Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PURE FORM AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

Objective: Three simple, sensitive, accurate, and precise spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of Alzheimer’s disease drug memantine HCl (MEM) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. Methods: The method was based on the formation of charge transfer complex between MEM as n-electron donor and various π-acceptors quinalizarin (Quinz) in methanol, p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in acetonitrile as chromogenic reagents which showed an absorption maximum at 558, 532 and 840 nm using Quinz, p-CA and TCNQ, respectively. The optimization of the reaction conditions such as the type of solvent, reagent concentration and reaction time were investigated. Results: Under the optimum conditions, beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 4.0–24, 10–160 and 5.0–50 μg/mlusing Quinz, p-CA and TCNQ, respectively with good correlation coefficient (r2 ≥ 0.9995) and with a relative standard deviation (RSD% ≤ 1.11). For more accurate analysis, Ringbom optimum concentration ranges were found to be between 8.0–20, 15–140 and 10–45 μg/ml using Quinz, p-CA and TCNQ, respectively. The limits of detection were found to be 1.2, 2.70 and 1.45 µg/ml and the limits of quantification were found to be 4.0, 9.0 and 4.83 µg/ml for Quinz, p-CA and TCNQ, respectively. A Job's plot of the absorbance versus the molar ratio of MEM to each of the acceptors under consideration indicated (1:1) ratio. Conclusion: The methods were successfully applied to the determination of MEM in its pharmaceutical formulations and the validity assessed by applying the standard addition technique. Results obtained by the proposed methods for the pure MEM and commercial tablets agreed well with those obtained by the reported method.
EVALUATION OF THE TRANSLUCENCY AND THE EFFECT OF TRIBOCHEMICAL SILICA COATING ON THE BOND STRENGHT OF ULTRA TRANSLUSCENT ZIRCONIA (IN VITRO STUDY)

INTRODUCTION: Zirconia restorations present long-term clinical survival. Their low translucency makes them esthetically less than lithium disilicate (e.max CAD). The newly introduced ultra-translucent (UT) zirconia blocks improved the aesthetic problems of esthetic restorations. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the translucency of UT zirconia restorations and to assess the effect of tribochemical silica coating (TSC) on its bond strength (BS) to the resin cement, using lithium disilicate as control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty four disc-shaped specimens were fabricated and subjected to two main tests which were translucency test and shear bond strength test. Translucency groups: the specimens (10×0.5mm (n=20)) were divided into UTZT (ultra translusent zirconia) and LDT (lithium disilicate). Shear bond strength groups (SBST), specimens (5mm x 4mm (n=24)) were divided into UTZAA (ultra translusent zirconia treated by air abrasion), UTZSC (ultra translusent zirconia treated by TSC) and LDS ( lithium disilicate that was etched and silanated). RESULTS: Translucency results showed p value <0.001 which indicated higher translucency for the lithium disilicate than UT Zirconia. For SBST the results showed that, (UTZSC) provided the heighest mean BS (22.73 ± 3.91) followed by (LDS) (18.18 ± 1.56) and finally (UTZAA) provided the least BS (13.39 ± 4.31). CONCLUSIONS: Within the constraints of this study, UT zirconia showed less translucency than lithium disilicate. The use of silica coating improved the BS of zirconia.
Political Populism, Institutional Distrust and Vaccination Uptake: A Mediation Analysis

Politics is ubiquitous in public health, but vaccines had never been weaponized to instill distrust to gain political advantage. In pandemic and post-pandemic scenarios, populist political parties could use vaccine-related issues to generate distrust in evidence-based knowledge. Therefore, some questions arise. What impact could populist political parties impinge on vaccination uptake rates through sowing political discontent? What could the medical institutions do to avoid the adverse effects that these political strategies could infringe? For answering these research questions, we first hypothesized that vaccine uptake was negatively associated with distrust in the institutions. Furthermore, we analyzed whether populism mediates this relationship. In doing so, we hypothesized a positive association between distrust and populism, because populists, mainly fueled by politically discontent citizens, offer hope of a better future, blaming their misfortune on the actions of the elite. Additionally, we hypothesized that those citizens with a higher level of political dissatisfaction, following the claims of the populist political parties, will have lower vaccine uptake results, because they will be discouraged from making the efforts to counter the pandemic. Based on a survey carried out by the European Commission that covered 27 E.U. + U.K. countries (totaling 27,524 respondents), this paper proves that an individual’s political discontent fully mediates the relationship between distrust in institutions and vaccine uptake. Targeting the vaccine-hesitant population is quite convenient for populists because they only need to convince a minority of citizens not to be vaccinated to achieve their destabilizing goals. New outbreaks will appear if the minimum herd immunity coverage is not reached, reinforcing a vicious circle of distrust in elites, in consequence. For tackling this matter, recommendations are given to institutional managers from a social marketing standpoint.
Observations on Predation in Paranthura japonica Richardson, 1909 (Isopoda: Cymothoida: Paranthuridae)

Although isopods in Anthuroidea are predators, there is little information on their predatory behavior. In this study, we investigated predation by the paranthurid Paranthura japonica, which was originally described from northern Japan but has recently been reported as an invasive alien species in western America and Europe. Six crustacean species (two isopods, two amphipods, and two tanaidaceans, one of which does not co-occur with P. japonica in the wild) and one pycnogonid species were used as prey candidates in our experiments. Paranthura japonica preyed on all candidate species except the pycnogonid, grasping them with its falciform pereopods, inserting its piercing-type mouthparts, and sucking out the internal contents of the prey. Cannibalism or scavenging was observed when several P. japonica individuals were put in a single aquarium. This study showed that P. japonica is an aggressive predator; it consumed various crustaceans, including one it never encounters in the wild. Our results suggest that P. japonica will have a high impact on alien ecosystems it invades as a predator on native crustaceans. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit (COI) nucleotide sequences for putative P. japonica from Oshoro, Japan and a topotypic individual from Muroran confirmed that the population we dealt with was P. japonica.
How well do species distribution models predict occurrences in exotic ranges?

Handling Editor: Franziska Schrodt Abstract Aim: Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used predictive tools to forecast potential biological invasions. However, the reliability of SDMs extrapolated to exotic ranges remains understudied, with most analyses restricted to few species and equivocal results. We examine the spatial transferability of SDMs for 647 nonindigenous species extrapolated across 1,867 invaded ranges, and identify what factors may help differentiate predictive success from failure. Location: Global. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Six hundred and fortyseven terrestrial species; eight taxonomic classes. Methods: We performed a largescale assessment of the transferability of SDMs using two modelling approaches: generalized additive models (GAMs) and MaxEnt. We fitted SDMs on the native ranges of species and extrapolated them to exotic ranges. We examined the influence of general factors and factors related to biological invasions on spatial transferability. Results: Despite both modelling approaches performing well in the range of the species used for fitting, we observed moderate to low spatial transferability on average [mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) c. 7] when extrapolating to their invaded ranges. Transferability differed between taxonomic classes and invaded continents and was positively influenced by the performance of the model and environmental generalism in the native range, and the year of first record. Models performed worse with greater environmental coverage in the exotic range, gross domestic product and number of occurrences in the native range, geographic distance between ranges and when extrapolating to islands. Main conclusions: After controlling for sampling bias, half of SDMs were only weakly predictive, which should affect how SDMbased forecasts are interpreted. Performance differed based on characteristics of the data, species, and ranges, and can suggest when SDMs may be reliable and when we should be most cautious. These considerations touch directly upon the potential use of SDMs for management of biological invasions. We discuss possible mechanisms of these findings.
Carotid Duplex Ultrasound Versus Computed Tomography Angiogram For Detecting Cerebral Revascularization Selection Criteria In ICU Patients in The Transient and Permanent Neurological Deficit

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the medical conditions affecting heart, blood or blood vessels. Carotid artery stenosis (CAS), where the atherosclerotic plaque is formed because of response to physical or metabolic injury, may cause debilitating stroke. Duplex ultrasound (DUS) has become one of the main assessing methods for carotid diseases. CTA was found to be highly accurate for diagnosing the degree of carotid occlusion, with an overall sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 99%. Aim of the work: evaluate the results of carotid duplex evaluation of extracranial carotid circulation in comparison to CT angiography In patients admitted to ICU with first attack of transient and non-transient cerebral insult. Methods: a prospective case serious study, was conducted on 40 ICU patients with transient and permanent neurological deficit due to carotid atherosclerosis The collected data was revised, coded, tabulated and introduced to a PC using Statistical package for Social Science Data, presented and suitable analysis was done according to the type of data obtained for each parameter. Results The overall concordance between both CDUS and CTA was 77.5% (31/40), CDUS under-estimated the degree of stenosis in 7/40 (17.5%), and over-estimated the degree of stenosis in 2/40 (5%), respectively. Concordance, and disconcordence were not associated with other parameters. There was perfect agreement regarding stenosis grades of duplex US and CT angiogram, with 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, 100% NPV and 100% accuracy. Conclusion : DCUS and CTA showed excellent agreement, while CDUS remains the first-line non-invasive imaging technique for assessment of ICA stenosis.
Serum CTRP9 Reflects Coronary Collateralization in Nondiabetic Patients with Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Aim To explore the association between the serum C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9) and the formation of coronary collateral circulation in obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods A total of 206 patients who underwent coronary angiography at Beijing Anzhen Hospital and had epicardial arteries with at least 95% stenotic lesion were enrolled. Blood samples were taken after an overnight fasting before the coronary angiography. Serum CTRP9 level was measured using commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The development of coronary collateralization was determined according to the Rentrop classification system. Rentrop score 0-1 was graded as impaired or less-developed coronary collateralization (n = 54) while the Rentrop score 2-3 was defined as well-developed collateralization (n = 152). Results Serum CTRP9 level was significantly higher in well-developed collateralization and diabetes groups (P < 0.001). To further explore the association between the CTRP9 level and coronary collateralization, the enrolled participants were divided into 3 tertiles according to the serum CTRP9 level. The prevalence of impaired coronary collateralization decreased stepwise with the increasing CTRP9 tertiles (P for trend <0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the serum CTRP9 is independently associated with well-developed collateralization, with an OR (95% CI) of 4.49 (1.75-11.55) and 8.98 (2.75-29.35) in the tertiles 2 and 3, respectively. The following subgroup and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis also indicated that the diagnostic value of serum CTRP9 level for detecting the formation of collateralization persisted only in nondiabetic participants. Lastly, adding the serum CTRP9 into the baseline model could increase the diagnostic value of established model consisting of relevant factor for the discrimination of well-developed collateralization only in the nondiabetic group (P = 0.046). Conclusions Serum CTRP9 reflects well-developed coronary collateralization in nondiabetic patients with obstructive CAD, and CTRP9 level ≥ 1.217 indicated a greater chance to forming well-developed coronary collaterals.
Investigation of spatial patterns erosion in the watershed of Kodar Reservoir Chhatisgarh using USPED model

ABSTRACT Most developing countries and underdeveloped countries suffer from crop shortages due to low yields. One of the main reasons for this potential threat is soil erosion, which is one of the biggest problems in the world today. When sheet erosion removes the top layer, soil fertility deteriorates. In this study, Unit Stream Power based Soil Erosion and Deposition model has been used to determine soil erosion in the Kodar Basin in Chhatisgarh, India. Map of various factors affecting soil erosion were studied and the soil loss due to sheet and rill erosions were evaluated respectively, and it was found that the erosion was mainly caused by rill erosion. For rill erosion high deposition estimated as 3812 ha which is 12.39% of the total area, 2388 ha which is 7.76 % comes under moderate deposition, 6806 ha which is 22.12 % comes under stable, 3585 ha which is 11.65% comes under moderate erosion, 2728 ha which is 8.87 comes under high erosion risk. Various conservative measures were suggested in the watershed for the reduction of soil erosion.
Factors affecting follicle and oocyte development in cattle

The mechanisms governing development of mammalian oocytes are not well understood. Isolation and in vitro growth of immature cattle follicles will enable determination of the factors affecting bovine follicular development, have potential applications in assisted reproduction and provide a suitable model for studying human infertility. Intercommunication of the oocyte and somatic cells is necessary for normal oocyte and follicle development. Studies using systems where oocyte-somatic cell communication is preserved allows an accurate assessment of the factors affecting follicular development. The aims of this project were to examine early follicle and oocyte development in cattle and determine whether the bovine oocyte plays a role in follicular development. A non-enzymatic isolation procedure was developed which allowed intact bovine follicles to be isolated. On the basis of follicle size, these could be divided into 3 distinct stages: large preantral, large preantral/early antral and antral follicles. A culture technique was devised which supported in vitro follicle and oocyte development, the key elements of which were: volume of medium (0.25 ml/follicle), serum and insulin, minimal number of medium changes and a substrate of collagen. The effect of FSH on preantral to early antral follicles in culture was examined. Initial experiments on large preantral/early antral follicle growth found that all FSH doses stimulated an increase in follicle diameter. The dose of FSH was important as low levels did not stimulate proliferation or effect oocyte size whilst high levels reduced proliferation, inhibited oocyte growth and reduced oocyte quality. Oocyte localised granulosa cell proliferation was observed in some follicles only when a healthy oocyte was present, demonstrating the importance of oocytesomatic cell communication in granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation. The intensity of oocyte localised proliferation was reduced at high FSH doses,
Histological Studies of some Brassicaceous Samples and the Genetic Variability Analysis using SCOT Markers

Brassicaceae family (Cruciferae) known as mustard family, it is one of the largest families of flowering plants which have 372 genera and 4060 species all around the world. This study aims to investigate comparatively the anatomical structure of some plant samples of this family. Anatomical sections were taken on both stems and leaves, and 42 different qualitative characters were recorded in a data matrix. The results were numerically analysis to know the similarity between these samples by draw a dendrogram. Then the anatomical results were used to determine the genetics relationships between studied cultivated genera and the wild genera in order to includ in the breeding and improvement programs. Scot methods was chosen as it is fast, effective and gives accurate results. Start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism are one of the common markers were used to assess genetic diversity in some genera in Brassicaceae family. Seventin genera of the Brassicaceae have been used with ten SCoT primers. Totally, 174 bands were scored out of which 84.5% showed polymorphism, where 149 polymorphic bands and 25 monomorphic bands were observed. The results indicated that the existence of a significant degree of genetic similarity ranged from 0.62 to 0.88, where the highest mean value was 0.88 between genera 12 (Morettia canscens) and 13 (Moricandia siniaca) and the lowest mean value was 0.62 between genera 2 (Brassica napus) and 15 (Sinapis alba).
Prevalence of dizziness in Egyptian elderly patients

Background: Dizziness in old age may have a large impact on daily life. Dizziness can lead to reduce quality of life. The risk of dizziness increases with age and frailty level. Dizziness is a strong risk factor for falls, and preventing falls and dizziness in older people is essential. Objectives: To estimate prevalence of dizziness in elderly population. Methods: 450 Subjects will be chosen from attendees of outpatient's clinics, who are sixty years or older. Full neurotological examination using Video goggles (spontaneous Nystagmus, with and without fixation, positional & positioning test, Romberg test) were applied. Results: Out of 450 persons tested, 144 (32%) had history of dizziness. There was association between old age and dizziness. Abnormal findings in office test were recorded in the study group. Conclusions: As dizziness is prevalent in elderly population, early diagnosis and proper management of underlying pathology, can help in reducing falls and its subsequent complications in senior citizens.
The International Joint Virtual Conferences Surfaces, Coatings and Interfaces

ZnO is a well-known traditional industrial material which has high potential to become one of the key components for the next generation of future electronics, LED emitters, visible light photocatalysis and others. In its pristine form ZnO has relatively wide band gap of approximately 3.4 eV, but a lot of emerging applications requires some level of electronic structure engineering and structure optimisation. Studies show that ZnO properties strongly depend on the intrinsic defects type and concentrations. Both characteristics usually are depending on the synthesis method. Accordingly, there is great interest to develop new methods which would allow to obtain ZnO with optimised band gap and other properties. In current, study ZnO films were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering with unconventional Ar-O2 gas mixture supply control: Ar flow was controlled to maintain total gas pressure at 1x10 -2 mbar, whereas O2 flow rate was actively adjusted to maintain the selected intensity of optical zinc emission from the working cathode zone. Applying such ZnO formation method it was possible to stabilise reactive magnetron sputtering process over wide range of conditions. Elemental composition analysis by XPS revealed that despite large variations in Zn emission peak intensity within tested experimental conditions all films had nearly identical Zn:O ratios but at the same time their structural and optical properties differed significantly. The colour of the films varied from highly transparent yellowishgreenish, to intense orange, to opaque black. XRD analysis showed that films consisted of single polycrystalline wurtzite phase with varying orientations. PL spectroscopy analysis revealed that films had a lot of various defects including oxygen and zinc vacancies, interstitials and surface defects. Wide variation of ZnO properties obtained by different reactive sputtering conditions demonstrates the potential of the proposed method to control the formation of various intrinsic defects and to tailor their concentration.
Consensus and Disagreement: Information Aggregation under (not so) Naive Learning

We explore a model of non-Bayesian information aggregation in networks. Agents non-cooperatively choose among Friedkin-Johnsen type aggregation rules to maximize payoffs. The DeGroot rule is chosen in equilibrium if and only if there is noiseless information transmission, leading to consensus. With noisy transmission, while some disagreement is inevitable, the optimal choice of rule amplifies the disagreement: even with little noise, individuals place substantial weight on their own initial opinion in every period, exacerbating the disagreement. We use this framework to think about equilibrium versus socially efficient choice of rules and its connection to polarization of opinions across groups.
ANALYSIS OF ENTITY AND GROUP MOBILITY MODELS WITH ROUTING PROTOCOL IN MANET

: A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is basically called as a network without any central administration or fixed infrastructure. It consists of a number of mobile nodes that use to send data packets through a wireless medium. There is always a need of a good routing protocol in order to establish the connection between mobile nodes since they possess the property of dynamic changing topology. Further, in all the existing routing protocols, mobility of a node has always been one of the important characteristics in determining the overall performance of the ad hoc network. Thus, it is essential to know about various mobility models and their effect on the routing protocols. Many academic papers have evaluated the influence of mobility models of MANET on network performance assuming similar routing and network conditions. In this paper, we do not cater the influence of mobility models in a standalone position rather we have varied mobility and analyzed the effect of several entity and group mobility patterns under proactive and reactive routing schemes based on some performance metrics. We have analyzed that proactive schemes and group mobility models outclass their counter parts. At the last we present simulation results that illustrate the importance of choosing a mobility model in the simulation of an ad hoc network protocol. Also, we illustrate how the performance results of an ad hoc network protocol drastically change as a result of changing the mobility model simulated.