Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Financial Development and Intersectoral Investment: New Estimates and Evidence

Building on Wurgler [Wurgler, Jeffrey. "Financial Markets and the Allocation of Capital. " Journal of Financial Economics, January 2000, 58 (1), pp. 187-214], we construct country-level indicators on the sectoral responsiveness of investment to shifts in the production structure for 65 countries. We then use these indicators to examine whether intersectoral investment responsiveness is related to the size of capital markets. Our data yields strong support for the hypothesis that investment in expanding industries is greater in countries with larger capital markets. This continues to be the case when we focus on increases in capital market size due to lower government bank ownership, stricter insider-trading legislation, and more efficient legal systems. However, when we employ the general measure of investment responsiveness, proposed by Wurgler, rather than the new measure that isolates the intersectoral responsiveness, we find much weaker correlations. ––––––––––––– * European Central Bank, Financial Research Division, Postfach 160319, D-60066, Frankfurt, Germany. Email: elias.papaioannou@ecb.int. This paper had been originally circulated as "Investor’s Protection, Banking Characteristics, Financial Development and the Elasticity of Investment to Output: New Estimates and Evidence. " I thank Markus Baltzer and Marco Lo Duca for superb research assistantship and Philipp Hartmann for motivation and feedback. This paper could not have been written without Antonio Ciccone’s valuable input. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the European Central Bank or the Eurosystem. All remaining errors are my responsibility.
Load Carrying Capacity of High Strength Cold-Formed Steel Built-Up Box Sections

This paper presents an experimental study of the cold-formed steel built-up box sections in compression. The built-up box sections are formed by two identical simple C-lipped channels connected at their flanges with self-drilling screws. The specimens were compressed between fixed end conditions for stub columns and also for intermediate columns. The column test strengths were compared with the theoretical design strengths, which were calculated using the Effective Width Method (EWM) and also the Direct Strength Method (DSM). Three analytical models were proposed for the compressive strength prediction of the built-up box section. Results from the study show that Effective Width Method predicts the compressive strength of built-up box sections better than Direct Strength Method. Proposed analytical model 1 results for stub columns and model 2 results for intermediate columns correlates well with the experimental results.
Inorganic and Organic Compounds of Freshwater Filamentous Cyanobacteria under Normal and Salt Stress Conditions

The main aim of this work was to investigate the effects of salt stress conditions on the inorganic and organic compounds of extracts from six filamentous cyanobacteria: Arthospira platensis, Oscillatoria sp. , Oscillatoria salina, Tolypothrix sp. , Oscillatoria sp. SWU (Srinakharinwirot University)121 and Tolypothrix sp. SWU213. All cyanobacteria were cultures in BG (blue-green algae)11 medium: pH 7.5 at 35 oC for 30 days of sodium chloride in the culture medium presented 0-1.0 M. The cyanobacteria isolates grew well in BG11 medium, nevertheless, growth of the majority of isolates was reduced by about 50% in the same medium containing 0.5 M NaCl. The inorganic compounds such as, Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , NH4 + and NO3 - were determined. All ions were reduced when NaCl was increased and Na + showed highest amount in the medium followed with Mg 2+ , NH4 + , NO3 - and Ca 2+ in all cyanobacteria. The organic compounds such as, betaine, proline and total lipid were determined under normal and salt stress conditions. We found that all cyanobacteria increased interesting organic compound under salt stress condition at least two folds to compare with normal condition. This is the first finding indicated that freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria could grow under salt stresses by accumulation of some organic compounds as osmoprotectants such as betaine and amino acids, being the reduction related to the amount of inorganics compounds present in cultures.
Effect of sources, levels and methods of application of potassium on yield, quality and nutrients concentration in index leaves of groundnut

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2016 at the Main Agricultural Research Station, Farm, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The experiment was laid with twelve treatments replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. Pod yield in groundnut was not significantly influenced by different potassium nutrition treatments. However, split application of 150 per cent RDK, half as basal and half at 30 DAS through muriate of potash with 2 per cent foliar spray of potassium sulphate at 60 DAS recorded highest pod yield (3,617 kg ha) closely followed by basal application of 150 per cent RDK along with 2 per cent foliar spray of potassium sulphate (3,574 kg ha). Split application of 150 per cent RDK through MOP plus 2 per cent foliar spray of SOP at 60 DAS significantly enhanced the oil (47.84 %) and protein (37.98 %) contents in kernel with 6.07 and 6.89 per cent increase, respectively over control. Major nutrients concentration in the index leaves of groundnut did not vary significantly due to split application of potassium. Foliar application of potassium sulphate either at 1.0 or 2.0 per cent concentration significantly increased their concentration in the index leaves of groundnut. The pod yield and quality showed a significant positive correlation with the nutrient concentrations (N, P, K and S) in index leaves before and after foliar application of SOP.
Stochastic seismic wave interaction with a rock joint having Coulomb-slip behavior

Seismic wave interaction with a slippery rock joint with an arbitrary impinging angle is analytically studied based on the conservation of momentum on the wave fronts. Based on the displacement discontinuity method, the wave propagation equations are derived for incident P- and S-waves. By comparison, the calculated transmission and reflection coefficients for normal incident waves are the same as the existing results, which proves the wave propagation equation obtained in the paper is correct. The wave propagation derived in the context can be applied to incident waves with different waveforms. Stochastic seismic waves are then used to analyze the seismic wave interaction with the slippery rock joint, where the stochastic seismic waves are generated from frequency spectra. The parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effect of type, intensity and impinging angle of the incident seismic waves on the wave propagation across the slippery rock joint.
Theoretical analysis and simulation study of the deep overcompression mode of velocity bunching for a comblike electron bunch train

Premodulated comblike electron bunch trains are used in a wide range of research fields, such as for wakefield-based particle acceleration and tunable radiation sources. We propose an optimized compression scheme for bunch trains in which a traveling wave accelerator tube and a downstream drift segment are together used as a compressor. When the phase injected into the accelerator tube for the bunch train is set to ≪ −100°, velocity bunching occurs in a deep overcompression mode, which reverses the phase space and maintains a velocity difference within the injected beam, thereby giving rise to a compressed comblike electron bunch train after a few-meter-long drift segment; we call this the deep overcompression scheme. The main benefits of this scheme are the relatively large phase acceptance and the uniformity of compression for the bunch train. The comblike bunch train generated via this scheme is widely tunable: For the two-bunch case, the energy and time spacings can be continuously adjusted from þ1 to −1 MeV and from 13 to 3 ps, respectively, by varying the injected phase of the bunch train from −220° to −140°. Both theoretical analysis and beam dynamics simulations are presented to study the properties of the deep overcompression scheme.
Behavioural analysis of vehicle interactions at priority-controlled and right-hand priority intersections

This study analyzes interactions between two vehicles at right-hand priority intersections and priority-controlled intersections, which will help to gain a better insight in safety differences between both types of intersections. Data about yielding, looking behaviour, drivers’ age and gender, approaching behaviour, type of manoeuvre, order of arrival and communication between road users are collected by on-site observations. Logistic regression models are built to identify variables that affect the probability that a violation against the priority rules occurs, and the probability that a driver looks to the sides when entering the intersection. The number of right-of-way violations is significantly higher at the observed right-hand priority intersection (27% of all interactions) than at the priority-controlled intersection (8%). Furthermore, at the right-hand priority intersection the behaviour of drivers on the lower volume road is more cautious than the behaviour of drivers on the higher volume road, and violations are more likely when the driver from the lower volume road has priority, indicating that the higher volume road is considered as an implicit main road. At both intersection types, there is a higher probability of a right-of-way violation when the no-priority vehicle arrives first, indicating that yielding is partly a matter of “first come, first served”. For both intersections, the way a driver approaches the intersection (i.e., stopping, decelerating or holding the same speed) is highly relevant for the occurrence of a right-of-way violation and the probability that the driver looks to the sides on his approach to the intersection.
Towards analysis of a railway track model with Paradigm and mCRL2

We study a model of railway track with two switches. The problem is to avoid collisions of the two trains that are running on the track. The modelling is done with the coordination modelling language Paradigm. In the model, each switch has its own partition that solves the coordination problem for that switch. We investigate how the two coordination solutions can be combined. Analysis of the system is supported by the mCRL2 toolset. A Paradigm model can be translated into a mCRL2 process, the collaboration is reflected by proper synchronizations. Our investigation reveals in the superposition of coordination maintains consistency, but introduces deadlock. This is an instance of a general trade-off between coordination and processivity. We provide a specific solution and hint at an approach based on hierarchical Paradigm models.
Accounting and Economic Rates of Return: A Dynamic Econometric InvestigationAccounting and Economic Rates of Return: A Dynamic Econometric Investigation

Many studies have questioned empirical utilization of accounting data, as internal rates of return would be more consistent with the relevant economic concept. The paper investigates the dynamic relationships between different measures of accounting rates of return (ARRs) and an estimated internal rate of return (IRR). In contrast with the prevailing case-study investigations, we consider a panel for quoted Brazilian firms in the manufacturing industry for the 1988-3/2003-2 period. Granger causality tests are considered and the results indicate a bi-directional causality pattern when ROA (Net Profits/Total Assets) is considered as the accounting measure. This seems to indicate that there is some validity in using accounting rates of return in certain economic settings, especially when long time series are considered.
Segmented Polyurethane : A Polyether Polymer '

3,011,527 12/1961 Corbiere . 139/387 R 3,460,975 8/1969 Stebleton . 3/14 3,512, 83 5/970 Sharp et al. . 3/1.4 3,775,373 1/1973 Wolfe, Jr. . 528/301 3,784,520 1/1974 Hoeschele . 528/301 3,891,604 6/1975 Wolfe, Jr. . 528/301 4,031, 165 6/1977 Saiki et al. . 528/301 X 4,222,126 9/1980 Boretos et al. . 3/15
The value of outdoor learning: evidence from research in the UK and elsewhere

This article summarises the key findings of a review of the research into outdoor learning published between 1993 and 2003. It summarises what is known about the impacts of fieldwork and then discusses what is known about effective practice before concluding with a look at barriers to fieldwork. This article summarises the key findings of a review that critically examined 150 pieces of research on outdoor learning published between 1993 and 2003 (Rickinson et al. , 2004). The Field Studies Council and partner organisations commissioned the review in response to the growing concern that opportunities for outdoor learning by school students in England have decreased substantially in recent years (Harris, 1999; Barker, Slingsby and Tilling, 2002). We found substantial evidence to indicate that fieldwork, properly conceived, adequately planned, well taught and effectively followed up, offers learners opportunities to develop their knowledge and skills in ways that add value to their everyday experiences in the classroom. In this article we distil some of the review’s findings of particular relevance to secondary school teachers. We look first at the impacts of fieldwork and outdoor educational visits, and then discuss what is known about effective practice before concluding with a look at barriers to fieldwork. The impacts of fieldwork and outdoor educational visits
Foundations of Nonlinear Gyrokinetic Theory

Nonlinear gyrokinetic equations play a fundamental role in our understanding of the long-time behavior of strongly magnetized plasmas. The foundations of modern nonlinear gyrokinetic the- ory are based on three important pillars: (1) a gyrokinetic Vlasov equation written in terms of a gyrocenter Hamiltonian with quadratic low-frequency ponderomotive-like terms; (2) a set of gyrokinetic Maxwell (Poisson-Ampere) equations written in terms of the gyrocenter Vlasov dis- tribution that contain low-frequency polarization (Poisson) and magnetization (Ampere) terms derived from the quadratic nonlinearities in the gyrocenter Hamiltonian; and (3) an exact energy conservationlaw for the gyrokineticVlasov-Maxwell equations that includes all the relevant linear and nonlinear coupling terms. The foundations of nonlinear gyrokinetic theory are reviewed with an emphasis on the rigorous applications of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Lie-transform perturba- tion methods used in the variationalderivationof nonlineargyrokineticVlasov-Maxwell equations. The physical motivations and applications of the nonlinear gyrokinetic equations, which describe the turbulent evolution of low-frequency electromagnetic fluctuations in a nonuniform magnetized plasmas with arbitrary magnetic geometry, are also discussed.
Cyclic stochastic alternative network models for project management

Project implementation process modelling is the main active methodological body of the Project Management discipline [1]. The efficiency of decisions made and the whole functioning of the PM system is determined by the adequacy of models for real processes and their meeting the requirements of project management tasks and goals. The high degree of complexity and laboriousness of drawing up timing schedules for numerous activities performed by many project members using a great range of resources, strict requirements for the quality of plans, the need for regular control of their fulfilment and adjustment call for the proper methods of solving problems of such sophisticated nature. Today world market of Project Management Software[11] presents products with network models and methods of scheduling based on the researches of the end of 50thbeginning of 70th [2],[7] with very limited possibilities. At the same time the current mathematical methods of modelling project processes (classical network models [2], generalised [3, 4, 5], probabilistic [6] and stochastic [7] network models) do not always appear adequate to the complex reality of the modelled process. It should be noted that it refers to each method taken separately and to some combinations of these methods. This paper describes a new class of network models adequately reflecting the complex project realisation process that are used for stating and solving optimal management tasks for this project. This class of models is a synthesis of generalized network models (with their rich spectrum of means for equivalence conversion of models [12,13] and describing the different logical and time interrelations between of project activities) with probabilistic and stochastic models to a considerable extent taking into account factors of risk and uncertainty the implementation of a project involves. These models (further referred to as cyclic alternative network models – CANMs) are the flexible and adequate in the range of known tools for describing the process of managing and control over the development of a complex sophisticated project. CANMs offer all the advantages of generalised and stochastic models in comparison with traditional network models while at the same time involving just a slight complication of the language used for describing CANMs. A general description of CANM category models was given in a number of works [8
Improvement of Email and Twitter Classification Accuracy Based on Pre-processing Bayes Naive Classifier Optimization in Integrated Digital

This research focuses on improving the accuracy of email and twitter classification. Spelling mistakes and lack of matches with bag of word causes the low accuracy in classifying. This research used naïve Bayes as a text classification algorithm. Text is divided into three categories: personal, work and family. To achieve maximum likelihood value for the category, a better preprocessing techniques is needed. It is necessary for the process to normalize the preprocessing and search for words that correspond to classes in the bag of word. So that the text can be classified by category or has a higher precision accuracy. Keywords— Bayes Naïve Classifier, Pre-processing, Machine Learning
A Development of Home Mess-Cleanup Robot

In this paper, a Home Mess-Cleanup Robot(HMR), which has a practical function of the automatic mess-cleanup, is developed. The vacuum-cleaner had made the burden of house chore lighten but the operation labour of a vacuum-cleaner had been so severe. Recently, the cleaning robot was producted to perfectly solve the cleaning labour of a house but it also was not successful because it still had a problem of mess-cleaning, which was the clean-up of big trash and the arrangement of newspapers, clothes, etc. The cleaning robot is to just vacuum dust and small trash but has no function to arrange and take away before the automatic vacuum-cleaning. For this reason, the market for the cleaning robot is not yet built up. So, we need a design method and technological algorithm of new automatic machine to solve the problem of mess-cleanup in house. It needs functions of agile automatic navigation, novel manipulation system for mess-cleanup. The automatic navigation system has to be controlled for the full scanning of living room, to recognize the absolute position and orientation of the self, the precise tracking of the desired path, and to distinguish the mess object to clean-up from obstacle object to just avoid. The manipulator, which is not needed in the vacuum-cleaning robot, must have the functions, how to distinguish big trash to clean from mess objects to arrange, how to grasp in according to the form of mess objects, how to move to the destination in according to mess objects and arrange them. We use the RFID system to solve the problems in this paper and propose the reading algorithm of RFID tags installed in indoor objects and environments. Then, it should be an intelligent system so that the mess cleaning task can be autonomously performed in a wide variety of situations and environments. It needs to also has the entertainment functions for the good communication between the human and HMR. Finally, the good performance of the designed HMR is confirmed through the results of the mess clean-up and arrangement.
PLANNING AND ANALYZING TRANSIT NETWORKS: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH REGARDING REQUIREMENTS OF PASSENGERS AND OPERATORS

Providing an equally sufficient and efficient transit service requires careful planning and permanent monitoring of service quality, operating costs, and revenues. These requirements need a model that is capable of determining impacts on passengers as well as operators. Additionally, it is important to provide suitable and powerful methods to design and to modify the transit network. The planning software VISUM attempts to fulfill these requirements. In contrast to conventional Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which are extended to provide specific functionality for transit planning, VISUM is a comprehensive transportation model with additional GIS functionality. It seeks to fill the gap between conventional GIS programs and vehicle scheduling programs.
Quality Determinants and Customer Satisfaction in Consulting Service for Small and Medium Sized Company

This paper investigates the quality determinants in the consulting service for small and medium sized company. The results of the analysis show that the quality dimension is composed of two factors, consulting skills and interaction, and consulting skills are composed of understanding, expertise, and reliability. Also, this paper examines how the quality factors affect customer satisfaction and loyalty using a structural equation model. The result shows that all consulting skills affect customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction affects customer loyalty. The consulting results have an effect on customer satisfaction but have no direct influence on customer loyalty.
THE DETERMINANTS OF FDI FLOWS IN OIC COUNTRIES

The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of foreign direct invest-ment (FDI) in OIC countries. In order to undertake it, we perform an econometric model based on panel data analysis for OIC countries, consisting of 16 Asian OIC countries and 18 African OIC for the 1980-2000 periods. Some estimated coefficients have the expected signs and are statically significant, such as market size and openness. The estimated negative sign on the variables exchange rate capturers the effect alters the price for acquiring assets in the OIC countries. In this case of OIC countries exchange rate also depict that the exchange rate regime is by no mean neutral to FDI. Furthermore, the variables consumption prices index (CPI) positive by effect FDI for African and all OIC countries. The government consumption of OIC countries was not significant suggesting that such factor does not play a role in at-tracting foreign investment. Finally, the more open economies in OIC countries were more attractive to foreign capital flows, as expected. Keyword: FDI, OIC, openness, panel data
Microcrystalline silicon thin films studied by atomic force microscopy with electrical current detection

Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) layers with thickness from 100 to 540 nm were prepared in situ by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The growth of μc-Si:H on various substrates [NiCr, device quality, and laser annealed amorphous silicon (a-Si:H)] was studied in ultrahigh vacuum by atomic force microscope using a conductive cantilever which enabled simultaneous measurement of morphology and local current with lateral resolution below 5 nm. The effect of barriers, voltage, and time on contrast in local current map is discussed in detail. Coexistent amorphous and microcrystalline regions are clearly identified due to their different conductivity. Laser annealing of the a-Si:H substrate significantly increases the crystalline fraction at the same layer thickness. Grains as small as 10–30 nm separated by less conductive grain boundaries were revealed in microcrystalline regions.