Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceived Responder Legitimacy and Group Identification Predict Cooperation and Compliance in a Mass Decontamination Field Exercise

Emergency responders' failure to communicate effectively during decontamination following a chemical or biological incident has been associated with increased public anxiety and reduced public compliance. In this study we applied the social identity approach to evaluating a field exercise that involved mass decontamination. Questionnaires were collected from 115 volunteers, who participated in the exercise as simulated casualties. Volunteers' perceptions of effective responder communication predicted increased self-reported compliance with decontamination, mediated by perceived responder legitimacy and identification with other group members. Developing effective communication strategies using a social psychology perspective could improve the way in which incidents are managed.
Survey of Techniques Used for Answer Evaluation using Semantic Network

Automatic Evaluation of Free Text Answers' have become a necessity, not only for better acceptance of online learning, but also to handle the pressure of assessment of a large number of students' responses in a fatigue free pedagogically correct method in traditional learning environments. This work is aimed at developing a model to evaluate free text answers of students based on the semantic similarity it has with the model answers prepared by teachers. The model answers are prepared prior to the evaluation process and through a process of dynamic semantic network building, a model is prepared which is used in evaluation. The proposed technique should allow the flexibility of comparing a student’s answer with two or more model answers and finally evaluating it against the model answer it most closely resembles. Keywords— E-learning, automatic evaluation, semantic network. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
The Human Role in Autonomous Weapon Design and Deployment

There has been increasing debate in the international community as to whether it is morally and ethically permissible to use autonomous weapons, which are weapon systems that select and fire upon a target with no human in the loop. Given the tightly coupled link between emerging technology and policy development in this debate that speaks to the very core of humanity, this paper explains how current automated control systems, including weapons systems, are designed in terms of balancing authority between the human and the computer. The distinction between automated and autonomous systems is explained, and a framework is presented for conceptualizing the human-computer balance for future autonomous systems, both civilian and military. Lastly, specific technology and policy implications for weaponized autonomous systems is discussed.
THE IMPORTANCE OF RECRUITMENT TO THE DYNAMICS OF A CORAL REEF FISH POPULATION

An experiment on a coral reef fish is described that assesses the effects of recruitment success on adult abundance over a 3-yr period. The damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis was examined on natural patch reefs of -8 m2 in the lagoon of One Tree Reef. Recruitment levels were adjusted to 0, 0. 5, 1, and 2 recruits m-2 yr- I by transplanting juveniles among reefs at the end of four successive recruitment seasons (with four replicates per treatment). Natural recruitment success was monitored on 16 undisturbed reefs, and adult numbers were monitored at irregular intervals on both experimental and undisturbed reefs. The adult population density at the end of the experiment increased significantly with recruitment within the 0-1 recruit/i2 range. However, doubling recruitment from 1 to 2 recruits/M2 did not lead to any further increase in adult density. The recruitment treatments did not affect adult density until a 2-yr period had elapsed (corresponding to average maturation time). At this time, treatments receiving 1 and 2 recruits/M2 showed a dramatic increase in adult numbers, whereas in the low-recruitment treatments, adult densities declined. The experiment indicated that a recruitment success of between 0.5 and 1 recruit/M2 was necessary to maintain adult numbers at pre-experimental levels. Natural recruitment success was highly variable among years, but adult densities remained relatively constant over time at -0.8 adult/M2. Differences in the final adult densities among reefs were correlated with average recruitment levels, but above 0.8-1.0 recruit/M2, adult den- sities did not increase with increasing recruitment success. The results from experimental and undisturbed reefs suggest that natural variation in recruitment success affects the importance of post-recruitment processes. In good recruitment years, adult densities on a substantial number of reefs may be limited by density-dependent processes, which may affect the majority of individuals in a region. Density-dependentjuvenile growth may buffer adult populations on these reefs against the effects of poor recruitment years, since input may come from a number of immature age classes. Where recruitment success is always below a certain level, the dynamics of adult populations will reflect variation in recruitment success.
Fast Fourier Transform Processors: Implementing FFT and IFFT Cores for OFDM Communication Systems

The terms Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) are used to denote efficient and fast algorithms to compute the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) respectively. The FFT/IFFT is widely used in many digital signal processing applications and the efficient implementation of the FFT/IFFT is a topic of continuous research.
Model-based Data Fusion in Industrial Process Instrumentation

Process sensors form an essential component of modern industrial production processes. They usually have to be operated under stringent environmental, safety, and cost constraints. Some of the key requirements on process instrumentation are: operation under harsh and varying environmental conditions, high reliability, fault tolerance, and low cost. The failure of process sensors may cause high losses due to plant breakdowns or out-ofspecification products. Therefore it is important to know as much as possible about the momentary states of a production process. In addition, the estimates need to have low uncertainty and high reliability. Sensor and data fusion can be key techniques to economically reach these goals and achieve higher performance than with isolated single point sensors alone. These methods enable the quantification of otherwise inaccessible quantities that cannot be deduced from a single sensor or management principle. Examples are the concentration measurement of ternary solutions or the tomographic estimation of spatially distributed material parameters from arrays of single point sensors. Industrial processes are usually operated within a defined environment, although there may be very harsh conditions like temperature variations, aggressive fluids, and high humidity. There are certain limits of operation. The nominal parameters, like desired product specifications as well as normal or acceptable fluctuations are known in advance while unknown encounters like in classical sensor fusion for target tracking, autonomous guidance, and battlefield surveillance are not within the scope of operation. This fact potentially establishes a precise and specific model of the industrial process at hand. The knowledge then contained in the process model can be fruitfully exploited in model-based data fusion. Generally, model-based approaches reach beyond straightforward methods like physical redundancy with majority votings or heuristic filtering operations. The achievable measurement precision as well as decision making reliability is usually higher in model-based approaches due to the additional regularization of the state or hypotheses space that is achieved with an appropriate model. However, at the same time special care needs to be taken to choose a model that allows for sufficient and representative variation. This is the only way the inherent variability of a process can be adequately represented. O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w . in te ch w eb . o rg
Effects of Electron Irradiation Upon Absorptive and Fluorescent Properties of Some Doped Optical Fibers

A review of the recent studies of the effect of irradiating silica-based fibers doped with rare earths and metals by a beam of high-energy (β) electrons is presented. Of the review’s main scope are the attenuation spectra’ transformations occurring in optical fiber of such types under electron irradiation, allowing, from one side, to recover some general essence of the phenomena involved and, from the other side, to draw the features that would make such fibers useful for applications, for example, in dosime‐ try and space technologies. Among the fibers of the current review’s choice, exempli‐ fying the effect of electron irradiation most brightly, are ytterbium (Yb) and cerium (Ce) (the rare earths’ representatives) and bismuth (Bi) (the post-transitional metals representative) doped fibers, where a diversity of the electron-irradiation-related effects is encouraged.
Angular micropositioner for disk drives

Rotary electrostatic microactuators suitable for use in a two-stage servo system for magnetic disk drives have been fabricated using the HexSil process. A 2.6 mm diameter device is shown to be capable of producing 0.17 mN-mm of output torque, corresponding to a predicted actuation bandwidth of 1.6 kHz. The structures are formed from LPCVD polysilicon deposited into deep trenches etched into a silicon mold wafer. Upon release, these structures are transferred to a target wafer using a solder bond. The solder bonding process will provide easy integration of mechanical structures with integrated circuits, allowing separate optimization of the circuit and structure fabrication processes. An advantage of HexSil is that once the mold wafer has undergone the initial plasma etching, it may be re-used for subsequent polysilicon depositions, amortizing the cost of the deep trench etching over many structural runs and thereby significantly reducing the cost of finished actuators. Further, 100 /spl mu/m high structures may be made from a 3 /spl mu/m deposition of polysilicon, increasing overall fabrication speed.
Measurements of Stationary Josephson Current between High- Tc Oxides as a Tool to Detect Charge Density Waves

Stationary Josephson tunnel current $I_{c}$ between superconductors with $d$-wave order parameter symmetry and charge-density-wave (CDW) partial gapping was analyzed in the two-dimensional model appropriate to high-$T_{c}$ cuprates. It was shown that, in certain experimental setups, due to the peculiar overlap of superconducting and CDW gaps in the momentum space, the dependence of $I_{c}$ on the CDW parameters may be strongly nonmonotonic. Hence, we suggested that $I_{c}$ measurements in the wide range of dopings can serve as an indicator of CDW existence in the pseudogap regions of the cuprate phase diagrams. Besides, the orientation $I_{c}$-dependences were analyzed.
ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENTS, COW HEALTH, AND MILK QUALITY1

W.P. Weiss Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691 weiss.6@osu.edu Introduction Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant system of the cell, tissue, or body. Certain nutrients act as antioxidants or are components of antioxidant enzymes and have a direct effect on oxidative stress. The prevalence and severity of several important health disorders in dairy cows including retained fetal membranes, udder edema, and mastitis appear to be related to oxidative stress. In addition, antioxidant nutrients can affect milk quality. Milk quality is usually defined in terms of mastitis. Milk with a low somatic cell count (SCC) and visibly normal appearance (no clots) is considered high quality. Although these measures are clearly important, the definition of high quality milk must be expanded. To ensure a continued growing demand by consumers for dairy products, milk and dairy products must also taste good. A consumer that has a bad tasting glass of milk may be hesitant to purchase milk again.
PHYSICALLY DERIVED SYNTHESIS MODEL OF A CAVITY TONE

The cavity tone is the sound generated when air flows over the open surface of a cavity and a number of physical conditions are met. Equations obtained from fluid dynamics and aerodynamics research are utilised to produce authentic cavity tones without the need to solve complex computations. Synthesis is performed with a physical model where the geometry of the cavity is used in the sound synthesis calculations. The model operates in real-time making it ideal for integration within a game or virtual reality environment. Evaluation is carried out by comparing the output of our model to previously published experimental, theoretical and computational results. Results show an accurate implementation of theoretical acoustic intensity and sound propagation equations as well as very good frequency predictions.
Study of ice cloud properties using infrared spectral data

Study of Ice Cloud Properties Using Infrared Spectral Data. (August 2007) Kevin James Garrett, B.S., Syracuse University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Ping Yang The research presented in this thesis involves the study of ice cloud microphysical and optical properties using both hyperspectral and narrowband infrared spectral data. First, ice cloud models are developed for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument onboard the METOP-A satellite, which provide the bulk-scattering properties of these clouds for the 8461 IASI channels between 645 and 2760 cm. We investigate the sensitivity of simulated brightness temperatures in this spectral region to the bulk-scattering properties of ice clouds containing individual ice crystal habits as well as for one habit distribution. The second part of this thesis describes an algorithm developed to analyze the sensitivity of simulated brightness temperatures at 8.5 and 11.0 μm to changes in effective cloud temperature by adjusting cloud top height and geometric thickness in a standard tropical atmosphere. Applicability of using these channels in a bi-spectral approach to retrieve cirrus cloud effective particle size and optical thickness is assessed. Finally, the algorithm is applied to the retrieval of these ice cloud properties for a case of single-layered cirrus cloud over a tropical ocean surface using measurements from the Moderate Resolution Infrared
Inter-rater agreement of a modified and extended Swedish version of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI)

Objective: The point of departure for this study was the need for an instrument capturing social activities updated to the living circumstances of the 21 st century. Starting out from the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), the objective was to investigate the inter-rater agreement of the scoring of a modified and extended Swedish version, capturing activity performance and participation. Method: Thirty-one older people, living in the community post stroke, were interviewed in their homes by two raters using the Swedish FAI version, extended with items on use of mode of transport and use of telephone, and modified with additional scales. Besides the original frequency scale, the new scales captured changes in frequency, reasons for change, and performance satisfaction, Inter-rater agreement was analyzed with kappa statistics. Results: Overall, the inter-rater agreement was high or very high, with weighted - қ = 0.924 for the frequency scale and - қ = 0.784 - 0.940 for the new scales. Conclusion: While further validity and reliability testing is necessary, when out-of-home activities are of interest the scoring of the modified and extended Swedish FAI version can be administered with high inter-rater agreement.
A New Therapeutic Strategy for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Activation of AMP Kinase by Metformin

Abstract : Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a common inherited disorder. Patients are born with normal kidneys but, over the course of decades, they develop large fluid filled cysts that damage the normal kidney tissue. The damage caused by these cysts can lead ultimately to kidney failure, necessitating kidney transplantation or dialysis. There are currently no approved medications for this condition. Recent research reveals that cyst formation is due in part both to inappropriate cell growth and fluid secretion. The enzyme AMPK controls a number of cellular pathways, including those involved in cell growth and fluid secretion. Drugs that activate AMPK, therefore, may constitute an effective therapeutic option for slowing or preventing cyst growth. This research project is aimed at examining the potential of an approved, widely used, inexpensive and low-toxicity drug that can activate AMPK as a potential therapy for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease.
The Role of the Andesitic Volcanism in the Understanding of Late Mesozoic Tectonic Events of Bureya-Jziamysi Superterrain, Russian Far East

At the moment Bureya-Jziamysi superterrain is a very discussable geological object [1]. It is distinguished as a component of Amur plate or a part of a microcontinent [2] of the eastern part of Euroasia (Fig. 1a). Nowadays a kinematic model is obtained [3] that describe the dis‐ location of Euroasian and Amur plates as independent tectonic units (Fig. 1a). The GPS-cal‐ culations [4, 3] showed that the eastern border of Amur plate goes along of the one of the branches of Than-Lu fracture system (Fig. 1a). The branch is also an eastern border of Bur‐ eya-Jziamysi superterrain. The northern border is identified by its contact with MongolOkhotsk orogenic belt and correlates to the northern border of Amur plate [5]. On the west and south the superterrain is framed with Paleozoic and early Mesozoic orogenic belts: South Mongolian – Khingan, Solonkersky, Vundurmiao [5, 6]. South Mongol – Khingan oro‐ genic belt separates it from Argun superterrain that is also a component of Amur microcon‐ tinent (Fig. 1b).
Chapter 14 Disasters and Population Health

Events of mass trauma are relatively common global phenomena with widespread impact on human health. We conducted this systematic literature review using the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database. We investigated the effect of disasters on six main topic areas of interest: injury and mortality, health systems and infrastructure, mental health, infectious disease, chronic disease, and health behavior. This review covers 182 articles on both natural and man-made disasters, excluding war. We present the results by topic area, across disaster type. This work highlights the scope and heterogeneity of disaster research today, providing a contextual background in which to formulate interventions and disaster planning efforts.
Searching for modified gravity with baryon oscillations : From SDSS to wide field multiobject spectroscopy (WFMOS)

We discuss how the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) signatures in the galaxy power spectrum can distinguish between modified gravity and the cosmological constant as the source of cosmic acceleration. To this end we consider a model characterized by a parameter n, which corresponds to the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) model if n=2 and reduces to the standard spatially flat cosmological constant concordance model for n equal to infinity. We find that the different expansion histories of the modified gravity models systematically shifts the peak positions of BAO. A preliminary analysis using the current SDSS luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample indicates that the original DGP model is disfavored unless the matter density parameter exceeds 0.3. The constraints will be strongly tightened with future spectroscopic samples of galaxies at high redshifts. We demonstrate that WFMOS, in collaboration with other surveys such as Planck, will powerfully constrain modified gravity alternatives to dark energy as the explanation of cosmic acceleration
Another anticancer elemanolide from Vernonia amygdalina

A number of antitumor and other bioactive com p unds were previously isolated from Vernonia amygdalina Del. This study was designed to further isolate an d characterize compounds of medicinal value that may also have antitumor activi ty from this edible and commonly available plant. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the leaf ex tract of V. amygdalina (MEVA) led to the isolation and characterization of a known compound, epivernodalol for the first time in this plant. It s structure was identified by spectroscopic methods i ncluding H-NMR, C-NMR, MS, UV and IR spectra. In vitro growth inhibitory and cytotoxic evaluation of MEVA , its fractions and epivernodalol against HT-144 (skin melanoma) cell l ine was carried out by the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The results showed that epivernodalol nd the dichloromethane fraction of V. amygdalina were active against HT-144 (skin melanoma) cell li ne. Vernonia amygdalina Del. leaf extract yielded another cytotoxic which was active against skin cancer. © 2010 International Formulae Group. All rights res erved.
Biopolymers made from methane in bioreactors

Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and mitigation is important to reduce global warming impacts. In this study, we aimed to convert CH4 to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB; a biopolymer) by enrichment of methanotrophic consortia in bioreactors. Two different methanotrophic consortia were established form landfill top‐cover (landfill biomass [LB]) and compost soils (compost biomass [CB]), through cultivation under CH4:CO2:air (30:10:60) in batch systems. The established cultures were then used as inoculi (0.5 g LB or CB⋅L−1) in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) aerated with CH4:CO2:air at 0.25 L⋅min−1. Under stable CSTRs operating conditions, the effect of spiking with 1:1 copper:iron (final concentrations of 5μM) was tested. Methane oxidation capacity (MOC), biomass dry weight (DWbiomass), PHB, and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) contents were used as effect parameters. A maximum MOC of 481.9 ± 8.9 and 279.6 ± 11.3 mg CH4⋅g−1 DWbiomass⋅h−1 was recorded in LB‐CSTR and CB‐CSTR, respectively, but PHB production was similar for both systems, that is 37.7 mg⋅g−1 DWbiomass. Treatment with copper and iron improved PHB production (22.5% of DWbiomass) in LB‐CSTR, but a reduction of 13.6% was observed in CB‐CSTR. The results indicated that CH4 to PHB conversion is feasible using LB‐CSTRs and addition of copper and iron is beneficial.
Inefficient Worker Turnover

This paper considers the efficiency properties of risk-neutral workers’ mobility decisions in an equilibrium model with search frictions, but no search externalities, when the rent accruing to a match is split through bargaining. Matches are ex ante homogeneous and their true productivity is learnt after the match is formed. It is shown that the efficiency of worker turnover depends on contract enforceability, and that in the absence of complete enforceability the equilibrium fails to be efficient. This is because without complete enforceability firms cannot credibly offer workers contracts that will guarantee them the entire future of all potential future matches.