Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on Cache Replacement Strategies in Named Data Network

Named Data Network (NDN) architecture is one of the newest and future-aspired Internet communication systems. Video-on-Demand (VoD) has rapidly emerged as a popular online service. However, it is costly, considering its high bandwidth and popularity. Internet on-demand video traffic has been growing quite fast, and on-demand video streaming has gained much attention. The problem of this study is that the NDN architecture is processing several forms of online video requests simultaneously. However, limited cache and multiple buffering of requested videos result in loss of data packet as a consequence of the congestion in the cache storage network. Addressing this problem is essential as congestion cause network instability. This work emphasizes on the review of cache replacement strategies to deal with the congestion issue in Named Data Networks (NDN) during the VoD delivery in order to determine the performance (strengths and weaknesses) of the cache replacement strategies. Finally, this study proposes the replacement strategies must be enhanced with a new strategy that depends on popularity and priority regarding the congestion. This study would positively benefits both suppliers and users of Internet videos.
Mapping of host-parasite-microbiome interactions reveals metabolic determinants of tropism and tolerance in Chagas disease

Chemical cartography of experimental gastrointestinal Chagas disease identifies previously-unknown mechanisms of disease tolerance. Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi protozoa, presenting with cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus, and/or megacolon. To determine the mechanisms of gastrointestinal (GI) CD tissue tropism, we systematically characterized the spatial localization of infection-induced metabolic and microbiome alterations, in a mouse model of CD. Notably, the impact of the transition between acute and persistent infection differed between tissue sites, with sustained large-scale effects of infection in the esophagus and large intestine, providing a potential mechanism for the tropism of CD within the GI tract. Infection affected acylcarnitine metabolism; carnitine supplementation prevented acute-stage CD mortality without affecting parasite burden by mitigating infection-induced metabolic disturbances and reducing cardiac strain. Overall, results identified a previously-unknown mechanism of disease tolerance in CD, with potential for new therapeutic regimen development. More broadly, results highlight the potential of spatially resolved metabolomics to provide insight into disease pathogenesis and infectious disease drug development.
Treatment of psoriasis with NFKBIZ siRNA using topical ionic liquid formulations

A method is reported using ionic liquids for topical delivery of siRNA into skin for the treatment of psoriasis. Systemic antibodies targeting tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) are effective in plaque psoriasis. Despite their popularity, safety concerns pose a challenge for systemic biologics. While anti–TNF-α and anti–IL-17A antibodies effectively inhibit respective proteins, we hypothesize that an approach based on local silencing of an upstream target such as NFKBIZ can be advantageous for treating psoriasis. However, effective delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) into the skin is a substantial hurdle due to skin’s barrier function and poor stability of siRNA. Using ionic liquids as an enabling technology, we report on the effective delivery of NFKBIZ siRNA into the skin and its therapeutic efficacy in a psoriasis model. Treatment with IL-siRNA suppressed aberrant gene expression and resulted in down-regulation of psoriasis-related signals including TNF-α and IL-17A. These results provide a framework for a topical delivery platform for siRNA.
When ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny: Fixed neurodevelopmental sequence of manipulative skills among primates

The strictly cumulative emergence of manipulative skills in primates constrains the evolution of complex technology. Neural development is highly conserved across distantly related species of different brain sizes. Here, we show that the development of manipulative complexity is equally cumulative across 36 primate species and also that its ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. Furthermore, larger-brained species reach their adult skill levels later than smaller-brained ones, largely because they start later with the simplest techniques. These findings demonstrate that these motor behaviors are not modular and that their slow development may constrain their evolution. Complex foraging techniques therefore critically require a slow life history with low mortality, which explains the limited taxonomic distribution of flexible tool use and the unique elaboration of human technology.
Content-based features predict social media influence operations

Coordinated political influence operations leave a distinct signature in content that machine learning can detect. We study how easy it is to distinguish influence operations from organic social media activity by assessing the performance of a platform-agnostic machine learning approach. Our method uses public activity to detect content that is part of coordinated influence operations based on human-interpretable features derived solely from content. We test this method on publicly available Twitter data on Chinese, Russian, and Venezuelan troll activity targeting the United States, as well as the Reddit dataset of Russian influence efforts. To assess how well content-based features distinguish these influence operations from random samples of general and political American users, we train and test classifiers on a monthly basis for each campaign across five prediction tasks. Content-based features perform well across period, country, platform, and prediction task. Industrialized production of influence campaign content leaves a distinctive signal in user-generated content that allows tracking of campaigns from month to month and across different accounts.
Prognostic and Predictive Value of a Long Non-coding RNA Signature in Glioma: A lncRNA Expression Analysis

The current histologically based grading system for glioma does not accurately predict which patients will have better outcomes or benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. We proposed that combining the expression profiles of multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) into a single model could improve prediction accuracy. We included 1,094 glioma patients from three different datasets. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model, we built a multiple-lncRNA-based classifier on the basis of a training set. The predictive and prognostic accuracy of the classifier was validated using an internal test set and two external independent sets. Using this classifier, we classified patients in the training set into high- or low-risk groups with significantly different overall survival (OS, HR = 8.42, 95% CI = 4.99–14.2, p < 0.0001). The prognostic power of the classifier was then assessed in the other sets. The classifier was an independent prognostic factor and had better prognostic value than clinicopathological risk factors. The patients in the high-risk group were found to have a favorable response to adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.25–0.64, p < 0.0001). We built a nomogram that integrated the 10-lncRNA-based classifier and four clinicopathological risk factors to predict 3 and 5 year OS. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) showed that pathways related to tumorigenesis, undifferentiated cancer, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition were enriched in the high-risk groups. Our classifier built on 10-lncRNAs is a reliable prognostic and predictive tool for OS in glioma patients and could predict which patients would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
First Evidence of Acyl-Hydrolase/Lipase Activity From Human Probiotic Bacteria: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium longum NCC 2705

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and Bifidobacterium longum NCC 2705 are among the most studied probiotics. However, the first evidence of acyl hydrolase/lipase of two annotated proteins, one in each genome of these strains, is reported in this work. Signal peptide analysis has predicted that these proteins are exported to the extracellular medium. Both proteins were produced in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized. Molecular masses (without signal peptides) were 27 and 52.3 kDa for the proteins of L. rhamnosus and B. longum, respectively. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation analysis has shown that both proteins are present as monomers in their native forms at pH 7. Both have shown enzymatic activity on pNP-laurate at pH 7 and 37°C. The enzyme from L. rhamnosus was characterized deeper, showing preference on pNP-esters with short chain fatty acids. In addition, a computational model of the 3D structure has allowed the prediction of the catalytic amino acids. The enzymatic activities using synthetic substrates were very low for both enzymes. The investigation of natural substrates and biological functions of these enzymes is still open.
Breeding-related seasonal changes in immunocompetence, health state and condition of the cyprinid fish, Rutilus rutilus, L.

Seasonal changes in immunocompetence are predicted by the hypothesized trade-off between reproduction and self-maintenance, whereby immune function is a measure of self-maintenance and reproductive effort is seasonally dependent. We examined seasonal patterns in immunological, haematological and body condition parameters for male and female freshwater fish. In two different populations, the relative size of the spleen and the chemotaxic migration activity of head kidney granulocytes decreased immediately before and after spawning, respectively. Those decreases were accompanied by an increase in haematocrit values shortly before and after spawning in both populations and a decrease in the relative body weight in one population, possibly due to physiological stress caused by increased activity during the spawning period. Breeding-related changes in other measures studied (phagocytosis activity of head kidney granulocytes, blood IgM concentration, white cell count and red cell count) were absent or inconsistent. Some of the results are in line with the idea of a trade-off between reproduction and immune defence. The present data suggest that the differential responses of the immune system may have different temporal patterns, which should be taken into account in immunoecological studies. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 78, 117−127.
Discovery of Selenocysteine as a Potential Nanomedicine Promotes Cartilage Regeneration With Enhanced Immune Response by Text Mining and Biomedical Databases

Background Unlike bone tissue, little progress has been made regarding cartilage regeneration, and many challenges remain. Furthermore, the key roles of cartilage lesion caused by traumas, focal lesion, or articular overstress remain unclear. Traumatic injuries to the meniscus as well as its degeneration are important risk factors for long-term joint dysfunction, degenerative joint lesions, and knee osteoarthritis (OA) a chronic joint disease characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and hyperosteogeny. Nearly 50% of the individuals with meniscus injuries develop OA over time. Due to the limited inherent self-repair capacity of cartilage lesion, the Biomaterial drug-nanomedicine is considered to be a promising alternative. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the gene potential regeneration mechanisms and discover novel precise medication, which are identified through this study to investigate their function and role in pathogenesis. Methods We downloaded the mRNA microarray statistics GSE117999, involving paired cartilage lesion tissue samples from 12 OA patients and 12 patients from a control group. First, we analyzed these statistics to recognize the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We then exposed the gene ontology (GO) annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses for these DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were then constructed, from which we attained eight significant genes after a functional interaction analysis. Finally, we identified a potential nanomedicine attained from this assay set, using a wide range of inhibitor information archived in the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. Results Sixty-six DEGs were identified with our standards for meaning (adjusted P-value < 0.01, |log2 - FC| ≥1.2). Furthermore, we identified eight hub genes and one potential nanomedicine - Selenocysteine based on these integrative data. Conclusion We identified eight hub genes that could work as prospective biomarkers for the diagnostic and biomaterial drug treatment of cartilage lesion, involving the novel genes CAMP, DEFA3, TOLLIP, HLA-DQA2, SLC38A6, SLC3A1, FAM20A, and ANO8. Meanwhile, these genes were mainly associated with immune response, immune mediator induction, and cell chemotaxis. Significant support is provided for obtaining a series of novel gene targets, and we identify potential mechanisms for cartilage regeneration and final nanomedicine immunotherapy in regenerative medicine.
Functional Characterization of the 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase Genes in Morus notabilis

Terpenoids are considered to be the largest group of secondary metabolites and natural products. Studies have revealed 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathway, which produces isopentenyl diphosphate and its isoform dimethylallyl diphosphate as terpenoid biosynthesis precursors. Mulberry (Morus L.) is an economically and ecologically important perennial tree with diverse secondary metabolites, including terpenoids that protect plants against bacteria and insects and may be useful for treating human diseases. However, there has been relatively little research regarding DXS genes in mulberry and other woody plant species. In this study, we cloned and functionally characterized three Morus notabilis DXS genes (MnDXS1, MnDXS2A, and MnDXS2B). Bioinformatics analyses indicated MnDXS1 belongs to clade 1, whereas MnDXS2A and MnDXS2B are in clade 2. The three encoded MnDXS proteins are localized to chloroplasts. Additionally, substantial differences in MnDXS expression patterns were observed in diverse tissues and in response to insect feeding and methyl jasmonate treatment. Moreover, overexpression of MnDXS1 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the gibberellic acid content and resulted in early flowering, whereas overexpression of MnDXS2A enhanced root growth and increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Our findings indicate that MnDXS functions vary among the clades, which may be useful for further elucidation of the functions of the DXS genes in mulberry.
SETD5 Gene Haploinsufficiency in Three Patients With Suspected KBG Syndrome

Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs), also named chromatin modifying disorders, are a broad group of neurodevelopmental disorders, caused by mutations in functionally related chromatin genes. Mental retardation autosomal dominant 23 (MRD23) syndrome, due to SETD5 gene mutations, falls into this group of disorders. KBG syndrome, caused by ANKRD11 gene haploinsufficiency, is a chromatin related syndrome not formally belonging to this category. We performed high resolution array CGH and trio-based WES on three molecularly unsolved patients with an initial KBGS clinical diagnosis. A de novo deletion of 116 kb partially involving SETD5 and two de novo frameshift variants in SETD5 were identified in the patients. The clinical re-evaluation of the patients was consistent with the molecular findings, though still compatible with KBGS due to overlapping phenotypic features of KBGS and MRD23. Careful detailed expert phenotyping ascertained some facial and physical features that were consistent with MRD23 rather than KBGS. Our results provide further examples that loss-of-function pathogenic variants in genes encoding factors shaping the epigenetic landscape, lead to a wide phenotypic range with significant clinical overlap. We recommend that clinicians consider SETD5 gene haploinsufficiency in the differential diagnosis of KBGS. Due to overlap of clinical features, careful and detailed phenotyping is important and a large gene panel approach is recommended in the diagnostic workup of patients with a clinical suspicion of KBGS.
Thalidomide for the Treatment of Thrombocytopenia and Hypersplenism in Patients With Cirrhosis or Thalassemia

Hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia are common complications of liver cirrhosis or thalassemia, but current treatment strategies are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in the treatment of hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis or thalassemia. A total of 31 patients with hepatic cirrhosis (n=19) or thalassemia (n=12) diagnosed with hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia (platelet count [PLT] <100×109/L) were included in this prospective cohort study between January 2015 and May 2017. Patients were treated with thalidomide (150–200 mg/d) plus conventional therapy. Spleen length, PLT, leukocyte count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and hemoglobin level (Hb) were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Any adverse events were noted. All of the 31 patients were showed a progressive increase PLT during the 12-month follow-up, and similar results were obtained when subgroup analyses were performed based on the primary disease (cirrhosis or thalassemia). WBC, ANC, and Hb also increased progressively during the 12-month follow-up. Spleen length decreased progressively during the follow-up. No serious adverse events occurred. Thalidomide is a potential treatment for thrombocytopenia caused by hypersplenism in patients with cirrhosis or thalassemia.
Topic Specificity and Antecedents for Preservice Biology Teachers’ Anticipated Enjoyment for Teaching About Socioscientific Issues: Investigating Universal Values and Psychological Distance

Enjoyment for teaching represents one of the most frequently reported teaching emotions and positively affects student outcomes. Therefore, researchers and teacher educators need to understand its nature and underlying appraisal processes to prepare motivated teachers as part of initial teacher education. Using cross-sectional questionnaire data from 189 German biology preservice teachers (73.5% female, meanage = 23.45 years, SDage = 3.71 years), we empirically tested the topic-specific structure and antecedents of participants’ anticipated enjoyment for teaching. We adapted the established Teacher Emotion Scale to measure preservice teachers’ trait-based enjoyment for teaching by reframing the items with the environmental socioscientific issues of the return of wild wolves and climate change and the health socioscientific issue of preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the best fit of a topic-specific model. We also found different correlations for the anticipated enjoyment for teaching about the issues, but no significant differences in means. Concerning further topic-specific antecedents, the environmentally oriented basic value of universalism predicted the anticipated enjoyment for teaching about the return of wolves, and the socially oriented universal value of benevolence predicted the anticipated enjoyment for teaching about preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Both values inconsistently predicted the anticipated enjoyment for teaching about climate change. While this is in line with the complex nature of this socioscientific issue, psychological distance was a predictor for the anticipated enjoyment for teaching about every topic. While these effects remained stable when controlling for demographic variables, male participants showed a higher anticipated enjoyment for teaching about wolves and about climate change, and female preservice teachers for teaching about preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Further studies are needed to investigate if the results can be transferred to in-service teachers or to other teaching emotions. Furthermore, future studies could examine effects on other factors relevant to teaching emotions such as reactions to student behavior, which have been described as central for the causation of teaching emotions in prior studies (i.e., “reciprocal model of teaching emotions”). The present study stimulates such new studies and adds important knowledge to the understanding of topic specificity and topic-specific antecedents of anticipated enjoyment for teaching, which are relevant for teacher education and professional development.
Alexithymia and the Evaluation of Emotionally Valenced Scenes

Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulties identifying and describing feelings (DIF and DDF) and an externally oriented thinking (EOT) style. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate links between alexithymia and the evaluation of emotional scenes. We also investigated whether viewers’ evaluations of emotional scenes were better predicted by specific alexithymic traits or by individual differences in sensory processing sensitivity (SPS). Participants (N = 106) completed measures of alexithymia and SPS along with a task requiring speeded judgments of the pleasantness of 120 moderately arousing scenes. We did not replicate laterality effects previously described with the scene perception task. Compared to those with weak alexithymic traits, individuals with moderate-to-strong alexithymic traits were less likely to classify positively valenced scenes as pleasant and were less likely to classify scenes with (vs. without) implied motion (IM) in a way that was consistent with normative scene valence ratings. In addition, regression analyses confirmed that reporting strong EOT and a tendency to be easily overwhelmed by busy sensory environments negatively predicted classification accuracy for positive scenes, and that both DDF and EOT negatively predicted classification accuracy for scenes depicting IM. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for stimulus characteristics and individual differences in specific traits associated with alexithymia and SPS when investigating the processing of emotional stimuli. Learning more about the links between these individual difference variables may have significant clinical implications, given that alexithymia is an important, transdiagnostic risk factor for a wide range of psychopathologies.