Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network State Classification based on the Statistical properties of RTT for an Adaptive Multi-State Proactive Transport Protocol for Satellite based Networks

— This paper attempts to establish the fact that Multi State Network Classification is essential for performance enhancement of Transport protocols over Satellite based Networks. A model to classify Multi State network condition taking into consideration both congestion and channel error is evolved. In order to arrive at such a model an analysis of the impact of congestion and channel error on RTT values has been carried out using ns2. The analysis results are also reported in the paper. The inference drawn from this analysis is used to develop a novel statistical RTT based model for multi state network classification. An Adaptive Multi State Proactive Transport Protocol consisting of Proactive Slow Start, State based Error Recovery, Timeout Action and Proactive Reduction is proposed which uses the multi state network state classification model. This paper also confirms through detail simulation and analysis that a prior knowledge about the overall characteristics of the network helps in enhancing the performance of the protocol over satellite channel which is significantly affected due to channel noise and congestion. The necessary augmentation of ns2 simulator is done for simulating the multi state network classification logic. This simulation has been used in detail evaluation of the protocol under varied levels of congestion and channel noise. The performance enhancement of this protocol with reference to established protocols namely TCP SACK and Vegas has been discussed. The results as discussed in this paper clearly reveal that the proposed protocol always outperforms its peers and show a significant improvement in very high error conditions as envisaged in the design of the protocol.
A review on conversion of food wastes and by- products into value added products

Food production and processing in developing countries generate high levels of waste and byproducts, causing a negative environmental impact and significant expenses. Conversion of these food wastes and by-products into value added products is very important for not only economic aspect but also social and environmental sides. 3R’s concept, i.e., Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle should be follow to overcome food waste issue in food industry. However, these biomaterials have ample potential for generating food additives which in turn will minimize malnutrition and hunger in the developing countries where it is produced. Many of these biomaterials are a source of valuable compounds such as proteins, lipids, starch, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and dietary fibers. In this context, the use of these biomaterials is a challenge and provides great opportunity to improve food security. The purpose of this review is to project the potential of food waste and byproducts as a sustainable alternative to reduce malnutrition and hunger in developing countries.
BIODEGRADABILITY STUDIES OF COMPOSITES OF SBR REINFORCED WITH MODIFIED PEANUT SHELL POWDER

The development of biocomposites and their applications are important in material science due to environmental and sustainability concerns. The extent of degradation depends on the nature of reinforcing filler, particle size and their modification. In this chapter, it is tried to focus on the biodegradation of composites of SBR reinforced with PSP by soil burial test. The composites of SBR with UPSP, SPSP and MPSP of 10 phr and 20 phr filler loading in two particle sizes were buried in garden soil for six months. The microbial degradation was assessed through the measurement of weight loss, tensile strength and hardness at definite period. The study shows that degradation increases with increase in filler loading and particle size. The chemical treatment of filler has been found to resist the degradation. The water sorption studies of the composites support the observations in soil burial test. The morphological characteristics by the SEM also confirmed biodegradation process by the microorganism present in the soil. Chapter 7: Biodegradability studies 189 7.
Protein classification by using four approaches for extraction of the protein ray-based descriptor

—The knowledge about the protein molecules, and how they influence the processes in the humans is very worth, because it is really needed in order to develop new drugs for diseases. In proteomics, one of the most important tasks is solving the problem of classification of protein molecules. The literature provides plethora of methods that could be used for this task. However, it is still an open issue where still there is a need for fast computational methods that would provide accurate classification of proteins. In this paper, we focus on solving this task. For that purpose, first, we extract feature vectors that hold information about the main features of the proteins. The feature vectors that are used in this study are obtained by following the procedure for extraction of our protein ray-based descriptor that we have introduced in our former studies. For that purpose, the skeleton of the protein is interpolated with predefined number of interpolation points, and then the elements of the feature vector are extracted as Euclidean distances between the interpolation points and center of mass. Besides this approach, in this study we also use three additional approaches for extraction of the feature vectors, where we focus on the change of the Euclidean distance to the center of mass between two consecutive interpolation points. After extracting feature vectors, next we apply several well-known classification methods in order to generate classification model. We present the results obtained with these four approaches used for extraction of the feature vectors.
Preparation of dextran cryogels for separation processes of binary dye and pesticide mixtures from aqueous solutions

Funding information Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Grant/Award Number: COMU BAP FYL2019-2816/ Abstract We present mechanically strong macroporous, squeezable dextran cryogels as a column filling material for the removal and separation of binary organic dye and pesticide mixtures from aquatic medium. Dextran cryogels were prepared from aqueous solutions of dextran of various molecular weights (MWs) in the presence of 20 to 50 mol% divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a cross-linker at −18 C. The cryogels have interconnected irregular pores of 100 μm in sizes, and exhibit 69-84% reversible squeezability without damaging the 3D dextran network. Their total open pore volumes (6.3-10 mL g), weight swelling ratios in water (1380%-2200%), and mechanical parameters could easily be adjusted by both DVS mol% and MW of dextran. Dextran cryogel with the highest modulus (3.8 ± 0.5 MPa), compressive stress (8 ± 2 MPa) and plateau stress (0.46 ± 0.04 MPa) was obtained at 50 mol% DVS using dextran with a MW of 15 to 25 kg·mol. Dextran cryogels are hydrolysable at pH = 1 and 9 but stable at 7.4 independent on both the degree of cross-linking and MW of dextran. At below 50 mol% DVS, they are blood compatible and possess slight thrombogenic effect with blood clotting index value of 98% ± 5%. They are also capable to separate binary dye and pesticide mixtures from aqueous solutions via ionic interactions.
Structure and diversity of SAL dominating tropical deciduous forest of Chhattisgarh, India

The present study was conducted to investigate the stand structure and diversity in four different sites of Sal dominating forest in tropical Deciduous Forest. Vegetation structure, composition, and diversity were recorded in four sites. The forest was characterized with 33.5-46.8 m ha trees and 0.31-0.35 m ha sapling basal cover. Species richness and diversity for tree, sapling and seedling layer decreased with decreasing quality of sites and follows in order of site I> site II> site III > site IV, respectively. Concentration of dominance was followed in similar trends except beta diversity. However, site quality represents the nature and characteristics of soils which reflects the structure and diversity of forest.
Effects of Different Concentrations of Homologous Probiotics on Small Intestinal Structure of 21-day-old Broilers

This test was conducted to study the effects of different doses of homologous probiotics on intestinal mucosa structure of 21-day-old broilers. A total of1 500 one-day-old AA broilers with similar weight were randomly divided into five groups,with 10 replicates in each group and 30 broilers( half males and half females) in each replicate. The broilers were fed with the diets containing five kinds of different doses of homologous probiotics. The broilers ate and drank freely during the test. The test lasted for 21 days. Histological and histochemical methods were taken to measure villi length,mucosal thickness,wall thickness and the ratio of villi length to crypt depth( V / C) of duodenum,jejunum and ileum of the 21-day-old broilers. The results showed that,the effects of 0. 3% homologous probiotics on the intestinal mucosal structrue of 21-day-old broilers were the best,and values of villi length,V / C,mucosal thickness and intestinal wall thickness in the 0. 3% homologous probiotics group reached the maximum. The effects on improving and enhancing the digestion and absorption of the broiler small intestine in the 0. 3% homologous probiotics group were the best.
Post-industrial cities: towards a new approach

The Louvre-Lens, Pompidou-Metz, The Cité du Design in Saint-Etienne, Marseille as European Capital of Culture: in old industrial cities faced with large-scale material hardship (unemployment, run-down buildings, impoverishment of part of the population), the elites are increasingly choosing to devote significant resources to symbolic goods (by constructing prestigious buildings, for instance), which furthermore are often intangible (advertising campaigns, festivals), with the aim of improving the image of their city. However, the effectiveness of “reimaging” for those cities hardest hit by deindustrialisation seems altogether relative – some researchers have likened it to “lipstick on a gorilla” (Neill 1995). How, then, are we to interpret these investment choices? To answer this question, we need to consider image policies, i.e. policies aimed at changing the way the city is perceived by the local local population or by target audiences outside the city. Broadly speaking, there are two dominant types of approach, which are usually presented as contradictory and mutually critical. On the one hand, the French disciplines related to the city (political science and geography) adopt a “micro” approach, emphasising social, spatial and political changes at local level. On the other hand, English-speaking urban studies adopt a “macro” approach, highlighting the role of changes in capitalism. And yet not only do these two research traditions prove to be complementary, but the combination of their respective contributions can also improve our understanding of the way urban power and urban policies have evolved over a long time frame. This is what one study has shown in the cases of Roubaix (near Lille in northern France) and Sheffield (in Yorkshire in northern England). Despite significant differences in local and national contexts, combining the two research traditions highlights a similar change in register in terms of municipal action in both cities from the Second World War to the present.
The Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach.

contemporary theory of aging. Unfortunately, despite the author 's best attempts to clarify his theory with respect to other theories, it still appears (to me) to be a vague concept. Fresh ideas in gerontology are certainly welcome. However, if they are to be widely accepted, they must be clearly explained and readily understood by other gerontologists who are not necessarily specialists in the field in question. Unfortunately, the evolutionary theory has not yet been clearly explained to those of us who are not evolutionary biologists. Thus, despite this book's being the most comprehensive review ever published on the subject, I still agree with Hart and Turturro's statement (1985) that 'the interesting but as yet unconvincing work of R o s e . on evolutionary theories of aging has, unfortunately, not yet been elaborated'. Nevertheless, the book is a provocative one and should be read by biologists and gerontologists interested in theories of aging. It is reasonably priced considering the specialized nature of the book and this should foster its wider dissemination.
Chemical constituents of the root of Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the root of Actinidia chinensis Planch. Methods: The constituents were isolated by silica gel chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography and their structures were elucidated by chemical properties and spectral analysis. Results: Ten compounds were isolated and their structures were identified to be β-sitosterol(Ⅰ); ursolic acid(Ⅱ); oleanolic acid(Ⅲ); daucosterol(Ⅳ); coumalic acid(Ⅴ); p-hydroxybenzoic acid(Ⅵ); indole-3-carboxylic acid(Ⅶ); 2α,3α,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(Ⅷ); 2α,3α,19α,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(Ⅸ); 2α,3α,24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(Ⅹ). Conclusion: Compounds Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Detection of somaclonal variation in micropropagated Hibiscus sabdariffa L. using RAPD markers

The main objective of micropropagation is to produce clones i.e. plants which are phenotypically and genetically identical to the mother plants. The culture of organized meristems usually guarantees the production of true-to-type plants but variations in the progenies have been widely reported. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. plants were regenerated on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium containing BAP (Benzyl amino purine) and IBA (Indole 3 butyric acid) and were propagated in vitro on hormone-free MS medium. The aim of this study was to detect variation in micropropagated plantlets of Hibiscus sabdariffa using RAPD amplification. DNA extraction from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. plants was optimized using CTAB buffer supplemented with 5M NaCl to eliminate polysaccharides and the isolated DNA proved amenable to PCR amplification. RAPD analysis was carried out on DNA samples to compare the mother plant with 10 randomly selected regenerated plants. Out of 30 primers screened, primers OPB-01, OPX-06 and DK-02 produced polymorphic bands. These results show that RAPD is a suitable technique which can be used to detect genetic change caused by somaclonal variation and could be promising for the selection of desirable traits or transformation systems. Keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. In vitro culture. RAPD, Somaclonal Variation
Belief system towards mathematics present in future teachers. A comparative study

This comparative study focuses on the analysis of present beliefs in future mathematics teachers in three different educational institutions. It applies an instrument that analyzes the beliefs he or she holds about the nature of mathematics, about himself or herself as a mathematics learner, about the mathematics teacher, and those raised by his or her family context. It is identified as the main finding that the like for the subject influences the choice of the professional program to be studied, but with the passage of time his understanding, his competences and his vocation for teaching increases. key words: affective domain, beliefs towards mathematics, teachers in training Resumen Este estudio comparativo centra su interés en el análisis de las creencias presentes en los futuros docentes de matemáticas en tres instituciones educativas diferentes. Se aplica un instrumento que analiza las creencias que posee sobre la naturaleza de las matemáticas, acerca de sí mismo como aprendiza de matemáticas, acerca del profesor de matemáticas y las suscitadas por su contexto familiar. Se identifica como principal hallazgo que el gusto por la asignatura influye en la elección del programa profesional a estudiar, asimismo, que con el paso del tiempo aumenta su entendimiento, el desarrollo de las competencias asociadas y su vocación por la enseñanza. Palabras clave: dominio afectivo, creencias hacia las matemáticas, docentes en formación.
Developing MODIS time series for monitoring vegetation conditions: preliminary results

Satellite remote sensing imagery is being widely used in monitoring human induced or phenological changes in natural and agricultural environments. Inner-annual variations in vegetation conditions can be systematically studied with the use of frequently acquired data, thus offering the potential for operational monitoring of these changes. Such is the case of MODIS sensor, which provides daily images of the land surface and vegetation index products at various spatial resolutions. In this paper, 250 m MODIS daily images were used to generate 16-day composite NDVI time-series for five selected sites in Greece, representing different types of natural and managed vegetation. Specific objectives were to investigate the response of the composites to the seasonal changes of vegetation for the time period from May 2003 to October 2003, and whether variations between vegetation types are detected. Additionally, a comparison was conducted to examine the level of similarity between the 16-day NDVI composites produced and the standard MODIS VI products (MOD13Q1). The results displayed a relatively good response to phenological development and variations were described satisfactorily, while significant differences between the composites occurred for most of the test sites. The noise observed in the NDVI trends hindered a more precise vegetation analysis, however, the reduction or removal of irregularities is a subject for future work.
Pressure and temperature dependence of the absorption in longwave radiation parameterizations

On presente un schema radiatif de grandes longueurs d'onde dans lequel l'integration sur la longueur d'onde est effectuee a l'aide de transmittivites calculees sur des intervalles spectraux larges et prenant en compte les variations de pression et de temperature le long des trajets optiques. Ce schema est derive d'un modele detaille a intervalle spectraux etroits et utilise un integration verticale hybride
Parallelization of Machine Learning Methods by Using CUDA

– Image analysis, data mining, protein folding and gene sequencing are some examples of high-intensive bioinformatics applications that require high computing resources. In this paper we present a problem of computationally intensive methodology for microarray data analysis, whose performance needs to be improved by using high performance computing techniques. Parallelization is a key computing technique for reducing the time required for the analyses and the classification procedure. GPU provides great level of parallelization based on throughput of vast amount of data needed for machine learning problems. Therefore, we propose a model for machine learning problems parallelization based on GPU programming that will increase the speedup of several stages of the machine learning process.
Effect of non-genetic factors on voluntary and involuntary culling in Holstein Friesian crossbred cattle

The present study focused on analysis of annual disposal pattern and identification of non-genetic factors affecting the incidence of culling in Holstein Friesian crossbred cattle. Data on disposal pattern of 1988 Karan Fries (Holstein Friesian crossbred) cows, spread over a period of 34 years (1978 to 2012), were utilized for the study. Culling was classified into 2 groups viz. voluntary (low milk production) and involuntary culling. Reasons of involuntary culling were categorized into locomotory problem (LP), poor health and weakness (PHW), teat and udder problem (TUP) and reproductive problem (RP). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the effect of various non-genetic factors viz. number of normal lactations completed (NLC), calving type (CT), season of calving (SC) and period of calving (PC) on incidence of culling in various parities. The analysis of annual disposal pattern of the Karan Fries cows, revealed that the average annual replacement index, annual culling rate and annual disposal rate in the herd was 1.46, 24.40 and 29.80% per annum, respectively. Odd ratio estimates indicated that young calvers which did not complete atleast one normal lactation were 1.83 times more prone to culling because of PHW and were 0.95 and 0.33 times lesser prone to culling due to RP and LMP, respectively. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the role of non-genetic factors in prediction of culling increased with parities and the logistic regression was efficient in predicting the incidence of parity wise culling, due to different involuntary causes, in Karan Fries cattle.
A solid phase method for extracting DNA from whole blood

Objective To search a simple,rapid method for extracting DNA from whole blood.Methods GuSCN-silica gels procedure was used to isolate DNA from whole blood and compared with conventional phenol-chloroform extraction method.Results The characteristics of quality (e.g.,purity,bands in electrophoresis,effect of restrict endonuclease and results of PCR)of DNA obtained by the GuSCN-silica gels method was comparable to those obtained by phenol-chloroform extraction,but the quantity of DNA obtained by GuSCN-silica gels method was more than that of phenol-chloroform extraction.The DNA extracted by the two methods has been successfully used for PCR and enzyme digestion,in which the results were completely coincident.Conclusion The GuSCN-silica gels procedure is a simple,rapid and efficient method for extra ction of genomic DNA from whole blood.
Design and Implementation of Solar Emulator for Photovoltaic Module

The paper describes the design and implementation of a solar photovoltaic (PV) emulator for educational purpose. A solar emulator system is a useful tool in order to estimate power losses due to a daylight period while the photovoltaic panel has a fixed position. Usually, the photovoltaic panels have a fixed position and can’t capture the maximum from the solar energy. The proposed solar photovoltaic emulator can be used to determine the optimal position of photovoltaic panel related to the Sun, in order to have the maximum power given by solar pane. However, detailed testing with actual solar panels is required to accurately establish the performance of MPPTs. This could be a difficult and time consuming task, especially for medium and high power ratings, owing to constraining factors such as panel sizes, panel availability, testing area, daylight hours etc. An alternative to this is the use of Solar Panel Emulators (SPEs) which mimic the behavior of the panel with a reasonable accuracy. These emulators can be used to test circuits indoors for a variety of power ratings and I-V profiles while being significantly smaller in size. The proposed circuit is simulated and then tested with loads of up to 1kW with satisfactory results.