Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DFT Atomistic Thermodynamics Applied To Elucidate the Driving Force behind Glutamic Acid Self-Assemblies on Silver (100) Surface

What is the driving force behind the self-assembly of molecules on a surface? Why can different organizations of an assembly coexist under the same conditions? The coexistence of two experimentally observed complex phases of glutamic acid on Ag(100) is discussed using a detailed atomistic thermodynamics approach based on periodic DFT electronic energies. The interplay between bond formation and loss of degrees of freedom, corresponding to the enthalpy-entropy balance, is used to explain in detail and quantitatively the subtle equilibrium between the two differently organized self-assemblies.
Nanomaterial-based fluorescent biosensors for veterinary drug detection in foods

Veterinary drugs have been widely used in the food industry. Their residues in food products need to be tightly regulated to ensure food safety. In particular, some veterinary drugs are still used illegally, although they have already been banned. Nanomaterials are playing an increasingly important role in analytical chemistry due to their unique properties. Compared to traditional organic dyes and colloidal gold nanoparticle labels, fluorescent nanomaterials appear particularly attractive for the detection of veterinary drug residues. This review summarizes recent advancements of fluorescent biosensors using nanomaterials for the detection of veterinary drug residues in foods. The useful properties of each type of fluorescent nanomaterial are first discussed such as large Stokes shifts, long emission lifetime, and high quantum yields, which are useful for detection in food-related sample matrix. The following target recognition molecules are then reviewed individually including antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and metal ion coordination based ligands. Representative bioconjugation and assay methods are discussed for each recognition mechanism. Finally, a few future research directions are outlined in the last section of this review.
WIDEBAND PENTAGONAL SHAPE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING A PAIR OF RECTANGULAR SLOTS

Designs of a polygon shape microstrip antenna for increasing number of side lengths are studied. A detailed analysis is presented for the variations observed in the first and second order mode resonance frequencies in a polygon shape patch, from triangle to square to pentagon, ending up in a circle. Among all the polygon shapes, close spacing between the first two frequencies is obtained in the pentagon shape patch. A design of a pentagon shape microstrip antenna with a pair of slots is proposed. It gives impedance bandwidth of more than 700 MHz (> 55%), which is maximum amongst all the polygon shapes employing a pair of rectangular slots. The proposed design offers a peak broadside gain of 9 dBi over the bandwidth. A resonant length formulation and subsequent design methodology for the pentagon shape patch and its slot loaded variation are presented. This helps in the redesigning of a similar configuration in a given frequency range, using proximity and coaxial feeds.
Analysis of spammers’ behavior on a live streaming chat

Live streaming is becoming a popular channel for advertising and marketing. An advertising company can use this feature to broadcast and reach a large number of customers. YouTube is one of the streaming media with an extreme growth rate and a large number of viewers. Thus, it has become a primary target of spammers and attackers. Understanding the behavior of users on live chat may reduce the moderator’s time in identifying and preventing spammers from disturbing other users. In this paper, we analyzed YouTube live streaming comments in order to understand spammers’ behavior. Seven user’s behavior features and message characteristic features were comprehensively analyzed. According to our findings, features that performed best in terms of run time and classification efficiency is the relevant score together with the time spent in live chat and the number of messages per user. The accuracy is as high as 6 6.22 percent. In addition, the most suitable technique for real-time classification is a Decision Tree.
Seismic performance and shear bearing-capacity of truss SRC beam-column frame joints

The structural performance of a frame joint is particularly important, which can determine the safe state of the global structure. For this reason, the seismic performance of the truss steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beam-column frame joints is investigated by the experimental study and the nonlinear finite element modeling. The main design parameters include the section size of the web rods, the axial compression ratio and the section size of I-steel. The failure mechanism, load-displacement skeleton curve, the ductility and energy dissipation capacity, and shear deformation in the core zone of the truss SRC beam-column joints are studied. A formula is put forward to describe the shear bearing-capacity of the joints. The results indicate that the truss SRC beam-column frame joints generally have good seismic performance. The size of steel and web members have impact on the seismic performance of the truss SRC beam-column joints, and the axial compression ratio is an important factor that impacts the hysteresis behavior and energy dissipation. The proposed shear bearing-capacity formula can objectively reflect the performance of the joints.
Sediment and nutrient export in runoff from burned and harvested pine watersheds in the South Carolina Piedmont

Soil and nutrient export in ephemeral flow were studied over a 3-yr period following clearcutting three loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) watersheds (0.60–1.24 ha). Two preharvest, low-intensity prescribed fires had no effect on flow or water quality. Harvesting after the third prescribed fire significantly increased sediment concentration and export, but increases were minor compared with sediment export reported for mechanical site preparation. Nutrient concentrations varied among watershed locations because of differences in surface soil depth, but were generally unaffected by harvest. Because harvest increased runoff, nutrient export (concentration × flow) was generally increased. Results of this study show that loblolly pine stands in the erosive Piedmont physiographic region can be harvested following a series of low-intensity prescribed fires with minimal soil loss or degradation of water quality.
Learning to learn: Children’s language and literacy development in a marginalised community in Port Elizabeth

This article draws on a long-term ethnographic study that explored the way the home based practices experienced by children in a marginalised community in a large South African city, Port Elizabeth, prepared them for, and supported them in, schooling. The study was informed by the field known as ‘New Literacy Studies’ and which draws extensively on the likes of Heath (1983) and Street (1984). It acknowledges that individuals have the power to exercise agency in the context of structural and cultural constraints but shows how, in this particular community, poverty and geography and the educational backgrounds of caregivers impacted on their best efforts to contribute to their children’s development.
Surface preparation of Si(001) substrate using low-pH HF solution

We prepared atomically flat Si(001) surfaces that have well-ordered step-and-terrace structures using a low-pH (pH<1) HF solution (LPH) and subsequent low-temperature (750°⁢C) annealing in H2. The flattening was attributed to the enhanced migration of Si atoms on the LPH-treated surface because anisotropic etching is suppressed by the low concentration of OH ions. The reduction in the H2 annealing temperature to below the decomposition temperature of Si oxide enabled us to form an atomically flat Si(001) surface in a window area surrounded by a thick device isolation oxide.
A new Cu(II) complex: treatment activity on ICH via reduction the ROS production and inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells

Abstract A new Cu(II) coordination polymer (CP), [Cu(1,3-BDC)Dptztz]·DMF (DMF = dimethylformamide) was synthesized by reaction of the Cu(NO3)2·3H2O with the 2,5-di(4-pyridyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (Dptztz) in the presence of the isophthalic acid (1,3-H2BDC). The as-prepared complex 1 has been structurally studied via single crystal X-ray diffraction and further characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, after the construction of the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) animal model with type IV collagenase. Then, the protective activity of the compound on ICH animal model was evaluated and the mechanism was evaluated. First, the ROS level in the vascular endothelial cells was evaluated by measuring the relative expression of the ROS related genes. Then, the inflammatory responses in the vascular endothelial cells were measured with western blot. Graphical Abstract
Nutrient Extraction in Pansy Fertigated with Pure, Diluted, Depurated and Phytodepurated Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste

The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills might result in serious environmental pollution. The goal of the present assay was to assess if MSW wastewater (pure or treated) can be used as a potential source for fertilizers, studying its effects on plant biometric parameters as well as on anion concentrations and anion partitioning of the bedding plant Viola × wittrockiana Gams. (pansy), to detect possible harmful impacts on plants. The treatments tested were: W9.0 (pure wastewater, EC 9.0 dS m−1), W4.5 (diluted wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), DW4.5 (depurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), PW4.5 (phytodepurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), and T (tap water, the control, EC 1.5 dS m−1). The treatment with pure wastewater negatively affected plant fresh weight, water content (on a fresh weight basis), leaf area, plant height and width, and the number of leaves and flowers due to an accumulation of SO42− in plant tissues. Phytodepurated wastewater improved plant fresh weight, water content, plant height and width, the number of leaves and flowers, and reduced the leaf area because this treatment decreased SO42− concentrations in wastewater by half. Pansy plants also showed high levels of nutrients (N, P, and Mg) when compared with fertigation with pure and diluted landfill leachate. These results show that phytodepurated wastewater from MSW can be used for the fertigation of pansy plants.
Detailed paleoseismic history of the Hinagu fault zone revealed by the high‐density radiocarbon dating and trenching survey across a surface rupture of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Kyushu, Japan

The NE‐trending Hinagu fault zone, length 81 km, is one of the major active faults in Kyushu, Japan. From north to south, it is divided into three segments based on geomorphic features and paleoseismic behavior: the Takano‐Shirahata, Hinagu, and Yatsushiro Sea segments. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake produced a 6‐km‐long surface rupture with a dextral strike‐slip displacement on the northern part of the Takano‐Shirahata segment. Surface rupture, a faint east‐side‐up flexure with a vertical offset of less than 8 cm, was observed near the middle of the Takano‐Shirahata segment. To examine past surface‐rupturing earthquakes on the Takano‐Shirahata segment, including rupture frequency and timing, we conducted a paleoseismic study with boring and trenching at Yamaide. A trench across the surface rupture exposed multiple fault strands associated with multiple surface‐rupturing events that deformed several strata of fine‐grained sediments. By structural and stratigraphic interpretation, high‐density radiocarbon dating and tephra analysis, and Bayesian modeling, we constrained the timing of seven events, Events 1–7, to 0.84–1.25, 1.31–7.06, 9.99–11.0, 10.8–12.1, 12.0–13.0, 14.2–15.1, and before 14.8 kcal BP. Slip during Events 1–6 was obviously larger than the 2016 slip. The estimated average recurrence interval was about 2596–2860 years, but the interval between Events 2 and 3 was much longer than other intervals. Moreover, the vertical throw associated with Event 2 was larger than that of other events. This implies that the Takano‐Shirahata segment has a period with rare larger earthquakes and a period with frequent smaller earthquakes. Some events might have produced ruptures on both the Takano‐Shirahata and the northern part of the Hinagu segments simultaneously or in a short time. The variety of recurrence intervals suggests that the seismic activity has been affected by one or both activities of the Futagawa fault zone and the Hinagu segment.
Structure of a triclinic phase of sodium dodecyl sulfate monohydrate. A comparison with other sodium dodecyl sulfate crystal phases

Le compose du titre cristallise dans le systeme triclinique du groupe d'espace P1. Affinement de la structure jusqu'a 0,11. Chaque motif asymetrique est constitue de 2 molecules d'eau et de 2 molecules de dodecylsulfate de sodium avec des conformations differentes. Ces dernieres forment une structure lamellaire avec alternance de regions polaires et apolaires. Plus le taux d'eau est important, plus l'epaisseur des lamelles est faible
Electron‐impact dissociation of nitrogen

The electron‐impact dissociation of N2 to form two nitrogen atoms is observed in a crossed beam experiment at electron energies between 18.5 and 148.5 eV. Detection of the correlated dissociation fragments with a time and position sensitive detector permits detection of both ground and excited state fragments, but excludes interference from dissociative ionization products. The observed translational energy releases in the N2 dissociation are consistent with predissociation to N(2D)+N(4S) fragments as the primary dissociation mechanism. Absolute cross sections for the electron impact dissociation are measured and compared with previous measurements. Recommended values of this cross section are given for electron‐impact energies between 10 and 200 eV.
The Attention Apparatus: Conditions and Affordances of News Reporting in Hybrid Media Events of Terrorist Violence

ABSTRACT Acts of terrorist violence become repeatedly the focus of amplified attention in Western media. These acts spur hybrid media events where both news media and media users create and share information and interpretations of the event. Large news organizations play an integral role in attracting, steering and regulating attention in hybrid media events of terrorist violence. This article develops a theoretical conceptualization of the news organization as an attention apparatus. We argue that the apparatus consists of two dimensions: First, three conditions constrain the workings of the attention apparatus: perceived audience expectations, professional conditions of journalism and societal responsibilities of journalism. Secondly, there are three temporal affordances through which attention is managed: immediacy, liveness and interruption. We come to these conclusions through empirical research on newsroom practices in terrorism news production at the Finnish Broadcasting Company (Yle). Our data consist of thematic interviews (N = 33) with Yle journalists, producers and content managers as well as newsroom observations (14 days) conducted at Yle News and Current Affairs departments. The data is interpreted through a grounded theory approach. The article highlights how the temporal affordances enable reporting in hybrid media events but also clash with established conditions of news reporting.
SIMULATION OF A SINGLE THIRD-BODY PARTICLE IN FRICTIONAL CONTACT

Contact of a single third-body particle between two plates is simulated using the Boundary Element Method. The particle is considered as deformable, and the Coulomb’s law of friction is assumed at the contact interface. The normal pressure distribution and tangential stress distribution in contact as well as the macroscopic force and force moment are calculated. Several movement modes are shown to be possible: rolling, rotation, or sticking during the loading. It is found that, differing from rigid particles, the state of particle may change during the loading. The particle may stick to the plates initially, but rotation may occur when the load becomes larger. Examples with the same and different coefficients of friction are presented to show kinematics of particle. The method can be further applied to simulation of multiple third-body particles.
The evolving landscape of agroecological research

ABSTRACT It has been widely argued that agroecological science, which originally developed as the application of ecological principles to agricultural systems, should engage with the social and political issues that affect production agriculture, and incorporate knowledge from a variety of sources. In this paper, we use techniques from network science and bibliometrics to evaluate the degree to which this transformation has taken place. By creating networks based on over 3,000 agroecology papers and the roughly 160,000 references they cite, we distinguish the sub-fields (“research fronts”) that made up agroecology in three time intervals: 1982–2004, 2005–2013, and 2014–2018. We also identify the main disciplines from which the research fronts in 2014–2018 drew their supporting knowledge. We suggest that, very broadly, themes in agroecological research include: Ecosystem services; (agro)biodiversity; approaches to agricultural intensification; tropical agroecosystems (particularly coffee); pest and weed management; organic agriculture; cropping systems; system transitions, modeling, and design; climate change adaptation; food sovereignty; education; and the nature and purpose of agroecology itself. Some research fronts mainly cite papers in natural science fields such as ecology, environmental science, agriculture, and entomology. However, others draw upon work in social science areas including development studies, environmental studies, and anthropology. The analysis presented in this paper demonstrates that agroecology has indeed evolved to possess many of the characteristics of an “ecology of [the entire] food system. ” We anticipate that this work will also be of use to those wishing to gain an overview of the field or identify key papers, knowledge gaps, and potential collaborations.
Microemulsion Improvement Method Preparation of ZnS and Luminous Performance Research

Series samples ZnS and ZnS: Cu2+(0.001<x<0.05) have been prepared by a simple and template-free microemulsion improvement method. From the XRD we know that all samples are single phase. The SEM photo shows that the particle sizes are about 20nm~50nm.When the contents of doping Cu2+ ions increasing, the particle sizes become larger, which proves that Cu2+ ions occupy the position of Zn2+ ions. The emission spectrum (ES) indicates that when doping Cu2+ ions ,samples show a blue light and the main emission peaks which caused by Cu2+ ions t2 transition locates at 425nm.
Using Video-Diaries in Educational Research Exploring Identity: Affordances and Constraints

To use video in educational research has become more and more common in the last few decades, including methodologies where informants themselves use video-cameras for documentation. The purpose of the article is to discuss affordances and constraints of using video-diaries as a data generation method for investigating students’ identity constitution. Video-diaries were recorded as part of a larger project, where the empirical data also included observations and videorecordings of teaching and semi-structured interviews. The noninterference of the researchers during the video-diaries was found to be both a strength, in that students more freely could tell their own stories, and a weakness, in that it put high demands on the students’ ability to express themselves in monologue format. An important affordance of the video-diaries was that they contributed to a “thick” data set, both in that they informed our individual, semi-structured interviews and allowed us to quickly move on to in-depth conversations, and in that the students were able to utilize artifacts and show environments of importance to them.
Water Quality in Marmara Sea

The purpose of the study is to determine the water quality for the continuity of the aquatic life’ diversity and the health of the citizens and tourists swimming in the Kucuksu, Fenerbahce and Suadiye beaches. Between 5 June 2019 and 29 August 2019, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity were measured weekly onsite and seawater samples were collected to analyze heavy metal concentrations (Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Se) via ICP-OES. Results showed that values are under the limits and there is no harm to human health and aquatic life. The measurements were compared with the literature data of beaches in the Mediterranean and of the same beaches in the previous studies.
Simulation of a Synchronous Planar Magnetically Levitated Motion System Based on a Real-Time Analytical Force Model

The existing simulation method for the control of linear or planar magnetically levitated actuators always ignores the characteristics of the real physical object, which deteriorates the accuracy of the simulation. In this work, the proposed emulator for the magnetically levitated actuator is developed to consider both the force characteristics and the control algorithm. To model the real controlled object, the mathematical model for 1D (one-dimensional) and 2D (two-dimensional) magnetic arrays is derived where the yaw angle is taken into consideration using the coordinate transformation. The solution of the mathematical model is compared with the commercial BEM (boundary element method) software and the measurements from a force and torque testing setup to highlight the accuracy of the proposed mathematical model. Compared with the traditional simulation method of the motion control systems founded on the simplified system transfer function, the proposed simulation method has higher consistency and is closer to reality. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed magnetic force model are further verified by the emulator based on the numerical force model and the testing data of the real setup.
Effect of Chemical Treatment on Tensile Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB)-based All Cellulose Composite (ACC) Films

This study explored the potential of using oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in the production all-cellulose composite (ACC) films. The isolation process of the raw OPEFB fiber was carried out using chemical process to extract the OPEFB nanocellulose. The ACC films from the OPEFB and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were prepared using dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and lithium chloride solvent system whereby the partially dissolved cellulose was transformed into the matrix phase surrounding the remaining non-dissolved fiber. The ACC films containing 1, 2, 3 and 4 % (wt/vol) OPEFB cellulose and 3 % (wt/vol) microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were prepared and the effects of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate chemical treatment of the OPEFB cellulose on tensile properties of the ACC film were investigated. Results indicate that the chemical treatment using 2-ethylhexyl acrylate has reduced the hydroxyl group composition in the cellulose and allowing greater dissolution of the cellulose during the formation of the ACC film. As a result, the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the ACC film were significantly enhanced. However, both untreated and treated ACC films experienced the reduction in both properties when the cellulose concentration was increased from 1 % to 4% (wt/vol), due to the saturation of the cellulose particles and non-homogeneity of the ACC system.