Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality of marinated shrimps: Influence of treatment, recipe and species characterised by physical measurements

The influence of processing treatments and additives on textural, water binding and colour attributes of marinated deep water pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) was determined. In addition, different shrimp types, brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) and deep water pink shrimp (PL) were compared regarding their textural, water binding and colour attributes after heat treatment to get an impression how different raw materials can influence the quality of the marinated end product. Texture measurement was performed as instrumental texture profile analysis using a texture analyser TA.XT2. Different texture parameters (hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and elasticity) were measured by double compression of the shrimps. Force of extrusion as well as Warner Bratzler shear force were also estimated. Water binding capacity was determined as expressible moisture and colour measurements were performed using a tristimulus ChromaMeter CR 300. Among the investigated variables, the marination time showed the highest influence on the textural parameters of marinated PL, whereas surprisingly almost no influence on texture parameters resulted from pre-treatment with sodium tripolyphosphate. A minor influence of all variables on the water binding capacity of marinated PL was observed, while colour values were affected moderately. Compared with refrigerated, vacuum-packed, cooked retail samples of brown shrimps (CC) differences in texture and colour were too obvious to allow a substitution of CC by PL due to completely different product characteristics.
Inonotus hispidus fruiting bodies on grapevines with ESCA symptoms in Mediterranean areas of Spain.

SUMMARY In 2005-2007, vineyards affected by esca disease were surveyed in the provinces of Alicante and Valencia (south-east of Spain). The presence of resupinate, hymenochaetaceous basidiocarps was observed on the trunks of vines that displayed typical esca symptoms as well as in apparently healthy plants. Vines showing fruiting bodies represented 40% of the total esca-diseased plants and were randomly distributed in the several vineyards surveyed. Using classical and molecular identification methods, the fungus producing the observed basidiocarps was recognized as Inonotus hispidus, whose pathogenicity was tested by in vitro inoculation of healthy vines with fresh inoculum of six different isolates. Although I. hispidus has been previously reported from Vitis spp. , to our knowledge this is the first record of the presence of its fruiting bodies on esca-diseased vines in Spain.
Single-node stem cuttings from root suckers to propagate a potentially dwarfing rootstock for japanese persimmon.

A potentially dwarfing rootstock for japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) was propagated by single-node stem cuttings taken from root suckers. When a mature tree was cut down at ground level and part of the roots was exposed to the air, numerous suckers formed on the exposed parts of the roots. Singlenode stem cuttings 3 to 4 cm (1.2 to 1.6 inches) long survived and rooted better than 10-cm (3.9-inch) and 25cm (9.8-inch) leafy stem cuttings with several buds. Dipping cuttings in 3000 mg·L–1 (ppm) IBA for 5 s or in 25 mg·L–1 IBA for 24 h resulted in similar rooting. Most of the singlenode stem cuttings taken in late-June and July survived and rooted well, whereas those prepared in late August rooted poorly and few survived. The survival and rooting percentages were unaffected by the position on the suckers (top vs. base) from which cuttings were taken. High relative
Control of the Expression of AV‐1 Protein, a Position‐Specific Antigen, by ZPA (Zone of Polarizing Activity) Factor in the Chick Limb Bud

AV‐1 protein is a molecule which shows position‐specific expression during chick limb development, and is expected to have some important roles in limb pattern formation. In this study, to examine whether the ZPA (Zone of polarizing activity) effects the expression of the AV‐1 protein, we have removed or grafted the ZPA in chick limb buds and observed AV‐1 expression. Anterior halves of the limb buds which lack a ZPA were used as hosts. In such anterior halves, AV‐1 expression was initially observed in distal mesodermal cells including the cut surface. These anterior halves were combined with ZPA fragments, anterior fragments, posterior half limb buds, or left to develop alone, and the distribution of AV‐1 expression was examined. The results of these experiments show that AV‐1 expression requires the ZPA, and that expression occurs in the distal mesodermal cells certain distance from the ZPA.
The role of the blood-brain barrier and multidrug transporters in pharmacoresistant epilepsy : studies in a rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy

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Behavioural variation in juvenile Arctic charr in relation to body size

Young Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus, derived from one male and one female only from LakeO¨lvesvatn in northern Iceland (a stock that has been popular in Icelandic aquaculture), showedlarge variance in body size, primarily as a consequence of variable egg size. Shortly after the onsetof exogenous feeding, large fish (0 11–0 14g) were more active and fed mainly from the watersurface.Smallfish (0 06–0 09g)moved less andmade fewer foragingattempts. Theyspent most ofthe time on the bottom, and foraged equally on the bottom and surface. These findings can beused to improve growth and performance of juveniles in rearing tanks.
Monitoring of a Reintroduced Population of Juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtles

Abstract Reintroduction is a common management tool for conserving imperiled species, but many reintroductions have included little or no postrelease assessment of project success. The alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) is a long-lived species that has experienced significant declines throughout its range, although suitable habitat remains. We report the findings of a reintroduction effort that was initiated in 2008 near the northwestern limit of the species' range. Two hundred forty-six M. temminckii were released into the Caney River and its tributary, Pond Creek, from 2008 to 2010. All turtles exhibited measurable growth by their first recapture 1–3 yrs after release, and no decline in body condition was observed, either in comparison to prerelease body condition or to the condition of animals in the same cohorts that remained in captivity. Apparent survival and recapture probabilities increased with age. Apparent survivorship values were higher for turtles released in the main channel of the Caney River, but recapture probabilities were higher in its tributary. Ultimately, survivorship values may have been influenced by low recapture rates and emigration, in addition to mortality.
Primary structure of the brain alpha-spectrin [published erratum appears in J Cell Biol 1989 Mar;108(3):following 1175]

We have determined the nucleotide sequence coding for the chicken brain alpha-spectrin. It is derived both from the cDNA and genomic sequences, comprises the entire coding frame, 5' and 3' untranslated sequences, and terminates in the poly(A)-tail. The deduced amino acid sequence was used to map the domain structure of the protein. The alpha-chain of brain spectrin contains 22 segments of which 20 correspond to the repeat of the human erythrocyte spectrin (Speicher, D. W., and V. T. Marchesi. 1984. Nature (Lond.). 311:177-180. ), typically made of 106 residues. These homologous segments probably account for the flexible, rod-like structure of spectrin. Secondary structure prediction suggests predominantly alpha-helical structure for the entire chain. Parts of the primary structure are excluded from the repetitive pattern and they reside in the middle part of the sequence and in its COOH terminus. Search for homology in other proteins showed the presence of the following distinct structures in these nonrepetitive regions: (a) the COOH-terminal part of the molecule that shows homology with alpha- actinin, (b) two typical EF-hand (i.e., Ca2+-binding) structures in this region, (c) a sequence close to the EF-hand that fulfills the criteria for a calmodulin-binding site, and (d) a domain in the middle of the sequence that is homologous to a NH2-terminal segment of several src-tyrosine kinases and to a domain of phospholipase C. These regions are good candidates to carry some established as well as some yet unestablished functions of spectrin. Comparative analysis showed that alpha-spectrin is well conserved across the species boundaries from Xenopus to man, and that the human erythrocyte alpha-spectrin is divergent from the other spectrins.
Distribution records of aphids (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) associated with main forest-forming trees in Northern Europe

We report records of 25 species of aphids collected from four species of woody plants (Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pubescens and B. pendula) at 50 study sites in Northern Europe, located from 59° to 70° N and from 10° to 60° E. Critical evaluation of earlier publications demonstrated that in spite of the obvious limitations of our survey, the obtained information substantially contributed to the knowledge of the distribution of aphids in North European Russia, including Murmansk oblast (103 species recorded to date), Republic of Karelia (58 species), Arkhangelsk oblast (37 species), Vologda oblast (17 species) and Republic of Komi (29 species). We confirm the occurrence of Cinara nigritergi in Southern Karelia; Pineus cembrae, Cinara pilosa and Monaphis antennata are for the first time recorded in Norway.
Micromorphological studies on nutlet and leaf indumentum of genus Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae) in Iran

The micromorphology of leaf indumentum and nutlet surface of 12 species belonging to the 6 sections of the genus Teucrium L. was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Eight types of trichomes are identified including unbranched unicellular trichomes, unbranched multicellular trichomes, sessile glands, subsessile glands, stalked-multicellular glands long clavate glandular trichomes (with 3-5 cells), trichomes with large thin-wall, trichomes with non-micropapillate basal cell, which are the most general types on the adaxial side of the leaves, and branched trichome with long axis is the exclusive type and present in Teucrium polium L. Thus, trichomes can be used as a distinctive taxonomic character in species classification. Nutlet shapes in most species are elliptic-ovate, the surface of which is polygonal with different ornamentations and wall thickness, and the indumentum varies in different species, but it has some significant similarities within the sections. The absence or presence of the indumentum and its different types has high taxonomical values among the species.
Coccinellid interactions mediated by vegetation heterogeneity

Environmental heterogeneity can have profound effects on agroecosystem function and it is important for improving ecosystem services such as biological control. Promoting system diversity via non‐crop plants is one method for increasing habitat heterogeneity within farmscapes. Non‐crop plants provide access to refuges and alternative food resources provide multiple benefits to enhance populations of arthropod predators. In this study, we examined the effects of small‐scale spatial structure on life‐stage specific interactions between the native coccinellid, Hippodamia convergensGuérin‐Méneville, and the exotic Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (both Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), which overlap in spatial distribution in many crop systems. Squash [Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucurbitaceae)] and non‐crop mugwort [Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asteraceae)] plants with and without aphids were used as a model of spatial heterogeneity in micro‐ and mesocosm experiments. In response to factorial treatment combinations, we evaluated oviposition behavior, egg predation, larval survival, and larval predator‐prey and predator‐predator interactions. Adult H. convergens displayed higher foraging activity on aphids when exposed to complex habitats containing a non‐crop plant. In the presence of the exotic coccinellid, H. convergens preferred to deposit eggs on the non‐crop plant. Furthermore, a combination of spatial heterogeneity and prey availability reduced larval intraguild predation and cannibalism, and improved reproductive output of H. convergens by reducing intra‐ and interspecific egg predation. Our results provide evidence that life‐stage‐specific intraguild interactions are mediated by access to non‐crop plants. Thus, the introduction or maintenance of non‐crop plants has the potential to enhance coexistence of multiple natural enemies and improve top‐down control of pests.
A comparative evaluation of rehydration and cup- loading sample application for modified two- dimensional gel electrophoresis of human serum proteins using immobilized pH gradient

Proteomics is a powerful technique to study proteomes extracted from biological sources. Proteome analysis classically is based on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-E) for protein separation and mass spectrometry (MS) for the protein identification. The serum protein analysis is a useful diagnosis that can be used as an indicator of the physiological or clinical status of a patient. One of the central and critical steps is sample application, therefore this method should be considered and optimized for 2-DE with immobilized pH gradient. The aim of this study was focused on comparative application of ingel (rehydration loading) and in-cup (cup loading) sample application for 2-DE of human serum analysis. The results indicate that the number of spots detected with the rehydration loading was higher than the number obtained by cup-loading sample application. Also in this work, in order to obtain the best result with high resolution, a 2-DE procedure was optimized.
An Epizootic of Haplosporidium nelsoni in the Eastern Oysters Crassostrea virginica Collected from the Connecticut Coastline in 1986 and 1987: An Examination of Archived Slides

ABSTRACT Massive mortalities of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica were observed in 1984 and 1985 along Connecticut's shoreline in Long Island Sound. An archived collection of histological slides was discovered which contained sections of oysters sampled for the late Dr. Sung Feng at the University of Connecticut in response to the oyster mortality event. Oysters from the Hammonasset River, East River, Tom's Creek, and Pawcatuck River were collected for histopathological examination between June of 1986 and December of 1987. A reference sample was collected from Mecox Bay on the Atlantic shore of Long Island, NY. The slide collection consisted of 781 oysters, 59 of which were gapers. Examination of the slides, performed decades later, revealed an epizootic of Haplosporidium nelsoni. The highest prevalence of H. nelsoni occurred in the Hammonasset River in June of 1987 with a 52% prevalence.No H. nelsoni was detected in the reference sample from Mecox Bay, NY. While H. nelsoni plasmodia were detected in 41% of the gapers, 80% of had a terminal infection. Dr. Fengs's archived slide collection demonstrates a wide-spread H. nelsoni epizootic in the mid-1980s in Long Island Sound and establishes the involvement of H. nelsoni in the observed oyster mortalities.
Mycobacteria in water, feedstocks and food: analysis of publications

Papers on mycobacteria in food, feed and water, published between 1945 and 2010 and indexed in the database Web of Science ® (Thomson Reuters) were ranked according to authors, institutions, countries and source titles. The total number of papers on mycobacteria and food and mycobacteria and water were 1486 and 1419, respectively. More than 40% of papers have been published in the last five years. In addition to publications in peer reviewed journals the archives of ProMED-mail and the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed of the European Union were also searched. It is evident that much attention is being paid to mycobacteria in food, feed and water as they likely pose a public health risk.
Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Crop Water Productivity of the Rainfed Wheat for a Regional Scale Analysis

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Crop Water Productivity of the Rainfed Wheat for a Regional Scale Analysis Water productivity is a suitable indicator in water potential analysis at a location. Hence in this study, changes in water use and productivity are studied in spatial and temporal scale simultaneously. Temporal changes in water productivity in Hamedan region (Iran), was determined with Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). To estimate regional water productivity, GIS and Kassam method were coupled to estimate the potential yield of rainfed wheat. Thus, layers of radiation and temperature were created using geo-statistical subprogram in GIS environment and subsequently, potential yield for the entire area were determined. To determine actual evapotranspiration, the region was discrete into homogeneous areas using Thieson method in Arcinfo software, and potential evapotranspiration of the crops were calculated by Cropwat software. Using the method recommended by FAO, these values were converted to actual evapotranspiration. The map of spatial coverage of the water productivity was prepared for the whole region by overlapping the two layers: the potential yield and the actual evapotranspiration. Results of this study indicate that the combined analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics is advantageous. This can help in carrying an effective analysis and results in a broader knowledge of the indicators under consideration. Amount of water productivity in drought condition in comparison with the other two conditions was higher and from geographical point of view, the southern parts of the region have higher potential production when compared to other locations of the province. The analysis shows that the variation in amount of active radiation received by the earth surface is causing these differences.
The physiological impact of bisphenol A on the developmental and reproductive processes of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under LD and SD photoperiods

In this study, we examined the physiological impact of bisphenol A (BPA) on the developmental and reproductive processes of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under 16L:8D (long day, LD) and 10L:14D (short day, SD) photoperiods. Larvae were continuously exposed to different concentrations of BPA (1, 10, and 100 μg/L) applied in their artificial diets, under LD and SD conditions. During LD photoperiod, increased pupal weights were observed in insects grown in culture media with the higher dose of 100 μg/L BPA. The morphological effects of BPA on the reproductive system of S. nonagrioides were also evaluated. Testis size was significantly decreased, while ovaries’ size was increased in BPA-treated animals. The sex ratio shifted in favor of females when the larvae were exposed to BPA. During SD photoperiod, the BPA exposure significantly decreased larval weight. Additionally, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were used to identify the effects of BPA in the transcriptional regulation of heat shock protein genes SnoHsp20.8, SnoHsc70, and SnoHsp83 during SD conditions. During diapause conditions, the expression levels of SnoHsp20.8 and SnoHsp83 were not affected by BPA, while SnoHsc70 mRNA levels were decreased. Here, we observed a differential impact of BPA during non-diapausing and diapausing conditions. Our results revealed the physiological impact of environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA in S. nonagrioides.
Consumer and resource diversity effects on marine macroalgal decomposition

Few manipulative experiments that explicitly test the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function have focussed on regenerative processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. Of the studies that have taken place, most have concentrated on the effects of leaf litter diversity rather than the effects of consumer diversity on decomposition. In the present study, we established an in-situ mesocosm experiment on an intertidal mudflat in the Ythan Estuary, Scotland, to investigate the interactive effects of consumer diversity, resource diversity and microbial activity on algal consumption and decomposition. We assembled communities of three commonly occurring macrofaunal species (Hediste diversicolor, Hydrobia ulvae and Littorina littorea) in monoculture and all possible combinations of two and three species mixtures and supplied them with single vs two-species mixtures of the algae Fucus spiralis and Ulva intestinalis. Further, we also investigated whether algal decomposition changes nutrient remineralisation within the sediment by determining the C:N ratio of the surficial sediment. Data were analysed using extended linear regression with generalized least squares estimation to characterise the variance structure. We found that consumer species diversity effects are best explained by compositional effects and that species richness per se may not be the single most important determinant of resource use and decomposition in this community. Algal identity and invertebrate identity effects underpin the observed response and reflect species-specific traits associated with algal consumption and processing. The role of the microbial community is comparatively weak, but strongly linked to faunal activities and behaviour. The C:N ratio of the sediment increased with consumer species richness, indicating increased mineralisation in more diverse communities. Overall, our results suggest that although consumer species richness effects per se are weak, decomposition and subsequent incorporation of resources is nevertheless dependent on the composition of the decomposer community, which, in turn, has important implications for biogeochemical nutrient cycling in marine coastal habitats.
Self-assembled capsules of poly-N-glycidyl histidine ether–tannic acid for inhibition of biofilm formation in urinary catheters

A hydrophilic biocompatible polymer, N-glycidyl histidine ether, was synthesized and self-assembled after complexation with tannic acid to form unique toroidal-like capsules, which when coated on a urinary catheter significantly reduce the association of urinary pathogens and inhibit biofilm formation. Thus, the coated catheter is effective for long-term use and hinders catheter-associated infections.