Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive CFD methodology for the simulation of Spark Ignited Engines

In this work, a Computational Fluid Dynamic methodology for the simulation of the charge formation process in Gasoline Direct Injection engines is presented. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology suitable in an industrial environment to drive and support the development process of modern GDI engines. A big emphasis is placed on the comparison of the proposed CFD models with experimental data obtained using a single-cylinder optical engine. Chapter 1 describes the working context and sets the aim of the work. After a brief recall of the theoretical background of CFD in chapter 2, an overview of the optical techniques interesting for Internal Combustion Engine applications is presented in chapter 3, and the basic principles of spray atomization theory are reviewed in chapter 4. In chapter 5 the CFD simulations for the charge motion in-cylinder are described. Two different engines were investigated, and the effect of different turbulence models and numerical schemes are analyzed, comparing the results with optical experimental data. The standard k-eps model, together with the MARS numerical scheme, showed the better capability to reproduce the charge motion and turbulence pattern in-cylinder, and therefore they were used for the remaining part of the work. In chapter 7 the injection model used is discussed. Despite a traditional Lagrangian-Eulerian approach, the model presents an innovative procedure capable to reproduce also the liquid core. After that the effects of the use of the liquid core and a bi-component fuel are analyzed, the in-cylinder injection results for the two investigated engines are presented. The injection model shows its capability to correctly reproduce the spray shape and penetration in different operating conditions and for different injector types, using a reduced amount of calibration parameters. Finally, chapter 8 presents some "diagnostic indexes" capable to resume the results of the CFD simulations in a reduced number of parameters. In particular, some indexes to assess the quality of the mixture and the wall impingement tendency are proposed, allowing to use the CFD simulations to address these crucial aspects in the choice of injector targeting and actuation strategy. The proposed methodology allows to use CFD simulations to support the engine development process, and was successfully applied to many different spark ignited engines
Nanomechanical and nanotribological characterization of multilayer self‐lubricating Ti/MoS2/Si/MoS2 nanocoating on aluminium‐silicon substrate

Ti/MoS2/Si/MoS2 multilayer coating was fabricated by a pulse laser deposition method from a titanium, molybdenum disulphide, and silicon targets, and the coating was deposited in layers on aluminium‐silicon substrates, at room temperature. The structural analysis and surface morphology of multilayer Ti/MoS2/Si/MoS2 coating were analysed using X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy integrated with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Nanomechanical tests were performed on Ti/MoS2/Si/MoS2 coating at small loads of 2000 to 6000 μN to study the effect of load on hardness and Young's modulus. Nanoscratch and nanowear tests were conducted on Ti/MoS2/Si/MoS2 coating at a low load of 1000 to 5000 μN and 100 to 500 μN, respectively, to study deformation and failure behaviours of coating/substrate system and also their nanotribological properties. The results show that hardness and Young's modulus of Ti/MoS2/Si/MoS2 coating decrease with increase in load. A low friction coefficient of 0.09 to 0.16 was observed, which proves that the Ti/MoS2/Si/MoS2 coating possesses self‐lubricating property. The wear rate of Ti/MoS2/Si/MoS2 coating increases 3.3 × 10−10 to 7.8 × 10−10 mm3/Nm with increase in load. Ti/MoS2/Si/MoS2 multilayer coating shows a smooth wear track with no cracks and debris on the surface, which attributed plastic flow of softer coating material around the wear track.
The Metrics of Relationships

Abstract In the last two decades, it has been suggested that the marketing discipline is undergoing a paradigm shift from a transactional perspective to a relational perspective (Sheth & Parvatiyar, 2002). At the same time, there has been a call for the discipline to focus on accurate measurement of the outcome of marketing activities (Rust, Ambler, Carpenter, Kumar, & Srivastava, 2004). Extant research in this area has predominantly examined the sales and profitability of relationships through customer life time analysis or examined attitudinal measures such as satisfaction and loyalty. This paper attempts to combine both streams of research by examining the profitability, satisfaction and probability of switching associated with transactional customers, relationship customers (less than five years of relationship) and deep relationship customers (more than five years of relationship) in three business to business industries. The results demonstrate the transactional customers are most profitable followed by relationship and deep relationship customers. The probability of switching was in the reverse direction of profitability and there were no difference in satisfaction measures. Implications for research and practice and also derived in the paper.
THE EFFECT OF ALTERED ROAD MARKINGS ON SPEED AND LATERAL POSITION: A META-ANALYSIS

This report presents the results of a meta-analysis of a number of small scale studies into the effects of changed road markings on the speed and lateral position of motor vehicles. Several kinds of alterations were studied, such as applying an edge line to a previously unmarked road or to a road that was already marked with a center line. First, the general effects of these different kinds of road markings were studied. Next, the study focused on those alterations that correspond to replacing the current road markings in the Netherlands by the markings proposed for the three sustainably safe road categories (through roads, distributor roads and access roads). As far as the general effects of altered road markings are concerned, the results of this meta-analysis showed that adding an edge line or a center line to a road that was previously unmarked leads to an increase in the speed driven and a shift of the lateral position towards the edge of the road. Both effects have been related to negative effects on road safety. The actual effects on road safety are, however, not known, since accident data were not included in the studies on which this meta-analysis was based. With respect to the alteration of road markings as part of the implementation of a sustainably safe traffic system, this meta-analysis shows that until now, very little research has been done on the effects of these alterations on road user behavior. The only sustainably safe road type for which enough data were available was the access road. The results of the experiments that have studied alterations in road markings that were relevant for this type of road, point in the direction of a small decrease (-2 km/hr) of the mean speed driven.
Power and medical knowledge: a qualitative study of attitudes regarding co-occurring depression and chronic diseases in Malawi

Background : Globally, depression is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are also increasing in LMICs, the conditions frequently co-occur and exacerbate NCD outcomes. Depression interventions alone are not effective at improving NCD outcomes resulting in wide-reaching calls for integrated services. Integrated services are in a nascent phase in LMICs in general and in Malawi in particular. This manuscript serves to clarify Malawian patients’ and providers’ attitudes towards depression integration into routine NCD services. Methods : Ten District Hospitals were selected for data collection. Thirty-nine participants were interviewed. An iterative approach to concept-driven coding was applied to facilitate the formation of similarities, differences, and connections between codes. Results : While patients infrequently described moderate depression as a medical condition, and held various attitudes regarding treatments, they agreed on the appropriateness of integrated services. Patients’ respect for their providers led them to support integration. Patients discussed how medical knowledge is highly regarded, revealing a power dynamic with their providers. Both patients and providers further acknowledged the power of a provider’s communication in shaping a patient’s feelings about depression. Conclusions : Training and interventions that facilitate providers abilities to effectively transfer their medical knowledge, use strategies to channel their power, and engage patients in a collaborative relationship will be key to successfully integrating depression treatment into Malawian NCD clinics and other integrative care settings in the region. Trial Registration : This work served as part of formative data collection for National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Trail NCT03711786 registered on 10 th October, 2018
Impact of ethical leadership on employee well-being: the mediating role of job satisfaction and employee voice

There has been a lot of emphases laid upon Business ethics in the organizations and it has influenced the organization’s performance. Therefore, ethical leadership is important as it has influenced the employees profoundly. The literature indicates that a lack of ethical leadership has contributed to the penetration of different forms of corruption and other destructive practices in the organizations that have ultimately caused such corporate failures. However, the literature does not theorize and provide empirical evidence to determine whether ethical leadership affects employee’s wellbeing, Job satisfaction and employee voice. This study aims to address this issue and explore the influence ethical leadership has on employees by examining job satisfaction, employee voice and wellbeing at work. The data was collected from the education sector of Punjab. Our findings based on questionnaires (N=254) from faculty members of the universities. This study shows that ethical leadership has a significant and positive impact on employee well-being, job satisfaction and employee voice. The findings of this study also showed that job satisfaction and employee voice mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and employee well-being. This study also provides important practical implications.
Adobe Flex Builder 3徹底マスター

Ｆｌｅｘ Ｂｕｉｌｄｅｒ３を使ってみよう 初めてのアプリケーション開発 ＡｃｔｉｏｎＳｃｒｉｐｔ３．０で計算させる 関数を定義する プロパティと属性を操作する 制御を指定する トップレベル・クラスを理解する 強化されたＸＭＬ パッケージを理解する コンポーネントを活用する カスタムコーポネントを作成する スタイルとエフェクトを使う ＡＩＲの特徴を活かす
RADAR TRAINING FACILITY INITIAL VALIDATION

Abstract : The Radar Training Facility (RTF), part of the Federal Aviation Administration Academy located at the Oklahoma City Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, is designed to identify, as early as possible, air traffic control specialists who do not demonstrate sufficient potential to perform at radar tasks at the journeyman level. An extensive initial validation effort involving design evaluation, implementation evaluation, and formative evaluation was performed to determine if the system was adequately designed from an educational point of view, if the measures employed were reliable, if the program had a proper concurrent relationship with nonradar Academy measures, and if the difficulty level was appropriate. While the program was not pass/fail during the study, a score of less than 70 was used to calculate experimental pass/fail rates. Data from the initial validation effort indicated that the system was educationally sufficient, reliabilities were low to moderate, the RTF program had a proper concurrent relationship with nonradar measures, and the difficulty level was approximately correct. Information from data collected appeared to be asymptoting, and it was recommended that the program could begin pass/fail. The data for this study were collected prior to the air traffic control specialist's strike, and following the strike the Academy radar phase was sequenced out of the basic training curriculum to a later point (after the developmental ATCS had successfully checked out at the field facility in a nonradar position).
Ground Vehicle System Integration (GVSI) and Design Optimization Model.

Abstract : This report documents the Ground Vehicle System Integration (GVSI) and Design Optimization Model GVSI is a top-level analysis tool designed to support engineering tradeoff studies and vehicle design optimization efforts. The model uses simplified functional and parametric relationships to evaluate system performance issues. GVSI's primary function is to illustrate the dependence of various system and subsystem functions; the goal is to provide a better understanding how a change in the performance of one subsystem affects the rest of the vehicle.
Derivation of Range and Range Distributions From Laser Pulse Waveform Analysis for Surface Elevations, Roughness, Slope, and Vegetation Heights

The primary purpose of the GLAS instrument is to detect ice elevation changes over time which are used to derive changes in ice volume. Other objectives include measuring sea ice freeboard, ocean and land surface elevation, surface roughness, and canopy heights over land. This Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) describes the theory and implementation behind the algorithms used to produce the level 1B products for waveform parameters and global elevation and the level 2 products that are specific to ice sheet, sea ice, land, and ocean elevations respectively. These output products, are defined in detail along with the associated quality, and the constraints, and assumptions used to derive them.
Novel Concepts for Conformal Load-Bearing Antenna Structure

Abstract : This report describes the activities undertaken by the author during his Defence Science Fellowship on the topic of Conformal Load-bearing Antenna Structure (CLAS) at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate, Structures Division, Advanced Structural Concepts Branch (AFRL/VASA), Multifunctional Structures Team at the Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA, from June 2006 to August 2007. The aim of CLAS is to enhance the performance and capability of air vehicles by integrating antennas into the load-bearing airframe structure. The author and AFRL/VASA team devised new CLAS concepts and selected one, Slotted Waveguide Antenna Stiffened Structure (SWASS), for further evaluation. In SWASS the top-hat cross-section stiffeners on thin skins or blade stiffeners in sandwich panels would serve the dual purpose of acting both as structural stiffeners and as slotted waveguide antennas. This concept was partially validated by modelling, design, manufacture and testing at the coupon level. Waveguides were manufactured from carbon fibre reinforced plastic and their insertion loss measured. Conventional AS4/3501-6 prepreg tape waveguides exhibited the lowest losses and, although these losses were well above those for metallic waveguides, they were expected to be acceptable for first generation SWASS antennas. Work is continuing to complete the validation.
Experimental Observations and Theoretical Modeling of Lightning Interaction with Tall Objects

We analyze current records for 21 upward initiated bipolar lightning flashes observed at the Gaisberg Tower (GBT) in Austria from 2000 to 2009. A bipolar lightning flash occurrence of 3% (21/652) is found during the 10-year observation period. Thirteen (62% or 13/21) of them occurred in nonconvective season (September-March). On the basis of the classification suggested by Rakov and Uman (2003), 13 (62%) of the 21 bipolar flashes belong to Type 1 associated with a polarity reversal during the initial stage (IS) current, five belong to Type 2 associated with different polarities of the IS current and the following return strokes, one belongs to Type 3 associated with return strokes of opposite polarity following the IS, and two of them are not assigned. We also find that the initial polarity reversal from negative to positive occurs more often (76% or 16/21) than that from positive to negative within a bipolar flash, in agreement with observations in other studies. The geometric mean (GM) and arithmetic mean (AM) of the total absolute charge transfer are 99.5 C and 125 C, with the GM and AM total flash duration of 320 ms and 396 ms, respectively. From simultaneous current and high-speed video measurements of one bipolar flash, within the field of view, the positive charge was transferred along one branch initially, followed by the negative charge transfer after cessation of the luminosity for 142 ms, while the other two branches connected to the main channel always contributed to the negative charge transfer during the whole process.
Acid-Sensing Histidine Kinase With a Redox Switch

The EvgS/EvgA two-component signal transduction system in Escherichia coli is activated under mildly acidic pH conditions. Upon activation, this system induces the expression of a number of genes that confer acid resistance. The EvgS histidine kinase sensor has a large periplasmic domain that is required for perceiving acidic signals. In addition, we have previously proposed that the cytoplasmic linker region of EvgS is also involved in the activation of this sensor. The cytoplasmic linker region resembles a Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domain, which is known to act as a molecular sensor that is responsive to chemical and physical stimuli and regulates the activity of diverse effector domains. Our EvgS/EvgA reporter assays revealed that under EvgS-activating mildly acidic pH conditions, EvgS was activated only during aerobic growth conditions, and not during anaerobic growth. Studies using EvgS mutants revealed that C671A and C683A mutations in the cytoplasmic PAS domain activated EvgS even under anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, among the electron carriers of the electron transport chain, ubiquinone was required for EvgS activation. The present study proposes a model of EvgS activation by oxidation and suggests that the cytoplasmic PAS domain serves as an intermediate redox switch for this sensor.
Det permanentade provisoriet : ett återanvänt industriområde i väntan på rivning eller erkännande.

In this thesis, the story is told about the 'permanent-provisional state' that has come about in a never completed, and now degenerated, industrial zone in Goteborg. In the "Gustaf Dalen area" there is a rich mixture of activities, and by and large no resident population. Since the 1970s discussions have been underway about renewing the area, which would involve an upgrading of the outer environment, as well as the establishment of new activities, complemented with housing. But in 2002 still not much has happened as to realise any renewal concepts. The recurring discussions about renewal function as a dead hand while awaiting the right situation for implementation. A provisional state has paradoxically become permanent. The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the Gustaf Dalen area as a case of a permanent-provisional state. The term indicates a phenomenon and a specific situation more than a geographical area. Research starting point has been to understand the Gustaf Dalen area and zones like it as environments for everyday life in the city. The overall research method has been heuristic, which among other things is characterised by a searching for relevant issues, perspectives and theories that were not evident from the beginning. The point of departure was the hunch that planning and development appear to have difficulties in adapting to everyday practise and aesthetics. The empirical task has comprised of an examination of the Gustaf Dalen area's historic and formal prerequisites, in addition to throwing light on the initiatives aimed at changing the area to something else. In a comparative study, I attempt to determine the area of application for the term, permanent-provisional state, within the domain of recycled industrial zones. Theoretical reasoning based on the concepts of 'place' and 'power', as well as the phenomena of 'stigmatisation', have furthermore been performed to illuminate the case and the term. On the whole, my conclusion from the investigation is that the Gustaf Dalen area has come to be a case of a permanent-provisional state, because the area lives in tune with its age, but out of time with development and planning trends.
Performance Evaluation of iBeacon Deployment for Location-Based Services in Physical Learning Spaces

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a wireless network technology used for transmitting data over short distances. BLE maintains a data transmission range comparable to the regular Bluetooth transmission, but consumes less energy and cost. iBeacon technology refers to BLE mobile devices, which allow mobile applications to receive signals from iBeacons in both indoor and outdoor environments. It is commonly used nowadays for positioning, location services, navigation and marketing, for the sustainable development of smart cities. The applications, however, can be further enhanced for use in many disciplines, such as education, health sector, and exhibitions for disseminating information. This study performed a set of robustness and performance tests on BLE-based iBeacons in the teaching and learning environments to evaluate the performance of iBeacon signals for positioning. During robustness testing, positioning accuracy, signal availability and stability were assessed under different environmental conditions, and the findings suggested pedestrian traffic blocking the line of sight between iBeacon and receiver, causing the most signal attenuations and variation in RSSI. In performance testing, a series of tests was conducted to evaluate the deployment of the iBeacons for positioning; leading to recommendations of iBeacon deployment location, density, transmission interval, fingerprint space interval and collection time in physical learning spaces for sustainable eLearning environments.