Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Philippine Nationally Managed Marine Reserves in Improving Biomass and Trophic Structure of Coral Reef Fish Communities

Abstract Many studies have examined the performance of locally managed marine reserves in the Philippines but the effectiveness of nationally managed marine reserves under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act is poorly understood. This study assessed the biomass and trophic structure of reef fishes inside and outside marine reserves from seven NIPAS seascapes. These were compared to other protected seascapes being proposed for inclusion under the NIPAS. Total fish biomass was higher inside marine reserves than outside; however, the effect of protection was not evident when total biomass of commercially valued families was compared. Furthermore, the total biomass of commercially important fishes was lower in NIPAS reefs and fell below threshold values for sustaining fisheries. No difference in trophic structure was found between inside and outside marine reserves in both NIPAS and non-NIPAS reefs. In addition, the relative biomass of predatory fishes (trophic levels ≥ 4) was smaller in reefs with low fish biomass (<25 mt km−2; which describes many NIPAS reefs), than those with higher total fish biomass. The overfished state and depauperate predator biomass of NIPAS reefs may be attributed to poor enforcement of no-take regulations and lack of stakeholder engagement, suggesting the need for improved management.
Bacterial composition and putative functions associated with sponges, sediment and seawater from the Tioman coral reef system, Peninsular Malaysia

ABSTRACT Microbial communities associated with sponges play important roles in sponge health, defence and nutrient dynamics in coral reef systems. Here, we used a 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing approach in order to test for differences in bacterial composition and predictive functional differences among two LMA (low microbial abundance) (Stylissa carteri and Stylissa massa), one well-known HMA (high microbial abundance) (Xestospongia testudinaria), one putative HMA (Aaptos lobata) sponge species, sediment and seawater in a coral reef ecosystem surrounding Tioman Island. Our results showed that biotope (sponge species, sediment and seawater) was a significant predictor of composition and abundance of bacterial communities. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in S. carteri, seawater, sediment and A. lobata, whilst bacterial communities of S. massa and X. testudinaria were dominated by Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi, respectively. The predicted metagenome revealed differentially enriched pathways in HMA and LMA sponges. Differentially enriched subcategories in HMA sponges included ‘Signaling Molecules and Interaction’, ‘Carbohydrate Metabolism’ and ‘Excretory System’. Subcategories enriched in LMA sponges included ‘Replication and Repair’, ‘Energy Metabolism’, ‘Metabolism of Cofactors and Vitamins’ and ‘Environmental Adaptation’. Overall, the predicted functional analysis suggests that, although HMA and LMA associated bacterial communities shared core functional features, they use different strategies to defend against pathogens, obtain energy or cope with stress.
Constraints of solo female backpackers in Southeast Asia

ABSTRACT Backpacking is becoming a popular way to travel, and solo female backpackers are a particularly interesting group in this travel segment. This article focuses on solo female backpackers’ experiences of precedent and in situ sociocultural, practical, personal and spatial constraints (Wilson & Little, 2005) in Southeast Asia. The study is based on qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews with 37 solo female backpackers who have visited the region. Results show how solo female backpackers develop strategies to address the various constraints they encounter. These results are in line with other similar studies and have useful implications for destination managers.
Improving norms in research culture to incentivize transparency and rigor

Abstract Improving research culture to value transparency and rigor is necessary to engage in a productive “Credibility Revolution. ” The field of educational psychology is well positioned to act toward this goal. It will take specific actions by both grassroots groups plus leadership to set standards that will ensure that getting published, funded, or hired is determined by universally supported ideals. These improved standards must ensure that transparency, rigor, and credibility are valued above novelty, impact, and incredibility. Grassroots groups advocate for change and share experience so that the next generation of researchers have the experience needed to sustain these early moves. Each community can take inspiration from others that have made shifts toward better practices. These instances provide opportunities for emulating trail-blazers, training for new practices such as preregistration, and constructively evaluating or criticizing practice in ways that advances the reputation of all involved.
Crossing the border from candidate to supervisor: the need for appropriate development

ABSTRACT Postgraduate education has grown enormously worldwide, which has led to supervisors being expected to take on a supervisor's role immediately upon graduation. But crossing the border from being a doctoral candidate to becoming a doctoral supervisor entails significant shifts in identity and an understanding of postgraduate pedagogy and institutional expectations. This paper argues that supervision development opportunities are crucial, but they need to be contextualised and include critical key agents with some institutional authority if they are to be deemed worthwhile and effect change. An online survey completed by 186 participants from across institutional types and disciplines in South Africa is analysed using Archer's social realism to provide insights into how emerging supervisors are currently supported. The resultant recommendations on supervision development could contribute to more confident border crossing by emerging supervisors.
Implications of the open science era for educational psychology research syntheses

Abstract Extensive debate of potentially common, yet questionable research practices that lead to biased findings within social and health sciences has emerged over the last decade. These challenges likely apply to educational psychology, though the field has been slow to address them. This article discusses current research norms, strategic solutions proposed under the broad rubric of “open science,” and the implications of both for the way research syntheses in educational psychology are conducted and the quality of the information they produce. Strategies such as preregistration, transparent reporting, open materials and data, and registered reports stand to address significant threats to the validity of research syntheses. These include challenges associated with publication, dissemination, and selective reporting biases, comprehensive information retrieval, and opportunities to execute unique analytic approaches. A final issue is the development of parallel solutions that address biases in the decision making and practices of researchers conducting and evaluating research syntheses.
Navigating power in doctoral publishing: a data feminist approach

ABSTRACT The prevalence of publication pedagogy in doctoral education has created a hybrid space in which doctoral work is done. The emphasis on knowledge production is increasingly making doctoral students the subject of research performance and productivity measures, creating a borderland which they must cross in order to achieve academic success. Navigation requires critical engagement with power in knowledge production and assumptions about the neutrality of practices in doctoral publishing. To aid in this crossing the paper demonstrates the use of bibliometric techniques for mapping the social and political landscape, using 1216 publications by research masters and doctoral students at the University of Tasmania from 2007 to 2015. A data feminist approach is followed to critically examine power made visible by borderland maps, discuss issues of equity in knowledge production and to engage with bibliometric data.
Condensation sampler efficiency for the recovery and infectivity preservation of viral bioaerosols

Abstract A better description of airborne transmission routes of viruses that are responsible for nosocomial infections requires efficient and accurate sampling methods that allow the preservation of viral integrity and infectivity. The aim of this project was to compare the virus collection efficiency of traditional filter sampling using cassettes with water-based condensation sampling through laminar flow. Bacteriophages MS2, PhiX174, Phi6, and PR772 as well as an influenza virus were nebulized in an aerosol chamber. Bioaerosols were simultaneously collected on polycarbonate (PC) filters (0.8 μm pore diameter) loaded into 37-mm closed-face cassettes (CFCs) and with a condensation-based sampler (Spot Sampler™) which collected bioaerosols in a liquid buffer. Concentrations of bacteriophages and influenza were analyzed at two different sampling times (60 min and 4 h) both by culture (infectivity preservation) and qPCR (efficiency of recovery) to compare the performance of the two samplers. PhiX174 showed better recovery with the Spot Sampler™ for both sampling times and PR 772 showed better relative genome recovery with CFC sampling after 60 min. In addition, use of the Spot Sampler™ led to better preservation of infectivity for all the viruses including influenza, with the exception of phage MS2 after 4 h of sampling. In future work, the Spot Sampler™ could be tested in hospital environments to better understand airborne transmission routes of viruses, or in in-vitro setups to assess the efficiency of virucidal air treatment. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Holoplankton and meroplankton of three western Atlantic sedimentary basins

ABSTRACT Holoplankton and meroplankton were investigated in three different basins of the Brazilian Equatorial Margin, from January to May of 2015. The copepods Clausocalanus furcatus, Undinula vulgaris, Nannocalanus minor, Scolecithrix danae, and the larvacean Oikopleura longicauda were the most abundant and frequent organisms. Simultaneously, decapod and mollusk larvae, and larval fish, were the most abundant meroplankton. The decapod Anapagurus chiroacanthus was recorded in the western Atlantic for the first time. The highest richness and diversity occurred in the Foz do Amazonas Basin, while the Pará-Maranhão Basin had the highest abundance, associated with high levels of total organic carbon. There was a clear separation among the three basins in the occurrence of some species. Our study revealed significant variability in the holo- and meroplankton communities of the region. The significant differences in suspended solids explained the holo- and meroplankton distribution among basins, mainly in the sampling stations of the Foz do Amazonas Basin, which is related to the influence of the Amazon River plume in this region.
Priority Species Lists to Restore Desert Tortoise and Pollinator Habitats in Mojave Desert Shrublands

ABSTRACT Mojave Desert shrublands are home to unique plants and wildlife and are experiencing rapid habitat change due to unprecedented large-scale disturbances; yet, established practices to effectively restore disturbed landscapes are not well developed. A priority species list of native plant taxa was developed to guide seed collectors, commercial growers, resource managers, and restoration practitioners in support of the Bureau of Land Management's Mojave Desert Native Plant Program. We identify focal plant taxa that are important for habitats of the threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), a widely distributed herbivore in low and middle elevations, and pollinator taxa, including mostly Lepidopterans and Apoidean bees, some of whose populations are in decline. We identified 201 unique plant taxa in the diets of tortoises, and 49 taxa that provide thermal cover for tortoises with some overlapping taxa that provide both diet and cover. We discuss 134 native pollinators associated with plants used for nectaring, larval hosts, or cover and nesting materials. Detailed plant species accounts describing the status-of-knowledge for 57 plant taxonomic groups including detailed information on life history, ecology, and pollinator syndrome relevant to restoration success, methods of seed harvesting, propagation, and historical use in restoration. Our approach for developing a priority plant species list for the Mojave Desert provides a data-guided listing of species for restoration practitioners and identifies knowledge gaps for future investigation.
Effects of Prescribed Fire on Site Occupancy of Allegheny Woodrats (Neotoma magister) in a Mixed-Oak Forest in South-Central Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT Prescribed fire has increasingly been used to manage and restore eastern oak (Quercus spp.) forests. Fire has the potential to influence habitat use by forest-dwelling small mammals, including species of conservation concern such as the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister). Thus, an understanding of how Allegheny woodrats respond to habitat changes caused by fire is of increasing importance. We investigated the effects of prescribed fire on a population of Allegheny woodrats in a mixed-oak forest in south-central Pennsylvania. We surveyed 18 rock outcrops for Allegheny woodrats using remote game cameras in September–October 2019. We fit single-season occupancy models in Program PRESENCE to examine the effects of site covariates related to burn history (burned or unburned) and burn frequency (number of burns), topography, and vegetation structure and composition on occupancy (Ψ) of Allegheny woodrats while accounting for imperfect detection (p). In 252 camera trap-nights, we recorded 356 detections of Allegheny woodrats at 50% of sites surveyed. Top-ranked occupancy models (ΔAICc ≤ 2) indicated that Allegheny woodrat occupancy was positively related to burn frequency, overstory tree species richness, and elevation; however, the effects of these covariates were not significant. Our results suggest that low-intensity prescribed fire implemented at moderate (3–5 y) return intervals in oak forests is unlikely to impact Allegheny woodrat populations, but the effects of more frequent and intense fires remain unknown. Additional studies are needed to determine how Allegheny woodrats respond to post-fire vegetation regrowth and recovery over time.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus sp. Strain IGA-FME-2, Isolated from the Bulk Soil of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Northeast China

Here, we present the draft genome of Bacillus sp. strain IGA-FME-2. This strain was isolated from the bulk soil of soybean (Glycine max L.). Its genome consists of 3,810 protein-coding genes, 44 tRNAs, two 16S rRNAs, and a single copy of 23S rRNA, with a GC content of 46.4%. ABSTRACT Here, we present the draft genome of Bacillus sp. strain IGA-FME-2. This strain was isolated from the bulk soil of soybean (Glycine max L.). Its genome consists of 3,810 protein-coding genes, 44 tRNAs, two 16S rRNAs, and a single copy of 23S rRNA, with a GC content of 46.4%.
Whole-Genome Sequencing and De Novo Assembly of 61 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates from Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Pyoderma

We have de novo assembled and polished 61 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius genome sequences with Nanopore-only long reads. Completeness was 99.25%. The average genome size was 2.70 Mbp, comprising 2,506 coding sequences, 19 complete rRNAs, 56 to 59 tRNAs, and 4 noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), as well as CRISPR arrays. ABSTRACT We have de novo assembled and polished 61 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius genome sequences with Nanopore-only long reads. Completeness was 99.25%. The average genome size was 2.70 Mbp, comprising 2,506 coding sequences, 19 complete rRNAs, 56 to 59 tRNAs, and 4 noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), as well as CRISPR arrays.
Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Dampen Americans’ Tipping for Food Services? Insights From Two Studies

The recent COVID-19 pandemic raises questions about consumer willingness to give tips during such times of hardship. Analyses of a Texas pizza delivery driver’s tip records and of nationwide Square payment data for quick- and full-service restaurants explored this issue by comparing tips during the pandemic with those before it. These data suggest that the pandemic increased the average tip-per-order given to a pizza delivery driver as well as the average tip percentage given for many transactions at quick- and full-service restaurants. They also suggest that the pandemic decreased the average tip percentage for face-to-face transactions at full-service restaurants but only by a modest 1 to 2 percentage points. The findings suggest that the tipping model remains a viable means of employee compensation even during periods of public health and economic crises if the nature of the services provided does not change substantially.
Dealing with Misselling: Impact of Behavioural Interventions on Insurance Agents

This case study is about misselling of insurance policies and associated ethical challenges in a leading insurance company. Pro-organisational ethical violations mostly remain unnoticed and are often protected by implausible explanations. In the long run, persistent rationalisation makes malpractices a norm. The present work describes the interventions applied by a consulting firm to bring behavioural integrity. The consulting firm found that socialisation, rationalisation and institutionalisation considerably influenced people’s behaviour at the workplace and normalised unethical behaviour of insurance agents. It architected the behaviour of salespeople by specifically designed interventions through self-control mechanism and nudges. These interventions developed integrity in employees and reduced the number of cautions, warnings and terminations.
Two-dimensional distribution measurement of in-plane velocity component using bias-frequency spatial encoding

Abstract. We propose a differential laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) for two-dimensional (2D) distribution measurements of the in-plane velocity component based on bias-frequency spatial encoding. Using two crossing beam arrays, the structure can effectively assign bias frequencies to the measurement points over a 2D area. As a feasibility study of the proposed method, velocity distribution measurements were conducted using a 4 × 4-channel optical setup. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method could successfully measure the 2D distribution of the in-plane velocity component.
Deep learning for anisoplanatic optical turbulence mitigation in long-range imaging

Abstract. We present a deep learning approach for restoring images degraded by atmospheric optical turbulence. We consider the case of terrestrial imaging over long ranges with a wide field-of-view. This produces an anisoplanatic imaging scenario where turbulence warping and blurring vary spatially across the image. The proposed turbulence mitigation (TM) method assumes that a sequence of short-exposure images is acquired. A block matching (BM) registration algorithm is applied to the observed frames for dewarping, and the resulting images are averaged. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is then employed to perform spatially adaptive restoration. We refer to the proposed TM algorithm as the block matching and CNN (BM-CNN) method. Training the CNN is accomplished using simulated data from a fast turbulence simulation tool capable of producing a large amount of degraded imagery from declared truth images rapidly. Testing is done using independent data simulated with a different well-validated numerical wave-propagation simulator. Our proposed BM-CNN TM method is evaluated in a number of experiments using quantitative metrics. The quantitative analysis is made possible by virtue of having truth imagery from the simulations. A number of restored images are provided for subjective evaluation. We demonstrate that the BM-CNN TM method outperforms the benchmark methods in the scenarios tested.
All-optical multi-wavelength regenerator based on four-wave mixing

Abstract. We demonstrate a method for all-optical multi-wavelength regeneration based on four-wave mixing. Three wavelength division multiplexed signals, each having a data rate of 10 Gbps and a fixed wavelength spacing of 1 nm, are modulated with a sinusoidal signal of 25 GHz. The resultant sidebands of the modulated signal are filtered at a variable wavelength spacing and combined with a pump signal. The combined signal is passed through a highly non-linear fiber to generate multiple carriers at different wavelengths through four-wave mixing. Filtering the data modulated carriers obtained at the output of the highly non-linear fiber results in signals having lesser noise contribution. Two different optical signal-to-noise ratios (OSNRs) of 16.5 and 19 dB at the input of the regenerator are considered to evaluate the system performance. In both cases, a significant improvement in the bit error rate (BER) of the signals is observed. Simulation results show an average improvement of 2.537 and 1.335 dB in received optical power at BER of 10 − 9 in case of 16.5 and 19 dB OSNRs, respectively.
The True or the Idealized Self: How CEOs Build Their Personal Brands?

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to empirically present the process of personal branding of CEOs. Building on the theoretical model proposed by Wojtaszczyk and Maszewski (2014), the study illustrates how CEOs build their personal brands. Methodology: The study is based on twelve semi-structured interviews with the CEOs of Poland’s strongest brands. Results were coded and analyzed with the use of MAXQDA software. Results: The research allowed us to understand the process of creating a personal brand by CEOs. Moreover, interviews revealed that the personal brand reflects the true self of CEOs. However, it is also adjusted to the target audience; consequently, CEOs show diverse identities to the outside world. Implications: Through the empirical investigation of the branding process, the findings fill a certain research gap. Insights gained in the process may prove useful for practitioners. Originality/value: The article explores the subject of the personal brand, which continues to be the focus of many researchers, particularly in the CEE region. This research gave voice to CEOs, who explained how they build their personal brand and shared detailed information whose scope greatly exceeds what they present in the media.
Mediating Effect of Work Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Psychosocial Safety Climate and Workplace Safety Behaviors Among Bank Employees After Covid-19 Lockdown

Abstract Purpose: Studies find that psychosocial safety climate is positively associated with workplace safety behaviors. However, the mechanism through which psychosocial safety climate exerts its effect needs further investigation. Therefore, this study investigated the indirect effect of work self-efficacy in the relationship between psychosocial safety climate and workplace safety behaviors. Methodology: Participants, who were 155 bank workers (F=66.5%; mean age= 33.9, SD=6.4), responded to an online survey of workplace safety behavior scale (WSBS), psychosocial safety climate scale (PSC-12), and work self-efficacy scale (WSES). Results: Results from correlational analyses revealed that psychosocial safety climate positively related to workplace safety behaviors. Moreover, work self-efficacy positively correlated to workplace safety behaviors. The mediation analysis using Hayes Process Macros indicated an indirect effect of work self-efficacy in the relationship between psychosocial safety climate and workplace safety behaviors. Creating a psychosocially safe climate may enhance bank workers’ safety behaviors in the period after the Covid-19 pandemic.