Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis in the Behavioral Sciences

Preface Part I Some Basics Chapter 1 Basic Issues in Statistics Chapter 2 Sampling Part II Descriptive Statistics Chapter 3 The Frequency Distribution, and the Graphic Display of Data Chapter 4 Measures of Central Tendency Chapter 5 Measures of Variation Part III The Bridge to Inferential Statistics Chapter 6 The Normal Distribution Chapter 7 Probability Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing Part IV Inferential Statistics Chapter 9 Correlation Chapter 10 Linear Regression Chapter 11 Hypothesis Tests for Means Chapter 12 Analysis of Variance Chapter 13 Nonparametric Statistics Appendices Appendix A Statistical Tables Appendix B Answers to Selected Problems Appendix C The General National Opinion Research Center Social Survey H4Appendix D How to Use SPSS Glossary Index
Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Augmented Reality unterstützten Kommissionier-systems

Beim Einsatz der Augmented Reality Technologie in der Kommissionierung tragt der Kommissionierer eine Datenbrille und ein Trackingsystem erfasst ggf. seine Position und Blickrichtung (Pick-by-Vision). Dadurch konnen neben allen fur seine Tatigkeit wichtigen Informationen auch lagerichtig im Raum positionierte Objekte, wie z.B. ein Rahmen um das aktuelle Lagerfach, direkt in seinem Blickfeld angeordnet werden. Fur die konventionelle Kommissionierung nach dem Prinzip Mann-zur-Ware erfolgt anhand von Anforderungen an ein derartiges System die Auswahl der Systemkomponenten und die Erstellung der Benutzerschnittstelle. In einem Labortest wird das Sys-tem evaluiert, indem eine Variante mit Tracking, eine ohne Tracking und eine Papier-liste verglichen werden. Beide Systeme mit Datenbrille weisen eine sehr steile Lernkurve sowie eine geringe Fehlerquote auf und fuhren bei den Probanden zu keiner erhohten subjektiven Beanspruchung.
Rhetorical relationships between images and text in web pages

This study examined the ways images relate to text and fulfill rhetorical functions in Web pages. Secondary topics were the physical nature of image-text pairs and their relevance relationships, and a demonstration of Reader-Response Theory for analyzing illustrated text. Its findings should interest both the users and designers of electronic documents. Retrieval and display systems using illustration functions could 1. Reveal the presence and position of image-text relationships in documents, 2. Describe their nature, and 3. Provide an overall sense of a document's conceptual structure to facilitate informed decisions about its quality and usefulness. Dissection of forty-five of the most popular home pages from three genres (educational pages for children, newspapers, and retailers) resulted in 954 discrete image-text pairs. An original three-faceted typology of over 40 illustration functions was then applied. The three facets were: (A) Functions expressing little relation to text, (B) Those expressing a close relation, and (C) Those going beyond the text. Three-quarters of all pairs displayed one or more A functions and B functions; only one quarter of the pairs used one or more of the C functions. Web authors use images to carry out relatively complex rhetorical programs. Distinct patterns of illustration functions were seen for each of the three genres and were analyzed in light of the specific goals and audiences of each document type. Pairs in the educational pages worked to attract and motivate their young readers while also illustrating the meaning of text (A and B functions). Newspapers and the retail sites used the same strategy, but relied much more heavily on the B functions alone. The quantitative analysis showed the educational pages to contain the most and the largest images of all the genres. Newspapers used the smallest and fewest number of images, with the largest image-to-text ratio. Retail pages used images more often than newspapers, linked to fewer text segments, and placed closest to text. Other findings on relevance relationships between images and text, images as rhetorical figures, and ways to apply literary analysis to image-text relationships were analyzed on the basis of their conceptual significance and potential for application.
Research and Evaluation for Business

Introduction: The Role of Statistical Thinking in Business Research.The Language of Research and Statistics.Graphical Displays of Data.Measurement: Scaling, Reliability, Validity.Data Collection Methods.Numerical Descriptors of Data.Probability. The Business Research Proposal.Sampling Distributions and Confidence Intervals.Hypothesis Testing: An Introduction.Needs Assessment/Analysis and Evaluation.Inferences: One Population.Comparing Two Populations.Experimental Design and Anova.Regression Analysis.Time Series and Forecasting.The Analysis of Qualitative Data.Nonparametric Statistics.The Research Report.Grant Writing and Publishing.Appendices. Index
Schichtsysteme für Verpackungsfolien mit hohen Barriereeigenschaften

Diese Arbeit hat sich mit der Herstellung und Charakterisierung von Schichtsystemen fur Verpackungsfolien auf Polymerbasis befasst. Anorganische Siliziumoxidschichten und Barrierelacke auf Basis von anorganisch-organischen Hybridpolymeren wurden auf die Polymerfolien aufgetragen um moglichst hohe Sperreigenschaften gegenuber Sauerstoff und Wasserdampf zu erzielen. Die produzierten Systeme wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Funktionalitaten getestet. Es wurde gezeigt, dass man mit einer Kombination dieser Barriereschichten auf einem Polymersubstrat sehr hohe Barriereeigenschaften erreichen kann. Weiterhin wurden Masnahmen empfohlen, mit welchen eine weitere Verbesserung der Sperreigenschaften dieser Schichtsysteme moglich ist.
LOCAL TEXTUAL INFERENCE : IT'S HARD TO CIRCUMSCRIBE , BUT YOU KNOW IT WHEN YOU SEE IT - AND NLP NEEDS IT

Technology for local textual inference is central to producing a next generation of intelligent yet robust human language processing systems. One can think of it as Information Retrieval++. It is needed for a search on male fertility may be affected by use of cell phones to match a document saying Startling new research into mobile phones suggests they can reduce a man’s sperm count up to 30% , despite the fact that the only word overlap is phones. But textual inference is useful more broadly. It is an enabling technology for applications of document interpretation, such as customer response management, where one would like to conclude from the message My Squeezebox regularly skips during music playback that Sender has set up Squeezebox and Sender can hear music through Squeezebox , and information extraction, where from the text Jorma Ollila joined Nokia in 1985 and held a variety of key management positions before taking the helm in 1992 , one wants to extract that Jorma Ollila has served as the CEO of Nokia , a relation that might be more formally denoted as role(CEO, Nokia, Jorma Ollila). Textual inference is a difficult problem (as the results from early evaluations have shown): current systems do statistically better than random guessing, but not by very much. Nevertheless, it is also an area where there is promising developing technology and a good deal of natural language community interest. In other words, it is an ideal research problem. To further this research agenda, data sets have been constructed to assess textual inference systems. This paper examines how the task of textual inference has been and should be defined and discusses what kind of evaluation data is appropriate for the task.
Lighting for Digital Photography: From Snapshots to Great Shots (Using Flash and Natural Light for Portrait, Still Life, Action, and Product Photography)

Now that youve had your DSLR for a while, are you ready to take a much closer look at what creating a great image is all about? Its all about light! The ability to see, influence, modify, control, and create light will take your images from snapshots to great shots! In Lighting for Digital Photography: From Snapshots to Great Shots, photographer and bestselling author Syl Arena begins with a primer on light itselfhow to see its direction, intensity, color, contrast, and hardnessand quickly moves on to discussions of shooting both indoors and outdoors in the many different conditions of natural or man-made light. Then the book digs in to begin creating light with photographic lights, whether thats small flash or big strobe, the pop-up flash on your DSLR or continuous lights. Follow along with Syl and you will: Learn the basics (and beyond) of light modifiers that make light bigger and softer, such as umbrellas, softboxes, beauty dishes, and diffusion panels Understand how to control and shape the light itself with flags, grids, snoots, and the zoom function on your flash Appreciate the color temperature of light (whether thats the sun, a light bulb, or a flash), and how to influence it with white balance settings on your camera and colored gels on your flash Learn how to take great pictures across many different genres, from product and still life images, to simple (and not so simple) portraits and group shots With Lighting for Digital Photography: From Snapshots to Great Shots, youll learn not only how light behavesyoull learn all you need to know to get started on the journey of creating and controlling light in order to make great shots. And once youve got the shot, show it off! Join the books Flickr group, share your photos, and discuss how you get great shots at flickr.com/groups/lightingfromsnapshotstogreatshots.
Design and Analysis of Group- Randomized Trials

1. Introduction 2. Planning the Trials 3. Research Design 4. Planning the Analysis 5. Analysis for Nested Cross-Sectional Designs 6. Analysis for Nested-Cohort Designs 7. Applications of Analyses for Nested Cross-Sectional Designs 8. Applications of Analyses for Nested-Cohort Designs 9. Sample Size, Detectable Difference and Power 10. Case Studies
Neural blackboard architectures: the realization of compositionality and systematicity in neural networksPart of the 3rd Neuro-IT and Neuroengineering Summer School Tutorial Series.

In this paper, we will first introduce the notions of systematicity and combinatorial productivity and we will argue that these notions are essential for human cognition and probably for every agent that needs to be able to deal with novel, unexpected situations in a complex environment. Agents that use compositional representations are faced with the so-called binding problem and the question of how to create neural network architectures that can deal with it is essential for understanding higher level cognition. Moreover, an architecture that can solve this problem is likely to scale better with problem size than other neural network architectures. Then, we will discuss object-based attention. The influence of spatial attention is well known, but there is solid evidence for object-based attention as well. We will discuss experiments that demonstrate object-based attention and will discuss a model that can explain the data of these experiments very well. The model strongly suggests that this mode of attention provides a neural basis for parallel search. Next, we will show a model for binding in visual cortex. This model is based on a so-called neural blackboard architecture, where higher cortical areas act as processors, specialized for specific features of a visual stimulus, and lower visual areas act as a blackboard for communication between these processors. This implies that lower visual areas are involved in more than bottom-up visual processing, something which already was apparent from the large number of recurrent connections from higher to lower visual areas. This model identifies a specific role for these feedback connections. Finally, we will discuss the experimental evidence that exists for this architecture.
Analysing Russian food expenditure using micro-data

Since the beginning of transition, the level and structure of average food consumption and expenditure of Russian households has changed substantially. This development has gone together with a steep increase in the share of food in total expenditure. Notable differences with respect to food expenditure are observed between distinct household strata. In this paper, food demand of Russian households is investigated. For this purpose, households are classified by sociodemographic characteristics, and differences between food demand patterns of various household types are described using data of a Russian household survey of 1996. Russian food demand is econometrically estimated for seventeen food commodities belonging to five groups using a two-stage linear approximation of the Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS). Total expenditure allocation on food and non-food is analysed using Working's Engel model. The basic models are extended by sociodemographic factors. In a first step, unit values of food commodities are adjusted for quality differences and Probit analyses are carried out to analyse the decision to purchase food commodities. In a second step, the Engel model and the LA/AIDS are estimated applying the Generalised Heckman procedure in order to account for estimation bias introduced from zero expenditures. The estimates are used to calculate total expenditure and own price elasticities for different household groups. The results indicate that sociodemographic characteristics exert an important influence on the level and composition of food expenditure and on food demand elasticities. Therefore, if demand analysis shall contribute to the design of comprehensive food and social policies, not only average estimates for the population as a whole, but estimates for specific population groups should be considered.
An Efficient Mix-Net

We describe an efficient mix-net. Its efficiency is based on a novel method, double encryption. We use a variant of "repetitive robustness", introduced by Jakobsson, to achieve robustness. The notion of double encryption enables us to avoid the large number of proofs of knowledge required in most mix-net constructions. For a large number n of senders each mix-center in our mix-net computes approximately 25n exponentiations in real time, which also gives the approximate execution time of the mix-net. Thus, our mix-net is faster than any known mix-net and the first mix-net in which the number of exponentiations computed by a mix-center is essentially independent of the number of mix-centers. Currently there exist no security proofs of our construction, but we describe the underlying ideas of the design.
Priority Based Message Stack

To enable deterministic scheduling in a distributed embedded system an existing open source embedded TCP/IP stack has been modified to support strict priority queuing. The embedded target system has a fully switched closed Ethernet backplane used for internal communication. The problem is that high-volume configuration file downloads interfere with low-volume internal signaling, such as alarms, status reports, performance data and other statistics. The network was already designed using a type of switches which could support several Quality of Service schemes. An open source embedded TCP/IP stack, lightweight IP (lwIP) was evaluated, and found to be a suitable foundation for the developed application; the Priority Based Message Stack (PBMS). PBMS is a modification of lwIP with support for selective packet forwarding and reception based on the IPv4 Type-of-Service (TOS) field. Support for the BOOTP protocol, as well as a nonblocking send operation, was also implemented. PBMS is easily portable in the sense that it only requires a clearly defined basic set of generic OS functions in order to be ported to new systems. A generic interface to Ethernet drivers must also be developed. The implementation was desktop tested on a Linux platform for correct functionality in the IP, UDP and BSD Socket modules. The performance of the priority scheme compared to a best-effort strategy was also measured. These tests showed that stack-internal strict prioritization based on the IPv4 TOS precedence bits have a clear potential for offering deterministic transfer times in Neras distributed embedded system. Without prioritization, with contention for the network link, an average output time of 480 microseconds was measured from the time the socket sendto function was called until the IP output function had been executed. Using strict prioritization under the same conditions this sequence of functions executed in only 15 microseconds in 99 percent of the test runs. The proper prioritization within the TCP/IP stack is only one of several queuing points in the target network. The existing switches, along with the proper TOS marking of each packet, will ensure an unbroken chain of priority queueing all the way to the destination. Some network endpoints might have variable latencies, which will affect the round-trip time (RTT). A measurement methodology to determine this has been described. A test methodology for round-trip and one-way delay time measurement will be used to validate PBMS in the target system. These tests can also be used to estimate the latencies in those network endpoints mentioned above. With this data at hand a worst-case RTT for the entire system can be calculated. The target system integration and validation will be carried out immediately after the completion of this thesis.
Ontologies and Information Systems: A Literature Survey

Abstract : An ontology captures in a computer-processable language the important concepts in a particular domain and the relationships between these concepts. Ontologies are becoming increasingly pervasive in various fields of computer and information science. They are indispensable components of many complex information systems, especially systems in which communication among heterogeneous components is critical. I use the following definition of ontology, which captures the essence of the most widely adopted definitions in the field: an ontology is a specific, formal representation of a shared conceptualisation of a domain. The IO Branch of DSTO's C3ID Division is interested in the possibility of using one or more ontologies to describe computer networks and support automated reasoning about their properties (particularly security properties). This report provides a basic overview of research and development related to ontologies and their use in information systems. The primary goal of the report is to help readers to discover topics of interest and to conduct further investigation of the literature. To this end, besides information about ontologies in general, the report also includes some specific comments about the use of ontologies to model and reason about computer networks and their security.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN BAHASA INGGRIS GURU KELAS

Perkembangan kebutuhan penggunaan bahasa Inggris di berbagai bidang profesi menyebabkan diperlukannya pembelajaran yang bersifat khusus dan aplikatif. Pada ruang lingkup pengelolaan kelas di sekolah, kendala berbahasa Inggris masih kerap ditemukan karena keberagaman latar belakang pendidikan guru. Untuk mencari tahu jenis kebutuhan dan cara meningkatkan kemampuan mereka, diperlukan sebuah analisis yang dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan wawancara. Hasil analisis dari kedua instrumen tersebut mencakup informasi tentang guru sebagai pembelajar, tantangan, peluang, dan kebutuhan mereka. Dari data yang didapatkan, dibentuklah program tindak lanjut pembelajaran bahasa Inggris untuk tujuan yang spesifik atau dikenal dengan sebutan English for Specific Purposes (ESP ). Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 43,6% guru kelas membutuhkan pelatihan aspek berbicara dan 25,5% dari mereka memerlukan pelatihan aspek menulis. Kegiatan yang diharapkan oleh 32,9% guru menitikberatkan agar mereka mampu melakukan percakapan sehari-hari dengan peserta didik dan 21,9% guru berharap dapat berkomunikasi secara lisan dengan rekan sejawat. Hasil analisis ini kemudian menjadi informasi awal pembuatan silabus dan materi English for Specific Purposes for Classroom Teachers.
Face recognition based on virtual frontal view generation using LVTM with local patches clustering (パターン認識・メディア理解)

One of the major difficulties encountered by face recognition is the varying poses caused by in-depth rotations. The intra-person appearance differences caused by rotations are often larger than the inter-person differences, which makes the traditional face recognition methods such as eigen-face infeasible. This paper presents a framework for face recognition across pose based on virtual frontal view generation using Local View Transition Model(LVTM) with local patches clustering. Previous study on LVTM shows that more accurate appearance transition model can be achieved by first dividing the original face image plane into overlapping local patch regions and then the learned transition models for each patch are aggregated for the final transformation. In this paper we show that the accuracy the appearance transition model and the recognition rate can be further improved by better exploiting the inherent linear relationship between frontal-nonfrontal face image pairs. This is achieved based on the observation that variations in appearance caused by pose are closely related to the corresponding 3D face structure and intuitively frontal-nonfrontal pairs from more similar local 3D face structures should have a stronger linear relationship. For each specific location, instead of learning a common transformation as in LVTM, the corresponding local patches are first clustered based on appearance similarity distance metric and then the transition models are learned separately for each cluster. In the testing stage, each local patch for the input nonfrontal probe image is transformed using the learned local view transition model corresponding to the most visually similar cluster. The experimental results on real life face dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Reading Beyond the Words: How Implementing Esl Strategies During Modified Guided Reading Affects a Deaf Student’s Language Acquisition Process

While Deaf students are not typically classified as English as a second language (ESL) students, the majority of deaf students first become fluent in a signed language, making them ideal candidates for ESL research. This case study has been designed to explore the ways in which one method of ESL reading instruction, known as modified guided reading (MGR), affects the language acquisition process, and resulting reading comprehension level, of a deaf student over eleven weeks. The study documented the student’s language acquisition development both in American Sign Language (ASL) and in English, as well as tracked the student’s growth in reading comprehension, metalinguistic awareness, and visual attention skills. The Accelerated Reader (AR) program, benchmark testing, and daily observations were used to measure growth. Findings of the study suggest that the ESL methods implemented through MGR positively impacted the student’s language acquisition process, reading comprehension level, metalinguistic awareness, and visual attention skills. Results showed an increase in all three of the student’s AR scores as follows: 31% in reading level, 13.1% in number of words read, and 13.2 % in comprehension test scores. Observations and benchmark testing revealed increased metalinguistic knowledge in word, syntactic, and pragmatic awareness. Visual attention skills were found to be the key element in allowing reading comprehension to take place and strategies for improving these skills were found to be a necessary part of the MGR process.