Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Vocational High School Graduates Have Better Employment Outcomes than General High School Graduates?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the causal effect of vocational high school (VHS) education on employment likelihood relative to general high school (GHS) education in Turkey using Census data. Design/methodology/approach To address non-random selection into high school types, the authors collect construction dates of the VHSs at the town level and use various measures of VHS availability in the town by the age of 13 as instrumental variables. Findings The first-stage estimates suggest that the availability of VHS does not affect the overall high school graduation rates, but generates a substitution from GHS to VHS. The OLS estimates yield the result that individuals with a VHS degree are around 5 percentage points more likely to be employed compared to those with a GHS degree. When the authors use measures of VHS availability as instruments, they still find positive and statistically significant effect of VHS degree on employment likelihood relative to GHS degree. However, once they include town-level controls or town fixed effects, IV estimates get much smaller and become statistically insignificant. Originality/value The authorsconclude that, although VHS construction generates a substitution from GHS to VHS education, this substitution is not transformed into increased employment rates in a statistically significant way.
Cortes

The first half of 2022 is marked by the discussion in the area of constitutionality control, in the Supreme Court (United States of America) and in the Federal Supreme Court (Brazil), of actions in which the normative standards of pollution control of the country are judged against the precepts of the Constitution. Both Courts recognize the material relevance of environmental protection, the need to take a stand against the challenges of climate change and the protection of the environment as a diffuse legal claim. This paper aims to analyze, in view of the thematic similarity of the judgments produced, by homonymous Courts, the impact of transnational
Giant pulse generation in the fibers with inscribed Bragg gratings

In this paper it was investigated the dynamics of frequency-modulated pulses in fiber cascades, consisting of a fibers with sequentially formed refractive index gratings with different periods. It is shown that the proposed scheme can be used to generate picosecond and subpicosecond pulses with peak powers of the order of ~1 MW. In the considered cascade structures, it is shown that it is possible to form stable sequences of pico- and subpicosecond pulses with a subterahertz repetition rate directly from continuous wave signals as a result of a modulation instability regime.
An Algorithm for Offline Measurement of Motor Stator Resistance and Voltage Drop Across Inverter Switches for Washing Machine Drives

The knowledge of the exact value of motor phase resistance is extremely important for modern electrical drives, which use it for tuning of current controllers, position estimators, temperature monitoring, and so on. At the same time, the value of voltage drop across inverter switches is necessary for providing proper and efficient control, especially in the low-speed region, where the impact of system nonlinearities is significant. This article proposes a novel algorithm for the offline measurement of motor resistance and voltage drop across inverter switches, which significantly improved the performance of washing machines in open-loop starting and low-speed operation. The proposed technique uses two step injection of dc current into stator windings, which provides data for the estimation of resistance and voltage drop. This article describes traps and pitfalls on the way of implementation and tuning and provides recommendations on avoiding them. After analysis of detailed experimental results, the author gives recommendation on a selection of algorithm parameters in order to provide low estimation errors. Following successful implementation and a series of tests, this technique has been accepted for mass production and has become an inevitable part of the control system of washing machines.
Critical factors affecting the decision to adopt cloud computing in Saudi health care organizations

This research aims to identify factors that affect cloud computing (CC) adoption decisions among Saudi health care organizations. More precisely, a research model has been developed and tested to present factors that can facilitate or inhibit the decision to adopt CC in such organizations. In addition to its theoretical contributions, this model would help to formulate some recommendations that can aid IT/IS managers in Saudi health care organizations in making the right decisions when adopting cloud solutions. These managerial contributions are very interesting since the health care sector is very advanced and the number of health care organizations searching for new and effective IT solutions is growing quickly in Saudi Arabia. A quantitative type of research was conducted using a self‐administered survey methodology. Data collected from 123 Saudi health care organizations are used to test the research hypotheses. They are analyzed by using XLStat by structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that top managers' support and adequate resources, competitive pressure, and security and compatibility, representing organizational, environmental and technology factors, respectively, are perceived as significant factors for adopting a CC system. Considering the direct and indirect effects of the main variables on CC decisions regarding adoption, we propose some recommendations that would benefit decision‐makers and scholars in this area.
Did Tools Create Humans?

Abstract The conception and creation of tools, their design, refinements and uses are traditionally viewed as being direct elaborations of inherent human capabilities. Here, we offer an alternative to this traditional perspective. Using a tool to complete any given task serves to change that task which, in turn, impacts and alters the tools’ user via the performance of current and subsequent tasks. Moreover, as each task evolves, humans have come to shape additional tools to respond accordingly. These ever-increasing complexifications then serve to stimulate expansion in inherent human cognitive capabilities themselves. Here, we do not view humans as the initial creators of tools. Rather, the a priori presence of tools in the ambient environment explains, ab initio, why the species homo sapiens has evolved in the way that history records. We thus propose that tools create humans. The subsequent symbiosis between humans and those tools, portrayed as a cumulative spiral structure, serves to frame this evolution of elaborative technologies that have been used across time to achieve socially desired objectives. From our premise, we envision evident lines of progress that can be anticipated for the future of this human-tool dyad.
Peroxygenase-Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of Calcitriol Starting from Alfacalcidol

Calcitriol is an active analog of vitamin D3 and has excellent physiological activities in regulating healthy immune function. To synthesize the calcitriol compound, the concept of total synthesis is often adopted, which typically involves multiple steps and results in an overall low yield. Herein, we envisioned an enzymatic approach for the synthesis of calcitriol. Peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) was used as a catalyst to hydroxylate the C-H bond at the C-25 position of alfacalcidol and yielded the calcitriol in a single step. The enzymatic reaction yielded 80.3% product formation in excellent selectivity, with a turnover number up to 4000. In a semi-preparative scale synthesis, 72% isolated yield was obtained. It was also found that AaeUPO is capable of hydroxylating the C-H bond at the C-1 position of vitamin D3, thereby enabling the calcitriol synthesis directly from vitamin D3.
A Generic Voltage Control for Grid-Forming Converters With Improved Power Loop Dynamics

Grid-forming converters (GFMCs) provide voltage support and other grid services, such as inertia and droop, in more-electronics power systems. The GFMCs with small droop coefficients or connected to the grid through a small impedance may have a fast power loop, which leads to serious conflicts with the inner ac voltage control loop, resulting in power oscillations or even instability. To address this problem, an extremely fast ac voltage loop should be expected for GFMCs. On top of that, GFMCs must operate well in both stand-alone and grid-tied conditions. Through detailed analysis, this article first reveals that the grid-tied operation of a dual-loop controlled GFMC with an LCL output filter features a much slower voltage control loop than that of the stand-alone mode. To improve the dynamics of GFMCs, we propose a generic voltage control scheme with a high-pass filter in the current feedback loop. The generic voltage controller has fast voltage tracking performances under both grid-tied and stand-alone operations, thereby enabling GFMCs to achieve better power regulation and grid service. The improvements in both voltage tracking and power control are verified via experiments.
Žodžių suvokimo ir ekspresyviosios kalbos ypatumai neišplėtotos kalbos atveju

Straipsnyje aptariami vaikų, turinčių neišplėtotą kalbą, leksikos ypatumai. Atlikta kiekybinė sukauptojo vaikų kalbos tekstyno ir eksperimentinių užduočių rezultatų analizė padėjo atskleisti žodžių supratimo, vartojimo ypatumus, leksinės įvairovės rodiklius. Lyginami vaikų, turinčių neišplėtotą kalbą, ir tipinės kalbos raidos vaikų rezultatai. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad vaikai, kuriems būdinga neišplėtota kalba, statistiškai reikšmingai prasčiau atliko daiktavardžių ir veiksmažodžių supratimo bei produkcijos užduotis. Žodžių supratimo ir produkcijos sunkumus lemia reta žodžio vartosena vaiko aplinkoje, žodžio ilgis, darybinė struktūra, sinonimija, panašios reikšmės žodžių gausa
Removal of ballistocardiogram artifacts from EEG/fMRI data using cyclostationary source extraction method

Ballistocardiogram (BCG) artifact is considered here as the sum of a number of independent cyclostationary components having the same cycle frequency. Our proposed method, called cyclostationary source extraction (CSE), is able to extract these components without much destructive effect on the background electroencephalogram (EEG). It is shown that the proposed method outperforms other methods particularly in preserving the remaining signals. The CSE is utilized to remove the BCG artifact from real EEG data recorded inside the magnetic resonance (MR) scanner, i.e., visual evoked potential (VEP). The results are compared to the results of benchmark BCG removal techniques. Analyzing the power spectral density of the cleaned EEG data, it is shown that CSE effectively removes the frequency components corresponding to the BCG artifact. It is also shown that VEPs recorded inside the scanner and processed using the proposed method are more correlated with the VEPs recorded outside the scanner. Moreover, there is no need for electrocardiogram (ECG) data in this method as the cycle frequency of the BCG is directly computed from the contaminated EEG signals.
A reconfigurable dual‐mode bandpass filter based on substrate integrated waveguide

A frequency reconfigurable bandpass filter using an electronically tunable dual‐mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) resonator is presented. Four lumped capacitors as electric tuning elements are loaded near the regions of strongest electric field of TE102 and TE201 modes. The resonant frequency of these two orthogonal modes is tuned by different capacitance values of four lumped capacitors coupled to the SIW resonator. Measured results show that the proposed filter exhibits a tuning range of about 37% from 3.44 to 5 GHz with the total insertion loss variation of 1.85–5.2 dB. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:934–937, 2017
A Novel High-Affinity Potassium Transporter IbHKT-like Gene Enhances Low–Potassium Tolerance in Transgenic Roots of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)

The high-affinity potassium transporters (HKT) mediate K+-Na+ homeostasis in plants. However, the function of enhancing low-potassium tolerance in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. ] remains unrevealed. In this study, a novel HKT transporter homolog IbHKT-like gene was cloned from sweet potato, which was significantly induced by potassium deficiency stress. IbHKT-like overexpressing transgenic roots were obtained from a sweet potato cultivar Xuzishu8 using an Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated root transgenic system in vivo. Compared with the CK, whose root cells did not overexpress the IbHKT-like gene, overexpression of the IbHKT-like gene protected cell ultrastructure from damage, and transgenic root meristem cells had intact mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi dictyosomes. The steady-state K+ influx increased by 2.2 times in transgenic root meristem cells. Overexpression of the IbHKT-like gene also improved potassium content in the whole plant, which increased by 63.8% compared with the CK plants. These results could imply that the IbHKT-like gene, as a high-affinity potassium transporter gene, may play an important role in potassium deficiency stress responses.
Recent Advances in the Heterologous Expression of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters for Marine Natural Products

Marine natural products (MNPs) are an important source of biologically active metabolites, particularly for therapeutic agent development after terrestrial plants and nonmarine microorganisms. Sequencing technologies have revealed that the number of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in marine microorganisms and the marine environment is much higher than expected. Unfortunately, the majority of them are silent or only weakly expressed under traditional laboratory culture conditions. Furthermore, the large proportion of marine microorganisms are either uncultivable or cannot be genetically manipulated. Efficient heterologous expression systems can activate cryptic BGCs and increase target compound yield, allowing researchers to explore more unknown MNPs. When developing heterologous expression of MNPs, it is critical to consider heterologous host selection as well as genetic manipulations for BGCs. In this review, we summarize current progress on the heterologous expression of MNPs as a reference for future research.
A quantitative method of resolving annual precipitation for the past millennia from Tibetan ice cores

Abstract. Net accumulation records derived from alpine ice cores provide the most direct measurement of past precipitation. However, quantitative reconstruction of accumulation for past millennia remains challenging due to the difficulty in identifying annual layers in the deeper sections of ice cores. In this study, we propose a quantitative method to reconstruct annual accumulation from alpine ice cores for past millennia, using as an example an ice core drilled at the Chongce ice cap in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau (TP). First, we used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) technology to develop ultra-high-resolution trace element records in three sections of the ice core and identified annual layers in each section based on seasonality of these elements. Second, based on nine 14C ages determined for this ice core, we applied a two-parameter flow model to established the thinning parameter of this ice core. Finally, we converted the thickness of annual layers in the three sample sections to past accumulation rates based on the thinning parameter derived from the ice flow model. Our results show that the mean annual accumulation rates for the three sample sections are 109 mm yr−1 (2511–2541 years BP), 74 mm yr−1 (1682–1697 years BP), and 68 mm yr−1 (781–789 years BP), respectively. For comparison, the Holocene mean precipitation is 103 mm yr−1. This method has the potential to reconstruct continuous high-resolution precipitation records covering millennia or even longer time periods.
Eating away from home is associated with overweight and obesity among Ugandan adults: the 2014 Uganda non-communicable disease risk factor survey

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations between eating away from home (EAFH) and overweight and obesity among Ugandan adults using the 2014 Uganda non-communicable disease risk factor survey. SUBJECTS/METHODS In total, 3,025 participants aged 18–69 years were included in the analysis. The frequency of EAFH was assessed by asking participants the number of meals eaten per week that were not prepared at a home. EAFH frequency was categorized as; less than once/week, 1-2 times/week, or ≥ 3 times/week. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between overweight, obesity, and EAFH. We also tested whether sex and age modified these associations. RESULTS Participants that ate away from home ≥ 3 times/week were 2.13 times more likely to be obese than those that ate away from home less than once/week (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–3.54). However, when the analysis was stratified by sex, women that ate away from home ≥ 3 times/week were 42% less likely to be overweight than those that ate away from home less than once/week (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36–0.94). Men that ate away from home ≥ 3 times a week were 3.89 times and 2.23 times more likely to be obese and overweight, respectively, than those that ate away from home less than once/week (obesity: OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.50–10.09; overweight: OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42–3.51). Age-stratified analysis showed that among participants aged 31–50 years, those that ate away from home ≥ 3 times a week were 3.53 times more likely to be obese than those that ate away from home less than once/week (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.69–7.37). CONCLUSIONS Frequent EAFH was positively associated with overweight and obesity among men, and obesity among young/middle-aged adults, but negatively associated with overweight in women. Nutritional interventions for obesity reduction in Uganda should include strategies aimed at reducing the frequency of eating meals prepared away from home, and specifically target men and young/middle-aged adults.
Structural synthesis of a stabilizing robust controller of the rotor flux linkage

Purpose. The aim is to structural synthesis of robust stabilizing control of the rotor flux vector control system of induction motor. Methodology. Synthesis controller structure was carried out in two stages. The first stage constructed a mathematical model of the channel of the rotor flux with parametric uncertainty and calculated transfer function of H∞suboptimal controller by method of the mixed sensitivity. The second stage was carried out the expansion of the transfer function of the continued fraction for the Euclidean algorithm. This fraction was used to construct the controller structural scheme. Results. Computer modeling of the transfer function of H∞-suboptimal controller. Achieved decomposition found the transfer function of the continued fraction. The flow diagram of suboptimal H∞-controller with a proportional and integrating links and a few summers. The curves of transient rotor flux linkage in packages Robust Control Toolbox and Simulink. They coincide in the steady state, but differ among themselves in the transition. Originality. We developed the method of structural synthesis of robust stabilizing controller of the flux linkage rotor, H∞-suboptimal structural scheme of which is presented in the form of simple compounds integrating and proportional elements of the same order as the controller with the strictly correct transfer function, and takes into account the parametric uncertainty of control object. The results of the simulation of transient processes in a variety of packages MATLAB applications confirms the adequacy and small sensitivity of the system to parametric perturbation. The practical value. The resulting structure of the controller makes it possible to carry out the modernization of electric control systems, in use, with minimal financial costs. References 10, figures 6.
Design of three-dimensional imaging system based on SFM

For the prospects of three-dimensional reconstruction technology based on structure from motion in engineering application, a high-resolution and visible band imaging system has been designed and implemented. It consists of a 5k × 5k CMOS focal plane array detector made by the ON-SEMI company, an optical system and an electronics system designed by ourselves. The electronics system takes FPGA as the control and drive processor chip and is divided into three parts: a power management module, a detector module and an image processing module, capable of finishing image compression and transmission. A sequence of images for the target of long distance away is obtained from the imaging system and the images after cropping and segmentation, aiming at reducing calculation and excluding some points irrelevant with the target during reconstruction process, are took as input of structure from motion. Seeds from the match points expand from sparse points to dense points and the initial model of reconstruction target is achieved. The experiment results show that the imaging system meet the requirement of three-dimensional reconstruction in engineering application and a new novel imaging system design of graded resolution based on bionics is proposed.
Surface Properties of CVD-Grown Graphene Transferred by Wet and Dry Transfer Processes

Graphene, an atomically thin material, has unique electrical, mechanical, and optical properties that can enhance the performance of thin film-based flexible and transparent devices, including gas sensors. Graphene synthesized on a metallic catalyst must first be transferred onto a target substrate using wet or dry transfer processes; however, the graphene surface is susceptible to chemical modification and mechanical damage during the transfer. Defects on the graphene surface deteriorate its excellent intrinsic properties, thus reducing device performance. In this study, the surface properties of transferred graphene were investigated according to the transfer method (wet vs. dry) and characterized using atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. After the wet transfer process, the surface properties of graphene exhibited tendencies similar to the poly(methyl methacrylate) residue remaining after solvent etching. The dry-transferred graphene revealed a surface closer to that of pristine graphene, regardless of substrates. These results provide insight into the utilization of wet and dry transfer processes for various graphene applications.