Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new adaptive intrusion detection system based on the intersection of two different classifiers

Nowadays, the intrusion detection system (IDS) has become one of the most important weapons against cyber-attacks. The simple single-level IDS cannot detect both attack types and normal behaviour with high detection rate. To overcome this limit, we propose a new approach for intrusion detection. The idea of this paper is to use two different classifiers iteratively, where each-iteration represents one level in the built model. To ensure the adaptation of our model, we add a new level whenever the sum of new attacks and the rest of the training dataset reaches the threshold. To build our model, we have used Fuzzy Unordered Rule Induction Algorithm and Random Forests as classifiers. The experiment on the KDD99 dataset shows the high performance of our model that demonstrates its ability to detect the low frequent attack without losing their high performance in the detection of frequent attack and normal behaviour. Furthermore, our model gives the highest detection rate and the highest accuracy, compared with some models well known in the literature related to intrusion detection.
Impact of variabilities on speech recognition

Major progress is being recorded regularly on both the technology and exploitation of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and spoken language systems. However, there are still technological barriers to flexible solutions and user satisfaction under some circumstances. This is related to several factors, such as the sensitivity to the environment (background noise or channel variability), or the weak representation of grammatical and semantic knowledge. Current research is also emphasizing deficiencies in dealing with variation naturally present in speech. For instance, the lack of robustness to foreign accents precludes the use by specific populations. There are actually many factors affecting the speech realization: regional, sociolinguistic, or related to the environment or the speaker itself. These create a wide range of variations that may not be modeled correctly (speaker, gender, speech rate, vocal effort, regional accents, speaking style, non stationarity.), especially when resources for system training are scarce. This paper outlines some current advances related to variabilities in ASR.
Spinal tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralization reduces peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia and suppresses autonomic responses in experimental arthritis: a role for spinal tumor necrosis factor alpha during induction and maintenance of peripheral inflammation.

OBJECTIVE In addition to the sensitization of pain fibers in inflamed tissues, the increased excitability of the spinal cord is an important mechanism of inflammatory pain. Furthermore, spinal neuronal excitability has been suggested to play a role in modulating peripheral inflammation. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that spinal actions of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) add significantly to both hyperalgesia and maintenance of peripheral inflammation. METHODS Rats with antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) were treated intrathecally with the TNFalpha-neutralizing compound etanercept continuously during the complete time course of AIA, which was 3 days for the acute phase and 21 days for the chronic phase. During this time, inflammation and pain-related behavior were monitored. Since a role for autonomic control of inflammation was proposed, measures from heart rate time series were obtained in the acute phase. Findings were compared with those in vehicle-treated animals and in animals receiving etanercept intraperitoneally. RESULTS Spinally administered etanercept acutely reduced pain-related behavior, attenuated both the development and the maintenance of inflammation, and was superior to systemic administration. Parameters indicating autonomic modulation showed a shift toward a sympathetically dominated state in vehicle-treated animals, which was prevented by intrathecal etanercept. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that spinal TNFalpha plays an important role in both pain signaling and modulation of peripheral inflammation. Thus, neutralizing this cytokine at the spinal site not only represents a putative therapeutic option for different pain syndromes, but may be directly used to attenuate peripheral inflammation.
3D Imaging with a Sonar Sensor and an Automated 3-Axes Frame for Selective Spraying in Controlled Conditions

Autonomous selective spraying could be a way for agriculture to reduce production costs, save resources, protect the environment and help to fulfill specific pesticide regulations. The objective of this paper was to investigate the use of a low-cost sonar sensor for autonomous selective spraying of single plants. For this, a belt driven autonomous robot was used with an attached 3-axes frame with three degrees of freedom. In the tool center point (TCP) of the 3-axes frame, a sonar sensor and a spray valve were attached to create a point cloud representation of the surface, detect plants in the area and perform selective spraying. The autonomous robot was tested on replicates of artificial crop plants. The location of each plant was identified out of the acquired point cloud with the help of Euclidian clustering. The gained plant positions were spatially transformed from the coordinates of the sonar sensor to the valve location to determine the exact irrigation points. The results showed that the robot was able to automatically detect the position of each plant with an accuracy of 2.7 cm and could spray on these selected points. This selective spraying reduced the used liquid by 72%, when comparing it to a conventional spraying method in the same conditions.
Comparing on sparse heart sound recovery algorithms

This paper applied the concept of Compressive Sensing on practical problem for sparse heart sound recovery. The sparse representation matrix used Haar wavelet transform, while the measurement matrix used random orthogonal matrix. We compare the performance of different recovery algorithm such as Subspace Pursuit (SP), Iterative Hard Thresholding (IHT), Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit(CoSaMP), Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), and L1 norm optimization. The experiment results show that all of method can recovery a periodic heart beat sound. The best recovery performance is L1 norm, but the computational time is worse.
Image Based Authentication for Folder Security using Persuasive Cued Click-Points and SHA

In this paper Image Based Authentication application is applied on folder's (folders that are confidential to user) ,since the studies till date have shown that textual passwords are more prone that they are well hacked by hackers through easily available software's or programming different code to hack the password. The textual passwords use languages that can be identified using the grammar that they use, therefore our project focuses on Graphical passwords , because as such it has been observed that human brains is better at re-collecting and recognizing images than text, the images are well captured and stored rather than text. There have been phases in creating a strong graphical password scheme from 1999, with the promise that the graphical passwords would provide improved password memorability and usability. The technique that we use here is PCCP (PERSUASIVE CUED CLICK POINTS), this is a combination of recall and recognition based techniques with the implementation of SHA1 (Secure Hash Algorithm). Here PCCP is used for user to have better strong passwords by expanding password space and SHA1 is used to ensure security to folder. Keyword: Authentication, Graphical Password, Hotspot, Passpoints, Secure Hash Algorithm,
Understanding Psychopathology

Research on psychopathology is at a historical crossroads. New technologies offer the promise of lasting advances in our understanding of the causes of human psychological suffering. Making the best use of these technologies, however, requires an empirically accurate model of psychopathology. Much current research is framed by the model of psychopathology portrayed in current versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Although the modern DSMs have been fundamental in advancing psychopathology research, recent research also challenges some assumptions made in the DSM—for example, the assumption that all forms of psychopathology are well conceived of as discrete categories. Psychological science has a critical role to play in working through the implications of this research and the challenges it presents. In particular, behavior-genetic, personality, and quantitative-psychological research perspectives can be melded to inform the development of an empirically based model of psychopathology that would constitute an evolution of the DSM.
A novel planar circularly-polarized antenna using stepped-width cross-dipole

A novel planar circularly-polarized antenna using the stepped-width cross-dipole is presented in this paper. Firstly, the input impedance of a single stepped-width dipole is studied under different length and width ratios of two distinctive dipole sections. Then, two stepped-width dipoles with dissimilar dimensions are individually designed and orthogonally oriented in a crossed format, thus producing the circularly-polarized radiation. The entire antenna with a couple of dipoles is designed with a single feeding point. Our research work shows that the 10-dB bandwidth is about 25% in impedance and the axial ratio is less than 1 dB at the center frequency.
Photodynamic therapy for Barrett’s esophagus: does light still have a role?

Photodynamic therapy was the first treatment to have been shown to significantly decrease high-grade dysplasia and cancer in patients with Barrett's esophagus. However, its use has been limited, primarily because of the side effects, which include esophageal strictures, cutaneous photosensitivity, chest pain, and nausea and vomiting. The tolerability aspects of photodynamic therapy, as well as the dosimetry, though, can be improved with existing technologies to further develop this therapy into truly a widely applicable therapy. Studies have recently been done to help identify patients more likely to suffer stricture after photodynamic therapy. In addition there has been evidence to suggest that the efficacy of photodynamic therapy also can be limited by genetic abnormalities in the mucosa. By combining knowledge of tissue biology, optical properties of the tissue, and dosimetry issues with ablation, photodynamic therapy can still have a potentially bright future.
Reproductive safety of an amino-acetonitrile derivative (AAD), monepantel, in rams following repeated oral administration

Abstract AIM: To demonstrate the clinical and reproductive safety in rams of repetitive oral doses of monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative (AAD), when administered at three times the proposed maximum recommended dose (MRD) over an entire spermatogenic cycle and during mating with ewes. METHODS: A randomised controlled blinded study design was used with 28 rams randomly divided into two groups. The control group was treated with saline, and the other group was given three times the MRD (11.25 mg/kg) of monepantel. Treatments were administered orally every 5 days, for 100 days, during an entire spermatogenic cycle and subsequent mating period. Detailed recording at multiple time points were made of veterinary examinations; observations for adverse events; bodyweight measurements; faecal scores; haematology, clinical chemistry and coagulation variables; semen indices; evaluation of serving capacity; and gross pathology (including measurement of organ weights) performed on 10 rams from each group at the completion of the study. RESULTS: All rams treated with monepantel and those in the control group thrived and behaved normally to the end of the study. No treatment-related, toxicologically relevant adverse events, clinical observations or macroscopic changes were observed. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in bodyweight or organ weights, and haematological, clinical chemistry or coagulation variables between rams treated with monepantel and control rams. No significant changes were observed in any semen variable measured in any rams, and the serving capacity of rams mated to ewes was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Repeated oral administration of monepantel at three times the MRD every 5 days over an entire spermatogenic cycle and during mating was not associated with any treatment-related adverse effects on the reproductive performance of rams and was systemically very well tolerated. This study demonstrated that this population of rams could tolerate accidental overdoses of up to three times the MRD of monepantel or prolonged repetitive administration at overdoses. Thus, those so treated entering a breeding programme would have normal sperm indices, mating behaviour, and health.
Elicitation of galanthamine production by leucojum aestivum shoots grown in temporary immersion system

The influence of different elicitors (copper sulfate, silver nitrate, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate), on both the growth and alkaloid production of Leucojum aestivum shoots grown in a temporary immersion system was studied. Seven Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and three protoalkaloids were quantitatively determined by GC‐MS analysis in leaves and bulblets, separately. Methyl jasmonate was found to significantly improve the production of galanthamine (GAL) in both leaves and bulblets. The content of GAL released to the liquid nutrient medium was also measured. The release of GAL into the liquid medium took place mainly in the first 2 weeks determined by harvesting the liquid nutrient medium after 2 weeks and measuring the GAL content (1st subculturing step). © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 29: 311–318, 2013
Characterization of Perimenopausal Bone Loss: A Prospective Study

This study characterized the change in bone mass, bone markers, pituitary/gonadal hormones, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and anthropometric variables in a cohort of healthy women as they passed through normal menopause. We recruited 75 women > 46 years old who had premenopausal estradiol (E2) and gonadotropin levels and regular menses. During 9.5 years of observation, 54 experienced normal menopause (PM group) and 21 remained estrogen replete (ER group). Before the beginning of the menopausal drop and after its completion, the slope of bone mass on time in the PM group was 0% for the spine, −0.61% per year for the total body, and −0.45% per year for the femoral neck. Designating these losses as “age related,” there were 0, 4.88, and 3.40% losses for spine, total body bone mineral (TBBM), and femoral neck, respectively, in the 8‐year period for which the data were analyzed. Across menopause, we found a sigmoid pattern of bone loss in the PM group beginning about 2–3 years before the last menses and ending about 3–4 years after the last menses. The total estrogen‐deprivation bone losses were 10.50, 7.73, and 5.30% for the spine, TBBM, and femoral neck, respectively. In the ER group, we found a 0, 0.59, and 0.93% per year loss in spine, TBBM, and femoral neck, respectively. Serum osteocalcin rose 77%, serum total alkaline phosphatase rose 34%, and urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine (Hypro/Cr) ratio rose 44% in the PM group, while remaining stable in the ER group. We conclude that menopausal bone loss is a composite of loss caused by estrogen deprivation and age per se for the hip and total body, but is caused by estrogen deprivation alone for the spine.
The Atomistic Green's Function Method: An Efficient Simulation Approach for Nanoscale Phonon Transport

This article presents a general formulation of an atomistic Green's function (AGF) method. The atomistic Green's function approach combines atomic-scale fidelity with asymptotic treatment of large-scale (bulk) features, such that the method is particularly well suited to address an emerging class of multiscale transport problems. A detailed mathematical derivation of the phonon transmission function is provided in terms of Green's functions and, using the transmission function, the heat flux integral is written in Landauer form. Within this theoretical framework, the required inputs to calculate heat flux are equilibrium atomic locations and an appropriate interatomic potential. Relevant algorithmic and implementation details are discussed. Several examples including a homogeneous atomic chain and two heterogeneous atomic chains are included to illustrate the applications of this methodology.
THE ROLE OF MENTAL MODELS IN DYNAMIC DECISION-MAKING

Abstract : The complex and dynamic nature of various types of operations pose specific cognitive challenges on the decision-making process that the current training regiment of military commanders does not directly address. Therefore, DRDC Toronto is interested in researching training techniques to prepare Canadian Forces (CF) commanders and staff for decision-making in such complex and dynamic environments (12sk). This report provides a review of relevant DDM literature and mental models literature as it relates to DDM. DDM consists of (1) decision maker(s) (2) in a complex environment (3) attempting to accomplish one or more tasks. DDM is required in environments with high risk and complexity, and involves the performance of tasks requiring multiple steps, that are inherently time sensitive, interdependent, and which exert influence over the surrounding environment as well as being influenced by it. Dynamic decision-making has been explored from different perspectives, including systems theory, psychology, and control theory from the engineering domain. These perspectives put varying amounts of focus on different aspects of DDM. What is common to all of these approaches are the assumptions that whether forming models of complex systems or making intuitive decisions based on very little information, people tend to form some sort of mental model to undertake DDM. At a broad level, mental models can be described as personal mental representations of our world. Although there is no one agreed definition of mental models, they are generally recognized to serve three key functions: to describe, to predict, and to explain our world. The aim of this report was to explore how mental models are understood across the propositional logic, physical systems, situation model, and system dynamics perspectives. Few similarities in the descriptions of mental models were found between the domains reviewed in this report.
Psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia after the acute phase.

Sixty schizophrenic and 34 nonschizophrenic patients were assessed 3 years after discharge on 17 types of psychotic symptoms. Schizophrenics were significantly higher than nonschizophrenic patients on the overall index of psychotic features (p less than .01) and on the index of delusions (p less than .01). Using a weighted estimate, 38.5 percent of the nonparanoid schiziphrenics showed clear evidence of psychotic features, and another 20.5 percent showed some evidence of psychotic features which were weak or sporadic or which the patients seemed able to bring into perspective. Schizophrenic subdiagnosis did not predict later psychotic sysmptoms, although there was a trend for more psychotic features in paranoid and in chronic schizophrenics. The belief that psychotic symptoms in schiziphrenia are not just temporary states was supported. However, conceptions about psychotic symptoms persisting in all schizophrenics were not affirmed.
Efficient noise analysis methods for large non-ideal SC and SI circuits

A fully general and efficient noise analysis method is presented for both switched capacitor and switched-current circuits. The fold back effects and non-ideal effects such as parasitic resistive time constant have been taken into account. The thermal noise and flicker noise generated by MOS transistors are considered. By utilising the adjoint network technique, only one system solution is needed for noise analysis. In addition, numerical inversion of the Laplace transformation, the Hessenberg technique, extensive sparse matrix routines and interpretable code generation have been used to improve the efficiency of noise analysis. The method has been implemented in SCNAP4 and numerical results are given in the last section. <<ETX>>
Degradation behaviors and reliability of high power GaN-based white LEDs with different structures

Highly stress tests were carried out for GaN-based high power white LEDs with different structures, including traditional lateral, vertical as well as flip-chip LEDs. During the tests, all the electrical, optical and thermal properties were measured in-situ for each LED. The results show that for lateral LEDs, the structure property of LED epitaxial layer is still the key factor that influences the optical degradation behavior. With similar structure properties and leakage current, the failure mechanism will be similar and the activation energy is close to each other. In addition, it is shown that the vertical and flip-chip LEDs can improve the heat dissipation effectively, especially at high temperature. Compared the lifetimes of the LEDs with different structures at different stress temperatures, it can be found that the stress temperature play an important role for reliability evaluation. The optimized stress temperature can help to evaluate the reliability more efficiently. The study will give guidance for the future LED design with controllable lifetime. A statement of the problem or situation, and the approach that is taken to resolve it. The second paragraph in the Section should start with a "line break" (using the enter/return key), but do not add an extra blank line. The slight indent will clearly define the paragraphs, and the "ECTC Text" Style includes a slight spacing (1 point) between paragraphs within the Section. This first Section may also contain a summary of the past developments and background of what is already known, and published elsewhere. This is best summarized in your own paper, with references to other publications containing more-extensive discussions of this background information. [1] The references are placed at the end of the paper. [2] Remember that you should not re-state material that is readily available in the archival literature; simply summarize it, then add a reference or two. Many peer-reviewed papers in our fields have been published in the IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, and on Advanced Packaging — see www.cpmt. org/trans/.
Fine grained entanglement loss along renormalization group flows

We explore entanglement loss along renormalization group trajectories as a basic quantum information property underlying their irreversibility. This analysis is carried out for the quantum Ising chain as a transverse magnetic field is changed. We consider the ground-state entanglement between a large block of spins and the rest of the chain. Entanglement loss is seen to follow from a rigid reordering, satisfying the majorization relation, of the eigenvalues of the reduced density matrix for the spin block. More generally, our results indicate that it may be possible to prove the irreversibility along renormalization group trajectories from the properties of the vacuum only, without need to study the whole Hamiltonian.