Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TO OPTIMISE SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION OF ORANGE JUICE FLAVOUR

Experimental design is introduced as a novel procedure to optimise solid-phase microextraction for the determination of orange juice flavour using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A central composite design was chosen to study the effects of variation in levels of extraction time (3-15 min), extraction temperature (30-80°C) and pH value (3-11). The models fitted for the prediction of the extraction of terpene flavour compounds (limonene, myrcene, pinene, copaene, caryophyllene), as indicated by r 2 values of more than 0.97. Various surface plots were generated to describe the relationship between operating variables and predicted extraction yields. Optimum conditions with the highest desirability (minimal extraction time, highest yield for all components) were 9 min, 40°C and pH 11.
Elastic properties of GaAs obtained by inversion of laser-generated surface acoustic wave measurements

The surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocity with respect to propagation angle on a crystal substrate is dependent on the elastic constants of the crystal. Measurement of the SAW velocity dispersion with angle gives us information about these constants but one needs to solve the inverse problem of SAW propagation in order to obtain the elastic constants (C11, C12, C44). In this work we investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, SAW velocity behaviour on (001), (111) and (311) GaAs. Several different acoustic modes can be measured on each surface. Using the measured velocity dispersion curves on each surface we derive elastic constants by inversion, and examine the potential of the inversion method to accurately derive elastic constant values for measurements on each cut. We find that, by combining multiple mode curves, this method allows measurement of elastic constants with high accuracy, particularly for the off-axis constant C12.
Development of Moving Multifocal Electroretinogram with a Precise Perimetry Apparatus

 Abstract — A decline in visual sensitivity at arbitrary points on the retina can be measured using a precise perimetry apparatus along with a fundus camera. However, the retinal layer associated with this decline cannot be identified accurately with current medical technology. To investigate cryptogenic diseases, such as macular dystrophy, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), we evaluated an electroretinogram (ERG) function that allows moving the center of the multifocal hexagonal stimulus array to a chosen position. Macular dystrophy is a generalized term used for a variety of functional disorders of the macula lutea, and the ERG shows a diminution of the b-wave in these disorders. AZOOR causes an acute functional disorder to an outer layer of the retina, and the ERG shows a-wave and b-wave amplitude reduction as well as delayed 30 Hz flicker responses. MEWDS causes acute visual loss and the ERG shows a decrease in a-wave amplitude. We combined an electroretinographic optical system and a perimetric optical system into an experimental apparatus that has the same optical system as that of a fundus camera. We also deployed an EO-50231 Edmund infrared camera, a 45-degree cold mirror, a lens with a 25-mm focal length, a halogen lamp, and an 8-inch monitor. Then, we also employed a differential amplifier with gain 10, a 50 Hz notch filter, a high-pass filter with a 21.2 Hz cut-off frequency, and two non-inverting amplifiers with gains 1001 and 11. In addition, we used a Instruments a shielded connector block, and LabVIEW 2017 software for data retrieval. The software was used to generate the multifocal hexagonal stimulus array on the computer monitor with C++Builder 10.2 and to move the center of the array toward the left and right and up and down. Cone and bright flash ERG results were observed using the moving ERG function. The a-wave, b-wave, c-wave, and the photopic negative response were identified with cone ERG. The moving ERG function allowed the identification of the retinal layer causing visual alterations.
OP-JUEL190028 1..11

Increasing global urbanisation has steered research towards understanding biodiversity in urban areas. Old city spaces throughout Europe have a proliferation of urban court gardens, which can create a mosaic of habitat pockets in an urban area. This article examines the patterns and drivers of avian species richness and community structure in 20 gardens of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford. We conducted morning surveys across 7 weeks in May and June 2017 and used an information-theoretic approach and model averaging to identify important habitat predictors of species richness. We also studied community structure with Sorensen indices and non-metric multi-dimensional analysis. A total of 43 avian species were observed across all sites. Our sites generally differed in their avian assemblages, with greater species turnover than nestedness between sites. Site area was the strongest predictor of site species richness and surrounding habitat composition was the dominant driver of community structure. Thus, the largest gardens were the most species rich, but species composition among gardens differed based on the habitats in which they were embedded. We support using island biogeography theory to understand the avian species assemblages of urban ecosystems and stress the suitability of our study sites for future urban ecosystem research and generating wildlife awareness.
Sexual and environmental dimorphism of the incidence of significant correlations between body weight and height and foot parameters among 14-18-year-old adolescents

Introduction: The objective of this study was to show the frequency of significant correlations between body weight and height and the selected parameters of body posture within trunk in 14-18-year-old adolescents. Material and methods. The study which was conducted among selected teenagers aged 14-18 years during the period of 3 in 6 half-year enabled the author to record 2445 observations with regard to the measurement of 48 parameters describing trunk, body weight and height. The subjects involved the study were enrolled from the Warminsko-Mazurskie region. The photogrammetric method the phenomenon of mora projection was used to measure the selected parameters. Findings. The frequency of significant correlations between body height and the features of body posture was 21.42% and with regard to body weight it was 14.28%. The frequency of significant correlations between body height within sex was 14.28%, and concerning body weight it was 4.76%, whereas among girls the figures were 7.14% and 9.52% respectively. 1. Among adolescents aged 14-18 years, body height revealed significantly more frequent correlations with the parameters of feet than body weight. 2. Body height was reported to reveal more frequent significant correlations with the parameters of feet than body weight among boys. As regards girls involved in the study, the frequency of these significant relationships was similar and revealed lower values. Body weight and height showed more frequent correlations with the parameters of feet in children living in towns and cities than in their counterparts from the rural environment. 3. Among boys, more frequent significant correlations between body height and the parameters of feet were observed in subjects living in the urban environment, and the correlations concerning body weight significantly differed from the percentage of the relationships regarding body height. Among girls living in the rural environment, the correlations between body height and the parameters of feet were more frequent than in the subjects living in towns, and regarding weight, these correlations were reported to be bigger in towns than in villages. The percentage of significant relationships was very low in the rural environment.
Numerical Prediction of the Impact of Non-Uniform Leading Edge Coatings On the Aerodynamic Performance of Compressor Airfoils

Abstract : A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) investigation is presented that provides predictions of the aerodynamic impact of uniform and non-uniform coatings applied to the leading edge of a compressor airfoil in a cascade. Using a NACA 65(12)10 airfoil, coating profiles of varying leading edge non-uniformity were added. This non-uniformity is typical of that expected due to fluid being drawn away from the leading edge during the coating process. The CFD code, RVCQ3D, is a steady, quasi-three-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. A k-omega turbulence model was used for the Reynolds Stress closure. The code predicted that these changes in leading edge shape can lead to alternating pressure gradients in the first few percent of chord that create small separation bubbles and possibly early transition to turbulence. The change in total pressure loss and trailing edge deviation are presented as a function of the coating non-uniformity parameter. Results are presented for six leading edge profiles over a range of incidences and inlet Mach numbers from 0.6 to 0.8. Reynolds number was 600,000 and free-stream turbulence was 6%. A two-dimensional map is provided that shows the allowable degree of coating non-uniformity as a function of incidence and inlet Mach number.
Archival HST and IUE Study of the Dwarf Novae AH Herculis and CM Delphini: Exposed White Dwarfs?

We have analyzed Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archival and IUE NEWSIPS archival SWP spectra of the dwarf novae CM Del and AH Her obtained when AAVSO light-curve data indicated the occurrence of dwarf nova quiescence. We have computed synthetic, high-gravity spectra in LTE with solar composition using TLUSTY195 and SYNSPEC42 and have carried out fits of these models to the far-UV continuum and narrow absorption line spectra. For CM Del, we find that the far-UV spectrum is dominated by a hot (Teff = 22,000 K and log g = 8) white dwarf, but reliable information on the metal abundances is unavailable because of the quality of the data. For AH Her, we find evidence for a hot white dwarf with Teff = 27,000 K and log g = 8, with subsolar abundance for Si. An HST spectrum (GHRS G160M) of AH Her reveals blue-asymmetric Si IV profiles. If this is due to wind outflow, we derive a single-scattering, upper limit, mass-loss rate of 10-9 M⊙ yr-1. Synthetic profile fits to 12 co-added HST medium-resolution G160M spectra of the Si IV (1393, 1402 Å) resonance doublet of CM Del yield a white dwarf rotational velocity estimate of v sin i = 400 km s-1 and Si/H = 1 times solar. The value of v sin i for CM Del is discussed in the context of angular momentum transfer and rotation rates for other cataclysmic variable, primary degenerate stars.
S1468109921000074jra 1..15

This paper shows how an uneven electoral system in Japan shapes political parties’ mobilization strategies by utilizing a majoritarian electoral system with heterogeneous district magnitudes, which in turn contributes to the gap in turnout across districts. Scholars have long debated the relationship between electoral systems and turnout; it is known that countries with proportional representation electoral systems – those with larger district magnitude – tend to have higher turnout rates than countries with majoritarian electoral systems, especially single-member district (SMD) systems. The current discussion on turnout and district magnitude of an electoral system assumes a monotonic relationship between these factors: the larger the district magnitude of the electoral system, the more (or less) participatory the electorate, due to competitiveness and mobilization efforts by political parties and other relevant groups. In contrast, this paper shows a mixed relationship between district magnitude of the electoral system and party mobilization and subsequent turnout, investigating a majoritarian electoral system with uneven district magnitude in the Japanese Upper House. During the survey period, the party system in Japan consisted of two major parties and a few smaller parties; consequently, the two major parties focused their efforts on SMDs in order to maximize their seat share, while smaller parties focused their resource on districts electing more than two members (where they have some chance to elect their party’s candidates). In combination, these party strategies have resulted in the lowest mobilization and turnout rates in districts with two members.
A Framework for the Coordination of the Invocations of Web Services

—Coordinating the various Web services invocations is one of the key challenges of Service oriented Architectures. When services fail due to lack of availability this may violate Service Level Agreements causing ﬁnancial penalties or customer dissatisfaction to providers. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a method of on-line coordination of these invocations in order to enhance the performance of the systems in place and avoid the overuse of services. This paper aims to present a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach to the automated creation and integration of Protocol Services, which are deployed with the system to coordinate invocations between services. The outline of this method is as follows. Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) models of services are parsed and the PartnerLink for each Invoke activity is assigned to the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) ﬁle of the Protocol Service using MDA transformations. Then, the Protocol service is computed, generated and integrated automatically into the system. As a proof of concept, an implementation of the suggested approach was created, in the form of an Oracle JDeveloper plugin that automatically produces new Protocol services and integrates them with existing services.
Benchmark maps of 33 years of secondary forests age for Brazil. Scientific Data.

The restoration and reforestation of 12 million hectares of forests by 2030 are amongst the leading mitigation strategies for reducing carbon emissions within the Brazilian Nationally Determined Contribution targets assumed under the Paris Agreement. Understanding the dynamics of forest cover, which steeply decreased between 1985 and 2018 throughout Brazil, is essential for estimating the global carbon balance and quantifying the provision of ecosystem services. To know the long-term increment, extent, and age of secondary forests is crucial; however, these variables are yet poorly quantified. Here we developed a 30-m spatial resolution dataset of the annual increment, extent, and age of secondary forests for Brazil over the 1986–2018 period. Land-use and land-cover maps from MapBiomas Project (Collection 4.1) were used as input data for our algorithm, implemented in the Google Earth Engine platform. This dataset provides critical spatially explicit information for supporting carbon emissions reduction, biodiversity, and restoration policies, enabling environmental science applications, territorial planning, and subsidizing environmental law enforcement.
Abundance, distribution, and habitat use of ﬁshes in a large river (Danube, Austria): mobile, horizontal hydroacoustic surveys vs. a standard ﬁshing method

mobile, surveys vs. a standard method. We tested a novel approach for ﬁsh abundance and size estimates along a 3.6-km reach in the main stem of a free-ﬂowing section of the Danube River east of Vienna. We deployed an adaptive resolution imaging sonar (ARIS) with horizontal beam orientation from a moving boat in order to assess spatial and temporal ﬁsh abundance distributions in different mesohabitats. To validate the results obtained from imaging sonar, hydroacoustic abundance and ﬁsh length estimates were compared with those received from boat electroﬁshing surveys conducted at the same time and place. Furthermore, ﬁsh occurrence was related to hydraulic conditions based on a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model in order to reveal patterns of habitat use. Hydroacoustic abundance expressed as catch per unit effort estimates devi-ated signiﬁcantly from ﬁsh abundances assessed by boat electroﬁshing, but when comparing relative abundances both methods yielded a similar spatial and temporal pattern. Total ﬁsh length estimates obtained from the two methods did not differ signiﬁcantly. The mobile application of the non-invasive ARIS technology offers the opportunity to quickly gain detailed information on ﬁsh abundance and position of individuals. This yields more speciﬁc information on temporal and spatial distribution patterns, habitat use and ﬁsh size distributions in large rivers.
Exclusive and semi-exclusive processes at high momentum transfer, Newport News, VA, USA, May 19-22, 1999

Soft perturbative QCD, P. Hoyer perturbative colour transparency in electron beam experiments via impact-parameter factorization, J.P. Ralston et al nonperturbative effects in the proton sea, W. Schafer and J. Speth leading baryon production at HERA, G. Levman hard exclusive and diffractive processes in QCD, S.J. Brodsky skewed parton distributions and real and virtual Compton scattering, P. Kroll real Compton scattering from the proton, A.M. Nathan exclusive meson production at compass, J. Pochodzalla et al kaons and hyperons at high momentum transfer, O.K. Baker measurement of the ratio of the proton's electric to magnetic form factors by recoil polarization, M.K. Jones transition form factors of the proton at higher momentum transfer, P. Stoler. (Part contents)
Research Online Research Online Design-based research and the learning designer Design-based research and the learning designer

The role of the learning designer has expanded from the commonly known activities of an instructional designer to incorporate a range of new roles, largely prompted by new technologies. In this paper, we articulate an approach that further extends the role of the learning designer to encompass evaluation and design-based research, in collaboration with the subject matter expert. Such collaboration is professionally enhancing for both parties, and adds to the sum of knowledge on the effective design of learning environments, by documenting and disseminating the learning design process.
Gardioglobulin Clinical Correlations

IT HAS recently been reported that blood plasma from most species of mammals contains a protein system that causes a striking increase in the contractility of the isolated frog heart. The system is comprised of three globulins, called cardioglobulin A, B, and C. There appears to be a characteristic concentration of the cardioglobulins in the plasma of different species. It had been found in an earlier study, by a relatively crude assay technique, that the activity of the whole sj'stem in the plasma of patients with long-standing, severe hypertension was significantly greater than that for normal man or patients with other diseases. The action on the isolated frog heart and the increased levels in hypertensive patients suggested that the sj'stem might have an important role in regulating the contractility of heart or blood vessels. This possibility is being explored by measuring cardioglobulin concentrations in various types of cardiovascular disease and by attempting physiological studies in experimental animals. The results of the former approach are reported in this paper. Although the evidence is circumstantial and a final decision must await direct demonstration in experimental animals, the data are consistent with the concept that the cardioglobulin system is essential for maintaining normal contractility of mammalian cardiac muscle.
Chemical Composition and in Vitro Digestibility of Five Heavily Fertilized Tropical Grasses in Puerto Rico 1

Samples from five tropical grass species: Guinea (Panicum maximum) , Pangóla {Digitaria decumbens), Congo (Brachiaria ruziziensis), Merker (Pennisetum purpureum), and Star (Cynodon nlemfuensis), were harvested during nine weeks at ages from 7 to 63 days in southwestern Puerto Rico. The grasses were fertilized at the rate of 4480 kg/ha per year with a 15-5-10 fertilizer. The crude protein content of all grasses exceeded 10 percent up through 28 days of regrowth. Grasses declined in crude protein from a mean of 18.1 percent at 7 days to 5.6 percent at 63 days. A narrower range was observed between grasses from 42 to 63 days. The five tropical grasses possessed high contents of structural carbo hydrates, principally cellulose and lignin, which increased with age, except in Pangóla grass. Silica did not change uniformly with age in any of the grasses while hemicellulose was characterized by marked fluctuations. Digestibility values were lower at all stages of growth than in temperate forages of similar ages. Cellulose was negatively correlated with in vitro digestibility in all grasses except Pangóla. Lignin appeared to be the pre dominant factor in determining digestibility. The relationship of silica to digestibility varied between species, being positive in some (Guinea and Congo) and negative in others (Star, Pangóla, and Merker). The grasses may be ranked as follows with regard to their chemical composition and digestibility: Merker > Pangóla. Pangóla grass, though lowest in in vitro digestibility, declined least with advancing age, thus maintaining a more constant quality for a longer period of time.
Compositions, Bijections, and Enumerations

In this thesis we give an introduction to colored-compositions of an integer. This is a generalization of traditional integer compositions, and we show a few results for n-color compositions which are analogous to regular compositions with both combinatorial and analytic proofs. We also show several bijections between various types of compositions to certain types of numeric strings, and provide a generalization of a classic bijection between compositions and binary strings.
BiologicalImplicationsof ConsistentChromosomeRearrangementsin Leukemiaand Lymphoma1

The close association of specific chromosome rearrangements with particular subtypes of human leukemia and lymphoma has been established by a number of investigators during the past decade. A few of the genes involved in these rearrangements have already been identified, and it is likely that the identity of all of the genes affected by these aberrations will be determined within the next 5 years. Moreover, for one of the rearrangements, some of the changes in gene structure and function have been defined. Therefore, some general principles that may be appli cable to all rearrangements are beginningto emerge. My purpose in this perspective is to summarize the current status of our understanding of consistent rearrangements and then to corre late these rearrangements with the genetic changes to the extent that present information permits it. Much of the detailed information regarding the relevant chro mosome rearrangements is contained in a number of recent reviews, and it will not be presented here (36, 47, 52, 54, 58). Only specific abnormalities that are pertinent to this discussion will be considered; these occur in 2 disease categories, namely, those that affect myeloid cells, which are located primarily in the bone marrow, and those that affect lymphoid cells, which are located mainly in spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes. The myeloid neoplasms can be further subdivided into CML3 and acute mye