Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of human papillomavirus in women attending cervical screening in the UK and Ireland: New data from northern Ireland and a systematic review and meta‐analysis

There is substantial international variation in human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence; this study details the first report from Northern Ireland and additionally provides a systematic review and meta‐analysis pooling the prevalence of high‐risk (HR‐HPV) subtypes among women with normal cytology in the UK and Ireland. Between February and December 2009, routine liquid based cytology (LBC) samples were collected for HPV detection (Roche Cobas® 4800 [PCR]) among unselected women attending for cervical cytology testing. Four electronic databases, including MEDLINE, were then searched from their inception till April 2011. A random effects meta‐analysis was used to calculate a pooled HR‐HPV prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). 5,712 women, mean age 39 years (±SD 11.9 years; range 20–64 years), were included in the analysis, of which 5,068 (88.7%), 417 (7.3%) and 72 (1.3%) had normal, low, and high‐grade cytological findings, respectively. Crude HR‐HPV prevalence was 13.2% (95% CI, 12.7–13.7) among women with normal cytology and increased with cytological grade. In meta‐analysis the pooled HR‐HPV prevalence among those with normal cytology was 0.12 (95% CIs, 0.10–0.14; 21 studies) with the highest prevalence in younger women. HPV 16 and HPV 18 specific estimates were 0.03 (95% CI, 0.02–0.05) and 0.01 (95% CI, 0.01–0.02), respectively. The findings of this Northern Ireland study and meta‐analysis verify the prevalent nature of HPV infection among younger women. Reporting of the type‐specific prevalence of HPV infection is relevant for evaluating the impact of future HPV immunization initiatives, particularly against HR‐HPV types other than HPV 16 and 18. J. Med. Virol. 85:295–308, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deformable meshes for medical image segmentation: accurate automatic segmentation of anatomical structures

Segmentation of anatomical structures in medical image data is an essential task in clinical practice. Dagmar Kainmueller introduces methods for accurate fully automatic segmentation of anatomical structures in 3D medical image data. The authors core methodological contribution is a novel deformation model that overcomes limitations of state-of-the-art Deformable Surface approaches, hence allowing for accurate segmentation of tip- and ridge-shaped features of anatomical structures. As for practical contributions, she proposes application-specific segmentation pipelines for a range of anatomical structures, together with thorough evaluations of segmentation accuracy on clinical image data. As compared to related work, these fully automatic pipelines allow for highly accurate segmentation of benchmark image data.
ITERATIVE RE-WEIGHTED INSTANCE TRANSFER FOR DOMAIN ADAPTATION

Abstract. Domain adaptation techniques in transfer learning try to reduce the amount of training data required for classification by adapting a classifier trained on samples from a source domain to a new data set (target domain) where the features may have different distributions. In this paper, we propose a new technique for domain adaptation based on logistic regression. Starting with a classifier trained on training data from the source domain, we iteratively include target domain samples for which class labels have been obtained from the current state of the classifier, while at the same time removing source domain samples. In each iteration the classifier is re-trained, so that the decision boundaries are slowly transferred to the distribution of the target features. To make the transfer procedure more robust we introduce weights as a function of distance from the decision boundary and a new way of regularisation. Our methodology is evaluated using a benchmark data set consisting of aerial images and digital surface models. The experimental results show that in the majority of cases our domain adaptation approach can lead to an improvement of the classification accuracy without additional training data, but also indicate remaining problems if the difference in the feature distributions becomes too large.
Feature Topic: Clinical Experience With Stents Preprocedure Warfarinization and Brachial Approach for Elective Coronary Stent Placement-A Possible Strategy to Decrease Cost and Duration of Hospitalization

intracoronary stentlng, while potentially beneficial to treat abrupt closure and to prevent restenosis after angioplasty, requires intermediate-term warfarinization to prevent stent thrombosis. Hospitalization is often prolonged because of the need to establish anticoagulation. Hospital charges have been reported to be considerably higher wlth stenting than with balloon angiopiasty alone, although the long-term cost ramifications remain uncertain due to the fact that stenting may limit restenosis. We describe a technique wherein stent placement is performed while the patient is already partially anticoagulated, which may decrease costs associated with stenting. INRODUCTION Dotter introduced the concept of maintaining vascular patency by endovascular stenting in 1969 [ 11. Inadequate design of early prototypes was responsible for the delay in the clinical application of intracoronary stents. Recent improvements in design concurrent with increased need for devices that could maintain vessel patency in the event of abrupt closure and could offer possible solution to restenosis after balloon angioplasty have led to extensive clinical evaluation of coronary stents. The thrombogenic nature of currently available stents led to complex and aggressive anticoagulation protocols [2,3]. The need for aggressive anticoagulation has been, in large part, responsible for reported rates of bleeding requiring transfusion or vascular repair of 9-18% [3-51 and prolonged hospitalization and increased cost compared to patients treated with angioplasty alone [6]. In this case report we describe a novel approach to stent placement using the brachial approach in a patient who had elective ambulatory anticoagulation with warfarin for 4 days prior to admission for the procedure. The aim of this approach was to attempt to decrease the complication rate and duration of hospital stay in patients requiring elective stent implantation.
Safety profile of prasugrel and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes in Switzerland

Objective To assess safety up to 1 year of follow-up associated with prasugrel and clopidogrel use in a prospective cohort of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods Between 2009 and 2012, 2286 patients invasively managed for ACS were enrolled in the multicentre Swiss ACS Bleeding Cohort, among whom 2148 patients received either prasugrel or clopidogrel according to current guidelines. Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) preferentially received prasugrel, while those with non-STEMI, a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack, age ≥75 years, or weight <60 kg received clopidogrel or reduced dose of prasugrel to comply with the prasugrel label. Results After adjustment using propensity scores, the primary end point of clinically relevant bleeding events (defined as the composite of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium, BARC, type 3, 4 or 5 bleeding) at 1 year, occurred at a similar rate in both patient groups (prasugrel/clopidogrel: 3.8%/5.5%). Stratified analyses in subgroups including patients with STEMI yielded a similar safety profile. After adjusting for baseline variables, no relevant differences in major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were observed at 1 year (prasugrel/clopidogrel: cardiac death 2.6%/4.2%, myocardial infarction 2.7%/3.8%, revascularisation 5.9%/6.7%, stroke 1.0%/1.6%). Of note, this study was not designed to compare efficacy between prasugrel and clopidogrel. Conclusions In this large prospective ACS cohort, patients treated with prasugrel according to current guidelines (ie, in patients without cerebrovascular disease, old age or underweight) had a similar safety profile compared with patients treated with clopidogrel. Clinical trial registration number SPUM-ACS: NCT01000701; COMFORTABLE AMI: NCT00962416.
The effects of diurnal Ramadan fasting on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in healthy men

Abstract The study aimed to examine the effects of diurnal Ramadan fasting (RF) on substrate oxidation, energy production, blood lipids and glucose as well as body composition. Nine healthy Muslim men (fasting (FAST) group) and eight healthy non-practicing men (control (CNT) group) were assessed pre- and post-RF. FAST were additionally assessed at days 10, 20 and 30 of RF in the morning and evening. Body composition was determined by hydrodensitometry, substrate oxidation and energy production by indirect calorimetry, blood metabolic profile by biochemical analyses and energy balance by activity tracker recordings and food log analyses. A significant group×time interaction revealed that chronic RF reduced body mass and adiposity in FAST, without changing lean mass, whereas CNT subjects remained unchanged. In parallel to these findings, a significant main diurnal effect (morning v. evening) of RF on substrate oxidation (a shift towards lipid oxidation) and blood metabolic profile (a decrease in glucose and an increase in total cholesterol and TAG levels, respectively) was observed, which did not vary over the course of the Ramadan. In conclusion, although RF induces diurnal metabolic adjustments (morning v. evening), no carryover effect was observed throughout RF despite the extended daily fasting period (18·0 (sd 0·3) h) and changes in body composition.
ON THE NATURE OF SEMANTIC SIMILARITY AND ITS MEASURING WITH DISTRIBUTIONAL SEMANTICS MODELS

The paper describes our application of the distributional semantic model (DSM) method that we developed for The First International Workshop on Russian Semantic Similarity Evaluation (RUSSE) shared relatedness task. The model was trained, for the most part, on the data of the Russian National Corpus main subcorpus (around 200 mln tokens), and the resulting vector space was weighted according to “ppmi” (Positive Point-wise Mutual Information) and “plmi” (Positive Local Mutual Information) weighting schemes. The results of the workshop show that classical distributional semantic models trained on relatively small corpora can provide data of high quality.
An innovated 500V UHV ESD self-protection device structure

This paper presents an innovative 500V LDMOS device is constructed by SCR structure, a thin oxide and poly resistor. This structure can improve the self-protection capability of LDMOS for Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), because this structure can distribute current from the drain to the poly resistor, so the transistor effect occurs earlier. After sequential ESD zapping applied on this device, lattice temperature does not exceed 973K. It can pass 8-kV Human Body Model (HBM) Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) test.
Consciousness in second language learning: Psychological perspectives on the role of conscious processes in vocabulary acquisition.

This article reviews research related to conscious and unconscious processes in L2 and LI vocabulary acquisition. Firstly it presents a summary conceptual analysis of the different aspects of vocabulary acquisition. After demonstrating that most vocabulary acquisition typically comes as a result of incidental learning, it next considers three research areas: (i) the associations between vocabulary and academic intelligence, (ii) implicit memory, (iii) global amnesia. These diverse areas all reveal a dissociation whereby the recognition and production aspects of vocabulary learning rely on implicit learning, but meaning and mediational aspects of vocabulary heavily involve explicit, conscious learning processes. The operations of the input and output (I/O) lexical modules are briefly described, followed by an analysis of the explicit cognitive systems for mediation with semantics and conceptual systems. Finally the pedagogic implications of these findings are outlined.
Chicken antibodies: a tool to avoid interference by human anti-mouse antibodies in ELISA after in vivo treatment with murine monoclonal antibodies.

Human anti-murine antibodies (HAMA) can be found in serum of many patients who have received murine monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis or therapy. These antibodies are known to give false positive results in sandwich-type assays (e.g. ELISA or RIA). This interference problem will increase in the future as more patients are treated with murine monoclonal antibodies in vivo. HAMA can also be found in sera from patients that has not been treated with monoclonal antibodies. In this work we have studied the interference of HAMA in sandwich ELISAs containing antibodies from different species. HAMA, present in the sample, may react both with the capture antibody and the detection antibody in these assays to give a false positive reaction. HAMA did not react with chicken IgG, and if one of (or both) the capture and detection antibody was of avian origin, the interference of HAMA in sandwich assays could be avoided.
On Hilbert-Huang Transform Based Synthesis of a Signal Contaminated by Radio Frequency Interference or Fringes

Norden E. Huang et al. had proposed and published the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) concept correspondently in 1996, 1998. The HHT is a novel method for adaptive spectral analysis of non-linear and non-stationary signals. The HHT comprises two components: - the Huang Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), resulting in an adaptive data-derived basis of Intrinsic Mode functions (IMFs), and the Hilbert Spectral Analysis (HSA1) based on the Hilbert Transform for 1-dimension (1D) applied to the EMD IMF's outcome. Although paper describes the HHT concept in great depth, it does not contain all needed methodology to implement the HHT computer code. In 2004, Semion Kizhner and Karin Blank implemented the reference digital HHT real-time data processing system for 1D (HHT-DPS Version 1.4). The case for 2-Dimension (2D) (HHT2) proved to be difficult due to the computational complexity of EMD for 2D (EMD2) and absence of a suitable Hilbert Transform for 2D spectral analysis (HSA2). The real-time EMD2 and HSA2 comprise the real-time HHT2. Kizhner completed the real-time EMD2 and the HSA2 reference digital implementations respectively in 2013 & 2014. Still, the HHT2 outcome synthesis remains an active research area. This paper presents the initial concepts and preliminary results of HHT2-based synthesis and its application to processing of signals contaminated by Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI), as well as optical systems' fringe detection and mitigation at design stage. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP mission (SMAP) carries a radiometer instrument that measures Earth soil moisture at L1 frequency (1.4 GHz polarimetric - H, V, 3rd and 4th Stokes parameters). There is abundant RFI at L1 and because soil moisture is a strategic parameter, it is important to be able to recover the RFI-contaminated measurement samples (15% of telemetry). State-of-the-art only allows RFI detection and removes RFI-contaminated measurements. The HHT-based analysis and synthesis facilitates recovery of measurements contaminated by all kinds of RFI, including jamming [7-8]. The fringes are inherent in optical systems and multi-layer complex contour expensive coatings are employed to remove the unwanted fringes. HHT2-based analysis allows test image decomposition to analyze and detect fringes, and HHT2-based synthesis of useful image.
Extended MTPA with cross coupling inductances for electrically excited synchronous motors

Electrically excited synchronous motors (EESM) are designed to have high power density for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Thus, severe nonlinearity is observed during high torque operation. The nonlinearity associated with core saturation is modeled by incorporating the cross coupling inductances which also behave nonlinearly. The analytic torque equation with the cross coupling inductances yielded good results that matched well with FEM data and experimental data. Further, an extended maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) method was proposed for the EESM model with cross coupling inductances.
Distribution of progestogenic proanthocyanidins within the inflorescence of Cocos nucifera L.

In Sri Lanka, the immature inflorescence of Cocos nucifera L. is used by Ayurvedic and traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of menorrhagia. We have previously reported that the inflorescence of Cocos nucifera L. predominantly contains proanthocyanidins. In addition, the progestogenic activity of ethyl acetate soluble proanthocyanidins of Cocos nucifera L. inflorescence has also been reported in relation to its ethnomedical usage. Cocos nucifera L. inflorescences at different maturity stages were used to determine the variation of the yield of ethyl acetate soluble proanthocyanidins (EASPA) and aqueous soluble proanthocyanidins (AQSPA) with maturity. In addition, variation of proanthocyanidin content of the inflorescence along the length of the inflorescence at different maturity stages and proanthocyanidin content of different floral parts of the inflorescence were determined by the acid butanol assay. The percentage yield of crude EASPA decreases, whereas percentage yield of crude AQSPA increases, with increasing maturity of the inflorescence. In all stages of development, the middle section of the inflorescence contained the highest level of proanthocyanidins. The female flower has higher proanthocyanidin content than any other floral part of the inflorescence. The current Ayurvedic and traditional medical practice of using the total immature inflorescence just prior to opening appears to optimize the procedure for obtaining an adequate concentration of EASPA (which has been shown to contain progestogenic activity) for therapeutic purposes. Thus, our studies do not indicate the need to change the current Ayurvedic and traditional medical practice of the use of total immature inflorescence just prior to opening for the treatment of menorrhagia.
Analysis of mRNA decay and rRNA processing in Escherichia coli in the absence of RNase E‐based degradosome assembly

We demonstrate here that the assembly of the RNase E‐based degradosome of Escherichia coli is not required for normal mRNA decay in vivo. In contrast, deletion of the arginine‐rich RNA binding site (ARRBS) from the RNase E protein slightly impairs mRNA decay. When both the degradosome scaffold region and the ARRBS are missing, mRNA decay is dramatically slowed, but 9S rRNA processing is almost normal. An extensive RNase E truncation mutation (rneδ610) had a more pronounced mRNA decay defect at 37°C than the temperature‐sensitive rne‐1 allele at 44°C. Taken together, these data suggest that the inviability associated with inactivation of RNase E is not related to defects in either mRNA decay or rRNA processing.
Pinpoint chemical modification of Asp160 in the 49 kDa subunit of bovine mitochondrial complex I via a combination of ligand-directed tosyl chemistry and click chemistry.

Through a ligand-directed tosyl (LDT) chemistry strategy using the synthetic acetogenin ligand AL1, we succeeded in the pinpoint alkynylation (-C≡CH) of Asp160 in the 49 kDa subunit of bovine complex I, which may be located in the inner part of the putative quinone binding cavity of the enzyme [Masuya, T. , et al. (2014) Biochemistry, 53, 2307-2317]. This study provided a promising technique for diverse chemical modifications of complex I. To further improve this technique for its adaptation to intact complex I, we here synthesized the new acetogenin ligand AL2, possessing an azido (-N₃) group in place of the terminal alkyne in AL1, and attempted the pinpoint azidation of complex I in bovine heart submitochondrial particles. Careful proteomic analyses revealed that, just as in the case of AL1, azidation occurred at 49 kDa Asp160 with a reaction yield of ∼50%, verifying the high site specificity of our LDT chemistry using acetogenin ligands. This finding prompted us to speculate that a reactivity of the azido group incorporated into Asp160 (Asp160-N₃) against externally added chemicals can be employed to characterize the structural features of the quinone/inhibitor binding cavity. Consequently, we used a ring-strained cycloalkyne possessing a rhodamine fluorophore (TAMRA-DIBO), which can covalently attach to an azido group via so-called click chemistry without Cu¹⁺ catalysis, as the reaction partner of Asp160-N₃. We found that bulky TAMRA-DIBO is capable of reacting directly with Asp160-N₃ in intact complex I. Unexpectedly, the presence of an excess amount of short-chain ubiquinones as well as some strong inhibitors (e.g., quinazoline and fenpyroximate) did not interfere with the reaction between TAMRA-DIBO and Asp160-N₃; nevertheless, bullatacin, a member of the natural acetogenins, markedly interfered with this reaction. Taking the marked bulkiness of TAMRA-DIBO into consideration, it appears to be difficult to reconcile these results with the proposal that only a narrow entry point accessing to the quinone/inhibitor binding cavity exists in complex I [Baradaran, R. , et al. (2013) Nature, 494, 443-448]; rather, they suggest that there may be another access path for TAMRA-DIBO to the cavity.
Soft-decision feedback equalizer for continuous phase modulated signals in wideband mobile radio channels

A combination of a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and a Viterbi processor for the equalization of continuous phase modulated (CPM) signals transmitted over wideband mobile radio channels is described. The equalizer structure allows soft-decision to be made and incorrect decisions to be changed in the feedback filter of the DFE. The provision of soft decisions significantly alleviates the catastrophic effect of error propagation due to error bursts caused by the fading channel. Simulation results show that the proposed equalizer approaches the performance of the more complicated maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) detector to within 2.0 dB and 2.5 dB at bit error rates (BERs) of 10/sup -2/ and 10/sup -3/ in a two-path Rayleigh fading channel while the complexity is reduced to half of that of the MLSE detector. >
Binding studies of a monoclonal antibody specific for 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid with a panel of Klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharides representing all of the O serotypes

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised against Salmonella minnesota R595 and specific for alpha-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (alpha-Kdo) of the inner core was tested for binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The MAb was tested in several assay systems (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, passive hemolysis, and inhibition of passive hemolysis) with a large panel (n = 23) of K. pneumoniae LPS representing all nine currently known O serotypes. MAb 20 showed reactivity with almost all O serotypes of K. pneumoniae LPS, and this reactivity could be inhibited by synthetic Kdo. This suggests an epitope in the cores of these Klebsiella LPS much like that in the inner core of LPS of S. minnesota. Large differences in reactivity between LPS of different strains belonging to the same O serotype were observed. After sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of LPS followed by immunoblotting, reactivity of MAb 20 was observed only with the fast-moving fraction possibly representing the nonsubstituted core. No binding was seen with the high-molecular-weight fraction that contained core material substituted with several units of O-antigen building blocks. The chemical basis for these differences in reactivity remains to be established. As far as we know, this is the first report containing comprehensive immunochemical data on the LPS core of K. pneumoniae.