Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity in 201 Critically Ill Patients

We studied 201 critically ill patients during 267 courses of gentamicin (139 courses) or tobramycin (128 courses) therapy. Clinical and pharmacokinetic data were obtained on 240 of 267 courses (120 courses each of gentamicin and tobramycin). Two judgments of nephrotoxicity and its cause were made independently in this study, using a clinical and a pharmacokinetic definition of nephrotoxicity. The two sets of criteria were generally in good agreement, as all but 10 of 41 patients who were judged nephrotoxic by pharmacokinetic criteria were independently judged nephrotoxic by the clinical definition. Groups of patients judged nontoxic did not differ from groups judged nephrotoxic in age, sex, weight, initial creatinine clearance, total dose given, duration of treatment, initial aminoglycoside trough serum levels, number of dosage adjustments, concurrent use of furosemide, or concurrent cephalosporins. Prior aminoglycosides (usually gentamicin) had been used more frequently in the nontoxic group (P < 0.05). Two major conclusions of this study are at variance with those of previous investigators: (i) we found no clinical parameters of value in predicting nephrotoxicity in critically ill patients; and (ii) aminoglycoside serum concentrations, once in the therapeutic range, were of limited value in prevention of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in our patients.
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins define a large family of structurally similar transcription factors that function in a variety of developmental processes including myogenesis

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins define a large family of structurally similar transcription factors that function in a variety of developmental processes including myogenesis (Jennings et al., 1994), haematopoiesis (Gering et al., 1998; Tomita et al., 1999), cardiogenesis (Ritter et al., 1999; Srivastava et al., 1995; Thomas et al., 1998), and neurogenesis (Brunet and Ghysen, 1999; Chitnis, 1999; Guillemot, 1999; Kageyama et al., 1997; Lee, 1997). bHLH proteins interact via the HLH domain to form homodimeric and heterodimeric complexes, and regulate gene expression by binding via the basic domain to E-box (CANNTG) sequences in the promoter regions of target genes (Murre et al., 1989). Within the same tissue, bHLH proteins of the same family often have overlapping functions and act sequentially. In the nervous systems of Drosophiland vertebrates, several subfamilies of bHLH proteins have been shown to convey neural competence and to specify sensory organ identity. In Drosophila the selection of neural precursors from undifferentiated neuroectoderm is mediated by bHLH proteins encoded by the proneural genes (Ghysen and DamblyChaudière, 1988). Proneural bHLH proteins are grouped into two subfamilies based on sequence similarity within the bHLH domain: the Achaete-Scute Complex (AS-C) subfamily and the Atonal subfamily. Members of both subfamilies are transiently expressed in neuroectodermal clusters, and activate neurogenic programs upon dimerization with the ubiquitous bHLH protein Daughterless (DA). A feedback mechanism mediated by the Notch signaling pathway regulates the expression of proneural genes within a cluster such that only one cell acquires neural competence (Simpson, 1990). When ectopically expressed, AS-C and Atonal can convert undifferentiated ectodermal cells into neurons (Hinz et al., 1994; Jarman et al., 1993). Analyses of loss-of-function mutants have shown that AS-C conveys neural competency in the central nervous system (CNS) (Campos-Ortega, 1998; Chitnis, 1999), and both AS-C and members of the Atonal subfamily including Atonal and Amos are required for the generation of sensory organs in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) (Huang et al., 2000; Jan and Jan, 1994). AS-C and Atonal subfamilies also function to convey sensory neuron specificity. AS-C is required for the 4239 Development 127, 4239-4252 (2000) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2000 DEV9733
H-NMR and ICP-MS

Globe artichoke has been long considered a nutraceutical food for its valuable content of bioactive compounds. However, beside a well known polyphenol profile, poor information is available about its metabolite and mineral composition. Aim of this study was to investigate edible parts of Sicilian artichokes, “Spinoso di Menfi” and “Violetto di Niscemi”, by 1 H-NMR and ICP-MS for elucidating these compositional aspects. Although bracts and hearts of both artichokes shared a very similar metabolite pattern, “Spinoso di Menfi” showed a higher number of metabolites, such as aminoacids and polyphenols, than “Violetto di Niscemi”. “Spinoso di Menfi” was also marked by higher levels of macroand microelements when compared to “Violetto di Niscemi”. Also, artichoke heart demonstrated to accumulate higher mineral levels than bracts. 1 H-NMR and ICP-MS successfully profiled metabolites and metals in such plant food, partially covering the lack of literature data about “Spinoso di Menfi” and “Violetto di Niscemi” artichokes.
Multi-stage global trajectory optimization for the overlapping shift of a seamless two-speed transmission using Legendre pseudo-spectral method

For a seamless two-speed transmission specially equipped in electric vehicles, the global trajectory optimization problem of the overlapping shift process with multiple stages and complex path/point constraints is investigated in this article. The overlapping shift principle and the dynamic models in each phase are also demonstrated in detail. The parameters to evaluate the shift quality are analyzed and then introduced into the objective function and constraints, respectively. The jerks in process and at the key moments have been distinguished and selected as the path and point constraints, respectively. Moreover, considering the joint characteristics of the torque phase and the inertia phase, the trajectory optimization problems in the above two phases are summarized as a multi-stage global trajectory optimization problem. Then, Legendre pseudo-spectral method is used to transfer the multi-stage global trajectory optimization problem into a nonlinear programming problem for numerical solutions. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the multi-stage global trajectory optimization method have been verified through the comparison of the optimal shift trajectories under different conditions with that obtained by the piecewise trajectory optimization method.
Selection and Characterization of Sethoxydim-Tolerant Maize Tissue Cultures1

'Black Mexican Sweet' (BMS) maize (Zea mays L.) tissue cultures were selected for tolerance to sethoxydim. Sethoxydim, a cyclohexanedione, and haloxyfop, an aryloxyphenoxypropionate, exert herbicidal activity on most monocots including maize by inhibiting acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase). Selected line B1OS grew on medium containing 10 micromolar sethoxydim. Lines B50S and BlOOS were subsequent selections from BiOS that grew on medium containing 50 and 100 micromolar sethoxydim, respectively. Growth rates of BMS, BiOS, B50S, and BlOOS were similar in the absence of herbicide. Herbicide concentrations reducing growth by 50% were 0.6, 4.5, 35, and 26 micromolar sethoxydim and 0.06, 0.5, 5.4, and 1.8 micromolar haloxyfop for BMS, BiOS, B50S, and B1OOS, respectively. Sethoxydim and haloxyfop concentrations that inhibited ACCase by 50% were similar for BMS, B1OS, BSOS, and B1OOS. However, ACCase activities were 6.1, 10.7, 16.1, and 11.4 nmol HC03incorporated per milligram of protein per minute in extracts of BMS, B1OS, BSOS, and B1OOS, respectively, suggesting that increased wildtype ACCase activity conferred herbicide tolerance. Incorporation of [14C]acetate into the nonpolar lipid fraction was higher for B50S than for BMS in the absence of sethoxydim providing further evidence for an increase in ACCase activity in the selected line. In the presence of 5 micromolar sethoxydim, [14C]acetate incorporation by BSOS was similar to that for untreated BMS. The levels of a biotin-containing polypeptide (about 220,000 molecular weight), presumably the ACCase subunit, were increased in the tissue cultures that exhibited elevated ACCase activity indicating overproduction of the ACCase enzyme. Sethoxydim' is a cyclohexanedione herbicide used in dicot crops to control grass weeds (2). Haloxyfop, an aryloxyphenoxypropionate, also is phytotoxic to most grasses (27). CyCooperative investigation of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Supported in part by a grant from BASF Corporation. Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station publication No.
The Development of Endosperm in Grasses 1

The grass seed or caryopsis originates from a mono-carpellary ovary with a single ovule and contains the main storage tissue, the endosperm. For most grass crop species (i.e. cereals), the value of the crop is largely determined by the endosperm, both in quantitative and qualitative terms.
CharacterizationoftheBLR1 gene encodinga putative blue-light regulator in thephytopathogenic fungusBipolaris oryzae

Bipolaris oryzae is a filamentous ascomycetous fungus that causes brown leaf spot disease in rice. We isolated and characterized BLR1, a gene that encodes a putative blue-light regulator similar to Neurospora crassa white-collar 1 (WC-1). The deduced amino acid sequence of BLR1 showed high degrees of similarity to other fungal blue-light regulator protein. Disruption of the BLR1 gene demonstrated that this gene is essential for conidial development after conidiophore formation and for near-UV radiation-enhanced photolyase gene expression.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR VERIFIABLE SECRET SHARING IN PROACTIVE NETWORK USING RSA

: We consider perfect verifiable secret sharing (VSS) in a synchronous network of n processors (players) where a designated player called the dealer wishes to distribute a secret s among the players in a way that none of them obtain any information, but any t + 1 players obtain full information about the secret. The round complexity of a VSS protocol is defined as the number of rounds performed in the sharing phase. Gennaro, Ishai, Kushilevitz and Rabin showed that three rounds are necessary and sufficient when n > 3t . Sufficiency, however, was only demonstrated by means of an inefficient (i.e., exponential-time) protocol and the construction of inefficient three-round protocol were left as an open problem. In this paper, we present an efficient three-round protocol for VSS. The solution is based on a three-round solution of so-called weak verifiable secret sharing (WSS), for which we also prove that three rounds are a lower bound. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that one round is sufficient for WSS when n > 4t , and that VSS can be achieved in 1 + " amortized rounds (for any " > 0) when n > 3t .
COPD_A_270729 2249..2256

*These authors contributed equally to this work Background: The exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) seriously affects the patient’s quality of life and prognosis. This multicenter cross-sectional study investigated the characteristics of stable COPD and risk factors for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) in patients in Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Methods: The study included 400 outpatients admitted to four secondary hospitals and four tertiary hospitals in Jilin Province from March 2018 to March 2019. Data on the general condition of stable COPD patients, patient self-management, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores, number of acute exacerbations in the past 12 months, and medications received during the study period were collected using a questionnaire. Results: Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical data were obtained from 306 patients, and drug prescription data were obtained from 329 patients. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that CAT scores were positively correlated with the number of acute exacerbations. Age, education level, smoking history, disease duration, number of comorbidities, and the presence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) were associated with AECOPD. Moreover, the level of education, disease duration, and the presence of IHD were independent risk factors for AECOPD. Poor compliance due to the lack of understanding of the disease and the high cost of treatment is a risk factor for AECOPD. In addition, increased air pollution in industrial cities and vitamin D deficiency are closely related to AECOPD. Conclusion: Low education level, long disease duration, and the presence of IHD may promote the exacerbation and poor control of COPD in patients in Jilin Province.
21 WU GeoR_ManuscriptS-137onWebFF

6 Reliability analysis and multivariate statistical f itting are valuable techniques that enhance the 7 scientific basis of regulatory decisions in geotech ni al problems. The R environment is an emerging 8 programming platform largely used for statistical c omputing in many areas. This study introduces 9 the use of several new R packages specifically deve loped to assist risk assessors in their 10 geotechnical projects. Firstly, the fitting of param eterised models to the average over a number of 11 observed samples and/or to characterise the depende nce structures among variables is presented. 12 The usefulness of R packages is illustrated through a marginal and copula fitting to a data set. The 13 non-parametric kernel density estimation and confid ence limits in a joint model of associated 14 multiple variables are also facilitated. Secondly, the most popular reliability analysis methods, such 15 as the firstand second-order reliability methods (FORM and SORM) and the random sampling 16 simulation method, are implemented in R. The effici en y of implementing these classical 17 approximation methods is discussed, and two example problems are demonstrated, namely the 18 bearing capacity of a rigid pile with two variables and the stability of an infinite slope with multip e 19 variables. It is hoped that this demonstration can promote the use of advanced R tools for 20 interpretation of the uncertainty in the decision-m aking process of geotechnical problems. 21
Design and Implementation of Position Sensorless Field ‐ Excited Flux ‐ Switching Motor

Abstract: Field‐excited flux‐switching motor drive systems have become more and more popular due to their robustness and lack of need for a permanent magnet. Three different types of predictive controllers, including a single‐step predictive speed controller, a multi‐step predictive speed controller, and a predictive current controller are proposed for sensorless flux‐switching motor drive systems in this paper. By using a 1 kHz high‐frequency sinusoidal voltage injected into the field winding and by measuring the a‐b‐c armature currents in the stator, an estimated rotor position that is near  2 electrical degrees is developed. To improve the dynamic responses of the field‐ excited flux‐switching motor drive system, predictive controllers are employed. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed predictive controllers have better performance than PI controllers, including transient, load disturbance, and tracking responses. In addition, the adjustable speed range of the proposed drive system is from 4 r/min to 1500 r/min. A digital signal processor, TMS‐ 320F‐2808, is used as a control center to carry out the rotor position estimation and the predictive control algorithms. Measured results can validate the theoretical analysis to illustrate the practicability and correctness of the proposed method.
AC and DC fault ride through hybrid MMC integrating wind power

To transmit bulk wind power over long distance, using high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technology with overhead lines is a preferred approach. Since direct current (DC) faults are frequent in overhead lines, this study adopts the hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) based on half bridge sub-module and full bridge sub-module to integrate wind power. The design of controllers, the alternating current (AC) and DC fault ride-through strategy of the hybrid MMC-HVDC system will be presented. Since the wind power continues injecting into the system during the faults, the damping resistor is adopted to dissipate the surplus wind power. The coordination control of the damping resistor and the chopper resistor inside the wind turbine is designed. Finally, the performance during AC, DC faults ride though is verified by extensive simulations.
Nonlinear Shaping Architecture Designed with Using Evolutionary Structural Optimization Tools

The paper explores the possibilities of using Structural Optimization Tools (ESO) digital tools in an integrated structural and architectural design in response to the current needs geared towards sustainability, combining ecological and economic efficiency. The first part of the paper defines the Evolutionary Structural Optimization tools, which were developed specifically for engineering purposes using finite element analysis as a framework. The development of ESO has led to several incarnations, which are all briefly discussed (Additive ESO, Bi-directional ESO, Extended ESO). The second part presents result of using these tools in structural and architectural design. Actual building projects which involve optimization as a part of the original design process will be presented (Crematorium in Kakamigahara Gifu, Japan, 2006 SANAA“s Learning Centre, EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland 2008 among others). The conclusion emphasizes that the structural engineering and architectural design mean directing attention to the solutions which are used by Nature, designing works optimally shaped and forming their own environments. Architectural forms never constitute the optimum shape derived through a form-finding process driven only by structural optimization, but rather embody and integrate a multitude of parameters. It might be assumed that there is a similarity between these processes in nature and the presented design methods. Contemporary digital methods make the simulation of such processes possible, and thus enable us to refer back to the empirical methods of previous generations.
Recommended practice for hydrologic investigations and reporting

Abstract This paper discusses the use of methods commonly used by engineering hydrologists in undertaking surface water investigations. While the conceptual basis of the approaches covered is rooted in best international practice, the discussion focuses on data and procedures directly applicable to Australian conditions. The impetus for this paper arises from the experience of the authors in reviewing reports prepared by practising hydrologists on investigations undertaken for major infrastructure and mining projects, as typically addressed in Environmental Impact Statements. References are provided to a range of data products, tools and guidance that are considered representative of the best practice. It is hoped that practitioners will review their own procedures against the recommendations provided here, and give consideration to those aspects that they think will add value to the defensibility and utility of their investigations. Particular emphasis is given to published literature and practical tools that are readily available in the public domain.
DMSO_A_277473 4447..4455

Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China Purpose: To investigate the impact of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its severity on the threshold of sciatic nerve electrical stimulation in diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: The case–control study included 60 patients that were divided into non-diabetic patients (control group, n = 26) and diabetic patients (diabetes group, n = 34). All the patients who were scheduled for lower leg, foot, and ankle surgery received a popliteal sciatic nerve block. We recorded the minimum current required to produce motor activity of the sciatic nerve during ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block. Results: Among the 60 patients, the sciatic nerve innervated muscle contractile response was successfully elicited in 57 patients (dorsiflexion of foot, plantar flexion, foot valgus or adduction, toe flexion, etc.) under electric stimulation. We failed to elicit the motor response in three patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, even when the stimulation current was 3 mA. The average electrical stimulation threshold (1.0 ± 0.7 mA) in the diabetes group was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.4 ± 0.1 mA). Diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy had a higher electrical stimulation threshold (1.2 ± 0.7 mA) than patients without peripheral neuropathy (0.4 ± 0.1 mA). Furthermore, the electrical stimulation threshold of the sciatic nerve in diabetic patients had a linear dependence on the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS) peripheral neuropathy score (electrical stimulation threshold [in mA] = 0.125 TCSS score) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The threshold of electrical stimulation to elicit a motor response of the sciatic nerve was increased in diabetic patients, and the threshold of electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve increased with the severity of diabetic nerve dysfunction.
Voltage Control in Distribution System with Reactive Power Dispatch

Due to large resistance and lower reactance of lines, the voltage control and power loss became a crucial issue. The flat voltage profile, is therefore expected to distribution system at each node, minimum power loss, the maximum cost of saving and maximum efficiency. In this context, to find the size and location of compensating devices for the reactive power and voltage control devices became the essential need. In this paper, the multi-objective optimisation problem is solved for the sizing and location of reactive power compensating devices in the distribution system. The main contributions of the proposed work are (i) To address the hybrid algorithm to determine the location and size of Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM). (ii) The power loss and voltage deviation are minimised. (iii) The impact of D-STATCOM with minimum voltage growth is analysed. The results are verified, tabulated and compared with other methods. The IEEE-33 bus test system has been taken for the analysis. Keywords— Power loss minimisation, voltage deviation, D-STATCOM.
HJURP Regulates Cellular Senescence in Human Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells Via a p53-Dependent Pathway

Holliday junction recognition protein (HJURP), a centromere protein-A (CENP-A) histone chaperone, mediates centromere-specific assembly of CENP-A nucleosome, contributing to high-fidelity chromosome segregation during cell division. However, the role of HJURP in cellular senescence of human primary cells remains unclear. We found that the expression levels of HJURP decreased in human dermal fibroblasts and umbilical vein endothelial cells in replicative or premature senescence. Ectopic expression of HJURP in senescent cells partially overcame cell senescence. Conversely, downregulation of HJURP in young cells led to premature senescence. p53 knockdown, but not p16 knockdown, abolished senescence phenotypes caused by HJURP reduction. These data suggest that HJURP plays an important role in the regulation of cellular senescence through a p53-dependent pathway and might contribute to tissue or organismal aging and protection of cellular transformation.