Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weather and prey availability affect the timing of fall migration of Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) from Great Salt Lake

ABSTRACT Great Salt Lake (GSL) is a critical migratory stopover location for Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis), but the factors influencing the timing of their fall migration have not previously been investigated. We used archived Doppler radar data to visualize the nocturnal departures of Eared Grebes from GSL over 16 years, from 1999–2015. We used generalized linear models (GLMs) to examine interannual variability in the timing of migration of Eared Grebes in relation to prey availability and lake temperature, as well as variation in the nightly departure likelihoods of Eared Grebes in relation to weather. On average, Eared Grebes departed from GSL over a period of 31 days each year, with departures occurring on 17 of those days. We did not find any trend toward earlier departures over the years of the study. Departures typically began earlier in the year when densities of brine shrimp adults (Artemia franciscana) were higher than average, densities of brine shrimp cysts were lower than average, and lake temperatures were warmer than average. The span of migration departures was most strongly related to the day of first departure, with longer spans occurring in years with an earlier migration initiation day. We also found that likelihood of departure from GSL was greater on nights with high barometric pressure and low lake temperature. High barometric pressure was related to low wind speeds and low incidence of precipitation. We concluded that Eared Grebes depart when they have gained sufficient mass to successfully migrate rather than lingering at GSL for as long as possible, and that migration departure is most likely on nights with fair weather.
GDBAlive: A Temporal Graph Database Built on Top of a Columnar Data Store

Although graph databases have extensively found applications in the relationship-centered era, a time-version support is seldom provided. While current storage systems capture the most recently updated snapshot of the underlying graph, most real world graphs embed a dynamic behavior translating the fact that vertices or edges can join or leave the graph at any time instant. Regarding that, a graph database should faithfully maintain the state of every graph's element permitting the analysis and prediction of the underlying system's performance. Since physical deletions are forbidden in such a scenario, the outgrowing size of data is a crippling restriction steering the interest in this area towards the optimization of the persistent storage. However, capturing and storing the state of the graph as full snapshots adds a storage overhead traded by faster query responses. Accordingly, the choice of an appropriate storage engine should be adapted with the threshold of accepted query latencies and the available storage resources. This paper will recognize the anterior academic work in the era of temporal graph databases while highlighting the existing tradeoff between storage and computation time costs. The implementation of GDBAlive, a temporal graph database using two state-of-the-art techniques Copy+Log and Log, is provided relying on a robust column oriented data store. In order to optimize the responsiveness of temporal queries in terms of computation times, we will introduce two fetching strategies "AsyncFS" and "Forced Fetch" and prove their efficiency on a real dataset.
XLVII. Electron impact excitation of Ni III

This paper reports R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation rates for Ni III. The calculation includes 70 LS terms corresponding to the configurations 3d, 3d4s, 3d4p, and 3d4s. This expansion results in 162 fine structure levels and 13 041 transitions, including optical, infrared, and ultraviolet lines. The collision strengths, including detailed resonance structures, were integrated over a Maxwellian distribution of electron energies and the resulting effective collision strengths are given for a wide range of temperatures. A collisionalradiative equilibrium model of the Ni III ion is constructed and the strongest lines in the optical and infrared spectral regions are identified. The emissivities of these lines and emissivity line ratio diagnostics are presented.
Significant Loss of Macronutrients During Passage Through Feeding Tube: An Observational Study

Objective: Feeding infants born before week 34 of gestation is based mainly on providing nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal tract through a nasogastric tube. Little is known about the impact of formulas passage through nasogastric tube on their macronutrient content. The aim of our study was to evaluate changes in macronutrient content of various formulas after transfer through a feeding tube. Methods: Eleven frequently used formulas were chosen. Ten consecutive measurements were performed for each formula. Simulated real-life practice tube feeding was performed by using an infusion pump connected to a feeding tube. A Human Milk Analyzer, using an infrared spectroscopy method, was used to compare the preinfusion and postinfusion macronutrient contents of the different formulas. Results: A total of 220 measurements were performed. Variations in at least one macronutrient were observed in 5 out of 10 formulas. Fat and energy content were modified in 1 preterm formula. Conclusions: Changes in the macronutrient content after tube feeding transfer were observed for some infant formulas, including those designed for very low birth weight infants. These alterations might relate to specific formulation of each formula. The biological significance of our results to the very low birth weight infants should be studied further.
An Optimized Compression Strategy for Compressor-Based Approximate Multiplier

Approximate multipliers have recently attracted great attention due to their substantially lower energy consumption and area overhead. But previous approximate multiplier designs are mainly focused on the design of approximate compressors, little attention is paid to the compression strategy of partial product matrix. This paper proposes an optimized universal compression scheme for the compressor-based approximate multiplier. When we apply the new compression scheme to the state-of-the-art compressors, the accuracy of the approximate multiplier is largely increased and fewer exact adders are needed. To prove the efficiency of the new compression strategy, an 8-bit and a 12-bit approximate multipliers are designed using Verilog and synthesized under the TSMC 40-nm CMOS technology. Compared to the state-of-the-art, the experimental results indicate that the mean error distance of 8-bit multiplier decreases by 19.6%, with area and power reduced by 5.38% and 2.38% respectively; 12-bit multiplier has a reduction of 18.1% for mean error distance, with area and power reduced by 6.29% and 3.24% respectively. Moreover, application to image processing is presented, which shows that the proposed approximate multiplier has a better performance.
Illuminating elite patches of chemical space

In the past few years, there has been considerable activity in both academic and industrial research to develop innovative machine learning approaches to locate novel, high-performing molecules in chemical space. Here we describe a new and fundamentally different type of approach that provides a holistic overview of how high-performing molecules are distributed throughout a search space. Based on an open-source, graph-based implementation [J. H. Jensen, Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 3567–3572] of a traditional genetic algorithm for molecular optimisation, and influenced by state-of-the-art concepts from soft robot design [J. B. Mouret and J. Clune, Proceedings of the Artificial Life Conference, 2012, pp. 593–594], we provide an algorithm that (i) produces a large diversity of high-performing, yet qualitatively different molecules, (ii) illuminates the distribution of optimal solutions, and (iii) improves search efficiency compared to both machine learning and traditional genetic algorithm approaches.
Transcriptomics reveals specific molecular mechanisms underlying transgenerational immunity in Manduca sexta

Abstract The traditional view of innate immunity in insects is that every exposure to a pathogen triggers an identical and appropriate immune response and that prior exposures to pathogens do not confer any protective (i.e., adaptive) effect against subsequent exposure to the same pathogen. This view has been challenged by experiments demonstrating that encounters with sublethal doses of a pathogen can prime the insect's immune system and, thus, have protective effects against future lethal doses. Immune priming has been reported across several insect species, including the red flour beetle, the honeycomb moth, the bumblebee, and the European honeybee, among others. Immune priming can also be transgenerational where the parent's pathogenic history influences the immune response of its offspring. Phenotypic evidence of transgenerational immune priming (TGIP) exists in the tobacco moth Manduca sexta where first‐instar progeny of mothers injected with the bacterium Serratia marcescens exhibited a significant increase of in vivo bacterial clearance. To identify the gene expression changes underlying TGIP in M. sexta, we performed transcriptome‐wide, transgenerational differential gene expression analysis on mothers and their offspring after mothers were exposed to S. marcescens. We are the first to perform transcriptome‐wide analysis of the gene expression changes associated with TGIP in this ecologically relevant model organism. We show that maternal exposure to both heat‐killed and live S. marcescens has strong and significant transgenerational impacts on gene expression patterns in their offspring, including upregulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein, toll‐like receptor 9, and the antimicrobial peptide cecropin.
Correlation and path coefficient analysis of top-cross and three-way cross hybrid maize populations

1 Crop Improvement Program, Rokupr Agricultural Research Center, Rokupr Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute, PMB 1313, Tower Hill, Freetown, Sierra Leone. 2 Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, College of Plant Science and Crop Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. 3 Maize Improvement Program, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria. 4 Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates

Salmonella spp. is the most frequently isolated foodborne pathogens causing human and animal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the molecular typing of 200 Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from the patients’ stools between 2016 and 2019 in Turkey. The isolates were examined for antibiotic susceptibility patterns (21 antimicrobial agents) by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method or molecular typing by Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profiling. Although all isolates were susceptible to four antibiotics (suphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and trimethoprim), all were resistant to 15 different antibiotics. In the PFGE study performed with XbaI enzyme, all isolates were found to be related to each other according to similarity rates of 85% and above. There were two major clones, clone A and B. Clone A was divided into 6 pulsotypes (A1-A2-A3-A4-A5-A6) and clone B was divided into 3 pulsotypes (B1-B2-B3). Clone A had 87% similarity and Clone B had 90% similarity. The clustering rate was 86% (172/200). All isolates harboured 1-4 plasmid ranging in size from 2.5 to 57 kb and showed 6 plasmid profiles (P1-P6). All isolates carried the 57 kb plasmid individually or in combination with other plasmids. Most of the isolates 136 (68%) had P2 profile. Our findings indicate that the majority of all isolates were clonally related and had cross contamination problems. In this study, the importance of molecular typing methods in order to take more effective protection and control measures against Salmonella has been demonstrated and proposed to use such methods.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the Ptychobarbus chungtienensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Ptychobarbus chungtienensis was first determined by using a PCR-based sequencing method. Its mitochondrial genome is 16,970bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a non-coding control region, and its gene order was consistent with other fishes. In the control region, there was a 54 bp tandem repeat array identified at 3′ end. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. chungtiensensis was clustered with other three species of Ptychobarbus.
Designing a Revenue Sharing Contract under Information Asymmetry

In a supply chain coordinated by a revenue sharing contract, under-reporting of sales revenue has been a common practice amongst retailers who always have private information about the market demand. In this article, we aim to design a mechanism to mitigate this problem. One may design a contract to elicit truthful information from the retailer while maximizing supplier’s payoff. However, we find that such contracts fail to coordinate the supply chain, when the market demand is high. Hence, we study an audit-based revenue sharing contract. First, we design a laboratory experiment to investigate the impact of retailer’s decisions on the subsequent choices made by the supplier. We find that the audit probability chosen by the supplier increases with the gap between retailer’s order quantity and the sales reported by the retailer. We follow this up with a simulation experiment which incorporates the findings of our laboratory experiment. Audit cost and the penalty announced by the supplier for not reporting true sales turned out to be important in making decisions for both the players. We also find the threshold auditing cost beyond which auditing is not economically viable for the supplier. KeywordsSupply chain, Revenue sharing contract, Information asymmetry, Dishonesty.
Exploring the driving forces of waste generation in the Portuguese municipalities

Abstract This paper explores the driving forces behind household waste generation in the Portuguese municipalities. The focus of the analysis is to empirically test the validity of the waste Kuznets curve (wKc) hypothesis, which postulates an inverted U-shaped relationship between waste generation and economic activity. Panel data is collected for 307 municipalities over the 2009–2018 period. Estimating the fixed-effects model and its dynamic versions of the waste generation equation, the decoupling hypothesis is confirmed, although it is only observed in the richest region of Lisbon and three other municipalities. Results suggest that the productive structure of the local economies is important for explaining waste generation behavior. Population ageing contributes negatively to waste generation, while population density and the development dichotomy are not important drivers in this process. Finally, tourism inflows have a positive effect on municipal waste generation, although the size of the impact is minimal.
Evolver: A Deep Learning Processor With On-Device Quantization–Voltage–Frequency Tuning

When deploying deep neural networks (DNNs) onto deep learning processors, we usually exploit mixed-precision quantization and voltage–frequency scaling to make tradeoffs among accuracy, latency, and energy. Conventional methods usually determine the quantization–voltage–frequency (QVF) policy before DNNs are deployed onto local devices. However, they are difficult to make optimal customizations for local user scenarios. In this article, we solve the problem by enabling on-device QVF tuning with a new deep learning processor architecture Evolver. Evolver has a QVF tuning mode to deploy DNNs with local customizations before normal execution. In this mode, Evolver uses reinforcement learning to search the optimal QVF policy based on direct hardware feedbacks from the chip itself. After that, Evolver runs the newly quantized DNN inference under the searched voltage and frequency. To improve the performance and energy efficiency of both training and inference, we introduce bidirectional speculation and runtime reconfiguration techniques into the architecture. To the best of our knowledge, Evolver is the first deep learning processor that utilizes on-device QVF tuning to achieve both customized and optimal DNN deployment.
Mid-Holocene changes in the geochemical and biotic conditions of an aquatic ecosystem, in Eastern Mediterranean

Mediterranean Temporary Ponds (MTPs) are unique and sensitive aquatic ecosystems that due to their hydrological characteristics constitute an ideal setting for the study of past environmental dynamics. A 176 cm core was retrieved from the littoral zone of Omalos MTP in Lefka Ori massif, to provide a general view of the processes that drove its Lateglacial and Holocene evolution. The sedimentary sequence is partitioned in two major units: (i) Unit II (∼17–4.7 ka BP), characterized by the catchment-derived transport, allogenic deposition of fine, Al2 O3 -rich, sediments and endogenic deposition of clays, under overall anoxic and dry climatic conditions, and (ii) Unit I (∼4.7 ka to present), characterized by increasing wetness, establishment of watershed, aquatic and herbaceous vegetation and by SiO2 dominated sedimentation under overall oxic conditions. The enrichment of SiO2 in the littoral sediments since the mid-Holocene, can be of clastic, aeolian and biogenic origin, but the undertaken analyses did not permit such distinction. The overall dryness of Unit II was interrupted between ∼14.7 and 13 ka BP by wet conditions, evidenced by the establishment of littoral vegetation. The transition to the mid-Holocene system reorganization, was expressed by peak values of Al2 O3 , Fe2 O3 , K2 O, MgO and Cr2 O3 and by the deposition of calcite under warm and dry conditions. The mid-Holocene (∼4.7 ka BP) period of Omalos MTP ecosystem disturbance, likely corresponds to the “4.2 ka mega drought event” widespread in the eastern Mediterranean region. The potential of MTP's sedimentary sequences in reconstructing past environmental conditions is emphasized.
Spatial ecology and shelter resources of a threatened desert rodent (Pseudomys australis) in refuge habitat

Our study builds on recent research on the role of drought refuges in facilitating the persistence of arid-dwelling rodents during extended dry periods by characterizing the spatial ecology and shelter use of the plains mouse, Pseudomys australis, a threatened Australian desert rodent that uses refuges. We radiotracked 18 P. australis in the western Simpson Desert, Australia, during November 2014 and May 2015, when individuals were expected to be confined to cracking clay refuge habitat. We also measured the dimensions (length, width, and perceived vertical depth) of shelter sites used by tracked individuals. A sufficient number of fixes (range = 17–64) for home range calculation by kernel density estimation was obtained for 11 of the 18 tracked individuals. Total ranges were calculated at the 90% isopleth and core areas at the 50% isopleth. The tracked animals occupied small home ranges (1.35 ± 0.56 ha) within cracking clay refuge habitat for the duration of the study. Individuals occupied distinct core areas, which were just 22.57 ± 1.54% the area of the total home ranges and centered on 1–2 frequently used burrows. Overlaps in total ranges and some burrow sharing were observed between neighboring individuals; however, core areas overlapped between only 1 pair of animals, suggesting that some group structuring may occur in P. australis refuge populations. Cracks used by tracked individuals were wider and deeper than burrows. Our study found that the short-term home ranges of the radiotracked P. australis during a dry period were situated entirely within cracking clay refuge habitat, and that shelter resources, and potentially social structuring, influence the use of space by this species.
Hate Speech Addressed to President Joko Widodo in Online Media: Impoliteness Strategies Analysis

This study aims to examine hate speeches that addressed to President Joko Widodo. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach that establishes the requirement that a study must be carried out on the basis of existing facts. The sources of data of this study were obtained from several mass media and social media from the haters of President Joko Widodo. This research data is in the form of phrase and clause which contained in status, caption, and video. The collected data was analyzed using data condensation, data display and data verification techniques to find out the types of hate speeches. The results showed that Frighten 42.9 %, and Call the other names 28.5 %, were the dominant types of hate speeches that had been viral and processed by the police used compared with the other types. Since the data are the products of violations of law, therefore it was proved that most speeches produced were categorized against the Law No 19 of 2016 about Information and Electronic Transactions.
Analysis of Unidirectional Coupling in Topological Valley Photonic Crystal Waveguides

Valley photonic crystal is a typical strategy of topological photonics with promising applications for novel integrated waveguides. The valley pseudospin provides an intrinsic paradigm to implement unidirectional coupling with robustly optical transport. But the key issue on the analysis of unidirectional coupling based on topological modes is lack of deep understanding on valley photonic crystals. In this work, we systematically study the mechanism and performance of unidirectional coupling between valley photonic crystal waveguides and chiral dipole emitters. Forming by two topologically-distinct valley photonic crystals, there are two types of valley-interface waveguides, i.e. bearded stack with glide-plane symmetry and zigzag stack with inversion symmetry. Analytical derivation shows that the Stokes parameters of topological eigenmodes can predict the directionality in the above two types of valley-interface waveguides, which is also confirmed by full-wave simulations. The strategy of bearded valley-interface waveguide can be easier to achieve high efficiency of unidirectional coupling than the zigzag case, and can relax the bias error of frequency and source location. It is also proved that the topological-protected unidirectional coupling supports robust transport against sharp-bending interface. Finally, we give a brief summary and perspective in the development of topological integrated photonics. This work gives a deterministic guidance on chiral light-matter interaction based on topological photonics, as well as shows the outlook of topological integrated photonics.
Innovation, Creativity, and Brain Integration

The heart of creative thinking is the incubation stage, in which ideas freely move on a subconscious level going beyond the limits of the problem space to create new solutions. The incubation stage might be fostered through meditation practices that lead to transcending, such as the Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique that cultures greater brain integration in which the brain functions more as a whole. Higher brain integration is seen during the TM session within a few weeks of practice, and after the TM session with regular practice over time. Higher brain integration is associated with higher creativity and greater success in life. Adding the experience of transcending to enhance incubation of creative ideas is innovation from the inside. Training in transcending could be part of forward-looking graduate programs to help their graduates thrive in an ever-changing workspace landscape, and could be a workplace skill to support better performance in many professions.