Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reference dependent ambiguity aversion: theory and experiment

In standard models of ambiguity, the evaluation of an ambiguous asset, as of a risky asset, is considered as an independent process. In this process only information directly pertaining to the ambiguous asset is used. These models face significant challenges from the finding that ambiguity aversion is more pronounced when an ambiguous asset is evaluated alongside a risky asset than in isolation. To explain this phenomenon, we developed a theoretical model based on reference dependence in probabilities. According to this model, individuals (1) form subjective beliefs on the potential winning probability of the ambiguous asset; (2) use the winning probability of the (simultaneously presented) risky asset as a reference point to evaluate the potential winning probabilities of the ambiguous asset; (3) code potential winning probabilities of the ambiguous asset that are greater than the reference point as gains and those that are smaller than the reference point as losses; (4) weight losses in probability heavier than gains in probability. We tested the crucial assumption, reference dependence in probabilities, in an experiment and found supporting evidence.
A HYBRID ASR MODEL APPROACH ON WEAKLY LABELED SCENE CLASSIFICATION Technical Report

This paper presents our submission to task 4 of the DCASE 2018 challenge. Our approach focuses on refining the training labels by using a HMM-GMM to obtain a frame-wise alignment from the clip-wise labels. Then we train a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN), as well as a single gated recurrent neural network on those labels in standard cross-entropy fashion. Our approach utilizes a ”blank” state which is treated as a junk collector for all uninteresting events. Moreover, Gaussian posterior filtering is introduced in order to enhance the connectivity between segments. Compared to the baseline result, the proposed framework significantly enhances the models capability to detect short, impulsively occurring events such as speech, dog, dishes and alarm. Our best submission on the test set is a CRNN model with Gaussian posterior filtering, resulting in a 19.37 % macro average, as well as 24.41 % micro average F-score.
Biosynthefic Responses of the Rabbit Cornea to o Kerotectomy Wound

Following a corneal wound involving removal of the epithelium and basement membrane, the epithelium must migrate across bare stroma. To examine the effect of the removal of the basement membrane on epithelial migration and on protein and glycoprotein synthesis in both the epithelium and stroma, we performed superficial keratectomies on rabbits and allowed the corneas to heal in organ culture. We then analyzed the following parameters: (1) rate of epithelial wound closure; (2) proteins synthesized during epithelial wound closure in both the epithelium and stroma using SDS-PAGE; and (3) presence of fibronectin in the epithelium and stroma using immunodot blots and immunofluorescence. We found that: (1) a 7 mm keratectomy wound heals in 66 hr with a maximal rate of epithelial migration of 0.83 mm/hr; (2) four proteins, 400+K, 220K, 70K, and 58K, are present in the epithelium migrating to close the wound that are not seen in the control epithelium; (3) a 220K band is seen in the wounded stroma but not in control stroma; and (4) fibronectin represents 2% of the total protein in the stroma 66 hr post-keratectomy but less than 0.02% in wounded epithelium, unwounded epithelium, and unwounded stroma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 28:1668-1677,1987
Quantifying seascape structure: extending terrestrial spatial pattern metrics to the marine realm

Spatial pattern metrics have routinely been applied to characterize and quantify struc- tural features of terrestrial landscapes and have demonstrated great utility in landscape ecology and conservation planning. The important role of spatial structure in ecology and management is now commonly recognized, and recent advances in marine remote sensing technology have facilitated the application of spatial pattern metrics to the marine environment. However, it is not yet clear whether concepts, metrics, and statistical techniques developed for terrestrial ecosystems are relevant for marine species and seascapes. To address this gap in our knowledge, we reviewed, synthesized, and evaluated the utility and application of spatial pattern metrics in the marine science literature over the past 30 yr (1980 to 2010). In total, 23 studies characterized seascape structure, of which 17 quan- tified spatial patterns using a 2-dimensional patch-mosaic model and 5 used a continuously varying 3-dimensional surface model. Most seascape studies followed terrestrial-based studies in their search for ecological patterns and applied or modified existing metrics. Only 1 truly unique metric was found (hydrodynamic aperture applied to Pacific atolls). While there are still relatively few studies using spatial pattern metrics in the marine environment, they have suffered from similar misuse as reported for terrestrial studies, such as the lack of a priori considerations or the problem of collinearity between metrics. Spatial pattern metrics offer great potential for ecological research and environmental man- agement in marine systems, and future studies should focus on (1) the dynamic boundary between the land and sea; (2) quantifying 3-dimensional spatial patterns; and (3) assessing and monitoring seascape change.
On-ratio PDMS bonding for multilayer microfluidic device fabrication

Integrated elastomeric valves, also referred to as Quake valves, enable precise control and manipulation of fluid within microfluidic devices. Fabrication of such valves requires bonding of multiple layers of the silicone polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The conventional method for PDMS–PDMS bonding is to use varied ratios of base to crosslinking agent between layers, typically 20:1 and 5:1. This bonding technique, known as ‘off-ratio bonding’, provides strong, effective PDMS–PDMS bonding for multi-layer soft-lithography, but it can yield adverse PDMS material properties and can be wasteful of PDMS. Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of ‘on-ratio’ PDMS bonding, in which both layers use a 10:1 base-to-crosslinker ratio, for multilayer soft lithography. We show the efficacy of this technique among common variants of PDMS: Sylgard 184, RTV 615, and Sylgard 182.
Economic Dispatch of Microgrids

The concept of MicroGrid (MG) has been proposed as a way to solve several problems associated with the integration of small generators in distribution feeders. The ability of MG operates either connected to the main grid or as an island, without the need of a fast and sophisticated central control, allows exploring in large scale, the use of the renewable and nonrenewable electricity generating technologies in the local consumption. However, new solutions are required to become MicroGrids technically secure and reliable as well as economically attractive. This work presents the results of economic dispatch applied to MGs operating as an island and connected to the grid. The optimization algorithm was developed and implemented in Matlab®. The profits obtained when MicroGrid operates in Optimal Power Flow (OPF) allow assessing the degree of complexity that the Local Supervisory Controller can achieve without compromising the economic viability of MicroGrid. The controller performance is evaluated by using power flow for various combinations of generation and load.
THE MEGASECOND CHANDRA X-RAY VISIONARY PROJECT OBSERVATION OF NGC 3115: WITNESSING THE FLOW OF HOT GAS WITHIN THE BONDI RADIUS

Observational confirmation of hot accretion model predictions has been hindered by the challenge to resolve spatially the Bondi radii of black holes with X-ray telescopes. Here, we use the Megasecond Chandra X-ray Visionary Project observation of the NGC 3115 supermassive black hole to place the first direct observational constraints on the spatially and spectroscopically resolved structures of the X-ray emitting gas inside the Bondi radius of a black hole. We measured temperature and density profiles of the hot gas from a fraction out to tens of the Bondi radius (RB = 2.″4–4.″8 = 112–224 pc). The projected temperature jumps significantly from ∼0.3 keV beyond 5″ to ∼0.7 keV within ∼4″–5″, but then abruptly drops back to ∼0.3 keV within ∼3″. This is contrary to the expectation that the temperature should rise toward the center for a radiatively inefficient accretion flow. A hotter thermal component of ∼1 keV inside 3″ (∼150 pc) is revealed using a two-component thermal model, with the cooler ∼0.3 keV thermal component dominating the spectra. We argue that the softer emission comes from diffuse gas physically located within ∼150 pc of the black hole. The density profile is broadly consistent with ρ∝r−1 within the Bondi radius for either the single temperature or the two-temperature model. The X-ray data alone with physical reasoning argue against the absence of a black hole, supporting that we are witnessing the onset of the gravitational influence of the supermassive black hole.
Current and future levels of mercury atmospheric pollution on global scale 1

a NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, PO Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway 6 b Meteorological Synthesizing Centre East of EMEP, 2nd Roshchinsky proezd, 8/5, office 207, 7 115419 Moscow, Russian Federation 8 c CNR – Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, UNICAL-Polifunzionalie, 9 Rende 87036, Italy 10 d University of Groningen, Arctic Centre, Aweg 30, 9718 CW Groningen, The Netherlands 11 e CNR – Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 12 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy 13 g IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, PO Box 53201, 400 14 Gothenburg, Sweden 14 15
Participatory evaluation of agent-based land-use models

A key issue facing contemporary agent-based land-use models (ABLUMs) is model evaluation. In this article, we outline some of the epistemological problems facing the evaluation of ABLUMs, including the definition of boundaries for modelling open systems. In light of these issues and given the characteristics of ABLUMs, participatory model evaluation by local stakeholders may be a preferable avenue to pursue. We present a case study of participatory model evaluation for an agent-based model designed to examine the impacts of land-use/cover change on wildfire regimes for a region of Spain. Although model output was endorsed by interviewees as credible, several alterations to model structure were suggested. Of broader interest, we found that some interviewees conflated model structure with scenario boundary conditions. If an interactive participatory modelling approach is not possible, an emphasis on ensuring that stakeholders understand the distinction between model structure and scenario boundary conditions will be particularly important.
On the Background-gyroresonant Character of Bell’s Instability in the Large-current Regime

We show that the Bell instability, which is widely considered potentially important for cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration, is the low-frequency limit of a gyroresonant interaction between the protons of the interstellar medium and shear-Alfvén waves. At large CR current densities, its growth rate is therefore limited by the proton gyrofrequency, and two modes emerge from the cold-beam dispersion relation. A third mode driven by electron gyroresonance is only weakly unstable at low current densities. We discuss implications for magnetic field amplification and its saturation in the vicinity of supernova remnants.
Comparison of Unidirectional Barbed Suture Compared to Conventional Braided Suture at the Time of Cesarean Section

Background: The bidirectional barbed suture has been reported as effective as conventional suture in various soft-tissue closure sites. The objective of this manuscript is to evaluate periand postoperative outcomes using a Unidirectional Barbed Suture (UBS) compared to Conventional Braided Suture (CBS) at time of Cesarean section closure. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated women (n=138) undergoing cesarean delivery with either UBS using the V-LocTM wound closure device (Covidien) (n=106) or CBS (Vicryl®, Ethicon) (n=32) by a single practice. Outcomes measured included operative time; estimated (EBL) and objective blood loss; hospital stay; and peri-, postoperative, and overall complications. Deliveries prior to 28 weeks gestational age and women <18 years of age were excluded. Student’s t-test and chi-square were used for data analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Operative time for the UBS group was similar to the CBS group (35.0 min vs. 35.91 min; p=0.69), as was EBL (572 mL vs 625 mL, p=0.51); change in hemoglobin (1.8 g/dL vs 1.7 g/dL, p=0.84); hospital stay (3.25d vs 3.19d, p=0.63); and overall complications (19.8%, n=21 vs 12%, n=4, p=0.35). Conclusion: UBS is not inferior to CBS at the time of Cesarean section closure with respect to operative time, blood loss, or complications, and may be considered as an adjunctive suture in the closure of the Cesarean incision given the equal safety and efficacy.
Adaptive estimating function inference for nonstationary determinantal point processes

Estimating function inference is indispensable for many common point process models where the joint intensities are tractable while the likelihood function is not. In this article, we establish asymptotic normality of estimating function estimators in a very general setting of nonstationary point processes. We then adapt this result to the case of nonstationary determinantal point processes, which are an important class of models for repulsive point patterns. In practice, often first‐ and second‐order estimating functions are used. For the latter, it is a common practice to omit contributions for pairs of points separated by a distance larger than some truncation distance, which is usually specified in an ad hoc manner. We suggest instead a data‐driven approach where the truncation distance is adapted automatically to the point process being fitted and where the approach integrates seamlessly with our asymptotic framework. The good performance of the adaptive approach is illustrated via simulation studies for non‐stationary determinantal point processes and by an application to a real dataset.
Unexpected secondary flows in reverse nonequilibrium shear flow simulations

We simulated two particle-based fluid models, namely multiparticle collision dynamics and dissipative particle dynamics, under shear using reverse nonequilibrium simulations (RNES). In cubic periodic simulation boxes, the expected shear flow profile for a Newtonian fluid developed, consistent with the fluid viscosities. However, unexpected secondary flows along the shear gradient formed when the simulation box was elongated in the flow direction. The standard shear flow profile was obtained when the simulation box was longer in the shear-gradient dimension than the flow dimension, while the secondary flows were always present when the flow dimension was at least 25% larger than the shear-gradient dimension. The secondary flows satisfy the boundary conditions imposed by the RNES and have a lower rate of viscous dissipation in the fluid than the corresponding unidirectional flows. This work highlights a previously unappreciated limitation of RNES for generating shear flow in simulation boxes that are elongated in the flow dimension, an important consideration when applying RNES to complex fluids like polymer solutions.
Adoption of integrated soil fertility management by groundnut farmers in Eastern Uganda

Access to information and new technologies avails smallholder farmers an opportunity to improve their production decisions. However, access to information on technologies per se may not be relevant if the technologies are not adopted. This study was aimed at determining the factors that enable participants to access information on integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) technologies and to apply these technologies in groundnut production. It was conducted in the major groundnut producing districts of Tororo, Mbale, and Bukedea; where 155 Producers were surveyed. Probit and Multinomial Logit (MNL) models were fitted to the data using STATA analytical package. The results reveal that on average, producers in production groups were more likely to access information and to use new groundnut production technologies compared to their counterparts without groups. In addition, group membership, sex of farmer, and education also pre-disposed producers and processors to access and use new groundnut technologies. Smallholder farmers should be encouraged to form and work in groups as they facilitate knowledge sharing and technology adoption. Key words: Groundnut, capacity building, knowledge access, multinomial logit, Uganda.
EMPIRICALLY GROUNDED CLAIMS ABOUT CONSCIOUSNESS IN COMPUTERS

Research is starting to identify correlations between consciousness and some of the spatiotemporal patterns in the physical brain. For theoretical and practical reasons, the results of experiments on the correlates of consciousness have ambiguous interpretations. At any point in time a number of hypotheses co-exist about and the correlates of consciousness in the brain, which are all compatible with the current experimental results. This paper argues that consciousness should be attributed to any system that exhibits spatiotemporal physical patterns that match the hypotheses about the correlates of consciousness that are compatible with the current experimental results. Some computers running some programs should be attributed consciousness because they produce spatiotemporal patterns in the physical world that match those that are potentially linked with consciousness in the human brain.
The Effect of Partial Replacement of Fish Meal Protein by Dietary Hydrolyzed Fish Protein Concentrate on the Growth Performance of Orange-Spotted Grouper Epinephelus coioides

In the recent decades, the interest in grouper aquaculture has been reported to increase rapidly in several Asian countries [1,2]. As a marine carnivorous fish, grouper require high level protein in the diet [3,4], and most of practical feed contain high amount of fish meal as a main protein source [5]. However, the increasing price of fish meal is the most important concern related to economics and availability of this ingredient in the future [6,7], and fish feed industry challenges to reduce dietary fish meal level. Therefore, the replacement of fish meal with alternative protein sources in fish diet is ongoing research priority to fish nutrition [8].
Parallel Optimal Grid-Clustering algorithm exploration on MapReduce Framework

The MapReduce frame work is one which is proven that is as the best suitable framework which can be used to carry out Big data analytics. The big data analytics playing a vital role in real time data analysis applications. Where as in the conventional data mining techniques the clustering technique is proven as that the most useful technique for effective data analysis. From our literature review we found that there are no sufficient clustering techniques suitable for processing big data. Taking this as a disadvantage we are exploring the optimal grid clustering techniques for big data analysis using MapReduce architecture. The initial level experiments conducted using this proposed model is shown magnificent upshot.
Minimax optimal rates for Mondrian trees and forests

Introduced by Breiman (2001), Random Forests are widely used as classification and regression algorithms. While being initially designed as batch algorithms, several variants have been proposed to handle online learning. One particular instance of such forests is the Mondrian Forest, whose trees are built using the so-called Mondrian process, therefore allowing to easily update their construction in a streaming fashion. In this paper, we study Mondrian Forests in a batch setting and prove their consistency assuming a proper tuning of the lifetime sequence. A thorough theoretical study of Mondrian partitions allows us to derive an upper bound for the risk of Mondrian Forests, which turns out to be the minimax optimal rate for both Lipschitz and twice differentiable regression functions. These results are actually the first to state that some particular random forests achieve minimax rates \textit{in arbitrary dimension}, paving the way to a refined theoretical analysis and thus a deeper understanding of these black box algorithms.
ON THE NATURE OF THE TERTIARY COMPANION TO FW TAU: ALMA CO OBSERVATIONS AND SED MODELING

It is thought that planetary mass companions may form through gravitational disk instabilities or core accretion. Identifying such objects in the process of formation would provide the most direct test for the competing formation theories. One of the most promising candidates for a planetary mass object still in formation is the third object in the FW Tau system. We present here ALMA cycle 1 observations confirming the recently published 1.3 mm detection of a dust disk around this third object and present for the first time a clear detection of a single peak 12CO (2–1) line, providing direct evidence for the simultaneous existence of a gas disk. We perform radiative transfer modeling of the third object in FW Tau and find that current observations are consistent with either a brown dwarf embedded in an edge-on disk or a planet embedded in a low inclination disk, which is externally irradiated by the binary companion. Further observations with ALMA, aiming for high SNR detections of non-contaminated gas lines, are required to conclusively unveil the nature of the third object in FW Tau.
Acute Encephalitis Due to Human Herpesvirus

G. Chaumentin, A. Boibieux, M. A. Piens, C. Douchet, P. Buttard, J. L. Bertrand, and D. Peyramond Service de Pathologie Infectieuse et Tropicale, Hopital de la CroixRousse, Lyon; Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Faculte Rockefeller, Lyon; Laboratoire de Mycologie, Faculte de Medecine, CHU Bretonneau, Tours; and Service de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Unite 51, H6pital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
Using personal narratives to explore multiple identities in organisational contexts

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and incorporate personal narratives as a new methodological tool into the qualitative research of complex organisational issues such as identity. Particularly, this study provides a fresh methodological perspective on organisational identity exploration by using personal narratives to examine multiple identities that occur in dynamic organisational contexts. Design/methodology/approach In order to examine multiple identities, personal narratives found in the 43 semi-structured in-depth interviews collected were analysed. These narratives were examined following a textual and performative analysis. Findings The paper furthers methodological discussions in organisations in three ways. First, it responds to the need for a methodological approach that allows multiple identity exploration in organisations while it presents personal narratives as a valuable methodological perspective within organisational research. Second, it extends the methodological use of personal narratives for the in-depth qualitative study of complex organisational issues such as identity. Finally, the study stretches the boundaries of mainstream organisational research by illustrating that personal narratives can be used as a methodological approach to explore organisational identities. Originality/value This research integrates personal narratives as a methodological tool into the qualitative research of dynamic organisational issues. Employing personal narratives has allowed the exploration of multiple identities that take place in organisations in a manner not previously achieved in organisational studies. The study, therefore, challenges previous organisational research and expands the boundaries of organisational identity studies, offering a new qualitative methodological account for identity exploration in organisations.