Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atomic Conversion Reaction Mechanism of WO3 in Secondary Ion Batteries

Conversion reaction is one of the most important chemical processes in energy storage such as lithium ion batteries. While it is generally assumed that the conversion reaction is initiated by ion intercalation into the electrode material, solid evidence of intercalation and the subsequent transition mechanism to conversion remain elusive. Here, using well-defined WO3 single crystalline thin films grown on Nb doped SrTiO3(001) as a model electrode, we elucidate the conversion reaction mechanisms during Li+, Na+ and Ca2+ insertion into WO3 by in situ transmission electron microscopy studies. Intercalation reactions are explicitly revealed for all ion insertions. With corroboration from first principle molecular simulations, it is found that, beyond intercalation, ion-oxygen bonding destabilize the W framework, which gradually collapses to pseudo-amorphous structure. In addition, we show the interfacial tensile strain imposed by the SrTiO3 substrate can preserve the structure of an ultra-thin layer of WO3, offering a possible engineering solution to improve the cyclability of electrode materials. This study provides a detailed atomistic picture on the conversion-type electrodes in secondary ion batteries.
Absorption Enhancement for Ultrathin Solar Fuel Devices with Plasmonic Gratings

We present a concept for an ultrathin solar fuel device with a nanostructured back-contact. Using rigorous simulations, we show that the nanostructuring significantly increases the absorption in the semiconductor, CuBi2O4 in this case, by 47% (5.2 mA cm–2) through the excitation of plasmonic modes. We are able to attribute the resonances in the device to metal–insulator–metal plasmons coupled to either localized surface plasmon resonances or surface plasmon polaritons. Rounding applied to the metallic corners leads to a blue shift in the resonance wavelength while maintaining absorption enhancement, thus supporting the possibility for a successful realization of the device. For a 2D array, the tolerance of the polarization-dependent absorption enhancement is investigated and compared to a planar structure. The device maintains an absorption enhancement up to incident angles of 75°. The study highlights the high potential for plasmonics in ultrathin optoelectronic devices such as in solar fuel generation.
L2 Gain And Passivity Techniques In Nonlinear Control

Thank you very much for downloading l2 gain and passivity techniques in nonlinear control. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this l2 gain and passivity techniques in nonlinear control, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.
Application of Stochastic Petri Nets and Gillespie Algorithm to biological systems

Current modeling, simulation and analysis of biological systems are mainly performed by continuous deterministic models. However, cellular behaviors are stochastic, the deterministic models cannot fully explain the biological systems, and the study of stochastic behaviors in the cell could help to understand the organization, design and evolution of the cell. Stochastic Petri Nets are ideal tools for stochastic modeling. In the present paper, we study the modeling and quantitative analysis of biological systems with Stochastic Petri Nets. After a brief description of Stochastic Petri Nets theory, we first construct Stochastic Petri Nets models for several typical biological systems: a cycle reaction system, a transcriptional regulation system and the actin filament elongation and branching system. Then, we simulate the evolution for the state of these biological Stochastic Petri Nets models with Gillespie algorithm.
A Performance Comparison of Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols

Ad Hoc network consists of a collection of wireless nodes, all of which may be mobile; dynamically create a self organizing network without using any network infrastructure or administrative support. Due to the limited transmission range of the mobile nodes, multiple network hops may be needed for the node to forward packets for other nodes in the network that may not be within direct wireless transmission range of each other. Therefore,each mobile node in the network operates not only as a host but also as a router. A number of routing protocols have been proposed for Ad Hoc network. This paper will introduce four typical protocols: DSDV, TORA, DSR and AODV briefly, model an Ad Hoc network in detail and present the result of the simulation.
Introduction To Advanced System On Chip Test Design And Optimization

Thank you for reading introduction to advanced system on chip test design and optimization. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this introduction to advanced system on chip test design and optimization, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.
Probing ferroelectricity in highly conducting materials through their elastic response: Persistence of ferroelectricity in metallic 
BaTiO3−δ

The question whether ferroelectricity (FE) may coexist with a metallic or highly conducting state, or rather it must be suppressed by the screening from the free charges, is the focus of a rapidly increasing number of theoretical studies and is finally receiving positive experimental responses. The issue is closely related to the thermoelectric and multiferroic (also magnetic) applications of FE materials, where the electrical conductivity is required or spurious. In these circumstances, the traditional methods for probing ferroelectricity are hampered or made totally ineffective by the free charges, which screen the polar response to an external electric field. This fact may explain why more than 40 years passed between the first proposals of FE metals and the present experimental and theoretical activity. The measurement of the elastic moduli, Young's modulus in the present case, versus temperature is an effective method for studying the influence of doping on a FE transition because the elastic properties are unaffected by electrical conductivity. In this manner, it is shown that the FE transitions of BaTiO3-d are not suppressed by electron doping through O vacancies; only the onset temperatures are depressed, but the magnitudes of the softenings, and hence of the piezoelectric activity, are initially even increased.
The Eyes Never Lie: The Use of Eyetracking Data in HCI Research

Recent technology developments have made eye-tracking systems more affordable and less cumbersome. Many members of the HCI community will therefore consider employing this method in usability research and assessment. This paper, provides an overview of the eye movement data that can be collected, what is involved in analysing them, and what it can add to current HCI research and usability assessment practice. We argue that, whilst much work is required to develop the use of eyetracking as a practitioner’s method, it can provide valuable objective data about the impact of visual design on human performance. To illustrate this point, some preliminary results of a study into web page usage are reported. The results are examined with regard to explaining task performance, user physiology as well as in the assessment of the difficulties and the potential behind eye-tracking.
A zone based approach for classification and recognition of telugu handwritten characters

Realization of high accuracies and efficiencies in South Indian character recognition systems is one of the principle goals to be attempted time after time so as to promote the usage of optical character recognition (OCR) for South Indian languages like Telugu. The process of character recognition comprises pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification and recognition. The feature extraction stage is meant for uniquely recognizing each character image for the purpose of classifying it. The selection of a feature extraction algorithm is very critical and important for any image processing application and mostly of the times it is directly proportional to the type of the image objects that we have to identify. For optical technologies like South Indian OCR, the feature extraction technique plays a very vital role in accuracy of recognition due to the huge character sets. In this work we mainly focus on evaluating the performance of various feature extraction techniques with respect to Telugu character recognition systems and analyze its efficiencies and accuracies in recognition of Telugu character set.
Improved CLP Scheduling with Task Intervals

In this paper we present a new technique that can be used to improve performance of job scheduling with a constraint programming language. We show how, by focusing on some special sets of tasks, one can bring eLP in the same range of efficiency as traditional OR algorithms on a classical benchmark(MT10 [MT63]), thus makingCLP both a flexible and an efficient technique for such combinatorial problems. We then present our programming methodology which we have successfully used on many problems, and draw conclusions on what features constraint programming languages should offer to allow its use.
Tracerory - Dynamic Tracematches and Unread Memory Detection for C/C++

Dynamic binary translation allows us to analyze a program during execution without the need for a compiler or the program’s source code. In this work, we present two applications of dynamic binary translation: tracematches and unread memory detection. Libraries are ubiquitous in modern software development. Each library requires that its clients follow certain conventions, depending on the domain of the library. Tracematches are a particularly expressive notation for specifying library usage conventions, but have only been implemented on top of Java. In this work, we leverage dynamic binary translation to enable the use of tracematches on executables, particularly for compiled C/C++ programs. The presence of memory that is never read, or memory writes that are never read during execution is wasteful, and may be also be indicative of bugs. In addition to tracematches, we present an unread memory detector. We built this detector using dynamic binary translation. We have implemented a tool which monitors tracematches on top of the Pin framework along with unread memory. We describe the operation of our tool using a series of motivating examples and then present our overall monitoring approach. Finally, we include benchmarks showing the overhead of our tool on 4 open source projects and report qualitative results.
Path following of an Underactuated AUV Based on Fuzzy Backstepping Sliding Mode Control

This paper addresses the path following problem of an underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) with the aim of dealing with parameter uncertainties and current disturbances. An adaptive robust control system was proposed by employing fuzzy logic, backstepping and sliding mode control theory. Fuzzy logic theory is adopted to approximate unknown system function, and the controller was designed by combining sliding mode control with backstepping thought. Firstly, the longitudinal speed was controlled, then the yaw angle was made as input of path following error to design the calm function and the change rate of path parameters. The controller stability was proved by Lyapunov stable theory. Simulation and outfield tests were conducted and the results showed that the controller is of excellent adaptability and robustness in the presence of parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. It is also shown to be able to avoid the chattering of AUV actuators.
Feature selection based on bagging ensemble learning algorithm

Generalization ability is a principal issue in the field of machine learning. Feature selection is a method that can improve generalization ability of learning algorithm. Through measuring feature count measure (FCM) in decision table, select the feature which depended strongly on classification attribute. Based on the above, Feature count measure based bagging ensemble learning algorithm is proposed. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is effective to obtain classification rule.
One Sense per Discourse Heuristic for Improving Precision of WSD Methods based on Lexical Intersections with the Context

Word sense disambiguation is the task of choosing a sense for a target word in a given text using some words from the text and, in some cases, hand-tagged samples or dictionary definitions. The sense list is taken usually from an explanatory dictionary for a given language. Note that since the word is part of the text, we rely on the context words for making the decision. The methods that use information from words in the (near) context are very simple, because they consider lexical intersections of the word with the context words and/or their definitions or samples of usage. These methods reach precision of up to 70%. There are also methods that have better performance, but they are much more sophisticated: they use expensive resources – usually hand crafted – and rely on complex algorithms. In this paper, we show how to increase precision for certain word classes of these simple methods to the level comparable with that of the most sophisticated ones. Namely, we observed that these methods usually disambiguate correctly those words that conform to the One Sense per Discourse heuristic (OSD words). We used Semcor and Wikipedia to find the OSD words and left non-OSD words without disambiguation, thus improving precision at the expense of recall. Our motivation for this situation – more precision, less recall – is: (1) if we need high quality disambiguation and use human evaluators, then we can reduce the cost by asking them to disambiguate only words that are really difficult for the algorithms; (2) in an automatic system, we can apply this method for disambiguation of the corresponding words, and use other more sophisticated method for disambiguation of other words, i.e., use different methods for disambiguation (meta-disambiguation). We experimented with the complete and simplified Lesk algorithms, the graph based algorithm, and the first sense heuristic. The precision of all algorithms increases and some algorithms reach the level of the inter annotator agreement.
Process optimization for production of biodiesel from orange peel oil using response surface methodology

ABSTRACT Biodiesel is found an effective alternative of petroleum diesel fuel as the properties of biodiesel are matching with diesel. However, biodiesel production is a time and energy consuming process which also increases the final cost of the product. Hence, to reduce the process time and energy consumption it becomes necessary to optimize the production process which can be done by conducting number of experiments. For reducing the total number of experiment for optimization researchers are using optimization tool. These tools give the optimal parameters with small number of experiments. In this scenario response surface methodology (RSM) gaining the publicity among all optimization tools. RSM not only reduces the number of experiments but also give the trends in which different parameters affect the final products. In the present research, orange peel oil is converted into orange peel oil methyl ester, and the process is optimized with the help of RSM. After optimization, it is found that the yield of OPOME is increased by more than 2% by using RSM.
Genetic network models: a comparative study

Currently, the need arises for tools capable of unraveling the functionality of genes based on the analysis of microarray measurements. Modeling genetic interactions by means of genetic network models provides a methodology to infer functional relationships between genes. Although a wide variety of different models have been introduced so far, it remains, in general, unclear what the strengths and weaknesses of each of these approaches are and where these models overlap and differ. This paper compares different genetic modeling approaches that attempt to extract the gene regulation matrix from expression data. A taxonomy of continuous genetic network models is proposed and the following important characteristics are suggested and employed to compare the models: inferential power; predictive power; robustness; consistency; stability and computational cost. Where possible, synthetic time series data are employed to investigate some of these properties. The comparison shows that although genetic network modeling might provide valuable information regarding genetic interactions, current models show disappointing results on simple artificial problems. For now, the simplest models are favored because they generalize better, but more complex models will probably prevail once their bias is more thoroughly understood and their variance is better controlled.
Model reference adaptive controller uniform design for nonlinear neural network systems

Using internal mode control notion,the uniform design scheme of model reference controller based on neural network for nonlinear system is presented, no matter how the controller possesses inseparability or not. It simplifies design process of NNMRACS, with only a single neural network identification. It is suitable to the arbitrary NNMRAC, and even more closes to engineering process. Theory analysis and simulation show its rationality and validity.
The Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation (DG) to Improve the Voltage Profile and Reduce Losses in Radial Distribution Networks Using PSO

Voltage profile and losses are important factors in a distribution network in which there are variety of ways to improve them. In this paper, distributed generation (DG) is used as a solution to improve the above characteristics. Backward/Forward Sweep load flow algorithm is used due to the inefficiency of usual load flow algorithms because of high R/X ratio and their lack of convergence in distribution networks. This algorithm is applied to the system and the best place to install DG is selected by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
High-Performance Windows Store Apps

Understand what every developer should know about performance when building Windows Store apps. Not designed as a comprehensive reference, this book instead zeroes in on the essentials of planning for great performance and provides a solid starting point for building fast apps. This concise, performance-focused guide: Provides an introduction to the Windows platform from a performance point of view Describes how to set performance goals, establish tests to track performance, and covers tools to instrument code and analyze performance Explains why common techniques such as micro benchmarks and ad hoc testing often fall short in verifying performance Focuses on managed C#/XAML apps Although tools and techniques also apply to Visual Basic/XAML apps, all code examples use C# HTML5/JavaScript and C++/XAML are not covered
Thermal Conversion of Heavy Metal Chlorides (PbCl2, CdCl2) and Alkaline Chlorides (NaCl, KCl) into Phosphate Glasses

Fly ashes resulting from municipal solid waste incineration contain lead and cadmium chlorides (PbCl2, CdCl2) that volatilize during the thermal treatment and vitrification. They are recovered in “secondary ashes”. We report the thermal conversion of lead and cadmium chlorides into phosphate glasses, using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) as a precursor. Two synthetic batches containing (PbCl2 + CdCl2), and (PbCl2 + CdCl2 + NaCl + KCl) were mixed with NH4H2PO4 in variable amounts. The (NaCl + KCl)/(PbCl2 + CdCl2) ratio in the batches to be converted was chosen to reflect the secondary ash composition. The resulting glasses contain 20−60 mol % P2O5. Elemental analyses of the glasses are compared with the calculated data from two conversion reaction models. The first one involves the reaction of NH4H2PO4 with chlorides only, the second addition involves a high-temperature conversion reaction of chlorides with water. The second mechanism is in good accordance with the experimental results for PbCl2 +.
TMSCl-promoted addition of diethyl phosphite to an imine for the synthesis of bis [1-diethoxyphosphorylalkyl] amines

A convenient preparative approach for the synthesis of bis[1-diethoxyphosphorylalkyl]amines has been developed. Treatment of aromatic aldehydes with ammonia and reaction with diethyl phosphite gives diethyl aryl[(arylmethylidene)amino]methylphosphonates, which can be easily reacted with diethyl phosphite in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane to give bis[1-diethoxyphosphorylalkyl]amines. This method is easy, rapid, and good-yielding for the synthesis ofbis[l-diethoxyphosphorylalkyl]amines from simple starting materials.
Effect of Different Level of β-glucan extracted from Baker ' s Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Barley Bran in the Physicochemical Properties of Fish Patties at Cooling Storage Periods

Abstract: β-glucan was extracted from Baker's Yeast of and barley bran using the conventional classical method and the hot water method respectively. The yield of βglucan of Baker's Yeast and barley bran were (5.95 and 5.18) % respectively. with significant differences at the probability at the level of 0.05. β-glucan which extracted from two sources added were to fish patties at different levels (0.0 ,0.1, 0.3 ,0.5, and 1) g / 25g, and the patties were stored at 4±2 ̊ C up to for 14 days. The results showed that the values of pH and water holding capacity of patties treated with β-glucan of yeast were lowest than those of patties treated with β-glucan of barley bran. In contrast, the values of peroxide, acidity values, and the percentage of free fatty acids of the patties treated with β-glucan of yeast were found to be higher than those in the patties treated with β-glucan extracted from barley bran.