Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth trajectories of exercise self-efficacy in older adults: influence of measures and initial status.

OBJECTIVE This study examined differential trajectories of exercise-related self-efficacy beliefs across a 12-month randomized controlled exercise trial. METHOD Previously inactive older adults (N = 144; M age = 66.5) were randomly assigned to one of two exercise conditions (walking, flexibility-toning-balance) and completed measures of barriers self-efficacy (BARSE), exercise self-efficacy (EXSE), and self-efficacy for walking (SEW) across a 12-month period. Changes in efficacy were examined according to efficacy type and interindividual differences. Latent growth curve modeling was employed to (a) examine average levels and change in each type of efficacy for the collapsed sample and by intervention condition and (b) explore subpopulations (i.e., latent classes) within the sample that differ in their baseline efficacy and trajectory. RESULTS Analyses revealed two negative trends in BARSE and EXSE at predicted transition points, in addition to a positive linear trend in SEW. Two subgroups with unique baseline efficacy and trajectory profiles were also identified. CONCLUSION These results shed new light on the relationship between exercise and self-efficacy in older adults. They also highlight the need for strategies for increasing and maintaining efficacy within interventions, namely targeting participants who start with a disadvantage (lower efficacy) and integrating efficacy-boosting strategies for all participants prior to program end.
Fat Oxidation Rate as a Function of Plasma Lipid and Hormone Response in Endurance Athletes.

Soria, M, Ansón, M, Lou-Bonafonte, JM, Andrés-Otero, MJ, Puente, JJ, and Escanero, J. Fat oxidation rate as a function of plasma lipid and hormone response in endurance athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-Plasma lipid changes during incremental exercise are not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among fat oxidation rate, plasma lipids, and hormone concentrations in well-trained athletes. Twenty-six trained triathletes completed a graded cycle ergometer test to exhaustion increasing by 0.5 W·kg every 10 minutes. Fat oxidation rates were determined using indirect calorimetry. For each individual, maximal fat oxidation (MFO), the intensity at which MFO occurred (Fatmax), and the intensity at which fat oxidation became negligible (Fatmin) were determined. Blood samples for lipids and hormones analysis were collected at the end of each stage of the graded exercise test. All variables studied except insulin showed an increase at the end of incremental protocol with respect to basal levels. Free fatty acid reached significant increase at 60%V[Combining Dot Above]O2max and maximal levels at 70%V[Combining Dot Above]O2max. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) decreased and showed lowest levels at 60%V[Combining Dot Above]O2max and reaching significant increases after 80%V[Combining Dot Above]O2max. High-density lipoprotein reached significant increase at 60%V[Combining Dot Above]O2max. Adrenaline and noradrenaline increased until the end of the incremental exercise, and significant differences were from 50%V[Combining Dot Above]O2max. These results suggest that exercise intensities are related to plasma lipids levels. In the zone when lipids oxidation is maximal, plasma LDL and TG variation differs from other lipids. These results may have application for the more adequate exercise intensity prescription to maximize the beneficial effects of exercise.
P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists and Morphine: A Dangerous Liaison?

P2Y12 receptor antagonists, concurrently administered with aspirin in what has come to be commonly called dual antiplatelet therapy, are a mainstay of treatment for patients with acute coronary syndromes. Morphine, on the contrary, is a commonly used drug in the acute phase of acute coronary syndromes to relieve pain—with the added potential benefit of attenuating acutely raised sympathetic tone. In current guidelines, though, morphine is recommended with decreasing strength of recommendation. One reason is that it raises concern regarding the potentially significant interaction with antiplatelet agents, leading to impaired inhibition of platelet activation. In any case, it is still considered a mandatory part of the inventory of available medications in prehospital acute myocardial infarction management. The goal of the present review is to present published evidence on morphine and its potential interactions with P2Y12 receptor antagonists, as well as on the central issue of whether such interactions may underlie clinically significant effects on patient outcomes.
Evaluating metronidazole as a novel, safe CYP2A6 phenotyping probe in healthy adults

CYP2A6 is a genetically polymorphic enzyme resulting in differential substrate metabolism and health behaviours. Current phenotyping probes for CYP2A6 exhibit limitations related to procurement (deuterated cotinine), toxicity (coumarin), specificity (caffeine) and age‐appropriate administration (nicotine, NIC). In vitro, CYP2A6 selectively forms 2‐hydroxymetronidazole (2HM) from metronidazole (MTZ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate MTZ as a CYP2A6 phenotyping probe drug in healthy adults against the well‐established method of measuring trans‐3‐hydroxycotinine (3HC)/cotinine (COT).
Repeatability of sound-evoked triceps myogenic potentials

Abstract Objective: To investigate the repeatability of sound-evoked vestibular evoked myogenic potentials recorded from the triceps (tVEMPs) with and without visual feedback. Design: tVEMP responses to 95 dB nHL 500-Hz tone bursts were recorded in a longitudinal, repeated measures study where P1 and N1 latencies and amplitudes were measured on three separate occasions from the same individuals. Analysis of variance, intra-class correlations, and limits of repeatability analyses were used to assess tVEMP repeatability and effects of visual feedback. Study sample: Fifteen participants (nine women) aged between 18 and 41 years took part. Results: Response rates of 63% and 68% were obtained for tVEMPs with eyes open and closed, respectively. When present, tVEMP latencies and amplitudes exhibited fair to good repeatability. Repeatability of tVEMP latencies and amplitudes measured using Bland-Altman methods was poorer with eyes closed. Conclusions: Sound-evoked tVEMP response rates are too low to support their clinical utility at the moment. tVEMP response rate may be improved by refining the balance task to include a force related target. Better tVEMP repeatability with eyes open supports the hypothesis that the response is modulated by visual feedback, and is consistent with studies reporting triceps responses to galvanic stimulation.
Phase 2 multicentre study of single‐agent ofatumumab in previously untreated follicular lymphoma: CALGB 50901 (Alliance)

Rituximab monotherapy has proven efficacy in treatment‐naïve, asymptomatic advanced‐stage follicular lymphoma (FL). Ofatumumab is a fully humanized anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody with increased CD20 affinity and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity. This phase 2 trial (NCT01190449) evaluated ofatumumab in patients with untreated, low/intermediate‐risk FL International Prognostic Index (FLIPI), advanced‐stage FL to determine single‐agent efficacy. Patients with measurable disease in stages III/IV or bulky stage II, regardless of Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes Folliculaires criteria, received 4 weekly 1000 mg doses followed by four extended induction doses once every 8 weeks. Primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) to 1000 mg; secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and safety. Fifty‐one patients were enrolled. Fifteen patients were randomized to 500 mg prior to discontinuing that arm for slow accrual. Among 36 patients on the 1000 mg arm, ORR was 84%, median PFS was 1·9 years and median response duration was 23·7 months. All patients remain alive. No grade 4 infusion reactions or grade 3/4 infections occurred. Grade 3 infusion reactions occurred in 25% in the 1000 mg arm only (all first infusion); all but two patients continued on study. Discontinuation was 6% for the total study population. Ofatumumab monotherapy administered by extended induction in untreated, low/intermediate‐risk FLIPI, advanced‐stage FL is well tolerated and active. Activity appears similar to that reported with single‐agent rituximab.
Well-being in dementia: a cross-sectional dyadic study of the impact of multiple dimensions of strain on persons living with dementia and their family care partners

ABSTRACT Background and Purpose: The impact of dementia-related stressors and strains have been examined for their potential to threaten the well-being of either the person with dementia or the family care partner, but rarely have studies considered the dyadic nature of well-being in dementia. The purpose of this study was to examine the dyadic effects of multiple dimensions of strain on the well-being of dementia care dyads. Methods: Using multilevel modeling to account for the inter-relatedness of individual well-being within dementia care dyads, we examined cross-sectional responses collected from 42 dyads comprised of a hospitalized patient diagnosed with a primary progressive dementia (PWD) and their family care partner (CP). Both PWDs and CPs self-reported on their own well-being using measures of quality of life (QOL-Alzheimer’s Disease scale) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale). Results: In adjusted models, the PWD’s well-being (higher QOL and lower depressive symptoms) was associated with significantly less strain in the dyad’s relationship. The CP’s well-being was associated with significantly less care-related strain and (for QOL scale) less relationship strain. Conclusions: Understanding the impact of dementia on the well-being of PWDs or CPs may require an assessment of both members of the dementia care dyad in order to gain a complete picture of how dementia-related stressors and strains impact individual well-being. These results underscore the need to assess and manage dementia-related strain as a multi-dimensional construct that may include strain related to the progression of the disease, strain from providing care, and strain on the dyad’s relationship quality.
Impact of high dose volumetric CT on PTV margin reduction in VMAT prostate radiotherapy

The aim of the study is to determine PTV margin for inter-observer variability in the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) prostate radiotherapy with high-dose volumetric CT (HDVCT) and conventional helical CT (CCT) for planning. Secondly to investigate the impact of geometric (PTV expansion) and dosimetric (conformity) imperfection of planning process on the PTV margin analysis. Prostate gland of ten patients were scanned with CCT and HDVCT techniques consecutively on a 320 slice volumetric CT scanner with wide field detector of 16 cm. Five radiation oncologists delineated CTV of the prostate. VMAT plans were developed with PTV margin of 4 mm and 6 mm (totaling 200 plans) and target coverage of each plan was evaluated on the target volume in agreement determined by shared voxels with three or more from 5 observers. Dosimetry on 200 VMAT plans showed that PTV margin for inter-observer variability were 6 mm and 4 mm for CCT and HDVCT techniques, respectively. It is about 3 mm smaller than our estimation from the previous study (8.8 mm and 7.3 mm) based on the inter-observer variability. This difference is mainly due to the accuracy of PTV volume expansion and limited dose conformity to guarantee target coverage. PTVs were measured 2 mm larger on average than the assigned margin. Planning iso-dose volume was found to be 2 mm larger than PTV. Regardless these limitations, enhanced image quality of HDVCT reduces PTV margin by 2 mm compared to CCT. PTV reduction of 2 mm potentially leads to 15% reduction in D30% of rectal and bladder wall maintaining the same target coverage. Inter-observer variability remains a source of systematic uncertainty. HDVCT for treatment planning demonstrated reduction of the uncertainty and the PTV margin by 2 mm. It is important to consider the over-expanded PTV volume and generous iso-dose volume after optimization in the process of radiotherapy planning in the determination of PTV margin.
Sex-dependent posterior fossa anatomical differences in trigeminal neuralgia patients with and without neurovascular compression: a volumetric MRI age- and sex-matched case-control study.

OBJECTIVEThe pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in patients without neurovascular compression (NVC) is not completely understood. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the hypothesis that TN patients without NVC differ from TN patient with NVC with respect to brain anatomy and demographic characteristics.METHODSSix anatomical brain measurements from high-resolution brain MR images were tabulated; anterior-posterior (AP) prepontine cistern length, cerebellopontine angle (CPA) cistern volume, nerve-to-nerve distance, symptomatic nerve length, pons volume, and posterior fossa volume were assessed on OsiriX. Brain MRI anatomical measurements from 232 patients with either TN type 1 or TN type 2 (TN group) were compared with measurements obtained in 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (control group). Two-way ANOVA tests were conducted on the 6 measurements relative to group and NVC status. Bonferroni adjustments were used to correct for multiple comparisons. A nonhierarchical k-means cluster analysis was performed on the TN group using age and posterior fossa volume as independent variables.RESULTSWithin the TN group, females were found to be younger than males and less likely to have NVC. The odds ratio (OR) of females not having NVC compared to males was 2.7 (95% CI 1.3-5.5, p = 0.017). Patients younger than 30 years were much less likely to have NVC compared to older patients (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.3-18.4, p = 0.017). The mean AP prepontine cistern length and symptomatic nerve length were smaller in the TN group than in the control group (5.3 vs 6.5 mm and 8.7 vs 9.7 mm, respectively; p < 0.001). The posterior fossa volume was significantly smaller in TN patients without NVC compared to those with NVC. A TN group cluster analysis suggested a sex-dependent difference that was not observed in those without NVC. Factorial ANOVA and post hoc testing found that findings in males without NVC were significantly different from those in controls or male TN patients with NVC and similar to those in females (female controls as well as female TN patients with or without NVC). CONCLUSIONSPosterior fossa volume in males was larger than posterior fossa volume in females. This finding, along with the higher incidence of TN in females, suggests that smaller posterior fossa volume might be an independent factor in the pathophysiology of TN, which warrants further study.
Packed-bed biofilm reactor for semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater: performances and COD mass balance analysis

ABSTRACT In the present study, the treatability of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) using an anaerobic fixed bed biofilm reactor packed with granular activated carbon (GAC) and inoculated with non-acclimated biomass was performed in a semi-continuous mode under mesophilic conditions. Three organic loading rates (OLR) varied from 0.94 to 2.81 g COD/(L d) were applied. The results of batch adsorption tests on GAC and the experimental data from PBBR-GAC operation were used to set up a COD mass balance in order to investigate the effect of adsorption on the COD removal during the three anaerobic treatment steps. Despite the slight accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during the second and the third steps, between 735 and 1135 mg COD/L (as acetic acid), a stable environment for methanogens was maintained for a period of 104 days. During the three steps, degradation levels were up to 80% of COD and 85% of phenolic compounds. An averaged specific biogas production of 1.77 LN/d and a methane (CH4) concentration of about 60%, corresponding to a CH4 yield of 0.31 L CH4produced/g CODdepleted, were reached at an OLR of 2.81 g COD/(L d). The results show that the COD mass balance was not closed during the first two steps, while in the third step, it could be around 96%. This finding suggests that the adsorption of organic substances on activated carbon occur just during the two first steps, while at 2.81 g COD/(L d) OLR no adsorption is occurring and the introduced COD becomes completely available for CH4 production. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Chronic sleep restriction greatly magnifies performance decrements immediately after awakening.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep inertia, subjectively experienced as grogginess felt upon awakening, causes cognitive performance impairments that can require up to 1.5 hr to dissipate. It is unknown, however, how chronic sleep restriction (CSR) influences the magnitude and duration of sleep inertia-related performance deficits. METHODS Twenty-six healthy participants were enrolled in one of two in-laboratory sleep restriction protocols (one 32 day randomized control and one 38 day protocol) that separated the influence of sleep and circadian effects on performance using different "day"-lengths (20 and 42.85 hr day-lengths, respectively). The sleep opportunity per 24 hr day was the equivalent of 5.6 hr for each CSR condition and 8 hr for the Control condition. Participant's performance and subjective sleepiness were assessed within ~2 min after electroencephalogram-verified awakening and every 10 min thereafter for 70 min to evaluate performance and subjective sleepiness during sleep inertia. RESULTS Performance within 2 min of awakening was ~10% worse in CSR conditions compared with Control and remained impaired across the dissipation of sleep inertia in the CSR conditions when compared with Control. These impairments in performance during sleep inertia occurred after only chronic exposure to sleep restriction and were even worse after awakenings during the biological nighttime. Interestingly, despite differences in objective performance, there were no significant differences between groups in subjective levels of sleepiness during sleep inertia. CONCLUSIONS CSR worsens sleep inertia, especially for awakenings during the biological night. These findings are important for individuals needing to perform tasks quickly upon awakening, particularly those who obtain less than 6 hr of sleep on a nightly basis. CLINICAL TRIAL The study "Sleep Duration Required to Restore Performance During Chronic Sleep Restriction" was registered as a clinical trial (#NCT01581125) at clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01581125? term=NCT01581125.&rank=1).
Development, reliability, and piloting of a wheelchair caster failure inspection tool (C-FIT)

Abstract Introduction: Wheelchair casters fail frequently in the field causing multiple user consequences and wheelchair breakdowns. To inform caster design improvement, there exists no validated tools that can collect caster failures. This need motivated the development of a user-reported, caster failure inspection tool (C-FIT). Methods: To develop C-FIT, a multistep design and testing approach was used which included face validity testing, test-retest reliability testing and expert review. Reliability testing was conducted with two independent cohorts of wheelchair professionals who inspected caster failures physically and online through pictures. The tool was revised based on testing outcomes and expert feedback. For preliminary data collection and evaluating usability, C-FIT was piloted at wheelchair service centers in Scotland, Indonesia and Mexico. Results: Caster failure items reported in the literature were screened to develop the initial list of C-FIT items. Face validity testing conducted through surveys with wheelchair experts (n = 6) provided 14 items for C-FIT inclusion. The test-retest reliability was found to be high for 10 items with physical failure inspections (n = 12). For each of these items, 75% or more participants had substantial to almost perfect agreement scores (κ = 0.6–1.0). Lower reliability scores were found with online failure inspections (n = 11). C-FIT received positive usability feedback from study participants and data collectors in the field. Pilot field data (n = 31) included comprehensive details about failures useful for manufacturers, designers and researchers to improve caster designs. Conclusions: The C-FIT tool developed in this study has substantial reliability and can be used for documenting caster failures at wheelchair service centers. Implications for rehabilitation Collecting data on caster failures is an important first step to inform design improvements and caster quality testing methods. The caster failure inspection tool is a reliable tool that can be used during wheelchair repair and servicing to collect caster failures in a standardized way. The failure data can be used by wheelchair manufacturers, designers, technicians and researchers to develop reliable caster designs. Wheelchair providers can select caster designs based on context of use.
Understanding the Role of Allies in Systemic Consumer Empowerment: A Literature Review

Abstract Contemporary mental health policies call for the inclusion of consumers in the development, implementation and evaluation of mental health services. Barriers to systemic consumer engagement have been related to unequal distributions of power. One of the goals of the consumer movement is to address imbalances of power, resources and knowledge. Empowerment through consumer leadership in the mental health sector has been identified as a fundamental goal of the consumer movement and has been considered the philosophical basis for alternative models of mental health care. However, currently such systemic empowerment is poorly understood, assuming diverse and at times contradictory definitions within mental health literature. The role of allies as facilitators of systemic empowerment opportunities has been recognised and valued within numerous social movements. Currently, there is a lack of research in regards to the potential role of allies in the consumer movement and more specifically in systemic consumer empowerment. Future research should seek to more clearly define systemic consumer empowerment. Additionally, future research collaborations between consumer and ally perspectives should specifically investigate the role of allies in systemic consumer empowerment, to highlight potential opportunities and limitations.
Skull Base 3D Modeling of Rigid Buttress for Gasket-Seal Closure Using Operative Endoscopic Imaging: Cadaveric Feasibility

Abstract Surgical defect closure following endonasal transsphenoidal tumor resection is a critical component of procedural success. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling of relevant skull base anatomy during resection can potentially facilitate design of a custom rigid buttress for gasket-seal closure; however, access to conventional cross-sectional imaging intraoperatively is limited and cumbersome. Endoscopic imaging, by contrast, is always available. This work demonstrates the feasibility of 3D modeling of the visible skull base through structure-from-motion photogrammetric postprocessing techniques, providing a suitable template to design a gasket-seal buttress. Additionally, endoscopic 3D reconstruction of skull base surface anatomy may represent a more robust depiction of the surgical defect than is available by conventional 3D modeling with computed tomography, which suboptimally recapitulates very thin bones and mucosal surfaces typical of this regional anatomy.