Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE MARKET PRICE OF CREDIT RISK: An Empirical Analysis of Interest Rate Swap Spreads

This paper studies the market price of credit risk incorporated into one of the most important credit spreads in the ﬁ nancial markets: interest-rate swap spreads. Our approach consists of jointly modeling the swap and Treasury term structures using a four-factor a ﬃ ne credit framework and estimating the parameters by maximum likelihood. We solve for the implied special ﬁ nancing rate for Treasury bonds and ﬁ nd that the liquidity component of on-the-run bond prices can be very signi ﬁ cant. We show that most of the variation in swap spreads is driven by changes in the liquidity of Treasury bonds rather than changes in default risk. We ﬁ nd that there are positive credit premia in swap spreads on average. These premia, however, vary signi ﬁ cantly over time and were negative for much of the 1 990s. Since the hedge-fund crisis of 1 998, credit premia have become positive and are currently at historical highs. the swap spread to include both default-risk and liquidity components and to be correlated with interest rates. In addition, our speci ﬁ cation allows market prices of risk to vary over time to re ﬂ ect the possibility that the willingness of investors to bear credit and liquidity risk may change. Using an approach motivated by Dai and Singleton (2000a), we estimate the parameters of the model by maximum likelihood. The data for the study consist of an extensive set of rates spanning nearly
OP-JUEL210028 1..9

While some species thrive in urban areas, many are absent from such environments. Those that are successful often have high behavioural flexibility that allows them to exploit new niches in a human-modified landscape. Northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) is an endangered bat species rarely identified in urban areas, though it is unclear whether this is due to absence or difficulties in surveying. We investigated the ecology of a population of northern myotis within Canada’s largest conurbation, including reproductive status, roosting preference, and movements. Using capture surveys, we confirmed the presence of reproductive females and healthy juveniles over two seasons. Using radio telemetry and acoustic surveys, we identified a cluster of tree roosts in the centre of the forest, and foraging areas concentrated around waterways within the bounds of the forest. These observations suggest the roosting and movement ecology of this population is similar to that observed for this species in rural environments, despite the urban surroundings. Our results suggest that northern myotis is not a synurbic species but can occur within urbanized environments when suitable habitat is available. We suggest that large forest patches with mature, interior forest cover are likely to be an important resource for northern myotis, and they will be vulnerable to the loss or fragmentation of these features in rapidly urbanizing landscapes. These findings are highly relevant to the ecology and preservation of northern myotis and present a case for greater consideration of this species in urban forests.
Magnetic‐equivalent‐circuit approach for inter‐turn and demagnetisation faults analysis in surface mounted permanent‐magnet synchronous machines using pole specific search‐coil technique

Magnetic-equivalent-circuit model for surface mounted permanent-magnet synchronous machines in both healthy and faulty cases is presented in this study, where both saturation effect and space harmonics are considered. Pole numbers, magnets and slot numbers can be chosen arbitrarily in the proposed model, and the behavior of the machine can be studied under various kinds of faults by a single model. Demagnetization, as well as inter-turn short short-circuit faults of the stator windings, are modelled, and a fault detection method is proposed. It is shown that the demagnetization fault is not detectible by stator current analysis, therefore an additional pole specific coil is considered in this study as a search coil. For modelling, the differential equations representing the electrical part of the PMSM model are converted into an algebraic type using the well-known trapezoidal technique and are solved simultaneously together with the non-linear magnetic equations using the Newton-Raphson method. It is shown that the presented model in this study is capable of effective modelling of the healthy and faulty machine under mentioned faults by a single model, thus reducing the computational complexity of the model. The effectiveness of the proposed MEC model is verified using finite-element method via Maxwell software.
DEVELOPMENT OF MACHINE FOR EXTRACTING SISAL FIBER

Filed experiments were carried out to manufacture an extraction machine from locally available materials suitable for extracting sisal fibers and evaluate its performance under field conditions. The extraction machine (decorticator) performance was conducted under four extracting drum speeds of 7.85, 12.57, 17.28 and 22 m/sec. , Three clearances between the knives and the feeding drum of 4, 7and 10 mm, three feeding drum speeds of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 m/sec and three different knife number of 2, 3 and 4. Extraction machine (decorticator) performance was evaluated in terms of machine productivity and efficiency, specific energy and operating cost. The experimental results recommended to use the developed machine under the following condition: extracting drum speed of 22 m/sec. , clearance of 7 mm, feeding speed of 0.15m/s and 3 knives.
The genetic diversity and phenotypic associations of feline 1 caliciviruses from cats in Switzerland 2

23 Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common viral pathogen in domestic cats worldwide. The 24 variable regions of the capsid (VP1) gene of FCV have one of the highest recorded 25 rates of molecular evolution. Understanding the genetic diversity and phylogeny of 26 FCV is a prerequisite to exploring the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this virus and 27 to the development of efficacious vaccine strategies. In this study, we undertook a 28 nationwide molecular characterization of FCV using for the first time nearly complete 29 capsid (VP1) gene sequences. Sequences from 66 FCV samples were used to 30 investigate the correlation between viral phylogeny and several traits, including 31 geographic origin, signalment, husbandry, FCV vaccination, and co-infections. Codon- 32 based nucleotide alignment showed that individual nucleotides and their corresponding 33 amino acid sites were either invariant or highly variable. Using a threshold of 20% 34 genetic distance in variable region E, FCV samples were grouped into 52 strains, 10 35 of which comprised 2 to 3 samples. Significant associations between FCV phylogeny 36 and host characteristics were found, specifically the pedigree status of the cats, and 37 two well-supported lineages were identified in which the current FCV strain definition 38 was confounded. No correlation between viral genetic distances and geographic 39 distances was evident. The greater resolution of the FCV phylogeny in this study 40 compared to previous studies can be attributed to our use of more conserved regions 41 of the capsid (VP1) gene; nonetheless, our results were still hampered by sequence 42 saturation. The study highlights the need for whole genome sequences for FCV 43 phylogeny studies.
EVALUATING EFFECTIVENESS OF MOBILE BROWSER SECURITY WARNINGS

This work precisely evaluates whether browser security warnings are as ineffective as proposed by popular sentiments and past writings. This research used different kinds of Android mobile browsers as well as desktop browsers to evaluate security warnings. Security experts and developers should give emphasis on making a user aware of security warnings and should not neglect aim of communicating this to users. Security experts and system architects should emphasis the goal of communicating security information to end users. In most of the browsers, security warnings are not emphasized, and browsers simply do not show warnings, or there are a number of ways to hide those warnings of malicious sites. This work precisely finds that how inconsistent browsers really are in prompting security warnings. In particular, majority of the modern mobile web browsers are vulnerable to these security threats. We find inconsistency in SSL warnings among web browsers. Based on this work, we make recommendations for warning designers and researchers.
Prebiotic efficiency of custard apple seeds

- A comprehensive study on the seeds of custard apple was done to identify innate prebiotic potential. Among the different components of seeds, low molecular weight carbohydrates are good substrates for growth of probiotics as they are likely to have prebiotic activity. The high amount of crude fiber (28g/100g) identified from the proximate analysis of the seed was selected for further testing and analyses. The seeds were found to contain 9.6g/100g low molecular weight sugars, 23.26g / 100g soluble dietary fiber and 54.43g / 100g insoluble dietary fiber. These promising components were isolated, purified and tested in vitro . Prebiotic activity score was calculated to evaluate the prebiotic efficiency of the selected components. PAS were 1.91 for the soluble fiber fraction, 0.63 for the insoluble fiber fraction and 0.19 for the LMWC.
Adopting green practices in the freight transport and logistics sector: The case of Northern Greece

Over the last decade, the EU supports the concept of green freight transport and logistics by promoting various policies and strategies (e.g. co-modality) as a means for a greener approach to logistics operations. Indeed, EU adopted recently a comprehensive strategy (Transport 2050) for a competitive transport and logistics system that will increase mobility, remove major barriers in key areas, and reduce Europe's CO 2 emissions in transport by 60% by 2050. Subsequently, many companies from the transport and logistics sector in the EU have also started to adopt new methods to reduce logistics costs and become more environmental friendly. To this end, the aim of this paper is to investigate the current status and future trends on green practices adoption in 34 transport and logistics companies that operate in Northern Greece. The discussion examines the circumstances of success in green logistics operations and strategic effects resulting from the implementation and use of such practices. The results are encouraging showing that Greek transport and logistics operators have already realized the need for greener logistics, however due to the economic crisis they hesitate to invest towards environmental friendly operations and request from the state to provide economic incentives.
Early warning model of recurrence site for breast cancer rehabilitation patients based on adaptive mesh optimization XGBoost

Objective: Breast cancer is a malignant disease with a high mortality rate. Using postoperative rehabilitation data of breast cancer patients, this study explored the effects of immune, tumor, microenvironmental, psychological, nutritional, aerobic exercise and advanced work indexes on the rehabilitation of breast cancer patients. To determine the weight of the impact of different indications on cancer recovery. By combining the adaptive grid optimization algorithm with the XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) algorithm, an intelligent prediction model for breast cancer rehabilitation was constructed using patients indexes as input and the recurrence location as the output. Our results showed that the model constructed in this study could effectively predict cancer cell metastasis during breast cancer recurrence in recovered patients. Compared with artificial intelligence algorithm models such as neural network algorithm, support vector machine algorithm, gradient boosting tree algorithm and Adaboost, the model demonstrated a forecast accuracy rate of >93%. The model established in this study could effectively predict the recurrence position of breast cancer and provide an auxiliary reference for doctors to treat breast cancer patients more effectively.
Warping Behavior of Open and Closed Thin-Walled Sections with Restrained Torsion

—The behavior of warping torsion of thin-walled members of open and closed cross sections is studied using the classical theories presented by Timoshenko and Benscoter. Based on their studies, the axial shear displacement modes and torsional warping functions are determined. In addition, the warping behavior of thin-walled sections of a bar with a nonuniform warping including the effects of torsion and shear forces using the governing equation for torsion are considered for different section types. Warping is extensively applied to different types of thin-walled steel cross section subjected to concentrated torsional loading, and to the most general torsional boundary conditions, by considering both torsional warping and shear deformation effects (primary shear deformation due to Saint-Venant torsion and secondary shear deformation due to restrained torsion). Warping functions indicate the non-plane warping deformations of thin-walled cross sections and sections with warping functions can warp, and normal stresses and strains from torsion (bi-moment) are proportional to the sectorial coordinate diagrams. Finally, the effects of warping on the open and closed thin-walled beams with restrained torsion are investigated, and it is shown that torsional warping is included as exceptional cases of deformations.
Relation between Drinking and Smoking to Academic Performance

We aim to examine the relationship between smoking and drinking behaviors on academic performance of college students. Our data comes from Harvard School of Public Health survey on alcohol and drug use among college students conducted in 2001. We apply a structural equation model to construct latent factors for drinking and smoking behavior, and explore their relationship to GPA with adjusting the potential effects from Greek life and other background such as gender and race. Our result suggests heavy use of alcohol/cigarette may relate to worse academic performance, and use of alcohol and cigarette is positively correlated. In addition, active participation in Greek life may influence the academic performance though drinking and smoking.
Effective temperatures of cool metal‐poor stars derived from the analysis of 3D Balmer lines

Balmer lines are recognized as accurate indicators of the effective temperature of late‐type stars. The influence of convection on the shape of Balmer line profiles has been investigated using LTE 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres and ‘classical’ LTE 1D stellar atmospheres, where convection is modeled within the simplistic picture of mixing‐length theory. Models and line profiles computed with the CO5BOLD and Linfor3D codes have been used to determine the effective temperatures of the Sun and three well known metal‐poor stars HD84937, HD74000, and HD140283. Our 3D fit provides the best fit thus far for the solar Hα temperature using the Barklem theory. The resulting (3D‐1D) Teff biases related to the different treatment of convection in the 1D and 3D models are presented.
Statistical approach for predicting genome architecture and the major challenges

Genome engineering assumes an urgent part in quality guidelines. The utilization of high-throughput techniques for chromatin profiling and 3-D association planning gives rich exploratory informational collections depicting genome association and elements. This information challenge improvement of new models and calculations associating genome design with epigenetic marks. In this survey, we depict how chromatin design could be reproduced from epigenetic information utilizing biophysical or measurable methodologies. We talk about the pertinence and limits of these techniques for understanding the components of chromatin association. We likewise feature the development of new prescient methodologies for scoring impacts of underlying varieties in human cells.
Reciprocal inuences between maternal language and children's language and cognitive development in low-income families

We examined reciprocal associations between early maternal language use and children’s language and cognitive development in seventy ethnically diverse, low-income families. Mother–child dyads were videotaped when children were aged 2;0 and 3;0. Video transcripts were analyzed for quantity and lexical diversity of maternal and child language. Child cognitive development was assessed at both ages and child receptive vocabulary was assessed at age 3;0. Maternal language related to children’s lexical diversity at each age, and maternal language at age 2;0, was associated with children’s receptive vocabulary and cognitive development at age 3;0. Furthermore, children’s cognitive development at age 2;0 was associated with maternal language at age 3;0 controlling for maternal language at age 2;0, suggesting bi-directionality in mother–child associations. The quantity and
BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENS

The plant diseases can be treated by chemical fertilizers, and may effective against disease causing agent. But the use of chemical fertilizers may lead to cause accumulation of residue. For controlling the spread and severity of a range of crop diseases, fluorescent pseudomonads are currently considered as the most effective bacteria. Fluorescent pseudomonads enhance the plant growth parameters. All the biological properties made the way for the use of secondary metabolites from pseudomonads as bio-control agents in agriculture. Total 24 bacterial and 4 fungal plant pathogens were obtained from infected parts of different plants for this study. Four species of Pseudomonas were isolated from rhizosphere soil of various plants, one from departmental laboratory and one from MCC- NCCS, Pune. The ability of six Pseudomonas species to produce secondary metabolites namely the iron-chelating agent (siderophore), volatiles (HCN) and antibiotic (Phenazine-1-carbixylic acid) acid pigmented compounds (Fluorescein and pyocyanin) and plant growth promoting hormone(IAA) were studied. Extraction and purification of metabolites was performed using TLC and liquid-liquid extraction with various solvents, quantitation of some extracted products estimated colorimetrically. All the extracted metabolites were assayed for antimicrobial and antifungal activity against isolated plant pathogens. Statistical comparison of results were done. Pseudomonas of phytopathogens, Extraction of secondary metabolites from Pseudomonas species, Effect of secondary metabolites on phytopathogens, Antibacterial activity and Antifungal activity.
Investigating the Effect of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training on the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Awareness Level of Nursing Students in Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch

: Introduction: Training has an integral role in the execution of cardiopulmonary resuscitation principles. Not only does it assure nurses in the acquisition of cardiopulmonary knowledge, but also is effective in the settlement of what is learned. This study aimed to determine the effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on nursing students in Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch using a lecturing method and with the aid of question and answer. Methodology: This study was a quasi-experimental type of research in which 79 nursing students were trained by the conventional lecturing method with the aid of slides, and question and answer. The test for investigating their knowledge level was presented before and after the training. A researcher-made questionnaire comprising 16 items was employed for the pre- and posttest. To analyze the data, the SPSS, version 23, software was utilized and the value of P was considered significant at p<0.05. Results: The students’ performance in the pre-and posttest was 18.46±6.20 and 23.25±4.94, respectively. The comparison of means before and after the training revealed a significant difference. Thus, using this method was effective in the promotion of the students’ knowledge level. Discussion: Concerning the present deficits and financial problems, it seems that the lecturing method with the use of question and answer is ever influential in learning as well as promoting the cognitive domains of nursing students. Conclusion: Contrary to the presence of modern methods in student training, it seems that the conventional lecturing method is continuously effective in Iran, and, particularly, in regions where it is impossible to use modern training methods .
The Sewol Ferry Disaster: Application of the Contextual Model of Family Stress(CMFS) in South Korean Contexts

The aim of this study is to apply the Contextual Model of Family Stress (CMFS) to describing family stress caused by the Sewol ferry disaster and aftermath across various families in the context of South Korea. The study focused on four categories of families: families of the deceased, families of the missing, families of survivors, and general families. The external context surrounding these families continuously changed after the occurrence of the ferry disaster, and the study attempted to advance the CMFS for understanding family stress management after a catastrophic event with an emphasis on time.
ANALYSIS ON APRIORI ALGORITHM BY APPLYING CORRELATION THRESHOLD ON MARKET BASKET

: - Frequent item set mining becomes a challenging job in the field of data mining where each algorithm introduced in the past has their own advantages and disadvantages. Frequent item set and creating association rules becomes important in transactional data where we are going to represent data that contains a set of entries where each entry composes of items, from where based on the support and confidence parameters we need to create strong association rules which can be recommended to the higher officials for better decision making of the organization. We propose a new approach to classical Apriori algorithm by adding correlation threshold approach which is capable of producing more frequent item sets in lesser time by having a single scan to the entire transaction data by eliminating infrequent items from the data we are able to produce even strong association rules as compared to existing Apriori algorithm. By using probabilistic arrays along with Correlation approach, we prove our proposed approach is better than the classical approach of finding frequent item sets and finally to find most interesting items we are going to apply association rule mining.