Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erythrocytes derived microvesicles : their characterisation and potential role as delivery vectors

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are heterogeneous populations of small vesicles released by virtually all cells and are classified depending on their biogenesis and size. Microvesicles (MV) are a subtype of EV and are released under optimal cell conditions and/or upon stimuli. In this study, the influence of erythrocyte derived MV (eMV) on the growth of THP-1 and Jurkat cell lines was observed. HeLa cells and those infected with Human Rhinovirus type 16 derived MV (HRV16iHMV) were used as parallel samples for all experiments. This is because virus infected cell derived EV have been extensively studied and it is understood that viral-MV uses the virus mechanism of entry to communicate with neighbouring cells. Whereas the eMV mechanism is still not fully understood. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of eMV action on the growth of cell lines, their characterisation was explored. Flow cytometry analysis using fluorescence sub-micron particle size reference indicates that the samples acquired during this PhD research meet the ‘current requirements’ in the field, to be classified as MV according to their sizes (100-1000 nm), and that the amount of release of eMV increases depending on the stimulus used (CaCl2, Normal Human Serum), due to remodelling of the cell membrane. Immunoblotting and flow cytometry surface marker profiling data shows that eMV are composed of key molecules that may allow their survival in the extracellular environment and communication with neighbouring cells. CD235 surface marker confirms their parent cells and the presence of CD47 suggests how eMV may avoid phagocytosis. Surface receptors including CD36, CD58 and CD63 indicate how they may communicate and enter the neighbouring cells through endocytosis. The identification of proteases suggests how eMV may be capable of tissue remodelling and degradation, whereas the presence of miRNAs may indicate how eMV can have an impact on the recipient cell by downregulating gene expression. Fluorescence microscopy shows eMV interacting with the cell membrane and the flow cytometry data suggests that eMV inhibit the growth of THP-1. The mechanism which clarifies this impact is unknown. Nevertheless, this PhD project has identified key biological molecules which constitute biologically active entities and might therefore, help eMV to transfer information and substances to recipient cells displaying their potential as delivery vectors. Thus, data obtained here can positively contribute towards the EV field.
Iron(III) Complexes for Highly Efficient and Sustainable Ketalization of Glycerol: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

The growing production of biodiesel as a promising alternative and renewable fuel led as the main problem the dramatic increase of its by-product: glycerol. Different strategies for glycerol derivatization have been reported so far, some more efficient or sustainable than others. Herein, we report a very promising and eco-friendly transformation of glycerol in nontoxic solvents and chemicals (i.e., solketal, ketals), proposing three new families of Fe(III) compounds capable of catalysing glycerol acetalization with unpublished turn over frequencies (TOFs), and adhering most of the principles of green chemistry. The comparison between the activity of complexes of formula [FeCl3(1-R)] (1-R = substituted pyridinimine), [FeCl(2-R,R′)] (2-R,R′ = substituted O,O′-deprotonated salens) and their corresponding simple salts reveals that the former are extremely convenient because they are able to promote solketal formation with excellent TOFs, up to 105 h–1. Satisfactory performances were shown with respect to the entire range of substrates, with results being competitive to those reported in the literature so far. Moreover, the experimental activity was supported by an accurate and complete ab initio study, which disclosed the fundamental role of iron(III) as Lewis acid in promoting the catalytic activity. The unprecedented high activity and the low loading of the catalyst, combined with the great availability and the good eco-toxicological profile of iron, foster future applications of this catalytic process for the sustainable transformation of an abundant by-product in a variety of chemicals.
High Tech Start Up : The Complete Handbook For Creating Successful New High Tech Companies

This revised and updated edition of Nesheim's underground Silicon Valley bestseller incorporates twenty-three case studies of successful start-ups, including tables of wealth showing how much money founders and investors realized from each venture. The phenomenal success of the initial public offerings (IPOs) of many new internet companies obscures the fact that fewer than six out of 1 million business plans submitted to venture capital firms will ever reach the IPO stage. Many fail, according to start-up expert John Nesheim, because the entrepreneurs did not have access to the invaluable lessons that come from studying the real-world venture experiences of successful companies. Now they do. Acclaimed by entrepreneurs the world over, this practical handbook is filled with hard-to-find information and guidance covering every key phase of a start-up, from idea to IPO: how to create a winning business plan, how to value the firm, how venture capitalists work, how they make their money, where to find alternative sources of funding, how to select a good lawyer, and how to protect intellectual property. Nesheim aims to improve the odds of success for first-time high-tech entrepreneurs, and offers an insider's perspective from firsthand experience on one of the toughest challenges they face -- convincing venture capitalists or investment banks to provide financing. This complete, classic reference tool is essential reading for first-time high-tech entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurs already involved in a start-up who want to increase their chances of success to rise to the top.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel diclofenac analogs as promising anti-inflammatory agents

INTRODUCTION: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used as analgesics and antipyretics in the treatment of pain, fever, and rheumatoid arthritis. Major side effect with treatment of NSAIDs is gastric irritation. 1,3,4-thiadiazole is an imperative scaffold since several of these derivatives are known to be associated with multiple biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-tubercular, and immunosuppressive. Literature survey reveals that certain compounds bearing this nucleus possess significant anti-inflammatory activity with reduced ulcerogenic effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present research work, we have synthesized thirteen 2-(2-[2,6-dichlorophenylamino] phenyl) acetohydrazide derivatives (4a–4m) and four 2,6-dichloro-N-(2-[6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-yl] methyl] phenyl) benzenamine derivatives (6a–6d) derived from diclofenac. All these newly synthesized compounds were screened for in vivo acute anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Structures of these novel compounds were characterized based on their physicochemical and spectral analysis. Perusal of the activity data strongly suggests that compound 4d was most promising with significant anti-inflammatory activity, while moderate to good activity was observed for compounds 4a, 4c, g, 4i, and 4l. Among the imidazo (2,1-b) 1,3,4-thiadiazole series (6a–6d), compound 6b exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity, while compounds 6a, 6c and 6d displayed reasonably to good anti-inflammatory activity as compared to standard drug diclofenac. CONCLUSION: Among the series of synthesized compounds, two derivatives (4d and 6b) have displayed the most encouraging results and could be further exploited for developing newer anti-inflammatory agents with better efficacy and safety, which necessitates further investigations.
An emulator approach to stratocumulus susceptibility

Abstract. The climatic relevance of aerosol–cloud interactions depends on the sensitivity of the radiative effect of clouds to cloud droplet number N, and liquid water path LWP. We derive the dependence of cloud fraction CF, cloud albedo AC, and the relative cloud radiative effect rCRE=CF⋅AC on N and LWP from 159 large-eddy simulations of nocturnal stratocumulus. These simulations vary in their initial conditions for temperature, moisture, boundary-layer height, and aerosol concentration but share boundary conditions for surface fluxes and subsidence. Our approach is based on Gaussian-process emulation, a statistical technique related to machine learning. We succeed in building emulators that accurately predict simulated values of CF, AC, and rCRE for given values of N and LWP. Emulator-derived susceptibilities ∂ln⁡rCRE/∂ln⁡N and ∂ln⁡rCRE/∂ln⁡LWP cover the nondrizzling, fully overcast regime as well as the drizzling regime with broken cloud cover. Theoretical results, which are limited to the nondrizzling regime, are reproduced. The susceptibility ∂ln⁡rCRE/∂ln⁡N captures the strong sensitivity of the cloud radiative effect to cloud fraction, while the susceptibility ∂ln⁡rCRE/∂ln⁡LWP describes the influence of cloud amount on cloud albedo irrespective of cloud fraction. Our emulation-based approach provides a powerful tool for summarizing complex data in a simple framework that captures the sensitivities of cloud-field properties over a wide range of states.
Supplementation of Carrot Incorporated Paneer Attenuates Diabetes through its Antioxidant Potential in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: The ideal medications for diabetes mellitus (DM) should have less or no adverse effects, thus screening on the antidiabetic activities of plant-based products is in urgent need. Paneer is the fundamental nutritious and complete native dairy products, and natural products incorporated paneer has greatly increased its therapeutic potential.Objective: The current study was undertaken to explore the effects of carrot incorporated paneer (CIP) on blood glucose, body weight, insulin, and enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, and reduced GSH in streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NAD)-induced diabetes in rats.Materials and Methods: Diabetic rats were orally supplemented with CIP (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 1 month and the effects were compared with gliclazide (5 mg/kg body weight/day). Results: Supplementation of CIP or gliclazide was resulted in noteworthy diminish in the levels of blood glucose and increase in body weight and insulin levels. STZ-NAD administration caused the diminution in enzymatic antioxidant activities in diabetic rats and supplementation with CIP predominantly enhanced the levels of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats when contrasted to diabetic group.Conclusion: Hence, the results suggested that CIP has the potential antioxidant capability and may be believed as an efficient curative constituent for the management of DM.
Boosting Visible Light Harvesting in p‐Type Ternary Oxides for Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Conversion Using Inverse Opal Structure

P‐type semiconductors based on ternary oxides have attracted wide interest owing to their earth‐crust abundance and favorable optoelectronic properties. Among the p‐type ternary oxides, delafossite‐phase CuFeO2 has received considerable attention because it has the potential to fully harness visible light (<800 nm) owing to its narrow bandgap (1.4–1.6 eV). Despite the favorable optoelectronic properties predicted by theoretical studies, CuFeO2 photocathodes have low quantum efficiency under visible light near the bandgap edge, which is a major bottleneck for efficient solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion. Herein, a novel method is presented for boosting visible‐light harvesting in the CuFeO2 photocathode by employing an inverse opal structure as a periodic macrostructure. The periodic macroporous structure allows exceptional near‐bandgap photon harvesting, particularly within the range of 600–700 nm, owing to the enhanced light absorption due to multiple scattering together with the short diffusion distance for minority carriers toward the electrolyte. After surface modification with a low‐cost double hydroxide electrocatalyst, our CuFeO2‐based photocathode exhibits a record‐breaking photocurrent density of 5.2 mA cm−2 at −0.1 V with respect to the reversible hydrogen electrode for water reduction among p‐type ternary oxide‐based photocathodes.
Vygotsky and Cognitive Science: Language and the Unification of the Social and Computational Mind.

Part 1 Foundation for unification: internalism and the ideology of cognitive science - Luria's peasant and the frame problem, the deprivileging of external causes, Luria's peasant, again (and Fodor on Vygotsky), Vygotsky and the frame problem from Plato's problem to Wittgenstein's problem - Plato's answer - the inward turn, universal grammars, troubles in paradise, Wittgenstein's problem architectures and contexts - unifying computational and cultural psycholinguistics - incommensurability and unity, cognitive science - a primer, Vygotskyan theory - a primer, architectures and contexts - three prospects for unity. Part 2 Three unities: subjectivity - consciousness and metaconsciousness - consciousness regained, from information processing to self-consciousness, the organization of subjectivity, Vygotskyan demonstrations of metaconsciousness control and the language for thought - the importance of reflexivity, defining the language for thought, the limits of private speech research, a context-architecture view of the language for thought, the linguistic structure of the language for thought, computational control and the symptoms of the machine self, run time and relativity control disorders - splitting the computational from the social - logic/control dissociations, a catalogue of control disorders, logic versus control, private speech disruptions, the metaconscious effects of control disorders, two final clarifications epilogue - is everything cognitive science? - against grand schemes, sociocomputationalism, two prospects for sociocomputationalism, does internalism win out?
Investigating the Incremental Usefulness of Firm-Specific Differential Persistence of Earnings Components on Abnormal Excess Returns

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the incremental usefulness of firm-specific differential persistence of earnings components on abnormal excess returns. In most previous research, the differential persistence of earnings components has been estimated using a cross-sectional approach. The main assumption in the cross-sectional approach is that the differential persistence of accruals and operating cash flows are equal in all companies, while the differential persistence of earnings components is a firm-specific phenomenon and this approach makes it possible to estimate a variety of differential persistence among different companies. For this purpose, this study presents a trading strategy based on firm-specific estimates of differential persistence of earnings components that its effect on the abnormal excess returns has been examined in the presence or absence of loss companies. The strategy is to measure the difference between the forecasted earnings based on firm-specific differential persistence of earnings components and the forecasted earnings based on the operating earnings, which is called the unexpected earnings. Methods: To test the hypotheses, we selected the data of 143 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2001 to 2018 using the systematic elimination method. For analyzing information and testing hypotheses, Carhart's (1997) four-factor model has been used. Results: The findings of this study showed that the differential persistence of earnings components leads to abnormal excess returns that increase in the absence of loss companies. Many argue that a trading strategy based on firm-specific differential persistence of earnings components, on the one hand, and investors fixation on earnings, on the other hand, identifies useful information that is often overlooked by unaware investors. Thus, this trading strategy targets the mispricing of securities and, by identifying mispriced securities, earns abnormal excess returns. Also, according to Kraft et al. (2006), investors' fixation on earnings does not misprice loss companies. This issue is because the investors consider the reported losses of the companies and then analyze the components of the losses and the reasons. Thus, the presence of loss companies in estimations weakens the abnormal returns of the trading strategy based on the firm-specific differential persistence of earnings components. Conclusion: This study shows that investors can achieve abnormal excess returns by considering the information content of the earnings components in the valuation of securities.
Electrochemical Properties of Titanium Oxides with Disordered Layer Stacking through Flocculation of Exfoliated Titania Nanosheets

Two-dimensional nanosheets obtained via the exfoliation of layered compounds have been studied intensively in recent years. Titania nanosheets would be promising candidates as active materials for Li-ion batteries because a large amount of lithium ions can be stored in a nanospace constructed with nanosheets. We have synthesized some porous titania materials constructed from nanosheets by freeze-drying, spray-drying, and soft-chemical processes, which worked as rechargeable electrode materials for the lithium battery [1–4].
Mathematical Model of MMT with Profit Return under Monopolistic Competition

Even under constant returns to scale technology there is a positive profit return if the goods are produced in monopolistic competition. By a two-periods overlapping generations (OLG) model with production in monopolistic competition under constant returns to scale in which the economy grows by technological progress and the older generation consumers receive the profits, we consider the problem of budget deficit. We show that the budget deficit equals the difference between the net savings of the younger generation consumers excluding the profits received in the future and that of the older generation consumers in each of the following cases. Also, the following results will be proved. 1) A budget deficit is necessary to realize full employment with constant price when the economy grows. 2) If the budget deficit exceeds the level necessary and sufficient to maintain full employment in a growing economy with constant price, inflation will occur. A stable budget deficit is necessary to prevent further inflation. 3) If the budget deficit is insufficient to maintain full employment, a recession with involuntary unemployment occurs. We can overcome a recession and restore full employment making a budget deficit larger than the one necessary and sufficient to maintain full employment without a recession. Since we can maintain full employment by constant budget deficits, we should not offset the deficit created for overcoming the recession by budget surpluses.
COVID-19 - Socio-Economic Issues and Technological Solutions: A Review

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected human lives around the world as a result of which intellectuals, academicians, scientists across the world foresee an unprecedented transformation in the way that humanity at large carries on with the business of living. The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly influenced the lives of most people on the planet. It has changed daily activities;something as simple as a walk in the park is perceived very differently now. The same is true for businesses. Many businesses have shut down or changed to accommodate social distancing. New patterns of consumer and worker behavior and expectations have emerged during the first weeks of the crisis. Also, World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that the situation could get worse if measures are not taken accordingly in the various sectors adhering to the preventive measures. In this paper, we shed light on socio-economic issues the society at large is facing detailing the aid the multidisciplinary technologies like Data science is providing during this time.
Households-Companies Social Alignment and Portfolio Choice: The ESG Case

This paper demonstrates that when companies’ social values are more aligned with households’, then households do exhibit greater propensity to participate in the stock market; tolerate greater financial risk; invest more and trade less, which lowers the overall volatility. Indeed, we create a households-companies social values alignment index, which reflects companies and households’ adjacent view over core social issue, especially, on ESG issues. For companies’ social value proxy, we utilize data about average companies’ ESG rating; and for households’ we construct an index that captures the overall households’ social value and sentiment toward ESG issues. We then employ Beta-time dependent econometrics technique to generate a time series data to analyze the social values alignment between households and companies to gather our inference. The underlying mechanism to identify our channels is that social alignment increases the households-companies trust and lower the cost to research for stocks. Collectively, households-companies social alignment has implications on key households’ portfolio choice decisions, and ultimately increases the overall welfare.
Information Avoidance and Moral Behavior: Experimental Evidence from Food Choices

Access to morally relevant information could lead to behavioral change, but only if individuals attend to such information. We investigate this issue in the context of food choices, where the consumption of meat from intensive farming negatively affects animal welfare. Based on a pre-registered experiment, we find that about 30 percent of subjects avoid information on animals' living conditions in intensive farming. When receiving information, subjects significantly reduce their propensity to consume meat on average by about 12 percentage points in the laboratory and 6 to 9 percentage points in university canteens. We also find suggestive evidence that individuals who select out of information are particularly responsive to it. This selection pattern impedes the effectiveness of information provision, even when information is provided for free.