Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical Interferometric Inspection of Surface Contour of MEMS-Components

In this paper, we describe an optical interferometer applied to 3D inspection of microcomponents. The resulting interference fringes that are related to the deformation and surface contour of MEMS-components are analyzed by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and 3-step phaseshifting algorithms. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed method for 3D deformation and surface contour measurement of micro-components.
A High Directivity Microstrip Coupler Technique

Typically loosely coupled backward wave microstrip couplers have directivities which decrease with increasing frequency. High directivity becomes more difficult to obtain as the coupling is loosened. The problem appears to be that the propagating velocities of the odd and even modes are not equal. This paper deals with a technique which equalizes these velocities up to an arbitrarily high frequency.
B-Corr Model for Bot Group Activity Detection Based on Network Flows Traffic Analysis

Botnet is a type of dangerous malware. Botnet attack with a collection of bots attacking a similar target and activity pattern is called bot group activities. The detection of bot group activities using intrusion detection models can only detect single bot activities but cannot detect bots' behavioral relation on bot group attack. Detection of bot group activities could help network administrators isolate an activity or access a bot group attacks and determine the relations between bots that can measure the correlation. This paper proposed a new model to measure the similarity between bot activities using the intersections-probability concept to define bot group activities called as B-Corr Model. The B-Corr model consisted of several stages, such as extraction feature from bot activity flows, measurement of intersections between bots, and similarity value production. B-Corr model categorizes similar bots with a similar target to specify bot group activities. To achieve a more comprehensive view, the B-Corr model visualizes the similarity values between bots in the form of a similar bot graph. Furthermore, extensive experiments have been conducted using real botnet datasets with high detection accuracy in various scenarios.
De novo assembly of Amorpha fruticosa (Amorpha fruticosa L.) transcriptome in response to drought stress provides insight into the tolerance mechanisms

Background Amorpha fruticosa (Amorpha fruticosa L.) is a deciduous shrub that is native to North America and has been introduced to China as an ornamental plant.In order to cultivate drought-tolerant Amorpha fruticosa varieties, it is important to understand the drought-tolerant mechanism of Amorpha fruticosa. Through the changes of the transcriptome of Amorpha fruticosa under drought stress, the mechanism of anti-stress of Amorpha fruticosa could be revealed. Different concentrations of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) was used to simulate drought stress, and transcriptomic analysis was used to reveal the changes of gene expression patterns in Amorpha fruticosa seedlings.Results Results showed that Amorpha fruticosa seedlings were seriously affected by PEG-6000. As for the differently expressed genes (DEGs), most of them were up-regulated. The additional Go and KEGG analysis results showed that DEGs were functionally enriched in cell wall, signal transduction and hormonal regulation related pathways. DEGs like AfSOD, AfHSP, AfTGA, AfbZIP and AfGRX play roles in response to drought stress.Conclusion In conclusion, Amorpha fruticosa seedlings were sensitive to drought, which was different from Amorpha fruticosa tree, and the genes functions in drought stress responses via ABA‐independent pathways. The up-regulation of Salicylic acid signal related DEGs (AfTGA and AfPR-1) indicated that Amorpha fruticosa can resist drought stress through Salicylic acid.
Commercial Computer-Aided Design Software Optimises DRO Circuit Design

Since DRO design can be both time consuming and costly, CAD techniques may appear to be an obvious solution. In this paper we investigate to see whether the oscillator performance is compromised. The (design is done on a personal computer using the EEsof Touchstone package. Touchstone allows the analysis to be performed in terms of the physical models and structures. It supports two powerful routines for optimisation and tuning. The optimisation facility will, automatically adjust circuit parameter to meet specified circuit characteristics. The tuning facility allows the user to interactively alter or tune individual circuit components to achieve a partxular response.
Experimental Demonstration of 1200V SiC-SBDs with Lower Forward Voltage Drop at High Temperature

The 1200V class silicon carbide Schottky barrier diodes were designed and fabricated. The drift layer resistance was reduced in order to realize low forward voltage drops. Since the low drift layer resistance led to the low breakdown voltage, the avalanche withstanding capability should be enhanced not to cause the destructive breakdown. By means of the optimized device design, we succeeded to realize the low forward voltage drop while maintaining the high avalanche withstanding capability. The forward voltage drops at 200A/cm2 were 1.35V at 25°C and 1.63V at 175°C, respectively. The avalanche withstanding capability was more than 3500mJ/cm2 at 25°C. By substituting SiC-SBDs for Si-pin diodes, the estimated total power loss of the module comprised by Si-IGBTs and the diodes was reduced by 35%. We could also confirm that no failures happened after long term reliability tests.
Retinoid X Receptor

Human nuclear Retinoid X Receptors RXRA, RXRB, and RXRG (NR2/RXR Family) are transcriptional regulators composed of N-terminal modulating domain, DNA-binding domain (AGGT CA response elements), and C-terminal 9-cis RA-binding domain. RXR homodimers and RXR/RAR heterodimers mediate distinct retinoic acid response pathways. RXRs also interact with T Hand vitamin D receptors, and with NCOA3, NCOA6, PML, and PPARG coactivators; and mediate RA biological effects by binding to specific target gene promoters and inducing target gene transcription. RXRs/LXRs and RXRs/FXR may mediate cholesterol homeostasis, by governing cholesterol transport from peripheral cells, inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, and repressing bile acid synthesis through upregulation of ABC1 and repression of CYP7A1 expression. (NCI) Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020
Rough set theory for data mining for fault diagnosis on distribution feeder

Distribution feeder faults cause power outages, therefore it is crucial to diagnose and thus locate the fault quickly to reduce the duration of the outage. In practice, feeder patrols usually identify the fault locations by referencing the regional distribution of the calls reporting trouble, the abnormal observations of the feeders that have been reported in the calls, and the observed conditions in the surrounding environments. Feeder patrols in Taiwan have recorded each fault on a table that includes time, date, month, year, address, equipment at fault, causes or accidents, and etc. The database has accumulated a large base of information for many years. This study aims to use rough set theory as a data-mining tool to derive useful patterns and rules for distribution feeder faulty equipment diagnosis and fault location. In particular, the historical data of distribution feeder faults of Taiwan Power Company was used for validation and the results show the practical viability of the proposed approach.
Thermal-Structural Modeling and Temperature Control of Roller Compacted Concrete Gravity Dam

A coupled thermal-structural analysis is carried out using both a two- and a three-dimensional finite-element method. The computer program ANSYS is used and simulates the construction process of a roller compacted concrete ~RCC! dam. Thermally induced stresses are computed for the 60 m high RCC Tannur Dam in Jordan. The actual temperature distribution in the body of the dam measured by thermocouples is compared with that obtained by ANSYS; generally, a good agreement is obtained. The study demonstrates that detailed thermal stress analysis should be performed for large RCC dams to provide a basis to minimize and control the occurrence of thermal cracking.
The Microbial Diversity Analysis of Constructed Wetland Wastewater Treatment in Village

This paper uses the method of 16SrRNA to analyze the microbial diversity in wetland wastewater treatment of Wuhan galaxy ecological agriculture Co., LTD . Using the method of 16SrRNA, we can get the molecular identification of the strain from screening , determine the 16SrRNA gene sequence and analyzes the homology of the corresponding sequence of related bacteria. The result shows that 32 strains are Bacillus subtilis, two strains are Bacillus licheniformis, six strains are Staptococcus cohnii, one strain is Staphylococcus epidermidis, one strain is Pseudomonas synxantha, and one strain is People umber bacillus in the first wetland. 36 strains are Bacillus subtilis, three strains are Bacillus licheniformis, one strains are Staptococcus cohnii, one strain is Proteus mirabilis, and two strain Staphylococcus epidermidis are the second wetland. The main strain in the two-stage wetland both are Bacillus subtilis.
Representation of hysteresis in three-phase transformer models for electromagnetic transients

An efficient algorithm for the implementation of hysteresis effect in three phase transformer models for electromagnetic transient studies is presented. It is based on a simplification of the well-known Preisach model requiring few data, easily available, while it provides results close to the experimental ones. The model is validated by comparing measured and calculated results obtained from tests on a magnetic material used for the construction of transformer cores and a laboratory three-phase transformer.
A Time‐Dependent Two‐Dimensional Model Simulation of Lower Ionospheric Variations Under Intense SAID

The subauroral ion drift (SAID) denotes a latitudinally narrow channel of fast westward ion drift in the subauroral region, often observed during geomagnetically disturbed intervals. The recently recognized subauroral optical phenomena, the Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) and the Picket Fence, are both related to intense SAIDs. In this study, we present a 2D time‐dependent model simulation of the self‐consistent variations of the electron/ion temperature, density, and FAC, under strong SAID, with more focus in the lower ionosphere. The anomalous electron heating in the E‐region is evaluated using an empirical model. Our simulation reproduces many key features of SAID, such as the strong electron temperature enhancement in the upper F‐region, the intense ion frictional heating, and the plasma density depletion. Most importantly, the ion Pedersen drifts is found to play a crucial role in the density variations and FAC dynamics in the lower ionosphere. The transport effect of ion Pedersen drifts leads to strong density depletion in the lower ionosphere in a large portion of SAID. The FAC inside SAID is mainly downward with magnitude ≤ ∼1 μA/m2. At the poleward edge of SAID, the ion Pedersen drift leads to a pileup of the plasma density and an upward FAC. Our simulation results also corroborate the presence of strong gradients of plasma density, temperature, and flows, at the edge of SAID, which may be conducive to certain plasma instabilities. Our model provides a useful tool for the future exploration of the generation mechanisms of STEVE and Picket Fence.
Probabilistic Optimal Power Flow Analysis with Undetermined Loads

AbstractThe load in power system usually can be fluctuated, sometimes awfully, due to sudden disturbance, measuring and forecasting error, or even its inherent nature. Therefore, the conventional deterministic generation dispatch problems are not enough to operate power system. To deal with such uncertainties, Gaussian distribution is adopted and then probabilistic optimal power flow (OPF) problem is formulated in this paper. Some case studies are presented for the simulation assumed that load is not deterministic anymore. The results of the case studies present how the undetermined loads affect generation cost.
Determination of Dichlorvos in Pears by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) with Catalysis by Platinum Coated Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor is reported for the determination of dichlorvos, an organophosphate pesticide (OP), in pears. Platinum coated gold nanoparticles (Au@PtNPs) were used as secondary catalysts to provide signal amplification. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) catalyzed the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine to form thiocholine. Thiocholine causes the accumulation of Au@PtNPs, which changes the particle size and prevents their peroxidase-mimicking activity. Dynamic light scattering was used to characterize the particle size. Following the addition of dichlorvos, the AChE activity was inhibited, the production of thiocholine and aggregation were reduced, and the peroxidase mimicing property was retained. In the presence of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), a blue product was produced that provided strong SERS signals. The SERS method showed a linear relationship for dichlorvos concentrations from 20 to 2000 µg/L. The developed protocol had a limit of detection of 20 µg/L. This SERS sensor assay was successfully applied for the quantification of dichlorvos in pears with satisfactory recoveries from 80.25 to 94.86%.
Automotive Ecosystem in Malaysia – A Conceptual Model to Explain Vehicle Ownership and Car Maintenance Issues

As a government agency focusing on road safety research, MIROS has regularly involved in policy-making exercises which blend together the great understanding of technical, legislative and social framework. This paper recapped the development of a conceptual model of the Malaysian automotive ecosystem with special reference to car maintenance issues, particularly with regard to one of the NAP measures Gradual phase out of imported used parts and components. The methodology of the study was designed into two focus group discussions (FGD) and extensive literature reviews. Internal FGDs were conducted as the study precursor and external discussions involved other ministries and agencies reps. Extensive literature reviews include journals, proceedings, unpublished reports, as well as web-based sources. A conceptual model of the domestic automotive ecosystem is proposed in this paper together with the discussion on NAP measures and relevant future research within the models framework.
Performance Measures in Canadian Capacity Guide for Signalized Intersections

The set of performance measures included in the second edition of the Canadian Capacity Guide for Signalized Intersections, an updated, enhanced, and significantly expanded version of a Canadian traffic engineering document, is described. Because some of these measures represent new research applications and have not been published elsewhere, the objectives here are threefold; (a) to share the results with the broader technical public, (b) to present them for an international discussion, and (c) to contribute to the ongoing debate on evaluation of the performance of signalized intersections, often the most critical elements of urban networks. The second edition presents a set of traditional, modified, and new analytical tools as well as a set of up-to-date numerical parameters for Canadian conditions, which make it possible to analyze specific problems and to assess the benefits and disadvantages of alternative solutions. The number of measures of effectiveness has been substantially increased compared with the first edition. In addition to the traditional types of delay, there are two new key performance measures: total person delay and delay to pedestrians. These are essential prerequisites for equitable treatment of all modes of transportation, especially public transit. Other performance measures, such as several types of queues, probability of cycle overload, number of stops, fuel consumption, and pollutant emissions, provide the user with a comprehensive account of intersection operation. Some of these measures are also useful as input to economic and environmental analyses. In addition, the results of the procedures may provide vital information for transportation demand modeling and forecasting.
An evaluation of the service quality priorities of air cargo service providers and customers

This paper analyses the differences between the service quality priorities of air cargo service providers and customers. After having identified what constitutes the decisive factors when it comes to air cargo service quality, research was carried out on the differences between the service quality priorities of air cargo service providers and customers. The clear differences between the service quality priorities of Korean air cargo providers and those of air cargo providers from other countries which our paper uncovered make it clear that these two groups should be treated as separate research subjects.
Sleep staging with deep structured neural net using Gabor layer and data augmentation

: Slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) are two of the most important sleep stages that are considered in many studies. Detection of these two sleep stages will help researchers in many applications to detect sleep-related diseases and disorders and also in many fields of neuroscience studies such as cognitive impairment and memory consolidation. Since manual sleep staging is time-consuming, subjective, and expensive; designing an eﬀicient automatic sleep scoring system will overcome some of these diﬀiculties. Many studies have proposed automatic sleep staging systems with different methods. In recent years, deep learning methods show their potential in different applications. In this study, we propose SWS and REM detection system by using a deep neural network. In the proposed system we use a kernel-based layer to get the system closer to the manual scoring approach. Also, we use a new method for augmenting EEG signals to prevent overfitting the network. The results show the eﬀiciency of the designed system in SWS and REM detection.
Solar filter for the Mars laser communication demonstration optical receiver

To maximize the cost-effectiveness of the Mars Laser Communication Demonstration (MLCD), the project is pursuing the use of ground-based astronomical telescopes as large-aperture optical receiving antennae. To facilitate communication as the spacecraft approaches solar conjunction, a large membrane filter is being considered to reject approximately 95% of the sun’s power, while efficiently admitting light at the 1060 nm signal wavelength. Through the use of this filter and some additional facility modifications, the problems of thermally-induced telescope aberrations and dangerous focusing of solar power can effectively be mitigated. The use of a membrane filter is expected to be cost competitive, introduce less scattered light, and provide more flexibility in placement and operations than alternative approaches. This paper addresses the initial design of the filter and preparation of test samples to evaluate candidate materials.
Quality and reliability of energy efficient motors

Even though the stage has been set for energy conservation being one of the major drivers in the design of general-purpose industrial motors, it was not intended to be at the expense of reliability or the overall motor performance. Some have felt that the drive for increased efficiency would diminish motor life and performance. This article is based on a review of various industrial motors available. The subject of this article is gaining interest and close scrutiny from many sources. In addition to the obvious energy savings, many users are beginning to see that the energy efficient motor offers increased reliability and longer life for most industrial applications. The product chosen for this comparison is the motor typically used for mill and chemical applications. The author discusses the basic design parameters, the reliability study methodology, efficiency and power factor trade-offs, winding thermal capacity, inrush current, speed and torque characteristics, inductive reactance to resistance ratio, motor safe stall times and bearings.
Improved shield tunnel design methodology incorporating design robustness

This paper presents an improved design methodology for shield tunnels. Here, a new framework for three-dimensional analysis of shield tunnel “performance” (defined herein as the structural safety and serviceability of each tunnel ring) is developed, which considers the effect of the longitudinal variation of input parameters on the tunnel performance. Within this framework, random fields are used to simulate the longitudinal variation of input parameters, and the three-dimensional problem of shield tunnel performance is solved through a two-stage solution involving a one-dimensional model (for tunnel longitudinal behavior) and a two-dimensional model (for performance of segment rings). Furthermore, the robust design concept is integrated into the design of shield tunnels to guard against the longitudinal variation of tunnel performance caused by the longitudinal variation of input parameters. In the context of robust design, a new measure is developed for determining the robustness of the tunnel performan.
Rollover protection for occupants of heavy truck sleeper cabs

It is projected that over 900,000 long-haul sleeper cabs will be on the road by the year 2030. Approximately half of all heavy truck occupant deaths are due to rollovers. This paper considers current occupant sleeper cab rollover protection systems and reveals the results of representative crashes involving vehicles with these cabs. This paper also describes a virtual testing methodology for the evaluation of today's designs under rollover conditions, along with restraint tests involving both test dummies and humans. Finite element models are also discussed; results of various exemplar restraint configurations are introduced. These data strongly suggest that lateral restraint is critical for the safety of sleeper cab occupants in the event of a rollover accident.
Six sigma in small‐ and medium‐sized UK manufacturing enterprises: Some empirical observations

Purpose – Six sigma for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an emerging topic among many academics and six sigma practitioners over the last two to three years. Very few studies have been reported about the successful applications of six sigma in SMEs. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of six sigma implementation in UK manufacturing SMEs. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents an extensive literature review based on the experiences of both academics and practitioners on six sigma within an SME environment. The paper highlights the strengths and weaknesses associated with SMEs, followed by the results of a six sigma survey in UK manufacturing SMEs. The results of the study are based primarily on descriptive statistics. Findings – The results of the study show that many of the SMEs are not aware of six sigma and many do not have the resources to implement six sigma projects. It was also found that lean sigma was not generally popular among SMEs. Management involvement and participation, linking six sigma to customers and linking six sigma to business strategy are the most critical factors for the successful deployment of six sigma in SMEs. Originality/value – This paper reports the first study on the status of six sigma implementation in UK SMEs. The paper will yield a great value to academics, consultants, researchers and practitioners of six sigma.