Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Household? Child Labor in Bangladesh: Are Children the Last Economic Resource of the

This article uses data from the Bangladesh Labor Force Survey 2000 to analyze the magnitude, nature and determinants of child labor in Bangladesh. The magnitude of the ‘child labor’ problem is large in Bangladesh, with around 5.4–7.9 million, or about one-fifth of all Bangladeshi children between the ages of 5 and 14 years, being classified as child workers in 2000. Most of these child workers work in the agricultural sector. Among the poorest quintile of households, the share of family income contributed by child workers reaches nearly 50 percent. The article finds support for the widely-held hypothesis that poverty compels children to work. The analysis of links between adult employment and child labor also lends support to the hypothesis that children are the last economic resource of the household. Children are much more likely to work when they live in a household where the potential of income generation is low and where this potential has already been used up.
Mapping and QTL analysis of the barley population Tallon x Kaputar

A genetic map of barley with 224 AFLP and 39 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was constructed using a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population from a cross between the varieties Tallon and Kaputar. Linkage groups were assigned to individual barley chromosomes using the published map locations of the SSR markers as reference points. This genetic map was used to identify markers with linkage to agronomic, disease, and quality traits in barley. The population, which comprised 65 lines, was tested in a range of environments across Australia. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses were performed using software packages MapMaker, MapManager, and Qgene. Significant associations with markers were found for several traits. Grain yield showed significant association with regions on chromosomes 2H, 3H, and 5H over a range of sites throughout Australia. Regions on chromosomes 2H and 3H explained 30% and 26% of variation in lodging, respectively. Among quality traits, diastatic power was associated with regions on chromosomes 1H, 2H, and 5H (R2 = 37%). Hot water extract was associated with a region on chromosome 6H and a marker not assigned to a chromosome (R2 = 45%). There were also environment-specific QTLs for the traits analysed. The markers identified here present an opportunity for marker assisted selection of lines for these traits in barley breeding programs.
Ecological Responsiveness and Corporate Real Estate

Firms’ real estate choices significantly affect their sustainability, due to real estate’s impact on the natural environment. This paper investigates the ecological responsiveness of firms in specific industries by analyzing the decisions these firms make in occupying office space. We analyze the decisions of more than 11,000 tenants to choose office space in green buildings or in, otherwise comparable, conventional buildings nearby. Controlling for building quality and location, we find that corporations in the oil and banking industries, as well as non-profit organizations, are among the most prominent green tenants. Furthermore, measures of an industry’s human capital intensity are positively related to the propensity to lease green office space. These empirical findings confirm the theoretical framework on economic advantage and institutional pressure as important determinants for the ecological responsiveness of firms.
Thermochemistry of MgCr 2 O 4 , MgAl 2 O 4 , MgFe 2 O 4 spinels in SO 2 − O 2 − SO 3 atmosphere ✩

The present paper investigates high-temperature sulphate corrosion of basic refractory ceramics containing magnesium spinels (MgAl2O4, MgFe2O4, MgCr2O4 and their solid solutions) widely used in metallurgy, chemical, ceramic and glass industry. This group of refractories are exposed to a number of destructive factors during a working campaign. One of such factors is gas corrosion caused by sulphur oxides. However, gas sulphate corrosion of basic refractory materials containing magnesium spinels, which has a great practical meaning for the corrosion resistance of the material main components, is not sufficiently examined. This work presents a thermodynamic analysis of (MgCr2O4, MgAl2O4, MgFe2O4)−SO2−O2−SO3 system aimed to calculate: i) the standard free enthalpy of chemical reactions, ii) the equilibrium composition of the gas mixture initially containing SO2 and O2 and iii) sulphates equilibrium dissociation pressure and equilibrium partial pressure for the reaction of SO3 with the spinels to predict the temperature range of corrosion products’ stability. A thermochemical calculation provides information about equilibrium state in the analysed system. In real conditions the state of equilibrium does not have to be achieved. For this reason, the results of calculations were compared with experimental data. The experiment results were consistent with the theoretical predictions.
The role of males in the dynamics of ungulate populations

Summary 1 In this review, we focus on how males can affect the population dynamics of ungulates (i) by being a component of population density (and thereby affecting interpretation of log-linear models), and (ii) by considering the mechanisms by which males can actively affect the demographic rates of females. 2 We argue that the choice of measure of density is important, and that the inclusion or exclusion of males into models can influence results. For example, we demonstrate that if the dynamics of a population can be described with a first-order auto-regressive process in a log-linear framework, the asymmetry between the effects of females on the male dynamics and vice versa can introduce a second order process, much in the same way that the interaction between disease and host or predator and prey can. It would be useful for researchers with sufficient data to explore the affects of using different density measures. 3 In general, even in harvested populations with highly skewed sex ratios, males are usually able to fertilize all females, though detailed studies document a lower proportion of younger females breeding when sex ratios are heavily female biased. It is well documented that the presence of males can induce oestrus in females, and that male age may also be a factor. In populations with both a skewed sex ratio and a young male age structure, calving is delayed and less synchronous. We identify several mechanisms that may be responsible for this. 4 Delayed calving may lower summer survival and autumn masses, which may lead to higher winter mortality. If females are born light, they may require another year of growth before they start reproducing. Delayed calving can reduce future fertility of the mother. As the proportion of calves predated during the first few weeks of life is often very high, calving synchrony may also be an important strategy to lower predation rates. 5 We argue that the effects of males on population dynamics of ungulates are likely to be non-trivial, and that their potential effects should not be ignored. The mechanisms we discuss may be important – though much more research is required before we can demonstrate they are.
Development of an Uncooled Photomechanic Infrared Sensor Based on the IR Organ of the Pyrophilous Jewel Beetle Melanophila Acuminata

Abstract : Initial efforts focused on the MEMS materials development effort including deposition and patterning process for chitosan, and more recent work resulted in the development of a photolithography process for chitosan compatible with traditional microfabrication processes. In order to realize a bio-inspired imaging system based on melanophila acuminata, the polysaccharide chitosan (a water-soluble derivative of chitin which can be reacetylated back to chitin through post-processing) was engineered from a commercially available power into a thin film compatible with semiconductor microfabrication processes. Substantial, novel work went into the synthesis, characterization, deposition and patterning of chitosan. MEMS compatible fabrication methods were developed. Controlled deposition of chitosan up to 5 um thick, with uniformity of 10% and roughness of less than 1% has been achieved. Stress temperature curves were recorded from amient to dehydrated conditions showing a clear hysteresis curve which can be exploited for exploited for thermal IR transduction purposes.
EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS IN ROMANIAN MUNICIPALITIES

While economies are becoming more and more knowledge based, investment in intangibles assets becomes important tools for management if they are properly measured and recognized. While the literature states that the economic success is based on the effective utilization of intangible assets, in the public sector there is low level of interest in their identification, measurement and disclosure. In the light of the theoretical evidences, the purpose of our research is to verify the developed stage of intangible assets process in Romanian municipalities as regards the awareness, measurement and disclosure in 2012 annual reports. Also, the paper presents the most influential factors of intangible assets information disclosure. In order to do this, a disclosure index has been created, based on the requirements related to the intangible assets, taking into account the referential of Romanian regulations (OMFP 1917 updated) and International Public Sector Accounting Standards The research is based on content analysis and in-depth interviews methods for collecting data from the 104 Romanian municipalities. The analysis led to the conclusion that the disclosure index of intangible assets is 0.28, where the municipality population and assets are the variables that are considered explanatory of the variation of the disclosure index in the regression analysis performed. There were identified no supplementary measurement ways of intangible assets voluntary disclosed, although the Romanian municipalities present some characteristics related to intangible assets. While management control is more and more important in local public administration, aiming to improve internal performance, the measurement and disclosure of intangible assets becomes a goal.
Paczynski-Wiita-like potential for any static spherical black hole in metric theories of gravity

The pseudo-Newtonian potential of Paczynski and Wiita for particles orbiting a Schwarzschild black hole is generalized to arbitrary static and spherically symmetric spacetimes, including black hole solutions of alternative theories of gravity. In addition to being more general, our prescription differs substantially from a previous one in the literature, showing that the association of a pseudo-Newtonian potential even with a simple black hole metric is not unique.
Job satisfaction, organisational commitment and work engagement in an insurance company

Retaining talented employees and keeping them healthy and well are increasingly important challenges for organisations in the age of the knowledge worker. Organisations are interrogating aspects such as the reasons why some employees are more satisfied, committed and engaged to their organisations than others. Another question is: what should managers do to ensure employee wellness within their organisations? This study explores the relationship between job satisfaction, organisational commitment and work engagement. Spectorâ€™s (1997) Job Satisfaction Survey, Allen and Meyerâ€™s (1990) Organisational Commitment Questionnaire and Schaufeli and Bakkerâ€™s (2004) Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were administered to a sample of 220 employees from a South African insurance company. The findings show mixed results with regard to significant correlations between job satisfaction, organisational commitment and work engagement. The majority of the findings suggest that there are significant correlations, of a large and medium effect, between scales, including a number of positive relationships of varying strength between job satisfaction, organisational commitment and selected components of work engagement. The findings could benefit organisations as they could contribute to a better understanding of what motivates their workers, particularly their levels of satisfaction, commitment and engagement, and what the combined effect of these might be on the retention and wellness of employees.
Artificial Gene Regulatory Networks—A Review

In nature, gene regulatory networks are a key mediator between the information stored in the DNA of living organisms (their genotype) and the structural and behavioral expression this finds in their bodies, surviving in the world (their phenotype). They integrate environmental signals, steer development, buffer stochasticity, and allow evolution to proceed. In engineering, modeling and implementations of artificial gene regulatory networks have been an expanding field of research and development over the past few decades. This review discusses the concept of gene regulation, describes the current state of the art in gene regulatory networks, including modeling and simulation, and reviews their use in artificial evolutionary settings. We provide evidence for the benefits of this concept in natural and the engineering domains.
Exercise time cues (zeitgebers) for human circadian systems can foster health and improve performance: a systematic review

Background Circadian system time cues (zeitgebers) acting synergistically at the right times can foster chronobiological homeostasis and ultimately health. Modern 24/7 societies are challenging chronobiological homeostasis and public health. Exercise has been discussed as a potential zeitgeber for the human circadian system. Thus, if timed correctly, exercise may help in maintenance of chronobiological homeostasis and foster public health amidst increasingly challenging 24/7 lifestyles. Objective To test, using a systematic review of the literature, the following hypothesis: exercise is a zeitgeber for the human circadian system. Data sources The PubMed database was systematically searched on 19 October 2017 for relevant scientific studies and reports concerning chronobiology and exercise. Eligibility criteria were defined to include articles considering exercise as a potential zeitgeber for human circadian rhythmicity or chronobiological effects of exercise on health and/or physical performance. Cognitive effects and effects on children were excluded from the synthesis. Results Our systematic literature search and synthesis is compatible with the validity of the hypothesis. We report that potential exercise-zeitgeber properties may be used to improve health and performance. Conclusions Informed timing of exercise, specific to the circadian rhythm phase and zeitgeber exposure of the individual, must be advocated in performance and disease contexts as an adjunct therapeutic or preventative strategy and physical enhancer.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Ralstonia solanacearum Strains P816, P822, and P824, Emerging Pathogens of Blueberry in Florida

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt in numerous species of plants. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of three phylogenetically diverse R. solanacearum strains, P816, P822, and P824, reported for the first time as causal agents of an emerging blueberry disease in Florida. ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt in numerous species of plants. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of three phylogenetically diverse R. solanacearum strains, P816, P822, and P824, reported for the first time as causal agents of an emerging blueberry disease in Florida.
Models of care for chronic conditions in low/middle-income countries: a ‘best fit’ framework synthesis

Management of chronic conditions is a challenge for healthcare delivery systems world over and especially for low/middle-income countries (LMIC). Redesigning primary care to deliver quality care for chronic conditions is a need of the hour. However, much of the literature is from the experience of high-income countries. We conducted a synthesis of qualitative findings regarding care for chronic conditions at primary care facilities in LMICs. The themes identified were used to adapt the existing chronic care model (CCM) for application in an LMIC using the ‘best fit’ framework synthesis methodology. Primary qualitative research studies were systematically searched and coded using themes of the CCM. The results that could not be coded were thematically analysed to generate themes to enrich the model. Search strategy keywords were: primary health care, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, chronic disease, developing countries, low, middle-income countries and LMIC country names as classified by the World Bank. The search yielded 404 articles, 338 were excluded after reviewing abstracts. Further, 42 articles were excluded based on criteria. Twenty-four studies were included for analysis. All themes of the CCM, identified a priori, were represented in primary studies. Four additional themes for the model were identified: a focus on the quality of communication between health professionals and patients, availability of essential medicines, diagnostics and trained personnel at decentralised levels of healthcare, and mechanisms for coordination between healthcare providers. We recommend including these in the CCM to make it relevant for application in an LMIC.
Moral Behavior in the Locker Room Predicts Perceptions of Task Cohesion in Youth Ice Hockey Player

Abstract Task cohesion (i.e., perceptions of team unity towards a task goal and positive feelings towards one’s own involvement) is associated with myriad psychosocial benefits for youth athletes. Accordingly, sport researchers and youth sport stakeholders are interested in ways of fostering task cohesion. Recent work has found evidence that prosocial and antisocial behaviors among teammates are associated with athletes’ perceptions of task cohesion; however, this research has been limited to moral behavior that takes place during gameplay. Despite youth sport experiences extending well beyond practices and games, we know very little about how moral behavior between teammates, in settings outside gameplay, relates to perceptions of task cohesion. To address this knowledge gap, the current study investigated whether prosocial and antisocial behaviors in the locker room setting were associated with perceptions of task cohesion in a sample of 238 youth male ice hockey players (Mage = 10.75). Using hierarchical regression analyses, our results revealed that (a) perceptions of peer prosocial behavior was positively associated with task cohesion, (b) perceptions of peer antisocial behavior was negatively associated with task cohesion, and (c) self-reported perceptions of participants’ own moral behavior was not significantly associated with task cohesion. Given the association with perceptions of task cohesion, these findings underline the value in promoting prosocial behavior and reducing antisocial behavior in sport settings outside gameplay and hold multiple theoretical and practical implications. Notably, moral behavior that takes place outside gameplay settings may be related to perceptions of task cohesion that primarily relates to goals and interactions during gameplay.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris 3107, Host for the Model Lactococcal P335 Bacteriophage TP901-1

The complete genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris 3107, a dairy starter strain and a host for the model lactococcal P335 bacteriophage TP901-1, is reported here. ABSTRACT The complete genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris 3107, a dairy starter strain and a host for the model lactococcal P335 bacteriophage TP901-1, is reported here. The circular chromosome of L. lactis subsp. cremoris 3107 is among the smallest genomes of currently sequenced lactococcal strains. L. lactis subsp. cremoris 3107 harbors a complement of six plasmids, which appears to be a reflection of its adaptation to the nutrient-rich dairy environment.
Depression and Anxiety Disorders among Schoolgoing Adolescents in an Urban Area of South India

Context: Adolescence is a period of turmoil, leading to several mental health challenges including anxiety and/or depression. Aims: To study the prevalence of depression and anxiety among higher school going adolescents and their sociodemographic correlates. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study included 201 schoolgoing adolescents. Subjects and Methods: Depression and anxiety were measured using Beck Depression Inventory and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test and binary logistic Regression with Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit model. Results: Overall, 82 (40.8%) showed depression (from mild mood disturbance to severe and extreme depression). Among females, it was 49.3% (vs. 35.9% among males, odds ratio [OR] 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–03.97, P = 0.046). Overall, 110 (54.7%) participants had one or the other type of anxiety. Depression among the participants having one or other type of anxiety was 60% (vs. 17.6% without anxiety, OR 7.34; 95% CI: 3.68–14.64, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Depression and anxiety were high among the study participants. Co-existing anxiety and female gender are significantly associated with depression among them. Increasing age, socioeconomic factors, and parental education are other factors influencing depression and anxiety but were statistically not significant.
First Detection and Genome Sequence of Senecavirus A in Vietnam

In 2018, senecavirus A was detected for the first time in Vietnam. This report contains the first complete genome of a senecavirus A isolate collected from pigs in Kon Tum Province, Vietnam. ABSTRACT In 2018, senecavirus A was detected for the first time in Vietnam. This report contains the first complete genome of a senecavirus A isolate collected from pigs in Kon Tum Province, Vietnam. This novel incursion has substantial implications for regional control of vesicular transboundary diseases.