Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Degradation of azo dyes by cell-free extract from Pseudomonas stutzeri

The degradation of several azo dyes by the cell-free extract from Pseudomonas stutzeri has been studied. The compounds 2-carboxy-4′-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4-carboxy-4′-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 2-carboxy 4′-die thy lam inoazobenzene, 2-met hoxycarbonyl-4′-dime t h y lam inoazobenzene, 4-dime t h y lam inoazobenzene sulphonic acid, and 2-hydroxy-1 -naphthaleneazobenzenesulphonic acid were appreciably degraded by the cell- f ree extract. The cell- f ree extract was quite specific for 2-ca rboxy-4 ′-diet h y lam inoazo benzen e, 2 met hoxyca rbonyI4′-dime t h y lam inoazo benzene, and 2-ca rboxy4′-dime t h y lam inoazo benzene, which a reequal in their redox potential. Thus, it is suggested that the substrate specificity is characterised by a log Pdependence. The presence of azo reductase in the cell-free extract was alsoconfirmed by electrophoresis.
Modeling of non-equilibrium solute diffusion upon rapid solidification: effective mobility versus kinetic energy

Abstract The effective mobility approach is compared with the kinetic energy approach in terms of sharp interface modeling and phase-field modelling of non-equilibrium solute diffusion upon rapid solidification of binary alloys. The two approaches are equivalent for modelling of long range solute diffusion in bulk phases, but only the effective mobility approach can introduce the non-equilibrium solute diffusion effect to short range solute diffusion at a sharp interface or within a diffuse interface. Addition of the kinetic energy terms results in an unreasonable non-bilinear expression of the flux and thermodynamic driving force in the free energy production of interface migration or phase field propagation, whereas the effective mobility approach allows the thermodynamic extremal principle workable.
DSC Study of Syndiotactic Polypropylene/Organoclay Nanocomposite Fibers: Crystallization and Melting Behavior

The effect of anisotropic particles of organophilic layered silicate on the crystallization and melting behavior of prepared nanocomposite systems was studied. The matrix was syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP). Organophilic layered silicate M-QDA filler was prepared by modification of hectorite SOMASIF ME 100 with octadecyl amine. The compatibilizer was isotactic polypropylene (iPP) grafted with maleic anhydride (iPP-g-MA). The silicate was exfoliated in situ within the sPP during the melting process to produce anisotropic nanoparticles. The sPP/M-ODA nanocomposite was spun at different drawing ratios. The resulting fibers were examined by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that neither the spinning process nor the presence of nanofiller affected the crystallinity of the sPP matrix of the nanocomposite in comparison with the neat sPP. At a raised drawing ratio of the fibers slightly increased crystallinity of matrix was observed; however, it was still lower than the neat sPP fibers prepared at the same drawing ratio. The presence of M/ODA nanofiller in sPP matrix increased the melting temperature of the fibers.
Effect of degree of fluid saturation on transport coefficients in disturbed soils

To improve the predictive capability of transport models in soils we need experimental data that improve their understanding of properties at the scale of pores, including the effect of degree of fluid saturation. All transport occurs in the same soil pore space, so that one may intuitively expect a link between the different transport coefficients and key geometrical characteristics of the pores such as tortuosity and connectivity, and pore‐size distribution. To understand the combined effects of pore geometry and pore‐size distribution better, we measured the effect of degree of water saturation on hydraulic conductivity and bulk soil electrical conductivity, and of degree of air saturation on air conductivity and gaseous diffusion for a fine sand and a sandy loam soil. To all measured data were fitted a general transport model that includes both pore geometry and pore‐size distribution parameters. The results show that both pore geometry and pore‐size distribution determine the functional relations between degree of saturation, hydraulic conductivity and air conductivity. The control of pore size on convective transport is more for soils with a wider pore‐size distribution. However, the relative contribution of pore‐size distribution is much larger for the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity than for gaseous phase transport. For the other transport coefficients, their saturation dependency could be described solely by the pore‐geometry term. The contribution of the latter to transport was much larger for transport in the air phase than in the water phase, supporting the view that connectivity dominates gaseous transport. Although the relation between effective fluid saturation and all four relative transport coefficients for the sand could be described by a single functional relation, the presence of a universal relationship between fluid saturation and transport for all soils is doubtful.
Collapse of Eucalyptus nitens Wood After Drying Depending on the Radial Location Within the Stem

Collapse is almost certain to occur in the industrial drying of Eucalyptus nitens and, as such this prevents the lumber manufacturing industry in Chile from producing commercial solid wood products from this species. This problem is still unsolved, and different studies to reduce collapse are currently underway. In this exploratory study, shrinkage and collapse after drying of Eucalyptus nitens was measured for boards cut from different radial locations within the stem (core, transition, and outer wood from pith to bark) and having different annual ring orientations (flat-sawn and quarter-sawn). Though exploratory, the results appear to confirm that pieces that were cut from the center of the trees were less susceptible to collapse than pieces cut from the transition zone between the center and the periphery. On average, collapse in transition wood was approximately 50% higher than the collapse observed in wood cut from the central zone of the trees.
The electrostatic free energy of polyelectrolyte solutions. I. Randomly kinked macromolecules

(1) The electrostatic free energy of randomly kinked, ionized, macromolecules was calculated for polyelectrolyte solutions of finite ionic strenght. A detailed analysis of the charging process and the reference state of the free energy is given. The mutual electrostatic repulsion of the fixed charges on the macromolecule is the main part of the electrostatic free energy. Its calculation is based on two main assumptions: the validity of Kuhn's statistics and of Debye's approximation. (2) The electrostatic contribution per macromolecule to the free energy of the solution is found to be Fe = (v2ϵ2/Dh)ln {1 + (6h/κh)}, where v is the number of charged groups per polymolecule, ϵ the unit of charge, D the dielectric constant, κ Debye's inverse radius, based on the number of free ions in solution, h the end-to-end distance of the charged molecule, and h0 the corresponding end-to-end distance in and uncharged reference state. (3) Activity coefficients of free ions in polyelectrolyte solutions have been derived from the theory. The calculated values compare favorably with the activity coefficients from measurements on Donnan distribution of salt.
ULTRASONICALLY ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM AROMATIC PLANTS: COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL EXTRACTION TECHNICS

Extracts of aromatic plants contain bioactive substances such as phenolic compounds, which could be used as natural antioxidants. Conventional, as well as ultrasonically assisted extractions (UAEs) of phenolic compounds from aromatic plants using different solvents, have been studied. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with ultraviolet detection was employed for the analysis of phenolic compounds. Total phenolic compounds were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The amount of extractable phenolic substances for this method decreased with decreasing polarity of the solvent in the order water, 60% methanol, 60% acetone, and ethyl acetate/water (60:30, v/v). The HPLC results indicate that UAE is a more effective technic compared to the conventional method but was dependent on the solvent and the temperature employed. Increasing the temperature of sonication, the efficiency of extraction of phenolic compounds for all solvents is enhanced. However, water extraction was found to give reduced amounts of phenolic compounds when compared with the conventional method.
A picosecond laser FAIMS analyzer for detecting ultralow quantities of explosives

A method for detecting ultralow quantities of explosives in air and explosive traces using a state-of-the-art picosecond chip Nd3+:YAG laser has been elaborated. The method combines field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) with laser ionization of air samples and laser desorption of analyzed molecules from examined surfaces. Radiation of the fourth harmonic (λ = 266 nm, τpulse = 300 ps, Epulse = 20-150 μJ, ν = 20-300 Hz) was used. The ionization efficiencies for trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), and glyceryl trinitrate (NG) were investigated. The dependences on frequency, pulse energy, peak intensity, and average power for TNT and RDX were determined. It was shown that the optimal peak intensity should be no less than 2∙106 W/cm2; at lower peak intensities, the increase of the average laser power in the interval 5–15 mW enhanced the ion signal. The results of detection of TNT, RDX, and NG vapors under these conditions were compared with the results obtained using nanosecond laser excitation. The detected ion signals for all explosives were shown to be two- to threefold higher in the case of picosecond excitation. The FAIMS laser desorption regime was developed where a laser beam exiting the detector after removal of a special plug was used. The results of TNT and RDX detection are presented. The chip Nd3+:YAG laser has a small emitter and a consumed electric power of 25 W. The estimated detection threshold of the prototype picosecond laser FAIMS analyzer of explosives is (1-3)∙10-15g/cm3 for TNT vapors.
Absorption Spectroscopy Using Microdroplet Resonance Fluorescence Intensities

Emission spectra from fluorophor-containing microdroplets exhibit a series of sharp peaks due to microcavity effects, superimposed on the usual broad-band dye emission seen in bulk liquid. The amplitudes of these resonance peaks are shown here to be sensitive absorption indicators, and the decrease in apparent resonance intensities may be used as a practical in situ absorption diagnostic procedure in spectroscopy. We illustrate this concept with two examples using a microdroplet stream (with diameters between 13 to 18 μm) of an ethanol/rhodamine dye solution, additionally doped with either bromocresol green or cresyl violet dye. An ability to obtain spectral absorption information, as well as quantitative absorption coefficient estimates in the range of 10 to 10−3 cm−1, and to infer changes in pH in the droplets is demonstrated. Use of this approach in conjunction with suitable indicator dyes should permit measurement of specific chemical changes occurring in microdroplets.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite from Glass by Hydrothermal Processing

Zeolite is a microporous aluminosilicate material with uniform pore size of less than 2 nm and chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability. In general zeolite is synthesized from silica, alumina, mineralizer (alkali metal hydroxide and fluoride) and water. Recently it has been reported that various zeolites is synthesized from soda-lime glass, slag and coal fly ash as silica and alumina source. On the other hand, the production volume of various kinds of high-quality glass which are utilized for high-tech products such as liquid crystal displays and plasma displays is rapidly increasing. The purpose in this study is to synthesize a zeolite from crushed aluminoborosilicate glasses which is used as LCD panels glass substrate. According to the XRD analysis, it was found that the synthesized sample had zeolite related structure. And the results of SEM observation of the products suggest that the zeolite structure was obtained as well as XRD results. It was thought that zeolite was successfully synthesized from the glass by this synthetic processing.
Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Geological Reference Materials: A Comparative Study by INAA and ICP‐MS

Data was obtained for the rare earth elements (REE) by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in twenty geological reference materials. In general, the precision obtained by ICP-MS is better for the light REE, decreasing with increasing atomic number. This is partly a result of the occurrence of the heavy REE at low concentrations. The precision of the data obtained by INAA is good (5% RSD). The data obtained also showed that for the elements determined by both methods, the accuracy is similar for the light REE and better for the middle and heavy REEs by INAA. Higher uncertainty is achieved by ICP-MS mainly for elements at very low concentrations, occurring at about ten times the chondritic values. Nous presentons un ensemble de donnees de Terres Rares obtenues par activation neutronique instrumentale (INAA) et par ICP-MS sur vingt materiaux geologiques de reference. En general, la precision obtenue par ICP-MS est meilleure pour les Terres Rares legeres puis decroit avec l'augmentation du numero atomique. Ceci est du en partie a la faible concentration en Terres Rares lourdes. La precision obtenue par INAA est bonne (ecart type relatif 5%), elle est comparable a celle obtenue par ICP-MS pour les Terres Rares legeres et meilleure pour les Terres Rares moyennes et lourdes. De plus grandes incertitudes sont obtenues par ICP-MS pour des elements a tres basses concentrations, de l'ordre de dix fois les chondrites.
Suspensive Electrode Formation in Pulsed Sonoelectrochemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

We report here a new understanding of the mechanisms involved in the sonoelectrochemical synthesis of nanoparticles. Our results indicate that, in addition to the deposition-break processes, a suspended electrode that is formed by the ultrasonic wave has a major effect on the particles' properties. This new understanding of the sonoelectrochemical mechanisms clarifies some unsolved issues and allows for better design of sonoelectrochemical synthesis. However, we believe that the major significance of this new insight is the opening up of new possibilities for sonoelectrochemical synthesis of composite and core-shell materials.
Using Analytics and Dashboard Technologies to Improve Physician Selection Decisions

: Physician review websites have become a major source of information for patients when making physician selection decisions. However, the reviews provided on those websites have shortcomings and are not highly accessibly to users. Accordingly, in this research in progress, we propose a study to 1) develop an algorithm to accurately integrate numeric and narrative reviews of physicians collected from different websites, 2) develop an interactive dashboard to present the integrated reviews to users, and 3) assess the impact of using a dashboard on the efficiency and accuracy of physician selection decisions. We will employ a design science methodology followed by experimental studies. The artifacts developed as part of this study, including an algorithm and a dashboard, will potentially enable patients to make more informed, efficient, and accurate decisions. Results of the experimental studies will also help us understand the value of such user-centered dashboard systems in decision-making processes.
Low-temperature sputtering of crystalline TiO2 films

This article reports on the investigation of reactive magnetron sputtering of transparent, crystalline titanium dioxide films. The aim of this investigation is to determine a minimum substrate surface temperature Tsurf necessary to form crystalline TiO2 films with anatase structure. Films were prepared by dc pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering using a dual magnetron operating in bipolar mode and equipped with Ti(99.5) and ceramic Ti5O9 targets. The films were deposited on unheated glass substrates and their structure was characterized by x-ray diffraction and surface morphology by atomic force microscopy. Special attention is devoted to the measurement of Tsurf using thermostrips pasted to the glass substrate. It was found that (1) Tsurf is considerably higher (approximately by 100°C or more) than the substrate temperature Ts measured by the thermocouple incorporated into the substrate holder and (2) Tsurf strongly depends on the substrate-to-target distance ds-t, the magnetron target power loading, and .
Recoupling of chemical shift anisotropies in solid-state NMR under high-speed magic-angle spinning and in uniformly 13C-labeled systems

We demonstrate the possibility of recoupling chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) interactions in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) under high-speed magic-angle spinning (MAS) while retaining a static CSA powder pattern line shape and simultaneously attenuating homonuclear dipole–dipole interactions. CSA recoupling is accomplished by a rotation-synchronized radio-frequency pulse sequence with symmetry properties that permit static CSA line shapes to be obtained. We suggest a specific recoupling sequence, which we call ROCSA, for which the scaling factors for CSA and homonuclear dipole–dipole interactions are 0.272 and approximately 0.05, respectively. This sequence is suitable for high-speed 13C MAS NMR experiments on uniformly 13C-labeled organic compounds, including biopolymers. We demonstrate the ROCSA sequence experimentally by measuring the 13C CSA patterns of the uniformly labeled, polycrystalline compounds L-alanine and N-acetyl-D,L-valine at MAS frequencies of 11 and 20 kHz. We also present .
Modeling of the static and dynamic behavior of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors

This article reports on physically based models for hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) inverted staggered thin-film transistors (TFT), which accurately predict both the static and dynamic characteristics of the TFT. The model is implemented in VerilogA hardware description language, which comes as a standard feature in most circuit simulation environments. The static model includes both forward and reverse regimes of operation. The model for leakage current takes into account the physical mechanisms responsible for the source of the reverse current, viz., the formation of the conducting channels at the back and front a-Si:H/a-SiNx:H interfaces and their relative dominance at different bias conditions. The dynamic model includes the different charge components associated with the tail states, deep states, interfaces, and traps and their associated time constants. Good agreement between modeling and experimental results is obtained.
Biosynthesis of esperamicin A1, an enediyne antitumor antibiotic

Biosynthetic studies on esperamicin A 1 (esp A 1 ) were carried out by examining the incorporation of singly and doubly 13 C-labeled acetates, L-[methyl- 13 C]methionine and Na 2 34 SO 4 , by cultures of Actinomadura verrucosospora MU-5019. The acetate incorporation results show that the C 15 bicyclic enediyne core of esp A 1 is derived from head-to-tail condensation of seven acetate units and the uncoupled carbon attached to the trisulfilde unit is derived from the C2 of acetate
Interaction of morphine but not fentanyl with cerebral α2‐adrenoceptors in α2‐adrenoceptor knockout mice

Objectives α2‐Adrenergic and μ‐opioid receptors belong to the rhodopsin family of G‐protein coupled receptors and mediate antinociceptive effects via similar signal transduction pathways. Previous studies have revealed direct functional interactions between both receptor systems including synergistic and additive effects. To evaluate underlying mechanisms, we have studied whether morphine and fentanyl interacted with α2‐adrenoceptor‐subtypes in mice lacking one individual α2‐adrenoceptor‐subtype (α2‐adrenoceptor knockout).
Synthesis of porous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel beads by sedimentation polymerization and their morphology

Sedimentation polymerization of aqueous solutions of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) was carried out to prepare porous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) beads. When small amounts of DMF and a radical accelerator were added to the monomer solution, the polymerization proceeded smoothly to give polymer beads with a very narrow size distribution. The rate of swelling of the resulting bead increased with increasing crosslinker content and was also affected by the type of crosslinker used. When amounts higher than 1 mol % N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide or 3 mol % diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA) were used as a crosslinker, the resulting beads underwent rapid swelling in water at 20°C, reaching the equilibrium within 5 min. A cross-sectional photograph of a typical dried bead showed that it had a very complex morphology consisting of a large and irregular void, highly porous region, and nonporous region. The swelling rate was directly dependent on the morphology of the beads. PNIPA beads with well-developed porous areas show a high swelling rate. Although PNIPA beads produced from DEGDA had well-developed porous structures, they were able to effectively concentrate blue dextran from the dilute aqueous solution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 842–850, 2007
Production of endohedral yttrium-fullerene cations by direct laser vaporization

Direct laser vaporization of samples containing graphite, yttrium oxide, and fullerenes is used to generate gas-phase yttrium-fullerene adduct ions, Y x C n + (x=1, 2 with even-numbered n=60-100), in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Collision-induced dissociation and oxidation reactions are used to compare these species with externally-bound adducts, Y(C n ) + , generated by gas-phase association reactions
Epitaxial Synthesis of Diamond in the Metastable Region

Recent trends in the preparation of synthetic diamonds, relying on the influence of surface forces exerted by the diamond seed crystal on the carbon deposition processes, are discussed. Epitaxial synthesis can occur from carbon-containing gases or from molten metals. Foreign publications and patents are discussed as well as the work of Soviet scientists. The preparation and properties of filamentary and of isometric diamond crystals, prepared at low pressures for the first time, are also discussed. 22 references.
Kinetics of polymer melt intercalation

the kinetics of polystyrene melt intercalation in organically modified mica-type silicates were studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. By monitoring the change in the integrated intensity of the basal reflection of the silicate host, the rate of conversion from unintercalated to intercalated silicate was determined at various temperatures and for various molecular weights of polystyrene. Hybrid formation is limited by mass transport into the primary particles of the host silicate and not specifically by diffusion of the polymer chains within the silicate galleries. The activation energy of hybrid formation is similar to that previously measured for polystyrene self-diffusion in the melt, implying that the mobility of the polymer chains within the host galleries is at least comparable to that in the melt.
Samarium Triiodide–Catalyzed Formation of Mannich‐Type Products by Amidoalkylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds

Abstract With samarium triiodide (SmI3) as a catalyst, the amidoalkylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with N‐(1‐benzotriazol‐1‐ylalkyl)amides proceeded readily under mild conditions to afford Mannich‐type products in good to excellent yields.