Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ribonucleoprotein complexes and their bound target mRNAs Molecular characterization of human Argonaute-containing Material Supplemental

microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of mRNAs in animals and plants through miRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). At the core of these miRNA silencing effector complexes are the Argonaute (AGO) proteins that bind miRNAs and mediate target mRNA recognition. We generated HEK293 cell lines stably expressing epitope-tagged human AGO proteins and other RNA silencing-related proteins and used these cells to purify miRNA-containing RNPs. Mass spectrometric analyses of the proteins associated with different AGO proteins revealed a common set of helicases and mRNA-binding proteins, among them the three trinucleotide repeat containing proteins 6 (TNRC6A,-B,-C). mRNA microarray analyses of these miRNAassociated RNPs revealed that AGO and TNRC6 proteins bind highly similar sets of transcripts enriched in binding sites for highly expressed endogenous miRNAs, indicating that the TNRC6 proteins are a component of the mRNA-targeting miRNA silencing complex. Together with the very similar proteomic composition of each AGO complex, this result suggests substantial functional redundancy within families of human AGO and TNRC6 proteins. Our results further demonstrate that we have developed an effective biochemical approach to identify physiologically relevant human miRNA targets.
To appear in the I 3 D 2010

Whilst the Deep Shadow Maps algorithm for accelerating the rendering of volumetric shadows is a fitting solution for offline applications, it can consume an unbounded amount of memory and is difficult to map well to current graphics hardware. For these reasons alternative methods have been proposed for interactive applications based on the idea of accumulating opacity from volume primitives in depth-based buckets or slices. However, these slicebased methods can introduce objectionable and unstable slice-like artefacts due to undersampling of the depth range, and often many slices are required to overcome these artefacts. Further refinements have been proposed to address this, but they constrain the generality of the algorithm, for example by mandating an assumption of uniform opacity or by dropping support for pre-filtering. We introduce a novel algorithm called Fourier Opacity Mapping (FOM) and we show that it is a good choice for rendering artefact-free pre-filtered volumetric shadows in cases where spatial opacity variations are smooth (e.g. smoke, gas and low-opacity hair). We also show how the algorithm can be generalised to other orthonormal bases.
Effective Ther al Conductivity of Cupra and Polyester Fiber Asse blies in Lo Fiber Volu e Fraction

In this study, the effective thermal conductivity of staple fiber assembly for wadding use is measured using KES-F7 II Thermo Labo II apparatus. Sample used are cupra, polyester (with round and heteromorphic section), and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) fibers. Heat flux to calculate thermal conductivity is measured including heat leakage from sidewall and is calibrated in the analysis. Results are analyzed by nonlinear regression method. Results are obtained as follows. Thermal conductivity curve is convex downward in low fiber volume fraction (<3%). Thermal conductivity, λ, is expressed as following equation, λ = Aφ + B/φ + C, where φ is fiber volume fraction, A and B are coefficients, and C is constant determined by nonlinear regression analysis. Based on this equation, the effective thermal conductivity is divided into three parts: Aφ, heat conduction in fiber; B/φ, radiative heat transfer; and C, heat conduction within air. By calibration, C component is divided into thermal conductivity of air, λair and heat leakage from sidewall of the sample frame. λair plays the most important role in thermal insulation property of fiber assembly, and component of heat conduction in fiber, Aφ, follows in higher fiber volume fraction. Component of radiative heat transfer, B/φ, is negligible small.
Young, active radio stars in the AB Doradus moving group

Context. Precise determination of stellar masses is necessary to test the validity of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stellar evolutionary models, whose predictions are in disagreement with measurements for masses below 1.2 M. To improve such a test, and based on our previous studies, we selected the AB Doradus moving group (AB Dor-MG) as the best-suited association on which to apply radio-based high-precision astrometric techniques to study binary systems. Aims. We seek to determine precise estimates of the masses of a set of stars belonging to the AB Dor-MG using radio and infrared observations. Methods. We observed in phase-reference mode with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 5 GHz and with the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 8.4 GHz the stars HD 160934, EK Dra, PW And, and LO Peg. We also observed some of these stars with the near-infrared CCD AstraLux camera at the Calar Alto observatory to complement the radio observations. Results. We determine model-independent dynamical masses of both components of the star HD 160934, A and c, which are 0.70 ± 0.07 Mâ and 0.45 ± 0.04 Mâ, respectively. We revised the orbital parameters of EK Dra and we determine a sum of the masses of the system of 1.38 ± 0.08 Mâ. We also explored the binarity of the stars LO Peg and PW And. Conclusions. We found observational evidence that PMS evolutionary models underpredict the mass of PMS stars by 10%-40%, as previously reported by other authors. We also inferred that the origin of the radio emission must be similar in all observed stars, that is, extreme magnetic activity of the stellar corona that triggers gyrosynchrotron emission from non-Thermal, accelerated electrons.
Older Voters: A Phantom Tyranny of Numbers? A Response to Berry: Young People and the Ageing Electorate: Breaking the Unwritten Rule of Representative Democracy

This article is a response to Berrys arguments on the impact of population ageing as potentially marginalising younger people in the democratic process. Berry constructs a pessimistic account where a powerful grey vote will enact an age-based 'majority rule' and posits this as a 'democratic deficit' that contravenes the 'unwritten' rules of democracy. This response argues that automatic assumptions of age-related majority rule are frequently based upon a highly flawed grey power model and the need to incorporate intergenerational and intra-family solidarity, as well as life-cycle factors into these debates. This response agrees that older voters are likely to become much more important in electoral politics, but not because they will vote as a bloc or aggressively pursue material self-interest, but because ageing policy challenges may increasingly attain the status of valence issues in future elections.
On Redefining the Onset of Baseflow Recession on Storm Hydrographs

Two methods that define the point of baseflow recession onset were compared using storm hydrograph data for 27 storm events that occurred between 1982-1995 in the Upeo watershed located in the Andes mountain range in central Chile (Figure 1). Three well-known baseflow recession equations were used to determine whether the method we are proposing here, that defines baseflow recession onset as the third inflection point on the logarithmic graph of the falling limb of the storm hydrograph, more accurately models observed data than the most widely used method that defines baseflow onset as the second inflection point on the same graph. Five time intervals were used to modify the recession coefficient in search of a more accurate fit. Results from the coefficient of determination, standard error, Mann-Whitney U test, and Bland-Altman test suggest that redefining baseflow recession onset via the proposed approach more accurately models baseflow recession behavior.
A characterization of canonically consistent total signed graphs

The canonical marking on a signed graph (or sigraph, in short) S is defined as: for each vertex v 2 V (S), (v) = Q ej2Ev (ej); where Ev is the set of edges ej incident at v in S. If S is canonically marked, then a cycle Z in S is said to be canonically consistent (C-consistent) if it contains an even number of negative vertices and the given sigraph S is C-consistent if every cycle in it is C-consistent. The total sigraph T(S) of a sigraph S = (V; E; ) has T(S u ) as its underlying graph and for any edge uv of T(S u ),
Drude weight, plasmon dispersion, and a.c. conductivity in doped graphene sheets

We demonstrate that the plasmon frequency and Drude weight of the electron liquid in a doped graphene sheet are strongly renormalized by electron-electron interactions even in the long-wavelength limit. This effect is not captured by the random-phase approximation (RPA), commonly used to describe electron fluids, and is due to coupling between the center-of-mass motion and the pseudospin degree of freedom of the graphene’s masslessDiracfermions.Bymakinguseofdiagrammaticperturbationtheorytofirstorderintheelectron-electron interaction, we show that this coupling enhances both the plasmon frequency and the Drude weight relative to the RPA value. We also show that interactions are responsible for a significant enhancement of the optical conductivity at frequencies just above the absorption threshold. Our predictions can be checked by far-infrared spectroscopy or inelastic light scattering.
Rapid and brief communication Nonlinear discriminantmapping using the Laplacian of a graph

In this paper, an algorithm for nonlinear discriminant mapping (NDM) is presented, which elegantly integrates the ideas of both linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and Isomap by using the Laplacian of a graph. The objective of NDM is to find a linear subspace project of nonlinear data set, which preserves maximum difference between between-class scatter and within-class scatter. 2005 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Flow control downstream of a backward facing step

A simple LEBU-like device aimed at controlling the separated flow field behind a backward facing step, with special attention on its unsteady properties, is described; the device advantage is that it requires very small design modifications and/or complications. Visualizations of the controlled field are presented along with wall hot-wire measurements. The latter measurements provided information about both the mean wall quantities (skin friction) and unsteady properties (wall shear stress fluctuations); RMS and spectra of these fluctuations are presented, showing how the distribution of fluctuation energy is influenced by the presence of the manipulator. In particular, specific positionings of the device allowed to reduce wall unsteadinesses. To summarize the outcomes of the work, although the research is in its early stages, the results presented here prove the viability of this way of controlling separated flows.
Concomitant Disruption of Retrograde Traf fi cking Is Required for Alteration in b-Amyloid Precursor Protein Metabolism

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 ajp.amjpathol. org 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 Dynein Dysfunction Reproduces Age-Dependent Retromer Deficiency 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Concomitant Disruption of Retrograde Trafficking Is Required for Alteration in b-Amyloid Precursor Protein Metabolism Nobuyuki Kimura,*y Eriko Samura,z Keiko Suzuki,* Sachi Okabayashi,x Nobuhiro Shimozawa,y and Yasuhiro Yasutomiy
Number of figures and tables : Figures : 3 / Tables : 1 Corresponding

Background. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) is currently recommended as a first-line contraceptive with an exclusively local intrauterine influence. However, recent clinical trials have identified side effects of LNG-IUD that appear to be systemically mediated, including depressed mood and emotional lability. Methods. We performed two experimental studies and a cross-sectional study. For each study, women were included from three groups: LNG-IUD (0.02mg / 24 hours), oral ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (0.03mg/0.15mg; EE30/LNG) and natural cycling (NC). Study 1 – Salivary cortisol was measured at baseline and at defined intervals following the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Heart rate was monitored continuously throughout the TSST. Study 2 – Salivary cortisol and serum total cortisol were evaluated relative to low-dose (1μg) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration. Study 3 – Hair cortisol was measured as a naturalistic measure of long-term cortisol exposure. 3 Results. Women using LNG-IUD had an exaggerated salivary cortisol response to the TSST (24.95 ± 13.45 nmol/L, 95% CI 17.49-32.40), compared to EE30/LNG (3.27 ± 2.83 nmol/L, 95% CI 1.71-4.84) and NC (10.85 ± 11.03 nmol/L, 95% CI 6.30-15.40) (P < 0.0001). Heart rate was significantly potentiated during the TSST in women using LNG-IUD (P = 0.047). In response to ACTH challenge, women using LNG-IUD and EE30/LNG had a blunted salivary cortisol response, compared to NC (P < 0.0001). Women using LNG-IUD had significantly elevated levels of hair cortisol compared to EE30/LNG or NC (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that LNG-IUD contraception induces a centrally-mediated sensitization of both autonomic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsivity. LNG-IUD sensitization of HPA axis responsivity was observed acutely under standardized laboratory conditions, as well as chronically under naturalistic conditions.
Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Sandglass-Type FPSO Hull Form on Hydrodynamic Performance in Regular Waves

This paper presents a numerical investigation on hydrodynamic performance of sandglass-type FPSO with different parameters. In order to estimate the hydrodynamic performance and utilize the results on the design stage of FPSO, a frequency-domain numerical simulation program, ANSYS/AQWA software package was used. Numerical studies were conducted to investigate the heave and pitch motion responses of sandglass-type FPSO. Eight different inclination angles were utilized with the same displacement and draft. The effects of different inclination angles including different radii of underwater radius of floating object on hydrodynamic responses and forces that acted on FPSO were investigated and presented here. Numerical results were compared against experimental data of a sandglass-type model, and good agreement was achieved in small amplitude regular wave cases. Based on the simulation results, it was concluded that a sandglass-type FPSO with inclination angle of 45o proposes proper hydrodynamic performance in heave and pitch motion for all ranges of wave frequencies. Also as it was predicted, the effect of heading sea on sandglass-type FPSO was significant compared to other wave directions.
Mami Murakami Subcellular Targeting Improving Drug Potency and Efficacy by Nanocarrier-Mediated

where it is needed. defenses. Therefore, with appropriate chemical modifications, micelles can be used to carry medicinal cargo right micelle-delivered version effectively inhibited the tumors' growth, most likely by bypassing the cells' cytoplasmic from damage. Tumors that have become resistant to DACHPt grow well in the presence of the drug, but the metallothionein and methionine synthase, in their cytoplasm that inactivate the drug, protecting the tumor cell DNA that become drug-resistant. After repeated exposure to DACHPt, tumor cells develop defensive proteins, such as tumors −− DACHPt to the micelle-carried drug shows that it can help with one serious problem of cancer therapeutics But does the direct delivery of DACHPt to the nuclear area improve its effectiveness? A comparison of free subcutaneously in mice, which the authors monitored in the animals, also by confocal laser scanning microscopy. released. This color-coded behavior was apparent both in cultured tumor cells and in tumor cells growing that they traveled to the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment, where the micelles dispersed and the drug was time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy that the micelles were taken up into tumor cells by endocytosis and dequenching the red dye. By taking advantage of these visible markers of the micelle state, the authors showed by encountered specific conditions in the late endosome and lysosome, the core dispersed, releasing the drug and micelle fluorescence was quenched and only the green surface dye on the poly(ethylene glycol) was visible. Once the red to an observer whether they are intact. When all the poly(glutamic acid) segments were clustered in the core, their attaching fluorescent tags of different colors to the ends, the authors endowed their micelles with the ability to signal A poly(ethylene glycol) polymer is linked to a string of glutamic acids, with a boron dipyrromethene at each end. By The authors' micelle carriers are carefully assembled from block copolymers with properties suited to their task. micelle-delivered derivative of platinum than they do to free drug. genome proves to be an effective antitumor strategy: Tumor cells growing in mice succumb more readily to a right in the neighborhood of its target: DNA. This direct assault on the −− [(1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum(II)] in this case a platinum-based drug called DACHPt −− force these soapy spheres to release their deadly cargo . et al specific environment within the late endosome and lysosome, a region of the cell near the nucleus, Murakami drug can ensnare and carry it to tumors, where they are ingested by cells. By creating micelles that disperse in heads sticking out, can carry cargo other than dirt. Micelles self-assembled in the presence of a chemotherapeutic it away. These spheres, formed by linear molecules with hydrophobic tails that cluster in the core and hydrophilic Micelles are useful in the washing machine, where they self-assemble from soaps, trap grease inside, and carry Special Delivery to the Nucleus
Patent Evaluation Metalloproteinase binding proteins : WO 2009097397 Yoshifumi Itoh

MMPs are a group of metalloendopeptidases whose major role is in extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism under physiological and pathological conditions. ECM catabolism is often associated with different diseases, and accumulated studies support the causal relationship between MMPs and different diseases especially with cancer and arthritis. Therefore, MMPs have been considered as therapeutic target molecules. However, multiple failures of MMP inhibitor drugs in clinical trials from late 1990s to early 2000s resulted in the consideration that wide inhibitory spectrum inhibitors of metalloproteinases may not be desirable for treatment of diseases. On the other hand, developing low molecular mass selective inhibitor(s) targeting the active site is not a very easy task. One way to overcome this problem is to develop biologic inhibitors, namely antibodies. In this patent application, Dyax Corp. reported that a binding protein (such as an antibody) against metalloproteinases, especially membrane-type 1 MMP (MMP-14) can be used as a therapeutic drug against different diseases including cancer. They succeeded in generating a selective MMP-14 inhibitory antibody with a Ki of 0.6 nM, which showed significant suppression of different tumour growth in mice. Further development of such an antibody as a drug may fulfil an unmet area of disease treatment targeting uncontrolled cell invasion and tissue destruction.
GM-CSF Production in CD4 T CellsDependent - B1 k Cells Is Mediated by NF-Differentiation of Inflammatory Dendritic

Rel/NF- k B transcription factors regulate inﬂammatory and immune responses. Despite possible subunit redundancy, NF- k B1– deﬁcient ( Nfkb1 2 / 2 ) mice were profoundly protected from sterile CD4 T cell-dependent acute inﬂammatory arthritis and peritonitis. We evaluated CD4 T cell function in Nfkb1 2 / 2 mice and found increased apoptosis and selectively reduced GM-CSF production. Apoptosis was blocked by expression of a Bcl-2 transgene without restoring a disease response. In contrast with wild-type cells, transfer of Nfkb1 2 / 2 or GM-CSF–deﬁcient CD4 T cells into RAG-1–deﬁcient ( Rag1 2 / 2 ) mice failed to support arthritis induction. Injection of GM-CSF into Nfkb1 2 / 2 mice fully restored the disease response, suggesting that T cells are an important source of GM-CSF during acute inﬂammation. In Ag-induced peritonitis, NF- k B1–dependent GM-CSF production in CD4 T cells was required for disease and for generation of inﬂammatory monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC), but not conventional dendritic cells. MoDC were identiﬁed in inﬂamed synovium and draining lymph nodes during arthritis. These MoDC produced high levels of MCP-1, a potent chemoattractant for monocytes. This study revealed two important ﬁndings: NF- k B1 serves a critical role in the production of GM-CSF by activated CD4 T cells during inﬂammatory responses, and GM-CSF derived from
Influence of open and sealed fractures on fluid flow and water saturation in sandstone cores using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

SUMMARY We use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to image the imbibition of water by capillary action in a right-cylindrical sample of a porous sedimentary rock with low iron content. In the method some 55 repeat images are taken over a period of approximately two hours, covering five vertical sections. The evolution of the water flood front and the degree of water saturation can be observed by examining snapshots of proton density. The results clearly show (a) the development of a rising wetting front in the rock matrix (b) preferential flow along open fractures observed on the core surface, and (c) reduced flow associated with sealed fractures. The inferred location, orientation and connectivity of conducting and sealing fractures are confirmed by impregnating the sample after the test with an appropriate low-viscosity setting resin and taking serial thin sections in destructive mode. The results validate the utility of MRI as a non-destructive analytical tool for visualizing the distribution of water inside fractured porous media with low iron content. The technique identifies paths of high and low permeability in the sample, and quantifies the fracture location, orientation, and connectivity in sedimentary rocks. Preferential fluid flow in open fractures during capillary imbibition implies that the fractures are more water-wet than the clasts within the matrix. This may be due to due to differences in the age, morphology and mineral structure on the surface of the pores and the fractures.
Optimization of Gear Drive using Genetic Algorithm

An optimal design for an engineering optimization problem involves various decision variables and constraints. In engineering applications, objectives under consideration conflict with each other, and optimizing a meticulous solution with respect to a single objective can result in objectionable results with respect to the other objectives. A practical solution to a multi-objective problem is to examine a set of solutions, each of which satisfies the objectives at a satisfactory level without being conquered by any other solution. In this paper, a new population based evolutionary algorithm used to optimize the gear drive with combined objective function which maximises the power, efficiency and minimises the overall weight, centre distance has been considered. The performance of the proposed algorithms is validated and results are compared.