Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial and dietary requirements of the chuditch (Dasyurus geoffroii) in a semiarid climatic zone

Knowledge of the ecology of the chuditch (Dasyurus geoffroii) is largely restricted to its distribution in mesic jarrah forests. There is a need for information regarding its ecology in semiarid zones where rainfall and consequently productivity are lower than mesic forests. Given that spatial requirements are strongly influenced by resource availability, it was expected that the chuditch in the semiarid zone would be present at lower densities and would have larger core home ranges (defined by daytime refuges) than those in the jarrah forests. The diet was also investigated by examining the contents of scats. Chuditch at Forrestania were trapped and six individuals were radio-tracked. The population density was one-third that of the lowest estimate reported from the jarrah forest and core home-range estimates were substantially larger, particularly for males. The diet included mammals, birds, reptiles, invertebrates, plants and rubbish, which was consistent with it being a generalist predator. Chuditch did have greater spatial requirements than in the jarrah forest, therefore different management regimes may be needed for populations occurring in the semiarid zone.
Patterns of carcass fat deposition in heifers, steers and bulls

Seventy-five young, full-fed, Shorthorn-sired cattle (36 heifers, 24 steers, 15 bulls) were slaughtered over a wide liveweight range (150–550 kg) to evaluate the influence of sex on the patterns of fat deposition. Growth coefficients for depot fat relative to half-carcass fat were homogeneous, and there were no differences (P > 0.05) among the adjusted means of depot fat at constant total fat. This indicates that depot fat partitioning among sexes is probably minor, provided comparisons are made at equal fatness. Total rate of fat deposition relative to muscle was similar for heifers and steers, but significantly (P < 0.01) lower for bulls. It is concluded that differences in fattening patterns among sexes result from a combination of fattening at a lighter weight of carcass muscle in heifers than steers and steers than bulls, and from a more rapid rate of fat deposition relative to muscle in heifers and steers than bulls. Relative to half-carcass fat, the rate of fat deposition was greatest in the subcut.
Bursaphelenchus debrae n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), an associate of the bee Halictus brunnescens in Turkey

Bursaphelenchus species are mostly known as phoretic associates of bark beetles (Scolytidae), weevils (Curculionidae) and longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), but a few other insects are known as vectors and there are several species that have not yet been linked to a host. During a 2-year field survey of soil-dwelling bees from several geographical regions in Turkey, a mycophagous species of Bursaphelenchus was recovered and cultured from an adult female of Halictus brunnescens Eversmann from Ankara, Turkey. Sixty entomophilic dauer juveniles were observed in the poison sac of this bee. Halictus brunnescens is a member of the subgenus Halictus Latreille which is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region and
Diversidad genética y relaciones de parentesco de las poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes, Palmae), utilizando marcadores microsatelitales

Genetic diversity and kin relationships among wild and cultivated populations of the pejibaye palm (Bactris gasipaes, Palmae) using microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity of the peach palm (Pejibaye, Bactris gasipaes Kunth) was evaluated using four nuclear DNA microsatellites in an effort to elu- cidate the evolution and domestication of this crop. A total of 258 samples from seven wild populations and eleven races were analyzed. All loci were polymorphic and a total of 50 alleles were identified. Average genetic diversity (0.67) and genetic differentiation among populations (Fst=0.16) were high when all populations were considered. Genetic differentiation was lower when the populations were grouped according to their origin into Western and Eastern populations (Fst=0.13 for both). Gene flow was slightly higher among Western popula- tions (Nm=1.71) than among Eastern populations (Nm=1.62). The Putumayo, Yurimaguas, vaupes, Tucurrique and Guatuso races seem to have been subjected to intense human selection. Hybrid populations exist in Azuero, Tuira, Cauca, vaupes, Puerto Ayacucho and Solimoes, probably resulting from exchange and introgressions among sympatric wild and cultivated populations. Genetic distance (Dm) was estimated to determine the degree of relationship among populations using the neighbor-joining method; the wild populations from Maracaibo were used as the outgroup. The populations were divided into three general groups: Maracaibo (B. caribaea, B. macana var veragua and B. macana var arapuey), Eastern Amazon (Tembe, Para and Acre) and a third group with two subgroups, Western (Azuero, Chontilla, Tuira, Cauca, Tucurrique and Guatuso) and Upper Amazon (B. dahlgreniana, Puerto Ayacucho, Solimoes, vaupes and Putumayo). The genetic relationships strongly sup- port the hypothesis that peach palm was brought into cultivation independently in no less than three areas: the Western Andes (extending into lower Central America); Upper Amazon (extending into the Solimoes and its tributaries), and the Eastern Amazon (extending from Bolivia to the lower Amazon through the Madeira River). Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (1): 217-245. Epub 2008 March 31.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Tetraclita squamosa squamosa (Sessilia: Tetraclitidae) from China and phylogeny within Cirripedia

Abstract Here we present the complete mitochondrial genome of Tetraclita squamosa squamosa, which is 15,191 bp in length with 67.20% AT content. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal-RNA genes and 22 transfer-RNA genes. All PCGs except nad4l in T. squamosa squamosa start with ATN, and terminated with a complete stop codon, except nad3. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial PCGs shows that T. squamosa squamosa is clustered with T. serrata into a branch (BP = 100). Our result is consistent with previous reports that genus Tetraclita and family Tetraclitidae are not monophyletic. This study contributes to further phylogenetic analysis within Cirripedia.
Minimax Rate for Learning From Pairwise Comparisons in the BTL Model

We consider the problem of learning the qualities w 1 , . , w n of a collection of items by performing noisy comparisons among them. A standard assumption is that there is a ﬁxed “compar-ison graph” and every neighboring pair of items is compared k times. We will study the popular Bradley-Terry-Luce model, where the probability that item i wins a comparison against j equals w i / ( w i + w j ) . The goal is to understand how the expected error in estimating the vector w = ( w 1 , . . . , w n ) behaves in the regime when the number of comparisons k is large. Our contribution is the determination of the minimax rate up to a constant factor. We show that this rate is achieved by a simple algorithm based on weighted least squares, with weights determined from the empirical outcomes of the comparisons. This al-gorithm can be implemented in nearly linear time in the total number of comparisons.
Fruits, Seeds and Germination in the Seagrass Halophila ovalis (Hydrocharitaceae)

Fruits of Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) D. J. Hooker develop on rhizome nodes of the female plants during summer to autumn (February to April) in southern Western Australia. The fruit is protected by a pair of bracts and fruit walls consisting of several enlarged parenchyma cells which contain starch grains. In each fruit there are between one and sixteen seeds with a mean of 7.4 seeds per fruit. The seed has an embryo with a distinct leaf primordium protected by a curved cotyledon, and an enlarged hypocotyl. The hypocotyl consists of numerous uniform parenchymatous cells containing packed starch, protein and lipid as nutrient storage (.)
A synthesis method for path generation of a planar five-bar mechanism based on dynamic self-adaptive atlas database

A method for the path synthesis of a planar five-bar mechanism based on wavelet analysis theory is proposed in this paper. Wavelet transform analysis is used to extract wavelet characteristic parameters(WCPs) from the basic dimensional types(BDTs) database. Combined the numerical atlas method with multidimensional search tree, a four dimensions search tree with a depth of five is obtained, in which numbers of leaf nodes are 4,096, and each node stores 59,787 groups of BDTs database numbers. Meanwhile, an index keyword database is established. By comparing the WCPs of a prescribed curve with index keywords, the leaf node where the desired mechanism is located is found. The WCPs of the BDTs in the leaf node are extracted, and a dynamic self-adaptive atlas database is established. Based on the design requirements, the desired mechanism can be obtained by fuzzy identification. Then, a mathematical model is established for calculating the actual sizes of the desired mechanism. The arbitrary design interval path synthesis of a five-bar mechanism is realized. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the veracity and practicality of the method proposed.
Structural sensing with deep learning: Strain estimation from acceleration data for fatigue assessment

Many of the civil structures experience significant vibrations and repeated stress cycles during their life span. These conditions are the bases for fatigue analysis to accurately establish the remaining fatigue life of the structures that ideally requires a full‐field strain assessment of the structures over years of data collection. Traditional inspection methods collect strain measurements by using strain gauges for a short time span and extrapolate the measurements in time; nevertheless, large‐scale deployment of strain gauges is expensive and laborious as more spatial information is desired. This paper introduces a deep learning‐based approach to replace this high cost by employing inexpensive data coming from acceleration sensors. The proposed approach utilizes collected acceleration responses as inputs to a multistage deep neural network based on long short‐term memory and fully connected layers to estimate the strain responses. The memory requirement of training long acceleration sequences is reduced by proposing a novel training strategy. In the evaluation of the method, a laboratory‐scale horizontally curved girder subjected to various loading scenarios is tested.
Investment Flexibility as a Barrier to Entry

This paper presents a model of investment in a duopoly with firms that choose the scale and timing of investment. Decision-making flexibility and the costs saved by investing in large steps rather than sequences of small steps determine an incumbent’s ability to deter entry by a potential competitor. Entry occurs when these cost savings are very small or very large, because the effect of increased industry capacity on the incumbent’s assets-in-place is the same regardless of which firm invests. In intermediate cases, the incumbent is able to deter entry by making a smaller, earlier investment than the potential entrant. The smaller investment scale protects the incumbent’s assets-in-place, which offsets the incumbent’s cost disadvantage from investing in smaller steps than the entrant would choose. Nevertheless, the threat of entry constrains the incumbent’s investment behavior and limits its profitability. The model is solved using a combination of best-response iteration and the projected successive over-relaxation method.
A new record of the Kumamoto oyster Crassostrea sikamea in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

We collected 138 Kumamoto like oyster specimens in and around the Nakatsu tidal flat to monitor species diversity. The mitochondrial large subunit of ribosomal DNA (LSrDNA) and the nuclear ribosomal internally transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, leading to the discovery of the Kumamoto oyster Crassostrea sikamea in the Nakatsu tidal flat. A more accurate species identification using the nucleotide sequences for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and ITS-1 confirmed the presence of the oysters. These results provide the first evidence of C. sikamea in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan.
Meeting the ecological, social and economic needs of sustainable forest management at a regional scale

Abstract Sustainable forest management (SFM) has a long tradition in Finland, and modern sustainability concepts link economic, ecological and social aspects. The ecological aspect refers to the maintenance of biodiversity and the long-term functionality of forests, while the economic aspects concern continuity of timber supply. Socially sustainable forest management takes multiple use into consideration. These three components of SFM are commonly regarded as competing, or even exclusive, suggesting that there are trade-offs between them. Relationships between components of SFM, however, differ across spatial and temporal scales. Interdisciplinary research is needed to explore the interaction between sustainability components. This study explored the interrelationships between ecological, social and economic sustainability at the regional scale. Regional differences of sustainability components were also studied. Two economic, two social and eight ecological variables were included in the analyses. The study covered 41 regional municipality complexes in central Finland. The results show trade-offs between some ecological components and economic ones. Grouse abundance and numbers of old-growth forest patches decreased when forestry activity increased. There was some support for the idea that socially active communities compete less intensively with ecological components of forests than communities where forestry has a central role.
Spanning Trees as Approximation of Data Structures

The connections in a graph generate a structure that is independent of a coordinate system. This visual metaphor allows creating a more flexible representation of data than a two-dimensional scatterplot. In this article, we present STAD (Simplified Topological Abstraction of Data), a parameter-free dimensionality reduction method that projects high-dimensional data into a graph. STAD generates an abstract representation of high-dimensional data by giving each data point a location in a graph which preserves the approximate distances in the original high-dimensional space. The STAD graph is built upon the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) to which new edges are added until the correlation between the distances from the graph and the original dataset is maximized. Additionally, STAD supports the inclusion of additional functions to focus the exploration and allow the analysis of data from new perspectives, emphasizing traits in data which otherwise would remain hidden. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by applying it to two real-world datasets: traffic density in Barcelona and temporal measurements of air quality in Castile and León in Spain.
Satellite-based remote sensing data set of global surface water storage change from 1992 to 2018

Abstract. The recent availability of freely and openly available satellite remote sensing products has enabled the implementation of global surface water monitoring at a level not previously possible. Here we present a global set of satellite-derived time series of surface water storage variations for lakes and reservoirs for a period that covers the satellite altimetry era. Our goals are to promote the use of satellite-derived products for the study of large inland water bodies and to set the stage for the expected availability of products from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, which will vastly expand the spatial coverage of such products, expected from 2021 on. Our general strategy is to estimate global surface water storage changes (ΔV) in large lakes and reservoirs using a combination of paired water surface elevation (WSE) and water surface area (WSA) extent products. Specifically, we use data produced by multiple satellite altimetry missions (TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, Jason-3, and Envisat) from 1992 on, with surface extent estimated from Terra/Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2000 on. We leverage relationships between elevation and surface area (i.e., hypsometry) to produce estimates of ΔV even during periods when either of the variables was not available. This approach is successful provided that there are strong relationships between the two variables during an overlapping period. Our target is to produce time series of ΔV as well as of WSE and WSA for a set of 347 lakes and reservoirs globally for the 1992–2018 period. The data sets presented and their respective algorithm theoretical basis documents are publicly available and distributed via the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO DAAC; https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/, last access: 13 May 2020) of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Specifically, the WSE data set is available at https://doi.org/10.5067/UCLRS-GREV2 (Birkett et al., 2019), the WSA data set is available at https://doi.org/10.5067/UCLRS-AREV2 (Khandelwal and Kumar, 2019), and the ΔV data set is available at https://doi.org/10.5067/UCLRS-STOV2 (Tortini et al., 2019). The records we describe represent the most complete global surface water time series available from the launch of TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992 (beginning of the satellite altimetry era) to the near present. The production of long-term, consistent, and calibrated records of surface water cycle variables such as in the data set presented here is of fundamental importance to baseline future SWOT products.
Ribosomal RNA Gene Loci and Their Nucleolar Activity in Brassica alboglabra Bailey

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and silver staining techniques were used to reveal the number, chromosomal sites and nucleolar activity of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene loci in Brassica alboglabra Bailey (genome: CC, 2n = 18). Two major and two minor rRNA gene loci were disclosed using FISH. The two major rRNA gene loci were located on the secondary constrictions of the satellited chromosome pair 9, the two minor rRNA gene loci, on the terminal region of the short arms of the non-satellited chromosome pair 8. Two silver-stained nucleolus organizer regions (Ag-NORs) were detected on the secondary constrictions of chromosome pair 9. Two major nucleoli were recorded in telophase nuclei. In interphase nuclei, two micronucleoli were observed in addition to the two major nuceoli. Thus, it is suggested that the satellited chromosome pair 9 with Ag-NORs contains major active rRNA gene loci leading to the formation of major nucleoli, while the non-satellited chromosome pair 8 without detectable Ag-NORs carries minor active rRNA gene loci responsible for the formation of micronucleoli.
Multi-Temporal Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing for Vegetable Mapping Using an Attention-Based Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network

Vegetable mapping from remote sensing imagery is important for precision agricultural activities such as automated pesticide spraying. Multi-temporal unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data has the merits of both very high spatial resolution and useful phenological information, which shows great potential for accurate vegetable classification, especially under complex and fragmented agricultural landscapes. In this study, an attention-based recurrent convolutional neural network (ARCNN) has been proposed for accurate vegetable mapping from multi-temporal UAV red-green-blue (RGB) imagery. The proposed model firstly utilizes a multi-scale deformable CNN to learn and extract rich spatial features from UAV data. Afterwards, the extracted features are fed into an attention-based recurrent neural network (RNN), from which the sequential dependency between multi-temporal features could be established. Finally, the aggregated spatial-temporal features are used to predict the vegetable category. Experimental results show that the proposed ARCNN yields a high performance with an overall accuracy of 92.80%. When compared with mono-temporal classification, the incorporation of multi-temporal UAV imagery could significantly boost the accuracy by 24.49% on average, which justifies the hypothesis that the low spectral resolution of RGB imagery could be compensated by the inclusion of multi-temporal observations. In addition, the attention-based RNN in this study outperforms other feature fusion methods such as feature-stacking. The deformable convolution operation also yields higher classification accuracy than that of a standard convolution unit. Results demonstrate that the ARCNN could provide an effective way for extracting and aggregating discriminative spatial-temporal features for vegetable mapping from multi-temporal UAV RGB imagery.
The use of biological effects monitoring in studies of marine pollution

Although we usually view marine pollution in terms of the distribution of chemicals, several modern approaches allow us to detect biological responses to contaminants with sensitivity approaching that of analytical chemistry. In this review, I summarize practical field experience of measuring responses to pollution at different levels of biological complexity. I discuss three biochemical measurements (hepatic monooxygenase induction in fish, metallothionein induction, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition), measurements of energy partitioning in bivalve molluscs, and analyses of benthic community structure to assess the impact of marine pollution.Key words: monooxygenases, metallothioneins, acetylcholinesterase, Scope for growth, community structure.
Adaptive Model-Free Coupling Controller Design for Multi-Axis Motion Systems

In this study, we introduce an adaptive model-free coupling controller while using recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN) for multi-axis system to minimize the contour error. The proposed method can be applied to linear or nonlinear multi-axis motion control systems following desired paths. By the concept of cross-coupling control (CCC), multi-axis system is transferred into a nonlinear time-varying system due to the time-dependent coordinate transformation; tangential, normal, and bi-normal components of desired contour. Herein, we propose a model-free adaptive coupling controller design approach for multi-axis linear motor system with uncertainty and nonlinear phenomena. RFNN establishes the corresponding adaptive coupling controller to treat the uncertain system with nonlinear phenomenon. The stability of closed-loop system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov method and the adaptation of RFNN is also obtained. Simulation results are introduced in order to illustrate the effectiveness.