Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Communicating Ethical Arguments to Organic Consumers: A Study Across Five European Countries

Additional ethical claims were tested with mock organic egg labels in five EU countries. The attitudes towards the advertising labels were assessed by multiple copy testing measures. A total of 156 individual responses were analysed. The study confirms the difficulty of conducting advertising research in a multicultural framework, and shows that additional local/ regional claims can reinforce the appeal of organic products.
Gender Differences in Current and Starting Salaries: The Role of Performance, College Major, and Job Title

This study examines starting and current salaries of exempt employees hired between 1976 and 1986 by a large, private firm. In 1986 the ratio of women's salaries to men's was 88%. With controls for year of hire, potential experience, degree, college major, firm tenure, performance, and job title, the ratio is 94–95% for the full sample and 97–98% for college graduates. Women's 1986 salary disadvantage can be traced largely to their salary disadvantage at the time of hire: with an adjustment for starting salary, the 1986 salary ratio rises to 96–99% for the full sample and 98–100% for college graduates. The apparently greater female disadvantage in starting salary than in subsequent salary growth may stem from the smaller amount of job-relevant information available on applicants than on current employees.
Molecular differentiation of the B biotype from other biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), based on internally transcribed spacer 1 sequences

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a worldwide pest of vegetable, ornamental and field crops. Biotype B of B. tabaci, which is economically most important of the biotypes, is distinct from all other biotypes (non-B biotypes). Fourteen populations of B. tabaci were collected from different localities and host plants in the Chinese mainland and Taiwan, namely TWYDH (tassel flower, Taiwan), HNYC (tobacco, Hainan), GXNG (pumpkin, Guangxi), GDYPH (poinsettia, Guangdong), GDBSM (croton, Guangdong), GDFS (Chinese hibiscus, Guangdong), SHYPH (poinsettia, Shanghai), FJGS (sweet potato, Fujian), SDFQ (tomato, Shandong), BJXHL (squash, Beijing), XJQZ (eggplant, Xinjiang), XJYPH (poinsettia, Xinjiang), XJJM (abutilon, Xinjiang) and XJMH (cotton, Xinjiang). The internally transcribed spacer 1 sequences (ITS1) of ribosomal DNA of B biotype and other biotypes were sequenced and analyzed. The B biotype-specific primers were then designed for rapid identification of B biotype of B. tabaci. The results show that the diagnostic primer only gave a positive result with the B biotype. This is the first report of a rapid means of identifying B. tabaci B biotype using a diagnostic primer based on ribosomal DNA. This protocol is especially useful for identifying the B biotype in Bemisia populations consisting of several biotypes.
Willingness to pay for P.D.O. certification: an empirical investigation

The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumer preferences and estimate their willingness to pay (WTP) for P.D. O. (Protected Designation of Origin) certification. The original contribution of this analysis is the evidence provided on regional differences among consumers in their evaluations. We interpret this result as the higher level of information available to consumers that live in the production region of the food product in question, thus giving less value to P.D. O. certification. The product that this study focuses on is Italian P.D. O. Fontina cheese. In order to conduct the study, we collected original data that we analyze through the conjoint analysis technique.
Estimates of the displacement deadweight loss from tax evasion: a firm survey approach using data from the Czech Republic

In the presence of the underground economy taxes give rise to a deadweight loss from displacement of efficient producers by inefficient producers. We consider an economy in which a producer faces two types of costs: the cost of production, and taxes. If the ability to evade taxes is inversely proportional to the ability to keep production costs down, high tax rates may cause inefficient producers to crowd out efficient producers. We estimate this deadweight loss from a survey of one hundred and seven Czech firms taken in 2004. We find that the deadweight loss due to this crowding out can be several times as large as the triangle deadweight losses from discouraged consumption. Our paper provides the first estimates ever of the displacement loss from tax evasion as elaborated by Palda (1998, 2001, 2002).
Towards a better understanding of how effective IT governance leads to business value : a literature review and future research directions

This paper reviews the existing literature on IT governance to assess whether IT governance has contributed to delivering business value from IT and if so, how. The conducted literature review has shown the scarce number of studies that focus on why and how effective IT governance may lead to business value. By using a structured literature review analysis, the paper has offered a number of insights to the topic of IT governance: a) provided a systematic definition of effective IT governance based on a multi-dimensional framework, b) listed benefits of effective IT governance, and c) identified mechanisms that lead effective IT governance to those benefits. This paper takes a step towards addressing the ‘why’ and ‘how’ knowledge gaps by synthesising the fragmented knowledge to provide the best that is known about the subject and to identify future research directions.
Can observation of climatic variables be used to predict the flight dispersal rates of Prostephanus truncatus?

Abstract 1 Attack by Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on the maize and cassava stored by small‐holder farmers in Africa is sporadic, varying considerably within and between years. The risk that food in store will become infested is related to the number of beetles dispersing by flight. A means of predicting years with high dispersal rates is needed to warn farmers when to be vigilant.
Implementing Simple Slope Techniques to Interaction of Work Variables

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different levels of Organizational Identification (OI) and Education variables as moderators on the relationship between Percived External Prestige (PEP) and Organizational Commitment (OC). Study carried out among 206 white collor employees who were working automotive industry firms in Bursa/Turkey. In related literature some researchers displayed that PEP association with OC by moderetor role of Organizational Identification. Thus we accepted this model and investigate the impact of diffrent level of moderator variable(s) on focal predictor . For this purpose, we used best subset regression procedure and simple slope tecniques for identify the different levels effects of moderator variables. The results showed that Education and OI were not only basic moderators but also their different levels have produced remarkable and various impacts on PEP and OC relationship.
Flexible Fuel Vehicles, Less Flexible Minded Consumers: Price Information Experiments at the Pump

This paper addresses a puzzle: why do many of Brazil's energy consumers driving "flexible fuel" gasoline-ethanol vehicles forgo energy savings at the pump, choosing the fuel that yields the lower mileage per dollar of spending, in some cases by a substantial margin? In a large-scale set of randomized experiments with 10,400 consumers at the pump -- the first of its kind -- I raise the salience of the price difference across both fuels, just as the consumer pulls up. The largest treatment effect I obtain is to shift one-tenth of consumers, who absent the intervention would have chosen expensive gasoline, to instead choose very favorably priced ethanol. While statistically significant, this shift is small compared with the higher likelihood that the favorably priced fuel is chosen among college-educated subjects relative to their less schooled counterparts. I estimate the increase in consumer welfare from mandating higher price salience at the pump to be equivalent to a 1 to 3% (general) reduction in fuel prices, depending on the relative price point.
Development of Multi-Objective Simulation-Based Genetic Algorithm for Supply Chain Cyclic Planning and Optimisation

This paper develops a multi-objective simulation-based genetic algorithm (MOSGA) for multi- echelon supply chain cyclic planning and optimisation. The problem involves a search in high dimen- sional space with different ranges for decision variables scales, multiple objectives and problem specific constraints, such as power-of-two and nested/inverted-nested planning policies. In order to find the opti- mal solution, different parameters of genetic algorithm including the population sizing, crossover and mu- tation probabilities, selection and reproduction strategies and convergence criteria are investigated. For finding approximations of the Pareto optimal set, the non-dominated sorting approach is used.
A Comparison of the Characteristics of Planar and Axisymmetric Bluff-Body Combustors Operated under Stratified Inlet Mixture Conditions

The work presents comparisons of the flame stabilization characteristics of axisymmetric disk and 2D slender bluff-body burner configurations, operating with inlet mixture stratification, under ultralean conditions. A double cavity propane air premixer formed along three concentric disks, supplied with a radial equivalence ratio gradient the afterbody disk recirculation, where the first flame configuration is stabilized. Planar fuel injection along the center plane of the leading face of a slender square cylinder against the approach cross-flow results in a stratified flame configuration stabilized alongside the wake formation region in the second setup. Measurements of velocities, temperatures, and chemiluminescence, local extinction criteria, and large-eddy simulations are employed to examine a range of ultralean and close to extinction flame conditions. The variations of the reacting front disposition within these diverse reacting wake topologies, the effect of the successive suppression of heat release on the near flame region characteristics, and the reemergence of large-scale vortical activity on approach to lean blowoff (LBO) are investigated. The cross-correlation of the performance of these two popular flame holders that are at the opposite ends of current applications might offer helpful insights into more effective control measures for expanding the operational margin of a wider range of stabilization configurations.
Culture of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) with zero water exchange and no food addition: an eco-friendly approach

Juveniles (3.5 ± 0.3 g) of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were grown during 40 days with no water exchanges, no food addition and four initial densities (25, 50, 75 and 100 g m -3 , corresponding to between 8 and 32 shrimp m -2 ), to determine growth rates, which could be achieved using the periphyton growing on artificial substrates as the only food source. The experimental culture units were 12 polyethylene 1 m 3 cylindrical tanks with 4.8 m 2 of total submerged surface (bottom and walls), provided with 7.2 m 2 of artificial substrate (Aquamats™). There were no significant differences in the ammonia and nitrite concentrations determined in the four treatments (0.17-0.19 and 0.10-0.11 mg L -1 , respectively), which remained below the respective levels of concern for shrimp cultures. Mean survival was similar, and ranged from close to 91 to 97%, whereas there were significant differences in mean individual weight, which ranged from 11.9-10.6 g shrimp -1 for the two low initial densities (25 y 50 g m -3 ), to 8.3-7.7 g shrimp -1 for the other treatments. However, because of the high survival and of the higher initial density, the best biomass yield was with 100 g m -3 . The final nitrogen contents of sediment and water were lower than the initial values, and between 36 and 60% of the difference was converted into shrimp biomass.
Large-Swing 22nm Si/SiGe FDSOI Stacked Cascodes for 56GBaud Drivers and 5G PAs

High bandwidth and high datarate large-swing optical-modulator-driver and 5G-PA output stages are reported. These series-stacked n-MOS and CMOS cascodes employ a new varactor-based scheme for output resistance and output swing tuning, without affecting the imaginary part of the output impedance and without placing matching networks on the signal path. Record 18Gb/s 64-QAM constellations with EVM lower than −30 dB at 10 dBm output power were measured at 5.5 GHz and 28 GHz, as well as 112 Gb/s (4-PAM) operation with $2.4\mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{pp}}$ output swing when the cascodes are used as linear broadband optical modulator drivers. The saturated output power, $\pmb{P}_{\mathbf{SAT}}$, of a single-ended stacked CMOS stage remains larger than 17 dBm from 1 to 45 GHz, with a peak of 19 dBm and PAE of 53.8% at 5.5 GHz, without any input and output matching network. A 4x MIMO transmitter with a differential version of the stacked CMOS output stage would meet the targeted 5G $\pmb{P}_{\mathbf{SAT}}$ of 28 dBm from 0.5 to 28 GHz. These results suggest that a single CMOS transceiver and PA could cover all the 5G bands from 0.5 GHz to 45 GHz. The n-MOSFET cascodes show better PAE above 10 GHz (33.4% at 28 GHz) than the CMOS version but with 1–2 dB lower $\pmb{P}_{\text{SAT}}$ and linearity.
A New Rotor-Ball Bearing-Stator Coupling Dynamics Model for Whole Aero-Engine Vibration

In this paper, a new rotor-ball bearing-stator coupling system dynamics model is established for simulating the practical whole aero-engine vibration. The main characteristics of the new model are as follows: (I) the coupling effect between rotor, ball bearing, and stator is fully considered; (2) the elastic support and the squeeze film damper are considered ; (3) the rotor is considered as an Euler free beam of equal-section model, and its vibration is analyzed through truncating limited modes; (4) nonlinear factors of ball bearing such as the clearance of bearing, nonlinear Hertzian contact force, and the varying compliance vibration are modeled; and (5) rubbing fault between rotor and stator is considered. The Zhai method, which is a new explicit fast numerical integration method, is employed to obtain system's responses, and the whole aero-engine vibration characteristics are studied. Finally, aero-engine tester including casing is established to carry out rubbing fault experiment, the simulation results from rotor-ball bearing-stator coupling model are compared with the experiment results, and the correctness of the new model is verified to some extent.
An updated estimate of radium 228 fluxes toward the ocean: how well does it constrain the submarine groundwater discharge?

Radium 228 ( 228 Ra), an almost conservative trace isotope of the ocean, supplied from the continental shelves and removed by a known radioactive decay ( T 1/2 = 5.75 yr), can be used as a proxy to constrain shelf fluxes of other trace elements, such as nutrients, iron, or rare earth elements. In this study, we perform inverse modeling of a global 228 Ra dataset (including GEOSECS, TTO and GEOTRACES programs, and, for the first time, data from the Arctic and around the Kerguelen islands) to compute the total 228 Ra fluxes toward the ocean, using the ocean circulation obtained from the NEMO 3.6 model with a 2° resolution. We optimized the inverse calculation (source regions, cost function) and find a global estimate of the 228 Ra fluxes of 8.01–8.49 × 10 23 atoms yr −1 , lower and more precise than previous estimates. The largest fluxes are in the western North Atlantic, the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, with roughly two thirds in the Indo-Pacific basin. A first estimate in the Arctic Ocean is assessed (0.20–0.50 × 10 23 atoms yr −1 ). Local misfits between model and data in the Arctic, the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio regions could result from flaws of the ocean circulation in these regions (resolution, atmospheric forcing). As radium is enriched in groundwater, a large part of the 228 Ra shelf sources comes from submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), a major but poorly known pathway for terrestrial mineral elements, including nutrients, to the ocean. In contrast to the 228 Ra budget, the global estimate of SGD is rather unconstrained, between 1.3 and 14.7 × 10 13 m 3 yr −1 , due to high uncertainties on the other sources of 228 Ra, especially diffusion from continental shelf sediments. Better precision on SGD cannot be reached by inverse modeling until a proper way to separate the contributions of SGD and diffusion at a global scale is found.
A New Dimensional Reduction Based on Cuttlefish Algorithm for Human Cancer Gene Expression

Currently, the main problem in DNA Microarray is classification due to the thousands of numbers of genes together, and this huge number of genes can make the classification task very difficult. Therefore, feature selection is a very important task for gene classification. This paper presents a new model which uses a Cuttlefish Algorithm (CFA) to select the most informative features, while K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is used to measure the quality of the selected features that are produced by the CFA. Eight datasets are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and compared with the performance of four well-known existing classification techniques such as KNN, DT, Hidden Markov models (HMM), and SVM. The obtained results show that the proposed technique outperforms these existing techniques in five datasets among eight datasets.
Modeling Malthusian Dynamics in Pre-industrial Societies: Mathematical Modeling

The discussion about the Malthusian character of pre-industrial economies that has arisen in the recent years extensively uses simple mathematical models. This article analyzes some of these models to determine their conformity with Malthusian postulates. The author suggests two models that are more adequate for the description of Malthusian patterns. Until recently, most economic historians have tended toward the opinion that medieval economies in Eurasia had a Malthusian nature (Allen 2008: 951). However, following the publication of Lee and Anderson's (2002) work, many came to dispute this opinion. A discussion has arisen about how the available data confirm the Malthusian relationship between demographic dynamics and consumption (i.e., real wages). This discussion has largely involved simple mathematical models of Malthusian economics. In 1980, Lee published the first and most popular of these models. This model describes the relationship between the real wage, wt (consumption), and labor resources, Nt (population), using the following equation: wt = exp(μ + ρt + et) Nt -η .
Estimation of the Posture of Mobile Depth Sensor for Detecting the Ground and Walls in Terms of Initial Values

The author previously applied Extended Kalman Filter for estimating the posture of depth sensor attached to a walking person or a mobile vehicle in conjunction with the surface of the plane, where the posture of the sensor was included in the state vector of the model. However, it could not adapt to situations when the initial value of Extended Kalman Filter was not appropriate. The initial value of the Extended Kalman Filter strongly affects the filtering results, especially for the model when the domain of the state vector has several groups. Different starting point leads to different results. In this paper, setting method of the initial value of the algorithm is proposed. Trial and error approach has proven to work well and has a good property to adapt to various situations. By defining the reset conditions differently, it is shown that the system can detect different surfaces.
The Efficacy and Safety of Acarbose compared with Voglibose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Acarbose and voglibose are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and they are an effective therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Our aim is to directly compare the efficacy and safety of acarbose and voglibose for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We searched the international web databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) with an English language restriction (up to August, 2016). In addition, we checked bibliographies of each included study and the latest reviews to identify additional studies. For each clinical outcome, dichotomous data were analyzed by using the risk ratio (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Continuous outcomes measured on the same scale and units were analyzed by using weighted mean differences (WMD) with the 95% confidence interval (CI); if continuous outcomes were measured on the different scale or units, it were analyzed by using standardised mean differences (SMD) with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: There are no differences in glycemic control between acarbose and voglibose while adverse events in acarbose group were higher than voglibose group.Conclusion: Our limited evidence finds that voglibose is more suitable for the treatment of type 2 diabetes compared with acarbose. Further well-designed and multicentric RCTs with larger sample are required to confirm these findings.
Thinning effects on forest productivity and site characteristics in stands of Pinus sylvestris in the Czech Republic.

A clear-cutting system with soil preparation before replanting is usual for Scots pine stands in many European countries. Additionally, thinning regimes are applied during the rotation. Thus, forest floor is recreated in each rotation and can be influenced by thinning regime. The present study aimed to determine possible effects of thinning on production (evaluated by basal area) and forest-floor status (evaluated by dry mass, carbon and nitrogen content) in pine stands. We used data from four experiments established in 1962 in 25- to 45-year-old pine stands. In 2008, we analysed forest-floor characteristics under the observed stands. The results from basal area evaluation showed different development in treatments on all experiments during and at the end of observation. We observed substantial, but statistically non-significant, differences between treatments in quantity of dry mass (and of carbon and nitrogen) accumulated in humus horizons under Scots pine stands more than 40 years after first thinning.