Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of active aluminum content on the detonation performance of aluminized explosives

ABSTRACT For aluminized explosives, it is important to investigate the effect of the active aluminum content on their detonation performance. Ten formulations of plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) containing aluminum/ammonium perchlorate/1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (Al/AP/RDX) are prepared where their active aluminum contents are in the range 59–99%. Measurements of detonation velocity for these formulations are done by a 430 g cylindrical charge. It is shown that there is a strong linear relationship between the measured detonation velocities and active Al contents in different samples. The measured detonation velocities of the formulations with a higher content of active Al are greater than the other compositions. Thus, it can be expected that the contribution of Al in the reaction zone is higher for the formulations with a higher content of active Al. The results of this work show that the coating of the surface of submicron-sized Al reduces the oxidation rate and increases their service life.
Co-resourcing and actors’ practices as catalysts for agricultural innovation

ABSTRACT Purpose In this work, we aim to shed light on how co-resourcing and actors’ practices impact the agricultural innovation process. Design/Methodology/Approach In a first step, we conceptualized agricultural innovation as the process during which actors exchange solutions that enable innovation to emerge. To provide these solutions, actors integrate operand and operant resources while simultaneously changing the context within which the innovation process takes place through their practices. By using three case studies, we present how co-resourcing and actors’ practices catalyze agricultural innovation. Findings Actors participate in solution networks having different aims. After setting forth value propositions, they engage in co-resourcing processes, using a wide array of practices (even ‘dark’ ones) to extract value from the innovation. Practical Implications This study suggests the need for both research and policy to pay close attention to the process of co-resourcing and the practices used by actors involved in agricultural innovation networks. Theoretical Implications The present work reveals that actors who have access to or own key resources take dominant positions in innovation networks, thus having the potential to form institutions in a way that serves their individual interests. Originality/value This study uncovers that actors’ practices during co-resourcing catalyze the agricultural innovation process.
Challenges in regulating interfacial‐chemistry of the sodium‐metal anode for room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries

Post‐Li ion battery technologies are gaining importance due to their high theoretical energy density and high specific capacity of the electrode materials. Due to fundamental limitations, the existing Li‐ion batteries cannot fulfill rigorous requirements, like cost‐effectiveness and high storage capacities. Room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur battery (RT‐Na/S), in particular, is an emerging candidate with the high theoretical specific capacity of sodium (~1166 mAh/g) and sulfur (~1675 mAh/g) and naturally high abundance of both the electrode materials. Sodium metal, combined with sulfur, is a cheap and energy‐dense option to the existing battery technologies. In recent years, this has garnered much interest in the scientific community due to a wide range of possibilities for altering battery performance. With the invention of the high‐temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries, Na metal‐based chemistries remain in oblivion. However, due to increasing concerns over the safety of high‐temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries, Na metal anode is revived in recent years with the ever‐growing demands for high energy density and improved safety. Despite that current Na metal anode still lacks high‐reversibility, efficiency, and room‐temperature stability due to limited or no control over the interfacial chemistry of the Na metal anode. The electrochemical reduction of Na+ ions is accompanied by the inevitable reduction of organic species, which leads to the growth of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) with Na‐deposits. The SEI is inherently unstable due to the localized fluctuations in its chemical and physical properties. A deep understanding of challenges associated with the SEI's localized interfacial chemistry is of prime importance toward developing practical Na metal anodes for RT‐Na/S batteries. This minireview highlights critical challenges in developing a stable Na metal anode and further sheds light on its mechanistic aspects. In addition to that, novel approaches to precisely tune the interphase's physicochemical properties are highlighted to pave path for developing a stable and long‐life Na‐metal anode for RT‐Na/S batteries.
The Gut Microbiota of Naturally Occurring and Laboratory Aquaculture Lytechinus variegatus Revealed Differences in the Community Composition, Taxonomic Co-Occurrence, and Predicted Functional Attributes

Sea urchins, in many instances, are collected from the wild, maintained in the laboratory aquaculture environment, and used as model animals for various scientific investigations. It has been increasingly evident that diet-driven dysbiosis of the gut microbiome could affect animal health and physiology, thereby impacting the outcome of the scientific studies. In this study, we compared the gut microbiome between naturally occurring (ENV) and formulated diet-fed laboratory aquaculture (LAB) sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus by amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and bioinformatics tools. Overall, the ENV gut digesta had higher taxa richness with an abundance of Propionigenium, Photobacterium, Roseimarinus, and Flavobacteriales. In contrast, the LAB group revealed fewer taxa richness, but noticeable abundances of Arcobacter, Agarivorans, and Shewanella. However, Campylobacteraceae, primarily represented by Arcobacter spp. , was commonly associated with the gut tissues of both ENV and LAB groups whereas the gut digesta had taxa from Gammaproteobacteria, particularly Vibrio spp. Similarly, the co-occurrence network displayed taxonomic organizations interconnected by Arcobacter and Vibrio as being the key taxa in gut tissues and gut digesta, respectively. Predicted functional analysis of the gut tissues microbiota of both ENV and LAB groups showed a higher trend in energy-related metabolisms, whereas amino acids, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolisms heightened in the gut digesta. This study provides an outlook of the laboratory-formulated diet-fed aquaculture L. variegatus gut microbiome and predicted metabolic profile as compared to the naturally occurring animals, which should be taken into consideration for consistency, reproducibility, and translatability of scientific studies.
Investigation on the Effect of Femtosecond Laser Induced Spin Transfer Torque of GdFeCo Alloy

All-optical magnetic switching (AOS) provides a novel approach to improve writing ability and energy efficiency compared to those utilized in the mainstream magnetic data storage products. Rare earth-transition metals (RE-TM) exhibit extremely fast magnetization switching induced by one single incident linearly polarized laser pulse; however, the mechanism is still ambiguous. Here, we show by atomistic spin simulation that the laser induced spin transfer torque dominates the magnetization reversal of Fe sublattice in Gd25Fe75 alloy, and that the switching speed of Gd25Fe75 alloy is relevant to the amount of spin current. This implies that a possible helicity independent mechanism underlies the RE-TM alloy AOS process. We also find that the greater the spin current density the faster the magnetization switching, and the time magnetization reversal of Gd and Fe takes is also affected by the spin current density.
A facile approach to fabricate few-layer chemically modified and reduced graphene oxide sheets: Combination of stitching, reduction and functionaliztion

ABSTRACT A facile strategy for the preparation of few-layer chemically stitched and reduced graphene oxide (FL-CMRG) in water using various linear diaminoalkanes with the general formula H2N(CH2)nNH2 (n = 4, 6, 8) is proposed, and the resulting FL-CMRG was characterized by means of AFM, TEM, XPS, UV-vis, TGA and XRD. Interlayer spacing between bridged FL-CMRG sheets can reach 1.038 nm when the size of the intercalant to (n = 6) H2N (CH2)6 NH2. A mechanism for forming the FL-CMRG via removal of epoxide and hydroxyl groups from GO and stitching of the GO sheets by various linear diaminoalkanes in water solution has been proposed.
Nozzle Thermal Estimation for Fused Filament Fabricating 3D Printer Using Temporal Convolutional Neural Networks

A preventive maintenance embedded for the fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing technique is proposed. A monitoring and control integrated system is developed to reduce the risk of having thermal degradation on the fabricated products and prevent printing failure; nozzle clogging. As for the monitoring program, the proposed temporal neural network with a two-stage sliding window strategy (TCN-TS-SW) is utilized to accurately provide the predicted thermal values of the nozzle tip. These estimated thermal values are utilized to be the stimulus of the control system that performs countermeasures to prevent the anomaly that is bound to happen. The performance of the proposed TCN-TS-SW is presented in three case studies. The first scenario is when the proposed system outperforms the other existing machine learning algorithms namely multi-look back LSTM, GRU, LSTM, and the generic TCN architecture in terms of obtaining the highest training accuracy and lowest training loss. TCN-TS-SW also outperformed the mentioned algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy measured by the performance metrics like RMSE, MAE, and R2 scores. In the second case, the effect of varying the window length and the changing length of the forecasting horizon. This experiment reveals the optimized parameters for the network to produce an accurate nozzle thermal estimation.
Postoperative vomiting/nausea in Chinese patients undergoing bariatric surgery

Purpose: To assess the incidence of post-operative vomiting/nausea (PVN), as well as usage and effectiveness of PVN prophylaxis in Chinese patients receiving bariatric surgery. Methods: This prospective observational study included 82 patients subjected to bariatric surgery using total intravenous (IV) anesthesia. Patients were given PVN prophylactic treatment as per the local practice depending on Apfel et al criterion for simplified risk score useful for PVN prediction. Postsurgery, the patients were evaluated at 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h using a questionnaire. Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with PVN was carried conducted with Pearson’s Chi-squared test for category variables and Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test for a continuous variable. Results: About 69 % of the patients developed PVN within 24 h post-surgery, and the risk increased with increase in the number of PVN risk factors. Significant contrasts were seen with respect to PVN, with higher occurrence in females (81.36 %), when compared to males (39.13 %) within the first 24 h (p < 0.05). Two patients got sub-optimum PVN prophylactic therapy as per guidelines, 19 patients had optimum therapy, while 61 patients had supra-optimum therapy. Moreover, 63.94 % of patients who obtained supra-optimum PVN prophylactic therapy experienced PVN within 24 h post-surgery, while 84.21 % of patients with optimum PVN prophylactic therapy experienced PVN within the same period (p < 0.05). Overall, 35.37 % of patients experienced serious nausea 24 h post-surgery. Conclusion: PVN incidence is high, notwithstanding the fact that almost all the patients received optimum or supra-optimum prophylactic therapy. These findings raise dubiety regarding the viability and significance of using risk-based PVN prophylactic therapy in patients under bariatric surgery. Thus, further research is needed in this regard.
Novel collagen/GO-MWNT hybrid fibers with improved strength and toughness by dry-jet wet spinning

ABSTRACT Considering the poor mechanical properties of regenerated collagen materials, the possibility of creating stronger and tougher collagen composite materials attracts particular research interests. In this study, we report that GO (Graphene oxide)-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) nanomaterials were constructed by using GO dispersed MWNT, and the strength and toughness of collagen fibers were significantly improved by introducing GO-MWNT nanomaterials into the collagen matrix during dry-jet wet spinning that exhibits the advantage of positive stretching to the extruded fiber before coagulation. We found that the combination of GO and MWNT can enhance the dispersion of both in the collagen matrix. Due to their strong interactions, they can not only spontaneously form the GO-MWNT network but also mutually induce collagen molecules to self-assemble and form aligned fibrils microstructure in dry-jet wet spinning process and resulting hybrid fibers. The interconnected networks of orderly aligned GO and MWNT can greatly enhance the interfacial interactions by forming hydrogen bonds with collagen molecules, resulting in the synergistic enhancement of the tensile strength, toughness and thermal stability of collagen hybrid fibers. This study provided asimple and environmentally friendly pathway to generate collagen-based fiber materials with improved performances and could be suitable for amyriad of biomedical applications. Graphical Abstract
More diverse, more politically varied: How social media, search engines and aggregators shape news repertoires in the United Kingdom

There is still much to learn about how the rise of new, ‘distributed’, forms of news access through search engines, social media and aggregators are shaping people’s news use. We analyse passive web tracking data from the United Kingdom to make a comparison between direct access (primarily determined by self-selection) and distributed access (determined by a combination of self-selection and algorithmic selection). We find that (1) people who use search engines, social media and aggregators for news have more diverse news repertoires. However, (2) social media, search engine and aggregator news use is also associated with repertoires where more partisan outlets feature more prominently. The findings add to the growing evidence challenging the existence of filter bubbles, and highlight alternative ways of characterizing people’s online news use.
Relationship of convection initiation and subsequent storm strength to ensemble simulated environmental conditions during IOP3b of VORTEX Southeast 2017

A fifty-member convection allowing ensemble was used to examine environmental factors influencing afternoon convection initiation (CI) and subsequent severe weather on 5 April 2017 during Intensive Observing Period (IOP) 3b of the Verification of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment in the Southeast (VORTEX-SE). This case produced several weak tornadoes (rated EF1 or less), and numerous reports of significant hail (diameter ≥ 2 inches), ahead of an eastward-moving surface cold front over eastern Alabama and southern Tennessee. Both observed and simulated CI was facilitated by mesoscale lower-tropospheric ascent maximized several tens of km ahead of the cold-frontal position, and the simulated mesoscale ascent was linked to surface frontogenesis in the ensemble mean. Simulated maximum 2-5-km AGL updraft helicity (UHmax) was used as a proxy for severe-weather producing mesocyclones, and considerable variability in UHmax occurred among the ensemble members. Ensemble members with UHmax > 100 m2 s-2 had stronger mesoscale ascent than in members with UHmax < 75 m2 s-2, which facilitated more timely CI by producing greater adiabatic cooling and moisture increases above the PBL. After CI, storms in the larger UHmax members moved northeastward toward a mesoscale region with larger convective available potential energy (CAPE) than in smaller UHmax members. The CAPE differences among members was influenced by differences in location of an antecedent mesoscale convective system, which had a thermodynamically stabilizing influence on the environment toward which storms were moving. Despite providing good overall guidance, the model ensemble overpredicted severe weather likelihoods in northeastern Alabama, where comparisons with VORTEX-SE soundings revealed a positive CAPE bias.
Avaliação toxicológica da 4-hidroxicumarina: (Anti) Mutagenicidade, estudos de toxicidade e antioxidantes

A 4-hidroxicumarina (4H) é um composto fenólico natural e sintético que apresenta atributos importantes, incluindo propriedades anti-HIV, antitumoral e anticoagulante. Considerando suas importantes atividades biológicas e a utilização da 4H, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as atividades tóxica, mutagênica, antimutagênica e antioxidante da 4H, obtido comercialmente, em experimentos in vivo e in vitro. Os efeitos da administração oral aguda na dose de 200 mg / kg de 4H foram investigados pela triagem hipocrática em animais. O ensaio de micronúcleo em sangue periférico e o teste de Ames foram utilizados para análise de mutagenicidade, enquanto a antimutagenicidade foi testada contra a ciclofosfamida também pelo ensaio de micronúcleo in vivo. Para todos os testes in vivo foram utilizados camundongos Swiss. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada pela capacidade da amostra 4H de sequestrar o radical estável 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). Os resultados mostraram que o 4H não induziu alterações no comportamento ou na histologia dos animais tratados nem na atividade mutagênica (gênica ou cromossômica). Por outro lado, exibiu efeito protetor contra ciclofosfamida e potencial antioxidante. A 4H é amplamente utilizada clinicamente como uma molécula precursora na síntese de fármacos anticoagulantes sintéticos. Portanto, os resultados obtidos são de extrema importância, pois demonstram ausência de potencial mutagênico e proteção contra danos cromossômicos.
Evidence for the extracellular delivery of influenza NS1 protein

We constructed a reporter influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 virus expressing truncated 124aa N-terminal NS1 protein fused to a luciferase reporter sequence (NanoLuc) without signal peptide. The reproduction activity of the vector correlated well with the luminescent activity in the lysates of infected cell cultures or mouse respiratory organ suspensions. Surprisingly, we found that luciferase enzymatic activity was present not only in the intracellular compartments but also in cell culture supernatants as well as in the sera or bronchiolar lavages of infected mice. This fact allowed us to formulate a working hypothesis about the extracellular delivery mechanism of the NS1 protein. To test this idea, we conducted co-transfection experiments in Vero cells with different combinations of plasmids encoding influenza genomic segments and chimeric NS1-NanoLuc encoding plasmid. We found that the emergence of the luciferase reporter in the extracellular compartment was promoted by the formation of the ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) from the co-transfection of plasmids expressing PB1, PB2, PA, and NP proteins. Therefore, influenza NS1 protein may be delivered to the extracellular compartment together with the nascent RNP complexes during the maturation of virus particles.
A comparison of monolingual and bilingual toddlers’ word recognition in noise

Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine whether differences in language exposure (i.e., being raised in a bilingual versus a monolingual environment) influence young children’s ability to comprehend words when speech is heard in the presence of background noise. Methodology: Forty-four children (22 monolinguals and 22 bilinguals) between the ages of 29 and 31 months completed a preferential looking task where they saw picture-pairs of familiar objects (e.g., balloon and apple) on a screen and simultaneously heard sentences instructing them to locate one of the objects (e.g., look at the apple! ). Speech was heard in quiet and in the presence of competing white noise. Data and analyses: Children’s eye-movements were coded off-line to identify the proportion of time they fixated on the correct object on the screen and performance across groups was compared using a 2 × 3 mixed analysis of variance. Findings: Bilingual toddlers performed worse than monolinguals during the task. This group difference in performance was particularly clear when the listening condition contained background noise. Originality: There are clear differences in how infants and adults process speech in noise. To date, developmental work on this topic has mainly been carried out with monolingual infants. This study is one of the first to examine how background noise might influence word identification in young bilingual children who are just starting to acquire their languages. Significance: High noise levels are often reported in daycares and classrooms where bilingual children are present. Therefore, this work has important implications for learning and education practices with young bilinguals.
Object Detection for Safe Working Environments using YOLOv4 Deep Learning Model

The health and safety of employees in workplaces maintains its importance since the concept of production emerged. Recent developments in computer vision and deep learning have made it widespread to be used in work environments as a secondary tool in ensuring occupational safety from surveillance videos. Thus, an important performance is achieved by minimizing human-induced errors in working environments. In this study, a method based on the YOLOv4 deep learning model is proposed to control the use of personal protective equipment from videos and to detect unsafe movements in the working environments of facilities operating in the field of industrial production. In the study, a dataset is created with videos collected from different working environments. In the study, later, on the prepared video dataset, the detection of personal protective equipment such as helmets, vests, masks, gloves, eyeglasses used by workers in factories operating in industrial areas and whether they use the appropriate equipment correctly is determined using the YOLOv4 framework. In the experimental studies conducted within the scope of the study, the mean average precision (mAP) value is achieved as 91.18% as a result of the training performed in the YOLOv4 network. In addition, results of 0.89, 0.91, 0.90, 70.35 and 1.1147 are obtained for other measurement metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score, intersection over union (IoU), and average loss, respectively. As a result, in the proposed study, instant inspection of the videos collected from the cameras installed in the factories, the meaning of the scene and the control of safe working environments are successfully achieved.