Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parallel virtual file system

(57) Abstract: parallel virtual file system for parallel processing system is provided with a single-processor system having a plurality of storage devices. The present invention, to manage the classification organization file such as the following: Adding a directory tree classification organization section of the file is stored in the set of the same type "data tree" (1), which is referred to as the "control tree" (2) use, model structure intended by the data tree is built; combination of collection control tree and data tree is called "multi-file system" (10), in a manner that preserves the data structures, multi-file for accessing the system, and to change it, a set of multi-file subroutine (4) is supplied. In an embodiment of the present invention, the interference of a distributed transaction processing protocol to ensure atomicity of structural changes to the multi-file system is avoided by creating a "transaction" locked for each file system.
Labeled UML model fragments composition by the SPL strategy

The software community intends to make use of a standard approach for the software development to not build software product from scratch. This approach ensures a high quality of software with a controllable cost. It affects the whole process of the software development, especially in the early phases e.g. analysis and design. One of the most widespread language to modulate and document those two stages is UML (Unified Modeling Language), but the reuse of the UML model is used in ad-hoc method so why do not build a systematic method for reusing some fragments of UML? To realize it, we need to adopt a reuse approach, so we choose the software product line (SPL), based in collecting variability of the domain (in our case is UML). In fact, UML and SPL have a common issue is the model driven engineering, since both of them based on the modeling approach. This paper overviews the different areas of UML and explains the process of software Product line with its born issues to wit: MDE (Model Driven Engineering) and MDA (Model Driven Architect).
Developments in pseudo‐random number generators

Monte Carlo simulations have become a common practice to evaluate a proposed statistical procedure, particularly when it is analytically intractable. Validity of any simulation study relies heavily on the goodness of random variate generators for some specified distributions, which in turn is based on the successful generation of independent variates from the uniform distribution. However, a typical computer‐generated pseudo‐random number generator (PRNG) is a deterministic algorithm and we know that no PRNG is capable of generating a truly random uniform sequence. Since the foundation of a simulation study is built on the PRNG used, it is extremely important to design a good PRNG. We review some recent developments on PRNGs with nice properties such as high‐dimensional equi‐distribution, efficiency, long period length, portability, and efficient parallel implementations. WIREs Comput Stat 2017, 9:e1404. doi: 10.1002/wics.1404
The effect of major customer type on corporate capital structure

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of governments as major customers on the firm’s capital structure. Our results show that major customer type significantly impacts capital structure. Firms with government (non-government) customers have higher (lower) leverage. The financial condition of firms with major customers offers some explanation: the results are stronger for financially constrained firms. Government (non-government) customers may give supplier firms more flexibility (pressure). The difference in the effect of customer type may be attributed to the differences in the risk associated with each type. Collectively, the findings support the view that dealing with governments as major customers can reduce risk.
Nominal Anchors in the CIS

Monetary policy has become increasingly important in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as fiscal adjustment and structural reforms have taken root. Inflation has been brought down to relatively low levels in almost all of these countries, raising the question of what should be the appropriate nominal anchor at this stage. Formally, almost all CIS countries have floating exchange rate regimes, yet in practice they manage their exchange rates very heavily, perhaps because of high levels of dollarization (i.e., they suffer from fear of floating). This paper explores the issues underlying the choice of a nominal anchor in CIS countries and seeks to assess whether the present mixed regime will prove durable.
A Tunable NIR Filter with Sphere Phase Liquid Crystal

A near-infrared (NIR) filter with sphere phase liquid crystal (SPLC) is proposed, which shows a low operating electric field and large temperature-gradient modulations. The central wavelength of the Bragg reflection can be thermally tuned from 1580 nm to 1324 nm with a temperature-gradient of 42.7 nm/K. Meanwhile, the central wavelength can be electrically tuned over 76 nm within a low operating electric field of 0.3 V/μm. Thus, the SPLC filter may achieve a wavelength variation of 256 nm by thermal modulation and 76 nm by electrical modulation. The SPLC filter shows great potential applications in optical communication devices.
Perceptual aspects exploitation in video data hiding

In this work the features of the Human Visual System (HVS) regarding video sequence fruition, have been analyzed and exploited to understand how to improve a basic methodology for digital watermarking of digital videos. Three different masking approaches have been carried out: one simply based on luminance contrast of each frame, one based on the mean motion activity and the last one based on local motion activity. A comparison among these three methodologies, under the same conditions of video quality, has been carried out. Experimental results are presented and debated.
A Classic Grounded Theory Study exploring the Perceptions of Stress for People who have experienced a Transient Ischaemic Attack

Background. TIA is a well-recognised warning sign of subsequent stroke, but effective management of risk factors can substantially reduce this risk. Stress is a known risk factor for stroke, but there is a lack of research into the role stress plays in TIA. Few studies have explored the relationship between perceived stress and TIA; how stress affects health and well-being; and what actions influence stress. Aim. This research study explored the perceptions of stress for people who have experienced a transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Methods. The study was conducted following a classic grounded theory tradition. Thirteen semistructured interviews were undertaken with people who had experienced a TIA. Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics located in three Scottish Health Boards. Findings. Perceived stress was commonly experienced by participants and was a significant feature throughout their TIA journey. Although it was not universally acknowledged as a contributing cause of their TIA, it did form part of their lived experiences. Stress was an influencing force and its presence or absence contributed to a situation of imbalance or balance of mental and physical health and well-being. The factors that influenced stress could stabilise or destabilise this sense of balance. Equilibrium was the achievement of a balance between these interdependent elements and formed the core category: the equilibrium of health and well-being for the individual. This led to the discovery of the substantive theory: if perceived stress can be effectively self-managed after a TIA, a state of equilibrium can be achieved which supports health and well-being. Conclusions. This study led to new knowledge, bringing awareness and understanding of stress for people who have experienced a TIA, which will improve their health and well-being, and potentially reduce their risk of stroke. The research resulted in the discovery of a new theory that contributes to the advancement of TIA management in clinical practice.
Adaptative memory: the longevity and encoding independence of the animacy effect and its evidence in people with dementia

Distinguishing animates from inanimates is essential for survival. Studies have demonstrated that people recall better animate / living related information (such as animals or humans) over inanimate / nonliving related information (such as objects). This mnemonic advantage is called the “animacy effect”. This project includes three studies that aim to extend the findings on the animacy effect. In Study 1 we collected normative data of animacy for a large set of 224 European Portuguese words and elaborated an animacy database. These data, obtained from 72 participants, allowed us to select the stimuli to be used in the second study. Study 2, which counted with 220 participants, we investigated the longevity of the animacy effect (immediate recall versus 48 hours delayed recall), as well as its independence from encoding instructions (intentional vs. incidental learning). The animacy effect remained significant in both retention intervals and the data revealed that it is independent of encoding. However, two significant interactions were also obtained, one between type of word and encoding and the other between retention interval and encoding. Both interactions were explained by larger effect sizes (Cohen’s d) in the incidental encoding condition over the intentional learning condition. In Study 3 we explored if the animacy effect remains in pathological memory conditions, specifically in patients diagnosed with dementia, as the literature is inconsistent in such field. The study was conducted by consulting data previously collected with 61 people with dementia on the memory item of the Portuguese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. In such item, participants are asked to retain and recall three words that vary in their animacy status (pear, cat and ball). The results revealed a significant animacy effect in a set of patients diagnosed with dementia. As a whole, these studies provide new evidence about the independence of the animacy effect from encoding instructions as well as about its longevity in memory. The present outcomes suggest that this mnemonic advantage is preserved along the human life span (namely in later life) and seems to resist to the cognitive impairment (like dementia, a disease that mainly impairs memory). Furthermore, we make available to other researchers normative data on animacy which should be helpful for those interested in studying this variable in memory or other areas in which it has proven to be important. Generally, our findings reinforce the robustness of the animacy effect through a new set of experimental manipulations and the inclusion of new groups of participants. “Indeed, a creature incapable of distinguishing animates from inanimates would be severely impaired. ” (Opfer & Gelman, 2011, p. 213) Index List of Figures . I List of Tables . I
Implementation of physical environment of sustainable tourism based on tourism village. Case study: Situngkir Village.

The development of the environmental element, which is a component of Sustainable Tourism, becomes a foundation in developing sustainable tourism in Toba Lake. Study of the application of environment’s physic is needed to keep the environment of Toba Lake well maintained so that it provides the needs of the present while ensuring the options still being preserved for future. Pangururan, the capital of Samosir Island, consists of several villages that can be developed into Tourism Village, one of which is the Situngkir village. The attraction which exist in Situngkir Village, Pasir Putih Situngkir, has the potential to increase the number of tourists traveling to the village. Meanwhile, the main cause of this beach being unvisited is because of the untreated condition. The purpose of this research is to develop environment-based Sustainable Tourism to increase the number of tourists and to maintain sustainability in the village. This research uses the mixed method, combining the elements of environment and tourism village followed by direct observations, questionnaires distribution, depth interviews with five key respondents, and interviewing stakeholders in the area. The result shows that there is a lack of public awareness of environmental hygiene that can affect the quality of tourist attractions, as well as lack of facilities to maintain the cleanliness of the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the surrounding community about the importance of quality in a tourist attraction, the provision of adequate facilities, and the need of support from stakeholders in maintaining environmental sustainability in Pasir Putih Situngkir.
Extrapol: Dependent Types and Effects for System Security

In the realm of security, one of the largest challenges is to determine what effects the execution of a program may have on the target system. While numerous tools permit extraction of these effects either during the execution of a program (dynamic analysis) or after its execution (trace analysis), the extraction of effects before the execution (static analysis of effects) from system-level software is largely ignored. In this document, we introduce a technique for this purpose. By extending the theory of types and effects, we demonstrate how to statically determine the set of system calls performed by a program or a library function, as well as their respective targets resources, from a C source code. Two implementations are proposed, one in Java and the other one in OCaml. While this is an on-going work, preliminary results are promising
Using Hadoop to Cluster Data in Energy System

The general target of FiDoop-DP is to help the execution of parallel Frequent Itemset Mining on Hadoop bundles. At the center of FiDoop-DP is the Voronoi diagram based data separating strategy, which abuses connections among trades. Solidifying the likeness metric and the Locality-Sensitive Hashing strategy, FiDoop-DP puts exceedingly similar trades into a data bundle to improve an area without making an inordinate number of overabundance trades. We settle this issue by using pleasant data dividing and the crucial fragments of this work joins execution of k-suggests machine learning gullible bayes computations on the Hadoop Map-Reduce structure, taking care of rough data from certified essentialness systems It relies upon Hadoop. The focal point of Apache Hadoop involves a limit part, called as Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), and a getting ready part called Map Reduce. Hadoop segments records into far reaching squares. It passes on them transversely over centers in a gathering. By using this technique the execution of existing parallel relentless precedent additions.
A Comparison of the Utilization of Health Services in the Presence or Absence of Prescriptive Drug Insurance in a Managed Care Environment

A COMPARISON OF THE UTILIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF PRESCRIPTIVE DRUG INSURANCE IN A MANAGED CARE ENVIRONMENT Martha Groblewski Old Dominion University, 1995 Director: Dr. Lindsay Rettie This study tested if the availability of third party payment for prescriptive drugs as part of employer sponsored health insurance was associated with a change in the utilization of four types of health services in an independent practice association (IPA). The study employed the individual determinants component of the Andersen-Newman theoretical framework for health services utilization. Groups of employees in companies that offered health insurance identical in all ways except for the presence or absence of the prescriptive rider were included in the study which resulted in a population of 122 companies (89 with prescriptive rider insurance and 33 without prescriptive rider insurance) involving 931 members. Two years of claims data were analyzed to identify differences in utilization of primary care providers, urgent care centers, emergency departments and hospitals. Using measures of central tendency to evaluate expenditures, utilization of the relatively lower-cost health services such as visits to the primary care provider and urgent care centers was greater in Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. the group of companies offering the rider benefit than the group of companies that did not include prescriptive drugs as part of the health care benefit. The two groups experienced similar utilization of emergency departments. The average expenditure per company for hospital utilization was 67.8% lower in the group with prescriptive insurance as compared to the group without prescriptive insurance. Taken together, average expenditures per company for the four health services totaled $1573 more for the group without prescriptive insurance as compared to the group with prescriptive insurance. The results of this study suggest that the patient with financial barriers to prescriptive medication may not be utilizing office visits to the primary care provider or urgent care center and raises a question regarding the more costly hospital services that may result. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Fast Name Lookup based on Component State Transfer in Content Centric Networking

Content Centric Networking (CCN) is treated as one of the most representatives of the future Internet architecture structure, in which has attracted attention. Interest Packet forwarding relies on content name instead of IP address, the structure of packet name occur hierarchical and the length of name is unlimited, these pivotal features bring new challenges to meet high speed at large scale. In this paper, Fast Name Lookup based on Component State Transfer in Content Centric Networking(FNLCST) is proposed. Hash function and component coding are combined to construct virtual component Trie, then every component is compiled into unique code. In order to improve performance further, components in the same level in the virtual component Trie are stored to different hash tables according to their lengths, so the great number of children nodes can be dispersed by hash function. In addition, the number of memory access times can be reduced because each node in hash table can be allocated memory with specific size to avoid character pointer. Simulation results show FNLCST can achieve high lookup speed and exhibit good scalability to large-scale prefixes table.
Detection and Blocking of Image Spammers

Spammers continues to uses new methods and the types of email content becomes more difficult, text-based anti-spam methods are not good enough to prevent spam. Spam image making techniques are designed to bypass well-known image spam detection algorithms like optical character recognition (OCR) algorithm. As the use different methods to create image spam are increased, there must be an algorithm to prevent this type of spams. So using the different properties of images attached in the mail like width and height indicated in header of image, the aspect ratio of width and height, file size, image area, compression, owner, colors and file format of image. We can develop an algorithm which is used to detect the spam based images using the properties of the attached images. Also it is maintains a database for email addresses of spammers and blockthe email address based on result of detection process.
APPROACHING ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATIONAL GAMES

The use of games in education necessitates investigations on how to successfully transpose learning objectives and evaluation metrics into game settings, how to effectively assess player performance in the game, and also on how to overcome technical issues associated with the integration of Digital Educational Games (DEG) and Learning Management Systems (LMS). According to Bloom's taxonomy, revised by Anderson in 2001, which is used to develop learning objectives, there are six categories in the cognitive process dimension that should be considered: remember, understand, apply, analyse, evaluate and create. To construct DEGs that assess player's performance in connection with these categories constitute a challenge. Digital games are in essence complex artefacts, whose design and development require extensive efforts both from pedagogical and technical points of view. While methods common to an assessment content are core to many DEGs (rewards, levels, leader boards), creating game assessment mechanisms that are motivating and even disruptive from traditional evaluation methods, and yet can be integrated into formal evaluation processes is still subject to research. This paper examines the design and development of assessment mechanisms for a language learning game, with the purpose of identifying how various assessment mechanisms can be applied in game contexts. The authors also discuss technical issues associated with interconnecting games and LMSs, exploring the possibility to automatically upload assessment criteria into the game and integrate game assessment reports into the LMS. This approach targets to implement a new level of flexibility in game development processes, enabling tutors to customize the assessment mechanisms within the game.
PhD revisited: Students’ Perceptions of Democracy, Politics, and Citizenship Preparation and Implications for Social Studies Education

While several studies have investigated young people’s attitudes towards and participation in democracy and politics, as well as the influence of citizenship education on young people’s political participation, few studies have explored students’ perceptions of the concepts of democracy and politics and their own perceptions of citizenship education. The purpose of this study is to investigate the theme of democracy and politics in social studies in upper secondary school. Methodologically, this study relied on multiple methods of data collection and analysis to investigate students’ perceptions: Qualitative focus groups and interviews and a quantitative survey. To analyse students’ perceptions, I drew on citizenship education literature, focusing on the role and teaching of school subjects such as social studies, as well as political theory, focusing on theoretical perspectives on the concepts of democracy and politics. The findings show that the students perceived ‘democracy’ and ‘politics’ both in terms of top-down notions of government and other political institutions and bottom-up perspectives focused on discussions and other non-institutional aspects of democratic politics. Moreover, the findings indicate that students perceived social studies as valuable in terms of preparing them for current and future citizenship and that their enjoyment and aspects of instruction were most strongly associated with these perceptions.