Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial in the investigation of anxiety and depression in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

BACKGROUND In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. A small proportion of patients infected with COVID-19 go on to develop pneumonia. We speculated that COVID-19 may be likely to result in psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. In this study, we conducted an investigation of anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19. METHODS Sixty-five COVID-19 patients were randomly enrolled into this study. Anxiety and depression among participants were measured through the completion of anonymous Chinese-language Zung self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale questionnaires. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and χ2 tests. RESULTS The questionnaire results showed that 26.15% and 41.54% of participants suffered from anxiety and depression, respectively, although there was no significantly statistical difference between the proportions of COVID-19 patients with anxiety and depression. Statistically significant differences in employment status, partial pressure of oxygen, and corticosteroid application existed between moderate- and severe COVID-19 patients (P<0.05). In particular, the partial pressure of oxygen was significantly lower in severe COVID-19 patients than in their moderate counter parts (71.31±23.54 vs. 101.06±34.43, U=156, P=0.006). Total lymphocytes was lower in severe group than in moderate group [1.659±0.643 vs. 0.745 (0.645, 0.928), U=109, P=0.000]. Also, a higher proportion of female than male patients had anxiety (χ2=5.388, P=0.02). COVID-19 patients who received antiviral medications also displayed a higher rate of anxiety (χ2=4.481, P=0.034). Total lymphocytes between the non-anxiety and anxiety had statistical difference (U=321, P=0.019). Meanwhile, total lymphocytes between the non-depression and depression also had statistical difference (U=389.5, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with COVID-19, females and those treated with antiviral medications were more likely to experience anxiety. In addition, our findings reflected the effect of anxiety and depression on immune system.
Chandelier-assisted pneumatic retinopexy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair in young adults

We describe the new technique of chandelier-assisted pneumatic retinopexy in repairing rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in a series of young adults. In the operating room, a 25-gauge trocar cannula is inserted at the pars plana 180° across the preoperatively detected retinal break followed by Chandelier light insertion, which is used in globe fixation and rotation. The retinal periphery is reexamined using scleral indentation and chandelier light endoillumination. Transconjunctival cryopexy is performed around the break followed by paracentesis and pure sulfur hexafluoride gas injection. Twelve eyes of 12 patients were repaired. Their mean (±SD) age was 29.4 (±3.4) years and preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.36 (±0.32). Nine eyes had 1 break while 3 eyes had 2 breaks within 1 clock hour. Mean duration of operation was 11.7 (±1.8) min. No patient experienced major intraoperative complications, but one patient required reoperation. Mean CDVA 6 months postoperatively was 0.63 (± 0.21) (p < 0.05).
Detection of Two Biotypes of Liriomyza chinensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Japan

Abstract The larva of stone leek leafminer, Liriomyza chinensis (Kato), is known to infest alternately just below the epidermis and inner surface of hollow cylindrical leaves of allium crops, resulting in the formation of discontinuous linear mines (mine form: discontinuous). However, after the fall of 2016, a novel mine form of the same species (mine form: continuous) was detected in Welsh onion fields of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. We hypothesized that these mine forms were associated with flies having different genetic backgrounds; hence, we compared the mine forms and the partial mtCOI gene of flies collected from Welsh onion fields from 2018 to 2019. The results demonstrated that the flies that emerged from different mine forms could be classified into two haplogroups, i.e., flies displaying a discontinuous mine form were of haplogroup A, whereas those that displayed continuous mines were of haplotype B. Additionally, using populations of these flies reared in the laboratory, we confirmed that the mine form of the larvae of haplotype A on Welsh onions was discontinuous, whereas that of haplotype B was continuous. We named the population that exhibited a discontinuous mine form as biotype A and the population displaying a continuous mine form as biotype B. Graphical Abstract Liriomyza chinensis larvae have been observed to cause two types of damage to Welsh onion in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan since the fall of 2016. The flies displaying a discontinuous mine form were named biotype A, whereas those displaying continuous mines were named biotype B.
Contribution of amniotic membrane to the healing of iatrogenic vas deferens injury

Background/aim Iatrogenic vas deferens injury is one of the most serious complications of operations in the inguinal region. Vasovasostomy is performed as treatment. However, stenosis is common after vasovasostomy. Oligospermia or azoospermia may develop and result in infertility. This study aimed to investigate the effect of amniotic membrane on healing in vas deferens injuries. Materials and methods Four groups consisting of 10 rats each were formed. No procedure was performed in Group-I. In Group-II, the left vas deferens was transected and left to spontaneous healing. In Group-III, the left vas deferens was transected, and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. In Group-IV, the left vas deferens was transected, end-to-end anastomosis was performed, and it was closed with a wrapping of amniotic membrane on the anastomosis line. Rats were sacrificed after 60 days, and each left vas deferens was evaluated. Lumen patency was checked by passing methylene blue through the vas deferens. Subsequently, the vas deferens was evaluated both macroscopically and histopathologically. Data were evaluated using SPSS version 21.0. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all variables. Results The anastomosis lines in Group-IV healed better than those in Group-III, and less stenosis was observed. There were differences between the groups in terms of luminal patency (p = 0.009), adhesions to surrounding tissues (p = 0.02) and separation of the ends of the vas deferens (p = 0.03). Conclusion We observed improvement on luminal patency and histology of rat vas deferens injury after surrounding human amniotic membrane on the transected and repaired surface. Further studies are needed to apply this promising result on human beings.
Status and review of two-dimensional carrier and dopant profiling using scanning probe microscopy

An overview of the existing two-dimensional carrier profiling tools using scanning probe microscopy includes several scanning tunneling microscopy modes, scanning capacitance microscopy, Kelvin probe microscopy, scanning spreading resistance microscopy, and dopant selective etching. The techniques are discussed and compared in terms of the sensitivity or concentration range which can be covered, the quantification possibility, and the final resolution, which is influenced by the intrinsic imaging resolution as well as by the response of the investigated property to concentration gradients and the sampling volume. From this comparison it is clear that, at present, none of the techniques fulfills all the requirements formulated by the 1997 Semiconductor Industry Association roadmap for semiconductors [National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (Semiconductor Industry Association, San Jose, CA, 1997)]. Most methods are limited to pn-junction delineation or provide a semiquantitative image of the differen.
Gray matter volume differences between transgender men and cisgender women: A voxel-based morphometry study

Objective: Gender dysphoria (GD) is characterized by distress due to inconsistency between gender identity and biological sex. Individuals with GD often desire to be the other gender, which is called transgender. Although altered brain volumes in transgender people, particularly transgender women, have been reported, the particular brain regions have been inconsistent among studies. This study aimed to investigate neuroanatomical differences in transgender men without physical interventions. Method: T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were acquired in 21 transgender men and 21 cisgender women matched for biological sex and age. Whole-brain comparisons using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) were performed to identify gray matter volume (GMV) differences between transgender men and cisgender women. Results: Transgender men showed greater GMV in the right posterior cingulate gyrus (PFWE-corr = 3.06×10-6) and the left occipital pole (PFWE-corr = 0.017) and lower GMV in the left middle temporal gyrus (PFWE-corr = 0.017) than cisgender women. Even after including serum sex hormone levels as covariates, the posterior cingulate gyrus was still significant (PFWE-corr < 0.05). In contrast, the occipital pole and the middle temporal gyrus were not significant after controlling for the sex hormone levels (PFWE-corr > 0.05), especially affected by testosterone but not estradiol. Conclusion: These findings suggest that transgender men have altered brain structure. We suggest that larger posterior midline structures may contribute to sensitivity to self-referential processing through altered visual perception in transgender people.
Evolution and Comparative Analysis of Hospitalizations in Spain Due to COPD and Bronchiectasis between 2004 and 2015

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of hospitalization for chronic respiratory illness in Spain. In recent years hospital admissions due to bronchiectasis have been increasing, although it is not known whether this is in proportion to COPD hospitalizations. Our main objective was to analyze the temporal evolution of discharges due to COPD, bronchiectasis, and their combination, and secondly, to assess their impact on in-hospital mortality and healthcare costs. We performed a retrospective study, based on the analysis of the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) of hospital discharges using data from Spanish Ministry of Health with diagnostic codes of COPD or bronchiectasis between 2004 and 2015. We found 3 356 186 discharges with a diagnosis of COPD or bronchiectasis. After exclusions, 1 386 430 episodes were analyzed: 85.2% with COPD, 8.4% bronchiectasis, and 6.4% with both pathologies. Mean age of patients was 74.8 (10.9) years and with a male predominance of 80.1%. The increase in the annual number of discharges was greater in the two groups with bronchiectasis: 48.8% in the bronchiectasis group and 55.4% in the mixed group, compared to 6.6% in the COPD group. The mean length of stay was greater in both groups with bronchiectasis (p < 0.001), while in-hospital mortality was higher in the COPD group (p < 0.001). Similarly, the annual increase of costs was more evident in the two groups with bronchiectasis. Conclusions: Hospitalizations and health costs for bronchiectasis have increased in recent years significantly more than for COPD. Supplemental data for this aricle can be accessed here.
Advances in Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with an overall 5-year survival rate of <6% due to therapeutic resistance and late-stage diagnosis. These statistics have not changed despite 50 years of research and therapeutic development. Pancreatic cancer is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer mortality by the year 2030. Currently, the treatment options for pancreatic cancer are limited. This disease is usually diagnosed at a late stage, which prevents curative surgical resection. Chemotherapy is the most frequently used approach for pancreatic cancer treatment and has limited effects. In many other cancer types, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have made great progress and have been shown to be very promising prospects; these treatments also provide hope for pancreatic cancer. The need for research on targeted therapy and immunotherapy is pressing due to the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and in recent years, there have been some breakthroughs for targeted therapy and immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. This review summarizes the current preclinical and clinical studies of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer and ends by describing the challenges and outlook.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: correlation of quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression and tumor grade/stage.

BACKGROUND Abnormal microangiogenesis and microenvironmental disturbances within the Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) can exacerbate tumor hypoxia, which may increase radiotherapy resistance and thus lead to poor prognosis in NPC patients. A non-invasive imaging technique, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), which can reflect the tumor blood perfusion and angiogenesis status, was used to investigate the relationships of DCE-MRI parameters with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression and tumor grades in NPC patients. METHODS 42 treatment-naive patients with pathologically confirmed NPC were enrolled in this analysis. Plain magnetic resonance scans and DCE-MRI scans were performed before treatment, and post-processing was performed to calculate the relative enhancement (RE), maximum relative enhancement (MRE), maximum enhancement (ME), wash-in rate (WIR), wash-out rate (WOR), time to peak (TTP), and area under the curve (AUC). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect HIF-1α expression in electronasopharyngeal fiberoscopic specimens. The clinical grade/stage of NPC was jointly assessed by an experienced radiologist and a radiotherapist. The potential correlations of the DCE-MRI parameters with HIF-1α expression and clinical grades were analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS Among DCE-MRI parameters, RE, ME, and MRE were associated with the positive expression of HIF-lα in NPC and could reflect the hypoxic status in the local microenvironment of the cancer foci in vivo. RE, ME, and MRE were significantly higher in the positive HIF-1α expression group than in the negative HIF-1α expression group (F=5.281, P=0.027; F=11.923, P=0.001; F=6.228, P=0.017). RE, ME, and MRE were significantly correlated with clinical grade (F=3.646, P=0.021; F=3.204, P=0.034, F=3.050, P=0.040) and T stage (F=6.578, P=0.001; F=3.540, P=0.023; F=4.384, P=0.010). The values of RE, MRE, and ME gradually increased as the clinical grade and T stage increased. CONCLUSIONS DCE-MRI is a valuable imaging technique for the noninvasive evaluation of hypoxia in NPC, the development of individualized treatment protocols, and the prediction of efficacy.
Folic acid decorated chitosan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles for the oral treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Systemic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has been accompanied with several side effects. This study attempts to reduce leflunomide systemic side effects besides increasing its joint healing outcomes via formulation of layer-by-layer coated, leflunomide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Methods: SLNs were coated with chitosan (CS) followed by folic acid (FA). FA-CS-SLNs were about 284.9 nm and carried negative surface charge. Results & conclusion: FA-CS-SLNs showed sustained release profile for 168 h. Results of oral administration of FA-CS-SLNs in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis revealed improved joint healing and reduced hepatotoxicity compared with leflunomide suspension. This may be attributed to the ability of FA-CS-SLNs to actively target FA receptors that are overexpressed in inflamed rheumatic joints in addition to innate joint healing properties of CS.
A KDM5–Prospero transcriptional axis functions during early neurodevelopment to regulate mushroom body formation

Mutations in the lysine demethylase 5 (KDM5) family of transcriptional regulators are associated with intellectual disability, yet little is known regarding their spatiotemporal requirements or neurodevelopmental contributions. Utilizing the mushroom body (MB), a major learning and memory center within the Drosophila brain, we demonstrate that KDM5 is required within ganglion mother cells and immature neurons for proper axogenesis. Moreover, the mechanism by which KDM5 functions in this context is independent of its canonical histone demethylase activity. Using in vivo transcriptional and binding analyses, we identify a network of genes directly regulated by KDM5 that are critical modulators of neurodevelopment. We find that KDM5 directly regulates the expression of prospero, a transcription factor that we demonstrate is essential for MB morphogenesis. Prospero functions downstream of KDM5 and binds to approximately half of KDM5-regulated genes. Together, our data provide evidence for a KDM5–Prospero transcriptional axis that is essential for proper MB development.
Multi-wave mixing in the high harmonic regime: monitoring electronic dynamics.

It has been demonstrated that electronic coherences across many eV can be detected in pump-probe experiments involving high harmonic sources. An additional degree of control over the phase matching can be employed by investigating a more general class of multi-wave mixing. Non-collinear multi-wave mixing of high harmonics with energy (q1ω1 + q2ω2) can be selectively detected along the direction of (q1k1 + q2k2). Simulations based on a recently developed semi-perturbative approach show that only the specific harmonic signals with q1ω1 close to the energy difference between ground state and excited states are observable when the two input pulses are well separated in time. The coherent dynamics between different states can be selectively tracked by detecting the time-delay dependent signals with different q1k1, which can overcome the potential spectral congestion in real experiments. Additionally, such non-collinear geometry can be used to separate the dephasing induced decay and collision induced recovery behaviors of pump-probe high harmonic signal typically observed in the time-resolved high harmonic pump-probe signals.
Assessment of professional bereavement: The development and validation of the Professional Bereavement Scale

Abstract Objectives To develop and validate Professional Bereavement Scale (PBS), a specific measurement tool for professional bereavement experiences. Methods An online cross-sectional survey collected data from 563 physicians and nurses from urban hospitals in Mainland China. Item consistency analysis, component factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were run to develop and validate the scale. Correlational analysis was conducted to evaluate the psychometric property of the scale. Results Two subscales of the PBS were developed: the 17-item Short-term Bereavement Reactions Subscale (PBS–SBR) and the 15-item Accumulated Global Changes Subscale (PBS–AGC). Four factors, namely, frustration and trauma, guilt, grief, and being moved, are involved in PBS–SBR. Five factors are involved in PBS–AGC, which are new insights, more acceptance of limitations, more death-related anxiety, less influenced by patient deaths, and better coping with patient deaths. Both subscales have good content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity, as well as satisfactory internal consistency and split-half reliability. Significance of results PBS is a specific assessment tool for professional bereavement which is clearly defined, comprehensive, rigorously tested, and generalizable to different professional caregivers from various departments. Unveiled constructs illustrate that professional bereavement experiences contain a professional dimension in addition to a personal dimension both in an event-specific and a global perspective, which distinguishes them from familial bereavement experiences.
A novel missense variant in TRAPPC2 causes X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda

Abstract Rationale: X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (X-linked SEDT) is a rare hereditary cause in childhood short stature due to mutations in trafficking protein particle complex subunit 2 (TRAPPC2) gene located on chromosome Xp22. Several pathogenic variants in TRAPPC2 have been reported, but missense variants are rare. Patient concerns: A 13-year, 8-month-old Chinese Han boy presenting with short stature for the past 7 years. Diagnosis: X-linked SEDT was established by a combination of clinical and radiographic features, confirmed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Genetic testing of the TRAPPC2 gene revealed a novel missense variant with c.260A>C (p.H87P) hemizygote in exon5. The mother was found to be a heterozygous TRAPPC2 carrier, whereas the father was normal. Interventions: Patient was treated with recombinant human growth hormone daily. Patient's height, glucose level, and possible progressive joint and back pain with osteoarthritis were under intensive observation regularly. Outcomes: The patient achieved 2.1 cm height gain over the first 3 months’ recombinant human growth hormone treatment without joint or back pain. However, the therapy was terminated because of increased glucose level on follow-up. Lessons: The short stature is a noteworthy problem for X-linked SEDT cases. We report a novel missense variant site in TRAPPC2 treated with growth hormone in the literature. We do not recommend the use of recombinant human growth hormone on patients with X-linked SEDT for the concern of glucose homeostasis.
Influence of colony traits on ectoparasite infestation in birds breeding in mixed-species colonies.

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When do grasses resprout after fire?

Fire can drive selection for plant traits or strategies that enable populations to survive or recover from this disturbance. Two main persistence strategies are used by plants to regenerate after fire: resprouting, where individuals are termed ‘resprouters’; or from seed, known as ‘seeders’ (Clarke et al., 2013; Pausas & Keeley, 2014). Resprouters and seeders maximize their fitness differently: seeders reproduce quickly to maximize abundance of viable seeds before the next fire event, whereas resprouters invest inmaintaining and protecting buds (Pausas & Keeley, 2014). Both persistence strategies can facilitate self-replacement of species so that post-fire plant communities are similar to those pre-fire, or initiate succession so vegetation recovers in a predictable way before the next fire event (self-replacement over the longer term). Current understanding of post-fire persistence strategies is largely based on woody species or are regional in context (Bellingham & Sparrow, 2000; Clarke et al., 2013; Moore et al., 2019). In this issue ofNew Phytologist, Simpson et al. (2021; pp. 832–844)make an impressive contribution to further our understanding of how regeneration strategies in grasses (Poaceae) are related to fire regimes. Hypotheses of post-fire grass persistence strategies are tested using a global and spatially-explicit dataset across gradients of fire frequency and intensity.