Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Situational Awareness and Team Performance Using Network Centric Technologies

A network-centric oriented technology that fused the User Defined Operational Picture (UDOP) and the Lightweight Collaborative Whiteboard (LCW) was compared to the baseline Global Command and Control System (GCCS). The UDOP environment allows the user to personally tailor the dynamic map and collaborate on the map via drawing, marking, and annotation that instantly appears on all other team member's maps. The GCCS map provides none of these capabilities. It was hypothesized that the UDOP environment will foster higher situational awareness and more adequate shared mental models than GCCS. Given that quality shared mental models and situational awareness have been associated with higher performance it was hypothesized that the UDOP environment would produce higher situational awareness and performance than the GCCS environment. Findings supported these hypotheses; higher situational awareness and performance were associated with the UDOP environment.
Paragraph as Lead - Finding Background Documents for News Articles

When reading a news article, it is very useful that articles about the background of various aspects of the story are provided so that the readers can better understand the story. In this year’s News Track, we tried to use paragraphs as leads to ﬁnd background articles since they tend to cover diﬀerent aspects of the main story [3]. More speciﬁcally, the keywords in the paragraphs were extracted and used as queries to ﬁnd background articles. Entities were also leveraged to improve the retrieval performances of the keyword queries.
Filter optimization for pulse timing detector

In the pulse transmission system such as pulseposition modulation (PPM), where the linear filter for pulse-timing detection is optimized and the construction of the detector is considered, one of the essential problems is the timing error contained in the timing information extracted from the received pulse. Several papers have been reported on the linear filters which are claimed to be useful in correcting the error, but the extent of improvement has not been analyzed clearly. This paper compares those filters from the viewpoint of the mean-square timing error and indicates the effectiveness of the filters on the relative basis. In addition, a new suboptimal filter is proposed and compared. Methods for filter optimization and timing detector construction are presented and compared from various viewpoints, such as the easiness of realization. The calculation of the timing error produced by the filter is calculated easily using the result shown in this paper, where the expression is normalized by the pulsewidth. It is shown that the proposed suboptimal filter gives an excellent performance compared to the filters proposed in the past. Assuming the pulse transmission using the optical fiber, the calculation is shown based on the white and f2 additive noise as well as the Gaussian signal pulse.
An Upward-Facing Surface Appears Darker: The Role Played by the Light-From-Above Assumption in Lightness Perception

The human visual system can extract information on surface reflectance (lightness) from light intensity; this, however, confounds information on reflectance and illumination. We hypothesized that the visual system, to solve this lightness problem, utilizes the internally held prior assumption that illumination falls from above. Experiment 1 showed that an upward-facing surface is perceived to be darker than a downward-facing surface, proving our hypothesis. Experiment 2 showed the same results in the absence of explicit illumination cues. The effect of the light-from-left prior assumption was not observed in Experiment 3. The upward- and downward-facing surface stimuli in Experiments 1 and 2 showed no difference in a two-dimensional configuration or three-dimensional structure, and the participants’ perceived lightness appeared to be affected by the observers’ prior assumption that illumination is always from above. Other studies have not accounted for this illusory effect, and this study’s finding provides additional insights into the study of lightness perception.
Biomechanical modeling and control of the human body for computer animation

Realistic anatomical modeling capable of high-fidelity synthesis of human body shape and motion is a major challenge in computer animation. Despite significant progress in this domain, the detailed modeling of the human body has not received adequate attention because of its complexity. We develop a comprehensive biomechanical model of the human body, confronting the combined challenge of modeling and controlling more or less all of the relevant articular bones and muscles, as well as simulating the physics-based deformations of the soft tissues. Emulating the relevant anatomy, our skeletal model comprises 75 bones (165 degrees of freedom), including the vertebrae and ribs, and it is actuated by 846 muscles, modeled as piecewise uniaxial Hill-type force actuators. To simulate the biomechanics of the soft tissues, we employ a coupled 3D finite element model with the appropriate constitutive behavior, in which are embedded the detailed anatomical arrangement and geometries of skin, muscle, and bone. As a precursor to developing our comprehensive biomechanical model, we consider the highly important head-neck-face complex. Our head-neck model is characterized by appropriate kinematic redundancy (7 vertebrae) and muscle actuator redundancy (72 muscles). It presents us with a challenging motor control problem, even for the deceptively simple task of balancing the head in gravity atop the cervical spine. Our biologically inspired, neuromuscular controller provides the numerous muscle actuators with efferent activation signals, controlling the pose of the head through time, as well as the stiffness of the neck by coactivating mutually opposed muscles. Using machine learning techniques, the neural networks within the controller are trained offline to efficiently generate the online control signals necessary to synthesize various autonomous movements for the behavioral animation of the human head and face. Our biomimetic modeling approach heightens the need to accurately model skeletal joints. Since the elementary joints conventionally used in physics simulation cannot produce the complex movement patterns of biological joints, we also introduce a new joint model, called “spline joints”, that can emulate biological joints more accurately. Spline joints can be efficiently simulated using minimal-coordinates-based dynamics algorithms.
Practical Wide-speed-range Sensorless Control System for Permanent Magnet Reluctance Synchronous Motor Drives via Active Flux Model

Abstract This article introduces a control strategy to obtain near-maximum available torque in a wide speed range with sensorless operation via the active flux concept for permanent magnet-reluctance synchronous motor drives. A new torque dq current reference calculator is proposed, with reference torque limited by the torque/speed envelope and by maximum current constraint. This solution approximates the maximum torque per ampere below base speed and also in the flux-weakening region, where voltage limitations impose constraints on the allowable dq currents with less computational effort. Comprehensive digital simulation results (1–6000 rpm) and experimental results (50–3000 rpm at low inverter available DC voltage of 12 Vdc instead of 48 Vdc) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control strategy in a wide speed range, with stable and reliable operations up to a speed equal to eight times the machine base speed (constant power speed range = 8).
Drivers of agricultural foreign divestment

and Kubik, 2019; Kassem and Awad, 2012; Lv et al. , 2010; Rashid and Razak, 2017) but not FD. This paper uses multilateral FD data covering 1991 to 2017 for 50 countries. The paper focuses on agriculture globally. Identifying the factors that This paper has used multilateral foreign divestment (FD) data covering 1991 to 2017 for 50 countries, fitted to an optimised model based on microeconomic theory, to estimate the drivers of FD out of agriculture. Identifying the factors that determine FD would offer an opportunity for policymakers to know what kind of policies can discourage FD. Furthermore, knowledge of the directional effect would offer a way to use the policy variables to appropriately influence FD. Market size, exchange rate, political regime characteristics and transitions as well as the level of development drive FD out of agriculture globally. Trade openness and access to land resources have not been found to determine FD. Consequently, agricultural economy managers should work towards increasing the size of the agricultural economy; they should also liaise with their respective country’s Central Banks with a view to ensure exchange rate stability, and with their governments in order to promote better political regime characteristics and smoother political transitions.
Pattern synthesis for multi-feed reflector antennas using invasive weed optimisation

The authors present a new optimisation method for pattern synthesis of multi-feed reflector antennas in this study. By using an invasive weed optimisation (IWO) algorithm, shaped beam antennas are designed. The results of the IWO algorithm for the synthesis of cosecant squared and contoured beam patterns are presented and compared with particle swarm optimisation algorithm results. The far-field radiation patterns of reflector antennas, fed by linear and planar array of conical horn antennas, are provided by a physical optics and the error between desired and provided radiation patterns is calculated by a root mean square method. The results show that the IWO algorithm, which provides good convergence, is stable and adaptive-to-change for different boundary conditions in pattern synthesis applications.
Comparison of Machinability of Glass/Jute Fabric Polymer Composites

Natural fibre based composites are gaining more importance now-a-days due to their specific properties. The aim of this work is to present a comparison of machinability of jute fabric and glass fabric reinforced polymeric composite. Drilling was carried out in a Vertical Machining Centre using HSS twist drill of 6 mm diameter. The quality of hole is compared based on the delamination factor obtained by digital image processing technique, on both sides. Factorial design based experiments were conducted at different levels of speed and feed rate. Analysis Of Variance is done to study the influence of natural fibre on delamination. Results show that natural fibre reinforced composite has better machinability than synthetic fibre reinforced composite.
Automated hand detection method for tasks of gesture recognition in human-machine interfaces

the differences in the conditions for showing gestures. The problem becomes more complicated by the small size of ﬁngers. Method. The presented method is based on the analysis of frame sequences of a video stream obtained using an optical camera. For processing of the obtained video sequences, it is proposed to use a depth map and a combination of modern classiﬁers based on Single Shot MultiBox Detector deep neural network architectures with a reduced network model of ResNet-10, NASNetMobile and LSTM type. Main Results. Experiments on automatic video analysis of hand movements and gesture recognition in real time show great potential of the proposed method for human-machine interaction tasks. The recognition accuracy of 48 one-handed gestures based on TheRuSLan database is 79 %. This result is better as compared to the other approaches to solving this problem. Practical Relevance. The results can be used in automatic systems for recognition of sign languages, as well as in the situations where contactless interaction of various user groups is necessary, for example, people with hearing and vision impairments, mobile information robots through automatic recognition of sign information.
A reliable method for classifying acromial shape

The method commonly in use today to categorize the shape of the acromion is qualitative and not reliable, but often used to make clinical judgments. Other classifications are quantitative but have not been compared with each other. The objective of this study was to compare the intra- and inter-observer reliability of three methods for classifying acromial shape. Three clinicians evaluated standardized lateral-view radiographs of twenty-four human scapulas three times with intervals of at least two weeks for the intra-observer reliability. Thirteen clinicians evaluated 11 of these radiographs once for inter-observer reliability. We evaluated the classification described by Bigliani as well as two other classifications (acromial angle and modified Epstein classifications) that assign acromions to a type according to specific geometric measurements obtained from three anatomic landmarks. Reliability was assessed with Kappa statistics. The three classifications showed moderate to good intra-observer reliability (Kappa values between 0.50 and 0.72) without significant differences (p > 0.05), respectively. The classification described by Bigliani showed slight inter-observer reliability (Kappa value 0.25), the acromial angle classification revealed moderate inter-observer reliability (Kappa value 0.44), and the modified Epstein classification showed good inter-observer reliability with the highest inter-observer Kappa value of 0.62. These differences between the classifications were significant (p < 0.05), respectively. This study compared the intra- and inter-observer reliability of three classifications of acromial shape. The modified Epstein classification was the most reliable and should be used for classifying acromial shape to make clinical judgments and in future research studies.
Assessment of a visually guided autonomous exploration robot

A system has been developed to enable a robot vehicle to autonomously explore and map an indoor environment using only visual sensors. The vehicle is equipped with a single camera, whose output is wirelessly transmitted to an off-board standard PC for processing. Visual features within the camera imagery are extracted and tracked, and their 3D positions are calculated using a Structure from Motion algorithm. As the vehicle travels, obstacles in its surroundings are identified and a map of the explored region is generated. This paper discusses suitable criteria for assessing the performance of the system by computer-based simulation and practical experiments with a real vehicle. Performance measures identified include the positional accuracy of the 3D map and the vehicle's location, the efficiency and completeness of the exploration and the system reliability. Selected results are presented and the effect of key system parameters and algorithms on performance is assessed. This work was funded by the Systems Engineering for Autonomous Systems (SEAS) Defence Technology Centre established by the UK Ministry of Defence.
Study, modelling and control of a single-phase power factor corrector based on the Sheppard-Taylor topology

In this paper, a single-phase power factor corrector (PFC) based on the Sheppard-Taylor topology is studied. A novel mathematical representation of the converter is elaborated using the state-space averaging technique. In order to emphasise the usefulness of such model, three pulse-width-modulated (PWM) multi-loops control schemes are proposed and developed in the aim of ensuring a unity power factor at the AC-source side and a regulated voltage at the DC-load side. The first one uses the simple and robust hysteretic-based controller; the second one employs a conventional PI regulator; whereas the third one is based on the model nonlinearity compensation approach. The control systems are tested through simulations under both rated and disturbed operating conditions. The system performance is evaluated in terms of source current total harmonic distortion (THD), input power factor, DC voltage stabilisation, and regulation following load variations.
Simulation and assessment of power control strategies for a parallel hybrid car

Abstract The aim of this paper is to propose a power control strategy for hybrid electrical vehicles. This strategy uses a fuel consumption criterion with battery charge sustaining. It is based on an instantaneous minimization of the equivalent fuel flow. Two comparisons are performed to evaluate the proposed strategy. The first one uses the loss minimization strategy of Seiler and Schröder [1], which appears to be realistic and efficient for real-time control. This strategy is also based on an instantaneous optimization and allows the battery state of charge to be taken into account. The second comparison is made with an optimal solution found for a given driving schedule. Although not realistic for real-time control, this solution is derived through a global optimization algorithm, the well-known simulated annealing method.
Time-domain modeling and simulation of the broadband behavior of semiconductor optical amplifiers

Unlike semiconductor lasers that always operate within a narrow band in frequency domain, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) normally operate in a much broader area. The noise characteristic is also crucial for amplifier design. The study of the dynamic interaction among the signal channels and noise in SOAs is therefore highly demanded. In this work, a time-domain model is implemented based on the combination of the traveling wave equation, the effective Bloch equation and the modified carrier rate equation. The optical field propagation is described by the traveling wave equation. The interaction between the optical field and the polarization is treated by the effective Bloch equation hence both homogeneous and inhomogeneous gain broadenings over the entire operating frequency range is naturally considered. Finally, the carrier rate equation is modified to make the model self-sustaining. This model has the spontaneous emission noise incorporated hence effects such as noise introduced gain saturation, beatings among different signal channels and the noise are all captured. The key feature of this model is its capability of handling the signal-signal and the signal-noise indirect and direct interactions, generated by the mutual power saturation and the spectral hole burning (SHB), respectively. This model is implemented and validated through comparisons, and is also applied for the simulation of a typical SOA with an assumed operating condition that can hardly be treated accurately by other existing models.
Nonlinear Control and Observation of a Boost Converter Associated with a Fuel-Cell Source in Presence of Model Uncertainty

Abstract This study deals with the problem of controlling DC-to-DC switched power converter of boost type associated with a fuel cell generator. The system is modelled using the PWM technique. The aim is to tightly regulate the output voltage of the converter to a desired reference. The voltage-current characteristic is subject to parameter uncertainty. The system load is in turn time-varying. A nonlinear adaptive controller is designed using the Lyapunov approach, based on the nonlinear model of the system. The controller is formally shown to meet its control objectives.
Analysis of propagation delay and power with variation in driver size and number of shells in multi walled carbon nanotube interconnects

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of driver size and number of shells on propagation delay and power for multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) interconnects at 22 nm technology node.Design/methodology/approach – An equivalent circuit model of MWCNT is used for estimation and analysis of propagation delay and power. The delay and power through MWCNT and Cu interconnects are compared for various driver sizes and number of MWCNT shells.Findings – The SPICE simulation results show that the MWCNT interconnect has lower propagation delay than Cu interconnects. The delay ratio of MWCNT to Cu decreases with increase in length for different driver size and number of MWCNT shells. However, the delay ratio increases with reduction in number of MWCNT shells. The ratio of average power consumption (MWCNT/Cu) also decreases with the variation in driver size and numbers of shells with respect to the length of interconnect. The theoretical study proves CNTs to be better alternatives against cop.
Critical success factors of TQM: A select study of Indian organizations

In the context of TQM, it is essential that the organizations identify a few key critical success factors, which should be given special attention for ensuring successful implementation of TQM program. The concept of critical success factors (CSFs) and their use in supporting planning efforts was originated from the approach associated with the development and implementation of management information systems. This paper represents a review of the literature on CSFs and supported by various philosophies of TQM. Such factors are considered as conducive to the success of TQM implementation. Based on an exploratory study of Indian organizations engaged in manufacturing and services, CSFs have been identified.
A Product Design Method Based on Design-Element Informatization

In order to reduce the information chaos of product design, we present the main motions of Design-Element based product design that we call it DE-PD. Different from traditional product design process composed of function, style, or customer requirements etc.al, DE-PD is driven by the knowledge and information flows in product design iteration. In DE-PD, the product is composed of Design-Elements (DE) which is the integration of related knowledge and information. After discussing the definition and information construct of DE, we present the iteration of DE based product design. To evaluate the method, a design case of beach motorcycle with limit mount of DEs is conceived. Evaluation results show that DE-PD is a promising approach for product design informatization.
A Uniform and Coherent Mashup Technique Based on the OSGi Framework

A mashup is a web page or application that combines data from two or more sources so as to create new services or enhance original services. Mashup technique is usually implemented in web-based applications at web browser via drag-and-drop actions. These web-based applications usually require extra programming efforts when integrating with a non-web application, and they usually cannot drop out the APIs style programming. The developers require indicating specific data source for their new mashup applications, and usually the functions of these applications are limited due to developers’ design in developing time. This kind of programming style is difficult to mashup more data sources coherently, and it is high coupling, resource limited, and difficult to be extended. To solve these issues, this paper proposes a uniform and coherent mashup technique based on the OSGi (Open Service Gateway Initiative) framework. OSGi is a module system and service platform that implements a complete and dynamic component model. By using the OSGi’s dynamic and flexible features, applications could be easily to deploy, remove, discovery, and combine with each other. The key features of proposed mashup technique include the definition of uniform identity terms and invoking chains. The uniform identity term is used to match each application service. Developers can leverage non-web mashup applications by declaring the simple definition of uniform identity term without providing and using any APIs. The invoking chains could link and combine relative application services or data with unlimited length and irregular mixing. After that, the system could build up invoking chains to perform mashup technique automatically. Therefore, developers could mashup certain application functions or data to unknown applications in runtime phase. Finally, we present two different use cases to evaluate the capabilities of the proposed technique.