Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversification and biogeography of an Indo-Pacific bird radiation (Pachycephalidae)

The utility of islands as natural laboratories of evolution is exemplified in the patterns of differentiation in widespread, phenotypically variable lineages. Pachycephalidae is one of the most complex avian radiations spanning the vast archipelagos of the Indo-Pacific, making it an ideal group to study the patterns and processes of diversification on islands. Here, we present a robust phylogenetic hypothesis for all five genera within Pachycephalidae, based on thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) generated with a target-capture approach and high-throughput sequencing. We clarify certain taxonomic relationships within Pachycephala and discover that Wallacea plays a much larger role in pachycephalid evolutionary history than previously thought. This work further refines our understanding of one of the regions’ most enigmatic bird lineages and adds to our growing knowledge about the patterns and processes of diversification in the Indo-Pacific.
Psychological pre‐sentence evaluations for sentencing young offenders in Australia

Abstract Objective Drawing upon extant Australian and International literature we sought to identify the skills and knowledge psychologists require to competently evaluate Australian young offenders for sentencing. We also sought to identify the key ethical and methodological issues that Australian psychologists should be aware of before commencing a forensic evaluation of a young offender. Method Using search terms “expert witness, pre‐sentence report, pre‐sentence report, forensic mental health assessment, Forensic Mental Health Assessment, forensic assessment, methodology, forensic model, and sentencing juveniles” we searched for peer reviewed articles published between the years 2000–2018 on the PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and ProQuest data bases. Results Drawing upon available literature we identified the knowledge and skills required for evaluations and the ethical standards available to help guide the evaluation. Due to the lack of Australian research in this area, we had to rely on international literature regarding recommended evaluation methods. There is no clear statement on what the psychology profession in Australia believes is an appropriate evaluation methodology and what content is required in a pre‐sentence report. There is no specific data clarifying what Australian judicial officers find helpful in pre‐sentence reports. Conclusions Our article highlights the need for further research into Australian evaluation methodology for pre‐sentence reports, and the need for professional standards and guidelines specific to Australian jurisdictions.
Duodenal Perforation by Swallowed Toothbrush: Case Report and Review of Literature

FB ingestion is not infrequent in emergency department especially in children [1,2]. Although mostly accidental, but a few with mental health issues or prisoners can swallow different kinds of FB like toothpicks, fish or meat bones, screws, coins, metal clips and tooth brush [1,3-6]. Majority of these FB pass through the alimentary tract without complications [7], but sometimes these can lead to obstruction or perforation of the bowel necessitating abdominal exploration by laparoscopy or laparotomy [1]. Spontaneous passage of toothbrush is not mentioned in literature as we describe our case of duodenal perforation leading to peritonitis and exploratory laparotomy.
A novel theory on the predictive value of variation in the β-endorphin system on the risk and severity of PTSD

ABSTRACT Despite growing interest in genetic and psychosocial indicators of heightened susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a predictive model, which explains why some individuals develop PTSD in response to life-threatening traumatic events, while others, when faced with the same or similar experiences, do not, has thus far remained out of reach. In this paper, we review the literature on gene–environment interactions in β-endorphin system functioning with regard to PTSD and suggest that variation, both genetic and with regard to environmental stimuli, in systems which, like the β-endorphin system, distort human perception of life-threatening traumatic experiences may account for some of the variance in resilience to the disorder. Given the role of β-endorphin in both social connections and physical exercise, this becomes especially relevant with regard to military selection, training, and leadership processes.
Time-varying parameters of Croatian import demand

The paper aims to examine Croatian import demand elasticities to changes in income and relative prices while allowing time variation in parameters of import demand. Data sample consist of quarterly time series data over the period 2000 q1 -2018 q3. Following state space model with time-varying parameters approach estimates were obtained and tested. The results revealed persistent and high income elasticity of import demand in Croatia. However, the role of relative prices has changed over the observed period and eventually cannot be distinguished from zero. The findings from this research supported the hypothesis of prices convergence in Croatia towards the prices within European Monetary Union member countries. Furthermore, results found no significant effect on Croatian import demand when Croatia joined the European Union. The research results indicate that, due to a relatively high income elasticity of import demand and convergence of import prices, production of innovative and sophisticated products should be facilitated.
Phase Compensation for Decoupling of Large-Scale Staggered Dual-Polarized Dipole Array Antennas

Staggered array antenna is a common array configuration for large-scale array antennas due to its favorable radiation characteristics and relatively large element spacing. In developing a compact staggered dipole array, the most challenging issue is how to simultaneously reduce the four mutual couplings taking place between adjacent co-polarized antenna elements with diversified phase laggings. A large difference in the phase of different mutual couplings makes simultaneous reduction of all the mutual couplings by applying the recently developed array-antenna decoupling surface (ADS) technique difficult. In this article, a phase compensation method by using a staple-shaped probe for alleviating the largest phase offset is proposed conceptually and verified experimentally. With the proposed phase compensation method, the ADS technique can be effectively applied to a compact staggered dipole array with a wideband simultaneous decoupling. The design guideline for the phase compensation probe is presented by EM simulation and a parametric study. Two practical design examples of dual polarized staggered dipole arrays are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed phase compensation method in conjunction with ADS, showing a promising potential for wideband simultaneous decoupling of a large-scale dual polarized staggered dipole array-antenna.
Open Circuit Performance of Axial Air Gap Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for Wind Energy Conversion: Modeling and Experimental Study

The aim of this paper is to present the design and modeling of a machine that possesses some advantageous characteristics for wind energy conversion applications. The studied machine is a double stator inner rotor axial airgap flux switching permanent magnet machine (AFSPM). The paper will start by presenting this type of machine and its points of interest. Then, it will continue by introducing the constructed prototype and its specifications and structure. This prototype has been designed based on a reference specification used at GREAH to develop different prototypes and compare their performances. The second part will introduce the reluctance network model specifically constructed for this type of machine. The constructed model was validated by comparing its results to the results from the finite element method model. Finally, the experimental results will be presented and compared to the reluctance network (RN) model results where satisfying agreement between both results was obtained.
Research Note—Dyadic OSCE Subscales: Measuring Students’ Ability to Work With Parents and LGBTQ Children

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of two pilot studies focused on examining social work students’ ability to interview two clients at once to provide evidence supporting the use of new dyadic subscales. Students participated in a simulation scenario with either a parent and bisexual child or a parent and transgender child. Licensed social workers rated the students by using two dyadic subscales: five items designed to assess students’ communication skills in a dyadic client interview and five items designed to evaluate students’ reflections on their experience facilitating a dyadic client interview. This article provides initial reliability scores and describes how subscale items improved internal consistency for the objective structured clinical examination Performance Rating Scale and Reflection Rating Scale.
Bayesian inversion of joint SH seismic and seismoelectric data to infer glacier system properties

In glacial studies, properties such as glacier thickness and the basement permeability and porosity are key to understand the hydrological and mechanical behaviour of the system. The seismoelectric method could potentially be used to determine key properties of glacial environments. Here we analytically model the generation of seismic and seismoelectric signals by means of a shear horizontal seismic wave source on top of a glacier overlying a porous basement. Considering a one‐dimensional setting, we compute the seismic waves and the electrokinetically induced electric field. We then analyse the sensitivity of the seismic and electromagnetic data to relevant model parameters, namely depth of the glacier bottom, porosity, permeability, shear modulus and saturating water salinity of the glacier basement. Moreover, we study the possibility of inferring these key parameters from a set of very low noise synthetic data, adopting a Bayesian framework to pay particular attention to the uncertainty of the model parameters mentioned above. We tackle the resolution of the probabilistic inverse problem with two strategies: (1) we compute the marginal posterior distributions of each model parameter solving multidimensional integrals numerically and (2) we use a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to retrieve a collection of model parameters that follows the posterior probability density function of the model parameters, given the synthetic data set. Both methodologies are able to obtain the marginal distributions of the parameters and estimate their mean and standard deviation. The Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm performs better in terms of numerical stability and number of iterations needed to characterize the distributions. The inversion of seismic data alone is not able to constrain the values of porosity and permeability further than the prior distribution. In turn, the inversion of the electric data alone, and the joint inversion of seismic and electric data are useful to constrain these parameters as well as other glacial system properties. Furthermore, the joint inversion reduces the uncertainty of the model parameters estimates and provides more accurate results.
Using Sampled-Data Modeling Method to Derive Equivalent Circuit and Linearized Control Method for Dual-Active-Bridge Converter

In this article, based on sampled-data modeling technique, a second-order equivalent circuit that can describe the global dynamic characteristics of dual active bridge (DAB) converter is developed. The proposed technique can characterize the dynamics of the ac current through the transformer and the output voltage. Afterward, by using a sensitive-based tool, named participation factor, it is identified which state variables are critical for system stability and which state variables provide negligible effects. On this basis, the large-signal equivalent circuit is simplified, meanwhile, the parasitic resistance is still taken into account by an intuitive “loss branch. ” This model can be used to comprehensively investigate the relationship of the DAB converter stability versus circuit parameters, controller gain, input/reference voltage, and the load conditions, and these results can be expressed analytically. Furthermore, a linearized control method is proposed to eliminate the nonlinear terms in the equivalent circuit model. It facilitates to reduce the sensitivity of system stability to the load condition and reference voltage and helps to enlarge the stable region. Finally, the proposed model is validated by comparing the results obtained by the model with the simulations and experimental results. The effectiveness of the linearized control method is also demonstrated.
A qualitative evaluation of professionals’ experiences of conducting Beardslee’s family intervention in families with parental psychosis

Abstract After Sweden passed new health care legislation in 2010, Beardslee’s preventive family intervention (FI) was implemented to meet children’s rights to information and support. No studies have yet evaluated perceived effectiveness of FI in families with parental psychosis or its reception by families or professionals. This study focused on professionals’ experiences of offering FI to parents with psychosis, their partners, and their children. We conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with FI-educated professionals at open care psychosis service units. Both authors applied thematic analysis to the interview data. The main reported benefit of FI was more open communication in the family; discussing the parent’s illness was thought to be helpful for all family members. Psychoeducation was described as particularly useful because family members generally seemed to lack sufficient information about psychosis. The FI manual also made professionals more confident about asking about patients’ parenting capacity and their children’s wellbeing. Despite positive descriptions, participants had conducted few FI interventions because of heavy workloads, organizational problems, and patients’ resistance to talking about their children. These barriers need to be addressed because children of parents with psychosis are a vulnerable group in great need of information and support.
Adsorption and dissociation of the methanethiol (CH3SH) molecule on the Fe(100) surface

These contributions explore interaction modes between the methanethoil (CH3SH) molecule and the Fe(100) surface via implementing accurate density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the inclusion of van der Waals corrections. We consider three adsorption sites over the Fe(100) surface, namely, top(T), bridge (B), and hollow (H) sites as potential catalytic active sites for the molecular and dissociative adsorption of the CH3SH molecule. The molecular adsorption structures are found to occupy either B or T sites with former sites holding higher stability by 0.17 eV. The inclusion of van der Waals corrections refound to slightly alter adsorption energies. For instance, adsorption energies increased by ~0.18 and ~0.21 eV for B and T structure, respectively, in reference to values obtained by the plain generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional. A stability ordering of the dissociation products was found to follow the sequence (CH4, S) > (CH3, S, H) > (─SCH3, H) > (─CH3, SH). The differential charge density distributions were examined to underpin prominent electronic contributing factors. Direct fission of C─S bond in the CH3SH molecule attains exothermic values in the range 2.0 to 2.1 eV. The most energetically favorable sites for the surface‐mediated fission of the thiol's S─H bond correspond to the structure where the ─SCH3 and H are both situated on hollow sites with an adsorption energy of −2.43 eV. Overall, we found that inclusion of van der Waals functional to change the binding energies more noticeably in case of dissociative adsorption structures. The results presented herein should be instrumental in efforts that aim to design stand‐alone Fe desulfurization catalysts.
Non-Contact Vehicle Overload Identification Method Based on Body Vibration Theory

Vehicle overload seriously affects the traffic safety, damages the road infrastructure, and the road service life is reduced. There are many shortcomings in the current detection methods for overloaded vehicles. Traditional static weighing stations are relatively fixed and affect the road traffic efficiency; the cost of weighing in motion station is high, while the precision is not enough; on-board weighing electronic products require the modification of vehicles, which is difficult to promote. In this paper, a non-contact overload detection method based on body vibration is proposed. After the analyzation of the body vibration response of dynamic vehicles under specific vibrational excitation, the load value data can be obtained combined with standard parameters and mathematical calculation model. Firstly, the body vibration response model under specific excitation is established. Then, roadbed facilities are arranged according to specific requirements, cameras calibration are finished, and the identification environment is built. Machine vision technology is used to identify the vibration track of the characteristic point on the vehicle body in the vertical direction. The vibration response characteristic parameters are extracted using the established response model. Finally, the vehicle load value data can be obtained by resolve the characteristic parameters. Compared with the rated load data in the database, the overload judgment of the vehicle is obtained. In the experiment part, the road speed-control hump was used as the vibration excitation source. The vehicle experiments were carried out with Dongfeng Aeolus S30 and Yuejin Shangjun X500. The results show that the load identification error can be controlled within 20%–30%. This method above can detect overload vehicles without affecting the traffic efficiency and also has certain guiding significance for the development of intelligent vehicles.
R²MRF: Defocus Blur Detection via Recurrently Refining Multi-Scale Residual Features

Defocus blur detection aims to separate the in-focus and out-of-focus regions in an image. Although attracting more and more attention due to its remarkable potential applications, there are still several challenges for accurate defocus blur detection, such as the interference of background clutter, sensitivity to scales and missing boundary details of defocus blur regions. In order to address these issues, we propose a deep neural network which Recurrently Refines Multi-scale Residual Features (R2MRF) for defocus blur detection. We firstly extract multi-scale deep features by utilizing a fully convolutional network. For each layer, we design a novel recurrent residual refinement branch embedded with multiple residual refinement modules (RRMs) to more accurately detect blur regions from the input image. Considering that the features from bottom layers are able to capture rich low-level features for details preservation while the features from top layers are capable of characterizing the semantic information for locating blur regions, we aggregate the deep features from different layers to learn the residual between the intermediate prediction and the ground truth for each recurrent step in each residual refinement branch. Since the defocus degree is sensitive to image scales, we finally fuse the side output of each branch to obtain the final blur detection map. We evaluate the proposed network on two commonly used defocus blur detection benchmark datasets by comparing it with other 11 state-of-the-art methods. Extensive experimental results with ablation studies demonstrate that R2MRF consistently and significantly outperforms the competitors in terms of both efficiency and accuracy.
“Tougher than ever”: An exploration of relapse prevention strategies among patients recovering from poly-substance use disorders in Ghana

Abstract Objective: Drug dependency has been typified as a persistent relapsing disorder. Overall, 65% of people with substance use disorders relapse within one year after treatment. Recent interventions have focussed on contextually relevant relapse prevention strategies. This study explored relapse prevention strategies utilised by patients recovering from poly-substance use disorders one year after treatment at a Psychiatric Rehabilitation Unit in Ghana. Methods: The study adopted a descriptive phenomenology design and was conducted at the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Unit of the Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana. A purposive sample of 15 patients recovering from poly-substance use disorders were recruited. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with a semistructured guide and analysed using the content analysis procedures. Results: Five key themes emerged from the analysis of the data that described participants’ relapse prevention strategies. These include clinical strategies, self-initiated tactics, spirituality and religious engagements, communalism and social support network. Conclusions: The evidence from this study supports a multilevel treatment strategy for patients with poly-substance disorders. We found that a combination of clinical, individual and contextual factors significantly contribute to relapse prevention efforts in the Ghanaian context. Clinicians and treatment services should explore, evaluate, strengthen and incorporate these emerging themes into their relapse prevention interventions protocols.
The Improvement of Pollutant Removal in the Ferric-Carbon Micro-Electrolysis Constructed Wetland by Partial Aeration

Subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW) has been applied for wastewater treatment for several decades. In recent years, the combination of ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis (Fe/C-M/E) and SSFCW was proven to be an effective method of multifarious sewage treatment. However, Ferric substrate created a relatively reductive condition, decreased the oxidation efficiency of NH4+-N, and blocked the following denitrification process, which led to the low removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and total nitrogen (TN). In this study, partial aeration was introduced into the ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis SSFCW (Fe/C-M/E CW) system to solve the problem above. The water quality and nitrogen-related functional genes of bacteria on the surface of substrate were measured for mechanism exploration. The results showed that, the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and total phosphorus (TP) in an aerated Fe/C-M/E CW system were 96.97% ± 6.06% and 84.62% ± 8.47%, much higher than 43.33% ± 11.27% and 60.16% ± 2.95% in the unaerated Fe/C-M/E CW systems. However, the TN removal in Fe/C-M/E CW system was not enhanced by aeration, which could be optimized by extending more anoxic section for denitrification.