Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetics of physical wood properties and early growth in a tropical pine hybrid

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection was carried out for physical wood properties and early growth traits in an interspecific hybrid between Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm. and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Senecl) Barr. et Golf. A pseudo-testcross QTL detection strategy was used to identify genome regions that influenced wood density, secondary growth, and dry wood mass index on each genetic map for the parents of a single F, family (n = 133). Traits were measured for annual ring and earlywood and latewood components and were based on both individual and average ring values from 1996 to 1999. A total of 12 significant putative QTLs were identified that clustered into four genomic regions in the P. elliottii var. elliottii parent and a single region in the P. caribaea var. hondurensis parent. The P. elliottii var. elliottii parent largely contributed putative QTLs for diameter growth and wood density, whereas the P caribaea var. hondurensis parent contributed a putative QTL for earlywood formed in 1997. Putative QTLs that influenced density and ring width did not colocate, suggesting independent inheritance of these characters. This was consistent with the lack of genetic correlation between wood density and diameter growth observed in quantitative studies in hybrid pines.
STUDIES OF POLYMER COMPATIBILITY BY NONRADIATIVE ENERGY TRANSFER *

The phenomenon of nonradiative energy transfer has been used extensively to characterize intramolecular distances in biological macromolecules. ',* A number of studies have also been reported dealing with intramolecular energy transfer in synthetic oligomers or polymers3-' but no previous work has come to our attention which explores energy transfer between two polymeric species labeled with donor and acceptor chromophores, respectively. Such a study is of interest since the mutual approach of polymer-bound chromophores depends on the extent to which chains of different polymers are able to interpenetrate. Thus, the emission spectrum of blends of two chromophore-labeled polymers should depend on their compatibility, while emission spectra of dilute solutions containing donorand acceptor-labeled polymers should be sensitive to any aggregation of the macromolecules.
New Biodegradable Implant Material Containing Hydrogel with Growth Factors of Lyophilized PRF in Combination with an nHA/PLGA Scaffold

The temperature-sensitive triblock copolymer poly-(D, L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)polyethylene glycol (PEG)-PLGA (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) is an FDA-approved material that has the ability to provide a sustained release of drugs and/or proteins. Platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)is second generation platelet concentration that contains growth factors such as transforming growth factor1 (TGF1), platelet derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). These growth factors affect the migration and proliferation of diverse cell types, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and osteoblast-like cells. This study sought to combine the hydrogel into scaffolds in order to serve as a sustained release system for PRF-derived growth factors. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) were used to prepare the hydrogel-containing scaffolds with the PRF-derived growth factors. We then investigated the effects of the hydrogel on modulating the activity of osteoblasts in vitro. We indicated that the hydrogel (Gel) was well-distributed in the inner surface of scaffolds, which themselves exhibited relatively interconnected pores with uniform sizes. The addition of the hydrogel didn’t affect their inherently high porosity. In vitro release tests indicated that the system containing nHA/PLGA/Gel/PRF provided for a slow and sustained release of PRF-derived growth factors. The results from our in vitro studies indicated that the MG63 cells cultured with both scaffold media extracts did not appear to have cytotoxic responses, and the nHA/PLGA/Gel/PRF system could improve the adhesion and proliferation of MG63 cells when compared to controls (p < 0.05). This in vitro evaluation suggests that the hydrogel-scaffold system is suitable as a model for bone tissue engineering, and that it allows for the sustained release of growth factors to improve bone reconstruction.
Behavior of individual mesopelagic fish in acoustic scattering layers of Norwegian fjords

Mesopelagic acoustic scattering layers (SLs) in 2 fjords were studied from a stationary research vessel. Diel vertical movements of SLs were assessed by hull-mounted transducers, while in situ behavior of individuals constituting the SLs was resolved by a submerged echo sounder. The study focused on SLs made up of the lightfish Maurolicus muelleri and the lanternfish Benthosema glaciale. Individual fish migrated in a pronounced stepwise manner, alternating between vertical movements and stationary phases both during ascent and descent. Mean lengths of steps varied between 2.01 and 0.40 m, and mean duration of stationary phases between 69 and 36 s for fish in different SLs. Such travel-pause behavior concords with saltatory search, where fish scan the water for prey during the stationary phases, relocate and scan a new water parcel. Little activity was recorded among individuals in deep water, apart from infrequent, short shifts in vertical distribution. This study shows that station- ary submerged echo sounders can provide detailed information on in situ behavior of mesopelagic fish.
Folsom on the Edge of the Plains: Occupation of the Estancia Basin, Central New Mexico

At the end of the Pleistocene, during Folsom occupation, the Estancia Basin contained the eastern-most pluvial lake in the American Southwest. The basin has a long history of archaeological research, and its story of changing lake levels has played an important part in understanding the Paleoindian occupation of the New World. Within the basin, geoarchaeological assessment at the Martin site can be used as a baseline for understanding environmental change during the late Pleistocene. The large well documented Martin and Lucy Folsom artifact assemblages provide a window into lithic technological organization. Combining these data within a broader basin-wide analysis provides a glimpse at Folsom occupation and land use between the well-studied southern High Plains and the middle Rio Grande. By combining the stories of environmental change, fluctuating lake levels, lithic variability, and human mobility, a better picture of life at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition emerges.
Importance of parental effects on larval survival in Sardina pilchardus

A combined field and laboratory study was carried out to determine the importance of parental effects (spatial and temporal variations in spawning, egg size and biochemical composition of the egg) on larval survival in Sardina pilchardus. Egg abundance was positively correlated with the seston organic content (SOC; a combination of total protein, carbohydrate and lipid content) of the size particle fraction 20 to 1000 µm. This was interpreted as a reproductive strategy, to spawn more eggs in areas and during periods of enhanced food availability to larvae. Larval survival under starvation conditions was related to temperature, but only when just the larvae in which the yolk-sac was fully absorbed at death were considered. However, if larval survival time was estimated consid- ering all larvae, including those which died before yolk-sac absorption, larval survival time was related to the biochemical composition of the egg. Larval survival time increased as the percentage of protein in the egg increased, indicating the importance of protein under food limiting conditions. Furthermore, percentage of larvae with yolk-sac completely absorbed at death was higher as egg protein percentage increased. Although producing eggs with a higher proportion of proteins in response to diminishing food availability could maximise larval success under starvation conditions, this parental strategy was not exhibited by S. pilchardus. There was not a significant relationship between egg protein percentage and SOC. Biochemical composition of the egg seemed to vary according to temperature of the water.
Influence of osmotic and cationic stresses on high pressure inactivation of Escherichia coli

We analyzed high hydrostatic pressure (HP)-induced inactivation of Escherichia coli in the presence of sucrose, NaCl, KCl, or LiCl under 250–400 MPa. Salt stress response (osmotic or cationic) mechanism was demonstrated to be evaluated by HP-induced inactivation kinetics. We selected nine mutant strains from the Keio collection; five strains each lacked one osmoregulatory gene (ΔmzrA, ΔenvZ, ΔompR, ΔompC or ΔompF), and four strains each lacked one cationic stress-response gene (ΔmscS, ΔmscL, ΔchaA or ΔnhaA). The nine mutants exhibited three different patterns of HP-induced inactivation. Of the nine genes, four (mzrA, mscS, nhaA and mscL) were involved in piezotolerance at NaCl concentration of 0.0–0.35 M.
Text Borrowings Detection System for Natural Language Structured Digital Documents

Interpretation of results is an important stage in text borrowings detection systems. Necessary to take into consideration the tree structure of the document and the general content of structural elements (sections) is the reason for that. In article method comparison of structured document is developed. Formalization of comparison document process is based on constructive-synthesizing modeling. Document structure is processed using templates. They contain information about section and subsections titles and keywords sets. The base of natural language text comparison is text graph representation model. It represents a text as graphs set for improving borrowings retrieval in texts of database. On base of these models and method text borrowings detection system is developed for comparison digital structured natural language documents. The paper presents the features of the system and its advantages. System architecture is described and its time efficiency investigated.
Genetic Diversity of Thread-sail Filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer Populations in Korean Coastal Waters Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis

【The genetic diversity and population genetic structure of thread-sail filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer (Temminck & Schlegel), were examined with a nucleotide sequence analysis of a 495bp fragment of the 5'-end of the cytochrome b gene in 113 fish collected from five populations from the south and east coasts of the Korean Peninsula. Seventeen variable nucleotide sites and 16 haplotypes were defined. The observed haplotypes had a shallow haplotype genealogy and no geographical association. Most of the populations had high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity, and significant negative values for Fu's $F_S$ , suggesting rapid, recent population growth from an ancestral population and sudden population expansion. The estimated pairwise fixation indices ( $F_{ST}$ ) indicate that substantial gene flow occurs among these populations. Thread-sail filefish in the South Sea of Korea and East Sea Korean populations forms a single panmictic population. Thus, thread-sail filefish in these areas should be treated as one management unit. 】
On the fractal dimensions of a root system

Several attempts have been made to apply the principles of fractal geometry to the description of root systems. However, fractal analysis of a real plant root system that maintains its original three-dimensional structure has not been performed to date. An intact root system of a dwarf tomato plant was embedded in gelatin and cut into 3 mm slices. Image analysis was used to collect the data required for determination of three-dimensional and planar fractal dimensions. It was found that the root system has characteristics of a fractal object. The variation of the planar fractal dimension of horizontal and vertical planes intersecting the root system was shown, and their maxima were found to correspond with maximal root proliferation. These results open the way for further application of fractal analysis in root research.
Genetics and resistance / Génétique et résistance A quantitative-trait locus for resistance to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta lentis] maps close to a gene for resistance to anthracnose [Colletotrichum truncatum] in lentil

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta lentis, is an important disease of lentil causing serious yield and quality losses. The objectives of the present research were to investigate the genetics of resistance to ascochyta blight, using a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between the susceptible Lens culinaris ‘Eston’ and a resistant germplasm line (PI 320937), and to identify markers associated with resistance to ascochyta blight, using a quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) analysis. The RILs were spray-inoculated with an isolate of A. lentis (3C-2) in a replicated greenhouse test. The RILs scores for reaction to ascochyta blight showed a continuous distribution, suggesting a polygenic inheritance of resistance to ascochyta blight in lentil. A QTL that explained 41% of the variation in the reaction to ascochyta blight was identified on the linkage-group 6. This QTL was localized between an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker (ctcaccB) and LCt2, a gene for resistance to anthracnose [Colletotrichum truncatum]. This is the first evidence in lentil for linkage between genes conferring resistance to two different foliar pathogens. The result was further verified by cosegregation of a marker locus (OP-P4400) in our mapping population, which was also previously identified to be linked to a major QTL for resistance to ascochyta blight in the lentil germplasm line ILL-5588. The AFLP and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers localized around the resistance region will be useful tools in marker-assisted selection.
EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE ON PERFORMANCE, CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTION AND PLASMA HORMONAL RESPONSES DURING EXHAUSTIVE TREADMILL EXERCISE IN THE THOROUGHBRED HORSE

The present study investigated the effects of caffeine on performance, cardiorespiratory function and plasma hormonal responses of exercising Thoroughbreds on a treadmill. Five Thoroughbreds completed an incremental graded exercise (IG) test and two endurance exercise tests at 80% and 105% of the maximal O2 uptake (VO2max), starting 1 hr after the intramuscular administration of either physiological saline or 2.5 mg/kg caffeine and continuing until exhaustion. The mean exercise time was not significantly affected by caffeine, but there were caffeine-induced inconsistent effects on the individual exercise times in the three exercise tests, which were related to its stimulant effects through the central nervous system (CNS). Caffeine tended to increase blood lactate (LA) and plasma catecholamines (CA) of adrenaline and noradrenaline as well as the cardiorespiratory variables such as O2 uptake, heart rate and packed cell volume during exercise. Caffeine significantly increased VO2max and the maximal levels in LA in the IG test. The maximal levels in plasma CA during the IG test were doubled by caffeine. Caffeine-mediated increases in the plasma CA significantly correlated with those in LA. Plasma ACTH levels reflected less exercise stress under caffeine during the endurance exercise test at 105%VO2max, in which caffeine increased the exercise times of three Thoroughbreds. Caffeine had no effect on the plasma cortisol responses to exercise. The present study suggests that caffeine improves exercise performance through actions on the CNS with the increase in cardiorespiratory function which is probably related to plasma CA responses during exercise.
Stained prawn disease (SPD) of Pandalus platyceros in British Columbia, Canada, caused by a rickettsial infection

Stained prawn disease (SPD) with clinical signs of black discolouration of the cuticula, especially around the edges of body segments, and black stippling on the surface of the hepatopancreas was caused by a rickettsia-like microorganism with an affinity for fixed phagocytes and haemocytes. This disease was found in prawns from various localities throughout Howe Sound and at one location in the S t r a~ t of Georgia, British Columb~a, Canada. The distribution of SPD wlthin Howe Sound has not changed since it was first detected In 1989. However, the prevalence has declined to about 4 % from a record high of about 15% In July 1990 and March 1991 In areas with these high prevalences, an above-average level of mortality, equated to a decline in survival rates from 57 to 15'X,, was detected. These mortalities were not attributable to fishing pressure because the affected area has been closed to f i sh~ng since November 1988 due to unacceptable levels of dioxin and furan compounds In shellfish tissue samples. Laboratory studies indicated that the SPD agent can be transm~tted horizontally by cannibalism and via the water [exposure to screened (1 mm pore size) effluent from lnfected prawns] and remained infectious for 10 d or more of storage at -lO°C. About 50% of the prawns that fed on infected prawns (both fresh and after being frozen) and 25 % of the prawns exposed to contaminated water became infected. Most mortalities attributable to SPD occurred between 2 and 4 mo after exposure to the etiological agent in the laboratory.
Using Internet News Flows as Marketing Data Component

The theoretical research of Internet news representation as a marketing data component concerning price strategies in polymer market was provided. The research includes some intermediate tasks. Firstly, the classification of marketing objects in news stream was prepared. Secondly, each object (event) was described with ontology including necessary keywords and using syntactic model based on formal grammar. As a result, the models of the following events were developed: competitors, offer, production level, geography, import, world prices, export and others. Finally, the solution (algorithm) was proposed to implement the study. The efficiency of the approach was proved by successful performance of real projects in the polymer market in Ukraine.
Analysis of Aerosol Bolus Dispersion in a Cyclic Tube Flow by Finite Element Method

We have attempted to simulate dispersion phenomena of aerosol bolus in a straight tube under the developing cyclic flow condition using finite element method. The computational scheme was first validated by solving pure diffusion equations and subsequently by comparing the computational results with analytical solutions. In simulating cyclic flow conditions, both symmetric and asymmetric velocity profiles were used between the forward and reverse flow. The diffusion coefficient of particles (d p
Bagging of Convolutional Neural Networks for Diagnostic of Eye Diseases

- Deep learning is a subset of machine learning where artificial neural networks, algorithms inspired by the structure of the human brain itself, learn from large amounts of data. In this paper, we will introduce the part of the techniques of deep learning to perform multi-class classification, in order to classify eye diseases. One of the biggest issues in image recognition is the classification of medical images, and it aims to classify medical images into different categories to help doctors diagnose the disease. But the most important idea will be addressed in our paper is the evaluation performance model using a bagging ensemble. In this study, we will compare three models of the convolutional neural network, CNN, Vgg16 and InceptionV3 in order to evaluate the performance of the models using bagging ensemble. In our work, a deep learning convolutional network based on Keras and Tensor Flow is deployed using python for image classification. A number of different medical images have been used as a data set to diagnose eye diseases, which contain four types of diseases such as, Diabetic retinopathy, Glaucoma, Myopia and Normal. CNN, VGG16 and InceptionV3 neural network structures are compared singly and together using bagging ensemble, in order to diagnose eye diseases. All experiments were applied and the result was obtained. It has been shown that using a bagging ensemble yields better predictive efficiency than can be obtained using learning algorithms alone. Moreover, the use of the confusion matrix in our experiments shows us where our classifiers are confused when it makes predictions.
Effect of Temperature on Growth, Feed Utilization, and Immune Status of Channel Catfish in a Recirculating System

Abstract A feeding trial was conducted to determine growth, survival, feed utilization, nonspecific immune response, and proximate and fatty acid composition of the fillet of stocker-sized channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus reared at temperatures considered slightly below optimal (22°C), optimal (27°C), or slightly above optimal (32°C) for feed intake and growth of this species. Groups of 100 stockers initially averaging 111.4 ± 1.7 g (mean ± SE) were stocked into each of four 1,140-L tanks within each of three independent recirculating systems and were fed a 32% protein commercial floating pellet once daily to satiation for 14 weeks. Feed intake was calculated weekly. Subsamples of fish were weighed every 3 weeks to track growth. At the end of the trial, all fish were counted and weighed. Five fish per tank were bled to analyze hematology and immunological parameters. Analysis of variance and Fisher's least-significant-difference tests were used to compare differences among treatment means (P ≤ 0.05). W.
Oxidation products of free polyunsaturated fatty acids in wheat varieties

Oxygenated fatty acids (oxylipins) are secondary metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Here, we present a novel high-performance liquid chromatograpic separation on a reversed-phase column (RP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) for the determination of various (per)oxidation products of linoleic (cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic) acid in eight different varieties (four spring and four winter varieties) of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The procedure includes extraction of oxylipins, chromatograpic separation using a linear gradient of aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile, with subsequent identification of compounds by MS/MS. Among the identified oxylipins, leukotoxin (LTX)-diol and its isomer (iso-LTX-diol) are known as potentially toxic substances. The obtained data was used further for comparison of different wheat varieties by principal component analysis (PCA). From the results of PCA, differences can be observed in the patterns of wheat varieties.
Pathogenic potential of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and root-rot fungus Fusarium solani on chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Damaging threshold levels of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and root-rot fungus Fusarium solani on plant growth parameters, viz., plant length, fresh and dry weight of chilli were determined by conducting their pathogenicity trials in pot experiments. The results revealed a significant reduction in the plant growth parameters at and above the inoculum level of about 1000 J2 per plant of M. incognita and the highest reduction was recorded at 8000 J2 per plant. Significant reduction in plant growth parameters was recorded at 1.00 g mycelial mat of F. solani per plant, while the highest reduction was observed at 8.00 g mycelial mat per plant. The damaging threshold level was 1000 J2 per plant of M. incognita and 1.00 g mycelial mat of F. solani.