Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foundational aspects of schema mapping optimization and normalization / von Vadim Savenkov

Schema mappings represent a basic concept of data integration and data exchange, expressing the relationship between database schemas. They can be seen as declarative programs, transforming the data from one schema to another, or rewriting a query against one schema as a query against another schema. A typical situation is when syntactically different mappings have the same effect with respect to a given task in information integration. However, syntactical differences may have dramatic effects on the consumption of computational resources, which are required for solving the task. Considering mappings leading to the same end result for the task at hand as equivalent, one can formulate the semantic optimization problem as follows: among multiple equivalent mappings find those that yield the least resource consumption. The first step towards the goal of schema mapping optimization has been made by Fagin et al. in 2008 by introducing three basic notions of schema mapping equivalence and studying their properties. This dissertation extends the theory of schema mapping optimization in several directions. The first part of this dissertation deals with the question of optimization and normalization of schema mappings with respect to the standard notion of logical equivalence. We formulate the concrete optimality criteria for schema mappings given by embedded dependencies, and define a system of rewrite rules, transforming a mapping given by a set of source-to-target dependencies into an optimal one. We also prove that the result of applying our rewrite rule system is unique up to renaming of variables. Moreover, we extend this result by defining a unique normal form in the presence of target equality generating dependencies and show the trade-off between uniqueness and optimality in this setting. In the second part of the dissertation, we move on to the relaxed notions of equivalence, proposed by Fagin et al.: namely, to data exchange equivalence and to conjunctive query equivalence. If no integrity constraints are defined over the target schema, these notions are known to coincide with logical equivalence. We show that this result holds even if the target schema includes integrity constraints, under the assumption that the schema and the constraints are fixed. If the target constraints are taken as part of the mapping and are allowed to vary, the relaxed notions of equivalence are known to become undecidable. For conjunctive query equivalence, this holds even if the target constraints are restricted to primary keys. We separate the two relaxed notions of equivalence by identifying a practically relevant class of target integrity constraints
Capacitively coupled plasma source operating in Xe/Ar mixtures

The parameters of a capacitively coupled plasma source operating in Xe/Ar mixtures have been studied using particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo methods. The plasma density, ion energy distributions (IEDs) for different sorts of ions, ion current densities, energy delivered by ions to the electrodes and other parameters of a Xe/Ar plasma are systematically investigated as a function of the Xe/(Ar + Xe) mixing ratio. It is shown that the addition of xenon to an argon discharge increases the plasma density, changes the electron energy distribution and lowers the electron temperature. Both single and dual frequency plasma issues are addressed. The dependence of the IED on the observation position in the sheath is also investigated. Computational results are compared with available experimental data.
Bionanocomposites based on layered double hydroxides as drug delivery systems

The present work introduces new biohybrid materials involving layered double hydroxides (LDH) and biopolymers to produce bionanocomposites, able to act as effective drug delivery systems (DDS). Ibuprofen (IBU) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) have been chosen as model drugs, being intercalated in a Mg–Al LDH matrix. On the one side, the LDHIBU intercalation compound prepared by ion-exchange reaction was blended with the biopolymers zein, a highly hydrophobic protein, and alginate, a polysaccharide widely applied for encapsulating drugs. On the other side, the LDH- 5-ASA intercalation compound prepared by co-precipitation was assembled to the polysaccharides chitosan and pectin, which show mucoadhesive properties and resistance to acid pH values, respectively. Characterization of the intercalation compounds and the resulting bionanocomposites was carried out by means of different experimental techniques: X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, chemical and thermal analysis, as well as optical and scanning electron microscopies. Data on the swelling behavior and drug release under different pH conditions are also reported.
Development of Mykolaiv Virtual Observatory

Results obtained in 2010-2013 on the development of astronomical databases and web services are presented. Mykolaiv Virtual Observatory (MVO) is a part of the Ukrainian Virtual Observatory (UkrVO). At present, MVO consists of three major databases containing data on: astrometric catalogues, photographic plates, CCD observations. The databases facilitate the process of data mining and provide easy access to the textual and graphic information on the results of observations and their reduc-tion obtained during the whole history of Nikolaev Astronomical Observatory (NAO).
An efficient green procedure for the synthesis of chalcones using C-200 as solid support under grinding conditions

Abstract A simple, rapid, efficient and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of chalcones has been achieved by grinding aryl aldehydes and acetophenones with anhydrous barium hydroxide (C-200) in the absence of any solvent. The use of organic solvent for extraction of compound is also avoided. This present method is highly useful for the synthesis of 2′-hydroxy chalcones, required intermediates for the synthesis of flavanoids.
Long time fluctuation of liquid water: 1/f spectrum of energy fluctuation in hydrogen bond network rearrangement dynamics

The power spectrum of the potential energy fluctuation of liquid water is examined and found to yield so‐called 1/f frequency dependence (f is frequency). This is in sharp contrast to spectra of simple liquids (e.g., liquid argon), which exhibit a near white spectrum. This indicates that there exists an extended multiplicity of hydrogen bond network relaxations in liquid water. A simple model of cellular dynamics is proposed to explain this frequency dependence. On the other hand, the cluster dynamics of argon also involves energy fluctuations of a 1/f type, resulting from various relaxation processes at core and surface.
Convenient, Rapid Synthesis of Ag Nanowires

The rapid, microwave-assisted aerobic synthesis of silver nanowires based on the polyol method is described. Benchtop dissolution of NaCl and AgNO3 (ratio 1:6 to 1:3) in ethylene glycol and subsequent heating using microwave irradiation (300 W) in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone generates Ag nanowires in ∼80% yield in 3.5 min. Upon purification, microscopy (TEM, SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction reveal a uniform set of crystalline Ag nanowires with dimensions of 45 nm × 4−12 μm. Wire formation is highly dependent upon the microwave heating power, time, and NaCl:AgNO3 ratio because of the rapid heating process and the presence of O2 as an etching coreagent. Extended microwave heating causes the wires to fuse if in proximity or degrade to shorter wires presumably via the etching reaction. In the absence of O2/Cl-, the wires melt upon extended microwave heating (>4 min), suggesting that nanowire melting may contribute to the observed morphology under etching conditions. Compared to existing wet-chemical.
FEVER--A ONE-DIMENSIONAL FEW-GROUP DEPLETION PROGRAM FOR REACTOR ANALYSIS

The one-dimensional difiusion-theory depletion program FEVER, written in FORTRAN-II for a 32,000-word computer is described. The code allows for the representation of self-shielded burnable poisons and provides methods for automatically adjusting control poisons in various regions of the reactor according to some specified sequence. No intermediate tape manipulation is required during the calculations, since all program and data storage are contained in the fast memory of the computer. Information oriented to meet the needs of the potential user of the program and a documentation of the programming details. are presented. (auth)
Brownian dynamics simulations of concentrated dispersions: viscoelasticity and near-Newtonian behaviour

We make a detailed study of the viscoelastic and shear-thinning properties of the popular r–36 pair potential model for stable colloidal dispersions, particularly in the near-Newtonian regime, using the Brownian dynamics (BD) technique. Calculations were performed with a simple BD algorithm which uses a free-draining model for the hydrodynamic interactions. The linear or Newtonian behaviour of the liquid was obtained using the Green–Kubo formula which makes use of the stress relaxation autocorrelation function calculated from the stress fluctuations of an unsheared model colloidal liquid. The viscoelastic behaviour, characterised in terms of the complex dynamic modulus (G′, G″) and complex dynamic viscosity (η′r, η″r) of the liquid was obtained by Fourier transformation of the stress autocorrelation function.We also carried out non-equilibrium BD calculations of the non-Newtonian rheology, using Lees–Edwards periodic boundary conditions to impose a homogeneous shear rate, , on the model colloidal liquid. The sheart-hinning behaviour was calculated and the Newtonian viscosity, ηo, was obtained by extrapolation to zero shear rate. Near-Newtonian behaviour was explored using steady-shear simulations and also by applying an oscillating shear strain at constant strain amplitude to obtain the dynamic moduli directly. Two methods were used, one applying a series of widely spaced discrete oscillation frequencies applied progressively (descending from high to low frequency). Another more efficient approach was also used, employing a continuously varying sweep through frequency space with a broad Gaussian smoothing window function. This route avoids problems associated with equilibration at each frequency.We found that the Green–Kubo method gives better statistics for the Newtonian viscosity than the non-equilibrium steady-state shear technique. The viscosities obtained are in reasonable agreement with the Krieger–Dougherty equation. Low-frequency dynamic moduli are best obtained via the Green–Kubo approach, whereas the high-frequency moduli showed better statistics when calculated by the direct non-equilibrium oscillating shear strain method.
Movements and Behaviors of Resident and Translocated Northern Map Turtles (Graptemys geographica) in the Upper Niagara River with Artificial Basking/Nesting Platforms as a Management Strategy

ii Acknowledgments.v List of Tables.viii List of Figures.ix Introduction.1 Materials and Methods.9 Data Analysis.27 Results.31 Discussion.60 Conclusions.74 Conservation Management and Future Implications. 78 Literature Cited.86 Appendix.96
Effects of heating colostrum in a microwave oven on Immunoglobulin G concentration

Abstract We have established a guideline for heating colostrum in a microwave oven, which is hygienic and avoids denaturation of Immunoglobulin G (IgG). The use of the guideline results in colostrum with a temperature of 40–42°C, which is ideal for feeding the newborn calfs. In the analysis of IgG, we took into consideration that the dry matter content of colostrum varied from 15 to 35%. Before heating 30% of the samples had less than 50 mg IgG/ml, which is the threshold of good quality colostrum. The generally low level of IgG in colostrum indicates that it is important for the health of newborn calves, not to denature IgG during the heating process. Therefore the established guideline will help the dairy farmer to supply the newborn calf with sufficient IgG and thereby improve the health of the calf. Furthermore, we demonstrated that heating thawed colostrum gave a more homogeneous result than heating frozen colostrum.
Relative expression of proinflammatory cytokines by real time PCR in milk somatic cells of subclinical mastitis affected buffaloes

The expression profile of proinflammatory cytokines including TNFa, IL1b, IL6 and IFNg were investigated in milk somatic cells of subclinical mastitis affected buffaloes using real time PCR assay. Relative expression levels of target mRNAs were analysed by comparison with the expression of the housekeeping gene, b-actin within each animal. Highest relative transcript level of TNFa (44.93 ± 1.16) was observed followed by IL1b (19.92 ± 1.78), IL6 (4.72 ± 1.96) and IFNg (2.55 ± 2.23) from milk somatic cells of subclinical mastitis with respect to healthy ones. Lowest upregulation of IFN-g in the present study attributed to the isolation of only Gram positive bacteria (staphylococci and streptococci) from subclinical mastitis cases. Monitoring of cytokines involved in the regulation of immune responses during the infection is useful in determining cytokine markers that could be utilized as a forecasting tool in the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.
TiO2 enhanced ultraviolet detection based on a graphene/Si Schottky diode

Graphene/Si has been proved to form a quality Schottky junction with high photoelectric conversion efficiency at AM 1.5. However, for the ultraviolet portion of the incident light, the photoelectric performance will degrade significantly due to severe absorption and recombination at the front surface. Herein, to realize enhanced ultraviolet detection with a graphene/Si diode, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs, 3–5 nm) are synthesized and spin-coated on the graphene surface to improve the photoresponse in the ultraviolet region. According to our results, the conversion efficiency of the graphene/Si diode at 420 nm and 350 nm increases by 72.7% and 100% respectively with TiO2 coating. Then C−2–V measurements of both TiO2 and graphene/Si diode are performed to analyze the electronic band structure of the TiO2/graphene/Si system, based on which we finally present the enhancement mechanism of photodetection using TiO2 NPs.
Infrared Ellipsometric Spectroscopy of Adsorbed Species

Abstract The recent development of a wide range of physical methods for studying single crystal surfaces under carefully controlled conditions has revolutionized the prospects for obtaining fundamental information at the molecular level in the field of surface physics and chemistry. It is generally recognized [1] that in order to make further substantial advances in this field, techniques must be developed which give detailed structural information on the interfacial region. A brief description of such techniques currently under development follows.
The role of electrolyte anions (ClO 4 (super -) , NO 3 (super -) , and Cl (super -) ) in divalent metal (M (super 2+) ) adsorption on oxide and hydroxide surfaces in salt solutions

Adsorption of divalent metal ions (M{sup 2+}) onto oxide and hydroxide surfaces from solutions of strong electrolytes has typically been inferred to take place without the involvement of the electrolyte anion. Only in situations where M{sup 2+} forms a strong enough aqueous complex with the electrolyte anion (for example, CdCl{sup +} or PbCl{sup +}) has it been frequently suggested that the metal and the electrolyte anion adsorb simultaneously. A review of experimental data for the adsorption of Cd{sup 2+}, Pb{sup 2+}, Co{sup 2+}, UO{sub 2}{sup 2+}, Zn{sup 2+}, Cu{sup 2+}, Ba{sup 2+}, Sr{sup 2+}, and Ca{sup 2+} onto quartz, silica, goethite, hydrous ferric oxide, corundum, {gamma}-alumina, anatase, birnessite, and magnetite, from NaNO{sub 3}, KNO{sub 3}, NaCl, and NaClO{sub 4} solutions over a wide range of ionic strengths (0.0001 M-1.0 M), reveals that transition and heavy metal adsorption behavior with ionic strength is a function of the type of electrolyte. In NaNO{sub 3} solutions, metal adsorption exhibits little or no dependence on the ionic strength of the solution. However, in NaCl solutions, transition and heavy metal adsorption decreases strongly with increasing ionic strength. In NaClO{sub 4} solutions, metal adsorption decreases strongly with increasing ionic strength. In NaClO{sub 4} solutions, metal adsorptionmore » exhibits little dependence on ionic strength but is often suggestive of an increase in metal adsorption with increasing ionic strength. Analysis of selected adsorption edges was carried out using the extended triple-layer model and aqueous speciation models that included metal-nitrate, metal-chloride, and metal-hydroxide complexes. « less
Reactions of monochloramine with bromine, tribromide, hypobromous acid and hypobromite: formation of bromochloramines

Pulsed-accelerated-flow and stopped-flow spectroscopies are used to measure rate constants for the reactions of NH 2 Cl with Br 2 , Br 3 - , HOBr, and OBr - : NH 2 Cl+Br 2 . NHBrCl+Br - +H + ; NH 2 Cl+Br 3 - . NHBrCl+ 2Br - +H + ; NH 2 Cl+HOBr.NHBrCl+H 2 O; NH 2 Cl+OBr - . NHBrCl+OH -
Effect of uniaxial strain on the reflectivity of graphene

We evaluate the optical reflectivity for a uniaxially strained graphene single layer between a SiO2 substrate and air. A tight binding model for the band dispersion of graphene is employed. As a function of strain modulus and direction, graphene may traverse one of several electronic topological transitions, characterized by a change of topology of its Fermi line. This results in features in the conductivity within the optical range, which might be observable experimentally.
Advances in Cyclone Modelling Using Unstructured Grids

This paper reviews the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for cyclone modelling on three-dimensional unstructured meshes using both the Reynolds Stress Turbulence model and Large Eddy Simulation. Results of the subsequent numerical simulations show consistent agreement compared with Laser Doppler Anemometry measurements at a series of axial stations throughout the length of a Stairmand high efficiency cyclone.
Separation and Identification of Photolysis Products of Clothianidin by Ultra-Performance Liquid Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Photolysis of clothianidin by Xenon lamp was investigated by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS/MS). Quantitative study on the photodegradation of clothianidin found that the photodegradation obeyed first order kinetics (C = 9.9917e – 0.187t, R² = 0.994). The half-life was about 3.6 hours. Qualitative study on photolysis products of clothianidin were taken by checking all total ion spectra of different sample time. A total of eight products was found in this study. The structure of each product was determined by the total ion spectrometry spectrum and daughter-scan spectrum. The mechanism of photodegradation of this pesticide included radical denitration, nucleophilic substitution, and rearrangement, ring-open, and ring-close. Through the analysis of the change of every product and the mass information, the photolysis pathway was drawn. From this study, products of V, VI, and VII seemed more stable than clothianidin.
JSC Guest Student Programme Proceedings 2016

In this report I will present an implementation of a pure gauge 2D U(1) theory on a lattice. The objective is to measure the topological susceptibility, which, in the full QCD theory, is proportional to the mass squared of the axion, a candidate for dark matter. I will show that a Möbius boundary is useful to avoid charge freezing, the main problem that prevents performing a well controlled extrapolation to the continuum limit. Furthermore, I will discuss how the topological charge is influenced by space topology, and why a new topological invariant is arising. Giovanni Iannelli Physics Department University of Pisa Italy iannelli.giovanni@gmail.com
Mechanisms of plant growth stimulation by humic substances: The role of organo-iron complexes

Abstract Stimulatory effects of humic substances (HS) on plant growth have been observed and widely documented. Studies have often shown positive effects on seed germination, root initiation and total plant biomass. The consistency of these observations has been uncertain, predominantly due to the lack of understanding of the plant growth promotion mechanism. Often these effects have been attributed to a direct effect of plant growth hormones; whereas in other instances the term “hormone-like activity” has been used to describe the plant growth stimulation (Chen and Aviad, Humic Substances in Soil and Crop Sciences: Selected Readings, American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 1990; Nardi et al., Humic Substances in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Elsevier Science B.V., 1996). Yet, investigators have been unable to prove that plant growth regulators are present in HS preparations, or the evidence provided remains unconvincing. An alternative hypothesis suggesting that growth enhancement of plants grown in nutrient solution (NS) containing HS is the result of improved micronutrient availability, Fe in particular, has been postulated and tested in the present study. Nutrient solutions containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Mo, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe at concentrations considered to be optimal for plant growth were tested for solubility of the Fe, Zn, and Mn, 7 days after preparation. In addition to control solutions at pH values of 5, 6, 7, and 7.5, 0 to 200 mg L−1 of leonardite humic acid (HA) were added to the solutions and they were tested for Fe and Zn solubility. The HA greatly enhanced the maintenance in solution of Fe, in all the tested solutions, and Zn at pH 7.5. Mn mostly remained in solution in its inorganic forms. Plant growth experiments were carried out on both dicotyledonous plants (melons and soybean) and monocotytedonous Poaceae plants (ryegrass), due to the major difference in their Fe uptake mechanism. Plants grown in the absence of Fe exhibited severe Fe deficiency that could only partially be corrected with the addition of mineral Fe salts. The addition of HA or fulvic acid (FA) without addition of Fe, and Zn resulted in partial growth enhancement and correction of Fe deficiency, or none of the two, in the various experiments. This suggests that the growth enhancement effect observed in solutions containing Fe, Zn, and HS was related to the micronutrients rather than to phytohormones. However, the addition of Fe, Zn and either EDTA, HA or FA resulted in healthy, chlorophyll rich plants and enhanced growth, thereby providing evidence that improved Fe, and possibly Zn nutrition is a major mechanism of plant growth stimulation by HS. The use of the term hormone-like activity could be the result of the similarity of the physiological effects obtained in plants enjoying sufficient supply of Fe and Zn.