Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The structure of teacher knowledge in religious education. A qualitative reconstruction of the knowledge teachers refer to in planning religious education

Abstract Professional knowledge is a prominent topic of research in subject specific didactics that originated from mathematics education. In the discourse on religious education, however, there are no empirical studies to reconstruct such knowledge bottom-up from religion teachers’ practice. This paper addresses that desideratum and investigates the suitability of the concept of professional knowledge for religious education. Theoretically based on Baumert and Kunter’s structural model of teacher knowledge (2006) and empirically conducted through Problem-Centered Interviews (Witzel 2000) with three religion teachers after planning an instructional sequence on Jesus Christ it elaborates a tentative structural model of religion teacher knowledge. According to the empirical results reconstructed by Qualitative Content Analysis (Mayring 2000), the concept of CK has to be amended by an epistemological dimension. PCK in the domain of religious education is more about instructional principles than instructional strategies and includes the teachers’ perspective on the instructed topic. In consequence, the tentative structural model of religions teacher knowledge supports the assumption that such knowledge is domain specific.
Building GC-free Key-value Store on HM-SMR Drives with ZoneFS

Host-managed shingled magnetic recording drives (HM-SMR) are advantageous in capacity to harness the explosive growth of data. For key-value (KV) stores based on log-structured merge trees (LSM-trees), the HM-SMR drive is an ideal solution owning to its capacity, predictable performance, and economical cost. However, building an LSM-tree-based KV store on HM-SMR drives presents severe challenges in maintaining the performance and space utilization efficiency due to the redundant cleaning processes for applications and storage devices (i.e., compaction and garbage collection). To eliminate the overhead of on-disk garbage collection (GC) and improve compaction efficiency, this article presents GearDB, a GC-free KV store tailored for HM-SMR drives. GearDB improves the write performance and space efficiency through three new techniques: a new on-disk data layout, compaction windows, and a novel gear compaction algorithm. We further augment the read performance of GearDB with a new SSTable layout and read ahead mechanism. We implement GearDB with LevelDB, and use zonefs to access a real HM-SMR drive. Our extensive experiments confirm that GearDB achieves both high performance and space efficiency, i.e., on average 1.7× and 1.5× better than LevelDB in random write and read, respectively, with up to 86.9% space efficiency.
Learning Model Generalisation for Bot Detection

Efficient bot detection is a crucial security matter, widely explored in the past years. The current literature reaches very high detection rates with few false positives. However, such systems usually rely on a fastidious and difficult labelling process as well as a time-consuming training step, to be fit for the target network. We want to overcome these boundaries by using only one labelled dataset and using it directly on other networks with different characteristics and attacks. In this paper, we develop an algorithm to efficiently detect botnets, able to transfer the learning performed on a given network by exploiting this knowledge to detect bots on other networks with different characteristics. Two variants of our solution were developed, depending on the similarity between the training and test networks. We validated our solution on real production environments from RoEduNet as well as the CTU-13 dataset.
Toward Large-Scale Hybrid Edge Server Provision: An Online Mean Field Learning Approach

The efficiency of a large-scale edge computing system primarily depends on three aspects: i) edge server provision, ii) task migration, and iii) computing resource configuration. In this paper, we study the dynamic resource configuration for hybrid edge server provision under two decentralized task migration schemes. We formulate the dynamic resource configuration as an online cost minimization problem, aiming to jointly minimize performance degradation and operation expenditure. Due to the stochastic nature, it is an online learning problem with partial feedback. To address it, we derive a deterministic mean field model to approximate the stochastic edge computing system. We show that the mean field model provides the increasingly accurate full feedback as the system scales. We then propose a learning policy based on the mean field model, and show that our proposed policy performs asymptotically as well as the offline optimal configuration. We provide two ways of setting the policy parameters, which achieve a constant competitive ratio (under certain mild conditions) and a sub-linear regret, respectively. Numerical results show that the mean field model significantly improves the convergence speed. Moreover, our proposed policy under the decentralized task migration schemes considerably reduces the operating cost (by 23%) and incurs little communication overhead.
Comparison of microstructure and tensile behavior of hydroxyapatite-coated PEEK meshes and cellulose-based fabrics and mats

Polymeric biomaterials, such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and cellulose, have been explored as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in the past decade. In this study, microstructure and mechanical behavior of uncoated and hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated polymeric meshes, fabrics, and mats were investigated. Commercially available monofilament PEEK meshes, and cellulose fabrics and mats were selected, then coated with a customized low temperature sol–gel method (≤ 150°C). Adhesive HA coating consisting of HA, β-TCP, and CaO with nanorod structure was derived. After HA coating, porosity of substrates (except filter-paper cellulose mats) decreased by up to 43%, indicating effective coating. Both uncoated and HA-coated substrates’ degradation rate in phosphate-buffered saline decreased after day 3. This is a result of ion precipitation or calcium compounds formation, indicating potential stability in biofluids for an extended period of time. Regarding tensile test results, highest tensile strength and elongation at break were obtained for PEEK meshes (approximately 80 MPa and 35%, respectively), as a result of the bulk material properties. HA coating did not significantly affect the tensile properties of the specimens, except for cellulose mats with an initial porosity of 77% (tensile modulus increased by 270% and strength by 210%). The increase in tensile properties could be attributed to increased rigidity, resulting from the adhesion between HA coating and cellulose fibers. Overall, HA-coated cellulose mats and PEEK meshes show promise as customizable, flexible scaffolds for implant applications and bone regeneration for future work.
VHS-22 – A Very Heterogeneous Set of Network Traffic Data for Threat Detection

Researching new methods of detecting network threats, e.g., malware-related, requires large and diverse sets of data. In recent years, a variety of network traffic datasets have been proposed, which have been intensively used by the research community. However, most of them are quite homogeneous, which means that detecting threats using these data became relatively easy, allowing for detection accuracy close to 100%. Therefore, they are not a challenge anymore. As a remedy, in this article we propose a VHS-22 dataset – a Very Heterogeneous Set of network traffic data. We prepared it using a software network probe and a set of existing datasets. We describe the process of dataset creation, as well as its basic statistics. We also present initial experiments on attack detection, which yielded lower results than for other datasets. We claim that the data in the VHS-22 dataset are more demanding, and therefore that our dataset can better stimulate further progress in detecting network threats.
The Weakest Failure Detector for Genuine Atomic Multicast (Extended Version)

Atomic broadcast is a group communication primitive to order messages across a set of distributed processes. Atomic multicast is its natural generalization where each message $m$ is addressed to $dst(m)$, a subset of the processes called its destination group. A solution to atomic multicast is genuine when a process takes steps only if a message is addressed to it. Genuine solutions are the ones used in practice because they have better performance. Let $G$ be all the destination groups and $F$ be the cyclic families in it, that is the subsets of $G$ whose intersection graph is hamiltonian. This paper establishes that the weakest failure detector to solve genuine atomic multicast is $\mu=(\wedge_{g,h \in G}~\Sigma_{g \cap h}) \wedge (\wedge_{g \in G}~\Omega_g) \wedge \gamma$, where (i) $\Sigma_P$ and $\Omega_P$ are the quorum and leader failure detectors restricted to the processes in $P$, and (ii) $\gamma$ is a new failure detector that informs the processes in a cyclic family $f \in F$ when $f$ is faulty. We also study two classical variations of atomic multicast. The first variation requires that message delivery follows the real-time order. In this case, $\mu$ must be strengthened with $1^{g \cap h}$, the indicator failure detector that informs each process in $g \cup h$ when $g \cap h$ is faulty. The second variation requires a message to be delivered when the destination group runs in isolation. We prove that its weakest failure detector is at least $\mu \wedge (\wedge_{g, h \in G}~\Omega_{g \cap h})$. This value is attained when $F=\varnothing$.
3D Structure of the Tail Complex of E. coli Bacteriophage DT57C

1. Molecular Cryo-Electron Microscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan 2. Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 3. Department of Biology, Moscow Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia. 4. N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia * Corresponding author: sokolova@mail.bio. msu.ru
Fasting increases investment in soma upon refeeding at the cost of gamete quality in zebrafish

Fasting increases lifespan in invertebrates, improves biomarkers of health in vertebrates, and is increasingly proposed as a promising route to improve human health. Nevertheless, little is known about how fasted animals use resources upon refeeding, and how such decisions affect putative trade-offs between somatic growth and repair, reproduction, and gamete quality. Such fasting-induced trade-offs are based on strong theoretical foundations and have been recently discovered in invertebrates, but the data on vertebrates is lacking. Here we report that fasted female zebrafish, Danio rerio, increase investment in soma upon refeeding but it comes at a cost of egg quality. Specifically, an increase in fin re-growth was accompanied by a reduction in 24-hours post-fertilization offspring survival. Refed males showed a reduction in sperm velocity and impaired 24-hour post-fertilisation offspring survival. These findings underscore the necessity of considering the impact on eggs and sperm when assessing evolutionary and biomedical implications of lifespan-extending treatments in females and males and call for careful evaluation of the effects of fasting (both during and post) on fertilisation.
SRSF6 balances mitochondrial-driven innate immune outcomes through alternative splicing of BAX

To mount a protective response to infection while preventing hyperinflammation, gene expression in innate immune cells must be tightly regulated. Despite the importance of pre-mRNA splicing in shaping the proteome, its role in balancing immune outcomes remains understudied. Transcriptomic analysis of murine macrophage cell lines identified Serine/Arginine Rich Splicing factor 6 (SRSF6) as a gatekeeper of mitochondrial homeostasis. SRSF6 orchestrates this by directing alternative splicing of the mitochondrial pore-forming protein BAX. Loss of SRSF6 promotes accumulation of BAX-κ, a variant that sensitizes macrophages to undergo cell death and triggers upregulation of interferon stimulated genes through cGAS sensing of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA. Upon pathogen sensing, macrophages regulate SRSF6 expression to control the liberation of immunogenic mtDNA and adjust the threshold for entry into programmed cell death. This work defines BAX alternative splicing by SRSF6 as a critical node not only in mitochondrial homeostasis, but also in the macrophage’s response to pathogens.
Basal type I interferon signaling has only modest effects on neonatal and juvenile hematopoiesis

Type I interferon (IFN-1) regulates gene expression and hematopoiesis both during development and in response to inflammatory stress. We previously showed that during development, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs) induce IFN-1 target genes shortly before birth in mice. This coincides with the onset of a transition to adult hematopoiesis, and it drives expression of genes associated with antigen presentation. However, it is not clear whether perinatal IFN-1 modulates hematopoietic output, as has been observed in contexts of inflammation. We have characterized hematopoiesis at several different stages of blood formation, from HSCs to mature blood cells, and found that loss of the IFN-1 receptor (IFNAR1) leads to depletion of several phenotypic HSC and MPP subpopulations in neonatal and juvenile mice. Committed lymphoid and myeloid progenitor populations simultaneously expand. These changes had surprisingly little effect on production of more differentiated blood cells. Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) resolved the discrepancy between the extensive changes in progenitor numbers and modest changes in hematopoiesis, revealing stability in most MPP populations in Ifnar1-deficient neonates when the populations were identified based on gene expression rather than surface marker phenotype. Thus, basal IFN-1 signaling has only modest effects on hematopoiesis. Discordance between transcriptionally- and phenotypically-defined MPP populations may impact interpretations of how IFN-1 shapes hematopoiesis in other contexts, such as aging or inflammation. KEY POINTS Loss of type I Interferon signaling in neonatal mice depletes immature blood progenitors without compromising postnatal hematopoiesis Progenitor populations remain intact when measured by single cell transcriptomes rather than surface marker phenotypes
Avaliação de risco de úlcera por pressão: propriedades de medida da versão em português da escala de Waterlow

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity properties of Portuguese version of the Waterlow scale. METHODS: Field test of the scale among forty-four patients admitted to medical units in over sized university hospital for a period of 15 days. RESULTS: Patients who developed pressure ulcer had higher scores on the Waterlow scale than those without PU (18.1±3.4 and 12.8±5.4, p<0.001, respectively). Stepwise logistic regression indicated that skin type and appetite were significant predictors for the development of PU. The ROC curve analysis showed that score of 15 suggest the best combination of sensitivity and specificity, 87% and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the Portuguese version of the Waterlow scale was an accurate and effective tool to predict the development of pressure ulcer in patients admitted to medical surgical units.
Supplier integration and firm performance: the moderating effects of internal integration and trust

Abstract This study proposes and empirically tests a model of the moderating effects of internal integration and trust on the impacts of information, process and strategic integration with suppliers on firm performance using structural equation modelling and data collected from 261 manufacturing firms in Vietnam. The results show that all three types of supplier integration positively associate with firm performance. Internal integration enhances the impact of process integration with suppliers on firm performance, but does not moderate the impacts of information and strategic integration with suppliers. Internal trust has insignificant, positive and negative influences on the effects of information, process and strategic integration with suppliers on firm performance. The findings show that internal integration and trust play different roles in moderating the positive effects of information, process and strategic integration with suppliers on firm performance, which elucidates a possible reason for previous mixed findings on the relationship between supplier integration and firm performance.
What Determines Tourist Adoption of Hotel Websites for Online Hotel Bookings?: An Empirical Analysis by Taking E-Trust as a Mediator

The online purchase through web channels regarding travel-related product services have undergone unprecedented growth. The objective of the study is to determine how information quality available on the websites of the hotels influences the intentions of customers of online bookings. Furthermore, the study also seeks to analyze how etrust as a mediator influences the customer online booking intention. A simple random sampling technique is used to collect the data with help of a questionnaire as the data collection tool to survey the customers in Delhi. The total valid sample size was 400. The framework and hypotheses were tested using PLS-SEM empirically. The paper found a significant and positive relation between information quality and online hotel booking intentions of users whereas the relation between source credibility and online hotel booking intentions were found to be insignificant. In addition, etrust partially mediates between information quality and online booking intentions through hotel websites with no mediation between source credibility and online hotel booking intentions.
Analyzing Strategic Entrepreneurship Among Women Entrepreneurs of Jammu and Kashmir: Model Building Through Structural Equation Modelling

In an emerging nation like India, entrepreneurship has the ability to present a solution for many problems related to the economy. The Union Territory (UT) of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) has grave issues of high unemployment and low GDP. A strong form of entrepreneurship can help them overcome these issues. Strategic entrepreneurship has been proposed recently as a form of entrepreneurship which can do wonders for any organisation. So, the present endeavour assesses the strategic entrepreneurship among women owned enterprises in Jammu & Kashmir. The results propose strategic resource management, entrepreneurial mindset, and entrepreneurial culture to contribute towards strategic entrepreneurship among women entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial leadership is not found to have any significant impact there. In this study, a model has been proposed to train women entrepreneurs so that their level of strategic entrepreneurship can be improved. With this they can contribute towards the entrepreneurial growth in J&K, and thus, overall economic development can be ensured.
Femtosecond Laser Heat Affected Zones in Aluminum

The emergence of ultrashort pulsed laser (UPL) ablation has allowed for large area and volume materials analysis typically not accessible through focused ion beam techniques. Material damage and damage mitigation strategies from focused ion beams have been widely studied, therefore it is of interest to perform similar studies for UPL ablation performed in systems such as the Helios Laser PFIB™. Thermal effects from pulsed laser ablation can lead to a heat affected zone (HAZ) in materials. The femtosecond pulse regime is often considered to be HAZ free since the pulse duration is shorter than the characteristic relaxation times, while HAZ in the nanosecond regime can be 10 – 1000 µm [1]. Typically, laser HAZ is studied via single pulses or drilled holes. However, it is necessary to understand the HAZ in materials prepared with realistic conditions used for preparing large area cross-sections with ultrashort pulsed lasers. For example, spot overlap and/or multiple pulses per pixel in a pattern are generally necessary to achieve a high-quality planar cut-faces in short times on the Helios Laser PFIB™. Since many factors such as pulse duration, pulse energy, and incident angle impact HAZ thickness, it is necessary to further study HAZ from laser cut-faces on instruments used for emerging UPL workflows. A previous study found the damage layer in commercial grade 6061-T6 aluminum for 30 kV Ga + FIB and Xe + PFIB to be ~6 nm and 4 nm, respectively. A 1.8 nm damage layer was observed from 2 kV Ga + FIB and no damage layer was measured for 2kV Xe + PFIB. [2] To investigate femtosecond laser HAZ in 6061-T6 aluminum, cross-sections were
ALIBY: ALFA Nanobody-Based Toolkit for Imaging and Biochemistry in Yeast

In yeast research, conventional fluorescent protein tags and small epitope tags are widely used to study the spatiotemporal dynamics and activity of proteins. Although proven to be efficient, these tags lack the versatility for use across different cell biological and biochemical studies of a given protein of interest. ABSTRACT Specialized epitope tags continue to be integral components of various biochemical and cell biological applications such as fluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and protein purification. However, until recently, no single tag could offer this complete set of functionalities on its own. Here, we present a plasmid-based toolkit named ALIBY (ALFA toolkit for imaging and biochemistry in yeast) that provides a universal workflow to adopt the versatile ALFA tag/NbALFA system within the well-established model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The kit comprises tagging plasmids for labeling a protein of interest with the ALFA tag and detection plasmids encoding fluorescent-protein-tagged NbALFA for live-cell imaging purposes. We demonstrate the suitability of ALIBY for visualizing the spatiotemporal localization of yeast proteins (i.e., the cytoskeleton, nucleus, centrosome, mitochondria, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum, exocyst, and divisome) in live cells. Our approach has yielded an excellent signal-to-noise ratio without off-target effects or any effect on cell growth. In summary, our yeast-specific toolkit aims to simplify and further advance the live-cell imaging of differentially abundant yeast proteins while also being suitable for biochemical applications. IMPORTANCE In yeast research, conventional fluorescent protein tags and small epitope tags are widely used to study the spatiotemporal dynamics and activity of proteins. Although proven to be efficient, these tags lack the versatility for use across different cell biological and biochemical studies of a given protein of interest. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a unified platform for visualization and biochemical and functional analyses of proteins of interest in yeast. Here, we have engineered ALIBY, a plasmid-based toolkit that expands the benefits of the recently developed ALFA tag/NbALFA system to studies in the well-established model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We demonstrate that ALIBY provides a simple and versatile strain construction workflow for long-duration live-cell imaging and biochemical applications in yeast.