Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem effects of contemporary life-history changes are comparable to those of fishing

Recent studies suggest that fishing and climate change can lead to a decrease in body size of fishes. While the effect of fishing on marine ecosystems has been widely explored, much less is known about the ecosystem effects of fish body size decrease. Here we used a marine ecosystem model to compare how fishing and small (<0.1% yr-1) but continuous (50 yr) decreases in the average body sizes of 5 Australian demersal fish species affect ecosystem indicators, biomasses and diets of different species. We found that decreasing growth rate of the 5 species had similar and comparable impact as the introduction of fishing of these 5 species at fishing mortality rate of F = 0.2 yr-1. The same applied when impacts of decrease in size were compared to those of increasing fishing from F = 0.2 to F = 0.4. This suggests that declines in body size alone can lead to ecosystem responses similar in magnitude to those caused by moderate fishing. On average, body size decrease alone caused more qualitative changes in diets of all species and larger changes in the predation mortality of slower growing species than the introduction or intensification of fishing. The overall ecosystem response to fishing and slower growth of fish was largely similar and additive, suggesting that decreasing sizes of harvested fishes are likely to amplify the effects of fishing.
Serverless network file systems

In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for network file system design, serverless network file systems. While traditional network file systems rely on a central server machine, a serverless system utilizes workstations cooperating as peers to provide all file system services. Any machine in the system can store, cache, or control any block of data. Our approach uses this location independence, in combination with fast local area networks, to provide better performance and scalability than traditional file systems. Further, because any machine in the system can assume the responsibilities of a failed component, our serverless design also provides high availability via redundant data storage. To demonstrate our approach, we have implemented a prototype serverless network file system called xFS. Preliminary performance measurements suggest that our architecture achieves its goal of scalability. For instance, in a 32-node xFS system with 32 active clients, each client receives nearly as much read or write throughput as it would see if it were the only active client.
Role and task allocation framework for Multirobot collaboration with latent knowledge estimation

In this work a novel framework for modeling role and task allocation in Cooperative Heterogeneous Multi‐Robot Systems (CHMRSs) is presented. This framework encodes a CHMRS as a set of multidimensional relational structures (MDRSs). This set of structure defines collaborative tasks through both temporal and spatial relations between processes of heterogeneous robots. These relations are enriched with tensors which allow for geometrical reasoning about collaborative tasks. A learning schema is also proposed in order to derive the components of each MDRS. According to this schema, the components are learnt from data reporting the situated history of the processes executed by the team of robots. Data are organized as a multirobot collaboration treebank (MRCT) in order to support learning. Moreover, a generative approach, based on a probabilistic model, is combined together with nonnegative tensor decomposition (NTD) for both building the tensors and estimating latent knowledge. Preliminary evaluation of the performance of this framework is performed in simulation with three heterogeneous robots, namely, two Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and one Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
Local SIML Estimation of Some Brownian Functionals

To estimate Brownian functionals including the integrated volatility and co-volatility from highfrequency financial data, we introduce the local estimation of the integrated volatility and fourthorder variation of continuous-time diffusion process with micro-market noise. Although it is straight-forward to extend the realized volatility (RV) estimation to more general cases without micro-market noise, it may not be straight-forward to develop the estimation method of Brownian functionals in the presence of micro-market noise. To estimate higher-order Brownian functionals when we have micro-market noise, we develop the local SIML (LSIML) method, which is an extension of the separating information maximum likelihood (SIML) method proposed by Kunitomo, Sato and Kurisu (2018). The new method is simple and the LSIML estimator has some desirable asymptotic properties as well as reasonable finite sample properties.
Development of Apple Pomace Enriched Oat Flour Biscuits and its Quality Evaluation during Storage

Oat is an important cereal crop of developing world, belongs to family Poaceae (Butt et al., 2008). The common oat (Avena sativa L.) is most widely used species for food and feed purpose, has a hulled grain and depending on the colour of hull can be divided into white, yellow and black varieties (Kourimska et al., 2018). It is a cereal crop of Mediterranean, Middle East origin and domestication of oats occurred much later than for wheat and barley (Q and Hoffman, 1992). Oat is also known as “Super grain” due to its rich nutritional profile (Kaur et al., 2019). It has been reported that the grains contain high dietary fibre content and bioactive compounds. Chemically, it consists of 8.22 per cent moisture content, 66.27 per cent carbohydrates, 16.89 per cent protein, 9.70 per cent fibre and 6.90 per cent lipids (Sterna et al., 2016). The oat is considered to be a good source of polyunsaturated essential fatty acid (Biel et al., 2009). The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids i.e. oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid in oat is about 75 per cent of all fatty acid. Rybicka and Swiglo (2017) have International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 8 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Orientation And Characteristics Of Fractures In Crystalline Bedrock Determined By Surface And Borehole Geophysical Surveys, Millville And Uxbridge, Massachusetts

Four geophysical techniques were used to determine bedrock fracture orientation and other site characteristics that can be used to determine ground-water flow and contaminant transport at a study area underlain by fractured crystalline bedrock in Millville and Uxbridge, Massachusetts. In the study area, azimuthal seismic-refraction and azimuthal square-array direct-current resistivity surveys were conducted at three sites, borehole-radar surveys were conducted in a cluster of three wells, and ground-penetrating radar surveys were conducted along roads. Azimuthal seismic-refraction data indicated a primary fracture strike ranging from 56 to 101 degrees at the three sites. Graphical and analytical analysis of azimuthal square-array resistivity data indicated a primary fracture strike ranging from 45 to 90 degrees at the same three sites, Directional borehole-radar data from three wells indicated 46 fractures or fracture zones located as far as 147 feet from the surveyed wells. Patterns of low radar-wave velocity and high radar-wave attenuation from cross-hole radar surveys of two well pairs were interpreted as a planai fracture zone that strikes 297 degrees and dips 55 degrees south. Ground-penetrating radar surveys with IOO-MHz antennas penetrated 5 to 50 feet of unconsolidated overburden and as much as 60 feet of bedrock where the bedrock surface was at or near land surface. Horizontal and subhorizontal fractures were observed on the ground-penetrating radar records at numerous locations. Comparison of results from the various geophysical techniques indicates good agreement and indicates primary high-angle fracturing striking east-northeast. Square-array resistivity data yielded an average secondary bedrock porosity of 0.0044 and an average aperture of 0.007 1 foot for high-angle fractures.
The dynamic tumour microenvironment : from tumour perfusion to differential gene expression

This thesis investigated the solid tumour microenvironment by demonstrating the therapeutic relevance of transient tumour perfusion and transiently hypoxic tumour cells, while developing methods to specifically identify and quantify these cells in human tumour xenografts. During the course of these studies, a number of interesting and novel insights into tumour hypoxia and the dynamic tumour microenvironment became evident, which may have far-reaching implications for clinical cancer therapy. The therapeutic relevance of dynamic tumour perfusion was established by pharmaceutical^ manipulating tumour blood flow to increase the radiation sensitivity of specific tumour cell subpopulations. Changes in tumour cell hypoxia over time were studied by sequentially administering two exogenous "markers" of hypoxia followed by quantification of tumour cells i containing bound marker by flow cytometry. Tumour hypoxia was measured continuously (i.e. was "integrated") over periods of time ranging from hours to days using multiple injections or oral administration of the hypoxia marker pimonidazole, indicating temporal changes in the hypoxic status of some tumour cells. Tumour hypoxia was also studied more implicitly in vitro, using multicellular spheroids to mimic the disparate tumour microenvironments associated with tumour hypoxia. Global gene expression patterns of cells from different microenvironmental conditions were compared using serial analysis of gene expression, and a number of genes were significantly differentially ii expressed. Products of these differentially expressed genes may provide a means to selectively study the therapeutic implications of transiently hypoxic tumour cells in vivo. Overall, improving our understanding of the dynamic tumour microenvironment (from temporally varying tumour perfusion and hypoxia to differential gene expression) has important implications for the strategic improvement of clinical cancer therapy.
Survival on renal replacement therapy in Europe: is there a ‘centre effect’?

Objective. Survival is the ultimate outcome measure in renal replacement therapy (RRT) and may be used to compare performance among centres. Such comparison, however, is meaningless if the influences of comorbidity, age and early deaths are not considered. We therefore studied survival rates on RRT in seven centres in Europe after taking into account the influence of age, early deaths, primary renal diagnoses, and comorbidity. Design. A retrospective survival analysis was carried out on 1407 patients who commenced RRT in seven centres across five European countries during a 7-year period. Patients were stratified into low-, medium- and high-risk groups based mainly on comorbidity and to a lesser extent on age at commencement of RRT. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox's proportional hazards model were used to compare survival. Results. Before risk stratification overall 2-year survival across the seven centres ranged from 60.2 to 85.3% (69.3-89.9% after excluding early deaths) masking a range of survivals of 27.4% for the high-risk group with the worst survival to 100% in the low-risk group with the best survival. After excluding early deaths 2-year survival in the low risk groups (n = 596) was greater than 90% in all centres. Multivariate analysis showed that the mortality risk increased four fold from low- to medium- and a further 1.6-fold from medium- to high-risk group. However, despite this adjustment for comorbidity and age there still remained a significant difference in survival among some centres, i.e. a 'centre effect' which ranked the centres. Conclusion. Risk stratification diminishes the variance in survival between centres but a centre effect remains despite adjusting for age and comorbidity. Multicentre Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr I. H. Khan Lecturer, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB9 2ZD, UK. prospective studies are urgently required to identify the reasons for this apparent centre effect.
Image Generation Using a Sparsity Model

—In this work we present a novel method for generating images using sparse representations. The proposed method learns a dictionary and estimates the probability distribution of the sparse vectors from a given set of images. The probability distribution of the sparse vectors is represented as a product of two functions: one describing the support, and the other for the coefﬁcients, given the support. We model the distribution of the support using a Markov network with pairwise factors, and assume that the atom coefﬁcients, given the support, are normally distributed. We generate new images by drawing sparse vectors from the estimated probability and multiplying them by the pre-learned dictionary. We demonstrate the proposed method on three different sets of images: (i) MNIST, (ii) set of aligned faces, and (iii) set of unaligned faces from the MegaFace database.
Geochemistry and Mantle Potential Temperature of Late Cenozoic Basaltic Rocks from the Northern and Western Continental Margins of the South China Sea

Deep dynamic processes of the evolution of the South China Sea (SCS) are recorded by the large-scale magmatism in the SCS and its surrounding regions. The geochemical analysis of whole-rock and olivine phenocryst was conducted on the Late Cenozoic basaltic rocks, which are exposed in the continental margins of the northern (the Leiqiong Area) and western (the Kontum Area) SCS. Consistent geochemical characteristics were shown on the basaltic rocks based on the results, which are similar to OIB from intra-plate environment. Mantle potential temperature (Tp ) was measured by MgO of parental magma compositions and by olivine-liquid equilibria thermometry, with an average of 1489°C beneath the Leizhou Peninsula, 1555°C beneath the Northern Hainan and 1458°C beneath the Kontum Area. Compared with Tp of SCS MORB, the mantle excess temperature is about 78–175°C in the studied areas. The highest excess temperature within typical plume-affected regions. Our results provide the evidence based on temperature for the existence of the Hainan Plume. The data of highest Tp under the North Hainan may indicate the upper reaches of mantle plume. The mantle source of post-spreading magmatism in SCS and its surrounding region is likely to be correlated to that of pre-spreading volcanic activities in the northern continental margins.
A Simple Convex Program for Phase Retrieval Using Anchor Vectors

where ams are given measurement vectors and approximate equations are due to noise. The existing convex programming methods for phase retrieval (e.g., PhaseLift [1]) utilize a lifting transform such as xx∗ 7→X to convert the quadratic equations above to equations that are linear in X . These methods then use semidefinite programming (SDP) to find a positive semidefinite matrix that is consistent with the linearized equations and has a small trace norm inducing the low-rank structure of the desired lifted solution. The main drawback of these SDP-based methods is that their computational cost does not scale well with the dimension of problem. Iterative non-convex methods such as the AltMinPhase [2] and the Wirtinger Flow [3] methods operate in the natural domain of the problem and thus avoid the computational drawback of the SDP-based methods. With proper initialization these methods produce accurate estimates of the signal. However, they are often not robust to changes in the model specifications (e.g., measurement distribution) which is the typical consequence of relying on “non-convex optimization”. Furthermore, their analysis is generally tailored for a specific problem and is usually difficult to generalize. In this paper, we propose a new convex relaxation for the phase retrieval problem that operates in the natural domain of the problem. The proposed method has a significantly lower computational cost than the SDP-based methods and competes with the non-convex iterative methods. It is also flexible in analysis and implementation as it relies on convex programming. Shortly after we proposed and analyzed this new method in [4], the same algorithm is analyzed independently in [5] using different techniques. An alternative proof in the case of real-valued signals also appeared later in [6].
Response to reviews of acp-2019-977 by Bot́ıa

Methane (CH4) atmospheric mixing ratio measurements are analyzed for the period between June 2013 and November 2018 at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO). We describe the seasonal and diurnal patterns of nighttime events in which CH4 mixing ratios at the uppermost (79 m a.g.l) inlet are significantly higher than the lowermost inlet (4 m a.g.l) by 8 ppb or more. These nighttime events were found to be associated with a wind direction originating from the southeast and wind speeds between 2 and 5 m s−1. We found that these events happen under specific nighttime atmospheric conditions 5 when compared to other nights, exhibiting less variable sensible heat flux, low net radiation and a strong thermal stratification above the canopy were found. Our analysis indicates that even at wind speeds of 5.8 m s−1 the turbulence intensity, given by the standard deviation of the vertical velocity, is suppressed to values lower than 0.3 m s−1. Given these findings, we suggest that these nighttime CH4 enhancements are advected from their source location by horizontal non-turbulent motions. The most likely source location is the Uatumã River, possibly influenced by dead stands of flooded forest trees that may be enhancing 10 CH4 emissions from those areas. Finally, biomass burning and the Amazon River were discarded as potential CH4 sources.
Supplement Appendix to “Identification with Latent Choice Sets”

This documents provides auxiliary results along with proofs and additional mathematical derivations for all results for the author’s paper “Identification with Latent Choice Sets. ” S.1 Motivating Discussion for Framework In this section, I provide motivation for the framework developed in Section 3 by illustrating what standard treatment effect tools can and cannot evaluate with respect to the effects of Head Start access in the HSIS. For the purposes of this section, I introduce alternative notation to that introduced in Section 3. Specifically, since the objective is to analyze the average “treatment” effect of Head Start access, I introduce potential outcome notation where the “treatment” of interest corresponds to the receipt of Head Start access. As we will observe below, this notation will help show, using more familiar arguments without the concept of choice sets, how standard intention-totreat and instrumental variable estimands can evaluate only so-called local average effects of Head Start access—see, for example, Imbens and Rubin (2015, Chapter 23) for a textbook exposition on such notation. In addition, it will allow us to emphasize why not observing where access is received corresponds to not observing the treatment of interest and, hence, complicates the application of available tools to move beyond local effects. For simplicity, the setup and notation introduced in this section does not account for the possible heterogeneity in the availability of alternative preschool access. For a given child, let C denote the treatment of interest corresponding to an indicator for whether the parents received Head Start access or not, let D denote an indicator for whether the the child was enrolled into Head Start or not, and let Y denote the child’s test score. Let D1 and D0 respectively denote the parent’s potential indicator for whether they enroll their child into Head Start with and without Head Start access, which are related to the realized indicator of Head Start enrollment by D = D1C +D0(1− C) . (S.1) Analogously, let Y1 and Y0 respectively denote the child’s potential test scores with and without Head Start access, which are related to the realized test score by Y = Y1C + Y0(1− C) . (S.2) Furthermore, let Z denote an indicator for whether the child was assigned to the treatment group or not, and let C1 and C0 respectively denote the potential indicators for whether Head Start access was received in the treatment and control group. The potential indicators for whether access was received are related to the realized indicator by C = C1Z + C0(1− Z) . (S.3) The structure of setup and the experimental design introduce certain natural restrictions between the above described variables. I formally state these restrictions in the following assumptions: Assumption M1. D0 = 0 .
Studies of Non-Enzymatic and Growth Changes in Two Vegetatively Propagated Mangrove Species i.e. Excoecaria agallocha and Cerbera manghas at NaCl Stress During Hardening

The experiment was conducted for both morphological and non enzymatic parameters observation in two vegetatively propagated back mangrove species i.e. Excoecaria agallocha and Cerbera manghas during hardened against different concentration of NaCl under shade-net house conditions. Variation was observed during this experimental study. Both these species survived during salt stress for period of 28 days experiments. But the growth status of C. manghas was negligible or affected in comparison E. agallocha at higher concentration of salt stress. Again E. agallocha showed more content of total Phenolic, total Flavonoid, Proline and Reducing power activity at high salinity than C. manghas. While, IC50 of DPPH scavenging of E. agallocha was comparatively lower and show more scavenging power of free radicals. So, E. agallocha is more adaptive in different salinity regime than C. manghas. The baseline data may facilitate further course of research on successful re-establishment of other salt-sensitive mangrove species in the wild.
Coordination processes and Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis

In this paper we analyze real-world data, accounting for coordination processes between complex systems (bimanual coordination, interpersonal coordination, and synchronization with fractal metronome), by using a recently proposed method, the Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (DCCA, [1]). This method is an extension of the well-known Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), which was initially proposed as a method for quantifying serial correlations in non stationary time series. DCCA is based on the analysis of the diffusion properties of detrended covariance over time. This work was motivated by the strong anticipation hypothesis , which supposes that coordination between complex systems is not achieved on the basis of local adaptations (i.e., correction, predictions), but results from a more global matching of complexity properties [2]. Indeed, recent experiments have evidenced a very close correlation between the scaling properties of the series produced by two coordinated systems, despite a quite weak local synchronization [3]. We hypothesized that strong anticipation should result in the presence of long-range cross-correlations between the series produced by the two systems. Results allow a detailed analysis of the effects of coordination on the fluctuations of the series produced by the two systems. On the long term series tend to present similar scaling properties, with clear evidence of long-range cross-correlation.