Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entomological survey of the potential vectors of Rift Valley fever virus and absence of detection of the virus genome from the vectors in various niches in the southern half of the Great Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Abstract Background Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is the cause of one of the most important mosquito‐borne emerging diseases negatively affecting the health of humans and animals, particularly in Africa. In Ethiopia, the status of RVFV and the existence of potential vectors are unknown. Objectives This study aimed to survey the mosquito vectors of RVFV and the detection of the virus in selected sites (Batu, Hawassa, Arba Minch and Borana) in Ethiopia. Methods CDC light traps baited with the sugar‐yeast solution were set up at various locations for a total of 29 trap nights. Mosquitoes identification were made morphologically using a stereomicroscope and for RVFV detection by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Results Among a total of 132 trap efforts conducted, 60 (45%) captured the mosquitoes. A total of 1576 adult mosquitoes were collected and identified. Including Aedes (n = 407; 25.8%), Anopheles (n = 493; 32.3%), Culex (n = 466; 29.6%) and Mansonia (n = 210; 13.32%). The genome material of RVFV was not detected by RT‐PCR. Conclusions The existence of a potential Aedes species may pose a risk for the occurrence of the RVF outbreak in Ethiopia. Based on the current study, we recommend further monitoring for potential mosquito vectors of RVFV, particularly with a view to targeting the seasons during which the mosquitoes can be abundant along with a serological survey of susceptible hosts.
Susceptibility Spectroscopy, in FeNiSiB Microwires

Amorphous magnetic microwires are novel materials, which are characterized by unusual soft magnetic properties, such as magnetic bistability and Giant MagnetoImpedance (GMI) effect [1]. The magnetic behavior of this microwire strongly depends on their composition, which is directly responsible of the sign and magnitude of magnetostriction constant, and also on the values and distribution of internal stresses induced during preparation [2]. The magnetic properties of amorphous microwires are usually described in terms of the core-shell model [3]. In accordance with the model, a microwire with positive magnetostriction consists of one large axial domain surrounded by the outer domains with radially oriented magnetization. Measurement of the amplitude dependence of the complex susceptibility is a useful method for studying dynamic magnetization processes in ferromagnetic materials because the magnetization processes can be resolved [4, 5]. We apply this method here to study the magnetization process in amorphous glass-coated FeNiSiB microwires with different Fe/Ni ratios.
CD8+ T cell memory is sustained in mice by hepatic stellate cells

Background and Aims: Long‐lasting immunological memory is the ultimate goal of vaccination. Homeostatic maintenance of memory CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (MemCD8TCs) is thought to be mediated by IL‐15/IL‐15R heterodimer (15HD)‐expressing myeloid cells. Nonmyeloid hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) also express 15HD, but their role in maintaining MemCD8TC homeostasis is unknown. Approach and Results: We engineered a genetically engineered mouse in which IL‐15R complementary DNA (cDNA) had been inserted in‐frame with lecithin‐retinol acyltransferase gene and bred onto an IL‐15R‐KO (15R‐KO) genetic background (L15R) that expressed IL‐15R in HSCs at normal levels, but not in other liver cells. Outside of the liver of L15R mice, IL‐15R expression was found in a number of organs, but not in dendritic cells and macrophages. The low IL‐15R expression in the bone marrow (BM) of L15R mice was eliminated by the reconstitution of lethally‐irradiated L15R mice with 15R‐KO BM to generate L15RC mice. Because MemCD8TC maintenance is mediated by 15HD, not empty IL‐15R, 15HD content in L15R mice was determined and found for liver, lung, kidney, and heart. L15R and L15RC mice developed and maintained long‐lasting, systemic antigen‐specific MemCD8TCs that were efficacious against tumor growth and Listeria monocytogenes infection in an antigen‐specific manner. Among the four organs with 15HD content, liver‐associated MemCD8TCs were different from those found in the lung, kidney, and heart in two ways: (1) they were quantitatively the most numerous, and (2) they appeared uniquely in the form of clusters in a specialized structure, sinusoidal niches of the liver. Conclusions: The liver, the largest organ of the body, is endowed with the capability of effectuating long‐lasting functional cytotoxic T cell memory.
Milestoning simulation of ligand dissociation from the glycogen synthase kinase 3β

As drug‐binding kinetics has become an important factor to be considered in modern drug discovery, this work evaluated the ability of the Milestoning method in computing the absolute dissociation rate of a ligand from the serine–threonine kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, which is a target for designing drugs to treat diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and diabetes. We found that the Milestoning method gave good agreement with experiment with modest computational costs. Although the time scale for dissociation lasted tens of seconds, the collective molecular dynamics simulations total less than 1μs. Computing the committor function helped to identify the transition states (TSs), in which the ligand moved substantially away from the binding pocket. The glycine‐rich loop with a serine residue attaching to its tips was found to undergo large movement from the bound to the TSs and might play a role in controlling drug‐dissociation kinetics.
A Segmented Redirection Mapping Method for Roadmaps of Large Constrained Virtual Environments

Redirected walking (RDW) enables users to explore large virtual spaces by real walking in small real spaces. How to effectively reduce physical collisions and decrease user perceptions of redirection are important for most RDW methods. This article proposes a segmented redirection mapping method to calculate and map the roadmap of a large virtual space with inner obstacles to a mapped roadmap within a small real space. We adopt a Voronoi-based pruning method to extract the roadmap of the virtual space and design an RDW platform to interactively modify the virtual roadmap. We propose a roadmap mapping method based on divide-and-conquer and dynamic planning strategies to subdivide the virtual roadmap into several sub-virtual roads that are mapped individually. By recording connections of different sub-virtual roads, our method is applicable to virtual roadmaps with loop structures. During mapping, we apply the reset and redirection gains of the RDW technique as optimal aims and restrict conditions to obtain the mapped roadmap, which has small path curving and contains as few resets as possible. By real walking along the mapped roadmap, users perceive moving along the virtual roadmap to explore the entire virtual space. The experiment shows that our method works effectively for various virtual spaces with or without inner obstacles. Furthermore, our method is flexible in obtaining mapped roadmaps of different real spaces when the virtual space is fixed. Compared to prevalent RDW methods, our method can significantly reduce physical boundary collisions and maintain user experience of virtual roaming.
Identification of Novel PGR-NR4A3 Fusion in Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma and Resultant Patient Benefit From Tamoxifen Therapy

Background Extraskeletal myxoid chrondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma of uncertain histogenesis, typically affecting males to females in a 2:1 ratio with a median age of 50 years. 1,2 EMC most often presents as enlarging soft-tissue mass in the proximal extremities. 2 The tumor has local recurrence and metastasis rates between 29%-48% and 40%-50%, 2,3 respectively. Despite this, the survival rate at 10 years is 65%-70%, 4,5 which often belies the indolent nature of the disease even when metastatic.
Ion slippage through Li+-centered G-quadruplex

Single-ion conductors have garnered attention in energy storage systems as a promising alternative to currently widespread electrolytes that allow migration of cations and anions. However, ion transport phenomena of most single-ion conductors are affected by strong ion (e.g., Li+)–ion (immobilized anionic domains) interactions and tortuous paths, which pose an obstacle to achieving performance breakthroughs. Here, we present a Li+-centered G-quadruplex (LiGQ) as a class of single-ion conductor based on directional Li+ slippage at the microscopic level. A guanine derivative with liquid crystalline moieties is self-assembled to form a hexagonal ordered columnar structure in the LiGQ, thereby yielding one-dimensional central channels that provide weak ion-dipole interaction and straightforward ionic pathways. The LiGQ exhibits weak Li+ binding energy and low activation energy for ion conduction, verifying its viability as a new electrolyte design.
Retinal Oxygen Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Different Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess retinal oxygen metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and different stages of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) (n = 67) compared with healthy control subjects (n = 20). Thirty-four patients had no DR, 15 had mild DR, and 18 had moderate to severe DR. Retinal oxygen saturation in arteries and veins was measured using the oxygen module of a retinal vessel analyzer. Total retinal blood flow (TRBF) was measured using a custom-built Doppler optical coherence tomography system. Retinal oxygen extraction was calculated from retinal oxygen saturation and TRBF. Arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation was highest in healthy subjects (34.9 ± 7.5%), followed by patients with no DR (32.5 ± 6.3%) and moderate to severe DR (30.3 ± 6.5%). The lowest values were found in patients with mild DR (27.3 ± 8.0%, P = 0.010 vs. healthy subjects). TRBF tended to be higher in patients with no DR (40.1 ± 9.2 μL/min) and mild DR (41.8 ± 15.0 μL/min) than in healthy subjects (37.2 ± 5.7 μL/min) and patients with moderate to severe DR (34.6 ± 10.4 μL/min). Retinal oxygen extraction was the highest in healthy subjects (2.24 ± 0.57 μL O2/min), followed by patients with no DR (2.14 ± 0.6 μL O2/min), mild DR (1.90 ± 0.77 μL O2/min), and moderate to severe DR (1.78 ± 0.57 μL O2/min, P = 0.040 vs. healthy subjects). These results indicate that retinal oxygen metabolism is altered in patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, retinal oxygen extraction decreases with increasing severity of DR.
Type I X-ray bursts, burst oscillations and kHz quasi-periodic oscillations in the neutron star system IGR J17191−2821

We present a detailed study of the X-ray energy and power spectral properties of the neutron star transient IGR J17191−2821. We discovered four instances of pairs of simultaneous kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs). The frequency difference between these kHz QPOs is between 315 and 362 Hz. We also report on the detection of five thermonuclear type I X-ray bursts and the discovery of burst oscillations at ∼294 Hz during three of them. Finally, we report on a faint and short outburst precursor, which occurred about two months before the main outburst. Our results on the broad-band spectral and variability properties allow us to firmly establish the atoll source nature of IGR J17191−2821.
Food metabolomics: Latest hardware—developments for nontargeted food authenticity and food safety testing

The analytical requirements for food testing have increased significantly in recent years. On the one hand, because food fraud is becoming an ever‐greater challenge worldwide, and on the other hand because food safety is often difficult to monitor due to the far‐reaching trade chains. In addition, the expectations of consumers on the quality of food have increased, and they are demanding extensive information. Cutting‐edge analytical methods are required to meet these demands. In this context, non‐targeted metabolomics strategies using mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (mass spectrometry [MS]) have proven to be very suitable. MS‐based approaches are of particular importance as they provide a comparatively high analytical coverage of the metabolome. Accordingly, the efficiency to address even challenging issues is high. A variety of hardware developments, which are explained in this review, have contributed to these advances. In addition, the potential of future developments is highlighted, some of which are currently not yet commercially available or only used to a comparatively small extent but are expected to gain in importance in the coming years.
Particular approach for study guided wave propagation in chiral media

Abstract: In this paper, we study the answer of a chiral material excited by an electromagnetic guided wave. In this way, we are particularly interested by the field distribution in a coplanar structure based on the involved chiral material. This chiral material is supposed to be homogeneous, isotropic and lossless. The propagation characteristics of the guided waves have been analyzed in a chiral medium. Modes calculations have been achieved in a lossless chiral medium. Using Maxwell’s curl equations for source-free regions together with the set of constitutive relations, the dispersion relation of propagating and evanescent modes for this chirowaveguide have been obtained and analyzed. We show that the existent modes regardless to their nature: propagative or evanescent; are both bifurcated modes. In this paper, the formalism used to describe the chirowaveguide represent a new approach which is based on calculation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The derivation proposed here is new and different of that used in Ref.3. The results obtained, using a diffrent method based on a new mathematical approach, are substantially the same as that one published in the litterature.
FSH can improve semen parameters in patients with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) is commonly used in assisted reproductive technology to promote the development and maturation of follicles in female patients. However, there is no consensus on treating FSH in males with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT), especially in patients with normal serum FSH levels. To determine the role of FSH in improving semen quality in patients with iOAT, we conducted a detailed search in the commonly used database to find all studies on FSH in the treatment of iOAT. We compared the results, including semen volume, sperm count, sperm concentration, percentage of forward sperm motility, percentage of total sperm motility, percentage of normal forms and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) between the two groups treated with FSH or not. A total of 12 randomized controlled trials and one retrospective case‐control study, including 924 people, were included in our meta‐analysis. We found that sperm counts (MD 17.75; 95% CI 11.53–23.98 and p < 0.00001) were significantly increased in patients treated with FSH, along with improvements in sperm concentration (MD 4.52; 95% CI 1.46–7.58 and p = 0.004), percentage of normal forms (MD 2.87; 95% CI 0.19–5.56 and p = 0.04) and DFI (MD −12.62; 95% CI −19.27–5.97 and p = 0.002). However, we found no significant differences in the two groups' changes in other semen parameters. The use of FSH can improve some semen parameters in patients with iOAT, such as sperm count, percentage of normal forms, sperm concentration and DFI.
Evaluation of an injury prevention programme (Prep-to-Play) in women and girls playing Australian Football: design of a pragmatic, type III, hybrid implementation-effectiveness, stepped-wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial

Introduction Due to the increase in participation and risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and concussion in women’s Australian Football, an injury prevention programme (Prep-to-Play) was codesigned with consumers (eg, coaches, players) and stakeholders (eg, the Australian Football League). The impact of supported and unsupported interventions on the use of Prep-to-Play (primary aim) and injury rates (secondary aim) will be evaluated in women and girls playing community Australian Football. Methods and analysis This stepped-wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial will include ≥140 teams from U16, U18 or senior women’s competitions. All 10 geographically separated clusters (each containing ≥14 teams) will start in the control (unsupported) phase and be randomised to one of five dates (or ‘wedges’) during the 2021 or 2022 season to sequentially transition to the intervention (supported Prep-to-Play), until all teams receive the intervention. Prep-to-Play includes four elements: a neuromuscular training warm-up, contact-focussed football skills (eg, tackling), strength exercises and education (eg, technique cues). When transitioning to supported interventions, study physiotherapists will deliver a workshop to coaches and player leaders on how to use Prep-to-Play, attend team training at least two times and provide ongoing support. In the unsupported phase, team will continue usual routines and may freely access available Prep-to-Play resources online (eg, posters and videos about the four elements), but without additional face-to-face support. Outcomes will be evaluated throughout the 2021 and 2022 seasons (~14 weeks per season). Primary outcome: use of Prep-to-Play will be reported via a team designate (weekly) and an independent observer (five visits over the two seasons) and defined as the team completing 75% of the programme, two-thirds (67%) of the time. Secondary outcomes: injuries will be reported by the team sports trainer and/or players. Injury definition: any injury occurring during a football match or training that results in: (1) being unable to return to the field of play for that match or (2) missing ≥ one match. Outcomes in the supported and unsupported phases will be compared using a generalised linear mixed model adjusting for clustering and time. Due to the type III hybrid implementation-effectiveness design, the study is powered to detect a improvement in use of Prep-to-Play and a reduction in ACL injuries. Ethics and dissemination La Trobe University Ethics Committee (HREC 20488) approved. Coaches provided informed consent to receive the supported intervention and players provided consent to be contacted if they sustained a head or knee injury. Results will be disseminated through partner organisations, peer-reviewed publications and scientific conferences. Trial registration number NCT04856241.
Frequentist model averaging for undirected Gaussian graphical models

Advances in information technologies have made network data increasingly frequent in a spectrum of big data applications, which is often explored by probabilistic graphical models. To precisely estimate the precision matrix, we propose an optimal model averaging estimator for Gaussian graphs. We prove that the proposed estimator is asymptotically optimal when candidate models are misspecified. The consistency and the asymptotic distribution of model averaging estimator, and the weight convergence are also studied when at least one correct model is included in the candidate set. Furthermore, numerical simulations and a real data analysis on yeast genetic data are conducted to illustrate that the proposed method is promising.
The FoxO4/DKK3 axis represses IFN-γ expression by Th1 cells and limits antimicrobial immunity

Forkhead box O transcriptional factors, especially FoxO1 and FoxO3a, play critical roles in physiologic and pathologic immune responses. However, the function of FoxO4, another main member of the FoxO family, in lymphoid cells is still poorly understood. Here, we showed that loss of FoxO4 in T cells augmented IFN-γ production of Th1 cells in vitro. Correspondingly, conditional deletion of FoxO4 in CD4+ T cells enhanced T cell–specific responses to Listeria monocytogenes infection in vivo. Genome-wide occupancy and transcriptomic analyses identified Dkk3 (encoding the Dickkopf-3 protein) as a direct transcriptional target of FoxO4. Consistent with the FoxO4-DKK3 relationship, recombinant DKK3 protein restored normal levels of IFN-γ production in FoxO4-deficient Th1 cells through the downregulation of lymphoid enhancer–binding factor 1 (Lef1) expression. Together, our data suggest a potential FoxO4/DKK3 axis in Th1 cell differentiation, providing what we believe to be an important insight and supplement for FoxO family proteins in T lymphocyte biology and revealing a promising target for the treatment of immune-related diseases.
Changes in the architecture and abundance of replication intermediates delineate the chronology of DNA damage tolerance pathways at UV-stalled replication forks in human cells

Abstract DNA lesions in S phase threaten genome stability. The DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways overcome these obstacles and allow completion of DNA synthesis by the use of specialised translesion (TLS) DNA polymerases or through recombination-related processes. However, how these mechanisms coordinate with each other and with bulk replication remains elusive. To address these issues, we monitored the variation of replication intermediate architecture in response to ultraviolet irradiation using transmission electron microscopy. We show that the TLS polymerase η, able to accurately bypass the major UV lesion and mutated in the skin cancer-prone xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) syndrome, acts at the replication fork to resolve uncoupling and prevent post-replicative gap accumulation. Repriming occurs as a compensatory mechanism when this on-the-fly mechanism cannot operate, and is therefore predominant in XPV cells. Interestingly, our data support a recombination-independent function of RAD51 at the replication fork to sustain repriming. Finally, we provide evidence for the post-replicative commitment of recombination in gap repair and for pioneering observations of in vivo recombination intermediates. Altogether, we propose a chronology of UV damage tolerance in human cells that highlights the key role of polη in shaping this response and ensuring the continuity of DNA synthesis.
Convective cells and anomalous plasma diffusion

A nonlinear mechanism for the excitation of convective motion by short (k/sub perpendicular/rho/sub i/approx.1) drift waves is analyzed. A system of equations describing the interaction of the drift waves and the convective cells is derived. A solution is found for the problem of the generation of a convection mode in the decay of a monochromatic drift wave. A qualitative analysis is made of the process by which the convective cells are produced by drift turbulence and of the effect of the cells on the anomalous plasma diffusion.