Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VERSUS: Lessons from Vernacular Heritage to Sustainable Architecture. Booklet.

Cet ouvrage presente tout d'abord les objectifs du projet VerSus. Il s'agit en effet d'ameliorer la reconnaissance des habitats vernaculaires par la prise de conscience de leurs valeurs et qualites, en portant l’attention a la fois sur l’aspect patrimonial et sur ce qu’ils pourraient apporter en termes de construction durable et de durabilite. D'autre part, ce projet a pour objectif la diffusion des principes, techniques et solutions issus du patrimoine vernaculaire en Europe, afin de les adapter pour repondre aux besoins reels des societes europeennes en termes de culture, d’identite, de qualite et d’environnement. Les auteurs presentent ensuite les lecons du patrimoine vernaculaire dans leur contexte europeen au regard des quinze grands principes de durabilite. Le projet a pour ambition de constituer une veritable source d’inspiration pour une architecture contemporaine plus ecoresponsable et d’une grande diversite d’expressions dans la plus large declinaison des contextes physiques, sociaux, culturels et economiques. Enfin, les auteurs ont selectionne des projets recents dans chacun des pays partenaires et les ont analyses au regard des lecons du patrimoine vernaculaire. Ces projets sont presentes comme reference d’architecture durable. L’analyse proposee passe ces projets au filtre des trois piliers de la durabilite et de leurs quinze principes. Il n’y a certes pas de projet ideal qui serait en mesure de repondre a l’ensemble des criteres d’analyse, mais un projet considere durable doit couvrir au moins les trois piliers de durabilite (environnement, socio-culturel et socio-economique). Les projets selectionnes apportent des reponses respectant un maximum de principes de durabilite
COMPUTER LITERACY AND TEACHER JOB EFFECTIVENESS IN KWARA STATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS

The use of computer by teachers remains highly invaluable in over 50% secondary schools. This study investigated computer literacy and teacher job effectiveness in Kwara State secondary schools. The study was a descriptive one of the survey type. Five hundred, that is, 100 principals and 400 teachers were randomly selected as respondents. Two researcher-designed instruments entitled: ‘Computer Literacy Questionnaire’ (CLQ) and ‘Teachers Job Effectiveness Questionnaire’ (TJEQ) were used to collect relevant data. The questionnaire was validated by six experts in the areas of Educational Management and Educational Measurement and Evaluation. Test re-test method was employed to obtain reliability coefficient values 0.72 and 0.84 for CLQ and TJEQ respectively. The research questions raised were answered using descriptive statistics. Pearson product-moment correlation statistic was used to test the hypothesis formulated to guide the conduct of the study at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that there were 2,109 computers in the selected senior secondary schools in Kwara State out of which 1,275 (60.5%) were functioning. Microsoft word was ranked as the most application package used by teachers with frequency of 414. Results showed significant relationship between computer literacy and teacher job effectiveness (calculated r-value =0.675 > critical r-value 0.062, p < 0.05, df = 499). It was recommended, among others, that the government should organize workshops and conferences for teachers on the use of modern computer application packages such as Java and Oracle which will promote effective teaching and learning in secondary schools.
What's “Up”? A Critical Look at the Basic Terms of Canopy Biology 1

The lack of recent critiques about terminology has led to the frequent misuse or confusingly varied use of the words that are more or less specific to the field of terrestrial canopy biology, I provide definitions for ca 170 terms and subterms, with translations into four languages. Rather than limit coverage to tree crowns, I define canopy biology as the study of life within any aboveground parts of all plant communities, temperate and tropical. This broadened perspective enables ecologists to consider the entire range of challenges faced by organisms living in aboveground plant life, from just above the rhizosphere to the outer limits of plant growth into the atmosphere. Further, this redefinition may reduce the potential for anthropocentric biases in interpreting life on trees or other plants; encourage the use of alternative ecosystems for hypotheses that may be difficult to address in treetops; and promote more general conceptual thinking about life on vegetation, most notably the importance of scaling in ecology. Among the salient points in terminology: the concept of “stratification” has been criticized in part because strata have been defined many ways, but a flexible application of the word is central to its utility; the source of nutrients is pivotal in distinguishing epiphytes from parasites, rather than the more general issue of an organism's effects on its host; “hemiepiphyte,” as currently used, confounds two radically different life cycle strategies, suggesting a new term, “nomadic vine,” to describe the strategy typical of many aroids; there is a confusion in the literature caused by varied applications of the word “climb;” locomotor terms may have to be modified as more becomes known about forces underlying limb kinematics; and studies of leaping and falling organisms tend to overemphasize arbitrary distinctions between gliding and parachuting to the detriment of the more critical issue of capacity for “controlled descent. ”
Natural Treatment and On‐Site Processes

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The potential of experimentation in business-to-business living labs

The demand for business-to-business (b-to-b) Living Lab projects is growing significantly within iMinds Living Labs. Real-life experimentation is a key requirement for Living Labs as it enables deeper insights in the potential success of the innovation. However, literature has not provided insights on whether the Living Lab methodology is an appropriate approach for real-life experimentation with b-to-b innovations and does not provide conditions where experimenting in b-to-b Living Lab projects is applicable. Within this paper we performed a cross-case analysis of eight b-to-b Living Lab cases. We conclude that real-life experimentation is possible in Living Lab projects but the possibilities vary on a case level. Three barriers have been identified that help to determine the possibility of real-life experimentation in a b-to-b Living Lab project: the technological complexity, the need for integration and the difficulty to identify testers. Finally, we also described how these blocking factors can be overcome. This can be interesting for the reader to identify whether real-life experimentation will be possible or not in a b-to-b context.
Perception of Mode-Specific Travel Time Reliability and Crowding in Multimodal Trips

The underutilization of public transit in Shanghai, China, calls for studies to better understand travelers’ mode choice behavior in multimodal networks. This paper presents a comprehensive study of mode choice behavior and differences in the perception of travel time reliability (TTR) and crowding for different modes, particularly in multimodal networks. A two-stage stated preference survey was carried out to consider four commonly used modes, including combined-mode travel with park-and-ride, in conjunction with four key factors. The aim of the first stage was to obtain and quantify travelers’ perceived TTR in relation to different levels of delay for different modes. In the second stage, an experimental design that used the utility balance theory was performed for a stated preference survey to investigate mode choice behavior and differences in perception of TTR and crowding. Results from the first stage survey showed that travelers do have different levels of tolerance regarding the longest accepted delay for different modes. Their perceived TTR in terms of a certain delay differed by mode. The results from the second stage survey provided further evidence of significant perceived differences in TTR and crowding for different modes. Mode-specific perceptions of TTR and crowding have a great impact on travelers’ mode choice behavior and should be considered when forecasting models related to mode share in a multimodal network are being developed. The values of travel time, TTR, and crowding derived from this study could be used in demand forecasting and project appraisals in multimodal networks.
Analysis of metamaterial‐inspired soil moisture microwave sensor

In this letter, the authors propose a microwave sensor capable to detect soil moisture content parameter for use in precision agriculture and agricultural smart monitoring applications. The novel sensor is based on complementary split‐ring resonator metamaterial topology, microstrip line and was built under biodegradable dielectric substrate of polylactic acid for sustainable purposes. The sensing mechanism relates the sensor's resonant frequency to the soil moisture content changes over time. For experimental validation purposes, a compact sensor prototype (75 mm × 35 mm × 1.55 mm and 12 g) with fundamental resonant frequency at 958 MHz was built and submitted to calibration process on typically sandy and clay soils to get fitting models capable to estimate soil moisture content. Simulated and experimental results are presented together and show good agreement with each other. The calibration data for both soil types were processed using the least‐squares method and the proposed curve‐fitting models are capable to estimate soil moisture content levels from 5% to 20% for sandy soil and from 12% to 23% for clay soil with satisfactory accuracy, proving the device viability.
Erratum: Chemical stratification in thermally stratified lakes: A chloride mass balance model

This paper, published in L&O 50: 147–157, contains an error. The empirical function for a thermally stratified water body it proposed is a simple, continuous, and derivable relationship between the temperature (T) and depth (b). This equation was adapted from one derived by Van Genuchten (1980)—for the relationship between soil water content and soil water matric potential (Hillel 1980, p. 143)—to that for temperature and depth in a stratified water body by Rimmer et al. (2005), thus:
State of the Art of Gate-Drive Power Supplies for Medium and High Voltage Applications

Gate-drive power supplies in medium voltage and high voltage direct current (MVDC I HVDC) applications require medium to high voltage insulation. In MVDC and HVDC power converters there are a number of different power supply techniques that can be used for powering the gate-drives of floating power switches, which are commonly found in such converters. This paper presents the state of the art of gate-drive power supply techniques. Contactless energy transfer methods and self-powering techniques used for powering the gate-drives of power switches are presented. The power range obtained and isolation range for the different solutions are then presented. Finally, the most promising techniques for MV and HV applications are highlighted.
MuTRiG: a mixed signal Silicon Photomultiplier readout ASIC with high timing resolution and gigabit data link

MuTRiG is a mixed signal Silicon Photomultiplier readout ASIC designed in UMC 180 nm CMOS technology for precise timing and high event rate applications in high energy physics experiments and medical imaging. It is dedicated to the readout of the scintillating fiber detector and the scintillating tile detector of the Mu3e experiment. The MuTRiG chip extends the excellent timing performance of the STiCv3 chip with a fast digital readout for high rate applications. The high timing performance of the fully differential SiPM readout channels and 50 ps time binning TDCs are complemented by an upgraded digital readout logic and a 1.28 Gbps LVDS serial data link. The design of the chip and the characterization results of the analog front-end, TDC and the LVDS data link are presented.
CLARA - A Proposed New FEL Test Facility for the UK

A Free Electron Laser (FEL) test facility, CLARA (Compact Linear Advanced Research Accelerator), is proposed to be constructed at Daresbury Laboratory in the UK. The aim of CLARA is to develop a normal conducting test accelerator able to generate longitudinally and transversely bright electron bunches and to use these bunches in the experimental production of stable, synchronised, ultra short photon pulses of coherent light from a single pass FEL with techniques directly applicable to the future generation of light source facilities. In addition the facility will be an ideal test bed for demonstrating innovative technologies such as high repetition rate normal conducting RF linacs and advanced undulator designs. This paper will describe the design of CLARA, pointing out the flexible features that will be incorporated to allow multiple novel FEL schemes to be proven.
ELECTROMAGNETIC TRACKER CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMAL TOOL DESIGN (WITH APPLICATIONS TO ENT SURGERY)

Electromagnetic tracking systems prove to have great potential for serving as the tracking component of image guided surgery (IGS) systems. However, despite their major advantage over other trackers in that they do not require line-of-sight to the sensors, their use has been limited primarily due to their inherent measurement distortion problem. Presented here are methods of mapping the measurement field distortion and results describing the distortion present in various environments. Further, a framework for calibration and characterization of the tracking system’s systematic error is presented. The error maps are used to generate polynomial models of the distortion that can be used to dynamically compensate for measurement errors. The other core theme of this work is related to optimal design of electromagnetically tracked tools; presented here are mathematical tools for analytically predicting error propagation and optimally configuring sensors on a tool. A software simulator, using a model of the magnetic field distortion, is used to further design and test these tools in a simulation of actual measurement environments before ever even being built. These tools are used to design and test a set of electromagnetically tracked instruments, specifically for ENT surgical applications.
Locating Mobile Station Using Received Signal Parameters

The importance of tracking a Mobile Station (MS) came into account after the act by Federal Communication Commission (FCC) on 1999. Emergency mobile phone services and Location Based Services (LBS) are the results where the MS has to be identified within a standard range. There are several approaches for tracking MS. The main aim of this paper is to find the position of a MS in a particular cell, by the distance calculation between Base Station (BS) and MS, also the mitigation of this with the angle of arrival (AOA).
Building integral projection models with nonindependent vital rates

Abstract Population dynamics are functions of several demographic processes including survival, reproduction, somatic growth, and maturation. The rates or probabilities for these processes can vary by time, by location, and by individual. These processes can co‐vary and interact to varying degrees, e.g., an animal can only reproduce when it is in a particular maturation state. Population dynamics models that treat the processes as independent may yield somewhat biased or imprecise parameter estimates, as well as predictions of population abundances or densities. However, commonly used integral projection models (IPMs) typically assume independence across these demographic processes. We examine several approaches for modelling between process dependence in IPMs and include cases where the processes co‐vary as a function of time (temporal variation), co‐vary within each individual (individual heterogeneity), and combinations of these (temporal variation and individual heterogeneity). We compare our methods to conventional IPMs, which treat vital rates independent, using simulations and a case study of Soay sheep (Ovis aries). In particular, our results indicate that correlation between vital rates can moderately affect variability of some population‐level statistics. Therefore, including such dependent structures is generally advisable when fitting IPMs to ascertain whether or not such between vital rate dependencies exist, which in turn can have subsequent impact on population management or life‐history evolution.
Entropy-based discrimination between translated Chinese and original Chinese using data mining techniques

The present research reports on the use of data mining techniques for differentiating between translated and non-translated original Chinese based on monolingual comparable corpora. We operationalized seven entropy-based metrics including character, wordform unigram, wordform bigram and wordform trigram, POS (Part-of-speech) unigram, POS bigram and POS trigram entropy from two balanced Chinese comparable corpora (translated vs non-translated) for data mining and analysis. We then applied four data mining techniques including Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), Random Forest (RF) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) to distinguish translated Chinese from original Chinese based on these seven features. Our results show that SVMs is the most robust and effective classifier, yielding an AUC of 90.5% and an accuracy rate of 84.3%. Our results have affirmed the hypothesis that translational language is categorically different from original language. Our research demonstrates that combining information-theoretic indicator of Shannon’s entropy together with machine learning techniques can provide a novel approach for studying translation as a unique communicative activity. This study has yielded new insights for corpus-based studies on the translationese phenomenon in the field of translation studies.
Logistic regression analysis of ultrasound findings in predicting the malignant and benign phyllodes tumor of breast

Objective To evaluate ultrasound characteristics in the prediction of malignant and benign phyllodes tumor of the breast (PTB) by using Logistic regression analysis. Methods 79 lesions diagnosed as PTB by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. The ultrasound features of PTB were recorded and compared between benign and malignant tumors by using single factor and multiple stepwise Logistic regression analysis. Moreover, the Logistic regression model for malignancy prediction was also established. Results There were 79 patients with PTB, including 39 benign PTBs and 40 malignant PTBs (33 borderline PTBs and 7 malignant PTBs by pathologic classification). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of lesion size and age were 0.737 and 0.850 respectively. There were significant differences in age, lesion size, shape, internal echo, liquefaction, and blood flow between malignant and benign PTBs by using single-factor analysis (P<0.05). Age, internal echo, and liquefaction were significant features by using Logistic regression analysis. The corresponding regression equation In (p/(1 − p) = -3.676+2.919 internal echo +3.029 liquefaction +4.346 age). Conclusion Internal echo, age, and liquefaction are independent ultrasound characteristics in predicting the malignancy of PTBs.
Quantifying wedge-tailed shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) fallout after changes in highway lighting on Southeast Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi

Attraction to artificial light at night (ALAN) poses a threat to many fledgling seabirds leaving their nests for the first time. In Hawaiʻi, fledgling wedge-tailed shearwaters disoriented by lights may become grounded due to exhaustion or collision, exposing them to additional threats from road traffic and predation. While the timing and magnitude of shearwater fallout varies from year to year, little is known about how changing lighting and environmental conditions influence the risk of grounding for this species. We analyzed 8 years (2012–2019) of observations of road-killed shearwaters along the Kalanianaʻole Highway on Oʻahu to quantify the timing and magnitude of fallout during the fledging season (November–December). Our goal was to compare fallout before (2012–15) and after (2016–19) a transition in highway lighting from unshielded high-pressure sodium (HPS) to full-cutoff light-emitting diode (LED) streetlights. To detect the shearwater response to the lighting regime, we also accounted for three potential environmental drivers of interannual variability in fallout: moon illumination, wind speed, and wind direction. The effects of these environmental drivers varied across years, with moon illumination, wind speed and wind direction significantly affecting fallout in at least one year. Altogether, the interaction between moon illumination and wind speed was the most important predictor, suggesting that fallout increases during nights with low moon and strong winds. The lack of an increase in fallout after the change from HPS to shielded 3000K - 4000K LED streetlights suggests the new streetlights did not worsen the light pollution impacts on wedge-tailed shearwaters on Southeast Oʻahu. However, due to potential species-specific disparities in the behavior and light attraction of petrels, similar studies are needed before energy saving LED lights are implemented throughout the Hawaiian archipelago.