Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parsing with Sparse Annotated Resources by Yuan Zhang

This thesis focuses on algorithms for parsing within the context of sparse annotated resources. Despite recent progress in parsing techniques, existing methods require significant resources for training. Therefore, current technology is limited when it comes to parsing sentences in new languages or new grammars. We propose methods for parsing when annotated resources are limited. In the first scenario, we explore an automatic method for mapping language-specific partof-speech (POS) tags into a universal tagset. Universal tagsets play a crucial role in cross-lingual syntactic transfer of multilingual dependency parsers. Our central assumption is that a high-quality mapping yields POS annotations with coherent linguistic properties which are consistent across source and target languages. We encode this intuition in an objective function. Given the exponential size of the mapping space, we propose a novel method for optimizing the objective over mappings. Our results demonstrate that automatically induced mappings rival their manually designed counterparts when evaluated in the context of multilingual parsing. In the second scenario, we consider the problem of cross-formalism transfer in parsing. We are interested in parsing constituency-based grammars such as HPSG and CCG using a small amount of data annotated in the target formalisms and a large quantity of coarse CFG annotations from the Penn Treebank. While the trees annotated in all of the target formalisms share a similar basic syntactic structure with the Penn Treebank CFG, they also encode additional constraints and semantic features. To handle this apparent difference, we design a probabilistic model that jointly generates CFG and target formalism parses. The model includes features of both parses, enabling transfer between the formalisms, and preserves parsing efficiency. Experimental results show that across a range of formalisms, our model benefits from the coarse annotations. Thesis Supervisor: Regina Barzilay Title: Professor
HUMAN-CENTERED BUSINESS MODELS FOR PLATFORM OPERATORS IN PERSONAL DATA MANAGEMENT

In this paper, business model is described as a framework of actors, roles and interactions in the ecosystem. The purpose of this paper is to examine what kind of business models there are for platform operators in MyData based service ecosystem, in which individuals are in control over their personal data and can exchange and store the data for their own purposes. We suggest novel business models for platform operators and highlight the role of MyData in value co-creation among the actors as well as illustrate how the ecosystem is shaped from a platform operator’s perspective. The method applied is a qualitative case study. We argue that platform operators play a central role in the ecosystem as enablers of value co-creation in the context of MyData as they enable individuals to take control over their data, build trust frameworks, facilitate interaction and offer value-adding services for the network of actors. The paper contributes to the discussion on networked business models and creates new knowledge about human-centered business models for platform operators in personal data management.
Research on Big Data Digging of Hot Topics about Recycled Water Use on MicroBlog Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

The public’s acceptance level of recycled water use is a key factor that affects the popularization of this technology; therefore, it is critical to know the public’s attitude in order to make guiding policies effectively and scientifically. To examine the major focuses and hot topics among the public about recycled water use, one of the major platforms for social opinion in China, the micro blog, is used as a source to obtain data related to the topic. Through the “follow-be followed” and “forward-dialogue” behaviors, a network of discussion of recycled water use among micro-blog users has been constructed. Improved particle swarm optimization has been used to allow deep digging for key words. Ultimately, key words about the topic of have been clustered into three categories, namely, the popularization status of recycled water use, the main application, and the public’s attitude. The conclusion accurately describes the concerns of Chinese citizens regarding recycled water use, and has important significance for the popularization of this technology.
Decision , Risk & Operations Working Papers Series Green Production through Competitive Testing

Electronics waste is severely damaging to the environment and human health, especially in developing countries. New regulations in the European Union, California and China prohibit the sale of electronics containing certain hazardous substances. However, because testing for these substances is expensive and destructive of the product, regulators cannot test all or even a significant fraction of the electronics sold. Electronics manufacturers have an incentive to test competitors’ products, reveal violations to the regulator, and thus gain market share when the competitors’ products are blocked from the market. We find that in many cases, regulators should not test products directly, but instead should rely on electronics manufacturers to do all the testing. Relying on competitive testing is most effective in markets dominated by a few firms and, conversely, is least effective in highly competitive markets composed of many small firms. Unfortunately, in the long run, reliance on competitive testing causes entry and expanded production by manufacturers with low quality, weak brands and consequently low compliance. The phenomenon of competitive testing has the potential to play out in any competitive market governed by product-based environmental, health or safety standards, and our insights apply more broadly to these settings. Subject Classifications: Cournot oligopoly; environmental regulation; industry self-regulation
Interactive comment on “Assessing Variability of Wind Speed: Comparison and Validation of 27

(2) Because the IAV statistical results are based on your filtered data (e.g., Section 2.2), more explanation/justification of your methods would be useful. For example, why use linear regression when power is a nonlinear function of wind speed? What exactly are your criteria for identifying "underproduction for reasons other than low wind speed" and "potentially erroneous overproduction" (lines 132-134), and how confident are you that these are legitimate outliers? What is the proportion of "derived energy data" included in each of the time series for the 204 stations that require such data (line 143)?
DoS-DDoS: TAXONOMIES OF ATTACKS, COUNTERMEASURES, AND WELL-KNOWN DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENT

Abstract Cloud computing has become a suitable provider of services for organizations as well as individuals through the Internet. Generally, these services become unavailable because of Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks that can deny the legitimate users access to the service delivered by cloud. Taxonomy is an important opportunity for researchers and cloud service providers. Therefore, it provides researchers with a general view about some contributions to understand and ameliorate their limitations and helps cloud service providers to select the best defense strategy to protect their cloud service against DoS and DDoS attacks. In this article, we present taxonomies of DoS and DDoS attacks in cloud environment, countermeasures, and highlight their solutions with another taxonomy of well-known defense mechanisms.
The Empirical Relationship between CDS Prices and Credit Spreads in Long Time Series : An Application to Large U . S . Banks

The article tests for cointegration between the CDS price and credit spread in long time series for six large American banks. The data span from 22 February 2010 to 31 December 2016. The results show that there is evidence of cointegration for most of the series when using the Johansen Trace test, but only for one when the Bayesian information criterion is used. Further results show that the series of two banks price credit risk equally up to a constant, but only one series does not reject exact parity. Tests on the dynamics between the two markets show that the CDS market contributes to most of price discovery. Further tests on the residuals show that the model is correctly specified and support the evidence for cointegration, which suggest that the BIC is too restrictive in this case.
RequiresClause ? " axiom " Identifier " ( " ParamDecls " ) " AxiomBody-> AxiomDef " { " Axiom * " } "-> AxiomBody ExpressionStmt-> Axiom " if " " ( " Condition " ) "

Programmers typically have knowledge about properties of their programs that aren’t explicitly expressed in the code – properties that may be very useful for, e.g., compiler optimisation and automated testing. Although such information is sometimes written down in a formal or informal specification, it is generally not accessible to compilers and other tools. However, using the idea of concepts and axioms in the upcoming C++ standard, we may embed axioms with program code. In this paper, we sketch how such axioms can be interpreted as rewrite rules and test oracles. Rewrite rules together with user-defined transformation strategies allow us to implement program or library-specific optimisations.
IBM Research Report Dynamic Policy Disk Caching for Storage Networking

Storage networking is becoming increasingly important, especially with the emergence of SAN over IP technologies. It plays an important role in resource consolidation and management for various systems, spanning from a large-scale data center to a set of interconnected workstations. However, existing storage systems may not scale well under the load from relatively large number of clients. Local disk caching has the potential to solve this problem by leveraging data locality with client-side storage, but it is lacking for typical storage networks. Addressing to this, this paper presents a general block-level disk cache, named dm-cache, built on top of Linux’s device-mapper architecture. It can be transparently plugged into a client for any storage systems, and supports dynamic customization for policy-guided optimizations. Experimental evaluation based on ﬁle system benchmarks and a typical application has been conducted to investigate its performance over iSCSI in a typical blade center. The results show that dm-cache can sig-niﬁcantly improve the performance and scalability of the storage system by orders of magnitude.
How student involvement develops triple helix collaborations towards innovation

In developing transformative solutions for a sustainable society, an open innovation approach to collaboration is needed. No actor in society has the capacity to create such change on its own, why triple helix stakeholders needs to find deeper form of collaboration. How can universities strengthen the triple helix innovation capacity by developing its own role in triple helix collaborations, by adding student involvement to the traditional view contributing with research? The dimension of adding student involvement will open up for new collaborative platforms that will reduce barriers for deeper collaboration between the triple helix actors, due to the neutral positions students possess. In contributing to such development Chalmers University of Technology has invited triple helix stakeholders to collaborate around the development of such a platform, the Challenge Lab an arena and platform for triple helix collaboration in developing transformative perspectives and solutions or a more sustainable society. This is a paper that is work in progress
The role of dietary breadth in national bumblebee ( Bombus ) declines : 1 simple correlation ? 2 3

25 26 Bumblebee species declines have been reported in Europe, North America and Asia. 27 Loss of suitable habitat to agricultural intensification is considered to be the main cause 28 of declines in Europe. Differential impacts on species have been recorded but 29 insufficient knowledge of species ecology means that effective conservation 30 management prescriptions cannot be put into place with certainty. 31 32 Dietary specialisation, specifically on flowers of Fabaceae, has been hypothesised as 33 driving differential declines but the reliability of previous studies has been questioned. 34 Here we present a three-year study of the foraging behaviour of two UK Biodiversity 35 Action Plan bumblebee species. For the first time, analysis of nectar and pollen foraging 36 was performed on sites where nationally rare UK bumblebees were as abundant as more 37 nationally ubiquitous species. 38 39 Results indicated that the nationally rare Bombus sylvarum collected the majority of its 40 pollen from flowers of Odontites verna and had a significantly narrower mean nectar 41 dietary breadth than ecologically similar species Bombus humilis and Bombus 42 pascuorum (p = 0.004 and 0.008 respectively). In contrast, the dietary breadth of the 43 nationally rare B. humilis was similar to the more nationally ubiquitous species B. 44 pascuorum and Bombus lapidarius. Moreover, B. lapidarius was recorded as having the 45 narrowest pollen dietary breadth, collected pollen from the least number of floral taxa 46 and was the most specialised of the Bombus species on pollen of Fabaceae. 47 48
Unlearning Perspective Transferring Knowledge to Acquisition Joint Ventures : An Organizational

Unlike organizational learning, the concept of organizational unlearning has rarely been employed in empirical research. Based on a comparative case analysis, this article examines knowledge transfer, by foreign partners, to acquisition joint ventures in China. Because an acquisition joint venture is formed on the basis of an existing state enterprise, the need for organizational unlearning arises. The article investigates how issues related to organizational unlearning affect knowledge transfer in each stage of the transfer process, namely, initiation, implementation, ramp-up and integration.
EUI Working Papers

In the last two decades of the XIX century the Italian model of economic growth shifted from agricultural to industrial. Historians maintain that this process was affected by the action of some interest groups that pursued both state protection from competition and specific public expenditure programs. Starting from the economic literature of interest groups, this paper attempts to empirically investigate the role of the interest groups in public expenditure decisions in Italy from 1876 to 1913. We argue that a proper indicator of the role of interest groups is their output. The analysis suggests that government spending was sensitive to the preferences of heavy industry rather then those of textile and cereal cultivators. We therefore highlight the role of the political process in setting economic policy at the early stages of the Italian development.
SMOKE IED DETECTION 1 SMOKE : Effective Cognitive and Field Training for IED Detection

In an earlier article, we introduced the SMOKE system of cognitively-based training for improvised explosive device (IED) detection. SMOKE (based on the acronym for the five identified types of IED search error) literally doubled the detection performance of trainees in a single session, and defeated three of the five error types. As suggested in our earlier work, the present research incorporated a simple field exercise, also based in cognitive principles, to enhance the SMOKE system. This integrated approach defeated all five error types. This research demonstrates the importance of cognitive principles in the development of training, and provides a ready-for-deployment system of training for immediate use in law enforcement applications, and in corporate, commercial, transportation, and educational security environments.
Cheng Deng Scalable and Flexible Unsupervised Feature Selection

Recently, graph-based unsupervised feature selection algorithms (GUFS) have been shown to efficiently handle prevalent high-dimensional unlabeled data. One common drawback associated with existing graph-based approaches is that they tend to be time-consuming and in need of large storage, especially when faced with the increasing size of data. Research has started using anchors to accelerate graph-based learning model for feature selection, while the hard linear constraint between the data matrix and the lower-dimensional representation is usually overstrict in many applications. In this letter, we propose a flexible linearization model with anchor graph and 21-norm regularization, which can deal with largescale data sets and improve the performance of the existing anchor-based method. In addition, the anchor-based graph Laplacian is constructed to characterize the manifold embedding structure by means of a parameterfree adaptive neighbor assignment strategy. An efficient iterative algorithm is developed to address the optimization problem, and we also prove the convergence of the algorithm. Experiments on several public data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the method we propose.
Running head: THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY IN EMOBODIED EMOTION Social Brains, Social Bodies: The Role of Personality in Embodied Emotion

Accurate emotion perception is essential for adaptive social functioning. Abnormal emotion perception and associated social impairments are core features of neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and autism. Such deficits extend to healthy individuals who share latent liability for these conditions, such as those with elevated schizotypal or autistic traits. Although much is known about emotion perception deficits in the schizophreniaand autismspectrum, underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. One proposed mediating mechanism is alexithymia, a difficulty labeling and describing feelings. In turn, alexithymia is associated with abnormal interoception and experience of embodied emotion. The goal of the current study was to examine alexithymia’s contribution in the impact of schizotypal and autistic traits on embodied emotion, as assessed by an emotion perception task that asks participants to discriminate emotions from the gait of polygonal avatar walkers and a visual body mapping task that asks participants to map emotions onto an outline of a body. Results indicated negative correlations between low-threshold emotion perception via gait and autism-spectrum quotient (ρ = -0.23, p < 0.05), as well as positive schizotypy (ρ = -0.28, p = 0.01) but not alexithymia. Decreased emotion perception was associated with decreased report of embodied emotion, on the body mapping task. The study also replicated previously demonstrated correlations between alexithymia, schizotypy, and autism-spectrum quotient (p < 0.05), serving as further validation of the AQ-10 item version. In summary, the current study further clarifies our understanding of emotion perception in the extended phenotypes of autismand schizophrenia-spectrum, while also indicating connections between interpersonal and intrapersonal embodied emotion.
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Verification of precipitation forecasts of MM 5 model over Epirus , NW Greece , for various convective parameterization schemes

The mesoscale meteorological model MM5 is applied to 22 selected days with intense precipitation in the region of Epirus, NW Greece. At first, it was investigated whether and to what extend an increased horizontal resolution (from 8 to 2 km) improves the quantitative precipitation forecasts. The model skill was examined for the 12-h accumulated precipitation recorded at 14 meteorological stations located in Epirus and by using categorical and descriptive statistics. Then, the precipitation forecast skill for the 2 km grid was studied: (a) without and (b) with the activation of a convective parameterization scheme. From the above study, the necessity of the use of a scheme at the 2 km grid is assessed. Furthermore, three different convective parameterization schemes are compared: (a) Betts-Miller, (b) Grell and (c) Kain-Fritsch-2 in order to reveal the scheme, resulting in the best precipitation forecast skill in Epirus. Kain-Fritsch-2 and Grell give better results with the latter being the best for the high precipitation events.
A simple method for distinguishing

Based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) genes, three PCR forward primers specific for Bursaphelenchus mucronatus mucronatus, B. m. kolymensis, and B. xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), and one common PCR reverse primer were developed to determine the interspecific hybrids in a population. PCR amplification with the new primer pairs was expected to produce DNA fragments of 286 bp, 117 bp and 479 bp for B. m. mucronatus, B. m. kolymensis, and B. xylophilus, respectively. Electrophoresis of PCR products with the new primer pairs distinguished the two B. mucronatus subspecies and B. xylophilus collected in Japan. It also exhibited a band-free image for Bursaphelenchus doui, B. niphades, B. sinensis, B. firmae, Bursaphelenchus sp. (NK230), and Aphelenchoides stammeri, whereas it exhibited one (ca. 100-bp DNA fragment) and two (ca. 100 and 500-bp DNA fragments) bands for B. poligraphi and B. yongensis, respectively. As PCR products with other primer pairs for nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene distinguished B. mucronatus (210 bp DNA fragment), B. xylophilus (557 bp fragment), and the eight other nematode species (no amplification), primer pairs for mtCOI and rRNA genes can determine whether B. poligraphi resides in specified trees or in study pine stands. Thus, those primer pairs would be helpful to find out hybrids between B. mucronatus and B. xylophilus and to analyze the dynamics of hybrids and introgressants in hybrid-derived populations in field and laboratory.
Table 1 : Conceptualization of compulsive buying construct in past selective studies

Vol. 03/July 2015 Abstract: Along with the positive aspect of consumers’ consumption behaviour, negative aspect also needed to consider for obtaining a complete picture of the consumption behaviour. By examining compulsive buying, this study attempts to shed some light on understanding the negativity in consumption. Based on symbolic self-completion theory, this study investigates the relationships among self-esteem, materialism and compulsive buying. Moreover, the mediating role of materialism in the relationship between self-esteem and compulsive buying, and the role of self-esteem as an antecedent as well as a consequence of compulsive buying are also examined. A survey was carried out on 223 undergraduate students. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the survey data, which revealed that low self-esteem functions as both an antecedent and as a consequence of compulsive buying. Additionally, self-esteem indirectly and materialism directly affect compulsive buying. It is hoped that, this study contributes significantly in the existing body of literature by examining some previously unexplored relationship. Although compulsive buying may help marketers to gain profit, it is a social problem. Therefore, social marketers, policy makers, advertising agencies, government all parties need to take initiative to aware consumers about its ultimate harmful effect. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.