Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Prevalence of Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Continues to Increase in the South of England

Objective: The incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing over 25 years; however, contemporary trends are not established and the impact of COVID-19 on case rates is unclear. Methods: Data from Southampton Children’s hospital prospective IBD database were retrieved for 2002–2021. Incidence rates were calculated based on referral area populations and temporal trends analysed. Disease prevalence for those aged <18 years was calculated for 2017–2021. Monoclonal prescriptions were reported. Results: In total, 1150 patients were included (mean age at diagnosis 12.63 years, 40.5% female). An estimated 704 patients had Crohn’s disease (61.2%), 385 had ulcerative colitis (33.5%), and 61 had IBD unclassified (5.3%). Overall IBD incidence increased, β = 0.843, P = 3 × 10−6, driven by Crohn’s disease, β = 0.732, P = 0.00024 and ulcerative colitis, β = 0.816, P = 0.000011. There was no change in IBDU incidence, β = 0.230, P = 0.33. From 2002–2021, 51 patients were diagnosed <6 years of age, 160 patients aged 6 to <10 years and 939 patients aged 10 to <18 years of age. Increased incidence was observed in patients aged 10 to <18 years of age (β = 0.888, P = 1.8 × 10−7). There was no significant change in incidence of IBD in <6 years (β = 0.124, P = 0.57), or 6 to <10 years (β = 0.146, P = 0.54). IBD prevalence increased by an average of 1.71%/year from 2017 to 2021, β = 0.979, P = 0.004. The number of new monoclonal prescriptions increased from 6 in 2007 to 111 in 2021. Conclusions: IBD incidence continues to increase in Southern England. Compounding prevalence and increased monoclonal usage has implications for service provision.
Counter Electrode Reactions—Important Stumbling Blocks on the Way to a Working Electro‐organic Synthesis

Abstract Over the past two decades, electro‐organic synthesis has gained significant interest, both in technical and academic research as well as in terms of applications. The omission of stoichiometric oxidizers or reducing agents enables a more sustainable route for redox reactions in organic chemistry. Even if it is well‐known that every electrochemical oxidation is only viable with an associated reduction reaction and vice versa, the relevance of the counter reaction is often less addressed. In this Review, the importance of the corresponding counter reaction in electro‐organic synthesis is highlighted and how it can affect the performance and selectivity of the electrolytic conversion. A selection of common strategies and unique concepts to tackle this issue are surveyed to provide a guide to select appropriate counter reactions for electro‐organic synthesis.
Risk factors for Achilles tendon rupture: an updated systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective Identifying risk factors for Achilles Tendon Rupture (ATR) is one of the first necessary steps for its prevention. This systematic review aimed to update the systematic review published in 2014 in ATR etiology. Methodology A systematic review was carried out using PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect databases. All types of research studies (Randomized Control Trials – RCTs, Cohort studies, Case-control studies and Cross-sectional studies) that considered ATR, were eligible. The inclusion criteria for eligibility of the studies were to be written in the English language, and to include populations of men and/or women, both athletes, and non-athletes, healthy individuals, and patients. Two independent reviewers used the assessment instrument Newcastle-Ottawa Scale independently, to evaluate the quality of each selected study. Further, two reviewers worked independently to extract the study characteristics, and the GRADE methodology was used to assess the level of certainty of each risk factor. Results From 9526 studies initially identified, 19 studies were eligible for further analysis to identify risk factors for ATR. Seventeen studies were considered good quality, and two studies fair quality. Low to very low certainty of evidence was found for the following medications: steroids, quinolones, and oral bisphosphonate, as well as for other factors such as chronic tendon inflammation and Achilles’ tendinopathy, spring season, diabetes, previous musculoskeletal injury, regular participation in athletic activity, hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, and genetic factors. Conclusions The risk factors found prove that ATR is a multifactorial injury. Appropriate methodologies and well-designed studies are needed to determine the factors and their significance in ATR risk. Finally, the role of biomechanical and psychological aspects in the ATR etiology may be of interest in future studies, as we could not extract relative data in our review.
Stress adaptation in rats associate with reduced expression of cerebrovascular Kv7.4 channels and biphasic neurovascular responses

Abstract Neurovascular coupling ensures rapid and precise delivery of O2 and nutrients to active brain regions. Chronic stress is known to disturb neurovascular signaling with grave effects on brain integrity. We hypothesized that stress-induced neurovascular disturbances depend on stress susceptibility. Wistar male rats were exposed to 8 weeks of chronic mild stress. Stressed rats with anhedonia-like behavior and with preserved hedonic state were identified from voluntary sucrose consumption. In brain slices from nonstressed, anhedonic, and hedonic rats, neurons and astrocytes showed similar intracellular Ca2+ responses to neuronal excitation. Parenchymal arterioles in brain slices from nonstressed, anhedonic, and hedonic rats showed vasodilation in response to neuronal excitation. This vasodilation was dependent on inward rectifying K+ channel (Kir2) activation. In hedonic rats, this vasodilation was transient and followed by vasoconstriction insensitive to Kir2 channel inhibition with 100 µM BaCl2. Isolated arteries from hedonic rats showed increased contractility. Elevation of bath K+ relaxed isolated middle cerebral arteries in a concentration-dependent and Kir2-dependent manner. The vasorelaxation to 20–24 mM K+ was reduced in arteries from hedonic rats. The expression of voltage-gated K+ channels, Kv7.4, was reduced in the cerebral arteries from hedonic rats, whereas the expression of arterial inward-rectifying K+ channels, Kir2.1 was similar to that of nonstressed and anhedonic rats. We propose that preserved hedonic state is associated with increased arterial contractility caused by reduced hyperpolarizing contribution of Kv7.4 channels leading to biphasic cerebrovascular responses to neuronal excitation. These findings reveal a novel potential coping mechanism associated with altered neurovascular signaling.
Increased airway resistance can be related to the decrease in the functional capacity in obese women

Background and objective Obesity can increase the airways resistance, mainly in the periphery, leading to dyspnea perception that can impair the functional capacity. This study aimed to analyze if airways resistance could be related to the walking capacity of women with morbid obesity. Methods Thirty-seven women with grade III obesity in preoperative bariatric surgery were evaluated using the spirometry test, impulse oscillometry system (IOS), and six-minute walk test (6MWT). Additionally, data about their daily dyspnea perception and physical activity level were collected. Results Variables of the spirometry test did not detect ventilator disorders. Compared to the predicted values, the IOS identified significant increase in airways resistance (kPa/L/s) (R5: 0.36 (0.34; 0.36) and 0.53 (0.47; 0.61); R20: 0.30 (0.28; 0.30) and 0.41 (0.35; 0.45); R5-20: 0.06 (0.06; 0.06) and 0.14 (0.10; 0.15); X5: -0.03 (-0.04; -0.01) and -0.20 (-0.27; -0.18), respectively). The distance walked in the 6MWT, 491.4±60.4m was significantly correlated to R5 (rho = -0.41, p = 0.01), R5-20 (rho = -0.52, p = 0.001), and X5 (rho = 0.54, p = 0.0006). Conclusion The IOS is able to identify changes in airway resistance even before the onset of symptoms. When evaluated by IOS women with severe obesity and normal spirometry exhibited central and peripheral airways obstruction. The correlations between the IOS and six-minute walk distance suggest that increased peripheral airways resistance could be related to worsening functional capacity.
A Quantitative Analysis of Cell Tower Trace Data for Understanding Human Mobility and Mobile Networks

This paper provides insights into human mobility by analyzing cell tower traces. Cell tower trace data is an attractive method for studying mobility as the data can be collected in an energy-efficient and privacy-preserving way. Our new data set is useful for confirming or determining fundamental mobility parameters and for understanding mobile networks. In particular, we identify patterns in the data that would seem characteristic for particular behaviors, such as travel or work. CCS Concepts Networks→Network measurement; Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in ubiquitous and mobile computing;
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis hepatitis is mediated by IFN-γ in a predominantly hepatic-intrinsic manner

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is the main cytokine driving organ dysfunction in Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (FHL). Blockade of IFN-γ pathway ameliorates FHL hepatitis, both in animal models and in humans with FHL. Hepatocytes are known to express IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γ-R). However, whether IFN-γ induced hepatitis in FHL is a lymphocyte or liver intrinsic response to the cytokine has yet to be elucidated. Using a IFNgR−/− bone marrow chimeric model, this study showed that non-hematopoietic IFN-γ response is critical for development of FHL hepatitis in LCMV-infected Prf1−/− mice. Lack of hepatic IFN-γ responsiveness results in reduced hepatitis as measured by hepatomegaly, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and abrogated histologic endothelial inflammation. In addition, IFN-γ non-hematopoietic response was critical in activation of lymphocytes by soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2r) and recruitment of CD8+ effector T lymphocytes (CD8+ CD44hi CD62Llo) (Teff) and inflammatory monocytes. Lastly, non-hematopoietic IFN-γ response results in increased hepatic transcription of type 1 immune response and oxidative stress response pathways, while decreasing transcription of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) production. In summary, these findings demonstrate that there is a hepatic transcriptional response to IFN-γ, likely critical in the pathogenesis of FHL hepatitis and hepatic specific responses could be a therapeutic target in this disorder.
Stereoselective total synthesis of Aspergillide D

Abstract The total synthesis of the 16-membered Polyhydroxylated macrolide, Aspergillide D has been accomplished utilizing the Grignard reaction, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation Regioselective ring opening of epoxy alcohol, Wittig olefination and Yamaguchi macrolactonisation as key steps. 3-butene-1-ol has been utilized as the starting material. Graphical Abstract
Pediatric obesity: a mini-review for pediatrician

Obesity is a multifactorial disease, and its prevalence in children has been increased over the last 30 years in Italy and many other European Countries. Obesity significantly impacts the quality of life of affected patients and health care systems. Obesity is related to several clinical comorbidities, especially metabolic syndrome and diabetes. The standard of care in this patient is still considered lifestyle changes and a healthy diet with regular physical activity to prevent associated metabolic complications (impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes) and reduce cardiovascular risk.Therefore, pediatricians should recognize potential risk factors (sedentary lifestyle, sugar, and fats-rich diet, genetic syndromes) and early signs of overweight and obesity to promptly address the child to a pediatric endocrinologist and a specialized reference Center. (www.actabiomedica.it).
Evaluation of the long‐term results of vascular anastomosis using polyurethane adhesive and shape‐memory stent in the rat carotid artery model

In free flaps, 5%–10% of complications are related to failure of sutured vascular anastomoses. Adhesive‐based microvascular anastomoses are potential alternatives but are associated with failure rates of 70% in research studies. VIVO is a new adhesive with slow biodegradation within 6 months that has shown a 100% patency rate in research studies over 2 h observation time but long‐term patency has not been evaluated. The authors hypothesize that VIVO will enable a reliable microvascular procedure comparable to sutured anastomoses over a 28‐day period.
Redesign of a rapid, low‐cost HPV typing assay to support risk‐based cervical screening and management

Accelerated cervical cancer control will require widespread human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening. For screening, sensitive HPV testing with an option of self‐collection is increasingly desirable. HPV typing predicts risk of precancer/cancer, which could be useful in management, but most current typing assays are expensive and/or complicated. An existing 15‐type isothermal amplification assay (AmpFire, Atila Biosystems, USA) was redesigned as a 13‐type assay (ScreenFire) for public health use. The redesigned assay groups HPV types into four channels with differential cervical cancer risk: (a) HPV16, (b) HPV18/45, (c) HPV31/33/35/52/58 and (d) HPV39/51/56/59/68. Since the assay will be most useful in resource‐limited settings, we chose a stratified random sample of 453 provider‐collected samples from a population‐based screening study in rural Nigeria that had been initially tested with MY09‐MY11‐based PCR with oligonucleotide hybridization genotyping. Frozen residual specimens were masked and retested at Atila Biosystems. Agreement on positivity between ScreenFire and prior PCR testing was very high for each of the channels. When we simulated intended use, that is, a hierarchical result in order of clinical importance of the type groups (HPV16 > 18/45 > 31/33/35/52/58 > 39/51/56/59/68), the weighted kappa for ScreenFire vs PCR was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86‐0.93). The ScreenFire assay is mobile, relatively simple, rapid (results within 20‐60 minutes) and agrees well with reference testing particularly for the HPV types of greatest carcinogenic risk. If confirmed, ScreenFire or similar isothermal amplification assays could be useful as part of risk‐based screening and management.
Supporting the Sexual Intimacy Needs of Patients in a Longer Stay Inpatient Forensic Setting.

PURPOSE To explore perceptions of nurses and patients regarding sexual intimacy in a long-term mental health unit. DESIGN AND METHODS Qualitative exploratory design including in-depth semi-structured individual interviews with 12 registered nurses and 10 long-term patients of a forensic mental health hospital. FINDINGS The theme of supporting sexual intimacy was identified and described in this paper and included the following subthemes for nurses: It depends on the setting, need for guidelines and consent, and for patients-it depends on the setting; and need for support. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The findings suggest that current guidelines regarding sexual intimacy in acute inpatient settings may not be appropriate in long-term facilities, with a need for guidelines to specifically address this setting. Furthermore, support for sexual intimacy needs of patients was identified as a strong need for patients and they believed not currently met. Nurses have an important role to play as part of their holistic approach to care and barriers to providing this aspect of care must be overcome to ensure patients' rights are respected.
Analyzing heap error behavior in embedded JVM environments

Recent studies have shown that transient hardware errors caused by external factors such as alpha particles and cosmic ray strikes can be responsible for a large percentage of system down-time. Denser processing technologies, increasing clock speeds, and low supply voltages used in embedded systems can worsen this problem. In many embedded environments, one may not want to provision extensive error protection in hardware because of (i) form-factor or power consumption limitations, and/or (ii) to keep costs low. Also, the mismatch between the hardware protection granularity and the field access granularity can lead to false alarms and error cancellations. Consequently, software-based approaches to identify and possibly rectify these errors seem to be promising. Towards this goal, this paper specifically looks to enhance the software's ability to detect heap memory errors in a Java-based embedded system.
The correlated evolution of foraging mode and reproductive effort in lizards

Life-history theory suggests that the optimal reproductive effort of an organism is affected by factors such as energy acquisition and predation risk. The observation that some organisms actively search for their prey and others ambush them creates the expectation of different energy needs and predation risk associated with each foraging behaviour, the so-called ‘foraging-mode paradigm’. Although this paradigm has been around for decades, the empirical evidence consists of conflicting results derived from competing models based on different mechanisms. For instance, models within the foraging-mode paradigm suggest that widely foraging females have evolved low reproductive effort, because a heavy reproductive load decreases their ability to escape from predators. By contrast, a long-standing prediction of evolutionary theory indicates that organisms subject to high extrinsic mortality, should invest more in reproduction. Here, we present the first partial evidence that widely foraging species have evolved greater reproductive effort than have sit-and-wait species, which we attribute to a larger body size and greater mortality among mobile foragers. According to our findings, we propose a theoretical model that could explain the observed pattern in lizards, suggesting ways for evolutionary ecologists to test mechanistic hypotheses at the intraspecific level.
A global molecular phylogeny yields insights into the dispersal and invasion history of Junonia, a butterfly genus with remarkable dispersal abilities

The nymphalid butterfly genus Junonia has remarkable dispersal abilities. Occurring on every continent except Europe and Antarctica, Junonia are often among the only butterflies on remote oceanic islands. The biogeography of Junonia has been controversial, plagued by taxonomic disputes, small phylogenetic datasets, incomplete taxon sampling, and shared interspecific mitochondrial haplotypes. Junonia originated in Africa but its route into the New World remains unknown. Presented here is, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive Junonia phylogeny to date, using full mitogenomes and nuclear ribosomal RNA repeats from 40 of 47 described species. Junonia is monophyletic and the genus Salamis is its probable sister clade. Genetic exchange between Indo-Pacific Junonia villida and New World Junonia vestina is evident, suggesting a trans-Pacific route into the New World. However, in both phylogenies, the sister clades to most New World Junonia contain both African and Asian species. Multiple trans-Atlantic or trans-Pacificinvasions could have contributed to New World diversification. Hybridization and lateral transfer of mitogenomes, already well-documented in New World Junonia, also occurs in at least two Old World lineages (Junonia orithya/Junonia hierta and Junonia iphita/Junonia hedonia). Variation associated with reticulate evolution creates challenges for phylogenetic reconstruction, but also may have contributed to patterns of speciation and diversification in this genus.
Achieving effective interprofessional practice between speech and language therapists and teachers: An epistemological perspective

Interprofessional practice between speech and language therapists and teachers involve sharing knowledge and experiences to achieve a common goal of improving child outcomes. Although interprofessional practice has widespread support from both disciplines, it is not always easily implemented in day-to-day practice and numerous challenges have been documented. This study attempts to address these challenges through an epistemological perspective of interprofessional practice between teachers and speech and language therapists. Action research methodology was employed for this inquiry that spanned the duration of a school year. Data analysis placed an explicit focus on the experiences of interprofessional practice between the speech and language therapist and teachers, including an examination of how action was agreed and the processes underpinning collaborative working. An epistemological lens facilitated a more in-depth consideration of the diverse ways of knowing implicit in interprofessional practice and provided guidance on how to overcome the barriers, and realise the potential, of collaboration between speech and language therapists and teachers in daily practice. Four factors, rooted in an epistemological perspective, were generated from the analyses as core tenets of effective interprofessional practice. These included securing a participatory space; actively facilitating power-sharing; balancing the status of practical knowing with propositional knowing and anchoring interprofessional practice in collaboratively designed, practical activities that integrate ways of knowing. The former four factors, and their implications, offer concrete and practical direction for practitioners and educators on how to achieve effective interprofessional practice to help improve child outcomes collaboratively.
Succession planning among palm oil farmers in Nigeria

ABSTRACT This article assesses palm oil farmers’ succession planning in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. A multi-stage procedure was used to select 169 farmers in Delta, Edo, Rivers and Cross River states. Data analysis presents descriptive and inferential statistics. Results further prior research showing most African farmers are male, with women excluded due to economic land inheritance practices. Medium-scale agricultural entrepreneurs operated as sole proprietors. The majority were full-time palm oil farmers, and most chose and engaged their successors. Plantation farm ownership status, farming status, level of formal education, farm size, farming experience, monthly farm income, ownership of palm processing facilities, level of motivation, notably intrinsic motivation to farm, and perceptions of succession planning affected farmers’ decision to embark on succession planning. Findings are contextualised in global research literature and recommendations to guide future agriculture policymaking are offered.