Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation Of Energy Conservation Measures And Its Implications On A Combined Heat And Power District Heating System: A Case Study

In this study a methodology for simulating largescale energy systems is described. In particular the simulation of a district, supplied by a combined heat and power district heating system is the analysed energy system. In the methodology firstly, the districts’ space heating demand is modelled with the use of a simplified dynamic building model, developed in Modelica. Secondly, the districts’ domestic hot water demand is modelled by using the measured data and generating an average standard profile. Thirdly, the heat distribution is simulated by a simplified dynamic district heating network model, developed in Modelica. Finally, the CHP system-, boiler- and thermal storage-models are implemented in the statistical modelling environment GNU R as static models. These static models are used to calculate the operation of the heating systems by utilizing the simulated total heating demand as input, which are obtained by the above mentioned models. The methodology is presented by means of a case study. In this case study, a scenario is calculated, in which firstly, the change of a district’s heating demand profile due to energy conservation measures in buildings is explored. Subsequently, the implications of this demand modification on the supply side of the district heating system are investigated. It is shown, that the methodology developed in this study is appropriate, in order to investigate largescale energy systems with similar boundary conditions as the presented case study. Additionally, due to the simulation results of the investigated scenario, it is shown how the refurbishment of a district has significant implications on a district’s combined heat and power district heating system.
New methods for fabricating step and flash imprint lithography templates

Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (SFIL) is an attractive method for printing sub-100 nm geometries. Relative to other imprinting processes SFIL has the advantage that the template is transparent, thereby facilitating conventional overlay techniques. The purpose of this work is to investigate alternative methods for defining features on an SFIL template. The first method used a much thinner (< 20 nm) layer of Cr as a hard mask. Thinner layers still suppress charging during e-beam exposure of the template, and have the advantage that CD losses encountered during the pattern transfer of the Cr are minimized. The second fabrication scheme addresses some of the weaknesses associated with a solid glass substrate. Because there is no conductive layer on the final template, SEM and defect inspection are compromised. By incorporating a conductive and transparent layer of indium tin oxide on the glass substrate, charging is suppressed during inspection, and the UV characteristics of the final template are not affected. Templates have been fabricated using the two methods described above. Features as small as 30 nm have been resolved on the templates. Sub-80 nm features were resolved on the first test wafer printed.
Soft power and identity: Russia, Ukraine and the ‘Russian world(s)’

What is soft power, and how can we analyse it empirically? The article proposes a social constructivist take on soft power by anchoring it to the concept of collective identity, and by suggesting a set of criteria that can be used to assess whether soft power is present in a relationship between two or more states. It argues that soft power is generated through continuous renegotiation of collective identity. We can assess the weight of a state’s soft power vis-a-vis another state by investigating the extent to which the discursively constructed collective identity projected by the first state is accepted or rejected by different audiences in the second state, and by examining the ability of these audiences to affect the process of foreign policy decision-making. To illustrate this approach, the article applies it to an analysis of Russia’s relationship with Ukraine prior to the 2014 crisis. In the late 2000s–early 2010s, Russia’s dominant identity was increasingly associated with the idea of a ‘Russian world’ — an imagined community based on the markers of the Russian language, the Russian culture and the common glorious past. Despite a significant increase in Moscow’s public diplomacy activities in Ukraine around that time, those efforts did not and could not fundamentally transform the psychological milieu in Moscow’s relationship with Kyiv because the projected identity was inherently incompatible with one of the main identity discourses in Ukraine and was only partially compatible with another.
Critical Role of Tumour Marker Biology in the Assessment of Radiotherapy as a Therapeutic Modality in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Despite advances in oncology therapeutics and biomedical research that have transformed since the turn of this century and deepened our understanding of cancer hallmarks, resulting in the discovery and development of targeted therapies, the success rates of oncology drug development remain low. Opportunities have increased with the understanding of molecular basis of the cancer translating to the discovery, development and availability of targeted therapies that have brought meaningful benefit to patients with diverse malignancies.One of the most challenging aspects of head and neck oncology is the selection of the most appropriate treatment for an individual patient with squamous cell carcinoma. The encouraging results from neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for patients with larger tumours, call for the identification of new accurate predictors of response to radiotherapy so that the appropriate therapy can be tailored better for individual patients.
TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF IO'S MAGNETIC FOOTPRINT BRIGHTNESS

The brightness of Io"s magnetic footprint, an indicator of electromagnetic interaction at the satellite, appears to be strongly connected to the satellite"s distance from the plasma equator. As a result, the brightest footprints were detected when Io is near the interception location between the satellite"s orbital plane and the plasma equator. However, volcanic activities on Io show strong correlation with the equatorward shift of Jupiter"s main auroral oval, consequently causing the disappearance of Io"s footprint. The same conclusion was suggested via the observation of Jupiter"s hectometric radio emission, called HOM, which closely corresponds to Jupiter"s auroral activity. The plasma environment near the Jovian satellites was found to vary signicantly at dierent observational epochs. The electron density increased by approximately a factor of three from the Voyager epoch (1979) to the Galileo epoch (1995), while the electron density was found to be signicantly higher (~ 5 times) in the Cassini epoch (2001). In this current study, the magnetic footprints were clearly brighter ten years ago (from peak brightness in 1998-2001) than the footprints detected in 2007. For volcanic activities on Io in 2007, there are two clear activities in February and late May. The magnetic footprint appeared to be dimmer in March 2007, expected to be the result of volcano activities in Feb 2007. However, the magnetic footprint brightness in June appeared to be slightly brighter than the footprints observed in May. The reason could be the time delay between the brightening of the sodium nebula on approximately May 31st and, a while later, the enhancement of flux tube content peaking on approximately June 5th. On the other hand, Io"s magnetic footprints were observed during June 1st - 10th when they may not yet have been affected by the increase in mass outflow due to the increase of plasma density.
Mapping Technology On The Body, Again: Toys R Us, Christina Hoff Sommers, And The New Essentialism

1 Dr. Nancy Steffen-Fluhr, Murray Center for Women in Technology, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102. steffen@njit.edu. Abstract--The mapping of technological agency onto masculinity requires ongoing cultural work. This paper examines several sites where that cultural work is being done most vigorously, including a Red Envelope mail-order catalog, a TV ad from Capital One, the Amazon.com/Toys R Us Website, a news story on astronaut Laurel Clark, the Harry Potter book/film series, and the essentialist polemics of Christina Hoff Sommers. It demonstrates how marketers sell products (and ideologues sell ideas) by selling gender “normality,” exploiting the fear that any gain in technological agency by women will be accompanied by a commensurate loss in identity-as-agency by men.
Charge Transport Phenomena in Peptide Molecular Junctions

Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) is a valuable in situ spectroscopic analysis technique that provides a direct portrait of the electron transport properties of a molecular species. In the past, IETS has been applied to small molecules. Using self-assembled nanoelectronic junctions, IETS was performed for the first time on a large polypeptide protein peptide in the phosphorylated and native form, yielding interpretable spectra. A reproducible 10-fold shift of the I/V characteristics of the peptide was observed upon phosphorylation. Phosphorylation can be utilized as a site-specific modification to alter peptide structure and thereby influence electron transport in peptide molecular junctions. It is envisioned that kinases and phosphatases may be used to create tunable systems for molecular electronics applications, such as biosensors and memory devices.
Design of revetments

The use of revetments, such as riprap, blocks and block mats, various mattresses, and asphalt in civil engineering practice is very common. The granular filters, and more recently the geotextiles, are more or less standard components of the revetment structure (PIANC, 1987,1992). Within the scope of the research on the stability of open slope revetments, much knowledge has been developed about the stability of placed (pitched) stone revetments under wave load (CUR/TAW, 1995) and stability of rock under wave and current load (CUR/CIRIA, 1991, CUR/RWS, 1995). Until recently, no or unsatisfactory design tools were available for a number of other (open) types of revetment and for other stability aspects. This is why the design methodology for placed block revetments has recently been extended in applicability by means of a number of desk-studies for other (open) revetments:  interlock systems and block mats;  gabions;  concrete mattresses;  geosystems, such as sandbags and sand sausages; and other stability aspects, such as: flow-load stability, soil-mechanical stability and residual strength.
10 Real-time Physical Simulation of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

The real-time wind turbine simulators are enabling the testing of wind energy conversion systems’ (WECS) control units and of the associated control algorithms in a controlled environment. It is known that a simulator can predict the behaviour of an industrial system subjected to certain operating conditions before its real-world implementation. But, the main motivation of using physical simulators for wind energy applications, resides within another argument. It is about the fact that a dedicated laboratory setup can provide something that does not exist in real-world applications: controllable wind velocity. So, a wind turbine physical simulator offers a prime mover which behaves as a “wind-turbinepowered-like shaft” (Nichita et al., 2002), allowing the static and dynamic characteristics replication of a mathematically-modelled wind turbine. This is the great advantage of such simulator as it replaces very expensive parts – such as the turbine rotor and the drive train – operating in a stochastic environment by conveniently-controlled electrical motors, operating in a controlled environment. This allows the repetitive experiments being carried out independently from wind and meteorological conditions in a most safe laboratory environment. Besides its prime mover, all of the physical WECS elements are present in the physical simulator as they are in the real-world application. Therefore, the electromechanical part of the generation chain exhibits the real phenomena presented in a wind power system. In this way the above-listed advantages are not faded by replicating a simplified electrical behaviour and a WECS-dedicated control unit will interact with a genuine wind power system. When analyzing the concerned literature, one can note that the preliminary experimental validation of WECS control laws is always performed on wind turbine simulators. This is a reason for quite rich literature being dedicated to this subject. One can find two types of papers dealing with small-scale WECS simulators for different generation configurations. The first category is composed of works focusing on test rig building aspects (Leithead et al., 1994; Battaioto et al., 1996; Rodriguez-Amenedo et al., 1998; Diop et al., 1999a; Akhmatov et
Determination of the fraction of paramagnetic centers not-fulfilling the Curie law in coal macerals by the two-temperature EPR measurement method

Abstract Two-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements, applied to determine the relative contributions of paramagnetic centers – fulfilling and not-fulfilling the Curie law, were carried out. The measurements were made on the macerals – exinite and vitrinite, separated from clarain of the Polish medium-rank coal (85.6 wt% C). The two-temperature EPR measurements, presented in this work, were performed respectively, at temperatures: T1 = 293 K and T2 = 173 K for exinite, and T1 = 293 K and T2 = 153 K for vitrinite. The relative contributions X of spins not-fulfilling the Curie law present in the studied macerals were calculated. A comparison of different methods of calculating the relative contributions of paramagnetic centers – fulfilling and not-fulfilling the Curie law, present in exinite and vitrinite studied by EPR was made.
Reliability of k-out-of-n Data Storage System with Deterministic Parallel and Serial Repair

In this paper, we find the Laplace Stieltjes transform of the probability of data loss for the k-out-of-n distributed storage system with deterministic repair times. We consider two repair models, namely the serial and parallel repair. We show that for failure rate much lower than the repair rate, mean time of data loss for the two models is the same unlike the case for exponential repair models.
Superhydrophobic flow channel surface and its impact on PEM fuel cell performance

Water management is a critical issue in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and it is normally achieved through the modification of surface wettability condition for the cell components. In this study, superhydrophobic surface-coating materials were developed and the gas flow channel surfaces were modified for superhydrophobic surface property with small sliding angles (SAs). The coated surface characteristics were measured, including static contact angle (CA), SA and CA hysteresis as well as surface geometrical properties. The flow characteristics through such surface-coated channels were measured, and comparison was made with hydrophilic channels and channels coated with poly(tetrafluoroethylene), a commonly used surface-coating agent in PEMFCs. It was found that the presently modified superhydrophobic flow channels yield the lowest resistance to the two-phase flow; and both the mechanical and thermal stabilities of the attained superhydrophobicity for the coated surfaces were also investigated. It was demonstrated experimentally that such coated flow channels result in improved PEMFC performance due to improved water management.
Mycorrhizal Fungi of Aspen Forests: Natural Occurrence and Potential Applications

Native mycorrhizal fungi associated with aspen were surveyed on three soil types in the north-central Rocky Mountains. Selected isolates were tested for the ability to enhance aspen seedling growth in vitro. Over 50 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi occur with Populus tremuloides in this region, primarily basidiomycete fungi in the Agaricales. Almost one-third (30%) were ubiquitous with aspen and were found on all three soil types. Over one-third (37%) were restricted to the acidic, sandy soil of the smelter-impacted Butte-Anaconda area, revealing a subset of fungi that tolerate these conditions. Mycorrhizal fungi were screened for their ability to enhance aspen growth and establishment. Of nine selected isolates, all but one increased the biomass of aspen seedlings 2-4 times. Stem diameter, height, and number of root tips increased with inoculation of some fungi. The native species Paxillus vernalis, Tricholoma scalpturatum, Hebeloma mesophaem, Thelephora terrestris, and Laccaria spp. were most promising for further study. Pisolithus tinctorius (available as commercial inoculum) formed prolific mycorrhizae and stimulated plant growth but does not occur with aspen in the Rocky Mountains.
Edge Analysis on Rectangular and Hexagonal Architectures

This paper examines the gradient-based edge detection algorithm on hexagonal grids and compares it with that on conventional rectangular grids. Since there is no mature hardware for hexagonal-based image capture and display, our research work is based on the newly proposed mimic scheme, called virtual Spiral Architecture, which is demonstrated to make the research work based on hexagonal image processing practically workable on current hardware. From our experiments, it is found that a better edge map can be obtained using this architecture than using the square architecture.
Quadriceps and hamstring muscle EMG activity during a football match

Roudi Kalema (2012). Quadriceps and hamstring muscle EMG activity during a football match. Department of Biology of Physical, University of Jyvaskyla. Master’s Thesis in Exercise Physiology. 58 pages. Fatigue represents a reduction in the ability of muscle to generate force and in the context of football, it has been often related with injury. Surface electromyography is a valuable technique for evaluating muscle activation and fatigue but it has never been applied during a football match. The development of washable textile electrodes has opened up possibilities to investigate muscular activity in non-laboratory settings, without skin preparation and wires hanging around the body. It has also been shown to be a valid and feasible method for assessing the average rectified value of electromyography (EMG). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of football specific fatigue on EMG activity of right and left hamstring (RH, LH) and quadriceps (RQ, LQ) during an entire football match, using bursts analysis method. Muscle activity and inactivity were compared between the first 15 minutes of the 1 half (PRE) and last 15 minutes of the 2 half (POST). Seven professional players (age 23.1 ± 3.13 years; height 181 ± 5.24 cm and mass 78.4 ± 10.5 kg) wore shorts with EMG electrodes during a match. EMG was normalized to maximal voluntary contraction (EMGMVC) and inactivity threshold was defined as an EMG level below 2% of EMGMVC. A low, moderate and vigorous activity threshold was determined during a 3 stages (1 minute) treadmill test. Low, moderate and vigorous threshold were defined as EMG value corresponding to the 3 running speeds (6 km/h, 12 km/h and16 km/h). Percentage of average normalized EMG (aEMGMVC,) decreased for RQ (27.2%), RH (29.6%) and LH (18.1%), (p<0.05). Burst analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in burst duration for RH (31.9%), LQ (22.8%) and an increase for LH (29.1%), (p<0.05). Burst amplitude significantly decreased for RQ (23.8%) and RH (20.2%), (p<0.05). Burst rate showed a significant decrease only for RQ (20%). Inactivity time significantly increased for LQ (+ 10.8%) and LH (+ 35.6%), (p<0.05). Low activity significantly increased for RQ (6.6%), (p<0.05). Moderate activity time decreased for RH (17.9%) and LH (23%), (p<0.05). Vigorous activity time was significantly reduced for RQ (31.3%), RH (37%) and LH (27.5%), (p<0.05). For the first time EMG was measured during an actual football match. It can be concluded that at the end of the match, EMG activity decreased, inactivity and low activity time increased while vigorous activity time decreased. These results suggest that a full 90 minutes football match reduces overall EMG activity. Further, at the end of the match EMG bursts were shorter and had a lower amplitude.
Detection of Fake Users Account Based on Review

: An incredible source of gathering the reviews on particular product is different web based shopping destinations where individuals share their reviews on products and their shopping knowledge. Individuals may get through the wrong suppositions known as survey spam. In this manner, for this it is fundamental to distinguish it by a few means. In this paper, presents strategies for recognition of spam users account utilizing highlight extraction and discretization, in mix with EM calculation. Our structure can recognize various spammers by knowing just little arrangement of spammer sets. Proposed technique adequately chooses important highlights and manufacture highlights set to distinguish the spammers. In this paper, we have hindered the clients with counterfeit id or who are anticipated as spammer.
Reducing energy poverty through carbon tax revenues in South Africa

How much can poverty be reduced through carbon tax revenue? This study analyses specific programmes, with carbon taxes generating revenues and equivalent spending on programmes to reduce energy poverty. The twin challenges of development and climate change could be addressed in this way in South Africa. A simple spreadsheet model was used to estimate revenue available from a carbon tax, given different tax rates and emission projections. Four programmes to reduce energy poverty were quantified: electrification, extended free basic energy, scaling-up sustainable housing, and subsidising rooftop solar for poor households. Matching carbon revenue with equivalent expenditure, the study found that applying all carbon revenue to a single programme could fund the national budget for electrification. Hundreds of thousands, and up to tens of millions, of households could receive free energy in the form of 5 kg of liquefied petroleum gas every month, as well as better houses that are warmer in winter and with fewer health impacts from indoor air pollution. Carbon revenues could fund at least a few hundred thousand improved homes, or subsidies for at least 100 000 rooftop solar systems per year to poor households. Institutional and other constraints would have to be addressed. Carbon revenue could fully fund all four programmes combined into an integrated strategy, in three of the four scenarios. The results suggested that full funding could be available from 2019 or from 2025, dependent on carbon tax revenue scenario. Energy poverty can be reduced by expenditure of carbon tax revenues.