Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ozonolysis of α -phellandrene – Part 2: Compositional analysis of secondary organic aerosol highlights the role of stabilised Criegee intermediates

Abstract. The molecular composition of the water-soluble fraction of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from the ozonolysis of α-phellandrene is investigated for the first time using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution quadrupole–Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 21 prominent products or isomeric product groups were identified using both positive and negative ionisation modes, with potential formation mechanisms discussed. The aerosol was found to be composed primarily of polyfunctional first- and second-generation species containing one or more carbonyl, acid, alcohol and hydroperoxide functionalities, with the products significantly more complex than those proposed from basic gas-phase chemistry in the companion paper (Mackenzie-Rae et al., 2017). Mass spectra show a large number of dimeric products are also formed. Both direct scavenging evidence using formic acid and indirect evidence from double bond equivalency factors suggest the dominant oligomerisation mechanism is the bimolecular reaction of stabilised Criegee intermediates (SCIs) with non-radical ozonolysis products. Saturation vapour concentration estimates suggest monomeric species cannot explain the rapid nucleation burst of fresh aerosol observed in chamber experiments; hence, dimeric species are believed to be responsible for new particle formation, with detected first- and second-generation products driving further particle growth in the system. Ultimately, identification of the major constituents and formation pathways of α-phellandrene SOA leads to a greater understanding of the atmospheric processes and implications of monoterpene emissions and SCIs, especially around eucalypt forests where α-phellandrene is primarily emitted.
Agglomeration, Migration and Tax Competition*

This paper focuses on tax competition and international migration in R&D sectors as agglomeration forces and trade restrictions are present. Economic integration forces industrialized countries to adapt their tax rates in order to keep their industrial status quo. Unlike the often discussed "race to the bottom" result, taxes are increased and the provision of public goods is maintained. It is also proven that taxes that redistribute between mobile and immobile labor lead to a tax burden that favors mobile labor. As integration continues, the cutback of factor mobility restrictions supports economic development in industrialized countries at the expense of structurally backward regions.
Application of Constructivism to Teacher Education

This study identified instructional strategies that family and consumer science teacher candidates found useful, noting why the strategies aided their learning. A 2-hour lesson on classroom management using small group theory was selected based on its ties to constructivist pedagogy. Before teaching the lesson, the instructor described her instructional goals in an audiotaped interview. She taught the lesson 2 weeks into the semester. Data about the instructional environment were collected using a video camera and field notes. Analysis of these data identified major instructional patterns, which were used to construct a narrative description. The frequency of various strategies was estimated by tallying those present in the narrative description. Following the lesson, student teachers completed a questionnaire about the most important concepts they had learned, features of the instruction that helped them learn each concept, and why those aspects of instruction helped them learn the concepts. Two days later, four student teachers completed stimulated recall sessions, watching the videotaped lesson and stopping it in places where the instruction best aided their learning. Overall, participants learned best from cases about which they had prior knowledge. They found experiential learning very important and considered discussion moderately helpful. (Contains 38 references and 4 tables.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Application of Constructivism to Teacher Education
Dialects in wild chimpanzees?

Chimpanzees emit a loud, species‐typical long distance call known as the pant hoot. Geographic variation between the pant hoots of chimpanzees living in two neighboring populations, the Mahale Mountains and Gombe Stream National Parks, Tanzania, was examined. Analysis of six acoustic features revealed subtle differences in the way chimpanzees from the two populations called. Individuals from the Mahale study site uttered one section of their pant hoots at a faster rate and with shorter elements than animals from Gombe Stream. In addition, individuals at Mahale delivered broader‐band, higher pitched “climax” elements than males from Gombe. While genetic factors, anatomical differences, variations in the use of calls at the two sites, and changes in calling over time may account for the variability between populations, we suggest the additional possibility that differences in pant hooting may be due to learning. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring University Students Perceptions about Using Mobile Phone as Learning Aid

This study examined the perception of students’ in using mobile phones as a learning aid within universities in Karachi. The prime objective of the study was to evaluate the student’s readiness and acceptance in incorporating m-learning in their learning process. For this purpose data was collected from different universities in Karachi aged between 22-40 years with a sample size of N=204. To test the data Mobile learning survey was used, consisted of 16 items with a Likert response scale providing ranges from 1-5 from strongly disagree to strongly agree, followed by asking their ability to use their phones for educational purposed and later captivating their idea of mobile phones integration into their classrooms. Results of the study showed that students’ spent plenty of time on their cell phones and they use it for a variety of applications. The results also indicated that they knew almost all of its function and were using them in their daily lives. They were already using their mobile phones for retrieval of information and according to them it had removed learning barriers. However students’ were not sure if m-learning should be incorporated into their classrooms
A food web model of invertebrate subtidal soft-bottom communities Part A: model derivation and effects of productivity

Om visserij in de Natura-2000 gebieden Noordzeekustzone en Vlakte van de Raan zodanig te reguleren, dat zij het behalen van de geformuleerde beleidsdoelen niet in de weg staat, is het VIBEG-akkoord gesloten. Kern van de afspraken vormt een ruimtelijke zonering waarmee wordt bepaald welke visserijtechnieken in welke gebieden wel of niet zijn toegestaan.
LLASSO: A linear unified LASSO for multicollinear situations

We propose a rescaled LASSO, by premultipying the LASSO with a matrix term, namely linear unified LASSO (LLASSO) for multicollinear situations. Our numerical study has shown that the LLASSO is comparable with other sparse modeling techniques and often outperforms the LASSO and elastic net. Our findings open new visions about using the LASSO still for sparse modeling and variable selection. We conclude our study by pointing that the LLASSO can be solved by the same efficient algorithm for solving the LASSO and suggest to follow the same construction technique for other penalized estimators.
Customers Knowledge and Relational Marketing: A Web 2.0 Perspective

The radical changes occurring in the global business environment, that is, in the information technology field and in management practices, call for a general rethinking of firms strategic positioning and competition. In this scenario, firms having the capacity to manage all of their own intellectual assets seem to be the only way to survive and succeed. The ability to comprehend the role that customers can play in contributing to a firm’s value creation is one of the main elements behind the growing attention of researchers and managers in context to managing a firm’s relationship with customers. This paper highlights the relevance of a Customers Relationship Management (CRM) issue in a Knowledge Management perspective as well as in Relational Marketing. In addition, this study shows how the rising and large adoption of Web 2.0 technologies represents a real opportunity for the effective implementation of a CRM strategy.
The adoption of green energy technologies: The role of policies in an international comparison

We contribute to the existing research about policy? induced technology adoption in several ways. First, we suggest a new survey design to measure the energy? related policy environment. Second, we simultaneously estimate the policy effects for the adoption propensity and the adoption intensity simultaneously and, third, we conduct an international comparison of the policy effects. Based on a representative sample of firms for Austria, Germany, and Switzerland we find that policies in all three countries essentially promote the adoption of technologies and they are practically ineffective for the intensity, which poses a great challenge to future policy designs. Voluntary agreements or demand related factors are among the most important drivers for the adoption propensity of green energy technologies. Given the current institutional framework in the surveyed countries, subsidies are more effective in Austria, taxes are more effective in Germany, and demand related factors are relatively more effective in Switzerland.
Coded still image transmission over very slow fading channels

Coded still image transmission over very slow fading channels is difficult because transmission errors on these channels occur in long bursts and the raw bit error rates are unacceptably high. In JPEG, the new international standard for color still image compression, certain markers are extremely sensitive to transmission errors such that a single bit error may cause the entire image to be lost. This thesis develops novel transmit antenna diversity techniques and applies these diversity techniques in two transmission protocols for JPEG coded still images on very slow fading channels. The first protocol uses a feedback channel to request retransmission of the erroneous data and to inform the transmitter to use a different transmit antenna when the current diversity branch is detected in a deep fade. An induced fast fading diversity technique that can effectively provide time diversity in slow fading environments is used in the second protocol. This protocol operates in a forward error correction mode in the absence of a feedback channel. Both protocols are shown to have significant performance improvements over the corresponding protocols without diversity. Thesis Supervisor: Mitchell D.Trott Title: Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering Thesis Supervisor: Vijitha Weerackody Title: Member of Technical Staff, AT&T Bell Laboratories The work reported herein was supported by AT&T Bell Laboratories
Corner detector based on global and local curvature properties

This paper proposes a curvature-based corner detector that detects both fine and coarse features accurately at low computational cost. First, it extracts contours from a Canny edge map. Second, it com- putes the absolute value of curvature of each point on a contour at a low scale and regards local maxima of absolute curvature as initial corner candidates. Third, it uses an adaptive curvature threshold to remove round corners from the initial list. Finally, false corners due to quantiza- tion noise and trivial details are eliminated by evaluating the angles of corner candidates in a dynamic region of support. The proposed detector was compared with popular corner detectors on planar curves and gray- level images, respectively, in a subjective manner as well as with a fea- ture correspondence test. Results reveal that the proposed detector per- forms extremely well in both fields. © 2008 Society of Photo-Optical
Aalborg Universitet Relationships , networks and innovation-squaring the circle ?

Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at vbn@aub.aau. dk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Quasi-periodic pulsations with periods that change depending on whether the pulsations have thermal or nonthermal components

Context. Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) typically display periodic and regular peaks in the light curves during the flare emissions. Sometimes, QPPs show multiple periods at the same wavelength. However, changing periods in various channels are rare. Aims. We report QPPs in a solar flare on 2014 October 27. They showed a period change that depended on whether thermal or nonthermal components were included. The flare was simultaneously observed by many instruments. Methods. Using the fast Fourier transform (FFT), we decomposed the light curves at multiple wavelengths into slowly varying and rapidly varying signals. Then we identified the QPPs as the regular and periodic peaks from the rapidly varying signals. The periods are derived with the wavelet method and confirmed based on the FFT spectra of the rapidly varying signals. Results. We find a period of similar to 50 s from the thermal emissions during the impulsive phase of the flare, that is, in the soft X-ray bands. At the same time, a period of about 100 s is detected from the nonthermal emissions, such as hard X-ray and microwave channels. The period ratio is exactly 2.0, which might be due to the modulations of the magnetic reconnection rate by the fundamental and harmonic modes of magnetohydrodynamic waves. Our results further show that the similar to 100 s period is present over a broad wavelength, such as hard X-rays, extreme-UV/UV, and microwave emissions, indicating the periodic magnetic reconnection in this flare. Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first report about period changes from thermal to nonthermal components in a single flare that occur at almost the same time. This new observational finding could be a challenge to the theory of flare QPPs.
WIDEBAND X-BAND MICROSTRIP BUTLER MATRIX

This paper presents the design of a wideband X-band microstrip 4×4Butler matrix. The wideband performance of the Butler matrix means that it possesses equal coupling and difference of phases throughout the operating band. Design of the wideband components such as 3-branch branch line hybrid, crossover and Schiffman line phase shifter are presented in this paper. A final design of the Butler matrix is proposed. The Butler matrix exhibits couplings and phase errors within −6.7 ± 0.7 dB and 10 ◦ over a 20% bandwidth with a center frequency at 10 GHz.
Inducible and Constitutive Formation of -Fructofuranosidase (Inulase) in Batch and Continuous Cultures of the Yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis

SUMMARY: Inulase production by Kluyveromyces fragilis on various fermentable and non-fermentable carbon sources was examined in carbon-limited continuous culture. Fructose and sucrose supported superior inulase yields [above 24 μmol sucrose hydrolysed min-1 (mg cell dry wt)-1 at pH 5.0, 50 °C], while some other carbon sources, including lactose, galactose, ethanol and lactate, did not stimulate inulase formation beyond basal levels. Thus fructose was identified as the primary physiological inducer. Isolation of a constitutive mutant also provided genetic evidence for the inducible nature of inulase in the wild-type. The mutant was generated spontaneously and selected in continuous culture. It produced high inulase activities in continuous culture irrespective of the carbon source. Inulase formation in the wild-type and mutant strain was further controlled by general carbon catabolite repression as suggested by enzyme yield patterns in batch and continuous culture.
Expression of human soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in transplastomic tobacco

The soluble extracellular domain of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) can, as the whole length TRAIL protein, bind with its receptors and specifically induce the apoptosis of cancer cells; therefore, it has been developed as a potential therapeutic agent for various cancer treatments. As it has become an attractive technology for foreign protein production, especially for production of biopharmaceuticals, chloroplast engineering was applied in this study to express human sTRAIL protein in tobacco. Two transplastomic lines were obtained. Southern blot showed that sTRAIL gene was inserted into the right site of the tobacco chloroplast genome. RT-PCR results also confirmed that the foreign gene is transcribed in both lines. However, western blot showed that only one line accumulated sTRAIL protein stably, while the other line lost the ability to accumulate this protein after several rounds of subcultures. The possible reason for this unexpected phenomenon is discussed. Key words: Chloroplast transformation, sTRAIL, pharmaceutical protein, expression, tobacco chloroplast.
A model for nonlinear interactions of internal gravity waves with saturated regions

A model for interactions between non-hydrostatic gravity waves and deep convective narrow hot towers is presented. The starting point of the derivation are the conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy for compressible flows combined with a bulk micro-physic model. Using multiscale asymptotics, a set of leading order equations is extracted, valid for the specific scales of the investigated regime. These are a timescale of 100 s, a horizontal and vertical lengthscale of 10 km for the wave dynamics plus a second horizontal lengthscale of 1 km for the narrow hot towers. Because of the comparatively short horizontal scales, Coriolis effects are negligible in this regime. The leading order equations are then closed by applying conditional averages over the hot tower lengthscale, leading to a closed model for the wave-scale that retains the net effects of the smaller scale dynamics. By assuming a systematically small saturation deficit in the ansatz, the small vertical displacements arising in this regime suffice to induce leading order changes of the saturated area fraction. The latter is the essential parameter in the model arising from the micro-physics.
Distances to supernova remnants G20.4 + 0.1, G24.7 - 0.6, and G28.6 - 0.1 and new molecular cloud associations

Accurate distances to supernova remnants (SNRs) are crucial in determining their size, age, luminosity and evolutionary state. To determine distances, we chose three SNRs from the VLA Galactic Plane Survey (VGPS) for extraction of HI absorption spectra. Analysing HI absorption spectra, $^{13}$CO emission spectra, and HI and $^{13}$CO channel maps, kinematic velocities (or their limits) to the three SNRs were calculated. The three SNRs are probably associated with molecular clouds and the new distance to G$20.4+0.1$, G$24.7-0.6$ and G$28.6-0.1$ are $7.8 \pm0.5$ kpc, $3.8\pm 0.2 $ kpc and $ 9.6 \pm 0.3 $ kpc, respectively.
Procurement of non-incremental sustainable technology innovations: entrepreneurial firms supplying the New Zealand construction industry

Traditionally construction industries in New Zealand and abroad have a low track record for successful sustainable innovations. This has a negative impact on private and government spending, and on quality, society and the environment. This conceptual paper posits that the construction industry needs non-incremental (i.e. architectural, system, radical, modular) sustainable technology innovations to make drastic improvements. Such innovations often come from entrepreneurial (small) firms from other industries or at the beginning of supply chains and must be procured and adopted further into such chains. However, after an extensive literature review it remains unclear how entrepreneurial firms procure non-incremental sustainable technology innovations for the construction industry. The paper focuses on procurement activities of entrepreneurial firms in the New Zealand context. These activities interact with (internal and external) innovation activities for an optimal firm performance. They are affected by clusters of internal and external variables. The paper discusses extant literature, a conceptual framework, main propositions, research aims and the choice for a focus group method. It is part of a doctoral project. Paper, presented at ACERE 2015 in Adelaide Australia.
External bremsstrahlung of 90 Sr – 90 Y , 147 Pm and 204 Tl in detector compounds

External Bremsstrahlung spectra produced by the complete absorption of beta particles from Sr to Y, Pm and Tl in nuclear radiation detection compounds like Cesium iodide (CsI) and Sodium Iodide (NaI) has been measured using 0.038 m 0.038 m NaI(Tl) crystal and is compared with Tseng– Pratt theory. The Bremsstrahlung yields are calculated using the unfolded spectra. This paper also describes a new procedure for the calculation of effective absorption coefficient of Bremsstrahlung from the Bremsstrahlung spectra. The measured spectra show fairly good agreement at low energy end of spectrum and some deviation at higher energy end of spectrum with the theory. The measured Bremsstrahlung yields may be useful to apply corrections, whenever beta particle passes through CsI and NaI detectors. & 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.