Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrical design, implementation and commissioning of a LabVIEW based control system for a dual axis solar tracker

This thesis outlines the implementation and commissioning of a LabVIEW based, dual axis solar tracking system located within Murdoch University’s Renewable Energy Outdoor Test Area. An electrical system that is capable of supplying power to the solar tracking hardware and protecting it from the effects of overcurrent has been designed, installed and tested according to several Australian Standards including the AS3000 Wiring Rules. The testing of the electrical system proved that the installation was both safe and reliable and as such it was connected to the existing Murdoch University electricity grid. The commissioning of the solar tracking hardware proved to be problematic with various issues delaying the progression of the project including damage to one of the main servomotors resulting in the need for a replacement motor, corruption of VSD parameter files and the transposition of phases during the connection of one of the motors. A plan for testing the accuracy of the solar tracking LabVIEW program was developed using a pyrheliometer. Extensive testing was carried out on the tracker which ultimately confirmed the accuracy of the solar positioning algorithm. However, it was discovered that further angle conversions will need to take place in order to make the software useable on a fixed east-west primary axis solar array. Overall the project has been taken from a bench tested prototype to being implemented in a real world environment. A major step forward in the progression of this project has occurred during this thesis and it is for this reason that the project has been considered successful by both the current project holder and the project supervisor.
The type 3 secretion effector IpgD promotes S. flexneri dissemination

The bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri causes 270 million cases of bacillary dysentery worldwide every year, resulting in more than 200,000 deaths. S. flexneri pathogenic properties rely on its ability to invade epithelial cells and spread from cell to cell within the colonic epithelium. This dissemination process relies on actin-based motility in the cytosol of infected cells and formation of membrane protrusions that project into adjacent cells and resolve into double-membrane vacuoles (DMVs) from which the pathogen escapes, thereby achieving cell-to-cell spread. S. flexneri dissemination is facilitated by the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we show that the T3SS effector IpgD facilitates the resolution of membrane protrusions into DMVs during S. flexneri dissemination. The phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphatase activity of IpgD decreases PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels in membrane protrusions, thereby counteracting de novo cortical actin formation in protrusions, a process that restricts the resolution of protrusions into DMVs. Finally, using an infant rabbit model of shigellosis, we show that IpgD is required for efficient cell-to-cell spread in vivo and contributes to the severity of dysentery.
Assessing antimicrobial resistance occurrence in the Portuguese food system: Poultry, pigs and derived food, 2014–2018

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spread in the food system is a major threat to public and animal health. We describe AMR trends in zoonotic bacteria and identify risk factors associated with AMR occurrence in animals and derived food in Portugal. Data from the Portuguese AMR surveillance programme on food‐producing animals, 2014–2018, were used. AMR frequencies were calculated for Escherichia coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella in broilers, turkeys, pig populations and their derived food products. AMR‐associated factors were studied for Salmonella isolates: population, sampling stage (farm, slaughterhouse and processing plant), sample type (environmental, carcase and food), sampler (HACCP, industry, official and official and industry), sample context (control and eradication programmes and monitoring), year (2014–2018) and season. Logistic regression was applied to estimate crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The final models were obtained using a backward stepwise method. This study included 2,157 Escherichia coli, 561 Campylobacter and 1,071 Salmonella isolates. The highest prevalence estimates amongst tested antimicrobials for each bacterial species in 2014–2018 had the following ranges: (i) (fluoro)quinolones: E. coli: 84%–93%, Campylobacter: 94%–98%; (ii) tetracyclines: E. coli: 68%–91%, Campylobacter: 87%–91%, Salmonella: 72%; (iii) penicillins: E. coli: 82%–100%; (iv) sulphonamides: E. coli: 68%–82%. Compared with the reference categories for host (broiler), year (2014), season (winter) and sampler (HACCP own checks), resistance to at least one antimicrobial in Salmonella was significantly less likely in laying hens (aOR 0.28; 95% CI: 0.18–0.42), 2016 (aOR 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33–0.93), 2017 (aOR 0.29; 95% CI: 0.17–0.51) and 2018 (aOR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.20–0.61), autumn (aOR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40–0.97) and more likely to occur in broiler products (aOR 5.14; 95% CI: 2.61–10.54), pork products (aOR 6.84; 95% CI: 3.74–12.98) and official and industry combined sampling (aOR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.06–4.47). This study reveals a high prevalence of Salmonella resistance, especially during the summer and in post‐farm stages of the Portuguese food system to nearly all antimicrobials and in the summer in farms to (fluoro)quinolones. Measures to tackle resistance are required.
Human rights and nutritional care in nurse education: lessons learned

Background: Food is an important part of nursing care and recognized as a basic need and a human right. Nutritional care for older adults in institutions represents a particularly important area to address in nursing education and practice, as the right to food can be at risk and health personnel experience ethical challenges related to food and nutrition. Objective: The present study investigates the development of coursework on nutritional care with a human rights perspective in a nursing programme for first-year nursing students and draws upon reflections and lessons learned. Research design: The study utilized educational design research. The coursework, developed through two rounds, combined on-campus learning and clinical placement in nursing homes. Nursing studentsʼ perspectives and experiences gathered through focus groups and a written assignment informed the development and evaluation of the coursework. Participants and research context: In the first round, multistage focus group interviews were conducted with 18 nursing students before, during and after placement. In the second round, four focus group interviews with 26 nursing students were conducted shortly after placement. Ethical consideration: The study was approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data. Findings: Three main ʽlessons learnedʼ emerged regarding introducing a human rights perspective in nursing education: 1) the contribution of the human rights perspective in changing the narrative of ʽvulnerable and malnourished patientsʼ, 2) the importance of relationships and experiences for learning about human rights and 3) the benefit of combining development of ethical competence with a human rights perspective. Conclusion: A human rights perspective enabled the students to give meaning to nutritional care beyond understanding of food as a basic physical need. Incorporating human rights in nursing education can support nursing students and nurses in recognizing and addressing ethical and structural challenges and being able to fulfil the right to food for patients.
Tailoring the Microstructure of Lamellar Ti3C2Tx MXene Aerogel by Compressive Straining

Aerogels are attracting increasing interest due to their functional properties, such as lightweight and high porosity, which make them promising materials for energy storage and advanced composites. Compressive deformation allows the nano- and microstructure of lamellar freeze-cast aerogels to be tailored toward the aforementioned applications, where a 3D nanostructure of closely spaced, aligned sheets is desired. Quantitatively characterizing their microstructural evolution during compression is needed to allow optimization of manufacturing, understand in-service structural changes, and determine how aerogel structure relates to functional properties. Herein we have developed methods to quantitatively analyze lamellar aerogel domains, sheet spacing, and sheet orientation in 3D and to track their evolution as a function of increasing compression through synchrotron phase contrast X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT). The as-cast domains are predominantly aligned with the freezing direction with random orientation in the orthogonal plane. Generally the sheets rotate toward flat and their spacing narrows progressively with increasing compression with negligible lateral strain (zero Poisson’s ratio). This is with the exception of sheets close to parallel with the loading direction (Z), which maintain their orientation and sheet spacing until ∼60% compression, beyond which they exhibit buckling. These data suggest that a single-domain, fully aligned as-cast aerogel is not necessary to produce a post-compression aligned lamellar structure and indicate how the spacing can be tailored as a function of compressive strain. The analysis methods presented herein are applicable to optimizing freeze-casting process and quantifying lamellar microdomain structures generally.
Prolactin-mediated restraint of maternal aggression in lactation

Significance Heightened intruder-directed aggressive behavior in female mice is displayed during lactation to enable a mother to protect her offspring. Although recent work has identified that the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus plays an important role in governing aggressive behavior, it is unknown how the changing hormones of pregnancy and lactation might regulate this behavior during specific reproductive states. Here, we show that prolactin-responsive neurons are activated during aggression and project to multiple brain regions with known roles in regulating behavior. Through neuron-specific and region-specific deletion of the prolactin receptor, our data reveal that prolactin is an important modulator of maternal aggression. By acting on glutamatergic neurons in the ventromedial nucleus, prolactin restrains maternal aggression, specifically in lactating female mice. Aggressive behavior is rarely observed in virgin female mice but is specifically triggered in lactation where it facilitates protection of offspring. Recent studies demonstrated that the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) plays an important role in facilitating aggressive behavior in both sexes. Here, we demonstrate a role for the pituitary hormone, prolactin, acting through the prolactin receptor in the VMN to control the intensity of aggressive behavior exclusively during lactation. Prolactin receptor deletion from glutamatergic neurons or specifically from the VMN resulted in hyperaggressive lactating females, with a marked shift from intruder-directed investigative behavior to very high levels of aggressive behavior. Prolactin-sensitive neurons in the VMN project to a wide range of other hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic regions, including the medial preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, all regions known to be part of a complex neuronal network controlling maternal behavior. Within this network, prolactin acts in the VMN to specifically restrain male-directed aggressive behavior in lactating females. This action in the VMN may complement the role of prolactin in other brain regions, by shifting the balance of maternal behaviors from defense-related activities to more pup-directed behaviors necessary for nurturing offspring.
High prevalence and inferior long‐term outcomes for TP53 mutations in therapy‐related acute lymphoblastic leukemia

based therapies. Leukemia. 2022;36(1):271-274. 4. Fischer K, Bahlo J, Fink AM, et al. Long-term remissions after FCR chemoimmunotherapy in previously untreated patients with CLL: updated results of the CLL8 trial. Blood. 2016;127(2): 208-215. 5. Caldeira D, Alves D, Costa J, Ferreira JJ, Pinto FJ. Ibrutinib increases the risk of hypertension and atrial fibrillation: systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One. 2019;14(2):e0211228.
Reliability of different body temperature measurement sites during normothermic cardiac surgery

Introduction Patients undergoing cardiac surgery can experience significant thermal changes during the perioperative period and, for that reason, it is essential to monitor temperatures with adequate accuracy and precision during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The primary aim of the current study was to measure the discrepancies between temperatures at different body sites during normothermic or mild hypothermic CPB. Methods 48 patients undergoing cardiac surgery participated in our study. Simultaneous temperatures were measured at nasopharynx, pulmonary artery, arterial outlet, venous inlet, forehead using a heat flux sensor, and urinary bladder at 5-min intervals throughout surgery. The Bland-Altman plot for repeated measures was used to assess concordance between methods. Results The duration of surgery was 360 min (interquartile range (IQR) 300–412), while the median cross-clamp time was 135 min (IQR 101–169). During the CPB time, the average difference between arterial outlet and nasopharyngeal temperature was −0.16°C (95% limits of agreement of ±0.93). The bias between arterial outlet and the venous inflow was 0.16°C and the 95% limits of agreement were −0.63 to 0.95°C. The Bland-Altman analysis showed an average difference between oxigenator arterial outlet and bladder probe of −0.62 (95% limits of agreement of ±1.3). The average difference between arterial outlet and Tcore™ temperatures was 0.08°C (95% limits of agreement of ±1.46). 25 patients (52.08%) presented nasopharyngeal temperatures higher than 37°C in the post-CPB period, but none of them exceeded 38°C. Conclusions Perfusionists should be cautious when using the nasopharyngeal site as the only surrogate of brain temperature, even in normothermic cardiac surgery because the precision of measurements is not entirely adequate.
Prevalence of compassion fatigue among helping professions and relationship to compassion for others, self-compassion and self-criticism.

INTRODUCTION Helping professionals are at high risk of being affected by the negative aspects of helping such as compassion fatigue. To date, no study has provided a comprehensive overview of compassion fatigue and compared the prevalence among different helping professions. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and differences in compassion fatigue among different helping professions. We also wanted to explore the relationship between compassion, self-compassion, self-criticism and compassion fatigue. METHODS Six hundred and seven participants working in the helping professions were recruited. The sample consisted of 102 nurses, 44 doctors, 57 paramedics, 39 home nurses, 66 teachers, 103 psychologists, 40 psychotherapists and coaches, 76 social workers, 39 priests and pastors and 41 police officers. The data were collected using an online questionnaire battery measuring levels of compassion, self-compassion, self-criticism, compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. RESULTS We found significant differences in compassion fatigue levels among various helping professions. No large differences were found in the compassion and self-compassion levels exhibited by professionals with medium versus low compassion fatigue scores. However, participants with higher levels of compassion fatigue scored higher in self-criticism. Self-criticism was found to be the best predictor of compassion fatigue. The effect of profession on compassion fatigue as mediated by self-criticism and self-compassion was significant. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, we recommend designing programs to combat compassion fatigue that teach helping professionals to better manage their work time and workload (hours per week with clients/patients) and learn healthier inner talk (less self-critical and more self-compassionate).
Multi-Dose Priming Regimens of PfSPZ Vaccine: Safety and Efficacy against Controlled Human Malaria Infection in Equatoguinean Adults

ABSTRACT. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) Vaccine is composed of radiation-attenuated, aseptic, purified cryopreserved PfSPZ. Multiple clinical trials empirically assessing two to six doses have shown multi-dose priming (two to four doses the first week) to be optimal for protection in both 4- and 16-week regimens. In this randomized, double-blind, normal saline (NS) placebo-controlled trial, four groups (G) of 18- to 32-year-old Equatoguineans received multi-dose priming regimens with or without a delayed final dose at 4 or 16 weeks. The regimens were G1: days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 113; G2: days 1, 3, 5, and 7; G3: days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 29; and G4: days 1, 8, and 29. All doses were 9 × 105 PfSPZ. Tolerability, safety, immunogenicity, and vaccine efficacy (VE) against homologous controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) 6–7 weeks after vaccination were assessed to down-select the best regimen. All four regimens were safe and well tolerated, with no significant differences in adverse events (AEs) between vaccinees (N = 84) and NS controls (N = 20) or between regimens. Out of 19 controls, 13 developed Pf parasitemia by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) after CHMI. Only the vaccine regimen administered on study days 1, 8, and 29 gave significant protection (7/21 vaccinees versus 13/19 controls infected, VE 51.3%, P = 0.03, Barnard’s test, two-tailed). There were no significant differences in antibodies against Pf circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), a major SPZ antigen, between protected and nonprotected vaccinees or controls pre-CHMI. The six controls not developing Pf parasitemia had significantly higher antibodies to blood stage antigens Pf exported protein 1 (PfEXP1) and Pf merozoite surface protein 1 (PfMSP1) than the controls who developed parasitemia, suggesting naturally acquired immunity against Pf limited infections in controls. This study identified a safe, protective, 4-week, multi-dose prime vaccination regimen for assessment in future trials of PfSPZ Vaccine.
Effects of different dietary fat levels and sources on diet digestibility, fattening performance and meat quality of Holstein young bulls when substituted for dietary barley grain

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of substituting dietary barley grain by different sources and levels of fat on performance and meat quality of Holstein young bulls. Twenty-eight Holstein male calves, 274 ± 32 kg initial body weight, were used in a completely randomised design with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement for 100 d (with 10 d of adaptation). Seven animals were randomly allocated per treatment. Four dietary treatments were tested, which included: (1) diet supplemented with saturated fat (Energizer® RP10) at low level (diet with high barley and starch content), (2) diet supplemented with saturated fat at high level (diet with low barley and starch content), (3) diet supplemented with unsaturated fat (Persiafat) at low level (diet with high barley and starch content) and (4) diet supplemented with unsaturated fat at high level (diet with low barley and starch content). The dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass traits were not affected by supplemental fat sources and levels. Total tract digestibility of acid detergent fibre was improved after inclusion of both rumen-protected fat sources while other nutrient digestibilities were not affected by the fat sources or levels. In conclusion, partial replacing of dietary starch with fat supplements has not negative effects on calves’ performance and digestibility of neutral detergent fibre.
The relationship between perceived competence and self-esteem among novice nurses – a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Novice nurses’ responsibilities are greater than what their actual level of competence can cope with. This can cause increased levels of stress, which many studies have shown is a factor resulting in reduced self-esteem, which affects not only the well-being of nurses but also the quality of care provided. Aims To investigate the relationship between the self-assessment of nursing competencies and self-esteem among novice nurses and the moderation role of the sociodemographic variables and intention to leave the nursing profession on this relationship. Material and methods A correlational cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire. The study was conducted between July and October 2019 among 122 novice nurses. The study tool consisted of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Nurse Professional Competence Scale-Short Version, and metrics. Calculations were performed using SPSS Statistics, version 25. To approach research questions hierarchical multiple regression was performed. Results The self-esteem level of novice nurses have been identified as low. Novice nurses who declared their willingness to leave their profession had a higher level of self-esteem than nurses who did not declare this willingness. The highest-rated competencies were in the fields of nursing care and value-based nursing care, while the lowest were in the areas of development, leadership, and the organisation of nursing care. Correlations between postgraduate education and competencies in the majority subscales were revealed. The results showed a negative correlation between self-esteem and all subscales of the competence scale. Seniority and postgraduate education were important moderators in the relationship between some competence subscales and self-esteem. Conclusion Novice nurses present a low level of self-esteem. Nurses with a higher competence level showed lower self-esteem. Developing competencies at the beginning of one’s nursing practice, which is crucial for patients’ outcomes, should be accompanied by the strengthening of novice nurses’ self-esteem. KEY MESSAGES Novice nurses with a higher level of self-esteem more often declared their willingness to leave their profession. The results showed a negative correlation between self-esteem and all subscales of the competence scale. Seniority and postgraduate education are important moderators in the relationship between some competence subscales and self-esteem.
Foot morphology influences the change in arch index between standing and walking conditions

Human foot morphology has been of interest to anatomists, clinicians, and paleontologists for a century due to its importance in bipedal walking. Foot shape changes as forces move through it from the body to the substrate. Although the arch of the foot has been extensively evaluated, the role of foot morphology in the change of the arch height in walking is less explored. To remedy this lacuna, the Arch Indices (AIs) of the left and right feet of 77 people were calculated in double and single stance standing and walking (dynamic) conditions. The feet were categorized into clinical foot types (cavus, normal, planus). The change in static AI between double and single stance was used to predict dynamic AI and the difference between predicted and observed dynamic AI was examined. As expected, AIs increased (i.e., arch height decreased) with increasing load on the foot for the entire sample and each foot type (p’s > .001), but the ability of change in static AIs to predict dynamic AI varied among foot types, implicating the possibility of variability in foot mechanics among foot types. While planus feet change stiffness during walking, presumably due to muscular action, cavus feet are more variable in their response to load. Static and dynamic AIs are effective in reflecting the changes in foot stiffness that occur in walking and future work should examine the role of extrinsic muscle activation in this stiffness change.