Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Management of Enterprise Resource Wealth and Business Sustainability

The concept of sustainable management recognizes the need for prudent economic resource wealth management as well as the conservation of social resource wealth and the management of natural resources and maintenance of environmental friendly and sustainability policies to ensure business sustainability. Enterprise economic resource wealth in terms of tangible assets and social resource wealth in terms of tangible assets like corporate integrity, good will and reputation are among the variables that promote business sustainability. Therefore sustainable management approach comprises the ability to comply with business ethics and the regulatory framework to enhance the potential of the generational sustainability of the enterprise. The exploratory research design was adopted for the study. There were 78 participants and data were generated through primary and secondary sources. Data analysis conducted through descriptive and regression statistical methods revealed a strong positive association between sustainable management and business sustainability. Further study could examine the relationship between absentee management and business failure in Nigeria, and on the basis of the result of the study, it was suggested that active management must be part of sustainable management to ensure business sustainability. <br><br>
Exchange Rate and Equity Price Relationship: Empirical Evidence from Mexican and Canadian Markets

This paper examines the relationship between stock prices and exchange rates in Mexican and Canadian Markets using weekly data from Jan 2013 to December 2018. Cointegration, Vector Error Correction model, Vector Auto Regression model and Granger causality tests are used to examine the long-term relationship and casual relationship between exchange rates and stock prices. Johansen cointegration tests confirm the insignificant existence of long-run relationships between stock prices and exchange rates in Canadian and Mexican markets. However, the Granger causality test confirms the existence of short-run unidirectional causal relationship from exchange rates to stock prices in the Mexican market.
Acceptance of wheat bran bait by species of rangeland grasshoppers.

The experimental design is described for a 8500-ha pilot management test of wheat bran bait containing insecticide, Nosema locustae Canning, or both, for control of a complex of rangeland grasshoppers. One objective was to determine which species accepted the bait. Field plots were treated by aircraft with 0.56, 1.12, or 1.68 kg or 1.96% carbaryl-treated flaky wheat bran bait/ha. Acceptance of bait varied greatly within 28 observed species of grasshoppers. All major pest species except Amphitornus coloradus (Thomas) and Camnula pellucida (Scudder) were susceptible. In general, species of Acridinae and Gomphocerinae (slant-faced grasshoppers) suffered slightly greater mortality than species of Melanoplinae (spur-throated grasshoppers), while Oedipodinae (banded-wing grasshoppers) were affected least. Such differences could be exploited in a management program based primarily on judicious use of selective bait.
Female Directors, CEO Overconfidence and Excess Cash

Is the moderating effect of female board representation on the CEO overconfidence sufficiently strong to alter the firms’ excess cash decisions? We address this question using data on 1,163 US-listed firms for 2000-2017. Prior research posits that overly confident CEOs hold less cash compared to their rational counterparts. We show that having more female directors on the board not only stops the decline in excess cash due to the overconfident CEO but also increases excess cash holdings in those firms. Better female board representation enhances corporate decision making through effective monitoring and thus, taming the CEO’s biased behavior i.e., overconfidence.
Preferences of Public Transit Commuters: Evidence from Smart Card Data in Singapore

Abstract This study employs an administrative dataset containing high-frequency transaction records for approximately four million smart transit cards used by Singaporean residents in order to study the travel preferences of public transport commuters. We examine the impact of service attributes, including travel time, reliability and travel cost, on commuters’ transportation mode choices and estimate the implied value of travel time (VOT) and value of reliability (VOR) for different types of public transit commuters. The results show significant heterogeneity in the transport preferences of commuters, with adult transit commuters having higher VOT and VOR relative to senior citizens, students and children. Within the adult group, commuters who frequently switch their transportation modes have significantly higher VOT and VOR. These results have important implications for policymakers in formulating strategies to improve the efficiency of the public transport system, and having flexible and customized transport services could increase the utility and satisfaction levels of public transit commuters.
Is Idiosyncratic Volatility Related to Returns? Evidence from a Subset of Firms with Quality Idiosyncratic Volatility Estimates

Empirical studies investigating the relation between expected idiosyncratic volatility (IVOL) and returns find mixed results. Several papers report a negative relation using lagged realized IVOL to proxy for expectations, but Fu (2009) questions the validity of this proxy and proposes using forecasts from EGARCH models, resulting in a positive relation. However, recent studies show that this positive relation disappears when the forecasts are generated by out-of-sample models. We show that the proxies used in prior literature are noisy and propose using combinations of outof-sample IVOL forecasts that pass basic diagnostic tests. These high quality proxies uncover a significant positive relation.
Optimism, Divergence of Opinion, and the Long-Run Performance of IPOs

This study tests speculative bubble theory, which assumes investors’ heterogeneous beliefs and short-sale constraints, as a potential explanation for the long-run underperformance of initial public offerings (IPOs). The prediction of speculative bubble theory is difficult to test directly because of the unobservability of the distribution of investors' opinions. This study thus focuses on Japanese auction-method IPOs and estimates the distribution of investors' beliefs. It finds that both the level of optimism and the divergence of investors' opinions cause the overvaluation of the first-day market price, but that the former has more explanatory power for post-IPO underperformance.
Flow Toxicity and Bank Equity Holdings

This paper investigates the market microstructure effects on client firms of equity holdings by relationship banks, i.e., lenders and/or underwriters, prior to the 2008 financial crisis. It intends to shed light on the need for “the Volcker Rule. ” We find that banks’ equity holdings of corporate clients reduce flow toxicity and effective spreads surrounding earnings announcements. Such client firms also experience higher 3-day abnormal stock returns and better subsequent one-month stock performance. In contrast, firms with higher holdings by other independent institutional investors do not have robust lower flow toxicity and experience significantly lower abnormal returns during the 3-day and one month windows. The findings suggest that, on average, banks perform valuable market making services in the equity market and are compensated by modest profits.
The Effects and Origins of House Price Uncertainty Shocks

This paper investigates the effects of house price uncertainty shocks on economic activity, and traces the origins of the shocks. A Markov-switching vector autoregression (MS-VAR) model shows that house price uncertainty shocks in expansionary regimes increase residential investment, housing prices, and mortgage debt, while they have the opposite effects in recessionary regimes. These empirical results are investigated in an estimated New-Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with a housing sector that allows for multiple structural uncertainty shocks. We show that uncertainty shocks to housing preference and the inflation target are the main sources of house price uncertainty shocks. Uncertainty shocks to investment-specific technology and the inflation target can reproduce the empirical impulse responses in recessionary regimes from the MS-VAR. By contrast, the responses to housing preference uncertainty shocks are consistent with the empirical impulse responses in expansionary regimes. House price uncertainty generated by these structural uncertainty shocks affects the housing market via both housing demand and real-options channels.
FII Trading Volume and Symmetric Volatility: Analysis from Indian Spot Market

This article contributes to the debate whether FII trading destabilizes Indian capital market by increasing volatility. Using nine measures of FII trading volume the dynamic relationship between FII activity and the volatility of NIFTY spot index returns is examined in a GARCH/EGARCH framework. There is evidence of significant contemporaneous correlation between the two. The magnitude of asymmetry varies by subperiod and asymmetry is greater when the markets are more volatile. Leverage effect is reduced only to a negligible level by the inclusion of trading volume of FIIs as an explanatory variable. Leverage effect of returns is intensive during the financial crisis period. During crisis, the number of shares sold by FIIs increases leverage effect in the NIFTY returns.
RBP-Jκ-Dependent Notch Signaling Is Dispensable for Mouse Early Embryonic Development

ABSTRACT The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling system which has been shown to be essential in cell fate specification and in numerous aspects of embryonic development in all metazoans thus far studied. We recently demonstrated that several components of the Notch signaling pathway, including the four Notch receptors and their five ligands known in mammals, are expressed in mouse oocytes, in mouse preimplantation embryos, or both. This suggested a possible implication of the Notch pathway in the first cell fate specification of the dividing mouse embryo, which results in the formation of the blastocyst. To address this issue directly, we generated zygotes in which both the maternal and the zygotic expression of Rbpsuh, a key element of the core Notch signaling pathway, were abrogated. We find that such zygotes give rise to blastocysts which implant and develop normally. Nevertheless, after gastrulation, these embryos die around midgestation, similarly to Rbpsuh-null mutants. This demonstrates that the RBP-Jκ-dependent pathway, otherwise called the canonical Notch pathway, is dispensable for blastocyst morphogenesis and the establishment of the three germ layers, ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. These results are discussed in the light of recent observations which have challenged this conclusion.
Inflation Determination and Identification: Some Positive Results

This paper illustrates that rational expectations equilibria are instrumental to the recovery of unobserved shocks. This has positive implications for the identification of policy rules and forward looking models, and for testing equilibrium determinacy. On the theory side, this implies that the bounded New-Keynesian equilibrium is learnable even if the representative agent is initially unaware of the policy stance.
On the Reliability of Structural Methods in Merger Review. Evidence from the US Airline Industry

The objective of this study is to provide evidence on the accuracy of merger simulation methods, which have become common instruments to evaluate ex-ante the effects of complex transactions. In particular, I study the price effects of one of the most important mergers in the U.S. airline industry, namely the 2013 American Airlines – US Airways merger. Drawing from the theoretical background of the Empirical Industrial Organization, I perform an empirical investigation in three steps. In the first place, I estimate a nested logit demand system. Secondly, I use the retrieved parameters to predict the effects of the merger under scrutiny. Lastly, the forecast is evaluated ex post using data from the period following the transaction, by means of difference-in-differences techniques. Results show that, in this case, simulation methods underpredicted - although not substantially - the increases in prices.
Testing the Sequential Logit Model Against the Nested Logit Model

In this paper, we show that the sequential logit (SL) model, in which a choice process is characterized as a sequence of independent multinomial logit models, is a limiting case of the nested logit (NL) model. For testing the SL model against the NL model, we propose using the Wald, likelihood ratio and Lagrange multiplier tests after suitably reparameterizing the NL model. Small sample properties of these tests are examined by Monte Carlo experiment. It is found that when NL model parameters are "weakly identified", the Wald test severely under-rejects the true model while the sizes of LR and LM tests are not much affected. These tests are applied to the analysis of female labor supply data as an illustrative empirical example.
Tournaments with Safeguards: A Blessing or a Curse for Women

Workplace tournaments are one likely contributor to gender differences in labor market outcomes. Relative to men, women are often less eager to compete and thrive less under competitive pressure. We investigate a competitive workplace environment that may produce more gender-neutral outcomes: tournaments with safeguards. In our experiments, participants take part in a tournament with a real effort task and choose whether they want to have a complimentary safeguard that guarantees higher wages for the low-ranked. As expected, we find that women are more likely than men to obtain such a safeguard. However, obtaining a safeguard comes at a cost. On average, the safeguard causes lower performance, creates a gender wage gap, and over-proportionally disadvantages women. Thus, we provide novel evidence that easing women into tournaments can backfire.
Antecedents of Behavior Supporting Bottom-Up Operations Strategy Formation

Companies with high levels of bottom-up participation in operations strategy formation significantly outperform their peers in terms of productivity improvements. Unlike corporate strategy, operations strategy is influenced far more by operational employees through strategy-supportive behavior. The literature on bottom-up initiatives is vague about the antecedents of voluntary contributions to operations strategy formation; research on the possible antecedents of employee behavior more generally is inconclusive about its relation to bottom-up operations strategy formation. Survey data from 209 respondents is analyzed with structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships. This paper develops the operations strategy opportunity-motivation-ability (OMA) framework. Leaders have to establish autonomy and structured idea management processes (O) top-down. Only then, employees can feel strategically aligned (A) and engage (M), and thus contribute to operations strategy bottom-up. In addition, we show that the indirect relations between top-down opportunities and behavior supporting bottom-up operations strategy formation are mediated by perceived strategic alignment and by employee engagement. Managers must first establish opportunities to behave strategy supportive. Only afterward do efforts to foster strategic alignment and employee engagement unlock the full potential of the contextual antecedents. Our findings enable operations managers to foster behavior supporting bottom-up operations strategy formation more effectively in their workforce.
Innovative Entrepreneurial Knowledge-based Business Ecosystems: Old Wine in New Bottles?

Rooted in the territorial approach, this theoretical paper offers a systematic literature review (SLR) of ecosystems based on a selection of 104 articles and books and their archetypes. First, we identify and discuss the four main types of ecosystems – business, innovation, entrepreneurial, and knowledge ecosystems – and indicate the presence of other transversal concepts. Second, we provide an overview of related and well-established theories from the territorial approach that have been largely omitted although they are ecosystem archetypes. Third, we identify the invariants across the four diverging streams from the ecosystem approach and the seven diverging streams from the territorial approach. Finally, we propose a research framework based on the comparison between key invariants from both approaches and discuss their similarities and differences that could serve as a foundation for future empirical research. This study therefore links the ecosystem and territorial approaches under the complex evolutionary system umbrella by creating a theoretical framework that reflects the complex interconnection between models, theories, and emerging concepts.
NFL Betting Biases, Profitable Strategies, and the Wisdom of the Crowd

This paper finds that betting biases in the NFL market go beyond preferring to bet on the favorite team and the over. The results show that as more bettors place wagers, the percentage of wagers on the favorite team increases. Additionally, bettors have a preference to bet against the line movement to receive better betting odds in the point spread market. Moreover, bettors prefer betting on the favorite when the away team has lost recent games and on the over when the home team has been covering the over in recent games. Furthermore, bettors have a nonlinear preference in the point spread betting, as they are less likely to wager on the favorite when the spread is small or large. Finally, economically profitable strategies are put forth based upon the percentage of bettors betting on the favorite or over by using a contrarian strategy when 50% to 60% of bettors place the same wager. These results have important implications as they can be used by the sportsbook to create betting lines to maximize profit.
When Do Spinouts Enhance Parent Firm Performance? Evidence from the US Automobile Industry 1890-1986

Spinouts – entrepreneurial ventures founded by ex-employees of incumbent firms within the same industry – have emerged in numerous industries. Some existing literature argues that they typically have a negative association with their parents’ performance due to the loss of human capital, the disruption of organizational routines and subsequent adverse competitive effects. More recent work though, suggests that such negative effects may have been overstated and argues that there are conditions under which spinouts may be linked to enhanced performance of the parent. I contribute to this literature by theorizing about and empirically testing for such conditions. In particular, using data from the US automobile industry (1890-1986), I find evidence that spinouts are associated with enhanced parent performance when they increase the parent’s corporate coherence either via the core competencies and capabilities domain, by refocusing the parent’s resources on the core, or through the cognitive path, by resolving a conflict at the top level of the parent’s hierarchy. I discuss implications for both research and practice.
An Improved System for Reverse Transcriptase In Situ PCR

AbstractThe in situ detection of low copy mRNA can be achieved by PCR-amplification of the corresponding cDNA. However, This involves separate reverse transcriptase (RT) and PCR steps. We describe a 1 step procedure using the enzyme rTth whereby RT and PCR are performed in one reaction mixture. Rapid and uniform temperature cycling, important for the enhanced activity of rTth, was achieved using the in situ PCR 1000 thermal cycler (Perkin Elmer), which also eliminates the need for a mineral oil evaporation barrier or adhesives to maintain the amplifying solution over the sample. After an overnight DNase digestion, the 1 step RT in situ PCR assay, which requires about 4 hr, was used to detect a variety of viral and human mRNAs. We concluded that this simplified procedure for RT in situ PCR allowed a more rapid, less technically demanding, and more reproducible detection of RNAs in intact cells and tissue specimens. (The J Histotechnol 18:295, 1995)
Opening Canada's North: A Study of Trade Costs in the Territories

Challenged by remote locations, small populations, rugged terrain and (at times) difficult climate conditions, Canada's territories rely heavily on imported goods to maintain their standards of living. At the same time, industries in the territories are highly reliant on access to export markets – especially the large and growing resource sectors of the region. But these trade flows face significant costs that improved infrastructure may help mitigate. A northern transportation corridor could help, and has recently gained prominence following recent reports and hearings by the Senate of Canada. The potential gains are large. This paper estimates trade costs in Canada's North. We find policy-relevant trade costs (those trade costs that policy changes may help lower) are substantial. The regulatory differences, time delays and lower infrastructure quality that inhibit trade add between 20 to 30 per cent to the cost of a delivered good for Yukon and Northwest Territories and over 60 per cent for Nunavut. Infrastructure may be a large cause of higher trade costs. We find that distance-related costs are 45 per cent higher per kilometre for trade with a territory than for trade between two provinces. The region’s economy, productivity, income and investment are significantly lower as a result. Using a detailed model of the Canadian economy, we find that lowering these barriers – such as through improving northern transportation infrastructure – could add up to $6.5 billion to Canada’s GDP, with most of that gain occurring in the territories. For the Yukon, Nunavut and Northwest Territories the gains equal about $40,000 per person, which is a 50 per cent increase in productivity. The Senate’s advocacy for reducing trade barriers is encouraging and the federal government broadly supports knocking down these barriers. It is time for all three levels of government to work together to create policies on, and funding for, improved infrastructure in Canada’s North and near-North.
Evaluation of Long-Term Retention and Detection of Oxytetracycline Marks in Walleye Otoliths Using Genetic Methodology

Abstract Because neither genetic population assignments nor oxytetracycline (OTC) mark identifications are 100% accurate, genetic methods were modeled alone and in combination with OTC mark observations to identify the source of walleyes Sander vitreus in a supplemented population and to evaluate the accuracy of OTC mark examination in distinguishing stocked fish that had been treated with OTC from those produced naturally in the lake. Readers examined otoliths from 3,663 fish from two year-classes that were sampled up to 5 years after stocking. A subset of 1,578 of the examined individuals were also assigned to source populations based on genotypes at eight microsatellite loci using baseline genetic data from the stocking source and the recipient population (the measure of genetic divergence [F ST] = 0.07 between populations before stocking). The models indicated that OTC mark observation errors occurred in all samples and that the error rates varied among samples and readers. Model estimates of overall .