Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PCRpro¢ling ofammonia-oxidizer communities inacidic soils subjected tonitrogenand sulphurdeposition

Communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were characterized in two acidic soil sites experimentally subjected to varying levels of nitrogen and sulphur deposition. The sites were an acidic spruce forest soil in Deepsyke, Southern Scotland, with low background deposition, and a nitrogen-saturated upland grass heath in Pwllpeiran, North Wales. Betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizer 16S rRNA and ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes were analysed by cloning, sequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). DGGE profiles of amoA and 16S rRNA gene fragments from Deepsyke soil in 2002 indicated no effect of nitrogen deposition on AOB communities, which contained both Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosospira. In 2003, only Nitrosospira could be detected, and no amoA sequences could be retrieved. These results indicate a decrease in the relative abundance of AOB from the year 2002 to 2003 in Deepsyke soil, which may be the result of the exceptionally low rainfall in spring 2003. Nitrosospira-related sequences from Deepsyke soil grouped in all clusters, including cluster 1, which typically contains only sequences from marine environments. In Pwllpeiran soil, 16S rRNA gene libraries were dominated by nonammonia oxidizers and no amoA sequences were detectable. This indicates that autotrophic AOB play only a minor role in these soils even at high nitrogen deposition.
How Knowledge Inertia Influences Intent to Leave at Managerial Level in Organizations: Moderating Role of Tenure

Research Article Purpose – The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of knowledge inertia in the intent to leave at the managerial levels of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This will help us understand the role of experience inertia and learning inertia in the behavior of managers. Furthermore, the influence of tenure on the development of knowledge inertia is investigated as a control variable.
The Handbook of Multilevel Theory, Measurement, and Analysis

As research on social networks has grown expo­ nentially over the past few decades (Borgatti & Halgin, 2011), social network theory has become an important theoretical paradigm in many social sciences disciplines and beyond (Borgatti, Mehra, Brass, & Labianca, 2009). Within organizational research, social network theory has been used to understand and explain a wide range of managerial and organizational phenomena, including individual creativity, ethical behavior, career mobility, tech­ nology adoption and organizational innovation, profitability, and market­entry choices (see Brass, Galaskiewicz, Greve, & Tsai, 2004, for a review). A core insight from network research is that social actors, whether individuals or collectives (e.g., work teams or organizations), are connected via social relationships, and the qualities and patterning of these ties influence actor behavior and outcomes, and the evolution of the ties and networks them­ selves (Brass et al., 2004). A primary reason for the growth of social network research is that the tools of network analysis can be applied to phenomena at any level of analysis, including individuals, groups, business units, firms, industries, and countries (Wasserman & Faust, 1994). As long as the analyst can conceptualize the phenomenon of interest as a network—a system of nodes in which some nodes are connected to other nodes by a particular type of relationship—then the tools of network analysis and social network theory may be brought to bear. Although this conceptual and methodological flexibility has contributed to a rapid increase in social network research within different levels of analysis, research across levels of analysis is almost nonexistent. This lacuna is surprising given the multilevel, embedded nature of organizational networks. Nodes in organizational social networks can be individuals or collectives, such as teams, departments, divisions, subsidiaries, and organizations. These nodes represent nested systems because organizations are multilevel systems of relationships (Hitt, Beamish, Jackson, & Mathieu, 2007). Nodes at lower levels of analysis are, at least partially, nested in higher level collectives, and these collectives are themselves networks of nodes at lower levels of analysis (Harary & Batell, 1981). For example, individuals are nested in teams, which can vary in the pattern of social ties among their members. Teams are nested in organizational units, such as departments, which consist of teams that are professionally connected to one another. Organizations themselves are embedded in networks of interorganizational relationships, such as strategic alliances, which can vary in the connectedness of organizational members. Despite their inherent multilevel nature, most research has ignored this aspect of organizational social networks and how it may influence phenomena of interest (Lomi, Robins, & Tranmer, 2016).
Energy of the Particle Falling onto the Surface of the Gravastar

The particle falling onto the surface of the gravastar is considered. It is studied the problem of convertation of the liberated gravitational binding energy of the particle into radiated photon and the problem of the decay of the proton. It is shown that the heat energy (gravitational binding energy) of the particle is balanced by the gravitational energy of the particle, and the energy of the particle is equal to the rest mass of the particle. The particle has not energy to radiate the photon. The probability of the decay of the proton is negligible. A toy model of the particle with the split energy (high and low level modes) is considered. The energy of the proton in the high level mode is rather large to ensure the efficient decay of the proton. The electron in the high level mode can convert half the liberated gravitational binding energy into radiated photon.
Patterns of woody plant species abundance and diversity in the seedling layer of a tropical forest

Abstract Questions: 1. How does the composition and diversity of established seedlings compare to that of larger size classes in tropical forests? 2. How do species abundances in the seedling layer vary with adult abundance and life history strategies? Location: Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. Methods: We inventoried woody seedlings ≥ 20 cm tall and < 1 cm DBH in ca. 20 000 1-m2 quadrats within the BCI 50-ha Forest Dynamics Plot, where all trees and shrubs ≥ 1 cm DBH have been identified. We compared diversity and composition of seedlings to that of larger size classes and tested whether adult abundance, growth form, and shade tolerance contributed to variation in seedling abundance among species. Results: We encountered 60056 seedlings of 332 tree, shrub, and liana species. Diversity of tree seedlings was lower than that of trees ≥ 1 cm DBH. Species abundances in the seedling layer increased non-linearly with reproductive adult abundance, such that per capita seedling abundance declined with adult abundance. Per capita seedling abundance was highest for canopy tree species and lowest for understorey trees. For canopy trees, shade-tolerant species had significantly higher per capita seedling abundance than more light-demanding species. Conclusions: The woody seedling layer on BCI is composed of a subset of the species present in larger size classes. Most species were present in less than 1% of seedling plots, suggesting strong recruitment limitation. Tree species abundance in the seedling layer is largely a function of reproductive adult abundance, but is also influenced by life history strategies and compensatory processes. Nomenclature: Correa et al. (2004).
Examining the Effect of Structural Priming on Three Different Populations: Spanish Native Speakers, Spanish L2 Learners, and Spanish Heritage Speakers

The importance of input in language acquisition processes has been widely discussed in the literature (e.g., Bybee, 2008; Genesee & Nicoladis, 2006). However, how that input is processed by different types of speakers (e.g., native speakers or L2 speakers) and how it influences subsequent linguistic production is not yet clear (e.g., Byalistok, 1991; Clahsen & Felser, 2006; Hartsuiker & Bernolet, 2017). A phenomenon that could shed some light on this issue is structural priming (also known as syntactic priming). Structural priming refers to the tendency of speakers to use a structure that was previously heard or read (Bock, 1986). Different models have been proposed to explain the nature of structural priming. On the one hand, activation models suggest that when speakers process a sentence they hear or read, a lemma is activated and it is later reused in production (Pickering & Branigan, 1998; Kaschak & Glenberg, 2004). The activation of the syntactic structure is thus what drives priming, according to this account. On the other hand, implicit learning models suggest that when speakers hear or read a sentence, they implicitly extract probabilistic information and create structural associations, which lead to the production of similar syntactic structures. (Chang, Dell, Bock & Griffin, 2000; Chang, Dell & Bock, 2006). More recent proposals have suggested that activation and learning go hand in hand in the priming process. Reitter, Keller, and Moore (2011) claim that short-term priming could be activation-based and long-term priming could be learning-based. Structural priming was first accounted for in monolingual native speakers, although further studies have examined this phenomenon in different types of speakers, contexts, modalities, and also in the long-term. More recently, there has been an interest in this phenomenon in Second Language Acquisition and Bilingualism (see Jackson, 2018 for a review). If structural priming operates in L2 acquisition, it has the potential to be exploited as a valuable pedagogical tool to help L2 learners advance in their acquisition and production of the L2. On the other hand, examining how heritage speakers respond to structural priming both immediately and in the long-term could shed some light on how these speakers process language. This latter is a fundamental question in language processing
The Use of Javanese Traditional Games as Learning Media of Writing Javanese Script in The Elementary School

According to the results of the field observations, many elementary school students in Central Java still had difficulty in reading and writing Javanese script. It was caused by teachers’ tendency to use the teacher-centered approach in teaching. This approach led the students into being passive. They also felt bored during the learning process. Besides, the use of a teacher-centered approach created one-way learning which was unable to trigger students’ critical thinking. Based on the finding explained above, some efforts to stimulate Javanese script learning at the elementary level need to be made. One of which is by improving the learning method. The learning method has to be fun and meaningful. Fun learning or so-called joyful learning in this study was conducted by involving traditional Javanese game activities in the learning process. Traditional games which can be used as a learning medium for Javanese script is ABC 5 Dasar game. The use of ABC 5 Dasar game in learning to write Javanese script has many benefit such as (1) being used as a medium for memorizing Javanese characters in a fun way, (2) reducing student anxiety in learning, (3) making learning more meaningful, (4) motivating students not to be afraid of being wrong in writing Javanese script, (5) fostering a sense of solidarity and cooperation, and (6) creating impressive learning which is memorable for the students.
Effectiveness of Chess Training for Improving Executive Functions and Mathematics Performance of Students with Mathematics Disorders

The present research aimed to investigate the impact of chess training on executive functions and mathematic performance improvement in students with mathematics disorders. This research was a quasi-experimental one using a preand post-test design. The subjects involved were 20 students with and without mathematics disorder in grades four and five in Tehran. They were randomly assigned to a control and an experimental group. The subjects were administered Stroop Test (Stroop, 1935), Continuous Performance test (Rosvold et al., 1965), the computerized version of Tower of London Test (Morris et al., 1993), and Key math test (Connolly, 1988). In the next stage, the experimental group took chess lessons for a year: they were trained for two sessions a week, each lasting one hour. But the control group did not receive any training. Then, with an interval of a month a post-test was administered: in the post-test the executive functions and mathematics performance of both groups (i.e., control and experimental) were tested. The analysis of the data through independent samples t-test showed a significant difference (P= .05) with the experimental group outperforming the control group. Thus, it could be concluded that chess training had a significant impact on the mathematics performance of students with mathematics disorder.
DigApp and TaphonomApp: Two new open-access palaeontological and archaeological mobile apps

Two new paleontological and archaeological Android applications, DigApp and TaphonomApp, are presented in this manuscript. DigApp is intended to aid data collection, storage and management in archaeological and palaeontological excavations. DigApp allows easily recording of common field information such as spatial data and fossil identification data. Online and offline versions of DigApp were developed to fit all needs, and they can be modified according to the excavation particularities. TaphonomApp was created in order to assist taphonomists while carrying out detailed taphonomical evaluations both in the field and in the laboratory, making data collection quicker, homogeneous and overall, more efficient. DigApp and TaphonomApp are free, open-access and flexible software, that can be easily modified by any user (without the need of expertise in computing or coding) as explained in this paper. An in-depth guide on how to modify the apps is provided within this paper. DigApp and TaphonomApp have been used during palaeontological excavations carried out at one of the Batallones Butte vertebrate sites (Batallones-10, Middle Miocene) in the Madrid basin (Spain).
Quality of Strawberries Shipped by Truck from California to Florida as Influenced by Postharvest Temperature Management Practices

Commercial shipments of strawberries (Fragaria ·ananassa) were evaluated from the harvest point to the distribution center (DC). Simulated retail conditions were afterward imposed on the fruit. Commercially harvested ‘San Juan’ strawberries in California were instrumented in the field for temperature and relative humidity (RH) monitoring during handling and distribution. At the cooling facility, five different treatments were imposed on five pallets of strawberries: prompt precooling to a final temperature of 1.7 or 10.0 C, 4-hour delayed precooling to a final temperature of 1.7 or 10.0 C, and no precooling. Immediately before being loaded into the trailer, all pallets were wrapped in a modified atmosphere (MA) pallet shrouds. Upon arrival at the DC in Florida, fruit from the same five pallets were exposed to three simulated retail temperatures (0, 6, and 21 C) for 3 days. Results from this study showed that the refrigerated trailer was unable to maintain the temperature of any of the pallets during transport. In addition, upon arrival at the DC in Florida, strawberries from the partial precooling (cooled to 10.0 C), 4-hour delayed precooling, and no precooling treatments had higher water loss and lower visual quality compared with fruit that were immediately precooled to a final temperature of 1.7 C. On the basis of the quality control standards of the cooling facility in California, most of the fruit from the no precooling treatment were considered unacceptable for shipment 1 day after harvest. During simulated retail display, quality of the fruit held at 21 C was inferior to that of fruit maintained at 0 or 6 C, particularly that of fruit from the partial and delayed precooling treatments. Strawberries from the prompt precooling to a final temperature of 1.7 C treatment had acceptable visual quality after simulated retail display for 3 days at 0 C, whereas visual quality of the fruit from the delayed or partial precooling treatments ranged from slightly poor to poor after the same period of time. The presence of bruises due to mechanical damage shortened the shelf life of the fruit because of accelerated development of decay. Overall, results obtained from this study highlight the importance of prompt precooling and the use of optimum storage temperature (i.e., 0 C) throughout the distribution chain and during retail display.
A new genus and two new species of Hydrobiidae (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda) from the Iberian Peninsula

Two new species of valvatoid hydrobiids are reported from southern and eastern Spain that showed notable similarities with Horatia Bourguignat, 1887 species. However, a conchological redescription of Horatia klecakiana Bourguignat, 1887, the type species of this Balkan genus, and the study of new characters for the Iberian species suggest differences between the Balkan and the Iberian groups of species. These differences and the large geographical separation between the Balkan and the Iberian populations for species with poor dispersal capacity lead us to introduce a new generic taxon, Iberhoratia Arconada and Ramos (this paper), to include the two new species. In the Iberian Peninsula, another two species have been described in Horatia, H. (? ) sturmi (Rosenhauer, 1856) and H. gatoa Boeters, 1980. The first was recently moved to a new genus, Boetersiella Arconada and Ramos, 2001, while the second is here assigned to Iberhoratia. The introduction of a new genus for the Iberian Peninsula is another indication of the richness and endemic diversity of the Hydrobiidae in this region.
Semantic Adaptation in Gradable Adjective Interpretation

Previous studies on learning and adaptation have largely focused on speech perception and syntactic parsing, but much less is known about whether and how language users adjust their semantic representation after being exposed to other individuals’ utterances. The current study focuses on the interpretation of gradable adjectives — expressions with highly context-dependent interpretations — and investigates how individuals adjust their thresholds of application after exposure to utterances of the same expressions by other language users. Three experiments provide novel evidence to support robust and rapid semantic adaptation for gradable adjectives, the effect of which is modulated by the types of utterances and the class of adjectives participants were exposed to, as well as the communicative goal of the linguistic task and the identity of the communicative partner. We propose a single unified probabilistic belief update analysis to account for all of the observations. Under our account, threshold adaptation naturally falls out as the result of a listener-speaker coordination process, which is guided by general principles of pragmatic reasoning. The current empirical findings and theoretical proposals also find parallels in the perceptual learning and speech adaptation domain, suggesting a domain general mechanism of learning and adaptation at multiple levels of linguistic representation.
Imitative Non-Autoregressive Modeling for Trajectory Forecasting and Imputation

Trajectory forecasting and imputation are pivotal steps towards understanding the movement of human and objects, which are quite challenging since the future trajectories and missing values in a temporal sequence are full of uncertainties, and the spatial-temporally contextual correlation is hard to model. Yet, the relevance between sequence prediction and imputation is disregarded by existing approaches. To this end, we propose a novel imitative non-autoregressive modeling method to simultaneously handle the trajectory prediction task and the missing value imputation task. Specifically, our framework adopts an imitation learning paradigm, which contains a recurrent conditional variational autoencoder (RC-VAE) as a demonstrator, and a non-autoregressive transformation model (NART) as a learner. By jointly optimizing the two models, RC-VAE can predict the future trajectory and capture the temporal relationship in the sequence to supervise the NART learner. As a result, NART learns from the demonstrator and imputes the missing value in a non autoregressive strategy. We conduct extensive experiments on three popular datasets, and the results show that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance across all the datasets.
Quality and Assimilation of Radar Data for NWP — a Review

Radar data have exciting potential for improving forecasts from operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models in Europe. The potential arises from a combination of developments. NWP models of the European National Meteorological Services (NMS’s) are now running routinely at the 10km grid scale and in a few years will be moving to resolutions of order 2km. Such high resolution models require correspondingly high resolution wind and moisture data for initialisation, which radar networks are well placed to deliver. Secondly NWP data assimilation techniques have advanced considerably in the 1990’s, with the arrival of techniques capable of extracting information from time sequences of observations only indirectly related to model prognostic variables. The next few years are likely to see further improvements in computing power, microphysical parametrisation and assimilation methods which will enable better exploitation of the information available from weather radars. Thirdly, developments in radar networking and processing around Europe are beginning to reach a maturity which makes feasible the routine operational delivery of quality controlled radar information of an accuracy sufficient for worthwhile NWP assimilation. The COST-717 Action entitled “Use of Radar Observations in Hydrological and NWP models” (Rossa, 2000) offers a framework in which European radar and NWP scientists, along with those from the hydrological community, can work together to realise this potential. COST-717 is divided into 3 working groups, of which the first and second are described in Bruen (2000) and Frühwald (2000). The third is entitled “Using Radar Information for Assimilation into Atmospheric Models”, and was described briefly by Macpherson (2000). This review by members of Working Group 3 seeks to inform the radar and NWP communities about each other’s disciplines and provide an accessible introduction to the literature for those working at the intersection of these fields. In the second half of the paper we review the development of methods for assimilating radar data into NWP models, but we begin with the quality control which must accompany those methods in any successful application.
A Mixed-Data Predictive Model for the Success of Rush Attempts in the National Football League

In the National Football League (NFL), roughly a third of a teams offensive yardage comes from run plays. Ball carriers are assigned the most credit for these plays, but their teammates (by way of blocking), coach (by way of play call), and the opposing defense also play a critical role. These facets of the game are understood in great detail by coaches, but using data to provide evidence for this “eye-test” is tricky. Traditional metrics such as ‘yards per carry’ or ‘total rushing yards’ can be flawed since they can be inflated by long runs and are not informative of the underlying distribution of production. Instead, using detailed data at the time of the hand-off, we will construct a cumulative distribution for the predicted yards gained on the play. We will then utilize this model to investigate the performance of rushers relative to a play’s expected outcome to evaluate the value added by various rushers.