Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Modulates 2 Distinct Neurocircuits

Current understanding of the neuromodulatory effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on large‐scale brain networks remains elusive, largely due to the lack of techniques that can reveal DBS‐induced activity at the whole‐brain level. Using a novel 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐compatible stimulator, we investigated whole‐brain effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease.
Violence and the Academic Lives of College Students at the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Sexual Orientation/Gender Identity

To ascertain whether sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) students at a Hispanic-serving institution who experience violence are more likely to experience interference with their academic lives when compared to heterosexual, cisgender students, and how this relationship differs by race/ethnicity. Data came from 736 undergraduate students at a university in the Southwestern United States responding to a 2017 Campus Climate Survey. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted on self-identified SGM students and reported interference with their academic lives. The model was also tested for effect modification by race/ethnicity. Two-thirds (67.65%) of SGM students reported four or more incidences of violence. Nearly one-fifth (18.83%) of SGM students reported being harassed, insulted, threatened, or intimidated, and 2.63% reported being physically hurt (including forced sex), because the perpetrator thought the individual might have been gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. SGM students had 2.44 (95% CI: 1.29, 4.61) increased odds of interference with academic life as a result of violence victimization compared with non-SGM students. When the model was evaluated for effect modification by race/ethnicity, large effect sizes were observed, although the results were not significant. SGM undergraduate students are at significantly increased risk of violence and interference with their academic lives. This research emphasizes the need for institutions of higher education to ensure that their policies and practices support equal access to education by SGM students. Additionally, this study contributes insights into a potential protective effect of Hispanic ethnicity that warrants further research.
Biophotonic technologies for assessment of breast tumor surgical margins—A review

Breast conserving surgery (BCS) offering similar surgical outcomes as mastectomy while retaining breast cosmesis is becoming increasingly popular for the management of early stage breast cancers. However, its association with reoperation rates of 20% to 40% following incomplete tumor removal warrants the need for a fast and accurate intraoperative surgical margin assessment tool that offers cellular, structural and molecular information of the whole specimen surface to a clinically relevant depth. Biophotonic technologies are evolving to qualify as such an intraoperative tool for clinical assessment of breast cancer surgical margins at the microscopic and macroscopic scale. Herein, we review the current research in the application of biophotonic technologies such as photoacoustic imaging, Raman spectroscopy, multimodal multiphoton imaging, diffuse optical imaging and fluorescence imaging using medically approved dyes for breast cancer detection and/or tumor subtype differentiation toward intraoperative assessment of surgical margins in BCS specimens, and possible challenges in their route to clinical translation.
Learning About the Effects of Alert Uncertainty in Attack and Defend Decisions via Cognitive Modeling

Objective We aim to learn about the cognitive mechanisms governing the decisions of attackers and defenders in cybersecurity involving intrusion detection systems (IDSs). Background Prior research has experimentally studied the role of the presence and accuracy of IDS alerts on attacker’s and defender’s decisions using a game-theoretic approach. However, little is known about the cognitive mechanisms that govern these decisions. Method To investigate the cognitive mechanisms governing the attacker’s and defender’s decisions in the presence of IDSs of different accuracies, instance-based learning (IBL) models were developed. One model (NIDS) disregarded the IDS alerts and one model (IDS) considered them in the instance structure. Both the IDS and NIDS models were trained in an existing dataset where IDSs were either absent or present and they possessed different accuracies. The calibrated IDS model was tested in a newly collected test dataset where IDSs were present 50% of the time and they possessed different accuracies. Results Both the IDS and NIDS models were able to account for human decisions in the training dataset, where IDS was absent or present and it possessed different accuracies. However, the IDS model could accurately predict the decision-making in only one of the several IDS accuracy conditions in the test dataset. Conclusions Cognitive models like IBL may provide some insights regarding the cognitive mechanisms governing the decisions of attackers and defenders in conditions not involving IDSs or IDSs of different accuracies. Application IBL models may be helpful for penetration testing exercises in scenarios involving IDSs of different accuracies.
Development and validation of a four-microRNA signature for placenta accreta spectrum: an integrated competing endogenous RNA network analysis

Background Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in modern obstetrics, however, few studies have explored the underlying molecular mechanisms and biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory RNA network contributing to PAS, comprising long non-coding (lnc), micro (mi), and messenger (m) RNAs, and identify biomarkers for the prediction of intraoperative blood volume loss. Methods Using RNA sequencing, we compared mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA expression profiles between five PAS and five normal placental tissues. Furthermore, the miRNA expression profiles in maternal plasma samples from ten PAS and ten control participants were assessed. The data and clinical information were analyzed using R language and GraphPad Prism 7 software. Results Upon comparing PAS and control placentas, we identified 8,806 lncRNAs, 128 miRNAs, and 1,788 mRNAs that were differentially expressed. Based on a lasso regression analysis and correlation predictions, we developed a competing endogenous (ce) RNA network comprising 20 lncRNAs, 4 miRNAs, and 19 mRNAs. This network implicated a reduced angiogenesis pathway in PAS, and correlation analyses indicated that two miRNAs (hsa-miR‐490-3p and hsa-miR-133a-3p) were positively correlated to operation-related blood volume loss. Conclusions We identified a ceRNA regulatory mechanism in PAS, and two miRNAs that may potentially serve as biomarkers of PAS prognosis.
The longitudinal association between externalizing behavior and frontoamygdalar resting‐state functional connectivity in late adolescence and young adulthood

Background Externalizing behavior has been attributed, in part, to decreased frontolimbic control over amygdala activation. However, little is known about developmental trajectories of frontoamygdalar functional connectivity and its relation to externalizing behavior. The present study addresses this gap by examining longitudinal associations between adolescent and adult externalizing behavior and amygdala–anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala–orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) resting‐state functional connectivity in a sample of 111 typically developing participants aged 11–23 at baseline. Methods Participants completed two‐to‐four data waves spaced approximately two years apart, resulting in a total of 309 data points. At each data wave, externalizing behavior was measured using the Externalizing Behavior Broadband Scale from the Achenbach Youth/Adult Self‐Report questionnaire. Resting‐state fMRI preprocessing was performed using FSL. Amygdala functional connectivity was examined using AFNI. The longitudinal association between externalizing behavior and amygdala–ACC/OFC functional connectivity was examined using linear mixed effect models in R. Results Externalizing behavior was associated with increased amygdala–ACC and amygdala–OFC resting‐state functional connectivity across adolescence and young adulthood. For amygdala–ACC connectivity, externalizing behavior at baseline primarily drove this association, whereas for amygdala–OFC functional connectivity, change in externalizing behavior relative to baseline drove the main effect of externalizing behavior on amygdala–OFC functional connectivity. No evidence was found for differential developmental trajectories of frontoamygdalar connectivity for different levels of externalizing behavior (i.e., age‐by‐externalizing behavior interaction effect). Conclusions Higher externalizing behavior is associated with increased resting‐state attunement between the amygdala and ACC/OFC, perhaps indicating a generally more vigilant state for neural networks important for emotional processing and control.
Adaptive fetal sex allocation in elk : Evidence and implications

Population managers of large ungulates often assume that approximately even numbers of male and female offspring are produced. In contrast, evolutionary theory predicts that maternal investment in polygynous mammals should depend on the relative resource status of the female in relation to sex-specific demands of the offspring (i.e., females should bias sex allocation depending on their body condition). Examination of elk (Cervus elaphus) reproductive tracts from Oregon revealed that fetal sex ratios vary with maternal body condition (kidney fat index [KFI] Females with low maternal body condition were more likely to produce daughters than females with high KFI levels. Adult females with high KFIs conceived earlier and produced significantly more sons than daughters in the first 2 weeks of the reproductive season than females with lower body condition. Because reproductive data from elk in Oregon support the hypothesis of adaptive sex ratios according to the Trivers and Willard hypothesis, I evaluated the effects of adaptive sex ratios on offspring production in a hypothetical elk population. Using the observed relations between body condition, pregnancy, and fetal sex ratio, I examined the effects of maternal body condition on the production of male and female offspring in a population. I used a gamma distribution to simulate different maternal body condition (KFI) distributions and estimated the resultant fetal sex ratios. These simulations indicated that equality of sex ratios in offspring is a rare occurrence and is limited to average environmental conditions. With increasing body condition in the herd, the model predicted that more sons were conceived and that fetal sex ratios increasingly deviated from unity. Fetal sex ratios from annual and regional samples in Oregon supported this result and were positively correlated with mean KFI at the population level. If females in populations at or near carrying capacity suffer from generally low body condition, intrauterine and neonatal mortality may further reduce the number of sons produced and produce a significant bias toward daughters. Thus, adaptive sex ratio adjustment in elk may have significant importance for elk population management and the production of males.
Sulfiredoxin‐1 is a promising novel prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma

Identifying novel prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and then, develop an effective individualized treatment strategy remain extremely warranted. The prognostic role of sulfiredoxin‐1(SRXN1), an antioxidant enzyme, remains unknown in HCC. This study aimed to explore the prognostic implications of SRXN1 in HCC patients after partial hepatectomy. The expression of SRXN1 in HCC and normal tissue were analyzed using the patients from the public databases and Zhongshan Hospital. The Cox regression, Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to identify the predictive role of SRXN1 expression on HCC patients. A prognostic nomogram based on SRXN1 expression was constructed and validated to further confirm the predictive power of SRXN1 as a prognostic biomarker. Finally, functional enrichment analysis and protein‐protein interaction network analysis of SRXN1 and its associated genes were conducted. The results showed that SRXN1 was upregulated in HCC samples compared with the normal liver tissues. Patients with SRXN1 upregulation had shorter survival time. SRXN1 overexpression was significantly correlated with advanced clinicopathological parameters. The prognostic nomogram based on SRXN1 expression was proved to be more accurate than routine staging systems for the prediction of overall survival. Protein‐protein interaction network analysis demonstrated the first neighbor genes of SRXN1 mainly participated in response to oxidative stress. In brief, SRXN1 could be a prognostic biomarker for the management of HCC.
Mouth occlusion pressure at 100ms (P0.1) as a respiratory biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abstract Introduction Airway pressure in the first 100ms of an occluded inspiration (P0.1) evaluates the respiratory center activity, increasing in the presence of respiratory muscle weakness. It is uncertain if its activity can compensate for respiratory muscles weakness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: Consecutive ALS patients with P0.1 evaluated at first visit were included. Depending on P0.1 percentile, patients were divided in three groups: G1 (<25th percentile); G2 (25th–74th percentiles); G3 (≥75th percentile); two subgroups were further considered: SG0 (<10th percentile); SG1 (>90th percentile). Body mass index (BMI), functional ALS rating scale and its subscores, respiratory function tests, including forced vital capacity, maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory pressures, percentage of P0.1 (%P0.1), blood gas analyses, phrenic nerve motor amplitude (MeanPhrenAmpl) were compared. P0.1/MIP and %P0.1 predictors were explored by linear and multinomial logistic regression analyses. p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: From the 497 patients included, 124 were in G1 and G3 each, 249 in G2, 49 in SG0 and SG1 each. G1 included more men, with higher BMI (p < 0.001). G3 had older women, with predominant bulbar phenotype (p < 0.001). Lower respiratory function (p < 0.05) was present in both groups. SG0 (%P0.1 < 51.73%, P0.1/MIP = 1.48 ± 1.02) had more spinal-onset men (p < 0.001) with lower MeanPhrenAmpl (p < 0.004). SG1 (P0.1 > 147.12, P0.1/MIP = 7.92 ± 4.62) predominantly included older patients (p = 0.033), women (p = 0.012), with lower MeanPhrenAmpl (p = 0.039). Discussion: ALS patients with respiratory failure can show high or low P01 values, related to phenotype. Possible central drive reactivity and exhaustion, and the role of respiratory-metabolic-renal buffering system should be further addressed.
Distribution Patterns of Tropical Estuarine Brachyuran Crabs in the Gulf of Mexico

ABSTRACT Distribution patterns are defined for 20 brachyuran crab species of Laguna de Terminos based on the range of salinity and the habitats occupied by each. Habitats include unvegetated soft substrates, macroalgae, and sea grasses. "Wide" and "restricted" distributions relate species abundance to a wide and a narrow salinity range, whereas "associated with the habitat" and "not associated with the habitat" consider the presence of a species in one or several types of habitat. Fourteen species were grouped in the restricted and associated with the habitat pattern, of which the 3 spider crabs and the 10 mud crabs were associated with submerged aquatic vegetation in salinities above 18‰, and the swimming crab Callinectes exasperatus was distributed in an adjacent limnetic lagoon on unvegetated soft substrates. The mud crab Dyspanopeus texanus was placed in the wide and associated with the habitat pattern, since it is a euryhaline species and was always found on macroalgae and sea grasses. Three other swimming crabs and two other mud crabs were found on all sorts of substrates along a wide range of salinity and were included in the wide and not associated with the habitat pattern. Six faunistic groups were formed after analysis of the abundance data, using an ordination method with axes defined by salinity and type of habitat. Four functional guilds of brachyuran crabs are proposed, based on the 3 distribution patterns, the 6 faunistic groups, and the 2 subsystems and 4 areas previously described for the lagoon. Guild A grouped 2 swimming crabs and 1 mud crab distributed along the areas of the lagoon directly influenced by river runoff, where detritus-rich unvegetated soft substrates and macroalgae are common. Guild B included: (1) the 3 spider crabs and most of the mud crabs of which seven restricted and associated with the habitat species congregated in the northcentral-northeastern subsystem of the lagoon, where the greatest heterogeneity of habitats, dense sea-grass beds and poly-euhaline environments, is common; (2) 5 restricted and associated with the habitat species mostly distributed in this subsystem were also collected in areas influenced by river runoff during the dry seasons when salinity was above 24‰; and (3) 2 wide and not associated with the habitat species were mostly found in this subsystem, but extended their distribution to areas without submerged vegetation and lower salinities. Guild C was represented by D. texanus, which was found throughout most of the lagoon on macroalgae and sea-grass beds. Guild D included Callinectes sapidus and C. similis that were distributed throughout the lagoon independently of a particular type of habitat.
Peritraumatic Pain in Child Sexual Abuse: Children’s Descriptions of Pain as Conveyed in Their Testimonies Following Child Sexual Abuse

The literature on child sexual abuse (CSA) has contributed significantly to the understanding of its characteristics, epidemiology, and consequences. Considerably less attention has been dedicated, however, to the subjective experiences of the abused children, and more specifically to their experiences of pain. The current study explored the way children perceive and describe pain during and shortly following incidents of sexual abuse. The sample was comprised of 35 transcripts of forensic interviews following alleged CSA. Thematic analysis of the children’s narratives identified three themes: (a) pain during the abusive incidents, described using words indicating its intensity and quality; (b) pain shortly after the abusive incidents, including weeks later, and (c) pain as embedded within the complex dynamic with perpetrator. The children struggled to localize the pain, mainly using words such as “inside” and “deep. ” Moreover, they testified that in the course of the abusive incidents, they were often silenced when trying to communicate their pain to the perpetrators. The children’s narratives provided us with a unique opportunity to learn about the pain not only during the abusive incidents but also following it. Additionally, children described suffering from pain in areas that were not directly injured during the CSA incidents, mainly referring to the head, abdomen and legs. The discussion addresses the potential intervening factors in peritraumatic CSA pain, as well as its potential links with chronic post-traumatic physical and mental morbidity. This study illuminates the necessity to address the complicated links between short- and long-term physical, emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal manifestations of CSA.
Factors Affecting Juvenile Survival in House Sparrow Passer domesticus

We studied how variation in different reproductive traits (hatching date, clutch number and clutch size) in addition to mass, size and condition of the fledgling influenced its probability of survival until recruitment in a House Sparrow population living on islands off the coast of northern Norway in 1993 and 1994. Twenty-three and 21% of the fledglings were recorded alive in the population the year after hatching, respectively. Most mortality occurred just after fledging. In both years larger-sized fledglings survived better than smaller ones. Juvenile survival was independent of clutch size. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that in both years juvenile survival increased with body size (expressed as tarsus length). In addition, in 1993 fledglings in high body condition survived better, whereas in 1994 hatching day explained a significant proportion of the variation in juvenile survival. However, this last year both body condition and size increased significantly with hatching date, suggesting that juvenile survival rate may have been dependent on body condition also in this year. These results demonstrate that losses of juveniles during the non-breeding season are strongly influenced by factors during the breeding season that affect the size and condition of the fledglings.
Beneficial Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Alpha-tocopherol on the Locomotor Functional Recovery of Spinal Cord Injured Rats

Aim: To examine the effects of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol on the locomotor functional recovery of rats with incomplete spinal cord injury. Methods: A total of 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats (180–200 g) were used. Seventy of them were subjected to spinal cord injury (SCI) and given various doses of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol as treatment for 84 days (12 weeks). The remaining 10 rats were used as a control (without SCI, untreated). Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and Tarlov scores were used to assess the locomotor recovery. Results: Compared with the baseline value, all the rat groups tested (i.e. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) showed gradual improvements in the BBB and Tarlov scores at the end of the first week. These improvements were sustained at all-time points until the completion of the trial period. Besides, Original Research Article Robert and Abdullah; BJMMR, 14(11): 1-10, 2016; Article no.BJMMR. 24533 2 when compared with disease control, positive improvements were observed in all the groups tested with respect to their BBB and Tarlov scores throughout the trial period. When the low-dose ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol groups were compared with the high-dose ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol groups, positive differences were observed in the BBB and Tarlov scores. When compared with the ascorbic acid treatment group significant additional improvements were observed in the alpha-tocopherol groups, especially in the high-dose alpha-tocopherol group. Conclusion: Administration of high-dose alpha-tocopherol enhances the SCI-induced locomotor functional recovery as it is more effective than the ascorbic acid.
Date of budburst of fifteen tree species in Britain following climatic warming

(1) The thermal times (T) (day 'C > 5 'C since 1 January) to vegetative budburst were measured on fifteen woody perennials in Britain after different durations of chilling (C) (number of days < 5 'C since 1 November). (2) Late-flushing species, like Fagus sylvatica, had high values of T, even after 145 chill days, and T increased greatly with decreased chilling. Early-flushing species, like Crataegus monogyna, had small values of T, which did not increase much until there were fewer than 80-100 chill days. (3) Relationships of the form T= a + b exp (r C) were fitted for each species, which were then classified into five groups. Past meteorological records were then used to estimate the mean dates of budburst of each group of species at Edinburgh (26 m altitude) and Braemar (339 m) with 0-3 'C uniform climatic warming. (4) Climatic warming did not markedly shift the date of budburst of any group of species at Edinburgh, so they flushed in warmer conditions and failed to exploit the earlier springs. However, at Braemar, the species with small thermal time and chilling requirements, like C. monogyna, flushed much earlier following climatic warming.