Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Speciation of Aluminum in Environmental Samples

There are many sources of heavy metals in the environment. They can get there from the atmosphere as a result of intensive rain or snowfall, or they can be eroded out of the bedrock or soil. Larger amounts, often exceeding permitted concentrations, are most frequently due to emissions/discharges from industrial areas. The great variety of sources and physico-chemical conditions means that an element can occur in many different forms. That is why any assessment of the degree of contamination of the environment should be carried out not only from the point of view of the total amount of a metal found in environmental samples; it is also very important to know the contents of stable species of metals, constituting a potential reserve in the biocirculation. Moreover, the forms of occurrence of aluminum determine its toxicity or the synergistic relationships it enters into with other substances, which in turn determine its uptake and absorption by living organisms.
Self-attraction mapping and an update on local gravitational acceleration measurement in BIPM Kibble balance

The self-attraction effect needs to be evaluated and corrected towards a 10−9 level absolute determination of the local gravitational acceleration g in Kibble balance experiments. In this paper, the self-attraction effect of the BIPM Kibble balance apparatus is modelled by linking the gravitational field to the electrical field based on an electrostatic finite element analysis. A mapping of the gravitational field with different construction segments of the apparatus is presented, yielding a total correction of (4.7±0.5) μGal at the mean trajectory position. Experimental measurements are carried out to check the self-attraction model. Based on the obtained result and previous measurements, we updated the g determination along the measurement trajectory for the forthcoming Planck constant measurement.
Chloro‐ and bromo‐nitrophenylhydrazines and methylhydrazines and their derivatives

1 A study has been made of the action of hydrazine and methylhydrazine on ortho- and para-chloronitrobenzenes, 1:4-dichloro(bromo)-benzene and 1-chloro- or 1-bromo-3:4-dinitrobenzene. 2 The Phenylhydrazine derivatives obtained in these reactions, viz. 2-nitro- and 4-nitrophenyl-α-methylhydrazines, 2-nitro-4-chloro- and bromophenyl-α-methylhydrazines, 2-nitro-5-chloro- and bromo-phenylhydrazines were investigated as reagents for aldehydes and ketones.
Some regio- and stereochemical aspects of the Diels-Alder reaction of nitrosocarbonyl compounds with N-substituted 1,2-dihydropyridines

Obtention d'oxadiaza-2,3,5 bicyclo [2.2.2] octenes-7 et/ou d'oxadiaza-2,3,6 bicyclo [2.2.2] octenes-7. La regiochimie de la cycloaddition depend des effets electroniques des substituants presents dans le dienophile et dans le dienamide. L'etude est faite par RMN de 13 C et par analyse RX
Relationships Between Degree of Compression Wood Development and Specific Gravity and Tracheid Characteristics in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Abel, E. , Mh. Chem. 85 (1954) 231. 83, (1952) 422—439. D o well. Jr., A. M. and K. A. Kuiken, Tappi 46 (1963) no 12, 726—730. Entwistle, D. , E. H. Cole and N. S. Wooding, Textile Research J. 19 (1949) no 9, 527—546; no 10, 609—624. Giertz, H. W. , Svensk Papperstidn. 48 (1945) no 13, 317 to 323. Kleinen, T. N. and F. Sieber, Holzforschung 9 (1955) no ι, 15—17. Kleinen, T. N. , Textil-Rundschau 15 (1960) no 2, 55—65. Kleinen, T. N. and Ph. Wurm, Tappi 39 (1956) no n, 807—812. Kleinen, T. N. and L. M. Marraccini, Svensk Papperstidn. 66 (1963) no 6, 189—195. Kleinert, T. N. and Marraccini, L. M. , Svensk Papperstidn. 69 (1966) no 3, 69—71. Kleinert, T. N. , Textil-Rundschau 14 (1959) no 5, 249—259. Kleinert, T. N. and J. R. Morton, Nature 196 (1962) no 4852, 334—336. Kleinert, T. N. , Holzforschung 21 (1967) no 3, 77—81. MacDonald, D. M. , Tappi 48 (1965) no 12, 708—713. Marraccini, L. M. and T. N. Kleinert, Svensk Papperstidn. 65 (1962) no 3, 78—80. Marraccini, L. M. and T. N. Kleinert, Svensk Papperstidn. 65 (1962) no 4, 126—131. Mattor, J. A. , Tappi 46 (1963) no ίο, 586—591; Ph. D. Thesis, Institute of Paper Chemistry and Lawrence College, Appleton, Wisconsin, USA. McBurny, L. F. , in "Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives", Part I, pp. 125—130, edited by E. Ott, H. M. S purlin and M. W. Graf f l in, Interscience Publishers Inc., New York, 1954. Sihtola, H. and L. Neimo, Faserforsch, u. Textiltech. 16 (1965) no ίο, 481—487. Urbigkit, J. R. , Das Papier 15 (1961) no 12, 737—739.
Nanolithographic patterning of transparent, conductive single-walled carbon nanotube films by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching

The authors report successful patterning of transparent, conductive single-walled carbon nanotube films down to 100nm lateral dimensions by photolithography or e-beam lithography and subsequent O2 plasma etching using an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) system. They systematically study the effect of ICP-RIE etch parameters, such as substrate bias power, chamber pressure, and substrate cooling, on the nanotube film etch rate and etch selectivity. They also characterize the effect of the linewidth etched on the nanotube film etch rate for widths ranging from 50μm down to 100nm. Furthermore, by fabricating standard four point probe structures using the patterning capability developed, the authors investigate the effect of different resist processes on the resistivity of patterned single-walled carbon nanotube films and the effect of ICP reactive ion etching on the resistivity of partially etched nanotube films. In addition, they demonstrate that using an ICP-RIE system provides sign.
Nanofiltration of Bleaching Pulp and Paper Effluents in Tubular Polymeric Membranes

Abstract A systematic investigation of the nanofiltration (NF) of alkaline bleaching effluent (E1) from the pulp and paper industry is carried out through a first assessment of NF of model systems, namely, solutions of salts—NaCl and Na2SO4—and organic solutes—glucose, saccharose, and raffinose—which develop membrane–solute(s) interactions similar to those developed by the bleaching effluent. The ampholytic polymer of the membrane active layer, under controlled feed conditions, develops a surface charge distribution which determines the membrane performance. The verification of the effects of the anion valence and the feed concentration on the salts rejections, in accordance with the Donnan exclusion principle, is an important feature of this work. For the bleaching effluent, the NF performance is strongly dependent on the pH due to the influence of this parameter on the membrane surface charge. The contribution of this work toward the optimization of the NF operating conditions would allow for future sca.
Birefringent Phase Matching in Thin Rectangular High-Index-Contrast Waveguides

We propose a novel phase-matching scheme utilizing large structural birefringence in thin high-index-contrast waveguides. Large dispersions of high-index guiding materials are compensated by use of low-index cladding materials with small wavelength dispersions. The proposed birefringent phase-matching scheme is applicable to optically isotropic nonlinear optical materials. We show that phase-matched second-harmonic generation at 1.55 µm in a rib-type AlGaAs/oxidized AlAs thin rectangular waveguide gives rise to a high normalized conversion efficiency of 19,000%/(W·cm2). This extremely high efficiency is achieved by strong field confinement and the use of the lowest-order transverse modes involved in the nonlinear interaction.
Fluorescence study on the swelling behavior of comb-type grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels

The shrinking mechanism of comb-type grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel due to temperature jump across its volume transition temperature has been investigated. Grafted chains or gel networks were labeled by a dansyl probe, and the temporal change in microenvironment of the dansyl-labeled gel was investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. The comb-type grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel exhibited a rapid shrinking compared to normal-type NIPA gel, and the change in its microenvironment was found to become hydrophobic more than 10 times faster than normal-type poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel by observation of temporal change in the maximum emission wavelength, λem, of the dansyl group. The freely mobile characteristics of grafted chains are expected to show the rapid dehydration to make tightly packed globules with temperature, followed by the subsequent hydrophobic intermolecular aggregation of dehydrated graft chains. The dehydrated grafted chains created the hydrophobic cores, which en.
Anthanthrene Derivatives as Blue Emitting Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diode Applications

Photophysical properties of anthanthrene (1) and its derivatives (2−11) substituted at the 4,10 and/or 6,12 positions (φF = 0.25−0.56, τF = 2.93−4.21 ns in CH2Cl2) are compared. Solution emission behavior (λmax = 438−482 nm) is similar to that observed in the solid state (λmax = 437−465 nm). The compounds are shown to be efficient and very stable blue emitters, especially in the solid state (φF = 0.39−0.86). An electroluminescent (EL) device containing 5 as a dopant produced an EL efficiency of 3.0 cd/A with CIE coordinates of 0.13 and 0.25. The luminescence half-life of the device was more than 3500 h with an initial luminescence ∼ 600 cd/m2.
Analytical Determination and Bio-Monitoring of Platinum Group Elements in Roadside Grass Using Microwave Assisted Digestion and Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

The analytical conditions that enable the determination of traffic related platinum group elements (PGEs) in roadside grass using microwave digestion and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry were evaluated as an alternative to the biomonitoring of traffic related PGEs and Pb levels in urban areas. To optimize the analytical conditions and account for matrix effects that could import error in the analysis, method optimization was based on matrix simulation through analyte recovery from spiked unpolluted samples against a matrix blank. A mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acid under progressively increasing microwave irradiation was optimized to afford the quantitative extraction of platinum group elements from plant matrix. Due to the low levels of platinum group elements in real samples, preconcentration was accomplished using sample evaporation followed by dissolution in dilute nitric acid prior to deliverance to the atomic detector. Quantitation limits below 1 ng g−1 for Pd and Rh and lower than 2 ng g−1 for Pt, were accomplished, enabling the monitoring of platinum group elements bioaccumulation in roadside grass with satisfactory recoveries, as determined from the analysis of spiked samples. The results from method application in an annual monitoring survey of PGEs and Pb levels in urban flora and other roadside media are presented and discussed.
Small Al clusters. II. Structure and binding in Aln (n=2–6, 13)

The structure and stability of aluminum clusters containing up to six atoms have been studied using correlated wave functions and extended basis sets. The lowest energy structure is planar for Al4 and Al5, but three dimensional for Al6. The icosahedral, hcp, fcc, and two planar structures of Al13 were considered at the SCF level. The lowest energy structure is the icosahedron, but the planar structures are fairly low lying even in this case. A simplified description using two‐ and three‐body interaction potentials is found to agree well with the ab initio structures and binding energies.
Structural investigations of (9-ethyl-carbazol-6-yl) methyl methacrylate/methyl acrylate copolymers using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy

(9-Ethyl-carbazol-6-yl) methyl methacrylate/methyl acrylate (E/A) copolymers of different compositions were prepared by solution polymerization by varying the molar infeed ratio, using AIBN as initiator at 60°C. The reactivity ratios calculated by Kelen–Tudos (KT) method were found to be rE = 1.16 ± 0.02 and rA = 0.69 ± 0.01 whereas those calculated from RREVM method were found to be rE = 1.18 and rA = 0.68. The molecular weights (Mw) and polydispersity index (PDI, Mw/Mn) were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Glass transition temperatures (Tg) for different compositions of E/A copolymers were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Copolymer molar outfeed ratio (FE) was calculated from 1H NMR spectra. The α-methyl, methine, backbone methylene, and quaternary carbon resonance signals of the copolymers were distinguished using 13C{1H}, DEPT-45, -90, and -135 NMR techniques. The α-methyl and β-methylene showed compositional and configurational sensitivity up to pentad and tetrad level, respectively, whereas methine showed only compositional sensitivity up to pentad level. Unambiguous assignments for 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectra were done by correlating 1D (1H, 13C{1H}, DEPT) and 2D (HSQC, TOCSY) NMR data. The spectral assignments for carbonyl region were done by studying higher bond order couplings by heteronuclear multibond correlation (HMBC) spectra. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5595–5606, 2006
Tip artefacts in scanning force microscopy

Since its invention in 1986, scanning force microscopy (SFM) has experienced great success as a characterization method for topography on small scales. In spite of the enormous potential of the method, it is limited by the quality of the tip used for probing the surface topography. Convolutions of non‐ideal tip shapes with the real topography and tip bending, flexing and jumping effects produce artefacts in the resulting images.
Learning experiences of inner city early childhood development managers who participated in an ECD forum: a social work perspective

Early childhood development is one of the critical services to support the development of young children from conception to age six. Children raised in vulnerable inner cities, with limited access to quality, well-resourced ECD services, are at risk of perpetuating cycles of disadvantage and exclusion. Even though ECD centres exist in abundance in the inner city of Durban, eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, managers of ECD centres face challenges such as meeting rigorous registration norms and standards, a lack of finances, resources, trained staff and socio-economic factors which affect the wellbeing of children. Using a qualitative approach, this study communicates the role played by the Inner City ECD Forum in the learning experiences of seven ECD managers through their participation in inter-sectoral stakeholder interventions and capacity building trainings. It further outlines the benefits of networking and collective support. Based on the findings, recommendations for practice, policy and further research are made.
Diagnostic Utility of IGF2BP1 and Its Targets as Potential Biomarkers in ETV6-RUNX1 Positive B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Around 85% of childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) are of B-cell origin and characterized by the presence of different translocations including BCR-ABL1, ETV6-RUNX1, E2A-PBX1, and MLL fusion proteins. The current clinical investigations used to identify ETV6-RUNX1 translocation include FISH and fusion transcript specific PCR. In the current study we assessed the utility of IGF2BP1, an oncofetal RNA binding protein, that is over expressed specifically in ETV6-RUNX1 translocation positive B-ALL to be used as a diagnostic marker in the clinic. Further, public transcriptomic and Crosslinked Immunoprecipitation (CLIP) datasets were analyzed to identify the putative targets of IGF2BP1. We also studied the utility of using the mRNA expression of two such targets, MYC and EGFL7 as potential diagnostic markers separately or in conjunction with IGF2BP1. We observed that the expression of IGF2BP1 alone measured by RT-qPCR is highly sensitive and specific to be used as a potential biomarker for the presence of ETV6-RUNX1 translocation in future.
Asymmetric synthesis, crystal structure, and antidepressant activity of 2-aryl-3-alkyl-5-methyl- 2-morpholinol hydrochlorides

2-Aryl-3-alkyl-5-methyl-2-morpholinols were synthesized from the reactions of chiral 2-aminopropan-1-ol with 2-bromo-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 2-bromo-1-(3-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one, 1-(4-(benzyloxy)ph.
Time-resolved coherent photoelectron spectroscopy of quantized electronic states on metal surfaces

Time-resolved two-photon photoemission in combination with the coherent excitation of several quantum states was used to study the ultrafast electron dynamics of image-potential states on metal surfaces. For a (100) surface of copper, the spectroscopy of quantum beats made previously unresolved high-order states (quantum numbern ≥ 4) experimentally accessible. By exciting electrons close to the vacuum level, electron wave packets could be created and detected that described the quasi-classical periodic motion of weakly bound electrons. They traveled more than 200 A away from the surface and oscillated back and forth with a period of 800 femtoseconds.
Solvent Extraction of Lanthanides(III) with N‐p‐Phenylbenzoyl‐N‐phenylhydroxylamine

Abstract N‐p‐Phenylbenzoyl‐N‐phenylhydroxylamine (phenyl‐BPHA) was newly synthesized. The acid‐dissociation constant and distribution constant between chloroform and 0.1 mol dm−3 potassium chloride solution of phenyl‐BPHA were spectrophotometrically determined. The solvent extraction of lanthanides(III) (Ln) with phenyl‐BPHA was investigated. The representative lanthanides (Yb, Ho, Eu, Pr, and La) were all found to extract with compounds as self‐adducts of the form, LnL3(HL)2, where L and HL denote the ligand anion and neutral ligand, respectively. The extraction constant and separation factor were compared with those of the other derivatives of N‐benzoyl‐N phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) previously reported. As the results, it was found that the separation factors for lanthanides(III) pairs represented by Pr/Eu, Eu/Yb, and Pr/Yb, with phenyl‐BPHA have moderate values by the comparison of those of other hydroxamic acids and other extractants.
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering: from proof-of-the-principle experiments to femtosecond CARS and higher order wave-mixing generalizations

A review of CARS evolution from proof-of-the principle experiments to recent CARS developments, including femtosecond CARS and higher order wave-mixing spectroscopy generalizations, is given, with the main emphasis placed on the discussion of physically new ideas and promising directions of CARS studies. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast Ion Conduction in Layer-By-Layer Polymer Films

The layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition technique has been applied to the design of polymer electrolyte films appropriate for electrochemical applications such as sensors and electrochromic cells. In this work, we describe the properties of three LBL polymer electrolyte systems assembled from cationic layers of linear poly(ethylene imine) (LPEI), with anionic layers of Nafion, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The assembly behavior of these systems was carefully examined, and ionic conductivity was determined using impedance spectroscopy. The influences of assembly conditions and water plasticization on ion conduction were elaborated. Room-temperature ionic conductivity greater than 10-5 S/cm can be achieved within LPEI/PAMPS and LPEI/PAA films, which is 2 orders of magnitude greater than the highest values previously described in LBL films. By manipulating a unique assembly mechanism, high ionic conductivity can be achieved in LPEI/PAMPS films at low pl.
Issues Related to the Association between Denial-like Coping Strategies and Psychosocial Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability

Denial, as a psychological construct, refers to both a coping strategy and a defense mechanism mobilized in the face of impending stressful situations and potentially traumatic life experiences [1]. Reported empirical data, obtained from research on the relationship between the use of denial-type coping and psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability (CID), have typically shown that individuals who rely mostly on denial, as a coping strategy to reduce the impact of their CID (e.g. functional limitations, pain), largely demonstrate, although not exclusively, poor adaptation to their medical conditions [2-5]. More specifically, for people who have sustained traumatic injuries, such as spinal cord injuries, traumatic head injuries, stroke, and limb amputations [6-8], and those who were diagnosed with life threatening diseases, such as heart conditions, cancer, and multiple sclerosis (Kershaw, Northouse, [9-11] the use of denial, or avoidant-type coping, in the aftermath of their trauma or diagnosis, results in increased levels of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. They have been also found to experience lower levels of psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and in general, poorer quality of life Findings of negative relationships between the use of denial coping and adaptation to CID must, however, be interpreted with extreme caution due to several conceptual, procedural, and psychometric weaknesses inherent in many of the reported studies. These weaknesses include, but are not restricted to, the following:
Solution Properties of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

Abstract Aqueous solutions of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) show a lower critical solution temperature. The thermodynamic properties of the system have been evaluated from the phase diagram and the heat absorbed during phase separation and the phenomenon is ascribed to be primarily due to an entropy effect. From viscosity, sedimentation, and light-scattering studies of solutions close to conditions of phase separation, it appears that aggregation due to formation of nonpolar and intermolecular hydrogen bonds is important. In addition, a weakening of the ordering effect of the water-amide hydrogen bonds as the temperature is raised contributes to the stability of the two-phase system.
Preparation of the neolignan natural product grossamide by a continuous-flow process

This article describes the first enantioselective total syn- thesis of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydro-3-benzofurancarboxyamide neolignan, grossamide (1) using a fully automated and scalable flow reactor. Many plants respond to pathogenic attack such as fungal infection by the rapid biosynthesis and accumulation of low molecular weight antimicrobial compounds. A sig- nificant proportion of these compounds are oligomeric hydroxycinnamic amide derived metabolites. Lignan- amides, a structurally diverse class of compounds possess both cyclic 1 and acyclic 2 structures many of which have been shown to regulate biological functions in both plants and microorganisms making them interesting lead discov- ery candidates for both pharmaceutical and agrochemical investigation. 3 As part of our present research into this class of compounds we required a rapid and flexible meth- od of preparing such compounds at various scales as an on-demand process. We also wished to avoid the need for extensive manual purification of the intermediates and final products within an expanded library format. Our vi- sion was that this could be achieved through an integrated sequential flow synthetic pathway employing immobi- lized reagents to mediate each individual transformation in the sequence. 4 Herein, we wish to report on the design and validation of an automated flow reactor capable of synthesizing gram quantities of compound that can also be used for the preparation of small focused libraries. A schematic of the flow reactor indicating its major components is shown in Figure 2. The system was designed in a modular fashion in order to permit the rapid alteration of its configuration and allow evolution of its functions.