Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical differences among mild cognitive impairment subtypes in Parkinson's disease

Mild cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a construct in Parkinson's disease (PD) and occurs in about 25% of nondemented PD patients. Although executive dysfunction is the most frequent type of cognitive deficit in PD, the cognitive phenotype of PD mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI) is broad. PD‐MCI subtypes are represented by amnestic and nonamnestic domain impairment as well as single‐ and multiple‐domain impairment. However, it is unclear whether patients with different PD‐MCI subtypes also differ in other clinical characteristics in addition to cognitive profile. We studied 128 PD‐MCI subjects at our Movement Disorders center, comparing clinical, motor, and behavioral characteristics across the PD‐MCI subtypes. We found varying proportions of impairment subtypes: nonamnestic single domain, 47.7%; amnestic multiple domain, 24.2%; amnestic single domain, 18.8%; and nonamnestic multiple domain, 9.5%. Attentional/executive functioning and visuospatial abilities were the most frequently impaired domains. PD‐MCI subtypes differed in their motor features, with nonamnestic multiple‐domain PD‐MCI subjects showing particularly pronounced problems with postural instability and gait. Differences among PD‐MCI subtypes in age, PD duration, medication use, mood or behavioral disturbances, and vascular disease were not significant. Thus, in addition to differing cognitive profiles, PD‐MCI subtypes differed in motor phenotype and severity but not in mood, behavioral, or vascular comorbidities. Greater postural instability and gait disturbances in the nonamnestic multiple‐domain subtype emphasize shared nondopaminergic neural substrates of gait and cognition in PD. Furthermore, increased burden of cognitive dysfunction, rather than type of cognitive deficit, may be associated with greater motor impairment in PD‐MCI. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Modified gain intervention refinement filter and multiobjective particle swarm optimization based local detail enhancement technique

Image enhancement plays an important role in improving the quality of the poor image. Most of existing image enhancement approaches suffer from the problems of color distortion, edge preservation, and halo artifacts. In this paper, an effective local image enhancement technique for remotely sensed images is proposed to enhance the spectral details. The proposed technique utilizes Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to enhance the spatial information of the image. Also, PSO based enhancement will be followed by the modified gain intervention refinement filter, to reduce the gradient reversal artifacts and halo artifacts. More distinctively, the proposed PSO based enhancement utilizes the sigmoid function and the local histogram to maximize the spatial information. The proposed technique is compared with some well-known image enhancement approaches. The comparative analysis has clearly proven that the result produced by proposed technique has natural contrast and rich spectral details without introducing halo and gradient reversal artifacts.
Induction of parkinsonism‐related proteins in the spinal motor neurons of transgenic mouse carrying a mutant SOD1 gene

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive and fatal disease caused by selective death of motor neurons, and a number of these patients carry mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene involved in ameliorating oxidative stress. Recent studies indicate that oxidative stress and disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis is a common mechanism for motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the loss of midbrain dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the present study investigated the presence and alterations of familial Parkinson's disease‐related proteins, PINK1 and DJ‐1, in spinal motor neurons of G93ASOD1 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Following onset of disease, PINK1 and DJ‐1 protein expression increased in the spinal motor neurons. The activated form of p53 also increased and translocated to the nuclei of spinal motor neurons, followed by increased expression of p53‐activated gene 608 (PAG608). This is the first report demonstrating that increased expression of PAG608 correlates with activation of phosphorylated p53 in spinal motor neurons of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model. These results provide further evidence of the profound correlations between spinal motor neurons of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism‐related proteins. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vincristine and ɛ-viniferine-loaded PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles: pharmaceutical characteristics, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity

Abstract The objective of this study was to prepare the ɛ-viniferine and vincristine-loaded PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticle and to investigate advantages of these formulations on the cytotoxicity of HepG2 cells. Prepared nanoparticle has shown a homogeneous distribution with 113 ± 0.43 nm particle size and 0.323 ± 0.01 polydispersity index. Zeta potential was determined as −35.03 ± 1.0 mV. The drug-loading percentages were 6.01 ± 0.23 and 2.01 ± 0.07 for ɛ-viniferine and vincristine, respectively. The cellular uptake efficiency of coumarin-6-loaded nanoparticles was increased up to 87.8% after 4 h. Nanoparticles loaded with high concentrations of both drugs showed a cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells, having the percentage of cell viability of between 43.23% and 47.37%. Unfortunately, the percentage of apoptotic cells after treated with drugs-loaded nanaoparticles (10.93%) was similar to free forms of drugs (12.1%) that might be due to low ɛ-viniferine release in biological pH at 24 h.
PKR is activated by cellular dsRNAs during mitosis and acts as a mitotic regulator

dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) plays a key role in innate immunity. PKR binds viral dsRNA and undergoes autophosphorylation, which leads to translational repression and signaling pathway modulation in infected cells. Kim et al. now show that PKR is activated during mitosis in uninfected cells. PKR interacts with dsRNAs formed by inverted Alu repeats, which become accessible to PKR during mitosis. Phosphorylated PKR then suppresses translation and coordinates mitosis. This study unveils a novel function of PKR and endogenous dsRNA mitosis in uninfected cells.
Lie-Poisson structure on some Poisson Lie groups

Poisson Lie groups appeared in the work of Drinfel'd (see, e.g., [Drl, Dr2]) as classical objects corresponding to quantum groups. Going in the other direction, we may say that a Poisson Lie group is a group of symmetries of a phase space that are allowed to "twist," in a certain sense, the symplectic or Poisson structure. The Poisson structure on the group controls this twisting in a precise way. Quantizing both the phase space and the symmetries, one may obtain a quantum group acting on a quantum phase space. In recent work, Lu and Ratiu [LR] used so-called standard Poisson structures on a compact semisimple Lie group K and on its Poisson dual K* in order to give a new proof of the nonlinear convexity theorem of Kostant [Ko]. Their method is analogous to the famous symplectic proof of the linear convexity theorem given by Atiyah [A] and Guillemin and Stemnberg [GS]. The nonlinear convexity theorem, like the linear one, follows from a very general result on convexity of the image of the momentum map [A, GS]; however, in [LR] it is applied not to a coadjoint orbit in t*, but to a symplectic leaf in K* . The main result of this paper is that the standard Poisson structure on the Poisson dual K* to a compact semisimple Poisson Lie group K is actually isomorphic to the linear one on t* . This theorem seems to be related to some facts in the theory of quantum groups. Namely, (for generic q) the universal enveloping algebra U(t) and its quantum deformation Uq(t) are isomorphic as algebras (though not as coalgebras, of course, since the quantum version is not cocommutative). In particular, there is a bijective correspondence between their representations. A direct connection between our work and its quantum analogues, though, is still to be found. The present work supplies a positive answer to Question 5.1 in [LR] and strongly depends on that paper. To simplify reading, we keep the notations of [LR] wherever possible, on one hand, but give all necessary definitions, on the other. Our work is also related to [Du], in which the nonlinear convexity theorem is reduced to the linear one by a deformation argument not unlike the one that we use in ? 5. The paper is organized as follows. In ? 2 we define Poisson Lie groups, discuss
Progress towards 3D-printed mechatronic systems

Most additive manufacturing (referred to as 3D printing henceforth) is applied to the creation of static structures. This severely restricts the scope of 3D printing techniques. To be sure, 3D printing can build structures in many different materials including plastics, metals and ceramics. This severely Nevertheless, monolithic structures are the rule of the day and the prospect of 3D-printed multi-material structures are still a research problem. In this paper, we look further to expanding the capabilities of 3D printing to manufacturing full mechatronic systems - specifically electric motor and their supporting electronics. We have taken preliminary steps towards this goal presented here - if fully successful, it will demonstrate that additive manufacturing constitutes a universal constructor in the von Neumann sense.
Carrier-Based Modulation Technique for Matrix Converter

This paper presents a carrier-based modulation method for a matrix converter. By using the offset voltage and changing the slope of carrier, it is possible to synthesize the sinusoidal input currents with the unity power factor and desired output voltages. The proposed method is equivalent to the so called space vector pulsewidth modulation method. The proposed method uses a new point of view to understand the matrix converter modulation method such as the voltage source inverter (VSI) modulation method. Using the proposed method, this paper presents the two-phase/three-phase modulation method and dynamic/steady-state overmodulation method for the matrix converter. These methods are well developed in the study of a VSI. By the proposed steady-state overmodulation method, it is possible to synthesize the fundamental component of output voltage to be equal to that of input voltage at the cost of some distortion of input current. The feasibility of the proposed modulation method has been verified by a computer simulation and experimental results. These results show that the proposed carrier-based modulation method can be implemented easily without any tables. It can be used for the application where a higher voltage transfer ratio is essential
Forgetting motor programmes: Retrieval dynamics in procedural memory

When motor sequences are stored in memory in a categorised manner, selective retrieval of some sequences can induce forgetting of the non-retrieved sequences. We show that such retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) occurs not only in cued recall but also in a test assessing memory indirectly by providing novel test cues without involving recall of items. Participants learned several sequential finger movements (SFMs), each consisting of the movement of two fingers of either the left or the right hand. Subsequently, they performed retrieval practice on half of the sequences of one hand. A final task then required participants to enter letter dyads. A subset of these dyads corresponded to the previously learned sequences. RIF was present in the response times during the entering of the dyads. The finding of RIF in the slowed-down execution of motor programmes overlapping with initially trained motor sequences suggests that inhibition resolved interference between procedural representations of the acquired motor sequences of one hand during retrieval practice.
APE-GAN: Adversarial Perturbation Elimination with GAN

Although Deep Neural Networks could achieve state-of-the-art performance while recongnizing images, they often suffer a tremendous defeat from adversarial examples–inputs generated by utilizing imperceptible but intentional perturbations to samples from the datasets. So far, very few methods have provided a significant defense to adversarial examples. In this paper, an effective framework based Generative Adversarial Nets(GAN) is proposed to defense against the adversarial examples. The essense of the model is to eliminate the adversarial perturbations being highly aligned with the weight vectors of nueral models. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets MNIST, CIFAR10 and ImageNet indicate that our framework is able to defense against adversarial examples effectively.
Incipient fault feature extraction method of gearbox based on wavelet package and PCA

A fault feature extraction model based on the PCA and wavelet packet is proposed to describe the characteristics of gearbox fault feature, which is expressed by low amplitude of the vibration signals, and easy to be disturbed by system and noise. Firstly, the PCA is used to reduce the correlation between the data dimension and the data. Then, the gearbox signals are decomposed by wavelet packet, and reconstructed based on the frequency bandwidth characteristics. After choosing those main frequency band which reflects the change of signal caused by the fault, and normalizing the selected frequency band, then the fault characteristic value is obtained. Finally, the vibration signal of the gearbox is treated as an example to verify the effectiveness of the method. The comparative analysis shows that the combination of PCA and wavelet packet is more effective than the wavelet packet.
Full-Duplex Quasi-Gapless Carrier Aggregation Using FBMC in Centralized Radio-Over-Fiber Heterogeneous Networks

Filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC) is proposed to demonstrate a full-duplex asynchronous quasi-gapless (only one subcarrier spacing) carrier aggregation for millimeter-wave (MMW) radio-over-fiber radio access technology (RAT) in next-generation 5G heterogeneous mobile-data-network (Het-Net). Fourteen broadband FBMC signals are aggregated with only one subcarrier guard band in the 60-GHz MMW downlink. In the uplink quasi-gapless asynchronous inter-RAT carrier aggregation between 60-GHz MMW and 4G long-term evolution (LTE) signals are also demonstrated. System performances assessment of FBMC and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) under different operation condition are studied. Our results also show that the FBMC-based new RAT is also backward compatible with existing LTE systems in the Het-Net. Compared with OFDM-based signals with large guard bands, FBMC achieves higher spectral efficiency with better error vector magnitude performance at less received power and smaller guard bands.
Some algorithms for prime testing using generalized Lehmer functions

Let N be an odd integer thought to be prime. The properties of special functions which are generalizations of the functions of Lehmer (Ann. of Math., v. 31, 1930, pp. 419-448) are used to develop algorithms that produce information con- cerning the possible prime divisors of N. It is shown how the factors of N + 1, N2 + 1, N2 ? N + 1, together with the factor bounds on these numbers, may all be used to calculate lower bounds for the possible prime divisors of N. Frequently, these bounds are large enough that N may be shown to be prime. These tests were implemented on an IBM/370-158 computer and run on the pseudoprime divisors of the first 385 Fibonacci and Lucas numbers.
The taxonomy and evolution of technology strategies: a study of Taiwan's high-technology-based firms

The purpose of this paper is to study the strategic technology choices of Taiwan's high-technology-based firms and their impacts on performance. Cluster analyses were used to classify the firms into different groups based on four strategic tradeoffs, including the balance of product mix, the degree of research and development involvement, the breadth of technology scope, and the institutional sources of innovation. Six distinct technology strategies were then derived statistically; they were classified as opportunistic subcontractors, plural marketers, technological explorers, focused branders, hierarchical controllers, and professional subcontractors. Our study demonstrated that most of the firms remain in the same technology group over time. Yet, shifts in the firms' technology strategies are likely, notably the movement to the groups of opportunistic subcontractors and professional subcontractors. We also found that a relatively large group of firms shifted their strategies from groups of hierarchical controllers and professional subcontractors to the opportunistic subcontractors group, and from the plural marketers group to the focused branders group. In terms of profit differentials of technology groups, we found that, during an economic boom, technological explorers and focused branders had higher financial performance. In an economic recession, hierarchical controllers and professional subcontractors maintained higher profit margins. Conversely, throughout the period of study, opportunistic subcontractors had consistently poor financial performance.
A Simple Test for Measuring Platelet Aggregation

Summary A simple method of measuring platelet aggregation is described which is suitable as a screening test in studies of haemostasis. This test is based on the phenomenon that blood platelets present in blood in the form of aggregates, are more rapidly deposited during centrifugation than platelets present in dispersed form. A comparative study was made of platelet concentration in the supernatant plasma of slowly centrifuged EDTA-blood, heparinized blood and heparinized blood mixed with ADP (end concentration 4.5 μg/ml). As expected, the platelet concentration was always highest in the EDTA-plasma because EDTA prevents platelet aggregation and disperses platelet aggregates if already present. The difference in platelet count between EDTA-plasma and heparin-ADP, expressed as per cents of the count in EDTA-plasma, was called ADP-aggregation. The ADP-aggregation exceeded 79% in 35 normal subjects. It was lower than 79% in 6 of 9 von Willebrand patients, 11 of 13 relatives of these patients and 7 of 8 uraemic patients. The percentual difference in platelet concentration between EDTA-plasma and heparinized plasma was called spontaneous aggregation. This was significantly lower in von Willebrand patients and their relatives than in the control group. By comparing all groups of patients collectively with the normal control group, an even more marked difference in spontaneous aggregation was found.
Lack of relationship between 174G_C promoter polymorphism of the IL-6 gene and indices of metabolic syndrome in non-obese healthy subjects.

INTRODUCTION Homozygosity for interleukin-6 (IL-6) 174G_C promoter polymorphism has recently been associated with indices of metabolic syndrome; however, this problem has not been investigated in non-obese subjects. The aim of this study was to explore the relation between abdominal fat distribution and some inflammatory risk factors of atheromatosis and IL-6 174G_C gene polymorphism in non-obese healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relationships were investigated between anthropometric variables, i.e. weight, height, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat distribution (DXA), serum CRP and IL-6, insulin sensitivity/resistance indices, and IL-6 174G_C gene polymorphism, in healthy non-obese Polish subjects: 232 women (age 31.4 +/- 5.5 years) and 199 men (age 30.3 +/- 6.0 years). RESULTS The genetic study revealed that the CC genotype was observed in 15.56% of subjects, the CG genotype in 52.74%, and the GG genotype in 31.7%. IL-6 and CRP concentration did not differ among the genotypes. There were also no differences regarding BMI and WHR. The only differences among genotypes, observed only in men, were those concerning total fat (CC had higher fat content than CG and GG); the difference being statistically significant between CC and GG (p < 0.05), and gynoidal fat deposit (CC had higher gynoidal fat deposit than CG and GG); the difference being statistically significant between CC and GG (p < 0.025) and between CC and CG (p < 0.05). Biochemical parameters and insulin sensitivity did not differ among the genotypes. CONCLUSIONS These data show that IL-6 174G_C polymorphism is not associated with features describing metabolic syndrome in nonobese healthy subjects.
VLDLR Gene Polymorphism Associated with Abdominal Fat in Gaoyou Domestic Duck Breed

VLDLR gene was chosen as a candidate gene influencing abdominal fat trait and body weight due to previous studies in human and mouse. Herein, the objectives of this study were to identify genetic polymorphisms of duck VLDLR gene, and to analyze association between combined haplotypes and abdominal fat trait in Gaoyou domestic duck. A total of 207 individuals, including the elite reservation farm Gaoyou duck (FG, n = 50), the newly formed Gaoyou duck (NG, n = 54), the reserve area Gaoyou duck (AG, n = 50), and Hybrid duck (HY, n = 53) were used for study. In this paper, one genomic fragment was sequenced in all ducks encompassing a region from exon 14 to exon 16. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and three insertions/deletions (indels) were identifi ed. Based on the above eight SNPs, 11 haplotypes were identified. Th e H1 was the most common haplotype in AG, FG, and HY populations, which occurred at a frequency of more than 41%. Statistical analysis indicated that four combined haplotypes were associated with body weight at 10 weeks (BW10) (P < 0.05) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP) (P < 0.01) in Gaoyou FG and AG joint population. Th is result suggested that the VLDLR gene could be a potential gene influencing abdominal fat trait and body weight and may be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Effects of Oral Iron(III) Hydroxide Polymaltose Complex Supplementation on Hemoglobin Increase, Cognitive Function, Affective Behavior and Scholastic Performance of Adolescents with Varying Iron Status

Abstract Objective: To assess the effects of iron supplementation on iron status, cognitive function, affective behavior and scholastic performance in adolescents with varying iron status. Methods: Adolescents of both sexes with varying iron status were allocated to four treatment groups by using inclusion criteria. Three of the four groups (iron deficient anemic, iron deficient and control supplement) received iron(III) hydroxide polymaltose complex (IPC, Mal-tofer®) containing 100 mg of elemental iron 6 days a week for 8 months, while the fourth group (control placebo) was given a placebo. Hematological parameters, cognitive function, affective behavior and scholastic performance were assessed at baseline, 4 months and 8 months of supplementation. Results: Cognitive and scholastic performance test scores for the three supplemented groups increased from baseline to 4 months and from 4 months to 8 months (with concomitant increases in hematological parameters), whereas no increase was observed in the placebo group. No increase was seen in affective behavior scores for any of the groups during or after supplementation. Conclusions: IPC supplementation for eight months yielded significant improvements in cognitive function and scholastic performance in Indian adolescents with and without iron deficiency and anemia.