Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality and acceptability of duck patties stored at ambient and refrigeration temperature

Effect of storage periods at ambient and refrigeration temperature on duck patties was studied. pH of duck patties significantly increased (P < 0.01) at ambient temperature and decreased (P < 0.01) at refrigeration temperature. TBA and Tyrosine values increased significantly (P < 0.01) with increased storage period at both temperatures. A higher rate of increase in TBA values occurred at ambient temperature than refrigeration temperature. There was no significant difference in proximate composition except moisture content on different storage periods at both temperatures. TVC and TPSC values increased significantly (P < 0.01) with increase in storage period at both temperatures. A significant decrease in scores of organoleptic evaluation occurred with increase in storage period at both temperatures. A higher rate of decrease in sensory scores occurred at ambient temperature than that of refrigeration temperature. A significant correlation of physico-chemical changes with acceptability of duck patties was noticed. So, duck patties were acceptable upto 7 days at refrigeration temperature. Key words: Ambient and refrigeration temperature, duck, patties, quality, storage.
Polished Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode: Further Characterization and Applications in Voltammetric Measurements

Abstract Polished silver solid amalgam electrode (p‐AgSAE) appears to be a good alternative to hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The present work focuses on analysis of the electrode material and of the working electrode surface. It has been demonstrated that this electrode can be successfully used in inorganic electrochemical measurements for determination of metal cations, nitrates, and thiocyanates, etc.
Thickness Dependence of the Crystalline Structure and Hole Mobility in Thin Films of Low Molecular Weight Poly(3-hexylthiophene)

The morphology of thin films at the polymer-to-insulator interface is of great importance for OFET applications. In order to find a relation between the thickness dependence of structural order and the electrical parameters in low molecular weight (Mw ∼ 2.5 kDa) poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), we have performed grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction and field effect mobility measurements. The samples were prepared from solutions with different concentrations by spin-coating mainly onto HMDS-pretreated Si/SiO2 substrates, resulting in film thicknesses that vary between 10 and 200 nm. The X-ray diffraction curves display Bragg peaks of nanocrystallites diluted into an amorphous matrix where the orientational distribution of the crystallites changes significantly as a function of film thickness. The orientation of nanocrystals was found to be random for the thickest films. Reducing the film thickness, we found an increase in the alignment of the stacking direction of molecules along the surface normal. At same time the mean crystal size along the film normal decreases less than the decrease of film thickness. This is interpreted by a preferential pinning of nanocrystals at the film-to-insulator interface when the crystal size becomes in the order of the film thickness, i.e., below 25 nm. The model of pinning effect is supported by temperature-resolved X-ray measurements performed between room temperature and melting temperature. For films thicker than 25 nm the phase transition appears rather continuously with temperature, but it becomes sharp for thinner films. In contrast to X-ray measurements the field effect mobility is found to be constant within the whole investigated range. Our findings give evidence that the charge transport in low molecular weight P3HT is dominated by the ultrathin layer stabilized at the film-to-insulator interface. Despite the very uniform orientation of the crystallites within this layer, the field effect mobility remains low for all thicknesses. This is attributed to the presence of amorphous regions between highly crystalline domains, which ultimately limits the charge transport in the layer plane.
Virtual and Real Data Populated Intersection Visualization and Testing Tool for V2X Application Development

The capability afforded by Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication improves situational awareness and provides advantages for many of the traffic problems caused by reduced visibility or No-Line-of-Sight situations, being useful for both autonomous and non-autonomous driving. Additionally, with the traffic light Signal Phase and Timing and Map Datainformation and other advisory information provided with Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication, outcomes which benefit the driver in the long run, such as reducing fuel consumption with speed regulation or decreasing traffic congestion through optimal speed advisories, providing red light violation warning messages and intersection motion assist messages for collision-free intersection maneuvering are all made possible. However, developing applications to obtain these benefits requires an intensive development process within a lengthy testing period. Understanding the intersection better is a large part of this development process. Being able to see what information is broadcasted and how this information translates into the real world would both benefit the development of these highly useful applications and also ensure faster evaluation, when presented visually, using an easy to use and interactive tool. Moreover, recordings of this broadcasted information can be modified and used for repeated testing. Modification of the data makes it flexible and allows us to use it for a variety of testing scenarios at a virtually populated intersection. Based on this premise, this paper presents and demonstrates visualization tools to project SPaT, MAP and Basic Safety Message information into easy to read real-world based graphs. Also, it provides information about the modification of the real-world data to allow creation of a virtually populated intersection, along with the capability to also inject virtual vehicles at this intersection.
Poly(l‐lysine)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol): a versatile aqueous lubricant additive for tribosystems involving thermoplastics

The adsorption and aqueous lubricating behaviour of poly(l‐lysine)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL‐g‐PEG) have been investigated for tribopairs involving thermoplastic materials, including polypropylene, polyamide‐6,6 and polyethylene. A major finding is that PLL‐g‐PEG adsorbs onto both hydrophobic, non‐polar surfaces and hydrophilic, polar (negatively charged) surfaces from aqueous solution, and thus plays as a very unique and effective aqueous boundary lubricant additive for the sliding contact of thermoplastics against themselves as well as against many hydrophilic, polar materials, including metals (e.g. stainless steel) or ceramics (e.g. zirconia, ZrO2). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initiated and Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition of Polymeric Thin Films: iCVD and oCVD

The techniques of initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) and oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) enable the fabrication of chemically well‐defined thin polymeric films on complex objects with micro‐ and nano‐scale features. By depositing polymers from the vapor phase, many wetting and solution effects are avoided, and conformal films can be created. In iCVD, a variant of hot filament CVD, the deposition rate is enhanced and chemical functionalities of the polymers' constituents are maintained by including a thermally labile initiator in the feed stream. Due to the low energy required when using an initiator, delicate substrates can be coated. In oCVD, infusible, electrically conductive films are formed directly on the substrate of interest as the oxidant and monomer are introduced into the reactor simultaneously. This Feature Article provides an overview of the work that has been done to develop iCVD and oCVD into platform technologies. Relevant background, fundamentals, and applications will be discussed.
Low-temperature vapour phase deposition of bismuth sulphide films

A nearly stoichiometric bismuth sulphide precipitate obtained as a by-product of the chemical deposition technique is used as a source in low-temperature vapour phase deposition of thin films. At relatively low deposition temperatures () highly polycrystalline films are formed on glass substrates, while very thin films are obtained at lower temperatures (95 - 250). The highest photocurrent () is found in the first group while the highest photosensitivity (S = 56) is found in the amorphous or too thin films. XRD patterns of bismuth sulphide powder before and after 5 h deposition show its enrichment in Bi due to the enrichment in S and sulphur-rich bismuth sulphide species of the vapour phase. For films deposited at temperatures in the range of 290 - 380, the change in composition of the source causes different deposition rates and preferential growth of some of the bismuthinite planes ( for as-deposited powder and for bismuth-rich sources), compositional changes in the films (stratification) does not seem to be relevant at these temperatures. The bandgap of the films decreases as the deposition temperature increases from at to 1 - 1.3 eV at . Similar results were obtained with different sources, which indicates the stronger dependence of with respect to substrate temperature than with respect to the type of source.
Studies on the efficacy of sulphate of potash (SOP) on the physiological, yield and quality parameters of banana cv. Robusta (Cavendish- AAA)

The investigation was carried out to assess the comparative efficacy of sulphate of potash (SOP) and muriate of motash (MOP) to improve the growth, yield and quality of the Robusta banana through enhanced physiological processes. The chlorophyll content, relative water content, NRase activity, soluble protein, photosynthetic efficacy and gas exchange characters were found to be higher with 150 per cent of the recommended potassium (K) using SOP. The treatment T9 i.e. potassium application at the 150 per cent level as sulphate of potash had a higher total dry matter production, reflecting on the maximum bunch weight coupled with quality. The results clearly indicated the benefit of SOP in increasing the bunch size with better quality fruits, and hence it is recommended to integrate SOP in banana nutrition, by supplying a recommended dose of K through SOP at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months after planting.
Glass-amorphous alkali-ion solid electrolytes and their performance in symmetrical cells

Precursors of the crystalline antiperovskites A3−xHxOCl (A = Li or Na and 0 < x < 1) can be rendered glass/amorphous solid Li+ or Na+ electrolytes by the addition of water to its solvation limit with/without the addition of a small amount of an oxide or hydroxide. The solvated water is evaporated as HCl and 2(OH)− = O2− + H2O. The O2− attracts a Li+ or Na+ to form dipoles; the remaining Li+ or Na+ are mobile. The Li+ or Na+ ionic conductivities of the glass/amorphous solids have activation energies ΔHm < 0.1 eV and a room-temperature conductivity comparable to that of the best organic liquid electrolytes. Measurements of the dielectric loss tangent versus frequency show two overlapping resonances at room temperature with the Ba-doped Li-glass; they are nearly overlapping at temperatures 41 °C < T < 141 °C in the Ba-doped Na-glass. Galvanostatic charging of a symmetric Cu/Na-glass/Cu cell for 1 h showed a remarkable self-charge on switching to open circuit; charging for 15 h followed by discharging at an applied −0.1 mA of the symmetric cell showed, in the discharge mode, a replating of sodium on the anode at a positive cell current of +0.07 mA for over 15 h. A model for these behaviors is proposed. A symmetric Li/Li-glass/Li cell was cycled to demonstrate plating of Li on a current collector from the Li-glass electrolyte.
KINETICS OF SOLID‐PHASE REACTIONS OF CERTAIN CARBONATES WITH MULLITE, SILICA, AND ALUMINA*

Quantitative measurements of the rates at several temperatures of reactions between carefully sized solids have been made by determining the amount of CO2 evolved as a function of the time. While the absolute rate is a function of grain size and other factors, the temperature coefficient gives a constant characteristic of the chemical system involved. The reaction product is found to lessen the speed of reaction in accordance with the relation, dyjdt=k/y, where y is the thickness of the layer of reaction product. Under comparable conditions, sodium carbonate attacks mullite most easily, with less attack on quartz, and least on corundum. The activity of calcium carbonate on mullite, quartz, and corundum is considerably less marked. Applications to glass melting and to corrosion of refractories by alkali or alkali-earth dusts are discussed. A table of values of the function, , for positive integral value of x form 1 to 100 is included.
Understanding the Ring-Opening Reaction of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydride in an Amine-Mediated Living Polymerization: A DFT Study

The primary-amine-initiated polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) is a widely-used and promising way to synthesize polypeptide-involved materials with various applications. The nucleophilic attack mechanism, also known as normal amine mechanism of ring opening reaction of NCA is investigated in detail by means of the DFT calculation in this work. Three steps, i.e., addition, ring opening and decarboxylation are discussed. The addition of C 5 carbonyl group of NCA by NH 2 group of initiator requires the highest activation energy (≈60 kcal · mol ―1 ) and is regarded as the rate-determining step. These results are compatible with the experimental studies reported previously and provide an inside view of the normal amine mechanism.
Chemical effects of continuous and pulsed ultrasound : a comparative study of polymer degradation and iodide oxidation

The oxidation of iodide and main-chain degradation of poly(acrylamide) were studied under continuous and pulsed 1-MHz ultrasound irradiation of aqueous solutions containing both solutes simultaneously. The ratio of the rates of degradation to oxidation strongly increases with the intensity of the ultrasound. In the intensity range where the coalescence of cavitation bubbles causes the oxidation yield to diminish, the degradation is little affected. It is concluded that strong shear forces (producing fast degradation) are still generated in the vicinity of oscillating or collapsing gas bubbles when the temperature reached in the adiabatic compression phase of the bubbles is not high (i.e., little oxidation occurs)
Writing and Reading at Nanoscale with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope

The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has grown and evolved at an incredible rate. Now STM not only is used as a powerful imaging tool to provide atomic resolution surface topography but also quickly becomes a nanoscale manipulator after slight modification. In this paper, we describe a nanoscale lithography technique, which was developed by combining STM with an electrochemical cell. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this technique, which allows us to write, read, and erase letters at a nanoscale level. At present, there still exist some difficulties but we believe that the ability to write, edit, and archive symbols and patterns on a nanoscale level constitutes a significant advance and an enabling concept in nanolithography
An Investigation of the Conformation of β-Carrageenan by Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Carrageenan is known to change its conformation from coil to helix and to form a gel. However, the accurate conformation and the transition mechanism have not yet been detailed. In this work, the conformational behavior of β-carrageenan (a copolymer with a carrabiose repeating unit, 1,4-linked 3,6-anhydro-α-D-galactose (A) and 1,3-linked β-D-galactose (B)), was studied by using molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulation methods with the program CHARMM22. The energy maps of the carrabiose as a function of the dihedral angles of the glycosidic linkages between the A–B (1–3 linkage) and B–A (1–4 linkage) carrabiose units were calculated. Both carrabiose units were found to have five deep potential energy minima. Based on these carrabiose conformations, 25 conformers of the single helical chain carradodecaose were constructed and their minimum energy conformations were investigated by molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations. From the results of these analyses, a possible single helic.
Aspects of the Statistical Thermodynamics of Real Fluids

By extending the ideas previously applied to the statistical mechanical theory of hard sphere fluids of Reiss, Frisch, and Lebowitz, an approximate expression has been determined for the work of creating a spherical cavity in a real fluid. In turn the knowledge of this entity permits an evaluation of properties such as the surface tension and the normal heats of vaporization of fluids and the Henry's law constants of fluid mixtures. The agreement between the calculated and experimental properties is satisfactory.
A COMPARISON OF OPTIMAL INTERNALLY STAGED PERMEATOR AND EXTERNAL TWO-STAGE MODULE DESIGNS FOR O2 ENRICHMENT FROM AIR

We present a performance comparison of internally staged permeator (ISP) and external two-stage module designs for oxygen enrichment from air. Design and operational parameters were selected to maximize product recovery. Theoretically, the optimized external two-stage design performs almost as well as the optimal ISP design; the optimal ISP configuration (co-counter design) gives slightly higher product recovery but requires more membrane area than the optimal external two-stage design. Experimental performance measurements of the external two-stage design are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
High-Pressure Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for Carbon Dioxide + Limonene

A circulation-type apparatus was used to measure the high-pressure vapor-liquid equilibria for carbon dioxide + limonene at 313.2 K from (3.93 to 7.87) MPa, at 323.2 K from (3.94 to 9.27) MPa, and at 333.2 K from (4.99 to 10.26) MPa. The results were correlated by the Peng−Robinson equation of state using conventional mixing rules with two interaction parameters.
Formulation & Invitro Evaluation of Drug Reservoir Transdermal Patches of Piroxicam Using Polymers HPMC E15, PVP K30 & Eudragit L100

The purpose of this research work was to formulate and evaluate drug reservoir Transdermal Patches containing Piroxicam with different ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric combinations by the solvent casting technique. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers were studied by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy. The results suggested no physicochemical incompatibility between the drug and the polymers. Transdermal patch formulations consists of hydroxy propyl methylcellulose E15, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 and Eudragit L100 in the various ratios respectively were prepared. All formulations contained Oleic acid as penetration enhancer and Polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer in dichloromethane and methanol (1:1) as solvent system. The prepared Transdermal patches were evaluated for in vitro studies such as moisture absorption, moisture loss and mechanical properties. The diffusion studies were performed by using Franz diffusion cells. The formulation, F6 with combination of polymers showed maximum release of 94.81 in 24 hrs. Hence, it can be practically concluded that Piroxicam can be formulated into the Transdermal drug reservoir patches to sustain its release characteristics.
Refractive Index of Water and Its Dependence on Wavelength, Temperature, and Density

A survey of the available experimental data and the existing equations for the refractive index of water is given. The dependence of the molar refraction on wavelength, temperature, and density is shown over an extended range. Based upon the electromagnetic theory of light an equation for the refractive index of water with wavelength, temperature, and density as independent variables is constructed. Its coefficients are directly deduced from all available experimental data by least‐squares fit. The range of validity of wavelength is restricted by the theory for normal dispersion to 182 nm≤λ≤2770 nm. The range of temperature and density is given by the available experimental data. Interpolations between the single measured points are possible and the following range of validity can be recommended: for temperature −10 °C≤T≤500 °C and for density 0.0028 kg/m3 ≤ρ≤1045 kg/m3. Good agreement exists between the new relation, the available experimental data, and several existing equations.
Model of the Ignition and Flame Development on a Vaporizing Combustible Surface in a Stagnation Point Flow: Ignition by Vapor Fuel Radiation Absorption

Abstract A numerical analysis is conducted of the initiation and evolution of a combustion reaction generated by fuel vapor absorption of radiation over an evaporating combustible surface in an oxidizer stagnation point flow. The combustible is initially evaporating due to an externally applied irradiance, and is assumed to be in equilibrium vaporization. The transient, stagnation point, gas conservation equations, including one-step Arrhenius type kinetics and fuel vapor absorption of radiation, are solved numerically for the case of PMMA as combustible evaporating in air. Detailed calculations are presented, for a specific case of irradiance and flow velocity, of the evolution of the velocity field, and temperature and species concentration distributions during the ignition of the mixture, and subsequent establishment of a diffusion flame over the combustible surface. Ignition is characterized by thermal run-away of the gas and it is considered to have occurred if, after discontinuing the external irrad.
Optimization of physical parameters for batch mode Zn (II) ion removal from liquid phase: A potential biosorption study

The present investigation has been undertaken for the evaluation of biosorption capacity of zinc sequestering bacteria VMSDCM (Accession Number. HQ108109). The maximum biosorption capacity and percentage removal of Zn (II) ion from liquid phase in batch mode were 0.21 mol g−1 and 100%, respectively, obtained at optimized pH 7, 308 K, adsorbate dose 7 mol L−1, adsorbent dose 1 g L−1, and contact time 8 h. Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron micrograph (SEM) analyses revealed the fact that the surface of bacterial mass was noncrystalline, amorphous, and enriched with negatively charged viz amino, carboxyl, amide, immidazolic, hydroxyl, and ketonic groups before the metal ion sorption. The bacterial surface became crystalline, smooth without protrusions after the sorption of Zn (II) ion onto surface of bacterium, and the reflectance of FTIR spectrum shifted from original location indicating the involvement of negatively charged surface groups in metal ion binding. The maximum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the present work was 8 mol l−1 for this bacterium. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 213‐222, 2013
Local order of the transition metals for the substitution (Co1−yCuy)2Al(OH)6Cl·nH2O (0 ⩽ y ⩽ 1) in a copper-aluminum-layered double hydroxide-like phase

The substitution in layered double hydroxide-like phases (LDH) of composition ($$\matrix{ {{{\left( {{\rm{Co}}_{1 - y}^{2 + }{\rm{Cu}}_y^{2 + }} \right)}_2}{\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}^{3 + }}{{\left( {{\rm{OH}}} \right)}_6}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}^ - } \cdot n{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}}} & {\left( {0 \leqslant y \leqslant 1} \right)} \cr } $$(Co1−y2+Cuy2+)2Al3+(OH)6Cl−⋅nH2O(0⩽y⩽1))2Al3+(OH)6Cl−·nH2O (0 ⩽ y ⩽ 1) was studied by X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the lamellar character is maintained over the entire range of the substitution. The local order for the composition {Co2Al} is typical of brucite-like sheets, whereas segregation into small domains may explain the results obtained when the percentage of Cu atoms is increased. The {Cu2Al} end-member material presents alocal order around the Cu atoms closely related to the botallackite structure as present in basic layered Cu salts, with the presence of two distinct Cu-Cu distances.