Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of Transmission on Random Graphs

Suppose that a new technology emerges in an industry, and the object of study is the adoption of this new technology. We view the comprising firms as nodes of a graph, and proceed by assuming a known random graph structure. To provide structure to analysis of the problem, we choose two different types of random graphs the Erdös-Rényi, and Newman-Strogatz-Watts graphs, and assume that every vertex transmits to each of its neighbors at times that are independent and identically distributed as exponential waiting times. Related problems have been considered by Economists for many years – Blume [1], looked at interactions across lattices as a way of modeling game-theoretic interactions between entire populations where individual players only interact with a finite set of neighbors. The structure of the model implies that expected percentage adoption depends only on the expected size of the giant component of the graph. Thus, in the Erdös-Rényi case, we model the process of transmission as an exploration of its connected component, which behaves like a branching process. Using the probability that this branching process becomes extinct we see that the two parameters of the model are identifiable sequentially. We also use simulation times and extinction probabilities of branching processes to estimate the size of connected components given they are not the giant component as a function of the probability of connected in the Erdös-Rényi case. Finally, we consider the average distance between any two vertices of an ErdösRényi random graph as a way to further understand the transmission process and results. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Divya Kirti was educated in New Delhi, India and Singapore, completing the International Baccalaureate at the United World College of South East Asia, Singapore. He graduated with the Class of 2010 from Cornell University, with majors in Economics and Mathematics.
Limit theorems with rate of convergence under sublinear expectations

Under the sublinear expectation $\mathbb{E}[\cdot]:=\sup_{\theta\in \Theta} E_\theta[\cdot]$ for a given set of linear expectations $\{E_\theta: \theta\in \Theta\}$, we establish a new law of large numbers and a new central limit theorem with rate of convergence. We present some interesting special cases and discuss a related statistical inference problem. We also give an approximation and a representation of the $G$-normal distribution, which was used as the limit in Peng (2007)'s central limit theorem, in a probability space.
Quantitative Dexterous Workspace Comparison of Serial and Parallel Planar Mechanisms

The dexterity analysis of complex degree of freedom (DOF) mechanisms has thus far been problematic. A well accepted method of measuring the dexterity of spherical or translational manipulators has been the Jacobian matrix condition number as in (Gosselin & Angeles, 1989) and (Badescu & Mavroidis, 2004). Unfortunately, the inconsistent units between elements within the Jacobian of a complex-DOF parallel manipulator do not allow such a measure to be generally made as discussed in (Tsai, 1999) and (Angeles, 2003). In the following section, the mathematical meaning of singular values and the condition number of a matrix are reviewed. Their application to studying robotic dexterity follows next. Later in this chapter, these principles are applied to the study and comparison of the dexterous workspace of both serial and parallel manipulators.
linical activity of afatinib ( BIBW 2992 ) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma ith mutations in the kinase domain of HER 2 / neu

Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2/neu kinase domain mutations are found in approximately 1–4% of lung adenocarcinomas with a similar phenotype to tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Afatinib is a potent irreversible ErbB family blocker. We determined the tumor genomic status of the EGFR and HER2 genes in nonor light smokers with lung adenocarcinoma in patients who were entered into an exploratory Phase II study with afatinib. Five patients with a nonon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) uman epidermal growth factor receptor 2
Doubtfulness – A Dialogical Perspective

Abstract The current globalizing world stimulates many doubts. Doubtfulness is a starting point for inner dialogue. Internal dialogical activity often reduces the experience of uncertainty by integration of contrasting ideas. Sometimes, however, the result is quite opposite - doubts grow rather than being reduced. The paper proposes a dialogical model of doubtfulness and presents empirical findings which are consistent with the model. Additionally, the functions of doubtfulness and internal dialogue in philosophy and science are discussed. On one hand, as empirical results show, doubtfulness can be linked to anxiety which blocks human thinking and acting. On the other hand, as exemplified by Galileo, doubt demands a deeper analysis of the situation and is conducive to human development, in personal or even in socio-cultural space.
List of Acronyms

The task known as Camera-Based Document Image Retrieval has become increasingly relevant in the last decade due to the spread of mobile devices, which usually include digital cameras. A solution to this problem, particularly one suitable for use in the limited hardware of those platforms, is of great interest to a number of applications. For that reason, we have explored existent solutions to the problem, and implemented a modiﬁed version of the Locally Likely Arrangement Hashing (LLAH) method, in the form of a C++ library called pARagraph. Bearing in mind its usefulness for mobile devices, we adopted several optimizations in the implementation, focused in reducing execution time and, primarily, memory consumption. The pARagraph library was evaluated in regard to its accuracy, execution time and memory usage; from experimental results on a database comprised of 389 documents, we have obtained over 90% retrieval accuracy on most conﬁgurations, and retrievals required on average less than 100 ms and about 200 MB of memory.
Transformation of biogenic waste materials through anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of the residues - a case study.

Anaerobic digestion of biogenic waste materials has become an important strategy for energy supply and organic matter stabilization. This study focuses on the characterization of input materials, digestates and composted digestates throughout the processes. Changes of the materials due to both anaerobic degradation/composting and annual variation under actual conditions were revealed using the example of the Viennese biogas plant. Besides the comprehensive characterization by infrared spectroscopic and thermo-analytical investigations, biological activity, nutrients and heavy metals were determined. Lab-scale composting experiments with digestates and different bulking agents were performed in order to assess the influence on humification that is considered a quality criterion. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thermo- and pH-dual responsive polymeric micelles with upper critical solution temperature behavior for photoacoustic imaging-guided synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy against subcutaneous and metastatic breast tumors

Chemo-photothermal therapy shows great potential for inhibiting tumor growth. However, achieving maximal chemo-photothermal synergistic efficacy is challenging because of the low efficiency of controllable chemo-drug release in response to external or internal triggers. Thus, a nano-delivery system that could effectively achieve photothermal therapy and dual stimuli-responsive (heat and pH) drug release to inhibit both primary breast tumor growth and metastases is required. Methods: Herein, a thermo- and pH-responsive polymer (mPEG-PAAV) with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) was synthesized to fabricate a DOX- and IR780-loaded micellar system. After systematic studies of the photothermal performance and controllable drug release of mPEG-PAAV micelles/IR780+DOX under NIR irradiation at different pH values, their chemo-photothermal synergetic therapy efficacies were also estimated both in in vitro and in vivo. Results: Because of the photothermal conversion of mPEG-PAAV micelle/IR780+DOX (~200 nm, 3.82 mV), high local temperature could be induced at the tumor site under NIR laser irradiation. This hyperthermia not only produced an enhanced tumor necrosis, but also broke down the micelles under the decreased pH environment, resulting in rapid DOX release and enhanced intracellular drug accumulation after NIR laser irradiation. In addition, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of mPEG-PAAV/IR780+DOX micelle was adopted to monitor the morphology and micro-vascular distribution of the tumor tissue, which could also guide the chemo-photothermal therapy. Most importantly, the systemic administration of mPEG-PAAV micelles/IR780+DOX combined with NIR laser irradiation could simultaneously eliminate the 4T1 breast tumor and thoroughly suppress lung metastasis without any obvious adverse effects. Conclusion: Herein, a pH- and thermo-dual responsive UCST micelle system was developed for delivering IR780 and DOX, which could achieve NIR laser-controlled drug release and PA imaging guidance for chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy of both primary breast tumors and their metastases.
Named Entity Recognition for IDEAL

This project explored how to apply Named Entity Recognition to large Twitter and web page datasets to extract useful entities such as people, organization, location, and date. In addition, this NER utility has been scaled to the MapReduce framework on the Hadoop cluster. A schema and software allow this to be integrated with IDEAL.
From Visuo-Motor Development to Low-level Imitation

We present the first stages of the developmental course of a robot using vision and a 5 degree of freedom robotic arm. During an exploratory behavior, the robot learns visuo-motor control of its mechanical arm. We show how a simple neural network architecture, combining elementary vision, a self-organized algorithm, and dynamical Neural Fields is able to learn and use proper associations between vision and arm movements, even if the problem is ill posed (2-D toward 3-D mapping and also mechanical redundancy between different joints). Highlighting the generic aspect of such an architecture, we show as a robotic result that it is used as a basis for simple gestural imitations of humans. Finally we show how the imitative mechanism carries on the developmental course, allowing the acquisition of more and more complex behavioral capabilities.
AGGREGATING THE SINGLE CROSSING PROPERTY BY JOHN K.-H. QUAH

The single crossing property plays a crucial role in economic theory, yet there are important instances where the property cannot be directly assumed or easily derived. Difficulties often arise because the property cannot be aggregated: the sum or convex combination of two functions with the single crossing property need not have that property. We introduce a new condition characterizing when the single crossing property is stable under aggregation, and also identify sufficient conditions for the preservation of the single crossing property under multidimensional aggregation. We use our results to establish properties of objective functions (convexity, logsupermodularity), the monotonicity of optimal decisions under uncertainty, and the existence of monotone equilibria in Bayesian games.
Patterns of sperm storage in relation to sperm competition in passerine birds

Using a technique for observing sperm storage tubules (SSTs) in whole-mount preparations of oviduct tissue, we estimated the number and length of SSTs across 20 species of passerine birds in seven subfamilies. The average number of SSTs per female varied ninefold across the species examined and was correlated positively with body mass and relative egg size, suggesting that much of the interspecific variation in the number of SSTs may be a consequence of allometry. However, after controlling for body mass, the number of SSTs per female was also negatively correlated with the average length of SSTs and we suggest this pattern could result from selection for greater sperm length when access to sperm storage sites is limited by females. SST length varied eight-fold across the species examined but unlike the number of SSTs, SST length was not correlated with body mass. Instead, SST length was strongly and positively correlated with sperm length, suggesting a history of coevolution between male gametes and sperm storage sites in females that is independent of body size. Neither mating system nor any of four other morphological variables (testis length, oviduct length, clutch size, sperm storage capacity) was consistently correlated with either the number or size of SSTs. Variation between species in the potential for sperm layering within an SST, however, indicates that the pattern of sperm precedence (i.e., the pattern of paternity relative to mating order) may vary from species to species. We propose that a conflict of interest between the sexes with respect to sperm storage could lead to an arms race between sperm length and SST length and may help explain both the diversity in sperm storage patterns among species and the influence of sperm storage on the evolution of mating behavior in birds.
Data Security in Smart Cities: Challenges and Solutions

The purpose of this paper is to provide an extensive overview of security-related problems in the context of smart cities, seen as huge data consumers and producers. Trends as hyper connectivity, messy complexity, loss of boundary and industrialized hacking transform smart cities in complex environments in which the already-existing security analysis are not useful anymore. Specific data-security requirements and solutions are approached in a four-layer framework, with elements considered to be critical to the operation of a smart city: smart things, smart spaces, smart systems and smart citizens. As urban management should pay close attention to security and privacy protection, network protocols, identity management, standardization, trusted architecture etc., the paper will serve them as a start point for better decisions in security design and management.
E-Government Maturity Model for Sustainable E-Government Services from the Perspective of Developing Countries

Electric government (e-government) projects in developing countries are facing many challenges to deliver sustainable e-government services. From the existing literature, we found that most of the studies considered lack of technology, and limitations in budgets and human resources as the main hurdles in effective implementation of e-government services. Along with these limitations, we found that the e-government maturity models adopted by developing countries are failing to provide an appropriate strategic plan to deploy sustainable e-government services. While assessing the existing e-government maturity model, we made several observations on the lack of detail, the technology-centric nature, the emphasis on implementation, and the lack of an adoption strategy. This work contributes toward the proposition of a new e-government maturity model that would address the limitations of exiting e-government maturity models, and would support governments in developing countries to achieve sustainable e-government services. To achieve this goal, we considered five determinants—a detailed process, streamlined services, agile accessibility, use of state-of-the-art technology, and trust and awareness. The proposed model was validated by employing an empirical investigation through case-study and survey methods. We found that both the implementers (government) and adopters (users) of the e-government services benefited from the proposed model, resulting in an increased sustainability of e-government services.
of Mast Cell Activation Molecular Mechanisms of CD200 Inhibition

CD200 and its receptor CD200R are both type I membrane glycoproteins that contain two Ig-like domains. Engagement of CD200R by CD200 inhibits activation of myeloid cells. Unlike the majority of immune inhibitory receptors, CD200R lacks an ITIM in the cytoplasmic domain. The molecular mechanism of CD200R inhibition of myeloid cell activation is unknown. In this study, we examined the CD200R signaling pathways that control degranulation of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. We found that upon ligand binding, CD200R is phosphorylated on tyrosine and subsequently binds to adapter proteins Dok1 and Dok2. Upon phosphorylation, Dok1 binds to SHIP and both Dok1 and Dok2 recruit RasGAP, which mediates the inhibition of the Ras/MAPK pathways. Activation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK are all inhibited by CD200R engagement. The reduced activation of these MAPKs is responsible for the observed inhibition of mast cell degranulation and cytokine production. Similar signaling events were also observed upon CD200R engagement in mouse peritoneal cells. These data deﬁne a novel inhibitory pathway used by CD200R in modulating mast cell function and help to explain how engagement of this receptor in vivo regulates myeloid cell function. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 173: 6786–6793.
Shock-Induced Turbulent Boundary Layer Separation in Over-Expanded Rocket Nozzles: Physics, Models, Random Side Loads, and the Diffusive Character of Stochastic Rocket Ascent

Contrary to popular belief, and notwithstanding two hundred years of scientific study (Gruntman , 2004), the problem of accurately predicting rocket ascent remains largely unsolved. The difficulties trace to a variety of altitude-, speed-, and launch-site-dependent random forces that act during rocket ascent, including: i) aerodynamic forces (Sutton & Biblarz, 2001), ii) forces due to wind and atmospheric turbulence (Flemming et al., 1988; Justus & Johnson, 1999; Justus et al., 1990; Leahy, 2006), iii) forces produced by rocket construction imperfections (Schmucker, 1984), and iv) impacts with air-borne animals and debris (McNaughtan, 1964). Significantly, our physical understanding and ability to model the dynamical effects of each of these random features is fairly well-developed. By contrast, understanding of the physical origins, as well as the dynamical effects of altitude-dependent, in-nozzle random side loads, has only recently begun to emerge (Keanini et al., 2011; Ostlund, 2002; Srivastava et al., 2010). Referring to figures 1 through 3, we find that side loads represent the end result of a chain of in-nozzle fluid dynamic processes. During low altitude flight, under over-expanded flight conditions, a pressure gradient can exist between the high pressure ambient air surrounding the rocket and nozzle, and the low pressures extant within the nozzle. This pressure gradient can force ambient air upstream along the nozzle wall; eventually, inertia of the ambient inflow is overcome by the pressure and inertial forces associated with the outflow, producing a near-wall recirculation region. To the supersonic flow outside the near-wall boundary layer, the recirculation zone functions as a virtual compression corner, producing an oblique shock (Keanini & Brown, 2007; Ostlund, 2002; Summerfield et al., 1954). See figures 1 through 3. Due to the altitude dependence of Pa = Pa(H(t)), where Pa is the ambient pressure and H(t) is the rocket’s time-dependent altitude, the nominal location of the oblique shock, xshock = xshock(H(t)), also varies with altitude. Random side loads arise due to two coupled flow features: i) The oblique shock produces a sharp, adverse pressure rise within the near-wall outflow boundary layer, forcing the boundary layer to separate from the nozzle wall; see figure 1. ii) The shape of the boundary Shock-Induced Turbulent Boundary Layer Separation in Over-Expanded Rocket Nozzles: Physics, Models, Random Side Loads, and the Diffusive Character of Stochastic Rocket Ascent 7
Cloning Method for Taxonomic Interpretation of T-RFLP Patterns

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Context Memory Networks for Multi-Objective Semantic Parsing in Conversational Understanding

The end-to-end multi-domain and multi-task learning of the full semantic frame of user utterances (i.e., domain and intent classes and slots in utterances) have recently emerged as a new paradigm in spoken language understanding. An advantage of the joint optimization of these semantic frames is that the data and feature representations learnt by the model are shared across different tasks (e.g., domain/intent classification and slot filling tasks use the same feature sets). It’s important that the model should learn to pay attention to global and local aspects of the utterances while learning to map the entire utterance to an intent class and tag each word with a slot tag. We introduce the Context Memory Network (CMN), a neural network architecture which specifically focuses on learning better representations as attention vectors from past memory to be reasoned with for the end task of jointly learning the intent class and slot tags. The utterances trigger a dynamic memory network, which learns attention based representation for each word by allowing the model to condition on the list of related phrases in the form of memory networks. These representations are then provided to a new multi-objective long short term memory network (LSTM) to infer the intent class and slot tags. Our empirical investigations on CMN show impressive gains over the end-to-end LSTM baselines on ATIS dataset as well as two other humanto-machine conversational datasets.