Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interferon‐γ gene expression in cycling and pregnant mouse uterus: temporal aspects and cellular localization

Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that modulates hematopoietic cell maturation, differentiation, activation, and apoptosis. To evaluate the postulate that locally produced IFN‐γ could influence uterine hematopoietic cells, specific protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and messenger RNA (mRNA) was identified by in situ hybridization in cycling and pregnant mouse uteri. In cycling uteri, IFN‐γ was limited to luminal and glandular epithelial cells during the estrus phase of the cycle. In pregnant uteri, IFN‐γ was prominent at early (gestation day 6–10) and late (gestation day 18) stages. IFN‐γ‐producing cells identified by in situ hybridization included uterine epithelial cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, placental trophoblast cells, and cells in the degenerating metrial gland. Collectively, the data indicate that programming of immune and other cells via autocrine and paracrine pathways could be achieved by locally produced IFN‐γ, and suggest that uteroplacental IFN‐γ may be most influential during early and late stages of pregnancy. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 393–400; 1998.
In School or at Work? Evidence from a Crisis

This paper examines the effect of labor market opportunities on schooling-employment decisions in 12 urban areas in Argentina over 12 years, emphasizing the recession/crisis years 1998-2002. The effects of macroeconomic swings on schooling decisions are examined with a focus on whether the income or substitution effect dominates as macroeconomic conditions change. I demonstrate that over "typical" years deteriorating job rates (or wages) increase the probability of attending school and decrease the probability of combining work and school, particularly for boys. After controlling for household and individual characteristics I find that the probability of being in school for secondary school youth was about 6 percentage points higher in 2002 than in 1998 (before the recession started). In fact, a 10 percent decrease in the job rate alone has been responsible for a 5.4 percentage point rise in the probability of school attendance since 2000. This effect is attenuated during the 2002 crisis when household expectations change in response to shocks. These estimates allow for the fact that a new Federal Education Law (FEL) in 1996 extended mandatory education to 10 years and might have affected schooling outcomes.
The novel HSP90 inhibitor STA‐1474 exhibits biologic activity against osteosarcoma cell lines

Osteosarcoma (OSA), the most common malignant bone tumor in dogs and children, exhibits a similar clinical presentation and molecular biology in both species. Unfortunately, 30–40% of children and 90% of dogs still die of disease despite aggressive therapy. The purpose of this study was to test the biologic activity of a novel heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, STA‐1474, against OSA. Canine and human OSA cell lines and normal canine osteoblasts were treated with STA‐1474 and evaluated for effects on proliferation (CyQuant), apoptosis (Annexin V, PARP cleavage, caspase 3/7 activation) and known HSP90 client proteins. HSP90 was immunoprecipitated from normal and malignant osteoblasts and Western blotting for co‐chaperones was performed. Mice bearing canine OSA xenografts were treated with STA‐1474, and tumors samples were evaluated for caspase‐3 activation and loss of p‐Akt/Akt. Treatment with STA‐1474 promoted loss of cell viability, inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in OSA cell lines. STA‐1474 and its active metabolite STA‐9090 also demonstrated increased potency compared to 17‐AAG. STA‐1474 exhibited selectivity for OSA cells versus normal canine osteoblasts, and HSP90 co‐precipitated with co‐chaperones p23 and Hop in canine OSA cells but not in normal canine osteoblasts. Furthermore, STA‐1474 downregulated the expression of p‐Met/Met, p‐Akt/Akt and p‐STAT3. Finally, STA‐1474 induced tumor regression, caspase‐3 activation and downregulation of p‐Met/Met and p‐Akt/Akt in OSA xenografts. Together, these data suggest that HSP90 represents a relevant target for therapeutic intervention in OSA. © 2009 UICC
Sarcasm Detection in Social Media

Sarcasm is a form of speech act in which speakers convey their message in form of sharply ironical taunt. Sarcasm transforms polarity of an apparently positive or negative utterance into its positive. We collected and gathered a corpus of 40 thousand sarcastic tweets (with #sarcasm tag) and 170 thousand non-sarcastic tweets. This report presents a machine learning approach combined with Natural Language techniques, thereby producing a model, which improves on the current research. Experiments show that Bag-ofWords (BOW) tends to be more important than sentiment or topic probability-ties, which suggests that vocabulary is more important than tone. Using model with features consisting of Part-ofSpeech (POS) Ngrams, Punctuation characteristics, Sentiments, Topic word Porbabilities, Word Trimming and Word Ngrams gives us the best F-Score of 64% on testing set consisting of 4 thousand #sarcastic tweets and 22 thousand nonsarcastic tweets. Also, we found that a simple Neural Net, with single projection layer meets the performance of general classifiers.
Nitrogen isotopic ratios in Barnard 1: a consistent study of the N2H+, NH3, CN, HCN, and HNC isotopologues

Context. The 15 N isotopologue abundance ratio measured today in different bodies of the solar system is thought to be connected to 15 N-fractionation effects that would have occurred in the protosolar nebula. Aims. The present study aims at putting constraints on the degree of 15 N-fractionation that occurs during the prestellar phase, through observations of D, 13 C, and 15 N-substituted isotopologues towards B1b. Molecules both from the nitrogen hydride family, i.e. N2H + , and NH3, and from the nitrile family, i.e. HCN, HNC, and CN, are considered in the analysis. Methods. As a first step, we modelled the continuum emission in order to derive the physical structure of the cloud, i.e. gas temperature and H2 density. These parameters were subsequently used as input in a non-local radiative transfer model to infer the radial abundance profiles of the various molecules. Results. Our modelling shows that all the molecules are affected by depletion onto dust grains in the region that encompasses the B1-bS and B1-bN cores. While high levels of deuterium fractionation are derived, we conclude that no fractionation occurs in the case of the nitrogen chemistry. Independently of the chemical family, the molecular abundances are consistent with 14 N/ 15 N ∼ 300, a value representative of the elemental atomic abundances of the parental gas. Conclusions. The inefficiency of the 15 N-fractionation effects in the B1b region can be linked to the relatively high gas temperature ∼17 K, which is representative of the innermost part of the cloud. Since this region shows signs of depletion onto dust grains, we cannot exclude the possibility that the molecules were previously enriched in 15 N, earlier in the B1b history and that such an enrichment could have been incorporated into the ice mantles. It is thus necessary to repeat this kind of study in colder sources to test such a possibility.
Research of N-TCP performance over high-speed network

In view of the development of high speed network and the challenge to congestion control, By deeply researching route buffer and packet loss rate performance for high throughput of N-TCP, which is based on equivalent noise model and bandwidth estimation. Simulation results indicate that N-TCP can get more stable and higher throughput than TCP Reno significantly in the situation of high speed network with low router buffer, and it has better ability on RTT fairness compared with HSTCP.
Reduced gene expression levels of Munc13‐1 and additional components of the presynaptic exocytosis machinery upon conditional targeting of Vglut2 in the adolescent mouse

Presynaptic proteins orchestrate an intricate interplay of dynamic interactions in order to regulate quantal exocytosis of transmitter‐filled vesicles, and their dysregulation might cause neurological and neuropsychiatric dysfunction. Mice carrying a spatiotemporal restriction in the expression of the Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2; aka Slc17a6) in the cortex, amygdala and hippocampal subiculum from the third postnatal week show a strong anxiolytic phenotype and certain behavioral correlates of schizophrenia. To further understand the molecular consequences of this targeted deletion of Vglut2, we performed an unbiased microarray analysis comparing gene expression levels in the subiculum of these conditional Vglut2 knockout mice (Vglut2f/f;CamKII cKO) to those in control littermates. Expression of Unc13C (Munc13‐3), a member of the Unc/Munc family, previously shown to be important for glutamatergic transmission, was identified to be significantly down‐regulated. Subsequent analysis by quantitative RT‐PCR revealed a 50% down‐regulation of Munc 13‐1, the gene encoding the Unc/Munc subtype described as an essential component in the majority of glutamtergic synapses in the hippocampus. Genes encoding additional components of the presynaptic machinery were also found regulated, including Rab3A, RIM1α, as well as Syntaxin1 and Synaptobrevin. Altered expression levels of these genes were further found in the amygdala and in the retrosplenial group of the cortex, additional regions in which Vglut2 was conditionally targeted. These findings suggest that expression levels of Vglut2 might be important for the maintenance of gene expression in the presynaptic machinery in the adult mouse brain. Synapse 68:624–633, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Network Performance Evaluation of M2M With Self Organizing Cluster Head to Sink Mapping

In this paper, a machine-to-machine (M2M) networks are arranged hierarchically to support an energy-efficient routing protocol for data transmission from terminal nodes to a sink node via cluster heads in a wireless sensor network (WSN) at perio network congestion caused by heavy M2M traffic is tackled using the load balancing solutions to maintain high levels of network performance. First, a multilevel clustering multiple sinks with IPv6 protocol over low wireless personal area networks is promoted to prolong network lifetime. Second, the enhanced network performance is achieved through non-linear integer-based optimization. A self-organizing cluster head to sink algorithm (SOCHSA) is proposed, hosting discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) as evolutionary algorithms to solve the network performance optimization problem. Network Performance is measured based on key performance indicators for load fairness and average residual network energy. The SOCHSA algorithm is tested by two benchmark problems with two and three sinks. DPSO and GA are compared with the exhaustive search algorithm to analyze their performances for each benchmark problem. Both algorithms achieve optimum network performance evaluation values of 108.059 and 108.1686 in the benchmark problems P1 and P2, respectively. Using three sinks under the same simulation settings, the average residual energy is improved by 2% when compared with two sinks. Computational results prove that DPSO outperforms GA regarding complexity and convergence, thus being best suited for a proactive Internet of Things network. The proposed mechanism satisfies different network performance requirements of M2M traffic by instant identification and dynamic rerouting.
Exploring the formation management of two-sided platforms

Drawing on intermediation theory, I study the formation of organisations creating decentralised marketplaces in which the firm has no direct control over transactions between buyers and sellers. I provide exploratory empirical evidence on the evolution of six platforms in two innovative industries, namely ride-sharing and custom apparel. In contrast to the literature, I find that price instruments play a comparatively limited role in the formation management of platforms. Among other instruments, firms use registration procedures and submission rules to manage access to their marketplaces. Interactions between users are chiefly managed with search and ranking instruments. This research also highlights the multi-faceted nature of affiliations between platforms and their users, which often range from informal to formal classes of affiliation.
Enhancement of DNase production from a moderate halophilic bacterium and studies on its phylogeny

It is always a matter of concern regarding the components of media which further affects the amount of desired product. It is necessary to have the number of cells in higher amounts and on the other side the growth of cells should not exceed and affect the quantity of products. With regards to deoxyribonuclease production the enzyme is produced in the later phases of the growth. A controlled process is necessary in order to obtain the higher enzyme concentration. Variation of media component can ha ve a drastic effect on the production of particular metabolite. In present study tedious combinations of media were prepared. A total 26 different concentrations of component of medium were prepared along with a standard medium as positive control. Prior to this we fully characterized the bacterium by morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequencing which showed maximum resemblance with Myroides profundi. The bacterium is a moderate halophilic bacterium. From the observation it was found that with increasing glucose concentration the DNase production goes on decreasing and the highest DNase production was obtained in a medium where glucose is in low concentration than proteins. Finally optimized media contained glucose 0.1%, peptone 0.2%, tryptone 0.2% and DNA also 0.2%. The optimized media is applicable for bulk production of the enzyme and purification.
Tectonic-driven climate change and the diversification of angiosperms

Significance Angiosperm range expansion and diversification have been major biotic upheavals in the Earth history. Mechanisms involved in their successful diversification have mainly called upon intrinsic processes at the plant level, leaving the influence of the global tectonics poorly explored. We investigate evolution of paleogeography and climate and correlate it with the diversification of angiosperms by using a general circulation model. We show that Pangea breakup induced an important expansion of temperate zones during the late Cretaceous which was concomitant to the rise of angiosperms. We suggest that the breakup of Pangea led to the onset of new humid bioclimatic continents, which in turn may have provided new external conditions for ecological expansion of the angiosperms and their diversification. In 1879, Charles Darwin characterized the sudden and unexplained rise of angiosperms during the Cretaceous as an “abominable mystery. ” The diversification of this clade marked the beginning of a rapid transition among Mesozoic ecosystems and floras formerly dominated by ferns, conifers, and cycads. Although the role of environmental factors has been suggested [Coiffard C, Gómez B (2012) Geol Acta 10(2):181–188], Cretaceous global climate change has barely been considered as a contributor to angiosperm radiation, and focus was put on biotic factors to explain this transition. Here we use a fully coupled climate model driven by Mesozoic paleogeographic maps to quantify and discuss the impact of continental drift on angiosperm expansion and diversification. We show that the decrease of desertic belts between the Triassic and the Cretaceous and the subsequent onset of long-lasting humid conditions during the Late Cretaceous were driven by the breakup of Pangea and were contemporaneous with the first rise of angiosperm diversification. Positioning angiosperm-bearing fossil sites on our paleobioclimatic maps shows a strong match between the location of fossil-rich outcrops and temperate humid zones, indicating that climate change from arid to temperate dominance may have set the stage for the ecological expansion of flowering plants.
The effects of lifelong cognitive lifestyle on executive function in older people with Parkinson's disease

Active lifelong cognitive lifestyles increase cognitive reserve and have beneficial effects on global cognition, cognitive decline and dementia risk in Parkinson's disease (PD). Executive function is particularly impaired even in early PD, and this impacts on quality of life. The effects of lifelong cognitive lifestyle on executive function in PD have not been studied previously. This study examined the association between lifelong cognitive lifestyle, as a proxy measure of cognitive reserve, and executive function in people with PD.
Wall-modelling strategies in large eddy simulation of separated high-Reynolds-number flows

The need to develop wall-modelling strateguiess arises from the fact that the detailed resolution of near-wall turbulence becomes untenably expensive as the Reynolds number of the flow increases to level approaching that pertaining to real-world applications. The problem is conveyed by Fig. 1, taken from Piomelli & Balaras (2002). The figure shows that, when ReL (say, that based on the boundary layer thickness) exceeds roughly 10 5 , the resource requirements are entirely dominated by the need to resolve the near-wall region (the inner layer), with the number of nodes rising roughly as
A method of forming a securitized image

There is disclosed a method of forming a securitized image comprising: obtaining a host image which is to be visible to an observer, obtaining a latent image to be concealed within the host image, adjusting the saturation of regions of at least one of the host image and the latent image such that when the latent image and the host image as adjusted are subsequently combined, the saturation of the combined regions will more closely approximate the saturation of corresponding regions of the original host image; and combining the latent image, and host image as adjusted to form a securitized image.
Plug-in vehicle ancillary services for a distribution network

In this paper, we have investigated the possibilities of plug-in vehicles to produce ancillary services for distribution networks. First, special features of plug-in vehicles as controllable resources are discussed and then motivation and methods of four different types of ancillary services are discussed. These services are peak load management, network power flow management, customer back-up power and power quality improvement. Finally some conclusions are made and future work is proposed.
Ku-band Up-converter Multi-function MMIC using 0.25 µm SiGe BiCMOS Technology

Single Ku-band multi-function transmitter (Tx) MMIC for phased -array applications is designed using 0.25 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The MMIC includes gain amplifiers, a power amplifier, digital phase shifters, digital attenuators, and a serial-to-parallel converter. The Tx MMIC exhibits gain of 19 dB, P1dB of 21 dBm with phase and gain control functions over the Ku-band frequency of 13.5 GHz to 15 GHz. The power amplifier in a Tx MMIC was pre-designed and measured results showed a output P1dB of 21.5 dBm, gain of 14.5 dB and peak PAE of 29.1 %.
A non-temporized approach for temporized analysis

Real-time critical systems require extensive analysis. The potentially considerable damage caused by failures of real-time critical systems justify the use of expensive verification techniques, such as timed reachability analysis. Unfortunately the cost of timed reachability analysis inhibits its systematic application at the early stages of development, when long verification sessions could slow down the development process. Moreover the large reachability space for proving temporal properties reduces the size of specification for which timed reachability analysis can be applied. The authors show how reachability analysis of the nontemporized underlying Petri net can reduce the size of timed reachability analysis. In this way, timed reachability analysis can be used for analyzing industrial-size safety critical systems, paying an acceptable overhead.
Roles of trehalose phosphate synthase in yeast glycogen metabolism and sporulation

Trehalose is a major storage carbohydrate in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Alterations in trehalose synthesis affect carbon source‐dependent growth, accumulation of glycogen and sporulation. Trehalose is synthesized by trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS), which is a complex of at least four proteins. In this work, we show that the Tps1p subunit protein catalyses trehalose phosphate synthesis in the absence of other TPS components. The tps1–H223Y allele (glc6–1) that causes a semidominant decrease in glycogen accumulation exhibits greater enzyme activity than wild‐type TPS1 because, unlike the wild‐type enzyme, TPS activity in tps1–H223Y cells is not inhibited by phosphate. Poor sporulation in tps1 null diploids is caused by reduced expression of meiotic inducers encoded by IME1, IME2 and MCK1. Furthermore, high‐copy MCK1 or heterozygous hxk2 mutations can suppress the tps1 sporulation trait. These results suggest that the trehalose‐6‐phosphate inhibition of hexokinase activity is required for full induction of MCK1 in sporulating yeast cells.
Intracellular Na+ directly modulates Na+,K+-ATPase gene expression in normal rat kidney epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND In a wide variety of cell systems, increases in cell Na+ ([Na+]i) lead to an induction of N+,K+-ATPase mRNA expression. On the other hand, the increase in [Na+]i can also induce a rise in cell Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) through a secondary inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchange and a decrease in cell pH (pHi) through a secondary inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange. It is not known whether [Na+]i, [Ca2+]i, and/or pHi directly modulate N+,K+-ATPase mRNA expression. METHODS We used normal rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK) to examine the effects of ouabain on N+,K+-ATPase alpha1- and beta1-mRNA accumulation by Northern blot analysis and the relationship between the mRNA accumulation and [Na+]i, [Ca2+]i, or pHi. [Na+]i, [Ca2+]i, and pHi were measured using a Na+-sensitive fluorescent dye (SBFI), a Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye (Fura-2), and a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye (BCECF), respectively. RESULTS Ouabain (1 mmol/L) significantly increased [Na+]i. Upon addition of ouabain, alpha1-mRNA levels increased to 2. 3 times the control level at three hours, with maximum 3.3-fold elevations at 12 hours. beta1-mRNA levels also increased to 2.4 times the control level at 3 hours, with a maximum 3.3-fold increase at 12 hours. The ouabain-mediated alpha1- and beta1-mRNA induction was inhibited by both the RNA transcription inhibitor (actinomycin D) and the protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide). Ouabain at three hours caused an increase in [Ca2+]i. Similar increases in [Ca2+]i, which were elicited by the Ca2+ ionophore (ionomycin) in the presence of extracellular Ca2+, had no effect on alpha1- or beta1-mRNA levels. In Ca2+-free medium treated with EGTA, ouabain at three hours caused a significant increase in [Na+]i without any changes in [Ca2+]i, and also increased alpha1- and beta1-mRNA levels. Ouabain at three hours caused a significant decrease in pHi. Similar decreases in pHi, which were elicited by the specific inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange (ethylisopropylamiloride), caused no effect on alpha1- or beta1-mRNA levels. Exposure of NRK to the Na+ ionophore (monensin) in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ increased [Na+]i and alpha1- and beta1-mRNA levels. The increases in alpha1- and beta1-mRNA levels upon addition of ouabain were associated with significant increases in alpha1- and beta1-subunit proteins. CONCLUSIONS In NRK, ouabain causes an increase in [Na+]i, which directly modulates Na+,K+-ATPase alpha1- and beta1-mRNA accumulation.