Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Two Milling Techniques and Flours Particle Size on Some Physicochemical Properties of Millet Flour

3 Abstract: Two techniques of milling (milling with wooden mortar and milling with hammer grinder) for the production of millet flours were compared in term of physical, biochemical and nutritional aspects and digestibility of the produced flours. A batch of millet grains with candle (Pennisetum glaucum L. R.BR) was purchased from a local market for flour production, while the flour digestibility tests were achieved with an enzymatic crude extract get from gastric juice of and snails (Archachatina marginata). The different rough flours obtained from both milling techniques showed significant differences (p<0.05) in their granulometric profiles and their biochemical composition. The mortar milling gave flours with higher contents in dry matter, ash and sugars (total and reducing sugars) than hammer grinder one, excepted for total carbohydrates and starch. In addition, each flour fraction obtained after sieving rough flours also presented significant differences (p<0.05) in the biochemical composition and the digestibility. The flours with large particles (0.315 and 0.630 mm) had highest dry matter content and ash, but the flour with small particles (0.160 mm) was rich in soluble sugars, total carbohydrates and most digestible.
The Resistence of Traditional Value at Kajang Community in Globalization Era

Socio-cultural change in the era of globalization is characterized by the structural changes in social and cultural patterns in a community as well as the change in the substance of will have implications on people's lives. But things are different for the people of Kajang, where traditional values are maintained and preserved although it has been hit by globalization, even custom which become a key social processes in the community. The research was a descriptive qualitative method. The research aims the existence of traditional value at Kajang community in globalization era. This research was conducted in Kajang Bulukumba, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results showed that, in the Kajang community culture that is so strong and condensed so that the modernization cannot affect cultural and social value local communities. Even the development of modernization still run but the resistance still occurs in Kajang community, it caused by several factors, including: factor unconsciousness individuals about the importance of technology in the modern era. Moreover, customary law so that the strong factor in solving the problems, state law is not valid on the community. From the aspect of modernization, in order to avoid the influence of modernists are externally towards society Kajang, these communities through the head the customary more intense do doctrine to the community and more hieratic their culture in every celebration as a religious event, ceremony marital, the patterns of adaptation in communication and patterns of adaptation activities
Tailored Bayesian Mechanisms: Experimental Evidence from Two-Stage Voting Games

Optimal voting rules have to be tailored to the underlying distribution of preferences. This paper shows that the introduction of a stage at which agents may themselves choose voting rules according to which they decide in a second stage may increase the sum of individuals’ payoffs if players are not all completely selfish. Our experiments aim to understand how privately informed individuals choose voting rules and vote given these rules. In a setting with an asymmetric distribution of valuations groups that can choose a voting rule do better than those who decide with a given simple majority voting rule.
Integration of renewable energy into mass, heat and regeneration network synthesis

This paper presents a new synthesis method for optimally integrating mass exchange networks, involving regeneration, with solar thermal energy, so as to reduce the quantity of water used in mass exchange operations, while simultaneously reducing the environmental impact associated with the use of fossil based energy sources. The problem in this paper involves gaseous streams from which ammonia has to be removed using water as the mass separating agent. The ammonia rich lean stream is then sent to a regenerator where steam stripping is used to remove the ammonia, after which the lean stream, which is now somewhat free of ammonia, is recycled back to the network of mass absorbers for further ammonia absorption from the gaseous streams. The stage-wise superstructure is adopted, however it is extended by including models to account for primary mass exchange, regeneration and heat exchange subnetworks. Other extensions include the addition of model equations to determine optimal solar panel area and heat storage vessels. The example considered demonstrates the benefits of the integrated approach.
The influence of mechanical stimulus on nutrient transport and cell growth in engineered cartilage: a finite element approach

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degenera-tion, which affects more people than any other joint disease. To overcome this problem, tissue engineering has been improving to restore tissue functionality developing new implantable cartilage. Bioreactors can provide an adequate nutrient transport to cells in the scaffold, a good mechanical stimuli and a hydrodynamic environment, which imposes a fluid flow to promote the cell proliferation. Finite element analysis of cartilage growth can be used to guide these tissue engineering experiments in order to produce cell scaffold constructs with specific biomechanical properties. In this work, a 3D finite element model was developed to simulate the diffusion and transport of nutrients and the cell growth kinetics in a porous scaffold when it is subject to different mechanical stimuli. The mass transport was defined by con-vection-diffusion equation, where the nutrient uptake was represented through the Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the fluid dynamics within the construct was modelled by Brinkman’s equation. Cell growth kinetics was modelled by the Contois equation, which includes the effect of glucose concentration and the cell density saturation. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of mechanical loading in nutrition and cell growth during culture. Different mechanical stimuli (5%, 10% and 15% of compressive strain with frequencies of 0.5Hz, 1Hz and 2Hz) were performed during a period of 48 hours of cell culture. The spatial-temporal evolution of the local glucose, oxygen and lactate concentrations, the pH level and the cell density within the scaffold was analysed. The numerical simulations of so-lutes concentrations and cell growth show a good agreement with experimental results. These results show that fluid shear stress promoted by fluid dynamics inside the scaffold is influenced by compression and consequently the solute transport and the chondrocyte activity is affected for altered levels of stimulation.
The Structure of Utility in Spatial Models of Voting

Empirical models of spatial voting allow legislators' locations in a policy or ideological space to be inferred from their roll-call votes. These are typically random utility models where the features of the utility functions other than the ideal points are assumed rather than estimated. In this article, we first consider a model in which legislators' utility functions are allowed to be a mixture of the two most commonly assumed utility functions: the quadratic function and the Gaussian function assumed by NOMINATE. Across many roll-call data sets, we find that legislators' utility functions are estimated to be very nearly Gaussian. We then relax the usual assumption that each legislator is equally sensitive to policy change and find that extreme legislators are generally more sensitive to policy change than their more centrally located counterparts. This result suggests that extremists are more ideologically rigid while moderates are more likely to consider influences that arise outside liberal-conservative conflict.
THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR NATURAL DISASTERS MANAGEMENT: A BIG DATA PERSPECTIVE

Abstract. Social media is rapidly emerging as a potential resource of information capable to support natural disasters management. Despite the growing research interest focused on using social media during natural disasters, many challenges may arise on how to handle the ‘big data’ problem: huge amounts of geo-social data are available, in different formats and varying quality that must be processed quickly. This article presents a state-of-the-art approach towards the enhancement of decision support tools for natural disaster management with information from the Twitter social network. The novelty of the approach lies in the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) modeling outputs with real-time information from Twitter. A first prototype has been implemented that integrates geo-referenced Twitter messages into a Web GIS for wildfire risk management and real-time earthquake monitoring. Following a highly scalable architecture that relies on big data components, the proposed methodology can be applied in different geographical areas, different types of social media and a variety of natural disasters. The article aims at highlighting the role of social big data, towards a more sophisticated transfer of knowledge among civil protection agencies, emergency response crews and affected population.
Variability in air-sea O2 and CO2 fluxes and its impact on atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) and the partitioning of land and ocean carbon sinks

Variability in air-sea O2 and CO2 fluxes and its impact on atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) and the partitioning of land and ocean carbon sinks C. D. Nevison, N. M. Mahowald, S. C. Doney, and I. D. Lima National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA Dept. of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA Received: 4 July 2007 – Accepted: 13 July 2007 – Published: 27 August 2007 Correspondence to: C. D. Nevison (nevison@ucar.edu)
Financial Permeation and Economic Growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

This article empirically analyzes the role of finance in economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa from the perspective of what is termed herein “financial permeation”. By estimating panel data on 37 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa between 2004 and 2010, we examine whether financial permeation through improved convenience and access to financial services has contributed to economic growth in this region. Empirical results clearly indicate that financial permeation has a statistically significant and robust effect on increasing economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Applied Model for Financial Bubbles

This paper develops a linear and tractable model of financial bubbles. It is a special simplification of a general theory of financial bubbles developed by [1]. I demonstrate the application of the linear model and study the root causes of financial bubbles. Moreover, I derive leading properties of bubbles. This model enables investors and regulators to react to market dynamics in a timely manner. In conclusion, the linear model is helpful for the empirical verification and detection of financial bubbles.
Excitonic Polaritons in Semiconductor Micropillars

We describe the physics of cavity polaritons in semiconductor micropillars. Cavity polaritons are exciton–photon entangled states arising from the strong coupling between excitons and the optical modes of a cavity. In micropillars, the photon three-dimensional confinement results in a discrete spectrum of 0D polariton states. Characterization of the linear properties of these micropillars will be presented. Then we will show how this system can be used to generate parametric photons and to obtain polariton lasing.
Analysis of Electromagnetic Propulsion on a Two-Electric-Dipole System

SUMMARY This paper considers the electromagnetic propulsion of a body radiating directed electromagnetic waves. As the source of electromagnetic waves, a system consisting of two electric dipoles is chosen. The electromagnetic propulsion this system receives from the surrounding space is theoretically analyzed and discussed. This propulsion is related to the near field formed by the dipoles and exhibits the maximum propulsion at a characteristic dipole spacing. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 83(4): 31–39, 2000
Interactive comment on “ Source apportionment of PM 2 . 5 in Cork Harbour , Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements ”

The first half of the abstract reads similarly to a methods section with the second half of the section stating some results. However, it is unclear what has been added to the scientific understanding of aerosol source apportionment. Further, it is not appropriate to include such information as the number of ATOFMS mass spectra generated here. The abstract should be reorganized to primarily be a discussion of the main results of the work.
Responses of vegetation and ground cover to spraying a high elevation, big sagebrush watershed with 2,4-D.

Total production of aboveground biomass on a 238-ha watershed was not affected when big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) was controlled by aerial application of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Grass production increased in the 5 years following treatment, but forb production was not affected by treatment because forbs were in an early phenological stage when sprayed. Five years after treatment, there was a 37% decrease in bare ground, and a 29% and 61% increase in litter and grass cover, respectively, on the treated watershed compared to an adjacent untreated watershed. A cost effective method of increasing the quantity of forage available for livestock on big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) rangeland involves application of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) to control shrub growth (Nielsen 1979, Kearl and Freeburn 1980, Schmisseur and Miller 1980). ' Spraying is feasible for sites that have valuable herbaceous species capable of fully utilizing site resources (Pechanec et al. 1965). Grass production commonly doubles or triples after treatment (Hyder and Sneva 1956, Hedrick et al. 1966, Tabler 1968, Schumaker and Hanson 1977, Sturges 1977, Miller et al. 1980). Forbs are adversely affected by 2,4-D, so that increases in grass productivity are partially offset by decreases in forb productivity (Blaisdell and Mueggler 1956, Laycock and Phillips 1968, Tabler 1968, Schumaker and Hanson 1977, Miller et al. 1980). The influence of sagebrush control on ground cover characteristics has received little attention compared to changes in vegetation production. Basal area of grasses increased about one-third when big sagebrush was controlled by spraying or grubbing and most of the increase occurred the first year after treatment (Hyder and Sneva 1956). Reseeding two small sagebrush-dominated watersheds that had been depleted of herbaceous species, to beardless bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron inerme), greatly reduced the area of bare soil (Shown et al. 1972). The reduction in bare soil was believed influential in reducing surface runoff generated by summer rainstorms, and in reducing the sediment concentration of runoff water (Lusby 1979). The objective of this study was to measure changes in vegetation production and composition, and changes in watershed ground cover characteristics on a watershed sprayed with 2,4-D to control big sagebrush. The study was part of a long-term paired watershed investigation, in which hydrologic and wildlife responses to spraying also were evaluated.
HYDROXYL RADICAL BASED DEGRADATION OF CIPROFLOXACIN IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

This study reports the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) by means of ionizing radiations. Kinetic studies with aqueous concentrations of 4.6, 10, 15, 17.9 mg/L reveals that degradation of CIP follows pseudo -first order kinetics and the decay constant increased with decrease in initial concentration of CIP. The removal efficiency, represented by G-value, decreased with increasing absorbed dose and increased with higher [CIP] 0 concentration at a given absorbed dose. The effects of bubbling CIP solution with N 2 , N 2 O or air on CIP degradation were also studied. The influence of various radical scavengers like tert -butanol, iso -propanol, HCO 3 - , CO 3 2- , NO 3 - and NO 2 - as radical scavengers in N 2 - saturated solutions of CIP indicated that •OH were more closely associated with the radiolytic decomposition of CIP than other radicals, such as e - aq or •H. The pH value of aqueous media played a crucial role in the degradation of CIP. It was observed that degradation efficiency was higher under acidic condition compared to degradation in natural or alkaline media. F - , CH 3 COO - and HCOO - were formed as a result of CIP degradation that were analyzed by ion-chromatography.
The Diffusion of Patented Oil and Gas Technology with Environmental Uses: A Forward Patent Citation Analysis

Relevant advances in the mitigation of environmental impact could be obtained by the appropriate diffusion of existing environmental technologies. In this paper, we look at the diffusion of knowledge related to environmental technologies developed within the oil and gas industry. To assess knowledge spillovers from oil and gas inventions as a measure of technology diffusion, we rely on forward patent citations methodology. Results show that there is a strong likelihood that the citing patent will be eventually linked to environmental technologies if the original oil and gas invention has already environmental uses. Moreover, both intra and intersectoral spillovers produce a "turnabout" effect, meaning that citing patents show the opposite quality level of the cited patent. Our results support the idea that more sector-specific environmental policies, with an emphasis on diffusion, would significantly improve the use of environmental technologies developed within the oil and gas industry.
Clavibacter toxicus sp. nov., the Bacterium Responsible for Annual Ryegrass Toxicity in Australia

The Clavibacter sp. associated with annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT) in Australia has been reported to differ from other Clavibacter spp. in serological properties, allozyme electrophoretic mobility, bacteriophage sensitivity, and adhesion to nematodes (Anguina spp.). To clarify its taxonomic position, eight strains of the ARGT Clavibacter sp. were compared with strains of Arthrobacter ilicis, Clavibacter iranicum, Clavibacter michiganense, Clavibacter rathayi, Clavibacter tritici, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, and Rhodococcus fascians. The ARGT strains were distinguishable from the other bacteria on the basis of the results of a range of biochemical tests. DNA base composition, growth factor requirements, and growth rates were also determined. A new species, Clavibacter toxicus, is proposed, with type strain CS14 (= ICMP 9525 = NCPPB 3552).
Preparation of superionic ceramics by spark plasma method

The principle of spark plasma ceramics sintering method is presented, its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Li + ionic conductor Li 3x La 2/3–x TiO 3 (x = 0.1) and oxygen ionic conductor CeO 2 -20 mol% Sm 2 O 3 nanoceramics have been prepared using this method. Electrical properties of the obtained ceramics were measured in the broad frequency range of 10 Hz to 3 GHz and temperature interval from 300 K up to 800 K. Ionic conductivities inside grains and in the grain boundaries have been separated from impedance spectra. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ms.19.3. 2403
Impact assessment of agricultural research in West Africa: an application of the propensity score matching methodology

Ex-post evaluation of agricultural research is aimed to empirically provide evidence of past investments’ effectiveness. This paper is intended to measure the immediate impact of livestock research activities on cattle farmers’ knowledge about trypanosomosis and its curative and preventive control strategies. According to the quasi-experimental design of the intervention, it is shown that its impact will be adequately estimated by propensity score matching (PSM). Based on data collected according to a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire in the region of Kenedougou that is common to Mali and Burkina Faso, results indicate a significant gain in farmers’ know-how due to participation in livestock research activities.
Global and local stability and instability of the constant spatially developing gas flow

In this paper different types of stabilities (global, local) with respect to instantaneous perturbations and permanent source produced time harmonic perturbations are presented in case of a spatially developing gas flow. Some types of instabilities (global absolute, local convective) are also presented. For this purpose the Euler equations linearized at the constant gas flow are used. It is shown for instance, that the constant gas flow is global absolutely unstable with respect to some instantaneous and some permanent source produced time harmonic perturbations. The locally convective instability is also proven with respect to some instantaneous and permanent source produced time harmonic perturbations.
PALYNOLOGY : THE BRIDGE BETWEEN PALAEOECOLOGY AND ECOLOGY FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN-INDUCED GLOBAL CHANGES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA

The starting point of palynology when dealing with ecology is that ‘ecosystems are dynamic and have a history’ (Willis & Birks, 2006; Birks, 2012). In a thematic review centred on ‘cultural landscapes of the past’, recently published, Mercuri, et al. (2010) outlined the essential role of botanists in creating a bridge of knowledge between past and present vegetation and human impact dynamics. This is especially obtained by providing a faithful interpretation of the plant cover developed as a consequence of presence or pressure of both past and modern human activities. These concepts match the assumptions of history as ‘change with time’ and ‘ecology as a historical discipline’ by Boero (2010). palynology, joint to archaeobotany, is more and more evidencing that human exploitation of wild resources produced a change of the environment in a landscape system at least since the early Holocene, approximately during the last eleven thousands years. In most of the Mediterranean, and especially in Italy, this was particularly evident since the Bronze age (sadori & giardini, 2008; Mercuri & sadori, 2012; Mercuri et al., 2012). The historical biological sciences make us aware that the world in which we live today is less ‘natural’ of what we think (Mercuri & sadori, 2013). From habitat and knowledge fragmentations to the motivation for a holistic science
Atomistic Modelling of III-V Semiconductors: from a single tetrahedron to millions of atoms

Modelling of III-V semiconductor materials and nanostructures has been a very active field in the last 15 years. The rapid development in the material synthesis of low dimensional structures for optical applications has triggered a world wide interest for modelling methods capable of accurately describing systems comprising millions of atoms. With the development of empirical or semiempirical methods, together with the ever increasing computational power available to scientists, it is now possible to model e.g. quantum dots inside simulation boxes comprising 3 million atoms. In this talk we will review the most recent developments in the field of empirical atomistic methods, particularly the bond order potentials, and discuss its links and reliance on ab initio calculations. The links between these methods and modeling of segregation effect will also be discussed.