Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning in patients undergoing complex PCI : the ERIC-PCI trial

Background- Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Revascularisation of the coronary arteries using Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has become the treatment of choice for most of the patients with CHD. Despite significant advances in angioplasty technique and introduction of anti-proliferative medications in drug eluting stents, myocardial injury during PCI is still significant. In this thesis we hypothesised whether Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning (RIPC) can reduce PCI-related myocardial injury. Methods- Eighty-eight patients awaiting elective complex PCI were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either the RIPC (intermittent arm ischaemia and reperfusion through four cycles of 5-minutes inflation and 5-minutes deflation of a blood-pressure cuff placed on the upper arm) or control (un-inflated cuff placed on upper-arm for 40 minutes) prior to PCI. The primary endpoint was reduction of the incidence and extent of PCI-related myocardial injury, assessed by serum cardiac biomarkers, 24 hours post PCI. Results- The Troponin T level at 24 hours post PCI was 48 ng/l in the control group vs 32.5 ng/l in the RIPC group, P = 0.39. There was no significant reduction in the total area under the curve (AUC) in the RIPC group, P= 0.43. Regarding the incidence of PCI-related myocardial injury, significant elevation of Troponin level post PCI (> 5 x baseline), was observed in 46.9% of patients in the control group and in 26.7 % of patients in the RIPC group, p =0.12. Conclusion- In the ERIC-PCI study, RIPC did not demonstrate a statistically significant attenuation of serum Troponin release post PCI. The results however showed a positive trend towards efficacy of RIPC in reducing PCI-related myocardial injury.
The contribution of research-based master’s theses to knowledge building in nursing

Purpose: The purpose was to investigate the topics and method applied in research-based master's theses in nursing science.Methods: A total of 694 research-based master’s theses produced in a period of 30 years representing the entire period of a university programme in nursing science were examined. We used an explorative design with a deductive-inductive approach.Results: The master’s theses covered a variety of topics, ranging from basic theoretical and methodological issues to topics in clinical research, education and leadership. Four main themes were addressed: patient studies, practice studies, nursing education, and nursing management and leadership. Qualitative methods using interviews and some observations were the preferred approach. For those who used quantitative methods, surveys and a few quasi-experiments were identified. Nurses’ responsibility for providing high-quality and safe care is a fundamental issue in nursing science. When great changes in health care alter the conditions for reaching this aim, we identified that master’s students want to investigate the consequences for patients and nursing care. The fact that few students addressed education and leadership is worrying. It might affect the quality of education. Furthermore, one may question how nurses can be visionary and take a leading role, which is stated to be important in the literature, in developing future health and nursing care.Conclusions: Our study uncovered the importance of investigating research-based master’s theses because it provides a basis for reflection on topics that need to be emphasised in the future.
Interannual variability of the diversity and structureof ichthyoplankton assemblages in the central Mexican Pacific

We examined larval fish diversity and assemblage structure on the central Mexican Pacific (coast of Jalisco and Colima) using data from samplings carried out with a Bongo net at 12 stations during 27 months, from December 1995 through December 1998. A total of 132 taxa were recorded, and the dominant species were Bregmaceros bathymaster (90% of the total abundance), Dormitator latifrons (1.9%) and Harengula thrissina (0.8%). Only B. bathymaster, D. latifrons and Gobionellus sp. attained the 100 % of occurrence. The effects of the 1997-98 El Niño event in ichthyoplankton diversity were significant, however the prevalence of the normal seasonality could be observed. Diversity null models were used to determine structural changes in the assemblage due to El Niño effects; both species richness and evenness were highest during El Niño. The most parsimonious models of assemblage organization include the El Niño and seasonality as most significant environmental variability sources. The small-scale spatial variability expressed as the cross-shore gradient was not relevant. The dominant species group formed by B. bathymaster, D. latifrons, and Vinciguerria lucetia typify for similarity both the previous and El Niño period and the only change was the abundance difference among periods. The El Niño period was typified by the dominant species Bentosema panamense and H. thrissina, and by the rare species Euthynus lineatus, and species of the genus Lujtanus. The assemblage shows a similar organization in the different seasons, sharing the same dominant species group. Seasonality produces only changes in the abundances and relative frequencies of dominant species and different rare species are characteristic of the different seasons. The average taxonomical distinctness, that could be considered as a measure of functional diversity, was highly sensitive to the seasonal change of the assemblages independently of the El Niño; this index showed lowest values during tropical and transition periods characterized by warm and oligotrophic waters.
Introductory Chapter: Pharmacovigilance

Consuming a drug is equivalent to consume a risk. It is only when the benefit associated with the drugs are more than the risk, that the consumption of a drug is justified. Thus, it is benefit versus risk ratio of the drug which decides whether a drug is to be taken or not. The next question is how to measure risks and how to measure the benefits. Due to individualization of drugs to patients, it is the clinical judgment of the physician to identify what will benefit the patient. At the same time, risk associated with the drug can be ascertained by observations related to pharmacovigilance. The studies related to pharmacovigilance indicate what are the possible risks associated with the drug. Even drug can be associated with possible adverse reactions, intended or unintended. The only exception to this generality is the case of drug which is given in case of deficiency of specific components like vitamins or minerals. It is the study of possible adverse reactions of drugs which constitutes the essential content of Pharmacovigilance. This takes us to the definition of Pharmacovigilance. Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other possible drugrelated problems. [1] Spontaneous reporting of adverse events and adverse drug reactions is the commonest method utilized for generating safety data. Major aims of pharmacovigilance are as follows:
A Narrative Overview of the Effectiveness of E-learning in Pharmacy Education

In response to the increasing use of a range of technologies within pharmacy education, this review aimed to establish the effectiveness and acceptance of e-learning within pharmacy education and to identify limitations within the research carried out since 2013. The e-learning interventions studied were defined as any online or computer-based technology* used to deliver pharmacy education to pharmacy students or qualified pharmacists in a remote (out of classroom) setting. Evidence of short-term effectiveness of e-learning was found and a small number of studies provided evidence of long-term effectiveness. In comparisons, e-learning was demonstrated to be at least as effective as traditional face-to-face teaching methods and superior to no training at all. Six studies also demonstrated that e-learning could result in a change of pharmacists’ practice, while no evidence was found that e-learning could lead to patient benefit or improvements in care. E-learning also appears to be an engaging learning method, which is generally well received among participants. Despite a significant increase in the number of publications investigating e-learning within pharmacy education in the past five years, further research is still required to address limitations within the current literature and to fully establish the effectiveness of e-learning within pharmacy education.
An investigation of perceptual biases in complex regional pain syndrome

Patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) report cognitive difficulties, affecting the ability to represent, perceive and use their affected limb. Moseley, Gallace & Spence (2009) observed that CRPS patients tend to bias the perception of tactile stimulation away from the pathological limb. Interestingly, this bias was reversed when CRPS patients were asked to cross their arms, implying that this bias is embedded in a complex representation of the body that takes into account the position of body-parts. Other studies have failed to replicate this finding (Filbrich et al., 2017) or have even found a bias in the opposite direction (Sumitani et al., 2007). Moreover, perceptual biases in CRPS patients have not often been compared to these of other chronic pain patients. Chronic pain patients are often characterized by an excessive focus of attention for bodily sensations. We might therefore expect that non-CRPS pain patients would show a bias towards instead of away from their affected limb. The aim of this study was to replicate the study of Moseley, Gallace & Spence (2009) and to extend it by comparing perceptual biases in a CRPS group with two non-CRPS pain control groups (i.e., chronic unilateral wrist and shoulder pain patients). In a temporal order judgment (TOJ) task, participants reported which of two tactile stimuli, one applied to either hand at various intervals, was perceived as occurring first. TOJs were made, either with the arms in a normal (uncrossed) position, or with the arms crossed over the body midline. We found no consistent perceptual biases in either of the patient groups and in either of the conditions (crossed/uncrossed). Individual differences were large and might, at least partly, be explained by other variables, such as pain duration and temperature differences between the pathological and non-pathological hand. Additional studies need to take these variables into account by, for example, comparing biases in CRPS (and non-CRPS) patients in an acute versus a chronic pain state.
Feeding behaviour of the hydromedusa Aequorea vitrina

The prey-capture mechanism of the hydromedusa Aequorea vitrina was studied by means of laboratory video-microscope observations. In stagnant water A. vitrina remains stationary with its very long (about 4x bell diameter) marginal tentacles motionless hanging down in the water, ready for ambush capture of prey organisms that collide with the tentacles. A. vitrina was found to be efficient at capturing brine shrimps ( Artemia salina ), less efficient at capturing rotifers ( Brachionus plicatilis ), and very inefficient at capturing copepods ( Acartia tonsa ). The initial hauling up of an extended marginal tentacle with an adhering prey is fast (>10 mm s -1 ). Both the bell margin and the mouth move towards each other so that the captured prey can be transferred from the tentacle to the elongated mouth-lips to be further transported into the mouth and stomach. It takes about 20 s from when an Artemia prey organism encounters a tentacle until it is transferred to the mouth-lips. The subsequent digestion in the stomach takes about 30 min. When A. vitrina encounters a jellyfish-prey (a small medusa of Aurelia aurita ), it starts to swim in order to adhere the relatively big prey to its mouth-lips. Then A. vitrina opens its mouth wide to swallow the captured medusa, a process which takes about 15 to 20 min. The subsequent digestion takes 2 to 3 h. Field observations of undisturbed A. vitrina made by snorkelling in the Limfjord (Denmark) revealed that the feeding behaviour was similar to that observed in the laboratory in stagnant water. It is concluded that A. vitrina is an ambush-predator, and not a cruising-predatory medusa as previously suggested.
An observational study to evaluate the additional benefit of dual-energy CT and phonation CT in the pre-operative local staging of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the additional benefit and diagnostic accuracy of both phonation CT and dual-energy CT in comparison to the weighted average CT imaging in the local staging of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. METHODS: The institutional review board approved this prospective study and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. 90 consecutive patients underwent 64-section dual-energy CT to stage laryngeal (n=84) and hypopharyngeal (n=6) cancers. Additional limited “eee” phonation CT was performed through the larynx. Iodinedensity images was interpreted using AW Server 2.0 software, in GSI general mode. Endoscopy findings were obtained for all patients. 13 patients underwent surgery (14%) and findings from histopathological examination were obtained. Endoscopy and histopathology findings when available were used as the standard of reference for the evaluation of diagnostic performance with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and in terms of sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: For pyriform sinus involvement, “eee” phonation CT showed a slightly higher accuracy than weighted-average imaging (AUC: 0.9 vs 0.878), respectively. Dualenergy CT showed a slightly higher accuracy than weighted-average imaging for thyroid cartilage invasion (AUC: 0.567 vs 0.467 respectively). Prevertebral muscle invasion was more often identified on dual-energy CT than weighted-average images, however we were not able to provide diagnostic accuracies for prevertebral muscle invasion as surgery was precluded in these patients due to locally advanced disease. Although, mild added accuracy for dual-energy and phonation was found, we do not recommend routine use of these modalities due to poor statistical significance.
Mammal Teeth: Origin, Evolution, and Diversity

In this unique book, Peter S. Ungar tells the story of mammalian teeth from their origin through their evolution to their current diversity. Mammal Teeth traces the evolutionary history of teeth, beginning with the very first mineralized vertebrate structures half a billion years ago. Ungar describes how the simple conical tooth of early vertebrates became the molars, incisors, and other forms we see in mammals today. Evolutionary adaptations changed pointy teeth into flatter ones, with specialized shapes designed to complement the corresponding jaw. Ungar explains tooth structure and function in the context of nutritional needs. The myriad tooth shapes produced by evolution offer different solutions to the fundamental problem of how to squeeze as many nutrients as possible out of foods. The book also highlights Ungar's own path-breaking studies that show how microwear analysis can help us understand ancient diets. The final part of the book provides an in-depth examination of mammalian teeth today, surveying all orders in the class, family by family. Ungar describes some of the more bizarre teeth, such as tusks, and the mammal diversity that accompanies these morphological wonders. Mammal Teeth captures the evolution of mammals, including humans, through the prism of dental change. Synthesizing decades of research, Ungar reveals the interconnections among mammal diet, dentition, and evolution. His book is a must-read for paleontologists, mammalogists, and anthropologists.
Posterior surgical options for spondylotic cervical myelopathy

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common presentation in the middle-aged to elderly population. The cause of myelopathy is multifactorial, and cervical spondylosis is the most common cause. This review looks into the treatment options, timing of the surgery, and the advantages and disadvantages of the various posterior approaches for multilevel spondylotic myelopathy. CSM is a disabling disorder that should be addressed in its early phases. There are limited surgical options available, and each procedure has its advantages and disadvantages. Since the neurological and functional outcomes are the same for all well-performed decompressions, the choice of surgical approach depends on various other factors. Posterior approaches are good for multilevel disease as they make the surgery simpler, shorter and with reduced complications in comparison to multilevel anterior surgeries.
Genetics and Fish Breeding

Preface. The scope of applied fish genetics. Introduction. Fish cultivation. Ornamental fish breeding. Fishing. Habitat destruction. Sexuality and reproduction. Gonochorism. Primary sexual characteristics. Secondary sexual characteristics. Modes of reproduction. Egg production. Production of spermatozoa. Fertilization. Cryopreservation. Mendelian inheritance: I. Colour. The beginning. Simple gene effects. Complex effects of alleles. Interaction of genes. Summary of colour genetics. Mendelian inheritance: II. Characters other than colour. Introduction. Scale patterns of carp. Scale patterns in sticklebacks. Body shape. Fin shape. Electrophoretic variations. Miscellaneous characteristics. Quantitative genetics: I. Metrical characteristics. Introduction. Polygenic inheritance. Heritability. Growth rate. Stocks and strains. Spawning time. Food conversion efficiency. Disease resistance. Selective improvement in fancy fish. Quantitative genetics: II. Population studies. Introduction. Blood groups. Electrophoresis of soluble proteins. Inferences from population data. Molecular studies. Inbreeding. Application of electrophoresis. Summary. Chromosomes of fish. Introduction. Methods in cytology. Chromosome numbers and gross morphology. Linkage and chromosome mapping. Sex determination. Introduction. Sex ratio. Sex linkage. Sex chromosome maps. Sex reversal and sex determination. Hybridization and sex determination. Gynogenesis and sex determination. Cytology of sex chromosomes. An oddity, the H-Y antigen. Hybridization. Introduction. Hybridization in nature. Artificial hybridization. Summary of applied use of hybrids. Hybridization and introgression. Atypical modes of sexuality. Introduction. Normal hermaphroditism. Abnormal hermaphroditism. Female-only species. Control of sex ratio. Introduction. Methods of sex ratio control. Commercial application. Chromosome engineering. Introduction. Meiotic diploid gynogenesis. Mitotic diploid gynogenesis. Androgenesis. Induced triploidy. Induced tetraploidy. Gene manipulation. Introduction. Choosing the gene. Inserting the gene. Asssessing the success of gene transfer. Expression of the transferred genes. Future developments in molecular genetics. Featured fish: I. Ornamental species. Introduction. The goldfish. Koi - ornamental common carp. The toothcarps. Other species. Featured fish: II. Cultivated species. Introduction. Common carp. Salmon and trouts. Tilapias. Author index. Species index. Subject index.
Robot Comedy Lab: experimenting with the social dynamics of live performance

The success of live comedy depends on a performer's ability to “work” an audience. Ethnographic studies suggest that this involves the co-ordinated use of subtle social signals such as body orientation, gesture, gaze by both performers and audience members. Robots provide a unique opportunity to test the effects of these signals experimentally. Using a life-size humanoid robot, programmed to perform a stand-up comedy routine, we manipulated the robot's patterns of gesture and gaze and examined their effects on the real-time responses of a live audience. The strength and type of responses were captured using SHORE™computer vision analytics. The results highlight the complex, reciprocal social dynamics of performer and audience behavior. People respond more positively when the robot looks at them, negatively when it looks away and performative gestures also contribute to different patterns of audience response. This demonstrates how the responses of individual audience members depend on the specific interaction they're having with the performer. This work provides insights into how to design more effective, more socially engaging forms of robot interaction that can be used in a variety of service contexts.
The Nature of Digital Innovation and What Can Be Learned for Information Systems Management

: In all spheres of life, the ongoing digital transformation has led to an increasing variety of definitions, types, and characteristics of digital innovation. However, the diversity of terminology regarding digital innovation may cause confusion about the general concepts in this context. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide a descriptive insight into the nature of digital innovation. Our paper shows how digital innovation has altered since its emergence in the field of information systems re-search. This change of understanding has an impact on the design of information systems. Following a systematic literature review, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the identified vocabulary was conducted to gain types and characteristics of digital innovation. Based on these characteristics, we describe how digital innovation influences information systems. We focus on hospital information systems as a case example from the healthcare sector.
Study on the transcriptome in Capsicum chinense Jacq. resistant to pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV)

In order to enrich the knowledge of transcriptome in incompatible interaction between PHYVV and Havana chili pepper plants (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) from the INIFAP collection denominated BG-3821, the profile of gene expression was studied. These studies are essential for the knowledge at molecular level of signaling mechanisms for mutual recognition and, in its case, the defense response of the host to the pathogen, which may contribute to the design of new crop protection strategies. A differential expression model was used in plants infected by PHYVV and subtractive hybridization methodology by suppression (SSH), in order to obtain a library of 99 gene fragments (EST), whose expression was specifically induced. The sequence of the obtained EST’s showed that the genes expressed in this interaction may be grouped in the following categories: a) possible resistance genes; b) genes involved in genetic regulation routes; c) genes with unknown function. By Northern-type analysis the differential expression of one EST (R100 clone) was confirmed, selected on the basis of its similarity of sequence with genes playing a potential role in resistance mechanisms. With the results of this research, first evidence of genes is presented, that possibly may be involved in recognition and signaling routes in C. chinense in response to PHYVV.