Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioural compensation for mate loss in the burying beetle Nicrophorus orbicollis


Abstract Abstract. Brood-care behaviour by single parents was studied in the burying beetle Nicrophorus orbicollis by comparing the time budgets of single males, single females, paired males, and paired females. Single females regurgitated to larvae for a longer duration than single males on the third day of brood care, but there were no other significant differences between single males and single females in either the frequency or duration of brood-care behaviour. Both single males and single females regurgitated to larvae and maintained the carrion more frequently than paired males and females, respectively. The increase in larval provisioning and carrion maintenance resulted in single parents guarding the brood less frequently and for a shorter duration than did their paired counterparts. The data suggest that male and female burying beetles increase their brood-care behaviour to compensate for the loss of a mate. Behavioural compensation for mate loss has been reported in several bird species, and in one fish species; and this study may represent the first demonstration of compensation for mate loss in an invertebrate.
Chromatin Regulation by HP1γ Contributes to Survival of 5-Azacytidine-Resistant Cells

Recent investigations of the treatment for hematologic neoplasms have focused on targeting epigenetic regulators. The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine (AZA) has produced good results in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. The mechanism underlying its pharmacological activity involves many cellular processes including histone modifications, but chromatin regulation in AZA-resistant cells is still largely unknown. Therefore, we compared human leukemia cells with AZA resistance and their AZA-sensitive counterparts with regard to the response of histone modifications and their readers to AZA treatment to identify novel molecular target(s) in hematologic neoplasms with AZA resistance. We observed an a decrease of HP1γ, a methylated lysine 9 of histone H3-specific reader protein, in AZA-sensitive cells after treatment, whereas AZA treatment did not affect HP1 family proteins in AZA-resistant cells. The expression of shRNA targeting HP1γ reduced viability and induced apoptosis specifically in AZA-resistant cells, which accompanied with down-regulation of ATM/BRCA1 signaling, indicating that chromatin regulation by HP1γ plays a key role in the survival of AZA-resistant cells. In addition, the amount of HP1γ protein in AZA-sensitive and AZA-resistant cells was decreased after treatment with the bromodomain inhibitor I-BET151 at a dose that inhibited the growth of AZA-resistant cells more strongly than that of AZA-sensitive cells. Our findings demonstrate that treatment with AZA, which affects an epigenetic reader protein and targets HP1γ, or a bromodomain inhibitor is a novel strategy that can be used to treat patients with hematopoietic neoplasms with AZA resistance.
Saving patients by pulling their teeth out ‐ but killing them softly afterwards with dental implants?

FIGURE 1 When information is unsatisfactory as a basis for providing care, healthcare providers may choose different strategies on how to advise the patient or the public As a trained and licensed doctor, society expects you to consistently provide the best care based on sound judgment of comprehensive patient histories and thorough clinical examinations, while respecting patient autonomy by encouraging shared treatment decision making. A prerequisite for the latter is that the patient receives sufficient unbiased information regarding alternative interventions, including no therapy, and their likely prognoses. However, many times in medicine, the pertinent information is convoluted or nonexistent. In these circumstances, healthcare providers choose different strategies on how to advise the patient or the public. If any RCTs are deemed methodologically weak or fail to focus on a weighty outcome, should a particular intervention be postponed or denied or should the logic proposed by William Osler (1903), or by Abraham Flexner (1910) be followed? (Figure 1). Infective endocarditis (I.E.) is a rare and complex disease associated with high morbidity and mortality and characterized by a multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Causative microorganisms are identified by blood culture or by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and are in decreasing order, staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, and HACEK organisms. Streptococci used to be the most common microorganism until about a decade ago, which is a reflection of changes of underlying causal factors for contracting I.E. (Duval, Delahaye, Alla, Tattevin, Obadia, et al., 2012). Bacteremia due to invasive procedures in the dental clinic rarely cause I.E., according to the American Heart Association (Baddour et al., 2015), the European Society of Cardiology (Habib et al., 2015), the French Society of Cardiology (Millot et al., 2017) and by others (Wang, Gaca, & Chu, 2018). These authoritative sources instead endorse the perspective that “everyday bacteremia” is a far more important risk factor for contracting I.E. than sporadic invasive procedures in a dental clinic, a hypothesis that is not new (Roberts, 1999). Admittedly, the evidence basis for a relationship between oral health status and bacteremia modulated by the extent of ill health has been ambiguous until recently (Tomás, Diz, Tobías, Scully, & Donos, 2012). However, recent unique data originating from the French national health insurance administrative data comprising 138876 patients with prosthetic heart valves support the explicit statement by the investigators: “ .
Occipitotemporal Representations Reflect Individual Differences in Conceptual Knowledge

Through selective attention, decision-makers can learn to ignore behaviorally-irrelevant stimulus dimensions. This can improve learning and increase the perceptual discriminability of relevant stimulus information. To account for this effect, popular contemporary cognitive models of categorization typically include of attentional parameters, which provide information about the importance of each stimulus dimension in decision-making. The effect of these parameters on psychological representation is often described geometrically, such that perceptual differences over relevant psychological dimensions are accentuated (or stretched), and differences over irrelevant dimensions are down-weighted (or compressed). In sensory and association cortex, representations of stimulus features are known to covary with their behavioral relevance. Although this implies that neural representational space might closely resemble that hypothesized by formal categorization theory, to date, attentional effects in the brain have been demonstrated through powerful experimental manipulations (e.g., contrasts between relevant and irrelevant features). This approach sidesteps the role of idiosyncratic conceptual knowledge in guiding attention to useful information sources. To bridge this divide, we used formal categorization models, which were fit to behavioral data, to make inferences about the concepts and strategies used by individual participants during decision-making. We found that when greater attentional weight was devoted to a particular visual feature (e.g., “color”), its value (e.g., “red”) was more accurately decoded from occipitotemporal cortex. We additionally found that this effect was sufficiently sensitive to reflect individual differences in conceptual knowledge. The results indicate that occipitotemporal stimulus representations are embedded within a space closely resembling that proposed by classic categorization models.
Surgical Outcomes of Thalamic Tumors in Children: The Importance of Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Neuro-Navigation and Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring

Background Recently, modern technology such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), neuro-navigation and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) have been actively adopted for the treatment of thalamic tumors. We evaluated surgical outcomes and efficacy of the aforementioned technologies for the treatment of pediatric thalamic tumors. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 37 children with thalamic tumors between 2004 and 2017. There were 44 operations (27 tumor resections, 17 biopsies). DTI was employed in 17 cases, neuro-navigation in 23 cases and IOM in 14 cases. All diagnoses were revised according to the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were calculated, and relevant prognostic factors were analyzed. The median follow-up duration was 19 months. Results Fifteen cases were gross total resections (GTR), 6 subtotal resections (STR), and 6 partial resections (PR). Neurological status did not worsen after 22 tumor resections. There were statistically significant differences in terms of the extent of resection between the groups with DTI, neuro-navigation and IOM (n=12, GTR or STR=12) and the group without at least one of the three techniques (n=15, GTR or STR=9, p=0.020). The mean PFS was 87.2±38.0 months, and the mean OS 90.7±36.1 months. The 5-year PFS was 37%, and the 5-year OS 47%. The histological grade (p≤0.001) and adjuvant therapy (done vs. not done, p=0.016) were significantly related to longer PFS. The histological grade (p=0.002) and the extent of removal (GTR/STR vs. PR/biopsy, p=0.047) were significantly related to longer OS. Conclusion Maximal surgical resection was achieved with acceptable morbidity in children with thalamic tumors by employing DTI, neuro-navigation and IOM. Maximal tumor resection was a relevant clinical factor affecting OS; therefore, it should be considered the initial therapeutic option for pediatric thalamic tumors.
Do female great snipe copy each other's mate choice?

Abstract Models of female mate sampling assume that females independently assess the quality of individual males. However, several empirical studies indicate that this assumption may not hold true. Females may copy the mate choice of other females, for example to minimize the costs of mate sampling or to increase the benefits of mate choice. This study investigated if mate choice copying is likely to occur on great snipe, Gallinago media , leks. Whether the observed number of females mating in groups differed from a simulated number of females mating in groups, under the null hypothesis of no copying, was tested. There were no significant differences between the observed and simulated number of group mating females. Group matings were not more prevalent when many females mated on the lek, nor towards the end of the mating season, and were not correlated with male mating skew. The number of group mating females for different proportions of copiers in the population was simulated, and the results tested against the observed number of group matings. These simulations indicate that the proportion of copiers in the population was less than 0.2, and not significantly different from zero. It is concluded that mate choice copying is not an important factor in mate selection by female great snipe.
Effects of Long-Term Multimodal Psychosocial Treatment on Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Changes in Patients With First Episode Psychosis

Background: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic abnormalities are one of the major challenges in the treatment of psychosis, contributing to the morbidity, mortality and treatment non-adherence. Different approaches were used to counteract these side effects but showed only limited or short-term effects. This study aims to analyse the effects of a long-term multimodal treatment program for first episode psychosis on antipsychotic-induced metabolic changes. Methods: We enrolled 71 patients with first episode psychosis treated at the Zagreb University Hospital Centre from 2016 until 2018. Participants were assigned to one of the two groups: day hospital program vs. treatment as usual (TAU). Outcomes were: body weight, blood glucose, lipids and cholesterol, psychopathology and global level of functioning during the 18-months follow-up. Results: Although the TAU group gained more weight and had higher increase of blood glucose, while the day hospital group had a higher increase in total cholesterol at 18th month follow-up, after the adjustment for age, gender and baseline measures, the type of treatment was not significantly associated with any of the primary outcome measures. Patients' psychopathology measures significantly decreased and their functional level significantly increased at month 18th in both groups. Conclusion: While both types of treatment were effective in reducing psychopathology and restoring the patients' level of functioning, both were relatively ineffective in counteracting antipsychotic-induced metabolic abnormalities and antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
The therapy is making me sick: how online portal communications between breast cancer patients and physicians indicate medication discontinuation

Objective Online platforms have created a variety of opportunities for breast patients to discuss their hormonal therapy, a long-term adjuvant treatment to reduce the chance of breast cancer occurrence and mortality. The goal of this investigation is to ascertain the extent to which the messages breast cancer patients communicated through an online portal can indicate their potential for discontinuing hormonal therapy. Materials and Methods We studied the de-identified electronic medical records of 1106 breast cancer patients who were prescribed hormonal therapy at Vanderbilt University Medical Center over a 12-year period. We designed a data-driven approach to investigate patients' patterns of messaging with healthcare providers, the topics they communicated, and the extent to which these messaging behaviors associate with the likelihood that a patient will discontinue a prescribed 5-year regimen of therapy. Results The results indicates that messaging rate over time [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.373, P = 0.002], mentions of side effects (HR = 1.214, P = 0.006), and surgery-related topics (HR = 1.170, P = 0.034) were associated with increased risk of early medication discontinuation. In contrast, seeking professional suggestions (HR = 0.766, P = 0.002), expressing gratitude to healthcare providers (HR = 0.872, P = 0.044), and mentions of drugs used to treat side effects (HR = 0.807, P = 0.013) were associated with decreased risk of medication discontinuation. Discussion and Conclusion This investigation suggests that patient-generated content can inform the study of health-related behaviors. Given that approximately 50% of breast cancer patients do not complete a course of hormonal therapy as described, the identification of factors associated with medication discontinuation can facilitate real-time interventions to prevent early discontinuation.
Preliminary Comparative Study of Innovation Process Model for Startup in Indonesia

The startup is the catalyst that transforms ideas into products. Innovation is widely recognized as an essential enabler of a competitive startup, organizational, academic, and enterprise to survive and thrive. However, many of innovation initiatives do not generate satisfactory profit or competitive advantage. The problem does not rest in the invention part or the generation of innovative ideas, but more in the profitable management of the innovation process from an approach to a successful product in the market. This paper puts forward a comparative study of customer-oriented innovation process model Blank, Ries, and Maurya. This paper quarry is the most appropriate model and best fit with startups samples, and looking for rational reasons to do further research to obtain the innovation process model that more appropriate and specific to startups. This research used an explanatory sequential research design in which qualitative and quantitative studies. These data were gathered from 5 startups in Indonesia through FGD, interviews, and observations. Substantial evidence supports that model Maurya is the most appropriate model and best fit with these startups and additional research is needed to formulate a new model that fully supports creative ecosystem industry in Indonesia.
Empowerment Through Difference: An Online Difference-Education Intervention Closes the Social Class Achievement Gap

A growing body of work suggests that teaching college students a contextual understanding of difference—that students’ different experiences in college are the result of participating in different contexts before college—can improve the academic performance of first-generation students (i.e., students whose parents do not have 4-year college degrees). However, only one empirical study, using an in-person panel format, has demonstrated the benefits of this intervention approach. In the present research, we conduct two studies to test the effectiveness of a new difference-education intervention administered online to individual students. In both studies, first-year students read senior students’ and recent graduates’ stories about how they adjusted to college. In the difference-education condition, stories conveyed a contextual understanding of difference. We found that the online intervention effectively taught students a contextual understanding of difference and closed the social class achievement gap by increasing first-generation students’ psychological empowerment and, thereby, end-of-second-year grades.
Disentangling Latent Factors with Whitening

After the success of deep generative models in image generation tasks, learning disentangled latent variable of data has become a major part of deep learning research. Many models have been proposed to learn an interpretable and factorized representation of latent variable by modifying their objective function or model architecture. While disentangling the latent variable, some models show lower quality of reconstructed images and others increase the model complexity which is hard to train. In this paper, we propose a simple disentangling method with traditional principle component analysis (PCA) which is applied to the latent variables of variational auto-encoder (VAE). Our method can be applied to any generative models. In experiment, we apply our proposed method to simple VAE models and experimental results confirm that our method finds more interpretable factors from the latent space while keeping the reconstruction error the same.
Partial improvement in performance of patients with severe Alzheimer's disease at an early stage of fornix deep brain stimulation

Deep brain stimulation is a therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that has previously been used for mainly mild to moderate cases. This study provides the first evidence of early alterations in performance induced by stimulation targeted at the fornix in severe AD patients. The performance of the five cases enrolled in this study was scored with specialized assessments including the Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating, both before and at an early stage after deep brain stimulation. The burden of caregivers was also evaluated using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview. As a whole, the cognitive performance of patients remained stable or improved to varying degrees, and caregiver burden was decreased. Individually, an improved mental state or social performance was observed in three patients, and one of these three patients showed remarkable improvement in long-term memory. The conditions of another patient deteriorated because of inappropriate antipsychotic medications that were administered by his caregivers. Taken together, deep brain stimulation was capable of improving some cognitive aspects in patients with severe AD, and of ameliorating their emotional and social performance, at least at an early stage. However, long-term effects induced by deep brain stimulation in patients with severe AD need to be further validated. More research should focus on clarifying the mechanism of deep brain stimulation. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03115814) on April 14, 2017.
A Natural Language Interface with Relayed Acoustic Communications for Improved Command and Control of AUVs

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are being tasked with increasingly complex missions. The acoustic communications required for AUVs are, by the nature of the medium, low bandwidth while adverse environmental conditions underwater often mean they are also intermittent. This has motivated development of highly autonomous systems, which can operate independently of their operators for considerable periods of time. These missions often involve multiple vehicles leading not only to challenges in communications but also in command and control (C2). Specifically operators face complexity in controlling multi-objective, multi-vehicle missions, whilst simultaneously facing uncertainty over the current status and safety of several remote high value assets. Additionally, it may be required to perform command and control of these complex missions in a remote control room. In this paper, we propose a combination of an intuitive, natural language operator interface combined with communications that use platforms from multiple domains to relay data over different mediums and transmission modes, improving command and control of collaborative and fully autonomous missions. In trials, we have demonstrated an integrated system combining working prototypes with established commercial C2 software that enables the use of a natural language interface to monitor an AUV survey mission in an onshore command and control centre.
Impact of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Volatile Compounds Produced in Whole Onions (Allium cepa and Allium fistulosum)

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) processing on the volatile compounds produced in onion cultivars. The changes in the volatile compounds of onions were assessed comparing results observed while measured immediately and 24 h after PEF treatment using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Significant increases in the concentrations of propanethial S-oxide, propenyl propyl thiosulfinate, 2-methyl-2-pentenal, dipropyl disulfide, propenyl propyl disulfide, methyl propyl disulfide, and methyl propenyl disulfide were observed immediately after PEF treatment. The concentrations of propenyl propyl thiosulfinate, dipropyl disulfide, methyl propyl disulfide, dipropyl trisulfide, methyl propyl trisulfide, and propenyl propyl trisulfide increased after 24 h compared to initial concentrations. It is postulated that these changes are due to PEF-induced cell permeabilisation that facilitates enzyme-substrate reactions after the PEF treatment.