Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-line Measurement of Moisture Content of Wheat by Acoustic Method

Moisture content has significant effects on most properties of agricultural products. Acoustic technique is a suitable method for moisture prediction of grains and seeds, because the impact sound of seeds with a impact surface is highly affected by moisture content. In this study, a acoustic device was used to determine the moisture content of wheat grains (12‒ 32% wet basis) to the sound spectrum generated by the fall of grains over a rigid surface of known characteristics (glass, wood and galvanize iron). A microphone, which is placed underneath the surface, receives sound waves generated by kernel impact and converts them to an electronic signal. The linear equations were proposed to describe the existing relationship between acoustic property and moisture content. Glass impact surface and 10 cm drop height selected as the suitable parameters for calibration of system. The moisture content of the samples was determined using standard oven method. Results show that the moisture content measured by using acoustic technique was highly correlated with the actual values (R 2 ≥ 0.95).
Trends and challenges of visual search interfaces in digital libraries and repositories

Purpose This paper aims to present an overview of the challenges encountered in integrating visual search interfaces into digital libraries and repositories. These challenges come in various forms, including information visualisation, the use of knowledge organisation systems and metadata quality. The main purpose of this study is the identification of criteria for the evaluation and integration of visual search interfaces, proposing guidelines and recommendations to improve information retrieval tasks with emphasis on the education-al context. Design/methodology/approach The information included in this study was collected based on a systematic literature review approach. The main information sources were explored in several digital libraries, including Science Direct, Scopus, ACM and IEEE, and include journal articles, conference proceedings, books, European project reports and deliverables and PhD theses published in an electronic format. A total of 142 studies comprised the review. Findings There are several issues that authors did not fully discuss in this literature review study; more specific, aspects associated with access of digital resources in digital libraries and repositories based on human computer interaction, i.e. usability and learnability of user interfaces; design of a suitable navigation method of search based on simple knowledge organisation schemes; and the use of usefulness of visual search interfaces to locate relevant resources. Research limitations/implications The main steps for carrying out a systematic review are drawn from health care; this methodology is not commonly used in fields such as digital libraries and repositories. The authors aimed to apply the fundamentals of the systematic literature review methodology considering the context of this study. Additionally, there are several aspects of accessibility that were not considered in the study, such as accessibility to content for disabled people as defined by ISO/IEC 40500:2012. Originality/value No other systematic literature reviews have been conducted in this field. The research presents an in-depth analysis of the criteria associated with searching and navigation methods based on the systematic literature review approach. The analysis is relevant for researchers in the field of digital library and repository creation in that it may direct them to considerations in designing and implementing visual search interfaces based on the use of information visualisation.
Using big data to enhance crisis response and disaster resilience for a smart city

High population growth, urbanization, and global climate change drive up the frequency of disasters, causing grave losses of people's lives and property worldwide. Additionally, globalization, technological development, and the changing roles of individuals in society will require entirely new approaches, tools, and capabilities to help inform decision making under uncertain conditions. However, the mismatch between the high disaster vulnerability and the low crisis response and disaster resilience becomes a critical problem for emergency management. Recent years, key advances in computing — smartphones, worldwide mobile internet access, social media and industrial big data have all contributed to break through barriers of information exchange which help disaster managers working on data-driven solutions to disaster management problems. Based on big data, the emergency managers can identify and assesse risk through critical infrastructure operating data or sensor data, and then predict the affected population through smartphone data or social media data, and finally provide an operation plan for establishing the target capabilities for a community to response to the crisis. Also, big data plays a part in providing real-time clues of on-site disaster information through data mining. Based on the analyzed real-time disaster information, the research creates real-time feedback loops on nature disaster to help the decision-makers make the real-time update, precision and dynamic rescue plan. In combination, big data can help in all four phases of disaster management: prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery, and can also help us take actions to improve our city's resilience to disasters.
Rethinking HIV-prevention for school-going young people based on current behaviour patterns

Abstract The aim of the research was to gain increased knowledge regarding the sexual risk behaviour of school-going young people in South Africa after two decades of HIV-education in schools, to contribute to the development of improved HIV prevention strategies. In collaboration with the Department of Education, a sample of 5305 learners (between 10 and 18 years in Grades 5–12) from high-risk communities were identified. They completed a survey that assessed self-reported sexual risk behaviour and variables that potentially underlie sexual risk, such as attitudes towards preventive behaviour, perceived social norms and self-efficacy (based on the theory of planned behaviour [TPB]) and social factors like caregiver relationships and gender norms (based on the social ecological theory). Lifetime sex was reported by 49.4% of boys and 30.5% of girls in Grades 8–12, while 56% of the sexually active young people reported consistent condom use. Accurate knowledge about HIV transmission was low (37.8%). Regression analysis showed that risk behaviour was more prominent among older male youths, who perceived social norms as encouraging sexual activity, who use alcohol excessively, and who have negative attitudes towards abstinence. Perceived traditional community gender norms and negative relationships with caregivers were also associated with sexual risk behaviour. This research showed that the TPB can be used in planning HIV prevention interventions for young people. It also revealed that HIV-prevention strategies should focus beyond educating the individual, to address community factors such as improving caregiver relationships, the culture of substance abuse, peer group norms and inequality in community gender norms. These community processes influence young people's behaviour and need to be addressed to allow the youth to make healthy behavioural choices.
Post-natal growth and development of Simmental calves derived from in vivo or in vitro embryos.

Large fetuses arising from embryos produced in vitro have been shown to exhibit altered organ development in utero, but it is not known whether this persists post natally. Post-natal growth and development was examined in 18 Simmental bulls derived from in vivo frozen-thawed (n = 6), in vitro frozen-thawed (n = 6) or in vitro fresh (n = 6) embryos and reared together post weaning on an ad libitum diet until slaughter at approximately 13 months old. Calves weighing less than 60 kg at birth (n = 11) were classified as normal, and heavier calves (n = 7; all from in vitro embryos) as oversize. Lifetime growth rates and slaughter weights apparently were unaffected by embryo source or birthweight. Mean (+/- s.e.m.) post mortem liver and kidney weights were unaffected by embryo source, but hearts of bulls from in vitro frozen embryos were heavier than those of bulls from in vivo frozen embryos (2.7 +/- 0.04 v 2.3 +/- 0.07 kg, P<0.025). Heart weight per kilogram body weight at slaughter for the 7 perinatally oversize males (4.01 +/- 0.08 g) exceeded that of the other 5 bulls from in vitro embryos (3.60 +/- 0.10 g kg(-1); P<0.04) and the 6 in vivo males (3.56 +/- 0.12 g kg(-1); P<0.02). Overall, one-third of the variation in heart weight at slaughter (r2 = 0.35; P = 0.01) was due to variation in birthweight. This is the first study to demonstrate birthweight-related developmental effects on post-natal organ weight following the transfer of embryos produced in vitro.
HdeB Functions as an Acid-protective Chaperone in Bacteria*

Background: Periplasmic chaperones HdeA and HdeB are involved in the acid stress response in Escherichia coli. Results: HdeB requires its folded and dimeric state to protect E. coli from protein aggregation at pH 4. Conclusion: HdeA and HdeB use different mechanisms to prevent periplasmic protein aggregation, allowing them to function over a broad pH range. Significance: This study furthers the understanding of how enteric bacteria counteract acid stress. Enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli utilize various acid response systems to counteract the acidic environment of the mammalian stomach. To protect their periplasmic proteome against rapid acid-mediated damage, bacteria contain the acid-activated periplasmic chaperones HdeA and HdeB. Activation of HdeA at pH 2 was shown to correlate with its acid-induced dissociation into partially unfolded monomers. In contrast, HdeB, which has high structural similarities to HdeA, shows negligible chaperone activity at pH 2 and only modest chaperone activity at pH 3. These results raised intriguing questions concerning the physiological role of HdeB in bacteria, its activation mechanism, and the structural requirements for its function as a molecular chaperone. In this study, we conducted structural and biochemical studies that revealed that HdeB indeed works as an effective molecular chaperone. However, in contrast to HdeA, whose chaperone function is optimal at pH 2, the chaperone function of HdeB is optimal at pH 4, at which HdeB is still fully dimeric and largely folded. NMR, analytical ultracentrifugation, and fluorescence studies suggest that the highly dynamic nature of HdeB at pH 4 alleviates the need for monomerization and partial unfolding. Once activated, HdeB binds various unfolding client proteins, prevents their aggregation, and supports their refolding upon subsequent neutralization. Overexpression of HdeA promotes bacterial survival at pH 2 and 3, whereas overexpression of HdeB positively affects bacterial growth at pH 4. These studies demonstrate how two structurally homologous proteins with seemingly identical in vivo functions have evolved to provide bacteria with the means for surviving a range of acidic protein-unfolding conditions.
Comparison Of Telemetric And Tail‐Cuff Blood Pressure Monitoring In Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone‐Treated Rats

1. The aim of the present study was to validate a telemetric blood pressure (BP) monitoring system against tail‐cuff blood pressure in both adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)‐ and sham‐treated rats. In the statistical analyses, we first tested whether there was a detectable effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 10 days treatment with ACTH compared with saline. Second, we compared results of telemetered and tail‐cuff measurements and, third, we developed a novel method for estimating the relative power of the two techniques.
Cellular proteins reactive with monoclonal antibodies directed against simian virus 40 T-antigen

Several recently isolated monoclonal antibodies which reacted with simian virus 40 T antigens also reacted with proteins found in uninfected and untransformed cells. The proteins were different from each other, PAb419 reacting with a 35,000-molecular-weight protein, PAb427 reacting with a 75,000-molecular-weight phosphoprotein, PAb405 reacting with a 150,000-molecular-weight phosphoprotein, and PAb204 reacting with a 68,000-molecular-weight protein. It is suggested that although some of these cross-reactions may be fortuitous, they may, as an alternative, reflect similarities of shape and perhaps function between domains of the viral T antigen and the relevant host proteins.
Hybrid Algorithm for predict heart disease

A remarkable growth and heart disease and the effects of their duties and high costs on the community, has led to the medical community seeks to plans for further investigation, prevention, early detection and treatment to be effective. For the construction of the regulatory models of different techniques, such as the tree CART decision, k nearest neighbor and improved nearest neighbor was used by the algorithm birds. With an extension of the models and involve new parameters to more and more reliable results. By using the results of these models to predict the heart disease can be in various statistics and mortality decreased from heart disease.
Cyanate and Thiocyanate: Acute Toxicity 1

Summary In toxic doses sodium cyanate and thiocyanate produce similar syndromes in mice: tremor, hyper-reactivity and tonic-clonic convulsions. A common pattern of interactions with central nervous system drugs suggests that these anions have similar mechanisms of action. Thiocyanate had highly unpredictable lethal effects, but its conversion to cyanide in vivo cannot account for its toxicity.
Intracellular recording from neurones of the guinea‐pig gall‐bladder.

1. Intracellular recordings were made from neurones of the guinea‐pig gall‐bladder in vitro. Intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase revealed a simple structure, consisting of a soma and a single process, but no discernible dendritic arborization. 2. The resting membrane potential was ‐50.5 +/‐ 0.4 mV and the input resistance was 80 M omega. 3. Gall‐bladder neurones spiked only once at the onset of depolarizing current pulses. Action potentials were blocked by tetrodotoxin, but a Ca2(+)‐dependent spike could be elicited in the presence of tetrodotoxin and tetraethylammonium. 4. Action potential after‐hyperpolarizations had a duration of 172 +/‐ 3.7 ms and reversed at a membrane potential of ‐93 mV; this reversal potential was linearly related to the logarithm of the external potassium concentration. The initial phase of the after‐hyperpolarization was inhibited by tetraethylammonium (1‐10 mM) and was not affected by 3,4‐diaminopyridine. The late phase of the after‐hyperpolarization was blocked by apamin (10 nM) or curare (500 microM). Both the early and late phases of the after‐hyperpolarization were inhibited when the preparation was perfused with a calcium‐free, high‐magnesium solution. The calcium‐free, high‐magnesium solution had no effect on the membrane potential or input resistance of these cells. 5. Fast excitatory synaptic responses and antidromic responses were elicited in gall‐bladder neurones by focal stimulation of fibre tracts. High‐frequency fibre tract stimulation often resulted in prolonged, calcium‐dependent, depolarizations that were associated with a decrease in input resistance. 6. 5‐Hydroxytryptamine and substance P caused depolarizations that were associated with a decrease in input resistance. Bethanechol caused hyperpolarizations that were associated with a decrease in input resistance and which were blocked by atropine.
Comparing health behaviours of internal medicine residents and medical students: an observational study.

PURPOSE During residency, many physicians find it difficult to maintain a healthy lifestyle; however, there is little objective data available. In this study, residents' health behaviours and cardiovascular risk status were compared with those of medical students. METHODS Medical residents (n=55, postgraduate years 1 to 4) were compared with medical students (n=62, years 1-4). The main dependent variable was the average number of steps per day (assessed using a pedometer) at work and leisure over three days, during which subjects were not on call or post-call. In addition, all subjects completed a three day food log. Frequency of vigorous exercise was assessed by a single question. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking habits and random blood glucose were measured, and Framingham Risk Score coronary artery disease 10 year probabilities (FRS) were calculated. RESULTS Residents recorded 8344±3520 steps per day while students recorded 10703±3986 (p < 0.002). 35% of residents and 52% of students averaged more than 10,000 steps per day and senior residents took fewer steps than junior residents. Both groups frequently failed to achieve the recommended daily servings of fruits and vegetables; on average, 3.5±2.0 servings for residents and 5.4±2.2 for students (p < 0.0001). BMI and FRS were higher among the residents in comparison with the students. CONCLUSION Medical residents at our institution appear less active and consume fewer servings of fruits and vegetables than undergraduate medical students. These differences are associated with higher BMI, waist circumference and cardiovascular risk.
Failure to initiate early insulin therapy – A risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in insulin users with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Sankara Nethralaya-Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study (SN-DREAMS, Report number 35)

Context: Insulin users have been reported to have a higher incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Aim: The aim was to elucidate the factors associated with DR among insulin users, especially association between duration, prior to initiating insulin for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and developing DR. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional observational study included 1414 subjects having Type 2 DM. Insulin users were defined as subjects using insulin for glycemic control, and insulin nonusers as those either not using any antidiabetic treatment or using diet control or oral medications. The duration before initiating insulin after diagnosis was calculated by subtracting the duration of insulin usage from the duration of DM. DR was clinically graded using Klein′s classification. SPSS (version 9.0) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Insulin users had more incidence of DR (52.9% vs. 16.3%, P < 0.0001) and sight threatening DR (19.1% vs. 2.4%, P < 0.0001) in comparison to insulin nonusers. Among insulin users, longer duration of DM (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.25, P = 0.044) and abdominal obesity (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02-1.29, P = 0.021) was associated with DR. The presence of DR was significantly associated with longer duration (≥5 years) prior to initiating insulin therapy, overall (38.0% vs. 62.0%, P = 0.013), and in subjects with suboptimal glycemic control (32.5% vs. 67.5%, P = 0.022). Conclusions: The presence of DR is significantly associated with longer duration of diabetes (>5 years) and sub-optimal glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin <7.0%). Among insulin users, abdominal obesity was found to be a significant predictor of DR; DR is associated with longer duration prior to initiating insulin therapy in Type 2 DM subjects with suboptimal glycemic control.
Revenue and conservation implication of South African National Parks' commercialisation

Th e quest for improved self-revenue generation and reduction of the fi nancial burden on government prompted the adoption of public private partnership (PPP) in the management of South African National Parks (SANParks). Accordingly, this paper examined the revenue and conservation implication of PPP in SANParks. Using a statistical t-test of diff erence in means, before and within the PPP, results show a signifi cant increase in sales revenue and conservation (with signifi cant increase of rare and threatened species) during the PPP period. Additionally, the PPP has supported poverty alleviation through a strategic use of small, micro and medium enterprises with associated local job creation and concomitant increasing support for dependent local family members. Th is paper thus off ers a practical evidence for conservation managers that public private partnership can enhance revenue and conservation of national parks in a developing country. Ascertaining that PPP could enhance revenue and conservation in a national park should motivate conservation managers to improve PPP strategies for reinforcing future revenue streams and attendant conservation in protected areas.
Face Hallucination Using PCA in Wavelet Domain

A speed regulating circuit which regulates motor speed without the use of a speed feedback signal by adjusting the magnitude of motor current so as to maintain a predetermined relationship between motor voltage and current. A function generator generates a current reference signal as a function of motor terminal voltage. The relationship between terminal voltage and motor current is established by curve fitting of the motor volt-amp family of curves for constant motor speeds. The current reference signal controls a motor current control circuit, preferably a time ratio or chopper circuit in order to adjust motor current and to regulate motor speed. A closed loop current control loop is associated with the chopper circuit for adjusting motor current to the current reference value.
Personalized Hotel Recommendation based on Social Networks

Recommender systems have become an important tool for users to identify interesting items as well as for businesses to promote their products to the right users. With the rapid development of social networks, travelers start to seek recommendations and advises from websites like TripAdvisor and Yelp. While travelers are willing to share their opinions on social networks, this provides an opportunity for hospitality businesses to learn their customers’ preferences. Given these preferences data, recent advances in machine learning research has made it possible to build automatic recommender systems that can generate hotel recommendations tailored for each traveler. This chapter introduces the basic concepts and tools for creating hotel recommender systems.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Seizure Response to a GABAA Receptor Inverse Agonist in Mice

To define the genetic contributions affecting individual differences in seizure threshold, a β carboline [methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate (β-CCM)]-induced model of generalized seizures was genetically dissected in mice. β-CCM is a GABAA receptor inverse agonist and convulsant. By measuring the latency to generalized seizures after β-CCM administration to A/J and C57BL6/J mice and their progeny, we estimated a heritability of 0.28 ± 0.10. A genome wide screen in an F2 population of these parental strains (n = 273) mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on proximal chromosome 7 [logarithm of the likelihood for linkage (LOD) = 3.71] and distal chromosome 10 (LOD = 4.29) for seizure susceptibility, explaining ∼22 and 25%, respectively, of the genetic variance for this seizure trait. The best fitting logistic regression model suggests that the A/J allele at each locus increases the likelihood of seizures approximately threefold. In a subsequent backcross population (n= 223), we mapped QTLs on distal chromosome 4 (LOD = 2.88) and confirmed the distal chromosome 10 QTLs (LOD = 4.36). In the backcross, the C57BL/6J allele of the chromosome 10 QTL decreases the risk of seizures approximately twofold. These QTLs may ultimately lead to the identification of genes influencing individual differences in seizure threshold in mice and the discovery of novel anticonvulsant agents. The colocalization on distal chromosome 10 of a β-CCM susceptibility QTL and a QTL for open field ambulation and vertical movement suggests the existence of a single, pleiotropic locus, which we have named Exq1.