Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UPDATED ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE-VITICULTURE STRUCTURE AND SUITABILITY IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES

While tremendous advances have occurred in spatial climate data products, no large-scale update to our understanding of climate-viticulture structure and suitability for the western US has be done in the last three decades. The goals of this research are to better document the climate structure in wine producing regions throughout California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho making comparisons between regions in the US and elsewhere in the world more realistic. The research utilizes the 1971-2000 PRISM 400m climate grids to assess four climate parameters commonly used to characterize climate suitability for viticulture and wine production: the Winkler Index (degree-days), the Huglin Index, the biologically effective degree-day index, and average growing season temperatures. The data are assessed and depicted as spatial averages of the climate parameters over 132 American Viticultural Areas in the western US. The method takes into account the entire region (not individual stations) and the relative relief of the growing regions to provide a much better representation of the spatial climate suitability in each region. The research also provides the first comprehensive comparison of the Huglin Index in the US and develops a greater latitudinal adjustment factor for calculating the index that can be applied elsewhere. The methods developed in this work are also being applied to other wine regions throughout the world (Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and South America) with the goal of producing a world-wide set of similar data from which appropriate climate comparisons can be made.
Taxing the Mining Sector to Reduce Unemployment and Inequality in Namibia : Would it Work ? PRELIMINARY VERSION :

In this paper we evaluate the effects of raising tax rates on extractive industries (e.g., diamond and uranium mining) on unemployment rates for skilled and unskilled labor in Namibia, and income inequality at the national level. Using a Social Accounting Matrix for Namibia in 2004 we built a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model that accounts for two types of labor and six types of households based on location and income source. We analyze several scenarios where tax rates on mining activities are increased in order to subsidize other industries which are more apt to employ unskilled workers to examine resultant effects on employment, GDP, household welfare, and inequality levels. The results suggest that the mining sector has a significant impact on the whole economy and the negative effects of raising tax rates for these industries generally exceeds any positive employment-related effects of subsidizing other industries. Although taxation of the mining sector increases the economic well-being of rural households in certain scenarios, inequality generally remains high.
P 1 . 5 ATMOSPHERIC FIELDS OVER A COASTAL TROPICAL CITY

Puerto Rico is the easternmost of the Greater ntilles. Its center is roughly located at 18.20 orth-latitude and 66 west-longitude. The island as almost a rectangle-like shape with a length of 80 km and 56 km width for a total area of 10,080 m. San Juan, its capital, has a metropolitan rea of ~3,000 km with over 2 million people ithin its boundaries. The city is located at the ortheastern coast of the island and is under the uasi-perennial influence of the synoptic scale rade winds, which blow mainly from the east to he east-northeast. The mesoscale sea-breeze irculation also modulates temperatures and flow ver the city, particularly during the summer, when rade winds are lighter and surface heating is reater. At smaller scales, however, observations ndicate that the large urban landscape and ontinued expansion might influence to some xtent local weather across the area. Figure 1 hows how surface temperatures for the month of anuary (one of the driest climatologically) have een increasing, albeit slightly (~0.035°C year), or the past several decades over the downtown ection of the city. Whether this is an island-wide elated trend caused by long time-scale limatological patterns or an urban-associated ncrease remains to be studied further. Data from the Advanced Very High Resolution adiometer (AVHRR), onboard a NOAA-Satellite, as retrieved to calculate the Normalized ifference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the pparent Surface Temperature (APST). The VHRR sensor is a broadband five-channel canner, which senses in the visible, near infrared,
A Multi-agent Based Cognitive Approach to Unsupervised Feature Extraction and Classification for Network Intrusion Detection

The importance of finding meaning in unstructured data is increasing. In the field of network intrusion detection, unsupervised learning from unlabeled data is of vital significance yet there is no universal technique for the purpose. Most approaches including unsupervised machine learning algorithms involve tedious efforts in terms of computational complexity on large amounts of data that needs additional preprocessing, and yet the accuracy of detection is not satisfactory. This work focuses on an automated, agent-based, nonsupervised, relatively uncomplicated cognitive approach that segregates attacks from normal events within the large search space with reduced computational demands. The algorithm presented collects features from statistical analysis of the observed attributes over each time-step (much like any intuitive learner would try to infer from a stream of unlabeled data) and uses machine learning to isolate the attack events from normal ones using an unsupervised k-means clustering algorithm over the reduced dataset. The computational load for central processing is further optimized by utilizing the agent based architecture where agents are deployed in hosts, and some processing is done at the host and the rest is performed by the node that performs the classification. With an increasing number of small device networks supporting IoT, mobile and sensor networks, demands for fast light weight machine learning models for unsupervised attack identification is a requirement. We validate our algorithm on two recent datasets with modern day attacks, and furthermore do a multi-scale analysis to locate the time-scale of attacks.
Combining a cognitive framework and a co-innovation research strategy to address water use efficiency

We describe the application of a cognitive tool, the Cynefin Framework (CF), in assisting researchers to recognise the level of complexity of their research and in choosing the most appropriate strategy to investigate their research topic. A case study of on-farm water use efficiency (WUE) is used to highlight the application of the cognitive tool to a complex research problem, and to define a research approach best suited to this problem. WUE has been considered as a simple problem, with solutions focussed on farm-scale technology transfer. Using CF we establish that WUE is in reality a complex problem, thus needing a more sophisticated research strategy such as co-innovation. Co-innovation is a multi-directional, multi-actor process best suited to addressing complex problems for greater impact. In this case, the impact included a change in the way the WUE issue was framed and the development of a new research approach. We conclude that, where a common public-good resource such as water is concerned, and where multiple values and interests exist, the research problem should be treated as complex and thus a co-innovation research strategy be pursued.
Semi-parametric Estimation of the Regression Function for Right-Censored Data

This article discusses the semi-parametric estimation of the regression function in situation of right-censored data. We present a new copula-based method to estimate the regression function. The key concept presented in this paper is to write the regression function in terms of copula and marginal distributions, and to substitute the marginal distribution of the response variable which is right-censored by an estimated distribution based on the product-limit estimator. We present the assumptions to be able to use our model and then, we derive asymptotic properties of our estimator and extend it to the multivariate case. We also provide a new method to avoid any problem of copula misspecification when the data come from an unknown distribution and, compare the performance of our estimator by simulations. Furthermore, we present two applications of the proposed technique: one to an heart transplant data set and another one to an insurance company losses and expenses for which our estimator gives good results.
Journal of Information Technology Impact

The adaptation of hypermedia educational systems to the specific needs of each of the students’ increases their functionality and their capabilities, in general. This paper presents issues related to the design and development of an adaptive hypermedia educational system for training adult employees via the Internet. More specifically, we present the structure of the system, i.e. the abstract machine, the trainer’s subsystem (interactive user interface), the student’s subsystem (adaptive hypermedia user interface, student’s model and profile, pedagogical module, evaluation module) and the navigation, storage and management module (knowledge base and hypermedia database).
The Meaningful Mixed Data TOPSIS (TOPSIS-MMD) Method and its Application in Supplier Selection

The growth in business is creating a demand for suitable materials, techniques, and research [36]. Selection among multiple discrete alternatives in real business world is a complex multidimensional problem including both qualitative and quantitative factors, such as human resources, operational and financial dimensions, which may be in conflict [35]. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method [12] is one of the well-known classical multiple criteria analysis methods [38]. The main idea of this method is to identify an alternative among a set of alternatives that should have the shortest Euclidean, City block, or Minkowski distance to the positive ideal solution (PIS), and the farthest distance from the negative ideal solution (NIS). The research is based on assumption, that in order to apply standard TOPSIS method, the initial values of attributes must be ratio scaled, monotonic increasing or decreasing, and have commensurable measurement units. This method makes full use of attribute information, provides a complete ranking of alternatives.
IMAGACT: Deriving an Action Ontology from Spoken Corpora

This paper presents the IMAGACT annotation infrastructure which uses both corpus-based and competence-based methods for the simultaneous extraction of a language independent Action ontology from English and Italian spontaneous speech corpora. The infrastructure relies on an innovative methodology based on images of prototypical scenes and will identify high frequency action concepts in everyday life, suitable for the implementation of an open set of languages .
Methods for Heterogeneous Channel Bonding

Channel bonding (CB) is a technique that enables a wireless l ink to combine channels and achieve higher data rates. In this paper, competition for efficient s pectrum access among autonomous users with heterogeneous CB capabilities is considered. Specific ally, we propose distributed and coordinated channel/bonding selection methods under signal-to-inter fer nce-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and collisionprotocol models. In our methods, users utilize only limited f edback to distributively arrive at CB selections that minimize their probability of conflict. The proposed method utilizes a novel channel quality metric, which is based on the ratio of noise power to the sum of interf er nce and noise power. It is shown that CB can lead to higher data rates, and it is most beneficial when users have a high SINR. However, it is also shown that as the ratio of user s to available channels increases, CB performance degrades. Our results show that under certai n scenarios, the proposed coordinated and distributed channel/bonding selection schemes help users converge fast to conflict-free channel selections as compared to the other channel/bonding selection schemes . Moreover, the proposed schemes result in considerably superior performance to existing CB schemes i n terms of network data rate.
HPLC high resolution orbitrap metabolomic fingerprinting of the nique species Ophryosporus triangularis Meyen from the Atacama esert , Northern Chile ario

High-resolution mass spectrometry is currently used to determine the mass of biologically active compounds in plants and UHPLC-Orbitrap is a relatively new technology that allows fast fingerprinting and metabolomics analysis. In this work, several phenolic compounds including eleven phenolic acids, two fatty acids, two chromones and fourteen flavones were rapidly identified in the methanolic extracts of aerial parts and flowers of the unique Chilean species Ophryosporus triangularis Meyen, Asteraceae, growing in the Atacama Desert by means of ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-PDA-OT-MS) for the first time. The UHPLC-MS fingerprint generated can be used for the rbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry lavonoids hilean plants
ACUTE MODERATE-SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

a traumatically induced structural injury and/or physiologic disruption of brain function as a result of an external force that is indicated by new onset or worsening of at least one of the following clinical signs, immediately following the event: any period of loss of or a decreased level of consciousness (LOC), any loss of memory for events immediately before or after the injury (post-traumatic amnesia [PTA]), any alteration in mental state at the time of the injury (confusion, disorientation, slowed thinking, etc.), neurologic deficits (weakness, loss of balance, change in vision, praxis, paresis/plegia, sensory loss, aphasia, etc.) that may or may not be transient, or intracranial lesion. (VA DoD, 2009)
Privacy Protection vs . Utility in Visual Data An Objective Evaluation Framework

Ubiquitous and networked sensors impose a huge challenge for privacy protection which has become an emerging problem of modern society. Protecting the privacy of visual data is particularly important due to the omnipresence of cameras, and various protection mechanisms for captured images and videos have been proposed. This paper introduces an objective evaluation framework in order to assess such protection methods. Visual privacy protection is typically realised by obfuscating sensitive image regions which often results in some loss of utility. Our evaluation framework assesses the achieved privacy protection and utility by comparing the performance of standard computer vision tasks, such as object recognition, detection and tracking on protected and unprotected visual data. The proposed framework extends the traditional frame-by-frame evaluation approach by introducing two new approaches based on aggregated and fused frames. We demonstrate our framework on eight differently protected video-sets and measure the trade-off between the improved privacy protection due to obfuscating captured image data and the degraded utility of the visual data. Results provided by our objective evaluation method are compared with an available state-of-the-art subjective study of these eight protection techniques.
The Mediating Role of Incumbent System Habit in the Relationship between Customers Perceived Value and Repurchase Intention in Smartphone Industry in Malaysia Septa

The increasing number of smartphone vendors have made the competition in smartphone industry becomes fiercer than before. The implementation of habit construct in the research model have recently gained increasing attention among the IT researchers. Despite preliminary literatures perceived consumer habit as determinant of repurchase behavior in digital context, majority of the studies have defined consumer habit from the perspective of situation of use, and still lack of research focusing on habit from the perspective of skill developed related to the system. This study therefore aims to provide research model investigating the mediating role of skill-based habit related to the system (incumbent system habit) in the relationship between customer perceived value and customer repurchase intention in smartphone context.
Testing Calibrateci Generai Equilibrium Models

This paper illustrates the philosophy which forms the basis of calibration exercises in generai equilibrium macroeconomic models and the details of the procedure, the advantages and the disadvantages of the approach, with particular reference to the issue of testing "false" economie models. We provide an overview of the most recent ·simulation-based approaches to the testing problem and compare them to standard econometrie methods used to test the fit of non-linear dynamic generai equilibrium models. We illustrate how simulation-based techniques can be used to formally evaluate the fit of a calibrateci model to the data and obtain ideas on how to improve the model design using a standard problem in the international real business cycle literature, i.e. whether a model with complete financial markets and no restrictions to capitai mobility is able to reproduce the second order properties of aggregate saving and aggregate investment in an open economy.
The Size of Informal Economy in Pakistan SBP Working Paper Series

This paper estimates the size of informal economy in Pakistan by using monetary approach with some modifications, electricity consumption approach and MIMIC model. Under monetary approach, we take care of the issue of the stationarity of variables and use autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model instead of simple OLS and add education as an additional factor affecting the size of informal economy along with some other technical improvements in the standard monetary models. The electricity consumption approach and MIMIC models are used for the first time in case of Pakistan. The results show that the informal economy in Pakistan has been about 30 percent of the total economy which declined considerably in 2000s. Currently, about 20 percent of the economic transactions are taking place in the informal sector. JEL Codes: C10, E26
Quantitative force measurements with optical tweezers : The

Optical tweezers methodology has developed from proof-ofprinciple experiments to an established quantitative technique in fields ranging from (bio)physics through cell biology. As the name suggests, optical tweezers are a means to manipulate objects with light. With this technique, microscopically small objects can be held and manipulated. At the same time, the forces exerted on the trapped objects can be accurately measured. The basic physical principle underlying optical tweezers is the radiation pressure exerted by light when colliding with matter. For macroscopic objects, the radiation pressure exerted by typical light sources is orders of magnitude too small to have any measurable effect: we do not feel the light power of the sun pushing us away. However, for objects of microscopic dimensions (<100 μm) radiation pressure can have considerable effects. When tightly focusing a laser beam, using for example a microscope objective as a lens, the focus can be used to trap small objects in three dimensions: one speaks of an optical trap or optical tweezers. Optical tweezers have been used extensively not only to manipulate biomolecules and cells, but also to directly and accurately measure the minute forces (on the order of fractions of picoNewtons) involved. Most often, the biomolecules of interest are not trapped themselves directly, but manipulated through functionalized microspheres. The correct physical description of optical trapping depends on the size of the trapped object. One speaks of the ‘rayoptics’ regime when the object’s dimension d is much larger than the wavelength of the trapping light: d>>λ. In this case, diffraction effects can be neglected and the trapping forces of the light can be understood in terms of ray optics. The regime where d<<λ is called the Rayleigh regime. In this case, the trapped particles can be treated as point dipoles, as the electromagnetic field is constant on the scale of the particle. Obviously, if the laser is not focused, the particle will be propelled away due to the forward radiation pressure caused by light scattering. In the ray-optics regime, the origin of the trapping force can be intuitively understood in terms of refraction of light rays between media with different indices of refraction. Figure 1 qualitatively depicts the origin of the trapping forces in this
ABL KINASE DOMAIN MUTATIONS AS A MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE TO TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS IN PHILADELPHIA-POSITIVE LEUKEMIAS: BIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND PROGNOSTIC RELEVANCE

The Philadelphia chromosome: the molecular signature of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and of some acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) . 1 The Bcr-Abl fusion protein: the pathogenetic principle of CML and Ph+ ALL.3 The Bcr-Abl inhibitor imatinib mesylate: the first example of targeted molecular therapy . 7 Resistance to imatinib: incidence and mechanisms . 11 Therapeutic strategies to address imatinib-resistant disease.16 Tables.21 Figures . 23
Isolation and characterization of sulfonamide-degrading bacteria Escherichia sp . HS 21 and Acinetobacter sp . HS 51

With the intensive application of sulfonamides in aquaculture and animal husbandry and the increase of sulfonamides discharged into the environments, there is an increasing need to find a way to remediate sulfonamidecontaminated environments. Two bacterial strains capable of degrading sulfonamides, HS21 and HS51, were isolated from marine environments. HS21 and HS51 were identified as members of Escherichia sp. and Acinetobacter sp. , respectively, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Degradation of each sulfonamide by Escherichia sp. HS21 and Acinetobacter sp. HS51 was characterized using capillary electrophoresis. About 66 or 72% of sulfapyridine and 45 or 67% of sulfathiazole contained in the media was degraded by Escherichia sp. HS21 or Acinetobacter sp. HS51, respectively, after incubation for 2 days. The supernatant from culture of Escherichia sp. HS21 or Acinetobacter sp. HS51 grown in sulfapyridine or sulfathiazole contained media had much attenuated cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. These results suggest that Escherichia sp. HS21 and Acinetobacter sp. HS51 are new bacterial resources for biodegrading sulfonamides and indicate the potential of isolated strains for the bioremediation of sulfonamide-polluted environments.
The Comparability of Outcome Feedback Towards Experience on Internal Control Learning

This study compares the judgment performance of inexperienced auditor who learns internal control audit assignment from outcome feedback review and experienced auditor on internal control audit assignment. The comparison is based on: (1) the previous studies having revealed that learning from experience generates expectation and perception that deteriorate the judgment accuracy of auditor and (2) different learning method that enhances the different level of the knowledge structure. Outcome feedback learning provides a review for the judgment performance of auditor and can improve the accuracy of inexperienced auditor’s performance on internal control audit assignment. This study uses experimental method and survey, and then, the comparison both of subjects supports the advantage of outcome feedback learning method through different level of internal control knowledge structure. The result contributes to the important role of learning method that provides a review process in auditor’s judgment to encourage the suitable knowledge structure of auditor to audit assignment requirement.