Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contrasting trophic interactions of microbial and copepod communities in a fjord ecosystem, Chilean Patagonia

Trophic interactions between microbial and copepod communities were studied during winter and under spring-bloom conditions in the Reloncavi Fjord, Chile, and adjacent channels. Grazing by heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) and microzooplankton was estimated using the size- fractionation method. Simultaneously, copepod grazing experiments using naturally occurring plank- ton assemblages were performed. Contrasting food environments for planktonic consumers were found between winter and spring, with biomasses of prey organisms 50% d -1 ). During spring, small and large copepods exhibited prey ingestion rates of 2 to 3 and ca. 6 to 10 μg C ind. -1 d -1 , respectively. In such a contrasting food environment, copepods have to alleviate the effects of food scarcity either by modifying their metabolic demands or by switching their diet to microbial organisms that are available during periods of low diatom biomass. The pre- sent study reveals that, even under productive spring-bloom conditions, the less-abundant heterotrophic protists constitute a substantial proportion (ca. 30% of the daily consumption) of the copepod diet in fjord ecosystems.
Genetic Dissection of Stem Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Agronomic Traits in Wheat under Different Water Regimes

Drought is a major environmental stress threatening wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity worldwide. Although drought impedes wheat performance at all growth stages, it is more critical during the flowering and grain-filling phases and results in substantial yield losses. In this context, stem water-soluble carbohydrates (SWSC) were dissected at flowering and grain filling stages under drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions using a population consisted of 116 wheat accessions in this research. The main goal was to dissect the genetic basis of water-soluble carbohydrates and the agronomic traits using association mapping approach and identify linked molecular markers. The results showed significant and positive correlations for stem water-soluble carbohydrates at grain filling (SWSCG) with accumulating efficiency of stem water-soluble carbohydrates (AESWSC) and grain filling efficiency at the late stage (GFEL). The accumulating and grain filling efficiency at grain filling stage could play an important role for SWSC especially under DS condition. Four favorable alleles for plant height (PH) and grain yield (GY) were identified in two water environments. Xbarc78-4A163and Xbarc78-4A155 were variant alleles for PH which were identified in both water regimes. Whereas Xwmc25-2D151 and Xgwm165-4B191 positively linked with GY in WW. Although Xwmc420-4A121and Xwmc112-2D215 were alleles for stem water-soluble carbohydrates at flowering (SWSCF) and SWSCG in DS but the frequency were < 5% so they were considered as rare alleles. These SSR markers which explained significant level of phenotypic variability for chosen traits could be used for selection of genotypes in wheat breeding programs through marker-assisted selection.
Agar media for isolation of Neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia

European canker pathogen, caused by the fungus Neonectria ditissima, could not be isolated when infected woody tissues were plated directly onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA) or acidified PDA (pH 4.5). However, the alternative media, water agar (WA) and apple sap-amended water agar (ASAWA), were successfully used to isolate the pathogen. In the preparation of ASAWA, green shoots of 1-year-old fresh 'Scilate' apple were frozen overnight then allowed to thaw. The tissues were then centrifuged and the sap collected to prepare the medium. Neonectria ditissima could be isolated from both symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues on both WA and ASAWA. Both media supported the production of large numbers of conidia in vitro, with more conidia being produced on ASAWA than on WA. The conidia produced in vitro had morphological characteristics and pathogenicity similar to those produced in the field.
Hybrid graphene heterojunction photodetector with high infrared responsivity through barrier tailoring

The graphene/Si heterojunction is attractive for high gain and broadband photodetection through photogating effect. However, the photoresponsivity in these devices are still limited to under 1 A W−1 if no narrowband absorption-enhanced nanostructures were used. In this paper, the effects of barriers on photoresponse are systematically studied at 1550 nm wavelength. Different barrier heights are obtained through selection of substrates, graphene doping and electrical tuning. Lower barrier height for graphene side and higher barrier height for silicon side are found to be beneficial for better infrared photoresponse. Through Polyetherimide doping of graphene and back-gated electrical modulation, the responsivity finally reached 5.71 A W−1, which to our knowledge is among the best results for graphene-based infrared photodetectors with graphene adopted as a light-absorption material. It is found that the thermionic emission efficiency of indirect transition in graphene is related to the difference in emissioin barrier height, and the lifetime of photoinduced carriers in the channel can be enhanced by built-in potential. These results lay the foundation for the photodetection applicatioins of graphene/Si heterojunction in the longer-wavelength infrared region.
Long-Term Grazing Effects on Genetic Variability in Mountain Rough Fescue

Abstract Festuca campestris Rydb. (mountain rough fescue) is a dominant grass species in the montane grasslands of western Canada. Little is known about the genetic diversity of this plant and the effects of long-term grazing on the genetics of populations. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was applied to compare the genetic diversity of fescue plants at adjacent grazed and protected areas for 3 populations spread across a longitudinal range: Stavely in the foothills, Milroy in the Rocky Mountain trench, and Goose Lake on the interior plateau. Five AFLP primer pairs were used to screen the tiller samples of about 39 plants in each grazed (or ungrazed) area, and 139 polymorphic AFLP bands were scored for each individual sample. These scored bands had frequencies ranging from 0.03 to 0.98 with an average of 0.56. About 81% of the total AFLP variation resided within the populations. The Goose Lake population had the lowest level of AFLP variation, but genetically was the most distinct. Four AFLP bands were possibly associated with chromosomal segments significant for grazing resistance. Comparisons of AFLP variation between grazing and nongrazing samples revealed variable and relatively small impacts of the long-term grazing on the genetic diversity of the grazed populations. The AFLP variation of grazed samples was 1.5% lower at Goose Lake, 2.2% higher at Milroy, and not different at Stavely. If developing diverse germplasm for rangeland seedings is desired, one should sample across geographic space rather than combining materials with and without historical grazing pressure.
GDP and Tax Revenues-Causality Relationship in Developing Countries: Evidence from Palestine

The study aims to investigate the causality relationship between Gross Domestic Product and its components with Tax revenues in developing countries as a case study in Palestine. This study based on an empirical approach using secondary data from Palestine monetary Authority during (1999-2014). The findings exposed mainly that the tax revenues does not Granger Cause each of the Palestinian Gross Domestic Product, Government spending, Consumption, Investment and Balance of trade. In addition, researcher divided period of study into three stages according to changing in income tax act. Moreover, results shows that the impact of macro-economic variables on tax revenues and correlations between dependent and independent variables was changing from one stage to other. This paper concludes that the Palestinian authority should motivate investment conditions and improve the tax collection instruments and decrease the tax invasion. In addition, Palestinian government should rationalize the government consumption spending and increase the government expenditure for the development.
Ten things we would do differently today: reflections on a decade of ALMA software development

The software for the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) that has been developed in a collaboration of ESO, NRAO, NAOJ and the Joint ALMA Observatory for well over a decade is an integrated end-to-end software system of about six million lines of source code. As we enter the third cycle of science observations, we reflect on some of the decisions taken and call out ten topics where we could have taken a different approach at the time, or would take a different approach in today’s environment. We believe that these lessons learned should be helpful as the next generation of large telescope projects move into their construction phases.
A definition, model, and empirical analysis of business‐to‐business relationship quality

Purpose – The aim of this research is to provide insights into quality in a business‐to‐business relationship setting. The objectives are to review related relationship quality studies, to put forward first a definition and then a model of perceived business‐to‐business relationship quality, and afterwards to illustrate and deepen this model with empirical data from a typical business‐to‐business relationship.Design/methodology/approach – The whole study rests on accumulated theoretical insights from service management combined with IMP literature which have been used together with empirical findings in an abductive manner to expand the scope on quality to encompass dyadic quality perceptions in a business relationship setting.Findings – The definition and model do not so much depend on completely new elements, but instead the contribution lies in the way that current insights and empirical data have been combined into a conceptually dense and comprehensive entirety. Focusing on the process character of a.
Looking Back on Contributions in the Field of Atmospheric Corrosion Offered by the MICAT Ibero-American Testing Network

The Ibero-American Map of Atmospheric Corrosiveness (MICAT) project was set up in 1988 sponsored by the International Ibero-American programme “Science and Technology for Development (CYTED)” and ended in 1994 after six years of activities. Fourteen countries were involved in this project: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Research was conducted both at laboratories and in a network of 75 atmospheric exposure test sites throughout the Ibero-American region, thus considering a broad spectrum of climatological and pollution conditions. Although with its own peculiarities, the project basically followed the outline of the ISOCORRAG and ICP/UNECE projects, with the aim of a desirable link between the three projects. This paper summarizes the results obtained in the MICAT project for mild steel, zinc, copper, and aluminum specimens exposed for one year in different rural, urban, and marine atmospheres in the Ibero-American region. Complementary morphological and chemical studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques, in order to correlate climatic and atmospheric conditions and properties of the corrosion products.
Sensorial, chemical and microbiological quality of anchovy cake

In this study, fish cake prepared using raw anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus ) and its products were stored in a locked bag at a cold temperature of 4 ± 1°C. Moisture, ash, fat, protein, salt, pH, TVB-N, number of TBA, TMA-N and histamine values, number of total aerobic microorganisms (at 5 and 30°C temperature of incubation) and yeast-mold were determined in the raw material during the production period. Sensorial, chemical (pH, TVB-N, number of TBA, and TMA-N values) and microbiological changes during cold storage period of the products were carried out every 3 days and with three replications. In this study, the prepared product was appreciated by the panelists that participated in the sensorial analyses. In addition, as the values obtained from sensorial, chemical and microbiological values were evaluated, the shelf-life of the anchovy cake during cold storage (4 ± 1°C) was found to be 6 days.
Anti-reflection Coating Solar Cell Structure Based on Conductive Nanoparticles

In this paper, we investigate for the first time antireflection coating structure for silicon solar cell where CNPs (conductive nanoparticles) film layer is sandwiched between a semi-infinite glass cover layer and a semi-infinite silicon substrate. The transmission and reflection coefficients are derived by the transfer matrix method and simulated for values of unit cell sizes, gab widths in visible and near-infrared radiation. In addition, the absorption, reflection coefficients are examined for several angles of incidence of the TE (transverse electric) polarized guided waves. Numerical results provide an extremely high absorption, if nanoparticles are suitably located and sized. The absorptivity of the structure achieves 100% at gab width of 3.5 nm and CNP layer thickness of 150 nm.
Child care center staff composition and early child development

We estimate effects of child care center staff composition on early child development. During the years our data covers, child care centers in Oslo were oversubscribed, and child care slots were allocated through a lottery. This allow us to explore how staff education, experience and stability, as well as proportion of male and immigrant staff, affect the cognitive development of children whose parents initially applied for the same center(s), but where children got offers from different institutions. We find that children who get their first offer of child care enrollment in a child care center with a higher share of male staff, perform better on tests in language and mathematics in the early years of school.
A Narrative Study of In-service EAP Teachers’ Cognition on Language Teacher Role Identities

The present exploratory study probed Iranian in-service EAP teachers’ cognitions on language teacher role identities. Life history narratives and teaching philosophy statements were employed to collect qualitative data from nine Iranian in-service EAP teachers at one of the state universities in Iran. The data included the teachers’ descriptions of their teaching philosophies as well as their evaluations and interpretations of their prior teachers’ ways of being language teachers. Inductive analysis of the data allowed the researchers to identify Eight role identities including ‘teachers as creators and users of learning opportunities’; ‘teachers as selectors and users of teaching/learning materials’; ‘teachers as assessors and evaluators’; ‘teachers as researchers’; ‘teachers as realizers and facilitators of the development of learners' (full) potentials’; ‘teachers as observers of ethicality’; ‘teachers as learners’; and, ‘teachers as teacher educators’. In addition to providing a typology of teacher role identities that Iranian language teachers identify with, the study might promise some implications for language teacher education and teacher education research.
Increase of the expression and activity of ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase in the cells adapted to low CO2 in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803

To investigate the effect of low CO2 on the expression and activity of ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase (FNR) and this enzyme-mediated cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (cyclic PSI), the activity staining, immunoblotting and initial rate of P700 reduction were measured in highor low-CO2-grown (H or L)-cells of wild-type Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (WT) and its ΔndhB mutant (M55). Major results were depicted as follows. (1) The protein levels and activity of FNR were remarkably stimulated in L-cells of both WT and M55 relative to that in their H-cells. (2) The rate of cyclic PSI was significantly increased in L-cells of WT, not M55, when compared to that in respective H-cells. (3) N-ethylmaleimide, an inhibitor of FNR, partially inhibited the increase in the rate of cyclic PSI induced by low CO2 in both WT and M55. These findings indicated that low CO2 enhanced the expression and activity of FNR and the cyclic PSI mediated by FNR. The contribution of FNR to cyclic PSI is shortly discussed. Additional key words: expression and activity, ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase, low CO2, Synechocystis 6803.
Observed poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation since 1979

Using three meteorological reanalyses and three outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) datasets, we show that the Hadley circulation has a significant expansion of about 2 to 4.5 degrees of latitude since 1979. The three reanalyses all indicate that the poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation in each hemisphere occurs during its summer and fall seasons. Results from the OLR datasets do not have such seasonality. The expansion of the Hadley circulation implies a poleward expansion of the band of subtropical subsidence, leading to enhanced mid-latitude tropospheric warming and poleward shifts of the subtropical dry zone. This would contribute to an increased frequency of midlatitude droughts in both hemispheres.
Taking the ‘physical’ out of physical education

Abstract Australian youth (5–17) are exhibiting the most alarming statistics surrounding poor physical activity (PA) levels and increasing correlating chronic disease trends (i.e. obesity). With schools well positioned to address such concerns, this study aimed to determine the type, frequency and intensity levels of PA being undertaken by children during their physical education (PE) classes (Queensland, Australia). A cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted, using a mixed methods approach across 10 primary schools (grades 1–5), with the purpose of determining if in fact there are appropriate PA levels undertaken and implemented by PE teachers, for school-aged students. Observation of 30 students was used to assess PE class practice with Primary Outcome Variables collected from Student Activity, Lesson Context and Teacher Interaction. Further questionnaires were administered to students (n = 80), PE specialists (n = 10) and principals (n = 10). Whilst this study specifically addresses the importance of correctly structured PE lessons, further attention is directed towards identifying the impact appropriately structured PA levels have on students’ wider social and emotional well-being. Schools are encouraged to prioritise the importance of PA at a school level, for example, through re-engaging key stakeholders to ensure the delivery methods meet national and international PA guidelines.
Bidding decision model for the card game Tarok

In the paper we present a decision model for bidding in the card game four-player tarok. The decision model was built on the basis of Bayesian networks. We developed a program called Tarok7 for playing four-player tarok, which served as a testbed for evaluating the decision model. With the help of Tarok7 program, the model was compared to human experts. The results of the comparison show high matching of the program's bidding with the bidding of human experts.
Ecological Succession on Neotropical Landslides: Comparing successional patterns of four different aged landslides in the Cerro Candelaria Reserve

In an area that is vulnerable to frequent landslides due to steep montane slopes and heavy rain falls it is important to understand how the ecosystem regenerates after it has been disturbed. This study examined ecological succession patterns by comparing the vegetation on four different aged landslides and the unharmed forest within the Cerro Candelaria Reserve, located in a cloud forest ecosystem in central Ecuador. One meter soil profiles and 5x5 meter vegetation quadrats were used to observe and characterize the habitats on the four individual landslides and unharmed forest. At each location, soil color, texture, and structure were characterized. Plants within the plots were identified, and the Jaccard Index was used to determine similarity between sites. It was discovered that succession trajectories are highly dependent on soil quality rather than allotted time for regeneration. Asteraceae was the most dominate pioneer plant family within the area, appearing on all four landslides but not in the unharmed forest. Other common pioneer plants found were ferns, Poaceae, Melastomataceae, and Urticaceae. The overall findings suggest that successional sequences are unique to the individual landslide habitats, dependent on landslide incidence, soil quality and neighboring habitats, but regenerating ecosystems share some similar pioneer plant families. Resumen En un lugar que es vulnerable a los derrumbes frecuentes debido a las empinadas laderas montañosas y caídas de lluvias fuertes es importante entender cómo el ecosistema se regenera después de que ha sido perturbado. Este estudio examinó los patrones de sucesión ecológica comparando la vegetación en cuatro derrumbes diferentes y el bosque ileso dentro de la Reserva Cerro Candelaria, ubicado en un ecosistema de bosque nublado en el centro de Ecuador. Se utilizaron los perfiles del suelo de un metro y los cuadrados de vegetación de 5x5 metros para observar y caracterizar los hábitats de los cuatro derrumbes individuales y bosque ileso. En cada ubicación, se caracterizó el color del suelo, la textura y la estructura. Se identificaron las plantas dentro de las parcelas, y se usó el índice Jaccard para determinar la similitud entre los sitios. Se descubrió que las trayectorias de sucesión son altamente dependientes de la calidad del suelo en lugar de tiempo asignado para la regeneración. Asteraceae fue la familia de plantas pioneras más dominada dentro de la zona, apareciendo en los cuatro derrumbes pero no en el bosque ileso. Otras plantas pioneras comunes encontradas eran helechos, Poaceae, Melastomataceae, y Urticaceae. Los hallazgos generales sugieren que las secuencias sucesionales son exclusivas de los hábitats de derrumbes individuales, dependiendo de la incidencia de derrumbes, la calidad del suelo y los hábitats vecinos, pero los ecosistemas de regeneración comparten algunas familias de plantas pioneras similares. Topic Codes: 614 (Ecology), 624 (Environmental Sciences), 625 (Geology)