Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Techniques to Address Unreliability and Variability of Computing Systems

As technology feature size continues to shrink, we see two challenging problems in designing computer systems. One is the hardware unreliability due to increasing chances of transient hardware faults caused by high-energy particles. The other is the variability in the semiconductor manufacturing process, which eventually impacts the frequency and the leakage power dissipation of a chip. In the first part, we study the problem of handling I/O in memory-based checkpointing systems. The increasing demand for reliable computers has led to proposals for hardware-assisted rollback of memory state. Such approach promises major reductions in Mean Time To Repair (MTTR). Unfortunately, adoption of such proposals is hindered by the lack of efficient mechanisms for I/O recovery. We present and evaluate ReViveI/O, a scheme for I/O undo and redo that is compatible with mechanisms for hardware-assisted rollback of memory state. We have implemented a Linux-based prototype that shows low-overhead, low-MTTR recovery of I/O is feasible. For 20--120 ms between checkpoints, a throughput-oriented workload has negligible overhead and recovery time. In the second part, we study architecture-aware fine-grain body biasing to improve the frequency and leakage power dissipation of processors. As VLSI technology continues to scale, parameter variation is about to pose a major challenge to high-performance processor design. In particular, the within-die variation of threshold voltage is directly detrimental to the chip's frequency and leakage power. One proposed technique to address such variation is Fine-Grain Body Biasing (FGBB), where different chip sections are given a certain voltage bias that modifies the threshold voltage. We show that FGBB should be applied in an architecture-aware manner, following the shapes of architectural modules. The reason is that architectural functionality affects the BB needed through temperature and type of critical path. To prove this idea, we develop a model of threshold voltage variation and apply it to simulated batches of chips. We show that architecture-aware FGBB enables 35% of the chips to work at the highest frequency, compared to 18% with conventional FGBB, potentially increasing each chip's value by 50%. It also reduces the leakage of the chips by 40%, compared to 25% with conventional FGBB.
Atmospheric CO2 concentrations, have been successfully retrieved from spectral measurements made in the near infrared (NIR) by the SCIAMACHY instrument, using a new retrieval algorithm called Full Spectral Initiation Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (FSI WFM-D

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations, have been successfully retrieved from spectral measurements made in the near infrared (NIR) by the SCIAMACHY instrument, using a new retrieval algorithm called Full Spectral Initiation Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (FSI WFM-DOAS). Initial results from the algorithm are promising with visible structure within the retrieved spatial distributions. Furthermore, SCIAMACHY/FSI CO2 has been validated against several independent data sets. From these comparisons, the overall precision and bias of the CO2 columns retrieved by the FSI algorithm are estimated to be close to 1.0% and <4.0% respectively.
A Study on the Writer Identification Task for Paleograpnic Document Analysis

The subject of paleography is the study of ancient documents. In particular, the paleographer’s aim is to locate a document in a cultural environment and chronological interval in the past. Automatic writer identification is then a desirable tool for a paleographer as she/he gains useful information about the document at hand. However, the paleographer is often interested in methods which can be easily interpretable by humans. In this paper, we apply some state-of-the-art techniques devised for modern documents to the paleographic domain. Moreover, we propose new techniques and document representations with the aim at producing more understandable representation of a writing style. Experimental results have been performed on a large dataset of paleographic images and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, and the suitability of this tool on helping the paleographer’s work.
eGaN® FET Drivers and Layout Considerations

DriviNG eGaN® FETs When considering gate drive requirements, the three most important parameters for eGaN FETs are (1) the maximum allowable gate voltage, (2) the gate threshold voltage, and (3) the “body diode” voltage drop. The maximum allowable gate-source voltage for an eGaN FET of 6 V is low in comparison with traditional silicon. Secondly, the gate threshold is also low compared to most power MOSFETs, but does not suffer from as strong a negative temperature coefficient as MOSFETs. Thirdly, the “body diode” forward drop can be higher than comparable silicon MOSFETs, which requires additional attention to timing for the gate drive as compared to MOSFETs.
THE EFFECT OF OUTSOURCING HUMAN RESOURCE ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

The improvement that high organizational performance provides is becoming more critical in today’s increasing conditions of competition. The effects of human resource functions and organizational culture to perform a significant organizational efficiency attracts both theoreticians’ and practitioners’ interest much more. When outsourcing is considered as one of the methods that organizations utilize for strengthening their core competencies to allocate their resources efficiently, the question of the degree to which human resource functions could be outsourced brings in mind the effect of organizational culture enabling outsourcing on organizational performance. Besides performing the administrative services such as catering, cleaning, employee transportation, and security as outsourcing, operations of some human resource practices like training and payroll via outsourcing contribute the desired performance positively by means of only true strategy and organizational culture shaping the strategy. The performance of human resource management and the viewpoints of employees about outsourcing have critical importance to improve a convenient strategy. In this literature research, what kind of human resource practices can be outsourced and can add value to organizational performance are discussed. The influence of workers’ changing attitudes about outsourcing towards organization in detail and the effect of organizational culture in the mentioned relationships are missing in the literature.
Die konditionierte Koproduktion von Kommunikation und Bewußtsein

Die beobachtungsdirigierende Leitunterscheidung der neueren (soziologischen) Systemtheorie ist die von System und Umwelt. Die skandalisierende Kraft dieser (soziologisch verstandenen) Differenz lag darin, daß mit ihr psychische und soziale Operationen in ein wechselseitiges System/Umwelt-Verhältnis hineinarrangiert werden konnten. Die Theorie trennte kategorisch soziale und psychische Systeme und mußte dann Theoriestücke (nach)entwickeln bzw. importieren, die die Einheit des so Geschiedenen zu bearbeiten in der Lage waren, zum Beispiel die Theoriestücke der Interpenetration und der strukturellen Kopplung. Im Effekt ergab sich jedenfalls eine Strategie, durch die soziale Systeme bewußtseinsfrei und psychische Systeme kommunikationsfrei gestellt wurden. Damit gelang es, die am klassischen Ganzes/Teil-Schema verankerten und intellektuell ärgerlichen Beinhaltungsverhältnisse (etwa: Menschen sind Teile sozialer Systeme) zu sprengen.
Global Effects in Kashaya Prosodic Structure

• Kashaya stress patterns – interactions with morphological structure • Lexical Phonology and a cross-level effect – dividing the process in half with ordered operations • a global approach in OT – Classic OT and Constraint Domains • approaches in Stratal OT – dividing the process in half (again) – a global effect in syllabification – phonologically conditioned stem allomorphy • Distributed Morphology – getting a peek at the next suffix? • Optimal Interleaving – serial representations with global evaluation
Indirekte Auswirkungen von Naturgefahren auf den Tourismus : das Beispiel des Lawinenwinters 1999 in der Schweiz

Abstract. Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit den sogenannten «indirekten» Auswirkungen von katastrophalen Naturereignissen, worunter vor allem Mindereinnahmen fur die Wirtschaft verstanden werden. Prasentiert werden Untersuchungsergebnisse zu den indirekten Kosten des Lawinenwinters 1999 fur die Tourismusbranche in den Schweizer Alpen. Ursachen fur diese Kosten waren v.a. Strassensperrungen, ausser Betrieb genommene Bergbahnen, das schlechte Wetter und wahrscheinlich auch Medienberichte. Tagestouristen blieben in erster Linie im Februar 1999 aus, ubernachtende Gaste zusatzlich auch im Marz 1999 und teilweise sogar noch im Februar 2000. Insgesamt fuhrte der Lawinenwinter 1999 fur die Tourismusbetriebe im Schweizer Berggebiet zu Mindereinnahmen von schatzungsweise rund 330 Mio. Franken. Diese indirekten Kosten mussten zum uberwiegenden Teil von den betroffenen Betrieben selbst getragen werden. Die Umlagerung eines Teils der Touristenstrome auf lawinensichere Gebiete und das gelegentliche Auftreten von «Sensationstouristen» nach den Ereignissen konnte die Mindereinnahmen nicht kompensieren. Als Massnahmen, um in Zukunft die indirekten Kosten von derartigen Naturereignissen moglichst tief halten zu konnen, stehen Verbesserungen in der Informations- und Medienpolitik im Vordergrund.
The intermarriage experiences of four Chinese Canadian women

The Intermarriage Experiences of Four Chinese Canadian Women This study examined the marriage experiences of four Chinese Canadian women who are married to Caucasian husbands in Canada. Employing a phenomenological qualitative approach, in depth interviews were conducted with these women in the ethnically diverse city of Vancouver, exploring their lived experiences in these relationships. The findings in this study reflect upon this and tries to bring some understanding to this rather complex phenomenon. The first finding is the non accidental nature in who we choose to bring into our world. This important element was highlighted in the findings as it speaks to the reasons why we seek certain people to be in our life, including our spouses. The women in this study all spoke about early influences and experiences which reflected a sense of being an outsider in their own world at some point. These experiences have in one form or another shaped how these women approached relationships and in particular marriage. The second finding speaks to the effortlessness which these women present when moving between their Chinese and Canadian culture. The skills of negotiating and interpreting were highlighted by one of the women as a role that she has grown up with but now also finds useful in her marriage. This role appears almost invisible to most people because of the way these women incorporate it into their day to day living. The last major finding is the importance of seeking a balance between the two cultures in intermarriage. In doing so, it allowed the women in this study to find
Institut Für Mathematik Modulation Equation for Stochastic Swift-hohenberg Equation Impressum: Modulation Equation for Stochastic Swift-hohenberg Equation

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of large or unbounded domains on a stochastic PDE near a change of stability, where a band of dominant pattern is changing stability. This leads to a slow modulation of the dominant pattern. Here we consider the stochastic Swift-Hohenberg equation and derive rigorously the Ginzburg-Landau equation as a modulation equation for the amplitudes of the dominating modes. We verify that small global noise has the potential to stabilize the modulation equation, and thus to destroy the dominant pattern.
Mirror of the Mind

Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing mirror of mind as the reading material.
Materials and Processes for Ion Permeable Separating Membranes by Electro-Spinning

This chapter describes the generation of polymeric and composite materials, and their pertinent processing sequence for the fabrication of ion permeable membranes utilized in super-capacitors and other bipolar charge storage devices. Energy storage devices are conspicuous and ubiquitous these days. Mostly, because we are utterly dependent on electric energy for so many facets of our life, from the trendy and somewhat common electric or hybrid car, to the more rare, but no less useful pacemaker that keeps the heart pumping periodically for those in need for such device. Electric energy is so useful, because its versatility. Electric energy can be used to activate actuators to generate forces or torque, to sense mechanical, thermal, optical and chemical variables, to generate radiation fields for wireless communica‐ tions, and in many other tasks. The problem with electrical energy is that in contrast with the chemical energy stored in liquid fossil fuels such as gasoline, the amount of energy per unit volume or mass stored in batteries or capacitors is less than a tenth [1, 2] of that of gasoline. This low energy density means that large volumes and masses are required to store reasonable amounts of energy resulting in reduce range for electric vehicles and short intervals between charging for “smart” phones.
Empirical evaluation of a sub-linear time sparse DFT algorithm

In this paper we empirically evaluate a recently proposed Fast Approximate Discrete Fourier Transform (FADFT) algorithm, FADFT-2, for the first time. FADFT-2 returns approximate Fourier representations for frequency-sparse signals and works by random sampling. Its implemen- tation is benchmarked against two competing methods. The first is the popular exact FFT imple- mentation FFTW Version 3.1. The second is an implementation of FADFT-2’s ancestor, FADFT-1. Experiments verify the theoretical runtimes of both FADFT-1 and FADFT-2. In doing so it is shown that FADFT-2 not only generally outperforms FADFT-1 on all but the sparsest signals, but is also significantly faster than FFTW 3.1 on large sparse signals. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that FADFT-2 is indistinguishable from FADFT-1 in terms of noise tolerance despite FADFT-2’s better execution time.
Fusion of subjective opinions through behavior estimation

Information is significantly important in almost all decision-making process. A decisionmaker agent collects information from diverse sources. Thus, it should correctly fuse opinions, which are shared from different information sources. However, some information sources may be unreliable and malicious. That is, some of the information sources may behave differently while sharing their opinions. Thus, the decision-maker agent needs to eliminate opinions that these opinions are collected from such kind of information sources. Motivated by this observation, in this thesis, we propose a statistical information fusion approach based on behavior estimation. In this approach, before estimation of fusion, we estimate the behavior of information sources based on their statistical values. Then, we enhance information fusion process based on our estimation of the behavior of information sources. Through extensive simulations, we have shown that our approach has a low computational complexity, and achieves significantly low behavior estimation and fusion errors.
Mass Optimisation of Variable Angle Tow, Variable Thickness Panels with Static Failure and Buckling Constraints

By taking advantage of curved fiber paths, Variable Angle Tow (VAT) laminates increase the design space for tailoring the structural behavior of thin-walled aerospace structures. In recent years, advancements in Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) and Continuous Tow Shearing (CTS) have facilitated the manufacture of these laminates. The CTS technique holds the advantage of reducing many of the manufacturing defects characteristic of the AFP process such as fiber wrinkling, tow gaps and tow overlaps, while also allowing for tighter steering radii. On the other hand, the CTS process features added complexity due to the coupling of fiber steering angle with tow thickness. In this study, a minimummass design of a typical aircraft wing panel under end-compression subject to pre-defined manufacturing, static failure and buckling load constraints is sought. The geometric effects of the asymmetric thickness distribution of the CTS panel on the critical buckling loads, postbuckling paths and static failure behavior are captured for the first time. A hybrid optimization scheme that couples a genetic algorithm with a pattern-search algorithm is used to define a VAT laminate that reduces the mass of both square and rectangular aircraft panels by 31% compared to a baseline straight fiber design. The optimization of the fiber paths is driven by two distinct requirements, namely local and global stiffness tailoring that influence the buckling performance and static strength, respectively. Finally, the initial postbuckling behavior of the optimized designs is investigated using Koiter’s perturbation approach, which reveals that postbuckling stability should be considered when optimising VAT panels manufactured by the CTS technique.
A REALM-BASED QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM USING PROBABILISTIC MODELING

of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science A REALM-BASED QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM USING PROBABILISTIC MODELING By Clint Pazhayidam George December 2010 Chair: Joseph N. Wilson Major: Computer Engineering Conventional search engines traditionally perform key-word based searches of web documents. Since the wealth of information from the web is huge and often represented in an unstructured format, the availability of automated search engines that can solve user queries has become essential. This thesis discusses categorizing and representing the information contained within web documents in a more structured and machine readable form, an ontology, and building a realm-based question answering (QA) system that uses deep web sources by exploiting information from the web along with sample query answering strategies provided by users. The first part of the thesis deals with probabilistic modeling of the web documents using a Bayesian framework, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), and the corresponding document classification framework built on top of this. Subsequently, LDA is employed as a dimensionality reduction tool for the corpus vocabulary and documents. This thesis also describes the inference of document-topic-proportions for newly encountered documents without retraining the previously learned LDA model. The second part of the thesis describes a realm based QA system using an ontology that is built from the web. Finally, the techniques to represent user-queries that are natural language text in a semi-structured format (SSQ) and to rank the similar queries using a novel ontology based similarity quasi-metric, class divergence, is explained.
Solar Convection: Comparison of Numerical Simulations and Mixing-Length Theory

We compare the results of realistic numerical simulations of convection in the superadiabatic layer near the solar surface with the predictions of mixing-length theory. We find that the peak values of such quantities as the temperature gradient, the temperature fluctuations, and the velocity fluctuations, as well as the entropy jump in the simulation, can be reproduced by mixing-length theory for a ratio of mixing length to pressure scale height α ≈ 1.5. However, local mixing-length theory neither reproduces the profiles of these variables with depth nor allows penetration of convective motions into the overlying stable photosphere.
Logistics Management: Opportunities in the Cloud

The Internet provides an opportunity to facilitate business strategies and operations by enabling some logistics computing technologies to be outsourced and leveraged. Specifically, cloud computing provides numerous opportunities and valueadded capabilities that logistics organizations require in order to remain competitive and be successful; however, there are conflicting viewpoints regarding cloud viability. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceived use of cloud computing and its functionality in logistics, to identify what types of cloud computing architectures, Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), and cloud deployments (public, private or hybrid) are most utilized for logistics operations, and to determine the advantages and disadvantages logistics firms see in cloud computing. The model developed here is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and explores logistics/IT managers’ perceptions of cloud computing.
PII: S0273-1177(01)00214-9

The structure of the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the GEOS-2 General Circulation Model (GCM) is discussed. The emphasis of this study is on the reality of monthly-mean temperature and water vapor distributions in the model, compared to reasonable observational estimates. It is shown that although the zonal-mean temperature is in good agreement with observations, the GCM supports an excessive zonal asymmetry near the tropopause compared to the ECMWF Reanalyses. In reality there is a QBO-related variability in the zonally averaged lower stratospheric temperature which is not captured by the model. The observed upper tropospheric temperature and humidity fields show variations related to those in the sea surface temperature, which are not incorporated in the GCM; nevertheless, there is some interannual variability in the GCM, indicating a component arising from internal processes. The model is too moist in the middle troposphere (500 hPa) but too dry in the upper troposphere, suggesting that there is too little vertical transport or too much drying in the GCM. Transport into the stratosphere shows a pronounced annual cycle, with drier air entering the tropical stratosphere when the tropopause is coldest in northern winter; while the alternating dry and moist air masses can be traced ascending through the tropical lower stratosphere, the progression of the anomalies is too rapid. © 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Split TCP/IP Stack Implementation for GNU/Linux

The TCP/IP protocol suite is the foundation of the worldwide internet, which is the world’s most widespread computer network. Today, in most systems, TCP/IP protocols are still handled in the kernel. Faulty packets and attacks like SYN flooding can affect the whole operating system, even if they are just targeted towards one single network process. A userspace TCP/IP stack, on the other hand, exposes only networking applications to those threats. Most userspace TCP/IP stacks are designed as independent application libraries that send and receive fully-fledged Ethernet frames. To communicate among each other, they each require separate addresses and need to be connected in a separate virtual network on the host computer, which is complicated to set up and unnecessarily increases the use of spare addresses. In this work, I propose Swarm, a userspace switch that reunites arbitrary independent userspace TCP/IP stacks into one logical host by administrating the system’s port address space. In contrast to existing solutions, Swarm runs at user level and is thus fully isolated from non-network applications as well as critical kernel code. I am going to implement and evaluate a corresponding prototype, keeping the trusted part as slim as possible, using a custom-tailored routing component and the Rump TCP/IP stack [Kan12b].