Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPTIMISATION OF CONJUGATE ELLIPTICAL COOLING CHANNELS WITH INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION

This paper presents the development of the three-dimensional flow architecture of conjugate cooling channels in forced convection with internal heat generation within the solid for an elliptical cooling channel configuration. The main objective was to optimise the configuration in such a way that the peak temperature was minimised subject to the constraint of the fixed global volume of solid material. The cooling fluid was driven through the channels by the pressure difference across the channel.The structure had three degrees of freedom as design variables: elemental volume, channel hydraulic diameter and channel-to-channel spacing. The shape of the channel is allowed to morph to determine the best configuration that gave the lowest thermal resistance. A gradient-based optimisation algorithm was applied in order to search for the best optimal geometric configuration that improved thermal performance by minimising thermal resistance for a wide range of dimensionless pressure difference. The effect of porosities, applied pressure differences and heat generation rate on the optimal geometry was reported. There are unique optimal design variables for a given pressure difference. Results obtained show that the effects of dimensionless pressure drop on minimum thermal resistance were consistent with those obtained in the open literature.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Implementing machine learning algorithms on spark

IMPLEMENTING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS ON SPARK SHWETA MITTAL, OM PRAKASH SANGWAN Department of Computer Science, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India Abstract: Massive amount of data is being generated from the number of sources on day to day basis. Spark is a very popular open source platform available freely on web to store and process big databases. For training the machines to learn hidden patterns/information from these huge raw databases, machine learning algorithm needs to be implemented. ML and MLLib are two machine learning libraries to implement machine learning algorithms in Spark. In this paper, Decision Trees, Random Forests and Gradient Boosted Trees have been implemented by using Cardiac and Telecom dataset on local PC as well as Google Colab and it was concluded that Gradient Boosted Trees performed better than Decision Trees and Random Forests in terms of accuracy but took longer time to execute. Further, it has been also observed that algorithms took less time to run on Colab GPU as compared to local PC.
A METHOD FOR DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS ESTIMATION OF SUBSURFACE USING MICROTREMOR ON THE GROUND SURFACE

As methods for dynamic characteristics estimation of surface layers, investigation with boring and a method which employs microtremor are well known so far. Boring investigation, one of the most accurate methods is costly and time consuming and is not available all the time. The method that employs microtremor is handy but has not produced satisfactory result to this day. This paper describes a new processing method that employs microtremor observation yet producing accurate estimation of characteristics of the ground motion. The method uses vertical component and horizontal components. As a result, the spectrum ratio of the horizontal components and vertical component of microtremor bears resemblance to transfer function for horizontal motion of surface layers.
New efficient offset voltage cancellation techniques using digital trimming

Operational amplifiers have an important role as a basic building block in analog circuit design. One of the performance limitations of these circuits is the input referred offset voltage or simply input offset voltage. This voltage can range between 1 - 30 mV depending on the fabrication process and the sizes of the ideally symmetrical input transistors of the differential amplifier. Two new techniques to digitally trim the offset voltage of operation amplifier are presented and discussed. The techniques can be divided into two categories. The first is called weighted current technique, while the second is called weighted voltage technique. The attractive features of the new techniques are the trimming is performed digitally, large dynamic range; require small silicon area, and the ability to provide auto-zero cancellation using extra hardware. In the presented analysis, a binary weighted scheme will be used. However, the techniques are not restricted to that scheme and they are still applicable with other weighting schemes. A detailed analysis of these techniques will be presented and discussed and measurement from fabrication and simulation will be presented.
Forage grass productivity and quality in south-western part of Pannonian basin

The aim of the research was to compare the productivity and quality of several forage grasses in the climate conditions of south-eastern Europe. The research was conducted during 2012 and 2013, in the south-western part of the Pannonian basin (vicinity of Osijek, Croatia). The experiment included 5 grass species: Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), hybrid ryegrass (Lolium x boucheanum), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and timothy (Phleum pratense) cut three times per year, i.e. 6 cuttings in total for two years. The results have shown that there were significant statistical differences for all investigated traits between the species, years and their interaction at the P˂0.05 levels. In average, the highest dry matter yield was achieved during the first year of using (10.4 and 9.1 t*ha-1). In average two years of using, the highest yields of dry matter had Italian ryegrass and cocksfoot. Quality results showed that the cocksfoot was the least digestible because it contained over 700 g*kg-1 of NDF and 450 g*kg-1 of ADF, unlike the perennial ryegrass which had 559 and 327 g*kg-1 of NDF and ADF. The final results showed the productivity per hectare where the most energy-producing species of Italian ryegrass with the possible production of 19,739 liters of milk with 4% milk fat. On the base protein productivity, the most prominent was the cocksfoot which could produce 11,878 liters of milk from 713 kg proteins in one year. The results show that none of the tested grasses had a balanced relationship between protein and energy.
Active Predictive Control of Turbine Tip Clearance for Aero-Engine

Active control of turbine blade tip clearance continues to be a concern in design and control of gas turbines. Ever increasing demands for improved efficiency and higher operating temperatures require more stringent tolerances on turbine tip clearance. In this paper, a turbine tip clearance control apparatus and a model of turbine tip clearance are proposed. The active clearance control (ACC) of aero-engine turbine tip clearance is evaluated in a lapse-rate take-off transient, along with the comparative and quantitative analysis. The results show that the resultant active tip clearance control system has favorable steady-state and dynamic performance and benefits of increased efficiency, reduced specific fuel consumption, and additional service life.
Image Refination in the Application of Fingerprint Identification

Aiming at the existing fingerprint algorithm refinement not refined exist completely swallowed, skeleton, lines from lines problems such as center, the paper puts forward the rapid thinning algorithm, through the analysis of target of the direction of the trend lines around, choose to remove or keep connected point around, effectively solve traditional iteration algorithm has refined the problems, and refining the template image square ridge tracking, overcome the gradually to the main lines tracking algorithm are too complicated and not easy to realize. Finally the improved algorithm in FPS200 fingerprint sensor as acquisition device automatic fingerprint identification system for verification. The results show that the algorithm has a good refined effect, get the details of the image further satisfy the requirements of feature extraction.
Design of hydromechanical transmission using network analysis

Abstract A systematic approach to the design of a three-shaft hydromechanical transmission (HMT) is proposed. The three-shaft HMT is classified into 12 basic configurations depending on the planetary gear position connected with the hydrostatic unit (HSU) at the input and the output shafts. The power and speed characteristics are investigated for 12 configurations of the three-shaft HMT using network analysis. Based on the results of the network analysis of the three-shaft HMT, design examples are proposed in a systematic way, which limit the circulation power and allow synchronous clutch operation. It is expected that the design methodology suggested in this study can be used in developing the three-shaft HMT to meet power and speed requirements.
Damage identification using support vector machines

Support vector machines have recently been established as a powerful tool for classification and regression problems. Their use in the field of damage identification is illustrated here with reference to two problems which can be naturally cast in terms of classification. The first is a fault classification problem for ball bearings and the second looks at locating damage within a framework structure. The performance is compared to more established means of engineering pattern recognition.
Design of a zero-voltage-switching large-air-gap wireless charger with low electric stress for electric vehicles

This study proposes a design and development of a wireless power transfer system to charge the battery in electric vehicles. A parallel-parallel topology is adopted to realise 10-15 cm-distance power transfer using the resonance theory. Finite-element method is used to extract the coil parameters. The advantages of the proposed design compared with the previous similar research are (i) low operational frequency (42 kHz) which avoids the electromagnetic interference to the on-board automotive electronics equipment and (ii) low electric stress to the semi-conductor switches through using zero-voltage-switching technique. A 2 kW prototype to charge 200 V battery was built to experimentally verify the theoretical analysis. The overall system efficiency is ~86%.
Differential six-port reflectometer for determining dry rubber content of latex

This study presents the application of a differential six-port reflectometer to the design of a portable system for measurement of the dry rubber content (DRC) of latex. The proposed DRC measurement system consists of a 1 GHz reflectometer used with an open-ended coaxial-probe sensor, a temperature sensor, a display and a microcontroller. The complex permittivity and temperature of the rubber latex are measured, and a temperature-dependent model for DRC determination based on a dielectric mixture theory is used. The reflectometer performance is verified by comparing the measured complex permittivity with the results obtained from a commercial dielectric measurement system. Finally, the accuracy of the DRC measurement system is assessed by comparing the measured DRCs from different latex samples over the range of 10–40°C with the standard oven-drying method.
Comparison of Community Structure and Productivity of Pinus Plantation and Natural Broadleaved Forest in Same Ecology

Both plantation and natural forests are distributed throughout the world and the same is the case in Nepal. Different structures are forms due to mode of forests' origin that requires a different approach for sustainable forest management. This compares community structure and production between naturally-regenerated broadleaved and the plantation Pinus from the same ecological region, at present and predicts the scenarios taking into consideration of biomass production and sustainable management perspective. A total of 89 plots trees were sampled of area 250 m 2 each for both forests forest on a random basis in Mid-hills of Nepal. The t-test, correlation test, Man-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimators, linear and polynomial regression analysis were performed to compare the forests. The result showed the significantly (p<0.05) higher mean age, DBH, height, biomass density, carbon stock density and mean annual increment (MAI) in plantation forest but the forest had a very low level of undergrowth, a sign of frequent fire and absence of regeneration. The higher mean density of wood, stocking density (number - both trees and regeneration), under-growth biomass, absence of fire sign, good condition of regeneration were found in natural forests. Bell-shaped DBH-classes distribution having positive insignificant trend is found of plantation forest. Plantation forest hinders long-term sustainability though it showed significantly higher productivity (biomass). Result reveals that monoculture plantation forest can be managed either considering together with the naturally-regenerated forest of all age gradation or promote age (size-classes) gradation through management intervention in such forests for perpetuating yielding, otherwise, these forests lose ecological sustainability. On the contrast, naturally-regenerated forest comprises of all age gradation that they allow exercising active sustainable management without compromising continuous regeneration and sustainable production. The result could give insight for managing both plantation and natural forests sustainably.
Evaluation of building code compliance in Mexico City: mid-rise dwellings

The Mexico City Building Code (MCBC-2004) – Reglamento de Construcciones del Distrito Federal, Gaceta Oficial del Distrito Federal, 29 de enero de 2004 in Spanish – is a state-of-the-art code; the most comprehensive and advanced set of requirements in the country; and it serves as a model for codes in Mexico's regions. However, many recently built mid-rise dwellings seem too weak to withstand earthquakes, with evident structural deficiencies. Insufficient official mechanisms exist for supervising the design and construction of such new structures. This study evaluates current practice and compares it with the guidelines of the MCBC-2004 using a sample of structures of 150 buildings constructed after 2004. Structural analysis and design revisions were made for a subset of 20 buildings. This study confirms that a large number of new buildings in Mexico City do not have a reliable record of technical information. Therefore, it is difficult to reanalyse buildings to assess their earthquake performance. Many buildings have limited information making it impossible to verify their structural seismic behaviour. The analyses performed for those buildings with available information show that many would have inadequate performance during an intense earthquake, as they do not meet the minimum requirements in the MCBC-2004. To improve governance and actual outcomes, an institute is needed to improve construction practices and code enforcement particularly for residential buildings.
Market Turkey Performance Affected by Floor Type and Brooding Method

Two experiments with 320 Large White male turkeys (Nicholas strain) investigated the effect of partial replacement of litter with different types of slotted flooring (fiberglass, concrete, or wood in Experiment 1 and poly-vinyl chloride pipe, concrete, or wood in Experiment 2) and the effect of brooding method (cage or floor) on later growing performance. Growth, mortality, feed efficiency, and foot pad dermatitis were not affected by partial replacement of the litter floor area with slotted flooring. Excreta buildup due to narrow slot width was a problem in Experiment 1. Turkeys reared on deep litter had greater breast blister scores than turkeys reared on the wider-slotted flooring in Experiment 2. Slotted flooring reduced litter moisture in both experiments. Cage-brooded turkeys in Experiment 1 were heavier than floor-brooded turkeys at three weeks of age, had greater mortality, and in Experiment 2 had more breast blisters.
High accuracy, Low Power Spread Spectrum Clock Generator to Reduce EMI for Automotive Applications

This paper presents a Spread Spectrum Clock Generator (SSCG) based on Relaxation oscillator using Up/Down Counter. The current is controlled by a counter and the spread spectrum of the Relaxation Oscillator. A Relaxation Oscillator with temperature compensation using the BGR and ADC is presented. The current to determine the frequency of the Relaxation Oscillator can be controlled. The output frequency of the temperature can be compensated by adjusting the current according to the temperature using the code that is the output from the ADC and BGR. EMI Reduction of SSCG is 11 dB, and Spread down frequency is 150 kHz. The current consumption is 600 μA from 5V and the operating frequency is from 2.3 MHz to 5.75 MHz. The rate of change of the output frequency with temperature was approximately ±1 %. The SSCG is fabricated in a 0.35um CMOS process with active area 250um x 440um.
New Terfenol-D actuator design with applications to multiple DOF active vibration control

A linear actuator system for multi-dimensional structure control using the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D has been designed, built, and tested by the Intelligent Automation, Inc. The actuator assembly incorporates an instrumented Terfenol-D rod, an excitation coil to provide the magnetic field, a permanent magnet assembly to provide a magnetic bias field, and a mechanical preload mechanism. The prototype of the actuator is 2.0 inches in diameter and 8 inches long, and provides a peak-to-peak stroke of 0.01 inches. A linear model was also established to characterize the behavior of the actuator for small motion. Based on the prototype of the actuator, we have performed a study of a six degree-of-freedom active vibration isolation system using a Stewart Platform in a new configuration. IAI's final system is intended for precision control of a wide range of space-based structures as well as earth- base systems.
Assembly planning and motion study using virtual reality

Carrying out assembly process planning tasks manually is both time-consuming and requires a lot of effort. Due to this, a great deal of research has been carried out on computer-aided process planning (CAPP) and computer-aided assembly planning (CAAP) systems. This paper presents two virtual tools called COSTAR (Cable Organisation System Through Alternative Reality) and HAMMS (Haptic Assembly, Manufacturing and Machining System) that both have an assembly planning capability. To gain an insight into the processes that occur during a design and assembly task, two time and motion study methods called therbligs and chronocyclegraphs have been utilised in both virtual tools to carry out the investigation. In addition, a brief investigation has been carried out to examine the time savings of using the virtual tools in comparison with the traditional manual method.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Scale model helicopter antenna pattern measurements at ASU's EMAC Facility

The ElectroMagnetic Anechoic Chamber (EMAC) facility has been in operation at Arizona State University (ASU) since 1988. In addition to providing experimental verification for theoretical prediction of radiation and scattering targets, this multi-purpose facility acts as a testbed for a unique, semicompact antenna test range. Antenna patterns of a scale model helicopter have been measured at 500 MHz and compared to Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC) prediction. These measurements demonstrate that accurate antenna patterns can be measured at frequencies much lower than expected according to the conventional wisdom concerning rectangular anechoic chambers and compact ranges. Measurements made at EMAC of a scale model helicopter at UHF demonstrate remarkable agreement with theoretical prediction, particularly in the case of the electrically small reflector, absorber, and chamber. <<ETX>>
Surface Scattering Uniformity Measurements in Reflection Free Environments

Following previous investigation, carried out at the University of Parma in 1999 and 2000, LAE (Laboratory of Acoustics and Electroacoustics) started a new measurement campaign to compare with the original results on the same type of diffusor panels, to verify AES-4id-2001 measurement standard and to investigate the nature of scattering phenomena in more detail. Measurements are conducted on the floor of a large closed space to obtain a reflection free time window, long enough to study the first reflection from the panel; the use of sine sweep excitation signals instead of the recommended MLS ones permits to ameliorate the acquisition process. The present article discusses research background studies and the results from the first round of measurements. 1. BRIEF HISTORICAL REVIEW In the last thirty years acoustical surface scattering has been studied in depth, in the nineties there was great spin to the topic, lead by Cox and D’Antonio [1] and by many researchers worldwide (i.e. Vorländer and Mommertz [2]), working to define the phenomenon with a well agreed single scattering coefficient. Prof. Farina and his team at the University of Parma studied the matter in 1999-2000 with novel measurement techniques for the time [3, 4], discussing research results from others and giving different ideas for the definition of the coefficient itself. Rizzi et al. Scattering measurements AES 121st Convention, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2006 October 5–8 Page 2 of 2 In 2001 AES published an information document regarding ‘the characterization and measurement of surface scattering uniformity’ [5], while in 2004 ISO published the 17497 – 1 standard on ‘the measurement of the random incidence scattering coefficient in reverberation room’ [6]. The coefficient proposed by AES is now being evaluated for conversion into the second part of the ISO standard on sound scattering. 1.1. Past and present research background. 1.1.1. Past research. The past research in Parma analyzed Dr. Cox contemporary proposal of a coefficient, the uniformity diffusion coefficient, which differs little from the one used nowadays and expressed in eq. 3
A review of parametric resonance in microelectromechanical systems

Many applications of microelectromechanical systems utilize mechanical vibratory motion. A number of interesting dynamical effects occur in these minimally damped, precisely manufactured devices. These effects can be caused by the structural mechanics, the actuation mechanism, or both. One such phenomenon, parametric resonance, occurs when displacementdependent forcing is present in the microsystem. This paper reviews the key dynamic effects, and summarizes some of the development of devices that utilize parametric resonance or parametric amplification. In addition, signal-to-noise issues are discussed with respect to the ultimate sensitivity of mass sensors that use parametric resonance, and strategies for obtaining the highest sensitivity are presented. Here the authors describe parametric resonance phenomenon as a dynamical system, review its experimental observation in microsystems, and conclude by discussing the various applications.
Neural predictor of the end point in a converter

The paper presents a system based on neural networks which is capable of predicting the so-called End Point of a converter by exploiting the measurements of the oxygen content and of the temperature in order to predict the final carbon content. Due to several disadvantages of current LD algebraic model and the usage of modem process in steel plant, a new model based on neural network and knowledge base is designed. The new model allowed to obtain excellent simulation result and satisfied online testing report.