Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physicians’ and Nurses’ Perceptions of Pharmacists’ Competencies, and Their Needs of Pharmacists during COVID-19

Objective: To understand how physicians and nurses evaluate Japanese pharmacists’ observed competencies and to explore potential new roles for pharmacists during COVID-19. Methods: A web-based Japanese survey with 25 items assessing physicians’ and nurses’ workplaces and the degree of their relationship with pharmacists in their daily work was conducted (Intage, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) in Japan in June 2021 (for one week beginning on 22 June). The survey asked physicians and nurses whether pharmacists had the required professional competencies and whether the needs of physicians and nurses were met by pharmacists in their workplaces. The scored questionnaire data, which used a Likert scale, were calculated as the mean and standard deviation (S.D.). The perception assessment scale used four levels (1, Agree; 2, Slightly agree; 3, Slightly disagree; and 4, Disagree). Results: This perception study ultimately obtained responses from 304 physicians and 336 nurses. Most pharmacists’ competencies were evaluated as “Agree” or “Slightly agree” by the physicians and nurses. However, the competencies for “Fundamental basic science” and “Prescription analytical skill or case analytical skill” were evaluated significantly lower by physicians than by nurses (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.01). Regarding physicians’ and nurses’ needs from pharmacists, nurses hoped that pharmacists could play a greater role as healthcare professionals in response to all items; in contrast, physicians hoped that pharmacists could play a greater role as healthcare professionals in response to five items. The common items were related to the role of healthcare professionals in the community. Conclusion: Our research is necessary for facilitating interprofessional collaboration and reflecting these results in pharmacy education by allowing physicians and nurses to assess the competencies of pharmacists and to understand their needs; however, these data are from only one country.
Effects of Erectile Dysfunction Drugs Use on T-Cells and Immune Markers on Men Who Have Sex with Men

Abstract Objective Examine prospective relationships between erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs and CD4 and CD8 T-cells, and immune markers among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods Data from Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, an observational prospective cohort study, with semiannual follow-ups conducted in four U.S. centers from 1998 onwards was used. Marginal structural models using g-computation were fitted to estimate the mean differences for the effects of self-reported ED drug use on CD4 and CD8 T-cell outcomes and immune biomarkers. Results Total of 1,391 men with HIV (MWH) and 307 men without HIV (MWOH) was included. Baseline mean CD4 cell count among MWH and MWOH was 499.9 and 966.7 cells/μL, respectively. At baseline, 41.8% of MWH were virally suppressed. ED drug users reported a mean of 44.4 months of exposure to ED drugs. ED drug use was associated with increased CD4 cell outcomes among MWH but not MWOH. Mean differences in CD4 cell counts after 1 year of ED drug use was 57.6 cells/μL and increased to 117.7 after 10 years among MWH. CD8 counts were higher in ED drug users among MWH over 10 years than non-users; no consistent differences were found among MWOH. ED drug use appeared to reduce immune marker levels, such as IL-6 and increase markers, such as IL-10. We observed similar effects of ED drug use on biomarker levels among MWOH. Conclusion Long-term use of ED drugs do not adversely affect immune function among MWH or MWOH. Future studies on the relationships between different types of ED drugs and effects on T-cell subtypes are warranted.
Deflection statistical monitoring model identification of the concrete gravity dam based on uncertainty analysis

Dam monitoring model is a contentious and complicated topic in dam safety monitoring research. The single measuring point model and the multidimensional and multi‐measuring point models are the most common dam monitoring models. The single measuring point model has higher accuracy and is widely used, but the rate of utilization of all the monitoring data is limited, making it difficult to reflect the full characteristics of the dam. However, the construction and solution of multidimensional and multipoint models, as well as the analysis of their results, are relatively complicated, and this is still a topic that needs to be explored and researched on a regular basis. The deflection model is a special form of multipoint model, which is rarely studied at present. Therefore, this paper takes concrete gravity dam as the research object, constructs the general form of its deflection statistical monitoring model, and proposes the corresponding identification method based on the uncertainty analysis. The numerical simulation results show that the optimal order of the deflection statistical monitoring model is mainly affected by the upstream water and temperature, showing a strong seasonal pattern. The deflection caused by the upstream water is nearly linear, while that caused by temperature is almost parabolic. The nonlinear degree of deflection will be enhanced when the deformation caused by the upstream water and temperature are superimposed in the same direction. Big measuring errors will “drown” the nonlinear characteristics of the dam's deflection, while a few measuring points will “exaggerate” the nonlinear characteristics.
Penerapan Metode ARCH/GARCH Dalam Peramalan Indeks Harga Saham Sektoral

Pergerakan indeks harga saham di suatu negara dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu tolak ukur untuk melihat kondisi perekonomian negara tersebut. Penelitian ini membahas tentang peramalan data saham sektoral bidang agrikultur, dengan 106 data dari bulan September 2013 sampai bulan September 2015. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu memodelkan dan meramalkan saham sektoral dengan menggunakan Metode ARCH/GARCH. Diperoleh hasil bahwa model ARCH(1) merupakan model yang tepat untuk dijadikan peramalan data saham sektoral. Menggunakan model ARCH(1) dilakukan peramalan sebanyak 8 minggu kedepan dimulai dari minggu pertama bulan Oktober 2015. Nilai MAPE menunjukkan persentase yang rendah, ini mengindikasikan peramalan mendekati data aktual.
Glaciers of the Koryak Highlands: assessment of the state using satellite images and field studies

The Koryak Highlands are a poorly explored area in terms of glaciation and its connection to climate. The purpose of this work is, using Sentinel-2 images (2019), to assess the state of glaciers at present against the background of climatic trends. Spatial patterns of trends of mean summer and annual temperatures, total precipitation and precipitation for the cold period from 1966 to 2019 were compiled: the temperature trends increase towards the Kamchatka Peninsula, and the mean summer temperature trends increase from 2 to 3°C. Precipitation trends increase from the continent to the coastal zone, with cold season trends changing from 0 to minus 50 mm. As a result, 212 glaciers and 279 rock glaciers were discovered in the Highlands, whereas 112 objects that had previously been recognised were not identified: either there is no glacier, or its area is less than 0.001 km2. The reduction in glacier areas compared to the USSR Glacier Inventory (1960s) varies widely by river basin, from 35 to 74%. The mean present glacier area varies from basin to basin from 0.4 to 0.11 km2. The glaciers are mainly corrie type of the N, NE and NW aspects. The change of average glacier firn line is from several tens of metres to 400–500 m.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of US Floods: Current Status and Forecast Under a Future Warmer Climate

Floods in the US exhibit strong spatiotemporal variability, mainly controlled by precipitation types and catchment attributes. In a future warmer climate, it remains largely unclear how such features change, relative to the current climate. Global Climate Models at coarse resolution cannot resolve convective‐scale storms which is one of the major weather systems causing devastating floods in the US. Alternatively, coupled, high‐resolution and continental‐scale climate and flood simulations can advance our understanding. In this study, we couple a 4‐km convection‐permitting climate simulation model with a 1‐km hydrologic model to simulate the spatiotemporal variability of rainfall and flooding over the contiguous US. In particular, changes in rainfall and flood frequency, spatial scale, and seasonality are explored in major climate divisions. We found: (a) an overall increase in flood frequency (+101.7%) and spatial extent (+44.9%), mainly attributed to more extreme rainfall and variability in the future; (b) weakening rainfall and flood seasonality, resulting in more random and unpredictable events throughout the year; (c) earlier flooding season onsets in the West and snow‐dominated regions while delayed onsets in the East driven by drier antecedent soil moisture; (d) correlation between extreme rainfall and flood onsets is becoming stronger in the West yet weaker in the East in the future. Findings in this study can potentially serve as a basis for future flood exposure and risk assessments, as well as more scientific understanding of changing flood‐generating mechanisms across the CONUS.
Applicability of the LSC technique for determining 210 Pb in liquid samples for purposes of occupational dose assessment via in vitro bioassay

A new approach for the determination of 210Pb by liquid scintillation counting was developed by the LBIOVT. In order to assess the applicability of this technique previously developed for internal monitoring of occupationally exposed workers, some probable scenarios for the intake of 210Pb were elaborated and evaluated in this complementary work. The methodology formerly developed provides detection limit values suitable for detecting activities corresponding to committed effective doses below the recording level of 1 mSv in a variety of scenarios. In a monitoring program for occupational exposed workers the methodology could be used in a biannual monitoring interval both for daily urine or faeces collection, either considering scenarios of 210Pb intake by inhalation or ingestion, and the detection limits would still be able to detect activities corresponding to a committed effective doses below the recording level. It is concluded that the methodology developed is suitable to be used in a monitoring program for occupational exposed workers.
Time Management Disposition Mediates the Influence of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment on Undergraduates’ Procrastination

Objective The present study explores the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and procrastination among college students and the mediating effect of time management disposition. Materials and Methods The present study surveyed 682 college students from two universities with the Children’s Psychological Maltreatment Scale, Aitken Procrastination Questionnaire, and Adolescence Time Management Disposition Scale. Results There are significant positive correlations between childhood psychological maltreatment and undergraduates’ procrastination (r = 0.197, p < 0.01), namely, individuals with more severe childhood psychological maltreatment are more likely to procrastinate. Time management disposition negatively correlates with childhood psychological maltreatment (r = −0.136, p < 0.01) and procrastination (r = −0.573, p < 0.01). The mediating roles of the time management disposition in the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and undergraduates’ procrastination are significant. Conclusion Time management disposition plays a mediating role in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and college students’ procrastination behavior.
ORR_A_359844 207..214

1Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; 2Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; 3Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Division of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; 5Division of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Dr Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
PulseRL: Enabling Ofﬂine Reinforcement Learning for Digital Marketing Systems via Conservative Q-Learning

Digital Marketing Systems (DMS) are the primary point of contact between a digital business and its customers. In this context, the communication channel optimization problem poses a precious and still open challenge for DMS. Due to its interactive nature, Reinforcement Learning (RL) appears as a promising formulation for this problem. However, the standard RL setting learns from interacting with the environment, which is costly and dangerous for production systems. Furthermore, it also fails to learn from historical interactions due to the distributional shift between the collection and learning policies. For this matter, we present PulseRL, an ofﬂine RL-based production system for communication channel optimization built upon the Conservative Q-Learning (CQL) Framework. PulseRL architecture comprises the whole engineering pipeline (data processing, training, deployment, and monitoring), scaling to handle millions of users. Using CQL, PulseRL learns from historical logs, and its learning objective reduces the shift problem by mitigating the overestimation bias from out-of-distribution actions. We conducted experiments in a real-world DMS. Results show that PulseRL surpasses RL baselines with a signiﬁcant margin in the online evaluation. They also validate the theoretical properties of CQL in a complex scenario with high sampling error and non-linear function approximation.
Leadership Style and Personnel Performance: A Literature Review

Submitted: 27 March 2022 Revised: 09 April 2022 Accepted: 18 May 2022 This article mainly discusses the relationship between leadership style and employee performance. Research on the relationship between leadership style and employee performance still shows mixed results. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between leadership style and employee performance by comparing the results of primary research on these two variables. The method used is a conceptual analysis of various previous studies in the last ten years. The results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between leadership style and employee performance, especially in the Indonesian context where social relations take priority in society. This implies that managers must be able to create a favorable leadership style to encourage employee performance improvement, although this is not the only thing that must be considered.
Safe Operation of Autonomous Mobile Robots in Human-shared Industrial Workspaces

—This extended abstract overviews some solutions developed for the safe operation of Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) in human-shared industrial workspaces: a supervised global planner and the adoption of AMRs acting as meta-sensors to detect the human presence, and share the information with other mobile agents or traditional AGVs operating in the plant.
Examination timetabling with genetic algorithms

Timetabling is a scheduling activity which is considered a difficult task. The search space is extremely large and thus, it takes a considerable human time and effort to obtain a feasible solution. There are various techniques that have been used to automate the construction of examination timetables. This research investigates the use of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) in scheduling final examination timetable for the distance-learning unit (Unit Pendidikan Jarak Jauh-UPJJ) in Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). There are two kinds of constraints involved. The first is the hard constraint, which must be fulfilled for the timetable to be feasible. In this case there must be no student clash. The second is the soft constraint, which can be violated but still maintains the feasibility of the solution, ie. there should be no student with three exams in a row. First we develop a GA timetable system using a client-server model. We then run the system with multiple concurrent clients, each with different GAs parameters but with the same number of exam time slots. We found that the system is not only capable of producing several feasible solutions to the user but also produces them in a reasonable amount of time. Finally, we investigate the effect of varying the GAs operators to the obtained feasible solution.
How does gas cool in dark matter haloes?

In order to study the process of cooling in dark matter haloes and assess how well simple models can represent it, we run a set of radiative smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of isolated haloes, with gas sitting initially in hydrostatic equilibrium within Navarro–Frenk– White potential wells. Simulations include radiative cooling and a scheme to convert highdensity cold gas particles into collisionless stars, neglecting any astrophysical source of energy feedback. After having assessed the numerical stability of the simulations, we compare the resulting evolution of the cooled mass with the predictions of the classical cooling model of White & Frenk and of the cooling model proposed in the MORGANA code of galaxy formation. We find that the classical model predicts fractions of cooled mass which, after about 2 central cooling times, are about one order of magnitude smaller than those found in simulations. Although this difference decreases with time, after 8 central cooling times, when simulations are stopped, the difference still amounts to a factor of 2–3. We ascribe this difference to the lack of validity of the assumption that a mass shell takes one cooling time, as computed on the initial conditions, to cool to very low temperature. Indeed, we find from simulations that cooling SPH particles take most time in travelling, at roughly constant temperature and increasing density, from their initial position to a central cooling region, where they quickly cool down to ∼104 K. We show that in this case the total cooling time is shorter than that computed on the initial conditions, as a consequence of the stronger radiative losses associated to the higher density experienced by these particles. As a consequence the mass cooling flow is stronger than that predicted by the classical model. The MORGANA model, which computes the cooling rate as an integral over the contribution of cooling shells and does not make assumptions on the time needed by shells to reach very low temperature, better agrees with the cooled mass fraction found in the simulations, especially at early times, when the density profile of the cooling gas is shallow. With the addition of the simple assumption that the increase in the radius of the cooling region is counteracted by a shrinking at the sound speed, the MORGANA model is also able to reproduce for all simulations the evolution of the cooled mass fraction to within 20–50 per cent, thereby providing a substantial improvement with respect to the classical model. Finally, we provide a very simple fitting function which accurately reproduces the cooling flow for the first ∼10 central cooling times.
NDT_A_290237 1989..2002

1Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hospital Infection Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Emergency, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Emergency, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
DNA Double Strand Breaks in Switch Deficiency Occurs Prior to the Generation of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Recombination Caused by The Block in Immunoglobulin Class Switch

Afﬁnity maturation of the Ab repertoire in germinal centers leads to the selection of high afﬁnity Abs with selected heavy chain constant regions. Ab maturation involves two modiﬁcations of the Ig genes, i.e., somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. The mechanisms of these two processes are not fully understood. As shown by the somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination-deﬁcient phenotype of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-deﬁcient patients (hyperIgM type 2 syndrome) and mice, both processes require the AID molecule. Somatic DNA modiﬁcations require DNA breaks, which, at least for class switch recombination, lead to dsDNA breaks. By using a ligation-mediated PCR, it was found that class switch recom-bination-induced dsDNA breaks in S (cid:1) switch regions were less frequent in AID-deﬁcient B cells than in AID-proﬁcient B cells, thus indicating that AID acts upstream of DNA break induction. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 171: 2504–2509. a secondary Ab repertoire, which consists the diverse, Abs, within germinal secondary lymphoid or-gans and somatic hypermutation 3
Spiking Neural Networks, Perspective

Spiking neural networks are an offshoot of neural computation reasearch. In the recent years, however, we have witnessed a growing interest and shift of the emphasis in the arti-ﬁcial neural network community toward pulse-coupled neural networks with spike-timing as they can encode temporal information in their signals. This paper gives a brief overview of different spiking neuron models and we discuss their ability to operate in large complex networks as well as their evolvability.
Selection approaches to the variation of responses to soil compaction stress among maize hybrids (<fi>Zea</fi> <fi>mays</fi> L.)

Global climate changes and degradation of agricultural areas are important events progressing worldwide in natural environments (Ashraf, 2010; Atkinson et al., 2019; Batey, 2009; Hanson & Nelson, 1985; Levitt, 1980; Masle, 2002). Environmental stresses, such as soil compaction, have already impacted human communities and could be even more significant in the future. Different levels of soil compaction occur as a result of natural soil processes and due to common use or overuse of heavy machinery in soil cultivation, which affects soil structure, strength, bulk density, porosity, aeration and water infiltration capacity. About 70 million ha of agricultural lands are degraded by soil compaction. The soil compaction affects tissue water status, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll content, Calvin cycle enzymes, mesophyll conductance for CO2, carbohydrate metabolism, or transport and distribution of assimilation products (Else Received: 23 November 2020 | Revised: 15 February 2021 | Accepted: 26 February 2021 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12491