Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat analysis and allelic diversity among genotypes of cultivated Digitaria species.

Acha ( Digitaria exilis Kipps. and D. iburua Stapf.) are valuable indigenous food crops in West Africa, but despite several economic potentials of this crop, little or no attention is paid to its germplasm evaluation and improvement. In this study, we assessed genetic diversity and relationship among genotypes of cultivated acha in Nigeria using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers for the first time. Genomic DNA were extracted from the genotypes and we performed fragment amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of 95 loci consisting of 790 bands were amplified by 13 ISSR primers, out of which 53.37% were polymorphic. Loci amplification per primer ranged from 5-10, with an average of 7.30 loci per primer. Eight of the primers had above 50% polymorphism. Cluster analysis separated the genotypes into two major groups; a group consisting of two D. exilis genotypes and the other comprising a mixture of genotypes. The D. exilis in the latter group were distant members and was only similar at 0.72 similarity index. The polymorphism we obtained in the present study showed that the ISSR markers are effective for assessment of genetic diversity of the genotypes. Clustering of D. exilis and D. iburua together suggests a common progenitor but could have been separated by geographical isolation mechanism
Age and Gender Dependent Amino Acid Concentrations in the Feather, Feather-Free and Whole Empty Body Protein of Fast Growing Meat-Type Chickens

Two consecutive growth experiments with meat-type chickens (Ross 308) were conducted in order to quantify the age-dependent amino acid (AA) content in the whole body protein of male and female birds based on experimental data of the feather and feather-free body protein fractions. Birds were reared under uniform housing and feeding conditions (floor pens, 15 pens per gender, 5 birds per pen) during the starter (day 1 to 22) and grower period (day 22 to 36). Both the starter and grower diet based on corn, wheat, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate and feed amino acids was formulated to ensure an equal feed protein quality close to the ideal amino acid ratio by adjusting a constant mixture of the feed proteins. At start of the experiment and further on weekly up to the end of the 5th week, 15 birds per gender (each 3 pens of 5 birds) were selected and fasted for 24 h, to emptying of gastro-intestinal tract, respectively. Subsequently, birds were euthanized and the feathers were manually removed. Nitrogen (N) and AA content were determined both in the feather and feather-free body fraction. The concentration of individual AAs in both of body protein fraction is varying considerably. Explicitly higher Cys, Ser and Pro but importantly lower Met, Lys and His concentrations were found in the feather protein. Furthermore, significant differences (p for nearly all AAs of the studied body protein fractions and the whole empty body protein dependent on age of birds were observed. Especially high deviations were obtained during the first week of age and at the end of the experiment. According to this observed variation of AA concentrations must be concluded that the body AA composition of meat-type chickens during growth is not constant. The detected gender-specific differences for several AAs in the feather and body protein of male and female birds were rather low and with very low variation.
Human activity reduces niche partitioning among three widespread mesocarnivores

Anthropogenic disturbances can constrain the realized niche space of wildlife by inducing avoidance behaviors and altering community dynamics. Human activity might contribute to reduced partitioning of niche space by carnivores that consume similar resources, both by promoting tolerant species while also altering behavior of species (e.g. activity patterns). We investigated the influence of anthropogenic disturbance on habitat and dietary niche breadth and overlap among competing carnivores, and explored if altered resource partitioning could be explained by human-induced activity shifts. To describe the diets of coyotes, bobcat, and gray foxes, we designed a citizen science program to collect carnivore scat samples in low(‘wildland’) and high(‘interface’) human-use open space preserves, and obtained diet estimates using a DNA metabarcoding approach. Habitat use was determined at scat locations. We found that coyotes expanded habitat and dietary niche breadth in interface preserves, whereas bobcats and foxes narrowed both niche breadth measures. High human use was related to increased dietary niche overlap among all mesocarnivore pairs, increased coyote habitat overlap with bobcats and foxes, and a small reduction in habitat overlap between bobcats and foxes. The strongest increase in diet overlap was among coyotes and foxes, which was smaller in magnitude than their habitat overlap increase. Finally, coyote scats were more likely to contain nocturnal prey in interface preserves, whereas foxes appeared to reduce consumption of nocturnal prey. Our results suggest that dominant and generalist mesocarnivores may encroach on the niche space of subordinate mesocarnivores in areas with high human activity, and that patterns in resource use may be related to human-induced activity shifts.
Phytochemical Properties, Proximate and Mineral Composition of Curcuma longa Linn. and Zingiber officinale Rosc.: A Comparative Study

Aims: To investigate the phytochemical property, proximate and mineral composition of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale dried rhizomes. Study Design: Activity directed phytochemical screening, proximate analysis and mineral composition investigation of C. longa and Z. officinale rhizomes using in vitro methods. Place and Duration of Study: Medicinal Plants Section, Bioresources Development Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria between October and November, 2016. Methodology: C. longa and Z. officinale rhizomes were separately washed dried (at room temperature) and pulverized. The powdered rhizomes were then used for phytochemical screening, proximate analysis and mineral composition investigation. Original Research Article Taoheed et al.; JSRR, 13(4): 1-7, 2017; Article no.JSRR. 32623 2 Results: Phytochemistry of the rhizomes of the two plants revealed the presence of eleven diverse classes of secondary metabolites of plants. C. longa rhizomes were rich in steroids, anthraquinones and terpenes metabolites when compared with those of Z. officinale. Values obtained for the proximate analysis of C. longa and Z. officinale were; moisture (76.02% and 75.84%), carbohydrate (16.37% and 16.23%), ash (3.04% and 3.28%), crude fibre (1.95% and 2.03%), proteins (1.83% and 1.91%), and fat (0.80% and 0.83%) respectively. There was also a significant increase (P<0.05) in the percentage moisture content of C. longa rhizome when compared with those of Z. officinale. Mineral composition analysis of the rhizomes of both plants gave the following values; iron (0.57% and 0.54%) > potassium (0.42% and 0.42%) > magnesium (0.05% and 0.04%) > phosphorus (0.03% and 0.03%) > calcium (0.02% and 0.02%) > sodium (0.01% and 0.01%) respectively. Conclusion: The current study revealed that C. longa rhizomes have high moisture content and is rich in steroids, anthraquinones and terpenes phytochemicals than Z. officinale. Therefore, C. longa could be screened and investigated for novel pharmacologically active compounds to combat degenerative diseases for possible integration into the healthcare.
Estimation of Environmental Factors That Influence Migration Timing and Distribution of Pacific White-Sided Dolphins Around Hokkaido, Japan1

Abstract Hydrographic, hydroacoustic, and cetacean visual surveys were conducted using a quantitative echosounder to estimate environmental factors influencing migration timing and distribution of Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) in the Tsugaru Strait (nonbreeding area) and Funka Bay (breeding area) near Hokkaido, Japan. Higher numbers of dolphins were observed in the Tsugaru Strait during May and June and in Funka Bay during June, July, and August. Potential prey were observed in the Tsugaru Strait in May, June, and August, but they may not have been of a suitable size in August, which may explain absence of the dolphins in that month. In Funka Bay, potential prey were abundant in May, but dolphins may have been absent because of small prey size and low water temperature. In a smaller-scale analysis, the relationship between dolphins and prey was different in the two areas, with dolphin distribution more closely associated with prey distribution in the Funka Bay breeding area. This difference may have resulted from mothers needing to feed more frequently during lactation. These data should serve as an important foundation for estimating environmental factors impacting small cetaceans around Japan as well as changing environmental factors during the cetacean life cycle.
Alpha/beta power compresses time in sub-second temporal judgments

While the perception of time plays a crucial role in our day-to-day functioning, the underlying neural mechanism of time processing on short time scales (~1s) remains to be elucidated. Recently, the power of beta oscillations (~20 Hz) has been suggested to play an important role in temporal processing. However, the paradigms supporting this view have often had confounds of working memory, as well as motor preparation. In the current EEG study, we set out to investigate if power of oscillatory activity would be involved in time perception without an explicit working memory component or confound of a motor response. Participants indicated through a button press whether the time between a tone and a visual stimulus was 1 or 1.5s. Critically, we focused on the differences in oscillatory activity in the alpha (~10 Hz) and beta (~20 Hz) ranges preceding correct versus incorrect temporal judgments. Behaviourally, we found participants made more errors on the long (1.5s) than on the short (1s) interval. In addition, we found that participants were fastest to correctly respond to a long interval. The onset of the tone induced a suppression of alpha and beta activity over occipital and parietal electrodes. In the long estimation intervals, this suppression was greater for correct than incorrect estimations. Interestingly, alpha and beta suppression allowed us to predict whether participants would judge the long interval correctly. For the short interval trials we did not find a significant difference in alpha or beta band activity for the correct and incorrect judgments. Taken together, our behavioural and EEG results suggest a multifaceted role of alpha and beta activity in the temporal estimation of sub- and supra-second intervals, where power increases seem to lead to temporal compression. Higher alpha and beta power resulted in shorter temporal judgments for sub-second intervals. Highlights Temporal judgments without motor confounds were studied with EEG. Alpha/beta activity differences for correct and incorrect temporal judgments. Sub-second intervals were judged as short when alpha/beta power was higher.
Next-generation sequencing yields the complete chloroplast genome of C. goeringii acc. smg222 and phylogenetic analysis

Abstract Spring orchid (Cymbidium goeringii) is one of the most important species belonging to Orchidaceae owing to its aesthetic appeal, fragrant flowers and ideal characteristics for using as a houseplant. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of Korean C. goeringii acc. smg222 was determined by Illumina sequencing. The circular double-stranded DNA of 148,441 bp consisted of two inverted repeat regions of 25,610 bp each, a large single copy region of 83,311 bp, and a small single copy region of 13,910 bp. The genome contained 122 genes, of which 104 were unique and 18 were duplicated within the IRs. The 104 unique genes included 70 protein-coding genes, 30 distinct tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that C. goeringii acc. smg222 was clustered with Cymbidium kanran, a cymbidium species native to Korea.
Influence of moisture, diameter and bark thickness of traps on the emergence behaviour of Chaetoptelius vestitus(Insecta, Coleoptera, Scolytidae

Chaetoptelius vestitus Muls. and Rey, Fuchs is a bark boring, engraver beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (Jaques, 1951; Balachowsky, 1963; Berryman, 1968). It is a serious agricultural pest, which attacks mainly twigs and branches of the Pistacia species. The C. vestitus larvae are feeding in the bark and subbark zone of the host branches (Russo, 1925a,b; 1926). After completing their development, the newly emerged adults perforate the barks and open exit tunnels. Studies on other genera of Scolytidae showed that insect development is affected by environmental conditions (Blackman, 1919; Smith, 1932; 1945; Wood, 1963; Cole & Shepherd, 1967; Stark & Dahlsten, 1970; Bright & Stark, 1973; Bright, 1976). However, there are no relevant studies referring to C. vestitus. In the present work, the influence of the inside moisture, diameter and bark thickness of host branch traps on the emergence and flight behaviour of new adults of C. vestitus was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Complete mitochondrial genome of the roe deer Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus (Cervidae) from Korea

Abstract We determined and annotated the whole mtDNA genome of the roe deer Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus in Korea. The complete mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,357 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions (L-strand replication origin and control region). The mitogenome is AT-biased, with a nucleotide composition of 33.5% A, 30.0% T, 23.2% C, and 13.4% G. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the Korean roe deer C. p. tianschanicus is placed within the genus Caprelous clade, which has the water deer of the genus Hydropotes as sister clade.
Advances in genomic strategies to improve growth and meat production traits in sheep: An overview

Growth and meat production traits (body weight at birth, 3-months and 6-months, eye muscle area, fat thickness, pre-weaning and post-weaning gains, average daily weight gain, chest girth, height at withers and shin circumference) are reviewed to know the relationship with the loci which are controlled by specific genes that are associated with these traits. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for different body and carcass weight traits are identified. Chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16, 18 and 20 are considered as candidate genomic regions for body weight and some major gene effects like transferrin gene on chromosome 1, Belgium Texel double muscling and myostatin (MSTN) gene on chromosome 2, growth effect around insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on chromosome 3, calpastatin gene on chromosome 5, leptin gene on chromosome 4, Booroola fecundity gene on chromosome 6, growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene in chromosome 16, callipyge effect and carawell muscle hypertrophy on chromosome 18 and MHC complex on chromosome 20 have been identified. High-throughput genotyping and next-generation sequencing technologies are the advanced techniques for the creation of the high-density SNP array as a tool for the genomic analysis of domestic animals. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection are the ultimate use of SNP array for the improvement of economically important traits. Hence, genome-wide sequencing is an advanced tool which may help in better selection of animal genetic resources. It may be used for applying molecular breeding strategies in genetic improvement programmes oflivestock.
Avian Community Response to Short-rotation Aspen Forest Management

Abstract In the upper midwestern US and parts of Canada, forests dominated by Populus tremuloides (Aspen) are increasingly being considered as a bioenergy feedstock for power plants. When used for bioenergy, these forests are harvested at much younger ages than when they are used for more traditional products, such as pulpwood and lumber. To better understand the potential consequences of a shift in shorter-rotation-harvest strategies on avian communities, we employed point counts to examine bird community composition in a chronosequence (10-45 y since harvest) of 12 coppiced, even-aged Aspen stands. Young (8-15 y old), middle (20-44 y old), and mature (45 y old) stands had no significant differences in species richness or relative abundance, but distinct avian community assemblages were associated with each stand-age class. Four bird species were significantly associated with a particular age class. Maintaining a wide range of Aspen stand-age classes in the landscape appears to be the best strategy for conserving a diverse bird community in this region.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension is Normalized Following Six Years of Inhaled Iloprost Treatment in a Patient with Systemic Sclerosis

Received:June 24, 2016, Revised:August 9, 2016, Accepted:September 2, 2016 Corresponding to:Chang-Hee Suh, Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 WorldCup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea. E-mail:chsuh@aumc.ac. kr Copyright c 2017 by The Korean College of Rheumatology. All rights reserved. This is a Free Access article, which permits unrestricted non-commerical use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Case Report pISSN: 2093-940X, eISSN: 2233-4718 Journal of Rheumatic Diseases Vol. 24, No. 2, April, 2017 https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2017. 24.2. 114
In silico screening of anti-malarial from Indonesian medicinal plants database to plasmepsin target

Objective: Malaria is a disease that impacts millions of people annually. Among the enzymes, plasmepsin is the main enzyme in the plasmodium life cycle that degrades hemoglobin during the erythrocytic phase in the food vacuole. Recently, pharmaceutical industries have been trying to develop therapeutic agents that can cure malaria through the discovery of new plasmepsin inhibitor compounds. One of the developing approaches is the in silico method. Methods: The chosen in silico screening method in this experiment is a structure-based screening using GOLD software and the Indonesian medicinal plants database. Results: From ten in silico screening runs, three of the compounds always ranked in the top ten. These three compounds are trimyristin, cyanidin 3,5-di-(6-malonylglucoside), and isoscutellarein 4’-methyl ether 8-(6”-n-butylglucuronide). Another compound that emerged with high frequency is cyanidin 3,5-di-(6-malonylglucoside) . Conclusions: Based on the results obtained from this screening, 11 inhibitor candidates are expected to be developed as antimalarial. These compounds are trimyristin; cyanidin 3,5-di-(6-malonylglucoside); isoscutellarein 4’-methyl ether 8-(6”-n-butylglucuronide); cyanidin 3-(6”-malonylglucoside)-5- glucoside; multifloroside; delphinidin 3-(2-rhamnosyl-6-malonylglucoside); delphinidin 3-(6-malonylglucoside)-3’,5’-di-(6-p-coumaroylglucoside); cyanidin 3-[6-(6-sinapylglucosyl)-2-xylosylgalactoside; kaempferol 3-glucosyl-(1-3)-rhamnosyl-(1-6)-galactoside; sanggenofuran A; and lycopene with a GOLD score range from 78.4647 to 98.2836. Two of them, Asp34 and Asp214, bind with all residues in the catalytic site of plasmepsin.
PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE VAR. RUBRUM) DENGAN KETOKONAZOL 2% SECARA IN VITRO

Latar Belakang : Infeksi Malassezia sp . Sering terjadi di daerah tropis karena kurangnya efektivitas obat antijamur, sehingga perlu antijamur alternatif. Penelitian ini menguji efek antijamur jahe merah. Senyawa alami ekstrak jahe merah ini diharapkan mampu mengatasi infeksi Malassezia sp. Tujuan : Menguji efektivitas ekstrak jahe merah dibanding ketokonazol 2% dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Malassezia sp. Metode : Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan post test only control group design . Jumlah sampel 35 media MH yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan. Tiga kelompok diantaranya diberikan ekstrak jahe merah dengan konsentrasi berturut 83%, 90%, 95%, 1 kelompok berupa MH dengan ketokonazol 2% dan 1 kelompok berupa media MH tanpa substansi antijamur (kontrol positif), dilanjutkan dengan menanam Malassezia sp. 0,5 McFarland . Sampel diinkubasi selama 24-48 jam pada suhu 34 o C. Analisis statistic menggunakan uji Kruskal- wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoct Mann-whitney . Hasil : Pertumbuhan Malassezia sp. didapatkan pada kelompok kontrol positif dan tidak didapatkan pada kelompok yang mengandung ekstrak jahe merah dan ketokonazol.Uji Kruskal-wallis dilanjutkan dengan Mann-whitney menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p= 0,000) antara kelompok kontrol positif dengan kelompok ekstrak jahe merah 83%,90%,dan 95% maupun kelompok ketokonazol 2% dan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p=1,000) diantara ekstrak jahe merah 83%, 90%, 95% dengan ketokonazol 2%. Kesimpulan : Ekstrak jahe merah memiliki efektivitas antijamur yang sama dengan ketokonazol 2%.
Interactions between wildfire and drought drive population responses of mammals in coastal woodlands

Fire is an ecologically important process in many habitats. Increases in the frequency and intensity of wildfires due to anthropogenic activity or future changes in the global climate are suspected to impact heavily on components of the biota in fire-dependent landscapes, but there is almost no knowledge of how changes to fire regimes interact with other stressors such as drying environments. We used livetrapping techniques to investigate the effects of wildfire and drought on the abundance of 3 species of small mammals in coastal woodland in southeastern Australia. We used a generalized linear mixed effects model design to compare 4 years of post-fire trapping results with pre-fire data on both burned and unburned sites. Numbers of all small mammal species were declining due to drought prior to an extensive wildfire. Wildfire significantly exacerbated the decline in abundance of small mammals in the year after fire. A return to wetter climatic conditions was accompanied by a recovery in small mammal numbers, which was faster in unburned sites than burned sites. Our results demonstrate a strong linkage between climatic conditions, fire, and mammal assemblages, and emphasize the need for long-term research to disentangle the interactive effects of these factors on wildlife.
STRATEGIES TO MODEL AND CIRCUMVENT ACQUIRED RESISTANCE TO THERAPEUTICS IN SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

ii Acknowledgements.iv List of Tables.viii List of Figures.ix Introduction.1 Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). 1 Genetic and Epigenetic Hallmarks of SCLC.3 Mechanisms of Cell Death.8 Chapter 1. Modeling Human Cancer in a Mouse Host: Applications of Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models.11 Chapter 1 Brevis.11 Maintaining Genetic and Epigenetic Integrity.12 Tumor Microenvironment Differences and Limitations.15 Considerations in Preclinical Experimental Design – Case Study of Sunitinib.19 Chapter 2. Epigenetic Silencing of SLFN11 Defines a Recurrent Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Chemotherapy in SCLC.27 Chapter 2 Brevis.27 Study Introduction.29 Materials and Methods.32 Results.50 Discussion.92 Chapter 3. Targeted Inhibition of BCL-2 Has Limited Utility in SCLC and Combined Inhibition of mTOR Shows Preclinical Synergy.97 Chapter 3 Brevis.97 Study Introduction.100