Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS IN HIGH-PENETRATION CLUSTERS FOR DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS AND MINI-GRIDS

This paper presents the results to date on international experience and measurement campaigns on power quality analyses and the examination of grid stability of electric networks with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) generation. Field data from participating International Energy Agency (IEA) member countries that are part of R&D collaboration within the IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems (PVPS) implementing agreement are reviewed. Inherent characteristics and network configurations employed worldwide in several grid-connected PV clusters and autonomous PV mini-grids developments are discussed and major observations on power quality impacts are summarized. The focus of the paper is to summarize information on the current knowledge and previous experiments with these systems to identify areas for further investigation and technology enhancement that enable development of high penetration PV networks. In addition, the results from voltage analysis case studies are presented. The studies consider effects of design practices and location selection on rate of change of the voltage caused by load and generation variations in the PV cluster. This supports the work plan of the new IEA PVPS Task group 11 on PV-hybrid systems within mini-grids.
Free-Space Optical Data Bus for Spacecraft

Our work applies optical backplane technology to the spacecraft data bus by implementing a free-space data bus suitable for the spacecraft environment. A free-space communications bus has a number of advantages, including ease of integration, ease of debugging, and lack of data harnesses. It is recognized that the free-space cavity design for an optical bus may not be suitable for all spacecraft architectures. The project had two components. The first was to model a possible packaging concept for a nanosatellite configuration proposed by NASA. In this model the energy transmission between the emitters and receivers was modeled to determine their performance parameters. To support the modeling effort, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function was measured on a number of materials and surface conditions including aluminum, sandblasted aluminum, and Delrin. In the second part of the project, we modeled and built technology demonstrators that implemented the MILSTD-1553 and multi-drop RS-232 bus protocols using infrared (IR) emitters and receivers located in an optical cavity.
Foraging behavior of heritage versus recently introduced herbivores on desert landscapes of the American Southwest.

Since the 1800s managed grasslands and shrublands of the arid American Southwest have been grazed predominantly by cattle originally bred for temperate climates in northern Europe. A heritage breed, the criollo cattle, has survived in northern Mexico for more than 400 years under desert-like conditions of low and variable rainfall, hot temperatures in the growing season, and both spatially and temporally scarce levels of primary production. We tested the hypothesis that the heritage breed has a broader spatial foraging distribution under harsh environmental conditions, and that its distribution is driven by environmental variables which differ from those that control the distribution of the introduced European breed. Movements of individual criollo and Angus breed animals were monitored autonomously in the northern Chihuahuan desert of southern New Mexico, USA. Georeferenced foraging locations acquired at 5-minute intervals for each animal were fit to a logistic regression using environmental factors as p.
Comparison of descriptions of continuous-time and teletraffic systems

In a fundamental book [5] on the so-called network calculus and research papers using this technique, as for example those cited in this paper, the notion of causal linear time-invariant teletraffic systems (networks) is used. It has been mentioned in [5] that these systems are analogous to the causal linear time-invariant systems (circuits) described by integral convolution (or convolution sum in the case of discrete ones) in classical systems theory. Note that networks considered in the network calculus are described by other type of convolution that uses the infimum operation. Moreover, the algebra used in the above technique is also different. This is the so-called min-plus (or max-plus) algebra. Therefore, it is not obvious that the teletraffic systems (networks) described by the infimum convolution fulfill the following basic properties: linearity, causality, time-invariance, associativity and commutativity of their convolution operator, known from the classical theory of systems. The objective of this paper is to prove or show in detail that the above properties hold.
Financial Deepening and Economic Growth in Nigeria: an Application of Cointegration and Causality Analysis

The study investigates the impact of financial deepening on economic growth in Nigeria. The study examines the causal relationship between financial deepening and Economic Growth in Nigeria for the period 1990-2011. The stationarity properties of the data and the order of integration of the data were tested using both the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and the Phillip-Perron (PP) test. The variables tested stationary at first differences. The Johansen approach of cointegration was applied to test for the long-run relationship among the variables. The result indicated four (4) cointegrating relations between the variables; the Granger-causality suggests that there is unidirectional causality running from economic growth to financial deepening in Nigeria. The study concludes that financial deepening has an impact on economic growth in Nigeria. This implies that developing the financial sector in Nigeria, improves financial structures and ensures efficient delivery of financial services to the private sector to invest to attract more private sector participation for increase output. The study recommends that policy makers should design the policies which will promote the financial and capital markets by removing obstacles that impede their growth and strengthen for healthy and competitive financial system.
What Do Donors Want? Heterogeneity by Party and Policy Domain (Research Note)

Influential theories indicate concern that campaign donors exert outsized political influence. However, little data documents what donors actually want from government; and existing research largely neglects donorsâ€™ views on individual issues. We argue there should be significant heterogeneity by party and policy domain in how donorsâ€™ views diverge from citizens. We support this argument with the largest survey of U.S. partisan donors to date, including an oversample of the largest donors. We find that Republican donors are much more conservative than Republican citizens on economic issues, whereas their views are similar on social issues. By contrast, Democratic donors are much more liberal than Democratic citizens on social issues, whereas their views are more similar on economic issues. Both partiesâ€™ donors are more pro-globalism than their citizen counterparts. We replicate these patterns in an independent dataset. These patterns can help inform significant debates about representation, inequality, and populism in American politics.
Uniaxially Aligned Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and Carbon Nanofiber Yarns through Electrospinning of a Precursor

Nanofibers made of conducting or semiconducting polymers have been extensively studied from both fundamental and technological aspects to understand their intrinsic electrical and mechanical properties and practical use for elecctromagnetic interference shielding, conducting textiles, and applications to high-sensitive sensors and fast-responsive actuators utilizing their high speccific surface area (Okuzaki, 2006). Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) has been paid considerable attention due to its properties of electrical conductivity, electroor photoluminescence, and non-linear optical response, which have potential applications in electrical and optical devices, such as light-emitting diodes (Burrourghes et al., 1991), solar cells (Sariciftci et al., 1993), and field-effect transistors (Geens et al., 2001). Most of the work with regard to PPV exploits thin coatings or cast films (Okuzaki et al., 1999), while a few reports have been investigated on PPV nanofibers by chemical vapor deposition polymerization with nanoporous templates (Kim & Jin, 2001). The electrospinning, a simple, rapid, inexpensive, and template-free method, capable of producing submicron to nanometer scale fibers is applied to fabricate nanofibers of conducting polymers, such as sulphuric acid-doped polyaniline (Reneker & Chun, 1996) or a blend of camphorsulfonic acid-doped polyaniline and poly(ethylene oxide) (MacDiarmid et al., 2001). However, the electrospinning is not applicable to PPV because of its insoluble and infusible nature. Although poly[2-methoxy-5-(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene], an electro-luminescent derivative of PPV, could be electrospun from 1,2-dichloroethane solution as a randomly oriented mesh, the resulting fibers were not uniform exhibiting leaflike or ribbon-like morphology due to the low viscosity limited by the polymer solubility (Madhugiri et al., 2003). On the other hand, carbon nanofibers have superior mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and large specific surface area, which are promising for various potential applications in nanocomposites such as electromagnetic interference shielding (Yang et al., 2005), rechargeable batteries (Kim et al., 2006), and supercapacitors (Kim et al., 2004). Currently, the carbon nanofibers are fabricated by a traditional vapor growth (Endo, 1988), arc discharge (Iijima, 1991), laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (Ren et al., 1998), but they involve complicated processes and high equipment costs for the fabrication. Reneker et al. fabricated carbon nanofibers by carbonization of electrospun polyacrylonitrile
Learning and processing of orthography-to-phonology mappings in a third language

ABSTRACT Bilinguals’ two languages are both active in parallel, and controlling co-activation is one of bilinguals’ principle challenges. Trilingualism multiplies this challenge. To investigate how third language (L3) learners manage interference between languages, Spanish-English bilinguals were taught an artificial language that conflicted with English and Spanish letter-sound mappings. Interference from existing languages was higher for L3 words that were similar to L1 or L2 words, but this interference decreased over time. After mastering the L3, learners continued to experience competition from their other languages. Notably, spoken L3 words activated orthography in all three languages, causing participants to experience cross-linguistic orthographic competition in the absence of phonological overlap. Results indicate that L3 learners are able to control between-language interference from the L1 and L2. We conclude that while the transition from two languages to three presents additional challenges, bilinguals are able to successfully manage competition between languages in this new context.
Maturity in Agile Software Development

This paper summarizes the main objectives, research approach, and contributions of the doctoral dissertation named as “Maturity in Agile Software Development”. It was developed in the Graduate Program in Informatics of the Pontiﬁcal Catholic University of Paran´a, from 2013 to 2015. The study was developed with the objective to characterize maturity in agile software development, as a means to guide agile teams in software process improvements. Our results contribute to the software engineering body of knowledge by showing a picture of maturity in agile teams that goes beyond deﬁning and controlling processes, as usually stated by reference models.
Role of Adipose Secreted Factors and Kisspeptin in the Metabolic Control of Gonadotropin Secretion and Puberty

© 2013 Lents et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Role of Adipose Secreted Factors and Kisspeptin in the Metabolic Control of Gonadotropin Secretion and Puberty
Chapter 6 Urban IoT Edge Analytics

The application of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm to the urban environment is of particular relevance as it responds to important societal needs and trends [1]. The push to provide solutions toward a functional and efficient Smart City architecture is demonstrated by the large number of academic and industrial endeavors, as well as initiatives from city administrations. For instance, IBM, Siemens, Cisco, ABB, Alcatel-Lucent, Toshiba, and Google have undergoing projects that aim at the development of smart interconnected systems, as well as established city-wide endeavors involving cities in the USA, Europe, and Asia [2, 3]. Current IoT architectures rely on two extremes. On the one hand, enterprise computing largely relies on hauling all the data to the cloud to leverage the costbenefits and efficiency of a high-capacity storage and compute platform in the data centers [4, 5]. On the other hand, mission-critical applications, such as self-driving cars and autonomous robots, largely rely on local computation for their decisionmaking because of stringent low latency requirements. In the urban IoT and Smart City scenarios, a city-wide deployment of IoT technologies poses several inherent conceptual and technical challenges that are not resolved by those two extreme architectures. For instance, the transportation of raw streams of data from personal mobile sensors, video surveillance systems, traffic monitoring systems, and other relevant systems to city-scale data centers would require an enormous amount of bandwidth, and energy drain from mobile devices, and would likely result in service
Functional income distribution in a small European country : The role of financialisation and other determinants

This paper makes an empirical analysis of the relationship between financialisation and the evolution of labour income share in Portugal from 1978 to 2012. We estimate an equation for the labour income share that includes standard variables (technological progress, globalisation, education and business cycle) and variables to capture the effect of financialisation. We formulate the hypothesis that the financialisation process may lead to a rise in the inequality of functional income distribution through three channels: the change in the sectorial composition of the economy (due to the increase in the weight of the financial activity and the decrease in government activity), the diffusion of shareholder value governance practices and the weakening of trade unions. Our results show that there is a long-term relationship between all variables and that the financialisation process indirectly affects the labour income share through its impact on government activity and trade union density. The paper also finds evidence supporting the traditional explanations for functional income distribution, namely globalisation, education and business cycle.
Domestic Money and US Output and Inflation

Recent empirical research found that the strong short-term relationship between monetary aggregates and US real output and inflation, as outlined in the classical study by M. Friedman and Schwartz, mostly disappeared since the early 1980s. In the light of the B. Friedman and Kuttner (1992) information value approach, we reevaluate the vanishing relationship between US monetary aggregates and these macroeconomic fundamentals by taking into account the international currency feature of the US dollar. In practice, by using official US data for foreign flows constructed by Porter and Judson (1996) we find that domestic money (currency component of M1 corrected for the foreign holdings of dollars) contains valuable information about future movements of US real output and inflation. Statistical evidence here provided thus suggests that the Friedman and Schwartz's stylized facts can be reestablished once the focus of analysis is back on the domestic monetary aggregates.
EMPIRICALLY BASED AUDITORY DISPLAY DESIGN

This paper focuses on everyday sounds and in particular on sound description, sound understanding, sound synthe- sis/modelling and on sonic interaction design. The argument made in this paper is that the quantitative-analytical reduc- tionist approach reduces a phenomenon into isolated indi- vidual parts which do not reflect the richness of the whole, as also noted by Widmer et al. ( 1). As with music, so is it for everyday sounds that multidimensional approaches and techniques from various domains are required to address the complex interplay of the various facets in these types of sounds. An empirically inspired framework for sonic interac- tion design is proposed that incorporates methods and tools from perceptual studies, from auditory display theories, and from machine learning theories. The motivation for creat- ing this framework is to provide designers with accessible methods and tools, to help them bridge the semantic gap between low-level perceptual studies and high-level semanti- cally meaningful concepts. The framework is designed to be open and extendable to other types of sound such as music.
AN EMPIRICAL FORMULA FOR THE CALCULATION OF LATTICE CONSTANTS OF OXIDE GARNETS BASED ON SUBSTITUTED YTTRIUM-AND GADOLINIUM-IRON GARNETS

An empirical formula is proposed which allows the calculation of lattice constants of cubic oxide garnets by means of the compositional parameters, the distribution of the cations on the different sets of lattice sites and the corresponding cation radii. The formula is developed assuming merely cation size effects on lattice constants for cation radii in the ranges 0.97 A < rVIII < 1.14 A for cations on dodecahedral lattice sites, 0.54 A < rVI < 0.79 A for Fe3 +-substituting cations on octahedral lattice sites and 0.28 A < rIV < 0.49 A for Fe3 +-substituting cations on tetrahedral lattice sites. Own lattice constant data and lattice constants from the literature of different series of substituted garnets in the yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) system and the gadolinium-iron-garnet (GdIG) system have been used for the derivation of the formula. The radii of the cations on dodecahedral sites and of the Fe3+-substituting cations on octahedral and tetrahedral sites have been calculated by further empirical relations for the garnet system. The agreement of measured with calculated lattice constants is about 0.01 A for the investigated garnet compositions.
Effect of the fluorescent indicator calcein on Mg and Sr incorporation into foraminiferal calcite

The development of particular analytical methods like laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) renders it possible to determine the composition of a single chamber of foraminifers tests. This is crucial in the investigation of benthic foraminifers since the growth of new chambers under laboratory conditions does not face the difficulties associated with experiments involving reproduction. The addition of chambers can be recognized by the incorporation of the fluorescent dye calcein. When added to the culture medium, previously formed chambers are not affected, and calcein is only incorporated in calcite that is formed in its presence. However, it has never been verified whether calcein affects the element incorporation into foraminiferal calcite. In order to investigate and quantify possible effects, specimens of the benthic foraminifer Ammonia tepida were cultured in the presence and absence of calcein (15°C, salinity 33), and Mg and Sr in newly formed chambers were analyzed with LA‐ICP‐MS. Magnesium concentrations of cross sections and longitudinal sections of foraminifera from the same experiment were also analyzed by electron microprobe measurements. Additionally, the impact of calcein on Mg and Sr incorporation in inorganically precipitated calcium carbonate crystals was quantified. Results show that presence of calcein does not impact the incorporation of Mg and Sr into biologically and inorganically precipitated calcium carbonate.
COMPARISON OF DAMPED OSCILLATIONS IN SOLAR AND STELLAR X-RAY FLARES

We explore the similarity and difference of the quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) observed in the decay phase of solar and stellar flares at X-rays. We identified 42 solar flares with pronounced QPPs, observed with RHESSI, and 36 stellar flares with QPPs, observed with XMM-Newton. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and least-squares fit by a damped sine function were applied to obtain the periods (P) and damping times (τ) of the QPPs. We found that (1) the periods and damping times of the stellar QPPs are 16.21 ± 15.86 minutes and 27.21 ± 28.73 minutes, while those of the solar QPPs are 0.90 ± 0.56 and 1.53 ± 1.10 minutes, respectively; (2) the ratios of the damping times to the periods ( ) observed in the stellar QPPs (1.69 ± 0.56) are statistically identical to those of solar QPPs (1.74 ± 0.77); and (3) the scalings of the QPP damping time with the period are well described by the power law in both solar and stellar cases. The power indices of the solar and stellar QPPs are 0.96 ± 0.10 and , respectively. This scaling is consistent with the scalings found for standing slow magnetoacoustic and kink modes in solar coronal loops. Thus, we propose that the underlying mechanism responsible for the stellar QPPs is the natural magnetohydrodynamic oscillation in the flaring or adjacent coronal loops, as in the case of solar flares.
Teacher Development Through Distance Education: Contrasting Visions of Radio Learning in South African Primary Schools

The initial aims of the programme were based on an interactive radio model originally applied in Nicaragua in 1974 (Perraton, 2000) and then replicated in a number of other developing countries in Latin America, Africa and Asia. Its initial radio curriculum was based on a teaching approach developed in Kenya, which was designed to raise the quality of English teaching in the first three years of primary school (Imhoof & Christensen, 1986).
Development of a Fleet of Intervention Mobile Unit for Radiological Accident Monitoring of Internal Contamination

In the event of an accident involving radioactive m aterial, there could potentially be a large number of people who require monitoring for internal contamin at on. If the release contains radionuclides which emit high-energy gamma rays then the most suitable means of providing this monitoring is whole body counting. The advantage of a mobile system over fix d in vivo monitoring facilities is that the latter may be to a considerable distance from the accident. Be sides, the mobile system will allow members of the public who may have been exposed because of their p roximity to the accident to be monitored with the minimum of delay and inconvenience. As already expl ained for medical surveillance, rapid monitoring is also important because many radionuclides which may be present are short-lived and the seriousness of the accident will need to be quickly assessed. To answer this challenge, the IRSN, the French inst itute for radiological protection and nuclear safet y, has developed a fleet of mobile unit, unique in Eur ope, able to monitoring on-site up to 2500 people p er day. This paper describes the development of these in vivo mobile laboratories. The specificities, calibration procedures and performances of these sy t ms will be presented.