Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond nanowire arrays with enhanced field emission and plasma illumination performance

Large-area silicon nanowire arrays (SiNAs) were fabricated via metal catalytic etching technique, in conjunction with the polystyrene spheres lithographic process. The nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (N<sub>2</sub>-UNCD) films were coated on thus formed SiNA by using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) process. The N<sub>2</sub>-UNCD/SiNWs films, which were grown in CH<sub>4</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> plasma at 700°C, possess markedly better conductivity (σ<sub>N2-UNCD</sub>=2-3(Ω cm)<sup>-1</sup>) than the conventional c-UNCD/SiNWs films, which were grown in CH<sub>4</sub>/Ar plasma at around 425°C (σ<sub>UNCD</sub>=0.01(Ω cm)<sup>-1</sup>). The EFE process of the former materials can be turned on at (E<sub>0</sub>)<sub>N2-UNCD</sub>=7.80 V/μm achieving larger EFE current density of (J<sub>e</sub>)<sub>N2-UNCD</sub>=0.67 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> at an applied field of 13.0 V/μm, whereas that of the latter materials need (E<sub>0</sub>)<sub>=UNCD</sub>=18.25 V/μm to turn on, attaining only (J<sub>e</sub>)<sub>UNCD</sub>=0.024 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> at same applied field. While the plasma illumination process can be triggered at around 0.21 V/μm, regardless of the characteristics of the cathod materials, plasma illumination intensity/current density is larger when the materials with better EFE properties were used as cathodes for the plasma device. The plasma illumination current density is around (J<sub>pi</sub>)<sub>N2-UNCD</sub>=5.0 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> (at an applied field of 0.35 V/μm) when N<sub>2</sub>-UNCD/SiNWs film was used as cathode, whereas the (J<sub>pi</sub>)<sub>UNCD</sub>=3.2 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> when the conventional UNCD/SiNWs film was used as cathode. In summary, it is observed that the plasma illumination characteristics of the CP-devices is closely correlated with the electron field emission behavior of the cathode materials, which, in turn, was enhanced due to the improvement in conductivity of the UNCD films.
Predicting dislocation climb: Classical modeling versus atomistic simulations

Service de Recherches de M´etallurgie Physique, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France(Dated: September 23, 2011)The classical modeling of dislocation climb based on a continuous description of vacancy diﬀusionis compared to recent atomistic simulations of dislocation climb in body-centered cubic iron undervacancy supersaturation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 095501 (2010)]. A quantitative agreement isobtained, showing the ability of the classical approach to describe dislocation climb. The analyticalmodel is then used to extrapolate dislocation climb velocities to lower dislocation densities, in therange corresponding to experiments. This allows testing of the validity of the pure climb creepmodel proposed by Kabir et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 095501 (2010)].
Value of thermal oxide for ion implant based c-Si solar cells

In this paper we present the improvements in cell performance for ion implanted C-Si solar cells by thermal oxidation. We have investigated the effect of oxidation on cell efficiency (CE) and systematically evaluated the effect of oxide thickness on emitter quality for the ion implanted emitters. It is shown that the CE of ion implanted cells increases by ~0.3% absolute with increase in oxide thickness and is attributed to lower J0e. Additionally, the effect of oxidation on dopant profile of these emitters is also characterized using sheet rho (Rsheet) measurements and SIMS analysis, which demonstrate that an optimal profile can be achieved with a single step anneal/oxidation of the ion implanted emitters. The lower J0e achieved for the ion implanted emitters with an oxide layer (10-30nm) is due to superior passivation quality of the thermal oxide and the optimized dopant profile. It is to be noted here that the thermal oxidation is part of the post implant anneal and does not lead to excessive drive in and allows controlling the dopant profile/junction depth (xj) very precisely. This unique ion implant based process flow also offers a distinct advantage over two step diffusion process(es) (POCl3 → PSG etch → high temperature thermal oxidation) which are required to passivate emitters fabricated using POCl3 with a thermal oxide. Thus, the proposed approach of single step anneal/oxidation of ion implanted emitters offers an attractive solution for passivating surfaces and manufacturing high efficiency solar cells with advanced architectures.
Integrating Syntactic and Semantic Tools in Sfy A Case Study in Lexical Acquisition

Despite the large lexicon of even broad coverage Natural Language Processing systems, there are many missing lexical items. We describe two methodologically distinct approaches to augment the lexicon: the look-up approach and the shotgun approach. Both approaches are framed within Sfy, a new research program to pull together several broad coverage systems. The classic look-up approach requires compatible electronic sources (e.g. WordNet). Through system hooks into the source, we can pull as much relational and semantic information as Sfy requires. Since WordNet does not overtly provide Sfy with sufficient syntactic role and semantic information, we use the synonyms of an unknown target word that WordNet provides us with to create templates for a new entry in our lexicon. In a fully realistic model, we cannot always rely on the lookup approach to solve our lexical issues. We need another back-off method. Much like a person intuiting the part-ofspeech of a new term, an unknown word presents a syntactic hole to our parser. Only certain parts of speech will fill that hole. We can try to validate all the possible fillers by naively testing every part of speech. The subset of all these sentences that can be parsed informs us of exactly which parts of speech our unknown word can be. Interestingly, the shotgun approach also provides a means to solve the related problem of a familiar orthogrpahic word functioning in an unfamiliar part of speech.
Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neurons Release Glutamate for Feedforward Inhibition of the Lateral Septum

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) regulates vital physiological functions, including energy balance and sleep. MCH cells are thought to be GABAergic, releasing GABA to inhibit downstream targets. However, there is little experimental support for this paradigm. To better understand the synaptic mechanisms of mouse MCH neurons, we performed neuroanatomical mapping and characterization followed by optogenetics to test their functional connectivity at downstream targets. Synaptophysin-mediated projection mapping showed that the lateral septal nucleus (LS) contained the densest accumulation of MCH nerve terminals. We then expressed channelrhodopsin-2 in MCH neurons and photostimulated MCH projections to determine their effect on LS activity. Photostimulation of MCH projections evoked a monosynaptic glutamate release in the LS. Interestingly, this led to a feedforward inhibition that depressed LS firing by a robust secondary GABA release. This study presents a circuit analysis between MCH and LS neurons and confirms their functional connection via monosynaptic and polysynaptic pathways. Our findings indicate that MCH neurons are not exclusively GABAergic and reveal a glutamate-mediated, feedforward mechanism that inhibits LS cells.
Early hematopoiesis and developing lymphoid organs in the zebrafish

In zebrafish, the transparent and rapidly developing embryo and the potential for genetic screening offer a unique opportunity to investigate the early development of the vertebrate immune system. Here we describe the initial appearance of various blood lineages and the nature of accumulating hematopoietic tissue in the thymus and kidney, the main lymphoid organs of adult teleosts. The ultrastructure of the first site of hematopoiesis, the intermediate cell mass (ICM), is described from the 5‐somite stage, about 11.5 hours post‐fertilization (hpf) until 24 hpf. The ICM gives rise to the primitive erythroid lineage, which accounts for all circulating erythrocytes for the first 4 days pf. From 24 to 72 hpf, a few developing granulocytes are seen close to the yolk sac walls and in the caudal axial vein. The heart, previously proposed as an early blood‐forming organ in zebrafish, did not contain hematopoietic cells. The thymic primordium, consisting of two layers of epithelial cells, appears at 60 hpf. By 65 hpf, it is colonized by immature lymphoblasts. The thymus gradually accumulates lymphocytes, and the lymphocytes and epithelial cells progressively differentiate for 3 weeks pf. At 96 hr, the pronephros contains hematopoietic cells, mainly developing erythrocytes and granulocytes. The amount of renal hematopoietic tissue increases rapidly; however, lymphocytes were not detected until 3 weeks pf. Dev Dyn 1999;214:323–336. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extended maternal age at birth of last child and women’s longevity in the Long Life Family Study

ObjectiveThis study investigated the association between maternal age at birth of last child and likelihood of survival to advanced age. MethodsThis was a nested case-control study using Long Life Family Study data. Three hundred eleven women who survived past the oldest 5th percentile of survival (according to birth cohort–matched life tables) were identified as cases, and 151 women who died at ages younger than the top 5th percentile of survival were identified as controls. A Bayesian mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between maternal age at birth of last child and exceptional longevity among these 462 women. ResultsWe found a significant association for older maternal age, whereby women who had their last child beyond age 33 years had twice the odds for survival to the top 5th percentile of survival for their birth cohorts compared with women who had their last child by age 29 years (age between 33 and 37 y: odds ratio, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.13 to 3.92; older age: odds ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.68). ConclusionsThis study supports findings from other studies demonstrating a positive association between older maternal age and greater odds for surviving to an unusually old age.
INFERENCE ON THE QUANTILE REGRESSION PROCESS ROGER KOENKER AND ZHIJIE XIAO UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

Tests based on the quantile regression process can be formulated like the classical Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cr amer-von-Mises tests of goodness-oft employing the theory of Bessel processes as in Kiefer (1959). However, it is frequently desirable to formulate hypotheses involving unknown nuisance parameters, thereby jeopardizing the distribution free character of these tests. We characterize this situation as \the Durbin problem" since it was posed in Durbin (1973), for parametric empirical processes. In this paper we consider an approach to the Durbin problem involving a martingale transformation of the parametric empirical process suggested by Khmaladze (1981) and show that it can be adapted to a wide variety of inference problems involving the quantile regression process. In particular, we suggest new tests of the location shift and location-scale shift models that underlie much of classical econometric inference. The methods are illustrated in some limited Monte-Carlo experiments and with a reanalysis of data on unemployment durations from the Pennsylvania Reemployment Bonus Experiments. The Pennsylvania experiments, conducted in 1988-89, were designed to test the e cacy of cash bonuses paid for early reemployment in shortening the duration of insured unemployment spells.
THE IMPACT OF FEMUR FRACTURE WITH ASSOCIATED SOFT TISSUE INJURY ON IMMUNE FUNCTION AND INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY

Alterations in intestinal permeability and immune function were investigated in a murine femur fracture (FFx) model. We postulated that soft tissue injury associated with closed FFx (crush injury) would result in greater immunosuppression that open FFx (surgical division). AKR mice were randomized to four groups (Normal, Sham, Open FFx, Closed FFx) and studied at 24 and 96 h post-injury. Immune function was assessed by splenocyte blastogenic response and class-specific immunoglobulin production. Intestinal permeability was assessed by measurement of whole blood fluorometry after gavage administration of fluorescein-dextran (FITC-dextran). Closed FFx is associated with increased splenocyte blastogenesis and increased immunoglobulin production at 24 h post-injury. This immunostimulatory response was associated with altered intestinal permeability early after injury (FITC-dextran: .185 ± .070 Closed FFx vs. .069 ± .011 Normal, p = .06). Immunosuppression was evident at 96 h post-injury in the closed FFx group, documented by significant reductions in splenocyte blastogenesis to all mitogens studied. The Open FFx group did not demonstrate any reduction in splenocyte blastogenesis at 96 h post-injury. These data suggest that the soft tissue injury associated with Closed FFx is associated with significant immunosuppression and altered gastrointestinal permeability, which may adversely affect the host by increasing the relative risk of post-trauma infection.
An improved LOMB algorithm for HRV analysis on a PPG sensor for low-cost DSP processor

In this paper, an improved LOMB algorithm for Heart Rate Variability (HRV) calculation is proposed and implemented on a low-cost DSP processor. HRV analysis can reflect the activities of sympathetic and parasympathetic on a person health condition. We have compared the accuracy using FFT and a modified Lomb for HRV analysis both on an ECG sensor and a PPG sensor. On the other hand, the proposed method also has been implemented on a low-cost DSP processor, which can perform the modified LOM algorithm for HRV calculation in real-time while fit for the time-to-market budge margin. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of HRV analysis from 50% error to 30% in average PPG based sensor compared to ECG device.
Development of CMOS MEMS thermal bimorph actuator for driving microlens

A CMOS MEMS based thermal actuator is developed by using bimorph with embedded SiO<inf>2</inf> and inverted-connected metal line adopted from CMOS materials. Vertical displacement of 47µm and power consumption of 139mW is obtained at 3V<inf>dc</inf>.
Engineered assembly of intertwined oligomers of an immunoglobulin chain.

Domain 1 of CD2 (CD2.D1) forms a conventional Ig fold stabilised by non-covalent antiparallel contacts between beta-strands. Removing two residues from the middle of the protein sequence, where the polypeptide chain normally folds back upon itself, stabilises an open conformation. In this modified molecule, the optimum evolved contacts between side-chains can only be satisfied through the antiparallel association of two chains to create a symmetrical pair of pseudo-domains. Here, we describe the dynamics of the switch between monomeric and dimeric states and demonstrate the extension of this novel underlying principle to trimer and tetramer formation. The ability of a protein molecule to form higher-order antiparallel structures is reminiscent of the behaviour of hairpins, duplexes, three-way and Holliday junctions in DNA.
Tregex and Tsurgeon: tools for querying and manipulating tree data structures

With syntactically annotated corpora becoming increasingly available for a variety of languages and grammatical frameworks, tree query tools have proven invaluable to linguists and computer scientists for both data exploration and corpus-based research. We provide a combined engine for tree query (Tregex) and manipulation (Tsurgeon) that can operate on arbitrary tree data structures with no need for preprocessing. Tregex remedies several expressive and implementational limitations of existing query tools, while Tsurgeon is to our knowledge the most expressive tree manipulation utility available.
Cloning and extracellular expression of a raw starch digesting α‐amylase (Blamy‐I) and its application in bioethanol production from a non‐conventional source of starch

The aim of this study was to clone and efficiently express a raw starch‐digesting α‐amylase enzyme in the culture media and also to investigate the potential application of this recombinant enzyme in the digestion of non‐conventional raw starch for bioethanol production. A raw starch digesting α‐amylase gene isolated from Bacillus licheniformis strain AS08E was cloned and extracellularly expressed in E. coli cells using the native signal peptide. The mature recombinant α‐amylase (Blamy‐I) consisting of 483 amino acid residues was found to be homogenous with a mass of 55.3 kDa (by SDS‐PAGE analysis) and a predicted pI of 6.05. Structural and functional analysis of Blamy‐I revealed the presence of an extra Ca2+‐binding region between the A and C domains responsible for higher thermostability of this enzyme. The statistical optimization of E. coli culture conditions resulted in an approximately eightfold increase in extracellular expression of Blamy‐I as compared to its production under non‐optimized conditions. Blamy‐I demonstrated optimum enzyme activity at 80 °C and pH 10.0, and efficiently hydrolyzed raw starch isolated from a non‐conventional, underutilized jack fruit seeds. Further utilization of this starch for bioethanol production using Blamy‐I and Saccharomyces cerevisiae also proved to be highly promising.
Competitive advantages of electronic marketplaces in the retail automotive and maintenance, repair and order (mro) industries

We question the strategic potential of EMPs to bring a competitive advantage to their users: their nature and the main differentiating factors that progressively appear over time. Based on three case studies in the retail, automotive and MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Order) industries, conducted from 2002-2007, we more thoroughly describe where buyers and suppliers perceive strategic advantages in the eValues brought by EMPs. We classify these strategic opportunities according to Porter (1980) and Wiseman’s (1985) typologies: differentiation, cost, innovation, alliance/power gains and growth. Finally, we explore how these different factors have evolved over time in users’ perceptions. The paper brings an in-depth and longitudinal empirical study of EMPs specific competitive advantages in each industry.
The Role of Passive Stretch and Repetitive Electrical Stimulation in Preventing Skeletal Muscle Atrophy While Reprogramming Gene Expression to Improve Fatigue Resistance

The effects of mechanical stimuli on preserving muscle mass while transforming them into slow, fatigue resistant muscles have been studied in the rabbit. When combined, stretching and electrical stimulation (10 Hz) Induce rapid and marked growth of muscles. This procedure also more rapidly activates the transformation process(es) than when either stretching or electrical stimulation (10 Hz) are used alone. Stretch by itseif is also anabolic causing useful lengthening of muscles and preventing collagen accumuiation. In contrast, muscle inactivity leads to rapid atrophy, fiber shortening and reduced muscle compliance. We believe these findings have important implications to cardiomyoplasty.
Therapeutic Effects of Essential Oil from Waste Leaves of Psidium guajava L. against Cosmetic Embarrassment Using Phylogenetic Approach

Medicinal plants are facing threats due to loss of habitat and overexploitation of knows species. Therefore the present work shows utilization of essential oil from discarded leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. against human dermatophytic fungi Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Trichophyton violaceum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum canis. The oil was found to be fungicidal at 3.0 μl/ml and it tolerated heavy inoculum of pathogens at fungicidal concentrations. The fungicidal activity of the oil was thermostable, up to 70°C and shelf life was found to be six months, which was maximum the time taken into consideration. The oil having cineole, caryophyllane, copaene, azulene and eucalyptol as main constituents, exhibited broad fungicidal activity. The oil did not show any adverse effect on mammalian skin upto 5% concentration. Phylogeny of the dermatophytes with respect to toxicity of the oil has also been discussed using molecular data. The cost effective formulation from waste leaves can be exploited after undergoing double blind successful multicentral topical testing.
Exploring the effect of the human brand on consumers' decision quality in online shopping: An eye‐tracking approach

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how employing human brands affects consumers' decision quality in an online shopping environment by analysing visual attention using an eye‐tracking technique. , – The experimental design used to examine the effect of human brands in an online shopping environment was a two‐factor repeated measure with two levels for each factor. The first factor of the design was a within‐factor measure of the product type, and the second was a between‐factor measure of the level of perceived decision quality. For this experiment 38 healthy participants were recruited at a university in South Korea. , – First employing human brands in an online shop influences consumers' perceived decision quality. Second the results support a significant difference in perceived product trust between the two perceived decision quality levels. Finally the product type influences consumers' perceived trust towards the product. , – This research has the limitations of a relatively small sample size and the use of a sample of university students, which may not be representative of the general population. Future researchers could utilise experiments to analyse the message area of the screen for detailed product descriptions and include various samples, which could result in additional insights and generalised experimental results. , – Employing human brands can improve consumers' decision making processes and enhance the quality of their decisions by reducing cognitive effort and appealing to consumers emotionally through heuristic choices. In addition it can increase trust towards products and, furthermore, lead consumers to think positively about the quality of the decisions they make. The paper suggests that companies apply human brands in online shops to improve consumers' decision quality and obtain competitive advantage. , – One of this paper's contributions is employing a multi‐method approach, a self‐reported questionnaire and eye‐movement data, to gain a deeper understanding of the data when observing a complex phenomenon, as consumers themselves may not be aware of their reactions in such situations.
Re‐emergence of circulatory foot‐and‐mouth disease virus serotypes Asia1 in Bangladesh and VP1 protein heterogeneity with vaccine strain IND 63/72

Foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes O, A and Asia1 are responsible for significant number of disease outbreaks in Bangladesh; however serotype Asia1 has not been reported in circulation since 1996. The present investigation reports the detection of serotype FMDV Asia1 from local farms in 2012 and 2013 outbreaks. The farms were located in Jessore and Gazipur districts, and one of these farms was under vaccine control programme. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete VP1 gene revealed that FMDV Asia1 is under genetic lineage C having close similarity to the Asia1 sequences of Indian origin. The circulatory genotype Asia1 showed VP1 protein sequence heterogeneity of eight amino acid substitutions within the G‐H loop with the vaccine strain [IND 63/72 (AY304994)] used in vaccination programme. ELISA assay revealed that, of seven, only one local field serum sample (cattle vaccinated 38 days earlier) was positive at a titre level of >2·4 (log10) but failed to protect the cattle from infection occurred by the virus. This investigation focused that the eight amino acid substitution in VP1 protein at G‐H loop of the locally circulated FMDV serotype Asia1 strain may be a reason for current vaccination failure.