Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coaches’ emotional intelligence and athletes’ psychological need satisfaction in taekwondo: Coaching behaviour as a mediator

Background and Study Aim: Coaches’ role in sports is crucial. Their emotional intelligence and behaviour affect athletes’ motivational processes. This study cognitive aim is knowledge about the interrelations among emotional intelligence, coaching behaviour and psychological need satisfaction. Material and Methods: Participants were 228 taekwondo athletes registered in a South Korean university federation. Data included athletes’ perceptions of their coaches, measured and collected using the Emotional Intelligence Scale, Controlling Coaching Behavior Scale, Autonomy-Supportive Scale and Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale. Results: First, emotional intelligence positively predicted psychological need satisfaction and autonomy-supportive behaviour and negatively predicted controlling coaching behaviour. Second, controlling coaching behaviour negatively predicted psychological need satisfaction. We did not find a mediating effect of coaching behaviour on the relation between emotional intelligence and psychological need satisfaction. Conclusions: Emotional intelligence was found as a positive predictor of PNS and AS and a negative predictor of CCB. Only CCB was negatively associated with PNS. However, we did not find the mediating effect of AS and CCB. These findings show that coaches’ EI could be a key characteristic in enhancing coaching effectiveness as they show their athletes more supportive and not controlling behaviours, thus satisfying their athletes’ psychological needs. Therefore, we should consider EI as part of coaching skills and educate the public on its importance
FINITE-DIMENSIONAL APPROXIMATION OFA CLASS OFCONSTRAINED NONLINEAR OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEMS

An abstract framework for the analysis and approximation of a class of nonlinear optimal control and optimization problems is constructed. Nonlinearities occur in both the objective functional and the constraints. The framework includes an abstract nonlinear optimization problem posed on infinite-dimensional spaces, an approximate problem posed on finite-dimensional spaces, together with a number of hypotheses concerning the two problems. The framework is used to show that optimal solutions exist, to show that Lagrange multipliers may be used to enforce the constraints, to derive an optimality system from which optimal states and controls may be deduced, and to derive existence results and error estimates for solutions of the approximate problem. The abstract framework and the results derived from that framework are then applied to three concrete control or optimization problems and their approximation by finite-element methods. The first involves the von K\'arm\'an plate equations of nonlinear elasticity, the second the Ginzburg--Landau equations of superconductivity, and the third the Navier--Stokes equations for incompressible, viscous flows.
Comparison of the closed-chamber and gas concentration gradient methods for measurement of CO2 and N2O fluxes in two upland field soils

Abstract We measured nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from Gray Lowland soil (onion field) and Andosol soil (maize field) using the closed-chamber method and the concentration-gradient method based on Fick's law (gradient method). Measurements of gas concentration (at a depth of 0.05 m) and relative gas diffusion coefficients (D/D 0) (0–0.05 m depth) in the soil were carried out every week during the snow-free season (May–October) each year for 6 years in the Gray Lowland soil (1995–2000) and for 3 years in the Andosol soil (1998–2000). The seasonal pattern of N2O and CO2 fluxes using the chamber method was similar to those using the gradient method, and there were significant positive correlations between the fluxes using the chamber and gradient methods when extremely high N2O flux values were excluded (Smirnov–Grubbs’ outlier test, P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in N2O fluxes between the two methods, but CO2 flux using the chamber method was higher than that using the gradient method. As the gradient method could not measure the production, consumption and gas diffusion in the surface soil above the soil-air sampling tube (upper 0.05 m), differences in extremely high N2O and CO2 fluxes between the two methods resulted when the production and consumption of these gases were active in the soil above the installed location of the soil-air sampling tube. Measurements of gas concentration and D/D0 in the soil were required at every measurement during the investigation period because these values showed large seasonal variation. The measurement of CO2 flux was more influenced by plants than the N2O measurements. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the distance between the instruments (chambers and soil-air sampling tubes) and nearby plants. Our results suggest that the gradient method could lead to under or over estimation of CO2 flux and to extremely high N2O flux measurements. In contrast, the gradient method could be used for N2O flux measurement, excluding extremely high fluxes, and to understand seasonal patterns in CO2 flux. The gradient method is useful because it can estimate gas fluxes both in the soil and from soil to the atmosphere at the same time.
Experimental study of cocurrent and countercurrent flows in natural porous media

This paper reports flow experiments involving cocurrent and countercurrent spontaneous water/oil imbibition performed on the same laterally coated sample of a natural porous medium with local saturation measurements and various boundary conditions. The experiments with countercurrent imbibition showed slower oil recovery, a smoother water/oil front, and slightly lower ultimate oil recovery than those with predominantly cocurrent imbibition. Numerical simulations revealed that the relative permeabilities that enabled good prediction of countercurrent oil recovery rate are about 30% less than the conventional cocurrent relative permeabilities at a given water saturation. Viscous coupling is assumed to be the origin of this difference. A new formulation of Darcy equations that uses a matrix of mobilities was found to be in qualitative agreement with experimental results.
Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of spatiotemporal temperature patterns

The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique decomposes a spatiotemporal signal into time-independent orthogonal spatial components and time-dependent amplitudes, a splitting that proves very useful in the analysis of intricate patterns. The technique is shown here to be useful in elucidating complex patterns observed in chemical systems. Its power and advantages are illustrated by analysis of two time-dependent temperature patterns measured by an infrared camera during the oxidation of hydrogen on a nickel disk in a mixed flow reactor. The POD analysis reveals that in both cases the surface temperature variations are induced by two «pacemakers», active regions at the edge of the disk, from which temperature fronts propagate
Quantum Yields for the Photosensitized Formation of the Lowest Electronically Excited Singlet State of Molecular Oxygen in Solution

Quenching of excited singlet and triplet states of many substances by ground state molecular oxygen produces singlet oxygen, the lowest electronically excited singlet state of molecular oxygen, O2(1Δg). The fractions of singlet and triplet states quenched which produce singlet oxygen and the quantum yields of formation of singlet oxgyen in fluid solutions have been critically compiled. Methods for determination yield parameters have been reviewed. Data have been compiled from the literature through 1991. Photosensitizers such as aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic ketones and thiones, quinones, coumarins, fluoresceins, transition metal complexes, and heterocyclics are included in Table 1. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines are included in Table 2. Other materials which have been investigated for singlet oxygen production, such as dyes and drugs, are collected in Table 3 along with heterogeneous systems such as polymer‐bound photosensitizers.
Combination of energy minimizations and rigid-body Rietveld refinement: the structure of 2,5-dihydroxybenzo[de]benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-7-one

The crystal structure of the yellow pigment 2,5-dihydroxybenzo[de]benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinol­in-7-one (C18H10N2O3) was determined from powder data. The crystal structure was solved by minimizing the intermolecular energy starting from random packings. Subsequently, the structure was refined by rigid-body Rietveld analysis, using synchrotron powder data. The refinement included several intramolecular degrees of freedom. The compound crystallizes in Pna21, Z\,=\,4, with lattice parameters a\,=\,13.2759 (3), b\,=\,20.9561 (5), c\,=\,4.7798 (1) A, and V\,=\,1329.79 (5) A3. The crystal consists of planar molecules, connected by hydrogen bonds of the types O–H⋯OH and O–H⋯N, which form a three-dimensional hydrogen-bond network.
Preparation and Characterization of Sulfonated Polyacrylamide from Polyacrylonitrile for Proton Conductive Membranes

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was sulfonated and the membranes prepared were then characterized by the FTIR-ATR, Elemental Analyzer EA, TGA, DSC, SEM, Tensile, Water uptake and Impedance tests. FTIR-ATR spectra show the substitution of the sulfonic group (SO3) to the main stem of the chain and also the hydrolysis of the cyanide group to amide group confirm the conversion of polyacrylonitrile to sulfonated polyacrylamide. Increase in water uptake property as compared to pure PAN also confirms the sulfonation process has occurred. Thermal properties also confirm the enhancement of the materials after sulfonation reaction.
Kinetic parameters of isotopic exchange reaction in finite bath

A mathematical model has been proposed for an isotopic exchange reaction between the solid particles and ions in a solution of finite volume. A theoretical equation has been derived to predict the exchange fraction as a function of the dimensionless time T with the kinetic parameters ξ, ξ1 and final fractional uptake U as parameters for the exchange rate controlled by combined film diffusion, surface chemical reaction and intraparticle diffusion. The exchange fraction increases as the values of T, U, ξ and ξ, increase. Experimental results of the isotopic exchange systems CaCO3(s)Ca2+ (aq), CaC2O4(s)/ Ca2+ (aq) and Ca-form Dowex 50W-X8/Ca2+ (aq) agree well with the theoretical equation proposed in this study. On a propose un modele mathematique dans le cas d'une reaction avec echange isotopique entre les particules solides et les ions dans une solution de volume fini. On a mis au point une equation theorique pour prevoir la fraction de l'echange, en fonction du temps sans dimensions T, dans laquelle les parametres cinetiques ξ et ξ1 ainsi que la prise fractionnelle et finale U etaient parametres pour le taux d'echange que contrǒlaient a la fois la diffusion en couche mince, la reaction chimique superficielle et la diffusion entre les particules. La fraction d'echange s'est accrue a mesure que les valeurs de T, U, ξ et ξ1 augmentaient. Les resultats experimentaux obtenus avec les systemes d'echange isotopique CaCO3(S)/Ca2+ (eau), CaC2O4(S)/Ca2+ (eau) et Ca-forme Dowex 50W-X8/Ca2+ (eau) ont bien concorde avec l'equation theorique proposee dans la presente etude.
Periodic Table of the Elements in the Perspective of Artificial Neural Networks

Although several chemical elements were not known by end of the 19th century, Mendeleev came up with an astonishing achievement, the periodic table of elements. He was not only able to predict the existence of (then) new elements, but also to provide accurate estimates of their chemical and physical properties. This is a profound example of the human intelligence. Here, we try to shed some light on the following question: Can an artificial intelligence system yield a classification of the elements that resembles, in some sense, the periodic table? To achieve our goal, we have used a self-organized map (SOM) with information available at Mendeleev’s time. Our results show that similar elements tend to form individual clusters. Thus, although SOM generates clusters of halogens, alkaline metals, and transition metals that show a similarity with the periodic table of elements, the SOM did not achieve the sophistication that Mendeleev achieved.
Study of a fast high power pulsed magnetron discharge: role of plasma deconfinement on the charged particle transport

In this paper, we report the influence of the various stages of the preionized high power pulsed magnetron discharge on the saturated ion substrate holder current. Our system allows superposition of a preionization low current dc discharge with high voltage pulses applied directly on the magnetron cathode. This system is characterized by a very fast and perfectly reproducible discharge current rise. For a 33 mm copper target, Ar pressure of ∼1 Pa, voltage applied in a pulse of ∼1 kV, the maximum cathode current of ∼40 A is reached in 6 µs. The dependence of the saturated ion substrate holder current was analyzed for varying time duration of the high power pulse from 2 up to 8 µs by 0.5 µs steps. It allows the discrimination of the contribution of elemental temporal intervals to the overall saturated ion substrate holder current. This analysis led to the conclusion that the transport of ballistic ions during the current pulse and in the afterglow is independent of time. We concluded that space charge effects are negligible for both discharge and post-discharge conditions and that electrons act as a neutralizing background. Finally, on the basis of a phenomenological kinetic model for the electron transport, physical explanations of these results are proposed which involve the transverse diffusion of low energy electrons out of the magnetized glow region through electron–ion Coulomb collisions.
SERS Microspectroscopy of Biomolecules on Dried Ag Colloidal Drops

We report the application of dried Ag hydroxylamine-reduced colloidal drops to surface-enhanced (resonance) Raman scattering (SE(R)RS) study of biomolecules using Raman microspectroscopy. 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP), amino acid tryptophan, and phospholipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) served as testing biomolecules. Ag colloid/biomolecule drop dried on glass support forms a ring in the edge part of the drop in which almost all nanoparticles are clustered. This specific drying process promotes adsorption of the studied biomolecules in highly enhancing sites (“hot spots”) as well as concentrates them in the ring. We were able to obtain SE(R)RS spectra from the ring that cannot be acquired directly from Ag colloidal solutions (SERRS spectrum of 1×10−10 M TMPyP by 1 s accumulation time, SERS spectrum of 2×10−7 M DSPC). Despite the spectral irreproducibility and problems with spurious bands in some cases, SERS microspectroscopy of studied biomolecules using dried Ag colloid/adsorbate systems improves SERS applicability and sensitivity in comparison to measurements directly from Ag colloidal solution.
Bildung aktiver, sekundärer Aminosäuren aus Halogensäuren und primären Aminen

Die gewohnlichen aktiven Aminosauren lassen sich mit Hilfe der Toluolsulfoverbindungen leicht in ihre Methylderivate verwandeln, und diese besitzen zweifellos die gleiche Konfiguration, da bei ihrer Bildung keine Substitution am asymmetrischen Kohlenstoffatome stattfindet1). Es schien uns nun mit Rucksicht auf die Studien uber Waldensche Umkehrung von Interesse, dieselben aktiven Methylaminosauren aus den aktiven Halogensauren durch Methylamin herzustellen, um die Frage zu entscheiden, ob die Wirkung von Ammoniak und Methylamin bei dieser Reaktion im selben sterischen Sinne stattfindet. Wir haben die Versuche angestellt mit aktiver α-Brom-propionsaure, α-Brom-isocapronsaure und &-Brom-hydrozimtsaure und die Produkte verglichen mit dem aktiven Methyl-alanin, Methyl-leucin und Methyl-phenylalanin. In allen Fallen war das Resultat das gleiche und, wie folgende Zusammenstellung zeigt, erfolgt die Umsetzung der drei Halogensauren mit Ammoniak und Methylamin sterisch in gleicher Art.
Simultaneous distillation–extraction: from birth to maturity—review

Together with a brief history of the development of simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE), this review intends to provide the reader with practical guidelines that can be drawn from the literature, and to help the analyst in the choice of optimum experimental conditions adapted to a given sample preparation problem. This paper starts from the original apparatus of Likens and Nickerson, includes designs for micro-scale experiments, and ends up with the version operating under vacuum, and another for large-scale operations. The question of artifact formation is covered, together with proposed solutions for their prevention. Examples are given from applications in the field of flavours, fragrances and the environment. To better illustrate capabilities and limits of SDE, comparisons of SDE with other techniques of sample preparation are presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitive SNP Detection of KIF6 Gene by Quantum Dot-DNA Conjugate Probe-Based Assay

In recent years, quantum dots (QDs) have been widely used in numerous biological processes and bio-analysis as novel fluorescence indicators. In the study, we developed a quantum dot-based bio-barcode amplification in combination with a Taq DNA ligase approach for the rapid detection of a polymorphism in kinesin-like protein 6 gene (KIF6), which significantly enhances the sensitivity. A ligand-exchange reaction was performed to prepare MPA-functionalized water-soluble QDs. The amine-modified oligonucleotides were coupled to QDs surface to form functional QDs-DNA conjugates. Meanwhile, the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was modified with both the detection probe and bio-barcode oligonucleotides. Then, the amine-modified capture DNAs were immobilized onto the chip, followed by the addition of the modified AuNPs to the modified chip surface to form sandwiched hybridization. When the capture DNA and detection probe were perfectly matched to target DNA (KIF6), Taq DNA ligase in the solution would link the gap between the two strands, resulting in a covalent linkage. The preprepared QDs-DNA conjugation was subsequently added into the system to eventually form the fluorescence assembly. There was a good linear relationship between the target DNA (KIF6) concentration (1pM to 1fM) and ΔG of spot on chip. The ΔG of single base mismatch group was far less than that of completely complementary group. The method of QD-based bio-barcode amplification can provide a detection limit with low fM sensitivity for the detection of KIF6 DNA samples.
Growth Rate Dispersion in Protein Crystal Growth

Like many small molecule materials, tetragonal lysozyme crystals exhibit growth rate dispersion. To investigate this phenomenon further, the growth rate dispersion of the (110) and (101) crystal faces was determined as a function of sodium chloride concentration, temperature, and solution pH. Under the conditions investigated, the growth rate dispersion follows the constant crystal growth model, in which each individual crystal is assumed to have a unique, constant growth rate. While the growth rate dispersion of the (110) face seems independent of the solution conditions, for the (101) face it was observed to vary systematically with temperature and pH. The greater susceptibility of the (101) face to the causes of growth rate dispersion was interpreted in light of a model proposed to explain the differing growth mechanisms of each face. Overall, the magnitude of crystal growth rate dispersion observed for lysozyme is similar to that reported for some small organic molecules.
Surfactant Removal for Colloidal Nanoparticles from Solution Synthesis: The Effect on Catalytic Performance

Colloidal nanoparticles prepared by solution synthesis with robust control over particle size, shape, composition, and structure have shown great potential for catalytic applications. However, such colloidal nanoparticles are usually capped with organic ligands (as surfactants) and cannot be directly used as catalyst. We have studied the effect of surfactant removal on the electrocatalytic performance of Pt nanoparticles made by organic solution synthesis. Various methods were applied to remove the oleylamine surfactant, which included thermal annealing, acetic acid washing, and UV-Ozone irradiation, and the treated nanoparticles were applied as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. It was found that the electrocatalytic performance, including electrochemically active surface area and catalytic activity, was strongly dependent on the pretreatment. Among the methods studied here, low-temperature thermal annealing (∼185 °C) in air was found to be the most effective for surface cleaning without.
Radioisotope‐induced EDXRF investigation of elemental uptake in cauliflower grown at MSW‐contaminated site

A 109Cd radioisotope-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) study has been performed on samples of cauliflower consisting of the flower, the leaves and the associated root soil. The cauliflowers are collected from farms near the main dumping site of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the city of Kolkata, India, and also from uncontaminated farms about 50 km away from the city. The systematic investigation is primarily aimed at achieving two correlated objectives. Firstly, a unified calibration approach is undertaken for the study tool viz., EDXRF spectrometer, through the use of same instrumental scattering constants for quantification in widely differing matrices like soil and plant. Quality control was done by quantitative reproduction of National Institute of Standards and Technology–Standard Reference Materials (NIST–SRMs). Subsequently, the second objective is to comparatively study elemental uptake in the cauliflower samples from contaminated and uncontaminated farms using the same calibration. This study suggests that the elemental concentrations in the root soils and leaves of the samples vary from farm to farm, whereby the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb in root soils of MSW-contaminated farms are higher by almost an order of magnitude compared to uncontaminated farms. But the most notable feature of this study is the strikingly similar elemental concentrations in the edible flower part of all samples irrespective of the soil type. Plots of the ratio of concentrations of elements in leaf to soil and in flower to leaf, observed from the present EDXRF study suggests that a preferential uptake of elements takes place at different stages. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.