Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plant Extracts Used for Control of the Parasitic Mites Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) and Acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in Colonies of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Natural products were evaluated as control agents for the tracheal mite Acarapis woodi (Rennie) and the Varroa mite Varroa jacobsoni (Oudemans) in colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Test materials consisted of 1:1 (wt:wt) blends of thymol with cineole, citronellal, or linalool. Two, 25.0-g applications (rate 1) of each blend were applied to colonies infested with Varroa . A 2nd group of Varroa infested colonies received 2 x 12.5 g applications (rate 2). Each application was left in place for 14 d, during which time Varroa mites were collected on, sticky boards placed on the bottom boards of the colonies. At the end of the 28-d treatment period, remaining mites were killed with fluvalinate and collected on sticky boards. Mite mortality in the colonies receiving thymol and cineole was 56.4 and 49.1% for rates 1 and 2, respectively, compared with a natural mite fall of 28.0% in control colonies. Two applications of each blend (rate 1) were applied to colonies infested with A. woodi in September. Mite prevalence values increased 28.3% in control colonies by the following May, but decreased 22.4% in colonies receiving thymol and citronella! Our results suggest that the presence of brood seriously limits the efficacy of thymol-based control measures when they are applied as fumigants against Varroa . However, these products may be useful against the tracheal mite and may be an important component of an integrated pest management program for Varroa if used when brood levels are low.
Bmi-1-Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Knock-In Mice Reveal the Dynamic Regulation of Bmi-1 Expression in Normal and Leukemic Hematopoietic Cells.

The ability to self-renew is essential for all kinds of stem cells regardless of tissue types. One of the best candidate genes involved in conferring self-renewal capacity is Bmi-1, which has been proven to be essential for the maintenance of both normal adult hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells as well as adult neural stem cells. Furthermore, it has been reported that Bmi-1 is expressed at high level in immature hematopoietic cells and its expression is down-regulated along with cell differentiation. In order to investigate the possible role of Bmi-1 expression as a marker of stem or progenitor cells in several types of normal or malignant tissues, we generated two types of Bmi-1-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-knock-in mice, in which GFP was expressed under the endogenous transcriptional regulatory elements of the Bmi-1 gene. In one strain, GFP was inserted into the transcription start site, resulting in the heterozygous allele for Bmi-1. In another strain, GFP was expressed as a fusion protein with Bmi-1 from the targeted allele. Using these two types of targeted reporter mice, we demonstrate that Bmi-1 expression levels are well-correlated with cell differentiation in normal hematopoietic cells. Bmi-1 is expressed in CD150+(or Flk2/Flt3−) CD34− c-kit+ lin- Sca-1+ (KLS) cells, which is highly enriched with long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs), at its highest levels and down-regulated upon commitment to differentiation. The Bmi-1high/lineage-marker- cells contained 33.8% of KLS cells, indicating that HSCs can be highly enriched according to the Bmi-1 expression levels combined with lineage-markers. Then, we analyzed the Bmi-1 expression levels in acute myeloiud leukemia (AML) models induced by the combination of TEL/PDGFβR and AML1/ETO, or chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) models induced by P210 BCR/ABL. Bmi-1 is also expressed at its highest levels in undifferentiated KLS leukemia cells. In addition, the Bmi-1 expression levels in leukemic KLS cells are similar to normal KLS cells, suggesting that the Bmi-1 over-expression in leukemia samples might simply reflect the accumulation of immature cells. Furthermore, in several other non-hematopoietic tissues, cells could be separated into distinct subpopulations with differential Bmi-1 expression. Thus, these mice allow for the isolation of viable Bmi-1-expressing cells and have the potential to become a useful tool for understanding the role of Bmi-1 in normal and cancer stem cells in multiple tissue types.
Exploring the phonological profiles of children with reading difficulties: A multiple case study.

Studies of group differences have established that the phonological profiles of people with reading difficulties contain both strengths and weaknesses. The current study extends this work by exploring individual differences in phonological ability using a multiple case study approach. A heterogeneous sample of 56 children (M age = 9 years) with reading difficulties completed a battery of tasks measuring literacy, phonological processing, expressive vocabulary and general ability. The phonological tasks included measures of phonological awareness (PA), phonological memory (PM), and rapid naming (RAN). A majority-although not all-of the children had phonological processing impairments. However, there was also substantial variability in the nature of children's phonological difficulties. While multiple impairments encompassing two or more phonological domains were most common, impairments that were specific to PA, PM or RAN also occurred frequently. Even within the domain of PA, where children completed three well-matched tasks, individual children were rarely impaired across all three measures and a number of different profiles were observed. Additional, group-level analyses indicated that PA was a significant predictor of decoding while RAN was a significant predictor of automatic word recognition and comprehension. Findings are discussed with reference to conceptual models of phonological processing and implications for assessment.
Electrolyte measurements differ between point-of-care and reference analysers in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.

INTRODUCTION Dogs treated for hypoadrenocorticism are monitored through analysis of their blood electrolytes. This is routinely performed with point-of-care analysers and doses of medications are adjusted based on the results. OBJECTIVES To investigate the performance of two point-of-care analysers (IDEXX Catalyst Dx and IDEXX VetStat) against a reference laboratory method for the measurement of blood sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations, as well as sodium: potassium ratios, in dogs diagnosed with and treated for hypoadrenocorticism. METHODS Forty-eight dogs were enrolled into a prospective cross-sectional study. Paired blood samples were taken and tested on two point-of-care analysers and at a reference laboratory. Statistical analysis was then performed with Bland-Altman analysis and Passing-Bablok regression. The clinical effects of inaccurate electrolyte analysis were investigated. RESULTS In total, 329 samples were tested on the Catalyst analyser, while another 72 samples were tested on the VetStat. Passing-Bablok regression identified both proportional and constant bias for some analytes. There was poor agreement between sodium and chloride concentrations on both analysers. Both analysers tended to give higher results than the reference method for all analytes, except for potassium when measured on the VetStat. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE There are inherent differences between the electrolyte concentrations measured by these two point-of-care analysers and reference laboratory methods in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.
Cognitive impairments and recovery in patients with work-related stress complaints – four years later

Abstract Patients on sick leave due to work-related stress often present with cognitive complaints. The primary aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine potential long-term consequences of previous ongoing work-related stress in terms of cognitive functioning four years after initial professional care seeking. We tested a group of patients with work-related stress complaints with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Patients were examined at a department of occupational medicine and tested at baseline, one-year follow-up and four-year follow-up. At each time point, we compared the performance of patients with healthy controls matched pairwise on sex, age and length of education. This paper presents the results from the four-year follow-up. Patients improved on their neuropsychological test performance during the four years but the main improvements took place during the first year. At baseline, the main impairments in the patient group concerned executive function and mental speed. At four-year follow-up, patients displayed slightly lower scores on the neuropsychological tests relative to controls but only the difference on immediate memory was significant corresponding to a small effect size (Cohen’s d). More than half of the patients who participated in the four-year follow-up reported that they felt only slightly or partially recovered. The level of work participation among the former patients improved considerably during the four-year follow-up period. Lay Summary This study examines the long-term consequences of work-related stress in terms of cognitive functioning and recovery four years after initial professional care seeking. After four years, patients continued to display significantly lower memory scores than controls but no other significant differences between the groups were found on neuropsychological tests. Levels of work participation among patients improved considerably over time, yet, more than half of the former patients who participated in the four-year follow-up did not feel completely recovered.
Normal Olfactory Functional Connectivity Despite Lifelong Absence of Olfactory Experiences

Abstract Congenital blindness is associated with atypical morphology and functional connectivity within and from visual cortical regions; changes that are hypothesized to originate from a lifelong absence of visual input and could be regarded as a general (re) organization principle of sensory cortices. Challenging this is the fact that individuals with congenital anosmia (lifelong olfactory sensory loss) display little to no morphological changes in the primary olfactory cortex. To determine whether olfactory input from birth is essential to establish and maintain normal functional connectivity in olfactory processing regions, akin to the visual system, we assessed differences in functional connectivity within the olfactory cortex between individuals with congenital anosmia (n = 33) and matched controls (n = 33). Specifically, we assessed differences in connectivity between core olfactory processing regions as well as differences in regional homogeneity and homotopic connectivity within the primary olfactory cortex. In contrast to congenital blindness, none of the analyses indicated atypical connectivity in individuals with congenital anosmia. In fact, post-hoc Bayesian analysis provided support for an absence of group differences. These results suggest that a lifelong absence of olfactory experience has a limited impact on the functional connectivity in the olfactory cortex, a finding that indicates a clear difference between sensory modalities in how sensory cortical regions develop.
Determining the relationship between load markers and non-contact injuries during the competitive season among professional and semi-professional basketball players

ABSTRACT This study examined the association and predictive ability of internal load markers (based on rating of perceived exertion, RPE) with non-contact injuries in basketball. 35 basketball players (age: 24 ± 6 years, stature: 196 ± 9 cm, body mass: 91 ± 12 kg) were prospectively followed during 1 or 2 seasons, during which non-contact injuries were recorded. Markers examined were: mean weekly RPE, weekly load, exposure, week-to-week load change, acute:chronic 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 load ratio. A generalized estimating equations analysis was used to determine association with non-contact injury in the subsequent week. Prediction was examined with receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve (AUC) and Youden index. No associations were found between load markers and non-contact injuries (all p > 0.05); load markers showed no injury predictive ability (AUC range: 0.468–537; Youden index range: 0.019–132). In conclusion, the load markers selected are not associated with non-contact injuries and they cannot be used to predict injuries in basketball.
Hymenochaetales: a molecular phylogeny for the hymenochaetoid clade.

The hymenochaetoid clade is dominated by wood-decaying species previously classified in the artificial families Corticiaceae, Polyporaceae and Stereaceae. The majority of these species cause a white rot. The polypore Bridgeoporus and several corticioid species with inconspicuous basidiomata live in association with brown-rotted wood, but their nutritional strategy is not known. Mycorrhizal habit is reported for Coltricia perennis but needs confirmation. A surprising element in the hymenochaetoid clade is a group of small white to brightly pigmented agarics earlier classified in Omphalina. They form a subclade together with some similarly colored stipitate stereoid and corticioid species. Several are associated with living mosses or one-celled green algae. Hyphoderma pratermissum and some related corticioid species have specialized organs for trapping and killing nematodes as a source of nitrogen. There are no unequivocal morphological synapomorphies known for the hymenochaetoid clade. However almost all species examined ultrastructurally have dolipore septa with continuous parenthesomes while perforate parenthesomes is the normal condition for other homobasidiomycete clades. The agaricoid Hymenochaetales have not been examined. Within Hymenochaetales the Hymenochaetaceae forms a distinct clade but unfortunately all morphological characters supporting Hymenochaetaceae also are found in species outside the clade. Other subclades recovered by the molecular phylogenetic analyses are less uniform, and the overall resolution within the nuclear LSU tree presented here is still unsatisfactory.
A potent drug candidature of Cu(II) pyrazino[2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline complexes with bioactive ligands: synthesis, crystal structures, biomolecular interactions, radical scavenging and cytotoxicities

Abstract A novel ternary copper(II) complexes, - [Cu(py-phen)(asn)(NO3)(H2O)] (1) and [Cu(py-phen)(trp)(H2O)]NO3 (2)- (py-phen: pyrazino[2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline, asn: asparagine, trp: tryptophan), have been synthesized and characterized by CHN analysis, ESI-MS, FTIR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Interaction of the complexes 1 and 2 with CT-DNA has been investigated by absorption spectral titration, EB and Hoechst 33258 displacement assay. The interaction between the complexes 1 and 2 and BSA was investigated by electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy methods. The experimental outcomes indicate that the fluorescence quenching mechanism between the complexes 1 and 2 and BSA is a static quenching process. The Stern-Volmer constants, binding constants, binding sites and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, ΔS) of BSA + complex systems were determined at different temperatures. The binding distance between the complexes 1 and 2 and BSA was calculated according to FRET. The effect of the complexes 1 and 2 on the conformation of BSA was also examined using synchronous, two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectroscopy. Radical scavenging activity of the complex was determined in terms of EC50, using the DPPH and H2O2 method. The anticancer activities of the complexes 1 and 2 were investigated using an XTT assay against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, Caco-2 and A549) and non-tumor cell line (BEAS-2B). Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma Graphical abstract A potent drug candidature of two new copper(II) complexes, - [Cu(py-phen)(asn)(NO3)(H2O)] (1) and [Cu(py-phen)(trp)(H2O)]NO3 (2)- (py-phen: pyrazino[2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline, asn: asparagine, trp: tryptophan), have been synthesized and characterized by CHN analysis, FTIR, ESI-MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The complexes have been tested for their in vitro biomolecular interactions by the spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, radical scavenging and anticancer activities of the complexes was also investigated. Highlights A potent drug candidature of two new copper(II) complexes were synthesized and structurally characterized. Single crystal analysis of the two complexes was performed. The complexes interact with CT-DNA by a moderate intercalation binding mode. The quenching mechanism found between the complexes and BSA is a static type. The complexes demonstrate radical scavenging activity DPPH and H2O2 methods. Furthermore, the complexes exhibit anticancer activity against MCF-7, Caco-2 and A549 cell lines
Effect of environmental enrichment for piglets in the nursery phase

Objective The effect of environmental enrichment on the behaviour of piglets in the nursery phase was evaluated. Methods A total of 450 hybrid pigs (21 day old), including both females and uncastrated males, weighing approximately 6 kg, were distributed in a completely randomised design with 3 treatments and 3 replicates of 50 animals each. The treatments were: i) pen without environmental enrichment (control), ii) treatment consisting of continuous environmental enrichment (CEE) with rubber balls throughout the experimental period, and iii) treatment consisting of environmental enrichment with washed balls (EEWB) during the whole experimental period which were removed daily for washing. For the behavioural evaluation, 10 animals were randomly selected per replicate. The behavioural assessments were performed once a week, from 8 am to 6 pm, using images captured with a video camera. The data were submitted to non-parametric analyses, the means were compared using the Bonferroni test, and Person’s correlations were also calculated. Results A statistical difference (p = 0.001) was observed in the B5 (playful) behaviour; the animals in the EEWB treatment group had a higher frequency of this behaviour than animals in the control treatment group. The animals in the control group showed a higher frequency of B7 behaviour (lying down) (p = 0.026) than those in the EEWB and CEE treatment groups. The animals in the control group had a higher frequency of the B9 (belly nosing) behaviour than those in the EEWB group (p = 0.015). There was a tendency towards a higher frequency of behaviour B3 (walking in the pen) (p = 0.067) when the animals received the control treatment than treatments EEWB or CEE. Conclusion The use of an enriching object improved the animal welfare and altered the correlation between the evaluated behaviours compared to the animals that did not have environmental enrichment.
Does depth of squat‐stand maneuver affect estimates of dynamic cerebral autoregulation?

Repeated squat‐stand maneuvers (SSM) are an effective way of measuring dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), but the depth of SSM required to improve dCA estimations has never been studied. We compared beat‐to‐beat cerebral hemodynamic parameters between maximal depth SSM (SSMD) and a shallower alternative (SSMS) in two age groups (younger [20–34 years] vs. older [50–71 years]) at a frequency of 0.05 Hz. Cerebral blood flow velocity, continuous blood pressure (BP) and end‐tidal CO2 (EtCO2) were measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasound, the Finometer device, and capnography, respectively. Coherence (at 0.05 Hz) was significantly higher in both SSM recordings compared to spontaneous BP oscillations at baseline standing (BS). Median (IQR) autoregulation index (ARI) was reduced during SSMD (4.46 [4.03–5.22], p < .01) compared to SSMS (5.96 [5.40–6.69]) and BS (6.03 [5.20–6.49], p < .01) with similar relative differences also observed for phase (at 0.05 Hz). End‐tidal CO2 was increased in SSMD (38.3 ± 3.7 mmHg, p < .01) compared to both SSMS (36.6 ± 3.6 mmHg) and BS (35.5 ± 3.2 mmHg). The older group demonstrated significantly lower ARI and phase estimates during SSM and found SSMS more effortful than SSMD. In conclusion, both SSMD and SSMS are effective at estimating dCA, and dCA appears to be less efficient during maximal depth SSM compared to baseline rest or a shallower alternative.
Engaging children and adolescents with acquired brain injury and their families in goal setting: The clinician perspective

ABSTRACT This paper explored clinicians’ experiences of the goal setting process with children and adolescents with acquired brain injuries (ABI) and their families in paediatric neurorehabilitation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 clinicians, all members of an interdisciplinary paediatric rehabilitation service, who work with children and adolescents with ABI and their families. Interview transcripts and additional data were analysed using constructivist grounded theory methods. Three main themes and sub-themes were developed: (1) Seeing the bigger picture: Goals change over time; Families set bigger picture goals; Need-to-dos: Goals that the child/adolescent needs to achieve; and Want-to-dos: Goals that the child/adolescent wants to achieve; (2) Collaborating as a team: Everyone needs to be on the same page; Hearing the child's/adolescent's voice; and Parents as advocates; and (3) Recognizing and navigating challenges: Child-/adolescent- and family-related challenges and Time as a service-related challenge. Participants perceived the clinician's role during goal setting as that of an active collaborator, enabling children and adolescents with ABI and their families to generate meaningful goals. These findings demonstrate insights into goal setting in paediatric ABI neurorehabilitation from clinicians’ perspectives, and highlight the importance of collaboration, flexibility and anticipation of challenges in facilitating children's, adolescents’ and families’ involvement in this process.
Higher Doses Improve Walking Recovery During Stroke Inpatient Rehabilitation

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: We investigated the effect of higher therapeutic exercise doses on walking during inpatient rehabilitation, typically commencing 1 to 4 weeks poststroke. Methods: This phase II, blinded-assessor, randomized controlled trial recruited from 6 Canadian inpatient rehabilitation units, between 2014 and 2018. Subjects (n=75; 25/group) were randomized into: control (usual care) physical therapy: typically, 1 hour, 5 days/week; Determining Optimal Post-Stroke Exercise (DOSE1): 1 hour, 5 days/week, more than double the intensity of Control (based on aerobic minutes and walking steps); and DOSE2: 2 hours, 5 days/week, more than quadruple the intensity of Control, each for 4 weeks duration. The primary outcome, walking endurance at completion of the 4-week intervention (post-evaluation), was compared across these groups using linear regression. Secondary outcomes at post-evaluation, and longitudinal outcomes at 6 and 12-month evaluations, were also analyzed. Results: Both DOSE1 (mean change 61 m [95% CI, 9–113], P=0.02) and DOSE2 (mean change 58 m, 6–110, P=0.03) demonstrated greater walking endurance compared with Control at the post-evaluation. Significant improvements were also observed with DOSE2 in gait speed (5-m walk), and both DOSE groups in quality of life (EQ-5D-5 L) compared with Control. Longitudinal analyses revealed that improvements in walking endurance from the DOSE intervention were retained during the 1-year follow-up period over usual care. Conclusions: This study provides the first preliminary evidence that patients with stroke can improve their walking recovery and quality of life with higher doses of aerobic and stepping activity within a critical time period for neurological recovery. Furthermore, walking endurance benefits achieved from a 4-week intervention are retained over the first-year poststroke. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01915368.