Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
B-PMIPv6: PMIPv6 with bicasting for soft handover

This paper proposes an extension of Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) with bicasting for soft handover, named B-PMIPv6. The proposed scheme is compared with the existing PMIPv6 handover scheme by the theoretical analysis and the network simulator. From the experimental results, we can see that the proposed B-PMIPv6 scheme can provide smaller handover latency and reduce packet loss than the existing schemes.
The Motion Coherence Theory

Tliere are a number of important phenom- ena in motion perception involving colicrcnce. Examples include motion capture and motion cooperativity. We propose a theoretical model, called the motion coherence tlieory, that gives a possible explanation for these effects (Yuille and Grzywacz, 1988a,b). In this framework, the aperture problem can also be thought of as a problem of coherence and given a similar explanation. We propose the concept of a velocity field dcfined everywhere in the image, even where there is no explicit motion information available. Through a cost function, tlie model imposes smoothness on the velocity field in a more general way than previous theories. In this paper, we provide a de- tailed theoretical analysis of the motion coherence theory. We discuss its relations with previous theories and show that some of t1ic.m arc approximations to it. A sccorid pa- per (Grzywacz, Smith, and Yuillc, 1088) provides exten- sions and cletnilcd comparisons to psychophysical plienom- cna. Tlic theory applies to both short-range and long- range motion. It places them in the same computational framework aiid provides a way to define interactions be- twcr:11 the two 1)roccsses.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE NON‐STEROIDAL ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY DRUGS, NAPROXEN, BENOXAPROFEN AND INDOMETHACIN

Abstract— The photochemical reactivity of the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, naproxen and indomethacin, has been studied and compared with benoxaprofen, a similar compound of known cutaneous phototoxicity. Although indomethacin shows some phosphorescence at 77 K, flash photolysis at room temperature revealed only a weak photoionization process, and no photochemical reactivity was detected in steady state photolysis. Naproxen has strong fluorescence and phosphorescence, and in laser flash photolysis showed photoionization and a triplet state species in approximately equal yield. Naproxen and benoxaprofen produced singlet oxygen with similar quantum yield, as deduced from the sensitized rates of photooxidation of 2,5‐dimethylfuran. Naproxen underwent photodecarboxylation as detected by ESR‐spin trap experiments with 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane. The decarboxy‐naproxen radical combined readily with oxygen in aerated solution, and l‐(6‐methoxy‐2‐napthyl)ethanol and 2‐acetyl‐6‐methoxynaphthalene were formed as the oxidation products. In deaer‐ated solution, the major product was 2‐ethyI‐6‐methoxynaphthalene, with the alcohol also formed. In comparison, benoxaprofen also underwent decarboxylation, with much higher quantum yield, but the decarboxy‐benoxaprofen radical did not add oxygen. This difference in photoreactivity between naproxen and benoxaprofen, together with the much lower molar absorptivity of naproxen are the significant factors in relating to the differences in reported levels of clinical photosensitivity responses.
The Efficacy of CBCT for Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Disorders: A Systematic Review

Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health and Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran PhD Candidate of Health Service Management, Department of Health Services Management, School of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University. Tehran, Iran PhD student in Health Care Management, Department of Management and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran DDS and Technical officer of Health Technology Assessment, Standardization and Tariff Office, Deputy of Curative Affairs, MOHME. Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Polymerization efficiency of two dual-cure cements through dental ceramics

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thickness of zirconia on curing efficiency of resin cements. Materials and Methods: Four discs with 4.0 mm in diameter were prepared from non-HIP translucent zirconia blocks using a CAD/CAM system and feldspathic ceramic was layered onto discs. Thus, 4 ceramic disc samples were fabricated: (G) 0.5 mm zirconia- as a control group, (G1) 0.5 mm zirconia and 0.5 mm feldspathic, (G2) 1.0 mm zirconia and 0.5 mm feldspathic and (G3) 2.0 mm zirconia and 0.5 mm feldspathic ceramic layer. 2 different dual cure cements were polymerized using a LED curing unit. Degree of conversion was evaluated using Vickers Hardness Test and depths of cure of samples were measured. Data were analyzed statistically using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (p<0.05). Results: Microhardness and depth of cure values were different under same thickness of ceramic discs for two resin cements. As the thickness of the zirconia discs increased, the microhardness values and depth of cure decreased. Conclusion: Photocuring time cannot be the same for all clinical conditions, under thicker zirconia restorations (>2.0 mm), an extended period of light curing or a light unit with a high irradiance should be used.
Electrokinetic transport through nanochannels

This article presents a numerical study of the electrokinetic transport phenomena (electroosmosis and electrophoresis) in a three‐dimensional nanochannel with a circular cross‐section. Due to the nanometer dimensions, the Boltzmann distribution of the ions is not valid in the nanochannels. Therefore, the conventional theories of electrokinetic flow through the microchannels such as Poisson–Boltzmann equation and Helmholtz–Smoluchowski slip velocity approach are no longer applicable. In the current study, a set of coupled partial differential equations including Poisson–Nernst–Plank equation, Navier–Stokes, and continuity equations is solved to find the electric potential field, ionic concentration field, and the velocity field in the three‐dimensional nanochannel. The effects of surface electric charge and the radius of nanochannel on the electric potential, liquid flow, and ionic transport are investigated. Unlike the microchannels, the electric potential field, ionic concentration field, and velocity field are strongly size‐dependent in nanochannels. The electric potential gradient along the nanochannel also depends on the surface electric charge of the nanochannel. More counter ions than the coions are transported through the nanochannel. The ionic concentration enrichment at the entrance and the exit of the nanochannel is completely evident from the simulation results. The study also shows that the flow velocity in the nanochannel is higher when the surface electric charge is stronger or the radius of the nanochannel is larger.
Differential Measurement Errors in Zero‐Truncated Regression Models for Count Data

Summary Measurement errors in covariates may result in biased estimates in regression analysis. Most methods to correct this bias assume nondifferential measurement errors—i.e., that measurement errors are independent of the response variable. However, in regression models for zero‐truncated count data, the number of error‐prone covariate measurements for a given observational unit can equal its response count, implying a situation of differential measurement errors. To address this challenge, we develop a modified conditional score approach to achieve consistent estimation. The proposed method represents a novel technique, with efficiency gains achieved by augmenting random errors, and performs well in a simulation study. The method is demonstrated in an ecology application.
Resistance of vaccinia virus to inactivation by solvent/detergent treatment of blood products.

The inactivation of enveloped viruses by two different solvent/detergent combinations, i.e. tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP)/Triton X-100 or TNBP/Tween 80, has been investigated using a high purity factor VIII (Replenate) and factor IX (Replenine) respectively. Treatment with TNBP/Triton X-100 rapidly inactivated all the typical enveloped viruses tested, i.e. Sindbis, semliki forest virus (SFV), herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), by 3.7-5.8 log within 15 seconds. While virus inactivation with TNBP/Tween 80 was slower, effective inactivation of Sindbis, HSV-1, VSV and human immunodeficiency virus type-1, i.e. 4.1-->6.3 log, occurred within 30 minutes. In contrast, vaccinia virus was relatively resistant to inactivation in either of these solvent/detergent combinations. Incubation times of 10 minutes for TNBP/Triton X-100 or 6-24 hours for TNBP/Tween 80, were required to reach inactivation levels of about 4 log.
In-House Development of Paper Force Sensors for Musical Applications

This article presents alternative ways to produce efficient custom force or pressure sensors using cellulose paper filled with carbon-black pigments. We have produced several prototypes of force sensors to observe and compare their response with applied forces with those of commercial sensors, as well as those of other conductive materials. Advantages of custom sensors are presented through the description of various examples of music controllers using several kinds of paper touch sensors with a large variety of size and shape. Our goal is to provide digital musical instrument designers with new strategies to circumvent the limited offering of commercial sensors, and to propose ways to exploit these concepts through a dedicated Web site.
Approximating hexagonal Steiner minimal trees by fast optimal layout of minimum spanning trees

We study algorithms for approximating a Steiner minimal tree interconnecting n points under hexagonal routing. We prove that: (1) every minimum spanning tree is separable; (2) a minimum spanning tree with maximum node degree no more than 5 can be computed in O (n log n) time; (3) an optimal L-shaped layout of a given minimum spanning tree can be computed in O(n) time; (4) an optimal stair-shaped layout of a given minimum spanning tree can be computed in O(n/sup 2/) time. Computational results on standard benchmarks show that our algorithm compares favorably to the current best algorithms.
Eating Habits, Inactivity, and Sedentary Behavior among Adolescents in Iraq: Sex Differences in the Hidden Risks of Noncommunicable Diseases

Background Noncommunicable diseases have become the main causes of death in several developing countries. There is a severe shortage of information about the risk factors for these diseases in Iraq. Objective To explore the eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors of adolescents in Mosul City, Iraq, as risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. Methods A multistage stratified sampling method was carried out on adolescents aged 15 to 18 years in Mosul City, Iraq. A pretested and validated questionnaire was used to obtain information on frequency of intake of certain foods, physical activity, and screen time (television, video, and computer). Weight and height were measured to obtain the body composition status. The total sample included 723 adolescents (350 boys and 373 girls). Results There were significant differences between boys and girls in most eating habits and activity behaviors. The frequency of skipping breakfast and the intakes of fruits and vegetables, french fries, and sweets and chocolates were significantly higher among girls than boys (p < .001). Boys were significantly more likely to consume fast foods, sugar-sweetened drinks, and energy drinks than girls. Boys spent more time in physical activity (p < .001) and looking at screens than girls. Conclusions The health authorities of Iraq should focus not only on interventions for undernutrition among adolescents, but also on behavioral risk factors for diet-related noncommunicable diseases.
The American Mineralogist crystal structure database

A database has been constructed that contains all the crystal structures previously published in the American Mineralogist. The database is called “The American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database” and is freely accessible from the websites of the Mineralogical Society of America at http://www.minsocam. org/MSA/Crystal_Database. html and the University of Arizona. In addition to the database, a suite of interactive software is provided that can be used to view and manipulate the crystal structures and compute different properties of a crystal such as geometry, diffraction patterns, and procrystal electron densities. The database is set up so that the data can be easily incorporated into other software packages. Included at the website is an evolving set of guides to instruct the user and help with classroom education. parameters; (5) incorporating comments from either the original authors or ourselves when changes are made to the originally published data. Each record in the database consists of a bibliographic reference, cell parameters, symmetry, atomic positions, displacement parameters, and site occupancies. An example of a data set is provided in Figure 1. The first part of each data set contains identifying information, bibliography and notes, while the second part contains the crystallographic parameters. The first line of a data file contains an identifier, such as the name of the mineral or formula of the chemical species. The next line(s) contain the names of the authors, each separated by a comma. This is followed by the journal reference, title of the paper, and additional notes. The crystallographic data begins with a listing of the cell parameters and space group. If the data is given with respect to a non-standard space group origin then an asterisk precedes the space group symbol and the next line contains the translation vector from the standard origin. The 1952 edition of the International Tables for X-ray Crystallography are used to define the standard origin. The rest of the data set is a fixed-formatted listing of the atoms, their positional and displacement parameters, and occupancies. A header is provided that defines rightjustified columns. The name of each atom identifies the occupying elements, with additional identifiers added when appropriate. For instance, “Oco” identifies a particular oxygen atom in the albite structure. Some data sets report a crystallographic site occupied by molecular species rather than elemental, such as OH, water or methane. In most of these cases the atom name is denoted by molecular formula. For example, “CH4” denotes methane, and “Wat” denotes water. The displacement factors are tabulated in one of two formats, U’s or b’s
Use of eye care services by older Australians: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

PURPOSE To assess utilization of eye care services in an older Australian population. METHODS The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 permanent residents aged 49 years or older from two New South Wales postcode areas. At interview, we collected information about past attendance to eye care practitioners, demographic and socio-economic status variables and past medical and eye history. Full-time optometric and part-time ophthalmic services were available in this community. RESULTS Almost all participants (99%) had seen either an ophthalmologist or optometrist in the past, with 62, 27, 7 and 3% having last attended in the last 2, 2-5, 5-10 and > 10 years, respectively. Among those participants (2251) who had been seen in the last 2 years, 50.2% (1131) last saw an ophthalmologist, 48.6% (1094) last saw an optometrist and 26 (1.2%) could not state whom they saw. After adjusting for age and sex, factors statistically significantly associated with attending an ophthalmologist included older age, female gender, higher socio-economic status, moderate to high myopia and presence of systemic disease (diabetes, hypertension) or any significant eye pathology. Factors statistically significantly associated with attending an optometrist were younger age, living alone, not currently married, being able to go out alone, having better presenting visual acuity, hyperopia and absence of diabetes or significant eye pathology, including moderate to high myopia. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study indicate that whether people use eye care services and whom they visit is mainly driven by need factors. Although there was considerable overlap, this study found relatively appropriate utilization of eye care services by this population.
Stroke patient daily activity observation system

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term adult disability. Stroke patients can recover through rehabilitation programs prescribed by occupational therapists (OT); however, an individualized rehabilitation program can reduce recovery times compared to traditional ones. In this paper, we propose a daily activity observation system (DAOS) that uses a Kinect v2 sensor to collect and retrieve motion data. The DAOS has a robust interface to extract depth and skeleton data, and supports data collection in an unstructured kitchen environment. Depth data are used to perform action recognition and track problematic movements, while skeleton data are used to calculate mean velocities of hand joints, max extensions, symmetry of hand movements, and other assessment metrics for therapists. Histogram of oriented 4D normals is used for action recognition. The action recognition accuracy is 97% on a multi-class kitchen action dataset. Through action recognition and accurate assessment, we present a novel system that can assist therapists and their ability to provide quality care to stroke patients.
Vehicle recognition system based on customised HOG for automotive driver assistance system

In the last decade, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) made enormous progress. However, obstacle recognition tasks remain a challenge. In this paper, an optimisation vehicle detection system based on a customised histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) was presented and investigated to achieve an accurate vehicle recognition system. Our contribution in this work can be summarised in two fundamental points. First, a re-optimisation of the standard HOG parameters was made to get the best results for the car detection. Secondly, an amplification factor was distributed for each bin weight according to its contribution in the extracted car-features. Our studies using a linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier in MATLAB and heterogeneous databases of vehicle and non-vehicle images were made to achieve an excellent recognition rate that outperforms other similar approaches.
Natural Radioactivity Measurement and Evaluation of Radiological Hazards in Sediment of Imo River , In Rivers State , Nigeria by Gamma Ray Spectrometry

The distribution of natural gamma ray emitting U, Th and K radionuclides in River sediments along Imo river in Rivers State, Nigeria has been carried out using NaI (TI) gamma ray spectrometric technique. The mean activity concentration of radionuclides 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K were 187.12 Bq kg -1 , 38.62 Bq kg -1 and 180.59 Bq kg -1 respectively. Correlations made among these radionuclides prove the existence of secular equilibrium in the studied sediments. The total average absorbed dose rate in this study is 113.58 ± 7.62 nGyh -1 , whereas the annual effective dose rate (outdoor and indoor) are 139.29 μSvy -1 and 557.16 μSvy -1 The mean activity concentrations of measured radionuclides were compared with other literature values. The ratios between the detected radioisotopes have been calculated for spatial distribution of natural radionuclides in the studied area. Also the radiological hazard of the natural radionuclide content, radium equivalent Raeq, radiation hazard indices ( Hex, Hin), gamma radiation representative level, annual gonadal equivalent dose and excess lifetime cancer risk of the sediment samples were calculated. Multivariante statistical analysis (pearson correlation, cluster and factor analysis) were carried out between the parameters obtained from radioactivity to know the existing relations.
Vector control of wind turbine on the basis of the fuzzy selective neural net*

An article describes vector control of wind turbine based on fuzzy selective neural net. Based on the wind turbine system’s state, the fuzzy selective neural net tracks an maximum power point under random perturbations. Numerical simulations are accomplished to clarify the applicability and advantages of the proposed vector wind turbine’s control on the basis of the fuzzy selective neuronet. The simulation results show that the proposed intelligent control of wind turbine achieves real-time control speed and competitive performance, as compared to a classical control model with PID controllers based on traditional maximum torque control strategy.
Aberrant p16 promoter methylation in smokers and former smokers with nonsmall cell lung cancer

Hypermethylation of cytosines in CpG‐rich islands of the promoter regions of regulatory genes has been discovered as a common mechanism of gene silencing during carcinogenesis. We analysed 64 primary lung carcinomas for promoter methylation of the tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) p16 (p16INK4a/CDKN2A) and p14 (p14ARF) by methylation‐specific PCR, in order to evaluate aberrant methylation as a potential biomarker for epigenetic alterations in tobacco‐related lung cancer. Methylation of p16 was observed in 34% (22/64) of the lung tumours examined. In particular, p16 methylation occurred in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) only, with 41 % (22/54) of the tumours being positive. The highest frequency was found in large cell carcinoma (5/7, 71%), followed by adenocarcinoma (9/25, 36%) and squamous cell carcinoma (7/21, 33%). Methylation of the p14 gene was less frequent in lung cancer (4/52, 8%). When association with tobacco smoking was analysed, 42% (21/50) of NSCLC from ever smokers exhibited p16 methylation. Interestingly, the analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of p16 methylation in former smokers as compared to current smokers [odds ratio (OR) 5.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–22]. The difference was retained after adjustment for age (OR 3.7; 95% CI 0.9–17). The promoter methylation results were then combined with data on genetic alterations determined previously in the same set of tumours. This data similarly showed that p16 methylation in parallel with p53 gene mutation or p14 methylation occurred more frequently in former smokers than in current smokers (44% vs. 14%; P = 0.035). Taken together, our data suggest that analysis of promoter methylation in TSGs may provide a valuable biomarker for identification of groups with an elevated risk of cancer, such as smokers and ex‐smokers. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of interfacial structure on exchange-biased FeF 2 − Fe

We have studied the effect of the interface structure on the exchange bias in the ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Fe}$ system, for ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$ bulk single crystals or thin films. The exchange bias depends very strongly on the crystalline orientation of the antiferromagnet for both films and crystals. However, the interface roughness seems to have a strong effect mainly on the film systems. These results indicate that the exchange bias depends strongly on the spin structure at the interface, especially on the angle between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spins. We have also found a strong dependence of the hysteresis loops shape on the cooling field direction with respect to the antiferromagnetic anisotropy axis, induced by a rotation of the ferromagnetic easy axis as the sample is cooled through ${T}_{N}. $ For the single crystal systems the results imply the existence of a perpendicular coupling between the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic spins at low temperatures.