Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Document Text Summarization Based on Semantic Clustering and Selection of Representative Sentences Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Information in the form of online news texts has become one of the most important in this information age. There is a lot of online news that is produced every day, but this news often provides the same contextual content but with a different narrative. This makes it difficult for readers to get complete information. Therefore, we need a solution that can retrieve information in several online news texts to be more effective and efficient in the form of summarizing multi-document texts. In this research, extraction summarization is used, which is to arrange the sentences in the source document to a shorter form. The methods used are Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and Similarity-Based Histogram Clustering (SHC) to create semantic sentence clusters and the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method to select representative sentences from the formed clusters. Recall-Oriented Understanding Testing for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) is used to measure test results. The proposed methods can reach a ROUGE-1 multi-F-measure value of 0.481.
Toxicity of the Hydroethanolic Leaves Extract of Duranta erecta L. in Rat Models

Background and Objectives: Duranta erecta is used in folklore medicine for the treatment of myriad of diseases in Africa. The study was carried out to evaluate the safety of hydroethanolic leaves extract of D. erecta in experimental rats in order to ascertain its potential toxic effects. Materials and Methods: The acute toxicity study was performed by fixed dose method at 5000 mg/kg. In the subacute study performed on both male and female rats, group I (control) received 1 mL of freshly distilled water, groups II, III, IV were treated with 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of freshly prepared extract respectively for 28 days. At the end of the study, haematological and biochemical Original Research Article Donkor et al.; JPRI, 32(6): 9-18, 2020; Article no.JPRI. 55990 10 parameters were determined. Internal organs (kidney, liver, lung, heart, spleen, stomach, testes and uterus) were weighed. Results: 50% lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined to be > 5 g/kg body weight. The subacute toxicity assessment resulted in overall body weight increase, a change in relative organ weight of the liver, lung, stomach, and changes in the haematological indices such as HCT%, LYM%, RDWSD/fL, MCHC, MCV/fL, P-LCR% and biochemical parameters namely ALT, AST, LDH and creatinine of the tested group relative to the normal. The positive activity of the extract on liver enzymes and LDH is an indication of its good hepatoprotective potential. Conclusion: The results affirmed that the extract is safe but could cause kidney problems when used for a prolonged period.
A Comparative Study of Weighting Methods for Local Reference Frame

In the field of photogrammetric engineering, computer vision, and graphics, local shape description is an active research area. A wide variety of local shape descriptors (LSDs) have been designed for different applications, such as shape retrieval, object recognition, and 3D registration. The local reference frame (LRF) is an important component of the LSD. Its repeatability and robustness directly influence the descriptiveness and robustness of the LSD. Several weighting methods have been proposed to improve the repeatability and robustness of the LRF. However, no comprehensive comparison has been implemented to evaluate their performance under different data modalities and nuisances. In this paper, we focus on the comparison of weighting methods by using six datasets with different data modalities and application contexts. We evaluate the repeatability of the LRF under different nuisances, including occlusion, clutter, partial overlap, varying support radii, Gaussian noise, shot noise, point density variation, and keypoint localization error. Through the experiments, the traits, advantages, and disadvantages of weighting methods are summarized.
Electrically Micro‐Polarized Amorphous Sodo‐Niobate Film Competing with Crystalline Lithium Niobate Second‐Order Optical Response

The design of active optical devices integrating second‐order nonlinear (SONL) optical responses typically relies on the use of dielectric crystalline materials such as lithium niobate (LN) or semiconductors such as GaAs. Despite high SONL susceptibilities, these materials present important geometry constrains inherent to their crystalline nature limiting the complexity of the designed photonic systems. Conversely, amorphous materials are versatile optical media compatible with broad platform designs possessing a wide range of optical properties attributable to their composition flexibility. Demonstrated here for the first time in an amorphous inorganic material, a magnitude of SONL optical susceptibility (χ(2) = 29 pm V−1 at 1.06 µm) comparable to that of LN single crystal is reported. By using a thermo‐electrical imprinting process, fine control of the induced uniaxial anisotropy is demonstrated at the micrometer scale. This work paves the way for the future design of integrated nonlinear photonic circuits based on amorphous inorganic materials enabled by the spatially selective and high SONL optical susceptibility of these promising and novel optical materials.
A 34-kilodalton polypeptide is associated with 1,3-β-ghican synthase activity from the fungus Saprolegnia monoica

Three major polypeptides of 34, 48 and 50 kDa which appear to copurify with 1,3-β-glucan synthase activity were isolated by glycerol gradient centrifugation of Chaps-solubilized proteins from the fungus Saprolegnia monoica. The antiserum produced against the 34-kDa polypeptide revealed by protein immunoblotting that this polypeptide copurified with 1,3-β-glucan synthase during enzyme purification. This antiserum adsorbs the enzymatic activity as well as the 48- and 50-kDa polypeptides. These results indicate that the 34-kDa peptide is a component of the multisubunit protein complex involved in 1,3-β-glucan synthase activity.
Ecology and Resource Partitioning among Nine Species of African Rain Forest Squirrels

Nine species of sympatric rain forest tree squirrels were studied in the field and in captivity at Makokou, Gabon. The findings on resource partitioning among them include: (1) two species are restricted to special habitat types. The other seven which commonly co—occur in the mature rain forest formation represent a maximum of taxonomic diversity. (2) Differential use of the vertical vegetation column divides these seven species into four essentially arboreal and three ground—foraging forms. (3) The species occupying a given foraging level and habitat differ in body size by approximately Hutchinson's ratio. Body size can act to partition fruit resources by size and hardness. (4) The squirrels are frugivores or omnivores; there are quantitative differences in diet between some species. These differences vary seasonally and may only be important during the most difficult season. (5) The four largest species have short active periods. I suggest that the greater species richness in African compared to Nearcti.
The production of bioluminescent lactic acid bacteria suitable for the rapid assessment of starter culture activity in milk

Promoter elements from Lactobacillus casei were isolated with an Escherichia coli promoter probe vehicle and inserted 5′ to the luxA/B genes from Vibrio fischeri located within a pCK1-based shuttle vector. Three independent promoter-lux constructs were each used to transform Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis by electroporation. Transformants of all three bacteria which expressed a bioluminescent phenotype in the presence of exogenous dodecanal were obtained. By virtue of monitoring changes in light production, these recombinant micro-organisms could form the basis of a rapid monitoring system for antimicrobial substances in milk active against starter culture bacteria. In addition, the research potential of in vivo bioluminescence for monitoring gene expression in lactic acid bacteria in situ within fermentation systems can now be addressed.
On Dynamic Service Function Chain Reconfiguration in IoT Networks

Network function virtualization (NFV) technology continues to gain more attention as a paradigm shift, and telecommunication services can be flexibly deployed and managed. Any service can be represented by a service function chain (SFC) that is a set of virtual network functions (VNFs) to be executed based on the strict order. The NFV-enabled SFCs applied in the future Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks emerge a challenging problem, particularly more and more IoT devices are trying to access their telecommunication services whenever and wherever, SFCs are needed to be dynamically and adaptively reconfigured, thus adapting to the service requests’ dynamics for lower resource consumption and higher revenue for Internet service providers (ISPs). In this article, we study the SFC dynamic reconfiguration problem (SFC-DRP) in the IoT networks, a discrete-time Markov decision process (DTMDP)-based IoT SFC-DRP is formulated by guaranteeing the QoS and resource constraints. We subsequently propose a novel deep Dyna-Q (DDQ) approach to solve this model. Our proposal has been evaluated with the obtained results demonstrating an average CPU root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.17, compared to 0.75 obtained while using the original approach. Moreover, our proposed SFC reconfiguration technique can approximate the performance of the integer linear programming (ILP) model within a polynomial time, and outperform the existing benchmarks in terms of the reconfiguration overhead and the resource utilization ratio from service provisioning, respectively.
Hábitos alimentarios de individuos inmaduros de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera y Trichoptera en la parte media de un río tropical de montaña

Morphological and behavioral aspects of insects allow their grouping in trophic guilds and represent their dependence on food resources. We determined the feeding habits of immature organisms of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) from the middle reaches of Gaira stream (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia), using gut content analysis. We identified 13 EPT genera, but only ten were analyzed for a total of 100 organisms. We describe six food items: animal parts (AP), vascular plant tissue (VPT), microalgae (M), fungi (F), coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). Baetodes was determined to be a collector-scraper, since FPOM represented 46.6% of food content, followed by F (38.4%). Chimarra , Leptohyphes , Lachlania, and Thraulodes were categorized as collectors with average proportions of FPOM 86.8%, 93.1%, 93.1% and 93.7%, respectively. Phylloicus , Smicridea and Leptonema were main consumers of VPT and CPOM with proportions of 76.3%, 54.6%, and 62.4%, respectively; while ratios of FPOM were 22.3%, 38.8%, and 32.9%, respectively. While all are detritivores, Phylloicus is functionally classified as shredders and Smicridea and Leptonema as collectors . Atopsyche and Anacroneuria were the only taxa in which AP were observed in high proportions, 57.9% and 58.2%, respectively, for that reason they were classified as predators. The organisms examined consume a wide variability of resources. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 2): 169-178. Epub 2014 April 01.
The Safety Potential of Lane Keeping Assistance and Possible Actions to Improve the Potential

Before widespread automated driving, driver assistance systems become more common and can deliver safety benefits. This study focuses on current and future lane keeping assistance (LKA) systems and their potential safety effects by analysing real-world crash data and LKA's possibilities to prevent fatal passenger car crashes. The analysed data includes in-depth analysis of 364 fatal head-on and single-vehicle crashes in Finland. According to statistical analysis, 27% of these crashes could potentially have been prevented had currently available LKA been deployed. In this study, many issues are examined related to the lane markings’ visibility, infrastructure, weather, and driver-related risks, which rationalise the results, compliment previous research, and highlight possibilities to increase the safety potential of LKA. Related to the lane markings’ visibility, safety potential could be improved by allocating more resources to road maintenance and to snow clearance. Advanced LKA enabling exploiting digital lane markings could hypothetically almost double the safety potential as weather conditions or the visibility of lane markings would not restrict LKA's operation. While the driver is still in charge of driving tasks, driver-related risks are difficult to manage and the crashes caused intendedly or due to driver's attack of illness are not preventable by current LKA systems.
The financing of SMEs in the Spanish tourism sector at the onset of the 2008 financial crisis: Lessons to learn?

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are a powerful economic engine in many European countries. Moreover, tourism SMEs are particularly important in the economies of countries in southern Europe due to the climate and sociodemographic situation, among other reasons. In Spain, specifically, these enterprises are a vital economic asset. Nonetheless, neither the importance of SMEs in the tourism industry nor the main factors that influence their capital structure have been sufficiently studied. We used panel data methodology with a regression model to analyse the capital structure of SMEs in the tourism sector at the onset of the 2008 financial crisis. Our results show the significance of SMEs within the tourism industry as well as the need to take into account the main factors that influence their capital, which are type (micro, small or medium enterprise), profitability, number of employees and size (logarithm of total assets). Furthermore, despite the robustness of these companies, they have been affected by the crisis. This study is of great interest as it provides indicators to understand the strength of tourist SMEs to confront potential crises.
Influence of soil microorganisms, allelopathy and soil origin on the establishment of the invasive Acacia dealbata

Background: The invasive success of Acacia dealbata is partially attributed to the release of allelopathic compounds and changes in soil characteristics. However, both mechanisms have been studied separately, which does not reflect field conditions. Aims: To test whether interactions of allelopathy, soil origin and soil microbiota affect plant germination and growth of A. dealbata. Methods: Soil sampling and collection of natural canopy leachates were conducted in Coimbra, Portugal. Germination and seedling growth were tested in sterilised and control soils from native forests and invasive acacia stands, watered either with acacia or native canopy leachates. Sapling growth was further studied in soils from native forests and invasive acacia stands. Results: No interaction between Acacia leachates and soil microbiota was detected. Leachates of A. dealbata had a negative effect on the growth of its own seedlings in native soils. Soil microbiota reduced seedling growth in native forests. Saplings of A. dealbata grew bigger in the invaded soil than in soil from native forests. Conclusions: Soil microorganisms have a positive effect on the initial establishment and growth of A. dealbata. The effect of Acacia leachates depends on the origin of the soil. Soil previously modified by A. dealbata seems to favour its own growth.
A histological description of ovarian recrudescence in two Labeo victorianus populations

The ovaries of Labeo victorianus are paired organs situated in the peritoneal cavity and suspended on either side of the midline by a mesovarium. A capsule, composed of dense, regularly-arranged collagen and elastic fibres mixed with a few smooth muscle cells, enclosed the ovaries and gave off connective tissue septa, forming the ovigerous lamellae, which contained germ and follicle cells. Eight discrete stages of recrudescence were identified: oogonia, chromatin nucleolar oocytes, perinucleolar oocytes, primary yolk vesicle oocytes, secondary yolk vesicle oocytes, tertiary yolk vesicle oocytes, post-ovulatory follicles and atretic oocytes. Ovulation seemed to be synchronised with the onset of rainfall, with some deviations in the Sio River population. Gonadosomatic index variation followed a bimodal pattern, with maxima between January–February and between September–October for both populations. The same pattern was exhibited for both rainfall and water levels at the two study sites. Successful ovulation was followed by the formation of post-ovulatory follicles and Type I atresia, while failed spawning was characterised by Type II atresia. Clearance of post-ovulatory follicles was by phagocytosis and formation of melanomacrophage centres. There were variations in post-ovulatory changes between the two populations. Reproductive patterns in the Kagera River population conformed to the 'norm' in African labeines of the synchronisation of spawning with rainfall. Slight deviations from this pattern were, however, observed in the Sio River population where spawning occurred prior to the onset of rainfall.
The semiotics of visual perception and the autonomy of pictorial text: Toward a semiotic pedagogy of the image

Abstract How does a picture teach a viewer to look at it, understand it, and make meaning? (The theoretical basis of this article and elements of its expression have been drawn from Peter Pericles Trifonas. (1998). “Cross-mediality and narrative textual form: A semiotic snalysis of the lexical and visual signs and codes of the picture bnook. ” Semiotica, 118 (1/2): 1–70 and Peter Pericles Trifonas. (2015). “Texts and images. ” In International handbook of semiotics, Vols. 1&2, edited by Peter Pericles Trifonas. The Netherlands: Springer. Pp. 1139–1154. ) The suggestion for a pictorial grammar has been derived from the fact that pictures have no unique visual metalanguage and therefore require recourse to language as an instrument for pictorial analysis. The lexical-visual relationship in a text is more complex than is suggested in the question. Proponents for the semiotic autonomy of pictures have objected that the commentaries of crossmedial contexts have not asserted the semiotic priority of the lexical over the visual message. ‘Is an autonomous semiotics of visual perception possible, or does the semiotic analysis of pictorial text always require recourse to the model of language? ’
Educar y evaluar en tiempos de Coronavirus: la situación en España

A raiz del estado de alarma, decretado por el COVID19 en Espana, se cerraron los centros educativos y se reorganizo el sistema educativo para que 10 millones de estudiantes pudieran continuar su educacion a distancia. En esta investigacion, de naturaleza exploratoria, se ha indagado la vision que tienen las familias y los propios estudiantes sobre las medidas educativas tomadas. 3400 personas contestaron una encuesta, cuyas respuestas fueron analizadas desde metodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. De los resultados se extraen cinco ideas fundamentales: 1) la brecha digital se suma y amplifica la brecha social; 2) las tecnologias, no son una alternativa a la relacion educativa presencial, pero son una herramienta cada vez mas enriquecedora; 3) es necesario repensar el actual curriculum enciclopedico para discriminar lo prescindible de lo imprescindible; 4) evaluar no es calificar, es entender como ha sido el proceso de aprendizaje para ayudar estudiante a seguir avanzando, y 5) es necesario “cuidar a las personas” y primar su bienestar integral.
Enhancements of pest risk analysis techniques

International, regional and national standards for plant health pest risk assessment and examples of their use from countries around the globe were examined together with similar documents from related fields such as animal health, nature conservation and genetically modified organism (GMO) assessment to determine how the consistency of assessing risk, or components of risk, within and between assessments is addressed. A range of approaches was identified that could be adopted and adapted for use in a revised decision support scheme for quarantine pests by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) to aid consistency. No single scheme contained a mechanism to ensure or guarantee consistency and no single scheme contained all of the approaches identified to maximize consistency. If the approach of using a five division scale to describe individual components that contribute to evaluating the overall pest risk is to be maintained in the EPPO scheme, then the primary needs required in the EPPO scheme to enhance consistency are (i) the provision of examples that describe divisions within the scales, or alternative but equivalent descriptors that allow assessors to distinguish between divisions, and (ii) a mechanism to combine risk elements in a consistent and transparent way. Features that would help inexperienced assessors include a clear structure, clear rating guidance, questions posed unambiguously, provision of standardized answers and an easily applicable method to interpret and summarize risk ratings. Beyond improvements to the EPPO scheme, assessors using the scheme will need training. Providing links to information and suggesting data sources that would help assessors answer questions would also be helpful (this is being addressed in Work Package 1 of PRATIQUE).
Mapping areas of asynchronous‐temporal interaction in animal‐telemetry data

Animal interactions are a crucial aspect of behavioral ecology that affect mating, territorial behavior, resource use, and disease spread. Commonly, animals will interact because of shared resources. Recent methods have used time geography to map landscape areas where interactions were possible. However, such methods do not identify areas of less direct interaction, like through smell or sight. These indirect or asynchronous interactions are also a crucial aspect of animal behavioral ecology and affect group behaviors such as leading/following hierarchies and joint resource use. Asynchronous interactions are difficult to map because they can occur in a synchronous space at asynchronous times, as well as in asynchronous spaces at a synchronous time. Here, we present a method termed the temporally asynchronous‐joint potential path area (ta‐jPPA) that maps areas of potential temporally asynchronous–spatially synchronous interactions. We used simulated data to statistically test ta‐jPPA and empirical data to demonstrate how ta‐jPPA can find patterns in habitat use.