Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depressive Symptoms by Self-Report in Adolescence: Phase I of the Development of a Questionnaire for Depression by Self-Report

As the first step in validating a criteria-based, self-report depression questionnaire specifically for children and adolescents and to determine the prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms, we studied 3,294 high school students of mixed ethnic background in a large urban school district. They completed the Weinberg Screening Affective Scale. The 21-item Beck Depression Inventory was also completed to allow comparison with a previous study. The prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms suggesting depression by self-report ranged from 18% on the Beck Depression Inventory to 13% on the Weinberg Screening Affective Scale. Hispanic females had the highest scores, while white males had the lowest. Being behind in school, female, and nonwhite predicted more self-reported depressive symptoms. (J Child Neurol 1989;3:114-121).
The Wage Elasticity of Informal Care Supply: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study

This paper focuses on the relationship between wages and supply of informal care to elderly parents. Unlike most of the previous research estimating wage elasticities of informal care supply, this study employs instrumental variable technique to account for the fact that the wage rate is likely to be correlated with omitted variables. Based on the data from the 1998 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, the results show that the wage elasticity of informal care supply is negative and larger in magnitude than has been found previously. The lower bound of this elasticity is estimated to be -1.8 for males and -3.6 for females. Additional findings suggest that the wage elasticity of informal care supply differs by the type of care provided to elderly parents, and that it is larger in magnitude among individuals with siblings and those with independently living parents. The analysis also indicates that the reductions in the informal care constitute about 18% of the labor supply response for men and about 56% of the labor supply response for women, which are not compensated by monetary transfers.
Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus in Thailand

Human hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a major causative agent of acute hepatitis, and the isolates are categorised into four genotypes: I (GI), II (GII), III (GIII), and VII (GVII). Although viral hepatitis has been detected under a nationwide surveillance system in Thailand, the genetic variation of HAV has not yet been determined. In the present study, serum specimens were collected from acute hepatitis patients in Thailand from 1998–2002. The IgM‐class antibody to HAV was detected in 156 out of 394 sera, counting as many as 39.6% of acute viral hepatitis cases. HAV RNA in the serum specimens was amplified by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and a phylogenetic analysis of the putative VP1/2A junction of the genome was performed.
Joint Transceiver Design for Incremental Channel Estimation in Distributed MIMO Systems

When nonorthogonal pilot sequences are used in cellular systems, channel estimation would be impaired by intercell interference. To tackle this problem, we exploit the slowly varying characteristics of some special channel statistics (large-scale fading and spatial correlation) for incremental channel estimation. By using the block coordinate descent (BCD) method, a joint design of pilot power allocation at the transmitter and spatial filtering at the receiver in a multicell distributed multiple-input multiple-output (D-MIMO) system is proposed, with the demonstration of its convergence. Simulation results illustrate the superiority and validity of the proposed joint transceiver design.
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CD1 NU/NU MOUSE SKIN PRE-CARCINOMA DAMAGES

Cancer is one of the most studied pathology and early detection could be helpful for treatment or other types of interventions that may stop the fatal evolution. The preclinical studies can be applied on experimental models, especially on rodents. Cancer can be induced experimentally most often by the application of chemical carcinogens, tumor cells inoculation or xenografts. FT-Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been applied for preliminary investigation on skin tissue from mice models in order to evaluate the possibility to record analytical spectral fingerprint in tissue diagnostic. FT-SERS spectra from the UV and chemically damaged tissues showed dominant characteristic bands from collagen and nucleic acids, whereas the bands attributed to proteins are observed with less extent. Rezumat Cancerul este una din patologiile cele mai studiate, iar detectarea timpurie ar putea fi de folos in aplicarea unui tratament, sau a altor tipuri de intervenţii ce pot opri evoluţia fatală. Studiile preclinice se pot aplica pe modele experimentale, mai ales pe rozătoare. Inducerea cancerului se poate realiza cel mai adesea prin aplicarea carcinogenilor chimici, inoculare de celule tumorale sau xenogrefe. Spectroscopia vibraţională Raman cu transformata Fourier (FT-Raman) combinată cu tehnica de amplificare a semnalului, SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering), s-a aplicat pentru investigaţii preliminare ale ţesutului cutanat prelevat de la modele de soarece, pentru a evalua posibilitatea inregistrării amprentei spectrale analitice in diagnosticarea tisulară. Spectrele FT-SERS inregistrate in cazul ţesuturilor afectate de expunerea la UV sau chimic, au prezentat benzi dominante caracteristice pentru colagen si acizii nucleici, in timp ce benzile atribuite proteinelor au fost mai slab reprezentate.
Determinants of early mortality in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B treated with antiviral therapy.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic hepatitis B is a leading cause of death worldwide. To identify patients who might require urgent liver transplantation despite antiviral therapy, we investigated the determinants of early mortality in a large cohort of patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B treated with lamivudine. METHODS One hundred fifty-four North American patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B received lamivudine for a median of 16 months. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression modeling was used to develop a model of 6-month mortality. RESULTS A biphasic survival pattern was observed, with most deaths occurring within the first 6 months of treatment (25 of 32, 78%) because of complications of liver failure. The estimated actuarial 3-year survival of patients who survived at least 6 months was 88% on continued treatment. In multivariate modeling, elevated pretreatment serum bilirubin and creatinine levels as well as the presence of detectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (by the bDNA assay) pretreatment were significantly associated with 6-month mortality. An equation approximating the probability of early mortality was developed from these variables. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate a distinct alteration in the slope of the survival curve after 6 months of lamivudine treatment for decompensated chronic hepatitis B. An equation consisting of 3 widely available pretreatment laboratory parameters was developed that can be used to predict the likelihood of early death in patients receiving lamivudine for decompensated chronic hepatitis B. These observations may help identify patients who can be stabilized with suppressive antiviral therapy vs. those who require urgent liver transplantation.
Exponential excitation pulses for improved water content mapping in the presence of background gradients

Several water content mapping techniques are based on the acquisition of multiple gradient echoes (GE) with different echo times (TE). However, in the presence of linear magnetic field gradients Gsusc the signal decay is no longer exponential but in the case of a rectangular slice profile weighted by a sinc function, giving rise to erroneous initial amplitudes S0 in monoexponential fitting. Generally, it can be shown that the signal decay is weighted by the time profile of the excitation pulse. Thus, for an excitation pulse with an exponential time profile, i.e., a Lorentzian slice profile, the signal decay remains exponential and exponential fitting still yields the correct amplitude S0. Multiecho GE images of a gel phantom and five human volunteers were acquired at 3 T using a sinc‐shaped and an exponential excitation pulse. In addition, simulations were performed to investigate the influence of saturation effects due to distortion of the ideal Lorentzian slice profile. A considerable overestimation of S0 when using a sinc‐shaped excitation pulse was observed. Errors were greatly reduced with an exponential excitation pulse. We thus propose the use of excitation pulses with exponential time profile to obtain accurate estimates for S0 from exponential fitting. Magn Reson Med 60:908–916, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automatic restoration of power supply considering islanded operation of distribution network

The continuity of electric energy supply to consumers is a permanent objective of the power utilities, pursuing the development of technological solutions to improve the performance of restoring power in contingency conditions. The main purpose is to minimize the impact on the number of consumers affected and reduce the time required to restore the energy supply. In this way, the power utilities have been employing efforts for the automation of distribution networks in order to restore power in a more agile way, resulting in better indexes of continuity and increase consumer satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology to restore the electric energy supply by using remote controlled switches, regarding the validation of the technical viability for distribution networks reconfiguration in real time by means of computational simulations. It is also considered the possibility of islanded operation of distribution networks. The best option for the load transfer using remote controlled switches, after contingencies, will be defined based on AHP (Analytic Hierarchical Process) method. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with case studies involving actual systems.
A Case Study of a Financial Services Provider: Progressing Towards Applying Advanced Enterprise Engineering

This paper reports the findings of an empirical investigation of an organization that is progressing towards applying advanced enterprise engineering. Advanced enterprise engineering focuses on important aspects for strategic planning of an enterprise. The investigation adopts an interpretive case study approach and explores qualitative data on aspects of enterprise engineering in practice. The paper identifies various practices, which are prevalent in progressing organizations. This study suggests characteristics that describe the readiness of an organization to apply advanced enterprise engineering approaches. The originality of this study is its description of the organizational and sub-cultural context, communication issues, change approaches and identified challenges of an organization progressing towards applying advanced enterprise engineering. This case study analysis focuses on social aspects in a progressing organization.
Sleep in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: How Are Measures of Parent Report and Actigraphy Related and Affected by Sleep Education?

Sleep disturbance is common in children with autism, resulting in a great need for effective treatments. To evaluate treatments for sleep disturbance in this population, it is critical to understand the relationship between measures of sleep captured by parent report and objective measures. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and actigraphy-measured data from 80 children with autism and sleep-onset delay were evaluated. Reported problems with sleep-onset delay were concurrent with sleep duration problems in 66% of children, night wakings in 72% of children, and bedtime resistance in 66% of children; 38% of children were reported to have problems with all CSHQ insomnia domains. Actigraphy-measured sleep duration was correlated with estimates using CSHQ-reported bed and wake times.
Curved and planar frequency selective surfaces with arbitrary illumination

The locally planar theory is applied to arbitrarily shaped finite FSSs (frequency selective surfaces) with nonplanar wave illumination. The inductive FSS is considered, and each local planar area consists of a single unit cell (aperture). A number of experiments have been performed on planar and 2-D hyperbolic (cylindrical) FSSs. The experimental results are presented along with theory. <<ETX>>
Global change biology Methane emissions by alpine plant communities in the Qinghai – Tibet Plateau

Methane emissions by alpine plant communities in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Guangmin Cao, Xingliang Xu*, Ruijun Long, Qilan Wang, Changting Wang, Yangong Du and Xinquan Zhao Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, CAS, 59 Xiguan Dajie, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, PO Box 9719, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China *Author for correspondence (xuxingl@hotmail.com).
E2F4 expression is required for cell cycle progression of normal intestinal crypt cells and colorectal cancer cells

The generation of knock‐out mice for E2F4 gene expression has suggested a role for this transcription factor in establishing and/or maintaining the intestinal crypt compartment. Having previously demonstrated that E2F4 is cytoplasmic in quiescent‐differentiated cells but nuclear in growth factor‐stimulated proliferative cells, the present study was aimed at determining the role of E2F4 in the control of human intestinal epithelial proliferation. Results herein demonstrate that lentiviral infection of an shRNA which specifically knocked‐down E2F4 expression slowed down G1/S phase transition and the proliferation rate of normal human intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC) and of colon cancer cells. Protein expression of Cdk2, cyclins D1 and A, Cdc25A and c‐myc was markedly down‐regulated in shE2F4‐expressing cells; by contrast, expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21Cip/Waf and p27Kip1 was increased. In addition, the expression of many genes involved in DNA synthesis was down‐regulated in shE2F4‐expressing cells, whereas no modulation in E2F1 expression was observed. A decrease in E2F4 in colon cancer cell lines also resulted in a reduction in soft‐agar growth capacity. Immunofluorescence experiments in human fetal intestine revealed that cells expressing high nuclear levels of E2F4 also expressed cyclin A protein. Lastly, E2F4 and its target cyclin A were up‐regulated and mostly nuclear in human colorectal tumor cells in comparison to the corresponding benign epithelium. These results indicate that nuclear E2F4 may be determinant in the promotion of proliferation of human intestinal epithelial crypt cells and colorectal cancer cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 350–358, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technological innovation capability creation potential of open innovation: a cross-level analysis in the biotechnology industry

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the ability of open innovation and intra-organisational learning mechanisms to spur technological innovation capability. Accordingly, this study devises a multi-level model for examining the links between contextual variables and collects data via a multi-informant questionnaire. This study applies hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) to examine three hypotheses. Using a matched dyadic data set from a study of 328 R&D employees and 33 supervisors sampled from 33 biotechnology firms, the HLM results clearly demonstrate how open innovation moderates the relationship between internal learning and technological innovation capability. These results suggest that internal learning strengthens the technological innovation capabilities of an R&D team. Specifically, the relationship between internal learning and technological innovation capability is stronger when R&D teams adopt open innovation. Moreover, this paper offers a contribution to understanding the cross-level and external–internal aspects of open innovation by adding multi-level analysis of biotechnology firms.
Interaction between cdc13+ and cdc2+ in the control of mitosis in fission yeast; dissociation of the G1 and G2 roles of the cdc2+ protein kinase.

A cold‐sensitive (cs) allele of cdc2, a gene that acts in both the G1 and G2 phases of the fission yeast cell cycle, has been isolated by classical mutagenesis. Further mutagenesis of a cdc2cs strain yielded an extragenic suppressor that rescued the cs cell cycle defect but simultaneously conferred a temperature‐sensitive (ts) cdc phenotype. This suppressor mutation was shown to be an allele of cdc13, a previously identified gene. A variety of allele‐specific interactions between cdc2 and cdc13 were discovered. These included suppression of cdc13ts alleles by introduction of the cdc2+ gene on a multi‐copy plasmid vector. cdc13+ is required in G2 for mitotic initiation and was shown to play no role in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. cdc2+, however, is essential in G1 for DNA replication and in G2 for mitosis. The newly isolated cs allele of cdc2 that is rescued by a ts allele of cdc13 is defective only in its G2 function. cdc13+ cooperates with cdc2+ in the initiation of mitosis but not in the regulation of DNA replication. We propose that the cdc13+ gene product might be a G2‐specific substrate of the cdc2+ protein kinase.
MEMS Switches and Integrated Switching Circuits

Radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been pursued for more than a decade as a solution of high-performance on-chip fixed, tunable and reconfigurable circuits. This paper reviews our research work on RF MEMS switches and switching circuits in the past five years. The research work first concentrates on the development of lateral DC-contact switches and capacitive shunt switches. Low insertion loss, high isolation and wide frequency band have been achieved for the two types of switches; then the switches have been integrated with transmission lines to achieve different switching circuits, such as single-pole-multi-throw (SPMT) switching circuits, tunable band-pass filter, tunable band-stop filter and reconfigurable filter circuits. Substrate transfer process and surface planarization process are used to fabricate the above mentioned devices and circuits. The advantages of these two fabrication processes provide great flexibility in developing different types of RF MEMS switches and circuits. The ultimate target is to produce more powerful and sophisticated wireless appliances operating in handsets, base stations, and satellites with low power consumption and cost.
Myelin structure in proteolipid protein (PLP)‐null mouse spinal cord

Fixed preparations of proteolipid protein (PLP)‐null mouse spinal cord show myelin sheaths which in some regions consist of typical alternating major dense lines (MDLs) and intermediate lines (ILs) with a repeat period of 10.3 nm. More commonly, the lamellar structure consists of what appears to be a single population of dense lines, having a repeat period of 5.2 nm. These apparently equivalent lines are, however, sometimes distinguishable as MDLs or ILs based on continuity with cytoplasmic or extracellular regions. Focal separations of lamellae at the intermediate line are common. MDLs too may be replaced focally by cytoplasmic pockets, sometimes in the same quadrant over several lamellae, resembling Schmidt‐Lanterman clefts. Occasional densities reminiscent of the “radial component” can be seen. Otherwise, this structure, which is prominent in wild‐type myelin, is conspicuously absent. Redundant folding of some lamellae but not others may occur in the same sheath. These observations conform to those made previously on the isolated myelin segments that occur in the myelin‐deficient rat central nervous system (CNS), which also lacks PLP. Thus, a compact lamellar structure can be seen in fixed PLP‐null myelin, but defects in the apposition of both the extracellular and the cytoplasmic surfaces of the myelin membranes are common. The abnormalities seen suggest a lack of firm intermembrane bonding, resulting in structural instability. PLP‐null myelin may therefore be more susceptible than normal myelin to disruption by mechanical or osmotic stresses. Although PLP is not essential for the formation of either major dense lines or intermediate lines, it may play a role in stabilizing the compact structure. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination Therapy with Indinavir, Ritonavir, and Delavirdine and Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in Patients with HIV/AIDS Who Have Failed Multiple Antiretroviral Combinations

Abstract Purpose: Ritonavir (RTV) and delavirdine (DLV) are inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, the specific CYP that metabolizes indinavir (IDV). We hypothesized that patients who have failed multiple therapies containing protease inhibitors would still respond to IDV if high plasma concentrations were achieved. We retrospectively examined the antiviral efficacy of the combination of RTV, DLV, and IDV in heavily antiretroviral-experienced patients. Method: A chart review of patients treated with IDV/RTV/DLV and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) drugs was performed. Only patients who failed at least three highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens and remained on IDV/RTV/DLV therapy for at least 2 months were included. Plasma concentrations for IDV and RTV were obtained if patients were still on therapy. Results: Ten participants were identified who qualified for this study. The median plasma HIV RNA prior to initiating IDV/RTV/DLV was 359,300 copies/mL. Nine of the 10 patients had failed nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing regimens in the past. Eight out of 10 patients had at reduction in HIV RNA. Four of eight patients maintained the 1 log10 reduction in HIV RNA past 6 months. Mean CD4 cell count increased from 142±99 to 273±126 cells/mm3. Genotypic data available on six patients showed multiple protease gene mutations. Plasma concentration of IDV in three patients (two troughs and one 7 hours postdose) were >1,000 ng/mL. Conclusion: Our data suggests that in heavily antiretroviral drug-treated patients, partial antiretroviral response to RTV/IDV/DLV can still be achieved. The use of IDV/RTV/DLV and two NRTIs as salvage therapy has merit in patients who have no viable treatment options. A prospective trial utilizing this drug combination is warranted.
1-Methylguanosine in place of Y base at position 37 in phenylalanine tRNA is responsible for its shiftiness in retroviral ribosomal frameshifting.

Many mammalian retroviruses express their protease and polymerase by ribosomal frameshifting. It was originally proposed that a specialized shifty tRNA promotes the frameshift event. We previously observed that phenylalanine tRNA(Phe) lacking the highly modified wybutoxosine (Y) base on the 3' side of its anticodon stimulated frameshifting, demonstrating that this tRNA is shifty. We now report the shifty tRNA(Phe) contains 1-methylguanosine (m(1)G) in place of Y and that the m(1)G form from rabbit reticulocytes stimulates frameshifting more efficiently than its m(1)G-containing counterpart from mouse neuroblastoma cells. The latter tRNA contains unmodified C and G nucleosides at positions 32 and 34, respectively, while the former tRNA contains the analogous 2'-O-methylated nucleosides at these positions. The data suggest that not only does the loss of a highly modified base from the 3' side of the anticodon render tRNA(Phe) shifty, but the modification status of the entire anticodon loop contributes to the degree of shiftiness. Possible biological consequences of these findings are discussed.