Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Text Recognition using Optical and Language Model Writer Adaptation

State-of-the-art methods for handwriting text recognition are based on deep learning approaches and language modeling that require large data sets during training. In practice, there are some applications where the system processes mono-writer documents, and would thus benefit from being trained on examples from that writer. However, this is not common to have numerous examples coming from just one writer. In this paper, we propose an approach to adapt both the optical model and the language model to a particular writer, from a generic system trained on large data sets with a variety of examples. We show the benefits of the optical and language model writer adaptation. Our approach reaches competitive results on the READ 2018 data set, which is dedicated to model adaptation to particular writers.
NOISE IMMUNITY RESEARCH FOR NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS IDENTIFICATION BASED ON VOLTERRA MODEL IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN

The accuracy and noise immunity of the interpolation method of nonlinear dynamical systems identification based on the Volterra model in the frequency domain is studied in this paper. The polyharmonic signals are used for the testing the method. The algorithmic and software toolkit in Matlab is developed for the identification procedure. This toolkit is used to construct the informational models of test system and communication channel. The model is built as a first-, second- and third-order amplitude–frequency and phase–frequency characteristics. The comparison of obtained characteristics with previous works is given. Wavelet denoising is studied and applied to reduce measurement noise.
Investigation on oblique shock waves occurred in the supersonic carbon dioxide two-phase flow

In the refrigeration systems using the two-phase flow ejector, it is important to understand expansion waves and shock waves which are generated at the outlet of the nozzle. The theoretical oblique shock wave relations are derived for extreme conditions. Numerical analysis of the oblique twophase flow is also presented. Two types of two dimensional convergent-divergent nozzles with and without the inclined wall are used to measure pressure profiles along the nozzles wall. The two-phase flow in the divergent section of the nozzle obviously exhibits the supersonic decompression behavior. Numerical results can represent the experimental results with fairly good precision, but the reflections of the oblique shock wave cannot be predicted. The diameter of the droplet in twophase flow in the nozzle is guessed by this experiment to be the order of 5 [μm] and momentum frozen phenomenon occurs in this situation. The experimental oblique shock wave has the particular character of the two-phase flow, which is never seen in single phase flow explained by gas dynamics. The observation of the present study reveals the intrinsic feature that appears only in the supersonic two-phase flow. INTRODUCTION The compressible two-phase flow is applied to many fields, such as geothermal power plants and refrigeration cycles. As the sound speed of the two-phase flow is low [1] compare with that of the single phase, the two-phase flow can be easily accelerated to the supersonic state and there appear shock waves. We have been studying on the supersonic two-phase flow in the ejector [2] which can improve the efficiency of the carbon dioxide refrigeration system by converting the exhausted expansion energy into the useful compression energy. The carbon dioxide is the most hopeful refrigerant because of the low global warming. While the Global Warming Potential of the R-134a is 1500, that of the carbon dioxide is 1 from the definition. The oblique shock waves occur in the supersonic two-phase flow at the outlet of the nozzle in the ejector and the two-phase flow fields in the mixing section are affected by those waves. The one of the most important functions of the two-phase flow ejector is to compress the sucked refrigerant vapour from the evaporator and to assist the compressor. The recovered pressure depends largely on the kinetic energy of the two-phase flow at the mixing section. We have been developing the ejector in the refrigeration cycle [3] and fundamentally researching on the characteristic of two-dimensional expansion waves [4][5] and oblique shock waves [6] in order to clarify the character of waves which occur in high speed two-phase flow. The object of the present study is to elucidate the behaviour of the oblique shock waves of the carbon dioxide two-phase flow from experiments and analyses.
Evaluation of local maize (Zea mays L.) varieties from Burkina Faso as source of tolerance to drought.

Objective: To evaluate local maize varieties from Burkina Faso under moisture deficiency to identify suitable genotypes to serve as sources of drought tolerance alleles for incorporation into improved cultivars. Methodology and results: Fourteen local maize varieties from Burkina Faso and a hybrid check were evaluated under well-watered condition and drought stress imposed by withdrawing irrigation from 23 days before 50% anthesis until harvest at Ikenne in Nigeria in 1999 and 2000. Moisture deficiency significantly (P<0.05) reduced the number of ears per plant by 22% and grain yield by 53%. Three local varieties (Bondokuy-1, Dogona-1 and Douana-1) had grain yields that were either comparable to or higher than that of the hybrid check under moisture deficit. Relative ranking of genotypes for grain yield under well-watered condition was different from those under moisture deficiency. Two major clusters were formed for genotypes tested under each irrigation treatment, with entries in cluster 2 combining high grain yield with shorter anthesis-silking interval and lower leaf senescence rating. Some local varieties exhibited comparable performance to the hybrid check, suggesting the possibility that genes for high grain yield and other desirable agronomic attributes may have been introgressed into the local maize varieties through pollen transfer from adjacent improved varieties that have been cultivated in the region and thus increasing their utility values. Conclusion and application of findings: Three genotypes, i.e. Bondokuy-1, Dogona-1 and Douana-1 had high grain yields under both well watered and moisture deficiency conditions. These accessions could serve as potential sources of favorable alleles for developing high yielding varieties adapted to areas affected by drought in West and Central Africa.
C O ] 1 5 O ct 2 00 6 Three Counterexamples on Semigraphoids

Semigraphoids are combinatorial structures that arise in statistical learning theory. They are equivalent to convex rank tests and to polyhedral fans that coarsen the reflection arrangement of the symmetric group Sn. In this paper we resolve two problems on semigraphoids posed in Studený’s book [18], and we answer a related question by Postnikov, Reiner, and Williams on generalized permutohedra [17]. We also study the semigroup and the toric ideal associated with semigraphoids.
Query-by-example Searching for Similar Text with Keyword Influence Graph

Text searching, categorization, and summarization are important problems in information retrieval research. One of the most common approaches to text analysis is to exploit the term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) vector model, which is very effective and efficient in representing a large document through a small vector. The tf-idf approach has the crucial drawback that it only considers the text in terms of the structure of composition. However, each natural language has its own syntactic structure. Thus, it is not sufficient to replace the text with a set of important keywords without taking into account their relative relation to the thesis and meaning of the text. In this paper, we propose a text search model based on a keyword graph model, which is based on the cognitive process (writing) model. We show how to construct a keyword graph from a text by assigning edges between two vertices (keywords) if their regions of influence overlap. Our approach allows the use of the text as a query attribute. In our model, if a user wants to find text similar to a given query text in a large repository, the query document can be searched without selecting keywords. This query-by-example in text searching is an important contribution of our work. Experiments show that our keyword graph model is superior to the tf-idf model in clearly and effectively revealing the similarity between documents. Our experiments use more than 2,000 speeches obtained from the United States White House, and show that our approach is superior to prevalent text search methods in terms of accuracy of syntactic similarity and the semantic structure of object texts.
The Moderator Role of Attachment Styles in Marital Satisfaction and Quality of Life in Married Working Women

This study aimed to investigate the moderator role of attachment styles in marital satisfaction and quality of life in married working women. This research is a co-relational design. The group included 514 married women who were working in the laboratories in Rasht. With stratified random selection of 200 women from the group were selected from 8 laboratories. The population included 514 married women who were working in the laboratories in Rasht with stratified random sampling from among 8 laboratories as the sample size. To collecting data, Hazan and Shaver (1987) Attachment Style Scale, Olsonet al. (1989) marital satisfaction Scale and Varousherbon (1992) quality of life Scale were used. The results showed that moderating role of attachment styles in marital satisfaction and quality of life. Among the predicted or variables, avoidant attachment style has the highest contribution to predict marital satisfaction and quality of life. It can be said that attachment styles can be considered as factors influencing satisfaction and quality of life and the results should be considered in training couples.
The Effects of Circuit and Fartlek Exercise Method and Peak Expiratory Flow on Vo2max

objective: (1) Differences between the effects of circuit and fartlek training method on VO2Max; (2) Differences between the effects of high and low peak expiratory flow on VO2Max; and (3) The interactions between circuit, fartlek exercise methods and peak expiratory flow (high and low) on VO2Max. 2 x 2 factorial method. Peak expiratory flow instruments: peak flow meter and VO2Max: multistage fitness test. ANAVA data analysis α = 0.05. Results. (1) There is a significant difference between the effects of circuit and fartlek exercise methods on VO2Max, p value = 0.022 < 0.05, which show that circuit training method is objectively better than fartlek training method. (2) There is a significant difference between the effects of high and low peak expiratory flow on VO2Max, p value = 0.000 < 0.05, students with high expiratory volume achive higher value than those with low expiratory volume. (3) There is a significant interaction between circuit and fartlek training method and (high and low) peak expiratory flow on VO2Max, p value = 0.000 < 0.05 Keywords—circuit training method, fartlek, VO2Max
Promoting Peer Debate in Pursuit of Moral Reasoning Competencies Development: Spotlight on Educational Intervention Design

Research indicates that appropriately designed educational interventions may impact positively on moral reasoning competencies development (MRCD) as measured by a psychometric measure known as the Defining Issues Test (DIT). However, findings include that educational interventions intended to impact on MRCD do not consistently promote measurable pre-post development. This paper reviews the theoretical background to the use of educational interventions to impact on MRCD, and spotlights how underpinning Neo-Kohlbergian theory might inform the design of an intervention in order to optimise impact on MRCD. Findings indicate that peer debate - regarding ethical concepts in profession-specific dilemma scenarios, what action(s) might be taken and how ‘less than ideal’ action options might be justified - is essential. Five examples of an adapted format of ‘Neo-Kohlbergian’ profession-specific ‘intermediate concept measures’ (ICMs) are included and were integrated into a 16 week blended learning educational intervention in a manner that promoted repeated exposure to peer debate regarding dilemmas, and the educational intervention design was trialled in a study with 27 volunteer community pharmacists in Ireland. An overview of the design, development and delivery of the intervention is provided. The paper concludes with recommendations for further development of the ‘idea’. Conflict of Interest: None Type: Idea Paper
Application of Particle Swarm Optimization to Economic Dispatch Problem : Advantages and Disadvantages

-This paper summarizes the state-of-art particle swarm optimization (PSO) applications for resolving the economic dispatch (ED) problem, which is considered as one of the complex problems to be tackled. The PSO techniques have drawn much attention from the power system community and been successfully applied in many complex optimization problems in power systems. This paper focuses on the application of PSO techniques to the ED problems and describes their advantages and disadvantages in resolving the ED problems.
Enhancing Resource Productivity and Carbon-Based Sustainability Index of Cereal Based Cropping System under Conservation Agriculture in Western Uttar Pradesh

Soil fertility depletion has been described as the single most important constraint to food security in western Uttar Pradesh. Over half of the western Uttar Pradesh population is rural and directly dependent on locally grown crops. The low SOC content is due to the low shoot and root growth of crops and natural vegetation, the rapid turnover rates of organic material as a result of climate change and fauna activity. There is a rapid decline of SOC levels with continuous cultivation. For the sandy soils, average annual losses may be as high as 4.7% whereas with sandy loam soils, losses are lower, with an average of 2%. To maintain food production for a rapidly growing population, application of mineral fertilizers and the effective recycling of organic amendments such as crop residues and manures are essential especially in the smallholder farming systems that rely predominantly on organic residues to maintain soil fertility. There is need to increase crop biomass at farm level and future research should focus on improvement of nutrient use efficiency in order to increase crop biomass. New crop management technologies that drastically increase the productivity and efficiency of resource use will be required. Rapidly evolving strategies and crop management technologies, such as conservation agriculture (CA), are being developed and used by farmers to confront the issues outlined above, creating innovative and sustainable opportunities for farmers. Current paper deals as an adaptation strategies for enhancing resource productivity and efficiency should aim to meet the larger goals of reducing poverty, improve carbon based sustainability index, diversifying livelihoods, protecting common property resources and ecosystem services, and strengthening of collective action.
Cross-hedging with Agricultural Commodities : A Copula-based GARCH Model

This paper examines the cross-hedge ratio between grain sorghum spot prices and corn futures prices. Cross-hedging is used when two products are substitutes, and one does not have a futures market. A copula model with GARCH errors is applied to estimate the optimal hedge ratio. Hedging performance is measured by the reduction in the variance of portfolio. Results show that application of a copula model reduces risk more than the conventional method, such as an OLS model and a multivariate
A nonparametric survival function estimator via censored kernel quantile regressions

In survival data analysis, a central interest is to identify the relationship between a possibly censored survival time and explanatory covariates. In this article, a new censored quantile regression method is proposed and studied in the framework of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). We first establish the joint piecewise linearity of the regression parameters as a function of regularization parameter λ and quantile level τ . An efficient algorithm is then developed to compute the entire two-dimensional solution surface over the (λ × τ)-plane. Finally, a piecewise linear conditional survival function estimator is constructed based on the solution surface. The method provides a new and flexible survival function estimator without requiring such rigid model assumptions as linearity of the survival time or proportionality of the hazards. One important advantage of the estimator is that it can handle moderately high-dimensional covariates. We carry out an asymptotic analysis to justify the proposed method theoretically, and numerical results are shown to illustrate its competitive finite-sample performance under various simulated scenarios and real applications.
Morphological responses of barley roots to soil compaction and modified supply of oxygen

Biologinen stressi voidaan maaritella miksi tahansa ymparistotekijaksi, joka voi aiheuttaa elioita vaurioittavia kemiallisia ja fysikaalisia muutoksia niiden fysiologiassa. Maaperassa fysikaaliset ja kemialliset stressit voivatesimerkiksi muuttaa juurten kasvua ja morfologiaa, mika voi heikentaa kasvien veden ja ravinteiden ottoa seka juurten hapensaantia. Viljelymaan tiivistyminen on yleinen ongelma Suomessa ja muualla olosuhteissa, joissa maa on kylvo- ja sadonkorjuuaikoina markaa. Tiivistyneen maan suurentunut mekaaninen vastus ja heikentynyt ilmavuus voivat rajoittaa juurten kasvua. Tassa tutkimuksessa kvantifioitiin maan tiivistamisen ja hapenpuutteen vaikutuksia kasvien juurten morfologisiin ominaisuuksiin kuva-analyysimenetelmalla. Muiden tutkimusten perusteella voitiin olettaa, etta nama stressit lisaavat endogeenisen etyleenin tuotantoa kasvissa. Siksi niiden odotettiin aiheuttavan sellaisia juurten morfologisia muutoksia, joita suurten etyleenipitoisuuksien tiedetaan aiheuttavan, ja jotka osoittavat yhteytystuotteiden kayton tehokkuuden heikkenemista juuriston rakentamisessa, kuten esimerkiksi juurten ominaispituuden vaheneminen. Tama ajatus osoittautui vain osittain oikeaksi. Maan tiivistamisen ja hapenpuutteen aiheuttamia muutoksia juurissa tutkittiin astiakokeessa, jossa ohraa kasvatettiin hietamaassa. Paaosan ohran juurten morfologisista muutoksista aiheutti todennakoisesti maan mekaanisen vastuksen kasvu, esimerkiksi maan tiivistaminen lisasi juurten paksuutta, ellei maa ollut marka. Samoin hyvin ilmastetun (10-20 % O2 maan ilmassa), loyhan maan syvimmassa kerroksessa juuret olivat paksumpia ja ominaispituudeltaan lyhyempia tai ominaistilavuudeltaan suurempia kuin pintakerroksessa, mika epailematta johtui syvimman kerroksen suuremmasta mekaanisesta vastuksesta. Loyhassa, kosteassa maassa (ilmahuokoisuus >12 %) hapenpuute (0-2 % O2 maan ilmassa) esti juurten kasvun mutta ei muuttanut juurten morfologiaa.
Seasonal changes in photosynthesis and water-use efficiency of savanna species and eucalypts in Venezuela

Eucalypt plantations in Venezuela occupy 14% of land covered by savannas. Since water use by plantations in the savannas of Mapire (Venezuelan Llanos) was apparently similar to or lower than in the natural vegetation, evaluating how carbon fixation by plantations compares to the natural vegetation could help to elucidate whether plantations have higher water-use efficiency (WUE) than the savanna. We aimed to determine, using measurements of leaf gas exchange, the seasonal changes in photosynthetic rate (PN) and WUE of a seasonally dry savanna in Mapire, composed mainly of the grass Trachypogon vestitus and the tree Curatella americana, and trees of Eucalyptus urophylla growing in an experimental plantation. Daily integrated WUE (WUEint) was highest in C. americana and similar between T. vestitus and E. urophylla during both seasons. The Gross carbon fixation (GCF) at the leaf level in T. vestitus was similar to C. americana and lower than E. urophylla during the dry season, whereas during the rainy season it was nearly as high as in E. urophylla and both higher than C. americana. Gross carbon fixation (GCF) in T. vestitus was higher than in C. americana, but lower than in E. urophylla during the dry season, while it was much higher than the other two species during the rainy season. The contribution to savanna GCF of C. americana was small and constant throughout the seasons. The GCF in eucalypts was 15% higher than in the savanna during the dry season, but 45% lower during the rainy season, GCF averaging 85% of that in the savanna. Since water use by plantations is lower than in the savanna, they have a large potential for C sequestration without significantly altering ground water availability.
Which dose index should be used for establishing DRL in dental CBCT

Poster: "EuroSafe Imaging 2019 / ESI-0067 / Which dose index should be used for establishing DRL in dental CBCT? " by: "I. Kralik1, B. Brkljacic2, T. Lauc3, H. Brkic3, J. Popic4, H. Vavro1, D. Faj3; 1University Hospital Dubrava Zagreb/HR, 2University of Zagreb Zagreb/HR, 3Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek/HR, 4University Hospital Merkur Zagreb/HR"
Comparative Study on Various Artficial Magnetic Conductors for Low-Profile Antenna

Abstract—This paper investigated comparatively the characteristics of four types of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface, including a mushroom-like (electromagnetic band gap) EBG, uniplanar compact EBG (UC-EBG), Peano curve, and Hilbert curve, as a ground plane for a low-profile antenna. The AMC surface structures are designed to have an in-phase reflection property for a plane wave of normal incidence in the vicinity of 2.45 GHz. The bandwidths of the in-phase reflection for the AMC surfaces and return losses, radiation patterns, and gains of the horizontal wire antennas on the AMC ground planes are all measured and compared with each other. The measured data show that all the AMC surfaces act as good ground planes for a lowprofile antenna, yet the bandwidth and gain of the mushroom-like EBG structure are broader and larger, respectively, than those of the other structures.
Investigation of Vibrational Behavior of Perfect and Defective Carbon Nanotubes Using Non-Linear Mass-Spring Model

In the present study, the effects of arrangement and distribution of multifarious types of defects on fundamental frequency of carbon nanotubes are investigated with respect to different chirality and boundary conditions. Interatomic interactions between each pair of carbon atoms are modeled using two types of non–linear spring–like elements. To obtain more information about the influences of defects; the effects of location, number and distribution (gathered or scattered defects) of two most common types of defects (vacancy and Stone–Wales defects) are examined on vibrational behavior of carbon nanotubes. Obtained results are in good agreement with the results reported in other literature. The results show that, gathered vacancy defects cause to a reduction in natural frequency of nanotubes, especially in the case of fix–fix boundary condition. It is also observed that the effect of defects depends on chirality intensively. In addition, the influence of the first vacancy defect is significantly more than the first Stone–Wales defect.
Hole-conductor-free perovskite organic lead iodide heterojunction thin-film solar cells: High efficiency and junction property

Efficient hole-conductor-free organic lead iodide thin film solar cells have been fabricated with a sequential deposition method, and a highest efficiency of 10.49% has been achieved. Meanwhile, the ideal current-voltage model for a single heterojunction solar cell is applied to clarify the junction property of the cell. The model confirms that the TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Au cell is a typical heterojunction cell and the intrinsic parameters of the cell are comparable to that of the high-efficiency thin-film solar cells.