Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of co-benefits of black carbon emission reduction measures in Southeast Asia: Part 1 emission inventory and simulation for the base year 2007

This research assessed the potential co-benefits associated with selected black carbon (BC) emission reduction measures on mitigation of air pollution and climate forcing in Southeast Asia (SEA). This paper presents Part 1 of the research with details on the emission inventory (EI) results and the WRF/CHIMERE model performance evaluation. The SEA regional emissions for 2007 were updated with our EI results for Indonesia, Thailand and Cambodia and used for the model input. WRF/CHIMERE simulated PM 10 , PM 2.5 and BC over the SEA domain (0.25o x 0.25o) of the year 2007 and the results were evaluated against the available monitoring data in the domain. WRF hourly simulation results were evaluated using the observed data at 8 international airport stations in 5 SEA countries and showed a satisfactory performance. WRF/CHIMERE results for PM 10 and PM 2.5 showed strong seasonal influence of biomass open burning while BC distribution showed the influence of urban activities in big SEA cities. Daily average PM 10 constructed from the hourly concentrations were obtained from the automatic monitoring stations in three SEA large cities, i.e. Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Surabaya for model evaluation. The daily observed PM 2.5 and BC concentrations obtained from the Improving Air Quality in the Asian Developing Countries (AIRPET) project for 4 cities (i.e. Bangkok, Hanoi, Bandung, and Manila) were also used for model evaluation. In addition, hourly BC concentrations were taken from the measurement results of the Asian Pacific Network (APN) project at a sub-urban site in Bangkok. The modeled PM 10 and BC satisfactorily met all suggested statistical criteria for PM evaluation. The modeled PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratios estimated for four AIRPET sites ranged between 0.47–0.59, lower than observed values of 0.6–0.83. Better agreement was found for BC/PM 2.5 ratios with the modeled values of 0.05–0.33 as compared to the observation values of 0.05–0.28. AODEM (extended aerosol optical depth module) was used to calculate the total columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD) and BC AOD using the internal mixing assumption. The model AOD results were evaluated against the observed AOD by both AERONET and MODIS satellite in 10 countries in the domain. Our model results showed that the BC AOD contributed 7.5–12 % of the total AOD, which was in the same ranges reported by other studies for places with intensive emissions. The Part 1 results (this study) is used in Part 2 (Permadi et al., 2017a) which calculates the regional aerosol direct radiative forcing under different emission reduction scenarios to explore potential co-benefits for air quality improvement, reduction in number of premature deaths and climate forcing mitigation in SEA in 2030.
Physical properties of meteorites—Applications in space missions to asteroids

Abstract— Based on reflectance spectroscopy and chemical/mineralogical remote sensing methods, it is generally assumed that asteroids are parent bodies for most meteorites reaching the Earth. However, more detailed observations indicate that differences exist in composition between asteroids and meteorites resulting in difficulties when searching for meteorite‐asteroid match.
Identifying and Explaining the Consequences for Schools of External Accountability Initiatives or "What in the World Did You Think I Was Doing before You Came Along?".

This study looks at the interview responses of teachers and administrators in five secondary schools in Ontario (Canada) to government-initiated accountability strategies. Several questions were posed: (1) What were the perceived effects of these strategies? (2) What motives did teachers and administrators ascribe to the government for introducing them to begin with? (3) How likely was it that teachers and administrators would consider such strategies a priority for implementation in their own setting? Results indicate that the majority of respondents attributed noneducational motives to the government, though a few teachers and almost half of the administrators saw motives they could support. Similar results were apparent concerning effects of the initiatives, effects considered to be mostly neutral or negative. These same data were also examined using a theory of motivation. Conditions shaping the motivation of respondents to make the best of the accountability initiatives in their schools were mostly negative. Results are summarized in Table 1 concerning context beliefs. (Contains 25 references.) (DFR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Identifying And Explaining The Consequences For Schools Of External Accountability Initiatives
Accounting for Intergenerational Earnings Persistence: Can We Distinguish Between Education, Skills, and Health?

This paper illustrates the difficulty in disentangling the underlying channels of intergenerational earnings persistence by means of path analysis and recursive models. On closer examination, these models manifest their shortcomings as regards accounting for how parental earnings have a direct impact on their offspring’s earnings, but also have an e ffect through other factors such as education, skills and health. The estimated e ffects of these mediating factors are likely to capture the influence of other mechanisms not taken into account in the analysis. Nonetheless, the results suggest that education is the most important mechanism in the earnings transmission process, although it is sensitive to the inclusion of other covariates and the order in which these are entered into the equation. Nonlinear specifications suggest that the e ffect of a father’s earnings on his son’s has the greatest impact primarily through education and IQ in the upper middle categories of the earnings distribution of the fathers, while health status is of secondary importance.
Free Vibration Analysis of Elastic Bars using Isogeometric Approach

A study on the free vibration analysis of elastic bar is described in this paper. In order to determine the natural frequencies of bars, a bar element is developed by using isogeometric formulation. The B-spline is introduced to represent the geometry of bar and the same geometric definition is also used to define its unknown displacement field in isogeometric formulation. Therefore, the stiffness and mass matrices are derived by the order-free B-spline basis function. The efficiency and accuracy of the present isogeometric bar elementis demonstrated by using several numerical tests. From numerical results, it is found to be that the present isogeometric element produces very accurate natural frequencies of bars. Finally, the present isogeometric solutions are provided as future reference solutions.
Inferring Link Behavior from the Connectivity Distributions of Web Pages

Since link-based measures are one of the most important factors in ranking mechanisms of today's web search engines, the intentions of creating hyperlinks need to be carefully investigated. This study analyzes the connectivity distributions of web pages and draws conclusions on the link behavior of web page authors. As a whole, the link behavior follows a ubiquitous power-law distribution. However, with different kinds of linkages (e.g. cross-site links vs. intra-site links) and within a specific domain, the connectivity distributions varies greatly. From a snapshot of the Thai Web, we extract connectivity distributions of different kinds of linkages and different subsets of web pages and try to infer some meaningful patterns of web links. Keyword Web measurement, Web link behavior
Enhancing Shamir’s Secret Sharing Using Gaussian Elimination Based on Hybrid Transform (Integer WT-DCT)

A secret sharing is an important tool to share the secret key among N users in a secure manner with the need to treat the main problems of increment shares volume and sharing control. Based on the hybrid transformations, a new technique of sharing scheme with excellent sharing-control flexibility is suggested to share a secret image into multiple shadow pictures (for N users) utilizing a scheme of Shamir’s threshold beside a method for solving a system of linear equations by Gaussian Elimination to remade the secret. This scheme applied a hybrid I-WT and DCT firstly to de-correlate image pixels for more reduction in image size; then it employs the modifying Shamir’s (k, n) sharing scheme to generate the shadow images. A quality refinement of the recouped picture is accomplished by the information collected from the threshold (k) of share images, and each of one has no data about the secret image. The shadow image size for everyone is smaller than [1/3.5*(v / k- 0.1)] of the secret image (where v=2,3,., according to k value) and any number of shadow pictures that is not as much as k or larger uncovers no data about the secret. This technique is secure for image sharing with excellent time execution and gives fantastic (PSNR) value rate [greater than 34 db] as shown in result table using integer WT and DPCM that keeps an image quality good, however, much is still expected.
Open population maximum likelihood spatial capture‐recapture

Open population capture‐recapture models are widely used to estimate population demographics and abundance over time. Bayesian methods exist to incorporate open population modeling with spatial capture‐recapture (SCR), allowing for estimation of the effective area sampled and population density. Here, open population SCR is formulated as a hidden Markov model (HMM), allowing inference by maximum likelihood for both Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber and Jolly‐Seber models, with and without activity center movement. The method is applied to a 12‐year survey of male jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary, Belize, to estimate survival probability and population abundance over time. For this application, inference is shown to be biased when assuming activity centers are fixed over time, while including a model for activity center movement provides negligible bias and nominal confidence interval coverage, as demonstrated by a simulation study. The HMM approach is compared with Bayesian data augmentation and closed population models for this application. The method is substantially more computationally efficient than the Bayesian approach and provides a lower root‐mean‐square error in predicting population density compared to closed population models.
National Electronic Identity Management: The Challenge of a citizen-centric Approach beyond Technical Design

National governments across Europe are currently introducing electronic identity management systems for enhancing security and gathering more unified forms of authentication for online public services. A particular challenge of security system design is to cope with the suspense between security and usability. This is strongly reflecting in identity management where this suspense becomes very apparent. Thus, for the success of identity management systems a certain focus on user centricity is demanded. This paper analyzes the system in Austria with respect to important determinants of a citizen-centric identity management approach, deduced from security usability issues, interrelated with factors for user perception as provided by the Technology Acceptance Model. The result reveals a biased picture of user centricity with an essential need for a stronger consideration of user perception and the provision of additional benefits addressing a perceivable user value.
Effect of stereoisomers of the main component of the sex pheromone of Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the attractiveness of females

The attractiveness of Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) females to the eight stereoisomers of the methyl 2,6,10-trimethyltridecanoate, major component of the sex pheromone produced by the males of this species, was studied in a double choice olfactometer. Bioassays showed that the (2R, 6R, 10S) stereoisomer was necessary for the attractiveness of females, presenting better results in relation to the others. The stereoisomeric mixture was shown to present significative attractiveness to females, however, when compared to the (2R, 6R, 10S) stereoisomer, it showed lower attractiveness.
The Effectiveness of Various Reminder Systems on Appointment-Keeping Adherence in a University-Based Primary-Care Setting

Treatment nonadherence is a significant problem that can affect not only the healthcare industry, but also more importantly, a patient’s health. Appointment-keeping adherence is expected to supersede all other types of adherence in terms of its importance and sequence. Various interventions have been used to treat nonadherence including appointment-keeping nonadherence within medical practices. Some of these interventions include different types of reminders (phone, letter, cards, etc.) and different types of therapy (motivational interviewing (MI) and cognitive behavioral therapy). Both reminders and MI have been effective in the past in treating appointment-keeping nonadherence. Therefore, will an MI-formatted letter reminder improve appointmentkeeping adherence better than a non-MI-formatted letter reminder, phone reminder, and no reminder? Archival data from a university-based primary-care practice that implemented a protocol using varying reminder systems were examined and analyzed for this study. One hundred ninety four patients were randomly selected. The data displayed that MI-formatted reminders (80%) were not significantly better (p = .239) than non-MIformatted letter reminders (75%), phone reminders (82%), or no reminders (66%). However, reminders as a whole (MI, non-MI and phone combined) were significantly better than no reminders (p = .049). Age was also indicated as a significant predictor (r 2 = .048, p = .002) for adherence, but gender was not. Therefore, one can conclude that adding MI to an existing intervention may not improve appointment-keeping adherence; however, the use of a letter format may have hindered its efficacy along with other issues inherent in the study. Overall, reminders are an effective means to improve appointmentkeeping adherence.
Evaluating the Impact of Refactoring on Clients and Unit Tests

Refactorings are specific code transformations that improve the design of existing code without changing its externally observable behavior. In practice, unit tests are the most commonly used tools to ensure preservation of behavior after refactoring. Since unit tests are tightly coupled with the code, refactoring of the code can also invalidate the associated unit tests. If not properly adapted and maintained along with any transformation in the production code, the safety net provided by the unit tests would not be available and could result in a huge loss in terms of effort and cost. Refactoring guidelines provide mechanics for code transformation and refactoring tools provide support for automatic execution of these mechanics. Since refactoring can result in breaking of client and test code, adaptation techniques to fix these should be appropriately addressed. This thesis extends the state of the art in refactoring by formalizing the concept of unit test adaptation with refactorings. In this thesis, we established that, in the context of refactoring, unit test is different from an ordinary client. Therefore, it requires additional adaptations that are not applicable to any other client in the software. For instance, moving a method to another class requires adaptation of its clients including the unit tests. If the clients are not updated, this refactoring will result in compilation errors. On the other hand if test code is not adapted accordingly, this refactoring will introduce test smells in the test code. The test adaptation mechanics developed in this thesis also improve the design of test code along overall improvement in quality of production code. In this thesis we reviewed and analyzed various concepts and tools for refactoring java programs. and unit testing and identified the areas that could be improved. It also includes identification of problem areas in Fowler’s catalog via empirical evaluation . It has also been demonstrated, how refactoring guidelines can be extended. In addition, a test and client adaptation framework has been designed. This framework can provide a basis for automation of primitive refactorings and their associative adaptive actions to be performed on production and test code. The functions from this framework have been used to develop formal specifications of extended refactoring guidelines at different levels of abstraction. We also show with the help of results from an expert survey, empirical investigation and practical demonstration that our proposed approach has various advantages as compared to conventional approaches.
Numerical simulation of prevention of saltwater intrusion in panama channel by using of bubble curtain system

A bubble curtain is a system that produces bubbles in a deliberate arrangement inwater. The technique is based on bubbles of air (gas) being let out under thewater surface, commonly on the bottom. When the bubbles rise they act as abarrier, a curtain for prevention of the spreading of particles and othercontaminants. In this paper is paid to applications of bubble curtain in protectionof environment of offshore. Due to the salt water intrusion in Panama navigablechannel is causing environmental damage. Construction of bubble curtains alongthe channel can be studied as a playbook. In this study, two-phase flow issimulated with simulation software Fluent6.3 for freshwater input from the left,saltwater input from the right, air from several vertical bubbles and water injection.The model is solved by using of two-phase Mixture pattern. For problem solving isused the k-𝜺 turbulence model. The air inlet velocity is considered 0.6 meters persecond and again 0.2 meters per second. By using air curtains (bubbles) can beprevented salt water intrusion and the density also be reduced. In this paper themultiphase flow is simulated by computational fluid dynamics method in Panamachannel.
ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND VARIABILITY OF BUCEGIA ROMANICA RADIAN О РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИИ И ВАРИАБЕЛЬНОСТИ BUCEGIA ROMANICA RADIAN

Bucegia romanica Radian (Marchantiaceae) is reported for the first time from Svalbard significantly extending the previously known range. The level of ITS1-2 nrDNA, trnL-F and trnG-intron cpDNA nucleotide sequence variability from European and Svalbard populations is quite low and any significant morphological differences between specimens are not revealed. Characters differentiating Bucegia romanica from similar the at first glance Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees and Asterella lindenbergiana (Corda ex Nees) Arnell as well as ecology of the species in Svalbard and worldwide are discussed. The global distribution of the species is reviewed and mapped.
Vertex Clustering in Random Graphs via Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo

Networks are a natural and effective tool to study relational data, in which observations are collected on pairs of units. The units are represented by nodes and their relations by edges. In biology, for example, proteins and their interactions may be the nodes and the edges of the network; in social science, the nodes and edges may be people and interpersonal relations. In this article we address the question of clustering vertices in networks as a way to uncover homogeneity patterns in data that enjoy a network representation. We use a mixture model for random graphs and propose are versible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to infer its parameters. Applications of the algorithm to one simulated dataset and three real datasets, which describe friendships among members of a university karate club, social interactions of dolphins, and gap junctions in the C. Elegans, are given.
A NEW FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR A PHASE FIELD MODEL OF BRITTLE FRACTURE

Phase field models for fracture employ a continuous field variable to indicate cracks. The width of the transition zone between cracked and uncracked areas is controlled by a regularization parameter. The numerical implementation of such models is sensible to the choice of this parameter in conjunction with the mesh size, as the mesh has to be fine enough to resolve high gradients of the crack field appearing in the transition zones. This is the main computational limit and challenge of the implementation. To overcome this limitation, a finite element method using exponential shape functions is introduced. Numerical examples show that these new shape functions perform better than standard Lagrange shape functions.
Three-Batch Reloading Scheme for IRIS Reactor Extended Cycles

To fully exploit the IRIS reactor optimized maintenance, and at the same time improve fuel utilization, a core design enabling a 4-year operating cycle together with a three-batch reloading scheme is desirable. However, this requires not only the increased allowed burnup but also use of fuel with uranium oxide enriched beyond 5%. This paper considers three-batch reloading scheme for a 4-year operating cycle with the assumptions of increased discharge burnup and fuel enrichment beyond 5%. Calculational model of IRIS reactor core has been developed based on FER FA2D code for group constants generation and NRC’s PARCS nodal code for global core analysis. Studies have been performed resulting in a preliminary design of a three-batch core configuration for the first cycle. It must be emphasized that this study is outside the current IRIS licensing efforts, which rely on the present fuel technology (enrichment below 5%), but it is of long-term interest for potential future IRIS design upgrades.
Examining the construct validity of the Basic Traits Inventory and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory in the South African context

Orientation: As there has recently been a need for researchers to consider shorter personality measures, we compared the construct validity of a longer and a shorter personality measure in the South African context. Research purpose: The main purpose of this study was to examine the discriminant and convergent validity of two personality measures that measure the big five personality factors: the longer Basic Traits Inventory (BTI) and the shorter Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Motivation for the study : Researchers have indicated a need for shorter personality measures, such as the TIPI, to assess personality dimensions. This study assessed the validity of the shorter measure in comparison with the BTI, which is considered cross-culturally valid in the South African context. Research approach, design and method: This study used a quantitative research design. Both personality measures were administered manually to a convenience sample of student participants ( n = 662), and data were analysed through factor analysis utilising oblique rotation for all items. Main findings: The main findings indicate that, although the construct validity of both measures was satisfactory, the TIPI yielded unsatisfactory reliability. Practical/managerial implications: The BTI is a more reliable measure than the TIPI, which should only be used when time is limited. Contribution/value-add: In addition to providing insight into how the length of an assessment impacts on the reliability of a measure, this study further reinforces the use of the basic traits inventory as a measure that reliably measures personality in South Africa.
PALATOSCOPY / RUGOSCOPY: A POTENTIAL TOOL IN HUMAN IDENTIFICATION

Identification of individuals is a challenging task in forensic odontology. In circumstances where identification of an individual by fingerprint or dental record comparison is difficult, the palatal rugae may be considered as an alternative source. Palatal rugae have been shown to be highly individualistic and unique and it maintains consistency in shape throughout life. In forensic dentistry, palatal rugae patterns can lead us to important information and help in a person's identification This paper reviews different classifications, techniques, advantages, limitations and clinical implications of palatoscopy.