Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Banana

Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) represent the fourth most important crop in the world. In 2017, an area of 5,637,508 hectares and a production of 153 million tons were reported. Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is considered one of the most destructive diseases of bananas and plantains worldwide. The pathogen Foc causes a typical wilt syndrome on infected plants, it has a saprophytic and parasitic phase in its life cycle. Fusarium wilt is a “polycyclic” disease. This pathogen shows a relatively diverse population genetic structure for a fungus apparently of asexual reproduction and is composed of different evolutionary lineages, which has 24 groups of vegetative compatibility (VCGs), two clades and nine clonal linage. Foc is a genetically diverse pathogen, although the available evidence so far indicates that it does not use the mechanisms of sexual reproduction, such as recombination, to increase its genetic diversity. Furthermore, the population of this fungus in Southeast Asia shows a high degree of variation, suggesting that Foc lineages evolved together with their hosts in Southeast Asia. Alternatively, it has been suggested that Foc has multiple independent evolutionary origins, both within and outside of the Musaceae origin center.
Comparison of Tenofovir with Telbivudine in Preventing Hepatitis B Transmission in Mothers with High Viral Load: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Little data exist regarding comparison of efficacy and safety between tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and Telbivudine (LdT) in late pregnancy to prevent hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in real-world settings.Methods: We retrospectively included HB-s antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers with HBV DNA ≥2*105IU/mL to receive TDF or LdT after gestational weeks 24～32 weeks. All infants received standard immunoprophylaxis. Primary outcomes were MTCT rates at infants’ age of 52 weeks and safety of TDF or LdT use. Secondary outcomes were the decline of HBV-DNA levels at delivery and rates of on-treatment and off-treatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation>2 upper limits of normal (ULN) during the study.Results: Of 1407 women, 209 received TDF and 1198 received LdT treatment. There were no differences between mean duration of TDF and LdT treatment (TDF vs. LdT: 11.76±2.20 weeks vs 11.64±2.79 weeks, p=0.47). At birth, 213 (9.8%) infants in the TDF-group were HBsAg positive, lower than 1180 (20.8%) in the LdT-group (p<0.001). Among 1405 infants (TDF/LdT=213/1192) of the 1385 (TDF/LdT=205/1180) women completed the 52-weeks study, intention‐to‐treat analysis indicated one infant (0.5 %) was lost to follow-up in TDF treated mothers and three (0.3 %) in LDT treated mothers (p=0.48). On-treatment analysis indicated no HBsAg positive infants in the two groups. Levels of HBV-DNA decline in TDF-treated mothers were observed comparable to LdT-treated mothers (4.05±0.93 log10IU/mlvs.3.99±1.30 log10IU/ml, p=0.50). TDF-treated mothers had complained more symptoms of the digestive system and less arthralgia than LdT-treated mothers. All adverse events in the two groups were grade I-II. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation(>2ULN) in TDF-treated mothers were lower than in LdT-treated mothers (7.3% vs.15.7%, p<0.05). Conclusions: TDF and LdT use in late pregnancy for highly viremic mothers was equally effective in reducing MTCT. However, TDF has fewer ALT abnormalities than LdT during treatment and is the preferred choice.
Nordic Seas Hydrography in the Context of Arctic and North Atlantic Ocean Dynamics

The hydrography of the Nordic seas, a critical site for deep convective mixing, is controlled by various processes. On one hand, Arctic Ocean exports are thought to freshen the North Atlantic Ocean and the Nordic seas, as in the Great Salinity Anomalies (GSAs) of the 1970s–1990s. On the other hand, the salinity of the Nordic seas covaries with that of the Atlantic inflow across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge, leaving an uncertain role for Arctic Ocean exports. In this study, multidecadal time series (1950–2018) of the Nordic seas hydrography, Subarctic Front (SAF) in the North Atlantic Ocean [separating the water masses of the relatively cool, fresh Subpolar Gyre (SPG) from the warm, saline Subtropical Gyre (STG)], and atmospheric forcing are examined and suggest a unified view. The Nordic seas freshwater content is shown to covary on decadal time scales with the position of the SAF. When the SPG is strong, the SAF shifts eastward of its mean position, increasing the contribution of subpolar relative to subtropical source water to the Atlantic inflow, and vice versa. This suggests that Arctic Ocean fluxes primarily influence the hydrography of the Nordic seas via indirect means (i.e., by freshening the SPG). Case studies of two years with anomalous NAO conditions illustrate how North Atlantic Ocean dynamics relate to the position of the SAF (as indicated by hydrographic properties and stratification changes in the upper water column), and therefore to the properties of the Atlantic inflow and Nordic seas.
Improvement of a Level Quantum Secret Sharing Scheme

Abstract Recently, a threshold level quantum secret sharing scheme was presented by Song et al. However, Kao et al. showed that in contrary to Song claim, the reconstructor cannot recover the secret without receiving any information from the other participants. To remedy this weakness, we will propose a new version of Song scheme.
Ecopreneurial Education and Support: Developing the Innovators of Today and Tomorrow

Entrepreneurship and more, particularly ecopreneurship, are essential to drive the sustainable transitions needed in food supply chains. Existing pedagogic frameworks should address these academic disciplines and they should be embedded in the educational curricula. Even when ideas are formed that can drive sustainable change, the process from ideation to commercialization can be difficult: the so-called “valley of death. ” This aim of this conceptual paper is to consider pedagogic and program design and the mechanisms required to enaction of a body of practice around entrepreneurship and, more specifically, ecopreneurship, within academic curricula and associated business incubators. This makes this paper of particular interest for academia, policy makers and industry support sectors alike. An existing university that has both a student enterprise and ecopreneurship program and an established agri-technology business incubator and accelerator is used as a case study to provide insight into how progress from ideation to commercialization can be more readily supported in a university setting. From a pedagogical perspective, it is incumbent to develop new conceptual, methodological and theoretically underpinned spiral pedagogies to teach and support future generations of learners at agricultural and land-based colleges and universities as to how to exploit and take advantage of entrepreneurial and ecopreneurial business opportunities. Productization, too, needs to be embedded into the ecopreneurial pedagogy and also consideration of how businesses and their associated ecopreneurs navigate from ideation to successful product/service commercialization.
The relationship of concentration and eye-hand coordination with accuracy of backhand backspin serve in table tennis

Received Aug 30, 2020 Revised Sep 29, 2020 Accepted Oct 28, 2020 The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between concentration and hand eye coordination with the accuracy of backhand backspin service. Quantitative approaches and correlational methods are used in this study. This research was conducted at PTM Gempas. The population in this study were all cadet athletes at PTM Gempas, while the sampling technique used was saturated sampling, which means that all athletes totaling 20 people were used as samples. Player concentration data is collected using a concentration grid test, hand eye coordination data is obtained by throwing a tennis ball test, and data for backhand backspin service accuracy is obtained by testing servicing. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Concentration has a strong enough relationship with the accuracy of backhand backspin service, 2) Hand eye coordination has a strong enough relationship with backhand backspin service accuracy. 3) Concentration and hand eye coordination together have a strong enough relationship with backhand backspin service accuracy. Table tennis coach should train the concentration and eye-hand coordination to improve the athlete's service accuracy. Keyword:
Three Contrasting Pairs’ Collaborative Programming Processes in China’s Secondary Education

Pair programming is a collaborative learning mode to foster novice learners’ computer programming. Previous empirical research has reported contrasting conclusions about the effect of pair programming on student learning. To further understand students’ pair programming, this study uses a mixed method to analyze three contrasting pairs’ collaborative behaviors, discourses, and perceptions from a multi-dimensional perspective. The analysis results show that the high-ranked student pair is characterized as the interactive, socially-supportive, and goal-oriented pair; the middle-ranked student pair is characterized as the highly-interactive, socially-supportive, and process-oriented pair; and the low-ranked student pair is characterized as the lowly-interactive, socially-unsupportive, and programming-distracted pair. The research reveals complex relations between collaborative behaviors, discourses, and performances, which have critical influences on students’ pair programming quality. Based on the results, this research proposes pedagogical, analytical, and theoretical implications for future instructional design, learning analytics, and empirical research of collaborative programming.
Burden of Disease in Patients With Tumor‐Induced Osteomalacia

Tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a chronic condition associated with muscle weakness and long‐term disability. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of patients diagnosed with TIO who had been referred to our institution between May 2018 and December 2019. Our aim was to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue, pain, and muscle mass and strength in these patients. Detailed information was obtained regarding general characteristics, initial symptoms and biochemical parameters measured at diagnosis and on the first visit to our institution. Fatigue was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue (FACIT‐Fatigue) scale, pain using the Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form (BPI‐sf) scale and HRQoL by the 36‐item Short Form survey (SF‐36) questionnaire. Eight patients were included in the study: three without tumor localization, four with nonremission after surgery, and one with clinical recurrence 2 years after surgery. Fatigue experienced by patients with TIO was significantly higher compared to the general population (p ˂ .0001). The physical summary measure of the SF‐36 showed significantly lower values than those of the Argentinean population with chronic conditions (mean 20.4 versus 45.9, p < .0001). According to the BPI‐sf, patients with TIO have moderate average pain and the pain interferes severely with walking, general activities, work, and mood. Seven patients had a diagnosis of sarcopenia, four of which had severe sarcopenia. To our best knowledge, this is the first study aimed to quantify fatigue, pain, HRQoL, and muscle mass and strength in a group of patients with TIO. We hope our results contribute to a better understanding of the burden of disease and to establish a basis for future studies—with larger samples—which will make it possible to assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for these conditions. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A model for surface damage in ion-irradiated solids

A model for defect production near the surface of an ion‐irradiated solid is developed based on the concept of local melting. The model shows that, as heat diffuses radially outward from the track of an ion, a cylinder of melt is created, and owing to the large volume change on melting, pressure is developed in the liquid. Unlike displacement cascades in the interior of the crystal, the pressure is relieved by the viscous flow of liquid through the surface. The results of the model are compared to results from molecular dynamics simulations and to experimental observations.
Synthesis of A Novel Spirobisnitroxide Polymer and its Evaluation in an Organic Radical Battery

A straightforward synthesis of a novel spirobisnitroxide 6 has been developed. Cyclovoltammetry of 6 revealed two distinct reversible oxidation/reduction steps separated by ca. 740 mV indicating the formation of the corresponding oxoammonium cations. Rhodium-catalyzed polymerization of 6 afforded the polyacetylene polymer 7 bearing the pending spirobisnitroxide groups. Additionally, cross-linked 7 was prepared in the presence of 3 mol % of N,N′-diprop-2-ynyl-oxalamide. If oxidation of both nitroxide groups is considered, 7 possesses an unprecedented high theoretical charge capacity of 174 mA h g−1. Evaluation of the cross-linked polymer 7 as a cathode material for an organic radical battery showed very good cycling stability when the potential was kept below the oxidation potential of the five-membered nitroxide subunit of 6. A presumable irreversible degradation of the polymeric backbone of 7 occurred at higher potentials, limiting the experimentally obtained charge capacity to 73 mA h g−1.
Risk factors related to the severity of COVID-19 in Wuhan

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics at admission of patients with moderate COVID-19 in Wuhan and to explore risk factors associated with the severe prognosis of the disease for prognostic prediction. Methods: In this retrospective study, moderate and severe disease was defined according to the report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19. Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 172 patients with laboratory-confirmed moderate COVID-19 were collected when they were admitted to the Cancer Center of Wuhan Union Hospital between February 13, 2020 and February 25, 2020. This cohort was followed to March 14, 2020. The outcomes, being discharged as mild cases or developing into severe cases, were categorized into two groups. The data were compared and analyzed with univariate logistic regression to identify the features that differed significantly between the two groups. Based on machine learning algorithms, a further feature selection procedure was performed to identify the features that can contribute the most to the prediction of disease severity. Results: Of the 172 patients, 112 were discharged as mild cases, and 60 developed into severe cases. Four clinical characteristics and 18 laboratory findings showed significant differences between the two groups in the statistical test (P<0.01) and univariate logistic regression analysis (P<0.01). In the further feature selection procedure, six features were chosen to obtain the best performance in discriminating the two groups with a linear kernel support vector machine. The mean accuracy was 91.38%, with a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.94. The six features included interleukin-6, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, procalcitonin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, chest distress and calcium level. Conclusions: With the data collected at admission, the combination of one clinical characteristic and five laboratory findings contributed the most to the discrimination between the two groups with a linear kernel support vector machine classifier. These factors may be risk factors that can be used to perform a prognostic prediction regarding the severity of the disease for patients with moderate COVID-19 in the early stage of the disease.
Exploring the indigenous knowledge systems to respond to coronavirus infection 2019 in Cameroon

Background: Control of coronavirus infection 2019 outbreaks lack specific vaccine or drugs, highlighting the need for appropriate interventions. Indigenous knowledge has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and could help to circumvent this threat. We sought to know the current indigenous knowledge used to protect against covid-19 by people living in Yaounde and Douala, Cameroon. Methods : This survey was conducted with two-hundred and seventy-seven participants. A semi-structured questionnaire aiming at understanding of the practice and common interventions use by people to prevent covid-19 infection. Interviews were conducted by telephone and face to face interviews. Results : A total of thirty-nine recipes consisting in thirty-eight distinct ingredients were recorded. The recipe ingredients comprising twenty-nine medicinal plants and nine other alternatives were used for covid-19 prevention in the city of Yaounde and Douala, Cameroon. The twenty-nine medicinal plant species corresponded to twenty-eight genera, arranged in twenty-one plant families. The most cited plants in recipes were Citrus aurantiifolia Christm. , Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and Allium sativum L. The most cited formulation besides the basic protective measures consisting in recipe 6 [ Allium sativum L. , Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle . and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (RFC=Relative frequency of citation 15.16%)]. Leaves were the most commonly utilized plant part with a frequency of 45%. From the thirty-nine recipes recorded, majority were decoction (69.23%; 27/39) and were administered orally. Conclusions : Results show common knowledge devoid of scientific proof for most hints. Thus, we emphasize the richness of popular knowledge, the need further experimental confirmation of their potency for its integration as complementary therapy. Keywords : Complementary medicine, Covid-19, Medicinal plants, Ethnobotanical survey, Knowledge, Self-reported practice.
Jackfruit Seed-Derived Nanoporous Carbons as the Electrode Material for Supercapacitors

Hierarchically porous activated carbon materials from agro-waste, Jackfruit seeds are prepared by a chemical activation method involving the treatment with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at different temperatures (600–1000 °C). The electrochemical supercapacitance performances of the prepared materials were studied in an aqueous electrolyte (1 M sulfuric acid, H2SO4) in a three-electrode system. Jackfruit seed carbons display nanoporous structures consisting of both micro- and mesopore architectures and they are amorphous in nature and also contain oxygenated surface functional groups, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), Raman scattering, and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The surface areas and pore volumes were found to be 1216.0 to 1340.4 m2·g−1 and 0.804 to 1.144 cm3·g−1, respectively, demonstrating the better surface textural properties compared to the commercial activated carbons. Due to the high surface area, large pore volume, and well developed hierarchical micro- and mesoporosity, the optimal sample achieved a high specific capacitance of 292.2 F·g−1 at 5 mV·s−1 and 261.3 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 followed by outstanding high rate capability. The electrode sustained 71.6% capacity retention at a high current density of 20 A·g−1. Furthermore, the electrode displayed exceptional cycling stability with small capacitance loss (0.6%) even after 10,000 charging–discharging cycles, suggesting that Jackfruit seed would have potential in low-cost and scalable production of nanoporous carbon materials for supercapacitors applications.
A State of the Art of the Multilevel Inverters with Reduced Count Components

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have become a trend in the field of DC/AC inverters and one of the main requirements in many of the industrial applications. MLIs spread in the academic research field and replaced the conventional inverters due to the several advantages that these topologies presented over the conventional inverters, as follows. (1) Operate with a high number of steps in the output voltage waveform, which helps in reducing the level of harmonics and presents fine and clear waveforms; furthermore, reduce the voltage stress on the switching devices and gives it a long lifetime and more reliability. (2) MLIs have a low rating of the switching devices, which has a noticeable role in reducing the system cost. (3) MLIs can be operated at both higher and lower switching frequencies, which reduces the level of power losses and enhances the overall efficiency. The main problem that faces the researchers in the multilevel inverters field is to design a topology that uses the optimum number of components to ensure the low cost and obtain a high efficiency. This paper presents a description of different topologies of MLIs that were investigated in the last two decades to show the pros and cons of each topology. Also a set of performance parameters that were used to measure the effectiveness of the MLI topologies have been discussed.
Exploring the Development of Primary School Students' Computational Thinking and 21st Century Skills Through Scaffolding: Voices from the Stakeholders

Computational thinking (CT) has become a skill that is taught starting from an early age with its increasing popularity. In addition, the opinion that CT is related to other 21st century skills finds its place in the literature. The main purpose of this study is to identify the contributions of scaffolding-based game programming activities to students' CT and 21st-century skills. In line with this purpose, the study was designed as a qualitative case study. The participants of the study consisted of 16 primary school students, 10 pre-service ICT Teachers, and 2 primary school teachers. The research results reveal that game programming has a positive effect on students' CT skills, 21st century skills and some psychometric variables like self-confidence and motivation. In future studies and implementations, educators may support their instructions of programming through different scaffolding strategies. In addition, it should be taken into consideration that students can become innovative designers with content that they find interesting.
A First Course in Random Matrix Theory

The real world is perceived and broken down as data, models and algorithms in the eyes of physicists and engineers. Data is noisy by nature and classical statistical tools have so far been successful in dealing with relatively smaller levels of randomness. The recent emergence of Big Data and the required computing power to analyze them have rendered classical tools outdated and insufficient. Tools such as random matrix theory and the study of large sample covariance matrices can efficiently process these big datasets and help make sense of modern, deep learning algorithms. Presenting an introductory calculus course for random matrices, the book focuses on modern concepts in matrix theory, generalizing the standard concept of probabilistic independence to non-commuting random variables. Concretely worked out examples and applications to financial engineering and portfolio construction make this unique book an essential tool for physicists, engineers, data analysts and economists.