Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detailed Mapping of Urban Land Use Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Lanzhou

Detailed urban land use information is the prerequisite and foundation for implementing urban land policies and urban land development, and is of great importance for solving urban problems, assisting scientific and rational urban planning. The existing results of urban land use mapping have shortcomings in terms of accuracy or recognition scale, and it is difficult to meet the needs of fine urban management and smart city construction. This study aims to explore approaches that mapping urban land use based on multi-source data, to meet the needs of obtaining detailed land use information and, taking Lanzhou as an example, based on the previous study, we proposed a process of urban land use classification based on multi-source data. A combination road network dataset of Gaode and OpenStreetMap (OSM) was synthetically applied to divide urban parcels, while multi-source features using Sentinel-2A images, Sentinel-1A polarization data, night light data, point of interest (POI) data and other data. Simultaneously, a set of comparative experiments were designed to evaluate the contribution and impact of different features. The results showed that: (1) the combination utilization of Gaode and OSM road network could improve the classification results effectively. Specifically, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient are 83.75% and 0.77 separately for level I and the accuracy of each type reaches more than 70% for level II; (2) the synthetic application of multi-source features is conducive to the improvement of urban land use classification; (3) Internet data, such as point of interest (POI) information and multi-time population information, contribute the most to urban land use mapping. Compared with single-moment population information, the multi-time population distribution makes more contributions to urban land use. The framework developed herein and the results derived therefrom may assist other cities in the detailed mapping and refined management of urban land use.
Survivable Virtual Network Mapping in Filterless Optical Networks

Today’s optical networks must meet the unprecedented capacity requirements of 5G communications and provide such capacity under strict cost constraints. Filterless Optical Networks (FONs) (i.e., optical networks where optical nodes are solely based on passive splitters and combiners) are emerging as an outstanding solution to reduce network cost while supporting capacity growth. Due to FONs’ specific design criteria (the network topology must be divided into edge-disjoint filterless fiber trees), traditional network problems, such as, e.g., routing and wavelength assignment and virtual network mapping, shall be tackled adopting distinct approaches with respect to state-of-the-art filtered optical networks networks. In this paper, we investigate the problem of survivable virtual network mapping (SVNM) in FONs. We propose an Integer Linear Programming model to establish fiber trees and provide survivable mapping of virtual networks, while minimizing cost of additional equipment and spectrum. We show that joint optimization of filterless trees and survivable mapping significantly decreases transceivers and spectrum cost compared to a disjoint solution where the tree establishment does not consider SVNM constraints.
Robust Object Detection under Varying Illuminations and Distortions

Object detection is an interesting computer vision area that is concerned with the detection of object instances belonging to specific classes of interest as well as the localization of these instances in images and/or videos. Object detection serves as a vital module in many computer vision based applications. This work focuses on the development of object detection methods that exhibit increased robustness to varying illuminations and image quality. In this work, two methods for robust object detection are presented. In the context of varying illumination, this work focuses on robust generic obstacle detection and collision warning in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) under varying illumination conditions. The highlight of the first method is the ability to detect all obstacles without prior knowledge and detect partially occluded obstacles including the obstacles that have not completely appeared in the frame (truncated obstacles). It is first shown that the angular distortion in the Inverse Perspective Mapping (IPM) domain belonging to obstacle edges varies as a function of their corresponding 2D location in the camera plane. This information is used to generate object proposals. A novel proposal assessment method based on fusing statistical properties from both the IPM image and the camera image to perform robust outlier elimination and false positive reduction is also proposed. In the context of image quality, this work focuses on robust multiple-class object detection using deep neural networks for images with varying quality. The use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) is proposed in a novel generative framework to generate features that provide robustness for object detection on reduced quality images. The proposed GAN-based Detection of Objects (GAN-DO) framework is not restricted to any particular architecture and can be generalized to several deep neural network (DNN) based architectures. The resulting deep neural network maintains
Accounting for Biodiversity

Part 1 Introduction 1. Accounting for Biodiversity: Rationale and Overview Michael Jones Part 2 Theoretical Framework 2. Creating a Theoretical Framework for Biodiversity Accounting Michael Jones 3. Ecosystem and Natural Inventory Biodiversity Frameworks Michael Jones 4. Accounting for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services from an EMA Perspective: Towards a Standardised Biodiversity Footprint Methodology Joel Houdet and Charles Germaneau 5. Full Cost Accounting: Integrating Biodiversity Jared Davies 6. Biodiversity and Regional Authorities: A Common-pool Resources and Accounting Perspective Jean Raar 7. Accounting for Biodiversity: A Deep Ecological Perspective Jack Christian Part 3 Practical Implications 8. Biodiversity, International Conventions, Government Strategy and Indications: The Case of the UK Ian Thomson 9. Biodiversity Accountability in Brazil: the Role of LIFE(R) Certification Regiane Borsato, Jose Thomaz Mendes Filho, Miguel Serediuk Milano, Anke Manuela Salzmann, Bianca Brasil, Maria Alice Alexandre, Maria de Lourdes Silva Nunes, Clovis Borges and Marcelo Posonski 10. Forest Certification and Biodiversity Accounting in the Congo Basin Countries Charles Elad Part 4 Alternative Perspectives 11. Corporate Biodiversity Reporting: Exploring its Anthropocentric Nature Jill Atkins, Carmen Grabsch and Michael Jones 12. Who Speaks for the River? Exploring Biodiversity Accounting using an Arena Approach Colin Dey and Shona Russell 13. Accounting for Biodiversity in 19th Century Britain: William Morris and the Defence of the Fairness of the Earth Jill Atkins and Ian Thomson 14. Conclusions Michael Jones
Cationic Nanostructures for Vaccines Design

Subunit vaccines rely on adjuvants carrying one or a few molecular antigens from the pathogen in order to guarantee an improved immune response. However, to be effective, the vaccine formulation usually consists of several components: an antigen carrier, the antigen, a stimulator of cellular immunity such as a Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) ligand, and a stimulator of humoral response such as an inflammasome activator. Most antigens are negatively charged and combine well with oppositely charged adjuvants. This explains the paramount importance of studying a variety of cationic supramolecular assemblies aiming at the optimal activity in vivo associated with adjuvant simplicity, positive charge, nanometric size, and colloidal stability. In this review, we discuss the use of several antigen/adjuvant cationic combinations. The discussion involves antigen assembled to (1) cationic lipids, (2) cationic polymers, (3) cationic lipid/polymer nanostructures, and (4) cationic polymer/biocompatible polymer nanostructures. Some of these cationic assemblies revealed good yet poorly explored perspectives as general adjuvants for vaccine design.
First report of Tuber macrosporum occurrence in Poland

Premarital childbearing (PC) among young women remains a problem in Africa. Victims are often stigmatized, neglected and their socio-economic advancement in life is compromised. There is dearth of information on patterns of PC among unmarried female youths (UFY) in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of the study are to explore the patterns and differentials in the levels of PC in sub-Saharan Africa. It also identifies the factors that might account for high cases of PC in the region. The study used DHS dataset for Nigeria, Senegal, Rwanda, Malawi, Congo DR and Namibia. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine association between the socioeconomic factors and PC among UFY (15 to 24 years). The prevalence of PC was found to be highest in Namibia (25.5%) and least in Nigeria (4.8%). PC was more prominent among women with no formal education in Namibia (54.4%), Rwanda (16.5%) and Congo DR (7.9%). In Malawi, 4.5 and 78.0% of UFY had their first birth at ages 10 to 14 and 15 to 19 years respectively. Residing in urban areas in Nigeria (OR=0.37; CI=0.28 to 0.50) and Congo DR (OR=0.66; CI=0.45 to 0.98) reduces the risk of PC. The odd of PC reduces as the level of wealth quintile increases in Nigeria, Rwanda and Namibia. The identified determinants of PC included never use of contraceptive, Christianity, Islam and early sexual initiation. The study thus revealed premarital childbearing is still a problem in sub-Saharan Africa and the hardest hit country is Namibia and women with no formal education. Strategies aimed at reducing PC among UFY in this region should include improvement in female education. Key words: Premarital childbearing, unmarried female youths, premarital sex.
From Molecules to Living Organisms: An Interplay Between Biology and Physics

Share The book gathers lecture notes of courses given at the 2014 summer school on integrated biology in Les Houches, France, Session CII. It addresses an emerging field ranging from molecules to cells and to organisms. Through examples it presents a new way of thinking using a combination of interdisciplinary and cutting-edge methods, bridging physics and biology beyond current biophysics. Important novel developments are expected in the coming years that may well introduce paradigm shifts in biological science. The school had the ambition to prepare participants to become major actors in these breakthroughs. The power of integrated approaches is illustrated through two cases: interactions between viruses and host cells, and flower development. The role of forces in biology, as well as their mathematical modeling, is illustrated in both processes: how they allow flower organs to emerge or how they control membrane fusion during virus budding. The book also underlines the importance of conformational changes and dynamics of proteins particularly during membrane processes. It explains how membrane proteins can be handled and studied by molecular simulations. Finally, the book also contains concepts in cell biology, in thermodynamics and several novel approaches such as in-cell NMR. Altogether, the chapters show how examining a biological system from different viewpoints based on multidisciplinary aspects often leads to enriching controversial arguments.
Statistical comparison of the spatial distribution of both coffee leaf miner and predatory wasps

O cafeeiro esta sujeito ao ataque de pragas que podem causar prejuizos significativos ao produtor. A praga que mais preocupa os cafeicultores brasileiros e o bicho mineiro do cafeeiro (Lepidoptera:Lyonetiidae). Uma maneira de efetuar o controle biologico do bicho mineiro e atraves de vespas predadoras (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Pesquisadores afirmam que para realizar esse tipo de controle e importante conhecer a distribuicao espacial do bicho mineiro e das vespas. Tambem existem evidencias que a distribuicao espacial dessas especies pode ser influenciada pelas condicoes climaticas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo testar se existe diferenca entre as distribuicoes espaciais de folhas minadas, minas predadas e vespas em diferentes situacoes climaticas. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos no ano de 2006 em um hectare de pantacao de cafe orgânico, situado no municipio de Santo Antonio do Amparo-MG. Para testar a hipotese de igualdade entre duas distribuicoes espaciais foi aplicado o teste de Syrjala. Os resultados obtidos foram: nao houve diferenca na distribuicao espacial de folhas minadas e de minas predadas entre o periodo seco e chuvoso, folhas minadas e vespas apresentaram mesma distribuicao espacial tanto no periodo seco quanto no mes de maior infestacao da praga, as distribuicoes de minas predadas e vespas foram diferentes tanto para o periodo seco quanto para o mes de maior infestacao da praga.
Classification of Sea Ice Types in Sentinel-1 SAR Data Using Convolutional Neural Networks

A new algorithm for classification of sea ice types on Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data using a convolutional neural network (CNN) is presented. The CNN is trained on reference ice charts produced by human experts and compared with an existing machine learning algorithm based on texture features and random forest classifier. The CNN is trained on two datasets in 2018 and 2020 for retrieval of four classes: ice free, young ice, first-year ice and old ice. The accuracy of our classification is 90.5% for the 2018-dataset and 91.6% for the 2020-dataset. The uncertainty is a bit higher for young ice (85%/76% accuracy in 2018/2020) and first-year ice (86%/84% accuracy in 2018/2020). Our algorithm outperforms the existing random forest product for each ice type. It has also proved to be more efficient in computing time and less sensitive to the noise in SAR data. The code is publicly available.
In planta validation of HK1 homodimerization and recruitment of preferential HPt downstream partners involved in poplar multistep phosphorelay systems

Multistep phosphorelays involve a phosphate transfer from sensor histidine-aspartate kinases (HKs) to response regulators (RRs), via histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (HPts). In Arabidopsis, some AHK receptors are organized as homodimers and able to interact with HPts (AHPs). However, there are no data available concerning the dimerization of the Arabidopsis osmosensor AHK1. Although only AHP2 is able to interact with AHK1 in yeast, validation of this interaction remains to be clarified in planta. The ability of poplar HK1 osmosensor, homologous to AHK1, to homodimerize and interact with three HPts (HPt2, 7 and 9) as preferential partners has been previously shown by yeast two-hybrid assay. However, protein interaction studies need to use complementary approaches to avoid interaction artifacts. Here, we confirmed in planta homodimerization of the cytoplasmic part of HK1 (HK1-CP) and the functional relevance of HK1-CP/HPt interactions by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. This work led us to validate these partnerships and to propose them as probably involved in osmosensing pathway in Populus.
Mapping a human quantitative trait

Quantitative traits in humans are generally determined jointly by interacting genetic and environmental factors. For many traits that are highly heritable, environmental factors are generally found to be relatively unimportant. Genes underlying such traits may vary from one to a few, which explains most of the variance in trait values. Such genes are known as ‘major genes’. It is of interest and importance to determine the locations of such major genes on chromosomes. This is done by statistical analysis of data on members of families or on sib-pairs. The data on each individual belonging to such sets of relatives comprise measurement of the value of the quantitative trait and genotypes at one or more marker loci whose chromosomal locations are known a priori. Various statistical approaches have been developed for this purpose. This paper provides a brief overview of some of these approaches and presents relevant extensions to more complex, but more realistic scenarios. The performance of the proposed methods has been examined using computer simulations and it has been shown that the proposed approaches perform efficiently under a wide variety of scenarios.
PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS G39×CIHERANG AND MENTIK WANGI×G39 RICE IN F4 GENERATION

Current research was conducted with the objectives to identify the utmost traits that may be beneficial for the higher productivity of the grains on high protein content genotypes lines by path coefficient. Path coefficient can define coefficient correlation directly and indirectly to gain information about nature relationship between yield component and protein content to grain yield. Research material consisted of 61 selected plants from G39×Ciherang and 66 selected plants from Mentik Wangi×G39 at F4 generation. Plants were planted in Banyumas in May 2011. Number of panicles per plant, panicle length, 1000 g of grain weight, percentage of filled grain per panicle, protein content, and grain yield were correlated by using Pearson correlation and were followed by path coefficient. Number of panicles per plant, panicle length, 1000 g of grain weight, percentage filled grain per panicle, and protein content were used as dependent variable, while grain yield was used as independent variable. The result showed that protein content in both populations was not correlated with all yield components. The numbers of panicles, followed by panicle length, had highest positive direct effect to yield. The number of panicle was a positive mediator variable to yield from another variable. Keywords: correlation, direct effect, indirect effect, mediator variable, path analysis
Executive Stock Ownership, Dynamic Adjustment of Capital Structure and Corporate Performance: Evidence from Chinese Listed Marine Industry Companies

ABSTRACT Guo, X. ; Liang, P., and Xie, Z. , 2020. Executive stock ownership, dynamic adjustment of capital structure and corporate performance: Evidence from Chinese listed marine industry companies. In: Gong, D. ; Zhang, M. , and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 300–304. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Taking the Chinese A-share listed companies traded at Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2017 as samples and further investigating companies concerned with marine industry, this paper conducts empirical research on the impact of executive stock ownership on capital structure adjustment and corporate performance. It also verifies whether the speed of adjustment and degree of capital structure deviation have mediating effects on the relationship between executive stock ownership and corporate performance. The research found that executive stock ownership significantly promotes capital structure adjustment, which exerts a certain degree of mediating effect on executive stock ownership and corporate performance, and that on differentiated levels of corporate debts, such an effect is more obvious in the over-indebted companies. When the executive stock ownership is less than 5%, the effect is more significant. In the group concerned with marine industry, the speed of capital structure adjustment and the degree of capital structure deviation exert partial mediating effects on the relationship between executive stock ownership and corporate performance.
The Effect of Feeding Two Sources of Boron on Broiler Breeder Performance

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of dietary boron supplementations of 0 and 250 ppm fed as either boric acid or sodium tetraborate (borax). In Experiment 1, 45 females were caged individually at 21 wk of age and fed the three experimental diets. Starting at the onset of egg production (27 wk of age), all females were inseminated twice weekly with . 05 cc pooled undiluted semen. Eggs collected at 30, 31, and 32 wk of age were incubated. None of the treatments caused feed rejection. Mortality, age at 5% production, egg production, body weight, egg weight, egg specific gravity, shell weight, and fertility were not affected by the treatments. However, hatchability was reduced by feeding the boron diets. In Experiment 2, males were fed the same dietary treatments. Body weight, fertility, hatchability, and total sperm concentration were not affected. However, the percentage of damaged sperm cells was significantly increased in the groups fed boron.
Research on Coupled Model of the Marine Energy-Economic-Environment System

ABSTRACT Lin, X. and Chen, C. , 2020. Research on coupled model of the marine energy-economic-environment system. In: Gong, D. ; Zhang, M. , and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 89–92. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the implementation of the marine strategy in China and around the world, the development and utilization of the world's oceans have been greatly increased. However, there are contradictions and pressures between exploitation of resources and protection of the environment in the development of the marine economy. Based on the coupling among marine resources, environment, and economy, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for coupling utilization of marine resources, protection of the environment, and development of the marine economy and explores the coupling and coordination relationships among the three. In the structure of the marine energy-economic-environment system, if the economic subsystem develops too fast, it will cause the a loss of energy and damage to the ecological environment. Based on the perspective of coupled development, the study of the degree of coordination within the marine energy-economic-environment system is conducive to the development and utilization of marine energy while protecting the marine environment and promoting the scientific, reasonable, and healthy development of the marine economy. This paper first introduces research into the marine energy-economic-environment system and then constructs a coupled model of the marine energy-economic-environment system based on big data, which can mine the value behind the data quickly, accurately, and effectively by using big data technology.
Experimental Study on Influence of Disc Number on Soil Failure State of Concrete Expanded-Plate Pile under Horizontal Force in Oceanographic Engineering

ABSTRACT Qian, Y. ; He, M. , and Wang, R. , 2020. Experimental study on influence of disc number on soil failure state of concrete expanded-plate pile under horizontal force in oceanographic engineering. In: Gong, D. ; Zhang, M. , and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 660–663. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. As a new type of variable section pile, concrete expansion piles have the advantages of high bearing capacity, strong overturning resistance, and flexible design position. However, the effects of disc parameters on failure state and bearing capacity need further study. In this study, taking disc number as the main parameter, an innovative semisection pile model test method of undisturbed soil is proposed to study the influence of disc number on horizontal bearing capacity and soil failure state of concrete expanded piles under horizontal force. The research results of this study have further improved the test method, test device, and theoretical research conclusion of the undisturbed soil half-section model, which promotes popularization and application of concrete expansion piles.