Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MEMS based miniature FT-IR engine with built-in photodetector

A MEMS-FTIR engine has been developed as a key device for the Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer, which consists of a Michelson interferometer including an electro-static actuator to control a moving mirror, an optical fiber groove for incident light and a photodetector. All these elements except for the photodetector are monolithically fabricated in Silicon using MEMS technology. The optical elements such as a beam splitter, a fixed mirror and a moving mirror are formed and aligned simultaneously with high degree of precision by Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE). The vertical side walls are utilized as optical planes so that the incident light path is located in parallel with the Silicon substrate. The moving mirror is driven by an electro-static MEMS actuator. The photodetector is placed above an angled mirror, which is formed by alkaline wet etching exposing the Silicon crystal plane at the end position of light path. All the elements including the photodetector are hermetically covered by a lid of Silicon in the vacuum chamber by using a surface activate bonding technology. In order to reduce the cost, wafer level process and separation of each chip by a laser dicer after all assembly processes are introduced. The realized MEMS-FTIR is 10×17×1 mm in size and a signal noise ratio (SNR) of better than 35dB, which comes from a good verticality of less than 0.2 degree in the vertical side walls as optical planes by managing the DRIE etching conditions.
Service quality performance of design/build contractors using quality function deployment

This note describes a model that measures the quality of the project service of a D/B firm using quality function deployment (QFD). This model is an add‐on to a model developed previously by the authors to measure the corporate service quality performance of D/B firms. The project service quality performance model makes use of 10 service quality factors and their relative weights (transferred from the corporate service quality performance model), three components of quality management systems in place in D/B projects (ranked by senior managers in D/B firms) and the relationships between service quality factors and quality system requirements (established by a professional quality system assessor). It uses QFD to calculate a quality performance index. The combined corporate and project service quality performance index can be used by D/B firms to benchmark themselves against their competitors or to monitor their own performance. It can also be used by owners to rank D/B firms relative to their service quality performance.
Optimized Body Deformation in Dragonfly Maneuvers

Tail bending associated with maneuvering flight of insects is a known phenomenon although there are only a few studies which analyze and quantify the effects and benefits of body configuration changes. We hypothesized that these configuration changes help reduce the energy expenditure in flight. This is quantified by the magnitude of the aerodynamic torque generated by the insect during the maneuver. To test our hypothesis, a dragonfly body model was constructed with the ability to bend at the joint between the thorax and the tail. An optimization problem was defined to find the dynamic body configuration which minimizes the total pitch and yaw torque. The magnitude of the tail deflection was found to be directly correlated with the yaw velocity of the body. Most importantly, our results indicate that for executing the same aerial maneuver, an insect with a flexible body was found to require substantially smaller flight torque when compared to an insect with identical morphology but possessing a rigid body. In addition, changes in the instantaneous mass distribution of the body had the most substantial effect on reducing the flight torque, while the inertial term due to the tail movement had a smaller effect.
Optical and noise performance of CMOS solid-state photomultipliers

Solid-state photomultipliers (SSPM) are photodetectors composed of avalanche photodiode pixel arrays operating in Geiger mode (biased above diode breakdown voltage). They are built using CMOS technology and can be used in a variety of applications in high energy and nuclear physics, medical imaging and homeland security related areas. The high gain and low cost associated with the SSPM makes it an attractive alternative to existing photodetectors such as the photomultiplier tube (PMT). The capability of integrating CMOS on-chip readout circuitry on the same substrate as the SSPM also provides a compact and low-power-consumption solution to photodetector applications with stringent area and power requirements. The optical performance of the SSPM, specifically the detection and quantum efficiencies, can depend on the geometry and the doping profile associated with each photodiode pixel. The noise associated with the SSPM not only includes dark noise from each pixel, but also consists of excess noise terms due to after pulsing and inter-pixel cross talk. The magnitude of the excess noise terms can depend on biasing conditions, temperature, as well as pixel and inter-pixel dimensions. We present the optical and noise performance of SSPMs fabricated in a conventional CMOS process, and demonstrate the dependence of the SSPM performance on pixel/inter-pixel geometry, doping profile, temperature, as well as bias conditions. The continuing development of CMOS SSPM technology demonstrated here shows that low cost and high performance solid state photodetectors are viable solutions for many existing and future optical detection applications.
MODEL-BASED EVALUATION OK DIFFERENT QRS DETECTION ALGORITHMS FOR USE IN MOBILE SYSTEMS

Monitoring high-risk patients requires high-quality online ECG classification in mobile systems. For safety reasons, any alarms have to be reconfirmed on a stationary system. The first classification step for both systems is reliable QRS detection, but different approaches have to be taken on each of them due to the significant difference in available computational power. This article presents the results of three different QRS detection methods reported to be very reliable. They have been tested using the same ECG databases to make comparison easier. The evaluation complies with the standard ANSI/AAMI EC38/57. Furthermore, the algorithms are compared according to their complexity, their real-time capabilities and their ability to extract other relevant parameters from the ECG signal.
A Hypothetical ‘Shadow Umbrella’ for Thermal Comfort Enhancement in the Equatorial Urban Outdoors

This paper develops a hypothetical urban mass model for thermal comfort in the equatorial tropical outdoors, in response to the need for high density living in the tropics and the increasing problem of urban heat-island. The shadow mask (“shadow umbrella”) that can shade a greater portion of urban outdoors by its very configuration is created by a CAD software (MicroStation) and made more attuned to tropical living by the use of vegetation. The use of water in climate amelioration is also considered.
Simulation Research of Vector Control System Based on the Improved MRAS Speed Sensorless

According to the basic principle of vector control for the asynchronous motor, a speed sensorless vector control system of asynchronous motor is bulit which based on the Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) theory. The traditional MRAS speed identification algorithm is vulnerable to the effects of stator resistance, an improved method of MRAS speed identification is put forward. A simulation model of the speed sensorless vector control system based on MRAS is bulit in Matlab/simulink, the simulation results show that the speed estimation method can accurately calculate the speed of motor.
Single-layer substrate integrated waveguide directional couplers

Novel single-layer planar directional couplers based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology are presented. These proposed couplers are totally realised in single-layer dielectric substrate with metallicvias, and fabricated using a standard PCB process. Prototypes of −3 dB, −6 dB and −10 dB SIW directional couplers are designed, fabricated and measured. It is concluded from the simulated and measured results that these couplers show good performances with broad operation bandwidth, low insertion loss, low return loss and high isolation etc. The characteristics of compact size and planar form make such SIW directional couplers can be easily integrated in microwave and millimetre-wave planar circuits.
New approach to evaluate lattice expansion of light water reactor fuel elements on criticality safety of transport packages under impact accidents

Abstract In order to safely transport packages containing light water reactor fuel assemblies, it is essential to maintain the fuel assemblies in a subcritical state in accidents during transport. To evaluate nuclear criticality safety, an estimator is required to determine an absolutely safe level based not only on hypothetical accidents but also on practical accident levels which, to some extent, are based on actual accidents. The purpose of the present study is to suggest the arrangement of the deformation range of the fuel assembly after an actual accident, and to obtain the maximum value of the neutron effective multiplication factor based on the criticality safety assessment for the transport cask. In the present study, two kinds of criticality calculations for the package were considered: large scale pin pitch shift and small scale pin pitch shift. For the large scale pin pitch shift, a parameter which determines the location of each fuel pin which constitutes the fuel assembly was introduced so that the criticality calculation for the fuel assembly with non-uniform lattice pitch can be performed parametrically. The result of the criticality calculation using the parameter made it clear that the fuel pin pitch is sensitive to the neutron reactivity because each of the fuel pin pitches is related to a ratio of the fissile to the moderator, and that the relationship of the ratio to the neutron reactivity depends on the type of the fuel assembly involved, i.e. the type of a nuclear reactor in which a fuel assembly is used. For the small scale pin pitch shift, the study focused on the small displacement of each fuel pin. The small displacement of each fuel pin pitch can be described probabilistically using the stochastic geometry routine in MCNP code. Using the scheme in combination with the scheme for the large scale pin pitch shift, the maximum value of the neutron effective multiplication factor of the package after an accident can be obtained. This scheme is useful to determine the maximum neutron effective multiplication factor for the criticality safety evaluation.
Zero bit error rate id generation circuit using via formation probability in 0.18 μm CMOS process

An integrated circuit for a physical unclonable function (PUF) to generate an identifier for each device is proposed based on the via formation probability. The via hole size is determined to be smaller than that specified by the design rule which guarantees successful via formation. As a result, a via is formed with a certain probability. A proper via hole size and a post-processing method are found to obtain very high randomness in the bit sequences, and it is confirmed that the bit error rate is zero through repeated measurements over one year under the supply voltage variations with noises and in a wide range of temperature. This time invariance of bits can be attributed to the fact that the via formation does not change over time, once they are formed.
Analysis of bifurcation and stability for a tractor semi-trailer in planar motion

This paper is intended for bifurcation analysis of a nonlinear tractor semi-trailer vehicle model in planar motion and for investigating its stability under constant running conditions. Bifurcation analysis shows that bifurcation diagrams of a tractor semi-trailer are quite different from those of a single-unit vehicle. Some instability phenomena of the vehicle system such as jackknifing, sideslip, and spinning are explained by correlating them with the behaviour in the neighbourhood of unstable fixed points based on analysis of eigenvectors, phase trajectories, and status of lateral tyre force saturation. It is also found that yaw planar instability of a tractor semi-trailer is caused by lateral tyre force saturation of the tractor's rear axles and/or the trailer's axles. Moreover, the stability region in the state space is demarcated, and a stability index for evaluating size of the stability region in a feasible domain is proposed. Yaw stability under constant driving conditions is analysed by using the proposed stability index.
Obstetric outcomes following atrial and arterial switch procedures for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) – A single, tertiary referral centre experience over 20 years

Repair of transposition of the great arteries usually involves an atrial switch or arterial switch operation, which can complicate physiological adaptation to the demands of pregnancy and adversely affect the fetus. We retrospectively compared outcomes of 48 completed pregnancies in 23 women with surgically corrected transposition of the great arteries (38 atrial switch/10 arterial switch operation) under joint cardiac-obstetric care in our tertiary referral clinic between 1997 and 2017. Most women delivered vaginally (85%). The pre-term delivery rate was high (atrial switch 39%; arterial switch operation 40%). Small for gestational age occurred in 56% of babies, significantly more in the atrial switch group (66%) than arterial switch operation (20%), p = 0.013. Women with surgically corrected transposition of the great arteries wishing to become pregnant are at high risk of obstetric complications, primarily pre-term delivery and small for gestational age baby. They require more careful ultrasound surveillance beyond 36 weeks’ gestation and/or may benefit from early induction of labour. Trial registration: Text/Not applicable.
Impact of IGBT behavior on design optimization of soft switching inverter topologies

A detailed examination of the factors that affect the design of resonant DC link inverters using IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistors) is presented. A detailed design of a 50 kVA IGBT-based resonant DC link inverter is used as a design example. Measured loss data for IGBTs operating under zero voltage switching conditions are provided, and various loss mechanisms are identified. An approach that includes measured device characteristics in the converter design optimization process is proposed. The suitability of the resonant DC link inverters in view of better device understanding is also addressed. It is shown that performance of this family of power converters can be substantially improved by properly choosing the resonant components for a desired link frequency. Under such criteria, loss calculation and comparison with the family of PWM (pulse-width-modulated) VSIs has highlighted the fact that the resonant link inverter can offer a far better performance in terms of device loss reduction with a moderate peak voltage stress (K) of 1.3 or 1.4. <<ETX>>
INNOVATIONS IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY: TYPES, CLASSIFICATION AND EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION

In the global energy system, the fight against climate change, meeting the growing demand for electricity, using the opportunities gained through the fourth industrial revolution and affecting all sectors of the economy and the related qualitative changes in the characteristics of electricity demand become extremely urgent. In recent years, the general pace of innovation has been growing, while introducing innovation in the energy sector has become a complex long-term challenge. Digitalization of the electric power industry in Russia is one of the key objectives of the industry development. The purpose of this study is to consider the existing classification of innovations from the standpoint of the electric power industry and to determine what qualitative and quantitative effects the introduction of innovations in the Russian electric power industry gives. To calculate the effects, we used data from Federal State Statistics Service and the Russian Energy Agency, as well as annual public reports of the System Operator and data provided by NP «Market Council». An assessment is made based on optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. As the first, the highest values were taken, as the second – the lowest values according to experts' forecasts. First proposed classification of types of innovations in the electric power industry related to changes in technology and changes in the market. The effects of each type of innovation are also calculated. The paper concludes that the effects of innovations due to changes in technology are more influential than innovations due to changes in the market.
Design of rollover prevention controller with linear matrix inequality-based trajectory sensitivity minimisation

This paper presents a method to design a rollover prevention controller for vehicle systems. The vehicle rollover can be prevented by a controller that minimises the lateral acceleration and the roll angle. Rollover prevention capability can be enhanced if the controlled vehicle system is robust to the variation of the height of the centre of gravity and the speed of the vehicle. For this purpose, a robust controller is designed with linear matrix inequality-based trajectory sensitivity minimisation. Differential braking and active suspension are adopted as actuators that generate yaw and roll moments, respectively. The newly proposed method is shown to be effective in preventing rollover by the simulation on a non-linear multibody dynamic simulation software, CarSim®.
Study on Survey of Bituminous Pavement Rut Distress and Patching Material Performance

At present, distresses of national bituminous pavement are mainly rut and crack. Occurrence of these two distresses seriously affects usability and service life of bituminous pavement. The author studied the severity and causes of pavement’s rut distress and crack distress combining with investigation of a highway. Corresponding treatment measures were also proposed aiming at pavement distress characteristics. Determined fiber patching material had good effect on the improvement of bituminous mixture high temperature stability through indoor test and entity paving of pavement, and gave priority to it as pavement patching material.
Optimal H∞ Fuzzy Control for Nonlinear Interconnected Systems via Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents an effective approach for stabilizing nonlinear multiple time-delay (NMTD) interconnected systems via a composite of genetic algorithm (GA) and fuzzy controllers. First, a neural-network (NN) model is employed to approximate each subsystem with multiple time delays. Then, the dynamics of the NN model is converted into a linear differential inclusion (LDI) state-space representation. Next, in terms of Lyapunov's direct method, a delay-dependent stability criterion is derived to guarantee the exponential stability of the NMTD interconnected system. Subsequently, the stability condition of this criterion is reformulated into a linear matrix inequality (LMI). Due to the capability of GA in a random search for global optimization, the lower and upper bounds of the search space can be set so that the GA will seek better feedback gains of fuzzy controllers in order to stabilize more quickly the NMTD interconnected system based on the feedback gains via LMI-based approach. According to the Improved genetic algorithm (IGA), which is demonstrated to have better performance than that of a traditional GA, a robustness design of fuzzy control is synthesized not only to stabilize the NMTD interconnected system but also to achieve optimal H performance by minimizing the disturbance attenuation level.
Application of vibration signal measurement for monitoring grinding parameters

Abstract Vibration signal measurements are discussed for monitoring operating parameters in a laboratory-scale ball mill. The vibration signal was first picked up with an accelerometer, amplified by a vibrometer and then transmitted to a DAT recorder during the entire testing period. The signal on the DAT recorder was resampled and converted into IBM compatible personal computer readable data format using a digital oscilloscope. The vibration signal analyses included rms estimation, power spectral estimation, waterfall plot, principal component analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Clear differences in the rms and the spectra are found for different grinding conditions. Three principal components described about 95% of the total variation in the spectra. Each principal component was related mainly to one to three major frequency bands. Close correlation was found between the vibration signal and grinding parameters. Therefore, an alternative method can be developed for monitoring the operating parameters in a ball mill.
Internal cask content collisions during drop test of transport casks for radioactive materials

Abstract In transport casks for radioactive materials, significantly large axial and radial gaps between cask and internal content are often present because of certain specific geometrical dimensions of the content (e.g. spent fuel elements) or thermal reasons. The possibility of inner relative movement between content and cask will increase if the content is not fixed. During drop testing, these movements can lead to internal cask content collisions, causing significantly high loads on the cask components and the content itself. Especially in vertical drop test orientations onto a lid side of the cask, an internal collision induced by a delayed impact of the content onto the inner side of the lid can cause high stress peaks in the lid and the lid bolts with the risk of component failure as well as impairment of the leak tightness of the closure system. This paper reflects causes and effects of the phenomenon of internal impact on the basis of experimental results obtained from instrumented drop tests with transport casks and on the basis of analytical approaches. Furthermore, the paper concludes the importance of consideration of possible cask content collisions in the safety analysis of transport casks for radioactive materials under accident conditions of transport.
Mutation Instability Model of Perilous Rock and Calculation Methods for Corresponding Dynamic Parameters

Failure mechanism of perilous rock and its corresponding dynamic parameters is one of the basic theoretical questions for the security alert implement about collapse disaster. Focusing on the dominant fissure of perilous rock, it is divided into linking patch and locked patch, and the constitutive model of dominant fissure is proposed. Based on the energy principle, it proposes the deformation energy formula of perilous rock with dominant fissure’s creeping displacement. On the mutation theory, it establishes the failure cusp mutation model of perilous rock, and the calculating formulas of creeping displacement on failure starting point and end point and the controlling factors of dynamic instability are gained. With scientific theory, elastic energy releases and transforms to the elastic and impulsive kinetic energy at the moment of dynamic instability, and a method to calculate the violent-slide velocity and acceleration on collapse mass at that moment is proposed. Practical examples indicate that this method is useful in engineering practice.