Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imaging Features of Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation in Spleen

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the features of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) in spleen on the imaging of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR). Materials and Methods From July 2006 to April 2017, 12 patients with SANT confirmed by pathology were evaluated in a retrospective study. Eight patients were with CT imaging only, 2 patients were with MR imaging only, and 2 patients were with both CT and MR. Three professional senior radiologists analyzed the imaging features on CT and MR. The main characteristic analysis included size, margin, density, signal intensity, and enhancement pattern. The significant enhancement was defined as the degree of enhancement of lesion that is higher than the surrounding spleen parenchyma, and the mild enhancement was defined as the degree of enhancement of lesion that is lower than the surrounding spleen parenchyma. Results All the 12 patients (5 men, 7 women; mean age, 45.8 years; age range, 21–62 years) presented as single lesion without special clinical symptoms. The range of lesions on diameter was from 25 to 80 mm. On CT images, 9 (90%) of 10 presented as hypodense in comparison with the parenchyma of spleen, 1 (10%) of 10 presented as isodense, and calcification was observed in 4 (40%) of 10 cases. On MR images, 4 (100%) of 4 manifested heterogeneous hypointensity on in-phase sequence and 3 (75%) of 4 performed as isointensity on out-of-phase sequence of T1-weighted. On the sequences of T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted image, 4 (100%) of 4 showed hypointensity. On CT and MR enhancement images, the number of significant enhancement and mild enhancement was 2 and 10, respectively. Seven (58%) of 12 showed progressive enhancement with the pattern of “spoke-wheel. ” Conclusions Imaging features on CT and MR have a high diagnostic value for SANT, especially when CT combined with MR examination.
Asymmetric Michael Addition of Malonates to Enones Catalyzed by an α-d-Glucopyranoside-Based Crown Ether

Abstract The chiral monoaza-15-crown-5 lariat ether annelated to methyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-glucopyranoside has been applied as a phase-transfer catalyst in several Michael addition reactions under mild conditions affording the adducts with good to excellent enantioselectivities. In the addition of α-substituted diethyl malonates to trans-chalcones, the substituents of the reactants had a significant impact on the yield and enantioselectivity. Among the reactions of substituted diethyl malonates, that of diethyl-2-acetoxymalonate gave the best results (up to 97% ee). New phase-transfer-catalyzed cyclopropanation reactions (MIRC reactions) of a few enones were also developed using diethyl 2-bromomalonate as the nucleophile. The corresponding chiral cyclopropane derivatives were formed with enantioselectivities up to 92% from 2-benzylidenemalononitrile starting materials, in up to 60% enantiomeric excess using 2-benzylidene-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanediones, and in up to 88% optical purity applying trans-chalcones as the starting materials.
An Asymmetrical Bulk CMOS Switch for 2.4 GHz Application

A novel asymmetrical single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch for 2.4 GHz application with high power handle ability is developed. The novel asymmetrical topology is discussed. To increase the power capacity, ac-floating and dc-bias techniques are used. Using these techniques, a switch achieves a measured P1dB of 20.5 dBm, an insertion loss (IL) of 1.16 dB and an isolation loss of 20.8 dB in TX mode; an insertion loss of 1.57 dB and isolation of 21.6 dB in RX mode. The circuit is fabricated using 3.3-V 0.35-μm DNW NMOS transistors in 0.18-μm bulk CMOS process.
Comparison of the Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Profiles of Big Eye Tuna (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Bighead Carp (Aristichthysnobilis) Heads

Big eye tuna (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) are three representative marine and fresh water fishes. In this study, the content of total lipids (TL), triglyceride (TG) fraction, and the fatty acid profiles in the corresponding fish heads were analyzed. Meanwhile, their complicated TG molecular species were further characterized. The results showed that TG was the major lipid in these three fish heads (60.58–86.69%). Compared with other two fish heads, big eye tuna head was the most abundant in polyunsaturated fatty acids, among which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accounted for 64.29% and 32.77% in the TL and TG fraction, respectively. It is also worth noting that EPA+DHA/total fatty acid (TFA) value of TL and TG fraction from bighead carp head showed no significant difference with Atlantic salmon head, a typical marine fish. There were 146 TG molecules detected in big eye tuna head, 90 in Atlantic salmon and 87 in bighead carp heads. DHA or EPA accounted for 56.12%, 22.88%, and 5.46% of the total TG molecules in these three fish heads, respectively. According to principal component analysis, orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis and the constructed heat map, the three samples could be completely differentiated based on their TG molecule fingerprints. This study is the first to compare marine and fresh water fish from the perspective of their heads’ fatty acid and TG molecule profiles.
Mutual Coupling Reduction of a (2×1) MIMO Antenna System Using Parasitic Element Structure for WLAN Applications

In this paper, a novel parasitic element structure is proposed to reduce the mutual coupling produced in a compact (2×1)multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna system working at 2.4 GHz for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The proposed structure has a rectangular shape with (10) square slots built using FR-4 substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4 and loss tangent 0.025. The resulted MIMO antenna is found to have a low mutual coupling of about 25dB and an envelope correlation coefficient less than 0.1 in the band of interest. The antenna also has a wide relative bandwidth of 18.75%, high total efficiency of 89.5% and acceptable realized gain of about 2.25dBi.
Nanoscale mapping of chemical composition in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite films

Synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy shed light on the nanoscale chemical heterogeneities in hybrid perovskites for solar cells. Lead-based organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) solar cells can attain efficiencies over 20%. However, the impact of ion mobility and/or organic depletion, structural changes, and segregation under operating conditions urge for decisive and more accurate investigations. Hence, the development of analytical tools for accessing the grain-to-grain OIHP chemistry is of great relevance. Here, we used synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (nano-FTIR) to map individual nanograins in OIHP films. Our results reveal a spatial heterogeneity of the vibrational activity associated to the nanoscale chemical diversity of isolated grains. It was possible to map the chemistry of individual grains in CsFAMA [Cs0.05FA0. 79MA0.16Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3] and FAMA [FA0.83MA0. 17Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3] films, with information on their local composition. Nanograins with stronger nano-FTIR activity in CsFAMA and FAMA films can be assigned to PbI2 and hexagonal polytype phases, respectively. The analysis herein can be extended to any OIHP films where organic cation depletion/accumulation can be used as a chemical label to study composition.
Application framework of digital twin-driven product smart manufacturing system: A case study of aeroengine blade manufacturing

In the wake of the continuous deepening of the application of new generation information technology in the manufacturing field, digital twin, as a most new active factors for smart manufacturing, has become a new research hot spot. Based on such a background, the article proposes a novel application framework of digital twin-driven product smart manufacturing system and analyzes its operation mechanism. Key enabling technologies such as digital twin mapping technology with manufacturing entity, twinning of cyber and physical manufacturing system, as well as twining data-driven machining parameter optimization are also illustrated in detail. Finally, a case of the aeroengine fan blade manufacturing is given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the implementation method mentioned above. Meanwhile, potential industrial applications and limitations are discussed as well to provide valuable insights to aeroengine blade manufacturers.
The Pleasant Emotion of Sad Music

In general, sad music is thought to cause us to experience sadness, which is considered an unpleasant emotion. As a result, the question arises as to why we listen to sad music if it evokes sadness. We hypothesized that felt and perceived emotion may not actually coincide in this respect: sad music would be perceived as sad, but the experience of listening to sad music would evoke positive emotions. A total of 44 participants listened to musical excerpts and provided data on perceived and felt emotions by rating 62 descriptive words or phrases related to emotions on a scale that ranged from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very much). The results revealed that the sad music was perceived to be more tragic, whereas the actual experiences of the participants listening to the sad music induced them to feel more romantic, more blithe, and less tragic emotions than they actually perceived with respect to the same music. Thus, the participants experienced ambivalent emotions when they listened to the sad music. After considering the possible reasons that listeners were induced to experience emotional ambivalence by the sad music, we concluded that the formulation of a new model would be essential for examining the emotions induced by music and that this new model must entertain the possibility that what we experience when listening to music is vicarious emotion.
Raytraced images for testing the reconstruction of fibre orientation distributions

The orientation distribution of fibres is relevant to the properties of a number of different kinds of fibrous materials from many fields like biology and engineering, including short fibre reinforced composites. The Persistence of Vision Raytracer (PoV-Ray) is a program for creating photorealistic images using raytracing. We discuss a sort of "creative misuse" of this program in science, because it was originally developed as an artistic software. However, the ability to create virtual images of virtual parts, test the image recognition software that is used to measure the fibre orientation distribution, and compare the results with the known distibution is a huge step forward. In this article the focus is on slicing/photometry, but computed-tomography-like images or microscope images could be produced as well and used to test segmentation and skeletonization algorithms.
Higher spin holography with Galilean symmetry in general dimensions

We construct Schrödinger-like solutions of the Vasiliev higher spin theory in D > 3 dimension. Symmetries of such solutions and the linearized equation of motion for the scalar on such backgrounds are analyzed. We further propose Galilean invariant bosonic and fermionic field theories that could be dual to the two parity invariant higher spin theories on the Schrödinger-like background respectively. The discussion is phrased mainly in D = 4 dimension, while similar constructions follow straightforwardly in higher dimensions.
Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from recurrent tonsillitis in children

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the tonsils of children subjected tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsilitis and to determine the spa types of the pathogens, carriage of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles. The study included 73 tonsillectomized children. Bacteria, including S. aureus were isolated from tonsillar surface prior to tonsillectomy, recovered from tonsillar core at the time of the surgery, and from posterior pharynx 2–4 weeks after the procedure. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were compared by spa typing, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and for the presence of superantigenic toxin genes (sea‐seu, eta, etb, tst, lukS/lukF‐PV) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Seventy‐three patients (mean 7.1 ± 4.1 years, 61.6% male) were assessed. The most commonly isolated bacteria were S. aureus. The largest proportion of staphylococcal isolates originated from tonsillar core (63%), followed by tonsillar surface (45.1%) and posterior pharynx in tonsillectomized children (18.2%, p = 0.007). Five (6.3%) isolates were identified as MRSA (mecA‐positive). Up to 67.5% of the isolates synthesized penicillinases (blaZ‐positive isolates), and 8.8% displayed MLSB resistance. The superantigenic toxin genes were detected in more than half of examined isolates (56.3%). spa types t091, t084, and t002, and clonal complexes (CCs) CC7, CC45, and CC30 turned out to be most common. Staphylococcus aureus associated with RT in children showed pathogenicity potential and considerable genetic diversity, and no clones were found to be specific for this condition although further studies are needed.
Hepatoprotective activity of royal jelly on mercuric chloride–induced damage model in rats

Background: Mercuric chloride (MC) is the chemical composition of mercury and chlorine with many side effects such as oxidative stress referring to mercury toxicity. Royal jelly (RJ) as a honey bee secretion has antioxidant activities. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of RJ against the parameters of hepatic damage in male rats induced by MC toxicity. Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 male rats were randomly assigned into six groups: sham (saline) and MC control (50 mg/kg) groups; RJ groups (200 mg/kg RJ for 1 day and 200 mg/kg RJ for 7 days, orally) and MC + RJ groups (200 mg/kg RJ orally + 50 mg/kg MC intraperitoneally for 1 day, and 200 mg/kg RJ orally and 50 mg/kg MC intraperitoneally for 7 days). Griess technique was used for the determination of serum nitric oxide (NO) level. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations were determined for liver functional disturbances value. In addition, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, antioxidant capacity, the diameter of hepatocytes, and the central hepatic vein (CHV) were investigated. Results: MC administration significantly increased the liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO levels, the mean diameter of CHV and hepatocyte, hepatic enzymes, and decreased tissue Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) level compared to the sham group (P < 0.01). The RJ and RJ + MC in all treatments significantly reduced the mean diameter of hepatocyte and CHV, hepatic enzymes, renal MDA and NO levels, and increased tissue FRAP level compared to the MC control group (P < 0.01). It seems that RJ administration recovers the hepatic injury induced by MC in rats.
Preferential targeting of MCL-1 by a hydrocarbon-stapled BIM BH3 peptide

BCL-2 family proteins are central regulators of apoptosis and represent prime therapeutic targets for overcoming cell death resistance in malignancies. However, plasticity of anti-apoptotic members, such as MCL-1, often allows for a switch in cell death dependency patterns that lie outside the binding profile of targeted BH3-mimetics. Therefore discovery of therapeutics that effectively inactivate all anti-apoptotic members is a high priority. To address this we tested the potency of a hydrocarbon stapled BIM BH3 peptide (BIM SAHBA) to overcome both BCL-2 and MCL-1 apoptotic resistance given BIM’s naturally wide ranging affinity for all BCL-2 family multidomain members. BIM SAHBA effectively killed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines regardless of their anti-apoptotic dependence. Despite BIM BH3’s ability to bind all BCL-2 anti-apoptotic proteins, BIM SAHBA’s dominant intracellular target was MCL-1 and this specificity was exploited in sequenced combination BH3-mimetic treatments targeting BCL-2, BCL-XL, and BCL-W. Extending this MCL-1 functional dependence, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) deficient in MCL-1 were resistant to mitochondrial changes induced by BIM SAHBA. This study demonstrates the importance of understanding BH3 mimetic functional intracellular affinities for optimized use and highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic promise of a BIM BH3 peptide mimetic as a potential MCL-1 inhibitor.
People, Pots, Words and Genes: Multiple sources and recon-structions of the transition to food production in eastern Africa

This chapter provides a review of the currently available archaeological evidence relating to the transition to food production in eastern Africa, and some of the supporting linguistic and genetic evidence. In broad terms, livestock herding preceded crop cultivation in the region, with an initial emphasis on sheep and goats, commencing around 4500 to 5000 years ago. By around 3000 years ago, fullblown pastoralist societies with an emphasis on cattle herding occupied much of the savannah areas. From ca. 2500 years ago, metal using farming communities, practicing hoe cultivation of roots crops and cereals were also present, interacting with both pastoralist and autochthonous hunting-gathering-fishing communities. These interactions gave rise to diverse ethnic mosaics, alongside extensive genetic and linguistic exchanges.
Energy harvesting Internet of Things health-based paradigm: Towards outage probability reduction through inter–wireless body area network cooperation

In today’s healthcare environment, the Internet of Things technology provides suitability among physicians and patients, as it is valuable in numerous medicinal fields. Wireless body sensor network technologies are essential technologies in the growth of Internet of Things healthcare paradigm, where every patient is monitored utilising small-powered and lightweight sensor nodes. A dual-hop, inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation and an incremental inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation with energy harvesting in the Internet of Things health-based paradigm have been investigated and designed in this work. The three protocols have been named and abbreviated as follows: energy harvesting–based dual-hop cooperation, energy harvesting–based inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation and energy harvesting–based incremental inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation. Outage probabilities for the three designed protocols were investigated and inspected, and mathematical expressions of the outage probabilities were derived. The simulation and numerical results showed that the energy harvesting–based incremental inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation provided superior performance over the energy harvesting–based inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation and energy harvesting–based dual-hop cooperation by 1.38 times and 5.72 times, respectively; while energy harvesting–based inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation achieved better performance over energy harvesting–based dual-hop cooperation by 1.87 times.
Alteration of Fermentative Metabolism Enhances Mucor circinelloides Virulence

The fungus Mucor circinelloides undergoes yeast-mold dimorphism, a developmental process associated with its capability as a human opportunistic pathogen. Dimorphism is strongly influenced by carbon metabolism, and hence the type of metabolism likely affects fungus virulence. We investigated the role of ethanol metabolism in M. circinelloides virulence. ABSTRACT The fungus Mucor circinelloides undergoes yeast-mold dimorphism, a developmental process associated with its capability as a human opportunistic pathogen. Dimorphism is strongly influenced by carbon metabolism, and hence the type of metabolism likely affects fungus virulence. We investigated the role of ethanol metabolism in M. circinelloides virulence. A mutant in the adh1 gene (M5 strain) exhibited higher virulence than the wild-type (R7B) and the complemented (M5/pEUKA-adh1+) strains, which were nonvirulent when tested in a mouse infection model. Cell-free culture supernatant (SS) from the M5 mutant showed increased toxic effect on nematodes compared to that from R7B and M5/pEUKA-adh1+ strains. The concentration of acetaldehyde excreted by strain M5 in the SS was higher than that from R7B, which correlated with the acute toxic effect on nematodes. Remarkably, strain M5 showed higher resistance to H2O2, resistance to phagocytosis, and invasiveness in mouse tissues and induced an enhanced systemic inflammatory response compared with R7B. The mice infected with strain M5 under disulfiram treatment exhibited only half the life expectancy of those infected with M5 alone, suggesting that acetaldehyde produced by M. circinelloides contributes to the toxic effect in mice. These results demonstrate that the failure in fermentative metabolism, in the step of the production of ethanol in M. circinelloides, contributes to its virulence, inducing a more severe tissue burden and inflammatory response in mice as a consequence of acetaldehyde overproduction.
Probabilistic nowcasting of PBL profiles with surface observations and an ensemble filter

Successful nowcasting and forecasting of the state of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is of value for a wide range of practical forecasting applications. The aim of this work is to find an efficient method for probabilistic nowcasting (0-3 h forecasting) of the state of the PBL wherever surface observations are available under a vast range of weather scenarios. One can also view it as a probabilistic PBL profile retrieval approach, given a background ensemble and surface observations. Surface-layer in-situ observations (2-m shelter and 10m anemometer height) are a dense, inexpensive, accurate and reliable data source. However, as discussed by Hacker and Snyder (2005) and Hacker and RostkierEdelstein (2007) (hereafter referred to as HR07), several difficulties limit their optimal utilization in present operational numerical weather prediction and data assimilation systems. HR07 showed that surface observations can be an important source of information with a single column model (SCM) and an ensemble filter (EF). Comparisons in that work were against free-running simulations, representing a“climatological” distribution, to obtain a direct measure of the impact for surface observations. The results showed that without additional sources of information, it is possible to obtain error levels in the lowest few-hundred meters in the atmosphere that approach observation-error levels. We extended this work to quantify the probabilistic skill of the same SCM, and the SCM with added complexity [Hacker and Rostkier-Edelstein (2008), hereafter referred to as HR08; and the forthcoming paper RostkierEdelstein and Hacker (2009), hereafter referred to as RH09]. We also use a relevant 3D forecast to center the ensemble on each day, rather than using a climatological
Growth And Competition In A Model Of Human Capital Accumulation And Research

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between competition and growth in a model of human capital accumulation and research by disentangling the monopolistic mark-up in the intermediate goods sector and the returns to specialization in order to have a better measure of competition. We find that the steady-state output growth rate depends on the parameters describing preferences, human capital accumulation technology and R&D activity. We also show that the relationship between competition and growth is inverse U shaped. This result that seems to be in line these empirical results (Aghion and Griffith, (2005)) is explained by the resource allocation effect.