Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Indicators in Development Cooperation: An Overview Study with a Special Focus on the Use of Key and Standard Indicators

With more and more emphasis being placed on results and the clamour for transparency and accountability growing ever more vocal, indicators are becoming increasingly important in development cooperation. By measuring changes and providing contextual information, they help to plan and implement development interventions or strategies, to monitor and evaluate, and also to report on development results. However, indicators are not always easy to use. The fact is that they come with many limitations and potential adverse effects. These challenges and risks differ among the three organisational levels suited to results-based management and reporting systems: agency, country and programme or project level.Against this background, this study analyses the use of indicators at the three organisational levels and makes recommendations on how they can best be used and how the associated risks can be mitigated. Special emphasis is placed on agency-level performance measurement systems, since evidence on them is scarce. With the aid of a literature review and a number of semi-structured interviews, the study compares the experiences of twelve selected donor agencies with key and standard indicators for reporting development results at agency level.
Meroterpenoid-Rich Ethanoic Extract of Sargassum macrocarpum Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice

Colitis is a colon mucosal disorder characterized by intestinal damage and inflammation. This current study aimed to evaluate the effect of meroterpenoid-rich ethanoic extract of a brown algae, Sargassum macrocarpum (MES) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and explore the possible mechanisms. Mice were given 4% DSS in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis, followed by 3 days of regular water. MES (12 mg/kg body weight) or celecoxib (10 mg/kg body weight) was administrated orally to mice on a daily basis during these 10 days. Both MES and celecoxib supplementations significantly attenuated DSS-induced weight loss, shortening of colon length, elevated myeloperoxidase activity as well as histomorphological changes of colon. MES and celecoxib reduced the inflammation level of colon tissue, as indicated by its suppression on a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ, and a group of inflammatory proteins, including intracellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular adhesion molecule 1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and inducible nitric oxidase. In addition, their administration down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. Moreover, the supplementation of MES suppressed the DSS-induced hyperactivation of Akt, JNK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MES ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice, suggesting that MES may have therapeutic implications for the treatment of colitis.
Wavelet Transform and Convolutional Neural Network Based Techniques in Combating Sudden Cardiac Death

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a global threat that demands our attention and research. Statistics show that 50% of cardiac deaths are sudden cardiac death. Therefore, early cardiac arrhythmia detection may lead to timely and proper treatment, saving lives. We proposed a less complex, fast, and more efficient algorithm that quickly and accurately detects heart abnormalities. Firstly, we carefully examined 23 ECG signals of the patients who died from SCD to detect their arrhythmias. Then, we trained a deep learning model to auto-detect and distinguish the most lethal arrhythmias in SCD: Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) and Ventricular Fibrillation (VF), from Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR). Our work combined two techniques: Wavelet Transform (WT) and pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). WT was used to convert an ECG signal into scalogram and CNN for features extraction and arrhythmias classification. When examined in the MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm, MIT-BIH Malignant Ventricular Ectopy, and Creighton University Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia databases, the proposed methodology obtained an accuracy of 98.7% and an F-score of 0.9867, despite being less expensive and simple to execute.
Software Implementation of AES-128: Cross-Subkey Side Channel Attack

The majority of recently demonstrated Deep-Learning Side-Channel Attacks (DLSCAs) use neural networks trained on a segment of traces containing operations only related to the target subkey. However, when the number of training traces is restricted such as in the ASCAD database, deep-learning models always suffer from overfitting since the insufficient training data. One data-level solution is called data augmentation, which is to use the additional synthetically modified traces to act as a regularizer to provide a better generalization capacity for deep-learning models. In this paper, we propose a cross-subkey training approach which acts as a trace augmentation. We train deep-learning models not only on a segment of traces containing the SBox operation of the target subkey of AES-128, but also on segments for other 15 subkeys. We show that training a network model by combining different subkeys outperforms a traditional network model trained with a single sub-key, and prove the conclusion on two well-known datasets.
Thrombolysis with Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Tpa) Alone has been A Longstanding Mistake

Current thrombolytic therapy consists of high dose tPA administered iv for 60-90 minutes. This treatment has had only limited success in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [1-3], and consequently has more recently been replaced by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as the treatment of choice in AMI [4]. Although PCI is time-consuming and delays coronary reperfusion, better clinical outcomes than with tPA were nevertheless obtained [5]. In the treatment of ischemic stroke, a tPA dose reduction was required due to a 20% intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) incidence when the AMI dose was used [6]. Dose reduction diminished the thrombolytic efficacy and resulted in a reperfusion rate of only about 30% [7], and a 7% incidence of symptomatic ICH remained [8]. As in AMI, PCI is now being used increasingly in stroke JTT [9-11]. Historically, the use tPA for thrombolysis was based on the belief that tPA was responsible for intravascular fibrinolysis, whereas the other natural plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), was responsible for extravascular fibrinolysis where its effect is mediated by its uPA receptor, UPAR. Although this belief is rarely questioned, it is belied by a number of findings such as those from gene knockout animal studies. These showed that knocking out the uPA gene, but not the tPA gene, impairs lysis of a venous thrombus. The tPA gene knockout had little effect on thrombus resolution [12]. Similarly, a uPA but not a tPA knockout resulted in spontaneous fibrin formation, and uPA mediated fibrinolysis was not impaired by deletion of the UPAR gene [13], contrary to what had been believed.
Geographically and temporally weighted principal component analysis: a new approach for exploring air pollution non-stationarity in China, 2015–2019

ABSTRACT In spatiotemporal applications, geographically weighted principal component analysis (GWPCA) is commonly adopted to describe spatial heterogeneity. However, time effects are ignored in GWPCA. In this study, the temporal effect was incorporated into GWPCA . Thus, an extended model, geographically and temporally weighted principal component analysis (GTWPCA), was developed to simultaneously explore spatial and temporal non-stationarity. The GTWPCA was implemented using a case study of air pollution in China. The results mainly show that GTWPC1 (the local component one in GTWPCA) corresponds to a ‘winning group’ with constantly varying ‘winning’ variables adapted to the spatiotemporal non-stationary characteristics of air pollution in China.
Crystal structure and initial characterization of a novel archaeal-like Holliday junction-resolving enzyme from Thermus thermophilus phage Tth15-6

The first structure of a novel archaeal-like Holliday junction-resolving enzyme originating from a thermophilic phage was determined and its function in cleaving X-shaped dsDNA was demonstrated. Furthermore, a novel signature motif for Holliday junction-resolving enzymes originating from thermophilic bacteriophages is proposed.
Comparative Study on the Determination of Creep Properties by Using Different Types of Small Specimens

The application of small specimen creep test techniques in determination of creep properties of materials in-service has been increasing. There exists a number of small specimen creep testing techniques, such as sub-size uniaxial specimen, small punch specimen, shear punch specimen, impression specimen, three-point bending specimen, cantilever beam specimen, beam specimen with fixed constraint, circular ring specimen and tow-bar specimen. The diversity in specimen types and dimensions will affect the evaluation of creep properties. It is hence necessary to make a comparison among different small specimen creep tests. A comprehensive review has been made on the effect of the specimen dimension, stress state, conversion equation, creep properties, strain sensitivity and other influence factors. The results show that different small specimens result in different creep curves. Influenced by many factors, the small punch specimen has a very complicated data interpretation. With a large equivalent gauge length, the cantilever beam and circular ring specimens can obtain rather accurate creep data. Large deformation effect exists for the three-point bending, cantilever beam and circular ring specimens, which can be controlled by the critical load approach. Because of the low frictional sensitivity, the beam specimen with fixed constraint can obtain creep rupture data of high accuracy. A code of practice is then recommended for selecting a proper small specimen to evaluate the creep properties for in-service components.
Classification of Beef by Using Artificial Intelligence

This paper aims to develop an application that classifies the quality of beef via Artificial Intelligence technology, which has experienced rapid technological growth in recent years. The application will allow users to obtain information including, but not limited to, cuts of beef, freshness, and marbling of the beef they are about to purchase. Deep learning image classification was used to classify the cuts of beef, and OpenCV technology was used to determine the freshness and marbling of the beef. The application was developed in a client-server system for real-time action. The mobile phone of the user (the client) will take a photo of the beef and send it to the server, and the server will analyze the received image to identify and determine the cuts of beef, freshness, and marbling of the beef. The results will then be sent back to the client from the server. Artificial Intelligence technology is used to develop applications with these functions. Image classification technology is used for the classification function of beef parts, and OpenCV's clustering technology is used to determine the freshness and marbling grade of beef. Also, Flask web server is used to apply the client-server structure. The developed system worked well for tenderloin, sirloin, and ribs. It provided high confidence over 75% for these cuts. However, it worked poor for other beef cuts. This is simply a learning problem for image classifiers.
Emotional and Entrepreneurial Didactics for Sustainable Design Educations

Students at Higher Educations face a world in need of help to create sustainable solutions for complex systems. But still, European design-graduates finish their studies with a narrow concentration in design skills and lack competencies in order to cope with the complex reality, as well as students lack attachment to the teaching in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). In order to change this, educators need to acknowledge the students' personal, motivational and emotional elements before de-signing the courses. This article is based on two new discourses in both entrepreneurial and design didactic research – and how they could be connected. The first is “emotional learning” and “emotional design” – regarding how emotions impact the student’s learning process’ in Educations for Sustainable Development (ESD). Emotions affect the student's learning process and their health and well-being (Pekrun, 2014, p. 28). The other discourse is how the use of value-driven emotional entrepreneurial didactics, based on the connection between emotionally influencing actions/events and the development of entrepreneurial competencies, can present a new emotionally based understanding of the value of altruistic (sustainable) outcomes within entrepreneurial educations (Lackeus, 2020). This paper presents, using one of the experimental methods - comparative - of Research through Design, two emotional tools: “Design for Change - Yggdrasill” from VIA Design, Denmark and “Emotional Analogous Data” from ELISAVA, Barcelona. The first results indicate a need for emotional education, which has an impact on ESD and their development as professionals. For these reasons, both emotional tools presented above can contribute to empowering students and teachers to improve Sustainable Design Educations.
Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation of a 48-Year Male with Buccal Mucosa Carcinoma of Squamous Cell: A Case Report

Buccal mucosa carcinoma of squamous cell is an uncommon kind of oral cavity cancer that is known to be dangerous. It's also linked to a high probability of local regional recurrence, and it's more likely in persons who chew tobacco and/or smoke, whether or not they drink alcohol. A 48-year patient is an elderly man who works as a farmer, mesomorphic built with right-hand dominance came to the tertiary care hospital with complaints of painful ulcers in upper left Jaw's front portion, which was relatively small initially and further increases to 6 x 4 cm approx., since last 4 months. Patient was complaining of pain, difficulty in mastication and manipulations etc. He has history of kharra chewing and tobacco chewing since last 10 years. With these complaints patient has come to the oral surgery department with buccal mucosa skin involvement and underwent surgery as compartmental resection of lesion, Modified Radical neck dissection and segmental mandibulectomy. Following surgical procedure patient has complaints of discomfort, limitation of movements at the operated site, chest pain, and limited mouth opening. For these complaints, programmed physiotherapy treatment was given to the patient which mainly concentrates on mouth opening and increasing range of motion of affected side.
The Impact of Background-Level Carboxylated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs−COOH) on Induced Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans and Human Cells

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are widely utilized for industrial, biomedical, and environmental purposes. The toxicity of Carboxylated SWCNTs (SWCNTs−COOH) in in vivo models, particularly Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), and in vitro human cells is still unclear. In this study, C. elegans was used to study the effects of SWCNTs−COOH on lethality, lifespan, growth, reproduction, locomotion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the antioxidant system. Our data show that exposure to ≥1 μg·L−1 SWCNTs−COOH could induce toxicity in nematodes that affects lifespan, growth, reproduction, and locomotion behavior. Moreover, the exposure of nematodes to SWCNTs−COOH induced ROS generation and the alteration of antioxidant gene expression. SWCNTs−COOH induced nanotoxic effects at low dose of 0.100 or 1.00 μg·L−1, particularly for the expression of antioxidants (SOD-3, CTL-2 and CYP-35A2). Similar nanotoxic effects were found in human cells. A low dose of SWCNTs−COOH induced ROS generation and increased the expression of catalase, MnSOD, CuZnSOD, and SOD-2 mRNA but decreased the expression of GPX-2 and GPX-3 mRNA in human monocytes. These findings reveal that background-level SWCNTs−COOH exerts obvious adverse effects, and C. elegans is a sensitive in vivo model that can be used for the biological evaluation of the toxicity of nanomaterials.
A new bee genus from the pampas of eastern Argentina, with appended notes on the classification of “paracolletines” (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)

A new genus and species are described and figured from the eastern pampas of Tandil, Argentina. Aenarete roigi Engel & Gonzalez, new genus and species, is quite similar to Spinolapis Moure (here used in a restricted sense), occurring in southern Chile, and particularly Patagoniapis Engel, new genus (type species: Pasiphae cyanea Cockerell) from further southward in Argentina (Rio Negro to Tierra del Fuego). The genus is distinguished from these two genera and other South American “paracolletines”. Given the employment of different concepts for “paracolletine” genera herein and in recent published works relative to the classification outlined by Michener, a revised key to these groups is appended based on the genera as envisioned by the authors. This necessitates making available the following new taxa (eight new subtribes, 20 new genera, 13 new subgenera): Aageocolletes Engel, new genus; Aglaocolletes Engel, new genus; Asciocolletes Engel, new genus; Baeocolletina Engel, new subtribe; Bicolletopsis Engel, new subgenus of Bicolletes Friese; Calloproctus Engel, new genus; Chilicolletina Engel, new subtribe; Chrysopasiphae Engel, new genus; Conospermapis Engel, new genus; Cyanopasiphae Engel, new subgenus of Bicolletes; Cygnella Engel, new subgenus of Euryglossidia Cockerell; Cyranocolletes Engel, new genus; Damocrateia Engel, new genus; Donovanapis, new subgenus of Leioproctus Smith; Eremocolletes Engel, new genus; Erythropasiphae Engel, new subgenus of Bicolletes; Hexaproctus Engel, new genus; Houstoniella Engel, new subgenus of Eremocolletes; Kanakapis Engel, new subgenus of Lamprocolletes Smith; Leucopasiphae Engel, new subgenus of Perditomorpha Ashmead; Lonchorhynchina Engel & Gonzalez, new subtribe; Manocolletes Engel, new subgenus of Euryglossidia; Machaerocolletes Engel, new genus; Maoricolletes Engel, new subgenus of Leioproctus; Maynardapis Engel, new genus; Nanopasiphae Engel, new genus; Niltoniina Engel, new subtribe; Notinopasiphae Engel, new subgenus of Euryglossidia; Packercolletes Engel, new genus; Perditomorphina Engel, new subtribe; Phenacolletina Engel, new subtribe; Rhamphocolletes Engel, new genus; Ruzopria Engel, new subgenus of Belopria Moure; Sarocolletidion Engel, new genus; Spinolapina Engel, new subtribe; Sthenele Engel, new genus; Stilbopasiphae Engel, new genus; Stoclele Engel, new subgenus of Lamprocolletes; Torocolletina Engel, new subtribe; Walkerapis Engel, new genus; Zyzzocolletes Engel, new genus.
The relationship between thwarted interpersonal needs and suicidal behaviors varies as a function of positive emotions in a rural sexual minority sample

Abstract Few models consider if and how positive psychological resources mitigate suicide risk in rural sexual minorities (SM). The purpose of the current study was to determine whether positive emotions can offset the relationships between thwarted interpersonal need and suicidal behaviors. Data were collected from rural SM (N = 211). Positive emotions moderated the association between thwarted interpersonal needs and suicidal behaviors; the relationship was nullified at higher levels of positive emotions. Our findings offers preliminary evidence for positive emotions as a protective factor to suicide and provides some insights for using positive psychological interventions in suicide prevention efforts.
Physiological Effects of Smoke: Managing Escape

he entire field of smoke toxicology is only about 25 years old (Clarke 1983), so there is not a great deal of difference between a historical review and the present state of the art. Still, a series of key technical facts (and uncertainties) underpins much of today’s thinking. This paper covers how those facts emerged, their implications, the spin-off disciplines to which they have given rise, and how they have shaped the current issues in the field. Patterns of Fire Fatalities
DL‐EPR and AFM study of sensitization of a 17%Cr multiphase stainless steel

The corrosion behavior of a 17Cr multiphase martensitic stainless steel quenched (1000°C, water cooling) and tempered at different temperatures was determined using the double‐loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL‐EPR) test. The specimen tempered at 550°C showed the highest degree of sensitization. For the specimen treated at 600°C, a healing process was observed, followed by a second sensitization at 625°C coincident with an increase in the austenite volume fraction. This phase was quantified using the magnetic method and an increase in this phase was observed with the tempering temperature. The DL‐EPR results were correlated with surface aspects obtained by atomic force microscopy.
APPLICATION OF PHASOR-BASED FUNCTIONALITY TO HVDC CONTROL IN REDUCED SYSTEM STRENGTH

The control and stability of power electronic converters are strongly related to the strength of the system to which they are connected. Traditionally, synchronous machines have provided a large share of the strength or “stiffness” of voltage control in the grid, but increasingly there are large power electronic converters in remote areas of the grid displacing this synchronous generation. At remote connection points, the network is susceptible to large changes in system strength if lines or generators trip. It is therefore challenging to design power electronic controls to remain stable over a wide range of system operating conditions. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate capabilities to use Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data to derive real-time indicators of the state of the network. These indicators of AC network state can be used to select an appropriate mode of operation by the High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) control. This paper describes the developed phasor-based control solution and details of its functional blocks. The control approach combines direct indication of the system strength with other indicators of the outcomes of a weakening system.
Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Salinity Tolerance in Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) Using Transcriptome Analyses

Guar is a commercially important legume crop known for guar gum. Guar is tolerant to various abiotic stresses, but the mechanisms involved in its salinity tolerance are not well established. This study aimed to understand molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in guar. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was employed to study the leaf and root transcriptomes of salt-tolerant (Matador) and salt-sensitive (PI 340261) guar genotypes under control and salinity. Our analyses identified a total of 296,114 unigenes assembled from 527 million clean reads. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the gene expression differences were more pronounced between salinity treatments than between genotypes. Differentially expressed genes associated with stress-signaling pathways, transporters, chromatin remodeling, microRNA biogenesis, and translational machinery play critical roles in guar salinity tolerance. Genes associated with several transporter families that were differentially expressed during salinity included ABC, MFS, GPH, and P-ATPase. Furthermore, genes encoding transcription factors/regulators belonging to several families, including SNF2, C2H2, bHLH, C3H, and MYB were differentially expressed in response to salinity. This study revealed the importance of various biological pathways during salinity stress and identified several candidate genes that may be used to develop salt-tolerant guar genotypes that might be suitable for cultivation in marginal soils with moderate to high salinity or using degraded water.