Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding trends in stratospheric NOy and C .

Nitrous oxide (N20), an important greenhouse gas, has been increasing since 1980 at a rate of about +3% per decade. Recently, a notably greater rate of increase of about +5% per decade since 1980 was reported for measurements of stratospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over Lauder, New Zealand. Since N20 is the dominant source of odd-nitrogen compounds in the stratosphere, including NO•, this presents an obvious conundrum. Analysis here shows that these apparently conflicting trends are generally consistent when viewed in a global-change framework, specifically, when concurrent trends in stratospheric ozone and halogens are included. Using a combination of photochemical and three-dimensional chemistry-transport models, we predict a 1980-2000 trend in the NO•, as measured over Lauder, New Zealand, of +4.3%/decade when these concurrent rends are considered. Of this, only +2.4%/decade is attributed directly to the increase in N•O; the remainder includes +2.5%/decade due to the ozone change and -0.6%/decade to the increased halogens' impact on odd-nitrogen partitioning. The slant column densities of NO•, as measured from the zenith scattered sunlight during twilight, are found to (1) overestimate the trend by +0.4%/decade as compared to the true vertical column densities and (2) display a diurnally varying trend with a maximum during the night and large gradients through sunrise and sunset in good agreement with measurement. Nonetheless, measurements such as these are essential for identifying global change and provide a lesson in understanding it: careful simulation of the time, location, and geometry of measurements must be combined with concurrent trends in related chemical species and climate parameters.
Filtered Extreme Value Theory for Value-At-Risk Estimation

Extreme returns in stock returns need to be captured for a successful risk management function to estimate unexpected loss in portfolio. Traditional value-at-risk models based on parametric models are not able to capture the extremes in emerging markets where high volatility and nonlinear behaviors in returns are observed. The Extreme Value Theory (EVT) with conditional quantile proposed by McNeil and Frey (2000) is based on the central limit theorem applied to the extremes rater than mean of the return distribution. It limits the distribution of extreme returns always has the same form without relying on the distribution of the parent variable. This paper uses 8 filtered EVT models created with conditional quantile to estimate value-at-risk for the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). The performances of the filtered expected shortfall models are compared to those of GARCH, GARCH with student-t distribution, GARCH with skewed student-t distribution and FIGARCH by using alternative back-testing algorithms, namely, Kupiec test (1995), Christoffersen test (1998), Lopez test (1999), RMSE (70 days) h-step ahead forecasting RMSE (70 days), number of exception and h-step ahead number of exception. The test results show that the filtered expected shortfall has better performance on capturing fat-tails in the stock returns than parametric value-at-risk models do. Besides increase in conditional quantile decreases h-step ahead number of exceptions and this shows that filtered expected shortfall with higher conditional quantile such as 40 days should be used for forward looking forecasting.
The Functions Of Taboo Words And Their Translation In Subtitling: A Case Study In “The Help”

Translating taboo words in subtitling especially translating them into Indonesian is quite difficult since most of the Indonesian people are not used to utter taboo or offensive words publicly. In addition, watching movie is more of social activity compared to reading and that is why reading taboo expressions while watching might be embarrassing. This is why this study tries to explore the functions of the taboo words found in “The Help” movie and tries to find out how the translator translate the taboo words into the target language in order to produce the closest functions to the source language without ignoring the technical aspects of subtitling. This study also deals with the strategy used by the translator to translate the taboo words. The main theories proposed herein are from Karamitroglou (1998), Ljung (2011), Toury (1995), and Gottlieb (1992). There are 69 taboo words found in the raw data and the functions of those taboo words are to express sympathy, surprise, disappointment, disbelief, fear, annoyance, metaphorical interpretation, reaction to mishap, to emphasize the associated item, function as adjectival intensifier, name-calling, anaphoric use of epithet, oath, curse, unfriendly suggestion, and four of the taboo words show non-swearing word or in dysphemism form. The strategies applied are omission (17), transfer (27), and euphemism (25). In terms of the technical aspect in subtitling, all of the subtitles in the target language are presented at the maximum of two lines at once. However, there are three lines of the subtitles which exceed the maximum numbers of characters being proposed. Since taboo word is not only used to offend someone, it is important for the translator to get the closest equivalence in the target language in order to maintain its function. The translator may choose whether he/she wants to follow the source language norms to produce adequate target text or follow the target language norms in order to produce acceptable target text. Keywords : translation strategy, subtitling, taboo word, dysphemism, omission, transfer, euphemism
Determination of plastic properties of metals by instrumented indentation using a stochastic optimization algorithm

A novel optimization approach, capable of extracting the mechanical properties of an elasto-plastic material from indentation data, is proposed. Theoretical verification is performed on two simulated configurations. The first is based on the analysis of the load–displacement data and the topography of the residual imprint of a single conical indenter. The second is based on the load–displacement data obtained from two conical indenters with different semi-angles. In both cases, a semi-analytical approach [e.g., Dao et al., Acta Mater. 49 , 3899 (2001) and Bucaille et al., Acta Mater. 51 , 1663 (2003)] is used to estimate Young’s modulus, yield stress, and strain hardening coefficient from the load–displacement data. An inverse finite element model, based on a commercial solver and a newly developed optimization algorithm based on a robust stochastic methodology, uses these approximate values as starting values to identify parameters with high accuracy. Both configurations use multiple data sets to extract the elastic-plastic material properties; this allows the mechanical properties of materials to be determined in a robust way.
Adaptive wavelet simulation of weakly compressible flow in a channel with a suddenly expanded section

We present an adaptive multiresolution simulation method for computing weakly com- pressible flow bounded by solid walls of arbitrary shape, using a finite volume (FV) approach coupled with wavelets for grid adaptation. A volume penalization method is employed to compute the flow in the Cartesian geometry and to impose the boundary conditions. A dynamical adaption strategy to advance both the locally refined grid and the flow in time uses biorthogonal wavelet transforms at each time step. We assess the quality and efficiency of the method fora two-dimensional flow in a periodic channel with a suddenly expanded section. The results are compared with a reference flow obtained by a non-adaptive FV simulation on a uniform grid. It is shown that the adaptive method allows for substantial reduction of CPU time and memory, while preserving the time evolution of the velocity field obtained with the non-adaptive simulation. Resume. Nous developpons une methode de simulation multi-resolution adaptative pour calculer les ´ faiblement compressibles delimites par des parois solides de forme arbitraire, en utilisant des ondelettes et une approcheen volume fini (FV). La penalisation en volume est employee pour calculer l'´ecoulement dans une geometrie cartesienne. Une strategie d'adaptation dynamique pour avancerla fois la grille raffinee localement et le flux en temps utilise l es ondelettes biorthogonaleschaque pas de temps. Onla qualite et l'efficacite de la methode pour un ´ ` deux dimensions dans un canal avec une section soudainementen comparant avec un calcul de reference obtenu par une methode en FV non adaptatif. Il est montre que la methode adaptative permet une reduction substantielle du temps de calcul, tout en preservant l'´evolution temporelle du champ de vitesse obtenu avec la simulation non adaptatif.
In vitro ZnCl 2 cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human leukocytes: Zero-order kinetic cellular zinc influx

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for cellular viability, but concentrations above physiologic level may lead to cellular damage. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro ZnCl 2 genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human leukocyte cells. This was assessed in an unprecedented way that correlated the level of intracellular Zn after cell exposition with the cellular damage. The exposure to increased Zn concentrations (2.5-20 µg mL -1 ), showed significantly reduced cellular leukocyte viability. However, significant DNA damages were observed only when the Zn exposure concentrations were from 10-20 µg mL -1 . The Zn intracellular levels found in leukocytes was from 72.25-268.9 ρg cell -1 , starting to induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at concentrations of 95.68 and 126.2 ρg cell -1 , respectively. The relationship between the exposure concentration and intracellular levels of Zn suggests that the influx of Zn, in the form of ZnCl 2 , occurs in human leukocytes under zero-order kinetics.
Effect of fish sampling and tissue storage conditions in DNA quality: considerations for genomic studies

Population genomics experiments of non-model organisms, such as most commercial fish, rely on isolating good integrity DNA from the study subjects. Yet, this task is not trivial as, when an organism dies, its DNA starts breaking down in small pieces. This process is called DNA degradation and can fortunately be stopped or slowed down by preserving the samples in cold and/or dry conditions. Here, we have assessed the effect of tissue type, storage time, preserving conditions and post-mortem interval in fish DNA integrity. From the four factors tested, post-mortem interval is the one that most drastically affects DNA integrity, tissues sampled after 24 hours of death yielding partial or totally degraded DNA. In order to preserve DNA integrity, we provide some recommendations to be considered when sampling fish tissue for genetic analysis. Resumen Los estudios de genetica de poblaciones en peces de interes comercial dependen de la obtencion de ADN de buena calidad. Esta tarea no es facil ya que, cuando un organismo muere, su material genetico comienza a romperse en fragmentos pequenos en un proceso llamado degradacion. Este proceso no reversible puede afortunadamente detenerse preservando las muestras en condiciones de frio o desecacion. En este trabajo, se ha estudiado el efecto del tipo de tejido, tiempo y condiciones de almacenamiento, y tiempo post-mortem en la integridad del ADN. De los cuatro factores evaluados, el tiempo post-mortem es el que mas drasticamente afecta a la integridad del ADN, obteniendose del tejido muestreado despues de 24h un ADN parcial o totalmente degradado. Proporcionamos una serie de recomendaciones a considerar durante actividades de muestreo para optimizar la integridad del ADN obtenido de muestras de peces de interes comercial.
Loving-Kindness Meditation Improves Relationship Negativity and Psychological Well-Being: A Pilot Study

Most interventions on relationships and health have focused on altering positive aspects of relationship such as social support. Given the separability of positive and negative aspects of relationships it is less clear if such interventions can also influence relationship negativity. This pilot study of 9 individuals tested the influence of a novel 6-week loving-kindness meditation (LKM) intervention on changes over time in social support, social negativity, depression, and life satisfaction. Consistent with past work, LKM participants showed increases in perceived support and decreases in depression. Extending prior work, LKM participants also showed decreases in social negativity, which was more closely linked to changes in depression compared to social support. These data suggest the feasibility of using LKM to increase relationship positivity, decrease relationship negativity, and enhance psychological well-being.
Intelligent Churn prediction for Telecommunication Industry

Customer churn is a focal concern for most of the services based companies which have fixed operating costs. Among various industries which suffer from this issue, telecommunications industry can be considered at the top of the list. In order to counter this problem one must recognize the churners before they churn. This work develops an effective and efficient model which has the ability to predict the future churners for broadband internet services. For this purpose Genetic Programming (GP) is employed to evolve a suitable classifier by using the customer based features. Genetic Programming (GP) is population based heuristic used to solve complex multimodal optimization problems. It is an evolutionary approach use the Darwinian principle of natural selection (survival of the fittest) analogs with various naturally occurring operations, including crossover (sexual recombination), mutation (to randomly perturbed or change the respective gene value) and gene duplication. The intelligence induced in the system not only generalizes the model for a variety of real world applications but also make it adaptable for dynamic environment. Comprehensive experimentations are performed in order to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed system. It is clear from the experimental results that the proposed system outperforms other state of the art churn prediction techniques.
The Effect of the ZYTO Reframe Technology on Resolving Personal Issues and Improving Mood: A Pilot Study

Background: The recognized importance of psychological and behavioral factors in human performance highlights the need for devising new techniques that positively affect perceptions to achieve better outcomes. New software called Reframe Technology imbedded in an iPod has been developed to achieve such a goal. Methods: Nineteen subjects with at least one issue to perceptually resolve used the Reframe Technology following proper protocols. Changes in resolving personal issues and mood were evaluated using the: (1) Positive States of Mind Scale, (2) Hassles and Uplifts Scale, and (3) Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results: The score on the Positive States of Mind Scale significantly increased from Day 0 to Day 14 (p=0.003) and Day 30 (p=0.001) and also from Day 14 to Day 30 (p=0.03). Significant decreases were also noted from Day 0 in the Hassles scores at each weekly time point, i.e., from Day 0 to Day 7 (p=0.02), from Day 0 to Day 14 (p = 0.001), from Day 0 to Day 21 (p=0.003), and from Day 0 to Day 30 (p=0.001). Changes on the Uplifts scores were non-significant. A highly significant decrease occurred in the intensity of the reframed issues (M difference=3, SD=1.9, p<0.0001,) and the average number of rounds to clear an issue was 4.2 (SD=0.8). Conclusions: The results of this wait-list control study demonstrate that the Reframe Technology significantly improves both mood and the perception of severity of personal issues. Furthermore, 84% of the subjects reported assistance in resolving personal issues by the Reframe Technology, which highlights its effectiveness.
Language as a Predictor of Reticence in Children with Language Impairment

Language as a Predictor of Reticence in Children With Language Impairment Patricia A. Moses Department of Communication Disorders Master of Science This study examined the relationship between language skills and reticence in 37 children with language impairment (LI) and 37 typically developing peers matched for age (ranging from 6;11 to 10;1 years) and gender. Subtests of the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (E. Carrow-Woolfolk, 1999) were used to evaluate language ability. The Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (C. H. Hart & C. C. Robinson, 1996) was used to evaluate reticence. The current study replicated previous research by documenting significantly higher levels of reticence in children with LI when compared to typical peers. Significant group differences were also found in paragraph comprehension, syntax construction, and pragmatic judgment skills, with children with LI performing poorer on each language subtest compared to typical peers. No significant gender differences were observed on any of the comparisons. Multiple regression analyses were applied to evaluate the relationship between the language subtests and reticence in the group with LI and the typical group. Results for both groups indicated that paragraph comprehension, syntax construction, and pragmatic judgment skills were not significant predictors of reticent withdrawal behavior, either in combination or independently. Results suggest that language alone cannot predict reticence in either children with LI or their typical peers.
The Quality of the Tribosystem as a Factor of Wear Resistance

The purpose of this work was to develop a criterion for estimating the quality factor of the tribosystem and to assess its effect on wear rate, friction coefficient and run-in time. The basis of the methodological approach when developing a criterion for the quality of the tribosystem is the parameters that take into account the construction of the tribosystem, the thermal diffusivity of materials and the loading conditions of the tribosystems.The definition of the quality of the tribosystem has been further developed, which, unlike the known one, takes into account the geometric dimensions and kinematic scheme of the tribosystem, the thermal diffusivity of materials and the rate of propagation of deformation in the surface layers of the triboelement materials during their contact interaction. Theoretical and experimental studies established the relationship between the quality value, wear rate and the friction coefficient in the process of running-in. It is shown that the increase in quality helps to reduce the above-mentioned parameters.The relationship between the running-in time and the quality value is established. It is shown that the process of running-in can be controlled. To reduce the running-in time, it is necessary to reduce the sliding speed during the transient process and to increase the tribological properties of the lubricating medium. The presented theoretical and experimental studies allow us to state that the quality of tribosystems Q can be a measure of the potential ability of the tribosystem to adapt (adapt) to operating conditions, providing the maximum resource.
Microstrip patch antenna design by using hybrid FEM-FDTD computational techniques

In the last few years, there has been an increasing demand for designing multiband antennas for cellular communication devices. In particular, the focus has been on internal antenna designs. With the third generation (3G) wireless communication systems introduced world-wide, the demand to support both old and new standards using a single mobile phone becomes compulsory. Therefore, the most immediate task for the new antenna is to operate at both new UMTS frequency bands and already established 2G frequency bands. In addition, there is also a requirement on mobile phone to serve some new wireless communication applications, including WLANs and Bluetooth. In this paper, a new compact microstrip patch antenna designed to operate at three main communications frequency bands (GSM, UMTS and Bluetooth) with a single feed are presented. The antenna is designed on thick air substrate. The antenna is mounted on top of finite ground plane that can be considered as a circuit board of practical mobile phones. The antenna are simulated and optimised for best operation using FEMLAB designer and their performance are measured and compared. A comparison between measurement and simulation is presented and show a good agreement.
Currency Risk Exposure of Japanese Firms with Overseas Production Bases: Theory and Evidence

This paper explores a new aspect on currency risk exposure of Japanese firms with overseas operations, especially focusing on the behavior of the firms that are highly dependent on overseas production. Empirical results show that in response to a Japanese yen’s depreciation (appreciation), the values of the firms that are dependent on overseas production declined (rose) after controlling for the effects via the dependency on exports and imported primary materials, which is consistent with the prediction of our static version of currency risk exposure model. In conducting empirical analysis, special attention is paid to potential econometric problems such as measurement errors (errors in variables) and endogeneity (feed-back effects) of regressors. The paper further studies a dynamic currency risk exposure effect by explicitly taking account of intertemporal foreign direct investment decisions. Basically, our empirical results favor our basic dynamic model’s prediction.
SentIta and Doxa: Italian Databases and Tools for Sentiment Analysis Purposes

English. This reserach presents SentIta, a Sentiment lexicon for the Italian language, and Doxa, a prototype that, interacting with the lexical database, applies a set of linguistic rules for the Documentlevel Opinionated teXt Analysis. Details about the dictionary population, the semantic analysis of texts written in natural language and the evaluation of the tools will be provided in the paper. Italiano. Questa ricerca presenta SentIta, un lessico dei Sentimenti per l’Italiano, e Doxa, un prototipo che, interagendo con il lessico, applica una serie di regole linguistiche per l’analisi di testi contenenti opinioni. Dettagli in merito al popolamento del dizionario, all’analisi semantica di testi scritti in linguaggio naturale e alla valutazione degli strumenti utilizzati saranno forniti nell’articolo.
Explaining the Federal-Provincial Turnout Gap in the Canadian Provinces

Second order election models predict that voter turnout will generally be lower in ‘second order’ subnational elections compared to ‘first order’ federal elections. In Canada, we find that this is not always the case: some provinces have higher turnout rates for provincial elections than federal elections. Using data from seven Canadian provincial elections, this article examines how attitudes such as trust, satisfaction with democracy and interest in politics compare across levels of government in order to explain cross-provincial differences in voter turnout. It finds that while contextual factors matter, interest in provincial politics is one of the strongest predictors of high provincial turnout relative to federal turnout.