Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peer Relationships of Children in Middle Childhood.

To specify different modes of individual children's social integration, this study examined qualitative and quantitative aspects characterizing distinct types of peer relationships. Subjects were 255 children in grades 2 through 5 of an inner-city primary school in Berlin, Germany. Subjects were individually interviewed at school about their friends, and were asked to nominate all children with whom they had contact outside school. A subsample of 116 children and their parents were additionally interviewed at home about further characteristics of their friendships, their concept of friendship, the quality of the parent-child relationship, and other characteristics of family life. Three descriptive scales (assistance, fun, and absence of quarreling) were developed and confirmed by factor analysis to be different dimensions of relationship descriptions. Analysis revealed that children described same-sex relationships as more intense than opposite-sex relationships. Having opposite-sex relationships and getting assistance and fun in opposite-sex relationships was positively related to social and cognitive development. The same result was not found for same-sex relationships. Relationships with classmates were of higher importance for children's feeling of acceptance than relationships with non-classmates1 Finally, analysis showed that reciprocal relationships were more intense and provided more assistance and fun than non-reciprocal relationships. (MM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) )(il's document has been reproduced as ecerved from the person o organ aatton originating it C Minor changes have been made to Improve reproduction Quality RointS of mew or ommons stated in thisdoCument do not neCessanly represent official OERI pOSitton Or oCtItcy PEER RELATIONSHIPS OF CHILDREN IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD Lothar Krappmann, Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin Hans Oswald, Karin Weiss, and Harald Uhlendorff, Freie Universitat Berlin, Fed. Rep. of Germany "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL IN OTHER THAN PAPER COPY HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). Paper presented at the 60th Anniversary Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development New Orleans, Louisiana, March 25 28, 1993
Quasi-periodic solutions of fractional nabla difference systems

In this paper, we analyse periodic properties of fractional nabla difference systems. First, we prove that a system of fractional nabla difference equations with a periodic right hand side can not possess a periodic solution. Next, we establish sufficient conditions on the existence of a unique S -asymptotically T -periodic solution for this difference system. Finally, we provide an example illustrating the obtained results. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 34A08, 39A23, 39A99.
EXAMINE DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL ACTIVATION PATTERNS DURING WORKING MEMORY TASKS

Neuroimaging in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has consistently shown a profile of under-activation in the frontal lobes. However, studies examining frontal lobe activation in ADHD rarely control for working memory ability. We divided adult ADHD participants and ageand gender-matched controls into two groups, based on digits backward performance (good working memory, poor working memory) and compared their dorsolateral prefrontal cortex oxygenation during performance of an inhibition task (Stroop) and a working memory task (auditory Nback), using 2-channel Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). There were no effects of diagnostic group or working memory ability on Stroop performance or on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during the Stroop task. There was no main effect for diagnosis on behavioral performance on the 2-back task (p = 0.64), but there was a main effect of working memory skill (p = 0.009); individuals with poorer working memory ability did worse on the 2-back, regardless of diagnosis. NIRS analysis showed that individuals with ADHD activated significantly less on the 2-back than controls, regardless of working memory ability (p = 0.05). Exploratory analyses showed that individuals with ADHD with poor working memory activated significantly less (p = 0.05) than controls with poor working memory, while ADHD and controls with good working memory did not differ from one another (p = 0.60). Results suggest a possible interaction between working memory ability and a diagnosis of ADHD, and emphasize the importance of examining pre-existent ability in studies measuring brain activation.
Conceptualizing Information Privacy and Disclosure

Mobile applications continue to experience explosive growth. Using mobile apps often requires disclosing location data—often along with various other forms of private information. Existing research has implied that consumers are willing to accept privacy risks for relatively smaller benefits and the mobile app context appears to be no different. In other words, consumers do not demonstrate perfect rationality regarding their valuation of risks and benefits regarding mobile app information disclosure. This study employs a theoretical lens based on privacy calculus, but integrated with prospect theory and intertemporal choice to explain how and why this "bounded" rationality occurs in information disclosure decisions through mobile apps. It reports the results of a controlled experiment involving consumers (n=1025) in a range of ages, education, and employment experience based on actual information disclosure. We find that consumers undervalue the probability of risks and have difficulty separating their existing risk exposure from potential new threats.
Automated Target Detection in Diagnostic Ultrasound based on the CLEAN Algorithm by

Automated Target Detection in Diagnostic Ultrasound based on the CLEAN Algorithm Hassan Masoom Masters of Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2011 In this thesis, we present an algorithm for the automated detection of abnormalities (targets) in ultrasound images. The algorithm uses little a priori information and does not require training data. The proposed scheme is a combination of the CLEAN algorithm, originally proposed for radio astronomy, and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) processing, developed for use in radar systems. Neither of these algorithms appears to have been previously used for target detection in ultrasound images. The CLEAN algorithm identifies areas in the ultrasound image that stand out above a threshold in relation to the background; CFAR techniques allow for an automated and adaptive selection of the threshold. The algorithm was tested on simulated B-mode images. Using a contrastdetail analysis, probability of detection curves indicate that, depending on the contrast, the method has considerable promise for the automated detection of abnormalities with diameters greater than a few millimetres.
International Transmission of Environmental Policy: A New Keynesian Perspective

In this paper we examine the international transmission of environmental policy using a New Keynesian model of the global economy. We first consider the case in which the quality of the environment affects utility, but not productivity. This allows us to look at the trade-off between environmental quality and output. We then consider the case in which the quality of the environment increases productivity but does not affect utility. Our main results show that in both cases a unilateral implementation of a more stringent environmental policy by the domestic country raises foreign welfare under a benchmark parameterization. Our modeling strategy allows an analysis of how nominal rigidities interact with the implementation of environmental reforms, by allowing the domestic country to shift, through exchange rate depreciation, parts of the costs of more stringent environmental policies to the foreign one.
Physico-chemical, engineering and functional properties of two soybean cultivars

Information on the physico-chemical, engineering and functional properties of soybean is pertinent to design equipment for the grading, pretreatments and processing. It will also help to decide the right end-use of the valuable crop as it has various diverse applications. This study evaluated these properties of two popular cultivars of soybean grown in Punjab, India viz. SL-744 and SL-958 and the investigations revealed that the grains of SL-958 are bolder and heavier than SL-744 with lighter color, greater hydration capacity, swelling capacity and volume making it more suitable for applications which require soaking and heat processing. SL-744 exhibits higher water absorption and oil absorption capacities as well as foaming capacity hence it can be used in baking industry where these properties are desirable for improving the texture, consistency and flavor of the prepared products.
Introduction—Segregation and Neighborhood Change: Where are we After More Than a Half-Century of Formal Analysis1

Beginning with the work of University of Chicago sociologists in the 1920s, social scientists have been interested in explaining the uneven group distributions of individuals and households as well as the dynamics driving these distributions by using a human ecological approach (McKenzie, 1924; Park et al., 1925; Park, 1936). By the 1950s, this approach began to take a sharp turn toward formal quantitative analysis, a turn that marked the beginning of segregation analysis. What was diminished by this change was the attention paid to both the spatial dimensions of local unevenness and the dynamic processes of neighborhood change. The first formal measure of segregation probably was introduced by Bell (1954), yet Duncan and Duncan’s (1955) dissimilarity index D was used far more widely to summarize residential segregation patterns for entire metropolitan areas. There are some disciplinary variations; for example, economists favor using the Gini index (Silber, 1989), which also has a long history, when measuring income segregation. But the study of segregation has become truly interdisciplinary, expanding from its sociological roots to attract the attention of economists (Galster, 1988; Bayer et al., 2004), geographers (Clark, 1986; Wong, 1993), and urban policy analysts and planners (Jargowsky, 1996; Dawkins, 2004).
Neptunium incorporation in sodium-substituted metaschoepite

Abstract Uranyl oxide hydrate minerals are common in the altered zones of U deposits and are expected to form where spent nuclear fuel is altered in an oxidizing environment. Consistent with all known uranyl oxide hydrate minerals, metaschoepite [(UO2)4O(OH)6](H2O)5, contains sheets of uranyl polyhedra with H2O groups located in the interlayer. Several crystals along the series from metaschoepite to Na-substituted metaschoepite (Na-MS), approximate formula Na[(UO2)4O2(OH)5](H2O)5, have been synthesized and their structures have been determined. Each contains sheets of uranyl pentagonal bipyramids that are topologically identical to those in metaschoepite, schoepite and fourmarierite. The sheets are electroneutral in metaschoepite, but substitution of O for OH located at the equatorial vertices of the uranyl polyhedra gives a charged sheet that is balanced by incorporation of Na in the interlayer. Synthesis of crystals of Na-MS from a solution containing ~500 ppm Np5+, followed by analysis of the crystals using laser-ablation inductively coupled-plasma mass-spectroscopy, demonstrated that the crystals incorporate Np. This is in contrast to earlier studies that showed no incorporation of Np5+ in synthetic metaschoepite (which has electroneutral sheets), and supports the hypothesis that Np5+ incorporation is more likely in uranyl oxide hydrates with charged species in the interlayer.
Gravity effect of water storage changes in a weathered hard-rock aquifer in West Africa: results from joint absolute gravity, hydrological monitoring and geophysical prospection

Advances in groundwater storage monitoring are crucial for water resource management and hydrological processes understanding. The evaluation of water storage changes (WSC) often involve point measurements (observation wells, moisture probes, etc.), which may be inappropriate in heterogeneous media. Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of gravimetry for hydrological studies. In the framework of the GHYRAF (Gravity and Hydrology inAfrica) project, 3 yr of repeated absolute gravity measurements using a FG5-type gravimeter have been undertaken at Nalohou, a Sudanian site in northern Benin. Hydrological data are collected within the long-term observing system AMMA-Catch. Once corrected for solid earth tides, ocean loading, air pressure effects, polar motion contribution and non-local hydrology, seasonal gravity variations reach up to 11 μGal, equivalent to a WSC of 260-mm thick infinite layer of water. Absolute temporal gravity data are compared to WSC deduced from neutron probe and water-table variations through a direct modelling approach. First, we use neutronic measurements available for the whole vertical profile where WSC occur (the vadose zone and a shallow unconfined aquifer). The RMSD between observed and modelled gravity variations is 1.61 μGal, which falls within the error bars of the absolute gravity data. Second, to acknowledge for the spatial variability of aquifer properties, we use a 2-D model for specific yield (Sy) derived from resistivity mapping and Magnetic Resonance Soundings (MRS). The latter provides a water content (θMRS) known to be higher than the specific yield. Hence, we scaled the 2-D model of θMRS with a single factor (α). WSC are calculated from water-table monitoring in the aquifer layer and neutronic measurements in the vadose layer. The value of α is obtained with aMonte-Carlo sampling approach, minimizing the RMSD between modelled and observed gravity variations. This leads to α = Sy/θMRS = 0.63 ± 0.15, close to what is found in the literature on the basis of pumping tests experiments, with a RMSD value of 0.94 μGal. This hydrogeophysical experiment is a first step towards the use of time-lapse gravity data as an integrative tool to monitor interannual WSC even in complicated subsurface distribution.
ISTC PROJECT No . 2009 p SUPERSONIC FLOW CONTROL BY MAGNETIC FIELD Annual Technical Report # 4 Project

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 01-12-2005 2. REPORT TYPE Final Report 3. DATES COVERED (From – To) 15-May-01 22-Mar-06
Electronically Controlled Towing Bar between Agricultural Vehicles Dipl

This paper presents a method to develop an electronically controlled towing bar system, which will enable an autonomous agricultural vehicle to follow a leading tractor with a given lateral and longitudinal offset. In our study not only the follow-up motions but also the problems such as avoiding obstacle, turning at the end of the field have been considered. With the aid of the RTK GPS systems the position of the leading tractor can be obtained with accuracy in the range of centimetres. The position points of the leading tractor are transmitted by wireless modems to the following vehicle continually to provide the target position points for the guidance of the following agricultural vehicle. With the method of curve fitting a desired path for the following vehicle could be dynamically created. Based on the target position points and the path planning, the desired speed and the desired steering angle of the following tractor are calculated. In order to ensure the precise navigation of the driverless following tractor, a course tracking controller and a speed controller have to be designed and implemented. In addition to path tracking methods, considerations about safety of the towing bar system will also be issued in this paper. The whole research work is supported by the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection of the German Government.
Extraction And Characterization of Bioactive Peptides Derived from the Hydrolysates of Total Soluble Proteins of Pistachio Nuts (Pistacia vera L.)

This study explored the potential of pistachio nut (Pistacia vera L.) total soluble proteins to release bioactive peptides exhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, antioxidative, and antibacterial activities. The total soluble proteins were extracted from the ground, defatted nut using 0.010 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 6.8. The extracted proteins were hydrolyzed at different time intervals using trypsin and chymotrypsin. Hydrolysates of the total soluble proteins at 24 h digestion time exhibited the highest ACE-inhibition activity of 76.67 ± 0.10% and 70.83 ± 0.00% for chymotrypsin and trypsin digestion, respectively. The 24 h enzymatic hydrolysates were further fractionated in RP-HPLC using a C18 Vydac column. The C1 fraction from the 24 h chymotryptic hydrolysates and T2 from the 24 h tryptic hydrolysates exhibited the highest ACE-inhibition activities with an IC50 value of 147.7 ± 0.8 and 148.7 ± 0.6 μg/mL, respectively. The 24 h chymotryptic and tryptic hydrolysates also exhibited a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 83.7 ± 1.1% (EC50 = 356.5 ± 1.0 μg/mL) and 80.4 ± 0.2% (EC50 = 402.7 ± 1.1 μg/mL), respectively. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the 24 h chymotryptic and tryptic hydrolysates were found to be 22.8 ± 1.0 and 16.6 ± 3.7%, respectively. However, the 24 h tryptic and chymotryptic hydrolysates did not exhibit any antibacterial activity against the gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the total soluble proteins of pistachio nuts were found to contain peptides exhibiting ACE-inhibition and antioxidative activities upon hydrolysis with trypsin and chymotrypsin.
Nonlinear Analysis of Active Aperture Coupled Reflectarray Antenna Containing Varactor Diode

─ Radiation pattern of reflectarray antenna can be controlled using varactor diode in the antenna structure, but may cause nonlinear response. Thus, it is needed to design active reflectarray antenna considering nonlinear behavior of the unit cell. However, in the past papers, active element of varactor tuned reflectarray antenna is assumed linear, while in this paper, nonlinear analysis of active reflectarray antenna is explained and an active aperture coupled reflectarray unit cell containing two varactor diodes is analyzed. Harmonic balance method is used in analyzing active unit cell using nonlinear model of the diode. Therefore, this paper shows the significance of nonlinear analysis of active reflectarray antenna, and also the effect of nonlinear element in radiation pattern is presented. By the explained method, the impact of nonlinearities on performance of reflectarrays can be investigated. Furthermore, any active reflectarray cell having active device by any nonlinear model can be used in the analysis, and the impact of parameters of the model can be studied. Index Terms ─ Active antenna, beam forming, nonlinear analysis, reflectarray antenna, steerable antenna.
TITLE What Can You Learn ' about Writing in School ? : A Case Study in an Elementary Claiiroom

A two-year study investigated writing in the elementary school. Data collected included field notes from observation of a second/third grade classroom, videotapes of selected classroom activities, weekly journals kept by the teacher reflecting her thoughts on teaching in general and on writing in particular, interviews with the teacher about the contents of . videotapes' and journal entries, student writings collected naturalistically, and conve-rsations with students about their Writing4 ResultS revealed that the teaching and learning of writing was largely inarticulated. When free of the materials andprecise district mandates both . supporting and limiting instruction in other academic areas, writing posed both a problem and an opportunity for the teacher and students. Much of thi creative instruction in writing was "invisible. " -Teachers often engaged students in writing that was incidental (to the cosupletion of other academic tasks), or writing became such a part of everyday life in 'the classroom that it went unremarked upon by those 'involved. (HOD) 41'
1980 Taxonomy and Ecology of Dendrobates bombetes , a New Andean Poison Frog With New Skin Toxins

Dendrobates bombetes, new species, is a small, red-striped frog inhabiting the western Andes near Cali, Colombia. Nearest relatives are the Ecuadoran D. abditus and the northern Colombian D. opisthomelas; these three Andean species are considered a monophyletic unit of the "minutus group" because of a larval synapomorphy. The name D. reticulatus is resurrected from the synonymy of D. quinquevittatus for a small frog occurring sympatrically with quinquevittatus in Amazonian Peru. Dendrobates bombetes was found in two forest types at localities separated by 30 km. distance and 800 m. elevation. Differences in population structure suggest the possibility that either reproductive success or juvenile survivorship may be inversely density dependent. Cool montane forest islands supported dense, presumably stable populations having few juveniles and a high proportion of large (old? ) adults. Marginal habitat in relatively xeric gallery forest supported a small population having significantly more juveniles and smaller (younger? ) adults, suggesting rapid turnover in a precarious habitat. One or two tadpoles were carried by male nurse frogs, but free-living larvae were not found. The call is a short, surprisingly loud and farcarrying, insect-like buzz influenced by ambient temperature. Rising temperature causes pulse rate to increase and call length to decrease; the second effect probably reinforces the first, since there seems to be an independent tendency for short calls to be pulsed faster than long ones. The call of a related species, Dendrobates opisthomelas, differs even at the same temperature in duration, pulse rate, and dominant frequency. Defensive skin secretions of Dendrobates bombetes contained 22 piperidine alkaloids in the two sampled populations, with 15 or 17 compounds each. Interpopulational variation is partly due to minor differences in degree of saturation of some compounds, and the gas chromatographic profiles are therefore much alike even though the sharedalkaloid value is low (67%). Three new alkaloids form at least a natural subgroup in the pumiliotoxin-A class, to which they are tentatively assigned in spite of anomalous mass spectra; a fourth new alkaloid is placed in the pumiliotoxinC class. 1 Curator, Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History. 2 Chief, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases, National Institutes of Health. ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $1.55 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES