Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationships in the Sceloporus variabilis (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) complex based on three molecular markers, continuous characters and geometric morphometric data

The monophyly of the Sceloporus variabilis group is well established with five species and two species complexes, but phylogenetic relationships within species complexes are still uncertain. We studied 278 specimens in 20 terminals to sample all taxa in the “variabilis group,” including three subspecies in the “variabilis complex,” and two outgroups (Sceloporus grammicus and Sceloporus megalepidurus). We assembled an extensive morphological data set with discrete and continuous characters (distances and scale counts), including geometric morphometric data (landmark coordinates of three shapes), and a three‐marker molecular data set as well (ND4, 12S and RAG1). We conducted parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic inferences on these data, including several partitioning and weighting schemes. We suggest elevating three subspecies to full species status. Therefore, we recommend recognition of nine species in the “variabilis group. ” First, S. variabilis is sister to Sceloporus teapensis. In turn, Sceloporus cozumelae is sister to Sceloporus olloporus. These four species are a monophyletic group, which is sister to Sceloporus smithi. Finally, Sceloporus marmoratus is sister of the clade of five species. The other species in the “variabilis group” (Sceloporus chrysostictus, Sceloporus couchii and Sceloporus parvus) are a paraphyletic grade at the base of the tree. Our analyses reject the existence of the “variabilis complex. ” We conducted a parsimony‐based ancestral reconstruction on body size (snout–vent length), femoral pores and dorsal scales and related morphological changes to geographic distribution of the species. Our phylogenetic hypothesis will allow best designs of comparative studies with species in the “variabilis group,” one of the earliest divergent lineages in the genus.
Leading the Play: Development of a Method Supporting Expression and Control with Adults with Dementia

This paper explores the concept of client-led play with older adults with dementia and its possible impact on an individual’s ability to express enjoyment and sense of control. Expressive arts therapy is explored as a possible natural vehicle for providing client-led play groups to older adults with dementia. While research is limited regarding client-led play specifically, there has been significant research supporting the use of the creative arts with individuals with dementia, as it provides opportunities for non-verbal expression and spontaneous creativity. This paper argues that the arts have a natural connection to play through the use of the imagination and inthe-moment choice making. The author developed and implemented two play-based interventions with adults with dementia at an assisted living facility in Massachusetts. This paper will discuss the literature that informed the method, what took place during the implementation, and what was learned from observing and experiencing client-led play with adults with dementia.
Unravelling the genetic bases of hearing loss: functional characterisation of pathogenic variants and novel candidate genes identified by whole-exome sequencing

Hearing Loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder in humans, and more than half of cases are due to genetic factors. In 30% of cases, hereditary HL is associated with additional clinical features, and it is defined syndromic (SHL), whereas in 70% of cases HL is the only symptom, and it is considered nonsyndromic (NSHL). HL is characterised by an extreme genetic heterogeneity, with more than 150 loci currently associated and at least 100 genes identified, making extremely challenging to obtain a molecular diagnosis with traditional screening methods. For these reasons, whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been introduced to search for mutations and novel genes underlying the disease. In this frame, this thesis describes the study of the genetic bases of deafness in 11 HL (3 SHL and 8 NSHL) families applying WES and an accurate functional validation of the candidate mutations. This approach allowed the identification of the causative mutations in 7 out of the 11 families analysed, while for 3 NSHL families no strong candidate pathogenic variants emerged from our WES data analyses. In addition, in one NSHL family we identified a missense variant in the candidate deafness-causing gene DIAPH2, coding for a protein involved in actin filament elongation. My in-vitro studies indicate a possible functional impairment of the mutant DIAPH2 protein, which might be very relevant in hearing function. In fact, immunohistochemical studies indicate that the mouse ortholog protein Diap2 is expressed in the cochlea in the actin-rich stereocilia of the sensory outer hair cells during development. Auditory brainstem response measurements to evaluate the hearing phenotype of Diaph2 knock-out and knock-in mice were also undertaken. However, at least at the time points analysed, no hearing impairment was detected in the mouse models. Consequently, the role of DIAPH2 in HL in humans still needs to be further clarified.
Bark beetles in a mixed plantation of Bertholletia excelsa and Hevea brasiliensis in the southern amazon

Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are wood borers with the potential to cause significant damage in forest plantations. Studies of this group are more common in plantations of Eucalyptus, and Pinus, but the increase of planting with other forest species, such as Brazil nut and rubber trees, indicates the need for monitoring of Scolytinae in these additional forest areas. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate an assemblage and the main species of bark beetles in a mixed plantation of Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) and rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll. Arg. ) in Southern Amazonia. Twelve ethanol traps were used and collections were carried out biweekly for one year. The collections were evaluated descriptively way with entomofaunistic analysis, and population fluctuation and its dispersion were determined. A total of 2,738 individuals were collected, with a total of 17 species distributed in nine genera, of which Cryptocarenus Eggers 1937 and Xyleborus Eichoff 1864 showed the greatest representation. Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers, Cryptocarenus heveae (Hagedorni), Cryptocarenus seriatus Eggers, Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, and Xyleborus spinulosus Blandford were categorized as dominant, very abundant, very frequent, and constant. The assemblage of Scolytinae in the Brazil nut tree and rubber tree mixed plantation had a greater abundance in the rainy season, with the highest averages and population peaks. The species with the greatest representation also presented a greater number of individuals in the rainy season with aggregate dispersion.
Screening of population dynamics and hydrogen production in co-cultures of Caldicellulosiruptor species growing on treated wheat straw

Ar 2017 framstalldes 96% av vatgasproduktionen varlden over fran fossila branslen medan de resterande 4% producerades fran elektrolys av vatten. For att na malet om en fossilfri framtid behovs fler metoder for vatgasproduktion, darfor studeras bakterier med formagan att framstalla vatgas genom fermentering vid hogre temperaturer, sa kallad termofil fermentering. En av de bakterier som ar av intresse tillhor slaktet Caldicellulosiruptor. Dessa arter har formagan att fermentera lignocellulistisk biomassa, sasom halm, vid hogre temperaturer for att producera vatgas. Mangden vatgas som framstallts av Caldicellulosiruptor har inte varit tillracklig for att vara industriellt effektiv. Samodlingar av olika arter har visat sig oka vatgasproduktionen i jamforelse med rena kulturer. Syftet med denna studie var darfor att screena populationsdynamiken och vatgasproduktionen av samodlingar fran Caldicellulosiruptor-arter vaxande pa behandlad halm. De anvanda arterna var C. saccharolyticus, C. owensensis, C. kronotskyensis och C. bescii. Detta gjordes genom screening av kombinationer av ovanstaende bakterier i serumflaskor dar sedan en av samodlingarna analyserade i bioreaktorn. Fran screeningen sags det att C. saccharolyticus var den dominerade arten i alla samodlingar den var med i. Den samodling som analyserades i bioreaktorn var en cocktail av de fyra arterna som visade att C. saccharolyticus var den dominerande arten och att acetat huvudsakligen producerades. Produktionen av propionat kunde ocksa ses i bioreaktorn och vatgasproduktionen noterades vara lag i jamforelse med andra studier. Till foljd av flertalet parametrar i screeningen som inte kunde kontrolleras ar det svart att dra nagra slutsatser fran screeningen. I bioreaktorn tros dock dominansen av C. saccharolyticus bero pa battre adaptionsformaga samt eventuellt hogre cellantal fran borjan.
Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 is required for pain signalling in both human neurons and mouse models

Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 (Cdkl5) gene mutations lead to an X-linked disorder that is characterized by infantile epileptic encephalopathy, developmental delay and hypotonia. However, we found that a substantial percentage of these patients also report a previously unrecognised anamnestic deficiency in pain perception. Consistent with a role in nociception, we discovered that Cdkl5 is expressed selectively in nociceptive dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in mice and in iPS-derived human nociceptors. CDKL5 deficient mice display defective epidermal innervation and conditional deletion of Cdkl5 in DRG sensory neurons significantly impairs nociception, phenocopying CDKL5 deficiency disorder in patients. Mechanistically, Cdkl5 interacts with CaMKIIα to control outgrowth as well as TRPV1-dependent signalling, which are disrupted in both Cdkl5 mutant murine DRG and human iPS-derived nociceptors. Together, these findings unveil a previously unrecognized role for Cdkl5 in nociception, proposing an original regulatory mechanism for pain perception with implications for future therapeutics in CDKL5 deficiency disorder. One Sentence Summary Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 (Cdkl5) controls nociception in patients and murine models of Cdkl5 deficiency disorder via CaMKII-dependent mechanisms
Molecular and Pathogenic Characteristics of Paecilomyces formosus, a New Causal Agent of Oak Tree Dieback in Iran

Oak dieback is one of the most important diseases that presently affects the Kermanshah oak forests (West Iran). During the period from 2013 to 2015, oak trees exhibiting branch dieback were sampled, and fungal colonies resembling those of the Paecilomyces sp. were obtained from diseased tissues. Based on morphology, physiology, and phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA, all isolates were identified as Paecilomyces formosus. Pathogenicity tests in vivo were made on 2-year-old seedlings, potted Q. brantii plants, and excised branch sections under controlled conditions. Inoculated seedlings produced characteristic symptoms, and subsequent pathogen recovery confirmed pathogenicity. We determined these to be thermophilic fungi, which may be related to warming and drought. This is the first report of Paecilomyces formosus as the causal agent of Q. brantii dieback in Iran and the world.
A Reinforcement Learning-based Approach to Dynamic Job-shop Scheduling

Production scheduling is critical to manufacturing system.Dispatching rules are usually applied dynamically to schedule (? )he job in a dynamic job-shop.Existing scheduling approaches sel- dom address machine selection in the scheduling process.Composite rules,considering both machine selection and job selection,are proposed in this paper.The dynamic system is trained to enhance its learning and adaptive capability by a reinforcement learning(RL)algorithm.We define the concep- tion of pressure to describe the system feature.Designing a reward function should be guided by the scheduling goal to accurately record the learning progress.Competitive results with the RL-based approach show that it can be used as real-time scheduling technology.
Recognition of Person Name in Uyghur Text Corpus using Naïve Bayes

This paper presents a novel approach to recognize person name in Uyghur corpus. The Recognition of a person name for Uyghur using Naive Bayes Classifier is a challenging task in intelligent computing. Uyghur person name recognition (UPNR) aims at classifying each word in a document into predefined target label (person name or others) in a linear and non-linear fashion. Some language specific rules are added to recognize person names. Moreover, some gazetteers and context patterns are added to increase its performance as it is observed that identification of rules and context patterns requires language-based knowledge to make the work better. We have used required lexical databases to prepare rules and identify the context patterns for Uyghur. Experimental results show that our approach achieves higher accuracy than previous approaches.
Principles for simultaneous measurement of excitatory and inhibitory conductances of single cells in a single trial

Neuronal activity is determined by the interplay between excitatory and inhibitory inputs of individual cells. Whether or not these inputs covary over time or between repeated stimuli remains unclear due to the lack of experimental methods for measuring both inputs at the same time. Current methods for conductance measurement are based on repeatedly stimulating neurons while holding their membrane potential at different levels so to reveal either excitation or inhibition, which can only provide the averaged relationship between the two. Here we develop a new framework for simultaneously measuring both the excitatory and inhibitory inputs of single cells in a single trial under current clamp. This method is based on theoretical analysis of passive circuits and can be practically achieved by injecting a high frequency sinusoidal current and then analysing the data using an optimization algorithm. We use simulations to demonstrate the ability of this approach to reveal the excitatory and inhibitory inputs of point neurons, in which we mimic adapting sensory inputs as well as an asynchronous balanced state.
Erratum to: Effect of mushroom (Schizophyllum spp.) derived β-glucan on low-fiber diet induced gut dysbiosis

p. 211 Effect of mushroom (Schizophyllum commune) derived β-glucan on low-fiber diet induced gut dysbiosis p. 212 Experimental design The experimental scheme was given in Scheme 1. Four experimental groups with n=11 mice per group was classified as: normal diet group (ND), low fiber diet group-AIN 76A (LFD), LFD with 3 g/ kg of β-glucan (LFD+BG1) and LFD with 5 g/kg of β-glucan (LFD+BG2). β-Glucan (β-1,6/1,3 glucan isolated from Schizophyllum commune. with average molecular weight of 1.78~1.79×10 Da) was provided by Quegen Biotech Co. Ltd., Republic of Korea.
Non-axisymmetric shapes of biological membranes from locally induced curvature

In various biological processes such as endocytosis and caveolae formation, the cell membrane is locally deformed into curved configurations. Previous theoretical and computational studies to understand membrane morphologies resulting from locally induced curvature are often limited to axisymmetric shapes, which severely restricts the physically admissible morphologies. Under the restriction of axisymmetry, past efforts predict that the cell membrane buds at low resting tensions and stalls at a flat pit at high resting tensions. In this work, we lift the restriction of axisymmetry by employing recent theoretical and numerical advances to understand arbitrarily curved and deforming lipid bilayers. Our non-axisymmetric morphologies reveal membrane morphologies which agree well with axisymmetric studies—however only if the resting tension of the membrane is low. When the resting tension is moderate to high, we show that (i) axisymmetric invaginations are unstable; and (ii) non-axisymmetric ridge-shaped structures are energetically favorable. We further study the dynamical effects resulting from the interplay between intramembrane viscous flow and induced curvature, and find the rate at which the locally induced curvature increases is a key determinant in the formation of ridges. In particular, we show that axisymmetric buds are favored when the induced curvature is rapidly increased, while non-axisymmetric ridges are favored when the curvature is slowly increased: The rate of change of induced curvature affects the intramembrane viscous flow of lipids, which can impede the membrane’s ability to transition into ridges. We conclude that the appearance of non-axisymmetric ridges indicates that axisymmetry cannot be generally assumed when understanding processes involving locally induced curvature. Our results hold potentially relevant implications for biological processes such as endocytosis, and physical phenomena like phase separation in lipid bilayers.
X-ray Induced Genetic Variability in Amaranthus hybridus L. and Analysis of Variants Using Morphological and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Data

Amaranthus hybridus L. is an important vegetable in Nigeria, grown mainly for its highly nutritious leaves. In a bid to explore the possibility of increasing the infra-specific diversity of the crop, we induced three accessions of A. hybridus from Anambra State, Nigeria with x-ray particles using various concentration levels. The experimental layout composed a 5 x 3 x 3 Randomized Complete Block Design arrangement, with treatment levels: 1 MGY, 2 MGY, 4 MGY, and 6 MGY, selectively allotted to the different accession based on a preliminary dosimetry test. Morphological data were recorded and subsequently leaves samples subjected to Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) extraction and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The results show that except for inflorescence weight, other morphological data were not statistically significant. However, RAPD techniques identify some variations induced by x-ray particles on the different accessions. Ogbunike accession irradiated with 4 MGY appears to show the optimum concentration of x-ray particles required to induce genetic variability in A. hybridus. These findings are of paramount importance to plant breeders, whose primary tool is to identify variations to produce better yielding varieties.
Inflammatory, Oxidative Stress, and Angiogenic Growth Factor Responses to Repeated-Sprint Exercise in Hypoxia

The present study was designed to determine the effects of repeated-sprint exercise in moderate hypoxia on inflammatory, muscle damage, oxidative stress, and angiogenic growth factor responses among athletes. Ten male college track and field sprinters [mean ± standard error (SE): age, 20.9 ± 0.1 years; height, 175.7 ± 1.9 cm; body weight, 67.3 ± 2.0 kg] performed two exercise trials in either hypoxia [HYPO; fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), 14.5%] or normoxia (NOR; FiO2, 20.9%). The exercise consisted of three sets of 5 s × 6 s maximal sprints with 30 s rest periods between sprints and 10 min rest periods between sets. After completing the exercise, subjects remained in the chamber for 3 h under the prescribed oxygen concentration (hypoxia or normoxia). The average power output during exercise did not differ significantly between trials (p = 0.17). Blood lactate concentrations after exercise were significantly higher in the HYPO trial than in the NOR trial (p < 0.05). Plasma interleukin-6 concentrations increased significantly after exercise (p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two trials (p = 0.07). Post-exercise plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, serum myoglobin, serum lipid peroxidation, plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and urine 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine concentrations did not differ significantly between the two trials (p > 0.05). In conclusion, exercise-induced inflammatory, muscle damage, oxidative stress, and VEGF responses following repeated-sprint exercise were not different between hypoxia and normoxia.
Robust kernel-based model reference adaptive control for unstable aircraft

In this article, a robust kernel-based model reference adaptive control is proposed for an unstable nonlinear aircraft. The heart of the proposed kernel-based model reference adaptive control scheme comprises an offline neural identifier and an online neural controller. In the offline neural identifier, the kernel-based unified extreme learning machine algorithm is used to identify the aircraft model with the available input–output data in a finite time interval. The finite time interval is selected to avoid the response of the unstable aircraft growing unbounded. In the kernel-based unified extreme learning machine, the hidden layer feature mapping is determined by the kernel matrix. However, the unified extreme learning machine is a batch learning algorithm and is not suitable for the online control learning. To solve the problem, a recursive version of the unified extreme learning machine is developed in this study. Based on a given reference model and the identified model, the recursive version of the unified extreme learning machine algorithm is applied to construct the online control law to compensate for the changes in the aircraft dynamics or characteristics. The performance of the proposed kernel-based model reference adaptive control scheme is validated through the simulation studies of a locally nonlinear longitudinal high-performance aircraft. Simulation studies are also compared with a model reference adaptive control based on the back-propagation algorithm and a model reference adaptive control based on the basic extreme learning machine algorithm in terms of the identification and tracking abilities. The results show that the proposed kernel-based model reference adaptive control can achieve better identification and tracking performance.
Diversidad genética y ecológica en especies crípticas de rotíferos: patrones y procesos

Este trabajo es un estudio de ecologia genetica donde se describen los patrones de diversidad biologica del complejo de especies gemelas del rotifero Brachionus plicatilis. Mediante el analisis de los individuos activos en la columna de agua y las formas latentes del sedimento, se analizan algunos de los procesos y mecanismos implicados en el mantenimiento de la diversidad. Para ello, la estructura genetica y la dinamica poblacional se analizan en un contexto ecologico. Tras esclarecer todas las especies del complejo, se cuantifican sus niveles de simpatria y se determinan sus preferencias ecologicas con el fin de explicar las distribuciones espaciales y temporales. Tambien se contrastan hipotesis evolutivas sobre las fuerzas que afectan a los niveles de diversidad.
Local Community Discovery Algorithm Based on Breadth-first Search

Local community detection is a hot topic in network topology research recently,this paper proposes a local community detection algorithm based on a given node.This algorithm starts from original node,finds the max connective node relevant to the original node,uses Breadth-first Search(BFS)based on node similarity to find local community,and cuts off the found community and gets the entire community which contains the original node.Experimental result shows that this algorithm reduces the time complexity to O(kd3)with high accuracy.