Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Search Strategies and the Adaptive Significance of Switching in Some General Predators

Batzli, G. O. , and F. A. Pitelka. 1971. Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California vole Microtus californicus. J. Mammal. 52 :141-163. Drozdz, A. 1966. Food habits and food supply of rodents in the beech forest. Acta Theriologica 11: 363-384. Fleharty, E. D. , and L. E. Olson. 1969. Summer food habits of Microtus ochrogaster and Sigmodon hispidus. J. Mammal. 50:475-486. Freeland, W. J. 1974. Vole cycles: another hypothesis. Amer. Natur. 108:238-245. Freeland, W. J., and D. H. Janzen. 1974. Strategies of herbivory in mammals: the role of plant secondary compounds. Amer. Natur. 108:269-289. Harborne, J. B. , ed. 1972. Phytochemical ecology. Academic Press, New York. Myers, G. T. , and T. A. Vaughan. 1964. Food habits of the plains pocket gopher in eastern Colorado. J. Mammal. 45:588-598. Thompson, D. Q. 1965. Food preferences of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) in relation to habitat affinities. Amer. Midland Natur. 74:76-86. Westoby, M. 1974. An analysis of diet selection by large generalist herbivores. Amer. Natur. 108:290-304. Wilcoxon, F. , and R. Wilcox. 1964. Some rapid approximate statistical procedures. American Cyanamid Co., Stamford, Conn. Zemanek, M. 1972. Food and feeding habits of rodents in a deciduous forest. Acta Theriologica 23:315-325. Zimmerman, E. G. 1965. A comparison of habitat and food of two species of Microtus. J. Mammal. 46:605-612.
The regulatory region of the human plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) gene

The human gene for plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) has been isolated and its promoter region characterized. PAI-1 regulation by glucocorticoids, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and the phorbol ester PMA is shown to be exerted at the promoter level. A fragment spanning 805 nucleotides of the 5' flanking and 72 of the 5' untranslated region contain information enough to promote transcription and to respond to glucocorticoids when fused to a reporter gene and transfected into human fibrosarcoma cells. A moderately repetitive DNA sequence, containing a TATA box, a GRE consensus, a Z-DNA forming sequence and two imperfect direct repeats at the extremities, is present a few nucleotides 5' of the human PAI-1 gene transcription start site, raising the possibility that this gene could have been activated by DNA insertion during evolution.
Insights on endemism: comparison of the duration of the marine larval phase estimated by otolith microstructural analysis of three amphidromous Sicyopterus species (Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) from Vanuatu and New Caledonia

Lord C, Brun C, Hautecœur M, Keith P. Insights on endemism: comparison of the duration of the marine larval phase estimated by otolith microstructural analysis of three amphidromous Sicyopterus species (Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) from Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 26–38. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – The microstructure of otoliths of three amphidromous gobies (Sicydiinae) of the genus Sicyopterus has been analysed. One of these species, Sicyopterus lagocephalus has a widespread distribution whereas the other two are endemic (Sicyopterus aiensis, from Vanuatu and Sicyopterus sarasini, from New Caledonia). The microstructural analysis of the otoliths showed that the duration of the marine larval phase is significantly shorter for both endemic species than for the cosmopolitan species (131 ± 3.4 days for S. lagocephalus, 79.2 ± 4.6 days for S. aiensis and 76.5 ± 3.9 days for S. sarasini). These results led us to infer that it could be one of the factors explaining endemism. We have also improved our knowledge on the processes undergone during the marine phase by studying the growth of the otolith. This work allowed us to propose possible migration routes. These species’ reproduction period has also been studied by back-calculating hatching dates. All these elements improve our understanding of the life-history traits and dispersion strategies of these species, which is crucial to implementing conservation measures in order to protect them and their environment, both threatened by anthropogenic actions.
The relationship between age and some physiological parameters in patients of kidney failure

Objective: The current study focus on the difference in levels of parameters in patients after dialysis process until we show the decrease or increase level in these parameter even were find the reason that lead to this case and then we say the dialysis may be caused the change of concentration of these parameters. Methods: This study included (95) samples were collected from Baqubah General hospital in Diayla city and Al Hilla General hospital in Hilla city/Iraq. The samples were divided into (55)male,(30)female and (10)healthy as control . The blood sample were collected from patients venous and then serum separated by centrifugation. Results: In current study we showed increase in level of urea and creatinine in all age groups but WBC, platelet and sugar was normal in all aged while PCV was decreased in all aged whereas albumin decrease in aged (50-65) year but total protein and platelet decreased in aged (5-20)year. Conclusion: there are no significant differences p > 0.01 between age and each parameters and we showed no significant differences between albumin with urea and creatinine also do not showed significant differences between sugar with creatinine ,urea and albumin and we showed no significant differences between PCV with urea and albumin but we showed significant differences between creatinine with urea and creatinine with PCV p>0.01 .
Drought disturbances increase temporal variability of zooplankton community structure in floodplains

The present study verified how hydrological regime affects the temporal variability of zooplankton communities in floodplains. Multidimensional methods were employed to characterise community variability, and the temporal trend of the community was also evaluated using a matrices comparison procedure. In connected ponds from the main river, the absence of floods (drought) modified the variability of the zooplankton community by increasing temporal dissimilarity of community. In these environments, the periodic input of water due to floods maintained a lower variability of environmental characteristics, sustaining a lower temporal variability of the community. This observation suggests that, in floodplains, flooding is a component of the system that assists with both the maintenance of ecological processes (temporal variability of the community) and the high biodiversity of these environments. This study therefore suggests that the temporal variability of communities in floodplains is increased by extended droughts, and emphasises the importance of flood dynamics to maintain temporal stability of zooplankton communities in river floodplain systems.
Experimental log hauling through a traditional caribou wintering area

A 3-year field experiment (fall 1990-spring 1993) showed that woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) altered their dispersion when logs were hauled through their traditional wintering area. Unlike observations in control years 1 and 3, radio-collared caribou that had returned to the study area before the road was plowed on January 6 of the experimental year 2, moved away 8-60 km after logging activities began. Seasonal migration to Lake Nipigon islands usually peaked in April, but by February 22 of year 2, 4 of the 6 had returned. The islands provide summer refuge from predation, but not when the lake is frozen. Tracks in snow showed that some caribou remained but changed locations. They used areas near the road preferentially in year 1, early year 2, and year 3, but moved away 2-5 km after the road was plowed in year 2. In a nearby undisturbed control area, no such changes occurred. Caribou and moose partitioned habitat on a small scale; tracks showed gray wolf (Canis lupus) remote from caribou but close to moose tracks. No predation on caribou was observed within the wintering area; 2 kills were found outside it. Due to the possibility of displacing caribou from winter refugia to places with higher predation risk, log hauling through important caribou winter habitat should be minimized.
Cryptic species in the Puccinia monoica complex

The Puccinia monoica complex is an enig- matic group of rust fungi. They are flower mimics, and they greatly reduce host reproduction and sur- vival. These fungi are relatively common, attacking approximately 960 species in 11 genera of crucifers as well as at least five genera of grasses. In modern taxonomic treatments the Puccinia monoica complex is treated as four species that are differentiated by the number of spore states in their life cycles. How- ever, other systematic treatments have divided the group into species or forms based on host associa- tion. Within the species based on spore state there is morphological variation, but it has not been readily assignable to either host species or geographic area. We used DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to determine whether there are cryptic species in this group that are not evident when only morphology is used. We sequenced the nuclear rDNA region con- taining the internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 + 5.8S gene + ITS-2) of isolates from different hosts. Our results indicate that there are cryptic species in the Puccinia monoica complex, and that species in this group cannot be identified strictly by life cycle stage.
INVITRO ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AGAINST HUMAN COLON CANCER HT- 29 CELL LINES

Objective: The main aim of the study was to screen the ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves for its invitro anti-oxidant and anticancer activity and its efficacy against H-29 Cell lines. Methods : Ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii were prepared and assayed for the presence of phytochemicals. In vitro antioxidant assay were performed by DPPH Radical and FRAP assay.The effect of ethanolic extracts on HT-29 cancer cell lines were evaluated by MTT colorimetric assay. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract showed the presence of significant secondary metabolites. The efficacy of Murraya koenigii against HT-29 cell line showed that the incubation of cancer cells reduced the viability of HT-29 cells and the dead cells were significantly increased with high extract concentration . Hence ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii exhibited high cytotoxicity. Conclusion : Even at very low concentration Murraya koenigii showed high efficacy.In conclusion Murraya koenigii possess significant antioxidant activity and anticancer activity. Key words: Murraya koenigii ,anti oxidant,anticancer,colon cancer,HT 29 cell lines.
Spatial segregation and realized niche shift during the parallel invasion of two olive subspecies in south‐eastern Australia

Greater understanding of the processes underlying biological invasions is required to determine and predict invasion risk. Two subspecies of olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea and Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata) have been introduced into Australia from the Mediterranean Basin and southern Africa during the 19th century. Our aim was to determine to what extent the native environmental niches of these two olive subspecies explain the current spatial segregation of the subspecies in their non‐native range. We also assessed whether niche shifts had occurred in the non‐native range, and examined whether invasion was associated with increased or decreased occupancy of niche space in the non‐native range relative to the native range.
Multi‐element and multi‐site isotopic analysis of nicotine from tobacco leaves

The carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen stable-isotope contents of nicotine extracted from tobacco leaves were determined by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (overall 2H, 13C and 15N contents) and by the SNIF-NMR method (site-specific deuterium content). In addition, nicotine was chemically degraded into nicotinic acid so that the intramolecular distribution of carbon and nitrogen isotopes could be studied. A prerequisite for reliable measurements is the use of experimental procedures free of isotopic fractionation. Therefore, it was ensured that isotopic integrity was maintained throughout extraction, purification and chemical degradation steps. The multi-element and multi-site information provided is tentatively interpreted in terms of biochemical isotopic effects on intramolecular distribution patterns and of the influence of environmental factors on nicotine isotopic parameters.
Revision der Gattung Amphidium (Musci, Dicranaceae)

Only 3 of the 13 species so far comprised in Amphidium were retained in the genus: A lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp. , A. mougeotii (B.S.G.) Schimp. and A. tortuosum (Hornschuch) Cufodontis. Amphidium. sublapponicum (C. Mull.) Broth. is conspecific with A. lapponicum, A. cyathicarpum (Mont.) Broth. , A. curvipes (C. Mull.) Broth. and A. californicum (C. Mull.) Broth. are synoymous with A. tortuosum . Amphidium brevifolium Broth. , A. clastophyllum Broth. and A. papillosum Broth. , all known only from the type locality, are sterile and differ vegetatively from all other species of the genus. They belong probably not to Amphidium . The types of Amphidium letestui Ther. & P. Varde, A. aloysii-sabaudiae Negri and A. remotidens (C. Mull.) Broth. could not be located.
Gang Brooding in Canada Geese: Role of Parental Condition and Experience

Abstract. Some Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) raise their broods by themselves (two-parent families), while others raise them in gang broods, defined as two or more broods amalgamated into a single cohesive unit and shepherded by four or more parents. From 1984 to 2005, I individually marked Canada Geese in New Haven County, Connecticut, so that I could compare the characteristics of adults that raise their goslings in gang broods to those of adults that raised their goslings in two-parent families. I wanted to determine if a parent's decision to form a gang brood was influenced by its age or body mass, its own parents (indicating either that the behavior has a genetic component or that the behavior is learned while a gosling), its prior experiences raising broods, or the loss of its mate. Parents tended to use the same brood-rearing approach from one year to the next: 61% of parents of gang broods (i.e., gang-brooders) during one year also were gang-brooders the next year they had goslings; likewise, 65% of parents in two-parent families during one year raised their next brood in a two-parent family. Geese that changed mates from the previous year were more likely to switch brood-rearing approaches than those that stayed with the same mate. As geese gained more years of experience raising goslings, their propensity to form a gang brood increased; only 29% of geese raising broods for the first time formed a gang brood versus 80% for geese with 5 or more years of experience. Geese raised in gang broods themselves were no more likely than geese raised in two-parent families to form gang broods once they became adults and had their own broods. These results indicate that gang brooding is a behavior learned as an adult. I tested the hypothesis that adult geese attending the same gang brood are members of the same extended family but found that geese were as likely to form a gang brood with unrelated individuals as with siblings or parents.
Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

The taxonomy of the genus Ophiocoma was last revised by Devaney in 1970. Recent discoveries of new species and re-instatement of previously synonymized names suggest that we still do not fully understand the species limits in this genus. A recent biodiversity survey of the SW Indian Ocean shallow reefs strongly suggested an unrecognised species in the genus, closely related to O. brevipes / O. dentata . This study examined both the molecular phylogenetic relationships and the morphological characteristics of several species in the genus in order to characterise the unrecognised species. The focal species clusters with O. brevipes , O. dentata , O. doederleini within a monophyletic clade supported by molecular data for the first time. The name Breviturma subgen. nov. is proposed for this clade, previously known as brevipes group. Type material of nominal species that have been synonymized with O. dentata was examined and re-assessed. Ophiocoma marmorata proved not conspecific with O. dentata . A rarely used character, dorsal disc granule density, was tested and showed differences between the examined species at similar sizes. In combination with colour pattern, disc granule density, arm spine sequence and maximum disc size, the new species was delimited morphologically and described as Ophiocoma krohi sp. nov.
Mode of Action for Chloroacetamides and Functionally Related Compounds

Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) having more than 18 C-atoms (like C20, 22, 24) are formed by a microsomal elongase system of the endoplasmic reticulum. This 4-step catalytic system is strongly inhibited by chloroacetamides with I50-values of 10 to 100 nM. Inhibition depends on the amide structure and on stereospecificity (for e.g. metolachlor). Also structures different from chloroacetamides like cafenstrole or fentrazamide (a tetrazolinone) exhibit strong inhibitory activity. A cell-free assay was developed using isolated microsomes from Allium porrum (leek) with labeled malonyl-CoA and C18, C20 or C22 acyl-CoA as primer substrates. All elongation steps were strongly inhibited by those phytotoxic compounds which also have been found active in the intact plant. While the plant contains in total about 1% VLCFAs, the plasma membrane (plasmalemma) is enriched. Isolated plasma membranes (from cucumber) have a small VLCFA content when treating the intact plant with the herbicides. There is evidence that such membrane looses its stability and function, and we conclude that herbicidal phytotoxicity is correlated with a non-balanced VLCFA pattern. Data with transformed yeast demonstrate that the key target for chloroacetamides is exclusively the condensing starter enzyme (=VLCFA synthase) of the elongase system. An irreversible binding complex of synthase and inhibitor is assumed. Reports in literature indicate that flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis is affected by chloroacetamides. Since it was speculated that this inhibition may cause plant death chalcone synthase was assayed catalyzing the key condensing reaction between malonyl-CoA and coumaroyl-CoA. Also this enzyme was inhibited by chloroacetamides or cafenstrole. Our enzymological studies, however, could demonstrate that this inhibition does not cause the herbicidal effect. — Based on our recent findings a reasoning is presented why resistance of weeds against this class of herbicides is a rare event.
On-line estimation of respiration and fermentation rates in controlled atmosphere facilities

This paper presents an algorithm for estimation of respiration and fermentation rates in CA-stores under normal operation, which can be used for: • Monitoring the product state • Control of respiration and fermentation rates • Detection of anaerobic conditions All published estimation methods require either a steady state flow-through or a batch respiration chamber. For implementation in full-scale storage facilities the estimator must be able to handle both situations and especially the more difficult non-steady state flow-through condition. To our knowledge, the only attention for monitoring respiration rate in full-scale storage facilities is a proposal by Janssens et al. (1995). In this study a Kalman Filter is designed to estimate the respiration and fermentation rates recursively. The results are compared to calculated respiration and fermentation rates. The rates of respiration and fermentation estimated from the O2 and CO2-balances converge to their calculated values. Experiments are currently carried out and results will come available in the oncoming months.
RELATIVE EXPRESSION OF GENES CHIA1, SGF14C AND CHS8* IN SOYBEAN SEED COATS

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative expression of three candidate genes, CHIA1, SGF14c and CHS8 * possibly involved in seed quality, in contrasting seed coats from four soybean genotypes. Two genotypes with yellow seed coats, BMX Potencia RR and CD 202, and two genotypes with black seed coats, TP and IAC were studied to determine the relative gene expression through the qPCR technique, in seven stages of seed coat development for all four genotypes, at 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 days after anthesis. The CHIA1 and SGF14c genes showed higher expression in cultivar CD 202; the former in the final stages of seed coat development, at 55 days after anthesis, the latter gene at earlier stages, specifically at 25 days after anthesis. The CHS8* gene showed higher expression in CD 202 seed coats at 50 days after anthesis. All three genes expressed at higher levels on genotypes of yellow seed coats, and are considered relevant to new areas of research based on the expression of genes related to seed quality.
Hongos asociados a pudrición del pedúnculo y muerte descendente del mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Las pudriciones del pedunculo de frutos y muerte descendente de ramas de mango (Mangifera indica L.) son asociadas con hongos de la familia Botryosphaeriaceae. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar morfologica y filogeneticamente diferentes cepas de hongos aisladas de frutos con pudricion del pedunculo y ramas con muerte descendente de los cultivares Ataulfo, Kent y Tommy Atkins, de cinco estados productores de Mexico, y determinar su asociacion con ambas enfermedades. Las muestras se recolectaron entre marzo del 2010 y junio del 2011. Los hongos asociados con la pudricion del pedunculo correspondieron a Lasiodiplodia theobromae y Neofusicoccum parvum, y se detecto tambien a Neofusicoccum sp. ; los hongos asociados con la muerte descendente de ramas correspondieron a L. pseudotheobromae y N. parvum. Se identifico la posible asociacion de pudricion del pedunculo con muerte descendente, ya que los hongos asociados fueron patogenicos al inocularlos en los pedunculos de frutos de Ataulfo, Kent y Tommy Atkins. Este seria el primer estudio que identifica pudricion del pedunculo o muerte descendente de ramas de mango en Mexico por L. pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae y N. parvum
EINFLUSS DER KOPULATION AUF DEN BEGINN DER EIABLAGE BEI DER BIENENKÖNIGIN (APIS MELLIFICA L.)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. EINFLUSS DER KOPULATION AUF DEN BEGINN DER EIABLAGE BEI DER BIENENKÖNIGIN (APIS MELLIFICA L.) Gudrun Koeniger
Targeting Inducible Heat Shock Protein 70 in Cancer and Dengue Virus Pathogenesis with a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor

Targeting Inducible Heat Shock Protein 70 in Cancer and Dengue Virus Pathogenesis with a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor by Matthew Keller Howe Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Timothy Haystead, Supervisor ___________________________ Stacy Horner ___________________________ Donald McDonnell ___________________________ Dennis Thiele An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology in the Graduate School of Duke University