Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reply to Reviewer 1

Under the UK focused Greenhouse gAs and Uk and Global Emissions (GAUGE) project, two new tall tower greenhouse gas (GHG) observation sites were established in the 2013/2014 Northern Hemispheric winter. These sites, located at existing telecommunications towers, utilised a combination 15 of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and gas chromatography (GC) to measure key GHGs (CO2, CH4, CO, N2O and SF6). Measurements were made at multiple intake heights on each tower. CO2 and CH4 dry mole fractions were calculated from either CRDS measurements of wet air which were post corrected with an instrument specific empirical correction or samples dried to between 0.05 and 0.3 % H2O using a Nafion® dryer, with a smaller correction applied for the residual H2O. The impact of these 20 two drying strategies was examined. Drying with a Nafion® drier was not found to have a significant effect on the observed CH4 mole fraction; however, Nafion® drying did cause a 0.02 μmol mol-1 CO2 bias. This bias was stable for sample CO2 mole fractions between 373 and 514 μmol mol-1 and for sample H2O up to 3.5 %. As the calibration and standard gases are treated in the same manner, the 0.02 μmol mol-1 CO2 bias is mostly calibrated out with the residual error ( 0.01 μmol mol-1 CO2) well below the 25 World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) reproducibility requirements. Of more concern was the error associated with the empirical instrument specific water correction algorithms. These corrections are relatively stable and reproducible for samples with H2O between 0.2 and 2.5 %, CO2 between 345 and
JsonToOnto: Building Owl2 Ontologies from Json Documents

The amount of data circulating through the web has grown rapidly recently. This data is available as semi-structured or unstructured documents, especially JSON documents. However, these documents lack semantic description. In this paper, we present a method to automatically extract an OWL2 ontology from a JSON document. We propose a set of transformation rules to transform JSON elements to ontology components. Our approach also allows analyzing the content of JSON documents to discover categorization in order to generate class hierarchy. Finally, we evaluate our approach by conducting experiments on several JSON documents. The results show that the obtained ontologies are rich in terms of taxonomic relationships.
OBTAINING Artemisia cina POLYPLOIDY THROUGH PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR TREATMENT IN SHOOT CULTURE

Artemisia cina is a medicinal plant species which produces bioactive compound potential to anti-tumor, antifungal and antibacterial medicines. This study was aimed to obtain A. cina polyploid plants through a treatment of growth regulators in shoot culture. The shoot were treated in 1; 15; 2; and 3 mg L -1 of 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) combined with 1; 1.5; 2; 3 mg L -1 of Benzyladenine (BA) for 28 days. Chromosome analysis showed that the highest polyploidy percentage, 23%, was reached in the treatment of 2 mg L -1 of 2,4-D combined with 1 of BA mg L -1 . The polyploidy level varied, comprising 2n=3x, 2n=4x, 2n=5x, 2n=6x, with the highest polyploidy level percentage, 28.57%, and it was attained in the tetraploid (2n=4x). Polyploid plants had larger leaves area, larger stomatal size, and higher chlorophyll content than diploid plants. However stomatal density of polyploidy plants was lower than that of in diploid plants.
Genetic diversity assessment of lily genotypes native to Korea based on simple sequence repeat markers

Molecular characterization of different genotypes reveals accurate information about the degree of genetic diversity that helps to develop a proper breeding program. In this study, a total of 30 EST-based simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers derived from trumpet lily (Lilium longiflorum) were used across 11 native lily species for their genetic relationship. Among these 30 markers, 24 SSR markers that showed polymorphism were used for evaluation of diversity spectrum. The allelic number at per locus ranged from 1 at SSR2 locus to 34 alleles at SSR15 locus, with an average of 11.25 alleles across 24 loci observed. The polymorphic information content, PIC, values ranged from 0.0523 for SSR9 to 0.9919 for SSR2 in all 24 loci with an average of 0.3827. The allelic frequency at every locus ranged from 0.81% at SSR2 locus to 99.6% at SSR14 locus. The pairwise genetic dissimilarity coefficient revealed the highest genetic distance with a value of 81.7% was in between L. dauricum and L. amabile. A relatively closer genetic distance was found between L. lancifolium and L. dauricum, L. maximowiczii and L. concolor, L. maximowiczii and L. distichum (Jeju), L. tsingtauense and L. callosum, L. cernuum and L. distichum (Jeju ecotype), of which dissimilarity coefficient was 50.0%. The molecular fingerprinting based on microsatellite marker could serve boldly to recognize genetically distant accessions and to sort morphologically close as well as duplicate accessions.
Hereditary variety among Northern and Southern Egyptian wild oxen utilizing polymerase chain response arbitrary opened up polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD)

The domestic water buffalo is a species of great economic potential, especially in developing countries like Egypt. Egyptian buffalo have been classified according to minor phenotypic differences and their geographical locations. Few studies have taken place to investigate the genetic variations in Egyptian buffalo using microsatellites analysis. In the present study, 11 random primers were analyzed for the genetic diversity determination between Northern and Southern Egyptian buffaloes using polymerase chain reaction-random amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD) analysis. 169 bands were amplified for the analyzed 11 random primers, from which 160 bands (94.67%) for North populations and 168 bands for South population (99.41%). Out of the 160 amplified bands in North populations, 152 bands were polymorphic with a percentage of 89.94% and only one specific band (0.59%). In South population, all 168 amplified bands were polymorphic, nine bands (5.33%) were specific for this population. The identity index and the genetic distance between North and South populations were measured. The results showed that the two tested populations have the same origin and belong to one breed without significant genetic difference between their animals.
Social Entrepreneurial Intention among Business Undergraduates: An Emerging Economy Perspective

Social entrepreneurs are viewed as having the abilities to combat social and economic problems in which government, businesses, and non-profits may not be able to solve the problems alone. Consequently, with the collaboration among these sectors, more social enterprises can be established to create social values and development in a nation, specifically among the emerging economies. Therefore, it is timely to investigate what motivates undergraduates to develop social entrepreneurial intention. Drawing from the entrepreneurial models of Shapero and Sokol (1982) and Kruger and Brazeal (1994), this study aims to examine the social entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates from the perspective of an emerging economy. The proposed conceptual model differs from the existing entrepreneurial intention studies by adding the concepts of empathy and social entrepreneurship exposure as the antecedents to perceived desirability and perceived feasibility of social enterprising start-up, which in turn link to social entrepreneurial intention. Using the quota sampling technique, data were collected from 257 business and economics undergraduates from both public and private higher education institutions in Malaysia. The survey instrument was adapted from prior related studies, for instance, Davis (1983) for empathy; Shapero and Sokol (1982) for social entrepreneurship exposure; Krueger (1993) for perceived desirability and perceived feasibility; and Chen et al. (1998) for social entrepreneurial intention. Partial least squares path modelling was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships in the proposed conceptual framework. It is hoped that the findings of this study will shed light on the existing literature of social entrepreneurship, specifically the social entrepreneurial intention studies from the emerging economies perspective.
A digital temperature atlas for the Norwegian Sea

Ottersen, G. 2010. A digital temperature atlas for the Norwegian Sea. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1525-1537.The first digital temperature atlas for the Norwegian Sea (Nordic Seas/GIN Sea) is described and examples of applications given. The atlas is intended mainly to make historical temperature values available to fisheries oceanographers, fisheries biologists, and stock assessment scientists in a structured, uniform format. It should also be of interest to physical oceanographers, climate researchers, and numerical modellers, and will be of relevance to remote-sensing analyses. The atlas, made freely available for scientific non-commercial purposes, is based on interpolation from 59 496 mainly Norwegian, Faroese, and Icelandic hydrographic stations. It consists of gridded temperature fields for the area 20°W-20°E 60-80°N, with a spatial resolution of 1/2° longitude by 1/3° latitude. It covers the quarters January-March, April-June, July-September, and October-December for each year from 1990 to 2007 at 28 depth levels from 0 to 500 m. Two versions of the atlas were produced, one based solely on actual data and one where cells with “missing” values were filled from World Ocean Atlas 05 climatology. Suggested applications include the mapping of horizontal fields and vertical sections, initiation or verification of numerical models, comparisons with SST values from remote sensing, calculations within any chosen latitude-longitude-depth box, and the estimation of the ambient temperatures fish experience when the atlas is used in conjunction with information on fish distribution.
Analysis of Somatic Variants in Growth Hormone Secreting Pituitary Adenomas by Whole Exome Sequencing

Background: Whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies of pituitary adenoma have reported on average three mutations per patient tumor and discovered calcium signaling pathway mediated role of tumorigenesis. The aim of this study is to analyze the somatic variants in growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary adenoma using WES. Material and Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was used to identify somatic mutations in GH-secreting pituitary adenomas from 14 patients (7-45 years), including a sample from a patient with germline GPR101 duplication. A mean sequencing depth of 94x was achieved covering 98% of targeted exonic regions at a minimum depth of 10x. Results: A total of 30 somatic variants were identified from 14 tumor samples. A recurrent hotspot mutation in GNAS, a well-established gene implicated in acromegaly, were identified in four patients. In addition, missense variants in CACNA1H and WIPI1 were identified which have only been reported in single patients previously. We also observed variants in GNAQ, RASGEF1B and PARP4 (this latter one in the GPR101-positive sample) genes that are involved in cAMP and calcium signaling pathways but have not been previously reported to be altered in acromegaly. Large deletions in chromosomes 1, 6, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 19 and 20 were also observed in at least eight patients. Conclusion: By combining our findings with data from previous studies of GH-secreting adenomas, we conclude that pathways involving calcium and cAMP signaling are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of somatotroph adenomas.
Nutritional Imbalances in a Mexican Vegan Community: A Comparative Pilot Study

The vegan diet excludes animal-derived product consumption and health advantages had been reported when followed. However, heterogeneous eating habits, food availability, and sociocultural characteristics among regions could lead to different physiological results. The objective of this case-control cross-sectional pilot study was to analyze body composition, daily nutrients consumption, and basic serum biomarkers as a general overview of the health status of Mexican adults with a vegan diet for ≥3 years, randomly paired with omnivores. Body composition was assessed through bioelectric impedance analysis. Eating patterns were evaluated and daily nutrients intake was calculated. A complete blood count, glycated hemoglobin, cobalamin, and creatinine serum concentrations were analyzed. We hypothesized certain nutrient deficits and specific biomarker impairments originated from cultural particularities driving food selection in Mexicans following a plant-based diet. Body composition did not differ among groups. Lower protein, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, cobalamin, calciferol, fluoride, iodine, and selenium intake yet greater fiber, folic acid, vitamin E, copper, and molybdenum were observed in the plant-based group when compared with controls. Vegans presented lower cobalamin and creatinine serum concentrations. Hematologic abnormalities were prevalent in vegans. Insufficient consumption of several nutriments was identified in both dietary groups, suggesting that the local diet may be unbalanced, affecting both vegans and non-vegan individuals. However, vegans might present additional deficiencies, especially vitamin B12, with potential repercussions. Clinical and nutritional guidance is required in this particular population to avoid possible health adverse events.
Logotherapy - Theoretical Aspects and Field Studies in Israel

The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of the literature on the interrelationships of the dimensions of human existence based on Logotherapy theory. The review of numerous studies that have tried to clarify the relationship between the meaning of life (the purpose-in-life score), the spiritual dimension, and other human existence dimensions focused on the meaning of life and military service at the IDF (Israel Defense Forces), the meaning of life and moral judgment, and the meaning of life and suicidal tendencies and drug abuse. The research findings regarding the meaning of life referred to different aspects of this variable in terms of Frankl’s (1970) theory. The findings of the different studies were consistent in demonstrating the contribution of this variable to the qualities of moral judgment, strengthening of self-image, low neuroticism, a lower tendency to use drugs, and improved ability to adapt to change, transition, and crisis situations.
Artificial neural network based prediction of heat transfer in a vertical thermosiphon reboiler

The present study deals with the prediction of heat transfer coefficients for water and benzene using ANN in a vertical thermosiphon reboiler. The experimental data from the literature were used for training of feed forward artificial neural network with error back propagation technique. Different training algorithms have been applied with different hidden layers and nodes to train the network. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficients predicted was close to the experimental data within the maximum error of ± 20 %. If more exhaustive input data were fed then error would have become still lesser. It has been observed that some algorithms are very efficient with respect to training time in comparison to other algorithms.
On the Green’s function emergence from interferometry of seismic wavefields generated in high-melt glaciers: implications for passive imaging and monitoring

Abstract. Ambient noise seismology has revolutionized seismic characterization of the Earth's crust from local to global scales. The elastic Green's function (GF) between two receivers can be reconstructed via cross-correlation of the ambient noise seismograms. An homogenized wavefield illuminating the propagation medium in all directions is a pre-requesite for obtaining accurate GF. For seismic data recorded on glaciers, this condition imposes strong limitations on GF convergence, because of minimal seismic scattering in homogeneous ice. We address this difficulty by investigating three patterns of seismic wavefields: a favourable distribution of icequakes and noise sources recorded on a dense array of 98 sensors on Glacier d'Argentière (France), a dominant noise source constituted by a moulin within a smaller seismic array on the Greenland ice-sheet, and crevasse-generated scattering at Gornergletscher (Switzerland). In Glacier d'Argentière, surface melt routing through englacial channels produces turbulent water flow creating sustained ambient seismic sources and thus favorable conditions for GF estimates. From the velocity measurements of reconstructed Rayleigh waves, we invert bed properties and depth profiles, and map seismic anisotropy, which is likely introduced by crevassing. In Greenland, we employ an advanced pre-processing scheme which include match-field processing and eigenspectral equalization of the cross-spectra to remove the moulin source signature and reduce the effect of inhomogeneous wavefields on the GF. At Gornergletscher, cross-correlations of icequake coda waves show evidence for homogenized wavefields. Optimization of coda correlation windows further promotes the GF convergence. This study presents new processing schemes on suitable array geometries for passive seismic imaging and monitoring of glaciers.
Does granting minority shareholders direct control over corporate decisions increase shareholder value? A natural experiment from China

Using a unique 2004 Chinese securities regulation that requires equity offering proposals to seek the separate approval of minority shareholders, we provide direct evidence that giving minority shareholders direct control over corporate decisions increases the quality of corporate decisions and shareholder value. The stock market reaction to the announcement of the regulation increases with mutual fund ownership. The regulation deters management from submitting value decreasing equity offering proposals, especially in firms with higher mutual fund ownership. Value reducing equity offering proposals submitted in the post-regulation period are more likely to be vetoed in firms with higher mutual fund ownership. JEL: G32, G34, G38
Residual Stress and Deformation Modelling for Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes

Metal additive Manufacturing has gained increasing attention in the area of rapid manufacturing and repairing. This process involves extremely high thermal gradients and heat and cooling rate, resulting in residual stresses and distortion. This paper presents a 3D sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model to predict residual stresses and deformations. The temperature distribution, thermal stress field and geometry deformation across domain are illustrated. The effect of deposition parameters on residual stress and deflections are also explored. A set of validation experiments for mechanical effects were conducted using laser displacement sensor. The comparisons between the simulated and experimental results show good agreement.
A comparison of fixed and random regression models applied to dairy test day production data

The fixed regression model (FRM) developed in the early stages of modelling test day (TD) data (Ptak and Schaeffer, 1993) was a simplified version of the random regression model (RRM) (Jamrozik et al., 1997). It is assumed in the FRM that there are constant animal and permanent environmental effects throughout the course of the lactation. The heterogeneous variances at different lactation stages are not taken into account and correlations between any two tests are assumed to be equal. Although cows belonging to different sub-groups, eg. ageparity-season classes, are allowed to have different average lactation curves, deviations from the average curves are not modelled by the FRM. In the RRM, fixed lactation curves model means of data over stages of lactation while random lactation curves model the variance-covariance structure of TD data. Little work has been done to compare the fixed and random regression models used in animal breeding. The objective of this study was to compare the two models using Canadian Holstein TD data. Materials and Methods
Fake News and Sarcasm, what is the limit of a critic and what is intentionally fake?

Nowadays it is hard to distinguish what is a fake information made to mislead, cause havoc and hysteria than a true critic that has only the intention to highlight a social problem or an abnormality of some sort. In order to diminish the number of false positives in fake news detection, we experimented two neural network models trained by a combined set of true, fake and sarcastic news in order to test how accurate would be our model. This paper has the goal to propose future steps of an ongoing experiment and discuss the usage of collaboration aided by machines to gather such data to the models.
A STUDY OF USER EXPERIENCE FOR E-LEARNING USING INTERACTIVE ONLINE TECHNOLOGIES

User experience (UX) is a branch of human computer interaction (HCI) field. UX is a study that focuses on behaviours, attitudes, and perspectives towards services or technologies used within a specific context such as teaching and learning context. The teaching and learning process has evolved from traditional to elearning and recently interactive e-learning settings. The aim of this research is to study UX in online interactive e-learning. The study use observation, interview, and survey methods for data collection. Quantitative and qualitative analyses methods were applied. Findings of the study suggest that students and a teacher demonstrate positive attitudes and behaviours towards online interactive e-learning. Moreover, most of the advantages of face-to-face class interaction in a traditional classroom can be also achieved in online interactive e-learning. The interactive e-learning setting helps less confident and shy students to participate resulting in engagement between a teacher and students. Despite the power of new technologies in stimulating students to learn and retain knowledge in a more effective way, there is still room to improve the technologies to give a better UX to the teacher.
A 3D Simulation of Bolted Joint and Fatigue Life Estimation Using Critical Distance Technique

Bolted joints are one of the most common joints in the industry and assemble the most of the machine elements and segments together. Majority of structures are affected by fluctuating forces, therefore there is the risk of fatigue failure that causes countless damages, thus fatigue life estimation of bolted joints have always been important. The value of high stress concentration at the threads root especially first engaged thread causes problems for fatigue life estimation, since by applying stresses lower than yield stress of the bolt material, plastic deformation occurs at zones of thread root that reach to ultimate stress but fracture does not happen and in some cases bolt-nut joints have infinite life, so that maximum stress at thread root is not fatigue life determinant. The modified critical distance technique and expressed stress at this distance were used for determination of fatigue life in joint. In this study, the bolted joint fatigue life prediction using critical distance technique was compared to experimental results. The three-dimensional finite element analysis for bolted joint was performed. Pre-tightening process and tensile axial force were simulated in ABAQUS software after applying two steps of force including rotation displacement to the center of the nut due to clamping joints (applied torque) and tensile force, the stress distribution resultant of different tensile forces by application of the critical distance technique and mechanical properties fatigue life were determined, and S-N curve prediction matched well with experimental data.