Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinopyroxene REE Geochemistry of the Red Hills Peridotite, New Zealand: Interpretation of Magmatic Processes in the Upper Mantle and in the Moho Transition Zone

(MREE) depletion in clinopyroxenes in the harzburgite suggests that the harzburgites are residues of two-stage fractional melting, which operated initially in the garnet field, and subsequently continued in the spinel lherzolite field. The early stage melting produced the depleted harzburgite. The later stage melting was responsible for the gabbroic rocks and dunite. Strongly LREE^ MREE-depleted clinopyroxene in the lower harzburgite and HREE-enriched clinopyroxene in the upper harzburgite and plagioclase dunite were formed by later reactive melt migration occurring in the harzburgite.
Simultaneous buckling and fundamental frequency optimization of frames under uncertain loadings

This work presents the optimization of a frame under uncertain loadings when two design criteria are taken simultaneously into account. The uncertainty relates to the applied loading and is inherent to the operation of structures since real structures are designed to sustain a large variety of load cases of practical relevance. The design criteria considered are two of the most important from a practical point of view: buckling load and natural frequency. The technique developed is based in convex modeling where a load space is defined and all the elements of that load space have equal probability of occurrence. The outcome of the technique is an optimal design for which one loading or several loadings of the load space are the most dangerous or harmful to the structure. On the other hand, it is guaranteed that all the other loadings contained in the load space are conservative in the sense that they are less harmful to the optimal design.
Encoding Variability: When Pattern Reactivation Does Not Benefit Context Memory

A growing body of evidence suggests that neural pattern reactivation supports successful memory formation across multiple study episodes. Previous studies investigating the beneficial effects of repeated encoding typically presented the same stimuli repeatedly under the same encoding task instructions. In contrast, repeating stimuli in different contexts is associated with superior item memory, but poorer memory for contextual features varying across repetitions. In the present functional magnetic-resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we predicted dissociable mechanisms to underlie the successful formation of context memory when the context in which stimuli are repeated is either held constant or varies at each stimulus presentation. Twenty participants studied names of famous people four times, either in the same task repeatedly, or in four different encoding tasks. This was followed by a surprise recognition memory test, including a source judgement about the encoding task. Behaviourally, different task encoding compared to same task encoding was associated with fewer correct context memory judgements but also better item memory, as reflected in fewer misses. Searchlight representational similarity analysis revealed fMRI pattern reactivation in the posterior cingulate cortex to be higher for correct compared to incorrect source memory judgements in the same task condition, with the opposite pattern being observed in the different task condition. It was concluded that higher levels of pattern reactivation in the posterior cingulate cortex index generalisation across context information, which in turn may improve item memory performance during encoding variability but at the cost of contextual features.
Zonation of Vegetation Related to Penguin Rookeries on King George Island, Maritime Antarctic

ABSTRACT Breeding penguins are the major source of nutrients for terrestrial ecosystems in the Maritime Antarctic. The impact of penguin rookeries on vegetation patterns and diversity was examined by descriptive and quantitative methods along a transect from penguin rookeries to areas distant from penguin impact. Several vegetation zones related to varying degrees of rookery impact have been recognized: (1) areas under the immediate influence of fresh penguin guano and trampling support little or no vegetation; (2) the adjacent zone is covered with nitrophilous green algae, locally also cyanobacteria; (3) the next zone is dominated by the Antarctic hair-grass; (4) further on, a zone dominated by mosses is formed; (5) finally, the zone least affected by penguin impact is dominated by lichens. With increasing distance from penguin rookeries, vegetation zones become less distinct and more complex; along consecutive zones vegetation richness and diversity increase and dominance decreases. Change in species composition is gradual with a broad overlap of species distributions, and the distinct zones are the result of differences in life-forms and growth-forms of the dominant species. This ecological gradient, comprising a few species and being relatively simple, offers unique opportunities to study hypotheses concerning ecological processes and patterns.
Design and analysis of a new singularity-free three-prismatic-revolute-cylindrical translational parallel manipulator

A new three-prismatic-revolute-cylindrical (three-PRC) translational parallel manipulator (TPM) with orthogonally arranged fixed actuators is proposed in this paper. The mobility of the manipulator is analysed via screw theory. The inverse kinematics, forward kinematics, and velocity analyses are performed and the singularities and isotropic configurations are identified afterwards. Moreover, the mechanism design rules producing a singularity-free manipulator have been generated. Under different cases of physical constraints subject to mechanical joints, the reachable workspace of the manipulator is geometrically determined and compared. In particular, it is illustrated that the manipulator has a regular shape workspace with a maximum cuboid defined as the usable workspace inscribed and one isotropic configuration involved. Furthermore, to obtain a large usable workspace, the architecture design of a three-PRC TPM is carried out and the singularity property within the usable workspace is verified. Simulation results show that there are no singular configuration within the workspace, which reveal the validity of design rules for a singularity-free three-PRC TPM.
Efeito de NPK na produtividade e componentes químicos do girassol

The objective of this work was to evaluate the NPK influence on yield and oil, proteins and phytochemical contents in sunflower grain and to explore the potential of mathematical model of marginal contributions of fertilization effects. The field experiment was conducted in 3 3 incomplete factorial model, in two randomized blocks, with 15 parcels for block. The treatments were zero, 30 and 60 kg ha -1 of N, P and K. The achene yield increased with fertilizer doses until 55 kg of N ha -1 , 41 kg ha -1 of K 2 O and 46 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 . The achene oil content answered positively to increased K 2 O and P 2 O 5 . Proteins content decreases as K 2 O rate increases. No influence of the fertilization was observed in concentrations of chlorogenic acid, total sterols and total phosphorus on achene.
Nutrient losses from row crop agriculture in Indiana

Agricultural nutrient losses contribute to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico and eutrophication in the Great Lakes. Our objective was to assess effects of topography, geomorphology, climate, cropping systems and land use and conservation practices on hydrology and nutrient fate and transport in the St. Joseph River watershed. We monitored five sites (298 to 4,300 ha [736 to 10,600 ac]) on two drainage ditches within the St. Joseph River watershed in northeastern Indiana. Row crop agriculture, primarily corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), is the dominant land use (~60%) in this pothole or closed depression landscape. The hydrology is dominated by subsurface tile drainage supplemented with surface drainage of remote potholes. Vegetative buffer strips have been implemented along >60% of the agricultural drainage ditches. The vegetative buffer strips play an invaluable role protecting water quality though by acting as natural setbacks during fertilizer and pesticide applications. Multiple regressions indicated land cropped to corn and areas with direct drainage or potholes are highly sensitive to nutrient losses. Future conservation assessment efforts in this and similar watersheds should focus on management of potholes in cropped fields and the subsequent effect of those practices on tile drainage water.
SEMANTIC ASPECTS IN SENTIMENT ANALYSIS

The fact that semantics must play a crucial role in the sentiment interpretation of text is rather obvious, as even just considering the plain meaning of words can be very indicative (“I liked it” vs. “I hated it”). However, things are not that simple or straightforward for at least two reasons: (1) meaning is not so easy to define, detect, and extract automatically, and (2) sentiment analysis is often not just a matter of distinguishing positive from negative opinions, especially in recent developments. In the 2015 SemEval campaign, four shared tasks were organized within the Sentiment Analysis track: a rather general task on sentiment analysis in Twitter (task 10 [1], with four subtasks), a task focused on figurative language, entitled “Sentiment Analysis of Figurative Language in Twitter” (task 11 [2]), an aspect-based sentiment analysis task (task 12 [3]), where systems had to identify aspects of entities and the sentiment expressed for each aspect, and a rather different task focused on events’ polarity, entitled “CLIPEval Implicit Polarity of Events” (task 9 [4]). Within the ongoing SemEval 2016, there is also a task on detecting stance in tweets (task 61)—that is, detecting the position of the author with respect to a given target (against/in favor/neutral)—and one on determining sentiment intensity (task 72). Some of these tasks provide datasets in more than one language. Additionally, a shared task on concept-level sentiment analysis has been organized recently in the context of the European Semantic Web Conference [5]. This fervent, current action on stimulating research, resources, and tools in this field by organizing more numerous and more complex tasks tells us not only that interest in sentiment analysis is growing but also that sentiment analysis is no longer just about detecting whether a given review or tweet is objective or subjective, and in the latter case it is whether positive or negative. Rather, it requires a more complex analysis and interpretation of messages that in turn must rely on deeper processing and understanding. Thus although it is true that semantics and semantic processing play a crucial role in this, we must see how this happens, from several points of view. First, and following intuition, words are sentiment informative at a plain lexical semantics level (“good” is positive, “bad” is negative). This is reflected in the creation of sentiment and emotion lexica
Parent perceptions of caring for adolescents with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE No studies have been performed to examine parent perceptions of caring for adolescents with type 2 diabetes. In this qualitative study, we examined parent perceptions of barriers and strategies to address barriers to self-care in adolescents with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Families of adolescents with type 2 diabetes were recruited from a pediatric diabetes clinic. Focus groups were used to elicit parent experiences and perceptions of diabetes management of their adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Questions concerning barriers to self-care behaviors were asked by trained group facilitators. Transcripts were coded into themes by three reviewers. Qualitative analyses were conducted using NVIVO software. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2005, six focus groups were conducted with a total of 27 parents or guardians. Parents identified many barriers to and practical strategies for positive adolescent self-management. Five domains that influence self-management were identified: the role of others with diabetes, parenting skills, perceived lack of normalcy, environment, and adolescent development. Parents identified many barriers to dietary and exercise habits that were unique to the circumstances of adolescents with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Parents identified many barriers to self-management that may be unique to adolescents with type 2 diabetes. The importance of others and environmental influences in the self-management behavior of adolescents with type 2 was evident. Interventions that are designed to improve self-management should include components that address multiple influences such as peers, school professionals, parents, siblings, and/or family systems.
Learning to Read: Developing Processes for Recognizing, Understanding and Pronouncing Written Words.

Major theories of how skilled readers recognize, understand and pronounce written words include processes for phonological recoding (i.e., translating segments of print to their corresponding segments of sound) and processes by which direct access is achieved from printed words to their meanings. If these are the processes employed in skilled reading, then these are the processes which children learning to read must develop in order to become skilled readers. This paper reviews experimental findings relevant to the development of both sets of processes in beginning and early readers.
A no-go theorem for monodromy inflation

We study the embedding of the monodromy inflation mechanism by E. Silverstein and A. Westphal (2008) in a concrete compactification setting. To that end, we look for an appropriate vacuum of type IIA supergravity, corresponding to the minimum of the inflaton potential. We prove a no-go theorem on the existence of such a vacuum, using ten-dimensional equations of motion. Anti-de Sitter and Minkowski vacua are ruled out; de Sitter vacua are not excluded, but have a lower bound on their cosmological constant which is too high for phenomenology.
Improved Fault-Tolerant Quantum Simulation of Condensed-Phase Correlated Electrons via Trotterization

Recent work has deployed linear combinations of unitaries techniques to reduce the cost of fault-tolerant quantum simulations of correlated electron models. Here, we show that one can sometimes improve upon those results with optimized implementations of Trotter-Suzuki-based product formulas. We show that low-order Trotter methods perform surprisingly well when used with phase estimation to compute relative precision quantities (e.g. energies per unit cell), as is often the goal for condensed-phase systems. In this context, simulations of the Hubbard and plane-wave electronic structure models with N<105 fermionic modes can be performed with roughly O(1) and O(N2) T complexities. We perform numerics revealing tradeoffs between the error and gate complexity of a Trotter step; e.g., we show that split-operator techniques have less Trotter error than popular alternatives. By compiling to surface code fault-tolerant gates and assuming error rates of one part per thousand, we show that one can error-correct quantum simulations of interesting, classically intractable instances with a few hundred thousand physical qubits.
Andrology Human sperm sex chromosome disomy andspermDNAdamageassessedby the neutral comet assay

M.E. McAuliffe1,2, P.L. Williams3, S.A. Korrick1,4, R. Dadd1, F. Marchetti5, S.E. Martenies6, and M.J. Perry6,* Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
Detection of the Viral Infectious Diseases in Blood by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Mini Review

Blood is the most complex fluid in the body. Blood contains a large number and variety of cells and molecules. When viruses infect a host, biomarkers of the viral infections are rare. Thus, it is hard to detect in blood. Recently, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has been shown to be promising in infectious disease detection. SERS provides a sensitive, rapid, and non-invasive approach to virus detection. Several studies have demonstrated the use of SERS in detecting various types of infectious diseases. In this report, we briefly review recent advances in the detection of infectious diseases by using SERS.
Age-related Changes in the Cloacal Microbiota of Bar-headed Geese ( Anser indicus )

The gastrointestinal microbiota played an important role in animal health by acting as a barrier against pathogens, exerting multiple metabolic functions and stimulating the development of the host immune system. To better understand the age-related dynamic changes in gut microbiota, we used 16S rRNA genes sequencing to investigate the cloacal microbial communities of the adult and chick bar-headed geese (Anser indicus). Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria were the main components shared by adults and chicks. The former had more Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria and the latter had more Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, most of the dominant genera found in chicks were different from those in adults. In addition, adults had richer and more diverse bacterial communities than chicks. Our analysis of the composition of cloacal microbiota at the OTUs level also showed very large overlap existed in the bacterial assemblages between chicks and adults. These overlapped microbes were considered as the major microbes in the gastrointestinal tracts of bar-headed geese throughout their whole life span. Taken together, the results of this study provided a first inventory of the gut microbiotas of chick bar-headed geese and represented a first step in a wider investigation of the sequential changes in gut microbiotas with ages in bar-headed geese.
Contribution Dairy Intake and the Risk of Bladder Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer

The authors examined the association between the intake of different dairy products and the risk of bladder cancer in 120,852 men and women aged 55–69 years participating in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Dairy product intake was assessed in 1986 by using a 150-item food frequency questionnaire. The cohort was followed for 16.3 years, and 1,549 incident cases of bladder cancer were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied with a case-cohort approach by using the follow-up data of a random subcohort (n 1⁄4 5,000). Multivariate hazard ratio estimates comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of total dairy intake were 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81, 1.27; Ptrend 1⁄4 0.68). A statistically significant association for fermented milk products was found only for the second quintile (median, 12 g/day) (hazard ratio 1⁄4 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.91). Compared with nonconsumers, women with 25–75 g/day of butter consumption had a hazard ratio of 1.61 (95%CI: 1.03, 2.50; Ptrend < 0.01). No association was found with cheese, calcium, lactose, or nonfermented dairy intake. These results provide weak evidence that bladder cancer risk is inversely associated with low intake of fermented dairy products and suggest a positive association with butter intake in women.
Divergence during crisis ? The effect of the 2008 crisis on factors of business cycle synchronization of EMU countries

The paper examines the effect of the economic crisis of 2008 on factors influencing business cycle synchronization, namely trade intensity, financial integration and difference in economic structure. Using fixed effect regression models, I find that financial integration has a robust positive effect on business cycle synchronization, which is stronger among countries members of the European Monetary Union. There is some evidence that trade intensity is less important in the years of the crisis, while difference in economic structure shows increased significance in those years, especially for countries members of the EMU. Table of
Models of Tax Planning Simulation: The Case of Greece

This paper highlights the timeless failure of the tax system in Greece despite its continuous reform, addressing the study of tax evasion phenomenon with a different approach. The study aims to identify socio-psychological characteristics and attitudes that affect the study of tax behavior using the mathematical research of linear models for tax policy and to assess tax behavior with simulation models, where state reform, tax reform and fiscal restructuring—along with social consensus, transparency and fair taxation—are control parameters. The survey involved 320 taxpayers from the entire Greek territory. Mathematical study using linear analysis showed that a linear model integrates fiscal, social and psychological factors are significantly better in representing tax behavior, lowering tax evasion. Specifically, a main futures model is bettering the tax behavior (R2 = 0.237) improving the tax revenues. These results plainly infer the conclusion that tax behavior in Greece might affected by fiscal, social and psychological factors.
reproductive bene fi ts , host selection behavior and host use pattern of the pinnotherid crab Calyptraeotheres garthi

a EGEM—Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Especies Marinas, Dpto. de Cs. Marinas, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, CP 7600, Argentina b Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, CP 7600, Argentina c Aquarium Mar del Plata, Av. Martínez de Hoz 5600, Mar del Plata, CP 7600, Argentina d Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA e Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
Towards Solving Differential Equations through Neural Programming

Differential equations are used to model numerous phenomena such as heat, electrodynamics, fluid dynamics and quantum mechanics. For example, Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) have been used for boundary control of robotic aircrafts (Paranjape et al., 2013), control of autonomous agents (Bandyopadhyay et al., 2017) or generating fluid animations (Yang et al., 2016). Although some differential equations have easy to find solutions, such differential equations do not usually emerge in real-world problems. Therefore, solving differential equations is often a bottleneck in real-world applications. It is important to solve them accurately, in a timely and cost-effective manner.