Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Review On: Liposomes A Novel Drug Delivery System”

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT: Novel drug delivery systems play a major role in providing an optimum dose at a right time and to the right location. Liposomes are the novel drug delivery systems consisting of an aqueous compartment enclosed by means of one or more phospholipid bilayers. It is spherical sac vesicle it consists at least one lipid bilayer. Liposomes are the most successful drug delivery systems which uses nanotechnology to potentiate therapeutic efficacy and reduces the toxicities that occurs due to conventional medicines.The ability of liposomes to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs have allowed these vesicles to become useful drug delivery systems. The present article gives an idea regarding the classification of liposomes, mechanism of vesicle formation, advantages, disadvantages, methods of preparation of liposomes, novel liposomes, applications and marketed products. The aim of the present study was conduct to investigate as drug carriers for improving the drug delivery of therapeutic agent. The objective of the present article is to discuss the advances in liposomes assisted drug delivery, biological challenges that remain and current clinical and experimental use of liposomes for biomedical applications.To study classification of liposomes advantages, dis-advantages and its application & To study method of preparation of liposomes.
On the Application of Endoscopic Background-Oriented Schlieren Technique
 for Near-Field Investigation of Density Field

Background-Oriented Schlieren (BOS) is a non-intrusive and non-destructive technique for measuring density gradient in transparent media. Given the dependency of the refractive index and density of a medium, its static density field can be determined as a secondary measurand from BOS measurements. For an ideal gas, if the pressure variation is negligible, the static temperature field can be determined as a tertiary measurand. While the BOS technique for far-field measurements has been extensively researched, the implementation of this technique for near-field measurements still needs to be investigated. Near-field BOS is especially important for the measurement and visualization of internal flows, such as turbomachine flows, in which access to flow passage is limited and might be feasible using endoscopes (borescopes). This paper presents the features and challenges of the endoscopic BOS technique and presents methods and solutions for the application of this method in near-field measurements. The features of endoscopic BOS records as well as the comparison of endoscopic BOS and BOS measurements with camera are presented.
WSN Hardware for Automotive Applications: Preliminary Results for the Case of Public Transportation

The ubiquitous nature and great potential of Wireless Sensors Network has not yet been fully exploited in automotive applications. This work deals with the choice of the cost-effective hardware required to face the challenges and issues proposed by the new trend in the development of intelligent transportation systems. With this aim, a preliminary WSN architecture is proposed. Several commercially available open-source platforms are compared and the Raspberry Pi stood out as a suitable and viable solution. The sensing layer is designed with two goals. Firstly, accelerometric, temperature, and relative humidity sensors were integrated on a dedicated PCB to test if mechanical or environmental stresses during bus rides could be harmful to the device or to its performances. The physical quantities are monitored automatically to alert the driver, thus improving the quality of service. Then, the rationale and functioning of the management and service layer is presented. The proposed cost-effective WSN node was employed and tested to transmit messages and videos, while investigating if any quantitative relationship exists between these operations and the environmental and operative conditions experienced by the hardware.
Optimization of marimba bar geometry by 3D finite element analysis

Computational Acoustic Modeling Laboratory Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Music Media and Technology Schulich School of Music, McGill University, Canada Abstract The natural frequencies of marimba bars are tuned by removing material from the bottom of the bar. Three partials are typically tuned, though less are tuned for higher notes. With only three or fewer partials to tune, many different bar geometries may produce the desired frequencies. As a result, bar geometries can show significant variation between brands, with each manufacturer employing their own tuning approach, honed over many years of experience. This work uses 3D finite element analysis to investigate tuning marimba bar geometry, with an aim to inform manufacturing methods. Optimization techniques, including genetic algorithms, are employed to evaluate and improve bar geometries. The preferred geometries tune the desired frequencies, while also scoring well on secondary evaluation criteria. These secondary criteria include: separating the frequencies of torsional modes from those of the tuned modes, prioritizing symmetry, and producing shapes similar to professional marimba bars. Models are developed using the open-source finite element program Calculix. Optimization routines are written in Python. The programs are interfaced to coordinate model execution. Functions are created to identify mode shapes based on displaced geometry. These functions provide resilience against any modal reordering, allowing the optimization routines to run unsupervised over significant changes in geometry.
Effects of Pre-Processing Short-Term Hot-Water Treatments on Quality and Shelf Life of Fresh-Cut Apple Slices

Processing, especially cutting, reduces the shelf life of fruits. In practice, fresh-cut fruit salads are, therefore, often sold immersed in sugar syrups to increase shelf life. Pre-processing short-term hot-water treatments (sHWT) may further extend the shelf life of fresh-cuts by effectively reducing microbial contaminations before cutting. In this study, fresh-cut ‘Braeburn’ apples, a major component of fruit salads, were short-term (30 s) hot water-treated (55 °C or 65 °C), partially treated with a commercial anti-browning solution (ascorbic/citric acid) after cutting and, thereafter, stored immersed in sugar syrup. To, for the first time, comprehensively and comparatively evaluate the currently unexplored positive or negative effects of these treatments on fruit quality and shelf life, relevant parameters were analyzed at defined intervals during storage at 4 °C for up to 13 days. Compared to acid pre-treated controls, sHWT significantly reduced the microbial loads of apple slices but did not affect their quality during the 5 day-standard shelf life period of fresh-cuts. Yeasts were most critical for shelf life of fresh-cut apples immersed in sugar syrup. The combination of sHWT and post-processing acid treatment did not further improve quality or extend shelf life. Although sHWT could not extend potential maximum shelf life beyond 10 d, results highlighted the potentials of this technique to replace pre-processing chemical treatments and, thus, to save valuable resources.
Serologic Prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) among major Thalassemic Patients in Kermanshah 2010

Introduction: Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) continue to be a major challenge for Blood transfusion organizations in the world and multi- transfused patients (MTPs) are at higher risk of infection. HTLV-1 is a retrovirus that easily transmitted via blood cell products. The aim of this study is determine the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 in major thalassemic patients from Kermanshah Province, western of Iran. Material and methods: A total of 116 serum samples from all major thalassemic patients that exist in Kermanshah providence and 1000 serum samples from healthy individuals as control group were tested for HTLV specific antibody by ELISA method. All of the ELISA positive samples were confirmed by Western Blotting analysis. Results: From major thalassemic patients, 4 subjects (3.4%) had HTLV-I infection. Also, among 1000 control individuals, 5 subjects (0.5%) had HTLV-I infection. There wasn’t any HTLV-II in major thalassemic patients or control individuals. Conclusion: our results showed this infection exist in our region. These results indicated that screening procedure were not doing carefully. More studies are needed to clarify the reason of this unsuccessfully screening of this virus from donated blood.
Point Set Multi-Level Aggregation Feature Extraction Based on Multi-Scale Max Pooling and LDA for Point Cloud Classification

Accurate and effective classification of lidar point clouds with discriminative features expression is a challenging task for scene understanding. In order to improve the accuracy and the robustness of point cloud classification based on single point features, we propose a novel point set multi-level aggregation features extraction and fusion method based on multi-scale max pooling and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). To this end, in the hierarchical point set feature extraction, point sets of different levels and sizes are first adaptively generated through multi-level clustering. Then, more effective sparse representation is implemented by locality-constrained linear coding (LLC) based on single point features, which contributes to the extraction of discriminative individual point set features. Next, the local point set features are extracted by combining the max pooling method and the multi-scale pyramid structure constructed by the point’s coordinates within each point set. The global and the local features of the point sets are effectively expressed by the fusion of multi-scale max pooling features and global features constructed by the point set LLC-LDA model. The point clouds are classified by using the point set multi-level aggregation features. Our experiments on two scenes of airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds—a mobile laser scanning (MLS) scene point cloud and a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) scene point cloud—demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed point set multi-level aggregation features for point cloud classification, and the proposed method outperforms other related and compared algorithms.
Deterioration in Muscle Mass and Physical Function Differs According to Weight Loss History in Cancer Cachexia

Background: Muscle mass and physical function (PF) are common co-primary endpoints in cancer cachexia trials, but there is a lack of data on how these outcomes interact over time. The aim of this secondary analysis of data from a trial investigating multimodal intervention for cancer cachexia (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01419145) is to explore whether changes in muscle mass and PF are associated with weight loss and cachexia status at baseline. Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted using data from a phase II randomized controlled trial including 46 patients with stage III–IV non-small cell lung cancer (n = 26) or inoperable pancreatic cancer (n = 20) due to commence chemotherapy. Cachexia status at baseline was classified according to international consensus. Muscle mass (assessed using computed tomography (CT)) and PF outcomes, i.e., Karnofsky performance status (KPS), self-reported PF (self-PF), handgrip strength (HGS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and physical activity (PA), were measured at baseline and after six weeks. Results: When compared according to cachexia status at baseline, patients with no/pre-cachexia had a mean loss of muscle mass (−5.3 cm2, p = 0.020) but no statistically significant change in PF outcomes. Patients with cachexia also lost muscle mass but to a lesser extent (−2.8 cm2, p = 0.146), but demonstrated a statistically significant decline in PF; KPS (−3.8 points, p = 0.030), self-PF (−8.8 points, p = 0.027), and HGS (−2.7 kg, p = 0.026). Conclusions: Weight loss history and cachexia status at baseline are of importance if one aims to detect changes in PF outcomes in cancer cachexia trials. To improve the use of co-primary endpoints that include PF in future trials, outcomes that have the potential to detect change relative to weight loss should be investigated further.
AAS 14-431 UTILIZATION OF UNCERTAINTY INFORMATION IN ANGLES-ONLY INITIAL ORBIT DETERMINATION

In an initial orbit determination (IOD) problem with known sensor uncertainty characteristics, probabilistic information beyond the typical point solution may be derived. In previous work (AAS 13-822), the authors demonstrated methods of determining state uncertainty estimates directly from an angles-only IOD process. This paper extends the previous work by applying it to other IOD methods using angles-only observations, as well as simulating different orbits and observation geometries, including simultaneous measurements from multiple geographicallydistinct ground sites. We also explore performance for using the IOD state and uncertainty estimate as a starting point when processing additional observations.
Feasibility of the Tritrac R3D Accelerometer to Estimate Energy Expenditure in Youth

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an equation could be developed to predict energy expenditure from Tritrac output, body mass, stature, and age in youth. The participants were 308 young people, 8? C18 yrs of age, similarly dispersed across ages and genders. Stature (cm) and body mass (kg) were measured. Participants completed 10 min of nine activities, ranging from light to vigorous intensity. Simultaneous measures of Tritrac vector magnitude counts (VMAG) and oxygen uptake (Cosmed K4b2) were obtained. Mixed model analysis using VMAG, sex, age, stature, and body mass fit well, and all variables were significant (p iU .012). The model concordance correlation was Rc = . 812; standard deviation = 305ml/min. A slightly less complex model was also adequate: VO2 (ml/min) = (0.32i? VMAG) + (6.97i? cm) + (6.19i? kg) ? C 858; standard deviation = 306 ml/min; Rc =. 809. These results indicate that the Tritrac R3D can be used with some success to assess energy expenditure in 8- to 18-year olds
Recurrent ruptured abdominal aneurysms in polyarteritis nodosa successfully treated with in ﬂ iximab Biologics: Targets and Therapy

: Systemic polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare form of necrotizing vasculitis in children. Recurrent episodes of abdominal aneurysm ruptures are uncommon and life-threaten-ing condition in children. Failures of response to immunosuppressive medications and radiological intervention also lead to high mortality. Some reports suggested that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) might have role in the in ﬂ ammation of this disease. After an English-language literature review, this is the ﬁ rst case report in children of recurrent abdominal-ruptured aneurysms with a failure of conventional therapy but successfully treated with anti-TNF- α monoclonal antibody. We herein describe a 9-year-old girl who presented with chronic abdominal pain, hypertension, and massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The disease was refractory to conventional treatment, including administration of a corticosteroid, cyclophosphamide, and intravenous immunoglobulin, and recurrent-ruptured aneurysms developed in the gastrointestinal tract. Arterial embolization during angiography resulted in temporary improvement of the gastrointestinal bleeding. In ﬂ iximab, a chimeric anti-tumor necrosis factor- α monoclonal antibody, was initiated and resulted in disease remission with resolution of the gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain. Anti-TNF therapy might be another treatment option for refractory disease to prevent ongoing in ﬂ ammation that could lead to aneurysmal dilatation or even rupture. However, early recognition of refractory disease and aggressive treatment in the early course of the disease are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality.
A Review Paper on Analysis of Ball Bearing Cage

Centrifugal pump is a hydraulic machine which converts the mechanical energy into the hydraulic energy. Its miles one of the mechanical devices which play the critical role inside the water area in addition to the business sector. Also its miles very beneficial in human life. Water is life so pump plays critical position in bringing the water from deep region up to the needy lives door. So it's miles vital, the pump must be dependable and sturdy over the numerous years from set up. However there are many elements which can be accountable for the damage to the pumps and end its existence before it completes his life. Hence in this paper a few factors are highlighted that are answerable for the damage to the bearings and accordingly to pump. At the same time as operating of pump there are two kinds of forces are appearing at the pump that are radial and axial thrust. The pressure generated in lateral direction is due to dissimilar stress generated in volute is known as Radial thrust. The pressure generated in longitudinal direction icon account of different regions of impeller exposed to trapped pressurized liquid known as axial thrust.
SUAS Based Multispectral Imagery for Monitoring

Mapping short-term wetland vegetation and water storage changes is valuable for 9 monitoring the biogeochemical processes of wetland systems. Old Woman Creek National 10 Estuarine Research Reserve is a dynamic freshwater estuary that experiences intermittent changes 11 in water level over the course of a year. Small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) are useful tools in 12 monitoring changes as they are rapidly deployed, repeatable, and high-resolution. In this study, 13 commercial quadcopters were paired with a red/green/near-infrared MAPIR Survey 3W camera to 14 produce normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index 15 (NDWI) maps to observe short-term changes at OWC. Orthomosaics were produced for flights on 16 8 days throughout 2018 and early 2019. The orthomosaics were calibrated to bottom-of-atmosphere 17 reflectance using the Empirical Line Correction method and NDVI and NDWI maps were created. 18 The NDVI pixel values were used to generate maps of vegetation extent showing density changes 19 over time. Identifying dominant vegetation in these maps allowed for the application of the National 20 Estuarine Reserve System (NERRS) Classification Codes to zones of interest. NDWI provided water 21 extent at different water levels and when paired with LiDAR and bathymetric data yielded water 22 volume and residence time estimates. The produced maps contribute to the overall understanding 23 of habitats affected by water inundation variations. 24
Working Paper Testing the Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: An Application of the ARDL Bounds Test Approach – Evidence from Jamaica and Selected Latin American and Caribbean Countries

This paper examines the validity of the Export-Led Growth (ELG) hypothesis in the context of the Jamaican economy, among other selected Latin American and Caribbean Countries. The model uses quarterly and annual time series data from March 1997 to December 2014 for Jamaica only while annual data (1980 – 2014) was used for other countries in the region, respectively. The autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is applied to investigate whether a long run and short run relationship exist between exports and real GDP (total value added). The paper finds that there is evidence to support export-led growth hypothesis for Jamaica in the long run while the short run evidence is limited on a quarterly basis. The paper also reveals that imports plays no significant role in exports in the long-run and vice versa. The paper also established that the export-led growth strategy has evolved overtime based on the change in the trade coefficients over different time horizons; a more recent time horizon suggest that Jamaica has become more export-led relative to earlier years which provokes export-oriented and export diversification policy implication for the Jamaican economy. The paper shows that with the implementation of growth-enhancing structural reforms under the IMF-EFF programme to promote a competitive economic environment, Jamaica could stand to bolster demand and attain real economic growth through the export-led growth model while incorporating import substitution policies to benefit from this growth in the long run. Interestingly, Barbados, Guyana and Jamaica showed a cointegrating relationship between GDP and trade factors, however the short run impact from these trade factors were highly significant for Jamaica on an annual basis.
Explaining variations in spells of health care treatment

This paper analyzes 30-day “treatment spells” fixed length periods that commence with a service after a gap in provider contact to examine how health care utilization and spending of insured employees at large firms are influenced by health plan types, focusing particularly on: exclusive provider organizations (EPOs) and health maintenance organizations (HMOs) which narrow the panel of available providers, and consumer-driven/high deductible (CDHDs) health plans that raise cost sharing and promote wider consumer choice. EPOs and HMOs reduce the probability of visits mainly through reducing new and continuing visits with little effect on chronic, repeat visits. When we decompose spending in spells with positive treatment into pricing, treatment, and coding intensity, we find no evidence that EPOs, HMOs or CDHDs encourage consumers to shop around for lower prices. Treatment intensities explain very little of the variation in health spending. EPOs, HMOs, and CDHDs display higher coding intensities than PPOs. Overall, our results suggest that EPOs are the most effective in reducing total spending on procedures relative to PPO plans. Much of the apparent relative cost savings of HMOs and CDHDs disappear once we control for endogenous plan type choice, individual fixed effects and patient severity of illness.
Digital triggers in the system of formation and management of the investment portfolio of a metallurgical enterprise

The subject of this study is the economic relations that arise in the process of formation and management of the investment portfolio of a metallurgical enterprise based on digital triggers. The high importance of investment projects for business should be recognized by the management of the company, as a result, the investment process should be constantly in the focus of management's attention: It is necessary to develop a strategy for future development; evaluate the economic feasibility of projects; have a modern project management methodology; select competent staff for participation in project activities; constantly monitor the effectiveness of project activities and promptly make the necessary changes. Investment activity of an industrial enterprise is carried out through the implementation of investment projects consisting in technical re-equipment, modernization of production, and obtaining economic and social effect.