Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sludge stabilization using ozonation: a pre-treatment method for composting waste activated sludge

The effects of ozonation have been studied as a pre-treatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) on duration of the composting process. This study was aimed to evaluate the comparison of two pre-treatment processes on degradation of the WAS and particularly on the duration of pre-treated sludge composting. The ozone was injected by two different doses to make semi-stabilized sludge (0.006 g O3/gTSS) and completely stabilized sludge (0.041 g O3 /gTSS). Three mixtures were composted in 150 L three reactors using the raw (CRS), semi-stabilized (CSS) completely stabilized sludge (CCS). The organic matter evolution was assessed by characteristic of the total organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorous, volatile solid and total coliforms during composting. The results show that CCS reactor reached a considerable enhancement in quality of compost which could be a consequence of higher organic matter mineralization during the process of composting compared with the other two reactors. The results show that ozonation as an oxidative pre-treatment could solubilize the organic matters and could increase the biodegradability of WAS which led to rapid mineralization rate of organic matter during composting.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Vancomycin Hydrochloride (Batch and Flow-Injection) Using O-Nitroaniline as diazotized Chromogenic Reagent

New, simple and sensitive batch and nFIA spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Vancomycin Hydrochloride in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations were proposed, These method's were based on diazotization and coupling reaction between Vancomycin Hydrochloride and diazotized O-nitroaniline in alkaline medium to form Orange water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorbance at 465nm. Acalibration graph shows that aBeer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.8-60 and 5-400 μg. mL of Vancomycin Hydrochloride with detection limit's of 0.16 and 1.666 μg. mL of Vancomycin Hydrochloride for batch and nFIA methods, respectively. The FIA procedure sample throughput was 80 h. All different chemicals and physical experimental parameters affecting on the development and stability of the colored product were carefully studied, and the proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of Vancomycin Hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations.
Resources are more important than predation in driving the size at maturation of freshwater Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Background: Resource availability and predation are thought to be the most important ecological factors shaping age at maturation. They are expected to have a similar effect in causing populations to mature earlier, but a contrasting effect on size at maturation. Greater resource supplies have a positive effect on size at maturation by increasing growth rate, whereas heavier predation has a negative effect since it induces populations to mature earlier (and thus at smaller size). Question: Is resource availability or predation pressure more important in shaping the size at maturation when resources and predation covary in the environment? Organism: Freshwater threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Field site: Natural lochs on the Scottish island of North Uist. Methods: We estimated size at maturation using two different approaches: probabilistic maturation reaction norm (PMRN) and Stearns’ size at maturation. Results: Size at maturation was strongly influenced by resource supply but not by predation. We obtained this result with both approaches: PMRN and Stearns’ size at maturation. Populations in higher resource environments, even with higher predation, tend to mature as larger and older individuals. The large increase in fecundity achieved by delaying maturation could provide an explanation for this. Populations living in resource-rich environments also clearly have a faster growth rate, as indicated by a larger average size of individuals at age one year. On the other hand, populations with higher predation have a significantly lower life span, as indicated by a lower proportion of fish older than one year.
SCHEDULING UAV FLEETS FOR THE PERSISTENT OPERATION OF UAV-ENABLED WIRELESS NETWORKS DURING NPP MONITORING

Motivation. During nuclear power plant (NPP) monitoring, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used as an affordable and cost-efficient tool to deploy a UAV-enabled wireless network (UEWN) for providing the crisis centre (CrS) needed monitoring data from monitoring stations (MSs) of the automated radiation monitoring system in case of damage of wired networks. However, because of the high electrical power requirement, the normal operation time of a UAV of a multi-rotor type (MUAV) is just 20 to 30 min, limiting the operation time of a UEWN during NPP monitoring missions. The subject matter of the paper is the process of ensuring the persistent operation of a UEWN. The aim of this paper is to develop a queuing theory based approach to scheduling MUAVs for persistent operation of a UEWN during NPP monitoring. The objectives of the paper are: to propose a scheme of deployment of a UEWN to connect a MS with the CrS of Zaporizhzhia (ZNPP) in case of damage of the wired network between the MS and the CrS; to introduce the main parameters characterizing the automatic battery charging station (ABCS) as a multi-channel queuing system; to develop and describe in detail a queuing theory based approach to scheduling MUAVs of the UEWN for persistent NPP monitoring. The following results were obtained. A scheme of deployment of a UEWN, consisting of LoRaWAN and WiFi segments, to connect a MS with the CrS of ZNPP in case of damage of the wired network between the MS and the CrS was proposed and described. A shift schedule for 3 MUAV fleets to ensure the persistent operation of the UEWN during ZNPP post-accident monitoring missions was built. It was shown that the ABCS can be considered as a multi-channel queuing system, in which two or more channels (battery charge points at the ABCS) are available to handle arriving MUAVs. A queuing theory based approach to scheduling MUAV fleets of the UEWN for persistent NPP monitoring is developed and described in detail. It was evaluated and illustrated by means of plots how the number of occupied channels of the ABCS depends on: 1) the battery charging time for the MUAV at the ABCS, and 2) the flight distance for the MUAV between its location point in the WiFi segment and the ABCS. The next research steps can cover issues regarding to: 1) scheduling MUAV fleets for numerous UEWNs, 2) developing models of a UEWN operation using a LiFi segment for transmission of monitoring data, and 3) developing reliability/survivability models of a UEWN taking into account UAV failures or/and wireless signal interference.
Darknet Mining and Game Theory for Enhanced Cyber Threat Intelligence

D ue to a recent increase in popularity, Darknet hacker marketplaces and forums now provide a rich source of cyber threat intelligence for security analysts. This paper offers background information on Darknet hacker communities and their value to the cybersecurity community before detailing an operational data-collection system that is currently gathering over 300 threat warnings per week, with a precision of around 90% (Nunes 2016). Additionally, we introduce a game theoretic framework designed to leverage the exploit data mined from the Darknet to provide system-specific policy recommendations. For the framework, we provide complexity results, provably near-optimal approximation algorithms, and evaluations on a dataset of real-world exploits.
Examining the integrity behavior challenges of enforcement officers in Malaysian local government

There is a call from society to examine the integrity behavior challenges of local government (LG) enforcement officers who work directly with citizens due to the nature of this job. One of the job requirements of enforcement officers is to investigate law enforcement directly to their customers, such as petty traders, hawkers, business owners, developers and contractors, and others. In executing their duties, particularly on law enforcement, high integrity behavior and professionalism of enforcement officers in LG administrative areas of responsibility are necessary. Based on the framework, the study aims to examine the integrity behavior challenges of enforcement officers from the citizens’ and staff’ perspectives, in particular, on to what extent the officers face the difficulties and challenges in executing their enforcement tasks. Thus, during the study, 30 respondents, namely the citizens and LG staff in Kedah, were surveyed. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to gain specific dimensions related to integrity behavior. From the citizens’ perspective on LG enforcement teams’ integrity behavior, challenges were related to main aspects such as biasness, political intervention, and bureaucracy matters. Meanwhile, LG staff consider integrity behavior challenges to be affected by opportunistic attitudes among staff, workforce, and financial issues. The study suggests that enforcement officers should develop soft skills, employability skills, and upgrade academic levels to understand the current situation and develop negotiation skills to deal with grassroots society.
Timing and Parameter Optimization for One-time Motion Problem Based on Reinforcement Learning

Baseball hitting, swatter swing and football catching, there are many tasks can be seen as a one-time action, whose goal is to control the timing and parameters of the action to achieve optimal results. Many one-time motion problems are difficult to obtain the optimal policy through model solving, and model-free reinforcement learning has advantages for such problems. However, although reinforcement learning has developed rapidly, there is currently no universal one-time motion problem algorithm architecture. Decomposing the one-time motion problem into the action timing problem and the action parameter problem, we construct a suitable reinforcement learning method for each of them. We design a combination mechanism that allows the two modules to learn simultaneously by passing the estimated value between the two modules while interacting with the environment. We use REINFORCE + DPG to solve the problem of continuous motion parameter space, and use REINFORCE + Q learning to solve the problem of discrete motion parameter space. To testing the algorithm model, we designed and realized an aircraft bombing simulation environment. The test results show that the algorithm can converge quickly and stably, and is robust to different time step and observation errors.
Implementation of Fast Binary Counters Based on Symmetric Stacking

-In this short, another twofold counter structure is proposed. Wallace tree multipliers give a power-proficient methodology to rapid duplication. The utilization of rapid 7:3 counters in the Wallace tree decrease can additionally enhance the multiplier speed. And furthermore we actualize 128bit Vedic Wallace multiplier give fast and expends not so much power but rather more productively. Consequently in proposed strategy we create 8X8 Wallace tree multiplier stacker and Vedic Wallace 128X128 piece stacker. These proposed strategies have preferred execution enhancement over 6 TO 3 Bit stacker and 7 TO 3 bit stacker. In existing technique, It utilizes 3-bit stacking circuits, which bunch the majority of the "1" bits together, trailed by a novel symmetric strategy to consolidate sets of 3-bit stacks into 6-bit stacks. The bit stacks are then changed over to paired checks, delivering 6:3 counter circuits with no xor doors on the basic way. This shirking of xor entryways results in quicker plans with effective power and zone usage. In VLSI reenactments, the proposed counters are 30% quicker than existing parallel counters and furthermore expend less power than other higher request counters. Furthermore, utilizing the proposed counter-based Wallace tree multiplier models diminishes inertness and power utilization for 128-piece multipliers.
The Efficacy of Paricalcitol Administration for Management of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background There is still controversy about the efficacy of paricalcitol in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, the present study was designed to assess current evidence on the efficacy of paricalcitol in CKD children. Materials and Methods In this systematic review, an extensive search was performed on the databases of Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science up to the end of October 2019. The keywords related to CKD and paricalcitol were combined and searched. Two independent researchers reviewed the papers; data were analyzed in STATA 14.0 statistical program and the effect of paricalcitol administration on serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and Ca × P product ratio were reported as odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results: Finally, data from three studies were included in the present study. Paricalcitol administration decreased iPTH levels in children with CKD (OR=0.12; 95%CI: 0.05 to 0.29; p<0.001). However, paricalcitol administration had no effect on serum calcium level (OR=1.16; 95%CI: 0.48 to 2.80; p=0.741), serum phosphorus level (OR=0.87; 95%CI: 0.38 to 1.99; p=0.735), and Ca × P ratio (OR=0.48; 95% CI: 0.15 to 1.50; p=0.208). No study has investigated the efficacy of paricalcitol on the control of proteinuria following CKD. Conclusion There is limited evidence on the efficacy and safety of paricalcitol in children with CKD. There are no studies in CKD children that have shown efficacy of Paricalcitol in controlling proteinuria.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT OF 12 AUTOSOMAL MICROSATELLITE LOCI SUITABLE FOR POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY STUDIES OF THE NEOTROPICAL OTTER (Lontra longicaudis)

We tested 12 microsatellite markers previously isolated from two different otter species (Lutra lutra and Lontra canadensis) in the Neotropical otter aiming to help in the choice of markers that could be used even in noninvasive samples of this species. Thirty-one individuals from several localities of Brazil were genotyped. The mean expected heterozigosity values for the ten best loci ranged from 0.613 to 0.891 (mean He for all loci = 0.769). To investigate the reliability of individual identification with the selected markers, we calculated the maximum P(ID) using the ten loci, and also a subset of seven loci exhibiting the shortest product length (< 300 bp), which are more likely to be useful in noninvasive samples. The maximum estimated P(ID) was 1.68 x 10 -11 and 3 x 10 , respectively, indicating a good potential of both marker sets for secure individual identification. The results obtained in this study revealed that ten of the 12 loci analyzed are suitable for application in ecological and evolutionary studies of the Neotropical otters, even on the basis of noninvasive sampling.
TEITOK as a tool for Dependency Grammar TEITOK y gram´atica de dependencia

: TEITOK is an online platform for visualizing, searching, and editing TEI-based corpora. TEITOK has a modular set-up, and amongst other things provides an interface to easily add dependency relations to a tokenized TEI document, and provides the option to visualize the dependency trees, edit them, and search through the corpus using dependency relations
The Way of Pooling p-values

Pooling p-values arises both in practical (in any science and engineering applications) and theoretical (statistical) issues. The p-value (sometimes p value) is a probability used as a statistical decision quantity: in practical applications, it is used to decide if an experimenter has to believe that his/her collected data confirm or disconfirm his/her hypothesis about the “reality” of a phenomenon. It is a real number, determination of a Random Variable, uniformly distributed, related to the data provided by the measurement of a phenomenon. Almost all statistical software provides p-values when statistical hypotheses are considered, e.g. in Analysis of Variance and regression methods. Combining the p-values from various samples is crucial, because the number of degrees of freedom (df) of the samples we want to combine is influencing our decision: forgetting this can have dangerous consequences. One way of pooling p-values is provided by a formula of Fisher; unfortunately, this method does not consider the number of degrees of freedom. We will show other ways of doing that and we will prove that theory is more important than any formula which does not consider the phenomenon on which we have to decide: the distribution of the Random Variables is fundamental in order to pool data from various samples. Manager, professors and scholars should remember Deming’s profound knowledge and Juran’s ideas; profound knowledge means “understanding variation (type of variation)” in any process, production or managerial; not understanding variation causes cost of poor quality (more than 80% of sales value) and do not permits a real improvement.
Soil–water conditions and efficient fertilization strategies to increase rice grain yield in rainfed lowland fields in Savannakhet Province

Most lowland rice fields in Savannakhet Province, the main rice-producing region in Laos, are rainfed and cover both lowlands as well as gradual hilly terrain with sandy soils. The water and nutrient conditions of the lowland rice fields likely vary by location and geological conditions. Additionally, high risk of nutrient leaching from applied fertilizer is expected in such sandy rainfed fields. The objectives of this study are 1) to assess rice yield and water and soil conditions in the rainfed rice fields of Savannakhet Province, 2) to identify the determinants of variation in rice yield, and 3) to evaluate rice plant growth and nutrient leaching under different split chemicalfertilizer application patterns. The rice grain yield varied from 0.6 to 3.6 t ha-1, and the yield in the lower position fields was significantly higher than in the upper position fields. Surface water in the observed fields was mostly maintained above ground level throughout the planting period. Total carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium were extremely low, while the exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were relatively high. Exchangeable calcium was selected as the highest influential factor to rice grain yield, followed by total carbon. The grain yield from six split fertilization was higher than from three split fertilization (standard) and basal fertilization only. The split fertilization is advantageous in that it supplies nitrogen for panicle initiation and maturing stages in sandy paddy fields.
Experimental Study on Diffusion Process of Sulfate Ion in Cemented Gangue Backfill Material

Cemented gangue backfill material (CGBM) is made of coal gangue, fly ash, cement, and water. The backfill body will be corroded by mine water that contains different kinds of corrosive ions. The paper mainly aimed to study the diffusion process of sulfate ion ( ) in CGBM. Soluble salt solutions with different concentrations are prepared to simulate various mine water. The concentration was measured by layered sampling method and chemical analyzing method. The diffusion coefficient was calculated according to the second Fick’s law. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the degradation mechanisms. The experimental results showed that the concentration increases in CGBM when the external sulfate solutions concentration increases. With the increasing of magnesium ion (Mg2+) concentration and bicarbonate ion ( ) concentration in the external corrosion solutions, the diffusion coefficient of was increased, and has more significant effects than Mg2+. reacting with CGBM produced ettringite and gypsum. The ettringite and gypsum changed the pore structure of hardened CGBM and affected the compressive strength of hardened CGBM. Studying the diffusion of can contribute to predicting the service life of CGBM.
ENERGY EFFICIENT AND SECURED PRE EXISTING ROUTING IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORK

: A versatile specially appointed system (MANET) is a framework less system where the one cell phone interface with other gadget remotely. Every gadget in MANET changes its development and connections toward any path regularly. Directing in MANET is the way toward sending the data from source to goal hub. Amid directing procedure, vitality utilization and burden adjusting are the requesting issue to improve the system lifetime. Also, security has principle influence amid the information transmission from source hub to goal. Verified steering is procedure of saving the data from unapproved clients amid information transmission in MANET. In existing works, there are numerous strategies for vitality effective and verified directing in MANET. However, the vitality utilization and security level was not improved. Our primary goal of the paper is to think about the current issues for vitality productive and verified steering in MANET.
Influence of the background color and thickness of zirconia reinforced glass ceramics on the optical properties compared to lithium disilicate glass ceramics

Statement of problem. Optical properties of contemporary all ceramic restorations are influenced by background color and thickness has dearth of information.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the background color and thickness of zirconia reinforced glass ceramics on the optical properties compared to lithium disilicate glass ceramic.Materials and methods. Fifty six ceramics rectangular plates were made from zirconia reinforced glass ceramic and lithium disilicate glass ceramic plates (n=28). The dimensions of the plates were (14 x 12 mm). The plates of each group were divided into two subgroups of two different thicknesses 1.0, 1.5 mm (n=14). Again, specimens were divided into two divisions according to composite background shade into division (A2 and C3). The ceramic plates of each materials and thicknesses were optically connected with drop of distilled water to either two composite background shades. The color change ΔE between ceramic-composite assembly and ceramic plates was measured for all tested group. The data were analyzed with 3-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test (α= 0.05). Results. ANOVA revealed that background color, ceramic type and thickness had a statistically significant effect on mean ΔL (p<0.05). The interaction between the three variables was not statistically significant (p=0.968). Conclusion. Zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramics could decrease the effect of color change of dark background more significantly than lithium disilicate glass ceramic.
Application of Hybrid ARIMA and Artificial Neural Network Modelling for Electromagnetic Propagation: An Alternative to the Least Squares Method and ITU Recommendation P.1546-5 for Amazon Urbanized Cities

This study sets out an empirical hybrid autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and artificial neural network (ANN) model designed to estimate electromagnetic wave propagation in densely forested urban areas. Received signal power intensity data was acquired through measurement campaigns carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Belem (MAB), in the Brazilian Amazon. Comparisons were made between estimates from classical least squares (LS) fitting and ITU (International Telecommunication Union) recommendation P. 1546-5. The results indicate the model is, at least, 44% more precise than every ITU estimate and, in some situations, is at least 11% better than an LS estimate, depending on the respective values of the relative error (RE).