Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor and h epatocyte growth factor cooperate to enhance cell proliferation, scatter, and invasion in murine mammary epithelial cells

The development of the mammary gland requires an integrated response to specific growth factors and steroid hormones. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor, MET, are expressed and temporally regulated during mammary development and differentiation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands have also been implicated in mammary gland growth and morphogenesis. Since both cytokines seem to exert a morphogenic program in this tissue, we have investigated the possible concerted action of EGF and HGF on the HC11 cell line, a widely used model of nontumorigenic mammary cells. Western blot analysis indicated that HC11 expressed METandEGFR, and showedERK1/2 andAKT activation followingHGFor EGF treatment. Analysis by real-timePCRand western blot showed that after an EGF but not HGF or insulin-like growth factor-I treatment, HC11 mammary cells exhibited an increase in MET expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, which was dependent on the AKT pathway. Simultaneous treatment with HGF and EGF increased proliferation, scatter, and invasion as assessed by cell count, cell cycle, scatter, and transwell assays. AKT inhibition did not influence the cooperation on proliferation or invasion after HGFCEGF treatment, while ERK1/2 inhibition abolished MET/EGFR cooperation on proliferation. HGFC EGF treatment increased the duration of ERK1/2 and AKT activation compared to HGF or EGF alone. All these data indicate that a crosstalk between the EGF and HGF pathways in mammary epithelial cells may modulate the development of the mammary gland. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology (2010) 44, 115–125
Evaluation of Semantic Change of Harm-Related Concepts in Psychology

The paper focuses on diachronic evaluation of semantic changes of harm-related concepts in psychology. More specifically, we investigate a hypothesis that certain concepts such as “addiction”, “bullying”, “harassment”, “prejudice”, and “trauma” became broader during the last four decades. We evaluate semantic changes using two models: an LSA-based model from Sagi et al. (2009) and a diachronic adaptation of word2vec from Hamilton et al. (2016), that are trained on a large corpus of journal abstracts covering the period of 1980– 2019. Several concepts showed evidence of broadening. “Addiction” moved from physiological dependency on a substance to include psychological dependency on gaming and the Internet. Similarly, “harassment” and “trauma” shifted towards more psychological meanings. On the other hand, “bullying” has transformed into a more victim-related concept and expanded to new areas such as workplaces.
Module-LWE versus Ring-LWE, Revisited

Till now, the only reduction from the module learning with errors problem (MLWE) to the ring learning with errors problem (RLWE) is given by Albrecht et al. in ASIACRYPT 2017. Reductions from search MLWE to search RLWE were satisfactory over power-of-2 cyclotomic ﬁelds with relative small increase of errors. However, a direct reduction from decision MLWE to decision RLWE leads to a super-polynomial increase of errors and does not work even in the most special cases--power-of-2 cyclotomic ﬁelds. Whether we could reduce decision MLWE to decision RLWE and whether similar reductions could also work for general ﬁelds are still open. In this paper, we give a reduction from decision MLWE with module rank d and computation modulus q in worst-case to decision RLWE with modulus q d in average-case over any cyclotomic ﬁeld. Our reduction increases the LWE error rate by a small polynomial factor. As a conclusion, we obtain an eﬃcient reduction from decision MLWE with modulus q ≈ ˜ O ( n 5 . 75 ) and error rate α ≈ ˜ O ( n − 4 . 25 ) in worst-case to decision RLWE with error rate Γ ≈ ˜ O ( n − 12 ) in average-case, hence, we get a reduction from worst-case module approximate shortest independent vectors problem (SIVP γ ) with approximation parameter γ ≈ ˜ O ( n 5 ) to corresponding average-case decision RLWE problems. Meanwhile, our result shows that the search variant reductions of Albrecht et al. could work in arbitrary cyclotomic ﬁeld as well. We also give an eﬃcient self-reduction of RLWE problems and a converse reduction from decision MLWE to module SIVP γ over any cyclotomic ﬁeld as improvements of relative results showed by Rosca et al. in EUROCRYPT 2018 and Langlois et al. [DCC 15]. Our methods can also be applied to more general algebraic ﬁelds K , as long as we can ﬁnd a good enough basis of the dual R ∨ of the ring of integers of K .
Transformation Field Analysis and Mori-Tanaka model for viscoelastic-viscoplastic composites with coated inclusions

Nowadays the automotive and aeronautic industries are strongly driven by their environmental impact. Aiming at reducing the C02 emissions while meeting the security requirements, the production of lightweight and resistant composite structures is a critical issue for many manufacturers. The high cost of the experimental evaluation of the effective properties of composite structures motivates the development of predictive modeling of such structures in service loading. In mean field homogenization theories, stress and strain fields are considered homogeneous per phase, which allows to use average information of each constituent instead of the local information in each point. Such approach is problematic for nonlinear composites reinforced by stiff inclusions, since the stress and strain fields are actually non-uniform per phase, in particular in the matrix. Indeed, due to the contrast in the material properties, significant stress concentration around the inclusion can cause inaccurate prediction of the overall tangent modulus using classical mean field homogenization theories. This work proposes a new micromechanical approach to overcome the issue of the classical methods for nonlinear composites without the common non-physical solution of ‘‘isotropization’’ [1]. The new framework relies on the Transformation Field Analysis (TFA [2]), which is developod specifically for nonlinear deformation processes. The TFA is integrated into a Mori-Tanaka scheme to predict the overall behavior of long coated fiber reinforced elastoplastic and viscoelastic-viscoplastic polymeric composites. Motivated by the distribution of local fields observed in finite element based homogenization analyses, the proposed approach introduces a special type of coating between the fibers and the matrix which exhibits significant nonlinear strains [3]. This extension permits to solve the overestimation of the global stress-strain response using the classical Mori-Tanaka method. Comparisons with full-field FE computations in representative volume element (RVE) illustrate the capabilities and the robustness of the new framework. The framework is currently implemented to predict the overall behavior of randomly oriented coated fiber reinforced thermoplastics.
Information Extraction as a Natural Language Processing Technique

During the last two decades with the accelerated Internet development, a great amount of data has been being accumulated and stored on the Web. However, most of that data is stored in the form of natural language, which complicates its further analysis. Information extraction is a technology which creates the structured representation of unstructured texts by extracting relevant entities from them, thereby, making the data analysis realizable or feasible. Despite the fact that information extraction is a comparatively new area of science it evolves rather quickly and significant research has been done and are being conducted constantly. This paper closely investigates the information extraction field. The definitions for information extraction as well as its place in the text mining framework are discussed. The general structure of an information extraction system, two approaches for its creation and its evaluation framework are analyzed. Comparison of some of the systems is made. Finally, the outline of the information extraction project is given by determining its aim and objectives, research methods, tools that will be used and evaluation plan.
hemical characterization , antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ix Agave species from Sinaloa , Mexico esmi

Mexico has the greatest diversity of Agave species in the world and considering their uses in traditional medicine, these plants could be a rich source of bioactive compounds. In this research, we studied five wild Agave species from Sinaloa, México (A. rzedowskiana, A. impressa, A. ornithobroma, A. schidigera and A. angustifolia) and one cultivated (A. tequilana). They were evaluated for antioxidantand antibacterial activities and chemical composition. Statistical analysis consisted of a completely randomized design with one factor analysis of variance and the means were contrasted by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). Agave tequilana showed the highest antibacterial activity with a Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 5 mg/mL, while A. rzedowskiana showed the highest antioxidant capacity by the DPPH method; both activities were higher than those reported for other Agave species. Agave ornithobroma had a higher content of the evaluated phytochemicals, mainly triterpenes and steroids. An activity based separation was carried out with the hexane extract of A. rzedowskiana; chromatographic separation and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) showed 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenil)N-methylethanolamine, 9-octadecenoic acid and -tocopherol (vitamin E) as the most abundant compounds. -Tocopherol was clearly associated with the hexane extract antioxidant activity. This research showed a variety of phytochemicals in the studied Agave species and some of these species showed the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities published up to date for this genus.
THE COMPARISON OF PREDICTION ABILITY OF SELECTED BANKRUPTCY MODELS IN THE GLASSMAKING INDUSTRY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Financial analysis presents one of the most important areas of interest in every successful company, because it can provide a huge amount of indicators and models in different areas, as well as some complex models, namely bankruptcy and credibility models, where these models usually provide one specific number and compare this number with recommended value. This article presents the analysis of different bankruptcy models, more precisely, authors are focusing on not so frequently used bankruptcy models, namely Beerman’s discriminating function and Beaver’s model. The authors are evaluating one particular industry sector, glassmaking industry, with the aim to compare the results of above mentioned models themselves and also in different regions of the Czech Republic. The data used for calculation of above mentioned models have been obtained in database Albertina, where it is possible to find basic accounting data, which are necessary for calculation of every indicator from financial analysis. Covered period of time is since 2010 to 2014. The results show that there exist differences between different models, while there are no significant differences in the terms of companies’ location. More details are described in this article.
Melt infiltrated WCu composites as advanced heat sink materials for plasma facing components of future nuclear fusion devices

'This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Melt infiltrated W-Cu composites as advanced heat sink materials for plasma facing components of future nuclear fusion devices
On lhe OptimizatIon of Speckle FilterIng Technlques for ERS-1 Images over Argentina

SAR images provide detailed information about the target surface, though it is obscured by the well-known speckle effect. One alternative of speckle reduction is by ffitering the image, but this demands some assumptions about the speckle behaviour. However, it is important to take into account that noise reduction filters tend to blur the edges and sharp features of the images, since they always introduce some kind of low pass effect. Several filters have been developed for the speckle reduction, and most of them are of the form of a window that slides over de image. But there is no automatic process to determine the window size, a relevant parameter that depends, among other things, on the features of the studied arca. Given a filter, it can be applied to the S AR image for different window sizes; then it is possible to estimate the so-called speclde index as a measure that provides the best speclde reduction in accordance to the degree of heterogeneity of the region under study. In this paper the type of filter which better reduces the speclde in homogeneous and heterogeneous regions is determined. Moreover, it is possible to draw conclusions about the optimal window size used when the filter is applied. 1.1NTRODUCTION The gray level of each pixel in a one-look S AR image aquired using a linear detector is (under certain conditions) a random variable Y with a Rayleigh distribution (Y SW)) where is the backscatter coefficient, so 4(y) = for y > 0. This coefficient depends on the electromagnetic properties of the surface at the considered frequency, polarization and incidence angle of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the SAR antenna. For a Rayleigh distributed random variable, its mean and variance are related by
Signaling Games and Applications

Consider a Spence-type framework. There is a worker S and and employer R. The worker can have two di↵erent types L, H. Type i = L, H has productivity ✓i with ✓L < ✓H . The worker has private information about his type and chooses a costly signal s 0 which may reveal information about his type to the employer (education). The employer o↵ers a wage w that minimizes a quadratic loss function (w ✓i). [Note: This implies that the employer o↵ers a wage w = E(✓i|s). (Results would not change if we assumed many employers whose payo↵ is ✓i w and competition among employers)]. S’s payo↵ is w cis where ci is the cost of the signal. We assume that cL > cH (signaling is relatively less costly for higher types). The timing of the game is as follows:
Genetic parameters for body weight of the Goettingen minipig estimated with multiple trait and random regression models

Introduction The Goettingen minipig is a laboratory animal which has a widespread popularity in medical and pharmaceutical research because of its shared anatomic and physiologic characteristics with humans. Low body weight of the minipig is a necessary trait because handling in medical experiments is facilitated and also the costs for housing, feeding and dosing are lower. At the moment there is no selection for a low body weight and the genetics of low body weight of Goettingen minipigs at different ages are still unknown. A popular method to estimate genetic parameters of a trait with repeated measures is the multiple trait model (MTM). In this approach, every measurement is treated as a (genetically) different trait. Body weight is a trait where the phenotype of an animal can be represented by a continuous function of time. Thus, this trait is characterized by a trajectory with a theoretically infinite number of measurements. Therefore, a model is appropriate which considers the complex covariance structure. In the infinite-dimensional approach, the covariance structure is modelled as a covariance function (CF) (Kirkpatrick et al., 1990). A useful tool for the estimation of CF is the random regression model (RRM). The aims of this study were the estimation of genetic parameters for the trait ‘body weight’ with multiple trait (MT) and random regression (RR) analysis and the comparison of these two methods with regard to further routine application for the prediction of breeding values.
Oldest-Old Mortality Rates and the Gompertz Law : A Theoretical and Empirical Study Based on Four Countries

Testing the Gompertz law (i.e. law of geometrical progression) for elderly mortality rates has been discussed in the literature for a long time, but tests based on a set of yearly age-specific data have not been fully explored yet. In the first part of this paper, we propose a standard operating procedure for testing the Gompertz assumption using yearly age-specific mortality data. Methods used in the procedure include estimation of parameters in the Gompertz law and their standard errors via bootstrap simulation. In addition to the oldest-old (i.e. ages 80 and above) data in Japan, Sweden, France, and the U.S. (Data sources: Berkeley Mortality Database and Kannisto, 1994), a simulation study is used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed procedure. However, in practice the period of data collection is often prolonged to 5 or 10 years in order to accumulate sufficient sample sizes. However, a longer data collection period is likely to mix data with different attributes and cause problems in the parameter estimation. Thus, in the second part of this paper, we discuss the impacts of the data collection period and population sizes on the testing results.
Interactive comment on “ Inversely modeling homogeneous H 2 SO 4-H 2 O nucleation rate in exhaust-related conditions ” by Miska Olin et al .

We agree that the measurement of sulfuric acid had high uncertainty and the two measurement approaches (CI-APi-TOF and IC) yielded different concentrations (varied within 2 orders of magnitude) due to high diffusional losses when sampling with the CI-APi-TOF. In general, measuring sulfuric acid concentrations is still always a challenging task to date; the major contribution of the uncertainty arising from high losses of sulfuric acid onto the sampling lines before the chemical ionization inside the CIAPi-TOF. For these reasons, we did not use the measured sulfuric acid concentrations
Determinants of adopting improved bread wheat varieties in Southeastern Highland of Ethiopia : A Double-Hurdle Approach

The improvement of agricultural productivity using technology is an important avenue for increasing output and reducing poverty in sub-Saharan countries. However, low adoption of high yield varieties has been identified as one of the main reasons for low productivity in SubSaharan Africa. Consequently, the study examined the effect of demographic, socioeconomic and institutional factors affecting adoption and adoption-intensity of IWVs, using data obtained from a randomly selected 140 farmers in the southeastern high land of Ethiopia in 2014/15 year. We estimated a Double-hurdle model to analyze the determinants of intensity of IWVs adoption, as adoption and use intensity were two independent decisions influenced by different factors. The results also show that this model is more appropriate than Tobit model. Empirical estimates of the first hurdle reveals that wheat farming experience, distance to cooperatives, renting a tractor and combine harvester, Urea application, and net income from wheat grain sale all significantly increased the likelihood of IWVs adoption. Households with a female head were also found to have a high probability to adopt than male-headed. Estimates of the second hurdle revealed that the decision to use optimal intensity of IWVs by smallholder farmers was influenced by seed availability, row planting, and distance to cooperative all significantly and positively. The intensity of adoption was also found to be negatively related to the proportion of farmland allotted for wheat production. Accordingly, policies and interventions that are informed about such factors are required to accelerate adoption and adoption-intensity of IWVs in Ethiopia in order to realize a wheat Green Revolution and fight food insecurity in a sustainable manner.
Joint inversion of simultaneous source time-lapse seismic data sets

We present a joint inversion method, based on iterative least-squares migration, for imaging simultaneous source time-lapse seismic data sets. Non-repeatable shot and receiver positions introduce undesirable artifacts into time-lapse seismic images. We conjecture that when data sets are acquired with several simultaneously shooting sources, additional artifacts will result from relative shot-timing non-repeatability. These artifacts can be attenuated by joint inversion of such data sets without any need for initial separation. Preconditioning with nonstationary dip filters and with temporal smoothness constraints ensures stability and geologically consistent time-lapse images. Results from a modified Marmousi 2D model show that the proposed method yields reliable time-lapse images.
Readability : The limitations of an approach through formulae

It has been argued that the most important pedagogic decision that teachers make is “making the match” (Fry, 1977), that is, ensuring that learners are supplied with reading materials, in whatever subject, that are at an appropriate level of difficulty for them. Learners who are given reading materials that are too easy are not challenged and their learning growth can be stunted (Chall & Conard, 1991). Learners who are given reading materials that are too difficult can fail to make progress (Gambrell, Wilson, & Gantt, 1981), are frequently off task and may exhibit behaviour problems (Anderson et al, 1987), or may become so frustrated that they simply give up (Kletzien, 1991). Making the match is therefore a crucial skill for teachers, and it is also important for those who, while not teachers, do produce written material which they desire to be read and understood by other people. It has long been considered that the successful exercise of this skill requires knowledge of the readability level of materials. The Bullock Report (DES, 1975) commented that, “a particularly important teaching skill is that of assessing the level of difficulty of books by applying measures of readability. The teacher who can do this is in a better position to match children to reading materials that answer their needs. ” (p. 113). Defining and exploring this concept of readability gave rise to a significant body of research from the 1920s to the early 1990s, one of the major outcomes of which was the production of a large number of “readability formulae”, that is, approaches to analysing texts which were designed to give a quantitative measure of the “level” a reader would need to be at in order to read and understand a particular text successfully.