Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary fibre and indigestible markers on the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy and nutrients, and indigestible marker recovery in diets fed to growing pigs

ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of dietary fibre and types of indigestible markers (IM) on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrients as well as IM recovery in diets fed to growing pigs were investigated. A total of 30 barrows (initial body weight 40.5 ± 1.4 kg) were allotted to five experimental diets, based on a completely randomised block design, with body weight as a blocking factor. The five diets comprised a corn–soya bean meal basal diet, and four diets in which sugar beet pulp (SBP) or defatted rice bran (DFRB) partly replaced 10% or 20% of corn, soya bean meal and soya bean oil in the basal diet. All diets were formulated to contain two types of IM, namely 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr) and 1.0% celite as the source of acid-insoluble ash (AIA). Animals were subjected to a 7-d adaptation period, and their faeces were collected over a 5-d period using the total faecal collection (TC) method. Results showed that the AIA method determined similar ATTD of GE and nutrients as the TC method. Values of dietary nutrients determined via AIA and TC methods were significantly higher than those obtained by Cr (p < 0.05). The ATTD of GE and nutrients linearly decreased with an increased inclusion level of SBP or DFRB (p < 0.01), whereas recoveries of AIA and Cr were not affected by the aforementioned inclusions. Results from the faecal analysis revealed that AIA recovery (90.5%) was significantly higher than that of Cr (84.9%, p < 0.05), while diets with DFRB (91.3%) had significantly greater IM recovery rates than those with SBP (84.4%, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the type of dietary fibre, rather than the level, significantly affects IM recovery. Notably, AIA should be preferred to Cr when using the IM method to determine ATTD of GE and nutrients for diets in growing pigs.
THE ESTIMATION OF PRE-STRESS FROM AE CHARACTERISTICS IN CYCLIC LOADING OF THE PRE-STRESSED ROCK

先行応力を人為的に与えた岩石の繰り返し載荷試験時に計測されたAEの発生特性から先行応力の推定を行い, 先行応力推定に及ぼす経過時間の影響について検討した. その結果, 先行応力除荷後の経過時間が長くなるとカイザー効果が不明瞭になるが, その場合においても, 2回目以降の載荷時において先行応力相当点にAE急増点が出現し, 先行応力を精度良く推定できることを示した. この繰り返し載荷時のAE特性による推定精度は, 経過時間が400日までの範囲で平均1. 5%であった.
The HOG pathway and the regulation of osmoadaptive responses in yeast

Abstract Cells coordinate intracellular activities in response to changes in the extracellular environment to maximize their probability of survival and proliferation. Eukaryotic cells need to adapt to constant changes in the osmolarity of their environment. In yeast, the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway is responsible for the response to high osmolarity. Activation of the Hog1 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) induces a complex program required for cellular adaptation that includes temporary arrest of cell cycle progression, adjustment of transcription and translation patterns, and the regulation of metabolism, including the synthesis and retention of the compatible osmolyte glycerol. Hog1 is a member of the family of p38 SAPKs, which are present across eukaryotes. Many of the properties of the HOG pathway and downstream-regulated proteins are conserved from yeast to mammals. This review addresses the global view of this signaling pathway in yeast, as well as the contribution of Dr Hohmann's group to its understanding.
Role of Glutaminase 2 in Promoting CD4+ T Cell Production of Interleukin‐2 by Supporting Antioxidant Defense in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Glutaminase (GLS) isoenzymes GLS1 and GLS2 catalyze the first step of glutaminolysis. GLS1 is requisite for Th17 cell differentiation, and its inhibition suppresses autoimmune disease in animals, but the function of GLS2 is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GLS2 in CD4+ T cell function and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis.
Physical loading in professional soccer players: Implications for contemporary guidelines to encompass carbohydrate periodization

ABSTRACT Despite more than four decades of research examining the physical demands of match-play, quantification of the customary training loads of adult male professional soccer players is comparatively recent. The training loads experienced by players during weekly micro-cycles are influenced by phase of season, player position, frequency of games, player starting status, player-specific training goals and club coaching philosophy. From a macronutrient perspective, the periodization of physical loading within (i.e., match versus training days) and between contrasting micro-cycles (e.g., 1, 2 or 3 games per week schedules) has implications for daily carbohydrate (CHO) requirements. Indeed, aside from the well-recognised role of muscle glycogen as the predominant energy source during match-play, it is now recognised that the glycogen granule may exert regulatory roles in activating or attenuating the molecular machinery that modulate skeletal muscle adaptations to training. With this in mind, the concept of CHO periodization is gaining in popularity, whereby CHO intake is adjusted day-by-day and meal-by-meal according to the fuelling demands and specific goals of the upcoming session. On this basis, the present paper provides a contemporary overview and theoretical framework for which to periodize CHO availability for the professional soccer player according to the “fuel for the work” paradigm.
Nanoemulsions for enhanced skin permeation and controlled delivery of chlorohexidine digluconate

Abstract Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) is a widely used antiseptic for skin disinfection, as it exhibits poor skin permeability. Therefore, aim of the present study was preparation and evaluation of CHG nanoemulsions (NEs) using high-speed homogenisation (HSH) combined with ultra-probe sonication to improve skin permeability. CHG-NEs were prepared using eucalyptus oil (EO) and olive oil (OO), with a surfactant-to-cosurfactant ratio of 2:1. Optimised NEs had a mean droplet diameter of 257.5 ± 12.4 nm and PDI of 0.56 ± 0.13. In In vitro permeation studies EO based NEs delivered more CHG into the skin, 6.15 ± 0.12 µg/mg compared to 3.01 ± 0.02 µg/mg for a control solution. Additionally NEs were incorporated into an in situ forming dressing and results showed controlled delivery of CHG within skin. Together, these findings bring new possibilities for topical antimicrobial treatment and prophylactic strategies in wound management.
The roles of Hic-5 in BMP signaling in prostate cancer cells and generation of knockout mouse model

by DORJEE TSEWANG NORBU SHOLA Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (Hic-5, or androgen receptor-associated protein 55) has been implicated in prostate cancer progression. Recent studies from our laboratory have reported that Hic-5 modulates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling by inactivating Smad3 and Smad7. In this study, we explored the role of Hic-5 in another arm of the TGF-β superfamily, namely bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, because BMP aberrations were identified in prostate cancer. In particular, we focused on the effect of Hic-5 on BMP4-induced activations of Smads 1, 5 & 8 in the prostate. We showed that Hic-5 binds and inhibits Smads 1, 5 & 8 functions by interacting with its MH2 domain. We also presented that Hic-5 possesses the ability to inhibit BMP4-induced apoptosis and promote cell survival. Moreover, the binding of Hic-5 with Smad1 at the endogenous level and the identification of Smad1 as the
Optimization and Data Mining in Healthcare Patients Classification and Epileptic Brain State Transition Study Using Dynamic Measures, Pattern Recognition and Network Modeling

Epilepsy is the second most common chronic neurological disorder that affected over 50 million people in the world, of which one fifth were never treated. Recurrent unprovoked seizures, which are used to characterize epilepsy, are transient symptoms of abnormal, excessive or synchronous neuronal activities in the brain. Seldom cured with medication or surgery, epilepsy is generally being controlled clinically. Patients with refractory epilepsy may feel stressed or live in depression with the uncertainty of seizure-occurring time in daily lives, since most epileptic seizures come all of a sudden. A seizure detection and/or prediction method can help identify the occurrence of seizures and alleviate the uncertainties, hence improving the quality of life of epileptic patients. In the dissertation, the epileptic brain state transition and epileptic brain network were investigated with dynamic measures, granger causality, network modeling and optimization. With the electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, epileptic brain network was constructed using dynamic features and dependency or causal functions. The relationship between the change of epileptic brain network and the evolution of epileptic seizure was further investigated and some indications were found for identifying the preictal and ictal periods. Furthermore, alternative methods using multiple features extraction and classification were applied to investigate the epileptic brain state transition, using principle component analysis, support vector machine, and skeleton methods. In addition, the electrocardiogram (ECG) based seizure detection methods were also investigated. Last but not least, a patient classification method for the fast diagnosis of nonconvulsive status epilepticus from toxic metabolic encephalopathies was presented. ( en )
Foreign Aid in the Aftermath of Large Natural Disasters

This paper examines Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the aftermath of large natural disasters between 1970 and 2008. Using an event-study approach, the paper finds that while the median increase in ODA is 18 percent compared to pre-disaster flows, the typical surge is small in relation to the size of the affected economies. Moreover, aid surges typically cover only 3 percent of the total estimated economic damages caused by the disasters. The main determinants of post-disaster aid surges are found to be the intensity of the event itself and the recipient country’s characteristics such as level of development, country size and stock of foreign reserves. The paper does not find evidence that political considerations or strategic behavior on the part of donors determine the size of post-disaster aid surges.
Oxytocin enhances basolateral amygdala activation and functional connectivity while processing emotional faces: preliminary findings in autistic vs non-autistic women

Abstract Oxytocin is hypothesized to promote social interactions by enhancing the salience of social stimuli. While previous neuroimaging studies have reported that oxytocin enhances amygdala activation to face stimuli in autistic men, effects in autistic women remain unclear. In this study, the influence of intranasal oxytocin on activation and functional connectivity of the basolateral amygdala—the brain’s ‘salience detector’—while processing emotional faces vs shapes was tested in 16 autistic and 21 non-autistic women by functional magnetic resonance imaging in a placebo-controlled, within-subject, cross-over design. In the placebo condition, minimal activation differences were observed between autistic and non-autistic women. However, significant drug × group interactions were observed for both basolateral amygdala activation and functional connectivity. Oxytocin increased left basolateral amygdala activation among autistic women (35-voxel cluster, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates of peak voxel = −22 −10 −28; mean change = +0.079%, t = 3.159, PTukey = 0.0166) but not among non-autistic women (mean change = +0.003%, t = 0.153, PTukey = 0.999). Furthermore, oxytocin increased functional connectivity of the right basolateral amygdala with brain regions associated with socio-emotional information processing in autistic women, but not in non-autistic women, attenuating group differences in the placebo condition. Taken together, these findings extend evidence of oxytocin’s effects on the amygdala to specifically include autistic women and specify the subregion of the effect.
Clinical Documentation of Patient-Reported Medical Cannabis Use in Primary Care: Toward Scalable Extraction Using Natural Language Processing Methods

Background: Most states have legalized medical cannabis, yet little is known about how medical cannabis use is documented in patients’ electronic health records (EHRs). We used natural language processing (NLP) to calculate the prevalence of clinician-documented medical cannabis use among adults in an integrated health system in Washington State where medical and recreational use are legal. Methods: We analyzed EHRs of patients ≥18 years old screened for past-year cannabis use (November 1, 2017–October 31, 2018), to identify clinician-documented medical cannabis use. We defined medical use as any documentation of cannabis that was recommended by a clinician or described by the clinician or patient as intended to manage health conditions or symptoms. We developed and applied an NLP system that included NLP-assisted manual review to identify such documentation in encounter notes. Results: Medical cannabis use was documented for 16,684 (5.6%) of 299,597 outpatient encounters with routine screening for cannabis use among 203,489 patients seeing 1,274 clinicians. The validated NLP system identified 54% of documentation and NLP-assisted manual review the remainder. Language documenting reasons for cannabis use included 125 terms indicating medical use, 28 terms indicating non-medical use and 41 ambiguous terms. Implicit documentation of medical use (e.g., “edible THC nightly for lumbar pain”) was more common than explicit (e.g., “continues medical cannabis use”). Conclusions: Clinicians use diverse and often ambiguous language to document patients’ reasons for cannabis use. Automating extraction of documentation about patients’ cannabis use could facilitate clinical decision support and epidemiological investigation but will require large amounts of gold standard training data.
Model‐assisted analyses of longitudinal, ordinal outcomes with absorbing states

Studies of critically ill, hospitalized patients often follow participants and characterize daily health status using an ordinal outcome variable. Statistically, longitudinal proportional odds models are a natural choice in these settings since such models can parsimoniously summarize differences across patient groups and over time. However, when one or more of the outcome states is absorbing, the proportional odds assumption for the follow‐up time parameter will likely be violated, and more flexible longitudinal models are needed. Motivated by the VIOLET Study (Ginde et al), a parallel‐arm, randomized clinical trial of Vitamin D3 in critically ill patients, we discuss and contrast several treatment effect estimands based on time‐dependent odds ratio parameters, and we detail contemporary modeling approaches. In VIOLET, the outcome is a four‐level ordinal variable where the lowest ”not alive” state is absorbing and the highest ”at‐home” state is nearly absorbing. We discuss flexible extensions of the proportional odds model for longitudinal data that can be used for either model‐based inference, where the odds ratio estimator is taken directly from the model fit, or for model‐assisted inferences, where heterogeneity across cumulative log odds dichotomizations is modeled and results are summarized to obtain an overall odds ratio estimator. We focus on direct estimation of cumulative probability model (CPM) parameters using likelihood‐based analysis procedures that naturally handle absorbing states. We illustrate the modeling procedures, the relative precision of model‐based and model‐assisted estimators, and the possible differences in the values for which the estimators are consistent through simulations and analysis of the VIOLET Study data.
Efficacy of lower doses of pioglitazone after stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with insulin resistance

Pioglitazone is a potent insulin‐sensitizing drug with anti‐atherosclerotic properties, but adverse effects have limited its use. We assessed the benefits and risks of lower versus higher doses of pioglitazone taken by participants in the Insulin Resistance Intervention in Stroke Trial.
Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of Cherry Virus A, Isolated from Prunus armeniaca in Jammu and Kashmir, India

A nearly complete genome sequence of cherry virus A (CVA), isolated from the Prunus armeniaca plant, is presented in this publication. The genome is 7,380 bases in length and is divided into two open reading frames, with a 54-nucleotide (nt) 5′ noncoding region (NCR) and a 297-nt 3′ NCR. ABSTRACT A nearly complete genome sequence of cherry virus A (CVA), isolated from the Prunus armeniaca plant, is presented in this publication. The genome is 7,380 bases in length and is divided into two open reading frames, with a 54-nucleotide (nt) 5′ noncoding region (NCR) and a 297-nt 3′ NCR.
LncRNA MIR17HG promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of retinoblastoma cells by up‐regulating HIF‐1α expression via sponging miR‐155‐5p

Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) miR‐17‐92a‐1 cluster host gene (MIR17HG) is oncogenic in several cancers. This study was aimed to probe into its expression characteristics and biological functions in retinoblastoma (RB) and to explore its role in regulating microRNA‐155‐5p (miR‐155‐5p) and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). In this study, paired RB samples were collected, and expression levels of MIR17HG, miR‐155‐5p, and HIF‐1α were examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR); the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RB cells were detected by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and transwell assays; qRT‐PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the changes of miR‐155‐5p expression and HIF‐1α expression. We found that MIR17HG expression was significantly up‐regulated in RB samples, which was negatively correlated with miR‐155‐5p expression. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of RB cells were promoted by MIR17HG overexpression but inhibited by MIR17HG knockdown. MiR‐155‐5p suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RB cells. MIR17HG positively regulated the expression of HIF‐1α on both mRNA and protein levels in RB cells. Additionally, miR‐155‐5p was identified as a target of MIR17HG. The data in this study suggest that MIR17HG exerts oncogenic effects in RB via the miR‐155‐5p/HIF‐1α axis.
BYPASS1-LIKE regulates lateral root initiation via exocytic vesicular trafficking-mediated PIN recycling in Arabidopsis.

Auxin and auxin-mediated signaling pathways are known to regulate lateral root development. Although exocytic vesicle trafficking plays an important role in recycling the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers and in polar auxin transport during lateral root formation, the mechanistic details of these processes are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that BYPASS1-LIKE (B1L) regulates lateral root initiation via exocytic vesicular trafficking-mediated PIN recycling in Arabidopsis thaliana. b1l mutants contained significantly more lateral roots than the wild type, primarily due to increased lateral root primordium initiation. Furthermore, the auxin signal was stronger in stage I lateral root primordia of b1l than in those of the wild type. Treatment with exogenous auxin and an auxin transport inhibitor indicated that the lateral root phenotype of b1l could be attributed to higher auxin levels and that B1L regulates auxin efflux. Indeed, compared to the wild type, C-terminally GFP-tagged PIN1 and PIN3 accumulated at higher levels in b1l lateral root primordia. B1L interacts with the exocyst, and b1l shows defective PIN exocytosis. These observations indicate that B1L interacts with the exocyst to regulate PIN-mediated polar auxin transport and lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Analyses of Kinematic Characteristics of Tripod Constant Velocity Joints.

In this paper, a procedure is established for solving simultaneously a set of thirty conditional equations with respect to forces and moments acting on three spherical rollers, the tripod and the housing of tripod constant velocity joints, which are cylindrical-paired and sphere-cylinder-paired respectively, for any values of friction coefficients between spherical rollers and its grooves and axes. Moreover, the rotational velocity of the spherical roller relative to the tripod and the condition for rolling motion of the spherical roller to change into sliding motion on its groove are deduced. The established numerical procedure simulates the normal force of the spherical roller and the groove thrust force with a period of π and the housing thrust force with a period of 2π/3 for given values of the joint angle. These results are inspected by experimental analyses.
Desiccation tolerance in bryophytes relates to elasticity but is independent of cell wall thickness and photosynthesis

Abstract Mosses have been found outliers of the trade‐off between photosynthesis and bulk elastic modulus described for vascular plants. Hence, potential trade‐offs among physical features of cell walls and desiccation tolerance, water relations, and photosynthesis were assessed in bryophytes and other poikilohydric species. Long‐term desiccation tolerance was quantified after variable periods of desiccation/rehydration cycles. Water relations were analyzed by pressure–volume curves. Mesophyll conductance was estimated using both CO2 curve‐fitting and anatomical methods. Cell wall elasticity was the parameter that better correlated with the desiccation tolerance index for desiccation tolerant species and was antagonistic to higher absolute values of osmotic potential. Although high values of cell wall effective porosity were estimated compared with the values assumed for vascular plants, the desiccation tolerance index negatively correlated with the porosity in desiccation tolerant bryophytes. Neither cell wall thickness nor photosynthetic capacity were correlated with the desiccation tolerance index of the studied species. The existence of a potential evolutionary trade‐off between cell wall thickness and desiccation tolerance is rejected. The photosynthetic capacity reported for bryophytes is independent of elasticity and desiccation tolerance. Furthermore, the role of cell wall thickness in limiting CO2 conductance would be overestimated under a scenario of high cell wall porosity for most bryophytes.