Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engaging Children and Parents to Code Together Using the ScratchJr App

Abstract Educational tools and apps designed to teach coding and computational thinking to children have risen in popularity in the last several years. However, there is little research that explores how families with young children code together in informal environments. This study explored how children ages 5-7 and their parents jointly program with the ScratchJr app. N = 58 families attended ScratchJr Family Days, single-day events for families to engage in an interactive ScratchJr session. Three additional parent-child dyads participated in a follow-up observational study, in which they were videotaped while working on an open-ended ScratchJr activity. Findings indicated that parents reported engaging as observers and coaches, whereas children engaged as planners. There were moderate, positive associations between children’s prior coding interest and their engagement in debugging, as well as between children’s role as playmates and their engagement in the design process. Implications and opportunities for future research are discussed.
Conservation Genetics of Endangered Horse Breeds

Molecular methods and equine genetic diversity The use of markers for characterising genetic resources A review on the methods of parentage and inbreeding analysis with molecular markers Genetic distance as a tool in the conservation of rare horse breeds Variation of mitochondrial DNA in Lipizzan horses Analysis of inbreeding in the genetic resource of the Old Kladrub horse" in the period from 1993 to 2003 The numerical and genetic status of native horse and pony breeds in Britain Characterisation of several Connemara Pony populations Genetic characterisation of the Croatian autochthonous horse breeds based on polymorphic blood proteins and mtDNA data Estimation of genetic distance between traditional horse breeds in Hungary Genetic diversity of the Akhal-Teke horse breed in Turkmenistan based on microsatellite analysis Rare horse breeds in Northern Europe Use of probabilities of gene origin to describe genetic varation in two endangered Norwegian horse breeds Bardigiano horse selection: a genetic global index for linear type traits The Italian Heavy Draught Horse breed: origin, breeding program, efficiency of the selection scheme and inbreeding Genetic characterization of Pentro young horses by microsatellite markers The Retuertas horse: the "missing link" in the Iberoamerican horse breeds origin? Genetic diversity of the Zemaitukai Horse
The complete plastome of the coccoid green alga Jenufa minuta (Chlorophyceae, incertae sedis) unveils a noncanonical genetic code and a previously unrecognized trans-spliced group II intron in the rpl32 gene

Abstract We describe the plastome of Jenufa minuta, a unicellular green alga whose precise relationship with the Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae) remains uncertain. This 206,680-bp genome contains 100 conserved genes, 11 of which exhibit 16 group I and seven group II introns. We discovered a trans-spliced group II intron in the rpl32 gene of J. minuta and its orthologs in all Sphaeropleales and several Chlamydomonadales; this is the first time this intron is documented. As in the mitochondria of J. minuta, the UGA codon is decoded as tryptophan. To our knowledge, this is the second report of a variant genetic code in plastids.
Molecular variation in Ganoderma isolates from oil palm, coconut and betelnut.

The genus Ganoderma is a common saprophyte of decaying wood and occurs in both temperate and tropical regions. However, members of the genus are increasingly reported on commercially grown crops in the tropics and subtropics and certain isolates can cause serious basal stem rots on a number of palm hosts, including oil palm, coconut, arecanut (betelnut) and many other tree species (Sampath Kumar and Mambiar, 1990). These isolates cause severe economic losses by shortening the life span of perennial crops, e.g. coconut losses due to basal stem rot in India can reach up to 31% (Anonymous, 1987) and infection can also make the land unsuitable for the subsequent plantation crop. Two major constraints to disease control are the lack of sufficient information on variation in Ganoderma species associated with disease and their mode of reproduction. Ganoderma boninense was said to be responsible for causing basal stem rot (BSR) of oil palm in Indonesia and Malaysia (Turner, 1965a). In south Asia, coconuts are also affected by a disease similar to BSR, which is known by a variety of names, including bole rot, Thanjuvar wilt, Ganoderma wilt, Ganoderma disease and Anabe Roga disease. In Sri Lanka, G. boninense is said to be the causal agent of bole and root rot of coconut (Peries, 1974), while
Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Outcomes After Posterior Decompression Surgery in Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Study Design: This was a case-control study. Objective: The objective of this study was to clarify the surgical outcomes after cervical posterior decompression in patients who smoked. Summary of Background Data: Smoking is associated with poor outcomes in the field of spinal surgery. However, the impact of tobacco smoking on the outcomes after posterior decompression surgery has not been fully evaluated in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, 587 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were enrolled at 17 institutions in Japan. Patients underwent cervical laminoplasty or laminectomy and were followed up for at least 1 year after surgery. Outcome measures were: preoperative smoking status, perioperative complications, the Japanese Orthopedic Association scale, and the Visual Analog Scale for neck pain. After adjusting for age and sex by exact matching, smoking and nonsmoking groups were compared using an unpaired t test for continuous variables or a χ2 test for categorical variables. Results: There were 182 (31%) current smokers and 405 (69%) nonsmokers including previous smokers. After matching, 158 patients were extracted from each group. Demographic data and surgical information were almost the same between the groups. Regarding postoperative complications, there was no significant difference in the rate of surgical site infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, hematoma, segmental motor paralysis, or neurological deficit. However, smokers showed a significantly higher risk for delirium (3.8% vs. 0.0%, P=0.039). Smokers and nonsmokers showed comparable changes in functional recovery according to Japanese Orthopedic Association scores (3.2±2.1 vs. 3.0±2.1, P=0.425) and in neck pain reduction using the Visual Analog Scale (−1.7±3.1 vs. −1.4±2.8, P=0.417) at the final follow-up. Conclusions: Smokers exhibited functional restoration and neck pain reduction after cervical posterior decompression. Attention is required, however, for the postoperative complication of delirium, which could be caused by the acute cessation of tobacco smoking after admission. Level of Evidence: Level III.
Factors Affecting the Export Performance of the Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Zimbabwe

This paper investigates factors that improve the performance of exporting firms in the food and beverages manufacturing subsectors in Zimbabwe. The research developed and tested four models on the mediating effects of the export marketing mix strategy (the 4Ps), on the association between commitment to export, experience on the international market, promotion of exports and firm export performance. A mixed sequential approach using qualitative and quantitative techniques has been used by the researchers in collecting data for the study. A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), and content analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The research has confirmed a positive relationship between the 4Ps, experience in international markets, commitment to exporting with export performance. Management’s commitment to export, place, product and attractiveness of foreign markets have emerged as strong precursors for improvement in exporting by firms. The validated conceptual model makes significant contribution to theory the literature for export performance. The outcomes of this research offer recommendations to exporting firms, especially, those operating in emerging economies. For Zimbabwean exporters, distribution channel, and product adaptation are significant in developing exports on a sustainable basis.
Genomic and Hormonal Components of Altered Developmental Pathways in the Annual Killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus

The annual killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus, may enter embryonic diapause at three distinct points of development, termed diapause I, II, and III. Previous studies suggest a role for steroid hormones in the regulation of diapause in annual killifish. This study concerns the hormonal and genomic components involved in the developmental decision to enter or escape diapause II from both a maternal and embryonic perspective. Steroid hormone levels were measured in tissues isolated from adult female fish that were producing either high or low proportions of escape embryos. Levels of steroid hormones were also measured in new fertilized embryos that were known to be on either an escape or diapausing developmental trajectory. In addition, cDNA microarray gene expression analysis was used to identify gene sequences that may be associated with the regulation of entry into diapause in this species. Decreases in maternal estrogen levels associated with aging are correlated with decreasing escape embryo production, but there is no direct association between measured steroid hormone levels and escape embryo production. However, maternal production of escape embryos is correlated with increased ratios of 17 β-estradiol to testosterone in ovary tissue, and cDNA microarray gene expression analysis indicates differentially regulated sequences associated with escape embryo production in maternal tissues. Both of these independent measures suggest hormonal involvement in the regulation of diapause. Embryonic levels of steroid hormones in newly fertilized embryos are not correlated with entry or escape from diapause II, although ii incubation in exogenous cortisol and 17 β-estradiol causes an increase in the proportion of escape embryos. Gene expression analysis again suggests hormonal involvement. Interestingly, genes involved in epigenetic control of gene expression though chromatin condensation are differentially regulated in both maternal tissues producing escape embryos, and in embryos on the different developmental trajectories. These data suggest that hormonal control of gene expression through alterations of chromatin condensation may regulate the decision to enter or escape diapause II.
Assessing Operability on Berthed Ships. Common Approaches, Present and Future Lines

The revenue of a ship company, a terminal, a port and even the whole logistic chain largely depends on the performance of (un)loading operations inside port areas. However, they are conditioned by met-ocean agents that exert stresses on fixed structures, berthed ships and mooring systems that can affect the comfort, productivity and safety of the operations. Under extreme conditions, operations may be interrupted, producing periods of inactivity, economic losses and even jeopardizing the terminal’s reliability. Therefore, it is crucial to develop strategies for characterizing and predicting operability in docks and anchorages. The present paper aims to assess the main approaches up to date to address the operability on berthed ships and to explore present and future strategies. To accomplish this, main factors affecting the operability are reviewed and different methodologies for the characterization and calculation of operability are detailed, together with some results regarding the perception of vulnerability from the Spanish port community. Rather than aiming for generic mono-parametric thresholds, the results highlight the need for addressing this challenge in a specific way for each dock and anchorage, broadening field monitoring and considering the varied peculiarities and the specific perception and experience of main port’s actors.
Experimental Assessment of a Novel Eutectic Binary Molten Salt-based Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanocomposite as a Promising PCM with Enhanced Specific Heat Capacity

In this study, novel nanocomposites containing the pre-defined mass ratio of binary molten salt (NaNO3-KNO3: 60-40 wt. %) dispersed with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoparticles with nominal size of 70 nm, were prepared through one-phase preparation method. Four different types of samples including pure binary molten salt and binary molten salt-based hBN nanocomposites with loading concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt. % were prepared. The proposed amount of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate was added to certain amount of DI water, comprising with 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt. % concentration of hBN nanoparticles. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was conducted to evaluate the uniformity of the synthesized binary molten salt-based hBN nanocomposites. The SEM images revealed uniform dispersion of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles and fractal-like structures were observed clearly. Specific heat capacity (cp) and melting temperature measurements were performed using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental achieved data for melting temperature proved that hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles do not affect the melting temperature of the synthesized nanocomposites. The experimentally achieved data for the average cp values of the binary molten salt in solid and liquid phases were 1.14 and 1.13 J/g K, respectively. While, the average cp values for the binary molten salt-based hBN nanocomposite with the highest loading concentration of nanoparticles (1.5 wt. %) in solid and liquid phases were 2 and 3.17 J/g K, respectively. The measured average cp value in the liquid phase for binary molten salt-based hBN nanocomposite with the highest loading concentration (1.5 wt. %) of nanoparticles revealed enhancement of ~180% in comparison with pure binary molten salt. Thermal stability measurements expressed enhancement of thermal stability in binary molten salt induced with hBN nanoparticles. Binary molten salt-based hBN nanocomposite with loading concentration of 1.5 wt. % represented ~16% enhancement in thermal stability over the binary molten salt.
The Paths of Internationalization of Chinese Innovative Firms

Innovative enterprises from emerging markets, such as China, are a group of understudied enterprises, which could generate new and important views on internationalization. Some unique characteristics of Chinese innovative enterprises are creating new ideas that help to a better understanding of entry mode choice, market location choice, and entry speed in the paths of internationalization. Drawing on an unbalanced panel of Chinese innovative enterprises’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) event data, we analyzed the tendency of the paths of internationalization of Chinese innovative enterprises and the determining factors that influence the Chinese innovative enterprises’ choice in entry mode, market location, and entry speed. The results show that: (1) Chinese innovative enterprises are more likely to choose developing countries than developed countries. (2) When these firms conduct investment activities in developed countries, the probability rank (from high to low) of entry mode choice is acquisition, along with the wholly-owned subsidiary, exporting and joint venture. When these firms expand the business in developing countries, the entry mode of export is most likely to be chosen and the acquisition is least likely to be chosen. (3) This tendency and paths choice of internationalization in entry mode, market location and entry speed are influenced by the international experience, the multidimensional proximity, psychic distance, internationalization motivation, ownership structure, and innovation ability. Finally, we discuss these contributions and make some suggestions for future research.
Measurements of Nonlinear Polarization Dynamics in the Tens of Gigahertz.

Frequency-dependent linear-permittivity measurements are commonplace in the literature, providing key insights into the structure of dielectric materials. These measurements describe a material's dynamic response to a small applied electric field. However, nonlinear dielectric materials are widely used for their responses to large applied fields, including switching in ferroelectric materials, and field tuning of the permittivity in paraelectric materials. These behaviors are described by nonlinear permittivity. Nonlinear-permittivity measurements are fraught with technical challenges because of the complex electrical coupling between a sample and its environment. Here, we describe a technique for measuring the complex nonlinear permittivity that circumvents many of the difficulties associated with other approaches. We validate this technique by measuring the nonlinear permittivity of a tunable Ba0.5Sr0. 5TiO3 thin film up to 40 GHz and comparing our results with a phenomenological model. These measurements provide insight into the dynamics of nonlinear dielectric materials down to picosecond timescales.
NIAM, a novel activator of p53 and potential tumor suppressor

Post-translational modifications of p53 are critical in modulating its tumor suppressive functions. Ubiquitylation, for example, plays a major role in dictating p53 stability, subcellular localization and transcriptional versus non-transcriptional activities. Less is known about p53 acetylation. It has been shown to govern p53 transcriptional activity, selection of growth inhibitory versus apoptotic gene targets, and biological outcomes in response to diverse cellular insults. Yet recent in vivo evidence from mouse models question the importance of p53 acetylation (at least at certain sites) as well as canonical p53 functions (cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis) to tumor suppression. This review discusses the cumulative findings regarding p53 acetylation, with a focus on the acetyltransferases that modify p53 and the mechanisms regulating their activity. We also evaluate what is known regarding the influence of other posttranslational modifications of p53 on its acetylation, and conclude with the current outlook on how p53 acetylation affects tumor suppression. Due to redundancies in p53 control, many questions still remain about the physiological importance of p53 acetylation to its role in preventing cancer. Introduction In the past thirty years we have come a long way in understanding the molecular genetic basis of cancer, greatly facilitating the move toward personalized genomic medicine. This points to the value of biomarker analysis for earlier detection and diagnosis of cancers, as well as combination therapies that target commonly disrupted cancer pathways along with uniquely altered factors within each patient. Studies that
New insights into DNA barcoding of seagrasses

Taxonomists find some plant genera challenging because of the few morphological differences or unclear characters among closely related species, which leads to the misidentification of taxa. DNA barcoding is an approach to identify species by using short orthologous DNA sequences, known as ‘DNA barcodes’. Concatenated rbcL and matK sequences are considered DNA barcodes for seagrasses. However, these markers are not applicable to all members of seagrasses at the species level, especially within the genus Halophila. Our previous studies indicated that the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) showed higher species resolution than the concatenated rbcL and matK sequences in the case of Halophila ovalis and closely related species. In this study, 26 ITS, two rbcL and two matK consensus sequences from 18 seagrass taxa belonging to four families collected in India, Vietnam, Germany, Croatia and Egypt were processed. Molecular ITS analysis resolved five clades. The results also indicate that the Cymodoceaceae family might be a non-monophyletic group. In conclusion, ITS could be applied as a DNA barcode for seagrasses instead of the rbcL/matK system previously proposed.
Opinions of Geography Teacher Candidates about Energy Resources: A Critical Phenomenological Approach

Energy is mentioned as a concept that affects the policies of the country with the consumption of natural resources, with the production types in alternative and different ways, and with the effect of the economy of the countries. It is just as important to have energy sources, teaching energy sources and conveying this knowledge. It is offered in various courses from primary school to university, teaching of energy sources. And while this is also important as a field of expertise, energy resources are taught as a course in many universities in undergraduate education. It was necessary to do such a study, to determine the general knowledge and behavior of Geography teacher candidates within the scope of energy resources course This study is a case study of qualitative research methods. Qualitative research is the method by which data is produced without statistical operations or any other numerical means in any way. In addition, the qualitative research method is focused on one main case and based on the opinions of the participants. It is important to have flexibility in the research designed and to have an inductive analysis, qualitative research techniques. The case study is an in-depth description and examination of a limited system. In this study, in-depth and detailed views of the Energy Resources course were taken from the geography teacher candidates during the undergraduate period. Phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The desire to convey the candidates' views more clearly and clearly is the reason why we use this design. Critical approach has also been used in the interpretation of phenomenological design. We did this to broaden our perspective on the study.
Classifying Speech Act of Gossip Using Verbal Response Modes in Selected Instagram Posts

This study aims to examine the speech act of gossip on selected Instagram posts and categorize the existing utterances based on the speech act classification by Searle (1969). The selected Instagram posts were selected by following a Verbal Response Modes (VRM) approach. A descriptive method was chosen to conduct the research. The data were analyzed by using the taxonomy provided by Stiles (1992). The analysis shows that the utterances and responses on Instagram posts were mostly classified into three categories; assertive (statements, suggestions, etc.), directive (inviting, requesting, etc.), and declarative (declare, announce). Most of the utterances on the post were aimed at stating an actual event and the utterances used by the followers to respond to the statements were inviting other different responses. It is recommended that further research on the speech act using VRM in a broader social or educational context be applicable.