Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Algorithm to Retrieve Total Precipitable Water Vapor in the Atmosphere from FengYun 3D Medium Resolution Spectral Imager 2 (FY-3D MERSI-2) Data

The atmosphere has substantial effects on optical remote sensing imagery of the Earth’s surface from space. These effects come through the functioning of atmospheric particles on the radiometric transfer from the Earth’s surface through the atmosphere to the sensor in space. Precipitable water vapor (PWV), CO2, ozone, and aerosol in the atmosphere are very important among the particles through their functioning. This study presented an algorithm to retrieve total PWV from the Chinese second-generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite FengYun 3D Medium Resolution Spectral Imager 2 (FY-3D MERSI-2) data, which have three near-infrared (NIR) water vapor absorbing channels, i.e., channel 16, 17, and 18. The algorithm was improved from the radiance ratio technique initially developed for Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. MODTRAN 5 was used to simulate the process of radiant transfer from the ground surfaces to the sensor at various atmospheric conditions for estimation of the coefficients of ratio technique, which was achieved through statistical regression analysis between the simulated radiance and transmittance values for FY-3D MERSI-2 NIR channels. The algorithm was then constructed as a linear combination of the three-water vapor absorbing channels of FY-3D MERSI-2. Measurements from two ground-based reference datasets were used to validate the algorithm: the sun photometer measurements of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the microwave radiometer measurements of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARMP). The validation results showed that the algorithm performs very well when compared with the ground-based reference datasets. The estimated PWV values come with root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.28 g/cm2 for the ARMP and 0.26 g/cm2 for the AERONET datasets, with bias of 0.072 g/cm2 and 0.096 g/cm2 for the two reference datasets, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm revealed a better consistency with ground-based reference datasets. Thus, the proposed algorithm could be used as an alternative to retrieve PWV from FY-3D MERSI-2 data for various remote sensing applications such as agricultural monitoring, climate change, hydrologic cycle, and so on at various regional and global scales.
Counterbalancing the time-dependence effect on the human mitochondrial DNA molecular clock

We propose a new method for estimating the coalescent age of phylogenetically related sequences that takes into account the observed time dependency of molecular rate estimates. Applying this method to human mitochondrial DNA data we have obtained significantly older ages for the main events of human evolution than in previous estimates. These ages are in close agreement with the most recent archaeological and paleontological records.
Detecting overlapping spatial clusters of high sugar-sweetened beverage intake and high body mass index in a general population: a cross-sectional study

Objective To identify populations and areas presenting higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and their overlap with populations and areas presenting higher body mass index (BMI). Design Cross-sectional population-based study. Setting State of Geneva, Switzerland. Participants 15,767 non-institutionalized residents aged between 35 and 74 years (20 and 74 since 2011) of the state of Geneva, Switzerland. Main outcome measures Spatial indices of sugar-sweetened beverage intake frequency and body mass index. Median regression analysis was used to control for characteristics of patients. Results The SSB intake frequency and the BMI were not randomly distributed across the state. Among the 15,423 participants retained for the analyses, 2,034 (13.2%) were within clusters of high SSB intake frequency and 1,651 (10.7%) was within clusters of low SSB intake frequency, 11,738 (76.1%) showed no spatial dependence. We also identified clusters of BMI, 4,014 (26.0%) participants were within clusters of high BMI and 3,591 (23.3%) were within clusters of low BMI, 7,818 (50.7%) showed no spatial dependence. We found that clusters of SSB intake frequency and BMI overlap in specific areas. 1,719 (11.1%) participants were within high SSB intake frequency and high BMI clusters. After adjustment for covariates (education level, gender, age, nationality, and the median income of the area), the identified clusters persisted and were only slightly attenuated. Conclusion A fine-scale spatial approach allows identifying specific populations and areas presenting higher SSB consumption and, for some areas, higher SSB consumption associated with higher BMI. These findings could guide legislators to develop targeted interventions such as prevention campaigns and pave the way for precision public health. What is already known on this topic The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is an important contributory factor of obesity and obesity-related diseases. SSB consumption varies according to socioeconomic status, which could explain the higher prevalence of obesity in specific areas. SSB taxation faces resistance in many countries due to its potential regressive nature. What this study adds The spatial analysis of individual-level SSB consumption in the state of Geneva provides a clear identification of populations and areas presenting higher SSB consumption and, for some areas, higher SSB consumption along with higher body mass index (BMI). The results demonstrate the persistence of SSB clustering in the geographic space after adjusting for education level, gender, nationality, age, and neighborhood-level median income. The findings provide guidance for future public health interventions to reduce SSB consumption by better targeting vulnerable populations.
Engineering 2D Materials: A Viable Pathway for Improved Electrochemical Energy Storage

Electrochemical energy storage (EES) plays a critical role in tackling climate change and the energy crisis, unfortunately it faces several challenges. Unlike conventional electrode materials which are gradually approaching their capacity limit, the emerging atomically thin 2D materials can potentially open up various new possibilities for design and fabrication of novel EES devices. The studies in this area to date have laid the groundwork in understanding fundamental physics and chemistry of 2D materials, enabling a toolbox of engineering strategies to be used to improve the EES performance. This report reviews recent progress in engineering 2D materials for EES applications. Both theoretical and experimental investigations in this area are summarized, and pathways toward improved EES performance and their novel applications are highlighted based on appropriate integration of promising strategies such as the surface activation, chemical doping, phase engineering, and hybrid structures.
Quantifying range structure to inform management in invaded landscapes

1Table Mountain National Park, South African National Parks, Cape Town, South Africa; 2Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; 3Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, Cape Town, South Africa; 4Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; 5Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Skukuza, South Africa and 6School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. , Australia
Combining analyses, combining optimizations

This thesis presents a framework for describing optimizations. It shows how to combine two such frameworks and how to reason about the properties of the resulting framework. The structure of the framework provides insight into when a combination yields better results. Also presented is a simple iterative algorithm for solving these frameworks. A framework is shown that combines Constant Propagation, Unreachable Code Elimination, Global Congruence Finding and Global Value Numbering. For these optimizations, the iterative algorithm runs in O(n) time. This thesis then presents an O(n log n) algorithm for combining the same optimizations. This technique also finds many of the common subexpressions found by Partial Redundancy Elimination. However, it requires a global code motion pass to make the optimized code correct, also presented. The global code motion algorithm removes some Partially Dead Code as a side-effect. An implementation demonstrates that the algorithm has shorter compile times than repeated passes of the separate optimizations while producing run-time speedups of 4% – 7%. While global analyses are stronger, peephole analyses can be unexpectedly powerful. This thesis demonstrates parse-time peephole optimizations that find more than 95% of the constants and common subexpressions found by the best combined analysis. Finding constants and common subexpressions while parsing reduces peak intermediate representation size. This speeds up the later global analyses, reducing total compilation time by 10%. In conjunction with global code motion, these peephole optimizations generate excellent code very quickly, a useful feature for compilers that stress compilation speed over code quality.
Mobilising experiences of migration: On the relational work of study circle leaders with asylum seekers

Adult education and its teachers have an important role when it comes to providing knowledge that prepares asylum seekers for a potential life in a new country of residence. In this article we focus on the study circles organised by study associations and analyse the way study circle leaders (SCLs) mobilise their experience of migration in their work with asylum seekers. The article is based on interviews with SCLs and managers, who have been SCLs themselves, and by drawing on a social psychological approach, we analyse SCLs’ relational work with the participants. The analysis shows that SCLs’ migrant background is mobilised as a pedagogical resource and has a prominent influence on the relationship with the participants. However, the relationship is a balancing act, since there is a risk that the asymmetrical pedagogical relationship becomes more symmetrical and thus turns into friendship, guardianship and/or social
The sacredness of places in magersari sunanate palace

Abstract Keraton (the Javanese palace) cannot be separated from the existence of sacred spaces and profane spaces manifested in the spatial hierarchy values. Magersari, a settlement located within the palace’s land, still recognizes the existence of profane and sacred spaces, and the condition has implications for the management of spaces. This article focuses on the discovery of the sacred spaces in Magersari and on finding the people’s ways to interpret a sacred place. The method employed in this research was the qualitative-descriptive method with the case study approach where the phases were observing the sacred spaces in Magersari, finding patterns of the layout of the sacred space, and conducting in-depth interviews with key informants in Magersari to find the way the people interpret the sacred spaces. The results have shown that: (1) sacred spaces are not always in the midpoint of space nor the centre of space; (2) sacred spaces are spaces that were firstly built by kings called the original space; (3) the people of Magersari interpret sacred spaces through the oral storytelling told from generation to generation, and this storytelling is in the form of orders (dhawuh) that must be followed by the people as the sign of obedience their kings; (4) The interpretation of sacred spaces is related to the reproduction of power. The people’s obedience to the rules of space management inside the palace area has caused the maintenance of a sacred and profane hierarchy in the palace’s spatial order; hence, not harming the palace’s layout, architecture, and landscape.
Effects on body weight, eating behavior, and quality of life of a low‐energy diet combined with behavioral group treatment of persons with class II or III obesity: A 2‐year pilot study

Obesity is associated with reduced health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Outcomes of nonsurgical weight loss treatment on HRQoL are inconsistent and it is unclear how much weight reduction, or what type of treatment, is required for significant improvements. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle intervention program on weight, eating behaviors, and HRQoL, and to describe participants' experiences of treatment.
House Prices in the Peripheries of Mass Rapid Transit Stations Using the Contingent Valuation Method

With the implementation of growth management planning in urban areas and the realization of sustainable development visions, transit-oriented development has become a form of mainstream urban development. Relevant studies have verified that the market prices of houses in the peripheries of public transit stations are higher than those of regular houses. However, when buying a house, people make price decisions on the basis of their levels of identification with the amenities and environmental qualities of residential locations. The question arises whether current housing price levels in the peripheries of public transit stations properly reflect or over-reflect this consideration. To clarify this, this study selected the peripheries of mass rapid transit (MRT) stations in the Taipei metropolitan area in Taiwan as the research area and designed a willingness-to-pay questionnaire for houses in the peripheries of MRT stations by using the contingent valuation method. Subsequently, a Tobit regression model was established to estimate the prices that people are willing to pay for such houses. The results revealed that after the respondents had considered the advantages and disadvantages of the amenities and environmental qualities of the peripheries of MRT stations, they were willing to pay higher prices for a house in those areas than for a regular house. For houses in the peripheries of elevated stations, the respondents were willing to pay approximately 7.89% more than the average market price of the entire administrative district per square meter. For houses in the peripheries of underground stations, the respondents were willing to pay approximately 5.9% more than the average market price of the entire administrative district per square meter. However, in the peripheries of both elevated and underground stations, the current market house prices are higher than the price levels the respondents were willing to pay. In the peripheries of elevated stations, the market house prices are 33.55% higher, and those in the peripheries of underground stations are 14.82% higher than what the respondents were willing to pay.
Stratospheric Ozone in the Last Glacial Maximum

Using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6, stratospheric ozone in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is investigated. It is shown that, compared with preindustrial (PI) times, LGM modeled stratospheric temperatures are increased by up to 8 K, leading to faster ozone destruction rates for gas phase reactions, especially via the Chapman mechanism. On the other hand, stratospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations are decreased by 10–20%, which decreases catalytic ozone destruction, thereby decreasing ozone loss rates. The net effect of these two compensating mechanisms in the upper stratosphere (above 15 hPa) is a vertically integrated 1–3 Dobson unit (DU) decrease during the LGM. In the lower stratosphere (tropopause to 15 hPa), changes in the stratospheric overturning circulation and resulting transport dominate changes in ozone. Consistent with a weakening of the residual circulation in the LGM, lower stratospheric ozone is increased by 2–5 DU in the tropics and decreased by 5–10 DU in the extratropics, but the latter is partly compensated by ozone increases due to a lower tropopause. It is found that tropospheric ozone is decreased by about 5 DU in the LGM versus PI. Combined changes in stratospheric and tropospheric ozone lead to a decrease in total ozone column everywhere except over the northeast North America, equatorial Indian and West Pacific Oceans. Surface ultraviolet radiation in the LGM versus PI is increased over the Northern Hemisphere middle and high latitudes, especially over the ice caps, and over the Southern Hemisphere near 60°S.
Properties of Gene Expression and Chromatin Structure with Mechanically Regulated Transcription

The mechanical properties of transcription have emerged as central elements in our understanding of gene expression. Recent work has been done introducing a simple description of the basic physical elements of transcription where RNA elongation, RNA polymerase (RNAP) rotation and DNA supercoiling are coupled [1]. Here we generalize this framework to accommodate the behavior of many RNAPs operating on multiple genes on a shared piece of DNA. The resulting framework is combined with well-established stochastic processes of transcription resulting in a model which characterizes the impact of the mechanical properties of transcription on gene expression and DNA structure. Transcriptional bursting readily emerges as a common phenomenon with origins in the geometric nature of the genetic system and results in the bounding of gene expression statistics. Properties of a multiple gene system are examined with special attention paid to role that genome composition (gene orientation, size, and intergenic distance) plays in the ability of genes to transcribe. The role of transcription in shaping DNA structure is examined and the possibility of transcription driven domain formation is discussed. PACS numbers:
First assembly of the gene‐space of
 Lolium multiflorum
 and comparison to other Poaceae genomes

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is one of the most important forage grasses of temperate regions. It is characterized by a high level of within cultivar diversity, making the fixation of traits in breeding programs difficult. The aim of this study was to develop a functional resource for L. multiflorum that will greatly assist the development of genomics‐assisted breeding strategies. The genome of a diploid, heterozygous genotype was sequenced and assembled into 130k scaffolds with a total assembly size of 586 Mb. 61k gene models were annotated and 80.5% of BUSCOs were complete, indicating a good representation of the gene content. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) mining identified 29,840 SSR loci for L. multiflorum, with 4,601 being shared with Lolium perenne L. Proteome comparison with other Poaceae revealed several protein clusters including the SAUR‐like auxin‐responsive protein family, glutathione S‐transferases, BTB‐POZ and the photosystem II light harvesting complex gene B1B2 to be enriched in Lolium spp. , while 86 clusters were more and 293 less abundant in L. multiflorum than in L. perenne. Here we present the first sequence, assembly and annotation of the gene‐space of L. multiflorum, providing a valuable resource for marker identification for breeding programs, genome‐wide association studies or evolutionary studies.
Compact 5G millimeter‐wave dual‐band filter with application in filtenna

In this article, a dual‐band sixth order double symmetric T‐slot filter is proposed for the 5G communication systems. This filter contains two duplicate square resonators and a T‐shape feedline on the Rogers RT duroid 5880 substrate. Operating at the 28 and 38.5 GHz frequencies from licensed 5G frequency bands and small size make this filter appropriate for different 5G applications. Furthermore, an LC equivalent circuit for the filter has been considered that helps us to have a better sight of this filter. Measurement results show good agreement with simulations. The attenuation on the passband is less than 1 dB. In order to evaluate the filter performance besides other millimeter waves components, a wideband antenna is combined with the filter to form a filtenna. The achieved results show the appropriate performance and well‐matched with other 5G devices.
Living with Time

Leigh Kweon is a graduate of the Bachelor of Early Childhood Care and Education program at Capilano University. She recently embarked on a new journey as a pedagogist to pursue further learning within and beyond early childhood education. Her research interests are in pedagogical work where theory and practice work together hand in hand, and reimagining early learning as collective and relational lived experiences. Email: leighkweon@gmail.com
Collembolan Assemblages Response to Wild Boars (Sus scrofa L.) Rooting in Pine Forest Soil

Collembola are an important component of soil communities in all terrestrial ecosystems. In temperate coniferous forests, they are one of the most numerous invertebrate groups, and disturbances that change their density and structure may have negative effects on soil fertility and productivity. Our goal was to determine whether intensive rooting in the forest floor by wild boars affects edaphic Collembola. Soil samples from three paired rooted and non-rooted plots in Scots pine stands were taken twice a year to study the impact of such bioturbation on forest collembolan assemblages. Substantial changes in the taxonomic and functional structure of the collembolan assemblages were identified in all disturbed plots. The abundance and number of species significantly decreased in the bioturbated forest floor. The shares of atmobiotic and hemiedaphic springtails increased at the expense of epedaphic forms. Most of the differences were evident shortly after grubbing but were not significant a few months later. The decline in moisture in disturbed soil could be an explanatory factor causing the differences in the structure and abundance of collembolan assemblages between the bioturbated and intact plots. Our study revealed that large mammals ubiquitous in forest ecosystems can be an important disturbing factor for soil microarthropods. Intensive wild boar rooting in the forest floor had a strong negative effect on the occurrence and abundance of Collembola. This kind of bioturbation also modified the functional structure of assemblages, which in turn may have important consequences for the soil food web and above- and belowground interactions.
Consumer behaviour of young generation in slovakia towards cocoa-enriched honey

The new trend of healthy lifestyle increases consumers´ attention towards superfoods or functional food. Due to this fact, honey enriched with various healthy foods such as cocoa, cinnamon, ginger or dried fruits has started to appear on the European market. The aim of this research paper was to investigate consumer´s perception and preferences for cocoa-enriched honey. Consumer research was based on questionnaire survey extended by product testing. This survey was conducted in 2018 (February and March) and in total 257 young Slovak consumers between 18 - 30 years participated. Each respondent tested and evaluated sensory attributes of the product (taste, aroma, colour and texture) using a 5-point scale. Statistical analyses included Friedman test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's Exact Test, Pearson Chi-square test and Cramer'V coefficient. Results showed that the cocoa-enriched honey was evaluated as tasty, aromatic, gently, delicious, special, with ideal sweetness and amount of cocoa. All sensory attributes were evaluated positively (2 - good). Females were more interested in the purchase of this product. Moreover, the product would be purchased mostly by respondents who consider it a healthier alternative to commercial chocolate spreads or by those who consider their eating habits healthy. Laboratory tests revealed that the antioxidant activity of the product was higher in comparison to normal honey. In conclusion, the obtained information could be used in product positioning, promotion and designing appropriate marketing strategy.