Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Multi-Mass Model and Sound Generation of Vocal Fold Oscillation

When a speaker speaks, the vocal fold oscillates, generating a voice. The voice resonating in the vocal tract and in the mouth is converted to speech when the speaker changes the shapes of the mouth and tongue. When the vocal fold oscillates, a voice is generated because the vocal fold oscillation vibrates the air in succession, and the vocal fold oscillation triggers the generation of the fundamental frequency of the vocal fold as well as that of the harmonic sound at the same time. It is not easy to understand these sound generation principles acoustically, however, unless one is equipped with deep knowledge in the fields of physics and acoustics. In this paper, therefore, the vocal fold will be simplified as a multi-mass model, and a way to easily understand the principle that the fundamental frequency and harmonic sound are generated simultaneously by vocal fold oscillation will be presented.When a speaker speaks, the vocal fold oscillates, generating a voice. The voice resonating in the vocal tract and in the mouth is converted to speech when the speaker changes the shapes of the mouth and tongue. When the vocal fold oscillates, a voice is generated because the vocal fold oscillation vibrates the air in succession, and the vocal fold oscillation triggers the generation of the fundamental frequency of the vocal fold as well as that of the harmonic sound at the same time. It is not easy to understand these sound generation principles acoustically, however, unless one is equipped with deep knowledge in the fields of physics and acoustics. In this paper, therefore, the vocal fold will be simplified as a multi-mass model, and a way to easily understand the principle that the fundamental frequency and harmonic sound are generated simultaneously by vocal fold oscillation will be presented.
The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of benzodiazepines appearing as new psychoactive substances

Benzodiazepines are a class of compounds that were initially developed for medicinal purposes. Multiple benzodiazepines have appeared as `new psychoactive substances' on the illicit drug market and have never been developed for medicinal use. Very little pharmacokinetic data exists regarding them. This information is valuable as it allows the prediction and interpretation of their effects in humans and aids with forensic and toxicological work. In this work the lipophilicity (log D7.4), the pKa and the plasma protein binding were determined for benzodiazepines appearing as new psychoactive substances and these were compared to theoretical values from software packages. ACD/I-LAB returned the most accurate values for log D7.4 and plasma protein binding while ADMET Predictor returned the most accurate values for pKa. None of the software packages were able to predict parameters to a su_cient degree of accuracy and in vitro data is currently preferable. An improved relationship to calculate the volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) by using the Oie-Tozer equation, the log D7.4, the pKa and the plasma protein binding of benzodiazepines was developed. The Vdss of benzodiazepines could be predicted to within a 1.11-fold accuracy. The blood to plasma concentration ratios of six benzodiazepines appearing as new psychoactive substances were determined. Despite the small dataset a large variation in ratios was observed, from 0.57 for phenazepam to 1.18 for pyrazolam, highlighting the need for accurate pharmacokinetic data. The metabolic characterisation of illicit compounds is an important aid in toxicological interpretations. This is commonly performed in vitro using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and the choice of cell line is crucial in order to obtain reliable results. The C3A and HepaRG cell lines were characterised with respect to six major phase I metabolic enzymes. HepaRG was shown to have a greater expression of these enzymes and thus have a superior utility in a metabolic study. The metabolism of 12 benzodiazepines appearing as new psychoactive substances was investigated with the HepaRG cell line. Some of the benzodiazepines were observed to have different metabolic pathways to those previously reported. This again highlights the need for accurate experimental data in order to assess the pharmacokinetics of new psychoactive substances.
A systematic review to determine the most promising technique for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Introduction. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. In view of the etiology of DMD, genetic therapies could have great potential for treating DMD patients. We systematically reviewed expe- rimental mdx mouse studies to determine which of the exon-skipping methods led to the most significant reduction in the progression of muscular dystrophy. Methods. We searched the bibliographic database Medline and article reference lists. We compared eligible articles according to various criteria and sorted the articles by the antisense oligonucleotide used. Results. Fourteen articles were identified. We identified significant differences in efficacy of the different antisense oligonucleotide compounds that were used. Discussion. The data suggest that Vivo-Morpholinos are the most promising treatment modality in reducing the progression of muscular dystrophy; this technique overcomes disadvantages of other antisense oligonucleotide compounds. Further research in this area is needed.
Multidetector-row computed tomography to detect coronary artery disease: the importance of heart rate

Atherosclerosis resulting in coronary heart disease is a potentially preventable cause of death. Early non-invasive detection of unstable plaques in the coronary arteries may identify patients at risk for myocardial infarction, who can be aggressively treated to prevent cardiac events. The recent development of high-resolution 64-row CT scanners allows non-invasive high-quality visualization of � 90% of the segments of coronary arteries within a few seconds. In addition, calcified, fibrous, and lipid-laden plaques can be differentiated. Strategies to optimize multidetectorrow computed tomography (MDCT) imaging include careful choice of the reconstruction time point in the cardiac cycle, optimum contrast enhancement, and control of heart rate. When heart rate is . 65 b.p.m. , motion artifacts may compromise image quality. Thus, use of beta-blockers is recommended to control heart rate. Heart rate may also be slower and more consistent when a non-ionic, dimeric, iso-osmolar contrast medium (CM) rather than a hyper-osmolar ionic CM is used for image enhancement. When properly performed, advantages of MDCT for assessing coronary arteries include speed, information on the composition of atherosclerotic plaques, and no need for arterial access or hospitalization. Moreover, unlike angiography, MDCT can assess multiple potential causes of chest pain (heart attack, pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection) simultaneously.
A Dual‐Functional Graphene‐Based Self‐Alarm Health‐Monitoring E‐Skin

Diseases such as cardiovascular problems and sleep apnea cause mass deaths annually due to a lack of timely and portable monitoring and alarm measures. Various wearable devices for health monitoring have been intensely researched to reduce mortality. However, these devices themselves can only detect physiological signals; they cannot sound an alarm. Therefore, they must rely on mobile phones or other peripheral devices such as speakers or vibration motors to sound an alarm, which may result in a patient missing the optimal treatment. It is valuable to develop a self‐alarm health monitoring device with the dual functions of physiological signal detection and sound alarm simultaneously. A one‐step laser‐induced graphene (LIG)‐based electronic skin (E‐skin) is fabricated to perform health monitoring and alarm at the same time, which benefit from its both excellent mechanical and acoustical performance. These customized shutter‐patterned E‐skins have an ultrahigh sensitivity of 316.3 and can detect various biosignals such as wrist pulse, respiratory, etc. They also have a self‐alarm function and can sound an alarm when detecting abnormal situations. This study addresses the multifunctional integration required for multisensors, which will open further applications in wearable sensors and health‐care devices.
Perceptions of Students in Turkish Education Department About Folk Culture Course

Abstract This study aims to analyze the perceptions of students in Turkish Education Department about folk culture classes. The study was conducted among 24 fourth grade students from the Turkish Education Department of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University during the first educational term of 2013-2014.Semi-structured and non-leading interview forms are used as data gathering tools. Data are analyzed using the content analysis technique, and the findings section is constructed under the themes found. At the end of the study, it is revealed that students of Turkish Education Department choose this folk culture subject which is obligatory and given by academicians who are the experts of this field, and contains the elements of this culture (clothes, games, traditions, foods, etc.), as they want to learn about the culture in which they live and also don’t want to be alienated from it.
Effect of Propolis on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation

Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of S. mutans during growth as a biofilm in the presence of different concentrations of propolis. Material and Methods: Three different concentrations of ethanolic extract of propolis (10%, 5%, and 2.5 %) w ere used to evaluate i ts potential to attenuate the biofilm formation of S. mutans (ATCC 25175) on microplates. A crystal violet staining method was performed to measure the optical density (OD) of the biofilm biomass after 3 h and 18 h time periods. All the experiments were performed in triplicate, and the obtained data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. A two-tailed Student’s t-test was used to determine the different abilities of biofilm formation between the treated and control groups of the bacteria film in the presence of propolis. A p-value of 0.05) to those of the control ( S. mutans grown in tryptic soy broth + 1% sucrose ) . Conclusion: A ll the tested concentrations of propolis added to the growth medium did not inhibit the biofilm formation of S. mutans . Since biofilms consist of bacterial cells and extracellular matrices , we hypothesize that the extracellular matrix may have interfered with the antimicrobial properties of the tested propolis.
Effect of Adding the Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), to Date Syrup on Glycemic Response and its Effectiveness to Reduce Post Prandial Blood Glucose

The date palm care, Algeria an important place in agriculture. The date is known for its richness in various nutrients such as sugars, minerals, and fiber. The aim of this research is to develop a syrup from the dates and spirulina with a low glycaemic index for use by the obese and diabetics. Spirulina, described as "the richest food in the world", is a true protein concentrate (70%). Syrup was manufactured from the Ghars cultivar by diffusion method at 80 °C for 24 hours followed by concentration at 60°C. To this syrup 1 to 2% of spirulina was added. The study subjects were seventeen healthy volunteers. Each subject was tested on separate days with 50 g of glucose, 50 g equivalent of available carbohydrates from the Ghars cultivar, pure date syrup, and the syrup supplemented with spirulina (1% and 2%). The mean glycemic indexes were between 43.40±9.74, 61.51±10.98. There is statistically significant difference in the GI between Ghars cultivars and the dates syrups, ANOVA; (F calculated = 15,07 , F theoretical = 4.96 ) and there is no statistically significant difference between pure syrup and spirulina supplemented syrups (F calculated = 0,11, F theoretical = 4,96). The determined glycemic load for the spirulina supplemented syrup was 20.01±4.65 and 19.7±4.48, for 1% and 2% respectively, thereby classifying them as average glycemic load foods. The results show low GI for spirulina supplemented syrup. These findings point to the potential benefits of these products for diabetic subjects when used in a healthy balanced diet.
Perforation of the left atrium and aortic bulb two years after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect Perforacja lewego przedsionka oraz opuszki aorty dwa lata po przezskórnym zamknięciu ubytku w przegrodzie międzyprzedsionkowej

Non-surgical closure of the atrial septal defect (ASD) is an effective and safe method of treatment and major complications are rare. The paper reported a case of female with ischaemic heart disease, 2 years after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect using CARDIA Closure Device. She was admitted to the Department of Cardiac Surgery for CABG procedure. During operation we found perforation of the left atrium and aortic bulb caused by the CARDIA Closure Device's arms. This changed the extent of the planned procedure and forced the surgeon to perform an extensive, atypical heart operation finally complicated by death. Based on presented case, we believe that indications for coronary angiography before planned percutaneous ASD should be extended. Patients with an implanted occluder who require heart surgery for any reasons should undergo a computed tomography or magnetic reso- nance imaging scan to assess all artificial devices and their relation to anatomical structures and heart chambers.
Children's nurses' experiences of caring for dying children in hospital

The retrospective experiences of 44 children's nurses who had cared for children dying in hospital were investigated using questionnaires, focus group and individual interviews. The findings indicate that nurses experienced a sense of guilt and failure following the death of a child, despite having no rational explanation to justify these feelings. Nurses reported that their role as care-givers, when a child was dying, focused on both the care given to the child, as well as the emotional support given to the grieving parents, who were preparing for the eventual death of the child. The study highlights the difficulty that nurses encounter when trying to foster hope with parents who are struggling to come to terms with impending death. It also identifies the limited support available for those who are emotionally affected when a child they have cared for dies in hospital.
Treatment methods for natural wind pressure in mines with zonal ventilation system with diagonal branches — a case study of Wudong Coal Mine

ABSTRACT Exploring the countermeasures for natural wind pressure in mines with zonal ventilation system with diagonal branches is of great significance for the safe and efficient production of such mines. In this study, we took Wudong Coal Mine as the research object. First, we explored the distribution law of the natural wind pressure (NWP) in the mine through field measurement. Second, we quantitatively analyzed the branches sensitive to NWP based on the theory for determination of key NWP influencing area in combination with the on-site measurement data. At last, we designed the scheme to control NWP from the perspectives of increasing overall resistance, forming pressure difference between the north and south areas and reducing the sensitivity of sensitive branches, and on-site implemented the scheme. Our research and on-site implementation results showed that the +400 m main rail tunnel and the 400–425 uphill rail are NWP sensitive branches. The mechanical wind pressure weakens the sensitivity of the +400 m main rail tunnel to NWP in the vernal equinox, summer solstice, and winter solstice, but enhances the sensitivity of the +400 m main rail tunnel to NWP in autumnal equinox and the sensitivity of the 400–450 uphill rail to NWP over the year. The greater the wind resistance is, the more obvious the effect. After adjusting the mine ventilation system according to the designed scheme, the adverse impacts of NWP on Wudong Coal Mine were effectively relieved, ensuring the safe and efficient production of the mine.
The Relationship between Primary Extrauterine Adenosarcoma and the Secondary Müllerian System: Report of a Unique Case Demonstrating Histologic Transition between Benign and Malignant Elements and a Review of the Literature

Background: Extrauterine adenosarcomata are thought to arise from pre-existing foci of endometriosis. In 1925 Sampson proposed three criteria for a definitive diagnosis of malignancy arising in endometriosis: (1) histological evidence of endometriosis in close proximity to the tumour; (2) no other identifiable primary site of malignancy; and (3) histological appearance of the tumour compatible with an origin in endometriosis. In 1953 Scott added a fourth criterion (4) requiring contiguous histological transition of benign endometriosis merging with the malignant component. Case Report: We report an unusual and unique case of extrauterine mullerian adenosarcoma which fulfills both Sampson’s and Scott’s criteria and review the literature on extrauterine adenosarcoma and their relationship with the extended mullerian system. We also demonstrate that lymph node “metastases” of adenosarcoma may arise from pre-existing endometriosis.
Benefits of an integrated cardiology and sleep clinic in reductions of health-care costs

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for a large percentage of emergency room visits (ERVs), hospital admissions (HAs), and subsequent cardiac Intensive Care Unit admissions (CICUAs). CVD is still the number one killer in the Western and emerging countries and consumes the majority of health-care dollars. According to a recent report, the USA will reach $818.1 billion a year in CVD care by the year 2030; this is triple of spending for 2013–2014. We analyzed two types of cardiology care (CC) over a 20-year period: strictly CC and compared this to combined, integrated cardiology and sleep medicine (ICSM) care and looked at clinic-based costs of health-care delivery. In 2002, Chanwell Clinic with the assistance of Stanford Sleep Medicine built one of the America's first ICSM under one roof. The consequences of undiagnosed, untreated sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to worsening CVD, sudden cardiac deaths, and malignancies of all kinds have been published. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 4550 patients under strict CC for the number of ERVs, HAs, CICUAs, and invasive cardiac surgical procedures (ICS) from 1993 to 2002 and prospectively tracked 8426 patients of HAs, ERV, CICUA, and ICS under ICSM for the years 2004–2013. Results: A single CC practice that transitions to ICSM resulted in over $21 million or 73% reduction of CV health-care over a 10-year period. Diagnosis and treatment of SDB, OSA common, in CVD resulted in marked reductions of ERV, HA, CICUA, and ICS; all are drivers of an ever-escalating financial burden of CV care. Conclusion: A single CC practice that transitions to ICSM resulted in over $21 million or 73% reduction of CV health-care cost over a 10-year period. The ICSM practice model when implemented on 27,000 cardiologists and cardiology practices nationwide could drastically slow down the rising cost of health care even with the enactment of Affordable Care Act and could make Medicare sustainable over a longer period beyond 2029; the year when Medicare is projected to be insolvent (Congressional Research Service, July 2013).
Micromagnetic analysis of magnetization reversal in Fe77.5Si7.5B15 amorphous glass-coated nanowires

A micromagnetic model based on the finite element method (FEM) is proposed in order to investigate the specific role of the magnetoelastic anisotropy in the axial magnetization reversal process of highly magnetostrictive amorphous glass-coated nanowires with cylindrical symmetry, prepared by means of rapid quenching from the melt. Using a radially distributed magnetoelastic anisotropy term, we demonstrate that both the magnitude and the shape of the anisotropy distribution affect the value of their nucleation field, and, in well-defined cases, of their switching field. The analysis provides a good explanation framework for the characteristics of magnetic bistability in magnetostrictive glass-coated amorphous nanowires, enhancing the potential applicability of these novel ferromagnetic amorphous nanosized materials.A micromagnetic model based on the finite element method (FEM) is proposed in order to investigate the specific role of the magnetoelastic anisotropy in the axial magnetization reversal process of highly magnetostrictive amorphous glass-coated nanowires with cylindrical symmetry, prepared by means of rapid quenching from the melt. Using a radially distributed magnetoelastic anisotropy term, we demonstrate that both the magnitude and the shape of the anisotropy distribution affect the value of their nucleation field, and, in well-defined cases, of their switching field. The analysis provides a good explanation framework for the characteristics of magnetic bistability in magnetostrictive glass-coated amorphous nanowires, enhancing the potential applicability of these novel ferromagnetic amorphous nanosized materials.
Academic Exposure to Benefits of Physical Fitness Does Not Give Medical Students an Edge over Students from Non-Health-Related Disciplines

Undergraduate study imposes rigorous study regimes, which may compromise engagement in physical activities among students. This study compares physical fitness parameters between students from medical and non-health-related programs. The VO2max, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) were assessed in 80 men aged 18–25 years who performed the shuttle run test (SRT). HR and BP were measured before and after the SRT; HR was also measured during the test. A t-test was performed to compare the mean VO2max and baseline and recovery period measurements between groups and by the year of study (first or fourth). Fourth-year medical students had a higher baseline HR than those from other disciplines (p = 0.02). First-year medical students had a higher VO2max than their fourth-year counterparts (p = 0.02). Medical students had a higher HR after the sixth (p = 0.02) and seventh (p = 0.03) minutes of the SRT. Further, the medical students had a higher diastolic BP in the first (p = 0.03) and second (p = 0.02) minutes after exhaustion. Medical students have poorer fitness levels than students from non-health-related disciplines. This is possibly because the intense academic rigor prevents them from engaging in regular exercise.
Adolescents' experiences of maltreatment within the family: challenges for family nursing

The purpose of this study was to analyse and describe the experiences of adolescents who had been maltreated by their parents in childhood. Child maltreatment was defined as physical, psychological or sexual abuse or neglect caused by parents or other primary caregivers of the child. Data were collected from seven adolescents, aged 14–19 years, who had been maltreated within their family of origin for many years. Interviews employed broad themes pertaining to family life, maltreatment experiences and the family's strengths and problems. The data were analysed by qualitative content analysis. The analysis resulted in a description of the adolescents' experiences of maltreatment and of the consequences of maltreatment as perceived by the young people themselves. The consequences included connections between maltreatment and family life and direct consequences for the adolescents themselves. These results aid our understanding of child maltreatment and its manifestations from the viewpoint of adolescents within the family. An improved understanding of their views should make it possible to develop nursing care of these children and their families as part of multidisciplinary work. The role of nursing is central to this work, because one of the goals of nursing is to improve the well-being of families and individuals. However, further research is still needed to add to our knowledge of child maltreatment from the adolescents' viewpoint.