Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photonic crystal Fano resonances for realizing optical switches, lasers, and non-reciprocal elements

We present our work on photonic crystal membrane devices exploiting Fano resonance between a line-defect waveguide and a side coupled nanocavity. Experimental demonstration of fast and compact all-optical switches for wavelength-conversion is reported. It is shown how the use of an asymmetric structure in combination with cavity-enhanced nonlinearity can be used to realize non-reciprocal transmission at ultra-low power and with large bandwidth. A novel type of laser structure, denoted a Fano laser, is discussed in which one of the mirrors is based on a Fano resonance. Finally, the design, fabrication and characterization of grating couplers for efficient light coupling in and out of the indium phosphide photonic crystal platform is discussed.
Support Vector Machine Identification of Stretch Reflex Dynamics

System identification techniques have been used widely to find mathematical descriptions for physiological systems from measured input/output data. Since these systems often contain hard nonlinearities, block structured models, cascades of static nonlinearities and dynamic linear systems, can be used to represent them [1]. The main advantage of such models over other nonlinear models is that they retain much of the simplicity of linear models, but can nevertheless be used to approximate many nonlinear systems very accurately. The simplest of these is the Hammerstein cascade: a memoryless nonlinearity followed by a dynamic linear element.
Silicon Solar Cell Enhancement by Using Au Nanoparticles

The purpose of the study is to enhance the efficiency of the silicon solar cell via plasmonic caterrig. Au nanoparticles with diameter range from 20.09 to 41.07 nm are deposited on the top of silicon solar cells and annealed under vacuum at different temperatures. The thermal treatment promotes the morphological modification of the particles leading to a discrete structure of Au particles. The particle sizes, shape, height, and inter-particle distance depend of the initial deposition condition and annealing temperature. Structural modifications lead to changes in the optical properties of the samples. Maximum absorption occurred at 520 nm, with intensity varying due to the particle size. Variation of capacitance as a function of reverse bias voltage in the range of (0-2) Volt at frequency equal to 100 kHz has been studied. Overall fill factor is increased from 0.5388 for bare Si solar cell to 0.629 for cells with Au nanoparticles annealed at 200 o C, mainly resulting in the improvement of the photocurrent as a result of enhanced absorption of the photoactive due to the high electromagnetic field strength in the vicinity of the excited surface Plasmon.
RATES VERSUS COUNTS: FALL MOLTS OF LUCY'S WARBLERS (VERMIVORA LUCIAE)

Abstract New specimens from Sinaloa, Mexico, as well as two older specimens, show that both adult and recently fledged Lucy's Warblers (Vermivora luciae) often move far south of their breeding grounds to molt in the tropical deciduous forests of northwestern Mexico. Remarkably, the first preformative (= first prebasic) molt is complete in Lucy's Warblers, including the replacement of flight feathers, primary coverts, and rectrices; thus, previous aging criteria based on the wear and appearance of these feathers are invalid. We suggest that the recent conclusion that Lucy's Warblers molt on their breeding grounds (Voelker and McFarland 2002) is an artifact of more collecting in the southwestern United States than in western Mexico during late summer. An index of relative collecting in Mexico and the United States, as well as data from constant-effort mist netting, suggest that most Lucy's Warblers move south to molt. Tasas versus Conteos: Mudas de Otoño de Vermivora luciae
Physical properties and the variability mechanism of the He I outflow in NGC 4151

We report on variable helium absorption lines in NGC 4151 observed across six epochs of quasi-simultaneous near-infrared and optical data. These observations cover the transitions from the metastable 2 3 S state at 3889 ˚ and 10830 ˚ and from the 2 1 S state at 20587 ˚ This is the first AGN absorption line variability study to include measurements of the 20587 ˚ line. The physical properties of the absorber recorded at the fifth observational epoch are relatively well constrained by the presence of absorption in both the optical and near-infrared components, with the 10830 ˚ line likely saturated. The observations suggest variations in this absorber’s strength are best explained by ionization changes in response to a variable incident continuum. Photoionization simulations constrain the total hydrogen number density of the epoch 5 absorber to 7.16log(nH/cm i3 )68.8, the hydrogen column density to 21.26log(NH/cm i2 )623.3 and the ionization parameter range to i1.96logU60. 4. The simulations also suggest the absorber is located between 0.03 and 0.49 pc from the continuum emission region. This range in physical properties is consistent with an absorber of similar velocity seen in NGC 4151 from previous ultraviolet and optical studies, but with high column density X-ray absorbing components not present. The mass outflow rate due to the fifth epoch absorber is in the range 0.008 to 0.38 Mfl yr i1 , too low to contribute to galaxy feedback eects.
A Comparative Study of Ostensible Invitations in English and Persian

The present study was carried out with the purpose of describing the defining features of Persian genuine and ostensible invitations in terms of pragmatics. The data were collected based on the spontaneous Persian invitations. 120 EFL (English as a Foreign Language) graduate and undergraduate students participated in this study. Then, the results were compared with genuine and ostensible invitations in English. The framework of data collection and analysis was the work of Isaacs and Clark (1990). Our results indicated that Persian ostensible invitations in some cases were more complex than the English ones. The features presented for ostensible invitations in English were not sufficient to distinguish the ostensible invitations from the genuine invitations in Persian. In some cases, invitations meeting the criteria for being genuine in English can be classified as ostensible by Persian speakers. Persian speakers use a considerable number of ostensible invitations in their daily activities as a manifestation of ritual politeness (ta'arof). A chi-square was carried out to analyze the data and determine whether Persian native speakers benefit from the same strategies in their extending invitations as their English counterparts do. The results of the data analysis revealed that the ways of extending invitations in Persian are similar to those of English. But the difference was only a matter of degree. On the other hand, the relationship between ostensible and genuine invitations in Persian and English regarding seven strategies defined by Isaacs and Clark (1990) was not significant. This is to say that in some strategies there were meaningful relationships between two types of invitations but in some strategies there were no such relationships. Key words : Ostensible invitation; English; Persian; Pragmatics
Retail Out-of-stocks in the Context of Centralized and Direct Delivery

The delivery of the right product, at the right time to the retail store, only seems to be an easy process. The smallest problem can cause the out-of-stock (OOS) situation, which may prevent customers to buy products they were looking for. Consequently, it affects retailers and their suppliers through potential operational inefficiencies, sale losses and eventually the losses of their loyal customers. Starting from these problems, by using the data of a large Serbian retailer, this paper analyses out-of-stocks in the context of two alternative delivery systems, centralized and direct. For calculating OOS rates the perpetual inventory aggregation metrics was used, while the occurrence of out-of-stocks was modelled by the application of probit regression analysis. The results have shown that delivery system has a significant impact on the probability of a stock-out, indicating potential problems in the centralized system. In addition, the analysis included certain product and store characteristics that also significantly affect the average probability of stock-outs.
Three dimensional MHD Modeling of Vertical Kink Oscillations in an Active Region Plasma Curtain

Observations on 2011 August 9 of an X6.9-class flare in active region (AR) 11263 by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on-board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), were followed by a rare detection of vertical kink oscillations in a large-scale coronal active region plasma curtain in EUV coronal lines. The damped oscillations with periods in the range 8.8-14.9 min were detected and analyzed recently. Our aim is to study the generation and propagation of the MHD oscillations in the plasma curtain taking into account realistic 3D magnetic and density structure of the curtain. We also aim at testing and improving coronal seismology for more accurate determination of the magnetic field than with standard method. We use the observed morphological and dynamical conditions, as well as plasma properties of the coronal curtain based on Differential Emission Measure (DEM) analysis to initialize a 3D MHD model of its vertical and transverse oscillations by implementing the impulsively excited velocity pulse mimicking the flare generated nonlinear fast magnetosonic propagating disturbance interacting with the curtain obliquely. The model is simplified by utilizing initial dipole magnetic field, isothermal energy equation, and gravitationally stratified density guided by observational parameters. Using the 3D MHD model, we are able to reproduce the details of the vertical oscillations and study the process of their excitation by nonlinear fast magnetosonic pulse, propagation, and damping, finding agreement with the observations. We estimate the accuracy of simplified slab-based coronal seismology by comparing the determined magnetic field strength to actual values from the 3D MHD modeling results and demonstrate the importance of taking into account more realistic magnetic geometry and density for improving coronal seismology.
Hierarchical error estimators for lowest-order mixed finite element methods

In this work we study two a posteriori error estimators of hierarchical type for lowest-order mixed finite element methods.One estimator is computed by solving a global defect problem based on the splitting of the lowest-order Brezzi--Douglas--Marini space, and the other estimator is locally computable by applying the standard localization to the first estimator. We establish the reliability and efficiency of both estimators by comparing them with the standard residual estimator. In addition, it is shown that the error estimator based on the global defect problem is asymptotically exact under suitable conditions.
Crystal structure of a mutation in the HIV gp41 core : effect on a deep cavity and implication for drug development

Gp41, part of the envelope protein (Env) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Type-I (HIV-1), mediates cell-virion fusion during HIV infection. The mechanism of fusion remains largely unclear, but the crystallographic structure of a partial model of gp41 is known. The structure is believed to correspond to the fusion-active core of the protein and contains a deep cavity important to the stability and infectivity of HIV1. We solve the xray structure of this core with an important mutation (W63 1 A) and investigate the effect on the cavity and its potential as a drug target. Thesis Supervisor: Peter Kim Title: Professor of Biology Thesis Co-Supervisor: Simon Mochrie Title: Professor of Physics
Detailed chemical compositions of the wide binary HD 80606/80607: revised stellar properties and constraints on planet formation

Differences in the elemental abundances of planet-hosting stars in binary systems can give important clues and constraints about planet formation and evolution. In this study we performed a high-precision, differential elemental abundance analysis of a wide binary system, HD 80606/80607, based on high-resolution spectra with high signal-to-noise ratio obtained with Keck/HIRES. HD 80606 is known to host a giant planet with the mass of four Jupiters, but no planet has been detected around HD 80607 so far. We determined stellar parameters as well as abundances for 23 elements for these two stars with extremely high precision. Our main results are that (i) we confirmed that the two components share very similar chemical compositions, but HD 80606 is marginally more metal-rich than HD 80607, with an average difference of +0.013 ± 0.002 dex (σ = 0.009 dex); and (ii) there is no obvious trend between abundance differences and condensation temperature. Assuming that this binary formed from material with the same chemical composition, it is difficult to understand how giant planet formation could produce the present-day photospheric abundances of the elements we measure. We cannot exclude the possibility that HD 80606 might have accreted about 2.5 to 5 MEarth material onto its surface, possibly from a planet destabilised by the known highly eccentric giant.
Design the in Construction" for the progress-users: a 4D perspective

[Abstracts] The implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is driving and enabling a paradigm shift in building design methods. Traditional architectural design process focuses on the design of “form, space and order” of the built environment, responding to the need and demand of the clients, the “end-users”. Under this professional paradigm, construction workers, the builders, are part of the construction machine to turn the design into reality. However, the “building in construction” is the working environment of builders, in which they spend most of their time in their everyday lives. They are “progress-users” of the building environment, a changing environment composed of building components, scaffolds, moving equipment and temporary facilities. They are performing various activities, which has a great impact on their physical and psychological health, and more importantly, their safety. If we add the time dimension into the building process, the concept of “user” needs to be extended and the dynamic environment needs to be taken into account at the stage of architectural design. This paper argues for an alternative perspective on the built environment and proposes a methodology for sustainable architectural design through the implementation of BIM.
Development and reproductive potential of predatory pirate bug, Blaptostethus pallescens (Poppius) at different temperatures

Blaptostethus pallescens (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is a subtropical species and is reported to be a potential predator of sucking pests. Development of this predator was investigated at six different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C) in the laboratory. Temperature range of 20-30°C was found optimum. Rearing the bug at temperatures lower or higher than this range resulted in the mortality of both adults and pre-imaginal stages. The development of the bug showed a linear relationship with temperature within this range. Maximum fecundity (59 eggs) was recorded at 25 ± 5°C and it was best temperature for mass multiplication of this predatory bug.
Accounting for crop rotations in acreage choice modeling: a tractable modeling framework

Crop rotation effects and constraints are major determinants of farmers’ crop choices. Crop rotations are also keystone elements of most environmentally friendly cropping systems. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it proposes simple tools for investigating optimal dynamic crop acreage choices accounting for crop rotation effects and constraints in an uncertain context. Second, it illustrates the impacts of crop rotation effects and constraints on farmers’ acreage choices through simple simulation examples. The proposed models are sufficiently simple for being empirically tractable either in simulation studies or in econometric analyses.
Hydrogenobacter thermophilus gen. Nov., sp. Nov., an extremely thermophilic, aerobic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium

Six strains of strictly thermophilic, obligately chemolithotrophic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from hot springs located in Izu and Kyushu, Japan. The bacterial strains which we tested were gram negative, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, long, straight, and rod shaped. The cell size was 0.3 to 0.5 by 2.0 to 3.0 μm. The deoxyribonucleic acid guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the six strains were between 43.5 and 43.9 mol%. The optimal temperature for autotrophic growth on H2-O2-CO2 was between 70 and 75°C. None of the strains grew at 37 or 80°C. The neutral pH range was suitable for growth. No strain showed heterotrophic growth at the expense of 48 organic compounds or on complex media, in contrast to all other known aerobic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria which are facultative autotrophs. The major cellular fatty acids were a straight-chain saturated C18:0 acid and a straight-chain unsaturated C20:1 acid with one double bond. C16:0 and C18:1 fatty acids and a C21:0 cyclopropane acid were minor components. Cytochromes b and c were found in all of the strains. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of the total soluble proteins of all of the strains were essentially the same. The name Hydrogenobacter thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed for the six new isolates, and type strain TK-6 has been deposited with the culture collection of the Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Tokyo, as strain IAM 12695.
International R&D spillovers from Japanese to Korean manufacturing industry

This paper examines R&D spillovers at the international level, looking at such spillovers from Japan to Korea. Our empirical findings show that the contribution of inter-industry R& D spillovers in the Korean manufacturing sector is low and insignificant, while Korean manufacturing industry benefits greatly from rent R&D spillovers from Japanese manufactur-
Chloroplast ultrastructure and gene expression in embryogenic conifer callus

Embryogenic conifer calli are characteristically white or translucent in appearance even when grown in the light. Ultrastructural examination of embryogenic Norway spruce callus has revealed that somatic embryos contain plastids resembling the proplastids found in zygotic embryos. Mature chloroplasts, containing grana, are found in nonembryogenic callus, which is green when grown under identical conditions. Proplastids are also found in embryogenic calli of other conifer species. The morphology of the plastids change as the somatic embryos develop. Soluble proteins extracted from both callus types have been compared by SDS-PAGE. Differences in proteins extracted from the two tissue types have been observed, some of which may relate to chloroplast development/ultrastructure.
Vision based navigation for micro helicopters

In this dissertation, we study the issues of vehicle state estimation and sensor self-calibration which arise while navigating a micro helicopter in large and initially unknown environments. While proper vehicle state estimation allows long-term navigation, sensor self-calibration renders the vehicle a power-on-and-go system without the need of prior and oﬄine calibration steps. Due to the inherent payload limitation of airborne vehicles like, and especially, a micro helicopter and the restricted availability of global localization information in indoor or urban environments, we focus on vision based methods in order to achieve our goals. Despite this focus on processing visual cues, we analyze a general and modular approach which allows the use of a variety of diﬀerent sensor types. In vision based methods, the camera needs special attention. In contrast to other sensors, vision sensors typically yield vast information that needs complex strategies to permit use in real-time and on computationally constrained platforms. We show that our map-based visual odometry strategy derived from a state-of-the-art structure-from-motion framework is particularly suitable for locally stable, pose controlled ﬂight. Issues concerning drifts and robustness are analyzed and discussed with respect to the original framework. A map-less strategy based on optical ﬂow and inertial constraints is presented in order to mitigate other map-related issues such as map losses and initialization procedures. While in the map-based approach the camera acts as a real-time pose sensor, in the map-less approach it acts as a real-time body-velocity sensor capable of velocity-control the airborne vehicle. We show that both approaches can be combined in a unifying and complementary framework to mitigate each others weaknesses. In all cases, the algorithms are capable of running in real-time on a computationally constrained platform. For aerial vehicle navigation we study a statistical and modular sensor-fusion strategy. We focus on the optimal state estimation of the vehicle to avoid additional, computationally heavy control approaches. In particular, we discuss the metric recovery of an arbitrarily scaled pose or body-velocity
Coupled-channel dynamics in mesonic systems

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the SU(3) color gauge theory, which describes strong interactions. At high energies QCD possesses a remarkable property of asymptotic freedom which allows the use of the standard perturbation theory. At low energies, however, the running coupling becomes strong and the associated confinement makes perturbative calculations impossible. To overcome this problem one has to apply nonperturbative methods like QCD sum rules or lattice simulations. Another powerful theoretical framework is chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) which is connected with spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking of QCD. According to the Goldstone theorem, this breakdown leads to the appearance of an octet of Goldstone bosons which are identified with pseudo-scalar mesons (π, K, η). An analysis of the low energy region is conducted in terms of experimentally detected hadrons rather than explicit quark-gluon degrees of freedom. A systematic expansion of matrix elements is performed in terms of masses of the light quarks and small momenta. However, ChPT leads to controlled results in the close to threshold region only and a generalization to resonance region is desirable. In order to extend the validity of ChPT to higher energies we include light vector degrees of freedom into the chiral Lagrangian according to hadrogenesis conjecture and take into account nonperturbative effects by the novel unitarization technique. The latter is based on micro-causality and coupled-channel unitarity constraints and also preserve the electromagnetic gauge invariance property. In this work, first we apply the novel unitarization scheme to Yukawa interactions of various strengths and ranges. This analysis helps us to realize the usefulness of the new approach and to what extend it is valid. The typical case of a superposition of strong short-range and weak long-range forces is investigated. Then we study Goldstone boson scattering based on the flavor SU(3) chiral Lagrangian with dynamical light vector mesons as formulated within the hadrogenesis conjecture. A coupled-channel computation is confronted with the empirical s- and p-wave phase shifts up to 1.2 GeV. In the isoscalar and isovector isospin sectors the f0(980) and a0(980) resonances are dynamically generated. In the p-wave scattering, vector mesons are described as Castillejo-Dalitz-Dyson poles. Then we extend our analysis to the photon-fusion reactions which are very sensitive to hadronic final-state interaction. In this case the Lagrangian contains few unknown coupling constants parameterizing the interaction terms with two vector meson fields. These parameters are fitted to photon fusion data γγ->π0π0, π+π- and to the decay η->π0γγ. Based on our parameter sets we predict the γγ->K0K0, K+K- and ηη cross sections.