Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional Reactions of Azerbaijani Young Peoples to Media Commercials and its Impact on Their Attitudinal Developments

In this media saturated world which is lived in today, Adolescents are bombarded by a multitude of advertisement. The present study utilized the theories of flow, mindfulness, and the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion to explore which factors may influence the emotions and attitudes processing of advertisements by students who participated in a two-week media education curriculum. This study attempted to answer the question of whether or not a media education curriculum focused on advertising had an effect on students' emotions and attitudes. A mixed method design was used to obtain data regarding participant emotional responses to media content and attitudinal to process advertisements. This study surveyed girls and boys ages 12 to 14 years who live in Baku, Azerbaijan. A total of 244 participant forms were collected during the two-week surveying period. Participants in the experimental condition participated in 18 fifty-minute lessons over a two week period. T-test, Friedman test and Pearson correlation were used to analyze data. The result shows that there is considerable variance among emotions. Emotion of much amount is Active and emotion of fewer amounts is Suspicious. In addition, there is no significant relation between React emotionally and Attitude variable and Commercials impact variable.
Corporate Governance and the Cost of Debt of Large European Firms

This paper examines the effects of different corporate governance mechanisms on the cost of debt for large European firms and documents a novel interaction effect between shareholder rights and disclosure. Improved disclosure leads to a lower credit spread only if shareholder rights are low. A possible explanation for this finding is the ‘share rights or disclose’ hypothesis. If shareholders have sufficient rights to monitor and influence management decisions, debt providers can rely upon shareholders to mitigate agency costs. Otherwise, bondholders require a premium to compensate for the information risk due to uncertainty about the true value of the firm.
Multi-Frame Super-Resolution of High Frequency with Spatially Weighted Bilateral Total Variance Regularization

Bayesian based Multi-Frame Super-Resolution (MF-SR) has been used as a popular and effective SR model. On the other hand, the texture region is not reconstructed sufficiently because it works on the spatial domain. In this study, the MF-SR method was extended to operate on the frequency domain to improve HF information as much as possible. For this, a spatially weighted bilateral total variation model was proposed as a regularization term for a Bayesian estimation. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can recover the texture region more realistically with reduced noise, compared to conventional methods.
Psychiatric symptoms and disorders in seizure cases referred to psychiatric out-patient service Shakya

Epilepsy and seizure disorders affect more than 1% adult population. Associated psychiatric problems are reported to increase and worsen the morbidity. In Nepalese context of scant data, this study was conducted to sort-out psychiatric symptomatology and disorders among psychiatry out-patient seizure patients. This hospital-based descriptive study analyzed 100 consecutive seizure patients visiting a psychiatric out-patient service in a 1-year period. Seizure diagnosis was as per clinical evidence and electroencephalography (EEG) findings; psychiatric symptomatology was checked and rated with the help of ‘Brief psychiatric rating scale’ (BPRS) and psychiatric diagnoses were made according to ‘International Classification of Diseases: ICD-10’. In this study, 51% subjects were male. Forty-two patients had family history of significant illness, including seizure in 15% and psychiatric illness in 19%. Forty five percent had ICD-10 diagnosis of ‘mental and behavioural disorders’ and all, including the ramaining 55% had significant psychopathology. Mood (mainly depression) and anxiety disorders were the most common psychiatric co-morbidities. The most common BPRS items (besides seizure and related) were: somatic, mood, psychotic, hostility and anxiety symptoms. Hence, seizure may manifest with various psychopathology mainly: somatic, mood, psychotic, hostility and anxiety besides seizurerelated (for example disorientation and motor) symptoms. A number of psychiatric disorders, mainly depression co-occur in seizure.
The effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on experimental depression in mice

Depression is one of the leading causes of global disease burden and disability affecting 10-15% of the population at some time in their lives. The high prevalence of suicide in depressed patients (up to 15%), coupled with complications arising from stress and its effects on the cardiovascular system, have suggested that it will be the second leading cause of death by the year 2020 and studies show depression as a contributory factor to fatal coronary disease.
Combining Transition Probabilities in the Prediction and Simulation of Categorical Fields

Categorical spatial data, such as land cover classes or soil types, are important data sources in many scientific fields, including geography, geology and environment sciences. In geostatistics, indicator kriging (IK) and indicator coKriging (ICK) are typically used for estimating posterior probabilities of class occurrence at any location in space given known class labels at data locations within a neighborhood around that prediction location. In addition, IK and ICK constitute the core of the sequential indicator simulation (SIS) algorithm used for generating realizations of categorical fields. Both IK and ICK require a set of consistently specified indicator (cross)covariance or (cross)variogram models, whose parameter inference can become cumbersome. In addition, IK and ICK may yield estimated probabilities that do not satisfy fundamental probability constraints. To overcome these limitations, transition probability diagrams have been used as an alternative measure of spatial structure for categorical data. More recently, a Spatial Markov Chain (SMC) model was developed for combining transition probabilities into posterior probabilities of class occurrence, under the conditional independence assumption between neighboring data. This paper surveys alternative approaches for combining pre-posterior (two-point) auto- and cross-transition probabilities of class occurrence between any datum location and a prediction or simulation location into conditional or posterior (multi-point) such probabilities. Advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches are highlighted. Last, a proposal is made to synthesize elements of geostatistical and Markov Chain approaches for combining transition probabilities for prediction and simulation of categorical fields.
Real-time textured volume reconstruction using virtual and real video cameras

Reconstructing objects in three dimensions (3D) has always been one of the primary tasks in the domain of computer graphics (CG). Succeeding in this task in real-time, including texture reconstruction, and with very low-cost hardware is the challenge presented in this paper. Graphical processor unit (GPU) Shader algorithms are the base of our 3D density as well as surface color econstructions. We first compare the different geometrical approaches to cast the object silhouette extracted from video cameras into a large voxel space. To test and optimize material configurations and geometrical models, we then present a novel approach using virtual 3D objects. Finally, we demonstrate the abilities of our model with different comparative tests.
Education and wages in Brazil

In the last two decades, Brazil has been characterized by decreasing returns to High School and steeply increasing returns to College education, while graduation rates increased signi cantly at intermediate levels of education and were almost stagnant at College level. We investigate the role of declining school quality at intermediate levels to explain both the inability of students to enter and successfully complete Collge and the decrease in returns to high school. We estimate a joint model of wages and educational choices with unobserved heterogeneity and nd that compositional changes at intermediate levels of education have been an important determinant of observed variations in returns to schooling. Improvements in school quality could be an e¤ective device to ease supply constraints on college entry. However, induced compositional changes should also be accounted for to predict the net impact of college interventions on changes in relative wages.
Preparation of bismuth oxide photocatalyst and its application in white-light LEDs

Bismuth oxide photocatalysts were synthesized and coated on the front surface of phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes to produce a safe and environmentally benign lighting source. Bismuth oxide photocatalyst powders were synthesized with a spray pyrolysis method at 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C. Using the absorption spectrum in the blue and UV regions of the bismuth oxide photocatalysts, the blue light and UV leakage problems of phosphor-converted white LEDs can be significantly reduced. The experimental results showed that bismuth oxide photocatalyst synthesized at 700°C exhibited the most superior spectrum inhibiting ability. The suppressed ratio reached 52.33% in the blue and UV regions from 360 to 420 nm. Related colorimetric parameters and the photocatalyst decomposition ability of fabricated white-light LEDs were tested. The CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were (0.349, 0.393), and the correlated color temperature was 4991K. In addition, the coating layer of photocatalyst can act as an air purifier and diffuser to reduce glare. A value of 66.2 ± 0.60 ppmv of molecular formaldehyde gas can be decomposed in 120mins.
Translation of Religious Terminology: al-fat-h al-islami as a Model

This paper is an attempt to illustrate the importance of understanding the religious and cultural background of the ST in the translation process in order to reach an accurate and precise translation product in the TL. The paper affirms that differences between cultures may cause complications which are even more serious for the translator than those arising from differences in language structures. The sample of the study is concerned with an Islamic term, namely al-fat-h al-Islami-commonly rendered into English as Islamic Conquest or Invasion- a religiously and culturally bound term/concept. The paper starts by defining culture, and then follows with an extensive lexical analysis of the selected term/concept. The study proves that it is difficult to translate this concept into the TL simply due to the lack of optimal or even near optimal cultural equivalents. The skill and the intervention of the translator are most crucial in this respect because, above all, translation is an act of communication. It is hoped that this study will provide a more precise equivalent of this significant concept; a matter which may better reflect the innate peaceful nature of Islam as a religion. The in-depth descriptive analytical method this study follows can be used to analyze other religiously and culturally bound terms/concepts.
Torques and the Related Meridional and Vertical Fluxes of Axial Angular Momentum

The budget equation of the zonally averaged angular momentum is analyzed by introducing belts of 1000-km width to cover the meridional plane from pole to pole up to an altitude of 28 km. Using ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA) data the fluxes of angular momentum are evaluated as well as the mountain and friction torques per belt. Generalized streamfunctions and velocity potentials are introduced to better depict the fluxes related to the angular momentum transferred at the ground during an event of mountain or friction torque. The variance of the total flux divergence per belt is one order of magnitude larger than those of the torques. All variances peak at midlatitudes. As a rule, the structure of the generalized streamfunctions changes little during an event; that is, the structure of the nondivergent part of the fluxes is stable. That of the divergent part, as represented by the velocity potential, undergoes a rapid change near the peak of a torque event. Positive friction torque events in midlatitude belts are preceded by a divergence of angular momentum fluxes in that belt, which is linked to the anticyclonic mass circulation needed to induce the positive torque. The divergence in the belt breaks down shortly before the torque is strongest. Angular momentum is transported upward from the ground after that. Much of the angular momentum generated in a midlatitude belt by positive mountain torques is transported out of the domain, but there is also a short burst of upward transports. Angular momentum anomalies linked to torque events near the equator tend to be symmetric with respect to the equator. Related fluxes affect the midlatitudes of both hemispheres.
Application of ordinal logistic regression model for evaluation of skin quality grading data in Sheep

This study was conducted to compare and evaluate skin quality grading of two indigenous (Blackhead Ogaden [B1] and Hararghe Highland [B2]) with two crossbreds (1⁄2Dorper1⁄2Blackhead Ogaden [B3] and 1⁄2Dorper1⁄2Haraghe Highland [B4] lambs. Following a 90 days feeding trial period, 6 lambs from each breed, a total of 24 lambs were randomly selected and slaughtered for the evaluation of skin quality grading. Visual inspection of the skin was undertaken by trained panel and skin quality grade was made according to 1 to 5 scales with 1 being excellent and 5 being poor. Ordinal logistic regression methodology was used for analyzing response outcomes.The results showed that, the preference ordering for skin quality grading to have the rank B2 > B4 > B3 > B1. Skin quality of the crossbred lambs “B3” was found to be better than indigenous breed “B1”; while the skin quality grading of the indigenous breed “B2”was found to be better than both “B4” and “B1”.
Determinants of trade balance in Polish and Czech manufacturing sectors

Research background: A strong industrial base is essential for achieving long-term sustainable economic growth and export competitiveness. In that sense, manufacturing remains a significant contributor to exports in the CEE countries. How-ever, its role and its influence vary between CEE economies and change over time. Purpose of the article: The main objective of this paper is to compare the determinants of the international competitiveness, measured by the net exports of the manufacturing sectors in the Czech and Polish economies, by using the database of 13 manufacturing sub-sectors in 1995-2011. The authors research the question of how much foreign and domestic demand, the level of labour costs, the level of sector innovation intensity, the level of sector openness to foreign markets as well as sectoral labour productivity influence the changes in trade balance. Methods: Our approach is based on employing an error correction model and SUR model to disaggregated sectoral manufacturing data. Findings & Value added: The results of the analysis conducted show substantial differences in the roles particular variables play in explaining the net exports in individual sectors. For the majority of Polish and Czech manufacturing sub-sectors, generation of positive trade balance is determined by relative demand growth. An increasing labour productivity influences heavily a positive trade balance of Polish goods in majority of sub-sectors, however, a key factor in Czech sub-sectors is decreasing unit labour costs. The results of the analysis indicate mostly a greater impact of the researched factors on net exports in long rather than short term and the better capacity of the Czech economy to correct deviations from the equilibrium.
Review on latest approaches used in Natural Language Processing for generation of Image Captioning

Recently the area of image captioning has received a lot of attention from researchers and academia. Image caption generation area has received attentions since the development of Deep Learning. Automatically generating caption from an image is done by integrating the domain of computer vision and natural language processing. Describing the content of an image is inherently a natural language processing and computer vision task. Many image captioning systems have shown that it is possible to describe the most salient information conveyed by images with accurate and meaningful sentences. This paper gives a survey about different recent approaches that have been used for image captioning with discussing the datasets been used. Index terms – Image captioning, Computer Vision, Natural language processing, Deep Learning.
Optimal Matching Methods for Historical Sequences

common script is standard historical and sociological fare. In the passage from which this quote is drawn, Rude describes a script proceeding from general grievances to triggering events and on to a fixed repertory of rick-burning, machine-breaking, and so on. Throughout his earlier chapters he presents stories of individual riots, on the evidence of which this generalized sequence rests. But one may well ask when we can really speak of such a fixed sequence of events. How would we identify such a sequence quantitatively? How could we discover if the characteristic sequence in rural riots differed sharply from that of urban disturbances? How might we analyze the effects of the occupations of participants on such sequences of events? The answers to such questions are not easily found. The problem of event sequence in riots is typical of a much larger category of sequence problems in history. In each case the data are lists of events. In each case the analyst wants to separate the common pattern from its particular realizations. Yet in each case the analyst wants also to understand why each particular realization took the form it did. The only practical approach to these tasks has been to generate a common pattern using an "ideal type" or comparative analysis, and then to consider the variations from it on an individual basis. There have been no effective quantitative methods for analyzing such "sequence data," a fact that goes far
Chemical evaluation and nutritive values of African walnut leaf (Plukenetia conophora Mull.arg.).

Sample of Plukenetia conophora leaf (African walnut) was analysed for Proximate composition, secondary metabolites, vitamins and mineral constituents. The result of proximate analysis shows that the leaf contained 29±0.71% moisture, 5.63±0.08% fat, 14.92±0.04% fibre, 16.62±0.30% protein, 12.89±0.02% Ash and 20.94±0.01% carbohydrate. The secondary metabolites screening and subsequent quantification revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as tannin which is 0.560±0.01mg/kg, alkaloids, 2.670±0.02mg/kg, saponin, 1.080±0.01mg/kg and anthraquinones, 0.130±mg/kg. The mineral analysis revealed the presence of K which is 15937±0.02mg/kg, Na, 7980±0.01mg/kg, Ca, 18700±0.02mg/kg, Mg, 1766.25±0.1mg/kg, Fe, 4610±0.10mg/kg, Zn, 61.15±0.08mg/kg, Mn, 79.50±0.03mg/kg and Cu, 8.60±0.10mg/kg. Vitamin composition results showed that the leaf contained Thiamine (B1) 0.29±0.01μg/100g, Ascorbic acid (C) 16.28mg/100g, Riboflavin (B2) 0.34±0.01μg/g, Niacin, 0.12±0. 3μg/1 00g and Cyanocobalamin (B12), 0.23±0. 03μg/100g. The results proved that Plukenetia conophora leaf is a food and could be a potential source of useful drug formulation.
Estimating the association between blood pressure variability and cardiovascular disease: An application using the ARIC Study

The association between visit‐to‐visit systolic blood pressure variability and cardiovascular events has recently received a lot of attention in the cardiovascular literature. But, blood pressure variability is usually estimated on a person‐by‐person basis and is therefore subject to considerable measurement error. We demonstrate that hazard ratios estimated using this approach are subject to bias due to regression dilution, and we propose alternative methods to reduce this bias: a two‐stage method and a joint model. For the two‐stage method, in stage one, repeated measurements are modelled using a mixed effects model with a random component on the residual standard deviation (SD). The mixed effects model is used to estimate the blood pressure SD for each individual, which, in stage two, is used as a covariate in a time‐to‐event model. For the joint model, the mixed effects submodel and time‐to‐event submodel are fitted simultaneously using shared random effects. We illustrate the methods using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
Prevalence of the bluetongue virus antibodies in ruminants imported to Poland in 2008.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of antibodies to the bluetongue virus (BTV) in animals imported to Poland in 2008, the calves born to bluetongue positive cows and Polish-origin animals kept together with imported cattle. From January 1 to December 15, 2008, a total of 25,495 samples of sera was tested using the c-ELISA and direct ELISA. Out of the tested sera, 1,511 (5.92 %) were found to be positive for BTV. The majority of seropositive cattle were imported to Poland from Germany (987; 65.3%) and the Netherlands (290; 19.2%). Maternal antibodies were detected in 129 (8.5%) samples of sera taken from calves born to seropositive dams of German and Dutch origin. The high number of seroreagents was the result of bluetongue vaccination implemented in BTV-infected EU member States in 2008. In conclusion, it can be stated that surveillance studies should be continued to monitor the actual bluetongue status of Poland. However, an ELISA for the differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals should be introduced to laboratory practice to determine the number of BTV post-infected seropositive animals in the population of imported animals.
Detection, extraction, and analysis of the vein network of the slime mould Physarum polycephalum

The plasmodium of the slime mould Physarum polycephalum forms an extended and complex two-dimensional vein network that is used to transport protoplasm through the giant cell. To obtain insights into the topology of this vein network, its graph structure needs to be extracted from experimental images. This amounts to the task of extracting and reconstructing very tiny venules (elements) from an image that covers a relatively huge area. A protocol containing a sequence of image processing and correction steps that allows a highly accurate detection and extraction of the underlying graph has been developed and is described in detail. The analysis of the extracted data reveals that the veins and venules of the plasmodium of P. polycephalum form a regular, cubic graph.
Dynamics of reflection of ultracold atoms from a periodic one-dimensional magnetic lattice potential

We report on an experimental study of the dynamics of the reflection of ultracold atoms from a periodic one-dimensional magnetic lattice potential. The magnetic lattice potential of period 10 {mu}m is generated by applying a uniform bias magnetic field to a microfabricated periodic structure on a silicon wafer coated with a multilayered TbGdFeCo/Cr magneto-optical film. The effective thickness of the magnetic film is about 960 nm. A detailed study of the profile of the reflected atoms as a function of externally induced periodic corrugation in the potential is described. The effect of angle of incidence is investigated in detail. The experimental observations are supported by numerical simulations.