Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
clopidogrel pretreatment and its effect on preprocedural patency , bleeding complications , stent thrombosis , and 30-day and 1-year reinfarction and mortality in a regional STEMI network . Methods

Background Pretreatment with clopidogrel reduces ischemic complications before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Limited data exist regarding the effect of pretreatment for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary PCI. Methods Prospective data were analyzed from a regional STEMI system using rapid transfer for primary PCI in 30 community hospitals. Zone 1 community hospitals are b60 miles and Zone 2 hospitals are 60 to 210 miles away from the PCI hospital. Compared with 63 minutes in the PCI hospital, median door-to-balloon times were 94 minutes in Zone 1 and 123 minutes in Zone 2 hospitals. All patients received aspirin, unfractionated heparin, and clopidogrel 600 mg in the emergency department of the presenting hospital within 15 minutes of diagnosis. Results From April 2003 through December 2008, 2,014 consecutive STEMI patients were pretreated with clopidogrel before PCI, with a median (25th-75th percentile) duration from pretreatment to PCI of 75 (58-93) minutes. Patients with longer pretreatment duration had significantly reduced reinfarction/reischemia at 30 days (Zone 1: 0.85%, Zone 2: 0.9%) compared with nontransferred patients (3.2%, P = .001) as well as reduced stent thrombosis (Zone 1: 0.6%, Zone 2: 0.6% vs Abbott Northwestern: 2.0%; P = .04). Similarly, pretreatment duration of >60 minutes before PCI had reduced 30-day reinfarction/ reischemia (1.0% vs 2.9%, P = .003). There were no significant differences in mortality or major bleeding. Conclusion ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary PCI in a regional STEMI network who received earlier pretreatment with a 600-mg loading dose of clopidogrel had less ischemic complications without increased bleeding or mortality. (Am Heart J 2010;160:202-7.)
Climatic change and potential agricultural productivity in China

The general warming of the earth’s atmosphere during recent decades has been established with a fair degree of accuracy (IPCC 2001). On regional scales climatic variations however exhibit both positive and negative trends. In particular, trends of precipitation or evapotranspiration show a variety of complex regional patterns. The effect of changing climatic patterns on terrestrial ecosystems and particularly on agricultural food production cannot be deduced directly from these observed climatic trend values as plant response to climate depends on the interactions of climatic and edaphic factors. Crop production in China has received considerable attention as any climate-induced variations of the natural environment may have severe impacts on the food production of one of the largest population centres of the world (HARRIS 1996). Rice as the staple crop of East Asia is a particularly water-consuming plant and production could be severely disrupted if a timely water supply cannot be guaranteed. Wheat production in Northeast China is already severely hampered by a lack of precipitation and irrigation water (KHARIN et al. 1999; SMIL 1993). In addition, changing consumer preferences in China have led to an increased demand for fodder grains (REID 1998), adding further pressure on agricultural production. A. Thomas: Climatic change and potential agricultural productivity in China 157
Theorizing Research Practices We Forgot to Theorize Twenty Years Ago

Quantitative methods have been central to the humanities since scholars began relying on full-text search to map archives. But the intellectual implications of search technology are rendered opaque by humanists’ habit of considering algorithms as arbitrary tools. To reflect more philosophically, and creatively, on the hermeneutic options available to us, humanists may need to converse with disciplines that understand algorithms as principled epistemological theories. We need computer science, in other words, not as a source of tools but as a theoretical interlocutor.
Chapter 2 Excitotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Acute Stroke

Excitotoxicity, defined as cell death resulting from the toxic actions of excitatory amino acids, is actually considered as a major factor contributing to the early stage of ischemic cell death in stroke. In stroke, once vessel occlusion is produced, the disruptions to the blood flow in the affected areas decrease the delivery of oxygen and metabolic substrates to neurons. Consequently, the lack of oxygen interrupts oxidative phosphorylation by the mitochondria and drastically reduces cellular ATP production, which results in a rapid decline in cellular ATP. After several minutes, inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase function causes a profound loss of ionic gradients and depolarization of regulated neurons, which leads to excessive release of excitatory amino acids—particularly glutamate—to the extracellular compartment. The presence of excessive amounts of glutamate into the synapses and extrasynaptic sites can lead eventually to neuronal death. Excitotoxicity leads to a number of deleterious consequences, including impairment of cellular calcium homeostasis, generation of free radicals and oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and activation of several transcription factors and their genes expression. All these mechanisms’ acting synergy can cause neuron death by apoptosis. Oxidative stress induced by excitotoxicity is considered to be the main event leading to brain damage after stroke. On the basis of experimental models, there is ample evidence of the role of oxidative stress in ischemic brain damage.
International output convergence: evidence from an autocorrelation function approach†

This paper uses an autocorrelation function (ACF) approach to develop a new testing procedure for international output convergence. We define convergence in terms of sample ACFs of detrended output per capita, and construct an inference set-up based on resampling and subsampling techniques for dependent data. Using per capita GDP for 15 OECD countries observed over a century, we find that the hypothesis of conditional convergence is unsupported; that, the USA apart, the linearized neoclassical growth model fails to replicate the transitional dynamics of OECD economies; and that these economies do not behave like a club. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infant feeding and sleep patterns can be affected by a stay in the neonatal intensive care environment following cardiac surgery

Aims and objectives. To investigate infant well-being as measured by feeding and sleeping and parental support following discharge from the NICU in infants following major cardiac surgery. Background. Infant feeding and sleeping have been identified as two of the most important concerns reported by parents. These concerns have been reported anecdotally for infants who have undergone cardiac surgery in the neonatal period. Design. A prospective study using questionnaires and phone interviews followed a cohort of parents of neonates who underwent surgery in the neonatal period for congenital heart disease. Methods. The study was conducted using validated questionnaires and phone interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered prior to discharge from the NICU and interviews took place following discharge on five occasions within nine months. Results. Fifty six infants and mothers were followed for nine months following discharge from NICU. Sixty-eight per cent were breastfeeding on discharge however the rates decline over time in line with healthy infants. Mothers were not bothered by their infant’s sleep patterns which were consistent with those of healthy infants at six months. There were 37 episodes of rehospitalisation and the average time of further surgery was five months following discharge from their initial period of hospitalisation. Conclusion. The issues from this pilot study warrant further investigation. Factors such as multiple hospitalisations, parent education and support may vary within contexts and need to be studied to ensure optimal supports are identified for this high risk population. Relevance to clinical practice. This study identified several issues that can improve care provided to these infants and their parents. Support following discharge could include: lactation consultant to provide follow-up calls to identify concerns with breastfeeding, lactation course for paediatric nurses providing follow-up and education for Early Childhood Clinics on Congenital Heart Disease.
Landscape permeability for grizzly bear movements in Washington and southwestern British Columbia

Abstract Providing opportunities for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) to move between blocks of habitat is important for the long-term conservation of grizzly bear populations. While the particulars of grizzly bear habitat selection during long-distance movements are poorly understood, some landscape characteristics such as road density and land cover type are correlated with grizzly bear habitat use at various scales. We compiled digital maps of roads, human population density, land cover class, and topography to evaluate the resistance of the year 2001 landscape to grizzly bear movement in Washington State and adjacent portions of Idaho and British Columbia (BC). We developed habitat association and dispersal habitat suitability models based on published literature and used geographic information system (GIS) weighted-distance and least-cost analysis techniques to evaluate landscape permeability for grizzly bear movement. Our analysis identified 5 blocks of potential grizzly bear habitat in Washington and adjacent areas, including the Columbia–Selkirk Mountains, the North Cascades, the Central Cascades, the South Cascades, and the Coast Range. We evaluated landscape permeability between these habitat blocks and highlighted potential linkage areas. Our models indicated the Stevens Pass fracture zone between the North and Central Cascades blocks was the most permeable, followed (in order of relative permeability) by the Fraser–Coquihalla fracture zone between the North Cascades and the Coast Range, the Okanogan–Kettle fracture zone between the North Cascades and the Columbia Mountains, and the Snoqualmie Pass fracture zone between the Central and South Cascades. This evaluation provides a consistent measure of the expected potential for grizzly movement across a broad landscape that can be used to target areas for finer-scale evaluation and help identify landscape management priorities at a regional scale.
NOVEL APPROACHES FOR SYSTEMS MODELING : PART 2 3 Dmodelling of small object based on the projector-camera system

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to resolve the problem of 3D modelling of small objects lacking or without real texture, using an automatic, practical, convenient and effective method. Design/methodology/approach – For each space feature point projected on the surface of the target small object, there are two corresponding 2D points existing. One is an image point in one of the image sequences from the digital camera; another is a point in the slide from the projector. Using the image processing method, the image point can be extracted out accurately so that its 2D coordinates are gained. At the same time, the slide point is designed first so that its 2D coordinates are calculated by the known data. The 3D coordinates of the space feature point can be computed by the space forward intersection. Findings – The projector-camera system is composed of a slide projector, a digital camera, a control ground, and a computer. The computer controls the other three pieces of equipment, working together automatically and efficiently. Research limitations/implications – According to the size of the grid, the target object is relatively small. The planar grid is functioned as the calibration of the slide projector and the digital camera. Practical implications – The paper presents a very effective approach for 3D reconstruction of small objects. Originality/value – According to the traditional method of the digital camera taking images, the projector is steered so that the projector-camera system is formed. After being calibrated, respectively, in advance, the projector-camera system is similar to the binocular vision system in the principle of 3D modelling.
Mice Overexpressing Amyloid Precursor Protein and Tau in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Transgenic β Changes in Amyloid -

for understanding events in human disease. and Tau in the CSF of AD patients. They also suggest the translational value of APP mouse models β changes in A deposition in the brain may be the driving force for β became prominent. Mechanistically, these results suggest that A deposition started and that CSF t-Tau increased when amyloid plaques in mouse brain β mouse CSF decreased as A 42 concentration in β pathology. They found that the A β models, with different ages of onset and progression of A peptides and total Tau in the CSF of two different APP transgenic mouse β then used these assays to measure A peptides and total Tau in mouse CSF. They β collecting mouse CSF and validated sensitive assays for detecting A optimized methods for et al. pathology, but CSF markers have not been investigated. To this end, Maia β model A of early, preclinical AD. Transgenic mice overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) have been used to (CSF) amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively, have shown promise as markers in cerebrospinal fluid ) peptide and Tau protein, the constituents of the pathological hallmarks of AD, β (A β clinical symptoms. Amyloideffective when given at a preclinical stage of disease before neurodegeneration has become severe enough to induce symptoms in both sporadic and familial forms of the disease. Thus, disease-modifying drugs will most likely be The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to start 10 to 20 years before the onset of the first clinical From Bedside Back to Bench
Low-Specific-Activity Molybdenum Tc-Pertechnetate from 99 mCross-Linked Polyethylene Glycol Beads to Separate

Published online: October 20, 2014. 2014;55:1910-1914. J Nucl Med. Thomas J. Ruth and Paul Schaffer François Bénard, Stefan K. Zeisler, Milan Vuckovic, Kuo-Shyan Lin, Zhengxing Zhang, Nadine Colpo, Xinchi Hou, Low-Specific-Activity Molybdenum Tc-Pertechnetate from 99m Cross-Linked Polyethylene Glycol Beads to Separate http://jnm.snmjournals. org/content/55/11/1910 This article and updated information are available at: http://jnm.snmjournals. org/site/subscriptions/online.xhtml Information about subscriptions to JNM can be found at: http://jnm.snmjournals. org/site/misc/permission.xhtml Information about reproducing figures, tables, or other portions of this article can be found online at:
Title : Non-responsiveness and susceptibility of opioids side effects related to cancer patients ’ clinical characteristics : a post-hoc analysis Running head : Clinical factors and opioids response

Background. Response to opioids is not always positive in cancer patients. A considerable proportion of patients do not respond (non-responders, NRs) or experience severe toxicity. The aim of this analysis was to assess the role of demographic characteristics, pain features, comorbidities and ongoing therapy on the lack of efficacy and on the occurrence of severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Methods. This is a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial that involved 520 patients and was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of four strong opioids. Patients who presented unchanged or worsened pain compared to the first visit were considered as NRs. As to toxicity, severe degree ADRs with occurrence higher than 10% were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic
How (Not) to Sell a Military Memoir in Britain

In this study, we look at all (n=15) military memoirs published between 2001 and 2010 in Britain about military participation in the Afghanistan conflict, to establish the factors which determine whether a military memoir becomes a better-seller (adjusted sales >15,000 copies), or not. We look at three aspects of the book: content (i.e. type of plot), cover (e.g. whether rank or the award of medals is mentioned) and author features (e.g. rank, sex, co-authorship by another established writer, foreword by well-known person), and analyse data on these aspects, compared to sales figures, using SPSS. We find only two factors that correlate with higher sales: rank and the award of a medal.
Superexchange Driven Singlet-Triplet Transition in Quantum Dots Array Embedded in Kagome Lattice System

The envisaged revolutionary impact of the quantum computer has continued to elucidate diverse means to design and build physical quantum computers. In condensed matter physics, one of the means is to design materials to host two-electron quantum dots (QDs) which can be manipulated into singlet-triplet (S-T) transition. This transition which is read as the quantum bits (qubits) that is considered as a possible logic gate for the quantum computers is enhanced by external magnetic field which is a potential source of decohenrence. In the study here therefore, the possibility of using a superexchange induced internal magnetic field to drive the S-T transition in QDs embedded in a kagome lattice system (KLS) is examined. The design is by embedding the two-electron QDs into the frustrated sites of the KLS and then filling the other sites with single electrons. The parameter space of this KLS to achieve the S-T in the QDs array are obtained from the superexchange interaction in correlated variational study of the system. Keywords: frustrated system, kagome lattice, quantum dot, singlet-triplet transition, quantum computer
DIPLOMARBEIT RNA Secondary Structure Prediction including Pseudoknots angestrebter akademischer Grad

RNAs are very important biological molecules. Previously they were thought of as being only the intermediary between DNA, which carries the genetic information, and proteins, which catalyze biochemical reactions. Today we know about the existence of diverse classes of RNAs which exhibit catalytic functions themselves. The function of an RNA molecule is dependent on its three-dimensional structure (the tertiary structure), which is in turn dependent on the base pairing within the RNA molecule (the secondary structure). In order to draw functional conclusions from the linear sequence of an RNA molecule (the primary structure), one would ideally be able to predict the whole three-dimensional fold based on the sequence alone. But because the folding process of RNA is mainly a hierarchical process, with the secondary structure forming before any tertiary interactions, the secondary structure can already be used as a starting point for functional analysis. Therefore prediction of the secondary structure of RNAs is a central problem in bioinformatics. The majority of all RNA base pairs are perfectly nested, meaning that all nucleotides enclosed by a specific base pair do not interact with any nucleotides outside of this base pair. This property allows the decomposition of the whole RNA secondary structure into simpler and independent substructures called loops, for which free energy parameters exist. The most common approach to predicting RNA secondary structures is based on dynamic programming, which relies heavily on this loop decomposition. A certain group of RNA secondary structures called pseudoknots, of which more and more have been discovered in recent years, do not allow this simplification. In a pseudoknot nucleotides within a loop form base pairs with nucleotides outside of the loop, violating the condition of perfectly nested secondary structures. Pseudoknots are therefore more difficult and more expensive to handle computationally and the standard RNA secondary structure prediction algorithms simply do not take pseudoknots into account. Approaches for predicting pseudoknots have only been developed in recent
Biochar Derived from Agricultural Waste Biomass Act as a Clean and Alternative Energy Source of Fossil Fuel Inputs

In this study, pyrolysis was used to upgrade the agricultural biomass waste (ABW) and increase its energy at pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 350 to 950 (cid:1) C and a residence time of 60 minutes. The produced biochars were characterized and their fuel qualities (such as, fixed carbon & carbon percentage, gross calorific value, pH and surface area) were evaluated. Physiochemical analysis showed that the biochar has improved fuel qualities compared to the raw biomass, such as decreased volatile matter, increased carbon content, pH and its gross calorific value with lower ash content. The evolution of derived biochar, as determined by TG-DTG and FT-IR, showed that most hemicellulose and cellulose were decomposed at below 350 (cid:1) C while the decomposition of lignin only occurs at higher pyrolysis temperatures. The biochars had increased ignition temperatures and higher combustion temperature regions compared to raw biomass feedstock. The present study showed that pyrolysis pointed the differences in fuel qualities among different agricultural biomass feedstocks. It also compromises with a promising conversion process for the production of biochar which has an alternative, clean and environ- ment friendly energy source. the samples were compared for the mass yield, elemental composition, pH, ash content and its functional group. Based on the results, the utilization of the biomass residues for biochar production was discussed.
Iterative learning algorithms for linear Gaussian observation models

In this paper, we consider a signal/parameter estimation problem that is based on a linear model structure and a given setting of statistical models with unknown hyperparameters. We consider several combinations of Gaussian and Laplacian models. We develop iterative algorithms based on two typical machine learning methods - the evidence-based method and the integration-based method - to deal with the hyperparameters. We have applied the proposed algorithms to adaptive prediction and wavelet denoising. In linear prediction, we show that the proposed algorithms are efficient tools for tackling a difficult problem of adapting simultaneously the order and the coefficients of the predictor. In wavelet denoising, we show that by using the proposed algorithms, the noisy wavelet coefficients are subject to shrinkage and thresholding.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH USING DEMATEL, ANP AND TOPSIS FOR EVALUATING RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Research and development (R&D) projects should be one of the main dimensions of universities for providing academic development. It is also a core performance indicator for monitoring and ranking universities. For these reasons, usually there are many projects submitted to the institutions that fund R&D projects. Funding institutions should evaluate the submitted projects in terms of multi-criteria and select the suitable ones among them. Therefore multi-criteria decision making techniques can be implemented as a useful tool for these kinds of problems. In this study an integrated approach which includes DEMATEL, ANP and TOPSIS methods is used for evaluating and ranking projects. The criteria are determined by taking the Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Institute’s (TUBITAK) project selection procedures into consideration. DEMATEL method is used in order to detect the cause and effect interaction among main criteria. Then ANP method is implemented for calculating the weights of each criterion. Finally, TOPSIS method is applied for ranking the projects.