Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights into Optical Probes Based on Aggregation‐Induced Emission: from Restriction of Intramolecular Motions to Dark State

Since the exposure of the concept of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) to the scientific community in 2001, AIE fluorophores attract much attention for biological imaging, detection, and advanced material fabrications. Some efforts have been devoted to the mechanism studies on the luminescence nature of AIE fluorophores. Restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM) can explain the luminescence mechanism at a relatively large level and has been recognized as the general working mechanism of AIE. To disclose the connotation of the RIM mechanism, an in‐depth study to elucidate the dark state of AIE molecules is needed. In this review, the recent progress of luminescence quenching mechanisms for AIE molecules is summarized and compendiously categorized into four parts, which are: restriction of access to dark state (RADS), restricted access to a conical intersection (RACI), restrict molecules from entering twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state, and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) coupled with TICT state, respectively. These insights and systematical elucidation of the emission quenching in the view of dark state are of great significance for fundamental understanding. It is hoped that this feature article will attract more researcher's interests and open up new vistas for the development of aggregate science.
Independent and state school partnerships (ISSPs) in England: systemic tensions and contemporary policy resolutions

ABSTRACT English education has a long-standing parallel but unequal school system. State-maintained schools are free of charge for attendees; independent schools are free from state control and funded largely by fees. Most independent schools hold charitable status which benefits them in relation to taxation although they cater largely for socially advantaged students. Various governments have enacted different policies to try to rebalance some of these systemic educational tensions. This paper examines how the independent and state school partnerships (ISSP) policy seeks to rebalance, or provide some compensation for, independent schools' charitable status through the requirement that they provide ‘public benefit’. In ISSPs, schools from the two sectors work together on dedicated activities, sharing resources and expertise. Drawing on data from three telling cases, we argue that ISSP policy may deliver some localised benefits to both types of schools but that these relationships are unlikely to produce any major structural changes.
Achieving Sustainable Urban Development with an Ageing Population: An “Age-Friendly City and Community” Approach

The ageing population tends to be seen as a burden of cities’ future development. Thus, the public funds for older residents’ wellbeing are at risk of being cut back under the economic austerity due to the prevalent neoliberalism policy atmosphere. However, some cities set good examples to turn their older citizens into active contributors to sustainable urban development (SUD) by developing age-friendly cities and communities (AFCC). Taking Hong Kong as an example, this study aims to raise a strategy for policymakers, especially at the municipal level, to incorporate the concept of AFCC in SUD. Data were retrieved for our analysis from a published report of the Hong Kong Public Policy Research Fund project. A total of 15 AFCC and SUD policy factors were identified by using factor analysis. The correlations between these policy factors were evaluated and visualised in a synergetic effect network. According to the network, this study indicates that developing the silver hair market can be a suitable entry point to realise SUD by adopting an AFCC development. Isolation prevention, social sustainability and low-energy-consumption development are the supportive policy factors for the silver hair market. Specifically, respect, discrimination prevention, communication and information, age-friendly facilities, environmental safety and public transportation accessibility are five AFCC policy factors incorporated in the policy integration to enhance older residents’ wellbeing further. This study is an innovative attempt to develop a comprehensive model for the synergy between sustainable urban development and an age-friendly city and community using a correlation network. This study also provides a reference for other city governments to respond to population ageing positively.
Modeling ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) distribution in the southern limits in Brazil

ABSTRACT Ocelot is a Neotropical wildcat with a broad geographic distribution. The southernmost region of its distribution is an ecotone zone between biomes Atlantic Forest and Pampa in Brazil. Ocelot is rarely seen in this region, especially in the Pampa, being one of the most endangered wildcats in this region. The objective of this study is to predict the potential distribution of ocelots in the southern limit of it known distribution and to measure the percentage of protected areas coverage. We collected 24 records of the species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and we modeled the potential distribution using seven distinct algorithms tested using two evaluation metrics (TSS and AUC). The variables with the highest percentage contribution to the models were: BIO8, BIO19, BIO7 (related to temperature and precipitation) and NDVI. Additionally, we observed that of the areas considered most suitable for the species (8,388 km2), only (39 km2 or 0.46%) were included in the protected areas and these were primarily located in the Atlantic Forest biome. By contrast, the most suitable areas for the species in the Pampa biome were not covered by protected areas. We consider this to be a serious issue considering the species is endangered in the state.
Implementasi Akreditasi dalam Perspektif Guru dan Kepala Sekolah di Yogyakarta

Implementasi penjaminan mutu sekolah berbasis akreditasi merupakan salah satu bentuk penjaminan mutu yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah secara komprehensif, oleh sebab itu semua sekolah/madrasah wajib melakukan reakreditasi sekolah setiap lima tahun sekali. Hasil akreditasi menjadi gambaran kualitas sekolah secara umum yang dengan mudah dibaca oleh masyarakat. Dalam hal ini, guru dan kepala sekolah merupakan orang-orang yang secara langsung mengalami pelaksanaan kebijakan akreditasi dari pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi implementasi penjaminan mutu sekolah berbasis akreditasi di Yogyakarta menurut persepsi guru dan kepala sekolah. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode survei. Sampel penelitian kuantitatif ditentukan secara random dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 410 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data kuantitatif menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan secara online mulai bulan Maret-Juni 2021. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mayoritas para guru dan kepala sekolah memiliki persepsi positif tentang implementasi akreditasi sekolah sebagai salah satu cara untuk menjamin mutu pendidikan di sekolah. Persepsi positif ini merupakan salah satu factor pendukung untuk terjadinya peningkatan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap hasil akreditasi sebagai basis ukuran mutu sekolah di Indonesia.
4-Aminoalkyl Quinolin-2-one Derivatives via Knorr Cyclisation of ω-Amino-β-Keto Anilides

In a high-yielding and solvent-free procedure N-ethoxycarbonyl protected ω-amino-β-keto anilides undergo Knorr cyclisation in neat polyphosphoric acid to provide straightforward route to 4-aminoalkyl quinolin-2-one derivatives with variable length of the alkyl chain.
High toughness, thermal resistance and excellent dielectric properties phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin modified by hyperbranched polyimide

Purpose Phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin (PEVER) is an advanced resin matrix, which has excellent heat resistance, electrical insulation. However, the brittleness and poor toughness of its curing product limited its application, so this paper aims to modify the PEVER with hyperbranched polyimide (HBPI), so as to enhance the toughness, heat resistance and dielectric properties of PEVER. Design/methodology/approach Hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer was used as the central reactant. Methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride was used as the branching unit, stannous octoate was used as the catalyst and hydroquinone was prepared as the inhibitor. Then, the hyperbranched structure of HBPI was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and 13C-NMR. Next, PEVER was mixed with different contents of HBPI, and then the authors tested its curing product. Findings It is found that with the addition of HBPI, the free volume of the system was increased and the content of polar groups was decreased in each unit space, so the dielectric constant (ε) and the dielectric loss (tanδ) were decreased. In addition, PEVER could be well toughened by HBPI and the thermal stability of PEVER was improved. Originality/value HBPI has excellent heat resistance. The addition of hyperbranched polymer increases the free volume of the system so it can slow down the transfer of stress and its nearly circular structure can absorb the impact energy from all directions. Moreover, an appropriate amount of free volume can decrease the dielectric constant of PEVER by reducing the content of polar groups.
A Reconfigurable Multirobot Cooperation Workcell for Personalized Manufacturing

Most robotic systems designed for mass manufacturing are optimized for a specific type of product. They generally lack the ability to adapt to low-volume customized products. In this article, we present a system based on a modular design for manufacturing personalized medical stent graft implants. The concept is based on learning-by-demonstration by integrating real-time 3-D vision, multirobot collaboration, and personalization to guide the robots to learn and execute tasks continuously with adaptation to different implant geometry. The system is optimized to generate customized and collision-free paths for efficient object manipulation and task completion. We show that the system is generalizable to different stent graft designs and the proposed multirobot system can seamlessly work together with high efficiency without collisions. The results have also suggested its usability for other manipulation tasks, especially for flexible production of customized products where bimanual or multirobot cooperation is required. Note to Practitioners—The motivation of this article is the problem of automatic sewing of personalized stent grafts (a tailor-made artificial vessel). Existing personalized stent grafts are mostly hand sewn, which is time consuming and often undersupplied. Automating such process can significantly improve the production and this requires a sewing system that can handle different designs. This article suggests a new schema to design a robotic system to handle personalized designs. The first methodology is modularized design to separate the task into a repetitive part and a personalized part, each handled by a module. The second methodology is to find the best relative pose between the modules such that the robots can complete their task within their working space and with minimum motion. This ensures that a stent graft can be sewn feasibly and with the lowest cost. Computational results show this approach can find optimal solution for different personalized stent grafts and preliminary on robot experiment verifies that this approach is feasible. Please note that this approach is not limited to sewing personalized stent graft. The schema can be applied to solve similar problem of customized product motion planning and system design.
Mega Satellite Constellation System Optimization: From a Network Control Structure Perspective

The network control plays a vital role in the mega satellite constellation (MSC) to coordinate massive network nodes to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of operations and services for future space wireless communications networks. One of the critical issues in satellite network control is how to design an optimal network control structure (ONCS) by configuring the least number of controllers to achieve efficient control interaction within a limited number of hops. Considering the wide coverage, rising capacity, and no geographical constraints of space platforms, this paper contributes to designing the ONCS by constructing an optimal space control network (SCN) to improve the temporal effectiveness of network control. Specifically, we formulate the optimal SCN construction problem from the perspective of satellite coverage factors, and apply geometric topology analysis to derive both the conditions for constructing the optimal SCN and the formulaic conclusions for SCN and MSC configurations (i.e., scale and structure). From numerical results, we investigate the tradeoff between network scale, the number of controllers, and control delays in several satellite network control scenarios, to provide guidelines for the MSC control. We also design the optimal SCN for an existing MSC system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ONCS.
Demonstration of Optical Microscopy and Image Processing to Classify Respirable Coal Mine Dust Particles

Respirable coal mine dust represents a serious health hazard for miners. Monitoring methods are needed that enable fractionation of dust into its primary components, and that do so in real time. Near the production face, a simple capability to monitor the coal versus mineral dust fractions would be highly valuable for tracking changes in dust sources—and supporting timely responses in terms of dust controls or other interventions to reduce exposures. In this work, the premise of dust monitoring with polarized light microscopy was explored. Using images of coal and representative mineral particles (kaolinite, crystalline silica, and limestone rock dust), a model was built to exploit birefringence of the mineral particles and effectively separate them from the coal. The model showed >95% accuracy on a test dataset with known particles. For composite samples containing both coal and minerals, the model also showed a very good agreement with results from the scanning electron microscopy classification, which was used as a reference method. Results could further the concept of a “cell phone microscope” type monitor for semi-continuous measurements in coal mines.
Influence of Si and Al contents and isothermal treatment condition on the microstructure and tensile properties in ultra-high strength Fe-0.2C-2.0Mn martensite-bainite complex phase steels

: This study investigated the influence of partial replacement of Si by Al on the microstructure and tensile properties of ultra-high strength steels with martensite-bainite complex microstructure produced by austenitization and subsequent isothermal heat treatment around M s temperature. When the isothermal heat treatment was done below the M s temperature, the fraction of martensite increased with the lower isothermal temperature, but the fractions of constituent phases in the final microstructure were not significantly affected by the partial replacement of Si by Al. Nevertheless, the increase in Al content in the complex phase steel accelerated the bainite transformation, which is thought to be associated with the increase of the free energy difference between FCC and BCC. The enhancement of the bainite transformation not only effectively suppressed the martensite formation upon final cooling when the isothermal temperature was above the M s temperature but also helped refine the final microstructure when subjected to isothermal heat treatment below the M s temperature. The yield strengths of the investigated complex phase steels were little influenced by the partial replacement of Si with Al, as long as the fractions of the constituent phases were comparable. This possibly originates with the solid solution hardening and the microstructure refinement with Al addition.
Comparative Application of Time-Frequency Methods on Strong Motion Signals

Real-world physical signals are commonly nonstationary, and their frequency details change with time and do not remain constant. Fourier transform that uses infinite sine/cosine waves as basis functions represents frequency constituents of signals but does not show the variations of the signal frequency contents over time. Multiresolution demonstration of the time-frequency domain may be achieved by the techniques that can support adjustable resolution in time and frequency. Earthquake strong motion signals are nonstationary and indicate time-varying frequency content due to the scattering from the source to the site. In this paper, we applied short-time Fourier transform, S-transform, continuous wavelet transform, fast discrete wavelet transform, synchrosqueezing transform, synchroextracting transform, continuous wavelet synchrosqueezing, filter bank synchrosqueezing, empirical mode decomposition, and Fourier decomposition methods on the near-source strong motion signals from the 7 May 2020 Mosha-Iran earthquake to study and compare the frequency content of this event estimated by these methods. According to the results that are examined by Renyi entropy and relative error, synchroextracting performed better in terms of energy concentration, and the Fourier decomposition method revealed the lowest difference between the original and reconstructed records.
Effect of Concentration of Mo on The Mechanical Behavior of UMo Fuel: An Atomistic Study

We performed molecular dynamics simulation on nanoindentation of Uranium Molybdenum alloys using spherical indenter. A ternary potential developed for UMoXe was utilized. We calculated the updated values for hardness and reduced elastic modulus at different concentrations of Mo. The whole process of deformation and dislocation analysis was visualized using OVITO. We found an increase in deformation with increase in stress while dislocations are not found anyhow induced defects have been distributed throughout the simulation cell randomly. The increase in concentration affected the hardness and reduced elastic modulus significantly.
Can a communication assessment provide a reliable indication of a child’s communication at interview?

ABSTRACT Criminal justice systems rely heavily upon spoken language. This presents significant barriers for young witnesses who may have difficulty putting their experiences into words. In order to give their best evidence these witnesses may require additional scaffolding during an investigative interview. The current study is the first to examine the efficacy of ‘Unpacking the Box’ – a tool used by police officers and intermediaries to assess children’s communication abilities and determine the nature of scaffolding required. The study involved children, aged four to nine, taking part in a staged event. The children were allocated to one of three experimental conditions (assessment, no assessment, colouring). One week later, the children were interviewed about their experiences. Prior to the interviews, predictions were made regarding the children’s interview performance. The predictions for the children in the assessment condition were based on the findings of an ‘Unpacking the Box’ assessment. As for the children in the other conditions the predictions were based on professional judgement. The analysis looked at how closely the predictions reflected the children’s interview performance. Communication assessments were found to be superior to professional judgement in ascertaining a child’s abilities; thus, enabling interviewers to conduct more effective interviews with children.
Improving nighttime periocular recognition performance by image superresolution

Recognition of individual identity using the periocular region (i.e., periocular recognition) has emerged as a relatively new modality of biometrics and is a potential substitute for face recognition when facial occlusion happens, e.g., when wearing a mask. Moreover, many application scenarios occur at nighttime, such as nighttime surveillance in law reinforcement. We therefore study the topic of periocular recognition at nighttime using the infrared spectrum. However, the useful and effective area for periocular recognition is quite limited compared to that of face recognition since only the eyes are exposed. As a result, the performance of periocular recognition algorithms is relatively low. This issue of limited area poses a serious challenge even though many state-of-the-art face recognition algorithms yield high performance. This situation is even more deteriorated when periocular recognition is performed at nighttime. Thus, we in this paper propose an image super-resolution (SR) based technique for nighttime periocular recognition in which we enlarge the small-sized periocular image to have a larger effective area while retaining a high image quality. Super-resolution of the periocular images is achieved by a CNN model which first conducts interpolation of the periocular area to an expected size and then finds a nonlinear mapping between the input low quality periocular image and the output high quality periocular image. To validate our method, we compare our deep learning-based SR method with the original case of none SR involved at all, as well as the other two cases using traditional SR methods, namely bilinear interpolation and bicubic interpolation. In terms of quality metrics such as PSNR and SSIM as well as recognition metrics such as GAR and EER, our method significantly outperforms all the other three methods.
Toward a 5E-Based Flipped Classroom Model for Teaching Computational Thinking in Elementary School: Effects on Student Computational Thinking and Problem-Solving Performance

Computational thinking (CT) has attracted significant interest among many educators around the globe. Despite this growing interest, research on CT and programming education in elementary school remains at an initial stage. Many relevant studies have adopted only one type of method to assess students’ CT, which may lead to an incomplete view of student development on CT, while other studies employed small sample sizes, which may increase the chance of assuming a false premise to be true. Moreover, conventional programming courses typically have two limitations (e.g., limited student active learning and student low engagement). Given these gaps, this study investigates the effects of a theory-based (5E framework) flipped classroom model (FCM) on elementary school students’ understanding of CT concepts, computational problem-solving performance, and perceptions of flipped learning. To achieve this, a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted in a rural elementary school, including 125 students in the experimental group and 122 students in the control group. The results showed that the 5E-based FCM significantly improved student understanding of CT concepts and computational problem-solving abilities. The results also revealed positive student perception toward the FCM. The benefits and challenges of the 5E-based FCM are discussed.
School Transit and Accessing Public School in Detroit

Students in the Detroit Public Community Schools District (DPSCD) have the highest rate of chronic absence (missing 10% or more of school days) among large districts in the United States. Additionally, students in DPSCD are among the poorest students in the country, often lacking access to reliable personal transportation or public transit to facilitate getting to school. Although DPSCD offers school-sponsored transit, only 30% of K-8 students were eligible for such transit in 2018 to 2019. Through the use of multilevel modeling, we sought to identify the association between eligibility for school-sponsored transit and attendance. Our findings indicated that there was a negative association of small magnitude between eligibility for school sponsored transit and school attendance. This counterintuitive finding may highlight the fact that transit eligibility is not sufficient to mediate the negative relationship between student poverty and attendance, and transit eligibility does not guarantee regular use of school-sponsored transit.