Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caffeine's Ergogenic Effects on Cycling: Neuromuscular and Perceptual Factors.

UNLABELLED Caffeine improves endurance exercise performance, but its ergogenic mechanism(s) remain unclear. PURPOSE This investigation sought to examine the effects of caffeine on perceptual and physiological responses to endurance exercise. METHODS Two experiments were performed. In study A, 14 participants were tested. Maximal voluntary strength (MVC) and motor-unit recruitment (%ACT) of the knee extensors and elbow flexors were tested before and 60 min after ingestion of a 5-mg·kg⁻¹ dose of caffeine or placebo and after completion of 40 min of exercise (30 min of submaximal leg or arm cycling followed by a 10-min time-trial performance). Muscle pain, RPE, and cardiorespiratory variables were assessed throughout. To determine the effects of caffeine on muscle pain and RPE during high-intensity exercise, a second study (study B) was performed. Twelve participants exercised at 95% of their gas exchange threshold (GET) and at 70% of the difference between their GET and VO(2peak) (70%Δ) after caffeine and placebo ingestion. RESULTS Compared to placebo, caffeine improved MVC (6.3%, P = 0.014) and %ACT (5.5%, P = 0.013) in the knee extensors, but not the elbow flexors, and reduced muscle pain (P < 0.05) and RPE (P < 0.05) during both submaximal cycling modalities. Caffeine ingestion improved time-trial performance during leg cycling (4.9% ± 6.5%, P = 0.03), but not arm crank cycling (2.1% ± 8.2%, P = 0.28), but the effect on pain and RPE was eliminated. Caffeine ingestion had no effect on pain or RPE during cycling at 95% GET and 70%Δ. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that augmented strength and motor-unit recruitment, rather than reductions in pain and effort, may underlie caffeine's ergogenic effect on endurance exercise.
Neuronal CXCL10 Directs CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment and Control of West Nile Virus Encephalitis

ABSTRACT The activation and entry of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells into the central nervous system is an essential step towards clearance of West Nile virus (WNV) from infected neurons. The molecular signals responsible for the directed migration of virus-specific T cells and their cellular sources are presently unknown. Here we demonstrate that in response to WNV infection, neurons secrete the chemokine CXCL10, which recruits effector T cells via the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Neutralization or a genetic deficiency of CXCL10 leads to a decrease in CXCR3+ CD8+ T-cell trafficking, an increase in viral burden in the brain, and enhanced morbidity and mortality. These data support a new paradigm in chemokine neurobiology, as neurons are not generally considered to generate antiviral immune responses, and CXCL10 may represent a novel neuroprotective agent in response to WNV infection in the central nervous system.
Visualization of an Imperfect World

Visualized data and information can be inaccurate or even wrong. Moreover, in the synthetic digital world anybody can visualize anything in any shape or form, disregarding how users might perceive or get the information. Worse, as technology develops, it becomes easier to do so. Understanding the data and information and reaching sound decisions require knowing what pieces of information or data are accurate, complete, consistent, and certain, identifying which are not and by how much, and making the presentation accurate. The author discusses the following issues: sources of imperfection in information; representing the degree of imperfection; intuitive visual metaphors and cues for representing imperfection; imperfect presentation; and notions of managing imperfection and visualization.
Novel ATP13A2 variant associated with Parkinson disease in Taiwan and Singapore

Objectives: To assess the association of ATP13A2 gene mutation among patients with early onset Parkinson disease (EOPD, onset < 50 years) in ethnic Chinese population. Methods: Among 771 subjects, we studied 182 patients with EOPD and familial PD and 589 matched controls from two cohorts of Han Chinese in Taiwan and Singapore. The entire ATP13A2 coding region and intron-exon boundaries were sequenced in 71 probands and 70 controls in Taiwanese/ethnic Chinese. An additional 111 index patients with PD in Singapore and 589 controls were later screened to validate possible mutations that were found in the first set of study subjects. Results: We identified one novel missense variant, AL746Thr, in a single heterozygous state in three patients (two were from Taiwan and one was from Singapore) (1.7% in EOPD). The variant was not observed in 589 ethnicity matched controls. The frequency of this variant was significantly higher in PD cases than controls (p = 0.01, relative risk 4.3, 95% CI 1.9–4.3). The clinical phenotype and 18F-dopa PET image of ATP13A2 Ala78Thr carriers are similar to that seen in idiopathic PD. The variant is located between the highly conserved phosphorylation region and the fifth transmembrane domain of the ATP13A2 protein. Conclusions: A rare variant of the ATP13A2 was associated with an increased risk of Parkinson disease among ethnic Chinese in Asia. Further studies are needed to clarify the functional role of this genetic risk factor. GLOSSARY: cDNA = complementary DNA; EOPD = early onset Parkinson disease; ER = endoplasmic reticulum; RT-PCR = reverse-transcriptase PCR; SNP = single nucleotide polymorphism.
Increased sensitivity after repeated stimulation of residual spatial channels in blindsight

Lesions of the occipital cortex result in areas of cortical blindness affecting the corresponding regions of the patient's visual field. The traditional view is that, aside from some spontaneous recovery in the first few months after the damage, when acute effects have subsided the areas of blindness are absolute and permanent. It has been found, however, that within such field defects some residual visual capacities may persist in the absence of acknowledged awareness by the subject (blindsight type 1) or impaired awareness (type 2). Neuronal pathways mediating blindsight have a specific and narrow spatial and temporal bandwidth. A group of cortically blind patients (n = 12) carried out a daily detection “training” task over a 3-month period, discriminating grating visual stimuli optimally configured for blindsight from homogeneous luminance-matched stimuli. No feedback was given during the training. Assessment of training was by psychophysical measurements carried out before and after training and included detection of a range of spatial frequencies (0.5–7 cycles per degree), contrast detection at 1 cycle per degree, clinical perimetry, and subjective estimates of visual field defect. The results show that repeated stimulation by appropriate visual stimuli can result in improvements in visual sensitivities in the very depths of the field defect.
Quantile Forecasts of Inflation Under Model Uncertainty

Bayesian model averaging (BMA) methods are regularly used to deal with model uncertainty in regression models. This paper shows how to introduce Bayesian model averaging methods in quantile regressions, and allow for different predictors to affect different quantiles of the dependent variable. I show that quantile regression BMA methods can help reduce uncertainty regarding outcomes of future inflation by providing superior predictive densities compared to mean regression models with and without BMA.
The effect of gamma irradiation and vacuum packaging upon selected quality traits of refrigerated ostrich meat. Part 1. Microbial assessment

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation and vacuum packaging as combined process for improvement of ostrich meat shelf life. Ostrich meat was vacuum-packaged and irradiated at 0, 1 and 3.0 kGy. Bacterial growth and sensory quality were determined at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days. Microbial analysis indicated that the combined use of vacuum packaging and irradiation had a significant effect on the reduction of microbial loads. Among the analysed bacteria, coliforms were most sensitive to gamma radiation. Considering the total bacteria counts, vacuumpacked samples irradiated at 3.0 kGy were acceptable under refrigerated storage for at least 21 days, compared to 7 and 14 days for non-irradiated, air-packaged, and vacuum-packaged samples, respectively.
Control Structure Design for Man-Function Humanoid Robot

This paper presents a new humanoid robot control structure - Man-Function humanoid robot. The sensing devices worn on the human body, these devices will produce signals of joints’ change when people move. Computer of the control system receiving the signals and processing them, then issue control signals to the servos of the robot at the same time, control the robot’s behavior. For this reason, a control structure of human’s behavior to determine the robot’s behavior formed. The humanoid robot has 17 servos and two pressure sensors, the rotation of these servos’ steering gears lead to the robot’s behavior changes, and 12 servos corresponding to the human body sensing devices, other 5 servos used for the stability control of the robot combined with the pressure sensors. Based on this control structure, some pilot tests of the sensing device or servo have been done, the closed-loop position control mode has been chosen and the Kalman filter smoothing optimization method been used, the initial static walking control of the robot been realized. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i12. 3891
A DPM based object detector using HOG-LBP features

In this paper, we combine Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) in order to detect the cranium and its components; namely, the brain, eyes and mouth. Furthermore, Deformable Part Model (DPM) algorithm is paired with the AdaBoost for training and classification. We use a CT/PET database acquired from the National Biomedical Imaging Archive (NBIA) in order to train and test our solution.
Complementation by BCL2 and C-HA-RAS oncogenes in malignant transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts

The BCL2 (B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2) and C-HA-RAS oncogenes encode membrane-associated proteins of 26 and 21 kilodaltons, respectively. Although RAS proteins have long been known for their ability to bind and hydrolyze GTP, recent investigations suggest that BCL2 encodes a novel GTP-binding protein (S. Haldar, C. Beatty, Y. Tsujimoto, and C. M. Croce, Nature [London] 342:195-198, 1989). Cotransfection of BCL2 and HA-RAS oncogenes resulted in morphological transformation of early-passage rodent fibroblasts, rendering these cells tumorigenic in animals and enabling them to grow in semisolid medium. In contrast, cotransfection of BCL2 with oncogenes that encode nuclear proteins (E1A and C-MYC) did not produce malignant transformation, whereas HA-RAS did complement with these genes. These findings suggest that proteins encoded by oncogenes such as BCL2 and HA-RAS, although having similar subcellular locations and perhaps similar biochemical properties, can regulate distinct complementary pathways involved in cellular transformation.
A Fully GPU-Implemented Rigid Body Simulator

In this paper we study how to implement a fully GPU-based rigid body simulator by programming shaders for every phase of the simulation. We analyze the pros and cons of different approaches, and point out the bottlenecks we have detected. We also apply the developed techniques to two case studies, comparing them with the analogous versions running on CPU.
High-dose-rate Three-dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy Combined with Active Breathing Control for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of Early-stage Non-small-cell Lung Cancer

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of using high-dose-rate three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) combined with active breathing control (ABC) for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eight patients with early-stage NSCLC underwent CT scans under standard free-breathing (FB) and moderately deep inspiration breath-hold (mDIBH) with ABC. Two high-dose-rate 3D-CRT plans (1000 Mu/min) were designed based on the CT scans with FB and mDIBH. The maximal dose (D1%), minimal dose (D99%), conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI) of the planning target volume (PTV), and dose-volume indices of the organs at risk between each plan were compared. The mean PTV volume decreased from 158.04 cm3 with FB to 76.90 cm3 with mDIBH (p < 0.05). When mDIBH was used, increases in the affected lung volume (by 47%), contralateral lung volume (by 55%), and total lung volume (by 50%) were observed compared to FB (p < 0.05). The V5–V40 of the affected lung (Vx represented the percentage volume of organs receiving at least the x Gy), V5–V40 and the mean dose for the total lung, V5–V40 and mean dose of the chest wall, and the maximum dose of the spinal cord were less for mDIBH than FB (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in CI, HI, D1%, or D99% for the PTV between the plans. In conclusion, high-dose-rate 3D-CRT combined with ABC reduced the radiation dose to the lungs and chest wall without affecting the dose distribution in SBRT of early-stage NSCLC patients.
Revenue Management vs. Newsvendor Decisions: Does Behavioral Response Mirror Normative Equivalence?

We study and compare decision‐making behavior under the newsvendor and the two‐class revenue management models, in an experimental setting. We observe that, under both problems, decision makers deviate significantly from normative benchmarks. Furthermore, revenue management decisions are consistently higher compared to the newsvendor order quantities. In the face of increasing demand variability, revenue managers increase allocations; this behavior is consistent with normative patterns when the ratio of the selling prices of the two customer segments is less than 1/2, but is its exact opposite when this ratio is greater than 1/2. Newsvendors' behavior with respect to changing demand variability, on the other hand, is consistent with normative trends. We also observe that losses due to leftovers weigh more in newsvendor decisions compared to the revenue management model; we argue that overage cost is more salient in the newsvendor problem because it is perceived as a direct loss, and propose this as the driver of the differences in behavior observed under the two problems.
CD8 Expression in a Case of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with Trisomy 12

We report a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) with aberrant expression of the T-cell-associated antigen CD8, as revealed by two-color flow-cytometric analysis. DNA studies showed immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement, but not of γ-chain T-cell receptor, confirming the B-cell origin of the neoplastic cells. Ploidy analysis showed a tetraploid population and high S-phase fraction. B-CLL cells also carried trisomy 12, detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The identification of more cases with the same features would be necessary to establish the prognosis of this subtype of B-CLL.
Connectivity-Aware Task Outsourcing and Scheduling in D2D Networks

With the flourishing of smart mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets), development of mobile cloud computing has received more and more attentions from both industry and academia. Compared with the traditional way of executing large- scale computational tasks on powerful desktop computers and the cloud, mobile cloud computing is featured by the ubiquitous availability, flexibility, and low-cost. However, this feature also brings challenges when we build the satisfactory mobile computing system. First, the computational power on a mobile device is not comparable with that on a personal computer such that many computation-intensive tasks cannot be independently handled by mobile devices. Second, offloading computational tasks to the cloud introduces additional monetary costs (e.g. wireless communication cost, computational service cost), which may be pricy for users. In this paper, we propose a novel connectivity- aware task scheduling paradigm to enable mobile device users to accomplish computation-intensive tasks cooperatively in the device-to-device (D2D) network by incorporating the "fog" - aggregate of computational powers in the ad-hoc. A supernode at the base station is responsible for scheduling cooperation tasks based on user mobility. To further enhance the quality of experience (QoE) for the users, we propose a lightweight heuristic algorithm to perform task scheduling to ensure low cooperative task execution time. Simulation results show that our cooperative paradigm efficiently reduces the average task execution time for mobile device users in the D2D network.
The influences of nitric oxide, epinephrine, and dopamine on vascular tone: dose-response modeling and simulations.

INTRODUCTION Sodium Nitroprusside has successfully been an excellent choice when considering a decrease in systemic vascular resistance in the critical care setting. However, reflex tachycardia and ventilation-perfusion mismatch are possible side effects of this agent. To maintaining cardiac output, cerebral perfusion pressure, and concurrently drop SVR, low-dose epinephrine or dopamine are viable options. The aim of this paper is to conduct dose-response simulations to identify the equivalent dopamine, epinephrine, and nitroprusside infusion doses to decrease the systemic vascular resistance by 20% and by 40% from baseline resting values. METHODS Three studies were identified in the literature with reported epinephrine, dopamine, and sodium nitroprusside infusion doses with corresponding systemic vascular resistance responses. Infusion doses were normalized to mcg/kg/min and SVR values were normalized and scaled to the percent decrease (%SVR) in SVR from baseline resting values. The original published studies were mathematically modeled and the Hill equation parameters used for further dose-response simulations of a virtual population. One-hundred patients were simulated various doses resulting in corresponding %SVR responses for each of the three drugs. RESULTS Equivalent infusion doses achieving in an approximate 20-25% decrease in SVR, from baseline, were identified for epinephrine, dopamine, and sodium nitroprusside. Moreover, equivalent infusion doses were identified for epinephrine and nitroprusside to decrease the SVR by 40% from baseline. CONCLUSION Even though sodium nitroprusside is traditionally used in decreasing SVR, low doses of dopamine or epinephrine are viable alternatives to patients with contraindications to nitroprusside infusions or who will require prolonged infusions to avoid toxicity. The multiple comparisons procedure-modeling approach is an excellent methodology for dose-finding exercises and has enabled identification of equivalent pharmacodynamic responses for epinephrine, dopamine, and sodium nitroprusside through mathematic simulations.
Interaction between the Innate and the Acquired Immune System following Infection of Different Mouse Strains with Leishmania major a

Leishmania are intracellular parasites of macrophages that cause a diverse range of diseases, from nonapparent infections to fatal visceral disease. Whether infected individuals heal depends on attributes of both the host and the species or strain of Leishmania. Murine models of cutaneous leishmaniasis have been studied extensively over the last decade in order to identify some of these host and parasite factors. ' One of the principal findings is that the nature of the CD4' Th cell subset that develops determines if mice are able to heal or control their infections. * CD4' Thl cells, which mediate cell-mediated immunity, are the primary cell type associated with protection. Thus, C3WHeN and C57BL/6 mice infected with L. major develop a dominant Th 1 response characterized by high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-y) and little or no interleukin-4 (IL-4), and cutaneous lesions in these mice eventually heal.3. 4 In contrast, infection with L. major in BALBk mice is associated with a predominant CD4' Th2 response characterized by the production of IL-4, and the disease is ultimately fatal. The inability of mice to heal, however, is not always associated with a dominant Th2 response, but it can in some cases be associated with the absence of a sufficient Thi response. For example, L. amazonensis infection in C57BUi0 mice fails to heal, whereas L. major infections in the same mouse strain resolve? The cytokine response in the L. amazonensis-infected B 10 mice is characterized by low levels of both IFNy and IL-4, whereas cells from B10 mice infected with L. major produce high levels
Assessment of Quantum Annealing for the Construction of Satisfiability Filters

Satisfiability filters, introduced by S. A. Weaver et al. in 2014, are a new and promising type of filters to address set membership testing. In order to construct satisfiability filters, it is necessary to find disparate solutions to hard random $k$-SAT problems. This paper compares simulated annealing, simulated quantum annealing and walkSAT, an open-source SAT solver, in terms of their ability to find such solutions. The results indicate that solutions found by simulated quantum annealing are generally less disparate than solutions found by the other solvers and therefore less useful for the construction of satisfiability filters.
Using Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Exercise Behavior among South Asian College Students

South Asian populations, specifically those of Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic origin, have the lowest levels of physical activity compared to any other ethnic group in the US. Evaluating the predictors of exercise among South Asians is necessary to implement an intervention to reduce the high prevalence of diabetes and coronary heart disease among this population. This study assessed the exercise levels of South Asian college students using constructs of the social cognitive theory through a web-based (Survey Monkey™) survey. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was measured revealing all sub-scales to be above 0.80, proving good to excellent internal consistency. Correlation coefficient was measured for each subscale through test-retest reliability (correlation significant at the 0.01 level). Statistical analysis of the 58 South Asian college student’s responses revealed that only self-efficacy was predictive of exercise behavior (R2=0.082). Low scores for social support, self-efficacy to overcome barriers and exercise goals was also found. The majority of the respondents were first generation (81.5%), Indian (94.4%), graduate level (92.6%) immigrants. Neither gender (p=0.355) nor immigration (p=0.885) were found to act as covariates for exercise levels. This data suggests that by increasing self-efficacy among South Asian college students to participate in particular exercises may increase their exercise levels, but low scores for many of the constructs suggests a need to further explore predictors of exercise among this population.
Design of the forced water cooling system for a claw pole transverse flux permanent magnet synchronous motor

This paper presents a detailed finite element analysis-based design procedure of the forced water cooling system for a low voltage claw pole transverse flux permanent magnet motor (TFPM), which is used in marine propulsion systems. Iron and copper losses density distributions are obtained using commercial finite element method software JMAG 10.5. Surface water cooling system, with spiral cooling ducts passing through the aluminum hosing of the stator, is chosen as the proper cooling system. To prevent any thermal and electrical unbalanced situation, for each phase separate water input and output are considered. Dimensions of the cooling ducts, as well as the velocity of water flowing through these ducts are calculated in a way that makes the water flow completely turbulent, having the right speed for cooling purposes. Number of required cooling ducts for an acceptable temperature distribution, below the thermal limits of motor, is determined by finite element thermal analysis. To consider the worst case scenario, a number of assumptions are made in the thermal analysis of the motor.