Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compositional Contract Abstraction for System Design

Contract-based design has been recently proposed as a framework for concurrent system design in the context of complex supplier chains, where sub-system design can be sub-contracted to suppliers while guaranteeing correct system integration. A unifying meta-theory of contracts was proposed in [Benveniste et al. 2012], which subsumes known frameworks such as interface theories, modal interfaces, and Assume/Guarantee contracts. This report proposes, for this meta-theory of contracts, a generic abstraction technique allowing to prove contract properties based on their abstractions. More precisely, we show how to lift abstractions, from components to contracts, in a systematic way. In doing so, fundamental relations such as being a correct implementation or a valid environment, refining, can be checked on abstractions. Our abstraction technique is fully compositional with respect to contract conjunction. Compositionality of abstraction with respect to contract composition is only partially achieved. We believe that the results we obtain are the best achievable ones and we explain the obstructions we see against improving them. Our abstraction technique complements observers, proposed as a testing technique adapted to contracts in [6]. The latter allow disproving properties, whereas abstraction allows proving them. Key-words: system design, component based design, contract, interface, abstraction, abstract interpretation.
Mental health of refugees and displaced persons in Syria and surrounding countries: a systematic review

Over the past two years, Syria went from being the third largest refugee hosting country in the world to the largest refugee producing country. This article provides the findings of a systematic literature review on the mental health and psychosocial support context, and the mental health profile of refugees (primarily Iraqi) and civilians in Syria. This review covers two periods: the complex refugee emergency that started in 2006 as a result of war in Iraq, and the current internal displacement and acute complex emergency starting in 2011. The systematic review of the published and grey literature on the mental health profiles of Iraqi and Syrian refugees and those Syrians who have been internally displaced includes complementing analyses of the needs and resources of different affected populations, using assessment results from Syria and surrounding refugee hosting countries. The problematic lack of recent literature is noted, and the need for more rigorous assessments, applied research and accessible grey literature identified.
Emergence of Cooperation in a Pursuit-Evasion Game

This research concerns the comparison of three different artificial evolution approaches to the design of cooperative behavior in a group of simulated mobile robots. The first and second approaches, termed: single pool and plasticity, are characterized by robots that share a single genotype, though the plasticity approach includes a learning mechanism. The third approach, termed: multiple pools, is characterized by robots that use different genotypes. The application domain implements a pursuit-evasion game in which teams of robots of various sizes, termed: predators, collectively work to capture either one or two others, termed: prey. These artificial evolution approaches are also compared with a static rule based cooperative pursuit strategy specified a priori. Results indicate that the multiple pools approach is superior comparative to the other approaches in terms of measures defined for prey-capture strategy performance. That is, this approach facilitated specialization of behavioral roles allowing it to be effective for all predator team sizes tested.
On Coverage Optimization in Single Frequency Network for Digital Broadcasting

By the emerging digital sound broadcasting (DAB) the network operators have to solve a new type of planning problems. In contrast with traditional (FM) broadcasting, where the main issue of network planning is the frequency assignment, designers of Single Frequency Networks can manipulate mainly with the transmitters' location, power and antenna height. The planning process includes optimization problems of very high complexity. This paper investigates the applicability of stochastic optimization methods, particularly of Simulated Annealing, to the SFN design. In order to create a finite discrete problem, the area to be covered is described by a set of selected testpoints considering the population, roads, etc. Our concept for constructing objective functions allows for including economic considerations into the optimization process. This method ensures that - beside satisfying the coverage constraints - the algorithm searches for solutions that minimize installation/provisioning costs. A few numerical examples are presented in the paper demonstrating that simulated annealing can result in high quality solutions for SFN in feasible time. With integrating cost factors into the objective function, cost-minimized solutions can also be achieved. Some interesting phenomena concerning the usage of stochastic optimization are also concluded in the paper.
Learning Attentional Recurrent Neural Network for Visual Tracking

Existing visual tracking methods face many challenges: 1) the changed size and number of targets over time, occlusion in discrete frames, and mis-identification for crossing targets. Long short-term memory (LSTM) has the advantage of modeling long-term tasks and is suitable for tracking. We propose a novel online attentional recurrent neural network (ARNN) model for visual tracking, whose core component is a two-layer bidirectional LSTM along the $x$- and $y$-axes. Several bidirectional LSTMs can be cascaded or parallelly connected together to exploit multiscale target features and can give more precise tracked object locations. Each bidirectional LSTM utilizes the convolutional features of a convolutional neural network inside two bounding boxes from two frames to check whether the target in the current frame is the one in previous frames. An attention mechanism is also adopted to enhance the proposed model to better express the patch-level features of the tracking targets. Interattention and intra-attention models are proposed to imitate the temporal and spatial tracking mechanism of primate visual cortex. Interattention learns to overcome the occlusion problem, and intra-attention is able to mark important regions to better trace the target. The bidirectional LSTM and the attention mechanism are jointly trained. The combination of them further improves the accuracy of target tracking in videos. The outstanding performances in the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed online method ARNN and yield competitive results compared with the state-of-the-art tracking methods.
A Taylor polynomial expansion line search for large-scale optimization

In trying to cope with the Big Data deluge, the landscape of distributed computing has changed. Large commodity hardware clusters, typically operating in some form of MapReduce framework, are becoming prevalent for organizations that require both tremendous storage capacity and fault tolerance. However, the high cost of communication can dominate the computation time in large-scale optimization routines in these frameworks. This thesis considers the problem of how to efficiently conduct univariate line searches in commodity clusters in the context of gradient-based batch optimization algorithms, like the staple limited-memory BFGS (LBFGS) method. In it, a new line search technique is proposed for cases where the underlying objective function is analytic, as in logistic regression and low rank matrix factorization. The technique approximates the objective function by a truncated Taylor polynomial along a fixed search direction. The coefficients of this polynomial may be computed efficiently in parallel with far less communication than needed to transmit the highdimensional gradient vector, after which the polynomial may be minimized with high accuracy in a neighbourhood of the expansion point without distributed operations. This Polynomial Expansion Line Search (PELS) may be invoked iteratively until the expansion point and minimum are sufficiently accurate, and can provide substantial savings in time and communication costs when multiple
Modelo de mejora continua en la productividad de empresas de cartón corrugado del área metropolitana de la ciudad de México

The aim of this research consisted in determining how the involvement of people as a measurement of continuous improvement, is associated with productivity of cardboard companies in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, with the purpose to develop a model that fix a strategy to increase productivity. In that order, the supposition was that if the involvement of people is generated, then the problems of productivity will be reduced. The research considered the theoretical evolution of productivity and continuous improvement concepts as variables. In case of productivity, the term has not changed significantly since Sumanth established a wider concept named Total Productivity and this has been more relevant in industry. However, recent studies of productivity have been oriented towards the personnel performance. The research followed not only a hypothetic – deductive method, but also a technological foundation to develop a continuous improvement model. From results of the representative companies of cardboard companies analyzed, it is considered that the more important factors of the continuous improvement are personnel training and management support. Also, quality of materials is relevant. Finally, in this sense, it was developed de TOYA Index as a representative indicator to measure the continuous improvement in organizations through the involvement of people. This index is an original contribution of this document which is being supported by a wide bibliography and empirical research. It has been started its application in related companies of the cardboard industries in Mexico.
Intervention effects and the acquisition of relativization and topicalization in Chinese

Aquesta tesi tracta l’adquisicio de la relativitzacio i la topicalitzacio en xines. Mitjancant un serie d'experiments, obtinc els resultats segu? ents. En primer lloc, les frases de relatiu d'objecte son mes mal compreses i produides que les de subjecte en els nens de tres a set anys d’edat. En segon lloc, les relatives de subjecte tambe presenten unes certes dificultats de comprensio i donen lloc a diversos errors en els nens fins als sis anys. En tercer lloc, l’experiment d'elicitacio va donar com a resultat molts SNs resumptius en tots els grups d'edat (inclosos els adults); per a molts parlants natius del xines, les frases de relatiu amb SNs resumptius son acceptables en xines parlat. En quart lloc, els nens de tres a sis anys entenen les frases amb topicalitzacio d’objecte tan be com entenen les frases amb topicalitzacio de subjecte; en els dues estructures els nens assoleixen nivells adults als cinc anys. La dificultat assenyalada amb les frases de relatiu d’objecte pot explicar-se mitjancant una analisi en termes de Minimitat Relativitzada. Proposo que la intervencio estructural del subjecte entre el nucli del relatiu i la seva copia son la font de la dificultat. Pel que fa a la topicalitzacio, els resultats indiquen que la topicalitzacio en xines no involucra el moviment A’, sino una relacio anaforica entre la categoria buida pro i un topic generat a la base.
Spesifisitas Substrat Dinoflagellata Epibentik Penyebab Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Berdasarkan Analisis Aku Dan Afk Di di Perairan Pulau Harapan, Kepulauan Seribu

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) yang disebabkan oleh Ciguatoksin, dihasilkan oleh beberapa jenis Dinoflagellata epibentik yang umumnya menempel pada makroalga. Dinoflagellata epibentik juga dapat menempel pada substrat lain, seperti pada sedimen atau pecahan karang. Penelitian mengenai Dinoflagellata epibentik telah dilakukan di Pulau Harapan, Kepulauan Seribu pada bulan Maret 2013, di empat stasiun yang terletak di sisi timur, utara, selatan, dan barat pulau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesifisitas substrat Dinoflagellata epibentik pada berbagai macam tipe substrat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengoleksi berbagai substrat di rataan terumbu setiap stasiun yaitu pasir, karang mati, lamun Thallasia , dan makroalga Padina , untuk kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam wadah plastik berisi air laut. Setelah itu, untuk melepaskan Dinoflagellata bentik dari substrat, dilakukan proses pengocokan. Sampel kemudian disaring dengan saringan bertingkat (125µm dan 20µm) dan diamati di bawah mikroskop. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Faktorial Koresponden (AFK) dan Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh dua belas spesies Dinoflagellata epibentik yang tujuh diantaranya merupakan spesies yang berpotensi toksik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis AFK dan AKU diketahui bahwa spesifisitas substrat dari Gambierdiscus toxicus adalah makroalga; Amphidiniopsis hirsutum , Prorocentrum concavum, Coolia sp. , dan Amphidinium sp. adalah substrat pasir; Ostreopsis ovata, Ostreopsis lenticularis, dan Prorocentrum rhatymum adalah substrat lamun, karang, dan pasir; Ostreopsis siamensis, Prorocentrum lima, Prorocentrum emarginatum , dan Sinophysis microcephalus adalah substrat lamun, karang, dan makroalga.
Motivations to join primary teaching profession: the case of Fiji

The study reported here focuses on motivations for joining the teaching profession. In particular, motives of the entrants joining the primary teaching force were investigated. The trainees at Lautoka Teachers’ College in Fiji responded to a questionnaire aimed at identifying their motives for choosing primary teaching as a career. Analysis of the results indicated that a large percentage of trainee teachers enrolled at the College were genuinely interested in becoming a teacher, and that a small percentage of them did not consider teaching as their career choice. The paper also discusses implications pertinent to student selection at the College.
Prevalence of Psychological Distress in Suriname in Urban and Rural Areas: the Suriname Health Study

Objective: To describe the presence of mental distress in a representative sample of the Surinamese ethnic groups in the population, across urban and rural areas. Design and Methods: The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was applied to data from the Suriname Health Study (n=5,434 (15 to 65 years)) designed according to WHO Steps guidelines, to determine prevalences for mental distress in all living areas. Calculations were made in subgroups of sex, age, ethnicity, education, income, marital and employment status. The Odds Ratio (OR) for Sex and Ethnicity was estimated for mild-moderate and severe mental distress. Results: An overall prevalence of 3.8% (95%CI, 3.3-4.4) was observed for severe mental distress, 4.9% (95% CI, 4.4-5.5) for moderate mental distress and 10.8% (95%CI,10.0-11.6) for mild mental distress. The OR for mild-moderate and severe mental distress was 0.7 and 0.5 for men compared to women and higher prevalence of all categories of mental distress were found in women compared to men. Respondents with lower education and lower income showed higher prevalence of all categories of mental distress. Prevalence was also higher among respondents living in urban versus rural coastal areas, among singles versus people living with a partner and in unemployed versus employed. Maroons had higher Odds for mild-moderate and severe mental distress compared to Hindustani. Amerindian and Javanese had lower Odds for mild-moderate mental distress and Creole had lower Odds for Severe mental distress compared to Hindustani. Conclusions: Overall 19.5% of respondents reported mental distress. The main risk factors were female gender, Maroon ethnicity, low level of education and income, living in urban areas, unemployment and being single. DOI: 10.14302/issn.2644-1101.jhp-17-1665 Correspondence author: ISK Krishnadath, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Anton de Kom University of Suriname. Ingrid.krishnadath@uvs.edu
ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR DE LA COMUNIDAD SARCOSAPRÓFAGA EN CÓRDOBA (ARGENTINA): APLICACIÓN A LA ENTOMOLOGÍA FORENSE

Se ha desarrollado un estudio preliminar de la comunidad de artropodos entomosarcosaprofagos asociados a cuerpos en descomposicion en una zona hemisinantropica de Cordoba (Argentina), perteneciente a la region Mediterranea del pais. Este estudio resulta ser el primero llevado a cabo en dicha zona. Los muestreos se realizaron durante la primavera austral, en el mes de noviembre, empleando como dispositivo de colecta una trampa de Schoenly modifi cada, cebada con cadaver de ave. Se recogieron 3427 adultos y 456 inmaduros pertenecientes a 11 ordenes diferentes de artropodos. Durante el proceso se reconocieron cinco fases de descomposicion (estado fresco, enfi sematoso, de descomposicion, descomposicion tardia y esqueletizacion). Se presenta la fauna asociada a cada una de las etapas, asi como los resultados globales de la comunidad encontrada, haciendo enfasis en las especies mejores indicadoras de intervalos postmortem.
Psychologie des foules

« Les civilisations ont ete creees et guidees jusqu’ici par une petite aristocratie intellectuelle, jamais par les foules. Ces dernieres n’ont de puissance que pour detruire. Leur domination represente toujours une phase de desordre. Une civilisation implique des regles fixes, une discipline, le passage de l’instinctif au rationnel, la prevoyance de l’avenir, un degre eleve de culture, conditions totalement inaccessibles aux foules, abandonnees a elles-memes. Par leur puissance uniquement destructive, elles agissent comme des microbes qui activent la dissolution des corps debilites ou des cadavres. Quand l’edifice d’une civilisation est vermoulu, les foules en amenent l’ecroulement. C’est alors qu’apparait leur role. Pour un instant, la force aveugle du nombre devient la seule philosophie de l’histoire. » Les idees exposees dans cet ouvrage, publie en 1895, semblerent alors fort paradoxales. Ce texte est devenu un classique, traduit dans de nombreuses langues, dont la lecture et l’etude sont toujours d’actualite et font partie de la formation de toutes les nouvelles generations de jeunes sociologues.
Stata par la pratique: statistiques, graphiques et éléments de programmation

Stata par la pratique par Eric Cahuzac et Christophe Bontemps propose une introduction complete a l'usage de Stata en Francais. S'appuyant sur des exemples clairs ecrits dans un langage simple, cet ouvrage guide l'utilisateur au travers des differentes fonctionnalites de Stata 10. L'ensemble des outils necessaires a un travail sur donnees est aborde : exploration des donnees, statistiques descriptives, modelisation, inference, tests, graphiques, ainsi que les sorties pour publication. En outre, l'ouvrage inclut egalement une introduction a la programmation et propose des extraits de code utiles pour resoudre les problemes frequemment rencontres par les utilisateurs. Il contient le materiel essentiel pour transformer le debutant en expert, la clarte de l'ouvrage rendant ce processus particulierement rapide.
Robust and real-time motion capture of rigid bodies based on stereoscopic vision

This paper presents a stereoscopic vision system developed to measure the motion of rigid bodies in real-time along its six degrees of freedom (6DOF). The idea was to use it in the measurement of the motions of a full-scale oil tanker moored at the oil terminal of the Port of Leixoes, Portugal, in the scope of an R&D project. Prior to its installation on site the system was tested and validated in laboratory. For that, use was made of ongoing physical model tests of the behaviour of a moored oil tanker (scale 1/100). To analyse its accuracy the results obtained with the developed system were compared with a commercial motion capture system built for “in house” applications.
Patterns of care and predictors of survival among DCIS patients: An NCDB analysis.

e12515Background: The optimal treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains controversial. The aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate patterns of treatment, and 2) identify predictors of survival among patients diagnosed with DCIS. Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried to identify all patients diagnosed with DCIS between 2004-2013. After applying exclusion criteria, Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to compare treatment groups and estimate risk of death stratified by demographics, clinical features, and treatment delivered. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was utilized to match three treatment cohorts of interest: lumpectomy alone, lumpectomy with radiation/mastectomy without hormonal therapy (local therapy group), and lumpectomy with radiation/mastectomy with hormonal therapy (systemic therapy group). Results: Among 57,960 patients diagnosed with DCIS who met inclusion criteria, the mean age at diagnosis was 59. Patients who received lumpectomy al.
Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy of Mothers Within 6 Weeks of Delivery

Introduction: Promoting and maintaining breastfeeding is an important part of the healthcare, nutrition and other social measures required to promote proper growth and development of infants, and a major component of primary healthcare. Several factors affect onset and duration of breastfeeding. Self-efficacy is one of those factors that can be modified, but has been less studied. Objective : The present study aimed to determine some risk factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers within 6 weeks of delivery. Materials and Methods : This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study recruited 767 mothers presenting to Family Health and Research Center in Rasht in 2013, using consecutive sampling (for 6 months). Data was collected using demographic questionnaires and Dennis Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSEF). Data was collected in two phases: on the 3 rd -5 th days and the 6 th week after delivery. The minimum and maximum breastfeeding self-efficacy scores in BSEF are 14 and 70, respectively. If a subject's score is above average, she has high breastfeeding self-efficacy and vice versa. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regressions) were used to analyze the data. The confidence interval of 95% and a significance level of P<0.05 were considered. Results: The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of breastfeeding self-efficacy score were 57.64±9.94 and 62.66±7.57, respectively on the 3 rd -5 th days and the 6 th week after delivery. The group that exclusively breastfed their newborns had higher than average breastfeeding self-efficacy scores compared to other mothers. The multivariate regression model showed that the variables of educational level (secondary school P=0.002, B=2.25; and high school diploma, P=0.03, B=1.51), pain (P=0.01, B=1.6), breastfeeding discontinuation because of pain (P=0.02, B=2.67), having a successful breastfeeding experience (P=0.01, B=1.93), and exclusive breastfeeding (P=0.01, B=6.28) had statistically significant relationships with breastfeeding self-efficacy. Conclusion: According to the results, breastfeeding self-efficacy influenced the status and type of breastfeeding, hence, necessary interventions should be made to remove the barriers to and resolve the problems of mothers for exclusive breastfeeding.