Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial activity and feeding ecology of the endangered northern population of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus)

We studied ranging and feeding behavior of Cypriot fruit bats during the summer and winter, which are critical periods with limited food supply and adverse conditions. Seasonal changes in ranging behavior were characterized by a steep increase in the size of core feeding areas and home ranges from summer to winter. Males and females did not differ in the size of summer and winter core areas and home ranges, but they differed in the distance they traveled to summer feeding sites. Summer food consisted of fruits of Ficus carica and flowers of Agave americana. Winter food consisted of dates, fruits of Melia azedarach, Citrus reticulata, C. limon, Myrtus communis, and the flowers of Eucalyptus spp. Males and females differed as to the proportion of time they spent feeding on different food types, which may be explained by sexual differences related to food quality requirements. Summer foraging activity tended to be in areas with water bodies and larger fruit orchards. Winter foraging activity occurred more in areas with larger fruit orchards, a higher number of citrus plantations and date palms, typically located in built-up areas. The body condition of the bats was worse during the summer, which we assume was the result of their more limited diet during this period, making summer a more stressful period for them than winter. Active conservation management of Cypriot fruit bats should include the construction of artificial water sources in the vicinity of fruit orchards, but also controversial practices such as supporting the occurrence of particular nonnative plant species, thereby enhancing food availability in critical times of the year.
Kırıkkale Yöresinde Bulunan Küçük Ruminantlarda Mavidil, Maedi-Visna ve Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Enfeksiyonlarının Serolojik ve Epidemiyolojik Araştırılması

Viral infections cause important problems and significant economic loses in sheep and goats that can be protected by an investigation of infections. This study aimed to determine the sheep and goat viral infections including bluetongue virus (BTV), maedivisna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in Kirikkale city located in Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Blood samples collected from 279 sheep and 146 goats were tested by ELISA, RT-nested PCR and nested PCR. It was detected that antibody response to BTV (49.8%), CAEV (7.5%) and MVV (19.4%) were seropositivity values in all serum samples. BTV (2.87%) and MVV (9.25%) antigens were detected in seropositive whole blood samples via RT-nested PCR and nested PCR but not CAEV. It was found that double positive animals (14.6%) for MVV and BTV in sheep but not goat. As a conclusion sheep and goat were infected with naturally BTV, CAEV and MVV in Kirikkale region. This study showed that this the first report for BTV, MVV and CAEV infections from Kirikkale region. Therefore infections are needed to be further investigations to determine detailed survey studies.
PROTECTIVE AND FUNCTIONAL POWDER COATINGS THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS BASED ON ZrO2 SOLID SOLUTIONS

The standard material of the ceramic layer in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs)—a solid solution of ZrO2 stabilized with (6–8 wt.%) Y2O3 (YSZ)—approaches the temperature limit of its application (<1200°C) because the ZrO2 t phase sinters and undergoes t-ZrO2  T-ZrO2 + F-ZrO2 phase transformations to form M-ZrO2 at elevated temperatures. Ceramic materials for a new generation of TBCs need to be developed to increase the operating temperature (up to 1600°C), efficiency, and productivity of gas-turbine engines. The overview paper analyzes research efforts focusing on the development of TBCs using solid solutions of ZrO2 with rare-earth metal and titanium oxides. When Y2O3 in YSZ is partially substituted by CeO2, TiO2, La2O3, Sc2O3, Gd2O3, Nd2O3, Yb2O3, Er2O3, and Ta2O5, ceramics with high phase stability (ZrO2 t phase being retained in the coating) up to 1500°C, lower thermal conductivity, and required fracture toughness and sintering resistance but shorter thermal fatigue life than that of standard YSZ are produced. The concepts of greater tetragonality of the ZrO2 t phase (ceramics in the ZrO2–CeO2–TiO2 system) and a 'multicomponent defective cluster' (ceramics in the ZrO2–Y2O3–Nd2O3 (Gd2O3, Sm2O3)–Yb2O3 (Sc2O3) system) explain how the operating temperature of the TBC ceramic layer increases to 1350oC and 1600oC, respectively. The thermal conductivity of TBC ceramics in the binary ZrO2–CeO2, ZrO2–Er2O3, ZrO2–Sm2O3, ZrO2–Nd2O3, ZrO2–Gd2O3, ZrO2–Dy2O3, and ZrO2–Yb2O3 systems is lower than that of YSZ. Ceramics with high phase stability and low thermal conductivity have been produced in the ternary ZrO2–Sc2O3–Gd2O3, ZrO2–CeO2–Gd2O3, ZrO2–YbO1.5–TaO2.5, and ZrO2–Yb2O3–TiO2 systems. An integrated approach is needed to choose the composition of the ceramic layer based on the ZrO2 solid solution, select the coating technique, and improve the coating architecture to design effective TBCs with balanced properties.
Genome-wide binding of SEPALLATA3 and AGAMOUS complexes determined by sequential DNA-affinity purification sequencing

Abstract The MADS transcription factors (TF), SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) and AGAMOUS (AG) are required for floral organ identity and floral meristem determinacy. While dimerization is obligatory for DNA binding, SEP3 and SEP3–AG also form tetrameric complexes. How homo and hetero-dimerization and tetramerization of MADS TFs affect genome-wide DNA-binding and gene regulation is not known. Using sequential DNA affinity purification sequencing (seq-DAP-seq), we determined genome-wide binding of SEP3 homomeric and SEP3–AG heteromeric complexes, including SEP3Δtet-AG, a complex with a SEP3 splice variant, SEP3Δtet, which is largely dimeric and SEP3–AG tetramer. SEP3 and SEP3–AG share numerous bound regions, however each complex bound unique sites, demonstrating that protein identity plays a role in DNA-binding. SEP3–AG and SEP3Δtet-AG share a similar genome-wide binding pattern; however the tetrameric form could access new sites and demonstrated a global increase in DNA-binding affinity. Tetramerization exhibited significant cooperative binding with preferential distances between two sites, allowing efficient binding to regions that are poorly recognized by dimeric SEP3Δtet-AG. By intersecting seq-DAP-seq with ChIP-seq and expression data, we identified unique target genes bound either in SEP3–AG seq-DAP-seq or in SEP3/AG ChIP-seq. Seq-DAP-seq is a versatile genome-wide technique and complements in vivo methods to identify putative direct regulatory targets.
Quantitative characteristics and species composition of Artemisia sphaerocephala and A. ordosica communities in the Ulanbuh Desert

Artemisia sphaerocephala and A.ordosica communities are all typical vegetation types which play an important ecological protection role in desert areas.Understanding their distribution,species composition and quantitative characteristics is conducive to desertification control.Research results showed that A.sphaerocephala and A.ordosica communities were typical desert vegetation widely distributed in the Ulanbuh Desert,A.sphaerocephala communities were mainly distributed in the central east,northeast and south of the Ulanbuh desert,while A.ordosica communities only distributed in the east,northeast and southeast of the Ulanbuh Desert.Both A.sphaerocephala and A.ordosica communities in the Ulanbuh Desert can be classified into eight types of communities: A.sphaerocephala,A.ordosica,A.sphaerocephala-A.ordosica,A.sphaerocephala-Psammochloa villosa,A.ordosica-Nitraria spp. ,A.sphaerocephala-Hedysarum scoparium-Calligonum mongolicunl,A.sphaerocephala and A.ordosica concomitant communities.Species composition of A.sphaerocephala and A.ordosica communities was relatively simple.A.sphaerocephala communities consist of 22 species belonging to 9 families of 21 genera;and A.ordosica communities comprise 37 species belonging to 10 families of 35 genera.A.sphaerocephala and A.ordosica communities mainly are dominated by herbs which accounted for more than 70% of total species number.The Simpson and Shannon diversity and Pielou eveness index of A.sphaerocephala and A.ordosica communities were large,which means larger species diversity.The species richness,individual number per unit area,coverage,the Simpson and Shannon diversity index of A.ordosica communities were obviously larger than those of A.sphaerocephala communities,while its community similarity was significantly lower than that of A.sphaerocephala,which indicated that A.ordosica communities had a more abundant species composition,diversity and community structure,and was worthy of protection and artificial construction.These findings may provide an important theoretical basis for the protection and artificial construction of A.sphaerocephala and A.ordosica communities,and help to the species selection in regional desert control.
Clinical PARP inhibitors do not abrogate PARP1 exchange at DNA damage sites in vivo

Abstract DNA breaks recruit and activate PARP1/2, which deposit poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) to recruit XRCC1-Ligase3 and other repair factors to promote DNA repair. Clinical PARP inhibitors (PARPi) extend the lifetime of damage-induced PARP1/2 foci, referred to as ‘trapping’. To understand the molecular nature of ‘trapping’ in cells, we employed quantitative live-cell imaging and fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching. Unexpectedly, we found that PARP1 exchanges rapidly at DNA damage sites even in the presence of clinical PARPi, suggesting the persistent foci are not caused by physical stalling. Loss of Xrcc1, a major downstream effector of PAR, also caused persistent PARP1 foci without affecting PARP1 exchange. Thus, we propose that the persistent PARP1 foci are formed by different PARP1 molecules that are continuously recruited to and exchanging at DNA lesions due to attenuated XRCC1-LIG3 recruitment and delayed DNA repair. Moreover, mutation analyses of the NAD+ interacting residues of PARP1 showed that PARP1 can be physically trapped at DNA damage sites, and identified H862 as a potential regulator for PARP1 exchange. PARP1-H862D, but not PARylation-deficient PARP1-E988K, formed stable PARP1 foci upon activation. Together, these findings uncovered the nature of persistent PARP1 foci and identified NAD+ interacting residues involved in the PARP1 exchange.
Taking Morbidity and Mortality Conferences to a Next Level: The Resilience Engineering Concept.

OBJECTIVE To explore possibilities to improve morbidity and mortality conferences using advancing insights in safety science. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Mortality and Morbidity conferences (M&M) are the golden practice for case-based learning. While learning from complications is useful, M&M does not meet expectations for system-wide improvement. Resilience engineering principles may be used to improve M&M. METHODS After a review of the shortcomings of traditional M&M, resilience engineering principles are explored as a new way to evaluate performance. This led to the development of a new M&M format that also reviews successful outcomes, rather than only complications. This "quality assessment meeting" (QAM) is presented and the first experiences are evaluated using local observations and a survey. RESULTS During the QAM teams evaluate all discharged patients, addressing team resilience in terms of surgeons' ability to respond to irregularities and to monitor and learn from experiences. The meeting was feasible to implement and well received by the surgical team. Observations reveal that reflection on both complicated and uncomplicated cases strengthened team morale but also triggered reflection on the entire clinical course. The QAM serves as a tool to identify how adapting behavior led to success despite challenging conditions, so that this resilient performance can be supported. CONCLUSIONS The resilience engineering concept can be used to adjust M&M, in which learning is focused not only on complications but also on how successful outcomes were achieved despite ever-present challenges. This reveals the actual ratio between successful and unsuccessful outcomes, allowing to learn from both to reinforce safety-enhancing behavior.
Concurrent High Condylectomy and Orthognathic Surgery for Treatment of Patients With Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND Facial asymmetry from unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) may be definitively treated in the presence of active disease (with high condylectomy and concurrent orthognathic surgery) or after waiting for disease inactivity (orthognathic surgery alone). There is currently no consensus on the standard of care. In this study, we sought to compare functional and esthetic outcomes, as well as treatment duration, between these 2 management options. METHODS Patients who underwent treatment for UCH were identified through retrospective review. Pre- and postoperative 3-dimensional (3D) images were obtained. Short- and long-term operative outcomes of those treated during the active (group 1) were compared to those treated in the inactive phase (group 2). Total treatment time, operative time, and length of hospital stay were evaluated. Facial asymmetry was also assessed by laypersons using a Likert scale. RESULTS Fifteen patients (mean 25.6 years, range 14-56) were included: 6 in group 1 and 9 in group 2. All surgical outcomes were statistically independent of procedure type. Treatment time was significantly longer in the group 2 (P = 0.03). Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in facial asymmetry scores postoperatively with no significant difference in pre- or postoperative asymmetry between groups (P = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS In patients with active UCH, high condylectomy and orthognathic surgery is a procedure that restores facial symmetry and improves jaw function while halting mandibular growth. Good esthetic and functional outcomes, as well as reduced treatment time and disease burden, support the use of this treatment option for this population.
Endoscopic or laparoscopic resection for small gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a cumulative meta-analysis

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Background Despite the recent large number of studies comparing endoscopic and laparoscopic resection for small gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) (diameter ≤ 5 cm), the results remain conflicting. The objective of this work was to perform a cumulative meta-analysis to assess the advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic resection vs. laparoscopic resection. Methods The meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. We searched medical databases up to January 2020. Meta-analytical random or fixed effects models were used in pooled analyses. Meta-regression, cumulative meta-analyses, and subgroup analyses were performed to improve the accuracy of the conclusion. Sensitivity analyses were applied to assess the robustness of the results. Results A total of 12 cohort studies with 1383 participants comparing endoscopic resection and laparoscopic resection were identified, while three cohort studies with 167 participants comparing endoscopic resection and laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery were found. We found that endoscopic resection had shorter operation times (weighted mean difference [WMD] = –27.1 min, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –40.8 min to –13.4 min) and lengths of hospital stay (WMD = –1.43 d, 95% CI: –2.31 d to –0.56 d) than did laparoscopic resection. The results were stable and reliable. There were no significant differences in terms of blood loss, hospitalization costs, incidence of complications or recurrence rates. For tumor sizes 2 – 5 cm, endoscopic resection increased the risk of positive margins (relative risk [RR] = 5.78, 95% CI: 1.31 – 25.46). Although operation times for endoscopic resection were shorter than those of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (WMD = –41.03 min, 95% CI: –59.53 min to –22.54 min), there was a higher incidence of complications (RR = 4.03, 95% CI: 1.57 – 10.34). Conclusions In general, endoscopic resection is an alternative method for gastric GISTs ≤ 5 cm. Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery may work well in combination. Further randomized controlled trials are recommended to validate or update these results.
Current concepts of polycystic ovary syndrome pathogenesis

Purpose of review This review provides a model for understanding polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathophysiology and updates the evidence on which it is based. Then, it highlights complimentary molecular genetic and epigenetic advances in understanding PCOS cause. Recent findings Important studies into PCOS cause built on the 2014 discovery of a novel regulatory protein variant that underlies the typical PCOS steroidogenic abnormalities: DENND1A.V2 (differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic development, isoform 1A, variant 2). Over 30 DENND1A gene variants have been found, the vast majority upstream of the coding sequence and potentially regulatory. These variants are individually uncommon but collectively plausibly cause 50% of PCOS. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)/AMH receptor variants with decreased function possibly cause 6.7% of PCOS. DENNND1A was recently reported to belong to a signaling network that upregulates luteinizing hormone receptor expression and insulin mitogenic signaling. Prenatal androgen administration has proven to be a potent epigenetic regulator that causes transgenerational epigenomic changes in a mouse PCOS model with similarities to those in human PCOS and PCOS daughters. Summary In addition to finding how gene variants contribute to PCOS pathogenesis, better understanding of androgen epigenetic mechanisms of action in diverse tissues can be expected to expand our understanding of PCOS pathogenesis.
Safety and Efficacy of the Under-Corrected Frontalis Sling in Myogenic Ptosis Accompanying Extraocular Muscle Paralysis.

OBJECTIVE The surgical treatment of myogenic ptosis accompanying extraocular muscle paralysis is an intractable problem in the field of oculoplastic surgery due to the severe complications such as exposure keratopathy. It is promising to find an appropriate procedure to treat this kind of patients, which is able to ensure the safety and efficacy. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed 12 eyes of 6 patients who underwent the under-corrected "double V-Loop" frontalis suspension sling procedure for myogenic ptosis accompanying extraocular muscle paralysis and access the safety and efficacy of this kind of surgery. All the patients underwent corneal fluorescein staining and confocal microscopy before and after the surgery to inspect the corneal condition. The density of central corneal epithelial cells and endothelial cells were observed. RESULTS After the surgery, the eyelids contour was natural, and the symmetry was achieved in these cases. The average palpebral fissures height changed from 2.75 ± 1.41 mm to 4.50 ± 0.35 mm (P = 0.0007) and margin reflex distance 1 changed from -1.25 ± 1.22 mm to +0.50 ± 0.35 mm (P = 0.0002). Out of 12 operated eyes, mild postoperative lagophthalmos was present in 4 cases but without exposure keratopathy during the follow-up, the confocal microscopy showed that there were no significant differences in central corneal superficial epithelial cells (P = 0.93) and endothelial cells (P = 0.90) before and after the surgery. CONCLUSION The under-corrected "double V-Loop" frontalis suspension sling is a proper surgery in myogenic ptosis accompanying extraocular muscle paralysis, which leads to a low occurrence of exposure keratopathy, maintains the integrity of the cornea, and remains the patients' vision function.
CoV3D: A database and resource for high resolution coronavirus protein structures

Coronaviruses represent a major global threat as emerging pathogens, most recently SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent behind COVID-19, which is currently causing a global pandemic. The urgent need for effective vaccines and therapies is leading to a rapid rise in the number of high resolution structures of SARS-CoV-2 proteins that collectively reveal critical targets on the virus and a map of vulnerabilities. To enable structure-based design of vaccines and therapeutics, as well as insights into structural and molecular features of coronaviruses, we have developed the CoV3D database, which provides a view of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus protein structures, updated on a weekly basis. This database includes and annotates structures of coronavirus proteins and their complexes with antibodies, receptors, and small molecules. Additionally, CoV3D provides information on spike glycoprotein sequence variability and polymorphisms, mapping these features onto the spike structure, and includes spike structures with modeled glycosylation. CoV3D is available at: https://cov3d.ibbr. umd.edu.
Standing in the sun: infrared thermography reveals distinct thermal regulatory behaviours in two tropical high-shore littorinid snails

The understanding of how climate warming may affect the ecological and geographical distributions of intertidal ectotherms requires insight into how their body temperatures vary in rela-tion to environmental temperature This issue is particularly relevant in high-shore environments, in which species experience extreme thermal stress regimes during the periods of aerial exposure In fact, high- shore intertidal species are considered more vulnerable to climate warming than low-shore or subtidal species, because they are typically living closer to their thermal tolerance physio- logical limits in the tropics Somero, 2012 for a review). responses behavioural responses thermal a regulatory behaviours critical on of complexity, and spatial
Improved behavioral indices of welfare in continuous compared to intermittent pair‐housing in adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Limiting opportunities for captive nonhuman primates (NHPs) to express species‐specific social behaviors may disrupt the adaptive drive for social companionship and may lead to increases in coping behaviors and inactivity. While captive NHPs show improved welfare when moving to pair‐housing from single‐housing, the impact of daily separation of pair‐mates, as is implemented in intermittent pair‐housing, is not fully understood. We compared behavioral indices of welfare exhibited by adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in two conditions: (1) intermittent pair‐housing, involving daily overnight separation of pair‐mates, and (2) continuous pair‐housing, involving little separation of pair‐mates. A within‐subjects study design tested two groups of females experiencing both pairing conditions in an alternate order, switching either from continuous to intermittent pair‐housing, or from intermittent to continuous pair‐housing. Behavioral observations, recording activity state, self‐directed, abnormal, and social behaviors, were conducted at midday when all females were paired, and in the afternoon when intermittent pairs were separated. Females exhibited higher levels of inactivity and self‐directed behavior when separated due to intermittent pair‐housing in comparison to continuous pair‐housing. In addition, intermittently paired females showed higher levels of grooming and other types of affiliation when paired, than during the same time frame when they were continuously paired. These results suggest that females in the continuous presence of a social partner experience improved levels of activity and do not need to elevate levels of behavioral coping mechanisms (e.g., self‐scratching, increased affiliation) as they receive the benefits associated with social companionship consistently throughout the day. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that continuous pair‐housing affords better welfare than intermittent pair‐housing in adult female rhesus macaques. Pair‐housing options, such as continuous pairing, that reduce reliance on behavioral coping mechanisms and promote adaptive social behavior throughout the entirety of the day should be prioritized over husbandry care scheduled for convenience.