Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexual Isolation among the Three Races, A, B, and C of Drosophila auraria

The three races, A. B, and C composing Drosophila auraria have been discussed with regard to sexual isolation and speciation problem.Intraracial sexual isolation between different geographic strains of race C, regardless of the strains used, is not significant, while interracial sexual isolation, in every case between A and B, A and C, and B and C, is significantly demonstrated.Genetically diverged distances in relation to the coeffcients of joint isolation and some characteristics of the three races are respectively illustrated in the Fig. 1.It can hardly be concluded from the morphological, physiological and distributional standpoints, that, of the members belonging to species auraria, race B would be an original form of them.
Location of the Cell Adhesion Molecule “Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor” in the Adult Mouse Brain

The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a single-pass transmembrane cell adhesion molecule (CAM). CAR is expressed in numerous mammalian tissues including the brain, heart, lung, and testes. In epithelial cells, CAR functions are typical of the quintessential roles of numerous CAMs. However, in the brain the multiple roles of CAR are poorly understood. To better understand the physiological role of CAR in the adult brain, characterizing its location is a primordial step to advance our knowledge of its functions. In addition, CAR is responsible for the attachment, internalization, and retrograde transport of canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors, which have found a niche in the mapping of neuronal circuits and gene transfer to treat and model neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to document the global location of CAR in the healthy, young adult mouse brain. Globally, we found that CAR is expressed by maturing and mature neurons in the brain parenchyma and located on the soma and on projections. While CAR occasionally colocalizes with glial fibrillary acidic protein, this overlap was restricted to areas that are associated with adult neurogenesis.
EPG technique as a tool to reveal host plant acceptance by xylem sap‐feeding insects

The discovery of a new exotic insect herbivore triggers responses from biosecurity agencies, one of which is the decision of whether or not to attempt eradication. Rapid determination of the host range of the new invader is necessary, but when sap‐sucking insects are first collected from plants, the lack of visible signs of feeding damage makes it difficult to determine their host status. We investigated the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG‐DC) technique as tool to assess host range of a xylem sap‐feeding invader, using Carystoterpa fingens (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae), a New Zealand endemic xylem feeder, as a model insect. Real‐time probing and feeding events over a 12‐h recording period were compared for adult C. fingens on 18 plant species. Hebe azure, a known host, was designated the ‘reference plant species’ against which events on all other plants were statistically compared. EPG waveforms were categorized on their amplitude, frequency, voltage and electrical origin, and six parameters (time taken to first probe, time to first xylem ingestion from first probe, total probing time, number of xylem‐ingesting events, duration of the longest xylem‐ingesting event and total xylem ingestion time) were measured. The total xylem ingestion period (i.e. the actual feeding period) on each plant species expressed as a percentage of total probing time was considered the best parameter for comparing the host status of plants with H. azure. Although the EPG data overestimated the actual host range of C. fingens, we consider that they provided a reasonable first guide to the potential host status of the unknown plants, and so might usefully be used to rapidly assess whether a plant from which a new invader was collected was a host, or whether the association was merely incidental.
MVPA-Light: A Classification and Regression Toolbox for Multi-Dimensional Data

MVPA-Light is a MATLAB toolbox for multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). It provides native implementations of a range of classifiers and regression models, using modern optimization algorithms. High-level functions allow for the multivariate analysis of multi-dimensional data, including generalization (e.g., time x time) and searchlight analysis. The toolbox performs cross-validation, hyperparameter tuning, and nested preprocessing. It computes various classification and regression metrics and establishes their statistical significance, is modular and easily extendable. Furthermore, it offers interfaces for LIBSVM and LIBLINEAR as well as an integration into the FieldTrip neuroimaging toolbox. After introducing MVPA-Light, example analyses of MEG and fMRI datasets, and benchmarking results on the classifiers and regression models are presented.
Advances in Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma

Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a heterogeneous disease with varying prognosis owing to differences in clinical, laboratory, and disease parameters. Although generally considered incurable, prognosis for early and advanced stage disease has improved because of therapeutic advances, several of which have resulted from elucidation of the biologic and molecular basis of the disease. The choice of treatment for FL is highly dependent on patient and disease characteristics. Several tools are available for risk stratification, although limitations in their routine clinical use exist. For limited disease, treatment options include radiotherapy, rituximab monotherapy or combination regimens, and surveillance. Treatment of advanced disease is often determined by tumor burden, with surveillance or rituximab considered for low tumor burden and chemoimmunotherapy for high tumor burden disease. Treatment for relapsed or refractory disease is influenced by initial first-line therapy and the duration and quality of the response. At present, there is no consensus for treatment of patients with early or multiply-relapsed disease; however, numerous agents, combination regimens, and transplant options have demonstrated efficacy. While the number of therapies available to treat FL has increased together with an improved understanding of the underlying biologic basis of disease, the best approach to select the most appropriate treatment strategy for an individual patient at a particular time continues to be elucidated. This chapter considers prognostic factors and the evolving treatment landscape of FL, including recent and emerging therapies, as well as remaining unmet needs.
Neurophysiological Correlates of Gait in the Human Basal Ganglia and the PPN Region in Parkinson’s Disease

This study aimed to characterize the neurophysiological correlates of gait in the human pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) region and the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) cohort. Though much is known about the PPN region through animal studies, there are limited physiological recordings from ambulatory humans. The PPN has recently garnered interest as a potential deep brain stimulation (DBS) target for improving gait and freezing of gait (FoG) in PD. We used bidirectional neurostimulators to record from the human PPN region and GPi in a small cohort of severely affected PD subjects with FoG despite optimized dopaminergic medications. Five subjects, with confirmed on-dopaminergic medication FoG, were implanted with bilateral GPi and bilateral PPN region DBS electrodes. Electrophysiological recordings were obtained during various gait tasks for 5 months postoperatively in both the off- and on-medication conditions (obtained during the no stimulation condition). The results revealed suppression of low beta power in the GPi and a 1–8 Hz modulation in the PPN region which correlated with human gait. The PPN feature correlated with walking speed. GPi beta desynchronization and PPN low-frequency synchronization were observed as subjects progressed from rest to ambulatory tasks. Our findings add to our understanding of the neurophysiology underpinning gait and will likely contribute to the development of novel therapies for abnormal gait in PD. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier; NCT02318927.
Speech Emotion Recognition Based on Three-Channel Feature Fusion of CNN and BiLSTM

It is important for human-computer natural interaction that the computer can quickly and effectively identify the interactor's emotional state. We proposed a three-channel feature fusion algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Network and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network for speech emotion recognition. Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and its first and second-order difference features were input into three channels and trained respectively for exploiting the emotional information contained in the dynamic features. By splicing and fusing the features obtained by three channels, the recognition rates of proposed algorithm reached 96.562% and 92.34% on CASIA corpus with six emotional states and on EMO-DB corpus with seven emotional states respectively.
Relics of the Formation of the Galactic Halo from Gaia and APOGEE

The solar neighborhood potentially contains a very large number of kinematic groups which are related to the various building blocks of the stellar halo. We explore the vicinity of the Milky Way through the use of high quality astrometric and spectroscopic data from the most recent releases by Gaia and APOGEE. We chemically select 663 halo stars and analyse their kinematics and orbital properties in order to investigate and characterise the possibly detectable signatures that remain in phase-space. We find evidence of statistically significant substructures among 177 stars, with velocity difference less than 20 km s − 1 , that are classified in 15 − 25 kinematic groups and compared to the high velocity streamers by Re Fiorentin et al. 2015. The signal is even stronger among the stars with [Mg / Fe] ≤ 0 . 2 dex, that more likely have been accreted; preliminary results are shown. The chemical properties of the kinematically selected moving groups are going to be analysed to reconstruct the accretion history of the stellar halo.
Network properties of an epiphyte metacommunity

1 Trophic relationships are often depicted as networks, in which species are connected by links representing predatory interactions. Network analyses have also been applied to non‐trophic species interactions, such as pollination and seed dispersal mutualisms, to summarize community‐level patterns in mutually beneficial interactions. However, the processes responsible for common network properties such as degree distributions (the number of interactions maintained by each species in the network) and nestedness (the tendency for specialists to interact with perfect subsets of the species interacting with generalists) are poorly understood. 2 I evaluated the network properties of a novel type of species interaction, commensal interactions between epiphytes and their host trees. I quantified the occurrence of 19 vascular epiphyte species on seven host tree species in a metacommunity of epiphytes in New Zealand. I then developed null models to test whether observed network properties result from the frequency of species interactions, which is a commonly cited but rarely tested explanation for degree distributions and nestedness. 3 Results showed that degree distributions of both epiphyte and host tree species were consistent with a null model that randomly populated hosts with epiphytes. Several null models that test for nestedness by randomly linking pairs of interacting species showed significantly higher nestedness in the real community. In fact, the observed level of nestedness was among the highest yet recorded for any type of ecological interaction. A second null model that randomized species interactions according to their overall frequencies of occurrence in the community confirmed support for nestedness. 4 Results indicate that the degree distributions were consistent with randomized expectations; the number of interactions maintained by both epiphyte and host tree species appears to be determined by their frequency of occurrence in the community. However, interaction frequencies could be ruled‐out as an explanation for nestedness. Nested epiphyte–host interactions may instead result from a predictable sequence of epiphyte succession, wherein earlier colonists ameliorate environmental conditions within host trees for later recruiting species.
Comments

169 International Journal of Advertising, 28(1), pp. 169–178 © 2009 Advertising Association Published by the World Advertising Research Center, www.warc. com DOI: 10.2501/S0265048709090489 As I have often stated in my introductions to this section of the journal, discussion on a variety of potentially controversial topics is healthy for the advertising discipline. Two areas that have shown vitality in terms of debate in the last few years are the issue of advertising to children and the ways in which women are being depicted in contemporary advertisements. New thinking relating to these issues is valuable as it sheds helpful light on these complex subjects. Both will be addressed by the learned commentaries included in this issue. The first of the essays is written by Sonia Livingstone at London School of Economics; she tackles the thorny ethical issue of the effects of advertising on children. She responds with her thoughts about the debate that has been engendered by papers that were published recently in this journal by Nairn and Fine on one side and Tim Ambler on the other. While she suggests that both papers have done the discipline a service by raising the issue of ethics and advertising to children, she argues that the debate is particularly relevant given that advertising regulations involving today’s pervasive platforms (e.g. online, mobile and gaming) will be of prime interest for policy makers in 2009. Her point is that while there are three important aspects to this argument – (1) literacy (can children understand the persuasive intent of advertising? ), (2) influence (do children have sufficient advertising literacy to arm them with cognitive defences? ), and (3) fairness (is advertising to children by nature unfair? ) – the fairness issue is not possible to understand unless the influence and literacy issues are separated out and not seen as necessarily causally connected since it is possible for an individual to be influenced whether or not they are forearmed with literacy. The second essay is from Sonia Dickinson and Donna Gill at Curtin University of Technology; they address whether there is evidence that women are actually offended by their portrayals in advertising. They suggest that the determination of whether a particular portrayal is offensive is not dependent simply on whether or not the ad is seen as ethical, but that there are other factors involved. They suggest that offence will also be affected by such variables as context, similarity of the viewer to the message source as well as the similarity of the product or brand with the receiver’s self-esteem or lifestyle. Another factor affecting this process would be the level of scepticism of the viewer to advertising
Range extension and translocation for Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855) (Cyprinidae) in western and northwestern Iran

The sawbellies, genus Hemiculter Bleeker, 1859, belong to the hemicultrine group (middle-sized cyprinids). Eight species of this genus occur in Asia (Coad, 2010), representing one of the six valid genera of the subfamily Cultrinae that are known only from East Asia, including China, the far-eastern region of Russia, the northern Korean peninsula, and northern Vietnam (Dai and Yang, 2003; Nelson, 2006). Basic information on the general biology, taxonomy and morphology of the species is readily available from the pertinent literature (e.g. Dai and Yang, 2003; Coad, 2010). Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855), commonly called sawbelly, or tizeh kuli in Persian (=sharp or spiny fish, kuli being any small fish), is the only sawbelly that was accidentally introduced into Iran. The native range of this species is from maritime Russia south through China to Korea and Vietnam. The first report of this species in Iran (Holčı́k and Razavi, 1992) was from the Anzali Mordab, where it is apparently not uncommon (Coad, 2010). This species has been recorded from the lower Safidrood (Safid River), Anzali Talab (Anzali wetland), and the middle Aras River (Abbasi et al., 1999; Kiabi et al., 1999; Abdoli, 2000) as well as from the international wetlands of Alma-Gol, Adji-Gol and Ala-Gol (Patimar, 2008; Patimar et al., 2008) and probably the entire Caspian Sea basin (Coad, 2010). The report of this species from the Tedzhen River of Turkmenistan may eventually lead to H. leucisculus being found throughout the entire Tedzhen (=Hari) River basin of Iran (Coad, 2010). We report here on a significant range extension and the presence in two new drainage basins (three localities). The present records are more than 370 km southwest of the nearest previous records from the Caspian Sea basin. The first and second captures in the rivers Zarrinehrood (=Zarrineh River, 36 12¢03.3¢¢N, 46 25¢38.3¢¢E; altitude 1436 m) and Adinan (a branch of the Zarrineh River, 36 12¢13.7¢¢N, 46 25¢44.9¢¢E; altitude 1446 m Divandarreh-Saqez Road, Kurdestan Province) were on 27 September 2007 and 27 June 2009 (Fig. 1). The Zarrinehrood drains into Lake Orumiyeh (=Urmia), an endorheic basin. A third location capture was on 26 June 2009 in Zarivar (Zaribar) Lake (35 32¢N, 46 08¢E, 1285 m above sea level, two km west of Marivan, Kurdestan province. This lake is part of the Tigris River basin system with spring water sources in the bottom of the lake. Morphometric (in mm) and meristic characters of 10 specimens (two Adinan River specimens were fixed in alcohol) collected from four locations
SERO-PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AND SERO-PROTECTION OF HEPATITIS B VACCINE AMONG CHILDREN IN JIMMA TOWN, SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA

Background:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of viral hepatitis and about 240 million people worldwide are chronic carriers. The virus isreported to be widely prevalent in Ethiopia and routine vaccination of children has been initiated in the country recently. We assessed the sero-prevalence of HBVinfection and sero-protection of HBVvaccine among children in Jimma townMethods:A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 900 children with 5-9 years-old betweenJune and December 2016. A simple random sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants by proportional allocation into different Kebeles of Jimma town. Data were collected using pretested questionnaire and about 3-5ml of blood sample was collected and tested for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs using ELISA (Bio-rad, Monolisa, Lacquote, France). Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression test.Result:HBsAg and anti-HBc prevalence among all participants was3.5% and 3.8%, respectively. The prevalence of HBsAg among vaccinated and non-vaccinated was 2.1% and 7.0% whereas anti-HBc positivity was 1.1% and 6.2%, respectively. It was also found that 58.4% of vaccinated children retained a protective level of HB surface antibodies, ≥ 10 mIU/ml with the overall mean of 50 mIU/ml.
Characterization of the chestnut blight canker and the localization and isolation of the pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica

Naturally occurring chestnut blight cankers on Castanea dentata were categorized as virulent (sunken bark with abundant stromata) or hypovirulent (swollen bark lacking stromata). In transverse section, xylem tissue of virulent cankers was discolored and largely nonconductive. Hypovirulent cankers had anomalous secondary xylem tissue that was light in color and conducted safranin dye, although xylem of the main stem axes of hypovirulent cankers was discolored. In naturally occurring cankers, no correlation was found between canker morphology and the presence or absence of double-stranded RNA in the inciting fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica). However, a virulent strain lacking double-stranded RNA induced cankers that resembled natural virulent cankers, and inoculation with a known hypovirulent strain containing double-stranded RNA resulted in swollen cankers that resembled natural hypovirulent cankers. Cryphonectria parasitica was isolated from all growth rings of virulent cankers and from the discolored xy.
Some anatomical properties and density of the stem of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), with consideration for pulp quality.

Summary Variation in some important anatomical properties and density in an overmature coco nut stern (Cocos nucifera), together with a young and a mature stern, was studied for the discussion of suitability for pulp wood from an anatomical point of view. With the progress of sc1erosis of fibres and parenchyma cells, densi ty increases from the centre towards the outer most part at each level and decreases from the base towards the top of the stern. However, density is not a simple means for indicating fibre quality for pulpmaking, because of the ef fect of variation in the percentage of area occu pied by vascular bundles within the stern. Only the most recently formed part of the overma ture and mature sterns or young sterns see m suitable for pulping.
Can Palisade and Guinea Grass Sowing Time in Intercropping Systems Affect Soybean Yield and Soil Chemical Properties?

In tropical regions, intercropping systems under no-tillage improve biomass quantity, soil conservation, and cash crop productivity. However, the optimal sowing time for forage species in these cropping systems is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two sowing times of palisade and guinea grass on forage production and quality, soybean yield and soil chemical properties. Palisade and guinea grasses were sown for intercropping with maize or after maize silage harvest (hereafter succession) in an experiment carried out over three crop seasons. We evaluated forage dry matter production, pasture nutritive values, straw nutrient content, soybean leaf nutrients, yield, and soil fertility. The highest dry matter production was 8.1 Mg ha−1 for guinea grass in the intercropping system (sum of 3 cuts). Sowing forage after maize silage harvest provided 4% more crude protein compared with intercropping, regardless of grass species. Soybean yield was over 1.0 Mg ha−1 higher when soybean was cropped in succession compared with intercropping; however, the effects of the two forage grasses on soybean production were similar. Soil pH, calcium and magnesium content, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation were higher in the intercropping systems than in the succession systems, particularly when guinea grass was cultivated. Sowing guinea grass after maize harvest provided better forage quality, nutrient cycling, soybean yields, and soil chemical properties in tropical conditions.