Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Chloride and Potassium Nutrition on Seed Yield of Annual Canarygrass

The year-to-year variability of seed yield in annual canarygrass ( Phalaris canariensis L.) is a major concern among growers. A field experiment was conducted at 13 site-years across Saskatchewan to determine the response of annual canarygrass seed yield to K and Cl, and to provide better recommendations to producers on the use of KCl fertilizer in annual canarygrass based on soil test results. Potassium did not affect the yield or development of annual canarygrass over a range of 155 to 717 kg K ha -1 in the top 15 cm of soil. Chloride had a large impact on annual canarygrass seed yield; seed yield increased by approximately 24% when Cl was added in the form of KCl or CaCl 2 when averaged across all sites. The seed yield increased because the application of Cl increased panicle size (seeds panicle -1 ). The magnitude of the response tended to increase as level of Cl in the soil decreased. Annual canarygrass growers need to measure Cl when using soil tests to determine fertilizer requirements. It is recommended that 9.1 kg Cl ha -1 in the form of 20 kg ha -1 of KCl be applied when the Cl level in the surface soil (0-15 cm) is below 70 kg Cl ha -1 . The findings encourage growers to conduct individual field test strips to determine the strength of the Cl response.
Uncovering and Informing Preservice Teachers' Prior Knowledge about Poverty.

This study explored 30 preservice teachers’ knowledge on issues related to poverty. In an openended questionnaire, preservice teachers’ perceptions of poverty and how teachers should respond to students from poverty were explored. Results indicated that preservice teachers’ knowledge was nonspecific and lacked focus on the relationship among poverty, schools, and students. These results indicate a need for us as teacher educators to provide preservice teachers with (a) specific details about realities of poverty, (b) opportunities to discuss and observe the relationship among poverty, teachers, and schools, and (c) examples of children and families from poverty who have positive attributes.
Improved estimate of global dust radiative forcing using a coupled chemical transport-radiative transfer model

In this study, by online coupling the GEOS-Chem global three-dimensional chemical transport model (3-D CTM) with the Fu-Liou-Gu (FLG) radiative transfer code, the more realistic dust vertical profiles can be directly provided to FLG besides the “climatological” one (i.e., FLG vertical profile). And then the authors fully investigated the important roles of vertical profiles in the dust direct radiative forcings and heating rates, along with the differences between these two dust vertical profiles. They found out that using the GEOS-Chem vertical profile can reflect the differences of vertical structure of AOD between dust and non-dust source regions, while this is missed if the FLG vertical profile is used. The obvious differences in radiative forcings and heating rates due to different dust vertical profiles used emphasize the importance of vertical
New version of the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT off‐line chemical transport model: Intercomparison of stratospheric tracer experiments

We describe the development of a new three‐dimensional off‐line chemical transport model (CTM). The CTM has been produced by combining the existing, and closely related, TOMCAT and SLIMCAT models. The new CTM (TOMCAT/SLIMCAT) has a flexible vertical coordinate which can use both σ‐p and σ‐θ levels. A novel approach is used for the σ‐θ coordinate to ensure a smooth transition between levels. The CTM has different options for calculating vertical transport in the stratosphere, depending on the coordinate chosen. The CTM also has different options for other processes such as advection scheme, radiation scheme and meteorological forcing.
Are Video Games Art

In this paper I argue that by any major definition of art many modern video games should be considered art. Rather than defining art and defending video games based on a single contentious definition, I offer reasons for thinking that video games can be art according to historical, aesthetic, institutional, representational and expressive theories of art. Overall, I argue that while many video games probably should not be considered art, there are good reasons to think that some video games should be classified as art, and that the debates concerning the artistic status of chess and sports offer some insights into the status of video games.
Effects of defoliation and nitrogen uptake on forage nutritive values of Pennisetum Sp

In semiarid regions, the increasing cost of imported forage is encouraging its replacement by on-farm produced fodder crops. The aim of this study was to characterize the nutritive values of maralfalfa grass (Pennisetum sp.) in function of different harvest frequencies under subsurface drip irrigation. During 2009 a maralfalfa grass experiment was conducted in a field of 8000 m on allophanic soils in the island of Hierro (Canary Islands), under subtropical climate. In a randomized block design, one linear meter from three different rows was sampled of plants from 30 to 120 days. In a 50 m subplot, biodegraded liquid pig manure was applied. Crude Protein (CP) in plants was determined with and without it. Another objective was to calculate N uptake which was added by manure and, the N depletion in soil in organic farming production. The results showed that the optimum age for harvesting was 55-60 days and also allowed to obtain relationships between CP and the age of the plant. Our results demonstrate that, in order to obtain high yields of maralfalfa by organic farming, the maximum animal residue use of 240 kg N ha year recommended by the European Community Directive 91/676/EEC should be increased.
Direct stenting does not impair the expansion of endoprotheses . An intravascular ultrasound study

Background: It has been proved that extensively calcified hard plaques affect stent expansion and geometry. The aims of the study were: 1) to compare the acute results of direct stent implantation with stenting with predilatation; and 2) to verify whether the extent of plaque calcification influences stent expansion and geometry. Material and methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients who underwent elective coronary stenting. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the stenting technique adopted: Group 1 included 35 patients in whom direct stenting was performed, while Group 2 consisted of 30 patients in whom stenting followed by balloon angioplasty was performed. Serial 3-D intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) reconstructions were performed before and after stenting. Reproducible arterial landmarks were used to identify the same arterial segments in serial studies. The external elastic membrane area (EEMA), lumen area (LA), plaque area (PA) and calcific arc were measured at 1 mm intervals throughout the entire stent length. Results: There were no differences between the groups regarding baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics. The mean baseline arc of calcium obtained in all the cross-sections analysed was 81.7 ± 66.4° in Group 1 and 88.8 ± 79.2° in Group 2 (p = NS). No differences between the two groups were observed as regards IVUS LA, PA and EEMA variations after stenting. There were no differences in LA increase between Group 1 and Group 2, although we found LA increase was significantly limited in the cross-sections with the greatest calcific content (a calcific arc greater than 180°) in both groups in comparison with the non-calcified lesions. Conclusions: Direct stenting does not limit the expansion of the endoprotheses. The adequacy and geometry of stent expansion are highly dependent on the IVUS value of lesion calcification. (Folia Cardiol. 2004; 11: 277–283) key words: intravascular ultrasound, stent, coronary heart disease
The Mutated Acetolactate Synthase Gene from Rice as a Non-Antibiotic Selection Marker for Transformation of Bamboo Cells

Previously, we developed a particle bombardment-mediated transformation protocol in Phyllostachys nigra bamboo by expressing hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (HPT) and neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (NPT II). Although these marker genes could introduce to several tissue cultured organs (e.g. leaves, buds, and calli) of Phyllostachs bamboo species, some organs showed a high susceptibility and/or a low selectivity to hygromycin and kanamycin. In this report, therefore, we describe advantages and technical details for generating stable transgenic bamboo cells using the particle bombardment method with the mutated-acetolactate synthase gene (mALS) from rice (W548L/S627IOsALS) as a non-antibiotic selection marker. A facile and efficient transformation was achieved with the mALS gene and enhanced fluorescent protein gene (mCherry). Approximately 490 and 1400 mCherry-expressing cells/dish/shot in average were observed in both P. bambusoides and P. nigra under fluorescent stereo-microscope. Stable transgenic bamboo cell lines were generated in a selection medium supplemented with 0.1 μM of bispyribac-sodium (BS) as ALS inhibitor. The integration of mALS gene was identified by in vivo ALS enzyme assay and a PCR-restriction fragment length polymerphism (RFLP) based detection procedures.
A risk assessment based proactive management strategy for aquatic weeds in New Zealand

Aquatic weeds are notoriously difficult to manage once established. This paper discusses a range of proactive management actions undertaken by regulatory authorities based on the assessment of risk posed by those organisms using the Aquatic Weed Risk Assessment Model (AWRAM). AWRAM scores potential risk characters such as habitat range, ability to displace other species, seed and vegetative propagule output, dispersal mechanisms, potential economic and environmental impacts, potential distribution and ease of control. Species with the largest sum of risk character scores are regarded as the worst potential aquatic weeds and AWRAM provides a decision support tool for management agencies. Management actions include prevention of deliberate introduction into New Zealand and subsequent spread within that country, as well as eradication programs targeting high-impact, low-incidence aquatic weeds species. Progress to date has been the exclusion from sale and distribution of 29 potential aquatic weeds and the ban from importation of a further 10 species. Current regulations have effectively ceased legal importation of aquatic plants into New Zealand, but evidence of illegal importation provides concern. Six freshwater weeds have been eradicated nationally and central and regional government agencies have initiated eradication programs for a further 13 aquatic weeds, with additional species managed in this way at a regional or island level. These proactive management activities are effective methods to achieve elimination or reduction of both propagule and colonization pressure of high-risk aquatic weeds, thereby reducing the likelihood of those species becoming widespread problems in the future.
Characterization of Exact Lumpability of Smooth Dynamics on Manifolds

We characterize the exact lumpability of nonlinear differential equations on smooth manifolds. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for lumpability and express them from four different perspectives, thus simplifying and generalizing various results from the literature that exist for Euclidean spaces. The conditions are formulated in terms of the differential of the lumping map, its Lie derivative, and their respective kernels. Two examples are discussed to illustrate the theory. PACS numbers: 02.30. Hq, 02.30. Ik, 02.30. Yy AMS classification scheme numbers: 34C40, 34C20, 34A05, 37J15
Multimedia and Computer-Based Instructional Software: Evaluation Methods.

Testing and evaluation are important components of effective instructional software development. Many evaluation approaches today are multifaceted, employing a combination of methodologies and multiple data collection techniques. In this paper, several approaches to evaluation are discussed. Computerized tracking systems, videotape recording techniques, and verbal protocol analysis are presented as means by which to conduct more direct comprehensive evaluations of multimedia and hypermedia learning environments, as well as for observing learners' information processing. Results from inquiries that have employed these approaches are discussed, and their potential to affect the study of learners" cognitive processes is reviewed. Information is also provided on cognitive information processing and knowledge construction. Three tables illustrate concepts. (Contains 19 references.) (MAS)
Numerical Study of the b-Ξ Flame Wrinkling Combustion Model in Oracles Test Rig

Numerical modeling of premixed combustion is important for a wide range of machines and systems focusing on compliance with the increasing pollutants reduction requirements. However good industrial numerical combustion models need a practical requiring, in this way, a balance between speed and accuracy. The flamelet models are suitable for this purpose providing a decoupling of the reactive and fluid dynamic problems, and an important model of this family is the b-Ξ flame surface wrinkling model. A specially challenging experiment to test this combustion model is the ORACLES test rig whose two independent parallel inlet channels consistently influence the turbulent combustion, injecting fuel and oxydizer at different equivalence ratios. The b-Ξ flamelet combustion model is known by the sensibility to numerical schemes and boundary conditions and, based on this, the present study proposes to investigate the coupling with the important SST k-ω turbulence model and achieve good balance among accuracy, boundedness, stability and efficiency using the ORACLES experiment.
Overcoming Zero Lower Bound on Interest Rate without any Inflation or Inflationary Expectations

There is a widespread view that inflation or inflationary expectations are the only way to overcome the zero lower bound on interest rate. This article shows that this is not true. It is shown that a tax-subsidy scheme can be used to overcome the zero lower bound on interest rate—without any inflation or inflationary expectations. A simple ‘old’ Keynesian model is used though the treatment is novel and in-depth. The article ends with a discussion that suggests that the ‘non-inflation solution’ is superior to the ‘inflation solution’ under some conditions. JEL Classification: E31m E43, E63. The difficulty lies, not in the new ideas, but in escaping from the old ones … . (John Maynard Keynes, 1936)
Aligning through divergence

This document presents a bilingual phrase-based alignment method handling syntactic constituents (sub-sentential components) of parallel sentences. The method rely on an asymmetrical parsing of both languages: Light part-of-speech tagging for the target language, syntactic tree building for the 'source' language and the complexity of each is studied. The models and methods can be seen as a subclass of Example Based Machine Translation.
Robust response of Asian summer monsoon to anthropogenic aerosols in CMIP5 models

The representation of aerosol processes and the skill in simulating the Asian summer monsoon vary widely across climate models. Yet, for the second half of the twentieth century, the models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) show a robust decrease of average precipitation in the South and Southeast Asian (SSEA) continental region due to the increase of anthropogenic aerosols. When taking into account anthropogenic aerosols as well as greenhouse gases (GHGs), the 15 CMIP5 models considered in this study yield an average June–September precipitation least squares linear trend of −0.20 ± 0.20 mmd−1 (50 years)−1, or −2.9%, for all land points in the SSEA region (taken from 75 to 120°E and 5 to 30°N) in the years from 1950 to 1999 (multimodel average ± one standard deviation) in spite of an increase in the water vapor path of +0.99 ± 0.65 kgm−2 (50 years)−1 (+2.5%). This negative precipitation trend differs markedly from the positive precipitation trend of +0.29 ± 0.14 mmd−1 (50 years)−1, or +4.1%, which is computed for GHG forcing only. Taking into account aerosols both decreases the water vapor path and slows down the monsoon circulation as suggested by several previous studies. At smaller scales, however, internal variability makes attributing observed precipitation changes to anthropogenic aerosols more difficult. Over Northern Central India (NCI), the spread between precipitation trends from individual model realizations is generally comparable in magnitude to simulated changes due to aerosols, and the model results suggest that the observed drying in NCI might in part be explained by internal variability.
Study on Hemolytical and Antimicrobial Action of Poisonous Mushrooms Lectins of Amanita virosa Secr . and Mycena pura / Fr . / Kumm

Aim.The aim of the present article was to study hemolytical and antimicrobical action of two new lectins obtained from the fruit bodies of poisonous basidial mushrooms A. virosa Secr. and M. pura /Fr. / Kumm. Methods. To study hemolytical action of lectins the human and animal erythrocytes were used. The experiments on osmotic protection of erythrocytes were performed in the presence of polyethylenglycols of different molecular mass (in a range from 400 to 4000 Da). Antimicrobical activity of lectins was studied by determination of growth delay area of cultures of different microorganisms on the Petri dish in agar medium. Results. Both lectins hemolyse the erythrocytes of rabbit, human, rat and dog and do not hemolyse the erythrocytes of cow and ship at concentration of 1 mg/ml. The rabbit erythrocytes are the most sensitive to hemolytical action of lectins, the hemolytic ability of lectin from A. virosa is the highest. Hemolysis was not observed in the presence of PEG with the molecular mass over 1,350 Da. Action of lectins on 10 types of microorganisms has been investigated. Basically, lectins inhibited growth of gram-positive microorganisms and Proteus (gram-negative microflora). For the most tested microorganisms, the antimicrobial action of Mycena lectin is stronger as compared with A.virosa lectin. Conclusions. Two new hemolytical lectins from the fruit bodies of mushrooms-basidiomycetes have been found. These lectins form ion-permeable pores in erythrocyte membranes with the hydrodynamic diameter smaller than 2.3 nm and larger than 1.6 nm. Above mentioned lectins also display antimicrobial activity and by the sum of these features are similar to the cytolytic lectins from lower invertebrates.
Plume‐lithosphere interaction beneath a fast moving plate

Two‐dimensional numerical simulations of mantle convection with temperature and pressure dependent viscosity are used to study plume–lithosphere interaction beneath a fast moving plate. Plumes behavior and, hence, their erosional and melting potential, depend on the Rayleigh number and plume buoyancy flux. Analysis of the balance between large‐scale and plume‐induced flow and of the ability of the plume to melt allows to put bounds on the upper mantle viscosity (1020, 1021 Pas), on the plumes diameter (<200 km) and temperature anomaly (200–400°C). Within this range of parameters, strongly time‐dependent small‐scale instabilities form in the plume‐lithosphere boundary layer. They lead to thermal rejuvenation of the lithosphere downstream from the plume. The 1200°C isotherm is raised by up to 30km, but the 800°C isotherm is hardly moved, leading to a steep transient geotherm at the base of the plate.
Understanding Management Concepts through Development of their Tool Box: The case of total quality management

Abstract This paper offers an alternative approach to defining the management concept. The proposed methodology relies on the identification of tools supporting the given concept. The author assumed that the identification of tools’ evolution gives clearer insights into circumstances of constant development of—by its nature—a more general concept. The tools’ classification resembles a phylogenic tree and is based on the idea of an affinity diagram. To provide the proof for such reasoning, the total quality management (TQM) concept was chosen. This proposition can be useful for better understanding origins and the development of management thought. It clarifies relationships among methods constituting frameworks of quality management.
Application of Project Management Information Systems in Efficiency Improvement of Quality Management System

Project management information systems (PMIS) and quality management system (QMS) are two components in the project oriented organization that helps to achieve required quality of the project product. QMS define quality framework and PMIS helps to ensure quality framework requirement related to the projects. The objective of paper is to evaluate and demonstrate PMIS options for efficiency QMS development and maintenance. QMS requirements are identified according to ISO 9001:2008 standard and PMIS options of efficiency improvement are evaluated according to ISO 9004:2009 self-assessment tool.
Occurrence and molecular analysis of quarantine virus in lily cultivation areas in Brazil

The objective of this work was to describe the occurrence of quarantine Tulip breaking virus (TBV, synonym Lily mottle virus – LMoV) and Lily symptomless virus (LSV), and their respective molecular analyses, to provide data for supporting TBV removal from the Brazilian A1 quarantine pest list, since this virus has spread among the main commercial lily crops in Brazil. The occurrence of these viruses was detected in 12 cultivation areas through multiplex reverse transcription (RT‑PCR), using specific primers to genes encoding the respective coat proteins (CP). Eight fragments of 800 nucleotides (nt) obtained from the LMoV‑infected lilies and nine fragments of 600 nt from LSV‑infected lilies were sequenced. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction showed a robust branch containing the LMoV Brazilian sequences, other LMoV isolates, TBV, and Tulip band breaking virus , suggesting that all are LMoV isolates, although they are clustered into two subgroups. Phylogenetic analysis also showed a robust branch supporting all Brazilian and other LSV sequences, except for an LSV Japanese isolate. Recombination analyses also showed an LMoV recombinant isolate, whereas no recombination events were found among LSV isolates. Lily mottle virus is the prevalent virus in lily crops in Brazil, in single and mixed infections with LSV or Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV).
Beyond folding and gathering: museums attending to the new materiality

Museums are attending to matters of technique in relation to objects and exhibitions suggesting a new or renewed interest in creative practice and how objects are made. This focus parallels practices and changes occurring in broader society. In this article I argue that a rise in attending to technique extends what various theorists have referred to as the ‘material turn’ in a dimension that underscores creative process and making. I do so by exploring two recent exhibitions, one in Israel and another in Australia, which have brought the notion of technique into focus through the context of textiles and other materials such as paper, porcelain, wood and metal. Through their emphasis on ‘gathering’ and ‘folding’, the construction of textiles and other forms are accentuated for public exploration, fostering new understandings of technique. Conclusions are drawn connecting museum contexts with that of broader society in reference to making, the role of the hand, and craft processes.