Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Season and Moonlight on Temporal-Activity Patterns of Indian Crested Porcupines (Hystrix indica)

During a 1-year period, onset and termination of nocturnal surface activity were monitored in as many as eight free-ranging Indian crested porcupines ( Hystrix indica ) in the Negev desert highlands of southern Israel by radio-location telemetry. Porcupines optimized winter (October–March) activity for minimal exposure to moonlight, but moonlight avoidance waned thereafter and disappeared by late summer (August–September). Rain curtailed activity, but there was no correlation between duration of activity and minimum near-ground temperatures. Individual variation in activity was large in all seasons. Duration of activity and the proportions of dark and nights hours used increased from winter to late summer. Adult-sized animals (14.1 ± 3.0 kg body mass) averaged 7.0 ± 0.4 h surface activity year-round, but this peaked at 9.2 ± 1.3 h in late summer when nearly all night hours were used. In winter, activity averaged 6.7 ± 0.8 h and porcupines were active for longer periods on dark nights than on moonlit nights. Seasonal changes in duration of activity (and moonlight exposure) may have been caused by variations in available dark hours relative to surface-activity requirements or to food-density fluctuations, but they did not clearly correspond to key stages of porcupine reproduction.
Asymmetric Single Split Resonator for RFID Applications

This paper presents a new Asymmetric Single Split Resonator (ASSR) structure for single negative and/or double negative metamaterial applications and its characteristics. The uniplanar structure is a modified split ring resonator with a single split and the prototype is analyzed based on reflection coefficient and unit cell simulations. It exhibits high field confinement as compared to SRR, so best suited for filter and RFID applications. The paper presents the constitutive parameters of ASSR for parallel polarization with supporting simulation and measurement results.
New approaches to the optimized maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture

The realization of many stem cell-based therapies w i l l rely on the development of methods for the expansion and controlled differentiation of stem cells and the development of assays to rapidly detect the results of culture manipulation. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) provide a relatively abundant and high purity model system to investigate environmental cues that influence stem cell fate. The dynamics of loss of pluripotency following the removal of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were investigated using three functional assays (chimeric mouse formation, embryoid body generation and colony forming ability). A rapid loss (>70%) of pluripotent cells was detected within 24 hours, with very low residual activity by all criteria within 72 hours. Surprisingly, functional endpoints of pluripotency correlated poorly with two commonly used markers, expression of Oct4 and S S E A 1 . The embryoid body assay was then used in factorial and central composite design experiments to define optimized levels of ascorbic acid ( A A ) , chondroitin sulphate and PD98059 (PD), three factors that enhance undifferentiated E S C maintenance. These experiments identified an unexpected negative interaction between A A and P D and allowed the development of a cocktail of these three factors that increased E S C yield 3-fold over untreated cultures. To identify more rapid endpoints for the detection of undifferentiated E S C , global gene expression profiling was performed on E S C induced to differentiate by removal of L I F , addition of retinoic acid and addition of D M S O . Gene expression profiles were determined using the Affymetrix platform and a new meta-analysis methodology was developed and applied to the resulting gene expression data sets. This analysis revealed that the expression of the stem cell factor receptor, c-kit, expressed on the cell surface,
18 Whole Genome Sequence Comparisons in Taxonomy

Rainer Borriss, Christian Rueckert, Jochen Blom, Oliver Bezuidt, Oleg Reva, and Hans-Peter Klenk ABiTEP GmbH, Berlin, Germany; Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; University of Pretoria, Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, Pretoria, South Africa; DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
Carbon Monitoring System Flux Net Biosphere Exchange 2020 (CMS-Flux NBE 2020)

Abstract. Here we present a global and regionally resolved terrestrial net biosphere exchange (NBE) dataset with corresponding uncertainties between 2010–2018: Carbon Monitoring System Flux Net Biosphere Exchange 2020 (CMS-Flux NBE 2020). It is estimated using the NASA Carbon Monitoring System Flux (CMS-Flux) top-down flux inversion system that assimilates column CO2 observations from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and NASA's Observing Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2). The regional monthly fluxes are readily accessible as tabular files, and the gridded fluxes are available in NetCDF format. The fluxes and their uncertainties are evaluated by extensively comparing the posterior CO2 mole fractions with CO2 observations from aircraft and the NOAA marine boundary layer reference sites. We describe the characteristics of the dataset as the global total, regional climatological mean, and regional annual fluxes and seasonal cycles. We find that the global total fluxes of the dataset agree with atmospheric CO2 growth observed by the surface-observation network within uncertainty. Averaged between 2010 and 2018, the tropical regions range from close to neutral in tropical South America to a net source in Africa; these contrast with the extra-tropics, which are a net sink of 2.5±0.3 Gt C/year. The regional satellite-constrained NBE estimates provide a unique perspective for understanding the terrestrial biosphere carbon dynamics and monitoring changes in regional contributions to the changes of atmospheric CO2 growth rate. The gridded and regional aggregated dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.25966/4v02-c391 (Liu et al., 2020).
CRITICAL APPRAISAL ON FOOTING SUBJECTED TO MOMENT

1MTech Student in Geotechnical Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Marian Engineering College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. 2Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, LBS Institute of Technology for Women, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. 3Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Marian Engineering College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Foundations for overhead catenary systems carrying electrical power in railway networks, transmission towers, and for large road and railway hoardings and other elevated commercial signs have to be designed mainly to resist large moments and relatively small vertical and horizontal forces. A widely used type of foundation for these structures is the rigid pier. Such foundations rely heavily for their stability on the mobilization of passive soil resistance and are consequently often referred to as side-bearing foundations. In the past, the design of laterally loaded rigid pile and pier foundations has been based upon empirical information mainly from full-scale tests or conventional model studies in the laboratory. This paper highlights the work done in the area of moment capacity of foundations, laboratory experimentation and numerical modelling.
Deep Learning for Sentiment Analysis

— The opinions of people and others are one of the main influencers of human behaviour and activities. Therefore, individuals and organizations often consult with others to understand their opinions or attitudes towards a certain topic, before making decisions. Also, for telecommunication enterprises to survive, they need to be attentive to their customers’ opinions. Sentiment analysis is a technique that is often used by organizations to categorize and understand the underlying attitude of a person towards an entity, product, topic, etc. Though it has been traditionally performed using text-based sources, it has been suggested that other modalities should be explored. One such alternative to text-based sources is video recordings of people using or reviewing content. Videos can contain multiple modals including text, voice, and facial expressions, which can be used to detect a person’s attitude towards a topic. An approach to performing sentiment analysis using affective computing for extracting an opinion holder’s affective data based on their facial expressions, and then feeding this data to a deep learning multilayer perceptron neural network, is proposed in the paper. The outcomes of this study indicate that the proposed approach is highly feasible to gain accurate insights into a person’s sentiment towards a specific topic.
A REVIEW ON PEDESTRIAN BEHAVIOR PREDICTION FOR INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

- The ability to anticipate pedestrian actions on streets may be a safety issue for intelligent cars and has increasingly drawn the eye of the automotive industry. Estimating when pedestrians will cross streets has proved a challenging task, since they will move in many various directions, suddenly change motion, be occluded by a spread of obstacles and distracted while talking to other pedestrians or typing on a mobile . There are different algorithms that aims at predicting such motion of the pedestrains around crossroads, so as to avoid the possible threat of collision with the cars.
Oceanic origins for wintertime Euro-Atlantic blocking

Abstract. Although conventionally attributed to dry dynamics, increasing evidence points to a key role of moist dynamics in the formation and maintenance of blocking events. The source of moisture crucial for these processes, however, remains elusive. In this study, we identify the moisture sources responsible for latent heating associated with the wintertime Euro-Atlantic blocking events detected over 31 years (1979–2010). To this end, we track atmospheric particles backward in time from the blocking centres for a period of 10 days, using an offline Lagrangian dispersion model applied to an atmospheric reanalysis data. The analysis reveals that 36–55 % of particles gain a massive amount of heat and moisture from the ocean over the course of 10 days. Via large-scale ascent, these moist particles transport low potential vorticity (PV) air of low-altitude, low-latitude origins to the upper troposphere where the amplitude of blocking is the most prominent, consistent with the previous studies. PV of these moist particles remains significantly lower compared to their dry counterparts throughout the course of 10 days, preferentially constituting blocking cores. Further analysis reveals that approximately two-thirds of the moist particles source their moisture locally from the Atlantic, while the remaining one-third from the Pacific. The Gulf Stream and Kuroshio and their extensions, as well as the eastern Pacific northeast of Hawaii, not only provide heat and moisture to the particles but also act as springboards for their large-scale, cross-isentropic ascent. While the particles of the Atlantic origin swiftly ascend just before their arrival at the blocking, those of the Pacific origin ascend additional few days earlier, after which they carry low PV in the same manner as dry particles. Thus, our study reveals that what may appear to be a blocking maintenance mechanism governed by dry dynamics alone can, in fact, be of moist origin.
Classification Techniques for Early Detection of Dyslexia Using Computer-Based Screening Test

: Dyslexia is a learning disability that primarily affects the ability to learn to read and spell. The benefits of early detection of dyslexia will assist these children in getting the appropriate services. Data mining is the process of analysing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information. In this paper, the aim is to analyze several data mining classification techniques using WEKA machine learning tools over the datasets collected from a tool called I-Dyslex. The classifiers used are Naïve Bayes, J48 and Bayes Net. The results show that using J48 for the datasets was able to classify dyslexic and non-dyslexic children with 97.6% accuracy. As a conclusion, I-Dyslex which acts as a tool to screen dyslexia was able to discriminate between dyslexic and non-dyslexic children.
Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Email Classification Using NLP

— In the exponentially growing world, people are using email across all areas of industries including Educational field. Therefore, it is very much important to differentiate between legitimate and spam email. In this paper, we have preprocessed emails using natural language processing and applied several machine-learning algorithms to analyze their performance on email classification. The performance observed here is accuracy and F 1 score. The result shows that ANN outperforms the other algorithms. The ANN best accuracy is 98.80% and F 1 score is 0.977778.
Pure states of minimum and maximum uncertainty for SIC-POVMs

The uncertainty is an intrinsic property of a quantum measurement, it depends, however, on the choice of an initial state. Thus the following question arises: for which states of the system before the measurement, the uncertainty of the measurement outcomes is minimal? In other words, we are looking for the states which are ‘most classical’ in the above sense. Let Π := (Πj) k j=1 be a finite POVM in Cd representing the measurement. Then the Shannon entropy of POVM is defined as:
Future ice-sheet surface mass balance and melting in the Amundsen region, West Antarctica

Abstract. We present projections of West-Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) and surface melting to 2080–2100, under the RCP8.5 scenario and based on a regional model at 10 km resolution. Our projections are built by adding a CMIP5 (5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) multi-model-mean seasonal climate-change anomaly to the present-day model boundary conditions. Using an anomaly has the advantage to reduce CMIP5 model biases, and a perfect-model test reveals that our approach captures most characteristics of future changes, despite a 16–17 % underestimation of projected SMB and melt rates. SMB over the grounded ice sheet in the sector between Getz and Abbot increases from 336 Gt yr−1 in 1989–2009 to 455 Gt yr−1 in 2080–2100, which would reduce the global sea level changing rate by 0.33 mm yr−1. Snowfall indeed increases by 7.4 to 8.9 % per °C of near-surface warming, due to increasing saturation water vapour pressure in warmer conditions, reduced sea-ice concentrations, and more marine air intrusion. Ice-shelf surface melt rates increase by an order of magnitude along the 21st century, mostly due to higher downward radiation from increased humidity, and to reduced albedo in the presence of melting. Eastern ice shelves (Abbot, Cosgrove and Pine Island) experience significant runoff in the future, while western ice shelves (Thwaites, Crosson, Dotson and Getz) remain without runoff. This is explained by the evolution of the melt-to-snowfall ratio: below a threshold of 0.60 to 0.85, firn air is not entirely depleted by melt water, while entire depletion and runoff occur for higher ratios. This suggests that western ice shelves might remain unaffected by hydrofracturing for more than a century under RCP8.5, while eastern ice shelves have a high potential for hydrofracturing before the end of this century.
Green innovation and income inequality: A complex system analysis

The objective of this paper is to analyse the relationship between income inequality and environmental innovation. To this end, we use the Economic Fitness and Complexity algorithm to compute an index of green inventive capacity in a panel of 57 countries over the period 1970–2010. The empirical analysis reveals that, on average, inequality is detrimental to countries’ capacity to develop complex green technologies. Using non-parametric methods we further articulate this general finding and uncover interesting non-linearities in the relationship between innovation and inequality.
Smart Mobility Communication and Human Exposure to RF Fields: a Numerical Dosimetry Approach

In-vehicle human exposure to RF fields generated by vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technology is assessed with numerical dosimetry. The exposure scenario was realistic and included a realistic 3D model of the car, multiple V2V antennas placed at the sides of the car and operated at the standard V2V communication frequency (5.9. GHz) and a phantom of an adult male placed at the driver position. The results evidenced that the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) was not negligible only in the body parts closer to the antennas, i.e., the limbs and negligible in the head and torso of the phantom. Whole body SAR and 10g averaged local body SAR obtained both in singleantenna and multiple-antenna exposures were well below the ICNIRP limits of exposure for the general public in the 100 kHz-6 GHz band. The greatest SAR was obtained when all the antennas were operated simultaneously and was equal to 1% and 7% of the limits for whole body and local body exposures, respectively.
How many grizzlies in Yellowstone

Trend data indicate that the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) population has been increasing in recent years, after a decline induced by closure of open garbage dumps in 1970-71. Current population size appears to be approaching a level where management to curb further increases might be desirable, even though it will be highly controversial. Continual close monitoring is essential for managers to know how to safeguard the population. Estimating total population size of an endangered or threatened species should be secondary to measuring essential population parameters, but nonetheless may be necessary to avoid misunderstandings. Knowledge of survival and reproductive rates is essential if causes of a decline are to be detected and corrected. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 60(2):416-421 Abstract: Trend data indicate that the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) population has been increasing in recent years, after a decline induced by closure of open garbage dumps in 1970-71. Current population size appears to be approaching a level where management to curb further increases might be desirable, even though it will be highly controversial. Continual close monitoring is essential for managers to know how to safeguard the population. Estimating total population size of an endangered or threatened species should be secondary to measuring essential population parameters, but nonetheless may be necessary to avoid misunderstandings. Knowledge of survival and reproductive rates is essential if causes of a decline are to be detected and corrected. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 60(2):416-421
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of clinical assessment itself, which is clearly subjective. Second, the authors report that the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index (DI) (4) was associated with clinical but not sonographic findings. However, detailed results on the correlation of global sonographic findings (e.g., total scores or scores on a sonography-based clinical disease activity index) with the HAQ DI or change in the HAQ DI are needed in order to assess the superiority of clinical measures to sonographic ones, especially given that the sample size for individual patients was limited (n 60) and the subanalysis (Table 3 in Gärtner and colleagues’ report) may not represent the true associations. In addition, treatment information is necessary for accurate interpretation of the association between synovitis and functional outcome, given the effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (5), corticosteroids, and tumor necrosis factor antagonists (6). Third, more detailed information on the methods used for the longitudinal analysis (e.g., interval or treatment modification) would be helpful for accurate interpretation. We are particularly interested in whether the physicians were blinded with regard to the baseline ultrasound findings since if they were not, the presence of inflammation seen on sonography could have influenced clinical decision making and resulted in treatment escalation, weakening the association of sonographic findings with relapse. As Gärtner et al discuss, a more comprehensive sonographic assessment including other joints (e.g., large joints), other views (e.g., palmar aspect), and other synovial tissues (e.g., tenosynovium) could have demonstrated a closer association with disability, and furthermore, radiographic data would have been informative, as previous studies have shown (2,6,7). We completely agree with the authors that more detailed assessment of sonographic data is needed to fully understand the value of ultrasound in the management of RA. Drs. Ikeda’s and Koike’s authorship is on behalf of the Japan College of Rheumatology Committee for the Standardization of Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography.
Efficacy of daratumumab combination regimen in patients with multiple myeloma: A combined analysis of phase III randomized controlled trials

The use of the CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab in combination with standard myeloma chemotherapy regimens has been studied extensively in recent years. We undertook an updated meta‐analysis of phase III randomized controlled trials (RCT) to determine the efficacy of daratumumab combination regimens. The relative risk for progression was significantly lower in daratumumab‐treated cohorts (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.38‐0.55) and this was consistent across newly diagnosed and relapsed cases. No statistically significant improvement was identified in newly diagnosed patients with high‐risk cytogenetics and this group remains a therapeutic challenge.
A Molecular Basis for Erythromycin Sensitivity and Resistance in Escherichia Coli

A MOLECULAR BASIS FOR ERYTHROMYCIN SENSITIVITY AND RESISTANCE IN ESCHERICHIA £QLX by Harold Chittum The effect of erythromycin on the 50S riboscanal subunit during cell growth has been extensively investigated. Sucrose density gradient analysis of ribosomes formed in the presence and absence of the drug revealed a 50S specific assembly defect is partially responsible for erythromycin's inhibitory effects on wild type cells. Examination of two erythromycin-resistant mutants of E. coli {N281 and N282) revealed that mutant N281 (L22 mutant) but not N282 {L4 mutant) was assembly defective in the presence of the drug, although only at much higher drug concentrations (300 ug/ml vs. 75 ug/ml for wild type cells). The altered genes from each mutant have been isolated and sequenced. The L22 mutant was found to contain a 9 bp deletion which eliminated codons 82-84, and the sequence MetLys-Arg from the protein. The L4 mutant had an A to G transition mutation in codon 63 resulting in a Lys to Glu change in the protein. Complementation of each mutant by their respective wild type genes resulted in an increased sensitivity to the drug in the partial diploid strains. Two other macrolide antibiotics (oleandomycin and spiranycin) were also examined but revealed no apparent assembly effect on wild type cells. The MLS antibiotics also appeared to be unable to effect assembly. However, the erythromycin derivative azithronycin showed a similar effect on assembly to that of the parent compound although clarithromycin (another erythromycin derivative) did not. These resultB suggest erythromycin and azithronycin effect assembly through rlbosomal protein L4 and to a lesser extent through protein L22.
Structures of New Terpenoid Constituents of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) KARST (Polyporaceae)

Eight new terpenoid constituents named ganoderenic acids A (1), B (2), C (3) and D (4), ganoderic acids E (5), F (6), and G (7), and lucidenic acid D (8) were isolated from dried fruiting bodies of the fungus, Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) KARST (Polyporaceae) and their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data and some chemical interconversions.