Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GARP transcription factors repress Arabidopsis nitrogen starvation response via ROS-dependent and -independent pathways.

Plants need to cope with strong variations of nitrogen availability in the soil. Although many molecular actors are being discovered concerning how plants perceive NO3 - provision, it is less clear how plants recognize a lack of Nitrogen. Following N removal, plants activate their Nitrogen Starvation Response (NSR) being characterized in particular by the activation of very high-affinity nitrate transport systems (NRT2.4, NRT2.5) and other sentinel genes involved in N-remobilization such as GDH3. Here, we show using a combination of functional genomics via Transcription Factor (TF) perturbation and molecular physiology studies, that the TFs belonging to the HHO sub-family are important regulators of NSR through two potential mechanisms. First, HHOs directly repress the high-affinity nitrate transporters, NRT2.4 and NRT2.5. hho mutants display increased high-affinity nitrate transport activity opening promising perspectives for biotechnological applications. Second, we show that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are important to control NSR in wild type plants and that HRS1 and HHO1 over-expressors and mutants are affected in their ROS content, defining a potential feed-forward branch of the signaling pathway. Taken together our results define the relationships of two types of molecular actors controlling the NSR including: ROS and the HHO TFs. This work (i) opens perspectives on a poorly understood nutrient-related signaling pathway, and (ii) defines targets for molecular breeding of plants with enhanced NO3 - uptake.
Maternal vitamin B12 in mice positively regulates bone, but not muscle mass and strength in post-weaning and mature offspring

Vitamin B12 deficiency has been shown to affect bone mass in rodents and negatively impact bone formation in humans. In this study using mouse models, we define the effect of B12 supplementation in the wild-type mother and B12 deficiency in a mouse genetic model (Gif−/− mice) during gestation on bone and muscle architecture and mechanical properties in the offspring. Analysis of bones from 4-wk-old offspring of the wild-type mother following vehicle or B12 supplementation during gestation (from embryonic day 0.5 to 20.5) showed an increase in bone mass caused by an isolated increase in bone formation in the B12-supplemented group compared with vehicle controls. Analysis of the effect of B12 deficiency in the mother in a mouse genetic model (Gif−/− mice) on the long bone architecture of the offspring showed a compromised cortical and trabecular bone mass, which was completely prevented by a single injection of B12 in the B12-deficient Gif−/− mothers. Biomechanical analysis of long bones of the offspring born from B12-supplemented wild-type mothers showed an increase in bone strength, and conversely, offspring born from B12-deficient Gif−/− mothers revealed a compromised bone strength, which could be rescued by a single injection of B12 in the B12-deficient Gif−/− mother. Muscle structure and function analysis however revealed no significant effect on muscle mass, structure, and grip strength of B12 deficiency or supplementation in Gif−/− mice compared with littermate controls. Together, these results demonstrate the beneficial effect of maternally derived B12 in the regulation of bone structure and function in the offspring.
Seasonal training and match load and micro-cycle periodization in male Premier League academy soccer players

ABSTRACT We quantified on pitch external loading of English Premier League (EPL) academy soccer players (n=76; U12-U18 age groups) over an entire competitive season. Mean accumulative weekly duration and total distance, respectively, was similar in the U12 (329±29 min; 19.9±2.2 km), U13 (323±29 min; 20.0±2.0 km) and U14 (339±25 min; 21.7±2.0 km; P>0.05 for all comparisons) age-groups, though all teams were less than U15 (421±15 min; 26.2±2.1 km), U16 (427±20 min; 25.9±2.5 km) and U18 (398±30 min; 26.1±2.6 km) players (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Mean weekly high-speed running and sprint distance was not different between U12 (220±95 m and 6±9 m respectively), U13 (331±212 m and 6±27 m) and U14 (448±193 m and 21±29 m) age-groups (P>0.05 for all pairwise comparisons) though all squads were less than U15 (657±242 m and 49±98 m), U16 (749±152 m and 95±55 m) and U18 (979±254 m and 123±56 m) age-groups (P<0.05 for all pairwise comparisons). Data demonstrate that absolute weekly training volume in EPL academy soccer players increases throughout the academy pathway. Furthermore, although U16-U18 players are capable of achieving similar training and match volumes as previously reported in adult EPL players, they do not yet achieve the absolute intensities of adult EPL players.
Assessment of differential neurocognitive performance based on the number of performance validity tests failures: A cross-validation study across multiple mixed clinical samples

Abstract Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the effect of number of Performance Validity Test (PVT) failures on neuropsychological test performance among a demographically diverse Veteran (VA) sample (n = 76) and academic medical sample (AMC; n = 128). A secondary goal was to investigate the psychometric implications of including versus excluding those with one PVT failure when cross-validating a series of embedded PVTs. Method: All patients completed the same six criterion PVTs, with the AMC sample completing three additional embedded PVTs. Neurocognitive test performance differences were examined based on number of PVT failures (0, 1, 2+) for both samples, and effect of number of criterion failures on embedded PVT performance was analyzed among the AMC sample. Results: Both groups with 0 or 1 PVT failures performed better than those with ≥2 PVT failures across most cognitive tests. There were nonsignificant differences between those with 0 or 1 PVT failures except for one test in the AMC sample. Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses found no differences in optimal cut score based on number of PVT failures when retaining/excluding one PVT failure. Conclusion: Findings support the use of ≥2 PVT failures as indicative of performance invalidity. These findings strongly support including those with one PVT failure with those with zero PVT failures in diagnostic accuracy studies, given that their inclusion reflects actual clinical practice, does not reduce sample sizes, and does not artificially deflate neurocognitive test results or inflate PVT classification accuracy statistics.
Single-Electron Charging in Phosphorus Donors in Silicon Observed by Low-Temperature Kelvin Probe Force Microscope

Kelvin probe force microscopy (KFM) working at low temperatures (13 K) is used to study local electronic potential fluctuations induced by individual phosphorus donors. Electronic potential maps were measured at the surface of thin phosphorus-doped channel of silicon-on-insulator field-effect transistors for different values of backgate voltage. We observed local changes of the potential profile with increasing backgate voltage, indicating electron injection in the channel. Single-step changes in the depth of the fine potential wells, observed by changing backgate voltage, are ascribed to single-electron charging in individual donors. For clusters of donors, with overlapped potential wells, electron charging occurs gradually, without single-step behavior, as the backgate voltage becomes more positive.
Synthesis of 1‐substituted 3,5‐diaryl‐2‐pyrazolines by the reaction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones with hydrazines

1-Acetyl-, 1-propionyl- and 1-phenyl-3,5-diaryl-2-pyrazolines have been synthesized by the reaction of the appropriate α,β-unsaturated ketones with hydrazine or phenylhydrazine in hot acetic acid or propionic acid. Structures of all new 2-pyrazolines 16-40 have been elucidated by microanalyses, 1H and 13C nmr spectroscopies.
High-pressure X-ray diffraction study of pentaerythritol

Pentaerythritol [2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol], C(CH 2 OH) 4 , tetragonal, I4, Z = 2, a = 6.0752 (8), c = 8.733(2)A at T=291K and 0.1 MPa, has been studied at high pressures by X-ray diffraction. The pressure dependence of the unit-cell dimensions has been measured to 1.15 GPa, and the crystal structure has been determined at 1.15 GPa: a = 6.017 (1), c = 8.267 (3) A; final R=0.043 for 185 observed reflections; the C and O atoms were refined with anisotropic thermal parameters, and H atoms located in a ΔF map and refined with isotropic thermal parameters. The compressibility of van der Waals contacts between the sheets of the hydrogen-bonded molecules is several times larger than along the sheets, and above 280MPa the distances between the centres of near molecules of neighbouring sheets become shorter than the distances between the centres of the hydrogen-bonded molecules; at ambient pressure these distances become equal when the structure transforms to the plastic phase at 453 K. Small changes in molecular dimensions are consistent with transformations of the crystal structure. The OH.O hydrogen bond is compressed to 98% of its ambient pressure length.
SoK: Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) with Automated Market Maker (AMM) Protocols

As an integral part of the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem, decentralized exchanges (DEXs) with automated market maker (AMM) protocols have gained massive traction with the recently revived interest in blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT) in general. Instead of matching the buy and sell sides, automated market makers (AMMs) employ a peer-to-pool method and determine asset price algorithmically through a so-called conservation function. To facilitate the improvement and development of AMM-based decentralized exchanges (DEXs), we create the first systematization of knowledge in this area. We first establish a general AMM framework describing the economics and formalizing the system’s state-space representation. We then employ our framework to systematically compare the top AMM protocols’ mechanics, illustrating their conservation functions, as well as slippage and divergence loss functions. We further discuss security and privacy concerns, how they are enabled by AMM-based DEXs’ inherent properties, and explore mitigating solutions. Finally, we conduct a comprehensive literature review on related work covering both DeFi and conventional market microstructure.
Trispecific CD19-CD20-CD22–targeting duoCAR-T cells eliminate antigen-heterogeneous B cell tumors in preclinical models

Trispecific duoCAR-T cells with optimized costimulatory domains effectively kill tumor cells in antigen-heterogeneous and antigen-replete tumor models. “Tri”-ing out CAR-T cells Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–T cells have revolutionized treatment for hematological cancers. However, a remaining challenge is developing CAR-T cells that are capable of treating cancers with heterogeneous expression of CAR-T cell antigens. To address this, Schneider et al. designed trispecific duoCAR-T cells that targeted CD19, CD20, and CD22 simultaneously. The authors showed that trispecific duoCAR-T cells effectively killed antigen-heterogeneous mixtures of tumor cells in vitro. Further, they showed that trispecific duoCAR-T cells controlled burden of antigen-heterogeneous tumors in mouse models vivo. These findings suggest that a trispecific targeting strategy may address the challenge of treating antigen-heterogeneous cancers. A substantial number of patients with leukemia and lymphoma treated with anti-CD19 or anti-CD22 monoCAR-T cell therapy relapse because of antigen loss or down-regulation. We hypothesized that B cell tumor antigen escape may be overcome by a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) design that simultaneously targets three B cell leukemia antigens. We engineered trispecific duoCAR-T cells with lentiviral vectors encoding two CAR open reading frames that target CD19, CD20, and CD22. The duoCARs were composed of a CAR with a tandem CD19- and CD20-targeting binder, linked by the P2A self-cleaving peptide to a second CAR targeting CD22. Multiple combinations of intracellular T cell signaling motifs were evaluated. The most potent duoCAR architectures included those with ICOS, OX40, or CD27 signaling domains rather than those from CD28 or 4-1BB. We identified four optimal binder and signaling combinations that potently rejected xenografted leukemia and lymphoma tumors in vivo. Moreover, in mice bearing a mixture of B cell lymphoma lines composed of parental triple-positive cells, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, and CD22-negative variants, only the trispecific duoCAR-T cells rapidly and efficiently rejected the tumors. Each of the monoCAR-T cells failed to prevent tumor progression. Analysis of intracellular signaling profiles demonstrates that the distinct signaling of the intracellular domains used may contribute to these differential effects. Multispecific duoCAR-T cells are a promising strategy to prevent antigen loss–mediated relapse or the down-regulation of target antigen in patients with B cell malignancies.
Records of Fleas (Siphonaptera) and Other Ectoparasites from Maine

Abstract - During four 5-day trips to the 3 northern-most Maine counties of Aroostook, Piscataquis, and Somerset, we captured 347 small mammals from which we collected 415 fleas, 36 lice, and 10 larval botfly ectoparasites. Additionally, we located records of fleas from Maine in the Traub collection at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA. From these sources, we establisned new state records of occurrence in Maine for 2 flea species, Conorhinopsylla stanfordi and Orchopeas howardi, and 1 louse species, Neohaematopinus semifasciatus. We herein report 27 new county records for fleas and 3 for botflies. The total number of flea species known to occur in Maine is now 32.
To Hide or Not to Hide: Nesting Habitat Dynamics in a Threatened Gull

Abstract. Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus fuscus) were studied over 10 breeding seasons (2005-2014) to assess factors influencing nesting distribution among 7 subcolonies with two distinct habitats (open-rocky or vegetated) in an archipelago on the Norwegian Coast. The study was divided into an early (2005-2008) and late period (2009-2014), depending on a predatory event in 2008, where one subcolony suffered a complete reproductive failure. In the early period, three open-rocky subcolonies in the periphery appeared to contain birds of higher quality (assessed by stability in number of pairs among years, reproductive timing, clutch size, and chick production) compared to a large vegetated subcolony. In the late period, the proportion of the population nesting in the large vegetated subcolony increased, as did the quality of individuals, a result of birds from the depredated subcolony settling there. In subcolonies not subject to complete reproductive failure, philopatry to natal subcolonies was high among juveniles (∼80%), and the rate of among-year change between subcolonies by adult breeders was as low as 0-3%, although the rate of change increased up to ∼15% following years of poor reproductive success. However, there was no evidence that either habitat consistently offered better nest protection and reproductive success than the other.
Impeded drainage stimulates extracellular phenol oxidase activity in riparian peat cores

Peat drainage, a common land‐use practice in Europe, has been associated with habitat degradation and increased particulate and dissolved carbon release. In the UK, peatland drain blockage has been encouraged in recent years as a management practice to preserve peatland habitats and to reduce fluvial carbon loss and municipal water discoloration. Drain blockage has, however, been found to increase drain‐water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and coloration in the short term. In order to investigate the contribution of changes in extracellular phenol oxidase activity to the increase in water coloration following peatland drain blockage, cores collected from a riparian peatland in North Wales were incubated under impeded drainage conditions. Impeded drainage resulted in the stimulation of peat extracellular phenol oxidase activity and heightened soluble phenolic concentrations, suggesting that changes in extracellular phenol oxidase activity may be a key driver of increases in DOC and water coloration following peatland drain blockage. An increase in peat pH with impeded drainage was also observed that may have contributed to the heightened soluble phenolic concentrations – directly (through effects on solubility) and/or indirectly as a driver of the elevated extracellular phenol oxidase activity.
Features of solving the direct and inverse scattering problems for two sets of monopole scatterers

Abstract Research presented in this paper was initiated by the publication [A. D. Agaltsov and R. G. Novikov, Examples of solving the inverse scattering problem and the equations of the Veselov–Novikov hierarchy from the scattering data of point potentials, Russian Math. Surveys 74 (2019), 3, 373–386] and is based on its results. Two sets of the complex monopole scattering coefficients are distinguished among the possible values of these coefficients for nonabsorbing inhomogeneities. These sets differ in phases of the scattering coefficients. In order to analyze the features and possibilities of reconstructing the inhomogeneities of both sets, on the one hand, the inverse problem is solved for each given value of the monopole scattering coefficient using the Novikov functional algorithm. On the other hand, the scatterer is selected in the form of a homogeneous cylinder with the monopole scattering coefficient that coincides with the given one. The results obtained for the monopole inhomogeneity and for the corresponding cylindrical scatterer are compared in the coordinate and spatial-spectral spaces. The physical reasons for the similarities and differences in these results are discussed when the amplitude of the scattering coefficient changes, as well as when passing from one set to another.
Pros and Cons for Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization, Karyotyping and Next Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis and Follow-up of Multiple Myeloma

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the plasma cell-related hematological malignancies exceeding 10.0% of all marrow cells, and they make a paraprotein that is a marker of the disease. Myeloma is one of the most common types of hematological malignancies in humans. Genetic bio-markers have been used for prognostic markers in patients diagnosed with MM. The genetic and genomic changes have been identified using karyotyping, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), next generation sequencing (NGS), specifically whole-genome sequencing or exome sequencing. Circulatory plasma cells, circulating free DNA (cfD-NA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) comprised in liquid biopsy are potentially used in diagnosis/prognosis of MM. In this study, we analyzed and compared results of karyo-typing, FISH and NGS in 35 MM cases. Diagnostic strategies are expanding rapidly and newly developed NGS-based testing may help the understanding of the complexities of genetic alterations in karyotypically normal cases.
Mining social collaboration patterns in developer social networks

: Software development is extremely complex, requiring collaboration between teams and developers who collaborate on various tasks; these activities lead to the generation of an implicit developer social network (DSN). The authors’ aim to understand the development process in terms of collaboration between developers. In this work, they conducted an empirical study on mining social collaboration patterns of DSNs for open source software projects based on an integrated approach involving the identification of global and local collaboration patterns among developers based on social network analysis. The bug tracking system-based DSN (BTS-DSN) is chosen as an example over the other DSNs since it incorporates larger collaboration activities and actors. The empirical results show that the DSNs, specifically BTS-DSN, exhibits three different coordination pattern levels (Plan, Aware, and Reflexive) based on their collaboration activities. The mean time to repair metric proves that the Reflexive level occupies the fastest bug fixing time, then the Plan level comes secondly, and lastly the Aware level. In addition, each level group shows different collaboration behaviours among developers; thus, this information can be useful as a resource for better understanding of developer collaboration and collaboration awareness.
Feedback and Student Learning: Matching Learning and Teaching Style to Improve Student Pilot Performance

ABSTRACT Objective: The present research investigated the relationship and the efficacy of two different modalities in which feedback is provided, namely “visual” and “auditory” on student pilot learning. Background: Pilot training has remained relatively unchanged for over thirty years. The syllabi for flight training contains little information about specific educational techniques or instructions that may assist the flight instructor in his/her role. Matching the learning style of the student, to that of the teaching style of the educator/instructor has the potential to improve learning outcomes. Method: Eighteen trainee pilots were divided into either visual or auditory learners based on the VARK learning styles model and asked to complete three test flights involving a left-hand circuit using a flight simulator. After each flight, pilots received feedback (control – no feedback, visual, auditory) about a different aspect of their flight performance (actual compared to target). Results: The results revealed when the modality in which the feedback was provided matched the preferred learning style of the pilot, improvements in performance resulted. When there was a mismatch between the two, adverse effects were evident for auditory learners only. Conclusion: From a theoretical perspective, the results provide clear evidence of the link between learning and teaching styles. From an applied perspective, these results highlight the potential benefits of aligning teaching and learning styles in flight training.
Anharmonicity in aluminum hydride at high pressures

Aluminum hydride has been predicted to be a superconductor with a transition temperature of 24 K at 110 GPa, in disagreement with the experimental observation. In this work, it is shown that the bulk of the electron–phonon coupling can be associated with modes that are highly anharmonic according to frozen phonon calculations. This large anharmonicity could partially explain the origin of the disagreement between previous predictions and experiments.