Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid composition of meat from lambs fed diets containing moist-heat treated legume grains

In recent years, an important objective of world farmers has been to enhance the use of alternative protein sources, preferably from local feedstuffs. In order to an experiment was carried out to study on nutritional manipulation of the saturated fatty acid (SFA) composition of lamb meat to reduce the concentration of SFA in meat from lambs fed legume grains and to raise the concentration of the hypocholesterolemic FA. Fortytwo female hybrid lambs were divided into seven groups after weaning at about 60 days of age. The diets of the seven groups differed in the protein source used in the concentrate, soybean meal group (SBM), bitter vetch group (BV), common vetch group (CV) and chickling vetch group (CLV). Lambs were fed ad libitum and slaughtered at about 145 days of age. There were no differences in growth or carcass characteristics among the dietaries. The CV and CLV diets had higher contents of the two essential fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic compared to the BV and SBM diets. However, the total percentage of sum of these two fatty acids was ranged for the seven diets from 56.6 g to 57.05g /100 g of FA methylesters. The FA most abundant in the meat from all legume groups was oleic acid, the amounts of which were significantly (P<0.01) different between treatments. The linolenic acid was higher (P<0.01) in meat from CV lambs than in meat from SBM, BV and CLV animals. The provision of modest amounts of grain is more conducive to the oleic acid synthesis rather than high levels of grain. In conclusion the use of legume seeds such as BV, CV and CLV in lamb diets positively affected intramuscular fatty acid composition.
Imagery rescripting of traumatic memories for panic disorder: an exploratory study

Abstract Imagery rescripting (ImRs) is a psychological intervention designed to change the meaning of images and associated memories and reduce emotional distress. Recent studies have shown that ImRs can be successfully applied to many psychological problems and disorders; however, little has been reported on the application of ImRs for panic disorder (PD). Consequently, we explored the therapeutic effects of ImRs on patients with PD. Fifteen patients with PD received 16 individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) sessions weekly, including one ImRs session. Early traumatic memories associated with recurrent images in panic situations were identified and rescripted to alleviate maladaptive encapsulated beliefs. ImRs ratings (vividness and distress of the images and memories and conviction degree of encapsulated beliefs) were measured prior to and after ImRs. Self-negative contents not directly related to symptoms of panic attack were observed as common themes in the worst meaning of the image, the memory, and in the encapsulated belief. Whilst five (33%) patients had anticipatory anxiety, 10 (67%) patients had other self-negative beliefs. ImRs significantly reduced distress from images, memories and encapsulated beliefs; however, it did not change the vividness of images and memories. There was no significant correlation between the reduction in PD severity over the CBT program and the change in each ImRs rating. The results of this study are promising for certain aspects of panic disorder. However, further research is needed to overcome the limitations of this study.
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF GENTIC DIVERSITY OF ENDOPHYTIC MYROTHECIUM SPP. BY RAPD AND ISSR MARKERS

India has immense variety of plants with endophytic organisms within them without any risk of life. In order to study genetic relatedness in ten isolates of Myrothecium species which is a fungus plant pathogen obtained as an endophyte from bark and twigs from Garcinia spp. were studied with RAPD and ISSR markers. The DNA markers are designed as a potential tool for mapping genetic divergence between individuals or within related species. Hence, in this research, we concentrate on applications, the advantages and limitations of RAPD, and ISSR molecular markers for genome fingerprinting of endophyte genotypes, to characterize genetic diversity and phylogenetic/evolutionary relationships between them. Five RAPD primers, OPM-01 to OPM-05 generated 193 polymorphic bands consisting of 72 markers. Three ISSR primers viz., ISSR-01, ISSR02 and ISSR-07 generated 93 polymorphic bands with a marker score of 41. The dendrogram produced using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) and cluster analysis made using Nei’s genetic distance resulted in the formation of isolates into four main groups and revealed a rather close phylogenetic relationship among some isolates whereas isolates M-2 and M-5 showed surprisingly large genetic variation and evolutionary divergence from other isolates.
Ocean color measurements with the Operational Land Imager on Landsat-8: implementation and evaluation in SeaDAS

Abstract. The Operational Land Imager (OLI) is a multispectral radiometer hosted on the recently launched Landsat8 satellite. OLI includes a suite of relatively narrow spectral bands at 30 m spatial resolution in the visible to shortwave infrared, which makes it a potential tool for ocean color radiometry: measurement of the reflected spectral radiance upwelling from beneath the ocean surface that carries information on the biogeochemical constituents of the upper ocean euphotic zone. To evaluate the potential of OLI to measure ocean color, processing support was implemented in Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) Data Analysis System (SeaDAS), which is an open-source software package distributed by NASA for processing, analysis, and display of ocean remote sensing measurements from a variety of spaceborne multispectral radiometers. Here we describe the implementation of OLI processing capabilities within SeaDAS, including support for various methods of atmospheric correction to remove the effects of atmospheric scattering and absorption and retrieve the spectral remote sensing reflectance (Rrs; sr−1). The quality of the retrieved Rrs imagery will be assessed, as will the derived water column constituents, such as the concentration of the phytoplankton pigment chlorophyll a.
Integration and In-Field Gains Selection of Flight and Navigation Controller for Remotely Piloted Aircraft System

Abstract In the paper the implementation process of commercial flight and navigational controller in own aircraft is shown. The process of autopilot integration were performed for the fixed-wing type of unmanned aerial vehicle designed in high-wing and pull configuration of the drive. The above equipment were integrated and proper software control algorithms were chosen. The correctness of chosen hardware and software solution were verified in ground tests and experimental flights. The PID controllers for longitude and latitude controller channels were selected. The proper deflections of control surfaces and stabilization of roll, pitch and yaw angles were tested. In the next stage operation of telecommunication link and flight stabilization were verified. In the last part of investigations the preliminary control gains and configuration parameters for roll angle control loop were chosen. This enable better behavior of UAV during turns. Also it affected other modes of flight such as loiter (circle around designated point) and auto mode where the plane executed a pre-programmed mission.
An Active CACTA‐Family Transposable Element is Responsible for Flower Variegation in Wild Soybean Glycine soja

A plant producing flowers with purple and white variegation was discovered in an accession of Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc. that was introduced from Russia. The mutant line was designated as B00146‐m. Lines with white flowers (B00146‐w) and purple flowers (B00146‐r) were developed from the progeny of B00146‐m. The flower color was controlled by the W1 locus encoding a flavonoid 3′5′‐hydroxylase (F3′5′H). The allele for variegated flowers was designated as w1‐m. The gene symbol was approved by the Soybean Genetics Committee. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) suggested that a DNA fragment with a molecular size of ∼3.9 kb was inserted in the first exon of the F3′5′H gene in B00146‐m whereas such insertion was not observed in B00146‐w and B00146‐r. These results suggested that an active mobile element was inserted in the first exon and was responsible for flower variegation. The inserted fragment was identified as a 3883 bp long CACTA‐family transposable element and it was designated as Tgs1. Similarity of overall sequence and terminal inverted repeats suggested that Tgs1 and the soybean lectin gene transposable element Tgm1 make up a subgroup. Frequency of germinal reversion was low probably due to the integration into an exon. Tgs1 had a truncated version of the transposase gene and may be a nonautonomous element.
Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Radiant Energy for Snowmelt in a Mid-Latitude Sub-Alpine Forest

This study assessed the spatial variability of downwelling longwave and shortwave radiation under dense and open evergreen canopies during the snowmelt period in the Rocky Mountains near Fraser, Colorado, USA. We compared their magnitudes and spatial distributions under cloudy and clear-sky conditions over a melting snowcover. Through the use of radiometer arrays, thermocouples, and a portable scanning thermal radiometer, a detailed picture of the spatial variability of radiant energy was gained. The variability of melt energy deriving from radiation on cloudy days was vastly reduced from that on sunny days. The sources of variability in melt energy were both long and shortwave but with fundamental differences.
Antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from HIV-sero positive adults at Mbagathi District Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

Objectives: To determine changes in antibiotic resistance patterns in E. coli from persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methodology and results: A total of 264 strains of E. coli were isolated from PLWHA. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique. Out of the 216 (81.81%) E.coli from PLWHA and taking antibiotics (HIV+A+), 209-(96.76%), 198-(91.67%) and 188- (87.04%) isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethazole, tetracycline and ampicillin respectively. All isolates from PLWHA not taking antibiotics(HIV+A-) were sensitive to fluoroquinolones and nalidixic acid but thirty nine (83.33%) of the them were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethazole.The most prevalent resistance was to trimethoprim-sulphamethazole and ampicillin. Conclusion and application of findings: prolonged exposure to antibiotic makes PLWHA harbour strains of E. coli that are significantly more resistant to antibiotics with varying resistance patterns. The findings of this study should have major implications on public health policy guidelines on managing antimicrobial resistance in PLWHA, antimicrobial resistance detection modules and intervention schemes. It can also help in planning regular monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns in order to provide the basis for developing rational prescription guidelines.
Evaluation of Oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) Herbicide on Weed Control, Economics and Profitability of Groundnut in the Western Zone of Tamil Nadu

Weed infestation is an important limiting factor in achieving potential productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) especially of bunch type varieties which have prostrate growth and consequently poor competitive ability. Groundnut being a short stature, initially slow growing crop, needs weed free condition throughout the crop growth period. Prasad (2002) [1] reported that yield of groundnut is reduced by 70 per cent if cover by weeds is more than 50 per cent. Groundnut cannot compete effectively with weeds, particularly 3 to 6 weeks after sowing and therefore, early removal of weeds is important before flowering and during pegging [2]. Critically viewing, the manual and mechanical methods of weed control, besides being less effective, costly and time demand as well as need to be repeated at frequent intervals. Chemical weed control is a better supplement to conventional methods and forms an integral part of the modern crop production. Most of the presently available herbicides provide only a narrow spectrum weed control. Under chemical method of weed management, the rotation of herbicides is more essential to prevent the weeds to develop resistance to herbicides. In view of the above facts, an experiment on “Efficiency evaluation of new formulation of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) on weed control in groundnut and their residual effect on succeeding crops” was formulated with the following objectives (i) to evaluate the bio-efficacy of new formulation of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) on weed control in groundnut (ii) To work out economics of weed management practices in groundnut (iii) to study the residual effect of oxyfluorfen on succeeding crops.
Human-Robot Cooperative Object Manipulation with Contact Changes

This paper presents a system for cooperatively manipulating large objects between a human and a robot. This physical interaction system is designed to handle, transport, or manipulate large objects of different shapes in cooperation with a human. Unique points are the bi-manual physical cooperation, the sequential characteristic of the cooperation including contact changes, and a novel architecture combining force interaction cues, interactive search-based planning, and online trajectory and motion generation. The resulting system implements a mixed initiative collaboration strategy, deferring to the human when his intentions are unclear, and driving the task once understood. This results in an easy and intuitive human-robot interaction. It is evaluated in simulations and on a bi-manual mobile robot with 32 degrees of freedom.
Growth Performance and Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Responses of Broiler Chickens to Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation under Hypobaric Hypoxia

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) has been shown to spare arginine (ARG) requirements in chickens. ARG plays a critical role in enhancing growth and preventing right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in broiler chickens subjected to hypobaric hypoxia. However, ARG is not available as a feed grade supplement in the market. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of commercially available GAA supplement as an alternative on growth performance and RVH in broilers raised at high altitude (2100 m). Five graded levels of GAA ranging from 0 (control) to 2 g/kg were provided in isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets to broilers (Ross 308) from day 1 to 42, post-hatch. Results indicated that responses to GAA were nonlinear and attained plateau values within the studied range of GAA supply. While weight gain and feed intake were unaffected by GAA supply, feed conversion ratio was improved by GAA supplementation up to 1.5 g/kg. Similar trends were observed for the proportions in the liver and heart, as well as hematocrit. GAA supplementation at 1 and 1.5 g/kg resulted in reduced abdominal fat deposition as well as a decline in right-tototal ventricular weight ratio (RV:TV, an index of RVH). A significant (P<0.05) increase in serum nitric oxide concentration was observed at 1 and 1.5 g/kg GAA supplementation. However, GAA supply led to lower serum malondialdehyde and uric acid levels than in the control. In conclusion, GAA supplementation up to 1.5 g/kg had the potential to improve growth performance and RVH response. Meanwhile, GAA supply beyond 1.5 g/kg could deteriorate these responses.
Missing Data Imputation Method Comparison in Ohio University Student Retention Database

Ohio University has been conducting research on first-year-student retention to prevent dropouts (OU Office of Institutional Research, First-Year Students Retention, 2008). Yet, the data set has more than 20% missing values. Missing data affects the ability in result generalization of the target population. This study categorizes the missing data into one of three types of missing data: missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), or missing not at random (MNAR). After the missing data is identified, the proper method of handling the data is discussed. Five methods were utilized in the research: mean, median, zero, hot-deck and multiple imputations. Despite the poor performance on the accuracy comparison test, multiple and hot-deck imputation have proven to improve the retention prediction rate. Mean and median imputation perform better in accuracy and are sufficient for the prediction model.
Group size effect in nutmeg mannikin: between-individuals behavioral differences but same plasticity

When group size increases, animals from a wide range of taxa reduce vigilance and increase feeding rate, the so-called group size effect. This effect requires that group members display plastic behavioral responses both in terms of vigilance and foraging to obtain the security benefit from grouping and/or to cope with feeding competition. Most studies on group size effects have reported mean group changes in behavior. However, individuals' adjustment of behavior and thus their individual contribution to the overall group-level plasticity remain unexplored. Using wild-caught nutmeg mannikins (Lonchura punctulata), small estrildid finches known to exhibit the group size effect, we investigated individual differences in baseline levels and in plasticity of vigilance and feeding behavior. We experimentally manipulated the number of companions foraging with focal birds and noted how they individually adjusted their vigilance and foraging behavior when group size varied. We found that individuals differed consistently in their vigilance level and foraging rate but not in their ability to adjust to experimental variation in group size. Effect sizes for individual consistency in behavior were as large as those for group-level plasticity. Our results reveal high, albeit not maximal, levels of plasticity in both vigilance and feeding behavior for all individuals in this social foraging context. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Geometry of Latent Representations for Word Embeddings

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of Machine Learning which deals with the design of algorithms to effectively process natural language corpora. Words in the corpus are usually represented with a one-hot encoding, such that each word is assigned to a different direction in a space of dimension equal to the size of the dictionary D = |D |, where D = { x ∈ {0, 1} | ∑ i xi = 1 } . The one-hot encoding defines a sparse representation where all words w ∈ D are equidistant and no metric is defined a priori. A common difficulty encountered in NLP when dealing with a very large dictionaries, is that it becomes prohibitive, even for limited language domains, to train a neural network taking as input a D dimensional vector. Word embeddings are a set of techniques commonly used in NLP to map the words of a dictionary to a real vector space, by projecting one-hot encodings to a smaller linear space of dimension d D. Such mappings are based on the notion of context (“you shall know a word by the company it keeps”, J. R. Firth [2]), by learning a set of conditional probability distributions – of the context given the central word – for each word of the dictionary. Skip-gram [3], GloVe [4], or Squared Norm [1] (SN) are common methods in the literature to perform word embeddings. From a geometric perspective, the conditional probability distributions of a context given the central word live on a statistical manifold. It follows that word analogies can be expressed by the comparison of vectors in the tangent bundle of the manifold. In the present paper we describe the geometry of word embeddings in the general setting of Information Geometry and we show how the choice of the geometry of the statistical model relates to different notions of relationships between contexts, and ultimately to different ways of expressing analogies in word embeddings. By representing conditional probability distributions associated to the context of the words in the dictionary as points in a statistical manifold, we can relate the context of a word with respect to another by a tangent vector, computed through the logarithmic map. Moreover, word analogies can expressed by comparing tangent vectors, mapped in the same tangent space by means of the parallel transport. Finally, norms in the tangent space of a statistical manifold can be computed using the Fisher-Rao metric. This geometric framework presents several advantages. First, it allows
Developing Cognitive Theory by Mining Large-Scale Naturalistic Data

Cognitive research is increasingly coming out of the laboratory. It is becoming much more common to see research that repurposes large-scale and naturalistic data sources to develop and evaluate cognitive theories at a scale not previously possible. We now have unprecedented availability of massive digital data sources that are the product of human behavior and offer clues to understand basic principles of cognition. A key challenge for the field is to properly interrogate these data in a theory-driven way to reverse engineer the cognitive forces that generated them; this necessitates advances in both our theoretical models and our methodological techniques. The arrival of big data has been met with healthy skepticism by the field, but has also been seen as a genuine opportunity to advance our understanding of cognition. In addition, theoretical advancements from big data are heavily intertwined with new methodological developments—new techniques to answer questions from big data also give us new questions that could not previously have been asked. The goal of this volume is to present emerging examples from across the field that use large and naturalistic data to advance theories of cognition that would not be possible in the traditional laboratory setting.
The Effect of Foliar application of Iron , Zinc , and Selenium on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Alfalfa

This factorial experiment within a randomized complete block design with 4 replications was conducted to examine the effect of foliar application of Iron, zinc, and selenium on nutrient uptake and yield of alfalfa under rainfed conditions in Aligoudarz, Iran. The treatments of the experiment included the iron at 3 levels: the control (non-use of iron), iron sulfate at the concentration of 3/1000, and completely liquid iron 5%; zinc at 3 levels: the control (non-use of zinc), zinc sulfate at the concentration of 3/1000, and completely liquid zinc 5%; and selenium at 2 levels: the control (non-use of selenium) and sodium selenite at the concentration of 20 g/ha. The results of data variance analysis showed that the effect of foliar spray of iron, zinc, and selenium was significant on all properties at significance level of 1%. Maximum yield of alfalfa was 3506.2 kg/ha obtaining from the treatment with iron sulfate at a concentration of 3/1000 + zinc sulfate at a concentration of 3/1000 + 20 g of selenium per hectare, which showed an increase of 34% as that in the control treatment. Moreover, results showed that the foliar spray considerably increased the uptake of iron, zinc, and selenium in plants.