Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical crack path assessments in failure investigations

This paper presents a case study in which identification of the controlling crack path was critical to identifying the root cause of the failure. The case involves the rupture of a 30-inch (0.76 m) natural gas pipeline in 2010 that tragically led to the destruction of a number of homes and the loss of life. The segment of the pipeline that ruptured was installed in 1956. The longitudinal seam of the segment that ruptured was supposed to have been fabricated by double submerged arc welding. Unfortunately, portions of the segment only received a single submerged arc weld on the outside, leaving unwelded areas on the inside diameter. Post-failure examination of the segment revealed that the rupture originated at one of these unwelded areas. Examination also revealed three additional crack paths or zones emanating from the unwelded area: a zone of ductile tearing, a zone of fatigue, and a zone of cleavage fracture, in that sequence. Initial investigators ignored the ductile tear, assumed the critical crack path was the fatigue component, and (incorrectly) concluded that the root cause of the incident was the failure of the operator to hydrotest the segment after it was installed in 1956. However, as discussed in this paper, the critical path or mechanism was the ductile tear. Furthermore, it was determined that the ductile tear was created during the hydrotest at installation by a mechanism known as pressure reversal. Thus the correct root cause of the rupture was the hydrotest the operator subjected the segment to at installation, helping to increase the awareness of operators and regulators about the potential problems associated with hydrotesting.
Evaluate of Antioxidant Enzymes Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase and Catalase Levels in Asthma Patients

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation which involves the interplay of different types of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the airway. The present study evaluates the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and Catalase levels. The results showed a significant increase (P˂0.05) in erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in asthmatic patients as compared to control group. While there were a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (P˂0.05) and Catalase (CAT) (P˂0.05) activities in patients as compared to control group, in accordance with age, severity, smoking and family history. But, there were no significant changes in the enzymes levels between males and females. The results indicated that antioxidant enzymes could play an important role in gen- environment interaction in complex lung disease such as asthma. Keywords: MDA: Malondialdehyde, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, GPx: Glutathione peroxidase, CAT: Catalase, ROS: Reactive oxygen species.
A spiral shaped slot as a broad-band slotted waveguide antenna

The utility of slotted waveguide antennas would be maximized if the bandwidth of the radiating elements matched that available in the waveguide. This was achieved using a spiral shaped slot cut through the broad-wall of a rectangular waveguide. The predicted total e-ciency and peak realized gain were relatively uniform across the entire bandwidth. The current distribution around the slot was predicted to be similar to that around a conventional, center fed, slot spiral antenna, indicating similarity of radiation mechanisms. Finally, the antenna patterns for spiral shaped slots in waveguides manufactured from copper and carbon flbre reinforced polymer (CFRP) were shown to be similar to that predicted.
An Economic Model of Strategic Electoral Rule Choice Under Uncertainty

We study electoral rule choice in a multi-party model where parties are office-motivated and uncertainty over the electoral outcome is present. We show that when all dominant parties (parties with positive probability of winning the elections) have sufficiently good chances of winning, then they agree to change the PR with a more majoritarian rule. We identify the exact degree of disproportionality of the new rule and we prove that it is increasing in the expected vote share of the minority parties (parties with zero probability of winning). The necessary and sufficient conditions for such collusion in favour of a majoritarian rule are: a) the high rents from a single-party government, b) sufficient uncertainty over the electoral outcome and c) ideological proximity of the dominant parties. Keywords: electoral reform, majority premium, single-party government, uncertainty, collusion.
Consumption Smoothing and the Welfare Cost of Uncertainty

When agents are unable to smooth consumption and have distorted beliefs about the likelihood of future income realisations, uncertainty about future states of the world has a direct effect on individual welfare. However, separating the effects of uncertainty from realised events and identifying the welfare effects of uncertainty both present a number of empirical challenges. Combining individual-level panel data from rural and urban Ethiopia with high-resolution meteorological data, we estimate the empirical relevance of uncertainty on objective consumption and subjective well-being. While negative income shocks affect both objective consumption measures and subjective well-being, greater income uncertainty only has an affect on subjective well-being. A one standard deviation change in income uncertainty is equivalent to a one standard deviation change in realised consumption. These results indicate that the welfare gains from further consumption smoothing are substantially greater than estimates based solely on consumption fluctuations.
Predicting gamma-ray burster redshifts from their prompt emission properties

This paper presents a study of the relation between gamma-ray burster redshift and several of its prompt emission properties (spectral lag, light curve variability, peak energy, rise time and the peak bolometric flux Pbol). Simple predictors of log(1 + z) in terms of Pbol and the other indicators are derived. The typical scatter in the relations is 0.13 dex. An illustrative application to observations of GRB 090423 (z ∼ 8) is given.
Review on Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Power Source and SPWM

The variable voltage variable frequency power source is an important issue in various power applications. This power sources are generated with the help of different PWM techniques and different controlling techniques according to application. For this type of power sources ac to dc converter and next dc to ac converter i.e. an inverter are required. This paper describes technique for single phase variable voltage variable frequency power source with SPWM.
Cassini ISS Mutual Event Astrometry of the Mid-sized Saturnian Satellites 2005-2012

We present astrometric observations of the Saturnian satellites Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione and Rhea from Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) narrow-angle camera (NAC) images. Image sequences were designed to observe mutual occultations between these satellites. The positions of satellite centres were estimated by fitting ellipsoidal shape models to the measured limbs of the imaged satellites. Spacecraft pointing corrections were computed using the UCAC2 star catalogue. We provide a total of 2303 astrometric observations, resulting in 976 pairs, the remainder consisting of observations of a single satellite. Mean residuals for the individual satellite positions relative to the SAT360 ephemeris were 4.3 km in the line direction and -2.4 km in the sample direction, with standard deviations of 5.6 and 7.0 km respectively, an order of magnitude improvement in precision compared to published HST observations. By considering inter-satellite separations, uncertainties in camera pointing and spacecraft positioning along with possible biases in the individual positions of the satellites can be largely eliminated, resulting in an order-of-magnitude increase in accuracy compared to that achievable using the individual satellite positions. We show how factors relating to the viewing geometry cause small biases in the individual positions of order 0.28 pixel to become systematic across the dataset as a whole and discuss options for reducing their effects . The reduced astrometric data are provided in the form of individual positions for each satellite, together with the measured positions of reference stars, in order to allow more flexibility in the processing of the observations, taking into account possible future advances in limb-fitting techniques as well as the future availability of more accurate star catalogues, such as those from the GAIA mission.
Comparing the responses of bryophytes and short-statured vascular plants to climate shifts and eutrophication

Summary Few experimental studies have tested how abundance and diversity of grassland bryophytes respond to global environmental changes such as climate shifts and eutrophication. Because bryophytes in grasslands are low-statured, and because plant height is a key functional trait governing plant responses to resource gradients, their responses to these factors could resemble those of better-studied small vascular plants. Alternatively, traits unique to bryophytes could lead to qualitatively different responses than those of small vascular plants. In a semi-arid Californian grassland system, where bryophytes are at relatively low abundance and their ecology has been little studied, we compared changes in cover and species richness of bryophytes and short-statured vascular plants in response to 5 years of experimental fertilization, springtime watering and fertilization + watering, which produced strong gradients in vascular plant biomass. Supporting our hypotheses, the cover and richness of both bryophytes and short vascular plants were negatively related to total community biomass and tall vascular plant cover, and declined in response to the fertilization + watering treatment, in which the cover of tall vascular plants most strongly increased. Two divergent responses were also observed as follows: watering alone increased the cover of bryophytes but not short vascular plants, while fertilization alone reduced the cover of short vascular plants but not bryophytes. Bryophytes and short-statured vascular plants in grasslands both may be expected to decline under projected global changes in climate and nutrient deposition that enhance total community biomass and competitive pressure. However, shifts in either precipitation or eutrophication regimes alone may have differential effects on bryophytes and short vascular plants in grasslands, and organism-specific plant functional traits must also be considered. A lay summary is available for this article.
Data report: semiquantitative determination of detrital input to ACEX sites based on bulk sample X-ray diffraction data

This data report extends the X-ray diffraction (XRD) work reported in the Expedition Reports section of this volume from ~200 samples to 1570 investigated bulk powder samples. The unique central Arctic Ocean samples of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Arctic Coring Expedition (Expedition 302), the first mission-specific platform expedition, were collected and prepared by different German groups and provided to the Central Laboratory for Crystallography and Applied Material Sciences (ZEKAM), Geosciences, University of Bremen. The data set reported here is special because all samples were measured on the same diffractometer using the same measurement settings, and the diffractograms were investigated by the same person. Therefore, the data set gives maximum continuity with the onshore party investigation. The Neogene sediments of the Arctic Ocean are dominated by detrital nonbiogenic material. The composition of fine-fraction silicates (clay minerals), the different SiO2 mineral phases, which dominate much of the Paleogene sections, and the diagenetic overprinting in the whole cores are best deciphered by XRD. Important paleoceanographic and diagenic information were deduced.
Motivation, Investment and Social-Interdependence of Second Language Learners

This qualitative case study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of Saudi adult learners of English as a second language (ESL) about what motivates them to learn English at a language school in the United Kingdom (UK). Motivation is widely considered to be an influential factor in second language acquisition (SLA), and it still draws increasing attention from theorists and practitioners. Despite significant contributions from psychological, sociopsychological and recent trends of process-oriented research there is still a marked lack of knowledge about the complexity of the context of learning and its impact on motivating students to learn English. Building on a tripartite theoretical lens grounded in Gardner’s (1981) socio-educational model, Nortons’ (2001) concept of investment and social interdependence theory, this research study aimed to bridge this gap and contribute more broadly to deepening our understanding about the socially constructed nature of motivation to learn a second language (L2). The findings revealed four interrelated factors that shape learners’ motivation to learn English in an L2 context. These are the second language learner, the school community, the social milieu, and other macro-context factors. Implications for language learners and language schools in the UK and elsewhere and future motivation research were explored.
Innovation and Interprovincial Income Inequality in China

China’s recent economic growth has turned the country into one of the major players in the global economy, however uneven distribution of its benefits has undermined social cohesion of the country and led to outburst of civil unrest. This paper explores to what extent can innovation and its diffusion help the provinces achieve within-region convergence on income. The study employs Two-Stage Least Squares and Spatial Durbin Models to elucidate differentiate the importance of different types of innovation on inter-provincial income inequality. The results emphasize the importance of innovation, rather than invention, for convergence of income, and underscore the harmful effect of migration restrictions. Document Type Thesis Distinguished Thesis yes Degree Name Bachelor of Arts (BA) Department or Program Business First Advisor Jeffrey Sundberg Second Advisor Darlene Jaffke Third Advisor Shiwei Chen Subject Categories International Business | International Economics This thesis is available at Lake Forest College Publications: http://publications.lakeforest. edu/seniortheses/96 Lake Forest College Archives Your thesis will be deposited in the Lake Forest College Archives and the College’s online digital repository, Lake Forest College Publications. This agreement grants Lake Forest College the non-exclusive right to distribute your thesis to researchers and over the Internet and make it part of the Lake Forest College Publications site. You warrant: • that you have the full power and authority to make this agreement; • that you retain literary property rights (the copyright) to your work. Current U.S. law stipulates that you will retain these rights for your lifetime plus 70 years, at which point your thesis will enter common domain; • that for as long you as you retain literary property rights, no one may sell your thesis without your permission; • that the College will catalog, preserve, and provide access to your thesis; • that the thesis does not infringe any copyright, nor violate any proprietary rights, nor contain any libelous matter, nor invade the privacy of any person or third party; • If you request that your thesis be placed under embargo, approval from your thesis chairperson is required. By signing below, you indicate that you have read, understand, and agree to the statements above. Printed Name: Anna Shcherbiak Thesis Title: Innovation and Interprovincial Income Inequality in China This thesis is available at Lake Forest College Publications: http://publications.lakeforest. edu/seniortheses/96
Soft Computing for Vehicle Side Slip Angle Based on Kalman Filter

To solve the problem that vehicle side slip angle in vehicle control process is too difficult to measure on-line, soft computing for vehicle side slip angle is established with Kalman filter and driver-vehicle closed-loop system, based on parameter soft sensor theory and discrete signal filtering theory. This measurement can realize one mapping from information set of yaw rate and lateral acceleration which is easy to measure to side slip angle. The contrastive results of simulation and road test verify the effectiveness and higher precision of this measurement. And the application of soft computing technology has provided a feasible and accuracy and effective way for the estimator design in vehicle control system. The realization of state estimation based on soft computing technology provides a theoretical basis on soft computing applied to vehicle stability control system.
The Critical Factors Of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) That Contribute Towards Consumer Behavior In The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) Industry Of Bangladesh

Ethical gaps in the Ready-Made Garment industry of Bangladesh has emerged as a growing concern for the nation and the economy. The industry that is regarded as the backbone of the economy has come under global criticism for negligence in the fields of Corporate Social Responsibility. Although recent catastrophes has led to improvements in compliance, there needs to be further understanding of what areas of CSR needs to addressed intensely with regard to sustaining the industry in the competitive global markets. This paper analyses the relationship of the critical factors of internal and external factors of CSR linked to consumer behavior in the RMG industry of Bangladesh. The study has been developed using a myriad of supporting information gathered from consumers at notable stores located at Dhaka, Bangladesh. A vast pool of publications has been reviewed and evaluated to identify the key CSR factors that impact consumer behavior and a survey has been conducted with 110 respondents to accumulate realistic insights regarding the consumer trends in the industry with correspondence to CSR initiatives of the firms.
An inkling of the relation between the monofractality of temperatures and pressure anomalies

Abstract. We use the discrete "wavelet transform microscope" to study the monofractal nature of surface air temperature signals of weather stations spread across Europe. This method reveals that the information obtained in this way is richer than previous works studying long range correlations in meteorological stations: the approach presented here allows to bind the Holder exponents with the standard deviation of surface pressure anomalies, while such a link does not appear with methods previously carried out.
Alfalfa survival and vigor in rangeland grazed by sheep.

Few detailed comparisons have been made among alfalfa (Me&ago spp.) cultivars and strains grazed in semiarid, rangeland environments. The objective of this study was to determine survival and vigor of alfalfa cultivars and experimental strains that were grown in association with rangeland grasses and grazed by sheep for 3 seasons. Three-month old seedlings of 5 cultivars and 6 experimental strains of winterhardy alfalfa were transplanted in June 1979 into grass sod on 0.9-m centers at a hillside site with a west-facing 16% slope and Amor loam (Typic Haploboroll) soil. Dominant vegetation was western wheatgrass (Poscopynun smithii (Rydb.) L&e. Syn: Agropyron smithii (Rydb.)J, blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ], and smooth bromegrass (Bramus inermis Leyss.). For 3 seasons after the establishment year, each replicate was grazed in sequence for 2 weeks at a stocking rate of 48 yearling ewes/ha during summer and then mowed to a height of 10 cm in September. Only 5 of the 11 entries had greater than 50% survival after the third season. Three germplasm pools derived from local alfalfa plantings that had persisted more than 50 years in association with rangeland grasses were highest in survival, ranging from 72-74%. Drylander and Roamer, 2 cultivars developed primarily for grazing in semiarid regions of western Canada, had 65 and 62% survival, respectively. Phenotypic variability found among surviving plants in this study will permit further genetic improvements in alfalfa for rangeland.
Adaptive Tikhonov Regularization for Simultaneous Identification of Structural Parameters and Input

This paper aims at applying the adaptive Tikhonov regularization to realize the simultaneous identification of structural physical parameters and input based on dynamic response sensitivity. The theories of the simultaneous identification algorithm and the adaptive Tikhonov regularization were first briefly introduced, and then a twelve story shear frame was studied for validating the proposed method. Numerical simulations with noisy measured accelerations show that the proposed method can accurately identify structural parameters and unknown support excitation from only several responses of the structure, and this method can provide a new approach for structural model updating or damage detection with unknown input and incomplete measured output information.
Modeling, Simulation, Docking Studies of Tyrosine Kinase Involved in Leukemia and Microwave Synthesis of Quinazoline Derivatives

Acute Mylenoid Leukemia is a type of cancer which affects blood and bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of white blood cells. A number of genes are involved in regulating heamatopoiesis, and thereby affecting the susceptibility to Leukemia.One among them Tyrosine kinase which plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. In this work three dimensional model of Tyrosine kinase was generated using 1Z3S as a template with the help of Modeller7v7. With the aid of the molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods, the final model is obtained and is further assessed by Procheck and Verify 3D graph programs, which showed that the final refined model is reliable. After energy minimization the three dimensional structure of Tyrosine was compared with template. Molecular docking of 6thiogunaosine (6-TG) analogs was performed on the ATR1 model and selective inhibitor was selected based on the docking results. The docking results showed that the three residues in the Tyrosine kinase (GSN235, AsN257, and ILE289) were essential for making hydrogen bond with the analogues. The data presented here strongly indicate that the interactions of these four residues are necessary for a stronger binding of the Tyrosine kinase with synthesized molecules. Also, the study proposed analogues were an effecctive inhibitors by the comparison of docking energy. Synthesis is of Structure Of 3'-(4-Oxo-2-Phenylquinazolin-3(4h)-Yl)-4'hSpiro[Indole-3,2'-[1,3]Thiazolidine]-2,4'(1h)-Dione derivatives were not possible because of stearic hindrance by bulky groups present on the nitrogen atoms.
Denitrification in municipal waste landfill by Pseudomonas stutzeri P-1-5

Although in situ denitrification has been well documented in landfills, few studies have paid attention on the denitrifier in landfills who dominates this process. In this study, a strain P-1-5 was isolated from landfill by Pseudomonas selecting medium and identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. P-1-5 could use many carbon sources as well as sodium salt of caboxy methyl cellulose. When the initial concentration of nitrate was 415.8 mg/L, the strain completely removed nitrate within 16 h under aerobic condition and 93.1 % nitrate within 48 h under anaerobic condition. The strain is a denitrifer and the optimal culture conditions for nitrate remove was sodium succinate as carbon source, C/N 8, pH 7, and 30 degrees C. Results of this study provides the direct evidence that Pseudomonas plays important role in nitrogen cycle and insights for the increased understanding of nitrogen management in landfill.