Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection using Data Mining

Online spam reviews are deceptive evaluations of products and services. They are often carried out as a deliberate manipulation strategy to deceive the readers. Recognizing such reviews is an important but challenging problem. In this work, I try to solve this problem by using different data mining techniques. I explore the strength and weakness of those data mining techniques in detecting fake review. I start with different supervised techniques such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), and Multilayer Perceptron. The results attest that all the above mentioned supervised techniques can successfully detect fake review with more than 86% accuracy. Then, I work on a semi-supervised technique which reduces the dimensionality of the input features vector but offers similar performance to existing approaches. I use a combination of topic modeling and SVM for the implementation of the semi-supervised technique. I also compare the results with other approaches that consider all the words of a dataset as input features. I found that topic words are enough as input features to get similar accuracy compared to other approaches where researchers consider all the words as input features. At the end, I propose an unsupervised learning approach named as Words Basket Analysis for fake review detection. I utilize five Amazon products review dataset for an experiment and report the performance of the proposed on these datasets.
The DSL for composing functions for FaaS platform

This article describes the problems that occur when using the Function as a Service model: the complexity of the centralized description of the separate function interaction within the whole system and the possibility of dependent components interface divergence during a process of their development. We propose a domain-specific language called Anzer as a solution to these problems which enables to describe the types of data transmitted, the composition of functions, the semantics of their interaction and logic of error handling. To check the consistency and compliance of the declared and implemented types, software has been produced making it possible to automate the creation of new functions and maintain their integration with others at all stages of system development and support. The language and software in combination with each other prevent errors associated with a mismatch between input data format expected by the function and actually transmitted one. All this enables to simplify and speed up the process of developing systems based on the concept of Function as a Service.
A possible role of prostaglandin F-2\g=a\ in the development of ovarian follicles in guinea-pigs

Summary. Uterine PGF-2\g=a\in the guinea-pig was eliminated by hysterectomy on Day 9 of the oestrous cycle and an increasing period of reduced PGF-2\g=a\availability to the ovary was created by deferring replacement therapy with PGF-2\g=a\ from Day 9 to Day 11, 13 and 15. Ovulation, observed in 94% of the animals, was inevitably delayed. The treatment cycle length was progressively extended from the normal 15\p=n-\16 days to 19\p=n-\21 days. Similar results were obtained if endogenous PGF-2\g=a\ was suppressed by indomethacin injection instead of removing the uterus. That ovulation had been delayed and not occurred from more recently recruited follicles was evident from the total absence of atretic follicles of the expected size had they become atretic due to the lack of PGF-2\g=a\ at some critical time between Days 9 and 15. Pituitary homogenate and hCG injected on Day 16 shortened the PGF-2\g=a\ treatment cycle by 2 days, but stimulated ovulation in only 42% of the animals. When endogenous PGF-2\g=a\ was eliminated by hysterectomy and daily injections of indomethacin, follicular development ceased at approximately 0\m=. \8 mm instead of the 1\m=. \0 mm diameter found just before the preovulatory LH surge. It is suggested that (1) PGF-2\g=a\ has to act on developing follicles for a given period before they are capable of ovulation, and (2) that PGF-2\g=a\is one of the factors required to stimulate the growth of the Graafian follicles at the end of the oestrous cycle.
Mobile health technology (WeChat) for the hierarchical management of community hypertension: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

Purpose The prevalence of hypertension continues to increase worldwide, raising an urgent need for novel and efficient methods for controlling hypertension. As the Internet and smartphones become more popular, their multiple functions and large user base make mobile health (mHealth) technology a potential tool for hypertension management. We aim to evaluate the use of mHealth technology to improve blood pressure and self-management behavior in people with hypertension and prehypertension. Intervention The mHealth intervention measures include health education, behavior promotion, group chatting and long-term blood pressure monitoring hierarchically delivered via WeChat application among 242 participants. The frequency, intensity and content of the hierarchical intervention are determined based on the cardiovascular risk stratification of the intervention subjects. Study design This cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out in two subdistricts in Guangzhou, China, among 492 smartphone users with hypertension or prehypertension, from August 2018 to September 2019. The intervention group received hierarchical intervention through WeChat for six months, while the control group received usual care in the community healthcare center during this period. Indicators are measured at three time points for each group, and a telephone follow-up is planned for two years after the intervention. The primary outcome is systolic blood pressure; secondary outcomes include BMI, CPAT score, improvements in behavior and diet, score of self-efficacy and self-management. Feasibility is evaluated by intervention participation. The cost-effectiveness is evaluated by ICER. Conclusion This study aims to evaluate the effect of the WeChat-based hierarchical management mode on improving blood pressure and self-management behavior in population with hypertension and prehypertension, based on health-related knowledge, self-efficacy and medication adherence. If successful, the management mode will serve as a feasible, economical and efficient hypertension management mode suitable for the community. Clinical trial identifier: ChiCTR1900023002
Using Linguistic Structure to Visualize and Measure Political Concepts

Political positions are expressed or implied by the ways in which people use words to construct and relate abstract political concepts and ordinary concepts. This work explores methods for extracting and visualising the lexical environments of abstract political concepts through syntactic parsing of large text corpora. Working in a theoretical framework that treats concepts as cultural entities that can be studied through patterns of lexical behaviour (De Bolla, 2013), I show how natural language processing methods can help researchers to discover and visualise the lexical environments of political concepts. At the level of the sentence, grammatical relation parsing may be used to extract predicates and propositions that compose complex concepts. Beyond the sentence-level, I use a weighted mutual-information measure calculated from long-range term co-occurrences to discover looser conceptual associations that might not occur in a predicating grammatical relation with the central concept. I present examples from historical corpora of the lexical environments in which political concepts operate, and show how these can be compared across time and other variables with interactive tables and network diagrams. Finally, I outline theoretical issues motivating the use linguistic of features for estimating political ideology, and present a preliminary test of this approach.
Seed Production of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus L . ) as Affected by the Breeders ’ Stress-Coping Style

Physiological and behavioral responses to stress can form distinct profiles in a wide range of animals. These profiles are widely known as proactive and reactive profiles or stress-coping styles. This study determined the effect of stress-coping style on the reproductive performance of Oreochromis niloticus. The stress-coping style of the breeders was determined through the changes of their eye color pattern (ECP) after the two-day isolation period. The proactive breeders (PB) were those individuals that manifested shorter period of adjustment in the new environment as indicated by the lower ECP values (0 to 3) at the end of the isolation period; whereas, the reactive breeders (RB) were those individuals that exhibited longer period of adjustment in the new environment as manifested by the higher ECP values (5 to 8) at the end of the isolation period. Different combination of breeders were tested: T1 (PB♂ PB♀); T2 (RB♂ RB♀); T3 (PB♂ RB♀); and T4 (RB♂ PB♀). Breeding was carried-out using twelve (1 x 2 x 1m) hapas installed in a pond. The sex ratio was one male: three females with stocking density of 8/m. Collection of egg and fry was done after fourteen days of breeding. Results showed that the sperm quality of proactive male was significantly different (P<0.05) to the sperm quality of reactive male. In terms of sperm motility, PB had significantly higher (P<0.05) motility of 9.2±0.577 than the RB (7.0±0.854). On the other hand, in terms of sperm density, PB also had significantly higher (P<0.05) sperm density (2.025x109±2.481x108) than the RB (9.688x108 ±2.11x108). On spawning success and seed production per female that spawned, the four treatments showed homogeinity. In total seed production, however, it was found that T1 (PB♂ PB♀) had significantly higher (P<0.05) total seed production of 1442.33±80.41 than the other treatments. The total seed production of Treatments 2 (RB♂ RB), 3 (PB♂ RB♀) and 4 (RB♂ PB♀) were found comparable to each other with only 658.00±144.78, 900.00±20.00 and 597.00±170.66 seeds, respectively. Results of the study demonstrated that the stress-coping style as determined by ECP changes during isolation, can influence the reproductive performance of O. niloticus. These differences of proactive breeders and reactive breeders in terms of sperm quality and seed production, demonstrated that the determination of stresscoping style by observing the changes in ECP during the two-day isolation was an effective tool in the determination of the breeding quality of the fish.
The impact of One Acre Fund ’ s small farm program

This report presents the results from our independent analysis of One Acre Fund’s (1AF) randomized control trial in the Teso region of Kenya. The main aim of this study is to assess program impacts on maize yields and profits from maize and beans. The results show that 1AF participation leads to statistically and economically significant increases in both yields and profits: 1AF participation resulted in a roughly 34 percent increase in maize yields per farmer, and almost 20 percent increase in maize and bean profits. We also investigate whether 1AF participation has persistent impacts for farmers even once they have stopped participating, but we find no differences between control group farmers who were former clients and those that had never participated. Finally, using a quasi-experimental approach using data from the four surrounding districts in which 1AF operates, we can see that results from propensity score analysis yields impact estimates that are somewhat larger in magnitude than those from the experimental analysis. These differences could be driven by differential program impact across districts, or due to methodological differences between the experimental and quasi-experimental approaches.
Overexpression of PIAS 3 Suppresses Cell Growth and Restores the Drug Sensitivity of Human Lung Cancer Cells in Association with PI 3K / Akt Inactivation

Constitutively activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) are reported to cause uncontrolled transmission of growth signals. In this study, we analyzed the roles of an inhibitor of STAT, protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) 3, in the development of lung cancer. Treatment with an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, LY294002, retarded the growth of human lung cancer cells and rendered them more sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents. However, the inhibition of JAK/STAT by AG490 significantly suppressed cell growth but did not increase drug sensitivity at all. Overexpression of PIAS3 not only significantly inhibited cell growth but also rendered cancer cells up to 12.0-fold more sensitive to the above drugs, which was associated with the suppression of Akt phosphorylation. Inhibition of PIAS3 with small interfering RNA, nevertheless, led cancer cells to accelerate cell proliferation, deteriorate chemosensitivity, and augment Akt phosphorylation. Although the overexpression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 in cancer cells also inhibited cell growth and STAT3 phosphorylation, it neither increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs nor affected the phosphorylation of Akt. These results indicate that PIAS3 may be an attractive candidate for targeting the JAK/STAT and PI3-K/Akt signaling pathways in cancer treatment. Neoplasia (2006) 8, 817–825
Analysis and synthesis of iris images

Of all the physiological traits of the human body that help in personal identification, the iris is probably the most robust and accurate. Although numerous iris recognition algorithms have been proposed, the underlying processes that define the texture of irises have not been extensively studied. In this thesis, multiple pair-wise pixel interactions have been used to describe the textural content of the iris image thereby resulting in a Markov Random Field (MRF) model for the iris image. This information is expected to be useful for the development of user-specific models for iris images, i.e. the matcher could be tuned to accommodate the characteristics of each user’s iris image in order to improve matching performance. We also use MRF modeling to construct synthetic irises based on iris primitive extracted from real iris images. The synthesis procedure is deterministic and avoids the sampling of a probability distribution making it computationally simple. We demonstrate that iris textures in general are significantly different from other irregular textural patterns. Clustering experiments indicate that the synthetic irises generated using the proposed technique are similar in textural content to real iris images.
Stereo Vision-based Hand Gesture Recognition under 3 D Environment

Human hand gestures as a natural way of communication with computers is becoming an emerging field of research due to its various applications like sign language recognition, human computer interaction, gaming, virtual reality etc. Hand gesture recognition under 2D environment has some limitations as the information about the other dimension (z-axis) is missed out. So, hand gesture recognition under 3D environment is becoming a growing field of research. In this paper, we have proposed a novel technique to detect hand gesture with forward and backward movement towards and away from the camera respectively. Our technique is based on stereo-vision and we have used a disparity map-based centroid movement and changing of its intensity as feature to recognize the gesture with conditional random field (CRF) as classifier. Stereo calibration and rectification is done to get the rectified images and correspondence gives the depth map. We tested our proposed method for Arabic numerals (0-9) and it worked efficiently with an average recognition rate of 88%. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the Second International Symposium on Computer Vision and the .
DYER: IN THE CASE OF HIGH ATTAINING, PHONEMICALLY AWARE, BILINGUAL YEAR ONE CHILDREN, CAN SPELLING TESTS USING PHONEMICALLY IRREGULAR WORDS BE AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY IN ORDER TO IMPROVE SPELLING? Citation

Poor spelling can stifle creativity and limit the range of vocabulary that young children may attempt to use, which will in turn limit the quality of their writing. Many schools look to utilise spelling tests as a strategy designed to improve spelling despite valid criticism from educational psychologists and linguists for being anachronistic and incompatible with the way that pupils actually learn to spell (see the work of Charles Read who describes spelling as a creative skill). Yet could spelling tests aid pupils learning with English as an Additional Language considering their potential lack of exposure to written English morphology? This study observed notable improvement in target language spelling in both experimental and naturalistic conditions even 4 weeks after initial testing. However, the impact on promoting a broader range of spelling strategies and in particular morphological awareness appears more limited.
Interaction between RAD 51 and MCM Complex Is Essential for RAD 51 Foci Forming in Colon Cancer HCT 116 Cells

Colon cancer remains one of the most common digestive system malignancies in the World. This study investigated the possible interaction between RAD51 and minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs) in HCT116 cells, which can serve as a model system for forming colon cancer foci. The interaction between RAD51 and MCMs was detected by mass spectrometry. Silenced MCM vectors were transfected into HTC116 cells. The expressions of RAD51 and MCMs were detected using Western blotting. Foci forming and chromatin fraction of RAD51 in HCT116 cells were also analyzed. The results showed that RAD51 directly interacted with MCM2, MCM3, MCM5, and MCM6 in colon cancer HTC116 cells. Suppression of MCM2 or MCM6 by shRNA decreased the chromatin localization of RAD51 in HTC116 cells. Moreover, silenced MCM2 or MCM6 decreased the foci forming of RAD51 in HTC116 cells. Our study suggests that the interaction between MCMs and RAD51 is essential for the chromatin localization and foci forming of RAD51 in HCT116 cell DNA damage recovery, and it may be a theoretical basis for analysis of RAD51 in tumor samples of colon can-
Youth unemployment and stigmatization across Europe: A comparative analysis

This paper studies the dynamics of the scarring effect of youth unemployment along the business cycle in 12 European countries. On the one hand, we analyse differences associated to the negative effect of past unemployment experiences in future labour market status. And, on the other hand, we consider potential stigmatization against prospect young workers, that is, the extent to which employers are more reluctant to hire individuals with a history of unemployment. Our results are based on data from the EU-SILC for the period 2004 to 2015 and provide support in favour of a significant scarring effect of unemployment among youths that is highly heterogeneous across the countries under analysis and that increased substantially during the Great Recession. On the contrary, evidence on stigma effects was found to be rather weak. JEL classification : J64, J65, C21
A fail-fast mechanism for authenticated encryption schemes

In the modern world, almost every computing device uses some cryptographic technique or the other. Over the years several schemes have been proposed implemented and standardized. For any kind of data transfer the primary goals are encryption and authentication. Historically, these two goals are achieved separately, via two different techniques. Any symmetric cipher scheme can be used for encryption, whereas, for authentication, usage of a keyed MAC is prevalent. There is another approach known as Authenticated Encryption (AE), which fulfills both the goals at the same time. From an implementation perspective, it is important that, if the packet is malformed, it is rejected as soon as possible. Common techniques like AES-CBC, allow for such a fail-fast paradigm using padding oracle. But, the same technique cannot be applied for other common AE techniques like AES-GCM. In this work, we provide a technique using which any AE scheme can be used directly (without any change), whilst providing the good fail-fast features at the same time.
Larger-first partial parsing

Larger-first partial parsing is a primarily top-down approach to partial parsing that is opposite to current easy-fzrst, or primarily bottom-up, strategies. A rich partial tree structure is captured by an algorithm that assigns a hierarchy of structural tags to each of the input tokens in a sentence. Part-of-speech tags are first assigned to the words in a sentence by a part-of-speech tagger. A cascade of Deterministic Finite State Automata then uses this part-of-speech information to identify syntactic relations primarily in a descending order of their size. The cascade is divided into four specialized sections: (1) a Comma Network, which identifies syntactic relations associated with commas; (2) a Conjunction Network, which partially disambiguates phrasal conjunctions and l l l y disambiguates clausal conjunctions; (3) a Clause Network, which identifies non-comma-delimited clauses; and (4) a Phrase Network, which identifies the remaining base phrases in the sentence. Each automaton is capable of adding one or more levels of structural tags to the tokens in a sentence. The larger-first approach is compared against a well-known easy-first approach. The results indicate that this larger-first approach is capable of (1) producing a more detailed partial parse than an easy first approach; (2) providing better containment of attachment ambiguity; (3) handling overlapping syntactic relations; and (4) achieving a higher accuracy than the easy-first approach. The automata of each network were developed by an empirical analysis of several sources and are presented here in detail.
PROFILE RESEARCHES OF NATURAL AND AGROGENE CHERNOZEMIC SOILS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN THE BELT OF STEPPE MEADOWS OF CENTRAL CAUCASUS ( KABARDINO-BALKAR REPUBLIC )

The profile research and the morphogenetic description of various subtypes of the natural and agrogene mountain chernozemic soils widespread in a belt of steppe meadows of the Elbrus option of zonation of Kabardino-Balkaria is conducted. Parameters of biological activity are set: content and a reserves of humus, rate of basal and substrate induced respiration, content and reserves of carbon of microbial biomass, enzyme activity oxidoreductases (catalase, dehydrogenase) and hydrolase (invertase, urease, phosphatase) in profiles of virgin and arable mountain chernozemic soils ordinary, typical and leached. It is shown that the changes of parameters of biological activity which resulted from arable use have difficult and ambiguous character. Steady distinctions at the level of subtype, both in virgin, and in arable mountain chernozemic soils are not revealed. The main changes of indicators of biological activity are observed in the arable horizons. To establish the general level of biological activity and to estimate the extent of its change, the uniform estimated criterion the integre index of an ecological and biological state of the soil (IIEBSS) is applied. High level of profile biological activity of natural and arable mountain chernozemic soils is established, and differences in IIEBSS values between profiles of agrogene and natural soils are practically absent. The IIEBSS values defined for the top horizons (0-20 cm) indicate noticeable easing of biological activity (for 16-43%) in the arable horizons of all subtypes of mountain chernozemic soils.