Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pennsylvania State University

The ability to test engineering ideas and designs at a computational level – before conducting physical tests and even far before real world operation – is a vital and necessary step in the development of that idea and design. Through the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) we are able to test and improve numerous designs prior to conducting a physical test. This ability allows for the best possible model to be designed for continuation into a physical model and to validate the CFD analysis. Discussed here is the applied computational fluid dynamics study and design optimization of a current High Speed Turbine Cascade Facility already existing in the department of Aerospace Engineering. The current facility, located in the Hammond Building of the Pennsylvania State University Campus, and its three-dimensional flow characteristics were modeled with and without a linear cascade test-section attached. Initial designs were analyzed without the cascade in order to decrease computational time and increase the number of designs analyzed of the delivery ducting to the cascade. Designs were focused in two regions of the facility; the initial diffuser out of the second elbow and the stagnation chamber prior to the intended test-section region. Within this diffuser a splitter plate was installed as a preventative separation device for the flow entering the stagnation chamber. However, the splitter plate proved to choke and diminish the energy of the flow and was thus not further analyzed with the addition of the linear cascade system. The modified model, which was designed with a rectangular cross-section, and not a circular, stagnation chamber, proved to reduce total pressure losses measurably. A six-bladed/seven-passage linear cascade system was computationally designed and evaluated with both the existing facility design and the modified design.
Methylated DNA recognition during the reversal of epigenetic silencing is regulated by cysteine and cerine residues in the

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis and is associated with various malignancies, including Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Like all herpesviruses, the EBV life cycle alternates between latency and lytic replication. During latency, the viral genome is largely silenced by host-driven methylation of CpG motifs and, in the switch to the lytic cycle, this epigenetic silencing is overturned. A key event is the activation of the viral BRLF1 gene by the immediate-early protein Zta. Zta is a bZIP transcription factor that preferentially binds to specific response elements (ZREs) in the BRLF1 promoter (Rp) when these elements are methylated. Zta’s ability to trigger lytic cycle activation is severely compromised when a cysteine residue in its bZIP domain is mutated to serine (C189S), but the molecular basis for this effect is unknown. Here we show that the C189S mutant is defective for activating Rp in a Burkitt’s lymphoma cell line. The mutant is compromised both in vitro and in vivo for binding two methylated ZREs in Rp (ZRE2 and ZRE3), although the effect is striking only for ZRE3. Molecular modeling of Zta bound to methylated ZRE3, together with biochemical data, indicate that C189 directly contacts one of the two methyl cytosines within a specific CpG motif. The motif’s second methyl cytosine (on the complementary DNA strand) is predicted to contact S186, a residue known to regulate methyl-ZRE recognition. Our results suggest that C189 regulates the enhanced interaction of Zta with methylated DNA in overturning the epigenetic control of viral latency. As C189 is conserved in many bZIP proteins, the selectivity of Zta for methylated DNA may be a paradigm for a more general phenomenon. Citation: Karlsson QH, Schelcher C, Verrall E, Petosa C, Sinclair AJ (2008) Methylated DNA Recognition during the Reversal of Epigenetic Silencing Is Regulated by Cysteine and Serine Residues in the Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Switch Protein. PLoS Pathog 4(3): e1000005. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat. 1000005 Editor: Bill Sugden, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America Received October 10, 2007; Accepted January 22, 2008; Published March 7, 2008 Copyright: 2008 Karlsson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the BBSRC, and the Royal Society. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: A.J.Sinclair@Sussex.ac. uk . These authors contributed equally to this work.
Implementation of a New Method for Files Copyright Protection in Client-Server Networks

Today, with the expanding use of Internet and various network one of the most important and challenging issues is protection of electronic assets. On the other hand, some rules like copyright law have been created to protect products against unauthorized copying and reproduction. But however, still the problem of people who ignore rules and violate moral rights with producing or using applications with unauthorized methods remains unresolved. In virtual environments, various methods such as watermarking, cryptography, steganography, etc. are used to prevent abuse of files and information, but sometimes using these methods alone does not make much difference. In this paper, a new method for protecting and accessing of the files in e-commerce environments against violation of their copyright is presented. In this method, we have used computer physical address because it is unique for each computer system and it can be used to determine who has the right to Implementation of a New Method for Files Copyright Protection in Client-Server Networks 38 access to the files. This method requires some changes in design and implementation of client-server architecture. Meantime, this method can be used to make copyright law more practical. In this research, also, we will show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method by implementing a system doing so.
Advanced Sharing Reliable Data In The Cloud For The Multi User Group Mr .

Although the cloud computing model is considered to be a very promising internet-based computing platform, it results in a loss of security control over the cloud-hosted assets. This is due to the outsourcing of enterprise IT assets hosted on third-party cloud computing platforms. Moreover, the lack of security constraints in the Service Level Agreements between the cloud providers and consumers results in a loss of trust as well. n this project, we propose a secure multi owner data sharing scheme, for dynamic groups in the cloud. By leveraging group signature and dynamic broadcast encryption techniques, any cloud user can anonymously share data with others.Proposing a new model for Sharing Secure Data in the Cloud for the Multiuser Group
Nanoparticles of soft materials by high-energy milling at low temperatures

The mechanical reduction of micrometer-sized particles for generating nanoparticles of soft materials promises to be a broadly applicable method, in particular for nanometer-sized complex molecules that are difficult to generate. Present size reduction methods, e.g. for pharmaceutical applications, possess still some disadvantages regarding particle size and contaminations. First the paper describes the state of the art of size reduction methods for applications with high purity requirements. Afterwards a new process is presented for the generation of nanoparticles by dry-grinding with a grinding media mill. Comminution takes place at cryogenic temperatures with solid carbon dioxide as additive to decrease agglomeration by cold welding and to generate nanometer-sized particles. Furthermore, grinding media of water-ice is used and subsequently removed to obtain low contaminations. Preliminary experiments are presented with a vibration mill. By using grinding media of water-ice, the power of the vibration mill was inadequate to generate nanoparticles. Therefore a new planetary mill was developed for dry-grinding at cryogenic temperatures with high power. The construction of the planetary mill is presented and first components are shown. By using this new mill experiments shall be accomplished to generate nanoparticles without contaminations.
1 ATMOSPHERES OF EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS AND BROWN DWARFS

Brown dwarfs have masses intermediate to stars and planets, but their atmospheres can span planetary plasma conditions as they cool over time. They are more directly observable than the currently known extrasolar planets. In this paper, we provide a brief summary of the atmospheric properties of brown dwarfs, and apply this knowledge to predict the thermal and spectral properties of extrasolar planets.
Explicit and Implicit Intergroup Attitudes 1 RUNNING HEAD : Explicit and Implicit Intergroup Attitudes System-perpetuating Asymmetries Between Explicit and Implicit Intergroup Attitudes Among Indigenous and Non-indigenous

RUNNING HEAD: Explicit and Implicit Intergroup Attitudes System-perpetuating Asymmetries Between Explicit and Implicit Intergroup Attitudes Among Indigenous and Non-indigenous Chileans Andrés Hayea, Roberto Gonzáleza, Gabriela Ordóñeza, Gerd Bohnerb, Frank Sieblerc, David Sirlopúa, Andrés Millara, Pablo de Tezanos-Pintoa, and David Torresa a Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile b Universität Bielefeld c Universitetet i Tromsø
Åshild Bødal Healthy change processes Relations with job insecurity, sickness absenteeism, sickness presenteeism and turnover intention

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of a healthy change process (HCPI) could predict negative outcomes that normally follow organisational change, such as qualitative job insecurity, total sickness (sickness absenteeism and -presenteesim) and turnover intention. It was hypothesised that negative relationships existed between a healthy change process and qualitative job insecurity, total sickness and turnover intention. In addition, it was believed that experienced stress and subjective health would moderate these relationships. A difference in the perceived healthiness of the change between employees at two different university colleges was also investigated. The data was collected electronically at the University College of Southeast Norway and the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, as they both underwent large scaled mergers (N= 116). The results from several multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed that when employees experience the change as healthy, they also experience less qualitative job insecurity, less total sickness and less turnover intention. No moderation effects of stress or subjective health was obtained for the above relationships. Results also showed that employees at the University College of Southeast Norway, who were one year ahead in terms of the merger, experienced the change as less healthy than employees at the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences. The findings contribute to expanding the literature on the healthy change processes framework and the usage of the HCPI, as well as showing the importance on creating and maintaining change environments that are experienced as healthy among employees.
, exit , fiscal deficits , greek crisis , irreversibility and spreads

Currency Risk in Currency Unions Sovereign yield spreads within currency unions may reflect the risk of outright default. Yet, if exit from the currency union is possible, spreads may also reflect currency risk. In this paper, we develop a New Keynesian model of a small member country of a currency union, allowing both for default within and exit from the union. Initially, the government runs excessive deficits as a result of which it lacks the resources to service the outstanding debt at given prices. We establish two results. First, the initial policy regime is feasible only if market participants expect a regime change to take place at some point, giving rise to default and currency risk. Second, the macroeconomic implications of both sources of risk differ fundamentally. We also analyze the 2009--2012 Greek crisis, using the model to identify the beliefs of market participants regarding regime change. We find that currency risk accounts for about a quarter of Greek yield spreads. JEL Classification: E62 and F41
Renal cyst formation in Fh 1-deficient mice is independent of the Hif / Phd pathway

Citation for published version: Adam, J, Hatipoglu, E, O'Flaherty, L, Ternette, N, Sahgal, N, Lockstone, H, Baban, D, Nye, E, Stamp, GW, Wolhuter, K, Stevens, M, Fischer, R, Carmeliet, P, Maxwell, PH, Pugh, CW, Frizzell, N, Soga, T, Kessler, BM, El-Bahrawy, M, Ratcliffe, PJ & Pollard, PJ 2011, 'Renal cyst formation in Fh1-deficient mice is independent of the Hif/Phd pathway: roles for fumarate in KEAP1 succination and Nrf2 signaling' Cancer cell, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 524-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr. 2011.09. 006
Unconventional r sources technology Estimation of dispersion in orientations of natural fractures from

T article describes a statistical methodology to estimate dominant fracture orientation and dispersion from seismically calculated 3D structural attributes. The orientation-dispersion parameter is a modified version of the circular variance that is independent of direction and can be used to compute the Fisher coefficient, a key parameter in the probability density function used in discrete-fracture-network (DFN) modeling to stochastically generate fracture orientations. We show examples of applications to seismic-constrained DFN modeling and perform flow simulations on fractured models built using different dispersion-parameter models to discuss possible implications for drainage of naturally fractured unconventional reservoirs.
STUDIES ON YOGURT PRODUCTION USING Lactobacillus bulgaricus AND Streptococcus thermophilus ISOLATED FROM MARKET YOGURT

Yogurt is a fermented milk product obtained from fermentation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus strains. The aim of this study was to produce yogurt using isolated native starters Lactobacillus delbruckii sub sp. Bulgaricus and Streptococcus saliverius sub sp. thermophilus. In this study yogurt samples were collected from the local markets. The native starters were isolated, purified and identified according to Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were screened with respect to their acid and flavour production for the preparation of a natural yogurt and compared to a commercial starter cultures. Yogurt was made by inoculating isolated bacteria (starter culture) usually Lactobacillus delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus saliverius subsp. thermophilus into milk. After inoculation the mixture was incubated at 42 ° C for 6 to 8 hours and coagulation was observed and yogurt pH was measured. It is well known that yogurt production using native starter cultures instead of commercial ones is beneficial in respect of both economic and organoleptic aspects. The present results indicated that the isolated native yogurt starters can be used in yogurt manufacturing industry at a large scale.
Molecular Characterization and Association of Local Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus on The Basis of 16 S rRNA in Poultry and Human in Pakistan

RESEARCH ARTICLE Molecular Characterization and Association of Local Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus on The Basis of 16S rRNA in Poultry and Human in Pakistan Muhammad Rizwan Ashraf 1 , Muhammad Asif 1 , 2 , * , Sehr ish Firyal , Af tab Ahmed Anjum, Usman Waheed , Asghar Hussain 3 , Muhammad Farooq 2 and Qaiser Mahmood Khan Universi ty of Veter inary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan National Inst i tu te for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineer ing, Faisalabad, Pakistan Universi ty of Veter inary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Sub-campus Jhang, Pakistan
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evasion of a neutralizing anti-V 3 antibody involves acquisition of a potential glycosylation site in V 2

Received 7 October 2009 Accepted 18 December 2009 It has been reported that the addition of a potential N-linked glycosylation site (PNGS) to the gp120 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein provides protection against neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) by acting as a ‘glycan shield’. In this study, we induced insertion of a PNGS into the V2 region of HIV-1BaL with the KD-247 anti-V3 neutralizing monoclonal antibody. In the presence of KD-247 (200 mg ml) at passage five, viruses with 3 aa mutations in the C2 (T240S and I283T) and V3 (T319A) regions expanded from pre-existing variants. After six passages with KD-247 (.300 mg ml), a PNGS emerged in the V2 region in addition to C2 (T240S) and V3 mutations (R315K and F317L). A variant with a PNGS insertion in V2, but no V3 mutations was sensitive to KD-247, whereas a clone with a V2 PNGS insertion and mutations in V3 demonstrated a high level of resistance to KD-247. Replication kinetic analysis revealed that the F317L mutation in V3 played a compensatory role for fitness-loss caused by the PNGS insertion in V2. The evading HIV-1 variant did not revert back to the wild-type virus after 14 passages without KD-247. These findings demonstrate that the virus with fitness-loss mutations can replicate equally as well as the wild-type virus to acquire some key mutations in the V3 stem and the C2 region, and the compensated variants containing PNGS do not revert back to the ancestral virus even in the absence of NAb.
Prosodic marking of focus in Nafsan

Languages use a variety of means to realise informational structure categories like topicalisation and focus. The interaction between prosody and focus realisation strategies was examined in Nafsan, a Southern Oceanic language of Vanuatu, in a series of tasks that were designed to explore prosodic realisation of informational and contrastive focus on nouns that were subjects or objects in mini-dialogues where word-order was manipulated. All speakers produced utterance-initial or utterance-final focal elements with a major pitch movement associated with the focused noun (subject or object). Focused nouns were also realised with a wider pitch and often realised in their own prosodic phrase compared to the same item in non-focal contexts. There was also significant syllable lengthening at the right edge of in-focus words. In utterance-initial contexts, post-focal material in Nafsan was almost always produced in a relatively compressed pitch range and there was evidence of de-phrasing of non-focal nouns regardless of utterance position, suggesting prosodic phrasing patterns similar to other languages with edge-marking prominence.
TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY OVER SOUTH AMERICA AND ENSO - 1979 TO 2017

Chaves et al. (2008, Clivar Exchanges) and Collins et al. (2008, J. Climate) investigated the variation in the air temperature at 2 meters above the Earth’s surface in South America (SA) varied in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCAR) reanalysis dataset between 1948 and 2007. The results presented in these studies indicated that climate change over SA may be due to not only natural variability of the climate but also human activity.
Title Adaptive Techniques for Minimizing Middleware Memory Footprint for Distributed , Real-Time , Embedded Systems Permalink

In order for middleware to be widely useful for distributed, real-time, and embedded systems, it should provide a full set of services and be easily customizable to meet the memory footprint limitations of embedded systems. In this paper, we examine a variety of techniques used to reduce memory footprint in middleware. We found that combining aspect-oriented programming with code shrinkers and obfuscators reduces the memory footprint of CORBA middleware to <5% of its original size, as customized for a small client application for a memoryconstrained embedded device. Keywords-distributed systems; embedded systems; real-time systems; CORBA; middleware; aspect-oriented programming; memory footprint
itogenomics of the mountain tapir ( Tapirus pinchaque , apiridae , Perissodactyla , Mammalia ) in Colombia and Ecuador : hylogeography and insights into the origin and systematics f the South American tapirs anuel

We sampled 45 Andean mountain tapirs (Tapirus pinchaque) from Colombia and Ecuador and sequenced 15 mitochondrial genes (two rRNA and 13 protein codifying genes)—making up 13,939 base pairs, approximately 83.1% of the total mitochondrial DNA’s length. The overall sample had low to medium levels of nucleotide diversity with diversity slightly higher for the Colombian population. Both populations experienced high historical gene flow and our genetic heterogeneity analyses revealed a low genetic differentiation between them. Therefore, we did not detect any molecular subspecies, or significantly different evolutionary units for T. pinchaque. This species experienced a population expansion in the last 100,000 years but this expansion was more pronounced in the Ecuadorian population especially in the last 10,000 years, whereas the Colombian population underwent a strong bottleneck in the last 5,000 patial genetic structure hylogenetic analyses years. There was no significant spatial trend in genetic structure for the mountain tapir in Colombia and Ecuador. Phylogenetic analyses did not detect any important geographic clade within this species. Temporal split between T. pinchaque and T. terrestris might have occurred around 7–1.5 million years ago (MYA). T. pinchaque and T. terrestris + T. kabomani are two monophyletic clades, suggesting that T. kabomani is not a full species. © 2015 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Säugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
A novel design of multiplexer based on nano‐scale quantum‐dot cellular automata

Quantum‐dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is known as one of best alternative technologies for CMOS, on nano‐scale dimensions, which allows digital circuits to be designed with high speed and density. In this paper, a novel 2:1 multiplexer in QCA technology is proposed. This proposed QCA multiplexer uses a new formulation based on an introduced MV32 gate. The MV32 gate has three inputs and two outputs and operates based on cell interactions. A multi‐layer design for proposed 2:1 QCA multiplexer is provided. The simulation results obtained by the software, QCADesigner 2.0. 3, confirm that the proposed multiplexer works well and can be applied as a high performance design, in QCA technology. Moreover, the 2:1 QCA multiplexer is used to create 4:1 and 8:1 QCA multiplexers. The results of comparisons show that the proposed structures have so better performance than many previous designs.