Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement and Analysis of the Leakage Current on the Surface of Polluted Suspension Ceramic Insulator

The artificial pollution tests are implemented on an IEC standard suspension insulator, and the leakage current waveforms and frequency characteristics were investigated under different equivalent salt deposit density ESDD and relative humidity. It was found that the peak values of the leakage current, the total harmonic distortion (THD) and the odd order harmonic components, e.g. 150 and 650Hz, were significantly correlated with the contamination condition of the insulator surfaces. Besides, a new characteristic parameter IMR，defined as the product of the peak values of leakage current by the ratio of the 3rd order harmonic components to the 13th order harmonic components, is introduced to evaluate the contamination condition on the insulator surface.
Design considerations of an electromechanical generator implanted in human total knee prosthesis

The energy generation inside the human body represents a crucial aspect for powering implantable measuring circuits. In this work, a system for the electromagnetic energy harvesting, implantable in a total knee prosthesis (TKP) and capable of generating electricity from the knee movement, is presented. The energy harvesting system (EHS) is composed of two series of NdFeB magnets, located on each condyle, and a coil placed in a pivot of the tibial tray. The operating principles, design considerations and performed simulations are shown. Simulation results demonstrate that it is possible to generate an alternating voltage of maximum 600 mV. The proposed generator eliminates the batteries inside the human body and the use of techniques for the inductive power supply. The structural changes with respect to commercial prosthesis are minimal. Furthermore, the proposed energy harvester allows to generate electricity without changing or hindering the patient natural movement.
Control Strategy for Three-Phase Grid-Connected Converters under Unbalanced and Distorted Grid Voltages Using Composite Observers

This paper proposes a novel scheme for the current controller for the grid-side converter (GSC) of permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines to eliminate the high-order harmonics in the grid currents under grid voltage disturbances. The voltage unbalance and harmonics in three-phase systems cause grid current distortions. In order to mitigate the input current distortions, multi-loop current controllers are applied, where the positive-sequence component is regulated by proportional-integral (PI) controllers, and the negative-sequence and high-order harmonic components are regulated by proportional-resonance (PR) controllers. For extracting the positive/negative-sequence and harmonic components of the grid voltages and currents without a phase delay or magnitude reduction, composite observers are applied, which give faster and more precise estimation results. In addition, an active damping method using PR controllers to damp the grid current component of the resonant frequency is employed to improve the operating stability of VSCs with inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL) filters. The validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Economic dispatch of a small utility with a frequency based reserve policy

The provision of emergency reserve within short time scales, the order of a few seconds, following the loss of an on-line generator is an important part of a small utilities system integrity. It is primarily made up of generator response, demand behaviour and load shedding. Economic dispatch of on-line units must take account of these factors in order to minimise operating cost while maintaining security of supply. Present reserve policies generally take account of generator response only. The minimum frequency reached following a contingency would be a more appropriate measure of system security and would represent an enhanced reserve policy. In this paper a method is described where the economic dispatch for a small utility is performed with a frequency based reserve constraint. A system model is used to evaluate the network behaviour following a contingency and is linked to an optimisation algorithm. A comparison is made with a generator based reserve policy; reduction in system costs while maintaining acceptable levels of security is noted.
Mixed EHL Analysis of the Variable Torque Slipping Clutch With Skewed Rollers

In this paper a mixed EHL analysis is presented for the variable torque slipping clutch with skewed rollers. It is characterized by a finite spatial curve contact and two dimensional rolling and slipping. A combination of the average roughness Reynolds equation developed by Patir and Cheng and the pressure-compliance relationship of roughness contact developed by Greenwood and Tripp is adopted to combine the effect of surface roughness in the lubrication. The average roughness Reynolds equation is extended to involve the two dimensional rolling and slipping while the pressure dependence of both the density and viscosity are considered. Based on the numerical techniques of the FEM discretization and relaxation iteration, the average roughness Reynolds equation is solved simultaneously with the GT contact pressure-compliance relationship under the equilibrium condition of the elements of the slipping clutch. The hydrodynamic and asperity contact pressures are then calculated and the interactions and mutual influences between these two kinds of pressures are shown. In addition, the influences of the rotation speed on the resistant torque are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Concurring agreements are found between the theoretical and experimental data.
Rapid Solution of the Nonlinear Step-Drawdown Equation

The step-drawdown test is frequently utilized by hydrogeologists as an aid in assessing well efficiency and approximate pumping capacity. Unfortunately, the analysis of step-drawdown data presently requires either a solution to a system of highly nonlinear equations or the application of tenuous assumptions relative to the solution form. A method for solution is derived which does not require limiting assumptions, type-curve methods or extensive computer facilities.
Ownership advantages/disadvantages of Singapore transnational construction corporations

Expanding beyond Singapore's boundaries has been a source of increased business for Singapore transnational construction corporations (STCCs). This paper analyses the significance of ownership advantage and disadvantage factors of STCCs in pursuing their international construction business, relative to other ASEAN contractors and contractors from developed countries. Moreover, this study examines if these ownership factors do vary significantly according to firm specific contextual variables in the STCCs such as size, international age, multinationality and extent of specialization/diversification. Based on responses from 22 STCCs, this study has found that the most important ownership advantage factors of STCCs were identified as coming from: (1) information, knowledge, technology and R&D capability; (2) the firm's name and reputation; and (3) management and organizational capability. Relative to established international contractors STCCs have a significant size disadvantage with reference to certain project types.
A modified dual‐band microstrip monopole antenna

A modified microstrip‐fed planar monopole antenna with an open‐circuited coupled line is presented in this paper. The operational bandwidth of the proposed antenna covers the 2.4‐GHz ISM band (2.42–2.48 GHz) and the 5‐GHz WLAN band (5–6 GHz). The radiating elements occupy a small area of 23 × 8 mm2. The finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method is used to predict the input impedance of the antenna. The calculated return loss shows very good agreement with the measured data. Reasonable antenna gain is observed across the operating band. The measured radiation patterns are similar to those of a simple monopole antenna. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1401–1403, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21636
Analytical Review

T HE PT RPOSE of this reviewis to present amid discuss the major comst.ributions to the solution of the prohlem of blood preservatioms, from 1947 to 1953. Primary comssideratioms will be gis-ems to the problem of storage and preservatiomi of red blood cells but-, in addition, the essemstial steps in the progress of methodology of platelet. collect-iomi, storage amid tramssfusion will be mentioned briefly. A reviewof progress made its blood tramssfusion reveals thatthe imstroduct-ioms of the use of sodium citrate solutions as ant-icoagulatst its 1914,1 the addition of dextrose to the citrate solution in 1916,2 amid of the acidificatioms of the citratedextrose anticoagulant in 1943 represent import-amst steps its the improvensemitof eryt-hrocyt.e preservatioms. In each instatice the improvememit is attributable to a better maimitemsance of the energy-producing mechanism alsd, consequently, of the imstegrit-y of the cell as a metabolic umsit. rFhis mechamsism can be identified maimily svith amsacrobic glycolysis. Whets blood is stored its plain isot-omsic sodium citrate, dextrose reaches critically losslevels l)y the fifth day amid, atthe same time, 2-3 diphosphoglycerate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) fall rapidly.4 Eryt-hrocyt-es, tramisfused after five days of storage its plaimi citrate, disappear rapidly from the blood st-ream. \\Thems the use of dextrose was reimit-roduced by DeGosvimi its 1940,6 a greatimprovememst its viability of stored red cells ivas obtained : is-it-h the addition of dextrose the fall of diphosphoglycerate amid ATP is slower, amid blood cats he tramisfused with a satisfactory rate of survival after storage up to about ten days. In acidified citrate dextrose solut iomss, particularly with acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD), ATP is fouisd to he much more stable, the ut-ilizatiomi of dextrose occurs for a lomsger period of time and the useful storage of red cells is increased to about three w’eeks. The relation: betiveemi cell deterioration amid glycolysis has been extemisively investigated by Rapoport . By 1947, ACD solutioms had gemierally l)ecome adopted as the st-aisdard amiticoagulamst amsd preservative. Several formulae have beets proposed svhich offer variatiomis in the volume of water amid iti the dextrose content. These tsso factors amid the temperature comstrol have oftems i)eems arbitrarily chosems.
The Long-term Field-scale Hydrology of Subsurface Drainage Systems in a Cold Climate

Subsurface drainage is a common practice in the agricultural regions of the northern Midwest. Concerns about the impact of subsurface drainage on surface water quality and hydrology have increased over the past decade, spawning continued research on artificial drainage. Annual and decadal climatic variability necessitates a long–term perspective to fully evaluate these impacts. In addition, less is known about the hydrology of artificially drained lands in cold regions, where soil freezing and snowmelt routinely occur. A field–scale hydrologic analysis of subsurface drainage was performed using DRAINMOD v5.1 for an 85–year climatic period (1915 to 1999) for south–central Minnesota. This version of DRAINMOD included modifications for soil freeze/thaw and snowmelt processes. The results give insight into the long–term variations of subsurface drainage and other precipitation abstractions in a cold climate. Seasonal hydrology was characterized by well defined drainage and evapotranspiration (ET) “seasons” from March to June and from July to October, respectively. On average, 74% of infiltrated water was removed by subsurface drainage during the drainage season (March to June), representing 27% of annual precipitation. Significant increases in the 28–year average precipitation and drainage depths were apparent over the 85–year simulation period. Frequency and extreme value analysis revealed that annual drainage represented approximately 40% of annual precipitation at the 2–year return interval. Simulated annual drainage volumes were distributed normally, wherein the predicted 100–year annual drainage depth was 532 mm. Decreased drain spacing was found to significantly affect infiltration and drainage over the 85–year period. The results have potential uses for drainage practitioners, water management decision makers, and environmental and agricultural scientists and may pose significant challenges for addressing water quality issues on artificially drained lands.
3.6MW Power Supply System of the 170GHz ECH&CD System in KSTAR

A 3.6 MW (-66 kV/55 A) Gyrotron power supply system was developed for the 170 GHz ECH&CD gyrotron system in KSTAR. This power supply system consists of Cathode Power Supply(CPS), Anode Power Supply(APS) and Body Power Supply(BPS). The CPS is using the Pulse Step Modulation by the 32set of IGBT choppers. The respons time of Chopper is very fast. So the cathode voltaget is able to be controlled rapidly. The APS is a sort of voltage devider using zener and switch component. It was achieved 3kHz modulation operation. The BPS is combined the commercial power supply and special high voltage switches. It is very simple topology but 5kHz modulation was accomplished easily. Theses power supply system were installed and commissioned successfully in 2011. This paper presents the topology of the each power supply and test result for 170 GHz gyrotron in KSTAR.
SSB MMIC mixer with subharmonic LO and CPW circuits for 38 GHz band applications

A single side-band (SSB) MMIC mixer employing a sub-harmonic configuration with an anti-parallel diode (APD) pair for 38 GHz band applications is designed and fabricated. Coplanar waveguide (CPW) models were used to design the mixer circuit. It acts as both an up- and down-converter with a conversion loss of less than 12.4 dB and a high image rejection ratio of greater than 15.1 dB over a wide frequency range from 32.5 to 42.0 GHz.
Design of CMOS-APS circuits for mixed image processing and analysis of their transfer characteristics

CMOS APS Active Pixel Sensors (APS) are very important among others because of their possible technical innovations leading to ultra-low power image acquisition or efficient on-chip image preprocessing. The design of the novel CMOS is presented in the first part of the paper. The general principle of analog interpixel subtraction is described. The edge detection algorithm for analog realization and patented focal plane circuits for analog image preprocessing (signals subtraction, addition, and edge detection) are described. Implementation of the image processing tasks (focal plane preprocessing and subsequent image processing) can be done effectively only with the consideration of known transfer characteristics of the imager itself. In the second part of the paper we present analysis of those characteristics. Geometrical Point Spread Function (PSF) depends on the certain geometric shape of active area in the particular design of CMOS APS. In this paper the concept of Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) analysis is generalized to be applicable to the sampled structures of CMOS APS. Recalling theoretical results we have analytically derived the detector MTF in the closed form for some special active area shapes.
A novel low‐cost high‐conversion‐efficiency microwave power detector using GaAs FET

A novel simple microwave power detector using a GaAs MESFET is developed at 5.8 GHz. The FET detector has good noise characteristics, temperature stability, and dynamic range. Since the availability of FET is more flexible and the price is lower, the FET detector can be more cost effective than the GaAs Schottky diode. The detector circuit is self‐biased and no external DC bias network is required. The detector converts microwave power to DC power with a conversion efficiency of 62.06% and a DC output voltage of 7.35 V at an input power of 29.4 dBm. This is the highest conversion efficiency and DC output voltage ever reported for a self‐biased FET detector. The experimental results agree well with the simulation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 29–31, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20537
A comparison of methods of modelling the bearing surfaces in an internal combustion engine

An existing model for the dynamic analysis of the piston motion in an internal combustion engine has been modified to incorporate a simpler representation of the piston–cylinder interaction, and to represent the main and big-end bearings as lubricated rather than dry journal bearings. The results demonstrate that the differences in calculated bearing forces and output torques are negligible, indicating that the simple dry journal bearing model is sufficient, but show that the modelling of the interaction between piston and cylinder is considerably improved.
Relevance vector machine applied to settlement of shallow foundation on cohesionless soils

The settlement of shallow foundation on cohesionless soil is a key parameter in the design of shallow foundation. The recently introduced relevance vector machine (RVM) technique is applied to predict the settlement of shallow foundation on cohesionless soils. RVM allows computation of the prediction intervals, taking into account the uncertainties of both the parameters and the data. It provides much sparser regressors without compromising performance, and kernel bases give a small but worthwhile improvement in performance. It also estimates the prediction variance. This study shows that compared to the available methods, RVM is better at determining the settlement of shallow foundation on cohesionless soil.
Management Effectiveness Calculation Model and Method of Government Performance Evaluation

A new method is presented in this paper in order to depict the effective effort level of the managers in quantity. The concept, model, and specific calculation method of management effectiveness are given through performance evaluation analysis in different time. As an example, government management effectiveness is calculated. The results indicate that this method is fair and effective.
Effect of Level of Automation on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Routing Task

Supervisory control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) raises many issues concerning the balance of system autonomy with human interaction for optimal operator situation awareness and system performance. A UAV simulation environment designed to manipulate the application of automation was used to evaluate participants' performance on routing tasks under three levels of automation. Trials also involved completion of several mission-related secondary tasks as participants supervised either one or three UAVs. Both objective and subjective data were collected. The results showed that participants took longer to complete the routing task when automation was high due to the time they spent verifying the accuracy of the imperfect decision aid. These results show the importance of designing an interface that provides an efficient means of interacting with the automation and communicates the automation's rationale, especially under high automation levels.
Antenna compression using binary phase coding

We introduce the first antenna “compression” scheme for coherent radars. The idea is to transmit with a large array of phase‐coded antennas at full power and later synthesize by linear superposition and proper phasing, the equivalent of a small transmitting antenna, similar to a single antenna module of the array. The full “decoding” is done by software by adding the power and cross‐power estimates of the signals of each code, so no extra burden is added other than the summations. This approach allows the use of all the available power in phased array systems where either high‐power transmitters cannot be used with small antennas or the transmitted power is distributed among the antenna elements. The wider beams are particularly important in meteor systems and, recently, in some radar studies of the neutral atmosphere, especially when multiple receiving antennas are used. Our scheme is based on complementary binary phase coding of antenna elements and works in a similar fashion to complementary phase coding used in pulse compression. We have implemented this idea at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory using a two‐dimensional approach; thus four two‐dimensional complementary codes were derived. The performance of this implementation has been tested using imaging techniques on an interferometer of four receiving antenna modules to study the angular characteristics of the well‐known equatorial electrojet irregularities. In addition, in this mode we have made successful observations of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
AN APPLICATION OF THE MODEL OF CAR-FOLLOWING BEHAVIOR ILLUSTRATED AS SPIRAL MOVEMENT TO REPRODUCTION OF TRAFFIC FLOW

観測方法の工夫や画像処理技術の進歩により，データオリエントなミクロ交通流モデルの構築が可能となってきている．筆者らの追従挙動モデルもその1つであり，実追従挙動が車間距離－相対速度平面上で描かれるスパイラル状曲線に従うことからバネ質点系の運動の類似としてモデル化されたものである．1 対の追従ペアに対する一定の再現性は既に確認されているが，その追従挙動モデル解の累積として生成される交通流が如何なる特徴を有するかの議論は課題とされた．交通流円滑化制御施策の検討等，工学的観点からもモデルパラメータと交通流現象との関係を知ることは極めて重要であり，本研究はこれを念頭に置きシミュレーション分析により本モデルパラメータの特性について考察することを目的とする．
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Optimization of Flux Barriers of Line-start Synchronous Reluctance Motors for Transient- and Steady-state Operation

Abstract—In this work, an electromagnetic design procedure for a line-start synchronous reluctance motor is presented, and the main considerations are highlighted. To improve the steady-state performance of this motor, the geometry of the flux barriers as well as their number are optimized using an automatic optimization algorithm. For this purpose, two types of flux barriers, arc shaped and trapezoidal shaped, are formulated and studied by finite-element analysis. Analyzing the average cage torque during synchronization, effectiveness of the dq-axis rotor resistances on successful synchronization is discussed. To validate the results of this analysis, dynamic simulations are used, and the impact of the dq-axis rotor resistances on synchronization is investigated. In addition, the effect of the rotor bar position on the value of the dq-axis rotor resistances is discussed and analyzed by finite-element analysis. Finally, the impact of small pieces of permanent magnet in the flux barriers is studied. It is shown that against the permanent magnet-assisted motor, permanent magnets always enhance the motor performance; the steady-state characteristic of the line-start permanent magnet assisted motor could be deteriorated by permanent magnet.