Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poster: Defning Actionable Rules for Verifying IoT Security

—The Internet of Things (IoT) is being widely adopted in recent years. Security, however, has lagged behind, as evidenced by the increasing number of attacks that use IoT devices (e.g., an arson that uses a smart oven, burglary via a smart lock). Therefore, the transparency and accountability of those devices very often become questionable. To that end, formally verifying the system state of those devices against desirable security rules might be a promising solution. However, there is a signifcant gap between the high-level IoT security recommendations (e.g., NISTIR 8228, NISTIR 8259, OWASP IoT Security Guidance, ENISA Good Practices for Security of IoT, and UK Code of Practice for Consumer IoT Security), and the low-level IoT system data (e.g., sensor data, logs, confgurations). This poster aims to bridge this gap by designing an automated technique to defne actionable security rules based on those recommendations and enable the security verifcation of IoT systems.
Electrophoretic expression of genetic variation and duplicate gene activity in vendace, Coregonus albula (Salmonidae)

Sixteen isozyme systems were examined by starch gel electrophoresis in vendace, Coregonus albula L. Samples of muscle and liver were analysed from over 2000 fish representing 31 populations. A total of 41 loci were identified. Out of these, 33 appeared suitable for population genetic studies. Polymorphism was observed at 24 loci, of which 17 are described for the first time in vendace. In addition, new alleles are reported for four previously known loci. The average heterozygosity per individual per locus is 7.9%, and 42% of the loci are polymorphic. These values are relatively high for a salmonid. There is extensive genetic heterogeneity among populations. The variability patterns showed that 58% of vendace genes have retained duplicate gene expression. This was due to liver specific Gpi-3, 4 and Me-3, 4, which both were expressed as duplicates. In previous studies a single locus has been found coding for these enzymes in the liver-specific zone of salmonids. The results throw light on salmonid evolution and management of vendace populations.
Parental locus of control and the failure to obtain a child diagnosis: a longitudinal cohort study

Background: Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were analysed to investigate associations between parents’ locus of control (LOC) and their use of their children’s symptoms to pursue a diagnosis of autism. Methods: Comparison of parental LOC obtained prenatally with various aspects of the child’s (<12 years) development, used the prevalence of four autistic traits, to ascertain the likelihood that they qualified for an autism diagnosis. Results: Parents with an external LOC had children who were more likely to demonstrate extreme levels of each of the four autistic traits (e.g. for social communication 8.9% of offspring of internal LOC versus 12.3% of external LOC mothers; P<0.0001). However, the rate of autism diagnosis was considerably greater if the mother was internal compared to external (13.3 v 9.6 per 1000). To determine whether the difference was autism specific, we compared parental LOC with children diagnosed with dyslexia and those with reading impairments. Although externals’ children had more reading impairment indicators than internals, this was not reflected by them being more likely to be diagnosed as dyslexic. Conclusions: We conclude that children of parents with an externally oriented LOC may be less likely to be diagnosed appropriately than children of internally oriented parents. Interventions to increase parental internality may improve the likelihood of appropriate diagnoses and hence an improvement in child well-being.
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE TEPPER SCHOOL OF BUSINESS IN PARTIAL FULFUILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Field of Accounting By Guoyu Lin Dissertation Committee: John O’Brien (Chair)

A unique feature of the outside director market is that a director usually simultaneously works for several companies. In this paper, based on the linear-exponential-neutral (LEN) framework, I find that the relationship between optimal incentives (pay-performance sensitivity) and the number of directorships is always positive, no matter efforts across directorships are substitutive or complementary.
Are Different Allozyme Genotypes of the Butterfly Polyommatus coridon Adapted to Resist Cold and Heat Shocks?

Polymorphisms are widely known in allozymes and are often assumed neutral in the context of phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. However, several studies revealed that, in some loci and species, selection is strongly acting on allozymes and that temperature seems to be an important selective agent. Therefore, we individually determined the recovery time from chill-coma and heat knock-down time of 542 individuals of P. coridon sampled at four sites. Afterwards, we analyzed patterns of allozyme variations in these butterflies by allozyme electrophoresis of eleven loci to test the enzymes' performance under thermal stress conditions and to investigate the possibility of adaptive genotypic variation in relation to temperature stress resistance traits. We obtained significant differences of reactions to cold and heat shocks between the sexes and between reared and wild-captured individuals, but no significant differences among genotypes were found for most of the investigated allozyme loci. However, the Aat1 locus showed significant differences between different genotypes in chill-coma recovery times (p < 0.001), and marginal differences in heat knock-down times (p = 0.073). Thus, Aat1 might be a target for thermal selection. Consequently, our results revealed no clear influence of temperature on most allozyme loci and the otherwise observed differentiation in P. coridon might be explained by stochasticity, and thus geographic structuring should reflect biogeographic processes.
The effects of maximum tumor diameter on metastasic number of lymph node in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

Objective: Whether clinicopathologic risk factors such as Maximum tumor diameter (MTD) are associated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of MTD on the number of metastatic lymph nodes in PTMC. Methods: A series of 1106 patients with PTMC who underwent total-thyroidectomy plus central lymph node dissection were analyzed. The clinical correlation between the metastatic number of lymph node and MTD was retrospectively studied after adjusting for potential confounders. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess whether MTD and other covariates had independent effects on the number of metastatic lymph nodes. The relationship between MTD and the number of metastatic lymph nodes was subsequently explored using a smoothing plot. Results: LNM were found more frequently in the 0.5<MTD≤1 cm group than in those ≤0.5 cm group (P<0.001). Univariate regression analysis showed that MTD was significantly correlated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes (odds ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval: 0.0-0.4, P=0.019). After multivariable risk adjustment for potential confounding factors, MTD, Subtype, extrathyroid extension and infiltration remained positively associated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes. A linear relationship between MTD and metastasic number of lymph node was observed. In these patients, the number of LNMs increased with increasing MTD level (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4, 1.2; P<0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that MTD is associated with metastasic number of lymph node in PTMCs. Radical treatment may be necessary for larger MTD patients.
Evolution of the Complex Partnerships between Banks and B2B e-Trading Platforms: A Theoretical Interpretation from the Chinese Market

Based on the principal-agent theory, we give a theoretical interpretation on evolution of the complex partnerships between the online SCF (supply chain finance) providers in China. First, we describe the principal-agent relationships and analyze the optimal profit-sharing contracts between the banks and the B2B platforms. Then, from a dual perspective of leadership transfer and absolute benefit change, we explain the behavioral choices of the banks in the cooperation. Results show that, at the initial stage of growth of the platforms’ abilities to rate online borrowers, the leadership and the absolute benefit of the banks will suffer a “double decline,” which explains why the leading banks in China “divorced” the B2B platforms during 2011 to 2013. However, as the platforms’ rating abilities grow to “maturity,” the absolute benefit of the banks will finally exceed its original level, and then the rational banks would cooperate with the platforms again even at the expense of losing a portion of their leadership, which answers why the banks in China have come back to “remarry” the B2B platforms since 2014.
Interactions between embryo and endosperm during early developmental stages of maize caryopses (Zea mays L.)

The early developmental stages of maize caryopses were studied at a fine structural level. Emphasis was placed on the interactions between the developing embryo and the surrounding endosperm. It was found that the placentochalazal region of the endosperm contains cells showing ultrastructural features of transfer cells, including wall ingrowths. This indicates an important function of these cells in the transport of nutrients supplying the developing embryo. Near the basal region of the embryo, densely cytoplasmic endosperm cells occurred, without wall ingrowths but with a mass of highly ordered rough endoplasmic reticulum indicating a synthesis function of this part of the endosperm. The products, probably membranes and proteins, are most likely taken up by the suspensor of the embryo. At about 7 days after pollination, endosperm cells degenerate near the embryo axis and the scutellum. The endosperm remnants might then serve as a food supply for the embryo as well.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF WATER JET PARAMETERS ON THE PERFORMANCE DURING PREPARATION OF CUTTING TOOL EDGE BY FINE ABRASIVE WATER JET

Preparation of cutting tool edge using fine abrasive water jet (FAWJ) was proposed. A specific designed water jet machine tool with four axes was developed. Experiments on preparation of cutting edge of carbide chasers for petroleum steel pipes using FAWJ have been carried out. Taguchi test method was applied in design of experiments. The effects of process parameters on the radius of cutting edge as well as the surface roughness of the cutting tool were investigated and analyzed. Based on the range analysis, among the five process parameters selected, the traverse velocity of the FAWJ exhibits the greatest significance on the prepared cutting edge radius, followed by abrasive flow rate, size of abrasive, pressure and stand-off distance. Nevertheless the most significant impact factor of the designed parameters on the prepared surface roughness is abrasive flow rate, followed by the traverse velocity, stand-off distance, size of abrasive and water pressure. From the analysis of variance, the abrasive flow rate has the most significant impact on both the prepared cutting edge radius and the surface roughness. The traverse velocity also has important impact on the prepared cutting edge radius and the surface roughness. Organized and Sponsored by WJTA ®
Influence of 3D Virtual Worlds on Expectations in 2D E-Commerce Environments

This is a first year probation report for the PhD project titled ‘Influence of 3D Virtual Worlds on Expectations in 2D E-commerce Environments’. The report contains research questions, a literature review, a pilot study report, a research methodology and a project work plan. Our project aims to understand the customer experience in 3D virtual worlds and its influence on expectations of 2D e-commerce environments. The proposed research methods are interviews, observations and diary studies. The methodological framework is based within the tradition of phenomenology. Phenomenology is concerned with how things are consciously perceived and seeks to understand the subjective qualities of experience, including its essential structure. The three main research questions are: What are the perceived experiences of customers in 3D virtual worlds? What are the perceived experiences of customers in 2D e-commerce environments who have experience in 3D virtual worlds? What are the differences in experiences and consumption behaviours between 3D virtual worlds and 2D e-commerce environments? Student Minh Tran Department of Computing m.tran@open.ac.uk Supervision Team Dr. Shailey Minocha Department of Computing s.minocha@open.ac.uk Dr. Darren Langdridge Department of Psychology d.langdridge@open.ac.uk Prof. Angus Laing Business School (University of Glasgow) a.w. laing@lbss.gla. ac.uk Mr. Dave Roberts Department of Computing d.roberts@open.ac.uk
Clonal structure and dynamics of peripheral Populus tremula L. populations

Abstract: Native Populus tremula L. populations at the south-western limit of the species’ range are threatened by the anthropic reduction of their habitats and by climate change. In these areas, P. tremula forms small and multiclonal populations. Knowledge of the structures and dynamics of these populations is essential to design effective conservation programs. The clonal spatial and ramet age distributions of three natural populations in north-western Spain were studied. Trees with diameter > 3 cm at breast height were mapped and their age identified. Multilocus genotypes based on 11 isoenzymatic loci were obtained for a sample of 90-106 evenly distributed trees per population. Clonal assignment of the remaining trees in each stand was interpolated using geostatistical methods. All three stands were multiclonal, with higher clonal diversity than that reported in northern populations, and no genotype was detected in more than one stand. Most clones exhibited aggregated distributions, but some scattered clones were also found. The clonal structures of the stands are consistent with the hypothesis that recruitment is absent inside the stand. A combined analysis of ages and genotypes revealed cycles of regrowth in which each clone experienced varying degrees of success in generating new ramets. These degrees of success could be the consequence of varying abilities for vegetative propagation among genotypes. Geostatistical interpolation can be a useful tool for the elaboration of clonal maps, thus reducing the costs of sampling and genotyping, but further research is needed to define the optimum scale of sampling for accurate clonal assignment. For P. tremula conservation programs based on clonal material, small plantations with relatively few clones (approximately 10) provide an appropriate strategy if the metapopulation is maintained at a sufficient level of diversity. The set of clones used for plantations and ex-situ collections should consider both the most abundant and the least frequent clones to avoid a biased selection.
When Face-to-Face Interactions Become an Occupational Hazard: Jobs in the Time of COVID-19

There is a crisis of demand brewing around the globe as social distancing becomes the norm to counter the COVID-19 outbreak. So, which parts of the economy are most in the line of fire? Looking at jobs that can be done at home or that require a high degree of face-to-face interactions with consumers can capture complementary but distinct mechanisms to assess this vulnerability. This paper uses data on 900 job titles from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database for the United States to demonstrate that there is substantial heterogeneity in vulnerability across industries, income groups, and gender. First, industries vary in whether they emphasize face-to-face interactions and home-based work and the two do not always go hand-in-hand. Second, occupations that are less amenable to home-based work are largely concentrated among the lower wage deciles. Third, a larger share of women's employment is accounted for by occupations that are intensive in face-to-face interactions.
Robust Joint Hybrid Analog-Digital Transceiver Design for Full-Duplex mmWave Multicell Systems

In this work, we investigate a full-duplex (FD) millimeter wave (mmWave) multicell system, where the BS of each cell receives signals from uplink (UL) users and transmits signals to downlink (DL) users at the same time, over the same frequency band. We maximize the sum rate lower bound of the FD multicell system by jointly optimizing the digital and analog beamforming matrices at the base station (BS) and the transmit power levels of the UL users under total transmit power constraints and unit-modulus constraints (due to the analog beamforming matrices), in the presence of imperfect channel state information (CSI). The problem under study is very challenging due to the highly non-convexity of the objective function and constraints. We transform this problem into an equivalent but more tractable form and propose a novel iterative algorithm based on the penalty dual decomposition (PDD) to solve it. The proposed algorithm is guaranteed to converge to the set of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) solutions of the original problem. Moreover, we also extend our proposed algorithm to the structure of subarray. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm as compared with conventional nonrobust and half-duplex (HD) algorithms.
Genetic diversity in chestnuts of Kashmir valley Organic manure from different sources

Organic manure from different sources could be an effective substitute of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the present study compares the effect of varying level (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 t ha -1 ) of two types of compost, i.e poultry manure compost (PM compost) and press-mud compost (PrM compost) on the yield of maize. The experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan for two consecutive years 2011 and 2012. Results of this study revealed that all the levels and sources of compost based organic material had significant effect on the yield and yield parameters of autumn maize. Maximum plant height, cob diameter, cob length, cob weight, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per cob, 1000-grain weight biological yield, grain yield and harvest index were produced by the application of 10 t ha -1 PM compost. Whereas, the number of cobs per plant was not significantly affected by level and source of compost based organic material. It was concluded that 10 t ha -1 PM compost could be used lucratively for optimizing maize yield.
A Preliminary Validation for the FARO Zone 3D Area of Origin Tool

Introduction FARO Zone 3D (FZ3D) developed by FARO Technologies Inc., is a relatively new software package which includes bloodstain tools to analyze impact patterns. Area of origin analysis represents one of the areas in Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) where physical measurements of bloodstains are taken and extrapolated into their backtracked trajectories. When using virtual methods, the closest point of intersection in 3D is calculated which can then be interpreted by the analyst as to the area of origin for the bloodstains. In 2017, a new software package was released from FARO which provides the ability to do an area of origin analysis. The method utilizes laser scan data for placing bloodstain images on a 3D surface. The software allows for other combinations and workflows, but the laser scanner method was the subject of this study. BackTrack, HemoSpat, and FARO Scene are the three software packages that have previously been studied in the scientific community. Both software packages have been independently tested, compared and validated with peer reviewed, published papers [1-5]. All three programs have been shown to provide acceptable and repeatable results. The purpose of this study was to do a AbstrAct
An empirical evaluation of a graphics creation technique for blind and visually impaired individuals

The representation of pictorial data by people who are blind and sight impaired has gathered momentum with research and development; however, little research has focused on the use of a screen layout to provide people who are blind and sight impaired users with the spatial orientation to create and reuse graphics. This article contributes an approach to navigating on the screen, manipulating computer graphics, and user-defined images. The technique described in this article enables features such as zooming, grouping, and drawing by calling primitive and user-defined shapes. It enables blind people to engage in and experience drawing and art production on their own. The navigation technique gives an initiative sense of autonomy with compass directions, makes it easy to learn, efficient to manipulate shape with a the simple drawing language, and takes less time to complete with system support features. An empirical evaluation was conducted to validate the suitability of the SETUP09 technique and to evaluate the accuracy, and efficiency of the navigation and drawing techniques proposed. The drawing experiment results confirmed high accuracy (88%) and efficiency among blind and visually impaired (BVI) users.
The Effect of Rocktape on Upper Quarter Posture

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the effect of elastic shoulder taping on cervical and shoulder posture. Background: Forward head posture “FHP” and rounded shoulder posture “RSP” are two of the most common postural problems seen in individuals that sit for prolonged periods. The use of elastic adhesive taping has been shown to improve posture in a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. Methods and Measures: Nineteen graduate students participated in the study. Cervical and shoulder posture were assessed on the dominant and nondominant side at baseline, with initial RockTaping of the shoulder and 48 hours following the tape. Results: Immediately following the application of the Rocktape, all angles increased. After the two days of wearing the tape, postural angles returned to pre-tape values or less. There was a statistical difference in angles of pre-tape versus immediately following tape. Conclusion: Overall, there is an immediate and significant change in posture with the addition of RockTape to the dominant shoulder, however this effect does not last over a two-day period.
Engendering Trade

The authors analyze the interaction between a country's world market integration and its attitude towards gender roles. They discuss both theoretically and empirically how female empowerment is a source of comparative advantage that shapes a country's response to trade opening. Reciprocally, the authors show that as countries integrate into the world economy, the costs and benefits of gender discrimination shift. Their theory goes beyond a potential aggregate wealth effect associated with trade opening, and emphasizes the heterogeneity of impacts. On the one hand, countries in which women are empowered -- measured by fertility rates, female labor force participation or female schooling -- experience an expansion of industries that use female labor relatively more intensively. On the other hand, the gender gap is smaller in countries that export more in relatively female-labor intensive sectors. In an increasingly globalized economy, the road to gender equality is paradoxically very specific to each country? s productive structure and exposure to world markets.