Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BAYESIAN SEASONAL ANALYSIS WITH ROBUST PRIORS ANALISIS ESTACIONAL BAYESIANO CON PRIORS ROBUSTOS

An analytical Bayesian approach to seasonal analysis is proposed, using robust priors to control for extreme observations. Seasonal fan charts were estimated with Bayesian predictive densities. Empirical applications to U.S. residential electricity consumption, Spain’s tourism and Bolivian’s inflation are presented. The results show that the Bayesian approach allows to investigate probabilistically the seasonal component of a time series, thus accounting for the uncertainty of the seasonal pattern. RESUMEN Se propone un enfoque Bayesiano para el análisis estacional, utilizando priors robustos para controlar el efecto de observaciones extremas. Fan charts estacionales fueron estimados con las densidades predictivas Bayesianas. Se presentan aplicaciones al consumo eléctrico residencial en EE.UU, el turismo en España, y la inflación en Bolivia. Los resultados indican que el enfoque Bayesiano permite investigar probabilísticamente el componente estacional de una serie de tiempo, considerando así la incertidumbre del patrón estacional.
Partitioning of Resources and the Outcome of Interspecific Competition: A Model and Some General Considerations

In traditional models of interspecific competition, the relationship between resources and competition is unspecified; yet the biological interpretation of the theory derived from these models is most often expressed in terms of resources. Here we develop models in which the relationship between resources and competition is precisely defined. We consider two modes of resource exploitation: (1) an equable mode in which resources are continuously supplied while organisms and wastes are continuously removed and (2) a seasonal mode in which resources are presented to the populations as discrete entities which are invaded and exhausted and the cycle is repeated when a small fraction of the surviving population invades a new resource. The relationship between resources and competition is identical for both systems. The general properties of these models are examined, with particular emphasis given to the conditions of resource partitioning which allow for stable equilibria with two species coexisting. 1. under the equable mode of resource exploitation, two species can coexist only if they have at least two resources. Stable states of coexistence can occur under all three qualitatively distinct ways in which the two species can partition two resources: (1) exclusive resources for each species, (2) an exclusive resource for one species, and (3) shared resources for both species. 2. Under the seasonal mode of resource exploitation, it is possible to obtain stable states of coexistence for two species under all three of the above qualitatively distinct ways of partitioning the resources Furthermore, and most interestingly, under this mode of resource exploitation it is possible to obtain stable states of coexistence for two species competing for a single resource. The latter can occur when one species grows faster at high concentrations while the other grows faster at low concentrations of the limiting resource. 3. In considering the relative positions of the equilibria for single species and for mixed populations, we found stable equilibria where only unstable equilibria can occur in the Volterra-Gause competition models and unstable equilibria in regions where the Volterra-Gause model predicts stability. 4. Some consideration was given to the limitations of the model and to the implications of these findings for competition theory.
Space needs of laying hens

Abstract 1. Videotapes of hens under various conditions were used to measure the amount of space used by hens performing common behaviour patterns. 2. When turning, hens used 540 to 1006 cm2, when stretching wings 653 to 1118 cm2, when wing flapping 860 to 1980 cm2, when feather ruffling 676 to 1604 cm2, when preening 814 to 1270 cm2 and when ground scratching 540 to 1005 cm2. 3. All these measurements are above the 450 cm2 bird recommended as the minimum space allowance by current EC regulations, which therefore do not ensure adequate hen welfare.
Fish Health and Fisheries, Implications for Stock Assessment and Management: The Mediterranean Example

Although fish health may influence key population-level processes, particularly those dealing with natural mortality, reproduction, and growth, which, in turn, affect stock productivity, little emphasis has been placed on the links between fish health and the management of marine fisheries. This article addresses this gap and illustrates how knowledge of fish health could provide insight for marine fisheries biologists, stock assessment modelers, and managers. The study proposes ways in which the consideration of condition indicators (energy reserves) and parasitism improves stock assessment and fisheries management, especially in situations of data shortage when standard methods cannot be applied, as is the case in many Mediterranean fish stocks. This article focuses on seven case studies of different fish species from the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Overall, and although the relationship between fish health and productivity cannot always be found or quantified, the article emphasizes the importance of the physical health of exploited stocks, particularly during critical life periods of the fish (e.g., prior to spawning, migration, or in the early life stages), as an essential element of sustainable and profitable fisheries. On the basis of these results, stock assessment and fisheries management implications are discussed.
Delay-dependent H∞ Performance for Neutral System with Interval Time-varying Delays

This paper is concerned with the problem of H∞ performance for the neutral systems with interval time-varying delays, which the time delay is not necessary to be differentiable. Based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, Leibiz-Newton formula, Cauchy inequality and modified version of Jensen’s inequality. The delaydependent criteria for the H∞ performance with asymptotically stable are represented in term of linear matrix inequality. Key–Words: H∞ performance, Neutral system, Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, Interval time-varying delay, Linear matrix inequality.
Ceramides from Urtica dioica roots

In methanolic extracts of stinging nettle roots (Urtica dioica) a special class of ceramides was detected. These ceramides contain a double bond in position 8 of the sphingoid base. With the typical amidic linkage the amino group of the sphingoid base (2-amino-1,3,4-trihydroxy-8-octadecene) is either connected to an unbranched fatty acid with 20 – 25 carbon atoms or to a 2-hydroxy fatty acid with the same chain length. Both classes of ceramides were separated from each other by thinlayer chromatoraphy. The members of each class were further separated as trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography. The structures of the ceramides were determined by mass, NMR and IR spectroscopy combined with hydrolysis experiments.
ON THE MODELING OF TOURISTS VISIT TO TOURIST ATTRACTION IN SURABAYA USING NEURAL NETWORK

Tourism has a strategic role in the developing of regional economy and society. Surabaya has some object and tourist attractions potentially attracting foreign and domestic tourists to come to Surabaya. The monthly number of tourist who visits to several tourist attractions in Surabaya shows a pattern as time serially data, seasonal, and could be correlated among them. The traditional vector autoregressive (VAR) would be firstly applied to the data. For the comparison, neural networks (NN) couple with VAR structure as an input is proposed to model this data. This paper shows that this proposed method gives better performance than when the data was directly modeled using VAR only. This research also shows that the increasing number of neurons in the hidden layer does not always give effect to the decreasing the value of MAPE as a tool to differentiate the models.
Simple sequence repeat analysis of genetic diversity among Acetyl‐CoA carboxylase inhibitor‐resistant and ‐susceptible Echinochloa crus‐galli and E. oryzicola populations in Korea

Summary Echinochloa species are amongst the most problematic weeds in rice fields of Korea. The steady reliance on the Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides for control of these weeds has led to resistance to these herbicides. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity among populations of ACCase inhibitor-resistant and -susceptible Echinochloa crus-galli and E. oryzicola in Korea, to better understand their population structure and possible origins of resistance. Seven simple sequence repeat markers were applied to assess the genetic diversity between resistant and susceptible E. crus-galli and E. oryzicola from 12 populations in Korea. Genetic diversity was slightly higher in the resistant group. The Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic algorithm (UPGMA) dendrogram generated two distinct clades. One clade consisted of Echinochloa spp. from three populations, i.e. Anmyeondo, Gimje 4 and Gongju, which are resistant and differentiated from the susceptible populations, and the other clade contained the rest of the populations. Structure modelling supported two clades of UPGMA clustering. Based on these data, we can infer that some resistant populations are greatly differentiated, whereas other resistant biotypes are still building up resistance in rice fields in Korea. Resistance traits will be fixed and continue to spread over time without proper control measures.
Biogeography of spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) on the islands of the Southern Ocean

The araneofauna of the extreme Southern Hemisphere is highly impoverished and disharmonic. Four dead anthropogenic immigrant spiders have been collected from Antarctica while only 115 verified species from 26 families are reported on the islands of the Southern Ocean. Cluster analysis of the verified Southern Ocean species distribution data identifies a weak, but distinct, Neotropical/South Atlantic association together with robust South Indian and South Pacific biogeographic clusters. These groupings, largely attributed to vicariance and/or endemism, contain little evidence of post-Pleistocene dispersal. Indeed the 14 records of anthropogenic origin suggest that the pace of recent human-mediated introduction has been at least 30 times more rapid than that of Holocene natural dispersal.
ENHANCED VEHICLE DETECTION APPROACH USING DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Vehicle detection plays an important role in autonomous driving systems. Recently, vehicle detection methods achieved large successes with the fast development of deep convolutional neural network (CNN). However, due to small size, heavy occlusion or truncation of vehicle in an image, recent CNN detectors still show a limited performance. This paper presents an improved framework based on deep CNN for vehicle detection. Firstly, deconvolutional modules are added at multiple output layers of the reduced VGG 16 architecture to enhance additional context information which is helpful to improve the detection accuracy. Secondly, region proposal modules are applied at different feature maps to address the vehicle occlusion challenge. Due to heavy object occlusion in test dataset, soft Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) algorithm is used to solve the issue of duplicate proposals. Finally, a deep CNN-based classifier including a region of interest (ROI) pooling layer and a fully connected (FC) layer is used for classification and bounding box regression. The proposed method is evaluated on the KITTI vehicle dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance compared to other the state-of-the-art approaches in vehicle detection.
Information Content of Other Comprehensive Income and Net Income: Evidence for Japanese Firms

This paper investigates information content of net income, other comprehensive income items, and “pseudo” comprehensive income for Japanese firms. The relative information content test demonstrates we cannot distinguish between net income and other alternative comprehensive income numbers. The incremental information content test shows other comprehensive income items have significant information content. The signs are counterintuitive, but we find the stock market reactions to other comprehensive income items are related to the degree of firms' foreign dependency and on the magnitude of the ratio of available-for-sale securities to equities in a meaningful way. We conclude that comprehensive income and other comprehensive income are useful to disclose.
Song structure and syllable and song repertoires of the Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola pelzelni) breeding in Argentinean pampas

ABSTRACT Empirical descriptions of vocal behaviour in avian communication are important in understanding its meaning and role in shaping the social and genetic relationships among individuals in a population. In this study, we provide the first detailed analysis of the vocal behaviour of the Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola pelzelni), a neotropical songbird found in rural and semi-open areas of Argentina that is frequently captured for the pet trade. We identify syllables, quantify the fine structural characteristics of the song, and describe the size and structure of the song repertoire. Further, we use networks to explore whether this species uses syntactical rules for creating their songs. Our analyses reveal that Saffron Finch males have a large syllable repertoire. Song repertoire size is not fixed, and birds recombine their syllables to produce highly variable songs. In addition, they sing with immediate variety, seldom repeating a song before switching to a new song and song sharing was very limited among our sampled individuals.
Quantity Counts: Amount of Litter Determines Tadpole Performance in Experimental Microcosms

Abstract Terrestrial plant litter is an important subsidy to freshwater ecosystems, where it serves as a basal resource in benthic food webs. Litter quantity and decomposition rate strongly influence energy flow through these food webs. Litter quantity often increases following nonnative plant invasions, but the impact this additional litter has on aquatic consumers is largely unknown. We conducted an experiment in outdoor microcosms containing plant litter, microbes, algae, and tadpoles. Many tadpoles feed on biofilms (bacteria, fungi, and algae) that develop during decomposition; as such, they are ideal organisms to test bottom-up effects of litter subsidies. We used a related pair of native and nonnative wetland grasses to investigate whether litter quantity affects tadpole performance. Tadpole performance metrics (developmental stage, size, and survival) showed significant positive responses to increased litter quantity but were mostly unaffected by plant species. Therefore, litter quantity was the primary determinant of tadpole performance in our experimental community. We suggest that changes to litter quantity can have important impacts on larval amphibians.
CO2‐CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS OF THE POTENTIALLY TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE PROTOCERATIUM RETICULATUM (DINOPHYCEAE, GONYAULACALES) 1

The low CO2 concentration in seawater poses severe restrictions on photosynthesis, especially on those species with form II RUBISCO. We found that the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum Clap. et J. Lachm. possesses a form II RUBISCO. To cast some light on the mechanisms this organism undergoes to cope with low CO2 availability, we compared cells grown at atmospheric (370 ppm) and high (5000 ppm) CO2 concentrations, with respect to a number of physiological parameters related to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) acquisition and assimilation. The photosynthetic affinity for DIC was about one order of magnitude lower in cells cultivated at high [CO2]. End‐point pH‐drift experiments suggest that P. reticulatum was not able to efficiently use HCO3− under our growth conditions. Only internal carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity was detected, and its activity decreased by about 60% in cells cultured at high [CO2]. Antibodies raised against a variety of algal CAs were used for Western blot analysis: P. reticulatum extracts only cross‐reacted with anti‐ß‐CA sera, and the amount of immunoreactive protein decreased in cells grown at high [CO2]. No pyrenoids were observed under all growth conditions. Our data indicate that P. reticulatum has an inducible carbon‐concentrating mechanism (CCM) that operates in the absence of pyrenoids and with little intracellular CO2 accumulation. Calculations on the impact of the CA activity to photosynthetic growth [CO2] suggest that it is an essential component of the CCM of P. reticulatum and is necessary to sustain the photosynthetic rates observed at ambient CO2.
Mitochondrial DNA Variation in the Ozark Highland Members of the Banded Sculpin Cottus carolinae Complex

Abstract The goal of this study was to determine whether variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data is concordant with morphological divergence in the five Ozark Highlands members of the complex of banded sculpin Cottus carolinae: Eyelash sculpin, fringehead sculpin, Black River race, grotto sculpin, and midlands race. We generated a phylogenetic hypothesis for the banded sculpin complex based on a data set composed of 841 base pairs of mtDNA (ATPase-8 and ATPase-6) for 58 individuals representing all banded sculpin complex members that occur in the Ozark Highlands and comparative material collected outside of the highlands. Divergence in mtDNA was found to be generally concordant with morphological distinctiveness in the fringehead sculpin, eyelash sculpin, Black River race, and grotto sculpin; however, genetic divergence of these taxa was generally low (sequence divergence maximum = 0.2-1.4%) relative to the marked morphological distinctness exhibited by these taxa. In contrast, the midlands r.
EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION LEVELS IN THE CASTOR BEAN (Ricinus communis L.) IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION

E crescente a busca por formas de energia renovavel e de menor impacto ambiental em que o biodiesel apresenta destaque. A mamona (Ricinus communis L.) e uma das principais materias-prima para a derivacao desses combustiveis de origem vegetal. Com a escassez de informacoes na literatura a respeito de irrigacao na cultura da mamona em regiao de semiarido baiano, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar diferentes lâminas de irrigacao no crescimento e produtividade de mamoneira irrigada por gotejamento em regiao semiarida da Bahia. O trabalho foi desenvolvido numa area experimental do setor de agricultura do Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia Baiano, Campus Guanambi. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, quatro lâminas de irrigacao, T1, 100% da ETc, T2, 80% da ETc, T3, 60% da ETc e T4, 40 % da ETc, cinco datas de avaliacao, 65, 80, 95, 110, e 126 dias apos o plantio, e quatro repeticoes. A reducao na lâmina de irrigacao nao ocasionou diferencas na altura da planta, diâmetro do caule e diâmetro da copa para a mamoneira cultivar Paraguacu. A programacao da irrigacao com 80% da ETc seria o mais indicado, com melhor produtividade e eficiencia de uso da agua.
Exploring age and gender differences in health risk behaviours and psychological functioning among homeless children and adolescents

This study describes the findings from quantitative examination of age and gender differences in psychological problems and health risk behaviour among 227 homeless youth. The findings indicated significant variations on health risk behaviours by gender. As compared to males, females were more likely to engage in survival sex, been victims of violence-rated sex, and more likely to have made a plan to commit suicide. While alcohol use decrease with age, marijuana use and having multiple sexual partners, on the other hand, increases with age. Approximately 87% of the participant’s exhibit moderate-to-severe psychological problems, with males having significantly higher scores on the overall psychological well-being, emotional and hyperactivity problems than females. Age-group differences were also observed on overall psychological well-being, emotional problems, conduct problems and hyperactivity. These findings from the study are discussed with reference to previous research and implications for interventions are provided.
Zinc Phytoextraction in Thlaspi caerulescens

ABSTRACT The existence of metal hyperaccumulator species demonstrates that plants have the genetic potential to remove toxic metals from contaminated soil. Possibly, one of the best-known hyperaccumulators is Thlaspi caerulescens. This species has been shown to accumulate very high Zn concentrations without manifesting any sign of toxicity. Thus, T. caerulescens represents an excellent experimental system for studying metal hyperaccumulation in plants as it relates to phytoremediation. In this article, we review the results of an investigation into the physiology, biochemistry, and molecular regulation of Zn transport and accumulation in T. caerulescens compared with a nonaccumulator relative T. arvense. Physiological studies focused on the use of 65Zn radiotracer flux techniques to characterize zinc transport and compartmentation in the root, and translocation to the shoot. Transport studies indicated that a number of Zn transport sites were stimulated in T. caerulescens, contributing to the hyperaccumulation trait. Thus, Zn influx into root and leaf cells, and Zn loading into the xylem was greater in T. caerulescens compared with the nonaccumulator T. arvense. The 4.5-fold stimulation of Zn influx into the roots of T. caerulescens was hypothesized to be due to an overexpression of Zn transporters in this species. Additionally, compartmental analysis (radiotracer wash out or efflux techniques) was used to show that Zn was sequestered in the root vacuole of T. arvense inhibiting Zn translocation to the shoot in this nonaccumulator species. Molecular studies focused on the cloning and characterization of Zn transport genes in T. caerulescens. Functional complementation of a yeast Zn transport-defective mutant with a T. caerulescens cDNA library constructed in a yeast expression vector resulted in the cloning of a Zn transport cDNA, ZNT1. Expression of ZNT1 in yeast allowed for a physiological characterization of this transporter. ZNT1 was shown to encode a high-affinity Zn transporter that can also mediate low-affinity Cd transport. Biochemical analyses indicated that enhanced Zn transport in T. caerulescens results from a constitutively high expression of ZNT1 in roots and shoots. These results suggest that overexpression of ZNT1 may be linked to an alteration of the Zn tolerance mechanism in this species.
Impact of a Horizontally Transmitted Endophyte, Balansia henningsiana, on Growth and Drought Tolerance of Panicum rigidulum

The impact of the horizontally transmitted endophyte Balansia henningsiana on the growth of C4 grass Panicum rigidulum was examined in the greenhouse under control and drought‐stress conditions. Tiller number, leaf number, and the root:shoot ratio were higher and shoot height and leaf area were lower for infected (E+) than for uninfected (E−) plants. Under control conditions, the total biomass was similar for E+ and E− plants. Under drought‐stress conditions, however, E+ plants had less biomass. In response to drought stress, E+ plants reduced leaf growth and increased leaf senescence more than E− plants. After recovery, E+ plants responded by more rapid leaf growth and allocated more resources to the leaf than to the root. Under control conditions, the photosynthetic pigment content of E+ leaves tended to be higher than that of E− leaves. With decreasing leaf water content, the difference in pigment content between E+ and E− plants became smaller. Endophyte infection had no effect on net CO2 assimilation rate or transpiration rate and thus on water use efficiency, regardless of water status. Overall, B. henningsiana was not beneficial to host growth during drought stress. However, infection facilitated rapid leaf regrowth of the host grass after soil water became available.