Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Prosocial Behaviors: Psychometric Properties and Cross-National Validation of the Prosociality Scale in Five Countries

This research investigated the psychometric properties of the Prosociality Scale and its cross-cultural validation and generalizability across five different western and non-western countries (China, Chile, Italy, Spain, and the United States). The scale was designed to measure individual differences in a global tendency to behave in prosocial ways during late adolescence and adulthood. Study 1 was designed to identify the best factorial structure of the Prosociality Scale and Study 2 tested the model’s equivalence across five countries (N = 1,630 young adults coming from China, Chile, Italy, Spain and the United States; general Mage = 21.34; SD = 3.34). Findings supported a bifactor model in which prosocial responding was characterized by a general latent factor (i.e., prosociality) and two other specific factors (prosocial actions and prosocial feelings). New evidence of construct validity of the Prosociality Scale was provided.
Cost-Efficient Hybrid WDM-MDM-Ro-FSO System for Broadband Services in Hospitals

The expansion of high-speed communication needs due to explosive growth of subscribers each year has led the researchers to design the next generation communication systems which can cope with the current growing demand. Millimeter waves, operated within the range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz, can become potential carrier for delivering large amount of data. However, in hospital scenarios, these radio waves are subjected to strict regulations due to direct impact on patients’ health as well as high interference with other medical devices which again imposes critical challenge on patients. Thus, it is a challenge for the researchers to provide communication/broadband services for transmission of such sensitive biomedical sensor data in hospitals locations. Radio over Free space (Ro-FSO) systems may become the attractive solution to deliver millimeter waves over free space link with high speed. Further, to expand the capacity of Ro-FSO systems, mode division multiplexing (MDM) plays a vital role in addition to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) scheme. In this work, we have demonstrated the MDM-WDM scheme to deliver four channels with each one having the capacity of 10 Gbps up-converted to 40 GHz over FSO link which is suitable for providing broadband and communication services within the hospital premises. Moreover, the proposed WDM-MDM-Ro-FSO link is evaluated under different fog conditions.
Colony-Stimulating Factors on Mobilizing CD34+ Cells and Improving Neurological Functions in Patients With Stroke: A Meta-Analysis and a Systematic Review

Background and Purpose: CSF therapy is considered a promising therapeutic approach for stroke. We performed a meta-analysis to explore the safety and efficacy of CSF in published clinical stroke studies. Methods: We searched articles online and manually. Two reviewers selected studies independently, selecting data based on study quality, characteristics of intervention (administration time, observation time, type, dose, and injection approach of CSF), and the baseline characteristics of patients (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoker, and lipids) were extracted. Main prognosis outcomes were measured as all-cause death in severe adverse events (SAE) and recurrent stroke in SAE. Secondary outcomes were measured as CD34+ cell counts in periphery blood at day 5, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Barthel index (BI), Side effects of CSF were taken as the indicator of safety. STATA13 software was used to perform the meta-analysis.Keywords: Stroke, Colony-stimulating factor, Meta-analysis, therapy, Neurological Diseases Results: This meta-analysis involved 485 patients from eight studies. Among them, 475 patients from seven studies were gauged SAE (all-cause death), 393 patients from six studies were checked SAE (recurrent stroke); 137 patients from three studies underwent CD34+ measurement, 389 patients from six studies were tested NIHSS and 307 patients from five studies accessed BI. Compared with the control group, both all-causes death (RR= 1.73, 95%CI= (0.61, 4.92), P=0.735, I2=0.0%) and recurrent stroke (RR= 0.43, 95%CI= (0.14, 1.32), P=0.214, I2=33.1%) present no statistical differences, indicating that the application of CSF does not statistically alter the prognosis of patients with stroke. The application of CSF effectively enhanced CD34+ cell counts in periphery blood at day 5 (SMD= 1.23, 95%CI= (0.54, 1.92), P=0.04, I2=69.0%) but did not statistically impact NIHSS (SMD= −0.40, 95%CI= (−0.93, 0.13), P ≤ 0.001, I2=79.7%) or BI (SMD= 0.04, 95%CI= (−0.38, 0.46), P=0.068, I2=54.3%). Conclusion: Our study consolidates the security of CSF administration for its exerting no effect on detrimental outcomes. It has proven to be effective in elevating CD34+ cell counts in periphery blood at day 5, indicating CSF may participate in stroke recovery, but its efficacy in stroke recovery remains detected.
Ultrasonographic Estimation of Total Brain Volume: 3D Reliability and 2D Estimation. Enabling Routine Estimation During NICU Admission in the Preterm Infant

Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore if manually segmented total brain volume (TBV) from 3D ultrasonography (US) is comparable to TBV estimated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We then wanted to test 2D based TBV estimation obtained through three linear axes which would enable monitoring brain growth in the preterm infant during admission. Methods: We included very low birth weight preterm infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with normal neuroimaging findings. We measured biparietal diameter, anteroposterior axis, vertical axis from US and MRI and TBV from both MRI and 3D US. We calculated intra- and interobserver agreement within and between techniques using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman methodology. We then developed a multilevel prediction model of TBV based on linear measurements from both US and MRI, compared them and explored how they changed with increasing age. The multilevel prediction model for TBV from linear measures was tested for internal and external validity and we developed a reference table for ease of prediction of TBV. Results: We used measurements obtained from 426 US and 93 MRI scans from 118 patients. We found good intra- and interobserver agreement for all the measurements. US measurements were reliable when compared to MRI, including TBV which achieved excellent agreement with that of MRI [ICC of 0.98 (95% CI 0.96–0.99)]. TBV estimated through 2D measurements of biparietal diameter, anteroposterior axis, and vertical axis was comparable among both techniques. We estimated the population 95% confidence interval for the mean values of biparietal diameter, anteroposterior axis, vertical axis, and total brain volume by post-menstrual age. A TBV prediction table based on the three axes is proposed to enable easy implementation of TBV estimation in routine 2D US during admission in the NICU. Conclusions: US measurements of biparietal diameter, vertical axis, and anteroposterior axis are reliable. TBV segmented through 3D US is comparable to MRI estimated TBV. 2D US accurate estimation of TBV is possible through biparietal diameter, vertical, and anteroposterior axes.
May I Smell Your Attention: Exploration of Smell and Sound for Visuospatial Attention in Virtual Reality

When interacting with technology, attention is mainly driven by audiovisual and increasingly haptic stimulation. Olfactory stimuli are widely neglected, although the sense of smell influences many of our daily life choices, affects our behavior, and can catch and direct our attention. In this study, we investigated the effect of smell and sound on visuospatial attention in a virtual environment. We implemented the Bells Test, an established neuropsychological test to assess attentional and visuospatial disorders, in virtual reality (VR). We conducted an experiment with 24 participants comparing the performance of users under three experimental conditions (smell, sound, and smell and sound). The results show that multisensory stimuli play a key role in driving the attention of the participants and highlight asymmetries in directing spatial attention. We discuss the relevance of the results within and beyond human-computer interaction (HCI), particularly with regard to the opportunity of using VR for rehabilitation and assessment procedures for patients with spatial attention deficits.
Subcellular Localization of Epstein–Barr Virus BLLF2 and Its Underlying Mechanisms

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), the pathogen of several human malignancies, encodes many proteins required to be transported into the nucleus for viral DNA reproduction and nucleocapsids assembly in the lytic replication cycle. Here, fluorescence microscope, mutation analysis, interspecies heterokaryon assays, co-immunoprecipitation assay, RNA interference, and Western blot were performed to explore the nuclear import mechanism of EBV encoded BLLF2 protein. BLLF2 was shown to be a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein neither by a chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1)- nor by a transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-dependent pathway. Yet, BLLF2’s two functional nuclear localization signals (NLSs), NLS1 (16KRQALETVPHPQNRGR31) and NLS2 (44RRPRPPVAKRRRFPR58), were identified, whereas the predicted NES was nonfunctional. Finally, BLLF2 was proven to transport into the nucleus via a Ran-dependent and importin β1-dependent pathway. This mechanism may contribute to a more extensive insight into the assembly and synthesis of EBV virions in the nucleus, thus affording a new direction for the treatment of viruses.
Striking Dependence of Protein Sweetness on Water Quality: The Role of the Ionic Strength

Sweet proteins are the sweetest natural molecules. This aspect prompted several proposals for their use as food additives, mainly because the amounts to be added to food would be very small and safe for people suffering from sucrose-linked diseases. During studies of sweet proteins as food additives we found that their sweetness is affected by water salinity, while there is no influence on protein’s structure. Parallel tasting of small size sweeteners revealed no influence of the water quality. This result is explained by the interference of ionic strength with the mechanism of action of sweet proteins and provides an experimental validation of the wedge model for the interaction of proteins with the sweet receptor.
The Cognitive Model of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Hierarchical Component Model With PLS-SEM

The cognitive model of negative symptoms suggests that some dysfunctional beliefs mediate the relationship between neurocognitive deficits and negative symptoms and disability. This study tested the hypothesis that dysfunctional performance beliefs mediate neurocognitive deficits, negative symptoms, and disability. We used a hierarchal component model with 85 men patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia. Results showed a moderate to strong correlation between dysfunctional performance beliefs, neurocognitive deficits, negative symptoms, and disability. These results support the Hierarchal component model (HCM) of the cognitive model of negative symptoms. Our results indicated that the disability in schizophrenia is mediated through dysfunctional performance beliefs, neurocognitive deficits, and negative symptoms pathway. Further, dysfunctional performance beliefs have a crucial role in this pathway. Therefore, targeting this vicious cycle of dysfunctional beliefs can improve disability in patients with schizophrenia.
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Symptoms and Prevalence of Insomnia in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Longitudinal Study

Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia are the two most common sleep disorders. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered first-line treatment for OSA. In the present study, we assess the effect of CPAP on symptoms and prevalence of insomnia in patients with OSA. We hypothesized a decrease in insomnia symptoms from CPAP initiation to follow-up, and that this decrease would depend on CPAP adherence. Materials and methods The sample included 442 patients diagnosed with OSA [mean age 54.9 years (SD = 12.1), 74.4% males] who started treatment with CPAP at a university hospital. OSA was diagnosed according to standard respiratory polygraphy. Mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 30.1 (SD = 21.1) at baseline. Insomnia was assessed prior to CPAP treatment (baseline) and at follow-up after a median of 19.9 weeks (range 6–52 weeks) with the Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS). CPAP adherence was defined as an average use of ≥ 4 h per night, whereas non-adherence was defined as < 4 h per night. Results There was a significant decrease in BIS scores from baseline (mean = 18.8, SD = 9.8) to follow-up (mean = 12.9, SD = 9.9), p < 0.001. Cohen’s d(0.65) indicated a moderate effect size. The reduction in BIS scores was depending on CPAP adherence (interaction effect F(1,440) = 12.4, p < 0.001), with larger reduction in the adherent group than in the non-adherent group. The proportion of patients with chronic insomnia was significantly reduced from 51.1% at baseline to 33.0% at follow-up (p < 0.001). Conclusion Overall, there was a significant reduction in insomnia symptoms from baseline to follow-up. The improvement was significant in both adherence groups, but the degree of improvement was larger among patients who were adherent to CPAP. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the prevalence of chronic insomnia at follow-up compared to baseline. This suggests that CPAP effectively reduces both the presence of insomnia and the severity of insomnia symptoms in some patients with OSA.
Visual Effect on Brain Connectome That Scales Feedforward and Feedback Processes of Aged Postural System During Unstable Stance

Older adults with degenerative declines in sensory systems depend strongly on visual input for postural control. By connecting advanced neural imaging and a postural control model, this study investigated the visual effect on the brain functional network that regulates feedback and feedforward processes of the postural system in older adults under somatosensory perturbations. Thirty-six older adults conducted bilateral stance on a foam surface in the eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions while their center of pressure (COP) and scalp EEG were recorded. The stochastic COP trajectory was modeled with non-linear stabilogram diffusion analysis (SDA) to characterize shifts in postural control in a continuum of feedback and feedforward processes. The EEG network was analyzed with the phase-lag index (PLI) and minimum spanning tree (MST). The results indicated that visual input rebalanced feedforward and feedback processes for postural sway, resulting in a greater critical point of displacement (CD), short-term effective diffusion coefficients (Ds) and short-term exponent (Hs), but the smaller critical point of time (CT) and long-term exponent (Hl) for the EC state. The EC network demonstrated stronger frontoparietal-occipital connectivity but weaker fronto-tempo-motor connectivity of the theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and beta (13–35 Hz) bands than did the EO network. MST analysis revealed generally greater leaf fraction and maximal betweenness centrality (BCmax) and kappa of the EC network, as compared with those of the EO network. In contrast, the EC network exhibited a smaller diameter and average eccentricity than those of the EO network. The modulation of long-term negative feedback gain of the aged postural system with visual occlusion was positively correlated with leaf fraction, BCmax, and kappa, but negatively correlated with the diameter and average eccentricity for all EEG sub-bands. In conclusion, the aged brain functional network in older adults is tuned to visual information for modulating long-term negative feedback of the postural system under somatosensory perturbations.
Bridging the 12-6-4 Model and the Fluctuating Charge Model

Metal ions play important roles in various biological systems. Molecular dynamics (MD) using classical force field has become a popular research tool to study biological systems at the atomic level. However, meaningful MD simulations require reliable models and parameters. Previously we showed that the 12-6 Lennard-Jones nonbonded model for ions could not reproduce the experimental hydration free energy (HFE) and ion-oxygen distance (IOD) values simultaneously when ion has a charge of +2 or higher. We discussed that this deficiency arises from the overlook of the ion-induced dipole interaction in the 12-6 model, and this term is proportional to 1/r 4 based on theory. Hence, we developed the 12-6-4 model and showed it could solve this deficiency in a physically meaningful way. However, our previous research also found that the 12-6-4 model overestimated the coordination numbers (CNs) for some highly charged metal ions. And we attributed this artifact to that the current 12-6-4 scheme lacks a correction for the interactions among the first solvation shell water molecules. In the present study, we considered the ion-included dipole interaction by using the 12-6 model with adjusting the atomic charges of the first solvation shell water molecules. This strategy not only considers the ion-induced dipole interaction between ion and the first solvation shell water molecules but also well accounts for the increased repulsion among these water molecules compared to the bulk water molecules. We showed this strategy could well reproduce the experimental HFE and IOD values for Mg2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Fe3+, and In3+ and solve the CN overestimation issue of the 12-6-4 model for Fe3+ and In3+. Moreover, our simulation results showed good agreement with previous ab initio MD simulations. In addition, we derived the physical relationship between the C 4 parameter and induced dipole moment, which agreed well with our simulation results. Finally, we discussed the implications of the present work for simulating metalloproteins. Due to the fluctuating charge model uses a similar concept to the 12-6 model with adjusting atomic charges, we believe the present study builds a bridge between the 12-6-4 model and the fluctuating charge model.
Predictable Words Are More Likely to Be Omitted in Fragments–Evidence From Production Data

Instead of a full sentence like Bring me to the university (uttered by the passenger to a taxi driver) speakers often use fragments like To the university to get their message across. So far there is no comprehensive and empirically supported account of why and under which circumstances speakers sometimes prefer a fragment over the corresponding full sentence. We propose an information-theoretic account to model this choice: A speaker chooses the encoding that distributes information most uniformly across the utterance in order to make the most efficient use of the hearer's processing resources (Uniform Information Density, Levy and Jaeger, 2007). Since processing effort is related to the predictability of words (Hale, 2001) our account predicts two effects of word probability on omissions: First, omitting predictable words (which are more easily processed), avoids underutilizing processing resources. Second, inserting words before very unpredictable words distributes otherwise excessively high processing effort more uniformly. We test these predictions with a production study that supports both of these predictions. Our study makes two main contributions: First we develop an empirically motivated and supported account of fragment usage. Second, we extend previous evidence for information-theoretic processing constraints on language in two ways: We find predictability effects on omissions driven by extralinguistic context, whereas previous research mostly focused on effects of local linguistic context. Furthermore, we show that omissions of content words are also subject to information-theoretic well-formedness considerations. Previously, this has been shown mostly for the omission of function words.
Chronic Lung Diseases and the Risk of Depressive Symptoms Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study: A Prospective Cohort Study

Chronic lung diseases (CLDs) can reduce patients’ quality of life. However, evidence for the relationship between CLD and occurrence with depressive symptoms remains unclear. This study aims to determine the associations between CLD and depressive symptoms incidence, using the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). CLD was identified via survey questionnaire and hospitalization. The follow-up survey was conducted in 2018 and depressive symptoms were assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). A total of 10,508 participants were studied with an average follow-up period of 3 years. A total of 2706 patients (25.8%) with newly diagnosed depressive symptoms were identified. The standardized incidence rate of depressive symptoms in baseline population with and without chronic pulmonary disease was 11.9/100 and 8.3/100 person-years, respectively. The Cox proportional risk model showed that CLD was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms (HR: 1.449, 95% CI: 1.235–1.700) after adjusting for covariates, and the HRs of depressive symptoms were higher in those participants with current smoking (HR: 1.761, 95% CI: 1.319–2.352), men (HR: 1.529, 95% CI: 1.236–1.892), living in rural areas (HR: 1.671, 95% CI: 1.229–2.272), with dyslipidemia (HR: 1.896, 95% CI: 1.180–3.045), and suffering from comorbidity (HR: 1.518, 95% CI: 1.104–2.087) at baseline survey. CLD was an independent risk factor of depressive symptoms in China. The mental health of CLD patients deserves more attention.
The Influence of Interpersonal Sensitivity on Smartphone Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Model

Smartphone addiction is a behavioral dependence characterized by excessive or compulsive Internet use and a preoccupation with and loss of control over this use that interferes with an individual’s daily functioning and results in negative mental processes and subsequent social consequences. Smartphone addiction can negatively impact physical and mental health as well as academic performance, sleep quality, and even interpersonal interaction and relationships. Based on the compensatory Internet use theory, this study explores the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and smartphone addiction in college students and constructed a moderated mediation model. A sample of 881 college students was tested using the Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale, Smart Phone Addiction Scale, Fear of Missing Out Scale, and Relational Self-Construal Scale. We used AMOS 26.0 to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis and employed SPSS 24.0 to test our hypotheses. The results indicated that (1) interpersonal sensitivity was positively related to the fear of missing out and smartphone addiction; (2) the fear of missing out mediated the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and mobile phone addiction; (3) relational self-construal moderated interpersonal sensitivity and the fear of missing out; and (4) relational self-construal moderated the mediating effect of the fear of missing out on the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and smartphone addiction. We concluded that the fear of missing out and relational self-construal play a moderated mediation effect on the relationship between smartphone addiction and interpersonal sensitivity. Our findings provided some theoretical implications. Specifically, in addition to proposing a new approach for the study of smartphone addiction, we also introduced a theoretical basis for psychotherapy and intervention of smartphone addiction. In addition, this study also provides some insightful ideas for educational practitioners.