Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An improved variational mode decomposition method and its application in diesel engine fault diagnosis

The diesel engine is a complex mechanical device, with the characteristics of multi-source, multi moving parts, complex work. For the complex multi-component signal, it is usually necessary to decompose it into a number of single-component AM-FM signals, and each component is analyzed to extract amplitude and frequency information. VMD is essentially composed of a plurality of adaptive Wiener filter and has good noise robustness. Compared with EMD, EEMD, CEEMDAN, LMD and ITD, VMD has strong mathematical theory basis. At the same time, VMD rejects the method of recursive screening stripping. So VMD can effectively alleviate or avoid a series of problems which appear in other methods. However, it is a problem how to determine the number of decomposition layers and the penalty factor, because human factors will affect the decomposition results. In order to solve the problem, an improved adaptive genetic algorithm (IAGA) is proposed to optimize the parameters of VMD. Genetic algorithms mainly include 3 genetic operators: selection, crossover and mutation. The cross probability and mutation probability will directly affect the optimization results. In the traditional genetic algorithm, the probability of cross and mutation are fixed, and the genetic algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimal. According to the regulation of hormone regulation, the cross probability and mutation probability in evolution were improved. The permutation entropy is a new method of mutation detection, which mainly aims at the spatial characteristics of the time series itself. Therefore, the entropy of the components obtained by the VMD decomposition is used as the fitness function of the IAGA. The modal number K and penalty factor α of VMD were iteratively optimized by IAGA, and the optimal combination of parameters was obtained. Based on the proposed method, the vibration signals of the crankshaft bearing fault simulation experiment were decomposed into several components. According to the value of the permutation entropy, the fault components were selected and the energy was extracted. The fault pattern is identified by the support vector machine (SVM) successfully. The simulation analysis and the simulation experiment of the crankshaft bearing fault show that the proposed method is effective. For the diagnosis of other engines, a large number of validation experiments are needed for further research.
Effects of a high-risk environment on edge-drilling behavior: inference from Recent bivalves from the Red Sea

Abstract Edge-drilling is an unusual predation pattern in which a predatory gastropod drills a hole on the commissure between the valves of a bivalve. Although it is faster than wall drilling, it involves the potential risk of amputating the drilling organ. We therefore hypothesize that this risky strategy is advantageous only in environments where predators face high competition or predation pressure while feeding. The high frequency of edge-drilling (EDF, relative to the total number of drilled valves) in a diverse Recent bivalve assemblage from the Red Sea enables us to test this hypothesis, predicting (1) a low EDF in infaunal groups, (2) a high EDF in bivalves with elongated shape, (3) high incidence of edge-drilling in groups showing a high wall-drilling frequency, and (4) high EDF in shallow habitats. We evaluate these predictions based on >15,000 bivalve specimens. Among ecological attributes, we found substrate affinity and predation intensity of a species to be good predictors of edge-drilling incidence. Infaunal taxa with high length/width ratio have a low EDF, in accordance with our predictions. Predation intensity is also a significant predictor of edge-drilling; groups with high predation intensity show higher incidence of edge-drilling, confirming our prediction. Although water depth fails to show any significant effect on EDF, this analysis generally supports the high-risk hypothesis of edge-drilling incidence because shallow depths have considerable microhabitat variability. Classically the drill hole site selection has often been linked to predatory behavior. Our study indicates that prey attributes are also crucial in dictating the behavioral traits of a driller such as site selection. This calls for considering such details of the prey to fully understand predation in modern and fossil habitats. Moreover, this perspective is important for tackling the longstanding riddle of the limited temporal and spatial distribution of edge-drilling.
Paclitaxel and cephalomannine in in vitro cultures of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. shoots and plantlets.

S u m m a r y Micropropagation of a mature female Taxus cuspidata tree with paclitaxel and cephalomannine content in the needles of 457.6 µg g -1 DW and 340.9 µg g -1 DW, respectively, was elaborated using shoot tips as explants. A new yew clone derived from a seed of the mother plant was also obtained. Single shoots developed from shoot tips on WP mineral basal medium with B5 vitamins (WP-B5) supplemented with 20 mg l -1 BAP and 5 mg l -1 activated charcoal were propagated by 1 cm long segments cultured on hormone-free medium. When WP-B5 medium with 0.3 mg/l 2-iP and 0,1 mg/l IAA was used 92% of shoots rooted within three months. Paclitaxel content in shoots growing on solid medium and in a mist trickling bioreactor was 45.6–86.5 µg g -1 DW. Plantlets from in vitro culture, grown in pots contained 99.0–213.1 µg g -1 paclitaxel and 558.0 µg g -1 DW cephalomannine.
Stochastic Dominance and Demographic Policy Evaluation: A Critique

Stochastic dominance (SD) is commonly used to rank income distribution and assesssocial policies. The literature argues that SD is a robust criterion for policy evaluationbecause it requires minimal knowledge of the social welfare function. We argue that,on the contrary, SD is not a robust criterion. We do this by carefully introducing mi-crofoundations into a model by Chu and Koo (1990) who use SD to provide support tofamily-planning programs aiming at reducing the fertility of the poor. We show thatfertility restrictions are generally detrimental for both individual and social welfare inspite of the fact that SD holds. Our Â…findings are an application of the LucasÂ’Critique.
Kinetic exploration of the microalgal growth rate of species residing in a waste stabilization pond

Since the oxygen concentration is an important operational parameter of Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP), accurate insight in the oxygen production kinetics of the microalgae living in such systems, is essential in view of system optimization. In this research the growth kinetics of the most dominant microalgal species, namely Chlorella vulgaris was investigated when different conditions of light intensity and temperature were imposed. This microalgal species was isolated from the WSP situated near Cuenca, Ecuador. A combined respirometric and titrimetric set-up was used to assess the microalgal kinetics. The experimental results illustrated the interdependent relationship of light intensity and temperature, which had a significant influence on the microalgal growth rate. Consequently the growth kinetics, proposed in a previous developed model were extended with a mathematical function that describes this relationship. Additional combined respirometric and titrimetric data was used for model calibration and model validation. Two parameters were considered for model calibration, namely the maximum specific growth rate and the oxygen mass transfer coefficient. Based upon the Theil’s Inequality Criterium, the model described the dissolved oxygen production and the related proton consumption rather good.
The Effects of Structural Bonds in Wholesalers' Customer Relationships

at Business Transformation Consulting PCI&T, SAP Deutschland AG & Co. KG, Hasso-Plattner-Ring 7, 69190 Walldorf, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)6 22 77-7 07 34, Fax: +49 (0)62 27 78-5 37 13, E-Mail: sandra.pocsay@sap. com. Joachim Zentes is Chair of the Institute for Commerce & International Marketing (H.I.MA.) at Saarland University, Campus, Building A5.4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)6 81-302 44 75, Fax: +49 (0)6 81-302 45 32, E-Mail: hima@mx.uni-saarland. de. The Effects of Structural Bonds in Wholesalers’ Customer Relationships Do They Really Benefit Relationship Stability and Customer Penetration?
Object-based image analysis for forest species classification using Worldview-2 satellite imagery and airborne LiDAR data

It has been shown that new remote sensing technologies have the potential to complement deficiencies of conventional methods such as aerial photograph interpretation and field sampling as well as improve the accuracy, reduce costs, and increase the number of applications within various forest environments. Newly available high resolution spatial data such as small footprint, multiple-return, discrete airborne LiDAR data and WorldView-2 satellite imagery offer excellent opportunities to develop new and efficient ways of solving conventional problems in forestry. However, the development of a comprehensive procedure for deployment of these new remote sensing data to create forest mapping products that are comparable and/or superior in accuracy to conventional photo-interpreted maps poses big challenges. Proper use of high spatial resolution data with object-based image analysis approach and nonparametric classification method such as decision trees may offer an alternative to aerial photograph interpretation in support of forest classification and mapping. This study presented ways of processing airborne LiDAR data and WorldView-2 satellite imagery for object-based forest species classification using decision trees in the Strzelecki Ranges, one of the four major Victorian areas of cool temperate rainforest in Australia. The results showed the contribution of four new WorldView-2 image bands to forest classifications, and demonstrated that the integration of airborne LiDAR and eight WorldView-2 bands significantly improved the classification accuracy.
Serum and fecal steroid analysis of ovulation, pregnancy, and parturition in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

Studies were conducted to determine: (1) if fecal hormone metabolite concentrations correlated with serum estrogen and progesterone concentrations, follicular activity and reproductive behavior in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) and (2) if threshold values of respective fecal metabolite concentrations correlated with pregnancy. Blood and fecal samples were collected, in conjunction with transrectal ultrasound and behavior observations, for an 18-month period from one black rhinoceros female. Subsequently, serial fecal samples were collected from 13 females in 10 zoos. Quantitative analysis of serum progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) was performed by radioimmunoassay (RIA): analysis of fecal estrogen metabolites (E) and fecal progesterone metabolites (P) were performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Serum P2 concentrations identified two luteal phase patterns and two nadirs which corresponded with behavioral estrus. Fecal E patterns indicated a sharp peak which corresponded with breeding. concentrations of fecal P illustrated identifiable nadirs and several peaks which corresponded to serum P4 nadirs and luteal phases. Serum P4 concentrations were not different between the luteal phase and pregnancy. Fecal P concentrations started to rise above luteal phase concentrations approximately 150 days postbreeding and remained elevated until immediately before parturition. Serum E2 and fecal E concentrations rose and subsequently declined after parturition. In the fecal samples from seven pregnant females, fecal P concentrations were similarly elevated compared to six nonpregnant females. Results indicated that fecal steroid metabolites accurately reflected serum steroid hormone concentrations and that the measurement of P and E concentrations permitted the characterization of the estrous cycle, the diagnosis of pregnancy, and the onset of parturition. Zoo Biol 16:121–132, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of media and sucrose concentrations with or without activated charcoal on the plantlet growth of P. cornu-cervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb. f.

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand, 2 Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Phyathai, Bangkok 10400,Thailand, 3 Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University,Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand, 4 Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
The Influence of the Reynolds Number on the Passive Scalar Field in a Turbulent Channel Flow

Many different turbulent heat transfer calculations based on a very accurate pseudospectral code have been performed in the last 5 years. The main effort was to investigate temperature fields at different Prandtl numbers, ranging from Pr=0.7 to Pr=200. For the treatment of the turbulent heat transfer at low Reynolds and high Prandtl numbers, a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) was used for structures of the turbulent motions. DNS describes all the length and time scales for velocity and temperature fields. When Prandtl number is higher than 1, the smallest temperature scales are approximately inversely proportional to the square root of Prandtl number. For the smallest temperature scales, not resolved in the high Prandtl number simulation, a spectral turbulent diffusivity model was used in the pseudospectral computer code for DNS. A comparison of our temperature profiles obtained at friction Reynolds number Reτ=150 and Pr=100 and Pr=200 to the mean profiles of Calmet and Magnaudet, Wang and Lu and Kader’s correlation that was built as a best fit of various experimental data at higher Reynolds numbers, revealed the discrepancies up to 10%. The most important reason for the differences was in different Reynolds numbers, which were much lower in our simulations than in the above mentioned LES simulations and experiments. The similar phenomenon as in our case can be found when DNS of Kawamura and Kader’s results at Reτ=180 and Pr=0.71 were compared. On the other hand, the comparisons to the Kader’s correlation at higher Reynolds numbers (i.e. DNS of Kawamura at Reτ=640 and DNS of Tiselj at Reτ=424) show that the differences are within statistical uncertainties. It follows that the heat transfer depends much more on Reynolds number in the range of low Reynolds numbers than in the range of high Reynolds numbers.
Developing a GP-based Framework for Knowledge Integration

Knowledge integration is one of the important tasks for applying knowledge management in an organization to improve organizational performance and competitive competence. In this paper, we have proposed a GP-based knowledge-integration framework that automatically combines multiple rule sets into one integrated knowledge base. The proposed framework consists of three phases: knowledge collection and translation, knowledge integration, and knowledge output. In the collection and translation phase, each knowledge source is obtained and expressed as a rule set and then translated as a classification tree. In the integration phase, the genetic programming technique is used to generate a nearly optimal classification tree. In the output phase, the final derived classification tree is transferred as a rule set, then output to the knowledge base to facilitate the inference of new data. Two new genetic operators, abridgement and compromise, are designed in the proposed approach to remove redundancy, subsumption and contradiction, thus producing more accurate and concise classification rules than that without using them. Experimental results from diagnosis of breast cancer also show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Numerical analysis of pairs creation by Schwinger effect in nucleons and the betadecay process acceleration

In the paper is done an application of the Dual Ginzburg-Landau-Pitaevski (DGLP) theory to a nucleon, in order to obtain data for the strong electromagnetic fields inside the nucleons and theirs interactions. Therefore, it is proved for the first time, that in the nucleon exist sufficiently high electromagnetic fields that permit to continue (with a rate of iÂÂ 1 pair) extract from vacuum of pairs e+ ÂÂ e- (virtual) of high energy electrons, of WiÂ±, Higgs bosons, quarks, by a Schwinger effect, etc, to transform its into real one of very short time life, just like in a veritable laboratory. Thus, it was discovered for the first time that v.e. v. is in fact the Schwinger critical field Ecr for the pair W creation from vacuum. These pairs decay or annihilate into electrons, which passes the monopole condensate barrier as beta-electrons by quantum tunneling due of the phase slip with 2iÂ° ÂÂ iÂa and of a iÂÂ0 energy release, the entire model is proved for a free neutron decay life-time. Equally, the same Schwinger pairs-production rates are enhanced by a thermal Boltzmann factor in place of quantum tunneling, when this thermalization due of the incidence of an high thermal spike of a photon with nucleons destroys the superconductivity. This effect is proved in the case of 26Al, through its iÂ¢-decay to 1.809 MeV iÂ§-ray, when at high temperatures (T9 = 0.42GK) equilibrium is reached between 26gsAl and 26mAl which is relevant to some high temperature astrophysical events such as novae. In other applications, as based on these data, there are calculated: the Higgs boson energy release due of two gluons fusion during the pp collision at LHC, the gluon pair production from space-time dependent chromofield due of the collision of pp and of heavy nuclei.
Recent results on stabilization of PDEs by noise

This paper is intended to be a brief review on some recent results on the stabilization effect produced by noise in phenomena modelled by partial differential equations. We emphasyse the different effects that distinct interpretations of the noise may cause on the same system, and we focus on two classical and canonical interpretations (Itô versus Stratonovich). Finally, we comment on some open problems.
World – Universe Model

World – Universe Model is based on three primary assumptions: 1) The World is finite and is expanding inside the Universe with speed equal to the electrodynamic constant c. The Universe serves as an unlimited source of energy that continuously enters into the World from the boundary. 2) Medium of the World, consisting of protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter particles, is an active agent in all physical phenomena in the World. 3) Two fundamental parameters in various rational exponents define all macro and micro features of the World: Fine-Structure Constant α, and dimensionless quantity Q. While α is constant, Q increases with time, and is in fact a measure of the size and the age of the World. The World – Universe Model explains experimental data accumulated in the field of Cosmology over the last decades: the size and age of the World; critical energy density and the gravitational parameter; temperatures of the cosmic microwave background radiation and black body radiation of cosmic dust; fractal structure of the World and its evolution; observed expansion of the World and cosmological redshift. Additionally, the Model makes predictions pertaining to masses of dark matter particles, photons, axions, and neutrinos; proposes new types of particle interactions (Super Weak and Extremely Weak) and the fundamental physical parameters of the World; gives a new “low density small white dwarf” model of Ball Lightning and dineutrino model of Extreme Ball Lightning based on super weak interaction; explains “Pioneer Anomaly”; and resolves paradoxes like “Matter – Antimatter Asymmetry” and “Faint Young Sun”. The Model proposes to introduce a new fundamental parameter Q in the CODATA internationally recommended values for calculating time dependent parameters of the World. Keywords: World – Universe Model, Fractal Cosmology, Fine-Structure Constant, Dark Matter, Microwave Background Radiation, Maxwell-Lorentz Equations, Dirac’s Equations, Fractal Particle Structure, Grand Unified Theory, Ball Lightning, CODATA
First data on growth and nucleic acid and protein content of field-captured Mediterranean bluefin ( Thunnus thynnus ) and albacore ( Thunnus alalunga ) tuna larvae: a comparative study

The waters surrounding the Balearic archipelago are considered to be prime spawning habitats of the bluefin tuna ( Thunnus thynnus ) and other tuna species such as albacore ( T. alalunga ) in the Mediterranean. During the 2003 bluefin and albacore spawning season, a tuna larval survey (TUNIBAL 0703) was carried out to assess the distribution of bluefin larvae in relation to hydrographic mesoscale features. Tuna larvae were collected by means of surface plankton tows with a bongo gear with a quadrangular mouth measuring 1 m diagonally. The otolith microstructure of 157 and 71 field-captured larvae of Mediterranean bluefin and albacore, respectively, were analyzed to estimate the daily growth pattern. Furthermore, biochemical analysis to estimate DNA, RNA and protein content was done on another batch of 114 bluefin and 132 albacore larvae. The size range included pre-flexion to post-flexion larvae, from 2.8 to 8.6 mm in body length. bluefin and albacore larvae grew linearly in standard length (0.35 and 0.33 mm/day, respectively) and potentially with respect to dry weight. No significant differences between species were observed in the size-weight relationship, or in the allometric relationship of body size and weight to otolith radius. However, the relationship of DNA and RNA to body size and weight showed a significant difference between species. Bluefin tuna larvae showed a greater nucleic acid content than albacore larvae. Protein content showed no significant differences with respect to body length.
A Survey on Congestion Avoidance and Optimal Charging Strategies for Electric Vehicles

Nowadays electric vehicles are widely promoting to improve transport efficiency.one of the disadvantages of the electric vehicles are its short driving range.so we have to recharge it in the midway in case of longer journeys. Concurrent and frequent demands for battery recharge will results in the queuing at the charging station and a battery recharge also takes several minutes. Thus the resulting waiting time at the charging station will increase the entire travelling time. Many approaches are used to provide optimal charging strategies for electric vehicles at the charging station. This paper provides a comparative study of different strategies used for the congestion avoidance and optimal charging of electric vehicles at the charging stations.by considering these aspects entire journey time of electric vehicles can be reduced or optimized to an extent.
Vehicular Fog Computing: The Need for a New Paradigm and its Issues

Smart vehicles participating in VANET have high computing capabilities which lead the demand to support more applications that give safety and effective measures to people. The vehicles in VANET are taking the help of cloud services for communication, computation and storage which benefits in economical way and we call that as vehicular cloud computing (VCC). Due to certain limitations in VCC and also demand for more quality of service applications in smart vehicles a new paradigm called vehicular fog computing (VFC) is proposed which helps to overcome limitations in VCC and provide more quality services to users participating in VANET. Some of the security challenges and possible attacks in VFC are also stated