Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Below- and Aboveground Phenology in Deciduous Trees: Observing the Fine-Root Lifespan, Turnover Rate, and Phenology of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L., and Betula pendula Roth for Two Growing Seasons

We tested the relation between the below- and aboveground tree phenology, determining if beech and oak have a greater fine-root lifespan and a smaller turnover rate than birch and if thinner fine-roots or fine-roots born in spring have a shorter lifespan and greater turnover rate than thicker fine-roots or fine-roots born in another season. The fine-root phenology, bud burst, and leaf senescence in Belgian stands were monitored using minirhizotrons, visual observations, and chlorophyll measurements, respectively. The fine-root phenology and the lifespan and turnover rate were estimated using generalized additive models and Kaplan–Meier analyses, respectively. Unlike the aboveground phenology, the belowground phenology did not show a clear and repeating yearly pattern. The cumulative root surface remained stable for birch but peaked for beech and oak around summer to autumn in 2019 and spring in 2020. The new root count was larger in 2019 than in 2020. The mean lifespan of fine-roots with a diameter below 0.5 mm (308 to 399 days) was shorter than those with a diameter between 0.5 to 1 mm (438 to 502 days), 1 to 2 mm (409 to 446 days), or above 2 mm (418 to 471 days). Fine-roots born in different seasons showed a species-specific lifespan and turnover rate.
Research on Outlier Detection Algorithm for Evaluation of Battery System Safety

Battery system is the key part of the electric vehicle. To realize outlier detection in the running process of battery system effectively, a new high-dimensional data stream outlier detection algorithm (DSOD) based on angle distribution is proposed. First, in order to improve the algorithm stability in high-dimensional space, the method of angle distribution-based outlier detection algorithm is employed. Second, to reduce the computational complexity, a small-scale calculation set of data stream is established, which is composed of normal set and border set. For the purpose of solving the problem of concept drift, an update mechanism for the normal set and border set is developed in this paper. By this way, these hidden abnormal points will be rapidly detected. The experimental results on real data sets and battery system simulation data sets demonstrate that DSOD is more efficient than Simple variance of angles (Simple VOA) and angle-based outlier detection (ABOD) and is very suitable for the evaluation of battery system safety.
Design of hierarchical WDM networks

Hierarchical (multi-core) Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks present a challenging design problem to the network designer who wishes to establish all-optical circuits end-to-end and across multiple network cores. Due to the nature of the hierarchical structure and its traffi distribution, it is likely that the inner core requires more capacity when compared to the capacity required by the metro cores, which are individually connected to the inner core. This capacity mismatch cannot be addressed by assigning distinct transmission rates to each core, as this solution would result in using electronic time division add-drop multiplexer to interconnect the traffi across cores with distinct rates. An alternative solution to addressing the capacity mismatch between WDM metro and inner core is explored in this paper, which is based on a limited number of wavelengths (a subset of the full set) being used in the metro core, when compared to the full set of wavelengths being used in the inner core. Two available architectures are presented in the paper, discussing their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Maximum-power-tracking using positive feedback

Certain recent publications report the use of switching power converters, supplied by photovoltaic arrays and employing positive feedback, as maximum power trackers. This paper explains the principle applied, and compares it to other known approaches. A simplified mathematical model that can be used for evaluation of the performance, is derived. Possible improvements are suggested. <<ETX>>
Finite Element Analysis of Planar Microwave Networks

The port admittance matrix of a planar network is formulated in terms of certain harmonic functions related to the port voltages and the network geometry, together with the natural modes of the network with all ports shorted. The necessary harmonic functions and eigenfunctions are found using a finite element technique, for which general-purpose computer programs already exist. An advantage of the method is that the admittance matrix appears in partial-fraction form with geometric data separated from frequency, leading to inexpensive computations where recalculation at various frequencies is required.
Negative index from asymmetric metallic cut wire pairs metamaterials

Metamaterials made of exclusively metallic cut wire pairs have been experimentally demonstrated to exhibit a negative refractive index at optical frequencies. However, other related works on slightly different wire and plate pairs have not shown a negative index. In this paper, we present the analogy between previously reported S-shaped metamaterials and asymmetric cut wire pairs by a simple unifying approach. These two structures present a negative index for some geometrical configurations. Using simulations and experimental measurements in the microwave domain, we investigate the material properties of the last structure. Applying the inversion method from transmission and reflection responses, we show that a negative index is exhibited due to simultaneous negative permittivity ε and permeability μ. A negative index n is experimentally verified in a bulk prism engineered by stacking several layers of the metamaterial.
A Control Method of Charging Level for Battery Energy Storage System for Smoothing Output Fluctuation of Wind Power Generation

This paper proposes a new control method for maintaining a charging level for a battery energy storage system (BESS) coupled with a wind farm (WF) to stabilize WF output.Since output of wind power varies with wind speed, operation of a power system will be influenced if a large number of WFs are interconnected to the power system. The authors have made a research project to conduct demonstration tests of a BESS coupled with a WF to smooth out short-term fluctuations in WF output. In operating the BESS, it is essential to maintain a charging level of a battery within a proper range. This paper thus proposes a new control method called “State-Of-Charge Feedback Control (SOC-FB control)” to stabilize the charging level.In this paper, characteristics of the SOC-FB control are discussed through theoretical analyses with its transfer functions as well as through simulation studies. Analyses on the transfer functions show that the SOC-FB control is effective to stabilize the charging level of the battery. Sensitivity of the control parameters of the SOC-FB control is examined from the viewpoints of the performance of smoothing the output fluctuations and stabilizing the charging level. The performance of the BESS is also examined through simulations using actual WF output data. The results show that charging level is kept within its proper range without deteriorating the smoothing performance by adopting the SOC-FB control, while the charging level goes beyond its proper range without the SOC-FB control.These results clarified the effectiveness of the SOC-FB control to maintain the charging level of the battery. Results of the sensitivity of the control parameters are considered useful to select proper parameters for the control.
KINEMATICS ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THREE DEGREES OF FREEDOM ROBOTIC ARM BY USING MATLAB

The kinematics modeling of the robot arm plays an important role in robot control. This paper presents the kinematic model of a three-degree of freedom articulated robot arm, which is designed for picking and placing an application with hand gripper, where a robot has been manufactured for that purpose. The forward kinematic model has been presented in order to determine the end effector’s poses using the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) convention. For inverse kinematics, an algebraic solution based on trigonometric formulas mixed with geometric method was adopted for a 3 DOF modular manipulator taking into account the existence of a shoulder offset. MATLAB software was used as a tool to simulate and implement the motional characteristics of the robot arm, by creating a 3D visual software package under designing a Graphical User Interface "GUI" with a support simulation from robotic Toolbox (Rtb 10.3). Finally, an electronic interfacing circuit between the GUI program and the robot arm was developed using Arduino microcontroller to control the robot motion. The presented work can be applicable for learning the reality interface design methodology of the other kinds of robot manipulators and achieve a suitable solution for the motional characteristics
Matching the Inhaler to the Patient in COPD

Selecting the most appropriate inhalation device from the wide range available is essential for the successful management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although choice is good for healthcare professionals, knowing which inhaler to prescribe is a complex consideration. Among the key factors to consider are quality of disease control, inhaler technique, inhaler resistance and inspiratory flow, inhaler design and mechanisms of drug delivery, insurance and reimbursement restrictions, and environmental impact. In this article, we offer a simple, practical tool that brings together all these factors and includes hyperlinks to other published resources from the United Kingdom, Belgium, and The Netherlands.
CSR practices and creativity during COVID-19 pandemic in the emerging market: investigating the mediating effect of affective commitment

PurposeThis study aims to explore how corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions (i.e. economic; legal; ethical; philanthropic) foster employee creativity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, an attempt is made to investigate the mediating role of affective commitment to explain the above linkage.Design/methodology/approachThe survey data were collected from 167 employees in the emerging market of Saudi Arabia. The data was analysed using PLS-SEM for frequency, reliability, confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modelling.FindingsThe CSR dimensions, particularly the ethical and philanthropic dimensions, showed both direct and indirect effects on the creativity behaviour of employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, affective commitment mediated the relationship between the legal, ethical and philanthropic CSR dimensions and creativity behaviour.Originality/valueThis study enriches previous CSR empirical research and adds to current literature focused on the determinants of CSR dimensions' effectiveness; particularly, the research is set in a challenging scenario characterized by the pandemic. So, this paper extends previous studies by investigating under which key conditions CSR dimensions are most effective, in particular in two main directions. First, it contributes to the CSR literature by determining how various CSR dimensions influence creativity behaviour during a pandemic. Pandemics are events that occur regularly, and the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular, offers the opportunity to explore its effects on employees' behaviours in the current context. Second, the study's mediation findings contribute to new empirical evidence which suggests that affective commitment has a positive effect on the CSR dimensions of employee creativity behaviour during a pandemic in an emerging market.
A primal decomposition method for the integrated design of multi-period production–distribution systems

We study the integrated design of strategic supply chain networks and the determination of tactical production–distribution allocations in the case of customer demands with seasonal variations. Given a set of potential suppliers, potential manufacturing facilities and distribution centers with multiple possible configurations, and customers with seasonal demands, the goal is to determine the configuration of the production–distribution system with the lowest sum of supply, production, transportation, inventory, and facility costs such that seasonal customer demands are met. We develop a mixed integer programming formulation and an integrated design methodology based on primal (Benders) decomposition. For a case study in the packaging industry, specialized acceleration techniques reduced the running times by a factor of 480. The company projects savings of 2% or $8.3 million by using the integrated rather than the optimal hierarchical configuration.
Does Rotary Pursuit Data Predict Mouse Task Performance? a Pilot Study

Knight & Salvendy (1992) suggested that performance of mouse task depends on precision control and arm-hand steadiness. However, the claims lacked empirical support. This pilot study collected rotary pursuit data, measured by time-on-target (TOT), to assess participants' precision control ability. Performance of mouse task was operationalized using a Fitts' pointing task. Stepwise multiple regression revealed target diameter (D), distance amplitude (A), and TOT contributed to the variability of movement time (MT). Despite highly significant relations, the regression coefficients were so small that they offered little practical value. However, the results indicated that precision control ability is indeed predictive of the performance of mouse task. Several recommendations were made for subsequent studies, they include (i) psychomotor ability should be assessed using multiple trials, (ii) a wider range of ID values should be tested with, (iii) a multi-directional Fitts' paradigm should be employed, and (iv) the mouse task should be more representative of the direct manipulation paradigm.
Low Cost Method Of Turbidity Estimation Using A Smartphone Application In Cirebon Waters, Indonesia

Coastal conditions are closely related to the conditions of rivers and estuaries in the region and changes in the river condition caused by human activities will affect water turbidity. Rivers discharge which carries suspended materials and pollution to the sea have an important role in affecting Cirebon Water turbidity. The aim of this study is to estimate the turbidity using a smartphone application called HydroColor. The study data are obtained in September 2020. This study used Horiba U-10 and HydroColor as a method used to obtain the turbidity data of Cirebon Water. HydroColor is an advancement of technology that can be used to estimate water turbidity. Estimation method using HydroColor is a low-cost method because it only requires a gray card and a HydroColor that is available for iOS and Android for free. HydroColor uses a camera on a smartphone as a 3-band radiometer and produces reflectance values measured by HydroColor. Horiba U-10 data is used as in-situ data and is used to compared to HydroColor data to obtain a correlation between the two data. The results show that the correlation of HydroColor data with in-situ data is 0.91 and HydroColor tends to produce lower turbidity values than in-situ.
A Real-Time Face Recognition System for Android Smart Phone

With the widely application of face recognition and the rapid development of Android OS, technique of face detection and recognition based on Android platform becomes increasingly attractive. This paper presents a real-time face recognition system on Android platform. The system realizes face detection by applying AdaBoost algorithm and face recognition by utilizing Eigenfaces. This paper also came up with some methods to speed up the face detection and recognition process and improve the correct rate of face recognition. Experimental results show that this system is able to realize real-time face detection and recognition on Android smart phones. In addition, all the work is completed on the smart phone without using any other terminals or tools.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 Detection

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths and affected the livelihood of many more people. Early and rapid detection of COVID-19 is a challenging task for the medical community, but it is also crucial in stopping the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Prior substantiation of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields of science has encouraged researchers to further address this problem. Various medical imaging modalities including X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) using AI techniques have greatly helped to curb the COVID-19 outbreak by assisting with early diagnosis. We carried out a systematic review on state-of-the-art AI techniques applied with X-ray, CT, and US images to detect COVID-19. In this paper, we discuss approaches used by various authors and the significance of these research efforts, the potential challenges, and future trends related to the implementation of an AI system for disease detection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Malnutrition in paediatric patients with leukaemia and lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study

1University of Antioquia, Carrera 51d #62-29, Medellín 050010, Colombia 2Paediatrics and Child Health Department, University of Antioquia, Calle Barranquilla #51b-22, Medellín 050010, Colombia 3An tioquia School of Engineering, Universidad EIA, Vda. El Penasco, Envigado, Antioquia 055428, Colombia 4 San Vicente Children’s Hospital Foundation, Calle Barranquilla #51b-22, Medellín 050010, Colombia ahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7027-7476 bhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5823-6110 chttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8568-5421 dhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-7659 ehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-5500 fhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1014-9402
A Study of Lightweight Approaches to Analyze Crime Conditions in India

Abstract Crime prediction is an effort to cut down the crime rate and criminal activities in the society. This paper concentrates on monitoring the crime trends in India using data from 2001 to 2019. The work analyzes the crime condition in India by following a top-to bottom approach and implementing visualization and machine learning algorithms. Heat map visualization of India is done to focus on specific crime types for all states. Furthermore, various demography of human population like age-groups, sex, caste, etc., are considered to have a larger perspective of the issue. The model also suggest proactive measures based on these findings.
Lithium-ion batteries for geosynchronous satellites. Qualification test results of the STENTOR battery

SAFT has been engaged in the development and qualification of lithium-ion cells and batteries for space applications since 1996. This paper presents the results obtained during qualification tests on the first battery built for the STENTOR Satellite. The STENTOR satellite is powered by lithium-ion cells only, with two 45 V-80 Ah battery packs, made from cylindrical shaped 40 Ah lithium-ion cells, and including the electronics to monitor cells voltages and balance the cell to cell capacities. Each battery pack weights less than 37 kg. The required capacity is achieved by connecting two 40 Ah cells in parallel prior to connecting it in series. Then 11 of these group of two cells are series connected. The battery includes an automatic by-pass system to prevent any type of cell failure. The two electronics are cross strapped to ensure that the two battery packs have no single point failure. The first complete battery, built in 1999, was submitted for qualification test, which comprises: capacity test; hot and cold temperatures; thermal vacuum tests; vibration/shock tests; and EMC tests. The paper gives a summary of the development results, together with details and analysis of the qualification tests performed.
A class of second-order integrators and low-pass differentiators

A novel class of stable, minimum phase, second-order, low-pass IIR digital differentiators is developed. It is obtained by inverting the transfer functions of a class of second-order integrators, stabilizing the resulting transfer functions, and compensating their magnitudes. The class of second-order integrators is obtained by interpolating the traditional Simpson and trapezoidal integrators. The resulting integrators have a perfect -90/spl deg/ phase over the Nyquist interval and could better approximate the ideal magnitude response than either of the two traditional integrators. In addition to the above two integrators, the Tick integrator is also a member of the class. The resulting integrators and differentiators extend the frequency range of operation beyond that possible by using either of the two traditional integrators. The low order and high accuracy of the filters make them attractive for real time applications. >
Distinguishing Earth, Water, Fire, and Air: Factor Analysis to Determine the Four Fundamental Elements of State Capability

While some states can send men to the moon and back, others cannot even muster the effectiveness to maintain order. Understanding what produces these differences in the capabilities of states to deliver outcomes to their citizens is central to understanding why these outcomes differ across states. But what are the fundamental elements of state capability? This has not yet been investigated; though previous attempts have been made to understand what the most popular state capability index actually measures, these were made to determine its validity, not its fundamental elements. I empirically determine that there are four fundamental elements of a states capability to deliver outcomes for its citizens by using a rigorous application of factor analysis to four state capability indexes: Outcomes delivered by a state are represented by the “Effectiveness” by which states are able to implement their “Political Gumption” (their responsiveness and political resourcefulness to satisfy the demands of their citizens) in the face of pressures, represented by the “Absence of Internal Pressures” and “Popular Support and Absence of External Pressures. ” These elements represent the differences in the capabilities of states to deliver outcomes for its citizens, and consequently at least partially represent the differences in outcomes across states.
A compact four‐element diversity‐antenna array for PDA terminals in a MIMO system

A four‐element diversity‐antenna array using four dielectric‐loaded folded‐loop antennas in a personal digital assistant (PDA) terminal operating at 5.2 GHz for the multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) application is introduced. The S‐parameters and the radiation patterns of the antennas are assessed using a finite‐integration technique (FIT) simulation and experimental measurements. The diversity performance is also evaluated by calculating the envelope‐correlation coefficients and the mean effective gain (MEG) of the antennas. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 408–412, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20650