Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Note on an Improved Short-Cut Method Jor Estimating Aircraft Direct Operating Costs

In the early stages of preliminary design, it is essential to have a method for the comparison of aircraft on an operating cost basis. The standard S.B.A.C. method is too lengthy and, in any case, demands a greater amount of data than is usually available in the early design stages. The formula presented in this note is an extension to the ones presented by the author in the January 1955 and November 1956 Journals and is more accurate in that it provides for variation in aircraft first cost, type of power plant, speed and range. It is submitted that the formula gives a reasonable first estimate, suitable for early design comparisons, and that the few parameters required are normally available at the earliest stage of the design.
Design and Comparative Evaluation of Vancomycin HCl-Loaded Rosin-Based In Situ Forming Gel and Microparticles

Vancomycin hydrochloride (HCl) is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat serious or life-threatening infections, and it reduces plaque scores and gingivitis in periodontal patients. In this study, vancomycin HCl was incorporated into rosin in situ forming gel (ISG) and rosin in situ forming microparticles (ISM) to generate a local drug delivery system to treat periodontal disease. The physical properties of the ISG and ISM were measured, including pH, viscosity, injectability, adhesion properties, in-vitro transformation, and drug release. Moreover, the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity was tested using the agar-cup diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Escherichia coli. Vancomycin HCl-loaded rosin-based ISG and ISM had a pH value in the range of 5.02–6.48 and exhibited the ease of injection with an injection force of less than 20 N. Additionally, the lubricity effect of the external oil phase of ISM promoted less work of injection than ISG and 40–60% rosin-based ISM showed good emulsion stability. The droplet size of emulsions containing 40%, 50%, and 60% rosin was 98.48 ± 16.11, 125.55 ± 4.75, and 137.80 ± 16.8 µm, respectively. Their obtained microparticles were significantly smaller in diameter, 78.63 ± 12.97, 93.81 ± 10.53, and 118.32 ± 15.61 µm, respectively, because the particles shrank due to the solvent loss from solvent exchange. Moreover, increasing the concentration of rosin increased the size of microparticles. After phase transformation, all formulations had better plasticity properties than elasticity; therefore, they could easily adapt to the specific shape of a patient’s gum cavity. Both developed ISG and ISM presented inhibition zones against S. mutans and P. gingivalis, with ISG presenting significantly more effectively against these two microbes (p < 0.05). The vancomycin HCl-loaded rosin ISG and ISM delayed drug release for 7 days with efficient antimicrobial activities; thus, they exhibit potential as the drug delivery systems for periodontitis treatment.
Distribution of Homozygosity Regions in the Genome of Kazakh Cattle Breeds

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are contiguous stretches of homozygous genotypes that are passed from parents to their offspring. ROHs are suitable for determining population history, inbreeding rates, and the genetic relationships between individuals in the populations, as well as to detect candidate genes responsible for economic traits in farm animals. In this study, we observed that the Kazakh white-headed (KWh) cattle breed (ROH n = 55976) had a higher number of ROH compared to the Auliekol (AK) breed (ROH n = 13137). When calculating the mean length of ROH, there were considerable differences between Kazakh white-headed (211.59 ± 92.98 Mb) and Auliekol (99.62 ± 46.48 Mb) populations. The maximum length of ROH was higher in Auliekol cattle (510.25 Mb) than in Kazakh white-headed cattle (498.91 Mb). The average inbreeding coefficient rate was equal to 0.084 ± 0.037 in Kazakh white-headed cattle and 0.039 ± 0.018 in Auliekol cattle. The high frequency of genomic regions showed that the strongest patterns were observed on chromosomes 2, 6, and 26 for KWh and 1, 5, and 14 for AK. The estimation of ROH numbers per animal showed that the number of ROH decreased with increasing ROH length in both populations. The genomic inbreeding coefficient of both cattle breeds was calculated based on the ROH, and ancient inbreeding was observed. The harbored genes within ROH islands were associated with meat growth and milk production.
Cumulative effects of hypertriglyceridemia in HIV-infected patients switching from NNRTIs to PI-based antiretroviral therapy.

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to investigate changes in serum lipids among HIV-infected patients switching from non-nucleoside-reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) to protease inhibitor (PI)-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and to determine if changes of lipid profiles impacted the monocyte subsets recovery. METHODOLOGY Fifty-seven subjects who switched from NNRTIs to PI-based HAART (NNRTIs to PI group) and fifty-five subjects who initially started with PI-based HAART (initial PI group) were recruited. According to their baseline triglyceride (TG) levels, the NNRTIs to PI and initial PI groups were further divided into non-hypertriglyceridemia and hypertriglyceridemia subgroups, respectively. The effects of PI-based HAART on lipid profiles and monocyte subsets were analyzed. RESULTS At 48 weeks, the TG changes in the NNRTIs to PI group was higher than that of the initial PI group. The increases of serum TG levels in the initial PI non-hypertriglyceridemia group was greater than that of the NNRTIs to PI non-hypertriglyceridemia group. For the hypertriglyceridemia group at baseline, significant increment in TG levels were observed in the NNRTIs to PI hypertriglyceridemia group. The percentages of circulating CD14highCD16+ and CD14lowCD16+ subsets were elevated in the two groups. At 48 weeks, the proportion of CD14highCD16+ monocytes declined gradually, and the proportion of CD14lowCD16+ monocytes decreased independently of the TG level. CONCLUSIONS For non-hypertriglyceridemia individuals at baseline, PI-based regimens increased the TG level in the initial PI group. For the NNRTIs to PI hypertriglyceridemia group, PI-based regimens reinforced HAART-related hypertriglyceridemia.
Decoupling of the Secondary Saliencies in Sensorless PMSM Drives using Repetitive Control in the Angle Domain

To decouple the secondary saliencies in sensorless permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drives, a repetitive control (RC) in the angle domain is proposed. In this paper, the inductance model of a concentrated windings surface-mounted PMSM (cwSPMSM) with strong secondary saliencies is developed. Due to the secondary saliencies, the estimated position contains harmonic disturbances that are periodic relative to the angular position. Through a transformation from the time domain to the angle domain, these varying frequency disturbances can be treated as constant periodic disturbances. The proposed angle-domain RC is plugged into an existing phase-locked loop (PLL) and utilizes the error of the PLL to generate signals to suppress these periodic disturbances. A stability analysis and parameter design guidelines of the RC are addressed in detail. Finally, the proposed method is carried out on a cwSPMSM drive test-bench. The effectiveness and accuracy are verified by experimental results.
Improving Yield of Transplanted Aman and Boro Rice Through Tegra Package of Cultivation

The study investigated the yield performance of transplant aman rice cv. BRRI dhan49 and boro rice cv. BRRI dhan29 under improved package of cultivation (TEGRA) as compared to farmers’ practice. TEGRA is a rice farming practice which includes use of quality seeds and healthy seedlings, transplanting with rice transplanter, use of herbicide, use of balanced fertilization and micronutrients, and preventive plant protection measures. The study during transplant aman season included two treatments on rice cultivation method viz. TEGRA package and farmers’ practice while in boro rice four treatments viz. TEGRA package, farmers’ practice with high inputs, farmers’ practice with medium inputs and farmers’ practice with low inputs. The yield and plant characters of both transplant aman and boro rice were significantly influenced by the TEGRA package of cultivation as compared to farmers’ practice. TEGRA package of cultivation as compared to farmers’ practice increased the grain yield by 18.3% in transplant aman rice and by 80% in boro rice with less cost of production as compared to farmers’ practice, which eventually resulted 23% increase in gross return and 400% in net return. As a result, the benefit cost ratio of TEGRA package was much higher (1.35 and 2.20 during transplant aman rice and boro rice, respectively) compared to that of farmers’ practice (1.07 and 1.30). Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(2): 89-95
AMS 14C DATING OF SEYAKHA YEDOMA AND JANUARY AIR PALAEOTEMPERATURES FOR 25–21 CAL KA BP BASED ON THE STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITIONS OF SYNGENETIC ICE WEDGES

ABSTRACT Yedoma sediments with thick syngenetic ice wedges have been studied on the Yamal Peninsula, northwestern Siberia. The accumulation of yedoma strata occurred under alternating subaqueous-subaerial conditions, and three tiers of ice wedge were formed mainly on subaerial stages. The ice wedges and enclosing sediments were dated, revealing that the ice wedges were formed between 29 and 18 cal ka BP, while the enclosing sediments are generally older, possibly due to contamination with ancient material (especially in the central part of the yedoma). However, the termination of yedoma complex formation was dated not later than 13.5 cal ka BP. Stable oxygen-isotope data for the ice wedges indicate more severe winter climate conditions during 25–21 cal ka BP, when mean January air temperatures were at least 10°C lower that modern ones, favoring syngenetic ice wedge growth. Yedoma accumulation in the western part of northern Siberia does not support the existence here of an ice sheet during the LGM.
New Iterative Method for Solving a Coupled System of Fractional-Order Drinfeld–Sokolov–Wilson (FDSW) and Fractional Shallow Water (FSW) Equations

In this study, the new iterative method has been applied to a coupled system of fractional-order Drinfeld–Sokolov–Wilson (FDSW) and fractional shallow water (FSW) equations. The fractional-order derivatives are taken in the Caputo sense whose order is between 0 and 1. The suggested method is capable to handle the FDEs without any transformation and discretization. The obtained results have been compared with the exact solution and with the q-homotopy analysis transform method. The outcomes show the efficiency and effectiveness of NIM by comparing through tables and graphs.
Sustainable Business Practices in Banking Sector

The sustainable business practices include incorporating principles of sustainability into each of its business decisions, supplying environment friendly products or services and committing to environmental principles in its business operations. The objective of the study is to examine the role of banking sector in developing the sustainable business practices. The study has been carried out through detailed review of literature and analysis of various research reports on Sustainable business practices. It is found that the Indian banks have realised the need of adopting sustainable business practices, however, they are far behind from their foreign counterparts. The banks need to mainstream sustainability into its core business practices by integrating it into strategy formulation. The banks also need to follow the environmental trends and changes in regulatory framework to assess the possible implications of these changes on their borrowers’ overall financial position. They have to develop new products such as ethical funds or loans specifically designed for environmental businesses to capture new market opportunities associated with sustainability. And lastly, the Sustainability Reporting is the key requirement for giving a thrust to the sustainability efforts of the government.
Functional Criticality Analysis of Structural Faults in AI Accelerators

The ubiquitous application of deep neural networks (DNNs) has led to a rise in demand for artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators. For example, the tensor processing unit from Google–based on a systolic array–and its variants are of considerable interest for DNN inferencing using AI accelerators. This article studies the problem of classifying structural faults in such an accelerator based on their functional criticality. We first analyze pin-level faults in the processing elements (PEs) of a systolic array. Simulation results for the LeNet network with 8-bit fixed-point, 16-bit floating-point (FP), and 32-bit FP data paths applied to the MNIST dataset show that over 93% of the pin-level structural faults in a PE are functionally benign. We present a greedy iterative framework for determining the criticality of stuck-at faults in a PE netlist and analyze the limitations of criticality analysis methods based on repeated fault simulations. We next present a scalable two-tier machine-learning (ML)-based method to assess the functional criticality of stuck-at faults in a computationally efficient manner. We address the problem of minimizing misclassification by utilizing generative adversarial networks (GANs). Two-tier ML/GAN-based criticality assessment leads to less than 1% test escapes during functional criticality evaluation of structural faults.
Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy: An Update

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mitochondrial lipid disorder caused by mutations in the TAFAZZIN (TAZ) gene, which encodes a mitochondrial acyltransferase/transacylase required for cardiolipin (CL) biosynthesis. Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical feature of BTHS. During the past four decades, we have witnessed many landmark discoveries that have led to a greater understanding of clinical features of BTHS cardiomyopathy and their molecular basis, as well as the therapeutic targets for this disease. Recently published Taz knockout mouse models provide useful experimental models for studying BTHS cardiomyopathy and testing potential therapeutic approaches. This review aims to summarize key findings of the clinical features, molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic approaches for BTHS cardiomyopathy, with particular emphasis on the most recent studies.
High eEF1A1 Protein Levels Mark Aggressive Prostate Cancers and the In Vitro Targeting of eEF1A1 Reveals the eEF1A1–actin Complex as a New Potential Target for Therapy

Although the eukaryotic elongation factor eEF1A1 plays a role in various tumours, there is little information on its prognosis/therapeutic value in prostate carcinoma. In high-grade and castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (CRPC), the identification of novel therapeutic markers/targets remains a priority. The expression of eEF1A1 protein was determined in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate cancer and hyperplasia tissue by IHC. The role of eEF1A1 was investigated in a cellular model using a DNA aptamer (GT75) we previously developed. We used the aggressive CRPC cancer PC-3 and non-tumourigenic PZHPV-7 lines. Cytotoxicity was measured by the MTS assay and eEF1A1 protein levels by in-cell Western assays. The mRNA levels of eEF1A1 were measured by qPCR and ddPCR. Higher expression of eEF1A1 was found in Gleason 7–8 compared with 4–6 tissues (Gleason ≥ 7, 87% versus Gleason ≤ 6, 54%; p = 0.033). Patients with a high expression of eEF1A1 had a worse clinical outcome. In PC-3, but not in PZHPV-7, GT75 decreased cell viability and increased autophagy and cell detachment. In PC-3 cells, but not in PZHPV-7, GT75 mainly co-localised with the fraction of eEF1A1 bound to actin. Overexpression of the eEF1A1 protein can identify aggressive forms of prostate cancer. The targeting of eEF1A1 by GT75 impaired cell viability in PC-3 cancer cells but not in PZHPV-7 non-tumourigenic cells, indicating a specific role for the protein in cancer survival. The eEF1A1–actin complexes appear to be critical for the viability of PC-3 cancer cells, suggesting that eEF1A1 may be an attractive target for therapeutic strategies in advanced forms of prostate cancer.
Cognitive Dynamics: Additive or Multiplicative?

Introduction: Cognition is assumed to rely on distinct and additive substages such as perceptual encoding, memory, and motor control. Nevertheless, questions surrounding the assumptions of modularity and additivity persist. If a stable cognitive architecture exists, then repeatedly executing the same cognitive act should repeatedly engage the self-same structure. If discreet sub-acts behave in a manner consistent with a sum of independent random variables, then the assumption of additive and modular cognitive processes is reasonable. However, if they develop dependencies, then the assumption of additivity and modularity in cognition should be questioned. Methods: The study required participants (N = 180) to successively execute identical elementary cognitive acts in a stacked 1-word, 2-word, and 4-word lexical decision task. Correct response time was the primary dependent measure. Results: Statistical analyses revealed evidence for additivity in mean response time after a logarithmic transformation (r2 = .81, p < .05 & r2 = .74, p < .05). This pattern is consistent with multiplicative dynamics. Conclusions: The results indicate that variance grows multiplicatively as a function of the number of sub-acts. A straightforward way to generate this pattern of variability growth is to assume the sub-acts develop successive dependencies and combine multiplicatively.
Preventing Communal Violence in Myanmar: Power and Legitimacy in Local Conflict Prevention

Abstract Violence between Buddhists and Muslims in Myanmar again reached international attention in 2017 when the newly elected democratic government failed to protect Rohingya Muslims from persecution. While inter-group violence is endemic, however, there are clear and strong examples of peaceful co-existence. This article draws on interview and ethnographic evidence from a case of prevented violence in Mingalar Taung Nyunt, Yangon, in 2017, to argue that engaging with the local, complex, and dynamic process of communal violence prevention can enrich contemporary theories of communal violence. The article draws specifically on insights from the theories of political manipulation and civic engagement to argue that the most effective analysis of communal violence will focus on the power dynamics that shape local responses to escalating threat. In Mingalar Taung Nyunt, violence was prevented through the concerted effort of individuals in unique positions that provided them with the legitimacy and political power that allowed them to successfully de-escalate tensions. The article contributes to the understanding of communal violence by emphasising how the role and importance of inter-group associations, government bodies, and others is shaped by the laws and norms of the community in which violence is escalating. The article’s conclusions furthermore outline how the recent military coup in the country will destabilise local peace-keeping efforts in central Myanmar and how such institutions may be rebuilt.
The microbial communities in Zaopeis, free amino acids in raw liquor, and their correlations for Wuliangye‐flavor raw liquor production

Abstract Wuliangye‐flavor liquor (WLFL), a specific Chinese traditional liquor, one of the major type of global distilled spirits, offers a unique flavor system acquired across thousands of years of development. Free amino acids (FAAs), as major health factors, are considered to be primarily derive from the hydrolysis of protein from the Zaopeis (ZPs) by microbial populations during fermentation. Here, we investigated the changes of microbial communities in ZPs and FAAs in raw liquor (RL) directly related ZPs from different ages of WLFL fermentation pits by phospholipid fatty acid fingerprint (PLFA) and high performance liquid chromatography method. Results indicated that the total PLFAs of 20‐ and 50‐year ZPs were significantly higher (p < .05) than 1‐ and 5‐year ZPs. Gram‐positive bacteria (G+), anaerobic bacteria, and fungi were dominant in the ZPs. Furthermore, the total of FAAs content was highly increased (p < .05) in RLs of aged fermentation pit (20‐ and 50‐year, 24.86–30.23 mg/g, 28.73–37.15 mg/g) compared with young (1‐ and 5‐year, 20.97–26.46 mg/g, 17.83–28.70 mg/g), while, the different ages of RLs could be distinguished according to 9 biomarkers of FAAs (Variable importance in projection, VIP >1; p < .05), including tyrosine, aspartic acid, leucine, glutamic acid, citrulline, alanine, proline, glycine, and valine. Particularly, the biomarkers of FAAs were positively correlated with gram‐negative bacteria (G−) and fungi, but negatively correlated with G+. This is the first report to uncover the microbial communities in zaopeis, free amino acids in RL, and their correlations for Wuliangye‐flavor raw liquor production.
On a Class of Partial Differential Equations and Their Solution via Local Fractional Integrals and Derivatives

This article investigates the local fractional generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation and the local fractional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili-modified equal width equation. It presents traveling-wave transformation in a nondifferentiable type for the governing equations, which translate them into local fractional ordinary differential equations. It also investigates nondifferentiable traveling-wave solutions for certain proposed models, using an ansatz method based on some generalized functions defined on fractal sets. Several interesting graphical representations as 2D, 3D, and contour plots at some selected parameters are presented, by considering the integer and fractional derivative orders to illustrate the physical naturality of the inferred solutions. Further results are also introduced in some details.
Development of a Bifunctional Ti-Based Gas Diffusion Electrode for ORR and OER by One- and Two-Step Pt-Ir Electrodeposition

The present paper presents one- and two-step approaches for electrochemical Pt and Ir deposition on a porous Ti-substrate to obtain a bifunctional oxygen electrode. Surface pre-treatment of the fiber-based Ti-substrate with oxalic acid provides an alternative to plasma treatment for partially stripping TiO2 from the electrode surface and roughening the topography. Electrochemical catalyst deposition performed directly onto the pretreated Ti-substrates bypasses unnecessary preparation and processing of catalyst support structures. A single Pt constant potential deposition (CPD), directly followed by pulsed electrodeposition (PED), created nanosized noble agglomerates. Subsequently, Ir was deposited via PED onto the Pt sub-structure to obtain a successively deposited PtIr catalyst layer. For the co-deposition of PtIr, a binary PtIr-alloy electrolyte was used applying PED. Micrographically, areal micro- and nano-scaled Pt sub-structure were observed, supplemented by homogenously distributed, nanosized Ir agglomerates for the successive PtIr deposition. In contrast, the PtIr co-deposition led to spherical, nanosized PtIr agglomerates. The electrochemical ORR and OER activity showed increased hydrogen desorption peaks for the Pt-deposited substrate, as well as broadening and flattening of the hydrogen desorption peaks for PtIr deposited substrates. The anodic kinetic parameters for the prepared electrodes were found to be higher than those of a polished Ir-disc.