Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QuEChERS-based study on residue determination and dissipation of three herbicides in corn fields using HPLC-MS/MS

A rapid, simple, and selective analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of florasulam, fluroxypyr, and fluroxypyr-meptyl in corn grain, plant, and soil using the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method gave mean recoveries in the range of 80%–108%, with limits of quantification ranging from 2 to 10 µg kg−1. The half-lives of the three compounds were 1.3–1.3, 0.7–1.3, and 0.7–1.3 days in plants, and 1.1–2.1, 0.4–1.3, and 0.4–1.3 days in soil. The terminal residues in all the matrices were found to be less than the limits of quantification at the pre-harvest intervals of 53 and 78 days. These results not only gave insights about the analytes but also contributed to the safe use of the broad-spectrum herbicides and a reference for establishing the maximum residue limit of florasulam in corn in China.
Musical Preference: Role of Personality and Music-Related Acoustic Features

Personality factors, typically determined by the Big Five Inventory (BFI), have been a primary method for investigating individual preferences in music. While these studies have yielded a number of insights into musical choices, weaknesses exist, owing to the methods by which music is characterized and categorized. For example, musical genre, music-preference dimensions (e.g., reflective and complex), and musical attributes (e.g., strong and mellow), reported within the literature, have arguably produced inconsistent and thus difficult to interpret results. We attempt to circumvent these inconsistencies by classifying music using objectively quantifiable acoustic features that are fundamental to Western music, such as tempo and register. Moreover, it is our contention that the link between musical preference and personality may operate primarily at the level of acoustic features and not at broader categorization levels, such as genre. This study attempts to address this issue. Ninety participants listened to and indicated preference for stimuli that were systematically manipulated by dynamics (attack rate), mode, register, and tempo. Personality was measured using the BFI, allowing for analysis of personality traits and preference for acoustic features. Results supported the link between personality and preference for certain acoustic features. Preference with respect to dynamics was related to openness and extraversion; mode to conscientiousness and extraversion; register to extraversion and neuroticism; and tempo to conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism. Though significant, these associations were relatively weak; therefore, future research could expand the number of manipulated acoustic features. Specific attempts should also aim to disentangle the effects of genre versus acoustic features on musical preferences. Personality–preference relationships at the acoustic-feature level are discussed with respect to music recommender systems and other aspects of the literature.
Different responses of ecosystem CO2 and N2O emissions and CH4 uptake to seasonally asymmetric warming in an alpine grassland of the Tianshan

Abstract. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of seasonally asymmetric warming on ecosystem respiration (Re), CH4 uptake, and N2O emissions in alpine grassland of the Tianshan of central Asia, from October 2016 to September 2019. The annual means of Re, CH4, and N2O fluxes in growing season were 42.83 mg C m−2 h−1, −41.57 µg C m−2 h−1, and 4.98 µg N m−2 h−1, respectively. Furthermore, warming during the non-growing season increased Re and CH4 uptake by 7.9 % and 10.6 % in the growing season and 10.5 % and 9.2 % in the non-growing season, respectively. However, the increase in N2O emission in the growing season was mainly caused by the warming during the growing season (by 29.7 %). The warming throughout the year and warming during the non-growing season increased N2O emissions by 101.9 % and 192.3 % in the non-growing season, respectively. The Re, CH4 uptake, and N2O emissions were positively correlated with soil temperature. Our results suggested that Re, CH4 uptake, and N2O emissions were regulated by soil temperature, rather than soil moisture, in the case of seasonally asymmetric warming. In addition, the response rate was defined by the changes in greenhouse gas fluxes driven by warming. In our field experiment, we observed the stimulatory effect of warming during the non-growing season on Re and CH4 uptake. In contrast, the response rates of Re and N2O emissions were gradually attenuated by long-term annual warming, and the response rate of Re was also weakened by warming over the growing season. These findings highlight the importance of warming in the non-growing season in regulating greenhouse gas fluxes, a finding which is crucial for improving our understanding of C and N cycles under the scenarios of global warming.
Around the world in 500 years: Inter‐regional spread of alien species over recent centuries

Aim: The number of alien species has been increasing for centuries world- wide, but temporal changes in the dynamics of their inter- regional spread remain unclear. Here, we analyse changes in the rate and extent of inter- regional spread of alien species over time and how these dynamics vary among major taxonomic groups. Location: Global. Time period: 1500– 2010. Methods: Our analysis is based on the Alien Species First Record Database, which comprises > 60,000 entries describing the year when an alien species was first recorded in a region (mostly countries and large islands) where it later established as an alien species. Based on the number and distribution of first records, we calculated metrics of spread between regions, which we termed “inter- regional spread”, and
Both high and low spatial frequencies are critical for visual consciousness in autism: Evidence of an emotional attentional blink paradigm.

High Spatial Frequencies (HSF - conveying local information) may serve a critical role in visual consciousness. Despite an HSF bias during visual perception in autism, autistic individuals demonstrate impairments in face processing. Our aim was to investigate the respective role of HSF and Low Spatial Frequencies (LSF - conveying coarse information) on visual consciousness in autism. Thirty-two autistic adults and 35 typically developing (TD) controls performed an emotional attentional blink paradigm with spatially filtered distractors. TD participants showed reduced T2 accuracy (i.e., accuracy for the second target given the correct report of the first target T1) after unfiltered and HSF distractors compared to LSF distractors. In the autistic group, we observed lower T2 accuracy than controls after HSF and LSF distractors but not after unfiltered distractors. Results suggest the importance of HSF for visual consciousness in TD participants whereas, both LSF and HSF seem important in autism.
Classification of the Anemias on the Basis of Differences in the Size and Hemoglobin Content of the Red Corpuscles.

From determinations of the number of red corpuscles, the quantity of hemoglobin, and the relative volume of packed red cells in any sample of blood it is possible to calculate the mean volume and the hemoglobin content of the red corpuscles of the sample. 1 The constants derived by these calculations are spoken of as mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular concentration. Mean corpuscular volume is expressed in cubic microns. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin refers to the actual amount of hemoglobin contained in the average red corpuscle and is expressed in micromicrograms. Mean corpuscular concentration refers to the hemoglobin contained in the red corpuscle in proportion to its volume. In the determination of this constant the red corpuscle is presumed to contain an aqueous solution of hemoglobin the concentration of which is calculated and expressed in per cent. Some 400 accurate blood determinations have been carried out in 140 patients suffering from anemia produced by a large variety of causes. On the basis of differences in the size and hemoglobin content of the red corpuscles observed in these cases, 4 distinct classes have been differentiated: I. The first and most obvious group, which can be called macrocytic, includes the cases of pernicious anemia, sprue, and a case of pernicious anemia of pregnancy. The noteworthy characteristic of this group is an increase in the mean size and hemoglobin content of the red corpuscles. The increases in corpuscular volume and in corpuscular hemoglobin are proportional and thus the normal hemoglobin concentration of the cells is not disturbed. The increases in size and hemoglobin content vary more or less inversely with the red cell count but this correlation is not entirely stict. 2
Topological Characteristics Associated with Intraoperative Stimulation Related Epilepsy of Glioma Patients: A DTI Network Study

Background: Awake craniotomy with intraoperative stimulation has been utilized in glioma surgical resection to preserve the quality of life. Epilepsy may occur in 5–20% of cases, leading to severe consequences. This study aimed to discuss the mechanism of intraoperative stimulation-related epilepsy (ISE) using DTI-based graph theoretical analysis. Methods: Twenty patients with motor-area glioma were enrolled and divided into two groups (Ep and nEp) according to the presence of ISE. Additionally, a group of 10 healthy participants matched by age, sex, and years of education was also included. All participants underwent T1, T2, and DTI examinations. Graph theoretical analysis was applied to reveal the topological characteristics of white matter networks. Results: Three connections were found to be significantly lower in at least one weighting in the Ep group. These connections were between A1/2/3truL and A4ulL, A1/2/3truR and A4tR, and A6mL and A6mR. Global efficiency was significantly decreased, while the shortest path length increased in the Ep group in at least one weighting. Ten nodes exhibited significant differences in nodal efficiency and degree centrality analyses. The nodes A6mL and A6mR showed a marked decrease in total four weightings in the Ep group. Conclusions: The hub nodes A6mL and A6mR are disconnected in patients with ISE, causing subsequent lower efficiency of global and regional networks. These findings provide a basis for presurgical assessment of ISE, for which caution should be taken when it involves hub nodes during intraoperative electrical stimulation.
Application of Pooled Testing Methodologies in Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic

The recent emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a healthcare challenge, as well as an economic threat to the world. The situation is even worse for the developing nations like India. Diagnostic tests are fundamental to the ability to detect and respond to the disease. However, finding adequate resources for that has proved to be a significant challenge. As a solution, a pooling approach for the diagnostic tests is proposed in the literature and the media. In this article, we explore several algorithms for pooling samples to reduce the number of such diagnostic tests. Through a comparative study, we look at their relative performance at different disease prevalence levels. We also discuss the impact of the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. In the context of using the quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) tests for diagnosing COVID-19 cases in India, we discuss the feasibility of using the pooling algorithms and possible avenues to improve their effectiveness.
Enhanced LBP Method to Detect Change in Brightness of Copy Pasted Region in an Image

Anyone with average knowledge about image editing software can modify an image and make people believe it is the real image. One type of image modification is to copy a portion of an image, change its brightness, and paste it onto another location. In this paper, we are intending a method to perceive the brightness changes in the copy-pasted region of a colour image by applying LBP (Local Binary Pattern) on all three channels R(red), G(green), and B(blue) of an image. After the application of the LBP, the image is separated into overlapping blocks, and those blocks with equal LBP values in each channel indicate brightness or contrast modified pasted regions. Each of the channels detected regions are combined to identify brightness change in the duplicated region of the image.
Preferential Location of Coinage Metal Dopants (M = Ag or Cu) in [Au25–xMx(SC2H4Ph)18]− (x ∼ 1) As Determined by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and Density Functional Theory Calculations

The preferential locations of Ag and Cu atoms in the initial stage of doping into [Au25(SC2H4Ph)18]− were studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory computations. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra of [Au23.8Ag1. 2(SC2H4Ph)18]− at the Ag K-edge were reproduced using a model structure in which the Ag dopant occupied a surface site in the icosahedral Au13 core that was computationally the most stable site. In contrast, the Cu K-edge EXAFS spectra of [Au23.6Cu1. 4(SC2H4Ph)18]− indicated that the Cu dopant was preferentially located at the oligomer site that was computationally less stable than the surface site. This discrepancy between the Cu location experimentally determined and that theoretically predicted was explained in terms of variations in the stability of the Cu dopant at the two sites against aerobic oxidation. These results demonstrate that the mixing patterns of bimetallic clusters are determined not only by the thermodynamic stability but also.
Plant Community Structure within a Reclamation Field Trial and Forested Reference Sites in a Post-Mine Environment

Early successional plant community assemblage within a reclamation field trial at the Detour Lake Mine in northeastern Ontario is assessed, and compared with reference forested and historically reclaimed sites. The reclamation field trial examines eight amendment treatment combinations that include treatments with a winter kill cover crop of oats, fertilizer, biosolids, peat, and combinations thereof. The objectives of this study are to: (1) Investigate how soil amendments influence plant functional group establishment and growth in mine overburden; and (2) Explore the amendment properties that best support the establishment and growth of a plant community that resembles the baseline reference sites. Currently, the presence of non-native species and a dominant woody plant community explains the largest proportion of variance between the forested upland and lowland reference sites and all reclaimed sites. Similar to non-native species, graminoids were absent from the upland forested reference sites. The difference in the graminoid community explains much of the variance between the forested reference sites and all reclaimed sites. The cumulative additions of fertilizer and peat increased alpha diversity of non-native and graminoid plants within the amendment treatments, which had greater alpha diversity of these plant functional groups than the forested reference sites. Within the amendment treatments, non-native and graminoid alpha diversity was initially greater in the nutrient treatments, but by 2019 there was no significant difference in non-native or graminoid alpha diversity between amendment treatments. The results indicate that applications of nutrients through fertilizer or biosolids may increase graminoid alpha diversity and abundance within reclamation units in year 1. The results also confirm that the vascular plant community composition present within the historically reclaimed sites and amendment treatments does not resemble the forested reference sites. The plant community present within the amendment treatment sites is best described as early successional, with the presence of non-native herbaceous legumes dominating the historically reclaimed sites. Despite this, the results indicate that fertilizer and biosolids-based treatments have developed a vascular plant community, excluding woody species that is more similar to the forested reference sites than the peat-based treatments. Further research and long-term monitoring are needed to determine which amendment treatment will best support a plant community that resembles the forested reference sites. In addition, future studies of this nature might consider including wildfire affected and post-harvested forest stands as additional reference sites, to better capture possible plant community trajectories of a severely disturbed environment.
Facilitators and barriers to women’s access to top management positions in the hospitality industry

Abstract The current study proposes a model to analyze the factors that facilitate or impede women’s access to management positions in the hospitality industry, including individual-level (perception of women’s leadership skills and experience), institutional-level (organizational misconceptions of women, stereotypes and organizational cultural barriers) and interactional-level (work-life balance). Data were collected from women managers in 261 hotels in Madrid and the headquarters of the top 25 Spanish hotel chains. The conceptual model was tested by partial least squares (SmartPLS 3.0). The results indicate the three levels of influence on women being promoted to management positions, institutional-level factors being the main barriers in discrimination.
Climate change induced deprivation of dietary essential fatty acids can reduce growth and mitochondrial efficiency of wild juvenile salmon

1. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are essential micronutrients for optimal functioning of cellular metabolism and for somatic growth of all vertebrates including fishes. In addition, n-3 LC-PUFA could also play a key role in response of fishes and other ectothermic vertebrates to changing temperatures. 2. An important, but largely overlooked, consequence of climate change is the reduced availability of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA in aquatic food webs. Changes in availability of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA have recently been proposed as a major driver of novel adaptations and diversification of consumers. Yet, there is only limited knowledge about how n-3 LC-PUFA depletion in aquatic food-webs will affect the performance of wild fishes. 3. Here we combine biochemistry and physiology at the cellular level with physiological and cognitive processes at the whole-animal level to test how ecologically relevant deprivation of n-3 LC-PUFA affects performance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). 4. We found that juvenile salmon had a limited capacity to maintain the fatty acid profile of both muscle and brain under a n-3 LC-PUFA-deficient diet. Despite these findings, brain tissues showed remarkable functional stability in mitochondrial metabolism, and we found no effect of diet on learning ability. However, we found that mitochondrial efficiency in muscles and the somatic growth were reduced under a n-3 LC-PUFA-deficient diet. Importantly, we discovered that the somatic growth of juvenile salmon within both treatments decreased with increasing rate of DHA synthesis and retention. 5. Since DHA is essential for functioning of cellular metabolism, which together with body size are traits closely related to fitness of wild fishes, we suggest that the trade-off between growth rate and accumulation of DHA could play a critical role in resilience of juvenile salmon to the ongoing rapid environmental change.
Identification of the Ferroptosis-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs Signature to Improve the Prognosis Prediction in patients with NSCLC

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung carcinoma with an unfavorable prognosis. Ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent programmed cell death, is involved in the development of multiple cancers. Of note, the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in NSCLC remains uncertain. Methods: Gene expression profiles and clinical information of NSCLC were retrieved from the TCGA database. Ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) were explored in the FerrDb database and ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRGs-lncRNAs) were identified by the correlation analysis and the LncTarD database. Next, The differentially expressed FRGs-lncRNAs were screened and FRGs-lncRNAs associated with the prognosis were explored by univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Then, an FRGs-lncRNAs signature was constructed by the Lasso-penalized Cox model in the training cohort and verified by internal and external validation. Finally, the potential correlation between risk score, immune response, and chemotherapeutic sensitivity was further investigated.Results: 129 lncRNAs with a potential regulatory relationship with 59 differentially expressed FRGs were found in NSCLC and 10 FRGs-lncRNAs associated with the prognosis of NSCLC were identified (P<0.05). 9 prognostic-related FRGs-lncRNAs (AQP4-AS1, DANCR, LINC00460, LINC00892, LINC00996, MED4-AS1, SNHG7, UCA1, and WWC2-AS2) were used to construct the prognostic model and stratify patients with NSCLC into high- and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a worse outcome in patients with high risk (P<0.05). Moreover, a good predictive capacity of this signature in predicting NSCLC prognosis was confirmed by the ROC curve analysis. Additionally, 45 immune checkpoint genes and 8 m6A-related genes were found differentially expressed in the two risk groups, and the sensitivity of 28 chemotherapeutics were identified to be correlated with the risk score. Conclusion: A novel FRGs-lncRNAs signature was successfully constructed, which may contribute to improving the management strategies of NSCLC.