Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Logic Gates Design and Simulation Using Spatial Wavefunction Switched (SWS) FETs

This paper presents the design and modeling of logic gates using two channel spatial wavefunction switched field-effect transistors (SWSFETs) it is also known as a twin-drain MOSFET. In SWSFETs, the channel between source and drain has two or more quantum wells (QWs) layers separated by a high band gap material between them. The gate voltage controls the charge carrier concentration in the two quantum wells layers and it causes the switching of charge carriers from one channel to other channel of the device. The first part of this paper shows the characteristics of n-channel SWSFET model, the second part provides the circuit topology for the SWSFET inverter and universal gates- NAND, AND, NOR,OR, XOR and XOR. The proposed model is based on integration between Berkeley Short-channel IGFET Model (BSIM) and Analog Behavioral Model (ABM), the model is suitable to investigate the gates configuration and transient analysis at circuit level. The results show that all basic two-input logic gates can be implanted by using n-channel SWSFET only, It covers less area compared with CMOS (Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) gates. The NAND-NOR can be performed by three SWSFET, moreover the exclusive-NOR “XNOR” can be done by four SWSFET transistors also AND, OR, XOR gates require two additional SWSFET for inverting.
Knowledge in the forest planning process

The main focus of this thesis is the use of knowledge in the forest planning process of large Swedish forest owning companies. The forest planning is conducted as a three step system: long-, medium- and short-term planning. In these steps, knowledge is created, stored, shared and applied – knowledge about the forest as well as other relevant knowledge. The studies have knowledge management theory linked to strategy theories as a base for description and analysis of the use of knowledge in the forest planning process. A draft for a changed planning process is presented which aims at a better management of knowledge in forest companies. In Swedish forest owning companies the long-term forest plans are developed at top level and transferred down the organization over a number of steps. These steps involve the medium-term planning where planners prepare the compartments to be harvested and register them in the so called tract bank. The harvest managers use the compartments in the tract bank as a stock to meet delivery plans. This is where the forest plans meet harvest and delivery plans. The interaction between the forest plans and the sales plans was studied. The results showed that sales managers tend to use other input data such as previous sales volumes, rather than what is found in the medium-term plan, due to what they considered as lack of precisions and detail in the forest plan. Also, the supply of compartments with desirable attributes in the tract bank is not always sufficient to meet the demand from the harvest managers. This could make the harvest managers to sidestep the forest plan altogether. It seems that forest plans do not always are followed. In the light of these studies, a proposition for a bottom-up approach to an integrated planning process was developed. This approach was made with the purpose to stimulate the use of knowledge at local level to enhance the accuracy and applicability of the forest plans. With this approach employees at local level would hopefully be more involved in the planning process, leading to a higher adherence of the plan. This would in turn increase the association of realized plans with intended plans, thus improving the competitive position of the company.
Comparison Between Experiment for Strong Coupling Theory and Three-Arm Directional Couplers in Ti : Limo3

The derivation of scalar coupled mode theory for TEM waveguide arrays is examined. It is demonstrated that four previously published methods are identical at this level of approximation. The accuracy of the theory, and its application to a slab-waveguide model of a three-arm coupler, is considered. It is shown that the coupled mode equations require modification for slowly varying arrays. Analytic expressions for the matrix coefficients are presented, and it is demon- strated that device input-output transitions have significant effect on the response. The model is compared with experimental measurements of three-arm couplers fabricated in Ti: LiNb03, and excellent quali- tative agreement is obtained.
DESIGN OF SCAFFOLD SHORES FOR CONCRETE BUILDINGS DURING CONSTRUCTION

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to offer some practical information for consideration in designing scaffold systems commonly used in concrete building construction. To this end, the content of this work is divided into two parts: the load part and the resistance part. In the load part, the loads during the process of concrete placing are discussed. Some field data have been collected. The intensities and distributions of the gravity loads are based on the investigations and calculations of 20 working sites. An amplification factor (A.F.) is also suggested to cover the effects caused by some seriously unsymmetrical concrete-placing paths. In the resistance part, the load-carrying capacities and the variations of the scaffolds are discussed. Some laboratory and field tests along with analytical work have been made. The unit structure which serves as a basic unit to develop the entire scaffold system is also suggested Based on the load and resistance information, a step-by-step design procedure for scaffol.
Bootstrapping tourism post-COVID-19: A systems thinking approach

The coronavirus pandemic has disturbed industries globally. Unlike agriculture and manufacturing, the services sector, particularly tourism, which primarily involves social activities requiring human interaction, is devastated. Against the backdrop of measures to contain the pandemic, travel behaviors have altered. Without an effective recovery plan, the effect of the pandemic on tourism may be felt over a prolonged period of time. With the objective of contributing to a better understanding of how tourism can recover, we use systems thinking to recommend interventions to help restart local tourism. Through causal loop diagrams, we argue that rebooting tourism is key to rebooting the economy. We propose insights for policy action well before the crisis deepens and permanently derails the tourism industry.
Spatial Pattern and Driving Mechanism of Urban–Rural Income Gap in Gansu Province of China

The urban–rural income gap is a principal indicator for evaluating the sustainable development of a region, and even the comprehensive strength of a country. The study of the urban–rural income gap and its changing spatial patterns and influence factors is an important basis for the formulation of integrated urban–rural development planning. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study on 84 county-level cities in Gansu Province by using various analysis tools, such as GIS, GeoDetector and Boston Consulting Group Matrix. The findings show that: (1) The urban–rural income gap in Gansu province is at a high level in spatial correlation and agglomeration, leading to the formation of a stepped and solidified spatial pattern. (2) Different factors vary greatly in influence, for example, per capita Gross Domestic Product, alleviating poverty policy and urbanization rate are the most prominent, followed by those such as floating population, added value of secondary industry and number of Internet users. (3) The driving mechanism becomes increasingly complex, with the factor interaction effect of residents’ income dominated by bifactor enhancement, and that of the urban–rural income gap dominated by non-linear enhancement. (4) The 84 county-level cities in Gansu Province are classified into four types of early warning zones, and differentiated policy suggestions are made in this paper.
Effect of Muscle Energy Technique versus Motor Control Exercise Adjunct to Conventional Therapy on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain – A Research Protocol

Background: Physical, neuropathic, or secondary causes can all contribute to neck difficulty. Any other illness might be acute 6 weeks, subacute 3 months, or chronic (lasting more than 6 weeks) (lasting up to three months). Physical consequences, life-distressing or non-life- distressing causes, large and small factors, reliable and inaccurate neck pain. Motor control is a motor retraining programme that focuses on the neck flexors, extensors, and shoulder girdle muscle's coordination and holding skills. MET is a treatment method that makes use of the patient's muscles contracting in a specific, directed manner against a therapist-applied counterforce. Methodology: The participants in the study will be enrolled of 50 patients who suffer from prolonged neck pain. And each group will be split into 25 people. One group will get MET for four weeks, whilst the other will get MCE and traditional treatment. Pain, ROM, and Functional Disability will be reviewed using a methodical approach. Conclusion: We need to see how this experiment affects people of MET versus MCT in addition to conventional therapy core on pain, ROM and functional Impairment on neck discomfort that persists. In conclusion, the focus of this research is to find out the efficacy of MET versus MCT in addition to standard therapy, as well as its impact on chronic Neck discomfort has a negative impact on one's quality of life. This study will aid in the relief of chronic neck pain.
Designing an Algorithm for Bioloid Humanoid Navigating in its Indoor Environment

Gait analyses are the preliminary requirements to establish a navigation system of a humanoid robot. Designing a suitable indoor environment and its mapping are also important for the android localization, selection of a goal to achieve it and to perform the assigned tasks in its surroundings. This paper delineates the various gaits like walking, turning, obstacle overcoming and step up-down stairs for a humanoid system. The writing also explicates the design of the indoor test environment with the stationary obstacles placed on the navigation routes. The development of an efficient algorithm is also excogitated based on the various analyses of gaits and the predefined map of the test environment. As the navigation map is predetermined, the designed algorithm animates the humanoid to navigate by selecting an optimal route, depending on some external commands, to reach at the goal position. Finally the performance of the system is analysed based on the elapsed time of the navigation action with the validation of optimal navigation strategy where the designed algorithm demonstrates the robustness of its implementation and execution.
Method estimating reflection coefficients of adaptive lattice filter and its application to system identification

In this paper, we propose a method of estimating the reflection coefficients of an adaptive lattice filter. In this method, conventional adaptive algorithms, for example, the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm, are used for the estimation. In general, the reflection coefficients are estimated as cross-correlation coefficients between forward and backward prediction errors in each stage of the adaptive lattice filter. Accordingly, two divisions in each stage, and effectively doubling the number of stages, are required. A problem is that the processing cost of division is higher than that of multiplication, especially in cheap digital signal processors (DSPs). Hence, the reduction of the number of divisions is strongly desired in practical use. The proposed technique can decrease the number of divisions to one, provided that the NLMS algorithm is used. Moreover, in the application of the adaptive lattice filter, system identification is also important. In this paper, we present a technique for the application. The technique is derived from the proposed method.
Stackelberg Games for Robust Vaccine Design (Doctoral Consortium)

Drug and vaccination therapies are important tools in the battle against infectious diseases such as HIV and inuenza. However, many viruses, including HIV, can rapidly escape the therapeautic eect through a sequence of mutations. We propose to design vaccines, or, equivalently, antibody sequences that make such evasion dicult. We frame this as a bilevel combinatorial optimization problem of maximizing the escape cost, dened as the minimum number of virus mutations to evade binding an antibody. Binding strength can be evaluated by a protein modeling software, Rosetta, that serves as an oracle and computes a binding score for an input virus-antibody pair. However, score calculation for each possible such pair is intractable. We propose a threepronged approach to address this: rst, application of local search, using a native antibody sequence as leverage, second, machine learning to predict binding for antibody-virus pairs, and third, a poisson regression to predict escape costs as a function of antibody sequence assignment. We demonstrate the eectiveness of the proposed methods, and exhibit an antibody with a far higher escape cost (7) than the native (1).
Non-naïve organizational positivity through a generative paradox pedagogy

Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS), with positivity as a core conceptual component, is a major innovation in recent decades in management and organizational studies. Just as organization is an inherently paradox laden process, so too, we argue, is positivity. Yet in classrooms and in practice, POS is mostly taught in a manner that accepts only one side of the paradox, that which, at first glance, appears positive. Against such linear approaches we propose another possibility: teaching positivity through a pedagogy of generative paradoxes emergent from creatively harmonizing the energy of competing and interdependent positive and negative tensions. In the process we extend the notion of generative paradox as discussed in paradox literature by embracing the notion of generativity as discussed in POS theorizing where it is associated with organizational processes that facilitate outcomes of collective flourishing, abundance, wellbeing, and virtue. Our proposed three-part generative paradox pedagogy contributes to the literature on POS, organizational paradox, and management learning.
Nexus between real effective exchange rate misalignment and rubber export in Nigeria

Purpose - This study examines the nexus between the real effective exchange rate misalignment (REERM) and rubber exports in Nigeria. The effects of equilibrium real exchange rate (ERER) and some economic fundamentals on rubber exports are also investigated. Methods - Johansen cointegration, vector error correction model and Granger causality test are employed as methods of data analysis. Findings - The results show that a long-run relationship exists between REERM and rubber export. REERM influenced rubber export negatively while ERER had a positive effect on rubber export. The past values of REERM can be used to predict the present volume of rubber export, and the past values of ERER and rubber export can be used to forecast the present values of each other. Trade openness positively influences rubber export while the term of trade has a negative effect on rubber export. Implication - REERM worsens the performance of rubber export in Nigeria while ERER improves its performance. Thus, rubber export can be enhanced through measures such as trade openness, improved term of trade and monitoring of exchange rate to reduce the REERM and maintain a stabilized equilibrium exchange rate system. Originality - This study focuses on the effect of deviation of the exchange rate from equilibrium, ERER and economic fundamentals on rubber export which has not been previously investigated.
Robust Control of a Class of Uncertain Fuzzy Systems

Robust stabilization of a class of uncertain fuzzy systems is considered in this paper. The fuzzy systems not only exit disturbances which do not satisfy the so-called matching condition and contain uncertainties in the input channel, but have uncertainties in the state matrix. By using Lyapunov function, the robust state-feedback controllers are constructed. The controllers guarantee that the states of systems are robust stabilization. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of our method.
Order without hierarchy - the innovation ecology of a standard developing organization

A Standard-developing organizations (SDO) is a voluntary inter-organizational collaborations to develop a global compatibility standard for an open modular system. A SDO is characterized by equal membership and hence lacks a hierarchy that assigns resources and tasks. Member organizations work jointly on innovations of the technological system, resulting in a two-mode innovation network between organizations and innovations. I study the emerging order in this network despite the lack of hierarchy. In particular I examine the existence and form of the emerging order, the underlying mechanism leading to its formation and its stability. I apply recent methods from ecological mutual systems as plant-pollinator networks to the innovation network of cellular telecommunications from 2001 to 2010. The match of organizations? resources with those required to develop innovations as tie formation mechanism explains basic structural properties as degree distribution and nestedness of the network. While the innovation network? s nestedness is rather stable over time, individual organizations can change dramatically as the catch-up of Chinese firms illustrates.
GaAs HEMT monolithic voltage-controlled oscillators at 20 and 30 GHz incorporating Schottky-varactor frequency tuning

This paper describes the design and fabrication of fully monolithic voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) circuits using a combined GaAs high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) and Schottky-varactor diode process. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time a process of this type has been used for VCO fabrication. Three VCO designs with similar circuit topology, but two different operating frequencies and resonator types, were investigated to compare their relative performance. Two approaches to the integrated resonator were tried: coupled and single microstrip lines. The single resonator approach resulted in better power efficiency, while the coupled resonator was found to provide a wider frequency tuning range and lower phase noise.
Houston, Texas, Metropolitan Traffic Safety Planning Program

The metropolitan traffic safety planning program of the Houston–Galveston Area Council in Texas monitors safety in the eight-county region, identifies hazardous locations, and supports other safety efforts. With a spatial crash information system, safety analysis is conducted of counties, cities, roadways, and hot spots. Particular attention is paid to crashes involving fatalities, injuries, speeding, red light running, teenagers, driving under the influence, pedestrians, bicyclists, trucks, and railroad trains. Much of the effort involves distributing information about safety to local governments and to the public at large. In collaboration with local governments and with the Texas Department of Transportation, engineering analysis is conducted of specific safety hot spots to recommend measures to mitigate crashes. Partnerships are created to widen the scope of safety efforts in the region. In addition, major crash hot spots have been identified and are included in the long-range transportation plan. Finally, a Regional Safety Council has been established to allow a policy forum for integrating the various safety efforts of transportation, medical, law enforcement, industry, nonprofit, and other organizations. An annual safety summit is being planned, as are safety training courses for local governments.
Short term operation and power exchange planning of hydro-thermal power systems

This paper considers a unified problem of short-term operation planning and power exchange scheduling of large hydro-thermal power systems including: unit commitment, hydro power plant operation planning, pumped-storage hydro power plant operation planning and scheduling of power exchange with other power utilities. The criterion function is the total variable profit incurred by energy production, sales of energy to the users inside the power system, sales of energy to other power companies and purchase of energy from them, or from other sources. The overall problem is solved using the Lagrangian relaxation method. A decomposition technique is applied to solve the dual (mixed-integer) and primal (continuous programming) problem. Dynamic programming, feasible direction method and linear programming method are used for the solution of subproblems. The results of the application of the method to a numerical example are given. >
Parallel processing machine vision system for bare PCB inspection

In this paper, a new real time bare PCB inspection system and the inspection methods are presented. After a brief introduction of classical inspection methods, the outline of our new automatic optical inspection (AOI) system configurations and inspection methods are described. The goal of our inspection system is real time inspection without a lot of computing power consumption. Because the design-rule verification process directly to the image patterns is a time consuming process, it's not appropriate to get real time inspection speed. Instead of that, we chose the reference comparison method and overcame the disadvantages of it. This makes the inspection system cheaper, more practical and more efficient to realize than the real time inspection system. The design and development of the prototype of our new AOI system is discussed and the test results are presented to show the effectiveness of the developed inspection algorithm.
An Integrated Model for Evaluation of Big Data Interactive Systems Under Uncertainty

The study aimed to propose a judgment-based evaluation model for usability evaluating of big data interactive system s. Human judgment is associated with uncertainty and gray information. We used the fuzzy technique for integration, summarization, and distance calculation of quality value judgment. The proposed model is an integrated fuzzy Multi Factors Evaluation (MFE) model based on experts’ judgments in HCI, ISPD, and AMLMs. We provided a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) for scoring usability evaluation metrics in different big data interactive system s. A multi-model big data interactive system is implemented for experimental testing of the model. The achieved results from the proposed model and experimental tests are compared using statistical correlation tests. The results show the ability of the proposed model for usability evaluation of big data interactive systems without the need for conducting empirical tests. It is concluded that applying a dataset in a neuro-FIS and training system cause to produce more than a hundred effective rules. The findings indicate that the proposed model can be applied for big data interactive system evaluation, informative evaluation, and complex empirical tests. Future studies may improve the FIS with the integration of artificial neural networks.