Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF FAT-RICH OIL CAKES ON CHEESE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION, AND ON CHEESE QUALITY

Summary. Feeding fat to dairy cattle has been described frequently as an appropriate means to improve the favour-able fatty acid (CLA) content of milk products, especially that of cheese. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fat-rich oil cakes used in Estonia on milk and cheese quality. The experiment was conducted with Estonian Holstein dairy cows according to 4×4 Latin square design. The cows were fed ad libitum grass silage, 8 kg concentrate consisting of barley and oat meal, soybean meal and cold pressed oil cakes as fat sources (0.5 kg crude fat per animal per day) – rapeseed (RC), linseed (LC), gold of pleasure ( Camelina sativa ) cake (GP) and soybean meal (SBM) as the non-fat control variant – and a mineral-vitamin supplement. The inclusion of fat-rich cakes in the diet affected the over-all fatty acid composition of cheese. Diets rich in unsaturated fats increased long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in milk and cheese fat, CLA included. Processing the milk into cheese did not alter the overall fatty acid profile. The dietary source of fat had a significant effect (P SBM>RC>GP. The taste panelists found no flavour and no taste differences in cheese among treatments (except between LC and GP), although the presence of specific flavour (above perceptible level) was much higher in GP than in other treatments. The experimental results suggest that fat supplemen-tation affects cheese fatty acid composition, milk coagulation parameters and cheese quality properties, depending on the degree of saturation the fat supplement.
Molecular and serological diagnosis of hepatitis e virus in swine and chicken

O virus da hepatite E (HEV) tem sido identificado em varias especies animais. Baseado no hospedeiro, os variantes geneticos podem ser divididos em HEV mamifero (mHEV), HEV aviario (aHEV) e HEV piscino. O objetivo do primeiro estudo foi comparar a performance de dois testes de PCR de transcriptase reversa (RT-PCR) para deteccao dos quatro genotipos de mHEV em um unico teste (testes A e B) e dois testes RT-PCR duplex para deteccao e diferenciacao do mHEV-3 e -4 (testes C e D). RNA extraido de 28 amostras de fezes de suinos experimentalmente inoculados com HEV-3 e 186 amostras de suinos a campo com exposicao desconhecida ao HEV foram testados. Para os testes A, B, C e D, o RNA do HEV foi detectado respectivamente em 96,4%, 39,2%, 14,2% e 0% das amostras experimentais e em 67,2%, 36,4%, 1,1%, and 0,5% das amostras de campo. Os testes tiveram baixa concordância. Testes A e B tiveram maior taxa de deteccao do que os testes C e D (p < 0.05). No segundo estudo, 40 amostras fecais foram coletadas de suinos de 7, 10, 13 ou 17 semanas em 10 granjas. Vinte e nove (72,5%) amostras foram positivas para o RNA do HEV atraves de RT-PCR. As seis sequencias obtidas eram do genotipo 3. No terceiro estudo, 160 amostras de soro de galinhas entre 6 a 118 semanas foram coletadas em 3 granjas e testadas para anticorpos anti-aHEV atraves de um teste the micro-esferas fluorescentes. Anti-aHEV IgY form detectados em todas as granjas estudadas e em 17% das galinhas. Quarenta amostras de fezes de 8 granjas foram testadas para o RNA do aHEV e 3 (8%) amostras foram positivas para o gene da helicase. Este estudo mostra evidencia da circulacao do aHEV em galinhas no Brasil.
Effects of the transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect on electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters six months after the closure

Although percutaneous transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure (TCC) has been performed on adults for a long time there is limited data about the effects of the procedure in the literature and the majority of studies have been performed on children. The study purposed to evaluate the impact of TCC on cardiac remodeling, electrical changes and exercise capacity in adults. Transthoracic echocardiography and electrocardiography were performed one day before and six months after TCC in 27 consecutive patients who underwent successful TCC. Twenty-seven age and sex matched healthy subjects were used as control group. Right ventricular (RV) diameter (had decreased from 44±6.3 to 34±3.9; p<0.001), right atrial (RA) diameter (had decreased from 38±5.6 to 34±4.7; p<0.001), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) (had decreased from 38±5.1 to 32±4.3; p<0.001) and P dispersion (Pd) times (had decreased from 59±9.9 to 45.2±16.3; p<0.001) significantly decreased in patients with ASD after TCC. However, these parameters obtained after TCC were still higher compared with parameters of healthy controls. There were not significant differences regarding QT dispersion (QTd) times between ASD patients before and after TCC and healthy controls. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class of patients with ASD was significantly improved after TCC. The findings of the present study indicate that although TCC leads to significant improvements regarding right heart dimensions and sPAP and Pd values of ASD patients; residual deterioration still persists up to 6 months after the procedure.
Quantitative analysis of textual genres: comparison of English and Lithuanian

We report an ongoing study on quantitative characteristics of texts written in different genres. At this stage, we compared Lithuanian and English texts in terms of genres. We used 16 indices which describe frequency structure of text as well as indicate several other characteristics of written texts. Initial study showed significant differences of indices calculated for genre pairs of the same language. Hierarchical clustering revealed possible applications in using them as features for text categorization/classification by genre, though better results were achieved for Lithuanian texts.
Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000

Aim To map and characterize anthropogenic transformation of the terrestrial biosphere before and during the Industrial Revolution, from 1700 to 2000. Location Global. Methods Anthropogenic biomes (anthromes) were mapped for 1700, 1800, 1900 and 2000 using a rule-based anthrome classification model applied to gridded global data for human population density and land use. Anthropogenic transformation of terrestrial biomes was then characterized by map comparisons at century intervals. Results In 1700, nearly half of the terrestrial biosphere was wild, without human settlements or substantial land use. Most of the remainder was in a seminatural state (45%) having only minor use for agriculture and settlements. By 2000, the opposite was true, with the majority of the biosphere in agricultural and settled anthromes, less than 20% seminatural and only a quarter left wild. Anthropogenic transformation of the biosphere during the Industrial Revolution resulted about equally from land-use expansion into wildlands and intensification of land use within seminatural anthromes. Transformation pathways differed strongly between biomes and regions, with some remaining mostly wild but with the majority almost completely transformed into rangelands, croplands and villages. In the process of transforming almost 39% of earth's total ice-free surface into agricultural land and settlements, an additional 37% of global land without such use has become embedded within agricultural and settled anthromes. Main conclusions Between 1700 and 2000, the terrestrial biosphere made the critical transition from mostly wild to mostly anthropogenic, passing the 50% mark early in the 20th century. At present, and ever more in the future, the form and process of terrestrial ecosystems in most biomes will be predominantly anthropogenic, the product of land use and other direct human interactions with ecosystems. Ecological research and conservation efforts in all but a few biomes would benefit from a primary focus on the novel remnant, recovering and managed ecosystems embedded within used lands.
Examining patterns of genetic variation in Canadian marine molluscs through DNA barcodes

Examining patterns of genetic variation in Canadian marine molluscs through DNA barcodes Kara Layton Advisor: University of Guelph, 2013 Professor P.D. N Hebert In this thesis I investigate patterns of sequence variation at the COI gene in Canadian marine molluscs. The research presented begins the construction of a DNA barcode reference library for this phylum, presenting records for nearly 25% of the Canadian fauna. This work confirms that the COI gene region is an effective tool for delineating species of marine molluscs and for revealing overlooked species. This study also discovered a link between GC content and sequence divergence between congeneric species. I also provide a detailed analysis of population structure in two bivalves with similar larval development and dispersal potential, exploring how Canada’s extensive glacial history has shaped genetic structure. Both bivalve species show evidence for cryptic taxa and particularly high genetic diversity in populations from the northeast Pacific. These results have implications for the utility of DNA barcoding both for documenting biodiversity and broadening our understanding of biogeographic patterns in Holarctic species.
Corporate Governance Quality, Audit Fees and Non-Audit Services Fees

This paper extends prior research on the relationship between governance quality and auditor remuneration. We examine the influence of audit committee effectiveness (ACE), a proxy for governance quality, on audit fees (AF) and non-audit services fees (NASF) using a new composite measure comprising audit committee independence, expertise, diligence and size. We find that after controlling for board of director characteristics, there is a significant positive association between ACE and AF only for larger clients. Our results indicate that effective audit committees undertake more monitoring which results in wider audit scope and higher audit fees. Contrary to our expectations, we find the association between ACE and NASF to be positive and significant, especially for larger clients. This suggests that larger clients are more likely to purchase non-audit services (NAS) even in the presence of effective audit committees probably due to the complexity of their activities. Overall, our findings support regulatory initiatives aimed at improving corporate governance quality.
EFFECTS OF ARTEMIA NAUPLII ENRICHED WITH N-3 HIGHLY UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ON ENERGY BUDGET OF LARVAE RED SEA BREAM Pagrus major Pengaruh Naupli Artemia yang Diperkaya dengan N-3 HUFA terhadap "Budget" Energi Larva Ikan Red Sea Bream Pagrus major

SUMMARY Energy budget of red sea bream Pagrus major larvae fed n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA)-enriched (EA) and non-enriched (NEA) Artemia nauplii was constructed as: EI = F + M + U + G, where EI is energy intake, F energy loss as feces, M energy loss for metabolism, U energy loss as non-fecal matter based on ammonia excretion, and G energy for growth. Larvae (29 days post hatching, 41,1 mg mean wet weight) were reared in six 80 1 circular tanks and fed EA and NEA for 12 days, with three replicates for each type of food. Overall, growth of larvae was significantly higher in EA group than NEA group. Oxygen consumption, as heat increment, was also significantly higher in EA-fed larvae than NEA-fed larvae. The energy budget of a 100-mg larva was partitioned into: 100% of EI = 38,4% for G + 34,5% for M + 2.9% for U + 24,2% for F, for EA group, whereas 100% of EI = 29,1% for G + 30,1% for M + 3,3% for U + 37.4% for F, for NEA group. Assimilation, gross conversion, and net conversion efficiencies were higher in EA-fed larvae than NEA-fed larvae, which were attributed to the higher energies channeled to metabolism and growth in the former. This study concluded that HUFA enrichment of Artemia nauplii increased energy absorption but reduced energy excretion in red sea bream larvae.
Absolute photoionization cross-section measurements of the Kr I isoelectronic sequence

Photoionization spectra have been recorded in the $4s$, $4p$, and $3d$ resonance regions for the Kr I isoelectronic sequence using both the dual laser produced plasma (DLP) technique (at DCU) to produce photoabsorption spectra, and the merged ion beam and synchrotron radiation technique (at ASTRID) to measure absolute photoionization cross sections. Profile parameters are compared for the $4s\text{\ensuremath{-}}np$ resonances of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{2+}$. Many $4p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}ns$, $md$ transitions are identified with the aid of Hartree-Fock calculations, and consistent quantum defects are observed for the various $ns$ and $md$ Rydberg series. Absolute single and double photoionization cross sections recorded in the $3d$ region for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{2+}$ ions show preferential decay via double photoionization. This is only the second report to our knowledge where both the DLP technique and the merged-beam technique have been used simultaneously to record photoionization spectra, and the advantages of both techniques (i.e., better resolution in the case of DLP and values for absolute photoionization cross sections in the case of the merged-beam technique) are highlighted.
Embodied Technical Change and the Fluctuations of Wages and Unemployment

The paper shows that a matching model where technological change is partially embodied in the job match is successful in explaining the variability of unemployment and vacancies. If we incorporate long-term wage contracts into the model, it also explains a number of stylized facts on the dynamics of real wages, which have been found in the empirical labor literature.
Predicted economic and greenhouse gas benefits from using improved maternal genetics in UK beef cattle

A gene flow model was used to predict the economic and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) effects of using improved maternal trait genetics in a UK beef herd expressed over 20 years. Maternal traits in a dual-purpose index were partitioned out into a Maternal sub-index (M) containing mature weight, calving interval, age at first calving, longevity, gestation length and calving ease. Economic and GHG effects of changes in each trait in response to change in M were calculated. The expressions of these traits in calves, heifers and cows over 20 years were modelled for the current M sub-index genetic trend, and for scenarios that modelled selecting high maternal value sires to breed herd replacements over short (5 years) and long (20 years) terms. Selecting high maternal value sires was predicted to reverse current trends of declining overall maternal economic value and rising GHG emissions, mainly through improvements in mature weight and calving interval. For example, long-term selection of AI proven sires with M genetic value £30 above sire mean was predicted to generate a cumulative economic increase of £47/cow calving with a GHG reduction of 95 kgCO2e/cow after 5 years, and an increase of £344 /cow calving with a reduction of 2009 kgCO2e/cow calving after 20 years. These results indicate that genetic improvement of beef maternal traits through selection of high maternal-value sires can have substantial economic benefits while reducing GHG emissions.
Objectively Determined Physical Activity Levels in German Primary School Children after a One Year School-based Health Promoting Intervention

Beneficial effects of regular physical activity (PA) during childhood have widely been recognised. In spite of this many are not sufficiently physically active; therefore, health promotion has to start early. The programme “Join the Healthy Boat” promotes– amongst other aspects – an increase of daily PA in primary school children. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme, this study investigated children’s PA behaviours objectively. During one school year, teachers delivered lessons and action alternatives in order to promote daily PA. A subsample of 318 children participated in the clusterrandomised study; at follow-up, 167 of them (8.0 ± 0.6 years, male: 46.1%) were assessed again. Children’s height and weight were measured on site; PA was assessed on six consecutive days using multi-sensor accelerometry (Actiheart©, CamNtech). PA was defined as the amount of energy expended. All other parameters were assessed using a parental questionnaire. At follow-up, significant effects were found for moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and gender as well as MVPA and weight status, with boys being more active than girls and overweight/obese children being more active than normal weight children (T-5.646 p<0.01; T-3.998 p<0.01, respectively). Further, more overweight/obese children as well as children in the intervention group reached the recommended activity guidelines of 60 minutes daily in MVPA; yet no statistical significance was reached. However, comparing control and intervention group, no significant intervention effects were found after one year. A multi-dimensional intervention for one year does not seem to achieve significant increases in children’s objectively assessed PA. Maybe a longer lasting, more intense intervention with extra lessons would show more positive effects. Also, assessing PA directly after seven weeks of summer holidays (with no intervention) might have led to lower PA levels than straight after the intervention at the end of the previous school year.
Investigating the Interaction Between Personalities and the Benefit of Gamification

Many studies have confirmed the benefit of gamification on learners’ motivation. However, gamification may also demotivate some learners, or learners may focus on the gamification elements instead of the learning content. Some researchers have recommended building learner models that can be used to adapt gamification elements based on learners’ personalities. Building such a model requires a strong understanding of the relationship between gamification and personality. Existing empirical work has focused on measuring knowledge gain and learner preference. These findings may not be reliable because the analyses are based on learners who complete the study and because they rely on self-report from learners. This preliminary study explores a different approach by allowing learners to drop out at any time and then uses the number of students left as a proxy for motivation and engagement. Survival analysis is used to analyse the data. The results confirm the benefits of gamification and provide some pointers to how this varies with personality.
CLASSIFICATIONS of EXAM QUESTIONS USING LINGUISTICALLY-MOTIVATED FEATURES : A CASE STUDY BASED on BLOOM ’ S TAXONOMY

In quality assurance, Bloom’s taxonomy can be used to automatically classify educational goals, objectives, learning outcomes and questions. Some educational organizations such as accreditation bodies are in need to check the correctness of the classification of exam questions according to Bloom’s Cognitive Levels and they might be faced with an enormous number of questions which would be difficult to check manually. Therefore, the usage of automatic classification of questions based on Bloom’s taxonomy is highly needed. This paper aims to test and compare different machine learning methods (Naïve bayes, support vector machine, logistic regression, and decision trees) to automatically classify exam questions based on the cognitive levels of Bloom’s taxonomy. The features used in the classification were based on linguistically-motivated features which are the bag of words, part of speech (POS), and n-grams. A database contains 600 exam questions for English language course was used. The results of the study show that the machine learning methods together with linguistically-motivated features perform satisfactorily in the automatic classification based on cognitive levels of Bloom’s taxonomy.
Virtual Body Measurement System for Tailor Made Outfits

We propose a system which will be able to measure the body parameters of the user to choose appropriate sized clothes or outfits. The necessity of this system is to reduce personal presence in today’s busy world for measurements and selection of outfits; this will also help to create tailor made outfits as per the individual body parameters. The alteration of their respective outfits are based upon various bodily parameters like height, waist, bust, body built, neck, shoulder etc. The system is based on modules of two processes; first one is to recognize the body parameters by using image capturing device from fixed distance. And second is to process image to get measurement or to calculate the body measurement parameters like tailor measurements. The proposed method will be assessed in body parameter recognitions problems under different challenges like Geographic, Demographic etc. Keywords— Feature Measurement, Recognition, Selection.
A SAT-based technique to analyse networks of finite automata

We present a SAT-based technique to analyse properties of a n etwork of finite automata. In particular, we show how to encode any finite transition sys tem via Boolean formulae, and we present a reachability algorithm, which can be easily extended to work with more complicated sort of automata (for example, timed automata) . We exemplify the use of the technique by means of a classic problem “mutual exclusion" .
The role of wall deposition and re-entrainment in swirl spray dryers

A new experimental method is outlined to study fouling in spray dryers and similar devices. In essence, it makes the deposits traceable so that one can quantify the material that comes off the walls, how long it remains there and how the deposits agglomerate with particles in the air. This paper investigates a countercurrent swirl spray dryer of detergent and provides sound evidence that fouling is a dynamic process: clusters form and break at the walls renewing an active layer of deposits. Remarkably, the wall generates >20% of the product and most of the large granules, and increases drastically the residence time of the powder. The assumptions of current numerical models are clearly invalid (i.e. particles rebound at the wall or deposit indefinitely). Several re-entrainment mechanisms and their times scales are identified in this work, and accordingly, a new general framework to describe fouling in spray dryers is proposed. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1804–1821, 2015