Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate change and its impacts on river discharge in two climate regions in China

Understanding the heterogeneity of climate change and its impacts on annual and seasonal discharge and the difference between median flow and extreme flow in different climate regions is of utmost importance to successful water management. To quantify the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of climate change impacts on hydrological processes, this study simulated river discharge in the River Huangfuchuan in semi-arid northern China and in the River Xiangxi in humid southern China. The study assessed the uncertainty in projected discharge for three time periods (2020s, 2050s and 2080s) using seven equally weighted GCMs (global climate models) for the SRES (Special Reports on Emissions Scenarios) A1B scenario. Climate projections that were applied to semi-distributed hydrological models (Soil Water Assessment Tools, SWAT) in both catchments showed trends toward warmer and wetter conditions, particularly for the River Huangfuchuan. Results based on seven GCMs’ projections indicated changes from −1.1 to 8.6 C and 0.3 to 7.0 C in seasonal temperature and changes from−29 to 139 % and−32 to 85 % in seasonal precipitation in the rivers Huangfuchuan and Xiangxi, respectively. The largest increases in temperature and precipitation in both catchments were projected in the spring and winter seasons. The main projected hydrologic impact was a more pronounced increase in annual discharge in the River Huangfuchuan than in the River Xiangxi. Most of the GCMs projected increased discharge in all seasons, especially in spring, although the magnitude of these increases varied between GCMs. The peak flows were projected to appear earlier than usual in the River Huangfuchuan and later than usual in the River Xiangxi, while the GCMs were fairly consistent in projecting increased extreme flows in both catchments with varying magnitude compared to median flows. For the River Huangfuchuan in the 2080s, median flow changed from −2 to 304 %, compared to a −1 to 145 % change in high flow (Q05 exceedance threshold). For the River Xiangxi, low flow (Q95 exceedance threshold) changed from −1 to 77 % and high flow changed from −1 to 62 %, while median flow changed from−4 to 23 %. The uncertainty analysis provided an improved understanding of future hydrologic behavior in the watershed. Furthermore, this study indicated that the uncertainty constrained by GCMs was critical and should always be considered in analysis of climate change impacts and adaptation.
UNDERGROUND WATER IN OPEN PIT MINING AT MAE MOH MINE OF THAILAND

The groundwater problem at Mae Moh mine has drawn attention as the mining excavation goes deeper, thus resulting in detailed investigation of hydrogeological condition. One of the problems facing the mining is floor heave influenced by groundwater. The control of groundwater pressure in deep-seated aquifers with high elevation becomes important in the mining. In addition, the underground water at Mae Moh mine is naturally contaminated by arsenic. Therefore, the developments of 3D groundwater model of deep pit mine using Modflow simulation and the studies of underground water treatment are needed for the future planning. The predictive simulations were carried out for eight years (2007 to 2015). Because stability of the Mae Moh mine shows how can be closely linked to the water environment, this paper aims to report the field visits to the water related facilities of the mine, which were conducted during 2010-2013. The result reveals that the potentiometric head level is strongly increased, which might be a potential risk for the floor heave; thus, depressurization is required. Field measurements reveal pH level at 8 and a range of total dissolved solid (TDS) at 870-2020 ppm. Treatment efficiency shows that more than 95% of the arsenic can be successfully removed using ferric chloride.
The Paradox of the ASN Office ’ s Promotion Through Merit System in the Government of Central Kalimantan

Act No. 5 of 2014 on state civil apparatus emphasizes promotion of the permanent officer should be done in transparent, equitable, or professional as well as putting forward the competence such as knowledge and skills had by state civil apparatus. In fact, the implementation of open selection conducted by in the office’s promotion of state civil apparatus is not fully able to walk in accordance with the employees’ intention. This research specifically discusses the urgent evidence by using qualitative approaches in which researchers describe the problems occurred at each stage of the program in the provincial government for the Central Kalimantan. The study found there is a political intervention of the regional head so that determination and placement of the public servant in the government as formed by the head of the area, not based on the results of the selection run by the special selection team. Therefore, the design of the selection should be pressured on cutting the pol itical intervention and the regional head involvement as the positive consequence is that political position may be run in a professional way.
EasyChair Preprint No 833 Continuous Authentication Using Mouse Clickstream Data Analysis

Biometrics is used to authenticate an individual based on physiological or behavioral traits. Mouse dynamics is an example of a behavioral biometric that can be used to perform continuous authentication as protection against security breaches. Recent research on mouse dynamics has shown promising results in identifying users; however, it has not yet reached an acceptable level of accuracy. In this paper, an empirical evaluation of different classification techniques is conducted on a mouse dynamics dataset, the Balabit Mouse Challenge dataset. User identification is carried out using three mouse actions: mouse move, point and click, and drag and drop. Verification and authentication methods are conducted using three machine-learning classifiers: the Decision Tree classifier, the KNearest Neighbors classifier, and the Random Forest classifier. The results show that the three classifiers can distinguish between a genuine user and an impostor with a relatively high degree of accuracy. In the verification mode, all the classifiers achieve a perfect accuracy of 100%. In authentication mode, all three classifiers achieved the highest accuracy (ACC) and Area Under Curve (AUC) from scenario B using the point and click action data: (Decision Tree ACC:87.6%, AUC:90.3%), (K-Nearest Neighbors ACC:99.3%, AUC:99.9%), and (Random Forest ACC:89.9%, AUC:92.5%).
An object oriented system for damage tolerance design of stiffened panels

This paper describes an interactive, integrated system for damage tolerance design of aircraft stiffened panels. The tasks supported by the system range from the initial definition of the stiffened panel configuration to the elaboration of the residual strength and crack growth diagrams, including the mesh design and the incremental crack extension analysis. The structural configuration is represented in an object oriented fashion, using a high level of abstraction and in terms of object components well-known to the designer, such as stiffeners, cracks and boundaries. Input data is performed interactively, through a user-friendly windows-based interface and the boundary element meshes are automatically designed using a rule-based strategy. Crack propagation analysis is performed with the dual boundary element method which allows for the solution of problems involving single or multiple cracks under mixed mode conditions. q 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Automatic Scaling of Echo Traces on Ionogram: An Attempt to Separate Propagation Modes

Ionosonde observations have been widely performed worldwide as a means of observing ionospheric electron density structures ever since related techniques were first established in the 1920s. It is no exaggeration to say that our present-day knowledge about the basic structure of ionospheric electron density was brought about by ionosonde observations. In recent years, ionosonde observations have been performed for monitoring ionospheric irregularities that adversely affect GPS, applying to physical values that are difficult to observe such as thermospheric neutral wind, and continue being one of the most effective means of observation in conducting ionospheric studies. Moreover, ongoing ionosonde observations are assuming greater importance in recent years as reported by Reference[1]on the relationship between long-term ionospheric variations and global warming as estimated from ionosonde observation data. An ionosonde transmits radio waves toward the ionosphere while sweeping frequencies, and then measures the time (delay time) until the transmitted radio waves are reflected back to the ground by the ionosphere (Fig. 1 (a)). The observation data is normally represented in a diagram called an “ionogram” that expresses signal strength as a contour with the apparent altitude (i.e., half the value of round-trip distance between the ground and reflecting point as calculated by multiplying delay time by speed of light c) being taken on the axis of ordinate, and frequency on the axis of abscissa (Fig. 1 (b)). The curve pointed to by each arrow in Fig. 1 (b) designates an echo from the ionospheric F-region that reflects information about vertical height distributions of ionospheric electron density (N(h) profile). Ionograms offer a very convenient information for understanding the overall structure of the ionospheric electron density. But since the group velocity of transmitted radio waves is a function of the ionospheric electron density and magnetic field, it is necessary to scale the frequency and delay time of reflective echoes sequentially, and then convert them into a N(h) profile with the group velocity of propagation in plasma taken into account, in order to derive a N(h) profile of numeric data like that shown in Fig. 2. This means that the N(h) profile would not
Go with the Flow: Accelerated digital design in the age of Post-agility

Abstract This paper describes a progressive shift in agile. This change is characterised by greater team autonomy, hybridised practices and strong orientation to design thinking (Cross, 1982) and flow (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997). This conclusion is substantiated through research, a comprehensive literature review and theory building (Knight, 2013). The supporting data, elicited from a representative cohort (n=308) helps develop a theoretical model of agile. The model frames the shift in practice as an evolution toward ‘post-agility’ (Baskerville, et al 2011). In this future state, agile orthodoxy has been replaced by ‘co-design thinking’ through a new integrated ‘flow methodology’. There are many implications for the next phase of design. Firstly, agility must be core curricula in design education. Secondly, design methods that can work with a broader set of data to support autonomous teams are needed. Lastly, the speed of change necessitates stronger connections between practice, theory and the broader context of design knowledge.
Network Discovery NSI Acquisition Velocity & Position Estimation Triggers & Events ( Network Related ) Network State Information Service Service Classification Triggers & Events ( Service Related ) Flow monitoring & Traffic Analysis Service Information Handling Required Resources Estimation Triggers

Providing ubiquitous connectivity to the passengers of public transportation vehicles is an important goal of the communication system designers in the context of fast development of the intelligent transportation systems and of the Future Internet communication technologies. This paper proposes the architecture of a connectivity system for public transportation communication services, the architecture design being considered on three distinct levels: system, functional and platform level. The proposed system architecture specifies a minimal set of entities required to implement the envisaged connectivity solution and based on a functional analysis the subsystems and modules are derived. By mapping the functional architecture on the hardware components intended to be used the platform architecture is developed. The paper proposes also the design of the mechanisms which implement the inter-process communications, perform the acquisition and handling of the context information and implement a distributed information system characterizing the heterogeneous networking environment. For other mechanisms, like decision and mobility management, the design principles are described. In order to validate the proposed architecture design and to check the correct functioning of the various subsystems and modules a few experimental tests are presented. Keywords—heterogeneous networks, mechanisms design, network monitoring, system architecture, ubiquitous connectivity.
Deterministic modelling of nitrogen utilisation by horses managed under pasture-based , intensive and semi-intensive systems with different levels of pasture intake

There are limited data on the average nitrogen (N) intake and N loss for the different classes of equine livestock, and the different equine production systems within New Zealand. Using a deterministic model, the total nitrogen excreted, and nitrogen partitioned into animal requirements, urine and faeces were estimated based on the crude protein requirement, digestible crude protein intake, and crude protein excreted in urine and faeces. Separate models were generated for five different livestock classes managed within three different production systems (commercial breeding farm, sport horse and racehorse). Overall, the N in diet (%), the modelled daily N intake and N losses varied with the percentage of pasture in the diet. The faecal N loss remained consistent (20-25%) across diets and horse classes whereas urinary N loss increased with daily N intake and percentage of pasture in the diet. Total N loss per day was estimated to be 0.18, 0.28, and 0.48 g N/kg body weight in racehorse, sport horse and Thoroughbred mares respectively. The N excretion per unit weight from young horses, racehorses and sport horses were substantially lower than that reported for ruminants. Therefore, horse-specific data should be used when modelling farm-level nitrogen excretion.
Surveillanceof invasive in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Argentina 1994 – 2007 : Changes in serotype distribution , serotype coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and antibiotic resistance

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prevalent cause of invasive diseases in children, justifying continuous surveillance programs such as by the SIREVA group (Pan American Health Organization). The aim of this study was to determine the serotype distribution ofS. pneumoniaecausing invasive disease in children < 6 years old, the serotype coverage of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 7-valent (PCV7), 10-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13), and antibiotic resistance, from 1994 to 2007. During this period, 2205 invasive S. pneumoniae were included in the study. Although 49 different capsular types were identified, 12 serotypes accounted for 86% of all isolates. These were prevalent throughout the study period with serotype 14 predominating. Penicillin non-susceptible S. pneumoniae was detected in 33.2% of all isolates. The coverage of PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13 from 2004 to 2007 for children< 2 years old was 51.7%, 72.4% and 84.5%, respectively. The data demonstrates a decline in serotype 14, and an increase in serotypes 1 and 19A in the study period. Resistance to penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased, while resistance to erythromycin increased. These results demonstrate the need for the introduction of a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine and continuing surveillance to monitor changes in serotypes distribution and antimicrobial resistance.
Correlation between mitochondrial DNA 4977 bp deletion and presbycusis

Abstract Objective: Researchers have evaluated the associations between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 4977 bp deletion and presbycusis. This study aimed to assess the differences of mtDNA 4977 bp deletion between presbycusis patients and controls by conducting a meta-analysis of published studies. Methods: Databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data were searched to collect case–control studies on the correlation between mitochondrial DNA 4977 bp deletion and presbycusis. The research findings of related articles were collected according to the inclusion criteria. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis was performed to examine the source of heterogeneity. Revman 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used for data synthesis. Results : Eight English and Chinese studies were included in the meta-analysis, the results of which showed that mitochondrial DNA 4977 bp deletion could increase the risk of presbycusis (OR = 8.16, 95% CI: 3.51–18.99), and the difference was statistically significant (P <. 01). Analysis of the polled OR showed the incidence of mtDNA 4977 bp deletion was 8.50 times higher in Asians with presbycusis than in the control group. And the OR in the studies of occidentals was 7.24. Sample source analysis was also performed with the sample source divided by temporal bone source and other sources (hair and blood). The OR was 4.18 and 22.36 for the temporal bone and other sources, respectively. Conclusion: Mitochondrial DNA 4977 bp deletion could increase the risk of presbycusis.
The State Of Cloud Computing In Nigeria

This work provides lucid explanation of cloud computing, it's components and characteristics. It provides a detailed account of the history of cloud computing and the extent it has been adopted in Africa amidst the economic and infrastructural challenges. A detailed survey of the adoption of this technology in different establishment and coalition in Nigeria was discussed. It was observed that despite the eminent challenges faced in a developing Country like Nigeria, deployment of cloud computing had commenced, and was thriving in finance, business and oil sectors of the country. Suggestions on expanding participants of cloud computing to include small and medium scale enterprises, health sector and others were proffered.
Crystallization of Phycobilinproteins of a Cyanobacterium Calothrix elenkinii

Bilin-based fluorescent proteins, phycoerythrin, inducible phycocyanin, and constitutive phycocyanin, were isolated from cyanobacterium Calothrix elenkiniii by native gel electrophoresis. The purified proteins were crystallized in MgSO4 precipitation solution. Isolation method of the bilin protein by native gel electrophoresis is easiest method, time consuming and pure, crystallization of these economically important phycobilin proteins is reliable.
Evolution of anthropogenic air pollutant emissions in Guangdong Province, China, from 2006 to 2015

Abstract. Guangdong Province (GD), one of the most prosperous and populous regions in China, still experiences haze events and growing ozone pollution in spite of the substantial air-quality improvement in recent years. Integrated control of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone in GD calls for a systematic review of historical emissions. In this study, emission trends, spatial variations, source-contribution variations, and reduction potentials of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), PM2.5, inhalable particles (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in GD from 2006 to 2015 were first examined using a dynamic methodology, taking into account economic development, technology penetration, and emission controls. The relative change rates of anthropogenic emissions in GD during 2006–2015 are −48 % for SO2, −0.5 % for NOx, −16 % for PM2.5, −22 % for PM10, 13 % for CO, 3 % for NH3, and 13 % for VOCs. The declines of SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and PM10 emissions in the whole province mainly resulted from the stringent emission control in the Pearl River delta (PRD) region, where most previous control measures were focused, especially on power plants (SO2 and NOx), industrial combustion (SO2, PM2.5, PM10), on-road mobile sources (NOx), and dust sources (PM2.5 and PM10). Emissions from other areas (non-PRD, NPRD), nevertheless, remain relatively stable due to the lax control measures and rapidly growing energy consumption. In addition, emission leaks of SO2 and NOx from industries are observed from PRD to NPRD in 2010 and 2011. As a result, emissions in NPRD are increasingly important in GD, particularly those from industrial combustion. The contribution of NPRD to the total SO2 emissions in GD, for example, increased from 27 % in 2006 to 48 % in 2015. On-road mobile sources and solvent use are the two key sources that should receive more effective control measures in GD. Current control-driven emission reductions from on-road mobile sources are neutralized by the substantial growth of the vehicle population, while VOC emissions in GD steadily increase due to the growth of solvent use and the absence of effective control measures. Besides, future work could focus on power plants and industrial combustion in GD and industrial process sources in NPRD, which still have large emission reduction potentials. The historical emission inventory developed in this study not only helps to understand the emission evolution in GD, but also provides robust data to quantify the impact of emission and meteorology variations on air quality and unveil the primary cause of significant air-quality change in GD in the recent decade.
CONSORT Randomized Clinical Trial Comparison of the Effect of Root Canal Preparation by Using WaveOne and ProTaper on Postoperative Pain : A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: WaveOne is a single-file reciprocating instrumentation system with the benefits of M-Wire alloy that has increased flexibility and improved resistance to cyclic fatigue over the conventional alloy. Root canal preparation techniques may cause postoperative pain. The goal of the present study was to compare the intensity and duration of postoperative pain when using WaveOne or ProTaper Universal systems for instrumentation of root canals. Methods: Forty-two patients who fulfilled specific inclusion criteria were assigned to 2 groups according to the root canal instrumentation technique used, WaveOne or ProTaper Universal. Root canal treatment was carried out in 2 appointments, and the severity of postoperative pain was assessed by numerical rating scale (NRS) score after each session until complete pain relief was achieved. Analgesic consumption, duration of pain, and root canal preparation time were also recorded. Results: The mean NRS score and duration of pain after both appointments were significantly higher in the WaveOne group (P < .05); however, the mean analgesic consumption was only significantly higher in the WaveOne group after the first appointment (P < .05). In all groups the highest mean NRS score was seen 6 hours after each therapeutic appointment. Canal preparation time was significantly shorter in the WaveOne group (P < .001). Conclusions: Postoperative pain was significantly lower in patients undergoing canal instrumentation with ProTaper Universal rotary instruments compared with the WaveOne reciprocating single-file technique. (J Endod
ON CARBON NANOTUBE BASED POLYMER COMPOSITES A D ITS APPLICATIONS

The unique structural, electrical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) appoint CNTs as a promising candidate for a broad advantage on the applications of sensors, electronic devices, biomedical and many more. Due to the problems in transferring the extraordinary properties of CNTs to the application, it is critical to modify CNT surface before starting with further experimental procedure in order to improve interfacial adhesion, strength and mechanical properties of polymer/CNTs. This short review provides an overview of the state of knowledge especially in dispersion method, applications and recent research on CNTs with a particular emphasis on CNTs as reinforcement of polymer composites, for many potential applications.