Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spanish mediaeval frescoes at Basconcillos del Tozo: a Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study

The late mediaeval frescoes in the Church of SS Cosmo and Damian at Basconcillos del Tozo, Castille y Leon, Spain, were studied using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. The paintings were only discovered about 3 years ago and afforded a rare opportunity for spectroscopic analysis of pigments and substrata which have not been subjected to cleaning or re-touching over the last 600 years. Although in a polychrome palette, the most common pigments were reds, followed by black, yellow and blue; 20 samples were taken for analysis. The red pigments were identified spectroscopically and a hierarchical application is evident, with pure cinnabar being used for only the most important biblical figures. There is evidence in two of the samples taken of hydrated calcium oxalate, probably arising from lichen colonization, but it is not possible to infer whether this is pre- or post-mural painting. The substrate shows no evidence for the presence of a gypsum plaster. The difference between the red pigments in the paintings is associated spectroscopically with mixtures of red ochre and cinnabar in the figures and also organic coloured resins in the background. There is also some spectroscopic evidence for the inclusion of red lead in figures in the lower panels. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROLESS NiP ALLOYS

Abstract Structural changes caused by heating in electroless nickel-phosphorus (EN) coatings developed using EnplateTM commercial bath were investigated at two phosphorus compositions: 4.5 wt% (low phosphorus EN) and 11.3 wt% (high phosphorus EN). The investigation was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The microstructure of as-plated low phosphorus coating is partly amorphous and partly microcrystalline, whereas the as-plated high phosphorus EN coating is amorphous. The results further showed that the microstructure of EN coatings is significantly affected by post-coating heat treatment which causes the precipitation of nickel crystallites and various forms of nickel phosphides. Precipitation of these phases affects the mechanical, physical and electrochemical properties of EN coatings. On a investigué les changements structuraux, causés par le chauffage, de revêtements autocatalytiques de nickel–phosphore (EN) développés en utilisant le bain commercial EnplateTM, à deux compositions de phosphore: 4.5% en poids (En à faible teneur en phosphore) et 11.3% en poids (EN à haute teneur en phosphore). On a effectué l’investigation au moyen de la microscopie électronique à transmission (TEM), de la microscopie électronique à balayage (SEM), de la spectrométrie à dispersion d’énergie de rayons X (EDX) et de la diffractométrie des rayons X. La microstructure du revêtement brut à faible teneur en phosphore est partiellement amorphe et partiellement microcristalline, alors que le revêtement brut EN à haute teneur en phosphore est amorphe. Les résultats ont de plus montré que la microstructure des revêtements EN est affectée de façon importante par le traitement thermique postrevêtement, lequel entraîne la précipitation de cristallites de nickel et des formes variées de phosphures de nickel. La précipitation des ces phases affecte les propriétés mécaniques, physiques et électrochimiques des revêtements EN.
KERAGAMAN IKAN LAUT DANGKAL PROVINSI BENGKULU

Provinsi Bengkulu dengan 14.929,54 km 2 perairan laut dan 525 km garis pantai diduga akan berhubungan dengan keragaman ikan laut yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi jenis-jenis ikan laut dangkal di perairan Provinsi Bengkulu. Sampel ikan laut yang diinventarisasi terbatas pada hasil tangkapan nelayan menggunakan pukat tepi atau perahu tradisional tanpa lampu. Lokasi pengambilan sampel ( sampling ) pada penelitian ini adalah di kawasan Pantai Zakat dan Pulau Baai Kota Bengkulu, dan Desa Lubuk Tanjung Bengkulu Utara. Sampling dilakukan dengan metode sensus berupa koleksi terhadap semua jenis yang ditemukan, dan dihentikan jika temuan jenis baru kurang dari 10% dari jenis yang sudah didapatkan sebelumnya. Sampel dideskripsi berdasarkan struktur meristik dan morfometrik, dan diidentifikasi berdasarkan kunci identifikasi yang relevan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 37 spesies (27 famili) ikan laut dangkal yang terdapat di Provinsi Bengkulu. Famili dengan keragaman terbesar adalah Clupeidae dan Carangidae, yaitu masing-masing sebanyak empat dan tiga jenis. Jenis yang konsisten ditemukan di ketiga lokasi adalah Arius thalassinus ( Gaguk ), Eleutheronema tetradactylum ( Senangin), Johnius borneensis ( Kerong ) , Johnius trachycephalus ( Galama ) , Opisthopterus tardoore ( Bleberan ), dan Pentaprion longimanus ( Kape-kape karang ) . Hanya satu jenis yang termasuk dalam Chondrichthyes yaitu Taeniura lymna . Lokasi Pantai Zakat memiliki keragaman jenis tertinggi, yaitu sebanyak 17 jenis. Lokasi dengan keragaman ikan laut terendah adalah Pulau Baai yaitu hanya sebanyak delapan jenis. Province of Bengkulu with its 14.929,54 km 2 sea waters and 525 km shoreline is expected to correlate with a high diversity of marine fish. This research aims to inventorize the diversity of marine fishes in the epipelagic zone Province of Bengkulu. Sample in this research was restricted only to the fishes that was caught by using traditional boat or shore trawl. The sampling stations were in Pantai Zakat and Pulau Baai at city of Bengkulu, and Lubuk Tanjung village at Bengkulu Utara. Cencus method was applied by collecting all the located species, and sampling was terminated if the new species was found less than 10% of the total identified sample. Sample was described based on the meristic and morphometric structure, and then was identified for its scientific name by using some related references. This research found 37 species (27 family) of sea fish at epipelagic zone of Bengkulu Province. Family with the highest diversity were Clupeidae and Carangidae, with four and three species respectively. There are six species that were consistently found in all sampling locations, i.e. Arius thalassinus ( Gaguk ), Eleutheronema tetradactylum ( Senangin), Johnius borneensis ( Kerong ) , Johnius trachycephalus ( Galama ) , Opisthopterus tardoore ( Bleberan ), and Pentaprion longimanus ( Kape-kape karang ) . Only a species, Taeniura lymna, belongs to the Chondrichthyes. Pantai Zakat has the highest diversity with 17 species, while Pulau Baai was the lowest with only eight species.
Ammonium Pyrrolidinedithio-carbamate-Methyl Isobutyl ketone-Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption System for Some Trace Metas in Drinking Water

Abstract A critical study of the solution conditions and other parameters affecting the reliability of the ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate-methyl isobutyl ketone (APDC-MIBK) extraction system for Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb was made. The following parameters were investigated in detail: pH of the aqueous phase prior to extraction, amount of APDC added to the solution following pH adjustment, the length of time needed for complete extraction and the time-stability of the chelate in the organic phase. Except for Ag and Cr which were quantitatively extracted only in a very narrow pH range (1.0-2.0 and 1.8-3.0, respectively), and Cd and Pb which were stable in the extracted MIBK phase only for 2-3 hrs, the solution conditions for quantitative extraction were not critical for the other metals. Simultaneous extraction of all the metals except Cd and Pb was also investigated, Good recoveries (100±10%) were obtained for a number of spiked raw, treated and distributed drinking water samples covering.
The effectiveness of machine translation to improve the system of translating language on cultural context

The objective of this study is to present the effectiveness of machine translation in translating language provided by the technology as well as to point out some disadvantages and advantages in using Google Translate (GT) on the cultural context in Indonesia. This research results that the written translation is better than the translation of images using GT. Consider the cultural context as expressive in society to be spread throughout the world, and GT as one of the technological tools available in communication must be used well to overcome language translation systems and cultural barriers.
Building enduring culture involvement, destination identification and destination loyalty through need fulfilment

ABSTRACT Involvement and identification have been deemed as prominent constructs that result in favourable outcomes for a holiday destination. However, research that investigates the drivers of these two constructs is very limited. Drawing upon Self Determination Theory (SDT), this study examines how fulfilling the need for autonomy, relatedness and competence (ARC) would affect involvement, identification and loyalty. Based on a survey of 725 respondents, the findings show that if the destination is able to foster tourists’ need fulfilment, these tourists will have higher involvement, identification and ultimately become loyal to the destination. The findings of this study also show the mediating role of involvement and identification. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
Improving Quality of Education by Evaluating the Capacity of Lecturers Using a Web Based System

Evaluating the capacity of lecturer is the key to improve quality of education by improving lecturer capacity in higher education institution. Lecturer’s capacity has been evaluated using different parameters in Assosa University, Ethiopia. Mandatorily, lecturers are evaluated using printed check list. For the last few years we observed that, the lecturer efficiency score is found on the shelf and not checked by anyone to know the gaps and to establish follow-up system. The use of intranet based web system is better to use lecturer’s efficiency result to monitor their performance and to establish follow-up mechanism. In this study, a prototype of web based yearbook efficiency management system for evaluating and monitoring the performance of lecturers was designed and developed. The evaluation process in the system was presented according to the university evaluation format. The output generated by the proposed system can be used by lecturers, HoD, HRM and academic managers to monitor teaching performance.
Basic Electroencephalogram and Its Common Clinical Applications in Children

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive neurophysiological study that monitors electrical activity of the brain. EEG is an essential investigational tool to analyze and record electrical impulses of the brain and considered to be the gold standard electrophysiological test which can be used to help diagnose epilepsy. EEG can also be used to diagnose and evaluate other conditions such as sleep disorders, neurometabolic diseases with encephalopathy and neuropsychiatric disorders. It is also an essential ancillary test in other conditions such as brain death assessment. However, it is essential not to entirely rely on EEG for an absolute diagnosis of epilepsy as the main indication of EEG in general and in Pediatric age group in particular is to categorize different types of seizure and epilepsy syndromes for further evaluation and management.
Relationship between El Niño Southern Oscillation and Mexico’s orange yield anomalies

Los efectos de la Oscilación del Sur El Niño pueden ser medidos como sus impactos sobre los rendimientos de los cultivos. Sin embargo, esos efectos sobre los cultivos principales en México han sido estudiados escasamente. En este trabajo, el objetivo principal fue identificar las correlaciones entre las anomalías de rendimiento medio anual desde 1980 hasta 2015 de los cultivos limón (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck) o naranja (Citrus sinensis L.) en México y la Oscilación del Sur El Niño (OSEN) al involucrar el Índice OSEN Multivariado Ampliado (MEI.ext) o el Índice Niño Oceánico (ONI). Los resultados indican que el OSEN y las anomalías de rendimiento medio anual de limón estuvieron no correlacionados. Por el contrario, los eventos extremos del OSEN en su fase El Niño han tenido efectos positivos sobre las anomalías de rendimiento medio anual de naranja, especialmente de julio a noviembre.
Getting smart: towards critical digital literacy pedagogies

ABSTRACT Many researchers agree that awareness of agency and how it is enacted through different participants holds a key role in developing digital literacy. Recognition of the ways in which digital tools can appropriate and shape humans’ semiotic work and even act out roles in communication is part of critical digital literacy. In digital environments, humans interact with the content (not just consume it) through interfaces that may include touchscreen, voice commands, eye movement and hand gesture, often accompanied by non-human agents (e.g. bots). The need to make transparent the hidden design intentions of these non-human liaisons is becoming more and more essential, particularly for formal educational scenarios where digital tools are commonly used. This study explores how different roles of human and non-human agents in an online environment can be made salient and how teachers can promote learner awareness of hidden agents at the layer of digital interfaces. Drawing on the notion of “exchange structure” from conversational analysis and functional linguistics, audio recordings and re-constructed screenshots are analyzed. Results highlight the actions and intentionality of human and non-human agents that form multimodal turn-taking sequences. Suggestions for developing critical digital literacy pedagogies (CDLP), including making hidden agents more salient, are proposed.
Topic identification of text‐based expert stock comments using multi‐level information fusion

Stock investment is an important mode of asset allocation and a crucial means of financial management. How to grasp the movement of stock price and predict its trend have been the focus of investors and investment companies. Since expert stock comments contain abundant essential information for investment decisions, how to identify the topic of expert stock comments with high precision and efficiency is an important research topic. However, the existing methods usually employ single feature selection strategies for topic identification of stock comments, which may lead to low accuracy. Thus, to deal with this limitation, we propose a multi‐level information fusion method to construct a topic identification system of stock comments. Specifically, we firstly fuse various complementary feature selection methods via a multi‐view learning framework which can comprehensively represent text‐based topics. In addition, regarding the decision process, we propose a fusion strategy based on belief value which can further improve the classification performance. The experimental results indicate that the proposed multi‐level information fusion method is not only superior to other methods in terms of classification, it is also able to accurately capture topics of expert stock comments.
MATHEMATICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON NOX RECOVERY IN FLUIDIZED BED ADSORBERS FOR EXHAUST GASES OF NITRIC ACID PLANTS

A mathematical model for sorption of NOx from exhaust gas of nitric acid plants by activated carbon (AC) in a fluidized bed is proposed based on two-phase flow theory of fluidization. To solve the proposed model a computer program has been developed. The output of this program reveals the effects of various parameters such as temperature, inlet gas velocity, particle diameter, and inlet gas concentration on the rate of adsorption. To evaluate the proposed model, a pilot-scale plant was erected and the obtained experimental data were compared with the values predicted by the model. A good agreement is observed between these values. Once the validity of the proposed model is checked, it could be used for obtaining the optimum operating condition for this type of bed.
Financial technology

In recent years four important technological developments have created new opportunities in many walks of life. What are they? First, there has been a huge increase in the computational and data processing power of IT systems. Secondly, data have become available on an unprecedented scale. Thirdly, the costs associated with the storage of data have fallen. And, fourthly, increasingly sophisticated software services have come onto the market.
Molecular characteristics of two phenotypically identical species of Asteraceae based on the intergenic spacer trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA)

Susanto AH, Dwiati M, Pratiwi S. 2020. Molecular characteristics of two phenotypically identical species of Asteraceae based on the intergenic spacer trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA). Biodiversitas 21: 5164-5169. Ogiera (Eleutheranthera ruderalis) and nodeweed (Synedrella nodiflora) are two different weed species belonging to the family Asteraceae commonly found in tropical regions. At a glance, both species show highly identical morphology, thus leading to difficulty in distinguishing between them. Therefore, molecular data based on particular markers are required. Here, we use an intergenic spacer (IGS) in the cpDNA, i.e., trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA), as the molecular marker to reveal the difference between the two species. A pair of PCR universal primers, i.e., B48557 as the forward primer and A49291 as the reverse primer, were employed to amplify the marker. Sequence alignment was performed by the use of ClustalW implemented in Bioedit version 7.0. 4.1. The results revealed that some differences with respect to both indel and base substitution were observed. Overall, this led to longer IGS trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA) sequences of E. ruderalis than those of S. nodiflora. Although no direct relationship between the genetic and phenotypic dissimilarities was proven, coincidence seemed likely to exist. This provides molecular evidence that the two phenotypically similar species are genetically different from each other.
Influence of Instructional Resources Provision and Performance in Mathematics Subject in Public Girls Secondary Schools Baringo Central Sub-County

This paper looks at the contribution of instructional resources towards the performance of girls in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination mathematics in girls’ secondary schools in Baringo Central. Based on Hanushek, education production function theory, the instructional resources were considered critical inputs for ensuring the output (examinations performance in mathematics by girls’ students) is attained. The study targeted mathematics Heads of Department, mathematics teachers and girls enrolled in 6 girls’ secondary schools in Baringo Central Sub County, Kenya. A sample of 6 HODs, 18 mathematics teachers and 166 girls were selected to participate in the study. The research found out that all respondents said that adequate provision of infrastructural and educational resources did have a significant effect (p<0.05) on girls’ performance in mathematics in the six public secondary schools. Schools that had inadequate learning resources performed poorly compared to those that had adequate instructional materials. The paper recommends that there is a need for the government of Kenya to equip all schools with necessary supportive infrastructure (electricity, internet and computers) to facilitate instruction in the current digital age. In addition, teachers need to improve their knowledge and skills in using information technological resources.
Asymmetric Oxidative Mannich Reactions

The asymmetric Mannich reaction is one of the most straightforward methodologies for the enantioselective synthesis of chiral amines. In general, asymmetric Mannich reactions involve the use of imines as electrophiles. However, in recent years, several asymmetric oxidative Mannich reactions have been reported using amines as electrophiles. This review provides an overview of these recent publications, including the different oxidants used and the scope and limitations of the different catalytic systems.
Analysis of explosive residues in human fingerprints using optical catapulting–laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Optical catapulting in combination with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (OC-LIBS) is a new developing technique that has been effectively tested for the analysis of solid aerosols. In the present work OC-LIBS has been used to analyze explosive residues in human fingerprints left on glass surfaces in the form of solid aerosols. Experimental conditions such as the temporal acquisition delay, the distance from the surface and the interpulse delay time between lasers are studied. Explosives residues (TNT, DNT and MNT) and confusant materials (oil and Bermuda grass smut spores) were identified by OC-LIBS. Chemical images generated by OC-LIBS provided visual information on the spatial distribution of the explosive residue in the fingerprints. Advantages of OC-LIBS over conventional LIBS include the absence of contamination of the specimen analyzed and the freedom from spectral contribution of the substrate where the sample was placed.
Exploring Disproportionate Discipline for Latinx Students With and Without Disabilities: A National Analysis

The Latinx population is the largest group of racially and ethnically diverse students in the United States. Although disproportionality in school discipline has been documented for Latinx students, findings related to such disparities have been inconsistent. We examined disciplinary exclusion practices involving students with and without disabilities who are Latinx across the United States using risk ratios (RR) and weighted mixed-effect models. We leveraged data from the Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) data set for the 2015 to 2016 academic school year, which included data from more than 94,000 schools. The CRDC is collected by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights every 2 years. All U.S. public schools are required to submit data to the CRDC. Results suggest that Latinx students with and without disabilities were statistically significantly more likely to receive exclusionary discipline than White students, but less likely than Black students. Implications for research and practice are provided.
Large-scale fabrication of heavy doped carbon quantum dots with tunable-photoluminescence and sensitive fluorescence detection

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been intensively investigated due to their interesting electrochemical and photoluminescent properties. Here, we report a novel method for large-scale preparation of heavy doped CQDs with tunable photoluminescence. In the present synthetic process, the carbon nanoparticles from Chinese ink were oxidized and cut simultaneously using a mature process to obtain oxidized-CQDs as precursors, and then the heteroatom (N, S or Se) doped CQDs were obtained by a one-step hydrothermal reduction and in situ doping treatment. The heavy doped CQDs are just 1–6 nm size, and have improved photoluminescence with different emission wavelengths, higher quantum yield, longer lifetime and good photostability. Further experiments suggested that these N and S doped CQDs were very sensitive for the detection of Cu2+ and Hg2+, respectively.