Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BENAJMIN LLOYD OWEN ST05002650 SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF WALES INSTITUTE CARDIFF A COMPARISON OF THE VO2 KINETIC RESPONSE BETWEEN 400- AND 1500-METRE TRACK

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate if a difference existed in the time course of 400and 1500m track athletes, in response to supramaximal treadmill running. Methods: Twelve collegiate level male athletes consisting of seven 400-metre sprinters (mean ± SD 400: age 20.7 ± 1.4 yr; max 62.8 ± 6.7 mL·kg·min; Personal best 50.08 ± 0.65 seconds) and five 1500-metre middle distance athletes (mean ± SD 1500: age 21 ± 0.9 yr; max 73.16 ± 4.6 mL·kg ·min; Personal best 4.06 ± 0.2.5 minute, seconds) were used as subjects in the investigation. Each subject completed an initial incremental steady state max treadmill test to determine maximal treadmill velocity at V max. Subsequent exercise transitions of 3 minutes at 110% of peak max treadmill velocity. (km·h ) to represent supramaximal intensity treadmill running were then used as a means of modelling the response to supramaximal intensity running. Pulmonary gas measurement was measured breath-by-breath and H.R was taken at 5-s intervals. Results: T-tests revealed that no significant difference (P= 0.1993) exists between the mean τ response exists between 400and 1500-metre athletes in the 2 O V&
Parts-per-billion Limits of Detection via Absorbance Spectroscopy: An Ultraviolet (254 nm) Absorbance Detector for Liquid Chromatography using a Light Emitting Diode (LED)

An absorbance detector for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed using a commercially available light emitting diode (LED) at 254 nm. Use of the LED was investigated due to its low output power fluctuation, which should minimize noise and maximize performance. This detector has been characterized and used to perform several separations of relevance to the atmospheric chemistry of airborne particulate matter, specifically, brown carbon (BrC) or humic-like substances (HULIS). The study of atmospheric BrC can be aided by sensitive and general detection schemes, such as absorbance detection. Owing to the exceptional output stability of the LED, the absorbance detector exhibited 3σ detection limits of 130 nmol/L (18 ppb) for the chromatography of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and the detector itself demonstrated noise-equivalent absorption of approx. 180 μAU. The detector was applied to the separation of products resulting from the photo-Fenton reaction of guaiacol. No fewer than 15 individual peaks are noted in the resulting chromatogram. The sensitivity provided is a valuable tool for the chemical analysis of complex samples requiring chromatography.
The Rare Earth Peak : A New r-Process Diagnostic

The potential of an astrophysical environment for making r-process elements has been typically characterized by the neutron-to-seed ratio. We consider the rare earth peak as a new and independent tool for understanding the astrophysical conditions favorable for the main r-process. In the context of a high entropy r-process we discuss rare earth peak formation. We use features of a successful rare earth region to explore the types of astrophysical conditions that produce abundance patterns that best match data. This analysis allows for tighter constraints on the astrophysical conditions even after uncertainties in nuclear physics such as separation energies and neutron captures are taken into account. The efficacy of this tool depends on the input nuclear physics and so we point out important rates in the region which have the most influence on the final abundance pattern.
Development of transverse ridges on rock glaciers: field measurements and laboratory experiments

Very high‐resolution photogrammetric and geodetic measurements about the deformation of transverse ridges on Murtèl, Muragl and Suvretta rock glaciers in the Swiss Alps are discussed. The ridges are advected downstreams with a speed that equals the overall speed of the creeping permafrost within the significance level of the applied techniques. Any process of ridge formation is, thus, overlain on the mass creep. In fact, measurements yield local speed maxima on top of the ridges that can be explained by differential movement due to ridge growth through bulging under compressive flow. This hypothesis is consistent with results from laboratory experiments that were performed on a model ramp employing mixtures of Xanthan Gum, sand and gravel. Indications were also found that overthrusting is involved in the development of transverse ridges on rock glaciers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometry of phase space and solutions of semilinear elliptic equations in a ball

We consider the problem {-Δu=u p +λu in in B, u>0 in B, u=0 on ∂B, where B denotes the unit ball in R N , N > 3, A > 0 and p > 1. Merle and Peletier showed that for p > N+2/N-2 there is a unique value A = λ* > 0 such that a radial singular solution exists. This value is the only one at which an unbounded sequence of classical solutions of (1) may accumulate. Here we prove that if additionally p 0 0 in B, u = 0 on ∂B, where f(s) = s p + s q , 1 < q < p, and p satisfies the same condition as above.
Delta-like 4 on nascent myotubes activates Notch3 to regulate self-renewal in skeletal muscle stem cells

Notch signalling is essential to maintain skeletal muscle stem cells in quiescence. The precise roles of the different Notch receptors are, however, incompletely defined. Here we demonstrate a role for Notch3 in the self-renewal of muscle stem cells. We found that Notch3 is active in quiescent C2C12 reserve cells, and Notch3 over-expression and knockdown studies in C2C12 and primary satellite cells reveal a role in self-renewal. The Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4) is expressed by newly formed myotubes and interaction with this ligand is sufficient to maintain Notch3 activity in quiescent C2C12 reserve cells to prevent activation and progression into the cell cycle. Thus our data suggest a model whereby during regeneration, expression of Dll4 by nascent muscle fibres triggers Notch3 signalling in associated muscle stem cells to recruit them to quiescence, thereby renewing the stem cell pool.
HARDWARE-FRIENDLY CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK WITH EVEN-NUMBER FILTER SIZE

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has led to great advances in computer vision. Various customized CNN accelerators on embedded FPGA or ASIC platforms have been designed to accelerate CNN and improve energy efficiency. However, the odd-number filter size in existing CNN models prevents hardware accelerators from having optimal efficiency. In this paper, we analyze the influences of filter size on CNN accelerator performance and show that even-number filter size is much more hardware-friendly that can ensure high bandwidth and resource utilization. Experimental results on MNIST and CIFAR-10 demonstrate that hardware-friendly even kernel CNNs can reduce the FLOPs by 1.4× to 2× with comparable accuracy; With same FLOPs, even kernel can have even higher accuracy than odd size kernel.
Applying Hyperspectral Imaging to Heart Rate Estimation for Adaptive Automation

Abstract : Automation use continues to increase in Air Force systems with the goal of improving operator efficiency and effectiveness. Unfortunately, systems are often complex, potentially imposing increased mental task load on the operator, or placing the operator in a supervisory role where they can become dependent on automation. Adaptive automation is a proposed solution, where automation is triggered when an operator is overloaded, and disabled as the operator is underloaded. Changes in physiological measures have shown promise in triggering automation. Unfortunately heart rate measurement can be obtrusive and impractical in day-to-day operations. This research used the Air Force Multi-Attribute Task Battery to impose varying task loads on subjects while monitoring their performance, recording their heart rate information with an electrocardiogram and obtaining subjective estimates of mental workload. Simultaneously, hyperspectral images were captured to determine if changes in heart rate might be identified through these images, providing a remote assessment of heart rate (HR). HR and several heart rate variability measurements where significantly affected by Task Load. A linear regression model was developed to predict subjects' perceived workload as a function of a proposed summary performance metric and HR measures. Additionally, this research identified several requirements for remote HR monitoring techniques.
LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY

Model compression is significant for the wide adoption of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) in both user devices possessing limited resources and business clusters requiring quick responses to large-scale service requests. This work aims to learn structurally-sparse Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) by reducing the sizes of basic structures within LSTM units, including input updates, gates, hidden states, cell states and outputs. Independently reducing the sizes of basic structures can result in inconsistent dimensions among them, and consequently, end up with invalid LSTM units. To overcome the problem, we propose Intrinsic Sparse Structures (ISS) in LSTMs. Removing a component of ISS will simultaneously decrease the sizes of all basic structures by one and thereby always maintain the dimension consistency. By learning ISS within LSTM units, the obtained LSTMs remain regular while having much smaller basic structures. Based on group Lasso regularization, our method achieves 10.59× speedup without losing any perplexity of a language modeling of Penn TreeBank dataset. It is also successfully evaluated through a compact model with only 2.69M weights for machine Question Answering of SQuAD dataset. Our approach is successfully extended to nonLSTM RNNs, like Recurrent Highway Networks (RHNs). Our source code is available1.
Valence and arousal norms for Swedish affective words

Valence and arousal has been found to influence memory performance, both independently and in interaction with each other. In order to conduct studies measuring the effect of valence on memory while controlling for arousal, we aimed to develop a validated list of Swedish words that were all rated medium on arousal, while rated neutral or negative on valence. 131 participants rated 50 words each for valence and arousal. In total, 100 words were rated and are presented here together with two measures of how frequently they appear on blogs and newspapers respectively. Emotional events are often better remembered than neutral ones. Emotional events however often differ from neutral ones in many ways and thus it is hard to determine what is the exact mechanism involved in this enhanced memory effect. Compared to neutral events, emotional events are often more unusual, distinctive, arousing and related to important life goals or events. This means that more attention is paid to them at encoding, and that they are thought about and rehearsed in a higher degree than neutral ones (Fox, 2008, pp.195). The emotional value of an item is commonly classified along two dimensions: valence and arousal. An item that is high on valence is positive, pleasant or appetitive, while an item that is low on valence is negative, aversive and results in a defensive response. The arousal dimension describes the intensity of the activation that an item results in (Lang, 2010). Both valence and arousal seem to have independently enhancing effects on memory with a greater effect of arousal (Kensinger & Corkin, 2003). There are also interaction effects between arousal and valence, where the items that are best remembered are those that are both unpleasant and highly arousing (Kaestner & Polich, 2011). The enhanced memory effect of valence and arousal also seem to be based on distinct neural processes (Kensinger, Corkin & Raichle, 2004; Mickley Steinmetz & Kensinger, 2009). Valence and arousal have for example been showed to have different effects on the role of sleep in emotional memory (Kaestner, Wixted & Mednick, 2013) and to affect intentional memory suppression differently in a Think/No Think task (Marx, Marshall & Castro, 2008). Emotional items often differ from neutral ones in both valence and arousal. This present study was conducted in order to create a validated list of Swedish words that were similar in arousal and differed only in valence. The purpose of this was to have a word list to be used in studies measuring the effect of valence on memory while controlling for the effect of arousal. The aim of the study was to create two sets, one with words that were low on valence and medium in arousal, and one with words that were neutral both in valence and arousal.
Like a glittering prize: The impact of perceived risk and trust as determinants of online purchasing behaviour in the gemstone industry

Findings on the impact of perceived risk and trust in online purchasing are usually based on evidence obtained from the purchase of inexpensive, uncomplicated, and hence low risk products such as books, compact disks (CD’s, DVD’s), or clothing. Antecedents of perceived risk and trust are also not usually addressed in these studies. This study shows that the type of Internet marketing strategy (the place strategy), the buyer’s privacy and security concerns influence a buyer’s perceived risk to purchase gemstones online. Findings also show that perceived risk reduces trust and trust was positively associated with the amount purchased online.
Running Head: MALE BODY IMAGE CONCERNS

Previous studies have separately examined conformity to masculine norms and internalization of body ideals in the media in relation to the drive for muscularity (DM). This study was designed to examine these factors together in relation to DM, and further examine how they may differ in relation to drive for thinness (DT) and drive for leanness (DL). Participants were 284 Australian males between ages 18 to 42. They completed validated measures that assessed DM, DT, DL, male gender role norms, and internalization of body ideals. The findings showed that internalization of body ideals mediated the relationship between masculine role norms and body image in the case of both DM and DL. However, masculine norms and internalization were independent predictors of DT. Our findings contribute to further understanding of the roles that the media and masculine norms have in shaping men’s drive for muscularity, leanness, and thinness. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm the nature and direction of these relationships.
TRANSMISSION IN COOPERATIVE COGNITIVE NETWORK VANETS

The vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system is an active radio broadcast system to receive information of disseminated road congestion and accident in realtime situation. V2V and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication are developed based on the IEEE 802.11p technology, ad hoc principles, and wireless multi-hop techniques using geographical positions. Cognitive radio (CR) system can dynamically access any available resources in radio spectrum in an opportunistic fashion, which not only significantly improved the spectrum utilization, but also better satisfied the user service requirements. In this paper, the simulation results indicate that, when vehicles are unable to communicate directly with other available network nodes, infrastructure or vehicles, relaying information is crucial in such perceiving environment.
KNOW THE STAR, KNOW THE PLANET. V. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STELLAR COMPANION TO THE EXOPLANET HOST STAR HD 177830

HD 177830 is an evolved K0IV star with two known exoplanets. In addition to the planetary companions it has a late-type stellar companion discovered with adaptive optics imagery. We observed the binary star system with the PHARO near-IR camera and the Project 1640 coronagraph. Using the Project 1640 coronagraph and integral field spectrograph we extracted a spectrum of the stellar companion. This allowed us to determine that the spectral type of the stellar companion is a M4 ± 1 V. We used both instruments to measure the astrometry of the binary system. Combining these data with published data, we determined that the binary star has a likely period of approximately 800 years with a semimajor axis of 100–200 AU. This implies that the stellar companion has had little or no impact on the dynamics of the exoplanets. The astrometry of the system should continue to be monitored, but due to the slow nature of the system, observations can be made once every 5–10 years.
Rotational Signature and Possible r-Mode Signature in the GALLEX Solar Neutrino Data

Recent analysis of the Homestake data has yielded evidence that the solar neutrino flux varies in time—more specifically, that it exhibits a periodic variation that may be attributed to rotational modulation occurring deep in the solar interior, either in the tachocline or in the radiative zone. Here we present a spectral analysis of the GALLEX data that yields supporting evidence for this rotational modulation. The most prominent peak in the power spectrum occurs at the synodic frequency of 13.08 yr-1 (cycles per year) and is estimated to be significant at the 0.1% level. It appears that the most likely interpretation of this modulation is that the electron neutrinos have nonzero magnetic moment, so that they oscillate between left-hand (detectable) and right-hand (nondetectable) chiralities as they traverse the Sun's internal magnetic field. This oscillation could account for the neutrino deficit. The second strongest peak in the GALLEX spectrum has a period of 52 days, and this period occurs in other solar data as well. We suggest that this periodicity and also the Rieger 154 day periodicity, which shows up in many solar parameters and in the Homestake data, are due to r-mode oscillations.
Stress derivation from earthquake focal mechanisms

2. Single focal mechanisms (FMS) . 2 2.1. Determination of FMS. 2 2.1. 1. First-motion of P waves . 2 2.1. 2. Moment tensor inversion. 4 2.1. 3. Reliability of fault plane solutions . 5 2.2. Limits of the derivation of stress from FMS . 5 2.2.1. General . 5 2.2.2. Fault plane ambiguity. 6 2.2. 3. Internal friction, stress orientations and possible plate boundary events . 6
9. THE SOUTH AMERICAN MONSOON SYSTEM

The main characteristics of the South American monsoon system are reviewed. According to some diagnostics, the wet season in tropical South America begins in early October over the Brazilian highlands and spreads northward. Wet season rain rates are somewhat smaller than those in other continental monsoons. The annual cycle of precipitation is most pronounced in the southern Amazon, where some of the largest seasonal rainfall occurs. Amazonian rainfall extends to the southeast in the South Atlantic convergence zone. Precipitation in this area is out of phase with that farther to the south and is driven synoptically, although intraseasonal variations are evident, including associations with the Madden-Julian oscillation. The El Nino /Southern Oscillation, the largest known forcing of interannual variability, results in decreased precipitation near the Equator and increased precipitation in east-central South America. Within an ENSO cycle, large subseasonal changes also occur as a result of surface feedback. In the Amazon Basin, long-term trends of precipitation are small. Deforestation of the Amazon is likely to reduce rainfall, but its influence on the large-scale circulation is unclear. The effect of increasing CO2 on precipitation is also unclear. Although improving, the present-day climate in coupled models is still not well-simulated and remains an impediment to improved climate forecasts.
CONVERGENCE THEOREMS FOR ASYMPTOTICALLY NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN BANACH SPACES

Let E be a uniformly convex Banach space, and let K be a nonempty convex closed subset which is also a nonexpansive retract of E. Let T : K ! E be an asymptotically nonexpansive mapping with {kn} (1,1) such that P1 n=1 (kn 1) 0, starting with arbitrary x1 2 K, define the sequence {xn} by setting 8 zn=P( 00T(PT) n1 xn+ 00 nxn+ 00 nwn), yn = P( 0T(PT) n1 zn + 0xn + 0 nvn), xn+1 = P( nT(PT) n 1 yn + nxn + nun), with the restrictions P 1=1 n < 1, P 1=1 0 < 1 and P 1=1 00 < 1, where {wn},{vn} and {un} are bounded sequences in K. (i) If E is real uniformly con- vex Banach space satisfying Opial 0 s condition, then weak convergence of {xn} to some p 2 F(T) is obtained; (ii) If T satisfies condition (A), then {xn} convergence strongly to some p 2 F(T).
Safety Platform of Traffic in Cloud Computing Environment

The ever-increasing road traffic collisions, improved gathering, analyzing and tackling constructive information in view of traffic safety has become one of most vital concerns for local traffic authorities. The ultimate goal is to guarantee sound traffic management and rapid access to updated road traffic information for city travelers. Therefore, an effort to devise a traffic safety information platform based on cloud computing technology, which serves as an outstanding channel for message between traffic authority, staff and the public. This platform relies on data gathering & storing using Big data methodologies, analyzing the data using Data warehousing, and mining model, eagerly personalized to present traffic environment and trustworthy data from traffic accidents. The platform is completely integrated with matching variables such as people, vehicles, and environment, weather and road conditions.
Extraction, purification and identification of surface adhesion ligand from Lactobacillus

The objective of this experiment was to purify and analyze adhesion protein from the surface of Lactobacillus. The surface adhesion ligand of Lactobacillus was isolated with of LiCl method and (NH4)2SO4 method, followed by sephadex chromatography, analyzed with discontinuous native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and tested with a binding assay with intestinal epithelial cells. We get the adhesion matter by two methods: ammonium sulfate and LiCl extraction. Further purification with sephadex chromatography produced 3 components. The second component of eluted from chromatography had adhesion enhancing ability compared with the control. A single band was present in discontinuous native—poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and molecular weight was determined to be 43-66 KDa. The purified adhesion ligand can improve the number of Lactobacillus adhering to the intestinal epithelial cells.
A Framework for Outlier Detection in Geographic Spatial Data

Outlier detection is very interesting, useful and challenging problem in the field of data mining. Because of sparse data clustering algorithm which are based on distance will not work to find outliers in spatial data. Problem of finding irregular feature in spatial data need to be explore. Many existing approaches have been proposed to overcome the problem of outlier detection in spatial Geographic data. In this paper an efficient clustering and density based outlier detection framework has been proposed. The process of outlier detection has been categorized into two steps in the first step data has been clustered together based on any density based DBSCAN algorithm and in the second stage outlier detection is performed using LOF. The purpose is to perform clustering and outlier mining simultaneously to improve feasibility of framework. To verify the efficiency and robustness of proposed method, comparative study of proposed approach and several existing approaches are presented in detail, various simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.