Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Parallelized Algorithm for a Real-Time Traffic Recommendations Architecture Based in Multi-agents

Rapid population growth of cities has generated great predicament to their traffic and transport systems. These problems tend to be extremely dynamic and complex to be addressed by centralized solutions. However, multi-agent systems have proven to be a technology capable of handle this kind of problems. In previous work we proposed a conceptual framework based on agents able to analyze in-formation from different sources (smart phones, applications open programming, social networks, datasets open) and make recommendations in real time based on the preferences and needs users. In this paper, we extend this work by proposing the parallelized algorithm used in generating the best k routes.
Performance analysis of direction finding with large arrays and finite data

This paper considers analysis of methods for estimating the parameters of narrow-band signals arriving at an array of sensors. This problem has important applications in, for instance, radar direction finding and underwater source localization. The so-called deterministic and stochastic maximum likelihood (ML) methods are the main focus of this paper. A performance analysis is carried out assuming a finite number of samples and that the array is composed of a sufficiently large number of sensors. Several thousands of antennas are not uncommon in, e.g., radar applications. Strong consistency of the parameter estimates is proved, and the asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimation error is derived. Unlike the previously studied large sample case, the present analysis shows that the accuracy is the same for the two ML methods. Furthermore, the asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimation error coincides with the deterministic Cramer-Rao bound. Under a certain assumption, the ML methods can be implemented by means of conventional beamforming for a large enough number of sensors. We also include a simple simulation study, which indicates that both ML methods provide efficient estimates for very moderate array sizes, whereas the beamforming method requires a somewhat larger array aperture to overcome the inherent bias and resolution problem. >
Adolescent mothers' knowledge and perceptions of contraceptives in Tshwane, South Africa: research

This descriptive quantitative survey attempted to identify reasons why adolescent mothers (aged 19 or younger at the birth of their babies) failed to utilise contraceptive, emergency contraceptive and/or termination of pregnancy (TOP) services. The research population comprised all adolescent mothers in the region, the accessible convenience sample consisted of all adolescent mothers who visited Tshwane’s Metropolitan Council clinics from 1 January till 31 March 2000, and who were willing to complete questionnaires, designed and tested during a joint World Health Organization and Commonwealth Reproductive Health Workshop in Harare, Zimbabwe, during 1998. During pretesting, 12 questionnaires were completed by adolescent mothers who were excluded from the actual study. This report refers to data (analysed with the Epi-Info program) obtained from 61 completed questionnaires. Only a minority of these 61 adolescent mothers earned sufficient money to sustain themselves and their babies. In spite of these unfavourable financial circumstances, only 23 (37.7%) had used contraceptives prior to conception. None of them used emergency contraceptives and none accessed termination of pregnancy services. Although all these services are available free of charge in the region, these adolescent mothers did not use them. The adolescent mothers required more knowledge about contraceptives, emergency contraceptives and TOP services, and they need to perceive these services as being accessible and safe before they could utilise them effectively. Clinics providing these services should be open over weekends and during evenings so that adolescents can obtain contraceptive services without fear of meeting their mothers, aunts or teachers at these clinics. Reproductive health clinics should also strive towards providing more adolescent-friendly services.
Long-term rheumatologic complications of sulfur mustard in victims of Sardasht, Iran

Sulfur mustard (SM) is an alkylating agent used several times by Iraqi forces as a chemical warfare agent in the Iraq-Iran war (1980–1988). Eyes, skin and respiratory system are the most sensitive organs to SM exposure. This agent has a suppressor effect on the immune system. As we did not find any study on the late rheumatologic complications of SM in the exposed victims in literature, in this study we investigated these complications in Sardasht (Iran) civilians 20 years after exposure. In a cohort study, 370 victims of Sardasht (that divided into two groups: hospitalized, n = 167, and non hospitalized, 203) in comparison to 128 control subjects from Rabat (Iran). The chief rheumatologic complaints, the physical examinations, the most probable clinical diagnosis and the rheumatic laboratory tests were compared between the study groups. The chief complaint was lower extremity pain; the most frequent physical finding was widespread tenderness and the most frequent clinical diagnosis was psychogenic pain. Among laboratory tests, only anti nuclear antibody (ANA) had significantly higher titer in the hospitalized victims than in the control subjects (P = 0.02). The most frequent rheumatologic complications were degenerative diseases of joints and spine. There was no significant difference in inflammatory disease between the two groups, but there were more rheumatoid arthritis patients among the victims. Higher ANA titers may indicate some autoimmune disorders as late rheumatic complications of SM.
When is a key establishment protocol correct?

This paper presents sufficient and necessary conditions to guarantee the security of a Key Establishment (KE) protocol based on our formalism of the belief multisets. The formalism is used to express the security of a KE protocol and to reason about beliefs in the protocol. We observe that a freshness identifier such as a nonce may not be fresh for a legitimate party in a particular protocol run, hence we distinguish a trusted freshness identifier from the commonly used freshness identifier in the sense of a participant's beliefs about the security. A central ingredient in our approach is that all the beliefs should be established on the basis of a trusted freshness identifier. The reasoning results of our approach, comparing with the security conditions, can either establish the correctness of a KE protocol when the protocol is in fact correct, or identify the absence of the security properties, which leads to the structure to construct attacks directly. Two examples, the Kerberos pair-key agreement approach in distributed sensor networks and the Needham—Schroeder public key protocol, are given to show the usability and the efficiency of our approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Applicant Criteria and Program Expectations for Choosing Residency Programs in the Otolaryngology Match

Objective. To evaluate criteria used by residency applicants in ranking otolaryngology residency programs and to compare applicant criteria with program expectations of ranking otolaryngology residency programs. Study Design. Cross-sectional survey. Setting. 2009 and 2010 match cycles. Subjects and Methods. Program applicants and otolaryngology program directors. Main Outcome Measures. Applicants were asked to rank the importance of 10 criteria in choosing a residency program (1 = criterion was of the utmost importance and 20 = not important at all). Program directors were asked to express expectations of how applicants should rank programs using those same criteria. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze responses between groups. Results. Comprehensiveness of subspecialties and resident satisfaction were the most important criteria for both groups; salary, call schedule, and likelihood to rank the resident highly were least valued. Four criteria were significantly different between groups. Applicants significantly valued location (4.36 vs 8.9, P < .0001) and call schedule (9.85 vs 12.73, P = .002) more than program directors did. Program directors valued didactic schedule (6.1 vs 9.18, P < .0001) and comprehensiveness of subspecialties (2.53 vs 3.02, P = .007) more than applicants did. Forty-one of 105 (39%) program directors completed the survey. Conclusion. While applicants and program directors agree on the most and least important criteria for ranking residency programs, there are several significant differences in these criteria. This study provides insight on ranking criteria that may improve the resident match process and subsequent training experience. However, the ability to generalize the results is limited by the low response rate.
Temporal Patterns of Daily Occupations Related to Older Adults' Health in Northern Sweden

The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of temporal patterns of daily occupations that could be related to high and low subjective health among older adults in Northern Sweden. A cross-sectional design imprinted by time-geographic methodology was used and participants 70 years and older were purposively selected and divided into groups of high and low health using the SoC-29 and SF-36 questionnaires. Daily occupations data were registered and analysed using VISUAL Time-PAcTS and related to health conditions using SPSS. The results showed that the participants in the high- and low-health groups showed similar patterns of participation in occupations during the 24-hour sequences describing their daily routines. Some differences in patterns of frequency and duration of occupations were shown between health groups during the 24-hour sequences as well as within six intervals. The low-health group showed higher frequencies and longer durations for “care for oneself” and “reflection and recreation” occupations and lower for “house-keeping” and “procure and prepare food” occupations compared to the high-health groups. There were few significant differences between the high- and low-health groups' mean durations for occupations. The results of this study could contribute to the support and assistance of occupations of older adults in society.
Primary TEP Placement in Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Free Tissue Reconstruction and Salivary Bypass Tube Placement

The authors examined the feasibility and advantages of primary tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) with intraoperative placement of the voice prosthesis for patients undergoing laryngopharyngectomy requiring free tissue reconstruction and salivary bypass tube placement. Six patients were identified; 4 underwent total laryngopharyngectomy, and 2 underwent total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy. All 6 required free tissue reconstruction, and a salivary bypass tube was placed in all cases. All patients had a 20F Indwelling Blom-Singer prosthesis (InHealth Technologies, Carpinteria, California) placed. No complications were noted with intraoperative prosthesis placement. No prostheses were dislodged in the postoperative period. At 6 months, 4 patients available for evaluation had successful voice outcomes, and 3 were disease free. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of voice prosthesis placement at the time of primary TEP associated with free tissue reconstruction of a laryngopharyngeal defect with salivary bypass tube placement.
A Comprehensive Department of Psychological Medicine

During the past decade the psychiatric services in the Manchester region have developed according to a unique pattern (Pool, 1959; Leyberg, 1959; Freeman, 1960; Smith, 1960). This has been largely due to the pioneering work of the Regional Hospital Board in forging ahead with comprehensive psychiatric units in general hospital centres throughout the region, these units being planned to meet, so far as is possible, the total psychiatric needs of the respective catchment areas. The distinguishing feature of an increasing number of these units is that they are truly comprehensive in so far as there is no selection of admissions, and few, if any, of the latter are subsequently transferred to large psychiatric hospitals. The statistics analysed in this paper are derived from a department which adopts such
Maximum likelihood array processing for stochastic coherent sources

Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation in array signal processing for the stochastic noncoherent signal case is well documented in the literature. We focus on the equally relevant case of stochastic coherent signals. Explicit large-sample realizations are derived for the ML estimates of the noise power and the (singular) signal covariance matrix. The asymptotic properties of the estimates are examined, and some numerical examples are provided. In addition, we show the surprising fact that the ML estimates of the signal parameters obtained by ignoring the information that the sources are coherent coincide in large samples with the ML estimates obtained by exploiting the coherent source information. Thus, the ML signal parameter estimator derived for the noncoherent case (or its large-sample realizations) asymptotically achieves the lowest possible estimation error variance (corresponding to the coherent Cramer-Rao bound).
5α‐Reductase inhibitors and prostatic disease

5 alpha-Reductase inhibitors are a new class of substances with very specific effects on type I and type II 5 alpha R which may be of use in the treatment of skin disease, such as male pattern baldness, male acne and hirsutism, as well as prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. At least two types of 5 alpha R inhibitors with a different pH optimum have been described. cDNA encoding for both the type I and the type II enzyme has been cloned. Most of the orally effective 5 alpha R inhibitors belong to the class of 4-azasteroids. The radical substituted in the 17 position of the steroid ring seems to be related to species specific variations and to the types of 5 alpha R enzymes in different species and organ systems. 5 alpha R inhibitors lead to a decrease of plasma DHT by about 65% while there is a slight rise in plasma testosterone. The decrease of tissue DHT in the ventral prostate of the intact rat, the dog and in humans is more pronounced and amounts to about 85%. There is a reciprocal rise of tissue T in these systems. The application of an inhibitor of 5 alpha R type II leads to a shrinkage of BPH in men by about 30%. In the rat a similar shrinkage accompanied by a significant decrease of total organ DNA occurs. This decrease, however, is not as pronounced as can be achieved with castration. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Towards fair mutual private set intersection with linear complexity

In this paper, we propose a two-way oblivious pseudorandom function (mOPRF) secure in standard model against malicious parties under the decisional composite residuosity and decisional Diffie–Hellman assumptions. Using this two-way OPRF, we construct an optimistic mutual private set intersection (PSI) protocol conserving fairness. In our PSI protocol, fairness is obtained by a semi-trusted arbiter in the sense that it cannot get access to the private information of the two parties, but we believe that it will follow the protocol. To the best of our knowledge, our PSI protocol is the first fair PSI with linear communication and computation complexities and is proven to be secure in standard model against malicious adversaries under decisional q-Diffie–Hellman inversion, decisional composite residuosity, and decisional Diffie–Hellman assumptions. Apart from that, we present a modified version of the OPRF that requires less number of communication rounds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor Location Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Head and Neck Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Objective. Explore the relationship between tumor location and prognosis among patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the head and neck. Study Design. Retrospective analysis of large population database. Setting. Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database/multiple settings. Subjects and Methods. Using the SEER database, the authors identified patients with MCC of the head and neck. They compared clinicopathologic characteristics and disease-specific survival (DSS) between patients with head and neck MCC at different anatomic subsites. DSS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and a multivariable regression model was constructed so that independent predictors of DSS could be determined. Results. Of the 2104 patients identified, 61.0% were men. The mean age at diagnosis was 77.5 years. Tumors were most commonly located on the face (61.1%). Scalp tumors were significantly larger (10.4% >5 cm, P = .0001) and more likely to present with distant metastasis (8.7%, P = .07) than other head and neck tumors. Lip tumors had the highest rate of invasion into bone, cartilage, and muscle (13.7%, P = .012), and ear tumors had the highest rate of nodal metastasis (63.2%, P = .011). Patients with scalp/neck and lip primary sites had significantly worse survival on univariable analysis (P = .0054 and P = .0007, respectively); however, the lip was the only site associated with worse survival on multivariable analysis (hazard ratio = 1.8, P = .005). Conclusions. This study is the first to report lip location as an independent prognostic factor in head and neck MCC. More aggressive treatment of patients with MCC of the lip may be warranted to improve outcomes.
Energy efficient secure communication architecture for wireless sensor network

The wireless sensor network WSN is more vulnerable than the wired network because it is relatively easy for an adversary to eavesdrop, insert, alter, and intercept the message communicated in the network. Sensor nodes have very limited power and memory. While designing the secure communication architectures, the main goal is to design energy and memory efficient protocols. Most of the well-known communication architectures like TinySec, LLSP, and MiniSec compromise with the security issues because of energy and memory constraints of sensor nodes. In WSN, communication consumes more energy than computation. By minimizing communication overhead, the energy consumption can be reduced. We propose a new "energy efficient secure communication architecture" called EESCA for WSN, to make the communication secure. Along with authentication, confidentiality and integrity, the proposed architecture provides strong replay protection, and data freshness as permutation and substitution are used to generate massage authentication code. EESCA is robust against heavy packet loss because reset or resynchronization of counter is not required. The proposed scheme is energy efficient as the security packet overhead is reduced by 1i¾źbyte over the best-known secure communication architectures. The efficacy of EESCA is shown through theoretical and experimental analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human continuous activity recognition based on energy-efficient schemes considering cloud security technology

Smartphone is broadly applicable to the human activity recognition HAR mobile devices. However, energy consumption becomes a big obstacle to such mobile devices of real-time monitoring. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a method of activity recognition based on energy-efficient schemes. In terms of data acquisition and processing, energy-efficient schemes adopt the best sample rate and extract the most effective feature combinations in accordance with the different activities, so as not to increase energy consumption; while in terms of recognition algorithm, we adopt the improved structure of multi-class support vector machine, combine it with the probability of activity occurrence, so as to reduce the time complexity of recognition. This method can minimize energy consumption greatly under the premise of maintaining higher recognition accuracy. Moreover, this paper adopts mobile cloud security technology to reduce potential risk of the smartphone's data transmission and processing. We present our work with an experimental study, and our experiments show that the accuracy of activity recognition based on energy-efficient schemes we proposed is up to 90.6%. In addition, this method will save 51.0% energy than that when sample rate and extracted features are, respectively, fixed at 100Hz and combined features. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CSP adoption: current status and future prospects

Content security policy CSP is a security mechanism that can be used to mitigate cross-site scripting also known as XSS and other related attacks. Although CSP is a promising mechanism to prevent XSS attack, it is not widely used. In this paper, we built a Java-based web crawler to examine the current state of hypertext transfer protocol security headers and the adoption rate of CSP. The results show that usage for hypertext transfer protocol security headers is increasing. As for CSP, seven websites use CSP among the top 100 popular sites 8% both in January and June 2015; 716 0.066% and 1241 0.133% websites enable CSP in January and June 2015, respectively 73% increase. A detailed analysis of the CSP settings that websites used is also performed. This analysis shows that many websites with CSP do not have the correct policies to prevent XSS. Finally, challenges for adopting CSP and methods to increase the adoption rate are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Readability Assessment of Patient Education Materials on Major Otolaryngology Association Websites

Objective Various otolaryngology associations provide Internet-based patient education material (IPEM) to the general public. However, this information may be written above the fourth- to sixth-grade reading level recommended by the American Medical Association (AMA) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). The purpose of this study was to assess the readability of otolaryngology-related IPEMs on various otolaryngology association websites and to determine whether they are above the recommended reading level for patient education materials. Study Design and Setting Analysis of patient education materials from 9 major otolaryngology association websites. Methods The readability of 262 otolaryngology-related IPEMs was assessed with 8 numerical and 2 graphical readability tools. Averages were evaluated against national recommendations and between each source using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) analysis. Mean readability scores for each otolaryngology association website were compared. Results Mean website readability scores using Flesch Reading Ease test, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Coleman-Liau Index, SMOG grading, Gunning Fog Index, New Dale-Chall Readability Formula, FORCAST Formula, New Fog Count Test, Raygor Readability Estimate, and the Fry Readability Graph ranged from 20.0 to 57.8, 9.7 to 17.1, 10.7 to 15.9, 11.6 to 18.2, 10.9 to 15.0, 8.6 to 16.0, 10.4 to 12.1, 8.5 to 11.8, 10.5 to 17.0, and 10.0 to 17.0, respectively. ANOVA results indicate a significant difference (P < .05) between the websites for each individual assessment. Conclusion The IPEMs found on all otolaryngology association websites exceed the recommended fourth- to sixth-grade reading level.
A provably secure threshold signature scheme based on DDH assumption

Threshold signature is an important cryptographic primitive, which was introduced by Desmedt and Frankel in 1991. In a (t, n) threshold signature scheme, a group secret key is distributed among n parties. Later, any t or more parties can use their shares of secret key to generate valid signatures on behalf of the group, while any t−1 or less parties cannot. Over the past years, many excellent threshold signature schemes have been proposed, but few of them provide the provable security proof. Therefore, in this paper, based on Decisional Diffie–Hellman (DDH) assumption, we present a new (t, n) threshold signature scheme and use the techniques from provable security to analyze its security. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.