Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Problems of Bonded Child Labor in Brick Kilns Industry at Peshawar, Pakistan

1. Ph. D Sociology, Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan 2. Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan PAPER INFO ABSTRACT Received: June 11, 2020 Accepted: August 25, 2020 Online: September 15, 2020 This study was designed to probe into the exploitative and state of bonded child labor working with their parents and other family members in the brick kiln industries. In these study social conditions, exploitative means used against bonded labor, the extent and hazardous effects of bonded child labor were focused. Quantitative research method was used and SPSS was applied for analysis. Sample size for the research was 300 children working at brick kilns with interview schedule through simple random sampling. Primary data was analyzed through SPSS using Statistical Chi-square for testing the hypothesis. A non-significant association was found between financial problem and bonded child labor while a highly significant association was disclosed between advance money and bonded child labor. A significant association was found between loan burden and bonded child labor. The researcher recommends that government should provide free compulsory primary education and make sure the implementation, increase income generating activities and schemes, and bonded labor abolition Act 1992 should be implemented strictly
Circuitry and function of mu opioid ligands in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract and reticular formation

The neural control of feeding involves many neuromodulators, including the endogenous opioids that bind μ opioid receptors (MORs). Injections of the MOR agonist, Damgo, into limbic and hypothalamic forebrain sites increase intake, particularly of palatable foods. Indeed, forebrain Damgo injections increase sucrose-elicited licking but reduce aversive responding (gaping) to quinine, suggesting that MOR activation may enhance taste palatability. A μ opioid influence on taste reactivity has not been assessed in the brainstem. However, MORs are present in the first-order taste relay, the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST) and in the immediately subjacent reticular formation (RF), a region known to be essential for consummatory responses. Thus, to evaluate the consequences of rNST/dorsal RF Damgo in this region, we implanted rats with intraoral cannulae, EMG electrodes, and brain cannulae aimed at the ventral border of the rNST. Licking and gaping elicited with sucrose, water, and quinine were assessed before and after intramedullary Damgo and saline infusions. Damgo slowed the rate, increased the amplitude, and decreased the size of fluid-
CAM-UNET: Class Activation MAP Guided UNET with Feedback Refinement for Defect Segmentation

This paper tackles the task of defect segmentation by exploiting sufficient normal (defect-free) training images and limited annotated anomalous images. We propose a class activation map guided UNet (CAM-UNet) with feedback refinement mechanism for accurate defect segmentation. We first modify and pretrain the encoder of a VGG-16 backboned UNet to classify normal and anomalous training images. Then, for each of the anomalous training images, a CAM is generated as the prior segmentation information. Based on the CAM, we propose a feedback refinement process to train two decoder networks to progressively improve the segmentation output. Extensive experiments conducted on MVTEC AD dataset show that the proposed method significantly outperforms multiple benchmarking UNet methods in terms of mean IOU.
Surgical Implantation of Acoustic Tags in American Shad to Resolve Riverine and Marine Restoration Challenges

A variety of data needs challenge the successful restoration and management of alosine populations, including information on the migration, mortality, behavior, demographic rates, and distribution of fish, both in riverine and marine environments. Radiotelemetry with gastric‐implanted transmitters has typically been used to answer some of these questions; however, observing alosines over extended periods and in the marine environment has remained beyond the limitations of this technology and implantation technique. To address these issues, we conducted an acoustic telemetry study on American Shad Alosa sapidissima by using surgical implantation methods. We tagged fish during 2015 (n = 46) and 2016 (n = 52) in the Charles River, Massachusetts, an urbanized watershed where American Shad were believed to be extirpated prior to restoration efforts beginning in 2006. Surgical implantation produced rates of in‐river mortality (40% overall) and posttagging fallback (39% overall) that were comparable to those from traditionally used gastric implantation methods. Data from American Shad that were retained for statistical analyses (n = 59) demonstrated that Watertown Dam (at river kilometer 14.3) impeded upstream migration and that New Boston Dam and Locks (at the mouth of the river) delayed postspawn emigration from the river. In total, 49 American Shad were detected outside of the Charles River. The distribution and low number of total detections, despite a large number of nearshore arrays, suggest that American Shad occupy waters farther offshore during their marine phase. American Shad were detected as overwintering on the Scotian Shelf (n = 5) and the Mid‐Atlantic Bight (n = 1). In 2017, 10 of the individuals that were tagged in 2016 returned to spawn, providing the first reported data on total migration timing and migratory behavior free of handling effects. Surgical implantation of acoustic telemetry tags is an effective method that can provide necessary and previously unattainable data on a species of conservation need.
Corporate Financial Performance on Corporate Governance Mechanism and Corporate Value: Evidence from Indonesia

Received February 18, 2020 Revised from March 23, 2020 Accepted May 27, 2020 Available online September 15, 2020 This study offers a contribution to the theories of corporate governance mechanism and corporate financial performance and their effects on the corporate value. It also recommends references for the corporates about corporate value and for the prospective investors about investing in particular corporate with precise, effective, and efficient investment decision. This study performed an assessement of mediating effect of corporate financial performance on correlation between corporate governance mechanism and corporate value. This study used internal mechanism as independent variable under the argument that internal mechanism was easier to be controlled by the corporate. The study applied four internal mechanisms of the corporate governance as independent variables, i.e. managerial ownership, institutional ownership, independent commissioner, and audit committee. Population for the study were financial firms listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange selected through a purposive sampling technique. This study applied a path analysis method to test the hypothesis and sobel test on the mediation of the corporate financial performance. The study found a significant effect of the corporate governance mechanisms (managerial ownership, institutional ownership, independent commissioner, and audit committee) on corporate value. Therefore, it was proven that the corporate financial performance had mediated the effect of the corporate governance mechanism on the corporate value. JEL classification: G30, G32, G40, M40, M41 DOI: 10.14254/1800-5845/2020.16-3.13
Abstracting Packet Header Information for Intrusion Detection in High-Speed Networks

Increase in network traffic coupled with increasing adoption of end-to-end encryption of network packets are two major factors threatening the potency, or even the relevance, of packet-based intrusion detection techniques. Also, end-to-end encryption makes it nearly impossible for network and host-based intrusion detection system to analyze traffic for potential threats and intrusion, hence, the need for an alternative approach. Flow-based intrusion detection system has been proposed as an alternative to a packet-based intrusion detection system as it relies on information embedded in packet header and various statistical analyses of network flow for detecting intrusion. This paper proposes packet header information abstraction model for intrusion detection on the UNSW-NB15 intrusion dataset. Four existing classification algorithms which include: Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Naive Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used to evaluate the degree of representativeness of the proposed model using accuracy, sensitivity and specificity evaluation metrics. An average accuracy of 97.95% was recorded across the four models with the minimum accuracy of 97.76 on SVM and best accuracy of 98.05% on CART while Sensitivity of 1.0 on both CART and NB shows that the model performs well in correctly identifying attacks in the network. The average specificity of 0.98 is also an indication of low false positive. Results obtained show that the proposed abstraction model achieves high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The model can be used as filter on a high-speed network whereby packets flagged as an attack can be subjected to further analysis. Keywords —Data Abstraction, Data Mining,Flow-based, Intrusion detection, Network Security
No Excess of Mathematics Anxiety in Adolescents Born Very Preterm.

OBJECTIVE To assess whether adolescents born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks' gestation) have an excess of mathematics anxiety compared with their classmates born at term. METHODS This cohort study included 127 adolescents born VP (51% male, mean age 13.9 years, SD 0.7) and 95 term-born classmates (56% male, mean age 13.7 years, SD 0.7) who completed the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test Second UK Edition and the Mathematics Anxiety Scale-UK at the age of 11 to 15 years. Self-reported trait anxiety was assessed using a composite of 3 items from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS Adolescents born VP had significantly poorer mathematics attainment than adolescents born at term (difference in means: -0.64 SD; 95% confidence interval -0.95 to -0.34). However, there were no between-group differences in self-reported mathematics anxiety or trait anxiety. There were significant moderate associations between mathematics anxiety and mathematics attainment for adolescents born VP (rho: -0.45) and at term (rho: -0.54), after controlling for trait anxiety. CONCLUSION Adolescents born VP do not have heightened mathematics anxiety compared with their term-born classmates, despite poorer attainment in mathematics. Improving domain-general cognitive skills and scaffolding learning in the classroom may be more promising avenues for intervention than attempting to reduce mathematics anxiety.
Learning English as a second language in the back-of-the-House: proficiency and employment from the perspective of hotel human resource directors

Abstract Researchers in hospitality and human resources collaborated with researchers in teaching English to speakers of other languages to uncover the language needs of back-of-the-house employees at 15 hotels in a large resort area in the southeastern United States as perceived by human resource directors (n = 19). Results indicate few language barriers in securing employment but multiple communication breakdowns related to customer engagement as well as employee retention and promotion. Additionally, few properties offered quality English language programs that meet industry needs. The researchers suggest a model for language training that targets fluency in English as a second language specifically for hospitality and links it to workplace communication practices.
Investigating the criticality of user‐reported issues through their relations with app rating

App quality impacts user experience and satisfaction. As a consequence, both app ratings and user feedback reported in app reviews are directly influenced by the user‐perceived app quality. Through an empirical study involving 210,517 reviews related to 317 Android apps, in this paper, we experiment with the combined usage of app rating and user reviews analysis (i) to investigate the most important factors influencing the perceived app quality, (ii) focusing on the topics discussed in user review that most relate with app rating. Besides, we investigate whether specific code quality metrics could be monitored to prevent the rising of negative user feedback (i.e., types of user review comments), connected with low ratings. Our study demonstrates that user comments reporting bugs are negatively correlated with the rating, while reviews reportingfeature requests do not. Interestingly, depending on the app category, we observed that different kinds of issues have rather different relationships with the rating and the user‐perceived quality of the app. In particular, we observe that for specific app categories (e.g., communication), some code quality factors have significant relationships with the raising of certain types of feedback, which, in turn, are negatively connected with app ratings.
Harvesting reflective knowledge exchange for inbound open innovation in complex collaborative networks: an empirical verification in Europe

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the effects of open innovation (OI) and big data analytics (BDA) on reflective knowledge exchange (RKE) within the context of complex collaborative networks. Specifically, it considers the relationships between sourcing knowledge from an external environment, transferring knowledge to an external environment and adopting solutions that are useful to appropriate returns from innovation. Design/methodology/approach – This study analyzes the connection between the number of patent applications and the amount of OI, as well as the association between the number of patent applications and the use of BDA. Data from firms in the 27 European Union countries were retrieved from the Eurostat database for the period 2014–2019 and were investigated using an ordinary least squares regression analysis. Findings – Because of its twofold lens based on both knowledge management and OI, this study sheds light on OI collaboration modes and highlights the crucial role they could play in innovation. In particular, the results suggest that OI collaboration modes have a strong effect on innovation performance, stimulating the search for RKE. Originality/value – This study furthers a deeper understanding of RKE, which is shown to be an important mechanism that incentivizes firms to increase their efforts in the innovation process. Further, RKE supports firms in taking full advantage of the innovative knowledge they generate within their interorganizational network.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE RNA BINDING PROTEIN RBM3 AS A NOVEL EFFECTOR OF β-CATENIN SIGNALING AND COLON CANCER STEM CELLS

iii Dedication . v Acknowledgements . vi List of Tables and Figures . xi List of Abbreviations . xv Chapter I: Introduction . 1 Intestinal epithelial renewal . 2 Intestinal epithelial architecture, hierarchy and the intestinal stem cell . 2 Cancer stem cells . 9 Regulation of ISCs and CSCs by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway . 25 RBM3 and its physiologic roles . 35 Chapter II: Overexpression of RBM3 increases stem cell characteristics and chemoresistance in colon cancer cells . 45 Introduction . 46 Materials and Methods . 49 Results . 55 Discussion . 104 Chapter III: RBM3 overexpression generates an increase in β-catenin signaling . 109
Understanding social resistance to determine the future of Internet of Things (IoT) services

ABSTRACT The global information and communication technologies (ICT) industry considers the Internet of Things (IoT) to be a promising and innovative area for development. The IoT concept encompasses both traditional products and services as well as new services. However, there is always user resistance whenever new products or innovative services are introduced in the market, and only a few studies have considered the concept of user resistance in understanding users' perspectives toward IoT environments. Thus, this study employed the concept of user resistance behaviour to explain the continual usage intention of IoT services. The results, using structural equation modelling with an integrated research model, confirm the roles of perceived benefits, risk, and three external factors – privacy concerns, trust, and ease of use – in influencing the intention to use IoT services or products. Moreover, the relationships between intention, resistance attitude, perceived benefits, and risk were also investigated. The findings can provide a foundation for using user resistance behaviour to explain the future of IoT-based services.
New Natural and Fused Quartz Reference Materials for Oxygen Isotope Microanalysis

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) occurs as both crystallized quartz and amorphous quartz, and their oxygen isotope is widely used to trace the source of hydrothermal fluids, to reconstruct paleotemperature of oceans and to provide genetic constraints on petrogenetic studies. Precise and accurate oxygen isotope analysis, therefore, is fundamental for the application of oxygen isotope study. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is capable of obtaining oxygen isotope information at micron levels, but precise and accurate SIMS isotopic microanalysis requires high quality reference materials to correct instrumental mass fractionation and to monitor data quality. In this study, we report two reference materials, a natural crystallized quartz (Qinghu-Qtz) from Qinghu quartz monzonite (Guangdong, P.R. China) and a fused amorphous quartz (Glass-Qtz). Multiple SIMS analyses suggest that both Qinghu-Qtz and Glass-Qtz are homogeneous in terms of oxygen isotope composition at ca. 20 μm level, with a two-standard deviation of 0.50 ‰ (N = 1083) and 0.22 ‰ (N = 283), respectively. In comparison, the widely utilized NBS-28 quartz reference material, designed for bulk analysis, is less homogeneous at micro levels. The δOVSMOW values of the two reference materials were obtained by conventional fluorination isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and the recommended δOVSMOW values were 8.49 ± 0.20 ‰ (Qinghu-Qtz, 2 SD, N = 12) and 1.68 ± 0.08 ‰ (Glass-Qtz, 2 SD, N = 10).
Model terapi kognitif sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup pada pasien dengan penyakit kronis: Literature review

Pendahuluan: Pada tahun 2015 sekitar 70% kematian di dunia disebabkan oleh penyakit kronis.Penyakit kronis akan berdampak beragam baik secara biologis, psikologis, sosial, spiritual. Pemberian terapi kognitif mampu menjadi solusi bagi pasien kronis dengan segala kompleksitasnya.Tujuan: Menjelaskan berbagai terapi kognitif untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada pasien dengan penyakit kronis Metode: Data based pencarian meliputi EBSCO, ProQuest, Springer, NCBI dan Scince Direct dengan kata kunci: cognitive therapy, Intervention, Chronic disease dan Quality of Life. Kriteria inklusi: artikel terbitan tahun 2014-2019, full text , bahasa inggris. Desain artikel yang diambil adalah Quasy experimental study dan RCT. Sebanyak 7 artikel yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dilakukan analisis.Hasil:Semua kelompok intervensi menujukan peningkatan kualitas hidup.Simpulan: Intervensi a cceptance and commitment therapy , edukasi peer group , edukasi berbasis health belief model , program intervensi bebasis self-care , a erobic physical rehabilitation , yoga,danhipnoterapi mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan dapat dijadikan alternatif terapi pada pasien dengan penyakit kronis.
Combined morphology and SVM-based fault feature extraction technique for detection and classification of transmission line faults

: A transmission line is the main commodity of power transmission network through which power is transmitted to the utility. These lines are often swayed by accidental breakdowns owing to different random origins. Hence, researchers try to detect and track down these failures at the earliest to avoid financial prejudice. This paper offers a new real-time mathematical morphology based approach for fault feature extraction. The morphological open-close-median filter is exploited to wrest unique fault features which are then fed as an input to support vector machine to detect and classify the short circuit faults. The acquired graphical and numerical results of the extracted fault features affirm the potency of the offered scheme. The proposed scheme has been verified for different fault cases simulated on high-voltage transmission line modelled using ATP/EMTP with varying system constraints. The performance of the stated technique is also validated for fault detection and classification in real-field transmission lines. The results state that the proposed method is capable of detecting and classifying the faults with adequate precision and reduced computational complexity, in less than quarter of a cycle.
Availability of TGF-1 in the Myofibroblast Matrix: A Matter of Strain and Fibronectin

Fibrosis is a detrimental disease that causes organ failure with no effective therapy available to date. Activated fibroblasts –myofibroblasts– are responsible for the excessive secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) and contraction into the stiff collagenous scar tissue that characterizes fibrosis. Transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1) is the main cytokine that activates myofibroblasts from a variety of different precursor cells and is central regulator of all fibrotic processes. Because TGF-β1 also positively controls vascular, inflammatory, and epithelial cell homeostasis, global TGFβ1 inhibition strategies failed to treat fibrosis due to severe side-effects on other cell types. My thesis aims to identify myofibroblastic-specific mechanisms of TGF-β1 activation as potential therapeutic targets to treat fibrosis. I am revealing how the mechanical and compositional properties of the ECM contribute to the extracellular storage and activation of latent TGF-β1 by myofibroblast contraction.
Audio-Based Emotion Recognition Enhancement Through Progressive Gans

Training large-scale architectures such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in order to investigate audio-visual relations in emotion-enriched interactions is a challenging task. This procedure is hindered by the high complexity as well as the mode collapse phenomenon. Sufficiently training these architectures requires a massive amount of data. Furthermore, creating extensive audio-visual datasets for specific tasks, like emotion recognition, is a complicated task handicapped by the annotation cost and labelling ambiguities. On the other hand, it is much more forthright to get access to unlabeled audio-visual datasets mainly due to the easy access to online multimedia content. In this work, a progressive process for training GANs was conducted. The first step leverages enormous audio-visual unlabeled datasets to expose concealed cross-modal relationships. Meanwhile in the second step, a calibration of the weights by employing a limited amount of emotion annotated data was performed. Through experimentation, it was shown that our progressive GANs schema leads to a more efficient optimization of the whole network, and the generated samples from the target domain, when fused with the authentic ones, provides enhanced emotion recognition results.