Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study on performances of carrier-based pulse-width modulation techniques for three-phase three-level t-type neutral-point-clamped inverter under switch-open-circuit fault on two neutral-point-connected legs

Multilevel voltage source inverters (VSIs) have been used for several decades thanks to their advantages compared with traditional two level VSI. Among various types of multilevel configuration, the T-type neutral-point-clamped VSI (3L TNPC VSI or 333-type VSI) has gained the attention in recent years. Due to the unique structure, the 333-type VSI has critical issues in reliability in operation such as switch-open-circuit (SOC) and switch-short-circuit (SSC), which lead to several unrequired issues, for instance, reduction of system performance, distorted and unbalanced output voltages and currents, or triggering the protection circuits. In some applications, the amplitude reduction and harmonics distortion of output voltages in SOC faults are not acceptable. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a pulse-width modulation (PWM) algorithm for 333-type VSI working under SOC fault which guarantees the desired output fundamental component voltage. The simultaneous SOC fault on two neutral-point-connected legs in the 333-type VSI may cause a large reduction in the output voltage. Under this circumstance, the 333-type VSI becomes an asymmetrical one called 322-type VSI. Certain studies regarding to the operation of 333-type VSI under SOC faults have been carried out. However, these studies require more semiconductor devices in order to create a redundant switching circuit. This leads to higher system cost with reduced inverter effieciency due to the additional loss. In this study, two carrier-based pulse-width modulation (CBPWM) techniques, i.e. 322-sinusoidal PWM (322-SPWM) and 322-medium offset CBPWM (322-MOCBPWM) are proposed for 322-type VSI. The proposed techniques are firstly simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and then implemented on a hardware setup. Performances of the proposed techniques are evaluated in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) and weighted-THD (WTHD) of output voltages. Simulation results show that considering the worst output voltage under SOC fault, vBC, the proposed 322-SPWM technique could improve the THD by 40% and the WTHD by 94% compared with the uncompensated case with m=0.8. The corresponding results of 322-MOCBPWM technique are 42% and 96%, respectively. Characteristics of THD and WTHD values are also presented for demonstration the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of twin supersonic rectangular jets using large-eddy simulations

Multiple engines are preferred in modern aircraft, owing to their enhanced propulsive power as well as better safety they provide if one engine fails. However, the proximity of the two engines, particularly in a tactical aircraft, triggers coupling between them, consequently altering flow fields to a great extent from those of a single jet under the same conditions. Furthermore, jets are often operated at non-ideal expansion conditions, yielding screech tones (Powell 1953) and modifications of their characteristics by jet-to-jet interactions (Raman et al. 2012). On the other hand, over the past few decades, rectangular nozzles have been of great interests in a military style aircraft, due to their simple integration to airframe. Variable aspect ratios and thrust-vectoring are also feasible in these configurations. While experiments on rectangular and other non-circular jets go back to the 1980s, numerical studies of a single rectangular jet with various aspect ratios have been reported more recently (Nichols et al. 2011; Brès et al. 2017a; Gojon et al. 2017; Johnson et al. 2017; Chen et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2019; Chakrabarti et al. 2020; Wu et al. 2020a,b). Among these studies, large-eddy simulations (LES) using an unstructured fully compressible flow solver, CharLES, developed by Cascade Technologies, successfully predicted the aeroacoustics of a single rectangular jet very accurately, including screech tones—in terms of both frequencies and amplitudes (Wu et al. 2020a). The resulting high-fidelity simulation data were further used to investigate the screech closure mechanism, which still lacks unanimity across the jet noise community. More recently, advanced supercomputing facilities have enabled simulations of the aeroacoustics of twin rectangular jets, and initial assessments were addressed in Jeun et al. (2019, 2020) and Viswanath et al. (2020). They considered twin rectangular nozzles with an aspect ratio of 2, which were designed and tested at the University of Cincinnati (Karnam et al. 2020), but the simulation results were less successful in reproducing the experimentally measured flow characteristics. This report refines and extends the authors’ previous work on the same jets (Jeun et al. 2019, 2020), by investigating not only near-field flow statistics but also far-field acoustics in comparison with the experimental measurements (Karnam et al. 2020). Through several iterations of mesh sensitivity study, the final mesh used in this report shows significant improvements in resolving important flow features in the potential core and through the shear layers. Simulations performed over a long time period capture many screech tones registered in the experiments. Lastly, the resulting high-fidelity database is used to determine jet-to-jet coupling modes by analyzing two-point spatial cross-correlations.
Meiofauna in the soft-bottom habitats of the Patos Lagoon

Meiofauna in the soft-bottom habitats of the Patos Lagoon Estuary (south Brazil). This study aims to compare the composition and the density of the meiofauna among three soft-bottom habitats over an emersion gradient during a prolonged tidal exposure period (summer 2000). The selected habitats were (1) a Spartina alterniflora-marsh, (2) an intertidal mudflat (both exposed at ca. 25 days) , and (3) a subt idal bottom. The meiofauna composition was similar among habitats, where nematodes, ostracods and harpacticoid copepods were the organisms numerically dominant. Mean meiofaunal density ranged from 2,908 to 896 individuals 10cm -2. The higher densities values were achieved at subtidal bottom and significantly decrease in salt marsh direction. The meiofauna density was negatively correlated with increase of fine fractions and organic matter content as well as decrease of grain size, sorting and pH values of sediment. The presence of marsh roots and the prolonged t idal exposure t ime also contr ibuted for observed differences. Key-words: meiofauna, soft-bottom, salt-marsh, controlling factors, Patos Lagoon Estuary. RESUMO: Meiofauna nos planos inconsolidados do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos (sul do Brasil). A composição e a densidade da meiofauna foram comparadas entre três ambientes de fundos inconsolidados ao longo de gradiente de emersão durante um período de prolongada exposição mareal (verão de 2000). Os ambientes selecionados foram: (1) uma marisma dominada por Spartina alterniflora, (2) um plano de lama intermareal (ambos emersos por 25 dias) e (3) um plano sublitoral. A composição da meiofauna fo i s imi la r en t re os ambientes , onde nematódeos , os t rácodes e copépodes harpact icóides foram os organismos numericamente dominantes. A densidade da meiofauna variou entre 2.908 e 896 indivíduos 10cm -2. Os maiores valores de densidade foram obtidos no plano sublitoral e diminuíram significativamente em direção a marisma. A redução na densidade foi negativamente correlacionada com o aumento das frações finas do sedimento e do teor de matéria orgânica, bem como com a redução do tamanho do grão, do grau de seleção e do pH do sedimento. A presença das raízes da marisma e o prolongado período de exposição também contribuíram para as diferenças observadas. Palavras-chave: meiofauna, fundos inconsolidados; marisma; fatores controladores; Lagoa dos Patos.
T Regulatory Cells in Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with High Dose Methylprednisolone and Rituximab

Higher circulating T regulatory cell (Treg) numbers have been found in untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) compared to healthy subjects and correlated with progressive disease as well as time to first treatment in low-risk patients [1]. Some agents can reduce Treg numbers in CLL patients, but there are no data on the prognostic role of Treg dynamics and patient outcome. We present data from the LT-CLL-001 study, in which the clinical benefit of dose-dense high dose methylprednisolone (HDMP) and rituximab (Rtx) combination in relapsed or refractory high-risk patients with CLL was evaluated [2]. During the study, the change of T regulatory cell frequencies was measured in relation to overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Twenty-nine CLL patients with clinically or biologically high-risk disease were included. Treg frequency was evaluated at screening, after three treatment courses, and at the end of therapy. Significant reduction of the median frequencies of Treg during treatment was observed: median (range) of Treg0-3 after three treatment courses was 2.14% (-1.84%- 9.42%), p < 0.001 and median (range) of Treg0-6 was 1.01% (-2.95%- 8.35%, p = 0.004). Patients with deeper Treg reduction between screening and three treatment courses had significantly better PFS and OS (Table 1 & 2). Our data for the first time show that HDMP and Rtx combination reduces Treg frequency in pretreated CLL patients. Early and deeper Treg reduction is an independent prognostic factor for longer PFS and OS. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT005 58181).
Integrity Auditing and Data Sharing With Sensitive Information Hiding for Secure Cloud Storage

— Along with the development of cloud computing more and more applications are moved to the cloud. With cloud storage services, users can remotely store their data to the cloud and realize the data sharing with others on the condition that the sensitive information is hidden in order to guarantee the integrity and confidentiality of the data stored in the cloud. Remote data integrity auditing is proposed to guarantee the integrity of the data stored in the cloud. In some common cloud storage systems such as the electronic health records system, the cloud file might contain some sensitive information. The sensitive information should not be exposed to others when the cloud file is shared. Encrypting the whole shared file can realize the sensitive information hiding but will make this shared file unable to be used by others. How to realize data sharing with sensitive information hiding in remote data integrity auditing scheme with time seal management still has not been explored In order to address this problem, we propose a remote data integrity auditing scheme with appropriate time management thereby providing limited access that realizes data sharing with sensitive information hiding in this paper. In this scheme, a sanitizer is used to sanitize the data blocks corresponding to the sensitive information of the file and transforms these data blocks’ signatures into valid ones for the sanitized file. These signatures are used to verify the integrity of the sanitized file in the phase of integrity auditing. As a result, our scheme makes the file stored in the cloud able to be shared and used by others on the condition that the sensitive information is hidden, while the remote data integrity auditing is still able to be execute efficiently. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme is based on Identity-based cryptography, which simplifies the complicated certificate management and also solves key exposure problem. The security analysis and the performance evaluation show that the proposed scheme is secure and efficient.
Using body temperature and variables commonly available in the EHR to predict acute infection: a proof-of-concept study showing improved pretest probability estimates for acute COVID-19 infection among discharged emergency department patients

Abstract Objectives Obtaining body temperature is a quick and easy method to screen for acute infection such as COVID-19. Currently, the predictive value of body temperature for acute infection is inhibited by failure to account for other readily available variables that affect temperature values. In this proof-of-concept study, we sought to improve COVID-19 pretest probability estimation by incorporating covariates known to be associated with body temperature, including patient age, sex, comorbidities, month, and time of day. Methods For patients discharged from an academic hospital emergency department after testing for COVID-19 in March and April of 2020, we abstracted clinical data. We reviewed physician documentation to retrospectively generate estimates of pretest probability for COVID-19. Using patients’ COVID-19 PCR test results as a gold standard, we compared AUCs of logistic regression models predicting COVID-19 positivity that used: (1) body temperature alone; (2) body temperature and pretest probability; (3) body temperature, pretest probability, and body temperature-relevant covariates. Calibration plots and bootstrap validation were used to assess predictive performance for model #3. Results Data from 117 patients were included. The models’ AUCs were: (1) 0.69 (2) 0.72, and (3) 0.76, respectively. The absolute difference in AUC was 0.029 (95% CI −0.057 to 0.114, p=0.25) between model 2 and 1 and 0.038 (95% CI −0.021 to 0.097, p=0.10) between model 3 and 2. Conclusions By incorporating covariates known to affect body temperature, we demonstrated improved pretest probability estimates of acute COVID-19 infection. Future work should be undertaken to further develop and validate our model in a larger, multi-institutional sample.
Effects of eddies on the subduction and movement of water masses reaching the section using Lagrangian particles in an eddy-resolving OGCM

The effects of eddies on the subduction and movement of water masses reaching the 137 E section are examined in a nominal 10-km resolution ocean general circulation model using a backward-particle tracking method. Target water masses are the Tropical Water (TW), the Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW), the Subtropical Mode Water (STMW), and lighter variety of the Central Mode Water (L-CMW). Each particle is classified as a typical water mass according to its physical properties in the subduction area, and into eddy and non-eddy components based on the Okubo–Weiss parameter. During subduction, each water mass tends to be located in anticyclonic eddies rather than cyclonic eddies. The effects of eddies on the spatial distribution of water mass and the time taken by the water mass to reach the 137 E section differ for each water mass. For the TW, the water mass in the mesoscale eddies tends to be distributed along the eastward Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC), which moves eastward from the 137 E to Hawaii. The eddy component takes lesser time to reach the 137 E section as compared to the non-eddy component. For ESTMW, a similar pattern appears around STCC but its effect is confined to the west of Hawaii. For STMW, subduction and distribution occur predominantly in anticyclonic eddies. A part of L-CMW crosses the Kuroshio Extension when cyclonic eddies are pinched off from the troughs of the Kuroshio Extension, reaching the 137 E section within 2 years.
FIRST STEPS IN ESTIMATING THE TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE FOR LANDSLIDE HAZARD MITIGATION ON NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM LANDS

Recent research using an economic valuation method indicates that landslide mitigation programs have positive benefits to American society as measured by citizens’ willingness to contribute money to support such programs. This research also indicates that U.S. National Forest Service district rangers assign positive benefits to landslide mitigation programs as measured by their willingness to allocate a portion of management budgets to such programs. The general public is not risk-averse in having business decisions completed by federal managers and these line officers are willing to take measured risk in managing the large landslide natural resources. An individual or group that is risk-averse will pay to reduce a risk. In some cases of landslide management the public or manager is unwilling to assume any risk associated in mitigating the landslide hazard due to the perceived costs. A result is the avoidance of any landslide management and the public lands are set aside, for example, as wilderness or habitat protection areas. Therefore the economic values of both the public and agency managers are important in understanding the landslide economics. In order to evaluate the landslide economics, an accurate landslide inventory must be completed to perform a benefit cost analysis of the different types of landslide identification and mitigation methods. With the advent of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology the accuracy of a landslide inventory increases due to the ability of LiDAR to “remove” vegetation from digital elevation models used in the inventory process. This new technology is popular amongst landslide scientists and decision-makers, but no work has been completed to assess its economic viability through a benefit-cost analysis. Research is being completed in a small watershed to test the reliability of LiDAR for identifying landslides associated with previous timber harvesting, mining and other ground disturbance activities. An evaluation can then be completed for the net public benefits (public benefits minus the cost of LiDAR) and net agency returns. In this benefit-cost analysis, a computation of the net public returns or value of LiDAR technology will be compared to the general public benefits. The general public benefits are estimated from the economic valuation survey results. These benefits are then compared to the agency costs of implementing this technology. Likewise a computation is made of the net agency returns or value of LiDAR technology. This is done by comparing the ranger-perceived benefits of this technology to the actual costs of implementation. These comparisons will be made on a per landslide acre basis or other units of measure. INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effectiveness of Light Detection and Ranging technology for identifying the location of geological hazards within a watershed; and 2) to evaluate the total economic value (TEV) of applying this technology.
Equitization and Operating and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Vietnamese Companies

The paper evaluates the impacts of equitization on firm performance. Besides preand postprivatization comparison method of Megginson (1994), this study uses propensity score matching and difference-in-difference methods in order to overcome the selection bias and the inadequateness to pick out the equitization effect from the coexisting effects of other economic factors. We find that equitization can consistently enhance the firm performance in terms of profitability and sales efficiency in exchange for employment security. This strong evidence of profitability and sales efficiency increase is also found in our subsamples of equitized SMEs and large businesses despite some dissimilarities in net income efficiency and output. Our findings imply that equitization plays a vital role in enhancing the performance of Vietnamese state-owned enterprises.
University of Birmingham Developing A Simulation Toolbox For Biomedical Plenoptic Imaging

Plenoptic imaging allows a user to gain 3-D information from a single acquisition. A toolbox is presented with uniﬁed plenoptic simulation, rendering, and reconstruction, which allows the possibility for complete in silico exploration of potential designs and applications. The example of 3-D ﬂuorescence microscopy is explored with plenoptic tomographic reconstruction.
ONLINE MARKETING ACCESSIBILITY AND BEHAVIOR AMONG BATIK ENTREPRENEURS IN LAWEYAN, SURAKARTA, CENTRAL JAVA

In this study, researchers are evaluating the accessibility of online marketing, the most preferable online shops among consumers and the income earned each month generated through it. This research is using a qualitative method on respondents from the batik entrepreneurs’ in Laweyan, Surakarta, Central Java. The primary and secondary data are collected at every research stage. Those data are further analyzed using interactive model data analysis. As a result, it was concluded that batik entrepreneurs in Laweyan are actively engaged with social media, but only a few of them are capable to utilize it for their marketing activities. The main reason is due to the limited human resource capable to run an online shop effectively, therefore most of them prefer to sell their goods in a traditional offline store basis. It is very unfortunate, because we also discovered that among batik entrepreneurs who already applied online marketing, their income has increased significantly. From this research, we suggest batik entrepreneurs in Laweyan, Surakarta, Central Java to actively use online shop as an option to market and distribute their product. They could spare some time, at least once a week, to update their business social media, ecommerce page, or business website. By doing this, batik entrepreneurs could increase their income and wider their business.
SCCmec typing of clinical isolates Staphylococcus haemolyticus

A total number of 38 clinical strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus originally obtained from Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang Selangor, were used in this study. The antimicrobial susceptibility of these nosocomial pathogens was tested against penicillin and cefoxitin. Except for one strain (B200) which was sensitive, the rest of the isolates were resistant to penicillin. Similarly, only one strain (F4) was sensitive against oxacillin while the rest were resistant. For cefoxitin, 34 or 89.5% of the isolates were resistant to this antibiotic and classified as Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MRSH). Amplification of the mecA gene showed among the MRSH strains 19 or 55.9% harbour the mecA gene but 15 or 44.1% were found negative for this gene. This could be due to the mec gene complex which does not only consist of the mecA gene but could also harbour other classes of mec genes such as mecB, mecC, mecD or mecE. However, one of the Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MSSH) strains susceptible against cefoxitin was also found to harbour the mecA gene. All the 20 isolates positive for mecA gene were further subjected to Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) type I, II, III, IV and V. The results showed that two or 10.0% of the strains (B14 and R27) expressed SCCmec type II while only one isolate (P29) expressed SCCmec type III. For the remaining 17 isolates, SCCmec typing was not detected suggesting that these isolates do not harbour SCCmec I, IV or V. Hence, there is a possibility that these isolates carry other types of SCCmec.
OPPOSITIONAL BRAND LOYALTY IN ONLINE BRAND COMMUNITIES: PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY AND CONSUMER-BRAND RELATIONSHIP

Oppositional brand loyalty is a psychological phenomenon observed among members of a brand community who hold negative and opposing views about rival brands, and even exhibit antagonistic behaviors towards those brands. The research of oppositional brand loyalty is in its infancy and requires deeper investigation. This study employs social identity theory and consumer-brand relationship as a theoretical framework to verify the formation process of oppositional brand loyalty. Using a sample of online automobile communities in Taiwan, we collected 232 valid samples and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. The results indicate that members who identify with their online brand community develop brand commitment and self-brand connection, which lead to oppositional brand loyalty. Furthermore, brand commitment partially mediated and self-brand connection fully mediated the relationship between brand community identification and oppositional brand loyalty. Based on these findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.