Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Incomplete Exchange Rate Pass-Through: Evidence from Exchange Rate Reform in China

Statement of Retraction The following article has been withdrawn from publication in the Taylor & Francis journal Emerging Markets Finance and Trade: Dr Yunong Li & Dr Teng Zhang, “Incomplete Exchange Rate Pass-Through: Evidence from Exchange Rate Reform in China”. DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2016. 1243940. Version of Record published online: 05 January 2018. The Editors and Publishers are withdrawing the above article from publication in Emerging Markets Finance and Trade as this paper was previously published in Volume 53, Issue 3 of the same journal. Date of original publication: 27 December 2016; 10.1080/1540496X.2016. 1254066.
Localisation of morphological traits on the genetic map of potato using RFLP and isozyme markers = [Localisatie van morfologische eigenschappen op de genetische kaart van de aardappel door middel van RFLP en isozym merkers]

The thesis describes the construction of a genetic linkage map of the potato genome, comprising molecular, isozyme and morphological markers. The linkage map is based on the offspring from non-inbred parents. The computer program J OIN M AP allowed to combine the maternal and paternal linkage groups, which are a consequence of using non-inbred parents. The map was applied for the analysis and localisation of morphological and agronomically important traits, with special emphasis on the inheritance of anthocyanin pigmentation. The presence of multiple alleles was demonstrated at the Ro locus which harbours a QTL involved in tuber shape. The accurate analysis of quantitative genetic variation caused by the segregation of a QTL with multiple alleles requires molecular markers which can distinguish all possible four allele combinations.
Mechanical Wear and Surface Roughness of Glass and Hybrid Ceramics

Aim: The purpose of this invitro study was to evaluate wear resistance and surface roughness of two hybrid ceramics in comparison to lithium disilicate glass ceramic before and after mechanical abrasion. Materials and Methods: Thirty samples were divided according to material of construction into three groups, group (1): Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max, n=10), group (2): Resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate, n=10), group (3): Polymer infiltrated ceramic (Vita Enamic, n=10). All samples were fabricated out of CAD CAM ceramic blocks, weighed and evaluated for surface roughness before and after mechanical wear. Results: Resin nanoceramic (Lava ultimate), showed significantly low weight loss and surface roughness change after mechanical wear than IPS e.max. The polymer infiltrated ceramic (Vita Enamic) showed significantly high surface roughness than Resin nanoceramic (Lava ultimate), while IPS e.max showed the highest weight loss and surface roughness change. Conclusion: Resin nanoceramics revealed highest mechanical wear resistance contributed by terms of weight loss and surface roughness change, while Lithium disilicate glass ceramic showed the least wear resistance.
Field notes on Anolis lineatus in Curaçao

Several recent papers have described ecological differences between sympatric species of Anolis in the Greater Antilles (RUIBAL 1961, COLLETTE 1961, RAND 1962, 1964, 1966). A three day visit to Curacao in September, 1962, provided an opportunity to make field observations on a species of Anolis that occurs with no congeners. These observations suggest that it occupies a microhabitat somewhat broader than most of the Antillean species. This trip was undertaken with the financial support of National Science Foundation Grant No. 16066. Specimens collected were deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.
Northern and Southern expansions of Atlantic brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations during the Pleistocene

The phylogeography of Atlantic brown trout (Salmo trutta) was analysed using mitochondrial DNA control region complete sequences of 774 individuals from 57 locations. Additionally, the available haplotype information from 100 published populations was incorporated in the analysis. Combined information from nested clade analysis, haplotype trees, mismatch distributions, and coalescent simulations was used to characterize population groups in the Atlantic basin. A major clade involved haplotypes assigned to the Atlantic (AT) lineage, but another major clade should be considered as a distinct endemic lineage restricted to the Iberian Peninsula. The phylogeography of the Atlantic populations showed the mixed distribution of several Atlantic clades in glaciated areas of Northern Europe, whereas diverged haplotypes dominated the coastal Iberian rivers. Populations inhabiting the Atlantic rivers of southern France apparently contributed to postglacial colonization of northern basins, but also comprised the source of southern expansions during the Pleistocene. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 97, 904–917.
Allozyme Electrophoresis: A Handbook for Animal Systematics and Population Studies

Project Planning: Genetics. Electrophoresis. Population Structures. Systematics. Statistical Methods. Project Planning and Sampling Strategies. Collecting the Data: Sample Collection, Handling and Preparation. Electrophoresis Methods. Specific Enzyme Methods for Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis. Strategies. Analysing the Data: Population Analysis. Using Electrophoresis Data. Analysis of Electrophoretic Data in Systematics. Other Types of Project: Other Biological Uses for Allozyme Electrophoresis. Appendixes. Bibliography. Index.
Prospects for the Development of the Oil and Gas Industry in the Regional and Global Economy

Problems of energy efficiency, along with increasing environmental safety of production and increasing social responsibility, are becoming a central object of research. Therefore, the main goal of the work is to analyze the prospects for the development of the oil and gas industry. It was established that innovative technologies play an important role in the development of energy. In the structure of public administration, the definition of the place in the close relationship with commodity-money relations, mediating its implementation. But refusal of oil resources will lead to negative consequences. It is established that the maximum production of conventional oil in the world in the amount of 4.5-4.8 billion tons per year will be achieved in 2020-2030. Major areas of conventional oil production in this period will be oil and gas basins of the Persian Gulf, Western and Eastern Siberia, the Caspian sea, the Atlantic shelves of Africa and South America. The achieved level of oil production can be maintained by large-scale involvement in the development of non-traditional sources (bitumen and shale oil). According to the raw material base, the leaders of unconventional oil production should be Venezuela, Canada, Russia and the United States.
Comparison of the Swedish Reference Group of antibiotics and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute sensitivity testing methods

The aim of this project was to compare the use of the Swedish Reference Group of Antibiotics and the Clinical Laboratory standard institute disc diffusions method using a variety of antibiotics on Klebsiella species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After the disc diffusions methods a Vitek system and Etest where preformed on those isolates with a different or abnormal result.Klebsiella spp. and P. aeruginosa was colleted in St James’s hospital over a period of four months. These two isolates were chosen because of their resistance pattern to many commonly used antibiotics and the threat of upcoming resistance to other antibiotics.The SRGA method is know to have lower breakpoints to catch low degree of resistance bacteria, while the CLSI often is blamed for not having species specific MIC breakpoints.The results in this study showed that the SRGA-m often caught more resistant andintermediate isolates then the CLSI-m.
THE IMPACT OF COMPUTER SIMULATIONS ON PERFORMANCE AND RETENTION OF STUDENTS IN QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS AT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ZARIA, KADUNA STATE

The study investigated the impact of Computer Simulations and Traditional Lecture method on students’ performance in Qualitative Analysis concept of Chemistry in Senior Secondary Schools of Zaria Education Zone, Kaduna State-Nigeria. Three Research objective, Questions and Hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A systematic random sampling was used to select 100 students from a population of 2852. Pretest-posttest-quasi Experimental-Control Research design was used in the study. The experimental group was taught using computer simulation and the control group was taught using Lecture method for a period of 6 weeks. Qualitative Analysis Performance Test with reliability coefficient of 0.65 was used as an Instrument for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to answer the research questions and t-test was used to test the research hypotheses at P ≤ 0.05 significant level. The results showed that; students taught with computer simulation performed better than those taught using lecture method; computer simulation is gender friendly. Finally, it was recommended that Chemistry teachers should adopt computer simulation teaching techniques in teaching Chemistry in view of its high facilitative impacts on students’ academic performance.
Evaluation of three rape seed commodities in the rumen of steers. 1. Degradation of dry matter and crude protein and disappearance of amino acids in situ

Ruminal degradation characteristics of rape seed and of untreated and formaldehyde-treated rapeseed meals containing less than 8 /¿mol of total glucosinolates per gram of dry matter were investigated. Feeds were incubated in polyester bags in the rumen of three fistulated steers for 0,2,4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. The rate and extent of degradation of dry matter and crude protein and disappearance of amino acids from polyester bags were determined. The crude protein was more degradable than the dry matter of rape seed and untreated rapeseed meal, whereas the opposite was observed for the formaldehyde-treated rapeseed meal. The treatment of the rapeseed meal with formaldehyde greatly reduced the rate and extent of dry matter and crude protein degradation compared with the untreated meal. Effective degradabilities of dry matter and crude protein declined in the following order: rape seed > untreated rapeseed meal > formaldehyde-treated rapeseed meal. The effective degradabilities of crude protein at assumed ruminal passage rates of 2, 5 and 8%/h ranged from 77 to 62% for the rape seed, 76 to 51% for the untreated meal and 39 to 16% for the formaldehyde-treated meal. With increasing exposure time to the rumen, the amino acid profile of undegraded residues of rape seed and of untreated rapeseed meal changed. As a result, large differences among amino acids were observed for percentages of disappearance from the bags. Treatment of rapeseed meal with formaldehyde was effective in preserving the amino acid composition of the undegraded feed protein.
Anaerobic microbes and communities in the context of soil and the equine digestive tract

DEDICATION To all of the horse owners who are anxiously waiting for the vet to arrive tonight. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank my advisor, Jeffrey L. Blanchard, for his friendship and guidance and for fostering a supportive lab environment in which to do science; Susan Leschine for her sound advise and uncanny ability to appear at odd hours when things are falling apart; members of my committee for their time and helpful suggestions; members of the Blanchard and Leschine Labs for all of their assistance and input, especially Kelly Haas, and members of the DeAngelis Lab for their technical expertise, snacks and general good cheer; Lucy Stewart and the members of the Holden Lab for their help with GC and the taxonomy project; Ruthie, Lorelle, Sue and Maryanne who keep the Microbiology Department running so smoothly; Carlos Gradil and Sam Black for their assistance and encouragement for the horse gut work; Manfred Auer and Danielle Jorgens for giving me a nudge at the very beginning. Special thanks go to friends and family who have cheered me onward through each step of this process, in particular Soil and herbivore gut environments present different challenges to plant degrading bacteria in terms of nutrient availability, fluctuations in moisture, pH and temperature, and temporal constraints, however complex communities of microbes in each serve similar roles in hydrolyzing and fermenting the diverse components of plant biomass. This dissertation describes four projects with the underlying purpose to further understand the structure and functioning of anaerobic plant degrading communities. (1) A three-year microcosm experiment using enrichment and serial transfers to reduce the diversity of a complex soil community over time, tested the hypothesis that changes in community structure would be consistent across replicate samples and enabled the detection and isolation of persistent community members. (2) A second project to track the changes in bacterial community structure and function that occur during starch induced lactate acidosis in horses identified specific microbes that could be implicated in the recovery and/or resistance to these community changes. (3) Genomic data was used to vii compare clostridial species inhabiting the gut (belonging to the Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae) and those that are free-living (belonging to the Clostridiaceae) to identify metabolic strategies that could enable specialization to a host associated or free-living lifestyle. (4) The genomic sequence analysis of Clostridium indolis, a member of the C. saccharolyticum species group, provided insights into the …
CLIMATIC RESPONSE FROM TREE-RING WIDTH OF POPULUS EUPHRATICA, ALTAI, CHINA

Trees can give clear visions of what parameters influence in this or that period of its growth. Due to lack of the influencing of climatic variables on tree growth in this area, therefore we are faced with the task of what climatic factors affect growth in different periods of development, how different soil moisture layers are related to other parameters and its relationship with the tree. Tree-ring width chronology of Populus euphratica was inves-tigated based on dendrochronological standards on the Irtysh river floodplain, Altai Prefecture at an altitude of 500 m a.s. l. and climatic factors influencing the tree-ring width were examined using a Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Six parameters of monthly climatic data [mean temperature, total of precipitation, relative humidity, base flow, snow water equivalent and soil moisture <<for 3 vertical layers (0.1-2.5m)>>] were used for the analysis. Ring width related to precipitation and snow water equivalent from the end late growing season prior November until early growing is March, where the April temperature affects negatively, thereby increasing evaporation and including the effect of relative humidity. Soil moisture effected to tree-ring width from prior November to this June, while base flow influence current April-September. Such spectral high frequency cycles were identified at 16.3, 12.5, 8.1, 2.7, 2.6, 2.4 and 2.1-years, which suggest possible linkages with huge scale ocean-atmosphere-land circulation system and an influence of solar activity. Our results suggest that all the connection have possess time to impact, so Populus euphratica has a sufficient potential to shed light on climatic factor.
Species Identification of Stranded Cetaceans in Indonesia Revealed by Molecular Technique

Stranding cases of cetaceans in Indonesia including whales, dolphins, and porpoises have recently increasingly become unfold and handled by many people. According to data from Whale Stranding Indonesia (WSI), there have been 40 stranding cases in different parts of Indonesia from early 2016 until February 2017. One of the major obstacles for the people who are handling strandings is to identify the species based on morphology alone when the body is in an advanced stadium of decomposition. WSI recorded that 21% of the species are unidentifiable. For that reason, this research aims to introduce a molecular genetics approach for identifying stranded cetaceans. Mitochondrial DNA of the gene control region was amplified using a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Sequence data were compared with data from the genebank (https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov) through percentage overlap. From the 36 individuals, which have been used in this research, 26 amplified sampels had base lengths varying between 445-490 base pairs. Molecular methods successfully identified 15 species and 13 genus of Cetacea from different localities in Indonesia. This study shows that molecular genetic techniques can be used as a method to identify species of cetaceans, in particular of stranded individual, which are hard to identify morphologically. The molecular data may complete the genetic database and become a reference for research on genetic diversity among marine mammal populations in Indonesia.
The role of UNC-108/RAB-2 in neuronal dense core vesicle maturation in C. elegans

Small GTPases of the Rab family are involved in vesicular transport between different intracellular compartments. C. elegans mutant alleles of unc-108/rab-2 have been isolated based on their slow locomotion phenotype. This suggests defects in the synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in C. elegans. In this work, I analyzed the functional defects causing reduced locomotion in unc-108/rab-2 mutant animals. In C. elegans, fast synaptic transmission at the NMJ is mediated by release of acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles. However, for efficient neurotransmission motorneurons also rely on the dense core vesicles (DCVs) that are coreleased with SVs at the NMJ. Mutants impaired in DCV secretion have strong locomotory defects, suggesting an important role of DCV signaling in neurotransmission. We show that slow movement of unc-108/rab-2 mutants is caused by impaired DCV signaling. We further show that RAB-2 is specifically required for neuronal DCV maturation. In unc-108/rab-2 mutants, specific cargo is inappropriately lost from maturing DCVs to endosomal/lysosomal degradation system. We demonstrate that a yet unidentified DCV factor is required in addition to neuropeptides for efficient neurotransmission. Finally, we show that RIC-19, the C. elegans ortholog of the human diabetes autoantigen ICA69, is also involved in DCV maturation and recruited to Golgi membranes by activated RAB-2. Thus, we conclude that RAB-2 and its effector RIC-19 are necessary for DCV maturation and normal neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction. However, RAB-2 is not the only GTPase required for efficient DCV signaling, as we could demonstrate that expression of dominant active RAB-5 is able to block DCV secretion. This suggests that particularly DCV function in neurons heavily relies on Rab dependent intracellular trafficking.
A comparative study of virulent and avirulent isolates of Chalara elegans on roots and shoots of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Chalara elegans Nag Raj and Kendrick, also known by the name Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. and Br.) Ferr. , causes black root rot disease on many plants including bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). This thesis describes the infection process and host response using virulent (BK28) and avirulent (BK28R) isolates of C. elegans on root and shoot tissues of two cultivars of bean. A study of the relationship of inoculum level to lesion occurrence showed that 10 36 phialospores were required to initiate infection at point inoculation sites. Lesions appeared on both hypocotyls and primary roots inoculated with BK28 at 3 4 days after inoculation, and continued to enlarge after their initial appearance. The BK28 isolate penetrated directly, and infection hyphae were observed in epidermal cells of bean roots by 30 to 36 hours after inoculation and by 36 to 42 hours in hypocotyl tissues. Isolate BK28 produced secondary phialospores; germination and penetration by secondary phialospores were observed only on roots. The avirulent isolate BK28R rarely penetrated either hypocotyl or root tissues. Where penetration occurred, infection hyphae of BK28R were observed only in epidermal cells of hypocotyl tissues, and in both epidermal and cortical cells of roots. Sporulation by BK28R was not observed on either root or hypocotyl tissues, whereas BK28 sporulated at infection sites on both roots and hypocotyls. Appressorium-like enlargements were produced infrequently by the two isolates. The frequency of infection was not significantly different between bean cultivars, on either roots or hypocotyls. A greater proportion of phialospores germinated on root compared to hypocotyl tissues of both cultivars. Isolate BK28 penetrated at a significantly higher frequency than BK28R, on both root and hypocotyl tissues. Both isolates caused browning of colonized cells at infection sites. BK28 on root and hypocotyl tissues, and BK28R on root tissues, appeared to be able to grow from necrotic cells into adjacent, apparently viable cells. Suberin was detected in the epidermis of hypocotyls but not in the root epidermis; lignin was not observed in epidermis of either hypocotyls or roots.
FLOW CYTOMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF THE SIZE SPECTRUM OF NORTH SEA PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES

Marine biogeochemical processes are closely linked to phytoplankton community assemblages. Cell abundance and biomass are a measure of the successful conversion of inorganic to organic carbon. Carbon estimates are therefore often used to analyse metabolism and energy transfers within marine environments, and carbon is frequently the main parameter used in ecosystem models. Phytoplankton can be divided into functional types based on cell size: microplankton (<200 μm), nanoplankton (2-20 μm) and picoplankton (≤ 3 μm). Differences in cell volume govern variations in carbon content, nutrient uptake and influence cell fate. Reduced diameters equate to lower sedimentation rates and promote participation within the microbial loop and recycling of carbon within surface waters. Larger diameters can increase settling rates, resulting in the loss of carbon from surface waters. Current North Sea monitoring and research programmes typically only consider larger micro- and nanoplankton cells, or the bulk phytoplankton community as a whole: there is little separation by functional type. Inclusion of picoplankton and the delineation of biomass contribution by cell size are required for accurate depictions of phytoplankton productivity within this region, but this is not feasible with current water sampling protocols. Flow cytometry is a new multiparametric analysis technique offering high-speed enumeration and assessment of particles. Phytoplankton cells from 2-200 μm can be easily distinguished from debris and reproducible data on cell size and pigment content is supplied within minutes. This research uses flow cytometry to provide detailed assessments of phytoplankton community structure at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Distribution patterns are related to environmental parameters and observed patterns are used to test existing paradigm and advance current ecological theory.