Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of high-risk for obstructive sleep apnea in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children referred to psychiatry clinic and impact on quality of life

Objectives To study the prevalence of high-risk obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children in a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic using the Thai version of the Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening Tool (POSAST) questionnaire. The secondary objective was to evaluate the quality of life and identify associated factors for high-risk OSA in ADHD children. Study design Prospective cross-sectional study. Material and method Caregivers of pediatric patients aged 5–18 years old and diagnosed with ADHD by child and adolescent psychiatrists were surveyed about their child's sleeping habits. Results Two hundred and seventy-four subjects were included. The patients' mean age was 10.4 ± 2.6 years, and 82.8% were males. There were 30 children (10.9%) diagnosed with obesity, 46 (16.8%) with chronic rhinitis, and 9 (3.3%) with asthma. The median duration of ADHD symptoms was 22.1 months. The prevalence of high-risk OSA was 18.2% and was associated with significantly reduced quality of life (adjusted OR = 4.46, 95% CI: 2.26–8.81, P < 0.001). A significant association between high-risk OSA and obesity also emerged (adjusted OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.17–6.88, P = 0.021). Conclusion An elevated prevalence of high-risk OSA is present among Thai children with ADHD, and significantly impacts quality of life. A significant association between high-risk OSA and obesity is also detected in patients with ADHD. Therefore, screening for high-risk OSA in ADHD patients may likely facilitate early detection and treatment of OSA, and potentially prevent adverse consequences.
Self-care and quality of life among men with chronic heart failure

Introduction Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) involves a complex regimen of daily self-care behaviors: pharmacological therapy, symptom monitoring and lifestyle modifications. Patients with CHF may have a reduced health related quality of life (HRQoL) due to various physical and emotional symptoms. HRQoL may be improved through the use of self-care interventions. Purpose To assess the level of self-care and quality of life among men with chronic heart failure. Methods The study was conducted among 80 men diagnosed with CHF (mean age 58 years). The study was cross-sectional. A self-administered questionnaire and analysis of medical records were used to collect baseline sociodemographic and clinical data. Self-care was assessed using the standardized European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale- EHFScBS-9 and quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Bref. Results The Patients in NYHA class II constituted the vast majority (71.25%), mean LVEF in the study group was 43.5%, and mean disease duration was 3 years. The most common comorbidities were ischemic heart disease (72.5%), hypertension (70%) and diabetes mellitus (60%). The most commonly reported non-pharmacological treatments for NS were fluid restriction (45%), moderate physical activity (42.50%) and daily weight control (41.25%). The EHFSc-9 questionnaire score averaged 50.31 points out of 100 possible (SD = 26.52). The mean score regarding perception of QoL was 2.78 points (SD = 0.91), and 40% of patients indicating poor perception of QoL. The mean score for self-rated Analysis of the results of the individual domains of the WHOQoL BREF questionnaire showed that patients rated their QoL best in the environmental domain (M = 13.28; SD = 3.11), then in the social domain (M = 12.81; SD = 2.71), and in the psychological domain (M = 12.8; SD = 3.2). In contrast, QoL in the physical domain was rated the lowest (M = 10.44; SD = 2.85). There was no significant correlation between quality of life and self-care (p > 0.05). Conclusions Men with CHF have unsatisfactory self-care outcomes and low quality of life scores and are dissatisfied with their health. Strategies to improve selfcare and quality of life in this group are indicated.
Intramuscular ketamine vs. escitalopram and aripiprazole in acute and maintenance treatment of patients with treatment-resistant depression: A randomized double-blind clinical trial

Objective Ketamine, an N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, can promote rapid action in the management of individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) at sub-anesthetic doses. However, few studies have investigated the long-term use of ketamine administered intravenously (IV) and intranasally (IN). We report the design and rationale of a therapeutic trial for assessing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of repeated-dose intramuscular (IM) ketamine vs. active treatment (escitalopram and aripiprazole) in TRD patients. Methods A comparative, parallel-group, randomized double-blind trial assessing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of acute (4 weeks) and maintenance (24 weeks) use of IM ketamine (0.75 mg/kg) vs. active control (escitalopram 15 mg and aripiprazole 5 mg) in individuals with moderate-severe intensity TRD (no psychotic symptoms) with or without suicide risk will be conducted. Patients with TRD (18–40 years) will be randomized and blinded to receive ketamine IM or active treatment at a 1:1 ratio for 4 weeks (active treatment) and 24 weeks (maintenance treatment). Subjects will be assessed using clinical scales, monitored for vital signs (VS) after application of injectable medication, and undergo neuropsychological tests. The primary outcome will be changed on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) during the course of the trial. The study is in running. Results This study can potentially yield evidence on the use of IM ketamine in the treatment of depressive disorders as an ultra-rapid low-cost therapy associated with less patient discomfort and reduced use of medical resources, and can elucidate long-term effects on different outcomes, such as neuropsychological aspects. Conclusions The trial can help promote the introduction of a novel accessible approach for the treatment of complex disease (TRD) and also allow refinement of its long-term use. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04234776, identifier: NCT04234776.
“It's my frenemy”: A qualitative exploration of knowledge and perceptions of fentanyl use during the COVID-19 pandemic in people who use drugs at a syringe services program in Philadelphia, PA

Background Exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the proliferation of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs, overdose deaths have surged in the United States, making it important to understand how individuals who use drugs experience and perceive the risks of fentanyl use and how it has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Twenty clients from a Philadelphia syringe services program completed a questionnaire and in-depth interview about their fentanyl experiences from January to March 2021. These interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis methods. Results Sixty percent of participants were female and racial/ethnic minority. Participants indicated they believed fentanyl use accounted for most Philadelphia opioid-related overdoses and understood that fentanyl was different from other opioids. Fentanyl use was characterized as “all-consuming” by taking over lives and inescapable. While most perceived their risk of fentanyl overdose as high, there was low interest in and reported use of harm reduction strategies such as fentanyl test strips. The COVID-19 pandemic was noted to have negative effects on fentanyl availability, use and overdose risk, as well as mental health effects that increase drug use. Conclusions The divide between perceived risk and uptake of protective strategies could be driven by diminished self-efficacy as it relates to acting on and engaging with resources available at the syringe services program and represents a potential intervention target for harm reduction intervention uptake. But the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated risks due to fentanyl use, making an effective, accessible, and well-timed intervention important to address the disconnect between perceived overdose risk and use of preventive behaviors.
Relationship Between Weight Status and Self-Image Mediated by Pubertal Timing and Athletic Competence: A Cohort Study With Taiwanese Adolescents

Background Self-image reflects overall self-acceptance in developing adolescents. Using a representative cohort of Taiwanese youth, this study aims to explore the relationship between weight status, pubertal timing, athletic competence, and adolescent self-image. Methods Data come from the Taiwan Youth Project that comprised a longitudinal cohort of adolescents (N = 2690, 51% males, Mage = 13.3 ± 0.5 years) surveyed annually from seventh grade. Self-image was measured by perceived satisfaction with appearance and physique. Weight status was proxied by self-reported body mass index (BMI; kg/m2). Pubertal timing was defined using the Pubertal Developmental Scale, which mainly measured physical changes in puberty. Athletic competence was assessed by experiences with participation in competitive sports and self-perceived talent for sports. Linear regression analysis was applied to test for an association between BMI and self-image. In order to test for mediating roles of pubertal timing and athletic competence, Hayes' PROCESS macro on SPSS was conducted applying 5,000 bootstrap resamples with 95% confidence intervals of the indirect effect. Results BMI was inversely associated with self-image in both males (β = −0.074, [−0.095, −0.053]) and females (β = −0.095, [−0.122, −0.069]). The boot-strapped 95% confidence intervals indicated statistically significant mediating effects of pubertal timing (β = −0.008, [−0.015, −0.001]) and athletic competence (β = −0.006, [−0.011, −0.002]) in the link between BMI and self–image in females, whilst only athletic competence mediated this association (β = −0.006, [−0.009, −0.002]) in males. Moreover, BMI at baseline were also associated with long-term self-image in males (β = −0.037, [−0.057, −0.017]) and females (β = 0.132, [0.073, 0.190]). Conclusions Understanding the mediating factors may help enhance adolescents' self-image by providing guidance on healthy weight and physical activity behaviors according to different stages of pubertal progression.
Whole genomic approach in mutation discovery of infantile spasms patients

Infantile spasms (IS) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of epilepsy disorders in early infancy. The genetic backgrounds of IS have been gradually unraveled along with the increased application of next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, to date, only selected genomic regions have been sequenced using a targeted approach in most cases of IS, and the genetic etiologies of the majority of patients remain unknown. We conducted a proof-of-concept study using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for the genetic diagnosis of IS. We included 16 patients with IS for this study, and WGS was applied as a first-tier test for genetic diagnosis. In total, we sequenced the whole genomes of 28 participants, including the genomes of six patients, which were sequenced with those of their parents. Among variants identified, we focused on those located in epilepsy or seizure-associated genes. We used two different methods to call relevant large deletions from WGS results. We found pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in four patients (25.0%); a de novo variant in HDAC4, compound heterozygous variants in GRM7, and heterozygous variants in CACNA1E and KMT2E. We also selected two more candidate variants in SOX5 and SHROOM4 intronic regions. Although there are currently several difficulties in applying WGS for genetic diagnosis, especially in clinical interpretation of non-coding variants, we believe that developing sequencing technologies would overcome these hurdles in the near future. Considering the vast genetic heterogeneity and the substantial portion of patients with unknown etiologies, further studies using whole genomic approaches are necessary for patients with IS.
Finding Lung-Cancer-Related lncRNAs Based on Laplacian Regularized Least Squares With Unbalanced Bi-Random Walk

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Thus, it is important to find its biomarkers. Furthermore, there is an increasing number of studies reporting that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) demonstrate dense linkages with multiple human complex diseases. Inferring new lncRNA-disease associations help to identify potential biomarkers for lung cancer and further understand its pathogenesis, design new drugs, and formulate individualized therapeutic options for lung cancer patients. This study developed a computational method (LDA-RLSURW) by integrating Laplacian regularized least squares and unbalanced bi-random walk to discover possible lncRNA biomarkers for lung cancer. First, the lncRNA and disease similarities were computed. Second, unbalanced bi-random walk was, respectively, applied to the lncRNA and disease networks to score associations between diseases and lncRNAs. Third, Laplacian regularized least squares were further used to compute the association probability between each lncRNA-disease pair based on the computed random walk scores. LDA-RLSURW was compared using 10 classical LDA prediction methods, and the best AUC value of 0.9027 on the lncRNADisease database was obtained. We found the top 30 lncRNAs associated with lung cancers and inferred that lncRNAs TUG1, PTENP1, and UCA1 may be biomarkers of lung neoplasms, non-small–cell lung cancer, and LUAD, respectively.
Boosting Face Presentation Attack Detection in Multi-Spectral Videos Through Score Fusion of Wavelet Partition Images

Presentation attack detection (PAD) algorithms have become an integral requirement for the secure usage of face recognition systems. As face recognition algorithms and applications increase from constrained to unconstrained environments and in multispectral scenarios, presentation attack detection algorithms must also increase their scope and effectiveness. It is important to realize that the PAD algorithms are not only effective for one environment or condition but rather be generalizable to a multitude of variabilities that are presented to a face recognition algorithm. With this motivation, as the first contribution, the article presents a unified PAD algorithm for different kinds of attacks such as printed photos, a replay of video, 3D masks, silicone masks, and wax faces. The proposed algorithm utilizes a combination of wavelet decomposed raw input images from sensor and face region data to detect whether the input image is bonafide or attacked. The second contribution of the article is the collection of a large presentation attack database in the NIR spectrum, containing images from individuals of two ethnicities. The database contains 500 print attack videos which comprise approximately 1,00,000 frames collectively in the NIR spectrum. Extensive evaluation of the algorithm on NIR images as well as visible spectrum images obtained from existing benchmark databases shows that the proposed algorithm yields state-of-the-art results and surpassed several complex and state-of-the-art algorithms. For instance, on benchmark datasets, namely CASIA-FASD, Replay-Attack, and MSU-MFSD, the proposed algorithm achieves a maximum error of 0.92% which is significantly lower than state-of-the-art attack detection algorithms.
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Comprehensive Smoking-Cessation Interventions Based on the Community and Hospital Collaboration

Background The prevalence of cigarette smoking in China is high and the utilization of smoking cessation clinics is very low. Multicomponent smoking cessation interventions involving community and hospital collaboration have the potential to increase the smoking cessation rate. However, the cost-effectiveness of this intervention model is unknown. Methods We conducted a smoking cessation intervention trial in 19 community health service centers in Beijing, China. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from a societal perspective to compare three strategies of smoking cessation: no intervention (NI), pharmacological intervention (PI), and comprehensive intervention (CI) (PI plus online health promotion). A Markov model, with a time horizon of 20 years, was used to simulate the natural progression of estimated 10,000 male smokers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to obtain data on costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) by using the five-level EuroQol-5-dimension (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to explore parameters of uncertainty in the model. Results A total of 680 participants were included in this study, including 283 in the PI group and 397 in the CI group. After 6 months of follow-up, the smoking cessation rate reached 30.0% in the CI group and 21.2% in the PI group. Using the Markov model, compared with the NI group, the intervention strategies of the PI group and the CI group were found to be cost-effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $535.62/QALY and $366.19/QALY, respectively. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that the CI strategy was always the most cost-effective intervention. Conclusion CI for smoking cessation, based in hospital and community in China, is more cost-effective than PI alone. Therefore, this smoking cessation model should be considered to be implemented in healthcare settings.
A longitudinal investigation of quality of life and negative emotions in misophonia

Aims This longitudinal study examined the role of anger, disgust, and anxiety in the experience of misophonia, the quality of life of those with self-reported misophonia in comparison to those without misophonia, and the association of misophonia and quality of life over time. Methods An online longitudinal survey was conducted, with misophonia, anger, disgust, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and quality of life measured at two time points (6-months apart) in two groups of people (those with self-reported misophonia and those without misophonia). Results Anger and disgust emerged as the primary predictors of misophonic responses. Anxiety and depression were not significantly associated with misophonia over time. Differences in quality of life were observed between those with and without self-reported misophonia in the current study, with lower scores across the SF-36 domains of role limitations due to emotional problems, energy/fatigue, emotional wellbeing, social functioning, and general health for those with misophonia compared to those without misophonia. Compared with other studies, scores for those with self-reported misophonia were lower than those with long-term physical conditions, similar to those with tinnitus, but higher than those with obsessive compulsive disorder. Misophonia was predictive of quality of life over time but only on two domains: role limitations due to emotional problems (predictors: avoidance, emotional responses, and impact on participation in life) and pain (predictor: impact on participation in life). Depression remained a strong predictor of quality of life over time. Conclusion Anger and disgust are more strongly associated with the experience of misophonia than anxiety. Quality of life in people with self-reported misophonia is lower than in the general population and may be similar to those with tinnitus. Depression, avoiding triggers, the extent of the emotional response, and perceived impact on participation in life are associated with perceptions of lower quality of life over time for people with self-reported misophonia.
A Three-Input Central Capacitor Converter for a High-Voltage PV System

High-voltage photovoltaic (PV) techniques have their own advantages in PV plants for reducing the construction cost and improving the operational efficiency. However, the high input PV voltage increases the mismatch losses of PV arrays, which is also a key factor that influences the energy yield of PV plants. This paper proposes a three-input central capacitor (TICC) dc/dc converter for a high-voltage PV system, where four low-rating cascaded buck-boost converters connect to the series-connected three low-voltage PV arrays and two capacitors and realize the maximum power point tracking independently. Meanwhile, there is a neutral point in the proposed converter, enabling it to be connected with the rear-end three-level inverter directly. It can also help balance the three-level dc-link voltage by properly regulating the transferred energy among three input sources. Compared with other transformer-less dc-dc converters, the proposed converter is able to reduce the semiconductor voltage/current stress and therefore achieve the high efficiency. Simulation and experimental results verified the performance of the proposed TICC converter.
Age-related increase of mitochondrial content in human memory CD4+ T cells contributes to ROS-mediated increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines

Cellular metabolism modulates effector functions in human CD4+ T (Th) cells by providing energy and building blocks. Conversely, cellular metabolic responses are modulated by various influences, e.g., age. Thus, we hypothesized that metabolic reprogramming in human Th cells during aging modulates effector functions and contributes to “inflammaging”, an aging-related, chronic, sterile, low-grade inflammatory state characterized by specific proinflammatory cytokines. Analyzing the metabolic response of human naive and memory Th cells from young and aged individuals, we observed that memory Th cells exhibit higher glycolytic and mitochondrial fluxes than naive Th cells. In contrast, the metabolism of the latter was not affected by donor age. Memory Th cells from aged donors showed a higher respiratory capacity, mitochondrial content, and intracellular ROS production than those from young donors without altering glucose uptake and cellular ATP levels, which finally resulted in higher secreted amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g., IFN-γ, IP-10 from memory Th cells taken from aged donors after TCR-stimulation which were sensitive to ROS inhibition. These findings suggest that metabolic reprogramming in human memory Th cells during aging results in an increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines through enhanced ROS production, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammaging.
Case Report: A Novel GJB2 Missense Variant Inherited From the Low-Level Mosaic Mother in a Chinese Female With Palmoplantar Keratoderma With Deafness

Dominant variants in the gap junction beta-2 (GJB2) gene may lead to various degrees of syndromic hearing loss (SHL) which is manifest as sensorineural hearing impairment and hyperproliferative epidermal disorders, including palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness (PPKDFN). So far, only a few GJB2 dominant variants causing PPKDFN have been discovered. Through the whole-exome sequencing (WES), a Chinese female patient with severe palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and delayed-onset hearing loss has been identified. She had a novel heterozygous variant, c.224G>C (p.R75P), in the GJB2 gene, which was unreported previously. The proband’s mother who had a mild phenotype was suggested the possibility of mosaicism by WES (∼120×), and the ultra-deep targeted sequencing (∼20,000×) was used for detecting low-level mosaic variants which provided accurate recurrence-risk estimates and genetic counseling. In addition, the analysis of protein structure indicated that the structural stability and permeability of the connexin 26 (Cx26) gap junction channel may be disrupted by the p.R75P variant. Through retrospective analysis, it is detected that the junction of extracellular region-1 (EC1) and transmembrane region-2 (TM2) is a variant hotspot for PPKDFN, such as p.R75. Our report reflects the important and effective diagnostic role of WES in PPKDFN and low-level mosaicism, expands the spectrum of the GJB2 variant, and furthermore provides strong proof about the relevance between the p.R75P variant in GJB2 and PPKDFN.