Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Additive Manufacturing Technology Development: A Trajectory Towards Industrial Revolution

With the recent advancement in complexity of various technological products and the need for faster production, the quest for inventing new manufacturing technologies to reduce the design limitations such as the costs involved in purchasing and maintaining machines, the need for a trained operator, and increase in waste produced during machining in conventional manufacturing methods, has received significant boost in recent time with the advent of additive technology (AM) or 3D printing within various experts in industry, research & development institutes and universities, which invariably has not only enhanced deliverable on time and on budget of products, as well as ability to fabricate complex geometry with high precision and weight reduction. Several types of additive manufacturing (AM) that use different technologies and materials have emerged, in which the 3D systems are used to produce objects through adding rather than subtracting materials, transforming essentially detailed design files to fully functional products, to directly or indirectly alleviate the burden associated with convectional manufacturing and assembly methods. In this paper, an extensive review has been done on several methods adopted in 3D printing. Example include: Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Continuous Filament Fabrication (CFF), Stereolithography (SLA), Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM). The various steps involve in operation and working principle of 3D printing technology was also stated. The paper also presents the applicable areas of 3-D printing focusing on tooling, aviation/aerospace, medical/biomechanical and city planning.
Magnetic Trapping and Zeeman Relaxation of NH ( X 3 (cid:1) (cid:1) )

NH radicals are magnetically trapped and their Zeeman relaxation and energy transport collision cross sections with helium are measured. Continuous buffer-gas loading of the trap is direct from a room-temperature molecular beam. The Zeeman relaxation (inelastic) cross section of magnetically trapped electronic, vibrational, and rotational ground state NH molecules in collisions with 3 He is measured to be 3 : 8 (cid:2) 1 : 1 (cid:3) 10 (cid:1) 19 cm 2 at 710 mK. The NH-He energy transport cross section is also measured, indicating a ratio of diffusive to inelastic cross sections of (cid:1) (cid:4) 7 (cid:3) 10 4 , in agreement with recent theory [R. V. Krems, H. R. Sadeghpour, A. Dalgarno, D. Zgid, J. Kłos, and G. Chałasin´ski, Phys. Rev. A 68 , 051401
Efficient Genomic Interval Intersection Algorithms

The comparison of diverse genomic datasets is fundamental to understanding genome biology. Because individual experiments typically focus on a single genomic feature (e.g., genes, regulatory elements, genetic variants), the discovery and characterization of higher-level functions requires the integration of many different experimental results. For example, certain genomic sequences called enhancers have been shown to modulate gene expression. Since these sequences also tend to have specific chemical markers (histone marks) and can be targets of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins (transcription factors), comparing the set of sequences with certain histone marks to the set that are bound by transcription factors can lead to the discovery of novel enhancers. This is a difficult problem, especially considering that it is common for these types of experiments to identify millions of sequences. However, it can be simplified by the use of a reference genome, which is a representative nucleotide sequence for the chromosomes in an organism’s genome. A reference provides the coordinate system for mapping a given sequence to an interval based on the relative position of its matching subsequence. By mapping the sequences in feature sets to intervals, the comparison between sets is reduced to an interval set intersection problem. That is, if two features intersect, then they share common genomic sequences and can thus possibly have a biologically relevant relationship. Given the utility of efficient interval intersection in genomic analysis, especially in the face of every-larger data sets, this thesis introduces three algorithms that improve upon the state-of-the-art. The Binary Interval Search (BITS) algorithm is an optimal algorithm for counting the number of intersections between two sets that is well suited for parallel processing on a GPU. By counting intersections without full enumeration (a fundamentally harder problem), BITS enables the large-scale comparison of thousands of genomic features on a single machine that would have otherwise required a cluster of over 100 nodes. The split-then-sweep algorithm extends the basic concepts introduced by BITS to the consideration of many genomic interval sets. Sets are partitioned into independent slices, which in many cases reduces the number of the intervals that must be considered, and in all cases exposes a significant amount of parallelism. Slicing improved sequential runtimes and parallel runtimes by a factor of 2 and 19, respectively. The LUMPY algorithm uses interval intersection as a platform to identify differences in genome structure from high-throughput sequencing
THE LANDSCAPE OF RARE CANCER: A SEA OF OPPORTUNITY

The covered review from journals, and reports. Search terms were the specific tumour types, immunotherapy, rare cancers, specific molecular alterations, names of therapies study and ABSTRACT Rare cancers, as a collective, account for approximately one-quarter of all cancer diagnoses and deaths. Historically, they have been divided into two groups. The first was defined by their unusual histogenesis (cell of origin or differentiation state), and include chordomas or adult granulosa cell tumours (aGCT). Most tumour types from this first group are still clinically and biologically relevant and have been disproportionally important as sources of insight into cancer biology. The second grouping of rare cancers were histologically defined subtypes of common cancers, most of which have been shown to have neither defining molecular features, nor clinical utility. ‘Omics based analyses has splintered common cancers into a myriad of molecularly rather than histologically, defined subsets of common cancers, many of which have immediate clinical relevance. Today, almost all rare cancers are either histomolecular entities, which often have pathognomonic mutations, or molecularly defined subsets
Design Model of a Training Simulator in Virtual Reality

— This paper discusses problems that arise in the process of designing training simulators based on virtual reality. Virtual reality increases the performance of training due to immersion and realistic spatial objects. Unfortunately, there are problems associated with designing training simulators based on virtual reality. These problems are related to the performance of the environment in the context of effective user training. The paper presents a new approach to design a framework for a training simulator in virtual reality. Its key idea is to introduce basic principles for building of a two-level architecture using a user-centered design (on low-level) and object-closed design (on high-level). The low-level includes a modeling of the subject’s orientation and the response of the environment to external influences. The high-level focuses on the specific of training scripts such as specificity of the operation or a detailed 3D model (visualization of target’s operation through user interaction with the virtual environment). The data obtained can provide benefits to modeling training systems in virtual reality and for improving learning performance. The material presented can open new prospects for further research studies. It seems interesting to those who work in the field of usability engineering, training and human-computer interaction.
Facile synthesis, structural and luminescence studies of MgTiO 3 :Sm 3+ nanophosphor for display applications

Luminescence properties of combustion prepared Mg 2 TiO 3 :Sm 3+ (1-11 mol %) phosphors were studied in the present work. The crystallite size (D) was in the range20- 40 nm as estimated and it was similar to Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. The band gap of the materials was in the range 4.45 to 4.87 eV as calculated using Kubelka-Monk function. The PL peaks of Sm 3+ ions are due to the intra 4-f orbital transitions ( 4 G 5/2  6 H 5/2 , 4 G 5/2  6 H 7/2 , 4 G 5/2  6 H 9/2 and 4 G 5/2  6 H 11/2 ). Among the samples, 5 mol % doped one shows the highest PL intensity under 413 nm excitation. The CIE chromaticity coordinates showed orange of red emission (CCT ~2036 K), as a result Mg 2 TiO 3 :Sm 3+ (1-11 mol %) Nanophosphors were obviously for solid-state lighting and warm white light emissive display applications.
Lung volume reduction surgery: results from a randomised trial re-analysed and re-interpreted using longitudinal data analyses methodology

Background The largest randomised controlled trial evaluating the results of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) was conducted by the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) that published a series of reports for outcomes up to 24 months. However, patient outcomes were difficult to interpret due to limitations in and the presentation of conventional statistical analyses applied to repeated measures (longitudinal) data. We aimed re-evaluated the results from NETT using longitudinal data methodology to report longer term outcomes to facilitate interpretation by clinicians and patients who are considering LVRS in the management of emphysema. Trial and using a effects was
Multimodality Imaging of b -Cells in Mouse Models of Type I and II Diabetes

OBJECTIVE — b -Cells that express an imaging reporter have pro- vided powerful tools for studying b -cell development, islet transplantation, and b -cell autoimmunity. To further expedite diabetes research, we generated transgenic C57Bl/6 MIP-TF mice that express a trifusion protein of three imaging reporters (luciferase/ EGFP/HSV1-sr39 thymidine kinase) in their b -cells. This should enable the noninvasive imaging of b -cells by charge-coupled de- vice (CCD) and micro positron emission tomography (PET) and the identi ﬁ cation of b -cells at the cellular level by ﬂ uorescent microscopy. RESULTS — MIP-TF mouse b -cells were readily identi ﬁ ed in pan- creatic tissue sections using ﬂ uorescent microscopy. We show for the ﬁ rst time that MIP-TF b -cells can be noninvasively imaged using microPET. There was a correlation between CCD and microPET signals from the pancreas region of individual mice. After low-dose streptozotocin administration to induce type 1 diabetes, we observed a progressive reduction in bioluminescence from the pancreas region before the appearance of hyperglycemia. Although there have been reports of hyperglycemia inducing pro- insulin expression in extrapancreatic tissues, we did not observe bioluminescent signals from extrapancreatic tissues of diabetic MIP-TF mice. Because MIP-TF mouse b -cells express a viral thymidine kinase, ganciclovir treatment induced hyperglycemia, pro- viding b 1 diabetes 2
PANCREATIC CONCENTRATION OF â€˜25ILABELED PHENYLALANINE IN MICE

been reported to appear in high concentration in the pancreas shortly after being administered in travenously. Blau and Manske (4) labeled methi onine with 75Se and found that about 6% of the dose administered to dogs was found in the pancreas at 2 hr after administration. The concentration (per cent dose per gram) of radioactivity in the pancreas exceeded the concentration in the liver by a factor of 8 or 9. Preliminary experiments suggested that even small modifications of the tryptophane molecule would destroy the pancreas localizing ability (4). These experiments suggested that the tagging of an amino acid would have to involve changes less cx tensive than the addition of even a small external group (4). We report here the specific pancreas localization of 1251-labeled phenylalanine in approximately the same concentrations as the pancreatic concentra tion of 75Se after the administration of T5Se-seleno methionine (4) and after the administration of 14C-labeled DL phenylalanine.
Mining approximate frequent dense modules from multiple gene expression datasets

Large amount of gene expression data has been collected for various environmental and biological conditions. Extracting co-expression networks that are recurrent in multiple co-expression networks has been shown promising in functional gene annotation and biomarkers discovery. Frequent subgraph mining reports a large number of subnetworks. In this work, we propose to mine approximate dense frequent subgraphs. Our proposed approach reports representative frequent subgraphs that are also dense. Our experiments on real gene coexpression networks show that frequent subgraphs are biologically interesting as evidenced by the large percentage of biologically enriched frequent dense subgraphs.
Robust Three-dimensional (3D) Expansion of Bovine Intestinal Stem Cells: A Model for Replacement of Animal Experiments

Bo Ram Lee (  mir88@korea.kr ) National Institute of Animal Science https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0537-6205 Hyeon Yang National Institute of Animal Science Sang In Lee Kyungpook National University Inamul Haq National Institute of Animal Science Sun A Ock National Institute of Animal Science Hayeon Wi National Institute of Animal Science Hwi Cheul Lee National Institute of Animal Science Poongyeon Lee National Institute of Animal Science Jae Goo Ryu National Institute of Animal Science
KOMBUCHA TEA BEVERAGE: MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION

The aim of the present study was to determine the microbial composition, antioxidant activity, and content of phytochemicals in prepared kombucha tea beverage. Microbiota was identi ﬁ ed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, antioxidant activity of beverage was tested by ABTS and phosphomolybdenum method, the total content of phytochemicals (polyphenols, ﬂ avonoids, and phenolic acids) was measured by colorimetric methods. The major phenolic acids, ﬂ avonoids, and methylxanthines were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Candida krusei, Sphingomonas melonis, Sphingomonas aquatilis, Brevibacillus centrosporus , and Gluconobacter oxydans were the most abundant microorganisms. Antioxidant activity of kombucha tested by ABTS and phosphomolybdenum method was 1.16 mg TEAC/ml and 2.04 mg TEAC/ml, respectively, which values were higher than in black tea 0.67 and 0.81 mg TEAC/ml, respectively. Also, content of total polyphenols (0.42 mg GAE/ ml), ﬂ avonoids (0.13 mg QE/ml), and phenolic acids (0.19 mg CAE/ml) was higher in kombucha than in black tea (0.18 mg GAE/ml; 0.02 mg QE/ml; 0.05 mg CAE/ml, respectively). Gallic, chlorogenic, syringic, and protocatechuic acids, and rutin and vitexin from ﬂ avonoids were dominant in kombucha beverage detected by HPLC. Strong difference in caffeine contents, 217.81 μ g ml –1 (black tea) and 100.72 μ g ml –1 (kombucha beverage), was observed. The amounts of theobromine were similar in black tea and kombucha, but theophylline was detected only in black tea in trace amount (0.52 μ g ml –1 ).
Tube-Gel Digestion A NOVEL PROTEOMIC APPROACH FOR HIGH THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS* □ S

This study describes a new protein digestion protocol in which a variety of detergents can be used to solubilize membrane proteins and facilitate trypsin digestion with higher efficiency. In this protocol, proteins are dissolved in solutions containing various detergents and directly incorporated into a polyacrylamide gel matrix without electrophoresis. Detergents are subsequently eliminated from the gel matrix while proteins are still immobilized in the gel matrix. After in-gel digestion of proteins, LC-MS/MS is used to analyze the extracted peptides for protein identification. The uniqueness of the protocol is that it allows usage of a variety of detergents in the starting solution without interfering with LC-MS/MS analysis. We hereby demonstrate that different detergents, including ionic SDS, non-ionic Triton X-100 and n -octyl (cid:1) - D -gluco-pyranoside, and zwitterionic CHAPS, can be used to achieve maximum solubilization of membrane proteins with minimal interference with LC-MS/MS analysis. Enhanced digestions, i.e. improved number and intensity of detected peptides, are also demonstrated for digestion-resistant proteins such as myoglobin, ubiquitin, and bacteriorhodopsin. An additional advantage of the Tube-Gel digestion protocol is that, even without electrophoresis separation, it allows high throughput analysis of complex protein mixtures when coupled with LC-MS/MS. The protocol was used to analyze a complex membrane protein mixture prepared from prostate cancer cells. The protocol involves only a single digestion and 2.5 h of LC-MS/MS analysis and identified 178 membrane proteins. In comparison, the same membrane fraction was resolved by SDS-PAGE, and 20 gel slices were excised and individually digested and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The more elab-orate effort demanded more than 50 h of LC-MS/MS analysis and identified 268 proteins.
Excision Repair Functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Recognize and Repair Methylation of Adenine by the Escherichia coli dam Gene

Unlike the DNA of higher eucaryotes, the DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers' yeast) is not methylated. Introduction of the Escherichia coli dam gene into yeast cells results in methylation of the N-6 position of adenine. The UV excision repair system of yeast cells specifically responds to the methylation, suggesting that it is capable of recognizing modifications which do not lead to major helix distortion. The UV repair functions examined in this report are involved in the incision step of pyrimidine dimer repair. These observations may have relevance to the rearrangements and recombination events observed when yeast or higher eucaryotic cells are transformed or transfected with DNA grown in E. coli. DNA methylation has profound and varied effects on cellular metabolism. Higher eucaryotes exhibit methylation of specific cytosine molecules during the regulation of gene expression (2, 9). The genomes of lower eucaryotes, such as Drosophila melanogaster (1), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10, 13, 20), and various other fungi (6), have a low or undetectable 5-methylcytosine content, suggesting that DNA methylation may not be involved in gene control in these organisms. Procaryotes also use methylation, in re- striction-modification systems (19) and in mismatch repair recognition (21). For example, the Escherichia coli dam gene product methylates the N-6 position of adenine residues in 5'-GATC-3' sequences as part of the methyl-directed mis- match repair system (21). Insults by exogenous methylating
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Functional Correlates of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis & Sensitivity of Hippocampal Neural Progenitor Cells to rAAV-induced Cell-death A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction

Recombinant AAV (rAAV) has been proposed as a safe genetic tool for use in human gene therapy and has seen wide use as a viral vector across nearly all fields of experimental mammalian biology. We demonstrate that neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and immature dentate granule cells (DGCs) within the adult murine hippocampus are particularly sensitive to rAAVinduced cell-death. Cell loss is dose-dependent and nearly complete at experimentally relevant viral titers. rAAV-induced cell-death is rapid and persistent, with loss of BrdU labeled cells within 18 hours post-injection and no evidence of recovery of adult neurogenesis when assessed at 3 months post-injection. The remaining mature DGCs appear hyperactive 4 weeks postinjection based on immediate early gene expression, consistent with previous studies investigating the effects of attenuating adult neurogenesis. In vitro application of AAV or electroporation of AAV2 inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) is sufficient to induce cell death. Efficient transduction of the dentate gyrus (DG)—without ablating adult neurogenesis—can be achieved by injection of rAAV2-retro serotyped virus into CA3. rAAV2-retro results in efficient retrograde labeling of mature DGCs and permits in vivo 2-photon calcium imaging of dentate activity while leaving adult neurogenesis intact. These findings expand on recent reports implicating rAAV linked toxicity in stem cells and other cell types and suggests future work using rAAV in the DG should be carefully evaluated. Johnston ST , Parylak SL, Kim S, Mac N, Lim CK, Gallina IS, Bloyd CW, Newberry A, Saavedra CD, Novák O, Gonçalves JT, Gage FH , Shtrahman M 17 Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California – La Jolla, CA, USA Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University – Prague, CZ Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA Department of Neurosciences, University of California La Jolla, CA USA
Investigating the use of C-band phase closure data to produce soil moisture maps

Soil Moisture is a key hydrological variable since it controls the interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. It is responsible for the partitioning of precipitation into evaporation, transpiration, percolation and run-off. Soil Moisture monitoring is used to indicate droughts in vegetated areas and is an important parameter to early warning systems for flood. Therefore, throughout the years human population attempted to monitor and control it. The advent of Remote Sensing, during the past decades, enormously influenced soil moisture research by enabling acquisition of large scale data. Many Remote Sensing systems were developed exclusively to study this variable. Land subsidence, triggered both by human activity and natural processes, is another phenomenon whose monitoring is crucial for the environment and the human populationa and is thus an essential variable which needs to be continuously monitored in vulnerable areas, since it can damage buildings’ foundations. Remote Sensing and more specifically Microwave remote sensing has been pivotal in studying land deformation and subsidence in near real time. Detecting and monitoring land subsidence and deformation with InSAR method has been meticulously researched however there are still obstacles to overcome such as vegetation. The aim of this research is to study whether InSAR closure phases can be used to detect moisture changes. The idea of using closure phases for soil moisture estimation was proposed by De Zan, Parizzi, et al. 2013 and further studied by Zwieback, Hensley, and Hajnsek 2015a. The closure phase inversion model of De Zan and Gomba 2018 is implemented in this thesis using Sentinel-1 C-band for the inversion and SMAP data for the evaluation of the results. The results support the idea that this method has potential over bare soil and low vegetated areas but struggles to overcome vegetation due to its limited penetration capability. Furthermore, soil moisture changes may introduce a systematic error to land subsidence measurements. For this reason, the idea was to make use of the generated soil moisture data to produce interferometric phase corrections over the study areas. However, the results are inconclusive due to the poor quality of the data over vegetated areas.