Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relation of Callous–Unemotional Traits and Bullying in Early Adolescence Is Independent from Sex and Age and Moderated by Conduct Problems

In youths, callous–unemotional (CU) traits and conduct problems (CP) are independently associated with bullying perpetration and these effects are also observed when controlling for sex. Moreover, research indicates that the co-existence of high levels of both CU and CP further increase the risk. Although several studies have examined the relationship between CU traits and traditional bullying, few have also included a measure of cyberbullying and very few of them have focused the early adolescence. The aim of this study was to replicate and extend these findings in a large sample of Italian early adolescents considering both traditional and cyberbullying behaviors. Data were extracted from the Bullying and Youth Mental Health Naples study (BYMHNS) which included 2959 students of 10–15 years of age. CP, CU traits, traditional bullying behaviors, and cyberbullying behaviors were assessed by multi-item self-report scales. As expected, we replicated the significant and specific association between CU traits and traditional bullying, extending the findings to cyberbullying. In addition, in the latter case the effect was moderated by CP. The theoretical and clinical implications of these results were discussed.
O/W Pickering Emulsions Stabilized with Cellulose Nanofibrils Produced through Different Mechanical Treatments

This work aimed at studying the stabilization of O/W Pickering emulsions using nanosized cellulosic material, produced from raw cellulose or tomato pomace through different mechanical treatments, such as ball milling (BM) and high-pressure homogenization (HPH). The cellulose nanofibrils obtained via HPH, which exhibited longer fibers with higher flexibility than those obtained via ball milling, are characterized by lower interfacial tension values and higher viscosity, as well as better emulsion stabilization capability. Emulsion stability tests, carried out at 4 °C for 28 d or under centrifugation at different pH values (2.0, 7.0, and 12.0), revealed that HPH-treated cellulose limited the occurrence of coalescence phenomena and significantly slowed down gravitational separation in comparison with BM-treated cellulose. HPH-treated cellulose was responsible for the formation of a 3D network structure in the continuous phase, entrapping the oil droplets also due to the affinity with the cellulose nanofibrils, whereas BM-treated cellulose produced fibers with a more compact structure, which did adequately cover the oil droplets. HPH-treated tomato pomace gave similar results in terms of particle morphology and interfacial tension, and slightly lower emulsion stabilization capability than HPH-treated cellulose, suggesting that the used mechanical disruption process does not require cellulose isolation for its efficient defibrillation.
A Personalized Glomerulus Chip Engineered from Stem Cell-Derived Epithelium and Vascular Endothelium

Progress in understanding kidney disease mechanisms and the development of targeted therapeutics have been limited by the lack of functional in vitro models that can closely recapitulate human physiological responses. Organ Chip (or organ-on-a-chip) microfluidic devices provide unique opportunities to overcome some of these challenges given their ability to model the structure and function of tissues and organs in vitro. Previously established organ chip models typically consist of heterogenous cell populations sourced from multiple donors, limiting their applications in patient-specific disease modeling and personalized medicine. In this study, we engineered a personalized glomerulus chip system reconstituted from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and podocytes from a single patient. Our stem cell-derived kidney glomerulus chip successfully mimics the structure and some essential functions of the glomerular filtration barrier. We further modeled glomerular injury in our tissue chips by administering a clinically relevant dose of the chemotherapy drug Adriamycin. The drug disrupts the structural integrity of the endothelium and the podocyte tissue layers, leading to significant albuminuria as observed in patients with glomerulopathies. We anticipate that the personalized glomerulus chip model established in this report could help advance future studies of kidney disease mechanisms and the discovery of personalized therapies. Given the remarkable ability of human iPS cells to differentiate into almost any cell type, this work also provides a blueprint for the establishment of more personalized organ chip and ‘body-on-a-chip’ models in the future.
Pupillometry Reveals the Role of Arousal in a Postexercise Benefit to Executive Function

A single bout of aerobic exercise improves executive function; however, the mechanism(s) underlying this improvement remains unclear. Here, we employed a 20-min bout of aerobic exercise, and at pre- and immediate post-exercise sessions examined executive function via pro- (i.e., saccade to veridical target location) and anti-saccade (i.e., saccade mirror symmetrical to a target) performance and pupillometry metrics. Notably, tonic and phasic pupillometry responses in oculomotor control provided a framework to determine the degree that arousal and/or executive resource recruitment influence behavior. Results demonstrated a pre- to post-exercise decrease in pro- and anti-saccade reaction times (p = 0.01) concurrent with a decrease and increase in tonic baseline pupil size and task-evoked pupil dilations, respectively (ps < 0.03). Such results demonstrate that an exercise-induced improvement in saccade performance is related to an executive-mediated “shift” in physiological and/or psychological arousal, supported by the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system to optimize task engagement.
Plasma 25(OH)D Concentrations and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Pregnant Women in Taiwan

Vitamin D’s function in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not consistent in the literature. We examined the association between maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentration and GDM risk. A national cross-sectional study (1497 pregnant women) was conducted between 2017 and 2019 across Taiwan. Blood samples were drawn at recruitment to assess 25(OH)D concentrations, including vitamin D deficiency (VDD) (<20 ng/mL), insufficiency (<32 ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥32 ng/mL). GDM was detected from 24 to 28 weeks of gestation with the results extracted from the antenatal visit records. The prevalence of GDM was 2.9%. Logistic model analysis showed that 25(OH)D concentrations were not significantly associated with the risk of GDM (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.97, p = 0.144). However, subjects with VDD had a significantly greater risk of GDM (AOR = 2.26, p = 0.041), but not in those with vitamin D insufficiency (AOR = 1.20, p = 0.655). Furthermore, cubic piecewise spline regression was used to explore the relationship between five-unit intervals of 25(OH)D and the predicted probability of GDM. As the proportion of GDM increased for low 25(OH)D concentrations, it decreased at moderate concentrations and increased again at higher concentrations. These findings revealed a nonlinear relationship between 25(OH)D and GDM risk. VDD would be risky for GDM occurrence.
Bidirectional Differentiation of Human-Derived Stem Cells Induced by Biomimetic Calcium Silicate-Reinforced Gelatin Methacrylate Bioink for Odontogenic Regeneration

Tooth loss or damage is a common problem affecting millions of people worldwide, and it results in significant impacts on one’s quality of life. Dental regeneration with the support of stem cell-containing scaffolds has emerged as an alternative treatment strategy for such cases. With this concept in mind, we developed various concentrations of calcium silicate (CS) in a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa) matrix and fabricated human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs)-laden scaffolds via the use of a bioprinting technology in order to determine their feasibility in promoting odontogenesis. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy showed that the incorporation of CS increased the number of covalent bonds in the GelMa hydrogels. In addition, rheological analyses were conducted for the different concentrations of hydrogels to evaluate their sol–gel transition temperature. It was shown that incorporation of CS improved the printability and printing quality of the scaffolds. The printed CS-containing scaffolds were able to release silicate (Si) ions, which subsequently significantly enhanced the activation of signaling-related markers such as ERK and significantly improved the expression of odontogenic-related markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), and osteocalcin (OC). The calcium deposition assays were also significantly enhanced in the CS-containing scaffold. Our results demonstrated that CS/GelMa scaffolds were not only enhanced in terms of their physicochemical behaviors but the odontogenesis of the hDPSCs was also promoted as compared to GelMa scaffolds. These results demonstrated that CS/GelMa scaffolds can serve as cell-laden materials for future clinical applications and use in dentin regeneration.
MiRNAs Correlate with HLA Expression in Uveal Melanoma: Both Up- and Downregulation Are Related to Monosomy 3

Simple Summary Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare ocular malignancy that often gives rise to metastases. Tumours with an inflammatory phenotype have an especially bad prognosis. As an increased HLA expression and the presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages may be regulated by miRNAs, we set out to investigate whether any miRNAs are associated with inflammatory parameters in this malignancy. Some miRNAs were increased in UM with a high HLA expression and high T cell numbers, while others were decreased, showing two opposing patterns; however, both patterns were related to the tumour’s chromosome 3/BAP1 status. We conclude that specific miRNAs are related to the inflammatory phenotype and that these are differentially expressed between disomy 3/BAP1-positive versus monosomy 3/BAP1-negative UM. Abstract MicroRNAs are known to play a role in the regulation of inflammation. As a high HLA Class I expression is associated with a bad prognosis in UM, we set out to determine whether any miRNAs were related to a high HLA Class I expression and inflammation. We also determined whether such miRNAs were related to the UM’s genetic status. The expression of 125 miRNAs was determined in 64 primary UM from Leiden. Similarly, the mRNA expression of HLA-A, HLA-B, TAP1, BAP1, and immune cell markers was obtained. Expression levels of 24 of the 125 miRNAs correlated with expression of at least three out of four HLA Class I probes. Four miRNAs showed a positive correlation with HLA expression and infiltration with leukocytes, 20 a negative pattern. In the first group, high miRNA levels correlated with chromosome 3 loss/reduced BAP1 mRNA expression, in the second group low miRNA levels. The positive associations between miRNA-22 and miRNA-155 with HLA Class I were confirmed in the TCGA study and Rotterdam cohort, and with TAP1 in the Rotterdam data set; the negative associations between miRNA-125b2 and miRNA-211 and HLA-A, TAP1, and CD4 were confirmed in the Rotterdam set. We demonstrate two patterns: miRNAs can either be related to a high or a low HLA Class I/TAP1 expression and the presence of infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages. However, both patterns were associated with chromosome 3/BAP1 status, which suggests a role for BAP1 loss in the regulation of HLA expression and inflammation in UM through miRNAs.
Ultrasonication of Thawed Huyou Juice: Effects on Cloud Stability, Physicochemical Properties and Bioactive Compounds

In order to remove the flocculent precipitation in Huyou juice after frozen storage and thawing process, the thawed juice was ultrasonically treated with different power (45–360 W) and time (10–60 min) in ice bath (~0 °C), and its sedimentation behavior during storage was observed. After optimization, the cloud stability of juice could be improved by ultrasonic treatment with ultrasonic power of 360 W or more for at least 30 min, which could be stable during 7 days of storage at 4 °C. Under this optimal condition (360 W, 30 min), the effects of ultrasound on the physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of thawed Huyou juice during storage were investigated. The results showed that with smaller particle size and lower polymer dispersity index, ultrasonic treatment did not significantly change the color, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and bioactive compounds including flavonoids and other phenolics. In addition, all properties of samples were at the same level during storage. Thus, ultrasound was applicable since it can improve the cloud stability of Huyou juice with minimal impact on its physicochemical properties and nutritional quality compared to the untreated one.
Study of the Interaction between Executive Function and Adaptive Behavior at School in Girls with Fragile X Syndrome

The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between executive functions and adaptive behavior in girls with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) in the school setting. This study is part of a larger investigation conducted at the Hospital Parc Tauli in Sabadell. The sample consists of a total of 40 girls (26 with FXS and 14 control) aged 7–16 years, who were administered different neuropsychological tests (WISC-V, NEPSY-II, WCST, TOL) and questionnaires answered by teachers (ABAS-II, BRIEF 2, ADHD Rating Scale). The results show that there is a greater interaction between some areas of executive function (cognitive flexibility, auditory attention, and visual abstraction capacity) and certain areas of adaptive behavior (conceptual, practical, social, and total domains) in the FXS group than in the control group. These results suggest that an alteration in the executive functions was affecting the daily functioning of the girls with FXS to a greater extent.
Clinical Implications of Growth Hormone Deficiency for Oral Health in Children: A Systematic Review

Growth hormone (GH) is involved in the regulation of the postnatal dental and skeletal growth, but its effects on oral health have not been clearly defined. This paper aims to provide a review of current clinical knowledge of dental caries, tooth wear, developmental enamel defects, craniofacial growth and morphology, dental maturation, and tooth eruption in growth hormone deficient (GHD) children. A systematic review was carried out using Scopus, MEDLINE-EbscoHost and Web of Science from 2000 to May 2021. PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews were followed. All the selected studies involved groups under eighteen years of age, covering a total of 465 GHD patients. The studies that were selected provide reliable evidence for delayed dental maturity and orthodontic disturbances in GHD patients. Data on dental hard tissues pathology are scarce and are limited to occurrences of dental caries. GHD children showed abnormal craniofacial morphology with reduced mandibular dimensions, with a resulting tendency towards Angle’s Class II occlusion, which affected up to 31% of patients. Dental age has been shown to be delayed in GHD patients by about 1 to 2 years. Moreover, the risk of dental caries in children with GHD decreases with increasing levels of vitamin D. Hence, further studies would be valuable for evaluating the risk of various oral health problems and to organize targeted dental care for this vulnerable group.
Study on Deposition Characteristics of Microparticles in Terminal Pulmonary Acini by IB–LBM

As an indicator of health risk, the deposition of microparticles in terminal pulmonary acini is of great significance in the medical field. To control particulate pollution and optimize aerosol delivery, it is necessary to perform an in-depth study of the microparticle deposition in terminal pulmonary acini; however, little research has been done on this topic. This paper proposes a respiratory movement model of terminal pulmonary acini using an immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method. In addition, we explored the effect of gravity direction, respiratory rate, microparticle diameter, and other parameters on the microparticles deposition process and distribution, under the airflow in the acinar wall. It was found that the deposition of microparticles is sensitive to gravity direction, and the growth of the respiratory rate increases the rate of microparticle migration and deposition. It was observed that the gravity effect is enhanced by increasing the diameter of microparticles, causing a high deposition and dispersion rate. The study reveals the dynamic correlation between the respiration process and the movement of microparticles, which is of reference value to figure out the pathogenicity mechanism of inhalable particles and to optimize the aerosol delivery.
Effects of Banana Skin Powder on Properties of Jackfruit Seed Starch/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) PVA Film

Effects of Banana Skin Powder on Properties of Jackfruit Seed Starch/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) PVA Film Nur’aishah AHMAD SHAHRIM1,a*, Nur Najihah Solehah ABD RANI1,b, Norshahida SARIFUDDIN1,c, Hafizah Hanim MOHD ZAKI1,d and Ahmad Zahirani AHMAD AZHAR1,e 1Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. aaisydahlia@gmail.com, bnajihah0610@gmail.com, cnorshahida@iium.edu. my, dhafizahhanim@iium.edu. my, ezahirani@iium.edu. my
Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health among the General Public: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study in China

COVID-19 might have long-term mental health impacts. We aim to investigate the longitudinal changes in mental problems from initial COVID-19 peak to its aftermath among general public in China. Depression, anxiety and insomnia were assessed among a large-sample nationwide cohort of 10,492 adults during the initial COVID-19 peak (28 February 2020 to 11 March 2020) and its aftermath (8 July 2020 to 8 August 2020) using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Insomnia Severity Index. We used generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models to explore factors associated with long-term mental health symptoms during COVID-19. During the five months, mental health symptoms remained consistently elevated (baseline 46.4%; follow-up 45.1%). Long-term depression, anxiety and insomnia were associated with several personal and work-related factors including quarantine (adjusted OR for any mental health symptoms 1.31, 95%CI 1.22–1.41, p < 0.001), increases in work burden after resuming work (1.77, 1.65–1.90, p < 0.001), occupational exposure risk to COVID-19 (1.26, 1.14–1.40, p < 0.001) and living in places severely affected by initial COVID-19 peak (1.21, 1.04–1.41, p = 0.01) or by a COVID-19 resurgence (1.38, 1.26–1.50, p < 0.001). Compliance with self-protection measures, such as wearing face masks (0.74, 0.61–0.90, p = 0.003), was associated with lower long-term risk of mental problems. The findings reveal a pronounced and prolonged mental health burden from the initial COVID-19 peak through to its aftermath in China. We should regularly monitor the mental health status of vulnerable populations throughout COVID-19.
Sequential O-Arylation/Lanthanide(III)-Catalyzed [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Bromo-Substituted Allylic Alcohols

Abstract Lanthanide(III)-catalyzed aryl-Claisen rearrangement of substrates bearing halo-substituted allyl groups, specifically 2-bromoallyl aryl ethers, afford ortho-2-bromoallylphenols. Aryl ether substrates were synthesized from brominated allylic alcohols via Mitsunobu reaction, Cu(II)-catalyzed arylation using potassium aryltrifluoroborate salts, or SNAr reaction. Aryl-Claisen rearrangements proceeded in moderate to excellent yields using Eu(III) catalysis. The alkenylbromide functionality remains intact, illustrating the compatibility of synthetically important alkenylhalides during C–O/C–C σ-bond migration processes. Subsequent derivatization of the ortho-2-bromoallylphenol products through O-alkylation or C-arylation/alkenylation via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling demonstrate the potential to access densely-functionalized molecules.
Environmental and biological factors influencing mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) levels in European perch (Perca fluviatilis): A comparison between the lakes Djupetjern, Holmetjern and Visterflo located in Glomma

This study is based on an investigation of Lake Djupetjern, Lake Holmetjern and Lake Visterflo, which are all situated within the Glomma catchment area. The main objectives were to see if European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the different lakes differ in Hg and Se concentrations and to quantify the contribution from environmental and biological factors to individual variations in THg and Se concentrations. In addition were the molar ratios (Se:Hg) and management implication for recreational fishing of my THg findings assessed. This was conducted by measuring levels of Hg (mg/kg wet weight), Se (mg/kg wet weight) and stable isotopes (C and N) in the muscle tissue of perch. Further were Hg, Se and stable isotopes (N and C) linked to individual characteristics of the collected fish data (length, weight, age). The result showed that 78 % of the analysed perch from Degernestjerna, and 60 % of the analysed perch from Visterflo contained valued above 0.3 mg/kg w.w. This is an upper level from where consumption advice is given by WHO for groups at risk. The THg concentration ranged from 0.21-2.20 and 0.07-1.50 mg/kg w.w. in Degernestjerna (Djupetjern + Holmetjern) and Visterflo respectively. The one-way ANOVA analysis showed that there were not an all over difference in the THg distribution between the examined lakes, but when adjusted for individual characters (e.g. age) were there clear differences between the lakes. The multiple regression analysis showed there were two supported models (ΔAIC=0.42) fitted to predict THg concentrations in Degernestjerna and Lake Visterflo: Location*Age*∂C and Location*Age*∂N.They predicted slightly different outcomes in the examined lakes (1) THg in perch from Degernestjerna increased with increasing age and trophic position combined with foraging in the pelagic area (2) while THg in perch from Visterflo increased with increasing age independent on the trophic level as well as increased THg levels when feeding in the pelagic area. The Se concentrations in the three lakes was lower than detection level (<1μgSe/L), but the one-way ANOVA showed that perch from Degernestjerna had in general higher Se concentrations compared to perch from Lake Visterflo. The most supported model (ΔAIC=0) fitted to predict Se concentrations in Degernestjerna and Lake Visterflo was: Location+weight+∂C. The model predicted similar outcomes in the examined lakes: high Se concentrations are obtained when the perch is relatively large and forage in the littoral zone. Despite the high exposure to THg, only 5 % of the analyzed perch had molar ratios Se/THg < 1. The Se/THg ratios were strongly influenced by length, weight and age. These results can be used to inform the public fishing in Østfold, so they can avoid consuming perch from the lakes with highest THg values. The groups at risk: children, pregnant and breastfeeding women should in general avoid eating perch in Djupetjern and Holmetjern.