Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Results of biopsy via transurethral cystoscopy and cystotomy for diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and urethra in dogs: 92 cases (2003-2008).

OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic utility of transurethral cystoscopic biopsy in dogs with histologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder and urethra. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 92 dogs with histologically confirmed TCC. PROCEDURES Information on sex, breed, neuter status, body weight, tumor location, biopsy method, number of biopsy procedures, experience level of clinician performing biopsy, and quality of biopsy sample was obtained from medical records. The association of variables with likelihood of achieving a diagnostic-quality biopsy sample was evaluated by use of logistic regression. RESULTS If used as the initial biopsy method, cystoscopic biopsy samples were of diagnostic quality in 65% of male dogs and 96% of female dogs with histologically confirmed TCC. Cystoscopic biopsy samples were significantly more likely to be of diagnostic quality in female dogs than in male dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cystoscopic biopsy is an effective method to obtain biopsy samples in dogs with TCC of the bladder and urethra. Cystoscopy is more likely to produce a diagnostic-quality biopsy sample in female dogs with TCC than in male dogs with TCC. Cystoscopy should be considered as a primary means of biopsy in male and female dogs with masses of the urinary bladder or urethra.
Effects of adverse birth events on maternal mood, maternal functional status and infant care

Unplanned, adverse events during labor or delivery may generate a negative response for the mother during the early postpartum period, resulting in disruption of usual functioning and mood. Alterations in maternal mood can lead to a more debilitating condition known as Postpartum Depression. Postpartum Depression negatively affects the quality of life and functional status of mothers and infants. High levels of maternal depressive symptoms are associated with parenting, infant attachment, behavioral problems and cognition (Beck 2002). Little research has been completed exploring the relationship of adverse, unplanned events in labor or delivery and maternal mood, functional status and infant care in the immediate postpartum period. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of adverse events in labor or delivery and mood, functional status and infant care at 2-weeks postpartum. The secondary aim was to explore the role of social support as a possible moderator in the relationship between adverse birth events and maternal outcomes. A secondary analysis of data was performed using data collected in a descriptive, longitudinal study examining the effects of antidepressant use during pregnancy. Participants included a convenience sample of 123 women. The main outcome measures included maternal mood, functional status, and infant care at 2-weeks postpartum. Adverse events in labor or delivery did not significantly predict mood (odds ratio =1.34, p=.536), functional status (R2 change = .001, p=.66), or infant care (R2 change=.004, p=.48) at 2-weeks postpartum when controlling for depression during pregnancy, antidepressant use at delivery, education level, age, and parity. Social support had significant effects on mood (p=.02), functional status (p=.014), and infant care (p < .001) but did not moderate the effect of adverse events when predicting mood (odds ratio=1.01, p=.045), functional status (R2 change =.009, p=.056) and infant care (R2 change<.001, p=.92). The occurrence of an adverse event in labor or delivery does not appear to predict alterations in mood, functional status, or infant care at 2-weeks postpartum. Although social support does appear to be related to mood, functional status and infant care, it does not appear to moderate the effect of adverse events on the selected outcomes.
What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis?

Vet Med Today: What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? 525 What is the problem? Where is the lesion? What are the most probable causes of this problem? What is your plan to establish a diagnosis? Please turn the page. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? A 1-year-old 15-kg (33-lb) female dwarf goat was evaluated because of a 1-month history of progressive neurologic disturbances. The goat lived in a rural environment with its dam and a few sheep and dogs. The owner had noticed neurologic signs 4 months earlier; at that time, the goat had received no treatment. Physical examination findings were considered normal. Because of repeated handling of the goat since birth, it was possible to perform a neurologic In cooperation with
Lynch syndrome: expanded tumor spectrum, universal screening and multimodal treatment strategies for colon cancer

A total of 15% to 20% of colorectal cancers are considered familial and Lynch syndrome (LS) accounts for 2% to 6% of all cases. Recently, microsatellite instability (MSI) has been identified in breast, bladder and prostate cancers of Lynch mutation carriers, thus expanding the tumor spectrum. Potential Lynch patients can be initially screened by testing their cancer specimen for MSI and mismatch repair (MMR) gene with immunohistochemistry (IHC). If positive, then genetic testing of these individuals are strongly encouraged, in order to guide treatment such as extended colectomy plus 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) based adjuvant chemotherapy particularly for Stage III Lynch colon cancer. With increased clinician awareness and improved identification of LS patients, surgical and chemo therapies can be tailored and optimized for their survival benefit.
Canadian Community-Dwelling Young-Old and Old-Old: Determinants of Satisfaction with Health Care

RÉSUMÉ Cette étude visait à déterminer les facteurs de satisfaction à l'égard des soins de santé chez les aîné(e)s canadien(ne)s vivant dans la communauté. On a utilisé un concept corrélationnel pour examiner les relations entre les facteurs sociodémographiques, les variables psychosociales, l'utilisation des services de santé et la satisfaction à l'égard des soins de santé chez les jeunes aîné(e)s et chez les aîné(e)s plus âgés. On a analysé un sous-échantillonage (N = 2 413) de l'Enquête nationale sur la santé de la population de 1994/95. Des analyses de régression hiérarchique ont révélé que les variables socio-démographiques constituaient les meilleurs prédicteurs de satisfaction à l'égard du système de santé national chez les jeunes aîné(e)s. La consultation des professionnels de la santé était le meilleur prédicteur de satisfaction à l'égard du système de soins de santé canadien chez les aîné(e)s âgé(e)s et des soins de santé reçus dans les deux groupes. La consultation des praticiens de médecines parallèles indiquait l'insatisfaction envers les soins de santé canadiens et des soins reçus par les aîné(e)s âgé(e)s. La détermination des plus importants facteurs de satisfaction à l'égard des soins de santé peut fournir des indices utiles aux responsables des politiques, aux planificateurs de programmes et aux praticiens de sorte que l'on puisse offrir des services plus appropriés et plus efficaces à ce groupe de population. ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to identify the determinants of satisfaction with health care for Canadian community-dwelling older adults. A correlational design was used to examine the relationships between socio-demographic indicators, psychosocial variables, health services utilization, and satisfaction with health care in the young-old and old-old. A subsample (N = 2,413) from the 1994/95 National Population Health Survey Supplement was analysed. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that socio-demographic variables were the best predictors of satisfaction with the national health care system in the young-old. Consultation with health care professionals was the best predictor of satisfaction with the Canadian health care system in the old-old and of health care personally received in both cohorts. Consultations with alternative practitioners was negatively related to satisfaction with health care in Canada and to care personally received in the old-old. The identification of the best determinants of satisfaction with health care can provide useful direction to policy makers, program planners, and practitioners so that more appropriate and effective services can be made available to this population.
Intrapleural Fibrinolysis for the Treatment of Indwelling Pleural Catheter-Related Symptomatic Loculations: A Multicenter Observational Study.

BACKGROUND Indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) are an effective option in the management of malignant pleural effusion. Up to 14% of patients with IPCs develop symptomatic pleural loculations causing ineffective fluid drainage and breathlessness. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy for IPC-related symptomatic loculations. METHODS All patients who received intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy for symptomatic loculations between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2014, in four established IPC centers were retrospectively included. Patient outcomes, treatment effectiveness, and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS Sixty-six patients (mean age, 64.7 ± 14.2 years; 52% women) were included. Lung cancer (31.3%) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (20.3%) were the most common malignancies. Fibrinolytic instillation was performed in outpatient (61%) and inpatient settings. Tissue-plasminogen activator (n = 52), urokinase (n = 12), and streptokinase (n = 2) were used. The majority (69.7%) received only one fibrinolytic dose (range, one to six). Pleural fluid drainage increased in 93% of patients, and dyspnea improved in 83% following therapy. The median cumulative pleural fluid volume drained at 24 h posttreatment was 500 mL (interquartile range 300-1,034 mL). The area of opacity caused by pleural effusion on chest radiograph decreased from (mean, SD) 52% (14%) to 31% (21%) of the hemithorax (n = 13; P = .001). There were two cases of nonfatal pleural bleed (3%). CONCLUSIONS Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy can improve pleural fluid drainage and symptoms in selected patients with IPC and symptomatic loculation, but it carries a small risk of pleural bleeding. There is significant heterogeneity in its use currently, and further studies are needed to determine patient selection and optimal dosing regimen and to define its safety profile.
Current Concepts on Accelerated ACL Rehabilitation

It is well established that intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone graft provides satisfactory long-term stability. However, the rehabilitation programs employed following this surgical procedure have been a topic of considerable debate. This paper describes an accelerated rehabilitation protocol that is divided into four phases. The first phase encompasses the preoperative period, during which the patient will work to decrease swelling and restore range of motion and strength. The second phase involves Weeks 1 and 2 following surgery, with the patient emphasizing immediate terminal knee extension and weight bearing. The final two phases involve improving lower extremity strength and full return to daily and athletic activities. This accelerated rehabilitation protocol has resulted in an earlier return of range of motion and strength without compromising ligamentous stability.
Use of trazodone to facilitate postsurgical confinement in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and efficacy of oral administration of the serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor trazodone hydrochloride to facilitate confinement and calming after orthopedic surgery in dogs. DESIGN Prospective open-label clinical trial. ANIMALS 36 client-owned dogs that underwent orthopedic surgery. PROCEDURES Starting the day after surgery, dogs were administered trazodone (approx 3.5 mg/kg [1.6 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) with tramadol (4 to 6 mg/kg [1.8 to 2.7 mg/lb], PO, q 8 to 12 h) for pain management. After 3 days, administration of tramadol was discontinued, and the trazodone dosage was increased (approx 7 mg/kg [3.2 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) and maintained for at least 4 weeks. If needed, trazodone dosage was increased (7 to 10 mg/kg [3.2 to 4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 8 h). Owners completed electronic surveys rating their dogs' confinement tolerance, calmness or hyperactivity level, and responses to specific provocative situations prior to surgery and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after surgery and at the postsurgery evaluation (at 8 to 12 weeks). RESULTS Most (32/36 [89%]) of owners reported that their dogs, when given trazodone during the 8 to 12 weeks following orthopedic surgery, improved moderately or extremely with regard to confinement tolerance and calmness. Trazodone was well tolerated, even in combination with NSAIDs, antimicrobials, and other medications; no dogs were withdrawn from the study because of adverse reactions. Owner-reported median onset of action of trazodone was 31 to 45 minutes, and median duration of action was ≥ 4 hours. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that oral administration of trazodone was safe and efficacious and may be used to facilitate confinement and enhance behavioral calmness of dogs during the critical recovery period following orthopedic surgery.
Evaluation of factors associated with work-related injuries to veterinary technicians certified in Minnesota.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the magnitude and consequences of work-related injuries and associated factors among veterinary technicians certified in Minnesota. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE 1,427 certified veterinary technicians (CVTs). PROCEDURES Surveys were used to collect data on demographics, personal characteristics, injury occurrences in the 12 months prior to survey completion, and injury consequences. Annual injury rates were estimated on the basis of demographic and work-related characteristics. Risk of injury associated with various factors was estimated by calculation of incidence rate ratios, controlling for multiple factors. RESULTS 465 of 873 eligible CVTs reported 1,827 injury events (total and bite injury rates, 237 and 78 injuries/100 persons/y). Primary injury sources were cats and dogs, and most injuries occurred during animal restraint or treatment. Self-reported most severe injuries involved bites; cuts, lacerations, or scratches; bruises or contusions; and abrasions. Injury consequences included treatment and restricted work activity. Risk of work-related injury was lower for CVTs who worked < 40 h/wk than for those who worked ≥ 40 h/wk. The risk was higher for CVTs working in small animal or mixed mostly small animal facilities and lower for those working in mixed large and small animal facilities, commercial or industry operations, and government or regulatory facilities, compared with CVTs in colleges or universities. Handling 4 to > 6 (vs < 4) animal species during the 12 months prior to the survey and belief that injuries are not preventable were also associated with higher risk of injury. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Several factors associated with the risk of work-related injury among CVTs were identified. Beyond these risk factors, investigation of additional exposures is integral to relevant intervention strategies.
A randomized controlled field trial of a novel trimethoprim-sulfadiazine oral suspension for treatment of Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus infection of the lower respiratory tract in horses.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel trimethoprim-sulfadiazine oral suspension for the treatment of naturally acquired Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus infection in horses. DESIGN Randomized, controlled field trial. ANIMALS 180 horses with S equi subsp zooepidemicus infection. PROCEDURES Horses with lower respiratory tract infections caused by S equi subsp zooepidemicus were treated with a new formulation of combined trimethoprim-sulfadiazine oral suspension at a dosage of 24 mg/kg (10.9 mg/lb) twice daily for 10 days (treatment group) or with an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (placebo group). Response to treatment, including clinical signs and fecal consistency scores, was assessed twice daily. Any adverse effects were recorded. The primary outcome variable was clinical response; the secondary outcome variable was eradication of S equi subsp zooepidemicus on study day 17 as determined by bacteriologic culture of repeated transtracheal-wash specimens. RESULTS Of the 119 horses allocated to the treatment group, 69 (58%) had a positive clinical response. A significantly smaller proportion of horses in the placebo group (9/61 [15%]) had a positive clinical response. By day 5, 25 of 61 (41%) placebo horses had been withdrawn from the study because of negative clinical response, compared with only 10 of 119 (8.4%) treated horses. By day 10, 28 of 61 (46%) placebo horses had been withdrawn because of negative clinical response, compared with only 13 of 119 (11%) treated horses. There were few adverse events associated with the trimethoprim-sulfadiazine suspension. There were no significant differences in fecal consistency scores between treatment and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The new oral suspension administered at 24 mg/kg twice daily effectively treated the clinical signs of S equi subsp zooepidemicus lower respiratory infection in horses and eliminated the organism from the respiratory tract. Adverse effects were minimal.
Reference values, intertest correlations, and test-retest repeatability of selected tear film tests in healthy cats.

OBJECTIVE To determine reference values, intertest correlations, and test-retest repeatability of Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1), phenol red thread test (PRTT), tear film breakup time (TFBUT), tear osmolarity, and meibometry in healthy cats. DESIGN Evaluation study. ANIMALS 135 healthy domestic cats aged 0.5 to 12.8 years. PROCEDURES Each test was performed once in 120 cats and repeated in 40. Pearson correlation was used to assess correlation among tests. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were used to evaluate test-retest repeatability. RESULTS Median (95% central range) values were 18 mm/min (9 to 34 mm/min) for STT-1, 29 mm/15 s (15 to 37 mm/15 s) for PRTT, 12.4 seconds (9.1 to 17.7 seconds) for TFBUT, 322 mOsm/L (297 to 364 mOsm/L) for osmolarity, and 32 meibometry units (MU; 11 to 114 MU) for peak meibometry value. The STT-1 and PRTT values were positively correlated. Age was weakly associated with TFBUT and osmolarity. Meibometry measurements were higher for strips that contacted the tear film (285 MU) than for those that touched the eyelid margin only (32 MU). All ICCs were < 0.75, and 95% LOA were wide. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Tear deficiency should be suspected in cats with STT-1 < 9 mm/min, PRTT < 15 mm/15 s, or TFBUT < 9 to 10 seconds. Generally poor correlation among tests suggested that thorough tear film analysis requires performance of multiple tests in concert. Relatively poor test-retest repeatability should be considered when repeated tests are used to monitor tear film dysfunction and response to treatment.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of nutrition and food safety information in school science textbooks of India

Objective: To assess quantity and quality of nutrition and food safety information in science textbooks prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), India for grades I through X. Design: Content analysis. Methods: A coding scheme was developed for quantitative and qualitative analyses. Two investigators independently coded the data and inter-coder reliability was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa. The inferences were then reviewed by an expert group. Results: There was high agreement (Kappa = 0.89) between coders. Nutrition topics got > 10% pages in textbooks of grades I to VII, while they were omitted in subsequent grades. Food safety got a mere 1% of page allocation only in grades I to III books. Over 25% of biology illustrations related to nutrition in grades I, II and IV but not in others. Nutrition topics in textbooks beyond grade IV were repetitive and inconsistent. Some illustrations depicted uncommon foods and had urban bias. Conclusions: Nutrition and food safety content in science textbooks is low. Important topics such as nutritional needs during adolescence, obesity, unhealthy foods and food labelling are not covered. These findings provide direction for strengthening textbook content to promote nutrition education in schools.
A qualitative investigation of adults’ perceived benefits, barriers and strategies for consuming milk and milk products

Objective: Milk and milk products provide important nutrients and have been associated with numerous health benefits in addition to bone health, including a healthy weight and a reduction of risk for certain conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. Nonetheless, consumption of milk and milk products has declined over the past two decades. A qualitative investigation of men’s and women’s outcome expectancies for, and facilitators and barriers to, consuming milk and milk products is an essential first step for the creation of theory-based messages for the consumption of milk and milk products. Design: Qualitative group interview study. Setting: Research was conducted at community centres in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. Method: We undertook eight in-depth qualitative group interviews. Separate groups were conducted for men (n = 20, Mage = 42 ± 6) and women (n = 20, Mage = 38 ± 7) and adequate (≥2 servings/day) and under-consumers (<2 servings/day). The interview schedule, grounded in social cognitive theory, included questions probing participant’s perceptions of milk and milk products and strategies for meeting dietary recommendations for milk product consumption. Data were analysed using hierarchical content analysis. Results: Perception of contamination of milk and milk products was one of the most common barriers. Consuming milk and milk products as part of a routine and making plans to consume milk and combining milk and milk products with other foods emerged as common strategies from ensuring adequate consumption. Within these themes, gender differences were apparent. Conclusion: Messages promoting milk and milk product consumption should target consumers’ beliefs about the benefits of milk products and provide strategies for increasing their consumption.
Dorsal displacement of the soft palate and palatal instability.

Summary Palatal dysfunction is very common in performance horses. At present, relatively little is known about its aetiology and pathogenesis, although several theories have been proposed. As a result, a multitude of treatments, both conservative and surgical, have been advocated for dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP). This tutorial article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the disorder, discussing aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management in turn.
Trachoma knowledge in Southern Khorassan, Iran

Trachoma is a keratoconjunctivitis that causes ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). The chronicity and reinfection leads to increasingly severe inflammation that can damage the conjunctiva and cornea. The WHO (World Health Organization) is in alliance with the Global Elimination of Trachoma by 2020. This safe strategy includes: surgery for trichiasis, antibiotics for active trachoma, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement. Although there is evidence which supports effectiveness of this approach, will it be eliminated by 2020? There are many old people who suffer from trachoma sequel in Southern Khorassan, Iran, thus discrepancy of clinical versus paraclinical diagnosis of active trachoma especially in a suspicious case remains unclear. Therefore, our negative result according to PCR approaches among 10 cases of clinically suspicious or definite trachoma will be an emphasis on clinical diagnosis. Key word: Trachoma, diagnosis, prevalence, elimination.