Toxicity Assessment Alternatives: "Methods, Issues, Opportunities"

Part I. Recent Developments on Alternatives. Tissue Engineering: An Important Technology for Assessment of Toxicity, Edith R. Schwartz. Tissue Engineering: Technology Applications and FDA Initiative, Kiki B. Hellman. Electrical Resistance Method for Measuring Volume Changes in Astrocytes, Michael Aschner. Cytotoxicity Profiles for a Series of Investigational Compounds Using Liver Slice Technology and Human-Derived Cell Cultures, Sanjeev Thohan and Ho Chung. Antagonistic Interaction of Sodium Arsenite and Lead Sulfite with UV Light on Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes, Spiros P. Katsifis and Patrick L. Kinney. The Role of Upper Airway Heat and Water Vapor Exchange in Hygroscopic Aerosol Deposition in the Human Airway: A Deposition Model, Jonathan W. Kaufman. Moving Average Interpolation for Malathion LC50 Estimation on Dugesia Tigrina: Comparison with Probit and 'One-Point' Methods, R. B. Worobec. Physiological Modeling of Benzo(a)pyrene Pharmacokinetics in the Rat, David Moir. Part II. Current Trends and Future Directions. Resources for Biomedical Research: Opportunities for Alternatives, Elaine Young. Part III. Mechanistically Based Test Methods as Alternatives. Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife: Scientific Processes and Principles for Evaluating Effects, Richard Dickerson and Ronald Kendall, Sr. Mechanistic Animal-Replacement Approaches for Predicting Pharmacokinetics of Organic Chemicals, Patrick Poulin, Martin Beliveau, and Kannan Krishnan. Part IV. Use of Alternatives in Hazard Assessment Initiatives. Validation of the Cytosensor(TM) Microphysiometer for In Vitro Cytotoxicity Testing, R. J. Mioduszewski, C. J. Cao, M. E. Eldefrawi, A. T. Eldefrawi, D. E. Menking, and J. J. Valdez. Sulfur Mustard Effects on Cell Yield Alter Viability Assessment in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes, Janet Moser, Susan A. Kelly, and Henry L. Meier. Development of Human Keratinocyte Colonies For Confocal Microscopy and for Study of Calcium Effects onGrowth Differentiation and Sulfur Mustard Lesions: A Model, Robert J. Werrlein, Tracey A. Hamilton, and Janna S. Madren-Whalley. Phosgene-Induced Calcium Changes in Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells, Robert J. Werrlein, Stephen D. Kirby, and Janna S. Madren-Whalley. Enhanced Proteolytic Activity and Fc Receptor Expression in Human Epithelial Cells Following Exposure to Sulfur Mustard, Fred M. Cowan, Clarence A. Broomfield, and William J. Smith. Altered Expression of lntracellular and Surface Antigens By Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Exposed to Sulfur Mustard, William J. Smith. Effect of Sulfur Mustard Exposure on Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Viability and Protein Content, William J. Smith, James A. Blank, Rebekah A. Starner, Ronald G. Menton, and Joy L. Harris. The Use of In Vitro Systems to Define Therapeutic Approaches to Cutaneous Injury by Sulfur Mustard, William J. Smith, Margaret E. Martens, Clark L. Gross, Offie K. Clark, Fred M. Cowan, and Jeffrey J. Yourick. Effects of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors on the Sulfur Mustard-Induced Disruption of the Higher-Order Nuclear Structure of Human Lymphocytes, Henry L. Meier and Charles B. Millard. DNA Repair Enzymatic Response in Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Following Sulfur Mustard Exposure, K. Ramachandra Bhat, Betty J. Benton, and Radharaman Ray. Human Hepatocytes: A Novel Animal Alternative, John C. Lipscomb and Patricia D. Confer. Part V. Validation, Regulatory Acceptance, and Animal Protection Perspectives. An Animal Protection Perspective, Martin L. Stephens. Federal Interagency Activities Toward Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of Alternative Tests, Errol Zeiger. Index.