Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The opposite mechano-response of paxillin phosphorylation between subcellular and whole-cell levels is explained by a minimal model of cell-substrate adhesions

Cell-substrate adhesions are a mechanosensitive protein complex that regulates various cellular functions. Molecular mechanisms underlying the physical force-dependent regulation remain elusive partly because endogenous forces are distributed in a spatially heterogeneous manner within cells, thus complicating the interpretation on the effect of forces. Here we use a micropatterning technique to focus spatially distributed intracellular contractile forces onto a particular subcellular area, with which mechanical and pharmacological effects are separately analyzed. Single human osteosarcoma U2OS cells were plated within square micropatterns, and phosphorylation of an adhesion-associated adaptor protein paxillin was analyzed. Paxillin, visualized with immunostaining, was highly accumulated in the proximity of the corners of the square micropatterns where cellular forces are concentrated, but the huge paxillin-labeled adhesions were less phosphorylated compared to those present elsewhere as a small patch. Pharmacological inhibition of the endogenous forces resulted in disassembly of the huge dephoshorylated paxillin clusters; in contrast, the small, highly phosphorylated paxillin patches persisted. Similar negative regulation of paxillin phosphorylation is also induced upon loading of exogenous forces. Unexpectedly, on the other hand, immunoblot of cell lysates showed a tendency of a reduction in paxillin phosphorylation upon the same pharmacological inhibition of the endogenous forces. Thus, the response of paxillin phosphorylation to mechanical forces was the opposite between the immunostaining and immunoblot data; i.e., the phosphorylation is reduced and enhanced at subcellular level and whole-cell level, respectively, in response to loading of mechanical forces. To reconcile the contradictory results, we submit a simple model that is consistent with not only the present but also previous reports on the regulation of paxillin. The model implies that similar opposite response can generally emerge if the protein activation is negatively regulated at a local place while the activation trigger alters the assembly of the protein to the local place.
A longitudinal analysis of social class and adolescent prosocial behaviour: a latent growth model approach (Un análisis longitudinal de clase social y conducta prosocial adolescente: un enfoque de modelo de crecimiento latente)

ABSTRACT The current research used longitudinal data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,091) to examine the link between social class and prosocial behaviour from third grade to sixth grade. Latent growth modelling found that adolescents from families with increased income-to-needs ratio tended to experience an increase in prosocial behaviour from third grade to sixth grade; adolescents from families with high income-to-needs ratio in third grade were more likely to be identified as the class of high initial with decrease; adolescents in the profile of high initial with decrease tended to be more prosocial in each grade and came from families with higher levels of income-to-needs ratio, higher parental education and higher parental occupation. Implications and future directions were presented.
Emerging Adults’ Discursive Construction of Work/Partnership Boundary Strategies

During emerging adulthood, a central work/life challenge is the simultaneous negotiation of work and romantic involvements. The present study employed Relational Dialectics Theory 2.0 (RDT 2.0) to examine college-enrolled emerging adults’ communicative sensemaking about work/partnership boundary strategies. Interviews with 28 emerging adults were analyzed using contrapuntal analysis. Segmentation strategies – such as limiting or compartmentalizing relational obligations – were constructed both as pragmatic means to advance individualistic pursuits, and as a form of temporary sacrifice for long-term relational viability. Integration strategies were rendered meaningful through the lens of enrichment, whereby the “right” romantic partner enables individuals’ occupational development and ideal worker performance.
A 3D-auditory environment for hierarchical navigation in non-visual interaction

This report describes the development of a generic, reusable spatial auditory environment, which combines a spatial auditory display derived by processing sound sources with head-related transfer functions, with gesture and speech-based input techniques. The spatial auditory environment is structured in a "ring topology", where the user is surrounded by a virtual "ring" containing auditory interaction objects. Auditory objects can be reviewed and selected by using 3D-pointing, hand gestures or speech recognition input, providing a multi-modal direct-manipulation method for the exploration of auditory interaction objects. Interaction processes are supported by different classes of spatial non-speech and speech audio cues that provide an immediate auditory feedback on different user activities. This auditory environment is used to implement a hierarchical navigation dialogue in a multimedia nonvisual interaction toolkit that is currently under development.
Latest practical notes and recent lessons learned on compressor design, specifying and operation

Abstract Latest achievements, new guidelines and modern methods on specifying, selection, design, installation, operation and maintenance of centrifugal compressor trains are discussed. The goal is an optimum compressor train arrangement considering performance, reliability and commercial conditions. The focus is to explain latest technologies and recent methods to obtain the lowest ‘Total Cost of Ownership’. Critical areas related to mechanical design, reliability and performance of centrifugal compressors including operating map, torsional studies, process considerations, shop test and others are discussed. A case study is also presented for the torsional study of a complex multi-casing centrifugal compressor train.
Factors Related to Depression among Caregivers Attending Post-Ischemic Stroke Patients

BACKGROUND: Stroke is known as chronic disease, leading to disability which makes help from caregivers become necessary. Attending stroke patients possess certain challenges and burdens toward the caregivers. AIM: We aim to investigate risk factors related to depression among caregivers attending post-ischemic stroke. METHODS: Eighty-three caregivers and post-ischemic stroke patients were collected consecutively from the Neurology Department of Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. Linear regression was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Our multivariate study shows that patient’s age, caregiver’s gender, patient’s gender, and modified Barthel Index are associated with depression with adjusted R2 of 59.3%. CONCLUSION: Early detection and intervention should be addressed regularly for caregivers attending post-stroke patients.
The COVID-19 Pandemic, Stay-at-Home Orders, and Gun Violence: A Story of Two Cities

This study examines the impact of the pandemic on gun violence in Philadelphia and Washington DC. Interrupted time-series analysis is used to examine weekly data from January 2017 to March 2021. Robust diagnostic checks confirm the validity of the fitted models. There were significant increases in gun violence during the pandemic, especially in the staged relaxation of social distancing. The timing of the increases in gun violence varies by location and fatality. Criminal justice agencies should place more attention and reallocate resources on gun violence in a timely manner in the volatile state of the nation. Finally, this study concludes with a discussion of the findings, limitations, and implications for future research.
Effects of Harvest Maturity on the Chemical and Energetic Properties of Corn Stover Biomass Combustion

Over the last decade, there has been increased interest in applying biomass as a raw material for producing biofuels used for thermochemical conversions. Extensive use of biomass could lead to controversial competition for arable land, water, and food; therefore, only waste materials and agricultural by-products and residues should be used to produce biofuels. One suitable by-product of agricultural production is crop residue from the harvest of maize for grain (corn stover). The harvest residues of corn stover consist of four fractions, i.e., husks, leaves, cobs, and stalks, which are structurally and morphologically distinct. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of selected maize cultivars with distinct FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) earliness classifications on the chemical and energetic properties of their corn cob cores. We determined the chemical properties based on elemental analysis, and the energy properties based on the heat of combustion and calorific values. The content of ash and volatile compounds in the corn cobs were also determined. The results indicated that the heat of combustion of fresh and seasoned corn cob cores ranged from 7.62–10.79 MJ/kg and 16.19–16.53 MJ/kg, respectively. The heat of combustion and calorific value of corn cob cores in the fresh state differed significantly and were strongly correlated with maize cultivars with distinct FAO earliness.
Examining the Relationship Between Sleep Quality, Social Functioning, and Behavior Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Abstract Over forty percent of autistic children experience poor sleep quality, and social interaction difficulties are a core characteristic of autism. However, the relationship between sleep quality and social functioning and behavior remains poorly understood. This systematic review examined the evidence concerning the impact of sleep quality on the social functioning and behavior problems in autistic children and adolescents. It also identified key related factors and evaluated how this issue has been researched to date. Seven key journals were hand-searched and five databases were systematically searched, using keywords. Titles and abstracts of 4123 items were screened against eligibility criteria by two researchers. Relevant studies were retained if they were peer-reviewed empirical papers, published in English between 2000 and 2021. Then, the full text of 97 papers was screened and if they met the eligibility criteria, their reference lists were hand-searched. Forty-six studies were included in the final review. Data were systematically extracted and two authors critically appraised the strengths and weaknesses of studies using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools. Key themes were identified, because a meta-analysis was not possible due to the studies’ heterogeneity. The review identified that sleep quality and social functioning are associated with one another and there is a small amount of evidence that a bi-directional causal relationship may exist. Evidence suggests that several nights of suboptimal sleep duration and a lack of deep continuous sleep negatively impact externalizing and internalizing behavior. Sleep quality is also reduced by anxiety and sensory sensitivity. However, longitudinal studies with larger samples are needed to establish causality. Future research needs to examine confounding factors and to develop consensus regarding best-practice processes for the objective measurement of sleep with autistic children. Additional research also needs to further examine the consequences of poor sleep quality on internalizing behavior, and the impact of socio-cultural practices.
The Need for Standardization in Next-Generation Sequencing Studies for Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) constitutes a B cell-derived neoplasm defined by a scarce tumoral population, termed Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells, submerged into a histologically heterogeneous microenvironment. The paucity of HRS cells has historically hampered genetic studies, rendering the identification of the recurrent genetic lesions and molecular pathways deregulated in this lymphoma difficult. The advent of high-throughput sequencing methods such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) could sensibly optimize the identification of the mutational landscape of cHL. However, there is no current consensus either in the design of panels for targeted NGS or in its most relevant clinical applications. In this work, we systematically review the current state of NGS studies of cHL, stressing the need for standardization both in the candidate genes to be analyzed and the bioinformatic pipelines. As different institutions have developed and implemented their own customized NGS-based protocols, to compare and systematically review the major findings of this ongoing research area could be of added value for centers that routinely perform diagnostic, monitoring and genotyping strategies in cHL samples. The results of this systematic review should contribute to the interdepartmental harmonization and achievement of a consensus in the current clinical applications of NGS studies of cHL.
The Overexpression of TOB1 Induces Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells by Secreting Exosomes

We previously confirmed that transducer of ERBB2, 1 (TOB1) gene, can induce autophagy in gastric cancer cells. Studies have shown the biogenesis of exosomes overlaps with different autophagy processes, which helps to maintain the self-renewal and homeostasis of body cells. This study is aimed at verifying whether overexpressing TOB1 induces autophagy by secreting exosomes in gastric cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms. Differential ultracentrifugation was used to extracted the exosomes from the culture medium of gastric cancer cell line AGS-TOB1 ectopically overexpressing TOB1 (exo-AGS-TOB1, experimental group) and AGS-empty-vector cell line with low expression of endogenous TOB1 (exo-AGS-Vector, control group). Exosomal markers CD9 and TSG101 were determined in both the cell supernatants of exo-AGS-TOB1 and exo-AGS-Vector by Western blot. Under the transmission electron microscope (TEM), the exosomes were round and saucer-like vesicles with double-layer membrane structure, and the vesicles showed different translucency due to different contents. The peak size of exosomes detected by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was about 100 nm. When the exosomes of exo-AGS-TOB1 and exo-AGS-Vector were cocultured with TOB1 knockdown gastric cancer cell line HGC-27-TOB1-6E12 for 48 hours, the conversion of autophagy-related protein LC3-I to LC3-II in HGC-27-TOB1-6E12 gastric cancer cells cocultured with exo-AGS-TOB1 was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was statistically different (P < 0.05). More autophagosomes in HGC-27-TOB1-6E12 cells cocultured with exo-AGS-TOB1 for 48 hours were observed under TEM, while fewer autophagosomes were found in the control group. Lastly, miRNAs were differentially expressed by cell supernatant-exosomal whole transcriptome sequencing. Thus, our results provide new insights into TOB1-induced autophagy in gastric cancer.
Psychological Interventions and Bariatric Surgery among People with Clinically Severe Obesity—A Systematic Review with Bayesian Meta-Analysis

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of perioperative psychological interventions provided to patients with clinically severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery regarding weight loss, BMI, quality of life, and psychosocial health using the Bayesian approach. Methods: We considered randomised trials that assessed the beneficial and harmful effects of perioperative psychological interventions in people with clinically severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. We searched four data sources from inception to 3 October 2021. The authors independently selected studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We conducted a meta-analysis using a Bayesian approach. PROSPERO: CRD42017077724. Results: Of 13,355 identified records, we included nine studies (published in 27 papers with 1060 participants (365 males; 693 females, 2 people with missing data)). Perioperative psychological interventions may provide little or no benefit for BMI (the last reported follow-up: MD [95% credible intervals] = −0.58 [−1.32, 0.15]; BF01 = 0.65; 7 studies; very low certainty of evidence) and weight loss (the last reported follow-up: MD = −0.50 [−2.21, 0.77]; BF01 = 1.24, 9 studies, very low certainty of evidence). Regarding psychosocial outcomes, the direction of the effect was mainly inconsistent, and the certainty of the evidence was low to very low. Conclusions: Evidence is anecdotal according to Bayesian factors and uncertain whether perioperative psychological interventions may affect weight-related and psychosocial outcomes in people with clinically severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. As the results are ambiguous, we suggest conducting more high-quality studies in the field to estimate the true effect, its direction, and improve confidence in the body of evidence.
miR-135a Targets SMAD2 to Promote Osteosarcoma Proliferation and Migration

Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that commonly occurs in adults and adolescents. The objectives of this work were to verify the role of microRNA- (miR-) 135a in OS and determine whether it can regulate the growth and cellular migration of OS by targeting mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2). miR-135a and SMAD2 mRNA expression levels were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Proliferation and migration of cells were studied using the Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU staining, and transwell invasion experiment. Additionally, a dual-luciferase reporter experiment was used to investigate the possible relationship between miR-135a and SMAD2's 3′-UTR. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to examine the expressions of SMAD2 and Ki67 in mouse tumor tissues to determine the influence of miR-135a on cancer progression in vivo. miR-135a was shown to be elevated in OS tissue samples as well as five cell lines. High expression levels of miR-135a were correlated with poor prognosis of OS patients. Cellular proliferation and migration were promoted by the upregulation of miR-135a with miR mimics; however, this effect was inhibited by SMAD2 overexpression. miR-135a was also shown to directly target the 3′-UTR of SMAD2. Animal experiments also demonstrated that miR-135a downregulation had an inhibitory effect on tumor growth in vivo. High expression levels of miR-135a promoted transplanted tumor development in vivo and the proliferation and migration of OS cells by targeting SMAD2. In summary, miR-135a may be a prospective therapeutic target for OS in the future.
Current Harmonics Analysis and Design for Load-Independent ZVS Single-Switch Resonant DC/DC Converter

This article presents a new design theory named current harmonics analysis (CHA) for designing load-independent zero voltage switching (LI-ZVS) single-switch resonant dc/dc converters. Compared to the traditional VDS shaping analysis method, the proposed CHA adopts frequency-domain harmonic analysis to eliminate the mathematical iterations and improves ZVS load variation range. The relation between circuit parameters and LI-ZVS characteristics is investigated and discussed. A step-by-step design procedure is developed for the proposed method. Furthermore, the VDS stress is investigated for better engineer practices and its alleviation method without degradation on ZVS feature is proposed and implemented. At last, to validate the design theory, a prototype with single-switch parallel resonant topology, operating at 20-MHz switching frequency for lithium battery chargers is designed, implemented, and verified experimentally. The measured results show a ZVS operation characteristic with a load variation range of 100 times by employing the proposed CHA method, while achieving a conversion efficiency of 92% in a wide load range. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the widest ZVS load variation range compared to previously reported converters.
Effects of Robotic Interactive Gait Training Combined with Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality on Balance, Gross Motor Function, Gait Kinetic, and Kinematic Characteristics in Angelman Syndrome: A Case Report

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurological disorder resulting in cognitive and neuromuscular impairments, such as lack of safety awareness and attention, as well as lack of balance and locomotor control. The robotic interactive gait training (RIGT) system is designed to provide accurate proprioceptive, kinematic, and kinetic feedback, and facilitate virtual reality and augmented reality (VR-AR) interactive exercises during gait training. In the present case report, we examined the effect of an innovative hip-knee-ankle interlimb-coordinated RIGT system. We utilized this therapeutic modality in a participant with Angelman syndrome (AS). Gross motor function measures, risk of fall, and gait-related kinetic (force), and kinematic (joint angle) biomechanical characteristics were assessed before and after 20 sessions of RIGT with VR-AR. We found RIGT with VR-AT improved gait ability, as shown by Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment score, gross motor function by Gross Motor Function Measure score, balance by Pediatric Balance Scale score, knee and hip joint kinetics, and kinematics during gait. Our clinical and biomechanical evidence provide important clinical insights to improve the effectiveness of current neurorehabilitation approaches for treating patients with AS in balance and locomotor control and reduce the risk of falling.
Performance Evaluation of Upholstery Fabric Developed from Recycled Fibres

The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of upholstery fabric produced from recycled hard waste of coloured fabric clippings. Mélange yarns were formed with the combination of red, green, black and yellow in different ratios. Five yarn samples of 5 Nec linear density were produced from each blend ratio using the rotor spinning technique. These yarns were used to develop fabric samples in a satin weave. These yarn and fabric samples were investigated for different quality parameters, especially the abrasion resistance, pilling resistance, absorbency and light fastness of the fabrics as per standard test methods. The abrasion test is important for the durability and longer-lasting performance of upholstery fabric. From the analysis of test results, it is concluded that all the serviceability properties are in a good range, and these fabrics can be used for waiting room area upholstery fabric
A Robust Fire Detection Model via Convolution Neural Networks for Intelligent Robot Vision Sensing

Accurate fire identification can help to control fires. Traditional fire detection methods are mainly based on temperature or smoke detectors. These detectors are susceptible to damage or interference from the outside environment. Meanwhile, most of the current deep learning methods are less discriminative with respect to dynamic fire and have lower detection precision when a fire changes. Therefore, we propose a dynamic convolution YOLOv5 fire detection method using a video sequence. Our method first uses the K-mean++ algorithm to optimize anchor box clustering; this significantly reduces the rate of classification error. Then, the dynamic convolution is introduced into the convolution layer of YOLOv5. Finally, pruning of the network heads of YOLOv5’s neck and head is carried out to improve the detection speed. Experimental results verify that the proposed dynamic convolution YOLOv5 fire detection method demonstrates better performance than the YOLOv5 method in recall, precision and F1-score. In particular, compared with three other deep learning methods, the precision of the proposed algorithm is improved by 13.7%, 10.8% and 6.1%, respectively, while the F1-score is improved by 15.8%, 12% and 3.8%, respectively. The method described in this paper is applicable not only to short-range indoor fire identification but also to long-range outdoor fire detection.