Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Herschel/PACS spectroscopy of NGC 4418 and Arp 220: H2O, H218O, OH, 18OH, O I, HCN, and NH3

Full range Herschel/PACS spectroscopy of the (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies NGC 4418 and Arp 220, observed as part of the SHINING key programme, reveals high excitation in H2O, OH, HCN, and NH3. In NGC 4418, absorption lines were detected with Elower > 800 K (H2O), 600 K (OH), 1075 K (HCN), and 600 K (NH3), while in Arp 220 the excitation is somewhat lower. While outflow signatures in moderate excitation lines are seen in Arp 220 as have been seen in previous studies, in NGC 4418 the lines tracing its outer regions are redshifted relative to the nucleus, suggesting an inflow with u M 12 Myr −1 . Both galaxies have compact and warm (Tdust 100 K) nuclear continuum components, together with a more extended and colder component that is much more prominent and massive in Arp 220. A chemical dichotomy is found in both sources: on the one hand, the nuclear regions have high H2O abundances, ∼10 −5 , and high HCN/H2 Oa nd HCN/NH3 column density ratios of 0.1−0.4 and 2−5, respectively, indicating a chemistry typical of evolved hot cores where grain mantle evaporation has occurred. On the other hand, the high OH abundance, with OH/H2O ratios of ∼0.5, indicates the effects of X-rays and/or cosmic rays. The nuclear media have high surface brightnesses (10 13 L� /kpc 2 ) and are estimated to be very thick (NH 10 25 cm −2 ). While NGC 4418 shows weak absorption in H 18 Oa nd 18 OH, with a 16 O-to- 18 O ratio of 250−500, the relatively strong absorption of the rare isotopologues in Arp 220 indicates 18 O enhancement, with 16 O-to- 18 Oo f 70−130. Further away from the nuclear regions, the H2O abundance decreases to 10 −7 and the OH/H2O ratio is reversed relative to the nuclear region to 2.5−10. Despite the different scales and morphologies of NGC 4418, Arp 220, and Mrk 231, preliminary evidence is found for an evolutionary sequence from infall, hot-core like chemistry, and solar oxygen isotope ratio to high velocity outflow, disruption of the hot core chemistry and cumulative high mass stellar processing of 18 O.
An Improved Panel Unit Root Test Using GLS-Detrending

We propose to combine recent developments in univariate and mul- tivariate unit root testing in order to construct a more powerful panel unit root test. We extend the GLS-detrending procedure of Elliott, Rothenberg and Stock (1996) to a panel Augmented Dickey-Fuller test. The finite sample power properties of the new test demonstrate a very large gain when compared to existing tests, especially for small panels. We then investigate the topic of Purchasing Power Parity for the post Bretton-Woods period via this new test. The results show strong rejections of the unit root hypothesis.
Does organisational politics always hurt employee performance? Moderating–mediating model

PurposeDrawing on the job demands-resources theory, this study investigates the mediating role of job satisfaction and the moderating roles of abusive supervision and perceived organisational support (POS) in the relationship between perception of organisational politics (POP) and employee job performance. This study hypothesised that employees with high POS and low abusive supervision can function effectively even in organisations with a high level of organisational politics.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted anonymously on 408 employees, from companies operating in Poland which were completed using the computer-assisted telephone interview method. Statistical verifications of the moderation and mediation analyses were conducted with PROCESS macro.FindingsThe results showed that a high level of POP does not diminish employee performance when employees perceive low levels of abusive supervision and a high level of POS. Furthermore, the results revealed that job satisfaction mediates between POP and employee performance.Originality/valueThis study integrated research on politics, abusive supervision and POS to examine the collective impact of these variables on employee performance. The findings have important implications in terms of the potential buffering that can be applied to reduce the negative impacts resulting from POP.
Absolute distance measurements for in-situ interferometer characterisation using range-resolved interferometry

Range-resolved interferometry (RRI) allows the simultaneous demodulation of multiple interferometric signal sources and provides a tomographic view of all constituent interferometers that may be present in a setup. Through comparison with a reference distance of known length, absolute distance measurements can be performed. RRI is tailored to the use of laser frequency modulation through injection-current modulation of regular, monolithic laser diodes that are both cost-effective and highly coherent and therefore this approach promises broad applicability. In this paper, two methods for absolute distance measurement, one based on the direct evaluation of the signal peak positions and one based on the phase demodulation of an additional lock-in modulation signal, are experimentally demonstrated. Using an external verification displacement interferometer, both techniques are shown to achieve in-situ absolute distance measurements with systematic errors below ±0.1% over a 50 mm travel range. The aim of this paper is to establish the general suitability of RRI for absolute distance measurements and in-situ tomographic interferometer characterisation for precision engineering. In future, this approach could be used to diagnose interferometric setups for parasitic signal contributions, multiple reflections or to determine the dead path length for accurate environmental compensation, either for use during initial setup of, or for continuous operation alongside, a regular displacement measuring interferometer.
Low-cost automated pipetting system using a single board computer and 3D-printing

Abstract A low-cost, automated pipetting system (auto pipet) was developed to deliver microliter volumes of aqueous solutions. This system was constructed using a single board computer, 3 D-printed parts, stepper motors, and other commercially available components. The performance of the auto pipet was found to be comparable or better than manual pipetting and a commercially available liquid handling system. Inter-day, intra-day, inter-instrumental, and intra-instrumental validation studies were performed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of liquid delivery using the auto pipet. Accuracy was determined to be from 98 to 102% with the precision, represented as the relative standard deviation, to be less than 3%. The auto pipet was further evaluated by the preparation of calibration and check standards for the determination of method detection limit, accuracy, and precision for trihalomethanes using a commercially available monitoring system. The auto pipet was also used as a digital buret to perform water hardness and water alkalinity titrations with promising results. Graphical Abstract
Research perspective and review towards brain tumour segmentation and classification using different image modalities

ABSTRACT Previously, the brain tumour segmentation is carried out as the manual process for detecting the brain tumour from the huge quantity of Medical Resonance Images (MRI) that is obtained from the clinical practices. But, these types of manual segmentation require more time and become a tedious process. While analysing the medical images, the challenges occur in detecting the brain tumours through MRI. This recognition process becomes difficult because of certain complexities and the presence of numerous varieties of tumour tissues. This analysis is aimed to summarise the semi-automatic methods for segmenting and classifying the brain tumour MRI and other modalities. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a literature review of brain tumour segmentation and classification using different imaging modalities. At first, the different tumour segmentation and feature extraction techniques are depicted. Further, the recent trend of deep and machine learning methods in this field is reviewed and categorised. The datasets used in different contributions, the simulated platforms, and the performance measures analysed are clearly evaluated and sorted out. Finally, the unsolved challenges under this field are observed, and future advancements to improve MRI-based brain tumour detection methods in the regular clinical routine are considered.
Internet of Things and healthcare system: A systematic review of ethical issues

The Internet of Things (IoTs) is a set of connected objects and devices that share data and pursue a common goal in different areas. IoT technology can significantly help the healthcare system by enabling the monitoring of elderly and chronic disease patients. Along with the growth of this technology, its challenges and limitations such as Connectivity, Compatibility, Standards, cost, legal, and ethical also increase. One of the most critical and challenging issues in the IoT is ethical issues. This study aims to explore the key ethical aspects of the IoT and Categorize them based on the executive phases of IoT in healthcare.
The Effect of Feminist Identification on the Perceived Authenticity of Male Allies

Male allies are often described as essential to reducing gender inequity. However, some men may become allies through benevolent sexist beliefs. While some women recognize this as a suboptimal form of allyship, others may interpret it as authentic. We investigated whether the type of allyship (egalitarian vs. benevolent sexist) influences women’s perceptions of authenticity and whether women’s feminist identification moderates this effect. Women (N = 132) undergraduate students completed a pre-screening survey including a measure of feminist identification. They read about and rated the authenticity of a male ally who exhibited egalitarianism or benevolent sexism in his effort to increase women representation in a male-dominated club. Women perceived the egalitarian ally as highly authentic regardless of their feminist identification. However, higher feminist identification was associated with higher perceived authenticity for the benevolent sexist ally. Results are discussed in terms of how feminist identification can influence women’s perceptions of men who help.
Investigating the Role of Channel State Information for MIMO based Visible Light Communication System

The bandwidth-hungry applications have urged the research community not only to optimize the communication entities and subsystem(s) but also to explore new spectrum(s) which can help to alleviate the spectrum crunch as well energy consumption challenge. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) has proved to be a useful method to enhance the capacity of radio link systems in 4G and beyond networks. Similarly, Visible Light Communication (VLC) is considered to be an environmental-friendly complementing technology for 6G networks. In this work, we have investigated the suitability of flexible transmitters and receivers for MIMO-based Visible Light Communication System for next-generation-networks. We created a channel state information (CSI) matrix based on random, Exponential, Rayleigh, and Gaussian distribution. Our results show that the randomly generated CSI matrix without diagonal maximization yields the worst performance whereas if the CSI matrix follows Gaussian distribution, VLC based MIMO system executes the best performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) against signal to noise ratio (SNR). Based on our results, we introduced the concept of flexible transmitters and receivers which can orient themselves at the physical layer based on the feedback received from the channel. We further extend our investigations by considering a square network of MIMO transmitters and receivers. Simulation results show that as the number of transmitters increases, BER performance deteriorates for independent data streams.
PERIODIC ACCRETION INSTABILITIES IN THE PROTOSTAR L1634 IRS 7

The small molecular cloud Lynds 1634 contains at least three outflow sources. We found one of these, IRS 7, to be variable with a period of 37.14 ± 0.04 days and an amplitude of approximately 2 mag in the Ks band. The light curve consists of a quiescent phase with little or no variation, and a rapid outburst phase. During the outburst phase, the rapid variation in brightness generates light echoes that propagate into the surrounding molecular cloud, allowing a measurement of the distance to IRS 7 of 404 pc ± 35 pc. We observed only a marginally significant change in the H − K color during the outburst phase. The K-band spectrum of IRS 7 shows CO bandhead emission but its equivalent width does not change significantly with the phase of the light curve. The H2 1–0 S(1) line emission does not follow the variability of the continuum flux. We also used the imaging data for a proper motion study of the outflows originating from the IRS 7 and the far-infrared source IRAS 05173-0555, and confirm that these are indeed distinct outflows.
Firming up Price Inflation

We use data from a large panel survey of UK firms to analyze the economic drivers of price setting since the start of the Covid pandemic. Inflation responded asymmetrically to movements in demand. This helps to explain why inflation did not fall much during the negative initial pandemic demand shock. Energy prices and shortages of labor and materials account for most of the rise during the rebound. Inflation rates across firms have become more dispersed and skewed since the start of the pandemic. We find that average price inflation is positively correlated with the dispersion and skewness of the distribution. Finally, we also introduce a novel measure of subjective inflation uncertainty within firms and show how this has increased during the pandemic, continuing to rise in 2022 even as sales uncertainty dropped back.
OBSERVATION OF THE FAR-ULTRAVIOLET CONTINUUM BACKGROUND WITH SPEAR/FIMS

We present the general properties of the far-ultraviolet (FUV; 1370–1710 Å) continuum background over most of the sky, obtained with the Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation (SPEAR) instrument (also known as FIMS), flown aboard the STSAT-1 satellite mission. We find that the diffuse FUV continuum intensity is well correlated with NH i, 100 μm, and Hα intensities but anti-correlated with soft X-ray intensity. The correlation of the diffuse background with the direct stellar flux is weaker than the correlation with other parameters. The continuum spectra are relatively flat. However, a weak softening of the FUV spectra toward some sight lines, mostly at high Galactic latitudes, is found not only in direct stellar but also in diffuse background spectra. The diffuse background is relatively softer than the direct stellar spectrum. We also find that the diffuse FUV background averaged over the sky has a bit softer spectrum compared to direct stellar radiation. A map of the ratio of 1370–1520 Å to 1560–1710 Å band intensity shows that the sky is divided into roughly two parts. However, this map shows a lot of patchy structures on small scales. The spatial variation of the hardness ratio seems to be largely determined by the longitudinal distribution of OB-type stars in the Galactic plane. A correlation of the hardness ratio with the FUV intensity is found at high intensities but an anti-correlation is found at low intensities. We also find evidence that the FUV intensity distribution is log-normal in nature.
Searching for new spin-dependent interactions with SmCo 5 spin sources and a spin-exchange-relaxation-free comagnetometer

We propose a novel method to search for possible new macro-scale spin- and/or velocity-dependent forces (SVDFs) based on specially designed SmCo$_5$ spin sources and a spin exchange relaxation-free (SERF) comagnetometer. A simulation shows that, by covering a SmCo$_5$ permanent magnet with a layer of pure iron, a high net spin density source of about $1\times 10^{22}$/cm$^3$ could be obtained. Taking advantages of the high spin density of this iron-shielded SmCo$_5$ and the high sensitivity of the SERF, the proposed method could set up new limits of greater than 10 orders of magnitude more sensitive than those from previous experiments or proposals in exploring SVDFs in force ranges larger than 1 cm.
Earth's Inner Core dynamics induced by the Lorentz force

Seismic studies indicate that the Earth's inner core has a complex structure and exhibits a strong elastic anisotropy with a cylindrical symmetry. Among the various models which have been proposed to explain this anisotropy, one class of models considers the effect of the Lorentz force associated with the magnetic field diffused within the inner core. In this paper we extend previous studies and use analytical calculations and numerical simulations to predict the geometry and strength of the flow induced by the poloidal component of the Lorentz force in a neutrally or stably stratified growing inner core, exploring also the effect of different types of boundary conditions at the inner core boundary (ICB). Unlike previous studies, we show that the boundary condition that is most likely to produce a significant deformation and seismic anisotropy is impermeable, with negligible radial flow through the boundary. Exact analytical solutions are found in the case of a negligible effect of buoyancy forces in the inner core (neutral stratification), while numerical simulations are used to investigate the case of stable stratification. In this situation, the flow induced by the Lorentz force is found to be localized in a shear layer below the ICB, which thickness depends on the strength of the stratification, but not on the magnetic field strength. We obtain scaling laws for the thickness of this layer, as well as for the flow velocity and strain rate in this shear layer as a function of the control parameters, which include the magnitude of the magnetic field, the strength of the density stratification, the viscosity of the inner core, and the growth rate of the inner core. We find that the resulting strain rate is probably too small to produce significant texturing unless the inner core viscosity is smaller than about $10^{12}$ Pa.s.
Vector Fermion-Portal Dark Matter: Direct Detection and Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess

We investigate a neutral gauge boson X originated from a hidden U(1) extension of the standard model as the particle dark matter candidate. The vector dark matter interacts with the standard model fermions through heavy fermion mediators. The interactions give rise to t-channel annihilation cross section in the XX to ff process, which dominates the thermal relic abundance during thermal freeze-out and produces measurable gamma-ray flux in the galactic halo. For a light vector dark matter, if it predominantly couples to the third generation fermions, this model could explain the excess of gamma rays from the galactic center. We show that the vector dark matter with a mass of 20 ~ 40 GeV and that annihilate into the bb and tautau final states provides an excellent description of the observed gamma-ray excess. The parameter space aimed at explaining the gamma-ray excess, could also provide the correct thermal relic density and is compatible with the constraints from electroweak precision data, Higgs invisible decay, and collider searches. We also show the dark matter couplings to the nucleon from the fermion portal interactions are loop-suppressed, and only contribute to the spin-dependent cross section. So the vector dark matter could easily escape the stringent constraints from the direct detection experiments.
Empirical ugri-UBVRc transformations for galaxies

We present empirical color transformations between Sloan Digital Sky Survey ugri and Johnson-Cousins UBVRc photometry for nearby galaxies (D < 11 Mpc). We use the Local Volume Legacy (LVL) galaxy sample where there are 90 galaxies with overlapping observational coverage for these two filter sets. The LVL galaxy sample consists of normal, non-starbursting galaxies. We also examine how well the LVL galaxy colors are described by previous transformations derived from standard calibration stars and model-based galaxy templates. We find significant galaxy color scatter around most of the previous transformation relationships. In addition, the previous transformations show systematic offsets between transformed and observed galaxy colors which are visible in observed color-color trends. The LVL-based $galaxy$ transformations show no systematic color offsets and reproduce the observed color-color galaxy trends.
Über die Zwischensysteme der Aussagenlogik

Die klassische Aussagenlogik ist, bekanntlich, in dem Sinne vollständig, dass die Hinzufügung einer klassisch nicht beweisbaren Formel als Axiom dieses Systems stets einen Widerspruch nach sich zieht. Die Vollständigkeit (in diesem Sinne) kann für intuitionistische Aussagenlogik nicht bestehen, weil noch immer die Formel A ∨ Ā (der Satz vom ausgeschlossenen Dritten) hinzugefügt werden kann. Es steht aber die Frage, ob man aus der intuitionistischen Aussagenlogik durch Hinzufügung einer klassisch beweisbaren und intuitionistisch nicht beweisbaren Formel stets die klassischen Aussagenlogik bekommt.
Enhanced Raman techniques for infection diagnostics

In this paper we describe our recent work in multi-excitation surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (MX-SERS), and its application for robust strain-level bacteria identification. The development of MX-SERS follows directly from our previous work in rapid bacterial identification using multi-excitation Raman spectroscopy (MX-Raman), which enabled highly accurate (up to 99.75%) strain-level distinction of bacteria, including antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria and from within complex media. In this work we use the strong wavelength dependence of both the Raman scattering cross-section and the surface plasmon to demonstrate a novel capability in bacteria identification. Compared to MX-Raman, MX-SERS has up to 8x faster data acquisition speed as well as up to 4000x lower laser power incident on the sample. Furthermore, we fabricate SERS-active substrates with a simple and low-cost fabrication method that can be adapted to fit a chosen wavelength regime. This combination of strain-level sensitivity and high-speed detection, combined with a low-cost SERS substrate, has strong potential applications in clinical diagnostics, and could be integrated within a real-world pathogen detection workflow.
Development of wind Map Over North Korea using the Mesoscale Model WRF

This study investigates the characteristics of surface wind in North Korea using mesoscale model WRF. Hourly wind fields were simulated for one year representing mean characteristics of an 11-years period from 1998 to 2008. The simulations were performed on a nested grid from 27 km to 1 km horizontal resolution. The simulated wind map at 10 m above ground level is verified with 27 surface observations. Statistical verification skill score indicates that wind speed tends to overestimate in surface layer. The average RMSE value of the simulated wind speed is around . Wind map in North Korea showed that strong wind speed is distributed in the mountainous and western coastal region. The results of this wind mapping study contribute for the founding of wind energy potential location.