Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circuit Configuration and Modulation of a Seven-Level Switched-Capacitor Inverter

In this article, a step-up seven-level inverter supplied by a single dc source suitable for renewable energy application is presented. Forming the desired output is realized by charging capacitors and synthesizing them based on a switched-capacitor concept. This structure is praised for the ability of sensorless voltage balancing of the capacitors, reducing control complexity to produce a bipolar staircase waveform. It also benefits from regenerative performance, avoiding unwanted capacitors overvoltage. A phase disposition pulsewidth modulation (PD-PWM) technique is utilized to control the circuit operation. Furthermore, a comparison with other recent topologies reveals that losses, number of semiconductor devices, and gate driver circuits are reduced. Theoretical analysis is verified through a laboratory prototype implementation. Experimental results under various types of loads approve the performance of the proposed inverter and validity of the design. Finally, maximum experimental efficiency of 94.3% (115 V, 250 W load) was reached.
LSTM Network with Tracking Association for Multi-Object Tracking

In a most recent object tracking research work, applying Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network-based strategies become relevant for resolving the noticeable challenges in it, like, occlusion, motion, object, and camera viewpoint variations, changing several targets, lighting variations. In this paper, the LSTM Network-based Tracking association method has proposed where the technique capable of real-time multi-object tracking by creating one of the useful LSTM networks that associated with tracking, which supports the long term tracking along with solving challenges. The LSTM network is a different neural network defined in Keras as a sequence of layers, where the Sequential classes would be a container for these layers. This purposing network structure builds with the integration of tracking association on Keras neural-network library. The tracking process has been associated with the LSTM Network feature learning output and obtained outstanding real-time detection and tracking performance. In this work, the main focus was learning trackable objects locations, appearance, and motion details, then predicting the feature location of objects on boxes according to their initial position. The performance of the joint object tracking system has shown that the LSTM network is more powerful and capable of working on a real-time multi-object tracking process.
Hardware Emulation of a Biorthogonal Wavelet Transform-Based Heart Rate Monitoring Device

In this work, a low-power, area-efficient, and high-performance electrocardiogram (ECG) detector that can be used in modern implantable cardiac pacemaker systems is proposed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis indicates that the Biorthogonal-3.1 wavelet transform combined with adaptive slope prediction is best suited to detect various ECG peaks by effectively denoising various artifacts present in an ECG signal. A demand-based wavelet filter bank (WFB) architecture consisting of a series combination of three lowpass filters is the primary reason for the low-power requirements of the circuit. Power consumption and area requirements of the circuit are further reduced by realizing the lowpass filters using lattice wave digital filter realization that reduces the requirement of delay elements, and multipliers count by 80% and 75%, respectively. The proposed ECG denoising scheme using the biorthogonal 3.1 wavelet transform generates a smoother denoised ECG wave by retaining the important morphology of an ECG signal. Adaptive slope prediction criterion-based ECG processing and detection schemes achieve a high detection accuracy of 99.90%, with the lowest error of 0.002%. The proposed scheme is capable of distinguishing between a normal ECG, paced ECG, arrhythmic ECG, and low and high-resolution ECG. The proposed algorithm is then emulated on the Xilinx Ⓡ-Virtex Ⓡ-7 FPGA hardware platform. Power consumption, area, delay, and switching energy of the proposed ECG processing scheme are reduced when compared to existing ECG detection schemes and are found to be of $0.493~\mu \text{W}$ , 1.1 mm2, 10 ns, and $4.93~\mu \text{J}$ , respectively.
Real-Time Coordinated Control of Low-Voltage DC Distribution Network With Soft Opening Point

In low-voltage dc distribution networks (DDNs), the load terminals typically employ voltage-source inverters to provide ac supply to the consumers. These load terminals can potentially experience poor voltage regulation especially in the presence of intermittent photovoltaic sources and uncoordinated charging patterns of plugged-in electric vehicles. Variations in power absorption and generation at different points can potentially create significant voltage drop/rise at the load terminals and may reduce the power quality at the ac side of the loads. In order to mitigate this issue, this article suggests a real-time coordinated supervisory control strategy that estimates the present state of the network and generates a set of references for the controllable sources such that the load voltage deviations are minimized. This article also proposes a power-electronic-converter-based soft open point (SOP) that provides a seamless connection of the remote end and gives an additional degree of freedom to control the circulating current among the feeders. Detailed description and control strategy of the SOP is presented. Steady-state analysis carried out on a three-feeder DDN is presented with and without the proposed SOP. Real-time simulation with an Ethernet-based transmission control protocol/Internet protocol communication system along with experimental results is presented to validate the implementation and effectiveness of the control strategy.
Controllable assembly of hydrophobic superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle with mPEG-PLA copolymer and its effect on MR transverse relaxation rate

Assembly of individual superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) into cluster is an effective way to prepare MRI contrast agent with high relaxivity. In this study, we fabricated SPION clusters with different sizes and configurations by assembly of amphiphilic mPEG-PLA copolymer with hydrophobic SPION in aqueous solution. The evolution of cluster size and configuration with the amount of copolymer and the effect of cluster size on the transverse relaxivity was studied. T2 relaxation rates of clusters with different sizes at iron concentration of 0.1mM were compared with the theoretical predictions. We found that the relative amount of copolymer/SPION was crucial for the formation of SPION cluster. The transverse relaxivity of the condense SPION clusters (CSC) was size-dependent. The experimentally measured T2 relaxation rates of the clusters were lower than the theoretical predictions. In motional average regime (MAR) region, T2 relaxation rates were more consistent with the theoretical values when transmission electron microscope (TEM) evaluated size was used. Therefore, for fabrication of SPION clusters with assembly of mPEG-PLA and hydrophobic SPION, delicate balance between the amount of copolymer and SPION should be pursued, and for comparison of experimental T2 relaxation rate with theoretical predictions, TEM evaluated size was more suitable.
BROADBAND FOUR ELEMENTS PIFA ARRAY FOR ACCESS-POINT MIMO SYSTEMS

An antenna array formed by four PIFA elements located very close to each other, with low inter-element matching for MIMO applications is proposed. The antenna array consists of four F-inverted wideband radiators, with a fractional bandwidth around 56%, spaced one to each other by a very short distance (< 0.065λ0) at a centre frequency of 2.55 GHz. The operational bandwidth goes from 1.88 to 3.15 GHz considering the Sii < −10 dB at each port. Moreover, the coupling among ports reaches values below Sij < −10 dB and getting values less than −30 dB at 1.8 GHz, just by employing an uncomplicated technique implemented by a neutralization line between elements. The antenna array gain goes from 2 dB to 6 dB over the operating bandwidth. Concerning MIMO figures of merit, the radiation pattern of each element is orthogonal to each other. The Envelope Correlation Coefficient is below 0.04 at the designed frequency, reaching a peak around 0.082 at 1.8 GHz, but still achieving the requirement for MIMO operation (less than 0.5). The Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) is almost convergent at the design frequency, showing low dependence on random signals at different elements, and finally, the diversity gain reaches values close to 20 dB, making the array suitable for MIMO access point applications.
A 975-mW Fully Integrated Genetic Variant Discovery System-on-Chip in 28 nm for Next-Generation Sequencing

This article presents the first dedicated system-on-chip (SoC) that supports full data analysis workflow for genetic variant discovery for next-generation sequencing (NGS). The SoC implements four major steps: preprocessing, short-read mapping, haplotype calling, and variant calling. By adopting the sBWT-based short read mapping and Genome Analysis ToolKit haplotype caller-based variant calling algorithms, this work achieves a comparable precision as the software solutions. The dedicated hardware architecture achieves high parallelism with low hardware complexity. In this SoC, the multitask sorting engine and the dynamic programming processing engine are proposed for essential computing tasks for NGS data analysis. An ARC processor is integrated to facilitate IO interfaces, including a DDR3 PHY. Fabricated in a 28-nm technology, the chip area is 12 mm<sup>2</sup>. It dissipates 975 mW at a clock frequency of 400 MHz from a 0.9-V supply. The SoC is able to complete variant discovery for the whole human genome within 37 min. Compared with an optimized graphic processing unit solution, this work is 66<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> faster and also achieves an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.59\times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> times higher energy efficiency and 3086<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> higher area efficiency. Verified with the FDA standardized benchmark, the SoC achieves a precision of 99.6%. The prototype system demonstrates the analysis procedure in real time for on-site DNA sequencing.
Modeling the Impact of Bulk Resistivity on Bifacial n-PERT Rear-Junction Solar Cells

This work mainly focuses on modeling the impact of bulk resistivity <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \rho_b $</tex-math></inline-formula> on the bifacial <italic>n</italic>-type passivated emitter rear and totally diffused rear-junction (<italic>n</italic>-PERT-RJ) solar cells using Quokka3. Through simulation, under the front illumination, the light-generated excess carrier flow behavior in the bulk is studied. The regulatory function of the rear-junction solar cells’ bulk on the electron flows distributary is discussed. Finally, how the different <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \rho_b $</tex-math></inline-formula> values affect the hole-current flow behavior and the FSF performance is revealed. This explains very well the reasons for decreasing short-circuit current <italic>J</italic><sub>SC</sub> because of the low <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \rho_b $</tex-math></inline-formula> wafers in <italic>n</italic>-PERT-RJ solar cells. The studies also provide insights on the lowest value of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \rho_b $</tex-math></inline-formula> that can be applied to <italic>n</italic>-PERT-RJ solar cells without the efficiency deterioration. We also simulated the <italic>n</italic>-PERT-RJ solar cell performance and bifaciality when applying different <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \rho_b $</tex-math></inline-formula> values under rear illumination. Last but not the least, investigation on how <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \rho_b $</tex-math></inline-formula> affects the output performance will be extended to when <italic>n-</italic>PERT-RJ solar cells are served as the bottom subcell in a four-terminal tandem configuration.
THE EFFECT OF SOWING METHOD ON THE YIELD OF GRASSPEA (LATHYRUS SATIVUS) CULTIVATED IN AN ORGANIC SYSTEM

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate how intercropping of the lentil with barley Hordeum vulgare or oats (Avena sativa L.) as a supporting plant impacts the yield of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus) in an organic system. The height of the plants, the height to the first and last pod, the number of pods and seeds on the plant, the weight of seeds on the plant, the air dry weight of the stem of one plant and the weight of the pods, the number and weight of grain per cereal plant, weight of one thousand grains, plant height and number of production shoots were also determined. The field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Grabów belonging to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Puławy. The experimental factors were as follows: (A) the grasspea cultivar (cv.): Derek and Krab; (B) cropping method: sole cropping (without a supporting crop), row intercropping with a supporting crop – barley (cv. Ella) and oat (cv. Bingo). The grasspea seed yield obtained in the treatments with a supporting crops was higher by 11.4% compared with the sole cropped plots. The yield of both grasspea cultivars grown in pure stand and in mixed with cereals, was similar. Seed yield percentage of cv. ‘Derek’ grown with supporting crops was lower than that of cv. ‘Krab’. Higher 1000 seed weight, number of pods, seeds and weight per plant were recorded for both cultivars grown in pure sowing than with supporting crops. Moreover, cv. ‘Krab’ characterized more favorable structure elements affecting yielding than cv. ‘Derek’.
Robust Lane Extraction From MLS Point Clouds Towards HD Maps Especially in Curve Road

This article presents a semi-automated method to extract the lane features along the curved roads from mobile laser scanning (MLS) point clouds. The proposed method consists of four steps. After data pre-processing, a road edge detection algorithm is performed to distinguish road curbs and extract road surfaces. Then, textual and directional road markings such as arrows, symbols, and words, to inform drivers in necessary cases, are detected by intensity thresholding and conditional Euclidean clustering algorithms. Furthermore, lane markings are extracted by local intensity analysis and distance thresholding methods according to road design standards, because they are more regular along the road. Finally, centerline points on lanes are estimated based on the coordinates of extracted lane markings. Our method shows strong feasibility and robustness when creating high-definition (HD) maps from MLS data, by increasing the number of blocks in the curve and the distance threshold control in curved lane centerline extraction. Quantitative evaluations show that the average recall, precision, and F1-score obtained from four datasets for road marking extraction are 93.87%, 93.76%, and 93.73%, respectively. The generated lane centerlines are evaluated by overlaying them on manually labeled reference buffers from 4 cm resolution orthoimagery. The comparative study indicates that the proposed methods can achieve higher accuracy and robustness than most state-of-the-art methods.
Lichen-like anchoring of MoSe2 on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes: an efficient electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors

In the present study, we have developed a composite electrode of MSNT using a simple and scalable two-step scheme to synthesize a composite electrode material comprising MoSe2/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MoSe2/MWCNTs) for supercapacitor applications. First, a MWCNT thin film was deposited on a stainless steel substrate by using a “dip and dry” coating technique. Subsequently, MoSe2 was deposited onto the MWCNT thin film using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. The lichen-like growth of MoSe2 on the MWCNT network provided dual charge storage and an effective ion transfer path. The composite electrode of MSNT has been studied systematically with different electrolytes and concentrations of electrolyte. As a result, the MoSe2/MWCNT (MSNT) electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical properties such as a specific capacity of 192 mA h g−1 and a capacitance retention of 88% after 2000 cycles in 1 M LiCl electrolyte. The results demonstrated the huge potential of the MSNT composite electrode for practical application in supercapacitors. The aqueous symmetric cell fabricated using the MSNT composite as both the anode and cathode showed an energy density of 17.9 W h kg−1. Additionally, the energy density improved by designing an asymmetric device of MSNT//MnO2 and notably, it reveals two-fold improvement in the energy density compared to a symmetric MSNT cell. The MSNT//MnO2-based asymmetric cell exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 112 F g−1 with a high energy density of 35.6 W h kg−1.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Immune Response of Chicken Erythrocytes to Marek’s Disease Virus Infection

Guan-bao Ning1, Sheng Niu1, Yue-jian Li1,2, Xiao-xiao Lu1,3, Shi-xiong Yang1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Ding Zhang1, Wei-fang Hao4, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Jian-hui Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Yu-hai Bi1,5, Wen-xia Tian1* and Ling-xia Han6* 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China 2Weinan Animal Health Supervision Institute, Weinan 714000, China 3Wenxian Forestry Bureau, Wenxian 454850, China 4Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030024, China 5CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 6Unit of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
Solvent Extraction Separation of Co(II) and Ni(II) from Weak Hydrochloric Acid Solution with Ionic Liquids Synthesized from Organophosphorus Acids

In order to investigate the separation of Co(II) and Ni(II) by ionic liquids from weak hydrochloric acid solutions, extraction experiments were performed by changing the type and concentration of ionic liquids and the initial pH of the aqueous phase. Two kinds of ionic liquids based on Aliquat 336 were employed in this work; one was synthesized by reacting organophosphorus acids(D2EHPA, PC88A, Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301) with Aliquat 336 and the other was prepared by exchanging the chloride ion of Aliquat 336 with SCN. The three types of ionic liquids (ALi-D2, ALi-PC, and ALi-CY272) showed better extraction of Co(II) than Ni(II), and the equilibrium pH was higher than the initial pH. In the case of ALi-CY301, the selectivity of Co(II) and Ni(II) depended on the extraction conditions. In addition, the effect of the addition of TBP to the ionic liquid on the extraction of two metals was also investigated. Employment of ALi-SCN as an extractant resulted in selective extraction of Co(II) and complete separation of the two metal ions was possible.
38-GHz Phased Array Transmitter and Receiver Based on Scalable Phased Array Modules With Endfire Antenna Arrays for 5G MMW Data Links

This article presents the 38-GHz phased array 32-element Tx and 16-element Rx with 2-GHz IF and 5-GHz LO for fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave (MMW) communications. The Tx and Rx beamformers and upconverters/downconverters are fabricated in 65-nm CMOS. The PAs and LNAs near antenna ends are fabricated in 0.15-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GaAs pHEMT. The eight-element Tx and four-element Rx phased array printed circuit board (PCB) modules integrated with multiple integrated circuits (ICs) and endfire antennas are implemented as unit cells. Four pieces of Tx modules are vertically stacked to construct an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times {4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> brick array (planar array), while four Rx modules are to construct a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times {4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array. According to 38-GHz over-the-air (OTA) measurements, the 32-element Tx shows 47.5-dBm equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) at OP<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm {1 ~dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with −35.2-dB image rejection ratio (IMRR) and −37.4-dB <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> LORR. The 16-element Rx at 38 GHz shows −4-dBm OP<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm {1~dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with −28-dB IMRR and −36.6-dB LORR. The Tx and Rx support the beam scanning around ±60° azimuth and ±30° elevation planes. The Tx-to-Rx wireless data link demonstrates 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)/400 M-BR, 256 QAM/200 M-BR, and 512 QAM/100 M-BR in 20 m. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first 5G 37-/39-GHz phased array Tx/Rx using the scalable brick array configuration and demonstrating competitive performances compared with previous works.
Rational organization of the work of an electric vehicle maintenance station

Purpose. Improvement of efficiency of organizing the work of an electric vehicle (EV) service station (SS) due to the rational distribution of its resources. Methodology. System analysis of technological processes of diagnosing EVs depending on customer needs; mathematical mod­ eling, operations research, combinatorial optimization. findings. An analysis of technological processes of diagnosing EVs is carried out. The information about the basic services provided by the electric vehicle service station is collected and systemized. For each of them it is established what processes con­ stitute the service, their resources, how many of them operate and the duration of each operation. Mathematical models are built to organize the operation of an EV SS, which allow ensuring a uniform load of available resources and determining the time for the next service. A model problem to reserve resources to serve the largest number of clients is resolved. The proposed mathematical model is generic so that it can be used by any service enterprise that seeks to rationally distribute its resources while providing ser­ vices to a large number of customers. originality. It has been found that the efficiency of a service station is increased by reducing the downtime of equipment or human resources, as well as by serving the largest number of customers who contacted a service company. Practical value. A mathematical model is proposed that will allow, first, tracking the employment of resources; second, in­ creasing the throughput by the rational usage of resources.
Effect of storage on the stability of water soluble annatto dye formulation in a simulated orange-RTS beverage model system

Abstract Annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) seeds are the source of an orange yellow pigment. The water-soluble annatto dye formulations can be used in beverages, bakery and other food products. An annatto water-soluble dye formulation containing norbixin fraction 22.4 g/L was used in making an orange-ready-to-serve (RTS) beverage model with citric acid and sugar. The orange-RTS beverage was stored at ambient and refrigerated conditions in transparent as well as amber-coloured glass bottles for a period of 5 mo. A dilute solution of the annatto dye formulation (working stock) without addition of citric acid and sugar was also stored under similar conditions. The annatto water-soluble dye formulation and the orange-RTS beverage stored at refrigerated conditions stored well, whereas the losses were very high for the working stock of the formulation irrespective of the storage period/method.