Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of Nuclear Transfer-Derived Piglets Using Porcine Fetal Fibroblasts Transfected with the Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein1

Abstract A system for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was developed and led to the successful production of GFP-transfected piglets. In experiment 1, two groups of SCNT couplets reconstructed with porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFF) and enucleated sow (S) or gilt oocytes (G): 1) received a simultaneous electrical fusion/activation (S-EFA or G-EFA groups), or 2) were electrically fused followed by activation with ionomycin (S-EFIA or G-EFIA groups), or 3) were subjected to electrical fusion and subsequent activation by ionomycin, followed by 6-dimethylaminopurine treatment (S-EFIAD or G-EFIAD groups). The frequency of blastocyst formation was significantly higher in S-EFA (26%) compared with that observed in the other experimental groups (P < 0.05), but not with S-EFIA (23%). Sow oocytes yielded significantly higher cleavage frequencies (68%–69%) and total cell numbers of blastocysts when compared with gilt oocytes, regardless of fusion/activation methods (P < 0.05). However, the ratio of inner cell mass (ICM)/total cells in G-EFA and S-EFA was significantly lower than in the other groups (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, SCNT couplets reconstructed with PFF cultured in the presence or absence of serum and enucleated sow oocytes were subjected to EFA. There were no effects of serum starvation on cell-cycle synchronization, developmental competence, total cell numbers, and ratio of ICM/total cells. In experiment 3, SCNT couplets reconstructed with PFF transfected with an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene using FuGENE-6 and enucleated sow oocytes were subjected to EFA and cultured for 7 days. Expression frequencies of GFP gene during development were 100%, 78%, 72%, 71%, and 70% in fused, two-cell, four to eight cells, morulae, and blastocysts, respectively. In experiment 4, SCNT embryos derived from different recipient cytoplasts (sows or gilts) and donor karyoplasts (PFF or GFP-transfected) were subjected to EFA and transferred to the oviducts of surrogates. The pregnancy rates in SCNT embryos derived from sow oocytes (66%–69%) were higher than those with gilt oocytes (23%–27%) regardless of donor cell types. One live offspring from GFP-SCNT embryos and two from PFF-SCNT embryos were delivered. Microsatellite analysis confirmed that the clones were genetically identical to the donor cells and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from genomic DNA of cloned piglets and subsequent southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of EGFP gene into chromosomes.
Longitudinal Stability of Phonological and Surface Subtypes of Developmental Dyslexia

Limited evidence supports the external validity of the distinction between developmental phonological and surface dyslexia. We previously identified children ages 8 to 13 meeting criteria for these subtypes (Peterson, Pennington, & Olson, 2013) and now report on their reading and related skills approximately 5 years later. Longitudinal stability of subtype membership was fair and appeared stronger for phonological than surface dyslexia. Phonological dyslexia was associated with a pronounced phonological awareness deficit, but subgroups otherwise had similar cognitive profiles. Subtype did not inform prognosis. Results provide modest evidence for the validity of the distinction, although not for its clinical utility.
Mathematics Scheduling with job dependent machine speed

The power consumption rate of computing devices has seen an enormous increase over the last decades. Therefore computer systems must make a trade-off between performance and energy usage. This observation has led to speed scaling, a technique that adapts the speed of the system to balance energy and performance. Fundamentally, when implementing speed scaling, an algorithm must make two decisions at each time: (i) a scheduling policy decides which jobs to serve, and (ii) a speed scaler decides how fast to run. In this thesis we introduce a preemptive single machine scheduling problem where the machine speed is externally given and depends on the number of jobs that is available for processing. A job is available for processing when it is released but not yet completed. The objective is to minimize the sum of weighted completion times. We will look at some variations of this problem by adding release dates or restricting ourselves to unit weights, unit processing times or by looking at the non-preemptive case. When the machine speed is constant over time, it is well known that the Smith’s rule yields an optimal schedule for both the preemptive and non-preemptive case. Unfortunately this rule gives arbitrary bad results for the problem under consideration. We introduce a greedy algorithm that solves the problem to optimality when all weights are equal. With only small changes we can alter this algorithm to work when weights are arbitrary and we have unit processing times. For arbitrary weights and processing times our algorithm finds an optimal schedule when we restrict ourselves to a certain order of job completions. However, we do not know which is an optimal order of job completions. The WSPT-order, which is optimal when machine speed is fixed, can even give arbitrary bad results.
Resilience Evaluation and Enhancement in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Understanding network behavior that undergoes challenges is essential to constructing a resilient and survivable network. Due to the mobility and wireless channel properties, it is more difficult to model and analyze mobile ad hoc networks under various challenges. We provide a comprehensive model to assess the vulnerability of mobile ad hoc networks in face of malicious attacks. We analyze comprehensive graph-theoretical properties and network performance of the dynamic networks under attacks against the critical nodes using both synthetic and real-world mobility traces. Motivated by Minimum Spanning Tree and small-world networks, we propose a network enhancement strategy by adding long-range links. We compare the performance of different enhancement strategies by evaluating a list of robustness measures. Our study provides insights into the design and construction of resilient and survivable mobile ad hoc networks.
Voice conversion: From spoken vowels to singing vowels

In this paper, a voice conversion system that converts spoken vowels into singing vowels is proposed. Given the spoken vowels and their musical score, the system generates singing vowels. The system modifies the speech parameters of Fundamental frequency (F0), duration and spectral properties to produce singing voice. F0 contour is obtained using F0 fluctuation information from training singing voice and music score. Duration of each vowel of speech is stretched or shortened according to the length of the corresponding musical note. To transform speech spectrum to singing spectrum the following two approaches are employed. The first method employs spectral mean shifting and variance scaling method. And, the second approach uses weighted linear transformation method to transform speech to singing spectrum. The system is tested on the database including 75 speech and 30 singing voices sung using vowels. The results show that the proposed system is able to convert spoken vowels into singing vowels with a quality very close to the target singing voice.
On pointwise interpolation inequalities for derivatives

Pointwise interpolation inequalities, in particular, \left\vert\nabla_ku(x)\right\vert\leq c\left({\cal M}u(x)\right) ^{1-k/m} \left({\cal M}\nabla_mu(x)\right)^{k/m}, k<m, and |I_zf(x)|\leq c ({\cal M}I_{\zeta}f(x))^{\mathop Re z/\mathop Re \zeta}({\cal M}f(x))^{1-\mathop Re z/\mathop Re \zeta}, 0<\mathop Re z<\mathop Re\zeta<n, where $\nabla_k$ is the gradient of order $k$, ${\cal M}$ is the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator, and $I_z$ is the Riesz potential of order $z$, are proved. Applications to the theory of multipliers in pairs of Sobolev spaces are given. In particular, the maximal algebra in the multiplier space $M(W_p^m({\Bbb R}^n)\to W_p^l({\Bbb R}^n))$ is described.
Multiple access performance of transmit-reference uwb communications system using differential multi-pulse modulation

In this paper, the new modulation schemes, Multi-Pulse Modulation (MPM) and Differ- ential Multi-Pulse Modulation (DMPM) have been proposed for multiple access system in order to increase the total data rate and improve the error performance. By these schemes, the modulated pulse can be used for transmitting more than one bit data depending on the level of modulation. Moreover, the error performance has been improved because for the same Eb/NO ,t he energy per pulse has increased. The simulation results show that the total throughput performance of the pro- posed system has been improved, nearly 2-4 times when comparing with the conventional TR-UWB system.
ADAM, a widely distributed and developmentally regulated gene family encoding membrane proteins with a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain.

Fertilin alpha and beta, previously known as PH-30 alpha and beta, are two subunits of a guinea pig sperm integral membrane protein implicated in sperm-egg binding and fusion. They are derived from sequence-similar precursors which contain a metalloprotease-like and a disintegrin-like domain and which are related to a family of metalloprotease and disintegrin domain-containing snake venom proteins. We report here the cloning, sequencing, and characterization of mouse fertilin alpha and beta as well as five additional sequence-similar cDNAs from guinea pig and mouse testis. We name this gene family ADAM, for proteins containing A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease domain, and in honor of its dual origins in the fields of snakes and fertility. In situ hybridization demonstrated that, in testis, RNA encoding these ADAMs is expressed only in spermatogenic cells and that this expression is developmentally regulated. PCR analysis of mouse tissue cDNA showed that these ADAMs display different patterns of tissue distribution. Some ADAMs (e.g., fertilin alpha) have the consensus active-site sequence for a zinc-dependent metalloprotease in their metalloprotease-like domain. All have a disintegrin-like domain, which could bind integrins or other receptors. Some have sequences which may be active in membrane fusion. All encode potential membrane-spanning domains. Searches of sequence databases revealed that additional mammalian members of the ADAM gene family have been cloned from a variety of tissues. Thus, the ADAMs are a large, widely expressed, and developmentally regulated family of proteins with multiple potential functions in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
Telomere length and pulse pressure in newly diagnosed, antipsychotic-naive patients with nonaffective psychosis.

INTRODUCTION Recent studies suggest that in addition to factors such as treatment side effects, suicide, and poor health habits, people with schizophrenia may have an increased risk of diabetes prior to antipsychotic treatment. Diabetes is associated with an increased pulse pressure (PP) and a shortened telomere. We tested the hypothesis that prior to antipsychotic treatment, schizophrenia and related disorders are associated with a shortened telomere, as well as an increased PP. METHODS Telomere content (which is highly correlated with telomere length) and PP were measured in newly diagnosed, antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia and related disorders on first clinical contact and in matched control subjects. Both groups were also administered an oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, the patients with psychosis had decreased telomere content and an increased PP. As previously reported, they also had increased glucose concentrations at 2 hours. These differences could not be attributed to differences in age, ethnicity, smoking, gender, body mass index, neighborhood of residence, socioeconomic status, aerobic conditioning, or an increased cortisol concentration in the psychotic subjects. DISCUSSION These results suggest that prior to antipsychotic use, nonaffective psychosis is associated with reduced telomere content and increased PP, indices that have been linked to an increased risk of diabetes and hypertension.
Exploiting Multilabel Information for Noise-Resilient Feature Selection

In a conventional supervised learning paradigm, each data instance is associated with one single class label. Multilabel learning differs in the way that data instances may belong to multiple concepts simultaneously, which naturally appear in a variety of high impact domains, ranging from bioinformatics and information retrieval to multimedia analysis. It targets leveraging the multiple label information of data instances to build a predictive learning model that can classify unlabeled instances into one or multiple predefined target classes. In multilabel learning, even though each instance is associated with a rich set of class labels, the label information could be noisy and incomplete as the labeling process is both time consuming and labor expensive, leading to potential missing annotations or even erroneous annotations. The existence of noisy and missing labels could negatively affect the performance of underlying learning algorithms. More often than not, multilabeled data often has noisy, irrelevant, and redundant features of high dimensionality. The existence of these uninformative features may also deteriorate the predictive power of the learning model due to the curse of dimensionality. Feature selection, as an effective dimensionality reduction technique, has shown to be powerful in preparing high-dimensional data for numerous data mining and machine-learning tasks. However, a vast majority of existing multilabel feature selection algorithms either boil down to solving multiple single-labeled feature selection problems or directly make use of the imperfect labels to guide the selection of representative features. As a result, they may not be able to obtain discriminative features shared across multiple labels. In this article, to bridge the gap between a rich source of multilabel information and its blemish in practical usage, we propose a novel noise-resilient multilabel informed feature selection framework (MIFS) by exploiting the correlations among different labels. In particular, to reduce the negative effects of imperfect label information in obtaining label correlations, we decompose the multilabel information of data instances into a low-dimensional space and then employ the reduced label representation to guide the feature selection phase via a joint sparse regression framework. Empirical studies on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed MIFS framework.
The Human Tumor-Egg Host System II. Discovery and Properties of a New Antitumor Agent, Hadacidin.∗

Summary A new crystalline antitumor agent, hadacidin, has been discovered in fermentation broths of Penicillium frequentans Westling. The human tumor-embryonated egg system was used to guide fermentation and isolation studies. Against HAD #1 the tumor ID50 of hadacidin is about 3 mg per egg. Hadacidin is active also against HEP #3 and A-42 in the embryonated egg. On a weight basis, hadacidin has about the same range of activity as azaserine and 6-mercaptopurine but has only one per cent the activity of the alkylating agent, triethylene melamine.
Studies with β-Oxoalkanonitriles: Simple Novel Synthesis of 3-[2,6-Diaryl-4- pyridyl]-3-oxopropanenitriles

Heteroaromatization of ethyl 2-cyano-4-oxo-2-(2-oxo-2-arylethyl)-4-aryl-butanoates 3a,b with ammonium acetate gave ethyl 2,6-diarylisonicotinates 4a,b.Treatment of the latter with acetonitrile afforded novel β-oxoalkanonitriles 6a,b. Reactions of 6a,b with phenyl hydrazine and hydroxylamine gave the corresponding pyridyl aminopyrazoles 8a,b and pyridyl aminoisoxazoles 10a,b, respectively.
Dynamic control of the islanded micro grids by an advanced feed-forward strategy

In this paper, by choosing the islanded structure for DER, the problem of voltage and frequency control in micro grids is discussed. The proposed control scheme has been used as a feed forward compensation strategy to reduce the nonlinear effects and to compensate for the load dynamics. Thus, the mathematical islanded model of DER system has been introduced and then, the voltage and frequency controllers have been designed to achieve fast and stable response and also zero steady state error. The operation of system in different load conditions is checked by Matlab-Simulink software. The simulation results show the robust operation of closed loop system composed with designed controller.
The evolution of fracture risk estimation

The goal of osteoporosis treatment is fracture risk reduction. Identification of patients at high risk for fracture is facilitated by theWorld Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic classification system, whereby osteoporosis is diagnosed in the presence of a T-score of 2.5 or less. However, many fragility fractures occur in individuals with a bone mineral density (BMD) T-score that is better than 2.5. As such, limiting treatment to patients with a T-score of 2.5 or less would miss a large number of patients who will later sustain a fracture that might have been prevented by appropriate identification and early intervention. BMD combined with clinical risk factors for fracture provides a better prediction of fracture risk than BMD or clinical risk factors alone. The WHO fracture risk assessment tool, FRAX, is a computer-based algorithm with an input of patient demographics, a ‘‘yes’’ or ‘‘no’’ response indicating the presence or absence of each of seven clinical risk factors for fracture, and femoral neck BMD (when available) to estimate the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture (ie, hip, spine, proximal humerus, and distal forearm) and the 10-year probability of hip fracture. Country-specific mortality data can be used to calibrate the fracture probabilities, with 32 countries included in FRAX at the time of this writing. Cost-utility analysis then may be applied to FRAX-derived data, using numerous economic, social, and political assumptions, to determine the magnitude of fracture risk at which it is likely to be cost-effective to initiate pharmacologic therapy to reduce fracture risk. FRAX has been incorporated recently into bone densitometer software and some handheld computer devices, allowing greater access to this tool as an aid in making treatment decisions. The expression of fracture risk as a probability (absolute fracture risk) provides greater clinical utility than relative fracture risk but cannot predict which individual patients will sustain a fracture. This is so because fractures are stochastic events (ie, subject to randomness), depending on factors that include falling, the force of the fall, body position when falling, and the nature of the surface that is impacted. Clinicians, patients, and third-party payers must appreciate that the FRAX output is an estimate of fracture probability, not a certainty that a fracture will or will not occur; this caveat is stated directly on the FRAX Web site (www.shef.ac.uk/FRAX/index.jsp). Despite the vast amount of data analyzed to develop the FRAX algorithm and subsequent
Percutaneous absorption of water in skin: a review

Abstract Background: The stratum corneum has a wide variety of important functions, including host protection from foreign chemicals and bacteria, water loss prevention, and body temperature regulation. While water absorption studies on healthy intact skin are abundant, data on the percutaneous absorption of water in diseased skin are less common. Methods: We reviewed Pubmed search results for “stratum corneum”, “absorption”, “percutaneous” and “water”, and determined relevant articles that discussed percutaneous penetration of water into skin. Results: Both percutaneous absorption of water and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rates increase when the stratum corneum is damaged. Conclusions: Heating the skin increases the rate of percutaneous penetration of water, while freezing does not alter the absorption of water. Patients with diseases like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis have increased TEWL compared with disease-free individuals.
The Stat1 Binding Motif of the Interferon-γ Receptor Is Sufficient to Mediate Stat5 Activation and Its Repression by SOCS3*

Signal transduction via the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) receptor requires the tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats). Whereas tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 occurs in all cells, activation of Stat5 by IFN-γ is cell type-restricted. Here we investigated the mechanism of Stat5 activation by the IFN-γ receptor. In transfection assays both Stat5 isoforms, Stat5a and Stat5b, were phosphorylated on tyrosine in response to IFN-γ. Stat5 activation required the presence of tyrosine 420 (Tyr-420) in the murine IFNGR1 receptor chain, which also serves as the Stat1 binding site. Moreover, a peptide including Tyr-440, the Stat1 binding site of the human IFNGR1 chain, conferred the ability upon a synthetic receptor to activate Stat5. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) inhibited the activation of Stat5 by the IFN-γ receptor, and the Tyr-440-containing peptide stretch was sufficient for repression. SOCS3 expression had little effect on the activity of Jak kinases not associated with cytokine receptors. In IFN-γ-treated, Stat1-deficient fibroblasts Stat5 was inefficient in inducing transcription of a Stat-dependent reporter gene, suggesting it does not per se make a major contribution to the expression of IFN-γ-responsive genes.
Modeling Dynamic Interaction in Virtual Environments and the Evaluation of Dynamic Virtual Fixtures

Virtual reality (VR) is a technology covering a large field of applications among which are sports and video games. In both gaming and sporting VR applications, interaction techniques involve specific gestures such as catching or striking. However, such dynamic gestures are not currently being recognized as elementary task primitives, and have therefore not been investigated as such. In this paper, we propose a framework for the analysis of interaction in dynamic virtual environments (DVEs). This framework is based on three dynamic interaction primitives (DIPs) that are common to many sporting activities: catching, throwing, and striking. For each of these primitives, an original modeling approach is proposed. Furthermore, we introduce and formalize the concept of dynamic virtual fixtures (DVFs). These fixtures aim to assist the user in tasks involving interaction with moving objects or with objects to be set in movement. Two experiments have been carried out to investigate the influence of different DVFs on human performance in the context of ball catching and archery. The results reveal a significant positive effect of the DVFs, and that DVFs could be either classified as performance-assisted or learning-assisted.
Using YAGO for the Humanities

In this paper, we study how data from the Semantic Web can be used for case studies in the Humanities. We conduct a proof of concept, using the YAGO knowledge base to study life expectancy, birth rates, and the age at childbirth over time. We also discuss the information extraction methods that we used to make YAGO sufficiently complete for these analyses to work.