Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pitch perception as probabilistic inference

Pitch is a fundamental and salient perceptual attribute of many behaviourally important sounds, including animal calls, human speech and music. Human listeners perceive pitch without conscious effort or attention. These and similar observations have prompted a search for mappings from acoustic stimulus to percept that can be easily computed from peripheral neural responses at early stages of the central auditory pathway. This tenet however is not supported by physiological evidence: how the percept of pitch is encoded in neural firing patterns across the brain, and where – if at all – such a representation may be localised remain as yet unsolved questions. Here, instead of seeking an explanation guided by putative mechanisms, we take a more abstract stance in developing a model by asking, what computational goal the auditory system is set up to achieve during pitch perception. Many natural pitch-evoking sounds are approximately periodic within short observation time windows. We posit that pitch reflects a near-optimal estimate of the underlying periodicity of sounds from noisy evoked responses in the auditory nerve, exploiting statistical knowledge about the regularities and irregularities occurring during sound generation and transduction. We compute (or approximate) the statistically optimal estimate using a Bayesian probabilistic framework. Model predictions match the pitch reported by human listeners for a wide range of welldocumented, pitch-evoking stimuli, both periodic and aperiodic. We then present new psychophysical data on octave biases and pitch-timbre interactions in human perception which further demonstrates the validity of our approach, while posing difficulties for alternative models based on autocorrelation analysis or simple spectral pattern matching. Our model embodies the concept of perception as unconscious inference, originally proposed by von Helmholtz as an interface bridging optics and vision. Our results support the view that even apparently primitive acoustic percepts may derive from subtle statistical inference, suggesting that such inferential processes operate at all levels across our sensory systems.
Multisubject governance of the national tourism system

Unstable external environment, unfavorable market conditions and escalating global competition necessitate developing new management technologies to overcome the disproportionality in the economic systems functioning. The polystructural properties of the national tourism system (NTS), as a significant component of the national economic system, require multisubject management. The mutisubject management process ensures a balanced interplay of its constituent elements and the coherence of economic entities’ interests. Accordingly, the purpose of the article is to study the essence of multisubject NTS management.It is revealed that multisubject NTS management is the process of forming and developing mutually coordinated and effective interaction of subjects of the public and private sectors, as well as consumers for the consolidated creation of tourism product based on constructive inter-subject communication.The main groups of entities that have a managerial influence on the national tourism system, that is form multisubject management, are identified. On this basis, the configuration of multisubject NTS management and the structural and logical scheme for coordinating its participants’ interests are proposed. Given the NTS polystructural properties, the definition of the synergistic effect of integrated cooperation in the format of multisubject management is proved. According to the study results, a step-by-step procedure for estimating multisubject management is proposed, which determines the interaction level and the vector of equilibrium of the NTS entities.
Biographies - Annals of the History of Computing, IEEE

Nobody has influenced my scientific life more than Bob Floyd. Indeed, were it not for him, I might well have never become a computer scientist. In this note, I will try to explain the reasons behind these statements and to capture some of the spirit of old-time computer science. Instead of attempting to reconstruct the past using only incidents that I think I remember, I will quote extensively from actual documents written at the time things happened.
Dynamical Anisotropic Dark Energy Cosmological Model in General Relativity

ABSTRACT We have investigated an anisotropic dark energy cosmological model in the presence of anisotropic dark energy fluid coupled with mass less scalar field in KantowskiSachs space-time in general theory of relativity. A physically viable dark energy cosmological model is presented using (i) a hybrid expansion law proposed by Akarsu et al. (JCAP. 01, 022: 2014) and (ii) a relation between the metric potential. The dark energy density, the equation of state (EoS) parameter and the skewness parameters of the model are determined and their physical siguificance is pointed out. The deceleration parameter and the jerk parameter of the model show that there is a smooth transition of the uuiverse from early deceleration to late time acceleration which confirms the observations modem cosmology.
Psychosocial interventions for stroke survivors, carers and survivor-carer dyads: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, quality of life, self-efficacy, coping, carer strain and carer satisfaction among stroke survivors, carers and survivor-carer dyads. Data sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases and the grey literature were searched up to September 2018. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of psychosocial interventions for stroke survivors, carers and survivor-carer dyads, compared to usual care. Outcomes measured were depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, quality of life, coping, self-efficacy, carer strain, and carer satisfaction. Results: Thirty-one randomized controlled trials (n = 5715) were included in the systematic review which found improvements in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, quality of life and coping, though the number of trials assessing each outcome varied. A meta-analysis (11 trials; n = 1280) on depressive symptoms found that in seven trials psychosocial interventions reduced depressive symptoms in stroke survivors (SMD: −0.36, 95% CI −0.73 to 0.00; p = .05) and in six trials reduced depressive symptoms in carers (SMD: −0.20, 95% CI −.40 to 0.00; p = .05). Conclusion: Psychosocial interventions reduced depressive symptoms in stroke survivors and their carers. There was limited evidence that such interventions reduced anxiety symptoms, or improved quality of life and coping for stroke survivors and carers and no evidence that they improved self-efficacy, carer strain or carer satisfaction.
Glutathione S-transferase is a good biomarker in acrylamide induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity

Abstract Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major defence enzymes of the antioxidant enzymatic system. Cytosolic GSTs are more involved in the detoxification than mitochondrial and microsomal GSTs. GSTs are localized in the cerebellum and hippocampus of the rat brain. Acrylamide (AC) is a well assessed neurotoxin of both animals and humans and it produces skeletal muscle weakness and ataxia. AC is extensively used in several industries such as cosmetic, paper, textile, in ore processing, as soil conditioners, flocculants for waste water treatment and it is present in daily consumed food products, like potato chips, French fries, bread, breakfast cereals and beverages like coffee; it is detected on tobacco smoking. GST acts as a biomarker in response to acrylamide. AC can interact with DNA and therefore generate mutations. In rats, low level expression of glutathione S-trasferase (GST) decreases both memory and life span. The major aim of this review is to provide better information on the antioxidant role of GST against AC induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity.
Shared Pleasure in early mother–infant interactions: a study in a high-risk South African sample

ABSTRACT Infant mental health is strongly connected to an infant’s relationship with a responsive, warm, and available caregiver. However, maternal mental illness reduces a mother’s ability to detect and respond to changes in her infant’s expressions and communication, which may have important consequences for infant attachment and emotion regulation. The Shared Pleasure (SP) paradigm in parent–infant interactions is defined as ‘the parent and the child sharing positive affect in synchrony’ and is considered to be a possible screening marker for early identification of at-risk dyads. A paucity of data exists for the application of SP as a measurable paradigm in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the SP paradigm using women attending a tertiary psychiatric maternal mental health clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. A sample of mothers (N = 78) and young infants (2–6 months old) were assessed for SP moments using video recordings of the dyad in free play. SP moments occurred in only 20.5% of the sample. SP moments were more frequent in younger babies (under 3 months of age). There were significantly more SP moments in dyads where mothers had no mental illnesses (p = 0.021) or were married (p = 0.016). Black African mothers also experienced significantly more SP moments with their babies (p = 0.033) than their Caucasian or Mixed-ancestry counterparts. This study explored the application of the ‘SP paradigm’ on women with and without mental illness who attended a maternal mental health clinic. Tracking SP moments in a larger sample of culturally diverse, at-risk and, mentally-ill population of mothers and their infants offers the possibility of a simple language- and culture-free measure to identify at-risk dyads.
The Perceptions of Australian Workers about Caring for Sexually Exploited Children in Residential Care

Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) is a problem for children and young people living in out-of-home care (Looked After Children). As part of a broader action research project aiming to prevent both harmful sexual behaviour carried out by children and young people and CSE in out-of-home care, four focus groups were undertaken with 17 workers at three Victorian residential houses in 2017. The findings reported in this paper were generated through the research question: What do workers perceive as the key challenges in caring for children & young people vulnerable to CSE in out of home
Social comparison-related emotional and enjoyment responses to entertainment television characters

ABSTRACT This study examines social comparison-related emotional and enjoyment responses to entertainment television characters. Participants (N = 294) were presented with eight possible programs and chose one for viewing. Afterwards, they reported their emotional responses to the content. Factors including program type (reality, scripted), characters’ social class (low, high), and characters’ lifestyle (youth-oriented, family-oriented) affected the social comparison-related emotional outcomes measured. Appreciation of the program positively correlated to both upward and downward social comparison-related emotional responses. Fun and entertainment positively correlated only to upward social comparison-related emotional responses.
Probabilistic direct load flow algorithm for unbalanced distribution networks considering uncertainties of PV and load

The increasing penetration of distributed generations such as rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) brings about great challenges to distribution network planning and operation, due to the great uncertainty and intermittence. Although many probabilistic load flow (PLF) approaches have been proposed to handle uncertainties in power systems, PLFs for unbalanced distribution networks with superior computational performance are still under demand. Therefore, this study presents a novel PLF algorithm for unbalanced distribution networks considering the uncertainties introduced by PVs and loads. Taking PVs and loads as the random inputs while three-phase voltages and network loss as the random outputs, the proposed PLF integrates the cumulant method and the Gram–Charlier expansion with the advanced direct load flow (DLF) approach to effectively address the unbalanced distribution PLF problems. Finally, the effectiveness and superior performance in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and robustness of the proposed PLF algorithm are verified by detailed simulations and compared with the Monte–Carlo Simulation method on a real Australian unbalanced distribution network.
Inhibitors of leucine rich repeat kinase 2

The present invention relates to novel compounds that inhibit LRRK2 kinase activity, to processes for their preparation, to compositions containing them and to their use in the treatment of or prevention of diseases associated with or characterized by LRRK2 kinase activity, for example Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
ADVANCEMENT OF OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE) IN MACHINING PROCESS INDUSTRY

Machining is an important process which is carried out in manufacturing industry. Machining is any of various processes in which a piece of raw material is cut into a desired final shape and size by a controlled material-removal process. The manufacturing industry has been experiencing a competitive environment and striving hard to find methods to improve quality, efficiency and productivity. In order to attain all these aspects, theorganization should introduce a maintenance system continuously. OEE is one of the performance evaluation methods that are most common in the production industries. In a manufacturing industry, the layout and material flow in the shop floor decides its productivity. To such a great extend the entire utilization of OEE would possibly results in large productivity. This project work has been carried out as a case study in a machining industry with the objective of reducing the idle time. The problems in the current shop floor are identified there by made a layout and analyzed through simulation. Then the problems which affect the machine efficiency are identified and corrective solutions are implemented. Then with those details the layout is modified, simulated and the results are compared with the current layout. The results revealed the cycle time.
Assessment of phenol compound removal from olive oil mill wastewater by using peroxidases extracted from radish and nettle leaves

The aim of this work is to evaluate the degree of degradation phenolic compounds in olive mill wastewater (OMW), using crude plant peroxidases. In fact, OMW was treated with crude peroxidases extracted from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and nettle (Urtica urens L.) leaves. A significant reduction of more than 60% of total phenols was observed in OMW incubated with peroxidase crude extract during seven days. The present chromatographic data obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) show that enzymatic treatment may change the composition of the polyphenols contained in the OMW. Thus, we observed a significant decrease in some phenolic acid levels, such as gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and hydroxytyrosol, and the disappearance of vanillic acid, compared to the non-treated OMW. Finally, phytotoxicity of the treated and non-treated OMW was tested by means of young sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus) grown in hydroponic medium. Our results showed that sunflower plants grow normally when the nutrient medium contains treated OMW; whereas they fade rapidly in the presence of non-treated OMW. We conclude that treatment of OMW with radish and nettle crude extracts could attenuate OMW phytotoxicity considerably.
BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC FACTOR MODELS USING MULTIVARIATE T DISTRIBUTION

The multivariate t models are symmetric and have heavier tail than the normal distribution and produce robust inference procedures for applications. In this paper, the Bayesian estimation of a dynamic factor model is presented, where the factors follow a multivariate autoregressive model, using the multivariate t distribution. Since the multivariate t distribution is complex, it was represented in this work as a mix of the multivariate normal distribution and a square root of a chi-square distribution. This method allowed the complete define of all the posterior distributions. The inference on the parameters was made taking a sample of the posterior distribution through a Gibbs Sampler. The convergence was verified through graphical analysis and the convergence diagnostics of Geweke (1992) and Raftery and Lewis (1992).
AMOVA and Statistical phylogeography

ij xixjδij , where xi is the frequency of the ith haplotype and δij is the fraction of nucleotides at which haplotypes i and j differ. It shouldn’t come to any surprise to you that just as there is interest in partitioning diversity within and among populations when we’re dealing with simple allelic variation, i.e., Wright’s F -statistics, there is interest in partitioning diversity within and among populations when we’re dealing with nucleotide sequence or other molecular data. We’ll see later that AMOVA can be used very generally to partition variation when there is a distance we can use to describe how different alleles are from one another, but for now, let’s stick with nucleotide sequence data for the moment and think of δij simply as the fraction of nucleotide sites at which two sequences differ.
Conectando biogeografia histórica e assembleias locais de aves de sub-bosque na Amazônia: áreas de endemismo, diversidade de espécies e proporcionalidade de guildas

Os padroes de diversidade das comunidades biologicas sao um reflexo de eventos historicos e contemporâneos que ocorrem em diferentes escalas espaciais. Na Amazonia, ha um consenso de que processos historicos relacionados ao estabelecimento da drenagem e das florestas de terra firme desencadearam eventos de vicariância, especiacao e dispersao, determinando o pool regional de especies. Adicionalmente, fatores ecologicos locais como a disponibilidade de recursos e as interacoes entre as especies sao importantes na manutencao dos padroes estabelecidos historicamente. As areas de endemismo (AE) sao unidades de interpretacao da biogeografia historica e investigar as assembleias nestas areas pode aperfeicoar nosso conhecimento sobre a interacao dos eventos historicos com a diversidade local. Nos investigamos os padroes de diversidade, composicao e estruturacao das assembleias de aves de sub-bosque de florestas de terra firme em sete areas de endemismo da Amazonia, usando dados de capturas de aves com redes de neblina, cedidos por diversos pesquisadores. Nosso trabalho buscou compreender se o efeito historico que resultou na delimitacao das areas de endemismo pode ser extrapolado para toda assembleia de aves, alem das especies endemicas, atuando nos padroes atuais de diversidade e composicao de especies. Averiguamos quais as guildas predominantes em cada AE e se ha uma substituicao das guildas entre as AE. Tambem testamos se existe proporcionalidade de guildas em cada area de endemismo. Os padroes de diversidade e composicao de especies foi distinto entre as sete AE estudadas, tanto na riqueza e composicao intrinseca das assembleias considerando todas as especies estudadas, como nas abundâncias relativas das especies amplamente distribuidas na Amazonia. A guilda dos insetivoros foi predominante em todas as areas e a proporcao de especies e individuos nas guildas permanece constante entre as areas de endemismo. Ha uma prevalencia de alpha guildas (proporcionalidade de guildas) em quase todas as areas investigadas. A substituicao de especies entre as areas de endemismo nao ocorre de forma aleatoria e mantem as mesmas funcoes ecologicas das especies, indicando uma certa homogeneidade na disponibilidade de recursos das florestas de terra firme. A prevalencia de alpha guildas indica que a competicao interespecifica e um forte fator estruturante das assembleias locais, provavelmente em um processo de limitacao de similaridade no tamanho corporal das especies. A congruencia entre a estruturacao das assembleias de aves de sub-bosque e as areas de endemismo demonstram o quanto processos historicos e evolutivos que atuam em larga escala, em conjunto com processos ecologicos locais, conduzem aos padroes atuais de diversidade e composicao de especies na Amazonia.
Crack growth through low-cycle fatigue loading of material ARMOX 500T

V. Pepel, A. Žerovnik, R. Kunc, I. Prebil, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia This paper presents microstructure analysis of the creation and growth of cracks in uniaxial load. Analyse were done for steel Armox 500T (armour sheet). Results show that cracks are present quit early in steel lifetime. First micro cracks occur before the 200th cycles, whereby crack growth is progressive during further loading. Also it can be seen that after a certain number of cycles there are more longer cracks then shorter ones.
How FinTech Enters China’s Credit Market

How does FinTech credit mitigate local credit supply frictions in China's segmented credit market? In our simple theoretical models, we show that FinTech credit (i) expands the extensive margin of credit to borrowers of lower credit scores and (ii) provides relatively more credit to borrowers with lower credit scores. We confirm both predictions based on comprehensive data from one of China's largest FinTech credit providers.
Conic Reformulations and Approximations to Some Subclasses of Nonconvex Quadratic Programming Problems.

DENG, ZHIBIN. Conic Reformulations and Approximations to Some Subclasses of Nonconvex Quadratic Programming Problems. (Under the direction of Dr. Shu-Cherng Fang.) In this dissertation, some subclasses of nonconvex quadratic programming problems are studied. We first study the nonconvex quadratic programming problem over the standard simplex with application to copositive matrix detection. A sequence of linear conic approximations are derived to bound the original problem by using semidefinite programming techniques. An algorithm based on the adaptive approach is developed to detect the copositivity of a given matrix. Then, we study the nonconvex quadratic programming problem over a set of convex quadratic constraints. A conic reformulation and approximation with an adaptive scheme for this problem is also developed. We proved that an -optimal solution can be obtained in a finite number of iterations using the proposed algorithm. Finally, we extend our study to the bounded nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic programming problem. A branch-andcut algorithm is developed to solve this problem based on some generalized linear and quadratic polar cuts. The finite termination of the proposed algorithm is proved and our numerical results confirm its superior performance over other known algorithms in the literature. Directions for future research are included at the end. Conic Reformulations and Approximations to Some Subclasses of Nonconvex Quadratic Programming Problems
Model-based problem solving through symbolic regression via pareto genetic programming

Pareto genetic programming methodology is extended by additional generic model selection and generation strategies that (1) drive the modeling engine to creation of models of reduced non-linearity and increased generalization capabilities, and (2) improve the effectiveness of the search for robust models by goal softening and adaptive fitness evaluations. In addition to the new strategies for model development and model selection, this dissertation presents a new approach for analysis, ranking, and compression of given multi-dimensional input-response data for the purpose of balancing the information content of undesigned data sets.