Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of superheated injection on liquid and gaseous flow field of an experimental single-hole gasoline direct injection injector

In modern gasoline direct injection engines, the fuel is (partially) superheated for a significant proportion of the time during operation. This means that the vapour pressure of the fuel, or at least of many of its components, is higher than the ambient pressure inside the engine during injection. If the excess fuel enthalpy cannot be removed by evaporation at the free surface of the spray, the liquid phase boiling creates new surfaces. This phenomenon is known as flash boiling. Flash-boiling atomization produces smaller droplets and can therefore be beneficial as an additional atomization mechanism. Furthermore, it can reduce the penetration depth of a spray, although it also decreases the stability of fuel sprays. This is manifested in undesired targeting changes, that is, spray contraction due to jet-to-jet interaction. In extreme cases, a complete spray collapse can occur, where a multi-hole or hollow-cone spray contracts towards the spray axis and forms a jet-like structure that increases penetration depth. To understand the relationship between flash-boiling atomization and targeting changes, flash boiling was investigated with a single-hole generic injector without jet-to-jet interaction. In addition to macroscopic spray parameters, this study also focused on the flow field of the spray itself measured using laser Doppler anemometry, as well as the spray-induced flow field of the surrounding gas phase measured using fluorescent particle image velocimetry. The results show a strong radial expansion of the jet directly after nozzle exit, caused by internal flash boiling. It is shown that this expansion is caused by a zone of expanding fuel vapour in the centre of the spray. As a result, the displacement of air after injector opening as well as at the front of the spray is significantly increased, causing a decrease in spray front velocity and penetration depth. The stationary air entrainment, however, is only moderately increased as is the total amount of captured air, since the fuel vapour displaces air in the spray.
Review of Existing Decision Making Processes and Decision Support Tools in Environmental Watering Summary Document

This is a summary of the review that was undertaken to inform the planning phase of the Murray-Darling Basin Environmental Watering Knowledge and Research (MDB EWKR) project.The purpose of the MDB EWKR project is to provide the best science information available to support the evolving needs of environmental water managers within the framework of adaptive water management use in the Murray-Darling Basin.
Powder X-ray structural studies and reference diffraction patterns for three forms of porous aluminum terephthalate, MIL-53(A1)

Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for three forms of MIL-53(Al), a metal organic framework (MOF) compound with breathing characteristics, were investigated using the Rietveld refinement method. These three samples are referred to as the MIL-53(Al)as-syn (the as synthesized sample), orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 17.064(2) Å, b = 6.6069(9) Å, c = 12.1636(13) Å, V = 1371.3(2) Å3, Z = 4), MIL-53(Al)LT-H (low-temperature hydrated phase, monoclinic P21/c, a = 19.4993(8) Å, b = 15.2347(6) Å, c = 6.5687(3) Å, β = 104.219(4) °, V = 1891.55(10) Å3, Z = 8), and MIL-53(Al)HT-D (high-temperature dehydrated phase, Imma, a = 6.6324(5) Å, b = 16.736(2) Å, c = 12.840(2), V = 1425.2(2) Å3, Z = 4). The crystal structures of the “as-syn” sample and the HT-D sample are confirmed to be the commonly adopted ones. However, the structure of the MIL-53(Al)LT-H phase is confirmed to be monoclinic with a space group of P21/c instead of the commonly accepted space group Cc, resulting in a cell volume double in size. The structure has two slightly different types of channel. The pore volumes and pore surface area were estimated to be 0.11766 (8) cm3/g and 1461.3(10) m2/g for MIL-53(Al)HT-D (high-temperature dehydrated phase), and 0.08628 (5) cm3/g and 1401.6 (10) m2/g for MIL-53(Al)as-syn phases, respectively. The powder patterns for the MIL-53(Al)as-syn and MIL-53(Al)HT-D phases are reported in this paper.
Hyperparameter Optimization on Neural Machine Translation

With the growth of deep learning in the recent years, there have been several models created to tackle diﬀerent real world goals, autonomously. One such goal is the automatic translation of text from one language to another. This is commonly known as Neural Machine Translation (NMT). NMT has proved to be a signiﬁcant challenge to achieve, given the ﬂuidity of human language. Most NMT models rely on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and deep Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs). In this study, we will explore the Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks Model (Sutskever et al. (5)) and perform an ablation study of the model on two diﬀerent data sets - the English-Vietnamese parallel corpus by the IWSLT Evaluation Campaign, and the German-English parallel corpus obtained from the WMT Evaluation Campaign.
The influence of behavior modeling and experience on the acquisition of computer skills

The influence of behavior modeling techniques and participant's previous experience were examined in this study. Participants were 64 men and women. A behavior modeling approach yielded higher performance on a post-performance test. Previous computer experience affected performance outcomes. Self-efficacy was predicted to be higher for participants in the behavior modeling session when compared to the tutorial sessions, but no support was found for this hypothesis.
Cross-Border Financial Surveillance

Effective cross-border financial surveillance requires the monitoring of direct and indirect systemic linkages. This paper illustrates how network analysis could make a significant contribution in this regard by simulating different credit and funding shocks to the banking systems of a number of selected countries. After that, we show that the inclusion of risk transfers could modify the risk profile of entire financial systems, and thus an enriched simulation algorithm able to account for risk transfers is proposed. Finally, we discuss how some of the limitations of our simulations are a reflection of existing information and data gaps, and thus view these shortcomings as a call to improve the collection and analysis of data on cross-border financial exposures.
Thermal-aware Real-time Scheduling Using Timed Continuous Petri Nets

We present a thermal-aware, hard real-time (HRT) global scheduler for a multiprocessor system designed upon three novel techinques. First, we present a modeling methodology based on Timed Continuous Petri nets (TCPN) that yields a complete state variable model, including job arrivals, CPU usage, power, and thermal behavior. The model is accurate and avoids the calibration stage of RC thermal models. Second, based on this model, a linear programming problem (LPP) determines the existence of a feasible HRT thermal-aware schedule. Last, a sliding-mode controller and an online discretization algorithm implement the global HRT scheduler, which is capable of managing thermal constraints, context switching, migrations, and disturbances.
Towards lowering the overhead of Open-Channel SSD

The revolutionary change that Solid State Disks (SSDs) have introduced to the storage space industry has added many new challenges for data-driven application developers when developing execution planners. Traditionally the application, operating system, and storage controller have all separately handled the storage access pattern optimization and scheduling. Despite successful use for decades, due to the predictable behavior of the spinning disks, finding similar guidelines for optimizing access to SSDs has proven much harder. The problem is in part due to their increased performance but mostly due to their unpredictable behavior and black box nature. The key to addressing this issue is to open up the black-box, exposing the internal complexity of maintaining a healthy SSD, such that the schedulers can take the actual cost of all operations into account in their planning. The first contribution of this thesis is a user-space library called LightNVM-Direct that uses the Open-Channel SSD protocol to expose the internals of a compliant SSD device. The direct communication allows LightNVM-Direct to bypass the kernel entirely and eliminate all of its overhead. This bypass leaves the optimization and scheduling solely in the hands of the developer of the data-driven user-space application. We used the uFLIP-OC benchmark to evaluate LightNVM-Direct using an SSD device called Dragon Fire Card. The results were inconclusive, however, as little gain was observed in overall throughput despite the lower kernel overhead. The second contribution is a proposal of a new protocol we called RNVMe, that adds near-data processing capabilities by allowing part of the application to run on the SSD in the form of Remote Procedure Calls (RPC). This RPC mechanism would enable applications to run simple functions, such as filters and data pre-processing, before delivering the final result to the host computer. Umstangs lágmörkun á Open-Channel SSD Freysteinn Alfreðsson
Universal Design to Limit Food Cross-Contamination: Incased Set of Kitchen Utensils with Five Color-Coded Food Chopping Boards and Knifes

This-study is focused on a-conceptual-design of a-kitchen-appliances/utensils-set, comprising of five-color-coded food-chopping-boards and five-matching-color-coded-knifes, to-reduce cross-contamination at private-homes, as-well-as at food-establishments. Selected-relevant-Patents, as-well-as products, available locally and internationally, were analyzed. The-Joseph-Joseph Index™ Color-Coded Chopping-Boards set (of four), was chosen as a-point of reference for the-current-design; its-seven-identified-limitations have-directed the-scope of the-current-design. Target-specifications/objectives, of the-set, were formulated from the-document-analysis, while Pair-wise-Comparison-Charts were-used, to-rank the-importance of the-objectives, in the-different-levels. The-best-ranked-design (out of the-four-alternatives made) was chosen, via standard Engineering-Design Weighted-Decision-Matrix (EDWDM) and ‘ Drop and Re-vote’ (DR and, hence, it-is further-recommends to: (i) carry-out a-detailed-design; (ii) select a-specific-material (out of the-group, identified by this-study); (iii) choose a-mode of fabrication of the-set; (iv) examine the-possibility of incorporating of anti-microbial-agent(s) and/or coating(s); (v) fabricate the-prototype(s); (vi) conduct explorative-use-ability-trials; and (vii) analyze the-marketing-aspect of the-final-set. This-work is potentially-beneficial-to engineering- product -design students and faculty, as-well-as to-households and food-establishments (subject-to successful-implementation). Keywords: Color blindness; Materials selection; Food safety; Joseph Joseph Index™ Color Coded Chopping Boards set. DOI : 10.7176/ISDE/10-5-05 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
Challenges for the Future of Educational Data Mining: The Baker Learning Analytics Prizes

Learning analytics and educational data mining have come a long way in a short time. In this article, a lightlyedited transcript of a keynote talk at the Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference in 2019, I present a vision for some directions I believe the field should go: towards greater interpretability, generalizability, transferability, applicability, and with clearer evidence for effectiveness. I pose these potential directions as a set of six contests, with concrete criteria for what would represent successful progress in each of these areas: the Baker Learning Analytics Prizes (BLAP). Solving these challenges will bring the field closer to achieving its full potential of using data to benefit learners and transform education for the better.
Modelo de Naciones Unidas: una herramienta constructivista

En el presente documento se presenta la investigación realizada sobre el caso de estudio del Modelo de Naciones Unidas (MUN) en un grupo de estudiantes de la Maestría en Educación: Campo Educación ambiental (MECEA). Esta investigación presenta relevancia para el campo de estudio de la educación, específicamente desde un enfoque constructivista, ya que se analiza la pertinencia de los MUNs como herramienta pedagógica para fomentar conocimientos y capacidades en los educandos. La investigación realizada ha sido conducida enteramente con un enfoque cualitativo de caso de estudio con un método etnográfico, incluyendo instrumentos como la observación participativa, entrevistas semi-estructuradas y diario de campo. Las principales conclusiones a las que se llegaron son que en el caso de estudio los MUNs han mostrado ser una herramienta pedagógica útil para fomentar y poner en práctica conocimientos sobre temas ambientales, así como capacidades necesarios para un educador ambiental como la negociación, el hablar en público, el lenguaje formal y el debate. Aspectos del MUN como el juego de rol, la Zona de Desarrollo Próximo (ZDP) y las interacciones entre participantes dentro de un marco diplomático son cruciales para los resultados que fomentan en sus participantes.
The Landscape of Research on Skin Detectors: Coherent Taxonomy, Open Challenges, Motivations, Recommendations and Statistical Analysis, Future Directions

This paper review and analysis the literature on skin detector (SD), in order to establish the coherent taxonomy and figure out the gap on this pivotal research area. An extensive search is conducted to identify articles that deal with skin detection, skin segmentation, skin tone detector, and skin recognition issues, related techniques are reviewed comprehensively and a coherent taxonomy of these articles is established. ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science databases are checked for articles on skin detector. A total of 2803 papers are collected from 2007 to February 2018. The set comprised 173 articles. The largest portion of the papers <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(n = 158/173) = 91$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% belong to Development and Design, that is aimed to develop an approach for skin classifier into skin and non-skin. A sum total of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(n = 5/173)= 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% of the papers belong to Evaluation and Framework, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(n=10/173)= 6$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% papers was categorized as Comparative Study. This paper discusses the open challenges, motivations and recommendations of the related works. Furthermore, state-of-the-art is a step to demonstrate the novelty of the presented study by conducted a statistical analysis for previous studies such as (Dataset, Color spaces, features, image type, and Classification techniques) as a future direction for other researchers who are interested in SD.
An efficient vision based elderly care monitoring framework using fall detection

Abstract Fall is one of the major reason of elderly people living alone for getting injured. Numerous elderly individuals are living alone in their homes. In case if the elderly tumble down, it might be troublesome for them to ask for help. Due to this problem there is a dire requirement of an efficient home monitoring framework. An effective fall detection system can help provide rapid help to the patient and improve the chances of survival of the patient. The principle goal of this paper is to design a vision-based fall detection framework for the elderly people. Fall identification framework at home is progressively vital and dependable observation framework is a need to mitigate the outcomes of fall. In this paper, we look forward to detecting a fall and normal walking of an individual using background subtraction, Motion History Image, feature extractor like Zernike Moments and then using a learning model. The proposed framework is able to detect fall and normal walking with an accuracy of 92.86% and 90.82%.
Adubação mineral, orgânica e organomineral na cultura do rabanete

O rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.) e uma hortalica da familia das Brassicaceaes, originaria da regiao mediterrânea e sua importância economica e citada a mais de 4.000 anos. A adubacao organomineral e uma vantagens pois ela concilia os beneficios das adubacoes mineral e orgânica, compensando suas limitacoes. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetacao na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitario de Rondonopolis – MT, realizado nos meses de Maio e Junho de 2018. O experimento teve como objetivo determinar a melhor fonte de adubacao e a melhor saturacao por bases para cultura do rabanete, foi composto por oito tratamentos e quatro repeticoes, totalizando 32 unidades experimentais, os tratamentos foram: T1- V%= 50%, sem adubacao; T2- V%= 80%, sem adubacao; T3- V%= 50%, mineral; T4- V%= 80%, mineral; T5- V%=50%, cinza vegetal; T6- V%= 80%, cinza vegetal; T7- V%= 50%, organomineral (50% mineral + 50% cinza vegetal); T8- V%= 80%, organomineral (50% mineral + 50% cinza vegetal). Foram avaliadas as variaveis: altura de plantas, diâmetro do colmo, numero de folhas, diâmetro dos tuberculos, comprimento dos tuberculos, volume dos tuberculos, volume das raizes, area foliar, massa fresca e seca das folhas, raizes e dos tuberculos, consumo de agua e eficiencia do uso da agua. Apenas a variavel numero de folhas nao foi significativa, todas as demais variaram entre as demais e os principais efeitos foram observados com a adubacao mineral e organomineral. O melhor desenvolvimento da cultura ocorreu na saturacao por bases a 80% com adubacao mineral ou organomineral.
Speech Synthesis and Recognition Based on Mobile Computing Application

The main objective of this chapter is to present a solution to the development of speech synthesis and speech recognition systems through mobile computing application. A system model that captures the audio data from a mobile device for further recognition is presented. This way, the mobile device is capable of receiving a word in plain text format and synthesizing it. These two processes are executed over a voice recognition and synthesis server, such as a typical client-server model. A simple mobile application example for learning and practicing the English language is used as a test environment.
An integrated framework for CCTV infrastructures deployment in KSA: towards an automated surveillance

The process of implementation and installation of CCTV has been a sensitive issue across the world, leading to significant political, economic, social and legal implications. Saudi Arabia, like most countries of the world, has been engaged in the deployment of CCTV surveillance systems for many years now. However, the recent developments, as regards stepping up security against possible terror attacks, has led the decision-makers to begin considering the deployment of a significantly large number of cameras in most sensitive public places across the country. The Saudi laws are based on the Sharia Law which clearly states that no picture/video of any Muslim women or men should be taken without their full consent. In the light of this law, the case for extensive networks of CCTV surveillance has proven to be extremely challenging for the decision-makers in the country. Accordingly, two questions have emerged: 1) how to measure the extent of the cultural and traditional values on the deployment of CCTV systems within the Kingdom? 2) How to develop a framework for effective deployment of CCTV systems in KSA? In the light of these questions, the research has, in addition to the examination of the literature, used three case studies and applied a questionnaire and a number of interviews. The application of statistical techniques revealed several useful findings. The potential safety of CCTV, from respondents point of view, turned out to be highly satisfactory, but a large majority of participants were concerned about two issues: privacy invasion, and controllers’ misuse/ abuse of CCTV recordings. The concern about CCTV seems to outweigh the benefits. The study therefore recommends that a nationwide set of regulatory measures need to be developed to incorporate, among many issues, the training programmes for all the control rooms staff, particularly those in charge of public places. Finally, as a potential application of CCTV, the study proposes an automated human detection system based on a Laplacian fitting concept based on human silhouette extraction. With this scheme, a robust human silhouette extraction can be maintained with little human intervention, saving significant amount of man efforts in video processing.
Toward a better understanding of viewers' perceptions of tag clouds: relative size judgment

This dissertation focuses on viewers' perception of the relative size of words presented in tag clouds. A tag cloud is a representation of the word content of a source document where the relative frequency, or importance, of the keywords (i.e., tags) is depicted by presenting the most important tag words in a cluster called a tag cloud and varying visual characteristics of the tag words such as color, saturation, location and size. Although previous research has found that relative size is a strong visual factor for communicating relative importance of tag words, it is still unclear how viewers perceive the relative size of the words in tag clouds and how perceived size is influenced by other tag cloud characteristics. This dissertation looks at how viewers estimate the relative size of words given different characteristics such as decorations like (e.g., filled areas, boxes, and shadows), appearance of the words (e.g., varying the amount of narrow or wide letters), the typeface style (e.g., bold typeface), and location in the tag cloud (e.g., upper left vs. upper right quadrants). Significant under- and over-perception of the relative size of tag words were observed, primarily varying with the size of the target tag word. Word appearance had a modest effect on size misperception, while typeface style and location had a smaller effect. The results provide insight regarding the influence of surrounding tags on the perception of relative size of a tag word, as well as guidance to tag cloud designers regarding the influence of other presentation characteristics on perceived relative size.
Source broadcasting with unknown amount of receiver side information

The Slepian-Wolf scheme for source coding with side information at the receiver, assures that the sender can send the source X at a rate of only the conditional entropy H(X|Y-) bits per source symbol, which is the minimal possible rate even if the sender knew the side information Y. However, the Slepian-Wolf result requires knowledge of the optimal required rate. In this paper we consider a situation where this rate is not known, possibly since the source is broadcasted to many heterogeneous receivers. The approach is based on recent results regarding sending a common information over a broadcast channel.
Simulation of Diamond Surface Chemistry: Reactivity and Properties

The diamond material possesses very attractive properties, such as superior electronic properties (when doped), in addition to a controllable surface termination. During the process of diamond synthesis, the resulting chemical properties will depend not only on the adsorbed species but also on the type of substitutional doping element. The combination of adsorbate and dopant will thus have the ability to influence both the chemical and electronic properties of a diamond surface. All resulting (and interesting) properties of doped and terminated diamond surfaces make it clear that these types of material modifications are very important for a variety of applications that are based on photoactivated chemical processes. Theoretical modeling has been shown to act as an important scientific tool in explaining and predicting experimental results. Simulation of the dependence of, e.g. surface termination and doping on diamond material properties, is expected to give important information about various surface electronic properties (like photo-induced surface electrochemistry).