Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a Causal Role of Obesity in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Obesity has been posited as an independent risk factor for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but establishing causality from observational data is problematic. We aimed to test whether obesity is causally related to DKD using Mendelian randomization, which exploits the random assortment of genes during meiosis. In 6,049 subjects with type 1 diabetes, we used a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) comprised of 32 validated BMI loci as an instrument to test the relationship of BMI with macroalbuminuria, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or DKD de ﬁ ned as presence of macroalbuminuria or ESRD. We compared these results with cross-sectional and longitudinal observational associations. Longitudinal analysis demon-strated a U-shaped relationship of BMI with development of macroalbuminuria, ESRD, or DKD over time. Cross-sectional observational analysis showed no association with overall DKD, higher odds of macroalbuminuria (for every 1 kg/m 2 higher BMI, odds ratio [OR] 1.05, 95% CI 1.03 – 1.07, P < 0.001), and lower odds of ESRD (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93 – 0.97, P < 0.001). Mendelian randomization analysis showed a 1 kg/m 2 higher BMI conferring an increased risk in macroalbuminuria (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11 – 1.45, P = 0.001), ESRD (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20 – 1.72, P < 0.001), and DKD (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.17 – 1.51, P < 0.001). Our results provide genetic evidence for a causal link between obesity and DKD in type 1 diabetes. As obesity prevalence rises, this ﬁ nding predicts an increase in DKD prevalence unless intervention should occur.
Studies of Schizophrenia: Pedigrees, DNA Markers, and Statistical Analyses

A current overview of the genetics of schizophrenia is presented. Recently reported linkage studies of schizophrenia using polymorphic DNA markers are discussed and critically evaluated. Linkage studies of schizophrenia that we are currently undertaking are described, and the rationale underlying the specific strategies that we are using is explained. Our major focus is on extended pedigrees ascertained in Ireland containing a high density of schizophrenic cases, but we are also planning to use the technique of homozygosity mapping in an attempt to localize a recessively inherited gene that may be segregating in consanguineous families ascertained in Saudi Arabia. Issues relating to diagnostic criteria, the choice of which DNA markers to type with the highest priority, and appropriate statistical methodology are also considered. finding in liability to
Segmentation of Brain

based opiimi-7ation methocts can he trapped b.v tocal extrema in the process qf'optimiiing the clustering ci'iterion. 7Viqy are aiso vefy sensitive to initiali"7ation. 711ie proposed algorithm uses GA to optimize the tnodijiedjuzri;v (L,J c-means . function. 77ie genetic algorithm approach is abte to . find the lowest knou,n
Distributed Situation Recognition in Industry 4.0

—In recent years, advances in the Internet of Things led to new approaches and applications, for example, in the domains Smart Factories or Smart Cities. However, with the advantages such applications bring, also new challenges arise. One of these challenges is the recognition of situations, e.g., machine failures in Smart Factories. Especially in the domain of industrial manufacturing, several requirements have to be met in order to deliver a reliable and efﬁcient situation recognition. One of these requirements is distribution in order to achieve high efﬁciency. In this article, we present a layered modeling approach to enable distributed situation recognition. These layers include the modeling, the deployment, and the execution of the situation recognition. Furthermore, we enable tool support to decrease the complexity for domain users.
DESIGN OF FINFET

-- Since the fabrication of MOSFET, the minimum channel length has been shrinking continuously. As devices shrink further and further, the problems with conventional (planar) MOSFETs are increasing. Industry is currently at the 90nm node (i.e., DRAM half metal pitch, which corresponds to gate lengths of about 70nm). As we go down to the 65nm, 45nm, 32NM, 22nm, 14nm etc., nodes, there seem to be no viable options of continuing forth with the conventional MOSFET. The motivation behind this decrease has been an increasing interest in high speed devices and in very large scale integrated circuits. The sustained scaling of conventional bulk device requires innovations to circumvent the barriers of fundamental physics constraining the conventional MOSFET device structure.
Timing properties of hand gestures and their lexical counterparts at turn transition places

Looking at gestures as a means for com-munication, they can serve conversational participants at several levels. As co-speech gestures, they can add infor-mation to the verbally expressed content and they can serve to manage turn-tak-ing. In order to look closer at the interplay between these resources in face-to-face conversation, we annotated hand gestures, syntactic completion points and the related turn-organisation, and measured the timing of gesture strokes and their lexical/phrasal referent. In a case study on German, we observe the trend that speakers vary less in gesture-lexis on- and offsets when keeping the turn after syntactic completions than at speaker changes, backchannel or other locations of a conversation. This indi-cates that timing properties of non-ver-bal cues interact with verbal cues to manage turn-taking.
PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS UBERIS ISOLATED FROM MASTITIC COW'S MILK

A total number of 240 milk samples was collected from clinical (88 quarter milk samples; QMS), subclinical (108 QMS) and bulk tank (44 BTM) cow's milk selected from different dairy farms for detection of some phenotypic virulence factors and some putative virulence associated genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the isolated S. uberis strains. Also detection of antibiotic resistance for the isolated strains using conventional assay was applied. Using biochemical tests and molecular assay, the confirmed S. uberis strains was 48 out of 74 Streptococcus species (64.9%). The % of S. uberis isolation from the total examined milk samples was 20%. The higher S. uberis incidence was detected in bulk tank milk samples (45.5%) followed by clinical and subclinical milk samples (18.2 % and 11.1%, respectively). In studying the phenotypic virulence factors of the collected S. uberis isolates, it was found that β-haemolysis and positive CAMP factor like reaction were detected in only 6.25% of S. uberis isolates for each of them, while slime production as indicator for biofilm formation was detected in 75% of these isolates. A total of 48 isolates was tested for their in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity. Some of the isolates were highly sensitive to a limited number of antibiotics. On the other hand, the majority of the isolates were highly resistant to a large number of other antibiotics. In studying the genotypic virulence genes, gapC gene was detected in all the isolated strains of S. uberis while oppF , cfu and sau genes were detected in 93.8%, 68.8% and 62.5%, respectively. On the contrary, lbp gene couldn't be detected in any of the isolated strains of S. uberis . At least 2 of the five different virulence genes were detected in each isolate of S. uberis . There were some strains harboring 4 virulence genes and the higher rate of these strains was detected in that isolated from clinical mastitis. Moreover, the higher strains harboring 3 virulence genes were detected in that isolated from subclinical mastitis. In conclusion, it was observed that S. uberis should be given a great concern as a threat for the dairy cows. As it caused both clinical and subclinical mastitis as well as it was isolated with high percentage in BTM. Moreover, this pathogen nowadays emerges as resistance to different antimicrobial agents especially for those commonly utilized. Furthermore, S. uberis harbors different virulence factors and genes that capable it to persist in the mammary gland of the dairy animals for a long time and speeding of infection from cow to cow may occur resulting in higher prevalence rates of infection between different dairy farms.
Characterisation of conichalcite by SEM, FTIR, Raman and electronic reflectance spectroscopy of conichalcite by SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy.

Characterisation and electronic reflectance Mineralogical Magazine 69(2):155-167. ABSTRACT The mineral conichalcite from Bagdad mine- West of, Bagdad, Eureka District, Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA has been characterised by electronic, Near-IR, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. SEM micrographs show the mineral consists of bundles of fibres. Calculations of the EDX analyses on the stoichiometric basis show the substitution of arsenate by 12 wt % of phosphate in the mineral. Raman and infrared bands are assigned in terms of the fundamental modes of AsO 43- and PO 43- molecules and are related to the mineral structure. Near-IR reflectance spectroscopy shows the presence of adsorbed water and hydroxyl units in the mineral. The Cu(II) coordination polyhedron in conichalcite can have at best pseudo-tetragonal geometry. The crystal field and tetragonal field parameters of Cu(II) complex were calculated and found to agree well with the values reported for known tetragonal distortion octahedral complexes.
Quantum engineering of collective states in semiconductor nanostructures

This work focuses on the many-body properties of semiconductor nanostructures for quantum engineering of infrared optoelectronic devices. In particular, we theoretically investigate the optical response accounting for collective effects in systems of tunnel-coupled quantum wells. A clear manifestation of these effects appears in the optical spectrum of highly doped quantum wells, where the absorption peaks are at completely different energies with respect to the single-particle electronic transitions. We calculate light-matter interaction in two steps. First, we consider the microscopic polarization associated with the electronic transitions between confined levels of the wells, which are all coupled by dipole-dipole Coulomb interaction. Then we calculate the interaction of the resulting collective states with the electromagnetic field. The absorption spectrum is finally expressed in terms of microscopic currents, describing the collective charge oscillations. The theoretical model is applied to a series of relevant systems, and its outcomes are compared with experimental results. As the collective states are issued from the coherent superposition of several electronic excitations, they have the properties of superradiant states. They are thus a promising entity for the realization of efficient light emitters in the mid- and far-infrared frequency range.
Identification of a role for histone H2B ubiquitylation in non-coding RNA 3’-end formation through mutational analysis of Rtf1 in S. cerevisiae

1 Identification of a role for histone H2B ubiquitylation in non-coding RNA 3’-end formation through mutational analysis of Rtf1 in S. cerevisiae Brett N. Tomson, Christopher P. Davis, Marcie H. Warner, Karen M. Arndt Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 Genetics: Published Articles Ahead of Print, published on March 24, 2011 as 10.1534/genetics.111. 128645
AN OVERVIEW ON PHARMACEUTICAL COCRYSTALS

The cocrystal production and properties are intricate in different ways. It exhibits properties corresponding to dissolution rate, melting point, solubility, chemical stability etc. The crystal engineering has been applied to API’s as an implication to pharmaceutical cocrystal which has been increasingly recognized as an attractive option to polymorph, salts, solvates and crystal habit modifications in dosage form design. Pharmaceutical cocrystals formation has been manifested to influence the solid-state properties (solubility and bioavailability) of poorly water-soluble drugs without compromising its pharmacological activity. To date, there is no agreeable definition, what a cocrystal constitutes. This article intended to presents an overview of pharmaceutical cocrystals with different preparation methods, physicochemical properties and analytical characterization methods.
Optimal sector sampling for drive triage

With digital storage becoming cheaper, bigger, and more prevalent, finding evidence from the hard drives collected for a case is too difficult and time consuming. Simply reading an entire drive takes hours and it takes even longer to analyze the drive for deleted files and data fragments. Investigations frequently involve multiple drives, and this traditional method of reading entire drives for analysis simply cannot keep up in modern cases. Furthermore, investigators often search drives only for known files, which we call target data, that could help identify a drive holding evidence such as child pornography or malware. Triage is needed to sift through drives to quickly identify drives containing target data. One way is by randomly sampling drive data to find known files or to give a confidence that less than some small amount is present. We determine the optimal sampling strategy bypassing the file system to find even deleted files and fragments in minimum time with maximum confidence. With 15 minutes of sampling we can give a 90% confidence that less than 10MiB of target data is present on a 500GB hard disk drive. By using statistical sampling in combination with sector hashing, our software forms an efficient triage tool for digital forensics.
A Neural Network Applied to Map and to Compute Overvoltages Related to Lightning in Power Systems

: - This paper describes a novel approach for mapping overvoltages related to lightning in power system using artificial neural networks. The network acts as identifier of structural features of the grounding processes. So that output parameters can be estimated and generalized from an input parameter set. Simulation examples are presented to validate the proposed approach. More specifically, the neural networks are used to compute the overvoltages of grounding system taking into account time, waveform, soil resistivity and impulse current. The results obtained by the network are compared with other approaches also used to model grounding systems related to lightning.
Role of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in Preoperative Staging of Endometrial Cancer: A Review

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of female genitourinary tract. It is primarily the cancer of post-menopausal women that occurs mostly in women during the 6 th and 7 th decades of age. Preoperative examination may include clinical assessment, pap smear test, Trans-Vaginal Ultrasound (TVU), abdomino-pelvic CT scan and pelvic MRI. MRI can be used as the sole imaging method before surgery in patients with endometrial cancer to evaluate myometrial invasion appropriately. The staging accuracy by means of MRI in patients with endometrial cancer has been reported between 83 to 92%. According to MRI assessment, endometrial cancer can be staged by evaluating myometrial invasion, cervical, vaginal and nodal involvement. This paper comprehensively reviews the role of pre-operative MRI in endometrial cancer.
A medial-axis-based model for propagating cracks in a regularised bulk

A new continuous-discontinuous strategy for the simulation of failure is presented. The continuous bulk is regularised by means of a gradient-enhanced damage model, where non-locality is introduced at the level of displacements. As soon as the damage parameter is close or equal to 1, a traction-free crack is introduced. To determine the direction of crack growth, a new criterion is proposed. In contrast to traditional techniques, where mechanical criteria are used to define the crack path, here, a geometrical approach is used. More specifically, given a regularised damage field D(x), we propose to propagate the discontinuity following the direction dictated by the medial axis of the isoline (or isosurface in 3D) D(x) = D*. The proposed approach is tested on different two-dimensional and three-dimensional examples that illustrate that this combined methodology is able to deal with damage growth and material separation. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
review Novel formulations of taxanes: a review. Old wine in a new bottle?

Over the past two decades, the taxanes have played a signiﬁcant role in the treatment of various malignancies. However, the poor solubility of these compounds necessitates the inclusion of surfactant vehicles in their commercial formulations. Cremophor EL and polysorbate 80 have long comprised the standard solvent system for paclitaxel and docetaxel, respectively. A number of pharmacologic and biologic effects related to both of these drug formulations have been described, including clinically relevant acute hypersensitivity reactions and peripheral neuropathy. In addition, these solvents affect the disposition of intravenously administered solubilized drugs and leach plasticizers from polyvinylchloride infusion sets. A number of strategies to develop formulations of surfactant-free taxanes have been developed. They include albumin nanoparticles, polyglutamates, taxane analogs and prodrugs, emulsions, and lipsomes. An overview of these novel formulations of taxanes, their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dose and administration, adverse effects, and clinical efﬁcacy will be discussed.
Microbial functioning and community structure variability in the 1 mesopelagic and epipelagic waters of the subtropical NE Atlantic 2

26 We analyzed the regional distribution of bulk heterotrophic prokaryotic activity (leucine 27 incorporation) and selected single-cell parameters (cell viability and nucleic acid 28 content) as parameters for microbial functioning, as well as bacterial and archaeal 29 community structure in the epipelagic (0-200 m) and mesopelagic (200-1000 m) 30 subtropical Northeast Atlantic Ocean. We selectively sampled three contrasting regions 31 covering a wide range of surface productivity and oceanographic properties within the 32 same basin: (i) the eddy field south of the Canary Islands, (ii) the open-ocean 33 Subtropical Gyre and (iii) the upwelling filament off Cape Blanc. In the epipelagic 34 waters, a high regional variation in hydrographic parameters and bacterial community 35 structure was detected accompanied, however, by a low variability in microbial 36 functioning. In contrast, mesopelagic microbial functioning was highly variable 37 between the studied regions despite the homogeneous abiotic conditions found therein. 38 More microbial functioning parameters indicated differences among the three regions 39 within the mesopelagic (i.e., viability of cells, nucleic acid content, cell-specific 40 heterotrophic activity, nanoflagellate abundance, prokaryotic to nanoflagellate 41 abundance ratio) than in the epipelagic (i.e., bulk activity, nucleic acid content and 42 nanoflagellate abundance) waters. Our results show that the mesopelagic realm in the 43 NE Atlantic is, in terms of microbial activity, more heterogeneous than its epipelagic 44 counterpart, probably linked to mesoscale hydrographical variations. 45
University of Birmingham Civil aviation, air pollution and human health

Air pollutant emissions from aircraft have been subjected to less rigorous control than road traf ﬁ c emissions, and the rapid growth of global aviation is a matter of concern in relation to human exposures to pollutants, and consequent effects upon health. Yim et al (2015 Environ. Res. Lett. 3 034001) estimate exposures globally arising from aircraft engine emissions of primary particulate matter, and from secondary sulphates and ozone, and use concentration-response functions to calculate the impact upon mortality, which is monetised using the value of statistical life. This study makes a valuable contribution to estimating the magnitude of public health impact at various scales, ranging from local, near airport, regional and global. The results highlight the need to implement future mitigation actions to limit impacts of aviation upon air quality and public health. The approach adopted in Yim et al only accounts for the air pollutants emitted by aircraft engine exhausts. Whilst aircraft emissions are often considered as dominant near runways, there are a number of other sources and processes related to aviation that still need to be accounted for. This includes impacts of nitrate aerosol formed from NO x emissions, but probably more important, are the other airport-related emissions from ground service equipment and road traf ﬁ c. By inclusion of these, and consideration of non-fatal impacts, future research will generate comprehensive estimates of impact
Potato mop-top virus co-opts the stress sensor HIPP26 for long-distance movement

33 Virus entry to the vascular system is a vital process in the initiation of a systemic infection. 34 Virus movement proteins (MP) are key to this and the potato mop-top virus (PMTV) MP, 35 TGB1, is involved in long distance movement of both viral ribonucleoprotein complexes and 36 virions. Analysis of TGB1 interactions with host Nicotiana benthamiana proteins revealed a 37 novel interaction with a member of the h eavy metal associated i soprenylated p lant p rotein 38 family, HIPP26, thought to act as a plasma membrane to nucleus abiotic stress signalling 39 relay. NbHIPP26 promoter-reporter fusions revealed vascular tissue specific expression with 40 NbHIPP26 gene expression being upregulated by drought and PMTV infection. In addition, 41 PMTV infection protected plants from drought. and non-lipidated
ORIGINAL Construction of a n Exponentially-Fitted Multiderivative Milne-Simpson Method

:Introduction: Application of classical methods to oscillatory problems is significantly hindered due to the fact that very small step size is required with corresponding decrease in performance, especially in terms of efficiency. Aim: The aim of this work is to construct a class of two–step exponentially– fitted Milne–Simpson’s methods involving first and second derivatives. Methods: This construction is based on the six-step flow chart described in the literature. Here, a classical multi–derivative Milne–Simpson’s method is constructed and fitted exponentially to allow for easy application to oscillatory or periodic problems. Results: This work extends the classical two-step fourth-order Milne-Simpson’s method to involve the second derivative and hence increasing the attainable order of the method, the extended method is also fitted exponentially. Conclusion: The constructed class of methods is shown to be of order of six (6) and well suited for oscillatory problems.
IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL HIGH (cid:487) AFFINITY CYTOPLASMIC ASPARAGINYL (cid:487) TRNA SYNTHETASE INHIBITORS USING DOCKING AND MOLECULAR SIMULATION

Objective: To identify potential molecule, which can act as inhibitor for target asparaginyl tRNA synthetase (AsnRS) to treat Lymphatic filariasis. Methods: Computational tools used in identifying potential molecule using ZINC pharmer. Consensus docking approach followed to validate the poses and to remove any false positives from the pool of the molecule screened. Molecules docked in high throughput manner using Vina and top 10% of highest scoring molecules selected which shows less than 2Å RMSD difference in the top pose predicted by both Autodock4 and Vina. Molecular dynamics simulations performed on molecules showing best interaction based on their binding energy and hydrogen bond formation. Results: Eleven molecules identified which act as potential hit for the AsnRS to treat Lymphatic filariasis. Conclusion: We were able to identify potential hit molecules for Lymphatic filariasis. These molecules seem suitable candidate to undergo in-vitro testing.