thrombosis as defined by the Academic Research Consortium, and cardiac death. The cineangiograms of the first consecutive 162 patients (M 105, F 57) were independently reviewed by a cardiologist blinded to clinical outcome, and SYNTAX scoring was performed. Follow-up was achieved using medical records and/or phone calls and was censored at 2 years. Descriptive analysis was performed on all variables. Univariate analysis compared the M and F cohorts. Multivariate analysis using Cox regression was performed to determine independent predictors of TLF with time, including sex as an independent variable in the model. Results M had more prior percutaneous coronary interventions and restenotic lesions and a higher prevalence of smoking. They also had longer length of disease and received more stents than F. F were older and had a higher prevalence of prior stroke. Angiographic complexity was not statistically different between the two groups, as judged by SYNTAX scoring (M 20.8±13.8, F 19.7±13.9, P=0.650). At 2-year follow-up, TLF was 27.4% and 24.8% (P=0.614) with no statistical difference between TLR (23.3% versus [vs] 21.6%), cardiac death (2.8% vs 3.2%), and definite and probable stent thrombosis (2.3% vs 0.0%) in M and F, respectively. Cox regression analysis using backward elimination showed that the number of stents per patient was the only independent predictor of TLF with time (hazard ratio 1.201, 95% confidence interval 1.126–1.280, P=0.001). Conclusion In this cohort of patients receiving EES and PES, M and F did not have statistically different outcomes at 2-year follow-up, consistent with recent reports in the current era of percutaneous coronary interventions.
Circulatory levels of catecholamines, serotonin and lipids in attention deficit hyperactivity diiorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be associated with a dysregulation of the catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems. Furthermore, ADHD is frequently complicated by aggressive impulsive behaviour, which is suggested to be related to low serum cholesterol levels. We examined the relationship between blood serotonin, norepinephrine, dopa and lipid levels and the degree of hyperactivity, impulsiveness, lack of concentration, and aggressiveness in boys with ADHD of low and high severity as determined by a specially designed formulated scale based on the DSM‐IV criteria for ADHD. No differences were noted between the groups in any of the peripheral biological parameters except blood serotonin, for which a tendency (P =0.08) towards lower levels was observed in the children with more severe disorder. We conclude that children with severe ADHD may have a different serotonin turnover compared to children with mild ADHD. These results may have implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of ADHD, at least the more severe type.
CC-KF: Enhanced TOA Performance in Multipath and NLOS Indoor Extreme Environment

Time-of-arrival (TOA)-based indoor geolocation suffer from huge distance measurement error caused by multipath and nonline-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. In this paper, we presented a new distance mitigation algorithm based on channel classification and Kalman filter to enhanced TOA performance in multipath and NLOS indoor extreme environment. This algorithm could significantly reduce the ranging error caused by the extreme channel condition in indoor area. We compared the performance of our algorithm with the traditional TOA distance mitigation algorithms, such as Kalman filter, biased Kalman filter, binary hypothesis testing, and ANN, using a commercially available TOA-based geolocation system in typical indoor and underground environments. Results show the performance of our algorithm is much superior to the others.