Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Network Security for Cyber–Physical Systems: From Threats to Resilient Design

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are considered the integration of physical systems in the real world and control software in computing systems. In CPS, the real world and the computing systems are connected through networks with real-time information exchange. The introduction of networking technologies in CPS has substantial advantages in terms of system efficiency, scalability, maintenance, and many more. However, CPS are vulnerable to malicious attackers intruding on the network. The attackers aim to destroy the physical systems with cyber-physical attacks, in which the main objective is to remotely cause malfunctions in physical systems through networks. Therefore, extensive research on cyber-physical security has been conducted to detect cyber-physical attacks and guarantee the stability of the physical systems under cyber-physical attacks. In this survey, we conduct an exhaustive review of the literature on threats to CPS and on resilient CPS design strategies. First, we discuss the structure of CPS, considering physical dynamics, computing systems, and networks. Then, we provide a taxonomy of cyber-physical attacks with three properties (attack space, attack location, and stealthiness). These three attributes represent the requirements for the implementation of cyber-physical attacks. We review existing studies on anomaly-detection strategies against cyber-physical attacks in terms of physics, networks, and machine learning techniques. Moreover, we analyze the impact of typical cyber-physical attacks and the constraints on attack implementations. In particular, for each of the well-established cyber-physical attacks, we present numerical examples that clearly illustrate the time responses of the physical systems with a conventional physics-based anomaly detector. We also review advances in the typical cyber-physical attacks and the detection methods for these attacks. Furthermore, we review resilient CPS designs in the context of control theory, network management, and data-driven technologies. We conclude the survey by identifying future research directions.
An introduction to technological tools and process of Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM)

Heritage Building Information Modelling (or HBIM) is a multi-disciplinary process and a promising tool for the management and documentation of heritage structures. HBIM can record the significant historic events that have taken place in the built environment and is used to track the aging process of the built asset. However, the digital re-construction procedures for HBIM development associated with historic buildings are very challenging: the objects of the historic models consist of components whose heterogeneous, complex, and irregular characteristics and morphologies are not represented in the existing BIM software libraries. Unlike conventional BIM workflows for new constructions, the tried and tested tools and methods must be adapted, and even reinvented, for HBIM applications. This article introduces the basic concept of HBIM, a set of technological tools of data capture for HBIM model development, and a feasible HBIM workflow.
Archosauriform remains from the Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation of Brazil

ABSTRACT Early Triassic archosauriform remains are often related to the Proterosuchidae and the Erythrosuchidae, common stem-archosaurs in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction event. South American proterosuchid remains are rare, with only a few specimens from the Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation briefly mentioned in literature. The Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation has a growing fossil record, thus far composed of procolophonids, temnospondyls, and early-branching archosauromorphs. In this work, new materials referred to cf. Chasmatosuchus and cf. Proterosuchus (Archosauriformes) are described, representing the first conclusive archosauriform records from the Lower Triassic of Brazil. Proterosuchids are among the stratigraphically oldest Archosauriformes, with their earliest unambiguous occurrences coming from the uppermost Permian of Russia. This clade is widely spread among well-explored Lower Triassic formations, flourishing during the recovery phase from the end-Permian mass extinction. The presence of non-archosaurian archosauriforms in southwestern Gondwana reinforces the rapid diversification of archosauromorphs during the Early Triassic. The Sanga do Cabral Formation fossil assemblage is becoming important for understanding how the initial adaptive radiation of archosauromorphs took place.
Acceptability of CBT via the internet for cessation benzodiazepine use

Introduction and Aims: Long-term use of benzodiazepines remains common, and conveys significant risk. Providing psychological intervention in association with gradual dose reduction increases cessation rates above dose reduction alone, but appropriate psychological support is difficult to obtain. This study was undertaken to assess the outcomes of an uncontrolled case series of an internet-based cognitive-behaviour therapy (I-CBT) for benzodiazepine cessation. Design and Method: Users of benzodiazepines for > 3 months who wanted to reduce or cease benzodiazepines participated in the trial. They completed online assessments and accessed 13 newsletters on managing withdrawal symptoms and developing alternate ways to cope with life events. Therapist assistance was provided by email. Follow-up was at 3 and 6 months and feedback was obtained via comments and emails. Results : Program ratings and emailed comments of the program were positive. Thirty-two people registered for the program and 14 (44%) completed a 6-month follow-up. Of these, 8 (57%) reduced weekly intake by at least half, including 5 (36%) who ceased use. Shorter duration of use and birth outside Australia predicted greater percentage reductions at 3 months, while being partnered and in paid employment predicted reductions at 6 months. Discussion and Conclusion : While results were encouraging, controlled research is required to confirm the efficacy of the program, and engagement of both users and prescribers needs further attention. using benzodiazepines without sustained success. Materials were hosted on a secure university website. A linked site provided information on cessation of benzodiazepines for benzodiazepine users (BzUs) and GPs. Participants were encouraged to talk to their GP before they changed benzodiazepine dosages, and were asked to keep their GP informed of their progress. An initial newsletter provided guidelines on raising the issue of benzodiazepine cessation with their GP, instructions on planning a slow, tapering regime, and worksheets to record total daily intake and adherence to the plan. Information on withdrawal symptoms was also given.
Validating a Major Quantitative Trait Locus and Predicting Candidate Genes Associated With Kernel Width Through QTL Mapping and RNA-Sequencing Technology Using Near-Isogenic Lines in Maize

Kernel size is an important agronomic trait for grain yield in maize. The purpose of this study was to validate a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), qKW-1, which was identified in the F2 and F2:3 populations from a cross between the maize inbred lines SG5/SG7 and to predict candidate genes for kernel width (KW) in maize. A major QTL, qKW-1, was mapped in multiple environments in our previous study. To validate and fine map qKW-1, near-isogenic lines (NILs) with 469 individuals were developed by continuous backcrossing between SG5 as the donor parent and SG7 as the recurrent parent. Marker-assisted selection was conducted from the BC2F1 generation with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers near qKW-1. A secondary linkage map with four markers, PLK12, PLK13, PLK15, and PLK17, was developed and used for mapping the qKW-1 locus. Finally, qKW-1 was mapped between the PLK12 and PLK13 intervals, with a distance of 2.23 cM to PLK12 and 0.04 cM to PLK13, a confidence interval of 5.3 cM and a phenotypic contribution rate of 23.8%. The QTL mapping result obtained was further validated by using selected overlapping recombinant chromosomes on the target segment of maize chromosome 3. Transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 12 out of 45 protein-coding genes differentially expressed between the two parents were detected in the identified qKW-1 physical interval by blasting with the Zea_Mays_B73 v4 genome. GRMZM2G083176 encodes the Niemann–Pick disease type C, and GRMZM2G081719 encodes the nitrate transporter 1 (NRT1) protein. The two genes GRMZM2G083176 and GRMZM2G081719 were predicted to be candidate genes of qKW-1. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation was conducted, and the results provide further proof of the two candidate genes most likely responsible for qKW-1. The work will not only help to understand the genetic mechanisms of KW in maize but also lay a foundation for further cloning of promising loci.
A Transcription Factor Signature Can Identify the CMS4 Subtype and Stratify the Prognostic Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, and current classification systems are insufficient for stratifying patients with different risks. This study aims to develop a generalized, individualized prognostic consensus molecular subtype (CMS)-transcription factors (TFs)-based signature that can predict the prognosis of CRC. Methods We obtained differentially expressed TF signature and target genes between the CMS4 and other CMS subtypes of CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A multi-dimensional network inference integrative analysis was conducted to identify the master genes and establish a CMS4-TFs-based signature. For validation, an in-house clinical cohort (n = 351) and another independent public CRC cohort (n = 565) were applied. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and prediction of immune cell infiltration were performed to interpret the biological significance of the model. Results A CMS4-TFs-based signature termed TF-9 that includes nine TF master genes was developed. Patients in the TF-9 high-risk group have significantly worse survival, regardless of clinical characteristics. The TF-9 achieved the highest mean C-index (0.65) compared to all other signatures reported (0.51 to 0.57). Immune infiltration revealed that the microenvironment in the high-risk group was highly immune suppressed, as evidenced by the overexpression of TIM3, CD39, and CD40, suggesting that high-risk patients may not directly benefit from the immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusions The TF-9 signature allows a more precise categorization of patients with relevant clinical and biological implications, which may be a valuable tool for improving the tailoring of therapeutic interventions in CRC patients.
Rationale and Design of the ISOLATION Study: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study Identifying Predictors for Successful Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in an Integrated Clinical Care and Research Pathway

Introduction Continuous progress in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation techniques has led to an increasing number of procedures with improved outcome. However, about 30–50% of patients still experience recurrences within 1 year after their ablation. Comprehensive translational research approaches integrated in clinical care pathways may improve our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of AF and improve patient selection for AF ablation. Objectives Within the “IntenSive mOlecular and eLectropathological chAracterization of patienTs undergoIng atrial fibrillatiOn ablatioN” (ISOLATION) study, we aim to identify predictors of successful AF ablation in the following domains: (1) clinical factors, (2) AF patterns, (3) anatomical characteristics, (4) electrophysiological characteristics, (5) circulating biomarkers, and (6) genetic background. Herein, the design of the ISOLATION study and the integration of all study procedures into a standardized pathway for patients undergoing AF ablation are described. Methods ISOLATION (NCT04342312) is a two-center prospective cohort study including 650 patients undergoing AF ablation. Clinical characteristics and routine clinical test results will be collected, as well as results from the following additional diagnostics: determination of body composition, pre-procedural rhythm monitoring, extended surface electrocardiogram, biomarker testing, genetic analysis, and questionnaires. A multimodality model including a combination of established predictors and novel techniques will be developed to predict ablation success. Discussion In this study, several domains will be examined to identify predictors of successful AF ablation. The results may be used to improve patient selection for invasive AF management and to tailor treatment decisions to individual patients.
Dynamic Shear-Lag Model for Stress Transfer in Piezoelectric Transducer Bonded to Plate

Crawley and Luis (“Use of Piezoelectric Actuators as Elements of Intelligent Structures,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 25, No. 10, 1987, pp. 1373–1385) presented in the year 1987 a classic one-dimensional (1.
A high power supply rejection LDO with feed-forward ripple cancellation

In this design, a 0.35um BCD process is used to design a high power supply rejection ratio LDO with feed-forward ripple elimination. By analyzing the power supply noise interference, a feed-forward ripple elimination circuit is used to reduce the power supply noise on the output. In order to ensure that the LDO has a high power supply rejection ratio in a wide load range, the output voltage of the LDO is 1.8V, the input voltage range is 2.5V to 5V, the load current range is 0 to 20mA, and the quiescent current is less than 80μA. The simulation results show that when the input voltage is 5V, the PSRR at low frequency at no load is 114dB, and the PSRR at 10 kHz is 77dB; when the load is 20mA, the PSRR at low frequency is 104dB, and the PSRR at 10 kHz is 72dB.
Cultivating Critical Thinking in Literature Classroom Through Poetry

Aim. The development of learners' CT is considered to be one of the most important skills in today’s fast pacing world. It has also been regarded as the mainstay of and an important component of literature teaching. However, this is one of those areas that was overlooked mainly in eastern culture in general and in the EFL classrooms in particular. Methods. To this end, to foster learners' critical thinking skills, a poetry program was specifically designed to draw learners’ attention towards the significance of CT. Through a case study approach, a poetry program with a focus on culture-specific information was incorporated into the course. Four female students were engaged in a number of tasks in which they gradually learned to think critically through reflecting on and evaluating the assigned poems. A checklist was generated and used to observe and rate students’ CT before and after the intervention through teacher diaries. Results and conclusion. Analysis of the case study data indicated that students’ CT had improved and they developed good critical habits as a result of their involvement in the intervention. Thus, it was concluded that poetry could be regarded as a useful and effective source for developing critical thinking skills among students.
Development of an Automotive Anti-Roll Bar: A Review

In this study, understanding between the operation and mechanism of an automotive anti-roll bar is reviewed. Design consideration of the automotive anti-roll bar is studied from past researchers with the summarized of current invention of automotive anti- roll bar. In development of the automotive anti-roll bar, interaction between design elements such as material, function analysis, forces analysis, failure analysis and geometry specifications are essentially need to be considered in development of it without affecting its conventional function and achieve the performance target. The potential of the fibre reinforced composite such as natural fibre is likely to be the next future generation of automotive anti-roll bar. Considerations of the aforementioned design elements would help design engineers to outcome the challenges in design of composite materials. The inventions that patented by the past inventors would help as a guide.
Innovative Techniques in Comparator Designs

This paper presents four innovative designs of comparators proposed these years. A latch-type dynamic bias adds a tail capacitor to prevent fully discharging at the pre-amplifier output nodes to reduce energy consumption. The comparator is analysed and then compared with floating inverter amplifier (FIA) type. The pre-amplifier of the FIA type adopts an inverter-based input pair by a floating reservoir capacitor, greatly boosting gm/Id and improving the energy efficiency. The edge-pursuit comparator (EPC) provides a new perspective when designing comparators. According to the input difference, it will automatically adjust the comparison energy, avoiding wasting unnecessary energy spent on coarse comparison. Finally, for the edge-race comparator (ERC), it further improves the performance of saving energy and addressing the relatively long comparison time in the EPC.
Activity-Aware Fall Detection and Recognition Based on Wearable Sensors

Falling is a severe hazard among older adults. Fall treatment is considered to be one of the most costly treatments, which usually extends to a long time. One bad fall can cause severe injuries that may lead to permanent disability or even death. Therefore, an efficient and cost-effective fall monitoring system is exceptionally indispensable. With the advancement in technology, wearable sensors and systems provide a lucrative way to continuously monitor the elderly people for detecting any fall incident that may occur. Most of these wearable fall monitoring systems focus only on detecting a fall incident. However, to avoid the risk of any future fall, it is essential to be aware of the cause of a fall incident also. Therefore, to address this challenge, a wearable sensor-based continuous fall monitoring system is proposed in this paper, which is capable of detecting a fall and identifying the falling pattern and the activity associated with the fall incident. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated with a series of experiments using three machine learning algorithms, namely, $k$ -nearest neighbors (KNNs), support vector machine, and random forest (RF). The proposed methodology achieved the highest accuracy for fall detection, i.e., 99.80%, using KNNs classifier, whereas the highest accuracy achieved in recognizing different falling activities is 96.82% using RF classifier.
RAC3 Inhibition Induces Autophagy to Impair Metastasis in Bladder Cancer Cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Background Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most frequent malignant tumors globally, with a significant morbidity and mortality rate. Gene expression dysregulation has been proven to play a critical role in tumorigenesis. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate3 (RAC3), which is overexpressed in several malignancies and promotes tumor progression, has been identified as an oncogene. However, RAC3 has important but not fully understood biological functions in cancer. Our research aims to reveal the new functions and potential mechanisms of RAC3 involved in BCa progression. Methods We explored the expression level of RAC3 and its relationship with prognosis by publicly accessible BCa datasets, while the correlation of RAC3 expression with clinicopathological variables of patients was analyzed. In vitro and in vivo proliferation, migration, autophagy, and other phenotypic changes were examined by constructing knockdown(KD)/overexpression(OE) RAC3 cells and their association with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was explored by adding autophagy-related compounds. Results Compared with non-tumor samples, RAC3 was highly expressed in BCa and negatively correlated with prognosis. KD/OE RAC3 inhibited/promoted the proliferation and migration of BCa cells. Knockdown RAC3 caused cell cycle arrest and decreased adhesion without affecting apoptosis. Inhibition of RAC3 activates PI3K/AKT/mTOR mediated autophagy and inhibits proliferation and migration of BCa cells in vivo and in vitro. Autophagy inhibitor 3MA can partially rescue the metastasis and proliferation inhibition effect caused by RAC3 inhibition. Inhibit/activate mTOR enhanced/impaired autophagy, resulting in shRAC3-mediated migration defect exacerbated/rescued. Conclusion RAC3 is highly expressed in BCa. It is associated with advanced clinicopathological variables and poor prognosis. Knockdown RAC3 exerts an antitumor effect by enhancing PI3K/AKT/mTOR mediated autophagy. Targeting RAC3 and autophagy simultaneously is a potential therapeutic strategy for inhibiting BCa progression and prolonging survival.
PAI/MRI Visualization of Tumor Derived Cellular Microvesicles with Endogenous Biopolymer Nanoparticles Modification

Background Tumor derived cellular microvesicles (TDMVs), as excellent drug delivery vehicles in vivo, play an important role in the treatment of cancers. However, it is difficult to obtain intuitional biodistribution behavior and internalization mechanisms of TDMVs in vivo. Thus, it is very urgent and important to establish a stable and reliable visualization technology to track the biological behavior and function of TDMVs. As an endogenous biopolymer, melanin possesses natural biocompatibility and biodegradability, and various biological imaging could be realized by modifying it. Therefore, melanin-based nanoparticles are excellent candidates for in vivo visualization of TDMVs. Methods In this work, the biodistribution and metabolic behavior of TDMVs were visualized by dual-modality imaging with PAI and MRI after incubation with gadolinium ion-chelated melanin nanoparticles. Results In this study, MRI and PAI dual-modality imaging of the in vivo distribution behavior of TDMVs was achieved with the help of MNP-Gd. The good targeting ability of TDMVs at the homologous tumor site was observed, and their distribution and metabolism behavior in the whole body were studied at the meantime. The results indicated that TDMVs preferentially accumulated in syngeneic tumor sites and liver regions after intravenous injection and were eventually metabolized by the kidneys over time. Conclusion This work proposed a novel dual-modal imaging strategy for the visualization of TDMVs, which is of great significance for further understanding the biological mechanisms of extracellular vesicles.
Approaching a Zero-Waste Strategy in Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Exploitation: Sustainably Approaching Bio-Based Polyethylene Composites

The current need to develop more sustainable processes and products requires the study of new materials. In the field of plastic materials, the need to develop 100% bio-based materials that meet market requirements is evident. In this sense, the present work aims to explore the potential of rapeseed waste as a reinforcement of a bio-based plastic matrix that does not generate new sub-waste. For this purpose, three types of processing of rapeseed residues have been studied: (i) milling; (ii) mechanical process; (iii) thermomechanical process. In addition, the reinforcing capacity of these materials, together with the need for an optimized coupling agent at 6 wt. %, has been verified. The micromechanics of the materials have been evaluated to determine the development of these fibers in the composite material. The results obtained show remarkable increases in mechanical properties, reaching more than 141% in tensile strength and 128% in flexural strength. There is a remarkable difference in the impact behavior between the materials with milled rapeseed and the fibers obtained by mechanical or thermomechanical processes. It was found that by sustainable design it is possible to achieve a 76.2% reduction in the amount of plastic used to manufacture material with the same mechanical properties.