Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CRYPTOCURRENCIES IN THE NEW ECONOMY An ı BULUT

Developments in internet-based payment platforms employing the blockchain technology known as “cryptocurrencies” contributed their integration in the official payment systems. Because of the growing interest in cryptocurrencies, it is necessary to review existing cryptocurrency research literature and determine areas for future studies. This study gives an up to date summary of accessible literature on cryptocurrencies according to their subject of issues, theories, methods, and findings and provides direction for future research. A systematic literature review was carried out to examine accessible academic and reliable publications between 2010 and 2018. Based on results research limitations for individual, organizational, ecosystemic and discourse approaches are identified and the study concluded that there are still insufficient and uncovered issues related to the cryptocurrencies notably from a legal and regulatory point of view.
UDC : 519 . 622 , 004 . 021 , 004 . 942 2 D microscopic and macroscopic simulation of water and porous material interaction

In various areas of science, technology, environment protection, construction, it is very important to study processes of porous materials interaction with different substances in different aggregation states. From the point of view of ecology and environmental protection it is particularly actual to investigate processes of porous materials interaction with water in liquid and gaseous phases. Since one mole of water contains 6.022140857 · 1023 molecules of H2O, macroscopic approaches considering the water vapor as continuum media in the framework of classical aerodynamics are mainly used to describe properties, for example properties of water vapor in the pore. In this paper we construct and use for simulation the macroscopic two-dimensional diffusion model [Bitsadze, Kalinichenko, 1980] describing the behavior of water vapor inside the isolated pore. Together with the macroscopic model it is proposed microscopic model of the behavior of water vapor inside the isolated pores. This microscopic model is built within the molecular dynamics approach [Gould et al., 2005]. In the microscopic model a description of each water molecule motion is based on Newton classical mechanics considering interactions with other molecules and pore walls. Time evolution of “water vapor – pore” system is explored. Depending on the external to the pore conditions the system evolves to various states of equilibrium, characterized by different values of the macroscopic characteristics such as temperature, density, pressure. Comparisons of results of molecular dynamic simulations with the results of calculations based on the macroscopic diffusion model and experimental data allow to conclude that the combination of macroscopic and microscopic approach could produce more adequate and more accurate description of processes of water vapor interaction with porous materials.
Klasifikasi Sinyal EEG Menggunakan Deep Neural Network EEG Signal Classification using Deep Neural Network

Emotion is the outpouring of feeling in someone who is affected by the mood and the circumstances surrounding. In fact, because of it also can causes misunderstandings. There are people can’t easily convey emotions. For people in distress in conveying emotion, the people would need an intermediary. One way is by reading brain activity signals or commonly called the electroencephalograph (EEG). In this final project, the emotion classification process comprising the step of preprocessing, training, and testing. Preprocessing performed using Discrete Wavelet Transform. Thereafter, the method used Deep Neural Network to process the EEG signals to be classified. Deep Neural Network method produces low performance. Good data can optimize performance system. The best performance was obtained in experiments with learning rate of 0.01 and with a constant parameter epoch of 100, epoch2 at 10, and using sigmoid bipolar activation function with fscore 0.2051.
2 Foreign Aid in the Shape of Unconditional Income Transfers

After the September 11 disaster the U.S. rediscovered an old international policy to raise the provision of an international public good: foreign aid as a means to raise global security. However, foreign aid may also help to overcome other international problems. In this paper, we analyze the effect foreign aid on international climate policy. We take account of cost differentials among countries in producing the public good, ancillary benefits of climate policy and alternative technologies independently generating ancillary benefits. We elaborate incentives to provide foreign aid and highlight a new aspect influencing the effects of foreign aid on global public good provision: cost differentials among countries in independently generating ancillary effects of global public goods.
Dynamic multi-user and multi-scale traffic equilibrium model for urban networks

One important issue with regard to the planning process of most urban transport systems is the capability of forecasting the traffic flow conditions that are expected to happen on the corresponding urban network in a future time horizon. In the case of private cars, when the objective is to study strategic transport plans, the most utilized tool by planners is to carry out the traffic flow equilibrium, based on the equivalent optimization problem that allow finding the static equilibrium of the private traffic assignment problem on large-scale urban networks (macroscopic approach). In such a problem, the decision variables are the aggregated flows of vehicles on each link within the modeled network. Moreover, each link is characterized by a traffic-flow delay performance function, which normally depends on the flow on such a specific link. Total travel time along each route (connecting an origin-destination pair) is computed as the summation of the travel time of each link in the route.
in The Tropics ( 2015 ) 11 ( 1 ) : 1-8 Characteristics of Struvite Precipitate from Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a residual liquid waste obtained after extraction of oil from the fruits of oil palm is considered one of the main source of contamination of watercourse in Malaysia. POME contained significant amount of nutrients, organic matter and total suspended solids. Recovery of nutrients from POME would be beneficial for agricultural purposes. In this study, to recover nutrient from POME, a lab-scale study was performed to investigate the efficiency of struvite precipitation method. Struvite precipitation was conducted on raw POME using MgCl2.6H2O + Na2HPO4.12H2O at pH 8. At the end of the test, the water content, mineral and chemical compositions of the precipitate obtained were investigated. In addition, the fertility of the precipitate was evaluated by a set of pot trial tests using Scindapsus Aureus. Test results indicated that, after precipitation test, 92.2% ammonium nitrogen and 100% phosphorus were recovered. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescent (XRF) analyses indicated that, after purification, the precipitate is similar to that of struvite. The purified precipitate extracted in this study was found to have a water content of 2799%. Based on the fertility tests, it was found out that the growth of Scindapsus Aureus using struvite precipitate obtained from this study was greater compared to the growth using commercially available fertilizer.
Chapter 6 INJECTABLE HYDROGELS FOR BIOMEDICAL FORMULATIONS

Regenerative medicine, a new paradigm stemming from technologies such as tissue engineering and the controlled release of therapeutic molecules, is revolutionizing the clinical practices. The sophisticated smart materials used in these biomedical applications must meet strict criteria, namely convenient mechanical properties and degradation rate, biocompatibility, porosity and interconnectivity, functional properties related to the interaction with cells and the release of pharmaceuticals, etc. This review will focus on injectable hydrogels, whose great interest in the clinical perspective is, to a large extent, due to the minimal invasive manner through which they can be implanted in the human body. The injectable hydrogels share the same general advantages as those of the hydrogels, with the additional benefit of being able to fill irregular shaped defects doing so in a minimal invasive manner. The materials and the challenging requirements for the design of injectable hydrogels and their applications in the biomedical field will be addressed.
Technology Innovation as a Strategic Management Practice and Determinant of Performance of Tea Industry in Mount Kenya Region

In Kenya, Tea industry has not been competitive. As a result, the earnings have not been commensurate with tea production efforts that have often attracted the wrath of farmers to the extent of tea picking boycotts, uprooting of tea bushes, destruction of factory property and even threatening the lives of tea industry managers. This phenomenon is attributed partly to the fact that the small-scale producers market their tea in bulk; semi-processed products and therefore fails to attract premium prices for their produce. As result, strategic interventions are required for the tea industry to remain competitive. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of technology innovation as a strategic management practice and determinant of performance of tea industry in Mount Kenya region. Technology Acceptance model and Industrial Market Theory guided the study. Mixed methods research design was used. The target population was 117 management team comprised of five regional management team ; regional accountant, operations manager, production manager, auditor, and 112 top management in 16 factories who include, 16 manager 16 production managers 32 accountants 32 training managers and 16 field coordinators sixteen factories that lie in Mount Kenya region. Stratified, simple random sampling was used to select 92 respondents out of 112 based on Krecjie and Morgan Table. Purposive sampling was used to select five regional managers. Data was collected using questionnaires. Reliability was examined using pilot study and internal consistency test. Regression analysis indicated that value addition strategy have a strong positive relationship with financial performance of the tea industry In Mount Kenya region. Regression results also established that technological innovation and strategy implementation have a strong positive relationship with financial performance of the tea industry in Mount Kenya region. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that strategic management practices influence performance of tea industry in Mt Kenya region in Kenya positively. The adoption of strategic management practices has a high potential of improving tea industry performance and thus better prices to the farmers. The study concluded that tea factories should provide incentives for research and development on adoption of newest Technology in the market to support cost reduction and improve quality. Professionals in the tea industry should spend more time, effort and resources towards innovations Keywords: Strategic Management, Technology Innovation, Performance & Mt. Kenya Region.
Improvement of Physical Basis of Conceptual model , LASCAM , with Explicit Inclusion of Within Catchment Heterogeneity of Landscape Attributes

The main drawback of conceptual hydrological models is the number of parameters that need to be estimated by calibration. Application of such models to predict ungauged catchments is not feasible without substantial improvements to the modelling framework. In this paper, we present the results of improvements to the LASCAM model (a large-scale conceptual catchment model of streamflow, salinity, sediments and nutrients), which are realised by a step-by-step approach based on the explicit inclusion of subcatchment variability of landscape attributes, especially topography and soil depths. The description of the soil hydrology of the surface soil layer follows a VIC-type approach based on measurable soil depths. Due to the importance of the unsaturated zone delay, the description of the unsaturated zone has also been improved. Finally a conceptual physical description of the deeper groundwater system has been implemented. The paper presents the results of the application of the revised model to a first order catchment within Collie catchment (Western Australia) and assesses the exportability of the set of parameters thus obtained to the whole Collie catchment.
Evaluation of physical fatigue based on motion analysis in manual handling of loads

Muscle fatigue refers to the transient decrease in the capacity to perform physical actions and can cause productivity loss, human errors, unsafe actions, injuries and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). A total of 13 participants repetitively lifted a 2.5 kg load at a total elevation of 0.5 m, until voluntary exhaustion or intensive pain. Several indicators of muscle fatigue were found, including increased forward bending, micro-expressions, changing load support strategy, holding load closer to the chest during elevation and increase in eccentric movement speed. Volunteers that practiced sports regularly lasted longer in the experiment and it was found that smoking and sedentarism limited the exercise capacity of some subjects. Volunteers increased the wrists and elbows velocity during the experiment. It was verified that half of the volunteers had less fluid movement during lifting, with higher acceleration values in some parts and lower values in others, translating into more impulsive movements. It was concluded that to compensate muscle fatigue, people adapt their working strategy, changing movement patterns, recruiting different muscles and changing kinetic or kinematic components of the movement (like joint angles and velocities).
Extremal Trees with Respect to Some Versions of Zagreb Indices Via

Throughout this article, only finite, undirected and simple graphs without loops and multiple edges are considered. Let G be such a graph and V(G) and E(G) be its vertex and edge set, respectively. The degree of a vertex v in G is the number of edges assigned to it, denoted by ( ). The number of vertices of degree i will be denoted by or (G). Evidently, ∑ ) = | ( )|, where ∆ ( ) is the maximum degree of G. Assume that V(G) = { , . , } and ≥ , for = 1, . , − 1, where ≔ ( ). Then D(G) = ( , , . , ) is called the degree sequence of G. If the emphasis is on G, sometimes ( ( )) is applied instead of . For an edge uv of E(G), the G – uv defines the subgraph of G obtained by deleting uv. In a similar manner, for any two nonadjacent vertices x and y of G, G + xy is a graph obtained from G by adding the edge xy. A pendant vertex is a vertex with degree one and a tree is a connected acyclic graph. A star of order n, denoted by , is the tree with n−1 pendant vertices and the path is the tree of order n with exactly two pendant vertices. The symbol τ (n) represents the class of trees with n vertices.
High Exploratory Phenotype Rats Exposed to Environmental Stressors Present Memory Deficits Accompanied by Immune-Inflammatory/Oxidative Alterations: Relevance to the Relationship Between Temperament and Mood Disorders

Low-exploratory (LE) and high-exploratory (HE) rodents mimic human depressive and hyperthymic temperaments, respectively. Mood disorders (MD) may be developed by the exposure of these temperaments to environmental stress (ES). Psychiatric symptoms severity in MD patients is related to the magnitude of memory impairment. Thus, we aimed at studying the consequences of the exposure of LE and HE male Wistar rats, during periadolescence, to a combination of ES, namely, paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and unpredictable stress (US), on anxiety-related behavior in the plus maze test, working (WM) and declarative memory (DM) performance. We also evaluated hippocampal immune-inflammatory/oxidative, as consequences of ES, and prevention of ES-induced alterations by the mood-stabilizing drugs, lithium and valproate. Medium exploratory (ME) control rats were used for comparisons with HE- and LE-control rats. We observed that HE-controls presented increased anxiolytic behavior that was significantly increased by ES exposure, whereas LE-controls presented increased anxiety-like behavior relative to ME-controls. Lithium and valproate prevented anxiolytic alterations in HE+ES rats. HE+ES- and LE+ES-rats presented WM and DM deficits. Valproate and lithium prevented WM deficits in LE-PSD+US rats. Lithium prevented DM impairment in HE+ES-rats. Hippocampal levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) increased four-fold in HE+ES-rats, being prevented by valproate and lithium. All groups of LE+ES-rats presented increased levels of GSH in relation to controls. Increments in lipid peroxidation in LE+ES- and HE+ES-rats were prevented by valproate in HE+ES-rats and by both drugs in LE+ES-rats. Nitrite levels were increased in HE+ES- and LE+ES-rats (five-fold increase), which was prevented by both drugs in LE+ES-rats. HE+ES-rats presented a two-fold increase in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression that was prevented by lithium. HE+ES-rats showed increased hippocampal and plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-4. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) was increased in HE+ES- and LE+ES-rats, while tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) was increased only in HE+ES-rats. Altogether, our results showed that LE- and HE-rats exposed to ES present distinct anxiety-related behavior and similar memory deficits. Furthermore, HE+ES-rats presented more brain and plasma inflammatory alterations that were partially prevented by the mood-stabilizing drugs. These alterations in HE+ES-rats may possibly be related to the development of mood symptoms.
Transcription Factor IRF4 Dysfunction Affects the Immunosuppressive Function of Treg Cells in Patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia

Background Th17/Treg balance skews towards Th17 in ITP patient. IRF4 has been highlighted for its close relationship to the immunosuppressive function of Treg cells and the IL-17 synthesis in CD4+ T cells. This study was aimed at examining the effects of IRF4 to the Th17/Treg cells in patients with ITP. Methods Treg and Teff cells were isolated from PBMCs of newly diagnosed ITP patients. The percentages of CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+Treg cells and the CD3+CD4+IL-17+Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. After being cultured, the supernatants of Tregs were collected for IL-10 concentration test. The IRF4 levels of Tregs were measured. Teffs were cultured alone or with Tregs for 24 hours. Then the supernatants were collected for IL-17 concentration test. The binding intensity of IRF4 to the gene IL-10 in Treg cells was detected by ChIP-qPCR. Metabolic assays for Teffs and Tregs were performed with Agilent Seahorse XF96 Analyzer. Results The secretion of IL-10 by Tregs was decreased in ITP patients. The intensity of IRF4 binding to IL-10 DNA of Tregs in patients was higher than that of normal controls and Teffs in ITP patients. The expressions of IRF4 of Tregs in ITP patients were remarkably lower than that of healthy controls. The percentage of Th17 cells in healthy controls was significantly increased after IRF4 mRNA silencing. Abnormal metabolism of Treg and Teff cells was found in ITP patients. Conclusion The skewed ratio of Th17/Treg cells and dysfunction of Treg cells in newly diagnosed ITP patients was at least partly caused by IRF4 dysfunction. The underlying mechanism might be the impact of IRF4 on the metabolism of Treg and Teff cells.
Improved genetic algorithms with fuzzy logic controlled crossover and mutation

Genetic operators such as crossover and mutation have significant impact on the performance of a genetic algorithm. In this paper, two fuzzy controllers have been designed to adaptively adjust the crossover probability and mutation rate during the optimization process based on some heuristics. The implementation of fuzzy crossover and mutation controllers have been described in detail. As an example, environmental constrained economic dispatch problem has been used to demonstrate the performances of the proposed fuzzy controlled genetic algorithms. The results are very encouraging.
Characterization and functional analyses of novel chicken leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B members 4 and 5

The inhibitory leukocyte immuno-globulin-like receptors (LILRBs) play an important role in innate immunity. Currently, no data exist regarding the role of LILRB4 and LILRB5 in the activation of immune signaling pathways in mammalian and avian species. Here, we report for the first time, the cloning and structural and functional analyses of chicken LILRB4–5 genes identified from 2 genetically disparate chicken lines. Comparison of LILRB4–5 amino acid sequences from lines 6.3 and 7.2 with those of mammalian proteins revealed 17 to 62% and 19 to 29% similarity, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the chicken LILRB4–5 genes were closely associated with those of other species. LILRB4–5 could be subdivided into 2 groups having distinct immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, which bind to Src homology 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2). Importantly, LILRB4–5 also upregulated the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and β2-microglobulin gene expression as well as the expression of transporter associated with antigen processing 1–2, which play an important role in MHC class I activation. Our results indicate that LILRB4–5 are transcriptional regulators of the MHC class I pathway components and regulate innate immune responses. Furthermore, LILRB4–5 could activate the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway genes in macrophages and induce the expression of chemokines and T helper (Th)1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines. Our data suggest that LILRB4–5 are innate immune receptors associated with SHP-2, MHC class I, and β2-microglobulin. Additionally, they activate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and control the expression of cytokines in macrophages.
Image Matters: Detecting Offensive and Non-Compliant Content / Logo in Product Images

In e-commerce, product content, especially product images have a significant influence on a customer's journey from product discovery to evaluation and finally, purchase decision. Since many e-commerce retailers sell items from other third-party marketplace sellers besides their own, the content published by both internal and external content creators needs to be monitored and enriched, wherever possible. Despite guidelines and warnings, product listings that contain offensive and non-compliant images continue to enter catalogs. Offensive and non-compliant content can include a wide range of objects, logos, and banners conveying violent, sexually explicit, racist, or promotional messages. Such images can severely damage the customer experience, lead to legal issues, and erode the company brand. In this paper, we present a machine learning driven offensive and non-compliant image detection system for extremely large e-commerce catalogs. This system proactively detects and removes such content before they are published to the customer-facing website. This paper delves into the unique challenges of applying machine learning to real-world data from retail domain with hundreds of millions of product images. We demonstrate how we resolve the issue of non-compliant content that appears across tens of thousands of product categories. We also describe how we deal with the sheer variety in which each single non-compliant scenario appears. This paper showcases a number of practical yet unique approaches such as representative training data creation that are critical to solve an extremely rarely occurring problem. In summary, our system combines state-of-the-art image classification and object detection techniques, and fine tunes them with internal data to develop a solution customized for a massive, diverse, and constantly evolving product catalog.