Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Chip Cooling Using Electrowetting on Coplanar Control Electrodes

As a result of the increasing speed, expanding functionality, and decreasing size of microprocessors and integrated chips, heat dissipation power density has been rapidly growing over the past two decades. Advanced cooling techniques to meet this rising demand are crucial. Recently, electrowetting transport of liquid droplets has drawn significant interest in thermal management because of its digital programmable and reconfigurable characteristics. With a two-dimensional array of control electrodes patterned on a surface, cooling droplets can be transported along a programmable path to a hot spot without the need for mechanical moving parts. For adaptive cooling of electronic devices using electrowetting, we designed novel coplanar control electrodes, in which the electrode units were used interchangeably as the activating and the ground electrodes. In this article, we report electrowetting actuation of liquid droplets along specially designed control electrodes in an open-plate configuration. At the chip level, one water droplet of ∼14 μL transmitted by our actuation mechanism can rapidly cool down a hot spot of 27 W/cm2 by as much as 30°C. Furthermore, in a parallel-plate configuration with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown on the cover plate, our test results indicate that multiscale roughness can lead to superhydrophobicity and electrowetting transport over the superhydrophobic surface can reduce the pressure loss significantly.
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf polysaccharide ameliorates insulin resistance‐ and adipose deposition‐associated gut microbiota and lipid metabolites in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice

Abstract Dietary supplements are currently being used to ameliorate metabolic alterations via maintaining gut microflora balance. Mulberry leaf is known as medicine homologous food for its glucose‐ and lipid‐modulating properties. However, the effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MP) on metabolic dysbiosis and gut microbiota are still poorly understood. After extraction and characterization, the beneficial effects of water‐soluble MP were evaluated in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. MP treatment could reduce adipose tissue, improve insulin resistance, and alleviate the pathological lesions in colon. Investigation of the underlying mechanism showed that MP modulated gut microbial community by 16S rRNA analysis and reversed the elevation of lipid indexes by plasma lipidomics analysis. Correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of seven key bacterial species and six lipids were closely associated with the metabolic traits, respectively. Overall, MP could ameliorate metabolic disorders, and modify the gut microbiota and lipids. This would greatly facilitate the utilization of MP as a functional food.
Numerical and Experimental Study on a Model Draft Tube with Vortex Generators

A model water turbine draft tube containing vortex generators (VG) was studied. Numerical simulations were performed to investigate 55 design variations of the vortex generators in a draft tube. After analyzing the shapes of streamlines and velocity distributions in the tube and comparing static pressure recovery coefficients (SPRC) in different design variations, an optimum vortex generator layout, which can raise SPRC of the draft tube by 4.8 percent, was found. To verify the effectiveness of the vortex generator application, a series of experiments were carried out. The results show that by choosing optimal vortex generator parameters, such as the installation type, installation position, blade-to-blade distance, and blade inclination angle, the draft tube equipped vortex generators can effectively raise their SPRC andworking stability.
Perakendecilikte drone ile ürün teslimatının tüketicilerin davranışsal niyetlerine etkisi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, perakendecilikte drone ile ürün teslimatının tüketicilerin davranışsal niyetleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Online anket ve deney yöntemi kullanılarak katılımcılardan toplanan 404 veri için istatistiksel analizler yapılmıştır. Tek örneklem t-testi sonuçlarına göre; drone ile ürün teslimatı, tüketicilerin drone'ları alışveriş için kullanma davranışsal niyetleri üzerinde olumlu ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahiptir. Bağımsız örneklemler t-testi sonuçlarına göre; erkek ve kadınlar arasında ve tek yönlü varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre; X, Y ve Z jenerasyonları arasında tüketicilerin drone'ları alışveriş için kullanma davranışsal niyetlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık yoktur. Basit doğrusal regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre; algılanan yenilikçilik, hızın göreceli avantajı, fonksiyonel motivasyon, hedonik motivasyon, algılanan güven ve problem farkındalığı drone kullanmaya yönelik tutum üzerinde olumlu ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahiptir. Ancak algılanan riskin drone kullanmaya yönelik tutum üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi anlamlı değildir. Öte yandan drone kullanmaya yönelik tutumun drone kullanma niyeti üzerinde olumlu ve anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, tüketicilerin perakendecilikte drone ile ürün teslimat hizmetlerini kullanma konusundaki davranışsal niyetlerini başarılı bir şekilde açıklamaktadır.
TaEXPB5 is responsible for male fertility in thermo-sensitive male-sterility wheat with Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm

Thermo-sensitive male sterility is of vital importance to heterosis, or hybrid vigor in crop production and hybrid breeding. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the function of the genes related to pollen development and male sterility, which is still not fully understand currently. Here, we conducted comparative analyses to screen fertility related genes using RNA-seq, iTRAQ, and PRM-based assay. A gene encoding expansin protein in wheat, TaEXPB5, was isolated in KTM3315A, which was in the cell wall and preferentially upregulated expression in the fertility anthers. The silencing of TaEXPB5 displayed pollen abortion, the declination or sterility of fertility. Further, cytological investigation indicated that the silencing of TaEXPB5 induced the early degradation of tapetum and abnormal development of pollen wall. These results revealed that the silencing of TaEXPB5 could eliminate the effects of temperature on male fertility, and resulting in functional loss of fertility conversion, which implied that TaEXPB5 may be essential for anther or pollen development and male fertility of KTM3315A. These findings provide a novel insight into molecular mechanism of fertility conversion for thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male-sterility wheat, and contribute to the molecular breeding of hybrid wheat in the future. Highlight TaEXPB5 coffers to anther or pollen development and male fertility in KTM3315A, its silencing could eliminate the effects of temperature on male fertility, and resulting in functional loss of fertility conversion.
Effect of oxidizing thermal modification on the chemical properties and thermal conductivity of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) wood

ABSTRACT This research work aims to investigate the effects of thermal modification and wood cutting direction (transverse, radial and tangential) on the content of extractives, lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses, and on the thermal conductivity of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) wood. Samples were thermally modified for 3, 6, and 9 h at temperatures of 160°C, 180°C, and 200°C in the oxidizing atmosphere with natural convection. The extractives, lignin, cellulose, and holocellulose contents were determined by wet chemistry methods, the structural changes were evaluated by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The highest relative content of extractives was determined at the temperature of 200°C and a thermal modification duration of 9 h. The lignin content decreased at the temperature of 160°C and increased at higher temperatures due to the formation of pseudo-lignin. The cellulose content increased, and hemicellulose content decreased with the increased temperature and thermal modification duration. FTIR analyses revealed changes mainly at the temperature of 200°C, primarily a decrease in the intensities of the characteristic absorption bands of lignin due to degradation reactions. Markedly, density and thermal conductivity decreased mostly due to depolymerization of hemicelluloses. Regarding the thermal conductivity, a slightly higher decrease in transversal and tangential sections was determined.
Alternative moisture sensitivity test

This study examines recently proposed test method called the Moisture Induced Stress Tester (MiST). The primary objective of this test method is to identify stripping potential in asphalt materials. In the course of presented study, the MiST testing was performed on the hotmix asphalt (HMA) field samples from six Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) test sections in the US as well as on the field- and laboratory-compacted warm-mix asphalt (WMA) samples produced in a drum plant. Wearing surface cores from the LTPP test sections were evaluated in the MiST, and water samples before and after the test were analyzed using Infrared (IR) spectrometry. The warm-mix specimens were MiST conditioned and compared to the traditional Tensile Strength Ratio tests (AASHTO T283) as well as their bulk specific gravities were measured before and after the treatment. The results showed comparable results between MiST conditioning and the T283 for the HMA samples but similar comparison was not valid for the tested WMA specimens. Furthermore, the IR analysis identified significant peaks related to the asphalt presence at various concentrations in the water after testing, however additional data is needed in order to formulate more general conclusions from the observed trends.
Evaluating ARIMA-Neural Network Hybrid Model Performance in Forecasting Stationary Timeseries

Demand prediction is one of most sophisticated steps in planning and investments. Although many studies are conducted to find the appropriate forecasting models, dynamic nature of forecasted parameters and their effecting factors are apparent evidences for continuous researches. ARIMA, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and ARIMA-ANN hybrid model are well-known forecasting models. Many researchers concluded that the Hybrid model is the predominant forecasting model in comparison with ARIMA and ANN individual models. Most of these researches are based on non-stationary or seasonal timeseries, whereas in this article, hybrid models forecast ability by stationary time series is studied. Some following demand time steps from a paint manufacturing company are forecasted by all previously mentioned models and ARIMA-ANN hybrid model fails to present the best forecasts.
Analysis of the External and Internal Load in 5vs5 Large Sided Games: Differences Between Different Sized Fields

The study purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze and understand the internal and external load in Large Sided Games (LSG) exercises carried out on fields of different sizes, defined as Small – Large Sided Games (SLSG) and Big – Large Sided Games (BLSG), according to the different square meters assigned to each player. Materials and methods. 22 professional soccer players (average age: 23.59 ± 4.87 years, weight: 77.8 ± 7.6 kg, height: 183.5 ± 7.5 cm, age training: 13.1 ± 1.7). The LSG exercises were carried out on a 60 x 54 m field (270 m2/player), defined as "small" (SLSG) and on a 65 x 60 m field (325 m2/player) defined as "big" (BLSG). During the two LSG exercises, the internal load and the external load were analyzed. LSG exercises were performed with 4 sets of 5 minutes each, with 2 minutes of passive recovery between each set. Results. The results of the internal load analysis show how the LSG carried out on a SLSG field provides higher and more significant HR values (p < 0.0005) than those emerged during the exercise carried out on a BLSG field. The RPE value is also higher during the SLSG, although statistically no significant difference appears. The analysis of the external load in relation with the observed parameters shows higher values in the BLSG, except for the number of accelerations. Conclusions. In terms of external and internal load, the results of this study showed how the difference of 55 m2/player can radically change the configuration of the two exercises. These differences allow to use both dimensions within a micro-cycle, but in sessions with different goals. The most appropriate sessions for LSGs are the first post-match session in which the rest day is not gone and the fourth session 3 days before the match.
Interaction of Lamb waves with geometric discontinuities: An analytical approach compared with FEM

The non-destructive testing of materials can be conducted by various techniques. Amongst these, method based on ultrasonic waves is one of the most common one. Of these ultrasonic waves Lamb waves are of particular interest for the inspection of large structures for various reasons. Scattering of Lamb waves from flaws has generated a considerable amount of research over last couple of decades. Most of the work has been done using computational tools like Finite Element Methods and experimental technique. In this paper an analytical approach is presented to develop a fundamental understanding of the scattering of Lamb waves from geometric discontinuities in 2 dimensions. We have considered simplest of all geometric discontinuity – a step, as this fundamental understanding can easily be extended to corrosion or crack.
Morphophysiological characterization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes prevailing in the core area of Punjab, Pakistan

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops and the fourth most important edible crop after the three major cereal crops. It is considered as an approximately complete diet food because of its nutritional value. Its center of origin is Peru, South America. In Punjab, Pakistan, the districts of Sahiwal and Okara serve as the core areas of potato cultivation. Thirty-three potato genotypes were collected from the core areas of Punjab for characterization. The genetic diversity of potato germplasm was assessed on the basis of morphophysiological traits. This experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design and three replications. The data on 14 morphological and physiological traits were recorded. Analysis of variance indicated the presence of highly significant variation for each physiological and morphological trait. Correlation analysis showed that plant yield was highly correlated with the number of tubers per plant (0.484), tuber weight (0.648), and chlorophyll contents (0.365). By contrast, tuber dry matter exhibited a significant highly negative association with tuber moisture content (−0.753). Algorithmic hierarchical cluster analysis allocated the genotypes into four distinct clusters. Cluster 2, which was the largest cluster, comprised 18 genotypes. By contrast, cluster 4 was the smallest cluster and contained only two genotypes. The results of diversity analysis obtained through hierarchical clustering were further validated through principal component analysis (PCA). PCA provided five significant principal components that contributed 72.39% of the total variation. The principal components of the biplot explained 41.95% of the total variation, with tuber moisture content and tuber dry matter as distinct traits. Cultivars ‘SH-5’, ‘SH 7-18’, ‘Simply Red,’ and ‘Ruby’ were the vertex genotypes in the biplot. Results indicated the prevalence of significant variation in the tested germplasm. Furthermore, the assessment of diversity at the molecular level is recommended for the further validation of genetic diversity.
Comparative studies of thermal, oxidative and low temperature properties of waste cooking oil and castor oil

This study compares the thermo-oxidative stability and cold flow properties of waste cooking oil (WCO) and castor oil (CO) as inexhaustible potential raw materials to replace the conventional diesel fuels. The thermo-oxidative stability and high viscosity are the limitations of the vegetable oils to use directly as fuel in diesel engines. Therefore, proper investigation on these physical properties of WCO and CO could help to develop high energy efficient biofuels which could act as an alternative to fossil fuels. This study proposes modern and advanced analytical techniques, i.e., thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) which consumes less time, energy, and requires less quantity of sample to evaluate aforementioned physical properties. For comparison purpose, properties were also found out using conventional ASTM standard methods. Obtained results by TGA and DSC were very much close to the conventional standard methods. WCO used in this study was found to be thermally .
Thermal characterization of a liquid cooled AlSiC base plate with integral pin fins

In this study, we present the thermal analysis and experimental performance assessment of an aluminum silicon carbide (AlSiC) metal matrix composite (MMC) base plate with integral cooling fins. By attaching a pin-finned base plate to an open-chambered flow-through heat sink, the mechanical interface between the base plate and cooling medium is eliminated. This reduces the overall thermal resistance and improves module reliability as compared with traditional base plate cooling schemes. Computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer techniques were employed to model the thermal and hydrodynamic resistance characteristics through the pin fin structure of a prototype base plate design. A unit-cell approach was employed to avoid the computational expense of modeling the entire pin array. Performance was verified experimentally in a closed loop test facility using water as the cooling fluid. It was found that the unit-cell approach produced good agreement with experimental pressure drop and heat transfer results.
Transmissive properties of Medieval and Renaissance stained glass in European churches

Medieval stained glass is often described by how its clarity contributes to the lightness or darkness of a sacred interior. Using high dynamic range (HDR) imagery (a low-budget, time-efficient means of photographic data collection) to estimate luminances (or per-pixel brightnesses), the relative transmissivities of adjacent panels of glass are obtained for the first time in a variety of medieval churches in western Europe. In order to carry out a comparison between different interiors, red glass was assumed to have a fixed average transmissivity, based on data that suggest that the glazing transmission of red panes is relatively constant. This red standard was then applied over a large database of images collected from different churches to provide a quantitative index of stained glass light transmission. The results indicate that the use of brighter colours during the 12th century admitted more light compared to 13th-century glass. Furthermore, the more translucent glasses of the 15th and 16th centuries appear to have increased light transmission into the interior by as much as an order of magnitude. The resulting change in indoor illumination significantly altered the human visual perception of the sacred interior as glazing preferences evolved over the course of the late Middle Ages.
Investigation of hazardous chemicals exposure on some liver function enzymes using serum and saliva of Iraqi's students

To investigate the potential relevance between health problems and working environment conditions in chemical labs, liver enzymes were examined in both sera and saliva of student volunteers, during the last 15 days of September at which they probably exposed to various chemicals over three months in the Iraqi Chemistry Department. The results showed that there was no significant difference in serum activity for both AST and ALP, however, a significant increase in serum ALT level of Z = -2.355 (p < 0.019), before (median = 4.2 U/l) to after (median = 6.8 U/l) was noticed. Furthermore, the values obtained from salivary AST, ALT and ALP showed highly significant increase of Z= -3.045 (p < 0.002; the median increased from 15 U/l to 31 U/l), Z= -2.512 (p < 0.012; the median increased from 2.7 U/l to 5.0 U/l) and Z=-2.982 (p < 0.003; the median increased from 8.51 Global Proceedings Repository American Research Foundation
The Other Trypanosome: A Proton NMR Approach to the Culture and Extracellular Metabolomics of Trypanosoma congolense

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A systematic review protocol of quantitative instruments of income inequality in studies of children and adolescents [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Background: Income inequality is an important indicator of socioeconomic position which is a determinant of social, psychological, and physical health outcomes from childhood to adulthood. Different income inequality instruments (metrics) are used to investigate associations between income inequality and health outcomes (e.g. Gini coefficient, Theil Index). Income inequality instruments provide unique information on the construct of socioeconomic inequality. Albeit there is variation in studies as to the type and rationale for using a particular quantitative instrument of income inequality. The aim of this systematic review will investigate and identify the most used quantitative income inequality instrument in studies of children and adolescents Methods: The PRISMA-P framework will be applied to identify high quality articles (PROSPERO: CRD42021259114). A search will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO. The search will include studies concerned with income inequality and/or socioeconomic inequality in children and adolescents. All articles will be independently reviewed, data extracted, and quality appraised by two reviewers and a third to arbitrate disputes. Articles will be initially reviewed by title and abstract using inclusion criteria. A data extraction form will be used. Three questions will be answered on the quality of the rationale for using a particular income inequality instrument and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to assess bias and quality. The primary outcome of interest is the type and frequency of quantitative income inequality instrument used and the study outcome associated with that income inequality instrument. Conclusions: This systematic review will aim to explore and provide a summary of the different types of quantitative income inequality instruments used in studies of child and adolescent populations. This will help to guide researchers and policy makers on the inclusion and Open Peer Review Reviewer Status AWAITING PEER REVIEW Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article. HRB Open Research Page 1 of 7 HRB Open Research 2021, 4:132 Last updated: 24 DEC 2021