Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using 2 Genetic Markers to Discriminate Among Canada Goose Populations in Ohio

Abstract Canada goose (Branta canadensis) harvest management depends on reliable estimates of harvest composition, and established genetic methods provide an alternative to traditional methods. We expanded upon previous genetic studies by comparing the utility of 6 nuclear microsatellite loci and mitochondrial (mtDNA) control region sequences for discriminating among giant (B. c. maxima) and interior (B. c. interior) populations in Ohio (USA) Canada goose harvests at both individual and population levels. Subspecies and populations exhibited greater differentiation in mtDNA (FST = 0.202) than microsatellites (FST = 0.021), as would be expected based on differences in effective population size. Neither microsatellites nor mtDNA alone were sufficient for estimating harvest composition at the subspecies or population level in simulations and empirical blind tests using individuals of known origin; however, a combined microsatellite + mtDNA dataset yielded accurate and precise harvest derivations at the subspecies level. Both population-level mixed stock analysis and individual-level assignment tests provided accurate results, but a large proportion of birds could not be assigned with confidence at the individual level. We applied mixed stock analysis and the combined microsatellite + mtDNA dataset to Ohio's 2003–2004 harvest and found that interior populations accounted for 4.9% (95% CI = 1.7–8.0%) of the statewide early season and 9.3% (95% CI = 6.9–11.6%) of the regular and late-season harvested sample. These results suggest that maximum likelihood harvest derivations are highly dependent on the choice of genetic markers. Studies should only employ markers that exhibit sufficient variation and have been shown through simulations and empirical testing to accurately discriminate among the subspecies or management populations of interest.
Socio-economical analysis of fishery co-operatives and associates in Istanbul

In this study, socio-economical structure of the Marmara Sea (Istanbul) coastal fishermen who are members of fishery co-operatives was investigated. For this purpose, fifty fishery co-oper-atives which of fifteen located in Anatolian Side of Marmara Sea were analyzed. The county center where the fishery co-operatives affiliated were visited to determine the number of members and the boats and also during 2007-2008 fishing season at different times the ques-tionnaire forms were filled out face to face with fishermen. According to the results obtained, length of fishing boats varied between 6.00 to 9.00 meter and all of them were motorized. Fi-shermen ages ranged between 29-83 and among them 2.6 % were literate, 41.7% graduated from primary school, 20.0% from secondary school, 27.0% from high school and 8.7% from university. 21-30 years of professional experience in fishing had the highest ratio with 29.6% and 62.6% of them did only fishing line, 37.4% net-fishing line 44.3% of fishermen’s income originated only from fishing and 55.7% did fishing to support family budget with an extra in-come. 80.9% of fishermen had a social security and 65.2% of them had their own houses. As a result, it can be said that in investigated area co-operatives and fisherman did not keep records sufficiently, they had low incomes and the marketing organizations were not sufficient.
FIELD TRIALS OF CONTROL MEASURES FOR PARASITIC DISEASES OF SHEEP

Field tests of methods of helminth parasite control through anthelmintic medication of sheep flocks on the ranges of the Central Experimental Farm, Dominion Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, during 1937, 1938, 1940, and 1941 are described briefly.Some observations on the effects of parasite burdens have been made.Following the development of phenothiazine in 1939 as a practical and highly effective anthelmintic for sheep, medication of adult sheep before the pasturing season was very effective in preventing nodular worm infections in lambs. One early spring treatment in 1940 and a similar one in 1941 reduced the incidence of nodular disease lesions to 0.65 per lamb, a reduction from the figures of 1938 of 99.1% in the lambs slaughtered in the autumn.In spite of no treatment of the lambs during 1940 and 1941, Haemonchus, Monodontus, and Cooperia were reduced to very low numbers and no significant increase in other genera occurred.It is suggested that Oesophagostomum has been reduced to a level too low for.
The effect of nickel on the hydrogen metabolism of the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica

The oxyhydrogen reaction of the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica was shown to be dependent on the availability of nickel ions in the growth medium. The rate of nitrogenase-catalyzed hydrogen formation was shown to be inversely related to the capacity of the cells to consume hydrogen gas as seen by experiments in which the nickel ion concentration was systematically varied. Nickel-depleted cultures released hydrogen in air and dinitrogen.
Evaluation of Joint Cartilage and Subchondral Bone using Arthroscopic Ultrasound Imaging

Introduction Evaluation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone is essential in diagnostics of joint diseases and injuries. The inter-observer reliability of the arthroscopic grading of cartilage lesions has been reported to be poor (1). Furthermore, the arthroscopic assessment of chondral injuries and stability of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is challenging (2). For more objective evaluation of cartilage ultrasound arthroscopy (UA) has been introduced (3).
Arid geomorphology

In the last year or so there has been much in the literature to interest the arid and semi-arid geomorphologist including several books (e.g., Dutton, 1988; Lancaster, 1989a; Thomas, 1989a; Warren, 1989), a new journal, Land Degradation and Rehabilitation which is likely to attract papers relating to desertification, and review articles on various crust and evaporite phenomena (Hesse, 1989; Goudie, 1989; Wright, 1989). This review, however, concentrates on remote sensing and various aspects of fluvial and aeolian activity in arid environments.
Demography of Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) on the Missouri River

Abstract. Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) have recently expanded their breeding range into the northern Great Plains. We studied the nest success and survival of Snowy Plovers nesting on the Missouri River between Nebraska and South Dakota from 2008–2011 by monitoring nests every 2–3 days and banding adults and chicks. We used the logistic exposure method to estimate nest success and capture-recapture models in Program MARK to estimate adult and chick survival. Snowy Plover nests had a daily survival rate of 0.978 ± 0.008, and annual adult apparent survival rate was 0.588 ± 0.119. In addition, we estimated that 0.63 ± 0.12 of Snowy Plover chicks survived to fledging (30 days) during our study. The results for Snowy Plovers were similar to results for Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) breeding in the same area, and the demographic rates in this study were similar to those reported from established portions of the species' range. Recent breeding range expansion may be due to spring flooding on established breeding grounds coupled with the drying of lakes and reservoirs in the northern Great Plains. Continued monitoring of breeding populations in this region should determine if expansion of the breeding area described in this study will persist, offering a rare opportunity to learn about population dynamics at the forefront of a species' range expansion.
Effects of live tree fumigation on nontarget vegetation

Des sapins de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, sains et infectes par Inonotus sulphurascens (Pilat) M.J. Larsen, F.F. Lombard, & J.W. Clark (Phellinus weirii sensu lato), ont ete fumiges avec la chloropicrine ou l'isothiocyanate de methyl dans une station de la chaine cotiere de l'Oregon. Dix ans plus tard, le couvert vegetal au sol present dans les parcelles entourant les arbres traites et temoins a ete evalue pour evaluer l'effet des fumigants sur les plantes non vises par le traitement. Le couvert total et le couvert d'especes individuelles, comme Berberis nervosa Pursh et Stokesiella oregana (Sull.) Robins, furent significativement reduits dans les parcelles traitees avec la chloropicrine. L'arbuste dominant, Gaultheria shallon Pursh, a ete peu affecte dans les parcelles traitees. La richesse en especes et le couvert de Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. qui etaient legerement plus eleves dans les parcelles traitees avec la chloropicrine furent attribues a des niveaux de lumiere plus eleves et a d'autres facteurs associes au faible couvert d'arbustes dans les parcelles traitees. L'analyse multivariee a montre peu de recouvrement dans la structure de la communaute vegetale entre les parcelles temoins et celles qui avaient ete traitees avec la chloropicrine. La detection des effets dus au traitement avec l'isothiocyanate de methyl a ete rendue difficile a cause du mauvais pairage des arbres temoins. Les resultats sont discutes dans le contexte d'une etude retrospective
Robust dynamics of Amazon dieback to climate change with perturbed ecosystem model parameters

Climate change science is increasingly concerned with methods for managing and integrating sources of uncertainty from emission storylines, climate model projections, and ecosystem model parameterizations. In tropical ecosystems, regional climate projections and modeled ecosystem responses vary greatly, leading to a significant source of uncertainty in global biogeochemical accounting and possible future climate feedbacks. Here, we combine an ensemble of IPCC‐AR4 climate change projections for the Amazon Basin (eight general circulation models) with alternative ecosystem parameter sets for the dynamic global vegetation model, LPJmL. We evaluate LPJmL simulations of carbon stocks and fluxes against flux tower and aboveground biomass datasets for individual sites and the entire basin. Variability in LPJmL model sensitivity to future climate change is primarily related to light and water limitations through biochemical and water‐balance‐related parameters. Temperature‐dependent parameters related to plant respiration and photosynthesis appear to be less important than vegetation dynamics (and their parameters) for determining the magnitude of ecosystem response to climate change. Variance partitioning approaches reveal that relationships between uncertainty from ecosystem dynamics and climate projections are dependent on geographic location and the targeted ecosystem process. Parameter uncertainty from the LPJmL model does not affect the trajectory of ecosystem response for a given climate change scenario and the primary source of uncertainty for Amazon ‘dieback’ results from the uncertainty among climate projections. Our approach for describing uncertainty is applicable for informing and prioritizing policy options related to mitigation and adaptation where long‐term investments are required.
Fine Structure of the Envelope and Micropyles in the Eggs of the White Sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardson

The structure of the egg envelope and micropyles of the white sturgeon was examined with light and electron microscopy. The mature ovum is 3.5–4.0 mm in diameter and is covered by a thick envelope (50 μm) that consists of four distinct layers. The outermost layer, L4, is electron dense and amorphous. Interior to this is layer three (L3), containing numerous pores, or ductules. Layer two (L2) contains screwlike projections that anchor L3 and L4 to the egg. The innermost layer, L1, is closely apposed to the oolemma. Numerous micropyles (average 7) are restricted to a 100–200 μm region at the animal pole and penetrate the egg envelope. The outer opening of these rnicropyles measures 15 μm in diameter. The micropylar canal tapers twice, eventually terminating at the oolemma with an inner opening diameter of 1.2 μm. The micropyles of the white sturgeon egg appear more complex than micropyles in other fish eggs.
Stimulation of p53 Transactivation Ability by Nicastrin in Mouse Fibroblasts

Nicastrin (NCSTN), a component of the γ-secretase complex, is involved in the p53-dependent apoptosis of neurons, although its mechanism remains unclear. We analyzed the effects of NCSTN transfection on the transactivity of p53 in ras-NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts with a luciferase assay. Luciferase activity was elevated after transfection, suggesting the stimulation of p53 transactivation ability. In addition, the protein levels of endogenous mouse p53 and transfected human p53 increased. The effects of NCSTN appeared to be independent of γ-secretase activity because it was not inhibited by the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT. The functional domains of NCSTN were further examined with NCSTN deletion mutants. Activation of the p53-responsive promoter was completely diminished in a NCSTN mutant lacking the amino acid residues between 306 and 360. Since this domain is a γ-secretase-substrate-recognition site, the activation of p53 by NCSTN may be mediated by γ-secretase-substrate-like molecules.
Research on Chemical Composition of Some Varieties of European Plums (Prunus domestica) Adapted to the Aegean District of Turkey

The physical characteristics and chemical composition of 11 plum varieties adapted to the Aegean region of Turkey at Ege Agricultural Research Institute, Izmir, were investigated. Variety Giant had the most fruit weight within all the plum varieties and it was followed by Krikon Damson, Tuleu Timpuriu, and Baneasa 3/5. Mean chemical compositions for all varieties were as follows: moisture, 837.4 g kg-1; soluble solids, 155.5 g kg-1; titratable acidity, 15.1 g kg-1; soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio, 12.6; total sugar, 96.5 g kg-1; total sugar to acidity ratio, 7.59; reducing sugar, 51.9 g kg-1; sucrose, 42.4 g kg-1; ascorbic acid, 157.9 mg kg-1; protein, 7.5 g kg-1; ash, 5.5 g kg-1; sodium 161.53 mg kg-1; potassium, 2228.12 mg kg-1; calcium, 25.47 mg kg-1; iron, 4.70 mg kg-1; pH 3.46. Imperial Epineuse was the most suitable variety for drying. Grand Prize had the highest ascorbic acid content. Keywords: European plums; Prunus domestica; Chemical composition; Physical characteristics
Wound healing herbs - a review.

Wound is a general complication seen all over the world and plants are mostly considered as a primary remedy to heal wounds. Lot of research on medicinal plants is now on par with synthetic molecules for decades to heal wounds, though a smaller complication yet dangerous if left untreated. Traditionally plant materials are used to treat and heal wounds for several thousand years. All the Indian systems of medicine, Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani describe drugs of plant, mineral and animal origin to treat and heal wounds. Plants are given prime importance as they are easily available but scientific evidence for their wound healing activity is available for only few plant materials. Turmeric is most commonly used all over India from decades to treat any small cuts, bruises or wounds. Nature is blessed with a variety of medicinal plants which upon exploration can provide us wonderful drugs which can be used to heal almost all ailments. This paper presents a limited review of plants used for wound healing.
Evaluation of the coordinated development of regional water resource systems based on a dynamic coupling coordination model

Coupling and coordination analyses of regional water resource systems (WRS) play an important role in promoting the sustainable and coordinated development of those systems. In this paper, a dynamic coupling coordination model is introduced to study the coordinated development of WRS. The weight of each index is obtained using an improved entropy weight method. The coupling and coordination degrees between resource subsystems and other subsystems and an entire system of water resources can be obtained using this mentioned model. Taking Heilongjiang, China, as an example, the results showed that in 2005–2014, the WRS exhibited low coupling and low coordination characteristics due to a substantial contradiction between the resource subsystem and the social and economic and ecological subsystems. Therefore, strengthening the overall development of water resources, society, economy and ecology and improving the coupling abilities between resource subsystems and each of the other subsystems are effective strategies for promoting the coordinated development of WRS.
THE RECONSTRUCTION OF VEGETATION CHANGE IN NYÍRES-TÓ MIRE (NE HUNGARY): AN IMAGE-SEGMENTATION STUDY

The study area is the peaty bed of Nyires-to mire which is situated in the northeastern Alfold on the Bereg Plain. For this paper we used a digital photo interpretation method with which we reconstructed the former vegetation from black and white aerial photos, and made chronosequence of vegetation maps. The image segmentation method dissolves the photo into different objects (segments) by spectral and textural parameters. The segments consist of similar pixels, representing a unique ground object. We made the segmentation with the Definiens Inc. eCognition software. The stability of the mire was calculated with GRID-files. The historical vegetation maps show, that after many arid years, the tree or shrub dominant associations increased until the eighties. Later, the sufficient precipitation and the artificial flooding stabilised the tree covering. The analysis of GRID-files shown, that 45.77% of the pixels get code 1 (stable), 44.32% get code 2 (slightly changeable) and only 9.91% get code 3 (changeable).
Authenticity Determination of Meat and Meat Products on the Protein and DNA Basis

Adulterated food can be defined as food incompatible with the declaration of the seller. In the case of meat and meat articles, adulterations refer not only to the replacement of ingredients but also to inappropriate information concerning the origin of raw materials. Methods aiming at investigating meat and meat product authenticity may be based either on the analysis of protein composition or on the analysis of nucleic acids. At the present time, meat and meat product authenticity investigations based on protein analysis employ electrophoretic, enzymic, and chromatographic methods, sometimes supported by the mass spectrometry technique. On the other hand, species identification is often based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Biochips present a promising technology.
Genetic population structure in prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) reflects isolation-by-environment between two life-history ecotypes

Life-history transitions have evolved repeatedly in numerous taxa, although the ecological and evolutionary conditions favouring such transitions in the presence of gene flow remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to disentangle the effects of isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-environment on genetic differentiation between two sympatric life-history ecotypes. Using 14 microsatellite loci, we first characterized amphidromous and freshwater groups of Cottus asper in a high gene flow setting in the Lower Fraser River system (south-western British Columbia, Canada) to test for the effects of habitat and geographical distance on the distribution of life-history ecotypes. Within the main river channel, no genetic differentiation was found, whereas tributaries even close to the estuary were genetically differentiated. Partial mantel tests confirmed that genetic differentiation between river tributaries and the main channel was independent from geographical distance, with distance-scaled migration rates indicating reduced gene flow from the main channel into the tributaries. Our results suggest that isolation-by-environment can play an important role for the early stage of life-history transitions, and may promote differentiation among life-history ecotypes despite the presence of gene flow. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 113, 943–957.
Independence of neutral and adaptive divergence in a low dispersal marine mollusc

Identifying how the interplay between neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes shapes the spatial structure of natural populations is a central task in ecology and conservation biology. In marine populations, generally characterised by large population sizes and high gene flow, the simultaneous use of multiple descriptors (i.e. genetic, morphological, life-history, etc.) can be particularly helpful in unravelling the often subtle and complex spatial patterns observed. The gastropod Buccinum undatum (common whelk) lacks a planktonic larval stage, which could promote isolation of local populations and lead to phenotypic divergence through genetic drift or local adaptation. Despite the commercial significance of this species, the relative importance of these 2 forces remains unknown. Here, we used microsatellites, geometric morphometrics and shell thickness measurements to investigate the evolutionary dynamics generating spatial variation in 10 whelk populations in coastal waters around Ireland. Genetic diversity was generally high and genetic structure moderate but significant (overall FST = 0.019), in accordance with an isolation-by-distance pattern. Phenotypic divergence, as measured by PST, was uncorrelated with, and much more pronounced than, neutral divergence (FST), indicating that environmental variation rather than population isolation drives phenotypic differentiation. For some traits, at least, diversifying selection is likely to be involved unless additive genetic components of phenotypic variation among populations are very low. Our results document a lack of correspondence between neutral and adaptive divergence, and highlight the need to couple connectivity estimates with the assessment of ecologically relevant traits in fisheries management and conservation.
Ultrastructure and supramolecular organization of photosynthetic membranes of some marine red algae

summary The ultrastructure and supramolecular organization of photosynthetic membranes in four species of marine red algae (Porphyra yezoensis, Porphyra leucosticta, Erythrocladia subintegra, Pterothamnion crispum) were studied both in replicas of rapidly frozen cells and in ultrathin sections. Because the thylakoids in red algal chloroplasts are not stacked, freeze-fractured thylakoid membranes exhibit only two types of fracture faces (EF and PF). In all four species the PF reveals numerous, tightly packed, but randomly distributed particles (density range from 3530 to 4970 particles μm−2 for Porphyra yezoensis). The particle size distribution is uniform in the two types of fracture faces with an average diameter of about 11.3–11.6 nm in all four algae. The phycobilisomes of Porphyra yezoensis and Erythrocladia subintegra have the approximate shape of a compressed rotation ellipsoid with the following dimensions; Porphyra yezoensis, length 52.8±1.2 nm, thickness 24.4±0.6 run, height 34.6±1 nm; Erythrocladia subintegra, length 45.1±0.7 nm, thickness 23.1±0.5 nm, height 29.4±0.9 nm. In Porphyra yezoensis, Porphyra leucosticta and Erythrocladia subintegra both the phycobilisomes and EF particles are organized into rows with a spacing of 70–80 nm in Porphyra yezoensis, 65–75 nm in Porphyra leucosticta and 53.8–55 nm in Erythrocladia subintegra. EF particle complexes with four subunits were found in Porphyra yezoensis. In Pterothamnion crispum the shape of the phycobilisomes is hemiellipsoidal. The phycobilisomes seem to be organized into rows; their centre to centre periodicity is c. 60 nm. Porphyra yezoensis cells possess about 770±58 phycobilisomes μm−2 of thylakoid surface, whereas the number of EF particles is about 1270±203 μm−2 Thus, the ratio of phycobilisomes to EF particles is c. 0.6. In Erythrocladia subintegra the ratio of phycobilisomes to EF particles is about 0.7. Of special interest is the ocurrence of a crystalline matrix in pyrenoids of Porphyra leucosticta and the absence of phycobilisomes in the intrapyrenoid thylakoids of Porphyra yezoensis and Erythrocladia subintegra.