Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying patients' expectations prior to bariatric surgery with the BODY‐Q in an international multicentre cohort

Many people living with obesity may have unrealistic expectations prior to undergoing bariatric surgery. These expectations can lead to frustration, regret and even worse psychological outcomes after surgery. Prior to undergoing bariatric surgery, patients completed the BODY‐Q Expectations scale. This 15‐item scale asks patients to imagine what their life will be like when 2 years have passed since bariatric surgery. Scores for expectations range from 0 (low) to 100 (high). Linear regression models were used to assess which of the patient characteristics could predict patients' expectations. From 2019 to 2020, a total of 333 patients were recruited from three different countries. The mean score on the BODY‐Q Expectations scale was 73.1, ±20. Out of the 15 items on the Expectation scale, people living with obesity found it most likely that bariatric surgery would make them feel better and improve their energy, while it was reported least likely that they would look good without clothes on. Younger age (p = <.01) and race (non‐white) (p = .046) were found to be significant predictors for higher scores on the Expectations scale. Participants who identified as non‐white from the Netherlands and United States, and those aged under 40 years reported higher expectations compared with participants who identified as white race and were 40 years of age or older. Prior to bariatric surgery, patients aged under 40 years and those who identified as non‐white for race had higher expectations that their life would change after bariatric surgery. These relevant findings should be considered when giving pre‐operative counselling.
Perceived risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring related to psychotropic and mental illness exposures in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a cross-sectional survey of women with past or current mental illness

Objectives To investigate the perceived risk of psychotropic and mental illness exposures (1) during pregnancy or (2) while breastfeeding on offspring neurodevelopment, and factors associated with this perception in women with past/current mental illness. Design Cross-sectional, web-based study. Setting Nationwide in Norway, June 2020–June 2021. Participants Women aged 18–55 years who were pregnant, recent mothers or planning a pregnancy, and had been offered antidepressants in the last 5 years. Primary and secondary outcome measures Perceived risk of prenatal and breastmilk exposure to psychotropic medications and maternal mental illness on offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes. Results We included 448 women: 234 pregnant, 146 mothers and 68 planning a pregnancy. On a 0–10 scale, women perceived antidepressants as least harmful both (1) in pregnancy (mean score 4.2, 95% CI 3.6 to 4.8) and (2) while breastfeeding (mean score 3.8, 95% CI 3.3 to 4.4), relative to antipsychotics, anxiety/sleeping medication or antiepileptics (mean score range: 6.3–6.5 during pregnancy, 5.5–6.2 while breastfeeding). Many participants were unfamiliar with psychotropics other than antidepressants. The perceived risk of mental illness exposure exceeded that of antidepressants (mean score range 5.6–5.9) in both exposure periods. Using general linear models, factors associated with greater antidepressant risk perception in both exposure periods included having lower education, non-Norwegian native language, and employment status (range mean score difference (β): 2.07–6.07). For pregnant women and mothers, there was an inverse association between perceived risk and the perceived antidepressant effectiveness in both exposure periods (range of β: −0.18 to –0.25). Conclusions In women with past/current mental illness, the perceived risk of antidepressant exposure on child neurodevelopment was lower than that for maternal mental illness. Other psychotropic medications were perceived as more harmful. As medication risk perception influences the decision-making regarding treatment of mental illness, pre- and pregnancy counselling should target women with characteristics associated with higher perceived risk.
Multiwaveband polarimetric observations of NRAO 530 on parsec-scale

We report on Very Long Baseline Array polarimetric observations of NRAO 530 at 5, 8, 15, 22 and 43 GHz made during one week in 1997 February. We present the total intensity, the fractional polarization and the electric vector position angle (EVPA) distributions at all these frequencies. A model fitting has been performed to the full polarization visibility data. From this, the fitted southernmost component A is confirmed as the core of the radio structure with relatively high brightness temperature and hard spectrum between 15 and 43 GHz in comparison with the central component B of dominant flux. The relatively high degree of polarization for the component A may arise from its complex radio structure, which can be resolved at 86 GHz. In contrast, the component B shows a well-fitted power-law spectrum with a spectral index of about-0.5 (f alpha V(alpha)), and a linear correlation between EVPAs andwavelength square with an observed rotation measure of about -1062 rad m(2), indicating its structural singleness. Assuming that the component B has a comparable degree of polarization without depolarization at these frequencies, the decrease in fractional polarization with wavelength mainly results from opacity and Faraday rotation, in which the opacity plays quite a large role. A spine-sheath-like structure in fractional polarization (m) is detected, covering almost the whole emission region at 5 and 8 GHz, with a degree of polarization relatively low along the jet spine, becoming higher towards two sides of the jet. The linear polarization at 5 GHz shows three separate polarized emission regions with alternately aligned and orthogonal polarization vectors down the jet. The polarization goes to zero between the top two regions, with the highest polarization level occurring at the top and bottom. The 5- and 8-GHz images show EVPA changes across the width of the jet as well as along the jet. These complex polarimetric properties can be explained in terms of either the presence of a large helical magnetic field or tangled magnetic fields compressed and sheared down the jet. These can be further determined by multifrequency polarimetric very long baseline interferometry observations with sufficient high resolution and sensitivity spanning an appropriate frequency range.
The solar abundance of iron : a final word!

New accurate radiative lifetimes have been measured by a laser-induced-fluorescence technique for 12 selected levels of Fe + of astrophysical interest. These new results combined with recent theoretical transition probabilities provide another contribution in order to try to solve the controversy raised during the last months concerning the content of iron in the sun. The abundance value, A Fe =7.54±0.03, obtained from an extensive sample of Fe II lines, supports the low value of the iron abundance, in agreement with the meteoritic result
Deep Learning Segmentation, Visualization, and Automated 3D Assessment of Ciliary Body in 3D Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Images

Purpose This study aimed to develop a fully automated deep learning ciliary body segmentation and assessment approach in three-dimensional ultrasound biomicroscopy (3D-UBM) images. Methods Each 3D-UBM eye volume was aligned to the optic axis via multiplanar reformatting. Ciliary muscle and processes were manually annotated, and Deeplab-v3+ models with different loss functions were trained to segment the ciliary body (ciliary muscle and processes) in both en face and radial images. Results We trained and tested the models on 4320 radial and 3864 en face images from 12 cadaver eye volumes. Deep learning models trained on radial images with Dice loss achieved the highest mean F1-score (0.89) for ciliary body segmentation. For three-class segmentation (ciliary muscle, processes, and background), radial images with Dice loss achieved the highest mean F1-score (0.75 for the ciliary process and 0.82 for the ciliary muscle). Part of the ciliary muscle (10.9%) was misclassified as the ciliary process and vice versa, which occurred owing to the difficulty in differentiating the ciliary muscle–processes border, even by experts. Deep learning segmentation made further editing by experts at least seven times faster than a fully manual approach. In eight cadaver eyes, the average ciliary muscle, process, and body volumes were 56 ± 9, 43 ± 13, and 99 ± 18 mm3, respectively. The average surface area of the ciliary muscle, process, and body were 346 ± 45, 363 ± 83, and 709 ± 80 mm2, respectively. We performed transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in cadaver eyes to shrink the ciliary processes. Both manual and automated measurements from deep learning segmentation show a decrease in volume, surface area, and 360° cross-sectional area measurements. Conclusions The proposed deep learning segmentation of the ciliary body and 3D measurements showed transscleral cyclophotocoagulation-related changes in the ciliary body. Translational Relevance Automated ciliary body assessment using 3D-UBM has the translational potential for ophthalmic treatment planning and monitoring.
Metallic Indium Monolayers on Si(111)

Density-functional calculations are used to identify one-atom-thick metallic In overlayers on the Si(111) surface, which have long been sought in quest of the ultimate two-dimensional (2D) limit of free-electron-like metallic properties. We predict two metastable single-layer In phases, one √ 7× √ 3 phase with a coverage of 1.4 monolayer (ML; here 1 ML refers to one In atom per top Si atom) and the other √ 7× √ 7 phase with 1.43 ML, which indeed match well with experimental evidences. Both phases reveal quasi-1D arrangements of protruded In atoms, leading to 2D-metallic but anisotropic band structures and Fermi surfaces. This directional feature contrasts with the free-electron-like In-overlayer properties that are known to persist up to the double-layer thickness, implying that we may have achieved the 2D limit of free-electron-like In overlayers in previous studies of double-layer In phases.
Étude des fibrations elliptiques d’une surface $K3$

Nous exploitons la possibilite pour une surface K3 elliptique d'avoir plusieurs fibrations elliptiques. Dans le cas de la courbe elliptique universelle S, consideree comme surface, sur la courbe modulaire parametrisant les courbes elliptiques avec un point d'ordre 7, certaines fibrations definies sur les rationnels ont un rang du groupe de Mordell-Weil strictement positif. Ceci permet de construire une infinite de courbes elliptiques sur les rationnels de rang superieur ou egal a 2. Dans cette these on donne 12 exemples de fibrations elliptiques et on precise le groupe de Mordell-Weil de chaque fibration. Le groupe de Neron-Severi de S, de rang 20 (surface K3 singuliere) et defini sur l'ensemble des rationnels joue un role essentiel pour cette construction. Ces fibrations sont construites par 3 methodes : la premiere a partir du graphe des fibres singulieres de S et des sections de 7-torsion, la seconde suivant une methode donnee par Elkies et la troisieme a partir de factorisations des equations. Diverses proprietes des equations sont donnees.
Evaluation of the mutagenic effects of Molnupiravir and N4‐hydroxycytidine in bacterial and mammalian cells by HiFi sequencing

Molnupiravir (MOV) is used to treat COVID‐19. In cells, MOV is converted to the ribonucleoside analog N4‐hydroxycytidine (NHC) and incorporated into the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA genome during its replication, resulting in RNA mutations. The widespread accumulation of such mutations inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 propagation. Although safety assessments by many regulatory agencies across the world have concluded that the genotoxic risks associated with the clinical use of MOV are low, concerns remain that it could induce DNA mutations in patients, particularly because numerous in vitro studies have shown that NHC is a DNA mutagen. In this study, we used HiFi sequencing, a technique that can detect ultralow‐frequency substitution mutations in whole genomes, to evaluate the mutagenic effects of MOV in E. coli and of MOV and NHC in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells and human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. In all models, exposure to these compounds increased genome‐wide mutation frequencies in a dose‐dependent manner, and these increases were mainly composed of A:T → G:C transitions. The NHC exposure concentrations used for mammalian cells were comparable to those observed in the plasma of humans who received clinical doses of MOV.
Clinical and genetic characterization of patients segregating variants in KPTN, MINPP1, NGLY1, AP4B1, and SON underlying neurodevelopmental disorders: Genetic and phenotypic expansion

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are heterogeneous genetic conditions of the central nervous system (CNS). Primary phenotypes of NDDs include epilepsy, loss of developmental skills, abnormal movements, muscle weakness, ocular anomalies, hearing problems, and macro‐ or microcephaly. NDDs occur due to variants in genes encoding proteins involved in the structure and function of CNS, thus interrupting its normal physiological role. In the study presented here, four consanguineous families (A–D), with members showing neurodevelopmental symptoms, were recruited for clinical and genetic characterization of the phenotypes. Clinical examinations, including Seguin Form Board Test (SFBT), Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS), brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV), and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, were employed to characterize the disease phenotypes. Whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by Sanger sequencing was employed to search for the genetic basis of the neurological symptoms observed in four families (A–D). Two of these families (A, B) were of Saudi Arabian origin, and two others (C, D) were of Pakistan origin. Two homozygous missense (KPTN: NM_007059.4:c.301T>G: NP_008990.2; p.(Phe101Val) and MINPP1:NM_001178118. 2:c.1202G>A: NP_001171588. 1; p.(Arg401Gln)) variants in families A and B, respectively, and two homozygous nonsense (NGLY1:NM_018297.3:c.1534_1541dup: NP_060767.2; p.(Ser515LysfsTer51) and AP4B1:NM_001253852:c.1668G>A: NP_001240781. 1; p.(Trp556X)) variants in families C and D, respectively, were identified. Interestingly, additional heterozygous nonsense variant in SON: NM_138927. 2: c. 5753_5756del: NP_620305. 3; p.(Val1918GlufsTer87) and a homozygous variant in FLG (FLG: NM_002016.2:c.7339C>T: NP_002007.1; p.(Arg2447X) were detected in families A and D, respectively. Further, we determined the deleteriousness of each variant through computational approaches. The present study expands the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of NDD‐associated genes (KPTN, MINPP1, NGLY1, and AP4B1). Moreover, additional nonsense variants (SON: c.5753_5756del and FLG: c.7339C>T) identified in two families segregating with the phenotype might explain the phenotypic variability and severity in our patients.
Emotional arousal does not modulate stimulus-response binding and retrieval effects

ABSTRACT The adaptation-by-binding account and the arousal-biased competition model suggest that emotional arousal increases binding effects for transient links between stimuli and responses. Two highly-powered, pre-registered experiments tested whether transient stimulus-response bindings are stronger for high versus low arousing stimuli. Emotional words were presented in a sequential prime-probe design in which stimulus relation, response relation, and stimulus arousal were orthogonally manipulated. In Experiment 1 (N = 101), words with high and low arousal levels were presented individually in prime and probe displays. In Experiment 2 (N = 170), a high arousing affective word was presented simultaneously with a neutral word during the prime display; in the subsequent probe display, either the arousing or the neutral word repeated or a different high versus low arousal word was shown. Data from both experiments did not demonstrate a modulation of SRBR effects by stimulus arousal and SRBR effects were of equal magnitude for word stimuli of high and low arousal levels. These null results are not in line with binding accounts that hypothesise a modulatory influence of emotional arousal on perception-action binding.
Ectopic expression of meiotic cohesin generates chromosome instability in cancer cell line

Significance This work originated from mining of cancer genome data and proceeded to analyze the effects of ectopic expression of meiotic cohesins in mitotic cells in culture. In the process, apart from conclusively answering the question on mechanisms for RAD21L toxicity and its underrepresentation in tumor transcriptomes, we found an association of meiotic cohesin binding with BORIS/CTCFL sites in the normal testis. We also elucidated the patterns and outcomes of meiotic cohesin binding to chromosomes in model cell lines. Furthermore, we uncovered that RAD21L-based meiotic cohesin possesses a self-contained chromosome restructuring activity able to trigger sustainable but imperfect mitotic arrest leading to chromosomal instability. The discovered epigenomic and genetic mechanisms can be relevant to chromosome instability in cancer.
Enzo-P / Cello: scalable adaptive mesh refinement for astrophysics and cosmology

Cello is a highly-scalable object-oriented adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) framework currently under development. While Cello is expected to be usable within multiple scientific problem domains, we specifically target specialized requirements of astrophysics and cosmology applications. Development of Cello is funded by the National Science Foundation (PHY-1104819, AST-0808184) The Cello project grew from the need to address scalability in the parallel AMR astrophysics and cosmology application Enzo [12, 41, 45]. Enzo has a long proven track record in producing new scientific results [1, 30, 36, 47]; however, its AMR design and implementation have several known scaling issues that are difficult to address without costly and invasive changes to the code. This has made it progressively more difficult for Enzo to take full advantage of the compute power of current high-end HPC platforms. While development still continues on improving Enzo's scalability, we are also implementing Enzo's physics capabilities using the Cello scalable AMR framework. The resulting "petascale" version of Enzo is called Enzo-P. In this paper we elaborate on the known scaling issues in Enzo, and how we plan to address these and other scaling issues in Cello through a combination of existing and novel approaches. Two of the more fundamental changes are to incorporate process virtualization and data-driven execution by using Charm++ [34], and to use a new variant of the "forest-of-octrees" approach for the AMR infrastructure.
Self-coupling of the Higgs boson in the processes p p →Z H H H +X and p p →W H H H +X

To gain some sense about the likelihood of measuring the Higgs boson quartic coupling, we calculate the contribution to the triple Higgs production cross section from the subprocesses $q\bar{q}\to ZHHH$ and $q\bar{q}'\to WHHH$. Our results illustrate that determining this coupling, or even providing experimental evidence that it exists, will be very difficult.
KIC 10449976: discovery of an extreme helium subdwarf in the Kepler field

Optical spectroscopy of the blue star KIC 10449976 shows that it is an extremely helium-rich subdwarf with effective temperature Teff = 40 000 ± 300 K and surface gravity log g = 5.3 ± 0.1. Radial-velocity measurements over a 5 d time-scale show an upper variability limit of ≈50 ± 20 km s−1. Kepler photometry of KIC 10449976 in both long and short cadence modes shows evidence for a periodic modulation on a time-scale of ≈3.9 d. We have examined the possibility that this modulation is not astrophysical but conclude that it is most likely real. We discuss whether the modulation could be caused by a low-mass companion, by stellar pulsations or by spots. The identification of any one of these as cause has important consequences for understanding the origin of helium-rich subdwarfs.
ESASeedPARAM: A seed treatment model for threatened and endangered bird species in the United States

The USEPA, National Marine Fisheries Service, and Fish and Wildlife Service are required to assess the risks of pesticides undergoing registration or reregistration to threatened and endangered (i.e., listed) species. Currently, the USEPA lacks a refined model to assess the risks of seed treatments to listed bird species. We developed the Endangered Species Assessment Seed Treatment Probabilistic Avian Risk Assessment Model (ESASeedPARAM) to incorporate species‐specific diets, body weights, and food ingestion rates for potentially exposed listed bird species. The model also incorporates information on dissipation of seed residues after planting, and metabolism and elimination by birds during exposure. The ESASeedPARAM estimates hourly intake from ingestion of treated seeds for up to 50 days after planting. For each simulated bird, maximum retained dose (= body burden) and maximum rolling average total daily intake are estimated for acute and chronic exposure, respectively. The model is probabilistic and estimates exposure and risk for 20 birds on each of 1000 fields. The model accounts for interfield variation in the amount of waste grain on the soil surface in tilled, reduced till, and untilled fields. To estimate the fate of each bird from acute exposure, a random value is selected from the appropriate dose–response relationship and compared with the maximum retained dose. If acute exposure exceeds the randomly chosen effects value, mortality is assumed. For chronic risk, the most sensitive No Observed Adverse Effects Level (NOAEL) and Lowest Observed Adverse Effects Level (LOAEL) for an apical endpoint (survival, growth, reproduction) are compared with maximum rolling average total daily intake. In this article, we describe a case study conducted with the ESASeedPARAM for imidacloprid used as a seed treatment on wheat and soybean. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:527–546. © 2022 SETAC
Luminosities, Masses and Star Formation Rates of Galaxies at High Redshift

Abstract There has been great progress in recent years in discovering star forming galaxies at high redshifts (z > 5), close to the epoch of reionization of the intergalactic medium (IGM). The WFC3 and ACS cameras on the Hubble Space Telescope have enabled Lyman break galaxies to be robustly identified, but the UV luminosity function and star formation rate density of this population at z = 6 − 8 seems to be much lower than at z = 2 − 4. High escape fractions and a large contribution from faint galaxies below our current detection limits would be required for star-forming galaxies to reionize the Universe. We have also found that these galaxies have blue rest-frame UV colours, which might indicate lower dust extinction at z > 5. There has been some spectroscopic confirmation of these Lyman break galaxies through Lyman-α emission, but the fraction of galaxies where we see this line drops at z > 7, perhaps due to the onset of the Gunn-Peterson effect (where the IGM is opaque to Lyman-α).