Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metallic nanoparticles immobilized in magnetic metal–organic frameworks: preparation and application as highly active, magnetically isolable and reusable catalysts

Separation and recycling of catalysts after catalytic reactions are critically required to reduce the cost of catalysts as well as to avoid the generation of waste in industrial applications. In this paper, ultrafine noble metallic nanoparticles are incorporated into cauliflower-like porous magnetic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). With the restriction effects of the pore/surface structure in the MOFs, “surfactant-free” metallic nanoparticles are successfully obtained on a 2–3 nm scale. In addition, both the thickness of MOFs shell and the content of noble metallic NPs are tunable on the MOFs coating. Moreover, the microspheres exhibit excellent performance for the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol with a turnover frequency of 3094 h−1. The uniform cavities in the MOFs shell provide docking sites for p-nitrophenol and act as confinement nanoreactors, which greatly improves the catalytic performance. Most importantly, the magnetically responsive microspheres can be easily recovered by a magnetic field and show excellent reusability. The as-prepared catalyst also shows good activity for the reduction of other nitrobenzenes. Consequently, this work provides a highly active, magnetically isolable, and recyclable catalyst, which can be used for various catalytic industrial processes. The fundamental model can be further employed in a variety of biomedical fields including drug delivery and biological molecules separation.
Synthesis of 3 nm Pt Nanowire Using MCM-41 and Electrocatalytic Activity in Methanol Electro-oxidation

A networked Pt nanowire electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation was prepared by way of a template confinement approach using MCM-41 (Mobil composition of matter), which is a mesoporous silicate with channel-like pores of rather uniform size. From the structural analysis, the prepared Pt nanowire showed an interconnected network structure and the diameter was about 3 nm. An electrochemical analysis indicated that the Pt nanowire electrocatalyst exhibited an increase in electrocatalytic activity over the Pt nanoparticle electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction by 250 and 160%, respectively, when the area- and mass-normalized current densities were compared at 0.5 V vs a normal hydrogen electrode. These enhanced electrocatalytic activities of the Pt nanowire electrocatalyst might be related to its unique surface characteristics, which represent a mild surface roughness and favorable crystallographic Pt surface for methanol oxidation.
General design algorithm based on pseudo-equilibrium concept for multistage multi-component liquid-liquid separation processes.

A new general method for mathematical simulation of multicomponent equilibrium stage processes is presented. The procedure consists of solving component material balance equations with a tridiagonal matrix algorithm and performing equilibrium calculation based on the "pseudoequilibrium" concept, instead of solving simultaneous equilibrium equations by some optimization method. The present method is simple, fast and numerically stable. The application of the method to multistage, multicomponent extraction problems is described. Moreover, the feasibility of the modified Wilson equation to extraction problems is shown.
Sulfate Requirement for the Growth of U(VI)-Reducing Bacteria in an Ethanol-Fed Enrichment

ABSTRACT A field experiment at the Oak Ridge Field Research Center has demonstrated the in situ biostimulation of U(VI) reduction with ethanol amendment, but little is known about the stimulated metabolic pathways or composition of the bacterial community mediating the reduction. This work characterized the metabolism and community structure of a sulfate-reducing enrichment developed from sediment from the field site to help address this knowledge gap. Structure was investigated by clone library construction and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rDNA. The enrichment used ethanol concomitantly with sulfate, producing acetate. Hydrogen accumulated intermittently. The clone library contained sequences related to Clostridia, Desulfovibrio, Bacteroides, and Synergistes species. The enrichment reduced U(VI), and the reduction rate was 0.055 L/mg volatile suspended solids (VSS)/day. The enrichment's T-RFLP profile was comprised largely of Desulfovibrio-like fragments, and Desulfovibrio species are known to reduce sulfate and U(VI). A second line of enrichments, inoculated from the sulfate-amended enrichment, was maintained without sulfate. After four transfers of the sulfate-free culture, it was found unable to reduce U(VI). This culture's T-RFLP profile was largely comprised of Clostridia-like fragments, and Clostridia ferment ethanol to acetate. The results indicate a sulfate requirement for the growth of U(VI)-reducing organisms in this community.
KINETIC STUDIES OF CL-ATOM REACTIONS WITH SELECTED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS USING THE PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTOR-FTIR SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUE

Relative rate constant measurements have been carried out on the Cl-atom reactions with benzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene in 740 torr of air at room temperature (295 K), using the photochemical reactor-FTIR spectroscopy technique. The Cl atoms were generated by the UV photolysis of Cl2, and the reference compounds were CHF, Cl for benzene and chlorobenzene and isobutane for toluene xylene and styrene. Using the absolute rate constant for these two reference compounds reported in the literature, the following kinetic data were obtained for the study compounds (in units of cm3s−1). \settabs 2 \columns \+Benzene & $(1.3\pm 0.3)\times 10 ^ {-15}$\cr \+Chlorobenzen & $(9.8\pm 2.4)\times 10 ^ {-16}$\cr \+Toluene & $(5.9\pm 0.5)\times 10 ^ {-11}$\cr \+o-Xylene & $(1.5\pm 0.1)\times 10 ^ {-10}$\cr \+m-Xylene & $(1.4\pm 0.1)\times 10 ^ {-10}$\cr \+p-Xylene & $(1.5\pm 0.1)\times 10 ^ {-10}$\cr \+Styrene & $(3.6\pm 0.3)\times 10 ^ {-10}$\cr The quoted error bars are for ± 2σ. The present kinetic results are compared with available literature data to update and expand the kinetics database for Cl-atom reactions of organic compounds. The results are also analyzed to provide insights into the reaction mechanism for the Cl-atom initiated oxidation of benzene under atmospheric conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 29: 349–358, 1997
Pressure Drop Studies on Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid Through a Packed Bed

In the present study, pressure drop-flow rate behavior for the flow of viscoelastic fluid through porous media has been investigated. Aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide (PAM) and water in the concentration range of 0.02 to 0.1% wt/vol were used to elucidate the effect of fluid elasticity on bed pressure drop. Based on the observed data, the existing pore model was extended to predict the bed pressure drop for viscoelastic fluid flowing through a porous media. A statistical comparison between the existing models and the present model was made. The proposed correlation based on modified pore model predicts the data well to within a reasonable accuracy of ±10% with arithmetic relative error (%ARE) and mean relative quadratic error (MRQE) of 8.3% and 0.122, respectively.
Characterization and application of three novel biosorbents “Eucalyptus globulus, Cynara cardunculus, and Prunus cerasefera” to dye removal

Abstract Three biosorbents: Eucalyptus globulus, Cynara cardunculus, and Prunus cerasefera leaves were tested to remove Methylene Blue from aqueous solutions. The three biosorbents were characterized by the determination of the Methylene Blue accessible surface, iodine number, BET specific surface area using nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy, pHPZC, and FTIR analysis. The Methylene Blue adsorption uptakes of the biosorbents were studied as a function of pH, biosorbent dose, stirring speed, ionic strength, and contact time. Optimal conditions for maximum removal of Methylene Blue were found to be: a pH of 10, an adsorbent dose of 8 g L−1, and a contact time of 2 h for E. globulus and C. cardunculus, and a pH of 6.5, an adsorbent dose of 4 g L−1 and a contact time of 2 h for P. cerasefera. The Langmuir models as determined from batch experiments yielded a maximum capacity of adsorption by biosorbent prepared from E. globulus leaves of 250 mg g−1 against 333 .
Study of the Adsorption of Insoluble and Sparingly Soluble Vapors at the Gas-Liquid Interface of Water by Gas Chromatography.

Abstract : The paper is a continuation of the study of the interfacial properties of water by gas chromatography. Adsorption characteristics at zero surface coverage of a large number of solutes at the gas-liquid interface of water are presented. In all cases of relatively nonpolar solutes, the differential heat of adsorption is found to be less than the heat of liquefaction, indicating the gas liquid interface of water as a low energy surface. For n-propyl ether the heat of adsorption is 4 kcal/mole higher than the heat of liquefaction, strongly suggesting hydrogen bond formation between the ethereal oxygen and the hydrogens from the water surface of the liquid. Also studied was the infinitely dilute solubility characteristics of several non-electrolytes in the thin layers of water coated on wide pore diameter adsorbents. From layer thickness of about 30 A up to 2000 A, the solubility remains constant. Finally some preliminary adsorption and 'sorption' isotherms, determined by gas chromatography, are presented. (Author)
Raman spectroscopy of copper nanoparticle-containing glass matrices: ancient red stained-glass windows

A selection of red-flashed and red-coated medieval potash lime and 19th century soda lime stained glass pieces were studied in the laboratory using different instruments and laser wavelengths, both at lower and higher than the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of copper. The Raman signatures of the transparent glass matrix and the red glass layers are discussed and compared with those recorded on model glasses containing a dispersion of Cu0 nanoparticles. Evidence is given that the conformation of the silica network in the vicinity of the metal nanoparticles differs from that of the glass matrix. Hematite and carbon traces are evidenced in the Cu0-rich layers, which is consistent with the use of a combination of a reducing atmosphere and redox couples to control the growth of metallic copper particles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrostatic micro walkers : micro electromechanics and micro tribology

The Micro Walker project ,which is reported in this thesis, focuses on the development of linear micro-motors with a large dynamic range (reach : resolution). The key question for this project is if it is possible to implement walking motion in MEMS, and what can be the performance of linear micromotors employing walking motion. From their potential application in data storage guiding specifications are derived: An output acceleration of a mg load larger than 100 m / s2, 10 nm resolution, reach larger than 10 mm, a driving voltage below 30 V and a maximum linear size smaller than 1 mm. The linear micromotors to made in the project, are based on variable capacitance electrostatic actuation and surface micromachining fabrication technology. Electrostatic motors have already been made in the 18th century. The first known variable capacitance motor has been built by Zipernowski in 1889. Different propulsion principles for linear micromotors have been found in literature: Inertial drive, elastic inertial drive, impact drive, traveling field surface drive, scratch drive, zigzag drive, transformation of rotary into linearly motion, and walking motion. The latter principle is implemented in the project. Controlled friction in clamp feet is necessary for walking. Therefore, microtribology is one of the main topics in this thesis. The focus is on shearing friction in elastic adhesive contacts.
Comparative Molecular Cytogenetics and Chromosome Evolution

ABC Fax + 41 61 306 12 34 E-mail karger@karger.ch www.karger. com © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel 0301–0171/05/1083–0122$22.00/0 Accessible online at: www.karger. com/cgr Abstract. This review examines recent advances in comparative eutherian cytogenetics, including Zoo-FISH data from 30 non-primate species. These data provide insights into the nature of karyotype evolution and enable the confident reconstruction of ancestral primate and boreo-eutherian karyotypes with diploid chromosome numbers of 48 and 46 chromosomes, respectively. Nine human autosomes (1, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 17, 18, and 20) represent the syntenies of ancestral boreo-eutherian chromosomes and have been conserved for about 95 million years. The average rate of chromosomal exchanges in eutherian evolution is estimated to about 1.9 rearrangements per 10 million years (involving 3.4 chromosome breaks). The integrated analysis of Zoo-FISH data and alignments of human and mouse draft genome sequences allow the identification of breakpoints involved in primate evolution. Thus, the boundaries of ancestral eutherian conserved segments can be delineated precisely. The mapping of rearrangements onto the phylogenetic tree visualizes landmark chromosome rearrangements, which might have been involved in cladogenesis in eutherian evolution.
Analytic solution of the forward problem for induced current electrical impedance tomography systems

An analytic method of solving the forward problem for a single target in a two-dimensional induced-current electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system is presented. The solution, derived for a single circular target anywhere within a circular region, takes account of both conductivity and permittivity discontinuities between target and background, and yields quadrature components of peripheral potential differences. The solution is used to explore the effects that the position and size of the target and its conductivity and permittivity have on the peripheral potential differences and the required instrumentation sensitivity to detect the target. It is shown that the effects of a change in target conductivity and permittivity are almost indistinguishable from those of a change in target area. It is also shown how the induced-current analytic solution may be modified to simulate an injected-current EIT system.
Bean mutations from azide: an iron chlorotic strain, but no induced cold hardiness.

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) will tolerate some ice in their tissue provided the temperature does not fall below -1°C (1): The purpose of this study was to look for increased cold tolerance created by mutations resulting from azide seed treatments. Pinto UI-114, seeds were placed on wet paper towel for periods ranging from 2 to 17 hours and then submerged in an aerated azide-solution for 2 hours before planting. The azide solution was a 10-³ M NaN? in 0.1M NaH? PO? buffered to pH 3 (3).
Rayleigh and Raman optical activity: An analysis of the dependence on scattering angle

The differential scattering of left‐ and right‐handed circularly polarized light by optically active molecules is now well established in both theory and experiment. In this paper the dependence of Rayleigh and Raman differential scattering intensities on the angle of scattering is analyzed. It is demonstrated that an experimental study of this angle‐dependence should enable magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole effects to be separately evaluated, and provide a useful method for testing electronic and vibrational wave function calculations. Results for circular differential Raman scattering are given in terms of irreducible tensors, allowing the selection rules for polarized and depolarized Raman bands to be applied in a straightforward way. It is also shown how the validity of the two‐group model for chiral systems can be experimentally assessed.
Influence of clay content on the melting behavior and crystal structure of nonisothermal crystallized poly(L‐lactic acid)/nanocomposites

To study the effect of organophilic clay concentration on nonisothermal crystallization, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by mixing various amounts of commercial MMT (Cloisite® 30B) and PLLA. The effect of MMT content on melting behavior and crystal structure of nonisothermal crystallized PLLA/MMT nanocomposites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The study was focused on the effect of the filler concentration on thermal and structural properties of the nonisothermally crystallized nanocomposite PLLA/MMT. The results obtained have shown that at filler loadings higher than 3 wt %, intercalation of the clay is observed. At lower clay concentrations (1–3 wt %), exfoliation predominates. DSC and XRD analysis data show that the crystallinity of PLLA/MMT composites increases drastically at high clay loadings (5–9 wt %). In these nanocomposites, PLLA crystallizes nonisothermally in an orthorhombic crystal structure, assigned to the α form of PLLA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Stereospecific lysis of a range of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids catalysed by a novel aldolase from Streptomyces amakusaensis

Cell-free preparations of Streptomyces amakusaensis contain a novel aldolase which catalyses the conversion of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids (as 2) into the corresponding aldehyde plus glycine; the aldolase is stable, shows broad substrate tolerance, is highly selective for threo stereochemistry and, where examined, is Stereospecific for the (2S,3R) configuration.
Reverse Osmosis of Single and Mixed Electrolytes with Charged Membranes: Experiment and Analysis

Reverse osmosis experiments using single electrolytes, mixed electrolytes having common cations (sodium chloride/sodium sulfate and sodium hydroxide/sodium sulfate) and mixed electrolytes having common anions (sodium chloride/magnesium chloride and hydrochloric acid/magnesium chloride) were carried out with negatively charged membranes. Rejection occurred only due to the charge effect and was dependent upon volume flux, the ratio of the membrane charge density to feed concentration and the mole fraction in mixtures. Mono- and divalent anions in mixed electrolytes having common cations were found to be separated effectively. In particular, monovalent anion showed negative rejection. Mono- and divalent cations could not be separated as efficiently as mono- and divalent anions.Experimental results for single electrolyte solutions were well explained by applying the extended Nernst–Planck equation, and two transport parameters (effective charge density and structural parameters) were obtained. Rejection of ions in mixtures was well predicted by the extended Nernst–Planck equation with the transport parameters obtained from the single-electrolyte experiments.
RELATIONSHIP OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) WITH P AND K FERTILIZATION

A field study was conducted at Adaptive Research Farm, Vehari, Pakistan during 2007 and 2008 on loamy clay soil to assess the response of cotton (cv. CIM-496) to seven PK levels (0-0, 57-0, 57-28, 57-57, 114-0, 114-28 and 114-57 kg/ha). N level was kept uniform (170 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. On an average, application of 170-114-57 kg NPK produced maximum seed cotton yield (2460 kg/ha) followed by 170-114-28 kg NPK (2321 kg/ha). The data on yield contributing components indicate that NPK dose of 170-114-57 kg produced more bolls per plant (23) and boll weight (3.37 g) followed by 170-114-28 kg NPK with 20.50 bolls per plant and 3.32 g boll weight. Maximum agronomic use efficiency (0.86 kg/kg NPK) was also noted in case of 170-114-57 kg NPK having significant relationship (R 2 = 0.96) with seed cotton yield. The lowest seed cotton yield (1629 kg/ha) was obtained from the plot where no PK fertilizer was applied.
Minichromosomes derived from the B<html_ent glyph="@nbsp;" ascii=" "></html_ent>chromosome of maize

ABC Fax + 41 61 306 12 34 E-mail karger@karger.ch www.karger. com © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel 0301–0171/05/1093–0156$22.00/0 Accessible online at: www.karger. com/cgr Abstract. Fourteen minichromosomes derived from the B chromosome of maize are described. The centromeric region of the B chromosome contains a specific repetitive DNA element called the B repeat. This sequence was used to determine the transmission frequency of the different types of minichromosomes over several generations via Southern blot analysis at each generation. In general, the minichromosomes have transmission rates below the theoretical 50% frequency of a univalent chromosome. The gross structure of each minichromosome was determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on root tip chromosome spreads. The presence of the B centromeric repeat and of the adjacent heterochromatic knob sequences was determined for each minichromosome. In two cases, the amount of the centromeric knob repeat is increased relative to the progenitor chromosome. Other isolates have reduced or undetectable levels of the knob sequence. Potential uses of the minichromosomes are discussed.
Population Dynamics and Evolution of B Chromosomes

ABC Fax + 41 61 306 12 34 E-mail karger@karger.ch www.karger. com © 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel 0301–0171/04/1064–0359$21.00/0 Accessible online at: www.karger. com/cgr Abstract. Dichroplus elongatus, a widespread South American phytophagous grasshopper, exhibits polymorphisms for supernumerary chromosomes and segments (SS) in natural populations in Argentina. In this paper we review the available information on B chromosome polymorphism in D. elongatus related to geographic distribution, patterns of chromosome variation and influence on sperm formation. In D. elongatus the different forms of supernumerary variants are not independent. The proportion of B-carrying individuals (B prevalence) is negatively correlated with SS10 and positively with SS6 frequencies. The analysis of population structure considering the different supernumerary variants would suggest that the patterns of chromosome variation can not be explained only by random factors. Geographic distribution was analyzed scoring the prevalence of B chromosomes in 13 natural populations collected in three different biogeographical provinces from Northwest (Las Yungas province) and East (Espinal and Pampeana provinces) of Argentina. The detected heterogeneity may be explained by significant differentiation between Northwest and East regions and among populations within Las Yungas and Pampeana provinces. Correlation analysis suggested that B chromosome prevalence is associated with maximum temperature and with latitude. Additional information about the nature of the patterns of B chromosome variation was obtained comparing them with those obtained at the mitochondrial DNA level. The hierarchical analysis of molecular differentiation revealed discrepancy with respect to chromosome differentiation and also suggested that the pattern of B chromosomes may not be explained by historical factors. We also discussed the probable influence on fertility of carriers considering the production of abnormal sperm formation (macro and microspermatids) in relation to the number of Bs per follicle.