Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forschungsberichte der Fakultät IV – Elektrotechnik und Informatik Deriving Type Checkers

The relationship between a type system’s speciﬁcation and the implementation of the type checker is a recurring issue when writing compilers for programming languages and it is an ongoing question if – and if so, how – the formal description of a type system can be used to support the compiler writer when implementing the type checking phase. In this paper we propose type systems formalized by constraint-based inference rules to form an ideal abstraction to accomplish the task of automatically deriving type checking functionality from them. We develop a set of algorithms employing the constraint-based ﬂavor of the rules to perform type checks and present the design and implementation of a Haskell library utilizing these algorithms to provide functionality for the type checking phase based on the chosen abstraction.
Coordinated Scheduling and Beamforming in Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission Systems

Wireless cellular networks are currently experiencing a tremendous growth of data traﬃc. The resulting network densiﬁcation leads to ever-increasing levels of Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) that cannot be managed with (semi)-static interference-avoidance schemes deployed in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems. Coor-dinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission is therefore adopted in LTE Advanced, the next development stage of LTE. The basic idea of CoMP is to enhance network performance by mitigating ICI through cooperation between several network cells. Among the CoMP schemes, Coordinated Beamforming (CB) and Coordinated Scheduling (CS) stand out, as they do not rely on the exchange of user data between network nodes and thereby avoid additional network overhead. Instead, the network nodes coordinate their scheduling decisions and precoder design in order to minimize ICI and increase system throughput, especially at the cell edge. During the last decade, a multitude of algorithms achieving this objective has been proposed. But until now, no systematic study of their performance has been conducted. This thesis aims to characterize and evaluate the performance of multiple proposed CB and CS schemes in a downlink multi-cell system. First, the fundamentals of LTE-A as well as the system model are introduced. CB is described next, CB algorithms are derived and evaluated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The concept of CS is outlined, followed by a detailed description of a CS algorithm and Monte Carlo simulations. Besides throughput and spectral eﬃciency, fairness is also taken into account. The simulation results show that CoMP transmission signiﬁcantly improves the system performance.
Reliable Fault-Tolerant Control Design for LPV Systems using Admissible Model Matching

In the paper two power-invariant real and complex state space transformations for modeling multi-phase electrical machines in a compact and general form are proposed. In particular the paper deals with the modeling of multi-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines with an arbitrary number of phases and an arbitrary shape of the rotor flux. The dynamic model of the motor is obtained using a Lagrangian approach and in the frame of the Power-Oriented Graphs technique. The obtained models are equivalent from a mathematical point of view and can be directly implemented in Simulink. The complex transformed model is quite compact and uses a reduced order state vector. Some simulation results end the paper.
Diverging and Converging Flows around Sunspot Structures in Rotating and Non-Rotating Axisymmetric MHD Simulations

We present results on modeling solar pores and sunspots using 2D axisymmetric magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. These models are helpful for understanding the mechanisms of magnetic field concentration in sunspots, and the large-scale flow patterns associated with them. The simulations provide consistent, self-maintained, although not fully realistic, models of concentrated magnetic field near the solar surface. In this paper, we explore under which conditions the associated flows are converging or diverging near the surface. We find that in most cases in which a stable, pore-like concentration of magnetic field forms, a configuration with converging over diverging flow is established.
Latent Deep Space: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in the Sciences

The recent spectacular success of machine learning in the sciences points to the emergence of a new artificial intelligence trading zone. The epistemological implications of this trading zone, however, have so far not been studied in depth. Critical research on machine learning systems, in media studies, visual studies, and “critical AI studies,” in the past five years, has focused almost exclusively on the social use of machine learning, producing an almost insurmountable backlog of deeply flawed technical reality. Among this backlog, one machine learning technique warrants particular attention from the perspective of media studies and visual studies: the generative adversarial network (GAN), a type of deep convolutional neural network that operates primarily on image data. In this paper, I argue that GANs are not only technically but also epistemically opaque systems: where GANs seem to enhance our view of an object under investigation, they actually present us with a technically and historically predetermined space of visual possibilities. I discuss this hypothesis in relation to established theories of images in the sciences and recent applications of GANs to problems in astronomy and medicine. I conclude by proposing that contemporary artistic uses of GANs point to their true potential as engines of scientific speculation.
Shielding Cross-Site Scripting Attacks Using the State of Art Techniques

: Malicious codes are inserted by the attackers to steal information such as cookies and credentials that appears on the web browser. These codes includes HTML tags and JavaScript functions. It becomes a tough task for the user to sanitize query from malicious code that could be hooked. Nowadays dynamic websites are designed to increase the interactiveness between services that are available over internet. However the features used by the browsers to support these resources increases the security risks and makes way for the new malicious code injection or Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). XSS stands in the top list of threats that are exposed to web applications in the recent years. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review of the studies that are done on XSS vulnerabilities and attacks. Even though certain studies have addressed through the detection and prevention mechanisms, we have noted that many contributions addresses the dynamic analysis techniques. No single solution can effectively invade the intruders. More researches have to be conducted to detect new attacks and prevent them from affecting source code before it is deployed. We have also made a survey of the applications and limitations of the proposal that are taken for study.
Chapter 11 Complex predicates

Complex predicates are constructions in which a head attracts arguments from its predicate complement. Auxiliaries, copulas, predicative verbs, certain control or raising verbs, perception verbs, causative verbs and light verbs can head complex predicates. This phenomenon has been studied in HPSG in different languages, including Romance and Germanic languages, Korean and Persian. They each illustrate different aspects of complex predicate formation. Romance languages show that argument inheritance is compatible with different phrase structures. German, Dutch and Korean show that argument inheritance can induce different word order properties, and Persian shows that a complex predicate can be preserved by a derivation rule (nominalization from a verb), and, most importantly in Persian, which has relatively few simplex verbs, that light verb constructions are used to turn a noun into a verb.
EFFECTS OF MAGNETIZED WATER ON PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MORINGA SPECIES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses and serious problem for global crop production. Magnetic water technology is supposed to be an environment-friendly tool used for alleviating abiotic stress in the plants. The current study investigates the application of magnetized or magnetic water (MW) on the two Moringa species ( Moringa oleifera and Moringa peregrina ) under drought conditions. Magnetic field was applied to magnetize the irrigation water. Both species were exposed to three irrigation regimes including, 100% Field capacity (FC, as Control), 50%Field capacity (FC, as Moderate drought stress) and 20% Field capacity (FC, as Severe drought stress). The pot experiment was conducted in November 2015 under randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of King Arabia. The results indicated that the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, Malondialdehyde (MDA), H 2 O 2 and proline content increased during all the levels of drought stress. In addition, the total antioxidant capacity increased during the drought stress in both the species. However, seedlings with magnetic water treatment (MWT) decreased the phenolic and flavonoid compounds, MDA, H 2 O 2 and proline content significantly. The M. oleifera and M. peregrina seedlings exposed to drought stress (MS, SS) exhibited 15%, 10% and 21%, 22% decrease in MDA content under MWT. In DPPH assay, the higher antioxidant activity was found in Moringa peregrina (63%) whereas; lower antioxidant activity was found in Moringa oleifera (40%) during drought stress. This study indicates that the MWT helps the plants to become more tolerant during the drought stress by improving their antioxidant capacity.
A general approach for analyzing baseline power spectral densities: Zwanzig-Mori projection operators and the generalized Langevin equation

There continues to be widespread interest in 1/f^(alpha) behavior in baseline power spectral densities (PSD's) but its origins remain controversial. Zwanzig-Mori projection operators provide a rigorous, common starting place for building a theory of PSD's from the bottom up. In this approach, one separates out explicit "system" degrees of freedom (which are experimentally monitored) from all other implicit or "bath" degrees of freedom, and then one "projects" or integrates out all the implicit degrees of freedom. The result is the generalized Langevin equation. Within this formalism, the system PSD has a simple relation to the bath PSD. We explore how several models of the bath PSD affect the system PSD. We suggest that analyzing the baseline can yield valuable information on the bath. The Debye model of acoustic bath oscillations in particular gives rise to a low frequency 1/f divergence. Other power law behaviors are possible with other models. None of these models require self-organized criticality.
(2018). Phonological activation of category coordinates in spoken word production: Evidence for cascaded processing in English but not in Mandarin. Applied Psycholinguistics

A central issue in spoken word production concerns how activation is transmitted from semantic to phonological levels. Recent evidence from studies of speakers of Western languages supports a cascaded view, according to which under certain circumstances, lexical candidates other than the target can activate their corresponding phonological properties. In the current study we investigated possible differences between English and Mandarin speakers concerning the degree of cascadedness in the production system, based on the broader recent claim that properties of word form encoding might differ according to languages. With English speakers (Experiment 1), we found that when activation of targets and semantic competitors was boosted via a manipulation of semantic context, then concurrently presented “mediated” distractor words (which were phonologically related to a semantic competitor) generated interference. Intriguingly, however, no such mediated priming was found in a parallel experiment with Chinese materials and Mandarin speakers (Experiment 2). These results suggest potential fundamental differences across the target languages in how activation is transmitted during lexical access.
Introduction to Regression Discontinuity Design

ABSTRACT It is common clinical practice for physicians to refer to specific diagnostic criteria for day-to-day decision-making. In particular, whether or not to provide a particular treatment is often determined by the cutoff value of a relevant diagnostic marker. Regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a method for evaluating scenarios where intervention is determined by the certain cutoff value (e.g., threshold) of a continuous variable. RDD represents a powerful method for assessing intervention effects and outcomes. RDD is underutilized in clinical research and there are many opportunities to apply RDD in this setting. This article introduces the principles of RDD and provides examples of clinical studies that have used this design.
Methyllysine reader PHD finger protein 20-like 1 antagonizes DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase 1 proteasomal degradation*

Background: methylated DNMT1 Results: The methyllysine reader PHF20L1 stabilizes methylated DNMT1. Disruption of PHF20L1 induces DNMT1 degradation and genome hypomethylation. Conclusion: PHF20L1, an epigenetic reader, cooperates with writer and eraser to regulate epigenetic inheritance. Significance: PHF20L1 can be targeted as a means of regulating DNMT1 activity and DNA methylation in cells. ABSTRACT Inheritance of DNA cytosine methylation pattern during successive cell division is mediated by maintenance DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase
H α consensus control of a class of high-order multi-agent systems

This study is devoted to the consensus problems for high-order multi-agent systems with external disturbances. A dynamic neighbour-based protocol is adopted for the agents with the consideration of communication time delay and external disturbances. Sufficient conditions are derived to make all agents reach consensus with H∞ performance. Finally, simulation results are provided for demonstrating the effectiveness of the results presented.
Aphid-Responsive Defense Networks in Hybrid Switchgrass Aphid-Responsive Defense Networks in Hybrid Switchgrass

Aphid herbivory elicits plant defense-related networks that are in ﬂ uenced by host genetics. Plants of the upland switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ) cultivar Summer can be a suitable host for greenbug aphids ( Schizaphis graminum ; GB), and yellow sugarcane aphids ( Sipha ﬂ ava , YSA), whereas the lowland cultivar Kanlow exhibited multi-species resistance that curtails aphid reproduction. However, stabilized hybrids of Summer ( ♀ ) x Kanlow ( ♂ ) (SxK) with improved agronomics can be damaged by both aphids. Here, hormone and metabolite analyses, coupled with RNA-Seq analysis of plant transcriptomes, were utilized to delineate defense networks induced by aphid feeding in SxK switchgrass and pinpoint plant transcription factors (TFs), such as WRKYs that potentially regulate these responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels were signi ﬁ cantly higher in GB infested plants at 5 and 10 days after infestation (DAI). ABA levels were highest at 15DAI in YSA infested plants. Jasmonic acid levels were signi ﬁ cantly elevated under GB infestation, while salicylic acid levels were signi ﬁ 40cantly elevated only at 15 DAI in YSA infested plants. Similarly, levels of several metabolites were altered in common or speci ﬁ cally to each aphid. YSA infestation induced a signi ﬁ cant enrichment of ﬂ avonoids consistent with an upregulation of many genes associated with ﬂ avonoid biosynthesis at 15DAI. Gene co-expression modules that responded singly to either aphid or in common to both aphids were differentiated and linked to speci ﬁ c TFs. Together, these data provide important clues into the interplay of metabolism and transcriptional remodeling accompanying defense responses to aphid herbivory in hybrid switchgrass.
Screeningfor Defined Cystic FibrosisMutationsby Solid-PhaseMinisequencing

We have developed a rapid method for the quantitative detection of point mutations and deletions. In this minisequencing method, enzymatically amplified DNA, 5’-bioti-nylated in one strand, is bound to a solid phase and denatured. A detection primer, constructed to end immediately before the mutation, is annealed to the immobilized single-stranded template and elongated with a single, labeled deoxynucleoside residue. We have applied the solid-phase minisequencing method to the detection of the major mutation, F5O8, causing cysticfibrosis(CF). In the presence of the allele with the SF508 mutation, [3H]dTTP is incorporated; with the nonmutated allele, rHIdCTP is incorporated. Thus, samples from heterozy- gous individuals allow the incorporation of both labels. The method was evaluated by analyzing 59 coded DNA specimens collectedfrom 20 FinnishCF patients and their parents. The ratio of rHJC to rH]T gave unambiguously the allele combination. The solid-phase minisequencing method was also applicable to the analysis of three CF mutations simultaneously, i.e., F5O8, G542X, and G551 D. We conclude that the microtiter-plate-based mi-nisequencingtest is an accurate method for the screening of defined sequence alterations in the CF gene.
Ca inﬂux–independent synaptic potentiation mediated by mitochondrial Na -Ca exchanger and protein kinase C

ctivity-dependent modulation of synaptic transmission is an essential mechanism underlying many brain functions. Here we report an unusual form of synaptic modulation that depends on Na (cid:2) inﬂux and mitochondrial Na (cid:2) -Ca 2 (cid:2) exchanger, but not on Ca 2 (cid:2) inﬂux. In Ca 2 (cid:2) -free medium, tetanic stimulation of Xenopus motoneurons induced a striking potentiation of transmitter release at neuromuscular synapses. Inhibition of either Na (cid:2) inﬂux or the rise of Ca 2 (cid:2) concentrations ([Ca 2 (cid:2) ] i ) at nerve terminals prevented the tetanus-induced synaptic potentiation (TISP). Blockade of Ca 2 (cid:2) release from mitochondrial Na (cid:2) -Ca 2 (cid:2) exchanger, but not from ER Ca 2 (cid:2) stores, TISP. Tetanic stimulation in Ca 2 (cid:2) -free elicited an in [Ca 2 (cid:2) ] i , was prevented by inhibition of Na (cid:2) inﬂux or mitochondrial Ca 2 (cid:2) release. Inhibition of PKC blocked the TISP as well as mitochondrial Ca 2 (cid:2) release. These results reveal a novel form of synaptic plasticity and suggest a role of PKC in mitochondrial Ca 2 (cid:2) release during synaptic transmission.
The Theory of Magnetism Made Simple:An Introduction To Physical Concepts And To Some Useful Mathematical Methods

The original edition of "The Theory of Magnetism" developed the various relevant topics using modern methods adapted for the many-body problem. It presented and taught the fermionic field theory central to Onsager's analysis of the statistical mechanics of the two-dimensional Ising model of magnetism. In its pages the Lieb-Mattis theorems on magnetic ordering of electronic energy levels and on the absence of ferromagnetism in one dimension were restated and proved in a form accessible to students. The exchange mechanism in insulators and the Ruderman-Kittel interaction in metals were some of the innovative topics presented to the reader. Spin waves and their interactions were analyzed in some detail. In this new edition, while retaining much of the material in earlier editions, especially the first chapter, the author has eliminated some of the bulk and added a number of new subjects. Among these are the effects of lowering the dimensionality (exact solutions of some important models in zero and one dimension are exhibited and contrasted with the three-dimensional versions) and the importance of the two-body Coulomb interactions. The reader is introduced to the topic of critical exponents. Quoting a novel theorem by Lieb and exotic band structures, the author re-examines the origins of ferromagnetism. In the presentation, physical principles come first, the mathematics second. Developing the reader's intuition and mastery of the subject takes precedence.
Lift-share using mobile apps in tourism

This paper explores the use of mobile technology to enable lift-share in the leisure travel domain of camping tourism. Here mobile devices can connect a user community on the move undertaking non-routine trips and reveal temporal and spatial connections suggesting lift-share opportunities. Data were derived from a questionnaire survey (n=339) administered at campsites in a rural tourism destination in Dorset, UK. Analysis focuses on the role of trust, sense of community and existing lift-share practices in willingness to engage in lift-share and other forms of share use of private vehicles using a mobile app. The ﬁ ndings indicate that previous experience of lift-share and sense of community both have a small e ﬀ ect, however, trust had no e ﬀ ect on the desire to lift-share. Analysis indicates trust is generated through community participation rather than being a precursor to taking part. Lift-share app developers and providers need to design strategies which build trust in the system using peer-to-peer ratings, where appropriate, and establishing user etiquette through user champions and visualising successful exchanges.
Inhibition of phospholipase C- (cid:1) 1 augments the decrease in cardiomyocyte viability by H 2 O 2 of

Inhibition phospholipase C- 1 augments the decrease in cardiomyocyte viability by H O present study was conducted to examine the role of a major cardiac phospholipase C (PLC) isozyme, PLC- (cid:1) 1 , in cardiomyocytes during oxidative stress. Left ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g) and treated with 20, 50, and 100 (cid:2) M H 2 O 2 for 15 min. A concentration-dependent (up to 50 (cid:2) M) increase in the mRNA level and membrane protein content of PLC- (cid:1) 1 was observed with H 2 O 2 treatment. Furthermore, PLC- (cid:1) 1 was activated in response to H 2 O 2 , as revealed by an increase in the phosphorylation of its tyrosine residues. There was a marked increase in the phosphorylation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 by H 2 O 2 ; this change was attenuated by a PLC inhibitor, U-73122. Although both protein kinase C (PKC)- (cid:3) and - (cid:4) protein contents were increased in the cardiomyocyte membrane fraction in response to H 2 O 2 , PKC- (cid:4) activation, unlike PKC- (cid:3) , was attenuated by U-73122 (2 (cid:2) M). Inhibition of PKC- (cid:4) with inhibitory peptide (0.1 (cid:2) M) prevented Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Moreover, different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 (cid:2) M) of this peptide augmented the decrease in cardiomyocyte viability in response to H 2 O 2 . In addition, a decrease in cardiomyocyte viability, as assessed by trypan blue exclusion, due to H 2 O 2 was also seen when cells were pretreated with U-73122 and was as a result of increased apoptosis. It is therefore suggested that PLC- (cid:1) 1 may play a role in cardiomyocyte survival during oxidative stress via PKC- (cid:4) and phosphorylation of Bcl-2. proteins
Basic principles approach for studying nonlinear Alfvén wave‐alpha particle dynamics

An analytical model and a numerical procedure are presented which give a kinetic nonlinear description of the Alfven‐wave instabilities driven by the source of energetic particles in a plasma. The steady‐state and bursting nonlinear scenarios predicted by the analytical theory are verified in the test numerical simulation of the bump‐on‐tail instability. A mathematical similarity between the bump‐on‐tail problem for plasma waves and the Alfven wave problem gives a guideline for the interpretation of the bursts in the wave energy and fast particle losses observed in the tokamak experiments with neutral beam injection.