Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The bacteriological quality of goat and ovine milk.

This study concentrates on information concerning the microbiological hazards that can be present in raw milk from animal species other than cows. A total of 54 (23 of ovine and 31 of goat) bulk tank milk samples from 10 farms in the Czech Republic were collected in years 2013 - 2014. The sampling was done at regular time intervals during the whole year, with five to eight samples collected from each of the 10 dairy farms involved in the study. All milk samples were collected into sterile sampling bottles and transported in a cooler sampling case to the laboratory for immediate examination. Farms were randomly selected to cover the whole area of the Czech Republic. The prevalence and characteristic of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella spp. , Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes was studied. Raw cow's milk can be contaminated by E. coli intramammarily during clinical or subclinical mastitis and either directly through animal feces or indirectly during milk collection through farm employees or the milking equipment. E. coli was detected in 90.3% of the goat milk and 95.7% of the ovine milk samples. The genes encoding Shiga toxins 1 and 2- ( stx 1 , stx 2 ) were not detected and no STEC was identified. The Eae was the detected in 3 (4.6%) isolates. S. aureus was detected in 9 (29.0%) samples of goat milk and 8 (34.8%) samples of ovine milk. A total 12 (57.1%) enterotoxin positive S. aureus were obtained; 6 (28.6%) were positive for the production of sec encoding enterotoxin SEC; in 4 (19.0%) isolates the gene seh was detected; 2 (9.5%) isolates were proven positive for seg (4.8%) and combination seg and sei (4.8%). The presence of MRSA was not detected in the tested samples in our study. L. monocytogenes was detected in 1 (3.2%) samples of goat milk and 1 (4.3%) samples of ovine milk. The serotype (1/2a, 1/2b) was detected in our study. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. were not isolated from any of the samples. These results form the basis for determining the microbiological quality standards for goat and ovine milk.
Manipulation of host cell death and innate immune signaling pathways by Coxsackievirus B3

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB), an enterovirus, is a small, ssRNA virus with a genome of approximately 7 kB. There are 2 million symptomatic CVB infections annually in the United States, ranging from mild febrile illnesses to myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, or pancreatitis. CVB is a fecal-oral pathogen and must overcome diverse cellular barriers to cause disease, including the polarized epithelium lining the gastrointestinal tract. Viral infection of a host cell results in a variety of cellular responses that serve to control the viral infection. Once such response is the activation of intracellular innate immune signaling; this results in the production of type I interferon, which signals in an auto- and paracrine fashion to alter the transcriptional profile of a cell to inhibit viral replication. A second response to viral infection is the induction of cell death pathways; as viruses utilize host cell machinery for replication, early cell death of a host cell can result in an abortive infection. Here, I examine the ways in which CVB interfaces with these host cell pathways that affect viral replication. A primary mechanism utilized by CVB for altering host cell pathways is the production of the virally-encoded cysteine protease 3Cpro. 3Cpro is required to process the viral polypeptide but is also known to target cellular protein targets for proteolysis. Here, I identify two cellular proteins targeted for proteolysis by 3Cpro, Unc93b and RIP3, that are involved in the intracellular innate immune signaling and cell death pathways, respectively. I then characterize the roles of these proteins and their cleavage during CVB infection. In summary, I explore the ways in which CVB manipulates its host cell through proteolysis of host cell proteins by the virally-encoded protease 3Cpro and find that the balance between virus and host is finely tuned through the activity of this protease.
Behavioral Entrepreneurship Theory: A Survey and Future Directions

The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive literature review around the transition from rational to behavioral entrepreneurship theory, and its implications. In fact, it discusses in some depth the origin and the behavioral aspects of this new theory. It presents also a review of the most documented biases and their effect on entrepreneurial decisions. At the end of this paper, we propose some future directions of research around this new behavioral theory.
A Study on Sasang Constitutional Characteristics of Atopic Dermatitis Patients Based on Atopic Dermatitis Personal Health Record

A Study on Sasang Constitutional Characteristics of Atopic Dermatitis Patients Based on Atopic Dermatitis Personal Health Record Hyun-Kyung Sung.Ho-Yeon Go.Mi-Ran Shin Dept. of Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Dept. of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Dept. of Sasang Constitutional medicine, College of Korean Medicine Semyung University Objective The purpose of this study is to analyze the daily life records of atopic dermatitis patients according to Sasang Constitution based on the data recorded using Personal Health Record (PHR) platform, and to find basic data for the Sasang Constitutional daily life management and prevention. Method Thirty patients with atopic dermatitis under 19 years old were included. The data recorded using PHR platform by the patient or the parents for 6 weeks and allergic blood tests were analyzed according to Sasang Constitution. Result As a result of analyzing the atopic dermatitis PHR related to Sasang Constitutional characteristics, there were no significant differences due to the small number of subjects. There were a tendency associated with the Sasang Constitutional characteristics in the emotional state, urine, stool and weakness score of five viscera. Allergic reactions tended to occur in those with higher weakness score of Viscera. There was a significant correlation between quality of life and SCORing Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD) score. Conclusion This study can be considered as a primary study on items that tend to be associated with Sasang constitutional characteristics in patients with atopic dermatitis.
The Calibration of the UVIT Detectors for the ASTROSAT Observatory

Abstract The UVIT ultraviolet and visual band detectors and electronics for the ASTROSAT observatory were calibrated in the vacuum laboratory at the University of Calgary. This work was supported by the Canadian Space Agengy and carried out prior to integration with the UVIT optical assembly and the ASTROSAT spacecraft. The multiband (X-ray, ultraviolet and optical) ASTROSAT observatory was successfully launched by the Indian Space Research Organization on Sept. 28, 2015, with subsequent in-orbit verification and ongoing calibration activities. Here we discuss the current issues of calibrating the UVIT data, such as distortion corrections, and how the laboratory data is being used to address these issues.
Phytochemical Constituents from Aloe Vera Leaves and Garden Grass Seeds and Their Utilization as Anticancer Activity

This study was achieved to estimate the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, phenolic acids, and flavonoids compounds and also there fractionated using HPLC to Aloe Vera leaves and garden cress seeds. Moreover, the determined effect of Aloe Vera and garden cress on cultured tumor breast cancer (MFC-7) in methanol extract and there compared with Vinblastine Salfate as control and of 5-Flurourasil as references against on breast cancer cell line. The results illustrated that the Aloe Vera was the highest in ash content, crude fiber and total carbohydrate in addition garden cress had the highest in protein content and total lipid. Minerals content observed that the iron, magnesium, manganese, and zinc were the major component in Aloe Vera whereas, calcium, potassium, and sodium were the major components in garden cress. Antioxidant activity was found high in Aloe Vera leaves and garden cress seeds. Furthermore, the Aloe Vera leaves and garden cress seeds had contained from eight compounds from the phenolic acids (ferulic, P-coumaric, caffic, vanillic, cinamic, chlorogenic and ellagic acids) and flavonoid compounds as quercetin, merictin, rutin, narengin, rhamentin, apiginin, kampferol, and quercitrin. Inhibitory activity of Garden cress against breast carcinoma cells was detected using MTT assay, Vinblastine Sulfate as control and 5-Flurourasil as references under these experimental conditions with IC50 were 36.4± 2.9, 5.9 ± 0.8 and 28  2.7 μg/ml (after 48 hours incubation) and also in Aloe Vera with IC50 were 28.2 ± 0.9, 4.39± 0.25 and 28  2.7 μg/ml (after 48 hours incubation). From the above results, it could be recommended that the Aloe Vera leaves and garden cress seeds had contained rich amount from bioactive compounds as natural antioxidants which may be a delay of carcinoma diseases and elevated life expectancy.
Diversity of endosymbiotic bacterial communities in terrestrial isopods : the role of feminizing Wolbachia and other major players

Les interactions isopodes terrestres-Wolbachia feminisantes constituent un excellent modele d'etude des interactions multipartites complexes. A ce jour, trois Wolbachia feminisantes, issues d'histoires evolutives differentes, ont ete identifiees chez l'hote Armadillidium vulgare. L'objectif de cette these est d'avoir une vue plus complete du microbiote d'A. vulgare et de l'impact des souches de Wolbachia sur cette communaute bacterienne. Dans ce but, des approches quantitative et metagenomique ont ete combinees afin de caracteriser le microbiote d'A.vulgare a plusieurs niveaux d'integration: (i) dans des populations naturelles et des lignees controlees de laboratoire, (ii) au sein de differents tissus hotes et (iii) en relation avec le statut d'infection par Wolbachia. Aucun microbiote coeur n'a ete mis en evidence malgre une relative homogeneite des communautes symbiotiques dans les tissus de l'hote. De plus, les bacteries environnementales avaient un impact important sur le microbiote symbiotique. Chez les animaux infectes, Wolbachia represente la bacterie dominante et le facteur majeur de la structuration de la communaute symbiotique. Nous avons egalement mis en evidence la presence d'un autre constituant majeur du microbiote dans tous les tissus de l'hote: Candidatus Hepatoplasma crinochetorum, un symbiote facultatif repute jusque-la pour etre seulement associe aux glandes digestives de l'intestin. Afin d'eclairer les interactions potentielles entre hote et ce symbiote relativement peu connu, la sequence du genome de Ca. H. crinochetorum a ete obtenue. Une analyse preliminaire des interactions fonctionnelles des voies metaboliques impliquees dans la digestion de la cellulose nous a permis d'identifier des enzymes cellulolytiques specifiques de l'hote et du symbiote. Cette etude ouvre de nouvelles perspectives dans l'etude de la symbiose chez les isopodes.
Perencanaan sistem plambing di Apartemen Tunjungan Plaza, Surabaya

Apartemen Tunjungan Plaza berlokasi di Jalan Basuki Rahmat, Kota Surabaya dan dibangun di atas lahan seluas 4520 m2 yang terdiri dari mall, kantor, dan apartemen dengan total lantai sebanyak 36 lantai. Mall terdiri dari 4 lantai, kantor terdiri dari 9 lantai, dan apartemen terdiri dari 20 lantai. Tinggi bangunan apartemen ini adalah 167,6 m dengan total hunian sebanyak 221 unit. Sistem penyediaan air bersih yang diterapkan adalah sistem tangki atap dan mendistribusikan air secara gravitasi. Direncanakan juga sistem air daur ulang dari air buangan yang dimanfaatkan kembali untuk flushing kloset tangki gelontor dan siram taman. Jumlah kebutuhan air bersih adalah 269 m3/hari dan kebutuhan air daur ulang adalah 44 m3/hari dengan kapasitas reservoir bawah air bersih 564,54 m3 dan kapasitas reservoir bawah air daur ulang adalah 62 m3. Pemompaan menuju reservoir atas yaitu selama 12 jam dengan pompa transfer dan kapasitas reservoir atas adalah 112 m3 sedangkan untuk air daur ulang adalah 23 m3. 2 pipa tegak dibutuhkan untuk air bersih dan 2 pipa tegak untuk air daur ulang. PRV pada pipa tegak dipasang di lantai 26, 19, 10 dan lantai 1. Perhitungan fluktuasi pemakaian air bersih menggunakan apartemen Merr sebagai pembanding dengan kriteria yang sama dengan apartemen yang direncanakan. Air buangan menggunakan sistem terpisah antara air bekas dan air kotor. Air buangan salurkan ke STP untuk diolah. Air buangan yang sudah di daur ulang dimanfaatkan kembali untuk flushing kloset tangki gelontor dan siram taman. Air hujan disalurkan melalui talang atap berdiameter 89 mm dan 114 mm dan pipa tegak berdiameter 60 mm dan 89 mm. Air hujan tersebut disalurkan menuju sumur resapan yang direncanakan berjumlah 1 buah. Biaya investasi dan konstruksi peralatan plambing Apartemen Tunjungan Plaza sebesar Rp 2,157,697,501,- dengan biaya penyediaan air bersih per unit Rp 4,445,643,- dan untuk penyaluran air buangan sebesar Rp 1,070,711,-.
Establishing the bacterial control points in poultry slaughterhouse.

The aim of this study was to identify the critical control points (CCP) in a poultry slaughterhouse. We take into consideration the following sampling points: chickens’ feathers, the bleeding knife; scalding water; the rubber fingers from the mechanical plucker; the carcasses surfaces after deplucking; the table for pluck finishing; post-evisceration (external and internal) carcasses surfaces; carcasses surfaces after washing and airing; the carcasses surfaces after chilling; faience; technological water; hand workers. From this, only two had an important contaminating effect: bird feathers, which participate in bacterial contamination of finished product with: 5 log. cfu/ cm total viable counts; 2 log. cfu/ cm enterococci; 2 log. cfu/ cm sulphite reducing-anaerobes bacteria and the table for manual pluck finishing, which contribute in increasing the bacterial load of processed carcasses as follows: 5 log. cfu/ cm total viable counts; 3 log. cfu /cm coliforms bacteria; 2 log. cfu/ cm enterococci; 2 log. cfu/ cm sulphite reducing-anaerobes bacteria. These two stages must accept as critical control points (CCP), because, on poultry slaughtering line, after them none operation assuring the decrease of bacterial contamination at acceptable level.
Limits to the estimation of species richness: The use of relative abundance distributions

The present study demonstrates the possibility of estimating species numbers of animal or plant communities from samples using relative abundance distributions. We use log‐abundance–species‐rank order plots and derive two new estimators that are based on log‐series and lognormal distributions. At small to moderate sample sizes these estimators appear to be more precise than previous parametric and nonparametric estimators. We test our estimators using samples from 171 published medium‐sized to large animal and plant communities taken from the literature. By this we show that our new estimators define also limits of precision.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis Using Cefepime in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

The challenge of Cefepime resistance in developing countries is substantial and likely to grow. Emergence of Cefepime-resistant bacteria has increased and management of this has become a therapeutic challenge. The production of beta lactamases by most bacteria make them to be resistant to beta lactam antibiotics like Cefepime which is common nowadays. Forty clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis from different clinical sites were analyzed between March and August, 2013 using standard bacteriological methods. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the sensitivity of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis to Cefepime . Their sensitivity against Cefepime (30µg) was determined using disk diffusion method. The isolates were divided into three groups: sensitive, intermediate and resistance based on their sensitivity pattern. The result showed that Escherichia coli had 29.03% sensitivity, 16.13% intermediate and 58.83% resistance while Proteus mirabilis had 22.22% sensitivity, 11.11% intermediate and 66.67% resistance. The overall susceptibility pattern of the clinical isolates to Cefepime is 27.50% sensitivity, 15.00% intermediate and 57.57% resistance. There was a great Cefepime- resistance among clinical isolates of E. coli and Proteus mirabilis analyzed. The resistance pattern of E. coli and Proteus mirabilis calls for continuous surveillance for Cefepime resistance control.
Short rotation forestry and earthworm diversity : impacts and responses

Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) has been introduced to the UK as a method to increase biomass production. However, some SRF species have raised concerns about potential impacts on the environment. A largely unknown aspect of SRF is the quality and quantity of leaf litter, and its impact on soil fauna, of which the earthworm community is a major component. Earthworms have direct impacts on the soil biogeochemistry of SRF systems, and the tree species can impact on the associated earthworm community. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SRF species and litter quality on earthworm communities, their diversity and activity. In addition, the effects of earthworms on SRF litter decomposition, carbon-nutrient cycling and tree growth were assessed. Field surveys, laboratory experiments and field experiments were utilised. Survey results suggested that SRF species, tree age, land-used history and soil type exhibited an interactive effect on overall earthworm community development. Further, growth of eucalyptus, as SRF on marginal-arable or reclaimed sites, led to relatively rapid earthworm colonisation and community development. SRF litter quality showed a direct effect on earthworm food selection, growth and reproduction. The native Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula and Fraxinus excelsior litter supported earthworms and their activities over non-native Acer pseudoplatanus, Castaneas sativa and Eucalyptus nitens. Native British earthworms indicated a significant preference (p < 0.05) for E. nitens litter over A. pseudoplatanus and C. sativa. Earthworms showed a significant contribution (p < 0.05) to SRF litter decomposition, carbon and nutrient release within SRF systems and the degree of contribution varied with SRF species, earthworm density and diversity. Field studies demonstrated that a mixed earthworm community utilised non-native species but favoured particular native trees. Earthworm influence on nutrient uptake, tree growth and biomass production varied with SRF species. A one year field experiment showed that rapidly growing E. nitens benefited more from earthworm activity than relatively slow growing B. pendula. Overall, the current work supports the production of SRF, as with only one exception (C. sativa), results tended to show that SRF-earthworm interactions were positive. It is perhaps most interesting that non-native E. nitens showed a positive interaction with native British earthworms.
Do Atlantic salmon parr trade growth against immunity?

Life history theory predicts trade-offs between reproduction and investments into other expensive physiological functions such as growth and immunity. The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L. 1758), a species with alternative reproductive strategies and indeterminate growth, offers an excellent opportunity to test for the existence of such trade-offs. We tested the hypothesis that reproduction suppresses immunity and physiological condition by comparing the measures of innate immunity, redox balance and body condition in reproductive (sneaker) male vs. non-reproductive female Atlantic salmon parr in suboptimal and good quality spawning site. Reproductive males did not appear immunocompromised or in poorer condition than non-reproductive females, suggesting that milt production per se did not exert sex-specific somatic costs under the study conditions. We did not find any evidence that the capability of phagocytes to produce an oxidative burst upon stimulation in vitro (whole blood chemiluminescence, WBCL response) covaried with measures of redox balance (spleen total glutathione concentration or superoxide dismutase activity). Quality of the spawning sites influenced the measured parameters. Fish collected from the river with a good quality spawning were heavier than those in suboptimal spawning site. In both study sites and irrespective of sex, shorter fishes had stronger WBCL responses than longer fishes. This finding is consistent with a concept that different individuals within populations can follow different life history or physiological strategies with some individuals prioritizing somatic growth over immune responsiveness and vice versa.
Wolbachia endosymbiont in some insect pests of sericulture

The polymerase chain reaction method was applied to screen some insect pests of sericulture for the presence of Wolbachia, a rickettsial alpha-proteo-bacterium. The results revealed that out of 16 insect species representing six major orders, viz. Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Dictyoptera comprising fifteen families tested, four were positive for Wolbachia infection. Two among these are insect pests of Morus species, one of Terminalia species and another major dipteran endoparasite of tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta harbours Wolbachia. These results indicate that the occurrence of Wolbachia is widespread among insect pests of sericulture.
Enhancement of efficiency for broadband unidirectional light scattering by core-shell nanoantennas

A core-shell nanocube antenna is proposed to numerically simulate broadband unidirectional scattering. Comparing the scattering of a dielectric nanocube and core-shell nanocube, it is found that the core-shell nanocube has a higher forward/backward ratio and better unidirectional scattering efficiency. In order to further enhance forward scattering efficiency and reduce the side-lobe of scattering, the particle chain of core-shell nanocubes is proposed by arranging multiple nanoparticles. It is possible to achieve better unidirectional scattering over a wide spectral range. In addition, we also numerically studied the effect of the gap between the particles and the radius of the metal core on unidirectional scattering. It is demonstrated that the optimal gap should be selected to achieve ideal unidirectional forward scattering. The unique optical properties of core-shell nanocubes have important practical applications particularly in the fields of nanoantennas, photovoltaic devices, and nanolasers that require reflection suppression.
Juvenile Desoria gracilliseta (Collembola, Isotomidae) with four anal spines

Desoria gracilliseta colonizes a fruticose lichen, Cladonia sp. , in a snowy habitat in Hokkaido, Japan. Juveniles appear in October, continue to develop under snow, and mature in May. Recent surveys from mid-September to mid-October revealed the presence of a Tetracanthura-like collembolan, in addition to D. gracilliseta juveniles. Body lengths of the Tetracanthura-like collembolan remained consistent throughout the duration of the surveys averaging 0.49 mm, whereas D. gracilliseta juveniles grew steadily from 0.54 mm to 0.8 mm. Both forms were almost indistinguishable except that the Tetracanthura-like collembolan had four anal spines on abdominal segment VI and short spines on the head and thorax segment II. Large individuals distinctive of D. gracilliseta collected in March were also included for comparisons in morphology and DNA sequences. Antennal segment IV and the furca developed with increasing body length. DNA barcode analysis, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 16S ribosomal RNA genes confirmed the genetic identities of the Tetracanthura-like collembolan, and juveniles and subadults of D. gracilliseta to be D. gracilliseta. The significance of morphological changes in D. gracilliseta was discussed in terms of survival strategy against predation.