Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Swift Monitoring of NGC 4151: Evidence for a Second X-Ray/UV Reprocessing

Swift monitoring of NGC 4151 with an ∼6 hr sampling over a total of 69 days in early 2016 is used to construct light curves covering five bands in the X-rays (0.3–50 keV) and six in the ultraviolet (UV)/optical (1900–5500 Å). The three hardest X-ray bands (>2.5 keV) are all strongly correlated with no measurable interband lag, while the two softer bands show lower variability and weaker correlations. The UV/optical bands are significantly correlated with the X-rays, lagging ∼3–4 days behind the hard X-rays. The variability within the UV/optical bands is also strongly correlated, with the UV appearing to lead the optical by ∼0.5–1 days. This combination of ≳3 day lags between the X-rays and UV and ≲1 day lags within the UV/optical appears to rule out the “lamp-post” reprocessing model in which a hot, X-ray emitting corona directly illuminates the accretion disk, which then reprocesses the energy in the UV/optical. Instead, these results appear consistent with the Gardner & Done picture in which two separate reprocessings occur: first, emission from the corona illuminates an extreme-UV-emitting toroidal component that shields the disk from the corona; this then heats the extreme-UV component, which illuminates the disk and drives its variability.
Operational management of CHP-based microgrid

Energy management of CHP-based microgrid is largely dependent on optimal deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs), where optimal bus-locations, capacity-sizes, and types are three major points to be considered in a microgrid planning. Investment and O&M cost, including fuel cost, are solely dependent on types of DERs. Present paper searches a way-out of how a electrical tracking demand is economically shared between micro-turbines and diesel generators on the basis of multi-objective optimization of fuel cost as well as emission in 4-DER 14-bus radial microgrids. Optimization is done using PSO technique under real power demand equality constraint and DERs capacity limits constraint.
Anomaly-based Mobile Malware Detection: System Calls as Source for Features

Mobile malware nowadays poses a serious threat to end users of mobile devices. Machine learning techniques have a great potential to automate the detection of mobile malware. However, prior work in this area mostly focused on using classifiers that require training with data from both the benign as well as the malicious class. As a consequence, training these models requires feature extraction from large amounts of mobile malware, a task that becomes increasingly difficult considering the obfuscation and emulator detection capabilities of modern mobile malware. In this paper we propose the use of one-class classifiers. The advantage of using these models is that they are exclusively trained with data from the benign class. In particular, we compare generative as well as discriminative modeling approaches, namely Hidden Markov Models and one-class Support Vector Machines. We use system calls as source for our features and compare the discriminatory power of binary feature vectors, frequency vectors, as well as temporally ordered sequences of system calls.
Estradiol/progesterone implants increase food intake, reduce hyperglycemia and increase insulin resistance in endotoxic steers.

High doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induce transient hyperglycemia, then chronic hypoglycemia and increased insulin resistance. In addition, appetite is reduced, while body temperature and concentrations of cortisol and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) are elevated. Furthermore, concentrations of GH and IGF-I are reduced in cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a gonadal steroid implant (20 mg estrogen and 200 mg progesterone) given to endotoxemic steers would: (1) reduce hyperglycemia, reduce hypoglycemia, reduce insulin resistance, (2) reduce changes in concentrations of GH and IGF-I, (3) reduce inappetence and reduce concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and (4) reduce fever and concentrations of TNFalpha and cortisol. Holstein steers were assigned within a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments as follows (n=5 per group): C/C, no steroid and vehicle; S/C, steroid and vehicle; C/E, no steroid and LPS (1 microg/kg body weight (BW), i.v. ); S/E, steroid and endotoxin. Steroid implants were given at 20 weeks of age (day 0) and serial blood samples (15 min) were collected on day 14 for 8 h, with vehicle or LPS injected after 2 h. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (100 mg/kg BW) were carried out at 6 h and 24 h. Hyperglycemia was 67% lower (P<0.05) in S/E- compared with C/E-treated steers between 30 and 150 min after i.v. injection of LPS. Hypoglycemia developed after 4 h and insulin resistance was greater in S/E- compared with C/E-treated steers (P<0. 05) at 6 and 24 h. Concentrations of IGF-I were restored earlier in steroid-treated steers than in controls. Concentrations of GH were not affected by steroids, but increased 1 h after injection of LPS, then were reduced for 2 h. Appetite was greater (P<0.05) in S/E- (2.1% BW) compared with C/E-treated steers (1.1% BW) (pooled s.e.m.=0.3). Concentrations of NEFA increased after injecting LPS, but concentrations were lower (P<0.05) in S/E- compared with C/E-treated steers. LPS did not affect concentrations of BUN, but concentrations were lower in steroid-treated steers. Steroids did not affect body temperature or concentrations of TNFalpha and cortisol. In summary, gonadal steroids reduce hyperglycemia, reduce inappetence and tissue wasting, but increase insulin resistance. Furthermore, concentrations of IGF-I are restored earlier in steroid-treated than in non-steroid-treated steers injected with LPS. It is concluded that gonadal steroids reduce severity of some endocrine and metabolic parameters associated with endotoxemia. However, it is unlikely that gonadal steroids acted via anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions of glucocorticoids or through reducing concentrations of cytokines.
Psychogenic or Dissociative Fugue: A Clinical Investigation of Five Cases

Dissociative fugue (formerly psychogenic fugue) is a rare and little understood dissociative disorder. Following a review of the pertinent literature, five cases of dissociative fugue are described. These cases were systematically studied with a comprehensive history, mental status examination, physical and neurological evaluation, review of previous medical and psychiatric records, and psychological testing including MMPI, WAIS–R, electroencephalogram, and Dissociative Experiences Scale. An unexpected finding was that, in some cases, associated criminal activity may allow the person with dissociative fugue to continue to function in spite of their loss of memory and original identity.
Structural basis of Clostridium perfringens toxin complex formation

The virulent properties of the common human and livestock pathogen Clostridium perfringens are attributable to a formidable battery of toxins. Among these are a number of large and highly modular carbohydrate-active enzymes, including the μ-toxin and sialidases, whose catalytic properties are consistent with degradation of the mucosal layer of the human gut, glycosaminoglycans, and other cellular glycans found throughout the body. The conservation of noncatalytic ancillary modules among these enzymes suggests they make significant contributions to the overall functionality of the toxins. Here, we describe the structural basis of an ultra-tight interaction (Ka = 1.44 × 1011 M−1) between the X82 and dockerin modules, which are found throughout numerous C. perfringens carbohydrate-active enzymes. Extensive hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals contacts between the X82 and dockerin modules give rise to the observed high affinity. The μ-toxin dockerin module in this complex is positioned ≈180° relative to the orientation of the dockerin modules on the cohesin module surface within cellulolytic complexes. These observations represent a unique property of these clostridial toxins whereby they can associate into large, noncovalent multitoxin complexes that allow potentiation of the activities of the individual toxins by combining complementary toxin specificities.
A comparison of black and white women with binge eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE Binge eating disorder was introduced in DSM-IV as a psychiatric disorder needing further study. This community-based study describes the relationship between race and clinical functioning in black and white women with and without binge eating disorder. METHOD A group of 150 women with binge eating disorder (52 black, 98 white) and a race-matched group of 150 healthy comparison subjects were recruited from the community. Eating and psychiatric symptoms were assessed through interviews and self-report. RESULTS Black and white women with binge eating disorder differed significantly on numerous eating disorder features, including binge frequency, restraint, history of other eating disorders, treatment-seeking behavior, and concerns with eating, weight, and shape. Black and white healthy comparison subjects differed significantly in obesity rates. CONCLUSIONS For both black and white women, binge eating disorder was associated with significant impairment in clinical functioning. Yet, racial differences in clinical presentation underscore the importance of considering race in psychopathology research.
A WIDEBAND TWIN-DIAMOND-SHAPED CIRCULARLY POLARIZED PATCH ANTENNA WITH GAP-COUPLED FEED

A novel twin-diamond-shaped antenna is presented for wideband circularly polarized (CP) radiation. By introducing a twin-diamond-shaped patch and a gap-coupled feed structure, a left- handed circularly polarized (LHCP) antenna in bore-sight direction is obtained. The gap-coupled feed structure consists of a horizontal microstrip arm of approximately 0.285‚0 at the centre frequency and two small diamonds, which greatly contributes to wideband characteristics. The experimental bandwidths of 10-dB return loss and 3-dB axial ratio (AR) for the antenna prototype are about 20% and 9.2%, respectively. The measured gain is more than 6.8dBi over the entire bandwidth.
Assessment of CD24 expression on bone marrow neutrophilic granulocytes: CD24 Is a marker for the myelocytic stage of development

The understanding of normal surface maturation pattern of granulocytes plays an essential role in identifying abnormal patterns, which may be of diagnostic or pathogenetic significance in some disorders, such as myclodysplastic syndromes. CD24, which is expressed only on granulocytes and not on monocytes, has not been adequately studied. Surface marker studies on eight control marrows indicate that CD24 is expressed on bone marrow granulocytes in a pattern that is similar to CD11b while much different than the more mature markers, CD16b and CD35. Three sorting experiments show that the majority of CD24− cells are promyelocytes. We conclude that CD24 is expressed on the neutrophilic granulocytes at the stage of myelocytes, and hence it could potentially be used to study normal and abnormal maturation of granulocytes. Am. J. Hematol. 71:348–349, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Low-Cost Measurement Framework in Software Defined Networks

Software Defined Network (SDN) makes network management more flexible by separating control plane and data plane, centralized control and being programmable. Although, network measurement still remains in primary stage in SDN, it has become an essential research field in SDN management. In this context, this paper presents a low-cost high-accuracy measurement framework to support various network measurement tasks, such as throughput, delay and packet loss rate. In this framework, we only measure per-flow edge switches (the first and the last switches). In addition, a new adaptive sampling algorithm is proposed to significantly improve measurement accuracy and decrease network overhead. Meanwhile, we consider a low-cost topology discovery approach into our framework instead of topology discovery currently implemented by SDN controller frameworks. In order to improve the accuracy of delay, we also join a time threshold value to adjust the time delay. Furthermore, we consider and analyze the balance between measurement overhead and accuracy in several aspects. Last, we utilize POX controller to implement the proposed measurement framework. The effectiveness of our solution is demonstrated through simulations in Mininet and Matlab.
Ten-Kilodalton Domain in Ty3 Gag3-Pol3p between PR and RT Is Dispensable for Ty3 Transposition

ABSTRACT Ty3 is a gypsy-type, retrovirus-like element found in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In cells overexpressing Ty3 under the GAL1 upstream activation sequence, Ty3 RNA, proteins, and DNA are made. Elucidation of the molecular masses and amino-terminal sequences of protease and reverse transcriptase indicated the existence of an additional intervening domain, designated J, in the Ty3 Gag3-Pol3p polyprotein. A region analogous to J can be found in many retrotransposable elements closely related to Ty3; however, J does not correspond to any of the highly conserved retroviral protein domains. Ty3 mutants deleted for the J-coding region showed moderately reduced transposition frequency but greatly reduced levels of Ty3 DNA. These results show that under galactose regulation, the Ty3 J domain is not absolutely essential.
A Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of a New Sulfonamide.

THE EXTENSIVE USE of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has resulted in the formation of resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria, and bacteriologists and veterinarians have recently re-focused their attention on new chemotherapeutic agents of which the modern sulfonamides represent an important group. The sulfonamides were introduced in 1935, the antibiotics in 1940. More than 8,000 sulfonamide compounds and some 5,000 antibiotics have been discovered to date, but only a small proportion of these are used for therapy. The majority are unsuitable because their therapeutic effect is too slight or their toxicity too high. In veterinary medicine there is a need for both long-acting and fast-acting sulfonamides. The long-acting preparations are particularly suitable for the management of conditions requiring prolonged treatment, such as foot-rot and shipping fever, while the fast-acting ones are suitable for the treatment of gastro-intestinal and uro-genital tract infections. One such preparation1 which has shown marked effectiveness against pathogenic organisms responsible for gastro-intestinal and urinary tract infections, and which proved particularly efficacious when E. coli was the offending organism (1, 4) was recently made available for testing.
Effects of early vibrissae damage on neurons in the ventrobasal (VB) thalamus of the mouse

We have examined the effects of vibrissal damage on the structure of the VB of the murine thalamus. The findings are: (1) The barreloid (Van der Loos, '76) pattern can be recognized in the normal adult mouse thalamus. On the basis of size, the population of VB neurons in bimodal, the larger neurons–presumed to be thalamocortical relay cells (TCR's)–outnumbering the smaller neurons–presumed to be thalamic interneurons–by 3:1. (2) Damage to vibrissa Row‐C on PND‐1 (postnatal day‐1) results in an altered cytoarchitectonic pattern in the barreloids in the contralateral VB, which is qualitatively similar to the altered pattern of barrels in the cortex. The middle row of large barreloids is affected, which is anatomical evidence for the pattern of somatotopic organization in mouse VB. (3) The time course of alterations in thalamic architecture is different than that for the barrels in the cortex. The barreloids show progressively less severe alteration with increasing age at the time the peripheral lesions are made, like the barrels in the cortex. However, the thalamus of animals lesioned on PND‐4 or later appears normal, while the cortex of animals lesioned on PND‐4 and PND‐5 still can be altered. Thus, in the thalamus, as in the cortex, there is a “critical period” during which vibrissal damage alters cytoarchitectonic patterns, but the thalamic “critical period” ends about two days before that in the cortex. (4) Measurements of TCR's in the barreloids did not reveal any statistically significant size differences between neurons in different sectors of the experimental thalami. In particular, we could find no evidence for increases of TCR size in barreloids bordering affected Row‐C barreloid zones or for reductions in TCR size in barreloids in the C‐zones. (5) In Timm's stained normal material there is a parallel development of Timm's positive staining in the thalamus and in the cortex. Barreloid related Timm's positive staining appears by PND‐4, while Timm's staining in the cortical barrel hollows appears later by PND‐8. Of particular interest is the difference in the appearance of the barrels with the Timm's stain in the PND‐8 animals and in adults. In the former, the barrel hollows are filled with granular precipitate, while in the latter they are practically devoid of Timm's precipitate, suggesting a major changeover in the staining pattern (and possibly the functional attributes) of the terminal fields of the thalamocortical afferents in postnatal development.
Clinical presentation and treatment outcome of African Americans with complicated grief.

OBJECTIVE This study sought to examine whether ethnic differences occur in the presentation of patients with complicated grief or their treatment outcome. METHODS Analyses of a randomized controlled trial comparing a novel psychotherapy for complicated grief with interpersonal psychotherapy contrasted the clinical presentation, treatment alliance, and rates of treatment completion and response for 19 African Americans with complicated grief and 19 Caucasian Americans with complicated grief matched by sex, age, and baseline grief severity. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 16 sessions of either standard interpersonal psychotherapy or interpersonal psychotherapy enhanced with focused complicated grief components. RESULTS No differences were found in any clinical or treatment-related measure. CONCLUSIONS African Americans and Caucasian Americans with complicated grief did not differ significantly in clinical presentation, treatment alliance, treatment completion, and outcome. The results suggest that standard treatment for complicated grief can be provided successfully for different racial and economic groups.
Study of Twitter Sentiment Analysis using Machine Learning Algorithms on Python

Twitter is a platform widely used by people to express their opinions and display sentiments on different occasions. Sentiment analysis is an approach to analyze data and retrieve sentiment that it embodies. Twitter sentiment analysis is an application of sentiment analysis on data from Twitter (tweets), in order to extract sentiments conveyed by the user. In the past decades, the research in this field has consistently grown. The reason behind this is the challenging format of the tweets which makes the processing difficult. The tweet format is very small which generates a whole new dimension of problems like use of slang, abbreviations etc. In this paper, we aim to review some papers regarding research in sentiment analysis on Twitter, describing the methodologies adopted and models applied, along with describing a generalized Python based approach.
The Capsule of Porphyromonas gingivalis Leads to a Reduction in the Host Inflammatory Response, Evasion of Phagocytosis, and Increase in Virulence

ABSTRACT Periodontal disease is a chronic oral inflammatory disease that is triggered by bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. P. gingivalis strains exhibit great heterogeneity, with some strains being encapsulated while others are nonencapsulated. Although the encapsulated strains have been shown to be more virulent in a mouse abscess model, so far the role of the capsule in P. gingivalis interactions with host cells is not well understood and its role in virulence has not been defined. Here, we investigated the contribution of the capsule to triggering a host response following microbial infection, as well as its protective role following bacterial internalization by host phagocytic cells with subsequent killing, using the encapsulated P. gingivalis strain W50 and its isogenic nonencapsulated mutant, PgC. Our study shows significant time-dependent upregulation of the expression of various groups of genes in macrophages challenged with both the encapsulated and nonencapsulated P. gingivalis strains. However, cells infected with the nonencapsulated strain showed significantly higher upregulation of 9 and 29 genes at 1 h and 8 h postinfection, respectively, than cells infected with the encapsulated strain. Among the genes highly upregulated by the nonencapsulated PgC strain were ones coding for cytokines and chemokines. Maturation markers were induced at a 2-fold higher rate in dendritic cells challenged with the nonencapsulated strain for 4 h than in dendritic cells challenged with the encapsulated strain. The rates of phagocytosis of the nonencapsulated P. gingivalis strain by both macrophages and dendritic cells were 4.5-fold and 7-fold higher, respectively, than the rates of phagocytosis of the encapsulated strain. On the contrary, the survival of the nonencapsulated P. gingivalis strain was drastically reduced compared to the survival of the encapsulated strain. Finally, the encapsulated strain exhibited greater virulence in a mouse abscess model. Our results indicate that the P. gingivalis capsule plays an important role in aiding evasion of host immune system activation, promoting survival of the bacterium within host cells, and increasing virulence. As such, it is a major virulence determinant of P. gingivalis.
Entropic Measures of EEG Complexity in Alzheimer's Disease Through a Multivariate Multiscale Approach

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impact is rapidly growing in western countries. The unavoidable progression of the disease, call for reliable ways to diagnose the AD in its early stages. Recently, it has been shown that the electroencephalography (EEG) complexity analysis could be used to predict the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. Despite the EEG analysis does not achieve yet the required clinical performance in terms of both sensitivity and specificity to be accepted as a clinically reliable technique of screening, the researchers count on the easiness and the non-invasiveness of the EEG measuring system. The aim of this paper is to analyze the efficacy of entropic complexity measures as a possible bio-marker to distinguish among the brain states related to the AD patients and MCI subjects from normal healthy elderly. The research is carried out on an experimental database. Three different emerging measures of complexity are compared, namely, permutation entropy, sample entropy, and Lempel-Ziv complexity. Because time series derived from biological systems show structures on multiple spatial-temporal scales and there exists a significant inter-channel correlation among the EEG channels, a multiscale multivariate approach is also implemented. Limited to the analyzed data, the results show that the severity of the AD reflects in the EEG dynamic complexity leaving the hope of early diagnosis based on simple EEG.