Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Always Present and Spectrum Sensing based Incumbent Emulators

: Cognitive radio (CR) technology has been suggested for the effective use of spectral resources. Spectrum sensing is one of the main operations of CR users to identify the vacant frequency bands. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is used to increase the performance of CR networks by providing spatial diversity. The accuracy of spectrum sensing is the most important challenge in the CSS process since the sensing performance is vulnerable to security attacks. Primary user emulation attack (PUEA) is one of the most important attacks, where a malicious attacker sends the signal similar to the signal of the legitimate primary user (PU) and deceives the CR sensors to avoid them from accessing the spectrum holes. In this paper, we investigate two different strategies for the attacker. Always present (AP) and spectrum sensing (SS) based strategies. In the AP scenario, the PUEA, without performing spectrum sensing, continuously sends its fake signals. In SS based PUEA, the attacker senses the spectrum to identify the spectrum holes and then only sends its signals in idle frequency bands. Assuming the attack strategy, we estimate normalized attack power factor (NAPF) to obtain an optimal value of the energy detection threshold. The parameter NAPF is the ratio of the average emitted power of the attacker to the average power of the PU transmitter. The obtained results verify the superiority of the proposed energy detection approach compared to the existing conventional methods.
Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Profile of Green Tea: An Overview

Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages throughout the world. Tea is extracted from plant named Camellia sinesis . Among different variety of teas, green tea found to have a large number of health benefits. Green tea is prepared by special methods of preparation which greatly influences the disease treating properties of green tea. Earlier many invitro researches on animal models proves that the key component catechins , poly phenols and antioxidants present in green tea are responsible for producing beneficial affects against diseases. Being unadulterated and having very lilttle side effects the consumption of green tea is increasing worldwide. Various Epidemiological evidence shows that the components rich in antioxidants reduce the incidence of morbidities and mortalities. In ancient times Chinese used green tea to treat everything from headache to depression but the exact mode of action was not known to them. But as time passed on research revealed the exact mechanism of action of green . The major flavanoids in green tea are catechins, epicatechin(EC),epigallocatechin (EGC), ,epicatechingallate (ECG), epigallocatechingallate (EGCG). Among this EGCG is the most active component whose action is beneficial in treatment of diseases. The main interest in this review is on the amazing actions of green tea which provides variability in treating diseases which may be caused by a pathogen or to treat a fatal disease also like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases, viral diseases, arthritis, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, dental caries.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Facial Asymmetry of Healthy Hispanic Caucasian Children

The objective of this study was to conduct a quantitative analysis of facial asymmetry of healthy Hispanic Caucasian children residing in Central Texas, USA. 3D facial surface images of healthy Hispanic Caucasian participants (41 boys, 39 girls) currently residing in Central Texas, USA (aged 7 and 12 years) were obtained using a 3dMDcranial system (3dMD, Atlanta, GA) under an approved IRB protocol. Facial features of each hemiface (left and right) were quantified using 27 anthropometric distances between 22 facial landmarks computed from the 3D facial surface images. Two types of distances were included: 1) Euclidean (2 orbital, 3 nasal, 8 oral, and 6 profile) and 2) Geodesic (1 orbital, 1 nasal, 6 profile) distances. The ratio of each facial feature of the left hemiface to the corresponding facial feature of the right hemiface was calculated. The one-sample Student’s t test with a Bonferroni correction was employed to assess the extent of facial asymmetry. Overall, for both genders, the facial features from the right side are larger than those from the left side. It was found that healthy Hispanic Caucasian children have fairly symmetric faces. However, the data suggest that there is a statistically significant asymmetry of facial features for healthy Hispanic Caucasian children. For example, the ratio of the nostril (sbal – sn) was asymmetric for healthy Hispanic Caucasian boys and the ratio between the Geodesic distances from tragion to nasion (t – n) was asymmetric for both genders. The result of this study is consistent with previous studies of other racial/ethnic groups. This information will serve as reference data for surgeons who conduct reconstructive surgery for children with congenital deformities of their faces.
Syncope, syllabic consonant formation, and the distribution of stressed vowels in English

Post-tonic synope in English (Received Pronunciation) optionally deletes a schwa between a stressed and an unstressed vowel ( gen ( e ) ral ), but it cannot apply if the vowel following the schwa is stressed ( gen *( e ) rate ), or if no vowel follows ( happ *( e ) n ). Syncope is thus triggered by a metrical lapse of unstressed vowels. In addition, short stressed vowels cannot occur in an open syllable in English (Stress-to-Weight), except when preceding a single consonant and a vowel. Hammond (1997a) analyses such seemingly open stressed syllables in words like gen ( e ) ral as closed by a virtual geminate. I argue that post-tonic syncope can be understood as another means of satisfying the Stress-to-Weight requirement, closing the stressed syllable in a different way, at the same time avoiding a metrical lapse. In addition, surprisingly, English post-tonic syncope is sensitive to the quality of the flanking consonants: the consonant following the alternating vowel must be a sonorant which is more sonorous than the consonant preceding it ( del *( i ) cate, col *( o ) ny ). These are the same conditions as those applying to syllabic consonant formation, which can be regarded as a stage preceding syncope, explaining the melodic restrictions. I analyse the interplay of different forces in Stratal Optimality Theory, employing Government Phonological representations.
Determination of the fi ve parameter grain boundary character distribution of nanocrystalline alpha-zirconium thin fi lms using transmission electron microscopy

Grain boundary engineering and other fundamental materials science problems (e.g., phase transformations and physical properties) require an improvement in the understanding of the type and population of grain boundaries in a given system e yet, databases are limited in number and spare in detail, including for hcp crystals such as zirconium. One way to rapidly obtain databases to analyze is to use small-grained materials and high spatial resolution orientation microscopy techniques, such as ASTARTM/precession electron diffraction. To demonstrate this, a study of grain boundary character distributions was conducted for a-zirconium deposited at room temperature on fused silica substrates using physical vapor deposition. The orientation maps of the nanocrystalline thin films were acquired by the ASTARTM/precession electron diffraction technique, a new transmission electron microscope based orientation microscopy method. The reconstructed grain boundaries were classified as pure tilt, pure twist, 180! -twist and 180! -tilt grain boundaries based on the distribution of grain boundary planes with respect to the angle/axis of misorientation associated with grain boundaries. The results of the current study were compared to the results of a similar study on a-titanium and the molecular dynamics results of grain boundary energy for a-titanium. © 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Oceans or seas in the Martian northern lowlands: High resolution imaging tests of proposed coastlines

Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera images that were targeted specifically to observe locations where published accounts argue for the presence of landforms created by the interaction of a large body of water with Martian topography fail to reveal any evidence to support the hypothesis that the northern lowlands were once the site of oceans or seas. Given the difficulty of identifying ancient coastlines on Earth from orbital and aerial photography in the absence of field work, this result does not preclude the possibility that Mars once had large standing bodies of water on its surface, but calls into question shorelines previously proposed.
Investigation of precision grinding process for production of silicon diaphragms

The application of precision grinding for the formation of a silicon diaphragm is investigated. The test structures involved 2- 6m m diam diaphragms with thicknesses in the range of 25-150 mm. When grinding is performed without supporting the diaphragm, bending occurs due to nonuniform removal of the silicon material over the diaphragm region. The magnitude of bending depends on the final thickness of the diaphragm. The results demonstrate that the use of a porous silicon support can significantly reduce the amount of bending, by a factor of up to 300 in the case of 50 mm thick diaphragms. The use of silicon on insulator (SOI) technology can also suppress or eliminate bending al- though this may be a less economical process. Stress measurements in the diaphragms were performed using x-ray and Raman spectroscopies. The results show stress of the order of 1310 7 -1310 8 Pa in unsup- ported and supported by porous silicon diaphragms while SOI technol- ogy provides stress-free diaphragms. Results obtained from finite ele- ment method analysis to determine deterioration in the performance of a 6 mm diaphragm due to bending are presented. These results show a 10% reduction in performance for a 75 mm thick diaphragm with bending amplitude of 30 mm, but negligible reduction if the bending is reduced to
Phytoplankton photosynthesis-light relationship in the Pas estuary, Cantabria, Spain

The relationship between the photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) curves of natural phytoplankton assemblages and environmental conditions was investigated in a partially mixed estuary, the Pas. During an annual cycle, photosynthesis was measured both by in situ and laboratory (light-saturation curve) incubation methods. The initial slope (a) and the maximum photosynthetic rate (PDrnax) of P-I curves changed significantly over the year. The parameter (a" ranged from 0.001 to 0.04 mgC(mgCh1a) l h-' (FE m-' S l) and PBrnax ranged from 0.6 to 15 mgC(mgCh1a)-' h-'. Maxima for both aB and PBrnax occurred when the community of phytoplankton was dominated by small cell (small diatoms, Cryptornonas sp.) and the minima were obtained when the extinction coefficient was highest. In field (in situ) incubations, the production normalized to chlorophyll a (Pi) correlated positively with salinity and negatively with the nutrient concentration.
Pyrolysis oil upgrading to transportation fuels by catalytic hydrotreatment

The use of Ru/C (5 %-wt.) as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of fast pyrolysis oil was explored at 350 C and 200 bar pressure in a batch reactor set-up. The main objective was to determine the effect of the reaction time on the oil yield and elemental compositions of the product phases. Highest oil yields (65 %-wt.) were obtained after 4 h using a 5 %-wt. intake of catalyst on fast pyrolysis oil. Longer reaction times lead to a reduction of the oil yield due to the formation of gas phase components (methane, ethane, propane, CO/CO2). A solvent-solvent extraction procedure was applied to gain insights in the molecular processes during the catalytic hydrotreatment experiments. It appears that specifically the carbohydrate fraction is very reactive. The observations are rationalized by a set of reaction pathways for the various product phases. Insights in the Hydrotreatment of Fast Pyrolysis Oil using a Ruthenium on Carbon Catalyst 84
Influence of preparation height and luting agent type on crown retention in molars

Aim: Mechanical characteristics of the preparation along with luting agent are significant elements on the maintenance of fixed prostheses. This study aimed at assessing the retention of metal complete crowns luted with two different luting agents under different preparation height. Methods: Forty human third molars were selected and prepared to receive total crowns, and were randomly divided in 4 groups: (1) 5-mm preparation height (PH) and RelyX U100 self-adhesive resin cement (SA); (2) 5-mm PH and zinc phosphate (ZP); (3) 3-mm PH and SA; and (4) 3-mm PH and ZP. Crowns were cast in nickel-chromium alloy. The tensile strength was tested in a universal testing machine. Results: Mean tensile strength values to crown displacement (kgf) and standard deviation were 39.6 (13.0) for group 1; 16.9 (8.1) for group 2; 32.2 (7.9) for group 3; and 10.6 (3.2) for group 4. Overall, the crowns cemented with SA presented significantly higher mean tensile strength values than ZP, and the 5-mm PH presented significantly higher mean tensile strength values than 3-mm PH. Conclusions: The self-adhesive resin cement and higher preparation height improved crown retention.
A Survey to Understand Emotional Situations on the Road and What They Mean for Affective Automotive UIs

In this paper, we present the results of an online survey (N = 170) on emotional situations on the road. In particular, we asked potential early adopters to remember a situation where they felt either an intense positive or negative emotion while driving. Our research is motivated by imminent disruptions in the automotive sector due to automated driving and the accompanying switch to selling driving experiences over horsepower. This creates a need to focus on the driver’s emotion when designing in-car interfaces. As a result of our research, we present a set of propositions for affective car interfaces based on real-life experiences. With our work we aim to support the design of affective car interfaces and give designers a foundation to build upon. We find respondents often connect positive emotions with enjoying their independence, while negative experiences are associated mostly with traffic behavior. Participants who experienced negative situations wished for better information management and a higher degree of automation. Drivers with positive emotions generally wanted to experience the situation more genuinely, for example, by switching to a “back-to-basic” mode. We explore these statements and discuss recommendations for the design of affective interfaces in future cars.
(DSP-FPGA) based multiple motors control system

There are so many applications that have more than one motor t o be controlled dependently or independently at the same time with high performance low cost control system. This paper presents a Multiple Motors Control System with high performance and low cost for a variety of applications. The proposed technique is DSP and FPGA based system. An external FPGA structural design is interfaced with the PWM Generation Unit of the DSP board for the use of Multiple Motors Control using one DSP Processor, like the Mixed Signals ADSP-21992, with one PWM Generation Unit to reduc e the overall cost and complexity of the multiple motors control system. Simulation and experimental results are achieved successfully and introduced in this paper.
EFFECTS OF STARVATION AND RE-FEEDING ON COMPENSATORY GROWTH PERFORMANCE, PLASMA METABOLITES AND IGF-I GENE EXPRESSION OF PERSIAN STURGEON (ACIPENSER PERSICUS, BORODIN 1897)

The effects of starvation and subsequent re-feeding on compensatory growth performance, blood serum metabolites and IGF-ImRNA expression in liver and muscle were investigated in juvenile Persian sturgeon. Growth indices including body weight, SGR, CF, and HSI significantly decreased after starvation. However, after re-feeding sturgeons that were starved for 1 week reached the same weight as the control, indicating that complete compensatory growth had occurred. Conversely, sturgeon in longer periods of starvation showed only partial growth compensation. HSI values decreased significantly during starvation, although they returned to the control fish levels after re-feeding. Plasma levels of glucose and insulin during starvation and re-feeding did not significantly change. This suggests that sturgeon is able to maintain glycaemia during starvation, probably due to their non-carbohydrates source dietary. Plasma total lipid level in un-fed treatments, however, was found to increase, possibly as a mechanism to utilise lipids as a fuel during starvation. IGF-I mRNA expression in liver and muscle increased during starvation and decreased after re-feeding. However, changes in the IGF-I mRNA expression were not significantly different among treatments. These results indicate that a periodic short-term starvation in Persian sturgeon does not adversely sacrifice overall fish weight gain and sturgeon can realise compensatory growth.
Multidimensional Learning , Job Mobility , and Earnings Dynamics ∗

Various types of uncertainties can coexist and jointly affect young workers’ decisions. This paper newly introduces the possibility of multidimensional learning about worker ability and job match quality to a model of work decisions under search frictions. In this setup, worker ability can affect job change and individual employment through an information channel. This mechanism produces a unique prediction which is testable if there exists a measure of unknown ability. I estimate the life-cycle structural model, which also allows flexible general and job-specific skill accumulation, by indirect inference using a sample from the NLSY79 data. From simulation results on life-cycle earnings dynamics, I find that the contribution of job shopping to average earnings growth is much higher than previous estimates; also, individual heterogeneity in earnings growth is mostly explained by the process of resolving uncertainties.
A GENERAL DATA-DRIVEN ALGORITHM FOR FAÇADE STRUCTURE MODELING USING GROUND BASED LASER DATA

Facade reconstruction from laser point cloud has been an interesting subject in Photogrammetric community for the last two decades. However, due to the variety of architecture types and the nature of laser data, proposing a fully automatic modelling algorithm is still a challenge. Irregular architecture, density variation, occlusion and noise level are the main hindering factors of proposing a general model for facade reconstruction. This paper describes the sequences of an automatic data- driven method which starts from raw laser data and ends with object extraction. Statistical analysis was frequently utilized in segmentation, splitting line detection and object characterization. A rule-based modification method was employed to model the complexity of facade layout. Developed interface enables non-expert user to interact with modelling process by setting few parameters. The method was tested over a couple of datasets.
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Service organisations resilience through the application of the vanguard method of systems thinking : A case study approach

The construct of organisational resilience is embedded in a set of individual level attributes and organisational level processes; however, there seems to be scarcity in the current literature of resilient models of operation that can amalgamate these two interlinked levels. This paper is an attempt to empirically explore the relationship of applying the Vanguard Method of systems thinking in service organisations with enhancing organisational resilience. Two case studies were conducted in two service organisations in the UK. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, observations, and archival documents, followed by the use of the nine-item Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). Cross-case analysis of the results shows that the employment of the Vanguard Method in service organisations operationalized two-dimensional determinants for improving organisational resilience; an organically structured organisation (i.e. organisational level), and highly affectively committed core employees (i.e. individual level). The value of this paper is the identification of two-level service organisations capabilities that can support organisational resilience and how these capabilities emerge as a result of employing the Vanguard Method.
Advances in Low Volume Sample Analysis Using Microfluidic Separation Techniques

During the last decades, a great interest has been shown for miniaturised separation tech‐ niques. The use of microfluidic techniques fulfills the constant needs for increasing sam‐ ple throughput and analysis sensitivity, while reducing costs and sample volume consumption. In this chapter, three microfluidic separation techniques will be addressed: capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. A special at‐ tention will be paid to miniaturised liquid chromatography, with a deep investigation of its advantages compared with classical liquid chromatography. Sample preparation adapted to low volumes (a few μl) will also be discussed.
Real Time Violence Detection in Video with ViF and Horn-Schunck

We evaluated the performance of ViF in violence datasets varying the optic flow algorithm, we used Iterative Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS), Horn-Schunck and LucasKanade. As datasets, a Crowded and Hockey datasets were used, also we built a new dataset with videos taken from surveillance cameras, we named it Surveillance Videos (SV). In Hockey dataset Horn-Schunck had a better performance, but in SV and Crowded datasets IRLS was better. We also evaluated the computational cost processing two frames, Horn-Schunck had a very low cost of 0.25 seconds against 7.80 seconds of IRLS so we could use it in real time
Technical Efficiency Analysis of Small Scale Cassava Farmers in Cross River State, Nigeria: A Stochastic Production Frontier Approach

The stochastic production frontier was employed in the analysis of the technical efficiency of small scale cassava farmers in Cross River State. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted in selecting two hundred (200) cassava farmers from Ikom and Ogoja Agricultural zones in the State. Structured questionnaires were used in collecting data for the study. A stochastic production function, using the Maximum Likelihood Estimating (MLE) technique, was used in estimating the farmer's technical efficiency and their determinants in the study area. The mean technical efficiency of the cassava farmer's was 89%. The result of the generalized Likelihood Ratio (LR) tests confirm that the cassava farmers were technically inefficient, implying that there is room to improve technical efficiency with the farmers' current resource base and available technology. Age and sex of the farmers had negative but significant effect on their technical efficiency, while education, family size, farming experience and farm size had significant and positive influence on farmer's technical efficiency. Therefore, policies that would encourage experienced and educated farmers, especially women to continue in cassava farming are recommended.