Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The chromatin remodeling protein ATRX is required for interneuron survival in the mammalian retina

ATRX is a SWI/SNF-like chromatin remodeling protein mutated in several Xlinked mental retardation syndromes. In addition to severe mental retardation, athalassemia and urogenital abnormalities, several vision defects are present in patients, although these have been greatly under reported. Upon closer examination, visual defects were noted in 23% of patients, with optic atrophy, pale disc and refractive errors being the most commonly reported abnormalities. We report here that Atrx is abundantly expressed in the neuroprogenitor pool during retinal differentiation as well as in all cell types of the mature retina with the exception of rod photoreceptors. To further investigate the impact of ATRX ablation on vision,, we used a conditional gene-targeting approach to generate transgenic mice in which inactivation of Atrx occurs under the control of the retina specific element of murine Pax6. Our results show that inactivation of Atrx results in a -25-30% reduction in amacrine and horizontal interneurons. The loss of amacrine and horizontal cells resulted from increased cell death in a period which corresponds with a change in Atrx nuclear localization and retinal synaptogenesis in these cell types. Furthermore, our work illustrates that Atrx inactivation is associated with attenuated bwave amplitude as measured by ERG analysis. Based on these findings it seems that ATRXmay play a critical role in the mediation of retinal synaptogenesis and that increased cell loss may contribute to the visual defect observed in ATR-Xpatients.
Effect of Drying Methods on Odorous Compounds and Antioxidative Activity of Gelatin Hydrolysate Produced by Protease from B. amyloliquefaciens H11

Gelatin hydrolysates with antioxidative activity produced by protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H11 with different hydrolysis times were prepared. Alpha-amino group content and antioxidative activities increased with increasing hydrolysis time (p < 0.05). When gelatin hydrolysate prepared with hydrolysis time of 3 h (GH-3H) was subjected to freeze drying and spray drying, the powder obtained from spray drying showed a decrease in antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and metal chelating activity. Spray-dried gelatin hydrolysate (GH-3H-SD) showed higher whiteness with lower fishy odor and off-odor associated with fermentation. This was concomitant with the decreases in several odorous compounds in the sample, except for nonanal, which was higher in comparison with the powder obtained by freeze drying. Thus, spray drying could be an effective drying method to improve color and reduce undesirable odor of gelatin hydrolysate.
The structure of saturated lithium– and potassium–ammonia solutions as studied by using neutron diffraction

The technique of isotopic substitution in neutron diffraction has been used to measure the structure of saturated solutions of lithium and potassium in ammonia. Isotopic substitution of *N by 15N, combined with difference analysis, shows that K+ acts as a “structure breaking” ion while Li+ acts as a “structure making” ion. As a consequence, it is only for the latter that we observe intermediate range order, in the form of a pre-peak at ∼1 A−1 in the k-space data. From our analysis, we also find that lithium is tetrahedrally coordinated by ammonia molecules, at both 230 and 100 K. Potassium, on the other hand, is octahedrally coordinated at 160 K.
Dynamic Scheduling for Ethylene Cracking Furnace System

The cracking furnace system is crucial for an olefin plant. Its operation needs to follow a predefined schedule to process various feeds continuously, meanwhile conducting a periodically decoking operation for each furnace when its performance apparently decreases. In practice, because the feed supply changes dynamically, the routine furnace scheduling is better performed in a dynamic and reactive way, through which the furnace operations can be smartly rescheduled with respect to any delivery of new coming feeds. Thus, the feeds from the new delivery and the leftover inventories can be timely, feasibly, and optimally allocated to different furnaces for processing to obtain the maximum average net profit per time. Facing this challenge, this paper develops a new MINLP-based reactive scheduling strategy, which can dynamically generate reschedules based on the new feed deliveries, the leftover feeds, and current furnace operating conditions. It simultaneously addresses all the major scheduling issues of a c.
Sorption of Helium and Nitrogen on Vycor Porous Glass

Sorption isotherms of 4He on Vycor porous glass have been measured at temperatures between 1.7 ° and 4.22 °K, and of nitrogen at 77.7 °K, using a specimen in which the flow of superfluid helium has already been investigated. In agreement with previous experiments with other substrates, the helium adsorption is found to be anomalous when treated by standard Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory. The data may be analysed to show directly, independently of any adsorption model, that a part at least of the helium is abnormally dense, which may be represented by an underlayer adjacent to the substrate of thickness 4.8 A and density 0.21 g cm-3, equivalent to between one and two layers of solid density. These data are used to show that a modified theory, based on the assumption of a BET adsorption build-up on top of the basic first layer of approximately solid density, fits the results correctly up to 30% of saturation pressure. The theory is used to derive values of the heat of adsorption and density of the first `modified BET layer', and of the isosteric heats of adsorption at higher coverages, which are compared with corresponding quantities in ordinary BET theory. The general character of the isotherms is similar to type IV of Brunauer's classification, with hysteresis. In helium, the size of the hysteresis loops is strongly dependent on temperature in a fashion not expected from a simple capillary condensation model. Hysteresis appears to be unaffected by the occurrence of superfluidity, but unexpectedly disappears at 4.22 °K. From the desorption branch of the hysteresis loops, values of the pore radius rK may be derived by application of the Kelvin vapour pressure equation. The values found are different for nitrogen and for helium at different temperatures, but in all cases are much smaller than the radius rA = 35.4 A calculated from nitrogen adsorption with BET theory. Taken in conjunction with previous nitrogen measurements on Vycor, these results indicate a clear trend towards increasing discrepancies (rA-rK) with increasing pore radius.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico and in vitro mode-of-action analysis of novel dihydropyrimidones targeting PPAR-γ

Hepatocellular carcinoma, a fatal liver cancer, affects 600 000 people annually and ranks third in cancer-related lethality. In this work we report the synthesis and related biological activity of novel dihydropyrimidones. Among the tested compounds, 5-acetyl-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (4g) was found to be most active towards the HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 17.9 μM), being at the same time 7.6-fold selective over normal (LO2) liver cells (IC50 = 136.9 μM). Subsequently, we identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ as a target of compound 4g using an in silico approach, and confirmed this mode-of-action experimentally.
Novel oxidation process of hydrogenated amorphous silicon utilizing nitrous oxide plasma

A novel oxidation process in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) using nitrous oxide (N2O) plasma was studied in detail for the first time. The N2O‐plasma oxidized a‐Si:H has an excellent interface whose interfacial defect density is largely reduced compared with the O2‐plasma oxidized a‐Si:H. It was elucidated that this oxide layer has almost stoichiometric composition and contains a small amount of N piling up at the interface between the oxide layer and a‐Si:H layer. It also turned out that this process has less ion damage than the O2‐plasma oxidation process. The reason for the reduction of the interfacial defect density is attributed to the presence of N at the interface and/or less ion damage in this process.
Functional and Sensory Effects of Fibre-rich Ingredients on Breakfast Fresh Sausages Manufacture

The functionality of alternative health ingredients in fresh British-style sausages was analysed. Citrus fibre extract and β-glucan rich ingredients were used as extenders in addition to the conventional wheat rusk. Compositional analysis, colour, water retention, cooking properties and sensory attributes were determined. Comparisons were established among the samples without filler (control) and samples extended with the ingredients, alone or in combination at 7% levels. The addition of any of those ingredients (alone or in combination) reduced the cooking loss and the shrinkage, and increased lightness (L *) in cooked sausages. Only wheat rusk did not show antioxidant effects in raw sausages, however after cooking, the only ingredient that kept their antioxidant effect was lemon albedo. Sausages containing oat and wheat rusk or oat, wheat rusk and albedo (together) showed the highest score in overall acceptance.
Diorganotin Derivatives of 2,6-dihydroxymethylpyridine and of 3-(n-pyrrolidino)-1,2-propanediol - Synthesis, Characterization and Invitro Antitumor-activity

Three diorganotin(IV) derivatives of 2, 6-dihydroxymethyl-pyridine and 3-(N-pyrrolidino)-1, 2-propanediol have been synthesized and characterized by Mossbauer spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and by H-1, C-13 and Sn-119 nmr. Their activities in vitro against two human tumor cell lines, MCF-7 and WiDr, are compared to those of cis-platin and doxorubicin.
A Comparison of Normal and Reversed Phase Columns in Oil Analysis by Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Four typical crude oil samples collected from the Junggar Basin of northwest China were analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) under different experimental conditions, which include normal phase column system (nonpolar × polar) and reversed phase column system (polar × nonpolar). A comparative study was conducted on the general chromatogram features, and chromatogram features of saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons. Analytical results show that the normal phase (NP) column system has higher resolution for the identification of high molecular weight polycyoalkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, while the reverse phase (RP) column system has higher separation on the saturate hydrocarbons, especially on medium-low molecular weight iso-alkanes and cycloalkanes. In addition, the RP system can also meet the separation requirements of aromatic compounds, by the extraction of diverse organic compounds by characteristic ions. Therefore, the RP system has special advantages in the analysis of medium-low molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds in crude oil, and can be applied more widely in the future besides the presently common use of the NP system.
Improvement in the bias stability of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors using an O2 plasma-treated insulator

The effects of an O2 plasma-treated SiNX-based insulator on the interfacial property and the device performances of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) were investigated. We tried to improve the interfacial characteristics by reducing the trap density between the SiNX gate insulator and a-IGZO channel by the O2 plasma treatment. The plasma treated-device performances were remarkably improved. The drastic improvements obtained for the O2 plasma-treated a-IGZO TFTs included excellent bias stability as well as a high field effect mobility (μFE) of 19.4 cm2/V s, an on/off current (ION/IOFF) of 108, and a subthreshold value (S) of 0.5 V/decade.
Comparative Studies of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Derived from Soybean Oil–Based Polyurethane and Cardanol m-Aminophenol Dye

Abstract Soybean oil and its polymeric products find a wide range of industrial applications due to their higher thermal stability and mechanical strength. Refined Soybean oil, on treatment with glycerol at 210°C in presence of litharge, produces mixed ester polyol (MEP). The probable structure of MEP was established by infrared (IR) spectra. A number of polyurethanes (PU) were synthesized from MEP and di-isocyanates like diphenyl methane di-isocyanate (DPMDI), hexamethylene di-isocyanate (HMDI), and toluene-2,4-di-isocyanate (TDI). Then interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were synthesized from PU and cardanol meta aminophenol (CMAP) dye using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) as the cross-linking agent and benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. The thermal behavior of the IPNs was examined. Morphology was studied by scanning electron microscope.
Apparent Molar Volume of Adsorbed-State Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on the Polystyrene/Water Interface

A model is proposed to describe the molar volume changes of adsorbed materials on solid/liquid or liquid/liquid interfaces. The model divides the volume of a two-phase system into three subvolumes: two of them are for the homogeneous phases with volumes calculated from the partial molar volumes of the components in the phases and the third volume arises as the difference between the volume of the real system and the joint volume of the calculated phase volumes. It is shown that this third volume can be further separated into two parts: one of them is always present and resulting from the interaction of the two phases and the other originates from the inhomogeneous distribution of an adsorbing component in the interfacial range of the two phases. High-precision liquid density measurements have also been performed on systems containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDDS) dissolved both in water and in polystyrene dispersions with a water medium. From these measurements the apparent molar volume of the SDDS was calculated both in water and in a mixed solvent which in this special case is the dispergated particles with the water medium. This adsorption model is used for the interpretation of the data on the basis of which the apparent molar volume of SDDS in the adsorbed state on the polystyrene/water interface has been obtained as a function of the equilibrium concentration of SDDS in the bulk water. The resulted apparent molar volume function of SDDS in the adsorbed state is interpretable by different types of hydrophobic interactions.
Influence of 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl) pyridine and dicyandiamide on nitrous oxide emission under different soil conditions

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin) and dicyandiamide on nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas, emission from soils amended with ammonium sulfate. In the two experiments, samples of an Andosol and a Gray Lowland soil were kept in glass vessels sealed with a butyl rubber cap and incubated at 25°C. In the first experiment, nitrapyrin (1 µg g−1 dry soil) and dicyandiamide (10 µg g−1 dry soil) were applied to samples of a water-saturated Andosol and a Gray Lowland soil to which ammonium sulfate had been applied at a rate of 0.1 mg N g−1 dry soil. Nitrapyrin decreased N2O emissions from the Andosol and the Gray Lowland soil by 71% and 24%, respectively. Dicyandiamide decreased N2O emissions from the Andosol and Gray Lowland soil by 31% and 18%, respectively. In the second experiment, nitrapyrin (1 µg g−1 dry soil) was applied to samples of an Andosol at 51% water-filled pore space to which ammonium sulfate had been applied at rates of 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg N g−1 dry soil. Nitrapyrin decreased N2O emissions by 62%, 83% and 74%, respectively. Changes in the NH+ 4 and NO− 2 + NO− 3 concentrations in soil showed that nitrapyrin and dicyandiamide slowed down the nitrification process, but did not completely stop the process at any time. The results reveal the potential of nitrification inhibitors to decrease N2O emission from fertilized soil in a wide range of moisture conditions and nitrogen levels.
Analysis of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Milk Using Electronic Nose System

Abstract Volatile flavor compounds from milk were analyzed and identified by using the analysis methods of headspace solid phase microex-traction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HSPME-GC/MS) and electronic nose (E-Nose) system. About 30 volatile compoundswere identified by HSPME-GC/MS for the fresh and off-flavor milk samples. Also, the correlation between rancidity and ageing daysof milk was obtained by the aid of principal component analysis algorithm. It shows that the E-Nose system can identify the varioustypes of milk flavor. These results imply that the analysis method based on the E-nose system can apply to the quality control of milkflavor and the rancidity.Keywords: Electronic nose, Milk, GC/MS, Solid phase microextraction 1. 서론 우유는 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방 등과 같은 고유의 영양성분 외에도 다양한 영양성분이 함유되어 있어 건강유지 및 영양보충을 위해 모두가 쉽게 이용하는 중요한 식품 중의 하나로서 최근에는 품질을 높이기 위해 저지방 우유, 가공유 등의 다양한종류의 우유도 개발되어 시판되고 있다[1-3]. 이러한 영양적인면이 소비자가 우유를 선택하는데 있어 중요한 요소로 작용하기도 하지만, 우유의 향미 또한 중요한 우유선택의 중요한 면이며, 품질을 평가할 수 있는 요인 중 하나이기도 하다. 영양성분에 대해서는 이미 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔지만, 향미를 좌우하는 우유의 휘발성 향기성분에 대한 정량적인 연구는 아직도 부족한 상황이다[4-6]. 우유에는 수백 가지의 유기화합물들이 존재하나, 다른 식품에 비해 향기성분의 함량이 매우 적다. 따라서 이러한 우유의 휘발성 향기성분을 분석하기 위해서는 추출하는데 어려움이 따르고, GC/MS와 같은 고가의 분석기기가 필요하다. 이러한 이유로 인하여 우유 향기성분 분석에 대한 연구들이 부족하다고 판단된다. 최근에 Valero 그룹은 우유의 저장기간 중의 향기성분의 변화를 Purge and Trap 및 GC/MS를 사용하여 분석하였다[1,7]. 또한 Toso 등은 우유의 휘발성 향기성분을 dynamic headspace법을 이용해 GC/MS로 분석하였다[2]. 그러나 최근에는 비교적간단하고 추출효과가 좋은 headspace solid-phase microextraction(HSPME)법이 향기성분을 추출하는데 널리 활용되고 있으며, 품질평가를 위해 활용할 수 있는 다양한 시스템도 많이 개발되고있다[2,8]. 본 연구에서는Hanyang University. 55 Hanyangdaehak -ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi- 우유의 정량적인 분석은 어려우나, 시료간의차이점을 정성적인 방법으로 판단 할 수 있는 화학센서 어레이를 장착한 전자코(electronic nose)시스템을 이용하여 우유의Chonbuk National University) 보관 조건 및 시간에 따른 시료의 품질 평가가 가능함을 보여주었다. 또한, 동일한 시료에 대하여 HSPME-GC/MS 분석방법을적용하여 우유의 휘발성 향기 성분을 정량적으로 분석하여 전자코 분석방법을 실험적으로 검증하였다. 전자코 시스템은 생체후각 기관을 모방하여 제작한 것으로 감지능이 다른 여러 개의가스센서를 이용해 동시에 측정된 감응 신호를 이용하여 시료간의 차이점을 패턴인식 프로그램을 통하여 정성적인 방식으로
Photochemical preparation of Cd/CdS photocatalysts and their efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation

Metal Cd can serve as an analogue of cocatalysts loaded on CdS to separate electrons and holes to significantly enhance the efficiency of CdS photocatalytic hydrogen production. A series of Cd/CdS photocatalysts were synthesized at various molar ratios of CdSO4 and Na2S2O3·5H2O in the presence of simulated solar irradiation. Superior photocatalytic activities relative to that of pure CdS were observed on the Cd/CdS photocatalysts. When the optimal molar ratio R of Na2S2O3·5H2O to cadmium salt is 7, it results in a high average H2-production rate of 1753 μmol h−1. Possible mechanisms for both the formation and the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Cd/CdS were proposed on the basis of theoretical speculation and experimental observations. Most of all, this work highlights that (i) Cd/CdS leads to an improvement in the photocatalytic activity for H2 generation; and (ii) adding Na2S2O3·5H2O into the solution containing cadmium ions to prepare Cd/CdS can effectively remove cadmium ions.
Heavy metal content in edible salts in Isfahan and estimation of their daily intake via salt consumption

Aims: In this study, the heavy metal contamination of consumable table salt, both unrefined and refined, was investigated. The provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of heavy metals just by edible salt, of the Isfahan population, was also estimated. Materials and Methods: Twenty samples of salt, including 15 refined and five unrefined were analyzed. Precision of the analysis was assured through repeated analysis of the five samples, which had a great demand in the city. The heavy metal content in the samples was analyzed with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The PTWI of the metals was calculated by a formula and by using the Iranian average body weight. Results: The mean and standard deviations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), in refined table salts were 0.15 ± 0.02, 0.57 ± 0.1, 0.69 ± 0.09, 0.061 ± 0.008, 0.87 ± 0.11, and 6.34 ± 1.08 μg/g, and those in the unrefined ones were 0.16 ± 0.02, 0.61 ± 0.13, 0.63 ± 0.07, 0.058 ± 0.004, 0.86 ± 0.06, and 7.53 ± 2.93 μg/g, respectively. A PTWI via salt consumption was in the range of 0.8 - 3.1 percent. Conclusions: There was a significant difference between the heavy metal concentrations and their guideline values. Estimation of the health risk due to heavy metals was not possible as PTWI showed total intake of a metal by total food consumption during a week. Therefore, it was important to assess the public health risks arising from the presence of these toxic contaminants in the foods consumed by the population of Iran.
University Online Cheating -- How to Mitigate the Damage.

The delivery of online university courses has continued to grow for more than a decade. New advances in technology have made the efficient delivery of courses possible, as well as increasing the collections of tools for students to cheat. Cheating results in the atrophy of the student’s academic integrity, it has the potential to damage a university’s reputation, it causes employers to lose faith in the competencies of graduates, and it wastes the large amounts of time and resources that have been devoted to the development of new knowledge and skills that are not subsequently obtained. As new technological tools are introduced to improve the delivery of courses, there has been a similar increase in the proliferation of methods for students to cheat. This article examines the history and motivations for cheating and the proliferating number of entrepreneurs and products available to assist students in completing their courses in ways that compromise academic integrity. Solutions are examined that offer alternatives for developing and enforcing academic integrity policies and preventing the occurrence of online cheating.
First attempt to monitor atmospheric glyoxal using differential absorption lidar

Glyoxal (CHOCHO), as an indicator of photochemical “hot spots”, was for the first time the subject of a differential absorption lidar (DIAL) campaign. The strongest absorption line of glyoxal in the blue wavelength region – 455.1 nm – was chosen as the experimental absorption wavelength. In order to handle the effects of absorption cross-section variation of the interfering gas – nitrogen dioxide (NO2) – three-wavelength DIAL measurements simultaneously detecting glyoxal and NO2, were performed. The differential absorption curves, recorded in July 2012, indicate an extremely low glyoxal concentration in Lund, Sweden, although it is expected to be peaking at this time of the year.
Novel attenuated total internal reflectance spectroscopic cell using infrared fibers for aqueous solutions

Silver halide (AgCl:AgBr) fibers were used as the light conductor for total internal reflection measurements in a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, to obtain spectra of aqueous solutions. The use of optical fibers in an attenuated total reflectance type cell with an FTIR spectrometer was demonstrated for the first time. Spectra of acetone in water and of glycine in water were acquired with the cell.