Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Location of Pills in Woven Fabric Based on Gabor Filter

A novel method for locating the pills in woven fabric based on Gabor filter is proposed in this paper. The process of capturing the fabric image is first introduced and the hardware and software of the system is given simultaneously. Gabor filter is then carried out in the pilled fabric image to remove the fabric texture and enhance the pill information. In the enhanced fabric image, threshold method is used to segment and locate the fabric pills. The location of fabric pills lays the foundation for constructing the whole system of evaluating the fabric pilling grade.
Using neural networks to identify annoying noises in vehicles

Previous papers have developed a methodology to characterise squeaks and rattles. Thus, for each noise, its origin and the means for eliminating it, are known. This paper describes the work done towards the development of a tool, based on neural networks, that determines if a squeak or rattle corresponds to any of the noises already characterised. Different types of neural networks have been evaluated. Preliminarily, it was found that for this application the best topology is a net 100-50-4. Additionally, it was found that the best training method is the gradient descent back-propagation method with a learning rate of 0.05.
Analytical Modeling of Nitrogen Dynamics in Soils and Ground Water

An analytical model, known as RISK-N, is developed to simulate nitrogen cycling in soils, and nitrate transport and fate in soils and ground water. The soil is separated into upper-root, lower-root, and intermediate-vadose zones, each with uniform properties. Transport in each soil zone is modeled on the basis of complete mixing. Transport in the aquifer, however, is modeled using a two-dimensional advection-dispersion transport equation. A simulation is made with a hypothetical corn plot, using meteorological, soil, hydrologic, and hydrogeological data for the South Platte River region of northeastern Colorado. Sensitivity analyses are performed on model parameters. This study shows that the RISK-N model is capable of simulating nitrate leaching rates, as well as ground-water concentrations, that are consistent with those obtained by numerical models, while requiring fewer input variables.
Application of Ultrasound Technology in Food Processing with emphasis on bacterial spores

ABSTRACT Ultrasound technology is an emerging food processing technology that helps food processing/preservation shifting away from conventional thermal technologies due to their detrimental effects on food quality, composition, and sensory attributes. This review highlights the applications of ultrasound technology in food processing, and its prospects for eliminating microbial spores, important agents of food spoilage and foodborne intoxication/infection. Ultrasound (sound waves between 20–100 kHz and 2–10 MHz), when applied to foods, inhibits the proliferation of micro-organisms, extends shelf-life, and sustain food quality/sensory attributes. The generated sound waves induce intermolecular forces within the food medium and microbial cells, leading to cell wall rupture and cell lysis, and consequently inactivation. It has found application in the processing of various food items, including beef muscles, juices, oils, etc. The mode of microbial or bacterial spores’ inactivation includes cell wall and membrane disruption, inhibiting enzymatic activities and damaging DNA materials. As a tool for eliminating spores in foods, the technology is commonly used in combination with other treatments such as high temperature (thermosonication), high pressure (manosonication), and UV radiations. These combinations have been shown to improve foods’ physicochemical attributes while increasing spore permeability and sensitivity to other treatments, although through unclear mechanisms.
Inmould integration of a microscope add-on system to a 1.3 Mpix camera phone

A microscope add-on device to a 1.3 Mpix camera phone was selected as a demonstrator system for testing inmould integration of electronic substrates and plastic optics. Optical design of the device was quite challenging due to the fact that illumination system needed to be integrated with a double aspheric singlet lens structure as a single optical piece. The designed imaging lens resolution was adequate to resolve 10 &mgr;m features with a mobile phone camera. In the illumination optics the light from LEDs embedded into the plastic structure was collected and guided to the surface that was imaged. Illumination was designed to be uniform and adequately bright to achieve high resolution images with the camera phone. Lens mould design was tested by using injection moulding simulation software. The critical mould optical surfaces were designed as separate insert parts. Final shapes producing lens surfaces were tooled by diamond turning on nickel coatings. Electronic circuit board inserts with bonded bare LED chips and packaged SMD LEDs were assembled to the mould and then overmoulded with optical grade PMMA. Experiences proved that inmould integration of electronic substrates, bare LED chips and high resolution imaging optics in injection-compression moulding process is feasible. The yield of embedded packaged and also bare chip components was close to 100% after the right injection moulding process parameters were found. Prototype add-on system was characterized by testing the imaging properties of the device with a camera phone.
Impact of cloud base turbulence on CCN activation: Single size CCN

This paper examines the impact of cloud-base turbulence on activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Following our previous studies, we contrast activation within a non-turbulent adiabatic parcel and an adiabatic parcel filled with turbulence. The latter is simulated by applying a forced implicit large eddy simulation within a triply periodic computational domain of 643 m3. We consider two monodisperse CCN. Small CCN have a dry radius of 0.01 micron and a corresponding activation (critical) radius and critical supersaturation of 0.6 micron and 1.3%, respectively. Large CCN have a dry radius of 0.2 micron and feature activation radius of 5.4 micron and critical supersaturation 0.15 %. CCN are assumed in 200 cm−3 concentration in all cases. Mean cloud base updraft velocities of 0.33, 1, and 3 m s−1 are considered. In the non-turbulent parcel, all CCN are activated and lead to a monodisperse droplet size distribution above the cloud base, with practically the same droplet size in all simulations. In contrast, turbulence can lead to activation of only a fraction of all CCN with a non-zero spectral width above the cloud base, of the order of 1 micron, especially in the case of small CCN and weak mean cloud base ascent. We compare our results to studies of the turbulent single-size CCN activation in the Pi chamber. Sensitivity simulations that apply a smaller turbulence intensity, smaller computational domain, and modified initial conditions document the impact of specific modeling assumptions. The simulations call for a more realistic high-resolution modeling of turbulent cloud base activation.
Social Disparities in Online Health-Related Activities and Social Support: Findings from Health Information National Trends Survey

ABSTRACT It is important to examine gaps in online health-related activities (OHAs) between socially advantaged and disadvantaged groups, considering that emerging information and communication technologies may bring about social disparities in their adoption and possibly expand preexisting health disparities. We thus examined whether digital divide occurs in the area of OHAs, including engagement with a very recent technology. To be more specific, we explored the effects of education, income, and race/ethnicity on OHAs, such as online health information seeking, social media use for health, and health information technologies (HITs) utilization. Moreover, given the importance of socio-contextual factors in digital divide, we examined how social support interacts with education, income, and race/ethnicity, and jointly influences OHAs. Using data from the 2017 Health Information National Trends Survey, we found the effects of education on several OHAs. Income only affected HITs utilization that had just started to diffuse across the U.S. society. We also identified reinforcing effects of social support and education on HITs utilization, and reinforcing effects of social support and income on online health information seeking. The implications of these findings for health communication and public health research were discussed.
Design and Experimental Validation of Power Electric Vehicle Emulator for Testing Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Capability

Nowadays, the global decarbonization and electrification of the world’s energy demands have led to the quick adoption of Electric Vehicle (EV) technology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a wide network of fast Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) charging stations to support the forecast demand and to enable enough autonomy of such devices. Accordingly, V2G charging stations must be prepared to work properly with every manufacturer and to provide reliable designs and validation processes. In this way, the development of power electric vehicle emulators with V2G capability is critical to enable such development. The paper presents a complete design of a power electric vehicle emulator, as well as an experimental testbench to validate the behaviour of the proposal.
Extracting reflection with wavelet transform in vibroseis signal processing

In conventional vibroseis signal processing, algorithms including cross correlation and deconvolution are applied to convert the raw trace data into a seismic section. However, their performance deteriorates when the trace data are corrupted by the ambient noise, so the mathematical tool for time–frequency analysis and wavelet transform is applied in this paper to overcome the difficulty. A time–frequency cross correlation (TFCC) algorithm based on wavelet transform is proposed to extract the reflection from the trace data by detecting the reflected sweeps and estimating their time delay. The source signal and the trace data are transformed into time–frequency domain with respect to a same wavelet basis function; then time–frequency cross correlation is performed between the source signal and the trace data. The reflected sweeps are converted into time–frequency correlation wavelets in the result; meanwhile, the trace data are converted into seismic section. In wavelet decomposition, the high-frequency noise can be suppressed automatically. In the time–frequency representation of the trace data, the ambient noise and the reflected sweeps can be separated from each other. So in the TFCC algorithm, the interference of the ambient noise can be decreased considerably, and the weak reflections can be extracted clearly. Real vibroseis trace data were processed with the TFCC algorithm and the conventional cross correlation. The results showed the superiority of the proposed new algorithm in vibroseis signal processing.
Morpho-molecular diversity study of rice cultivars in Bangladesh

Rice is one of the frontline cereals in the world and the major cultivated crop in Bangladesh. A total of eleven simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and thirteen sequence-tagged site (STS) markers were used to characterize twenty-four rice cultivars in Bangladesh. Twenty-four markers generated 60 alleles with 2.5 alleles per locus. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.40, while the mean value of heterozygosity, gene diversity, and major allele frequency were recorded as 0.10, 0.48 and 0.62, respectively. However, the SSR markers showed more specificity and a higher discrimination power than the STS markers. The cluster analysis displayed four major clusters with a genetic similarity coefficient value of 0.73. The morphological analyses of the grain identified that Binadhan-20 and BRRI dhan34 had the longest and the shortest seed size, respectively, with a variable correlation between the seed length, width and length/width ratio. The phenol reaction test distinguished seven cultivars as japonica and seventeen cultivars as indica or an intermediate type. All these results regarding the phenotypic data and marker information will be useful for parental selection in modern rice breeding programmes.
Research on the Resistance Acting on the Bucket during Shovelling

In the working process of the loader, energy is mainly consumed in the shovelling process. It is necessary to analysis the resistance acting on the bucket. Firstly, this paper takes bucket and material systems as the research object, analyzes constitutive relation of the system and models the resistance by applying earth pressure theory. By experiments, the resistance is measured when the bucket inserts the material. Finally, the comparison of the experiments results and theoretical ones shows that the models building in the paper are reasonable.
An Efficient Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Maneuvering Platform SAR Integrated With Elevation Information in Hybrid Coordinate System

Because fast factorized back-projection (FFBP) algorithm is not limited by the assumption of azimuth-invariant of echo signal, it has significant advantages for maneuvering platform synthetic aperture radar (MP-SAR) imaging. Due to the curved trajectory of MP-SAR, the focusing quality of the SAR image becomes very sensitive to the terrain scene elevation, and the range and angular histories are difficult to be solved in polar coordinate system for FFBP implementation. In this letter, a new image reconstruction algorithm integrated with elevation information is proposed for MP-SAR imaging with high efficiency. The proposed algorithm is based on the hybrid coordinate system which is incorporated with elevation information in the FFBP process. In the proposed algorithm, a flexible matching region is introduced to efficiently solve the range and angular histories in FFBP recursion which can reconstruct high-quality images of terrain scene with both high accuracy and efficiency. Simulation experiments are implemented and analyzed to validate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.
VIBRATION OF ELASTICALLY SUPPORTED TIMOSHENKO BEAM

This paper deals with the response of a Timoshenko beam elastically supported on Winkler foundation due to two harmonic forces. Such problem could be interesting to study the dynamic of the sleepers of the track. The Green's function method has been applied to determine the frequency-response of the beam considering both symmetrical and anti-symmetrical excitation modes. The influence of the foundation on the vibration behavior of the beam is pointed out.
Study on the Application of CT in a Grouting Effect Test of Super-Long Piles

Wave velocity is the main physical parameter of an ultrasonic wave CT test; it can distinguish the change of strength and density in a reinforced section. The absorption coefficient is the main physical parameter of electromagnetic CT; it can determine the distribution of the reinforced section. CT was applied to evaluate the grouting effect of group piles in the Su-Tong bridge. According to the results of coring and the CT test, it is practicable to apply ultrasonic wave CT and electromagnetic CT synthetically to test the grouting effect of super long piles.
Computational Analysis of Natural Gas Delivery Discrepancy

The article describes algorithm for optimization of discrepancies in natural gas supply to consumers. Numerical monitoring makes it possible to obtain computational estimates of actual gas deliveries over given time spans and to estimate their difference from corresponding values reported by gas consumers. Mathematical analysis of the discrepancy is based on a statement and numerical solution of identification problem of a physically proved gas dynamics mode of natural gas transmission through specified gas distribution networks. The identified mode parameters should have a minimum discrepancy with field measurements of gas transport at specified reference points of the simulated pipeline network.
Control Techniques for Safe, Ergonomic, and Efficient Human-Robot Collaboration in the Digital Industry: A Survey

The fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, is reshaping the way individuals live and work while providing a substantial influence on the manufacturing scenario. The key enabling technology that has made Industry 4.0 a concrete reality is without doubt collaborative robotics, which is also evolving as a fundamental pillar of the next revolution, the so-called Industry 5.0. The improvement of employees’ safety and well-being, together with the increase of profitability and productivity, are indeed the main goals of human-robot collaboration (HRC) in the industrial setting. The robotic controller design and the analysis of existing decision and control techniques are crucially needed to develop innovative models and state-of-the-art methodologies for a safe, ergonomic, and efficient HRC. To this aim, this paper presents an accurate review of the most recent and relevant contributions to the related literature, focusing on the control perspective. All the surveyed works are carefully selected and categorized by target (i.e., safety, ergonomics, and efficiency), and then by problem and type of control, in presence or absence of optimization. Finally, the discussion of the achieved results and the analysis of the emerging challenges in this research field are reported, highlighting the identified gaps and the promising future developments in the context of the digital evolution. Note to Practitioners—The design and development of manufacturing systems are experiencing substantial changes towards full automation. This ongoing challenge is being tackled by academia and industrial practitioners with the adoption of collaborative robots, where the skills and peculiarities of humans (e.g., intelligence, creativity, adaptability, etc.) and robots (e.g., flexibility, pinpoint accuracy, tirelessness, etc.) are combined to better perform a variety of tasks. Nevertheless, due to their different characteristics, there is an emerging need for designing suitable decision and control techniques to ensure a safe and ergonomic HRC, while keeping the highest level of productivity. Against this background, the aim of this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners with a reference source in the related field, which can help them designing and developing suitable solutions to control problems in safe, ergonomic, and efficient collaborative robotics.
Improvements on surface carrier mobility and electrical stability of MOSFETs using HfTaO gate dielectric

Physical and electrical characteristics of HfTaO gate dielectric have been systematically investigated for the first time. Based on the X-ray diffraction spectra and high-resolution transmission electron microscope pictures, the crystallization temperature of HfO/sub 2/ film is significantly increased with incorporating Ta, and the HfTaO with 43% Ta film remains amorphous after annealing at 950/spl deg/C for 30 s. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the formation of Si-O bonds in interfacial layer is increased with Ta concentration. The high atomic percentage of Si-O bonds may result in the HfTaO-Si interface inclining to SiO/sub 2/-Si interface, as well as good interface properties. Hence, the interface states density (D/sub it/) in HfTaO film is reduced by one order of magnitude compared with HfO/sub 2/. In addition, charge trapping induced threshold voltage (V/sub th/) instability in HfO/sub 2/ and HfTaO films is compared using a pulsed I/sub d/--V/sub g/ measurement technique, and the V/sub th/ shift in HfTaO film is much lower than HfO/sub 2/. This indicates that charge trapping in HfO/sub 2/ film is significantly suppressed by incorporating Ta. Since both of the interface traps and charged traps in HfTaO film are less than in HfO/sub 2/, more than twice higher peak mobility is achieved in HfTaO nMOSFETs, which is due to the suppression of Coulomb scattering caused by the interface traps and charged traps.
Effects of Increasing the Overall Level or Fitting Hearing Aids on Emotional Responses to Sounds

Adults with hearing loss demonstrate a reduced range of emotional responses to nonspeech sounds compared to their peers with normal hearing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two possible strategies for addressing the effects of hearing loss on emotional responses: (a) increasing overall level and (b) hearing aid use (with and without nonlinear frequency compression, NFC). Twenty-three adults (mean age = 65.5 years) with mild-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss and 17 adults (mean age = 56.2 years) with normal hearing participated. All adults provided ratings of valence and arousal without hearing aids in response to nonspeech sounds presented at a moderate and at a high level. Adults with hearing loss also provided ratings while using individually fitted study hearing aids with two settings (NFC-OFF or NFC-ON). Hearing loss and hearing aid use impacted ratings of valence but not arousal. Listeners with hearing loss rated pleasant sounds as less pleasant than their peers, confirming findings in the extant literature. For both groups, increasing the overall level resulted in lower ratings of valence. For listeners with hearing loss, the use of hearing aids (NFC-OFF) also resulted in lower ratings of valence but to a lesser extent than increasing the overall level. Activating NFC resulted in ratings that were similar to ratings without hearing aids (with a moderate presentation level) but did not improve ratings to match those from the listeners with normal hearing. These findings suggest that current interventions do not ameliorate the effects of hearing loss on emotional responses to sound.
Seismic interaction in linearly connected electrical substation equipment

An electrical substation consists of a complex set of equipment items that are interconnected through conductor buses or cables. If the connections are not sufficiently flexible, significant dynamic interaction may occur between the connected equipment items during a seismic excitation. This interaction is believed to be responsible for some of the observed substation equipment damage in recent earthquakes. This paper investigates the interaction between two equipment items connected by a linear spring‐dashpot or spring‐dashpot‐mass element representing a conductor bus. It is found that the interaction between the two equipment items may significantly amplify the response of the higher‐frequency equipment item. The influences of various key parameters on the interaction effect are quantified. Means for reducing the adverse interaction effect are described. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.