Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EARTHQUAKE POTENTIAL AND MAGNITUDE LIMITS IN SOUTHERN EUROPE

Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe (SHARE) published new seismic hazard maps of Europe in 2013. Seismic source models are the basis for hazard calculations. SHARE constructed three seismic source models based on historical earthquakes and geological fault data. The SHARE source models provided parameters from which magnitude-frequency distributions can be specified for each of 437 seismic source zones covering most of Europe. To evaluate the SHARE seismic source models, we construct an earthquake potential model of Southern Europe using the Global Strain Rate Map released in 2014. Because the individual SHARE area source zones are too small to have sufficient data for accurate estimates, we combine the source zones into five groups according to SHARE’s estimates of maximum magnitude. Using the strain rates, we calculate tectonic moment rates for each group. Then, we infer seismicity rates and probable maximum earthquake magnitudes from the tectonic moment rates. For two groups, the tectonic moment rates are higher than SHARE seismic moment rates; SHARE rates of large earthquakes are lower than those inferred from tectonic moment rates, but higher than those based on historical earthquakes. For another group, the tectonic moment rate is lower than SHARE seismic moment rates; SHARE rates of large earthquakes are higher than those inferred from tectonic moment rate, but lower than what historical data show. For the other two groups, the seismicity rates from tectonic moment rate, historical data, and SHARE models are consistent. For four groups, the maximum magnitudes used by SHARE are fairly consistent with the probable maximum magnitudes inferred from tectonic strain rates. This study demonstrates that: 1) the strain rate data are useful for constraining seismicity rates and magnitude limits; and 2) the SHARE seismic source models fit for the purpose.
A NOTE ON WEAK-? PERTURBATIONS OF g-MEASURES

Let q ≥ 1 be an integer, denote A = {0, 1, . , q − 1}, X = A, and S : X → X the shift. Let (Ω,B, P) be a probability space, and X = (Xn : Ω → A)n∈Z a stationary process. The process is Markov if P(Xn = j|Xn−1 = i) = pi,j, with transition matrix P = (pi,j) ∈ [0, 1] . Assume it is such, with P irreducible and aperiodic, and let π be the associated stationary distribution vector. Let X̃ = (X̃n)n∈Z be another Markov process, having the same state space, with matrix P̃ . Denote π̃ the corresponding distribution. The Kemeny & Snell identity then reads as π̃ − π = ∑ k≥0 π̃(P̃ − P )P . (KS) For chains having finite memory, one uses the Markov case by increasing the state space. The identity (KS) allows, with e.g. ergodicity coefficients (Seneta, 1988), to measure the sensitivity of the chain X under perturbations X̃ is the perturbed chain.
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of combined milk thistle and fenugreek seeds in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats

Background and Aim: Despite the availability of antidiabetic drugs, they are not free from associated adverse side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of oral administration of seeds from two medicinal plants: (1) Milk thistle and (2) fenugreek. Materials and Methods: Plant seeds were washed in distilled water and ground with a coffee grinder. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes in 20 male albino rats. Diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Group 1 (n=10), diabetic rats fed with 0.5 g/kg milk thistle and 2 g/kg fenugreek seeds per day and (2) Group 2 (n=10), diabetic rats fed standard rodent food for 4 weeks. Results: Oral administration of milk thistle and fenugreek seeds for 2 weeks resulted in significant improvement in body weight, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. After 4 weeks, this ameliorative effect was significantly elevated with respect to blood glucose (155.00±9.70 mg/dL vs. 427.50±5.70 mg/dL; p<0.001), HbA1c (5.5±0.19% vs. 13.65±1.77%; p<0.001), cholesterol (281.50±10.95 mg/dL vs. 334.30±6.80 mg/dL; p<0.001), triglyceride (239.60±6.87 mg/dL vs. 284.20±9.95 mg/dL; p<0.01), and body weight (265.30±8.10 g vs. 207.40±11.4 g; p<0.01) as compared with non-treated diabetic rats. Conclusion: Milk thistle and fenugreek seeds possess hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties and could be used as natural compounds that are suitable as parent compounds for the development of new antidiabetic drugs.
Bottom-up Herbivore-Plant Feedbacks Trump Trophic Cascades in a Wolf-Elk-Grassland System

Top-down predator-prey effects that alter the abundance, biomass, or productivity of a population community across more than one link in a food web are referred to as trophic cascades. While these effects have been extensively studied in aquatic environments, fewer studies have examined trophic cascades in terrestrial ecosystems. And fewer still terrestrial studies have tested for trophic cascades between vertebrates and grassland vegetation. Across the globe, grassland plant biomass is driven by both precipitation and non-linear positive feedbacks between grazing and plant productivity, as predicted by the Intermediate Grazing Hypothesis. Yet little is known about the role that apex carnivores play in regard to trophic impacts on grassland biomass. We utilized a long-term dataset collected over the last two decades on a montane rough-fescue grassland adjacent to Banff National Park, Alberta, to test whether top-down effects regulate grassland biomass in a wolf-elk system. First, we measured annual growing season plant biomass from 2006 – 2018 at 61 repeat sampled plots in the grassland. Next, we measured wolf predation risk using a previously developed wolf resource selection function created from GPS radiocollar data from 5 wolf packs. Finally, we measured grazing intensity using Brownian Bridge Movement Models derived from GPS radiocollar data from 131 unique elk. We then tested top-down, bottom-up and abiotic hypotheses for grassland biomass over time in program R. The top model incorporated precipitation and positive nonlinear effects of elk use, excluding predator effects and thus failing to support the trophic cascade hypothesis. This may be due to the observational nature of this study, or predation effects in this system may be obscured by human use. Alternatively, our results also support the hypothesis that intermediate grazing may outweigh the benefits of predation in grassland systems. Our study serves to help fill a gap in trophic cascade literature, and emphasizes that positive feedback between grazers and grasslands may trump top-down effects. Understanding when trophic cascade theory is or is not applicable is vital for carnivore management, conservation, and reintroduction efforts across North America.
α-quotient map and α-quotient space

In this exposition, we introduce certain kind of maps namely α-quotient map, strongly α-quotient map and α∗-quotient map. And we are going to discuss the composition of a few of those quotient maps, and also characterize such quotient maps. We are also looking at some of the significant properties as well prominent consequences regard quotient, bi-quotient map and tri-quotient maps.
DISPLACEMENT-BASED SEISMIC DESIGN OF FRAMES AT SOFT SOILS OF THE VALLEY OF MEXICO CONSIDERING P-DELTA EFFECTS

The amplification of demands of a structure subjected to lateral displacements due to the action of vertical loads over its deformed shape, the so-called second order effects or P-Delta, is an issue that has received considerable attention in earthquake engineering for many years, as it has been recognized that it may lead to undesirable structural behaviour and even collapse. To this date, the most extended approach followed in several national and international building codes to consider P-Delta effects in seismic design are based on either the amplification of demands via factors which are the product of extrapolation of elastic behavior under monotonic loading, or by the direct use of second order elastic analysis. Several studies show that such approach is not consistent with actual behavior of inelastic structures subjected to earthquake induced ground motions. Moreover, as it is well known, several displacement based methods aimed at performance oriented design applications that rely on a more rational basis than code prescribed force-based design have been developed in the last two decades. However, few efforts have been carried out towards the development of criteria to account for P-Delta effects in this type of methods, and some of them rely on similar assumptions to that of the aforementioned approach. For this reason, the authors of this paper proposed a new design method that allows the design of structures with a P-Delta induced instability condition for either a near-collapse limit state, i.e., exceedance of a code prescribed interstorey drift, or a sidesway-collapse limit state, i.e., failure due to dynamic instability. The method proposed was presented in a previous paper where it was shown that it provided good results when used for the design of framed structures subjected to far-field ground motions of hard soil sites. It is the purpose of the present paper to show the validity of the method proposed to design structures subjected to seismic demands characteristic of soft soil sites in the Valley of Mexico. It illustrates an overview of the response of unstable SDOF systems due to P-Delta effects subjected to such type of demands, and the results of design applications of the method proposed of 8-, 12-, 16and 20-storey frames, along with the results of incremental dynamic analysis of such frames. The seismic demands considered were a set of 100 real earthquake ground motions recorded at a few soft soil sites of Mexico City. From the comparison of the expected performance vs. that attained from incremental dynamic analysis, the authors conclude that the method proposed allows the design of instability prone structures with severe P-Delta effects subjected to demands characteristic of the lake-bed zone of the Mexico Valley for either near-collapse or sidesway-collapse limit states.
Optimisation of the Flow of Orders in a Flexible Manufacturing System

Optimiranje pretoka naroèil v prilagodljivih obdelovalnih sistemih je vedno znova zelo pereèe. Poleg znanih obièajnih metod optimiranja pretoka se uveljavljajo tudi nedeterministiène metode. Metode optimiranja pretokov z genetskimi algoritmi spadajo med omenjene metode. V prispevku sta definirani dve prilagoditveni funkciji, ki opieta problem optimiranja èasov in strokov izvedbe naroèila. Z metodo genetskih algoritmov je nato izvedeno iskanje taknega pretoka, da je vrednost prilagoditveni funkcij èim manja. © 2003 Strojniki vestnik. Vse pravice pridrane. (Kljuène besede: sistemi obdelovalni prilagodljivi, pretok naroèil, optimiranje, algoritmi genetski)
Cubical methods in homotopy type theory and univalent foundations

Cubical methods have played an important role in the development of Homotopy Type Theory and Univalent Foundations (HoTT/UF) in recent years. The original motivation behind these developments was to give constructive meaning to Voevodsky’s univalence axiom, but they have since then led to a range of new results. Among the achievements of these methods is the design of new type theories and proof assistants with native support for notions from HoTT/UF, syntactic and semantic consistency results for HoTT/UF, as well as a variety of independence results and establishing that the univalence axiom does not increase the proof theoretic strength of type theory. This paper is based on lecture notes that were written for the 2019 Homotopy Type Theory Summer School at Carnegie Mellon University. The goal of these lectures was to give an introduction to cubical methods and provide sufficient background in order to make the current research in this very active area of HoTT/UF more accessible to newcomers. The focus of these notes is hence on both the syntactic and semantic aspects of these methods, in particular on cubical type theory and the various cubical set categories that give meaning to these theories.
Early Verification of ISA Extension Specifications using Deep Reinforcement Learning

For IoT devices the demand in faster execution and at the same time lower energy consumption is a pressing problem. A very promising solution are Application-Specific Instruction-set Processors (ASIPs). They make use of custom instructions, which are added to the processor, forming the Instruction-Set Extension (ISE) of a given Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). While the selection process for the ISE is already challenging, an incorrect ISE specification leads to severe problems: errors and security vulnerabilities go undetected in the first formalization and in the worst case show up ultimately in the final implementation. In this paper, we propose an early verification approach for ISE specifications. Our novel approach is based on two ingredients: (i) Virtual Prototypes (VPs) to enable a rapid creation of an executable specification for the ISE; and (ii) Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to search for ISE programs which violate the ISE specification intent. As case study we consider extensions of the RISC-V base ISA. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for finding functional bugs in the executable specification of the ISE as well as specification gaps in the ISE leading to information leakage.
Implementation of carry save adder in Radix 10 multiplier

: We present a BCD parallel multiplier having some properties of two different redundant BCD codes to speed up its computation. Partial products are generated in parallel using a signed-digit radix-10 recoding of the BCD multiplier with the digit set [-5, 5], and a set of positive multiplicand multiples (0X, 1X, 2X, 3X, 4X, 5X) coded in XS-3. This encoding has several advantages. The partial products can be recoded to the ODDS representation by just adding a constant factor into the partial product reduction tree. Since the ODDS uses a similar 4-bit binary encoding as non-redundant BCD, conventional binary VLSI circuit techniques, such as binary carry-save adders and compressor trees, can be adapted efficiently to perform decimal operations.
Evolutionary study on two closed Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) species from Zagros Mountains (IRAN) using molecular methods

Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I DNA sequences are a good discriminative marker for phylogenetic studies in crustaceans and especially in amphipoda. In the present study, molecular and morphological data were analyzed to test whether Gammarus lobifer authority and Gammarus balutchi authority which one or two geographically separated but morphologically similar species. The analyses proved that there are two species and that uplift of the Zagros Mountains was probably the most important cause of Allopatric speciation in this region during the Miocene period.
Targeted Next-generation Sequencing Reveals a Homozygous Nonsense Mutation in CAPN3 that Causes Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A First in Vietnam

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a genetically heterogeneous entity characterized by progressive wasting of the shoulder and pelvic-girdle muscles. Diagnosing particular types of LGMD is still challenging, especially in developing countries, with targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) emerging as the most advanced diagnostic tool. Here, a 15-year-old Vietnamese girl with proximal muscle weakness was examined for genetic cause via targeted NGS using the AmpliSeq Inherited Disease Ready-to-Use Panel on the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine of the detected nucleotide changes, a mutation in exon 3 of CAPN3 was considered to be the responsible mutation. In the readpile-ups, only T was observed at the 424th nucleotide, while only C was observed in the normal sample. The c.424 C>Ttransition in CAPN3 shifted glutamine to a stop codon at the 142nd amino acid residue (p.Q142X). The homozygous c.424C>T genotype was confirmed via XspI restriction enzyme digestion using polymerase chain reaction-amplified product from the index case encompassing exon 3.The patient was concluded to be autosomal recessive LGMD type 2A. XsaIdigestion of 100 control Vietnamese genomes disclosed one carrier of this mutation. Thus, LGMD type 2Awas first diagnosed in Vietnam, a developing country, via targeted NGS, avoiding invasive muscle biopsy.
Probabilistic Learning on Graphs via Contextual Architectures

We propose a novel methodology for representation learning on graph-structured data, in which a stack of Bayesian Networks learns diﬀerent distributions of a vertex’s neighbourhood. Through an incremental construction policy and layer-wise training, we can build deeper architectures with respect to typical graph convolutional neural networks, with ben-eﬁts in terms of context spreading between vertices. First, the model learns from graphs via maximum likelihood estimation without using target labels. Then, a supervised readout is applied to the learned graph embeddings to deal with graph classiﬁcation and vertex classiﬁcation tasks, showing competitive results against neural models for graphs. The computational complexity is linear in the number of edges, facilitating learning on large scale data sets. By studying how depth aﬀects the performances of our model, we discover that a broader context generally improves performances. In turn, this leads to a critical analysis of some benchmarks used in literature.
Steady State High N Discharges and Real-Time Control of Current Profile in JT-60U

The sustainment of the high normalized beta value N has progressed remarkably in JT-60U. N=3 was sustained for 6.2s and N=2.5 for 15.5s, and N=2.1 for 20 s, only interrupted by the capability of neutral beam heating system (power and pulse length), not by the plasma stability, with low safety factor (q95=2.2, 3.4, and 3.2, respectively). In the case of N=2.1, in particular, the current profile reached a steady state. In this low safety factor regime, the resonant surfaces with q=3/2 and 2/1 were shifted outside the steep pressure gradient layer, stabilizing the neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) above the previous N-limit imposed by NTMs. To establish the feedback control of the safety factor profile q( ), a real-time q( ) control system has been developed using the motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic as detector and the lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) as actuator. For the first time, real-time feedback control has been demonstrated based on local pitch angle measurement and control of parallel refractive index of LH waves adjusting the LHCD location.
HIGH FREQUENCY INVERTER FOR MULTI- COIL INDUCTION HEATING

This paper proposes the control of high frequency resonating inverter for multicoil induction heating. The Full bridge voltage source inverter is operated at high frequency to induce high amount of eddy currents as eddy current heat generation vary as square of the eddy current frequency. To obtain high power-output two coils are used together which adds one more leg to the full bridge inverter. Output power is varied by asymmetrical duty cycle modulation which varies width of positive half-cycle of bridge output voltage to vary rms value of output voltage. Secondly, the inverter is resonated with series LLC load to reduce switching losses at high frequencies around 118.5 kHz 120.5 kHz. The principle proposed is verified through PSIM software. The results for control of power and ZVS across the switches in inverter legs are presented.
Electron-Beam Irradiation for Boosting Storage Energy Density of Tuned Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)/Graphene Nanoplatelet Polymer Composites

In current, the energy storage materials based on electrets and ferroelectric polymers are urgently demanded for electric power supply and renewable energy applications. The high energy storage density can be enhanced by conducting or inorganic fillers to ferroelectric polymer matrix. However, agglomeration, phase separation of fillers, interfacial phase regions and crystallinity of matrix remain the main factors for the improvement of energy storage density in those composites. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) was modified with graphene nanoplatelets for enhanced the dielectric properties and energy storage density, which combines the irradiated by electron beam. Tuning effect of the crystalline regions and polar phases with graphene nanoplatelets and electron irradiation on its surface, structure, electrical and energy storage properties were observed. The film homogeneity was increased by reducing the pores, along with the improvement of surface roughness and hydrophobicity, which related with the dielectric properties and energy storage density. The β-phase fraction and crystallinity improvement significantly affect electrical properties by improving polarization and dielectric constant. As a core, electron beam dramatically reduce the crystals size by two times. Hence, energy storage density of composites was enhanced, while energy loss was reduced under operating conditions. Results on the improvement of energy efficiency were from 68.11 to 74.66% for neat poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)), much higher than previously reported of 58%, and doubled for P(VDF-HFP)/GNPs composites which will be discussed and evaluated for the practical energy storage materials.
Job Search Assistance for Refugees in Jordan: An Adaptive Field Experiment Pre-Analysis Plan

This document outlines our pre-analysis plan for using Thompson sampling to test the effects of job search assistance in Jordan. We will work with a population that is composed of Syrian refugees and Jordanian nationals residing in urban areas of Jordan. Jordan offers a unique opportunity to study refugees’ integration in the labour market. While in many countries refugees do not have the right to work, or have to clear long bureaucratic hurdles before being granted such right, Jordan has recently passed a series of reforms – known as the Jordan Compact – which give refugees the right to work in low-skilled formal jobs. However, since the introduction of the reform, formal employment rates among refugees have failed to grow as rapidly as expected. In this project, we will evaluate interventions that are tailored to removing the main obstacles refugees may encounter in the formal labour market.
Neonatal aerophagia dilemma - a gastrointestinal functional disorder: role of imaging studies.

Aerophagia is excessive swallowing of air which goes to stomach through oesophagus and causes abdominal distention. This may alert the parents of pediatric age group especially neonates and causes anxiety. Although it’s a functional condition, the clinical presentation can suggest malabsorption or obstruction, leading to unnecessary tests and investigations. We present a 15 days -old neonate who was brought to the pediatric surgical emergency with one such condition Case Study and was managed conservatively after imaging studies ruled out any underlying pathology. The case was discharged without any surgical intervention.