Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MP-2.235 Assays of Genetic Expression in Tumor Tissue as a Technique to Determine Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer MP-2.280 Genetic and Protein Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Assessment of Prostate Cancer

The use of circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells is considered investigational and therefore not covered for all indications. There is insufficient evidence to support a conclusion concerning the health outcomes or benefits associated with this procedure. Cross-reference: MP-2.235 Assays of Genetic Expression in Tumor Tissue as a Technique to Determine Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer MP-2.280 Genetic and Protein Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Assessment of Prostate Cancer
Residual Seasonality in GDP and GDI: Findings and Next Steps

T HE BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (BEA) has long adjusted its widely followed estimates of quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) and gross do­ mestic income (GDI) to account for seasonality.1 Sea­ sonal adjustment involves a set of statistical methods designed to remove fluctuations that normally occur at about the same time and the same magnitude each year. Seasonal adjustment allows for economic series that are often easier to interpret and analyze because they are not affected by routine seasonal patterns due to factors such as seasonal weather patterns and holi­ days. Quarterly data on consumer spending, for exam­ ple, are easier to compare and analyze if the effects of the holiday shopping season are removed. In early 2015, several reports noted that over the last decade or longer, first-quarter GDP has tended to grow, on average, at a slower pace, compared with other quarters. Analysts debated the extent to which this phenomenon reflects special factors, such as un­ usually harsh winter weather, and/or “residual season­
Molecular and Imaging Diagnostic Techniques for Urinary Tract Infections: Modern Approaches

In developing countries, the frequent failure of the available phenotypic approaches for laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections in providing results at the point where medical care is mostly required, becomes a major barrier to efficient antibiotic treatment and management of urinary tract infections in the public health sector. This review therefore focuses on molecular and imaging diagnostic techniques for urinary tract infection as rapid and effective modern approaches requires in health care delivery. Currently, available laboratory diagnoses of urinary tract infection in developing countries are mostly phenotypic approaches, and takes not less than two-four days before completion and result made available for appropriate treatment. From literature, it is apparent that these old-century approaches produce portion of patients’ result that does not fit the true picture; and the techniques had been found with more disadvantages than advantages. Molecular approaches are now emerging as modern laboratory test techniques which enable rapid and effective diagnosis of urinary tract infection with Biosensor, Microfluidics, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and other integrated platforms technologies. These emerging technologies could improve urinary tract infection diagnosis via direct pathogen detection from urine samples, rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing, high precision and point of care testing in public health sector. Imaging techniques have also been so useful in identifying risk factors and abnormalities that can be modified; to decrease likelihood of recurrent (upper) UTI; and to reduce risk of renal scarring. These approaches however, had proved so successful that seems they will replace old-century testing methods, and hence, provides efficient antibiotic treatment and management; therefore, saving health care costs and valuable diagnosis time.
Paranasal sinus tumors: Peter maccallum cancer institute experience

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the local control, pattern of recurrence, overall survival, and prognostic factors of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) and nasal cavity (NC) presenting to our center for curative treatment over a 10‐year period.
Extended Named Entity Hierarchy

The tagging of Named Entities (NE), the names of particular things or classes and numeric expressions, is regarded as an important component technology for many NLP applications. These applications include Information Extraction, from which it was born, QuestionAnswering, Summarization and Information Retrieval. However, up to now, the number of NE types has been quite limited, 7 in MUC, 8 in IREX and 5 in the ACE program. Many more kinds of things have proper names or proper classes of expressions, and also finer distinctions are needed for some applications. We now propose a Named Entity hierarchy which contains about 150 NE types. The focus of this paper is the design of the hierarchy and we would like to provide this resource for any application. We report the design and development procedure of the hierarchy.
Cross-species induction of luminescence in the quorum-sensing bacterium Vibrio harveyi

Different species of bacteria were tested for production of extracellular autoinducer-like activities that could stimulate the expression of the luminescence genes in Vibrio harveyi. Several species of bacteria, including the pathogens Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, were found to produce such activities. Possible physiological roles for the two V. harveyi detection-response systems and their joint regulation are discussed.
Static and dynamic deformations of thick functionally graded elastic plates by using higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory and meshless local Petrov – Galerkin method

Static deformations, and free and forced vibrations of a thick rectangular functionally graded elastic plate are analyzed by using a higherorder shear and normal deformable plate theory (HOSNDPT) and a meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method. All components of the stress tensor are computed from equations of the plate theory. The plate material, made of two isotropic constituents, is assumed to be macroscopically isotropic with material properties varying in the thickness direction only. Effective material moduli are computed by using the Mori–Tanaka homogenization technique. Computed results for static and free vibration problems are found to agree well with their analytical solutions. The response of the plate to impulse loads is also computed for different volume fractions of the two constituents. Contributions of the work include the use of the HOSNDPT and the MLPG method for the analysis of functionally graded plates. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS): (rt‐PA—Thrombolysis in acute stroke) study design and progress report

At present, no therapy for acute ischemic stroke has been established. Vascular occlusions are demonstrated in up to 75–90% of ischemic stroke patients, and it is assumed that rapid lysis of the causal vascular occlusion will improve outcome of ischemic stroke. The purpose of the ECASS study is to evaluate whether thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, alteplase, improves outcome compared to a placebo‐treated control group. Patients with acute ischemic hemispheric stroke in whom intravenous rt‐PA (alteplase) could be initiated within 6 h from the onset of symptoms were evaluated by neurological examination and cerebral computed tomographic scans (CT scans) of the brain. Patients fulfilling inclusion criteria and not meeting any exclusion criteria were, after informed consent, treated by 1.1 mg rt‐PA per kg body weight (max 100 mg) intravenously or placebo. No angiographic evaluation was included in the trial. In total, 623 patients were randomized in 14 European countries. In addition, 81 patients were treated in an open pilot phase with the active drug. Treatment effect was evaluated using the Barthel Index and the Modified Rankin Scale at 90 ± 7 days in both an intention‐to‐treat analysis and an explanatory analysis. The clinical course was evaluated by repeated neurological ratings on the Scandinavian Stroke Scale. Adverse events (intracranial hemorrhage or cerebral edema) were evaluated by repeating CT scans at 24 h and at 7 days. Recruitment was terminated in March 1994. Follow‐up evaluations were terminated in late June 1994. The first unblinded results are expected in February 1995. Overall mortality was 18.5% in the pilot study and 18.9% in the randomized trial. The incidence of cerebral bleeding complications associated with clinical deterioration was 11.1% (pilot) and 6.5% (randomized trial).
Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas pseudomallei flagellin proteins

Flagellin proteins from several different strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei have been isolated and purified to homogeneity by mechanical shearing and differential centrifugation techniques. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielded flagellin monomer protein bands with an estimated M(r) of 43,400. No lipopolysaccharide contamination of the purified protein preparations was detectable by silver staining of flagellin displayed on polyacrylamide gels and by Western immunoblotting with P. pseudomallei antilipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the flagellin protein of P. pseudomallei 319a revealed significant homology with flagellins from Proteus mirabilis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK. Rabbit polyclonal antiserum raised against the 319a flagellin protein reacted with 64 of 65 P. pseudomallei strains tested. The polyclonal antiserum proved effective in inhibiting the motility of these organisms in motility agar plates. Passive immunization studies demonstrated that 319a flagellin-specific antiserum was capable of protecting diabetic rats from challenge with a heterologous P. pseudomallei strain.
In vitro CD4+ lymphocyte transformation and infection in a rabbit model with a molecular clone of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1

We transfected human and rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with the ACH molecular clone of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) to study its in vitro and in vivo properties. PBMC transfected with ACH were shown to transfer infection to naive PBMC. ACH transformed rabbit PBMC, as indicated by interleukin-2-independent proliferation of a transfectant culture. This transformant culture was shown by flow cytometric analysis to be a CD4+ CD25+ T-lymphocyte population containing, as determined by Southern blot analysis, at least three integrated HTLV-1 proviral copies. HTLV-1 infection was produced in rabbits inoculated with ACH-transfected, irradiated PBMC. Inoculated rabbits seroconverted to positivity for antibodies against HTLV-1 and had steady or rising HTLV-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titers. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis revealed sustained seroconversion of rabbits to positivity for antibodies against all major viral antigenic determinants. Infection of rabbits was further demonstrated by antigen capture assay of p24 in PBMC and lymph node cultures and PCR amplification of proviral sequences from PBMC. These data suggest that ACH, like wild-type HTLV-1, infects and transforms primary CD4+ T lymphocytes and is infectious in vivo. This clone will facilitate investigations into the role of viral genes on biological properties of HTLV-1 in vitro and in vivo.
C ONS 2 V : A Generic Framework for Incorporating Extra-Sentential Context into Sen 2 Vec

We present a novel approach to learn distributed representation of sentences from unlabeled data by modeling both content and context of a sentence. The content model learns sentence representation by predicting its words. On the other hand, the context model comprises a neighbor prediction component and a regularizer to model distributional and proximity hypotheses, respectively. We propose an online algorithm to train the model components jointly. We evaluate the models in a setup, where contextual information is available. The experimental results on tasks involving classification, clustering, and ranking of sentences show that our model outperforms the best existing models by a wide margin across multiple datasets.
A Distributed Memory Model of the Associative Boost in Semantic Priming

Abstract Evidence from priming studies indicates that both semantic and associative relations between pairs of words facilitate word recognition, and that pairs of words related in both ways (e.g. hammer-nail, cat-dog) produce an additional ‘associative boost’. We argue that while semantic priming may result from overlapping patterns of micro-features in a distributed memory model (e.g. Masson, 1991), associative priming is a result of frequent co-occurrence of words in the language. We describe a simple recurrent network, with distributed phonological and semantic representations, which is sensitive to the sequential occurrence of phonological patterns during training, and which produces associative facilitation of word recognition in a simulation of the priming task.
Localisation géographique, commerce international et diffusion des connaissances technologiques

Ce travail propose d'etudier l'impact de la localisation geographique sur les importations en tant que mecanisme de diffusion de connaissances technologiques et sur le rattrapage technologique des pays en developpement. L'utilisation d'un modele gravitationnel et d'un modele de diffusion technologique permettent de constater que le critere de proximite geographique explique significativement les importations des pays en developpement et determine dans une large mesure leur rattrapage technologique vis-a-vis des pays de la frontiere technologique (pays du G6). L'adaptation des modeles proposes par Coe et Helpman (1995) et Coe, Helpman & Hoffmaiester (1997) montre toutefois que la diffusion de connaissances technologiques demeure negligeable pour les pays dont les importations sont issues de partenaires commerciaux developpes et physiquement proches.
The Structure of Atonal Music

Atonal music, the remarkable new music created by Arnold Schoenberg, his students Webern and Berg, and other major composers immediately before and after World War I, is generally regarded as critical for subsequent developments in modern music. The present work is the first to set forth a general theoretical framework for the systematic description of the processes underlying this music. The author describes the elemental transformations and relations that provide the basis for cohesive and coherent musical structure. He first presents the basic ideas (pitch-class sets and relations) and the connections between them and then brings these concepts within the scope of a general model of structure (the pitch-class set complex). Throughout, the significance and musical relevance of the theoretical constructs are documented by many excerpts from the large repertory of atonal music.
The Role of Albumin in the Management of Hepatorenal Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Objective:�Toevaluatetheavailableevidencesupport- ingtheuseofalbuminfordiagnosisandtreatmentof� hepatorenalsyndrome�(HRS). •� Methods:� WesearchedMEDLINE,� EMBASE,� and� theCochraneLibraryforarticlespublishedinEng- lishbetween� 1966� andMarch� 2013. � Toevaluate� theroleofalbumininthediagnosisofHRS,� we� lookedfortrialscomparingalbumintootherplasma� expanders. � Toevaluatetheroleofalbumininthe� treatmentofHRS,� welookedfortrialscompar- ingvasoconstrictorplusalbumintovasoconstrictor� alone. � •� Results:�Therewerenotrialsevaluatingtheefficacy� ofalbuminversusothervolumeexpandersinthe� diagnosisofHRS. �Therewere�4�studies�(allnonran- domized)�withatotal�169�patientscomparingtheim- provementincreatinineinHRSpatientstreatedwith� vasoconstrictor�(terlipressin)�plusalbumintovasocon- strictoralone. �Intheterlipressinplusalbumingroup,� theresponserate� (definedasanyimprovementin� creatininefrombaseline)� was� 65.5%� vs� 46.8%� in� terlipressinalonegroup. �Intheonlystudy�(total�21� patients)�wheresurvivaldatawasavailable,�survival� rateat�1�monthwashigherinthevasoconstrictorplus� albumingroup�(92%�vs.�25%). �Aformalmeta-analysis� wasnotperformedduetothelackofrandomizedcon- trolledstudiesandheterogeneityinstudydesignsand� outcomedefinition. •� Conclusions:� Theuseofalbuminalongwithterli- pressinsignificantlyimprovedtheresponserates� (definedasanydecreaseinserumcreatinine)� in� patientswithHRSwhencomparedwithterlipressin� alone. �ThereisinsufficientdatatocommentonHRS� reversalrate�(definedasdecreaseinserumcreati- ninetobelow�1.5�mg/dL)�andimpactonsurvival. �We� foundnoevidencetosupportuseofalbuminover�
Stochastic control, entropic interpolation and gradient flows on Wasserstein product spaces

Since the early nineties, it has been observed that the Schroedinger bridge problem can be formulated as a stochastic control problem with atypical boundary constraints. This in turn has a fluid dynamic counterpart where the flow of probability densities represents an entropic interpolation between the given initial and final marginals. In the zero noise limit, such entropic interpolation converges in a suitable sense to the displacement interpolation of optimal mass transport (OMT). We consider two absolutely continuous curves in Wasserstein space ${\cal W}_2$ and study the evolution of the relative entropy on ${\cal W}_2\times {\cal W}_2$ on a finite time interval. Thus, this study differs from previous work in OMT theory concerning relative entropy from a fixed (often equilibrium) distribution (density). We derive a gradient flow on Wasserstein product space. We find the remarkable property that fluxes in the two components are opposite. Plugging in the "steepest descent" into the evolution of the relative entropy we get what appears to be a new formula: The two flows approach each other at a faster rate than that of two solutions of the same Fokker-Planck. We then study the evolution of relative entropy in the case of uncontrolled-controlled diffusions. In two special cases of the Schroedinger bridge problem, we show that such relative entropy may be monotonically decreasing or monotonically increasing.
Cost-effectiveness and data envelopment analysis

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) identifies price and technical inefficiencies among decision-making units. With controls for differences in case-mix and standardized outcomes, DEA's ldquo;best practice” frontier can be interpreted as a “cost-effectiveness” frontier. This study illustrates the hey concepts, identifies the decisions required to use the technique for medical care decision making, and presents an application to a system of nine hospitals that offer obstetric services.
The Impact of QT Lag Compensation on Dynamic Assessment of Ventricular Repolarization: Reproducibility and the Impact of Lead Selection

LANG, C.C. E. , et al.: The Impact of QT Lag Compensation on Dynamic Assessment of Ventricular Repolarization: Reproducibility And The Impact of Lead Selection. In cardiac disease, abnormalities exist in the rate‐corrected QT interval and the relationship between QT and heart rate. The QT/RR relationship is known to be dynamic and show circadian variation. The availability of automated methods for measurement of QT and RR intervals allows monitoring of the QT/RR relationship and may provide insights into arrhythmia onset. Using a method for analyzing 24‐hour recordings that incorporates beat‐by‐beat QT and RR measurement and an automated mechanism for compensating for lag in adaptation of QT to changes in RR, the authors evaluated the impact of lag compensation on assessment of the QT/RR relationship, reproducibility, and the effect of lead selection in 15 normal subjects. The QT/RR relationship is continuously estimated from the lag compensated data over a 5‐minute scrolling time frame. The relationship is expressed as an exponential formula, QT = QTo · RRJ where QTo is the QT interval at a standardized RR interval of 1 second and J is a variable exponent. We found that the use of lag compensation significantly improves the mean 24‐hour correlation between QT and RR data (r = 0.87 vs 0.65). The 24‐ hour mean of QTo and J were highly reproducible (coefficients of variation 2% and 8%, respectively). The mean 24‐hour QT/RR relationship for the population was QT = 0.415 · (RR)0.32. There was a small difference between leads in QTo and J. Compensating for QT adaptation lag provides a means of assessing the QT/RR relationship over long and short periods. This method allows investigation of the effect of acute interventions on the dynamic QT/RR relationship, which has previously been restricted by the presence of QT hysteresis.
Fast Backprojections from the Motion to the Primary Visual Area Necessary for Visual Awareness

Much is known about the pathways from photoreceptors to higher visual areas in the brain. However, how we become aware of what we see or of having seen at all is a problem that has eluded neuroscience. Recordings from macaque V1 during deactivation of MT+/V5 and psychophysical studies of perceptual integration suggest that feedback from secondary visual areas to V1 is necessary for visual awareness. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe the timing and function of feedback from human area MT+/V5 to V1 and found its action to be early and critical for awareness of visual motion.
The Development of Visual P3a and P3b

The relationship of visual P3a and P3b to age and neuropsychological performance was investigated in 26 healthy children (6.8–15.8 years) and 129 adult volunteers (20.0–88.8 years). Within the sample of children, an effect of age on midline topography was observed, with higher frontal amplitudes in the youngest compared to the oldest children. Increasing age was associated with lower P3a and P3b amplitude and shorter P3b latency at Fz. Performance on neuropsychological tests (matrix reasoning from WASI, digit span from WAIS, word order and hand movement from Kaufman) was only weakly associated with measures of P3a and P3b. The analyses were then repeated with the full life-span sample (n = 155). It was found that for P3a, amplitude decreased and latency increased with age. For P3b, the pattern was more complex, with a nonlinear amplitude reduction and no latency change with age. It appears that the development of P3a in children represents the start of processes that later continue in the adult life-span, but that the automatic processes indexed by P3a seems to mature earlier than the controlled processes reflected by P3b. Finally, it was demonstrated that the relationships between neuropsychological test scores (matrix reasoning, digit span) and P3 parameters were complex, following a mix of linear and nonlinear patterns. It is suggested that the neuropsychological significance of the different P3a and P3b parameters may change from childhood to the adult life-span.
In vivo cerebral metabolism and central benzodiazepine‐receptor binding in temporal lobe epilepsy

Positron emission tomography measured interictal cerebral glucose metabolism with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and central benzodiazepine-receptor binding with [11C]flumazenil in 10 mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and in normal subjects. Eight TLE patients had mesial temporal, lateral temporal, and thalamic hypometabolism ipsilateral to EEG ictal onsets, with additional extratemporal hypometabolism in four. One had unilateral anterior mesial temporal hypometabolism only, and one had normal metabolism. Each patient had decreased benzodiazepine-receptor binding in the ipsilateral anterior mesial temporal region, without neocortical changes. Thus, interictal metabolic dysfunction is variable and usually extensive in TLE, whereas decreased central benzodiazepine-receptor density is more restricted to mesial temporal areas. Metabolic patterns in TLE may reflect diaschisis, while benzodiazepine-receptor changes may reflect localized neuronal and synaptic loss that is specific to the epileptogenic zone. [11C]Flumazenil imaging maybe useful in presurgical evaluation of refractory complex partial seizures.