Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization and determinants of sleep measured by self-report and wrist actigraphy in patients with interstitial lung disease

Abstract PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the association between sleep measurements by wrist actigraphy and patient self-report and assess the impact of physical activity and extrapulmonary symptoms on sleep quality in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). METHODS Patients were recruited from specialized ILD clinics. Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep latency and number of sleep disturbances were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and an ActiGraph monitor worn on patients’ non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days. Step counts were monitored over the same period using a waist monitor. Extrapulmonary symptoms were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Brief Pain Inventory. Multivariable analyses were used to examine whether physical activity and extrapulmonary symptoms were determinants of sleep quality in fibrotic ILD. RESULTS A total of 111 patients were assessed (62% male, mean age 70 ± 9 years). Mean self-reported total sleep time was 494 ± 80mins/night. Median self-reported sleep efficiency and latency were 97% (94–98%) and 15 min (8–30 min), respectively. Poor sleep quality was reported in 61% of patients. Wrist monitors detected a mean total sleep time of 441 ± 72mins/night. Median sleep efficiency and latency measured by wrist monitors were 88% (83–91%) and 2 min (0–7 min), respectively. The PSQI was largely within limits of agreement in reference to the wrist monitor recordings. Higher pain severity was an independent predictor of reduced sleep efficiency, increased sleep latency and greater number of sleep disturbances measured by the PSQI on adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS The PSQI is generally in agreement with wrist actigraphy measurements. Pain is a determinant of sleep in fibrotic ILD.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in Paraguay: A descriptive and preliminary study

Introduction: Healthcare workers exposed to SARS-CoV-2 are vulnerable to psychological distress. The goal of this study is to evaluate the psychological impact of exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers in Paraguay. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 5 tertiary hospitals in the Central, San Pedro and Caaguazú Departments of Paraguay during the COVID-19 pandemic from April to June 2020. The pilot study included 125 healthcare workers as participants, 25 for each hospital. Demographic data and occupational exposure data were collected with an ad-hoc questionnaire. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were evaluated employing the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress was determined using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Check List-C. Results: Of the 125 participants, 68 (54.8%) were doctors, 37 (29.8) nurses, 7 (5.6%) biochemists, 3 (2.4%) obstetricians, and 9 (7.3%) other healthcare workers. Most participants were females (86 [68.8%]), with an average age of 33.8 years (SD ± 7.4), single (71 [56.8%]), with a postgraduate educational level (83 [66.4%]), and reporting a junior level of work experience (52 [41.6%]). A total of 71 (57.3%) were classified as high-risk healthcare workers after exposure to SARS-CoV-2. 61 (48.8%) of participants presented symptoms of depression, and 68 (54.4%) presented symptoms of anxiety. A small group reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress (9 [7.2%]). Conclusion: Healthcare workers in Paraguay reported a significant prevalence of depressive and anxious symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings lend support to the idea that healthcare workers are vulnerable to psychological distress and that they may require specific mental health interventions.
Rationale, design, and preliminary results of the Iran-premature coronary artery disease study (I-PAD): A multi-center case-control study of different Iranian ethnicities

BACKGROUND Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is still prevalent worldwide and may differ in various ethnicities. Due to the presence of different ethnicities in Iran, the Iran-premature coronary artery disease (I-PAD) study aimed to determine the frequency of premature CAD and related risk factors based on each ethnicity. METHODS In this multi-center case-control study, 4000 patients with premature CAD from ten different ethnicities who lived in different cities of Iran and underwent coronary angiography were enrolled (women aged ≤ 70 and men ≤ 60 years). Patients with CAD defined as obstruction equal or above 75% in at least a single coronary artery or left main ≥ 50% were included in the case group, while patients with normal coronary arteries were included in the control group. Lifestyle behaviors, cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometric measurements, and other variables were collected. Serum, whole blood, buffy coat, plasma, urine, stool, and saliva samples were stored. RESULTS The number of patients enrolled until April 2020 was 2071. The mean age of patients was 53.51 ± 7.52 and 934 (45.09%) of patients were women. To date, about 39.6% of the patients were normal. Also, about 26.0% were with one-vessel disease (1VD), 15.0% with two-vessel disease (2VD), and 15.2% with three-vessel disease (3VD). More than 30000 patients' biosamples from across the country have been stored. CONCLUSION Knowing the frequency of premature CAD according to different ethnicities with major differences in their lifestyle behaviors and risk factors can assist health decision-makers. In addition, I-PAD biosamples will be an invaluable source.
A Method for Wheat Head Detection Based on Yolov4

Background: Plant phenotyping by deep learning has increased attention. The detection of wheat head in the field is an important mission for estimating the characteristics of wheat heads such as the density, health, maturity, and presence or absence of awns. Traditional wheat head detection methods have problems such as low efficiency, strong subjectivity, and poor accuracy. However, with the development of deep learning theory and the iteration of computer hardware, the accuracy of object detection method using deep neural networks has been greatly improved. Therefore, using a deep neural network method to detect wheat heads in images has a certain value. Results: In this paper, a method of wheat head detection based on deep neural network is proposed. Firstly, for improving the backbone network part, two SPP networks are introduced to enhance the ability of feature learning and increase the receptive field of the convolutional network. Secondly, the top-down and bottom-up feature fusion strategies are applied to obtain multi-level features. Finally, we use Yolov3's head structures to predict the bounding box of object. The results show that our proposed detection method for wheat head has higher accuracy and speed. The mean average precision of our method is 94.5%, and the detection speed of our proposed method is 88fps. Conclusion: The proposed deep neural network can accurately and quickly detector the wheat head in the image which is based on Yolov4. In addition, the training dataset is a wheat head dataset with accurate annotations and rich varieties, which makes the proposed method more robust and has a wide range of application values. The proposed detector is also more suitable for wheat detection task, with the deeper backbone networks. The use of spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) and multi-level features fusion, which all play a crucial role in improving detector performance. Our method provides beneficial help for the breeding of wheat
Unravelling a PhIL1-glideosome associated complex in Plasmodium falciparum merozoite that is essential for invasion in host erythrocytes

The human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum possess a unique mechanism of gliding motility guided by glideosome that powers its entry into insect and vertebrate hosts to facilitate its invasion and internalization within the targeted host cell. Photosensitized INA-labelled protein 1 (PhIL1) forms a novel protein complex that is associated with glideosome motor complex in the inner membrane complex of invasive merozoite. To establish the role of PfPhIL1 associated novel complex at asexual blood stages, we characterized three proteins associated with PhIL1: a glideosome associated protein- PfGAPM2, an IMC structural protein- PfALV5 and a previously uncharacterised protein - referred here as PfPhIP (PhIL1 interacting protein). GFP targeting and co-immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that these proteins are part of a PhIL1 associated novel complex, which co-exists with the glideosomal complex. To know the functional significance of PhIL1 associated complex, transgenic parasites were generated for glmS mediated conditional knock-down of each of the three proteins. Parasites lacking PfPhIP or PfGAPM2 were unable to invade the RBCs. PfPhIP deficient parasites also showed defects in merozoite segmentation. PfPhIP and PfGAPM2 depleted parasites revealed abrogation of reorientation/gliding, although initial attachment with human RBCs was not affected in these knock-down parasites. Together, the data presented here shows that proteins of the PhIL1 associated complex play an important role in orientation of P. falciparum merozoites post initial attachment, which is crucial for formation of tight junction and hence invasion of host erythrocytes.
Penicillium Janthinellum NCIM-1366 Shows Improved Biomass Hydrolysis Performance Over Trichoderma Reesei RUT-C30, and Secretome Analysis Reveals a Larger Number of CAZymes with Higher Induction Levels.

BackgroundMajor cost of bioethanol is attributed to enzymes employed in biomass hydrolysis. Lignocellulolytic enzymes are predominantly produced from the hyper cellulolytic mutant filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30. Several decades of research have failed to provide an industrial grade organism producing higher titers of an effective synergistic biomass hydrolyzing enzyme cocktail. Penicillium janthinellum NCIM1366 was reported as a cellulase hyper producer and a potential alternative to T. reesei, but a comparison of their hydrolytic performance was seldom attempted. ResultsHydrolysis of acid or alkali pretreated rice straw using cellulase enzyme preparations from P. janthinellum and T. reesei indicated 37 and 43 % higher glucose release respectively with P. janthinellum enzymes. A comparison of these fungi with respect to their secreted enzymes indicated that the crude enzyme preparation from P. janthinellum showed 28 % higher overall cellulase activity. It also had an exceptional 10-fold higher beta-glucosidase activity compared to that of T. reesei, leading to a lower cellobiose accumulation and thus alleviating the feedback inhibition. P. janthinellum secreted more number of proteins to the extracellular medium whose total concentration was 1.8 fold higher than T. reesei. Secretome analyses of the two fungi revealed more number of CAZymes and a higher relative abundance of cellulases upon cellulose induction in the fungus.ConclusionsThe results revealed the ability P. janthinellum for efficient biomass degradation through hyper cellulase production, and it outperformed the established industrial cellulase producer T. reesei in the hydrolysis experiments. A higher level of induction, larger number of secreted CAZymes and a high relative proportion of BGL to cellulases could be the possible reasons for its performance advantage in biomass hydrolysis.
Age-related impairment of navigation and strategy in virtual reality star maze

Background: Although it is well known that aging impairs navigation performance, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Egocentric strategy requires navigators to remember a series of body-turns without relying on the relationship between environmental cues. Previous study suggested that the egocentric strategy, compared with non-egocentric strategy, was relatively unimpaired during aging. In this study, we aimed to examine strategy use during virtual navigation task and the underlying cognitive supporting mechanisms in older adults.Methods: Thirty young adults and thirty-one older adults were recruited from the local community. This study adapted star maze paradigm using non-immersive virtual environment. Participants moved freely in a star maze with adequate landmarks, and were requested to find a fixed destination. After 9 learning trials, participants were probed in the same virtual star maze but with no salient landmarks. Participants were classified as egocentric or non-egocentric strategy group according to their response in the probe trial. Results: The results revealed that older adults adopting egocentric strategy completed the navigation task as accurate as young adults, whereas older adults using non-egocentric strategy completed the navigation task with more detours and lower accuracy. The relatively well-maintained egocentric strategy in older adults was related to better visuo-spatial ability.Conclusions: Visuo-spatial ability might play an important role in navigation accuracy and navigation strategy of older adults. This study demonstrated the potential value of the virtual star maze in evaluating navigation strategy and visuo-spatial ability in older adults.
Use of Fitbit Devices in Physical Activity Intervention Studies Across the Life Course: Narrative Review

Background Commercial off-the-shelf activity trackers (eg, Fitbit) allow users to self-monitor their daily physical activity (PA), including the number of steps, type of PA, amount of sleep, and other features. Fitbits have been used as both measurement and intervention tools. However, it is not clear how they are being incorporated into PA intervention studies, and their use in specific age groups across the life course is not well understood. Objective This narrative review aims to characterize how PA intervention studies across the life course use Fitbit devices by synthesizing and summarizing information on device selection, intended use (intervention vs measurement tool), participant wear instructions, rates of adherence to device wear, strategies used to boost adherence, and the complementary use of other PA measures. This review provides intervention scientists with a synthesis of information that may inform future trials involving Fitbit devices. Methods We conducted a search of the Fitabase Fitbit Research Library, a database of studies published between 2012 and 2018. Of the 682 studies available on the Fitabase research library, 60 interventions met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. A supplemental search in PubMed resulted in the inclusion of 15 additional articles published between 2019 and 2020. A total of 75 articles were reviewed, which represented interventions conducted in childhood; adolescence; and early, middle, and older adulthood. Results There was considerable heterogeneity in the use of Fitbit within and between developmental stages. Interventions for adults typically required longer wear periods, whereas studies on children and adolescents tended to have more limited device wear periods. Most studies used developmentally appropriate behavior change techniques and device wear instructions. Regardless of the developmental stage and intended Fitbit use (ie, measurement vs intervention tool), the most common strategies used to enhance wear time included sending participants reminders through texts or emails and asking participants to log their steps or synchronize their Fitbit data daily. The rates of adherence to the wear time criteria were reported using varying metrics. Most studies supplemented the use of Fitbit with additional objective or self-reported measures for PA. Conclusions Overall, the heterogeneity in Fitbit use across PA intervention studies reflects its relative novelty in the field of research. As the use of monitoring devices continues to expand in PA research, the lack of uniformity in study protocols and metrics of reported measures represents a major issue for comparability purposes. There is a need for increased transparency in the prospective registration of PA intervention studies. Researchers need to provide a clear rationale for the use of several PA measures and specify the source of their main PA outcome and how additional measures will be used in the context of Fitbit-based interventions.
Modeling soil organic carbon as a function of topography and forest characteristics

BackgroundThe soil organic carbon (SOC), an important carbon pool among the five forest carbon pools, plays a crucial role in global carbon cycling. However, it is affected by various factors like topography and climate. Some studies conducted for smaller areas have shown a dependence of the SOC on altitude, but do not allow a general statement for larger regions. Nepal, which has the world's most dynamic terrain elevation, is ideally suited for studying the dependence of the SOC on altitude. ResultsWe found a significant correlation between SOC and altitude (r=0.81). In our study, altitude alone can explain about 66 percent of the variability of the SOC. On the basis of our data, we developed a model which, with altitude as the only independent variable, can predict around 61 percent of the SOC. Conclusions﻿Only altitude has been found to be a sound predictor of SOC at the national level. Other factors with potential impacts on SOC predictors such as crown cover, slope or basal area have only a minor contribution to the improvement of prediction accuracy of the model.
KERAGAMAN GENETIK KIMA KECIL (Tridacna maxima) DI PULAU KUR, PULAU BIAK, DAN MANADO SERTA IMPLIKASINYA UNTUK KONSERVASI

Giant clams are ecologically important bivalves in coral reefs. These marine organisms have been under anthropogenic pressures in almost all part of Indonesia. Even though this species is protected under Government Regulation (PP) No. 7, 1999, but the illegal harvesting is still happened. This not only caused the declining the number of individual and species, but also could lead to a decrease the genetic diversity of this species. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the genetic diversity of Tridacna maxima based on COI genetic markers from Kur Island, Biak Island and Manado. The study used 15 samples T. maxima from Kur Islan (This study) then compared with genbank data (11 samples from Biak and 8 samples from Manado). Sequence analysis of J.Lit. Perikan.Ind. Vol.26 No.3 September 2020:
Vibration Preconditioning as a Method to Reduce Hyperemia Responses to Plantar Pressure-Induced Ischemia

Background: One of the main causes for foot ulcers in diabetics is an excessive, constant load on the foot which over time leads to ischemia. The aim of this study is to explore whether vibration preconditioning can alleviate pressure-induced hyperemia responses in foot tissue.Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects were subjected to compression stimulation with or without vibration preconditioning, determined randomly. Skin blood flow and temperature were measured under the first metatarsal head of the right foot for each subject and compared across the test group.Results: The results showed that both test groups displayed a reactive hyperemia response, but the peak hyperemia was significantly decreased when vibration was used in combination with compression. In the group subjected to compression only (no vibration), the plantar skin temperature during the first minute after compression was significantly higher than the basal temperature, but this was not so when vibration was applied.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that vibration preconditioning before the application of compression can decrease the degree of reactive hyperemia and alleviate pressure-induced ischemic damage. These findings may be used to develop methods to protect against pressure-induced foot lesions in diabetic people.
The Role of TRPV1 Receptors in Vasoregulation

Transient Receptor Potential V1 (TRPV1) receptor is under investigation for several decades to develop a sensory neuron specific analgesic substance, but in contrary of the intense effort success is awaiting. A pile of experimental results gathered about the non-neural location of TRPV1 receptor in the last two decades. The physiological role of these receptor locations is not well understood and the pharmacological exploitation is not elaborated. The present review focuses on the role of TRPV1 receptors in vasoregulation and blood pressure homeostasis including Bezold-Jarisch reflex, baroreflex sensitivity, sensory neuron dependent vasodilation, vasoconstriction and visualization of receptors on by reporter mice.
Both Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Ameliorate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Even in the Absence of Weight Reduction in High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice

Background: This study aimed at analyzing how aerobic and resistance exercise without dietary restriction could affect fat accumulation in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice.Methods: Mice, divided into normal (CO) and high-fat diet (HF) groups, were fed normal or 60 % HFD diets for 8 weeks, respectively. The HF group was then subdivided into HFD + sedentary (HF), HFD + aerobic training (HFAT), and HFD + resistance training (HFRT) groups. The mice in the training groups underwent treadmill or ladder climbing training for 8 weeks.Results: Although the HFAT and HFRT group body weight did not decrease, fat mass significantly decreased in the training groups than that in the HF group. Liver triglyceride levels in the HF group significantly increased compared to the CO group while no significant difference was detected in the training groups. HFD significantly induced an increase of liver cannabinoid-1 receptor, Sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and fatty acid synthase. Both aerobic and resistance training significantly induced the increase of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase1, phosphor AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and p-AMPK/AMPK while inducing a decrease of liver SREBP-1. However, the type of exercise did not cause any significant difference.Conclusions: Both aerobic and resistance exercise effectively improved fat mass and NAFLD even without weight reduction in HFD-induced obese mice. Therefore, a selected sustainable type of exercise based on the fitness level, type of disease, musculoskeletal disorders status, and preference of subjects, would be the best exercise intervention for alleviating NAFLD.
The Impact of Dominant Predictors on University Students’ Creativity through Creative Self-efficacy in Shaanxi China: The Moderating Role of Motivation

Studies on creativity have identified critical individual and contextual variables that contribute to individuals’ creative performance. Ceative self-efficacy has also served as a critical mediating mechanism linking a variety of individual and contexual factors to people’s creative performance. However, the factors influence the relationship between creative self-efficacy and creativity have not yet been systematically investigated. In this study, the author explores potential processes that motivation moderate the relationship between creative self-efficacy and university students creativity under the effects of three dominant predictors like openness to experience, learning goal orientation and team learning behavior.
Prediction of Environmental Conditions for Maritime Navigation using a Network of Sensors: A Practical Application of Graph Neural Networks

This paper describes a real application of graphical neural networks (GNNs) in the dynamic estimation of spatially distributed buoys that are of central importance in maritime navigation. We describe the techniques we used to process both data and background knowledge about the domain, indicating why GNNs are particularly well suited for this sort of task. We report our empirical results, demonstrating that GNNs profitably use the avaible relational structure.