Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review

Abstract Hybrid entrepreneurship describes the engagement in self-employment activity while simultaneously holding a primary job in waged work. Because this phenomenon has received increasing scholarly attention in recent years, this study offers a first systematic literature review and uncovers both consensus and contradictions in the existing literature. Specifically, 43 papers were analyzed with respect to bibliographical information, research design and key results. We find that there is a missing consensus in applied nomenclatures, criteria and conception of hybrid entrepreneurship and a delineation of hybrid entrepreneurship from related concepts. As a result, alternative terminology is used to label the same phenomenon by different authors. Together, our study increases understanding of hybrid entrepreneurship by providing a holistic perspective of the phenomena and by offering avenues for future research.
Roles of Protein Synthesis Elongation Factor EF-Tu in Heat Tolerance in Plants

EF-Tu proteins of plastids, mitochondria, and the cytosolic counterpart EF-1α in plants, as well as EF-Tu proteins of bacteria, are highly conserved and multifunctional. The functions of EF-Tu include transporting the aminoacyl-tRNA complex to the A site of the ribosome during protein biosynthesis; chaperone activity in protecting other proteins from aggregation caused by environmental stresses, facilitating renaturation of proteins when conditions return to normal; displaying a protein disulfide isomerase activity; participating in the degradation of N-terminally blocked proteins by the proteasome; eliciting innate immunity and triggering resistance to pathogenic bacteria in plants; participating in transcription when an E. coli host is infected with phages. EF-Tu genes are upregulated by abiotic stresses in plants, and EF-Tu plays important role in stress responses. Expression of a plant EF-Tu gene confers heat tolerance in E. coli, maize knock-out EF-Tu null mutants are heat susceptible, and over-expression of an EF-Tu gene improves heat tolerance in crop plants. This review paper summarizes the current knowledge of EF-Tu proteins in stress responses in plants and progress on application of EF-Tu for developing crop varieties tolerant to abiotic stresses, such as high temperatures.
PERIPHYTIC DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES FROM HIGH ARCTIC PONDS 1

Epiphytic, epilithic, and surface sediment diatom assemblages were identified and enumerated from 35 study ponds on CapeHerschel (78°37″N, 74°42″W), east‐central Ellesmere Island, Canada. All the sites are shallow (maximum depth <2 m), clear, oligotrophic, and freshwater. The ponds freeze completely for 10 months of the year. Major ion concentrations are relatively similar among the 35 sites, although environmental gradients exist. Over 130 diatom taxa from 28 genera were identified in the periphyton samples. Marked differences in species composition were evident among the ponds. Moreover, many of the diatoms exhibited varying degrees of microhabitat specificity. Variance partitioning by canonical correspondence analysis showed that 26% of the total variance exhibited by diatom species composition could be accounted for by the measured environmental variables (i.e. 10.2% by habitat and 15.8% by water chemistry). Pondwater alkalinity best explained the distribution of taxa, and weighted averaging regression and calibration were used to develop a transfer function to infer pondwater alkalinity from the diatom assemblages. Other important environmental variables included [Na+] for the epilithic and [SiO2] for the epiphytic assemblages.
The environmental impact of intensive systems of animal production in the lowlands

Environmental issues, linked to the production of animals in lowland farming systems, are reviewed, using pigs, poultry and dairy cattle as examples. The principal livestock production factors influencing their environmental impact are identified as the balance between different farm animal types and the husbandry practices used for these species, the variable potential which exists for the recycling of wastes and the modification of inputs to systems, the extent to which animal production can be integrated into more holistic farming systems and the impact of livestock on 'wildlife' (plant and animal) biodiversity. The production of large quantities of nitrogenous waste, resulting from the importation of large quantities of nitrogen to intensive animal production units, is identified as the major environmental problem for lowland animal production. The development of-systems which allow these waste products to be re-used at sites of primary crop production is seen as a sustainable solution to this problem.
Firing Activity of the Weakly-Electric Fish Marcusenius Macrolepidotus (Mormyridae, Teleostei): Logarithmic Repartition of Inter-Pulse Intervals, and Sequential Inequality Testing

The electric activity of mormyrid fish consists of short electric pulses, all identical, but separated by variable time intervals (inter-pulse interval or IPI). Temporal structures are here extracted from the sequence of IPIs, to show non-randomness in mormyrid electric signal. The electric activity of isolated Marcusenius macrolepidotus is comparable to that of other mormyrids. The pulse waveform is biphasic and symmetrical, it lasts 0.3 to 0.5 ms and its amplitude is about 13 volts. The pulses follow each other with extremely variable IPIs (14-500 ms) with large instantaneous variations. Two new methods of analysis have been developed here. The first is based on the fact that when IPIs are grouped in populations, longer IPI populations have a wider range than shorter ones, a lognormal rather than a normal distribution. The IPIs are therefore classified according not to absolute- but to relative differences: binwidths are in percent, not in milliseconds. The second, non-parametric method (sequential inequality testing), was first used for neurone firing activity. It considers the sign (+ or -) of the difference between successive IPIs, and compares the sequence of these signs with a theoretical random model. When M. macrolepidotus is resting, the sequence of longer and shorter IPIs is not random, as shown by redundancies of patterns of + and - signs. These redundancies and the IPI populations are typical for each individual. When the fish increases its locomotor activity (either spontaneously for a few seconds, or provoked over more than 20 s) the IPIs are shorter. The patterns of + and - are different when the fish is swimming and when resting. Behavioral and electrophysiological data suggest that receiving conspecifics may recognize these rhythm features. The analysis methods developed here may be useful to other stochastic phenomena, such as neural firing activity.
Q methodological study on stakeholder involvement processes that support process use of evaluation in the Upper Regions, Ghana

This paper uses Q Methodology to ascertain the views of project staff on how they could be involved in evaluation in order to enhance process use. Structured interviews were conducted with twenty-five project staff who participated in two project evaluations within the context of participatory evaluation in Ghana. It emerged that the use of Q Methodology in evaluation studies enhances the mainstreaming of process use by helping to focus on the critical issues in participatory evaluation practice. Process use is enhanced when ample time is provided for intensive interaction with evaluation stakeholders from the formative stage of evaluation. Process use also requires evaluators to create an environment that is supportive of mutual interaction and closeness in working relations with stakeholders. The research concludes that process use in evaluation is attained through well-planned evaluation that gives voice to project staff and emphasises shared learning. The study recommends critical attention to active participation of project staff, group processes and shared learning, if process use is to be achieved by evaluation. Further research is needed to clarify which form(s) of stakeholder involvement in evaluations contributes more positively to process use.
COMPLEMENTARY GENES FOR HEIGHT INHERITANCE IN RELATION TO GIBBERELLIN PRODUCTION IN RICE PLANTS

Endogenous GA content was examined in many dwarf mutants of rice. Several mutants were found to produce very limited amounts of GAs. Complementary gene control of plant height and GA production was suggested in the results obtained by crossing GA-deficient dwarf mutant, Tan-ginbozu, with another dwarf mutant, Dee-geo-woo-gen. The latter mutant produced limited amounts of GAs. This cross resulted in tall F1 plants which produced normal level of GAs. Analysis of GA production in F2 plants in relation to their plant height clearly showed the existence of complementary genes for GA production.
Higher Education Students’ Voice in Experiencing Problem Based Learning

This paper is aimed at describing the students’ perception of the implementation of problem-based learning during the Materials Development course in the eve semester 2018. The participants were 58 students of English pre-service teachers. The data were collected through the 58 reflective writings at the end of the course, and the observation recording during the group discussion. Through qualitative analysis, there are five positive themes, and two negative themes found in the reflective writings. This study found that among three characteristics of Problem based learning, most of the students perceived positively in stimulating critical thinking and devoting authentic experiences. Whereas, there are also some students who perceived problem-based learning as challenging, especially in technical obstacles such as; the appearing of the lecturer’s stress during discussion session; not engaging friends in a group.
Effect of KCl and soy protein concentrations on the performance of bipolar membrane electroacidification

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various combinations of initial concentrations of soy protein concentrate (SPC) (15, 30, and 60 g/L) and KCl (0.06, 0.12, and 0.24 M) on the efficiency of electroacidification technology. This procedure is derived from electrodialysis. Bipolar membrane electroacidification (BMEA) is based on the production of protons by dissociation of water molecules at the interface of membranes called bipolar membranes. The protons generated by this dissociation are able to migrate toward the cathode and acidify a protein solution. At the end of the process at pH 4.5, BMEA yields a protein precipitation of about 93% of total protein in the electroacidified solution. The SPC concentration is the primary factor in the adjustment of the system to optimum energy efficiency, by its intrinsic potassium content. Added salt affects the performance only at low SPC concentration. Increasing the SPC concentration from 15 to 60g/L and the KCl concentration from 0.06 to 0.24 .
COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF ARTEMISIA JUDAICA, A. HERBA-ALBA AND A. ARBORESCENS FROM LIBYA

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Artemisia judaica L. , Artemisia herba- alba Asso. and Artemisia arborescens L. (cultivated) from Libya, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antimicrobial properties were determined using the broth microdilution method against eight bacterial species: Bacillus cereus (clinical isolate), Micrococcus flavus (ATCC10240), Listeria monocytogenes (NCTC7973), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC35210), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC13311), Entero- bacter cloacae (human isolates) and eight fungal species: Aspergillus niger (ATCC6275), A. ochraceus (ATCC12066), A. versicolor (ATCC11730), A. fumigatus (ATCC1022), Penicillium ochrochloron (ATCC9112), P. funiculosum (ATCC10509), Trichoderma viride (IAM5061) and Candida albicans (human isolate). The major constituents of A. arborescens oil were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (47.4%). Oxygenated monoterpenes were the dominant constituents in the A. judaica and A. herba-alba oils (54.2% and 77.3%, respectively). Camphor (24.7%) and chamazulene (20.9%) were the major components in the essential oil of A. arborescens, chrysanthenone (20.8%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (17.6%) and cis-thujone (13.6%) dominated in the A. herba-alba oil, and the major constituents in the A. judaica oil were piperitone (30.21%) and cis-chrysanthenol (9.1%). The best antimicrobial activity was obtained for A. judaica oil and the lowest effect was noticed in A. arborescens oil. The effect of the tested oils was higher against Gram (+) than Gram (-) bacteria. All three oils showed the best antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and the lowest against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, compared to streptomycin and ampicillin. All three oils showed better antifungal activities than ketoconazole, except A. arborescens oil against Aspergillus niger.
Parameterization of a hydrologic model with geophysical data to simulate observed subsurface return flow paths

A portion of water not consumed by crops during flood irrigation can flow back across the surface or through the subsurface to adjacent surface water bodies and streams as return flow. Few studies have directly addressed subsurface processes governing return flow and the importance of structural complexity on hydrologic process representation. It is challenging to measure and model these subsurface flow paths using traditional hydrologic observations. In this study, we assess the impact of subsurface structural complexity on vadose zone flow representation in a two‐dimensional transport model by varying structural complexity derived from background geophysical data. We assessed four model structures each with three soil types of homogeneous hydrologic properties, two of which were evaluated with and without an anisotropy factor. Wetting front arrival times, derived from time‐lapse electrical resistivity measurements during flood irrigation field experiments, were used to evaluate the different representations of soil profile structures. These data indicated both vertical and lateral preferential flow in the subsurface during flood irrigation. Inclusion of anisotropy in the saturated hydraulic conductivity field improved the ability to model subsurface hydrologic behavior when flow processes shifted from uniform to heterogeneous flow, as occurs with lateral subsurface return flow under flood irrigation driven by a large pressure gradient. This reduced the need for detailed spatial discretization to represent these observed subsurface flow processes. The resulting simple three‐layer model structure was better able to model both the vertical and lateral flow processes than a more complex geospatial structure, suggesting that overinterpretation of smoothed inverted profiles could lead to misrepresentation of the subsurface structure.
THE EFFECTS OF DESIGN AND OPERATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF HOSEPIPES AS WATER COLUMN SAMPLERS FOR PHYTOPLANKTON

SUMMARY The efficiency of 5 different hosepipe samplers in providing representative water column samples was tested by comparing the chlorophyll a concentrations in these samples with those obtained by integrating discrete depth samples collected with a Van Dorn sampler, in two hypertrophic South African reservoirs (Hartbeespoort and Rietvlei Dams). The data and observations demonstrated that sampling efficiency increased with: (a) increasing hosepipe diameter from 18 mm to 63 mm; (b) a reduction in the mass of the basal weight to the minimum necessary to straighten the tube plus streamlining the weight to minimize bow-wave effects; and (c) correct deployment and storage of the hosepipe. The discrepancies in chlorophyll a concentrations between samples collected with poorly-designed hosepipe samplers and integrated discrete-depth samples were larger when cyanobacteria dominated the phytoplankton than when diatoms or green algae were dominant. Therefore, where hosepipe samplers are to be used in eutrophic .
Knockout of the α2 but Not α1 5′-AMP-activated Protein Kinase Isoform Abolishes 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranosidebut Not Contraction-induced Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle*

We investigated the importance of the two catalytic α-isoforms of the 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and contraction-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Incubated soleus and EDL muscle from whole-body α2- or α1-AMPK knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were incubated with 2.0 mm AICAR or electrically stimulated to contraction. Both AICAR and contraction increased 2DG uptake in WT muscles. KO of α2, but not α1, abolished AICAR-induced glucose uptake, whereas neither KO affected contraction-induced glucose uptake. AICAR and contraction increased α2- and α1-AMPK activity in wild type (WT) muscles. During AICAR stimulation, the remaining AMPK activity in KO muscles increased to the same level as in WT. During contraction, the remaining AMPK activity in α2-KO muscles was elevated by 100% probably explained by a 2–3-fold increase in α1-protein. In α1-KO muscles, α2-AMPK activity increased to similar levels as in WT. Both interventions increased total AMPK activity, as expressed by AMPK-P and ACCβ-P, in WT muscles. During AICAR stimulation, this was dramatically reduced in α2-KO but not in α1-KO, whereas during contraction, both measurements were essentially similar to WT in both KO-muscles. The results show that α2-AMPK is the main donor of basal and AICAR-stimulated AMPK activity and is responsible for AICAR-induced glucose uptake. In contrast, during contraction, the two α-isoforms seem to substitute for each other in terms of activity, which may explain the normal glucose uptake despite the lack of either α2- or α1-AMPK. Alternatively, neither α-isoform of AMPK is involved in contraction-induced muscle glucose uptake.
Magnetic core loss behavior at high fields in magnetic materials

Many induction heating coils use soft magnetic composite materials (SMCs) to improve induction system performance. In demanding induction heating applications, the core loss in the soft magnetic composite material is one of the critical factors in predicting the reliability of the induction coil using computer modelling. In this paper we have used calorimetry method for experimentally determining core losses in SMCs up to ≈1 T magnetic flux densities at a frequency near 150 kHz. This paper contains a discussion on the limitations of current methods for calculating core losses. To address these limitations, a new method for calculating core losses is presented. Using the new method, the results of the core loss measurement did not fit well with traditional core loss models over the full range of magnetic flux densities. A discussion on the different models and a hypothesis for the source of the variation from the models is presented. INTRODUCTION SMCs are used on many different types of induction heating coils. One of the important factors in the design and optimization of a reliable induction heating coil is the accurate calculation of power losses in the soft magnetic composite materials. In order to properly model induction coils with SMCs, it is critical to understand the magnetic core loss behavior over the entire operating range of induction heating conditions. The source of heat generation or the magnetic core loss in SMCs can be divided into two main categories: Hysteresis losses (h) and eddy current losses. The eddy current losses can be further divided into individual particle eddy current losses (ipe), local eddy current losses (local) and global eddy current losses (global). The total power loss is the sum of these losses [1]. Ptotal = Ph + Pipe + Plocal + Pglobal (1) For proper characterization of a magnetic material, it is desirable to make a measurement of the non-geometry dependent components of core loss (hysteresis and individual particle eddy currents). Computer modeling software is appropriate for calculation of local eddy currents and global eddy currents in the core used on an induction heating coil. For many decades, empirical equations have been used to statistically fit the experimental data to provide estimates of core losses in the materials. In 1892, Steinmetz [2] proposed an equation to fit power loss with magnetic field, given by
Genetic variability of a forage bermudagrass core collection.

Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) is an important warm-season forage grass for the South and may have value as a bioenergy feedstock. The objective of this study was to measure the genetic relatedness among entries of the Cyn- odon clonal forage bermudagrass core col- lection and seven commercial forage cultivars using plant phenotype and molecular marker data from amplifi ed fragment length polymor- phisms. The collection was assessed for 22 phenotypic traits, including forage quality, plant architecture, growth habit, and ploidy level. Phenotypic variability was preserved in the for- age bermudagrass core collection constructed based on 21 phenotypic traits and ploidy lev- els. The majority of molecular marker polymor- phism observed was within phenotypic clusters (89.6%) and within the fi ve ploidy levels (94%), and STRUCTURE analysis indicated signifi - cant admixture. Overall, the combined genetic and phenotypic variability found within the ber- mudagrass core collection will aid in selection of parental crosses for mapping and potential quantitative trait loci discovery and to identify parental lines that may yield greater genetic gain in breeding for important traits.
Pico- and Nanophytoplankton Assemblages in a Subantarctic Ecosystem: The Strait of Magellan

Abstract Pico- (0.2–2 μm) and small (2–10 μm) nanophytoplanktonic assemblages were investigated along the Strait of Magellan at the beginning of the austral autumn. Three main areas were identified on the basis of hydrological data: an area characterised by high runoff from fjords, a divergence zone and an inland sea in the shallow eastern part of the channel (Paso Ancho). In the study area picophytoplankton abundance ranged from 8.10 × 105 to 3.28 × 107 cells L−1. Cyanobacteria outnumbered picoeukaryotes on average by one order of magnitude; however prokaryotes to picoeukaryotes ratios varied along the Strait. Nanophytoplankton (2.20 × 105 to 5.09 × 106 cells L−1) were mainly represented by cells 2–3 μm (60%, mean value). Picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton accounted respectively on average for 46% and 27% of the total chlorophyll a which ranged from 0.02 μg L−1 to 1.0 μg L−1 with a mean value of 0.32 μg L−1. Along the Strait phytoplankton displayed quite uniform size structure. Higher chlorophyll a concentrations were observed in the northernmost part of Paso Ancho where microphytoplankton was dominant, while lower chlorophyll a concentrations and lower prokaryotes: picoeukaryotes ratios (2 to 6) were found in the divergence zone.
The Oscillation of Photosynthetic Capacity in Lingulodinium polyedrum is not related to differences in RuBisCo, Peridinin or Chlorophyll a Amounts

We examined the rhythm of photosynthesis in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum to determine if the rhythms were due to changes in pigments levels or RuBisCo (ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) in cells exposed to either light : dark (12 :12 h) or constant dim light conditions. HPLC analyses detected no significant changes in peridinin nor chlorophyll a amounts. Although β-carotene showed a similar oscillation to photosynthetic capacity, this pigment comprises as low as 4% of the total carotenoids and therefore could not be responsible for this rhythm. Northern and Western blot analyses showed that RuBisCo transcripts and protein levels remain constant over the day. The results support the hypothesis that circadian changes in RuBisCo distribution inside individual chloroplasts accounts for the rhythm of carbon fixation in dinoflagellates.