Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seeing is believing : Contrastive Hebbian Clustering for unsupervised one-shot gameplay learning in a recurrent neural network

In this paper we address two desirable abilities that are fundamental to human cognition but remain challenging for machine learning systems: the ability to learn in an unsupervised fashion and recall experiences that have only been seen once. We present a simple training algorithm for a recurrent neural network that simultaneously deals with both issues. It avoids backpropagation entirely and instead uses a local contrastive Hebbian learning rule for associative memory. The network incorporates data of any type into its clustered corpus, simultaneously determining which previously seen experiences are most relevant and how to integrate the incoming data. It is a general-purpose environment learner that has the potential to be applied to a range of problems from reinforcement learning to vision and language models. In the RL domain it marks a major divergence from the literature as reward signals are not part of the learning rule and we do not model Q-values. We test our agent on a toy Gridworld game where it is only able to partially observe a RGB screen at inference time, and show it learns in one shot a reactive policy for which actions to take and avoid, which experiences followed before or after, and generalises to unseen data.
An enhanced bitstring encoding for exact maximum clique search in sparse graphs

This paper describes BBMCW, a new efficient exact maximum clique algorithm tailored for large sparse graphs which can be bit-encoded directly into memory without a heavy performance penalty. These graphs occur in real-life problems when some form of locality may be exploited to reduce their scale. One such example is correspondence graphs derived from data association problems. The new algorithm is based on the bit-parallel kernel used by the BBMC family of published exact algorithms. BBMCW employs a new bitstring encoding that we denote ‘watched’, because it is reminiscent of the ‘watched literal’ technique used in satisfiability and other constraint problems. The new encoding reduces the number of spurious operations computed by the BBMC bit-parallel kernel in large sparse graphs. Moreover, BBMCW also improves on bound computation proposed in the literature for bit-parallel solvers. Experimental results show that the new algorithm performs better than prior algorithms over data sets of both real and synthetic sparse graphs. In the real data sets, the improvement in performance averages more than two orders of magnitude with respect to the state-of-the-art exact solver IncMaxCLQ.
Strategy for virtual factory information system design

Rapid changes of today's global business environment demands for designing an advanced information management system as essential to share valuable knowledge and expertise among collaborative factories. With such perspective, a strategy for process-based Virtual Factory Information System (VFIS) design is proposed in this research. This strategy provides not only a method but also a concrete tool for SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) to realized the VFs integration. The VFIS design optimizes VFs manufacturing processes and ensures faster response to changing customers' demands. It will also support tight integration with external systems and contributes to visualize the virtual factory management systems. In this paper, new Virtual Factory Lifecycle and its Architectural Framework are also illustrated.
Modeling the Exposure‐Response Relationship of Etanercept in the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis

Modeling exposure‐response relationships adds significant value to comprehending and interpreting both efficacy and safety data. An exposure‐response model was developed using generalized nonlinear mixed‐effects methodologies to correlate etanercept exposure with a 75% or greater reduction from baseline in the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI75). Three randomized trials of psoriasis patients were pooled for analysis. Three empirical exposure measures—cumulative dose, predicted cumulative area under the curve, and predicted trough concentration—were evaluated for their predictive capabilities. The predicted cumulative area under the curve model demonstrated the best ability via simulation to reproduce the data and was used to assess the following covariates: age, baseline psoriasis area and severity index, duration of psoriasis disease, prior systemic or phototherapy, race, sex, and weight. The final model was composed by scrutinizing the confidence intervals of a nonparametric bootstrap and included race and sex effects on baseline logit, baseline psoriasis area and severity index and prior systemic or phototherapy effects on maximum drug effect, a weight effect on apparent potency, and an age effect on the rate of drug effect. The model identified covariates predictive of data trends and adequately characterized by simulation the PASI75 over the entire clinical trial design space. In combination with a statistical subgroup analysis, the exposure‐response model indicated that dose adjustment was not necessary for etanercept in any patient subpopulation with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Gene-modified tumor vaccine with therapeutic potential shifts tumor-specific T cell response from a type 2 to a type 1 cytokine profile.

Vaccination with a poorly immunogenic/nonimmunogenic tumor fails to protect the host from a subsequent challenge with the same tumor. The mechanisms underlying the failure of these tumors to sensitize therapeutic T cells are not clearly understood, but the inability of host T cells to recognize tumor has been implicated. In this study, vaccination with the poorly immunogenic B16BL6-D5 (D5 H-2b) tumor fails to generate therapeutic T cells from the tumor vaccine-draining lymph nodes (TVDLN) in our adoptive immunotherapy model. However, if vaccination is performed with an allogeneic MHC class I gene (H-2 Kd)-modified tumor, the T cells obtained from the TVDLN are therapeutic after activation with anti-CD3 and IL-2. Lymph nodes (LN) draining both D5 and D5-Kd tumor vaccines contained increased numbers of cells with reduced expression of L-selectin (L-selectin(low/-)) compared with naive LN. This implies that vaccination led to sensitization of T cells even in LN draining the unmodified D5 tumor. L-selectin(low/-) cells from D5-Kd, but not D5, TVDLN were therapeutic in our animal model. No antitumor activity was seen in the high level L-selectin T cells. L-selectin(low/-) T cells exhibited tumor-specific cytokine release that was type 2 (IL-4, IL-10) following vaccination with native D5 and type 1 (IFN-gamma) following vaccination with gene-modified D5-Kd. Our data suggest that the failure of unmodified D5 to generate therapeutic T cells is not due to an inability to recognize tumor Ags, but, rather, to the induction of an immune response that is ineffective in mediating tumor regression, i.e., immune deviation.
Next generation solid-state broadband frequency-multiplied terahertz sources

Planar Schottky diode based frequency multiplied sources are the preferred devices to be used as local oscillators for high resolution heterodyne spectrometers in the terahertz regime in spite of its a priori low overall efficiency and output power. With the latest advances in device optimization and micro-fabrication processes record performances of 50 μW at 1.9 THz and 18 μW at 2.58 THz have been recently demonstrated at room temperature. `On-chip' power-combining and other novel topologies will be employed together with silicon micromachining techniques to boost up even more the performance for next-generation frequency-multiplied sources. This will enable heterodyne detection up to 4.7 THz and multi-pixel detection beyond 1 THz with all-solid state ultra-compact low-mass tunable and broadband terahertz spectrometers for future astrophysics and planetary science missions as well as on-Earth applications.
Recognising the Need for a Context Sensitive Decision Making Framework for Cosourcing - A Case Study in the Financial Service Sector

The incidence of cosourcing – or the provision of standardised services to a group of organisations – appears to be on the increase. Based upon economies of scale, and resource based and resource dependency theories this paper presents a decision making framework to help organisations understand why, and for what, cosourcing is appropriate. A case study of the Australian financial services industry was conducted to test that framework. The case study suggested that there are more potential benefits to cosourcing than first envisaged and that these will vary across organisations. Furthermore it was discovered that multiple forms, or flavours, of cosourcing have emerged for the same activity in the same industry influenced by, and accommodating, the differing contexts and capabilities of organisations. Finally the case study highlighted that while the existence of multiple cosourcing arrangements helps mediate dependency on suppliers, dependencies and tensions may develop between the organisations involved in cosourcing themselves – particularly if there is a divide in the roles played with, for example, some, and only some, serving as shareholders in the venture as well as customers of it. In conclusion it would appear that it is necessary to move beyond a focus on universal motivators and shapers of the cosourcing decision to consider in more detail the specifics of the organisations involved and the cosourcing arrangement planned . The range of benefits and variety of cosourcing arrangements available however also suggest that the potential for cosourcing may be greater than first thought if the tensions can be minimised.
ABC Inventory Classification Using AHP and Ranking Methods via DEA

This paper presents methods for ABC inventory classification via the AHP (Analytical Hierarchical Process) and ranking methods via DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) according to multi-criteria analysis. A numerical case study illustrates the proposed classification. Each ranking method may generate a different rank so it can be useful to use the AHP for setting weights for each ranking method and obtaining a final rank.
Consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with malignancies

The hyperinflammatory syndrome hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis can occur in the context of malignancies. Malignancy-triggered hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should be regarded seperately from hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis during chemotherapeutic treatment, which is frequently associated with an infectious trigger. The substantial overlap between the features of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with features of neoplasms makes its identification difficult when it occurs in malignant conditions. To facilitate recognition and diagnostic workup, and provide guidance regarding the treatment of malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, consensus recommendations were developed by the Study Group on Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Subtypes of the Histiocyte Society, an interdisciplinary group consisting of pediatric and adult hemato-oncologists and immunologists.
Combining Template Matching and Background Subtraction Techniques to Detect Objects in Infrared Video Sequences

In this paper, an algorithm is introduced combining a template matching technique with background subtraction to detect moving targets on a road captured on video using a static camera. The designed algorithm based on combining the two techniques is to reduce the difficulties in background estimation and improve the processing time, etc. The proposed algorithm was tested in two different video sequences. The first video sequence was filmed with stabilized camera, while the second video was acquired with unstable camera. The results in both cases indicated that the background subtraction algorithm is successful in detecting moving objects and the template matching technique is suitable for object replacement from background frame to acquire the standard background frame.
Environnement de conception multi-niveaux unifiée appliqué aux systèmes mixtes

Nowadays, System-on-Chips containing digital, analog and RF blocks are very common and are present in almost all electronic devices. This fact brings the designers of analog and digital domains to work together to apply a complete analog/digital Mixed-Signal design. A system-level model containing both the analog and digital parts is very important to determine the circuit specifications and to validate the desired system performance. Tools available to model such systems are currently lacking: Matlab, a widely used high-level simulator is not compatible with the integrated circuit design flow. VHDL-AMS, a language for analog mixed-signal circuit description is very time-consuming for large systems. Recently, an AMS extension of SystemC, called SystemC AMS, has filled this gap of Mixed Signal modeling in a system level. At the circuit level, the conventional analog design methodologies have been mainly based on the analog designer approximated calculations and computer-aided simulations for tuning. The design time of analog and RF blocks is very dependent on the designer's experience. When the CMOS process or the specifications are changed a complete redesign is necessary. Moreover, it is very difficult to optimize the overall design of a complex mixed-signal circuit because the design and simulation environments used for the digital blocks are very different from those used for the analog and RF blocks. The following points summarize the contributions realized in this work. - The first implementation of a fairly complex Mixed Signal model in SystemC-AMS: a Wireless Sensor Network node. - Refined models for a generic and configurable approach of system-level modeling. - An accurate linear and nonlinear circuit performance evaluation tool for system-level refined models back-annotation and circuit-level optimized design. - An optimized circuit design methodology based on an accurate sizing tool and the circuit performance evaluation tool. - A unified Mixed Signal design environment with a very strong interaction between system-level simulation and optimized circuit-level design.
The North Staffordshire Suicide Study: a case–control study of suicide in one health district

Background. The aim of the study was to identify sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for death from suicide and undetermined injury in residents of one health district. Method. Data were collected on all cases of suicide (ICD-9 E950–959) and undetermined injury (ICD-9 E980–989) for residents in North Staffordshire Health District between 1991 and 1995. Controls, identified from the Coroner's inquest register, who died from other causes, were matched for age and sex. Results. Two hundred and twelve pairs of cases and matched controls were identified. Multivariate analysis (conditional logistic regression) showed that the risk of death due to suicide and undetermined death was associated with: recent separation, relationship difficulties, experience of financial difficulties, history of past criminal charges or contact with the police, a past history of deliberate self-harm, being on psychotropic medication at the time of death and a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder. For sociodemographic variables, a univariate analysis found associations between the cases and being separated, living alone, having a past history of criminal charges and unemployment. Cases were more likely to have a psychiatric disorder, past history of deliberate self-harm and a past history of psychiatric contact for themselves or a family member. Controls were more likely to have a current medical disorder. Cases were more likely than controls to be on any form of medication at the time of death and to have received a prescription for psychotropic or non-psychotropic medication in the week and month before death. Cases were more likely than controls to have had contact with medical services in the week and month before death, with the general practitioner in the week before death and with psychiatric services at any time in the year before death. Strong associations were found between suicide and undetermined injury and life events such as recent separation and bereavement, and financial and relationship difficulties. Conclusions. The study provides an analytical investigation utilizing a dead control group, data gathered from several sources and adequate numbers of cases. It confirms many of the risk factors identified in other studies and highlights the high proportion of suicides who have been in recent contact with the criminal justice system or have been prescribed medication shortly before death.
Radiographic anatomic structure of the arthritic acetabulum and its influence on total hip arthroplasty.

Acetabular bone structure is not the same in all patients and can be defined by the radiolucent triangle superior to the acetabulum. Of 132 hips, 81 had an isosceles triangular shape, which was named type A acetabulum. Forty-six hips had an extension of the triangle into the teardrop, which created a thickened medial wall and was named type B. Five hips had a right-angle triangle, which was found only with congenital disease of the hip and was named type C. The density of the superior acetabular bone in the triangle could be normally radiolucent (stage I), have vertical and transverse trabeculae throughout the triangle (stage II), or have the triangle filled with bone and cysts (stage III). The relationship between progressive radiolucent lines and acetabular type showed that type A3 (thin medial wall with dense triangle bone) had the highest incidence of progressive radiolucent lines (P < .05).
EFFECTS OF ANTENATAL YOGA ON MATERNAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Antenatal depression and anxiety are associated with adverse obstetric and mental health outcomes, yet practicable nonpharmacological therapies, particularly for the latter, are lacking. Yoga incorporates relaxation and breathing techniques with postures that can be customized for pregnant women. This study tested the efficacy of yoga as an intervention for reducing maternal anxiety during pregnancy.
Nonlinear Propagation in Multimode and Multicore Fibers: Generalization of the Manakov Equations

We investigate theoretically nonlinear transmission in space-division multiplexed (SDM) systems using multimode fibers exhibiting rapidly varying birefringence. A primary objective is to generalize the Manakov equations, well known in the case of single-mode fibers. We first investigate the case where linear coupling among spatial modes of the fiber is weak and derive new Manakov equations after averaging over random birefringence fluctuations. Such an averaging reduces the number of intermodal nonlinear terms drastically since all four-wave-mixing terms vanish. Cross-phase modulation terms still affect multimode transmission but their effectiveness is reduced. We verify the accuracy of new Manakov equations by simulating the transmission of multiple 114-Gb/s bit streams in the PDM-QPSK format over different modes of a multimode fiber and comparing the numerical results with those obtained by solving the full stochastic equations. The agreement is excellent in all cases studied. A major benefit of the new Manakov equations is that they typically reduce the computation time by more than a factor of 10. Our results show that birefringence fluctuations improve system performance by reducing the impact of fiber nonlinearities. The extent of improvement depends on the fiber design and how many spatial modes are used for SDM transmission. We also consider the case where all spatial modes experience strong random linear coupling modeled using a random matrix. We derive new Manakov equations in this regime and show that the impact of some nonlinear effects can be reduced relatively to single-modes fibers. Finally, we extend our analysis to multicore fibers and show that the Manakov equations obtained in the strong- and weak-coupling regimes can still be used depending on the extent of coupling among fiber cores.
MEAN SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AND BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS FOR LUMINOUS QUASARS

We explore the mid-infrared (mid-IR) through ultraviolet (UV) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 119,652 luminous broad-lined quasars with 0.064 < z < 5.46 using mid-IR data from Spitzer and WISE, near-infrared data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey and UKIDSS, optical data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and UV data from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer. The mean SED requires a bolometric correction (relative to 2500 Å) of BC2500 Å =2.75 ± 0.40 using the integrated light from 1 μm–2 keV, and we further explore the range of bolometric corrections exhibited by individual objects. In addition, we investigate the dependence of the mean SED on various parameters, particularly the UV luminosity for quasars with 0.5 ≲ z ≲ 3 and the properties of the UV emission lines for quasars with z ≳ 1.6; the latter is a possible indicator of the strength of the accretion disk wind, which is expected to be SED-dependent. Luminosity-dependent mean SEDs show that, relative to the high-luminosity SED, low-luminosity SEDs exhibit a harder (bluer) far-UV spectral slope (αUV), a redder optical continuum, and less hot dust. Mean SEDs constructed instead as a function of UV emission line properties reveal changes that are consistent with known Principal Component Analysis trends. A potentially important contribution to the bolometric correction is the unseen extreme UV (EUV) continuum. Our work suggests that lower-luminosity quasars and/or quasars with disk-dominated broad emission lines may require an extra continuum component in the EUV that is not present (or much weaker) in high-luminosity quasars with strong accretion disk winds. As such, we consider four possible models and explore the resulting bolometric corrections. Understanding these various SED-dependent effects will be important for accurate determination of quasar accretion rates.
Neural and Muscular Contributions to the Age-Related Reductions in Rapid Strength

Introduction The purposes of this study were to investigate the age-related differences in absolute and normalized plantarflexion rate of torque development (RTD) at early (0–50 ms) and late (100–200 ms) time intervals and to examine specific neural and muscular mechanisms contributing to these differences. Methods Thirty-two young (20.0 ± 2.1 yr) and 20 older (69.5 ± 3.3 yr) recreationally active men performed rapid plantarflexion isometric muscle actions to examine absolute and normalized RTD and muscle activation using EMG at early and late time intervals. Ultrasonography was used to examine medial gastrocnemius muscle size, echo intensity (EI), and muscle architecture (fascicle length [FL] and pennation angle [PA]). Results The older men were weaker (23.9%, P < 0.001) and had lower later absolute and normalized RTD (P = 0.001–0.034) variables when compared with the young men. The older men also had higher EI (P < 0.001), smaller PA (P = 0.004), and lower later EMG amplitude values (P = 0.009–0.046). However, there were no differences in early RTD and EMG amplitude values, muscle size, or FL between groups (P = 0.097–0.914). Lower late RTD values were related to higher EI, smaller PA, and lower EMG amplitude values (r = −0.28–0.59, P = 0.001–0.044); however, late RTD values were no longer related to PA after normalizing to peak torque. Conclusions Age-related alterations in muscle quality (EI), architecture, and muscle activation may influence rapid torque production at late time intervals (≥100 ms) from contraction onset. These findings highlight specific neuromuscular factors that influence the age-related reductions in RTD, which has been shown to significantly influence function and performance in older adults.