Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Fast-Algorithmic Probabilistic Evaluation on Regional Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) for Operational Planning of High Renewable Penetrated Power Systems

The high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) issue incurred by the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into a modern power system significantly threatens the grid security, and thus needs to be carefully examined in the operational planning. However, severe fluctuation of regional frequency responses concerned by system operators could be concealed by the conventional assessment based on aggregated system frequency response. Moreover, the occurrence probability of a high RoCoF issue is actually a very vital factor during the system planner’s decision-making. Therefore, a fast-algorithmic evaluation method is proposed to determine the probabilistic distribution of regional RoCoF for the operational planning of a RES penetrated power system. First, an analytical sensitivity (AS) that quantifies the relationship between the regional RoCoF and the stochastic output of the RES is derived based on the generator and network information. Then a linear sensitivity-based analytical method (LSM) is established to calculate the regional RoCoF and the corresponding probabilistic distribution, which takes much less computational time when comparing with the scenario-based simulation (SBS) and involves much less complicated calculation procedure when comparing with the cumulant-based method (CBM). The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method are verified in a modified 16-machine 5-area IEEE benchmark system by numerical SBS and analytical CBM.
Carbon dioxide degassing and inorganic carbon export from a marsh‐dominated estuary (the Duplin River): A marsh CO2 pump

We investigated the seasonal changes and the interactions of the CO2 system in a marsh‐dominated estuary, the Duplin River, on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Surface water pCO2, total alkalinity (TA), and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) showed a pronounced seasonal progression in this system. The estuary released 256‐306 g C m‐2 (of water) yr‐1 of CO2 to the atmosphere and exported 109 g C m‐2 (of water) yr‐1 of DIC to adjacent coastal waters. There was a clear seasonal pattern in both fluxes with spring minima, and late summer and fall maxima. Release of inorganic carbon as a respiratory product from surrounding salt marshes is the primary process supporting these two carbon export terms. Concurrently, TA was exported from the Duplin River mainly in summer and fall as a result of anaerobic respiration in marshes. Based on data from the upper Duplin River, export of inorganic carbon from salt marshes was 156 g C m‐2 (of marsh) yr‐1. Extrapolation of this value to all southeastern U.S. salt marshes indicates that they cumulatively export 0.7 X 1012 g inorganic carbon annually to coastal waters. This export rivals that of riverine inorganic carbon flux. We propose that the CO2 fixation of marsh grasses and the subsequent export of inorganic and organic carbon is one major mechanism that causes the marsh‐influenced nearshore and offshore waters in the southeastern U.S. to be annual net sources of atmospheric CO2. We also suggest that this process provides an efficient and unique means for ocean carbon sequestration of atmospheric CO2.
Derivations in Gamma Rings with γ-Lie and γ-Jordan Structures

Let M be weak Nobusawa Γ-ring and γ be non-zero element of Γ. In this paper, we study the definition of γ-semi prime Γ-ring, and introduce definition of γ-semi simple Γ-ring and γ-Jordan ideal of M. We give equivalent definitions for γ-prime Γ-ring and γ-semi prime Γ-ring. Also by using relation between Γ-rings and rings, we give some commutativity conditions on Γ-rings.
Accumulation of Trehalose as a Compatible Solute under Osmotic Stress in Euglena gracilis Z

ABSTRACT. The photosynthetic protozoon Euglena gracilis, accumulated a large amount of trehalose in the cells under salt or osmotic stresses. Radioactivity of [14C] paramylon, a β‐1,3‐polyglucan which was stored in the cells of E. gracilis. was degraded rapidly and this radioactivity was almost stoichiometrically incorporated into trehalose. The interconversion of trehalose from paramylon by salt or osmotic stresses was dependent on the concentrations or osmotic pressures, suggesting that E. gracilis accumulate trehalose as an osmoprotectant. After the removal of salt or osmotic stresses, trehalose was gradually degraded, however, it was not converted into paramylon.
Automated processing of unmanned aerial vehicles images based on conceptual modeling of objective tasks

In this article, the authors proposed a methodology for processing images of unmanned aerial vehicles, based on the conceptual modeling of objective tasks, which allows to increase the accuracy of decoding of forest resources due to the unified description of the conceptual model of the process. The approach is based on a hierarchical structural representation of the process of decrypting the image. The result of the application of the method is the determination of individual contours of tree crowns. The developed method involves the use of the watershed many times for each contour, which made it possible to determine the contours of each tree and at the same time not to miss trees with small crowns. Using the error matrix and the formula for calculating the Kappa Cohen index, the reliability of thematic decryption was evaluated. The developed methodology allowed to improve the identification of objects by 18.6%.
Cyclic Dynamics of a Boreal Southern Red-Backed Vole Population in Northwestern Quebec

In Fennoscandia, red-backed vole populations (Myodes spp.) often show regular fluctuations of abundance of 3- to 5-year periods. In contrast, only a few populations show evidence of cyclic fluctuations in North America. From 2001 to 2009, we livetrapped southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) in 3 mature jack pine and 3 mature black spruce forest stands in the Muskuchii hills region, Quebec, Canada. We found that their density fluctuated (up to 41-fold) with a cyclical pattern and 4-year periods. Our study is the first to demonstrate cyclic dynamics in a southern red-backed vole population found in the boreal forest of North America. Regular pulse of food or heavy predation may be responsible for the fluctuations of southern red-backed voles. Furthermore, vole cycles may help elucidate the factors driving the irruptions of owls in the boreal forest.
Detection of genetic variation between Ophiostoma ulmi and the NAN and EAN races of O. novo-ulmi in Switzerland using RAPD markers.

Summary The structure of the Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi population of Switzerland was analysed. 79 Swiss isolates were compared to reference strains from various countries. A dendrogram from RAPD profiles was produced. O. ulmi and O. novo-ulmi were clearly separated into two major clusters. O. novo-ulmi was further divided into the EAN and NAN races. This classification is consistent with subgroups by taxonomic parameters (growth rate, culture aspect, fertility barriers). The variation detected within the EAN and NAN races indicates a post-epidemic situation in Switzerland. A clonal population is present only in a restricted area in mid-eastern Switzerland, indicating a still active disease front.
Sperm (ejaculate) competition in Drosophila melanogaster, and the reproductive value of females to males in relation to female age and mating status

1 In double mating experiments with Drosophila melanogaster in which one male had been irradiated, it was confirmed that sperm displacement is extensive, i.e. the second male to mate displaces most of the previously‐stored sperm. 2 The predominance of the second ejaculate over the first increases with the interval between the two matings, from about P2= 0.83 (second mating on the first day after the first mating) to about P2= 0.99 (interval between mating = 14 days) where P2 is the proportion of offspring fathered by the second male. 3 A more accurate method for calculating P2 values is developed for experiments in which sperm are ‘labelled’ by irradiation treatment (equation 1). 4 Observations of the reducing egg production of the female throughout life were also obtained. A model is examined which incorporates both the sperm competition and egg production data to predict the reproductive value to a male of a mating with a given type of female, varying in age and mating status. The relative value (in terms of probable numbers of progeny gained) of a mating with a virgin or 4 day post‐mating female is about twice that of a 14 day post‐mating female, mainly because of the fecundity difference. 5 Some evolutionary aspects of sperm competition and multiple mating in insects are reviewed and discussed.
RESIDUAL TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES USED FOR LEPIDOPTERAN INSECT CONTROL ON CITRUS TO APHYTIS MELINUS DEBACH (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE)

Abstract Fifteen compounds used for suppression of lepidopteran pests of citrus were applied in a commercial manner to lemon trees. Amounts of dislodgable residues, together with mortality of Aphytis melinus DeBach confined on treated foliage, were monitored for 36 days following treatment. Most materials caused high mortalities on the 1st day following treatment. Several materials had little effect on A. melinus after 7 days post-treatment. These included a formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner endotoxin, a formulation of B. thuringiensis exotoxin, cryolite, methomyl, mevinphos, naled, parathion, and trichlorfon. Carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos, esfenvalerate, fluvalinate, methomyl, and two formulations of carbaryl caused mortality for up to 30 days post-application. Mortality in the thiodicarb treatment was above 60% for the 36 days of the study. Mortality was correlated with amounts of dislodgable residue for each material tested. Résumé Quinze composés destinés à l’élimination des Lépidoptères nuisibles aux agrumes ont été utilisés à une échelle commerciale dans des vergers de citronniers. Les quantités de résidus récupérables et la mortalité d’Aphytis melinus DeBach sur le feuillage des arbres traités ont été estimées pendant 36 jours après le traitement. La plupart des composés ont entraîné une forte mortalité au cours de la première journée qui a suivi le traitement. Plusieurs avaient peu d’effet sur A. melinus après 7 jours, notamment une préparation d’endotoxine de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, une préparation d’exotoxine de B. thuringiensis, et d’autres produits, cryolite, méthomyl, mévinphos, naled, parathion et trichlorfon. Les produits suivants causaient encore de la mortalité 30 jours après l’application : carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos, esfenvalérate, fluvalinate, méthomyl et deux formes de carbaryl. Après l’application de thiodicarb, la mortalité était encore supérieure à 60% au bout des 36 jours de l’étude. La mortalité était toujours reliée à la quantité de résidus récupérables. [Traduit par la rédaction]
Absence of Increased α1-Microglobulin in IgA Nephropathy Proteinuria*

To search for biomarkers of IgA nephropathy, protein profiles of urine samples from patients with IgA nephropathy and normal volunteers were compared using two-dimensional DIGE. Most of the 172 spots identified in the urine were serum proteins, and their amounts in IgA nephropathy urine were much higher than those in normal urine; this can be explained as proteinuria caused by glomerular dysfunction. However, only α1-microglobulin, also one of the major serum proteins, in IgA nephropathy urine was not higher in amount than that in normal urine. We confirmed using ELISA analysis that the amounts of transferrin and albumin in IgA nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy urine were much higher than those in normal urine, whereas the amount of α1-microglobulin in IgA nephropathy urine was not higher than that in normal urine and was much lower than that in diabetic nephropathy urine. Approximately 50% of α1-microglobulin forms a complex with IgA in serum. These results suggest that α1-microglobulin in IgA nephropathy urine is a characteristic protein and might be a biomarker for IgA nephropathy and that α1-microglobulin might have a relationship with IgA nephropathy pathology.
Towards an Integrated Taxonomy of the Merodon equestris Species Complex (Diptera: Syrphidae) Including Description of a New Species, with Additional Data on Iberian Merodon

Abstract Study of specimens of Merodon Meigen collected in southwestern Europe resulted in new data and taxonomic changes for this genus. The cryptic species Merodon confusus sp. nov. (Merodon equestris species group) is described based on specimens collected in Cabañeros National Park, central Spain. Morphological and molecular diagnostic characters are provided to separate members of the species group. Merodon aeneus fulvus Gil Collado is proposed as a junior synonym of Merodon pumilus Macquart. The first Iberian record of Merodon rufus Meigen is reported and updates of the revision of Iberian Merodon are provided.
Analysis of hydrophilic antioxidant enzymes in invasive alien species Parthenium hysterophrus under high temperature abiotic stress like conditions.

In order to gain insight into the biochemical basis of invasiveness of invasive alien species, in the present study the expression of antioxidant boiling stable proteins (peroxidase, SOD and catalase) was studied in Parthenium hysterophorus. Parthenium an annual invasive weed of family Asteraceae, is native to tropical America while wide spread in north America, many parts of Africa, Australia and India. It tolerates a wide variety of abiotic conditions in the natural habitat. The analysis of boiling stable proteins was outlined by Native-PAGE analysis. Some barely detectable boiling stable proteins were detected. The Zymogram analysis revealed a substantial expression of BsPeroxi 60 and BsSOD 35/20 in the leaves and mature flowers of Parthenium. However, no substantial catalase activity was detected in the boiled protein samples of all the tissues examined. Based upon these results, a possible physiological role of BsPeroxi 60 and BsSOD 35/20 in parthenium tissues was discussed.
Population change of avian predators and grey squirrels in England: is there evidence for an impact on avian prey populations?

Summary 1. Using novel analytical methods applied to extensive national bird and mammal monitoring data, we examine whether 29 English bird populations may have been depressed by increases in the abundance of two broad categories of predators. The first includes predators of juvenile and adult birds: Eurasian sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus, common kestrels Falco tinnunculus and common buzzards Buteo buteo, and the second comprises five nest predators: carrion crow Corvus corone, black-billed magpie Pica pica ,E urasian jayGarrulus glandarius, great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major and grey squirrel Sciurus carolinensis. 2. For 22 avian prey species, there is no evidence that increases in common avian predators and grey squirrels are associated with large-scale depression of prey abundance or population declines. For the remaining seven, some negative correlations are biologically unlikely but we cannot exclude the possibility that some of the negative associations are causally related. For example, a particularly strong negative relationship between sparrowhawk and tree sparrow during the Common Birds Census period (1967–2000) could indicate a causal relationship. In contrast, the negative association between buzzard and goldfinch during the Breeding Bird Survey period (1995–2005) is, on ecological grounds, unlikely to do so. Whilst a correlative study such as this cannot prove causation, it provides a focus for more detailed work on particular species. 3. Unexpected was a large number of positive associations between predators and prey, particularly for native avian nest predators, which largely exonerates these predators as driving declines in passerine numbers. 4. Synthesis and applications. Analyses of large-scale and extensive national monitoring data provides little underlying evidence for large-scale impacts of widespread avian predators and grey squirrels on avian prey populations, although we cannot exclude the possibility that a small number of negative associations between particular predator and prey species reflect causal relationships or that predators affect prey species at smaller spatial scales.
Individual Differences in Neurobehavioral Disruption During Mild and Moderate Hypoglycemia in Adults With IDDM

This study investigated the neurobehavioral effects of mild and moderate hypoglycemia in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). On 2 consecutive days, 26 subjects were tested in a counterbalanced, randomized, single-blind, crossover design. On the experimental day, subjects performed tests at 6.4, 3.6, and 2.6 mmol/l and again after glycemic recovery to 6.3 mmol/l. On the control day, subjects performed tests four times at euglycemia. Three months after testing, 15 subjects repeated the experimental day protocol. Results demonstrated that both mild and moderate hypoglycemia significantly disrupted performance. However, performance deterioration varied substantially across individual subjects. Men exhibited significantly more deterioration than women at mild hypoglycemia, and subjects with a history of unconsciousness due to hypoglycemia exhibited more deterioration than subjects with no such history. Individual deterioration scores during repeat testing significantly correlated with performance during original testing. Recovery from hypoglycemia-related impairment varied across individuals and was correlated with degree of impairment during hypoglycemia. These results suggest that the glycemic threshold for onset and recovery from neurobehavioral deterioration with hypoglycemia, as well as degree of impairment experienced, varies across individuals. Furthermore, these individual differences are stable across time.
Activation of cell wall-associated peroxidase isoenzymes in pea epicotyls by a xyloglucan-derived nonasaccharide

The cell wall-derived xyloglucan nonasaccharide XXFG was found to increase the extractable activity of distinct cationic cell wall-associated peroxidase isozyme groups isolated from etiolated pea epicotyls. Peroxidase activation occurred in the first 10 h of incubation with the nonasaccharide in the pea epicotyl bioassay. At the same time varying concentrations of XXFG caused growth inhibition up to 35%. Neither the increase of peroxidase activity nor the growth inhibition was restricted to a certain XXFG concentration. The increase in peroxidase activity was not just an oligosaccharide effect in general. The corresponding heptasaccharide XXXG neither inhibited growth nor increased peroxidase activity. The isozymes extracted from pea epicotyls were additionally separated by cation-exchange chromatography and submitted to isoelectric focusing. With one exception, all of the ionically-bound, cell wall-associated peroxidases present in pea epicotyls were cationic or slightly anionic. It is proposed that the growth inhibition caused by XXFG is at least in part the result of peroxidase-catalysed cell wall tightening induced by the nonasaccharide.
Protocol for the Preparation of Arabidopsis Meiotic Chromosome Spreads and Fluorescent in situ Hybridization

[Abstract] This protocol is a more detailed version of previous protocols (Yang et al., 2011; Bolanos-Villegas et al., 2013) developed for the examination of meiotic chromosome spreads. Meiotic chromosome spreads are useful to determine the presence of defects in chromosome pairing and segregation. The protocol also describes how to perform fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments with a centromere probe used to label chromosomes.
Short‐Term Temporal Effects on Community Structure of Lepidoptera in Restored and Remnant Tallgrass Prairies

Understanding the degree to which species assemblages naturally vary over time will be critically important when assessing whether direct management effects or contingency is responsible for species gain or loss. In this study, we tested three predictions related to short‐term variation in prairie moth communities: (1) communities would only exhibit significant temporal variation in newly restored sites (1–3 years old); (2) prairie size and age would positively influence community reassembly, with larger, older restorations sampling a greater proportion of the regional species pool; and (3) older restorations (7–10 years old) would have yet to converge on the community composition of prairie remnants. Moths were sampled from 13 Tallgrass prairie restorations and remnants in central Iowa in 2004–2005. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant effects of sampling year on moth species richness and abundance as well as on the richness of two functional groups, but difference among prairie types was only observed in 2005. Rarefaction analysis revealed that older restorations and prairie remnants supported higher species richness compared to recently planted sites, and nonmetric, multidimensional scaling ordination indicated that restorations older than 7 years were clearly converging on the species composition of remnants. These results suggest that moth communities in restorations and remnants are highly variable in time but that as restorations age, they appear to reaccumulate moth species found in prairie remnants. The long‐term persistence of a particular species assemblage within a given site, however, might be a difficult endpoint to attain in central Iowa prairies because of significant annual variation in species occurrence.
Ecology in Sustainable Agriculture Practices and Systems

Sustainable and productive agroecosystems must be developed that will meet today's needs for food and other products, as well as preserving the vital natural resource base that will allow future generations to meet their needs. To increase production efficiency, to improve farming strategies based on local resources, and to design systems that are resilient in the face of changing climate require thorough understanding of the ecology of agricultural systems. Organic and sustainable farmers have developed many production practices and integrated crop/animal systems that are finding application in more conventional farming enterprises. While they do seek greater resource use efficiency and substitution of more environmentally benign inputs to replace chemicals used in conventional farming, sustainable farmers increasingly depend on thoughtful redesign of production systems to provide internal management of soil fertility and pests, careful use of contemporary energy and rainfall, and reliance on internal resources rather than imported inputs. Evaluation of systems based on productivity, sustained economic return, viable environmental indicators, and equitable social consequences of agricultural production are central to future sustainable farming and food systems.
Evidence for a multi‐peak adaptive landscape in the evolution of trophic morphology in terapontid fishes

Using the Australian marine-freshwater terapontid fishes as a model system, we examined the role of dietary phenotypic optima in an adaptive macro-evolutionary landscape. Comparative modelling relying on both a priori and data-driven identification of selective regimes suggested multi-peak models as best describing much of the dietary phenotypic landscape of terapontids. Both approaches identified common phenotypic optima for different lineages of marine and freshwater herbivores, and minimal differentiation between carnivores and omnivores, irrespective of their phylogenetic relationships, as the model best describing morphological evolution. Significant correlations also existed between these phenotypic axes and proportions of non-animal dietary items in species' diets. While simulation results provided evidence for a multi-peak adaptive landscape in the evolution of trophic morphology in terapontids, they could not rule out chance convergence in these adaptive peaks. However, they do provide scope for identifying areas for more detailed, functionally specific study of phenotypic convergence in herbivorous terapontid trophic habits.