Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sphaerellothecium pumilum comb. nov. (hongos liquenícolas, Dothideomycetes), un nombre prioritario sobre S. aipolium

espanolPor las caracteristicas del hamatecio, se propone como nueva combinacion Sphaerellotheciumpumilum (Lettau) Nav. -Ros. , Cl. Roux et Hafellner, para incluir Stigmidium pumilum (Lettau) Matzer et Hafellner. Sphaerellothecium aipolium Vouaux ex Nav. -Ros. et Cl. Roux es considerado un sinonimo de este taxon. Se comenta la reparticion geografica conocida de esta especie y se discuten algunos aspectos de su morfologia. Sphaerellothecium pumilum se menciona por primera vez para Liechtenstein, Rumania, Armenia, Mongolia, Nepal y Canada. EnglishBecause of the characteristics of the hamathecium, Sphaerellothecium pumilum (Lettau) Nav. -Ros. , Cl. Roux et Hafellner is proposed as a new combination, to include Stigmidium pumilum (Lettau) Matzer and Hafellner. Sphaerellothecium aipolium Vouaux ex Nav. -Ros. et Cl. Roux is considered a synonym of this taxon. The current distribution of this species and some unclear aspects of its morphology are discussed.Sphaerellothecium pumilum is reported as new for Liechtenstein, Romania, Armenia, Mongolia, Nepal and Canada. francaisEn raison des caracteristiques de l'hamathecium, nous proposons la nouvelle combinaison Sphaerellotheciumpumilum (Lettau) Nav. -Ros. , Cl. Roux et Hafellner, pour inclure Stigmidium pumilum (Lettau) Matzer et Hafellner. Sphaerellothecium aipolium Vouaux ex Nav. -Ros. et Cl. Roux est considere comme un synonyme de ce taxon. La repartition geographique connue de cette espece est commentee et certains aspects de sa morphologie sont discutes. Sphaerellothecium pumilum est signale comme nouveau en Liechtenstein, Roumanie, Armenie, Mongolie, Nepal et Canada.
Changes in Ca^ channel currents in hypertrophied myocytes induced by myocardial overexpression of Gαq or calcineurin

I Ca inactivation were abolished when the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ was depleted by ryanodine or Ba2+ was used as the charge carrier, suggesting that Ca2+-dependent inactivation is altered due to abnormal SR Ca2+ release. When CLN mice were treated with cycrosporin A, myocyte size and ICa density were normalized. These results suggest that changes in cellular Ca2+ handling are determined by the trigger of hypertrophy, not simply the exsitence of myocyte hypertrophy. Materials and Methods Transgenic mice with approximately 4fold overexpression of Gƒ¿q protein (1) or transgenic mice expressing an active form of CLN (2) and respective control NTG littermates of 2-4 months of age were used. Single LV myocytes were isolated from the hearts of transgenic and NTG mice using a method described previously (3). All experiments were
The compensatory response of pigs previously fed a diet with an increased fibre content. 2. Chemical body components and composition of daily gain

The composition of the daily gain of pigs previously fed a high-fibre diet (HF) was investigated in 60 pigs growing from 25 to 105 kg body weight (BW) using a comparative slaughter technique. From 25 kg body weight (BW), the pigs were fed the HF diet up to 50 (group HF50) or 80 (group HF80) kg BW, followed by feeding with the conventional low-fibre diet (LF). The pigs of groups LF105 and HF105 were continuously fed diet LF or HF, respectively. When the HF diet was fed, the daily empty body gain of the HF50 and HF80 pigs was lower (P<0.05) compared with the LF105 animals. Similarly, the daily protein (P<0.01) and fat deposition (difference not significant) of the HF50 pigs was lower than in the LF group. The pigs of the HF80 group tended (P=0.09) to deposit less protein daily, and their daily fat deposition was lower (P<0.01) than in the LF105 animals. During the first stage of realimentation (50 to 80 kg BW), pigs from group HF50 grew faster and deposited more (P<0.01) protein daily (169 g) compared with the LF105 (132 g) and HF105 animals (139 g). Nonetheless, the pigs of groups HF50 and LF105 deposited similar amounts of fat (291 and 296 g, respectively), whereas those of group HF105, considerably less (208 g; P<0.05). During subsequent realimentation (80-105 kg BW) the empty body gain of pigs did not differ significantly among groups (on average 916 g). Despite the absence of differences in growth rates, daily protein accretion in the pigs from groups HF80 and HF105 tended (P<0.07) to be higher (by 14 g) compared with those from group LF105. During this period, pigs from groups HF50 and HF80 deposited more fat daily (on average by 110 g; P<0.01) than those of groups LF105 and HF105. These results prove that the compensatory response is closely associated with higher protein deposition and with better protein utilization for growth.
Effect of Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Oil on Lipid Peroxidation, Catalase activity and Hepatic Biomarker levels in Blood Plasma of Normo Rats

Dietary antioxidants are considered beneficial because of their potential protective role against oxidative stress, which is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease. The effect of feeding orange peel oil on lipid peroxidation, catalase and hepatic biomarkers in blood plasma of normo rats was investigated. Beside mouse chow, four diets were designed to contain 50% of energy as carbohydrate, 35% as fat, and 15% as protein, and one that was lipid-free diet which had distilled water substituted for fat. Groups of five rats were each fed one of these diets, while a fifth group was fed pelletized mouse chow. There was no significant difference in the amount of food consumed, though significant weight lost was observed in all groups except soybean oil. Feeding on orange peel oil led to significant (p<0.05) decrease in lipid peroxidation and catalase activities in comparison to soybean oil. Higher AST and lower ALT activities were observed in orange peel oil fed groups. These results suggest the oil from the orange peels possesses antioxidant potentials which could be protective against oxidative stress, thus useful in its treatment and management. However, the elevated levels of hepatic biomarkers pose a threat of hepatotoxicity thus suggesting that it should be consumed or used as a pharmaceutical ingredient at lower concentrations. KEYWORDS: Orange peel oil; Lipid peroxidation, Catalase; Hepatotoxicity
ASPECTS OF THE PHYLOGENY OF FIVE SPECIES OF PLATYHELMINTHES BASED ON TEGUMENTAL ULTRASTRUCTURE AND RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD-PCR) TECHNIQUE

The present study focuses on the body surface of some flatworms that the phylogenetic relationship of their taxa has been questionable. The study is also extended to investigate the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique as a method to evaluate molecular variations between members of these taxa. Representatives of the major flatworm taxa were chosen to define the degree of homology and diversity in the fine structure of the body wall. Aspidogaster conchicola was chosen as a representative of aspidogastrid trematodes, Cynodiplostomum azimi and Eumasenia aegypticus to represent digenetic trematodes, Macrogyrodactylus clarii as an example of monogenea and a caryophyllid species to represent monozoic eucestodes. Collective comparative results showed that certain types of inclusion bodies and vesicles were shared between some species, while others were very specific. Mitochondria appeared in different forms, sizes and regions reflecting the level of metabolic activity. In regards to the degree of development of the musculature of the body and attachment organs, Macrogyrodactylus clarii was the most developed as demonstrated with the thickness and arrangement of the muscle fibers. Two types of tegumental cells were observed in Aspidogaster conchicola, Eumasenia aegypticus and Macrogyrodactylus clarii , while both Cynodiplostomum azimi and the caryophyll id species had only one type. The size and electron density of the tegumental cells and their richness with inclusion bodies, vesicles, and glycogen granules were species specific. Phylogenetic analysis of the five species based on ultrastructural tegumental features confirmed the monophyletic status of all studied species; the caryophyll id species together with the two studied digenetic trematodes form one clade with 54% similarity value, while Macrogyrodactylus clari i and Aspidogaster conchicola are derived from one clade with a similarity value of 75%. The studied species were genetically differentiated and the similarity coefficient was detected by means of RAPD technique using five random primers. A high similarity value was detected between the caryophyll id species and Cynodiplostomun azimi (76%) and between Macrogyrodactylus clari i and Aspidogaster conchicola (71%), while a low similarity value was scored between Aspidogaster conchicola and Cynodiplostomum azimi (42%).
Flax: The genus Linum

Linum usitatissimum is a widely distributed plant that has a long history of traditional use as both an industrial oil and fiber crop. It is known as linseed in the United Kingdom, or flax in North America. For the last 15 years, there has been a steadily growing interest in the medicinal and nutraceutical value of flax, including experimental evidence for its use in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular and kidney diseases.This volume is a comprehensive review of the genus covering all aspects of the taxonomy, chemistry, cultivation, pharmacology and commercial uses of flax. It describes the disease prevention potential of these plants. With material written by leading experts, Flax: The Genus Linum will be an invaluable reference for those interested in nutraceuticals, medicinal plants, pharmacy and agronomy.
Plant neighbours mediate bird predation effects on arthropod abundance and herbivory

Tritrophic interactions among plants, herbivores and predators are expected to be influenced by the surrounding vegetation. Neighbouring plants can influence focal plant colonisation by herbivorous insects and the foraging behaviour of natural enemies, such as insectivorous birds. The aim of the experiment was to disentangle the interactive effects of neighbouring plants and avian predation on arthropod abundance and insect leaf damage in oak tree seedlings, using exclusion cages and vegetation removal. The presence or removal of surrounding herbaceous vegetation differentially mediated top‐down effects of insectivorous birds on distinct arthropod guilds and herbivore damage in seedlings. Avian predation reduced sawfly larval abundance regardless of the presence of plant neighbours; lepidopteran larval abundance only when plant neighbours were removed; and spider abundance only when plant neighbours were left intact. The removal of plant neighbours increased prey accessibility for foraging insectivorous birds and decreased chewer damage on seedlings. The density of concealed‐feeder insects (leaf miners) increased with plant neighbour removal and when seedlings were less damaged by chewer guild, suggesting intraguild competition. These results highlight the strong indirect effects of neighbouring vegetation on tritrophic interactions involving a focal plant species, its associated herbivores and the upper trophic level of predators.
A NOTE ON THE MATING RITUAL AND BIOLOGY OF ELEODES HISPILABRIS CONNEXA (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)1

Field and laboratory observations were made on the courtship, mating, oviposi tion, eggs, and larvae of a desert-inhabiting tenebrionid beetle. The courtship ritual as an active process is described. The male mating ritual is altered after prolonged confinement but can be re-established in the laboratory. Reproductive behavior seems to be dependent upon temperature rather than photoperiod. Some aspcts of the ritual suggest a female sex attractant. The function of the male femoral spur in mating is also described. A total of about 400 specimens of Eleodes hispilabris connexa LeC. were observed in the laboratory and thousands of matings were wit nessed in the field. The field study was conducted on the Rattlesnake Springs Radioecology Facility near the western boundary of the Hanford Reservation, Benton County, Washington. This area is vege
Factors affecting the nutrient stress response of the hybrid sunflower Helianthus anomalus

We examined how plant traits related to growth and resource use have evolved during hybrid speciation and specialization into stressful habitats. Two desert sunflower species of homoploid hybrid origin are endemic to habitats with lower soil nutrient levels than those of their ancestral parent species. We hypothesized that the hybrid species would exhibit greater tolerance to low levels of soil nutrients than their parental species. The two hybrid species, Helianthus anomalus and H. deserticola, and their parental species, H. annuus and H. petiolaris, were compared for plant traits and growth through reproduction under three nutrient levels in a glasshouse study. An additional seedling study compared species for maximum seedling relative growth rate under optimum conditions. The hybrid species did have greater tolerance of nutrient limitation than the parental species, demonstrated by a resistance to change in stem height and diameter growth across treatments. A similar pattern was observed in total biomass at final harvest. This ability to maintain growth may be partially explained by maintained investment in photosynthetic enzymes regardless of nutrient treatment. Though the hybrid species were more tolerant of nutrient stress, differences in the hybrid response to nutrient stress compared to the parental species’ response were much smaller than expected from habitat comparisons. Helianthus anomalus has evolved a classic stress tolerant phenotype, having long leaf lifespan, tough leaves, and slower early seedling relative growth rate. While both hybrid species have a conservative growth strategy conferring greater stress tolerance than parental species, functional
Quality international schools in Kuwait? : history, ideology, and practice

XVIII AUTHOR’S RELATED PUBLICATION XX CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research problem and justification 2 1.2 Importance of the study 3 1.3 Research questions 5 1.4 Conceptual framework 6 1.5 Research literature 7 1.6 Research methodology 8 1.7 Thesis structure 10 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 2.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Contralateral Repeated Bout Effect (CRBE) in Human Skeletal Muscle

I investigated the existence of the CRBE and tested if the attenuation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB; an important regulator of muscle inflammation) induction following eccentric exercise is a potential mechanism. Thirty-one healthy men performed two bouts of knee extension eccentric exercise, initially with one leg, and then with the opposite leg five weeks later. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of both exercised and control legs were taken 3 h post-exercise. Knee extension isometric and isokinetic strength (60°/sec and 180°/sec) were measured at baseline, pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and once/day for five days post-exercise. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and muscle soreness were assessed at baseline and once/day for five days postexercise. NF-κB (p65) DNA-binding activity was measured in the muscle biopsies. Isometric strength loss was lower in bout 2 than in bout 1 at 24 h, 72 h, and 96 h postexercise (P < 0.05). Isokinetic strength (60°/sec and 180°/sec) was reduced less in bout 2 than in bout 1 at 72 h post-exercise (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between bouts for post-exercise CK activity or muscle soreness. p65 DNA-binding activity was increased following eccentric exercise (as compared to the control leg) in bout 1 (122.9% ± 2.6%; P < 0.001) and bout 2 (109.1% ± 3.0%; P < 0.05). Compared
Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction Using Hamstring Tendon at the Order of Malta's Hospital Center in Dakar

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture constitutes the main injury in modern sport. We have been interested in an arthroscopic reconstruction of the ACL using hamstring tendons. This is a prospective study covering a period of 58 months. Eighty-one patients aged 28.60 ± 8.77 years were included. The objective functional evaluation was performed using the IKDC and Lysholm scales; radiographic evaluation using the Aglietti method and laximetry using the GNRB® arthrometer. The mean follow-up for the evaluation was 12.80 ± 3.27 months. The anatomo-clinical results obtained were very satisfactory and allow us to conclude that this is a reliable, low-iatrogenic technique with low morbidity and rapid functional recovery, compatible with the requirements of high-level sports.
Effects of metabolite levels on hibernation of ground squirrels

Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression found in several animals. For most of hibernation, animals experience a state of deep torpor. It reduces metabolic, heart, and respiratory rates while dropping body temperatures to around 0° C. However, while in winter hibernation, it has been observed that animals regularly reverse torpor at measurable intervals. Methodologies to identify the metabolite levels of interest are presented in this analysis. Variables such as time, body temperature, and weight loss were used to explore metobolite responses through means of linear, harmonic, and stepwise regression. As a result, several metabolite levels were found to be associated with the euthermic-torpor cycling in ground squirrels.
Fgf regulated cadherin expression in cranial nucleogenesis

A recurrent and evolutionarily ancient mode of neuronal organisation juxtaposes functionally related neurons in to so called neuronal nuclei. Neuronal nuclei are the predominant mode of organisation of motor neurons in the vertebrate hindbrain. The coalescence of nuclei during development, a process known as nucleogenesis, is a crucial step in the construction of neural circuits. However, the signals and molecules which govern nucleogenesis are currently not understood. This study demonstrates that members of the classical (Type II) sub family of cadherin cell-cell adhesion molecules are differentially expressed in cranial motor nuclei of rhombomere (r) 5 and 8 as well as the auditory nuclei of r5 in the chicken hindbrain. The dynamic and differential expression of type II cadherins drives the segregation of motor neurons into spatially distinct nuclei. Normalising the type II cadherin expression profile between two motor nuclei; the dorsal Facial Motor Nucleus and Accessory Abducens Nucleus leads to nucleus desegregation, as indicated by aberrant intermixing of neuronal populations. Refinement of the dynamic cadherin expression in r5 is modulated by Fibroblast Growth Factors (Fgf); specifically Fgf8 which is expressed within r5 itself and mediates its action through the MAPK/ERK signalling pathway. Both up and down regulation of this signalling pathway results in the disruption of nucleogenesis, with associated alterations in cadherin expression. Taken together this suggests a model whereby Fgf signalling modulates the dynamic expression of cadherins, which in turn drives cranial nucleogenesis.
Co‐management without involvement: the plight of fishing communities

This paper discusses the role of fishing communities in the stewardship of their adjacent fish resources, and the benefits associated with community participation in co-management. Contrary to the view of most fisheries management agencies, local communities are able to design institutions that can successfully restore equity and limit access to the fishery. The dismissal of local concerns may be at the root of biological and social crises in fisheries, and the privatization of common fishing rights world-wide through individual transferable quotas (ITQs) is contributing to these problems. Community involvement that is embedded into a network of management at larger spatial scales would allow fishing communities to regain some control over their livelihoods. Meaningful co-management arrangements must go beyond consultation by redirecting the flow of social and economic benefits from the fishery back into communities. Unless geographically defined communities are allowed to share power and responsibility with government fisheries managers, both fish stocks and fishing as a way of life are in danger of vanishing.
Gli2 gene-environment interactions contribute to the etiological complexity of holoprosencephaly: evidence from a mouse model

ABSTRACT Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a common and severe human developmental abnormality marked by malformations of the forebrain and face. Although several genetic mutations have been linked to HPE, phenotypic outcomes range dramatically, and most cases cannot be attributed to a specific cause. Gene-environment interaction has been invoked as a premise to explain the etiological complexity of HPE, but identification of interacting factors has been extremely limited. Here, we demonstrate that mutations in Gli2, which encodes a Hedgehog pathway transcription factor, can cause or predispose to HPE depending upon gene dosage. On the C57BL/6J background, homozygous GLI2 loss of function results in the characteristic brain and facial features seen in severe human HPE, including midfacial hypoplasia, hypotelorism and medial forebrain deficiency with loss of ventral neurospecification. Although normally indistinguishable from wild-type littermates, we demonstrate that mice with single-allele Gli2 mutations exhibit increased penetrance and severity of HPE in response to low-dose teratogen exposure. This genetic predisposition is associated with a Gli2 dosage-dependent attenuation of Hedgehog ligand responsiveness at the cellular level. In addition to revealing a causative role for GLI2 in HPE genesis, these studies demonstrate a mechanism by which normally silent genetic and environmental factors can interact to produce severe outcomes. Taken together, these findings provide a framework for the understanding of the extreme phenotypic variability observed in humans carrying GLI2 mutations and a paradigm for reducing the incidence of this morbid birth defect. Summary: This work illustrates how a specific genetic predisposition in combination with exposure to an environmental factor can result in a severe birth defect, providing a new opportunity to develop prevention strategies.