Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Starchy foods in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Effects of food structure and composition on starch digestibility and the postprandial metabolic response

Consumption of starchy foods, such as bread and pasta, affects the glucose response in the blood after the meal. A repeated high glucose response may play a role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Development of starchy foods with slow starch digestibility (slow intestinal glucose release and thereby a low glucose response), is therefore essential. We compared several wheat products with different structures or ingredients. We found in healthy individuals however that a slow release of glucose from the pasta meal resulted in a similar glycemic response compared to bread with rapid starch digestibility. The slow glucose release after pasta additionally resulted in a low response of insulin and the gastrointestinal hormone GIP (which can potentiate the insulin response), resulting in more gradual uptake of glucose from the blood into tissues and a longer presence of glucose in the blood. These moderate underlying processes could also be beneficial in the prevention of insulin resistance and T2DM; glucose is not always a good reflection of these beneficial metabolic aspects. Consumption of a more compact structured bread (flat bread) gave a similar beneficial response, whereas the addition of special bran or broken wheat kernels to bread did not affect the glucose fluxes. However, the gut hormone GLP-1, relevant in the prevention and management of T2DM, seemed affected by the addition of wheat kernels, which deserves further research. Product modification, e.g. compact bread structure which could be obtained by traditional bread making, may affect the response after a meal and thereby play a role in the prevention of the development of T2DM.
Emerging Pathological Engagement of Ferroptosis in Gut Diseases

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is mainly characterized by chronic and progressive inflammation that damages the gastrointestinal mucosa. Increasing studies have enlightened that dysregulated cell death occurs in the inflamed sites, leading to the disruption of the intestinal barrier and aggravating inflammatory response. Ferroptosis, a newly characterized form of regulated cell death, is driven by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides catalyzed by cellular free iron. It has been widely documented that the fundamental features of ferroptosis, including iron deposition, GSH exhaustion, GPX4 inactivation, and lipid peroxidation, are manifested in the injured gastrointestinal tract in IBD patients. Furthermore, manipulation of the critical ferroptotic genes could alter the progression, severity, or even morbidity of the experimental colitis. Herein, we critically summarize the recent advances in the field of ferroptosis, focusing on interpreting the potential engagement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of IBD. Moreover, we are attempting to shed light on a perspective insight into the possibility of targeting ferroptosis as novel therapeutic designs for the clinical intervention of these gastrointestinal diseases.
Environnement

En application des articles L. 412-1 et L. 621-8 du Code monétaire et financier, ainsi que des articles 211-1 à 217-1 de son Règlement général, l’Autorité des marchés financiers a apposé sur le présent prospectus le visa nTM 08-127, en date du 13 juin 2008. Le présent prospectus a été établi par SUEZ et SUEZ Environnement Company et engage la responsabilité de ses signataires conformément à la Section 1 du présent prospectus. Ce visa a été attribué, conformément aux dispositions de l’article L. 621-8-1-I du Code monétaire et financier, après que l’AMF a vérifié si le document est complet et compréhensible et si les informations qu’il contient sont cohérentes. Il n’implique ni approbation de l’opportunité de l’opération, ni authentification des éléments comptables et financiers présentés. Il atteste que l’information contenue dans ce prospectus correspond aux exigences réglementaires en vue de l’admission ultérieure aux négociations sur le marché Euronext Paris des actions composant le capital de la société SUEZ Environnement Company.
Salt-based autopeering for DLT-networks

The security of any Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) depends on the safety of the network layer. Much effort has been put into understanding the consensus layer of DLTs. However, many network layer designs seem ad-hoc and lack a careful analysis of the influence of the design decisions on the whole DLT system. We propose a salt-based automated neighbor selection protocol that shows the inherent tradeoffs of certain design decisions and allows a quantitative treatment of some network topology requirements. This example may serve as a design framework and facilitate future research. We provide a selection of results from simulations to highlight some tradeoffs in the design decisions.
Highly Insulative PEG-Grafted Cellulose Polyurethane Foams—From Synthesis to Application Properties

In this paper, native cellulose I was subjected to alkaline treatment. As a result, cellulose I was transformed to cellulose II and some nanometric particles were formed. Both polymorphic forms of cellulose were modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and then used as fillers for polyurethane. Composites were prepared in a one-step process. Cellulosic fillers were characterized in terms of their chemical (Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy) and supermolecular structure (X-ray diffraction), as well as their particle size. Investigation of composite polyurethane included measurements of density, characteristic processing times of foam formation, compression strength, dimensional stability, water absorption, and thermal conductivity. Much focus was put on the application aspect of the produced insulation polyurethane foams. It was shown that modification of cellulosic filler with poly(ethylene glycol) has a positive influence on formation of polyurethane composites—if modified filler was used, the values of compression strength and density increased, while water sorption and thermal conductivity decreased. Moreover, it was proven that the introduction of cellulosic fillers into the polyurethane matrix does not deteriorate the strength or thermal properties of the foams, and that composites with such fillers have good application potential.
Characterization of Escherichia coli from Edible Insect Species: Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Isolate

Insects as novel foods are gaining popularity in Europe. Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 laid the framework for the application process to market food insects in member states, but potential hazards are still being evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate samples of edible insect species for the presence of antimicrobial-resistant and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Twenty-one E. coli isolates, recovered from samples of five different edible insect species, were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR-based phylotyping, and macrorestriction analysis. The presence of genes associated with antimicrobial resistance or virulence, including stx1, stx2, and eae, was investigated by PCR. All isolates were subjected to genome sequencing, multilocus sequence typing, and serotype prediction. The isolates belonged either to phylogenetic group A, comprising mostly commensal E. coli, or group B1. One O178:H7 isolate, recovered from a Zophobas atratus sample, was identified as a STEC. A single isolate was resistant to tetracyclines and carried the tet(B) gene. Overall, this study shows that STEC can be present in edible insects, representing a potential health hazard. In contrast, the low resistance rate among the isolates indicates a low risk for the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli to consumers.
Correlated low temperature states of YFe2Ge2 and pressure metallised NiS2

While the free electron model can often be surprisingly successful in describing properties of solids, there are plenty of materials in which interactions between electrons are too significant to be neglected. These strongly correlated systems sometimes exhibit rather unexpected, unusual and useful phenomena, understanding of which is one of the aims of condensed matter physics. Heat capacity measurements of paramagnetic YFe2Ge2 give a Sommerfeld coefficient of about 100 mJ mol−1 K−2, which is about an order of magnitude higher than the value predicted by band structure calculations. This suggests the existence of strong electronic correlations in the compound, potentially due to proximity to an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point (QCP). Existence of the latter is also indicated by the non-Fermi liquid T 3/2 behaviour of the low temperature resistivity. Below 1.8 K a superconducting phase develops in the material, making it a rare case of a non-pnictide and non-chalcogenide iron based superconductor with the 1-2-2 structure. This thesis describes growth and study of a new generation of high quality YFe2Ge2 samples with residual resistance ratios reaching 200. Measurements of resistivity, heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility confirm the intrinsic and bulk character of the superconductivity, which is also argued to be of an unconventional nature. In order to test the hypothesis of the nearby QCP, resistance measurements under high pressure of up to 35 kbar have been conducted. Pressure dependence of the critical temperature of the superconductivity has been found to be rather weak. μSR measurements have been performed, but provided limited information due to sample inhomogeneity resulting in a broad distribution of the critical temperature. While the superconductivity is the result of an effective attraction between electrons, under different circumstances the electronic properties of a system can instead be dictated by the Coulomb repulsion. This is the case for another transition metal based compound NiS2, which is a Mott insulator. Applying hydrostatic pressure of about 30 kbar brings the material across the Mott metal-insulator transition (MIT) into the metallic phase. We have used the tunnel diode oscillator (TDO) technique to measure quantum oscillations in the metallised state of NiS2, making it possible to track the evolution of the principal Fermi surface and the associated effective mass as a function of pressure. New results are presented which access a wider pressure range than previous studies and provide strong evidence that the effective carrier mass diverges close to the Mott MIT, as expected within the Brinkman-Rice scenario and predicted in dynamical mean field theory calculations. Quantum oscillations have been measured at pressures as close to the insulating phase as 33 kbar and as high as 97 kbar. In addition to providing a valuable insight into the mechanism of the Mott MIT, this study has also demonstrated the potential of the TDO technique for studying materials at high pressures.
Multiplex real-time PCR assay combined with rolling circle amplification (MPRP) using universal primers for non-invasive detection of tumor-related mutations

With the continuous development and application of targeted drugs, it is particularly desirable to find a non-invasive diagnostic approach to screen patients for precision treatment. Specifically, detection of multiple cancer-related mutations is very important for targeted therapy and prediction of drug resistance. Although numerous advanced PCR methods have been developed to discriminate single nucleotide polymorphisms, their drawbacks significantly limit their application, such as low sensitivity and throughput, complicated operations, and expensive costs. In order to overcome these challenges, in this study, we developed a method combining multiplex and sensitive real-time PCR assay with rolling circle amplification. This allows specific and sensitive discrimination of the single nucleotide mutation and provides convenient multiplex detection by real-time PCR assay. The clinical potential of the MPRP assay was further demonstrated by comparing samples from 8 patients with a digital PCR assay. The coincident results between these two methods indicated that the MPRP assay can provide a specific, sensitive, and convenient method for multiplex detection of cancer-related mutations.
Analytical Drain-Current Model and Surface-Potential Calculation for Junctionless Cylindrical Surrounding-Gate MOSFETs

In this paper, we propose an analytical drain-current model for long-channel junctionless (JL) cylindrical surrounding-gate MOSFET (SRG MOSFET). It is based on surface-potential solutions obtained from Poisson’s equation using some approximations and separate conditions. Furthermore, analytical compact expressions of the drain-current have been derived for deep depletion, partial depletion, and accumulation mode. The confrontation of the model with TCAD simulation results, performed with Silvaco Software, proves the validity and the accuracy of the developed model
Infants’ attention to eyes is an independent, heritable trait predicting later verbal competence

From birth, infants orient preferentially to faces, and when looking at the face, they attend primarily to eyes and mouth – two areas that convey different types of information. Here, in a sample of 535 5-month-old infant twins, we assessed eye (relative to mouth) preference in early infancy. Eye preference was independent from all other concurrent traits measured, and had a moderate-to-high contribution from genetic influences (A = .57; 95% CI: .45, .66). Preference for eyes over mouth at 5 months predicted higher parent ratings of verbal competence in toddlerhood, but did not predict autistic traits. These results suggest that variation in eye looking reflects a type of biological niche picking emerging before infants can select their environments by other means (crawling or walking).
Predictors of Change in Dyspnea Level in Acute Exacerbations of COPD

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify factors related to changes in dyspnoea level in the acute and short-term periods after acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This was a prospective cohort study of patients with symptoms of acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation who attended one of 17 hospitals in Spain between June 2008 and September 2010. Clinical data and patient reported measures (dyspnoea level, health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression levels, capacity to perform physical activity) were collected from arrival to the emergency department up to a week after the visit in discharged patients and to discharge in admitted patients (short term). Main outcomes were time course of dyspnoea over the acute (first 24 hours) and short-term periods, mortality and readmission within 2 months of the index episode. Changes in dyspnoea in both periods were related capacity to perform physical activity as well as clinical variables. Short-term changes in dyspnoea were also related to dyspnoea at 24 hours after the ED visit, and anxiety and depression levels. Dyspnoea worsening or failing to improve over the studied periods was associated with poor clinical outcomes. Patient-reported measures are predictive of changes in dyspnoea level.
Ivermectin for COVID-19: Addressing Potential Bias and Medical Fraud

Abstract Ivermectin has become a controversial potential medicine for coronavirus disease 2019. Some early studies suggested clinical benefits in treatment of infection. However, the body of evidence includes studies of varying quality. Furthermore, some trials have now been identified as potentially fraudulent. We present a subgroup meta-analysis to assess the effects of stratifying by trial quality on the overall results. The stratification is based on the Cochrane Risk of Bias measures and raw data analysis where possible. The results suggest that the significant effect of ivermectin on survival was dependent on largely poor-quality studies. According to the potentially fraudulent study (risk ratio [RR], 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02–0.35), ivermectin improved survival ~12 times more in comparison with low-risk studies (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.56–1.66). This highlights the need for rigorous quality assessments, for authors to share patient-level data, and for efforts to avoid publication bias for registered studies. These steps are vital to facilitate accurate conclusions on clinical treatments.
Communal coping manifested in daily Life: A focus on gender

Communal coping consists of a shared appraisal of a stressor and collaborative efforts to manage it. There has been a wealth of literature linking communal coping to relationship and health outcomes, but there is little research on the context in which communal coping occurs or how communal coping is manifested in daily life. The first and second study goals were to examine the implications of gender for the components of communal coping (shared appraisal, collaboration) and for potential manifestations of communal coping in daily life (e.g., shared meals). Our third study goal was to examine whether shared appraisal and collaboration in the context of diabetes generalized to another domain—household chore distribution—and whether these relations were moderated by gender. As an exploratory goal, we examined intersections of gender with race. Participants were 203 couples in which one person had been recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Shared appraisal and collaboration were assessed with multiple methods. Results showed greater shared appraisal and collaboration when patients were male than when they were female. This finding extended to some, but not all, of the daily life behaviors. Actor–partner interdependence models showed that the relations of actor and partner shared appraisal to household labor depended on both role (patient, spouse) and gender; relations of actor and partner collaboration depended only on role. Findings were not moderated by race. These results highlight the need to consider gender in the context of communal coping.
NUMERICAL METHODS FOR THE SIMULATION OF SEGMENTED CHIPS AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION IN MACHINING OF TI-6AL-4V

The simulation of machining processes holds the opportunity for process improvement on many levels. Possible benefits that can be derived from accurate representations of the real processes on the tool from simulations include a prediction of tool wear, the shape of the chips produced, the forces, frictions and temperatures that arise and the residual stresses in the workpiece. These predictions can be used to improve the process in terms of its economic and ecological behaviour: Increasing the service life of the tools used through an improved understanding of the tool-workpiece interaction. The finite element method (FEM), among others, has emerged as a common method for simulating these processes. When simulating machining processes using FEM, a major challenge is to avoid or compensate for the mesh distortions caused by the massive, fast-moving deformation processes, but at the same time to allow the mesh to be discretised in some way to ensure chip removal. To this end, various approaches will be presented in the course of this work and the mesh-based approaches will be explored in depth. Among other things, a remeshing approach for these investigations was developed. The machining of TI6AL4V is used to illustrate these approaches, as its tendency to form segmented chips is particularly challenging to model.
FLHex: a flapped-paddle hexapod for all-terrain amphibious locomotion

This paper presents the design of a versatile mechanism that can enable new directions in amphibious, all-terrain locomotion. The simple, passive, flapped-paddle can be integrated with several structures that are well-suited for locomotion in terrestrial applications. The flapped-paddle overcomes a serious limitation of the conventional flipper where the net lateral forces generated during oscillatory motion in aquatic environments averages out to zero. The flapped-paddle and its mounting, collectively, rests in natural positions in the aquatic environment so as to maximize hydrodynamic force utilization and consequently the propulsive efficiency. The simplicity of the design enabled us to develop a simulation model that concurs well with experimental results. The results reported in the paper are based on integrating the flapped-paddle with the curved leg of the RHex hexapod robot.
Synthesis and Effect of the Structure of Bithienyl-Terminated Surfactants for Dielectric Layer Modification in Organic Transistor

A series of bithienyl-terminated surfactants with various alkyl chain lengths (from C8 to C13) and phosphono or chlorodimethylsilyl anchoring groups were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed hydrophosphonation, or platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation as a key step. Surfactants were tested in pentacene or α-sexithiophene-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) for the modification of the dielectric surface. The studied surfactants increased the effective mobility of the α-sexithiophene-based device by up to one order of magnitude. The length of alkyl chain showed to be significant for the pentacene-based device, as the effective mobility only increased in the case of dielectric modification with bithienylundecylphosphonic acid. AFM allowed a better understanding of the morphology of semiconductors on bare SiO2 and surfaces treated with bithienylundecylphosphonic acid.
The syn‐rift tectono‐stratigraphic record of rifted margins (Part II): A new model to break through the proximal/distal interpretation frontier

One fundamental lesson from the last decade's research into rifted margins is that stratigraphic horizons cannot be simply correlated from the proximal into distal domain, which makes the interpretation of poorly calibrated and largely inaccessible distal margins difficult. In this contribution, we propose a new tectono‐stratigraphic model to help break through the proximal/distal interpretation frontier. After reviewing the scientific advances on rifted margins achieved during the last century, we describe the primary spatio‐temporal evolution of active deformation during rifting. We show that different rift domains are associated with specific (1) periods of active deformation; (2) tectonic structures and related stratigraphic architecture; (3) amounts of accommodation creation owing to specific ranges of horizontal widening and vertical deepening and (4) depositional environments. We demonstrate that the sequential localization of extension during rifting results in a younging of the base of passive infill (i.e. sediment deposited in a non‐tectonic setting) oceanward. We propose a panel of few to few tens of My time intervals related to specific tectonic events—our Tectonic Sequences—that may be correlated more or less easily and continuously across rifted margins. This study underlines the value of an iterative approach between fieldwork on fossil rifted margins and offshore geophysical studies, where field studies offer easy‐to‐access and high‐resolution calibration of dismembered rifted margin remnants, while geophysical studies provide comparatively low‐resolution imaging of entire, intact but largely inaccessible, rifted margins. It also highlights the necessity of jettisoning outdated dogma on rifted margins and changing our routines when interpreting seismic sections and outcrops.