Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Virus-Induced Gene Silencing of Argonaute Genes in Nicotiana benthamiana Demonstrates That Extensive Systemic Silencing Requires Argonaute1-Like and Argonaute4-Like Genes

Several distinct pathways of RNA silencing operate in plants with roles including the suppression of virus accumulation, control of endogenous gene expression, and direction of DNA and chromatin modifications. Proteins of the Dicer-Like and Argonaute (AGO) families have key roles within these silencing pathways and have distinct biochemical properties. We are interested in the relationships between different silencing pathways and have used Nicotiana benthamiana as a model system. While not being an amenable plant for traditional genetics, N. benthamiana is extensively used for RNA-silencing studies. Using virus-induced gene silencing technology we demonstrate that both NbAGO1and NbAGO4-like genes are required for full systemic silencing but not for silencing directed by an inverted repeat transgene. Phenotypic differences between the virusinduced gene silencing plants indicate that NbAGO1 and NbAGO4 like act at different stages of the silencing pathways. Suppression of NbAGO1 expression recapitulated the hypomorphic mutant phenotype of certain Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ago1 alleles, however, suppression of NbAgo4 like resulted in phenotypes differing in some respects from those reported for Arabidopsis ago4. We suggest that the small interfering RNA amplification step required for full systemic silencing is dependent upon a nuclear event requiring the activity of NbAGO4 like.
Comparison of the Maximum Angular Velocity of Lower Limb Joints in Different Methods of Zenkutsu-dachi in Karate

* Corresponding Author: Mohammad Taghi Amiri Khorasani, PhD. Address: Department of Sport Biomechanic, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid bahonar University, Kerman, Iran. Tel: +98 (913) 1999143 E-mail: amirikhorasani@uk.ac. ir 1. Department of Sport Biomechanic, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran. Ali Amiri Khorasani1 , *Mohammad Taghi Amiri Khorasani1 , Fariborz Mohammadipour1
Cancer Therapy: Preclinical Activationof4-1BBonLiverMyeloidCellsTriggers Hepatitis via an Interleukin-27–Dependent Pathway

Purpose: Agonist antibodies targeting the T-cell costimulatory receptor 4-1BB (CD137) are among the most effective immunotherapeutic agents across preclinical cancer models. In the clinic, however, development of these agents has been hampered by dose-limiting liver toxicity. Lack of knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this toxicity has limited the potential to separate 4-1BB agonist–driven tumor immunity from hepatotoxicity. Experimental Design: The capacity of 4-1BB agonist antibodies to induce liver toxicity was investigated in immunocompetent mice, with or without coadministration of checkpoint blockade, via (i) measurement of serum transaminase levels, (ii) imaging of liver immune infiltrates, and (iii) qualitative and quantitative assessment of liver myeloid and T cells via flow cytometry. Knockout mice were used to clarify the contribution of specific cell subsets, cytokines, and chemokines. Results:We find that activation of 4-1BB on liver myeloid cells is essential to initiate hepatitis. Once activated, these cells produce interleukin-27 that is required for liver toxicity. CD8 T cells infiltrate the liver in response to this myeloid activation and mediate tissue damage, triggering transaminase elevation. FoxP3þ regulatory T cells limit liver damage, and their removal dramatically exacerbates 4-1BB agonist–induced hepatitis. Coadministration of CTLA-4 blockade ameliorates transaminase elevation, whereas PD-1 blockade exacerbates it. Loss of the chemokine receptor CCR2 blocks 4-1BB agonist hepatitis without diminishing tumor-specific immunity against B16 melanoma. Conclusions: 4-1BB agonist antibodies trigger hepatitis via activationandexpansionof interleukin-27–producing liver Kupffer cells and monocytes. Coadministration of CTLA-4 and/or CCR2 blockade may minimize hepatitis, but yield equal or greater antitumor immunity. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1–14. 2018 AACR.
Low-Temperature Cleaning of GaAs Substrate by Atomic Hydrogen Irradiation

Low-temperature cleaning of GaAs substrate by atomic hydrogen irradiation has been demonstrated. Atomic hydrogen was provided by dissociation of hydrogen gas, which was carried out in a simple cracking cell with a 1500°C tungsten filament. Auger electron spectroscopy showed that carbon was removed at 200°C and oxygen was removed at 400°C by 30-min atomic hydrogen irradiation. The surface cleaning of GaAs was confirmed by the change of RHEED pattern from halo to streak after the hydrogen irradiation.
Petri Net Plans A Framework for Cooperation and Coordination in Multi-Robot Systems

Programming behaviors for multi-robot systems is a challenging task and has a key-role in the development of effective systems in many application domains. In this paper, we present Petri Net Plans (PNPs), a Petri Net (PN) based language which allows an intuitive and effective robot and multi-robot behavior design. PNPs are very expressive and intuitive at the same time, allowing a small modeling effort for its users. As a central feature, PNPs allow formal analysis of plans based on PN standard tools. PNPs are suitable for modeling Multi-Robot Systems and the developed behaviors allow for distributed execution which maintains the properties of the modeled system. PNPs have been proved to be effective on several robotic platforms for many application domains. In this paper, we report two case studies which address coordination and cooperation issues.
Knowledge on Exercise Counselling and Physical Activity Promotion among Healthcare Professionals in Primary Care

Objective. To find out the exercise prescription knowledge among healthcare professionals in Kakamega county, Kenya Design. The study design was a descriptive crosssectional, that utilized quantitative methods Setting. The study was conducted in Public health facilities in Kakamega County, located in Western Kenya. These facilities were four (4) SubCounty hospitals, two (2) County hospitals and one (1) County referral hospital Sample Stratified random sampling was embraced to divide the population into homogeneous subgroups as per the professional cadres then simple random in proportion to their number in the population was done.Formulae that was used for calculating the sample size was Cochran) with an attrition rate of 10%, since the sample size was less than 10,000 people, the sample size was adjusted with the Finite population correction for proportions based on the populations of nurses, doctors and clinical officers (n = 221) Analysis. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. All assumption for conducting parametric tests were met before undertaking parametric tests. ANOVA was used to determine if healthcare providers differed with regards to knowledge of exercise prescription. In case of observing significant differences Hochberg’s GT2 post-hoc test was used. Alpha level for all the computations was considered p <0.05. Main outcome measures. Exercise prescription knowledge among healthcare professionals Results. (43.4%, n=96) of the respondents agreed that they were aware of the WHO guidelines for physical activity. (42.5%, n=94) said that they are not sure about the ACSM guidelines. (41.2%, n=91) strongly agreed that aerobic and muscle strengthening physical activity are beneficial. (59.3%, n=131) were not sure that age predicted heart rate maximum can easily be determined by 220 minus age. majority of the healthcare professionals had good knowledge of exercise prescription (81%, n=179) scoring 28 or above and there were no significant differences (F (2, 218) = . 675, p = . 510, ƞp = . 01) in knowledge of exercise prescription amongst healthcare professionals Conclusion. A replication study on healthcare professionals with different characteristics should be conducted to increase the possibility for generalization of the
A Hybrid Probabilistic Approach for Table Understanding

Tables of data are used to record vast amounts of socioeconomic, scientific, and governmental information. Although humans create tables using underlying organizational principles, unfortunately AI systems struggle to understand the contents of these tables. This paper introduces an end-to-end system for table understanding, the process of capturing the relational structure of data in tables. We introduce models that identify cell types, group these cells into blocks of data that serve a similar functional role, and predict the relationships between these blocks. We introduce a hybrid, neuro-symbolic approach, combining embedded representations learned from thousands of tables with probabilistic constraints that capture regularities in how humans organize tables. Our neuro-symbolic model is better able to capture positional invariants of headers and enforce homogeneity of data types. One limitation in this research area is the lack of rich datasets for evaluating end-to-end table understanding, so we introduce a new benchmark dataset comprised of 431 diverse tables from data.gov. The evaluation results show that our system achieves the state-of-the-art performance on cell type classification, block identification, and relationship prediction, improving over prior efforts by up to 7% of macro F1 score.
Molecular evolutionary analysis of ORF3 and M genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in HeiLongJiang province of China

In this present study, 11 porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (PEDVs) were isolated from the fecal samples of piglets infected with PEDV in HeiLongJiang province of China. In order to analyze the molecular evolution of these reemerging PEDVs, the ORF3 and M genes of 11 PEDVs were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, cloned, sequenced, and analyzed with each other as well as other PEDV reference strains. The complete nucleotide sequence comparison was performed with Bioedit software, and the results showed that the similarity of 11 ORF3 and M genes ranged from 97% to 100%. Nucleotides and amino acids were changed at some sites in the ORF3 and M genes of the 11 PEDV isolates when compared with CV777 reference strain, indicating that high level of variation may have occurred in the ORF3 and M genes of PEDV strains. To establish genetic relationships of the fully sequenced ORF3 and M genes, multiple sequence alignments were carried and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results indicated that these PEDV isolates belonged to genotype 3.4 that is dominant subgroup in PEDV Group, showed a close relationship with some recent reported Chinese PEDV strains, and exhibited comparatively rapid genetic evolution, as revealed by these viruses responsible for the recent PEDV outbreak in HeiLongJiang province clustered closely together with other Chinese strains with rapid evolution rate. This study might be not only crucial to understand the currently prevailing PEDV strains in northeast of China, but also provides valuable data for preventing and controlling PEDV.
The Role of Using Motorized Diamond Burr Polisher Instrument in Minimizing the Recurrent Rate of Pterygium Excision

To compare the effects of using motorized diamond burr polisher in pterygium excision versus manual polishing of the corneoscleral bed in reducing the recurrent rate. A prospective, comparative and interventional study of 90 consecutive patients with different grads of primary pterygium, who underwent pterygium excision at Shahid Aso teaching eye hospital in Sulaimani city, between August 2018 till September 2019, which was performed by single surgeon. In group A (45) eyes polishing of the corneoscleral bed done using motorized diamond polishing burr, and in group B (45) eyes using manual crescent blade for polishing. Recurrent rate was evaluated after about (8±2) months postoperatively. Ethical consideration of the risks and the benefits of the procedure was observed for each individual patient. A 90 patients with the mean age of group A (48.84±12.7) years and group B (49.67±12.3) years, complained of different grads of primary pterygium, group A had 31(68.9%) male and 14(31.1%) female, while group B had 22(48.9%) male and 23(51.1%) female. Each individual factors like age, gender, visual acuity, BCVA pre and postoperatively, IOP measurement, dryness of the eye and risk factors like smoking and UV exposure affecting the recurrence were assessed. In both groups the main indication for surgery was sign of irritation. The mean surgical time was calculated and the difference between two groups were significant. After follow-up of average six months the outcomes and recurrent rate were checked, recurrent rate was in group A 1(2.2%) while in group B was 6(13.3%) patients. it significantly decreased. Corneal scar happens in only 1(2.2%) case of group A while in 11(24.4%) cases in group B, Corneal scar was statistically significant. In both groups the change of BCVA was significant but the visual change was more significant in group A in compare to group B. Motorized diamond burr is a safe instrument for polishing the cornea during pterygium excision, it is easy to handle, low price, need lesser operative time, its effect on recurrence postoperatively is significant and beside it leaves lesser corneal scar and early visual recovery postoperatively.
Effect on Academic Achievement and Misconceptions of Pre-service Teachers through Combining Different Teaching Methods in a Preschool Science Course

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different active teaching techniques on pre-school student teachers' concept learning and academic achievement. The study group consisted of 46 third year pre-school student teachers in a public university. Different active teaching methods were used during the single term Science Course, a compulsory course in the Preschool Programme. The treatment process took ten weeks in total (4 hours per week). The study had both qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data were collected using a three-tiered science concepts test, and qualitative data were collected through observation by the researcher. The alpha Cronbach values calculated for the test's reliability were 0.642 for Success-1 (S1) and 0.52 for Misconception-3 (MC3) scores. A dependent t-test was used to compare the pre and post-test scores of the pre-school student teachers. The researcher took observation notes during the in-class teaching exercises. The findings revealed that there were significant differences between the student teachers' pre and post-test scores. They understood science concepts significantly better by the end of the course. It is concluded that combining different teaching methods enhances science concept understanding among student teachers. In addition, misconceptions decreased after instruction.
Radiation-Induced Amorphization

### History and applications The earliest description of a change in mineral property caused by radiation-damage was by Jons Jacob Berzelius in 1814. Berzelius, a Swedish physician and mineral chemist, was certainly one of the most eminent scientists of his century, discovering the elements cerium, selenium and thorium. He discovered that some U- and Th-bearing minerals glowed on moderate heating, releasing, sometimes violently, large amounts of energy. This “pyrognomic” behavior was first observed in gadolinite, (REE)2FeBe2Si2O10, as it released stored energy. Today, this same type of catastrophic energy release is a significant concern in reactor safety where rapid energy release from neutron-irradiated graphite can lead to a rise in temperature and the rupture of fuel elements. In 1893, Brogger defined “metamikte” in an encyclopedia entry for amorphous materials. Metamict minerals were believed to have been previously crystalline, as judged by well-formed crystal faces, but had a characteristic glass-like, conchoidal fracture and were optically isotropic. Prior to the discovery of radioactivity by Becquerel in 1896, the metamict state was not recognized as a radiation-induced transformation. Hamberg (1914) was the first to suggest that metamictization is a radiation-induced, periodic-to-aperiodic transformation caused by α-particles that originate from the constituent radionuclides in the uranium and thorium decay-series. A detailed summary of the history of studies of radiation effects in minerals can be found in Ewing (1994). In the 1950s, interest in metamict minerals was revived. Adolf Pabst rescued the term “metamict” from obscurity in his presidential address to the Mineralogical Society of America in 1951 (Pabst 1952). However, mineralogists paid limited attention to nuclear effects in minerals or the general importance of radiation effects in modifying the properties of materials. By the early 1940s, E.P. Wigner already had anticipated that the intense neutron flux in the Hanford Production reactors …
Multi-Classifier based Sentiment Analysis for Opinionated Data Posted in Social Networking﻿

— Huge quantities of information are available through web and social media platforms have made available to users worldwide. Social networking is the most valuable source of learning, getting ideas, reviews for a product or a service. Everyday millions of users post view about a product, person or a place, give their views, ideas on blog, twitter. Ideas use reviews, assessment surveys, and online networking as a device to obtain criticism on their items and services. The web has extremely huge number and size it is very difficult to handle and understand such reviews. Sentiment analysis is an emerging field in the research area is used to analyse and extracts the opinion from the given review and the analysis process includes natural language processing (NLP), computational linguistics, text analytics and classifying the polarity of the opinion. In the field of sentiment analysis there are many algorithms exist to tackle NLP problems. This immense volume of information may forces potential beneficial business related data, which when separated keenly and spoke to sensibly, can be a mine of gold for administrations Research &Development (R&D), attempting to add library an item in light of prominent popular opinion. In this paper, we use the multi-classifier model in the area of Sentiment Analysis using Support Vector Machine which worked on review /opinion posted on social network/ twitter. Our work aims at forfeiting these researches with greater accuracy and potential to excel in both retail and corporate forums
Stay-at-home orders and the willingness to stay home during the COVID-19 pandemic: A stated-preference discrete choice experiment

The spread of COVID-19 in the Spring of 2020 prompted state and local governments to implement a variety of policies, including stay-at-home (SAH) orders and mandatory mask requirements, aimed at reducing the infection rate and the severity of the pandemic’s impact. We implement a discrete choice experiment survey in three major U.S. States—California, Georgia, and Illinois—to empirically quantify individuals’ willingness to stay (WTS) home, measured as the number of weeks of a potential new SAH order, to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 disease and explore factors leading to their heterogeneous WTS. Our results demonstrate broad support for statewide mask mandates. In addition, the estimate of WTS to lower new positive cases is quite large, approximately five and half weeks, even though staying home lowers utility. We also find that individuals recognize the trade-offs between case reduction and economic slowdown stemming from SAH orders when they decide to stay home or not. Finally, pandemic related factors such as age, ability to work from home, and unemployment status are the main drivers of the heterogeneity in individuals’ WTS.
Changes in Pore Structure of Metallurgical Cokes under Blast Furnace Conditions

Metallurgical cokes were subjected to gasification by CO–CO2–N2 gas with blast-furnace-like composition–temperature profile to 1673 K (1400 °C) and annealing under N2 at temperature up to 2273 K (2000 °C). Pore structure of cokes was examined using image analysis. Porosity and pore size were both enlarged under gasification and annealing conditions. The pore structure change during gasification was mainly a result of the Boudouard reaction; the pore structure development upon annealing was attributed to the reactions of mineral matters with carbon and further devolatilization. Annealing and gasification caused a decrease in average pore roundness, an increase in the fraction of low roundness pores and the increase of coalescence points in the pore area. The degradation of coke strength following reaction and annealing was characterized using tensile testing. Both gasification and annealing decreased the mechanical strength of coke. Degradation of more reactive cokes (cokes C and D) by gasification at 1673.
The Disagreement Deconvolution: Bringing Machine Learning Performance Metrics In Line With Reality

Machine learning classifiers for human-facing tasks such as comment toxicity and misinformation often score highly on metrics such as ROC AUC but are received poorly in practice. Why this gap? Today, metrics such as ROC AUC, precision, and recall are used to measure technical performance; however, human-computer interaction observes that evaluation of human-facing systems should account for people’s reactions to the system. In this paper, we introduce a transformation that more closely aligns machine learning classification metrics with the values and methods of user-facing performance measures. The disagreement deconvolution takes in any multi-annotator (e.g., crowdsourced) dataset, disentangles stable opinions from noise by estimating intra-annotator consistency, and compares each test set prediction to the individual stable opinions from each annotator. Applying the disagreement deconvolution to existing social computing datasets, we find that current metrics dramatically overstate the performance of many human-facing machine learning tasks: for example, performance on a comment toxicity task is corrected from . 95 to . 73 ROC AUC.
Cathode: A Consistency-Aware Data Placement Algorithm for the Edge

Data storage has been recognized as one of the key tasks for edge/fog computing infrastructures. Keeping replicas of data near the edge has many advantages, including allowing client to be served directly from the fog layer with lower latency and avoiding short-lived data to be shipped in its entirely to the cloud servers. In both cases, edge storage can offer significant bandwidth savings in traffic to and from the cloud datacenterse. However, replica placement on the edge is challenging for multiple reasons. First, objects can be updated by many sources, unlike in classic CDN networks where most updates are centralized. Second, different objects may have different consistency requirements. Third, the number of nodes and objects is very large, which precludes the use of centralized solutions. In this paper, we propose a replica placement algorithm for the edge, named Cathode, that addresses the challenges above. Cathode is decentralized and scalable, providing fast convergence, but also achieving high quality deployments. Furthermore, when making placement decision, it takes into account the data consistency protocol, considering both the cost of update and read operations, leading to different placements for different replica-consistency algorithms. The paper offers an extensive evaluation of Cathode and show that it outperforms previous state-of-the-art replica placement algorithms.