Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corruption and the Balance of Gender Power

This paper seeks to explain the negative relationship between female participation in a government and corruption found in empirical research. We propose that even if there are no innate gender differences towards moral values, the costs of corrupt behavior may still differ across genders and are related to the proportion of female participation in government agencies. Hence, females behave more honestly than males do, not because they are naturally prone to it, but because they cannot afford to be corrupt if they are a minority. In that sense, the total density of corruption is non-monotonic in the proportion of female participation.
Suppressing Acoustic Resonance in HID Lamp with Combined Frequency Modulation

The acoustic resonance phenomenon occurs in high intensity discharge lamp operating in high frequency with appropriate activation frequency and enough energy at the same time. A combination of nonlinear frequency modulation and low frequency amplitude modulation is proposed to spread the output spectrums over a broad frequency band, to lessen the amplitudes of different frequencies, to reduce the activation energy, to prevent the plasma acoustic waves from being the standing waves, and then suppresses the acoustic resonances effectively, and also the experimental results are given out in this paper.
A Framework of Integrated Recyclability Tools For Automobile Design

Automobiles are major transportation choice for society around the world. Automotive industries in many countries mostly are one of the drivers of economic growth, job creation and technology advancement. Although automotive industry gives promising return, problem of managing disposal at the end of automotive’s life is quite challenging. Automobile is a very complex product that comprise of thousand components made from various materials that need to be separately treated. In addition, short supply of natural resources has provided opportunities to either reuse, remanufacture or recycle automotive’s components. End of Life Vehicle (ELV) Directive launched by European Union mandated that recyclability rate of automobile must reach 85% by 2015. The aim of this legislation is to minimize the impact of end of life vehicle, contributing to prevention, preservation and improvement of environment quality and energy conservation. Vehicle manufacturers and suppliers requested to include these aspects at earlier stages of the development of new vehicles, in order to facilitate the treatment of vehicles at the time when they reach the end of their life. Therefore, the automobile industry has to establish its voluntary action plan for ELVs, and has numerical target to improve ELV recycling rate, reduce automotive shredder residue (ASR) landfill volume, and reduce lead content. Many innovative approaches in improving recyclability have been implemented, but still called out for more intelligent solutions which integrate recyclability evaluation in product development stage. This paper attempts to review some of current innovative approach that used to improve recyclability and introduce a framework for integrated recyclability tool to improve product recyclability throughout its development phase.
Two-Step Approach for Fabrication of Durable Superamphiphobic Fabrics for Self-Cleaning, Antifouling, and On-Demand Oil/Water Separation

Superamphiphobic materials have attracted lots of attention due to its wide applications in many fields. However, the preparation of most superamphiphobic materials was time-consuming and complicated. In this study, a durable superamphiphobic fabric was prepared by vapor–liquid sol–gel method to deposit silica with thiol (SiO2–SH) and thiol–ene click reaction to graft 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate (FMA). The superamphiphobic fabric can repel liquids with surface tension as low as 27.5 mN m–1. Importantly, the fabric can maintain high amphiphobicity after 15 laundry cycles, 40 tape-peeling cycles, 160 g of sand abrasion, 24 h UV irradiation, as well as immersion in acid/base solution for 12 h, 95 °C water for 6 h or 2 °C water for 24 h. What’s more, the fabric shows excellent self-cleaning and antifouling properties. After the superamphiphobic fabric was prewetted by ethanol, it shows superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity and superoleophilicity/underoil superhydrophobicity, whic.
Manual on application of molecular tools in aquaculture and inland fisheries management. Part I : conceptual basis of population genetic approaches

The aim of this manual is to provide a comprehensive practical tool for the generation and analysis of genetic data for subsequent application in aquatic resources management in relation to genetic stock identification in inland fisheries and aquaculture. The material only covers general background on genetics in relation to aquaculture and fisheries resource management, the techniques and relevant methods of data analysis that are commonly used to address questions relating to genetic resource characterisation and population genetic analyses. No attempt is made to include applications of genetic improvement techniques e.g. selective breeding or producing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The manual includes two ‘stand-alone’ parts, of which this is the first volume: Part 1 – Conceptual basis of population genetic approaches: will provide a basic foundation on genetics in general, and concepts of population genetics. Issues on the choices of molecular markers and project design are also discussed. Part 2 – Laboratory protocols, data management and analysis: will provide step-by-step protocols of the most commonly used molecular genetic techniques utilised in population genetics and systematic studies. In addition, a brief discussion and explanation of how these data are managed and analysed is also included. This manual is expected to enable NACA member country personnel to be trained to undertake molecular genetic studies in their own institutions, and as such is aimed at middle and higher level technical grades. The manual can also provide useful teaching material for specialised advanced level university courses in the region and postgraduate students. The manual has gone through two development/improvement stages. The initial material was tested at a regional workshop and at the second stage feedback from participants was used to improve the contents.
Pressure-Sensitive Paint Measurements on Surfaces with Non-Uniform Temperature

Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) has become a useful tool to augment conventional pressure taps in measuring the surface pressure distribution of aerodynamic components in wind tunnel testing. While the PSP offers the advantage of a non-intrusive global mapping of the surface pressure, one prominent drawback to the accuracy of this technique is the inherent temperature sensitivity of the coating's luminescent intensity. A typical aerodynamic surface PSP test has relied on the coated surface to be both spatially and temporally isothermal, along with conventional instrumentation for an in situ calibration to generate the highest accuracy pressure mappings. In some tests however, spatial and temporal thermal gradients are generated by the nature of the test as in a blowing jet impinging on a surface. In these cases, the temperature variations on the painted surface must be accounted for in order to yield high accuracy and reliable data. A new temperature correction technique was developed at NASA Lewis to collapse a "family" of PSP calibration curves to a single intensity ratio versus pressure curve. This correction allows a streamlined procedure to be followed whether or not temperature information is used in the data reduction of the PSP. This paper explores the use of conventional instrumentation such as thermocouples and pressure taps along with temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) to correct for the thermal gradients that exist in aeropropulsion PSP tests. Temperature corrected PSP measurements for both a supersonic mixer ejector and jet cavity interaction tests are presented.
Robust Diagnostics for Bayesian Compressive Sensing Technique in Structural Health Monitoring

Signal compression is often important to reduce the cost of data transfer and storage for structural health monitoring (SHM) systems of civil structures. Compressive sensing is a novel data compressing method whereby one does not measure the entire signal directly but rather a set of related ("projected") measurements. The length of the required compressive-sensing measurements is typically much smaller than the original signal, therefore increasing the efficiency of data transfer and storage. Recently, a Bayesian formalism has also been employed for optimal compressive sensing, which adopts the ideas in the relevance vector machine (RVM) as a decompression tool. In this article, we study the robustness of the BCS method. We show that the usual RVM optimization algorithm lacks robustness when the number of measurements is a lot less than the length of the signals because it can produce sub-optimal signal representations; as a result, BCS is not robust when high compression efficiency is required. This induces a tradeoff between efficiently compressing data and accurately decompressing it. Based on a study of the robustness of the BCS method, diagnostic tools are proposed to investigate whether the compressed representation of the signal is optimal. The numerical results also are given to validate the proposed method.
Genetic Algorithm based Emotional State Evaluation from Filtered EEG Data

Emotion plays an important role in the daily life of man and is an important feature of human interaction. Because of its role of adaptation, it motivates people to respond quickly to stimuli in their environment to improve communication, learning and decision making. With the increasing role of the brain-computer interface (BCI) in user-computer interaction, automatic recognition of emotions has become an area of interest in the last decade. The recognition of emotions could be facial expression, gesture, speech and text and could be recorded in different ways, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), etc. In this research work, feature extraction feature reduction and classification of emotions have been evaluated on different methods to recognize and classify different emotional states such as fear, sad, frustrated, happy, pleasant and satisfied from inner emotion EEG signals.
Electromagnetic Particle‐In‐Cell simulation on the impedance of a dipole antenna surrounded by an ion sheath

We have newly developed a numerical tool for the analysis of antenna impedance in plasma environment by making use of electromagnetic Particle‐In‐Cell (PIC) plasma simulations. To validate the developed tool, we first examined the antenna impedance in a homogeneous kinetic plasma and confirmed that the obtained results basically agree with the conventional theories. We next applied the tool to examine an ion‐sheathed dipole antenna. The results confirmed that the inclusion of the ion‐sheath effects reduces the capacitance below the electron plasma frequency. The results also revealed that the signature of impedance resonance observed at the plasma frequency is modified by the presence of the sheath. Since the sheath dynamics can be solved by the PIC scheme throughout the antenna analysis in a self‐consistent manner, the developed tool has feasibility to perform more practical and complicated antenna analyses that will be necessary in real space missions.
Time series classification for rumor detection

The automatic detection of rumors in social networks has gained considerable attention from researchers and practitioners during the last decade, due to the consequences of the spread of disinformation in public opinion. Most of the existing methods make use of features extracted from conversational threads, user profiles, and structural information of the network. These features are difficult to capture in practice and are often only partially available during the spread of rumors. In this paper, we study an unexplored approach in rumor detection: time series classification (TSC). By modeling the problem using time series, we avoid using lexical or structural characteristics of the network. Instead, we use information that is simpler to capture, such as the volume of tweets and the number of followers and followees of the users involved in a story. In this way, the characterization of the story is not related to specific users, but to variables aggregated at the event level.We introduce a TSC-based model for detecting rumors based on hypergraph partitioning, aligning time series prototypes with rumor classes. Our approach uses a Siamese network to train a rumor detection model in a supervised way, minimizing the distance between the time series of the training examples and the prototypes of their class. Results on benchmark data show that our approach surpasses other TSC-based methods in detecting rumors. Also, we compare our methods performance with methods that make use of lexical and structural characteristics. Our experiments show that our method has advantages in time-sensitive contexts, outperforming the state of the art in early detection scenarios with incomplete information.
Analysis techniques for detection of IM broken rotor bars after supply disconnection

This paper presents some analysis techniques of the space-vector of voltages induced in the stator windings after supply disconnection, to detect broken rotor bars in squirrel cage induction machines. When the motor is disconnected from the supply no currents flow in the stator windings and the voltages measurable at its terminals are due to flux produced by rotor currents. When the rotor is healthy, the voltages measured at motor terminals are almost sinusoidal because of the symmetry of rotor windings. When there are broken rotor bars, the magneto-motive force (m.m.f.) generated by rotor windings results distorted, and some particular harmonics, contained in the voltages induced in the stator windings, increase their amplitudes. The diagnostic technique is based on monitoring these voltage harmonics and analyzing the space vector of the voltages induced in the stator windings via MUSIC pseudospectrum and Short-Time MUSIC (STMUSIC) time-frequency pseudo-representation. The MUSIC algorithm is based on the eigen-analysis of the autocorrelation matrix, and permits to evidence the principal harmonic frequencies of the signal and decrease the noise influence, thus allowing a better detection of the broken rotor bars. The results obtained using MUSIC and STMUSIC algorithm have been compared experimentally with those obtained by FFT and STFFT respectively, and two different sized induction motors have been tested, to demonstrate the superiority of the former approach. Differently from most of the diagnostic techniques already proposed in the technical literature, the proposed approach is effective regardless the load condition of the machine, source characteristics and iron saturation.
Changing public opinion about gender activates group threat and opposition to feminist social movements among men

Two studies examined whether men’s perception of the declining value of traditional masculinity activates social status, realistic, and symbolic threat, and in turn motivates opposition to feminist social movements. In Study 1, men’s perception that their ingroup is losing value across several social spheres was associated with social status and realistic threat, both of which were associated with opposition to feminist movements. Study 2, an experiment, presented men with public opinion data showing a 30-year decline in the degree to which Americans value traditional masculinity or no decline. Information about the declining value of masculinity activated status threat, which motivated less support for feminist movements. Among men who highly identified as masculine, this same information reduced support for feminist movements through symbolic threat. In sum, perceived decline in the social value of traditional masculinity creates status anxiety about the ingroup’s future and motivates compensatory reactions against gender equality.
Depolarization wave and mechanics in the paced heart : model and experiment

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Sodium Fast Reactor Safety and Licensing Research Plan - Volume I

This report proposes potential research priorities for the Department of Energy (DOE) with the intent of improving the licensability of the Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR). In support of this project, five panels were tasked with identifying potential safety-related gaps in available information, data, and models needed to support the licensing of a SFR. The areas examined were sodium technology, accident sequences and initiators, source term characterization, codes and methods, and fuels and materials. It is the intent of this report to utilize a structured and transparent process that incorporates feedback from all interested stakeholders to suggest future funding priorities for the SFR research and development. While numerous gaps were identified, two cross-cutting gaps related to knowledge preservation were agreed upon by all panels and should be addressed in the near future. The first gap is a need to re-evaluate the current procedures for removing the Applied Technology designation from old documents. The second cross-cutting gap is the need for a robust Knowledge Management and Preservation system in all SFR research areas. Closure of these and the other identified gaps will require both a reprioritization of funding within DOE as well as a re-evaluation of existing bureaucratic procedures within the DOEmore » associated with Applied Technology and Knowledge Management. « less
A Low Power, Tight Seal, Polyimide Electrostatic Microvalve

An electrostatically-actuated polyimide microvalve with low power consumption (< 1mW) is presented in this paper. Bias voltage applied across a sub-micron gap between the sealing electrodes generates a large electrostatic force (1.3N) resulting in a tight seal for the valve. Built-in residual stress results in a curled bimorph cantilever which allows for a microactuator with large displacement. This microactuator is used to open and close a fluid path hole etched in silicon for a microvalve. The microactuator can be actuated with 25V for a displacement of 200 μm. The cantilever actuator is mainly composed of polyimide, which is flexible enough to conform over the flow hole, thereby eliminating the need for the design of a valve seat.
Process simulation in waste management

Waste minimization is an important component of any organization`s waste management program and is being increasingly demanded by upper management. The major objective of waste minimization is to reduce the amount of waste, the hazard of waste, or the difficulty in managing the waste by modifying raw materials, feed preparation, and the generating process, or altering effluent streams. Thus, waste management process simulation programs are a real necessity for conducting appropriate analyses of the existing processes that produce waste or modifying the existing processes to diminish waste production. This paper discusses the simulation package being developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. An effort to develop a new simulation package has started at ORNL in the Chemical Technology Division. The purpose of developing this package is to make it available to all DOE installations for their own use in waste management and process analysis. One of the necessary features of the simulation package is user friendliness. User friendliness, for the development of this program is understood as a characteristic of the computer program that provides easy access to the process unit operations, a simple question-answer interface for data input, and straightforward program execution commands.
Generalized maximum flow algorithms

We present several new efficient algorithms for the generalized maximum flow problem. In the traditional maximum flow problem, there is a capacitated network and the goal is to send as much of a single commodity as possible between two distinguished nodes, without exceeding the arc capacity limits. The problem has hundreds of applications including: shipping freight in a transportation network and pumping fluid through a hydraulic network. In traditional networks, there is an implicit assumption that flow is conserved on every arc. Many practical applications violate this conservation assumption. Freight may be damaged or spoil in transit; fluid may leak or evaporate. In generalized networks, each arc has a positive multiplier associated with it, representing the fraction of flow that remains when it is sent along that arc. The generalized maximum flow problem is identical to the traditional maximum flow problem, except that it can also model networks which "leak" flow.
Foundational development of an advanced nuclear reactor integrated safety code.

This report describes the activities and results of a Sandia LDRD project whose objective was to develop and demonstrate foundational aspects of a next-generation nuclear reactor safety code that leverages advanced computational technology. The project scope was directed towards the systems-level modeling and simulation of an advanced, sodium cooled fast reactor, but the approach developed has a more general applicability. The major accomplishments of the LDRD are centered around the following two activities. (1) The development and testing of LIME, a Lightweight Integrating Multi-physics Environment for coupling codes that is designed to enable both 'legacy' and 'new' physics codes to be combined and strongly coupled using advanced nonlinear solution methods. (2) The development and initial demonstration of BRISC, a prototype next-generation nuclear reactor integrated safety code. BRISC leverages LIME to tightly couple the physics models in several different codes (written in a variety of languages) into one integrated package for simulating accident scenarios in a liquid sodium cooled 'burner' nuclear reactor. Other activities and accomplishments of the LDRD include (a) further development, application and demonstration of the 'non-linear elimination' strategy to enable physics codes that do not provide residuals to be incorporated into LIME, (b) significant extensions of the RIOmore » CFD code capabilities, (c) complex 3D solid modeling and meshing of major fast reactor components and regions, and (d) an approach for multi-physics coupling across non-conformal mesh interfaces. « less