Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Voluntary Wheel Running on Striatal Dopamine Level and Neurocognitive Behaviors after Molar Loss in Rats

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of voluntary wheel running on striatal dopamine level and behavior of cognition and emotion in molar loss rats. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into following 4 groups: control group (C group), molar loss group (ML group), 1-week physical exercise before molar loss group (1W-ML group), and 4-week physical exercise before molar loss group (4W-ML group). The rats both in 4W-ML and 1W-ML groups were placed in the voluntary running wheel in order to exercise for 4 weeks and 1 week, respectively. Then, the rats in 4W-ML, 1W-M, and ML groups received bilateral molar loss operation. After 10 days, striatal dopamine level was detected by in vivo microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical detection. All the rats received behavior test after microdialysis detection. The behavior tests including passive avoidance test were used to assess cognition and elevated plus maze test for emotion. The results indicated that voluntary wheel running promoted striatal dopamine level in rats of molar loss. Behavioral data indicated that voluntary wheel running promoted cognition and emotion recovery after molar loss. Therefore, we concluded physical exercise significantly improved the neurocognitive behaviors and increased the striatal dopamine level after molar loss in rats.
Non‐PKC DAG/Phorbol‐Ester receptor(s) inhibit complement receptor‐3 and nPKC inhibit scavenger receptor‐AI/II‐mediated myelin phagocytosis but cPKC, PI3k, and PLCγ activate myelin phagocytosis by both

Complement‐receptor‐3 (CR3/MAC‐1), scavenger‐receptor‐AI/II (SRAI/II), and Fcγ‐receptor (FcγR) can mediate myelin phagocytosis in macrophages and microglia. Paradoxically, after injury to CNS axons these receptors are expressed but myelin is not phagocytosed, suggesting that phagocytosis is subject to regulation between efficient and inefficient states. In the present work, we focus on CR3/MAC‐1 and SRAI/II‐mediated myelin phagocytosis. Phagocytosis by CR3/MAC‐1 and SRAI/II was inhibited by cPKC inhibitor Go‐6976, general‐PKC inhibitors Ro‐318220 and calphostin‐C, and BAPTA/AM, which chelates intracellular Ca2+ required for cPKC activation. Signaling/activation by cPKC are thus suggested. PMA, which mimics diacylglycerol (DAG) as an activator of cPKC, novel‐PKC (nPKC), and non‐PKC DAG‐driven molecule(s), produced a dose‐dependent dual effect on phagocytosis by CR3/MAC‐1 and SRAI/II, i.e., augmentation at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations. Inhibition of phagocytosis by CR3/MAC‐1 was enhanced by combining inhibiting concentrations of PMA with PKC inhibitors Go‐6976 or Ro‐318220, suggesting inhibition by PMA/DAG‐driven non‐PKC molecule(s). In contrast, inhibition of phagocytosis by SRAI/II was enhanced by combining inhibiting concentrations of PMA with cPKC inhibitor Go‐6976 but not with general‐PKC inhibitor Ro‐318220, suggesting inhibition by nPKC. Phagocytosis by CR3/MAC‐1 and SRAI/II was further inhibited by PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY‐294002 and PLCγ inhibitor U‐73122. Altogether, our observations suggest that CR3/MAC‐1 and SRAI/II‐mediated myelin phagocytosis share activation by PI3K, PLCγ and cPKC. The two differ, however, in that non‐PKC DAG‐driven molecule(s) inhibit CR3/MAC‐1‐mediated phagocytosis, whereas nPKC inhibit SRAI/II‐mediated phagocytosis. Each of these signaling steps may be targeted for regulating CR3/MAC‐1 and/or SRAI/II‐mediated phagocytosis between efficient and inefficient states. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Practice of Epidemiology Gene-Environment Interaction in Genome-Wide Association Studies

It is a commonly held belief that most complex diseases (e.g., diabetes, asthma, cancer) are affected in part by interactions between genes and environmental factors. However, investigators conducting genome-wide association studies typically test for only the marginal effects of each genetic marker on disease. In this paper, the authors propose an efficient and easily implemented 2-step analysis of genome-wide association study data aimed at identifying genes involved in a gene-environment interaction. The procedure complements screening for marginal genetic effects and thus has the potential to uncover new genetic signals that have not been identified previously.
Clinical implications for diffusion‐weighted MRI brain lesions associated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is increasingly used to treat patients with aortic stenosis deemed high or extreme surgical risk candidates. Despite improved survival and quality of life following the procedure, TAVR is not without its complications. Stroke is a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing the procedure, with rates similar to and often higher than those associated with surgery. Most studies show a consistent link between TAVR and embolic lesions visualized on diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The question of whether these lesions lead to long‐term cognitive consequences remains open, but given the large literature on silent strokes and cognition, this association is probable. Initial studies implementing cerebral embolic protection devices in TAVR have yielded promising results with decreased neurological complications and appearance of new lesions on imaging. In this article, we will review the evidence linking silent stroke with cognitive decline, and potential therapeutic options to prevent stroke related to TAVR, including cerebral protection devices currently under investigation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The AUR 1 Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Encodes Dominant Resistance to the Antifungal Agent Aureobasidin A ( LY 295337 )

Aureobasidin A (LY295337) is a cyclic depsipeptide antifungal agent with activity against Candida spp. The mechanism of action of LY295337 remains unknown. LY295337 also shows activity against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Generation of a mutant of S. cerevisiae resistant to LY295337 is reported. Resistance was found to reside in a dominant mutation of a single gene which has been named AUR1 (for aureobasidin resistance). This gene was cloned and sequenced. A search for homologous sequences in GenBank and by BLAST did not elucidate the function of this gene, although sequence homology to an open reading frame from the Saccharomyces genome sequencing project and several other adjacent loci was noted. Deletion of aur1 was accomplished in a diploid S. cerevisiae strain. Subsequent sporulation and dissection of the aur1/aur1D diploid resulted in tetrads demonstrating 2:2 segregation of viable and nonviable spores, indicating that deletion of aur1 is lethal. As LY295337 is fungicidal and deletion of aur1 is lethal, aur1 represents a potential candidate for the target of LY295337.
Histone acetylation is essential for ANG‐II‐induced IGF‐IIR gene expression in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells and pathologically hypertensive rat heart

The IGF‐II/mannose 6‐phosphate receptor (IGF‐IIR/Man‐6‐P) up‐regulation correlates with heart disease progression and its signaling cascades directly trigger pathological cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiomyocytes apoptosis. IGF‐IIR gene expression/ suppression is able to prevent myocardial remodeling. However, the regulating mechanisms for the IGF‐IIR gene remain unclear. This study performed reverse transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR) and methylation‐specific PCR (MS‐PCR) to detect expression and DNA methylation of CpG islands within the IGF‐IIR genomic DNA region. Our finding revealed that the IGF‐IIR gene was up‐regulated both in H9c2 cells treated with tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), angiotensin II (ANGII) and inomycin, and age‐dependently in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) heart. For the DNA methylation study, although there were four CpG islands within IGF‐IIR genomic regions, the DNA methylation distribution showed no change either in cells treated with ANGII or in the SHR heart. Using chemical inhibitors to individually block histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, we found that histone acetylation was essential for ANGII‐induced IGF‐IIR gene expression using RT‐PCR and luciferase assay. The Chromatin immuno‐precipitation assay indicated that acetyl‐Histone H3 and acetyl‐Histone H4 associated with the IGF‐IIR promoter increased in the presence of ANGII, otherwise methyl‐CpG binding domain protein 2 (MeCP2) is disassociated with this. Taken together, this study demonstrates that histone acetylation plays a critical role in IGF‐IIR up‐regulation during pathological cardiac diseases and might provide a targeting gene in transcriptional therapies for the failing heart. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 259–268, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A poor start in life negatively affects dominance status in adulthood independent of body size in green swordtails Xiphophorus helleri

Whilst there is an abundance of studies revealing how dominance interactions affect access to resources critical for survival and reproductive success, very little is known about how dominance status is influenced by early life experiences. However, there is increasing evidence that early developmental trajectories can shape the physiology and behaviour of the adult. In particular, compensatory growth following a period of poor nutrition can have long-term effects on the phenotype. Since catch-up growth increases daily energy requirements and hence the motivation to acquire sufficient resources, it might either increase or decrease competitive ability and aggression. Here we test whether growth compensation early in life subsequently affects the dominance status of adult male swordtail fishes Xiphophorus helleri, a species with strong sexual dimorphism and male–male competition. Males that experienced a period of restricted food early in life subsequently caught up and achieved the same adult body and ornament size as control males that had been raised on ad libitum food throughout development, but were subordinate to size-matched controls, suggesting a trade-off between sexual attractiveness and competitive ability. This indicates that early life history and/or growth trajectory can be an important determinant of competitive ability independent of current body size.
Escape, enlightenment and endurance

This paper reports findings from a study which analysed the narratives of individuals who described themselves as recovered or recovering from psychosis, a term referring to experiences such as hearing voices other people do not hear, seeing or sensing things other people do not see or sense, holding unusual beliefs (delusions) or beliefs about the malevolent intention of others which seem unwarranted (paranoia). A narrative approach was taken since it allows for a focus on the construction of meaning and it is the breakdown of shared meanings which, at least in part, defines psychotic experience. It was also anticipated that the way the individual narrated their experience would offer important clues as to how they (and others) had facilitated the recovery process. This paper reports on the analysis of genre, tone and core narratives. Three distinct genres emerged from the analysis: narratives of escape, enlightenment and endurance. There was a relationship between genre, tone and core narrative. The study raises questions about how psychosis is experienced, understood and treated by the individual, by mental health professionals and by society.
The molecular basis of HPFH in a British family identified by heteroduplex formation

Summary. Single‐base substitutions in the immediate 5′‐flanking region of the fetal Gγ and Aγ globin genes have been associated with non‐deletional forms of hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin (HPFH). Previously, the sole promoter mutation associated with HPFH in British individuals has been the T to C substitution at position – 198 relative to the Aγ globin gene CAP site.
Evaluating cardiovascular risk assessment for asymptomatic people

#### Summary points Clinician assessment of future risk of cardiovascular events in asymptomatic individuals is often inaccurate without formal risk prediction tools.1 Prediction tools that are easy to use and that integrate Framingham criteria of age, sex, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking status, diabetes, and left ventricular hypertrophy into one global risk score have evolved to aid risk assessment.2 In recent decades, new putative risk factors have been described, including clinical risk factors such as chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome, as well as numerous laboratory markers of disease (box 1). 3 4 5 Each new risk factor attracts studies evaluating whether a certain ancillary test shows an incrementally higher cardiovascular risk after adjusting for traditional risk factors.6 This review asks whether ancillary testing in asymptomatic adults improves the accuracy of predicting cardiovascular risk in individuals, and what effects it might have …
APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTNING OBSERVATIONS TO TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY FORECASTING

The next generation geostationary satellite system starting with GOES-R will include a geostationary lightning mapper (GLM). The GLM will provide nearly continuous times and locations of total lightning with an accuracy of about 10 km over most of the field of view of GOES-east and –west. This coverage will include nearly all of the regions where tropical cyclones occur in the Atlantic and north Eastern Pacific. This lightning data will provide information about the convective structure in tropical cyclones and their environments. Previous studies with ground-based lightning networks have revealed a number of interesting relationships between storm structure and the lightning distribution. Using data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) Molinari et al. (1999) have shown that the lightning density (strikes per unit area and time) tends to have a bi-modal structure as a function of radius from the storm center, with maxima near the eyewall region and in the rainband region (150300 km radius) and a minimum in between. Their study and more recent analysis with the Long-range Lighting Detection Network (LLDN) (Squires and Businger 2008) indicate that the lightning near the storm center tends to be much more transient than that in the rainband region. Corbosiero and Molinari (2002) showed a strong relationship between the environmental shear and the azimuthal distribution of lightning, with a maximum in strikes on the down shear side of the storm. Using the very simple argument that lightning is favored when the cloud updrafts are stronger (e.g., Black and Hallet 1999) it might be expected that increased lightning activity near the storm center would be correlated with short term intensification. However, previous studies with the NLDN and LLDN data have shown that this relationship is not straightforward, with peaks in lightning density occurring during the intensification, steady state and weakening stages of tropical cyclones. It is possible that the effect of vertical wind shear complicates the relationship with intensity changes. Also, Black and Hallet (1999) showed that the vertical electric fields in tropical cyclones are much weaker than those in continental convection suggesting that lightning outbreaks in the tropical cyclone inner core might be somewhat rare.
A Survey on Performance and Energy Management in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the latest distributed computing paradigm and it offers tremendous opportunities to solve large-scale scientific problems. Energy awareness and real time service management are big challenges in cloud datacenter. Reducing Energy consumption has been an essential technique for Cloud resources and data centers not only to decrease operating costs, but also to improve the system reliability. Many techniques such as Scheduling, live migration, and resource allocation have been proposed to reduce energy consumption. Concepts like DVFS, Dynamic MIPS adjustment and live migration contributed to reduction in energy consumption. Several schemes reduce power consumption by real-time services, and suggest power-aware profitable provisioning of real-time services.
Reduced brain injury in CD18‐deficient mice after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage

Many studies have indicated leukocytes are a major contributor to brain injuries caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Leukocyte‐expressed CD18 is important for neutrophil–endothelial interactions in the vasculature, and CD18 deficiency protects against ischemia‐reperfusion injury. We investigated whether CD18 deficiency provides protection against ICH‐induced brain injury. Male wild‐type (WT) CD18+/+ mice and CD18−/−‐knockout mice were used in this study. ICH was induced by a collagenase injection. Mortality, neurological function, brain edema, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as well as tissue expression of nitrotyrosine and MPO were evaluated 24 hr after ICH. We discovered significantly reduced brain edema and diminished mortality with a concomitant decrease in MPO and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in brains of CD18‐knockout mice. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Online Consumer Search Depth: Theories and New Findings

The continuous growth of e-commerce makes it critical for firms to understand consumers' search behavior so that e-commerce Web sites and the underlying information systems can be designed to better cater to consumers' needs. This paper extends the classic search model to analyze online consumer search behavior. The analytical results suggest how consumers' search depth is influenced by a variety of factors such as search cost, individual consumer difference, and product characteristics. Evidence is provided using clickstream data of online searches and purchases of music CDs, computer hardware, and airline tickets during the period from July 2002 to December 2002 collected by an Internet marketing company, ComScore Inc. Compared with the search depth reported in previous works, this study finds that consumers are searching more intensely before purchasing online. This reflects the evolution of Internet users and the growth of online retail business.
An IKONOS Image Fusion Process Using Steepest Decent Method

Various image fusion techniques have been conducted to merge various sensors data. However, when the existing image fusion processes are applied to the IKONOS images, the spectral distortion is appeared. To investigate this distortion problem, this work presents a study indicating that there are two reasons where the distortion of the spectrum is caused. To solve this color distortion problem, we proposed an image fusion process using Steepest Decent method which improves the correlation coefficients between the original 4m MS image and the fused 1m MS image. To evaluate our proposed image fusion process, the correlation coefficient between original MS (R, G and B) image and fused MS image and their average value have been compared for the correctness of spectral quality. Moreover the comparison among the proposed technique and existing processes (IHS image fusion, Brovey Transform, Principal Component Analysis) has been done. Our method has reduced the spectral distortion problem.
Evaluation of the efficacy of a nurse practitioner-led home-based congestive heart failure clinical pathway

ABSTRACT Frequent exacerbations of symptoms and financial penalties for 30-day hospital readmissions of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) have led to new disease management approaches. A nurse practitioner (NP)-led interdisciplinary program for CHF management that included home telemonitoring and early NP assessments and interventions was piloted by a home health agency. A 4-month evaluation of the efficacy of a clinical pathway for CHF patients resulted in the enrollment of 22 CHF patients in the program. Two clients were readmitted within 30 days. The new program was effective in reducing 30-day readmission rates to 9% compared to the national average of 23%.
Characterization of Pigeon-Origin Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated in China

Abstract Fourteen pigeon-origin Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were obtained from sick pigeons in China between 1996 and 2005. The mean death time (MDT) of embryonated eggs and the intracerebral pathogenicity indices (ICPI) were tested to determine the virulence of the field isolates. The result indicated that most isolates were proved to be mesogenic (MDT 60∼90 hr and ICPI > 1.2). The main function regions of F protein gene of the isolates were amplified and sequenced for phylogenetic and residue substitutive analysis. The fusion protein cleavage site sequences of most isolates had multiple basic amino acids R/KRQKRF at positions 112–116 and a phenyl alanine at position 117, characteristic of velogenic isolates. In the phylogenetic tree, the majority of the isolates were clustered into a single genetic lineage, termed genotype VIb, and were typical pigeon paramyxovirus type 1, whereas a small number of recent isolates (three strains) were grouped into genotype VIId, a predominant genotype responsible for most Newcastle disease outbreaks in chickens and geese since the end of last century. One isolate, PK9901, was proved to be a lentogenic strain, of genotype II NDV, to which the vaccine strain La Sota belongs.
Pigment distribution in melanocytic lesion images: a digital parameter to be employed for computer‐aided diagnosis

Background/purpose: Since in early melanoma (MM) and especially in in situ MM differential structures, which are diagnostic for MM may be lacking, pigment distribution asymmetry represents an important diagnostic feature. Our aim was to automatically assess pigment distribution in images referring to MMs, atypical nevi (AN) and clearly benign nevi (BN), and to evaluate the diagnostic capability of numerical parameters describing a non homogeneous distribution of pigmentation.
Sleep medicine and anesthesia: a new horizon for anesthesiologists.

The cover features Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. from Lady Davy. This one-fourth life-size oil portrait was donated to the Wood Library-Museum by its Honorary Curator, George Bause, a distant Davy relative who now edits “Anesthesiology Reflections. ” Painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence in 1821, the original three-fourths life-size oil hangs in The Royal Society in London. ● Riegels and Richards: Humphry Davy: His Life, Works, and Contribution to Anesthesiology, p. 1282
A conformation-induced fluorescence method for microRNA detection

Abstract MicroRNAs play important roles in a large variety of biological systems and processes through their regulation of target mRNA expression, and show promise as clinical biomarkers. However, their small size presents challenges for tagging or direct detection. Innovation in techniques to sense and quantify microRNAs may aid research into novel aspects of microRNA biology and contribute to the development of diagnostics. By introducing an additional stem loop into the fluorescent RNA Spinach and altering its 3′ and 5′ ends, we have generated a new RNA, Pandan, that functions as the basis for a microRNA sensor. Pandan contains two sequence-variable stem loops that encode complementary sequence for a target microRNA of interest. In its sensor form, it requires the binding of a target microRNA in order to reconstitute the RNA scaffold for fluorophore binding and fluorescence. Binding of the target microRNA resulted in large changes in fluorescence intensity. The median fold change in fluorescence observed for the sensors tested was ∼50-fold. Pandan RNA sensors exhibit good signal-to-noise ratios, and can detect their target microRNAs within complex RNA mixtures.