Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multiscale Superpixel-level Group Clustering Framework for Hyperspectral Band Selection

Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) contains hundreds of bands, which provides a wealth of spectral information and enables better characterization of features. However, the excessive dimensionality also poses a dimensional disaster for subsequent processing. Fortunately, band selection gives a straightforward and effective way to pick out a subset of bands with rich information and low correlation. Although many hyperspectral band selection methods, especially clustering-based ones, have been proposed by researchers in recent years, the contextual information of adjacent bands and the spatial structural information of materials are not well investigated. Therefore, in this paper, a multiscale superpixel-level group clustering framework (MSGCF) is proposed for hyperspectral band selection. Different from previous, a new superpixel-level distance measure is elaborately utilized to group and cluster the spectral bands, which jointly considers the spectral context and spatial structure information. Concretely, to preserve the spatial structural information of HSI, multiple superpixel segmentation is firstly performed to generate superpixel maps in multi-scales, which enables complementarity of multiple superpixel segmentation algorithms and adaptation to diverse scales of land cover types. Secondly, the grouping and clustering paradigm is introduced to conduct the contextual information among bands. Here the maximum points of superpixel-level KL-ℓ1 distance of adjacent bands are adopted as partition points to separate bands into groups, which encourages adjacent bands with strong correlation to be divided into the same group. Thirdly, a superpixel-level fast density-based clustering method (SuFDPC) with superpixel-level ℓ2,1 distance is developed to select representative bands in every group. Finally, band selection results are achieved with a ranking-based voting strategy by concerning information entropy and frequency of occurrence in a unified scheme. A series of ablation analyses and experimental comparisons on four real HSI datasets have been conducted, as well as similarity comparisons for the selected bands. The experimental results consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of our MSGCF approach. The codes of this work will be available at http://jiasen.tech/papers/ for the sake of reproducibility.
Web building behavior in a wall spider (Oecobiidae) suggests a close relationship with orb-weavers

Behavior is often phylogenetically informative and detailed descriptions of behavior have been used to support taxonomic relationships in several groups, such as birds, lizards, and arthropods. Web building behavior has provided informative traits to several spider families, but observations are lacking for other families, such as wall spiders Oecobiidae. Recent phylogenetic hypotheses based on molecular traits placed oecobiids either close to cribellate orb weavers (Uloboridae) or to long-spinneret spiders (Hersiliidae). Here, we describe for first time the web construction behavior and details of the web design in the oecobiid Oecobius concinnus Simon 1893 (Oecobiidae). We compare them with uloborid and araneoid orb weavers. If Oecobiidae and Uloboridae are closely related, we expect that O. concinnus share some web construction behaviors with these orb weavers. Video recordings and analyses of web structures suggest the sequence of web construction (radii, then sticky spiral construction) and the arrangement of cribellate threads are possible homologies between Oecobiidae and orb weavers, supporting a close relationship of Oecobiidae with Uloboridae.
Plant Extract-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Application in Dental Therapy

Oral diseases are the most common non-communicable diseases in the world, with dental caries and periodontitis causing major health and social problems. These diseases can progress to systematic diseases and cause disfigurement when left untreated. However, treatment of oral diseases is among the most expensive treatments and often focus on restoration of form and function. Caries prevention has traditionally relied on oral hygiene and diet control, among other preventive measures. In this paper, these measures are not disqualified but are brought into a new context through the use of nanotechnology-based materials to improve these conventional therapeutic and preventive measures. Among inorganic nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown promising outcomes in dental therapy, due to their unique physicochemical properties and enhanced anti-bacterial activities. As such, AgNPs may provide newer strategies for treatment and prevention of dental infections. However, numerous concerns around the chemical synthesis of nanomaterials, which are not limited to cost and use of toxic reducing agents, have been raised. This has inspired the green synthesis route, which uses natural products as reducing agents. The biogenic AgNPs were reported to be biocompatible and environmentally friendly when compared to the chemically-synthesized AgNPs. As such, plant-synthesized AgNPs can be used as antimicrobial, antifouling, and remineralizing agents for management and treatment of dental infections and diseases.
Functionalized Crystalline N-Trimethyltriindoles: Counterintuitive Influence of Peripheral Substituents on Their Semiconducting Properties

Three crystalline N-trimethyltriindoles endowed with different functionalities at 3, 8 and 13 positions (either unsubstituted or with three methoxy or three acetyl groups attached) are investigated, and clear correlations between the electronic nature of the substituents and their solid-state organization, electronic properties and semiconductor behavior are established. The three compounds give rise to similar columnar hexagonal crystalline structures; however, the insertion of electron-donor methoxy groups results in slightly shorter stacking distances when compared with the unsubstituted derivative, whereas the insertion of electron-withdrawing acetyl groups lowers the crystallinity of the system. Functionalization significantly affects hole mobilities with the triacetyl derivative showing the lowest mobility within the series in agreement with the lower degree of order. However, attaching three methoxy groups also results in lower hole mobility values in the OFETs (0.022 vs. 0.0014 cm2 V−1 s−1) in spite of the shorter stacking distances. This counterintuitive behavior has been explained with the help of DFT calculations performed to rationalize the interplay between the intramolecular and intermolecular properties, which point to lower transfer integrals in the trimethoxy derivative due to the HOMO wave function extension over the peripheral methoxy groups. The results of this study provide useful insights into how peripheral substituents influence the fundamental charge transport parameters of chemically modified triindole platforms of fundamental importance to design new derivatives with improved semiconducting performance.
Modelling and Simulation an AC-DC Rectifier Circuit Based on Piezoelectric Vibration Sensor for Energy Harvesting System

This paper presents the modeling of a full-wave rectifier circuit based on piezoelectric vibration transducer for energy-harvester system. Piezoelectric vibration crystals are a viable means of harvesting energy for low-power embedded systems e.g. wireless sensor network. Distinct power handling circuits are assessed with the presence of piezoelectric vibration based energy harvesting transducer. Inside the interface circuit, the voltage should be started up when the AC input voltage is very low to supply a regulated DC voltage up to 2V. An active technique is chosen to design an ultra-low power circuit from a piezoelectric vibration transducer. MOSFET bride ac–dc rectifier, energy storage device e.g. capacitor and boost converter with regulator are the common components of the energy harvesting circuits. An integrated promoter ac-dc rectifier circuit and boost converter that accept a maximum input voltage of 0.3V and provide a regulated output voltage of 2V serve as the supply. The MOSFET and thyristor are considered to develop the proposed circuit replacing conventional ac-dc rectifier due to low input voltage at which diode does not work.
Higher education expansion and the changing college wage premium in Hong Kong, 1976–2016

This article examines the trends and patterns of returns to college education in Hong Kong in the context of educational expansion. Using the data from nine waves of population censuses/by-censuses from 1976 to 2016, we employ age–period–cohort models to investigate the trends in college wage premium in Hong Kong. The descriptive statistics show that, for those aged 22–26, college wage premium declined over time. In addition, there are substantial variations in college wage premiums among different birth cohorts, which cannot be explained by age and period main effects. More specifically, college wage premiums declined almost monotonically for those born after 1950, and two younger birth cohorts (1975–1979 and 1980–1984) experienced cumulative disadvantage in terms of the college premium over the life course. We discuss social and political ramifications of these findings.
Detail Experimental Procedure for the Construction Process of Robotic Devices to Teach Aspect of Auto Mechanic

Construction involves the translation of a design into reality, this involves a systematic and conscientious process of bringing together or assembling diverse elements or parts to form a whole. Therefore, special care has to be taken during construction as the design intentions must be achieved. The construction of a robotic instructional model is a task that can be engaged by an expert in the area of Instructional Technology. It requires several practices and devotion to the principles and use of elements of design. Also, the appropriate use of relevant tools, equipment, and tools is indispensable. However, for an interested individual, skills for model construction can be acquired by first having an adequate observational view of the real objects to get familiar with the forms and features of the object. Robotic instructional devices can exhibit gestures and body movements so they could be used by the teacher to explain a concept. Robots can create an interactive and engaging learning experience. The important factors that influence whether the robot is likely to be useful in teaching include usability and the availability of appropriate learning activities and content. There is a need of implementing some content of the curriculum through robotic devices. In the light of this view, this study shows the detailed experimental procedure for the construction process of robotic devices to teach an aspect of Auto Mechanic in Nigerian basic schools.
Synergistic Effect of Co-Delivering Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline Hydrochloride for Promoted Wound Healing by Utilizing Coaxial PCL/Gelatin Nanofiber Membrane

Combining multiple drugs or biologically active substances for wound healing could not only resist the formation of multidrug resistant pathogens, but also achieve better therapeutic effects. Herein, the hydrophobic fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) and the hydrophilic broad-spectrum antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) were introduced into the coaxial polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/GEL) nanofiber mat with CIP loaded into the PCL (core layer) and TH loaded into the GEL (shell layer), developing antibacterial wound dressing with the co-delivering of the two antibiotics (PCL-CIP/GEL-TH). The nanostructure, physical properties, drug release, antibacterial property, and in vitro cytotoxicity were investigated accordingly. The results revealed that the CIP shows a long-lasting release of five days, reaching the releasing rate of 80.71%, while the cumulative drug release of TH reached 83.51% with a rapid release behavior of 12 h. The in vitro antibacterial activity demonstrated that the coaxial nanofiber mesh possesses strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. In addition, the coaxial mats showed superior biocompatibility toward human skin fibroblast cells (hSFCs). This study indicates that the developed PCL-CIP/GEL-TH nanofiber membranes hold enormous potential as wound dressing materials.
Second harmonic generation of Q-switched Ho:LuAG laser with KTP

The second harmonic generation (SHG) of Q-switched Ho:LuAG laser in a KTP crystal was demonstrated. Under the Type II phase matching conditions, we obtained the maximum second harmonic energy per pulse of 6. 82μJ and the minimum pulse width of 67.3ns at 1050.30nm in the fundamental wavelength of 2100.65nm, corresponding to a peak power of about 0.101kW. By inserting a 0.05mm-thickness YAG uncoated etalon, the maximum second harmonic energy per pulse of 4. 83μJ and the minimum pulse width of 70.6ns at 1046.89nm was obtained in the fundamental wavelength of 2093.86nm, corresponding to a peak power of about 0.068kW.
Random noise of seismic exploration in desert modeling and its applying in noise attenuation

Random noise is one of key factors which influence valid signals of seismic exploration,and it weakens the signal to noise ratio(SNR)of seismic records seriously.It is the first request to study noise characteristics and generation while filtering methods are improved continuously.At this stage noise characteristics research emphasizes searching its regularity,but much less qualitative and quantitative analysis.In this paper,seismic random noise is classified into natural noise and cultural noise according to the reason that noise is generated.Considering convenience to the calculation,it is assumed that different kinds of noise sources are distributed around the geophones as point sources in their areas appointed.The noise source functions are decided according to the corresponding theories,experience and references.It is assumed that their excitation waves propagate by wave equation and seismic random noise is considered as a superposed wave-field excited by all of the source.The theoretical model of random noise is obtained by solving the non-homogeneous wave equations with different source functions andsuperposing all of the solutions.The characteristics of different kinds of noise in the seismic records can be shown through modeling random noise.A simulated noise record is compared with a section of field seismic data in the desert in Tarim,including spectral feature,kurtosis,skewness,root-mean-square,etc.From the comparative results,it can be seen the simulated noise is similar with the real noise,which shows the feasibility of the modeling method.The appropriate filtering method is chosen for noise attenuation according to analyzing all kinds of noise characteristics in seismic records.In the desert,near-field cultural noise is the key component of random noise,based on which,complex diffusion filtering is selected,and the filtered results including the artificial synthetic and actual seismic records are compared with the results of time frequency peak filtering which is a popular method in seismic random noise attenuation in recent years.The comparative results show that complex diffusion filtering is more suitable for the random noise in Tarim,which demonstrates that seismic random noise modeling can provide theoretical guidance to choosing appropriate filtering method.
BIOMIMETIC ARCHITECTURE AS A NEW APROACH FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS THROUGH SMART BUILDING MATERIALS

INTRODUCTION As skin wraps our body, building envelopes wraps buildings and therefore acts and performs the functions that the skin performs, especially in thermoregulating the building which results in decreasing the energy consumed. The objective of this paper is to establish a building envelope as a living envelope able to control the heat in buildings the same way that nature does with our skin, without the use of electricity or mechanical elements, and hence decrease energy consumption and its devastating effect on the environment. This objective can be reached by using suitable smart building material and integrating it into the architectural design of the building. The methodology and objectives of this paper are as follows: Review the global warming problem, its consequences, and the role of the building sector in this problem. Study Biomimicry in architecture and its potential to decrease the share of the building sector's role in global warming. Select a smart building material that would allow .
Next Generation Power Factor Correction (PFC) Regulator Based on Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Devices and New Control Strategy

As information and semiconductor technologies continue to develop, power supplies for applications such as telecommunications and computer systems are required to have higher power ratings, smaller volumes, and higher transfer efficiencies. The PFC stage, a key component of distributed power systems present in the front end of AC/DC converters, is an excellent target for increasing the power density and efficiency of the power supply, as it contains several large passive components. However, conventional commercial PFC designs are constrained by several limitations that prevent them from achieving the desired high power densities and efficiencies. In this dissertation, multiple techniques have been investigated to improve the power density and power efficiency of PFC boost converters. For a Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) PFC converter, increasing the switching frequency at which the converter operates can dramatically reduce the volume of the boost inductor, while the EMI filter size can be reduced if the switching frequency is higher than 400kHz. To achieve high frequency operation, cutting edge SiC power devices are promising candidates for implementation into CCM PFC converters operating at switching frequencies into the MHz range due to their small on-state resistance and junction capacitance. Theoretical analysis and experimental results prove that extremely high power density can be obtained in a single phase 1MHz CCM PFC converter with SiC power devices, however, this converterâ€™s efficiency falls short of the 95% efficiency target. A good compromise between high power density and power efficiency is achieved by employing multiphase interleaving architecture and SiC power devices simultaneously. This dissertation proposes novel nonlinear control architecture to simplify the controller design of multiphase interleaved CCM PFC regulators. PFC converters operating in Critical Mode (CRM) achieve high power efficiency by employing soft switching techniques, but the relatively large EMI filter required by this design prevents a single phase CRM converter from obtaining high power density because of the large input ripple current and low frequency harmonics. Multiphase interleaving architecture has been reported to be a practical way to improve the power density and output power rating of a CRM PFC converter. However, implementing multiphase interleaving design with variable switching frequency control is challenging because there is no clock signal available for synchronization. A novel closed loop interleaving technique is presented to achieve a precise phase shift, guaranteed critical mode operation, fast phase regulation, and ease of circuit implementation. To analyze the converterâ€™s stability with this closed phase regulation loop, a new full order averaged model that considers the frequency variation and sample and hold delay is derived and verified in the SIMPLIS simulator. A CRM two phase interleaved converter prototype was constructed to demonstrate the viability of multiphase interleaving design; this…
Internet Financial Risk Monitoring and Evaluation Based on GABP Algorithm

Due to the generality and particularity of Internet financial risks, it is imperative for the institutions involved to establish a sound risk prevention, control, monitoring, and management system and timely identify and alert potential risks. Firstly, the importance of Internet financial risk monitoring and evaluation is expounded. Secondly, the basic principles of backpropagation (BP) neural network, genetic algorithm (GA), and GABP algorithms are discussed. Thirdly, the weight and threshold of the BP algorithm are optimized by using the GA, and the GABP model is established. The financial risks are monitored and evaluated by the Internet financial system as the research object. Finally, GABP is further optimized by the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The results show that, compared with the calculation results of the BP model, the GABP algorithm can reduce the number of BP training, has high prediction accuracy, and realizes the complementary advantages of GA and BP neural network. The GABP network optimized by simulated annealing method has better global convergence, higher learning efficiency, and prediction accuracy than the traditional BP and GABP neural network, achieves better prediction effect, effectively solves the problem that the enterprise financial risk cannot be quantitatively evaluated, more accurately assesses the size of Internet financial risk, and has certain popularization value in the application of Internet financial risk prediction.
TOGAF Version 9.1

TOGAF is a framework - a detailed method and a set of supporting tools - for developing an enterprise architecture, developed by members of The Open Group Architecture Forum. TOGAF Version 9.1 is a maintenance update to TOGAF 9, addressing comments raised since the introduction of TOGAF 9 in 2009. It retains the major features and structure of TOGAF 9, thereby preserving existing investment in TOGAF, and adds further detail and clarification to what is already proven. It may be used freely by any organization wishing to develop an enterprise architecture for use within that organization (subject to the Conditions of Use). This Book is divided into seven parts.
DEID-Based Control of Networked Rapid Control Prototyping System: Design and Applications

This article presents a novel networked rapid control prototyping (NRCP) system, which can significantly facilitate the theoretical analysis and product design of networked control systems (NCSs). The NRCP system consists of a PC controller equipped with MATLAB/Simulink software and an embedded target designed with open-source hardware, e.g., Raspberry Pi and STM32. Therefore, it benefits from the following advantages, such as simple structure, low cost, convenient deployment, and robust scalability. In order to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed NRCP, a networked magnetic levitation control system (NMLCS) is developed on the basis of this NRCP system. Furthermore, a discrete-time equivalent-input-disturbance (DEID)-based model predictive control approach is proposed for NMLCS to deal with the common practical issues in NCSs, such as time delay and disturbance. Specifically, the time delay is modeled as delay-induced disturbance (DID), whose influence is effectively estimated and eliminated by the designed controller. Several experimental case studies are performed to verify the effectiveness of the NRCP, the DEID-based control algorithm, and the analytical method of DID.