Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broadband linear‐cross and circular‐circular polarizers with minimal bandwidth reduction at higher oblique angles for RCS applications

In this work, broadband linear to cross and circular to circular polarization converter for K and Ka‐band applications is proposed. The metasurface comprises a novel H‐shaped unit cell printed on 1.2 mm thin FR‐4 grounded dielectric substrate. It exhibits 90% polarization conversion ratio (PCR) over a bandwidth of 22.26 GHz (17.97‐40.23 GHz) with 76.5% FBW maintaining a minimal PCR of 92.5%. The converter also maintains handedness for circularly polarized incident wave. Surface current distributions at different resonant frequencies are analyzed to illustrate the reason behind the broadband behavior. The converter design is simple with the cell periodicity of 0. 209λo and thickness of 0. 071λo, where λo is the free‐space wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency of the band. Monostatic and Bistatic RCS analysis of the designed converter is performed, demonstrating greater than 10 dBsm RCS reduction over all the frequency range. It shows ~16 to 30 dBsm at resonant peaks in comparison with PEC. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the proposed structure shows broadband response with angular stability up to 40° for both TE and TM with less bandwidth reduction (up to 30%) at higher oblique angles without compromising the compactness and performance of the cell.
Evaluation of the Effects of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells on the Biological Phenotype of Hypertrophic Keloid Fibroblasts

Objective: Despite numerous existing treatments for keloids, the responses in the clinic have been disappointing, due to either low efficacy or side effects. Numerous studies dealing with preclinical and clinical trials have been published about effective therapies for fibrotic diseases using mesenchymal stem cells; however, no research has yet been reported to scientifically investigate the effect of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) on the treatment of keloids. The objective is to provide an experimental basis for the application of stem cells in the treatment of keloids. Methods: Human normal fibroblasts (HNFs) and human keloid fibroblasts (HKFs) were cultured alone and in combination with HDPSCs using a transwell cell-contact-independent cell culture system. The effects of HDPSCs on HKFs were tested using a CCK-8 assay, live/dead staining assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: HDPSCs did not inhibit the proliferation nor the apoptosis of HKFs and HNFs. HDPSCs did, however, inhibit their migration. Furthermore, HDPSCs significantly decreased the expression of profibrotic genes (CTGF, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2) in HKFs and KNFs (p < 0.05), except for CTGF in HNFs. Moreover, HDPSCs suppressed the extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in HKFs, as indicated by the decreased expression of collagen I as well as the low levels of hydroxyproline in the cell culture supernatant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The co-culture of HDPSCs inhibits the migration of HKFs and the expression of pro-fibrotic genes, while promoting the expression of anti-fibrotic genes. HDPSCs’ co-culture also inhibits the synthesis of the extracellular matrix by HKFs, whereas it does not affect the proliferation and apoptosis of HKFs. Therefore, it can be concluded that HDPSCs can themselves be used as a tool for restraining/hindering the initiation or progression of fibrotic tissue.
Chaoticity versus stochasticity in financial markets: Are daily S&P 500 return dynamics chaotic?

In this study, we present a combinatory chaos analysis of daily wavelet-filtered (denoised) S&P 500 returns (2000–2020) compared with respective surrogate datasets, Brownian motion returns and a Lorenz system realisation. We show that the dynamics of the S&P 500 return series consist of an almost equally divided combination of stochastic and deterministic chaos. The strange attractor of the S&P 500 return system is graphically displayed via Takens’ embedding and by spectral embedding in combination with Laplacian Eigenmaps. For the field of nonlinear and financial chaos research, we present a bibliometric analysis paired with citation network analysis. We critically discuss implications and future prospects.
Awareness and Incorporation of Digital Citizenship by the Iranian EFL Learners and Teachers

The present research is a netnographicinquiry conducted in the context of a social networking platform to explore how the rules and norms of digital citizenship are being understood and implemented among Iranian EFL learners and teachers, and how this can be improved. For this purpose, eight academic learner and teacher groups, consisting of 7235 members in total, were meticulously observed in one year. To address triangulation, the researchers used observations accompanied by field notes, memos, and semi-structured interviews. This resulted in 9000 pages of the content, including text chats and subsequent interview data, which were extensively analyzed through directed qualitative content analysis based onRibble’s(2011) digital citizenship model. Findings of the present research revealed that despite the significance of digital citizenship in the highly digitalized world of the day, and very frequent use of social networking for educational purposes, Iranian EFL learners and teachers lack the needed skills for appropriate and effective presence in technology-enhanced settings. This research has several implications for English teachers, learners, policy makers and curriculum designers, especially to include digital citizenship courses in CALL courses, teachers’ TTCs, and students’ curricula, at different levels of instruction and learning.
DISTRIBUTION AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF METALS IN GASOLINE CONTAMINATED SITES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

Distribution of metals in soil of two gasoline contaminated sites in Lagos were studied. Total Concentrations of twenty-five elements were investigated in composite samples collected at different depths within the sites. The elements were determined by ICP-AES after microwave assisted acid digestion of the samples. Chemical fractionation, mobility and potential bioavailability of some of the toxic and EU priority metals e.g., Pb, Cu, Cd, and Fe were evaluated in the topsoil (0-15 cm) by sequential extraction. There were great variation in the concentrations of the elements in both sites with depth. Speciation analysis showed that Pb and Cd dominated the Fe-Mn oxide fraction while the concentrations of Fe and Cu were higher in the residual fraction in site A. In site B, Pb, Cu and Cd was mainly associated with the Fe-Mn oxide fraction, while Fe was in the residual fraction. Cd has the highest mobility factors, 33.2% (site A) and 29.5% (site B), respectively. The concentrations of most of the toxic heavy metals (e.g., Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd etc.) exceed that of the control samples and heavy metal baseline values around the world. Thus, proper management of these potentially contaminated sites is imperative to prevent human health risk.
SDN-Enabled Hybrid DL-Driven Framework for the Detection of Emerging Cyber Threats in IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) has proven to be a billion-dollar industry. Despite offering numerous benefits, the prevalent nature of IoT makes it vulnerable and a possible target for the development of cyber-attacks. The diversity of the IoT, on the one hand, leads to the benefits of the integration of devices into a smart ecosystem, but the heterogeneous nature of the IoT makes it difficult to come up with a single security solution. However, the centralized intelligence and programmability of software-defined networks (SDNs) have made it possible to compose a single and effective security solution to cope with cyber threats and attacks. We present an SDN-enabled architecture leveraging hybrid deep learning detection algorithms for the efficient detection of cyber threats and attacks while considering the resource-constrained IoT devices so that no burden is placed on them. We use a state-of-the-art dataset, CICDDoS 2019, to train our algorithm. The results evaluated by this algorithm achieve high accuracy with a minimal false positive rate (FPR) and testing time. We also perform 10-fold cross-validation, proving our results to be unbiased, and compare our results with current benchmark algorithms.
Mechanism and kinetics of Br + HO2 .fwdarw. HBr + O2 and Br + H2O2 .fwdarw. products over the temperature range 260-390 K

A discharge flow system employing simultaneous, direct detection of HO/sub 2/ and Br using laser magnetic resonance and resonance fluorescence, respectively, is used to study the kinetics of the title reactions. Over the temperature range 260 to 390 K, decays of HO/sub 2/ in excess Br yield the rate constant k/sub 1/ = (1.4 +/- 0.2) x 10/sup -11/ exp((-590 +/- 140)/T) cm/sup 3/ molecule/sup -1/ s/sup -1/ for Br + HO/sub 2/ . -->. HBr + O/sub 2/. Experiments were carried out at 0.8 to 2 Torr total pressure in helium and in argon with multiple Br sources. The cited uncertainties include an estimate of the systematic errors at the 95% confidence level. Additional studies place an upper limit of 5 x 10/sup -16/ cm/sup 3/ molecule/sup -1/ s/sup -1/ on the overall rate constant and product channels forming OH and HO/sub 2/ for the reaction Br + H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ . -->. products from 298 to 378 K. These results, in conjunction with data from other HO/sub 2/ reactions, suggest that X + HO/sub 2/ . -->. HX + O/sub 2/ reactions (where X = F, Cl, Br, and OH) proceed by direct attack on the H-O sigma bond, rather thanmore » by radical addition to form a (HOOX)* intermediate followed by rearrangement and elimination of HX and O/sub 2/ from a modified four-center transition state. The implications of these studies for stratospheric chemistry are discussed. « less
A Survey on Recent Advanced Research of CPS Security

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are next-generation intelligent systems that integrate computing, communication, and control. Malicious attacks on CPSs can lead to both property damage and casualties. Therefore, it is worth surveying CPS security by reviewing and analyzing the latest high-quality related works. In this paper, we provide an overview of the CPS security studies from the last five years and select 142 related works from A- or B-level conferences/journals recommended by the China Computer Federation (CCF). First, we review the main contents of the selected papers and classify them into 24 topics. Then, we analyze hotspots and trends of CPS security technologies in three dimensions: (1) architecture layers (perception, network, and application); (2) application scenarios (smart grids, health care, smart transportation, smart homes, and general grids); and (3) MADC (Measure, Attack, Defense, and Control) types. Finally, we also perform a statistical analysis in terms of paper publication times, author institutes, countries, and sponsors to show the current worldwide CPS security research situation.
Incorporating Stakeholder Knowledge into a Complex Stock Assessment Model: The Case of Eel Recruitment

Mistrust between scientists and non-scientist stakeholders is a key challenge in fishery management. The support of management with complex models is difficult, as these models cannot easily communicate their results to end users, resulting in a lack of confidence. As an example, the complex life cycle of the European eel raises problems of coordination and discussion among the multiple actors involved in the species’ management. The GEREM model has been proposed as a tool for estimating recruitment, but its complexity, which is essential for addressing the characteristics of the species, makes it difficult to understand and accept by all stakeholders. In the context of the SUDOANG project, we proposed a co-parametrisation of this assessment model to tackle this mistrust. Through the use of various questionnaires, stakeholders were involved in two important choices for the model (zone definition and prior construction). Regular workshops and presentations were organised to explain the model rationales and to gather feedback and expectations. The results show that stakeholders have very similar perceptions of the potential definitions of sub-areas of recruitment in south-western Europe, and these perceptions are consistent with the underlying environmental conditions. On the other hand, the stakeholders have contrasting opinions about the exploitation rates of fisheries in different river basins, and the use of their knowledge currently has little effect on GEREM estimates. More importantly, the overall approach of this study is thought to have reconstructed the trust and confidence among participants.
Determination of Nateglinide by HPLC and Its Application of Its Pharmacokinetics and Relative Bioavailability

OBJECTIVE To determine the concentration of nateglinide in human plasma by HPLC method,and study its pharmacokinetics,relative bioavailability.METHODS Eighteen volunteers were randomized into 2 groups.The subjects in group one firstly received the test preparation of nateglinide tablets,followed by the reference preparation.The subjects in group two received the reference preparation firstly,followed by the test preparation.The plasma concentration of nateglinide was measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method.ANOVA was used to check the difference of the means of the pharmacokinetic parameters between the two preparations.Bioequivalence was determined by student t-tests.RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters of the volunteers after a single dose of 60 mg of the test preparation or the reference preparation were as follows:AUC_(0～10)(6.84±3.51) and(7.24±3.51) mg·h·L~(-1),AUC_(0～∞)(6.95±3.45) and(7.38±3.58) mg·h·L~(-1),ρ_(max)(4.35±2.45) and(4.20±2.13) mg·L~(-1),t_(max)(1.02±0.48) and(1.16±0.51) h,t_(1/2)(2.20±0.78) and(2.04±0.65) h,respectively.The relative bioavailability was(94.5±13)%. No significant differences were found among the main pharmacokinetic parameters.CONCLUSION The method can determine gemflbrozil in the human body quickly and correctly.The two preparations are equivalent.
Multilingual education in early years in Luxembourg: a paradigm shift?

ABSTRACT There is a call for multilingual pedagogies including the use of literacy in several languages in early childhood education. However, many practitioners find it difficult to challenge the dominant language ideologies and are unsure of how to develop literacy practices in multiple languages. This paper is based in Luxembourg where a multilingual programme has been implemented in early childhood education in 2017. The research project examines the language used in daily communication and literacy activities of educators and parents in day-care centres, as reported by educators in two online-questionnaires. The findings show that the educators and parents use multiple languages when communicating, singing and reading with children in the centres. In addition to French and Luxembourgish which dominate, they use five other languages. Their reported multilingual practice reflects their beliefs that speaking and reading in several languages promotes language learning. However, while the programme is multilingual, a range of home languages are marginalised. The educators produce a language hierarchy in the centres in which the parents reproduce. While collaboration with parents can be effective in bringing home languages into day-care centres, educators need to be aware of language hierarchies and ideologies.
The relationship of hematological parameters with adaptation and reproduction in sheep; A review study

Article history: Received June 02, 2020 Accepted August 15, 2020 Available online June 27, 2021 Sheep possess desirable characteristics for farmers such as resistance to disease, good acclimation to environmental fluctuations, and endurance to extreme weather. This may, in part, be due to hematology characteristics and various types of hemoglobin that interact differently to external changes; displaying various reproductive ability in certain environmental conditions. This review aims to investigate the effect of hematology parameters and hemoglobin types on the adaptation and reproductive performance of sheep. Hematological parameters are useful tools for the detection of adaptation and physiological traits of these animals. The reproduction of sheep has depended on the ability of each type and breed to acclimate to different environmental conditions. In addition, hemoglobin types have also been correlated with the environmental adaptability and physiological traits of sheep. Thus, the present review provides useful information on the association of hematology parameters and hemoglobin types in sheep with adaptation and reproductive performance, and could be used as vital tools that help in determining the species or breed of sheep that are more adapted to certain environments or have more reproductive potential.
Understanding the Radiation Thermometers

Radiation thermometers use the laws of thermal radiation to compute the temperature as a function of the measured spectral radiance. The more precise calculations involve the integration of Planck’s Law, which turns the mathematical developments more complex. In this article, whenever possible we use the concept of monochromatic radiation thermometers, which has the advantage of facilitating mathematical developments and allowing the reader to obtain more easily an overview of the instrument behaviour. In addition, we deal with three important types of thermometers: total radiation, spectral band, and ratio thermometers. Some concepts such as radiance and exitance were also presented.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE EXTRA TO DE COGUMELO COMO ANTIOXIDANTE NATURAL EM ÓLEO VEGETAL Use of mushroom extract as natural antioxidant in vegetal oil

The present paper had the objectives of measuring the antioxidant activity of different extracts of the mushroom Agaricus blazei and evaluating the oxidative stability of soybean oil added with the mushroom extract. The mushroom dried in stove at 55oC and ground (10g) was submit to extraction with 100 mL methanol and methanol:water (1:1) for six and 12 hours, respectively, at room temperature. The extract with the highest antioxidant activity, according to the DPPH method, was added to the soybean oil at the concentration of 0.1% total phenolic compounds and then submitted to the Rancimat method and to the accelerated test in stove at 60oC for 16 days. Samples of oil were withdrawn every four days and the rate of peroxides and conjugated dienes were analyzed. The synthetic antioxidants BHT (100 mg/kg), TBHQ (50 mg/kg), and antioxidant-free soybean oil (control) were used as comparison parameters. The results showed that the methanol:water extract resulting from six hours of extraction presented the highest antioxidant activity. The oxidative stability of the mushroom extract, the synthetic antioxidants, and the control followed the sequence: TBHQ > mushroom extract > BHT = soybean oil (control). The mushroom extract was also efficient regarding the formation of peroxides and conjugated dienes. Despite the increase of these compounds over the time, the extract was less efficient than BHT and more efficient than TBHQ. The mushroom extract has shown effective in the protection of the oil, bearing the potential of a natural antioxidant.
An energy‐efficient clustering algorithm with self‐diagnosis data fault detection and prediction for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are used to track and regulate physical conditions like temperature and the environment's humidity. Wireless sensor networks with their advanced features are adopted for many real‐time applications. The limited capacity batteries usually power the sensor nodes. But the big challenge of limited battery capacity obstructs remote and inaccessible areas where their use is the most favorable. For extending the lifetime of the network, the battery should optimally utilize it for different operations. The requirement toward low complexity and low energy consumption motivate the wireless sensor networks' efficient clustering algorithm. The sensor nodes group into clusters; one sensor node is chosen as a cluster head, and communication to the sink node from the sensor nodes occurs through the cluster head (CH) node. In the proposed method, cluster heads are determined based on the sensor node's weighted metric. The sensor nodes are then self‐adaptive by making correct decisions in real‐time based on the sensed data, but detected information is often inaccurate due to some mechanical, wireless loss, and battery problems. The erroneous or irrelevant data should be overlooked to avoid unnecessary data transmission, which contributes to reducing the network's lifetime. In the neighborhood‐dependent self‐diagnosis fault detection technique, the faulty sensed data are filtered at the sensor node itself. In the data prediction algorithm, the filtered data are predicted at the cluster head. All the factors collectively contribute to enhance the network's lifetime. The lifetime improvement of the proposed approach is almost doubled compared with LEACH one time better than QLEACH and ECH, and 51% better than temporal approach.
Chemical Bonding State of Sulfur in Na2S-SiO2 Glasses

The structure and electronic states of Na2S-SiO2 oxysulfide glasses were investigated and the role of sulfur in the glasses is discussed. Na2S formed stable glass with SiO2 at an alkali concentration range similar to that of Na2O-SiO2 systems by the conventional melt-quench method. The obtained glasses were reddish brown in color and a remaining of sulfur was confirmed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the chemical bonding state of bridging and nonbridging anionic species in Na2S-SiO2 glass. The S2p binding energy of the glass was observed to be approximately 161eV. This value is lower than that of orthorhombic crystalline sulfur and almost the same as the value of Na2S. From the results, the electron density around sulfur was near to that of S2-. Furthermore, by 29Si magic angle spinning (MAS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement, three clear-cut peaks were detected between 0 and -120ppm. It was assumed that a sulfur atom was joined to silicon via substitution for an oxygen atom, and was present as nonbridging sulfur in Na2S-SiO2 glass with low alkali ion concentration. On the other hand, it was revealed that a portion of the sulfur ions existed in an isolated state from the glass-network structure at high alkali content. The glass composition changed to a chemical composition that was more silica rich than predicted. The sulfur ions made sulfide clusters with the sodium ions isolated from the glass-network.
Recent trends and development in hybrid microgrid: a review on energy resource planning and control

ABSTRACT The world energy requirement has skyrocketed radically in the past two decades raising concern over energy security and adequacy. Energy resource planning plays a substantial role in the global economy and geopolitics of clean energy to achieve global commitment towards sustainable development. It includes strategic management, control and storage of energy supply. Microgrids contribute another layer to the apparent advantages of renewables by boosting system performance and mitigating energy losses. The prospects of energy resource management with the benefits of a hybrid microgrid are discussed here with a brief review of past research works on challenges encountered in voltage and frequency regulations with low-inertia issues, demand response, renewable system integration with transition conditions, and tuning controllers with metaheuristic optimisation techniques.