Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of seasonal dynamics in a Zostera noltii meadow on phosphorus and iron cycles in a tidal mudflat (Arcachon Bay, France)

A study was conducted in Arcachon Bay, France, to determine the effect of seasonal dynamics in a Zostera noltii meadow on P and Fe cycles in the superficial sediments of a tidal mud- flat. The redox-sensitive Fe particulate pool and associated P in the root zone showed a seasonal vari- ation following the growth and decay of Z. noltii biomass, with a maximum content during the growth period. In comparison, the bare sediments did not show significant seasonal changes. A dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) uptake was measured from the water column to the sediment in vege- tated sediments, whereas a net DIP efflux was observed in the unvegetated sediments. During the growth period, the formation of an iron oxihydroxide-rich zone occurred and acted as a trap for dis- solved phosphorus, constituting a reserve of available P for eelgrass growth. At the periphery of the rhizosphere, a strong reduction of the sediment occurred during the growth phase, probably due to increasing organic matter inputs via the roots. The iron oxihydroxide dissolution releases Fe(II) and the recently bound phosphorus to the pore water, making it available for assimilation by the eelgrass roots for growth metabolism. Fe(II) is re-oxidized to solid Fe(III) forms depleted in P into the root zone, or re-precipitated below as sulphur forms. The highest P uptake occurs by this process, and the sea- sonal variations in redox-sensitive P stock are sufficient to support the annual Z. noltii P requirement. During the decline period, as the P plant demand and the oxic layer thickness drop, the unused released DIP pool supplies large amounts of DIP to the pore water and water column.
Targeted exome sequencing designed for blood group, platelet, and neutrophil antigen investigations: Proof‐of‐principle study for a customized single‐test system

Immunohematology reference laboratories provide red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT), and neutrophil typing to resolve complex cases, using serology and commercial DNA tests that define clinically important antigens. Broad‐range exome sequencing panels that include blood group targets provide accurate blood group antigen predictions beyond those defined by serology and commercial typing systems and identify rare and novel variants. The aim of this study was to design and assess a panel for targeted exome sequencing of RBC, PLT, and neutrophil antigen–associated genes to provide a comprehensive profile in a single test, excluding unrelated gene targets.
Volumetric changes in alveolar ridge preservation with a compromised buccal wall: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Many studies have addressed socket preservation, though fewer publications considering buccal wall loss can be found, since the literature typically considers sockets with four walls. A systematic review was made on the influence of type II buccal bone defects, according to Elian’s Classification, in socket grafting materials upon volumetric changes in width and height. Material and Methods An electronic and manual literature search was conducted in accordance to PRISMA statement. The search strategy was restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) describing post-extraction sockets with loss of buccal wall in which alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) was carried out in the test group and spontaneous healing of the socket (SH) was considered in the control group. Results The search strategy yielded 7 studies. The meta-analysis showed an additional bone loss of 2.37 mm in width (p > 0.001) and of 1.10 mm in height (p > 0.001) in the absence of ARP. The reconstruction of the vestibular wall was not evaluated in any study. The results also showed moderate to great heterogeneity among the included studies in terms of the changes in width and height. Conclusions Despite the heterogeneity of the included studies, the results indicate a benefit of ARP versus SH. Further studies are needed to determine the volumetric changes that occur when performing ARP in the presence of a buccal bone wall defect. Key words:Alveolar ridge preservation, buccal wall defect, volumetric changes, bone loss, meta-analysis.
VESSEL-LENGTH DISTRIBUTION IN BRANCHES, STEM AND ROOTS OF ACER RUBRUM L.

Summary Every part of the tree contains a range of vessel lengths, and always a much larger percen­ tage of short than long vessels. Vessel diameter and longest vessel length increase from twigs to branches, down along the stem, to the long, rope-like roots. The percentage of vessels in the shortest length class decreases in the same di­ rection. Although red maple is considered a dif­ fuse-porous species, vessels in latewood are nar­ rower and shorter than in the earlywood in any given part of the tree.
Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content

The nitrogen content of a plant is only one of the many plant characteristics that are vitally important to herbivores. However, because of its central role in all metabolic processes as well as in cellular structure and genetic coding, nitrogen is a critical element in the growth of all organisms. Supplementary N often elicits enhanced health, growth, reproduction, and survival in many organisms. This suggests that N is a limiting factor. Since N makes up a large portion of the earth's atmosphere (about 78%), the problem is not an absolute but a relative shortage-that is, a scarcity of usable or metaboliza­ ble N during critical growth periods (159, 328). Plants encounter shortages of inorganic nitrogen (nitrate and/or ammonium ions); animals experience shortages of organic nitrogen (specific proteins and/or amino acids). This article reviews and examines the evidence (a) that N is scarce and perhaps a limiting nutrient for many herbivores, and (b) that in response to this selection pressure, many herbivores have evolved specific behavioral, morphological, physiological, and other adaptations to cope with and uti­ lize the ambient N levels of their normal haunts. McNeill & Southwood (201) and White (328) have also reviewed these general questions. There­ fore, this review explores additional evidence and further develops the fundamental arguments. The review is organized into three major divisions. The first focuses on important sources of variation in plant N (seasonal and ontogenetic trends, different tissues and species, etc) because such variation may be the basis
Mild-to-moderate schizotypal traits relate to physiological arousal from social stress

Abstract Schizotypy denotes psychosis-like experiences, such as perceptual aberration, magical ideation, and social anxiety. Altered physiological arousal from social stress is found in people with high schizotypal traits. Two experiments aimed to determine the relationship of schizotypy to physiological arousal from social stress. Experiment 1 tested the hypotheses that heart rate from social stress would be greater in high, than mild-to-moderate, schizotypal traits, and disorganized schizotypy would explain this effect because of distress from disorganisation. Experiment 1 tested social stress in 16 participants with high schizotypal traits and 10 participants with mild-to-moderate schizotypal traits. The social stress test consisted of a public speech and an informal discussion with strangers. The high schizotypal group had a higher heart rate than the mild-to-moderate schizotypal group during the informal discussion with strangers, but not during the public speech. Disorganized schizotypy accounted for this group difference. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that mild-to-moderate schizotypal traits would have a linear relationship with physiological arousal from social stress. Experiment 2 tested 24 participants with mild-to-moderate schizotypal traits performing the abovementioned social stress test while their heart rate and skin conductance responses were measured. Mild-to-moderate schizotypal traits had a linear relationship with physiological arousal during the discussion with strangers. Distress in disorganized schizotypy may explain the heightened arousal from close social interaction with strangers in high schizotypy than mild-to-moderate schizotypy. Mild-to-moderate schizotypal traits may have a linear relationship with HR during close social interaction because of difficulty with acclimatizing to the social interaction.
Vitamin D metabolites, D3 and D2, and their independent associations with depression symptoms among adults in the United States

ABSTRACT Background: The two metabolites of vitamin D; serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and D2 (25(OH)D2), and their independent roles in mood regulation are unexplored. This study aims to examine 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 and their interplay with depression symptoms. Materials and Methods: Utilizing data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2011, 2013–2014), a cross-sectional study was conducted. Depression was assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and those with total score ≥5 were considered as having mild to severe depression symptoms. 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2, the clinical markers of vitamins D3 and D2, were measured. Weighted logistic regressions were utilized to examine the adjusted association between 25(OH)D3 and depression, and the effect modification of 25(OH)D2. Results: The sample included 11,471 participants aged 20–80 years. Of those, 23.4% reported symptoms of depression, 28.9% had 25(OH)D3 deficiencies(<20 ng/mL), and 21.5% exhibited presence of 25(OH)D2(>0.6 ng/mL). After adjustment, among participants with presence of 25(OH)D2, those who had 25(OH)D3 deficiencies were more likely by 54% to report depression symptoms (OR = 1.54,95%CI:1.14–2.07). In fact, among participants with nearly no 25(OH)D2 presence, a significant effect estimate between 25(OH)D3 deficiency and depression symptom was not observed(OR = 1.11,95%CI:0.94–1.31). Conclusions: Both vitamin D metabolites retain an independent and significant role in mood regulation. The study provides valuable insights on vitamin D3 and its significant relationship with depression symptoms in the presence of vitamin D2. Further research is required to elucidate the distinct mechanisms of these two vitamin D metabolites on depression.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth: An Important Marker of Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) refers to the capacity of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to skeletal muscle mitochondria for energy production needed during physical activity. CRF is an important marker of physical and mental health and academic achievement in youth. However, only 40% of US youth are currently believed to have healthy CRF. In this statement, we review the physiological principles that determine CRF, the tools that are available to assess CRF, the modifiable and nonmodifiable factors influencing CRF, the association of CRF with markers of health in otherwise healthy youth, and the temporal trends in CRF both in the United States and internationally. Development of a cost-effective CRF measurement process that could readily be incorporated into office visits and in field settings to screen all youth periodically could help identify those at increased risk.
Elevating EGFR-MAPK program by a nonconventional Cdc42 enhances intestinal epithelial survival and regeneration

The regulatory mechanisms enabling the intestinal epithelium to maintain a high degree of regenerative capacity during mucosal injury remain unclear. Ex vivo survival and clonogenicity of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) strictly required growth response mediated by cell division control 42 (Cdc42) and Cdc42-deficient enteroids to undergo rapid apoptosis. Mechanistically, Cdc42 engaging with EGFR was required for EGF-stimulated, receptor-mediated endocytosis and sufficient to promote MAPK signaling. Proteomics and kinase analysis revealed that a physiologically, but nonconventionally, spliced Cdc42 variant 2 (V2) exhibited stronger MAPK-activating capability. Human CDC42-V2 is transcriptionally elevated in some colon tumor tissues. Accordingly, mice engineered to overexpress Cdc42-V2 in intestinal epithelium showed elevated MAPK signaling, enhanced regeneration, and reduced mucosal damage in response to irradiation. Overproducing Cdc42-V2 specifically in mouse ISCs enhanced intestinal regeneration following injury. Thus, the intrinsic Cdc42-MAPK program is required for intestinal epithelial regeneration, and elevating this signaling cascade is capable of initiating protection from genotoxic injury.
Host plant-mediated effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth and developmental parameters of Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract Mexican beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleptera: Chrysomelidae) is a potential weed control biocontrol agent in Australia, India and other countries. Its grubs and adults feed on the leaves of parthenium weed, Parthenium hysterophorus and check the further growth of the plant. Experiments were conducted to understand host plant-mediated effects of elevated temperature and elevated CO2 on biocontrol agent Z. bicolorata. Food consumption, utilization, ecological efficiency and life-table parameters of Z. bicolorata were studied in grubs and adults stage up to diapause. Reduction of leaf nitrogen in parthenium weed foliage with a significant increase in carbon and C:N ratio was recorded at elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 and temperature had no effect on adult longevity before diapausing. Duration of egg's hatching, specific stages of grub and pupa of Z. bicolorata were significantly longer when beetles fed on leaves grown under elevated CO2 but these parameters decreased significantly on leaves grown under elevated temperature. Significantly high consumption rates with low growth and digestion conversions were observed under elevated CO2 and/or in coupled with elevated temperature. Elevated CO2 and temperature-grown parthenium weed foliage also had a significant effect on Z. bicolorata intrinsic rate of increase (R), finite rate of increase (λ), mean generation time (T), and gross reproductive rate. Changed quality of parthenium weed leaves in elevated CO2 and temperature levels resulted in the increase of consumption, slower food conversion rates, increase in developmental period with reduced reproduction efficiency of Z. bicolorata. Our results indicate that the reproduction efficiency of Z. bicolorata is likely to be reduced as the climate changes, despite increased feeding rates exhibited by grubs and adult beetles on parthenium weed foliage.
A Systematic Review of Mental Health Disorders of Children in Foster Care

Objectives: This article summarizes the rate of mental health disorders of foster children, the specific types of disorders faced by this population, and how factors such as type of abuse or placement variables can affect mental health outcomes. Method: A search in PsycInfo Ovid, EMBASE Elsevier, and Cochrane Library Wiley resulted in 5,042 manuscripts that were independently reviewed by two authors, yielding 25 articles. Inclusion criteria: Published in or after 2000, written in English, and having a population sample of foster children (ages 0–18) in Western countries including the United States, Norway, Australia, and Canada. Results: Foster children have higher rates of mental health disorders than those of the general population. The most common diagnoses include oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and reactive attachment disorder. Variables such as type of maltreatment and type of placement predicted mental health outcomes. Conclusions and implications of key findings: Children in foster care experience more mental health disorders, as a response to either the circumstances that led to being removed from their homes or the experience of being placed in foster care. These results demonstrate the necessity for providers to consider mental health issues when caring for children in foster care and to perform appropriate screenings and assessments. With adequate trauma-informed training, providers can quickly become comfortable and competent in identifying mental health needs of children in foster care who have experienced trauma.
Mitochondrial Transplantation by Intra-Arterial Injection for Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical disorder and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period. In this study, the safety and efficacy of autologous mitochondrial transplantation by intra-arterial injection for renal protection in a swine model of bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) was investigated. Female Yorkshire pigs underwent percutaneous bilateral temporary occlusion of the renal arteries with balloon-catheters. Following 60 minutes ischemia, the balloon catheters were deflated and the animals received either autologous mitochondria suspended in vehicle or vehicle alone, delivered as a single bolus to the renal arteries. The injected mitochondria were rapidly taken up by the kidney and were distributed throughout the tubular epithelium of cortex and medulla. There were no safety related issues detected with mitochondrial transplantation. Following 24 hours of reperfusion, estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine output were significantly increased while serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly decreased in swine receiving mitochondria as compared to those receiving vehicle. Gross anatomy, histopathological analysis, acute tubular necrosis scoring and transmission electron microscopy showed that the renal cortex of vehicle group had extensive coagulative necrosis of primarily proximal tubules, while the mitochondrial transplanted kidney showed only patchy mild acute tubular injury. Renal cortex IL-6 expression was significantly increased in Vehicle kidneys as compared to the kidneys receiving mitochondrial transplantation. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial transplantation by intra-arterial injection provides renal protection from IRI, significantly enhancing renal function and reducing renal damage.
THE PARASITIC COPEPODA AND BRANCHIURA OF THE FISHES OF LAKE VICTORIA AND THE VICTORIA NILE

An account is given of the parasitic Crustacea of the fishes of Lake Victoria and the Victoria Nile. Seven species of Copepoda, of which three are new, and three species of Branchiura, of which one is new, are described. Biological data are given and the fauna is discussed from a zoogeographical standpoint.
Social Networking Site Use, Positive Emotions, and Job Performance

ABSTRACT With the increasing use of social networking sites, within and outside work hours, it is reasonable to ask whether that use has any impact on job performance and why. This study draws on the technology acceptance model and theory of positive emotions to develop an extended theoretical model centered on social networking site use. We focus on use, but not excessive use, recognizing that negative outcomes may result from social networking site addiction. The model incorporates predictors of social networking site use as well as organizational effects of this use, including its effect on job performance. To conduct an initial test of the model we collected and analyzed data from 178 Facebook users. While we investigated Facebook use in general, within and outside work hours, our results control for the existence of policies limiting social network site use at work. The analysis employed factor-based structural equation modeling using the software WarpPLS. The results suggest that positive emotions related to the use of social networking sites, in terms of increased job satisfaction and organizational commitment, are associated with increased job performance.
Endostatin attenuates heart failure via inhibiting reactive oxygen species in myocardial infarction rats

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether endostatin overexpression could improve cardiac function, hemodynamics, and fibrosis in heart failure (HF) via inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS). The HF models were established by inducing ischemia myocardial infarction (MI) through ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Endostatin level in serum was increased in MI rats. The decrease in cardiac function and hemodynamics in MI rats were enhanced by endostatin overexpression. Endostatin overexpression inhibited the increase in collagen I, collagen III, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP9 in the hearts of MI rats. MI-induced cardiac hypertrophy was reduced by endostatin overexpression. The increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anions, the promoted NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox) activity, and the reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in MI rats were reversed by endostatin overexpression. Nox4 overexpression inhibited the cardiac protective effects of endostatin. These results demonstrated that endostatin improved cardiac dysfunction and hemodynamics, and attenuated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy via inhibiting oxidative stress in MI-induced HF rats.
Prolonged development time of the bark beetle predator Thanasimus formicarius (Col.: Cleridae) in relation to its prey species Tomicus piniperda (L.) and Ips typographus (L.) (Col.: Scolytidae)

1 The generation time of the bark beetle predator Thanasimus formicarius (L.) (Col.: Cleridae) was found to be predominantly two years both in the field and in rearing experiments conducted with two of its main prey species, the pine shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda (L.) and the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) (Col.: Scolytidae).
Selective breeding in domestic dogs: How selecting for a short face impacted canine neuroanatomy

The range of cranial morphology seen in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) is a direct result of thousands of years of selective breeding. This article is the first to investigate how selection for reduced faces in brachycephalic dogs impacted the neuroanatomy of the canine brain through the analysis of endocasts. Previous research has demonstrated global effects on the shape of the bony cranium as the result of these breeding practices; however, these studies have largely focused on the bony structures of the skull and failed to consider the influence of facial reduction on the soft tissues of the brain. We generated endocasts from an existing set of clinically‐obtained CT scans representing a variety of dogs with various cranial morphologies. These dogs represented four breeds as well as a comparative sample of dogs of unknown breed. We recorded three‐dimensional coordinate data for 31 landmarks representing various gyri, sulci, and other neuroanatomical landmarks that allowed us to analyze differences in shape of the endocasts. Through geometric morphometric analyses, we determined that the endocast shape variance in this sample is correlated with cephalic index, and thus the selection for facial reduction has caused a perceivable effect on canine neuroanatomy. Additionally, we found the majority of the shape variance in the sample to be associated with olfactory anatomy; however, the rest of the morphology also correlates with cephalic index. The results of this article indicate that modern breeding practices and the selection for dogs with short faces have significantly influenced canine neuroanatomy.