Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dramatic declines in saiga antelope populations

Abstract We present new data on the size of all the saiga antelope populations; three populations of the subspecies Saiga tatarica tatarica in Kazakhstan, one of S. t. tatarica in Kalmykia, Russia, and two of S. t. mongolica in Mongolia. The data suggest that three populations are under severe threat from poaching and have been declining at an increasing rate for the last 2–3 years. The Ustiurt population in Kazakhstan was relatively secure but is now also under threat. There is evidence of much reduced conception rates in Kalmykia, probably because of selective hunting of adult males. The Mongolian subspecies shows no evidence of recent decline, but is of concern because of the population's small size. The cause of the population declines appears to be poaching for meat and horns, which is a result of economic collapse in the rural areas of Kazakhstan and Kalmykia. We suggest that full aerial surveys be carried out on the Betpak-dala (Kazakhstan) and Mongolian populations, and that funding is urgently required for the control of poaching in all parts of the saiga range.
Free Energy Simulations of Cargo-Carrier Interactions for Core-Multishell

Dendritic core-multishell (CMS) nanotransporters are composed of three parts: a polyglycerol amine core covalently linked to an inner alkyl shell and an outer polyethylene glycol shell. Aiming to unravel the preferred localization of the guest molecule within the locally well-tolerated delivery system, we transferred molecular dynamics simulations to CMS nanotransporters and verified the results with experimental data. Differences in free energy of the planar, nonpolar, and lipophilic Nile red (log P 3.4) indicated a preferential location within the inner CMS nanotransporter shell. Differences in free energy of the globular, polar and hydrophilic morphine (log P ≤ 0.8) predicted poor loading which has been verified. Replacing the outer CMS nanotransporter shell by glutamate or aspartate results in electrostatic forcemediated morphine attachment. Thus, the investigation of larger molecular systems consisting of many similar building blocks becomes feasible with our approach. In conclusion, the computational approach based on differences in free energy may improve the design of tailor-made CMS nanotransporters and enhance drug development.
A Novel Business Model Based on Real Time Bidding and Online Video Interaction Technology

The aim of this paper is to introduce a novel business model based on real-time bidding (RTB) and an online video interaction technology, and also to demonstrate how the operation of this model could possibly boost the power of advertising. In this context, power is defined to be advertisers’ ability to precisely reach their target customers with lowest cost. This business model makes the scenario become possible: when watching a video, in whatever object a viewer feels interested, he or she can simply click the object, and advertisements that tightly relevant to this object will be instantly displayed. On the other hand, if the viewer doesn’t click any object, there will be absolutely no advertisements during the entire watching process. This model gets rid of annoying pre-rolls, post-rolls and in-video ads, and brings the most frictionless watching experience to viewers. At the same time, being targeting and cost efficiency, RTB saves advertisers time and money to reach target customers. To prove the technical feasibility, a novel video interaction technology was built around a novel object recognition/tracking technique. Innovative algorithm of scene-splitting was implemented to ensure recognition and tracking accuracy. Through the videointeraction, the Click-Based Viewer Preference Database is established and served as an indispensable price reference during RTB. As a result, advertising becomes more powerful in that advertisers are capable of reaching their target customers more precisely with less time and money spent, and viewers can obtain more information from what they see.
A new isolate of Melolontha melolontha entomopoxvirus in Turkey: Morphology, infectivity and prevalence in the field

A virus infection caused by Melolontha melolontha L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) entomopoxvirus (MmEPV) was recorded in 0.87% of 1,260 larvae collected in 2001-2002 in Trabzon, Turkey. The diseased larvae had dark brown or black and white spots, compared to the normal white-cream colour of healthy larvae. MmEPV infections reduced the larval life span from 6 mo to 15±5 d (Mean±S.D.). Based on light and electron microscopic observations, the average length of the spheroids was 5.45±2.34 μm (Mean±S.D.) and the average width was 2.89±1.13 μm (Mean±S.D.) (n=50). The presence of a virus was also demonstrated in a DNA-DNA hybridization assay. The bioassays carried out to determine the infectivity of MmEPV proved its effectiveness against the third-instar larvae of the M. melolontha. The highest insecticidal activity determined in the M. melolontha larvae was 93.3% at the concentration of 7.5×10 6 spheroids/ml. Our results suggest that a Turkish isolate of MmEPV is promising for biological control of the M. melolontha larvae.
strategies in extinct and extant vertebrates Synchrotron imaging reveals bone healing and remodelling

Supplementary data l http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/suppl/2014/05/06/rsif.2014. 0277.DC1. htm "Data Supplement" References http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/11/96/20140277.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 46 articles, 10 of which can be accessed free This article is free to access Subject collections (26 articles) chemical biology  (221 articles) biomaterials  (46 articles) biochemistry  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections
Antioxidative properties in two maize cultivar under low temperature

This study investigated the effects low temperature 15C on antioxidative properties in two cultivar maize (Zea Mays L. S. C. 704 and 206). Experiments show that MDA accumulate under cold. Other parameter such as anthocyanin change is not significant but flavonoids and antioxidative enzymes activity (CAT & POX) increased under low temperature. Phenolic compounds in SC 206 increased but in SC 704 declined. Generally anthocyanin, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and CAT &POX activity in SC 206 was more than the SC704.
5G – Wireless Communications for 2020

Existing cellular technologies are rapidly coming to their performance limits. This is due not only to the growth in data trafﬁc and in the number of connected terminals, but also because we are on the verge of new era, where everyone and everything will be connected, with more demanding and varied requirements that cannot be satisﬁed by current networks. On account of this, efforts are being made all over the world to design new wireless technologies that will support the expected demands for the next decade. These technologies, embraced under the commercial name of 5th generation, are currently being studied, and in this tutorial paper we will give an overview of the main trends that are likely to make their way in the next-generation standards.
Identification of Human Blood Plasma Proteins Using Spike-In Peptides in Shotgun Proteomics

LC-MS/MS allows identification of thousands of proteins in the complex proteomes. However, a significant part of a proteome remains inaccessible for identification due to the absence or poor quality of MS/MS spectra. The method described herein allows identifying the desired proteins of human blood plasma by comparing aligned chromatographic data of digested by trypsin sample and the same sample with spikedin synthetic peptides. Identification of human blood plasma proteins is archived by assigning tandem mass spectra of spiked-in peptides to the corresponding aligned chromatographic peaks of proteolytic peptides. Using the described approach we have identified 19 low abundant proteins in human blood plasma, which corresponded to 19 synthetic peptides used in the study. SRM verification of the identifications with isotopically labelled standards (SIS) confirmed the presence in the plasma of above 17 proteins.
APP RERMS enriched matrix as an adhesion substrate for neuritic outgrowth

Specific domains can determine protein structural functional relationships. For the Alzheimer’s Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) several domains have been described, both in its intracellular and extracellular fragments. Many functions have been attributed to APP including an important role in cell adhesion and cell to cell recognition. This places APP at key biological responses, including synaptic transmission. To fulfil these functions, extracellular domains take on added significance. The APP extracellular domain RERMS is in fact a likely candidate to be involved in the aforementioned physiological processes. A multidisciplinary approach was employed to address the role of RERMS. The peptide RERMS was crosslinked to PEG (Polyethylene glycol) and the reaction validated by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometry). FTIR proved to be the most efficient at validating this reaction because it requires only a drop of sample, and it gives information about the reactions occurred in a mixture. The data obtained consist in an infrared spectra of the sample, where peaks positions give information about the structure of the molecules, and the intensity of peaks is related to the concentration of the molecules. Subsequently substrates of PEG impregnated with RERMS were prepared and SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) cells were plated and differentiated on the latter. Several morphological alterations were clearly evident. The RERMS peptide provoked cells to take on a flatter appearance and the cytoskeletal architecture changed, with the appearance of stress fibres, a clear indicator of actin reorganization. Given that focal adhesions play a key role in determining cellular structure the latter were directly investigated. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is one of the most highly expressed proteins in the CNS (central nervous system) during development. It has been described to be crucial for radial migration of neurons. FAK can be localized in growth cones and mediated the response to attractive and repulsive cues during migration. One of the mechanisms by which FAK becomes active is by auto phosphorylation at tyrosine 397. It became clearly evident that in the presence of the RERMS peptide pFAK staining at focal adhesions intensified and more focal adhesions became apparent. Furthermore speckled structures in the nucleus, putatively corresponding to increased expression activity, also increased with RERMS. Taken together these results indicate that the RERMS domain in APP plays a critical role in determining cellular physiological responses. Here is suggested a model by which RERMS domain is recognized by integrins and mediate intracellular responses involving FAK, talin, actin filaments and vinculin. This mechanism probably is responsible for mediating cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth on neurons.
The Effect of Structure Modification of Sodium Compounds on the SO2 and HCl Removal Efficiency from Fumes in the Conditions of Circulating Fluidised Bed

A. Pajdak,a,* B. Walawska,b and A. Szymanekc aThe Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 27, 30-059 Krakow, Poland bInorganic Chemistry Division “IChN” in Gliwice, New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Sowińskiego 11, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland cInstitute of Thermal Machinery, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dąbrowskiego 69, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
Research on Identification Method of Anonymous Fake Reviews in E-commerce

In this paper, a new method has been proposed for identifying anonymous fake reviews generated by click farmers in E-commerce and improves the identification rates. Anonymous fake reviews are different from the gunuine reviews. They could be distinguished based on the credibility of users, the average daily number of evaluations, the content similarity, and the degree of word overlapping. The proposed method takes into account these 5 features to calculate the fake reviews content by constructing multivariate linear regression model, Experiments show that this prelimilnary work performed well in identifying fake reviews in Chinese E-commerce website. The extracted features are also useful to identifying the fake reviews when the reviewer’s identification is not accessable.
Buildings as Intelligent Autonomous Systems: A Model for Integrating Personal and Building Agents

1.0 Abstract We describe a new application domain for intelligent autonomous systems - intelligent buildings. We show how a building can be regarded as a machine and how behaviour-based principles first proposed by Brooks for mobile-robot control can be applied to enable autonomous intelligent-building agents to adapt their control to suit the occupants. We present a novel approach to the implementation of Intelligent Buildings based on a multi embedded-agent architecture comprising a low-level behaviour based reactive layer together with a high - level deliberative layer based on evidential learning (a case -like learning mechanism). We also present a hierarchical agent architecture in which mobile agents (residing on body wearable devices) and fixed agents (residing in buildings) can be integrated, opening new commercial and personal possibilities. We discuss how this architecture is being implemented, using a combination of IP and Lonworks networking technology together with a Java programming environment. We consider future directions of this work, in particular how it might play a key role in intelligent interactive environments enabled by emerging technologies such as mobile phones and embedded-internet devices.
Chemical stability of levoglucosan: An isotopic perspective

The chemical stability of levoglucosan was studied by exploring its isotopic fractionation during the oxidation by hydroxyl radicals. Aqueous solutions as well as mixed (NH4)2SO4‐levoglucosan particles were exposed to OH. In both cases, samples experiencing different extents of processing were isotopically analyzed by Thermal Desorption‐Gas Chromatography‐Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (TD‐GC‐IRMS). From the dependence of levoglucosan δ13C and concentration on the reaction extent, the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of the OH oxidation reactions was determined to be 1.00187±0.00027 and 1.00229±0.00018, respectively. Both show good agreement within the uncertainty range. For the heterogeneous oxidation of particulate levoglucosan by gas‐phase OH, a reaction rate constant of (2.67±0.03)·10−12 cm3 molecule−1S−1 was derived. The laboratory kinetic data, together with isotopic source and ambient observations, give information on the extent of aerosol chemical processing in the atmosphere.
The Distribution of People and the Dimension of Place: Methodologies to Improve the Global Estimation of Urban Extents

What is known about the urban world is largely derived from local knowledge. This paper showcases substantial efforts at new data integration with existing technologies to develop a new suite of global datasets on urban population and extents. These new databases far surpass past efforts to construct a systematic global database of urban areas by combining census and satellite data and methods of analysis, in an integrated geospatial framework. The resulting data allow for inquiry into analysis urban issues and population by environmental and other ecological characteristics in novel ways. This paper focuses on the methodologies employed to construct these new datasets. Summary results regarding population distribution at continentand global-levels are also given, , as well as suggestions for future research.
The Esscher Price of an Exchange Option in Incomplete Markets

This paper proposes a closed form solution for Esscher prices of Exchange Options in incomplete markets, which can be used to simulate option prices. The underlying price processes are assumed to follow exponential generalized Ornstein—Uhlenbeck processes, including independent Brownian motions and jump parts. To determine equivalent martingale measures a generalized Esscher transform is used.
Title Community Detection in Networks with Node Covariates

OF THE DISSERTATION Community Detection in Networks with Node Covariates by Zahra Razaee Doctor of Philosophy in Statistics University of California, Los Angeles, 2017 Professor Jingyi Li, Chair Community detection or clustering is a fundamental task in the analysis of network data. Most networks come with annotations which can be in form of node covariates such as a person’s age, gender and location and/or edge covariates such as time stamps and ratings. However, most of the existing community detection approaches infer the community memberships merely based on the network structure. Moreover, many real networks have a bipartite structure which makes community detection challenging. In this dissertation, we first propose a model-based approach which allows for matched communities in the bipartite setting, in addition to node covariates with information about the matching. We derive a simple fast algorithm for fitting the model, based on variational inference ideas. A variation of the model to allow for degree-correction is also considered, in addition to a novel approach to fitting such degree-corrected models. We also propose a unified affinity matrix (USim) to leverage the node covariates information that can be used in unipartite networks (directed and undirected) as well as the bipartite networks that combines the information from the network with that from the node covariates into a single similarity matrix, which can then be input to a spectral clustering algorithm. We show the effectiveness of both approaches on simulated and real data, namely, page-user networks collected from Wikipedia.
Investigating the Longer Term Impact of Home Care Re-ablement Services: The Short-term Outcomes and Costs of Home Care Re-ablement Services.

English local authorities with responsibility for adult services are increasingly developing short-term, specialist home care-based re-ablement services. Reablement can be described as an ‘approach’ or a ‘philosophy’ within home care services - one which aims to help people ‘do things for themselves’, rather than ‘having things done for them’. Home care re-ablement services provide personal care, help with activities of daily living and other practical tasks for a time-limited period, in such a way as to enable users to develop both the confidence and practical skills to carry out these activities themselves.
INVESTIGATION ON THE MICROWAVE PULSE SIGNAL COMPRESSION WITH NGD CIRCUIT

This paper demonstrates the exhibition of pulse compres- sion from an electronic circuit with negative group delay (NGD). This circuit consists of a fleld efiect transistor (FET) cascaded with shunt RLC network. Theoretic and experimental investigations have proved that, at its resonance frequency, the group delay of this circuit is al- ways negative. The present study shows that around this resonance, it presents a gain form enabling to generate pulse compression. To validate this concept, as proof-of-principle, devices with one- and two- stages FET were implemented and tested. Measurements of the one- stage test device evidenced an NGD of about i2:5ns and simulta- neously with 2dB ampliflcation operating at 622MHz resonance fre- quency. In the frequency domain, in the case of a Gaussian input pulse with 40MHz frequency standard deviation, this resulted in 125% ex- pansion of pulse width compared to the input one. In time domain, simulations showed that the compression was about 80% in the case of an input Gaussian pulse with 4ns standard deviation. With the other prototype comprised of two-stage NGD cell, the use of a sine carrier of about 1.03GHz allowed to achieve 87% pulse width compression.
Relationship of Body Mass Index and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Adolescents

Objectives The prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence is a major public health problem and has increased dramatically over the last few decades. More attention is needed because it is closely related to some non-communicable diseases and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Methods The sample of the study was 44 adolescents. This research is an observational analytic study. The sample of this study measured body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic syndrome through measurement of abdominal circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and blood fasting glucose. Results The results of the simultaneous test showed that both body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness had a significant effect on the risk of metabolic syndrome (p = 0.000). The higher BMI tended to have metabolic syndrome 1.746 times higher than not having metabolic syndrome. The propensity of the unfit condition of cardiorespiratory having metabolic syndrome is 4.283 times higher than the one that has the fit condition. This logistic regression model is quite good because it can predict correctly 72.7% of the conditions that occur. Conclusions This study showed that the higher body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness conditions can be used as predictors of metabolic syndrome in adolescents.
Using Atomic Actions to Control Snake Robot Locomotion

L OCOMOTION problems are generally difficult because of the large amount of coordination required to make sure that desired movements occur, while undesired actions (such as falling over) are avoided. Snake locomotion [1] is no exception to the rule. In this project, we show that we can simplify the control of a snake robot so that it is computationally tractable, but yet can still produce interesting locomotion strategies. Our particular application is to have a snake robot navigate through complex terrains in order to reach a goal of traversing the greatest distance possible. This scenario could arise, for example, in applications where a robot needs to look through the rubble field of a building collapse in order to search for survivors. In such a situation, well-known strategies such as sidewinding may not work because these strategies are highly specialized for particular terrains. In the case of sidewinding, for example, acceptable movement is produced only when the terrain is flat enough that the contact between the snake and the surface occurs at regular intervals along the snake length. Unfortunately, this is hard to come by on a rubble field. The snake robot being used for this project (shown in Figure 1) consists ofL = 10 body segments connected in a chain. Consecutive body segments are connected by pairs of revolute joints, giving 2 degrees of freedom at each link. Thus, there are a total of 18 degrees of freedom in the entire snake, making precise control of snake movement very difficult. For reference, we set up a coordinate frame such that the length of the snake is considered the x-direction, sideways from the snake is they-direction, and up and down constitute the zdirection.