Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards ice-thickness inversion: an evaluation of global digital elevation models (DEMs) in the glacierized Tibetan Plateau

Abstract. Accurate estimates of regional ice thickness, which are generally produced by ice-thickness inversion models, are crucial for assessments of available freshwater resources and sea level rise. A digital elevation model (DEM) derived from surface topography of glaciers is a primary data source for such models. However, the scarce in situ measurements of glacier surface elevation limit the evaluation of DEM uncertainty. Hence the influence of DEM uncertainty on ice-thickness modeling remains unclear over the glacierized area of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Here, we examine the performance of six widely used and mainly global-scale DEMs: AW3D30 (ALOS – Advanced Land Observing Satellite – World 3D – 30 m; 30 m), SRTM-GL1 (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global 1 arc second; 30 m), NASADEM (NASA Digital Elevation Model; 30 m), TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement, synthetic-aperture radar; 90 m), SRTM v4.1 (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission; 90 m), and MERIT (Multi-Error-Removed Improved-Terrain; 90 m) over the glacierized TP by comparison with ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite) laser altimetry data while considering the effects of glacier dynamics, terrain factors, and DEM misregistration. The results reveal NASADEM to be the best performer in vertical accuracy, with a small mean error (ME) of 0.9 m and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 12.6 m, followed by AW3D30 (2.6 m ME and 11.3 m RMSE). TanDEM-X also performs well (0.1 m ME and 15.1 m RMSE) but suffers from serious errors and outliers on steep slopes. SRTM-based DEMs (SRTM-GL1, SRTM v4.1, and MERIT) (13.5–17.0 m RMSE) had an inferior performance to NASADEM. Errors in the six DEMs increase from the south-facing to the north-facing aspect and become larger with increasing slope. Misregistration of the six DEMs relative to the ICESat-2 footprint in most glacier areas is small (less than one grid spacing). In a next step, the influence of six DEMs on four ice-thickness inversion models – GlabTop2 (Glacier bed Topography), Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM), Huss–Farinotti (HF), and Ice Thickness Inversion Based on Velocity (ITIBOV) – is intercompared. The results show that GlabTop2 is sensitive to the accuracy of both elevation and slope, while OGGM and HF are less sensitive to DEM quality and resolution, and ITIBOV is the most sensitive to slope accuracy. NASADEM is the best choice for ice-thickness estimates over the whole TP.
UAV Photogrammetry and GIS Interpretations of Extended Archaeological Contexts: The Case of Tacuil in the Calchaquí Area (Argentina)

The scope and scientific purpose of this paper focuses on multiscale (aerial and terrestrial) photogrammetry as a support to investigations and interpretations in a multi-component archaeological site located in the Argentinian Cordillera (Calchaquí, Salta), known as Tacuil. Due to its scarce accessibility, as well as long-term problems associated with the interpretation of the visibility of this type of settlement, the use of aerial surveying was combined with the reconstruction of structures and complex soil morphologies by resorting to modern photogrammetric approaches (3D models and orthophotos). This dataset was complemented by a terrestrial survey to obtain extremely high resolution and detailed representations of archaeological features that were integrated in a GIS database. The outcome of photogrammetric surveying was fundamental in supporting the debate on the functionality of the site and his integration in a complex, socially constructed, ancient landscape. Finally, the present paper introduces the first complete map of Tacuil.
sTWEAK is a leukoaraiosis biomarker associated with neurovascular angiopathy

Leukoaraiosis (LA) refers to white matter lesions of undetermined etiology associated with the appearance and worsening of vascular pathologies. The aim is to confirm an increased frequency and intensity of LA in symptomatic patients with neurovascular pathology compared with asymptomatic subjects, and its association with circulating serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK).
Fashion Studies

Like so many other fields, the fashion industry is in a time of transformation. Growth in emerging markets, the rise of new media and social networks, and increasing pressure to develop merchandise that is produced and marketed ethically and sustainably are among the various challenges impacting the world of fashion today. Fordham’s fashion studies minor is designed to empower young people to meet these challenges with the intelligence, innovation, and humanity necessary to bring about positive change in the industry.
Intrasession Reliability Analysis for Oscillometric Blood Pressure Method Using a Digital Blood Pressure Monitor in Peruvian Population

Blood Pressure (BP) is one of the most used measured clinical parameters in health promotion and intervention. BP measures can vary due to different parameters, so we aim to study the intrasession test–retest reliability for an oscillometric method using a digital tensiometer in the Peruvian population aged over 15 with and without a diagnosis of hypertension (HT). Data were taken from the Demographic and Family Health Survey conducted in Peru in 2019. Technicians had to follow a standardized protocol on the conditions to carry out a valid and reliable measurement. Relative reliability was excellent in most cases (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.9); absolute reliability was excellent (standard error of measurement < 5%) and smallest real difference < 10% in most cases. The Bland–Altman plot showed a systematic error of 2.36 for systolic BP in men and 2.16 in women, and 0.823 for diastolic BP in men and 0.71 for diastolic BP in women. Results suggest that the oscillometric method with a digital blood pressure monitor was reliable in absolute and relative terms in this population, so it could be used as a reliable control test to measure changes after an intervention.
A conceptual review on transformation of micro‐grid to virtual power plant: Issues, modeling, solutions, and future prospects

Enhancing the balance between demand and generation with smooth performance, the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) plays a vital role in the smart distribution system. However, due to the inherent uncertainty and intermittent nature of RESs, many issues and challenges such as power quality, efficiency, stability, and reliability need to be taken care of for achieving an optimal operation. To resolve these associated problems, the virtual power plant (VPP) has been introduced and integrated with present smart distribution systems without sacrificing the grid stability and reliability along with offering many techno‐economic benefits. This article is a precise presentation of issues, modeling, effective management mechanism solutions, and prospects of VPP. In addition to that, the present status, guidelines, and standards prescribed for the VPP implementation are summarized. RESs have a significant effect on VPP framework coordination, and so one important aspect related to RESs scheduling in VPP is explained in this article. Bidding strategy optimization problems, the participation of the electric market, and technical innovation reforms are discussed in line with the VPP. This review gives a comprehensive outline of transforming micro‐grid to VPP and conveys much information to researchers, consumers, prosumers, and utility operators.
Programmable switching of soliton microcomb states in a Si3N4 micro-resonator

Soliton microcombs, relying on the double balance of dispersion and nonlinearity, as well as gain and cavity loss, are formed in the mode-locked regime of a high-quality micro-resonator. Various soliton microcomb states can provide frequency components with different repetition rates and power, satisfying a variety of applications. Programmable switching of the soliton states increases operational flexibility. Here, we report the programmable switching of soliton microcomb states in a Si3N4 micro-resonator with anomalous dispersion by using an auxiliary laser. Red-detuned pump entrance is implemented to support the reliable judgement of state switching. Single-soliton state was realized in a small frequency tuning range of the auxiliary laser while multi-soliton states can be achieved under a wide range. The achievable soliton state number is related to the relative frequency position of the auxiliary laser. We can realize more number of the soliton states when the auxiliary laser is in the middle of the tuning range.
Mathematical Modeling of Particle Size and Particle Shape of Crushing Quality for Cone Crusher

In order to quantitatively analyze and calculate crushing quality and support for cone crusher optimization design,an improved cone crusher manipulation model based on the inter-particle breakage theory is built by studying the crushing process of cone crushers,and calculation methods of particle size distribution and particle shape are under studied.The combination of the particle size distribution model and the flakiness rate model for predicting particle shape,uncovers the essential causes of inter-particle breakage of cone crushers.A rock mechanics testing system is used to do experiment to study the inter-particle breakage process of cone crushers.Mathematical models of particle size selection function,particle size breakage function,particle shape selection function and particle shape breakage function are established and parameterized by compression ratio and particle size distribution.With structural parameters and working parameters of the PYGB1121 cone crusher as input,the variation of the particle shape and size can be calculated,and the particle size distribution curve and the flakiness changed with compression ratio and production size distribution are obtained.The outcome provides theoretical models for dynamic optimization of crushing process.
Clinical Significance of BTLA, CD27, CD70, CD28 and CD80 as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Ovarian Cancer

It is very important to find new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. A total of 79 patients were enrolled in the study. The study group consisted of 37 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, and the control group consisted of 42 patients with benign ovarian lesions. Five proteins involved in the immune response were studied: BTLA, CD27, CD70, CD28, CD80. The study material was serum and peritoneal fluid. The ROC curve was plotted, and the area under the curve was calculated to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of the studied parameters. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed simultaneously using the Cox regression model. The cut-off level of CD27 was 120.6 pg/mL, with the sensitivity and specificity of 66 and 84% (p = 0.014). Unfavorable prognostic factors determined in serum were: CD27 (for PFS: HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.21–1.29, p = 0.047; for OS: HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.15–1.22, p = 0.014). Unfavorable prognostic factors determined in peritoneal fluid were: BTLA (for OS: HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.25–1.31, p = 0.033). We conclude that CD27 should be considered as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. BTLA and CD27 are unfavorable prognostic factors for ovarian cancer.
Design of thermally-tuned micro-ring resonator-based 4 x 2 encoder

In this paper, we design and demonstrate the optical encoder circuit. This device performs the function of encoding a 4- bit electrical signal into a 2-bit optical signal. The encoder structure is based on micro-ring resonator (MRRs) structures. A constant light (COS) is applied into an input port of the circuit, and depending on the electrical signals fed to heaters in MRRs; the input light is directed to different output ports. The performance of the proposed encoder is verified with the static and dynamic responses. The dynamic response of the encoder is tested up to 500Kbps. The proposed encoder is CMOS-compatible and can be manufactured using existing technologies that can be used for photonics computing and control.
Physiological responses of plants to in vivo XRF radiation damage: insights from anatomical, elemental, histochemical, and ultrastructural analyses

X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is a powerful technique for the in vivo assessment of plant tissues. However, the potential X-ray exposure damages might affect the structure and elemental composition of living plant tissues leading to artefacts in the recorded data. Herein, we exposed soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) leaves to several X-ray doses through a polychromatic benchtop microprobe X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, modulating the photon flux by adjusting either the beam size, focus, or exposure time. The structure, ultrastructure and physiological responses of the irradiated plant tissues were investigated through light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Depending on the dose, the X-ray exposure induced decreased K and X-ray scattering intensities, and increased Ca, P, and Mn signals on soybean leaves. Anatomical analysis indicated necrosis of the epidermal and mesophyll cells on the irradiated spots, where TEM images revealed the collapse of cytoplasm and cell-wall breaking. Furthermore, the histochemical analysis detected the production of reactive oxygen species, as well as inhibition of chlorophyll autofluorescence in these areas. Under certain X-ray exposure conditions, e.g., high photon flux and exposure time, XRF measurements may affect the soybean leaves structures, elemental composition, and cellular ultrastructure, and induce programmed cell death. These results shed light on the characterization of the radiation damage, and thus, help to assess the X-ray radiation limits and strategies for in vivo for XRF analysis. Highlight By exposing soybean leaves to several X-ray doses, we show that the characteristic X-ray induced elemental changes stem from plants’ physiological signalling or responses rather than only sample dehydration.
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Combined Phycocyanin and Palmitoylethanolamide in Human Lung and Prostate Epithelial Cells

Inflammation involving the innate and adaptive immune systems is a normal response to infection; however, when allowed to continue unchecked, inflammation may result in several pathologies. Natural molecules with antioxidant properties can target the key players of inflammation and exert beneficial health effects. In this study, human normal bronchial (Beas-2B) and prostate (HPrEpiC) epithelial cell lines were exposed to infectious stimulation and treated with phycocyanin (PC) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), with the aim of demonstrating the enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the combination. The cotreatment protected from cytotoxicity and greatly abated both the production of radical oxygen species (ROS) and the transcription of several inflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress and inflammation were curtailed by affecting three main pathways: (1) inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme and consequent decrease of signaling generating ROS; (2) increased synthesis of glutathione and therefore strengthening of the natural antioxidant defenses of the cells; (3) decreased infection-driven mitochondrial respiratory burst which generates oxidative stress. Based on the mounting interest in using nutraceuticals as adjuvants in the clinical practice, the present study unveils new mechanisms of action and enhanced efficacy of PC and PEA, supporting the possible exploitation of this combination in human disorders.
Impact of mycorrhization on transplanting stress and the juvenile growth of an Ivorian forest species Guibourtia ehie (Fabaceae, (A. Chev.) J. Leonard)

Ivorian forest has been experiencing degradation for several decades despite reforestation efforts. The main cause of the failure of reforestation policies is an important mortality at the time of planting (transplanting stress). To remedy this problem, mycorrhization technology based on the beneficial effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could provide a sustainable solution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of AMF inocula (local and commercial inoculum) on the juvenile growth of a Côte d'Ivoire forest species ( Guibourtia ehie ). Vegetative growth parameters and mineral nutrition (N, P, K, and Ca) were evaluated. After 150 days of cultivation, the plants treated with the local inoculum had the highest mycorrhization frequencies (75%) and intensities (21.23%). Also for growth parameters (height, number of leaves, leaf area, and crown diameter) and for nitrogen and potassium contents, the plants treated with the local polyspecific inoculum had the highest values compared to the plants treated with the commercial inoculum and the control plants. Mycorrhization improved mineral nutrition as well as vegetative growth of G. ehie seedlings. The integration of mycorrhizal inoculation from local strains in reforestation policies could be a sustainable solution for the recolonization of degraded forests by endangered species.
Room Temperature Consolidation of Al and B4C Composite Powder by Equal Channel Angular Pressing

The aim at the present work is to study the consolidation behavior of Al and B4Ccomposite powder processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) at room temperature. The composition of the composite powder is 95 wt% Al and 5 wt% B4C. The Al-B4C composite powder is subjected to ECAP through processing route A up to 4 passes. The ECAP die used for densification has 90° channel angle and 20° corner angle. It is found that the density and hardness of the composite are improved as the ECAP passes is increased. The microstructure is homogeneous and partial fragmentation of reinforcement is observed. Density and hardness measured after four ECAP are 97% and 98 HV. The improvement of density and hardness is the due strain enhances consolidation of powders during ECAP.
Fabrication and characterization of liquid-core hydrogel optical fiber

This article introduces a new type of liquid-core hydrogel optical fiber preparation method, the structure of the liquid core hydrogel optical fiber is composed of an ultra-high refractive index liquid core, a high refractive index inner cladding and a low refractive index outer cladding. Since the refractive index of the liquid core is greater than the refractive index of the cladding, light can be propagated in the liquid-core by the principle of total reflection. The light energy of the liquid-core hydrogel optical fiber is mainly distributed in the liquid-core region. Compared with the solid core and hollow core hydrogel optical fiber prepared from the same material, the hydrogel optical fiber has a lower optical loss rate. Compared with traditional quartz optical fiber, the optical fiber has simple preparation method, low manufacturing cost, and good material flexibility. Due to the high biocompatibility of the hydrogel material, the optical fiber can be applied to optical sensing in a wider range of fields; In addition, the hydrogel material has good flexibility and expandability, can be compatible with the existing optical fiber system, and has good application prospects in the fields of biochemical detection, light transmission in vivo, and so on.
Mediating role of formalization of RM methods among the perceived business risk and organization performance

Abstract The rapid changes in technology and globalization lead to mediating role in formalization of RM methods among perceived business risk and organization performance. Questionnaire distributed among 301 financial professionals of selected industries and duly filled questionnaires received back 204. Pilot study was conducted at 96 responses to check the validity and reliability of instrument. Questionnaire distributed among CFOs/Finance managers/Risk Managers of selected industries. The study results imply that the performance of the organization has a significant positive relationship with all components of perceived Business risk (PBR) such as economic factors, financial indicators, technological change, political uncertainty, and market competition. It is also found that the Formalization of RM Methods mediates among the component of PBR and organization performance. The results provide meaningful insights for managers, which are used generally by any organization as a guideline to improve the organization’s performance.
Preparation of Silicon-Carbon-Graphene Composites and their Application to Lithium Ion Secondary Battery

Recently, high electrochemical performance anode materials for lithium ion secondary batteries are of interest. Here, we present silicon-carbon-graphene (Si-C-GR) composites for high performance anode materials of lithium ion secondary battery (LIB). Aerosol process and heat-treatment were employed to prepare the Si-C-GR composites using a colloidal mixture of silicon, glucose
Machine learning-based automatic sleep apnoea and severity level classification using ECG and SpO2 signals

Abstract Sleep apnoea is a potentially serious sleep disorder that is characterised by repetitive episodes of breathing interruptions. Traditionally, sleep apnoea is commonly diagnosed in an attended sleep laboratory setting using polysomnography (PSG). The manual diagnosis of sleep apnoea using PSG is, however complex, and time-consuming, as many physiological variables are usually measured overnight using numerous sensors attached to patients. In PSG sleep laboratories, an expert human observer is required to work overnight, and the diagnosis accuracy is dependent on the physician’s experience. A quantitative and objective method is required to improve the diagnosis efficacy, decrease the complexity and diagnosis time and to ensure a more accurate diagnosis. The purpose of this study was then to develop an automatic sleep apnoea and severity classification using a simultaneously recorded electrocardiograph (ECG) and saturation of oxygen (SpO2) signals based on a machine learning algorithm. Different ECG and SpO2 time domain and frequency domain features were extracted for training different machine learning algorithms. For sleep apnoea classification, an accuracy of 99.1%, specificity of 98.1% and sensitivity of 100% were achieved using a support vector machine (SVM) based on combined ECG and SpO2 features. Similarly, for severity classification, an 88.9% accuracy, 90.9% specificity and 85.7% sensitivity have been obtained. For both apnoea and severity classification, using the combined features was found to be more accurate, and this is typically important when either channel is poor quality, the system can make an analysis based on the other channel and achieve good accuracy.