Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Historical (1700-2012) global multi-model estimates of the fire emissions from the Fire Modeling Intercomparison Project (FireMIP)

<p>Fire emissions are a critical component of carbon and nutrient cycles and strongly affect climate and air quality. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) with interactive fire modeling provide important estimates for long-term and large-scale changes in fire emissions. Here we present the first multi-model estimates of global gridded historical fire emissions for 1700-2012, including carbon and 33 species of trace gases and aerosols. The dataset is based on simulations of nine DGVMs with different state-of-the-art global fire models that participated in the Fire Modeling Intercomparison Project (FireMIP), using the same and standardized protocols and forcing data, and the most up-to-date fire emission factor table based on field and laboratory studies in various land cover types. We evaluate the simulations of present-day fire emissions by comparing them with satellite-based products. The evaluation results show that most DGVMs simulate present-day global fire emission totals within the range of satellite-based products. They can capture the high emissions over the tropical savannas and low emissions over the arid and sparsely vegetated regions, and the main features of seasonality. However, most models fail to simulate the interannual variability, partly due to a lack of modeling peat fires and tropical deforestation fires. Before the 1850s, all models show only a weak trend in global fire emissions, which is consistent with the multi-source merged historical reconstructions used as input data for CMIP6. On the other hand, the trends are quite different among DGVMs for the 20th century, with some models showing an increase and others a decrease in fire emissions, mainly as a result of the discrepancy in their simulated responses to human population density change and land use and land cover change (LULCC). Our study provides an important dataset for further development of regional and global multi-source merged historical reconstructions, analyses of the historical changes in fire emissions and their uncertainties, and quantification of the role of fire emissions in the Earth system. It also highlights the importance of accurately modeling the responses of fire emissions to LULCC and population density change in reducing uncertainties in historical reconstructions of fire emissions and providing more reliable future projections. </p>
Analytical and Numerical Computation of Ring-Symmetric Spacecraft Exhaust Plumes.

Abstract : A doubleheader approach to the computation of a ring-symmetric spacecraft exhaust plume is presented. We plan to use the present analytic approximation in conjunction with a model for backflow from the exhaust plume of an orbiting spacecraft, induced by oncoming ambient molecules. This process takes place in the regions of centered rarefaction waves (CRW) that flank the central plume. A semi-inverse marching characteristic scheme (SIMA) is formulated specifically for accurate computation of a CRW in two-dimensional axisymmetric coordinates, as a variant of the classical inverse marching method. It replicates a Prandtl-Meyer flow exactly, resulting in an accurate marching scheme for axisymmetric CRW. The analytic Prandtl-Meyer flow exactly, resulting in an accurate marching scheme for axisymmetric CRW. The analytic approximation to a ring-symmetric CRW is formulated in two phases. An analysis of the flow near the corner using characteristics coordinates, results in fan-wise gradients of flow variables (Riemann invariants). These gradients are then used to extrapolate the flow field along fan characteristics from the presumably Prandtl-Meyer flow at the corner while matching exactly the cylindrically diverging flow along the unreflected portion of the CRW leading characteristic. The resulting approximation compares favorably with numerical (SIMA) computations, even at about 10 corner radii away from the corner. Closed-form expressions are obtained for lateral plume opacity at the CRW fringes. Keywords: Exhaust plume, Ring plume, Analytic approximation, Laser exhaust, Centered rarefaction waves.
An Analysis Pattern for Repair of an Entity

This analysis pattern models repair events in a repair shop. This pattern focuses on the basic aspects of the repair events in a repair shop, from the initial estimates until completion of the repair. Details of the repair shop and of the type of entities it repairs are left for the specific application or for complementary patterns. This pattern represents a minimum application that can be applied to a variety of situations and it can be combined with other related patterns to describe more complex applications. It can also be further abstracted to describe other situations, not just repair.
Inertial measurement unit and biomechanical analysis of swimming: an update

The biomechanical analysis of swimming always faced impeding factors of measurement in the aquatic environment. Our current knowledge of swimming locomotion is very much owing to employing video cameras to capture the body kinematics. Nevertheless, the recent improvements in wearable inertial sensor technology and signal processing techniques offer us a whole new range of measurement setups that were not realizable beforehand. The principal aim of this paper is to present the inertial sensor based systems that are used in the study of swimming biomechanics. In this manuscript we briefly introduce the other existing technologies used in analysis of swimming and the necessity of having an easy to use, reliable and affordable system. Then we highlight the application of inertial sensors in estimation of temporal phases of swimming and also estimation of performance metrics. The perspective of the inertial sensors applications in the swimming studies is eventually discussed. Our concluding remarks advocate the potentials of inertial sensors as a tool for coaches to design the optimal personal training plan for trainees.
Incorporating distributed generation into distribution network planning : the challenges and opportunities for distribution network operators

Diversification of the energy mix is one of the main challenges in the energy agenda of governments worldwide. Technology advances together with environmental concerns have paved the way for the increasing integration of Distributed Generation (DG) seen over recent years. Combined heat and power and renewable technologies are being encouraged and their penetration in distribution networks is increasing. This scenario presents Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) with several technical challenges in order to properly accommodate DG developments. However, depending on various factors, such as location, size, technology and robustness of the network, DG might also be beneficial to DNOs. In this thesis, the impact of DG on network planning is analysed and the implications for DNOs in incorporating DG within the network planning process are identified. In the first part, various impacts of DG to the network, such as network thermal capacity release, security of supply and on voltage, are quantified through network planning by using a modified successive elimination method and voltage sensitivity analysis. The results would potentially assist DNOs in assessing the possibilities and effort required to utilise privately-owned DG to improve network efficiency and save investment. The quantified values would also act as a fundamental element in deriving effective distribution network charging schemes. In the second part, a novel balanced genetic algorithm is introduced as an efficient means of tackling the problem of optimum network planning considering future uncertainties. The approach is used to analyse the possibilities, potential benefits and challenges to strategic network planning by considering the presence of DG in the future when the characteristics of DG are uncertain.
Structural Modelling of the Relationship between the Vulnerability of Ukrainian Regions to COVID-19, Environmental Status and Factors of Readiness of the Medical System

The division of the regions of Ukraine into “red”, “orange”, “yellow” and “green” zones are the consequences of the differentiated regional impact of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, but the reasons for such different vulnerabilities have not been clarified yet. The purpose of the study is to construct a system of regression equations containing implicit variables that are common characteristics of industries and help to analyse relationships in a complex system. The methodological tools of the study were: review of current scientific trends using VOSViewer 1.6. 10, the main component method, which allows selecting the most significant factors and model with structural equations that reflect the relationship between the three areas of activity. 25 oblasts of Ukraine were selected as the object of the study, since they have different levels of vulnerability to the pandemic and can become a model for studying the regional differentiation of any country. The study presents the results of an empirical analysis of the structure of three areas of activity of the country. Modelling of structural equations to establish the relationship between the factors of vulnerability of the regions of Ukraine from the COVID-19 pandemic, the environmental state and the state of readiness of the medical system is carried out. It is theoretically substantiated that there is a direct connection between the studied areas: environmental, medical and epidemiological, and that deterioration in one industry leads to deterioration in another. The results obtained prove that it is possible to influence the differentiated course of the pandemic, but not after the event. A consistent increase in funding from the state budget for healthcare would have a greater effect, with sufficient financial support for environmental protection. The choice of state strategies must be approached comprehensively, because a narrow reform of the system, such as medical, will not give the maximum effect, without an innovative policy in the field of ecology
Web 2.0 applications in enterprises and education

Web 2.0 technology and concepts are being used increasingly by organisations to enhance knowledge, efficiency, engagement and reputation. Understanding the concepts of Web 2.0, its characteristics, and how the technology and concepts can be adopted, is essential to successfully reap the potential benefits. In fact, there is a debate about using the Web 2.0 idiom to refer to the concept behind it; however, this term is widely used in literature as well as in industry. In this paper, the definition of Web 2.0 technology, its characteristics and the attributes, will be presented. In addition, the adoption of such technology is further explored through the presentation of two separate case examples of Web 2.0 being used: to enhance an enterprise; and to enhance university teaching. The similarities between these implementations are identified and discussed, including how the findings point to generic principles of adoption.
A detecting method for line-spectrum target based on variance-of-frequency weight

CBF(Conventional Beam Forming) array processing is the optimal detecting system while only one target presented in omni-directional ambient noise.However,its performances degrade in complex condition of multi-target interferes.Base on the character that the radiated noise of passive target contains high intensive and stable line spectrum, the paper puts forward CBF Variance-of-Frequency Detector,which weighs bearing spectrum using the variance of peak frequency of each azimuth.It is able to suppress multi-target interferes effectively,and detect faint signal in the background of strong interferes.What's more,CBF Variance-of-Frequency Detector only needs three-dimensional display,while other line-spectrum detectors require for four-dimensional.The simulation and trial results show that the CBF Variance-of-Frequency Detector is able to detect line-spectrum target in the background of multitudinous and strong interferes.
Technology needs for high-speed rotorcraft

A study to determine the technology development required for high-speed rotorcraft development was conducted. The study begins with an initial assessment of six concepts capable of flight at, or greater than 450 knots with helicopter-like hover efficiency (disk loading less than 50 pfs). These concepts were sized and evaluated based on measures of effectiveness and operational considerations. Additionally, an initial assessment of the impact of technology advances on the vehicles attributes was made. From these initial concepts a tilt wing and rotor/wing concepts were selected for further evaluation. A more detailed examination of conversion and technology trade studies were conducted on these two vehicles, each sized for a different mission.
Insight into friction and lubrication performances of surface-textured cylinder liners and piston rings

The effects of surface-texture technology on the friction and lubrication mechanism of cylinder liner-piston rings (CLPR) were explored in this study. An inclined groove texture was machined on the CL of a S195 diesel engine and dimples designed on the gas ring. Friction and wear tests of nontextured (NT), CL textured (CLT), and PR textured (PRT) conditions were performed on a CLTR friction and wear tester under different temperatures. First, the characteristics of friction and lubrication at different temperatures were analyzed by examining friction and contact resistance. Then, the wear characteristics were analyzed by examining surface morphology parameters of the CL and the PR wear mass after testing. Finally, the friction and lubrication mechanisms of NT, CLT, and PRT were studied by analyses of real-time friction and contact resistance in one cycle. The results showed that, under the same temperature, CLT and PRT increased oil film thickness, improved the lubrication state, and reduced friction, with CLT better than PRT in these respects. With increased temperature, the wear degree of CL liners became larger. The existence of surface texture reduced CL wear, yielded CL surface morphology not excessively changed by temperature, and improved its supporting performance and oil storage capacity. The inlet suction effect, structural effect, micro-wedge action, balancing wedge action, squeezing effect, and cavitation effect should be taken into account together when exploring the mechanism of the influence of surface texture on friction pairs. This study provided a method for scholars to explore the friction and lubrication mechanism of different texture types and provided an experimental basis for improving the performance of CLPR friction pairs.
Just Enough Requirements Management: Where Software Development Meets Marketing

Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing just enough requirements management where software development meets marketing as the reading material.
Passive multistatic detection of maritime targets using opportunistic radars

Abstract : Passive multistatic radar (PMR) makes use of transmission from opportunistic radars to detect targets. In this thesis, a maritime scenario is created with multiple merchant vessels transmitting at S-band (3 GHz), serving as opportunistic radars and a frigate-size warship acting as the PMR receiver and to detect a low-radar cross-section (RCS) target. The simulations are carried out with actual technical parameters from open sources to best approximate practical performance. To further improve realism, the bistatic RCS simulation of the stealthy Republic of Singapore Navy Formidable-class frigate was included to validate the results. The simulation results show that the multistatic geometry of four opportunistic transmitters at the same range from the passive receiver with 90-degree separation offers the best coverage. Passive detection of a target of up to a radial range of 30 km with detection coverage of 85% or better is possible. This range coverage is similar to that of the monostatic radar but lacks in the area of detection coverage. The simulations also demonstrated that the detection accuracy is also the highest using this same geometry. The worst-case uncertainty ellipse around the low-RCS target is less than 150 m.
Cognitive radio for coexistence of heterogeneous wireless networks

In a scenario where multiple wireless networks of different technologies are available, this work addresses the problem of the design of a cognitive engine, core of a cognitive radio device, able to perform the surrounding radio environment recognition and the network selection with the final goal of maximization of final user Quality of Experience (QoE). Particular focus is put on the requirement of simplicity of all the elements involved, from hardware to algorithms, in order to keep in mind the importance of its practical realizability.Two aspects were investigated. For the surrounding radio environment recognition step, a network identification and automatic classification method based on MAC layer features was proposed and tested. As regards the network selection, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), i.e. application layer parameters, were considered in order to obtain the desired goal of QoE. A general model for network selection was proposed and tested for different traffic types, both with simulations and a practical realization of a demonstrator (implemented as an application for Android OS). Moreover, as a consequence of the originated problem of when measuring to estimate a network performance and when effectively using the network for data transmission and reception purposes, the multi-armed bandit problem (MAB) was applied to this context and a new MAB model was proposed, in order to better fit the considered real cases scenarios. The impact of the new model, that introduces the distinction of two different actions, to measure and to use, was tested through simulations using algorithms already available in literature and two specifically designed algorithms.
A scoping review of 2019 Novel Coronavirus during the early outbreak period: Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control

Background: The 2019-nCoV has been identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning in December 2019. This epidemic had spread to 19 countries with 11791 confirmed cases, including 213 deaths, as of January 31, 2020. The World Health Organization declared it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.Methods: A scoping review of 65 research articles published until January 31, 2020 were analyzed and discussed for a better understanding of the epidemiology, causes, clinical diagnosis, prevention and control of this virus. The research domains, publishing dates, journal language, and authors’ affiliations, as well as methodological characteristics were analyzed. All findings and statements that are mentioned regarding the outbreak in this review are based on published information as listed in the references.Results: Most of the publications were in English language (89.23%). The largest proportion of articles were related to causes (38.46%) and majority (67.69%), and were published by Chinese scholars. Research articles initially focused on causes while there was an increase of the articles related to prevention and control over time. Studies thus far have shown origination in connection to a seafood market in Wuhan, but specific animal association has not been confirmed. The reported symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Preventive measures such as masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines are being discussed for reducing the transmission. To date, no specific antiviral treatment is proven effective, hence, infected people primarily rely on symptomatic treatment and supportive care. Conclusions: There has been a rapid surge in research in response to the outbreak of 2019-nCoV. During this early period, published research primarily explored the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus. Although these studies had relevance to the control of a public emergency, more high-quality research need to be conducted to provide valid and reliable ways to manage this kind of public health emergency in both short-and long-terms.
Molecular Characterization of Echovirus 30 Isolated from Environment in North India

BackgroundEchovirus 30 (E30) causes acute aseptic meningitis. Enteroviruses (EVs) are responsible for 30,000 to 50,000 hospitalizations for aseptic meningitis per year in the United States. E30 is one of the most frequently isolated EVs, causing extensive outbreaks in temperate climates in several countries. MethodsE30 used in this study was isolated from environmental specimens. The virus was confirmed by RT-PCR with specific primers (1). Virus stock was prepared by infecting RD cells in 25 cm2 flasks (Corning Inc. USA). Virus infected and mock infected cells were incubated at 36.5 ºC with 2% MEM. After 48 h of infection, the culture was aliquoted and kept at-80 ºC for further use.ResultsThis present work analyzed the E30 genetic diversity in a fragment of 217 nucleotides of the VP1 region, of environmental strains. The environmental samples of echovirus 30 show mutation in the nonfunctional polyprotein protein (Fig. 1). The result suggested that the information may be obtained by analyzing only a part of the VP1 region.ConclusionThe present study showed that the E30 environmental sample is more divergent to prototype Bastianni strain.
Wideband Multiport Matching Phase I: Single-Feed Multiport Antennas

Abstract : Impedance matching is a canonical problem in electrical engineering. The problem is to maximize power flowing from a generator to a load with an adroit design of a matching network. Typically, matching problems use a single-port load. In contrast, this report develops matching for a load with multiple ports. The specific multiport load is a three-wire antenna. Each wire has a feed port so that the load is a 3-port. The matching problem is to find a matching network that maximizes power flow from a single feed to all three ports across a wide frequency band (100-700 MHz). Unexpectedly, several theoretical matching multiports were found that gave excellent wideband performance. Consequently, this serendipitous result opens several directions of opportunity. One direction aims at the enhancing the antenna's wideband performance. Understanding the physical phenomenon of coupling between the wires, the physical geometry of the wires, and a Pareto theory for maximal bandwidth and minimal size are all significant research topics. Another direction aims at the matching networks because of the gaps in theory and practical design. Specific and detailed formulation of these research opportunities is made explicit in this report.