Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
USE OF MEMBRANE EMULSION SPAN 80 AND TOPO IN URANIUM EXTRACTION AND STRIPPING

ABSTRACT USE OF MEMBRANE EMULSION SPAN 80 AND TOPO IN URANIUM EXTRACTION AND STRIPPING. Membrane emulsion span 80 and TOPO used in uranium extraction and stripping has been done. The extraction was carried outby emulsion membrane H 3 PO 4 in TOPO-Kerosene. The feed or external aqueous phase was uranium in HNO 3 . The emulgator span-80 was used to obtain a stable emulsion membrane system. The influence factors were percentage of TOPO-Kerosene, time extraction, molarity of external aqueous phase and molarity of internal aqueous. After the emulsion membrane was formed, the extractionand stripping process was performed. The ratio volume feed : volume membrane phase equal to 1 : 1 and volume of 5 % TOPO-Kerosene : Volume 3 M H 3 PO 4 equal 1 : 1 were used. The relative good yield were obtained at concentration of TOPO in Kerosene and 3 M H 3 PO 4 was 5 %, molarity of internal aqueous phase equal to 1 M, molarity of external aqueous phase 3 M H 3 PO 4 and time extraction equalto 10 minutes with the speed of emulsification was 8000 rpm. At this condition the extraction efficiency of uranium obtained was 97.8 %, the stripping efficiency 52.56 %, and the total efficiency was 53.80 %. Keywords : membrane emulsion, extraction, stripping, span 80, kerosene, uranium. ABSTRAK PENGGUNAAN MEMBRAN EMULSI SPAN 80 DAN TOPO UNTUK EKSTRASI DAN STRIPPING URANIUM. Telah dilakukan penelitian membran emulsi span 80 dan TOPO yang digunakan untuk ekstraksi uranium. Extraksi dengan membran emulsi H 3 PO 4 dalam TOPO-Kerosen. Larutan umpan untuk fasa air eksternal adalah uranium dalam asam nitrat. Untuk memperoleh sistem emulsi yang stabil dipakai emulgator Span 80. Parameter yang berpengaruh adalah persen TOPO-Kerosene, molaritas fasa air internal H 3 PO 4 , molaritas fasa air eksternal HNO 3 dan waktu ekstraksi. Setelah diperoleh membran emulsi, kemudian dilakukan proses ekstraksi dan stripping, dengan rasio volume umpan : volume membran sebesar 1 : 1; volume 5% TOPO-Kerose : volume 3M H 3 PO 4 sebesar 1 : 1. Hasil relatif lebih baik diperoleh pada konsen-trasi TOPO Kerosene: volume 3 M H 3 PO 4 adalah 5 %, molaritas larutan fasa internal sebesar 1 M, molaritas larutan fasa eksternal adalah 3 M H 3 PO 4 dan waktu ekstraksi sebesar 10 menit dengan kecepatan emulsi 8000 rpm. Pada kondisi ini diperoleh effisiensi ekstraksi uranium 97,8 %, efisiensi stripping 52,56 % dan efisiensi total adalah 53,8 %. Kata Kunci : membran emulsi, ekstraksi, stripping, span 80, kerosen, uranium.
Probabilistic assessment of crop yield loss to drought time‐scales in Xinjiang, China

Frequent drought events under climate change are endangering food security and sustainable agricultural development. Quantitative assessment of crop yield anomalies under drought conditions is essential for effective water resources management and adaptative drought risk mitigation strategies. In this study, a copula‐based bivariate probabilistic framework model is developed to assess the impacts of drought events on crop yield, where the correlation of crop yield anomalies and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at multi‐month lags are quantified. This model has advantages in quantifying the impacts of drought scales on crop yield through the joint probability of the corresponding series. Then, the model is applied to Xinjiang Province in Northwestern China, an arid region with extensive agricultural activities. SPEI and yield anomalies of wheat, maize and cotton during 1984–2015 are firstly identified, and then copula‐based framework is constructed to quantify probabilistic crop yield losses caused by drought events. Finally, crop water amounts and irrigation requirements under different drought severity conditions are compared and analysed. Our findings are: (a) wheat and maize yield anomalies are vulnerable to long drought time‐scales, with exceedance probabilities of required yield anomalies returning to normal are 19.3% for wheat and 21.1% for maize, while cotton is susceptible to short drought time‐scales, with exceedance probability of 42.3% for drought recovery; (b) response of wheat crop yield anomalies to the SPEI at 1‐, 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month scales is the most sensitive, followed by maize, and cotton is the least; (c) under extreme drought conditions, the probability of cotton yield reduction is lower than that of wheat and maize. Results may enhance our understanding of the impacts of drought scales on crops during the growing season, thus providing general guidance for rational irrigation management of crops and incentives for irrigation to mitigate drought risk, ultimately promoting sustainable agricultural development.
Conformity or differentiation? A U-shaped relationship between peers’ CSR and focal firms’ CSR

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of peers’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) on focal firms’ CSR from an integrated perspective. The current study aims to explore whether as peers’ CSR increases focal firms’ CSR would first decrease and then increase. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a sample consisting of Chinese listed manufacturing firms from 2010 to 2016. Hypotheses are tested by generalized least squares method to minimum heterogeneity and autocorrelation concern. Findings The results show that focal firms’ CSR would first decrease and then increase with the increase in peers’ CSR. Furthermore, this paper found that corporate visibility would stress more value on CSR differentiation strategy and environmental uncertainty would stress more value on CSR conformity strategy, such that the U-shaped relationship would be more pronounced in high corporate visibility or low environmental uncertainty situation. Practical implications The findings may be of interest to the academic researchers and managers. For researchers, it is important to understand how focal firms would practice CSR in response to peers’ CSR, especially through an integrated perspective. For managers, the results show that the best way to invest in CSR activities in response to peers’ CSR follows a U-shaped curve, and corporate visibility and environmental uncertainty are important factors to be considered to make CSR decisions. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by proposing and examining a U-shaped relationship between peers’ CSR and focal firms’ CSR, which stresses the conformity and differentiation value of CSR simultaneously. Besides, to fully map the effects of peers’ CSR and focal firms’ CSR, this paper considers the moderating roles of internal and external contingencies on this non-linear relationship between the peers’ CSR and focal firms’ CSR.
Spectroscopic and Theoretical Explorations on 6-Hydromethyl-4-Methoxy-4- Methoxytetrahydro-Pyran-2, 3, 5-Triol-A Biomolecule

The chemical compound 6-hydromethyl-4-methoxy-4methoxytetrahydro-pyran-2, 3, 5-triol (C7H14O6), was derived from the ethanol extract of Senna auriculata flower via GC-MS. FT-IR and NMR characterization of the compound support covalent bonding information and degree of degeneracy, respectively. 3D molecular structure was optimized to enhance the accuracy of computations. MEP, NBO, HOMO-LUMO, and Mulliken charge distribution studies provide details like reactive sites, electron density dislocation, and molecular interactions, charge transfer within the molecule and frontier orbital energies, electron density on the individual atom, and these were computed using hybrid B3-LYP quantum level with 6-311++G(d, p) basis set. Thermodynamic properties such as heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy, and their relation with temperature changes for the title molecule were also analyzed using THERMO.PL software. Non-linear optical properties Original Research Article Priya et al.; AJOCS, 9(2): 14-26, 2021; Article no.AJOCS. 64557 15 namely polarizability, first-order hyperpolarizability, and electronic dipole moment have also been computed at B3-LYP level with 6-311++G (d, p) basis set. Docking simulation was initiated on the title molecule using Autodock 4.2 software and found to be an excellent inhibitor of ALR2, an enzyme.
Assessment of Nutrient Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Some Popular Underutilized Edible Crops of Nagaland, India

In Nagaland ~70% of population lives in rural areas and depends on forest products for livelihood. Being part of the biodiversity hotspot, state is rich in biodiversity. The present study was an attempt made to understand the nutritional properties of 22 popular underutilized edible plants (UEP) Kohima, Phek, Tuensang districts. Results revealed moisture content of 22 studied plants ranged between 4.8 to 88.15 g/100g, while protein content varied between 0.00269 - 0.773 g/100g with highest in Terminalia chebula (0.773 g/100g) fruit while lowest protein content was in Setaria italica (0.00269 g/100g). Total carbohydrate content was between 0.198 - 5.212 g/100g with highest in Setaria italica (5.212 g/100g) and lowest in Juglans regia (0.198 g/100g). Of the 22 samples, maximum antioxidant activity was in Terminalia chebula fruits (37.49 μg/ml) followed by Clerodendrum glandulosum (65.29 μg/ml) leaves, Phyllanthus emblica (79.08 μg/ml) fruits against Trolox (96.89 μg/ml). Highest total phenol content (TPC) was recorded in Terminalia chebula (53.11 mg GAE/g) and Rhus chinensis (43.99 mg GAE/g) while in other 20 crops the values varied from 0.09 - 8.44 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid content (TFC) varied between 0.004 - 43.67 mg QE/g with clerodendrum glandulosum (43.67 mg QE/g) and Terminalia chebula (27.78 mg QE/g) were found to be highest among the 22 plant samples. Findings suggest that these underutilized edible plants should be popularized as they can contribute to nutritional support to different region of the state for health improvement and cultivated them commercially to help and develop various value added local product to improve the livelihood status of the rural population and also add to the economy of the state and region.
INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACTS OF ECONOMIC CRISES ON THE HEALTH SYSTEM IN TURKEY: AN ARDL BOUNDS TESTING APPROACH

In this study, the impacts of 1994, 2001 and 2009 economic crises on 9 indicators related to the health system in Turkey between 1974-2015 were investigated through the ARDL Cointegration approach. It was found that the 1994 economic crisis affected the total number of other health personnel significantly (p<0.05) in a negative way. The 2001 economic crisis was found to have a significantly negative effect on public health expenditures, total health expenditures and number of beds. For the 2009 economic crisis, private and total health expenditures decreased significantly (p<0,05), while public health expenditures increased significantly (p<0.05). Conclusively, in this study, it has been found that political choice plays an important factor in the impacts of the economic crises on the health system.
Coordinated design of delay‐dependent wide‐area damping controllers considering multiple time delays

© 2021 The Authors. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology This paper investigates coordinated design of multiple wide-area damping controllers (WADCs) for damping multiple inter-area oscillations considering communication delays in multiple control loop. Two approaches have been investigated: the sequential approach which uses the stability criteria for single delay and design the WADC independently, and the coordinated approach which employs a less conservative and fast Lyapunov stability criterion for linear system with multiple delays to calculate delay margins simultaneously and coordinately design the multiple WADCs. The sequential approach cannot reveal the interaction among several WADCs loops with multiple delays and may lead to inaccurate delay margins, while the coordinated approach takes into account interactions of delays between different WADC control loops and can result in accurate delay stable region and relationship between delay margins and the WADC gains. Gains of WADCs are determined based on a trade-off between damping performance and delay margin. Case studies are based on the modified IEEE 10-machine 39-bus power system equipped with two FACTS devices and two WADCs. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by simulation studies.
Quantifying Raptors' Flight Behavior to Assess Collision Risk and Avoidance Behavior to Wind Turbines

Some wind farms have implemented automated camera\textendash based monitoring systems e.g. IdentiFlight to mitigate the impact of wind turbines on protected raptors. These systems have effectuated the collection of large amounts of data that can be used to describe flight behavior in a novel way. This data uniquely provides both flight trajectories and images of individual birds throughout their flight trajectories. The aim of this study was to evaluate how this unique data could be used to create a robust quantitative behavioral analysis, that could be used to identify risk prone flight behavior and avoidance behavior thereby in the future assess collision risk. This was attained through a case study at a wind farm on the Swedish island Gotland, where golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla), and red kites (Milvus milvus), were chosen as the selected bird species. The results demonstrate that flight trajectories and bird images can be used to identify high risk flight behavior and thereby also used to evaluate collision risk and avoidance behavior. This study presents a promising framework for future research, demonstrating how data from camera\textendash based monitoring systems can be utilized to quantitatively describe risk prone behavior and thereby assess collision risk and avoidance behavior.
Conscious processing and rowing: a field study

ABSTRACT Objectives: The theory of reinvestment has been used to explain underperformance of motor skills in sport. Our study had three objectives. First, we examined the influence of conscious processing on rowing performance in competitive races. Second, we investigated conscious processing as a function of rowing experience. Finally, we explored whether extreme conscious processing predicted catastrophic skill failure during competitive rowing. Design: Cross-sectional field study. Participants were observed during a competitive race before completing a multi-measure questionnaire. Method: Participants were recruited from one of five rowing events held in the English midlands. Rowers (N = 147) were observed racing and then completed measures of movement-specific reinvestment, perceived performance, and demographics. Actual performance was calculated from their race finishing position. Results: Post-hoc data analysis revealed that Movement Self-Consciousness (MSC) but not Conscious Motor Processing (CMP) was associated with actual race performance. CMP was positively associated with perceived technical performance, whereas MSC was negatively associated with perceived tactical performance. Two rowers who were observed to crab (i.e., choke) during their race reported extreme levels of CMP. Finally, the relationship between conscious processing and performance was not moderated by rowing experience. Conclusion: Our findings provide broad support for the theory of reinvestment in the rowing context. Poor race outcome was only associated with MSC, suggesting that the pressures of competition, such as social evaluation, impact field performance. Catastrophic performance failure during competition (i.e., crabbing) was linked to extremely high CMP, which may be due to excessive conscious control that CMP evokes, therefore disrupting automatic processes.
Evaluation and Comparison of the Antioxidant Activities and Nutritional Composition of Cucurbita maxima and Vigna unguiculata Leaf Extracts

Antioxidant activities and nutritional composition are essential ingredients normally considered in the choice of vegetables for human consumption. Leafy vegetables in particular, are regarded as protective foods in human diet due to their many health benefits. The aim of this research was to carry out the quantitative phytochemical screening, the antioxidant activities of extracts and determine the nutritional content of Cucurbita maxima and Vigna unguiculata leaves. Quantitative phytochemical screening were conducted using standard techniques. 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine antioxidant activities of these extracts. Nutritional composition was determined using standard procedures. Quantitative analysis revealed the phytochemicals in C. maxima and V. unguiculata as; saponins (1.03%, and 1.34%), tannins (3.49% and 2.60%), terpenoids (0.0% and 0.47%), flavonoids (2.81% and 4.11%), alkaloids (5.72% and 3.5%), phenols (4.02% and 3.83%) respectively. There was a significant (p=0.05) difference in radical scavenging activity of ethanol leaf extract of V. unguiculata comprared to C. maxima. In FRAP both plants’ extract revealed a good antioxidant reducing power at 100mg/ml (range 0.40 to 0.5 absorbance) at 700nM. Antioxidant activities of extracts is attributed to their flavonoid and phenolic contents. Proximate analysis revealed the nutrients for C. maxima and V. unguiculata as; crude protein (11.58% and Original Research Article Sha’a; EJNFS, 13(1): 29-39, 2021; Article no.EJNFS. 64097 30 14.83%), crude fat (0.47% and 0.61%), ash (4.11% and 3.72%), crude fiber (6.95 and 4.68%), moisture (1.03% and 1.38%), carbohydrate (75.86% and 74.78%) respectively. This shows that the leaves are a good source of energy to both humans and animals. Also, both vegetables revealed good percentages of proteins which can be used to compliment other sources of protein.
Structural, morphological and electrical properties of graphene oxides obtained by Hummers, Tour and modified methods: a comparative study

The aim of this paper is the comparison of structural, morphological and electrical properties of thermally extended graphite synthesized by chemical oxidation of graphite with sulfur of nitric acids at all other same conditions. Thermal treatments of graphite intercalation compounds were performed at a temperature of 600°C on the air for 10 min but additional annealing in temperature range of 100-600oC for 1 hour was done. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy. The evolution of structural ordering of thermally extended graphite samples at increasing of annealing temperature was traced. It was determined that the additional annealing allows to control the electrical conductivity and structural disordering degree of extended graphite samples that is useful for preparation of efficient current collectors for electrochemical capacitors.
Comparing and assessing department-level instructional workloads: a study in data management

ABSTRACT Hiring academic staff into departments and supporting them remains the single costliest activity that most institutions of higher learning engage in and requires careful, long-term, data-driven planning. This study identifies widely available (but seldom actually used) variables needed for this process: available instructional workload units and student credits. While doing so, this study also walks through best practices in extracting such variables from administrative systems in repeatable, auditable ways using stock database design tools and methods. Finally, this study (literally) illustrates, in practice, how surfacing such variables in readily interpretable tables, pictures, and interactive dashboards can facilitate their application and use, by providing administrators with ways of presenting these data to peers and oversight boards in transparent, ideologically neutral, but yet actionable, formats. Although this study brings considerable quantitative data to bear, it is, at its core, a practical study in how academic administrators should be managing their data—the ‘new gold’.
Selective Liquid Crystal Driving Mode Achieved by Controlling the Pretilt Angle via a Nanopatterned Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Thin Film

Behavior of liquid crystal (LC) is a result of interaction between the geometrical shape restrictions of the adjacent surface and molecular forces among LCs or adjacent surface. For years, continuous efforts have been made to control LC orientation and anchoring with pretilt angle for modulating the electro‐optical characteristics. For now, diverse driving modes have been developed including twisted nematic, optically compensated bend, electrically controlled birefringence, and vertical alignment. However, it has the limitation that different fabrication process should be adopted in different driving mode such as materials of alignment layer and techniques for aligning the LCs. Herein, selective LC modes are achieved by controlling the LC pretilt angle using nanopatterned organic/inorganic hybrid thin films composed of polyimide (PI) and tin oxide (SnO). It is possible to control the surface wettability according to the composition ratio between PI and SnO, thereby adjusting the pretilt angle of the LCs. Fabrication of SnO combined with PI applied via embossing allows for the large‐scale replication for LC alignment and based on consumer demand, devices can be manufactured in various modes through simple configuration changes. Therefore, an inorganic compound combined with an organic one permits designing addressable LC driving modes.
Financial Development, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in India: An Empirical Evidence

The paper examines the response of poverty reduction based on financial development and economic growth in India. The ARDL and ECM based model techniques analyze the long-run and short-run relationship among the variables in the model. The long-run estimates depict that financial development and economic growth have not significantly impacted poverty reduction and, on the other hand, resulted in injecting inequality and becoming attended to wealthier sections of the society. The short-run estimates show that financial development and economic growth have successfully tried to reduce poverty in India. The results flash a long-run nature of poverty in India and need to designs and formulations of policies that should be instrumental in reducing poverty. Impulse Response Functions' application indicates that poverty reduction will act as a catalyst for further poverty reduction in India . JEL Classification: I32, B26, O40, R15 How to Cite: Alam, M. Q. , & Alam, M. S. (2021). Financial Development, Economic Growth, and Poverty Reduction in India. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi , 20(1), 13 – 22. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1. 18417.
Gradient-Based Aerodynamic Optimization of an Airfoil with Morphing Leading and Trailing Edges

This article presents a gradient-based aerodynamic optimization framework and investigates optimum deformations for a transonic airfoil equipped with morphing leading and trailing edges. Specifically, the proposed optimization framework integrates an innovative morphing shape parameterization with a high fidelity Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamic solver, a hybrid mesh deformation algorithm, and an efficient gradient evaluation method based on continuous adjoint implementation. To achieve a feasible morphing shape, some structural properties of skin and wing-box constraints were introduced into the morphing shape parameterization, which offers skin length control and enables wing-box shape invariance. In this study, the optimum leading and trailing edge deformations with minimization of drag at this cruise stage were searched for using the adjoint-based optimization with a nested feasible morphing procedure, subject to the wing-box, skin length, and airfoil volume constraints. The numerical studies verified the effectiveness of the optimization strategy, and demonstrated the significant aerodynamic performance improvement achieved by using the morphing devices. A lambda shock pattern was observed for the optimized morphing leading edge. That result further indicates the importance of leading edge radius control.