Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid piezo/triboelectric nanogenerator for stray magnetic energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing applications

The State Grid Corporation of China, Grant/Award Number: 52094020006Z Abstract Stray magnetic fields with a fixed frequency of 50/60 Hz are ubiquitous in buildings, factories, and power system equipment. Researchers are increasingly focusing on harvesting electrical energy from stray magnetic fields to provide sustainable energy for the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Magneto‐mechano‐electric energy conversion is the most efficient way to convert low‐frequency stray magnetic fields into electricity. In this study, we proposed a hybrid piezo/triboelectric nanogenerator (HP/TENG) on the basis of a cantilever beam to use stray magnetic fields from the surrounding environment. The hybrid nanogenerator provided high output voltage/current and power of ∼176 V/ 375 μA and 4.7 mW (matched impedance of 20 kΩ) in a magnetic field environment of 4 Oe. The device provided a stable 3.6 V direct current output by incorporating energy management circuitry to sustainably drive power to commercial wireless temperature/ humidity sensors. The HP/TENG has a significant application potential in IoT, which can use stray magnetic energy and a power wireless sensor system.
Minimum Set of Rotor Parameters for Synchronous Reluctance Machine and Improved Optimization Convergence via Forced Rotor Barrier Feasibility

Although rare earth materials are the critical component in high torque density permanent magnet machines, their use has historically been a commercial risk. The alternatives that have been in the recent industry focus are synchronous reluctance machines (SyRM). They have lower torque density but also relatively low material cost and higher overload capability. Multi-layer IPM and SyRM machines have significant geometric complexity, resulting in a high number of parameters. Considering that modern machine design requires the use of optimization algorithms with computational load proportional to the number of parameters, the whole design process can take several days. This paper presents novel SyRM parameterization with reduced number of parameters. Furthermore, the paper introduces the novel forced feasibility concept, applied on rotor barrier parameters, resulting in improved optimization convergence with overall optimization time reduced by 12.3%. Proposed approaches were demonstrated using optimization procedure based on the existing differential evolution algorithm (DE) framework.
Electrochemical Determination of Uric Acid in Urine by Using Zeolite Imidazolate Framework-11 Modified Electrode

In the present article, the synthesis of zeolite imidazole framework-11 (ZIF-11) by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal process and its application as an electrode modifier for electrochemical determination of uric acid in urine are demonstrated. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. It was found that the ZIF-11 with rhombic dodecahedron topology and high surface area (1066 m2.g-1) was synthesized in a certain temperature and found in around 25–40°C, and other crystalline phases of zinc benzimidazolate deferring from ZIF-11 phase were found in less 25°C or higher than 40°C. The ZIF-11 is stable in the pH range 6-10. The modification of glassy carbon electrode was performed with ZIF-67 using the drop-casting procedure. The present ZIF-11 modified electrode was employed to study the electrochemical behavior of uric acid (UA). UA oxidation is catalyzed by this electrode in aqueous buffer solution (pH 7) with a decrease of 70 mV in overpotential compared to glassy carbon electrode. With the differential pulse–anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV) method, the oxidation current of UA versus its concentration shows good linearity in the range 20–540μM ( ) with a detection limit of 0.48 μM ( ). The obtained ZIF-11 modified electrode was applied in the detection of UA content in urine samples, and satisfied results were obtained.
Origin and Genetic Diversity of Nepalese Indigenous Goats (Capra hircus)

Background: A very little study has been conducted on the phylogenetic diversity of Nepalese indigenous goats where four breeds, Khari, Chyangra, Terai and Sinhal, have been identified.Methods: The 625-bp long sequences of the mitochondrial DNA hyper-variable region obtained from 93 goats in this study revealed high haplotype diversity among breeds, which come under four haplogroups (A-D). Result: The study demonstrated a certain level of gene flow among the neighboring goat populations exhibiting no correspondence between the geographic regions of origin and relationships among breeds. The complex mtDNA diversity and structure identified among indigenous Nepalese goats can be explained by gene flow through ancient trading and the current ‘free’ movement of goats across the geographic vicinities in India and China. Furthermore, HapG B showed the southward direction of gene flow which does not cross the Himalayas, whereas HapG B1 revealed the South-West gene flow from the claimed domestication center for HapG B, China, to Nepal.
Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 Supplementation on Total Cholesterol, and on the Parameters of Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Digestion in Thai Hypercholesterolemic Subjects

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. Probiotics can help to improve high blood lipid levels in hypercholesterolemia patients. Lactobacillus paracasei has been reported to have beneficial effects in several subjects; however, there is a lack of studies on Thai hypercholesterolemic subjects. Thus, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of L. paracasei HII01 on cholesterol, oxidative stress, and other biomarkers. Fifty-two subjects were randomized into two groups: the L. paracasei treatment group and the placebo group. The study was conducted over an intervention period of 12 weeks of supplementation. The results show that L. paracasei HII01 significantly reduced the total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TGs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the patients, and increased their HDL, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and propionic acid compared to the placebo group. Moreover, the supplementation of L. paracasei HII01 significantly increased lactic acid, IL-10 and IFN-γ, and substantially decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) at the end of the treatment. The results suggest that L. paracasei HII01 improves the blood lipid profile, reduces oxidative stress, and is beneficial for health among Thai hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Using Graphene-Based Grease as a Heat Conduction Material for Hectowatt-Level LEDs: A Natural Convection Experiment

In this study, a self-adjusting concentration of graphene thermal grease was developed to reduce the contact surface thermal resistance of 50 W light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The purpose was to identify an important type of heat conduction material with a high thermal conductivity coefficient, which can be applied to the contact surface of various high-heat sources or concentrated heat sources to achieve seamless heat transfer with an extremely low thermal resistance state. The contact heat conduction material conductivity reached the highest K value of 13.4 W/m·K with a 15 wt. % self-adjusting concentration of graphene grease. This material could continuously achieve a completely uniform and rapid thermal diffusion of heat energy. Therefore, we performed an analysis of chip-on-board light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a highly concentrated heat source, which showed excellent heat dissipation under natural convection heat transfer. As such, this study achieved the natural convection mechanism and a heat sink volume thermal performance capacity of 473,750 mm3 for LEDs under 50 W, but those over 50 W require an enhanced forced convection solution and a heat sink volume thermal performance capacity between 473,750 mm3 and 947,500 mm3. If the heat source dissipation reaches 100 W, the volume capacity must be at least 947,500 mm3 for lighting equipment applications. In the experimental study, we also verified and analyzed the research data, including an analysis of the measured data, grease component wt. %, heat sink material selection, increase in heat sink volume, heat transfer path, and contact surface, a discrimination analysis of infrared thermal images, and an analysis of flow visualization, which were conducted to ensure quantitative and qualitative improvement, provide a mechanism for judging the technical performance, and provide research results to enable discussion.
Biocrude from Nannochloropsis gaditana by Hydrothermal Liquefaction: An Experimental Design Approach

The aim of the present work was focused on optimising the yield and quality of the biocrude obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Nannochloropsis gaditana. Temperature, reaction time and microalga concentration were the variables used to carry out an experimental factorial design with a central composite design. The responses chosen were the biocrude yield and the nitrogen and oxygen content in the biocrude phase. A second-order model was obtained to predict the responses as a function of these variables. Temperature is the most determining factor with a positive influence on biocrude yield. The maximum biocrude yield (42.3 ± 0.8 wt%) was obtained at 320 °C, 10 min of reaction and 10 wt% microalgae concentration, and the nitrogen and oxygen content significantly decreased with respect to their corresponding levels in the initial microalgal biomass. The HHV value of the biocrude was 35.7 MJ/kg. The biocrude was composed of 30% of linear and branched hydrocarbons.
Path planning of robotic arm based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm

Robotic Arms are used in many fields due to their high accuracy. A robotic arm has the advantage of solving the same tasks as a human arm because of its similar structure and working repetitively and independently of any human. Setting up a robotic arm's task requires the engineer to plan a path for solving the task. Using an approach with reinforcement learning to make the robotic arm learn the path independently has not been feasible due to robotic arm tasks' sparse rewards. A recently successful method of using Reinforcement Learning is the concept of Hindsight Experience Replay. This article extends the difficulty of existing tasks to two new tasks and examines Hindsight Experience Replay's performance on these tasks. In the first experiment, the robotic arm has to move a ball towards a point that is far outside of its reach, similar to golf. In the second experiment, the task is to toss a ball into a box outside its reach, similar to basketball. Results show that vanilla Hindsight Experience Replay performs poorly on these tasks. Further research on solving the tasks with improvements to Hindsight Experience Replay, like Hindsight Goal Generation and Energy‐Based Hindsight Experience Prioritization, is required to solve them further.
Turbulent Mixing and the Formation of an Intermediate Nepheloid Layer Above the Siberian Continental Shelf Break

Intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs) form important pathways for the cross‐slope transport and vertical export of particulate matter, including carbon. While intermediate maxima in particle settling fluxes have been reported in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, direct observations of turbid INLs above the continental slope are still lacking. In this study, we provide the first direct evidence of an INL, coinciding with enhanced mid‐water turbulent dissipation rates, over the Laptev Sea continental slope in summer 2018. Current velocity data show a period of enhanced downslope flow with depressed isopcynals, suggesting that the enhanced turbulent dissipation is probably the consequence of the presence of an unsteady lee wave. Similar events occur mostly during ice free periods, suggesting an increasing frequency of episodic cross‐slope particle transport in the future. The discovery of the INL and the episodic generation mechanism provide new insights into particle transport dynamics in this rapidly changing environment.
Scars of human–elephant conflict: patterns inferred from field observations of Asian elephants in Sri Lanka

Abstract Context. Human–elephant conflict (HEC) is a major threat to Asian elephants as humans and elephants are forced to share common resources. In Sri Lanka, human-dominated landscapes adjacent to protected areas promote high rates of HEC, especially in the form of crop-foraging by elephants. Crop-foraging can be dangerous to both elephants and humans involved in the conflict. Gunfire is a common way for human communities to deter crop-foraging elephants, and gunshot wounds are commonly described in this elephant population on necropsy. Aims. We sought to quantify and describe unique scar patterns among Asian elephants in a protected area, Wasgamuwa National Park, attributed to HEC. Methods. We identified 38 adult female and 64 adult male elephants and recorded the age class and body condition of each with established standards. Using photographs, we counted the number, position, and relative size of all scars on each animal. Key results. Male elephants had significantly more scars than did females, and for males, the number of scars increased progressively with age. Additionally, male elephants with higher body conditions had more scars. Finally, males tended to have more scars towards the head, especially at older ages. Conclusions. Differences in total scar counts between the sexes in this population imply that male elephants in this area more frequently engage in HEC than do females, following observations previously described in the literature. Furthermore, the fact that male elephants acquired progressively more scars as they aged, and that fatter elephants had more scars, indicates that previous exposure to HEC may not have been a deterrent for future events among these males, and potentially, crops served as valuable food sources for these animals. Finally, the changing body locations of these scars with age in males possibly shows plastic behavioural responses during crop-foraging or lower tolerance by farmers towards habitual crop foragers. Implications. These results emphasise the need for animal-based approaches to HEC mitigation. Similarly, conservation managers in Sri Lanka and other elephant range countries should investigate similar methods that estimate patterns of HEC to develop effective management strategies directly targeting animals most likely to engage in conflict.
Possible Relationship Between Korean Heat Wave and Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Genesis Frequency

This study conducted a correlation analysis between tropical cyclone genesis frequency (TCGF) in the western North Pacific (WNP) and heat wave days (HWD) in Korea during July and August for 46 years (1973-2018) and we found showed a strong positive correlation between them. This implied that the higher the TCGF in the WNP during July and August, the higher the HWD in Korea becomes. To examine the cause of the statistically significant positive correlation between the TCGF during July and August in the WNP and the HWD in Korea, 15 years with the highest frequency and the lowest frequency out of the 46 years in the TCGF time series were selected and defined as high TCGF years and low TCGF years, respectively. An analysis of the difference in 2m air temperature (Air2m) between the two groups showed that in the mid-latitude region of Asia, the Air2m was higher during the high TCGF years. Thus, it could be seen from this analysis that the increase of HWD during the high TCGF years is likely to occur in the entire mid-latitude region of East Asia as well as in Korea. According to the difference in atmospheric circulations between the two groups, in all layers of the troposphere, anomalous anticyclonic and cycloninc circulations were strengthened in the mid-latitude region of East Asia and in the WNP, respectively, which was similar to the Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern. Furthermore, the anomalous anticyclone strengthened in the mid-latitude region of East Asia was associated with the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon, and the anomalous cyclone strengthened in the WNP was associated with the WNP summer monsoon. The difference in the vertical meridional circulation averaged over the longitude range where Korea is located showed that anomalous upward and downward flows were strengthened in the WNP and in the latitude where Korea is located, respectively. This implied that the local Hadley circulation was strengthened during the high TCGF years. An analysis of the difference in the mean sea surface temperature during July and August showed that the eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña was strengthened during the high TCGF years. To determine the cause of the formations of anomalous anticyclones in the mid-latitude region of East Asia and in the WNP during the high TCGF years, the 500 hPa wave activity flux was analyzed. The wave activity flux originated from the North Atlantic, passed through the Scandinavian Peninsula, the North coast of Russia, and East Siberia before reaching Korea and the WNP. This spatial distribution was similar to the Scandinavia teleconnection pattern. Therefore, we conclude that the anomalous anticyclone formed in the mid-latitude region of East Asia and the anomalous cyclone formed in the WNP during the high TCGF years are associated with the Scandinavia teleconnection pattern.
Cross-Societal Analysis of Climate Change Awareness and Its Relation to SDG 13: A Knowledge Synthesis from Text Mining

The awareness and the engagement of various stakeholders play a crucial role in the successful implementation of climate policy and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDG 13, which refers to climate action, has three targets for combating climate change and its impact. Among the three targets, SDG 13.3 aims to “improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning”. This target should be implemented based on the understanding of climate change awareness among various groups of societies. Furthermore, the indicator related to awareness-raising is absent in SDG 13.3. Hence, this study aims to explore the differences in climate change awareness among various social groups within a country from a text mining technique. By collecting and analyzing a large volume of text data from various sources, climate change awareness was investigated from a multilateral perspective. Two text analyses were utilized for this purpose: Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and term co-occurrence network analysis. In order to integrate and comparatively analyze the awareness differences among diverse groups, extracted topics were compared by classifying them into four indicators derived from the detailed targets in SDG 13.3: mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning. The results show that the Korean public exhibited a relatively high awareness of early warning compared to the other four groups, and the media dealt with climate change issues with the widest perspective. The Korean government and academia notably had a high awareness of both climate change mitigation and adaptation. In addition, corporations based in Korea were observed to have substantially focused awareness on climate change mitigation for greenhouse gas reduction. This research successfully explored the disproportion and lack of climate change awareness formed in different societies of public, social, government, industry, and academic groups. Consequently, these results could be utilized as a decision criterion for society-tailored policy formulation and promoting climate action. Our results suggest that this methodology could be utilized as a new SDG indicator and to measure the differences in awareness.
COVID-19 World Vaccine Adverse Reactions Based on Machine Learning Clustering Algorithm

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, now named SARS-CoV-2, caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. It triggered several acute atypical respiratory diseases. COVID-19 was the name given to the virus's disease. The infection is human-to-human transmissible, and it has triggered a global pandemic. Vaccines against COVID-19 are an essential global intervention to control the current pandemic situation and in a fairly short time, several vaccines have been developed to try to control the situation but have also led to consequences in the form of adverse reactions. Clustering algorithms have been used in computational intelligence and digital analysis, which is one of the areas that has taken this into account. Clustering can be described as a method of grouping similar data into one population or cluster and separating unrelated data into another. For clustering COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions datasets, a variety of clustering algorithms are used. The objective of this paper is to use the clustering algorithms used in the case of COVID-19 Vaccine Adverse Reactions datasets, demonstrating how these algorithms help to provide accuracy for clustering the COVID-19 Vaccine Adverse Reactions. This study compared four clustering algorithms using the WEKA tool. Furthermore, it details the datasets in terms of different variables of precision, cluster case, number of iterations, time, and present the findings of these papers, and which clustering algorithms used and the accuracy of these algorithms. It is found that the clustering algorithm k-means is used widely in different types of the COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions datasets with high accuracy.
Rasch calibration and optimal categorization of the sport fandom questionnaire

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the category function of the sport fandom questionnaire (SFQ), determine the optimal categorization of the SFQ and calibrate the measurement qualities of the newly modified rating scale option using Rasch analysis.Design/methodology/approachThis paper relies on the Rasch analysis to validate the SFQ. A series of studies are performed based on analysis procedures for the responses from 244 (study 1) and 477 (study 2) participants.FindingsThe results revealed that the original SFQ consisting of the eight-category rating scale is flagged due to irregular observation distribution and disordering of thresholds, whereas both six-category and seven-category rating scales meet the guidelines for the optimal categorization. However, only the seven-category rating scale showed desirable model-data fit indices. Furthermore, the results of the Rasch calibration model showed that all items of the SFQ have large variability, and a person's ability level varied moderately along the continuum.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies, examining the psychometric properties of the SFQ, the current study provides information about the optimal categorization and presents a novel reconstruction category in measuring individuals' sport fandom level. In measuring the level of sport fandom, the authors suggest the use of a seven-category rating scale that the current study found to exhibit reliability and construct validity.