Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability Characterization of Gallium Nitride MIS-HEMT Based Cascode Devices for Power Electronic Applications

We present a detailed study of dynamic switching instability and static reliability of a Gallium Nitride (GaN) Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor High-Electron-Mobility-Transistor (MIS-HEMT) based cascode switch under off-state (negative bias) Gate bias stress (VGS, OFF). We have investigated drain channel current (IDS, Max) collapse/degradation and turn-on and rise-time (tR) delay, on-state resistance (RDS-ON) and maximum transconductance (Gm, max) degradation and threshold voltage (VTH) shift for pulsed and prolonged off-state gate bias stress VGS, OFF. We have found that as stress voltage magnitude and stress duration increases, similarly IDS, Max and RDS-ON degradation, VTH shift and turn-on/rise time (tR) delay, and Gm, max degradation increases. In a pulsed off-state VGS, OFF stress experiment, the device instabilities and degradation with electron trapping effects are studied through two regimes of stress voltages. Under low stress, VTH shift, IDS collapse, RDS-ON degradation has very minimal changes, which is a result of a recoverable surface state trapping effect. For high-stress voltages, there is an increased and permanent VTH shift and high IDS, Max and RDS-ON degradation in pulsed VGS, Stress and increased rise-time and turn-on delay. In addition to this, a positive VTH shift and Gm, max degradation were observed in prolonged stress experiments for selected high-stress voltages, which is consistent with interface state generation. These findings provide a path to understand the failure mechanisms under room temperature and also to accelerate the developments of emerging GaN cascode technologies.
Caesalpinia pulcherrima seed galactomannan on rheological properties of dairy desserts

EnglishDairy desserts containing Caesalpinia pulcherrima seed galactomannan were evaluated to determine their static and dynamic rheological behaviors. Variations in consistency index (k), flow behavior (n), yield stress and thixotropy of the desserts indicated that the galactomannan caused an increase in the shear stress and apparent viscosity of the system. All samples exhibited shear-thinning behavior with flow behavior index values (n) between 0.06 and 0.37. Dynamic rheological behavior was evaluated for MD (high solid levels) and MD/2 (half the amount of solids) groups, and both G’ and G’’ moduli were depended on the frequency. The MD and MD/2 groups showed variations in the elastic modulus (G’) throughout the temperature range (mainly at 50 °C), showing greater sensitivity at high temperatures. C. pulcherrima galactomannan was able to promote synergism with starch, milk protein and sucrose and to improve the development of stronger and more resistant gels portuguesSobremesas lacteas contendo galactomanana de semente de Caesalpinia pulcherrima tiveram suas propriedades reologicas estaticas e dinâmicas avaliadas. As variacoes nos indices de consistencia (K) e comportamento de fluxo (n), assim como na tensao inicial de fluxo e na tixotropia das sobremesas mostraram o efeito da galactomanana sobre a tensao de cisalhamento e viscosidade aparente dos sistemas lacteos. Todas as sobremesas exibiram comportamento pseudoplastico, com indices de comportamento de fluxo (n) variando entre 0,06 e 0,37. A reologia dinâmica dos grupos MD (alto teor de solidos) e MD/2 (metade do teor de solidos), mostrou G’ > G’’ e modulos dependentes da frequencia e da temperatura. Alteracoes quimicas nos componentes das sobremesas foram observadas a 50° C em virtude da maior sensibilidade dos valores de G’ e G” a partir dessa temperatura. A galactomanana de C. pulcherrima contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de geis mais fortes e resistentes nas sobremesas lacteas, bem como mostrou sinergismo com amido, proteina do leite e sacarose
Eye-Bulging Behavior in Lizards of the Genus Sceloporus: A Role in Chemical Communication?

We examined eye-bulging behavior in relation to scent-marking and chemosensory behavior in three species of iguanian lizards, Sceloporus jarrovii, S. tristichus, and S. virgatus, in a controlled environment. We studied males of the three species and also females of S. jarrovii and S. tristichus. Overall, the frequency of eye-bulging was positively correlated to the frequency of chin wipes in males, but not females. Chin wipes rarely occurred in the absence of eye-bulging; they were closely associated with the latter and, to some degree, to other chemosensory behavior. Of the three species, S. virgatus exhibited the highest eye-bulging frequency. The possibility of eye-bulging behavior being utilized for chemical communication is discussed.
Impacts of Climate Change on the Potential Productivity of Eleven Staple Crops in Rwanda

This study quantifies the potential responses of 11 staple crop yields to projected changes in temperature and precipitation in Rwanda, using a cross sectional model based on yield data collected across more than 14,000 villages. We incorporated a relatively high spatial resolution dataset on crop productivity, considered a broad range of crops relevant to national agricultural production priorities, used environmental data developed specifically for Rwanda, and reported uncertainty both from our estimation model and due to uncertainty in future climate projections. We estimate that future climate change will have the largest impacts on potential productivity of maize, bush bean, and Irish potato. All three crops are likely to experience a reduction in potential yields of at least 10% under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and at least 15% under RCP 8.5 by 2050. Notably, these are important crops nationally, and three of the crops targeted by Rwanda’s Crop Intensification Program. We find that the most severe reductions in potential crop yields will occur in the drier eastern savannah and plateau regions, but that the impacts of climate change could be neutral or even positive in the highlands through mid-century. The refined spatial scale of our analysis allows us to identify potentially vulnerable regions where adaptation investments may need to be prioritized to support food security and climate resilience in Rwanda’s agricultural sector.
Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Modeling Over the Maritime Continent: A Review

The Maritime Continent (MC) plays a vitally important role in the Earth's climate system from both oceanic and atmospheric perspectives. While the critical role of ocean‐atmosphere coupled dynamics over the MC has long been recognized, development of two‐way coupled regional climate models for this region is still in its early stages. In this work, the authors review recent progress in two‐way coupled ocean‐atmosphere regional climate modeling. Development of coupled models and their applications in the MC are summarized. Model performances are discussed with a focus on regional oceanic and atmospheric characteristics. Through a critical review of modeling advances and limitations in simulating sea surface temperature, precipitation, and oceanic throughflows, the authors identify deficiencies of current models and discuss possible reasons. The review shows that model biases mainly stem from unresolved physical processes, inadequate model representations of the coupled system, and uncertainties in model configurations. The study reveals large‐scale coupled modes of variability, local air‐sea interactions, atmospheric dynamics, and oceanic processes play various roles in the observed modeling biases. Lastly, the authors offer suggestions on emerging opportunities for improving regional coupled modeling over the MC.
Collaborative peer feedback and learning analytics: theory-oriented design for supporting class-wide interventions

Abstract Although dialogue can augment the impact of feedback on student learning, dialogic feedback is unaffordable by instructors teaching large classes. In this regard, peer feedback can offer a scalable and effective solution. However, the existing practices optimistically rely on students’ discussion about feedback and lack a systematic design approach. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework of collaborative peer feedback which structures feedback dialogue into three distinct phases and outlines the learning processes involved in each of them. Then, we present a web-based platform, called Synergy, which is designed to facilitate collaborative peer feedback as conceptualised in the theoretical framework. To enable instructor support and facilitation during the feedback practice, we propose a learning analytics support integrated into Synergy. The consolidated model of learning analytics, which concerns three critical pieces for creating impactful learning analytics practices, theory, design and data science, was employed to build the analytics support. The learning analytics support aims to guide instructors’ class-wide actions toward improving students’ learning experiences during the three phases of peer feedback. The actionable insights that the learning analytics support offers are discussed with examples.
Lightweight 3-D Beamforming Design in 5G UAV Broadcasting Communications

Owning the merits of flexible networking, rapid deployment, strong line-of-sight communications and so on, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has been regarded as a promising technology for the Fifth-Generation (5G) wireless network to realise its ambition of ubiquitous connectivity to support the various applications, e.g., broadcasting/multicasting services. However, the unique features of the UAV systems, e.g., highly agile mobility in the three-dimensional space, and the significant size, weight and power constraints, pose new challenges for 5G broadcasting communications. In order to fully harvest the benefits of UAV-aided 5G communications for broadcasting services, a new position based lightweight beamforming technology is proposed in this paper to enhance the capability of signal reception in 5G UAV broadcasting communications. Instead of relying on the channel estimation to form beams, which would cause significant broadband consumption, the position and mobility information of UAV system is exploited to predict UAV movement and form narrow beams to track UAV for signal enhancement and interference cancellation. To flight against the inherent position error, a new position correction method is designed to jointly utilise the DoA information of 5G system and the position information of the UAV system. Comprehensive simulation experiments are conducted based on 3GPP 5G specifications and the results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the benchmark Zero-Forcing (ZF) without position prediction and position-based beamforming without position correction.
Low-Temperature Solution Approaches for the Potential Integration of Ferroelectric Oxide Films in Flexible Electronics

This technical review presents the state of the art in low-temperature chemical solution deposition (CSD) processing of ferroelectric oxide thin films. To achieve the integration of multifunctional crystalline oxides with flexible and semiconductor devices is, today, crucial to meet the demands of coming electronic devices. Hence, amorphous metal–oxide–semiconductors have been recently introduced in thin-film electronics. However, their benefits are limited compared with those of ferroelectric oxides, in which intrinsic multifunctionality would make possible multiple operations in the device. However, ferroelectricity is linked to a noncentrosymmetric crystal structure that is achieved, in general, at high temperatures, over 500 °C. These temperatures exceed the thermal stability of flexible polymer substrates and are not compatible with those permitted in the current fabrication routines of Si-based devices. In addition, the manufacturing of flexible electronic devices not only calls for low-temperature fabrication processes but also for deposition techniques that scale easily to the large areas required in flexible devices. In this regard, CSD processes are the best positioned today to integrate metal oxide thin films with flexible substrates as a large-area, low-cost, high-throughput fabrication technique. Here, we review the progress made in the last years in fabricating at low-temperature crystalline ferroelectric oxide thin films via CSD methods, highlighting the recent work of our group in the preparation of ferroelectric oxide thin films on flexible polyimide substrates.
Knowledge of “Pre mathematics” in Times of the Modern Mathematics Movement (1960-1980)

Through the historical analysis of Dienes’ works and through the suggestions of activities, the objective of this text is to understand the movement of systematization of knowledge for teaching and to teach classification, ranking, and ordination through the use of logical blocks during the Modern Mathematics Movement (1960-1980), a time of transformations in the structure and teachings of mathematics characterized by the circulation of educational experiences, which recommended the use of logical blocks as facilitators in the materialization of abstract ideas. To assist in this study, we bring references mobilized in works from the Research Team in the History of Educational Sciences (ERHISE), from the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Such references seek to historically understand the professional knowledge of teaching, objectified in legislation, programs, curriculum, decrees, among others with regard to the knowledge to teach and for teaching. The study suggests that one of the objectified knowledges in Brazilian programs, is the way to approach the logical-mathematical structures in a concrete way, that is, with the use of logical blocks to build and materialize knowledge referring to the logical structures of classification, ranking and ordination.
PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF PERIARTICULAR HYALURONIC ACID INFILTRATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS

ABSTRACT Objective: To prospectively, clinically and functionally follow-up patients previously diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis after periarticular application of hyaluronic acid and analyze the results. Methods: All patients were previously treated conservatively and had no clinical improvement. Data such as age, positivity for specific tests (Cozen and Mill), visual analogue pain scale (VAS) before and during dorsiflexion of the wrist with resistance, diagnosis time, Mayo Elbow Performance Score was collected. Patients were reevaluated 30 and 90 days after application. Results: The positivity rates for Cozen and Mill tests were identical, starting at 100%, dropping to 50% after one month, and ending at 41.7% after 3 months. The initial Mayo Elbow Score average was 61.3 points; 85.8 in the first month, remaining at 85 in the third month. VAS in active force situations had the initial average of 8.1; after one month it dropped to 3.8, and 3.6 after three months. At rest, the initial average was 5.9; after one month it decreased to 3 and ended at 2.1 in three months. Conclusion: Patients showed improvement in pain parameters, in the Mayo Elbow Performance Score standard, but with 25% of failure in satisfaction. Level of evidence IV, Case series.
Research on Intelligent Vehicle Damage Assessment System Based on Computer Vision

At present, under the guidance of the new generation of information technology, the rapid accumulation of data, the continuous improvement of computing power, the continuous optimization of algorithm models, and the rapid rise of multi-scene applications have made profound changes in the development environment of artificial intelligence. In this paper, based on the demand of automobile insurance claims and intelligent transportation, combined with abundant basic data and advanced machine vision algorithm, an intelligent damage determination system of ‘Artificial Intelligence + Vehicle Insurance’ is constructed. This paper first introduces the functions of the intelligent damage assessment system. Secondly, it discusses the realization path of each functional module in detail, and finally puts forward the vision for the future.
Contribution of Secondary Particles to Wintertime PM2.5 During 2015–2018 in a Major Urban Area of the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China

A novel method, noted as approximate envelope method (AEM), was developed to estimate the secondary PM2.5 concentrations based on the air quality monitoring data. This approach made it possible to obtain the long‐term characteristics of the secondary PM2.5 using only conventional observations. The secondary PM2.5 concentrations and their variation characteristics under different PM2.5 pollution levels during wintertime of 2015 to 2018 in Chengdu, a major urban area of Sichuan Basin over Southwest China, were analyzed. The results showed that the secondary PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 52.3 to 122.8 μg·m−3 and accounted for 56.3%, 63.6%, and 67.4% of the total PM2.5 in slight, moderate, and heavy pollution status, respectively. Additionally, the concentrations of secondary PM2.5 increased year by year, while the concentrations of primary PM2.5 performed significant decreasing trends from 2015 to 2018. The diurnal variations of primary and secondary PM2.5 presented a significantly unimodal patterns but with maximum at morning and noon, respectively. Specific meteorological conditions such as high (low) relative humidity and temperature (wind speed and air pressure) aggravated the secondary particulate pollution in wintertime of Chengdu, reflecting an influence of regional climate change over the Sichuan Basin of Southwest China on the urban air pollution.
Glomerular Regeneration Is Delayed in Nephritic α8-Integrin-Deficient Mice: Contribution of α8-Integrin to the Regulation of Mesangial Cell Apoptosis

Background/Aims: α8β1-Integrin is expressed in mesangial cells. In vitro studies suggest a role for α8-integrin in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. We tested the hypothesis that α8-integrin is essential for the healing process after mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Methods: Mice homozygous for a deletion of the α8-integrin chain were compared with wild-type mice. To study glomerular healing, we used the habu toxin model of reversible mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Animals received 6 mg/kg habu toxin intravenously; controls received saline only. Results: Early mesangiolysis occurred in wild-type and α8-integrin-deficient mice. However, mesangiolysis was no longer detectable after 7 days in wild types but persisted after 14 days in α8-integrin-deficient animals. Mesangial activation marker α-smooth muscle actin was detectable only at day 7 in wild-type mice but persisted until day 14 in α8-integrin-deficient mice. In wild types, glomerular cell proliferation and apoptosis peaked at day 7 and decreased thereafter but remained elevated in α8-integrin-deficient mice until day 28. In cultivated mesangial cells, α8-integrin expression was associated with increased cell survival. Conclusion: Interactions between α8-integrin and the mesangial matrix may contribute to healing of glomerular injury by influencing cell proliferation and apoptosis.
A Fiber Bundle Space Theory of Nonlocal Metamaterials

It is proposed that spacetime is not the most proper space to describe metamaterials with nonlocality. Instead, we show that the most general and suitable configuration space for doing electromagnetic theory in nonlocal domains is a proper function-space infinite-dimensional (Sobolev) vector bundle, a special case of the general topological structure known as fiber bundles. It appears that this generalized space explains why nonlocal metamaterials cannot have unique EM boundary conditions at interfaces involving spatially dispersive media.
Review of recent empirical research (2011–2018) on language assessment in China

Abstract This article reviews a selected sample of 70 empirical studies in journal articles and doctoral dissertations on language assessment in China between 2011 and 2018. Following a brief introduction to the history and current state of language assessment in China, the article presents a critical review of language assessment research on six themes that have aroused the greatest interest from researchers in the country, including (1) test reliability and validity; (2) factors affecting test performance; (3) rating and rating scales; (4) technology and language testing; (5) test washback; and (6) classroom-based assessment. In addition to situating the commentary on the studies within the social, cultural and historical contexts of China, this article outlines the scholarly contributions of these studies to the wider international field of language learning, teaching and assessment. It concludes with recommendations on areas in need of further development over the coming decades.
Liouvillian exceptional points of any order in dissipative linear bosonic systems: Coherence functions and switching between 
PT
 and anti-
PT
 symmetries

Usually, when investigating exceptional points (EPs) of an open Markovian bosonic system, one deals with spectral degeneracies of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian (NHH), which can correctly describe the system dynamics only in the semiclassical regime. A recently proposed quantum Liouvillian framework enables to completely determine the dynamical properties of such systems and their EPs (referred to as Liouvillian EPs, or LEPs) in the quantum regime by taking into account the effects of quantum jumps, which are ignored in the NHH formalism. Moreover, the symmetry and eigenfrequency spectrum of the NHH become a part of much larger Liouvillian eigenspace. As such, the EPs of an NHH form a subspace of the LEPs. Here we show that once an NHH of a dissipative linear bosonic system exhibits an EP of a certain finite order $n$, it immediately implies that the corresponding LEP can become of any higher order $m\geq n$, defined in the infinite Hilbert space. Most importantly, these higher-order LEPs can be identified by the coherence and spectral functions at the steady state. The coherence functions can offer a convenient tool to probe extreme system sensitivity to external perturbations in the vicinity of higher-order LEPs. As an example, we study a linear bosonic system of a bimodal cavity with incoherent mode coupling to reveal its higher-order LEPs; particularly, of second and third order via first- and second-order coherence functions, respectively. Accordingly, these LEPs can be additionally revealed by squared and cubic Lorentzian spectral lineshapes in the power and intensity-fluctuation spectra. Moreover, we demonstrate that these EPs can also be associated with spontaneous parity-time (${\cal PT}$) and anti-${\cal PT}$-symmetry breaking in the system studied.
Polyandry, sperm competition, and reproductive success in mice

Previous studies have attempted to assess the reproductive benefits of polyandry in mammals but have failed to account for variation in mating frequency across experimental treatments. Recently, it has been shown that multiply sired litters are common in natural populations of house mice, suggesting that female mice are actively polyandrous and sperm competition occurs in this species. Here we show that female house mice mated to 3 males (polyandry) had greater postbirth pup survival than females mated 3 times to the same male (monandry). Remote behavioral observations revealed that copulation frequency did not differ across our experimental treatments. We discuss this result with reference to genetic benefit hypotheses for the evolution of polyandry. Furthermore, by genotyping parents and offspring in the polyandrous treatment, we assessed which male reproductive traits contributed to paternity. We found that the first principal component describing variation in 10 male reproductive variables explained a significant proportion of the variation in paternity when males were second to mate. This component was weighted predominantly by measures of sperm length, suggesting that males with short sperm may be more successful when engaging in a disfavored role of sperm competition. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.