Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approaches and Applications of Inductive Programming

In this report the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 21192 “Approaches and Applications of Inductive Programming” is documented. The goal of inductive programming (IP) is to induce computer programs from data, typically input/output examples of a desired program. IP interests researchers from many areas of computer science, including machine learning, automated reasoning, program verification, and software engineering. Furthermore, IP contributes to research outside computer science, notably in cognitive science, where IP can help build models of human inductive learning and contribute methods for intelligent tutor systems. Building on the success of previous IP Dagstuhl seminars (13502, 15442, 17382, and 19202), the goal of this new edition of the seminar is to focus on IP methods which integrate learning and reasoning, scaling up IP methods to be applicable to more complex real world problems, and to further explore the potential of IP for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), especially for interactive learning. The extended abstracts included in this report show recent advances in IP research. The included short report of the outcome of the discussion sessions additionally point out interesting interrelation between different aspects and possible new directions for IP.
Performance Evaluation Metrics for Biometrics-based Authentication Systems

Research has made many advances in many ﬁelds of biometric systems. However, there is a lack of proper research in the performance evaluation ﬁeld for biometric authentication systems. In this work, we synthesize key ideas from recent publications to show how the landscape for performance evaluation of biometrics-based authentication systems has developed over time. We present the general architecture and fundamentals of an authentication system. We then show why most single-number evaluation metrics have inherent ﬂaws and limited scopes. We synthesize and extract the four signiﬁcant limitations of commonly used metrics. We also discuss how each can be avoided or addressed by using metrics like Gini Coefﬁcient or the unnormalized frequency counts of scores (FCS) graph. Besides, we explore the limitations of metrics in the context of continuous authentication. We demonstrate how the combination of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and the FCS graph can help us address the limitations of common metrics and provide a robust performance evaluation approach. From this, we present the state-of-the-art guidelines for evaluating authentication systems. In the end, we identify three critical problems with the current methodologies and propose speciﬁc future work plans to address them.
Comparing the Quality of Image Synthesis by Different Robust Classiﬁers

In this work, we performed experiments with robust clas-siﬁers and image generation. Our goal was to determine whether or not increasing the robustness of a model would produce higher quality outputs for image synthesis tasks. The task we focused on was image generation, and the quality of those images were evaluated by calculating their FID scores. In our effort to increase the robustness of our models, we implemented the TRADES loss function into our training algorithm, and compared its adversarial accuracy to a model trained with standard cross-entropy loss. We found that on both the CIFAR-10 and Restricted ImageNet datasets, the model trained with TRADES scored a better FID score than the model trained without it. The model trained on CIFAR-10 scored better by 17.56 points, and the model trained on Restricted ImageNet scored better by 10.62 points.
Pregnancy and marriage among teenage schoolgirls in rural western Kenya; a secondary analysis of a menstrual solution feasibility COHORT study

Background: Adolescent pregnancy increases the risk of adverse health outcomes, social stigma, loss of education and employment, and early marriage. Research characterising at risk girls will inform targeting of effective interventions.Methods: Risk characteristics for adolescent pregnancy were evaluated in schoolgirls aged 14-16 years as a secondary analysis in a longitudinal study evaluating menstrual products in 30 primary schools in rural western Kenya. Characteristics of participants were collected at baseline and follow-up. Descriptive and multivariate analysis were conducted.Results: Of 766 girls enrolled into the study, aged 14-16 years and followed over a school year, 53 (7%) were or became pregnant, with three (6%) neonatal deaths reported. Girls with the lowest compared with the highest socio-economic status had 2.5-fold higher risk of pregnancy (13.1% vs 5.0%: adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 2.48, confidence limits 1.32-4.64). Girls reporting early menarche (<13 years) had a 2.5-fold higher risk of pregnancy (aRR 2.61, 1.38-4.92), while those happy in school had a reduced risk (aRR 0.60, 0.34-1.04). Age, presence of parents, and being harassed by boys or men were not associated with pregnancy risk. Twenty-two girls (2.9%) married by the study end. Marriage was significantly associated with pregnancy (aRR 13.44, 5.50-32.83) and a history of sex at baseline (3.15, 1.55-6.38). All but two girls dropped out of school when pregnant with only five girls returning after delivery.Conclusions:Pregnancy leading to school dropout and child marriage remains an urgent public health concern among teenage girls in rural Kenya. Interventions are needed to enable schoolgirls to reach their educational potential.
DESIGNING REMOTE PLACES IN THE POST-WAR AND PANDEMIC SCENARIOS. SMART SURVEYING OF THE GAHAYR CAMPUS IN MOGADISHU

Abstract. The study presents a part of the operational framework of the “Project for Infrastructure and Strategic Strengthening of the Somali National University”, funded by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation. The project, coordinated by Politecnico di Milano, aims to reconstruct the Gahayr campus of the Somali National University of Mogadishu, which is today almost destroyed due to the civil war. The preliminary phase for reconstruction is a detailed survey of the buildings and the area over which the Campus will be re-built. In a normal situation, the team in charge of the survey would have gone on-site in Mogadishu; nevertheless, the risky local conditions and the Covid-19 pandemic made it impossible to have foreign personnel on-site. Consequently, the choice was to train a local team remotely, giving them the theoretical and practical instruments to face a complete 3D survey of the area and the buildings. Harsh times cannot stop works and activities that usually need the presence of the survey team on the field. Careful planning of the activities, the online staff training and the continuous sharing of the information permitted to get high quality 3D metric results quickly and to have at disposal all dimensional and qualitative valuable information for the project, usable in real-time by the designers and architects without going directly on the site.
Growth and yield of rice fields with posbidik compost and jajar legowo planting system

Posbidik compost is an innovative product that is expected to solve the scarcity of subsidized fertilizers for farmers. The principle of the jajar legowo planting system is to increase plant population and lowland rice production. This study aimed to determine the influence of posbidik compost and jajar legowo planting system on the growth and yield of Ciherang rice varieties. This study was conducted on irrigation paddy fields owned by farmers in West Toili District, Banggai Regency, in August-December 2020. This study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors, namely posbidik compost consisting of 3 levels, namely: K1 = 5 tons/ha; K2 = 7.5 tons/ha; K3 = 10 tons / ha, and planting system legowo 2:1 line consisting of 3 levels, namely: L1 = 20 x 10 x 40 cm; L2 = 25 x 12.5 x 50 cm; L3 = 30 x 15 x 60 cm. The results showed that the interaction of posbidik compost and jajar legowo planting system does not affect the plant height; however, it affects the number of productive tillers, the weight of 1000 grains and productivity. The results showed that the best performance of the yield rice in the treatments of 7.5 tons/ha posbidik dose with planting space of 25 x 12.5 x 50 cm.
Enhancement in Boiling Heat Transfer for Water Using a Polished Plate Surface

The thermal characteristic of a plate evaporator for boiling water have been experimentally investigated. Stainless-steel plates with five kinds of surface roughness (a mirror-polished surface and four kinds of polished plate surface, F2, F0, F-1, and F-2 polishing) were used for the investigation. The roughness order is F-2 > F-1 > F0 > F2 > mirror. The local boiling heat transfers were measured on the evaporator surface using ten thermocouples inside the evaporator. For a comparison of the heat transfer characteristic of the evaporator, the local boiling heat transfer coefficient was measured when the polishing direction was perpendicular or parallel to the water flow at a range of pressures (0.3–0.4 MPa) and flow rates (20–60 mL/min). The results indicate that the local heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing vapor quality at all surface conditions. For F0 polishing, the heat transfer coefficient on the surface with perpendicular polishing was much larger than that on the surfaces with parallel and mirror polishing. In particular, the heat transfer coefficient of the perpendicularly polished surface (F2 and F0 polishing) was increased six-fold in comparison with that of the mirror surface at a vapor quality of 0.35. However, for the F-1 and F-2 perpendicularly polishing plates, the heat transfer coefficients were smaller than those of the F0 and F2 perpendicularly polishing plates. For the F2 perpendicularly polished plate, heat transfer enhancement was confirmed, along with an increase in the number of bubbling points, on increasing the system pressure. For the polished surface, the heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing flow rate. This indicates that the bubble formation cycle was promoted by an increased flow rate.
Learning Preposition Priors to Generate Scene from Text Using Contact Constraints

In this paper, we propose the method of generating a 3D scene from text with respect to interior designing by considering the orientation of every object present in the scene. Thousands of interiors designing related sentences are generated using RNN to preserve context between sentences. The BiLSTM-RNN-WE method is used for POS Tagging, blender is used to generate 3D scene based on query. This paper focuses on interior designing and has considered objects placement with respect to the preposition in the Sentence. Our approach uses Natural Language processing to extract useful information from the user text, which will aid the rendering engine generate better scene.
2-Aryl-3-(arylideneamino)-1,2-dihydroquinazoline-4(3H)-ones as inhibitors of cholinesterases and self-induced β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation: biological evaluations and mechanistic insights from molecular dynamics simulations

A series of 2-aryl-3-(arylideneamino)-1,2-dihydroquinazoline-4(3H)-ones were evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and self-induced β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. All the compounds were found to inhibit both forms of cholinesterase (IC50 in the range 4–32 μM) with some selectivity for BuChE. Most of the compounds also showed self-induced Aβ aggregation inhibitory activities, which were comparable or higher than those obtained for reference compounds, curcumin and myricetin. Docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation experiments suggested that the compounds are able to disrupt the dimer form of Aβ.
Micromachining‐Compatible, Facile Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposite Spin Crossover Actuators

[FeII(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) spin crossover particles of 85 nm mean size are dispersed in an SU‐8 polymer matrix and spray‐coated onto silicon microcantilevers. The subsequent photothermal treatment of the polymer resist leads to micrometer thick, smooth, and homogeneous coatings, which exhibit well‐reproducible actuation upon the thermally induced spin transition. The actuation amplitude as a function of temperature is accurately determined by combining integrated piezoresistive detection with external optical interferometry, which allows for the assessment of the associated actuation force (9.4 mN), stress (28 MPa), strain (1.0%), and work density (140 mJ cm−3) through a stratified beam model. The dynamical mechanical characterization of the films evidences an increase of the resonance frequency and a concomitant decrease of the damping in the high‐temperature phase, which arises due to a combined effect of the thickness and mechanical property changes. The spray‐coating approach is also successfully extended to scale up the actuators for the centimeter range on a polymer substrate providing perspectives for biomimetic soft actuators.
Women on the Border between Home and Homelessness: Analysing Worker–Client Relationship

Housing First, as implemented in Finland, offers two housing options for people who are homeless or at risk of homelessness. In this context, permanent housing refers to a scattered‐site rental flat or a community‐based housing unit in accordance with the Housing First principle. The focus of our study was on worker–client relationship and its diverse meanings at different stages of women’s housing pathways. Our data consisted of narrative thematic interviews with nine women who lived in scattered housing and three workers of a housing unit. The narratives of the housing unit workers were related to a deep concern for the women who have the most limited choices and who do not always see the housing unit as home. The workers felt frustrated with the inconsistency of care pathways in substance abuse care, psychiatric hospital care as well as gerontological services. Women in scattered housing had received sufficient support at critical stages of their housing pathway from the public service system, which is an integral part of the Finnish Housing First model. In their cases, homelessness and problems with housing had been addressed as part of a holistic effort to improve the quality of their lives either through adult social work, child protection aftercare or psychosocial services. Getting sufficient support in a vulnerable situation in a trust‐based worker–client relationship was a unifying theme of this dataset of women. Our study also challenges the development of services from the perspective of women whose housing pathways are characterised by numerous losses and exclusions, and for whom many services remain out of reach.
Synthesis and characterization of Co3O4 nanoparticles for use as pigments in solar absorbing paints

This aim of this research is to produce Co3O4 oxide by means of one-step solution novel combustion methods using aspatic acid (C4H7NO4); lysine (C6H14N2O2); tris (hydroximethyl) aminomethane (NH2C (CH2OH)3) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (C10H16N2O8) as fuels. The pigments were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform and UV-VIS-IR Spectrophotometry. The paint based on alkyd resin was made from pigments obtained (Co3O4 oxide). In order to make a comparison of the thermal emittance of the paint, two different formulations were prepared and these coating are named "absorbent paint coating": one that included 1% by weight of aluminum in metallic powder and another, with 1% of copper in metallic powder, respectively. The solar absorbance for the Co3O4 powders, plus quartz cuvette, gave a value of 0.9 in all cases. An extraordinary value of absorption on the coatings between 95 and 96% was noted. These results suggested that the synthesis of combustion in solution makes it possible to obtain a Co3O4 absorbent pigment with different fuels. These syntheses have a low environmental impact because they are one-step processes. All use low amounts of reactive ash obtained at a calcination of about 500 °C. These results suggest the possibility of utilizing this oxide in absorbent solar paints.
The influence of habitual salt intake on bone remodelling in young healthy people

Introduction: Sodium alters calcium metabolism by increasing calcium excretion, thus possibly influencing bone metabolism. The hypothesis of the present study is that amount of dietary sodium intake affects the bone remodelling. This study aimed to assess whether a habitual intake of sodium has an effect on peak bone mass and biochemical indicators of bone metabolism. Subjects and Methods: In a cross-sectional study that involved 41 young men and women, six biochemical markers were assessed from blood samples using ELISA: osteocalcin, C-terminal procollagen type I peptide, receptor activator kappa B ligand, pyridinoline, parathyroid hormone, and osteoprotegerin, while bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Subjects were divided into two groups according to habitual sodium intake (low-Na and high-Na group) assessed by questionnaire. Results: No difference was found between groups of low and high Na intake in BMD and BMC, or in biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Since the groups differed in Ca intake, energy and vitamin D, adjustments were made for those cofounders. Regression analysis showed that only the dietary intake of vitamin D was associated with dual femur BMD and BMC, and no correlation was found between bone remodelling indicators and Na intake after adjustment for vitamin D intake. Conclusion: The present results could not confirm that habitual sodium intake above recommended levels affects bone remodelling processes or decreases bone mineral density in young healthy people if combined with adequate calcium intake.
Electromotive force in the solar wind

Abstract. The concept of electromotive force appears in various electromagnetic applications in geophysical and astrophysical fluids. A review of the electromotive force and its applications to the solar wind are discussed such as the electromotive force profile during the shock crossings and the observational tests for the mean-field model against the solar wind data. The electromotive force is being recognized as serving as a useful tool to construct a more complete picture of space plasma turbulence when combined with the energy spectra and helicity profiles.
Rediscovery of X(3872) at Belle II Experiment

The Belle II experiment has accumulated data corresponding to 89.99 fb−1 integrated luminosity in the past 2 years, and is performing very good. Waiting that the full planned data set will be recorded (50 ab−1), which will allow search for rare processes and will have a tremendous impact in the spectroscopy field, the Phase 3 data set allows to already perform analysis with high precision. We present here the analysis of B → KJ/ψπ+π− and B → Kψ(2S): in the former for the first time the evidence for the X (3872) → J/ψπ+π− has been found at Belle II, which is consistent with the observation at Belle of the same resonant state, performed in 2003. The re-discovery of the X (3872) based on the early Phase3 data includes the efficiency and resolution study, calibration with B → Kψ(2S), and background check. When higher statistics will be available, Belle II is planning the even more interesting analysis of B → D? ̄? π0K , and search for X (3872) → D? ̄? π0.
Coupling P Nanostructures with P-Doped g-C3N4 As Efficient Visible Light Photocatalysts for H2 Evolution and RhB Degradation

Fabricating heterostructures to promote the charge separation and doping heteroatom to modulate the band gap of the photocatalysts have been regarded as effective strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance. However, it is still an unresolved issue of doping element and fabricating heterostructures with good contact at the same time. In this study, P nanostructures/P doped graphitic carbon nitride composites (P@P-g-C3N4) were successfully composited by a solid reaction route. Various structural characterizations, including X-ray adsorption near edge structure, indicate that P has been doped into g-C3N4 and P nanostructures were directly grown on g-C3N4 to form heterostructures. As expected, the intimate contacted heterostructured composites exhibit much enhanced light absorption and high-efficiency transfer and separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, and consequently, the composites also possess the superior photocatalytic performance in the rapidly degrading RhB and an efficient H2 pro.
Learning Universal Vector Representation for Objects of Diﬀerent 3D Euclidean formats

We present a method for learning universal vector representations out of 3D objects represented in diﬀerent data formats. A newly proposed switching mechanism is used in the design of neural network architecture. During the learning process, the encoder for one speciﬁc format also learns to perceive the object from the perspective of other formats, hence the learned universal representation contains richer information. With the learned universal representation, it would be possible to "translate" between diﬀerent 3D shape formats of the input object since they share similar embedding of 3D information. Higher performance can also be achieved for the 3D data synthetic tasks with this method.
The effects of single leg stance during daily toothbrushing on the balance skills of elderly adults

Background and Study Aim. It was aimed to measure the effects of single-leg stance on measuring the individual postural limits and balance skills of elderly adults. Material and Methods. The present study involved a total of 360 elderly adults aged between 70 and 80 years. The participants were divided into two groups as 187 individuals in experiment group (99 women / 88 men) and 173 individuals in control (94 women / 79 men). In measuring the risk of fall and balance skills, the Functional Reach Test, Timed up and go Test, and Single Leg Stance Test were used. The participants in experiment group were asked to stand on one foot for a total of 4 minutes (2 minutes in morning and 2 minutes in evening) every day while brushing their teeth for 50 weeks. Since the data showed normal distribution, the independent samples t-test was used in determining the intergroup difference, whereas the dependent sample t-test was used in determining the intragroup pretest-posttest difference. Results. It was determined that there was a significant relationship between elderly adults’ balance skills and 4-min/day single-leg stance practice (p<0.05). In all the tests, it was found that the balance skills of women and men have improved and men had better values in comparison to women. Conclusion. It is thought that, via simple procedures such as lifting up one foot while brushing the teeth, the balance skills of elderly adults can be improved, the risk of fall can be reduced. They can be supported in terms of living an independent life.