Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perpetuating Inequality: Junior Women Do Not See Queen Bee Behavior as Negative but Are Nonetheless Negatively Affected by It

Previous research has revealed that women may attempt to avoid negative gender stereotypes in organizations through self-group distancing, or “queen bee”, behaviors: emphasizing masculine qualities, distancing themselves from other women, and legitimizing organizational inequality. Factors that increase self-group distancing have been identified (e.g., existing discrimination and low group identification), but it is unknown how self-group distancing by an ingroup leader is perceived by and affects subordinates of the negatively stereotyped group. In the current study, female participants received ambiguous negative feedback from a male versus female leader displaying queen bee-type versus neutral behavior. As expected, a male leader displaying queen bee-type behavior was seen as having less positive intent than a male leader displaying neutral behavior, which in turn increased how sexist he was perceived to be. A female leader displaying queen bee (vs. neutral) behavior was not seen as having less positive intent, which thus did not indirectly influence perceived sexism. Behavior of both male and female leaders did affect junior women: participants exposed to a leader displaying queen bee-type behavior reported more anger, sadness, and anxiety than participants exposed to a leader displaying neutral behavior. These data provide further evidence that simply adding more women or minorities in key senior positions is insufficient to change inequality if bias in the organization is not tackled. Specifically, exposure to gender inequality can steer female leaders to endorse–rather than change–stereotypes about women, and this behavior is particularly consequential because it (a) might not be recognized as bias and (b) exerts negative effects.
Trickle Irrigation: Congestion Relief for Communication With Network Coding

Network coding schemes have recently been used for error control when communicating over lossy channels. However, there does not exist congestion control mechanisms in the literature that are specifically tailored for these coding techniques. This paper, for the first time, proposes Trickle, a lightweight and practical congestion control framework that is customized to meet the needs of coding. Trickle is designed based on the principle of back pressure, and maintains a novel triple-node indexed queueing structure at each node. As compared to existing back pressure protocols with perdestination or perlink queues, Trickle uses significantly fewer queues, and is thus more scalable to larger networks. Our experimental results have shown that Trickle achieves much higher throughput than IEEE 802.11b for fountain codes, network coding, as well as noncoded TCP in multihop wireless networks.
“Then you raise them with Shirchoy or cookies”: Understanding influences on delayed dietary diversity among children in Tajikistan

Abstract Dietary diversity is a key component of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) as well as adult health. In Tajikistan, a predominantly rural, former Soviet country in Central Asia, we conducted formative research to identify barriers to dietary diversity and strategies for nutrition behaviour change. In Spring, 2016, mixed‐methods data collection took place across 13 villages in all five regions, collecting collaborative mapping; structured assessments of stores and markets; home visits for dietary recalls; food storage, preparation, and meal observations; focus groups with pregnant women, mothers of young children, fathers, and mothers‐in‐law; and in‐depth expert interviews with local nutrition and health influentials. Overall, maternal diet was adequate in terms of diversity (only 13% reported <5/10 food groups in the past 24 hr); however, only 42% of index children 6–24 months met WHO guidelines for diversity, and only 34% met minimum acceptable diet criteria. In addition to issues of poverty and food scarcity, qualitative data reveal many behavioural barriers to timely introduction of diverse complementary foods. Women's strategies focused on gradual introduction of household diet components, without regard for diversity or nutrition. Foods such as meat were seen as costly and thus inappropriate for IYCF, and food taboos (i.e., fresh vegetables) further reduced diversity. Infant food preparation methods such as grinding were seen as impractical, and many foods were withheld until children develop teeth. Possible nutrition education strategies include point‐of‐purchase campaigns to improve availability and appeal of IYCF‐friendly foods, as well as influencing other key household members through mosques, schools, and health care providers.
People Counting System with C-Deep Feature in Dense Crowd Views

People counting in a crowded scene is an urgent and vital task of monitoring the surveillance systems. Accrual guesses of a dense crowd views are effected from a different illuminations and inter-class variations, so comes to be a complicated issue and still remains as an active research area. To tackle this fact, this paper establishes an effective people counting framework in dense crowd views that automatically appraisals the accurate number of people. In this paper, a new intuition Color Deep system which utilizes based on the color-based feature and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based feature is proposed for detecting and estimating the people numbers. Unlike the other, this paper proposes C-Deep feature by contributing the color transformation matrix and segmentation. Firstly, the color transformation matrix is introduced and then C-Deep features is calculated by using the Deep CNN with color feature matrix to handle the occlusion, inter-class variations and density levels. Calculation experiments on the challenging public crowd counting dataset achieve the lowest miss rate than state-of-the-art results. This shows the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Time Synchronization in modular collaborative robots

A new generation of robot systems which are modular, flexible and safe for human-robot interaction are needed. Existing cobots seem to meet only the later and require a modular approach to improve their reconfigurability and interoperability. We propose a new sub-class of cobots named M-cobots which tackle these problems. In particular, we discuss the relevance of synchronization for these systems, analyze it and demonstrate how with a properly configured M-cobot, we are able to obtain a) distributed sub-microsecond clock synchronization accuracy among modules, b) timestamping accuracy of ROS 2.0 messages under 100 microseconds and c) millisecond-level end-to-end communication latencies, even when disturbed with networking overloads of up to 90% of the network capacity.
Building Surveying Graduates Performance from the Perspective of Building Surveyors in Malaysia

The current economic situation and rapid changes in the construction industry are creating higher demands on the professional standards of building surveyors. There is an increasing concern with suggested for higher education's graduates to equip themselves with highly-skilled competent. Thus, this study aims to assess the perceptions of Malaysian building surveyor towards the building surveying graduates' performance. This research used a qualitative approach which involved an interview session with five expert panels from the building surveying fields. A semi-structured questionnaire consists of five relevant questions with three main themes was designed to gain the respondent's perception of the current performance of Malaysian building surveying graduates. Together, these results provide important insights into the current performance of building surveying graduates. The result of these interviews indicates there is a high demand for quality building surveying graduates, specifically in communication skills, problem-solving, language proficiency, thinking skills and practical skills. Also, experts claim that graduates nowadays lack the knowledge of building elements, building material, and building components. The evidence from this study suggests that building surveying graduate needs to improve their competence to the next level to accomplish the industry demands. Moreover, this study complements a basic guideline for the building surveying graduates to realize their competency deficiencies intended for continual improvement to become a professional building surveyor practitioner. This research has highlighted many questions in need of further investigation in this study field. Further research is suggested to identify the soft skills and technical skills required for building surveying graduates in bridging the industry demands.
Influence of low-glycemic index diet for gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Background: Low-glycemic index (GI) diet might be beneficial for gestational diabetes. However, the results remained controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of low-GI diet on gestational diabetes. Methods: PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of low-GI diet on gestational diabetes were included. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. This meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model. Results: Six RCTs involving 532 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with a control intervention in gestational diabetes, low-GI diet was found to significantly reduce 2 h postprandial glucose (Std. MD = –0.46; 95% CI = –0.82 to –0.10; p = .01), but demonstrated no substantial influence on fasting plasma glucose (Std. MD = –0.24; 95% CI = –0.72 to 0.24; p = .33), HbA1c (Std. MD = 0.01; 95% CI = –0.29 to 0.31; p = .94), birth weight (Std. MD = –0.17; 95% CI = –0.41 to 0.06; p = .15), macrosomia (Std. MD = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.16 to 1.30; p = .14) and insulin requirement (Std. MD = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.22; p = .55). Conclusions: Compared with control intervention in gestational diabetes, low-GI diet was found to significantly decrease 2 h postprandial glucose, but showed no notable impact on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, birth weight, macrosomia, and insulin requirement.
Modeling Online Discourse with Coupled Distributed Topics

In this paper, we propose a deep, globally normalized topic model that incorporates structural relationships connecting documents in socially generated corpora, such as online forums. Our model (1) captures discursive interactions along observed reply links in addition to traditional topic information, and (2) incorporates latent distributed representations arranged in a deep architecture, which enables a GPU-based mean-field inference procedure that scales efficiently to large data. We apply our model to a new social media dataset consisting of 13M comments mined from the popular internet forum Reddit, a domain that poses significant challenges to models that do not account for relationships connecting user comments. We evaluate against existing methods across multiple metrics including perplexity and metadata prediction, and qualitatively analyze the learned interaction patterns.
Improved Energy Balancing of Grid-Side Modular Multilevel Converters by Optimized Feedforward Circulating Currents and Common-Mode Voltage

In contrast to the conventional feedback approach, the energy balancing task of a grid-side modular multilevel converter (MMC) with half-bridge cells and an isolated ac star point is considered as an optimization problem. As a result, nominal trajectories for circulating currents and common-mode voltage are obtained that inherently steer the system back to a balanced operation within finite time. The method relies on an MMC arm energy model, allowing for algebraic parameterization of almost all MMC variables during optimization, which considerably reduces the computational cost. Thus, the optimized solution is the one selected from a family of trajectories that meets the balancing goal. Owing to the trajectory planning of the MMC energies, the search for a solution is inherently limited to the domain of realistic energy variations and no balancing error remains even during transfers between operating regimes, i.e., the task of the balancing controller is reduced to the compensation of parameter uncertainties and disturbances. Here, a grid-side MMC is considered in the optimization in contrast to the previous work, which has been restricted to passive $RL$ loads. Measurement results reveal drawbacks of the previous solution after adoption of a grid-side application. A dedicated candidate transfer for grid-side applications eliminate the drawbacks and regains the improved balancing performance as shown by measurements.
An Automated Fault Tree Generation Approach With Fault Configuration Based on Model Checking

Fault tree generation technology is a key issue for safety analysis of large complex systems. Traditional safety analysis methods usually describe the origin, propagation, or concrete behavior of the fault and do not portray the constraints between faults. However, these constraints are the system’s characteristics, and a lack of expression of these constraints will make the fault model defective, thereby resulting in a fault tree that will reduce the accuracy of the safety analysis. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of safety analysis, this paper proposes a fault tree generation method that is based on fault configuration and introduces the variability management of software product lines to model system faults and perform the formal analysis. First, the fault feature diagram is defined to describe the constraint relationships between system faults, and the fault-labeled transition system is defined based on the Kripke structure to describe the system behavior. Then, based on the model semantics, the procedure for generating fault trees by model checking is established. Finally, using temporal logic to describe the system safety attributes, we adopt the model checking tool SNIP to verify the safety attributes and generate the fault tree automatically. The fault modeling method that is proposed in this paper includes the inherent constraints between faults, which makes the system fault model more realistic and accurate. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Out of the Loop, in Your Bubble: Mind Wandering Is Independent From Automation Reliability, but Influences Task Engagement

This study examined the influence of automation reliability on task-unrelated mind wandering (MW) frequency and the impact of MW on task engagement. Automated environment features make it particularly prone to increase MW frequency. Through mechanisms like complacency or agency, automating a task could increase MW frequency for the operator. For safety-critical industries, the lower perception and degraded stimuli processing associated with MW, summarized by the term “decoupling hypothesis,” are particularly concerning. Sixteen participants supervised an autopilot avoiding obstacles with two levels of reliability. Each condition lasted 45 min. We recorded thoughts as either pertaining to being focused, task-related MW or task-unrelated MW. We also recorded perceived mental demand, trust regarding the autopilot and oculometric measures. Based on questionnaire results, our protocol succeeded in inducing more mental demand and lower trust when the automation was unreliable. Attentional states were not correlated, nor did it influence trust in the system reliability. On the contrary, mental demand ratings and pupil diameter were lower during both task-related and task-unrelated MW, compared to those during the focus attentional state. This shows that perceptual decoupling also affects the engagement of operators in automated environments, which may dramatically lower their ability to supervise automation efficiently. This research informs human-automation designers to consider operator engagement when creating automated systems.
Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy promotes osteochondral regeneration of knee joints in rabbits

Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) has been proven to be effective for nonunion fractures. It was, thus, hypothesized that it may be used as a supplement therapy to promote osteochondral regeneration when combined with a scaffold previously prepared by our research group. In the present study, to verify this hypothesis, New Zealand white adult rabbits were anaesthetized and divided into three groups, as follows: Untreated control group, in which full-thickness cylindrical osteochondral defects were created without repairing; scaffold group, in which rabbits were implanted with the scaffolds; scaffold plus rESWT group, in which rabbits were implanted with scaffolds and then treated with rESWT at 2 weeks post-surgery. At 6 and 12 weeks after surgery, the animals were sacrificed. Nitric oxide (NO) levels in the synovial cavity of the knee joints were measured by the Griess method. In addition, macroscopic observation and the gross score according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) histological scoring system were determined. Histological evaluation was also performed by hematoxylin-eosin and Safranin O/fast green staining. The results demonstrated that both the scaffold and scaffold plus rESWT treatments significantly reduced NO levels in the synovial cavity at 6 weeks after surgery (P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed at 12 weeks after surgery. The ICRS scores of the scaffold and scaffold plus rESWT groups were significantly higher in comparison with those in the control group (P<0.05), and rESWT further increased these scores at 12 weeks after surgery (P<0.05). Histological results revealed that osteochondral regeneration was improved after treatment with scaffold or scaffold plus rESWT, with the latter displaying better results. These data suggested that rESWT improved the osteochondral regeneration when applied in combination with the scaffold, and that one of the underlying mechanisms may involve the reduction of NO in the synovial fluid. Therefore, rESWT may be a useful treatment for knee osteochondral regeneration.
A New Application Based on GPLVM, LMNN, and NCA for Early Detection of the Stomach Cancer

ABSTRACT In this article, speeded-up robust features (SURF) for each image have been calculated. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) method has been applied to these SURF. High dimensions of these SURF–DFT feature vectors are reduced to low dimensions with large-margin nearest neighbor (LMNN), Gaussian process latent variable models (GPLVM), and neighborhood component analysis (NCA). When size reduction process was done, effect on the GPLVM, LMNN, and NCA of the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 feature numbers has been examined. These features are classified by naive Bayes (NB) classifier. Thus, SURF_DFT_GPLVM_NB, SURF_DFT_NCA_NB, and SURF_DFT_LMNN_NB methods for gastric histopathological images have been developed. Classification results obtained with these methods have been compared. According to the obtained results, the highest classification result was obtained as 90.24% by using 4 features by SURF_DFT_GPLVM_NB method for second group images.
Understanding PBTI in Replacement Metal Gate Ge n-Channel FETs With Ultrathin Al2O3 and GeOx ILs Using Ultrafast Charge Trap–Detrap Techniques

We report positive bias temperature instability data in replacement metal gate Ge n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors with an <italic>in-situ</italic> gate stack employing an ultrathin (5 Å), stable Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interlayer (IL) using ultrafast (~microseconds) characterization techniques that ensure recovery artifact-free measurements. Comparison with state-of-the-art GeO<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> IL is also reported besides establishing correlations between band-edge interface trap density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}_{\text {it}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), mobility (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) instability. Ultrafast measure-stress-measure (UF-MSM), ultrafast measure-stress-detrap-measure (UF-MSDM), stress-induced-leakage-current (SILC), direct-current current–voltage (DCIV), split capacitance–voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and low-temperature full conductance techniques along with a compact model demonstrate that: 1) trap generation occurs at IL/high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> interface during stress; 2) an increase in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with reduction in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}_{\text {it}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> does not guarantee better reliability, i.e., <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shift and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are uncorrelated due to their dependence on separate regions of the gate stack; 3) contributions to total <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> degradation from trapping and generated traps are mutually exclusive; 4) UF-MSDM is a powerful tool to estimate trap generation; and 5) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> degradation is directly proportional to high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> thickness, varies inversely with IL thickness, and reduces with annealing.
Discrete-Time Distributed Extremum-Seeking Control Over Networks With Unstable Dynamics

In this paper, we propose a discrete-time version of extremum-seeking control (ESC) which can be implemented by several agents communicating over a network. We consider the problem where several agents measure a local cost and must cooperate to minimize the total cost which is the sum of the local costs. To solve this problem, we combine a dynamic average consensus algorithm with a proportional integral ESC technique in discrete time. The consensus algorithm provides each agent with an estimate of the total cost and this estimate is used by the ESC to minimize the total cost. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the distributed agents can effectively minimize the unmeasured total cost.
Divide and Conquer: Recovering Contextual Information of Behaviors in Android Apps Around Limited-Quantity Audit Logs

We propose and implement DroidHolmes, a novel system that recovers contextual information of app behaviors around limited-quantity audit logs. The key module of DroidHolmes is identifying the path matched with logs on the app's control-flow graph (CFG). The challenge, however, is that the limited-quantity logs may incur high computational complexity in the log matching, where there are a large number of candidates caused by the coupling relation in matching successive logs. To address the challenge, we propose a divide and conquer algorithm to individually position each node on the CFG matched with logs. In our experiments, DroidHolmes recovers contextual information in the behaviors of real-world apps. Meanwhile, DroidHolmes incurs negligible performance overhead on smartphones.