Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clustering of Event Sequences for Failure Root Cause Analysis

Abstract Many types of complex electromechanical equipment exhibit several (often hundreds) fault states. When there are so many fault states, it is often very difficult to know the root cause of failure from a purely engineering consideration. We have developed a technique based on the analysis of the sequence of events preceding the failure state to classify large numbers of failure types into a smaller number of categories. These categories, when investigated closely enough, might reveal the actual causes of such failures. In doing so, we will be able to assign certain root causes to each of these groups of failure types. From the maintenance department's point of view, this approach has a tremendous benefit because when a fault occurs the repairperson/service mechanic will have clear knowledge about what is the most likely cause of failure and hence he/she can act accordingly (instead of just trying things blindly or based on his/her own subjective judgment).
“If You Compete with Us, We Shan't Marry You” the (Mary Paley and) Alfred Marshall Lecture

Alfred Marshall and Mary Paley Marshall are often termed the first academic economist couple. Both studied at the University of Cambridge, where Paley was one of the first women to take the Tripos exam and the first female lecturer in economics, with Marshall’s encouragement. But in later life, Marshall opposed granting Cambridge degrees to women and their participation in academia. This paper recounts Alfred Marshall’s use of gender norms, born out of a separate spheres ideology, to promote and ingrain women’s exclusion in academic economics and beyond. We demonstrate the persistence of this ideology and resultant norms, drawing parallels between gendered inequities in labor market outcomes for Cambridge graduates in the United Kingdom post-Industrial Revolution and those apparent in cross-country data today. We argue that the persistence of norms produced by separate spheres ideologies is likely to reflect, at least in part, the rents associated with preferential access to better paid, high-skilled labor market opportunities. In doing so, we ask who benefits from gender norms, who enforces them, and suggest relevant areas for future research. (JEL: A10, B13, J16, J70)
The Combined Expression of the Nonstructural Protein NS1 and the N-Terminal Half of NS2 (NS21-180) by ChAdOx1 and MVA Confers Protection against Clinical Disease in Sheep upon Bluetongue Virus Challenge

Current BTV vaccines are effective but they do not allow to distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA strategy) and are serotype specific. In this work we have develop a DIVA multiserotype vaccination strategy based on adenoviral (ChAdOx1) and MVA vaccine vectors, the most widely used in current phase I and II clinical trials, and the conserved nonstructural BTV proteins NS1 and NS2. This immunization strategy solves the major drawbacks of the current marketed vaccines. ABSTRACT Bluetongue, caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), is a widespread arthropod-borne disease of ruminants that entails a recurrent threat to the primary sector of developed and developing countries. In this work, we report modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and ChAdOx1-vectored vaccines designed to simultaneously express the immunogenic NS1 protein and/or NS2-Nt, the N-terminal half of protein NS2 (NS21-180). A single dose of MVA or ChAdOx1 expressing NS1-NS2-Nt improved the protection conferred by NS1 alone in IFNAR(-/-) mice. Moreover, mice immunized with ChAdOx1/MVA-NS1, ChAdOx1/MVA-NS2-Nt, or ChAdOx1/MVA-NS1-NS2-Nt developed strong cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses against NS1, NS2-Nt, or both proteins and were fully protected against a lethal infection with BTV serotypes 1, 4, and 8. Furthermore, although a single immunization with ChAdOx1-NS1-NS2-Nt partially protected sheep against BTV-4, the administration of a booster dose of MVA-NS1-NS2-Nt promoted a faster viral clearance, reduction of the period and level of viremia and also protected from the pathology produced by BTV infection. IMPORTANCE Current BTV vaccines are effective but they do not allow to distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA strategy) and are serotype specific. In this work we have develop a DIVA multiserotype vaccination strategy based on adenoviral (ChAdOx1) and MVA vaccine vectors, the most widely used in current phase I and II clinical trials, and the conserved nonstructural BTV proteins NS1 and NS2. This immunization strategy solves the major drawbacks of the current marketed vaccines.
2.5-D Deep Learning Inversion of LWD and Deep-Sensing EM Measurements Across Formations With Dipping Faults

Deep learning (DL) inversion of induction logging measurements is used in well geosteering for real-time imaging of the distribution of subsurface electrical conductivity. We develop a DL inversion workflow to solve 2.5-D inverse problems arising in well geosteering. The inversion workflow employs three DL modules: a “look-around” fault detection module and two inversion modules for reconstructing anisotropic resistivity models in the presence or absence of fault planes, respectively. Our DL approach is capable of detecting and quantifying arbitrary dipping fault planes in real time. We compare inversion performance considering only short logging-while-drilling (LWD) measurements versus using both short LWD and deep-sensing measurements. The latter measurements provide enhanced depth-of-investigation while minimizing uncertainty. We also obtain improved results when using multidimensional inversion, especially nearby fault planes. This study verifies the applicability of real-time 2.5-D DL inversion across arbitrary faulted formations for well geosteering.
Multidisciplinary Teaching - Changing Collaboration during Building Design

Traditionally the design phase was carried out by one single person – the master builder. Industrialization and technical development led to a split of the role of the design master into two: the architect and the engineer. Today, demands on functionality such as energy and cost efficiency led to an increasing need of functioning collaboration in large teams during the design phase; as well as a need of new work methods within the process. This calls for employees who are experienced in collaborating in interdisciplinary teams. To fulfill this demand a multidisciplinary course in “Advanced building design” has been developed at the Technical University of Denmark. The goal of the course is to provide training in teamwork at the final stage of the engineering education. The course has been carried out twice. It was held by a multidisciplinary team of professors in periods 2008/09 and 2009/10. The team of professors and the student teams had similar working conditions. These teams were subject of a questionnaire investigation on collaboration and team work. The study has the following findings. Collaboration can be learned and improves in time. It is shown that the team leader is not necessarily to be found within on specific profession. The team-structure was generally flat and decisions were mostly made in consensus. It is worthwhile to offer a multidisciplinary course and give engineering students experience in collaboration methods.
The Association Between the Number of Consecutive Night Shifts and Insomnia Among Shift Workers: A Multi-Center Study

Objectives: There is a need to determine the optimal limit of consecutive night shift work to reduce insomnia caused by the accumulation of sleep problems among night shift workers. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of insomnia caused by consecutive night shifts and evaluate the night shift duration that worsens insomnia the most, using a large amount of medical examination data. Methods: Night shift profiles and baseline demographics data of three hospitals were collected from January 2015 to December 2017. For subjects who had been examined more than once at the same institution, information corresponding to the most recent date was used. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Pooled ORs were calculated by using the results of the three institutions. Results: Of the 33,669 participants, 31.3% were female. The average age was 41.1 ± 11.1 years and the prevalence of insomnia was 38.7% (n = 13,025). After adjusting for potential confounders and compared to workers who reported not working in consecutive night shifts, odds of insomnia were greatest among workers reporting working three consecutive nights (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.97–3.56) followed by those working two nights (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.45–2.26), five nights (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.56–2.03), and four nights (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.55–1.82). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a significant relationship between consecutive night shift and insomnia with multicenter examination data, using common data model. This study could be a basis for establishing policies and guidelines that improve night shift workers' health.
Frequency domain analysis of analog single-event transients in linear circuits

Using frequency-domain analysis techniques, a study of the relationship between the frequency spectrum of a single-event transient (SET) stimulus and the frequency response of internal circuit blocks of typical operational amplifier architectures has been performed. Results explain several general analog SET (ASET) observations, including the relative importance of the stimulus temporal profile, the circuit bandwidth, and the ion strike location relative to major circuit modules. Benefits gained from frequency compensation are evident, as important filtering of high-frequency signal components occur, reducing detrimental effects on the operation of the circuit.
Dynamic performance of biosand filters

Biosand filters (BSFs) are point‐of‐use water treatment systems that can provide safe and affordable potable water to households in developing countries. However, little information is available on the dynamic performance of BSFs or for selecting local materials to use as filter media. In this study, water quality dynamics, biofilm characteristics, and hydraulic performance were investigated in two full‐scale BSFs. During four months of operation with sewage‐contaminated surface water, average log10 removals of 1.7, 1.2, and 0.6 were observed for Escherichia coli, total coliforms, and total heterotrophs, respectively. Average removal efficiencies for turbidity, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, and total organic carbon were 86, 36, and 27%, respectively. Dynamic analysis showed that significant removal of indicator organisms and total organic carbon occurred during the pause period between charging the BSFs. Biofilm characterization revealed that more particle‐associated biomass exists within the BSF column compared with the schmutzdecke layer.
Assessing the Environmental Sustainability of Electricity Generation in Turkey on a Life Cycle Basis

Turkey’s electricity mix is dominated by fossil fuels, but the country has ambitious future targets for renewable and nuclear energy. At present, environmental impacts of electricity generation in Turkey are unknown so this paper represents a first attempt to fill this knowledge gap. Taking a life cycle approach, the study considers eleven impacts from electricity generation over the period 1990–2014. All 516 power plants currently operational in Turkey are assessed: lignite, hard coal, natural gas, hydro, onshore wind and geothermal. The results show that the annual impacts from electricity have been going up steadily over the period, increasing by 2–9 times, with the global warming potential being higher by a factor of five. This is due to a four-fold increase in electricity demand and a growing share of fossil fuels. The impact trends per unit of electricity generated differ from those for the annual impacts, with only four impacts being higher today than in 1990, including the global warming potential. Most other impacts are lower from 35% to two times. These findings demonstrate the need for diversifying the electricity mix by increasing the share of domestically-abundant renewable resources, such as geothermal, wind, and solar energy.
Analysis of inclined microstrip patch antenna using enhanced FDTD equations

Using the enhanced FDTD equations for diagonal metal edges, a rectangular microstrip patch, inclined to the grid by 45/spl deg/, has been analysed. The enhanced equations give extremely accurate results even with a coarse grid. The accuracy of the first resonance frequency obtained using the enhanced equations was 1.1%, compared to 7.1 and 3.5% using the staircase and split-cell models, respectively.
Best Practices for Procuring Commissioning Services

Owners are increasingly recognizing building commissioning as an effective means of ensuring quality and maximizing energy performance. The demand for commissioning new construction projects has increased substantially over a short period of time with the growing demand for leadership in energy and environmental design certified buildings. However, the pool of experienced commissioning providers hasn’t increased at the same rate. Many owners are procuring commissioning services for the first time and don’t know how to best procure these services. The objective of the research described in this paper was to identify best practices for procuring commissioning services for new construction projects and to compare them with current practices. Issues that were evaluated include the timing of the commissioning provider involvement, the independence of the commissioning provider, certification of the commissioning provider, selection criteria, and the importance of a clear definition of the scope of work. Resear.
Multi-Objective Optimization of a Fin with two-Dimensional Heat Transfer Using NSGA-II and ANN

Two-dimensional heat transfer in a fin was modeled with acceptable accuracy and optimized. Bezier curve was used to estimate the fin geometry. The finite volume method coupled with the artificial neural network was developed to predict the temperature distribution through the fin with -1.5% to +1% and ± 0.5% accuracy for fin efficiency and rate of heat transfer, respectively. Locations of four control points in the Bezier curve were considered as design variables. Then, fast and elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied to find the maximum fin efficiency and the rate of heat transfer as two objective functions. The results of optimal designs were a set of multiple optimum solutions, called ‘Pareto optimal solutions’. The maximum 72 percent for fin efficiency was found with 739W as its rate of heat transfer while the maximum rate of heat transfer was 962.3 W with 57 percent efficiency. In addition, the optimum results of two-dimensional heat transfer were compared with one-dimensional and the average 14.7 percent decreases in fin efficiency and the rate of heat transfer was found that show the deficiency of the one-dimension modeling. In the second case study, the Pareto front was derived for the rate of heat transfer and fin surface area as two objective functions. It was observed that the results of optimum fin configuration in the case of fin efficiency as objective function are the same with the results of fin surface area as objective function.
Pulse Electromagnetic Field for Treating Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a type of chronic disease with high morbidity and high economic burden. Due to the adverse effects of long‐term drug therapy, physical therapy, such as pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), is widely implemented in clinical practice. Therefore, we first conducted the meta‐analysis on the efficacy and safety of PEMF in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. We searched eight databases to acquire potentially eligible studies. Outcome indicators include bone mineral density (BMD), visual analogue scale (VAS), biochemical markers of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), type I collagen carboxy‐terminal peptide (CTX), and adverse events. The results showed that a total of 19 studies (1303 patients) were retrieved from eight databases. Compared with conventional medications, PEMF combined with conventional medications significantly increased BMD of lumbar vertebra, femoral, Ward's triangle, bone‐specific biochemical indicators of ALP, BSAP, and osteocalcin, and relieved pain. However, The incidence of adverse events was not statistically significant between PEMF combined with conventional medications and conventional medications alone. Compared with conventional medications, PEMF significantly increased the BMD of the femur and reduced the degree of pain, but there was no statistical difference in the BMD of the lumbar spine between PEMF and placebo. Except osteocalcin, BSAP, CTX, and ALP showed no significant difference. In view of its efficacy and safety, PEMF intervention can be considered as a potentially effective complementary therapy for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
An Effective Algorithm for Specular Reflection Image Enhancement

Specular highlights often exist in real-world images due to the material property of objects and the capturing environments. High light in real-life scenes can reduce image quality and cause loss of image information, to overcome this, we propose an effective specular reflection image enhancement algorithm. First, the scene depth map of specular reflection image was obtained by the color attenuation prior method; then, two adaptive adjustment factors were developed to optimize the transmission map for specular reflection images and L0 gradient minimization filter was used to eliminate halo artifacts. Finally, the nonuniform illumination compensation strategy based on the YUV color space was used to expand the dynamic range of the image and increase the saturation of the image. Experimental results via subjective and objective evaluations demonstrate that the proposed method can provide better visual quality than other methods and can effectively enhance the information in the specular reflection image.
Revisiting the Accounting Fraud Components: A Bottom-Up Approach Using the Twitter Platform

Despite the relevant economic and reputational impact of fraud, research in this field remains fragmented. This study aims to create a new framework for accounting fraud, defining its main components from the social media user’s perspective. In terms of research technique, an online data collection using social media platform was used retrieving, through the phyton web crawler procedure, 43,655 tweets containing the phrase “accounting fraud” from July 2006 to December 2019. Individual words were identified and treated within the selected tweets, excluding stop words and, finally, using a sparsity index. The proposed methodology, which overcomes traditional survey inherent bias efficiently, contributes to bridging the divide between academia and society. We find that Twitter users shape the Accounting Fraud Hexagon, composed by (i) The Object and the Tool (of misrepresentation), being the Financials, (ii) The (Guilty) Fraudster, (iii) The Defrauded, (iv) Materiality, (v) The Consequences, and (vi) the Watchdog. Our research has several implications. Our research identifies additional “angles” of vision to the traditional fraud triangle-diamond-pentagon theories compared with the existing top-down conceptual frameworks. Also, since it uses a bottom-up instead of a top-down approach, the study allows a more comprehensive definition of accounting fraud, thus contributing to the debate for a common language in this field. We expect to encourage more research using social media as a tool to test the literature built on in vitro theories empirically.
Aided Inertial Navigation System Solutions: Application for Synthetic Aperture Sonar

Future naval systems for MCM will include a family of advanced underwater vehicles: AUV’s, towed vehicles, inspection ROV’s, expendable mine disposal vehicles etc. Navigation system technical requirements range from low cost for disposable vehicles in high quantity production to state-of-the-art autonomous navigation in support of AUV’s and high resolution Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) for mine hunting. Using modern development tools and floating point embedded processors it was possible to create a generic implementation of the conventional Aided Inertial Navigation System (AINS) framework. The proven framework and real-time embedded software/hardware ensures optimum fit of navigation systems technical requirements via complete freedom in choice of navigation sensors, aiding techniques and operational procedures. This paper describes the underlying navigation system framework and in particular the first real-time embedded application within an underwater vehicle: Extremely high performance relative navigation in support of SAS processing for detection of buried mines.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Field Operation of a Movable Strawberry-harvesting Robot using a Travel Platform

This paper describes the development of a movable strawberry-harvesting robot that can be mounted on a travel platform, along with its practical operation in a greenhouse. The harvesting robot can traverse and enter an adjacent path and picking is performed with the travel platform halted on the travel path. Machine vision is used to detect a piece of red fruit and calculate its position in the three-dimensional space, whereupon its maturity level is assessed according to an area ratio determined by classifying the whole fruit into three areas: ripe, intermediate, and unripe area fractions. Sufficiently mature fruit are picked by the end-effector by cutting the peduncle. During operational tests in a greenhouse, our machine vision algorithm to assess maturity level showed a coefficient of determination of 0.84. Setting the maturity level parameter at 70 or 80% resulted in higher shippable fruit rates than the setting of 60%, because small unripe fruit positioned in front of larger ripe fruit were successfully skipped in the former case. Our results showed that a higher shippable fruit rate could be achieved later in the harvest season, reaching 97.3% in the test in June. The successful harvesting rate and work efficiency were 54.9% and 102.5 m h, respectively. Discipline: Agricultural machinery Additional key words: shippable fruit rate, successful harvesting rate, traverse function, work efficiency
Bilateral optoisolator amplifier with multiple feedback loops

A bilateral amplifier using photodiode-type optoisolators is proposed. It has sufficient gain for use in telecommunication equipment, achieved by enhancement of the current transfer ratio through multiple optical feedback loops. It is clear from experimental and theoretical results that the positive gain increases with the feedback multi-factor n, and that a gain of 20 dB can be obtained for n = 6.