Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lesions of the Distal Phalanx: Imaging Overview

Lesions of the distal phalanx often pose a radiological dilemma as the differential diagnosis is potentially broad. Particularly for lytic lesions, there is a concern whether an underlying primary tumor or a metastatic deposit is present. Bone tumors of the hand are infrequent when compared to soft tissue tumors, and those involving the distal phalanx are very rare. Lesions of the distal phalanx may arise secondary to benign or malignant pathologies and may reflect primary or secondary tumors. The most common benign lesion is an enchondroma while the most frequent primary malignant lesion is chondrosarcoma. Inflammatory, metabolic, autoimmune, and traumatic pathologies may also present with a wide spectrum of radiological changes involving the distal phalanx. It is these tumor-like mimics which can further complicate diagnosis. We hope to highlight distinguishing features between these entities, allowing the radiologist to generate a clinically useful differential diagnosis. Even though most lesions are benign, it is crucial to differentiate them as some may be the first presentation of more a systemic condition.
Sex-discordant monochorionic dizygotic twins: a case report

Monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancy is generally associated with monozygosity (MZ) resulting from the division of a single embryo, while dizygotic (DZ) twins result from the fertilisation of two oocytes by two spermatozoa. Therefore, MZ twins are expected to be genetically and phenotypically identical (Hall 2003). Despite this belief that all MC pregnancies are MZ, in recent years several reports of sex-discordant MC twins have revealed that DZ twins can also share a chorion (Chen et al. 2013; Lee et al. 2014; Rodriguez-Buritica et al. 2015; Mayeur Le Bras et al. 2016).
O|R|P|E - A Data Semantics Driven Concurrency Control

This paper presents a concurrency control mechanism that does not follow a 'one concurrency control mechanism fits all needs' strategy. With the presented mechanism a transaction runs under several concurrency control mechanisms and the appropriate one is chosen based on the accessed data. For this purpose, the data is divided into four classes based on its access type and usage (semantics). Class $O$ (the optimistic class) implements a first-committer-wins strategy, class $R$ (the reconciliation class) implements a first-n-committers-win strategy, class $P$ (the pessimistic class) implements a first-reader-wins strategy, and class $E$ (the escrow class) implements a first-n-readers-win strategy. Accordingly, the model is called \PeFS. The selected concurrency control mechanism may be automatically adapted at run-time according to the current load or a known usage profile. This run-time adaptation allows \Pe to balance the commit rate and the response time even under changing conditions. \Pe outperforms the Snapshot Isolation concurrency control in terms of response time by a factor of approximately 4.5 under heavy transactional load (4000 concurrent transactions). As consequence, the degree of concurrency is 3.2 times higher.
A Novel Link Prediction Algorithm Based on Deepwalk and Clustering Method

Link prediction has attracted more and more attention due to its wide application in social network analysis, bioinformatics, and personalized recommendation. One of the methods for judging whether two nodes have connections in the network is to calculate the similarity. This method not only has low computational complexity, but also can achieve better prediction results, and it’s more suitable for large-scale networks. There are many similarity indexes proposed until now, but most of them only consider degree of the node and its common neighbors. With the proposal of Deepwalk, many people applied it to link prediction. However,the method of judging the similarity between two nodes simply by their distance is also one-sided. In this paper, we propose a new similarity index, called Deep Affinity (DA) index, through combining the traditional similarity index with the distance index obtained by Deepwalk and introducing the idea of clustering at the same time. After conducting experiments on different network datasets, the results show that DA-based link prediction algorithm has greatly improved the prediction accuracy, especially for large-scale network datasets.
Efficient Head Pose Determination and Its Application to Face Recognition on Multi-Pose Face DB

Face recognition is a well-known approach for identity recognition. Variation in head pose is a main factor that interferes with face recognition systems. This paper proposes an efficient head pose determination method and its application to face recognition on a multi-pose face DB in order to solve the pose variation-related problem. The first step is to detect a facial region using Adaboost. Next, after undergoing preprocessing on the detected face, a mask is placed to cover it. At the detected facial region, the pose is determined by relations of the position of the centroid points of the eyes and lip regions detected by using ellipse-fitting method. Finally, face recognition is conducted by applying template matching between a set of facial images in multi-pose face DB pertinent to the determined head pose and the input face image. In experiments, the proposed approach outperformed the conventional PCA-based face recognition approach depending on a single-pose face DB.
Automated Theorem Proving with Extensions of First-Order Logic

Automated theorem provers are computer programs that check whether a logical conjecture follows from a set of logical statements. The conjecture and the statements are expressed in the language of some formal logic, such as first-order logic. Theorem provers for first-order logic have been used for automation in proof assistants, verification of programs, static analysis of networks, and other purposes. However, the efficient usage of these provers remains challenging. One of the challenges is the complexity of translating domain problems to first-order logic. Not only can such translation be cumbersome due to semantic differences between the domain and the logic, but it might inadvertently result in problems that provers cannot easily handle. The work presented in the thesis addresses this challenge by developing an extension of first-order logic named FOOL. FOOL contains syntactical features of programming languages and more expressive logics, is friendly for translation of problems from various domains, and can be efficiently supported by existing theorem provers. We describe the syntax and semantics of FOOL and present a simple translation from FOOL to plain first-order logic. We describe an efficient clausal normal form transformation algorithm for FOOL and based on it implement a support for FOOL in the Vampire theorem prover. We illustrate the efficient use of FOOL for program verification by describing a concise encoding of next state relations of imperative programs in FOOL. We show a usage of features of FOOL in problems of static analysis of networks. We demonstrate the efficiency of automated theorem proving in FOOL with an extensive set of experiments. In these experiments we compare the performance of Vampire on a large collection of problems from various sources translated to FOOL and ordinary first-order logic. Finally, we fix the syntax for FOOL in TPTP, the standard language of first-order theorem provers.
Positive Airway Pressure for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Systematic Evaluation Versus Clinical and Technological Drift

The practice of s leep medicine is expanding and evolving rapidly, often ahead of the evidence base to support clinical practice. Obstructive S leep Disordered Breathing (SOB) is a condition characterised by repetitive airway collapse causing harmful intermittent blood oxygen desaturations and fragmented s leep. When combined with daytime sleepiness it is known as Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) . Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CP AP) eliminates SOB by pneumatically splinting open the airway with positive air pressure appl ied through the nose andlor mouth. CPAP effectively reduces daytime sleepiness in patients with severe OSAS. However, doubt remains as to the effectiveness of CP AP in the majority of patients with mild-moderate OSAS. The effects of CP AP were compared to a placebo CP AP during a three week crossover Randomised Controlled Trial ( RCI) that included 31 mild-moderate OSAS patients. C PAP effectively eliminated SOB (when worn) and moderately improved subjective s leepiness. But, it did not improve objective wakeful ness, mood, psychomotor function, or quality of life. Patients who were extremely sleepy at baseline tended to gain the most placebo adjusted benefit from treatment. A systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to gather and objectively combine all relevant RCT studies to find our whether CP AP reduced sleepiness in patients with mild-moderate OSAS. Seven trials were combined and showed that both subjective sleepiness and objective wakefulness were slightly improved by CPAP therapy .
Example Based Light Sources Generation Method for 3D Scenes

Lighting design is very important to improve rendering quality for some 3D scenes that are used in the VR applications with night simulation. Determining the properties of the light sources requires a large amount of artwork, especially when the number of lights is large. Most virtual scenes always have some geometric objects with similar structures and shapes. Based on this observation, this paper proposes an example based light source generation method by using local geometric similarity. An example model decorated with light source and a target model are input to this method. First this paper segments both model into parts with SDF segmentation algorithm, and find matched parts between the example model to the target. Then two methods are applied to transfer the light sources decorated on the parts of the example model to the corresponding parts of the target model. Minimum spanning tree based light transfer method is used to generated light sources for target parts with the same pattern as lights layout on its corresponding parts from the example model. While texture synthesis based method tiles the light texture generated from the example parts on the surface of the target parts. At last, the position and colors of the light sources are refined. The results demonstrated that this method can quickly and effectively edit light sources for large-scale scenes, reduce the amount of art work and achieve good visual effects.
Medicolegal responsibilities for the administration of intravenous contrast media by radiographers: Radiologists’ perspectives

Background. Global trends in the delivery of healthcare services have placed tremendous strain on resources, among them human and capital. With this has emerged the need to revisit the job requirements and/or scope of practice of cadres within a profession, to ensure adequate training where needed. The administration of intravenous contrast media (IVCM), a fundamental element of expertise within the radiology field, is an example of such evolution in South Africa (SA). Currently falling within radiologists’ scope of practice, it has become necessary for radiographers to extend their own scope to include this skill, owing to the national shortage of radiologists and subsequent service delivery constraints, as well as the need to close the gap with international trends. Objective. To provide a synopsis of the perspectives of radiologists on the medicolegal responsibilities related to the administration of IVCM by radiographers. Methods. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research design was conducted, targeting qualified radiologists in KwaZulu-Natal Province (KZN). An online questionnaire was administered through SurveyMonkey that provided information on the medicolegal responsibilities associated with the administration of IVCM. Results. Of a total of 97 qualified radiologists in KZN, a response rate of 48.5% ( n =47) was obtained. The majority of respondents felt that radiographers should be responsible for obtaining informed patient consent (66.0%), and deciding on the site of IVCM administration (72.3%). It was also felt that the radiologists should remain responsible for decisions regarding the type and dose of IVCM (87.2%) and managing the possible complications and adverse reactions due to the administration of IVCM (78.7%). Conclusion. Evidence-based research provides a contextualised approach towards addressing transformation in service delivery and training needs. This study, in demonstrating the importance of appropriate medicolegal responsibilities in the extension of a professional role, forms a basis for informing the future training of radiographers in SA.
A 0.7 V, Ultra-Wideband Common Gate LNA with Feedback Body Bias Topology for Wireless Applications

An ultra-wideband (UWB) low noise amplifier (LNA) for 3.3–13.0 GHz wireless applications using 90 nm CMOS is proposed in this paper. The proposed LNA uses an improved common-gate (CG) topology utilizing feedback body biasing (FBB), which improves noise figure (NF) by a considerable amount. Parallel-series tuned LC network was used between the common-gate first stage and the cascoded common-source (CS) stage to achieve the maximum signal flow from CG to CS stage. Improved CS topology with a series inductor at the drain terminal in the second stage connected and cascoded CS third stage provides high power gain (S21) and bandwidth enhancement throughout the complete UWB. A common-drain buffer stage at the output provides high output reflection coefficient (S22). It achieves an average power gain (S21) of 14.7 ± 0.5 dB with a noise figure (NF) of 3.0–3.7 dB. It has an input reflection coefficient (S11) less than −11.7 dB for 3.3–13.0 GHz frequency and output reflection coefficient (S22) of less than −10.6 dB with a very high reversion isolation (S12) of less than −72.4 dB. It consumes only 5.2 mW from a 0.7 V power supply.
ERP responses to images of abstract artworks, photographs of natural scenes, and artificially created uncomfortable images

ABSTRACT The idea of efficient coding in the visual brain allows for predictions for the processing of various types of images, including certain artworks, natural images and uncomfortable images. Efficient processing is thought to result in lower responses compared to less efficient processing. The efficiency of the processing is suggested to depend on the architecture of the visual system and the properties of the input image. In this study, neural responses were estimated using EEG across the categories of a set of five images of abstract artworks, a set of five photographs of natural images and a set of five computer-generated uncomfortable images. EEG responses to contrast-matched images were found to be lower for the set of five abstract artworks used in the study compared to the set of photographs of natural images, lending preliminary support for the idea that certain abstract artworks, for example the work of Pollock, may be processed efficiently.
Signal processing methods for heart rate variability

Heart rate variability (HRV), the changes in the beat-to-beat heart rate calculated from the electrocardiogram (ECG), is a key indicator of an individual's cardiovascular condition. Assessment of HRV has been shown to aid clinical diagnosis and intervention strategies. However, the variety of HRV estimation methods and contradictory reports in this field indicate that there is a need for a more rigorous investigation of these methods as aids to clinical evaluation. This thesis investigates the development of appropriate HRV signal processing techniques in the context of pilot studies in two fields of potential application, sleep and head-up tilting (HUT). A novel method for characterising normality in the ECG using both timing information and morphological characteristics is presented. A neural network, used to learn the beat-to-beat variations in ECG waveform morphology, is shown to provide a highly sensitive technique for identifying normal beats. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based frequency-domain HRV techniques, which require re-sampling of the inherently unevenly sampled heart beat time-series (RR tachogram) to produce an evenly sampled time series, are then explored using a new method for producing an artificial RR tachogram. Re-sampling is shown to produce a significant error in the estimation of an (entirely specified) artificial RR tachogram. The Lomb periodogram, a method which requires no re-sampling and is applicable to the unevenly sampled nature of the signal is investigated. Experiments demonstrate that the Lomb periodogram is superior to the FFT for evaluating HRV measured by the LF/HF-ratio, a ratio of the low to high frequency power in the RR tachogram within a specified band (0.04-0.4 Hz). The effect of adding artificial ectopic beats in the RR tachogram is then considered and it is shown that ectopic beats significantly alter the spectrum and therefore must be removed or replaced. Replacing ectopic beats by phantom beats is compared to the case of ectopic-realted RR interval removal for the FFT and Lomb methods for varying levels of ectopy. The Lomb periodogram is shown to provide a signficantly better estimate of the LF/HF- ratio under these conditions and is a robust method for measuring the LF/HF-ratio in the presence of (a possibly unknown number of) ectpoic beats or artefacts. The Lomb peridogram and FFT-based techniques are applied to a database of sleep apnoeic and normal subjects. A new method of assessing HRV during sleep is proposed to minimise the confounding effects on HRV of changes due to changing mental activity. Estimation of LF/HF-ratio using the Lomb technique is shown to separate these two patient groups more effectively than with FFT-based techniques. Results are also presented for the application of these methods to controlled (HUT) studies on subjects with syncope, an autonomic nervous system problem, which indicate that the techniques developed in this thesis may provide a method for differentiating between sub-classes of syncope.
Multi-objective mobile robot path planning problem through learnable evolution model

ABSTRACT A new multi-objective non-Darwinian-type evolutionary computation approach based on learnable evolution model (LEM) is proposed for solving the robot path planning problem. The multi-objective property of this approach is governed by a robust strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) incorporated in the LEM algorithm presented here. Learnable evolution model includes a machine learning method, like the decision trees, that can detect the right directions of the evolution and leads to large improvements in the fitness of the individuals. Several new refiner operators are proposed to improve the objectives of the individuals in the evolutionary process. These objectives are: the path length, the path safety and the path smoothness. A modified integer coding path representation scheme is proposed where the edge-fixing and top-row fixing procedures are performed implicitly. This proposed robot path planning problem solving approach is assessed on eight realistic scenarios in order to verify the performance thereof. Computer simulations reveal that this proposed approach exhibits much higher hypervolume and set coverage in comparison with other similar approaches. The experimental results confirm that the proposed approach performs in the workspaces with a dense set of obstacles in a significant manner.
RealAge: Are You as Young as You Can Be?

■ 意義 NewYork Times のベストセラーとして,高く評 価された本著書は,Dr. Roizen らのチームが ùü,÷÷÷ もの医学研究論文を分析して,心身の老化 現象に対する対応法についてまとめた書籍である. 彼はChicago 大学の老年医学および予防医学の権 威としてBest Doctors in Americaに指名されてい る. テーマは「リアルエイジ―あなたの実年齢はい くつですか―心身ともに若々しく生きられています か」である. リハビリテーション医学の立場からみ ても重要なテーマである. 日本の社会では超高齢 化へと加速する現在,医学界においては生活習慣 病対策,さらに,ロコモティブ・シンドローム,フレ イル,サルコペニアなどへの対策が叫ばれている. 本著書はまさに健康増進のための動機づけととも に,いわゆる “老年症候群対策” についての豊富な 情報と示唆を提供する名著といえるだろう.
Numerical Simulation of Solid Phase Adsorption Models Using Time-Integrated, Up-Winded Finite Element Strategies

The effectiveness of bio-pharmaceuticals for the treatment of a wide range of diseases has led to increased research to improve bio-separations processes, including the use of high-capacity ion-exchange membranes. In this paper, we develop and analyze a numerical scheme for approximating solutions to mathematical models associated with advection-dominated, solid phase adsorption processes. The scheme utilizes streamline-up-winded continuous Galerkin finite elements to discretize the transport equation. Temporal integration is used to handle the nonlinear adsorption term. We show solvability of the up-winded discrete scheme and provide numerical verification of expected convergence rates. We compare numerical results with experimental data and demonstrate the effects of a variety of flow profiles on the model results. We also show up-winding is needed to produce stable and accurate results for these models, especially for coarse meshes.
CAN Implementation and Performance for Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) Instrument on Exomars 2020 Mission

The use of CAN bus in space applications has increased during the last fifteen years. The need of standardizing not only the physical and link layers but also the higher layers protocol to meet spacecraft specific constraints or requirements, such as bus redundancy management, node monitoring and synchronization, has aroused. Therefore, a Working Group on CAN bus was stablished by ESA in collaboration with European Industry and Space Agencies, whose effort gave as result the publication of ECSS-E-ST-50-15C in 2015. This standard defines CAN protocol extensions for space use and specifies the optional use of the CANopen standard as higher layer to be used over CAN bus. The ExoMars Mission was chosen as spreadhead for the application of this standard. The present paper provides an experience report on this novel standardized use of CAN/CANopen in Space, in particular in the Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) that will be boarded into the Rover of ExoMars 2020. Even though RLS makes use of considerably long science telemetries (up to around 2Mbytes) CAN has been designated as its only data interface. We report on software, hardware and data transmission performances, as well as brief description on redundancy and synchronisation of this CAN implementation.
Learning to use a protractor: Touch screen tablet or not?

In the present study, we compare the practice of one teacher in two 5 th-grade classes for the same teaching concept (about angles) according to different working arrangements. In one of her classes, the teacher combines lecturing and interactive class: she talks and she exposes knowledge in front of her students. In the second class, she decides to try a new working arrangement: the flipped classroom. We compare the knowledge at stake by studying actions, gestures and language when video lectures are used on the one hand and when such devices are not used on the other hand. Thus, we compare the knowledge, which was shared and discussed in the classroom.