Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alterations of the fine structure and androgen secretion of interstitial cells in the experimentally cryptorchid rat testis.

The ultrastructural features of the intertubular tissue of the adult rat testis have been studied following the induction of cryptorchidism by surgical translocation of the testes into the abdom- inal cavity. The principles of stereology were used to assess the changes in the cytological features of the Leydig cells that occur 4 weeks after inducing cryptorchidism. Following the induction of cryptorchidism the principal changes observed were the hypertrophy of the Leydig cells with respect to cellular size and the increased quantities of Leydig cell organdIes, particularly the mitochondria, Golgi membranes and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Despite the increase in organdies associated with steroid biosynthesis, serum testosterone levels of cryptorchid animals were either significantly lower or remained unchanged from normal control values, although serum LU levels were consistently elevated following induction of cryptorchidism. Furthermore, stimu- lation of the cryptorchid testis with hCG resulted in a subnormal increase in serum testosterone levels. The cytological changes in the Leydig cells are suggestive of increased steroid secretion and the normal or lowered levels of testosterone in the peripheral circulation of cryptorchid rats indicate the possibility of a biosynthetic block of testosterone production or alternatively the conversion of testosterone to other metabolites by the seminiferous tubule compartment.
Shape Preserving Rational Trigonometric Spline Curves

This paper focuses on shape preservation of data. A piecewise rational cubic trigonometric function with three parameters has been constructed to visualize shape preserving positive, monotone and convex data. Two of the parameters are constrained to create the shape preserving curve through positive, monotone and convex data, while, the remaining one is free for shape flexibility of the curve.
Benefits of Wake-Up Radio in Energy-Efficient Multimodal Surveillance Wireless Sensor Network

Scarce energy budget of battery-powered wireless sensor nodes calls for cautious power management not to compromise performance of the system. To reduce both energy consumption and delay in energy-hungry wireless sensor networks for latency-restricted surveillance scenarios, this paper proposes a multimodal two-tier architecture with wake-up radio receivers. In video surveillance applications, using information from distributed low-power pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors, which detect human presence limits the activity of cameras and reduces their energy consumption. PIR sensors transmit the information about the event to camera nodes using wake-up radio receivers. We show the benefits of wake-up receivers over duty cycling in terms of overcoming energy consumption versus latency tradeoff (proved with two orders of magnitude lower latency-only 9 ms). At the same time, the power consumption of the camera node, including a wake-up receiver is comparable with the one having only duty-cycled main transceiver with 1% duty cycle (about 32 mW for 25 activations per hour).
Clustering large files of documents using the single-link method

A method for clustering large files of documents using a clustering algorithm which takes O(n2) operations (single-link) is proposed. This method is tested on a file of 11,613 documents derived from an operational system. One property of the generated cluster hierarchy (hierarchy connection percentage) is examined and it indicates that the hierarchy is similar to those from other test collections. A comparison of clustering times with other methods showsthat large files can be clustered by single-link in a time at least comparable to various heuristic algorithms which theoretically require fewer operations.
Clusterized Mel Filter Cepstral Coefficients and Support Vector Machines for Bird Song Identification

The method we present here is a rather simple strategy for bird songs and calls classification. It builds on known and efficient technologies and ideas and must be considered as a baseline on this challenge. As we are also co-organizing this challenge, our participation aimed at defining a baseline system, with raw features, that all other participants could compare too. We did not look for optimizing each parameter of our system, and as any other participant, we conducted all the modeling and experimentation applying strictly the rules of the challenge. The method we present is dedicated to the particular setting of the challenge. It relies in particular on the fact that training signals are monolabel, i.e. only one species may be heard, while test signals are multilabeled.
Study of various Slots in Circular Patch for Circularly Polarized Antennas and Enhancing their Gain by Short Horns

A new combination of proximity coupled circular microstrip antenna and integrated square quasi-planer surface mounted short horn (SMSH) is proposed for high gain with circular polarization. The circular polarized gain is 10.02 dBic, axial ratio (AR) is 0.1 dB and 3 dB AR bandwidth is 2.22% from the newly proposed circular dumbbell crossed- slots in patch antenna on low permittivity substrate. The total thickness of the antenna is only 12.58 mm.
Abacavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate co-administration results in a nonadditive antiviral effect in HIV-1-infected patients

Objectives:To evaluate a potential pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic interaction between abacavir (ABC) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Design and methods:This randomized trial compared 7 days of ABC or TDF monotherapy, separated by a 35-day washout, with 7 days of ABC + TDF dual-therapy in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected patients. During each 7-day course, the slope of the phase I viral decay was estimated and steady-state intracellular concentrations of carbovir triphosphate (CBV-TP), deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP), tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) and deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) were determined. Results:Twenty-one participants were randomized to initial monotherapy with ABC (n = 11) or TDF (n = 10). The addition of TDF did not increase the slope of viral decay compared to ABC alone (−0.15 log10 per day vs. −0.16 log10 per day, respectively). No decrease in CBV-TP or TFV-DP between monotherapy and dual-therapy was observed. However, intracellular dATP concentrations increased between monotherapy and dual-therapy [median dATP (fmol/106 cells) 3293 vs. 4638; P = 0.08], although this difference was significant only among patients randomized to TDF [median dATP (fmol/106 cells) 3238 vs. 4534; P = 0.047]. A lower TFV-DP-to-dATP ratio was associated with reduced viral decay during dual-therapy (ρ = −0.529; P = 0.045). Conclusion:In this study, the viral decay during ABC and TDF dual-therapy was similar to that during ABC therapy alone, suggesting a nonadditive antiviral effect. This negative pharmacodynamic interaction was not explained by changes in CBV-TP or TFV-DP concentrations. Rather, modest increases in endogenous dATP pools were associated with reduced antiviral potency of TDF during co-administration with ABC.
Versican Accumulates in Vascular Lesions in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal condition for which there is no effective curative pharmacotherapy. PAH is characterized by vasoconstriction, wall thickening of pulmonary arteries, and increased vascular resistance. Versican is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the vascular extracellular matrix that accumulates following vascular injury and promotes smooth-muscle cell proliferation in systemic arteries. Here, we investigated whether versican may play a similar role in PAH. Paraffin-embedded lung sections from patients who underwent lung transplantation to treat PAH were used for immunohistochemistry. The etiologies of PAH in the subjects involved in this study were idiopathic PAH, scleroderma, and congenital heart disease (atrial septal defect) with left-to-right shunt. Independent of the underlying etiology, increased versican immunostaining was observed in areas of medial thickening, in neointima, and in plexiform lesions. Western blot of lung tissue lysates confirmed accumulation of versican in patients with PAH. Double staining for versican and CD45 showed only occasional colocalization in neointima of high-grade lesions and plexiform lesions. In vitro, metabolic labeling with [35S]sulfate showed that human pulmonary artery smooth-muscle cells (hPASMCs) produce mainly chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. In addition, hypoxia, but not cyclic stretch, was demonstrated to increase both versican messenger RNA expression and protein synthesis by hPASMCs. Versican accumulates in vascular lesions of PAH, and the amount of versican correlates more with lesion severity than with underlying etiology or inflammation. Hypoxia is a possible regulator of versican accumulation, which may promote proliferation of pulmonary smooth-muscle cells and vascular remodeling in PAH.
Heteromeric Mixing of Connexins: Compatibility of Partners and Functional Consequences

Cx43 is widely expressed in many different cell types, and many of these cells also express other connexins. If these connexins are capable of mixing, the functional properties of channels containing heteromeric connexons may substantially influence intercellular communication between such cells. We used biochemical strategies (sedimentation through sucrose gradients, co-immunoprecipitation, or co-purification by Ni-NTA chromatography) to examine heteromeric mixing of Cx43 with other connexins (including Cx26, Cx37, Cx40, Cx45, and Cx56) in transfected cells. These analyses showed that all of the tested connexins except Cx26 formed heteromeric connexons with Cx43. We used the double whole-cell patch-camp technique to analyze the electrophysiological properties of gap junction channels in pairs of co-expressing cells. Cx37 and Cx45 made a large variety of functional heteromeric combinations with Cx43 based on detection of many different single channel conductances. Most of the channel event sizes observed in cells co-expressing Cx40 and Cx43 were similar to those of homomeric Cx43 or Cx40 hemichannels in homo- or hetero-typic configurations. Our data suggest several different possible consequences of connexin co-expression: (1) some combinations of connexins may form heteromeric connexons with novel proeprties; (2) some connexins may form heteromeric channels that do not have unique properties, and (3) some connexins may be incompatible for heteromeric mixing.
The Application of Algorithm Genetic for Tuning Power System Stabilizer In Suralaya Power Plant Generation - West Java

In power system, the application of power system stabilizer (PSS) has been proved to overcome the stability of power system. But on the certain condition such as full load, it is necessary to determine the appropriate PSS parameter. This paper presents the application of algorithm genetic for tuning power system parameter stabilizer. The power plant system that is simulated in this paper is the model of Suralaya Power Generation in West Java - Indonesia. The effectiveness of this method is shown in eigen value analysis and the result of response system simulation.
An instrumental network routing algorithm for wireless networks base on the reinforcement-learning algorithms and network traffic

Reinforcement - Learning methods are widely used in routing problems. These methods interact with the network changes, so are called Adaptive routing methods. Q - Learning algorithms has some quantities which are labeled Q, and are known as headers in routing methods which apply this algorithm. As a result, if we add forward exploration to backward One, their header will be increased. We tried in this paper to decrease the headers of the packets by presenting some changes in above mentioned algorithms which lead to the increased throughput. This parameter is evaluated based on different networks throughput and is compared with present methods.
Fast pedestrian detection based on feature of local model

This paper studies pedestrian detection algorithm based on trapezoidal feature of local model, and applied to his- togram intersection kernel support vector machine (HIKSVM) for verification. In comparison with traditional asymmetry, rectangle and triangle features, the experimental results from trapezoid feature of local model indicate that it can more effec- tively describe the pedestrian's postures and promote the accuracy and robustness of pedestrian detection. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust and accurate against cluttered dynamical background, occlusion and the object deformation, and tested in many pedestrian datasets and achieved good results.
Pendular proteins in gases and new avenues for characterization of macromolecules by ion mobility spectrometry

Polar molecules align in electric fields when the dipole energy (proportional to field intensity E × dipole moment p) exceeds the thermal rotational energy. Small molecules have low p and align only at inordinately high E or upon extreme cooling. Many biomacromolecules and ions are strong permanent dipoles that align at E achievable in gases and room temperature. The collision cross-sections of aligned ions with gas molecules generally differ from orientationally averaged quantities, affecting ion mobilities measured in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Field asymmetric waveform IMS (FAIMS) separates ions by the difference between mobilities at high and low E and hence can resolve and identify macroion conformers based on the mobility difference between pendular and free rotor states. The exceptional sensitivity of that difference to ion geometry and charge distribution holds the potential for a powerful method for separation and characterization of macromolecular species. Theory predicts that the pendular alignment of ions in gases at any E requires a minimum p that depends on the ion mobility, gas pressure, and temperature. At ambient conditions used in current FAIMS systems, p for realistic ions must exceed ≈300–400 Debye. The dipole moments of proteins statistically increase with increasing mass, and such values are typical above ≈30 kDa. As expected for the dipole-aligned regime, FAIMS analyses of protein ions and complexes of ≈30–130 kDa show an order-of-magnitude expansion of separation space compared with smaller proteins and other ions.
Combined variability/sensitivity analysis in III-V and silicon FETs for future technological nodes

In this paper, we present a combined analysis of variability and sensitivity effects on electrical characteristics of In0.53Ga0. 47As and Si ultra-scaled devices with LG = 15 nm. Two different structures, namely Dual-Gate and FinFET, are analyzed for both channel materials. Variability sources considered in this work are Random Dopant Fluctuation (RDF), Work Function Fluctuation (WFF), Body- and Gate-Line Edge Roughness (LER). Sensitivity is assessed by varying process parameters, namely gate length, channel thickness, oxide thickness, and channel doping. Results show that variability in lnGaAs is dominated by both WFF and Body-LER, whereas WFF only dominates in Si devices. Moreover, control over gate length and channel thickness in In0.53Ga0. 47As technology is fundamental in order to keep variability under reasonable values, with FinFET showing slightly better results than Dual-Gate structure. Variability is a major challenge for the industrial introduction of In0.53Ga0. 47As, which could limit the alleged superior performance of In0.53Ga0. 47As over Si.
Education for sustainable development in Computer Science

Abstract In this paper we will consider some of the aspects related to the teaching of sustainable development within the Higher Education computing curriculum — including students’ views on the relevance of this to their education, grounded on the outcome from a case study on student attitudes to this topic. The inclusion of sustainable development material within the curriculum can link with the professional development and career planning of students, as well as providing an appropriate vehicle for the teaching of ethics and exploring issues of social responsibility. The growing recognition of this general area by government, professional bodies and industry means that it can be considered as the role of computing departments to develop this awareness and set of skills in students. This paper is a revised and updated version of a paper presented at the 2009 Higher Education Academy Subject Centre for Information and Computer Sciences Annual Conference (Gordon, 2009).
Measuring planning system performance: the case of housing supply and affordability

INTRODUCTION In the last few years there has been intense interest in the performance of Australia's planning systems. Partly driven by concerns about housing supply and affordability, and in part by a wider regulatory reform agenda, there have been major challenges to the legitimacy of policy settings for land supply, environmental assessment and infrastructure charging (eg. RDC 2007; COAG Reform Council 2010). However, to date the evidence base on planning system performance is limited and largely dominated by sectoral interests. Indicators of performance are often simplistic – focusing on the quantity and speed of decisions – which in many cases misconstrue the wider social and environmental purposes of planning systems. In this context, this paper presents early findings from a larger study (Gurran, Phibbs et al. 2011) which aims to establish a more comprehensive framework for measuring planning performance in relation to housing supply and affordability outcomes and more widely.
Comparative neuroscience of stimulant-induced memory dysfunction: role for neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus

The discovery that the addictive drugs impair neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus has prompted the elaboration of new biological hypotheses to explain addiction and drug-induced cognitive dysfunction. Considerable evidence now implicates the process of adult neurogenesis in at least some critical components of hippocampal-dependent memory function. In experimental models, psychomotor stimulant drugs produce alterations in the rate of birth, survival, maturation and functional integration of adult-born hippocampal neurons. Thus some of the deleterious consequences of drug abuse on memory could result from the neurotoxic actions of drugs on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this review, we will first summarize preclinical and clinical literature on the disruptive effects of drugs such as cocaine and ecstasy in the areas of learning, memory and attention. We will also summarize data that document the widespread effects of stimulant drugs on progenitor activity and precursor incorporation in the adult dentate gyrus. Finally, we will examine evidence that supports the involvement of hippocampal neurogenesis in specific aspects of learning and memory function and we will consider critically the hypothesis that some of the negative consequences of drug abuse on cognition might be ascribed to deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Evidence suggests that stimulant abuse impacts negatively on at least four areas of memory/cognitive function that may be influenced by adult hippocampal neurogenesis: contextual memory, spatial memory, working memory and cognitive flexibility.
Diagnostic utility of a modified forearm ischemic exercise test and technical issues relevant to exercise testing

The sensitivity and specificity of a modified forearm ischemic test (FIT) are described in the diagnosis of glycogen storage disease, myoadenylate deaminase deficiency, and mitochondrial disease. FIT and muscle biopsy results were reviewed from 99 patients (glycogen storage disease [GSD], myoadenylate deaminase deficiency [AMPD], mitochondrial disease [MITO], miscellaneous neuromuscular disorders, and controls). The influence of catheter placement and an antecedent sugar bolus were also assessed in healthy young men. The FIT had a sensitivity of 1.00 and a specificity of 1.00 for a diagnosis of GSD, whereas the corresponding values were 1.00 and 0.37 for AMPD deficiency. A baseline lactate of >2.5 mmol/L provided the highest sensitivity (0.62) and specificity (1.00) for MITO disease. A baseline and +1 min sample provided optimal sensitivity and specificity for GSD and AMPD deficiency. Catheter placement in any vein other than the ipsilateral antecubital resulted in attenuated lactate responses (P < 0.0001). A pre‐FIT sugar bolus did not alter the postexercise lactate or ammonia response. Thus, a modified FIT was helpful in the diagnosis of GSD and excluding AMPD deficiency, but not in the diagnosis of MITO disease. Catheter placement is critical to the interpretation of a FIT, whereas pretesting diet is less important. Muscle Nerve 27: 359–366, 2003
The Cardioprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Rats Is Dose-Dependent and Mediated by BKCa Channels

Abstract:The alpha-2 receptor agonist Dexmedetomidine (Dex) protects the heart against ischemia–reperfusion injury. We investigated the signaling cascade underlying Dex-induced acute cardioprotection, with special emphasis on large-conductance Ca2+-sensitive potassium (BKCa) channels. Rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital. Hearts were isolated, mounted on a Langendorff system and perfused with Krebs–Henseleit buffer. Hearts underwent 33 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Before the beginning of ischemia, Dex was administered at different doses (0.1–30 nM) for characterization of a dose-effect relationship. In another set of experiments, Dex (3 nM) was administered together with the BKCa channel inhibitor paxilline and the connexin-43 inhibitor peptide Gap27. Also, the BKCa channel opener NS1619 was administered. In control animals, infarct size was 49% ± 5%. Dex at 3–30 nM reduced infarct size to ∼22%, whereas lower (0.1–1 nM) doses reduced infarct size to ∼38%. Paxilline (1 &mgr;M) and GAP27 (6 &mgr;M) blocked the Dex-induced cardioprotection. NS1619 (10 &mgr;M) reduced infarct size to about the same magnitude as did the higher doses of Dex. Functional heart parameters and coronary flow were not different between the study groups. In male rats, the Dex-induced protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury involves connexin-43 and activation of BKCa channels.