Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large icebergs characteristics from altimeter waveforms analysis

Large uncertainties exist on the volume of ice transported by the Southern Ocean large icebergs, a key parameter for climate studies, because of the paucity of information, especially on iceberg thickness. Using icebergs tracks from the National Ice Center (NIC) and Brigham Young University (BYU) databases to select altimeter data over icebergs and a method of analysis of altimeter waveforms, a database of 5366 icebergs freeboard elevation, length, and backscatter covering the 2002–2012 period has been created. The database is analyzed in terms of distributions of freeboard, length, and backscatter showing differences as a function of the iceberg's quadrant of origin. The database allows to analyze the temporal evolution of icebergs and to estimate a melt rate of 35–39 m·yr−1 (neglecting the firn compaction). The total daily volume of ice, estimated by combining the NIC and altimeter sizes and the altimeter freeboards, regularly decreases from 2.2 104km3 in 2002 to 0.9 104km3 in 2012. During this decade, the total loss of ice ( ∼1800 km3·yr−1) is twice as large as than the input ( ∼960 km3·yr−1) showing that the system is out of equilibrium after a very large input of ice between 1997 and 2002. Breaking into small icebergs represents 80% ( ∼1500 km3·yr−1) of the total ice loss while basal melting is only 18% ( ∼320 km3·yr−1). Small icebergs are thus the major vector of freshwater input in the Southern Ocean.
Physical Characteristics of Polymer Magnetic Microspheres

In this study the structure and the magnetic properties of polymer microspheres, filled with magnetite nanoparticles are investigated. Average particle size of magnetite nanoparticles before and after being introduced into polymer microspheres, and the distance between nanoparticles in the polymer microspheres, are measured. Magnetization curve of polymer magnetic microspheres (PMMS) is determined. The magnetic susceptibility of PMMS with various diameters, and the dependence of PMMS magnetic susceptibility on diameter are determined. Magnetization occurs due to the orientation of PMMS as a magnetic moment. The total magnetic moment of PMMS is the sum of magnetic moments of PMMS sections which consist of magnetic moment chains of magnetite nanoparticles lined up along the diameter and lines parallel to the diameter of the PMMS sections. Analysis of results showed that magnetite nanoparticles are uniformly distributed all over the microspheres and do not aggregate during PMMS synthesis. PMMS is superparamagnetic. Analysis of the dependence of PMMS magnetic susceptibility on the diameter shows that for small diameters (d < 300 μm), all magnetite nanoparticles in chains are lined up along the external magnetic field. That is, all magnetite nanoparticles in chains take part in the magnetization. However, for large diameters, some parts of chains in sections are transformed into clusters, this reduces the length of chains and decreases the magnetic susceptibility of PMMS. PACS: 61.46. +w; 75.75. +a; 82.35. Np
Phylogeography and population structure of Prochilodus lineatus Valenciennes, 1837 (Pisces: Prochilodontidae) population from the Paraguay River Basin

1 Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. (http://ib.rc.unesp.br/) 2 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlo, SP, Brazil. (http://www2.ufscar.br/home/index.php) 3 Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Piaui, Picos, PI, Brazil. (http://www5.ifpi.edu.br/) 4 Embrapa Pesca e Aqüicultura, Quadra 103 Sul, Av. Juscelino Kubitscheck, Conjunto 1, Lote 17, CEP 77015012, Palmas, TO, Brazil. (https://www.embrapa.br/pesca-e-aquicultura)
Charting intellectual capital performance of the gateway to China

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate whether intellectual capital (IC) has an impact on the financial aspects of organizational performance as well as attempting to identify the IC components that are associated with corporate financial performance indicators that signal organizational growth.Design/methodology/approach – This study drew on financial data from publicly available annual reports of all the constituent companies of the Hang Seng Index of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange for the years 2001‐2009. Following the value added intellectual coefficient™ (VAIC) methodology, regression models were constructed to examine the relationships between IC and the corporate financial performance indicators.Findings – Evidence was found to suggest that IC, as measured by VAIC, was positively associated with profitability of businesses. In particular, structural capital, as a key component of IC, played a notable part in enhancing corporate profitability, and showed a growing trend in its significance. Empirica.
Balanced Scorecard vs Standard Costing

A management control system (MCS) is a system which gathers and uses information to evaluate the performance of different organizational resources like human, physical, financial and also the organization as a whole in light of the organizational strategies pursued. The development of strategy maps and Balanced Scorecards has transformed the foundation of management control systems. Costs of managerial control system can be significantly reduced when found common framework for its various instruments. The aim of paper is to establish communication between the Balanced Scorecard and Standard costing as an instrument of management information systems. It is proposed to use a variance analysis for the changes in the financial position as the metrics for perspectives of Balanced Scorecard. The possibility of using accounting balance equation and double entry for the perspectives of Balanced Scorecard also shown.
Noise Spikes of Relaxation Oscillator from Energy Theoretic Approach

An energy theoretic approach to augment the existing noise model is proposed by including the cryogenic (down to 77K) behaviour of the noise spikes due to the regeneration process (when loop gain → 1) of a relaxation oscillator. This noise model is useful in many time domain applications, e.g., design of Σ∆ Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) at cryogenic temperature for quantum computing [1] with relaxation oscillator. The loop gain can be lowered towards 1 to increase the oversampling frequency, and subsequently reduce the quantization noise. The presented noise model tackles the noise spike problem from regeneration when gmR→ 1. Three methods are used to obtain the noise model. The first method, a first attempt, is to identify the potential energy of the macroscopic behaviour of the Schmitt trigger (an integrated component of relaxation oscillators) with the underlying assumption that the system can be represented by one degree of freedom. Investigation on the dynamics of the Schmitt trigger shows a metastable state (maximum energy) and two stable states (minimum energy) which is due to the cross-coupled topology of the circuit. The limitation of this method is that it ignores the internal degrees of freedom i.e the thermodynamic aspects appearing as temperature varies (decreases to cryogenic temperature). This limitation is then addressed in the second method by accounting for the different configurations in which these internal degrees of freedom manifest, resulting in the distribution of energy among the different configurations. The concept of free energy is introduced and from the free energy, the noise model obtained is now in function of temperature. As temperature drops further, quantum aspects start to arise. A third method is introduced as the temperature of the oscillator decreases and addresses the manifestation of quantum mechanical effect (at low temperature limit) with the assumption that the system is represented by one degree of freedom (macroscopic behavior), but with internal degrees of freedom represented by the immersion of the system in a heat bath with many degrees of freedom. The model for this method agrees with the second method when gmR→ 1 at high temperature limit, thus giving us the confidence for the counterpart noise model at low temperature limit, where the quantum mechanical effects show up. The experimental results of relaxation oscillators, designed and fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology, show two regions with different slopes: at higher temperature, the phase noise is consistent with the noise model prediction where the phase noise (from thermal noise) is proportional to √ T ; at lower temperature, the phase noise becomes relatively constant and the trend agrees rather well with noise model (quantum noise) at low temperature limit. By changing the regeneration time of the relaxation oscillator (doubling W L of transistors), there is a shift of the crossover temperature of the two regions,
Numerical Investigation of Tonal Noise on a Transitional Airfoil under Varying Conditions

Hiner, Warren W. MSAE, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, May 2015. Numerical Investigation of Tonal Noise on a Transitional Airfoil Under Varying Conditions. The generation of discrete acoustic tones is a problem of interest in transitional airfoils. Such tones exist for moderate Re below 2,000,000 and for low to moderate angles of attack. The purpose of this study is to use linear stability theory to study the growth of instabilities on the pressure and suction surfaces of airfoils for varying Re between 144,000 and 468,000 and angles of attack between 0 and 12 . High accuracy 2D simulations based on an Implicit Large Eddy Simulation (ILES) code are conducted for a NACA0012 airfoil for varied conditions, and linear stability analysis is performed to predict amplification rates of disturbances within the boundary layers. The acoustic spectra and surface root mean square (RMS) pressure obtained from the high accuracy simulations are analyzed in conjunction with the stability results in order to explain the process of tone generation. Our results indicate that the growth of instability waves in the flow-separation region is a necessary condition for the generation of tones, but the selected tonal frequencies are governed not only by vortex shedding, but also through a feed-back loop that is determined, in addition to the flow instability, by the trailing-edge scattering and the receptivity mechanisms. The predicted tonal frequency coincides with that of the shedding frequency and is lower than that predicted by Linear Stability Theory (LST) for maximum amplifications. The tones disappear at higher incidence angles because the separation region on the suction side decreases. This leads to weaker instability-wave amplification and its
The impact of primordial supersonic flows on early structure formation, reionization and the lowest-mass dwarf galaxies

Tseliakhovich and Hirata recently discovered that higher order corrections to the cosmological linear-perturbation theory lead to supersonic coherent baryonic flows just after recombination (i.e. z ≈ 1020), with rms velocities of ˜30 km s-1 relative to the underlying dark matter distribution, on comoving scales of ≲3 Mpc h-1. To study the impact of these coherent flows, we performed high-resolution N-body plus smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations in boxes of 5.0 and 0.7 Mpc h-1, for bulk-flow velocities of 0 (as reference), 30 and 60 km s-1. The simulations follow the evolution of cosmic structures by taking into account detailed, primordial, non-equilibrium gas chemistry (i.e. H, He, H2, HD, HeH, etc.), cooling, star formation and feedback effects from stellar evolution. We find that these bulk flows suppress star formation in low-mass haloes (i.e. Mvir≲ 108 M⊙ until z ˜ 13), lower the abundance of the first objects by ˜1-20 per cent and as a consequence delay cosmic star formation history by ˜2 × 107 yr. The gas fractions in individual objects can change by up to a factor of 2 at very early times. Coherent bulk flow therefore has implications for (i) the star formation in the lowest-mass haloes (e.g. dSphs); (ii) the start of reionization by suppressing it in some patches of the Universe; and (iii) the heating (i.e. spin temperature) of neutral hydrogen. We speculate that the patchy nature of reionization and heating on several Mpc scales could lead to enhanced differences in the H I spin temperature, giving rise to stronger variations in the H I brightness temperatures during the late dark ages.
Evidence for GeV Cosmic Rays from White Dwarfs in the Local Cosmic Ray Spectra and in the Gamma-ray Emissivity of the Inner Galaxy

Recent observations found that electrons are accelerated to $\sim$10 GeV and emit synchrotron hard X-rays in two magnetic white dwarfs (WDs), also known as cataclysmic variables (CVs). In nova outbursts of WDs, multi-GeV gamma-rays were detected inferring that protons are accelerated to 100 GeV or higher. In recent optical surveys, the WD density is found to be higher near the Sun than in the Galactic disk by a factor $\sim$2.5. The cosmic rays (CR) produced by local CVs and novae will accumulate in the local bubble for $10^6$ - $10^7$ yrs. On these findings, we search for CRs from historic CVs and novae in the observed CR spectra. We model the CR spectra at the heliopause as sums of Galactic and local components based on observational data as much as possible. The initial Galactic CR electron and proton spectra are deduced from the gamma-ray emissivity, the local electron spectrum from the hard X-ray spectra at the CVs, and the local proton spectrum inferred by gamma-ray spectrum at novae. These spectral shapes are then expressed in a simple set of polynomial functions of CR energy and regressively fitted until the high-energy ($>$100 GeV) CR spectra near Earth and the Voyager-1 spectra at the heliopause are reproduced. We then extend the modeling to nuclear CR spectra and find that one spectral shape fits all local nuclear CRs and the apparent hardening of the nuclear CR spectra is caused by the roll-down of local nuclear spectra around 100 - 200 GeV. All local CR spectra populate in a limited energy band below 100 - 200 GeV and enhance gamma-ray emissivity below $\sim$10 GeV. Such an enhancement is observed in the inner Galaxy, suggesting the CR fluxes from CVs and novae are substantially higher there.
Investigating Analogical Problem Posing as the Generative Task in the Productive Failure Design

Research on Productive Failure and preparatory mechanisms has consistently demonstrated a positive learning effect when students generate problem solutions before receiving formal instruction. However, it has been less examined whether the effect still holds when the generative task does not involve problem solving. Using a 2x2 experimental design, this study investigated the effects of generative tasks that involve analogical problem posing (without solving) on learning and transfer. Pedagogical sequence (i.e., generation-first or instruction-first) and type of analogical reasoning task (i.e., generating one’s own analogical problems or generating analogical mappings between given analogical problems) were the two factors manipulated. Preliminary analysis revealed no multivariate effects of the factors. Thus, we discuss the learning mechanisms enacted by analogical reasoning, reliability of the instruments, and the participants’ prior condition as possible reasons and to inform future studies.
Reproductive migrations of the sex role reversed pipefish Nerophis lumbriciformis(Pisces; Syngnathidae)

Using an individual identification technique, a population of worm pipefish Nerophis lumbriciformis was followed during 19 months, in order to determine the exact use of the intertidal and, considering the specific movement patterns of males and females, the mating system exhibited by this population. Field observations showed that the number of adults increased during the breeding season, with males arriving 1 month earlier than females. Furthermore, males and females presented distinct permanence periods, showing that the intertidal is used as a mating arena. It was also observed that both male and female worm pipefish mated repeatedly over the span of a reproductive season, but females exhibited shorter remating intervals. Also, females stayed for longer periods on the mating grounds, the intertidal zone, whereas males typically left for the subtidal after mating, usually returning within 2 months. These inter-sexual differences in the occupation of the intertidal suggest that females breed with different males but also that males accept eggs from various females since, on their return, a new group of mating partners was now available. Thus, N. lumbriciformis might be considered polygynandric. It is a clearly dimorphic species in spite of the observed polygynandry, suggesting that differences in remating intervals may be influential in determining the strength of sexual selection along with what may be expected from the polygynandrous mating system alone.
THE NEW NOTION DISTANCE OF CONTENT BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL (CBIR)

This paper proposes a new notion distance on the CBIR process whichis derived from the measure of multivariate dispersion called vector variance (VV). The minimum vector variance (MVV) estimator is robust estimator having the highbreakdown point. The CBIR is a retrieval technique using the visual informationby retrieving collections of digital images. The process of retrieval is carried outby measuring the similarity between query image and the image in the databasethrough similarity measure. Distance is a metric often used as similarity measureon CBIR. The query image is relevant to an image in the database if the value ofsimilarity measure is 'small'. This means that a good CBIR retrieval system mustbe supported by an accurate similarity measure. The classical distance is generatedfrom the arithmetic mean which is vulnerable to the masking e®ect. The appearanceof extreme data causes the in°ation of deviation of the arithmetic mean, this impliesthe distance between the extreme data or the outlier becomes closer than it supposedto be. In the end of section we discuss the high performance of the MVV robustdistance to CBIR process. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.22342/jims.16. 1.31. 51-67
Measuring Social “Informatization”: A Factor Analytic Approach*

Some scholars have argued that we are witnessing a new social revolution—social “informatization”—that is comparable in scope and impact to that of the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century. Others have argued that it is a much more modest phase in the ongoing development of communication and information-processing technology. While there are a number of reasons for disagreement about what exactly “informatization” is, and what its impact will be, two are paramount: (1) conceptual imprecision, and (2) issues of measurement. Using factor analysis, this study aims to clarify its conceptualization, and, then, rather than focusing on a single dimension (e.g., technological or economic), it will develop a comprehensive multiple-indicator measure that captures the economic, technological, and size (stock) dimensions of social informatization. We find that this measure of social informatization strongly correlates with the general level of socioeconomic development. This result implies that social informatization may be a more continuous and cumulative process than a disjunctive or discontinuous “revolution. ” Social change has been and will remain one of the perennial topics of study for sociologists, as well as other social scientists. It is not an overstatement to say that sociology as an independent discipline emerged in large part from study of the changes that swept through European societies during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The drastic changes and the social instability, which the Industrial Revolution had brought into being, overwhelmed contemporary scholars, and made them diligent in seeking laws of social change and development. For instance, Auguste Comte specified overcoming this instability as the purpose of sociology, which he dubbed “the queen of the sciences” (Marshall 1994). It is often said that we are witnessing a new social revolution, perhaps even comparable to the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century. The essential aspect of the current social change is what we choose to call “social informatization. ” Social informatization can be defined as the process by which the social capacity to generate, process, and transmit information increases. We prefer the term “social informatization” to “information society,” in part because the latter implies a dichotomy of societies as being either informational or noninformational. For this dichotomy to work, one would be able to identify a specific threshold, or Rubicon which objectively marks the dividing line, and this appears neither possible nor desirable. Rather, we agree with Webster (1994:17) when he states that “quantitative measures cannot of themselves
Line-Based Multi-Image Matching for FAÇADE Reconstruction

This research integrates existing LOD 2 building models and multiple close-range images for facade structural lines extraction. The major works are orientation determination and multiple image matching. In the orientation determination, Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) is applied to extract tie points automatically. Then, tie points and control points are combined for block adjustment. An object-based multi-images matching is proposed to extract the facade structural lines. The 2D lines in image space are extracted by Canny operator followed by Hough transform. The role of LOD 2 building models is to correct the tilt displacement of image from different views. The wall of LOD 2 model is also used to generate hypothesis planes for similarity measurement. Finally, average normalized cross correlation is calculated to obtain the best location in object space. The test images are acquired by a nonmetric camera Nikon D2X. The total number of image is 33. The experimental results indicate that the accuracy of orientation determination is about 1 pixel from 2515 tie points and 4 control points. It also indicates that line-based matching is more flexible than point-based matching.
A brief summary of the Ordovician conodont faunas from the Iberian Peninsula

1 Departamento de Paleontologia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain. gsarmien@geo.ucm. es 2 Instituto de Geociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain. jcgrapto@geo.ucm. es 3 Departamento de Estratigrafia y Paleontologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. charor@ugr.es, agustin@ugr.es, png@ugr.es
Neuro-Fuzzy Classification Techniques for Sentiment Analysis using Intelligent Agents on Twitter Data

In this paper, we propose a new classification algorithm called Intelligent Agent and Neuro-Fuzzy Rule based Group Support Vector Machines (IGSVM) to perform major classification of sentiments and to form groups based on the sentiments of people with respect to change in time and place. Finally, the groups are used to form discussion forums on various topics including business, e-learning, tour and sports. The main advantage of the proposed work is to identify the user interest based on the sentiments identified from tweets and to form similar interest users groups for discussion on specific topics. From the experiments conducted in this work, it is proved that the user groups formed by sentiment analysis provided more than 94% accuracy in identifying members for forming interest groups on twitter and hence is more accurate than the existing systems.