Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationships of Locomotion to Differential Predation on Pseudacris Triseriata (Anura: Hylidae)

Laboratory experiments, using the garter snake Thamnopphis sirtalis as predator and the chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata as prey, show that metamorphosing anurans are captured more frequently by T. sirtalis than either premetamorphic tadpoles frogs. Stomach contents of wild—caught Thamnophis have similarly revealed more anuran prey in transformation than at earlier or later stages. The high susceptibility of transforming Pseudacris to snake predation appears to be a direct consequence of a body form not conductive to effective locomotion. The sustained swimming ability of premetamorphic and metamorphic P. triseriata was examined in the laboratoy. It was found that until the eruption of the forelimbs, the larger a tadpole is, the longer it can maintain its position in a steady current. The length of the tail appears to be a positive factor in sustained swimming. Large hindlimbs do not appear to assist swimming and may increase drag. Tadpoles that have begun to metamorphose (forelimbs visible) demonstrate .
New concepts of molecular communication among neurons

Recently a number of complex electrophysiological responses to neurotransmitters have been observed that cannot be described as simple excitation or inhibition. These responses are often characterized as modulatory, although there is no consensus on what defines modulation. Morphological studies reveal certain neurotransmitters stored in what might be release sites without synaptic contact. There is no direct evidence for nonsynaptic release from CNS sites, although such release does occur in the periphery and in invertebrates. Nonsynaptic release might provide a basis for diffuse one-cell-to-many communication, but it might also simply be a means of sending the transmitter to a broader area of a single neuron than occurs in typical synapses. Several kinds of macromolecules have been found to be transported in a retrograde direction – and in some cases transsynaptically. There have been suggestions that some neurons may release more than one type of transmitter. Particularly intriguing is the possibility of release of substances that modulate actions of a primary transmitter. Taken together this range of evidence suggests that neurons may use a variety of forms of molecular communication in addition to traditionally described synaptic transmission. Several authors have suggested modes of communication distinct from classical synaptic transmission and have classified released substances using terms such as neurohumor, neurohormone, neuroregulator, and modulator. These suggestions have the heuristic value of drawing together diverse kinds of data, but it remains to be established that the pieces fit together in that fashion – for example, that complex electrophysiological effects are associated with substances released nonsynaptically. In order to reduce confusion, a flexible, generic approach to nomenclature for substances released from neurons and for hypothetical modes of communication is recommended. Some behavioral implications of nonconventional transmission are considered.
Atypically heterogeneous vertical first fixations to faces in a case series of people with developmental prosopagnosia

ABSTRACT When people recognize faces, they normally move their eyes so that their first fixation is in the optimal location for efficient perceptual processing. This location is found just below the centre-point between the eyes. This type of attentional bias could be partly innate, but also an inevitable developmental process that aids our ability to recognize faces. We investigated whether a group of people with developmental prosopagnosia would also demonstrate neurotypical first fixation locations when recognizing faces during an eye-tracking task. We found evidence that adults with prosopagnosia had atypically heterogeneous first fixations in comparison to controls. However, differences were limited to the vertical, but not horizontal, plane of the face. We interpret these findings by suggesting that subtle changes to face-based eye movement patterns in developmental prosopagnosia may underpin their face recognition impairments, and suggest future work is still needed to address this possibility.
Analysis of emotional labour differences according to general characteristics of fashion store salesperson

ABSTRACT This study empirically analyses emotional labour differences by classifying the general characteristics of fashion store salespersons into three industry-specific categories: demographic characteristics, job characteristics, and brand characteristics. The variables of emotional labour were examined according to its elements (surface acting and deep acting), antecedents (positive affectivity, negative affectivity, job autonomy, and customer incivility), and consequences (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, turnover intention, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction). The participants of this study were fashion salespersons aged 20 or older, engaged in the fashion retail business of clothing and fashion goods in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. A total of 320 valid questionnaires were used for our statistical analysis. Based on the results of this study, strengthening the capacity of fashion salespeople and the competitiveness of the retail industry by developing support programs and creating awareness of the negative effects of emotional labour will lead to the qualitative growth of the service industry.
Spatial differences in reproduction of capelin (Mallotus villosus socialis) in the coastal waters of Sakhalin

Capelin spawn in all main coastal areas of Sakhalin Island except the Amur estuary (i.e. in the northwest, southwest, and northeast of the Island, including Aniva and Terpeniya Bays). In all those areas, spawning stocks of capelin exhibit significant differences in population parameters (size-age composition, growth, fecundity), periods and intensity of spawning, and rates of egg mortality. The areas are distinguished also by the parameters of the spawning areas, oceanographic conditions, zooplankton biomass, numbers of pelagic and demersal fish species, and abundance of planktivorous fish and seabirds. Conditions are clearly best for reproduction and growth of capelin off northwestern Sakhalin Island.
Mixed Methods Research – Nonverbal Observations of Cultural Convergence in Online and Offline Contexts: Testing Hall’s Low- Vs. High-Context Framework

ABSTRACT Extending the existing low- and high-context culture theoretical framework, the current research examined the extent to which globalization has shaped low- and high-context cultures in relation to nonverbal communication. The current study employed an exploratory sequential design mixed research method. The first phase of the study observed cultural convergence evident in people’s nonverbal communication in real life and reported the observations qualitatively. In the second phase of the study, a quantitative content analysis was carried out. The content analysis, namely sentiment analysis, examined the occurrences of people of diverse nationalities expressing their emotions when they provide reviews of airlines on a travel website and empirically test the relevance of low- and high-context theoretical framework in the era of globalization. A total of 85,228 reviews of 592 airlines available on a travel website were downloaded using a web crawler. The qualified records used for analysis included records from the following regions: Africa, Asia, Australia, Latin America, Northwestern Europe, Southern Europe, and United States. An analysis of variance on the number of words people used in writing travel reviews online yielded significant variations among the seven regions. This data also sheds light on cultural convergence.
Engaging students in a fully online accounting degree: an action research study

ABSTRACT Student engagement is crucial for learning, especially in online learning. For a student to be a successful online learner, they need to engage socially and collaboratively through their behaviours, emotions and cognition. This paper discusses an accounting module of a fully online degree where engagement was purposely integrated using an engagement framework. An action research design was followed to determine the degree of engagement within the module and to improve on it. The findings indicated that incorporating five forms of engagement into the module was positively received by students and resulted in more students successfully completing the module. Student reflections showed that the module was cognitively engaging, that personal preference will guide social engagement and that working collaboratively will always be a challenge. Where, due to COVID-19, entire programmes need to convert to online learning, the findings of this study, could be implemented to ensure the continued engagement of students.
Plastic deformation mechanisms of nanotwinned Mg with different twin boundary orientations: molecular dynamics simulations

ABSTRACT Molecular dynamics (MD) are employed to study the plastic deformation mechanisms of nanotwinned (NT) Mg with different twin boundary (TB) orientations under uniaxial tension. The orientation effect on the plastic deformation mechanisms of NT Mg is discussed. When the uniaxial tension is applied perpendicular to the TB plane, the emission of basal partial dislocations (BPDs) dominates the plastic deformation. The BPD-TB interaction and the gradual loss of coherence of TBs contribute to the ductility of NT Mg. With the increasing of the TB orientation angle (α), the twining dislocations (TDs) nucleate at the TB due to the shear component on the TB plane, the basal-dislocation-governed deformation transfers to the twinning-dislocation-governed deformation. The gliding of TDs along the TBs causes the migration of TBs and the subsequent detwinning. An obvious strain hardening is observed after the detwinning due to the disappearance of TBs.
Unsupervised Machine Learning-Based Detection of Covert Data Integrity Assault in Smart Grid Networks Utilizing Isolation Forest

Being one of the most multifaceted cyber-physical systems, smart grids (SGs) are arguably more prone to cyber-threats. A covert data integrity assault (CDIA) on a communications network may be lethal to the reliability and safety of SG operations. They are intelligently designed to sidestep the traditional bad data detector in power control centers, and this type of assault can compromise the integrity of the data, causing a false estimation of the state that further severely distresses the entire power system operation. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised machine learning-based scheme to detect CDIAs in SG communications networks utilizing non-labeled data. The proposed scheme employs a state-of-the-art algorithm, called isolation forest, and detects CDIAs based on the hypothesis that the assault has the shortest average path length in a constructed random forest. To tackle the dimensionality issue from the growth in power systems, we use a principal component analysis-based feature extraction technique. The evaluation of the proposed scheme is carried out through standard IEEE 14-bus, 39-bus, 57-bus, and 118-bus systems. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is proficient at handling non-labeled historical measurement datasets and results in a significant improvement in attack detection accuracy.
Attachment characteristics of charged magnetic cubic particles to two parallel electrodes (3D Monte Carlo simulations)

ABSTRACT The cubic particles magnetised along a diagonal direction are negatively charged and confined between two parallel electrode walls. These particles have a tendency to migrate toward and attach to the positive electrode together with the formation of chain-like clusters. We here have focused on three cases of external magnetic field direction. In the case of an external magnetic field applied in the oblique direction to the electrode wall, almost all the constituent particles of the chain-like clusters attach to the positive electrode wall in a face-to-face contact manner. In the case of an external magnetic field applied along the surface of the electrode wall, the chain-like clusters are formed in the space of the two parallel walls. In the case of an external magnetic field applied normal to the electrode wall, the tendency for the particles to form chain-like clusters along the electrode wall is the weaker among the three field directions. In this situation, the cubic particles attach to the wall surface with a vertex of the cube contacting with the surface, and from the anchored particle, a chain-like cluster is formed in the space between the two parallel walls.
REGULATION OF TRANSLATION AND TRANSCRIPTION BY SIRT1: POTENTIAL NOVEL MECHANISMS FOR REGULATING STRESS RESPONSE AND AGING

SIRT1 is a NAD+ dependent deacetylase that targets many histone and non histone proteins, thereby regulating a broad range of physiological processes such as metabolism, reproduction, development, and cell survival. In this study, we have identified novel binding partners for SIRT1 and documented three different cellular processes that are affected by these novel interactions.Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have identified several potential binding partners for SIRT1. Transducin like Enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) and eIF2-alpha (eIF2) are two such proteins identified in the screen whose interaction with SIRT1 was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. TLE1 is co-repressor for several transcriptional factors including NF-κB. We demonstrate that SIRT1 and TLE1 repress NF-κB activity and that the catalytic activity of SIRT1 may not be critical for this. Using knock-out cell lines, we further demonstrate that both SIRT1 and TLE1 are required for the down-regulation of NF-κB activity. Our results suggest that the interaction between SIRT1 and TLE1 is important for mediating repression of NF-κB activity, potentially through a deacetyalse independent mechanism. SIRT1 protects cells from genetoxic and oxidative stress, whereas phosphorylation of eIF2 is critical for translation attenuation and preferential expression of stress related genes under stress conditions. We demonstrate that SIRT1 depleted cells show higher levels of phosphorylated eIF2 and delayed expression of the stress response protein, CHOP. Furthermore, SIRT1 deficient cells show higher sensitivity to stress treatments and a delayed recovery of protein systhesis. SIRT1 associates with eIF2 regardless of stress condition, SIRT1's catalytic activity or the phosphorylation state of eIF2. These observations suggest a novel aspect of SIRT1 mediated regulation of cellular stress response.Both SIRT1 and the target of rapamycin (TOR) are involved in age related diseases and lifespan. We demonstrate for the first time that these two pathways are interconnected. We show that SIRT1 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have larger cell morphology and upregulated mTOR signaling. Furthermore, SIRT1 activator reduces, whereas inhibitor activates the mTOR pathway. Rapamycin is effective in inhibiting mTOR activity in both SIRT1 positive and deficient cells. Finally, we show that SIRT1 physically associates with TSC2 in HeLa cells. These observations demonstrate that SIRT1 negatively regulates mTOR pathway upstream of mTOR complex-1 (TORC1), potentially, by regulating the TSC1/2 complex.
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF KEEN'S MOUSE (PEROMYSCUS KEENI) IN A NATURALLY FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE

Abstract Phylogenetic methods were used to analyze cytochrome-b sequences (n = 257; 560 base pairs) from Peromyscus keeni (Keen's mouse) collected from 23 islands of the Alexander Archipelago and 6 mainland locations in southeast Alaska and western Canada. Although P. keeni is ubiquitous across this region, island populations are genetically distinctive. Genetic structure of extant populations of P. keeni appears to have been more heavily influenced by vicariance than post-glacial colonization. Populations of P. keeni might have survived in coastal refugia during the last glacial maximum (15 × 103 years ago). Island area was significantly correlated with 2 of 3 genetic diversity measures whereas island isolation was not. Areas with divergent populations were discovered, but were largely inconsistent with 3 of 5 currently recognized subspecies. Cryptic variation was detected in 8 areas not previously identified by morphologic analyses.
A DFT/TDDFT investigation on the ESIPT mechanism of a novel sensor BIP

In the present work, (E)-2-(((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-imino)methyl)-5(dimethylamino)-phenol (BIP), as one kind of the novel and few studied sensors containing both NH and OH binding sites, has been selected to investigate the excited state dynamic properties based on the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method. Our calculated absorption and fluorescence spectra based on the TDDFT method are in agreement with the experimental results. Two kinds of structures of BIP chromophore (BIP-enol and BIP-keto) are found in the first excited (S1) state, which should be resulted from the excited state proton transfer reaction. The phenomenon of hydrogen-bond strengthening has been found in the S1 state, which was based on comparing staple bond lengths and bond angles involved in hydrogen bond between the S0 state and the S1 state. In addition, the calculated infrared spectra at the O-H stretching vibrational region and calculated hydrogen bond energy also declare the phenomenon of hydrogen bond strengthening. The frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) analysis and Natural bond orbital (NBO) manifest the intramolecular charge transfer of BIP chromophore, which reveals the tendency of proton transfer. The potential energy surfaces of the S0 and S1 states are constructed to explain the mechanism of the proton transfer in excited state in detail. AMS subject classifications: 65D18, 78M50, 74E40
P450 monooxygenases are an important mechanism of permethrin resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae

Culex quinquefasciatus Say from Saudi Arabia (Jpal-per) showed high levels of resistance (2,500-fold) to permethrin. A major contribution of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases as a mechanism of resistance was suggested by the large synergistic effects of oxidase inhibitors such as 2-propynyl 2,3,6-trichlorophenyl ether (PTPE) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on the toxicity of permethrin in the resistant strain. Contents of cytochrome P450 and b5 were about 2.5 times higher in the Jpal-per strain than those in the susceptible strain. P450 monooxygenase in the microsomes of gut and other parts of the body metabolized permethrin to 4′-HO-permethrin and other metabolites. Degradation of permethrin by microsomal P450 enzymes was much greater in the resistant Jpal-per strain and was inhibited by PBO and PTPE. In addition to a kdr type mechanism which seems to work in the larvae, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase is clearly shown to play an important role as a mechanism of permethrin resistance in Jpal-per strain larvae. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 37:47–56, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A fossil Halobates from the Mediterranean and the origin of sea skaters (Hemiptera, Gerridae)

Five species of sea skaters, genus Halobates Eschscholtz, are the only insects to have successfully colonized the open ocean. In addition, 38 species are found in sheltered coastal waters throughout tropical Indo-Pacific. The taxonomy of the genus is relatively well known, and the phylogenetic relationships between extant species have recently been analysed (using cladistic methods). In the present paper, we describe the first fossil species of sea skaters, Halobates ruffoi sp. nov., from the Eocene deposit 'Pesciara di Bolca', in the province of Verona, northeastern Italy (geological age about 45 Myr). The significance of this fossil in setting the time scale for the reconstructed phylogeny and anagenesis of adaptive features of sea skaters, and in understanding the evolution and historical zoogeography of these marine insects is discussed.
Influence of culture media on mycelial growth and sporulation of some soil dermatophytes compared to their clinical isolates

Culture media significantly affected the growth, sporulation and conidial discharge of any microorganisms. The present investigation was conducted to examine the effect of broth and agar media on the mycelial growth and fungal sporulation of six species belonging to five genera of fungi. Soil fungal dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum fulvum) were isolated from soil using hair-baiting technique and clinical isolates (Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton schoenleinii and Scopulariopsis sp.) were procured from superficial skin of dermatomycoses patients under the supervision of dermatologists. Variation in mycelial growth and fungal sporulation was observed with media tested. Colony radial growth and sporulation of soil fungi were optimal on Sabouraud’s dextrose medium (SDM) followed by Potato dextrose medium (PDM) and Richard medium (RM). For clinical isolates, the suitable broth media were Potato dextrose medium (PDM) and Yeast extract medium (YEM). Among agar media studied, Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) and Potato dextrose agar (PDA) media were found most favored for both soil and clinical isolates.
Deception detection methods incorporating discourse network metrics in synchronous computer-mediated communication

The prevalence of deception in computer-mediated communication and the risk of misjudgement based on deceptive information call for effective detection methods of deception. Extant models for online deception detection rely mainly on verbal behaviours of participants while largely ignoring context. Discourse behaviour analysis, which can better investigate the information in context, has been proved effective for online deception detection; nevertheless, these discourse behaviours have been analysed in isolation without referring to other behaviours in context. To achieve the ultimate goal of effective prediction of deception in synchronous computer-mediated communication, this research exploits temporal networks in uncovering the dynamics of deception behaviours, proposes novel deception detection methods using discourse network metrics as predictive features, and empirically evaluates the performances of deception detection methods incorporating three types of predictive features (non-discourse features, discourse features and discourse network metrics). The results suggest that discourse network features are more effective in detecting deception and incorporating these features with non-discourse and discourse features can significantly improve the performance of deception detection. The findings not only demonstrate the efficacy of structural features in deception detection but also offer both methodological and theoretical contributions to deception detection from the perspective of temporal network.