Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation Analysis of Nodes Identifies Real Communities in Networks

A significant problem in analysis of complex network is to reveal community structure, in which network nodes are tightly connected in the same communities, between which there are sparse connections. Previous algorithms for community detection in real-world networks have the shortcomings of high complexity or requiring for prior information such as the number or sizes of communities or are unable to obtain the same resulting partition in multiple runs. In this paper, we proposed a simple and effective algorithm that uses the correlation of nodes alone, which requires neither optimization of predefined objective function nor information about the number or sizes of communities. We test our algorithm on real-world and synthetic graphs whose community structure is already known and observe that the proposed algorithm detects this known structure with high applicability and reliability. We also apply the algorithm to some networks whose community structure is unknown and find that it detects deterministic and informative community partitions in these cases.
Local heating effects on flow and heat transfer in microchannels

A series of numerical investigations was conducted to explore the effects of temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity on two-dimensional low Reynolds number convection of water in microchannels with locally heating. An emphasis was addressed on the fundamental characteristics of flow and thermal re-development at different localized heat fluxes and different inlet temperatures. The velocity field is highly coupled with temperature distribution and distorted through the variations of viscosity and thermal conductivity. The induced cross-flow velocity has a marked contribution to the convection. The heat transfer enhancement due to viscosity-variation is pronounced, though the axial convection introduced by thermal-conductivity-variation is insignificant unless for the cases of very low Reynolds numbers. The heat transfer enhancement is described by defining the peak value and location of relative Nusselt number distribution as ΔNu%max and Xmax. Strong nonlinear interaction mechanism prevails in the correlation of ΔNu%max and Xmax due to high heat flux condition and dramatic rise of liquid temperature.
2D markovian models for document structure analysis

This paper deals with complex document image segmentation and structure analysis. We propose an approach based on image labeling using contextual markovian models. Two models are presented and compared in this paper: a 2D markov random field model and a 2D conditional random field. The first one is a generative model as the latter is a discriminative one. Both take the advantage of machine learning procedures. The availability of these models is illustrated on a segmentation task consisting of detecting regions of interest in complex authorial manuscripts of the French writer Gustave Flaubert.
Gypsum Scale Inhibition on Process Equipment Surfaces: A Review

The aim of the paper is to quantify and to compare the antiscalant effect of several additives on gypsum precipitation by measuring the retard on the induction period for nucleation. Through a well-assessed laser light scattering technique previously devised, the induction times are measured, and then used to estimate thermodynamic parameters such as the activation energy for nucleation, in a calcium sulfate supersaturated solution with the addition of NTMP, PBTC and citric acid. Experiments are carried out at a fixed additive concentration level (equal to 0.05 g/L), with the temperature varying in the range 15 – 35 °C. A comparison among different additives allows to define which is the most active in retarding gypsum scale formation.
PMSVM: An Optimized Support Vector Machine Classification Algorithm Based on PCA and Multilevel Grid Search Methods

We propose an optimized Support Vector Machine classifier, named PMSVM, in which System Normalization, PCA, and Multilevel Grid Search methods are comprehensively considered for data preprocessing and parameters optimization, respectively. The main goals of this study are to improve the classification efficiency and accuracy of SVM. Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision, and ROC curve, and so forth, are adopted to appraise the performances of PMSVM. Experimental results show that PMSVM has relatively better accuracy and remarkable higher efficiency compared with traditional SVM algorithms.
A comparative study of marriage in honey bees optimisation (MBO) algorithm in multi-reservoir system optimisation

Contemporary reservoir systems often require operators to meet a variety of goals and objectives; these in turn frequently complicate water management decision-making. In addition, many reservoir objectives have non-linear relationships and are therefore difficult to implement using traditional optimisation techniques. A practical application of the marriage in honey bees optimisation (MBO) algorithm is being utilised for Karkheh multi-reservoir system, south-western Iran, where supplying irrigation water for agricultural areas and maintaining a minimum in-stream flow for environmental purposes is desired. Optimal monthly reservoir release information by MBO is highlighted and the results compared to those of other evolutionary algorithms, such as the genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimisation for continuous domains (ACO R), particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and elitist-mutation particle swarm optimisation (EMPSO). The results indicate the superiority of MBO over the algorithms tested.
Stock market price indices modelling by a small scale Bayesian VAR: the case of British FTSE and German DAX index

This article examines the behaviour and responses of stock market indices to various macroeconomic determinants by using small s c e Bayesian VAR model. Our objective is to investigate the extent to which various macroeconomic shocks contribute to changes in stock market condit i s. We focus on the German DAX 30 index and British FTSE 100 indices which serve as indicators for the development of the German and British econo my as well as an illustration to evaluate the performance of the model. We h ave confirmed the general view that BVAR model outperforms a standard VAR mod el when the forecasting accuracy improved from 5% to 12%. We have also conf irmed that any increase in risk-premium negatively influences stock markets in both case studies. However, the structure of the economies and capital also mak es a difference, as found from different market reactions to supply shock.
In vitro vegetative growth and flowering of olive tree in response to GA3 treatment

The phytohormone gibberellin is involved in the regulation of many physiological process including flower induction and shoot growth. In this study, gibberellic acid (GA3) was used in order to induce the reversion of olive tree vegetative buds towards a floral ones in vitro. For this, six varieties (Marsaline, Chemchali, Picholine, Chemlali, Zalmati and Oueslati ) was tested and explants, consisting of a single node segments, were grown in media containing three concentrations of GA3 (1, 2 and 10 mg/l). Results show that Marsaline seems to be the most able variety in regenerating floral structures. For this variety, 5 cases of reversion were observed mainly on the medium containing 10 mg/l GA3. This same medium was also favorable for this transformation for the other varieties (3 cases on Picholine, one each on Chemchali , Zalmati and Oueslati). The examination of the histological sections confirmed this transformation. In addition, this experiment showed that GA3 can be at the origin of an interesting growth rate of vegetative buds, which elongation depend on variety as well as GA3 concentration.
Interactive comment on “How does ocean ventilation change under global warming?” by A. Gnanadesikan et al

This manuscript is very interesting, and proposes to study the evolution of ocean ventilation when the climatic change is forced by increasing atmospheric C02 concentration. This subject is of great importance, as oceanic circulation plays a major role for the uptake of anthropogenic carbon and regulates the oceanic heat transfer. The paper shows results from coupled GCM simulations that are highly relevant for the subject. However, I’ve found that many scientific points or discussions are not investigated thoroughly. I recommend publication after major changes that may improve the coherence of the manuscript.
Synthesis and In-vivo Anticancer Screening of 2-{(Bis-(2-Chloroethyl) Amino) Methyl} - 6, 8-Dinitro-1- (4-Substituted Ethyl)-1h-quinazolin-4-One Derivatives

3 Abstract: Synthesis of six 2-{(Bis-(2-chloroethyl) amino) methyl}-6, 8-dinitro-1-(4-substituted ethyl)- 1H-quinazolin-4-one derivatives were carried out. The compounds contain nitro groups at position 6 and 8 position of quinazolinone moiety and a phenyl group at position 1. All the six compounds were incorporated with nitrogen mustard moiety. The synthesized compounds were screened for their anticancerous activity by short-term in-vitro antitumor activity and in-vivo anticancer activity by body weight analysis, mean survival time and percentage increase in life span methods in Swiss albino mice bearing DLA 1x10 cells/ml. 6
Fate of African Cassava Mosaic Virus Coat Protein Deletion Mutants after Agroinoculation

Summary We have investigated the behaviour of coat protein deletion mutants of the geminivirus African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) when introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana by agroinoculation. In dividing callus tissue, replicating mutant DNA A, in the absence of DNA B, remained subgenomic in size. However, systemic infection of plants was associated with the rapid reversion of the deletion mutants to native component size, as happened when the mutants were introduced into the host by more conventional mechanical inoculation procedures. The results contrast with those reported for tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) for which similar mutants, agroinoculated into N. benthamiana, remained subgenomic. The results indicate that the inoculation route is not responsible for the different behaviour of ACMV and TGMV mutants and illustrate a significant difference between the interaction of these otherwise closely related geminiviruses with a common host that might be exploited for the investigation of the determinants of DNA replication and spread.
Expert opinion in statistical models

The incorporation of expert knowledge in ecological models is gaining prominence in ecology as it provides a quick and inexpensive alternative to experimental data and in situations where both data and expert opinion have been obtained, expert opinion can help to moderate the experimental data, offering insights into the problem that could have otherwise gone unnoticed. The use of expert knowledge usually arises in one of two forms: (1) knowledge regarding the model structure for understanding the system process; and, (2) prior information concerning the parameters of the model which may arise from an elicitation process involving one or more experts. More effort is generally expended on the latter than the former, particularly for statistical models where the nature of any data that has been collected usually dictates the form of the model. In most cases, however, data collection designs are guided by a conceptual model, hence data-dictated statistical models are not necessarily immune from the effects of model structure error. Few studies attempt to address both structural and parametric issues in their models. Expert opinion influences all stages of model conception, construction and parameterisation. Expert opinion is prone to a range of cognitive limitations but the effects of this are not always obvious. Careless use of experts during these modelling phases can result in inaccurate predictions stemming from a biased or inaccurate perception of what one or more experts believe to be the truth. Issues such as overconfidence, representativeness, translation and linguistic uncertainty can lead experts to provide false or misleading opinions. We argue that this usually occurs not because the expert intends to provide a false or misleading response but because insufficient care has been taken to avoid these issues during the elicitation process. Misunderstandings in the question being asked and the interpretation of what is fed back to the expert can result in an expert providing an inaccurate view of real world processes. Furthermore, in many situations it is not immediately clear whether an expert’s interval around an estimate reflects their knowledge of the parameter’s true variability or simply the expert’s ignorance of its value. Through three real examples, we investigate the effects of different elicitation procedures and highlight issues that lead to a biased response from the expert/s. These examples highlight the need to: • conduct the elicitation process in a non-threatening manner so that experts feel comfortable when responding to questions;
Kenya Quaker Secondary School Peace Curriculum Pilot Project: Examining the Role of the Principal in the Successes and Challenges of the Implementation

This qualitative study examined the implementation of a peace curriculum for Kenyan Quaker secondary schools. Fourteen schools were selected for this study 1 year after school leaders attended specific training sessions. On site visits were made to 12 of the 14 schools selected for this study, and interviews conducted with the remaining principals. Schools were ranked on their level of implementation at low, medium, or high. Results indicated that 12 of the 14 schools implemented the curriculum at a medium or high level. Additional findings note the leadership of the principal was key in the overall peace curriculum implementation and addresses successes and challenges of implementing a new initiative in these schools.
A Relationship Between Income Smoothing Practices And Firms Value In Iran

This paper examines the relationship between income smoothing practices and firms value in Iran. This research also studies the effect of the firms’ size on the tendency to smooth income. The sample comprises 200 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange within the period of 1999-2005. The "coefficient of variation method" introduced by Eckel (1981) has been modified to determine income smoothing practices. The result indicates that income smoothing practices is was present although its percentage is low. The univariate test has found that smaller firms have greater tendency to smooth income rather than larger firms. Then, an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was conducted on a modified income statement model. The heteroscedasticity problem detected by a diagnostic test was encountered by (1) deflating the variable by total sales and (2) using White's heteroscedasticity-adjusted standard errors. The consistent results obtained signify that the valuation of firms concerns more on the magnitude of earnings
A Simple Analytical Method to Calculate Bending Loss in Dielectric Rectangular Waveguides

─ We present a simple analytical method to compute attenuation in bent dielectric rectangular waveguides. An approximate formulation for the attenuation constant is first derived by determining the ratio of average power loss per unit length to the average power propagating along the waveguide. Since the waveguide has been simplified into a slab in the process of derivation, losses at the four edges of the structure have been neglected. To account for these losses, the perturbation theory has been employed. The total loss is found to agree closely with that obtained via the Finite Element Method (FEM). Unlike the FEM which requires considerable computational time and power to solve, we demonstrate that the analytical method proposed here can easily be applied and it gives sufficiently accurate result. Index Terms ─ Analytical method, attenuation constant, bending loss, perturbation theory, propagation constant, rectangular waveguides.
College Students’ Attitudes toward Older Workers

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Tripartite View of Ageism . 2 Stereotypes About Older Workers . 6 College Students’ Attitudes . 13 Aging Anxiety . 16 Explicit and Implicit Attitudes . 20 Present Study. 21 Hypothesis 1 . 22 Hypothesis 2 . 22 Hypothesis 3 . 23 Research Question . 23 CHAPTER TWO: METHODS Participants . 24 Procedure . 24 Measures . 25 Fabroni Scale of Ageism . 25 Implicit Attitude Scale . 26 Emotions Scale . 28 Behavioral Tendencies Scale . 28 Social Desirability . 28
Survey on Quality of Service Recommendation

: Tremendous popularity of the ecommerce applications increased now days. Numerous amounts of reviews and ratings are available on the sites. Such as comments, reviews description of the local service. This type of information is valuable for the new user who judges the product online to make their decision. Sometimes this information may be having problem to recommend user about product recommendation because of the lack of reviews and rating of particular product. If any product has two rating one 5 and other is 2 they only have two ratings. So while recommending this product just finds average of ratings and show to user. This not provides quality of service of the recommendation. This is not enough to extract public opinions. To provide quality of service to the recommendation have to improve overall evaluation of rating. Find the trust of the user service rating and feature. Extract the overall rating and trust of service by combining the service rating to providing quality of service.
Echelle spectroscopy of H$\mathsf{_2}$ in the HH 111 jet

Near-Infrared echelle spectra of the Herbig-Haro knots F{P in the western lobe of the HH 111 outflow are presented. 10 adjacent, parallel slit positions were observed so that the kinematics could be mapped across the width of the flow. We nd broad (FWZI 100 km s 1 ), two-component H2 proles in the knots nearest the source; the proles converge to a single, intermediate-velocity peak (VLSR 50 km s 1 )a t knot P. The kinematic signature of the HH 111 jet in H2 is very similar to that seen at optical wavelengths (from both radial and tangential velocity meaurements). In conjunction with published proper-motion (knot/shock pattern speed) measurements, we interpret the data in terms of a simple geometrical bow shock model. The model infers a high pre-shock velocity, of the order of 200{250 km s 1 ,w ith H 2 excitation in the extended bow wings in knots L, H and F, though exclusively near the bow head in knot P, with probably C-type shock excitation throughout.
Realization of Polarization Control in High-Order Harmonic Generation

The nature of high-order harmonic generation process limits the harmonics emission to linear polarization. In this paper, we review the recent progress to generate elliptically or circularly polarized high-harmonic EUV pulses. We further demonstrate how complete control of polarization state of isolated high-harmonic pulse can be realized today by noncollinear focusing of two driving pulses with identical ellipticity but counter-rotating helicity. This paper opens a path towards the study of the fastest dynamics-–down to attosecond time scales–-in circular dichroism of magnetic materials, chiral molecules, and electronic spin motion.
EMC modeling of Integrated Circuits using IC-EMC

The freeware IC-EMC is a windows-based software demonstrator which aims at simulating parasitic emission and susceptibility of integrated circuits. The demonstration proposed at EMC Compo 2015 illustrates the main features of the tool and recent IC case studies analyzed with IC-EMC, including a DSPIC processor, a Package-on-Package, and a Ethernet transceiver.
Towards the use of Electrostatic Force Microscopy to study interphases in nanodielectric materials

Les interphases sont souvent considerees comme responsables des proprietes physiques des nanodielectriques inexplicables par les lois de melange. La prediction de la permittivite dielectrique des nanodielectriques necessite de reconsiderer la permittivite intrinseque et le volume de l'interphase. Malgre le besoin d'une caracterisation locale de ces regions interfaciales nanometriques, aucune methode experimentale fiable n'a encore ete developpee. La Microscopie a Force Electrostatique (EFM) constitue une technique prometteuse pour atteindre ce but. L'objectif de cette these est de developper des protocoles experimentaux et des methodes d’interpretations du signal appropries pour evaluer l’aptitude de l’EFM a l'etude des interphases dans les nanodielectriques. Nous avons eu recours d’abord a des simulations numeriques par elements-finis pour approfondir notre comprehension de l'interaction entre une sonde EFM et plusieurs types d'echantillons nanostructures, permettant par la suite de simuler la reponse specifique face a un nanocomposite possedant une interphase. Nous avons propose un modele electrostatique de nanodielectrique possedant trois phases, selon lequel, nous avons concu et synthetise des echantillons modeles aux proprietes connues afin de jouer le role de materiaux nanodielectriques de reference pour les mesures EFM. Par consequent, nous avons pu developper plusieurs protocoles experimentaux et d’analyses du signal utilisant des modes DC et AC de detection du gradient de force pour caracteriser les interphases dans des nanocomposites. Ces techniques constituent un ensemble polyvalent de methodes d’etude des interphases avec un impact reduit des effets parasites communement convolues dans les signaux EFM. Enfin, une quantification de la permittivite de l'interphase de nos echantillons modeles a ete possible par correlation avec nos simulations numeriques.
INTERVIEW GUIDELINES FOR ANALYZING SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICES IN AGILE PROJECTS

During the development of complex systems using an agile development process there is an unavoidable friction between providing “not enough” and “too much” of a software architectural knowledge while agile development is proceeding. Excessive architecture gives the appearance of “slowing down” development in order to address architectural quality attributes that may not be immediately relevant. On the other hand, ignoring architectural quality attributes is risky. In this paper we describe an interview process and detailed guidelines to aid in collecting data for this research.
Robust Multi-objective Optimization and Decision for Signal Timing at Single Intersection

For the purpose of improving the efficiency of traffic signal control with cycle perturbation for single intersections, a robust multi-objective optimization and decision method (RMODM) is proposed. Firstly, this paper presents a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II based on the degree of robustness (DR-NSGA-II) to obtain signal timing alternatives. Then, the Minimum deviation Analysis for Subjective and Objective Information (MDASOI) method is proposed to make signal timing decision. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has preferable control effects. Keywords—multi-objective optimization, robust, decisionmaking, traffic signal control
Drought affects size, nutritional quality, antioxidant activities and phenolic acids pattern of Moringa oleifera Lam

1Department of Forestry and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 2Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico 3Department of Chemistry, University of Central Punjab, Multan Campus, Multan, Pakistan 4Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan 5Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 6Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan