Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal variations in the acoustic signal from faculae

ABSTRACT The integrated brightness of the Sun shows variability on time-scales from minutesto decades. This variability is mainly caused by pressure mode oscillations, by granu-lation and by dark spots and bright faculae on the surface of the Sun. By analyzingthe frequency spectrum of the integrated brightness we can obtain greater knowledgeabout these phenomena. It is shown how the frequency spectrum of the integratedbrightness of the Sun in the frequency range from 100 to 3200 µHz shows clear signsof both granulation, faculae and p-mode oscillations and that the measured character-istic time-scales and amplitudes of the acoustic signals from granulation and faculaeare consistent with high-resolution observations of the solar surface. Using 13 years ofobservations of the Sun’s integrated brightness from the VIRGO instrument on theSOHO satellite it is shown that the signiﬁcance of the facular component varies withtime and that it has a signiﬁcance above 0.99 around half the time. Furthermore, ananalysis of the temporal variability in the measured amplitudes of both the granu-lation, faculae and p-mode oscillation components in the frequency spectrum revealsthat the amplitude of the p-mode oscillation component shows variability that followsthe solar cycles, while the amplitudes of the granulation and facular components showsigns of quasi-annual and quasi-biennial variability, respectively.Key words: Sun: faculae, plages – Sun: granulation – Sun: helioseismology – Sun:oscillations
Design Phosphate Removal Technology using Volcanic Rocks: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies

− In this work adsorption of P(V) on to Scoria (VSco) and Pumice (VPum) has been studied by using a batch method at room temperature. The effect of various design parameters, i.e. contact time, initial pH, adsorbent dose, agitation speed, adsorbent particle size, and initial P(V) ion concentration using the VPum and VSco, has been studied. The sorption process was relatively fast and equilibrium has been reached at 60 min contact time and the maximum adsorption yield, 92.50% for VSco and 94.70% for VPum, was obtained at an adsorbent loading weight of 15 g/L for VSco and 10 g/L for VPum. Kinetic data of P(V) adsorption followed well the pseudo-second order equation (R>0.99) suggested the chemisorptions mechanism of P(V) adsorption on VPum and VSco. The overall uptake for the VSco and VPum were maximum at pH 6 and 7 respectively. The sorption data were better represented by the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 99, 98: SSE ≈ 0.0034, 0.0084) than by the Langmuir, giving a coefficient of adsorption 0.50 and 0.34 L/g respectively. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has a significant effect on P(V) adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of anions: Mixture > SO4 > HCO3 > NO3 > Cl > CO3. In addition, the adsorbed P(V) could be desorbed by 0.1 and 0.2 M NaOH solutions. The optimized method was applied for P(V) removal from real wastewater. The achieved P(V) removal efficiency was 91.48% and 95.23% using VSco and VPum respectively. Results indicate that the freely abundant, locally available, low-cost adsorbent, VSco and VPum can be treated as economically viable for the removal of P(V) from wastewater.
Torque-Angle-Based Direct Torque Control for Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drivers in Electric Vehicles

A modified direct torque control (DTC) method based on torque angle is proposed for interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drivers used in electric vehicles (EVs). Given the close relationship between torque and torque angle, proper voltage vectors are selected by the proposed DTC method to change the torque angle rapidly and regulate the torque quickly. The amplitude and angle of the voltage vectors are determined by the torque loop and stator flux-linkage loop, respectively, with the help of the position of the stator flux linkage. Furthermore, to satisfy the torque performance request of EVs, the nonlinear dead-time of the invertor caused by parasitic capacitances is considered and compensated to improve steady torque performance. The stable operation region of the IPMSM DTC driver for voltage and current limits is investigated for reliability. The experimental results prove that the proposed DTC has good torque performance with a brief control structure.
A Method of Personalized Driving Decision for Smart Car Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

To date, automatic driving technology has become a hotspot in academia. It is necessary to provide a personalization of automatic driving decision for each passenger. The purpose of this paper is to propose a self-learning method for personalized driving decisions. First, collect and analyze driving data from different drivers to set learning goals. Then, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm is utilized to design a driving decision system. Furthermore, personalized factors are introduced for some observed parameters to build a personalized driving decision model. Finally, compare the proposed method with classic Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms. The results show that the performance of the personalized driving decision model is better than the classic algorithms, and it is similar to the manual driving situation. Therefore, the proposed model can effectively learn the human-like personalized driving decisions of different drivers for structured road. Based on this model, the smart car can accomplish personalized driving.
‘Sleeping on the job’: where qualitative fieldwork meets the sociology of sleep

This article examines the question of sleeping (or not) during the course of ethnographic fieldwork. It is argued that the concept of what is termed here ‘sleepwork’ has yet to be fully addressed or adequately problematised in the fields of sociology and social anthropology, in particular. The first part of the article highlights the relative silence about sleeping and fieldwork in the literature on qualitative research methods, and reflects upon why this subject is largely absent from the ethnographic corpus. I then make a number of propositions about some potential methodological strategies for incorporating ‘sleepwork’ into fieldwork. The second part of the article suggests that data analysis should not be seen as an activity that only occurs in states of wakefulness, but rather as a 24/7 activity that is undertaken with varying intensity.
Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series Working Paper No . 20 / 06 Bayesian Inference for a Threshold Autoregression with a Unit Root

A Bayesian approach to distinguishing between nonlinear and unit root behavior offers several practical advantages over equivalent frequentist procedures. Foremost among these advantages is the simplicity of the test. This paper compares the small sample power and size properties of a joint Bayesian test for a unit root and a threshold effect with Caner and Hansen's (2001) frequentist strategy. The results from Monte Carlo experiments indicate that the simpler Bayesian test performs at least as well as Caner and Hansen's procedure.
Prediction of Gain Expansion and Intermodulation Performance of Nonlinear Amplifiers

A mathematical model for the input‐output characteristic of an amplifier exhibiting gain expansion and weak and strong nonlinearities is presented. The model, basically a Fourier‐series function, can yield closed‐form series expressions for the amplitudes of the output components resulting from multisinusoidal input signals to the amplifier. The special case of an equal‐amplitude two‐tone input signal is considered in detail. The results show that unless the input signal can drive the amplifier into its nonlinear region, no gain expansion or minimum intermodulation performance can be achieved. For sufficiently large input amplitudes that can drive the amplifier into its nonlinear region, gain expansion and minimum intermodulation performance can be achieved. The input amplitudes at which these phenomena are observed are strongly dependent on the amplifier characteristics.
On building a more eÆ ient grammar by exploiting types

Modern grammar development platforms often support multiple devi es for representing properties of a natural language, giving the grammar writer some freedom in implementing analyses of linguisti phenomena. These design alternatives an have dramati onsequenes for eÆ ien y both in pro essing and in grammar building. In this paper I report on three experiments in making systemati modi ations to a broadoverage grammar of English in order to gain eÆ ien y without loss of linguisti elegan e. While the experiments are to some degree both platform-dependant and theory-bound, the kinds of modi ations reported should be appli able to any uni ation-based grammar whi h makes use of types. The results make a strong ase for a more visible role for the linguist in the ollaborative e ort to a hieve greater pro essing eÆ ien y.
Fossil honey bees and evolution in the genus Apis (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

A partial revision is provided for some of the more well-known fossil honey bee species. Apis henshawi is diagnosed, the holotype described, and a complete taxonomic history presented. The following names are newly synonymized under A. henshawi: A. henshawi dormiens and A. aquisextana. A new species, A. vetustus sp. n. , is recognized from Oligocene strata. Synapis petrefacta is officially transferred into the genus Apis (new combination) and A. fota and A. shandongica are placed into synonymy with A. miocenica (new synonymies). The authorship of A. melisuga is discussed and the name considered to be a nomen dubium. A phylogeny is proposed for Apis which incorporates the known fossil species and evolution in the genus discussed. No honey bees are known from before the Oligocene. © Inra/DIB/AGIB/Elsevier, Paris
LoC Configuration Low-level task customization Program generation & execution Signal conditioning and BLE module CPU LoC embedding SiNWs

Unprecedented knowledge levels in life sciences along with technological advances in microand nanotechnologies and microfluidics have recently conditioned the advent of Lab-on-Chip (LoC) devices for In-Vitro Medical Testing (IVMT). Combined with smart-mobile technologies, LoCs are pervasively giving rise to opportunities to better diagnose disease, predict and monitor personalised treatment efficacy, or provide healthcare decision-making support at the Pointof-Care (PoC). Although made increasingly available to the consumer market, the adoption of LoC-based PoC In-Vitro Medical Testing (IVMT) systems is still in its infancy. This attrition partly pertains to the intricacy of designing and developing complex systems, destined to be used sporadically, in a fast-pace evolving technological paradigm. System evolvability is therefore key in the design process and constitutes the main motivation for this work. We introduce a smart-mobile and LoC-based system architecture designed for evolvability. By propagating LoC programmability, instrumentation, and control tools to the highlevel abstraction smart-mobile software layer, our architecture facilitates the realisation of new use-cases and the accommodation for incremental LoC-technology developments. We demonstrate these features with an implementation allowing the interfacing of LoCs embedding currentor impedancebased biosensors such as Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistors (SiNW-FETs) or electrochemical transducers. Structural modifications of these LoCs or changes in their specific operation may be addressed by the sole reengineering of the mobilesoftware layer, minimising system upgrade development and validation costs and efforts. Keywords-Lab-on-Chip; Smartphone; Point-of-Care; InVitro Medical Diagnostics; System Evolvability; System Ar-
INFORMATION : Title : Genetically modified feeds and their effect on the metabolic parameters of food-producing animals : A review of recent studies

The land area devoted to the cultivation of genetically modified (GM) plants has increased in recent years: in 2012 such plants were grown on over 170 million hectares globally, in 28 different countries, and are at present used by 17.3 million farmers worldwide. The majority of GM plants are used as feed material for food-producing farm animals. Despite the facts that GM plants have been used as feed for years and a number of feeding studies have proved their safety for animals, they still give rise to emotional public discussion. This paper reviews and discusses the results of recent experiments on the effects of feeds derived from genetically modified plants (GM feeds) on the physiological and metabolic indices of livestock, poultry and fish. The number of peer-reviewed papers on studies evaluating the influence of feeding food-producing animals with genetically modified materials is high. Most of these studies were carried out with GM plants with improved agronomic traits, i.e. herbicide-tolerant crops and crops protected against common pests; however, in some experiments, GM crops with enhanced nutritional properties were assessed. In the relevant part of these studies, not only production parameters but also different indices of the metabolic status of animals were analysed, and only a few minor differences with no biological relevance were found in livestock or poultry experiments. A greater number of minor effects on selected metabolic parameters were detected in fish studies; however, the causes of these differences were unclear and it is difficult to determine whether they were due to the genetic modification of the GM feed materials used. Since the results presented in the vast majority of experiments did not indicate any negative effects of GM materials, it can be concluded that commercialised transgenic crops can be safely fed to target foodproducing animals without affecting metabolic indices or the quality of such products as meat, milk and eggs. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
How to Enhance Social Relationships of Older Adults: Design and Development of a Mobile Application for Active Seniors

Background As the aging population increases, the definition of older adults is being diversified and a new group of older adults has been specified, called ‘Active Seniors’. While a range of studies have been conducted regarding this group according to their societal significance, not much research has focused on their social wellness. In order to improve their quality of life, in this study, we adopted design research to examine the needs of active seniors, and sought to provide an online platform for them to receive customized information on leisure activities through which they can form and enhance social relationships offline. Methods We conducted qualitative interviews with welfare workers to identify the overall characteristics of active seniors. Based on the insights, an online survey was carried out regarding their social relationships, leisure time, and smartphone utilization. According to the findings, we established design implications and implemented an A/B concept test with active seniors. With the final prototype, utility and usability testing was conducted to draw out necessary fixes and obtain feedback regarding the overall satisfaction. Results Based on design research, we developed a working mobile app prototype, which is specialized for active seniors who have demands for obtaining information on leisure activities and building social relationships. Through user evaluation, it was revealed that the service is convenient for older adults in terms of legibility, visibility, and touch interface. Moreover, it has been confirmed to be helpful in providing seniors with necessary leisure information and assisting them in interacting with others by building and maintaining social relationships. Conclusions Our study presented new evidence that a mobile application can meet the needs of active seniors with respect to receiving useful leisure activity information and building social relationships concurrently. Additionally, the service can exert meaningful implications in the context of society, can be used as a tool that seniors can utilize to spend their time in a more meaningful way, and may promote the awareness that older adults are still active and independent, and considered an equal group in our society.
Redox Chemistry in Two Iron-Bentonite Field Experiments at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden: An XRD and Fe K-Edge Xanes Study

Excavated bentonite from two large iron-bentonite field experiments at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden was investigated with respect to iron redox chemistry and mineralogy. The iron redox chemistry was studied by Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy and the mineral phases were studied using X-ray diffraction. Bentonite is to be used as a buffer material in high-level radioactive waste repositories to protect the waste containers from their surroundings. Montmorillonite, which is responsible for the sealing properties in the bentonite, is susceptible to redox reactions. A change in the montmorillonite iron redox chemistry may affect its layer charge and hence its properties. The experiments included are the first Alternative Buffer Material test (ABM1) and the Temperature Buffer Test (TBT). The clays were heated to a maximum of ~130°C (ABM1) or ~150°C (TBT) for 2.5 and 7 y, respectively. In the central part of the compacted clay blocks was placed an iron heater and the distance from the heater to the rock was ~10 cm (ABM1) and ~50 cm (TBT), respectively. Eleven different clay materials were included in the ABM1 experiment and five were analyzed here. In the ABM1 experiment, the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio was increased in several samples from the vicinity of the heater. Kinetic data were collected and showed that most of the Fe(II)-rich samples oxidized rapidly when exposed to atmospheric oxygen. In the TBT experiment the corrosion products were dominated by Fe(III) and no significant increase in Fe(II) was seen. In ABM1, reducing conditions were achieved, at least in parts of the experiment; in TBT, reducing conditions were not achieved. The difference was attributed to the larger scale of the TBT experiment, providing more oxygen after the installation, and to the longer time taken for water saturation; oxidation of the samples during excavation cannot be ruled out. Minor changes in the bentonite mineral phases were found in some cases where direct contact was made with the iron heater but no significant impact on the bentonite performance in high-level radioactive waste applications was expected as a result.
Local Load Balancing in Distributed Hash Tables

There are many existing peer-to-peer systems for distributed hash tables in which both nodes and tokens are mapped to a shared identifier space and tokens are assigned to nearby (often successor) nodes. The load balancing performance of this straightforward mapping is limited, since nodes may be mapped very near each other. Virtual nodes and other techniques have been used to correct this, but existing techniques reduce scalability by increasing node degree significantly or by requiring multiple independent lookup operations for a single token. We present three algorithms based on local load balancing which improve the load distribution without such cost. The first is a local load balancing process in which each node simply balances with its neighbors; it can balance the distribution to a maximum load of O( 1 n ) in a single round of improvements in hypercubic structures. The other two algorithms modify the identifier mapping process to balance token assignments, improving the load distribution to a maximum load of O( 1 n ) while reducing the worst-case node degree and maintaining a low expected network congestion. ∗Contact author. Address: Dept. of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. Phone: 410-516-4650. Fax: 410-516-6134.
Application of the Constitutive Model in Finite Element Simulation: Predicting the Flow Behavior for 5754 Aluminum Alloy during Hot Working

The flow behavior of 5754 aluminum alloy was researched using the plane strain compression test for the range of 300–500 °C and 0.1–10 s−1. The experimental flow curves acquired directly from Gleeble-3500 show that deformation parameters have a significant effect on the flow curves. All curves show a broad peak due to the dynamic softening after the work hardening. In addition, the flow curves display a slight downward trend after reaching the peak stress at low and medium strain rates. This softening mechanism has been further investigated by the work hardening rate and the results show that the flow characteristics of 5754 aluminum alloy are mainly controlled by the mechanism of competition between hardening, dynamic recovery and continuous dynamic recrystallization. Based on the corrected true strain-stress curves, the constitutive model of the corresponding softening mechanism has been established by a linear regression method. Then, the developed model was embedded in the finite element (FE) analysis software (ABAQUS) by encoding the UHARD subroutine and the hot compression process of the alloy was simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the sample has an uneven flow in the deformation zone, which is consistent with the grain morphology of the corresponding region of the test sample. In addition, the simulated load-stroke values were well fitted to the experimental data. The predictive ability of the model was quantified by statistical indicators. It emerged that the FE of the embedded constitutive model effectively simulates the hot working process of 5754 aluminum alloy, which has reference value for actual processing.
Preliminary Studies of Phenolic and Flavanoid Content in Leaf Galls and Leaves of Pongamia Pinnata (L.) Pierre

Plants have been forming galls to ward off the attacks of bacteria, fungi, mistletoe, mites, nematodes, viruses, and insects. Although most galls probably do not harm the host too much, they do involve some form of parasitism and generally do not benefit the host. In the present paper galls found on the leaves of Pongamia pinnata were examined. Investigations were carried out for the presence of flavanoids and phenolics and compared with the ungalled leaf tissues.
Implementation of IoT and Machine Learning for Smart Farming Monitoring System

In a country like mine, Ethiopia where there are 94 million people, agriculture is the main driver of the country’s economy contributing to 45% GDP and 85% of the population are farmers, Traditional methods used by farmers aren't sufﬁcient enough to serve the increasing demand and so they have to hamper the soil by using harmful pesticides in an intensiﬁed manner. As to increase farm productivity by understanding and forecasting crop performance in a variety of environmental conditions this paper focuses on emerging different automation practices like IoT, Wireless Communications, Machine learning and Artiﬁcial Intelligence, Deep learning as part of the industry’s technological evolution.