Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of experimentally induced muscle pain on endurance performance: A proof-of-concept study assessing neurophysiological and perceptual responses.

Pain arising from exercise potentiates fatigue and impairs the performance of endurance exercise. We assessed neurophysiological and perceptual responses to endurance exercise performed under experimentally induced muscle pain by a model that separates muscle pain from muscle fatigue. After a series of pilot studies investigating different hypertonic saline volumes, 17 healthy males performed a preliminary VO2PEAK test before performing a familiarization of the cycling time-to-exhaustion exercise (80% of the peak power output in the VO2PEAK test). Participants, performed a baseline exercise session before the sessions with hypertonic and isotonic saline injections in the vastus lateralis of both legs, in a crossover and counterbalanced design. Neurophysiological and perceptual responses such as electroencephalography (EEG) in frontal, prefrontal, parietal, and motor cortex, electromyography (EMG) of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscles, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), pain sensation, and affective valence were measured at rest and during exercise. The hypertonic injection reduced the resting EEG alpha-beta ratio in the frontal and prefrontal cortex. When compared to exercise performed after the isotonic injection (430.5 ± 152.6 s), hypertonic injection shortened the time-to-exhaustion (357.5 ± 173.0 s), reduced the EMG of the assessed muscles, and increased the muscle co-contraction during exercise. The hypertonic injection also reduced the EEG alpha-beta ratio in the prefrontal and parietal cortex, increased RPE and pain sensation, and reduced affective valence during exercise. This proof-of-concept study showed that hypertonic injection-induced muscle pain reduced endurance performance, promoting centrally mediated alterations in motor command and cortical activation, as well as an interplay of perceptual responses.
Association between migraine and vasomotor rhinitis

Migraine and rhinitis are common diseases affecting adults, and rhinitis is associated with a higher prevalence of migraine.1 Vasomotor rhinitis (VMR) is one of the most common subtype of nonallergic rhinitis, comprising ∼71% of all nonallergic rhinitis conditions.2 Nociceptive dysfunction mediated by the trigeminal nerve, which plays an important role in the mechanism of migraine, is a possible pathogenesis of VMR.3,4 However, there are only a few studies on this aspect of migraine. In this study, we investigated the possible relationship between VMR and migraine.
Twist1 is required for the development of UVB‐induced squamous cell carcinoma

The transcription factor Twist1 has been reported to be essential for the formation and invasiveness of chemically induced tumors in mouse skin. However, the impact of keratinocyte‐specific Twist1 deletion on skin carcinogenesis caused by UVB radiation has not been reported. Deletion of Twist1 in basal keratinocytes of mouse epidermis using K5.Cre × Twist1flox/flox mice led to significantly reduced UVB‐induced epidermal hyperproliferation. In addition, keratinocyte‐specific deletion of Twist1 significantly suppressed UVB‐induced skin carcinogenesis. Further analyses revealed that deletion of Twist1 in cultured keratinocytes or mouse epidermis in vivo led to keratinocyte differentiation. In this regard, deletion of Twist1 in epidermal keratinocytes showed significant induction of early and late differentiation markers, including TG1, K1, OVOL1, loricrin, and filaggrin. Similar results were obtained with topical application of harmine, a Harmala alkaloid that leads to degradation of Twist1. In contrast, overexpression of Twist1 in cultured keratinocytes suppressed calcium‐induced differentiation. Further analyses using both K5.Cre × Twist1flox/flox mice and an inducible system where Twist1 was deleted in bulge region keratinocytes showed loss of expression of hair follicle stem/progenitor markers, including CD34, Lrig1, Lgr5, and Lgr6. These data support the conclusion that Twist1 has a direct role in maintaining the balance between proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and keratinocyte stem/progenitor populations. Collectively, these results demonstrate a critical role for Twist1 early in the process of UVB skin carcinogenesis, and that Twist1 may be a novel target for the prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Personalized Feedback Control, Social Contracts, and Compliance Strategies for Ensembles

This article describes the use of acrlong DLTs as a means to create personalized social nudges and to influence the behavior of agents in a smart city environment. Specifically, we present a scheme to price personalized risk in sharing economy applications. We provide proofs for the convergence of the proposed stochastic system and we validate our approach through the use of extensive Monte Carlo simulations.
Normal Forms for Tensor Rank Decomposition

We propose a new algorithm for computing the tensor rank decomposition or canonical polyadic decomposition of higher-order tensors subject to a rank and genericity constraint. Reformulating this as a system of polynomial equations allows us to leverage recent numerical linear algebra tools from computational algebraic geometry. We describe the complexity of our algorithm in terms of the multigraded regularity of a multihomogeneous ideal. We prove effective bounds for many formats and ranks and conjecture a general formula. These bounds are of independent interest for overconstrained polynomial system solving. Our experiments show that our algorithm can outperform state-of-the-art algebraic algorithms by an order of magnitude in terms of accuracy, computation time, and memory consumption. AMS subject classifications — 15A69, 65H10, 65H14
Automating the GDPR Compliance Assessment for Cross-border Personal Data Transfers in Android Applications

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) aims to ensure that all personal data processing activities are fair and transparent for the European Union (EU) citizens, regardless of whether these are carried out within the EU or anywhere else. To this end, it sets strict requirements to transfer personal data outside the EU. However, checking these requirements is a daunting task for supervisory authorities, particularly in the mobile app domain due to the huge number of apps available and their dynamic nature. In this paper, we propose a fully automated method to assess the compliance of mobile apps with the GDPR requirements for cross-border personal data transfers. We have applied the method to the top-free 10,080 apps from the Google Play Store. The results reveal that there is still a very significant gap between what app providers and third-party recipients do in practice and what is intended by the GDPR. A substantial 56% of analysed apps are potentially non-compliant with the GDPR cross-border transfer requirements.
Rab18 Binds PLIN2 and ACSL3 to Mediate Lipid Droplet Dynamics

Rab18 has been linked to lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases in different model systems, but the mechanism of Rab18-mediated lipid droplet (LD) dynamics in muscle cells remains elusive. Here, we report that Rab18 plays an essential role in oleic acid (OA)-induced LD growth and formation in mouse myoblast cell line C2C12. Rab18 was translocated from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to LDs during the LD growth induced by OA in C2C12 cells, which was directly regulated by perilipin 2 (PLIN2), a LD resident protein. LD-associated Rab18 bound with the C terminus of PLIN2, and the LD localization of Rab18 was diminished after PLIN2 deletion. Moreover, loss of function of Rab18 led to less triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation and fewer but larger LD formation. In contrast, expression of wild type Rab18 and a constitutively active Rab18 (Q67L) mutant resulted in elevated TAG content and LD number. Furthermore, LD-associated Rab18 interacted with acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3) and in turn, promoted the LD localization of ACSL3, which may play an important role in the accumulation of TAG induced by OA. These data showed that Rab18 was recruited to LD after OA treatment, and formed a complex with PLIN2 and ACSL3, which contributes to TAG accumulating and LD growth.
MicroRNA-95-3p serves as a contributor to cisplatin resistance in human gastric cancer cells by targeting EMP1/PI3K/AKT signaling

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to be involved in the development of cisplatin (DDP) resistance in gastric cancer (GC). Using RNA sequencing analysis (RNA-seq), we found that miR-95-3p is associated with DDP resistance in GC. We discovered that miR-95-3p is highly expressed in DDP-resistant GC tissues and cell lines (SGC7901/DDP and AGS/DDP). Furthermore, results from the BrdU and MTT assays indicated that miR-95-3p promotes GC cell proliferation. Additionally, data from transwell chamber assay, wound healing test and in vivo experiments illustrated that miR-95-3p can effectively promote invasion, migration and tumorigenic capacity, respectively, of DDP-resistant GC cells. Subsequently, results from dual luciferase assay and qRT-PCR collectively indicated that EMP1 is a target of miR-95-3p with inhibitory function through suppression of the EMT process and drug-resistance proteins. Furthermore, PI3K/AKT was identified as a downstream pathway of miR-95-3p, which promotes DDP resistance in GC. In summary, miR-95-3p helped develop DDP-resistance through down-regulation of EMP1 and increasing phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in GC.
Ex vivo model predicted in vivo efficacy of CFTR modulator therapy in a child with rare genotype

New drugs that target the basic defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients may now be used in a large number of patients carrying responsive mutations. Nevertheless, further research is needed to extend the benefit of these treatments to patients with rare mutations that are still uncharacterized in vitro and that are not included in clinical trials. For this purpose, ex vivo models are necessary to preliminary assessing the effect of CFTR modulators in these cases.
JITLine: A Simpler, Better, Faster, Finer-grained Just-In-Time Defect Prediction

A Just-In-Time (JIT) defect prediction model is a classifier to predict if a commit is defect-introducing. Recently, CC2Vec—a deep learning approach for Just-In-Time defect prediction—has been proposed. However, CC2Vec requires the whole dataset (i.e., training + testing) for model training, assuming that all unlabelled testing datasets would be available beforehand, which does not follow the key principles of just-in-time defect predictions. Our replication study shows that, after excluding the testing dataset for model training, the F-measure of CC2Vec is decreased by 38.5% for OpenStack and 45.7% for Qt, highlighting the negative impact of excluding the testing dataset for Just-In-Time defect prediction. In addition, CC2Vec cannot perform fine-grained predictions at the line level (i.e., which lines are most risky for a given commit). In this paper, we propose JITLine—a Just-In-Time defect prediction approach for predicting defect-introducing commits and identifying lines that are associated with that defect-introducing commit (i.e., defective lines). Through a case study of 37,524 commits from OpenStack and Qt, we find that our JITLine approach is at least 26%-38% more accurate (F-measure), 17%-51% more cost-effective (PCI@20%LOC), 70-100 times faster than the state-of-the-art approaches (i.e., CC2Vec and DeepJIT) and the fine-grained predictions at the line level by our approach are 133%-150% more accurate (Top-10 Accuracy) than the baseline NLP approach. Therefore, our JITLine approach may help practitioners to better prioritize defect-introducing commits and better identify defective lines.
Flat bands in twisted bilayer WSe2 with strong spin-orbit interaction

We study the influence of strong spin-orbit interaction on the formation of flat bands in relaxed twisted bilayer WSe2. Flat bands, well separated in energy, emerge at the band edges for twist angles (θ) close to 0° and 60°. For θ close to 0°, the interlayer hybridization together with a moiré potential determines the electronic structure. The bands near the valence band edge have non-trivial topology, with Chern numbers equal to +1 or −1. We propose that this can be probed experimentally for twist angles less than a critical angle of 3.5°. For θ near 60°, the flattening of the bands arising from the K point of the unit cell Brillouin zone is a result of atomic rearrangements in the individual layers. Our findings on the flat bands and the localization of their wavefunctions for both ranges of θ match well with recent experimental observations [2, 17]. Twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have recently gained attention as potential platforms for hosting correlated phases and novel excitonic properties [2–20]. The absence of a ’magic angle’ in twisted TMDs [1, 22–24] makes the experimental realisation of flat bands [2, 17] easier compared to twisted bilayer graphene. Large spin-orbit coupling can strongly influence the electronic structure of the moiré superlattice (MSL), and can cause the bands to have non-trivial topological character. Within the TMD family, WSe2 is a prototypical example with large spin-orbit coupling, making twisted WSe2 bilayers (tWSe2) especially interesting. The valence band maxima (VBM) in the band structure of high-symmetry-stacked bilayers of WSe2 are at the K point of the unit cell Brillouin zone (UBZ), unlike other TMDs with small spin-orbit coupling where they are at the Γ point. As a consequence, the flat bands near the valence band (VB) edge in the MSL of tWSe2 arise from the bands near the K points of UBZs of the two layers. The spin character of the flat bands is further determined by spin-valley locking in WSe2. Recent spectroscopic imaging and transport measurements in tWSe2 show evidence of such flat bands [2, 17, 25]. Most theoretical studies, to date, on tWSe2 [26–30] have been based on continuum models [18, 19]. In this letter, we study flat bands in relaxed MSL of tWSe2 using density functional theory (DFT). We focus our study on twist angles, θ, near 0°, ranging from 7.3° to 1.89°, and near 60°, ranging from 52.7° to 57.72°. We find several well-separated flat bands near the band edges for both θ close to 0° and 60°. The spin-orbit splitting of the monolayer bands is preserved in tWSe2. Flat bands near the VB edge for θ close to 0° are topologically non-trivial. We
The Role of Adaptive Ray Tracing in Analyzing Black Hole Structure

The recent advent of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has made direct imaging of supermassive black holes a reality. Simulated images of black holes produced via general relativistic ray tracing and radiative transfer provide a key counterpart to these observational efforts. Black hole images have a wide range of physically interesting image structures, ranging from extremely fine scales in their lensed “photon rings” to the very large scales in their relativistic jets. The multiscale nature of the black hole system is therefore suitable for a multiscale approach to generate simulated images that capture all key elements of the system. Here, we present a prescription for adaptive ray tracing, which enables efficient computation of extremely high-resolution images of black holes. Using the polarized ray-tracing code ipole, we image a combination of semianalytic and general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models, and we show that images can be reproduced with a mean squared error of less than 0.1% even after tracing 12× fewer rays. We then use adaptive ray tracing to explore the properties of the photon ring. We illustrate the behavior of individual subrings in GRMHD simulations, and we explore their signatures in interferometric visibilities.
A Neural Network for Semigroups

Tasks like image reconstruction in computer vision, matrix completion in recommender systems and link prediction in graph theory, are well studied in machine learning literature. In this work, we apply a denoising autoencoder-based neural network architecture to the task of completing partial multiplication (Cayley) tables of finite semigroups. We suggest a novel loss function for that task based on the algebraic nature of the semigroup data. We also provide a software package for conducting experiments similar to those carried out in this work. Our experiments showed that with only about 10% of the available data, it is possible to build a model capable of reconstructing a full Cayley from only half of it in about 80% of cases.
A novel homozygous RIPK4 variant in a family with severe Bartsocas‐Papas syndrome

Bartsocas‐Papas syndrome (BPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by popliteal pterygia, syndactyly, ankyloblepharon, filiform bands between the jaws, cleft lip and palate, and genital malformations. Most of the BPS cases reported to date are fatal either in the prenatal or neonatal period. Causative genetic defects of BPS were mapped on the RIPK4 gene encoding receptor‐interacting serine/threonine kinase 4, which is critical for epidermal differentiation and development. RIPK4 variants are associated with a wide range of clinical features ranging from milder ectodermal dysplasia to severe BPS. Here, we evaluated a consanguineous Turkish family, who had two pregnancies with severe multiple malformations compatible with BPS phenotype. In order to identify the underlying genetic defect, direct sequencing of the coding region and exon‐intron boundaries of RIPK4 was carried out. A homozygous transversion (c.481G>C) that leads to the substitution of a conserved aspartic acid to histidine (p.Asp161His) in the kinase domain of the protein was detected. Pathogenicity predictions, molecular modeling, and cell‐based functional assays showed that Asp161 residue is required for the kinase activity of the protein, which indicates that the identified variant is responsible for the severe BPS phenotype in the family.
Resolving the Hubble tension in a U(1)Lμ – Lτ model with Majoron

In this paper, we explore possibilities of resolving the Hubble tension and (g - 2)μ anomaly simultaneously in a U(1)Lμ-Lτ model with Majoron. We only focus on a case where the Majoron ϕ does not exist at the beginning of the universe and is created by neutrino inverse decay νν → ϕ after electron-positron annihilation. In this case, contributions of the new gauge boson Z′ and Majoron ϕ to the effective number of neutrino species Neff can be calculated in separate periods. These contribution are labelled N′eff for the U(1)Lμ-Lτ gauge boson and ΔN′eff for the Majoron. The effective number Neff = N′eff + ΔN′eff is evaluated by the evolution equations of the temperatures and the chemical potentials of light particles in each period. As a result, we found that the heavier Z′ mass mZ′ results in the smaller N′eff and requires the larger ΔN′eff to resolve the Hubble tension. Therefore, compared to previous studies, the parameter region where the Hubble tension can be resolved is slightly shifted toward the larger value of mZ′.
Measuring three-dimensional shapes of stable solar prominences using stereoscopic observations from SDO and STEREO

Aims. Although the real shapes and trajectories of erupting solar prominences in three dimensions have been intensively studied, the three-dimensional (3D) shapes of stable prominences before eruptions have not been measured accurately so far. We intend to make such a measurement to constrain 3D prominence models and to extend our knowledge of prominences. Methods. Using multiperspective observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO), we reconstructed 3D coordinates of three stable prominences: a quiescent, an intermediate, and a mixed type. Based on the 3D coordinates, we measured the height, length, and inclination angle of the legs of these prominences. To study the spatial relationship between the footpoints of prominences and photospheric magnetic structures, we also used the Global Oscillation Network Group Hα images and magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the SDO. Results. In three stable prominences, we find that the axes of the prominence legs are inclined by 68 ± 6° on average to the solar surface. Legs at different locations along a prominence axis have different heights with a two- to threefold difference. Our investigation suggests that over 96% of prominence footpoints in a sample of 70 footpoints are located at supergranular boundaries. The widths of two legs have similar values measured in two orthogonal lines of sight. We also find that a prominence leg above the solar limb showed horizontal oscillations with larger amplitudes at higher locations. Conclusions. With a limited image resolution and number of cases, our measurement suggests that the legs of prominences may have various orientations and do not always stand vertically on the surface of the sun. Moreover, the locations of prominence legs are closely related to supergranules.
“My backpack is so heavy”: Experiences of Latino caregivers of family with early‐onset Alzheimer's

While it is well‐known that caregiving can have adverse effects on the physical and mental health of informal caregivers and their families, caregivers of those with early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease (EOAD) may have distinct needs. Little is written about the experiences of Latino caregivers of family members with EOAD, especially inherited forms. This study's objective was to explore the experiences and needs of Latino caregivers of persons with EOAD.
Thermal Noise Magnetometry of magnetic nanoparticles: simulations and experiments

Magnetic nanoparticles have proven to be valuable for biomedical applications. A prerequisite for the efficiency of these applications are precisely characterized particles. Thermal Noise Magnetrometry (TNM), unlike any other magnetic characterization method, allows to characterize the particles without the application of an external excitation. We present a theoretical framework to model the experiment in order to examine the magnetic noise power properties of particle ensembles in TNM and optimize the geometry of the nanoparticle sample. An optimized sample geometry is calculated to maximize the noise power measured by the detector. The theoretical framework and the newly designed sample holder are validated by measuring a sensitivity profile in the setup. The optimized sample holder increases the noise power with a factor of 3.5 compared to the regular sample holder, while its volume is decreased by more than half. Moreover, the experimental profiles are consistent with the simulated counterparts, confirming the relevance of the theoretical framework. These results contribute to the further establishment of TNM as magnetic nanoparticle characterization method.
Synthesis, structure, and redox properties of copper(I) complexes with phenylpyridin-2-ylmethyleneamine derivatives

Four copper(I) complexes, [Cu(diimine)2]ClO4 (1 – 4, Diimine[dbnd](4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-ylmethylene-amine, (1) (4-chlorophenyl)pyridin-2-ylmethyleneamine, (2), (4-bromophenyl)pyridin-2-ylmethyleneamine, (3), and (4-iodophenyl)pyridin-2-ylmethyleneamine, (4)) have been synthesized and characterized by CHN analyses, 1H NMR, IR, and UV – vis spectroscopy. The crystal structure of [Cu(B)2]ClO4 (2) was determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction. The coordination polyhedron about the copper(I) center in 2 is best described as a distorted tetrahedron. A quasi-reversible redox behavior is observed for the complexes. The spectral, structural, and redox data of these complexes are compared with similar iminopyridine copper(I) complexes. The variation of substituent on the phenyl ring of iminopyridine ligands did not show significant change in the absorption and redox properties of these types of complexes.