Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verification and validation of the high-performance Lorentz-orbit code for use in stellarators and tokamaks (LOCUST)

A novel high-performance computing algorithm, developed in response to the next generation of computational challenges associated with burning plasma regimes in ITER-scale tokamak devices, has been tested and is described herein. The Lorentz-orbit code for use in stellarators and tokamaks (LOCUST) is designed for computationally scalable modelling of fast-ion dynamics, in the presence of detailed first wall geometries and fine 3D magnetic field structures. It achieves this through multiple levels of single instruction, multiple thread parallelism and by leveraging general-purpose graphics processing units. This enables LOCUST to rapidly track the full-orbit trajectories of kinetic Monte Carlo markers to deliver high-resolution fast-ion distribution functions and plasma-facing component power loads. LOCUST has been tested against the prominent NUBEAM and ASCOT fast-ion codes. All codes were compared for collisional plasmas in both high and low-aspect ratio toroidal geometries, with full-orbit and guiding-centre tracking. LOCUST produces statistically consistent results in line with acceptable theoretical and Monte Carlo uncertainties. Synthetic fast-ion D-α diagnostics produced by LOCUST are also compared to experiment using FIDASIM and show good agreement.
Analysis of coupling effect between metamolecules in toroidal metamaterials

Anti-parallel aligned toroidal dipole arrays can be excited in metamaterials, and the total energy can be regulated by producing an antiparallel coupling effect between the toroidal dipoles. In this study, numerical and experimental analyses are performed on the coupling of toroidal moments in metamaterials. We introduce a new reverse toroidal dipole by altering the distance between metamolecules, and the correlation between the antiparallel coupling and the period is analyzed. The geometrical parameters of the period are found to play significant roles in altering the resonance response. When the intensities of two opposite dipoles are similar, the toroidal interaction energy reaches a maximum and increases the total energy, which results in an increase in the Q-factor. These results provide new insights regarding toroidal metamaterials with nontrivial yet controllable responses and for developing toroidal-based plasmonic applications.
A Study on an Impact of Tower Surge Impedance Against Lightning Surge Phenomena

Lightning strikes creates damages to the electrical power system utilization and equipment. To reduce the effect of lightning strikes in the tower transmission, the ground resistance of the tower must be kept to a low value of less than 5 Ω. This research is a study of tower surge impedance using additional conductor line connected by parallel two overhead ground wire at the top of the tower transmission line. The additional of ground wire which is connected from the top of the tower utilizes copper and aluminium alloy for the simulation. Calculation of tower surge impedance using finite element method by COMSOL in 3D simulation based on traditional electromagnetism equations. Surge impedance values were calculated, and it was found that the calculation results obtained with less than 0.5 % error when using finite element method compare with conventional numerical method. Aluminium alloy conductor was found to have an effect on reducing the overvoltage magnitude of lightning strikes at the tower transmission line when compare with copper conductor.
Dietary fibers and their effects on health

There are many observational data that documented the association of lower risk of cardiovascular abnormalities and dietary fiber consumption. Because humans cannot digest fibers due to lack of digestive enzyme. Carbohydrates are one of the indigestible form of dietary fiber. In nature the lignin and dietary fibers are found in plants and are classified on the basis of solubility as soluble and insoluble fibers. They're found in several fruits, vegetables, grains, and wheat. There are number of ways present through which soluble fibers have been shown to help in lowering the blood cholesterol level. The non-soluble dietary fibers include lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose; these fibers are abundant in whole-grain meals, bran, nuts, and seeds. Water-insoluble fibers may minimize intestinal transit time and increase fecal volume, promoting digestive regularity, due to their quick stomach emptying. The functional fibers are isolated and extracted form of dietary fibers that have more fitness benefits when included to food nutrients during the processing of emptying the stomach. The daily allowances that are recommended for men and women aged 19-50 are 38 g/day of the total fiber that is consumed per day, discretely. The important point is that the RDS recommendation is only for fit and healthy peoples and not applicable on the people having any chronic disorders. According to studies, the majority of Americans do not follow the RDA instruction of taking dietary fibers strictly. The present state of knowledge about dietary fiber, fiber sources, and heart disease risk reduction will be discussed in this review.
Filter Paper Method for the Determination of the Soil Water Retention Curve

High cost and long time required to determine a retention curve by the conventional methods of the Richards Chamber and Haines Funnel limit its use; therefore, alternative methods to facilitate this routine are needed. The filter paper method to determine the soil water retention curve was evaluated and compared to the conventional method. Undisturbed samples were collected from five different soils. Using a Haines Funnel and Richards Chamber, moisture content was obtained for tensions of 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 33; 100; 300; 700; and 1,500 kPa. In the filter paper test, the soil matric potential was obtained from the filter-paper calibration equation, and the moisture subsequently determined based on the gravimetric difference. The van Genuchten model was fitted to the observed data of soil matric potential versus moisture. Moisture values of the conventional and the filter paper methods, estimated by the van Genuchten model, were compared. The filter paper method, with R2 of 0.99, can be used to determine water retention curves of agricultural soils as an alternative to the conventional method.
Face Recognition Using Gabor Wavelet, LBP and its Variants

– This paper comprises with different methods of facial feature extraction of Face Recognition using Gabor, Local Binary Pattern and its fusion. In addition, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is applied for dimension reduction. For similarity measurement, Euclidean, City-block, and Cosine distance metrics are used. Results are taken with different databases having major/minor variations in pose, illumination and expression.
Simulation numérique du transport de masse dans des milieux poreux

This paper presents a numerical contribution to the study of mass transport in porous media and it is concerned with the use of a lagrangian method called particle method. This method has been applied on this type of problem as soon as the years 70.In the majority of cases, the alone technique known to solve the dispersion term in the transport equation was the random walk technique. Two other techniques have been introduced since: particle strength exchange and dispersion velocity. In order to show clearly the efficiency of the particle method to solve problems of mass transport in porous media, we have chosen to present these three techniques through three problems which are representative various equations used in porous media.
Analysis of Porcine Gelatin DNA in a Commercial Capsule Shell Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Halal Authentication

The presence of pig derivatives, such as porcine gelatin, in any products is prohibited to be consumed by Muslim community. This study is intended to develop a specific primer from mytochondrial D-loop capable of amplifying DNA from porcine gelatin in commercial capsule shells. Two pairs of primers designed from mitochondrial D-loop region were tested in order to confirm the primer specificity in gelatin sources (pork, beef, and catfish) and fresh tissue (pig, cows, goat, chickens, and rat). Primers were then used to perform sensitivity test of six dilution series (1000, 200, 100, 10, 5, and 1 pg/µL) of porcine gelatin and porcine capsule shell. The amplification was also performed on capsule shell from porcine-bovine mixture gelatin at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100% concentration. The repeatability test was performed by measuring amplification capsule shells from porcine–bovine gelatin mixture. Real time polymerase chain reaction method using primers designed was further applied to analyze capsule shells purchased from markets. From two primers have been designed specifically, only primer D-Loop 108 (forward: 5’-CGT ATG CAA AAA ACC ACG CCA-3’; reverse: 5’-CTT ACT ATA GGG AGC TGC ATG-3’) had the capability to identify the presence of porcine DNA in fresh tissue and gelatin sources at optimum annealing temperature of 58. 4ºC. Sensitivity of the developed method expressed as limit of detection of DNA in gelatin and capsule shells is 5 pg.
Structural and Electrochemical Studies of Pt Clusters Supported on High-Surface-Area Tungsten Carbide for Oxygen Reduction

High-surface-area tungsten carbide (WC) was synthesized via a molten solvent route and investigated as a noncarbon electrocatalyst support for nanosized Pt clusters. Pt clusters less than ∼3 nm in size with a small particle size distribution were homogeneously deposited on the WC support by galvanic displacement with Cu. The activity of supported Pt clusters for the oxygen reduction reaction in acid media was studied. It was found that the activity of the Pt clusters is enhanced on WC compared with Pt clusters supported on carbon, and the most likely cause of this enhancement is electron transfer between the catalyst and support. The electrochemical stability of both raw and platinized WC was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, and the surface composition of the support was probed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that WC is electrochemically stable at potentials less than 0.8 V vs the normal hydrogen electrode. At elevated potentials, the WC surface was oxidized to at least two different .
A Structural Perspective on Disordered Solids

Disordered solids are all around us from glass and plastic to sand and grains. However, compared to their crystalline counterparts, amorphous materials have unusual properties that are relatively poorly understood. A longstanding question is whether or not the unusual behavior of these systems is structural in origin or whether it is purely dynamical in nature. Here we investigate tools to probe the structure of disordered materials and the role that structure plays in determining dynamics. We begin by investigating a particular class of disordered solids called jammed packings which are composed of finitely repulsive spheres. We show that the stability of these systems with respect to continuous perturbations of their boundary is controlled by a structural length scale, known as the transverse length scale, which diverges as the spheres are decompressed. We then turn to two techniques that are commonly used to measure structural properties of disordered solids in experiment. The first technique, which computes the phonon spectrum from correlations of particle fluctuations, we show can be reliably applied in experiment as long as care is taken that enough data is available for the spectrum to converge. The second technique, which purports to measure local elastic constants, we show to be fundamentally inapplicable to disordered systems, in contrast to the success of the method when applied to crystalline systems. The final sections of the thesis are devoted to examining the role of local structure in determining dynamics in strained glasses and supercooled liquids above the glass transition temperature. We introduce a novel machine learning method for constructing a continuous field, that we call softness, as a coarse graining over local density. We show softness to be more strongly correlated with dynamics than existing methods and demonstrate that it may be applied across a wide range of systems. We leverage the softness picture to show that low temperature glasses under strain can be meaningfully understood in terms of the dynamics of a population of ``soft spots'' in analogy to crystalline systems which are controlled by populations of defects. Finally, we show that the well known heterogeneous dynamics of supercooled liquids arise from a heterogeneous distribution of energy scales in the system, that are in turn correlated with softness. This allows us to construct a simple model for the slow relaxation of glassy liquids that is in excellent agreement with simulation results. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Physics & Astronomy First Advisor Andrea J. Liu
Effect of long-term administration of ammonia water on rat gastric mucosa : combined effect of gastric mucosal protective agents

We focused on the fact that ammonia induces gastric mucosal damage by Helicobacter pylori, and investigated the effect of ammonia water administration in two kinds of concentration of rat gastric mucosa, by allowing rats free access to ammonia water for 6 weeks. No atrophy developed in the rat gastric mucosa and mucus was maintained in the low concentration group of 0.02% ammonia water, while atrophy was observed in the antral mucosa after 4 weeks and in the body mucosa after 6 weeks of administration in the high concentration group of 0.1% ammonia water. The course of atrophy was similar to that of human atrophic gastritis due to H. pylori infection. Furthermore, both superficial and deep mucus significantly decreased. On the contrary, coadministration of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), one of gastric mucosal protective agents, inhibited decrease in gastric mucus as well as gastric mucosal atrophy in the 0.1% ammonia water group. In that way, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, which is an index of tissue disorders in gastric mucosa, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity were significantly increased due to access to ammonia water, while GGA suppressed these activities. It was suggested that gastric mucus may act as a radical scavenger to prevent gastric mucosal damage by ammonia.
Influence of F content on the composition of Al-rich synthetic phlogopite: Part II. Probing the structural arrangement of aluminum in tetrahedral and octahedral layers by 27Al MQMAS and 1H/19F-27Al HETCOR and REDOR experiments

Abstract The influence of F substitution on the local structure of Al in the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets of synthetic Al-rich phlogopite samples with nominal gel compositions of K(Mg3-xAlx)[Al1+xSi3-xO10] (OH)y(F)2-y between 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 and 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.8, was studied by 27Al MAS, MQMAS, {1H/19F} → 27Al 2D CPMAS (HETCOR) and {1H/19F} 27Al REDOR solid-state NMR and by IR spectroscopy. Changes in intensity of the absorption bands in the OH-stretching region of the IR spectra clearly indicate the incorporation of octahedral Al. Signals from the different phases can be separated in the 27Al MQMAS NMR spectra by generation of an isotropic dimension in F1. The 27Al quadrupolar parameters of the four phases were estimated from 27Al MAS NMR spectra obtained at 104.26 and 208.42 MHz. The quadrupolar coupling constant and isotropic chemical shift increases with increasing Al content for the IVAl site in phlogopite. The VIAl site shows a clear increase of the asymmetry parameter and CQ with increasing F content. The estimated 27Al signal areas show the lowest amount of impurity phases at high OH contents and a stabilization of VIAl sites by hydroxyl groups. The {1H} → 27Al 2D CPMAS (HETCOR) NMR experiment at short contact times provides information about site neighborhoods of tetrahedral Al sites and Mg3OH as well as Mg2AlOH sites, whereas magnetization is only transferred to the octahedral Al sites from hydroxyl groups in Mg2AlOH sites. The {19F} → 27Al 2D CPMAS (HETCOR) NMR spectrum is dominated by IVAl sites coupled to the Mg3F complex in phlogopite. Resonances from Mg2AlF complexes are not observed. Finally, the {1H/19F} 27Al REDOR experiments support the results of the 2D CPMAS (HETCOR) experiments.
Using RNAseq data to improve genomic selection in dairy cattle

Genomic selection is playing an increasingly important role in animal breeding worldwide. For reasons of cost and computational feasibility, it is useful to select variant sets of maximum predictive ability, while minimising the number of variants required. RNA sequencing has the potential to aid variant selection in two ways: first, by enabling the discovery of variants of strong biological relevance (by virtue of their expression in tissues of interest); and second, by empowering the discovery of expression QTL, enabling enrichment of variant data with loci of demonstrable, modulatory effect. In this study, RNAseq was performed on lactating mammary gland from 373 New Zealand dairy cattle, followed by variant calling and eQTL discovery. Significant eQTL were identified at 3,738 genes, yielding 3,695 distinct tag variants, which were subsequently tested for their ability to predict milk volume, fat and protein phenotypes in a genomic selection context. We show that variants selected in this manner show good predictive abilities for these phenotypes, and that RNAseq is a potentially useful approach for enhancing variant selection.
Adsorption and Diffusion of Lithium on Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (MoS2(1–x)Se2x) Alloys

On the basis of first-principles plane-wave calculations, we examine the adsorption and diffusion of lithium on the hexagonal MoS2(1–x)Se2x monolayers with variation of x for 0.00, 0.33, 0.50, 0.66, and 1.00. We find that the lowest energy adsorption positions of Li adatom is at the top site of Mo atom in both MoS2 and MoSe2 monolayers, while Li moves through the Mo—S bond for MoS2(1–x)Se2x. While bare MoS2(1–x)Se2x compounds are nonmagnetic semiconductor and its energy band gap varies with x, they can be metallized by Li adsorption. NEB calculation results show that their energy barriers make them suitable for using in electrode materials. The lithium adsorption energy is sensitive to the external strain, when we elongate the lattice constants, the adsorption energy decreases quickly. We also examine the penetration energy barrier for single lithium atom to pass through the MoS2(1–x)Se2x monolayers, this barrier is decreasing from ∼2.5 eV to ∼1.3 eV with increasing selenium concentration.
Amphiphilic metabolites in gallbladder bile: Potential biomarkers for gallbladder diseases

ABSTRACT Gallbladder bile is one of the most abundant body fluids, and metabolic compositions of the bile are highly correlated with several gallbladder diseases (gallstones, gallbladder polyps, cholecystitis, and biliary tract cancer). The gallbladder diseases are generally diagnosed by several different imaging methods in the clinic; however, none of them can readily reveal detailed information about the diseases in molecular levels. Here, we have applied various nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in order to identify and analyze composition of the human gallbladder bile, since the spectroscopic method provides not only structural information but also dynamic information of low- and high-weighted metabolites. In combination with both 1D Carr–Purcell–Meibom–Gill filtered 1H spectrum and 2D 1H–13C heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectrum, 15 metabolic compounds have been assigned in the bile specimen. Discrimination and classification analysis have been conducted by principal component analysis and support vector machine, respectively, so as to differentiate the gallbladder diseases, especially between gallstones and gallbladder polyps in here. From these investigations, we found two family of metabolites, namely bile acids (glycine and taurine conjugated cholic acids) and phosphatidylcholine, which play significant roles in discriminating gallstones, gallbladder polyps, and others.
Carbon blacks recovered from rubber waste by vacuum pyrolysis : comparison with commercial grades

Pyrolytic carbon blacks (CB p ) have been obtained by vacuum pyrolysis of used tyres and other waste rubber materials. Use as a reinforcing filler in rubber is the most important application of carbon blacks, thus properties important for fillers such as the CB p surface chemistry, morphology, and activity were studied in comparison with commercial grades. Different surface analytical methods such as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, secondary ion mass spectrometry, nitrogen adsorption, and inverse gas chromatography were used. There are two main differences between the commercial blacks and CB p : carbonaceous deposits are present on the CB p surface and CB p contain high concentrations of inorganic components. Appropriate choice of the pyrolysis conditions (e.g. low pressure and high temperature) limits the formation of carbonaceous deposits and a large portion of the inorganic components can be removed by a demineralisation treatment. Under such conditions the surface properties of the CB p resemble those of a commercial grade.
RECENT PROGRESS OF OPTICS MEASUREMENT AND CORRECTION

In the regular operation of the KEKB B-Factory, the on-momentum optics correction has been working well for years. As the next step of the optics correction, we have studied the off-momentum correction scheme besides the regular optics correction procedure. In this paper, we present the off-momentum correction scheme under development as well as the preliminary results of the measurement and the correction.
IR and Raman Spectroscopy – Advanced and Versatile Techniques for Agrifood Quality and Authenticity Assessment

The most important characteristics of IR versus Raman spectroscopy, their uses, according to recent literature data, are reviewed here. These advanced analytical methods are non-destructive and versatile, useful to identify plant biomarkers (metabolomics) and for agrifood quality and authenticity assessment.To give some relevant examples, we present here recent experimental data for edible oils and fruit juices FTIR fingerprints, trying to identify directly the relevant IR markers of their authenticity. Raman spectroscopy is needed to follow as complementary measurement. Both these methods are useful to fingerprint non-destructively different samples (powders, extracts, emulsions) without any preliminary processing, there are rapid and cheaper than chromatography. As complementary tools, IR and Raman spectroscopy can give added-value information on all types of molecules found in plants and food. The sine-qua-non condition to make appropriate interpretations of FTIR-Raman fingerprint markers is a good chemometric analysis (processing of raw spectra by first and second derivatives, PLS comparisons with validated methods, such as GC and HPLC).
Effects of Organic Materials on Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Honeydew Melon

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and chicken manure compost (ChMC) on growth, yield, and fruit quality of honeydew melon and to determine the most suitable rate of SMS for honeydew melon production. Honeydew melon seedlings grown in four different rates of SMS were planted in the net house with two different organic material rates (M1, M2). The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design. The results showed that increasing of organic materials in the net house increased growth, yield, and quality of honeydew melon, due to enhancing of pH, organic matter (OM,) and the nutrient concentrations in the soil. However, growing media with 40 % SMS + 60 % ChMC in the nursery period and the rate of 10 tons SMS + 10 tons ChMC ha−1 in the net house period gave the best yield and fruit quality of honeydew melon.