Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring large optical reflection matrices of turbid media

We report the measurement of a large optical reflection matrix (RM) of a highly disordered medium. Incident optical fields onto a turbid sample are controlled by a spatial light modulator, and the corresponding fields reflected from the sample are measured using full-field Michelson interferometry. The number of modes in the measured RM is set to exceed the number of resolvable modes in the scattering media. We successfully study the subtle intrinsic correlations in the RM which agrees with the theoretical prediction by random-matrix theory when the effect of the limited numerical aperture on the eigenvalue distribution of the RM is taken into account. The possibility of the enhanced delivery of incident energy into scattering media is also examined from the eigenvalue distribution which promises efficient light therapeutic applications.
Experimental research on mechanic behavior under high temperature of chemistry anchor bolts

Through laboratory comparison tests on organic and inorganic chemical anchor bolts under the conditions of different fire temperature,cooling method,and standing time,the high temperature mechanical performance of organic and inorganic chemical anchor bolts was studied.The results show that: after being effected by fire high temperature,the uplift bearing capacity of chemical anchor bolts decreased in a whole series,as the temperature gradually increasing,the anti-pull bearing capacity of organic anchor bolt has a significant reduction,the uplift bearing capacity of inorganic chemical anchor bolt is reduced at the beginning,then shows a slight rebound,at last is significantly reduced;the extreme temperatures of anchor bolt work are 170 ℃ and 450 ℃,the fire-resistant limit temperatures are 300 ℃ and 700 ℃ for organic and inorganic chemical anchor bolts.4 figs,10 refs.
Security for the processor-to-memory interface using field programmable gate arrays.

INTRODUCTION The ever-increasing speed and reliability of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) make them attractive platforms for security applications. Security is a very processor-intensive process, so having a secondary chip in the form of a co-processor or other circuit dedicated to the task can reduce the computational burden on the main processor and allow it to execute other tasks. Furthermore, some security applications require a fast response time which can only be achieved with dedicated hardware circuits. FPGAs provide the flexibility and resources to implement these specialized tasks. Security exists not only on the software level but on the hardware level. Various types of attacks include downloading physical memory to access data, monitoring communication channels to eavesdrop on messages, or reverse-engineering integrated circuits to discover their function. One vulnerable location in a computer system is the interface between a microprocessor and its external memory. An attacker could monitor the exchanges between the microprocessor and external memory by listening on the interconnect bus. Also, the contents of the external memory could be downloaded for analysis [1]. Encrypting memory utilized by the processor can provide some protection against this form of access, but inserting an encryption module between the processor and memory has its challenges. Memory accesses are often the performance bottleneck, so extra processing time for encryption can degrade the application performance [2]. The 2 encryption module will also require transparency to avoid redesign of the processor-to-memory interface. This work utilizes an FPGA in order to design hardware-level encryption [3] that provides a transparent interface for memory accesses with minimal impact on the normal operation of the processor. To demonstrate this functionality, the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm [4] has been implemented in hardware using an FPGA. This module was used as an encryption/decryption device between a test processor and memory. Results from the simulation show that the encryption operates within the theoretical bounds of the cycle time for memory access. The hardware implementation of the test system validates the simulation results. The timing and the resource utilization of the hardware implementation have been analyzed for the processor, memory, and the encryption both separately and as a full system. This thesis is broken down into several chapters: • Chapter Two motivates the usage of FPGAs in security applications. • Chapter Three discusses the DES algorithm and how the algorithm is translated into an FPGA implementation. • Chapter Four describes the processor …
Suggestions for Assessing Process Skills in the Classroom

Teachers take process skills into account when assessing student performance and assigning grades. These include skills like planning, organizing and monitoring work, and making decisions. Teachers need a meaningful structure for their observations of process skills in order to reduce subjective judgements, create a clearer focus for teaching these skills, and facilitate communication with others about a child`s status and progress. This paper suggests categories teachers might use as prototypes for structuring their observations of process skills. The categories provide objective evidence of a child`s skills, a focus for teaching where skills are lacking, and a way of explaining process skills so that a child`s progress may be monitored and communicated to others.
Verification of ESPI stress analysis by means Of FEM

The main goal of this paper is verification of accuracy of ESPI strain sensor Dantec dynamics Q-100. ESPI is the digital holographic interferometry method for measuring small displacements and deformations. There is necessary to consider the isotropic material properties for stress calculations using the ESPI systems. All stress measurements were performed on simple shape specimens subjected to tension and bending. The experimental results obtained on the tensile testing machine Testometric will be compared with results from Finite element calculation. Abstrakt Hlavnim cilem clanku je ověřeni přesnosti měřici metody ESPI pomoci snimace Q-100 od firmy Dantec dynamics. ESPI je digitalni holograficka interferometricka metoda pro měřeni malých posunuti a deformaci. Napěti jsou nasledně vyhodnocena s uvaženim izotropnich vlastnosti materialu. Vsechna měřeni byla provedena na jednoduchých vzorcich namahaných tahem a ohybem. Vzorky byly testovany na zkusebnim stroji Testometric, dosažene experimentalni výsledky budou porovnany s numerickými výsledky, ziskanými metodou konecných prvků.
Solid–Liquid Equilibrium of Theophylline in Solvent Mixtures

In this work, the thermodynamics of theophylline anhydrate and monohydrate were investigated. The solubilities of theophylline anhydrate and monohydrate in methanol–water and isopropanol–water mixtures were measured from 278.15 K to 303.15 K. Then the solubility data were correlated with the combined nearly ideal binary solvent/Redlich–Kister (CNIBS/R–K) model and the modified Jouyban–Acree model, respectively. The water activity aT that corresponds to the transformation between hydrate and anhydrate forms of theophylline was investigated. The water activity was accurately calculated by the Wilson equation and correlated by the van’t Hoff equation. The transformation enthalpy and entropy were calculated as well. The ternary phase diagrams of the theophylline–methanol–water system and theophylline–isopropanol–water system thus were obtained.
Leef Jerky: A Sustainable Meat Product for a Better Future

The current state of meat production is resulting in numerous global environmental issues. Raising animal livestock for slaughter involves significant land and water usage, and is a leading contributor of global greenhouse gas emissions. Lab-grown meat has been investigated as an alternative to conventional meat production. Despite recent advancements in cellular agriculture, perfusable scaffolding remains a prominent issue when trying to develop thick and structured meat. This project aimed to develop an environmentally conscious, lean, structured meat product using decellularized plant leaf scaffold technology. In addition, dried meats were identified as an ideal entry market for lab-grown meat due to their lean nature and high profit margins. Experimental results showed that isolated bovine muscle cells successfully adhered to each of the chosen decellularized plant leaf scaffolds. The adhered cells exhibited alignment, proliferation, confluence, viability, and differentiation into myocytes without the use of adherent protein coatings. The results of this project demonstrate that decellularized plant leaf technology is promising in the future production of dried meat products.
Hydrogen Bonds Computing Server (HBCS): an online web server to compute hydrogen-bond interactions and their precision

Hydrogen bonds in biological macromolecules play significant structural and functional roles. They are the key contributors to most of the interactions without which no living system exists. In view of this, a web-based computing server, the Hydrogen Bonds Computing Server (HBCS), has been developed to compute hydrogen-bond interactions and their standard deviations for any given macromolecular structure. The computing server is connected to a locally maintained Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive. Thus, the user can calculate the above parameters for any deposited structure, and options have also been provided for the user to upload a structure in PDB format from the client machine. In addition, the server has been interfaced with the molecular viewers Jmol and JSmol to visualize the hydrogen-bond interactions. The proposed server is freely available and accessible via the World Wide Web at http://bioserver1.physics. iisc.ernet. in/hbcs/.
Improving the Adsorption and Release Capacity of Organic-Functionalized Mesoporous Materials to Drug Molecules with Temperature and Synthetic Methods

In this report we show that drug incubation temperature, methods used for removing surfactant templates from mesoporous materials and solvents used for placing surface organic functional groups on the materials can improve or affect the adsorption capacity and drug release properties of potentially useful nanoporous silica and organosilica as drug delivery vehicles. This is demonstrated by investigating the adsorption and release properties toward rhodamine 6G (R6G) and an anticancer drug, cisplatin, of various solvent-extracted and calcined mesoporous silicas (MCM-41 and SBA-15), organic-functionalized mesoporous silicas containing terminal organoamine, organothiol and vinyl groups, and bridging organic-functionalized ethane periodic mesoporous organosilica (ethane PMO) under various conditions. Two different solvents, isopropanol and toluene, were used to graft the terminal organic groups from their corresponding organosilanes, producing materials with slightly different adsorption and release propertie.
Optical–optical double resonance LIF detection of in high pressure gas discharges

An optical–optical double resonance (OODR) laser induced fluorescence (LIF) for the detection of the metastable is described. OODR employs the double laser excitation of A–B and B–C nitrogen transitions. Here it is proposed as a sensitive approach to detect in high-pressure discharges. We have tested its sensitivity with respect to conventional single photon LIF by an excitation/detection scheme in which the two wavelengths required are generated by a provisional single laser setup. Other single laser configurations that might allow a sensitivity close to two orders of magnitude larger than that of conventional LIF are proposed. Such gain can be particularly useful for the detection of in non-equilibrium, high-pressure discharges.
Analysis of hydrogen plasma in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition reactor

The aim of this work is to build a numerical model of hydrogen plasma inside a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system. This model will help in understanding and optimizing the conditions for the growth of carbon nanostructures. A 2D axisymmetric model of the system is implemented using the finite element high frequency Maxwell solver and the heat transfer solver in COMSOL Multiphysics. The system is modeled to study variation in parameters with reactor geometry, microwave power, and gas pressure. The results are compared with experimental measurements from the Q-branch of the H2 Fulcher band of hydrogen using an optical emission spectroscopy technique. The parameter γ in Funer's model is calibrated to match experimental observations at a power of 500 W and 30 Torr. Good agreement is found between the modeling and experimental results for a wide range of powers and pressures. The gas temperature exhibits a weak dependence on power and a strong dependence on gas pressure. The inclusion of a verti.
Palladium(II) complexes with R2edda-derived ligands

Abstract Four palladium(II) complexes with R2edda ligands, dichlorido(O,O′-dialkylethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetate)palladium(II) monohydrates, [PdCl2(R2edda)]∙H2O, R = Me, Et, n-Pr, i-Bu, and the new ligand precursor i-Bu2edda∙2HCl∙H2O, O,O′-diisobutylethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetate dihydrochloride monohydrate, were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. DFT calculations were performed for the palladium(II) complexes and a high possibility for isomer formation due to stereogenic N ligand atoms was confirmed. Moreover, DFT simulations revealed energetic profile of isomer formation. Computational outcomes are in agreement with spectroscopic instrumental findings, both strongly indicating a non-stereoselective reaction between selected esters and K2[PdCl4], forming isomers.
Transient Photoconductivity of Ternary CdSSe Nanobelts As Measured by Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy

The frequency- and fluence-dependent transient photoconductivity in ternary CdSSe nanobelts is investigated using time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. The carrier density and mobility are extracted by modeling the measured complex photoconductivity using the Drude–Smith model. Within the first few picoseconds of excitation, both the carrier density and mobility reach their maximum values and then decay gradually over tens to hundreds of picoseconds. The decay of free carriers is mainly attributed to fast surface trapping and structural-defect-mediated recombination. The surface trapping saturates rapidly with increasing excitation fluence attributable to the low trapping density on the nanobelt surface caused by self-passivation of surface defects during the growth process.
Uptake of Gas-Phase SO2, H2S, and CO2 by Aqueous Solutions

The uptake of gas-phase SO2, H2S, and CO2 by aqueous solutions was studied as a function of pH and temperature using droplet train flow reactor and bubble train reactor apparatuses. All three atmospheric species react with H2O and OH-, acidifying aqueous solutions. Studies yielded the reaction rates of SO2, H2S, and CO2 with OH- and the mass accommodation coefficient (α) of SO2 on water as a function of temperature. The second-order aqueous-phase rate coefficients at 291 K for SO2, H2S and CO2 reaction with OH- are (1.1 ± 0.2) × 1010, (1.7 ± 0.2) × 109, and (4.0 ± 0.7) × 103 M-1 s-1, respectively. As far as we can determine, the rate coefficients for SO2 and H2S have been determined here for the first time. At 291 K, for SO2, α = 0.175 ± 0.015, and as in previous studies, the temperature dependence of α is well represented by the relationship α /(1 − α) = exp(−ΔGobs/RT) with ΔHobs = −7.6 ± 0.6 kcal mol-1 and ΔSobs = −29.2 ± 2.1 cal mol-1 K-1.
Recovery of vanadium and nickel from Athabasca tar sands fly ash

Low percentages of vanadium, nickel and iron are associated with the bitumen fraction of tar sands. Compounds of these elements are concentrated into the fly ash produced when the petroleum coke fraction of this bitumen is burned. It appears that these sands also represent a resource for vanadium and, to a lesser degree, for nickel provided that suitable extraction techniques for these metals can be developed. A combination of mineral dressing and pyrometallurgical experiments were performed on two samples of fly ash from the Great Canadian Oil Sands plant near Fort McMurray, Alberta. Both these samples contained carbon that had to be reduced in quantity before the smelting experiments could be performed. Flotation recovered 90 percent of the nickel and 86 percent of the vanadium in a low-carbon fraction and 99 percent of the carbon in a high-carbon fraction containing 85 percent C. Three different smelting flowsheets were investigated, using approximate 30-lb charges in a small single-phase arc furnace.The one that appears to have the greatest potential for high recoveries and for control of the composition of the marketable products consists of a total reduction of all the desired metallic values from the fly ash, using some of the carbon already in the ash as reductant. The resulting alloy would contain Ni, Fe, V, Si, and C. Possible routes for separation of the metallic values contained in this alloy are proposed, but none of these have yet been investigated because of the lack of a sufficient supply of the alloy.
How Family Variables Impact Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization

: In recent years, the number of studies conducted on the inﬂuence of family variables on cyberbullying perpetration and victimization has increased, especially in terms of relational family processes. The present review investigates the role played by family variables on cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. A systematic literature review was conducted in ﬁve databases (ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, ERIC, and Web of Science) from October 2016 to October 2018. During this brief period of time, the number of publications on family variables and cyberbullying, both perpetration and victimization, has signiﬁcantly increased. We eventually reviewed 34 studies which rigorously met the selection criteria of our research. For the analysis of the results, we distinguish between two types of variables according to the following possibilities of pedagogical intervention: Structural (contextual family variables and individual parental processes), and dynamic (relational family processes). Our review found evidence that there is more controversy around structural variables than around dynamic variables. The most consistent variables are family communication and the quality of the family relationship. However, there is a perceived need for clarifying the inﬂuence that different structural variables, parental educational styles, and parental mediation exert on the prevention and consolidation of cyberbullying perpetration and cybervictimization.
RPV Depressurization Strategy Analysis for Chinshan Nuclear Power Plant by Using MAAP5

Abstract When an accident occurs, operators in nuclear power plants (NPPs) must follow emergency operating procedures (EOPs) or severe accident management guidelines (SAMGs). However, EOPs and SAMGs are symptom-based procedures and guidelines to cope with severe transients and accidents. Operators depend on real-time operating parameters of NPPs to perform each action in EOPs or SAMGs. When a beyond-design-basis accident like the Fukushima Daiichi accident of 2011 occurs, EOPs or SAMGs cannot be performed effectively without adequate information. One lesson learned from the Fukushima accident is that such a situation requires advance preparation regarding the key indicators, the water supply, reactor pressure vessel (RPV) depressurization, and containment venting strategies so actions can be performed with limited manpower and time. After the Fukushima accident, Taiwan Power Company established ultimate response guidelines (URGs) and has implemented them in three operating NPPs. An URG is an event-based guideline developed to manage accidents caused by a compound disaster beyond the design basis. The purpose of this study is to find out the differences of RPV depressurization strategies between EOPs and URGs and to discuss the effect of different RPV depressurization strategies on fuel integrity. The plant responses and accident physical phenomena are simulated using MAAP5. The results show that the RPV water level should be maintained as high as possible and the RPV pressure should be controlled sufficiently low at the beginning of RPV emergency depressurization to avoid core uncovery and assure fuel integrity. The URG provides the better RPV depressurization strategy to respond to a beyond-design-basis accident and mitigate an anticipated severe accident consequence as early as possible.
The synthesis of the isomeric N-methyl derivatives of murexine

The two isomeric N-methyl derivatives of murexine have been synthesised by independent routes and shown to be different from an 'N- methylmurexine' reportedly isolated from the mollusc Nucella emarginata. 1H n.m. r. studies have shown a marked difference in the extent of binding to paramagnetic ions of the two N-methyl derivatives of murexine in water while pharmacological results show substantially different pharmacological activities of the two isomers. Both results can be rationalized in terms of the observed activities being associated with the presence of one or the other of the tautomeric forms of the imidazole ring.
Regional personality differences predict variation in COVID-19 infections and social distancing behavior

The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed stark regional variation in the spread of the virus. Combining self-reported personality data (3.5M people) with COVID-19 prevalence rates and behavioral mobility observations (29M people) in the US and Germany, we show that regional personality differences can help explain the early transmission of COVID-19; this is true even after controlling for a wide array of important socio-demographic, economic, and pandemic-related factors. We use specification curve analyses to test the effects of regional personality in a robust and unbiased way. The results indicate that in the early stages of COVID-19, Openness-to-experience acted as a risk factor while Neuroticism acted as a protective factor. The findings also highlight the complexity of the pandemic by showing that the effects of regional personality can differ (i) across countries (Extraversion), (ii) over time (Openness) and (iii) from those previously observed at the individual level (Agreeableness and Conscientiousness).
Real Time Motion Planning for Path Coverage with Applications in Ocean Surveying

REAL TIME MOTION PLANNING FOR PATH COVERAGE WITH APPLICATIONS IN OCEAN SURVEYING by Alexander F. Brown University of New Hampshire, September, 2020 Ocean surveying is the acquisition of acoustic data representing various features of the seafloor and the water above it, including water depth, seafloor composition, the presence of fish, and more. Historically, this was a task performed solely by manned vessels, but with advances in robotics and sensor technology, autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) with sonar equipment are beginning to supplement and replace their more costly crewed counterparts. The popularity of these vessels calls for advances in software to control them. In this thesis we define the problem of path coverage to represent and generalize that of ocean surveying, and propose a real-time motion planning algorithm to solve it. We prove theorems of completeness and local asymptotic optimality regarding the proposed algorithm, and evaluate it in a simulated environment. We also discover a lack of robustness in the Dubins vehicle model when applied to real-time motion planning. We implement a model-predictive controller and other components for an autonomous surveying system, and evaluate it in simulation. The system documented in this thesis takes a step towards fully autonomous ocean surveying, and proposes further extensions that get even closer to that goal.