Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualidade de vida e sintomas depressivos em residentes de enfermagem

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida e a prevalencia de disforia/sintomas depressivos nos residentes de enfermagem de uma Escola Paulista de Medicina. Trata-se de um estudo exploratorio, descritivo e transversal com 68 residentes de enfermagem do primeiro e do segundo ano de residencia de todas as areas de especialidade, atraves da aplicacao da versao brasileira do questionario de qualidade de vida SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey) e da versao brasileira do Inventario de Depressao de Beck (IDB). Os aspectos relacionados a qualidade de vida mostraram-se comprometidos no componente mental do SF-36: aspectos emocionais, vitalidade e saude mental. Houve prevalencia de disforia/depressao em 27,9% dos residentes de enfermagem.
Statistical and heuristic image noise extraction (SHINE): a new method for processing Poisson noise in scintigraphic images

Poisson noise is one of the factors degrading scintigraphic images, especially at low count level, due to the statistical nature of photon detection. We have developed an original procedure, named statistical and heuristic image noise extraction (SHINE), to reduce the Poisson noise contained in the scintigraphic images, preserving the resolution, the contrast and the texture. The SHINE procedure consists in dividing the image into 4 × 4 blocks and performing a correspondence analysis on these blocks. Each block is then reconstructed using its own significant factors which are selected using an original statistical variance test. The SHINE procedure has been validated using a line numerical phantom and a hot spots and cold spots real phantom. The reference images are the noise-free simulated images for the numerical phantom and an extremely high counts image for the real phantom. The SHINE procedure has then been applied to the Jaszczak phantom and clinical data including planar bone scintigraphy, planar Sestamibi scintigraphy and Tl-201 myocardial SPECT. The SHINE procedure reduces the mean normalized error between the noisy images and the corresponding reference images. This reduction is constant and does not change with the count level. The SNR in a SHINE processed image is close to that of the corresponding raw image with twice the number of counts. The visual results with the Jaszczak phantom SPECT have shown that SHINE preserves the contrast and the resolution of the slices well. Clinical examples have shown no visual difference between the SHINE images and the corresponding raw images obtained with twice the acquisition duration. SHINE is an entirely automatic procedure which enables halving the acquisition time or the injected dose in scintigraphic acquisitions. It can be applied to all scintigraphic images, including PET data, and to all low-count photon images.
Topology of Yang-Mills fields and confinement

Starting with the well known fact that a Yang-Mills theory with non-Abelian Lie gauge group G is equivalent to an Abelian theory plus monopoles and associated strings, the author proves that confinement-if any-corresponds to the minimal immersion of the world sheets of the strings (here called Schwarz surfaces) into the maximal torus of the dual gauge group. In the confined phase the Schwarz surfaces display a maximal symmetry given by the order of the Weyl group of G. Further, by requiring consistency with confinement-formulated as above-the author suggests a modified form for the (Wilson) action functional of a lattice gauge theory.
An evaluation of epoxy resin phantom materials for megavoltage photon dosimetry

Epoxy resin phantom materials have been available for some time and are widely used for dosimetry purposes, not least in audit phantoms. Information on their behaviour is partly available in the literature, but there are different mixes and formulations often given similar names and it may not be appropriate to transfer information from one material to another. Five commercially available water-substitute materials have been evaluated for use in megavoltage photon beams: WT1, WTe, RMI 451, RMI 457 and `plastic water'. Four independent experiments were carried out to compare these materials with water in megavoltage photon beams ranging in energy from cobalt-60 to nominal 16 MV x-rays, and some general conclusions are drawn from the results as to their use. All are suitable for relative dosimetry in megavoltage photon beams. However, differences of up to 1% are observed for absolute measurements. The newer formulations, developed for electron beam use, are also closer to water for megavoltage photon beams.
In vivo determination of the optical properties of muscle with time-resolved reflectance using a layered model

We have investigated the possibility of determining the optical coefficients of muscle in the extremities with in vivo time-resolved reflectance measurements using a layered model. A solution of the diffusion equation for two layers was fitted to three-layered Monte Carlo calculations simulating the skin, the subcutaneous fat and the muscle. Relative time-resolved reflectance data at two distances were used to derive the optical coefficients of the layers. We found for skin and subcutaneous fat layer thicknesses (l2) of up to 10 mm that the estimated absorption coefficients of the second layer of the diffusion model have differences of less than 20% compared with those of the muscle layer of the Monte Carlo simulations if the thickness of the first layer of the diffusion model is also fitted. If l2 is known, the differences are less than 5%, whereas the use of a semi-infinite model delivers differences of up to 55%. Even if l2 is only approximately known the absorption coefficient of the muscle can be determined accurately. Experimentally, the time-resolved reflectance was measured on the forearms of volunteers at two distances from the incident beam by means of a streak camera. The thicknesses of the tissues involved were determined by ultrasound. The optical coefficients were derived from these measurements by applying the two-layered diffusion model, and results in accordance with the theoretical studies were observed.
Analysis on a general class of holographic type dark energy models

We present a detail analysis on a general class of holographic type dark energy models characterized by the length scale L = 1/an(t)∫0tdt′ am(t′). We show that n ⩾ 0 is required by the recent cosmic accelerated expansion of universe. In the early universe dominated by the constituent with constant equation of state wm, we have wde ≃ −1−2n/3 for n ⩾ 0 and m < 0, and wde ≃ −(2/3)(n−m)+wm for n > m ⩾ 0. The models with n > m ⩾ 0 become single-parameter models like the ΛCDM model due to the analytic feature Ωde ≃ d2/4(2m+3wm+3)2a2(n−m) at radiation- and matter-dominated epoch. Whereas the cases n = m ⩾ 0 should be abandoned as the dark energy cannot dominate the universe forever and there might be too large fraction of dark energy in early universe, and the cases m > n ⩾ 0 are forbidden by the self-consistent requirement Ωde << 1 in the early universe. Thus a detailed study on the single-parameter models corresponding to cases n > m ⩾ 0 is carried out by using recent observations. The best-fit analysis indicates that the conformal-age-like models with n = m+1, i.e. L∝1/Ha in early universe, are more favored and also the models with smaller n for the given n−m are found to fit the observations better. The equation of state of the dark energy in models with n = m+1 > 0 transits from wde < −1 during inflation to wde > −1 in radiation- and matter-dominated epoch, and then back to wde < −1 eventually. The best-fit result of the case (n = 0, m = −1) which is so-called ηHDE model proposed in (Huang 2012) is the most favorable model and compatible with the ΛCDM model.
The Pd I Spectrum, Term System, Isotope Shift and Hyperfine Structure – Revised and Extended Analysis Based on FTS Emission Spectroscopy

The spectrum of the neutral palladium atom emitted from hollow cathode discharges has been observed by means of Fourier transform spectroscopy in the region 1750–55000 Å. 684 lines have been identified as transitions between 67 even and 76 odd levels. The level structure has been analysed by means of ab initio and parametric calculations. Isotope shift and hyperfine structure has been observed and interpreted in 24 lines. Forbidden lines caused by Stark-effect mixing have been observed.
A proposed `metabolism' for a hydrocarbon assembler

Molecular manufacturing should let us synthesize most arrangements of atoms that are consistent with physical law. Assemblers have been proposed as a means of accomplishing this objective. They would be able to build a wide range of useful products as well as copies of themselves. A simpler though less general proposal is a hydrocarbon assembler, restricted to manufacturing relatively stiff hydrocarbons. The design and analysis of such an assembler should be substantially simpler than that of a more general assembler. In this paper, we consider the `intermediary metabolism' of a hydrocarbon assembler, i.e. the set of reactions that permit processing of the feedstock molecules and their conversion into molecular tools (positionally controlled carbenes, radicals, and other reactive species). The specific feedstock molecule analyzed is butadiyne (a linear molecule, , also known as diacetylene; not to be confused with the more common but chemically distinct nonlinear molecule butadiene: ).
The classification of plants by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on two chemometric methods

The applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) on classifying complex natural organics are relatively limited and their accuracy still requires improvement. In this work, to study the methods on classification of complex organics, three kinds of fresh leaves were measured by LIBS. 100 spectra from 100 samples of each kind of leaves were measured and then they were divided into a training set and a test set in a ratio of 7:3. Two algorithms of chemometric methods including the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis Mahalanobis distance (PCA-MD) were used to identify these leaves. By using 23 lines from 16 elements or molecules as input data, these two methods can both classify these three kinds of leaves successfully. The classification accuracies of training sets are both up to 100% by PCA-MD and PLS-DA. The classification accuracies of the test set are 93.3% by PCA-MD and 97.8% by PLS-DA. It means that PLS-DA is better than PCA-MD in classifying plant leaves. Because the components in PLS-DA process are more suitable for classification than those in PCA-MD process. We think that this work can provide a reference for plant traceability using LIBS.
Mass flow measurement of bulk solids in pneumatic pipelines

Many types of techniques for metering the mass flow rate of bulk solids in a pneumatic pipeline have been proposed and developed during the past 20 years. This paper presents a detailed and comprehensive review of the techniques and the current state of knowledge and experience. The techniques are classified under three main categories: direct measurement of solids mass flow rates, measurement of volumetric concentrations of solids and measurement of solids velocity. Future developments and possible trends in this field are also included.
RNASeq analysis identifies non-canonical role of STAT2 and IRF9 in the regulation of a STAT1-independent antiviral and immunoregulatory transcriptional program induced by IFNβ and TNFα

IFNβ plays a critical role in the host defense against pathogens through the induction of hundreds of antiviral and immunoregulatory genes. Response to IFNβ is context-dependent and is prone to crosstalk with other cytokines. Costimulation with IFNβ and TNFα drives a specific delayed transcriptional program composed of genes that are either not responsive to IFNβ or TNFα separately or are only responsive to either one of the cytokine. The signaling mechanisms engaged downstream of the costimulation with IFNβ and TNFα remained elusive. In the present study, we took advantage of STAT1-deficient cells coupled to RNASeq analysis to characterize the genome wide transcriptional profile induced in response to IFNβ and TNFα. We found that costimulation with IFNβ and TNFα induces a broad antiviral and immunoregulatory transcriptional program independently of STAT1. Additional sequencing performed following silencing of STAT2 or IRF9 allowed us to unveil specific independent roles of STAT2 and IRF9 in the regulation of distinct sets of IFNβ and TNFα-induced genes. Consistent with the growing literature, IFNβ and TNFα synergistic action is in part mediated by the concerted action of STAT2 and IRF9, most likely present in a non-canonical complex. Finally, our study reveals previously unrecognized independent roles of STAT2 and IRF9 in the regulation of distinct sets of IFNβ and TNFα-induced genes. Altogether these observations highlight novel STAT1-independent pathways involved in the establishment of a delayed antiviral and immunoregulatory transcriptional program in conditions where elevated levels of both IFNβ and TNFα are present.
Tryptophan nitration physiologically regulates cardiac lactate dehydrogenase active site loop mobility and activity

Immunopositive protein tyrosine nitration is considered a disease marker for oxidative stress. The mechanism of nitration, target proteins and functional consequences, however, remain often unclear. We here focus on a prominent protein band in mouse, rat and pig heart surprisingly nitrotyrosine immunopositive under basal conditions. Upon purification, we identify it as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its basal nitration mechanism depending on NO synthase and myeloperoxidase. Surprisingly, we locate LDH nitration by mass spectrometry not to tyrosine but to a C-terminal tryptophan, Trp-324. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that Trp-324 nitration restricts the interaction of the active site loop with the C-terminal a-helix essential for activity explaining the observed lower Vmax. Protein nitration is thus not merely a disease marker but also a physiological event. In cardiac LDH, this extends to tryptophan modification limiting enzyme activity under basal and metabolic stress conditions.
Through-process modelling of the impact of intermediate annealing on texture evolution in aluminium alloy AA 5182

The control of plastic anisotropy during the formation of a metallic sheet requires detailed knowledge on its microstructure and, especially, crystallographic texture. During the thermo-mechanical production of an aluminium sheet the material experiences a complex history of temperature, time and strain paths. Thus, for a comprehensive through-process modelling of the evolution of texture, the individual models for simulating rolling and recrystallization textures have to be combined, which makes great demands on the accuracy of the respective models. This paper explores the potential of such coupled texture simulations by using an aluminium alloy AA 5182 sheet produced with and without intermediate annealing. Besides a qualitative appraisal of the modelled textures, a quantitative measure is applied to scrutinize the quality of the texture simulations.
Electronic excitations investigated by inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy

It is shown how non-resonant and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy (IXSS) offer valuable information about electronic excitations in solids. After a presentation of the basic relations, applications of IXSS on a large variety of systems and electronic excitations are discussed, where in most cases synchrotron radiation is utilized
Toroidal configurations of perfect fluid in the Reissner-Nordström-(anti-)de Sitter spacetimes

Influence of cosmological constant on toroidal fluid configurations around charged spherically symmetric black holes and naked singularities is demostrated by study of perfect-fluid tori with uniform distribution of specific angular momentum orbiting in the Reissner-Nordström-(anti-)de Sitter spacetimes. Toroidal configurations are allowed only in the spacetimes admitting existence of stable circular geodesics. Configurations with marginally closed equipotential (equipressure) surfaces crossing itself in a cusp allow accretion (through the inner cusp) and/or excretion (through the outer cusp) of matter from the toroidal configuration. Detailed classification of the Reissner-Nordström-(anti-)de Sitter spacetimes according to properties of the marginally stable tori is given. It is demonstrated that in the Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter naked-singularity spacetimes an interesting phenomenon of doubled tori can exist enabling exchange of matter between two tori in both inward and outward directions. In naked-singularity spacetimes the accretion onto the central singularity is impossible due to existence of a potential barrier.
SPATIAL-DEPENDENT PROPAGATION OF COSMIC RAYS RESULTS IN SPECTRUM OF PROTON, RATIOS OF p ¯ / p ?> , B/C AND ANISOTROPY OF NUCLEI

Recent precise measurements of cosmic ray spectra revealed an anomalous hardening at ∼200 GV, observed by the ATIC, CREAM, PAMELA, and AMS02 experiments. Particularly, the latest observation of the p ¯ / p ? > ratio by AMS02 demonstrated a flat distribution, which further validated the spectral anomalies of secondary particles. All those new phenomena indicated that the conventional propagation model of cosmic rays meets a challenge. In this work, the spatial-dependent diffusion coefficient D ( r , z , p ) ? > is employed by tracing the source distribution under the physical picture of the two-halo model in the DRAGON package. Under such a scenario, the model calculation will result in two-component spectra for primary nuclei. Due to the smaller rigidity dependence of D ( r , z , p ) ? > in the galactic disk, the ratios secondary-to-primary will inevitably be flatter and the expected anisotropy of cosmic rays will be much more attenuated than in the conventional model. As a result, we can reproduce the spectral hardening of protons, the flat ratios of p ¯ / p ? > and B/C, and consistent anisotropy from ∼100 GeV to ∼100 TeV by only adopting one set of spatial-dependent diffusion coefficients D ( r , z , p ) ? > in a galactic disk.
For debate Short postnatal hospital stay: implications for women and service providers

Background In a bid to increase consumer satisfaction, recent government reports have encouraged maternity services providers to offer women more choice about their care. At the same time, there has been considerable pressure on hospital managers and clinicians to drive down health service costs. Women need information about the likely effects of different service patterns on their wellbeing, and service providers about the implications of allowing women choice. Methods This paper reports on a descriptive study in six districts in the Yorkshire Region and focuses on the implications of variation in length of stay. The aim of the study was to describe variation in the care process and to explore associations between care process variables, consumer satisfaction and maternal psychological wellbeing. One hundred and twenty randomly selected women in each district delivering in a specified four-week period were asked to complete postal survey questionnaires in the postnatal period. Results There were significant differences between districts in terms of the length of postnatal hospital stay for women experiencing normal deliveries.Those women who thought that their postnatal length of stay was too short had significantly higher depression scores.
Rehabilitation promotes the recovery of functional and structural features of healthy neuronal networks after stroke

Rehabilitation is the most effective treatment for promoting the recovery of motor deficits after stroke. Despite its importance, the processes associated with rehabilitative intervention are poorly understood. One of the most challenging experimental goals is to unambiguously link specific circuit changes induced by rehabilitation to improved behavior. Here, we investigate which facets of cortical remodeling are induced by rehabilitation by combining optical imaging and manipulation tools in a mouse model of stroke. We demonstrate the progressive restoration of cortical motor maps and of cortical activity in parallel with the reinforcement of inter-hemispheric connectivity after rehabilitation. Furthermore, we reveal that the increase in vascular density goes along with the stabilization of peri-infarct neural circuitry at synaptic level. The present work provides the first evidences that rehabilitation is sufficient to promote the combined recovery of distinct structural and functional features distinctive of healthy neuronal networks.
On averaging of certain boundary-value problems with non-linear boundary conditions in perforated domains

Let Q be a perforated domain in R = {(xi,. ,xn)} with an ε-periodic structure: Ω ε = ΩΠεω, where Ω is a bounded domain with a sufficiently smooth boundary, ε > 0 is a small parameter, and ω is a smooth unbounded domain in RTM with a 1-periodic structure. We put Q = ]0,l[, eG = {x • ε~χ e G}. We assume that Ω has a Lipschitz boundary and that the cell of periodicity QDw satisfies the conditions Bl, B2, B3 in [1], Chapter I, §4. The boundary 3Ω of Ω splits into the 'external' part Γ ε = dCl Π <9Ω and the boundary of sheets (canals) s = ( 9 ί ΐ ε ) η η . Suppose that Le(u) Ξ (α ΙιΙι(ε~1χ)υ,χΙι)Xh is a uniformly elliptic operator whose coefficients α(ξ) = a(£) are smooth l-periodic functions in ω. Here and in what follows we assume that repeated indices imply summation from 1 to n. We consider in Ω the following boundary-value problem:
Degradation of Pre-β-High Density Lipoproteins and Their Binding Activity to Human Blood Monocytes

We have previously reported that high density lipoprotein3 (HDL3), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) rich lipoprotein, binds specifically to the surface of human blood monocytes. Pre-beta-HDL with a pre-beta mobility on agarose gels is an apoA-I (MW 28 kDa)-rich and a lipid-poor lipoprotein. In the present study, we found that pre-beta-HDL purified by ion-exchange chromatography was susceptible to degradation if isolated in the absence of anti-proteases, resulting in the smaller lyso-pre-beta-HDL. The mass of lyso-pre-beta-HDL was confirmed using a delayed extraction matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DE-MALDI-TOF MS), which showed a fragment of approximately 22,378.9 Da. We further investigated limited proteolysis of apo A-I purified from human plasma HDL with various proteases, and cleavage appeared to be limited to the C-terminal end of apo A-I (amino acids 188-223). The ability of pre-beta-HDL and lyso-pre-beta-HDL to compete for HDL binding to monocytes was determined using a flow cytometry-based assay. Pre-beta-HDL competed efficiently for binding whereas lyso-pre-beta-HDL was significantly less effective. The data may indicate that the binding sites on monocytes specifically recognize apoA-I. We suggest that limited proteolysis around amino acids 188-223 of apo A-I may affect lipid binding, which may in turn affect HDL structure and function.
Elastic Properties of Interfaces in a Ginzburg-Landau Theory of Swollen Micelles, Droplet Crystals and Lamellar Phases

Using a Ginzburg-Landau free energy for oil-water-surfactant mixtures, we show that the Helfrich Hamiltonian describes the free energy of the amphiphilic monolayers at the oil/water interface, and calculate the bending rigidity, the saddle splay modulus and the spontaneous radius of curvature. The results are used to discuss the phase diagram obtained from Landau theory, which contains a lamellar phase, a hexagonal phase of cylinders, and a droplet crystal. It is found that the interaction of the monolayers plays an important role in stabilizing the lamellar phase.