Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low‐dose prophylactic platelet transfusions: time for further study, but too early for routine clinical practice

n this issue of TRANSFUSION , Tinmouth and colleauges 1 report results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial in which adult patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation (n = 77) or induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia (n = 34) received prophylactic platelet transfusions (PTX) at either a low dose (a pool of three whole blood–derived platelet [PLT] units or a partial apheresis unit) or a standard dose (a pool of five whole blood–derived PLT units or a complete apheresis unit). Leukoreduced, whole blood–derived PLT units were prepared by the PLT-rich plasma method followed by prestorage filtration, and leukoreduced, apheresis PLT units were prepared using a blood separator (Spectra, Gambro Canada Ltd, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada). Unfortunately, neither the actual number of PLTs transfused per each transfusion nor the immediate posttransfusion blood PLT count increments were reported. Per quality control data, however, each low-dose PTX was estimated to contain approximately 2 × 10 11 PLTs and the standard PTX dose slightly less than 4 × 10 11 PLTs. Based on rates of minor bleeding (occurring in 20% of low-dose patients vs. 40% of standard-dose patients) and major bleeding (10.7% of low-dose patients vs. 7.3% of standard-dose patients) plus the transfusion of 25 percent fewer PLT units to low-dose patients, the authors concluded that low-dose prophylactic PTX appeared to be effective and safe, while reducing PLT unit utilization. 1 In general, the experimental design, conduct of the study, and the conclusions seem reasonable. As is true for many clinical trials involving complex patients, however, the results are not definitive, and the authors rightfully recommended that larger, well-designed clinical trials are still needed to determine optimal PTX doses for clinical practice. Some of the possible shortcomings of the trial are as follows:
Transient Paraplegia Following Alcohol Celiac Plexus Block

Background and Objectives. A pancreatic cancer patient developing transient paraplegia compatible with spinal cord ischemia, following alcohol celiac plexus neurolysis, is described. Methods. A 58-year-old man with metastatic pancreatic cancer underwent celiac (deep splanchnic) alcohol neurolysis for management of severe epigastric and midback pain. In spite of apparently adequate needle position, he developed transient paraplegia consistent with anterior spinal artery syndrome. Results. The clinical findings suggest ischemia of the anterior spinal cord with complete motor and sensory paralysis to a T8 spinal cord level resulting from an anterior spinal artery syndrome. Conclusions. The cause of the limited bilateral transient paralysis following celiac plexus block in this patient may involve ischemia of the spinal cord associated with reversible arterial spasm following the injection of ethanol solution.
The productive cellulase binding capacity of cellulosic substrates

Cellulosic biomass is the most promising feedstock for renewable biofuel production; however, the mechanisms of the heterogeneous cellulose saccharification reaction are still unsolved. As cellulases need to bind isolated molecules of cellulose at the surface of insoluble cellulose fibrils or larger aggregated cellulose structures in order to hydrolyze glycosidic bonds, the “accessibility of cellulose to cellulases” is considered to be a reaction limiting property of cellulose. We have defined the accessibility of cellulose to cellulases as the productive binding capacity of cellulose, that is, the concentration of productive binding sites on cellulose that are accessible for binding and hydrolysis by cellulases. Productive cellulase binding to cellulose results in hydrolysis and can be quantified by measuring hydrolysis rates. In this study, we measured the productive Trichoderma reesei Cel7A (TrCel7A) binding capacity of five cellulosic substrates from different sources and processing histories. Swollen filter paper and bacterial cellulose had higher productive binding capacities of ∼6 µmol/g while filter paper, microcrystalline cellulose, and algal cellulose had lower productive binding capacities of ∼3 µmol/g. Swelling and regenerating filter paper using phosphoric acid increased the initial accessibility of the reducing ends to TrCel7A from 4 to 6 µmol/g. Moreover, this increase in initial productive binding capacity accounted in large part for the difference in the overall digestibility between filter paper and swollen filter paper. We further demonstrated that an understanding of how the productive binding capacity declines over the course of the hydrolysis reaction has the potential to predict overall saccharification time courses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 533–542. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mesures de discrimination et leurs applications en apprentissage inductif. (Discrimination measures and theirs applications in inductif learning)

De nos jours, les donnees disponibles deviennent de plus en plus volumineuses et elles peuvent etre de nature tres diverse : vagues, manquantes, numeriques, symboliques par exemple. Or ce qui importe a l'utilisateur, ce ne sont pas les donnees elles-memes, mais les connaissances qu'on peut en extraire. Face a la quantite de donnees disponibles, le traitement efficace de donnees est problematique. Dans cette these, nous adoptons une approche d'extraction de connaissances a partir de donnees basee sur l'apprentissage inductif, plus precisement, par arbres de decision. De facon generale, un systeme construit par apprentissage inductif a pour but de discriminer les individus de differentes classes. Sa qualite depend de la capacite de discrimination qu'il acquiert au cours de l'apprentissage au travers des donnees. En particulier, un algorithme de construction d'arbre de decision procede par evaluation successive de la capacite de discrimination des attributs pour construire l'arbre de decision. Nos travaux concernent l'etude des mesures de discrimination tant classiques que floues, et leurs applications en apprentissage inductif. D'une part, nous nous interessons aux mesures de discrimination dans la construction des arbres de decision. Dans un premier temps, ces mesures font l'objet d'une etude selon une approche axiomatique. Nous developpons un nouveau modele pour caracteriser les mesures de discriminations floues. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous proposons d'utiliser ces mesures dans les differentes etapes de la construction des arbres de decision flous. D'autre part, nous etudions l'utilisation de ces mesures de discrimination pour d'autres aspects de l'apprentissage. Nous examinons tout d'abord le probleme de l'evaluation des classifieurs et proposons une methode basee sur l'utilisation de la notion de capacite de discrimination. Enfin, nous considerons le probleme du traitement des donnees manquantes et proposons une technique de substitution des valeurs manquantes, qui restitue la capacite de discrimination des attributs. Ces travaux sont valides sur des donnees conventionnelles et appliques a des donnees reelles dans le cadre de deux applications qui concernent la classification de courriers electroniques et la classification de traces d'interactions homme-machine.
A Multi-Information Fusion Approach to Unsupervised Chinese Event Extraction

In this paper, we propose a novel model for unsupervised Chinese event extraction. We use a multi-information fusion technique to combine two kinds of information for knowledge representation of event instances: language features and structure information. Then, we perform our proposed XLS-means Clustering Algorithm to group the candidate event instances into a "natural" number of clusters, which can fully take into account the similarity of both their language and structure information. The experimental results on ACE2005 Chinese corpus show that our model can achieve better performance than other unsupervised methods.
U.S. trends in obstetric procedures, 1990-2000.

BACKGROUND During the 1980s the rate of obstetric procedures performed during delivery rose precipitously. This study follows the use of obstetric procedures through the 1990s to explore whether the patterns witnessed in the previous decade continued through the next. METHODS Data on total obstetric procedures and eight specific procedures (cesarean section, medical and surgical induction of labor, other artificial rupture of membranes, episiotomy, repair of current obstetric laceration, vacuum extraction, forceps delivery) were obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, a nationally representative survey of discharges from short-stay non-Federal hospitals. Approximately 32,000 records for women with deliveries were included in the survey each year. RESULTS The total rate of all obstetric procedures did not change significantly from 1990 through 2000. However, as during the 1980s, rates increased for induction of labor, vacuum extraction, and repair of current obstetric laceration. Rates decreased for forceps delivery and episiotomy, also continuing 1980s trends. After a long period of increase, the rate of cesarean section declined from 1988 to 1995 but increased again from 1995 to 2000. CONCLUSIONS Unlike the 1980s, the overall rate of obstetric procedures did not increase from 1990 to 2000, but the mix of obstetric procedures performed continued to change during this period.
Quantitative naturalistic methods for detecting change points in psychotherapy research: An illustration with alliance ruptures

Abstract Analysis of change points in psychotherapy process could increase our understanding of mechanisms of change. In particular, naturalistic change point detection methods that identify turning points or breakpoints in time series data could enhance our ability to identify and study alliance ruptures and resolutions. This paper presents four categories of statistical methods for detecting change points in psychotherapy process: criterion-based methods, control chart methods, partitioning methods, and regression methods. Each method's utility for identifying shifts in the alliance is illustrated using a case example from the Beth Israel Psychotherapy Research program. Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are discussed.
Gait disorders of multi‐infarct dementia

Twenty‐five patients with various types of gait disorders of multi‐infarct dementia (MID) were reported. The types of gait disorders consisted of lower body parkinsonism (LBP) plus ataxia (6 patients), LBP plus apraxia (5 patients), and a combination of LBP plus ataxia and apraxia (14 patients). Hypertension occurred in 23 (92%) of the 25 patients. Nevertheless, individual stroke risk factors and the locations of infarcts were not significantly different between the subgroups. Ventriculomegaly and “leuko‐araiosis” as demonstrated by computed tomography occurred in more than 80% of patients in each subgroup. Atrophy of the superior vermis was seen in 16 (80%) of 20 patients with ataxia as compared to 2 (40%) of the 5 patients without ataxia (p <0.005). These data suggest that LBP and apraxia of MID were probably determined by the presence of ventriculomegaly or leuko‐araiosis or both, and the presence of ataxic component of gait disorder most probably indicates the presence of vermian atrophy.
Regional Competitiveness In Finland

The aim of this study is to analyse competitiveness of NUTS4-level regions of Finland (85) and to develop a regional competitiveness index. Partly, we use the same framework as earlier competitive studies on national level and focus on factors of production, emphasis on human capital and level of technology, innovation activity and R&D. But also, due to the fact that economic activity is highly concentrated within a country, we also focus on benefits from agglomeration as part of competitiveness. In order to measure competitiveness of regions we have collected a variety of resource indicators relevant to regional competitiveness and by using these indicators we build an aggregate index of competitiveness and also several sub-indexes measuring just one aspect of competitiveness. The indexes and indicators are tested against, what we see as, outcome indicators to find out what determines the competitiveness of regions. The outcome indicators are regional GDP and taxable income. We find out that our resource indicators correlate with outcome indicators and that our competitiveness index explains most of the variations in regional GDP and taxable income per capita. However, there is group of regions whose success might be better explained by their special characteristics than by the index. The results presented are preliminary, since this paper is part of the ongoing study.
Normative data and psychometric properties for qualitative and quantitative scoring criteria of the Five-point Test

The Five-point Test (Regard, Strauss, & Knapp, 1982) was introduced for the measurement of figural fluency as part of the examination of executive functions. Until now, no differentiated norms exist. We present normative data for adults aged 18–80 (n = 280) for the number of unique designs (productivity), the percent of perseverations (flexibility), the percent of rotated (strategic) designs, and the number of rule breakings. As age and education were correlated with test performance, norms were stratified by these two variables. Test–retest reliability and inter-rater reliability were calculated. Moreover, convergent and divergent validity as well as factorial validity were assessed through intercorrelations and correlations with other neuropsychological tests. All together, the Five-point Test proved to be reliable and valid.
Directional Sensitivity of Neurons in the Primary Auditory ( AI ) Cortex : Effects of Sound-Source Intensity Level

Reale, Richard A. , Rick L. Jenison, and John F. Brugge. Directional sensitivity of neurons in the primary auditory (AI) cortex: effects of sound-source intensity level. J Neurophysiol 89: 1024–1038, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00563. 2002. Transient sounds were delivered from different directions in virtual acoustic space while recording from single neurons in primary auditory cortex (AI) of cats under general anesthesia. The intensity level of the sound source was varied parametrically to determine the operating characteristics of the spatial receptive field. The spatial receptive field was constructed from the onset latency of the response to a sound at each sampled direction. Spatial gradients of response latency composing a receptive field are due partially to a systematic co-dependence on sound-source direction and intensity level. Typically, at any given intensity level, the distribution of response latency within the receptive field was unimodal with a range of approximately 3–4 ms, although for some cells and some levels, the spread could be as much as 20 or as little as 2 ms. Response latency, averaged across directions, differed among neurons for the same intensity level, and also differed among intensity levels for the same neuron. Generally, increases in intensity level resulted in decreases in the mean and variance, which follows an inverse Gaussian distribution. Receptive field models, based on response latency, are developed using multiple parameters (azimuth, elevation, intensity), validated with Monte Carlo simulation, and their spatial filtering described using spherical harmonic analysis. Observations from an ensemble of modeled receptive fields are obtained by linking the inverse Gaussian density to the probabilistic inverse problem of estimating sound-source direction and intensity. Upper bounds on acuity is derived from the ensemble using Fisher information, and the predicted patterns of estimation errors are related to psychophysical performance.
Coexistence Study and Interference Analysis in LTE Networks

This paper studies the issue of adjacent channel coexistence interference between LTE systems. It mainly researches macro cell and micro cell/pico cell coexistence scenario in LTE systems, introduces in detail some key technology like Network topology, power control and the ACIR model. By using uncertainty analysis method or system level simulation method, we finally get additional isolation requirements of different interference link situations in different interference scenes, and in the end we give some effective measures and suggestions for avoiding adjacent channel interference in the network deployment.
FOXA 1 mediates p 16 INK 4 a activation during cellular senescence

Mechanisms governing the transcription of p16, one of the master regulators of cellular senescence, have been extensively studied. However, little is known about chromatin dynamics taking place at its promoter and distal enhancer. Here, we report that Forkhead box A1 protein (FOXA1) is significantly upregulated in both replicative and oncogene-induced senescence, and in turn activates transcription of p16 through multiple mechanisms. In addition to acting as a classic sequence-specific transcriptional activator, FOXA1 binding leads to a decrease in nucleosome density at the p16 promoter in senescent fibroblasts. Moreover, FOXA1, itself a direct target of Polycomb-mediated repression, antagonizes Polycomb function at the p16 locus. Finally, a systematic survey of putative FOXA1 binding sites in the p16 genomic region revealed an B150 kb distal element that could loop back to the promoter and potentiate p16 expression. Overall, our findings establish several mechanisms by which FOXA1 controls p16 expression during cellular senescence. The EMBO Journal (2013) 32, 858–873. doi:10.1038/ emboj.2013. 35; Published online 26 February 2013 Subject Categories: chromatin & transcription; molecular biology of disease
Design and Implementation of Pedestrian Dead Reckoning System on a Mobile Phone

Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) based on human gait locomotion is a promising solution for indoor location services, which independently determine the relative position of the user using multiple sensors. Most existing PDR methods assume that all sensors are mounted in a fixed position on the user's body while walking. However, it is inconvenient for a user to mount his/her mobile phone or additional sensor modules in a specific position on his/her body such as the torso. In this paper, we propose a new PDR method and a prototype system suitable for indoor navigation systems on a mobile phone. Our method determines the user's relative position even if the sensors' orientation relative to the user is not given and changes from moment to moment. Therefore, the user does not have to mount the mobile phone containing sensors on the body and can carry it in a natural way while walking, e.g., while swinging the arms. Detailed algorithms, implementation and experimental evaluation results are presented.
Role of Histamine in the Hypotensive Action of d‐Tubocurarine in Humans

The administration of d-tubocurarine (dTc) to animals and humans has been reported to produce hypotension. Experiments in animals suggest that the hypotension is a result of both ganglionic blockade and histamine release. In order to determine the role of histamine release in dTc-induced hypotension in humans, the authors developed a sensitive radioenzymatic assay for plasma histamine and measured plasma histamine following dTc administration (0.25–0.75 mg/kg) to 21 surgical patients. While neither fentanyl (3 μg/kg) nor thiopental (6 mg/kg) produced a significant change in plasma histamine, dTc caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma [dose dTc vs. log (plasma histamine), r = 0.62 P < 0.003]. The log (plasma histamine) correlated with the dTc-induced hypotension (r = 0.61, P < 0.005). The data suggest that histamine release is an important factor in the hypotension accompanying dTc administration in humans.
Community Care in Camberwell

Summary A census was taken of all patients in psychiatric hostels and homes, psychiatric day care, and short-term in-patient care who also had at least one year's history of contact with services. During the following two years, 61% of the patients stayed continuously in day or residential care, while 17% were discharged from care within the first year and made no further use of day or residential services. Two main patterns of contact were evident–repeated short-term in-patient care or longer-term care in services outside hospital. Their most important determinant was whether a viable marriage still existed for the patient.
Simulation and measurement of the satellite to indoor propagation channel at L- and S-band

The satellite to indoor propagation channel in L- and S-band is becoming of significant importance because future satellite broadcast and navigation systems (as e.g. S-DMB and Galileo) are aiming at optimum performance in all kind of environments, i.e. even in indoor scenarios. In the framework of the EU FP6 project MAESTRO, Fraunhofer IIS has carried out measurements of the satellite to indoor coverage for the geostationary Worldspace-Afristar satellite for different types of buildings in Athens and Erlangen. The satellite to indoor propagation channel depends on several parameters as building layout and materials. Wave propagation models are mandatory for analysing the various influences in detail. For the accurate simulation a ray-optical model which considers 3D building vector data has been implemented by AWE Communications.
Spreading of Swirling Double–Concentric Jets at Low and High Pulsation Intensities

The spreading characteristics of acoustically excited swirling double-concentric jets were studied experimentally. The central jet was acoustically excited at low and high pulsation intensities. A smoke wire flow visualization and a hot-wire anemometer velocity measurement results show that excitation forces a vortex ring to roll-up from the edge of the central tube during each excitation period. At low pulsation intensities, the vortex ring evolves downstream, and eventually breaks up into turbulent eddies. At high pulsation intensities, the primary vortex ring evolves and a series of trailing vortex rings form during the same period of excitation. The trailing vortex rings accelerate while evolving downstream and overtake the primary vortex ring within the same cycle. In the process, the primary vortex ring becomes unstable and breaks up early. The effect of the fast traveling trailing vortex rings combined with the swirl motion of the annular flow improve jet spreading compared with the naturally evolving jets. Keywords—Acoustic excitation, double–concentric jets, flow control, swirling jet.
THE ASSESSMENT OF MITRAL STENOSIS BY PHONOCARDIOGRAPHY

Clinical assessment of the severity of mitral stenosis sometimes presents difficulties. The symptoms may be obscured by superadded effort syndrome or by limitation of activity imposed by the patient's doctor. The physical signs may reveal the presence of pulmonary hypertension or heart failure, but in their absence there may be little indication as to the size of the mitral orifice. The intensity of the diastolic murmur is of little value since the stenosis may be severe when the murmur is slight or even absent. The degree of pulmonary hypertension measured at cardiac catheterization and the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy on the electrocardiogram are not necessarily indications of the severity of mitral stenosis. When all the evidence is considered the assessment is reasonably accurate, but there is obvious room for more direct evidence as to the degree of stenosis. The crucial information required is the pressure gradient across the mitral orifice or the rapidity of filling of the left ventricle. Such information is not necessarily an indication of the size of the mitral orifice for the ability of the left ventricle to fill in diastole must be determined in part by the involvement of the chordx tendinew, by the location and mobility of the mitral orifice, and by myocardial factors. The present study provides evidence that the pressure gradient across the mitral valve and the rapidity of filling of the left ventricle can be estimated by a phonocardiographic technique.