Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methods for evaluating the approproiateness and effectiveness of summative assessment via multiple choice examinations for technology-focused disciplines

We describe an overall approach to setting objectives which is based on Bloom’s taxonomy, then concentrate on the assessment of students at the Knowledge and Comprehension levels of that taxonomy, for which students may receive the minimum passing grade. Multiple-choice questions are a suitable way of assessing that level of competence. We analyze student performance on such an exam, using well established analysis techniques from the literature on multiple choice questions. The examination was found to have largely met its objectives, but some problems are noted.
Transition radiation excited by a load moving over the interface of two elastic layers

Transition radiation is emitted when a perturbation source (e.g., electric charge, mechanical load), which does not possess an inherent frequency, moves along a straight line at a constant velocity in or near an inhomogeneous medium. The phenomenon was described for the first time in electromagnetics, but it is universal from the physical point of view. Transition radiation of elastic waves is emitted, for example, by a train running on a conventional railway track. The wheels of the train excite elastic waves in the track due to inhomogeneities such as non-uniform subsoil. Transition radiation of elastic waves has been studied in several 1D and 2D elastic systems, but the radiation in an elastic continuum has only been described in an idealized model consisting of two half-planes with constant load that crosses the interface. Nevertheless, the study provided physical insight into the mechanism of transition radiation. Body waves as well as interface waves can be excited, and the radiation spectra of the former show peculiar directivities due to the coupling of the waves at the interface. Here, we describe transition radiation in a more realistic continuum model of two elastic layers with a free surface. The constant load now moves along the free surface and passes over the interface of the two layers. The major difference from the above-mentioned model is the possible radiation of free-surface (Rayleigh) waves. In both layers, the radiation fields consist of a summation of guided modes, and the fields are coupled at the interface. Orthogonality relations derived from the elastodynamic reciprocity theorem are used to find the modal coefficients. Based on the derived solution, the spectra of radiation energy and their directivities can be calculated.
Assessing relevance using automatically translated documents for cross-language information retrieval

This thesis focuses on the Relevance Feedback (RF) process, and the scenario considered is that of a Portuguese-English Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CUR) system. CUR deals with the retrieval of documents in one natural language in response to a query expressed in another language. RF is an automatic process for query reformulation. The idea behind it is that users are unlikely to produce perfect queries, especially if given just one attempt.The process aims at improving the queryspecification, which will lead to more relevant documents being retrieved. The method consists of asking the user to analyse an initial sample of documents retrieved in response to a query and judge them for relevance. In that context, two main questions were posed. The first one relates to the user's ability in assessing the relevance of texts in a foreign language, texts hand translated into their language and texts automatically translated into their language. The second question concerns the relationship between the accuracy of the participant's judgements and the improvement achieved through the RF process. In order to answer those questions, this work performed an experiment in which Portuguese speakers were asked to judge the relevance of English documents, documents hand-translated to Portuguese, and documents automatically translated to Portuguese. The results show that machine translation is as effective as hand translation in aiding users to assess relevance. In addition, the impact of misjudged documents on the performance of RF is overall just moderate, and varies greatly for different query topics. This work advances the existing research on RF by considering a CUR scenario and carrying out user experiments, which analyse aspects of RF and CUR that remained unexplored until now. The contributions of this work also include: the investigation of CUR using a new language pair; the design and implementation of a stemming algorithm for Portuguese; and the carrying out of several experiments using Latent Semantic Indexing which contribute data points to the CUR theory.
Using Formative Evaluations to Assess the Potential Value of Geospatial Decision Support Products During Development

Abstract : Geospatial Decision Support Products (GDSPs), computer-based tools that help interpret geospatial data, are ubiquitous within current military forces. Although GDSPs are used widely, and are generally perceived as useful, there is too little empirical evidence to assess the value of GDSPs to the warfighter. Achieving a better understanding of the potential value of GDSPs while they are still in development would help to prioritize scarce intellectual, physical, and monetary resources, and would result in having the most valuable GDSPs available to the warfighter. General experimental methods are well understood and have been used recently to evaluate GDSPs during development (e.g., Powell et al., 2009). However, it can take considerable time and effort to recruit the type and number of participants required to conduct experiments with adequate statistical power. This paper describes how formative evaluations emulating experiments in terms of hypotheses, scenarios, procedures, and measures, but using only a small number of subject matter experts (SMEs), can be used effectively to inform development decisions about the potential value of GDSPs. A case study in which a formative evaluation was used to inform development decisions for the Battlespace Terrain Reasoning and Awareness-Battle Command (BTRA-BC) Tactical Spatial Objects (TSOs) is presented to illustrate the method.
Retrieval of Parameters for Layered non-Smooth Interface Media: Theory and Experiment

Retrieval of Parameters for Layered non-Smooth Interface Media: Theory and Experiment by Yuriy M Goykhman Chair: Mahta Moghaddam Many naturally occurring or manmade objects can be modeled as three layer media with non-smooth interfaces. Most of the existing forward and inverse scattering models that can be applied to such media are either too inefficient or have limited regions of validity. In this dissertation an efficient forward scattering model based on the Extended Boundary Condition Method (EBCM) is developed for a three layer medium. The boundary between the first and the second layers is periodic while the boundary between the second and third layers is rough. The model is then extended by including an arbitrarily shaped cylinder placed into the third layer. Both TM and TE polarizations and PEC and Dielectric cylinder cases are considered. The Method of Moments (MOM) is used to obtain an impedance matrix, which is then transformed into a T-matrix. The T-matrix is transformed into a scattering matrix and cascaded with scattering matrices for the periodic and rough interfaces to obtain a generalized scattering matrix for the total system. A solution to the inverse problem for a three-layer medium is developed using simulated radar data. The retrieval of the layeredmedium parameters is accomplished by sequential nonlinear optimiza-
Integration of Point and Remote Sensing Data for Monitoring Surface Runoff around Madinah City, Saudi Arabia

In response to sporadic rainy storms, the fluvial catchments in the northern, eastern and southern regimes of Medina City produce surface runoff that varies in the frequency and magnitude. The determination of the most frequently flowing catchment(s) through each precipitation event and the spatial characteristics of surface runoff still represent gaps in understanding the hydrological processes associated with flash floods in arid environments. The lack of data in particular precipitation records at reliable temporal and spatial scales is considered one of the essential constraints in understanding these issues. The integration of point precipitation records and the multi-temporal satellite imagery such as LandSat TM and the Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission (TRMM) helped retrieve significant surface runoff events through two decades of the last century around Madinah City. The spectral signatures of surface runoff have been clearly identified from the optical remote sensing images acquired after each precipitation event. Investigating the spectral signatures of surface runoff along with its corresponding precipitation records from both Madinah climatic station and the TRMM monthly precipitation indicated that 1) there is no specific threshold of the amount of precipitation required for developing surface runoff; 2) while Madinah climatic station provided records of precipitation on the majority of surface runoff, it did not provide records on some monitored surface runoff events; 3) the spatial distribution and magnitude of the monthly precipitation of the TRMM images of 1998 have been conformed with all surface runoff events developed in W. Al-Aqeeq; and 4) W. Al-Aqeeq is considered the most frequently flowing valley around Madinah City because it developed surface runoff in response to all the precipitation events. These results emphasize the necessity of establishing a number of climatic and gauge stations in selective locations within the drainage basins around Madinah City. This proposition can facilitate studying the various rainfall and runoff characteristics for designing proper surface water harvesting strategy.
STRATÉGIES D'IDENTIFICATION DES NOMS PROPRES À PARTIR DE NOMENCLATURES MÉDICALES PARALLÈLES

Les domaines specialises comme la Medecine utilisent un grand nombre de noms propres dans leurs terminologies. L’objectif de ce travail est d’etudier les criteres permettant d’identifier les noms propres dans les termes medicaux, debouchant sur une strategie pour l’etude de nouvelles terminologies. Les criteres etudies portent sur la casse des caracteres, la presence dans plusieurs langues et l’emploi de patrons. Des filtres complementaires sont proposes pour ameliorer la precision de ces methodes. Plusieurs combinaisons de criteres ont ete testees qui permettent d’ameliorer aussi le rappel. Appliquees a deux terminologies medicales, cette methode d’identification des noms propres permet d’atteindre des valeurs de rappel et de precision de l’ordre de 86 % pour une terminologie et de 98 % pour l’autre. Les implications strategiques de ces resultats sont discutees. Some specialized domains, such as medicine, make extensive use of proper names in their terminology. The present work studies criteria which can help to classify words as proper names in biomedical terminologies. Useful characteristics include word capitalization, the presence of words in several translations and patterns in terms. Since no individual criterion achieves both high precision and high recall, we propose a combination of five criteria that allowed us to reach 86% precision and recall on one terminology and 98% on another one. Strategic implications are discussed.
Effect of mechanical deformation on thermoelectric properties of p-type (Bi 0.225 Sb 0.775 ) 2 Te 3 alloys

The effect of mechanical deformation and annealing on thermoelectric properties of p-type (Bi0.225Sb0.775)Te3 was performed. The ingots were prepared by melting, followed by quenching method using source materials with compositions of (Bi0.225Sb0.775)2Te3. Rectangular shaped specimens (5×5×12mm3) were cut from ingots and then cold-pressed at 700 M Pa for 2 to 20 times by changing the press direction perpendicular to previous one. The cold-pressed samples have been annealed in a quartz ampoule at 573 K. The grain size of the samples was controlled by the number of cold-pressing process and annealing time. Fine grain structure with a grain size of notmore than 10 µm is obtained in highly deformed samples. The Seebeck coefficient of the deformed samples were gradually increased with annealing and converged to the similar value of about 225 µV/K after 30 hrs. The small grain size in highly deformed sample enables a rapid increase of Seebeck coefficient with annealing time (∼2 hrs.), indicating that the thermal energy needed to recrystallize in highly deformed specimens is lower than that in low deformed specimens. Z values are rapidly increased with annealing time especially in highly deformed alloys, and converge to about 3.0 × 10-3/K at room temperature. A higher thermoelectric performance could be expected by the optimization of composition and microstructural adjustment. The present study experimentally demonstrates a simple and cost-effective method for fabricating Bi-Te-based alloyswith higher thermoelectric performance.
Human Face Detection In Visual Scenes Using Neural Networks

This paper presents a neural network based face detection system. Our objective is to design a system that can detect human faces in visual scenes at high searching speed and accuracy. We used a neural network with a simple structure but trained using face and non-face samples preprocessed by several methods (position normalization, histogram equalization etc) to attain high accuracy, then pruned the size of the neural network so that it could run faster and reduced the total search area of a target visual scene using skin color detector. Skin color detection assumes that faces reside only in skin color regions. The system designed, is made up of two parts: the face detecting system (FDS) that detects the faces (made up of the face locator, the down sampler, and the merger), and the searching speed improving system (SIS). Speed improvement is achieved by reduction of the size of the face locator (FL) network using structural learning with knowledge and by reducing the face search area using skin color detection system (SCD). Faster training of the neural networks was also achieved using variable step sizes.
Slicing Regression: A Link-Free Regression Method

Slicing Regression: A Link-Free Regression M e t h o d Author(s): Naihua Duan and K e r - C h a u L i S o u r c e : The Annals of Statistics, V o l . 19, N o . 2 ( T u n . , 1991), p p . 5 0 5 - 5 3 0 P u b l i s h e d b y : Institute of Mathematical Statistics S t a b l e U R L : http://www.jstor.org/stable/2242072~ Accessed: 16/05/2011 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher? publisherCode=ims. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org
Fundamentals of Mobile and Pervasive Computing

Chapter 1: Mobile Adaptive Computing Chapter 2: Mobility Management Chapter 3: Data Dissemination and Management Chapter 4: Context-Aware Computing Chapter 5: Introduction to Mobile Middleware Chapter 6: Middleware for Application Development: Adaptation and Agents Chapter 7: Service Discovery Middleware: Finding Needed Services Chapter 8: Introduction to Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Chapter 9: Challenges Chapter 10: Protocols Chapter 11: Approaches and Solutions Chapter 12: Wireless Security Chapter 13: Approaches to Security Chapter 14: Security in Wireless Personal Area Networks Chapter 15: Security in Wireless Local Area Networks Chapter 16: Security in Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (802.16) Chapter 17: Security in Wide Area Networks APPENDIX A: BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING APPENDIX B: QUESTIONS INDEX BIBLIOGRAPHY GLOSSARY REFERENCES
Using Software Generation and Repair for Cyber-Defense

Abstract : This work investigates the use of medium-grained synthetic diversity to inhibit an attacker s ability to identify and exploit weaknesses in a networked application. We specify the application and use formal refinements to generate numerous implementations that use different combinations of algorithms and data representations. By deploying different implementations we make it more difficult for an attacker to learn details about how any particular implementation works, what resources it uses and what operating system or network services it uses such information is a critical prerequisite for many cyber attacks. We also use semantic constraints in specifications and refinements to generate run-time monitors that can detect compromised data. The semantic information also enables either total or approximate repair of the data, allowing an application to recover from an attack. We also use formal transformations on specifications to augment data structures with additional semantic constraints to enhance monitoring and repair.
Power RISC System/6000 : concepts, facilities, and architecture

This work is a reference source for the POWER RS/6000 family of workstations. Starting with a comprehensive overview of hardware and software concepts from a user's perspective, the book then focuses on the facilities available in the operating system and hardware subsystems from a systems point of view. The text is suitable for application and systems programmers implementing AIX on RS/6000. It provides detailed discussions of hardware and software features, including: microchannel features in the RS/6000 platform; fixed and floating point architectures; cache memory organization; superscalar implementation; I/O subsystem organization; AIX operating system kernal structure and processes; data flow issues AIX file system design details; AIX memory and process management features; peripheral device configuration; networking interoperability options; CPU layout; and SCSI interface and related protocols. In addition, the book provides essential maintenance, diagnostic, troubleshooting and administrative procedures for the hardware and software subsystems.
Towards HPC++: A Unified Approach to Parallel Programming in C++

Abstract : Compositional C++ or CC++, is a general purpose parallel programming language designed to support a wide range of parallel programming styles. By adding six new keywords to C++, CC++ enables programmer to express many different types of parallelism. CC++ is designed to be a natural extension to C++, appropriate for parallelizing the range of applications that one would write in C++. CC++ supports the integration of different parallel programming styles in a single application. It was designed to provide efficient execution on a range of parallel computing platforms, including both shared and distributed memory computers.
Digital Straight Line Segment Recognition on Non-Standard Point Lattices

OC-DSSr is a digital straight line segment (DSS) recognition method in 3D non-Cartesian point lattices. A brief overview of image analysis is given, along with its relationship to digital geometry and non-Cartesian cubic lattices. The Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) and Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) lattices are reviewed. A digitization method-dependent definition of a DSS is used to develop OC-DSSr. The supercover digitization is used to digitize curves on non-Cartesian lattices. An extension to the supercover is proposed to achieve α-connectivity in non-Cartesian lattices. A new independent definition of a DSS is proposed, based on the presented recognition method.
The SceBaSy PlugIn for the Scenario-Based Synthesis of Real-Time Coordination Patterns for Mechatronic UML

The future generation of networked, technical applications demands support for the development of high quality software for the proper real-time coordination of safety-critical systems. In this paper, we present the SceBaSy plugin for the Fujaba Real-Time Tool Suite which supports the scenario-based synthesis of the real-time coordination patterns. Extending our approach for the compositional formal verification of Mechatronic UML models described by components and patterns [5], the plugin enables the designer to specify the required real-time coordination using multiple parameterized scenarios described by a subset of the UML 2.0 sequence diagram notation. In addition to the synthesis, comfortable analysis capabilities have been realized to guide the designer when conflicts between the different scenarios exist.
远离危险网站——Netcraft Toolbar

“网络钓鱼”（Phishing)越来越猖厥，稍微不小心就会被以假乱真的伪造网站骗走重要的个人信息或密码。 Netcraft Toolbar这个IE外挂程序虽然不能绝对保证你不会被骗，但是它却能让你提高警觉。 它能毫不间断地提供用户浏览网站的更新信息，帮助用户了解到受访网站的真实性和完整性，甚至还会阻止用户访问危险网站，让你放心上网。
Facilitating and Improving the Use of Web Services with Data Mining

Web services have recently received much attention in businesses. However, a number of challenges such as lack of experience in estimating the costs, lack of service innovation and monitoring, and lack of methods for locating appropriate services are to be resolved. One possible approach is by learning from the experiences in Web services and from other similar situations. Such a task requires the use of data mining to represent generalizations on common situations. This chapter examines how some of the issues of Web services can be addressed through data mining.
A lifelogging approach to automated market research

Market research companies spend large amounts of money carrying out time-intensive processes to gather information about peo- ple’s activities, such as the place they frequent and the activities in which they partake. Due to high costs and logistical difficulties, an automated approach to this practice is needed. In this work we present an automated market research system based on computer vision and machine learning algorithms with visual lifelogging data, developed in collaboration with Sponge It, a market research com- pany. Due to some image quality constraints associated with the Sense- cam, for our prototype system we developed a visual lifelogging device using an Android smartphone. This device can capture images at higher resolutions and with additional metadata, such as location information. The aim of this project is to analyse large collections of visual lifelogs and to support both ethnographic research and audience measurement for market research. Ethnographic research is supported by high level classification of images to capture the semantics of the users activities (e.g. socialising in bar, shopping, eating). Location, time and other con- texts are also analysed, and an interactive interface supports browsing and exploration of the data based on this analysis. The system can measure audience exposure to specific advertising cam- paigns, using object recognition algorithms to automatically detect the presence of known logos in life logging images. This combination of con- cept classification for ethnographic research and object recognition for audience exposure represents a very powerful tool from a market research perspective.