Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complexity and Precision Analysis of DFT Based ENF Extraction Methods

This paper gives a complexity and precision analysis of methods of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) based algorithm to extract the Electric Network Frequency (ENF) information of an audio recording in audio authentication. The basic idea of DFT based algorithm is to find specific spectral lines in the frequency domain at the desired frequency point instead of the entire frequency band. Then different line search methods can be employed to search the next desired frequency bin to repeat the spectral line calculation until the hidden ENF information is extracted. The purpose is to improve the accuracy and precision of conventional ENF extraction methods and also to enhance the calculation efficiency. Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT) based line search algorithm namely ordinary binary search, Fibonacci search and binary quadratic search has been analyzed for accuracy and complexity.
Viruses Head of Hemagglutinin in H 3 N 2 Influenza Conserved Neutralizing Epitope at Globular

Neutralizing antibodies that target the hemagglutinin of influenza virus either inhibit binding of hemagglutinin to cellular receptors or prevent the low-pH-induced conformational change in hemagglutinin required for membrane fusion. In general, the former type of antibody binds to the globular head formed by HA1 and has narrow strain specificity, while the latter type binds to the stem mainly formed by HA2 and has broad strain specificity. In the present study, we analyzed the epitope and function of a broadly neutralizing human antibody against H3N2 viruses, F005-126. The crystal structure of F005-126 Fab in complex with hemagglutinin revealed that the antibody binds to the globular head, spans a cleft formed by two hemagglutinin monomers in a hemagglutinin trimer, and cross-links them. It recognizes two peptide portions (sites L and R) and a glycan linked to asparagine at residue 285 using three complementarity-determining regions and framework 3 in the heavy chain. Binding of the antibody to sites L (residues 171 to 173, 239, and 240) and R (residues 91, 92, 270 to 273, 284, and 285) is mediated mainly by van der Waals contacts with the main chains of the peptides in these sites and secondarily by hydrogen bonds with a few side chains of conserved sequences in HA1. Furthermore, the glycan recognized by F005-126 is conserved among H3N2 viruses. F005-126 has the ability to prevent low-pH-induced conformational changes in hemagglutinin. The newly identified conserved epitope, including the glycan, should be immunogenic in humans and may induce production of broadly neutralizing antibodies against H3 viruses.
Regulation of the HERV-K (HML-2) transcriptome by the HIV-1 Tat

Department of Internal Medicine a , Program in Immunology b , Center for Computational 9 Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 10 Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Veterans Affairs, 11 National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics, Department of Human 12 Genetics, Program in Cancer Biology, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program 13
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection Screen Identifies Host Factors Required for A Genome-Wide Small Interfering RNA

Viruses are dependent on their host cells for replication and thus have evolved in intimate association with them. The identification of host factors required for viral infection has led to advances in both viral and cellular biology. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a negative-sense RNA virus, replicates in all eukaryotic cells in culture, suggesting that the host requirements for its replication are ubiquitous. In this study, we performed a genome-wide small interfering RNA screen of human cells in culture and identified multiple cellular genes that influence the entry and replication of VSV. From a list of >300 genes, we selected the most promising candidates to perform further analysis to assign their functions to either the entry or intracellular replication step of infection. We implicate 3 new factors in VSV entry and 20 new factors in viral gene expression. These proteins have diverse cellular roles, including S-adenosylmethionine synthesis, respiration, and host translation machinery, underscoring the intimate relationship between VSV and the host cell. Together, these results provide a curated list of genes required for VSV replication.
Experiment II : In Utero / Lactational TCC Exposure and Neonate Survival Experiment

Triclocarban (3,4,40-trichlorocarbanilide; TCC), an antimicrobial used in bar soaps, affects endocrine function in vitro and in vivo. This study investigates whether TCC exposure during early life affects the trajectory of fetal and/or neonatal development. Sprague Dawley rats were provided control, 0.2% weight/weight (w/w), or 0.5% w/w TCC-supplemented chow through a series of 3 experiments that limited exposure to critical growth periods: gestation, gestation and lactation, or lactation only (cross-fostering) to determine the susceptible windows of exposure for developmental consequences. Reduced offspring survival occurred when offspring were exposed to TCC at concentrations of 0.2% w/w and 0.5% w/w during lactation, in which only 13% of offspring raised by 0.2% w/w TCC dams survived beyond weaning and no offspring raised by 0.5% w/w TCC dams survived to this period. In utero exposure status had no effect on survival, as all pups nursed by control dams survived regardless of their in utero exposure status. Microscopic evaluation of dam mammary tissue revealed involution to be a secondary outcome of TCC exposure rather than a primary effect of compound administration. The average concentration of TCC in the milk was almost 4 times that of the corresponding maternal serum levels. The results demonstrate that gestational TCC exposure does not affect the ability of dams to carry offspring to term but TCC exposure during lactation has adverse consequences on the survival of offspring although the mechanism of reduced survival is currently unknown. This information highlights the importance of evaluating the safety of TCC application in personal care products and the impacts during early life exposure.
in women with premature ovarian insufficiency : Study protocol and review of the literature medroxyprogesterone acetate on cardiovascular health , lipid metabolism and the coagulation cascade A randomised controlled trial comparing the effects of micronized progesterone to

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can have significant health implications for the affected patient population, but remains a largely under researched area. There is lack of evidence from randomised controlled trials to guide clinical practice, regarding the optimal hormone replacement therapy regimens, dose and route of administration. Furthermore, little research has addressed the effect of the various progestogens used on health parameters in women with POI. Here we describe an ongoing randomised clinical trial looking at the effects of micronized progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate, both used in combination with transdermal oestradiol on the cardiovascular system, lipid profile and coagulation cascade in women with POI as a step towards better understanding of the implications of hormone treatment in this cohort of women.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication IRF 7 / 3 ( 5 D ) Efficiently Controls Expression of Porcine Fusion Protein

Several studies have demonstrated that the delivery of type I, II, or III interferons (IFNs) by inoculation of a replication-defective human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) vector expressing IFNs can effectively control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and swine during experimental infections. However, relatively high doses are required to achieve protection. In this study, we identified the functional properties of a porcine fusion protein, poIRF7/3(5D), as a biotherapeutic and enhancer of IFN activity against FMD virus (FMDV). We showed that poIRF7/3(5D) is a potent inducer of type I IFNs, including alpha IFN (IFN), IFN, and IFNbut not type III IFN (interleukin-28B), without inducing cytotoxicity. Expression of poIRF7/3(5D) significantly and steadily reduced FMDV titers by up to 6 log10 units in swine and bovine cell lines. Treatment with an IFN receptor inhibitor (B18R) combined with an anti-IFNantibody neutralized the antiviral activity in the supernatants of cells transduced with an Ad5 vector expressing poIRF7/3(5D) [Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D)]. However, several transcripts with known antiviral function, including type I IFNs, were still highly upregulated (range of increase, 8-fold to over 500-fold) by poIRF7/3(5D) in the presence of B18R. Furthermore, the sera of mice treated with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) showed antiviral activity that was associated with the induction of high levels of IFNand resulted in complete protection against FMDV challenge at 6, 24, or 48 h posttreatment. This study highlights for the first time the antiviral potential of Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) in vitro and in vivo against FMDV.
Solving Monetary (MIU) models with Linearized Euler Equations: Method of Undetermined Coefficients

This paper attempts to solve a benchmark money in utility model by first order Taylor approximation to the policy function. After a brief summary of recent development in first order Taylor approximation in solving dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, we choose Sidrauski’s Money in utility model as a standard model and follow the approach proposed by Uhlig [1] to solve for the recursive law of motion at first order.
The effect of ionization on the populations of excited levels of C IV and C V in tokamak edge plasmas

The main populating and depopulating mechanisms of the excited energy levels of ions in plasmas with densities <1023–1024 m−3 are electron collisional excitation from the ion's ground state and radiative decay, respectively, with the majority of the electron population being in the ground state of the ionization stage. Electron collisional ionization is predominately expected to take place from one ground state to that of the next higher ionization stage. However, the question arises as to whether, in some cases, ionization can also affect the excited level populations. This would apply particularly to those cases involving transient events such as impurity influxes in a laboratory plasma. An analysis of the importance of ionization in populating the excited levels of ions in plasmas typical of those found in the edge of tokamaks is undertaken for the C IV and C V ionization stages. The emphasis is on those energy levels giving rise to transitions of most use for diagnostic purposes (n ≤ 5). Carbon is chosen since it is an important contaminant of JET plasmas; it was the dominant low Z impurity before the installation of the ITER-like wall and is still present in the plasma after its installation. Direct electron collisional ionization both from and to excited levels is considered. Distorted-wave flexible atomic code calculations are performed to generate the required ionization cross sections, due to a lack of atomic data in the literature. Employing these data, ionization from excited level populations is not found to be significant in comparison with radiative decay. However, for some energy levels, ionization terminating in the excited level has an effect in the steady-state of the order of the measurement errors (±10%). During transient events, ionization to excited levels will be of more importance and must be taken into account in the calculation of excited level populations. More accurate atomic data, including possible resonance contributions to the cross sections, would tend to increase further the importance of these effects.
Contemporary Global Issue of Rising Water Scarcity for Agriculture: The Quest for Effective and Feasible Soil Moisture and Free-Water Surface Conservation Strategies

There is the need to take seriously the task of conserving soil moisture in agricultural fields and free-water surfaces in reservoirs, especially in recent years of climate change. Many strategies exist for achieving this task and improving the productivity of arable soils. These strategies traditionally come under biological and physical or mechanical measures. Some other relatively new techniques operate neither on physical nor on biological principle. All these measures which operate on different principles frequently overlap. The principles involved, together with the prospects and constraints of the key techniques of conserving soil moisture found in the literature, are reviewed in this paper. Among other considerations, the effectiveness and/or practicability of any one of the techniques depend upon soil type, topography, climate, scale of production, level of technology, and socio-economic status. Such agronomic practices as conservation tillage and live vegetation mulch that maintain infiltration rates often appear to be more beneficial in the long run than engineering structures, especially those that lead to blocking of waterways on the soil surface. However, this review reveals that none of the soil moisture conservation strategies could be credited as universally applicable. Consequently, an integrated approach to soil water management and conservation, where feasible, is considered more appropriate. This is because the different principles involved in the techniques identified to be compatible would readily complement and strengthen one another. Such a multi-mechanistic approach is expected to result in improved efficacy in conserving water resources in soils and open reservoirs.
Antarctic Specific Features of the Greenhouse Effect : a Radiative Analysis Using Measurements and Models

CO2 is the strongest anthropogenic forcing agent for climate change since pre-industrial times. Like other greenhouse gases, CO2 absorbs terrestrial surface radiation and causes emission from the atmosphere to space. As the surface is generally warmer than the atmosphere, the total long-wave emission to space is commonly less than the surface emission. However, this does not hold true for the high elevated areas of central Antarctica. For this region, it is shown that the greenhouse effect of CO2 is around zero or even negative. Moreover, for central Antarctica an increase in CO2 concentration leads to an increased long-wave energy loss to space, which cools the earth-atmosphere system. These unique findings for central Antarctica are in contrast to the well known general warming effect of increasing CO2. The work contributes to explain the non-warming of central Antarctica since 1957.
PROCESS OF DENITRIFICATION IN FLOODED RICE SOILS

Denitrification, which converts soil nitrogen to nitrogen gas, involves a great loss of nitrogen fertilizer. Controlling the process of denitrification rate could help reducing the losses of applied nitrogen fertilizer in crop fields. Fertilizer nitrogen is one of the major concerns due to the high energy demand for its production. Since flooded rice soils are known to have strong denitrifying activity, innovative techniques are emerging as needs to improve nitrogen fertilizer retention efficiency in flooded rice soils. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions are not considered as significant, compared to that of methane (CH 4 ) emissions from flooded rice soils, most probably due to its complete denitrification process with prolonged submergence that favors the production of nitrogen (N 2 ) gas. This is due to a further reduction of N 2 O to N 2 . However, efficient use of nitrogen in the rice soils could have the benefits of saving energy costs that are being spent on nitrogen fertilizers in many developing countries. While conventional approaches are less efficient in controlling denitrification, technical solutions are emerging to solve this need. Technical solutions based on soil redox potential (Eh) for the control of denitrification have not been adequately covered. We propose that applicability of microbial fuel cell based on soil redox chemistry would be more promising for the control of denitrification in flooded rice soils.
Profiling and characterization of potentially multidrug-resistant influenza neuraminidase 1 1 ( N 1 ) strains against neuraminidase inhibitors 2 3

7 College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 8 52 Naesudong-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea 9 Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and 10 Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea 11 Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 12 305-333, Republic of Korea 13 Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, 14 Tennessee USA 15 Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and 16 Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Youseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea 17
Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from the Eurasian taiga: current knowledge and future directions

In this paper, the research conducted on the emissions of the biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from the European boreal zone, or taiga, is reviewed. We highlight the main fi ndings and the key gaps in our knowledge. Ecosystem scale BVOC emissions from the Eurasian taiga are observed to be relatively low as compared with those from some forest ecosystems in warmer climates. One of the distinctive features of the Eurasian taiga is the predominance of monoterpene emitting coniferous trees. Recent research indicates that in addition to evaporation from storage structures, part of the monoterpene emission of conifers originates directly from synthesis. Monoterpene emission from boreal deciduous trees originates mainly directly from synthesis. The boreal trees exhibit distinct intra-species variation in the monoterpene mixtures they emit. Important sources of isoprene in the Eurasian taiga include Norway spruce, open wetland ecosystems and some non-dominant woody species, such as European aspen and willows. Many boreal tree species also emit non-terpenoid compounds and highly reactive sesquiterpenes. The future challenges in the research on BVOC emissions from the Eurasian taiga include (i) quantifi cation and understanding the non-terpenoid VOC emissions from the taiga ecosystems, (ii) bringing ecosystems in the eastern Eurasian taiga into the sphere of BVOC emission studies, (iii) establishing long-term ecosystem fl ux studies combined with plant physiological measurements, and (iv) integrating knowledge and research skills on BVOC synthesis, strorages and emissions, land cover changes and atmospheric processes in different spatial and temporal scales in order to better understand the impact of biosphere on atmospheric chemistry and composition in changing climate.
Brand Loyalty and Determinates of Perceived Quality and Willingness to Order

The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of brand loyalty and the factors associated with perceived quality and willingness to order in the context of hardware retailers in Malaysia. In today’s competitive environment, brand loyalty is essential in gaining competitive advantage among hardware retailers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind in Malaysia to examine brand loyalty among hardware retailers in Malaysia. Face-to-face surveys are conducted with 300 hardware retailers using a quota sampling across the 13 local government areas within the Klang Valley. The proposed hypotheses are tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The result shows that brand loyalty is strongly associated with perceived quality and willingness to order. Our findings also revealed that perceive quality is fully mediates price, advertising and distribution image toward retailers’ willingness to order. Moreover, brand association is a strong determinant of perceived quality and willingness to order.
DETERMINANTS OF PRIVATE FIXED INVESTMENT IN EMERGING COUNTRY

How to cite this paper: Molocwa, G. A. , Choga, I. , & Mongale, I. P. (2018). Determinants of private fixed investment in emerging country. Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets & Institutions, 8(1), 6-13. http://doi.org/10.22495/rgcv8i1art1 Copyright © 2018 The Authors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC
MIVOC method at the mVINIS ion source

Based on the metal-ions-from-volatile-compounds (MIVOC) method with the mVINIS ion source, we have produced multiply charged ion beams from solid substances. Highly in tense, stable multiply charged ion beams of several solid substances with high melting points were extracted by using this method. The spectrum of multiply charged ion beams obtained from the element hafnium is presented here. For the first time ever, hafnium ion beam spectra were recorded at an electron cyclotron resonance ion source. Multiply charged ion beams from solid substances were used to irradiate the polymer, fullerene and glassy carbon samples at the channel for the modification of materials.
Measuring Market Power in the Spanish Mutual Funds Industry for Retail Investors

The mutual fund industry is characterized by high concentration and a high number of offered funds. During last year, the Spanish management companies have reported for the whole market a margin, measured by the Lerner index, of between 25 and 28 per cent. By using an econometric structural model of competition among management companies, it is shown how mutual fund elasticities are low in the retail market. This result casts doubts about the effectiveness of the fee-caps at work. Moreover, a simple model of monopolistic competition pricing is assumed, what it provides estimations of their actual margins above 40 per cent in that market. In order to address this lack of competition, some regulatory measures are proposed.
Exploratory Undersampling for Class-Imbalance Learning

Undersampling is a popular method in dealing with class-imbalance problems, which uses only a subset of the majority class and thus is very efficient. The main deficiency is that many majority class examples are ignored. We propose two algorithms to overcome this deficiency. EasyEnsemble samples several subsets from the majority class, trains a learner using each of them, and combines the outputs of those learners. BalanceCascade trains the learners sequentially, where in each step, the majority class examples that are correctly classified by the current trained learners are removed from further consideration. Experimental results show that both methods have higher Area Under the ROC Curve, F-measure, and G-mean values than many existing class-imbalance learning methods. Moreover, they have approximately the same training time as that of undersampling when the same number of weak classifiers is used, which is significantly faster than other methods.