Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurourology and Urodynamics

Correspondence Diego de Sousa Dantas, Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Branco Avenue, Natal, RN 59200‐000, Brazil. Email: diegodantas1@gmail.com Abstract Aims: To analyze the association between urinary incontinence and disability status in premenopausal women. Materials and Methods: The study included 120 premenopausal women recruited from six Basic Family Health Units to participate in this study. We assessed sociodemographic, gynecological, and obstetric data by using specific questions. The International Continence Society's definitions were applied to determine the presence and type of urinary incontinence, and the disability was assessed by using the 36‐item version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0. Results: The WHODAS scores showed that women with urinary incontinence had a worse disability in cognition (P= .023) and mobility (P= .020) domains, in addition to the total score (P= .23). Women with mixed urinary incontinence had a worse disability in mobility domain (P= .039) than those with stress or urgency incontinence. Qualitative analyses of disability showed a significant difference between women with and without urinary incontinence (P= .033), with higher percentages of incontinent women with moderate and severe disability. Women who reported urinary incontinence had 7.69 more points on the final score of WHODAS than those who did not report this outcome. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence in women of reproductive age is associated with disability and worse scores of WHODAS when we compare them to women without urine leakage. The results presented can be useful for designing and adapting strategies for comprehensive care of women with urinary incontinence and disability, and developing rehabilitation programs based on functioning.
Prediction of the Impact of Cytochrome P450 2C9 Genotypes on the Drug–Drug Interaction Potential of Siponimod With Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling: A Comprehensive Approach for Drug Label Recommendations

We predicted the drug–drug interaction (DDI) potential of siponimod in presence of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C9/CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers in subjects with different CYP2C9 genotypes by physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling. The model was established using in vitro and clinical PK data and verified by adequately predicting siponimod PK when coadministered with rifampin. With strong and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, an increased DDI risk for siponimod was predicted for CYP2C9*3/*3 genotype vs. other genotypes area under the curve ratio (AUCR): 3.03–4.20 vs. ≤ 1.49 for strong; 2.42 vs. 1.14–1.30 for moderate. AUCRs increased with moderate (2.13–2.49) and weak (1.12–1.42) CYP3A4/CYP2C9 inhibitors to the same extent for all genotypes. With strong CYP3A4/moderate CYP2C9 inducers and moderate CYP3A4 inducers, predicted AUCRs were 0.21–0.32 and 0.35–0.71, respectively. This complementary analysis to the clinical PK‐DDI studies confirmed the relevant influence of CYP2C9 polymorphism on the DDI behavior of siponimod and represented the basis for the DDI labeling recommendations.
Parametric instability of an elongated pool of liquid metal in a low frequency magnetic field

Preliminary experimental work demonstrates the existence of parametric instabilities on the edge of a elongated pool of liquid metal which are driven by a low frequency vertical magnetic field. These instabilities cause the formation of varicose (V) and sinuous (S) modes on the edge of the pool. We present a theoretical investigation of the parametric instabilities by considering a strip of liquid metal in the presence of a vertical, uniform, low frequency magnetic field. From our model we determine the threshold value of magnetic field strength required to excite various various modes.
Effect of straw mulch application on nutrient concentration in runoff and sediment in a humid region in Kenya

Straw mulch use has been studied extensively especially for soil erosion and runoff control in arid and semi-arid regions but few studies have been done with regard to nutrient loss and accumulation in humid climate regions in Africa. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of straw mulch application using different methods on nutrient loss and accumulation in a humid region in Kenya. Straw mulch was applied to runoff plots at 0, 3 and 5 Mg ha-1, either incorporated into the 0 to 0.2 m soil layer or placed on the soil surface. The concentration of NH4–N, NO3–N, and PO4–P in the runoff decreased exponentially and significantly with advancing time. The K concentration in the runoff followed a hyperbolic pattern with a minimum value between 33 and 55 days after planting. In all the treatments, the concentrations of the NH4–Nassociated with the sediments decreased, in general, with advancing time. However, no corresponding progressive increases of the NO3–N concentration in the sediments were observed. The concentrations of the sediments-associated NH4–N, NO3–N, PO4–P and K in the mulch treatments were higher than those in the control, although these differences were not significant in all the rainstorms. Under this humid climate, either surface placement or incorporation of straw mulch at 3 or 5 Mg ha-1 enriched the soil with NO3–N, PO4–P and K. The soil was enriched with NH4–N after incorporating straw mulch at 3 Mg ha-1 and or surface application at 3 and 5 Mg ha-1. Key words: Erosion, nutrient accumulation, nutrient loss, sediment enrichment, water quality.
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 inhibits activation of ERK signaling and cell growth in response to β-adrenergic stimulation in adult rat cardiomyocytes

Sustained elevation of sympathetic activity is an important contributor to pathological cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular arrhythmias, and left ventricular contractile dysfunction in chronic heart failure. The orphan nuclear receptor NR4A2 is an immediate early-response gene activated in the heart under β-adrenergic stimulation. The goal of this study was to identify the transcriptional remodeling events induced by increased NR4A2 expression in cardiomyocytes and their impact on the physiological response of those cells to sustained β-adrenergic stimulation. Treatment of adult rat ventricular myocytes with isoproterenol induced a rapid (<4 h) increase in NR4A2 levels that was accompanied by a transient (<24 h) increase in nuclear localization of the transcription factor. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of NR4A2 to similar levels modulated the expression of genes linked to adrenoceptor signaling, calcium signaling, cell growth and proliferation and counteracted the increase in protein synthesis rate and cell surface area mediated by chronic isoproterenol stimulation. Consistent with those findings, NR4A2 overexpression also blocked the phosphorylative activation of growth-related kinases ERK1/2, Akt, and p70 S6 kinase. Prominent among the transcriptional changes induced by NR4A2 was the upregulation of the dual-specificity phosphatases DUSP2 and DUSP14, two known inhibitors of ERK1/2. Pretreatment of NR4A2-overexpressing cardiomyocytes with the DUSP inhibitor BCI [(E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one] prevented the inhibition of ERK1/2 following isoproterenol stimulation. In conclusion, our results suggest that NR4A2 acts as a novel negative feedback regulator of the β-adrenergic receptor-mediated growth response in cardiomyocytes and this at least partly through DUSP-mediated inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling.
Penetration and early colonization in basidiosporederived infection on needles of Pinus pinea L. by Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint.

Abstract The behaviour and the morphology of the infection structures of the monokaryotic phase of Cronartium flaccidume studied on needles of Pinus pinea seedlings inoculated with the rust basidiospore. It was found that the penetration and early colonization structures of C. flaccidum in the monokaryotic phase maintained the morphological and functional significance of the typical monokaryotic ones, even if some aspects of their behaviour seemed to recall those of the dikaryon. A possible hypothesis as to the reason for the dynamics of penetration carried out on the markedly cutinized needles of pine by C. flaccidum in the monokaryotic phase is discussed. It can be concluded that in C. flaccidum in the monokaryotic phase it is the nuclear set which determines the morphology and function of the structures involved in the infection process; this is true even if the histological characteristics of the host organ which this rust species has evolved to infect in nature, condition its way of penetration.
18F-FDG PET/CT Quantitative Parameters and Texture Analysis Effectively Differentiate Endometrial Precancerous Lesion and Early-Stage Carcinoma

Objective: This study evaluated the metabolic parameters and texture features of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) for the diagnosis and differentiation of endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH), EAH with field cancerization (FC), and stage 1A endometrial carcinoma (EC 1a). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the metabolic parameters of PET/CT in 170 patients with diagnoses confirmed by pathology, including 57 cases of EAH (57/170, 33.53%), 45 cases of FC (45/170, 26.47%), and 68 cases of EC 1a (68/170, 40.0%). Then, the texture features of each tumor were extracted and compared with the metabolic parameters and pathological results using nonparametric tests and linear regression analysis. The diagnostic performance was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) values obtained from receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: There were moderate positive correlations between the PET standardized uptake values (SUVpeak, SUVmax, and SUVmean) and postoperative pathological features with correlation coefficients (r s) of 0.663, 0.651, and 0.651, respectively (P < .001). Total lesion glycolysis showed relatively low correlation with pathological characteristics (r s = 0.476), whereas metabolic tumor volume and age showed the weakest correlations (r s = 0.186 and 0.232, respectively). To differentiate between the diagnosis of EAH and FC, SUVmax displayed the largest AUC of 0.857 (sensitivity, 82.2%; specificity, 84.2%). Five texture features were screened out as Percentile 40, Percentile 45, InverseDifferenceMoment_AllDirection_offset 1, InverseDifferenceMoment_angle 45_offset 4, and ClusterProminence_angle 135_offset 7 (P < .001) by linear model of texture analysis (AUC = 0.851; specificity = 0.692; sensitivity = 0.871). To differentiate between the diagnoses of FC and EC 1a, SUVpeak displayed the largest AUC of 0.715 (sensitivity, 67.6%; specificity, 77.8%), and 2 texture features were identified as Percentile 10 and CP_angle 135_offset 7 (AUC = 0.819; specificity = 0.871; sensitivity = 0.766; P < .001). Conclusions: SUVmax and SUVpeak had the highest diagnostic values for EAH, FC, and EC 1a compared with the other tested parameters. SUVmax, Percentile 40, Percentile 45, InverseDifferenceMoment_AllDirection_offset 1, InverseDifferenceMoment_angle 45_offset 4, and ClusterProminence_angle 135_offset 7 distinguished EAH from FC. SUVpeak, Percentile 10, and ClusterProminence_angle 135_offset 7 distinguished FC from EC 1a. This study showed that the addition of texture features provides valuable information for differentiating EAH, FC, and EC 1a diagnoses.
Cardiovascular factors moderate the association of infection burden with cognitive function in young to middle-aged U.S. adults

Background Infectious diseases might affect cognitive aging and dementia risk, possibly via neuroinflammation. Similarly, risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are associated with cognitive function and dementia. We hypothesized that cardiovascular risk factors moderate the association of exposure to infectious diseases with cognitive function. Methods We studied 5662 participants aged 20 to 59 years from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994) in the United States. We used linear regression to investigate whether the Framingham general cardiovascular risk index moderated the association of infection burden based on exposure to eight different infectious diseases with cognitive functioning as measured by the Symbol Digit Substitution, Serial Digit Learning, and Reaction Time tests. Results The multiplicative interaction between the infection-burden index and the cardiovascular-risk index was associated with performance on the Symbol Digit Substitution (B = .019 [95% CI: .008, .031], p < .001) but not on the Serial Digit Learning (B = .034 [95% CI: -.025, .094]) or for Reaction Time (B = -.030 [95% CI: -.848, .787]). Participants with a lower cardiovascular risk appeared to be more resilient against the potential adverse effects of higher infection burden on the Symbol Digit Substitution task. Conclusions Participants at zero risk for a cardiovascular event in the next 10 years had no differences in processing speed with increasing exposure to infectious disease, whereas participants with higher risk for a cardiovascular event had worse processing speed with increased exposure to infectious disease.
Protein Valuation in Food Choice Is Positively Associated with Lean Mass in Older Adults

ABSTRACT Background Calorie for calorie, protein is more satiating than carbohydrate or fat. However, it remains unclear whether humans perceive calories derived from these macronutrients equally and whether lean mass is associated with a tendency to “value” protein when dietary decisions are made. Objectives This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of a novel method for quantifying macronutrient valuations in human volunteers and to determine whether “protein valuation” is associated with a higher fat-free mass index (FFMI) in older adults. Methods A 2-alternative, forced-choice task in which 25 foods were compared in 300 trials was undertaken in 2 studies. In study 1, participants (age range 19–71 y, n = 92) attended 2 test sessions, spaced 1 wk apart. In study 2, older adults (age range 40–85 y; n = 91) completed the food-choice task and assessed the test foods for liking, expected satiety, and perceived healthiness. Body composition and habitual protein intake were assessed in both studies. Data were analyzed through the use of individual binomial logistic regressions and multilevel binomial logistic regressions. Results In study 1, measures of macronutrient valuation showed excellent test-retest reliability; responses in the forced-choice task were highly correlated (week 1 compared with week 2; protein, r = 0.83, P < 0.001; carbohydrate, r = 0.90, P < 0.001; fat, r = 0.90, P < 0.001). Calorie for calorie, protein and carbohydrate were stronger predictors of choice than fat (P < 0.001). In study 2, protein was a stronger predictor than both carbohydrate (P = 0.039) and fat (P = 0.003), and a positive interaction was observed between protein valuation and FFMI (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.38, 1.95; P < 0.001). This was the case after controlling for age, gender, liking for foods, and habitual protein consumption. Conclusions Together, these findings demonstrate that adult humans value calories derived from protein, carbohydrate, and fat differently, and that the tendency to value protein is associated with greater lean mass in older adults.
Skin Temperatures in Females Wearing a 2 mm Wetsuit during Surfing

The aim of this investigation was to examine regional skin temperatures in recreational female surfers’ wearing a 2 mm thick neoprene wetsuit while surfing and to compare these results to previously published data collected in males participating in an identical study. Female surfers (n = 27) engaged in surfing for at least 40 min while wearing a commercially available 2 mm full wetsuit. Skin temperature of eight different anatomical locations were measured with wireless iButton thermal sensors. Regional skin temperatures significantly differed (p < 0.001) across almost all anatomical regions. Furthermore, regional skin temperatures significantly decreased across time at all skin regions throughout an average surfing session (p < 0.001). The greatest reduction in skin temperature was observed in the lower leg (−5.4 °C). Females in the current study exhibited a significantly greater skin temperature decrease in the lower back (−15.2% vs. −10.8%, p = 0.022) and lower arm (−13.6% vs. −10.8%, p < 0.001) when compared to previous data published in males. Overall, results of the current study are consistent with data previously published on male recreational surfers. However, the current study provides preliminary evidence that the magnitude of change in skin temperature may differ between male and female recreational surfers at some anatomical locations.
An Improvement for Location Accuracy Algorithm of Moving Indoor Objects

This paper addresses the problem of moving object localization using Ultra-Wide-Band(UWB) range measurement and the method of location accuracy improvement of the indoor moving object. Unlike outdoor environment, it is difficult to track moving object position due to various noises in indoor. UWB is a radio technology that has attention for localization applications recently. UWB's ranging technique offer the cm accuracy. Its capabilities for data transmission, range accurate estimation and material penetration are suitable technology for indoor positioning application. This paper propose a positioning algorithm of an moving object using UWB ranging technique and particle filter. Existing positioning algorithms eliminate estimation errors and bias after location estimation of mobile object. But in this paper, the proposed algorithm is that eliminate predictable UWB range distance error first and then estimate the moving object's position. This paper shows that the proposed positioning algorithm is more accurate than existing location algorithms through experiments. In this study, the position of moving object is estimated after the triangulation and eliminating the bias and the ranging error from estimation range between three fixed known anchors and a mobile object using UWB. Finally, a particle filter is used to improve on accuracy of mobile object positioning. The results of experiment show that the proposed localization scheme is more precise under the indoor.
Analysis of ROH patterns in the Noriker horse breed reveals signatures of selection for coat color and body size

Summary Overlapping runs of homozygosity (ROH islands) shared by the majority of a population are hypothesized to be the result of selection around a target locus. In this study we investigated the impact of selection for coat color within the Noriker horse on autozygosity and ROH patterns. We analyzed overlapping homozygous regions (ROH islands) for gene content in fragments shared by more than 50% of horses. Long‐term assortative mating of chestnut horses and the small effective population size of leopard spotted and tobiano horses resulted in higher mean genome‐wide ROH coverage (S ROH) within the range of 237.4–284.2 Mb, whereas for bay, black and roan horses, where rotation mating is commonly applied, lower autozygosity (S ROH from 176.4–180.0 Mb) was determined. We identified seven common ROH islands considering all Noriker horses from our dataset. Specific islands were documented for chestnut, leopard spotted, roan and bay horses. The ROH islands contained, among others, genes associated with body size (ZFAT, LASP1 and LCORL/NCAPG), coat color (MC1R in chestnut and the factor PATN1 in leopard spotted horses) and morphogenesis (HOXB cluster in all color strains except leopard spotted horses). This study demonstrates that within a closed population sharing the same founders and ancestors, selection on a single phenotypic trait, in this case coat color, can result in genetic fragmentation affecting levels of autozygosity and distribution of ROH islands and enclosed gene content.
Gene Expression Data Based Deep Learning Model for Accurate Prediction of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Advance

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), one of the most common adverse effects, leads to drug development failure or withdrawal from the market in most of the cases, showing an emerging challenge that is to accurately predict DILI in early stage. Recently, the vast amount of gene expression data provides us valuable information for distinguishing DILI on a genomic scale. Moreover, deep learning algorithm is a powerful strategy to automatically learn important features from raw and noisy data and shows great success in the field of medical diagnosis. In this study, a gene expression data based deep learning model was developed to predict DILI in advance by using gene expression data associated with DILI collected from ArrayExpress, and then optimized by feature gene selection and parameters optimization. In addition, the previous machine learning algorithm support vector machine (SVM) was also used to construct another prediction model based on the same datasets, comparing the model performance with the optimal DL model. Finally, the evaluation test using 198 randomly selected samples showed that the optimal DL model achieved 97.1% accuracy, 97.4% sensitivity, 96.8% specificity, 0.942 matthews correlation coefficient and 0.989 area under the ROC curve, while the performance of SVM model only reached 88.9% accuracy, 78.8% sensitivity, 99.0% specificity, 0.794 matthews correlation coefficient and 0.901 area under the ROC curve. Furthermore, external data sets verification and animal experiments were conducted to assess the optimal DL model performance. Finally, the predicted results of the optimal DL model were almost consistent with experiment results. These results indicated that our gene expression data based deep learning model could systematically and accurately predict DILI in advance. It could be a useful tool to provide safety information for drug discovery and clinical rational drug use in early stage, and become an important part of drug safety assessment.
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is HV1 certified, not GRAS

Pseudomonas putida is rapidly becoming a workhorse for industrial production due to its metabolic versatility, genetic accessibility and stress‐resistance properties. The P. putida strain KT2440 is often described as Generally Regarded as Safe, or GRAS, indicating the strain is safe to use as food additive. This description is incorrect. P. putida KT2440 is classified by the FDA as HV1 certified, indicating it is safe to use in a P1 or ML1 environment.