Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Horizon states and the sign of their index in ${\cal N}=4$ dyons

Classical single centered solutions of $1/4$ BPS dyons in ${\cal N}=4$ theories are usually constructed in duality frames which contain non-trivial hair degrees of freedom localized outside the horizon. These modes are in addition to the fermionic zero modes associated with broken supersymmetry. Identifying and removing the hair from the $1/4$ BPS index allows us to isolate the degrees of freedom associated with the horizon. The spherical symmetry of the horizon then ensures that index of the horizon states has to be positive. We verify that this is indeed the case for the canonical example of dyons in type IIB theory on $K3\times T^2$ and prove this property holds for a class of states. We generalise this observation to all CHL orbifolds, this involves identifying the hair and isolating the horizon degrees of freedom. We then identify the horizon states for $1/4$ BPS dyons in ${\cal N}=4$ models obtained by freely acting ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ and ${\mathbb{ Z}}_3$ orbifolds of type IIB theory compactified on $T^6$ and observe that the index is again positive for single centred black holes. This observation coupled with the fact the $1/4$ BPS index of single centred solutions without removal of the hair violates positivity indicates that there exists no duality frame in these models without non-trivial hair.
Photoassociation spectroscopy of weakly bound $^{87}Rb_{2}$ molecules near $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$ threshold by optical Bragg scattering in Bose-Einstein condensates

We report the high resolution photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of a $^{87}Rb$ Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to excited molecular states near the dissociation limit of $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$ by optical Bragg scattering. Since the detection of optical Bragg scattering in BEC has a high signal-noise ratio, we obtain the high resolution PA spectrum of excited molecular states in the range of $\pm1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$. We compare the results with the conventional method of trap loss and show that the results agree each other very well. Many interesting phenomena of excited molecular states are observed, such as light-induced frequency shift and the anomalous strong bound molecular lines at the atomic transition from $|F=1\rangle$ to $|F^{\prime}=2\rangle$. The observed excited molecular states in the range of $\pm1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of $5P_{1/2} +5S_{1/2}$ are never reported before, which will help to further improve the long range bound state models near the dissociation limit.
Redescription of Sphodrosaurus pennsylvanicus Colbert, 1960 (Reptilia) and a reassessment of its affinities

Sphodrosaurus pennsylvanicus Colbert, 1960 from the Upper Triassic of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, was originally classified as a procolophonid. The holotype and only known specimen is preserved in a homfelsed mudstone of the Hammer Creek Formation, which may be early Norian in age. The recently prepared holotype is a natural mold of a partial skull and skeleton and was restudied using high-fidelity latex rubber casts. The alleged cranial frill comprises the posterior ends of both mandibular rami. The atlanto-occipital joint is placed well forward of the jaw articulation. The centra of the cervical and most of the dorsal vertebrae have strongly developed mid-ventral keels. Sphodrosaurus is clearly not a procolophonid, but it can be referred to the Diapsida on the basis of several skeletal features. Its affinities within Diapsida, however, remain unresolved, although it is probably a neo-diapsid.
Revision of Elginus Theron (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with the description of two new genera and comments on the grassland leafhopper fauna in South Africa

The previously monotypic South African leafhopper genus, Elginus Theron, 1975, is revised. Its type species, E. saltus (Naude, 1926), is redescribed, and the following 24 species are described as new: E. acutus, E. bispinus, E. cavatus, E. contradens, E. cultellus, E. denticulatus, E. dexteruncus, E. eccentricus, E. extrinsecus, E. falcatus, E. furcillatus, E. latus, E. levilobus, E. matarei, E. minutulus, E. recavus, E. malotiensis, E. oriens, E. semialatus, E. theroni, E. tortuosus, E. tubulus, E. unispinus and E. vulgaris. A key is provided for the identification mainly of males. These species are all grass-feeding and assigned to the tribe Paralimnini of the Deltocephalinae. Two new genera and species are described, namely Micropedeticus ochrus gen.n. & sp.n. in the tribe Paralimnini, from the Grassland Biome and Theronus priapus gen.n. & sp.n. in the tribe Deltocephalini, from the Fynbos Biome. Most species of Elginus and Micropedeticus are more common in the Grassland Biome in climax grassland under lower grazing pressure. Species of Elginus in the Fynbos Biome are more migratory and colonize new habitats such as grasses that appear after fire. These three genera are endemic to the Grassland and Fynbos Biomes of South Africa. A brief discussion on leafhoppers associated with grasses in the Fynbos, Grassland and Savanna Biomes of South Africa, is provided.
Knowledge-guided Open Attribute Value Extraction with Reinforcement Learning

Open attribute value extraction for emerging entities is an important but challenging task. A lot of previous works formulate the problem as a \textit{question-answering} (QA) task. While the collections of articles from web corpus provide updated information about the emerging entities, the retrieved texts can be noisy, irrelevant, thus leading to inaccurate answers. Effectively filtering out noisy articles as well as bad answers is the key to improving extraction accuracy. Knowledge graph (KG), which contains rich, well organized information about entities, provides a good resource to address the challenge. In this work, we propose a knowledge-guided reinforcement learning (RL) framework for open attribute value extraction. Informed by relevant knowledge in KG, we trained a deep Q-network to sequentially compare extracted answers to improve extraction accuracy. The proposed framework is applicable to different information extraction system. Our experimental results show that our method outperforms the baselines by 16.5 - 27.8\%.
The impact of an extreme flood in spring/summer 2010 on phytoplankton communities in oxbow lakes of the lower Vistula River, central Poland.

In 2010, central Europe was hit by a massive flood. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of this natural disaster on phytoplankton communities in four oxbow lakes of the lower Vistula River. In order to explain changes caused by the flood, the data from the year 2010 were compared with the data from the previous year. In summer 2009, the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton as well as chlorophyll a content in small isolated oxbow lakes were relatively low. Small nanoplankton flagellates prevailed. Much higher abundance and biomass of phytoplankton and chlorophyll a content were recorded in a large oxbow lake, characterized by the predominance of filamentous cyanobacteria. After the flood wave, the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the small oxbow lakes increased dramatically (18 and 7 times, respectively), but the number of species decreased. Filamentous cyanobacteria (Dolichospermum ), euglenophyta and dinoflagellates were identified. In the large oxbow lake, the number of species increased but the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton decreased (by approximately 60 and 75%). There was a shift in dominant algal species. Cyanobacteria were replaced mainly by cryptophyta, small chlorophyta (Chlamydomonas ) and xanthophyta (Heterothrix ). The least significant changes were recorded in the Vistula River. Here, before and after the flood, the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton as well as chlorophyll a content and the dominant algal species remained unchanged. The massive flood caused severe environmental stress, which disturbed phytoplankton development and led to shifts between clear water and turbid states in the lakes.
ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF SOIL AND LITTER INVERTEBRATE MACROFAUNA IN SATOYAMA IN KANAZAWA, JAPAN: A HIGHER TAXONOMIC LEVEL ANALYSIS

The abundance and diversity of soil and litter fauna collected in a ‘satoyama’ area in Kanazawa University`s Kakuma Campus, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, Japan in 2005 are discussed. Ten sampling sites were established: six of them were located in the cultivated area in a valley with terraced paddies under restoration and other four in unmanaged forested area. The samples were dealt with at higher taxonomic levels such as class and order. CCA ordination revealed a clear separation of soil and litter fauna composition among different habitat types (forested area, dwarf bamboo area, and cultivated area) and between layers (soil and litter) with specific environmental condition. The amount of litter was the strongest influence, affecting the richness and density of the soil and litter fauna like Collembola and Arachnida.
Pollen larceny of the tropical weed Solanum torvum by a Fijian endemic halictine bee with implications for the spread of plants with specialized pollinator requirements

Abstract: The ability of plants to colonize new habitats is influenced by their dependence on effective pollinators. This can be very important for plants that require specialized pollinators, especially when they disperse to islands that have low pollinator diversity. One form of specialization involves plants that require buzz-pollination, where bees must vibrate poricidal anthers at frequencies that allow pollen to be released. Pollen larceny is a phenomenon where insects ‘steal’ pollen from flowers which usually results in reduced pollination, but in some cases there can be a small contribution to pollination. Here we report pollen larceny in an endemic Fijian halictine bee Homalictus fijiensis that steals pollen by chewing anthers of the invasive weed Solanum torvum, which is a pollen-only plant requiring buzz pollination. In over nine hours of observations at six sites where H. fijiensis visited S. torvum, it never attempted to locate nectaries, it never buzzed anthers, and instead chewed anther tips, indicating an adaptation to exploit nectarless flowers with poricidal anthers without buzz-pollination. Analyses of 30 pollen loads from H. fijiensis collected from S. torvum flowers indicate 27 of these contained S. torvum pollen, ranging from 1% to 99% of total pollen, indicating it is a pollen vector for this plant. Our findings support arguments that super-generalist pollinators in island ecosystems can promote the spread of invasive plants, but go further by indicating that super-generalist strategies can extend to plants with highly specialized pollinator requirements.
Nutritional effects during later development on resulting performance and body composition in a high-producing sow genotype /

Newton, E. A. , J. S. Stevenson and D. L. Davis. 1986. Estrous expression in crossbred sows subjected to altered suckling and boar exposure. J. Anim. Sci. 63(Suppl. 1):356. Newton, E. A. , J. S. Stevenson, J. E. Minton and D. L. Davis. 1986. Endocrine changes in sows in response to altered suckling, boar exposure and weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 63(Suppl. 1):333. Newton, E. A. and D. C. Mahan. 1988. Effect of carbohydrate and grain source on the performance of weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 66(Suppl. 1):131. Newton, E. A. and D. C. Mahan. 1990. Efficacy of carbohydrate addition to early weaning pig diets containing dried skim milk or casein. J. Anim. Sci. 68(Suppl. 1):106. Newton, E. A. and D. C. Mahan. 1990. Performance response of weanling swine fed diets containing dried whey and supplemental sodium chloride. J. Anim. Sci. 68(Suppl. 1):115. Newton, E. A. and D. C. Mahan. 1991. Effect of initial breeding weight and management system on long term performance of F-l L X Y sows. J. Anim. Sci. 69(Suppl. 1):108. Newton, E. A. , D. C. Mahan and M. L. Day. 1991. Effect of energy restriction during the late development period on puberal onset in F-2 gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 69(Suppl. 1):367. Newton, E. A. and D. C. Mahan. 1992. Initial breeding weight and management system effects on body composition in F-l sows over three parities. J. Anim. Sci. 70(Suppl~ 1):In press.
Local Black Tern Chlidonias niger Population Trends in Relation to Nest Platform Provisioning

The population of Black Terns in The Netherlands strongly declined in the period from 1950 to 1980. In recent years numbers have been more stable. The supply of artificial nest platforms has successfully attracted breeding Black Terns, and 80% now breed on platforms. In this paper we describe the development in numbers and breeding success of a Black Tern population in The Netherlands over the period 1982–2015, where ample nest platforms have been supplied over time. Using this database we question whether we can increase the breeding population by supplying platforms. We are uncertain whether tern numbers responded to an increase in nest platforms, or whether researchers responded to an increase in tern numbers by putting out more nest platforms. We analyse (1) settlement and breeding success in relation to nesting substrate, (2) the covariation between breeding numbers and platform numbers over time and space, and (3) the density dependence of settlement and breeding success. Against this background we analyse whether the annual change in platform numbers is followed by a change in tern numbers, as would be expected if there was a causal link between the two. We show that in our study area reproduction on artificial platforms was higher than on natural substrate and that the tern population in the whole study area increased over the study period. This increase in numbers was associated with an increase in the number of platforms, as expected when platforms affect tern numbers. Settlement in the first year after introduction of the platforms was higher, but in later years there was no correlation between annual change in the number of platforms and annual change in the number of breeding pairs. We did not detect a decline in the number of fledglings produced per pair with increasing tern breeding density. In conclusion, although the general pattern suggests positive effects of platform numbers on tern numbers, we are strictly speaking not able to show that supplying nest platforms caused the increase in the local Black Tern population over the study period. The answer awaits large scale experiments with control areas and individually marked birds to quantify survival and dispersal.
Functional study of oil assembly pathway in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruits

Oil palm is the highest oil-yielding crop-plant, accounting for approximately 40% of the total world vegetable oil production. The fruit accumulates oil, made of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules, in both mesocarp and kernel with totally different fatty acid profiles. Fatty acids are assembled into oil through Kennedy pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is complicated by editing processes involving phosphatidylcholine metabolism. To investigate oil assembly in oil palm, we use lipidomics as a tool to analyze different populations of palm to search for TAG structural diversity, and to further characterize changes in lipid content and composition in mesocarp and kernel during fruit ripening. We used yeast two-hybrid system (split ubiquitin) to test protein-protein interactions for almost all the enzymes (32) involved in oil assembly pathway, and we demonstrated 241 interactions, including 132 strong interactions, 73 medium interactions and 36 weak interactions. Our results suggest that all enzymes might assemble into one or several complexes that may form metabolons. In addition, different isoforms of enzymes showed distinct interaction profiles, providing hints for future studies. Moreover, we also characterized the in vivo function of a putative acyltransferase (designated EgWSD1-like) possibly involved in oil assembly and the three major diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) isoforms of palm mesocarp in the mutant yeast H1246, which is devoid of neutral lipid synthesis. EgWSD1-like only shows wax ester synthase activity in yeast, while three EgDGATs all can restore TAG biosynthesis in yeast with different substrate specificities.
Tree species richness in northeastern China: geographical variation and minimum areas

The geographical patterns of tree species richness in forest communities have been studied widely, but little is known about the geographical variation of the estimated species richness and minimum areas using species-area curves. A differential technique based on the species-area relationships (SAR) was developed for estimating the minimum area (Amin) capturing 60–80% of the species in each plot, which is an important characteristic of a forest community. The relationship between estimated species richness (ESR) from the SAR and the corresponding minimum area is described by the linear model ESR = 0.0051×Amin (R2 = 0.98, p < 0.0001). Both the ESR and the minimum area exhibit similar geographical variations with a significant increase along altitudinal and a decrease along latitudinal gradients. The spatial variations of the ESR were partitioned into three geographical components and their combined effects. Altitude accounted for 40% and 45% of the total variation in the ESR and the minimum area, respectively. While latitude accounted for 69% and 61% of the total variation in the ESR and the minimum area, respectively. Thus, latitude is the main determinant which influences the geographical variation of the ESR. As far as we know, this study presents the first report of the geographical patterns of the minimum area in temperate forests.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of river viruses, bacteria and microeukaryotes

Freshwater is an essential resource of increasing value, as clean water sources diminish. Microorganisms in rivers, a major source of renewable freshwater, are significant due to their role in drinking water safety, signalling environmental contamination1, and driving global nutrient cycles2,3. However, a foundational understanding of microbial communities in rivers is lacking4, especially temporally and for viruses5‒7. No studies to date have examined the composition of the free-floating river virome over time, and explanations of the underlying causes of spatial and temporal changes in riverine microbial composition, especially for viruses, remain unexplored. Here, we report relationships among riverine microbial communities and their environment across time, space, and superkingdoms (viruses, bacteria, and microeukaryotes), using metagenomics and marker-based microbiome analysis methods. We found that many superkingdom pairs were synchronous and had consistent shifts with sudden environmental change. However, synchrony strength, and relationships with environmental conditions, varied across space and superkingdoms. Variable relationships were observed with seasonal indicators and chemical conditions previously found to be predictive of bacterial community composition4,8‒10, emphasizing the complexity of riverine ecosystems and raising questions around the generalisability of single-site and bacteria-only studies. In this first study of riverine viromes over time, DNA viral communities were stably distinct between sites, suggesting the similarity in riverine bacteria across significant geographic distances10‒12 does not extend to viruses, and synchrony was surprisingly observed between DNA and RNA viromes. This work provides foundational data for riverine microbial dynamics in the context of environmental and chemical conditions and illustrates how a bacteria-only or single-site approach would lead to an incorrect description of microbial dynamics. We show how more holistic microbial community analysis, including viruses, is necessary to gain a more accurate and deeper understanding of microbial community dynamics.
Acute hypoxia-induced diaphragm dysfunction is prevented by antioxidant pre-treatment

Acute hypoxia-induced diaphragm dysfunction is prevented by antioxidant pre-treatment Author(s) O'Leary, Andrew J. Publication date 2016 Original citation O'Leary, A. J. 2016. Acute hypoxia-induced diaphragm dysfunction is prevented by antioxidant pre-treatment. PhD Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Doctoral thesis Rights © 2016, Andrew James O'Leary. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Symbiotic efficiency of native rhizobia in legume tree Leucaena leucocephala derived from several soil classes of Brazilian Northeast region

The effective symbiotic activity of rhizobia can contribute increment of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), which is of great importance in low technology regions. This study aimed to evaluate the symbiotic efficiency of native rhizobia from Brazilian Northeast soils for selection of the most efficient and competitive strains for Leucaena leucocephala plant. The greenhouse test was conducted in factorial scheme (7x3), with seven fertilization treatments and three soil classes (Luvisol, Ultisol and Oxisol). The fertilization treatments were: (a) four native rhizobia isolates, obtained from nodules of L. leucocephala grown in Brazilian semiarid soils; (b) recommended strain (SEMIA 6069); (c) control without rhizobia inoculation and without N fertilization; (d) control without rhizobia, but with N fertilization (100 mg kg -1 ). The plants were harvested at 90 days and the following characteristics were determined: plant height, diameter, shoots dry matter, roots dry matter and nodules dry matter, number of nodules, nitrogen concentration and accumulation in shoots, and efficiency of nitrogen fixation. The isolates 36F and 45G are very promising on Biologic Nitrogen Fixation (BNF). They showed high symbiotic efficiency (higher than 90%). These selected strains provided the best characteristics such as plant height (57 and 52 cm), diameter (4.03 and 4.02 mm), dry matter of shoot (3.2 and 3.6 g plant -1 ) and nitrogen accumulation in shoots (60 and 65 mg plant-1).