Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Media News Use Induces COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Through Skepticism Regarding Its Efficacy: A Longitudinal Study From the United States

There are mounting concerns about the adverse effects of social media on the public understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential effects on vaccination coverage. Yet early studies have focused on generic social media use and been based on cross-sectional data limiting any causal inferences. This study is among the first to provide causal support for the speculation that social media news use leads to vaccine hesitancy among US citizens. This two-wave survey study was conducted in the US using Qualtrics online panel-based recruitment. We employ mediation and moderated mediation analyses to test our assumptions. The results suggest that using social media to consume news content can translate into vaccine hesitancy by increasing citizens’ skepticism regarding the efficacy of vaccines. However, these effects are contingent upon the news literacy of users, as the effects on vaccine hesitancy are more substantial among those with lower news literacy. The current study recommends to public policymakers and vaccine communication strategists that any attempt to reduce vaccine hesitancy in society should factor in the adverse effects of social media news use that can increase vaccine safety concerns.
Multi-Omics Approaches Unravel Specific Features of Embryo and Endosperm in Rice Seed Germination

Seed germination and subsequent seedling growth affect the final yield and quality of the crop. Seed germination is defined as a series of processes that begins with water uptake by a quiescent dry seed and ends with the elongation of embryonic axis. Rice is an important cereal crop species, and during seed germination, two tissues function in a different manner; the embryo grows into a seedling as the next generation and the endosperm is responsible for nutritional supply. Toward understanding the integrated roles of each tissue at the transcriptional, translational, and metabolic production levels during germination, an exhaustive “multi-omics” analysis was performed by combining transcriptomics, label-free shotgun proteomics, and metabolomics on rice germinating embryo and endosperm, independently. Time-course analyses of the transcriptome and metabolome in germinating seeds revealed a major turning point in the early phase of germination in both embryo and endosperm, suggesting that dramatic changes begin immediately after water imbibition in the rice germination program at least at the mRNA and metabolite levels. In endosperm, protein profiles mostly showed abundant decreases corresponding to 90% of the differentially accumulated proteins. An ontological classification revealed the shift from the maturation to the germination process where over-represented classes belonged to embryonic development and cellular amino acid biosynthetic processes. In the embryo, 19% of the detected proteins are differentially accumulated during germination. Stress response, carbohydrate, fatty acid metabolism, and transport are the main functional classes representing embryo proteome change. Moreover, proteins specific to the germinated state were detected by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches and a major change in the network operating during rice germination was uncovered. In particular, concomitant changes of hormonal metabolism-related proteins (GID1L2 and CNX1) implicated in GAs and ABA metabolism, signaling proteins, and protein turnover events emphasized the importance of such biological networks in rice seeds. Using metabolomics, we highlighted the importance of an energetic supply in rice seeds during germination. In both embryo and endosperm, starch degradation, glycolysis, and subsequent pathways related to these cascades, such as the aspartate-family pathway, are activated during germination. A relevant number of accumulated proteins and metabolites, especially in embryos, testifies the pivotal role of energetic supply in the preparation of plant growth. This article summarizes the key genetic pathways in embryo and endosperm during rice seed germination at the transcriptional, translational, and metabolite levels and thereby, emphasizes the value of combined multi-omics approaches to uncover the specific feature of tissues during germination.
Neural Correlates of Facial Emotion Recognition in Non-help-seeking University Students With Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis

Background Since the introduction of the neurodevelopmental perspective of schizophrenia research on individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) has gained increasing interest, aiming at early detection and intervention. Results from fMRI studies investigating behavioral and brain functional changes in UHR during facial emotion recognition, an essential component of social cognition, showed heterogenous results, probably due clinical diversity across these investigations. This fMRI study investigated emotion recognition in a sub-group of the UHR spectrum, namely non-help-seeking, drug-naïve UHR with high cognitive functioning to reveal the neurofunctional underpinnings of their social functioning in comparison to healthy controls. Methods Two large cohorts of students from an elite University (n1 = 4,040, n2 = 4,364) were screened firstly with the Prodromal Questionnaires and by surpassing predefined cut-offs then interviewed with the semi-structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes to verify their UHR status. Twenty-one identified non-help-seeking UHR and 23 non-UHR control subjects were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while classifying emotions (i.e., neutral, happy, disgust and fear) in a facial emotion recognition task. Results Behaviorally, no group differences were found concerning accuracy, reaction times, sensitivity or specificity, except that non-help-seeking UHR showed higher specificity when recognizing neutral facial expressions. In comparison to healthy non-UHR controls, non-help-seeking UHR showed generally higher activation in the superior temporal and left Heschl's gyrus as well as in the somatosensory, insular and midcingulate cortex than the control subjects during the entire recognition task regardless of the emotion categories. In an exploratory analysis, in the non-help-seeking UHR group, functional activity in the left superior temporal gyrus was significantly correlated with deficits in the ability to experience emotions at uncorrected statistical thresholds. Conclusions Compared to healthy controls, non-help-seeking UHR show no behavioral deficits during facial emotion recognition, but functional hyperactivities in brain regions associated with this cognitive process. Our study may inspire future early intervention and provide loci for treatment using neural stimulation.
Enhanced Originality of Ideas in Women During Ovulation: A Within-Subject Design Study

The signaling theory suggests that creativity may have evolved as a signal for mates. Indeed, its aesthetic value might not have been necessary for survival, but it could have helped to attract a mate, fostering childbearing. If we consider creativity as such a signal, we should expect it will be enhanced in the context related to sexual selection. This hypothesis was tested mainly for men. However, both men and women display physical and mental traits that can attract a mate. Previous studies showed that women can be more creative during their peak fertility. We advanced these findings in the present study, applying reliable measures of menstrual cycle phases (examining saliva and urine samples) and the highly recommended within-subject design. We also introduced and tested possible mediators of the effect. We found women’s ideas to be more original during ovulation compared to non-fertile phases of the ovulatory cycle. The results are discussed in the context of signaling theory and alternative explanations are considered.
Learning Models for Traumatic Brain Injury Mortality Prediction on Pediatric Electronic Health Records

Background Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of injury related mortality in the world, with severe cases reaching mortality rates of 30-40%. It is highly heterogeneous both in causes and consequences, complicating medical interpretation and prognosis. Gathering clinical, demographic, and laboratory data to perform a prognosis requires time and skill in several clinical specialties. Machine learning (ML) methods can take advantage of the data and guide physicians toward a better prognosis and, consequently, better healthcare. The objective of this study was to develop and test a wide range of machine learning models and evaluate their capability of predicting mortality of TBI, at hospital discharge, while assessing the similarity between the predictive value of the data and clinical significance. Methods The used dataset is the Hackathon Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (HPTBI) dataset, composed of electronic health records containing clinical annotations and demographic data of 300 patients. Four different classification models were tested, either with or without feature selection. For each combination of the classification model and feature selection method, the area under the receiver operator curve (ROC-AUC), balanced accuracy, precision, and recall were calculated. Results Methods based on decision trees perform better when using all features (Random Forest, AUC = 0.86 and XGBoost, AUC = 0.91) but other models require prior feature selection to obtain the best results (k-Nearest Neighbors, AUC = 0.90 and Artificial Neural Networks, AUC = 0.84). Additionally, Random Forest and XGBoost allow assessing the feature's importance, which could give insights for future strategies on the clinical routine. Conclusion Predictive capability depends greatly on the combination of model and feature selection methods used but, overall, ML models showed a very good performance in mortality prediction for TBI. The feature importance results indicate that predictive value is not directly related to clinical significance.
Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies Specific Modules and Hub Genes Related to Subacute Ruminal Acidosis

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to understand the pathogenesis of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and identify potential genes related to the disease. Microarray data from dataset GSE143765, which included 22 cows with and nine cows without SARA, were downloaded from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Results of WGCNA identified highly correlated modules of sample genes, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses allowed further biological insights into SARA-related modules. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, modules from the PPI network, and cistron annotation enrichment of modules were also analyzed. A total of 14,590 DEGs were used for the WGCNA. Construction of a protein-protein network identified DCXR, MMP15, and MMP17 as hub genes. Functional annotation showed that DCXR mainly exhibited L-xylulose reductase (NADP+) activity, glucose metabolic process, xylulose metabolic process, and carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity, which are involved in the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathways. MMP15 and MMP17 mainly have a collagen catabolic process. Overall, the results of this study aid the clarification of the biological and metabolic processes associated with SARA at the molecular level. The data highlight potential mechanisms for the future development of intervention strategies to reduce or alleviate the risk of SARA.
Autistic Adult Services Availability, Preferences, and User Experiences: Results From the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union Survey

There is very little knowledge regarding autistic adult services, practices, and delivery. The study objective was to improve understanding of current services and practices for autistic adults and opportunities for improvement as part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union (ASDEU) project. Separate survey versions were created for autistic adults, carers of autistic adults, and professionals in adult services. 2,009 persons responded to the survey and 1,085 (54%) of them completed at least one of the services sections: 469 autistic adults (65% female; 55% <35 years old), 441 carers of autistic adults (27% female; 6% <35 years old), 175 professionals in adult services (76% female; 67% in non-medical services). Top choices by autistic adults, carers or professionals for services best suiting their current needs were: residential services: “help in own home” (adults, carers of high independent adults, professionals), “fulltime residential facility” (carers of low independent adults); employment services: “job mentors” (adults, carers of high independent adults, professionals), “Sheltered employment” (carers of low independent adults); education services: “support in regular education setting” (all groups); financial services: financial support in lieu of employment (“Supplementary income for persons unable to have full employment” for adults, “full pension” for carers of low independent adults) or to supplement employment earnings for carers of high independent adults and professionals; social services: “behavior training” (adults) and “life skills training” (carers and professionals). Waiting times for specific services were generally < 1 month or 1–3 months, except for residential services which could be up to 6 months; most professionals were uninformed of waiting times (>50% responded “don’t know”). Five of seven residential services features recommended for autistic adults were experienced by <50% of adults. The knowledge of good local services models that work well for autistic adults was generally low across all services areas. The variation in services experiences and perceptions reported by autistic adults, carers, or professionals underscore the need to query all groups for a complete picture of community services availability and needs. The results showed areas for potential improvement in autistic adult services delivery in the EU to achieve recommended standards.
The Mediation Effect of Body Composition on the Association Between Menopause and Hyperuricemia: Evidence From China National Health Survey

Reproductive factors have been demonstrated to be associated with hyperuricemia. Body composition is an essential determinant influencing serum uric acid (SUA), but it is largely unknown whether increased SUA was influenced by changed body composition during the menopausal transition. As a secondary analysis of China National Health Survey from 2012-to 2017, this study included 18,997 women aged 20 to 80. Menarche age and menopause information were collected by questionnaire interview. Body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were used as body composition indexes. Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA higher than 360μmol/L (approximately 6 mg/dl). Mediation analysis was performed to explore the direct and indirect effects of menopause on hyperuricemia. A 1:2 age-matched case-control data set (n=6202) was designed to control age-related confounders and was used in multivariable analyses. After adjustment of covariates, postmenopausal women had 14.08 (10.89-17.27) μmol/L higher SUA than their premenopausal counterparts. Overweight/obesity and higher levels of BFP, FMI, and FFMI were all found to be positively associated with hyperuricemia. The mediation analysis showed that the total effect of menopause on hyperuricemia was positive, but was substantially mediated by body composition indexes. Forty-five percent of the total effect can be attributed to the indirect effect mediated by BMI (OR for the natural indirect effect (NIE): 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04-1.13), and over 80% mediated by BFP (OR for NIE: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.16-1.29). However, FFMI did not present the mediated role in the association (OR for NIE: 0.99, 95%CI: 0.96-1.02). The findings revealed that body composition, especially the fat mass indexes, significantly mediated the association between menopause and hyperuricemia. The role of body composition as mediator constitutes clinical and public health significance that should be recognized and considered in healthcare for women experiencing their menopause transition.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reprogram M1 Macrophage Metabolism via PHD2/HIF-1α Pathway in Colitis Mice

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease worldwide. Infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1 macrophages) contributes to the occurrence of bowel inflammation. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for UC, but the exact mechanism remains unknow yet. Here, we treated DSS-induced colitis mice with adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and revealed that ADMSCs alleviated colon inflammation by reducing the infiltration of M1 macrophages. Moreover, ADMSCs exerted this therapeutic effect by inhibiting succinate accumulation, increasing PHD2 to prevent M1 macrophages from overexpressing HIF-1α and thereby reprogramming the glycolytic pathway of M1 macrophages. Meanwhile, the succinate secreted by M1 macrophages triggered ADMSCs to secrete PGE2 in return, which could also shift macrophages from M1 phenotype to M2. Our work demonstrated an immunomodulatory effect of ADMSCs and provided a novel perspective on UC therapy.
Sadder but Wiser: The Role of SARS Imprinting and Firms’ Recovery During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Our study provides a new research perspective on firms’ recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e., can similar events experienced by firms in the past have an imprinting effect on the improvement of firm’s recovery? We focus on firms’ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes (SARS) imprints. Based on four quarters of panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies in 2020, our study finds that SARS imprints are positively related to firms’ recovery ability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, if the more severe the SARS pandemic experienced by a firm, the more significant the effect of SARS imprint on the firm’s recovery ability during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the higher the level of digitization of firms during the COVID-19 pandemic, the more it contributed to the enhancing effect of the SARS seal on firm recovery. Our study makes an important theoretical contribution to the recovery literature as well as to imprinting theory, while providing practical guidance for improving the recovery of firms during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Psychological Resilience Among Older Japanese Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Psychological resilience refers to the ability to cope with adversities, and deficits in resilience might lead to mental illness. The COVID-19 pandemic has had impact on psychological resilience for older adults, but there are as yet no data on its impacts on the mental health of older adults who were living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological resilience in older adults with MCI and to explore associated physical and psychosocial factors. In this cross-sectional study of 268 older adults aged 65–85, we defined MCI as age- and education-adjusted cognitive decline with a standard deviation of 1.0 or more from the reference threshold. During December 2020 to April 2021, we carried out to all participants the 10-item version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) to measure psychological resilience. We also conducted a comprehensive geriatric assessment including sleep quality and depressive symptoms (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively). To identify factors associated with CD-RISC-10 scores (mean: 23.3 ± 0.4), multiple regression analysis revealed that older age [coefficient = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.06–0.39] was significantly correlated with higher scores, whereas poor sleep quality (coefficient = −2.06, 95% CI = −3.93 to −0.19) and depressive symptoms (coefficient = −2.95, 95% CI = −5.70 to −0.21) were significantly correlated with lower scores. In this study, older adults with MCI showed low psychological resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, and people with low psychological resilience indicated poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest directions for devising interventions to maintain mental health and psychological resilience among the vulnerable population of older adults with MCI living under the socially isolated conditions of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Our recommendation includes continuous assessment of this population and appropriate care for poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms.
Green Innovation Behavior Toward Sustainable Tourism Development: A Dual Mediation Model

The rapid increase in globalization has fostered the emerging ecological challenges to halt human civilization, substantially highlighting the need for environmental management. The study’s primary objective is to analyze the impact of environmental perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and attitude toward environmental CSR on sustainable tourism development while considering the mediating role of national park identification goals and employee pro-environmental behavior. The data was collected from the 338 employees working in the Chinese tourist firms’. The study variable’s reliability and validity was checked by using Composite Reliability (CR) and Average Variance Extracted (AVE). Study results show that environmental CSR perception and attitude toward environmental CSR positively impact sustainable tourism development, national park Goal identification, and employee pro-environmental behavior. National Park goal identification and employee pro-environmental behavior mediate between sustainable tourism development and environmental perception of corporate social responsibility and attitude toward environmental CSR.
Association Between Dopaminergic Medications and the Evolution of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is closely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), however, the influence of dopaminergic replacement therapy (DRT) on the clinical course of RBD in PD remains less understood. The objective of our study is to investigate how DRTs modify the evolution of RBD in a longitudinal cohort study of initially de novo PD patients. Four hundred and five drug-naive patients with early-stage PD were included. RBD symptoms were assessed using the 10-item RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) at baseline and during the 5-year follow-up. A generalized estimating equation was used to examine predictors of the evolution of RBD symptoms. For patients without baseline pRBD, patients on levodopa treatment showed a greater increase in RBDSQ scores than those not on levodopa treatment, and the increase in RBDSQ scores was significantly correlated with the levodopa-LEDD. Moreover, the changes in RBDSQ scores at a given post-baseline visit were significantly associated with the use of levodopa (OR = 1.875, p = 0.008) and the combined use of levodopa and DA (OR = 2.188, p = 0.012), as well as the levodopa-LEDD (OR = 1.001, p = 0.005) at that visit. The use of DA alone or the DA-LEDD was not a significant predictor of changes in RBDSQ scores. Similarly, a conversion from pRBD negative to pRBD positive was significantly associated with levodopa-LEDD (OR = 1.001, p = 0.014) but not DA-LEDD. Together, these finding implicated that the use of levodopa may act as a contributing factor to the increasing prevalence of RBD after the onset of PD, suggesting different mechanisms underlying prodromal RBD and late-onset RBD.