Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Some Risk Factors on Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows

Sunulan calisma, sut inekciligi isletmelerinde subklinik mastitis olusumuna etki eden bazi risk faktorlerini arastirmak icin yurutuldu. Yuzdoksanbes Holstayn, Esmer ve Simental irki sutcu ineklerin 774 meme lobuna Kaliforniya Mastitis Test (CMT) uygulandi ve en az bir meme lobu CMT pozitif reaksiyon veren 100 inegin 125 meme lobundan mikrobiyolojik yoklamalar ve antibiyotik duyarlilik testleri icin sut ornekleri alindi. CMT pozitif inek orani %51.28 olarak belirlenirken, bu hayvanlarin %63’unun sutunde ureme gozlendi. Meme loblarinin (n:774) %16,14’unde CMT pozitif reaksiyon gozlenirken bunlarin %60,80’inde ureme gozlendi. Mikrobiyolojik yoklamalarda E.coli %28.9, Candida spp. %24.21, S.uberis ve Koagulaz Negatif Stafilokoklar %19.53, S.aureus %3.9, Proteus spp. %2.34 ve Bacillus spp. %1.56 oranlarinda gozlendi. CMT pozitif olan hayvanlarin yerlesim yerlerine gore laktasyon sayisi/donemi ve yas ortalamalari arasinda istatistiki fark belirlenemedi. Ineklerin yerlesim yerinin, yaslarinin, laktasyon sayilarinin/donemlerinin, irk ozelliklerinin ve numunelerin alindigi meme lobu lokalizasyonunun CMT skorlarina ve mikrobiyolojik sonuclara etkilerinin olmadigi gozlendi. Calismada ureyen bakterilerin amoksisilin+klavulonik asit ve oksitetrasiklin gibi antibiyotiklere duyarli olduklari, gentamisin, seftiofur, enrofloksasin ve sefkuinom’a direncli olduklari tespit edildi. Sonuc olarak ineklerin yasi, irki, laktasyon sayisi ve laktasyon donemi gibi faktorlerin subklinik mastitis olusumunda, yetersiz hijyen, uygun olmayan sagim sistemi ve mastitis kontrol programlari kadar etkili olmadiklari dusunulmektir. Ayrica bilincsizce kullanilan antibiyotik tedavilerinin bazi antibiyotiklerin bakterilere karsi direncli hale gelmesinde onemli bir risk faktoru oldugu ileri surulebilir.
Gradual Retirement and Lengthening of Working Life

In order for the part-time pension to make sense economically, it should extend the length of the working career. An interesting question is also whether the timing of retirement and willingness to work after retirement are related. We use data on the aspirations of individuals regarding their old-age retirement behaviour to estimate a multivariate probit model with three binary dependent variables: partial retirement, planning to continue working beyond age 63, and planning to continue working while on retirement. The model is estimated using simulated maximum likelihood. The probability of being on part-time pension increases with the length of working career, but decreases with wage. It is positively related to an indicator of chronic illness. Age has a positive effect on the probability of thinking about continuing working after age 63, which is natural since in the older age cohorts those preferring to retire early have already done that. Higher wage and private pension insurance have a negative effect on the probability of continuing to work, while the level of education increases it. Women and those having mental strain in their job are less likely to postpone retirement. The probability of continuing work while retired is difficult to predict. Only good self-assessed health seems to play an important role in this decision-making. Being on partial retirement has no positive impact on the probability of preferring to stay longer at work. This gives support to the worries that partial retirement is a tool that helps in increasing the labour force participation of the aging labour force, but at a relatively high cost.
Tropical climate-vegetation-fire relationships: multivariate evaluation of the land surface model JSBACH . In open review for Biogeosciences. - doi:10.5194/bg-2018-48

The interactions between climate, vegetation and fire can strongly influence the future trajectories of vegetation in Earth system models. We evaluate the relationships between tropical climate, vegetation and fire in the global vegetation model JSBACH, using a simple fire scheme and the complex fire model SPITFIRE with the aim to identify potential for model improvement. We use two remotesensing products (based on MODIS and Landsat) in different resolutions to assess the robustness of the obtained observed relationships. We evaluate the model using a multivariate comparison that allows us to focus on the interactions between climate, vegetation and fire and test the influence of land use change on the modelled patterns. Climate– vegetation–fire relationships are known to differ between continents; we therefore perform the analysis for each continent separately. The observed relationships are similar in the two satellite data sets, but maximum tree cover is reached at higher precipitation values for coarser resolution. This shows that the spatial scale of models and data needs to be consistent for meaningful comparisons. The model captures the broad spatial patterns with regional differences, which are partly due to the climate forcing derived from an Earth system model. Compared to the simple fire scheme, SPITFIRE strongly improves the spatial pattern of burned area and the distribution of burned area along increasing precipitation. The correlation between precipitation and tree cover is higher in the observations than in the largely climate-driven vegetation model, with both fire models. The multivariate comparison identifies excessive tree cover in low-precipitation areas and a toostrong relationship between high fire occurrence and low tree cover for the complex fire model. We therefore suggest that drought effects on tree cover and the impact of burned area on tree cover or the adaptation of trees to fire can be improved. The observed variation in the relationship between precipitation and maximum tree cover between continents is higher than the simulated one. Land use contributes to the intercontinental differences in fire regimes with SPITFIRE and strongly overprints the modelled multimodality of tree cover with SPITFIRE. The multivariate model–data comparison used here has several advantages: it improves the attribution of model–data mismatches to model processes, it reduces the impact of biases in the meteorological forcing on the evaluation and it allows us to evaluate not only a specific target variable but also the interactions.
Depth of Focus and Perceived Blurring of Simultaneously-Viewed Displays

Abstract : Head-mounted displays (HMDs) have not previously been combined with flat-panel display systems and it was unknown whether viewing two displays at differing focal plane distances would lead to perceived blurring or visual discomfort. This is now a concern as the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS) is integrated with existing flat-panel display systems such as the Mobile Modular Display for Advanced Research and Training (M2DART). The degree of blurring that could occur would be dependent upon observers? depth of focus and the extent to which the two displays vary in focal plane distance. In previous research, we investigated whether blurring occurs when two displays are viewed simultaneously at independently varying focal plane distances. These conditions simulated those of a monocular HMD integrated with the M2DART. The results of that research suggested that blurring due to two differing focal planes was not likely to be a significant issue for the current configuration of the M2DART. We present here two additional experiments that extend these earlier results. In the first experiment, luminance levels were decreased, thus increasing pupil size and decreasing depth of focus and the degree of blurring was measured using psychophysical techniques. In the second experiment, blurring and visual discomfort were examined under more typical viewing conditions: observers performed a task similar to off-bore sight targeting in the M2DART using a monocular HMD. They identified the orientation of an aircraft target presented on the M2DART and a test letter presented on the HMD. Assessments of eyestrain and perceived blur were obtained during the performance of this task. The results of these two experiments indicated that depth of focus should not be an issue for standard-resolution displays and, further, that visual discomfort is not likely to be an issue for the integration of a monocular HMD with the M2DART.
Effects of Test Cell Recirculation on High-Bypass Turbofan Engines during Simulated Altitude Tests

Abstract : An experimental and analytical program was conducted to determine the nature of the flow field around a subscale model of a high bypass turbofan engine installed in a representatively scaled altitude test cell. The engine model employed variable geometry and flow conditions in order to determine their effects on test cell recirculating flows, which can affect engine performance during altitude testing. Flow field data were obtained from both two axis laser Doppler velocimeters, as well as from pressure and temperature instrumentation installed on the model and test cell. Review of full and 1/10 scale test data and the results of the subscale tests indicate that test cell recirculation effects are a function of cell geometry. Measurement of test cell effects is dependent on a baseline test configuration, such as an outdoor test, where the effects are not present.
Role of Selenium and Vitamin E in Occupational Exposure to Heavy Metals (Mercury, Lead and Cadmium): Impact of Working in Lamp Factory

Heavy metals are environmental contaminants may pose long-term health effects. Unfortunately, the consequent implementation of preventive measures was generally delayed, causing serious negative effects to the exposed populations. The objective of this study was to determine whether co-consumption of nutritional supplements as selenium and vitamin E would treat the hazardous effects of exposure to mercury, lead and cadmium. 36 workers were the subject of this study, their ages ranged from 19-63 years, (mean = 29.5±10.12); 20 males and 16 females. They were working in lamp factory for an average of 0.5-40 years (mean= 5.3±8.8). Twenty control subjects matched for age and gender, habits as well as circumstances were used for comparison. All workers were subjected to neuropsychiatric evaluation. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) revealed that 44.4% were complaining of anxiety, 52.7% of depression, 41.6% of social dysfunction and 22.2% of somatic symptoms. Cognitive tests revealed that long-term memory was not affected significantly when compared with controls, while short term memory and perceptual ability were affected significantly. Blood metal levels were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/ MS). The mean blood mercury, lead and cadmium concentrations before treatment were 1.6 mg/l, 0.39 mg/l and 1.7 μg/l, while they decreased significantly after treatment to 1.2 mg/l, 0.29 mg/l and 1. 3μg/l respectively. Anti-oxidative enzymes (paraoxonase and catalase) and lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde) were measured before and after treatment with selenium and vitamin E, and showed significant improvement. Co-consumption of selenium and vitamin E produces significant decrease in mercury, lead and cadmium levels and significant improvement in the antioxidative activity which may treat the neuropsychiatric disorders occasioned by chronic occupational exposure to heavy metals.
A Reliable Non-Contact ECG Measurement System with Minimal Power Line Disturbance

A noncontact ECG measurement scheme has many advantages over a conventional ECG measurement system. But, one of the main problems of noncontact ECG signal is its susceptibility to power line disturbances, caused by powered electronic equipments or power line wires. In this paper, a scheme for non-contact ECG measurement was first developed and its sensitivity to power line interference got suppressed using a novel signal conditioning method. After designing the suitable capacitive electrodes, the signal from the active electrodes are amplified, filtered and finally displayed in a Virtual Instrument developed in a LabVIEW environment. The simulation of the overall scheme for the suppression of power frequency disturbance has been carried out and the result shows a significant improvement in the SNR. 
Feedback Design Considerations for Intelligent Team Tutoring Systems

Challenges arise when developing a computer-based Intelligent Team Tutoring System (ITTS) that attempts to deliver feedback to teams as effectively as a human tutor. The purpose of this current work is to outline elements of feedback that should be considered when designing feedback for an ITTS. The authors present the results of a study that consisted of 32 participants grouped into 16 teams of two. Each team conducted a surveillance task where they received individual or team feedback. Feedback content was written using either the bald (direct feedback; no need for interpretation) or off-record (general feedback; interpretation needed) etiquette strategy. The results showed that feedback delivered using the bald etiquette strategy positively correlated with improved performance. The results also showed that team level feedback positively correlated with more accurate self-assessment among participants. This suggests that in an ITTS, direct feedback can lead to better performance, and that feedback provided at the team level can help to align self-interpretation of performance with actual task performance.
Predator-free space, functional responses and biological invasions

Summary 1. Predator–prey interactions are mediated by the structural complexity of habitats, but disentangling the many facets of structure that contribute to this mediation remains elusive. In a world replete with altered landscapes and biological invasions, determining how structure mediates the interactions between predators and novel prey will contribute to our understanding of invasions and predator–prey dynamics in general. 2. Here, using simplified experimental arenas, we manipulate predator-free space, whilst holding surface area and volume constant, to quantify the effects on predator–prey interactions between two resident gammarid predators and an invasive prey, the Ponto-Caspian corophiid Chelicorophium curvispinum. 3. Systematically increasing predator-free space alters the functional responses (the relationship between prey density and consumption rate) of the amphipod predators by reducing attack rates and lengthening handling times. Crucially, functional response shape also changes subtly from destabilizing Type II towards stabilizing Type III, such that small increases in predatorfree space to result in significant reductions in prey consumption at low prey densities. 4. Habitats with superficially similar structural complexity can have considerably divergent consequences for prey population stability in general and, particularly, for invasive prey establishing at low densities in novel habitats.
Significance of straining in colloid deposition: Evidence and implications

Considerable research suggests that colloid deposition in porous media is frequently not consistent with filtration theory predictions under unfavorable attachment conditions. Filtration theory was developed from an analysis of colloid attachment to the solid‐water interface of a single spherical grain collector and therefore does not include the potential influence of pore structure, grain‐grain junctions, and surface roughness on straining deposition. This work highlights recent experimental evidence that indicates that straining can play an important role in colloid deposition under unfavorable attachment conditions and may explain many of the reported limitations of filtration theory. This conclusion is based upon pore size distribution information, size exclusion, time‐ and concentration‐dependent deposition behavior, colloid size distribution information, hyperexponential deposition profiles, the dependence of deposition on colloid and porous medium size, batch release rates, micromodel observations, and deposition at textural interfaces. The implications of straining in unsaturated and heterogeneous systems are also discussed, as well as the potential influence of system solution chemistry and hydrodynamics. The inability of attachment theory predictions to describe experimental colloid transport data under unfavorable conditions is demonstrated. Specific tests to identify the occurrence and/or absence of straining and attachment are proposed.
A method for the visual analysis of the streetscape

This paper outlines an interdisciplinary approach, utilising architectural knowledge and computer imaging, to develop an analytical tool that describes the physical characteristics of a streetscape. Techniques for connecting the urban texture at the scale of the individual, with the urban character of precincts within the city are difficult to find. One theory that does appear to be able to make such a connection is space syntax. By considering the open spaces generated by the existence of an interdependent built boundary extending in scale from the individual house through to the streets that form cities, space syntax attempts to explain human behaviour as it occurs in those spaces. Describing the visual character of a streetscape through analysis of its spatial configuration might then provide an objective measure within a planning field that is dominated by qualitative methods. A method of analysis is developed using an algorithm, based on the Hough transform, which provides a global measure of the geometry within the convex space of the streetscape. This image processing technique segments an image at a fine scale on the basis of discontinuity and similarity, allowing the edges that define features within the built surface to be detected. The density of edges within the textured surface then provides a measure of how visual detail is distributed throughout an image at different scales, a concept that is closely related to fractal geometry. The approach is conceptually related to the theory of description retrieval, facade configuration and the facade isovist discussed by Hillier (Hillier 1996:p238; Hillier 2003). The streetscape is considered as a convex space where the visual field is constructed of elements that can be studied as an objective reality. The interrelationship of the elements or as Hillier describes, the way they are synchronised, might then provide an insight into how the street is understood at an experiential level.
Retrospective versus Prospective Evidence for Promotion : The Case of Wikipedia

Wikipedia is a large, online encyclopedia written and edited by volunteers. With a distributed work force of thousands of editors autonomously making changes, coordination in Wikipedia is a challenge. This paper examines how the process used to promote some editors to become administrators selects those who have the skills and temperament to act like managers in an organization without formal management roles. Studies of promotions suggest they have two complementary functions: (1) providing workers with incentives and rewards to deliver the effort and performance valued by the organization and (2) selecting workers for roles where they can contribute effectively to the organization. The incentive function leads organizations to promote based on retrospective indicators of past achievement, while the selection function leads them to promote based on prospective predictors of future job performance. We examined 1502 promotion decisions in Wikipedia to determine the influence of retrospective and prospective evidence for promotion. Two studies – a qualitative analysis of reasons cited in promotion decisions and a quantitative, policy-capture analysis relating users’ historical editing patterns to promotion success – both show that Wikipedia bases its promotion decisions on prospective evidence. These findings are consistent with the need in Wikipedia to recruit and select individuals without formal authority or explicit hierarchy to do the difficult job of coordinating the work of others. A comparison of the two studies, however, suggests that while Wikipedians talk about promoting editors based on their record of editing articles, data from the policy capture study indicates they do not, in fact, use these criteria. We discuss the implications of these findings for theories of promotion, policy capture, and online groups.
Learning at Developmental Cusps: A Lifespan Perspective

This article presents a qualitative analysis of learning at various ages from 1 through 76—suggesting in each case that the learner crossed a boundary at a developmental cusp, with an associated shift in awareness of the self. That these are all ages outside traditional schooling reinforces the lifespan nature of learning. Four elements were present: 1) a pressing puzzle to the self (psychological); 2) developmental readiness of the learner (biological); 3) a conducive learning environment (cultural); and 4) a trusted scaffolding relationship between the learner and a guide (social). Lifespan, childhood, and adult learning theories, as well as sources as diverse as Aristotle and Jung, contribute to an understanding of how developmental cusps are negotiated. Teachers aware of the concept of ―developmental cusp‖ are more apt to provide the educational support needed for the learner to transcend a developmental juncture to a more integrated sense of self. structures around an issue of personal significance. liminal opening to the next level of complexity made by four elements: 1) a motivating personal challenge; developmental (bodily) changes; environmental specific social support of
A convex integer programming approach for optimal sparse PCA

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used dimensionality reduction tools in scientific data analysis. The PCA direction, given by the leading eigenvector of a covariance matrix, is a linear combination of all features with nonzero loadings---this impedes interpretability. Sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) is a framework that enhances interpretability by incorporating an additional sparsity requirement in the feature weights (factor loadings) while finding a direction that explains the maximal variation in the data. However, unlike PCA, the optimization problem associated with the SPCA problem is NP-hard. While many heuristic algorithms based on variants of the power method are used to obtain good solutions, they do not provide certificates of optimality on the solution-quality via associated dual bounds. Dual bounds are available via standard semidefinite programming (SDP) based relaxations, which may not be tight and the SDPs are difficult to scale using off-the-shelf solvers. In this paper, we present a convex integer programming (IP) framework to solve the SPCA problem to near-optimality, with an emphasis on deriving associated dual bounds. We present worst-case results on the quality of the dual bound provided by the convex IP. We empirically observe that the dual bounds are significantly better than worst-case performance, and are superior to the SDP bounds on some real-life instances. Moreover, solving the convex IP model using commercial IP solvers appears to scale much better that solving the SDP-relaxation using commercial solvers. To the best of our knowledge, we obtain the best dual bounds for real and artificial instances for SPCA problems involving covariance matrices of size up to $2000\times 2000$.