Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric Characteristics and Chronic Energy Deficiency of the Mankidias - A PTG of Northern Odisha, India

Abstract The present paper is an endeavor to focus on the socio-economic profile and anthropometric characteristics of the Mankidias, a semi-nomadic, particularly vulnerable tribe of Mayurbhanj District of Northern Odisha. The study includes 136 married women (>15 years) and 124 adult men aged above 20 years. The subjects were also interviewed to collect data on their socio-economic profile. Anthropometric measurements including height and weight were measured using standard protocol. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and used as a measure of nutritional status. The study depicts the low socio-economic status of the tribe in terms of low literacy and household income. Further the extent of under-nutrition (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) was also found to be very high among both the males and the females. However, the frequency of under-nutrition or higher rate of chronic energy deficiency (CED), that is BMI<18.5 kg/m2 is marked among the females. According to the WHO classification of public health problem of low BMI, the prevalence of CED was found to be very high (>40%) in both the males (48.4%) and females (59.5%) of this tribe indicating a critical situation. Since the socio-economic characteristics and nutritional status of the Mankidia tribe is indigent, it is indispensable that the nutritional status of the tribe should be improved by enhancing the socio-economic status through improved education and employment opportunities and appropriate nutritional interventional programs to reduce the prevalence of CED.
“I don’t think they thought I was ready”: How pre-transition assessments create care inequities for trans people with complex mental health in Canada

Abstract Transgender (trans) people experience high rates of mental health issues including depression and suicidality. Improving access to transition-related medicine such as hormones and surgeries is suggested as an important mechanism to address these mental health issues. Yet clinicians experience challenges assessing and referring trans people for transition-related medicine. Standardized assessment protocols have been therefore recommended to optimize care. Although standardized protocols are purported to expand access to hormones and surgeries for trans people, it is unclear whether these tools achieve this goal. We therefore conducted an institutional ethnography to explicate how standardized readiness assessments coordinate access to hormones and surgeries in Canada. We analyzed key texts, talked with trans people, clinicians, clinician-educators, and administrators (total n = 22), and observed clinician-education workshops. In the context of determining transition readiness, standardized protocols direct clinicians to explore alternative diagnoses and assess the degree to which any complex mental health condition is “managed” prior to initiating hormones or surgeries. In response, we found that trans patients downplay or withhold mental health concerns from clinicians, or otherwise do additional work (e.g., take up unwanted psychiatric interventions) to convince providers they are “mentally ready” to transition. This phenomenon is paradoxical in that transition-related medicine is recommended to mitigate trans people’s psychosocial distress, but when patients reveal symptoms of distress they encounter significant barriers to treatment. We conclude that the logic underpinning pre-transition “mental readiness” assessments discredits the claim that standardized protocols optimize access to hormones and surgeries.
Do characteristics of marijuana use correspond to overall health levels for medical marijuana patients?

ABSTRACT The current study assesses how characteristics of medical marijuana use are related to general health status and past year change in health. An analytic sample of 312 patients were recruited from 16 medical marijuana dispensaries across Los Angeles, California. Patients completed a short intercept survey and a longer patient survey. Surveys asked information about health, marijuana use behaviors, preferred ways to use marijuana, marijuana recommendation, and sociodemographic information. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling of patients nested within dispensaries. For general health status, patients who smoke marijuana, have more medical conditions for which they received their medical marijuana recommendation, and use marijuana more times per day report lower levels of general health. The number of days using marijuana per month was related to worse health in the past year. Medical marijuana use does not appear to improve overall health status according to the results presented here, but is limited by the cross-sectional nature of the study. As the legalization of medical marijuana use continues to grow across the United States, identifying how marijuana is related to health will allow physicians to better determine who may benefit from its use.
Coronary CT Angiography-derived Fractional Flow Reserve Testing in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Recommendations on Interpretation and Reporting

Noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary CT angiography (FFRCT) is increasingly used in patients with coronary artery disease as a gatekeeper to the catheterization laboratory. While there is emerging evidence of the clinical benefit of FFRCT in patients with moderate coronary disease as determined with coronary CT angiography, there has been less focus on interpretation, reporting, and integration of FFRCT results into routine clinical practice. Because FFRCT analysis provides a plethora of information regarding pressure and flow across the entire coronary tree, standardized criteria on interpretation and reporting of the FFRCT analysis result are of crucial importance both in context of the clinical adoption and in future research. This report represents expert opinion and recommendation on a standardized FFRCT interpretation and reporting approach. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Malpositioned Pedicle Screw Compressed Thoracic Aorta of a Patient With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Aortic injuries because of pedicle screw placement are quite rare, consequently management strategies to avoid vascular complications are lacking. Intraoperative or postoperative images to reveal the accuracy of screw placement in scoliotic misalignment with freehanded placed pedicle screws is therefore essential. Case Report: A 13-year-old girl with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was presented at the outpatient clinic of the authors department. Operative correction of the scoliotic misalignment including dorsal pedicle screw and rod placement with fusion from T3 to L4 was performed. Computed tomography scan after surgery showed left T9 screw malposition, accompanied by lateral compression of thoracic aorta. No clinical manifestations of aortic stenosis were noted. To avoid severe vascular complications, the thoracic screw was removed with the help of a specialized team of vascular as well as thoracic surgeons through extrapleural thoracotomy. After the removal of the malpositioned screw, the correction maneuvres were applied without the left T9 screw. No posttraumatic aortic aneurysm and other wall injury were identified after the revision surgery. The patient was discharged after 20 days of inpatient stay without the use external immobilization. The girl was in a good clinical condition after the 1-year follow-up visit without vascular or neurological complications. Conclusions: Malpositioned pedicle screws after dorsal correction in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis might be challenging. Aortic injuries because of malpositioned screws are rare; nevertheless, the presence might be a life-threatening condition despite a clinical asymptomatic patient. As a consequence, the authors recommend to perform routine postoperative computed tomography scans combined with angiography in the case of significant lateral screw positioning.
Simulations of Radiative‐Convective‐Dynamical Equilibrium

Small‐domain cloud‐resolving model and single‐column model simulations have historically applied one of three representations of large‐scale vertical motion, wLS . In simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium, wLS=0 , and a balance develops between convective heating and radiative cooling. Under the weak‐temperature gradient approximation and related approaches, wLS is diagnosed based on the model's thermodynamic profile. Finally, for real‐case simulations, wLS may be prescribed as a time‐varying field derived from observations. Here, we propose one additional setup, namely, a prescribed but time‐invariant vertical motion. In this case, the atmosphere evolves toward an equilibrium state characterized by a three‐way balance between radiative and adiabatic cooling and convective heating, with the relative contribution of radiation decreasing with increasing wLS . We refer to this state as radiative‐convective‐dynamical equilibrium (RCDE). In this preliminary study we highlight the characteristics of the RCDE state through a suite of simulations performed with a single cloud‐resolving model and single‐column model. An appealing aspect of these simulations is the wide variety of equilibrium states achieved, ranging from dry and strongly unstable for small wLS to approximately moist neutral for large wLS . This makes RCDE a propitious framework for future model intercomparisons.
Outcomes for permanence and stability for children in long-term care

This article is based on research about children in long-term care. It focuses on the factors that help and hinder a child being and feeling stable in their foster home and having a sense of permanence. The research was carried out with children in care inGalway and Donegal between 2008 and 2013. It was proposed by Tusla – Child and Family Agency and carried out by the National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway)UNESCO Child and Family Research Centre (UCFRC). The main factors that were found to influence permanence and stability were relationships, communication, support and continuity. The research shows that it is not only the connection between the child and the foster family or parent that matters. Instead, the whole system surrounding the child must also be taken into account. A model was developed from the research which showed that children in care often have a more complicated system than other children, as it includes both the family of origin and the foster family. This research has been used to inform and improve practice in the children-in-care teams in Galway and Donegal. In particular, this article outlines resources available to foster families in terms of training, services and support.
Perceptions of Clinical Ethics Practices: IntegratedEthicsTM Staff Survey Data from the VA Health Care System

Background: Clinical ethics is fundamental to the quality of health care and is a concern facing all health care systems. This study examined clinicians’ perceptions of ethical practices in shared decision making with patients, end-of-life care, professionalism in patient care, and patient privacy and confidentiality in order to identify strengths in ethical practices and opportunities for improvement. Methods: We analyzed data from the 48,857 clinician respondents to the 2010 IntegratedEthics™ Staff Survey (IESS). The IESS was developed to provide a broad snapshot of a health care organization's ethical practices for quality improvement purposes. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate clinicians’ perceptions of clinical ethics practices and multivariate logistic regression analyses to evaluate associations between clinician- and organization-level characteristics and positive ethical practices. Results: Survey results suggest opportunities for improvement in ethical practices, including giving patients sufficient time to discuss treatment recommendations, giving better guidance to clinicians on how to maintain professional boundaries, disclosing medical errors to patients and surrogates, and providing clinicians with better education about ethical issues in end-of-life care. The majority of respondents were familiar with the ethics consultation service (ECS). Familiarity with the ECS was significantly associated with length of time working at VA, physician status, and manager/supervisory level of responsibility. If confronted with an ethical concern, approximately three-quarters of respondents reported that they would be very or moderately likely to use the ECS. Conclusions: The results from this study support quality improvement activities by allowing health care organizations to compare clinical ethics practices across staff groups, settings, and time. After a facility obtains its results, the next steps should include seeking greater understanding through qualitative interviews, and then selecting topics for quality improvement initiatives. These activities will reinforce the importance of ethics as a component of health care quality and promote a positive ethics environment.
Error Analysis for an Algorithm That Reduces Radiative Transfer Calculations in High‐Resolution Atmospheric Models

This study assesses characteristics of spatial and temporal errors for net (shortwave + longwave) surface irradiances and atmospheric heating rates predicted by the Partitioned‐Gauss‐Legendre Quadrature (PGLQ) algorithm, whose aim is to economize computation of radiative transfer (RT) in high‐resolution cloud system‐resolving models (CSRMs). Most results reported here are for PGLQ having made 200 times fewer calls to the RT models than the Independent Column Approximation, which applies the RT models to each column in CSRM domains. Due to the nature of GLQ, PGLQ yields almost unbiased domain averages. This is shown for data pertaining to two convective cloud systems produced by a CSRM. Relative to the Independent Column Approximation, PGLQ works with much reduced amounts of information, and so it has the potential to produce rare, but sizable, localized errors. Two methods are employed to assess the “randomness” of spatial and temporal series of PGLQ flux and heating rate errors; one of which is developed here. Regarding spatial transects of net surface irradiance errors ΔFNET, ~30–60% of them are considered by both assessment techniques, simultaneously, to be indistinguishable, at the 95% confidence level, from fully uncorrelated sequences. Correspondingly, for time series of ΔFNET (at 8‐s time step), ~15–20% of 128‐step series, and ~10–70% of 30‐step series are considered by both methods, simultaneously, to be random. For time series of errors for net radiative heating rates, ~40% of cloudless series get classed, by both tests simultaneously, as random, compared to ~20% of those that contain some cloud.
Repellent and Feeding Deterrent Activities of Butanolides and Lignans Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora against Tribolium castaneum

Three lignans (1–3) and three butanolides (4–6) were isolated from the lipophilic extract of the Cinnamomum camphora stem bark. The six compounds were identified as (-)-sesamin (1), 9α-hydroxysesamin (2), 9β-hydroxysesamin (3), obtusilactone A (4), isoobtusilactone A (IOA, 5), and isomahubanolide (6) from their spectroscopic data. Four (1, 2 and 5, 6) of them were evaluated for their repellent and feeding deterrent activities against Tribolium castaneum. In this work, the three butanolides (4–6) were confirmed to exist in C. camphora for the first time. Results of bioassays indicated that (-)-sesamin (1), IOA (5), and isomahubanolide (6) displayed certain repellent activities against T. castaneum at 78.63, 15.73, and 3.15 μg/cm2 at 2 h after exposure. Among the three compounds, (-)-sesamin (1) and IOA (5) exerted stronger effects and maintained longer duration of repellency. Furthermore, IOA (5) and isomahubanolide (6) showed good feeding deterrent activity against T. castaneum. IOA (5) was still potently active at low concentrations with the feeding deterrence index (FDI) ranging from 42.85% to 50.66% at 15–1500 ppm. This work provides some evidence for explaining antiinsect properties of the nonvolatile fraction of the C. camphora stem bark and helps promote the development and comprehensive utilization of this tree species.
A Theory of Planned Behavior Exploration of Child Welfare Caseworker Referrals to an Evidence-Based Parenting Program

Abstract Despite the proliferation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for children and families, the majority of children and families do not receive EBPs in the child welfare (CW) system, despite their growing availability. One major driver of this lack of access may be caseworker referrals to EBPs given that children and families access services through their caseworker. In this study, we applied the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model and qualitative methods to understand caseworker decisions to refer to EBP. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with child welfare caseworkers and support staff from two community-based CW agencies that were implementing an EBP, the Positive Parenting Program (Triple P). Directed content analysis was used and results supported a TPB model, in that 1) caseworkers’ beliefs about Triple P’s effectiveness; 2) agency expectations and culture around referring to Triple P; 3) conflicting court mandates and 4) multiple job demands influenced caseworker referral decisions. Recommendations include increasing communication and training for caseworkers and court officials around Triple P and increasing agency support for EBP implementation. Future research should explore whether constructs from the TPB predict actual caseworker referrals to EBPs.
The Intergenerational Continuity of Child Maltreatment: An Examination of Adolescent, Young Adult, and Reproductive Risk Factors Among High-Risk Women

Harpreet Bahia Effects of the Relationship Check Up on Early Adults’ Romantic Relationship Adjustment and Substance Use: A Pilot Study (K. Chronister) David Brule Effects of Alcohol Expectancies, Drinking Behaviors, and Ecological Contexts on Negative Alcohol-Related Consequences among University Freshmen (B. McWhirter) Jennifer Chain A Multilevel Analysis of Student, Family, and School Factors Associated with Latino/a Parental Involvement in the Middle School Learning Environment (B. Stormshak) Audra Horney The Impact of a Dissonance-Based Prevention Program on Eating Disorder Developmental Trajectories (B. Stormshak) Kelsey South College Student Survivors' Evaluations of Institutional Responses to Reports of Sexual Violence (K. Chronister)
An INS and UWB Fusion Approach With Adaptive Ranging Error Mitigation for Pedestrian Tracking

Fusion techniques are employed in pedestrian tracking to achieve more accurate and robust tracking systems. A common approach is to fuse Inertial Navigation System (INS), worn by a pedestrian, with a radio-based system to complement each other and mitigate their shortcomings. Despite the increased accuracy achieved in the state-of-the-art approaches, the deployment complexity and cost of these tracking systems remain a major bottleneck. In this paper, a novel INS and Ultra-wideband (UWB) fusion approach, which complements INS only with ranging measurements obtained from UWB anchors placed at known location, is proposed. An adaptive UWB ranging uncertainty model is proposed and incorporated in a Particle Filter fusion algorithm, which reduces errors of the UWB measurements and enhances positioning accuracy. The proposed approach achieves significant reduction of the deployment complexity and cost compared to other approaches that have comparable tracking performance. The pedestrian tracking system is implemented using the built-in inertial measurement unit of a smartphone and DecaWave TREK1000 UWB development kit. Two practical long-distance pedestrian tracking experiments are conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach, which reduces mean position error up to 73.23 % when compared to INS only tracking results.
ACUTE DOSE RESPONSE EFFECTS OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON CEREBROVASCULAR HEMODYNAMICS AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS

Accumulating evidence suggests that aerobic exercise benefits cerebrovascular hemodynamics and arterial stiffness. Few studies have evaluated acute effects of aerobic exercise on cerebral blood flow and even fewer on cerebral pulsatile flow. Furthermore, it has been proposed that cerebral blood flow is more pulsatile with higher arterial stiffness, though little is known about this relationship, particularly in response to exercise. PURPOSE: To evaluate acute effects of aerobic exercise on cerebrovascular hemodynamics and arterial stiffness. METHODS: Fifteen middle-aged adults were recruited for this randomized crossover study comprised of three experimental visits: 30 minutes of sitting (SIT), 20 minutes of sitting followed by a 10-minute exercise bout (EX10), and a 30-minute exercise bout (EX30). Cerebrovascular hemodynamics and arterial stiffness were measured before the experimental session and at 30- and 60-minute post-session. Cerebrovascular hemodynamics were measured using Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography at the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Arterial stiffness was measured by pulse wave velocity (cfPWV and crPWV) and pulse pressure. RESULTS: Pulsatility index was marginally higher in EX30 versus SIT (4.7%, P=0.08) at the 30-minute post-session assessment. Cerebrovascular blood flow velocity was not different across conditions (P>0.10). Pulse pressure was lower in EX10 (β =-2.79 mmHg, P=0.01) and in EX30 (β=-3.85 mmHg, P=0.001) versus SIT at the 60-minute post-session assessment. Neither cfPWV nor crPWV were different from SIT following EX30 (P>0.05). However, compared to SIT, cfPWV was higher in EX10 at the 30-minute post-session assessment (β =0.30 m/s, P=0.02) and crPWV was lower in EX10 at the 60-minute post-session assessment (β =-0.88 m/s, P=0.004). Neither changes in cfPWV nor crPWV were associated with changes in cerebral pulsatile flow (P>0.05). Higher pulse pressure was associated with higher cerebral pulsatile flow (β =0.004, P=0.02) at the 30- but not the 60-minute post-session assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, aerobic exercise does not improve cerebrovascular hemodynamics in the MCA within an hour of aerobic exercise. Future research should include more frequent and longer post-exercise observation periods, different cerebral regions and vessels, and relationships with arterial stiffness. Additionally, our results suggest 10- and 30-minute exercise bouts have differential effects on PWV which also warrants further research.
The Personal Career Planning Needs of Secondary School Learners in Botswana

ABSTRACT In order to achieve Botswana’s 2016 vision, career guidance must empower learners with the career skills needed to live up to the demands of a challenging and changing world, life and career path. A survey was undertaken to determine whether the Guidance and Counselling Program in secondary schools provides for the personal career planning needs of learners. Cluster sampling was used to select three hundred and thirty three learners from four senior public secondary schools in Gaborone, Botswana. A quantitative ex post facto research design was used. The survey brought to light that these learners indeed had a number of personal concerns regarding their choice of career and also regarding the school guidance program. Notable matters of concern are issues relating to consultations with the school guidance counsellor, availability of technological resources for job searches, preparation for interviews, knowledge of job-seeking skills, available careers and the need to expose learners to the world of work through job-shadowing and career field-trips/excursions.