Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Packet Injection Exploiting Attack and Mitigation in Software-Defined Networks

Software-defined networking (SDN) decouples the control plane and data plane through OpenFlow technology and allows flexible network control. It has been widely applied in different areas and has become a focus of attention in the future network. With SDN’s development, its security problem has become a necessary point of research to be solved urgently. In this paper, we propose a novel attack, namely, the packet injection exploiting attack. By maliciously injecting false hosts into SDN network topology, attackers can further use them to launch a denial of service (DoS) attack. The consequences affect the throughput and processing capabilities of the controller, severely consume data plane resources, and ultimately affect the entire network. To prevent the packet-injection exploiting attack, we designed PIEDefender, an efficient, protocol-independent component built on SDN controllers to detect and mitigate attacks effectively. We implement the PIEDefender prototype on the Floodlight controller and assess the effectiveness in the software environment. Experimental results show that PIEDefender achieves a 97.8% injection detection precision and a 97.96% DoS detection precision, incurring an average CPU consumption of 10%. The evaluation demonstrates that the PIEDefender can effectively mitigate the attack against SDN with limited overhead.
About research of building subsidence using sedimentary marks

The main task of geodetic observations within the monitoring of buildings is to identify changes in the spatial position of the load-bearing structures of buildings. Such monitoring makes it possible to determine the condition of the building and prevent accidents, destruction and ensure human life. The method of monitoring vertical displacements of building constructions is offered and tested in the work. 13 cycles of geodetic observations of the sedimentary marks were carried out in the building of the shopping complex on two floors, and the conditional heights of the sedimentary marks were determined. The difference of certain heights of the same marks for a certain period of time allows us to determine the number of vertical displacements. Excess between marks was determined by the method of II class geometric leveling. Measurements was performed at two horizons of the level, in the forward and reverse directions. The results of measurements were balanced by the nodal point method, and the leveling line was closed on each floor. As a result, we obtained the heights of sedimentary marks and the root mean square errors of their determination. The obtained results suggest that such observation technique can be recommended to determine the vertical displacements at similar objects.
Oral Health and Prevention in Older Adults

The most prevalent oral diseases such as tooth decay and chronic periodontitis, are the main responsible for tooth loss, this causes a disability in the chewing function, which alters the selection of food, the pleasure of eating, and the state of nutrition. Even the use of total prostheses to replace this loss is not always satisfactory. In the emotional sphere, poor oral health causes discomfort and a decrease in self-esteem. Unfortunately, this continues to occur in older people despite the great scientific and technological advances in dentistry today. Health promotion, which includes health education and prevention, must be present in the course of people’s lives. In the prevention of oral diseases, consider not only biological factors as the only causes, but also alleviate and modify the social determinants of the disease. All those involved in the care of the older adults must promote prevention as the most important tool in favor of oral health, and make older people enjoy life with quality. Oral health is an invaluable asset and reward at this stage of life.
The Development of 3D Measurement Technology Based on Structured Light by Combining Gray Code with Phase-shift

To acquire projecting angle of projecting light accurately,method for encoding and decoding by combining Gray code with phase-shift is presented in this paper,that can divide projecting angle space continuous- ly.a kind of phase-shift projecting pattern for measurement system and phase equations was presented,then Com- bining phase with Gray code corresponded by sampling points,absolute phase was acquired,and the transfoming e- quations from absolute phase to projecting angle are presented,so projecting angle of sampling points could be de- termined.Period dislocation between Gray code and phase-shift in course of decoding was analyzed and solved,Fi- nally,simulation experimental results are presented.
Lactic Acid Bacteria from Gamecock and Goat Originating from Phitsanulok, Thailand: Isolation, Identification, Technological Properties and Probiotic Potential

From independent swab samples of the cloaca of indigenous gamecocks (CIG), anus of healthy baby goats (AHG), and vagina of goats (VG) originating from Phitsanulok, Thailand, a total of 263 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were collected. Only three isolates, designated C707, G502, and V202, isolated from CIG, AHG, and VG, respectively, exhibited an excellent inhibitory zone diameter against foodborne pathogenic bacteria when evaluated by agar spot test. Isolates C707 and G502 were identified as Enterococcus faecium, whereas V202 was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. When foodborne pathogenic bacteria were co-cultured with chosen LAB in mixed BHI-MRS broth at 39°C, their growth was suppressed. These LAB were found to be capable of surviving in simulated stomach conditions. Only the isolate G502 was able to survive in the conditions of simulated intestinal juice. This research suggests that selected LAB could be used as a food/feed supplement to reduce foodborne pathogenic bacteria and improve the safety of animal-based food or feed.
Lipid species dependent vesicles clustering caused by alpha-synuclein as revealed by single-vesicle imaging with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy

Single-molecule methods have been applied to study the mechanisms of many bio-physical systems that occur on the nanometer scale. To probe the dynamics of the such systems including vesicle docking, tethering, fusion, trafficking, protein-membrane interactions, etc., and to obtain reproducible experimental data; proper methodology and framework are crucial. Here, we address this need by developing a protocol for immobilization of vesicles composed of synthetic lipids and measurement using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Furthermore, we demonstrate applications including vesicle clustering mediated by proteins such as alphaSynuclein (αSyn) and the influence of external ions by using TIRF microscopy. Moreover, we use this method to quantify the dependence of lipid composition and charge on vesicle clustering mediated by αSyn which is based on the methods previously reported.
Summary of the Seismic Safe Rural Houses Project

Taken a new rural village development and improving seismic resistance ability of rural houses as underlying standpoint,the necessity,feasibility and objectives of "the seismic safe rural houses project(SSRHP)" are discussed in this paper.The main contents of this project include survey and seismic resistance assessment of rural houses,study and application of practical anti-seismic technology,development of seismic safety demonstration village/region,seismic safety education and construction techniques training,establishment of seismic safety technologic service network,investment mechanism,promotion policies and international cooperation for construction of seismic safety rural houses.
Targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 infection through CAR‐T‐like bispecific T cell engagers incorporating ACE2

Despite advances in antibody treatments and vaccines, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection remains a major health problem resulting in excessive morbidity and mortality and the emergence of new variants has reduced the effectiveness of current vaccines. Here, as a proof-of-concept we engineered primary CD8 T cells to express SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-specific CARs, using extracellular region of ACE2, and demonstrated their highly specific and potent cytotoxicity towards Spike-expressing target cells. To improve on this concept as a potential therapeutic, we developed a bispecific T cell engager combining ACE2 with an anti-CD3 scFv (ACE2-Bite) to target infected cells and the virus. Similar to CAR-T cell approach, ACE2-Bite endowed cytotoxic cells to selectively kill Spike-expressing targets. Furthermore, ACE2-Bite neutralized the pseudoviruses of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and variants including Delta and Omicron, as a decoy protein. Remarkably, ACE2-Bite molecule showed a higher binding and neutralization affinity to Delta and Omicron variants compared to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type Spike proteins, suggesting the potential of this approach as a variant-proof, therapeutic strategy for future SARS-CoV-2 variants, employing both humoral and cellular arms of the adaptive immune response.
A Real-Time Image Transmission Scheme for Pilotless Aircraft

In the present scheme, an integer wavelet transform algorithm with modified set partitioning in hierarchical trees(SPIHT) coder was introduced to compress images. RS, symbol interleaves and trellis coded modulation(TCM) with multi level quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) were used to get an excellent forward error correcting ability. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) scheme was adopted to improve spectrum efficiency and to decrease the average power. Bit error probability of the scheme was analyzed. The scheme was shown to possess higher compression rate, stronger progressive transmission ability, better numeration efficiency and more excellent error resilience. Together with a performance of multi path resilience and echo resilience, the above advantages make the proposed scheme compliant with pilotless aircraft conditions and feasible in practice.
The value of high-resolution MRI in the diagnosis, efficacy of treatment, and prognosis of central nervous system vasculitis.

AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) characteristics of central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis and to explore the value of HR-MRI in the treatment effect and prognosis evaluation of CNS vasculitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS During the follow-up of 24 patients diagnosed as CNS vasculitis by the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 3.0T HR-MRI was used for imaging examination and HR-MRI characteristics were analysed. RESULTS The affected vessel wall of 24 patients showed diffuse uniform centripetal thickening. The HR-MRI examination showed varying degrees of lumen stenosis, including 5 cases (20.8%) involving a single arterial segment, and 19 cases (79.2%) involving multiple arterial segments. And most cases (92.9%) showed grade 2 enhancement of the involved vessel wall. Except for one case involving the basilar artery at the same time, the remaining 23 cases involved only the anterior circulation vessels. We analysed and compared the affected vessels between the relapsed group and the non-relapsed group, and found that the average number of involved vascular segments was 6.5 ±3.4 (3-11) in the relapsed group and 3.5 ±2.1 (1-8) in the non-relapsed group, with a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS The CNS vasculitis was more likely to involve the anterior circulation vessels. The number of affected vascular segments in the relapsed group of CNS vasculitis was higher than in the non-relapsed group, suggesting that the more vascular segments involved, the more prone to recurrence.
Confronting the Issue of Invasive Native Tree Species Due to Land Use Change in the Eastern United States

The increased abundance of historically rare native tree species is symptomatic of land-use change, which causes ecosystem regime shifts. I tested for an association between mean agricultural area, a proxy for land-use change, and native tree species. I first modeled agricultural area during the years 1850 to 1997 and the historical and current percent composition of tree genera, along with the dissimilarity and difference between the historical and current composition, for the northern part of the eastern U.S. I then modeled agricultural area and current genera and species for the eastern U.S. and regionally. For the northeast, agricultural area was most associated (R2 of 78%) with the current percentage of elms and a diverse, uncommon “other” genera. For the eastern U.S., Ulmus, Juglans, Prunus, boxelder (Acer negundo), black cherry (Prunus serotina), and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) best predicted agricultural area (R2 of 66%). Regionally, two elm and ash species, black walnut (Juglans nigra), mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa), red maple (Acer rubrum), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) increased with agricultural area. Increases in historically rare and diverse species associated with agricultural area represent an overall pattern of invasive native tree species that have replaced historical ecosystems after land-use change disrupted historical vegetation and disturbance regimes.
HPC WORKLOAD BALANCING ALGORITHM FOR CO- SCHEDULING ENVIRONMENTS

The goal of this research work is to reduce wait time of HPC (high performance computing) applications in schedulers queue by applying a co-scheduling strategy. This strategy allows the execution of more than one task with different non-overlapping requirements for computational resources simultaneously. Co-scheduling strategy reduces task queue wait time and improves utilization of cluster resources when compared to the scheduling strategies that do not allow for parallel task execution on the same machine. We have proposed a method for measuring application processing speed in its run-time, which can be used as a feedback for scheduling strategies. In this work, we have formalized the co-scheduling problem and proposed strategies for solving it. For some strategies we have shown analytically the upper bounds values of their competitive ratios. Besides that for the proposed scheduling strategies we ran numerical experiments using imitation models to show how they compare to the optimal strategy.
Performance and responsiveness to change of PROMIS UE in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty

The Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity Computer Adaptive Test (PROMIS UE CAT) is a newer patient‐reported outcome measure for upper extremity physical function. To date, no longitudinal study exists assessing PROMIS UE CAT responsiveness in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study is to report PROMIS UE CAT responsiveness to change and correlation to legacy instruments in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Ninety‐six patients (97 shoulders) undergoing TSA completed the PROMIS UE, Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and after 6 months. Spearman's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated between PROMIS UE and other scores at each time‐point. Responsiveness to change was assessed using the effect size (Cohen's d) and standardized response mean compared with the preoperative time‐point. Floor and ceiling effects were also assessed. PROMIS UE CAT demonstrated positive responsiveness at all time‐points after TSA. It demonstrated excellent correlation (range: 0.68–0.84) with ASES, SST, and OSS at all postoperative time‐points, but the correlation was weaker (r < 0.6, except OSS) preoperatively. Only OSS and SST showed ceiling effects at the 6–12‐month time‐point (16.8% and 18.2%, respectively). PROMIS UE CAT responsiveness to change and strength of correlation with legacy instruments improves with time elapsed after TSA. Further quantification of meaningful responsiveness to change will require estimation of the minimal clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefit for PROMIS UE CAT.
IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC BEHAVIOUR ON DEPOSIT MONEY BANK LIQUIDITY IN NIGERIA

According to Keynes (1936), money is the most liquid asset. Liquidity is an attribute to an asset. The more quickly an asset is converted into money the more liquid it is said to be. Purpose: this study was carried out to determine the long-run and short-run impact of macroeconomic behaviour as measured by money supply, exchange rate, real interest rate, and credit to the private sector on deposit money bank liquidity in Nigeria as measured by liquidity ratio; using annual time-series data ranging from 1990 to 2020. Methodology/Technique: the purpose of this study was achieved by the application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Technique (ARDL) together with Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillip-Peron Tests. Findings: it was revealed that the liquidity ratio converged with 3.17% to long-run equilibrium after a shock to explanatory variables. It further displayed that the current level of money supply and real interest rate had a negative but significant impact on liquidity ratio, whereas, one-year lag and two-year lag of money supply, real interest rate, and exchange rat positively impacted liquidity ratio in both long-run and short-run. Conversely, it was revealed that one-year lag, two-year lag, and three-year lag of credit to the private sector had a negative and insignificant impact on liquidity ratio in the long-run, while it negatively and significantly impacted liquidity ratio in the short-run. Conclusion/Policy Recommendations: As a result of the findings, the study recommended that government policies that will enforce sustainable and efficient liquidity ratio be made feasible in the banking sector. JEL: E10; E20; E40 Article visualizations:
Rainfall, runoff, and suspended sediment dynamics at the flood event scale in a Loess Plateau watershed, China

River runoff and suspended sediment play a critical role in the chemical, physical, biological processes of Earth's ecosystems. We assessed the temporal changes in runoff and sediment load at both the annual and event scales in the Gushanchuan watershed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. A total of 330 events, from 1955 to 2018, were selected to evaluate the relationships between rainfall, runoff, and suspended sediment load at the Gaoshiya gauging station. Significant reductions were examined in the maximum runoff peaks, suspended sediment concentration, total runoff, suspended sediment yield, and ratio of event runoff to annual total, whereas the ratio of event sediment yield to annual total remained relatively stable. Hysteresis analysis suggested that the complex loops, anti‐clockwise, and figure‐eight loops accounted for 93.7% of the total events in the watershed. High positive correlations were observed between the flood‐event sediment yield, runoff volume, maximum runoff peaks, and total rainfall amount. The flow‐sediment relationship can be well fitted by the proportional model, and was weaker in 1997–2018 than those in the periods of 1955–1979 and 1980–1996. Runoff during the rising limb of the event significantly contributed to the total runoff and sediment yield. Land use changes and various soil conservation practices were responsible for the decrease in the flood frequency and magnitude. The results of this study provide useful insights into the relationships between rainfall, runoff, and suspended sediment dynamics, and their responses to soil conservation practices.
Intelligent Diagnosis for Hard Landing of Aircraft Based on SVM

Due to lots of deficiencies existing in the hard landing diagnosis method of domestic airlines,an intelligent diagnosis model was established based on support vector machine for the first time. Related factors influencing hard landing were analyzed,and principles for hard landing was revealed based on mechanics. Then,the model was trained and verified up to 92.86% in accuracy with the data sample recorded by the quick access recorders from the B737 aircraft. The results show that the model could diagnose the hard landing effectively and is of important value in application. This research lays a good foundation for the subsequent research.
Parameter Establishment of an Ant System Based on Uniform Design

The enactment of the parameters of an ant system is determined by experience and experiment.This leads to heavy work load and makes the optimal combination of the parameters difficult to obtain.Uniform design method is used to convert the problem of parameter establishment into the experimental design of multi-factor and multi-level and reduces the work load of experiment greatly of simulation.The method applied to the traveling salesman problem shows good performance feasibility and effectiveness.
Self-written waveguides as low-loss interconnections and sensing elements

Self-written waveguides (SWWs) are established to connect different optical elements with each other. They enable a rigid and easy-to-manufacture low-loss optical connection, which can be employed in many optical configurations. To create an optical interconnect, a UV-curable monomer is applied in between two optical elements. If near-UV light is propagated through one end, the monomer starts to polymerize locally and self-traps the light beam due to the increasing refractive index. Subsequently, the surrounding resin can be cured using UV-flood exposure creating a rigid connection between the two components. In recent works, we demonstrated that this technique can be used to connect laser diodes with a polymer waveguide directly without using UV light exposure and that it is also possible to overcome alignment offsets with respect to the optical axis. Here, we investigated how these structures can additionally be used as integrated sensing elements. A detailed analysis of the thermal behavior of the SWWs was performed, which yields an increase of the optical transmission with increasing temperature. We also investigated the implementation of thin-film filters for splitting an SWW in multiple beams, which enables us to create a reference and a sensing arm for measurement applications or to use the filter for wavelength demultiplexing. We performed a detailed investigation of the thermal behaviour and implemented thin-film filters for more complex functional structures.