Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prenatal lead exposure: associations with growth and anthropometry in early childhood in a UK observational birth cohort study

Background: Lead is a neurotoxic metal that crosses the placenta freely. It has adverse effects on a range of birth outcomes. The few studies reporting on the associations of prenatal exposure to lead and child growth have had conflicting results. This study aimed to examine the effect of prenatal exposure to lead on children’s growth from 4 to 61 months of age. Methods: Pregnant women were enrolled in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Whole blood samples for pregnancies with a live birth were analysed for lead (n=4140). A 10% subsample of the offspring cohort (Children in Focus) were invited to clinics at 10 time points (4–61 months) at which anthropometric measurements were carried out; z-scores for height, weight and BMI were calculated using the 1990 British Growth Reference Standards. Associations between prenatal log10-lead concentrations and z-scores and other anthropometric measures were modelled using adjusted linear regression models in an imputed dataset for children who attended at least one clinic (n=574). Results: The median prenatal blood lead concentration was 3.60 (IQR 2.61–4.16) µg/dl. There was no evidence for any associations of prenatal lead exposure with z-scores for BMI, height or weight in adjusted models from age 4 to 61 months. There were no associations for other anthropometric measures including mid-upper arm circumference, head circumference and waist circumference. There was some evidence for a weakly positive effect of prenatal lead exposure on head circumference in girls at age 43 and 61 months (at 61 months unstandardised B coefficient 1.59 (95% CI 0.12, 3.16) cm, p=0.048) but not at other ages. Conclusions: There was no consistent evidence of associations between prenatal exposure to lead and measures of growth and anthropometry from age 4 to 61 months in this cohort of children in the UK.
Methodology for the digital simulation of open quantum systems

Quantum simulation of quantum systems is an extremely active ﬁeld of contemporary research. In this paper a brief introduction is given to this ﬁeld, with an emphasis on the distinction between analog and digital quantum simulations. Furthermore, conventional methods for the digital quantum simulation of Hamiltonian simulation are discussed and generalisations of these methods for the digital simulation of open quantum systems are presented.
Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Multi-Resolution Multi-Direction Filtering-Based CLBP Texture Features and Color Autocorrelogram Features

We propose a content-based image retrieval system that uses a combination of completed local binary pattern (CLBP) and color autocorrelogram. CLBP features are extracted on a multi-resolution multi-direction filtered domain of value component. Color autocorrelogram features are extracted in two dimensions of hue and saturation components. Experiment results revealed that the proposed method yields a lot of improvement when compared with the methods that use partial features employed in the proposed method. It is also superior to the conventional CLBP, the color autocorrelogram using R, G, and B components, and the multichannel decoded local binary pattern which is one of the latest methods.
Improving sugarcane bagasse quality as ruminant feed with Lactobacillus, cellulase, and molasses

Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus, cellulase, and molasses on chemical composition, fermentation qualities, and microorganism count of sugarcane bagasse silage after 30-days fermentation. The treatments were arranged according to a factorial arrangement (2 × 2 × 2) + 1, in a complete randomized design. The first factor consisted of two levels of Lactobacillus casei TH14 (TH14, 0 and 0.05 g/kg fresh matter; the second factor consisted of two levels of cellulase enzyme (C, 0 and 104 U/kg fresh matter); and the third factor consisted of two levels of molasses (M, 0 and 5 g/ 100 mL distilled water). A treatment (+1) referred to the use of rice straw without any treatments. The result showed that dry matter increased by 4% and neutral detergent fiber decreased by 2% of sugarcane bagasse when ensiled as a combination of additives as compared to untreated sugarcane bagasse. The pH and ammonia nitrogen were significantly dropped to 3.5 and 2.3 g/kg dry matter. Furthermore, lactic acid was increased by 64% when compared to untreated sugarcane bagasse, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria count was increased by 28% as compared to untreated sugarcane bagasse. Based on this experiment, fermenting with L. casei TH14, cellulase, and molasses in combination resulted in the promotion of the best qualities of sugarcane bagasse silage.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIG DATA FOR SECURITY INCIDENT AND EVENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

: Big Data is a collection of data sets. It is so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using on-hand database management tools or traditional data processing applications. Data is accumulating from almost all aspects of our everyday lives that it becomes huge and multi-structured and has hidden useful information. The challenges with Big Data include capture, curation, storage, search, sharing, transfer, analysis, and visualization. Big Data provides materials for mining hidden patterns to support innovation mostly by data mining. The interaction research with Big Data support methods for innovation is rare at present. Knowledge discovered by data mining is novel and quantitative. However, it still lacks a uniform knowledge management model to support the innovation process effectively. The fact shows that since there emergence, big data techniques are changing very fast. In this paper, developing and maintaining the information security system to illustrate how those big data systems evolve and also describes some key design factors and challenges for future big data systems. Proposed design generic systems that can provide near real-time analytic services for many netease applications, such as spam detection, game log analysis and social community mining. No solutions can address all big data problems, especially when data size keeps increasing, more complex user requirements need to handle, the emergence of new hardware violates the old design and the old system becomes too complicated for maintenance. We face a series of technical challenges that have not been well addressed by both academic community and industry.
Improving the Utilization of Micro-operation Caches in x86 Processors

Most modern processors employ variable length, Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) instructions to reduce instruction fetch energy cost and bandwidth requirements. High throughput decoding of CISC instructions requires energy hungry logic for instruction identification. Efficient CISC instruction execution motivated mapping them to fixed length micro-operations (also known as uops). To reduce costly decoder activity, commercial CISC processors employ a micro-operations cache (uop cache) that caches uop sequences, bypassing the decoder. Uop cache’s benefits are: (1) shorter pipeline length for uops dispatched by the uop cache, (2) lower decoder energy consumption, and, (3) earlier detection of mispredicted branches.In this paper, we observe that a uop cache can be heavily fragmented under certain uop cache entry construction rules. Based on this observation, we propose two complementary optimizations to address fragmentation: Cache Line boundary AgnoStic uoP cache design (CLASP) and uop cache compaction. CLASP addresses the internal fragmentation caused by short, sequential uop sequences, terminated at the I-cache line boundary, by fusing them into a single uop cache entry. Compaction further lowers fragmentation by placing to the same uop cache entry temporally correlated, non-sequential uop sequences mapped to the same uop cache set. Our experiments on a x86 simulator using a wide variety of benchmarks show that CLASP improves performance up to 5.6% and lowers decoder power up to 19.63%. When CLASP is coupled with the most aggressive compaction variant, performance improves by up to 12.8% and decoder power savings are up to 31.53%.
A Comprehensive Analyses of Intrusion Detection System for IoT Environment

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) network, is increasingly becoming a ubiquitous connectivity between different advanced applications such as smart cities, smart homes, smart grids, and many others. The emerging network of smart devices and objects enables people to make smart decisions through machine to machine (M2M) communication. Most real-world security and IoT-related challenges are vulnerable to various attacks that pose numerous security and privacy challenges. Therefore, IoT offers efficient and effective solutions. intrusion detection system (IDS) is a solution to address security and privacy challenges with detecting different IoT attacks. To develop an attack detection and a stable network, this paper’s main objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of existing intrusion detections system for IoT environment, cyber-security threats challenges, and transparent problems and concerns are analyzed and discussed. In this paper, we propose software-defined IDS based distributed cloud architecture, that provides a secure IoT environment. Experimental evaluation of proposed architecture shows that it has better detection and accuracy than traditional methods.
REAL-TIME ABERRATION CORRECTION FOR MEDICAL ULTRASOUND

To fully realize the potential of ultrasound imaging, large arrays providing full three-dimensional focusing and diffraction limited resolution must be developed. Due to spatial heterogeneities in the sound velocity, however, several key problems limiting overall image quality must be overcome before such arrays will be clinically useful. We have developed phase aberration correction methods for 2-D anisotropic arrays to minimize the effect of sound velocity variation on image quality. Two methods have been tested to estimate phase profiles with a single transmit pulse using signals from speckle generating scatterers. The first employs crosscorrelation between all pairs of neighboring elements. In the other, cross-correlation between signals on all elements and the beam sum are used. Both have advantages and disadvantages for realtime implementation. Nevertheless, each can produce robust aberration corrections yielding greatly improved image quality. A scanner with circuitry for real-time aberration correction has been constructed and tested. Results from this system strongly suggest that marked improvement in clinical image quality can be obtained with realtime aberration correction.
How Do We Define Success with the Lean Startup?

Most management discussions pose a fundamental question in determining the viability of a strategy− does it translate to success? Such a question applies to the lean startup phenomenon, a popular entrepreneurship strategy that embraces a scientific, hypothesis-driven approach to identify and validate scalable products and business models. There are many different definitions of success and similarly for that associated with the lean startup. This paper aims to (1) provide a contextual discussion around the success questions related to the lean startup and (2) open a dialogue that will lead to collaborative research efforts. It summarizes nascent empiric literature related to lean startup (and associated concepts) with success and finds nine relevant contributions, of which one fulfills the standard of rigor. This narrative includes a broad review of the organizational learning, business model (business model innovation), and the lean startup literature streams. This effort leads to three thematic areas that help to identify gaps and provocative questions to explore. Such research leads to an overarching question and several secondary inquiries to guide further literature review and proposition and hypothesis development. In closing, this narrative posits two study ideas based on: (1) an organizational learning (and utilizing Crosan’s framework for organizational renewal) lens leading to two qualitative-oriented questions; and (2) organizational learning and performance management lenses steering several quantitative queries and an input-output model to investigate the relationships.
Speculative Enforcement of Store Atomicity

Various memory consistency model implementations (e.g., x86, SPARC) willfully allow a core to see its own stores while they are in limbo, i.e., executed (and perhaps retired) but not yet inserted in memory order. This is known as store-to-load forwarding and it is a necessity to safeguard the local thread's sequential program semantics while achieving high performance. However, this can lead to counter-intuitive behaviours, requiring fences to prevent such behaviours when needed.Other vendors (e.g., IBM 370 and the z/Architecture series) opt for enforcing what we call in this work store atomicity, that is, disallowing a core to see its own stores before they are written to memory, trading off performance for a more intuitive memory model. Ideally, we want a stricter model to ease programability at the same time that architects can provide high-performance solutions. We make a simple observation. What holds for any other rule in a consistency model, also holds for store atomicity: it is not a crime to break the rule, unless we get caught.In this work, we detail the different ways of detecting a store atomicity violation. This leads us to a new insight: a load performed by a forwarding from an in-limbo store is not speculative; younger loads performed after that forwarding are. Based on this insight we propose an effective and cheap speculative approach to dynamically enforce store atomicity only when the detection of its violation actually occurs. In practice, these cases are rare during the execution of a program. In all other cases (the bulk of the execution of a program) store-to-load forwarding can be done without violating store atomicity. The end result is that we provide the best of both worlds: a more intuitive store-atomic memory model, i.e., the 370 model, with the performance and cost approaching (at an average of just 2.5% and 2.7% overhead for parallel and sequential applications, respectively) that of a non-store-atomic model, i.e., the x86 model.
Effects of different levels of crude protein and protease on nitrogen utilization, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance in growing pigs

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of crude protein (CP) and protease on nitrogen (N) utilization, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance in growing pigs. A total of six crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) barrows were individually accepted in 1.2 m × 0.7 m × 0.96 m stainless steel metabolism cages. The pigs (average initial body weight of 27.91 ± 1.84 kg) randomly assigned to six diets with six weeks (6 × 6 Latin square design). The experiment was carried out in an environment with a temperature of 23 ± 1.5°C, a relative humidity of 83 ± 2.3% and a wind speed of 0.25 ± 0.03 m/s. The dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design with two levels of CP (15.3% or 17.1%) and three levels of protease (0 ppm, 150 ppm, or 300 ppm). The average daily gain and gain to feed ratio (G:F) tended to increase (p = 0.074) with increasing amounts of protease. The low CP level diet reduced (p < 0.050) urinary and fecal N concentrations, the total N excretion in feces, and increased (p < 0.050) N retention. Different protease levels in the diet did not affect (p > 0.05) at N intake, but supplementation of the diets with 300 ppm protease decreased (p < 0.050) the N concentration in urine and feces and tended to increase (p = 0.061) the percentage of N retention retained of the total N intake. The dietary CP level did not affect (p > 0.050) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, digestible energy (DE), and metabolic energy (ME), but diet supplementation with 300 ppm protease showed higher (p < 0.050) ATTD of DE and ME than in the protease-free diet. Therefore, a low protein diet with protease could improve the utilization of nitrogen, thereby reducing the negative effect of N excretion into the environment while maintaining or increasing growth performance compared to a high protein diet.
An approach toward a course in the principles of parasitism.

In an age when scientific discovery proceeds with such rapidity as at present it is not easy to keep teaching (even at the undergraduate college level) in pace with knowledge-to conserve the firm essentials of older learning, add the new, show the unexplored frontiers, balance topic against topic, meet changing student needs, yet keep the whole of any course or textbook within workable limits of time and
Enhancing education in Palliative Medicine: the role of Systematic Scoping Reviews

Enhancing education in Palliative Medicine: the role of Systematic Scoping Reviews Nur Haidah Ahmad Kamala,b, Lorraine Hui En Tana,b, Ruth Si Man Wong a,b, Ryan Rui Song Ong a,b, Ryan Ern Wei Seow a,b, Eleanor Kei Ying Loh a,b, Zheng Hui Mah a,b, Min Chiamc*, Annelissa Mien Chew Chind, Jamie Xuelian Zhoub,e, Gillian Li Gek Phuab,e, Eng Koon Ongb,e, Jin Wei Kwekc,e,f, Kiley Wei-Jen Lohc,e,g and Lalit Kumar Radha Krishnaa-c,e,h-j a Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597 b Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore; 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610 c Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore; 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610 d Medical Library, National University of Singapore Libraries, National University of Singapore; Block MD 6, 14 Medical Drive, #05-01 Singapore 117599 e Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore; 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857 f Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre Singapore; 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610 g Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore; 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610 h Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore; Blk MD 11, 10 Medical Drive #02-03 Singapore 117597 i Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, University of Liverpool; Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool L3 9TA, United Kingdom j PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, Singapore; 10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433 Palliative Medicine & Care: Open Access Open Access Review Article
Twin-Grid Array as 3.6 GHz Epidermal Antenna for Potential Backscattering 5G Communication

Emerging 5G infrastructures can boost innovative paradigms for future wearable and epidermal devices exploiting low-power (even passive) wireless backscattering-based communication. To compensate high body and path losses, and to extend the read range, array configurations are required. This letter proposes a flexible monolithic epidermal layout, based on the Krauss array concept, that operates at 3.6 GHz, and it is suitable to be directly attached to the human body. The antenna involves a dual-grid configuration with a main radiating grid backed by a grid reflector placed in touch with the skin. Overall, the number of conductors and dielectric substrates is minimized with benefit to breathability. The antenna is suitable for surface feeding and produces a broadside radiation. Parametric analysis is performed, and an optimal configuration of a four-cell grid is derived and experimentally demonstrated to provide a maximum gain of more than 6 dBi
Influence of Rosemary Extract on Immune Responses and Oxidative Stress in Mice Intoxicated by Aflatoxins

A research study was conducted to investigate the impact of rosemary extract (RM) as a natural antioxidant on immune responses and oxidative stress in mice challenged with aflatoxins (AFB1). Seventy five samples of feeds included poultry ration, processed animal meal and bone and blood meal (25 of each), were subjected for mycological and aflatoxin detection. The results revealed that 8 genera of fungi and one genus of yeast were recovered. Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) was recovered from all tested feed samples of poultry ration, processed animal meal and bone and blood meal in a significant frequency (72%, 64% and 60%) respectively. Significant levels of aflatoxins were produced by A.flavus that recovered from the feed samples included in this work , where the maximum toxin level was obtained from A. flavus (86.6%)that isolated from bone and blood meal which produced the mean level of 70 ± 0.2ppb aflatoxins, followed by those isolated from poultry ration ( 66.6‰ with mean level of 33.5±0.61ppb). Whereas, A. flavus that recoverd from processed animal meal produced the lower level of aflatoxins with a relatively lower incidence (56.2‰ with mean level of 7.6±0.1ppb). A total of 60 BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into three equal groups, 1 gp as control, 2 gp orally treated with AFB1 (50 ug/0.1ml/mice/day) and 3 gp orally treated with AFB1 (50 ug/0.1ml/mice/day) plus RM extract (1000 mg/ kg b.wt./day) for 3 weeks. The peritoneal macrophages were isolated from these animals and mononuclear cells activation was determined. Immunological parameters indicated that proliferation of peritoneal macrophages was higher in the 3 gp than 2 gp. It is interesting to report that the releases of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum have been regulated against AFB1 toxicity. MAD and GSH levels and catalase activity in hemolysate have provoked a high correlation between RM extract intake and the improved functions of total antioxidant enzymes under oxidative stress induced by the aflatoxin challenge. From the foregoing results it was concluded that antioxidant components of RM extract were able to improve the impaired immune responses and oxidative disorders from oxidizing agents which produced during experimental aflatoxigenesis. Therefore, the RM extract could be used as an alternative compound to antioxidants which have dangerous side effects to human and animal health. The significance of our results was fully discussed. [Sahar, T. Ahmad; Abeer, S. Hafez; Manal, A. Hassan and Mogda, K. Mansour. Influence of Rosemary Extract on Immune Responses and Oxidative Stress in Mice Intoxicated by Aflatoxins. Nature and Science 2011;9(10):5463]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub. net.
Deliberate facial movement.

EKMAN, PAUL; ROPER, GOWEN; and HAGER, JOSEPH C. Deliberate Facial Movement. CmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1980, 51, 886-891. Children aged 5, 9, and 13 years tried to imitate elemental and complex facial actions. Performance improved with age, and also when the children had the benefits of practice, encouragement, and seeing themselves in a mirror. The ability to imitate elemental actions correlated with the ability to imitate complex expressions. Certain actions, primarily those involved in fear, sadness, and anger, were difficult even for the oldest group. The relationship between making faces by deliberate action and making faces by selfgenerating an emotion experience is discussed.