Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of the Adaptive Response Modeling algorithm

A new nuclide identification algorithm, Adaptive Response Modeling (ARM), has been designed to automate robust whole spectrum analysis. ARM rapidly generates simulated spectra based on a limited number of bounded input parameters that are iteratively optimized to match a measured spectrum. Multiple responses based on bounding geometries can be interpolated to fit an unknown geometry. The performance of ARM has been evaluated by generating spectra for all singles and pairs from a library of 25 nuclides at a range of live times for a 2″×2″ NaI(Tl), 1.5″×1.5″ LaBr3(Ce), 1 cm3 CZT, 20% HPGe, and a 1.5″×15″×68″ plastic scintillator detector for unshielded and shielded (5 mm steel) conditions. These spectra were analyzed with ARM and standard peak analysis algorithms for comparison of relative performance. The false negative and false positive rates for each detector were determined at each live time and shielding condition for each analysis algorithm. The results are presented in plots for each detector and shielding condition in terms of probability of detection and false alarm rate. The ARM algorithm yielded the best overall performance, but was shown to be susceptible to failure when the correct response is significantly outside the bounding geometries.
Multidimensional replica-exchange method for free-energy calculations

We have developed a new simulation algorithm for free-energy calculations. The method is a multidimensional extension of the replica-exchange method. While pairs of replicas with different temperatures are exchanged during the simulation in the original replica-exchange method, pairs of replicas with different temperatures and/or different parameters of the potential energy are exchanged in the new algorithm. This greatly enhances the sampling of the conformational space and allows accurate calculations of free energy in a wide temperature range from a single simulation run, using the weighted histogram analysis method.
The Athlete and High Altitude

Expanding athlete participation in high-altitude environments highlights the importance for a sports physician to have a good understanding of the high-altitude illness (HAI) syndromes: acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). All may occur in the setting of acute altitude exposure higher than 2500 m; incidence and severity increases as altitudes or ascent rates increase. Once HAI is recognized, proven therapies should be instituted to alleviate symptoms and avert the possibility of critical illness. Allowing for acclimatization is the best strategy for preventing HAI. Acetazolamide and dexamethasone are additional preventive measures for AMS/HACE; nifedipine, salmeterol, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors are useful in preventing HAPE. Along with the immediate hazards of HAI with altitude exposure, the sport physician also should be familiar with altitude/hypoxic training practices used by athletes to enhance fitness and performance.
Licochalcone B Arrests Cell Cycle Progression and Induces Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells.

BACKGROUND Recent patent of licochalcone B (LCB) as an antiinflammatory agent has been developed. Emerging evidence shows that LCB may be a promising alternative compound with anti-cancer activities. However, the anticancer mechanism of LCB in MCF-7 cells has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to unearth the anti-cancer effect and mechanism of LCB in MCF-7 cells. METHOD Cell proliferation activity and cell-cycle progression were determined by sulforhodamine B assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of cell cycle-related proteins and apoptosis-associated proteins were examined by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry after JC-1 staining. RESULTS We found that LCB inhibited MCF-7 cells proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, LCB-treatment led to S phase arrest in MCF-7 cells, which could be elucidated by the decreased mRNA and protein levels of Cyclin A, Cdk2 and Cdc25 A, and the increased protein level of p21. LCB also induced such apoptosis morphology as phosphatidylserine externalization, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, LCB led to the loss of MMP, resulting in the release of cytochrome C. The above apoptotic events were supported by the fact that LCB upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and Bax, and downregulated the mRNA and protein level of Bcl-2, which was triggered by the increased p53 protein level in LCB-treated MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that LCB could be a promising agent for treatment of human breast cancer.
Characterization of loci containing microsatellite sequences among Canadian wheat cultivars.

Two microsatellite sequences, one within a γ-gliadin locus and another within a low molecular weight glutenin locus, were characterized on a set of 16 wheat lines. The wheat lines analyzed were primarily Canadian cultivars or breeding lines. A high level of variation was detected, especially between the Canadian Prairie Spring and the Canadian Western Red Spring Wheat classes. Markers based on microsatellite sequence sites appear to be more informative on closely related germplasm than either RFLP- or RAPD-based markers. The applicability of these markers across a wide spectrum of classes and cultivars provides a starting point for developing a point of delivery wheat class identification system.
1 BRINGING THE FIRM BACK IN : FIRM-SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NETWORK POSITION AND PERFORMANCE

This paper investigates factors that affect the relationship between a firm’s position in a network of inter-firm ties, and firm performance. Building upon the literature on inter-firm networks, I build a theoretical model that identifies mechanisms through which a firm’s position in an open network rich in structural holes could lead to improvements in its performance. I argue that whether or not individual firms can perform well in open networks depends upon several firm-level characteristics, such as specialization (scope), multimarket contact with partners and network centrality. I conduct empirical study examining networks formed among domestic and international investment banks advising their clients on merger and acquisition deals in the United Kingdom between 1992 and 2001. My results indicate that banks located in similarly structured open networks could obtain different performance results depending upon a) banks’ scope, which affects their ability to appropriate heterogeneous information transmitted by their network partners; b) banks’ level of multimarket contact with their partners, which affects capacity to prevent risks of partner non-cooperation; and c) banks’ network centrality, which affects their risks of isolation from other network members.
Alterations in the lung following the administration of ozone.

Inhalation of ozone (5 ppm for three hours) by rabbits resulted in morphologic alterations in the pulmonary alveolar macrophages recovered from the lungs of exposed animals. These structural alterations were characteristic of cellular injury or cell death and included intracellular vacuolization, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear envelope, swelling of mitochondria, cell lysis, and formation of myelin figures and autophagic vacuoles. Exposure to ozone had no significant effect on pulmonary surface activity, phosphatide composition, or fatty acid composition of phospholipids recovered from extracts of whole lung or by bronchioalveolar lavage from exposed animals. A dose-related functional impairment in alveolar macrophage intrapulmonary antibacterial defense mechanisms resulted from exposure to lower levels of ozone. Similar dose-related impairments in macrophage function were induced with prolonged oxygen administration.
Qualitative assessment of self-identity in people with advanced dementia

This study aimed to understand the preserved elements of self-identity in persons with moderate to severe dementia attributable to Alzheimer's disease. A semi-structured interview was developed to explore the narrative self among residents with dementia in a residential care facility, and residents without dementia in an independent living setting. The interviews were transcribed verbatim from audio recordings and analyzed for common themes, while being sensitive to possible differences between the groups. The participants with dementia showed evidence of self-reference even though losses in explicit memory were evident. The most noticeable difference between the two groups was time frame reference. Nonetheless, all participants showed understanding of their role in relationships and exhibited concrete preferences. Our findings suggest that memory loss and other cognitive deficits associated with moderate to severe dementia do not necessarily lead to a loss of “self. ”
Vasa praevia: ultrasound diagnosis at the mid‐trimester scan

Background: Vasa praevia is a condition in which fetal vessels, unsupported by the umbilical cord or placenta, run on the fetal membranes in the lower uterine segment near the cervix. Rupture of these vessels prior to or at the time of delivery is associated with a very high perinatal mortality rate. Antenatal diagnosis of this condition with ultrasound is readily available, alters management and significantly decreases the risk of fetal loss.
Energy Suboptimal Collision-Free Reconfiguration for Spacecraft Formation Flying

ThisNotepresentsamethodforthegenerationofenergysuboptimal,collision-free, reconﬁguration trajectories for formations ﬂying in deep space(gravity-free environment). The main idea is to introduce a set ofwaypoints through which these trajectories pass and to assume thatthe trajectories are piecewise cubic polynomials. The resulting op-timization problem has a quasi-quadratic structure in the waypointsparameters.Gradient-basedalgorithms,whichexploitthisstructure,are developed for the solution. Examples show that this methodol-ogy is very efﬁcient and fast.
sEMG Signal-Based Lower Limb Human Motion Detection Using a Top and Slope Feature Extraction Algorithm

This letter presents lower limb human motion detection using a surface electromyogram (sEMG) with a top and slope (TAS) feature extraction algorithm. Lower limb human motion detection using sEMG signal is generally divided into gait subphase detection, locomotion mode recognition, and mode change detection. Existing feature extraction algorithms using sEMG signal have several innate problems in recognizing lower limb human motion detection. With respect to time-domain features, their values may be analogous because two different gait subphases and locomotion mode may have similar muscle activity pattern. Therefore, it is not easy to select the proper feature set of sEMG signals. The TAS feature extraction algorithm reflects better timing characteristics of sEMG signals than the existing time-domain feature extraction algorithm. Therefore, it can provide high accuracy in lower limb human motion detection. Experimental results show that the average detection accuracy values of the proposed method in terms of the gait subphase detection, locomotion mode recognition, and mode change detection are increased by 8%, 5%, and 4% better than those of feature values of the Willison amplitude, respectively.
Problem management maturity within corrective maintenance

CM3: Problem Management is a first detailed descriptive problem management process model to be utilized within corrective maintenance. It is the result of a long-term empirical study of industrial corrective maintenance processes. It has been developed at ABB and evaluated for its industrial relevance within 17 non-ABB organizations.Playing the role of a descriptive model, CM3: Problem Management specifies what a problem management process should look like. It also structures it into three maturity levels, Initial, Defined, and Optimal, where each level offers a different grainedness of process visibility.In this paper, we present the CM3 levels of problem management process maturity within corrective maintenance and match them against the industrial state of practice. Our goal is to establish the current status of problem management maturity using CM3: Problem Management as an evaluation model. Our evaluation results show that the industrial processes today suffice to attend to software problems within corrective maintenance. Very few of them, however, do learn from the past in order to prevent future problems and to improve development or maintenance processes.
Immunogenetics of prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia – the potential use of an HLA‐G variant as a tag SNP for prostate cancer risk

Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA‐G) is an immunomodulatory molecule with important roles both physiologically as well as an escape mechanism of cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the impact of eight polymorphisms at the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the HLA‐G gene in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 468 DNA samples of Brazilian men predominantly Euro‐descendant with PCa (N = 187), BPH (N = 152) and healthy control individuals (N = 129) were evaluated. The HLA‐G 3′UTR region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced and genotyped to identify the 14 bp insertion/deletion (rs371194629), +3003T/C (rs1707), +3010C/G (rs1710), +3027A/C (rs17179101), +3035C/T (rs17179108), +3142G/C (rs1063320), +3187A/G (rs9380142) and +3196C/G (rs1610696) polymorphisms. Regression logistic and chi‐square tests were performed to verify the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PCa and/or BPH susceptibility, as well as in PCa progression (clinicopathological status). Our data showed the UTR‐4 haplotype as a risk factor to PCa in comparison with control [odds ratio (OR) 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–3.96, Padjusted = 0.003) and BPH groups (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.15–2.86, Padjusted = 0.030). Further, the ‘non‐14bp Ins_ + 3142G_+3187A’ haplotype (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.10–2.20, Padjusted = 0.036), the +3003CT genotype (OR 4.44, 95% CI 1.33–4.50, Padjusted = 0.032) and the +3003C allele (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.38–3.92, Padjusted = 0.016) also conferred susceptibility to PCa. Our data suggest an important influence of HLA‐G 3′UTR polymorphisms in PCa susceptibility and support the use of the +3003 variant as a tag SNP for PCa risk.
No Reference Video Quality Metric for 4K-UHD Videos Based on H.264/AVC Bitstream Features

With the wide-spread use of digital videos, quality considerations have become essential, and industry demand for video quality measurement standards is rising. In this paper, we proposed a no reference video quality metric for 4K-UHD videos in the compressed domain. As video coding parameters which can reflect the degree of distortion caused by compression can be extracted in compressed domain, we firstly extracted some feature parameters from 4K-UHD compressed videos. Then the parameters were applied to train the proposed model with the corresponding subjective score using multi-linear algorithm. The experimental results show that our model can achieve a good performance for the 4K-UHD video streams with the subjective score. Keywords-4K Ultra High Definition; subjective video quality assessment; no reference; objective video quality assessment; compressed domain
Low-Frequency Noise Performance of a Bilayer InZnO–InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistor for Analog Device Applications

In this letter, we present a comparative study of the low-frequency noise behavior of single-layer InGaZnO and bilayer InZnO-InGaZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs). The normalized noise for the bilayer oxide TFT is three times lower than that for the single-layer oxide TFT, mainly due to the higher mobility of the thin interfacial InZnO layer. The carrier number fluctuation is the dominant low-frequency noise mechanism in both devices. The use of a high-mobility bilayer oxide TFT with scaled gate length is still valid for reducing low-frequency noise.
Carcinoembryonic antigen by radioimmunoassay in the detection of recurrence during long‐term followup of female genital cancer

In the study, radioimmunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was used in 75 patients with female genital cancer, who were followed up on a long‐term basis. These patients were assessed for the following disease status at each visit: free of disease, residual disease, or recurrence of disease. They also had periodic determinations of CEA in serum performed independently. The majority of patients who remained free of disease showed a rapid disappearance of CEA after treatment, whereas those who had residual disease continued to show persistence of CEA in serum. The patients who developed recurrence showed a re‐appearance of CEA after its initial disappearance; the mean time interval between re‐appearance of CEA and detection of clinical recurrence was 10.7 weeks. The CEA assay is considered to be a useful aid to the assessment of subsequent behavior of the tumor after primary treatment.
A new class of potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: structure-activity relationships for a series of 9-alkoxymethyl-12-(3-hydroxypropyl)indeno[2,1-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-5-ones and the identification of CEP-5214 and its dimethylglycine ester prodrug clini

A series of potent vascular endothelial growth factor R2 (VEGF-R2) tyrosine kinase inhibitors from a new indenopyrrolocarbazole template is reported. The structure-activity relationships for a series of 9-alkoxymethyl-12-(3-hydroxypropyl)indeno[2,1-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-5-ones revealed an optimal R9 substitution with ethoxymethyl 19 (VEGF-R2 IC(50) = 4 nM) and isopropoxymethyl 21 (VEGF-R2 IC(50) = 8 nM) being the most potent inhibitors in the series. The VEGF-R2 activity was reduced appreciably by increasing the size of the R9 alkoxy group or by alpha-methyl branching adjacent to the ring. The combined R9 alkoxymethyl and N12 hydroxypropyl substitutions were required for potent VEGF-R2 activity, and the corresponding thioether analogues were weaker than their ether counterparts. Compound 21 (R9 isopropoxymethyl, CEP-5214) was identified as a potent, low-nanomolar pan inhibitor of human VEGF-R tyrosine kinases, displaying IC(50) values of 16, 8, and 4 nM for VEGF-R1/FLT-1, VEGF-R2/KDR, and VEGF-R3/FLT-4, respectively, with cellular activity equivalent to the isolated enzyme activity. Compound 21 exhibited good selectivity against numerous tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases including PKC, Tie2, TrkA, CDK1, p38, JNK, and IRK. To increase water solubility and oral bioavailability, the N,N-dimethylglycine ester 40 was prepared. In pharmacokinetic studies in mice and rats, increased plasma levels of 21 were observed after oral administration of 40. Compound 21 demonstrated significant in vivo antitumor activity in numerous tumor models and was advanced into phase I clinical trials as the water-soluble N,N-dimethylglycine ester prodrug 40 (CEP-7055).
Endocytosed HSP60s Use Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 to Activate the Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Signaling Pathway in Innate Immune Cells*

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) require no adjuvant to confer immunogenicity to bound peptides, as if they possessed an intrinsic “danger” signature. To understand the proinflammatory nature of HSP, we analyzed signaling induced by human and chlamydial HSP60. We show that both HSP60s activate the stress-activated protein kinases p38 and JNK1/2, the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2, and the I-κB kinase (IKK). Activation of JNK and IKK proceeds via the Toll/IL-1 receptor signaling pathway involving MyD88 and TRAF6. Human fibroblasts transfected with TLR2 or TLR4 plus MD-2 gain responsiveness to HSP60, while TLR2- or TLR4-defective cells display impaired responses. Initiation of signaling requires endocytosis of HSP60 that is effectively inhibited by serum component(s). The results revealed that adjuvanticity of HSP60 operates similar to that of classical pathogen-derived ligands.
Nanometer resolution imaging by single molecule switching

The fluorescence intensity of single molecules can change dramatically even under constant laser excitation. The phenomenon is frequently called as ‘blinking,’ and involves molecules switching between high- and low-intensity states (1). In addition to spontaneous blinking, the fluorescence of some special fluorophores, such as cyanine dyes and photoactivatable fluorescent proteins, can be switched on and off, by choice, using a second laser. Recent single-molecule spectroscopy investigations have shed light on mechanisms of single-molecule blinking and photoswitching. This ability to controllably switch single molecules led to the invention of a novel fluorescence microscopy with nanometer spatial resolution well beyond the diffraction limit. (Published: 2 April 2010) Citation: Nano Reviews 2010, 1: 5122 - DOI: 10.3402/nano.v1i0. 5122
Ethnic and Sex Differences in the Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Suspected Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adolescents

Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized among overweight adolescents. Metabolic syndrome often coexists with NAFLD in adults. This study aimed to determine whether, in US adolescents, metabolic syndrome increases the odds of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >40 U/L, a surrogate for NAFLD. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of the association between metabolic syndrome and ALT>40 U/L was undertaken in a sample of 12- to 19-year-olds from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2002, representative of the US adolescent population. Subjects were excluded for incomplete data, pregnancy, steroid or hepatotoxic drug use, cholestasis or viral hepatitis, and alcohol intake. The metabolic syndrome was defined by adult criteria adapted for pediatric body size and blood pressure. The association of metabolic syndrome with ALT>40 U/L, effect modifiers, and confounders were analyzed using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sampling weights. Results: Of 4902 adolescents, the 1323 included were similar to the excluded ones, except for the important variable sex (55% vs 49% male, P = 0.03, respectively). The metabolic syndrome was associated with ALT>40 U/L (odds ratio [OR] 16.7, confidence interval [CI] 6.2–45.1, P < 0.001) with significant interaction by sex: OR 20.4 (CI 6.2–66.7, P < 0.001) for males versus 3.1 (CI 0.4–25.1, P = 0.3) for females. Further stratification of males suggested interaction by ethnicity: OR 5.0 (CI 1.3–19.0, P = 0.02) for Hispanics versus 34.3 (CI 7.61–55.4, P < 0.001) for non-Hispanics. Among Hispanic males, adjustment for body mass index z score explained the association (OR 0.6; CI 0.1–2.9, P = 0.5), whereas among non-Hispanic males, the association remained after adjustment for BMIz (OR 11.1; CI 3.2–38.0, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with ALT>40 U/L in US male adolescents. Body mass index z score explained this association among Hispanics, but not among non-Hispanic males. Significant sex and ethnic differences exist in the association of pediatric metabolic syndrome with elevated ALT.