Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Subject - Adapting Observer with push model and filters to handle divergent update needs

The OBSERVER design pattern is one of the most widely used patterns from the original GoF book [1]. With the proliferation of mobile devices in worklife and information systems serving data to such devices is paramount to maintaining data integrity in a work process. The idiosyncracies of mobile devices have placed new requirements on the mechanisms for updating resource limited clients with an OBSERVER style solution. This work provides an adapted pattern named INTELLIGENT SUBJECT that allows for a SUBJECT side filtering mechanism to avoid propagating all updates to all OBSERVERS if the cost of notification is high. This cost could be either due to resource or network constraints. OBSERVERS define threshold values, and are only notified when the data value is changed beyond their individual threshold. The pattern introduces slightly more complexity, but allows for a separation of concerns on the SUBJECT side and a life of blissful ignorance on the OBSERVER side.
Effect of Ketoconazole on the Initial Stages of Germ Tube Formation by Strains of Candida albicans

Summary: The effect of therapeutic concentrations of ketoconazole on the initial stages of germ tube formation of asynchronous cells of three Candida albicans strains was compared in Eagles Minimal Essential Medium (EMEM) and human serum. Germ tube formation after incubation for 3h at 37°C in drug free medium was found to be strain and incubation medium dependent. Ketoconazole did not influence conversion from the blastospore to the hyphal form of cells in human serum. In EMEM, marked variation in germination among strains was evident although not influenced by ketoconazole. Individual strains demonstrated similar patterns of byphal formation in all serum specimens obtained over 48h from human subjects who had received either 200 or 400 mg ketoconazole as single oral doses.
Power Control technique for High Speed Downlink Packet Access system

In this paper a Power Control technique for the High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) system is proposed and compared to the UMTS-standard technique. In addition to compensating the propagation losses (distance-loss, shadowing and fast fading), the proposed technique adapts the signal-to-cochannel interference ratio (C/I) to be in the required range. The power control algorithm uses a predefined C/I threshold (C/I_th) specific for each service and data rate. When the measured C/I of the user equipment is above (lower) than the C/I_th, the decrease (increase) of power is ordered adaptively depending on the difference between the two values. The two techniques were evaluated by simulation in the framework of the project IST-FITNESS (IST-2000-30116, Fourth-generation Intelligent Transparent Networks Enhanced through Space-time Systems), where an effective software platform simulating the HSDPA network was developed. The numerical results quantitatively outline the benefits on system performance, for each technique, achieved in terms of average transmitted power and outage probability of C/I versus velocity.
Evaluation of dislocation energy in thin films

Evaluation of dislocation energy in thin films R.A. Coppeta, D. Holec, H. Ceric & T. Grasser a Institute for Microelectronics, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Wien, Austria. b Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. c Christian Doppler Laboratory for Reliability Issues in Microelectronics at the Institute for Microelectronics, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Wien, Austria. Published online: 12 Jan 2015.
Mixed up with machine translation: multi-word units disambiguation challenge

With the rapid evolution of the Internet, translation has become part of the daily life of ordinary users, not only of professional translators. Machine translation has evolved along with different types of computer-assisted translation tools. Qualitative progress has been made in the field of machine translation, but not all problems have been solved. The current times are auspicious for the development of more sophisticated evaluation tools that measure the performance of specific linguistic phenomena. One problem in particular, namely the poor analysis and translation of multi-word units, is an arena where investment in linguistic knowledge systems with the goal of improving machine translation would be beneficial. This paper addresses the difficulties multi-word units present to machine translation, by comparing translations performed by systems adopting different approaches to machine translation. It proposes a solution for improving the quality of the translation of multi-word units by adopting a methodology that combines Lexicon Grammar resources with OpenLogos lexical resources and semantico-syntactic rules. Finally, it discusses how an ideal machine translation evaluation tool might look to correctly evaluate the performance of machine translation engines with regards to multi-word units and thus to contribute to the improvement of translation quality.
Characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe ral2 gene implicated in activation of the ras1 gene product

Mutations in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe ral2 gene cause a phenotype indistinguishable from that of the ras1-defective mutant. Using cloned ral2 DNA, we disrupted the chromosomal gene. The disruptants showed the same phenotype as the original ral2 isolates, i.e., they had spherical cells, had no detectable mating activity, and exhibited no response to the mating pheromone, but their vegetative growth was apparently normal. Sequence analysis of the ral2 gene suggests that it encodes a polypeptide of 611 amino acid residues whose predicted amino acid sequence shows no strong homology to any known protein. Either multiple copies or even a single copy of the ras1Val-17 allele, which is an activated form of ras1, restored rodlike cell morphology and ability to respond to the mating factor to ral2 mutants. These results suggest that the ral2 and ras1 gene products interact intimately and that the ral2 gene product is involved in activation of the ras1 protein in S. pombe.
2K-6 Cardiac In-Vivo Measurements Using Synthetic Transmit Aperture Ultrasound

This paper investigates the feasibility of acquiring cardiac images using synthetic transmit aperture (STA) ultrasound. Focusing in STA is done by beamforming all points in the image for every emission, creating a low-resolution image. The low-resolution images for each emission are summed, effectively achieving dynamic transmit and receive focusing. The purpose of this paper is to acquire in-vivo cardiac images using STA to investigate image quality and the effect of tissue motion. For the in-vivo experiments, a 3 MHz and a 3.5 MHz transducers were used with 64 and 128 elements, respectively, together with the RASMUS experimental ultrasound scanner. Both transducers have a pitch of half a wavelength. To ensure an adequate signal-to-noise ratio, a 20 μs non-linear frequency modulated chirp and a 7-element de-focused virtual source were used for transmission. The number of virtual sources used in each scan sequence is equal to the number of transducer elements. A pulse repetition frequency of 4500 Hz was used, allowing a frame rate of 78 and 39 frames/s for the 64 and 128 element transducer. As the heart walls move with a speed of up to 80 mm/s, a movement of the tissue of several wavelengths is possible during an STA scan sequence using 64 emissions. To investigate the possibility of reducing the susceptibility to tissue motion, a sparse scan sequence using only 9 virtual source emissions is used to reduce the required scan-time. A shorter scan sequence will reduce the tissue motion between the first and last emission, and allows a frame rate of up to 555 frames/s. The sparse sequence is interleaved with the full sequence to allow a better comparison between the two techniques. A measurement of a point spread phantom shows a FWHM for the full scan sequences of 1.29 mm and 0.66 mm for the 64 and 128 element transducers, and an average side-lobe level of -47.25 dB and -58.42 dB respectively. The sparse scan sequences have a FWHM of 1.24 mm and 1.10 mm for the 64 and 128 element transducers, and an average side-lobe level of -39.48 dB and -42.13 dB respectively. The four image sequences presented in this paper show a cross-section of the ventricle and atrium, where the walls of the ventricles and the atrioventricular valves are visible. The dynamic of the beating heart is visible during the recorded sequences. Distortions are seen in the images created by the full scan sequence, which are attributed to be caused by tissue motion. The images created by the sparse sequence show a reduced contrast, but also a reduction of the distortion caused by tissue motion.
More on the Kronecker Structured Covariance Matrix

In this article, the multivariate normal distribution with a Kronecker product structured covariance matrix is studied. Particularly focused is the estimation of a Kronecker structured covariance matrix of order three, the so called double separable covariance matrix. The suggested estimation generalizes the procedure proposed by Srivastava et al. (2008) for a separable covariance matrix. The restrictions imposed by separability and double separability are also discussed.
Single-Strand Annealing, Conservative Homologous Recombination, Nonhomologous DNA End Joining, and the Cell Cycle-Dependent Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Induced by Sparsely or Densely Ionizing Radiation

Abstract Frankenberg-Schwager, M. , Gebauer, A. , Koppe, C. , Wolf, H. , Pralle, E. and Frankenberg, D. Single-Strand Annealing, Conservative Homologous Recombination, Nonhomologous DNA End Joining, and the Cell Cycle-Dependent Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Induced by Sparsely or Densely Ionizing Radiation. Radiat. Res. 171, 265–273 (2009). The cell cycle-dependent relative contributions of error-prone single-strand annealing (SSA), error-free conservative homologous recombination (HR), and potentially error-prone nonhomologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) to repair simple (induced by 200 kV X rays) or complex (induced by 241Am α particles) DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in Chinese hamster ovary cells are reported for the first time. Cells of the parental cell line AA8 and its derivatives UV41 (SSA-deficient), irs1SF (HR-deficient) and V3 (NHEJ-deficient) were synchronized in G1 or in S phase, and survival responses after exposure to either type of radiation were measured. It is demonstrated for the first time that in G1-phase SSA is negligible for the repair of DSBs of various complexities. HR-deficient cells exposed to X rays or α particles in G1 phase show enhanced radiosensitivity, but this does not necessarily mean that HR is important in G1 phase. NHEJ appears to be the most important (if not the only) mechanism in G1 phase acting efficiently on simple DSBs, but complex DSBs are a less preferred target. In contrast to X rays, NHEJ-deficient cells show no cell cycle-dependent variation in sensitivity to α particles. Surprisingly, when these cells are exposed to X rays in G1 phase, they are even more sensitive compared to α particles. It is also shown for the first time that in S phase all three mechanisms play a role in the repair of simple and complex DSBs. A defect in SSA confers radiosensitivity to cells in S phase, suggesting that the error-prone SSA mechanism is important for the repair of specific simple and complex DSBs that are not a substrate for HR or NHEJ. The most important mechanism in S phase for the repair of simple and complex DSBs is HR. This is also emphasized by the finding that irs1SF cells, after complementation of their HR defect by human XRCC3 cDNA, show a greater radioresistance than parental cells, whereas resistance to mitomycin C is only partially restored. Complementation confers a greater resistance to α particles than X rays, suggesting an important role of HR, especially for the repair of complex DSBs. In S phase, NHEJ is more important than SSA for the repair of simple DSBs, but SSA is more important than NHEJ for the repair of complex DSBs.
Joint convergence of random quadrangulations and their cores

We show that a uniform quadrangulation, its largest 2-connected block, and its largest simple block jointly converge to the same Brownian map in distribution for the Gromov-Hausdorff-Prokhorov topology. We start by deriving a local limit theorem for the asymptotics of maximal block sizes, extending the result in \cite{BFSS}. The resulting diameter bounds for pendant submaps of random quadrangulations straightforwardly lead to Gromov-Hausdorff convergence. To extend the convergence to the Gromov-Hausdorff-Prokhorov topology, we show that exchangeable "uniformly asymptotically negligible" attachments of mass simply yield, in the limit, a deterministic scaling of the mass measure.
Spin Dynamics of the Magnetoresistive Pyrochlore Tl 2 Mn 2 O 7

Neutron scattering has been used to study the magnetic order and spin dynamics of the colossal magnetoresistive pyrochlore Tl_2Mn_2O_7. On cooling from the paramagnetic state, magnetic correlations develop and appear to diverge at T_C (123 K). In the ferromagnetic phase well defined spin waves are observed, with a gapless ($\Delta <0.04$ meV) dispersion relation E=Dq^{2} as expected for an ideal isotropic ferromagnet. As T approaches T_C from low T, the spin waves renormalize, but no significant central diffusive component to the fluctuation spectrum is observed in stark contrast to the La$_{1-x}$(Ca,Ba,Sr)$_x$MnO$_3$ system. These results argue strongly that the mechanism responsible for the magnetoresistive effect has a different origin in these two classes of materials.
Regulatory mechanisms, expression levels and proliferation effects of the FUS–DDIT3 fusion oncogene in liposarcoma

Fusion oncogenes are among the most common types of oncogene in human cancers. The gene rearrangements result in new combinations of regulatory elements and functional protein domains. Here we studied a subgroup of sarcomas and leukaemias characterized by the FET (FUS, EWSR1, TAF15) family of fusion oncogenes, including FUS–DDIT3 in myxoid liposarcoma (MLS). We investigated the regulatory mechanisms, expression levels and effects of FUS–DDIT3 in detail. FUS–DDIT3 showed a lower expression than normal FUS at both the mRNA and protein levels, and single‐cell analysis revealed a lack of correlation between FUS–DDIT3 and FUS expression. FUS–DDIT3 transcription was regulated by the FUS promotor, while its mRNA stability depended on the DDIT3 sequence. FUS–DDIT3 protein stability was regulated by protein interactions through the FUS part, rather than the leucine zipper containing DDIT3 part. In addition, in vitro as well as in vivo FUS–DDIT3 protein expression data displayed highly variable expression levels between individual MLS cells. Combined mRNA and protein analyses at the single‐cell level showed that FUS–DDIT3 protein expression was inversely correlated to the expression of cell proliferation‐associated genes. We concluded that FUS–DDIT3 is uniquely regulated at the transcriptional as well as the post‐translational level and that its expression level is important for MLS tumour development. The FET fusion oncogenes are potentially powerful drug targets and detailed knowledge about their regulation and functions may help in the development of novel treatments. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Is a "Fair" Price? Ethics as Sensemaking

Whereas the deliberative democracy approach to ethics seeks to bridge universalist reason and contextual judgment to explain the emergence of intersubjective agreements, it remains unclear how these two are reconciled in practice. We argue that a sensemaking approach is useful for examining how ethical truces emerge in equivocal situations. To understand how actors navigate through ethical complexity, we conducted an ethnographic inquiry into the multistakeholder practices of setting Fairtrade Minimum Prices. We offer three contributions. First, we develop a process model of ethics as sensemaking that explains how actors come to collectively agree on what is ethical in complex situations, even if no complete consensus arises. Second, our findings suggest that moral intuition and affect also motivate ethical judgment alongside moral reasoning. Third, an ethical sensemaking perspective explains some of the pitfalls actors confront in coping with ethical complexities in practice and how they attend to the challenges arising from stark inequalities in extreme contexts.
Functional analysis of novel mutations in a congenital disorder of glycosylation Ia patient with mixed Asian ancestry.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are caused by autosomal recessive mutations in genes affecting N-glycan biosynthesis. Mutations in the PMM2 gene, which encodes the enzyme phosphomannomutase (mannose 6-phosphate <--> mannose 1-phosphate), give rise to the most common form: CDG-Ia. These patients typically present with dysmorphic features and neurological abnormalities, cerebellar hypoplasia, ataxia, hypotonia, and coagulopathy, in addition to feeding problems. However, the clinical symptoms vary greatly. The great majority of known CDG-Ia patients are of European descent where the most common mutant alleles originated. This ethnic bias can also be explained by lack of global awareness of the disorder. Here we report an Asian patient with prominent systemic features that we diagnosed with CDG-Ia resulting from two new mutations in the PMM2 gene (310C --> G resulting in L104V and an intronic mutation IVS1-1G --> A). The latter mutation seems to result in lower mRNA levels, and the L104V has been functionally analyzed in a yeast expression system together with known mutations. The Filipino and Cambodian origins of the parents show that CDG-Ia mutations occur in these ethnic groups as well as in Caucasians.
Analysis of the cerebellar proteome in a transgenic mouse model of inherited prion disease reveals preclinical alteration of calcineurin activity

Inherited prion diseases are linked to insertional and point mutations in the prion protein (PrP) gene, which favor conversion of PrP into a conformationally altered, pathogenic isoform. The cellular mechanism by which this process causes neurological dysfunction is unknown. Transgenic (Tg) (PG14) mice express a mouse PrP homolog of a nine‐octapeptide insertion associated with an inherited prion disorder. These mice develop a progressive neurological syndrome characterized by ataxia and cerebellar atrophy due to synaptic degeneration in the molecular layer and massive apoptosis of granule neurons. To investigate the molecular events that may contribute to neurological dysfunction, we carried out a differential proteomic analysis of cerebella from Tg(PG14) mice at the preclinical, onset, and symptomatic phases of their neurological illness. 2‐D maps of cerebellar proteins from Tg(PG14) mice were compared to those obtained from age‐matched Tg(WT) mice that express wild‐type PrP and remain healthy. Proteins whose levels were significantly modified in at least one stage of the Tg(PG14) disease were identified by PMF. Analysis detected a preclinical decrease of the calcium/calmodulin‐dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) in granule neurons, suggesting that dysregulation of CaN activity induced by mutant PrP may be responsible for the cerebellar dysfunction in Tg(PG14) mice.
Identification of CRAMP, a Cathelin-related Antimicrobial Peptide Expressed in the Embryonic and Adult Mouse*

Cathelicidins are the precursors of potent antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in several mammalian species. Prior work has suggested that members of this gene family can participate in host defense through their antimicrobial effects and activate mesenchymal cells during wound repair. To permit further study of these proteins a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction approach was used to identify potential mouse homologs. A full-length 562-base pair cDNA clone was obtained encoding an NH2-terminal prepro domain homologous to other cathelicidins and a unique COOH-terminal peptide. This gene, namedCramp for cathelin-relatedantimicrobial peptide, was mapped to chromosome 9 at a region of conserved synteny to which genes for cathelicidins have been mapped in pig and man. Northern blot analysis detected a 1-kilobase transcript that was expressed in adult bone marrow and during embryogenesis as early as E12, the earliest stage of blood development. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction also detected CRAMP expression in adult testis, spleen, stomach, and intestine but not in brain, liver, heart, or skeletal muscle. To evaluate further the expression and function of CRAMP, a peptide corresponding to the predicted COOH-terminal region was synthesized. CD spectral analysis showed that CRAMP will form an amphipathic α-helix similar to other antimicrobial peptides. Functional studies showed CRAMP to be a potent antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting growth of a variety of bacterial strains (minimum inhibitory concentrations 0.5–8.0 μm) and by permeabilizing the inner membrane of Escherichia colidirectly at 1 μm. Antiserum against CRAMP revealed abundant expression in myeloid precursors and neutrophils. Thus, CRAMP represents the first antibiotic peptide found in cells of myeloid lineage in the mouse. These data suggest that inflammatory cells in the mouse can use a nonoxidative mechanism for microbial killing and permit use of the mouse to study the role such peptides play in host defense and wound repair.
Conflict-Free Parallel Memory Accessing Techniques for FFT Architectures

Speeding up fast Fourier transform (FFT) computations is critical for today's real-time systems targeting signal processing and telecommunication applications. Aiming at the performance improvement and the efficiency of FFT architectures, this paper presents an address generation technique which enables a radix-b processor to access in parallel b memory banks without conflicts during each stage's computations. Using kb memory banks at each stage leads to increasing the speedup of the algorithm by a factor of kb . The address generation can be realized in each radix-b stage by the use of lookup tables of size O(kb 2) bits. The proposed technique is cost efficient and leads to the design of FFT architectures of high speedup and high sustained throughput.
Psychometric Properties of an Adapted Version of the US Household Food Security Survey Module for Assessing Food Insecurity Among Low-Income Pregnant Latinas

This study examined the internal validity of an adapted version of the US Household Food Security Survey Module administered to a sample of 241 pregnant Latinas. A single-parameter logistic (Rasch) measurement model was used to assess the psychometric properties of the adapted module. Two of 14 questions examined did not fit within the acceptable range. The severity level of 12 of the 14 questions was similar across 2 time periods, before pregnancy and the previous month of pregnancy. These findings suggest that the adapted module is valid for use among pregnant Latinas, yet some items might not be applicable during pregnancy.
Antibiotic-lock therapy: a clinical viewpoint

Antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) – instillation of high concentrations of anti-microbial agent with or without anti-coagulant into the lumen of central venous catheters – is considered a valid conservative treatment for catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in patients highly dependent on maintaining the catheter. Results from randomized controlled studies have indicated that the effectiveness of ALT is moderate, but recent findings from experimental studies and observational case series point to considerable efficacy and safety of this therapy, which is usually associated with concomitant systemic treatment. In this article, the current knowledge about ALT for patients with CRBSI is reviewed and discussed, with emphasis on existing controversies and the results obtained according to the various uses of the catheters and the etiologies of infection.