Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrusion detection in sensor networks based on measurements

The paper presents the results of an empirical study of the intrusion detection methods in wireless sensor networks (WSN). It intends to verify if networking of heterogeneous sensors in WSN improves the system reliability and security. Unlike many other reported approaches, which employ conventional networking intrusion detection techniques in a WSN environment, this paper presents methods specific to sensor networks. They are designed to take an advantage of receiving sensor signals from networked sensors by building the models of the sensor signals and, on the higher network levels, objects under measurement. The methods are based on statistical processing of the measurement results coming from sensors and employing those models to detect the anomalies caused either by an equipment malfunctioning or human malicious activities and mistakes. Three algorithms are examined and implemented with SunSpot sensor kits produced by Sun Corp. Their performance in two intrusion activities executed on real sensor networks is analyzed.
Application of X-ray microanalysis to the study of cell physiology in cells attached to biomaterials.

X-ray microanalysis is commonly applied in biomaterials research to study changes in biomaterial composition, calcifications, or to identify particulates in tissue that has been in contact with biomaterials. Studies where the effect of biomaterials on the naturally occurring elements in the cells are studied are rare. Exposure to or contact with biomaterials may give rise to several cellular reactions with characteristic changes in elemental patterns. Experimental systems in which cultured cells are exposed to biomaterials, and the resulting changes in elemental content measured by X-ray microanalysis are presented. Proliferation results in an increase in Mg, P and K. Injury and necrosis result in increased Na, Cl and Ca, and decreased K and Mg. The Na/K ratio is a sensitive indicator of cell damage. Apoptosis results in increased Na/K and an increase P/S ratios. Mechanical effects of biomaterials may cause changes in cell-shape or cell volume that may result in volume-regulating ion fluxes, e.g., of chloride, accompanied by efflux of potassium. The multi-element detection capability of X-ray microanalysis makes it particularly suitable to detect these characteristic patterns of changes. The technique can also be used to define sub populations of cells that differ with respect to their reactions to external stimuli.
Achievement and Maintenance of Viral Suppression in Persons Newly Diagnosed With HIV, New York City, 2006–2009: Using Population Surveillance Data to Measure the Treatment Part of “Test and Treat”

Background:Viral suppression reduces HIV-related morbidity and transmission to uninfected partners. Models suggest that the transmission benefit may extend to whole communities. Methods:We used New York City surveillance data to analyze viral suppression among persons newly diagnosed with HIV between 2006 and 2009. The Kaplan–Meier product limit method was used to estimate the cumulative proportion achieving suppression and experiencing failure. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify factors associated with time to achieve suppression and duration of suppression and to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). Results:Among the 12,122 new diagnoses, 7663 (63.2%) ever achieved suppression by June 30, 2011, 26.6% within 6 months and 39.8% within 12 months of diagnosis. 89.2% of those ever achieving suppression maintained it for 6 months, and 81.9% for 12 months. The proportion achieving and maintaining suppression improved with each successive diagnostic year (P < 0.0001). Patients with initial CD4 <350 cells per cubic millimeter achieved suppression more rapidly (P < 0.0001) and maintained it longer. Those with the highest nadir CD4 before suppression (≥500 cells/mm3) were least likely to maintain it (men: HR = 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.82 and women: HR = 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 0.87). Conclusions:Persons in successively later diagnostic cohorts and those with nadir CD4 at the federal antiretroviral therapy threshold had larger proportions suppressed, faster time to suppression, and longer duration. New guidelines recommending therapy independent of CD4 may result in improvements in proportion suppressed in future diagnostic cohorts.
High Coverage Hint Generation for Massive Courses by Sumukh Sridhara Research Project

In massive programming courses, automated hint generation o↵ers the promise of zero-cost, zero-latency assistance for students who are struggling to make progress on solving a program. While a more robust hint generation approach based on path construction requires tremendous engineering e↵ort to build, another easier-to-build approach based on program mutations su↵ers from low coverage. This paper describes a robust hint generation system that extends the coverage of the mutation-based approach using two complementary techniques. A syntax checker detects common syntax misconception errors in individual subexpressions to guide students to partial solutions that can be evaluated for the semantic correctness. A mutation-based approach is then used to generate hints for almost-correct programs. If the mutation-based approach fails, a case analyzer detects missing program branches to guide students to partial solutions with reasonable structures. After analyzing over 75,000 program submissions and 8,789 hint requests, we found that using all three techniques together could o↵er hints for any program, no matter how far it was from a correct solution. Furthermore, our analysis shows that hints contributed to students’ progress while still encouraging the students to solve problems by themselves.
Direct association of p110 beta phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with p85 is mediated by an N-terminal fragment of p110 beta

Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase is a heterodimeric enzyme of 85-kDa (p85) and 110-kDa (p110) subunits implicated in mitogenic signal transduction by virtue of its activation in cells transformed by diverse viral oncoproteins and treated with various growth factors. We have identified a domain in p110 that mediates association with p85 in vitro and in intact cells. A glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the N-terminal 171 amino-acids of p110 beta bound to free p85 in cell lysates. This fusion protein also bound directly to p85 immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. An epitope-tagged fragment containing amino acids 31 to 150 of p110 beta associated with p85 upon expression in intact cells. Expression of either an N-terminal fragment of p110 beta or the p85 inter-SH2 domain, which mediates association with p110, reduced the association of endogenous PI 3-kinase activity with the activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor in intact cells. Hence, these defined regions of p85 and p110 mediate the interaction between the two subunits of PI 3-kinase.
Analysis of Decision-Making Process in Helicopter Emergency Medical Service

In the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS), the captain flies without using visual assistance to keep some distance between the helicopter and clouds or obstacles. Under the present conditions, the communication specialist (CS) and the captain of HEMS contact each other and select the safest flight path. With the increase in future requests, conducting safe and effective navigation is a challenge of the CS. However, it is difficult to say that all CSs conduct their duties with profound knowledge and experience about the detailed weather and land forms. In addition, a reasonable amount of time is needed to standardize their knowledge and experience. Consequently in this research, the authors focused on the understanding and assessment of the situation and the process of the decision-making and then analyzed them. The authors also interviewed the CS directly, and proposed to develop a system which can make up for the differences in the knowledge and experience of individual CSs. Analysis of Decision-Making Process in Helicopter Emergency Medical Service
Gene Clustering Using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms

Gene clustering is a familiar step in the exploratory analysis of high dimensional biological data. It is the process of grouping genes of similar patterns in the same cluster and aims at analyzing the functions of gene that leads to the development of drugs and early diagnosis of diseases. In the recent years, much research has been proposed using nature inspired meta-heuristic algorithms. Cuckoo Search is one such optimization algorithm inspired from nature by breeding strategy of parasitic bird, the cuckoo. This paper proposes cuckoo search clustering and clustering using levy flight cuckoo search for grouping brain tumor gene expression dataset. A comparative study is made with genetic algorithm, PSO clustering, cuckoo search clustering and clustering using levy flight cuckoo search. Levy flight is an important property of levy distribution which covers the entire search space. Breeding pattern of cuckoo is associated with the genes that cause tumor to grow and affect other organs gradually. Clusters generated by these algorithms are validated to find the closeness among the genes in a cluster and separation of genes between clusters. Experimental results carried out in this paper show that cuckoo search clustering outperforms other clustering methods used for experimentation.
Dual-Band Dual-Sense Circularly-Polarized CPW-Fed Slot Antenna With Two Spiral Slots Loaded

A novel design of a dual-band dual-sense circularly-polarized CPW-fed slot antenna with two spiral slots loaded is presented. The two loaded spiral slots in the ground plane can result in different senses of circular polarization. The dual-band operation is achieved by using the T-shape strip. The ratio of two frequencies is 1.375. The antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured. It is shown that the proposed antenna has good circular polarization characteristic. The measured 10 dB return loss impedance bandwidths are 8.7% for the lower band (RHCP) and 23% for the upper band (LHCP). The measured 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidths are 8.4% and 19.24%, with respect to 1.6 GHz (RHCP) and 2.2 GHz (LHCP), respectively.
Determination of body width in brown and white layer pullets by image analyses

ABSTRACT 1. Specific legal requirements for keeping pullets are not available in the European Union. However, two of the most important rearing factors for pullets are sufficient perching and feeder space. Both factors represent horizontal space dimensions which derive from the body width of the birds. 2. The body width of two strains of layer pullets (brown (BL) and white (WL) layer pullets) based on the measurement of distances in digital images was conducted on front-view digital photographs of BL and WL pullets taken at 8, 12 and 19 weeks of life. 3. Depending on live weight, age and body position, BL pullets measured an average body width between 10.70 ± 1.10 and 13.96 ± 1.11 cm. The width of WL pullets ranged from 10.30 ± 0.86 to 13.00 ± 1.14 cm. 4. Compared with WL, BL pullets occupied more horizontal space during rearing. Age influenced the body width of BL and WL pullets at the end of rearing. The tested body positions of the pullets did not affect the measured body width. 5. The biometric data obtained in this study are a useful basis for developing legal requirements for pullets, especially for defining minimum perch width and feeder space allowances.
A Computer-based Clinical Information System

Summary Modern information technology offers new opportunities for the storage and manipulation of hospital information. A computer-based hospital information system, dedicated to urology and nephrology, was designed and developed in our center. It involves in principle the employment of a program that allows the analysis of non-restricted, non-codified texts for the retrieval and processing of clinical data and its operation by non-computer-specialized hospital staff. This Hospital Information System now plays a vital role in the efficient provision of a good quality service and is used in daily routine and research work in this hospital. This paper describes this specialized Hospital Information System.
Evaluation of Mathematical Models Describing Drug Release from Estradiol Transdermal Systems

Abstract The in vitro release profiles of 13 patches of estradiol (from five marketed products) were determined by the paddle-over-disk method. The transdermal systems were membrane-controlled type or matrix diffusion-controlled type. The estradiol content of test aliquots of the dissolution medium was determined by HPLC. To analyze the release mechanism, several release models were tested such as zero order, first order, Higuchi, Weibull, Korsmeyer–Peppas, and Makoid–Banakar. The release profiles showed that the drug was released at a constant rate for three patches. The drug-release rate from the other 10 patches was not constant, and diminished with the square-root of time (Higuchi model).
A Dynamic Caching Mechanism for Hadoop using Memcached

—Advancements in disk capacity have greatly surpassed those in disk access time and band-width. As a result disk-based storage systems are ﬁnding it increasingly difﬁcult to cope up with the performance demands of large cluster-based systems. In an attempt to eradicate this bottleneck we present the design of a proactive fetching and caching mechanism based on Memcahed and integrate it with Hadoop. The contribution of this paper is three fold. First we present several practical design choices for integrating Hadoop with Memcached servers which would store meta-data about objects cached at datanodes. The blocks to be cached are decided on the basis of two-level greedy approach. Then we compare several open source memcached server and client implementations, and ﬁnd out the best one for our requirements. Finally we simulate caching in Hadoop based on the possible design choices of using Memcached as the metadata store of the cached objects. The simulation results are promising and indicate multi-fold of speedup for certain workloads of MapReduce jobs.
Occupancy measurement by object tracking at building entrances

Building occupancy measurement is becoming an increasingly important topic in the energy saving area. This paper proposes an occupancy measurement algorithm based on visual object tracking at entrances of buildings. The algorithm figures out variation of occupancy by comparing the size flags of the same pedestrian in adjacent frames. A CNN based deep learning tracker is designed to match multiple pedestrians in sequential frames. Its parameters are online uptated using the latest sample set after analysis of each frame. Five modes of occlusion are summarized and compensation mechanism is designed once the occlusion is detected by a Finite State Machine (FSM) model. The experimental result shows the good performance, especially in terms of robustness and accuracy. The algorithm is very valuable in measuring occupancy of buildings once it is integrated with the existing video surveillance software.
A wideband variable gain differential CMOS LNA for multi-standard wireless LAN

This paper describes a wideband variable gain LNA for multi-standard wireless LAN operating in the frequency bands of 4.9-5.825 GHz, including three standards: IEEE 802.11a, ETSI HiperLAN2 and MMAC HiSWANa. By using a simple feedback loop at the second stage of LNA we realized the continuous gain control. A variable gain range of 18.7 dB (0.7 dB to 19.4 dB) is achieved. The noise figure is 1.1 dB at the maximum gain and the input 1-dB compression point is -3.5 dBm at the minimum gain, while the DC power consumption is 12.6 mW under a 1.8 V supply voltage.
Metabolic Control Patterns in Acute Phase and Regenerating Human Liver Determined In Vivo by 31-Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

ObjectiveTo elucidate the metabolic changes occurring within hepatocytes during acute phase reaction and liver regeneration. Summary Background DataThe metabolic events occurring within the liver during the hepatic stress response are poorly understood. The authors used in vivo 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study hepatic metabolism after surgical trauma with and without loss of liver cell mass. MethodsThree groups were studied: five patients undergoing partial hepatectomy; five patients in whom laparotomy and colonic resection was performed; and five patients treated by thyroidectomy. Hepatic metabolism was evaluated by 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy before surgery and serially thereafter on postoperative days 2, 4, 6, 14, and 28. Estimation of liver volume by magnetic resonance imaging and blood sampling for biochemistry were performed at the same time points. ResultsThe authors found that alterations in hepatocyte phospholipid metabolism occurred after surgery that were correlated with changes in circulating acute phase proteins. Liver regeneration after hepatectomy was also associated with a derangement in energy metabolism, measured by a decrease in the ratio of ATP to its hydrolysis product inorganic phosphate. The depleted energy status was mirrored in biochemical indices of liver function, and restitution paralleled the course of restoration of hepatic cell mass. ConclusionsThese findings indicate that changes in liver metabolism after surgery reflect the magnitude of tissue injury and the quantity of functioning liver cells. Acute phase responses dominate the initial recovery period at the expense of less important endergonic functions. When liver parenchyma is lost, the acute phase reaction is maintained and further supported by a rapid replenishment of hepatocytes, which can even be considered a continuation of acute phase physiology. Modulation of liver function within the framework of overall hepatic energy economy is one mechanism for matching energy supply with increased demands during these processes.
RNA-seq expression profiling of rat MCAO model following reperfusion Orexin-A

Orexin-A is a neuropeptide with potent neuroprotective activity towards cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but few studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanism. Herein, we performed global gene expression profiling of the hippocampus following reperfusion with Orexin-A using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RNA-seq identified 649 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Orexin-A group compared with saline controls (I/R group), of which 149 were up-regulated and 500 were down-regulated. DEGs were confirmed using qRT-PCR, their molecular functions, biological processes and molecular components were explored using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and 206 KEGG pathways were associated with Orexin-A treatment. MAPK, chemokine and calcium signalling pathways were mainly responsible for the neuroprotective effects of Orexin-A. Hspb1, Igf2 and Ptk2b were selected for functional interaction analysis by GeneMANIA. The results suggest that Orexin-A modifies gene expression in the hippocampus, leading to neuroprotection from I/R injury. The study provides a basis for future elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying Orexin-A.
Preserving the Internal Mammary Artery: End-to-Side Microvascular Arterial Anastomosis for DIEP and SIEA Flap Breast Reconstruction

Background: Microvascular breast reconstruction often sacrifices the internal mammary artery by means of an end-to-end anastomosis. However, an end-to-side anastomosis to the internal mammary artery will maintain the option of using the internal mammary artery for future coronary artery bypass. The authors' goal was to show the feasibility and reliability of the end-to-side arterial anastomosis by comparing it with the end-to-end anastomosis in terms of associated ischemia time, flap weight, incidence of thrombosis and fat necrosis, and overall flap survival. Methods: The authors reviewed the medical records of 22 consecutive patients who underwent 30 autologous breast reconstructions performed by one surgeon at The Johns Hopkins Hospital Avon Foundation Breast Center and whose deep inferior epigastric artery perforator or superficial inferior epigastric artery flap pedicles were anastomosed using an arterial end-to-side hand-sewn technique (15 anastomoses) or an arterial end-to-end hand-sewn technique (15 anastomoses). The authors compared the identified parameters and set the level of significance at the 0.05 alpha level. Results: The only significant difference between the end-to-side and end-to-end groups was mean ischemia time: 85.3 ± 18.1 minutes (range, 55 to 113 minutes) and 64.4 ± 23.6 minutes (range, 30 to 113 minutes), respectively. Conclusions: Although ischemia times were increased in the end-to-side group, they remained within acceptable limits. Therefore, this technique is a reliable and technically feasible method of preserving the internal mammary artery system for future potential cardiac surgery. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.
Conflict-free motion of multiple mobile robots based on decentralized motion planning and negotiation

This article presents a novel approach to conflict-resolution for multiple mobile robots. By use of online motion planning, a framework for negotiation is developed, which permits quick decentralized and parallel decision-making. The key objective of the negotiation procedure is dynamic assignment of robot motion priorities. Thus, robots involved in a local conflict situation cooperate in planning and execution of the lowest cost motion paths without application of any centralized components. The features required for individual and cooperative motion are embedded in a hybrid control architecture. Results obtained from realistic simulation of a multirobot environment and also from experiments performed with two mobile robots demonstrate the flexibility and the efficiency of the proposed method.
Administering the "AHSP Questionnaire" (appetite, hunger, sensory perception) in a geriatric rehabilitation care.

BACKGROUND Frail elderly people, living in nursing homes, usually show a malnutrition state caused by an increased need of energy or an inadequate food intake. Among the causes leading to reduction of food intake in elderly people and consequently to malnutrition, is the loss of appetite, often marker of depression and alterations of taste and smell perception. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to verify the application of the AHSP Questionnaire and relate its score to nutritional state of a frail elderly population hospitalized in a geriatric rehabilitation care. SETTING AND SUBJECTS All patients of the "3rd Rehabilitation Department" of the Istituto Geriatrico "Villa delle Querce" Nemi (Rome-Italy). METHODS Informations, number and type of medical conditions, prescribed drugs, other parameters that can affect taste, smell, hunger and nutritional status, mood, cognitive and nutritional status have been collected from the clinical folders. To assess appetite, hunger smell and taste perception had been submitted the AHSP Questionnaire. RESULTS The AHSP Questionnaire had been administered only to 44 of the 103 patients present at the survey because of the high prevalence of cognitive impairment. AHSP score is lower in presence of malnutrition assessed with MNA (Mini Nutritional Assessment). MNA, expressed as proportional score, seems to present a clear correlation with AHSP's (r=0.59; p=0.000). CONCLUSION The results achieved show the scarce adaptability of the AHSP Questionnaire to frail elderly people living in geriatric rehabilitation care. MNA is at the moment the most reliable tool to single out dietary deficiency on geriatrics population.