Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATION BY GEL-FORMING COMPOSITIONS

The use of gel-forming compositions (GFC) enables significant reduction of the losses of fire-extinguishing substance (FES) (including water), direct and consequential damages of its use [1]. When using FES on the surface of the fireextinguishing site, the protective firefighting gel layer is formed, which is quite solidly self-fixed at the inclined and vertical surfaces, and this, compared with using water alone, reduces losses of FES [1]. Therefore, the scientific and technical problem involves the substantiated development of non-sizeable technical means of fire-extinguishing by finelydispersed gel-forming jets from the distances that are safe for a firefighter. To supply a finely dispersed GFC jet from the distance that is safe for a firefighter, the new structure of the installation for fire-extinguishing by gel-forming compositions with the extended barrel of the cranked type was designed. Its structure is shown in Fig. 1. It is based on the task of decreasing the consumption of GFC with
W-Band Radar Altimeter for Drones 이용석.이권학.김준성.박재현.김병성.송림 Yong-Seok Lee.Gwon-Hak Lee.Jun-Seong Kim.Jae-Hyun Park.Byung-Sung Kim.Reem Song

In this study, we propose a W-band frequency modulated continuous wave(FMCW) radar altimeter that can measure the altitude based on the frequency differences of transmitted and received signals. This W-band FMCW system is powered by an altitude control algorithm, which we propose to help prevent collisions of drones with obstacles in real deployment by measuring the relative altitude. It is shown that this algorithm enables the drone to be positioned within a 3 % error of altitude from the desired input height. The chip used in the W-band transmitter and receiver was fabricated using a 65-nm CMOS process, and a horn antenna was directly fed by incorporating an embedded waveguide feeder into the chip. The clutter spectra observed in terrains including soil, grass, and calm lake water were measured and compared, confirming the reflectivity characteristics of various surfaces of different water contents.
Symbolic Bisimulation for Probabilistic Systems

The paper introduces symbolic bisimulations for a simple probabilistic π -calculus to overcome the inﬁnite branching problem that still exists in checking ground bisimulations between probabilistic systems. Especially the deﬁnition of weak (symbolic) bisimulation does not rely on the random capability of adversaries and suggests a solution to the open problem on the axiomatization for weak bisimulation in the case of unguarded recursion. Furthermore, we present an eﬃcient characterization of symbolic bisimulations for the calculus, which allows the ”on-the-ﬂy” instantiation of bound names and dynamic construction of equivalence relations for quantitative evaluation. This directly results in a local decision algorithm that can explore just a minimal portion of the state spaces of probabilistic processes in question.
Metabolism in MELAS: Case Report

Conclusions: This first report on C-MRS observation of cerebral glucose metabolism in a patient with MELAS demonstrated the presence of low glutamate production via the tricarboxylic acid cycle compared with high lactate synthesis by glycolysis. The present findings suggest that the clinical use of C-MRS can be extended to diagnose mitochondrial dysfunction and monitor cerebral glucose metabolism in a variety of mitochondrial disorders.
MOBILITY4EU - D2.1 - Societal needs and requirements for future transportation and mobility as well as opportunities and challenges of current solutions

Mobility4EU is a Coordination and Support Action of the European Commission started in January 2016 and lasting for 3 years, until 31 December 2018. The project will deliver a vision for the European transport system in 2030 and an action plan including a roadmap to implement that vision. The work towards that vision and action plan is based on the identification and assessment of societal challenges that will influence future transport demand and supply and the compilation of a portfolio of promising cross-modal technical and organisational transport solutions. The entire process from studying trends and options for solutions, developing a vision and finally the action plan are organized within a structured participatory approach that focuses on user-centeredness and that aims to engage a broad stakeholder community into the consultation processes. A further goal is to build a European Transport Forum that continues the work beyond the project duration and works on complementing the action plan. The present document reports on the results of researching trends and societal drivers impacting mobility demands and transport in Europe until 2030.
Effective optimization of the control system for the cement raw meal mixing process: I. PID tuning based on loop shaping

The objective of the present study is to use a reliable model of the raw meal mixing process dynamics in raw meal production installations, in order to tune effectively PID controllers, thus regulating the product's quality. The system is described by a TITO process. The M - Constrained Integral Gain Optimization (MIGO) loop shaping method is utilized to adjust the controller parameters. Long term actual industrial data are used for this purpose while the controller robustness is also investigated. Taking into account the maximum sensitivity constraint and the model uncertainty the controller is parameterized and implemented to industrial raw meal production units by replacing previous controllers or manual regulation. The results indicate remarkable enhancement of the raw meal homogeneity fed to the kiln. Therefore the tuning methodology applied provides effective PID controllers, able to attenuate the disturbances affecting the raw meal quality.
Using Simulated Annealing to Improve the Information Dissemination Network Structure of a Foreign Animal Disease Outbreak Response

Abstract Communication is an integral part of emergency response, and improving the information dissemination network for crisis communication can save time, resources, and lives. In a foreign animal disease (FAD) outbreak, timeliness of detection and response are critical. An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, a particularly significant FAD, could cripple the agriculture economy. This research uses communication data from a FAD response exercise in Kansas to develop a reliable crisis communication network model, contributing a general method for creating an information dissemination network from empirical communication data. We then introduce a simulated annealing heuristic that identifies an alternative network structure that minimizes the time for information to reach all response participants. The resultant network structure reduces overall information transmission time by almost 90% and reveals actionable observations for improving FAD response communication. We find that not only can a crisis communication network be improved significantly, but also that the quantitative results support qualitative observations from early in the data extraction process. This paper adds original methods to the literature and opens the door for future quantitative work in the area of crisis communication and emergency response.
Temperature measuring analysis of the nuclear reactor fuel assembly

Study was based on rapid changes of measured temperature values from the thermocouple in the VVER 440 nuclear reactor fuel assembly. Task was to determine origin of fluctuations of the temperature values by experiments on physical model of the fuel assembly. During an experiment, heated water was circulating in the system and cold water inlet through central tube to record sensitivity of the temperature sensor. Two positions of the sensor was used. First, just above the central tube in the physical model fuel assembly axis and second at the position of the thermocouple in the VVER 440 nuclear reactor fuel assembly. Dependency of the temperature values on time are presented in the diagram form in the paper.
A new local pressure loss coefficient model of a duct tee junction applied during transient simulation of a HVAC air-side system

Most of the local pressure loss coefficient (LPLC) models for duct fittings used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) air-side system transient simulations are simplified. The LPLCs are defined as having a constant value at the rated flow condition or as having a polynomial function of the flow ratio (or velocity ratio). To determine the influence of these simplifications, this study used a diverging tee junction as an example. First, we performed CFD calculations to generate a new LPLC dataset and trained a data-driven model using feature weighted support vector regression (FWSVR) combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO-FWSVR). Finally, we compared this new LPLC model with the two traditional models at the level of both individual junction and air-side system. The results show that the accuracy of the new model is greatly improved and the LPLC model can have a significant impact on the system operation condition.
Assessing parameters of distribution particle size and pores of a coarse- textured soils using CBCT-scan image processing

Introduction CT scan was first invented by Hounsfield in the twentieth century in 1972. But it was soon used in engineering, agriculture, biology, physics, chemistry, etc. Recently, with advances in computed tomography at the global level, the use of different generations of X-rays on a micrometer scale to study some of the different phenomena in soil science has begun. Due to the lack of geotechnical and soil mechanics studies in many engineering projects, CT scan image processing method can be used as a suitable method for extracting soil particle size and other soil characteristics. The main purpose of this study: a) The use of CBCT-scan in soil science for the first time in Iran. B) Comparing the ability of CBCT-scan in terms of quality of results with conventional methods. C) Identify the best filter and binary method (threshold). Another goal of this research is to acquaint more researchers with the application of computed tomography (CTscan) technology in soil science studies. Material and Methods The sampling area for this study was located in Diwandareh-Saqez axis in Kurdistan province, where six disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected in a sandy area (12 samples in total). In disturbed samples, particle size distribution was measured by ASTM D421 method, and the porosity of the samples was measured directly using the fuzzy equations in soil mechanics. In a radiology laboratory, three-dimensional images of intact soil samples were taken using a Planmeca Promax 3D CBCT CT scanner. In this study, ImageJ software was used to process CBCT-scan images. With this software, the percentage of phases, number of particles and particle size can be calculated. One of the most important steps in image processing is generating binary images. A total of 17 global thresholding methods have been proposed for generating binary images in ImageJ software. In this study, 15 standard methods for generating binary images were examined and the best method was selected. The total pore volume and soil particle size distribution of each sample calculated by quantifying X-ray images were compared with the total pore volume and soil particle size distribution obtained in the soil science laboratory and performance of the CT scan method evaluated by statistical parameters including The results of the accuracy evaluation for the correlation coefficient, mean absolute value of deviations, mean square error, root mean square error, and mean absolute error percentage. Results and discussion The most significant point in image processing is the image thresholding method. In this study, due to the nature of CBCT-scan images, global thresholding was preferred. From the results of image processing, it can be understood that the results of binary images with Otsu and Intermodes methods are in complete agreement with the laboratory sample. The average
University of Alberta Support Vector Classification for Geostatistical Modeling of Categorical Variables by

Subsurface geological characterization often requires solving a classification problem to obtain a model of facies that is later populated with continuous properties like porosity or permeability. The classification problem, which consists of assigning a single category to any unsampled location based on observed data, is analyzed and solved in this thesis using geostatistical and machine learning tools. This research proposes an easy-to-implement heuristic technique that uses geostatistical criteria, such as correct classification of the observed data and good reproduction of the global proportions of categories, to obtain from the SVC algorithm a boundary classifier. This boundary is used to generate the facies model. The case studies show that the implementation of the proposed technique is highly automatic. The responses are comparable in terms of prediction accuracy to those obtained by the conventional geostatistical approach. They also show how simple information from SVC allows for an improvement in the response of conventional geostatistical indicator simulation models.
This is a repository copy of Optical Properties and Dielectric Functions of Grain Boundaries and Interfaces in CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cells

CdTe thin-film solar cells have complex microstructures , such as grain boundaries within the absorber layer , as well as CdS window, and Au back contact interfaces, where the local structure and chemistry undergo significant changes . The optical properties at these nanoscale defects are unknown, but heir accurate measurement is required in order to identify potential losses in device efficiency . Here monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in an aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is used to measure the complex dielectric function for the CdTe 1-xSx inter-diffusion layer at the CdS CdTe interface, high angle CdTe grain boundaries and Au -CdTe interface. CdTe1-xSx is shown to have a lower absorption coefficient than CdTe, but its refractive index is more closely matched to CdS. Grain boundaries have a negligible effect on the light absorption profile within CdTe, despite significant changes in the local structure and c hemistry (i.e. Tedepletion) at the grain boundary . Delocalisation in inelastic scattering is the dominant systematic error in the above measurements . Finally a light backscattering mechanism via surface plasmon polaritons at the Au -CdTe interface is uncov ered, which could potentially increase the photocurrent extracted from incident light at energies just above the CdTe band gap.
Ultrastructure of Pyrenoid Division in Coelastrum sp.1

The green algal pyrenoid is an electron-dense region in the chloroplast, con sisting of tightly packed fibrils approximately 60A in diameter (Gibbs 1962). The pyrenoid ground substance is constant in appearance in most of the algae examined, the only observed variations occurring in the associated structures (Brown et al. 1967) such as starch sheaths (Brown and Bold 1964, Gibbs 1962, Ueda 1961) and chloroplast lamellae when present (Gibbs 1960, 1962, 1962a). The pyrenoid in an algal cell may arise either de novo or by division of the mother pyrenoid (Bold 1951, Czurda 1928, Smith 1950). All Coelastrum species possess polyhedral, polygonal, or more frequently, hollow spherical coenobia. The number of cells in a coenobium varies from four to thirty-two depending on culture conditions (Rayss 1915, Vischer 1927, Wille 1909). Reproduction in Coelastrum is typically by endogenous formation of autospores which become united with one another within the mother cell wall to form the coe nobium. Czurda (1928) believed that de novo pyrenoid formation took place only in those green algae having endogenous cell division which resulted in autocolonies, autospores, gametes or zoospores. However, little is known of pyrenoid formation during cell division in Coelastrum. This investigation of the fine structure and formation of new pyrenoids in Coelastrum sp. evaluates the validity of Czurda's statement and compares pyrenoid fine structure and formation with those of other green algae.
A Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter Topology with an Improved Nearest Level Modulation Method

In this paper, a hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology with an improved nearest level modulation method is proposed for medium-voltage high-power applications. The arm of the proposed topology contains N series connected half-bridge submodules (HBSMs), one full-bridge submodule (FBSM) and an inductor. By exploiting the FBSM, half-level voltages are obtained in the arm voltages. Therefore, an output voltage with a 2 N +1 level number can be generated. Moreover, the total level number of the inserted submodules (SMs) is a constant. Thus, there is no pulse voltage across the arm inductors, and the SM capacitor voltage is rated. With the proposed voltage balancing method, the capacitor voltage of the HBSM is twice the voltage of the FBSM, and each IGBT of the FBSM has a relatively low switching frequency and an equalized conduction loss. The capacitor voltage balancing methods of the two kinds of SMs are implemented independently. As a result, the switching frequency of the HBSM is not increased compared to the conventional MMC. In addition, according to a theoretical calculation of the total harmonic distortion of the electromotive force (EMF), the voltage quality with the presented method can be significantly enhanced when the SM number is relatively small. Simulation and experimental results obtained with a MMC-based inverter verify the validity of the developed method.
Improvement in the nutritional composition and nutrient digestibility of pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) seed by Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger solid-state fermentation

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis on nutritional composition and in vitro digestibility of pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) seed (PGS). The PGS was fermented by A. niger ATCC 20345, A. niger ATCC 9142 and B. subtilis ATCC 21556 (10 5 , 10 5 spores and 10 10 cfu per kg PGS, respectively). Both A. niger and B. subtilis increased (P<0.001) crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and ash content but decreased (P<0.001) crude fiber (CF), hemicellulose (HC), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in PGS. Besides, in vitro nutrient digestibility of PGS was increased (P<0.001) by A. niger and B. subtilis . The results of the study showed that A. niger and B. subtilis pose a serious opportunity to improve the nutritional quality and nutrient digestibility of PGS. Aspergillus niger ATCC 200345 gives better nutritional improvement in PGS with highest CP, EE, lowest CF, ADF and average NDF and HC among the treatment groups. bir potansiyele olduğunu göstermiştir. Aspergillus niger ATCC 200345, diğer yüksek HP HY, düşük ADF
Lavandula angustifolia L. plants regeneration from in vitro leaf explants-derived callus as conservation strategy

Lavandula angustifolia L. is an aromatic and medicinal herb with multiple industrial applications. Nevertheless, the over exploitation of wild plantation attempts against to its conservation as natural resource. The aim of this paper was to regenerate plants of L. angustifolia from in vitro leaf explants by indirect organogenesis as conservation strategy. Leaves sections from in vitro plants were cultured in MS with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) combined with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) to induce callus formation. The callus growth was categorized into three types according to the explant area covered by callus and the fresh and dry weigh (mg) per callus were determined. Then, callus were subcultured on MS with BAP and Kinetin combined with NAA or 2,4-D for shoots regeneration. Shoots were cultured in MS with BAP 8.88 µM, indole butyric acid (IBA) 4.92 µM and 2.68µM NAA for rooting. Plantlets were acclimatized and after 50 days of hardening the plants were transferred to the soil. Explants in all treatments formed calli. The higher percentage of callus formation with abundant growth was achieved in MS with 8.88 µM BAP + 5.36 µM NAA (92%). In MS with 4.44 µM BAP + 4.64 µM Kn+ 2.68 µM NAA, 93% of calli regenerating shoots and25-30 multiple shoots were obtained after 63 days of subculture. Shoots developed roots and plants were successfully acclimatized with 93 percentage of survival. In vitro leaf of L. angustifolia is a suitable explant for plants regeneration.
Integrated sensing technologies for detection and location of leaks in water distribution networks

Water distribution networks (WDNs) are infrastructure systems that have high socioeconomic values, for which efficient operation and management are required to ensure minimal amounts of waste which can be represented in the form of leaks. Leak detection is considered as one of the challenges faced by municipalities operating WDNs because it either involves shutting down the system or requires using expensive equipment and technologies. In this paper, a novel noninvasive and nondestructive methodology for detecting leaks in water pipes was tested. Ground penetrating radar was used for accurate determination of pipe location, followed by infrared (IR) thermographic imaging for determining the leak location using four different operating conditions. Results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and pairwise comparison methods. Several factors were found to affect the accuracy of the proposed methodology in predicting the leak location, namely, the characteristics of the studied surface (i.e. emissivity), the characteristics of the surrounding environment (i.e. ambient temperature and relative humidity), and the operating conditions of the IR camera (i.e. speed and height of the camera). The results obtained in this study have also shown that under high ambient temperatures and high relative humidity conditions, a higher speed of the IR camera would reduce the impact of noise on the collected thermal contrast and therefore, would give better leak location prediction results. The tested methodology proved the flexibility of the approach and the ability of accurately predicting the leak locations under different conditions.
Molecular Pathways of Prostate Carcinoma

Molecular Pathways of Prostate Carcinoma Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer with rapidly growing incidence rates in the world. The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer are widely variable in different populations. The prostate cancer includes multiple genetic modifications such as deletion in specific genome sequences of tumor-suppressor genes and alterations in specific chromosomal sites associated with oncogene activation. It is difficult to determine whether the hereditary changes leading to prostate cancer are associated with one or more specific genetic features. Prostate carcinogenesis is complex and has not been fully explained. If we can better understand prostate carcinogenesis, we can also find targeted therapy. Therefore, we talked about the major genetic and epigenetic changes involved in prostate carcinoma.