Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception Towards Significance Of Holy Places And Revisiting Intention Of Religious Tourists In Himachal Pradesh

Religious tourists are making visit to temples and holy places for worships and doing meditation and performing religious functions and also they understand features and specialty of those places, attracting by various attributes and enjoying different atmospheres particularly in holy places. The results show that the religious tourists are agreed with holy places are providing divine feeling, giving good cultural experience, offering mental freshness, giving peacefulness and happiness, well connected with transport facilities and giving spiritual experience. Significant difference amid perception of religious tourists towards attributes of holy places and their demographics. Perception towards attributes of holy places is positively, significantly and highly related with their revisiting intention. Thus, holy places should give adequate information and they must offer emotional refreshment. Holy places should provide adequate security and they must give best accommodation to religious tourists.
Trade flows between the West African Economic and Monetary Union’s members so little: does exports structure matter ?

Regional trade agreements (RTAs) into a Regional Economic Community (REC) are among strategies to increase trade flows between members whatever their level of development (Amr, 2013). This idea refers to the trade creation effect led by the reduction of tariffs on trade between countries (Viner, 1950; Hasson, 1962). Since its establishment in 1994, trade flows between the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) members remain very low. Exports within members stagnate on average around 14% of total exports from 1996 to 2013. While in the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) exports between members record respectively over 60% and 49% on the same period (UNCTAD, 2016).
Bioinformatics Investigation and Contribution of Other Chromosomes Besides Chromosome 21 in the Risk of Down Syndrome Development

Introduction: Down syndrome as a genetic disorder is a popular research topic in molecular studies. One way to study Down syndrome is via bioinformatics. Methods: In this study, a gene expression profile from a microarray study was selected for more investigation. Results: The study of Down syndrome patients shows specific genes with differential expression and network centrality properties. These genes are introduced as RHOA, FGF2, FYN, and CD44, and their level of expression is high in these patients. Conclusion: This study suggests that besides chromosomes 21, there are additional contributing chromosomes to the risk of Down syndrome development. Besides, these genes could be used for clinical studies after more analysis.
Growth and Mechanism of MoS2 Nanoflowers with Ultrathin Nanosheets

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with few layers, due to their excellent optical and electrical properties, has great potential for applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, flower-like MoS2 nanostructures with ultrathin nanosheets (petals) were successfully deposited onto silicon substrates by a facile process based on chemical vapor deposition via using MoO3 and S powders as starting materials. Their composition and structure were explored by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. The reported nanoflowers vertically and separately stood on the substrates, consisting of several bonded MoS2 nanosheets with a thickness of 10–30 nm and high crystallinity. On the basis of these results, a growth mechanism for the MoS2 nanoflowers was proposed.
In-vivo Pharmacokinetic Study of Matrix Tablets of Atenolol Prepared by Sintering Technique

Original Research Article The present study involved in-vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of sintered matrix tablets of Atenolol in comparison to Atenolol pure drug and unsintered matrix tablets of Atenolol. The objective of the present investigation was to study the effect of sintering technique in development of controlled release dosage form. The Atenolol pure drug solution, both formulated unsintered and sintered controlled release matrix tablets of Atenolol were tested for in-vivo pharmacokinetic study in healthy male New Zealand rabbits (n=3). The plasma concentrations of Atenolol drug were determined by a validated HPLC method. From the time versus plasma drug concentration data, various pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Tmax, AUC, KE and t1/2) were estimated. Tmax for pure drug, unsintered and sintered tablets was found to be 2h, 3hr and 4h with Cmax values of 751.00 ± 10.53 ng/ml, 639.33± 10.40 ng/ml and 518.00 ± 8.54 ng/ml respectively. Increase of Tmax values in sintered tablets as compared to the of pure drug and unsintered tablets suggested slow absorption of drug from the formulated sintered tablets and the availability of drug at a controlled manner. An increase of the elimination halflife (T1/2) and decrease in elimination rate constant (KE) of drug in sintered matrix tablet in comparison to the that of unsintered tablets and pure drug was also observed, indicating the prolonged and controlled systemic availability of drug in biological system. The investigated sintered matrix tablets exhibited a remarkable increase in bioavailability due to prolonged plasma residence and could maintain constant plasma level of atenolol up to 24 hr in rabbits.
Use of a three-compartment model to evaluate the dynamics of cover crop residues

ABSTRACT Cover crop (CC) residues protect the soil from erosion and their permanence on the surface is largely influenced by their biochemical constituents. In this study, the dynamics of CC residue decomposition by applying mathematical models was described. The kinetics of decomposition of residues was obtained from a laboratory incubation experiment. Three CC shoot residues were applied on the soil surface and incubated for 362 days (with eight sampling times). Oats and vetch residues decomposed the most than clover, where k values were 3.6 × 10−3, 3.7 × 10−3 and 5.3 × 10−3 day−1, respectively. The three-compartment model (nonstructural carbohydrates, cellulose–hemicellulose and lignin) to simulate residue decomposition presented a close fit between simulated and measured data. The decomposition rate constant (k) of CC can be used to estimate how long residues will remain in the field and how they could affect soil organic carbon.
S0033291717003713jra 2223..2234

Background. Fear responses are particularly intense and persistent in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and can be evoked by unspecific cues that resemble the original traumatic event. Overgeneralisation of fear might be one of the underlying mechanisms. We investigated the generalisation and discrimination of fear in individuals with and without PTSD related to prolonged childhood maltreatment. Methods. Sixty trauma-exposed women with (N = 30) and without (N = 30) PTSD and 30 healthy control participants (HC) underwent a fear conditioning and generalisation paradigm. In a contingency learning procedure, one of two circles of different sizes was associated with an electrical shock (danger cue), while the other circle represented a safety cue. During generalisation testing, online risk ratings, reaction times and fear-potentiated startle were measured in response to safety and danger cues as well as to eight generalisation stimuli, i.e. circles of parametrically varying size creating a continuum of similarity between the danger and safety cue. Results. The increase in reaction times from the safety cue across the different generalisation classes to the danger cue was less pronounced in PTSD compared with HC. Moreover, PTSD participants expected higher risk of an aversive event independent of stimulus types and task. Conclusions. Alterations in generalisation constitute one part of fear memory alterations in PTSD. Neither the accuracy of a risk judgement nor the strength of the induced fear was affected. Instead, processing times as an index of uncertainty during risk judgements suggested a reduced differentiation between safety and threat in PTSD.
PNS1300123 352..361

Manfred Beckmann, Amanda J. Lloyd, Sumanto Haldar, Gaëlle Favé, Chris J. Seal, Kirsten Brandt, John C. Mathers and John Draper* Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
PNS1300382 218..225

Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for many chronic diseases and contributes to obesity and poor mental well-being. The present paper describes the main advantages and disadvantages, practical problems, suggested uses, and future developments regarding self-reported and objective data collection in the context of dietary surveys. In dietary surveys, physical activity is measured primarily to estimate energy expenditure. Energy expenditure surveillance is important for tracking changes over time, particularly given the debates over the role of the relative importance of energy intake and expenditure changes in the aetiology of obesity. It is also important to assess the extent of underreporting of dietary intake in these surveys. Physical activity data collected should include details on the frequency, duration and relative intensity of activity for each activity type that contributes considerably to overall activity and energy expenditure. Problems of validity and reliability, associated with inaccurate assessment, recall bias, and social desirability bias, are well-known; children under 10 years cannot report their activities accurately. However, despite such limitations, questionnaires are still the dominant method of physical activity assessment in dietary surveys due to their low cost and relatively low participant burden. Objective, time-stamped measures that monitor heart rate and/or movement can provide more comprehensive, quantitative assessment of physical activity but at greater cost and participant burden. Although overcoming many limitations of questionnaires, objective measures also have drawbacks, including technical, practical and interpretational issues.
Evolution of the galaxy correlation function at redshifts 0.2 < z < 3

Abstract We determine the auto-correlation function (ACF) of galaxies using massive deep galaxy surveys for which distances to individual objects are assessed using photometric redshifts. The method is applied to the 2deg COSMOS survey of ~ 300000 galaxies with i + < 25 and z ph ≲ 3. The distance estimates based on photometric redshifts are not sufficiently accurate to be directly used to determine the ACF. Nevertheless, the photometric redshifts carry statistical information on the data distribution on (very) large scales. The investigation of the surface distribution of galaxies in several redshift (=distance) bins allows us to determine the spatial (3D) ACF over the redshift range of 0.2 - 3.2 or look back time of 2.4 - 11.5 Gy.
PNS1300378 73..79

This review considers evidence for a protective effect of PUFA on chronic disease. Estimates of PUFA intakes in prospective cohort studies are usually based on FFQ or biomarkers of intake. Cohort studies suggest that both linoleic and linolenic acid intake are associated with a lower risk of CHD. The intake of fish, the major source of long-chain n-3 PUFA is associated with a lower risk of both stroke and CHD, particularly sudden cardiac death. No relationship with common sites of cancer (breast and colon) and PUFA has been found. However, some recent studies suggest an association of high intakes of n-3 PUFA with risk of prostate cancer. An updated Cochrane review of dietary fat modification (replacing SFA with PUFA) randomised controlled trials to prevent CHD found a 14% lower incidence and a non-significant 7 % lower mortality from CHD. The effects of an increased intake of n-3 PUFA on CHD incidence mortality have been tested in patients with pre-existing CHD in randomised controlled trials. Meta-analysis of these trials showed no overall benefit on total mortality or CVD incidence but a trend for lower risk of cardiac death was 0·91 (95 % CI 0·85, 0·98). At present, there is little evidence from other trials demonstrating the clear benefits or harm from increased intakes of PUFA. In conclusion, present evidence intakes benefit from partial replacement of SFA with a balanced mixture of n-6 and n-3 PUFA which may contribute to CVD prevention.
S0033291718000156jra 2541..2549

Background. Previous work has shown that amygdala responsiveness to fearful expressions is inversely related to level of callous-unemotional (CU) traits (i.e. reduced guilt and empathy) in youth with conduct problems. However, some research has suggested that the relationship between pathophysiology and CU traits may be different in those youth with significant prior trauma exposure. Methods. In experiment 1, 72 youth with varying levels of disruptive behavior and trauma exposure performed a gender discrimination task while viewing morphed fear expressions (0, 50, 100, 150 fear) and Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent responses were recorded. In experiment 2, 66 of these youth performed the Social Goals Task, which measures self-reports of the importance of specific social goals to the participant in provoking social situations. Results. In experiment 1, a significant CU traits-by-trauma exposure interaction was observed within right amygdala; fear intensity-modulated amygdala responses negatively predicted CU traits for those youth with low levels of trauma but positively predicted CU traits for those with high levels of trauma. In experiment 2, a bootstrapped model revealed that the indirect effect of fear intensity amygdala response on social goal importance through CU traits is moderated by prior trauma exposure. Conclusions. This study, while exploratory, indicates that the pathophysiology associated with CU traits differs in youth as a function of prior trauma exposure. These data suggest that prior trauma exposure should be considered when evaluating potential interventions for youth with high CU traits.
PNS1200080 511..520

The brain governs food intake behaviour by integrating many different internal and external state and trait-related signals. Understanding how the decisions to start and to stop eating are made is crucial to our understanding of (maladaptive patterns of) eating behaviour. Here, we aim to (1) review the current state of the field of ‘nutritional neuroscience’ with a focus on the interplay between food-induced brain responses and eating behaviour and (2) highlight research needs and techniques that could be used to address these. The brain responses associated with sensory stimulation (sight, olfaction and taste), gastric distension, gut hormone administration and food consumption are the subject of increasing investigation. Nevertheless, only few studies have examined relations between brain responses and eating behaviour. However, the neural circuits underlying eating behaviour are to a large extent generic, including reward, selfcontrol, learning and decision-making circuitry. These limbic and prefrontal circuits interact with the hypothalamus, a key homeostatic area. Target areas for further elucidating the regulation of food intake are: (eating) habit and food preference formation and modification, the neural correlates of self-control, nutrient sensing and dietary learning, and the regulation of body adiposity. Moreover, to foster significant progress, data from multiple studies need to be integrated. This requires standardisation of (neuroimaging) measures, data sharing and the application and development of existing advanced analysis and modelling techniques to nutritional neuroscience data. In the next 20 years, nutritional neuroscience will have to prove its potential for providing insights that can be used to tackle detrimental eating behaviour.
S1742170518000170jra 26..37

A sustainable practice for weed control and crop protection is the incorporation of green manures with phytotoxic potential. It is gaining attention as a way to reduce the use of synthetic herbicides in agriculture and so pot experiments and field trials were conducted to explore the possible use of residues of Acacia species to alleviate weed emergence. We assessed, under greenhouse conditions, the herbicidal effect of phytotoxic manures from Acacia dealbata and Acacia longifolia applied to soil at different doses (1.5 and 3% w/w) on maize growth, some accompanying weeds, and the physiological profile of soil microbes. Applied at a higher dose, A. dealbata residues reduced the emergence of dicotyledons in the short-term (P < 0.05) and, after 30 days, there was a decrease in total weed emergence (P < 0.005) and a mild effect on weed composition, while total weed biomass remained unaffected. Regardless of the inclusion of Acacia residues, the physiological profile of the soil bacterial community did not show significant alterations. Additionally, we tested A. dealbata residues as a mulch or a green manure at the field scale. Although the effects of manures were site-dependent and affected monocot and dicot weeds differentially, dicots were more sensitive. The herbicide potential of acacia residues was only evident for dicots at sites with low-weed density in the seed bank. Nevertheless, due to the absence of phytotoxic effects on maize and minor modifications in the functional profile of bacterial communities, residues of acacia could be used as a complementary tool used together with other practices to reduce the reliance on synthetic herbicides in maize-based cropping systems.
S1742170517000758jra 415..429

Are strong local food systems better for the environment than conventional food systems where relatively close proximity between points of production and consumption is not a defining characteristic? Despite growing support for efforts to strengthen local food systems, surprisingly little is known about the relationship of local food to environmental sustainability. In particular, the relationship of local food systems to the use of agricultural chemicals to manage pests, weeds and disease has not been a subject of systematic research. In this paper, I use longitudinal data from the US Census of Agriculture to explore whether growth in local food systems is associated with decreased on-farm use of agricultural chemicals. Drawing on county-level data from 1997 to 2012, I find that an increase in the strength of local food systems—whether measured as the number of farms that market products directly to consumers, or as the total value of direct market products—has been broadly associated with a decrease in spending on agricultural chemicals in the USA as a whole. But the magnitude of the relationship between direct marketing to consumers and changes in agricultural chemical use has dwindled over time, to the point where it is not clear whether contemporary local food systems are still incentivizing farmers to reduce their use of pesticides. Overall, this study lends new credence to the idea that robust local food systems can benefit the environment. But even where just one dimension of agriculture’s impact on the environment is concerned, the characteristics of local food systems appear to have varied over time—a qualification that argues strongly for further research into the relationship of local food to agricultural practice.
Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections and incidence of the B.1.427/B.1.429 variant among healthcare personnel at a northern California academic medical center

Background: Distribution of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to healthcare personnel (HCP) in the United States began in December 2020, with efficacy > 90%. However, breakthrough infections in fully vaccinated individuals have been reported. Meanwhile, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern have emerged worldwide, including the B.1. 427/B.1. 429 variant first described in California. Little is known about the real-world effectiveness of the mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against novel variants including B.1. 427/B.1. 429. Methods: In this quality improvement project, post-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 cases (PVSCs) were defined as individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test after receiving at least one dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Chart extraction of demographic and clinical information was performed, and available specimens meeting cycle threshold value criteria were tested for L452R, N501Y and E484K mutations by RT-PCR. Results: From December 2020 to March 2021, 184 PVSCs were identified out of 22,729 healthcare personnel who received at least one dose of an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Of these, 114 (62.0%) occurred within 14 days of first vaccine dose (early post-vaccination), 49 (26.6%) within 14 days of the second vaccine dose (partially vaccinated), and 21 (11.4%) >14 days after the second dose (fully vaccinated). Of 112 samples available for mutation testing, 40 were positive for L452R alone, presumptive of B.1. 427/B.1. 429; two had N501Y mutation alone and none were found with E484K mutation. Though on univariate analysis partially- and fully-vaccinated PVSCs were more likely than early post-vaccination PVSCs to be infected with presumptive B.1. 427/B.1. 429, when adjusted for community prevalence of B.1. 427/B.1. 429 at the time of infection, partially- and fully-vaccinated PVSC did not have statistically significantly elevated risk ratios for infection with this variant (RR 1.39, 95% CI 0.80-2.40 and RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.47-1.95, respectively). Conclusions: Of 184 PVSCs, as expected, the great majority occurred prior to the expected onset of full, vaccine-derived immunity. Although presumptive B.1. 427/B.1. 429 did not represent a significantly higher proportion of late PVSCs than would be expected based on rising community prevalence over the study period, numbers of PVSCs were small. Continued infection control measures in the workplace and in the community including social distancing and masking, particularly in the early days post-vaccination, as well as continued variant surveillance in PVSCs, is imperative in order to anticipate and control future surges of infection.
Clinical and functional characteristics of youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis who do not transition to psychosis

Background. Much of the interest in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis has been in understanding conversion. Recent literature has suggested that less than 25% of those who meet established criteria for being at CHR of psychosis go on to develop a psychotic illness. However, little is known about the outcome of those who do not make the transition to psychosis. The aim of this paper was to examine clinical symptoms and functioning in the second North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2) of those individuals whose by the end of 2 years in the study had not developed psychosis. CHR
MAXI observations of long-term X-ray activities in SFXTs

Abstract Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXTs) are of great interest not only because of their peculiar properties but also as possible progenitors of gravitational-wave objects. The all-sky X-ray monitor MAXI/GSC has detected short flares on timescales of hours and long flares on timescales of days from SFXTs. Using nine-years of MAXI/GSC data, I attempted to search periodicity of eight SFXTs of which the one-day average fluxes were below the detection limit (∼ 10 mCrab), and confirmed the orbital periods of IGR J18483–0311 and IGR J17544–2619. This demonstrates that MAXI data are useful to find periodicities of sources even if the sources are undetectable in one day.