Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Status of the Daito Scops Owl on Minami-daito Island, Japan

Estado De Otus Elegans Interpositus En La Isla Minami-daito, Japon Otus elegans esta listada en la Lista Roja de Especies Amenazadas del 2004 de la UICN como casi amenazada, y la subespecie O. e. interpositus esta listada como en peligro en el Libro Rojo de Datos de Okinawa. O. e. interpositus es endemica de las Islas Minami-daito y Kita-daito, las cuales se localizan a 360 km de la Isla Okinawa (25°50′N, 131°14′E), Japon. Desde el 22 de marzo al 12 de mayo de 2005, contamos el numero de machos que respondieron a llamadas reproducidas en la Isla Minami-daito. Confirmamos la presencia de 245 machos, 155 de los cuales respondieron en duetos con las hembras. Basandonos en dos calculos diferentes de la probabilidad de deteccion, estimamos que el numero de parejas fue de 199 o 210. Esta especie probablemente se encuentra cerca de su capacidad de carga en el area de refugios de la Isla Minami-daito. Cualquier reduccion del numero de refugios probablemente provocara la disminucion del numero de individuos de est.
SIMULATION OF A NOVEL MULTI LEVEL INVERTER TOPOLOGY FOR INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE APPLICATIONS

This paper presents a novel multilevel inverter for inductor motor drive applications. The use of MLIs in medium and high power applications are increasing due to reduced voltage stress across the switches and lower total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output waveform. But the conventional MLIs requires more number of switches as the level increases for reducing the THD of the output waveform. This paper presents a new MLI inverter topology with reduced number of power electronic components. The proposed inverter produces thirteen level output voltage using only 9 switches and a diode. For generating thirteen level output voltage conventional Hbridge MLI uses 12 switches, which increase the cost as well as switching losses. This paper presents the comparison between cascaded H-bridge MLI and symmetrical and asymmetrical configuration of the proposed inverter. Finally induction motor fed from the proposed MLI is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and the corresponding results are presented. KeywordsInduction motor, Multilevel inverter, symmetrical configuration and Total harmonic distortion, Voltage source inverter.
Epiphytism of dinoflagellates associated with the disease ciguatera: substrate specificity and nutrition

Abstract Five dinoflagellate species associated with the disease ciguatera were found in abundance in the Florida Keys on one seagrass and 15 species of macro algae in the divisions Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. One ciguatera dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus toxicus Adachi & Fukuyo, had maximum mean abundance (2279 ± 200 cells g−1 w/w) on Heterosiphonia gibbesii (Harvey) Falkenberg (Rhodophyceae). The abundance of G. toxicus was positively correlated (r = 0.88, P < 0.01) with macroalgal surface area, of which H. gibbesii had the highest (225 cm2 g−1). Growth rates of axenic cultures of G. toxicus and the concentration of the complete, aqueous extract of H. gibbesii were positively correlated (r = 0.95, P < 0.01), with a growth rate maximum of 0.58 division day−1 at 10% of full sunlight. Growth in media supplemented with separate fractions of the extract indicated that the lipid phase promoted better growth rates than the protein/carbohydrate phase (0.34 division day−1 vs 0.26 division day−1, at 6% .
MINIMUM-ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A DOUBLE STATOR INDUCTION MOTOR OPERATING IN DYNAMIC REGIME

In this paper a problem of energy optimization of a double stator induction motor (DSIM) is considered. Using the concept of a rotor field oriented control (RFOC); the DSIM BlondelPark model is used as dynamic constraints in an optimal control problem. A cost function consists o f linear combination of magnetic energy, copper losses and mechanical power is minimized in order to find minimum-energy rotor flux trajectories. From calculus of variations a system of nonlinear differential equations are obtained, and analytical solutions are achieved in the case of accelerate an d decelerate mode of the DSIM speed. These solutions gave during the two modes a time varying trajectories of a minimum-energy rotor flux. These trajectories are implemented in the optimal rotor flux oriented control (ORFOC) of the DSIM and compared to the conventional RFOC at different dynamic regime of the DSIM. Simulation results are given and improved the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Body size and the number of vertebrae in the nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius)

Intraspecific variation in the number of vertebrae is common and taxonomically widespread, although the possible adaptive significance of this variability remains poorly understood. If body size is influenced by the number of vertebrae, then an increased number of vertebrae could facilitate reaching a large body size, and provide a proximate explanation for sex and population differences in mean body size. We tested these predictions using data from 12 populations of nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius), which are known to differ genetically in mean body size, as well as to show a high degree of female-biased sexual size dimorphism. After controlling for the confounding effects of habitat, sex, and population of origin, there was weak and habitat-specific positive association between body size and the number of vertebrae. However, viewed across different populations, there was no correlation between mean body size and the number of vertebrae. Similarly, although females (the larger sex) had, on average, more vertebrae than males, the degree of sexual dimorphism in the number of vertebrae and body size were uncorrelated across populations. Furthermore, there was no relationship between latitude and the mean number of vertebrae, revealing that vertebral numbers in the nine-spined stickleback do not follow Jordan’s rule (i.e. increase with increasing latitude). Taken together, the results obtained in the present study suggest that vertebral number only has a very limited influence on intraspecific patterns of body size variation in the nine-spined stickleback. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, , –. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Gasterosteidae – geographical variation – Jordan’s rule – sexual dimorphism.
Phylogenetic relationships in Saussurea (Compositae, Cardueae) sensu lato, inferred from morphological, ITS and trnL-trnF sequence data, with a synopsis of Himalaiella gen. nov., Lipschitziella and Frolovia

Abstract Raab-Straube, E. von: Phylogenetic relationships in Saussurea (Compositae, Cardueae) sensu lato, inferred from morphological, ITS and trnL-trnF sequence data, with a synopsis of Himalaiella gen. nov., Lipschitziella and Frolovia. — Willdenowia 33: 379–402. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2003 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and from the chloroplast trnL-trnF regions of 47 species of all six subgenera and 13 sections of Saussurea were analysed. The cladogram resulting from ITS sequence data indicates that Saussurea in its present circumscription is paraphyletic. S. sect. Elatae and S. subg. Jurinocera together are sister to the genus Jurinea. The affinities of S. subg. Frolovia are unclear, while representative species of the remaining four subgenera and ten sections form a strongly supported monophyletic group. Within this clade, the delimitation of S. subg. Eriocoryne and S. subg. Amphilaena against S. subg. Saussurea is not evident. The trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequences show a remarkable synapomorphy, a 21bp insertion, for Jurinea cyanoides, S. deltoidea, S. ceratocarpa and S. frolovii, supporting the paraphyly of Saussurea. These results correspond to differences in morphological characters of achenes and pappus, which also suggest that S. sect. Elatae, S. subg. Jurinocera and S. subg. Frolovia are not closely related to the remainder of the genus. Consequently, S. sect. Elatae is separated as the new genus Himalaiella, and the small generic segregates Frolovia and Lipschitziella are resurrected. A synopsis of these three genera is presented and the new combinations Himalaiella abnormis, H. afghana, H. albescens, H. auriculata, H. chenopodiifolia, H. chitralica, H. deltoidea, H. foliosa, H. heteromalla, H. nivea, H. peguensis, Frolovia frolovii and F. gorbunovae are validated.
Electric Vehicle Speed Control using Self-adaptive PI Gains using PSO

Permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has the capability to produce efficient performance with high torque/current and power/weight ratios. Therefore PMSM has been used in a wide range of modern variable speed AC drives such as electric vehicle (EV) applications. Because of the high nonlinearity of PMSM system modelling, the gains of PI controller have significant effects on the performance during different operating points. In this study, particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to specify the optimal PI controller's gains for a wide range of operation. A comparison between fixed and variable gains is investigated. The optimal results are used to map the PI controller's gains at variable operating load speed and torque using mathematical surface fitting tool for online gains adaptation. The proposed methodology is applied on the EV as a case study at different driving cycles.
Role of ICT in Smart Grid

—History has proved that there has not been a reasonable up gradation in the power grid of 20th century, and the current electric power network is ill-suited for 21st century. An efficient, reliable and secure delivery of energy to the consumer is required in a modern power grid infrastructure. Especially for the countries like Pakistan, where energy crisis is severe, modern power infrastructure can contribute in presenting a solution of the crisis. According to a report generated by Asian Development Bank, Pakistan is facing the transmission and distribution losses of up to 24.3%. A major flaw of the present power grid infrastructure is the lack of information & communication technologies (ICT) and load management system. The challenges being faced by existing power grid can be addressed with the introduction of new emerging smart grid technologies. Smart grid technologies facilitates the power grid with efficient sensing, faults detection, automatic meter reading, modern information and communication technology, proper energy management systems based on customer’s demand and supply optimization, resilience, self-healing and sustainability. This paper overviews the issues in implementation of the information and communication technologies. It also highlights the challenges like different time spans in meter data collection and management, safe and secure communications at the deployment level, etc.
Harmonic Analysis of Photovoltaic Fed Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter using Modified Artificial Neural Network with Intelligent Optimization Techniques

This paper presents the harmonic elimination in a Photovoltaic fed Grid connected asymmetric cascaded multilevel inverter (AMLI) supplied with diverse input sources from solar Photo Voltaic’s (PV) using the modern intelligent techniques such as Modified Artificial Neural Networks (MANNs) with Enriched chicken Swarm Optimization (ECSO). AMLI topology decreases the quantities of semiconductor switches. The power yield is then sifted utilizing passive inductor part and afterwards synchronized to feed the Grid control framework. In MANN based approach, the switching angles are acquired with the fundamental component kept steady and lower order harmonics are limited or removed. The collection of information with shifting input voltages and exchanging edges are prepared with MANN. The equipped system is coordinated with sun oriented PV framework to decrease the harmonics. Also, the target work for the proposed idea is performed using optimization strategies to get the ideal switching angles required for the inverter switches. The modeling of solar panel is produced which fills in as the contribution to recreation. The Matlab/Simulink simulation results are compared with past reviews. The proposed combination offers a brilliant execution with important outcome in most minimal THD acquired and furthermore empowers the inverter to work under unhinged PV conditions exhaustively.
Light-Triggered Catalytic Performance Enhancement Using Magnetic Nanomotor Ensembles

Micro/nanomachines have attracted extensive attention in the biomedical and environmental fields for realizing functionalities at small scales. However, they have been rarely investigated as active nanocatalysts. Heterogeneous nanocatalysts have exceptional reusability and recyclability, and integration with magnetic materials enables their recovery with minimum loss. Herein, we propose a model active nanocatalyst using magnetic nanomotor ensembles (MNEs) that can degrade contaminants in an aqueous solution with high catalytic performance. MNEs composed of a magnetite core coated with gold nanoparticles as the nanocatalyst can rotate under the action of a programmable external field and carry out rapid reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The hydrogen bubbles generated in the catalytic reaction provide random perturbations for the MNEs to travel in the reaction solution, resulting in uniform processing. The reduction can be further boosted by irradiation with near-infrared (NIR) light. Magnetic field induces the rotation of the MNEs and provides microstirring in the catalysis. Light enhances the catalytic activity via the photothermal effect. These MNEs are also capable of moving to the targeted region through the application of a programmable magnetic field and then process the contaminant in the targeted region. We expect that such magnetic MNEs may help better in applying active heterogeneous nanocatalysts with magnetic field and light-enhanced performance in industrial applications due to their advantages of low material cost and short reaction time.
Running head: O-Methyltransferases involved in noscapine biosynthesis

Noscapine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid produced in opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum ) and other members of the Papaveraceae. It has been used as a cough suppressant and more recently was shown to possess anticancer activity. However, the biosynthesis of noscapine in opium poppy has not been established. A proposed pathway leading from ( S )-reticuline to noscapine includes ( S )-scoulerine, ( S )-canadine and ( S )- N -methylcanadine as intermediates. Stem cDNA libraries and latex extracts of eight opium poppy cultivars displaying different alkaloid profiles were subjected to massively parallel pyrosequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Comparative transcript and metabolite profiling revealed the occurrence of three cDNAs encoding O -methyltransferases designated as SOMT1, SOMT2 and SOMT3 that correlated with the accumulation of noscapine in the eight cultivars. SOMT transcripts were detected in all opium poppy organs, but were most abundant in aerial organs where noscapine primarily accumulates. SOMT2 and SOMT3 showed strict substrate- and regiospecificity as 9- O -methyltransferases targeting ( S )-scoulerine. In contrast, SOMT1 was able to sequentially 9- and 2- O -methylate ( S )-scoulerine yielding ( S )-tetrahydropalmatine. SOMT1 also sequentially 3’- and 7- O -methylated both ( S )-norreticuline and ( S )-reticuline with relatively high substrate affinity yielding ( S )-tetrahydropapaverine and ( S )-laudanosine, respectively. The metabolic functions of SOMT1, SOMT2 and SOMT3 were investigated in planta using virus-induced gene silencing. Reduction of SOMT1 or SOMT2 transcript levels resulted in a significant decrease in noscapine accumulation. Reduced SOMT1 transcript levels also caused a decrease in papaverine accumulation confirming the selective roles for these enzymes in the biosynthesis of both alkaloids in opium poppy . noscapine antitumor that arrests metaphase apoptosis
THREE PHASE CHBMLI BASED SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER FOR THD MITIGATION USING HYBRID CONTROL TECHNIQUES

Abstract: Nowadays, in power electronic devices the power quality associated problems are more preoccupied. Different methods of power devices are needed for compensating PQ disturbances. For increasing the PQ one of the power electronic devices used is active power filter (APF). The performance of Shunt APF must be improved by reducing the PQ disturbances. For increasing the behavior of SAPF and PQ compensation a hybrid controller is developed in this paper. The combination of GA and RBFNN method is utilized by deduce the source current for compensation of Shunt APF and decreasing PQ issues. By using SAPF the harmonic disturbances are decreased. The developed hybrid controller method is utilized to make constant DC voltage in the DC link capacitor of the developed MLI. Consequently, developed method uses Harmonic analysis for estimating the THD values. The developed technique is executed in matlab Simulink model. The behavior of developed technique is appraised and differentiated with PI and fuzzy logic controllers.
Some Physiological and Toxigenic Properties of Members of the Genus Micrococcus in relation to Taxonomy.

The controversy over the validity of the existence of the two genera Micrococcus and Staphylococcus (1, 7, 8, 9, 17) has been reopened recently. Resolution of the question had been attempted in the last edition of the Bergey Manual (5) by relegation of the genus Staphylococcus to a position of synonymy and definition of a series of species of Micrococcus to comprehend those of the two former genera closely in accord with the work of Hucker (12). Apart from the question of the respective taxonomic legitimacy of retention of the two generic names (l), argument favouring recognition of the generic name Staphylococcus seems to centre upon a primary intent to reserve the generic name Staphylococcus for toxigenic forms of the non-chained Gram-positive micrococci. It has been suggested that t he proposed genus be based upon the type s pecies Staphylococcus - aureus Rosenbach (for which the specific name Pyogenes has also been preferred (8)) and for which culture F.D. A. 209 P (15) and, more recently, S33 R4 (7) have each been proposed as the type-culture in the absence of an adequate record of a typeculture for the genus as originally propounded by Rosenbach (9). A number of properties other than the rrkeyrr characteristics listed in the Bergey Manual have been described as being helpful aids in classification of this heterogeneous group, particularly with the objective of distinguishing between toxigenic (or pathogenic) and nontoxigenic forms. Gupta and Chakravarti (10) have recorded that pathogenic strains of the micrococci provide positive tests for both the methyl red and Voges Proskauer reactions while Evans, Bradford, and Niven (8) refer to "coagulase-posit ive staphylococci'l as "one of the most hamogeneous species of bacteria to be found in any genus" and recommend that this species be recognized as the type species for the genus Staphylococcus, a species s aid to be differentiable f urther by its property of the production of acid from glucose anaerobically in a defined complex medium. 'A contribution from the Microbiology Section of the Laboratories of the Food and Drug Directorate, Department of National H ealth and Welfare, Ottawa, Canada.
Glucosinolates and Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Wild and Cultivated Brassica Species

Synthetic lines of Brassica napus were derived by combining the genomes of B. atlantica and B. oleracea var. alboglabra, which were respectively resistant and susceptible to foliar infection by Leptosphaeria maculans, with a susceptible line of B. rapa. Resistance was expressed in the synthetic lines containing the genome of B. atlantica. The high levels of alkenyl glucosinolates which occur in leaves of B. atlantica, and which have been implicated in disease resistance, were also expressed within the synthetic lines, although the dominant glucosinolate had changed from sinigrin to glucobrassicanapin. Disease resistance and glucosinolate profiles did not co-segregate in F2 progeny from crosses between the synthetic lines.
IMAGE DENOISING USING WAVELET BASED CONTOURLET TRANSFORM

: The Contourlet transform consists of two modules: the Laplacian Pyramid and the Directional Filter Bank. When both of them use perfect reconstruction filters, the contourlet expansion and reconstruction is a perfect dual. Therefore, the contourlet transform can be employed as a coding scheme. The contourlet coefficients derived above can be transmitted through the wireless channel in the same way as transmitting the original image, where the transmission is prone to noise and block loss. However, the reconstruction at the receiver performs differently if the image is transmitted directly or coded by the contourlet transform. This paper studies the performance of the contourlet coding in image recovery and denoising. The simulation results show that for general images the contourlet transform is quiet competitive to the wavelet transform in the SNR sense and in the visual effect. Further, the contourlet transform can be used in a wireless face recognition system to extract the unique feature that other transforms cannot discover, For face recognition system, the recovery of the original image is not essential anymore; therefore, the resources on the image reconstruction from the contourlet coefficient can be saved.
Artiﬁcial Neuron-Glia Network Including Random Glia Pulse Generation

—A human brain is composed of two kinds of cells which are a neuron and a glia. These cells correlate each other and compose a higher brain functions. In this study, we propose an artiﬁcial neuron-glia network including including oscillatory glia excitation threshold. This network based on a multilayer perceptron and glias are connected with neurons in a hidden layer. The glia is excited by the output of connected neuron. Then, the glia generates a pulse, and this pulse transmits to neighboring glias and the connected neuron. In this model, we introduce a randomly oscillation to a glia excitation threshold. This oscillation gives a probabilistic glia excitation in near the glia excitation threshold. We consider that the probabilistic glia excitation is efﬁciency to a network learning. By computer simulation, we conﬁrm that the proposed model has better performance than the conventional models.
An Exploratory Investigation Of Some Work Related Values Among Middle Managers In Egypt

The authors report on the findings of a preliminary investigation into the work-related attitudes and values prevalent among a sample of Egyptian middle managers. The study utilised Hofstede’s four dimensions of national culture, encompasses both Egyptian owned and Multi-national organisations and takes into account the teachings of Islam and their potential influence upon work related values and beliefs. The findings indicate some consistency with Hofstede’s original findings regarding work related values in Arab countries but they also demonstrate some consistency with predicted outcomes of the process of globalisation and greater exposure to external influences. The most intrigueing finding suggests that there might be reasons for questioning whether masculinity and femininity are opposite ends of a single dimension since the sample studied appear to exhibit high levels of both. The implications of these findings for work team effectiveness are also briefly discussed.