Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Rural Development in Kogi State

: Rural areas in Kogi State Nigeriaare facing neglect with attendant rise in the rates of poverty, unemployment and general underdevelopment thereby aggravating rural-urban migration. The underdevelopment of rural areas in the State calls for modern day innovations that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) offers. This study investigated the impact of ICT on rural development in Kogi State. Primary data were collected through household survey using structured questionnaire. The structured questionnaire was validated in a departmental seminar where the proposal and draft of the instrument were presented. Multi-stage sampling method was adopted to select 10 households each from 120 rural communities that were earlier randomly selected from the 21 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the State. This makes a total sample of 1,200 households used in the survey. The data collected were analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Three models of regression were estimated in the study; two were estimated using ordinary least square technique while one was estimated using binary choice (LOGIT) technique. The study found out that ICT have had positive and statistically significant impact on poverty reduction, employment generation and agricultural output in rural areas of Kogi State at 5% significance level. The study recommended that Kogi State government,Non-Governmental Organizations and individual philanthropists should establish more ICT training centres and Community Internet Service Centres (CISC) in rural areas. Also, rural dwellers in Kogi State should make themselves available for ICT training.
BBC NEWS DATA CLASSIFICATION USING NAÏVE BAYES BASED ON BAG OF WORD

Sentiment analysis is used in practically every aspect of human life and has a substantial impact on our actions. There is a vast amount of data that presents people' opinions in numerous domains, such as business and politics, thanks to the expansion and use of online technology. Naïve Bayes (NB) is utilized in this paper to examine opinions by text classification and categorizing them into the relevant category (business, entertainment, politics, sprot, and tech). It examines the impact of combining NB classifiers (Multinomial, Gaussian, Bernoulli, and Complement) in conjunction with feature extraction methods in such of frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) on an accuracy of classifying BBC news data. Some techniques were used to measure the performance of classifiers such as recall, precision, and F1-score. The outcomes show that the Complement scored the highest in accuracy, with a score of 97.604 percent. The Complement was found to be the best fit.
The Effect of CO 2 Concentrations and the Injection Strategy on Synechococcus sp . PCC 7002 Culture

* Author for correspondence: Azlin Suhaida Azmi Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: +60361966547 Fax:+60361964442 Abstract. Photosynthetic microorganism such as cyanobacteria emerge attractive due to its diverse potential uses in the biotechnology field. It is also useful for CO2 sequestration and biofuel production. However different CO2 concentrations supplied to the culture affect cell growth and lipid production in different ways. This paper focuses on the influences of CO2 concentrations (i.e. 15%(v/v) to 30% (v/v)), which was supplied for 30 minutes every day (i.e. total of 7 days of experiment duration) to the culture system, on the growth of Synechococccus sp. (PCC 7002 strain), total lipid production, culture pH and CO2 removal. The results showed that the highest growth and total lipid were obtained when the culture was supplied with 15%(v/v) and 30%(v/v) of CO2, respectively. The CO2 removal was decreasing when the concentration was at 30%(v/v). Finally, the pH of cultures reduced as the CO2 concentration increased.
Application of Alternate Healthy Eating Index to Assess Diet Quality in Male Workers

This study aimed to analyze diet quality of male workers. Study design was cross-sectional, involving 101 male workers of PT. Semen Indonesia Tuban, East Java aged 25-55 years old. Subjects were chosen using purposive sampling based on inclusion criterias. US adapted Alternate Healthy Index (AHEI) was used to assess diet quality that consists of 11 components. Components and portions were modified based on Indonesian Dietary Guidelines 2014. The result showed that grains and alcohol components had good score (10) and the lowest score was in sweetened beverages component (1.4). AHEI-score range from 45.1 to 95.7 and the mean was 69.5. More than half of workers (75.2%) diet quality was in need of improvement category (AHEI scores <76.2). Education level and working unit were correlated with diet quality (p<0.05). Workers diet quality in PT. Semen Indonesia Tuban needs to be improved.
Breast cancer survival and stage at diagnosis in Australia

Publisher rights Copyright 2013 Cancer Research UK. All rights reserved. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction for non-commercial purposes, provided the author and source are cited and new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Optimal Income Taxation and Commitment on the Labor Market

The optimal income taxation literature typically assumes that labor is traded on the spot markets. I relax this assumption by equipping workers and firms with a commitment power and, as a consequence, allowing for more sophisticated labor contracts. The main finding is that when both workers and firms have any positive commitment power, the tax schedule cannot be too regressive, as otherwise wages would be inefficiently randomized to reduce the expected tax paid by workers. I also show that the insurance of workers depends only on the total commitment power on the labor market, but not on its division between workers and firms. I calibrate the model to the US income distribution. The threat of wage randomization reduces the optimal marginal tax rates at low income levels by up to 40 percentage points and in certain cases makes the optimal tax schedule fully linear.
Public Debt, Redistribution, and Growth

We study the implications of economic growth for the generosity and the financing of the welfare state. In a simple model without savings, we first derive some benchmark conditions under which both the generosity of the welfare state and tax progressivity are independent of the level of economic development. This homothetic benchmark extends to the case of external public debt if the interest rate equals a threshold which depends not only on preference parameters, but also on the growth rate. When growth rates are high and interest rates are be- low this threshold, governments of growing economies should issue public debt to finance a generous welfare state initially; tax progressivity will then increase eventually to finance the service of the debt. We show that this force is quantitatively large. Finally, homotheticity also extends to internal savings between the government and the private agents, as long as there is no initial wealth inequality across agents: the optimal welfare state and tax progressivity are constant and the endogenous interest rate is such that there is no savings. Next, we break homotheticity by introducing subsistence levels. We analytically show that in autarky, positive subsistence levels imply a more generous welfare state at earlier stages of development, financed with more progressive taxes. When allowing for external borrowing, even at the interest rate threshold for which there is no motive for borrowing in the homothetic benchmark, subsistence levels translate into interesting dynamics. The welfare state should be more generous initially, but this should solely be financed with public debt. The standard tax smoothing result remains. With internal debt, the government should use public debt to finance an initially more generous welfare state. However, optimal tax progressivity initially increases. The increase in tax progressivity is desirable because it improves the terms of trade for the government. Finally, we study the effects of initial asset inequality. Preliminary analytical results suggest that wealth inequality generate a force for increasing tax progres- sivity to improve the terms of trade for the poor households. The magnitude of this price manipulation mechanism depends on initial and future growth.
Interannual Variation in CO 2 Effluxes from Soil and Snow Surfaces in a Cool-Temperate Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest

MO W. , NISHIMURA N. , MARIKO S. , UCHIDA M. , INATOMI M. & KOIZUMI H. 2005. Interannual variation in CO2 effluxes from soil and snow surfaces in a cool-temperate deciduous broadleaved forest. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 45 (4): (99)-(107). We estimated the inter-annual variation in soil CO2 efflux in a cool-temperate oak–birch forest in central Japan. CO2 effluxes from the soil surface during the snow-free season and from the snow surface during the snow-covered season were measured using an open-flow infrared gas analyzer method from December 1994 to December 1995. Climatic conditions in 1995 were significantly colder than the 22-year mean; this decreased observed values of daily CO2 efflux and resulting in different temperature response of CO2 efflux (estimated on the basis of the annual Q10 function) compared with the Q10 function derived from measured effluxes obtained at the same site and with the same method in normal, warmer years from 1999–2002. This suggests that empirical models such as annual Q10 function must be parameterized for the target year before they can be used to estimate annual soil CO2 efflux, especially during periods of abnormal climatic conditions. Estimated annual values of soil CO2 efflux from 1994–2002, based on the Q10 functions derived from annual datasets for 1995 (an abnormally cold year) and 1999-2002 (normal warm years), ranged from 597 to 793 g C m y, with a mean ±SD of 713±71 g C m y. The annual soil CO2 efflux in 1995, an abnormally cold year, was 16% lower than the mean for the 1994–2002 period, whereas efflux in a warm El Niño year (1998) was 11% higher than the mean. This suggests the presence of a large inter-annual variability in the annual soil CO2 efflux in this forest.
Currency Demand , the Underground Economy and Tax Evasion : The Case of Nigeria

The existence of a large underground economy in Nigeria is an important consequent of economic and social policy over the period 1975-2010. However, empirical evidence on the severity of the underground economy and its relationship with tax evasion and the official economy is very scanty. This study seeks to identify the determinants of the underground economy and to characterize the trend and estimate both the size of the underground economy and the magnitude of tax evasion in Nigeria during this period. The study employed the currency demand approach to derive estimates for the size of the underground economy and magnitude of tax evasion. The Error Correction Model was also used to capture the speed of adjustment to long-run equilibrium. The results from the analysis indicated that the size of underground economy and magnitude of tax evasion for the study period ranged between 42.54% –79.32% and 2.09% – 6.75% of GDP respectively. The results also established a positive relationship between tax rate, size of underground economy and magnitude of tax evasion. Tax rate, Inflation, Interest rate, high income inequalities, and the generally low productivity of the Nigerian tax system due principally to deficiencies in tax administration and collection systems and complex legislation are the driving forces behind the growth in the underground economy and tax evasion. Minimisation of the size of the underground economy is necessary for effectively addressing the problem of tax evasion in the country. The study, therefore, recommends that government should evolve perhaps towards monetisation of the economy and the evaluation of an optimal tax system.
Tilburg University The effects of liquidity constraints on consumption

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Caldwell-t Algorithm Validation : Alternative proposal to the solution of Gupta for the sequencing of activities in processes of slender development of software with Critical Chain approach

Gupta algorithm was proposed back in 1972 to reduce cycle times, with very good performance results and it has been successfully used as a sequencing solution in critical activities in lean software develop processes. An alternative to this algorithm is presented with validation evidence on this document, using heuristic rules when equal selecting factors occurs. The algorithm, named Caldwell-T, can be used to solve, effectively, the possible clashes of activity that can occur in shared resources, as opposed to the traditional methodology, which encourages multitasking. Caldwell-t Algorithm obtained 78% performance effectiveness over Gupta proposal using a simulation model with Industry data. This improvement gives a big impact in software develop projects, when it is applied to critical chains and feeding buffers and signal calculations. However, the new algorithm may yield less effective results compared with Gupta algorithm for certain random configurations of expected times of execution of activities, in approximately 20% of the cases, which allows to deduce that it is better to analyze the configuration of the multiproject environment with both algorithms, instead of putting them to compete. The results of this research is highly valuable because Gupta Algorithm is powerful compare with GA solutions and other IA approaches.
A Comparative Study of Traditional and Kullback-Leibler Divergence of Survival Functions Estimators for the Parameter of Lindley Distribution

A new point estimation method based on Kullback-Leibler divergence of survival functions (KLS), measuring the distance between an empirical and prescribed survival functions, has been used to estimate the parameter of Lindley distribution. The simulation studies have been carried out to compare the performance of the proposed estimator with the corresponding Least square (LS), Maximum likelihood (ML) and Maximum product spacing (MPS) methods of estimation.
Temperature Dependence of Reactions

The Arrhenius equation introduces the relationships between rate and \(A\), \(E_a\) and \(T\), where \(A\) is the preexponential factor, \(E_a\) is the activation energy, and \(T\) is the temperature. The pre-exponential factor, \(A\), is a constant that can be derived experimentally or numerically. It is also called the frequency factor, and describes the number of times two molecules collide. In empirical settings, the pre-exponential factor is considered constant. When dealing with the collision theory, the pre-exponential factor is defined as \(Z\) and its equation can be derived by considering the factors that affect the frequency of collision for a given molecule. Consider the most elementary bimolecular reaction: \[A + A \rightarrow Product\] An underlying factor to the frequency of collisions is the space or volume in which this reaction is allowed to occur. Intuitively, it makes sense for the frequency of collisions between two molecules to be dependent upon the dimensions of their respective containers. By this logic, Z is defined the following way: Z = (Volume of the cylinder * Density of the particles) / time Using this relationship, an equation for the collision frequency, \(Z\), of molecule \(A\) with \(A\) can be derived: \[Z_{AA} = 2N^2_Ad^2 \sqrt{\dfrac{\pi{k_{b}T}}{m_a}}\] For a more complex collision, such as one between \(A\) and \(B\): \[A + B \rightarrow Product\]
“ MAKING PROOF CENTRAL TO PRE-HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS IS AN APPROPRIATE INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL ” : PROVABLE , REFUTABLE , OR UNDECIDABLE PROPOSITION ? 1

Many researchers and curriculum frameworks, especially in the United States, recommend that proof by made central to all students’ mathematical experiences as early as the elementary grades. However, the development of proof in school mathematics has been uneven. Proof has historically been associated only with tenthgrade courses on Euclidean geometry. This historical tradition, coupled with the difficulties that even advanced students face with proof, seem to challenge the appropriateness of the goal to make proof central to prehigh school mathematics. In this paper, we use mathematics education and psychological research to examine the appropriateness of this goal. In a PME conference, this paper can initiate fruitful discussions among researchers from different countries and with diverse perspectives on the issue of incorporating proof into prehigh school mathematics.
Deskilling among Manufacturing Production Workers

Although four out of five manufacturing employees work in production occupations in most countries (as opposed to white collar occupations), there is little international evidence on how the transition to more capital intensive production methods has affected the demand for different groups of manufacturing production workers. In this article, I use new occupational wage and employment data to document a global decline in the relative demand for skilled production workers in manufacturing since the 1950s. They tended to work in craftsman occupations, and commanded wages even rivaling those of some white collar workers. However, the demand for manufacturing craftsmen decreased in countries of all income groups and regions over the following decades, and declining relative craftsmen wages and employment have been associated with increasing capital intensities of production. My findings reconcile conflicting characterizations of technological change throughout the 20th century as either `skill biased' or `deskilling', and suggest that the polarization of labor demand in manufacturing precedes ICT. They also point to a decreasing number of manufacturing jobs in which workers with little formal education can acquire significant marketable skills.
A MODEL FOR PREDICTIVE CAPACITY OF A CONTAINER TERMINAL STATE : A SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH

Low performance of operational practices and wrong perceptions on demand forecast cause improper investments on new facilities for containers terminals, without taking into account the best use of their available resources. Accordingly, it would be desirable to model dynamic behaviour among demand, capacity and productivity of container terminal services, like reception, storage and distribution, to forecast their performances faced to demand evolution with time. This paper presents a system dynamic model to evaluate impacts from demand variations on 18 container terminals associated to ABRATEC – Brazilian Association of Public Containers Terminals – and their response capability to compensate demand growth with increasing productivity. The behaviour of the developed dynamic models was demonstrated by means of simulations carried out with the Vensim Standard 5.6d system dynamics software.
Governance Arrangements for Agile Projects

Organisations find themselves in a rapidly changing business environment where their success and sustainability depend largely on their ability to respond to these changes timeously and effectively. Given that traditional project delivery elongated the time to respond to these rapid changes, organisations are opting for agile methodologies to deliver projects in order to keep abreast of changes. Agile project management allow for greater focus on business value, getting continuous feedback from customers and reducing release times. The processes are flexible and allows changes to be adapted if the customers or business needs are not met. However, this approach poses its own challenges when it comes to governing project delivery. It require control, responsibility and accountability. The study seek to answer the question of what governance mechanism should be used in Agile Project environment to ensure responsibility and accountability toward the project outcome. From a quantitative perspective, a survey was used to gather data from key role players in the agile project environment, and they were analysed using descriptive statistics. While agile software project delivery is a growing trend to deliver projects, it still poses many challenges to various business stakeholders in measuring the value derived. The study has proposed a conceptual framework for governance of agile projects.
A Mass Phenomenon : The

This paper proposes a theory for the social evolution of obesity. It considers a society, in which individuals experience utility from consumption of food and non-food, the state of their health, and the evaluation of their appearance by others. The theory explains why, ceteris paribus, poor persons are more prone to be severely overweight although eating is expensive and how obesity occurs as a social phenomenon such that body mass continues to rise long after the initial cause (e.g. a lower price of food) is gone. The paper investigates the determinants of a steady-state at which the median citizen is overweight and how an originally lean society arrives at such a steady-state. Extensions of the theory towards dietary choice and the possibility to exercise in order to loose weight demonstrate robustness of the basic mechanism and provide further interesting results.
Effect of a unique web-based behaviour change program on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese adults at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease . A randomised controlled trial

1 Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Belfast, UK 2 Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast, UK 3 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, South Africa 4 Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK 5 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK1
Human-in-the-Loop Design with Machine Learning

Deep learning methods have been applied to randomly generate images, such as in fashion, furniture design. To date, consideration of human aspects which play a vital role in a design process has not been given significant attention in deep learning approaches. In this paper, results are reported from a human- in-the-loop design method where brain EEG signals are used to capture preferable design features. In the framework developed, an encoder extracting EEG features from raw signals recorded from subjects when viewing images from ImageNet are learned. Secondly, a GAN model is trained conditioned on the encoded EEG features to generate design images. Thirdly, the trained model is used to generate design images from a person's EEG measured brain activity in the cognitive process of thinking about a design. To verify the proposed method, a case study is presented following the proposed approach. The results indicate that the method can generate preferred designs styles guided by the preference related brain signals. In addition, this method could also help improve communication between designers and clients where clients might not be able to express design requests clearly.