Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Partitioning of Catchment Evapotranspiration Fluxes as Revealed by Stable Isotope Signals in the Alpine Inland River Basin

Evapotranspiration is an important process in the water budget of an ecosystem. Quantifying the components of evapotranspiration is of great significance in revealing the ecohydrological process of alpine inland river basins. In this study, the evapotranspiration fluxes in the Shaliu River basin were classified by hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope technology and remote sensing technology. The results showed the following: (1) The average value of soil fractional evaporation (E1) in the summer of 2018 and 2019 was 7.59 mm and 2.10 mm, respectively. (2) The average ratio of soil evaporation (Esoil) in the summer of 2018 was 48.82%, 68.11%, 54.99%, respectively. The average ratio of Esoil in the summer of 2019 was 66.86%, 57.50%, 55.53%, respectively. The average value of Esoil in the summer of 2018 and 2019 was 42.84 mm and 35.36 mm, respectively. (3) The average ratio of vegetation transpiration (T) in the summer of 2018 was 51.18%, 31.89%, and 45.01%, respectively. The average ratio of T in the summer of 2019 was 33.14%, 42.50%, and 44.47%, respectively. The average value of T in the summer of 2018 and 2019 was 32.59 mm and 26.23 mm, respectively. Obviously, the soil fractionation was stronger in the summer of 2018 than that in the summer of 2019. At the same time, both soil evaporation and plant transpiration in summer 2018 were higher than those in summer 2019, and soil evaporation in the Shaliu River basin was greater than plant transpiration in summer during the study period. The results of this study can provide data reference for mastering the eco-hydrological process of the Shaliu River basin.
Physical Activity in Pregnancy was Favorably Associated with Maternal And Offspring Health Indices

Regular physical activity (PA) in pregnancy can benefit the pregnant woman through a shorter birth and a shorter recovery period. The study aimed to investigate the effect of PA in pregnancy, on maternal and offspring health indicators. Population-based data were obtained from a national database that included anthropometric and physical fitness data of almost all Greek children 8 to 9 years. Α random sample of 5,125 dyads of mothers-children was evaluated. Telephone interviews were carried out with the use of a standardized questionnaire for the collection of maternal lifestyle factors. Children born to mothers who participated in the recommended PA levels had lower odds (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.95) to be overweight/obese in childhood. Adequate PA levels in pregnancy were found to be associated with lower odds of preterm birth by 61% (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17-0.87), and alcohol consumption in pregnancy by 62% (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.27-0.56) as compared to the inadequate level of PA. Also, mothers with adequate PA in pregnancy had decreased odds for excessive GWG and final BMI by almost 40% in comparison to those with inadequate PA levels. PA in pregnancy does seem to be related to offspring health indicators (e.g. obesity at 8 years) and is associated with a more favorable maternal health profile.
Production of Hydrolyzed Collagen from Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. Scales by Synergistic Enzyme Systems

Fish skin, bones and scales are a good source of collagen, for the sake of exploitation these fish wastes of high commercial worth and convert them into food, therapeutic and pharmaceutical products. Therefore, the study included extracting collagen with acetic acid at a concentration 0.5 M and pepsin enzyme 0.1% from fish Cyprinus carpio scales and then producing hydrolyzed collagen protein. Chemical content of the scales was estimated from the percentage of moisture, protein, fat and ash, as it was found (55.36, 35.85, 2.47 and 5.99) %, respectively. The metallic elements represented by (Ca, P, Fe and Zn), they reached (153430, 1887.5, 71.455 and 48.045) µg. g-1. The collagen yield by the two methods mentioned above was 16.40% and 5.30%, respectively. Diagnosis of collagen extracted with acid using FT-IR technique and determination of the active groups in it, the presence of amides A, B, I, II and III was observed at frequencies 3413.39, 2924.52, 1653.66, 1548.56 and 1240 cm-1, respectively. Hydrolysed collagen was prepared using Collagenase enzyme followed by Pepsin enzyme, the highest degree of hydrolysis reached 43.56% after four hours. The electrophoresis of collagen extracted with acid and enzyme was carried out, as three bundles of collagen α1, α2 and β were obtained with weights (126, 100 and 180) KD, respectively.
Silicon on ferroelectic insulator field effect transistor (SOF-FET) a new device for the next generation ultra low power circuits

Field effect transistors (FETs) are the foundation for all electronic circuits and processors. These devices have progressed massively to touch its final steps in subnanometer level. Left and right proposals are coming to rescue this progress. Emerging nano-electronic devices (resonant tunneling devices, single-atom transistors, spin devices, Heterojunction Transistors rapid flux quantum devices, carbon nanotubes, and nanowire devices) took a vast share of current scientific research. Non-Si electronic materials like III-V heterostructure, ferroelectric, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and other nanowire based designs are in developing stage to become the core technology of non-classical CMOS structures. FinFET present the current feasible commercial nanotechnology. The scalability and low power dissipation of this device allowed for an extension of silicon based devices. High short channel effect (SCE) immunity presents its major advantage. Multi-gate structure comes to light to improve the gate electrostatic over the channel. The new structure shows a higher performance that made it the first candidate to substitute the conventional MOSFET. The device also shows a future scalability to continue Moor’s Law. Furthermore, the device is compatible with silicon fabrication process.
Soft Sensor Modeling Based on Hierarchical T-S Fuzzy System

When introducing the hierarchical fuzzy system in soft sensor modeling,the rational structure of the fuzzy system is very important to the performance of the soft sensor model. To select the rational system structure,an HTFS (hierarchical T-S fuzzy system) based soft sensor model is developed by virtue of MOGA (multi-objective genetic algorithm) and dichotomy. MOGA selects the input variables of subsystem in accordance to the importance of each input variable in a sub fuzzy system,while dichotomy is used to divide the input space unevenly on the basis of the characteristics of T-S fuzzy system. The proposed method can simplify the structure of model and improve the generality,with the accuracy of the soft sensor model perfectly improved. The simulation results demonstrate the practicability and efficiency of the HTFS based soft sensor model.
Chaos Optimization of Structure Parameters of On-Line Electromagnetic Auto-Balancing Head

The operating principle of an on-line electromagnetic auto-balancing head is presented in this paper.When the rotating balancing mass is driven by magnetic force,the on-line auto-balance is carried out. At present, the structure parameters of the auto-balancing head are given by experience. In order to optimize the parameters,a Chaos Optimization Algorithm is advanced. The optimizing goal function and the optimizing structure parameters are presented. The conclusion is that if the head has optimizing structure parameters, and the other parameters are designed properly, the axial size can be of least.
Geometrical control of disorder-induced magnetic domains in planar synthetic antiferromagnets

Magnetic domains play a fundamental role in magnetization processes. However, unlike in ferromagnets (FMs), the formation of domains in antiferromagnets (AFMs) is poorly understood because they are not favored by magnetostatics and are difﬁcult to detect experimentally. In this paper, we create a synthetic planar AFM with tunable lateral coupling between neighboring FM regions to establish the role played by magnetic disorder in the formation of AFM domains. By directly imaging the synthetic AFM in real space, we observe that the AFM lattice spontaneously breaks up into domains following ac demagnetization. These AFM domains nucleate and pin at locally disordered sites that deﬁne their size and shape, which is explained with the help of a Gaussian random ﬁeld Ising model. Furthermore, we can manipulate the AFM domain morphology by varying the interaction strength, which can be tuned with the geometrical parameters of the synthetic AFM. DOI: 10
In vitro antitumour and immunomodulating activity of saponins from Astragalus glycyphyllos

Abstract Many species of genus Astragalus have been extensively studied for their wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumour, anti-infective, immune-boosting, antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects. This study presents an in vitro evaluation of the anticancer and immunomodulating properties of saponins obtained from aerial parts of Astragalus glycyphyllos L. In a series of standard MTT experiments we examined the antiproliferative effects of a total saponin mixture, the purified saponin subfraction obtained from it, and the isolated triterpenoid saponin (AGOS1), against different bladder carcinoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma tumour models. The in vitro immunomodulating activity of AGOS1 was further examined on murine isolated spleen lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages. Results showed greatest overall cytotoxicity of the purified subfraction and prominent immune stimulating effects of the isolated saponin on both cell lineages.
Exploring the tradeoff between Installed capacity and unserved energy in rural electrification

With the current goal of reaching a 100% electrification rate of the world population, the importance of PV/battery or solar home systems (SHS) grows as the one of the most viable solution for the most remote and scattered communities. Their modularity and capacity to harvest local resources is particularly relevant for that purpose. The stochasticity of solar energy and of the demand can however lead to energy shortages in the most critical periods of the day, while an over-sized system represents an important increase in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). To capture these dynamics and the tradeoff between installed capacity and lost load probability (LLP), 16 different demand scenarios are modeled and analyzed. An optimal size for SHS is determined using a linear programming model with different levels of LLP in each scenario. The Demand time series are constructed using a stochastic demand generator that simulates the behavior of each appliance on a household. The information to create the base-case scenario was obtained with field surveys of a rural community in Cochabamba, Bolivia (Raqaypampa). Each scenario has different combinations of appliances, including the intensive use of radio to comply with guidelines of remote education (due to the COVID-19 crisis). The result shows that there is a high reduction of the LCOE in the lower range of LLP. This reduction reaches a breaking point where a higher LLP does not represent a significant further reduction of the LCOE. An empirical mathematical formulation is proposed to calculate this inflection point and a Pareto front plotted to assess the tradeoff between quality of service and LCOE. © ECOS 2021 - 34th International Conference on Efficency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE OF PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MALAYSIAN Euphorbia milii (EUPHORBIACEAE) AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES

Euphorbiaceae plants had been traditionally used in healing various diseases. This study was designed to determine the secondary metabolites that exist in Malaysian Euphorbia milii (Euphorbiaceae) and it’s potential in antioxidant activities. Dried leaves and flowers of E. milii were extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed toward the crude extracts. The outcomes showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, carbohydrates, and reducing sugar were mainly present in all of the samples extracted by the three solvents. For quantitative analysis, methanolic leaves extract contained the highest amount of flavonoids, given as 0.0867 ± 0.005 mg QE/g of the sample compared to other extracts. Meanwhile, the determination of antioxidant activities of each extract showed that methanol leaves extract consists of the highest antioxidant activity due to the presence of phytochemical compounds. This significant data provides preliminary findings that may lead to further development as a potential source of herbal medicine.
Isotopic evidence for a diet shift in a Pleistocene sub-adult mastodon from the Brazilian Pampa

ABSTRACT Palaeoecological studies on South American mastodons using stable isotopes from isolated teeth indicate variable diets, but represent only a short portion of the total lifetime of the studied individuals. Here is presented an analysis of the carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios on three molariforms (m1, m2 and m3) from the jaw of a sub-adult mastodon found in southern Brazil, aimed at understanding its long-term feeding habits. The individual died at about ~26-30 years of age, and the isotopic signal recorded in each tooth spans up to ~3-5 years based on estimates of tooth development from enamel thickness, but apparently there were significant temporal gaps (>5 years) between the mineralisation of each tooth. The δ18O did not vary significantly between the teeth, but the more positive δ13C in the m1 indicates a diet with higher proportion (>30%) of C4 plants, whereas the m2 and m3 indicate considerably less (<20%) C4 plants ingested. This diet shift could have been the result of ontogenetic development, migration, or some disturbance in plant communities driven by environmental stresses. The results indicate that mastodons were able to change their diets at shorter timescales than can be addressed from the analysis of isolated teeth.
High-definition video broadcasting with a room-temperature quantum cascade laser emitting in the long-wave infrared domain

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are relevant optical sources for free-space communication because they can emit in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) domain, i.e. in the 8-12 µm region. The advantage of this optical domain is that it combines a high atmosphere transmission1 with a reduced distortion for propagating beams,2 thus the superiority of LWIR lasers in comparison with existing near-infrared systems is very dependent on link availability.3 Furthermore, QCLs are characterized by the absence of relaxation oscillation resonance.4 This peculiarity could imply a very large modulation bandwidth, even if QCL structures still need to be optimized to avoid parasitic effects.5 Recent experimental efforts have highlighted the potential of QCL-based free-space communication systems6–8 and the current 4 Gbits/s record rate is expected to be outperformed in the near future with bandwidth-enhanced structures.9 This work describes a free-space live video broadcasting with a room-temperature QCL emitting at 8.1 µm. The video file is encoded in uncompressed high-definition format (1280 pixels x 720 pixels) and this corresponds to a data rate of 1.485 Gbits/s with on-off keying scheme. This high-speed electrical signal is directly injected in the QCL via the AC port of a bias tee. The modulated optical signal from the QCL is retrieved with a Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride detector and the resulting electrical signal is sent to a TV monitor where the video can be watched in live. The current findings demonstrate the versatility of a communication system with QCLs and this paves the way for real-field applications
A Compact Dual-Mirror Design of Quasi-Optical Mode Converter for Gyrotron Application

The quasi-optical mode converter (QOMC) for high-power fusion gyrotron is a typical beam transformation and shaping device in near-field region. In this letter, the authors report their progress in designing a compact QOMC with only two reflecting mirrors. For achieving the high-efficiency conversion comparable to conventional multimirror converters, the authors exercise modification and optimization on the first mirror based on the classic quasi-elliptical design. It is shown that the optimized first mirror can fulfill multifunctions that have to be achieved by a chain of mirrors in conventional designs. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the optimization, which can be revealed by the achieved 95.97% Gaussian content in the output beam with power transmission efficiency of 99.0%.
Episodic continental extension in eastern Gondwana during the mid-late mesozoic: insights from geochronology and geochemistry of mafic rocks in the Tethyan Himalaya

ABSTRACT Mesozoic extension and rifting processes of the Gondwana continent are critical for understanding the opening and formation of the Indian Ocean. Here, we report petrological, geochemical, zircon U–Pb age, and Lu–Hf isotopic data of mafic dikes in the central Tethyan Himalaya to reveal the timing and mechanism of the eastern Gondwana rifting. These mafic rocks exhibit two groups in terms of TiO2 and MgO contents (Group I with TiO2 < 2.0 wt.%, whereas Group II with TiO2 > 2.0 wt.%), but (1) they have similar trace elements patterns and exhibit enriched Light Rare Earth Element (LREE) patterns without Eu anomalies and (2) they have a wide range of zircon εHf(t) values. Both the above geochemical characteristics are similar to those of the Oceanic Island Basalt (OIB). However, they also show typical features of continental crust input. Compared to Group II, Group I has higher MgO, Cr, and Ni abundances (more primitive) and more depleted Nb-Ta contents, which are similar to those of lower TiO2 Dala mafic rocks, suggesting that the continental crust signature was mainly inherited from the Greater India subcontinental lithospheric mantle (GI-SCLM). Therefore, the mafic rocks here were mainly derived from a hybrid source from both OIB-like enriched mantle and GI-SCLM. Furthermore, two groups of zircon U–Pb ages have been identified: the first group with a weight mean age of 139.9 ± 0.2 Ma, whereas the second group with a weight mean age of 163.2 ± 0.9 Ma. The Middle Jurassic zircons show similar characteristics to those of intermediate to acidic igneous rocks in the continental setting, and thus they might record a stage of magmatism associated with a tectonic extension event in the Indian passive continental margin. The Early Cretaceous ages represent the crystallization timing of the mafic dikes, which are coeval with most mafic rocks in the Tethyan Himalaya. Based on these observations and the literature data in the Tethyan Himalaya, we proposed that the Kerguelen plume was incubating underneath the Tethyan Himalaya at ca. 140 Ma, but it was not located in the triple junction among the Antarctic, Australian and Indian plates. Therefore, the Kerguelen plume might play a synergistic role in the break-up of eastern Gondwana, which had experienced at least two stages of tectonic extension during the Mid-Late Mesozoic.
Quiescence of Human Monocytes after Affinity Purification: A Novel Method Apt for Monocyte Stimulation Assays

Several methods to isolate monocytes from whole blood have been previously published, with different advantages and disadvantages. For the purpose of cytokine release assessment upon external stimulation, the use of monocyte preparations consisting of non-activated cells is prerequisite. Affinity-isolated monocyte preparations from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), obtained via positive or negative selection using magnetic beads, released pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 even without adding external stimuli, hindering any assessment of an effect of bacterial lipoproteins on cell stimulation. Hence, the cell preparation protocol was modified by adding a quiescence step on repellent surface culture plates, dampening any monocyte pre-activation. This protocol now provides a robust method to prepare silent yet fully activatable, pure monocyte populations for further use in stimulus-elicited activation experiments.
Offering Neurofeedback as an Intervention for Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Indonesia: A Feasibility Study.

BACKGROUND EEG Neurofeedback training is an accepted non-pharmacological therapy for attention deﬁcit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although stimulant medication is known to decrease ADHD symptoms, possible adverse effects, concerns about prolonged drug use on neural development, and problems related to the compliance with the medications are often reported. In Indonesia, research on the feasibility of EEG Neurofeedback to treat ADHD is still lacking. The current study aimed to investigate whether setting up an EEG neurofeedback training program for children with ADHD would be feasible in Indonesia. METHODS Nine children (aged 6-12 years) participated in the study. ADHD was diagnosed using the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale (VADRS). Children received twenty-five sessions of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback training twice a week. Each session consisted of a 3-minute baseline, followed by 5*3 minutes of training. IQ scores and VADRS scores were collected at baseline, after completion of the intervention, and at 3 months follow-up, while school reports were provided by the schools. The EEG spectral content was determined for all 25 training sessions. In addition, a Go/No-Go Task, was administered at the first 5 training sessions, and at session 10, 15, 20 and 25. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION An overview of all the collected data is provided descriptively, given the small group size. One child dropped-out during the training because of parental request, but the remaining eight children completed the full intervention program. Descriptive data suggested improvement with respect to both the ADHD symptomatology and performance IQ. These findings are in line with previous studies. Although a control arm was not included, we propose that the abovementioned SMR neurofeedback protocol may still be offered as a suitable non-pharmacological intervention for children with ADHD in Indonesia and deserves further research.