Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic stress alters the dendritic morphology of callosal neurons and the acute glutamate stress response in the rat medial prefrontal cortex

Abstract We have previously reported that interhemispheric regulation of medial prefrontal cortex (PFC)-mediated stress responses is subserved by glutamate (GLU)- containing callosal neurons. Evidence of chronic stress-induced dendritic and spine atrophy among PFC pyramidal neurons led us to examine how chronic restraint stress (CRS) might alter the apical dendritic morphology of callosal neurons and the acute GLU stress responses in the left versus right PFC. Morphometric analyses of retrogradely labeled, dye-filled PFC callosal neurons revealed hemisphere-specific CRS-induced dendritic retraction; whereas significant dendritic atrophy occurred primarily within the distal arbor of left PFC neurons, it was observed within both the proximal and distal arbor of right PFC neurons. Overall, CRS also significantly reduced spine densities in both hemispheres with the greatest loss occurring among left PFC neurons, mostly at the distal extent of the arbor. While much of the overall decrease in dendritic spine density was accounted by the loss of thin spines, the density of mushroom-shaped spines, despite being fewer in number, was halved. Using microdialysis we found that, compared to controls, basal PFC GLU levels were significantly reduced in both hemispheres of CRS animals and that their GLU response to 30 min of tail-pinch stress was significantly prolonged in the left, but not the right PFC. Together, these findings show that a history of chronic stress alters the dendritic morphology and spine density of PFC callosal neurons and suggest a mechanism by which this might disrupt the interhemispheric regulation of PFC-mediated responses to subsequent stressors.
Cellular PO 2 as a determinant of maximal mitochondrial O 2 consumption in trained human skeletal muscle

Richardson, R. S. , J. S. Leigh, P. D. Wagner, and E. A. Noyszewski. Cellular PO2 as a determinant of maximal mitochondrial O2 consumption in trained human skeletal muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 87(1): 325–331, 1999. —Previously, by measuring myoglobin-associated PO2 (PMbO2) during maximal exercise, we have demonstrated that 1) intracellular PO2 is 10-fold less than calculated mean capillary PO2 and 2) intracellular PO2 and maximum O2 uptake (V̇O2max) fall proportionately in hypoxia. To further elucidate this relationship, five trained subjects performed maximum knee-extensor exercise under conditions of normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia (12% O2), and hyperoxia (100% O2) in balanced order. Quadriceps O2 uptake (V̇O2) was calculated from arterial and venous blood O2 concentrations and thermodilution blood flow measurements. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine myoglobin desaturation, and an O2 half-saturation pressure of 3.2 Torr was used to calculate PMbO2 from saturation. Skeletal muscle V̇O2max at 12, 21, and 100% O2 was 0.86 6 0.1, 1.08 6 0.2, and 1.28 6 0.2 ml·min21 · ml21, respectively. The 100% O2 values approached twice that previously reported in human skeletal muscle. PMbO2 values were 2.3 6 0.5, 3.0 6 0.7, and 4.1 6 0.7 Torr while the subjects breathed 12, 21, and 100% O2, respectively. From 12 to 21% O2, V̇O2 and PMbO2 were again proportionately related. However, 100% O2 increased V̇O2max relatively less than PMbO2, suggesting an approach to maximal mitochondrial capacity with 100% O2. These data 1) again demonstrate very low cytoplasmic PO2 at V̇O2max, 2) are consistent with supply limitation of V̇O2max of trained skeletal muscle, even in hyperoxia, and 3) reveal a disproportionate increase in intracellular PO2 in hyperoxia, which may be interpreted as evidence that, in trained skeletal muscle, very high mitochondrial metabolic limits to muscle V̇O2 are being approached.
Differential Requirements of Rab5 and Rab7 for Endocytosis of Influenza and Other Enveloped Viruses

Enveloped viruses often enter cells via endocytosis; however, specific endocytic trafficking pathway(s) for many viruses have not been determined. Here we demonstrate, through the use of dominant‐negative Rab5 and Rab7, that influenza virus (Influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) and A/X‐31 (H3N2)) requires both early and late endosomes for entry and subsequent infection in HeLa cells. Time‐course experiments, monitoring viral ribonucleoprotein colocalization with endosomal markers, indicated that influenza exhibits a conventional endocytic uptake pattern – reaching early endosomes after approximately 10 min, and late endosomes after 40 min. Detection with conformation‐specific hemagglutinin antibodies indicated that hemagglutinin did not reach a fusion‐competent form until the virus had trafficked beyond early endosomes. We also examined two other enveloped viruses that are also pH‐dependent for entry – Semliki Forest virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. In contrast to influenza virus, infection with both Semliki Forest virus and vesicular stomatitis virus was inhibited only by the expression of dominant negative Rab5 and not by dominant negative Rab7, indicating an independence of late endosome function for infection by these viruses. As a whole, these data provide a definitive characterization of influenza virus endocytic trafficking and show differential requirements for endocytic trafficking between pH‐dependent enveloped viruses.
Downregulation of the long non-coding RNA TUSC7 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation and correlates with poor prognosis.

BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicated that dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression. LncRNA TUSC7 was involved in various malignancies. However, the role of TUSC7 in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. METHODS Expression of TUSC7 was analyzed in 112 cases of NSCLC tissues and six lung cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Then the correlation of TUSC7 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis was aslo studied. Furthermore, overexpression of TUSC7 was performed and its role in tumor progression was explored. RESULTS The expression level of TUSC7 was lower in NSCLC tissues and lung cancer cells compared with their normal counterparts. Lower expression of TUSC7 in NSCLC tissues was associated with larger tumor size and higher TNM stage. Patients with lower TUSC7 expression had worse overall survival compared with the high expression cases. Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that low expression of TUSC7 was an independent poor prognostic indicator for NSCLC patients. Moreover, upregulation of TUSC7 expression could inhibit proliferation of lung cancer cell in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that TUSC7 was a potential biomarker for NSCLC prognosis, and the dysregulation of TUSC7 may play an important role in the NSCLC progression.
Geographically dependent distribution of gyrA gene mutations at codons 83 and 87 in Salmonella Hadar, and a novel codon 81 Gly to His mutation in Salmonella Enteritidis

In all, 90 nalidixic acid‐resistant clinical strains of Salmonella Hadar and Salmonella Enteritidis isolated in Norway but of predominantly foreign origin were subjected to sequencing of the gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes. All the isolates contained at least one mutation in gyrA codon 83 or codon 87. A highly significant correlation between mutations in gyrA codon 83 and strains originating from Southeast Asia was found in S. Hadar but not in S. Enteritidis. A novel gyrA codon 81 Gly to His mutation was discovered in one S. Enteritidis isolate. One amino‐acid (aa) changing mutation was found outside the quinolone resistance‐determining region (QRDR) of S. Hadar parC at codon 57, which has previously only been observed once in Salmonellae.
Hospice Caregiver Depression: The Evidence Surrounding the Greatest Pain of All

Terminal illness affects the entire family, both the one with the illness and their loved ones. These loved ones must deal not only with the loss but with the challenges of managing daily care. The purpose of the systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature was to identify and explore depression and related interventions for caregivers of hospice patients. While the prevalence of depression reported in the identified studies of hospice caregivers ranges from 26–57%, few interventions specific to this population have been tested and the research methods have been only moderately rigorous.
Synthesis of image patterns based on cooperative training convnet

A new methodology for image synthesis based on two cooperative training ConvNets is proposed. Two generative ConvNets and unsupervised joint learning are designed to effectively reflect the characteristics of real scenery and image pattern. Every ConvNet is directly derived from the discriminate ConvNet and has the potential to learn from big unlabeled data, either by contrastive divergence. One ConvNet maps the observed image to the feature statistics. and the other maps the latent factors to the observed image. The model is generative in the sense that images can be generated from the probability distribution defined. An experimental evaluation of the proposed approach has been made on publicly available datasets. For natural image patterns, the results of the new technique look subjectively better.
A patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and autism demonstrates a hemizygous deletion affecting Dystrophin

A Patient With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Autism Demonstrates a Hemizygous Deletion Affecting Dystrophin Ozdem Erturk, Kaya Bilguvar, Baris Korkmaz, Yasar Bayri, Fatih Bayrakli, Zulfikar Arlier, Ali K. Ozturk, Cengiz Yalcinkaya, Beyhan Tuysuz, Matthew W. State, and Murat Gunel* Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
Confucianism as Cultural Constraint: A Comparison of Confucian Values of Japanese and Korean University Students

Although the influence of Confucianism over the behaviour and thought of people in East Asia has often been discussed, not much reference has been made with regard to differences in Confucian orientations between countries. This paper examines the proposition that observable Confucian orientations today vary from country to country and that clarifying their differences would help account for the variance of communication styles and attitudes in East Asia. We outline today’s Confucian beliefs in Korea and Japan, and then compare beliefs in these two societies based on results from a survey carried out among university students in the two countries. Analysis was carried out from two perspectives: characteristic differences and level of strength in belief. The results of factor analysis suggest the presence of differences in Confucian values between the two countries. Further comparisons concerning the strength of beliefs, based on the values of 48 items using ANOVA, clarified these differences and suggested important educational implications which are presented in this paper. Confucianism, communication, values, Japan, Korea
BLDC motor commutation based on DSP builder for FPGA

Motion Control focus on BLDC motors based on hall effect sensors needs a strategy of voltage commutation between their windings. In this paper an alternative of a BLDC motor commutation based on DSP Builder toolbox is presented. The DSP Builder is a tool to FPGA programming in the Matlab/Simulink environment that reduce the programming complexity. The strategy is based on hall effect sensor signals and a bit of direction to generate the signals that enable the gates of MOSFETs. The strategy of commutation has been verified by simulation and experimentation with a BLDC motor.
Comparison Between Electro-Acupuncture and Hydrotherapy, Both in Combination With Patient Education and Patient Education Alone, on the Symptomatic Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Hip

Objectives:The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) and hydrotherapy, both in combination with patient education or with patient education alone, in the treatment of osteoarthritis in the hip. Methods:Forty-five patients, aged 42–86 years, with radiographic changes consistent with osteoarthritis in the hip, pain related to motion, pain on load, and ache were chosen. They were randomly allocated to EA, hydrotherapy, both in combination with patient education, or patient education alone. Outcome measures were the disability rating index (DRI), global self-rating index (GSI), and visual analogue scale (VAS). Assessments were done before the intervention and immediately after the last treatment and 1, 3, and 6 months after the last treatment. Results:Pain related to motion and pain on load was reduced up to 3 months after last the treatment in the hydrotherapy group and up to 6 months in the EA group. Ache during the day was significantly improved in both the EA and hydrotherapy group up to 3 months after the last treatment. Ache during the night was reduced in the hydrotherapy group up to 3 months after the last treatment and in the EA group up to 6 months after. Disability in functional activities was improved in EA and hydrotherapy groups up to 6 months after the last treatment. Quality of life was also improved in EA and hydrotherapy groups up to 3 months after the last treatment. There were no changes in the education group alone. Discussion:In conclusion, EA and hydrotherapy, both in combination with patient education, induce long-lasting effects, shown by reduced pain and ache and by increased functional activity and quality of life, as demonstrated by differences in the pre- and post-treatment assessments.
microRNA 319 a-Targeted Brassica rapa ssp . pekinensis TCP Genes Modulate Head Shape in Chinese Cabbage by Differential Cell Division Arrest in Leaf Regions 1 [ C ] [ W ]

Leafy heads of cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) are composed of extremely incurved leaves. The shape of these heads often dictates the quality, and thus the commercial value, of these crops. Using quantitative trait locus mapping of head traits within a population of 150 recombinant inbred lines of Chinese cabbage, we investigated the relationship between expression levels of microRNA-targeted Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, cycloidea, and PCF transcription factor4 (BrpTCP4) genes and head shape. Here, we demonstrate that a cylindrical head shape is associated with relatively low BrpTCP4-1 expression, whereas a round head shape is associated with high BrpTCP4-1 expression. In the round-type Chinese cabbage, microRNA319 (miR319) accumulation and BrpTCP4-1 expression decrease from the apical to central regions of leaves. Overexpression of BrpMIR319a2 reduced the expression levels of BrpTCP4 and resulted in an even distribution of BrpTCP4 transcripts within all leaf regions. Changes in temporal and spatial patterns of BrpTCP4 expression appear to be associated with excess growth of both apical and interveinal regions, straightened leaf tips, and a transition from the round to the cylindrical head shape. These results suggest that the miR319a-targeted BrpTCP gene regulates the round shape of leafy heads via differential cell division arrest in leaf regions. Therefore, the manipulation of miR319a and BrpTCP4 genes is a potentially important tool for use in the genetic improvement of head shape in these crops.
A negative imaginary approach to control the vibrations of a string

A guitar string that is rigidly clamped at both the ends is considered. This string is actuated by a supplying current, through it, in the presence of magnetic field. A sensor measuring the string displacement is positioned such that the input, which is the supplied current, and the output, the string displacement, appear collocated. An experiment is performed by exciting the string using sine-sweep and measuring the corresponding output. A model is fit to the input-output data, and is shown to satisfy the negative imaginary property. An integral resonant controller is designed by exploiting negative imaginary property such that it damps the first five resonant modes of the string. This is verified experimentally.
1 Determination of Assimilable Organic Carbon in Drinking Water Comparative Study of ATP Bioluminescence Method with Conventional Plate Count

The present work aimed at the participation in the validation and application of an ATP bioluminescence assay in water samples. Initially, calibration curves were prepared and the best was chosen (R=1.000). Control charts were built based on measurements of standard ATP solutions of known concentrations, controls and blanks. This technique was applied to the determination of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in drinking water samples. This method was compared to the conventional method for AOC determination based on heterotrophic plate count (HPC). The samples analysed were derived from service reservoirs of Telheiras and S. Jerónimo, Estação Elevatória dos Barbadinhos and from the sampling point deliver from the pipe of Vila Franca de Xira-Telheiras to the Lisbon distribution system. The correlation obtained between the AOC and HPC methods was good (R=0.968) considering all the samples analysed and the sum of both test strains used in the assay, Pseudomonas fluorescens P-17 and Spirillum sp. NOX. Key-words: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP); Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC); Bioluminescence; Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC); Pseudomonas fluorescens P-17; Spirillum sp. NOX.
Twelve-Step attendance trajectories over 7 years among adolescents entering substance use treatment in an integrated health plan.

AIMS This study examines 12-Step attendance trajectories over 7 years, factors associated with the trajectories, and relationships between the trajectories and long-term substance use outcomes among adolescents entering out-patient substance use treatment in a private, non-profit integrated managed-care health plan. DESIGN Longitudinal observational study. SETTING Four Kaiser Permanente Northern California substance use treatment programs. PARTICIPANTS A total of 391 adolescents entering treatment between 2000 and 2002 who completed at least one follow-up interview in year 1, and at least one during years 3-7, after treatment entry. MEASUREMENTS Alcohol and drug use, 12-Step meeting attendance and activity involvement and post-treatment medical service utilization. FINDINGS Semiparametric group-based modeling identified three distinct 12-Step attendance trajectory groups over 7 years: low/no attendance (60%), early but not continued (26%) and continued (14%). There were lower proportions of males and of adolescents with prior substance use treatment experience in the low/no attendance group (P = 0.019 and P = 0.003, respectively). In addition, those in the low/no attendance group had lower perception on circumstances, motivation and readiness for treatment at baseline (P = 0.023). Multivariate logistic generalized estimating equation analyses found that those in the continued group were more likely to be abstinent from both alcohol and drugs during follow-ups than those in the low/no attendance group [odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, P = 0.003 and OR = 1.96, P = 0.026, respectively]. However, no differences in long-term outcomes were found between those in the other two groups. CONCLUSION Robust connection with 12-Step groups appears to be associated with better long-term outcomes among adolescents with substance use disorders.
Role of ultrasound diagnosis in assessing and managing thyroid nodules with inadequate cytology.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a specific ultrasound classification system in evaluating thyroid nodules with inadequate cytology, defined as a cytologic result that shows insufficient cellularity and does not provide useful information. Ultrasound diagnoses were made in accordance with a specially devised ultrasound classification system. SUBJECTS AND METHODS From January 2008 to December 2009, 1036 patients with 1289 thyroid nodules (largest diameter ≥ 5 mm) diagnosed by ultrasound and subsequent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) were enrolled in the study. Each thyroid nodule was prospectively classified on the basis of its ultrasound features by a single radiologist into one of five diagnostic categories: benign, probably benign, borderline, possibly malignant, or malignant. Solid nodules were classified using all five categories, whereas partially cystic thyroid nodules were classified using four (borderline was omitted). Repeated ultrasound-guided FNA was performed on all nodules for which the initial ultrasound-guided FNA revealed inadequate cytology. RESULTS Of 96 nodules with inadequate cytology (96/1289, 7.4%), 22 were surgically removed, and the ultrasound diagnoses and cytopathology results of all 96 were compared. A borderline ultrasound diagnosis was assigned to 13 nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were calculated for all nodules excluding all the borderline nodules (100%, 95.1%, 33.3%, 100%, and 95.2%, respectively) and with four borderline nodules reclassified as benign (100%, 95.3%, 33.3%, 100%, and 95.4%, respectively). The values obtained with these approaches were not significantly different (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The selective use of repeated ultrasound-guided FNA for nodules with initial inadequate cytology may be preferable to its unconditional use depending on the ultrasound diagnoses of thyroid nodules.
High-Performance Al–Sn–Zn–O Thin-Film Transistor With a Quasi-Double-Channel Structure

We successfully fabricated high-performance Al-Sn-Zn-O thin-film transistors (ATZO TFTs) with a quasidouble-channel (QDC) structure on glass by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The bilayer ATZO films are fabricated with different oxygen partial pressures during the sputtering process. The structure of the top ATZO layer is optimized to improve OFF-state performances. With this QDC structure, the ATZO TFT demonstrates excellent electrical performances, including a low OFF-state current of 840 fA, an ON/OFF current ratio of 1.08 × 109, a steep threshold swing of 0.16 V/decade, a superior saturation mobility of 108.28 cm2V-1s-1, and a threshold voltage of 2.09 V.
The oxidation of fullerenes (C60 and C70) with various oxidants by ultrasonication

The reaction of C60 by ultrasonication with various oxidants such as 3-chloroperoxy benzoic acid (Fluka 99%), 4-methyl morpholine N-oxide (Aldrich 97%), chromium (VI) oxide (Aldrich 99.9%), and oxone monopersulfate compound, at room temperature causes the oxidation of fullerenes. The FAB-MS spectra and HPLC profile confirmed that the products of fullerene oxidation are [C60(O)n] (n = 1∼3 or n = 1). C70 also reacted by ultrasonication with various oxidants but the reaction rate of C70 was slower than that of C60.