Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symposium : New Technologies for Nutrition Research New Technologies for Nutrition Research 1

The Experimental Biology 2003 symposium entitled “New Technologies for Nutrition Research” was organized to highlight new and emerging technologies, including nanotechnology and proteomics, and to suggest ways for their integration into nutrition research. Speakers focused on topics that included accelerator mass spectrometry for ultra-low level radiolabel tracing, nanodevices for real-time optical intracellular sensing, mass spectrometric techniques for examining protein expression, as well as potential applications for nanotechnology in the food sciences. These technologies may be particularly useful in obtaining accurate spatial information and low-level detection of essential and nonessential bioactive food components (nutrients) and their metabolites, and in enhancing the understanding of the impact of nutrient/metabolite and biomolecular interactions. Highlights from this symposium are presented briefly herein. J. Nutr. 134: 681–685, 2004.
Evaluation of Molecular Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains By Polymorphisms in RD Regions

Background: The region of differences (RDs) polymorphisms is a potential molecular epidemiology method to distinguish origins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Till date, 68 RDs were identified in MTB. This study was designed to investigate highly polymorphic regions (RD1, RD150 and RD181) among MTB strains isolates from Iranian Pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB). Method and materials: A total of the 190 MTB isolates were identified by conventional and molecular methods. Thereafter, Spoligotyping and RD typing (RD1, RD150 and RD181) were applied to genotype these strains. Results: The most frequent spoligotype belong to Haarlem (n=72, 37.8%) followed by CAS (n=37, 19.4%), T1 (n=18, 9.4%) and Beijing (n=11, 5.7%) lineages. Deletion in RD181 was only identified among Beijing lineage. Conclusion: Deletion in RD181 was prominent among the prevalent Beijing strains in Iran. In this regard, this deletion marker can be used in identification, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of the Beijing genotype.
Assumption Lean Regression

Abstract It is well known that with observational data, models used in conventional regression analyses are commonly misspecified. Yet in practice, one tends to proceed with interpretations and inferences that rely on correct specification. Even those who invoke Box’s maxim that all models are wrong proceed as if results were generally useful. Misspecification, however, has implications that affect practice. Regression models are approximations to a true response surface and should be treated as such. Accordingly, regression parameters should be interpreted as statistical functionals. Importantly, the regressor distribution affects targets of estimation and regressor randomness affects the sampling variability of estimates. As a consequence, inference should be based on sandwich estimators or the pairs (x–y) bootstrap. Traditional prediction intervals lose their pointwise coverage guarantees, but empirically calibrated intervals can be justified for future populations. We illustrate the key concepts with an empirical application.
Lake Michigan Lake Breezes: Climatology, Local Forcing, and Synoptic Environment

A method was developed to identify the occurrence of lake-breeze events along the eastern, western, and both shores of Lake Michigan during a 15-yr period (1982‐96). Comparison with detailed observations from May through September of 1996‐97 showed that the method reasonably identified Lake Michigan lake-breeze events. The method also demonstrated the important ability to distinguish non-lake-breeze events; a problem experienced by previously developed lake-breeze criteria. Analyses of the 15-yr climatological data indicated that lake breezes tended to occur more frequently along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan than along the western shore. On average, a maximum number of lake-breeze events occurred during August at each location. This maximum is most closely associated with weaker monthly average wind speeds. Even though the air‐lake temperature difference DT provides the local forcing for the development of the lake-breeze circulation, large temperature differences are not required. Nearly 70% of all events occurred with a daytime maximum DT # 128C. The evaluation of a lake-breeze index « used in past studies and many forecasting applications showed indices computed using offshore or shore-perpendicular wind speeds (U or |U|, respectively) at inland sites resolved $95% of identified events based on critical « values of 2‐6. When wind speed, irrespective of wind direction, was used to calculate «, the success of the critical indices decreased by as much as 26%. Results also showed that the lake-breeze index has a considerable tendency to overestimate the number of events. Although the possibility was suggested by previous investigations, the critical value of « may not be appreciably affected by changes in location along the shoreline. In addition, noteworthy differences in the position of synoptic-scale sea level pressure and wind fields with respect to Lake Michigan were found to occur during eastern, western, and both-shore lake-breeze events.
Penumbral Dose Characteristics of Physical and Virtual Wedge Profiles

Purpose: Both physical and virtual wedges are used in radiotherapy to get uniform and desired dose distribution in clinical setting. All linear accelerators of different venders have computer controlled dynamic wedges called virtual wedge filters. Penumbra is one of the important photon beam characteristics needed to be understood in radiation therapy at the time of commissioning of Treatment Planning system (TPS) as well as applying various treatment planning algorithms in clinical applications. In this study we measured the dose profiles of open field, physical wedges (PW) and virtual wedges (VW) for energies (6 MV & 15 MV), various field sizes (10 × 10, 15 × 15 & 20 × 20 cm2), depths (dmax, 10 cm, 20 cm) and wedge angles (15°, 30°, 45° and 60°). From beam profile we calculated the penumbral width for open and wedged fields. The study was carried out on Siemens ONCOR IMRT Plus linear accelerator. The obtained penumbral width of PW and VW of all wedge angles was subtracted from the penumbral width of open field. The deviations in penumbral width were compared and statistically analyzed as a function of energy, depth, field size and wedge angles. Material and Method: The penumbral width was measured using IBA CC13 ion chamber in IBA Blue phantom (a 3D water phantom). The source to surface distance (SSD) during our study was kept 100cm and measurement was taken for 10 × 10, 15 × 15, 20 × 20 cm2 field sizes and for 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° wedges. These measurements were taken for both 6 MV and 15 MV photon energies. Virtual wedge profiles were acquired using LDA-99 linear detector array (IBA, Germany). The deviations in penumbral width for both PW and VW were calculated by subtracting the penumbral width from open field penumbral width in gun direction (in-plane) and deviation in VW penumbral width, and were obtained by subtracting the open field penumbral width in left-right direction (cross-plane) direction. The measured deviations were plotted for both PW and VW. Statistics on the measured deviations was performed by using SPSS Version 15. Results & Conclusion: The results of one way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) show that the deviations are significant with energy and the deviations are higher in lower energy than higher energy. The deviations increase as depth increases, the deviations are also significant with depth. The deviations increase with field sizes; the deviations as a function of field size are highly significant. The deviations are higher in PW than VW but the deviations with wedge type are in-significant. As wedge angle increases, deviations also increase and the effect of wedge angle is highly significant on deviations.
Circular and elliptic orbits in a feedback-mediated chemostat

A chemostat with two organisms competing for a single growth-limiting nutrient controlled by feedback-mediated dilution rate is analyzed. A specific feedback function is constructed which yields circular and elliptical periodic orbits for the limiting system. A theorem on the stabilization of periodic orbits in conservative systems is developed and for a given elliptical orbit, the result is used to modify the chemostat so that the chosen orbit is asymptotically stable. Finally, the feedback function is modified so that finitely many nested periodic orbits of alternating stability exist.
STATEMENT ON RESEARCH

Dynamical systems, or chaos theory, is the study of the long-term behavior of systems that evolve over time. We analyze, for example, the movements of the solar system (this is the n-body problem, which is still unsolved), or the state of the atmosphere and the weather, or the population of the state of Georgia, or the expansion and contraction of heart muscle, or the strategic behavior of economic agents. Mathematically speaking, a dynamical system is just a set X of possible states (the state space), along with a rule, or function, f which, given the current state, tells you what the next state will be. For example, if we know the positions and velocities of all the bodies in the solar system right now, then Newton’s laws of motion tell us where they will be a year from now. What we are learning is that even very simple rules can lead to extremely complicated, or chaotic, behavior. A famous example is the butterfly effect – even a tiny little change, like a butterfly flapping its wings, can create big consequences, like a hurricane the next year. Another is the Mandelbrot set (Fig. 1), a fractal which arises from the rule f(z) = z + c. In the presence of chaotic dynamics, it is impossible to predict exactly how a system will behave. Instead, we try to answer questions such as, What kinds of behavior are possible? Will the system ever return to its current state? How chaotic is the behavior likely to be? (We can’t predict the high temperature in Atlanta on August 1, 2013, but we can say that it will probably be at least 60◦.) In my field, topological dynamics, we study systems that have a certain structure (namely, the rule f governing the system must be continuous), and use that structure to try
Hybrid-Actuated Finger Prosthesis with Tactile Sensing

Finger prostheses are devices developed to emulate the functionality of natural human fingers. On top of their aesthetic appearance in terms of shape, size and colour, such biomimetic devices require a high level of dexterity. They must be capable of gripping an object, and even manipulating it in the hand. This paper presents a biomimetic robotic finger actuated by a hybrid mechanism and integrated with a tactile sensor. The hybrid actuation mechanism comprises a DC micromotor and a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wire. A customized test rig has been developed to measure the force and stroke produced by the SMA wire. In parallel with the actuator development, experimental investigations have been conducted on Quantum Tunnelling Composite (QTC) and Pressure Conductive Rubber (PCR) towards the development of a tactile sensor for the finger. The viability of using these materials for tactile sensing has been determined. Such a hybrid actuation approach aided with tactile sensing capability enables a finger design as an integral part of a prosthetic hand for applications up to the transradial amputation level.
An Application Of Machine Learning Methods To The Derivation Of Exposure-Response Curves For Respiratory Outcomes

Analyses of epidemiological studies of the association between short-term changes in air pollution and health outcomes have not sufficiently discussed the degree to which the statistical models chosen for these analyses reflect what is actually known about the true data-generating distribution. We present a method to estimate population-level ambient air pollution (NO2) exposure-health (wheeze in children with asthma) response functions that is not dependent on assumptions about the data-generating function that underlies the observed data and which focuses on a specific scientific parameter of interest (the marginal adjusted association of exposure on probability of wheeze, over a grid of possible exposure values). We show that this approach provides a more nuanced summary of the data than more typical statistical methods used in air pollution epidemiology and epidemiological studies in general.
INFINITELY MANY SOLUTIONS FOR A FOURTH-ORDER BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEM

In this article we consider the existence of infinitely many solutions to the fourth-order boundary-value problem u + αu′′ + β(x)u = λf(x, u) + h(u), x ∈]0, 1[ u(0) = u(1) = 0, u′′(0) = u′′(1) = 0 . Our approach is based on variational methods and critical point theory.
Arithmetic disability of adults

Acknowledgments List of tables List of figures Introduction The importance of numeracy Definitional issues of arithrnetic disability Literature review Computation Attitude toward math Reasoning in math Design C.A. R. a modei for assessrnent Anthmetic disability: a delay or deficit? Research questions Hypo theses Me thodology Participants Tas ks Computational arithmetic Attitude and confidence regarding math Reasoning skills in math Procedure Results Computational skills Attitude Math anxiety Confidence rating Reasoning in math Discussion 51 Similarities and differences in computational skills of the three groups 52 Written computation 52 Mental computation 57 Similarities and differences in attitude among the groups 58 Math anxiety 59 Confidence rating 60 Cornparison of the three groups on reasoning skills 61 A modification of the developmental lag framework 64 Implications for remediation 67 Computation 67 Reasoning skills 68 Limitations of the study 7'1 Characteristics of the participants 71 The assessment mode1 72 The design 73 Conclusion 75
Efficacy and safety of the C-QurTM Film Adhesion Barrier for the prevention of surgical adhesions (CLIPEUS Trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Adhesions develop in over 90% of patients after intra-abdominal surgery. Adhesion barriers are rarely used despite the high morbidity caused by intra-abdominal adhesions. Only one of the currently available adhesion barriers has demonstrated consistent evidence for reducing adhesions in visceral surgery. This agent has limitations through poor handling characteristics because it is sticky on both sides. C-QurTM Film is a novel thin film adhesion barrier and it is sticky on only one side, resulting in better handling characteristics. The objective of this study is to assess efficacy and safety of C-QurTM Film to decrease the incidence of adhesions after colorectal surgery. Methods/Design: This is a prospective, investigator initiated, randomized, double-blinded, multicenter trial. Eligible patients undergoing colorectal resection requiring temporary loop ileostomy or loop/split colostomy by laparotomy or hand assisted laparoscopy will be included in the trial. Before closure, patients are randomized 1:1 to either the treatment arm (C-QurTM Film) or control arm (no adhesion barrier). Patients will return 8 to 16 weeks post-colorectal resection for take down of their ostomy. During ostomy takedown, adhesions will be evaluated for incidence, extent, and severity. The primary outcome evaluation will be assessment of adhesions to the incision site. It is hypothesized that the use of C-QurTM Film underneath the primary incision reduces the incidence of adhesion at the incision by 30%. To demonstrate 30% reduction in the incidence of adhesions, a sample size of 84 patients (32 + 10 per group (25% drop out)) is required (two-sided test, α = 0.05, 80% power). Discussion: Results of this study add to the evidence on the use of anti-adhesive barriers in open and laparoscopic ‘hand-assisted’ colorectal surgery. We chose incidence of adhesions to the incision site as primary outcome measure since clinical outcomes such as small bowel obstruction, secondary infertility and adhesiolysis related complications are considered multifactorial and difficult to interpret. Incidence of adhesions at repeat surgery is believed to be the most valuable surrogate endpoint for clinically relevant adhesion prevention, since small bowel obstruction and adhesiolysis at repeat surgery are not likely to occur when complete adhesion reduction in a patient is accomplished. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01872650, registration date 6 June 2013.
A Fast Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery at Subfreezing Temperatures

Widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles hinges upon fast rechargeability of lithium-ion batteries in all climates. To date, Li-ion batteries subject to quick charging in extreme cold grow lithium dendrites which consume cyclable lithium thus severely shortening battery life and compromise safety. Here we experimentally demonstrate 3C fast charging at − 30 ◦ C for more than 500 cycles using a new cell structure, the all-climate battery (ACB). Addition of a metal foil creates immense internal heating in the ACB cell upon activation by short pulses of discharge and charge current, allowing charge to 80% state-of-charge in 14 min as opposed to 160 min for a conventional Li-ion cell. Moreover, the ACB cell withstands more than 500 fast-charge cycles while the conventional cell incurs 20% capacity loss after only 12 cycles. The experimental pouch cell of 10 Ah consists of a graphite anode and a NCM622 cathode with a nickel foil coated by polyethylene terephthalate as an internal heating element. We believe that the self-heating ACB cell with 11.4 × faster charging and 40 × better cycle life enables a ubiquitous, weather-independent fast-charging infrastructure required for affordable vehicle electriﬁcation free of range anxiety. This fast rechargeable battery at low temperatures is also essential for outdoor robots and drones as well as can substantially reduce battery size and cost for home and grid energy storage. ©TheAuthor(s) 2016. any
Draft genome sequences of Armillaria fuscipes, Ceratocystiopsis minuta, Ceratocystis adiposa, Endoconidiophora laricicola, E-polonica and Penicillium freii DAOMC 242723

The genomes of Armillaria fuscipes, Ceratocystiopsis minuta, Ceratocystis adiposa, Endoconidiophora laricicola, E. polonica, and Penicillium freii DAOMC 242723 are presented in this genome announcement. These six genomes are from plant pathogens and otherwise economically important fungal species. The genome sizes range from 21 Mb in the case of Ceratocystiopsis minuta to 58 Mb for the basidiomycete Armillaria fuscipes. These genomes include the first reports of genomes for the genus Endoconidiophora. The availability of these genome data will provide opportunities to resolve longstanding questions regarding the taxonomy of species in these genera. In addition these genome sequences through comparative studies with closely related organisms will increase our understanding of how these pathogens cause disease.
PILOT STUDY OF PROMOTION OF PUBLIC BREATH TESTING

This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of various promotional activities in attempting to achieve a 10 percent or greater usage rate of public breath test machines by drivers with a blood alcohol content over 0.05 in licensed premises in Melbourne. The two levels of promotional activity undertaken were placement of posters and coasters in venues (Level A) and posters and coasters plus an inhouse promotional event and local media coverage (Level B). The cost (to the driver) of testing was 20 cents, $1 or $2. The results of the study suggest that reducing the cost of testing to 20 cents would be a more effective way of increasing the number of drivers with BAC greater than . 05 who test themselves, rather than committing resources to promotion. The greatest benefit cost ratios are obtained by using twenty cent machines: the estimated BCR for installing 300 twenty cent machines in the 150 highest volume liquor establishments is 1.41 if the net machine cost per month is $120. All other combinations of cost of testing and net machine cost per month lead to BCRs which are not statistically greater than 1.00. In addition, there may be some smaller volume establishments with higher than average usage rates for which installation of twenty cent machines might result in a BCR significantly greater than one. (a)
On Whitehead's algorithm

One can decide effectively when two finitely generated subgroups of a finitely generated free group F are equivalent under an automorphism of F. The subgroup of automorphisms of F mapping a given finitely generated subgroup S of F into a conjugate of S is finitely presented. In two famous articles [9, 10] which appeared in 1936, J. H. C. Whitehead, using the theory of three-dimensional handlebodies, proved that one can effectively decide when two n-tuples of cyclic words of a finitely generated free group F are equivalent by an automorphism of F. The proof of this result has been simplified successively [7, 3] and the result itself has been immensely influential. Whitehead himself poses the problem of generalizing his theorem [10, p. 800]; namely he raises the question of deciding when two finitely generated subgroups of F are equivalent by an automorphism of F. In 1974 McCool [6] deduced a profound consequence of Whitehead's theorem, proving that the stabilizer, in the automorphism group of F, of an ntuple of cyclic words is finitely presented. Using graph-theoretic techniques we developed in [1] (the results of which were announced in [2]), we have succeeded both in settling Whitehead's question and in generalizing McCool's results. Let A denote the automorphism group of F, and let S denote the set of conjugacy classes of finitely generated subgroups of F with its natural A action. Let S denote the cartesian product of n copies of S with diagonal A action. THEOREM W. There is an effective procedure for determining when two elements of S are in the same orbit of the A-action. THEOREM M. The stabilizer in A of an element of S is finitely presented, and a finite presentation can be effectively determined. In this note we indicate briefly the ideas that go into the proofs of Theorems W and M. Pull details will appear elsewhere. We use the theory of graphs defined in [2]. A graph X is a nonempty set with involution, denoted X H 4 Ï , together with a retraction t : X —• V(X) of X onto the fixed point set V(X) of the involution. Morphisms of graphs preserve the involution and the retraction. The set V(X) is called the set of vertices of Received by the editors September 30, 1983. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 20F34.
Phosphoproteomic Assessment of Therapeutic Kinases for Personalized Therapy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Abstract : Due to the overwhelming evidence for kinase activation in metastatic CRPC tissues, our objective is to utilize a targeted mass spectrometry (MS) approach for the evaluation of current druggable kinases in human prostate cancer biopsies that will ultimately guide personalized therapy decisions. We hypothesize that targeted MS can be effectively used for the stratification of prostate cancer patients based on detection of activated kinases in pre-clinical and biopsy tissues. We have begun to evaluate activated kinases using predesigned phosphopeptides via targeted MS. To date, we have evaluated 111 kinase phosphopeptide standards and were able to detect nearly 75% via targeted MS, nearly half of which at 400 attomole sensitivity. We are currently evaluating phosphopeptide enrichment methods to detect these phosphopeptide standards in small tissue lysate amounts equivalent to a biopsy in cell lines where known genetic alterations in kinases exist. Those experiments are ongoing prior to moving into clinical tissues.