Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraining past environmental changes of cold‐water coral mounds with geochemical proxies in corals and foraminifera

Cold‐water coral (CWC) reefs and mounds are and have been biodiversity hotspots of the deep sea. As their occurrence depends on specific environmental parameters, gaining hindsight on changing ocean conditions under on‐going climate change is the key to a better understanding of CWC mound development through time. A convenient technique for reconstructing the palaeoenvironment during periods of CWC mound growth is by extracting geochemical proxies from biologically mediated carbonates. Here, the focus is on probably the two most abundant calcareous archives, that are, cold‐water Scleractinia and Foraminifera, with an overview of the geochemical proxies (selection) used in these aragonitic and calcitic skeletons from CWC mounds. A particular emphasis is set on constraining proxies for temperature, salinity, seawater density, seawater carbonate systems parameters (pH, CO32−), nutrients, oxygen and water mass tracers.
Relationship between Obesity Phenotypes and Adipocytokines in Children

Objective To explore the relationship between obesity phenotypes and adipocytokines in children.Methods Based on the Beijing child and adolescent metabolic syndrome (BCAMS) study,3 508 children (1 788 boys and 1 720 girls) aged 6-18 were recruited.In this study,participants were categorized into four groups:226 cases in general obese group,192 cases in abdominal obese group,1 004 cases in combined obese group and 2 086 cases in non-obese group,according to the sex,age,specific body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) equal to or greater than the 90th percentile for age and gender of school children in Beijing in 2004.The levels of plasma insulin,serum leptin,resistin and adiponectin were measured by sensitive,specific double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Analysis of covariance,multivariate linear regression and binary logistic regression analysis were performed.Results There were highest plasma insulin and serum leptin,and lowest adiponectin levels in combined obese group than those in other obese groups and non-obese group and resistin level in abdominal obese group was highest than those in other obese groups or non-obese group.Among subjects with general obesity and conbined obesity,WC was more important factor than BMI for plasma insulin[β(WC)=0.158 P0.001;β(BMI)=0.137 P0.01],serum leptin[β(WC)=0.243 P0.001;β(BMI)=0.109 P0.05] and serum adiponectin[β(WC)=-0.106 P0.05;β(BMI)=0.023 P0.05]. With covariates adjusted,the odds ratios(OR)and 95% confidence intervals of general obesity,abdominal obesity and combined obesity were 3.46(2.44-4.91),5.41(3.87-7.57) and 10.10(8.26-12.35) for predicting hyperinsulinemia,respectively,5.83(4.02-8.45),7.07(4.97-10.05)and 20.82(16.49-26.28) for hyperleptinaemia,respectively,1.47(1.05-2.07),2.0(1.42-2.80) and 2.66(2.23-3.18) for hypoadiponectinaemia,respectively.Serum resistin was highest in abdominal obesity.Conclusion The levels of adipocytokines in children were correlated with the phenotypes of obesity,especially for abdominal obesity.
Isolation and characterization of bacteria from mangrove sediment at coastal area in Pangkep South Sulawesi

Mangrove ecosystem is an area with high potential of natural resourceswhich nowadaysremains unexplored. One of them is microorganismsthathidden in the depth of the mangrove sediments. Therefore, this study aims to isolate and characterize mangrove’s sediment bacteria from estuary coast of Pangkajene River, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sampling activities conducted at 6 stations with 3 different depths, those are 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm. Microbiological analysis includes microscopic, biochemical and analysis of the abundance of bacterial colonies using Total Plate Count test.From isolation and characterization, it was obtained 35 bacterial isolates consist of 7 different genus, those are Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Macrococcus, Alteromonas, Escherichia, and Listeria. Furthermore, result fromTotal Plate Counttest obtained variedwith the highest abundance of bacterial colonies was found atthe depth of 30-45 cmwith 9.48 x 104CFU.
Cost-effectiveness analysis on hyaluronic acid and glucosamine sulfate treatment for adults with Kaschin-Beck disease

Objective To find out a low price,well curative effect treatment for Kaschin-Beck disease( KBD) by the cost-effectiveness analysis on hyaluronic acid and glucosamine sulfate treatment for adults KBD. Methods The cost of treatment was taken as the direct costs,the therapeutic effect of hyaluronic and glucosamine sulfate for adults KBD were evaluated by the Assessment for therapeutic efficacy on Kaschin-Beck disease in 2011. The cost-effectiveness analysis,the incremental cost-effectiveness and sensitivity analysis were carried out. Results The improvement rate of joint dysfunction index were 80% ~ 85. 7% after intra- articular hyaluronic acid in 6 months. The improvement rate were 62. 5% ~ 70. 8% taking glucosamine sulfate in 6months. The cost-effectiveness ratio of hyaluronic acid group and glucosamine sulfate group were 10. 75 and 23. 45 respectively.The incremental cost-effectiveness of hyaluronate acid is-34. 94 comparing to glucosamine sulfate group. Sensitivity analysis showed that the cost-effect and the incremental cost-effect were not sensitive with the drug prices fell by 15%. Conclusion Intra-articular hyaluronic acid were a low price,good curative effect treatment for adults KBD,considering glucosamine sulfate as an auxiliary treatment.
Orbital Identification of Hydrated Silica in Jezero Crater, Mars

Silica has the highest demonstrated potential of any phase to preserve microfossils on Earth and therefore may host potential biosignatures on Mars. We detected hydrated silica in Jezero crater, the landing site of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Mars 2020 rover mission, by applying Dynamic Aperture Factor Analysis/Target Transformation to images from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars. Hydrated silica detections with Dynamic Aperture Factor Analysis/Target Transformation were verified using commonly accepted Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars analysis methods. The morphology of geologic units associated with silica was characterized with high‐resolution imaging. Several hypotheses are presented for the formation environment of hydrated silica. All are testable via in situ investigation. We assess the likelihood of silica to preserve biosignatures in these different scenarios based on habitability considerations and biosignature preservation in Earth analog environments and materials. Also reported are possible detections of hydrated silica in the Nili Fossae basement and olivine‐rich units, as well as Al‐phyllosilicate within Jezero crater.
Protein degradability of grassland forage under simulated rotational spring grazing

A cutting experiment was conducted to analyze the changes in the crude protein (CP) fraction content and in the estimated ruminal protein degradability of forage, obtained in conditions of simulated rotational spring grazing on permanent grassland. The field trial was conducted on permanent pasture during 2015 and included three cuttings as a simulated rotational spring grazing. For determination of protein degradability of pasture forage, the fractionation of the CP according to Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS v6.5) and the Streptomyces griseus protease assay were used. Relative to CP, no significant differences were found among cuts for ammonia N content (A1 fraction) and for protein fraction C which is completely unavailable to the animals. Values for soluble true protein (A2 fraction) and cell wall-associated protein, which is acid detergent soluble (B2), were significantly increased (p<0.05) while a significant reduction (p<0.05) of the moderately degradable protein (B1) content was determined during the growing season. The lower rumen degradable protein (RDP) content of grassland herbage was obtained in the second cut which was significant (p<0.05) according to the CNCPS procedure. Obtained high solubility and degradability of CP in pasture require adequate content of readily available carbohydrates in rations for grazing ruminants to provide efficient utilization of consumed protein.
Adaptive robust control of oil and gas production objects

The article discusses a synthesis algorithm for objects with identification and parameter tuning. The algorithm is made on the basis of software and is tested for the formation of control effects in distillation column control circuit used in oil and gas processing production. It is shown that the control method suggested for a distillation column is not less effective in comparison with a control method that pre-tuned a preset proportional and integral differential controller. The suggested controller parameter tuning is not required and is made as the mentioned algorithm functions. Moreover, in the article it is possible to find the research results of testing in conditions of various level noise, control limitations, and controlled object parameter shift.
The interpretation of forensic DNA profiles: an historical perspective

ABSTRACT The advent of DNA profiling in the 1980s has revolutionised forensic science. Forensic DNA profiling is a powerful tool that is used to both exonerate and implicate persons of interest in criminal cases. The technologies used to recover and detect DNA from crime scene stains have evolved over time. Whereas 30 years ago most forensic profiles were generated from visible stains such as blood or semen, nowadays, DNA profiles are often generated from trace amounts of DNA including touched items. The DNA in these profiles is often compromised in quantity and quality, and frequently originates from more than one individual. This improved sensitivity has complicated the interpretation of forensic DNA profiles, and consequently improved methods of profile interpretation have had to be developed. The adoption of these methods has meant that forensic scientists can now interpret mixed DNA profiles previously thought to be too complicated. This article reviews the history of forensic DNA profiling globally, introduces the challenges of DNA profile interpretation, discusses why the community is adopting improved methods, and reflects on what new technology is on the horizon and the new challenges that may present.
From micro-mechanisms of damage initiation to constitutive mechanical behavior of bainitic multiphase steels

Global warming, continuous demand on energy from fossil fuels as a limited natural resource, and costumers’ high expectations regarding product quality are three global challenges that the automotive industry is facing. Fuel consumption reduction has a significant impact on preserving fossil fuels, lowering fossil fuel dependency and the CO2 emissions that result in global warming. Weight reduction of car bodies, as so called Bodies-In-White (BIW), is one possible solution that the automotive industry can invest on. However, there are other conflicting parameters to weight reduction such as passenger safety and formability, which need to be considered simultaneously.
Runoff and nutrient losses from conventional and conservation tillage systems during fixed and variable rate rainfall simulation

Tillage systems and fertilizer sources impact soil health and ecosystem services. Rainfall simulations can be used to evaluate tillage and fertilizer management effects on ecosystem services associated with runoff amount and quality. Fixed rate (FR; 57 mm h−1 for 60 minutes) and variable rate (VR; based on the pattern of the most frequent spring rain) simulations were conducted on corn (Zea mays L.) plots supplied with conventional fertilizer (CF; ammonium nitrate [NH4NO3]) or poultry litter (PL) and managed with conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT) on a Cecil soil (Ultisol) near Watkinsville, Georgia. Simulations were conducted in separate years (FR in 2004 and VR in 2005). Tillage and tillage × fertilizer interactions had significant effects on total runoff and sediment loss under FR but not VR. Under FR, 55.8% of the simulated rainfall was partitioned into runoff from CT compared with 9.7% from NT. Under VR, 42% to 60% was partitioned into runoff with no difference among treatments. Sediment loss was 11-fold greater from CT compared with NT under FR (919 g versus 82 g). Under VR, sediment loss varied between 755 g and 2,174 g with no difference among treatments. Tillage and tillage × fertilizer interactions had significant effects on total load for ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in both methods and dissolved reactive and total phosphorus (DRP and TP) under VR. Fertilizer source affected loads of NH4-N under VR and NO3-N and TP under both methods. Our results confirm that 12 years of continuous NT on a Cecil soil, representative of much of the Southern Piedmont, is far superior to CT for reducing runoff and sediment loss. Larger and more intense storms predicted in future climate projections warrant greater adoption of reduced tillage systems to counteract potential runoff and sediment losses from CT systems.
Refraction tomography at the Nova Ni-Cu mine

Summary The mining industry is increasingly using 3D seismic reflection datasets, from project genesis through to mature mine sites. During processing of the reflection data, the refracted arrival is digitised and used to correct for nearsurface velocity variations. By performing a 3D inversion of these first arrivals, a high-resolution, tomographic velocity model can be obtained that provides additional information in the top portion of the seismic volume. The Nova Operation, owned by IGO, is located in the Fraser Range of Western Australia. The Nova-Bollinger ore bodies are magmatic Ni-Cu deposits being mined from within an eye-like structure visible on magnetic datasets. In 2018, a 60 sqkm seismic reflection survey was acquired over the Nova mining lease to assist in exploration. The velocity model derived from the refraction tomography provided useful information in the near-surface, including insights into hydrogeology and the base of the cover. When compared to current models created from drilling and AEM, additional detail can be observed, including additional palaeochannels in the southeast.
The Evaluation of Permeable Cementitious Media for Nutrient Removal

Excessive amounts of nutrients in surface and ground waters can interfere with the quality of aquatic and human life. Permeable pavement systems have been studied for contaminant removal, but there are limitations to the current state of knowledge. Laboratory studies were utilized to fundamentally characterize permeable cementitious media for the removal of nitrate-nitrogen and orthophosphate-phosphorus. Batch reactor tests were used to determine nitrate and orthophosphate removal and retention for five permeable reactive concrete mixtures. Additionally, fixed-bed breakthrough experiments were used to determine the nitrate removal for five permeable lightweight cellular concrete mixtures. Finally, one breakthrough experiment was used to determine the nitrate removal of a lightweight cementitious media. It was determined that nitrate and orthophosphate removal isotherms of permeable reactive concrete were linear within the range of concentrations tested. The greatest nitrate removal in batch reactor and column tests were with ordinary portland cement (OPC), 50% replacement with ground-granulated blast-furnace slag, and 3% replacement with titanium iv dioxide (TiO2). OPC cellular concrete mixtures demonstrated beneficial removal at a lower w/c ratio. The nitrate removal process was characterized as slow for the cellular concrete and lightweight media mixtures during column tests. Multiple rates of nitrate removal observed during column testing may indicate multiple mechanisms of removal. Leach testing indicated that nitrate removal may not be permanent, although over 85% was retained by the TiO2 and OPC mixtures. Orthophosphate removal and retention was effective for all PRC specimen with greater removal for the mixtures containing 3% replacement with TiO2 and 25% replacement with fly ash. In addition to nutrient removal, correlations between nitrate removed and sulfate leached were investigated. It was determined that soluble sulfate slowly leaches from the hydrated concrete and foaming agent in all mixtures. Specimen that were flushed with deionized water experienced lower removal rates than their counterparts. No direct correlation between mass of sulfate leached and mass of nitrate removed was observed in batch reactor testing or cellular concrete tests, although supplementary materials and the foaming agent could affect the relationship.
Overview of the GF‐7 Laser Altimeter System Mission

The Gao Fen 7 (GF‐7) satellite is China's first submeter, high‐resolution Earth observation and remote sensing satellite for natural resource monitoring, land surveying, and other industrial applications in China. The GF‐7 laser altimeter system is the successor of the ZiYuan3‐02 (ZY3‐02 satellite) laser altimeter. The key objective of the GF‐7 laser altimetry system is to provide high‐precision ground elevation control points that assist in optical imaging to achieve 1:10000 mapping in China. This paper introduces the GF‐7 laser altimeter system payload specifications, mission objectives, in‐orbit calibration plan, data products, and service policy. In the future, the GF‐7 laser altimeter system will also serve multidisciplinary and professional applications through its precise elevation measurement capabilities. In addition, it will play a vital role in Earth observation, climate change monitoring, and environmental protection.
Temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter mineralization decreases with long‐term N fertilization: Evidence from four Q10 estimation approaches

Climate warming and anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loads are two major global change components interactively affecting carbon cycling. However, the effects of N forms and amounts on temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization remain incomplete. With this goal, soil was sampled after 23 years of mineral and (or) organic N fertilization, and then incubated for one year at 10, 20, and 30°C. For the first time, we compared four approaches (Equal time, Equal C, 1‐C pool, and 2‐C pool model) to evaluate the Q10 of SOM mineralization. All approaches showed that the Q10 decreased by more than one third with N fertilization compared to unfertilized control at low temperatures. The '1‐C pool model' was not adequate for Q10 estimation with various C availability. The Q10 estimated by '2‐C pool model' was strongly depended on incubation duration. The 'Equal C' approach was more powerful for separating SOM pools and it revealed the decreased Q10 of the recalcitrant pool at high N rates. The impact of N fertilization on Q10 was more evident at high N than at low N. Notably, the Q10 decreased more by mineral N compared to organic fertilizers (~60% vs. ~40% decreased in Q10) at 10–20oC. The added benefit of N fertilization in protecting SOM under climate warming was demonstrated by decreased Q10. Such one‐third reduction of temperature sensitivity by N fertilization is large enough to be considered in predictions of global SOM stocks under warming and anthropogenic N loads.
Development of deep learning method for lead content prediction of lettuce leaf using hyperspectral images

ABSTRACT The validity and reliability of visible–near infrared (Vis–NIR) hyperspectral imaging were investigated for the determination of lead concentration in lettuce leaves. Besides, a method involving wavelet transform and stacked auto-encoders (WT-SAE) is proposed to decompose the spectral data in the multi-scale transform and obtain the deep spectral features. The Vis–NIR hyperspectral images of 1120 lettuce leaf samples were obtained and the whole region of lettuce leaf sample spectral data was collected and preprocessed. In addition, WT-SAE the deep spectral features using db5 as wavelet basis function, and support vector machine regression (SVR) was used for regression modelling. Furthermore, the best prediction performances for detecting lead (Pb) concentration in lettuce leaves was obtained from raw data set, with coefficient of determination for calibration (Rc2) of 0.9911, root mean square error for calibration (RMSEC) of 0.05187, coefficient of determination for prediction (Rp2) of 0.9590, root mean square error for prediction (RMSEP) of 0.05587 and residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 3.251 using db5 as wavelet basis function with wavelet fifth layer decomposition. The results of this study indicated that WT-SAE can effectively select the optimal deep spectral features and Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging has great potential for detecting lead content in lettuce leaves.
Changes in speciated PM2.5 concentrations in Fresno, California, due to NOx reductions and variations in diurnal emission profiles by day of week

The San Joaquin Valley in California suffers from poor air quality due to a combination of local emissions and weak ventilation. Over the course of decades, there has been a concerted effort to control emissions from vehicles as well as from residential wood burning. A multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the trends in air pollution over multiple time scales: by year, by season, by day of the week and by time of day. The model was applied to 18 years of measurements in Fresno including hourly mole fractions of NOx and concentrations of PM2.5; and daily measurements of speciated components of PM2.5. The analysis shows that there have been reductions in NOx, elemental carbon and ammonium nitrate of 4 to 6%/year. On weekends, NOx mole fractions are reduced by 15 to 30% due to fewer vehicle miles traveled and a smaller fraction of diesel traffic. These weekend reductions in NOx have not been accompanied by weekend reductions in PM2.5 however. In particular, elemental and organic carbon concentrations are higher on winter weekends. Analysis of diurnal profiles suggests that this is because of increased PM2.5 on Saturday and holiday evenings which are likely due to residential wood combustion. Furthermore, while organic carbon concentrations have decreased in the winter months, they have been variable but without a net decline in the summer, most likely as a result of forest fires offsetting other improvements in air quality. Fog was found to greatly enhance ammonium nitrate formation and was therefore associated with higher PM2.5 in the winter months. Overall the analysis shows that air quality controls have been effective at reducing NOx all year and PM2.5 in the winter, that continued reductions in emissions will further reduce pollutant concentrations, but that winter residential wood combustion and summer forest fires could offset some of the gains obtained.