Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-Term Artificial Intelligence and the Ethical Matrix

This chapter takes up the issue of near-term artificial intelligence, or the algorithms that are already in place in a variety of public and private sectors, guiding decisions from advertising and to credit ratings to sentencing in the justice system. There is a pressing need to recognize and evaluate the ways that structural racism, sexism, classism, and ableism may be embedded in and amplified by these systems. The chapter proposes a framework for ethical analysis that can be used to facilitate more robust ethical reflection in AI development and implementation. It presents an ethical matrix that incorporates the language of data science as a tool that data scientists can build themselves in order to integrate ethical analysis into the design process, addressing the need for immediate analysis and accountability over the design and deployment of near-term AI.
Pancreatitis in multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: An underdiagnosed complication

Multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MADD) deficiency represents a rare fatty acid oxidation disorder where sporadic reports of pancreatitis already exist. Here, we report three cases of MADD with pancreatic involvement raising questions whether this represents an incidental finding or it is related to the pathophysiology of MADD.
Origin of orthopyroxene-bearing felsic gneiss from the perspective of ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism: an example from the Chilka Lake migmatite complex, Eastern Ghats Belt, India

Abstract Orthopyroxene-bearing felsic gneiss occurs as foliation-parallel layers and bands together with aluminous granulite, mafic granulite, and quartzofeldspathic granulite in the Chilka Lake migmatite complex of the Proterozoic Eastern Ghats Belt, India. The rock was classified previously as charnockite which underwent granulite-facies metamorphism. Field and textural features of this rock show evidence of the partial melting of a biotite-bearing greywacke protolith. Orthopyroxene with/without garnet and cordierite were produced with K-feldspar as peritectic phases of incongruent melting of presumed metaluminous sediments. Fluid-inclusion data suggest the presence of high-density CO2-rich fluids during peak metamorphism, which are similar to those found in associated aluminous granulite. Whole-rock major and trace element data show wide variability of the source materials whereas REE distributions show enriched LREE and flat HREE patterns. Zircon grains from representative samples show the presence of inherited cores having spot dates (SHRIMP) in the range c. 1790–3270 Ma. The overgrowth on zircon was formed predominantly during c. 780–730 Ma and sporadically during c. 550–520 Ma. Some neoblastic zircons with c. 780–730 Ma ages are also present. U-rich dark zones surrounding cores appear partially metamictised, but spot ages from this zone vary within c. 1000–900 Ma. The <1000 Ma ages represent metamorphism that mirrors the events in associated aluminous granulite. The sources of metaluminous sediments are speculative as the rock compositions are largely modified under granulite-facies metamorphism and partial melting. Considering the accretionary tectonic setting of the Eastern Ghats Belt during the c. 1000–900 Ma time frame, a greywacke-type protolith for the migmatite complex has been proposed.
Are island-like systems biologically similar to islands? A review of the evidence

Islands are geographically defined as land masses completely surrounded by water, and island systems have been used as models for many biogeographic, ecological, and evolutionary theories ever since Darwin's pioneering efforts. However, their biological definition is complex. Over the past few decades these theories have been applied to many study systems that only share some geographic features with island systems. These features include spatial fragmentation, limited area, spatial and temporal isolation from adjacent parts of the system, and low connectivity between different parts within the system, to mention just a few. These systems vary in their form, the matrix that surrounds them, the factors defining their borders, the extent of insularity they impose on the different taxa, and their geological similarity to different types of actual islands. Here, I seek to understand whether such island‐like systems (ILS) function biologically as true islands. In the first part, I describe the wide diversity of ILS suggested in the literature and the variation in the features that define their insularity. In the second part, I review the extent to which the main theories of island biology are applicable to these systems: species–area and species–isolation relationships, community composition, evolutionary radiations, and the extent of endemism and genetic diversity. In the third and final part, I suggest a new conceptual framework within which to classify and study the biology of ILS, as well as practical future research directions. I conclude that the term ‘biological island’ is a multi‐faceted concept, loosely related to its geographical definition. As ILS are often less isolated than true islands, and their biological patterns are only partly similar to those of true islands (and even this is true only for some ILS) the use of the term ‘island’ to describe any isolated habitat is therefore inappropriate.
Alanine Metabolism in Bacillus subtilis

Despite a long history of genetic manipulation of Bacillus subtilis using auxotrophic markers in genetic manipulation, the genes involved in alanine metabolism have not been characterised fully. Here we show that B. subtilis expresses an alanine uptake permease, YtnA (DatA), that has a major role in the assimilation of D-alanine from the environment. Since this isomer of the amino acid is not normally abundant it likely source is form the cells own cell wall probably through the action of carboxypeptidases and/or the spontaneous release of D-alanine from the teichoic acids. Also in this work we clarify the synthetic pathways acting in the biosynthesis of alanine. Genetically we show that, unlike E. coli where multiple enzymes have a biochemical activity that can generate alanine, in B. subtilis the primary synthetic enzyme for alanine is encoded by alaT, although a second gene, dat, is present that can support slow growth of an alanine auxotroph however our data suggests that this enzyme probably synthesises D-alanine. In summary this work has provided an explanation of the observation that growth of B. subtilis is linked with an efficient recycling system for D-alanine that is released from the cell as the cell envelope is processed to permit cell enlargement. The results also suggest that the relative abundance of D- and L-alanine that might be linked with cytosolic pool of D and L-glutamate, and so enabling tight coupling protein and cell envelope synthesis with the metabolic status of the cell.
Does sexual dimorphism vary by population? Laryngeal and ear anatomy in cricket frogs

Abstract Acoustic communication in many anuran species can show the effects of both natural and sexual selection. This is reflected in the sexually dimorphic anatomy of the larynx and ear structures, as well as the allometric relationship of these morphological traits to head or body size. In this study, we examined laryngeal and ear structures of cricket frogs Acris crepitans not only as sexually dimorphic characteristics, but also as they differ across populations in environmentally different habitats. We used 2-way ANOVA to determine whether the volumetric or linear measurements of these structures differed by sex and population. Females have significantly larger body, head, and ear sizes, but significantly smaller larynges than males. Furthermore, females as well as males show larger body and head sizes, ears, and larynges in a dryer open habitat. An ANCOVA analysis shows that males, but not females, differ in laryngeal size across populations beyond the allometric changes attributable to head size alone indicating that males have a greater degree of laryngeal population variation. In contrast, our covariate analysis found that in both sexes many of the ear differences are non-significant once head size is accounted for, suggesting that most of the population-level ear variation is due to allometric effects of body size. We conclude that although both sexes show size differences in the larynx related to selection for larger body size in dry, open habitats, selection on males for larger larynx size related to the production of lower frequency calls in those habitats does not result in correlated changes in the female larynx. The results suggest that in anurans, selection for changes in body and head size affects both sexes equally, male calls and the vocal structures responsible for them can further diversify without concordant changes in females.
Determinants of Islamic Bank Credit Risk in ASEAN Countries

Ialamic banking system have been establish more than 30 years ago around the world. However, until today it still facing a lot of obstacles especially in term of credit risk. Thus, the aims of this study is to examine the external (macroeconomic) and internal economic factors that influencing Islamic bank credit risk in ASEAN countries. By using 29 of Islamic banking data in ASEAN from years 2011 until 2018, panel data model was applied in this study. The results from the long run regression of FLOMS, DLOS and PMG suggest management efficiency (MGT) and capital ratio (CR) are the internal factors affects the credit risk of ASEAN Islamic bank. Economic growth, inflation and interest rates are external factors that also found could influencing the Islamic bank credit risk. More research ought to be carried out so that one can understand how credit risk is created in Islamic banking. The finding obtained will provide the further understanding of how Islamic banks should tackle the obstacles they face in order to manage their credit risk
A new species of the genus Zercon (Acari, Mesostigmata, Zerconidae) from Kastamonu, Turkey

A new species, Zercon kastamonuensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on female specimens collected from Kastamonu, Turkey. The new species is closely related to Z. hispanicus Sellnick, 1958, Z. lepurus Blaszak, 1979 and Z. osmaneliensis Urhan, 2008. The similarities and differences between related species within the same genus are also discussed. Additionally, a key to species of the genus Zercon known from Turkey is given.
Effect of PGRs and chemicals on seed germination and physiological parameters of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri L.) under hydroponic condition

This study aimed to investigate the possibility of enhanced germination attributes upon rough lemon’s seeds treated with plant growth regulators and chemicals. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with thirteen treatments replicated thrice. Before the sowing, the seeds were soaked with different concentrations of GA 3 , NAA, KNO 3 and thiourea for 12 hours, while the distilled water were taken as control. The study revealed that the earliest germination (10.33 days), highest percentage of germination (88.83%), Survival percentage (90.47%) and total chlorophyll content in leaves (3.50 mg/g) were recorded with soaking seeds in GA 3 at 150 ppm concentration which were superior to other treatments. However, all treatments have not shown significant effect on accumulation of proline in the seedling leaves.
Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Asplenium nidus (Aspleniaceae), an economically important foliage fern

Abstract It is first reported on complete chloroplast genome of Asplenium nidus, an economically important fern. The genome is 156,173 bp in length with 40.8% GC content, comprising a pair of inverted repeats (22,834 bp for each) separated by a large single copy (89,014 bp) and a small single copy (21,491 bp) region. It encodes 130 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 33 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes, and one pseudogene. The maximum-likelihood tree shows that A. nidus is sister to A. prolongatum with 100% support value. The complete chloroplast genome of A. nidus provides powerful valuable molecular data to address classification issues of Asplenium.
Leaves Aqueous Extract of Boerhavia coccinea Induces Antinociceptive Effect but Increases Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophages

Pain treatment is one of the most challenging situations of the modern medicine. To overcome the actual limitations, new strategies should be developed and phytotherapy represents a promising alternative. Boerhavia coccinea is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of pain. The present work was undertaken to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of crude aqueous extract of the leaves of Boerhavia coccinea (AE) on acute pain and examine its mechanism of action. The analgesic effect of AE was evaluated at doses 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg using the formalin-induced nociception in mice. The specific analgesic effect of AE was verified by testing its effect of AE on the sleep induced by diazepam. The anti-inflammatory effects of AE were also tested in vivo (100 and 200 mg/kg) on CFA-induced inflammation and in vitro (1 to 300 μg/ml) on the production of NO by non-activated or activated (LPS, 1 μg/l) macrophages. The effect of AE in non-stimulated macrophages was evaluated in absence and in presence of L-NAME (100 μg/ml) or dexathetasone (30 μg/ml). AE administered orally significantly (p st phase and 90% at the 2nd phase, but did not show any anti-inflammatory effect. AE at 50 mg/kg increased the latency to sleep and reduced sleep duration. AE drastically (p < 0.001) increased the NO production by non-activated or activated macrophages by up to 5654%. L-NAME and dexamethasone potentiated the activation effect of AE on NO production. In conclusion, AE possess potent antinociceptive effect that is not related to any anti-inflammatory activity. Instead, this extract increases the nitric oxide production by an unknown mechanism.
Composting of byproducts from the orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) agroindustries

There is a global problem involving the generation, management, disposal, and treatment of agro-industrial waste, since it requires technologies for its transformation into the sustainable production of food, fodder, biofuels, fibers, bioproducts, and biofertilizers. The citrus and sugarcane agroindustries generate waste or byproducts that require a special treatment to be reused. Sugarcane byproducts already have an established but unsustainable use. In the case of citrus fruits, 50-60% of the organic waste has an acidic pH (3-4), 95% organic matter, and 80-90% moisture. The objective of this research was to evaluate and model the pile composting method applied to byproducts of the orange and sugarcane agroindustries to obtain compost with competitive physicochemical parameters for use as a soil improver. The pile was designed with a pyramidal rectangular arrangement, and 9 points were established for temperature sampling in three different sections during composting. An average of 55 °C and a pH of 9,1 were obtained at the end of the process. Compared to the regional control, the C/N ratio (27,5), organic matter (65,5%), and macro- and microelements show improved characteristics for use in food production in agroecological agriculture.
ECO-FRIENDLY di PT. BERNOFARM Kabupaten Sidoarjo

PT. Bernofarm memulai kiprahnya di Indonesia sejak tahun 1971, perusahaan ini bergerak di bidang farmasi di Indonesia dan terus memberikan inovasi di bidang kesehatan di Indonesia. Aktivitasnya mencakup bisnis Generik bermerk melalui resep, bisnis Generik melalui Dinkes dan rumah sakit pemerintah di daerah terpencil milik pemerintah, serta produk farmasi lainnya. Manajemen sangat memerlukan keterangan yang nyata dan teratur mengenai kewajiban dan tanggung jawab dari suatu pekerjaan. Uraian tersebut tampak sebagai ikhtisar mengenai fakta penting secara tertulis mengenai pekerjaan seorang pegawai, oleh karena itu PT. Bernofarm berupauah untuk mrlakukan go green dan Eco-Friendly. Akhir-akhir ini, istilah seperti "go green", "Eco-Friendly" dan ramah lingkungan telah menjadi tren diacara talkshow, iklan dan kemasan produk. Istilah ramah lingkungan telah banyak digunakan untuk berbagai produk, namun belum pada arti yang sebenarnya. Dengan memahami makna sebenarnya dari istilah ramah lingkungan, kita dapat menerapkan kegiatan kegiatan yang yang mengarah pada hidup sehat baik bagi planet ini dan penduduknya. Eco-Friendly secara harfiah berarti ramah lingkungan atau tidak berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Istilah yang serin merujuk pada produk yang berkontribusi terhadap gaya hidup "green living" atau gaya hidup hemat energi dan air. Selain itu, produk ramah lingkungan juga dapat mencegah kontribusi untuk polusi udara, air dan tanah. Dengan demikian, maka kita dapat berkontribusi dengan cara membiasakan diri melakukan kegiatan ramah lingkungan agar bisa menjadi lebih sadar tentang bagaimana seharusnya menggunakan sumberdaya. Adanya penggunaan bahan baku, tambahan, dan energi yang tidak optimal menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi perusahaan, diperlukan pembenahan secara maksimal di PT. Bernofarm Sidoarjo dimulai dari modifikasi dan perbaikan mesin-mesin proses produksi, serta penggunaan bahan dan energi yang tepat agar tidak terjadi pemborosan yang dapat meningkatkan biaya produksi. Analisis daur hidup gula terhadap penggunaan bahan baku, tambahan, dan energi secara sistematis.
Phytochemical Screening, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of Alternathera sessilis and Moringa oleifera

Methanol and hexane extracts of leaves of Moringa oleifera and aerial parts of Alternanthera sessilis were screened for the presence of different classes of phytoconstituents. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, polyphenols, glycosides, and coumarins in methanol extracts. Volatile oils, quinines, and phytosterols were absent in all extracts and saponins were present in all extracts. The biological activity of all the extracts was tested by performing brine shrimp bioassay. All the extracts except hexane extract of Moringa oleifera were found to be cytotoxic against brine shrimp nauplii. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Methanol extracts of Moringa oleifera showed the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 65.77 μg/mL. Regarding the ascorbic acid (IC50 value 39.53 μg/mL) as standard, methanol extracts of both plants showed high free radical scavenging activity than that of hexane extracts.
Determinants of Innovative Performance: The Case of an Emerging Country SMEs

Purpose: Malaysia aspires to vie with other developed countries and achieve similar status shortly. Thus, to generate a more knowledge-intensive and innovation-driven economy is crucial for the country. Considering the significance that an Innovation Economy is designed from an amalgamation of knowledge, technology, entrepreneurship, and innovation to hasten productivity, which is the core of economic growth; this study analyzed the relationship of entrepreneurial attitude orientation (EAO), market orientation, and entrepreneurial competencies to competitive intelligence and its impact on the innovative performance of SMEs in Malaysia. Approach/Methodology/Design: This study adopted a cross-sectional research design and collected data from small, medium enterprises from 13 states and two federal territories of Malaysia. Findings: The findings revealed that market orientation has a positive impact on entrepreneurial competencies. It is also found that EAO constructs, in particular conceptual, strategic, and technical competencies, have a significant relationship with competitive intelligence and thereby have an impact on the Malaysian SMEs. Likewise, competitive intelligence positively influences the innovative performance. Practical Implications: Apart from contributing to the body of existing literature on innovative firm performance, the study gives a guideline to the SMEs, government agencies, and universities to create the database and designing their training and development programs to cultivate the sense of innovativeness among Malaysians regardless of age, race, and education background. Originality/Value: This study contributes by supporting that conceptual, strategic, and technical competencies have a significant relationship with competitive intelligence and is achievable to be used by SMEs.
Viral characteristics associated with sustenance of elite neutralizing activity in chronically HIV-1C infected monozygotic pediatric twins

Broad and potent neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) with multiple epitope specificities evolve in HIV-1 infected children. Herein we studied two antiretroviral naïve chronically HIV-1C in-fected monozygotic pediatric twins AIIMS_329 and AIIMS_330 with potent plasma bnAbs. Elite plasma neutralizing activity was observed since initial sampling at 78 months in AIIMS_330 and persisted throughout, while in AIIMS_329 it was seen at 90-months of age after which potency decreased overtime. We evaluated potential viral characteristics associated with the varied immune profile by generating single genome amplified pseudoviruses. The AIIMS_329 viruses generated from 90-month time point sampling were neutralization sensitive to second generation bnAbs and contemporaneous autologous plasma antibodies, while viruses from 112-months and 117-month timepoints were resistant to most bnAbs and autologous contemporaneous plasma. AIIMS_329 viruses developed resistance to plasma nAbs plausibly by N160-glycan loss, V1- and V4-loop lengthening. The viruses generated from AIIMS_330 at 90-month and 117-month timepoint showed varied susceptibility to bnAbs and autologous contemporaneous plasma antibodies while the viruses of 112-month timepoint, at which plasma nAb specificities mapped to the V2-glycan, V3-glycan and CD4bs, were resistant to autologous contemporaneous plasma antibodies as well as most bnAbs. We observed evolution of a viral pool in AIIMS_330 donor, comprising of plasma antibody neutralization sensitive or resistant diverse autologous viruses that in turn may have contributed to development and maintenance of elite neutralizing activity. The findings of this study provide information towards understanding factors involved in generation and maintenance of potent plasma nAbs. Importance Chronically HIV-1 infected children that develop elite neutralizing activity are suitable candidates to understand the mechanisms that lead to the co-evolution of virus and antibody response. Here, we evaluated the alterations in virus and antibody responses over time in chronically HIV-1C infected monozygotic pediatric twins, AIIMS_329 and AIIMS_330, who had acquired the infection by vertical transmission. AIIMS_330 retained the elite plasma neutralizing activity throughout, while in AIIMS_329, the potency decreased post 90 months of age. The corresponding viral pool from post 90-month samples in AIIMS_330 showed varied susceptibility, while that in AIIMS_329, developed resistance to bnAbs and autologous plasma antibodies. The findings of this study, conducted in twin children of same genetic make-up and infected at birth with a single source of HIV-1C, suggest that a viral pool with varied susceptibility to antibodies could have been one of the factors responsible for sustained elite neutralizing activity in AIIMS_330.