Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a multi‐ampere H− ion source at JAERI

Recent results of R&D on high current negative ion source at JAERI are ion beam production, the R&D work has been progressed toward longer pulse beam production and the beam optics. A long pulse operation for 24 hours was demonstrated stably with a small cesiated volume source. It was confirmed that the heat load in the source is a modest level allowable for the long pulse operation. The cesium effect lasted for 24 hours, once the cesium was seeded before operation. In beam optics study, we have produced a beam with very small divergent angle of 1.5 mrad. To take this advantage for a design of compact neutral beam system, beamlet focusing technique by aperture displacement was applied in the H− beam extractor.
Ações de educação permanente no contexto da estratégia saúde da família

A educacao permanente, no Brasil, tem sido desenvolvida como uma politica de desenvolvimento humano para o Sistema Unico de Saude. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o significado e contribuicoes da educacao permanente sob a otica dos enfermeiros que atuam na Estrategia Saude da Familia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivoexploratorio, realizado em um dos distritos sanitarios de Goiânia-GO, no periodo de fevereiro e marco de 2007, com 12 enfermeiros, atraves de um questionario que abordava questoes sobre o tema e suas contribuicoes. A partir das respostas foi possivel extrair as seguintes categorias: Identificacao de falhas e resolucao de problemas na organizacao do trabalho; maior integracao entre equipe e comunidade e maior estimulo para a qualificacao. Foram identificadas pelos profissionais contribuicoes na organizacao e no funcionamento do servico, alem de mudancas na pratica quanto a forma de atendimento aos usuarios, trabalho em equipe e sua qualificacao.
Cellular effects of gliotoxin: Evaluation of a proteomic, isotope-based method to detect reactive cysteines

Cysteinyl residues in proteins are important for many cellular processes and unregulated modification of the cysteine thiol group can have negative effects on cell vitality and viability. In this thesis, the potential for use of the isotope coded affinity tag (ICAT) method for detection of cysteine modification has been investigated. ICAT reagents label free cysteine thiols. The aim of this study was to use HL-60 cells treated with gliotoxin, a fungal metabolite with a reactive disulfide bridge, as a system to evaluate the performance of ICAT for identification of cysteine modification in a whole cell proteome. Gliotoxin has antimicrobial, antitumor, immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties that have been related to cysteine modification in proteins. Cellular assays including viability using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, cell cycle analysis, and measurement of reactive oxygen species using dichlorofluorescin diacetate were used to establish conditions for measuring the effects of gliotoxin on HL-60 cells prior to large-scale cellular damage. Cells exposed to gliotoxin and control cells were then labeled with ICAT reagents and analysed by offline reversed phase liquid chromatography followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The pilot results identified tubulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase as putative targets of gliotoxin. Additionally, this study showed that ICAT can be used to detect modified cysteines from a highly complex sample, but further optimization is needed to unlock the full potential for detection of cysteine modification in complex samples.
Contribution of Methane Benthic and Atmospheric Fluxes of an Experimental Area (Sitka Stream)

Contributions of methane benthic fluxes and methane emissions to the total methane amount were studied during the summer season for two consecutive years. Considering the fact that methane is produced in great amount within hyporheic sediments, we have expected that both methane released by the benthic fluxes into the overlying water and methane emitted to the atmosphere should significantly affect the total methane budget of the stream water within the experimental area. In order to asses this assumption, we measured methane concentrations within the vertical sediment profile of a hyporheic zone, direct benthic methane fluxes by static chambers, methane concentrations in the surface water, and methane emissions into the atmosphere simultaneously. The methane concentrations in interstitial water tended sharply to increase with sediment depth (0.54–734.99 μmol L−1) and were strongly correlated with benthic fluxes (r = 0.88, p < 0.05). We also found a considerable variability in the benthic methane fluxes (0–12.59 mmol m−2 day−1) and the spatial variability (0–71.43%) of the experimental area, suggesting that there may be various factors that affect the rate of benthic fluxes including methanotrophy in the top sediment layers. Generally, the contribution of benthic fluxes and methane emissions to the methane budgets of the experimental area was negligible (0.034 (0.45%) and 0.074 mol day−1 (0.98%), respectively).
Network and service monitoring in heterogeneous home networks

Home networks are becoming dynamic and technologically heterogeneous. They consist of an increasing number of devices which offer several functionalities and can be used for many different services. In the home, these devices are interconnected using a mixture of networking technologies (for example, CAT-5, wireless, coaxial cable, or power-line). However, interconnecting these devices is often not easy. The increasing heterogeneity has led to significant device- and service-management complexity. In addition, home networks provide a critical "last meters" access to the public telecom and Internet infrastructure and have a dramatic impact on to the end-to-end reliability and performance of services from these networks. This challenges service providers not only to maintain a satisfactory quality of service level in such heterogeneous home networks, but also to remotely monitor and troubleshoot them. The present thesis work contributes research and several solutions in the field of network and service monitoring in home networks, mainly in three areas: (1) providing automatic device- and service-discovery and configuration, (2) remote management, and (3) providing quality of service (QoS). etc.
Driving the Electron Over the Edge

At low temperatures, many materials, from organics to oxides, undergo a pressure-driven "Mott transition": A small change in the distance between the atoms causes the electrical resistivity of the system to change by many orders of magnitude, without a change in crystal symmetry. In his Perspective, Kotliar highlights the report by Limelette et al. , who have investigated the dependence of the resistivity of a doped vanadium oxide on pressure and temperature around the Mott critical endpoint (where the Mott transition becomes continuous). A purely electronic model accounts for the major features of the experiments, but some more detailed features require the coupling between electrons and the crystal lattice to be taken into account.
DESIGN AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE TRI-LAYER VENLAFAXINE HCL TRANSDERMAL PATCH

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to design a suitable transdermal therapeutic system for venlafaxine hydrochloride (VFH) with the objective to prolong the release to be used for controlled release drug delivery. Methods: Transdermal patches of VFH with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose drug reservoir were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique. In this investigation, the Eudragit RSPO membrane in different concentrations was cast to achieve controlled release of the drug. The absence of physiochemical interactions between VFH and the polymers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The physicochemical parameters and in-vitro drug release studies of formulations were performed and data of optimized formulation were fitted to various kinetic models. Results: The results indicated that suitable tri-layered transdermal patches of VFH with controlled drug release could be prepared. All the formulations exhibited satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. Among the formulations prepared, formulation F2 showed optimized controlled release for 24 hrs (96.42%) with the flux of 28.28 μg/cm2/hr and permeability coefficient of 1.1315×10−3 cm/hr. Drug release from optimized patch followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model and was mediated by Fickian diffusion mechanism. Conclusion: Hence, the development of adhesive type tri-layered transdermal patches for VFH might be a promising one to control the drug release for 24 hrs with reduced side-effects. Keywords: Venlafaxine hydrochloride, Tri-layered transdermal patch, Plasticizer, In-vitro drug release study, In-vitro permeation study.
Monitoring diseases based on register data: Methods and application in the Danish swine production

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been a cause for great concern to the Danish pig industry since it was first diagnosed in 1992. The causative agent of PRRS is an RNA virus which is divided into different genotypes. The clinical signs, as well as its morbidity and mortality, is highly variable between herds and regions. Two different genotypes of PRRS virus (PRRSV) are found in Denmark: type 1 and type 2. Approximately 40 % of Danish swine herds are seropositive for one or both PRRSV types. The objective of this study was to describe the temporal trend and spatial distribution of PRRSV in Danish swine herds from 2007 to 2010, based on type-specific serological tests from the PRRS surveillance and control program in Denmark using the results stored in the information management system at the National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU Vet). Results: The average monthly seroprevalence of PRRSV type 1 was 9 % (minimum of 5 %; maximum of 13 %) in breeding herds, and 20 % (minimum of 14 %; maximum of 26 %) in production herds; PRRSV type 2 had an average seroprevalence of 3 % (minimum of 1 %; maximum of 9 %) in breeding herds and of 9 % (minimum of 5 %; maximum of 13 %) within production herds. The seroconversion rate followed a similar and consistent pattern, being higher for type 1 than for type 2 for both PRRSV types. Regarding the spatiotemporal results, the relative risk distribution maps changed over time as a consequence of the changes in PRRSV seroprevalence, suggesting a general decline in the extent of areas with higher relative risk for both type 1 and 2. Local spatial analysis results demonstrated the existence of statistically significant clusters in areas where the relative risk was higher for both herds. Conclusions: PRRSV type 1 seroprevalence was constantly higher than for PRRSV type 2 in both herd types. Significant spatial clusters were consistently found in Denmark, suggesting that PRRSV is endemic in these areas. Furthermore, relative risk distribution maps revealed different patterns over time as a consequence of the changes in seroprevalence.
An Integrated Low Temperature Approach for the Synthesis of Titania via Sol-Gel process

Colloidal titania particles with nanosize size distribution were prepared via sol-gel process by using oxo-titanium alkoxide as a molecular precursor. The transformation from oxo-titanium alkoxide to metal oxide was studied by IR, UV, thermal analysis, X-ray and TEM. TEM and XRD techniques were used to characterize the microstructure and crystallite morphology. The experimental results show that the titania has a good crystallinity with a particle size (5 nm), shape and with favorable surface morphology. These results support that titania has strong implications for the interaction between the oleic acid used as surfactant and Ti nanoparticle to enhance the stability with controlled functional properties.
Modeling of Syngas Reactions and Hydrogen Generation Over Sulfides

The objective of the research is to analyze pathways of reactions of hydrogen with oxides of carbon over sulfides, and to predict which characteristics of the sulfide catalyst (nature of metal, defect structure) give rise to the lowest barriers toward oxygenated hydrocarbon product. Reversal of these pathways entails the generation of hydrogen, which is also proposed for study. In this second year of study, high-level density functional theory was used to model the edge defect of MoS{sub 2} both with and without H atoms and H{sub 2} molecules absorbed on those edges. The structures and stabilities of the pure MoS{sub 2} edges were finalized and published. Several MoS{sub 2} cluster models were examined to provide insight into the behavior of the more complex edges. With that knowledge, the adsorption locations, energies, and vibrational frequencies of H adsorption were determined.
Identification and Quantification of Blueberry Antocyanidin and their Radical-Scavenging Activity

Extracts of phenolic compounds were obtained from different blueberry cultivars,Â Vaccinium corymbosum (Elliot, BlueCrop, and Duke)Â and genotypes,Â Vaccinium myrtillus (Wild 1, Wild 2). The content of anthocyanin aglycons was determined after acid hydrolysis using RP-HPLC-DAD. The antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts was also investigating using a new method, HPS. Vaccinium myrtillus , both wild cultivars had high amount of anthocyanins (940 mg/100 g FW, respectively 531.54 mg/100 g FW) comparing to cultivated ones. The lowest values were obtained for Duke variety (100, 9 mg/100 g FW). In agreement with these results, antioxidant activity showed similar behavior between the samples. Until now the antioxidant method (HPS) was tested for the first time for blueberry varieties.
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF THATIPUDI RESERVOIR OF VIZIANAGARAM DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

The authors present work deals with the assessment of the water quality of the water samples collected from Thatipudi reservoir situated in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, by analyzing some selected physico-chemical parameters and chosen heavy metals. Water quality parameters such as pH, EC, DO, COD, BOD, TDS, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, chloride, nitrite, phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate and heavy metals such as zinc, manganese, lead and chromium were analyzed for the water samples collected from the reservoir. The results were compared with the standard values prescribed by IS 10500. The parameters such as SAR, RSC, and Mg hazardous were analyzed and it was found that all these values were within the prescribed limit value. Saturation index values of the water samples analyzed were found to be in the range of 0.3-0.84 indicating, Water is supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and scale forming may occur, but non corrosive. KEYWORDS : Dams, Thatipudi reservoir water quality, physico-chemical characters
Novel fenofibrate derivatives as cannabinoid receptor ligands

Fenofibrate is a PPARα agonist, used to treat dyslipidemia. Unpublished work that has been previously carried out in our group has identified that fenofibrate also displays affinity for the cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. A dual receptor ligand, with the PPARα agonist activity of fenofibrate, combined with antagonist activity at the CB1 receptor, or agonist activity at the CB2 receptor, could reduce appetite, decrease plasma triglyceride levels, increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, lower low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and reduce atherosclerosis. This could enable the multi-symptomatic treatment of obesity with the advantage of avoiding side effects associated with taking multiple medications. However, whilst fenofibrate has affinity for the cannabinoid receptors, only its active metabolite; fenofibric acid (10b) activates PPARα. This project sought to develop novel ligands for the cannabinoid receptors that retain activity at PPARα. A series of amide derivatives of fenofibrate were synthesised, and pharmacological testing revealed that the piperidinyl (48g) and morpholino (48h) derivatives had agonist activity and a higher affinity for the cannabinoid receptors than fenofibrate. However these derivatives failed to bind and activate PPARα. Although a dual PPARα / cannabinoid receptor ligand has not been found with these amide derivatives, the compounds synthesised could provide a platform for the further development of cannabinoid receptor ligands of this novel class. This was demonstrated by further modifications to compounds (48g) and (48h) which indicated that activity at the cannabinoid receptors is tuneable.
Mercury speciation in sediments affected by dumped mining residues in the drainage area of the Idrija mercury mine, Slovenia.

Mercury (Hg) concentrations and Hg phases were investigated in contaminated sediments and flooded soils in the drainage area of the Idrija Hg mine, Slovenia. The main aim of this study was the analytical separation and quantification of cinnabar (HgS) and noncinnabar Hg compounds in sediments contaminated by mining residues. Separation of Hg phases was performed by means of a solid-phase-Hg-thermo-desorption technique complemented by selective extraction of organically bound Hg. Speciation measurements indicate the occurrence of two major Hg forms: cinnabar the primary ore and an unspecified group of matrix-bound, noncinnabar Hg compounds. The results show that Hg concentrations and dispersion of the two Hg phases within the river system depend on the distribution of different sediment grain size fractions. Accumulation of cinnabar predominately occurs in coarse grained river sediments, where it constitutes on average more than 80% of total Hg (up to 1000 mg/kg) in present- and past day sediments. In con.
THERMODYNAMICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO THERMAL MACHINES AND LIVING ORGANISMS

We define and analyse thermodynamic limits for various traditional and work-assisted processes of sequential development with finite rates important in engineering and biology. The thermodynamic limits are expressed in terms of classical exergy change and a residual minimum of dissipated exergy, or some extension including time penalty. We consider processes with heat and mass transfer that occur in a finite time and with equipment of finite dimension. These processes include heat and separation operations and are found in heat and mass exchangers, thermal networks, energy converters, energy recovery units, storage systems, chemical reactors, and chemical plants. Our analysis is based on the condition that in order to make the results of thermodynamic analyses usable in engineering economics it is the thermodynamic limit, not the maximum of thermodynamic efficiency, which must be overcome for prescribed process requirements. A creative part of this paper outlines a general approach to the construction of `Carnot variables´ as suitable controls. Finite-rate, endoreversible models include minimal irreducible losses caused by thermal resistances to the classical exergy potential. Functions of extremum work, which incorporate residual minimum entropy production, are formulated in terms of initial and final states, total duration and (in discrete processes) number of stages.
Enhanced decolorization of aqueous dye solutions by a high quality copolymer flocculant

A high quality copolymer (CATCS) based on starch and chitosan was synthesized and applied for the enhanced decolorization of aqueous dye solutions. The flocculant was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the initial pH, dosage of CATCS, initial dye concentration, salt concentration and reaction time on the decolorization ability of CATCS were studied. An ultrahigh decolorization efficiency (97.1–99.7%) for the dye solutions was observed for CATCS. It was effective in a wide pH range (2 to 10) and could withstand a high salt concentration. The CATCS flocculant was ten times more efficient than commercial activated carbon in the treatment of real dye wastewater. A decolorization efficiency of 98.3% for the real dye wastewater was reached using 0.34 g L−1 CATCS. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the decolorization process were investigated in detail and the decolorization mechanism with CATCS was determined. The enthalpy change was over 41 kJ mol−1 for the decolorization process of dye solutions by CATCS. The positive entropy change value for the decolorization corresponded to an increase in the degree of freedom of the adsorbed species. The decolorization process was endothermic and the interaction was controlled with chemisorption.
Das Schaf: Der schwer überwachbare Markt : Die Überwachung Lebensmittel liefernder Tiere

According to the data, an active sheep trade took place during the last decades throughout Europe. The production of sheep meat reached its peak around 1990 which was due to the German reunion. Today the livestock is stabilized at 2,6 to 2,7 million sheep. However, the statistics are not complete: small farms with less than 20 sheeps are not counted so the total number of sheeps must be higher than the recorded one. Home slaughter still counts for a considerable part of the total slaughtering. Animals which are not announced are not covered by the official data as well and go into human consumption without any legal meat inspection. An inquiry was performed among muselmanic butcher shops in Berlin. It revealed a tremendous lack of information about TSE and SRM. As a consequence a paper with the most important informations about TSE was provided in German, Turkish, Arabic and Russian language.
Waste Assimilative Capacity of Coastal Waters along Mumbai Mega City, West Coast of India Using MIKE‐21 and WASP Simulation Models

Coastal waters are the ultimate receivers of the organic waste materials generated by upstream cities and towns. This waste can cause dissolved oxygen depletion due to increased oxygen demand, affecting the natural ability of water bodies to withstand certain amount of pollution - the Waste Assimilative Capacity. The pollution load (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) calculated using the Population Equivalent value of 0.225 m 3 /day for the present Mumbai population of 13 million is 731,250 kg/day. Simulations using MIKE-21 and WASP models along with the observed water quality data as well as current meter data indicated that the coastal waters can withstand the present pollution load since the simulated Biochemical Oxygen Demand was with in the range of 0.2-1.5 mg/L, the National Standard limits. A projected population increase exceeded the target BOD value of 2 mg/L, indicating the deterioration of ambient quality of coastal waters. Waste Assimilative Capacity studies are crucial in the present-day regional, as well as global issues, such as population explosion, water shortage and climate change.