Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representation and Acquisition of Linguistic Knowledge: Perspectives of the Rationalist and the Empiricist

In second language teaching and learning, acquisition of knowledge is a multidimensional concept. Several concepts have been advocated by different theorists. All the theories are grounded in peculiar philosophical underpinnings that seem to have sound bases. This current paper critically examines the theories of representation and acquisition of linguistic knowledge from the standpoints of the rationalists and the empiricists. The method used in this paper is qualitative content analysis. With this analysis, the paper is segmented into five themes. These are the introduction, the method, review of literature, pedagogical perspective, and the conclusion. The literature review critically examines the viewpoints of the rationalists and the empiricists on the ultimate source of knowledge, mechanisms of acquisition, and characteristics of the initial state. These parts constitute the pivotal thematic areas of the main argument of the two schools of thoughts.
Social Media-Facilitated Programming: An ARG Model for Collaborative Programming

Internet-based tools and social media are greatly developed in the tech world. Today, technology is widely accepted and used by all generations. These tools are great and very useful for students in terms of learning, collaboration and information sharing. We aim to present a model for learning programming in social learning environments with the context of the Affinity Research Group (ARG) model. The proposed model is called “Learning Programming in Social Environments within Affinity Group (LPSEAG)”. We test the proposed model for two academic years. A comparative approach was used. In the experiment, we divide the students into two categories: (1) Learn programming in the context of using the LPSEAG model, (2) Learn programming in the context of social media groups. Qualitative and quantitative results are compared for the two categories. From the results obtained it was clearly found that the students’ satisfaction was high on working within a group using the LPSEAG model compared to the responses of students that use social media groups only. Moreover, the quantitative results supports the assumptions that the use of LPSEAG model in learning programming in the introductory programming courses enhances the learning outcomes. Learning programming in groups enhances the learning outcomes for students whatever the student’s programming level. Teachers are encouraged to create students’ programming groups and implement LPSEAG model to increase learning outcomes and facilitate learning environments for students over-distance. More researches are needed to develop CVLEs which encourage students to learn programming with teams over distance.
Syntheses And Characterizations Of Poly(ε-Caprolactone-b-Ethylene Glycol Methyl Ether) Block Copolymers Via Ring-Opening Polymerization And "Click" Chemistry

Poly(ε-caprolactone-block-ethylene glycol methyl ether) [poly(RCL-b-mEG)] block copolymers were synthesized by "click" chemistry of polyethylene glycol methyl ether propargyl (mPEG-propargyl) and poly(ε-caprolactone) azido (RPCL-N3). Thus, mPEG-propargyl was acquired through the reaction of polyethylene glycol methyl ether with propargyl bromine. 2-[2-(2-Azidoethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol (N3ol) was synthesized by using 2-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol and sodium azide. Synthesis of RPCL-N3 was acquired using ROP of ε-caprolactone and N3ol. By using mPEG-propargyl and RPCL-N3, poly(RCL-b-mEG) block copolymers were obtained via "click" chemistry. The monofunctional homopolymers in the study were utilized for the syntheses of poly(RCL-b-mEG) block copolymers. The outputs were identified by scanning electron microscopy, H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and dynamic light scattering instruments. The spectroscopic and thermal analysis of the block copolymers monitor that the copolymers were built through combination of ROP and "click" chemistry.
Building Machine Learning Force Fields of Proteins with Fragment-Based Approach and Transfer Learning

Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation plays an essential role in understanding protein functions at atomic level. At present, MD simulations on proteins are mainly based on classical force fields. However, the accuracy of classical force fields for proteins is still insufficient for accurate descriptions of their structures and dynamical properties. Here we present a novel protocol to construct machine learning force field (MLFF) for a given protein with full quantum mechanics (QM) accuracy. In this protocol, the energy of the target system is obtained by fitting energies of its various subsystems constructed with the generalized energy-based fragmentation (GEBF) approach. To facilitate the construction of MLFF for various proteins, a protein’s data library is created to store all data of subsystems generated from trained proteins. With this protein’s data library, for a new protein only its subsystems with new topological types are required for the construction of the corresponding MLFF. This protocol is illustrated with two polypeptides, 4ZNN and 1XQ8 segment, as examples. The energies and forces predicted from this MLFF are in good agreement with those from density functional theory calculations, and dihedral angle distributions from GEBF-MLFF MD simulations can also well reproduce those from ab initio MD simulations. Therefore, this GEBF-ML protocol is expected to be an efficient and systematic way to build force fields for proteins and other biological systems with QM accuracy.
Influence of Mechanochemical Effect on Al-(O,OH) Polyhedron of Kaolinite

The influence of mechanochemical effect on Al-(O,OH) polyhedron of kaolinite was investigated using X-ray diffraction,infrared spectrum,magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance,scanning electron microscope and hydrochloride acid leaching methods,compared with the thermal activation of kaolinite.The results showed that the Al-(O,OH) octahedron of kaolinite was distorted gradually due to the mechanochemical effect,giving rise to an active substance with long-range disorder,in the simultaneous presence of 4-,5-and 6-coordinated Al.The AlVI in this substance was more abundant than that in metakaolinite,which was obtained through thermal activation.The mechanochemical effect also led to the dehydroxylation of Al-(O,OH) octahedron of kaolinite,whereas part of the water involved in the structure of the active substance through coordination or hydrogen bond.The coordinated water was associated with Al,giving a new AlVI coordination of [AlO5(H2O)]. The activity of the AlVI in [AlO5(H2O)] was the same as the AlV in \,and higher than the AlVI of \ in metakaolinite.
Customer satisfaction in online meeting platforms: Impact of efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, and privacy

As it is known business rely on the customers, which means the profitability of any company change depending on customer demand. Due to that, it is necessary to treat customers as the central factor of the market. In another meaning, Customer satisfaction is very important issue to a company’s business performance. In this regard, the purpose of this project was to determine the Impact of service quality on the customer satisfaction in the online meeting platforms. By means of service quality, we tested the impact of efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, and privacy on the customer satisfaction. Though conducting a survey data was collected. Different nationalities from various universities participated in this study including Kurdish, Turkish, Arabic, Turkmen, Indian, Pakistan, Uzbek, Nigerian and British with having different position such as head of the faculty, instructor, academic staff, head of the department and etc. in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Based on the result fulfillment, privacy issues were affected the customer satisfaction mostly.
Supplying Woolens for Cristóbal Balenciaga: A Comparative Analysis of the Commercial Strategies of Garigue and Agnona (1947–1968)

Abstract Textile converter Garigue (founded in 1947 in London, United Kingdom) and manufacturer Agnona (established in 1953 in Borgosesia, Italy) both became, shortly after their foundation, notable haute couture woolen suppliers. The House of Balenciaga played a crucial role in their success. This paper will analyze the history of these businesses and the marketing strategies they employed in order to gain the favor of Balenciaga, an alliance that became a profitable strategy in itself. These two case studies will contribute to the scarce literature on the textile suppliers whose products informed Cristobal Balenciaga’s creations.
Museums as supportive workplaces: an empirical enquiry in the UK museum workforce

ABSTRACT Museums’ vibrancy and viability are heavily dependent on supporting the development and well-being of talented and dedicated people. Although issues of organisational culture and good management have gained increasing importance for the sector, there is little empirical research on how leadership and day-to-day work conditions in museums shape workers’ job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Framed through organisation theory, this paper draws on survey data from UK museum staff and volunteers to examine the role of transformational leadership in driving workforce job satisfaction and organisational commitment outcomes, as mediated by key job resources and demands. Our findings show that where a transformational approach to leadership effectively communicates a shared organisational mission there is a positive impact on worker attitudes. Practical measures are suggested on how museum leaders can achieve such outcomes by inviting worker participation in decision-making, promoting a sense of task significance, highlighting impact on museum beneficiaries and reducing role ambiguity.
Hybrid model-based framework for alarm anticipation

Modern chemical plants consist of a number of integrated and interlinked process units. When an abnormal situation occurs, the automation system alerts the operators through alarms. In this work, we introduce a new type of alarms, known as anticipatory alarms, aimed to enable operators to orient holistically to the abnormal situation. These anticipatory alarms are developed based on an alarm anticipation algorithm that utilizes dynamic process models to offer an accurate short-term prediction of the process state. In particular, these models predict the rate-of-change of process variables, which are then translated into predictions of time horizons for occurrence of various critical alarms. Anticipatory alarms seek to improve the sensemaking facilities offered to the operator through advance warning of impending alarms. As a result, operators can adopt a more proactive approach in managing abnormal situations. The benefits of anticipatory alarms have been demonstrated through six fault scenarios in a depr.
Balanced Ambipolar Organic Thin-Film Transistors Operated under Ambient Conditions: Role of the Donor Moiety in BDOPV-Based Conjugated Copolymers

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are receiving an increased amount of attention because of their intriguing advantages such as flexibility, low cost, and solution processability. Development of organic conjugated polymers with balanced ambipolar carrier transportation operated under ambient conditions, in particular, is considered to be one of the central issues in OFETs. In this work, the 3,7-bis[(E)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene]-3,7-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-2,6-dione (BDOPV) unit as a good acceptor unit was copolymerized with three donor moieties, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT), benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT), and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]diselenophene (BDSe), to construct three donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers, BDOPV–TT, BDOPV–BDT, and BDOPV–BDSe. Photophysical and electrochemical properties of all the polymers were characterized. The fabrication of OFETs using three polymers as the active layers demonstrated that all the three polymers showed balanced ambipolar transport properties tes.
Employing Finite Element Analysis and Robust Control Concepts in Mechatronic System Design-Flexible Manipulator Case Study

The paper deals with development of a methodology for mechatronic system design using state-of-the-art model-based system engineering methods. A simple flexible robotic arm is considered as a benchmark problem for the evaluation of various techniques used in the phases of modelling, analysis, control system design, validation, and implementation. The flexible nature of the mechanical structure introduces inherently oscillatory dynamics in the target bandwidth range, which complicates all the above-mentioned design steps. This paper demonstrates the process of deriving a complex nonlinear model of the flexible arm setup. An initial idea about the plant dynamics is acquired from analytical modelling using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. A more thorough understanding is subsequently acquired from finite element analysis. Linearisation and order reduction are the next steps necessary for the derivation of a simplified control-relevant model. A time-dependent variable parameter of load mass position is considered and a robust controller is subsequently designed in order to fulfil certain performance criteria for all the admissible plant configurations. This is performed using a recent H-infinity loop shaping method for fixed structure controller design. The results are validated by means of a physical plant, comparing the experimental data with the model predictions.
Time Dependent Oral Microflora Changes in Removable Partial Denture Wearers

Background: Denture prostheses are significant interventions in oral environment for restoring lost formand function due to tooth loss. Little is known about change in microflora in removable partial denturewearers with age and time since denture delivery. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluateand compare the oral microbial flora pre and post insertion of removable partial denture at different timeintervals and age groups.Materials and Method: A sample of 60 patients wearing removable partial denture was included inthe study, 30 of age group 40-50 years (Group 1) and 30 of age group 50-60 years (Group 2). Sample ofunstimulated saliva was collected from the patient’s mouth from the distal most edentulous area using threesterile cotton swabs by one investigator. Colony count and identification of microorganisms was done.Results: The difference among mean colony counts between group 1 and 2 were not statistically significantat any of the three timeintervals. A statistically significant difference in colony counts was seen betweenbaseline, 1 month and 3 months in whole sample as well as both the age groups. Among various aerobicmicroorganisms, Streptococcus mitis, Diphtheroids and Candida Albicanswere the most prevailing aerobicmicro organism after 3 months of denture use, while among anaerobic organisms, Prophyromonasgingivaliswas the most prevalent microorganism after three months.Conclusion: A significant difference in colony count as well as colonizing microorganisms has been foundin the present study. This difference according to time is an important component in the affect of removablepartial denture on oral health of denture wearers. Age group was not a significant factor affecting microbialhealth in RPD wearers.
INXE and LRTE: Progress on Frequency Standards and Timescales

In this work, we overview some progresses of the Brazilian scientific program for time and frequency metrology. The results involve the development of an atomic fountain of Cs 133, a compact frequency standard with cold atoms and two new timescales contributing to TAI and UTC. These are different running experiments in two locations in Brazil and consists on a joint effort to develop infrastructure in the area.
Evaluation of pai-1 polymorphisms in central and peripheral thromboembolies

Thromboembolism is a clinical finding that occurs due to thrombus; formed in the vascular system and has various etiological factors. It can be classified as central and peripheral thromboembolism. Our objective in this study is to explore genetic risk factors in central and peripheral thromboembolism and reveal the differences. 342 thromboembolism patients were retrospectively included to the study between January 2016 and December 2019. Demographic characteristics, risk factors for thromboembolism and genetic mutations in central and peripheral thromboembolism groups were overviewed. The genetic mutations evaluated in patients were Factor V Leiden G1691A, Factor V HR1299R, Factor II (Prothrombin) G20210A, MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) C677T, MTHFR A1298C, PAI 4G/5G. Within the scope of the study, genetic analyzes of 106 patients were reached and included in the study. Seventy-two central thromboembolism (69.8%), 34 (31.2%) peripheral thromboembolisms were detected. Sixty-three of the central thromboembolisms were from arterial and nine were from venous origin. There was no significant difference between age, gender and risk factors of central thromboembolism and peripheral thromboembolism patients (p˃0.05), but smoking was more common in central thromboembolism patients (p: 0.041). 4G/5G polymorphism was observed more frequently in patients with central thromboembolism (p: 0.039). Thromboembolism is a multifactorial disease, PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism is a medium risk factor for thromboembolism. We conclude that PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism is more frequent in central thromboembolism than peripheral thromboembolism and its evaluation can give more information about the thromboembolic risk analyze.
Learning intent and behavior models from motion trajectories for unsupervised semantic labeling

Trajectory data has numerous commercial applications, e.g., location-based services, travel forecasting, health monitoring, land use analysis, urban planning, and robotics. However, traditional trajectory mining algorithms do not explain how and why the motion was generated, limiting their utility in GEOINT applications when data is unlabeled, noisy, and does not contain contextual layers. In this paper, we describe a methodology that analyzes spatiotemporal trajectory data to produce semantic labels. We describe the methodology to learn behavior models that most likely generated input trajectory data, and use these models to transfer labels across unlabeled ambiguous tracks. Behavior models include both movers’ intent encoded as motion reward functions and behavior policy encoded as the state-conditioned movement action distribution. We show that learned behavior models provide an efficient mechanism for relating noisy tracks, allowing accurate semi-supervised learning (>90% f-score over labeling outcomes) with just few labeled examples per type of motion behavior. We further hypothesize that learned behavior models contain latent statistical and structural information that may be exploited to label trajectories in completely unsupervised manner in the future, which will allow military analysts or civilian consumers to explain the observed trajectory data, derive semantic motion-based features to improve object and region classification, and reason about motion changes in different contexts.
The HEMPT Concept - A Survey on Theoretical Considerations and Experimental Evidences

The High Efficiency Multistage Plasma Thruster HEMPT represents a novel concept for ion thrusters for the thrust range from sub to several 100 mN compared to the well established technologies represented by the Hall Ef fect Thruster HET and the Grid Ion Thruster GIT. The HEMPT concept has been invented by Thales Electron Devices GmbH TEDG with a first patent launched in 1998. Since th en TEDG has successfully developed the HEMPT concept from demonstrator level during the feasibility phase to engineering models in different thrust ranges. Since recently TEDG is int egrating HEMPTs into an ion propulsion system which shall be verified on the SmallGEO platform in course of the Hispasat AG1 mission. Alike GITs and HETs, HEMPTs generate thrust by electrostatic acceleration of propellant ions which generated in a plasma discharge. However, for this the HEMPT employs a specific magnetic field topology which confines the plasma electrons that are ionising the propellant and are focussing the propellant ions. Plasma transport occurs in a multi-stage magnetic cusp structure which grossly inhibits contact to the wal l and thus wall erosion. The electrons confined at the thruster exit pull down the plasma potential and act as a virtual acceleration grid. As a result, the plasma potential inside the discharge c hannel stays practically constant with a sharp potential drop at the thruster exit. Ionisation and acceleration are spatially separated as in case of a GIT. On the other hand the accelerated ions ar e extracted from a quasi-neutral plasma allowing for high ion current densities at the thru ster exit as in case of a HET. This paper reviews the HEMPT technology as unique concept including evidence from both experiments and theory. Unlike as in HETs, electron confinement is dominated by electron mirroring in the cusps rather than E x B drift, and the effective separation of ion generation and acceleration results in GIT like ion beam energy sp ectra.
The effects of urban land cover dynamics on urban heat Island intensity and temporal trends

ABSTRACT Assessments of surface urban heat island (UHI) have focused on using remote sensing and land cover data to quantify UHI intensity and spatial distribution within a certain time period by including land cover information. In this study, we implemented a prototype approach to characterize the spatiotemporal variations of UHI using time series of Landsat land surface temperature products and annual land change information. We analyzed UHI distribution and change in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, in the north-central United States and found that the mean UHI intensity in the region was as large as 2.2°C during the period 1986–2017 with an increasing trend of 0.02°C per year within the area with a 5-km non-urban extent. The UHI intensity associated with high intensity urban land cover usually is stronger than with low intensity urban land cover. We evaluated the impact of different non-urban reference extents on UHI variation using different non-urban buffers. The result also suggests that the overall temporal trends of UHI intensity are almost the same when using a 5-km or 10-km non-urban buffer surrounding the urban core. The prototype approach provides a framework to consistently quantify UHI and monitor its change to a large geographic extent.