Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inventory of dams in Germany

Abstract. Dams are an important element of water resources management. Data about dams are crucial for practitioners, scientists, and policymakers for various purposes, such as seasonal forecasting of water availability or flood mitigation. However, detailed information on dams on the national level for Germany is so far not freely available. We present the most comprehensive open-access dam inventory for Germany (DIG) to date. We have collected and combined information on dams using books, state agency reports, engineering reports, and internet pages. We have applied a priority rule that ensures the highest level of reliability for the dam information. Our dam inventory comprises 530 dams in Germany with information on name, location, river, start year of construction and operation, crest length, dam height, lake area, lake volume, purpose, dam structure, and building characteristics. We have used a global, satellite-based water surface raster to evaluate the location of the dams. A significant proportion (63 %) of dams were built between 1950–2013. Our inventory shows that dams in Germany are mostly single-purpose (52 %), 53 % can be used for flood control, and 25 % are involved in energy production. The inventory is freely available through GFZ (GeoForschungsZentrum) Data Services (https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2020.005) (Speckhann et al., 2020).
Design of Sand‐Based, 3‐D‐Printed Analog Faults With Controlled Frictional Properties

Laboratory experiments with surrogate materials play an important role in fault mechanics. They can improve the current state of knowledge by testing various scientific hypotheses in a repeatable and controlled way. Central in these experiments is the selection of appropriate analog, rock‐like materials. Here, we investigated the frictional properties of sand‐based, 3‐D‐printed materials. We performed uniaxial compression tests, direct shear, and inclined plane tests in order to determine a) the main bulk mechanical parameters of this new analog material, b) its viscous behavior, c) its frictional properties, and d) the influence of some printing parameters. Complete stress‐strain/apparent friction‐displacement curves were presented including the post‐peak, softening behavior, which is a key factor in earthquake instability. Going a step further, we printed rock‐like interfaces of custom frictional properties. Based on a simple analytical model, we designed the a) maximum, minimum, and residual apparent frictional properties, b) characteristic slip distance, c) evolution of the friction coefficient with slip, and d) dilatancy of the printed interfaces. This model was experimentally validated using interfaces following a sinusoidal pattern, which led to an oscillating evolution of the apparent friction coefficient with slip. Our approach could be used for simulating earthquake‐like instabilities in the laboratory and mimic the periodical rupture and healing of fault sections. Additionally, our tests showed the creation of a gouge‐like layer due to granular debonding during sliding, whose properties were quantified. The experimental results and the presented methodology make it possible to design new surrogate laboratory experiments for fault mechanics and geomechanics.
Massively scalable density based clustering (DBSCAN) on the HPCC systems big data platform

Dealing with large samples of unlabeled data is a key challenge in today’s world, especially in applications such as traffic pattern analysis and disaster management. DBSCAN, or density based spatial clustering of applications with noise, is a well-known density-based clustering algorithm. Its key strengths lie in its capability to detect outliers and handle arbitrarily shaped clusters. However, the algorithm, being fundamentally sequential in nature, proves expensive and time consuming when operated on extensively large data chunks. This paper thus presents a novel implementation of a parallel and distributed DBSCAN algorithm on the HPCC Systems platform. The algorithm seeks to fully parallelize the algorithm implementation by making use of HPCC Systems optimal distributed architecture and performing a tree-based union to merge local clusters. The proposed approach* was tested both on synthetic as well as standard datasets (MFCCs Data Set) and found to be completely accurate. Additionally, when compared against a single node setup, a significant decrease in computation time was observed with no impact to accuracy. The parallelized algorithm performed eight times better for higher number of data points and takes exponentially lesser time as the number of data points increases.
Thulium-laser Retrograde Intra Renal Ablation (T-RIRA) of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: an ESUT study.

BACKGROUND Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) is the gold standard treatment for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC); however, patients presenting with small low-grade UTUC have been treated by flexible ureteroscopic laser ablation with good outcomes. Different types of laser have been discussed in the literature including Holmium and Neodymium lasers. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of Thulium laser (Tm:YAG) in the ureteroscopic ablation of UTUC. METHODS A retrospective observational multicentre study of patients diagnosed with papillary UTUC between January 2015 and December 2016 was carried out. All patients underwent ureteroscopic biopsy of the UTUC followed by Tm:YAG ablation. Based on the histopathological grade of the tumor, patients were counseled to undergo either RNU (high-grade tumors) or conservative managementand follow-up (low-grade tumor). RESULTS RNU was performed in 31 patients, while the remaining 47 patients (undergone ™:YAG ablation only) were followed up for a mean of 11.7 months with only 19.2% of patients showing upper tract recurrence and no patients showed postoperative ureteral strictures. Limitations include the short follow-up and retrospective nature of the study. CONCLUSIONS On the short term, thulium Laser ablation of UTUC is safe and feasible especially in lowgrade UTUC.
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Related Datasets: A Comprehensive Survey

Due to the complicated procedure and costly hardware, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) has been heavily dependent on public datasets for drill and evaluation, leading to many impressive demos and good benchmark scores. However, with a huge contrast, SLAM is still struggling on the way towards mature deployment, which sounds a warning: some of the datasets are overexposed, causing biased usage and evaluation. This raises the problem on how to comprehensively access the existing datasets and correctly select them. Moreover, limitations do exist in current datasets, then how to build new ones and which directions to go? Nevertheless, a comprehensive survey which can tackle the above issues does not exist yet, while urgently demanded by the community. To fill the gap, this paper strives to cover a range of cohesive topics about SLAM related datasets, including general collection methodology and fundamental characteristic dimensions, SLAM related tasks taxonomy and datasets categorization, introduction of state-of-the-arts, overview and comparison of existing datasets, review of evaluation criteria, and analyses and discussions about current limitations and future directions, looking forward to not only guiding the dataset selection, but also promoting the dataset research.
DiffusionNet: Discretization Agnostic Learning on Surfaces

We introduce a new general-purpose approach to deep learning on three-dimensional surfaces based on the insight that a simple diffusion layer is highly effective for spatial communication. The resulting networks are automatically robust to changes in resolution and sampling of a surface—a basic property that is crucial for practical applications. Our networks can be discretized on various geometric representations, such as triangle meshes or point clouds, and can even be trained on one representation and then applied to another. We optimize the spatial support of diffusion as a continuous network parameter ranging from purely local to totally global, removing the burden of manually choosing neighborhood sizes. The only other ingredients in the method are a multi-layer perceptron applied independently at each point and spatial gradient features to support directional filters. The resulting networks are simple, robust, and efficient. Here, we focus primarily on triangle mesh surfaces and demonstrate state-of-the-art results for a variety of tasks, including surface classification, segmentation, and non-rigid correspondence.
Mid-Term Results of Large-Diameter Ceramic-Bearing Monoblock Acetabular Components in THA.

Introduction: Durability and better function are the challenging issue of any tribological pair. Ceramic on Ceramic (CoC) friction pairs should provide long-term wear and functional results.Objectives: To evaluate the mid-term results of using the monoblock acetabular system Maxera Cup (Zimmer Biomet) in cementless total hip arthroplasty.Materials and Methods: We evaluated the THA with Monoblock Maxera Cup (Zimmer Biomet) acetabular system in 93 patients. The mean follow-up was 4 years (49.5 ± 11.7 months). All 103 total hip arthroplasty cases in 93 patients were divided into 3 groups according to the diameters of CoC friction pairs (40, 44, 48 mm) used. The achieved functional results were evaluated using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) scale. Results: When assessing long-term results, the average score on the HHS scale significantly increased. During the first year after surgery, there was a 2.2-fold improvement in functional results. There was inconsistent creaking in the implanted joint in only 2.6% of cases with a CoC friction pair with a diameter of 44 mm. Conclusions:The CoC monoblock provides good joint function as perceived by the patient. Acoustic effects, in the form of a minor creaking, did not affect the functional results.
Characteristics of Propagation From Meteorological Drought to Hydrological Drought in the Pearl River Basin

Drought events occur more frequently under recent climate change. Generally, meteorological drought is the fuse of hydrological drought; thus, it is important to understand the characteristics of meteorological drought and its propagation to hydrological drought for early warning. Taking the Pearl River Basin (PRB) in China as study area, this study adopted K‐means cluster analysis method to divide the PRB into subregions with similar precipitation characteristics. Then, standardized precipitation index and standardized runoff index were used to analyze the characteristics of meteorological drought and hydrological drought, respectively, and the maximum Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the drought propagation time (DPT) between these two types of drought. Moreover, the link between meteorological drought and hydrological drought was explored based on continuous wavelet transform and cross wavelet transform. The results revealed that: the PRB has experienced severe meteorological and hydrological droughts since early 2000s, and hydrological drought was more serious than meteorological drought in each of the five subregions in the PRB. The DPTs from meteorological drought to hydrological drought were mainly 2–6 months, and the periodic characteristics of meteorological drought were mainly responsible for those of hydrological drought. Precipitation and runoff could greatly affect the DPT, while the impacts of evapotranspiration and shallow soil moisture on the DPT were not significant. Furthermore, El‐Niño Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation are important factors that affect the DPT from meteorological to hydrological drought in the PRB.
Nonstandard Dynamically Consistent Numerical Methods for MSEIR Model

In this paper, two numerical methods for solving the MSEIR model are presented. In constructing these methods, the non-standard finite difference strategy is used. The new methods preserve the qualitative properties of the solution, such as positivity, conservation law, and boundedness. Numerical results are presented to express the efficiency of the new methods.
Emergent Properties of Convection in OTREC and PREDICT

Data from recent field programs studying deep convection may be useful in constraining cumulus parameterizations. To this end, gridded dropsonde analyses are made using data from the OTREC (Organization of Tropical East Pacific Convection) and PREDICT (PreDepression Investigation of Cloud‐Systems in the Tropics) projects to characterize the mesoscale properties of tropical oceanic convection in terms of selected thermodynamic parameters computable from the explicit grids of large‐scale models. In particular, saturation fraction, lower tropospheric moist convective instability, and convective inhibition appear to govern column‐integrated moisture convergence, while sea surface temperature is related to the top‐heaviness of mass flux profiles and the integrated entropy divergence. Local (as opposed to global) surface heat and moisture fluxes and convective available potential energy correlate weakly with these quantities. Recommendations to improve cumulus parameterizations are enumerated.
Public Administration and Values Oriented to Sustainability: A Systematic Approach to the Literature

Values guide actions and judgements, form the basis of attitudinal and behavioral processes, and have an impact on leaders’ decision-making, contributing to more sustainable performance. Through a bibliometric study and content analysis, 2038 articles were selected from Scopus, from the period 1994–2021, presenting global research tendencies on the subject of values, public administration, and sustainability. The results indicate that Sustainability is the most productive journal, the main research category is in social sciences, the most productive institution is the University of Queensland, the location with the most publications and research collaborations is the USA, and the authors with the greatest number of articles are Chung, from Chung-Ang University; García-Sánchez, from the University of Salamanca; and Pérez, from the University of Cantabria. Analysis of keywords shows that the most relevant are “sustainability”, “CSR”, “sustainable development”, “innovation”, and “leadership”. Time analysis of keywords reveals a tendency for lines of research in the social and work area. The results also provide data about the framing of studies in sustainability pillars and the types of values referred to and indicate the main areas of public administration studied. Finally, a future research agenda is proposed.
Is the Letter ‘t’ in the Word ‘gourmet’? Disruption in Task-Evoked Connectivity Networks in Adults with Impaired Literacy Skills

Much work has been done to characterize domain-specific brain networks associated with reading, but very little work has been done with respect to spelling. Our aim was to characterize domain-specific spelling networks (SpNs) and domain-general resting state networks (RSNs) in adults with and without literacy impairments. Skilled and impaired adults were recruited from the University of Alberta. Participants completed three conditions of an in-scanner spelling task called a letter probe task (LPT). We found highly connected SpNs for both groups of individuals, albeit comparatively more connections for skilled (50) vs. impaired (43) readers. Notably, the SpNs did not correlate with spelling behaviour for either group. We also found relationships between SpNs and RSNs for both groups of individuals, this time with comparatively fewer connections for skilled (36) vs. impaired (53) readers. Finally, the RSNs did predict spelling performance in a limited manner for the skilled readers. These results advance our understanding of brain networks associated with spelling and add to the growing body of literature that describes the important and intricate connections between domain-specific networks and domain-general networks (i.e., resting states) in individuals with and without developmental disorders.
Greater aridity increases the magnitude of urban nighttime vegetation-derived air cooling

High nighttime urban air temperatures increase health risks and economic vulnerability of people globally. While recent studies have highlighted nighttime heat mitigation effects of urban vegetation, the magnitude and variability of vegetation-derived urban nighttime cooling differs greatly among cities. We hypothesize that urban vegetation-derived nighttime air cooling is driven by vegetation density whose effect is regulated by aridity through increasing transpiration. We test this hypothesis by deploying microclimate sensors across eight United States cities and investigating relationships of nighttime air temperature and urban vegetation throughout a summer season. Urban vegetation decreased nighttime air temperature in all cities. Vegetation cooling magnitudes increased as a function of aridity, resulting in the lowest cooling magnitude of 1.4 °C in the most humid city, Miami, FL, and 5.6 °C in the most arid city, Las Vegas, NV. Consistent with the differences among cities, the cooling effect increased during heat waves in all cities. For cities that experience a summer monsoon, Phoenix and Tucson, AZ, the cooling magnitude was larger during the more arid pre-monsoon season than during the more humid monsoon period. Our results place the large differences among previous measurements of vegetation nighttime urban cooling into a coherent physiological framework dependent on plant transpiration. This work informs urban heat risk planning by providing a framework for using urban vegetation as an environmental justice tool and can help identify where and when urban vegetation has the largest effect on mitigating nighttime temperatures.
Memory Access Optimization of a Neural Network Accelerator Based on Memory Controller

Special accelerator architecture has achieved great success in processor architecture, and it is trending in computer architecture development. However, as the memory access pattern of an accelerator is relatively complicated, the memory access performance is relatively poor, limiting the overall performance improvement of hardware accelerators. Moreover, memory controllers for hardware accelerators have been scarcely researched. We consider that a special accelerator memory controller is essential for improving the memory access performance. To this end, we propose a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) memory controller called NNAMC for neural network accelerators, which monitors the memory access stream of an accelerator and transfers it to the optimal address mapping scheme bank based on the memory access characteristics. NNAMC includes a stream access prediction unit (SAPU) that analyzes the type of data stream accessed by the accelerator via hardware, and designs the address mapping for different banks using a bank partitioning model (BPM). The image mapping method and hardware architecture were analyzed in a practical neural network accelerator. In the experiment, NNAMC achieved significantly lower access latency of the hardware accelerator than the competing address mapping schemes, increased the row buffer hit ratio by 13.68% on average (up to 26.17%), reduced the system access latency by 26.3% on average (up to 37.68%), and lowered the hardware cost. In addition, we also confirmed that NNAMC efficiently adapted to different network parameters.
Indice de masa corporal no está asociado con la oxidación de los lípidos y carbohidratos en pacientes hospitalizados

Introduccion: El balance de energia se ve influenciado por la oxidacion de macronutrientes (proteinas, carbohidratos y lipidos). Objetivo: Caracterizar la utilizacion de sustratos en sujetos con peso normal y obesos. Metodologia: se realizo una impedancia bioelectrica y una calorimetria indirecta para determinar la oxidacion de carbohidratos y lipidos de pacientes hospitalizados. Los sujetos fueron divididos en tres grupos, el grupo 1: IMC 18,5-24,9 kg / m2, grupo 2: IMC 25-29.9 kg / m2 y el grupo 3: IMC> 30 kg / m2. Los grupos de individuos se compararon mediante la prueba de ANOVA y, en algun caso, despues de la prueba se aplico el Dunn (p< 0,05 consi-derado significativo). Resultados: Se estudiaron 38 personas (11 hombres y 27 mujeres) con una edad media de 44,3±16,5 anos; 18 normales, 10 con sobrepeso y 10 obesos. Los sujetos obesos tenian un mayor gasto energetico en reposo que los individuos normales. Obesos y no obesos oxidan cantidades similares de carbohidratos y lipidos. Conclusiones: El indice de masa corporal no se asocio con la oxidacion de los lipidos y carbohidratos en pacientes hospitalizados. La cantidad de masa sin grasa se asocia con la cantidad total de hidratos de carbono y oxidacion de lipidos.
1D Perovskitoid as Absorbing Material for Stable Solar Cells

The instabilities of perovskite solar cells hinder their commercialisation. To resolve this problem, a one-dimensional (1D) perovskitoid, PyPbI3, was fabricated, and its structure and photovoltaic performance were investigated in this work. XPS and FTIR results suggest hydrogen bonds existed in the 1D hexagonal PyPbI3. Stability measurements indicate that 1D perovskitoid is much more stable than the commonly employed FA-based perovskite. In addition, solar cells adopting PyPbI3 as an absorbing layer led to a device lifetime of one month. Our results suggest that 1D perovskitoid has great potential to be employed in solar cells.
Investigation of Energy Levels and Crystal Structures of Cesium Lead Halides and Their Application in Full‐Color Light‐Emitting Diodes

Inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites with compositions including CsPbBrxCl3−x, CsPbBr3, and CsPbBrxI3−x are synthesized, and their properties are investigated. Tauc plots calculated from the UV–vis spectra of the materials show that the bandgaps of CsPbBrxCl3−x, CsPbBr3, and CsPbBrxI3−x are 2.7, 2.35, and 1.8 eV, respectively. The as‐prepared CsPbX3 nanodots have a cubic structure and their crystal sizes are around 5–10 nm. The diffraction peak intensity of the (110) plane is increased by adding Cl anion and reduced by adding I anion. By contrast, the peak intensity of the (200) plane is reduced by the introduction of Cl− ions and increased by the introduction of I− ions, suggesting that the nature of the halide anions affects the crystal orientation of CsPbX3 quantum dots. The highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of CsPbBrxCl3−x, CsPbBr3, and CsPbBrxI3−x calculated from ultraviolet photoemission spectra and UV–vis spectra are 6.5/3.8, 6.5/4.15, and 6.1/4.3 eV, respectively. The maximum luminance values measured for CsPbBrxCl3−x, CsPbBr3, and CsPbBrxI3−x‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are 15.2, 51.7, and 21.7 cd m−2, respectively. This research provides an overview of the energy levels and crystal structures of CsPbX3 quantum dots for the design of inorganic perovskite‐based LEDs with high luminance and power efficiencies.