Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yeast cell surface display of linoleic acid isomerase from Propionibacterium acnes and its application for the production of trans‐10, cis‐12 conjugated linoleic acid

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a family of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid, has many health‐promoting properties. Different isomers of CLA may have very different physiological effects. In the current work, we explore the possibility to produce single isomer of CLA by using biocatalysis based on displayed biocatalysts on the yeast cell surfaces. A reporter system used to assess gene expression and protein distribution was established by combining the egfp gene to the N‐terminus of Propionibacterium acnes pai gene encoding the linoleic isomerase onto vector pYD1. After induction of the yeast strains containing pYD1::egfp::pai with galactose, strong green fluorescence was observed on the surface of cells, demonstrating that the fusion protein was successfully displayed. Using the engineered strains as whole‐cell biocatalyst, trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA was detected in the reaction mixture. To improve the biocatalytic potential of this system, the first 20 amino codons of pai were modified, and the catalytic reaction conditions were optimized. Optimization of the codon usage resulted in 35% increase of CLA production, and the maximum yield of CLA was observed within 20 H in the optimal conditions: pH 7.0, 4 mg/mL linoleic acid, 37 °C. The system established in the present work can guide the development of biocatalytic strategies to produce trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA single isomer.
A study of cysteine desulphydrase in certain insects.

An enzyme capable of liberating H2S from l-cysteine in vitro (cysteine desulphydrase) is present in insect tissues. The clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella Humm.) has a highly active desulphydrase apparently concentrated in the gut, whilst some other insects have little or no activity. Aqueous enzyme solutions from insects are unstable, their optimum pH ranges between pH 7·8 and 8·9, they are inhibited by NaCl and KN03 (both at 0·42M), and Asps, NaHS03 , and phenylhydrazine (all at 10-2M), but they are not affected by semicarbazide, thiourea, sodium pyrophosphate, or sodium fluoride (all at 1O-2M). KCN (10- 2M) activates clothes moth preparations, has no effect on those of carpet beetle, and inhibits some other insect enzymes.
An Overview of Online Oil Monitoring Technologies

Several new and exciting oil monitoring technologies have become commercially available over the past several years. This paper examines the mechanisms and capabilities of new and existing oil monitors. It discusses the motivations for oil monitoring and considerations for selecting a monitor. The increasing demands on the time and talent of today's utility engineer have continued to drive development of new tools to help automate the condition assessment of power transformers. The various maintenance philosophies, software tools, instruments and databases that have been developed over the past 20 years are centered around the notion that transformers should in some way be monitored. Transformer monitoring can mean any number of things, from hundreds of thousands of dollars of on-line instrumentation, to routine oil sampling and analysis, to merely periodically recording temperatures. An informal survey of several utilities found that most were willing to spend up to 5% of the cost of a transformer on monitoring equipment. On the purchase of a new multimillion dollar GSU or transmission unit, this can amount to an overwhelmingly complete set of instrumentation. In most cases however, and especially in retrofits, many utilities can't afford the time or expense of monitoring everything and are faced with the difficult decision of what to monitor where, when to start, and why.
Origins of DNA replication in the three domains of life

Replication of DNA is essential for the propagation of life. It is somewhat surprising then that, despite the vital nature of this process, cellular organisms show a great deal of variety in the mechanisms that they employ to ensure appropriate genome duplication. This diversity is manifested along classical evolutionary lines, with distinct combinations of replicon architecture and replication proteins being found in the three domains of life: the Bacteria, the Eukarya and the Archaea. Furthermore, although there are mechanistic parallels, even within a given domain of life, the way origins of replication are defined shows remarkable variation.
Core Loss Analysis of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines under SVPWM Excitation with Considering Saturation

Core loss is one of the significant factors affecting the high power density of permanent magnet machines; thus, it is necessary to consider core loss in machine design. This paper presents a novel method for calculating the core loss of permanent magnet synchronous machines under space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) excitation, taking magnetic saturation and cross coupling into account. In order to accurately obtain the direct and quadrature (d-q) axis, current in the given load condition, the permanent magnet motor model under SVPWM excitation has been modified, so as to consider the influence of magnetic saturation and cross coupling effects on the d-q axis flux-linkage. Based on the magnetic field distribution caused by permanent magnet and armature reactions, the stator core loss can be calculated with the core loss analytical model, corresponding to the rotational magnetic field. In this study, the method has been applied to analyze core loss in an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine, and has been validated by the experimental results. The influence of pole/slot number combinations on core loss in the same on-load condition is also investigated. This study provides a potential method to guide motor design optimization.
Research on English-Chinese Cross-Language Information Retrieval

With the rapidly growing amount of available information, an important issue arises of matching the user queries in one language against documents in another language, i.e. cross-language information retrieval (CLIR). Based on the work in CLIR evaluation task at the 9th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-9), an English-Chinese CLIR system has been established. In this system, English-Chinese query translation is adopted as the dominant strategy; English queries are used as translation objects, and English-Chinese machine readable dictionary is utilized as the important knowledge source to acquire correct translations. By combining constructed Chinese monolingual IR system, the complete English-Chinese CLIR process is successfully implemented.
Comments on "Quantifying hypoxia-induced chemoreceptor sensitivity in the awake rodent" by Morgan et al.

to the editor: In a recent issue of the Journal of Applied Physiology , Morgan et al. ([4][1]) presented a methodological paper for determination of hypoxic ventilatory response in awake rats ([4][1]). The method proposes to use the value of the oxygen or carbon dioxide equivalent ratio (Ve/Vo2
Analysis of the 677 C→T Mutation of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene in Different Ethnic Groups

Summary A recently described mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene (a C to T transition at nucleotide 677) is associated with a thermolabile phenotype and decreased enzyme activity. In homozygotes, the mutation is also related to hyperhomocysteinemia and increased risk for atherosclerotic disease and (apparently) venous thrombosis. The prevalence of this mutation in different human populations is unknown. We have investigated the frequency of the 677 C→T mutation in the MTHFR gene in 337 individuals (674 chromosomes) belonging to four ethnic groups: Whites, African and Brazilian Blacks, Asians and Amerindians. The frequencies of the positive allele among Whites and Asians were similar to those previously reported for Caucasian populations. The positive allele seems to be slightly rarer among the Amerindians (frequency 24.0%) in comparison to Whites and Asians, with a heterogeneous distribution among the five Indian tribes analysed. In contrast, the mutation has a very low prevalence in Blacks, especially among the African Blacks, for whom the mutation was absent in homozygosity. Our data indicate that the 677 C→T MTHFR mutation has a significantly heterogeneous distribution among different ethnic groups, a fact that may contribute to explain geographical or racial differences in the risk for vascular disease.
A probabilistic factorization algorithm with quadratic forms of negative discriminant

We propose a probabilistic algorithm for factorization of an integer N with run time (expVlog N log log N)V54 +? (1). Asymptotically, our algorithm will be as fast as the wellknown factorization algorithm of Morrison and Brillhart. The latter algorithm will fail in several cases and heuristic assumptions are needed for its run time analysis. Our new algorithm will be analyzed under the assumption of the Extended Riemann Hypothesis and it will be of Las Vegas type. On input N, the new algorithm will factor N with probability > 12 In case of prime N the algorithm will prove the primality of N with probability > 2 Introduction. Until the last decade, the centuries-old problem of factoring integers was mainly a problem for specialists. Worldwide interest in factoring integers increased dramatically in 1978, when Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman [32] published their public key cryptosystem, whose security relies on the fact that some large integers are hard to factor. Gauss [9] already discovered a close connection between the factorization of a natural number N and the theory of quadratic forms of discriminant 4N. Now, quadratic forms are one of the most important tools for factoring integers. Examples for efficient factorization algorithms are (among others) the algorithms of Morrison and Brillhart [26] and Lenstra and Schnorr [22]. The former works with the continued fraction expansion of FN (which is closely related to the theory of quadratic forms of discriminant 4N, see [20]) while the latter works with quadratic forms of discriminant 4N. At present, the most efficient factorization algorithm is the quadratic sieve algorithm, see [29], which can also be expressed in terms of quadratic forms. For an overview of modem factorization algorithms we refer to the papers of Guy [10], Monier [25], and Pomerance [29]. A deeper understanding of the theory of quadratic forms is of great importance for the analysis of modem factorization algorithms. In this paper we shall only deal with the theory of quadratic forms of negative discriminant, which is considerably more simple than the theory of forms of positive discriminants. Using this theory, we obtain a probabilistic factorization algorithm with run time (exp Vlog N log log N )V4 (in this paper we denote by log X the natural logarithm of X). We have 5/4 1.118. Received May 17, 1985; revised June 12, 1986. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 10A30, 68C25. )1987 American Mathematical Society 0025-5718/87 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
Increased cortical atrophy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: The risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increased in type 2 diabetes (DM2). This increased risk has been attributed to vascular comorbidity, but other mechanisms, such as accelerated ageing of the brain, have also been implicated. Objective: To determine whether AD in patients with DM2 is associated with an increased occurrence of vascular lesions in the brain, by increased cerebral atrophy, or a combination of both. Methods: In total, 29 patients with AD and DM2 and 58 patients with AD and without DM2 were included in the study. Clinical characteristics were recorded, and a neuropsychological examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan were performed. MRI scans were rated for cortical and subcortical atrophy, medial temporal lobe atrophy, white matter lesions, and infarcts. Results: The neuropsychological profiles of the two groups were identical. Patients with AD and DM2 had increased cortical atrophy on MRI (p<0.05) compared with the non-DM2 group. In addition, infarcts were more common (odds ratio 2.4; 95% CI 0.8 to 7.8), but this effect did not account for the increased atrophy. The other MR measures did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that non-vascular mechanisms, leading to increased cortical atrophy, are also involved in the increased risk of AD in DM2.
Microzooplankton Stoichiometric Plasticity Inferred from Modeling Mesocosm Experiments in the Peruvian Upwelling Region

Abstract Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are often characterised by nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratios far lower than the canonical Redfield ratio. Whereas the importance of variable stoichiometry in phytoplankton has long been recognised, variations in zooplankton stoichiometry have received much less attention. Here we combine observations from two shipboard mesocosm nutrient enrichment experiments with an optimality-based plankton ecosystem model, designed to elucidate the roles of different trophic levels and elemental stoichiometry. Pre-calibrated microzooplankton parameter sets represent foraging strategies of dinoflagellates and ciliates in our model. Our results suggest that remineralisation is largely driven by omnivorous ciliates and dinoflagellates, and highlight the importance of intraguild predation. We hypothesize that microzooplankton respond to changes in food quality in terms of nitrogen-to-carbon (N:C) ratios, rather than nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratios, by allowing variations in their phosphorus-to-carbon (P:C) ratio. Our results point towards an important biogeochemical role of flexible microzooplankton stoichiometry.
LOCAL SEMIPARAMETRIC EFFICIENCY BOUNDS UNDER SHAPE RESTRICTIONS

Consider the model y = x′β0 + f*(z) + ε, where ε [d over =] N(0, σ02). We calculate the smallest asymptotic variance that n1/2 consistent regular (n1/2CR) estimators of β0 can have when the only information we possess about f* is that it has a certain shape. We focus on three particular cases: (i) when f* is homogeneous of degree r, (ii) when f* is concave, (iii) when f* is decreasing. Our results show that in the class of all n1/2CR estimators of β0, homogeneity of f* may lead to substantial asymptotic efficiency gains in estimating β0. In contrast, at least asymptotically, concavity and monotonicity of f* do not help in estimating β0 more efficiently, at least for n1/2CR estimators of β0.
Evaluation of personal cloud storage products in China

The purpose of this paper is to compare and evaluate the personal cloud storage products (PCSPs) in China and find the gap among them for promoting their service level. There are five representative products including Baidu cloud, Tencent cloud, Qihoo 360-cloud, Kingsoft cloud and Huawei DBank. ,This study, first, extracts corresponding indicators based on the extant literature to evaluate PCSPs, and then collects the data about each index by investigation and the performance test, finally proposes a model to rank PCSPs, which applies analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the indexed weights and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution-grey relational analysis calculate evaluation score of each PCSP. ,Among them, Qihoo 360-cloud gets the highest evaluation score contributed by large space, file editing and fast transmission speed. The rest are Kingsoft cloud, Baidu cloud, Huawei DBank and Tencent cloud in order. These storage products are all want of the addition or improvement of the online editing service similar as Google Docs. ,AHP method is subjective, some of the data is incomplete, and some accidental error and systematic error exist in the actual testing process. ,The findings can assist users in selecting more suitable products and offer cloud storage providers (CSPs) a general direction of improving their product performance. ,Contributing to improve the overall level of the cloud storage services in China. ,The study perfects the evaluation index system of the PCSP and fills the research gap in studying PCSPs in China, and expands the application field of the multiple criteria decision-making problems. This evaluation process and results have implied that CSPs in China should provide good services of large capacity, cooperation and security with the good internet environment of economical, high and stable speed by institutions and internet access providers.
Multi-sensor image registration based on geometric affine invariant

A new automatic feature-based registration algorithm of multi-sensor images with affine deformation is presented. The gray scale discrepancy between corresponding pixels and complex geometric deformation are two challenges in the problem of multi-sensor image registration, which make the design of robust feature descriptor very difficult. In the proposed method, the intersections of extracted line segments from both images are used as the feature points, due to their good robustness against gray scale discrepancy. In contrast to most existing feature-based methods that describe feature points directly, we first construct a new feature, named feature segment, based on the feature points, and then describe each feature segment with a descriptor. The additional procedure of feature segment construction enables us to introduce an algebraic affine invariant into the design of feature descriptor. By doing these, the proposed algorithm's robustness to both affine deformation and gray scale discrepancy can be guaranteed. In addition, since the calculation of feature descriptors only involves simple algebraic operations, the proposed method has low computational load. Experimental results using real multi-sensor image pairs are presented to show the merits of the proposed method.
4 Tabu Search for Model Selection 4 . 1 Tabu Search Metaheuristic

In order to select the best SVM model for a specific machine learning task, a comparative study of SVM models is presented in this paper. We investigate the case of learning handwritten Arabic characters and we make use of tabu search metaheuristic in order to scan a large space of SVM models including multi-class scheme (one-against-one or one-against-all), SVM kernel function and kernel parameters. These parameters have a great influence on final performance of the classifier and also on computation time. This work has involved the creation of a complete offline system for learning handwritten Arabic characters, generating a corpus of 4840 Arabic characters in their different positions (beginning, middle, end and isolated). Based on some theoretical interpretations and simulation results, the effect of SVM model on prediction rate and CPU time is discussed. Key-Words: Character recognition, handwritten Arabic character recognition, Support Vector Machines, model selection, tabu search.
Leifsonia psychrotolerans sp. nov., a psychrotolerant species of the family Microbacteriaceae from Livingston Island, Antarctica.

A cold-tolerant, yellow-pigmented, Gram-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, LI1(T), was isolated from a moss-covered soil from Livingston Island, Antarctica, near the Bulgarian station St. Kliment Ohridski. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed the strain in a clade with the species Leifsonia kafniensis KFC-22(T), Leifsonia pindariensis PON10(T) and Leifsonia antarctica SPC-20(T), with which it showed sequence similarities of 99.0, 97.9 and 97.9 %, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a reassociation value of 2.7 % with L. kafniensis LMG 24362(T). The DNA G+C content of strain LI1(T) was 64.5 mol%. The growth temperature range was -6 to 28 °C, with optimum growth at 16 °C. Growth occurred in 0-5 % NaCl and at pH 4.5-9.5, with optimum growth in 1-2 % NaCl and at pH 5.5-6.5. The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(18 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0). The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Physiological and biochemical tests clearly differentiated strain LI1(T) from L. kafniensis. Therefore, a novel cold-tolerant species within the genus Leifsonia is proposed: Leifsonia psychrotolerans sp. nov. (type strain LI1(T) = DSM 22824(T) = NCCB 100313(T)).
MORPHOLOGY OF TALAR ARTICULAR FACETS OF CALCANEUS AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Introduction: The middle third of the superior surface of calcaneus carries the posterior talar facet, oval and convex antero-posteriorly, for articulation with body of talus. Morphology of the facies articularis talaris of calcaneus plays an important role in statics and dynamics of the foot. This study was undertaken to introduce quantitative parameters in description of talar articular facets of calcaneus. Methods: Material for the study comprised of 200 dry (100 right, and 100 left) adult calcanei of unknown age and sex. They were obtained by maceration from cadavers in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India. Each calcaneum was examined for various patterns of articulating facets for talus. The data were compared with earlier studies. Results: Type I calcanei were most common (72.5%). Type II calcanei were 25.5%. Sub-type A was found in 10.5% cases, and Sub-type B were found in 15 cases. Sub-type C was not found in the present study. Type III calcanei was 1.5%, and Type IV were 0.5%. Conclusion: Configurations of articular facets influence sub-talar joint stability. Joints with two-facet configuration are comparatively more stable. This fact necessitates modifications of the surgical techniques for performing calcaneal osteotomy.
Analysis of refill liquids for electronic cigarettes.

AIMS To assess levels of nicotine, nicotine degradation products and some specific impurities in commercial refill liquids for electronic cigarettes. DESIGN AND SETTING We analyzed 20 models of 10 of the most popular brands of refill liquids, using gas and liquid chromatography. MEASUREMENTS We assessed nicotine content, content of the known nicotine degradation products and impurities, and presence of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. FINDINGS The nicotine content in the bottles corresponded closely to the labels on the bottles. The levels of nicotine degradation products represented 0-4.4% of those for nicotine, but for most samples the level was 1-2%. Cis-N-oxide, trans-N-oxide, myosmine, anatabine and anabasine were the most common additional compounds found. Neither ethylene glycol nor diethylene glycol were detected. CONCLUSION The nicotine content of electronic cigarette refill bottles is close to what is stated on the label. Impurities are detectable in several brands above the level set for nicotine products in the European Pharmacopoeia, but below the level where they would be likely to cause harm.