Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patch use in a diurnal rodent: handling and searching under thermoregulatory costs

1. The role of physiological complexity in animal foraging ecology was investigated through experiments to determine how animals manage time and energy during patch use under thermoregulatory costs. The Degu Octodon degus (Molina 1782), a diurnal rodent inhabiting the semiarid environments of central Chile, was studied. 2. Previous studies reported that Degus are constrained to specific foraging areas mainly by limits to thermal tolerance and food quality. Predation risk may also be important. Because new evidence shows that physiological processes are important in shaping foraging ecology, it was hypothesized that Degu foraging behaviour is influenced by the risk of hyperthermia as well as by the advantages of gathering food efficiently. 3. Feeding trials were conducted in an experimental arena with food offered in an experimental patch containing sand and placed under a heater. Using video cameras, the overall time budget was measured, including frequency and duration of patch visits, and events of food gathering. Besides ambient temperature (high or low), handling time was manipulated by using husked and unhusked sunflower seeds, and searching time by using two seed distributions. 4. Ambient temperature and husk state as well as ambient temperature and seed distribution interacted in their influence on both handling time and searching efficiency. These results imply that a thermally risky patch affects both parameters associated with patch use and diet selection and that this effect disappears when animals are not risking hyperthermia. 5. Degus decreased the frequency of patch visits under thermoregulatory costs. This behaviour resulted exclusively from the effect of ambient temperature. Data on time use suggest that direct exposure to higher environmental temperatures is avoided through changes in the duration of patch visits. Degus harvested food items in shorter foraging bouts when food was under a stressful thermal patch. 6. In conclusion, a time-minimizing foraging behaviour, in face of Degus’ thermoregulatory physiology and related risks, was observed.
Physical and historical determinants of the pre- and post-settlement forests of northwestern Pennsylvania

Our analysis of the early land survey records and more recent U.S. Forest Service inventory data documents the changing nature of northwestern Pennsylvania's forests following European settlement. Initially, the northern portion of the four-county study area was dominated by forests of Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. and Acer saccharum Marsh. associated with the richer, finer-textured soils of the rolling Glaciated Appalachian Plateau. Up to 80% of the region was cleared for farming in the 19th century. Marginal farmland was abandoned and reverted to forests in the 20th century. Fires and leached, nutrient-poor soils favored the dominance of Quercus spp. and Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. in the presettlement forests of the rugged Unglaciated Appalachian Plateaus to the south. The rough nature of the terrain discouraged the early clearance of the plateaus' forests. The advent of the petroleum industry and its insatiable demand for barrels in the 19th century, however, assured the selective removal of the larger.
ESMP: EXPLORATORY SCALE FOR MALWARE PERCEPTION THROUGH API CALL SEQUENCE LEARNING

One of the critical factor of computer aided services and data security is defending malicious executables known as malwares. Since the zero day activities of malware, it becomes continuous process to sense and prevent the malicious activities of the vulnerable executables. The contemporary literature evinces the many of malware detection approaches. The malware detection by dynamic assessment is figured as significant to explore the behavioral information of the malicious executables. The recent malware analysis is concluding that the act of obfuscating the malicious executables is boosting the complexity of defending such attacks. This practice strongly demanding the more accurate malware defending approaches, hence this manuscript contributed an exploratory scale to analyze API call sequence in order to estimate the scope of malicious act by an executable. The proposed model called Exploratory Scale for Malware Perception (ESMP) is a machine learning strategy that acquires knowledge from the defined executables that labeled as either malicious or benevolent. Further this knowledge is used to define the exploratory scale proposed. ESMP even capable of identifying zero day exploiting of malware. The experimental study was carried out on set of executables labeled as either malicious or benevolent. The 70% of the given executables were used to train the ESMP to define exploratory scale and rest 30% were unlabeled and given to test the significance of the ESMP towards malware detection accuracy. The statistical metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were assessed to notify the scalability
Anti-calreticulin Antibody Binds to a Membrane Protein in Caveolae

Caveolae have been reported to contain a number of proteins related to Ca mobilization, including an inositol 1,4,5trisphosphate receptor-like protein, and a plasmalemmal calcium pump. In search of other Ca -related proteins, we found that a polyclonal antibody to calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca -binding protein, binds to the cytoplasmic surface of caveolae. By immunofluorescence microscopy of cultured fibroblasts, labeling by the anti-CRT antibody was found colocalized with caveolin-1. Immunogold electron microscopy of ultrathin frozen sections showed that the antibody decorates the cytoplasmic surface of caveolae. The caveolar labeling could be due to CRT that leaked out of the ER, but the labeling persisted even when isolated plasmalemmal preparations were treated with 10 mM EDTA, 1 M NaCl, or 0.1 M Na2CO3 (pH 11). Furthermore, in SDS-digested freeze-fracture replicas, labeling was associated with caveolae in the P face of the plasma membrane. However, in cells transfected with hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged cDNA, the labeling by anti-HA was observed only in the ER and was not found in caveolae. Taken together, the results suggest that a protein structurally similar to CRT is localized in caveolae as an integral membrane protein, and that the protein could be functionally related to the intracellular Ca homeostasis.
Amino Acid, Protein, and Caloric Content of Vascular Aquatic Macrophytes

The percentage of each amino acid in the total protein was remarkably similar in 11 species of vascular aquatic plants, as well as in the same species from different sites and the same species at different stages of maturity. Total protein concentrations in the various samples differed greatly, however; such differences may have great importance in food webs. Caloric values for all samples were relatively uniform. See full-text article at JSTOR
Beyond Performing Arts: Network Composition and Collaboration Patterns

The social network approach has been applied to understand social and cultural phenomena. Previous studies have implemented network metrics to investigate collaborations in different contexts, such as scientific communities. However, collaborations patterns in performing arts have not been fully described. To address this gap, we propose the reconstruction and analysis of the collaboration networks of performing artists registered in Wikidata. Our results suggest that different performing arts share similar collaboration patterns, as well as a mechanism of community formation that is consistent with observed social behaviors. Our study adds value to the use of Wikidata as a source of information to investigate social complex systems.
The Effect of Cronyism on Private Sector Growth in Egypt December 2013

The objective of this paper is to explore if cronyism can account for the modest growth performance of Egypt. Therefore, we construct a unique dataset of 469 politically connected firms under the Mubarak regime in Egypt before the 2011 revolution. We combine this data with various other databases on Egyptian firms and regulations to assess the relation between political connections, regulation, and private sector dynamics. We focus on two mutually inclusive mechanisms through which cronyism may reduce economic growth. First, we test if economic policies have been manipulated to favor connected firms focusing on three particular privileges channels: trade protection, energy subsidies, and rule enforcement. We find that the superior corporate performance of connected firms relative to non-connected firms is systematically related to their ability to capture these policies. Second, we attempt to assess the effect of the prevalence of politically connections on the performance of sectors and the economy as a whole. Therefore, we quantify the adverse impact of cronyism on the performance of the majority of non-connected firms. We find that the presence of more connected firms is associated with less firm entry, higher market concentration, and a higher skewness as well as dispersion in the firm size distribution. Moreover, firms report less pressure from competition in industries where politically connected firms are present. Taken together, the findings suggest that when sectors fall prey to crony interests, competition collapses, and the sector is left with few large, connected, moderately performing firms while the majority of (smaller) non-connected firms stagnate. Preliminary, please do not quote
Numerical Simulation of Rotating Detonation in Cylindrical Channel

In the paper results of two-dimensional numerical simulation of detonation propagation in cylindrical cannel are presented. Calculations were carried out for oxy-acetylene mixtures of a different composition, different location of ignition source, different channel dimensions and different initial velocity of the mixture in the channel. This work is connected with possibility of application of the continuously rotating detonation to jet engine, or so called Rotating Detonation Engine (RDE) descriptions of which could be find in [1]. For calculations a modified program developed by Michel Lefebvr and Toshi Fujiwara from Nagoya University and modified at Warsaw University of Technology was used [2]. Two different combustion models were used. The first simplified model based on data available in [3],[4] an model developed by Williams and described in the paper „The Combustion and Oxidation of Acetylene” [5]. Both models were verified on base of available literature data described in [6]. Most of the calculations were based on the second approach. The following reactions were taken into account:
FREQUENT ITEMSET MINING USING ECLAT WITH RELATIVE PROFIT AND PRICE

: Data mining is the process of extracting useful information from the huge amount of data stored in the databases. Data mining tools and techniques help to predict business trends those can occur in near future. Many industries are becoming interested in mining such patterns from their databases. The discovery of interesting correlation relationships among huge amounts of business transaction records can help in many business decision-making processes, such as catalog design, cross-marketing, and customer shopping behavior analysis. Eclat is a classical algorithm for mining frequent itemsets, which is based on vertical layout databases. It is greatly different from those algorithms based on horizontal layout databases, such as algorithm Apriori and FP-Growth. Eclat uses vertical data format for frequent pattern mining. It is depth first search technique. It is proved that Eclat is better then apriori algorithm. It needs less database scan compare to apriori. Eclat is faster then apriori.
SPORE POPULATIONS OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM IN SOILS IN RELATION TO THE OCCURRENCE OF COMMON ROOTROT OF WHEAT

The relationship of the spore population of Helminthosporium sativum in soils and the occurrence of common rootrot of wheat in the greenhouse and field was studied in 1959 and 1960. Results appeared to be similar in both years. In the 47 fields studied in 1960, numbers of viable spores of H. sativum ranged from < 8 to 253 per gram of soil. Disease ratings ranged from 1 to 33 for seedlings grown in the greenhouse in soils from these fields, and from 2 to 36 for seedlings and 7 to 56 for mature plants grown in the fields. H. sativum was isolated more frequently from mature field plants than from either greenhouse or field seedlings. Isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained more often from mature field plants than from greenhouse seedlings.Disease rating of seedlings in the greenhouse and the field tended to vary as the logarithm of the population of spores in the soil. No such relationship was found for mature plants. However, fairly good correlations were found between spore populations and frequency of H.
Active inference for Robot control: A Factor Graph Approach

Active Inference provides a framework for perception, action and learning, where the optimization is done by minimizing the Free-Energy of a system. This paper explores whether active inference can be used for closed-loop control of a 1 degree of freedom robot arm. This is done by implementing variational message passing on Forney-style factor graphs; a probabilistic programming framework. We show that an active inference controller with variational message passing can perform state estimation and control at the same time.
Modeling Downtime and Service Levels of an Enterprise Computer Network

We model an enterprise network, which connects members of an electric generation and transmission cooperative with system operators and load serving entities, to study its availability and performability. The model is flexible in that it allows a variable number of generation sites and load serving substations to be connected to the power system so that multiple power grid configurations can be studied. Availability is defined as the ability of the system operator to connect to at least one generation site and at least one substation. In the absence of this minimal connectivity, the electricity market cannot function. Similarly, we look at performability in the form of two separate metrics from the system operator’s perspective. The first is the fraction of generation sites that the system operators can connect to and the second is the fraction of Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) at all substations that the system operator can connect to. The connections to the RTUs are through network switches located in the substation. We use real data from literature to guide the specification of failure rates for RTUs, switches and SCADA servers in the system. Our results show that high performability of generation site connectivity is easier to achieve than system availability and RTU connectivity for all network configurations. We also show that the system availability does not increase with component redundancy beyond the minimum level by an amount that justifies the cost of this redundancy. Hence, our results provide guidance for system operators, generation companies and cooperatives on which components of the enterprise network are most important to its overall dependability.
Extending the New Keynesian Monetary Model with Data Revision Processes

This paper proposes an extended version of the New Keynesian Monetary (NKM) model which contemplates revision processes of output and inflation data in order to assess the importance of data revisions on the estimated monetary policy rule parameters. The estimation results of the extended NKM model suggest that real-time data are not rational forecasts of revised data. These results are in line with the evidence provided by Aruoba (2008) using a reduced-form econometric approach. Moreover, the different policy parameter estimates obtained depending on whether or not the revision processes are assumed to be well behaved, provide evidence that policymakers decisions could be determined by the availability of data at the time of policy implementation.
ATTENDANCE SYSTEM BASED ON FACE RECOGNITION USING LBPH

: In the traditional system, it is hard to be handle the attendance of huge students in a classroom. As it is time-consuming and has a high probability of error during the process of inputting data into the computer. Real-Time Face Recognition is a real-world solution which comes with day to day activities of handling a bulk of student’s attendance. Face Recognition is a process of recognizing the students face for taking attendance by using face biometrics. In this project, a computer system will be able to find and recognize human faces fast that are being captured through a surveillance camera. Numerous algorithms and techniques have been developed for improving the performance of face recognition but our proposed system uses Haar cascade classifier to find the positive and negative of the face and LBPH (Local binary pattern histogram) algorithm for face recognition by using python programming and OpenCV library. Here we use the tkinter GUI interface for user interface purpose.
Studies on Prolonged Storage of Beauveria bassiana Conidia: Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Conidial Viability and Virulence against Chickpea Borer, Helicoverpa armigera

Unformulated conidia of Beauveria bassiana were stored at five different temperatures (0°, 10°, 20°, 30° and 40°C) at six different relative humidities (RH) (0, 33, 53, 75, 85 and 98%). Conidial viabilities and virulence against third instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera were determined over a 24‐month period. Conidia survived longest at lower temperatures (0–20°C) and lower RH levels (0–53% RH). At higher temperatures (30–40°C) conidia did not survive. When the temperature was decreased from 30°C to 0°C, at nearly all RH levels the longevity of conidia increased. Conidia remained virulent for third instar larvae of H. armigera under favourable storage conditions for 24 months.
Underwriter-Issuer Social Ties and IPO Outcomes

We examine the role of social ties in IPO underwriting syndicate formation. An investment bank is more likely to be included in the underwriting syndicate—as a book manager, co-manager, or non-managing syndicate member—when it is connected to the IPO firm through interpersonal social ties between the respective executives and directors. The investment bank further benefits from its social ties by receiving higher compensation and better share allocation in the IPO. A quid pro quo arrangement is in place, as, for the IPO firm, the presence of social ties between the IPO issuer and the chosen underwriters is associated with wealth gains for its pre-IPO shareholders. JEL Classifications: G24, G32
Review on the Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Nelumbinis plumula

Nelumbinis plumula is a traditional Chinese medicine. It has the effect of clearing the heart and calming the nerves, communicating the heart and kidney, and stopping the bleeding. Its main chemical components are alkaloids and flavonoids, as well as polysaccharides, volatile oils and trace elements. Because of its good anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, inhibition of liver fibrosis, hypoglycemia, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protection, it has become a hot research in recent years. This article will summarize the research status of the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, development and utilization of lotus seeds, in order to provide reference for further development and application.
Identification and characterization of α1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors in human liver

Abstract. Adrenergic receptors were identified in healthy human hepatic tissue from thirty‐nine subjects undergoing elective abdominal surgery by using the specific α1‐antagonist [3H]‐prazosin and the beta adrenergic antagonist [3H]‐dihydroalprenolol ([3H]‐DHA). [3H]‐prazosin binding to plasma membranes was rapid, of high affinity, saturable and stereospecific with a maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 74·1±5·5 fmol mg‐1 of protein. The displacement curve for (–)‐norepinephrine was better explained by a one‐site binding and after addition of GTP 0·1 mM the curve was not right‐shifted, suggesting the majority of alpha receptors in healthy human liver are of the α1 subtype and not linked to a GTP‐binding protein. 3H‐DHA binding to liver plasma membranes was also rapid, of high affinity, saturable and stereospecific with a Bmax 96·5±10·3 fmol mg‐1 of protein of receptors. Computer aided analysis of the displacement curve of ICI 118,551, a subtype selective β2‐antagonist (IC50=62±2 nM), indicated a one‐site binding, thus, showing that beta adrenergic receptors are of the β2 subtype. The displacement curve of 3H‐DHA for (–)‐isoproterenol was right shifted by GTP indicating that beta 2 adrenergic receptors are linked to a GTP‐binding protein in human liver. These results indicate that α1‐ and β2‐receptors co‐exist in human liver but only β2‐receptors are linked to a GTP‐binding protein.
Assessment of Efﬁciency of Part & Geometry Models for Groupwise Registration

—We evaluate the performance of a system which addresses the problem of building detailed models of shape and appearance of complex structures, given only a training set of representative images and some minimal manual intervention. We focus on objects with repeating structures (such as bones in the hands), which can cause normal deformable registration techniques to fall into local minima and fail. Using a sparse annotation of a single image we can construct a parts+geometry (P+G) model capable of locating a small set of features on every training image. Iterative reﬁnement leads to a model which can locate structures accurately and reliably. The resulting sparse annotations are sufﬁcient to initialise a dense groupwise registration algorithm, which gives a detailed correspondence between all images in the set. We demonstrate the method on a much larger set of radiographs of the hand while comparing results with that of the earlier work, we achieved a sub-millimeter accuracy in a prominent group.
A Taxonomic Study of the Seagrass Genus Halophila (Hydrocharitaceae) from Japan: Description of a New Species Halophila japonica sp. nov. and Characterization of H. ovalis Using Morphological and Molecular Data

Halophila japonica sp. nov. is described from Japan. Although this entity has long been referred to as H. ovalis, data obtained from detailed morphological examination of field collections and herbarium specimens, geographical distribution records and ITS sequence analyses demonstrate that it is distinguishable from all other members of this genus and can be recognized as a new species. H. japonica is presently reported to occur from Ibusuki (Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu region, Japan) in the south, to Mutsu Bay (Aomori Prefecture, Honshu region, Japan) in the north. In order to better characterize H. ovalis materials from Japan, some observations on this species were also provided. As an outcome of this study, there are now four species of Halophila known from Japan: H. ovalis, H. euphlebia, H. decipiens and H. japonica.