Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AMYLASE AND LYSOZYME DIFFERENTIATE THEIR LOCALIZATION WITHIN THE SEROUS SECRETORY GRANULE OF THE HUMAN SALIVARY GLAND

Localization of amylase and lysozyme within the serous secretory granule of the human parotid and submaxillary glandular acinocytes was studied with immuno-electron microscopy, using the protein A-gold technique. Antigenic sites of amylase were observed to be localized diffusely throughout the secretory granule and those of lysozyme in its central core of the granule. Therefore, it was concluded that amylase disperses within and throughout the granule, and lysozyme tends to concentrate in the central core.
Potato Peel Dietary Fiber Composition: Effects of Peeling and Extrusion Cooking Processes

Potato peels are a potential source of dietary fiber. The abrasion peeling method used by chip manufacturers results in more starch and less dietary fiber than the steam peeling procedure used for production of dehydrated potatoes. The objective of this study was to identify differences in dietary fiber composition between these types of peels and the effects of extrusion on fiber. Peels were extruded in a twin screw extruder at barrel temperatures of 110 or 150 °C and feed moistures of 30% or 35%. Extrusion cooking reduced starch content and increased total dietary fiber in steam peels. Total dietary fiber in abrasion peels was not affected by extrusion. Extrusion increased soluble nonstarch polysaccharides in both types of peels. More glucose was recovered from insoluble fiber of extruded steam peels than from abrasion peels, suggesting that resistant starch may have been formed. Lignin increased in extruded steam peels but decreased in extruded abrasion peels. Keywords: Dietary fiber; starch; peeling; .
Evaluation of oil formulations of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson against Spodoptera litura under laboratory conditions

Three oil formulations of entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi were evaluated for their efficacy along with crude formulation against third instar Spodoptera litura during 2011-2012 at the Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. Mean larval mortalities of 96.67, 93.33, 86.67 and 76.67 per cent, respectively were recorded with groundnut, sunflower, coconut oil based formulations and crude formulation of N. rileyi at highest concentration i.e., 1 x 10 8 spores ml -1 at 10 DAT. More than 70 per cent larval mortalities of S. litura were obtained with the concentrations above 1 x 10 6 spores per ml in case of groundnut oil and sunflower oil based formulations. The mortalities gradually reduced with concentration showing the least at 1 x 10 2 spores ml -1 . Incubation period, was in negative correlation with the concentration of N. rileyi in all the formulations. Pupal mortalities and malformed adults emergence showed positive association with concentration of N. rileyi against S. litura larvae.
Determinants of Stock Prices

In this article, the author presents a simple stock price model for major country economies. The model assumes a long-run fair stock market value and short-run deviations from fair value. In the long run, only fundamentals matter. In addition to the discussion of earnings and the risk-free interest rate, the author considers a proxy for the long-run equity risk premium. In the short run, other factors might determine stock prices, such as the exchange rate, commodity prices, momentum, and seasonality. Out-of-sample forecasting statistics indicate that the stock price model clearly outperforms a random walk model. Exploiting the forecasting accuracy in practice is difficult, however, because the stock price determinants, especially the short-run risk premium, are difficult to predict. By contrast, the long-run stock price model reliably guides investors about the degree of over or undervaluation of stock markets from their long-run fair fundamental levels. Two different investment strategies illustrate the ability of the long-run stock price model to generate excess returns.
α-Type-1 Polarized Dendritic Cells

Using the principle of functional polarization of dendritic cells (DCs), we have developed a novel protocol to generate human DCs combining the three features critical for the induction of type-1 immunity: (a) fully mature status; (b) responsiveness to secondary lymphoid organ chemokines; and (c) high interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70)-producing ability. We show that IFN-α and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (p-I:C) synergize with the “classical” type-1-polarizing cytokine cocktail [tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)/IL-1β/IFNγ], allowing for serum-free generation of fully mature type-1-polarized DCs (DC1). Such “α-type-1-polarized DC(s)” (αDC1) show high migratory responses to the CCR7 ligand, 6C-kine but produce much higher levels of IL-12p70 as compared to TNFα/IL-1β/IL-6/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-matured DCs (sDC), the current “gold standard” in DC-based cancer vaccination. A single round of in vitro sensitization with αDC1 (versus sDCs) induces up to 40-fold higher numbers of long-lived CTLs against melanoma-associated antigens: MART-1, gp100, and tyrosinase. Serum-free generation of αDC1 allows, for the first time, the clinical application of DCs that combine the key three features important for their efficacy as anticancer vaccines.
Die räumliche herleitung der Grünland vegetation eines Niedermoorgebietes anhand von Standort‐ und Nutzungskarten

Die räumliche Abschätzung der Grünland vegetation eines Niedermoorgebietes wurde mit Hilfe eines GIS‐gestützten Modells erprobt. Modellvoraussetzung war die Hypothese, dass sich Vegetationsformen des Niedermoorgrünlandes aus den Standort‐ und Bewirtschaftungsfaktoren ableiten lassen. Digitalisierte Karten der Wasserregulierbar‐keit, der Geländehöhen, des Bodentyps und der Landnutzung bildeten die raumbezogene Datengrundlage. In einem ersten Schritt wurde durch Kombination von Wasserregu‐lierbarkeits‐ und Geländehöhenkarte eine differenzierte Wasserstufenkarte erzeugt. Den dreifaktoriellen Merkmalskombinationen aus Wasserstufe, Bodentyp und Landnutzung ordneten wir 13 Vegetationsformen zu. Die Zuordnungsregeln sind anhand von ca. 300 Vegetationsaufnahmen unter Einbeziehung von Literaturangaben erarbeitet worden. Ein Vergleich der Modellvegetation mit Stichproben im Gelände ergab eine Übereinstimmung von 62,5%. Hauptsächliche Fehlerursache waren abweichende Wasserstufen, die einerseits der Modellvegetation und andererseits der korrespondierenden Geländevegetation zugrunde lagen.
Electrofishing Effort and Fish Species Richness and Relative Abundance in Ozark Highland Streams of Arkansas

Abstract We sampled 15 stream sites in the Ozark Highlands ecoregion of Arkansas and examined the effect of increased backpack electrofishing effort on the richness and relative abundance estimates of fish species. Each site was 75 mean stream widths (MSWs) long and was divided into 15 consecutive segments that were each 5 MSWs long. For each site the percent of empirical and theoretical species richness and the percent of relative abundance similarity to the entire fish assemblage were calculated by adding consecutive segments using an approach that resulted in 15 accumulation curves per assemblage character for each stream site. On average, a distance of 53.8 MSWs (SD = 7.4) was needed to sample 95% of empirical species richness at a stream site, which was equal to an area of 2,722.0 m2 (SD = 1,967.0). For sampling 95% of theoretical species richness, an average of 101.8 MSWs (SD = 34.5), or 5,055.7 m2 (SD = 3,667.4), was needed. Obtaining 95% relative abundance similarity required an average sampling e.
Age and growth of bluenose, Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Pisces: Stromateoidei) from the lower east coast, North Island, New Zealand

Abstract Growth of the bluenose, Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Carmichael, 1818) from the lower east coast, North Island, was determined by counting growth check rings in otoliths. One growth check ring appeared to be laid down each year, so this technique is probably valid for aging bluenose. Female fish had a significantly higher growth rate than males. Comparisons of samples from three sites indicated no significant regional differences in growth. The von Bertalanffy parameters L8,K, and t0 fitted to back‐calculated fish lengths were, respectively, 81.1 cm, 0.308, ‐0.627 for males, and 86.1 cm, 0.308, ‐0.384 for females.
First report of Phytophthora tentaculata on Verbena sp. in Spain

The oomycete Phytophthora tentaculata causes root and stalk rot of Chrysanthemum spp. , Delphinium ajacis and Verbena spp. in nurseries in the Netherlands and Germany (Krober & Marwitz, 1993). In June 2001, P. tentaculata was isolated from a young potted Verbena hybrid, showing a collar and stalk rot, in a nursery in Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). It was initially recovered by plating -10 mm pieces of necrotic tissue from the leading lesion on to a phytophthora selective medium, P 5 ARP (Erwin & Ribeiro, 1996). A pure culture (isolate CBS 115458) was obtained by transferring aseptically a hyphal tip onto corn meal agar (CMA) and was first identified from morphological characters. The colony surface texture was uniform and formed sparse, loosely branched mycelium on carrot piece agar (CPA: 50 g carrot pieces and 20 g agar per 1000 mL distilled water) and CMA. The radial growth rate was 2-3 mm day -1 at 20°C on CMA. Sporangia did not appear on either agar media but formed readily in soil extract (50 g soil from a holm oak forest suspended in 1 L ionized water for 24 h at 20°C and then filtered and autoclaved). The sporangia were ovoid to globose, 27-52 (36.9) x 17-31 (24.6) μm, length:breadth ratio 1.4, papillate with a narrow exit pore, and some were caducous with a short pedicel (< 5 μm). Hyphal swellings were present in water. Chlamydospores were only seen on CMA after 2 weeks. Oogonia, readily produced on CPA in pure culture, were globose, mostly terminal or a few lateral, and ranged from 17 to 41 (34.0) μm in diameter. Single paragynous, monoclinous or diclinous, usually long-stalked antheridia were club-shaped or spherical, 9-16 (12.7) μm in diameter and many had appendages. Occasionally two paragynous antheridia per oogonium, as well as some amphigynous antheridia, were observed. Oospores were aplerotic 16-33 (28.4) μm in diameter and thin-walled. To further confirm its identity, isozyme analysis based on malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) and malic enzymes (EC 1.1.1.40) was performed. Isozyme profiles fitted exactly those of three P. tentaculata strains: two strains ex-Chrysanthemum (including CBS 552.96 para-type) and one strain ex-Verbena; and differing from those of all other papillate species (Oudemans & Coffey, 1991a,b). Pathogenicity was assessed by flooding three potted Verbena plants with a 10 4 mL -1 zoospore suspension for 48 h at 20-22°C. As controls, two potted Verbena plants were flooded with ionized water. Controls remained healthy 15 days after inoculation. All three inoculated Verbena plants exhibited collar rot after 15 days, from which the pathogen was reisolated using PARP medium, thus confirming Koch's postulates. This is the first report of P. tentaculata in Spain.
Low-density lipoprotein subclasses and risk of coronary artery disease

A heritable low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass profile associated with increased risk of coronary disease in humans (atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype) is characterized by predominance of small, dense, cholesterol depleted LDL particles, increased plasma levels of very-low- and intermediate- density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B, and reduced concentrations of the high-density lipoprotein2 subclass.
Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) Survival and Fecundity in Wide- and Narrow-Row Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of soybean row width and glyphosate application timing on survival, biomass production, and fecundity of three sicklepod cohorts along with soybean seed yield. The first cohort comprised sicklepod plants that emerged from soybean planting through the V3 stage of soybean (two fully developed trifoliate leaves plus the unifoliate leaves; cohort 1). The second cohort comprised plants that emerged between the V3 to V6 stages of soybean (five fully developed trifoliate leaves plus the unifoliate leaves; cohort 2), and the third cohort emerged after the V6 stage through the R2 stage of soybean (full bloom; cohort 3). Glyphosate was applied at V3; V6; V3 and V6; and V3, V6, and R2 in rows 19 and 97 cm wide, and a nontreated control was included for comparison in each row width. Survival of cohort 1 in 2004 in glyphosate-treated plots occurred only after a single glyphosate application at V3 or V6 in wide rows. Narrowing the soybean row width reduced sicklepod survival throughout the growing season, even without glyphosate. Total biomass production from all cohorts averaged over years was 1,602 g m−2 in wide rows compared with 648 g m−2 in narrow rows. Cohort 1 accounted for 70 and 77% of the total sicklepod biomass in wide and narrow rows, respectively. Cohort 2 contributed 29% of the total sicklepod biomass in wide rows and 22% in narrow rows. Cohort 3 produced minimal biomass, contributing no more than 1% of the total sicklepod biomass. Sicklepod emerging after V6 failed to produce seed in 2004, and no sicklepod seed were produced in 2005 by plants emerging after V3. Averaged over years, sicklepod from cohort 1 in nontreated controls produced 3,695 seed m−2 in narrow rows compared with 6,685 seed m−2 in wide rows. Nontreated sicklepod from cohort 2 in 2004 produced 510 seed m−2 in narrow rows compared with 1,640 seed m−2 in wide rows. Soybean yields were similar among all glyphosate applications averaged over years and row widths, ranging from 3,340 to 3,700 kg ha−1 compared with 1,290 kg ha−1 without glyphosate (61 to 65% yield loss). Nomenclature: Glyphosate, sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby CASOB, soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr
Isolation and characterization of a marine bacterium from Sundarbans, Bangladesh.

Aims: Marine environment is a vast but represents a largely untapped source for isolation of new microorganism having ability to produce novel bioactive compound(s ). The present study was designed with an aim to discover and identify marine bacterial strain producing antibacterial metabolites from marine soil samples of Sundarbans, Bangladesh. Study Design : We used serial dilution technique for isolation of marine b acteria, streak plate technique for screeninig of priliminery antibacterial activity, cover slip culture method for morphological characterization and the 16S rDNA sequencing approach for phylogenetic characterization .
Mitochondrial genetic structure of two populations of Uca urugayensis fails to reveal an impact of the Rio de la Plata on gene flow

The Rio de la Plata. located between Uruguay and Argentina, generates a tremendous freshwater influx from the estuary into the coastal sea. It is thus suggested to constitute a biogeographic barrier for many taxa exhibiting a marine planktonic larval dispersal. However, evidence for corresponding intraspecific dispersal constraint has yet to be provided. We compared mitochondrial haplotypes of ten individuals for each of two populations of Uca (Leptuca) uruguayensis north and south of the estuary to examine the potential effect of the Rio de la Plata on the species' distribution. The populations are separated by nearly 2,000 km and were collected in Sao Paulo State (Brazil) and Mar Chiquita (Argentina). We found no significant indication for restricted gene flow between them, based on 823 basepairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. The structure of the corresponding haplotype network and the estimated nucleotide diversities, however, suggest that the Argentinean population is genetically more diverse than the one from Brazil. In order to establish possible significant differences in haplotype distribution, further research including more populations and larger sample sizes will be necessary.
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF COLOCASIA ESCULENTA (L.) SCHOTT.

Studies on the nature and extent of variability of aqua edible aroids cultivars, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. revealed significant differences and wide range of variations among the accessions and cultivars. Genotypic variances and coefficient of variation for most of the characters were remarkably higher than their corresponding variances due to environment which also indicate the existence of variation in genotypic origin. Plant height, petiole length, leaf length, each stolon weight, total stolon weight, stolon length and corm length expressed high heritability with moderate to high genetic advance signaled heritable in nature. Key words: Genetic variability; Heritability; Colocasia esculenta ; Genetic advance DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjb.v40i2. 9775 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40 (2): 185-188, 2011 (December)
Feature-rich covalent stains for super-resolution and cleared tissue fluorescence microscopy

FLARE enables rapid, feature-rich stains of chemical groups in biological samples for super-resolution and cleared tissue imaging. Fluorescence microscopy is a workhorse tool in biomedical imaging but often poses substantial challenges to practitioners in achieving bright or uniform labeling. In addition, while antibodies are effective specific labels, their reproducibility is often inconsistent, and they are difficult to use when staining thick specimens. We report the use of conventional, commercially available fluorescent dyes for rapid and intense covalent labeling of proteins and carbohydrates in super-resolution (expansion) microscopy and cleared tissue microscopy. This approach, which we refer to as Fluorescent Labeling of Abundant Reactive Entities (FLARE), produces simple and robust stains that are modern equivalents of classic small-molecule histology stains. It efficiently reveals a wealth of key landmarks in cells and tissues under different fixation or sample processing conditions and is compatible with immunolabeling of proteins and in situ hybridization labeling of nucleic acids.
Experimental manipulations of snow‐depth: effects on nutrient content of caribou forage

We investigated the potential effects of global climate change on arctic tundra vegetation used as caribou forage. A total of 96 experimental plots was established at six sites on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, in 1993 and 1994. We erected snow‐fences to increase the amount of snow deposition, and therefore delay the date of the snowmelt on 48 plots (referred to as increased snow/late melting plots). We used black mesh netting on the surface of the snow to increase the rate of melting on 24 plots; the remaining 24 plots served as controls. In July 1994, we collected green leaves from Eriophorum vaginatum, Salix planifolia, and Betula nana and analysed these samples for total carbon and total nitrogen content. Ratios of carbon to nitrogen differed among treatments for all three species. Generally, C:N ratios for B. nana and E. vaginatum on increased snow/late melting plots were lower than on control plots. C:N ratios for S. planifolia on increased snow/late melting plots did not differ from controls, but were lower than on plots which started to melt early. These results may be due to the timing of nitrogen translocation from leaf and stem tissue into storage organs, or due to an increase in available nitrogen input to the system. Further sampling is needed to adequately determine the mechanism responsible for increased nitrogen content of caribou forage in areas with increased amount of snow and delayed snowmelt.
Generation of self-organized sensory ganglion organoids and retinal ganglion cells from fibroblasts

Generation of sensory ganglion organoids and retinal ganglion cells from fibroblasts for research and therapeutic applications. Neural organoids provide a powerful tool for investigating neural development, modeling neural diseases, screening drugs, and developing cell-based therapies. Somatic cells have previously been reprogrammed by transcription factors (TFs) into sensory ganglion (SG) neurons but not SG organoids. We identify a combination of triple TFs Ascl1, Brn3b/3a, and Isl1 (ABI) as an efficient means to reprogram mouse and human fibroblasts into self-organized and networked induced SG (iSG) organoids. The iSG neurons exhibit molecular features, subtype diversity, electrophysiological and calcium response properties, and innervation patterns characteristic of peripheral sensory neurons. Moreover, we have defined retinal ganglion cell (RGC)–specific identifiers to demonstrate the ability for ABI to reprogram induced RGCs (iRGCs) from fibroblasts. Unlike iSG neurons, iRGCs maintain a scattering distribution pattern characteristic of endogenous RGCs. iSG organoids may serve as a model to decipher the pathogenesis of sensorineural diseases and screen effective drugs and a source for cell replacement therapy.
Does flooding influence the types and proportions of prey delivered to nestling Mississippi Kites?

ABSTRACT Mississippi Kites (Ictinia mississippiensis) nesting in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA, have consistently exhibited poor reproductive success, reduced average clutch sizes, and evidence of food stress during brood-rearing, raising concerns about population viability. Unlike populations elsewhere, kites nesting in the bottomland forests of this region face dynamic, anthropogenically altered hydrologic conditions that may be affecting the availability of important prey. Therefore, we quantified nestling diets and examined factors thought to be directly influencing the types and proportions of prey delivered to kite nestlings. Specifically, we sought to identify variables affecting the delivery of annual cicadas, the dominant prey item fed to kite chicks in numerous systems, as cicada emergence from subterranean burrows is known to be delayed by flooding. Using time-lapse video, we documented nestling diets and evaluated predictors of diet variability in east-central Arkansas, USA. We found that the delivery of cicadas increased with day of year, and was greatest during the driest of 4 study years. In contrast, the delivery of dragonflies, the numerically dominant prey item, declined with day of year, but increased with water level, and was lowest during the driest year. Although water level was not a strong predictor of the delivery of cicadas, interannual variation in the pattern of cicada deliveries suggests that flooding reduced the availability of this prey item to kites. Also, despite diverse nestling diets, the provisioning of dragonflies and a variety of other arthropods suggests that kites responded functionally to an absence of cicadas. The temporal patterns in prey deliveries that we detected imply that kite nestling diets in bottomland forests of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley may be influenced by water-level impacts on arthropod phenology and abundance.
Reproductive performance, lipids and fatty acids of mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskål) fed dietary lipid levels

This study was supported by the European Commission (INCO-DC) through Project (ICA4-CT-2001-10022) ‘Culture and Management of Scylla spp. ’ The skilled technical assistance of the staff of Crustacean Hatchery, Centralized Analytical Laboratory and Feed Mill of SEAFDECAQD is highly appreciated.