Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on Hazardous Areas of Hydrogen Fluoride Diffusion Based on CFD Simulation

Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is a typical dangerous gas in the fluorine chemical industry. Its leakage is one of the most common types of accidents in this industry, and it poses a serious threat to personnel safety and health, environmental sanitation, and social stability. In this paper, the process and consequences of an HF leakage accident in a fluorine chemical plant were simulated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software, and hazardous areas (lethal area, severe injury area, light injury area, and maximum allowable concentration area) of HF diffusion were determined according to the HF concentration corresponding to the degree of personal injury. Moreover, the effects of wind speed and height on hazardous areas were analyzed. The research results of this paper provide model support for similar enterprises to predict the consequences of harmful gas leakage accidents, and give suggestions on emergency evacuation and rescue work, which have practical application significance.
New printed slot antennas with etched SIR components in the ground plane

In this study, two new printed slot antennas have been simulated and fabricated using a single layer of FR4 substrate for modern wireless applications. The first printed slot antenna with etched stair-step topology in the ground plane is proposed to achieve the single-band operation. This topology is based on two components of asymmetrical step-impedance resonator (SIR) and one component of symmetrical SIR. The first designed printed slot antenna satisﬁes the requirements of WLAN applications at 5.75 GHz. The second printed slot antenna is a developed version of the first one with one inserted component of symmetrical SIR and one asymmetrical SIR component to be operated as a multiband antenna applicable for WiMAX, WLAN, and X-band downlink satellite systems at 3.5, 5.75, and 7.75 GHz, respectively. The proposed antennas have small sizes, and competitive electrical specifications than many reported SIR and non-SIR antennas in the literature.
Effects of Voice Type and Task on L2 Learners' Awareness of Pronunciation Errors

Research suggests learners may improve their second language (L2) pronunciation by imitating voices with similar acoustic profiles. However, previously reported improvements have been in suprasegmentals (prosodic features such as intonation). It remains unclear if voice similarity applies to L2 segmentals (consonants and vowels). To address this issue, this study investigates how voice similarity facilitates awareness of pronunciation errors, a necessary step in pronunciation improvement. In two experiments, advanced L2 learners identified their pronunciation errors by comparing their production to the production of a resynthesized model voice using learners’ voices as the base (Golden Speaker voice), or to an unfamiliar resynthesized voice with the same gender as the learner (Silver Speaker voice). In Experiment 1, L2 learners identified all syllables with vowel and consonant errors when comparing their production to the model voice. Their choices were compared to identifications by expert judges. In Experiment 2, learners were told how many errors the expert judges had identified before identifying the same number of errors. Results did not support facilitative effects of Golden Speaker voices in either experiment, but Experiment 2 resulted in higher identification percentages. Discussion of the challenges in self-identification of errors in relation to voice similarity are offered.
Practical Mutation Testing at Scale: A view from Google

Mutation analysis assesses a test suite’s adequacy by measuring its ability to detect small artificial faults, systematically seeded into the tested program. Mutation analysis is considered one of the strongest test-adequacy criteria. Mutation testing builds on top of mutation analysis and is a testing technique that uses mutants as test goals to create or improve a test suite. Mutation testing has long been considered intractable because the sheer number of mutants that can be created represents an insurmountable problem–both in terms of human and computational effort. This has hindered the adoption of mutation testing as an industry standard. For example, Google has a codebase of two billion lines of code and more than 150,000,000 tests are executed on a daily basis. The traditional approach to mutation testing does not scale to such an environment; even existing solutions to speed up mutation analysis are insufficient to make it computationally feasible at such a scale. To address these challenges, this paper presents a scalable approach to mutation testing based on the following main ideas: (1) mutation testing is done incrementally, mutating only changed code during code review, rather than the entire code base; (2) mutants are filtered, removing mutants that are likely to be irrelevant to developers, and limiting the number of mutants per line and per code review process; (3) mutants are selected based on the historical performance of mutation operators, further eliminating irrelevant mutants and improving mutant quality. This paper empirically validates the proposed approach by analyzing its effectiveness in a code-review-based setting, used by more than 24,000 developers on more than 1,000 projects. The results show that the proposed approach produces orders of magnitude fewer mutants and that context-based mutant filtering and selection improve mutant quality and actionability. Overall, the proposed approach represents a mutation testing framework that seamlessly integrates into the software development workflow and is applicable to industrial settings of any size.
Proteoglycan 4 (lubricin) is a highly sialylated glycoprotein associated with cardiac valve damage in animal models of infective endocarditis.

S. gordonii and S. sanguinis are primary colonizers of tooth surfaces, and are generally associated with oral health, but can also cause infective endocarditis (IE). These species express "Siglec-like" adhesins that bind sialylated glycans on host glycoproteins, which can aid the formation of infected platelet-fibrin thrombi (vegetations) on cardiac valve surfaces. We previously determined that the ability of S. gordonii to bind sialyl T-antigen (sTa) increased pathogenicity, relative to recognition of sialylated core 2 O-glycan structures, in an animal model of IE. However, it is unclear when and where the sTa structure is displayed, and which sTa-modified host factors promote valve colonization. In this study, we identified sialylated glycoproteins in the aortic valve vegetations and plasma of rat and rabbit models of this disease. Glycoproteins that display sTa versus core 2 O-glycan structures were identified by using recombinant forms of the streptococcal Siglec-like adhesins for lectin blotting and affinity capture, and the O-linked glycans were profiled by mass spectrometry. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), also known as lubricin, was a major carrier of sTa in the infected vegetations. Moreover, plasma PRG4 levels were significantly higher in animals with damaged or infected valves, as compared with healthy animals. The combined results demonstrate that, in addition to platelet GPIbα, PRG4 is a highly sialylated mucin-like glycoprotein found in aortic valve vegetations and may contribute to the persistence of oral streptococci in this protected endovascular niche. Moreover, plasma PRG4 could serve as a biomarker for endocardial injury and infection.
How to Design a Secure Anonymous Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for Multi-Server Environments and Prove Its Security

An anonymous authentication and key agreement (AAKA) protocol provides anonymous members symmetric authentication and establishes a symmetric session key for secure communication in public networks. Today, numerous popular remote services are based on multi-server architecture, such as the internet of things (IoT), smart cities, cloud services, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET), and telecare medicine information systems (TMIS). Many researchers have attempted to design AAKA protocols in multi-server environments for various applications. However, many of these have security defects, even if they have so-called “formal” security proofs. In this paper, we analyze related AAKA protocols to identify the common design defects, expound the process of designing secure AAKA protocols, and explain why the present AAKA protocols still suffer attacks, despite having security proofs. We instruct readers on how to design a secure AAKA protocol and how to prove the security. This paper will therefore be helpful for the design of new AAKA protocols, and for ensuring their security.
An Exploration of the Acoustic Space of Rhotics and Laterals in Ruruuli

Liquid consonants—rhotics and laterals—have been shown to demonstrate unique distributional patterns cross-linguistically. It is also claimed that rhotics are more difficult to distinguish from one another phonetically than laterals, and that rhotics are less flexible than laterals when it comes to participation in consonant clusters and coarticulatory patterns. We investigate the phonetic realization of the rhotic and lateral phonemes in a Bantu language, Ruruuli. The acoustic space used for rhotics and laterals in this language is extremely similar, although the density peaks in terms of formant values are different. Formant values as well as formant ratios can be reliably used to distinguish between rhotics and laterals. In common with many other languages, an asymmetry between laterals and rhotics is found in Ruruuli, with laterals being more positionally constrained than rhotics. The overlap in acoustic space between rhotics and laterals may cast doubt on the status or stability of the phonological contrast between rhotics and laterals in this language.
Lexical Density Analysis of Word Productions in Japanese English Using Acoustic Word Embeddings

In L2 pronunciation, what kind of phonetic errors are more in-ﬂuential to intelligibility reduction? Teachers say that learners’ utterances become unintelligible when words are pronounced with such errors that make the words misidentiﬁed as others. In this paper, we focus on Japanese English (JE), where the number of phonemes of the L1 (Japanese) is much smaller than that of the L2 (American English, AE). Since learners often substitute L1 phonemes when speaking in L2, some words are expected to be pronounced not distinctively enough in JE, which may result in word misidentiﬁcation. This implies that words of JE will exist phonetically closer to each other in a space where words are distributed. In this paper, lexical density analysis of JE and AE is carried out using acoustic word embeddings. Word productions in JE and AE, extracted from the ERJ corpus, are mapped as points in an acoustic word embedding space obtained by network training with the WSJ corpus. Experiments show that signiﬁcantly higher density is found in JE than in AE and it is also found in poor learners than in good learners.
Approaches, challenges, and recent advances in automated bee counting devices – a review

For nearly 100 years, electronic bee counters have been developed using various technologies to track the foraging activity of mostly honey bee colonies. These counters should enable remote monitoring of the hives without disturbing natural flight behavior while generating precise scientific data. Today, however, there are not many counters on the market, that are able to fulfill this task. One main challenge is the lack of standardized methods to validate a counter’s precision, but validation is crucial to categorize and judge the data produced by the counter, especially for scientific purposes. Another challenge is the interpretation of flight data to measure the effects of environmental or anthropogenic sources. Nevertheless, recent developments in the field are promising. This review describes the historic development of automated bee flight measurement and critically compares validation methods to encourage their improvement. Lastly, to increase the comparability of future analyses with bee counters, current advances in data interpretation are also presented.
“MY FIRST SEXUAL KNOWLEDGE” VIDEO-ANIMATION-BASED FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGED 4-6 YEARS FROM SEXUAL VIOLENCE

The purpose of this research is to develop media “my first sexual knowledge" based on animated videos for the protection of children from sexual violence aged 4-6 years. The research method carried out by the researcher is the method research and Development. The development used is qualitative and quantitative according to the model ADDIE which consists of four components: Analysis, Design, Development or Production, Implementation or Delivery and Evaluations. This video has been validated by media experts with the final assessment results of 98.75% and 97.58%. Besides being validated by media experts and material experts, this video has also been tested on a small scale on 16 children accompanied by parents with the results of 85.03% and 90.20% has been tested on a large scale on 34 children accompanied by parents. small and large scale trials are categorized as very good. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, the video my first sexual knowledge is a reference for educators and parents to provide education to children so that they are protected from acts of sexual violence.
Experimental implementation of a novel model‐free adaptive fractional‐order sliding mode controller for a flexible‐link manipulator

This paper presents an experimental study of a robust control scheme for a single flexible‐link manipulator. Regarding the nonlinear dynamics of flexible manipulators and vibration problems associated with these robots, this study aims to propose a novel fractional‐order controller for efficient reference tracking, even in the presence of noise and total disturbances. In this regard, the control term is formulated by adopting the intelligent proportional–integral–derivative (PID) (iPID) technique and sliding mode control. As for estimating unknown states of the system, and ensuring that time‐variable disturbances are well‐handled and they do not excite vibrating modes, the generalized proportional integral (GPI) observer is utilized. Then, the adaptive reaching laws are derived along with the Lyapunov stability analysis, and finite‐time convergence of the sliding surface is proven. Finally, well‐trajectory tracking and robustness of the system are illustrated by the experimental results. The effectiveness of the fractional calculus in terms of accuracy, control effort, and vibration suppression is depicted as well.
Sound Change in Spontaneous Bilingual Speech: A Corpus Study on the Cantonese n-l Merger in Cantonese-English Bilinguals

In Cantonese and several other Chinese languages, /n/ is merging with /l/. The Cantonese merger appears categorical, with /n/ becoming /l/ word-initially. This project aims to describe the status of /n/ and /l/ in bilingual Cantonese and English speech to better understand individual differences at the interface of crosslinguistic influence and sound change. We examine bilingual speech using the SpiCE corpus, composed of speech from 34 early Cantonese-English bilinguals. Acoustic measures were collected on pre-vocalic nasal and lateral onsets in both languages. If bilinguals maintain separate representations for corresponding segments across languages, smaller differences between /n/ and /l/ are predicted in Cantonese compared to English. Measures of mid-frequency spectral tilt suggest that the /n/ and /l/ contrast is robustly maintained in English, but not Cantonese. The spacing of F2-F1 suggests small differences between Cantonese /n/ and /l/, and robust differences in English. While cross-language categories appear independent, substantial individual differences exist in the data. These data contribute to the understanding of the /n/ and /l/ merger in Cantonese and other Chinese languages, in addition to providing empirical and theoretical insights into crosslinguistic influence in early bilinguals.
Identifikasi SNP genom pada populasi Elaeis guineensis x Elaeis oleifera

Usaha pencarian marka DNA yang berhubungan dengan sifat yang diinginkan pada Elaeis oleifera guna introgresi sifat tersebut ke genome Elaeis guineensis memerlukan marka DNA yang polimorfik. Untuk menghasilkan marka DNA yang polimorfik dengan jumlah banyak, identifikasi SNP genom dilakukan melalui pengurutan kembali (resequencing) 12 individu contoh populasi hibrida E. guineensis x E. oleifera (hibrida OxG), yaitu E. oleifera tipe liar, F1 hibrida interspesifik, pseudo-backcross dan material maju E. guineensis, menggunakan next generation sequencing (NGS). Read (urutan basa yang “dibaca”/merupakan keluaran mesin NGS) dari 12 contoh memiliki mutu yang baik dan 96% total read yang disaring dapat dilakukan demultipleks dan ditentukan pada contoh yang sesuai. Setelah proses penyaringan dan pemotongan, 84% read dapat digunakan untuk pemetaan genom dan menghasilkan 5,7X hingga 10,42X cakupan genom. Dari 34.410. 224 SNP yang teridentifikasi, 98,7% diantaranya adalah varian non-coding, dan berdasarkan lokasi, 69,1% total SNP adalah SNP intergenic. Sebanyak 5.618 SNP dari total SNP yang dihasilkan dibuktikan menggunakan targeted genotyping by sequencing pada 500 individu contoh. Sebanyak 74% SNP yang digunakan bermutu tinggi yang dibaca pada setidaknya 95% contoh. Principal component analysis menggunakan SNP tersebut mampu mengidentifikasi setiap latar belakang genetik contoh. Pembuktian tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa identifikasi SNP yang dilakukan melalui pengurutan kembali menghasilkan SNP bermutu tinggi yang dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan marka DNA yang dapat diperbantukan pada seleksi populasi pemuliaan E. guineensis x E. oleifera.
A randomized, double blind, parallel, placebo‐controlled study to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 in gut development of young children

Abstract In this clinical trial, the safety and effectiveness of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (LP N1115) were investigated as a potential probiotic to enhance gut development in young children born by caesarean section. Infants and young children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years were administered with a probiotic consisting of LP N1115 strain (n = 30) or placebo supplement (n = 30) over an 8 weeks intervention. And the stool consistency, bowel habits, salivary cortisol, fecal microbiota, and short‐chain fatty acid metabolism were investigated. Efficacy data were obtained from 58 participants who completed the study. Overall, the placebo functioned similarly to LP N1115 group in relation to stool consistency, gastrointestinal symptoms, salivary cortisol, and short‐chain fatty acids. However, the scoring data relating to the 6–18 months subgroup receiving LP N1115 remained stable over 8 weeks in comparison to placebo. Analysis of the fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that the phyla Firmicutes represented 62% of the microbial relative abundance in the feces of the subjects during the intervening period. No significant changes in alpha‐ or beta‐diversity were noted between the placebo and LP N1115 groups overtime and at each time point. Differential abundance analysis indicated an increase in Lactobacillus in LP N1115 group at weeks 4 (p < .05) and 8 (p < .05) in comparison to the placebo group. These results suggest that probiotic supplementation with LP N1115 was well tolerated by the young children and subtle changes in the microbiome were noted throughout the intervention period.
Phonetically Induced Subwords for End-to-End Speech Recognition

End-to-end automatic speech recognition systems map a sequence of acoustic features to text. In modern systems, text is encoded to grapheme subwords which are generated by methods designed for text processing tasks and therefore don’t model or take advantage of the statistics of the acoustic features. Here, we present a novel method for generating grapheme subwords that are derived from phoneme sequences, therefore capturing phonetical statistics. The phonetically induced subwords can be used for training and inference in any system that benefits from subwords, regardless of architecture and without the need of a pronunciation lexicon. We compare our method to other commonly used methods, which are based on text statistics or on text-phoneme correspondence and present experiments on CTC and RNN-T architectures, evaluating subword sets of different sizes. We find that our phonetically induced subwords can improve performance of RNN-T models with relative improvements of up to 15.21% compared to other subword methods.
Circulating Cellular Communication Network Factor 1 Protein as a Sensitive Liquid Biopsy Marker for Early Detection of Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND Despite recent progress in liquid biopsy technologies, early blood-based detection of breast cancer is still a challenge. METHODS We analyzed secretion of the protein cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1, formerly cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61) in breast cancer cell lines by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Soluble CCN1 in the plasma (2.5 µL) of 544 patients with breast cancer and 427 healthy controls was analyzed by ELISA. The breast cancer samples were acquired at the time of primary diagnosis prior to neoadjuvant therapy or surgery. A classifier was established on a training cohort of patients with breast cancer and age-adapted healthy controls and further validated on an independent cohort comprising breast cancer patients and healthy controls. Samples from patients with benign breast diseases were investigated as additional controls. Samples from patients with acute heart diseases (n = 127) were investigated as noncancer controls. The diagnostic accuracy was determined by receiver operating characteristic using the parameters area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS CCN1 was frequently secreted by breast cancer cell lines into the extracellular space. Subsequent analysis of clinical blood samples from patients with breast cancer and age-adjusted healthy controls revealed an overall specificity of 99.0% and sensitivity of 80.0% for cancer detection. Remarkably, 81.5% of small T1 cancers were already CCN1-positive, while CCN1 concentrations in patients with benign breast lesions were below the threshold for breast cancer detection. CONCLUSIONS Circulating CCN1 is a potentially novel blood biomarker for the detection of breast cancer at the earliest invasive stage.
Empirical Analysis of Generalized Iterative Speech Separation Networks

Although most existing speech separation networks are designed as a one-pass pipeline where the sources are directly estimated from the mixture, multi-pass or iterative pipelines have been shown to be effective by designing multiple rounds of separation and utilizing separation outputs from a previous iteration as additional inputs for the next iteration. Moreover, such iterative separation pipeline can also be extended to a more general framework where a training objective designed to minimize the discrepancy between the estimated and target sources is applied to different parts of the network. In this paper, we empirically investigate the effect of such generalized iterative separation pipeline by adjusting its conﬁguration in multiple aspects in both training and inference phases. For the training phase, we compare the separation performance of both time-domain and frequency-domain networks with different numbers of iterations following the recent discussions on the model architecture organizations. We also evaluate the effect of parameter sharing across iterations and the necessity of additional training objectives. For the inference phase, we measure the separation performance of various numbers of iterations. Our results show that iterative speech separation is a promising direction and deserves more in-depth analysis and exploration.