Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Alpine mountain-plain circulation: Airborne Doppler lidar measurements and numerical simulations

On summer days radiative heating of the Alps produces rising air above the mountains and a resulting inflow of air from the foreland. This leads to a horizontal transport of air from the foreland to the Alps, and a vertical transport from the boundary layer into the free troposphere above the mountains. The structure and the transports of this mountain–plain circulation in southern Germany (“Alpine pumping”) were investigated using an airborne 2-m scanning Doppler lidar, a wind-temperature radar, dropsondes, rawinsondes, and numerical models. The measurements were part of the Vertical Transport and Orography (VERTIKATOR) campaign in summer 2002. Comparisons of dropsonde and lidar data proved that the lidar is capable of measuring the wind direction and wind speed of this weak flow toward the Alps (1–4 ms 1 ). The flow was up to 1500 m deep, and it extended 80 km into the Alpine foreland. Lidar data are volume measurements (horizontal resolution 5 km, vertical resolution 100 m). Therefore, they are ideal for the investigation of the flow structure and the comparison to numerical models. Even the vertical velocities measured by the lidar agreed with the mass budget calculations in terms of both sign and magnitude. The numerical simulations with the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) (mesh size 2 and 6 km) and the Local Model (LM) of the German Weather Service (mesh size 2.8 and 7 km) reproduced the general flow structure and the mass fluxes toward the Alps within 86%–144% of the observations.
The effects of organic farming on the soil physical environment

The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of organic farming practices on the development of soil physical properties, and in particular, soil structure in comparison with conventional agricultural management. The soil structure of organically and conventionally managed soils at one site was compared in a quantitative manner at different scales of observations using image analysis. Key soil physical and chemical properties were measured as well as the pore fractal geometry to characterise pore roughness. Organically managed soils had higher organic matter content and provided a more stable soil structure than conventionally managed soils. The higher porosity (%) at the macroscale in soil under conventional management was due to fewer larger pores while mesoand microscale porosity was found to be greater under organic management. Organically managed soils typically provided spatially well distributed pores of all sizes and of greater roughness compared to those under conventional management. These variations in the soil physical environment are likely to impact significantly on the performance of these soils for a number of key processes such as crop establishment and water availability
Implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm with Key Length of 256 Bits for Preventing Data Loss in an Organization

Data and network security is one among the foremost necessary factors in today’s business world. In recent, businesses and firms like financial institutions, law firms, schools, health sectors, telecommunications, mining and a number of government agencies want a strategic security technique of managing its data. Organizations managing bigger monetary information, bio-data and alternative relevant info are losing its valuable information or data at rest, in usage or in motion to unauthorized parties or competitors as a result of activities of hackers. Organizations are losing millions of dollars as a result of unprotected data that gets into the hands of malicious persons. Data protection in an organization has become vital in today’s business. In order to possess secure information, this information should be protected in order that although malicious persons get access to the info, it becomes wealthless and useless to them. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), could be a scientific discipline rule that may be used for secured data and communication in an organization, it uses same key that's isobilateral key for transmission additionally as reception. The AES rule is capable of using cryptographic keys of 128, 192, and 256 bits, this paper implement AES block cipher of 256-bits and 256-bit key size, developed with C# as a front-end client machine and MS SQL used for the database as a back-end machine.
Evaluation of Canvas-Based Online Homework for Engineering

Evaluation of Canvas-Based Online Homework for Engineering Dr. Alan Jones, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis Alan Jones is the Associate Chair and an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis where he has taught since 2005. He received his B.S. from Bradley University and his M.S. and Ph.D. from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. His current interests include multi-functional composites, material modeling, and traditional mechanics.
The Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Characteristics in Glutenite Formation

Hydraulic fracture propagation characteristics in glutenite formation are studied by a series of servo-controlled triaxial large-scale fracturing experiments. The experimental results show that the fractures extend along the gravel and sandstone cementing face, and fracture geometry in glutenite formation is complex, which is similar to network fractures. The phenomenon of the gravel being split has not been observed. In the process of the fracture extension, the extension pressure is fluctuating, and the degree of fluctuation is more drastic with the gravel diameter increase. This paper suggests that using large rate and multislug technology would increase the flow ability of the carrying fluid. The conclusions are significant to hydraulic fracturing in glutenite formation.
Ultrafast thermal melting of laser-excited solids by homogeneous nucleation

Homogeneous nucleation is considered as a mechanism for rapid thermal melting of solids irradiated with ultrashort laser pulses. Based on classical nucleation theory we show that for sufficient superheating of the solid phase the dynamics of melting is mainly determined by the electron-lattice equilibration rather than by nucleation kinetics. Therefore, complete melting of the excited material volume should occur within a few picoseconds. This time scale lies between the longer time scale for heterogeneous, surface-nucleated melting and the shorter time scale for possible nonthermal melting mechanisms.
Biomass burning CCN enhance the dynamics of a mesoscale convective system over the La Plata Basin: a numerical approach

Abstract. High aerosol loadings are discharged into the atmosphere every year by biomass burning in the Amazon and central Brazil during the dry season (July–December). These particles, suspended in the atmosphere, can be carried via a low-level jet toward the La Plata Basin, one of the largest hydrographic basins in the world. Once they reach this region, the aerosols can affect mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), whose frequency is higher during the spring and summer over the basin. The present study is one of the first that seeks to understand the microphysical effects of biomass burning aerosols from the Amazon Basin on mesoscale convective systems over the La Plata Basin. We performed numerical simulations initialized with idealized cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) profiles for an MCS case observed over the La Plata Basin on 21 September 2010. The experiments reveal an important link between CCN number concentration and MCS dynamics, where stronger downdrafts were observed under higher amounts of aerosols, generating more updraft cells in response. Moreover, the simulations show higher amounts of precipitation as the CCN concentration increases. Despite the model's uncertainties and limitations, these results represent an important step toward the understanding of possible impacts on the Amazon biomass burning aerosols over neighboring regions such as the La Plata Basin.
Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenol Profile of Vranac Red Wines from Balkan Region

The objective of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the radical-scavenging properties (measured by evaluating the quenching of the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical) of Serbian, Macedonian and Montenegran red wine Vranac of different geographical origins, and their contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids and polyphenol profile. All tested Vranac wines samples showed a high antioxidant activity ranging from 13.00 to 15.02 mmol/L, while the total polyphenolic content was between 3478.70 and 3935.19 mg/L. The predominant anthocyanin was malvidin-3-glucoside (179.04-281.31 mg/L), predominant flavonol was quercetin-3-glucoronide (5.88-11.78 mg/L), predominant flavan-3-ol was catechin (24.43 - 76.78 mg/L) and predominant hydroxicinnamic acid was t-caftaric acid (13.46-38.56 mg/L). Generally, red wines Vranac produced from Balkan regions are a rich source of phenolics, which the evident antioxidant capacity showed. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 174007 i br. TR31060]
COMPARISON OF DISCRETE AND FULL-WAVEFORM ALS FEATURES FOR DEAD WOOD DETECTION

The amount of dead wood is a significant parameter for the description and assessment of forest habitat quality under the terms of the Habitats directive and Natura 2000 guidelines. EU member states are obliged by the Natura 2000 regulations to report on habitat quality in a regular interval of six years. To fulfil this task, the areas should be surveyed in the field, which requires an enormous amount of workload if done only by conventional field work. In this study the applicability of airborne laser scanning data as the single data source for the detection of downed trees in forest habitats is investigated. A focus is laid on the comparison of point clouds with only discrete (XYZ) and full-waveform (including echo width) information as input data. In our paper we present an automatic workflow which is able to detect downed trees with high completeness for both data sets (77.8% for discrete and 75.6% for full-waveform data). Due to large amount of false positives, the correctness using discrete ALS data is poorer (63.1%) than for full-waveform data (89.9%). It was found that the quality of the result is also influenced by factors such as dimension, state of decay, vegetation density and penetration of the foliage by the laser.
Is ‘Hanging Drop’ a Useful Method to Form Spheroids of Jimt, Mcf-7, T-47d, Bt-474 That are Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that has an extremely complicated structure. Recent studies have shown that breast cancer is common invasive cancer and unfortunately, its prevalence have been rising in women. Therefore, scientists use established cell lines in the laboratory for modelling and finding therapy. Spheroids which is known microtumors, it is well characterized models to mimic the natural environment. There are many devices which have been designed for forming spheroids. In this study, the 96-well hanging drop culture plate was chosen to form spheroids of the breast cancer cell lines JIMT, MCF-7, T-47D, BT474 at density of 2.5 × 104, 5 × 104, 7.5 × 104, 105 cells/well. Cells were imaged daily to check for aggregation and cell proliferation. Spheroid formation occured within 72 hours. The fluorescence microscope examination revealed that the morphological appearance of 3D spheroid was cell line dependent. In this study, more cells were used compare with the protocol that is given from manufacturer. The importance of our work is that spheroids were formed first time at high density. *Corresponding author: Yılmaz Ö, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydın, Turkey, Tel: +905413888115; Fax: +90 256 2146495; E-mail: phdozgylmz@gmail.com Received January 16, 2018; Accepted February 09, 2018; Published February 15, 2018 Citation: Yılmaz Ö, Sakarya S (2018) Is ‘Hanging Drop’ a Useful Method to Form Spheroids of Jimt, Mcf-7, T-47d, Bt-474 That are Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Single Cell Biol 7: 170. doi:10.4172/2168-9431.1000170 Copyright: © 2018 Yılmaz O, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Invariant Hough Random Ferns for Object Detection and Tracking

This paper introduces an invariant Hough random ferns (IHRF) incorporating rotation and scale invariance into the local feature description, random ferns classifier training, and Hough voting stages. It is especially suited for object detection under changes in object appearance and scale, partial occlusions, and pose variations. The efficacy of this approach is validated through experiments on a large set of challenging benchmark datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art conventional methods such as bounding-box-based and part-based methods. Additionally, we also propose an efficient clustering scheme based on the local patches’ appearance and their geometric relations that can provide pixel-accurate, top-down segmentations from IHRF back-projections. This refined segmentation can be used to improve the quality of online object tracking because it avoids the drifting problem. Thus, an online tracking framework based on IHRF, which is trained and updated in each frame to distinguish and segment the object from the background, is established. Finally, the experimental results on both object segmentation and long-term object tracking show that this method yields accurate and robust tracking performance in a variety of complex scenarios, especially in cases of severe occlusions and nonrigid deformations.
Measurement and RANS modelling of large-scale under-expanded CO2 releases for CCS applications

The deployment of a complete carbon-capture and storage chain requires a focus upon the hazards posed by the operation of CO2 pipelines, and the consequences of accidental release must be considered as an integral part of the design process. Presented are results from the application of a shock-capturing numerical scheme to the solution of the Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes fluid-flow equations, coupled with a compressibility-corrected turbulence model, and a novel equation of state for CO2. Comparisons are made with a series of as-yet unreported experimental observations of field-scale, high-pressure CO2 releases. The effects of corrections to the solenoidal turbulence energy dissipation are tested, with conclusions drawn, and recommendations made for future developments.
Acceptance of E-reverse auction use: an empirical comparison of models

This study aims to understand factors affecting e-reverse auction usage in companies by comparing three models: TAM, TPB and an integrative model (integration of TAM and TPB). Using LISREL 8.54, data collected from 156 employees working in the procurement department of companies in 40 different countries were used to test the models. Results indicated that, TPB may be more appropriate than the TAM and integrative model for explaining behavioral intention to use e-reverse auction. Behavioral intention to use is explained- by only attitude towards use in TAM; by subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and attitude towards use in both TPB and the integrated model.
Molecular weight distributions in ideal polymerization reactors: An introductory review

Fil: Meira, Gregorio Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnologico Para la Industria Quimica (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina
Sensory profile of beef burger with reduced sodium content

This study determined the sensory profile of three beef burger samples, namely, CON (control), F25 (25% sodium reduction) and F50 (50% sodium reduction), based on the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The samplesmicrobial, physical and chemical composition was evaluated. Twelve panelists were selected and trained using as criteria the panelistsdiscrimination power, reproducibility and consensus. Eleven terms were generated by the method of network descriptors. The intensity of each descriptor in each sample was evaluated by unstructured scale of 9 cm. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncans mean test and principal component analysis. The sensory profile shows that low sodium beef burgers had lower fat and salty flavor when compared to untreated control and greater flavor and spice aroma. The above proves that reducing sodium intake causes increased perception burger tasters when compared to the presence of spices in the product. Treatment with 50% sodium reduction obtained the best results for texture softness and appearance. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in the chemical composition of ash, protein and fat in all burgers. In the case of general sensory attributes, treatments with sodium reduction obtained higher intensities of the attributes evaluated, except for meat and salt flavors.
Internal and external parasites of camels (Camelusdromedarius) slaughtered at Addis Ababa Abattoir, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was undertakento estimate the prevalence of internal and external parasites of camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir, Ethiopia. A total of 384 of camels originating from Borena and Metehara areas were examined during the study period and all (100%) of them were found to harbor at least two parasite species. In this study,the prevalence of tick, gastrointestinal parasites, Cephalopinatitillator,Hydatid cyst, and Sarcoptesscabiei var. cameliwere 100, 95.6, 68.2, 65 and 35.4%, respectively. The gastrointestinal parasite’s ova/oocyte identified includeStrongylus species, Trichurisspecies, Strongyloidesspecies and coccidiaat prevalence of 78.1, 47.1, 44.5 and 25.3%, respectively. Of the total 1347 pooled samples of tick collected from 40 randomly selected camels.Rhipicephaluspulchelis, Rhipicephalusevertsievertsi, Hyalomma dromedary, Amblyommagemma,Amblyommavariegatum and Boophilusdecolaratuswere identified at a proportion of 53.90, 21.01, 13.66, 7.5, 3.19 and 0.74%, respectively. The average tick burden from half body region of camels was 33.7 ± 6.24 (range 26 to 53). In general, this study indicates that parasites are still the major problems hindering the productivity and health of camels, hence implementation of strategic control measures and further studies are recommended to reduce the effect of parasites on camel health and productivity. Key words: Abattoir, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia, camel,Cephalopinatitillator,gastrointestinal parasite,Hydatid cysts,Sarcoptesscabieivar.cameli,tick.
Weight-loss changes PPAR expression, reduces atherosclerosis and improves cardiovascular function in obese insulin-resistant mice

Weight-loss in obese insulin-resistant, but not in insulin-sensitive, persons reduces CHD risk. It is not known to what extent changes in the adipose gene expression profile are important for reducing CHD risk. We studied the effect of diet restriction-induced weight-loss on gene expression in adipose tissue, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular function in mice with combined leptin and LDL-receptor deficiency. Obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and insulin-resistance are associated with hypertension, impaired left ventricle function and accelerated atherosclerosis in those mice. Diet restriction during 12 weeks caused a 45% weight-loss and changes in the gene expression in adipose tissue of PPARa and PPAR? and of key genes regulating glucose transport and insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation, most of which are under the transcriptional control of PPARs. These changes were associated with increased insulin-sensitivity, decreased hypertriglyceridemia, reduced mean 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate, restored circadian variations of blood pressure and heart rate, increased ejection fraction, and reduced atherosclerosis. Thus, induction of PPARa and PPAR? in adipose tissue is a key mechanism for reducing atherosclerosis and improving cardiovascular function resulting from weight-loss. Our observations point to the critical role of PPARs in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular features of the metabolic syndrome.
Density forecasting of the Dow Jones share index

The distribution of differences in logarithms of the Dow Jones share index is compared to the normal (N), normal mixture (NM) and a weighted sum of a normal and an Assymetric Laplace distribution (NAL). It is found that the NAL fits best. We came to this result by studying samples with high, medium and low volatility, thus circumventing strong heteroscedasticity in the entire series. The NAL distribution also fitted economic growth, thus revealing a new analogy between financial data and real growth.
Establishment and Characterization of Seven Continuous Cell Lines from Freshwater Fish

Abstract Seven continuous cell lines were established from salmonid and nonsalmonid fishes. Salmonid cell lines derived from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and chum salmon O. keta were designated RTE and RTE-2 (rainbow trout embryo), RTT (rainbow trout tail), and SEH (“sake” or chum salmon embryo head). Nonsalmonid cell lines derived from pond smelt Hypomesus olidus, chevron snakehead Channa striata, and goldfish Carassius auratus were designated WF-1 (“wakasagi” fin), SHH (snakehead heart), and EPG (epithelioma papulosum of goldfish), respectively. Optimum growth for most of the cell lines was observed in Eagle's minimum essential medium buffered with sodium bicarbonate (26 mM) or a combination of sodium bicarbonate (8.9 mM) and tris (16 mM). Likewise, most of the cell lines showed optimum growth at the lowest NaCl concentration tested (0.116 M). Optimum growth temperatures ranged from 15 to 20°C for the salmonid cell lines and from 15 to 30°C for nonsalmonid cell lines. Except for RTT, the cell lines.
Genetic Analysis of Stranded and By-Caught Harp Seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) in the Northwest Atlantic

We are currently witnessing significant climate changes in high latitude ecosystems including many areas of the Arctic. Many high latitude species, like harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus), will be affected and their populations forced to adapt to changing habitats. The overall fitness and genetic diversity of the population will affect how quickly a population can adapt. This study used microsatellite markers to determine and compare heterozygosity and fitness between stranded and by-caught harp seals along the east coast of the United States. Our study found there is no significant difference in fitness (d2) between these two groups and that the overall fitness of the population is high. We found that for most markers, stranded seals had a higher mean d2 and that only one marker showed significant differences between the two groups. Both groups had equal heterozygosities, supporting the idea that the seals come from the same population. These results demonstrate that the increasing strandings and entanglements are due to other factors than fitness or genetic diversity. Climate change is playing a large in role in the survival and adaptation of these species. When compared to ice cover data, there is a correlation between years with light ice cover and high strandings. Future studies should investigate this correlation to see if climate is the driving force behind increases in sightings of harp seals within the United States. Harp seals are a useful indicator species for the changing Arctic climate system and it will be important for managers to understand what they can do to conserve the species and resources of the Arctic ecosystem. Introduction We are currently witnessing significant and rapid changes in high latitude ecosystems. Climate variability is affecting sea ice dynamics in sub-Arctic regions of northern and eastern Canada (Johnston et al 2005). Some predictions indicate that circumpolar sea ice cover in the