Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Militarization, Economic Growth and Petroleum Consumption in Brazil, Russian, India, China, Turkey, South Africa and Mexico

This paper aimed to test the dynamic relationship between economic growth, petroleum consumption and militarization in Brazil, Russian, India, China, Turkey, South Africa and Mexico for the period 1987– 2013. It was used to the bounds test approach and it was determined whether there was a short and a long-run relationship among militarization, petroleum consumption and economic growth. ARDL test found that militarization and petroleum consumption has a positive and a statistically significant impact on economic growth. Further, it was applied the Granger causality and determined the evidence of bi-directional causal relation between variables. Lastly, the forecast-error variance approach corrected the obtained results
Characterisation of sixteen additional polymorphic microsatellite loci for the currently spreading but locally rare butterfly Brenthis ino (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae

Whilst the overall geographic range of the lesser marbled fritillary, Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775), is currently expanding, this species is patchily distributed at a local spatial scale due to its use of flower rich semi-natural meadows and the aggregated distribution of its host plant. Therefore, understanding the dispersal patterns of this butterfly and the effect of increasing fragmentation of the landscapes in central and Western Europe on its population dynamics is key to determining whether this patchy distribution can lead to metapopulation structuring and dynamics. One way to determine the degree to which local populations are isolated from one another is to use high resolution molecular genetic markers and thence quantify gene flow and genetic drift. Eleven microsatellite loci have previously been developed for this species, but six showed evidence of null alleles, effectively violating key assumptions of the models used to infer gene flow. We therefore developed a set of new primer pairs to amplify a suite of 16 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci (number of alleles ranged from 2-30) of which nine were found to conform to the Hardy-Weinberg's expectations, whilst at the same time not showing any clear signature for the presence of null alleles. We further describe how these primers were optimized for landscape and metapopulation genetics studies in Belgian Ardenne.
Caractérisation de suppresseurs de la mort cellulaire programmée chez Arabidopsis thaliana

La Mort Cellulaire Programmee (MCP) est un processus essentiel pour plusieurs aspects de la vie des plantes, incluant le developpement et les reponses aux stress. Des analyses genetiques ont permis d’identifier plusieurs acteurs cles de la MCP chez Arabidopsis thaliana,, dont l’enzyme MIPS1, qui catalyse une etape limitante de la biosynthese du myo-inositol (MI), compose cellulaire majeur a l’origine de nombreux derives. Une des caracteristiques les plus importantes du mutant mips1, desactive pour cette proteine, est l’apparition de lesions sur les feuilles de rosette, dependante des conditions lumineuses et due a de la MCP impliquant la voie de l’acide salicylique. Ces donnees avaient permis de reveler un role du MI, ou de ses derives, dans le controle de la MCP. Mon travail de these a consiste a rechercher et a caracteriser des suppresseurs du mutant mips1 par deux approches complementaires : une approche gene candidat par comparaison de transcriptome et une strategie de genetique directe suite au crible de mutations secondaires extra-geniques abolissant le phenotype de mort cellulaire de mips1. Les analyses effectuees sur differents suppresseurs ont mis en evidence l’implication de plusieurs facteurs dans la MCP, tels que le facteur de polyadenylation CPSF30, d’une hexokinase ou encore de la proteine PCB2 intervenant dans la biosynthese de la chlorophylle. La caracterisation de ces suppresseurs a permis de demontrer l’importance de differentes voies comme la maturation des ARNm, le metabolisme carbone primaire ou l’activite chloroplastique dans le controle de la MCP dependante de l’accumulation de MI. Ce travail apporte de nombreuses perspectives, visant a mieux apprehender les differentes voies de regulation de la MCP indispensables pour un developpement correct et pour faire face a des stress biotiques et abiotiques chez les plantes.
Regulation of actin dynamics by phosphoinositides during epithelial closure

Epithelia act as protective barriers and it is therefore essential that wounded epithelia are rapidly repaired to maintain barrier function. Cells surrounding epithelial wounds become motile following wounding, which involves generating dynamic actin structures that drive closure of the wound. These actin structures include filopodia which are important in the final stage of epithelial closure in which the opposing epithelial edges are joined together. The molecular mechanisms that trigger wound edge cells to become motile are not well understood. Using Drosophila wound healing and the morphogenetic process dorsal closure as models, we find that phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) regulates epithelial closure by promoting the formation of filopodia at epithelial edges. PIP3 accumulates at epithelial edges and genetically depleting PIP3 results in reduced filopodia and defects in epithelial closure. We demonstrate that the GTPase Rac and guanine nucleotide exchange factor Myoblast City function downstream of PIP3 to promote filopodia formation. We also demonstrated that the scaffolding protein Par3/Bazooka and the lipid phosphatase PTEN are responsible for restricting the localisation of PIP3 and consequently the downstream signals to the epithelial leading edge, so acting to determine the location of filopodia formation. This project reveals a novel mechanism by which actin protrusions, required for epithelial closure, are formed in response to epithelial damage. Additionally, we have identified an additional role for PIP3 in regulating the extrusion of cells from epithelial sheets in the Drosophila embryo. This finding implicates PIP3 in the regulation of tissue homoeostasis, and could contribute to our understanding of tumour initiation as unregulated tissue growth can result in the formation of tumours.
Quantitative morphologic assessment of the newborn cystic fibrosis pig tracheal lobe

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work would not have been possible without the contributions of many. The first person I would like to acknowledge is David Stoltz. I thank him for the opportunity to further my education and to participate in engrossing, exciting, meaningful, and dynamic research. I would also like to specially thank the Stoltz Lab members including
RAPD variation in carbonized rice aged 13,010 and 17,310 years.

A few pieces of carbonized rice hull were excavated from two peat-soil layers in Sorori Village located in the middle part of South Korea. The upper peat-soil layer, where the carbonized rice hull was excavated, was evaluated to be about 13,010 ± 190 years old by carbon isotope dating in Geochron Laboratories, Massachusetts, USA. The lower layer, where the carbonized quasi-rice was excavated, was estimated to be 17,310 ± 310 years old. Variation in randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of four samples of carbonized rice and two samples of carbonized quasi-rice was studied using four DNA primers (A32, OPK-14, OPO-15, and OPN-16). Among the carbonized rice aged 13,010 years, 34.1% of the RAPD bands were the same as those of current rice and 65.9% were specific to carbonized rice. Among the carbonized quasi-rice aged 17,310 years, 38.7% of the RAPD bands were the same as those of current rice, 48.4% were the same as those of carbonized rice, and 12.9% were specific to carbonized quasi-rice. The carbonized rice and quasi-rice showed at least more than one RAPD band common to the current, indica, japonica, weedy, and wild rice. By cluster analysis based on RAPD variation, the carbonized rice and quasi-rice were classified into the same group and the current rice was categorized into another group. Genetic similarity between the ancient carbonized rice and the current rice group was around 57%.
Avel för hållbar produktion

Breeding for sustainable production means that several aspects of sustainability need to be taken into account when planning the breeding program and when weighting the traits in the breeding goal. Examples of different aspects of sustainability are economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, social sustainability, global sustainability and long-term sustainability. Depending on to which sustainability aspect a trait is considered to belong to economic market values and/or non-market economic values can be estimated. The different aspects of sustainability sometimes collide with each other but they can also benefit from each other. To build a breeding program for sustainable production all aspects need to be considered and no aspect should be weighted so high that others are disregarded. Breeding programs for sustainable production thus depend on afterthought.
Observed and predicted first lactation milk yield in Surti buffaloes

305FLMY was predicted from fortnightly, monthly and bimonthly test day milk yields using 2 sampling schemes (systematic and stratified random sampling) in Surti buffaloes maintained at Network Project on Surti buffaloes, Livestock Research Station, Vallabhnagar. The observed 305 days and total first lactation milk yield were 1,116.97 ± 13.49 and 1,155.16 ± 10.93 kg respectively. The predicted 305 days milk yield was higher than observed 305 days milk yield and showed increasing trend with increasing test day interval in both the sampling schemes. The effect of sire and season of calving was found to be highly significant on observed and predicted 305 days first lactation milk yield based on systematic and stratified sampling schemes with fortnightly, monthly and bimonthly sampling intervals. The heritability estimates for OMY305 and OMYT was high at 0.639 ± 0.181 and 0.669 ± 0.184 respectively. Similarly, the heritability estimates for predicted 305 days first lactation milk yield based on systematic sampling scheme with the interval of fortnightly, monthly and bimonthly were 0.584 ± 0.176, 0.587 ± 0.176 and 0.549 ± 0.172 respectively. The respective estimates based on stratified sampling scheme were 0.582 ± 0.175, 0.601 ± 0.177 and 0.378 ± 0.152. The genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of predicted milk yield based on both systematic and stratified random sampling schemes with OMY305 and OMYT were also positive, high and approaching to one. All the 5 measures, viz. average error, per cent average error, average absolute error, per cent average absolute error and variance of error under fortnightly interval were lower than monthly and bimonthly intervals in both the sampling schemes. The above measures of error were slightly lower for systematic sampling scheme as compared to stratified random sampling scheme. Keeping the cost and difficulty in data recording, both systematic and stratified random sampling with monthly interval can be used to predict 305 days first lactation milk yield with fairly accuracy.
Mosaic Stunting in jack pine seedlings in a northern Michigan bareroot nursery

Mosaic, or patchy, stunting of bareroot conifer seedlings is thought to be caused by deficiencies of mycorrhizal fungi following fumigation, resulting in reduced nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus. Mosaic stunting of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings was observed in 2005 at the USDA Forest Service JW Toumey Nursery in Watersmeet, MI. We initiated a study to determine if either the species of mycorrhizal fungi or the quantity of mycorrhizae were different on stunted and healthy seedlings. In 2006 and 2007, we tested the soil, sampled root tips, and analyzed seedling growth and foliar nutrient concentrations. In 2006, we used DNA sequencing to identify mycorrhizal fungi. Our results showed four main fungal taxa (Sistotrema brinkmannii, Thelephora terrestris, Suillus luteus, and Laccaria spp.) were associated with mycorrhizal root tips on stunted and healthy seedlings, and that the number of mycorrhizal root tips was high on both types of seedlings, although we observed variation among stocktypes and years. Despite soils having similar nutrient concentrations, we observed differences in foliar concentrations between stunted and healthy seedlings. Only 1+0 seedlings in 2007, however, showed significant differences. This suggests that reduced root nutrient uptake was a factor in stunting of 1+0 seedlings in 2007, but does not appear to be related to ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Jellification and protease activity of yellowfin sole muscle in association with a myxosporidian parasite.

Numerous spores of a myxosporidian parasite, tentatively classified as the genus Kudoa, were found in many of the muscle specimens of the yellowfin sole Limanda aspera which were caught in the Bering Sea. The muscle infected heavily with the parasite, displayed a considerably high protease activity. Such muscle was observed to be easily jellified when left standing at room tem perature.Two types of protease occurred in the heavily infected muscle, one designated protease A hydrolyzing hemoglobin optimally at pH 3 and the other designated protease B casein optimally at pH 6.5 under the conditions applied. Protease B activity was not always detected in less infected muscles. The muscle containing both proteases was jellified very rapidly. Both protease activities were strongly inhibited by Hg+2, PCMB or leupeptin, indicating them to be of thiol enzyme. It was concluded from these results that the proteases were produced by the parasite and responsible for the jellification of the muscle.
The abundance and diversity of small mammals and birds in mature crops of the perennial grasses Miscanthus x giganteus and Phalaris arundinacea grown for biomass energy

Low-carbon energy production is potentially a major method of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and anthropogenic climate change. In the UK, tall perennial grass crops show potential as “biomass crops”, providing renewable energy sources with a low net carbon cost. However, conversion of large areas of farmland to biomass production would constitute a major land-use change with possible negative effects on native biodiversity, particularly as some biomass crop types are not native to the UK. The aim of this thesis was to assess biological diversity within mature (>3 years old) crops of non-native Miscanthus x giganteus and native Phalaris arundinacea. Biomass crop structural characteristics and management regimes were recorded, and their biodiversity was surveyed with particular reference to birds and small mammals in comparison with adjacent land uses. Food resources in terms of non-crop vegetation and invertebrates were also recorded. Live-trapping revealed eight species of small mammal in the study crops, including a conservation priority species, the harvest mouse Micromys minutus, which was most abundant in Phalaris crops. Phalaris also contained the highest small mammal diversity, but the field headlands held the greatest small mammal abundance. Trapping and direct observations revealed a higher abundance and diversity of birds in the Miscanthus crops in comparison with Phalaris. Most of the bird species found in biomass crops were associated with woodland or reedbed rather than farmland habitat. Phalaris crops had a higher percentage of ground cover of the crop itself and non-crop vegetation, whereas Miscanthus fields had greater cover of crop litter. Miscanthus crops contained fewer invertebrates than Phalaris or the field headlands. Management specific to biomass grass crops involves harvest in spring, thus providing winter habitat of importance to birds and small mammals. The crop fields also provide a refuge for invertebrates and non-crop vegetation and overall, supported high levels of biodiversity.
Distichodus teugelsi a new distichodontid from the middle Congo River basin, Africa (Characiformes: Distichodontidae).

Distichodus teugelsi, new species, is described from the middle Congo River basin. The species is distinguished from all other Distichodus species by the following combination of characters: presence of two rows of bicuspid teeth on upper jaw and a single one on lower jaw; unique colour pattern characterised by a light greenish band dividing the flanks into a darker greenish upper and lower part. Distichodus teugelsi is a dwarf species of Distichodus (maximum size: 65.0 mm TL), based on the presence of nearly ripe eggs in several female specimens (50.9-54.3 mm SL). With a single row of bicuspid teeth in the lower jaw, instead of two rows, both dwarf Distichodus species (D. teugelsi, D. decemmaculatus) differ in this respect from the current diagnosis of the genus.
Twitter: A Professional Development and Community of Practice Tool for Teachers

This article shows how a group of language teachers use Twitter as a tool for continuous professional development through the #MFLtwitterati hashtag. Based on data collected through a survey (n = 116) and interviews (n = 11), it describes how this collective of teachers use the hashtag and evaluates the impact of their Twitter network on their teaching practices. The results show that most users try the suggestions and ideas that they find on this network, which have a positive impact on their teaching. Finally, the article assesses whether the hashtag users can be described as a community of practice.
Organization of the Streptococcal ExPortal and its Interaction with Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides

of the Dissertation.ii Acknowledgements . v List of Figures.ix List of Tables.xii Chapter I ExPortal Secretion, Cell Wall Biogenesis and Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide Involvement in Streptococcus pyogenes Pathogenesis Scope of the Thesis . 2 Streptococcus pyogenes Pathogenenesis.4 Secreted protein biogenesis and the ExPortal of GAS.10 Bacterial lipid membrane microdomains.14 Gram positive cell wall synthesis.16 Cationic antimicrobial peptides.20 Characterizing ExPortal organization and its interaction with CAPs.27 References . 29 Chapter II Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Disrupt the Streptococcus pyogenes ExPortal Abstract.42 Introduction.43 Results.46 Discussion.61 Experimental Procedures.66 Supplementary Figures.72 Acknowledgements.76 References . 77.42 Introduction.43 Results.46 Discussion.61 Experimental Procedures.66 Supplementary Figures.72 Acknowledgements.76 References . 77
Diversity of the Rodents of Northeastern Iran

Samplings were done in different locations of northeastern Iran and different specimens were collected during two years. The specimens belong to 26 different species attributing to 6 families: Scuridae (Spermophilus fulvus), Cricetidae (Microtus transcaspicus, Microtus paradoxus, Blanfordimys afghanus, Chionomys nivalis, Ellobius talpinus, Ellobius fuscocapillus, Cricetulus migratorius), Calomyscidae (Calomyscus sp. Seems to be C. uratensis), Muridae (Mus musculus, Apodemus witherbyi, Nesokia indica, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus pyctoris, Gerbillus nanus, Meriones libycus, Meriones crassus, Meriones meridianus, Meriones persicus, Tatera indica, Rhombomys opimus), Gliridae (Dryomys nitedula) and Dipodidae (Allactaga elater, Allactaga hotsoni, Jaculus blanfordi, Jaculus thaleri). Standard external characters as well as cranial and dental ones were given.
Biomechanics and Biology of Movement

Mechanical considerations of work and energy storage and release of elastic energy in the locomotor system and the stretch shortening cycle length changes of muscle-tendon units during athletic movements work and energy influenced by athletic equipment the three modes of terrestrial locomotion the pathways for oxygen and substrates energy and nutrient intake for athletic performance intensity of cycling and cycle ergometry - power output and energy cost basic concepts of movement control muscle activation and movement control power output and force-velocity properties of muscle stability and control of aerial movements movement control and balance in earthbound movements forces acting on and in human body force production in human skeletal muscle mechanical effects of forces acting on bone, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons biological response to forces acting in the locomotor system prevention of excessive forces with braces and orthotics contractile changes and mechanisms of muscle fatigue stretch-shortening cycle fatigue muscle fatigue monitored by force, surface mechanomyogram and EMG.
Fresh fish - quality and quality changes : a training manual prepared for the FAO/DANIDA Training Programme on Fish Technology and Quality Control

Fresh fish - quality and quality changes : a training manual prepared for the FAO/DANIDA Training Programme on Fish Technology and Quality Control , Fresh fish - quality and quality changes : a training manual prepared for the FAO/DANIDA Training Pr. , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Secreted proteins and surface markers on tubercle bacilli

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that remains a significant global health problem. Because many membrane and membrane-associated proteins of this pathogen represent potential targets for drugs, diagnostic probes or vaccine components, we have analysed M. bovis, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) substrain Moreau, using Triton X-114 for extraction of lipophilic proteins, followed by identification with liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 351 different proteins in total, and 103 (29%) were predicted as integral membrane proteins with at least one predicted trans-membrane region and another 84 (23.9%) proteins had a positive grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) value, indicating increased probability for membrane association. All together 43 predicted lipoproteins were identified which is close to 50% of the total number of lipoproteins in the genome. Fifty-four proteins, including 24 (12.8%) predicted integral membrane proteins and 7 predicted lipoproteins are described for the first time. The proportion of hydrophobic membrane and membrane associated proteins shows that Triton X-114 is a highly efficient method for extraction of membrane proteins from bacteria, without the need for pre-isolation of membranes. ATP synthase, NAD(P) transhydrogenase, ubiquinone oxidoreductase and ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase appear to represent major enzyme complexes in the membrane of M. tuberculosis complex organisms.
Modellbasierte aktive Schwingungstilgung eines Multilink-Großraummanipulators

A special case of multi-link manipulators are truck mounted concrete pumps. Due to the lightweight design of the long and slender boom, it is vulnerable to vibrations. The advantages are smaller masses and therefore less actuation power which results in smaller actuators with less fuel consumption. In order to retain the advantages of lightweight design, special controllers are needed to stabilize the overall system and result in a vibration free motion of the boom tip. A multibody system with exible bodies has been built in order to analyse the system's behaviour and to test and design appropriate control strategies. It could be demonstrated, that controlling only the last joint of the boom decisively e ects the motion of the boom tip and is therefore suitable to suppress vibrations. The idea is to compensate the boom's motion by adjusting the last joint angle in a way, so that the boom tip stays at its initial position. In order to implement these ndings and obtain a robust control three steps are necessary: the boom's motion must be measured and a vibration reducing force de ned which has to be applied by the hydraulic actuator. The vibrations are detected by acceleration measurement and after appropriate ltering a joint angle trajectory can be determined. The cylinder force is found using Sliding Mode Control which guarantees robustness against modeling inaccuracies and external disturbances. A mathematical description of the last segment is necessary for the design of this nonlinear control strategy. The force control of the hydraulic cylinder is then implemented via backstepping control. The resulting vibration is minimized by this control by up to 95% at di erent boom positions.