Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lithium-ion Battery Life Cycle Prediction with Deep Learning Regression Model

This paper presents a data-driven regression model to predict the life cycle of lithium-ion battery. The model is built based on five different key features derived from discharging voltage, current, time, and skin temperature. These sets of data are commonly available in most Battery Management Systems (BMS), which makes the proposed regression model widely applicable to various battery systems. The five-key-feature-based battery model is evaluated and validated all through the paper and is proved to have high prediction accuracy of battery life cycles. The proposed regression model can be utilized for real-time life cycle prediction without the need of historical data.
Potential Use of Uniola paniculata Rhizome Fragments for Dune Restoration

Abstract Uniola paniculata (sea oats) rhizomes uprooted by hurricanes and deposited as wrack could be salvaged and replanted in dune restoration. To test this unexplored technique, percent tiller emergence was observed for 4 years from U. paniculata rhizomes replanted after submersion in seawater; air exposure of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days; freshwater rinse; and reburial in pots (watered) or on the beach (with or without supplemental water). In addition, U. paniculata rhizomes uprooted by Hurricane Georges were experimentally planted, and effects of soil salinity and moisture on emergence were tested in the greenhouse. Tiller emergence declined with increasing length of air exposure and decreasing size of rhizome. Tiller survival was enhanced by rainfall, rinsing with salt or fresh water during exposure and immediately after planting or supplemental beach watering. Although emergence was not reduced by soil salinity of 1,800 μS/cm, emergence was reduced by soil salinity of 5,800 μS/cm. Across the 4 years of the study tiller emergence from treated rhizomes varied considerably. U. paniculata rhizomes lost bud viability after 3–5 days of beach exposure, unless fresh water from rainfall, wet burlap storage, or watering was applied within 3 days. Bud viability was extended through 11 days when supplied with water. Thus, reburial within 3–11 days after a storm is a viable restoration technique.
A Single-Phase Five-Level Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverter

The five-level inverters are preferred solutions for medium-voltage PV applications because of lower total harmonic distortion (THD), lower switching stress and lower electromagnetic interference in contrast to two-level inverter topologies. In order to reduce the leakage current in the five-level inverter applications, a single-phase five-level transformerless inverter topology is proposed in this paper. The proposed inverter is based on an flying capacitor (FC) configuration and the voltage of FC can be balanced through the coordination of the two half-bridge within a switching period. Two bidirectional circuits are added to provide the new freewheeling paths when outputting zero voltage level. The mechanism of suppressing the leakage current is analyzed in detail with operational states and modulation strategy. A 1 kW prototype is also built and tested in the laboratory, the experimental results are finally presented to show the excellent performance in leakage current reduction.
Improved Modulation Strategy With Reduced Switching Loss for Single-Phase Three-Level T-Type Inverter

Single phase three-level T-type inverter (3LT2I)has revealed superior performances in many applications. However, it inevitably faces the challenge of high switching loss and imbalanced neutral point (NP) voltage with the conventional unipolar pulse-width modulation (PWM). To address these issues, an improved modulation strategy with reduced switching loss is proposed to reduce the switching loss and balance the NP voltage simultaneously. Firstly, a novel common mode component injection method is presented to generate P-type and N-type switching sequence based on the carrier based PWM (CB-PWM). With this method, the switch status of one leg is clamped during half of grid voltage fundamental period, so the switching loss is reduced. Then, to further reduce the switching power losses, a new switching function is proposed to realize only one switching status changing in a switching sequence. In addition, the NP voltage balance is maintained by selecting P-type or N-type switching sequence. Simulation and experiment have been conducted to verify the proposed modulation strategy.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Single-Transmitter Coupled Multi-Receiver IPT System for Maglev Trains

Inductive power transfer (IPT) is an effective energy supply option for maglev trains that currently depend on pantographs to obtain enough electricity. This paper demonstrates a multi-objective optimizing method of a single-transmitter coupled multi-receiver contactless charger for maglev trains. The 3D FE model is built to obtain parameters of the magnetic coupler, and the power loss model is given to calculate the loss and efficiency. Under the given restrictions and boundaries, a multi-objective optimization process of IPT coils for maglev trains is proposed based on Pareto optimal theory. High efficiency, high power density, and low cost are selected to be the design objectives. The arrangement of ferrite is included in the process to optimize coil design in an all-sided way. A reasonable optimal solution is selected from the Pareto fronts and its detailed information is given. A scale down single-transmitter coupled dual-receiver IPT system was constructed to verify the design considerations. The efficiency of the prototype reached 80% at the condition of 1kW output power with around 100V input voltage and 50V output voltage at the switching frequency of 85kHz.
A Single-Stage Rectifier with Interleaved Totem-pole PFC and Dual Active Bridge (DAB) Converter for PHEV/BEV On-board Charger

This paper proposes an on-board charger circuit which integrates an interleaved totem-pole PFC and a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter. The proposed on-board charger features single-stage conversion and a high level of components integration. In the course of an analytical investigation, the operation principle of the proposed charger is described. With this analytical expression, the pareto-front with regard to efficiency and volume for the proposed charger was calculated. The optimal design parameters were extracted, and 3.0 kW, 100 kHz prototype was constructed. Experimental results verify the working principle and the power density of 3.2 kW/L and the efficiency of 95.4% was achieved at rated power of 2.9 kW.
Interleaved Bidirectional Chopper With Auxiliary Converters for Battery Energy Storage Systems

A battery energy storage system that is placed inside a dc electric railway vehicle is equipped with a bidirectional chopper that has heavy and bulky inductors for current smoothing. High-voltage-side and low-voltage-side current smoothing inductors are responsible for most of the chopper volume and mass. This paper presents an interleaved bidirectional chopper with auxiliary converters for on-board battery energy storage systems that is capable of achieving a significant reduction in the mass and volume of the current-smoothing inductors. The proposed circuit consists of multiple interleaved sub-converters, where each sub-converter consists of a bidirectional chopper cell, a current-smoothing inductor at the low-voltage side, and an auxiliary converter that is formed by a cascade connection of multiple full-bridge cells. Each auxiliary converter is connected in series with its respective inductor to suppress the ac voltage component that produces current ripple in the inductor of each sub-converter; hence a much smaller inductor can be used to meet the current ripple requirement when compared with the conventional bidirectional chopper. In addition, auxiliary converters can be used as dc-circuit breakers to protect the low-voltage side against faults in the power devices of the bidirectional chopper cells. Furthermore, interleaving the sub-converters reduces filtering requirements for the high-voltage-side current and reduces the current-ripple factor of the low-voltage-side current. This paper discusses the operating principles and the control method of the proposed chopper, followed by experiments performed on a 150-V, 3-kW downscaled experimental model.
Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature‐grown red and sugar maple on gypsy moth performance

Few studies have investigated how tree species grown under elevated CO2 and elevated temperature alter the performance of leaf‐feeding insects. The indirect effects of an elevated CO2 concentration and temperature on leaf phytochemistry, along with potential direct effects on insect growth and consumption, may independently or interactively affect insects. To investigate this, we bagged larvae of the gypsy moth on leaves of red and sugar maple growing in open‐top chambers in four CO2/temperature treatment combinations: (i) ambient temperature, ambient CO2; (ii) ambient temperature, elevated CO2 (+ 300 μL L−1 CO2); (iii) elevated temperature (+ 3.5°C), ambient CO2; and (iv) elevated temperature, elevated CO2. For both tree species, leaves grown at elevated CO2 concentration were significantly reduced in leaf nitrogen concentration and increased in C: N ratio, while neither temperature nor its interaction with CO2 concentration had any effect. Depending on the tree species, leaf water content declined (red maple) and carbon‐based phenolics increased (sugar maple) on plants grown in an enriched CO2 atmosphere. The only observed effect of elevated temperature on leaf phytochemistry was a reduction in leaf water content of sugar maple leaves. Gypsy moth larval responses were dependent on tree species. Larvae feeding on elevated CO2‐grown red maple leaves had reduced growth, while temperature had no effect on the growth or consumption of larvae. No significant effects of either temperature or CO2 concentration were observed for larvae feeding on sugar maple leaves. Our data demonstrate strong effects of CO2 enrichment on leaf phytochemical constituents important to folivorous insects, while an elevated temperature largely has little effect. We conclude that alterations in leaf chemistry due to an elevated CO2 atmosphere are more important in this plant–folivorous insect system than either the direct short‐term effects of temperature on insect performance or its indirect effects on leaf chemistry.
Leakage Inductance Estimation of Toroidal Common-mode Choke from Perspective of Analogy between Reluctances and Capacitances

To reduce the volume and weight of differential-mode (DM) inductors, the leakage inductance of a toroidal common-mode (CM) choke is ofen used as partial DM inductance. However, the accurate prediction of the leakage inductance of CM chokes through an analytical model is difficult, making the determination of remaining DM inductance difficult. This paper proposes a modeling method with the analogy between reluctances (or magnetic fields) and capacitances (or capacitive fields). The proposed method is verified by the leakage inductance comparison between the proposed model and simulation results for two CM cores with different turns numbers and wire gauges, and it demonstrated the proposed model can achieve the errors within 15% compared with simulation results for all cases.
Direct Beamformer Estimation for Hybrid Architecture in mmWave Dynamic TDD System

The problem of weighted sum-rate maximization for hybrid architecture in millimeter wave communications with dynamic time division duplexing is considered. We propose an over the air pilot- aided direct beamforming estimation technique for the considered problem, by exploiting the channel reciprocity. Proper selection of analog precoder/combiner not only suppresses large part of interference, but also ensures that less coordination is required for digital precoder/combiner design. We design analog precoder/combiner for each data stream in such a way that its signal strength is maximized; this strategy also minimizes large part of inter-stream interference that may arise due to the main lobe of analog beamformer. Then we design digital beamformer such that inter-stream interference is further mitigated, maximizing the overall weighted sum-rate of the network.
A Simple Approach to Reject DC Offset for Single-Phase Synchronous Reference Frame PLL in Grid-Tied Converters

Synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) is widely used for grid voltage synchronization in single-phase grid-connected power converters. However, in the actual situation, dc offset component may be introduced in the input of the PLL, due to the transient fault of the power grid, sampling and measurement error, or A/D signal processing. A simple yet effective approach with additional all-pass filter based dc rejecter is presented for SRF-PLL, in this paper. Thereby, correct estimation and undesirable periodic ripple free can be achieved in SRF-PLL, when the input signal contains dc offset. The second order generalized integrator based PLL (SOGI-PLL) is first introduced, followed by the analysis on influence of the input dc offsets in SRF-PLL. The structure of enhanced-SOGI (ESOGI) with its analysis of dc offset rejection effects and performance have been then formulated in detail. Finally, experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ESOGI based PLL.
Application of PBSID and Structured $\mathrm{H}_{\infty}$ Methods in Unmanned Helicopter System Identification

This study focuses on the model identification problem of an unmanned helicopter. Two identification approaches are evaluated, a subspace method and a combined method. The work gives detailed analysis of time-domain and frequency-domain simulations. Results show that both approaches can match the time-domain and frequency-domain responses of the original data in a good degree. The combined method is reliable in extracting structured dynamic models.
Si-IGBT / SiC-MOSFET Hybrid Inverter Control Method for Reduced Loss and Switching Ripple

In this paper, a hybrid two-level voltage source inverter which utilizes a Si-IGBT as the high-side switch and a SiC-MOSFET as the low-side switch is suggested. Due to its uneven switch characteristics, proper discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) method is applied to reduce losses generated in the inverter effectively. In addition, variable switching frequency control method is proposed to reduce the switching ripple with the cost of low increase of losses. The suggested hybrid inverter is compared to the full Si-IGBT and full SiC-MOSFET inverters in the perspective of losses and ripples.
Maximizing Clearance Rate of Budget-Constrained Auctions in Participatory Mobile CrowdSensing

Mobile devices equipped with diverse sensors have emerged as ubiquitous data collection systems within the rising paradigm of Mobile CrowdSensing (MCS). In MCS, auctions are adopted as effective incentive mechanisms in order to secure an acceptable level of contribution from users in participatory MCS. Recent techniques in the literature have addressed several challenges in auctions-based task assignments in centralized MCS. In this research, towards effective task-participant matching, we focus on maximizing the number of completed tasks, the Clearance Rate (CR), which has not been addressed in the literature to date despite the impact it exercises on the satisfaction of service demanders. We propose new bidding procedures for the task allocation strategy. The proposed procedures generalize well to reputation-aware auctioning while handling practical scenarios experienced during campaigns with budget constraints. Particularly, we show that for campaigns that are held consecutively in time, the adoption of an intuitive look-back strategy, for budget transfer from previous campaigns, would remarkably influence the CR. Moreover, observing that tasks with a few bidders should be assigned a higher priority in order to get accomplished, we introduce a new factor for task redundancy. In addition to promoting the accomplishment of unpopular tasks, this factor spares the budget to accomplish more tasks by penalizing redundant task assignment. Extensive performance evaluation of the proposed methods is carried out under various system parameters, namely the number of tasks, auctions, and participants. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested procedures through a significant-and-consistent increase, that ranges from 50% – 500%, in the attained CR compared to the most recent techniques in the literature.
A High Frequency CLLLC Bi-directional Series Resonant Converter DAB Using an Integrated PCB Winding Transformer

A unique integrated printed circuit board winding transformer has been proposed in this paper to be used in a high efficiency, high power density capacitor-inductor-inductor-inductor-capacitor series resonant dual active bridge converter (CLLLC-SRes-DAB) and key design considerations for CLLLC-SRes-DAB are addressed. Winding structure, core arrangement of the series inductor and transformer, and the shape of heatsink are carefully designed in order to minimize core volume, transformer intra-winding capacitance (CTX), and eddy current losses caused by fringing flux near air gaps. A 6.6kW CLLLC-SRes-DAB prototype with a 500kHz series resonant frequency has been built to evaluate the performance of the proposed transformer. 98% peak efficiency is achieved in this 6.6kW CLLLC-SRes-DAB design.
Correction of Line-voltage Unbalance by the Decentralized Inverters in an Islanded Microgrid

A synchronous reference frame (SRF) based decentralized control architecture for parallel operation of inverters is proposed in this paper. The proposed control technique enables decentralized inverters to share the unbalanced load. Simultaneously any undesirable voltage unbalances at the inverter output terminal are compensated conforming to IEEE std 141-1993. Active (P) and reactive (Q) power droops are provided based on the positive sequence component (PSC) of the SRF currents, and a virtual resistance is emulated simultaneously at the inverter output to improve load sharing between the parallel-connected inverters. The proposed decentralized control technique functions based on inverter terminal data eliminating any requirement inter-communication networks. The creation of current based P/Q-droops and emulation of virtual resistance are integrated by three basic control loops – voltage control, frequency control, and a PLL control. The control structure is simple and free from any computational complexities and associated delays as it is designed to operate in the SRF. The negative sequence component (NSC) of the output voltage is compensated using a closed-loop resonant controller. The feasibility of the proposed approach is validated through comprehensive experimental results on a laboratory test prototype.
Decoupling control of modular WPT systems

Modularization is a cost-effective way to realize high- power wireless power transfer. However, the cross couplings among different coil modules affect the power flow of the system and thus, the control of the system becomes a main challenge. In this paper, a decoupling control method for modular WPT systems is proposed. The instantaneous currents of each coil module are processed and injected into the control loop, which eliminates the cross coupling effects and enable individual output control for each coil module. Two-module and four-module WPT systems are taken as examples, which are compared with the traditional PI control method. The simulation results are given to verify the proposed method and the influence of current detection deviation on the result is analyzed. Eventually, the effect of module spacing on the size of cross coupling is studied.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Wavelet-Packet-Based Features in Pathological Diagnosis of Alzheimer Using Spontaneous Speech Signals

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ranks among the main types of neurodegenerative disorders. Patients suffering AD should tackle serious problems since their language skills malfunction. The impact of such disorders is reflected by reduced quality and feature variation of spontaneous speech signals in speech analysis. This paper aims at assessing the variations of some specific types of these energy- and entropy-based features within the frequency range of the speech signals. In the approach followed, the wavelet-packet coefficients are utilized to extract the energy and entropy measures at every spectral sub-band in six successive levels of decomposition. However, the decomposition process conducts a set of high-dimensional feature vectors that is a challenging task for feature selection. This study suggests the application of a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) for enhancing a group of the sub-band indexes of a wavelet-packet for which the extracted features lead to the highest diagnosis rate of the grouping of Alzheimer’s and healthy individuals. The technique proposed here showed that the best overall classification results for both optimized entropy feature vs. energy are more noticeable in discriminating patients with AD from healthy subjects. It is also confirmed the significant impact of multi-objective feature selection on performance of classification (i.e., disease diagnosis) and, its conformity to the disordered nature of the biological signals could help diagnose AD in an efficient manner.
A Novel High Step-up Three-Port Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for PV-Battery Integrated System

In this paper, a new high step-up non-isolated three- port DC-DC converter (HS-NITPC) is proposed. The converter is designed to integrate a solar panel with battery storage in order to boost its voltage, reduce the effect of solar energy intermittency and enhance solar power performance under unpredictable load demand. The converter combines three converters to form one integrated converter by sharing some components. Thus, the converter has high power density and fewer components compared to the traditional DC-DC converters. The coupled inductor is used to achieve a high output regulated voltage, transfer energy among the ports and facilitate maximum power point tracking for the solar panel. A hardware prototype was built and tested to verify the proposed circuit for 180 W input power. The proposed converter is suitable for stand-alone or grid- connected solar system. Moreover, it could be used in the electric vehicle where the regenerative braking is used.
Runtime Monitoring of Software Execution Trace: Method and Tools

As with the extensive use of complex software in many fields, such as finance, transportation, aeronautics, and astronautics, software plays an increasingly more important role in society. Software reliability becomes a critical bottleneck for system reliability and draws increasingly greater attention from software engineers. Many researchers find that traditional software verification and validation techniques are not sufficient to ensure complex software reliability, especially after being deployed. In this paper, therefore, we propose a novel software runtime monitoring method that can help with software runtime verification and software failure prediction. This method aims to monitor software execution trace that reveal the software runtime status. First, the framework of this method is proposed to introduce the entire process and two key problems. Second, an instrumentation method based on srcML, an open source tool used to extract the software abstract syntax tree, is presented. By this instrumentation technique, monitoring code can be inserted into source code and runtime data can be exported during the software execution process. Then, a runtime data-collection technique is proposed to collect runtime data exported by monitoring code. On one hand, the file stream mechanism is used to export data files that can be used to support offline analysis, while on the other hand a client-server structure is proposed to support online analysis. Finally, a case study on Nginx is used to show the feasibility of the proposed method.