Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Keyphrase Generation via Reinforcement Learning with Adaptive Rewards

Generating keyphrases that summarize the main points of a document is a fundamental task in natural language processing. Although existing generative models are capable of predicting multiple keyphrases for an input document as well as determining the number of keyphrases to generate, they still suffer from the problem of generating too few keyphrases. To address this problem, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL) approach for keyphrase generation, with an adaptive reward function that encourages a model to generate both sufficient and accurate keyphrases. Furthermore, we introduce a new evaluation method that incorporates name variations of the ground-truth keyphrases using the Wikipedia knowledge base. Thus, our evaluation method can more robustly evaluate the quality of predicted keyphrases. Extensive experiments on five real-world datasets of different scales demonstrate that our RL approach consistently and significantly improves the performance of the state-of-the-art generative models with both conventional and new evaluation methods.
Detecting Everyday Scenarios in Narrative Texts

Script knowledge consists of detailed information on everyday activities. Such information is often taken for granted in text and needs to be inferred by readers. Therefore, script knowledge is a central component to language comprehension. Previous work on representing scripts is mostly based on extensive manual work or limited to scenarios that can be found with sufficient redundancy in large corpora. We introduce the task of scenario detection, in which we identify references to scripts. In this task, we address a wide range of different scripts (200 scenarios) and we attempt to identify all references to them in a collection of narrative texts. We present a first benchmark data set and a baseline model that tackles scenario detection using techniques from topic segmentation and text classification.
Emissions Trading for Cleaner Production in the Old and New EU Member States

This paper examines the success of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) in inducing cleaner production in the EU based on the first two trading periods. It fills a literature gap by constructing a measure of clean production and conducting an ex-post macro-level analysis of the EU ETS impacts in EU15 compared to EU12. Results of panel regression analysis robustly show that EU ETS in both EU12 and EU15 (i) has positive impact on clean production of regulated industries, (ii) does not induce spillovers of cleaner technologies and processes to non-regulated industries, and (iii) does not affect clean production at the national level. In addition, share of renewables in energy consumption has a positive and crisis a negative impact on the clean production. Results support further tightening and broader coverage of EU ETS regulation and provision of funds from the EU ETS for development of renewable energy technologies. JEL Classification: Q52
Sleep Duration the Night before an Exam and Its Relationship to Students’ Exam Scores

Background: Sleep is an important criterion for preserving physical and mental health. The amount and quality of our nightly sleep could affect cognitive functions during the following day’s activities. Recent reviews suggest the important role of sleep in learning and sustaining memory. For the current study, we evaluated the relationship between nighttime sleep before an exam and performance on that exam in a group of students from the Azad University. Methods: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 200 students who completed a questionnaire. Students’ records and exam scores were obtained by accessing student codes written on the exams. All data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results: Sixty-two percent of the students were male, and 38% were female. A slight majority (56.5%) of students were studying engineering, 16% were studying the basic sciences, and 27.5% were studying liberal arts. Mean sleep time the night before the exam was 6.43 hours. The mean Original exam score was 15.46. After dividing the sleep period into three groups, we observed that students who only slept at night received significantly higher exam score than who napped during the day. Students who slept 6-10 hours at some point within 24 hours before the exam obtained significantly higher exam scores than did students who slept less than 6 hours. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that adequate nighttime sleep the night before an exam relates to enhanced performance on that exam. Marital status, gender, and habitat did not have any association with exam scores.
A New Routing Algorithm: MIRAD

LSP routing is among the prominent issues in MPLS networks traffic engineering. The objective of this routing is to increase number of the accepted requests while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS). Requested bandwidth is the most important QoS criterion that is considered in literatures, and a various number of heuristic algorithms have been presented with that regards. Many of these algorithms prevent flows through bottlenecks of the network in order to perform load balancing, which impedes optimum operation of the network. Here, a modern routing algorithm is proposed as MIRAD: having a little information of the network topology, links residual bandwidth, and any knowledge of the prospective requests it provides every request with a maximum bandwidth as well as minimum end-to-end delay via uniform load distribution across the network. Simulation results of the proposed algorithm show a better efficiency in comparison with similar algorithms. Keywords—new generation networks, QoS, traffic engineering, MPLS, QoS based routing, LSP
Normal form games

the s i values is m. Player i wins if she has the minimum, over all j, of |s j – (2/3)m|. Then $100 is divided equally among those who win. Are there any Nash equilibria? If so, what are they? Variation 2. Same as Variation 1, except that, for each individual i, the strategy space is S i = [0, 10], the closed interval of real numbers. Are there any Nash equilibria? If so, what are they? The NYT bidding game: Variation 1. There are eight players bidding for a prize of $20.
Adaptive Localized Curve Tracing Methodology for Efficient Transmission of Audio Streams over Noisy ATM Networks

To combat channel impairments during transmission of high fidelity audio streams over noisy ATM networks in addition to providing security and high compression to the audio data have been challenging tasks for the researchers in the field. This paper proposes a multi functionality model employed at the transmitting end that provides the advantages of multi level compression, error recovery mechanism and the security for the audio data in ATM networks. The proposed model introduces the modulo coefficient booster transform (MCBT) that translates the relevant frequency domain coefficients of the audio stream filtered from a human acoustic modeler into strictly increasing/decreasing booster coefficients (employing coefficient localization, burrow wheeler transform and mathematical curve tracing). The booster coefficients obtained are fit to corresponding modulo mathematical functions, which are encoded and transmitted after incorporating security and error recovery mechanisms. Employing the PRATM model to provide error recovery for the transmitted data in the noisy channel provides reliability to the data. The proposed transform can be completely invertible (being a function of set lapse time and error deviation threshold) and provides additional security by means of localizations of the functions generated based on hamming distance computations. The model was tested for various bit error rates of high fidelity audio streams simulated in noisy network environments. The PSNRs , security and the overall reliability of the proposed model encourage the model to be preferred for transmissions of audio streams over noisy ATM networks
The spoor law : an anachronism or constitutional misfit?

The spoor law is a rule of African customary law that determines liability for stock theft. It provides that, if the tracks of lost or stolen livestock can be traced to a homestead or its immediate surrounds, the head of that establishment will be held liable. If the direction of the spoor do not point to a specific homestead, all those in the vicinity become jointly liable. As a convenient deterrent to the theft of livestock, the spoor law was incorporated into the laws of the Cape Province, Natal and the Transkeian Territories at the end of the nineteenth century, making it the only rule of customary law to be applicable without regard to race prior to the new Constitution. This article questions whether the spoor law still is, and should be, part of South African law. It has never been formally repealed, and still survives in the1983 Transkei Penal Code. Although the law has not been mentioned in a reported case for many years, it might play a valuable role in crime control, since stock theft remains a serious and pervasive crime in South Africa. The article argues, however, that it will probably not survive constitutional review, because it has the effect of imposing a reverse onus of proof.
Has the currently warming climate affected populations of the mountain ringlet butterfly, Erebia epiphron (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), in low-elevation mountains?

Climate change scenarios predict losses of cold-adapted species from insular locations, such as middle high mountains at temperate latitudes, where alpine habitats extend for a few hundred meters above the timberline. However, there are very few studies following the fates of such species in the currently warming climate. We compared transect monitoring data on an alpine butterfl y, Erebia epiphron (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from summit elevations of two such alpine islands (above 1300 m) in the Jeseník Mts and Krkonoše Mts, Czech Republic. We asked if population density, relative total population abundance and phenology recorded in the late 1990s (past) differs that recorded early in 2010s (present) and if the patterns are consistent in the two areas, which are separated by 150 km. We found that butterfl y numbers recorded per transect walk decreased between the past and the present, but relative population abundances remained unchanged. This contradictory observation is due to an extension in the adult fl ight period, which currently begins ca 10 days earlier and lasts for longer, resulting in the same total abundances with less prominent peaks in abundance. We interpret this development as desynchronization of annual cohort development, which might be caused by milder winters with less predictable snow cover and more variable timing of larval diapause termination. Although both the Jeseník and Krkonoše populations of E. epiphron are abundant enough to withstand such desynchronization, decreased synchronicity of annual cohort development may be detrimental for innumerable small populations of relic species in mountains across the globe.
Depersonalized Case Histories in the Babylonian Therapeutic Compendia

: Standard histories of medicine identify Hippocratic texts such as Epidemics as the earliest medical case histories in human history. In contrast to the Hippocratic case histories, it is often stated that Babylonian medicine made no use of individual case histories. In this paper, I investigate ‘depersonalized case histories’ in the Babylonian therapeutic corpora (ca. 800–600 BCE, although in many cases probably based on earlier lost sources). On the face of it, the suggestion that certain complex collocations of symptoms derive in a straightforward way from individual cases might seem far-fetched, or at minimum not a demonstrable interpretation. Comparison of Babylonian therapeutic texts with the treatment of ‘cases’ in Mesopotamian law, in particular in so-called imperial rescripts in which an individual case is converted into a general statute, suggests that certain clusters of symptom descriptions actually represent ‘depersonalized’ case histories in which personal details have been intentionally omitted from the tradition in order to make these cases suitable for inclusion within authoritative (or as I suggest we call them infrastructural ) technical corpora. The identification of this process of ‘depersonalization’ may also play an important role in bringing epistemological critiques of one kind or another (Foucault on ‘the clinical sciences’ or Forrester on ‘thinking in cases’) into a fruitful dialogue with Mesopotamian materials.
The Effects of Youth Employment: Evidence from New York City Lotteries

Programs to encourage labor market activity among youth, including public employment programs and wage subsidies like the Work Opportunity Tax Credit, can be supported by three broad rationales. They may (i) provide contemporaneous income support to participants; (ii) encourage work experience that improves future employment and/or educational outcomes of participants; and/or (iii) keep participants "out of trouble. " We study randomized lotteries for access to the New York City (NYC) Summer Youth Employment Program (SYEP), the largest summer youth employment program in the United States, by merging SYEP administrative data on 294,100 lottery participants to IRS data on the universe of U.S. tax records; to New York State administrative incarceration data; and to NYC administrative cause of death data. In assessing the three rationales, we find that (i) SYEP participation causes average earnings and the probability of employment to increase in the year of program participation, with modest contemporaneous crowdout of other earnings and employment; (ii) SYEP participation causes a modest decrease in average earnings for three years following the program and has no impact on college enrollment; and (iii) SYEP participation decreases the probability of incarceration and decreases the probability of mortality, which has important and potentially pivotal implications for analyzing the net benefits of the program. JEL Codes: J13, J45, J38, J21.
ECOLOGICAL SOURCES OF SELECTION ON AVIAN SOUNDS

Considerable importance is placed on the identification and measurement of sources of natural selection, the one unifying process in the biological sciences. Usually, sources of selection can only be hypothesized; they can rarely be measured because the long time periods involved cannot be duplicated in the laboratory for experimental purposes. This paper attempts to measure sources of selection on bird sounds that are derived from the acoustic properties of their habitats. Because all sounds do not propagate equally well in a given habitat, selection should favor the use of sounds that give the greatest broadcast area for a given source sound pressure level. Therefore, this study is concerned with signals used for communicating over relatively long distances. These include most passerine "song" notes, many passerine call notes, and contact notes used by a pair of conspecifics to remain in auditory contact when they may be too far apart to maintain visual contact. In an environment without vegetation or boundaries such as the ground, and through a homogeneous, frictionless medium, sound diverges spherically from a source that is small relative to the sound's wavelength. Because of spherical divergence the intensity of the far sound field will drop at a rate of 6 dB per each doubling of distance, due to the inverse-square law (e.g., Peterson and Gross 1967). Natural environments, of course, differ greatly from the ideal circumstances within which sound attenuation follows the inverse-square law. However, this theoretical attenuation rate provides a convenient base from which natural environments may be compared. In natural environments other factors either reduce sound energy, such as absorption by air, ground, and vegetation, or redirect sound energy, as by reflection or diffraction. Thus, absorption of sound energy and spherical divergence are directly proportional to the length of the sound propagation path, while the redirective forces arc generally not proportional to the length of the sound propagation path. The purpose of this paper is to describe the acoustics of natural environments and to determine whether the physical structure of bird sounds used in longdistance communicatioil correlates with differences in habitat acoustics.
Is Return Volatility Driven by Volume or Trade Counts?

Many empirical studies have found a positive relationship between return volatility and trade volume. A number of theoretical papers predict this volume/volatility relationship. In contrast, Jones, Kaul and Lipson (1989) find that return volatility is best explained by transaction counts, rather than volume or average trade size. Our paper tests the robustness of this trade count/volatility result using Canadian data over a longer time frame. We find that the trade count/volatility relationship holds in the Toronto Stock Exchange.
Efficient and Effective Gabor Feature Representation for Face Detection

— We here propose improved version of elastic graph matching (EGM) as a face detector, called the multi-scale EGM (MS-EGM). In this improvement, Gabor wavelet-based pyramid reduces computational complexity for the feature representation often used in the conventional EGM, but preserving a critical amount of information about an image. The MS-EGM gives us higher detection performance than Viola-Jones object detection algorithm of the AdaBoost Haar-like feature cascade. We also show rapid detection speeds of the MS-EGM, comparable to the Viola-Jones method. We find fruitful benefits in the MS-EGM, in terms of topological feature representation for a face.
Title Page Coefficient of Determination Sita Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithms Swap Short-wavelength-automated-perimetry Va Visual Acuity Wwp White-on-white Perimetry 3

has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. Citation for the published paper: Bengtsson, B and Heijl, A and Agardh, E "Visual fields correlate better than visual acuity to severity of diabetic retinopathy. " Access to the published version may require journal subscription. Title: Visual fields correlate better than visual acuity to severity of diabetic retinopathy Short title: B Bengtsson et al.: Visual fields and visual acuity in diabetic retinopathy Abstract Purpose: To compare outcome of perimetric and visual acuity tests in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Fifty-nine diabetic patients with different degrees of retinopathy were subjected to stereo fundus photography according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), and fluorescein angiography. Conventional White-White-Perimetry (WWP) and Short-Wavelength-Automated-Perimetry (SWAP) were performed and analysed with reference to normal values. Visual acuity (VA) was measured with ETDRS charts. Results: Regression analysis revealed that VA was significantly associated with increasing severity of retinopathy according to the ETDRS scale when VA was estimated by counting LogMar Scores, but not by the conventional reading of the smallest line that could be seen,. VA decreased by 0.02 LogMar/ETDRS step (p=0.03). Degree of visual field loss was significantly associated with increasing severity of retinopathy according to the ETDRS scale, perimetric sensitivity decreasing by 0.44 dB/ETDRS step (p=0.0001) using WWP, and by-0.40 dB/ETDRS step (p=0.04) with SWAP. Area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and adjacent perifoveal intercapillary areas (PIAs) also affected the central visual field as obtained both by WWP, –2.6 dB/ mm 2 (p=0.03), and by SWAP, –7.9dB/ mm 2 (p=0.002), but did not affect VA. The regression model fit for peripheral retinopathy according to the ETDRS scale was better using WWP than SWAP or VA, while SWAP testing was superior to both WWP and VA when measuring effects caused by enlarged FAZ and PIAs. Conclusion: Perimetry can provide more useful information than VA on functional loss in diabetic retinopathy, particularly when the perifoveal capillary network is damaged. Abbrevations: dB decibel ETDRS Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study FAZ foveal avascular zone Fig. Figure HFA Humphrey Field Analyzer LOCS Lens Opacities Classification System LogMar logarithm of minimum angle of resolution MD Mean Deviation PIA perifoveal intercapillary area r 2
Common Types of Video Lectures

creation and use of video lectures in college teaching. Enrollment in online courses has grown steadily over the past 15 years. In 2014, more than 5.8 million students were enrolled in at least one online course, and about half of those were taking classes exclusively online (Allen & Seaman, 2016). Additionally, the flipped classroom has become popular among many college instructors. EDUCAUSE defines the flipped classroom as a “pedagogical model in which the typical lecture and homework elements of a course are reversed. Short video lectures are viewed by students at home before the class session, whereas in-class time is devoted to exercises, projects, or discussions” (2012, p. 1). The 2016 Campus Technology report found that 55 percent of college instructors indicated that at least some of their classes were flipped (Schaffhauser, 2016).
Dimension Exploitation and Measurement of Tie Strength in Enterprise Network

Network tie strength has always been a focus question in sociological studies and widely applied in theories and practices of enterprise network.However,measurement of enterprise network tie strength has not been completely proved.For further research in theories and practices of enterprise network tie strength,using qualitative study,this study develops the initial network tie strength scale on the basis of existing studies.Using EFA and CFA,we do empirical study to test the scale and then form the final network tie strength scale which includes four dimensions with 13 indicators.The results and conclusions of this paper provide operability basis for study of enterprise network tie and give enterprises some practice guidance for understanding and managing their network.
Do In-Line Dance, Progressively Loaded Squats and Foot Stomping Affect the Parameters of Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women?

Introduction: The incidence of hip fracture is increasing and the associated costs to individuals and the community needs to be vigorously addressed. This study was a randomized controlled intervention designed to examine the effects of a simple-to-do, easy-to-implement exercise programme on the elements of hip fracture risk which are known to be amenable to exercise therapy. Methods: Forty-five volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three groups. All groups attended one line dance class per week. Two groups additionally performed progressively loaded squats five times a week. One group also performed four foot stomps twice daily five times per week. Hip fracture risk (HFR), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), proximal femoral (PF) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD), squats number, and balance variables were measured. Results: There were no changes in HFR, BUA, PF or LS BMD, however, a strong positive stomps compliance effect was noted for BUA (r = 0.73, p = 0.003) and for PF BMD (r = 0.79, p = 0.002). Squats number increased in all participants, especially in those performing all three activities (p = 0.001). Single Leg Stance (SLS) times increased (p < 0.01), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) times decreased (p < 0.01) in all participants who complied with the protocol of squatting and stomping. Forward and lateral step velocities did not change. Conclusions: Our novel intervention conferred positive benefits on the skeletons of independent living, postmenopausal women. Other indices of fall and fracture risk, including muscle strength and balance, improved in all participants suggesting a beneficial effect of line dancing on these factors.