Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separated by a common language: How Breitbart and The New York Times produce different meanings from common words

We build on the work by Peled and Bonotti to illuminate the impact of linguistic relativity on democratic debate. Peled and Bonotti’s focus is on multilingual societies, and their worry is that ‘unconscious epistemic effects’ can undermine political reasoning between interlocutors who do not share the same native tongue. Our article makes two contributions. First, we argue that Peled and Bonotti’s concerns about linguistic relativity are just as relevant to monolingual discourse. We use machine learning to provide novel evidence of the linguistic discrepancies between two ideologically distant groups that speak the same language: readers of Breitbart and of The New York Times. We suggest that intralinguistic relativity can be at least as harmful to successful public deliberation and political negotiation as interlinguistic relativity. Second, we endorse the building of metalinguistic awareness to address problematic kinds of linguistic relativity and argue that the method of discourse analysis we use in this article is a good way to build that awareness.
Highly Efficient Oxidation of Gaseous Benzene on Novel Ag3VO4/TiO2 Nanocomposite Photocatalysts under Visible and Simulated Solar Light Irradiation

Novel Ag3VO4/TiO2 nanocomposites photocatalysts with high efficiency and broad spectrum response were first prepared by a facile and low-cost coupling method. The samples performed high photocatalytic activity and stability in decomposing continuous-flow gaseous benzene with high toxicity and stability under both visible and simulated solar light irradiation. When the mass fraction of Ag3VO4 in nanocomposites was 0.5%, the sample possessed the highest photocatalytic activity among those Ag3VO4/TiO2 nanocomposites in different proportions. The conversion and mineralization rate reached about 40 and 60% respectively, which was nearly two times higher than that of nitrogen-doped TiO2 (TiO2–xNx), when it was used to degrade continuous-flow gaseous benzene photocatalytically at an inlet concentration of 280 ppm and a gas hourly space velocity of 876 h–1 under visible light irradiation for 10 h. Moreover, under simulated solar light irradiation, the benzene could be nearly completely conversed and mineralized o.
Full Waveform Inversion Beneath the Central Andes: Insight Into the Dehydration of the Nazca Slab and Delamination of the Back‐Arc Lithosphere

We present a new seismic tomography model for the crust and upper mantle beneath the Central Andes based on multi‐scale full seismic waveform inversion, proceeding from long periods (40–80 s) over several steps down to 12–60 s. The spatial resolution and trade‐offs among parameters are estimated through the multi‐parameter point‐spread functions. P‐ and S‐wave velocity structures with spatial resolution of 30–40 km for the upper mantle and 20–25 km for the crust could be resolved in the central study region. In our study, the subducting Nazca slab is clearly imaged in the upper mantle, with dip‐angle variations from the north to the south. Bands of low velocities in the crust and mantle wedge indicate intense crustal partial melting and hydration of the mantle wedge beneath the frontal volcanic arc, respectively, and they are linked to the vigorous dehydration from the subducting Nazca plate and intermediate depth seismicity within the slab. These low‐velocity bands are interrupted at 19.8°–21°S, both in the crust and uppermost mantle, hinting at the lower extent of crustal partial melting and hydration of the mantle wedge. The variation of lithospheric high‐velocity anomalies below the back‐arc from north to south allows insight into the evolutionary foundering stages of the Central Andean margin. A high‐velocity layer beneath the southern Altiplano suggests underthrusting of the leading edge of the Brazilian Shield. In contrast, a steeply westward dipping high‐velocity block and low‐velocity lithospheric uppermost mantle beneath the southern Puna plateau hint at the ongoing lithospheric delamination.
A Truncated Matrix Completion Algorithm Using Prior Information for Wind Turbine Clutter Suppression

The conventional matrix completion (MC) regularizes each singular value equally, and thus the rank cannot be well approximated, which greatly limits the flexibility and accuracy of MC usage. In this paper, a truncated MC algorithm using prior information to determine the threshold while generating the target rank is proposed for the wind turbine clutter suppression of weather radar. During the singular value shrinking process, an appropriate threshold is selected to obtain the optimal approximation of the sampling matrix. Specifically, the mean value of the diagonal element in the recovered weather matrix is calculated to improve the robustness of the recovery result effectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces the computational complexity as well as further improves the MC accuracy and realizes the effective suppression of the wind turbine clutter.
Fault Detection and RUL Estimation for Railway HVAC Systems Using a Hybrid Model-Based Approach

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems installed in a passenger train carriage are critical systems, whose failures can affect people or the environment. This, together with restrictive regulations, results in the replacement of critical components in initial stages of degradation, as well as a lack of data on advanced stages of degradation. This paper proposes a hybrid model-based approach (HyMA) to overcome the lack of failure data on a HVAC system installed in a passenger train carriage. The proposed HyMA combines physics-based models with data-driven models to deploy diagnostic and prognostic processes for a complex and critical system. The physics-based model generates data on healthy and faulty working conditions; the faults are generated in different levels of degradation and can appear individually or together. A fusion of synthetic data and measured data is used to train, validate, and test the proposed hybrid model (HyM) for fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) of the HVAC system. The model obtains an accuracy of 92.60%. In addition, the physics-based model generates run-to-failure data for the HVAC air filter to develop a remaining useful life (RUL) prediction model, the RUL estimations performed obtained an accuracy in the range of 95.21–97.80% Both models obtain a remarkable accuracy. The development presented will result in a tool which provides relevant information on the health state of the HVAC system, extends its useful life, reduces its life cycle cost, and improves its reliability and availability; thus enhancing the sustainability of the system.
Extended Bloch–McConnell equations for mechanistic analysis of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance experiments on enzyme systems

Abstract We describe an approach to formulating the kinetic master equations of the time evolution of NMR signals in reacting (bio)chemical systems. Special focus is given to studies that employ signal enhancement (hyperpolarization) methods such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) and involving nuclear spin-bearing solutes that undergo reactions mediated by enzymes and membrane transport proteins. We extend the work given in a recent presentation on this topic (Kuchel and Shishmarev, 2020) to now include enzymes with two or more substrates and various enzyme reaction mechanisms as classified by Cleland, with particular reference to non-first-order processes. Using this approach, we can address some pressing questions in the field from a theoretical standpoint. For example, why does binding of a hyperpolarized substrate to an enzyme not cause an appreciable loss of the signal from the substrate or product? Why does the concentration of an unlabelled pool of substrate, for example 12 C lactate, cause an increase in the rate of exchange of the 13 C-labelled pool? To what extent is the equilibrium position of the reaction perturbed during administration of the substrate? The formalism gives a full mechanistic understanding of the time courses derived and is of relevance to ongoing clinical trials using these techniques.
Peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes heterogeneity in SLE patients treated by Belimumab

Objective: To estimate the effect of Belimumab on the heterogeneity of peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: There were three groups of populations, namely health controls (HC, n = 92), SLE patients treated (n = 26) and un-treated with BAFF (n = 155) in the present study. Cell subsets of CD3+T cells, CD3+CD4+T cells, CD3+CD8+T cells, CD19+B cells, CD16+CD56+NK cells, CD14+HLA-DR+monocytes, CD14+CD206+monocytes and CD14+CD163+monocytes were estimated by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with HC group, SLE patients had a higher level of CD3+T cells and CD3+CD8+T cells, but a lower level of CD3+CD4+T cells, CD16+CD56+NK cells, CD14+CD206+monocytes, and CD14+CD163+monocytes. Besides, the ratio of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+T cells was much lower in SLE patients. Belimumab could effectively decrease CD19+B cells but increase CD3+T cell and CD3+CD8+T cells in the peripheral blood of SLE patients. Moreover, SLE patients had decreased CD14+CD206+ monocytes and CD14+CD163+ monocytes in peripheral blood, while Belimumab therapy did not affect the heterogeneity of monocytes in SLE.Conclusions: Our results revealed the heterogeneity of lymphocytes and monocytes in SLE patients. The clinical efficacy of Belimumab in SLE treatment is remarkable due to its significant effect on down-regulating B cell but up-regulating CD3+T cell and CD3+CD8+T cells in SLE.
Characterization of Canadian Backyard Composts: Chemical and Spectroscopic Analyses

Despite the growing interest in backyard composting as a means to reduce residential refuse at source, there has been little study of its chemical nature and state of maturity. We obtained samples of mature compost from backyard sources in Newfoundland, Ontario and British Columbia, Canada, as well as raw input and immature compost from one BC municipal source. Chemical analysis indicated that composting was effective, proceeding with loss of C, decrease in C:N ratio, increase in pH to near neutrality, and high available N and P. Contents of heavy metals were low. Solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of extracts showed a high proportion of orthophosphate P, indicating vigorous microbial activity and high P availability. Solid state 13C NMR with cross-polarization and magic angle spinning (CPMAS NMR) of whole composts showed that decomposition proceeds to some extent with increasing ratio of alkyl to O-alkyl C, as observed in many studies of organic soils, forest floor and composts of.
Removal of Pb(II) from its aqueous solution by activated carbon derived from Balam Khira (Kigelia Africana)

AbstractA low cost activated carbon derived from the fruit of Kigelia Africana (KA) was characterized by using Powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller techniques for effective removal of Pb(II) from its aqueous solution. The derived activated carbon from Kigelia Africana (CKA) had micro porous and meso porous pore size distribution with high surface area (799 m2 g−1) and high carbon content (79.42%). The batch mode experiments are carried out to investigate the effect of process parameters such as solution concentration, pH, temperature, contact time, CKA amount on adsorption. The maximum adsorption was found at pH 5.0 (97% for 2.5 g/l CKA in 50 mg/l Pb(II) initial concentration). The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models were modeled to evaluate the equilibrium adsorption data, and the results describe the best representation of the Langmuir isotherm model with adsorption capacity 79.87 mg/g (R2 = 0.99) at 30°C. Thermodynamic study demonstrates spon.
Shear Strength Characteristics of Cemented Clayey Sand Soil

Several techniques of soil stabilization are available to improve the behavior of many types of soil. The addition of cement to soils have proved a significant effect on the geotechnical properties of treated soils. In this study, an artificial clayey sand soil samples were prepared by mixing 20% kaolin clay of fine sand. Initially, compaction tests were conducted on soil mixture to study the effect of kaolin addition on maximum dry density, optimum moisture content of mixed soil at a relative density of 55%. The mixed soils were improved by cement. Then ,a series of unconfined compression tests were performed to clarify the performance of improved soil with different cement contents at the optimum water content of each cement content ,and the samples examined after two hours from preparation, and curing period of 7 days and 14 day. Results of compaction test indicate that adding kaolin increasing maximum dry density and moisture content. Tests results show that addition of cement to soil mixture increased stiffness and unconfined compression strength (UCS), and leading to a brittle behavior.
Dimensional (Parametric) Synthesis of the Hexapod-Type Parallel Mechanism with Reconfigurable Design

The study provides a solution to a dimensional synthesis problem for a hexapod-type reconfigurable parallel mechanism, which can change its configuration to realize different trajectories of its output link while having a single drive. The work presents an original procedure to find the dimensions of some mechanism’s links and their initial configuration to reproduce these trajectories. After describing the mechanism, the paper examines kinematic relations representing the basis for the subsequent synthesis algorithm. Next, the obtained expressions are extended and provide a system of equations to be solved. The structure of this equation system allows it to be solved effectively by numerical methods, which is demonstrated with an example. The proposed algorithm of dimensional synthesis does not require solving the optimization problems, in contrast to the familiar methods of dimensional synthesis of parallel mechanisms. Further, the suggested approach to the synthesis problem allows finding solution in a fast and computationally efficient manner.
The Sunflower

In Simon Wiesenthal’s book The Sunflower: On the Possibility and Limits of Forgiveness, Wiesenthal tells the story of a dying German soldier who was guilty of horrendous evil against Jewish men, women, and children, but who desperately wanted forgiveness from and reconciliation with at least one Jew before his death. Wiesenthal, then a prisoner in Auschwitz, was brought to hear the German soldier’s story and his pleas for forgiveness. As Wiesenthal understands his own reaction to the German soldier, he did not grant the dying soldier the forgiveness the man longed for. In The Sunflower, Wiesenthal presents reflections on this story by numerous thinkers. Their responses are noteworthy for the highly divergent intuitions they express. In this chapter, I consider the conflicting views about forgiveness on the part of the respondents in The Sunflower. I argue that those respondents who are convinced that forgiveness should be denied the dying German soldier are mistaken. Nonetheless, I also argue in support of the attitude that rejects reconciliation with the dying German soldier. I try to show that, in some cases of grave evil, repentance and making amends are not sufficient for the removal of guilt, and that reconciliation may be morally impermissible, whatever the case as regards forgiveness.
FORCED CONVECTION IN POROUS MEDIA

An analytical approach for the effect of the transverse thermal dispersion on fully developed in a parallel plate channel filled with isotropic fluid saturated porous medium has been studied. The influence of various participating entities has been illustrated on the flow entities. It is observed that increase in the Darcy’s number contributes to increase in the velocity field. Further, it is also noted that increase in γ contributes to decrease in the velocity field. Further, it is seen that as the pore size increases the velocity is found to be increasing. Also, as γ increases the velocity is found to be decreasing significantly and it is seen that as the Darcy’s number increases the temperature is found to be increasing.
Influence of Storage Temperature on the Composition and the Antibacterial Activity of Ozonized Sunflower Oil

ABSTRACT The use of ozonized vegetable oils as drugs or cosmetics requires having data on their stability over the time. In this study, ozonized sunflower oil was stored under different temperatures for up to 1 year. Peroxide index, acidity value, gas chromatography profile, infrared profile and antibacterial activity (against Streptococcus uberis) of this ozonized oil were followed. The results highlight the fact that the better way to preserve the initial composition of ozonized oil is to keep it at low temperature. However, the antibacterial activity is not diminished by the changes occurring to the composition.
Effect of Fertilizer Nitrogen (N) on Soil Organic Carbon, Total N, and Soil pH in Long-Term Continuous Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

ABSTRACT Carbon sequestration via sound agronomic practices can assist in combating global warming. Three long-term experiments (Experiment 502, Experiment 222, and The Magruder Plots) were used to evaluate the effect of fertilizer nitrogen (N) application on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and pH in continuous winter wheat. Soil samples (0–15 cm) were obtained after harvest in 2014, analyzed, and compared to soil test results from these experiments in 1993. Soil pH decreased with increasing N fertilization, and more so at high rates. Nitrogen application significantly increased TN in Experiment 502 from 1993 to 2014, and TN tended to be high at high N rates. Fertilizer N significantly increased SOC, especially when N rates exceeded 90 kg ha−1. The highest SOC (13.1 g kg−1) occurred when 134 kg N ha−1 was applied annually. Long-term N application at high rates increased TN and SOC in the surface soil.
Traditional and novel foods from indigenous flours: Nutritional quality, glycemic response, and potential use in food industry

Starchy plant sources traditionally utilized for preparing breakfast foods are currently vastly underutilized. The present study investigated the proximate composition, glycemic index (GI), and factors affecting the GI of breakfast foods such as roti, pittu, porridge, and a novel food, muffin made with flour from some such underutilized plant sources. The glycemic responses were estimated according to FAO/WHO guidelines. Non-diabetic apparently healthy individuals aged 22–30 years (n = 10) participated in the study. The crude protein in foods ranged from 1.2 to 8.0 g/100g fresh weight (FW) basis. Muffin made with Caryota urens flour had the highest fat content with other foods having fat above 6 g/100 g FW except for C. urens porridge. Insoluble (IDF) and soluble (SDF) dietary fiber contents in foods were low, ranging from 1.2 to 5.7 g/100 g FW and 0.8 to 3.0 g/100 g FW, respectively. Roti made with C. urens, Cycas circinalis, and pittu made with Vateria copallifera were categorized as low GI foods (relative to white bread), with corresponding GI ± standard error of the mean values of 57 ± 4, 66 ± 6, and 67 ± 7, respectively. C. circinalis pittu elicited a medium GI (72 ± 4), whereas C. urens porridge and muffin elicited a high GI (92 ± 9 and 128 ± 11), respectively. If not counteracted by factors such as high fiber or protein, wet processing elicited higher glycemic responses. The starch granular structures and molecular weight distribution patterns correlated with corresponding GI values obtained in this study. The data prove that the traditional flour sources elicit health benefits and could be utilized in food preparation as a substitute for wheat and rice flour.
Photosalient Behavior of Photoreactive Crystals

Being documented with only about a dozen serendipitous observations, the photosalient effect, where crystals leap when exposed to light, is considered a very rare phenomenon. Here, with a set of structurally related materials that undergo [2 + 2] photocycloaddition we present evidence that this effect is more common than it has been realized in the past, and we seek to establish correlations with the kinematics and the crystal structure toward rational design of photosalient materials. To that end, nine photoreactive complexes AgL2X2 (L = 4-styrylpyridine, 2′-fluoro-4-styrylpyridine, and 3′-fluoro-4-styrylpyridine, X = BF4–, ClO4– and NO3–) were prepared. The [AgL2]+ cations in these structures pack by both head-to-head and head-to-tail alignment of the styrylpyridine ligands. Crystals of six out of the nine complexes were photosalient and popped, hopped, and/or leaped when exposed to UV light. It is concluded that the occurrence of the photosalient effect is determined not only by the nature of the ligan.
Synthesis and Performance of Cyclomatrix Polyphosphazene Derived from Trispiro-Cyclotriphosphazene as a Halogen-Free Nonflammable Material

Novel cyclomatrix polyphosphazene was designed as a halogen-free nonflammable material and was successfully synthesized through ring-opening and ring expansion of trispiro-cyclotriphosphazene as a precursor. The chemical structure and composition of the synthesized trispiro-cyclotriphosphazene were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The polymerization of the cyclomatrix polyphosphazene was dynamically monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. The synthesized cyclomatrix polyphosphazene exhibits a highly rigid and brittle nature as well as a high decomposition temperature over 350 °C due to its densely cyclic structure. This polyphosphazene material also shows a high limiting oxygen index and a V-0 classification in a UL-94 burning experiment. Such an excellent flame-retardant property is attributed to the construction of trispiro-cyclotriphosphazene on the backbone of the cross-linking system, which can lead .
Assessment and verification: A higher education perspective

The term Assessment and Verification is an integral part of the student achievement and considered as a fundamental function of higher education. Assessment and verification confirm and assures the academic integrity and standard which has a vital impact on student behaviour, colleagues’ involvements, the university reputation and finally the student’s future lives. The research aimed to explore various academic and industry-based literatures to analyse the importance of assessment and verification and to identify areas to ensure reliability in assessment by testing skills and knowledge. The research used experimental research methods (primarily reflection) using literary forms to analyse the theory with the reinforcement of the practice from the university experiences. It also has collected data using semi-structured interview from mutually agreed department colleagues from five different higher educational institutes consists of three universities and two alternative providers based in London, United Kingdom. The result showed that assessment in higher educational institutes have not kept pace with the changes and no longer justify the outcomes we expect from a university education in relation to wide-ranging knowledge, skills, and employability. The research findings enable the educators to help create and implement an inclusive teaching and learning environment to improve the learner’s expectation and academic performance.