Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in tempe research

Procedes de fabrication du tempeh. Composition microbiologique, prcedes de trempage, defaut de fabrication, en relation avec l'acidification, effets de l'ebullition, inoculation, etude des differentes etapes de fermentation par Rhizopus. Developpement des levains : champignon du tempeh, bacteries. Cinetique de la croissance fongique. Modifications biochimiques et qualite nutritionnelle. Revue bibliographique.
Population Density and Body Size in Birds

The prediction of animal abundance from one or a few independent variables is a fundamental goal in ecology (Andrewartha 1961). One characteristic that may permit such predictions is animal size. An inverse relationship between body size and population density has been demonstrated for a variety of animals (Elton 1966; Clutton-Brock and Harvey 1977; Damuth 1981; Remmert 1981; Peters 1983; Peters and Raelson 1984). Peters and Wassenberg (1983) showed that the relationship was consistent in all animals except birds. However, almost all their bird data were obtained from only one source (Emlen 1972), a wintering bird population in a small study site in southern Texas. Only 60 points were included, thus producing a limited size range. Newton (1979) found that density was negatively correlated with body size in birds of prey and was associated with their feeding habits. In light of this confusion concerning the effect of body size on avian densities, this study has two objectives: to reexamine the relationship of body size and density in birds by using data from many species within different areas and over a large range of body weights, and to classify these data by feeding type and habitat to test whether the relationship depends on food resources. The data were collected from an extensive literature survey. Values for numerical bird density were extracted from 13 sources, creating 29 data sets stratified by area and habitat (table 1). The original densities were converted to the chosen standard, the number of birds per square kilometer. Thus, when the density was given in pairs per unit area, the value was doubled to make it birds per unit area, and the units of area were converted to square kilometers. Densities originally given in males per unit area were also doubled because I assumed that there was a female for every male present. This assumption is probably valid because most of the censuses enumerated singing males during breeding periods. Although the presence of unmated and drifter males may cause some underestimation, this error is probably small since most insectivorous and carnivorous species tend toward monogamy and their overall sex ratios are close to unity (Welty 1982). Additionally, the effect of any error would be spread consistently over the whole range of body sizes, thus not affecting the precision of any prediction. Previous studies (Andrewartha 1961; Armstrong 1965; Lack 1966; Schoener
The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii BBSome is an IFT cargo required for export of specific signaling proteins from flagella

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 187 No. 7 1117–1132 www.jcb. org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.200909183 1117 Correspondence to Karl-Ferdinand Lechtreck: Karl.Lechtreck@umassmed.edu; or George B. Witman: George.Witman@umassmed.edu Abbreviations used in this paper: AP, aqueous phase; BAC, bacterial artificial chromosome; BBS, Bardet-Biedl syndrome; DIC, differential interference contrast; DP, detergent phase; IFM, immunofluorescence microscopy; IFT, intraflagellar transport; KAP, kinesin-associated protein; MS, mass spectrometry; PLD, phospholipase D; PLDc, PLD type c; STPK, serine/threonine protein kinase; TIRF, total internal reflection fluorescence; TIRFM, TIRF microscopy. Introduction
Grasscutter ( Thryonomys swinderianus ) Production in West Africa: Prospects, Challenges and Role in Disease Transmission

This review brings together and consolidates the various researches that had been undertaken in grass - cutter with the aim of providing adequate information that will be capable of imp roving and sustaining the production of the animal as well as its consumption in West Africa. Given the above scenario, this paper reviewed the results obtained by different researchers on feeding and nutritional requirement of the grasscutter, housing, pe rformance, anatomy and morphology, some environmental issues, the challenges and the role of grasscutter in disease transmission. It was clear from this study that grasscutter is widely acceptable, utilizes inexpensive feed to produce good meat of high bio logical value, survives in simple housing apartments when confined, has good litter size and short generation interval, has simple anatomical dispositions which helps in breeding and they are capable of adapting to intensive rearing environments. However, some challenges of the grasscutter production include irregular supply of breeding stock, environmental issues, poor processing and marketing plan, lack of balanced diet, poor producer training and education, inadequate infrastructural development, poor in formation dissemination, incidences of diseases and
The taxonomic status of common dolphins Delphinus spp. in South African waters

Aside from gender differences, a principal components analysis of skull measurements of 72 adult common dolphins from South Africa failed to distinguish more than one form of Delphinus. Plots of rostral length against zygomatic width indicated most could be referred to the long-beaked form D. capensis, but three individuals lay outside this range, two of which were within the range for the short-beaked form D. delphis from the North Pacific. These were smaller individuals with significantly shorter beaks, longer flippers and wider flukes, and the colour patterns of two agreed completely or mostly with criteria for delphis. Their tooth counts were within (but close to the upper end of) the range for D. delphis, whereas other common dolphins in the region were within the range for D. capensis. Vertebral counts for all Delphinus from South Africa were similar and were well below those for D. capensis from the North Pacific. It is concluded that a smaller form of Delphinus, with characteristics mostly resembling those of D. delphis, occurs in South African waters, but (because of small sample size and the lack of complete agreement with published criteria for D. delphis from the North Pacific) its exact taxonomic relationship to D. capensis in this region is unclear.
Microarrays for an Integrative Genomics

From the Publisher: Functional genomics--the deconstruction of the genome to determine the biological function of genes and gene interactions--is one of the most fruitful new areas of biology. The growing use of DNA microarrays allows researchers to assess the expression of tens of thousands of genes at a time. This quantitative change has led to qualitative progress in our ability to understand regulatory processes at the cellular level. This book provides a systematic introduction to the use of DNA microarrays as an investigative tool for functional genomics. The presentation is appropriate for readers from biology or bioinformatics. After presenting a framework for the design of microarray-driven functional genomics experiments, the book discusses the foundations for analyzing microarray data sets, genomic data-mining, the creation of standardized nomenclature and data models, clinical applications of functional genomics research, and the future of functional genomics.
High-performance Liquid Chromatographic Analyses of Capsaicinoids and Their Phenolic Intermediates in Capsicum annuum to Characterize Their Biosynthetic Status

We determined capsaicinoids and their free phenolic inermediates in the placenta of two cultivars of Capsicum annuum during the fruit-developing period. One cultivar was highly pungent, while the other had no pungency. Although substantial amounts of free phenolics were detected in both cultivars, they were not correlated with the production of capsaicinoids in either cultivar.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of TR-14035, a novel antagonist of α4β1/α4β7 integrin mediated cell adhesion, in rat and dog

The pharmacokinetics and disposition of N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-4-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-L-phenylalanine (TR-14035), a novel α4β1/α4β7 antagonist, were investigated in the rat and dog. Results indicate extensive clearance of TR-14035 and low oral bioavailability, 17% and 13% in the rat and dog, respectively, at an oral dose of 10 mg/kg. At least 63% of the oral dose was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in the rat, and about one-third of the intravenous dose was excreted into bile as unchanged drug in the rat and dog. These data indicate that the oral bioavailability of TR-14035 was limited due to significant first-pass metabolism and biliary excretion in the liver. A species-dependent difference in metabolism was observed. The principal metabolite, O-desmethyl TR-14035, observed in rat, dog and probably human, was further conjugated with sulfate in the rat, but never in dog and human, based on in vitro metabolism and in vivo metabolite profile studies. Urinary excretion was a minor elimination route, but an interesting species difference was recognized. TR-14035 was reabsorbed from the rat renal proximal tubules, and by contrast, secreted into the tubules in the dog, probably via active transport systems.
Impacts of outliers and mis-specification of priors on Bayesian fisheries-stock assessment

Bayesian inference is increasingly used in estimating model parameters for fish-stock assessment, because of its ability to incorporate uncertainty and prior knowledge and to provide information for risk analyses in evaluating alternative management strategies. Normal distributions are commonly used in formulating likelihood functions and informative prior distributions; these are sensitive to data outliers and mis-specification of prior distributions, both common problems in fisheries-stock assessment. Using a length-structured stock-assessment model for a New Zealand abalone fishery as an example, we evaluate the robustness of three likelihood functions and two prior-distribution functions, with respect to outliers and mis-specification of priors, in 48 different combinations. The two robust likelihood estimators performed slightly less well when no data outliers were present and much better when data outliers were present. Similarly, the Cauchy distribution was less sensitive to prior mis-specification.
Evaluating the non-destructive method for determining the chlorophyll and nitrogen content in Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaf

Leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content is an indicator of photosynthetic activity, stress condition and nutritional status of a plant. The efficacy of a hand-held Chl meter (CCM-200) for non-destructive estimation of total Chl and nitrogen content in the stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves has been evaluated.
In vitro fermentation of beet fibre and barley bran, of their insoluble residues after digestion and of ileal effluents

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to determine the form in whichbeet and barley bran Ðbres reach the colon, and to evaluate the inNuence ofendogeneous compounds on their patterns of fermentation. Raw Ðbres (RF), cor-responding ileal effluents (IE) from pigs, and insoluble Ðbre residues (IR)extracted from IE, were fermented with human faecal inoculum for 24 h in an invitro batch system. For beet Ðbre, rate but not extent of cell wall sugars degrada-tion was increased (]34% at 6 h, P\0E05) after oroileal transit, due to a moreporous structure. For barley bran, oroileal conditions degraded endosperm com-pounds such as b-glucans, leading to a lower extent of cell wall glucose fermenta-tion compared with RF ([22% at 24 h, P\0E05). In the presence ofendogeneous substances, degradation of beet Ðbre polysaccharides was delayed(P\0E05) at each incubation time but that of barley bran Ðbre was unaltered.Compared to RF, IR and IE signiÐcantly exhibited lower acetate production forbeet Ðbre, and higher propionate and lower butyrate production for barley branafter 24 h. It is concluded that in vivo digestion modiÐed fermentation patterns ofboth Ðbres in a manner depending on botanical structure.J Sci Food Agric 75, 315E325 (1997)No. of Figures: 2. No. of Tables: 4. No. of References: 45Key words: dietary Ðbre, beet Ðbre, barley bran, ileal effluents, insoluble Ðbreresidues, in vitro fermentation, human faecal bacteria
Vibrio cholerae in Marine Foods and Environmental Waters: A Literature Review

Seafoods have been implicated in a number of cholera outbreaks in the United States and abroad. The incidence of Vibrio cholerue in the environment may be attributed to its extended survival in seawater or to short- or long-term carriers. Strains of V. cholerue which do not agglutinate in 0 group 1 antiserum (NAG) have been associated with a number of gastroenteritis, septicemia, and meningoencephalitis cases in recent years, and genetic studies illustrate a close relationship between the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of NAG and V. cholerae. The ability of NAGS to elicit responses in toxigenicity testing systems similar to those caused by V. cholerae has also been demonstrated. The incidence of NAGS and V. cholerue in U.S. coastal waters and seafoods, their survival, and the conditions that promote genetic changes and increase NAG virulence must be fully evaluated to determine the public health significance of these organisms. These studies are needed to reevaluate the effectiveness of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) growing area standards and criteria so that consumers may be protected against shellfish-associated vibrio diseases.
Antifungal activity of some plant extracts on some pathogenic fungi

The inhibitory activity of five plant extracts viz. Artemisia absinthium L. , Rumex obtusifolius L. , Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers, Plantago lanceolata L. and Malva sylvestris L. were evaluated against the mycelial growth of three fungi Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Penicillium expansum Link ex Thom. and Mucor piriformis Fisher that cause rot diseases in fruits and vegetables resulting in low yield and quality of fruits and vegetables. Results revealed that all the concentrations of plant extracts brought about significant inhibition in the mycelial growth of these pathogenic fungi. However, the highest concentration caused maximum inhibition in the mycelial growth followed by lower concentrations of plant extracts. The extract of A. absinthium leaves at highest concentration (S) proved highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all these pathogenic fungi followed by other plant extracts. These plants thus may have potential as the new natural fungicide for management of fungal rot diseases.
Antibacterial Activities Against Staphylococcus aureus of Terpene Alcohols With Aliphatic Carbon Chains

Abstract The antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus of terpene alcohols with aliphatic carbon chains of various lengths were investigated. Farnesol and nerolidol, which each contain two isoprene units, had the strongest antibacterial activities and damaging effects on cell membranes of all the terpene alcohols tested. Plaunotol, which is a diterpene, had antibacterial activity similar to that of sesquiterpenes. The relationship between the length of the carbon chain bonded to the hydroxyl group and activity suggests that the length of the carbon chain is an important determinant of antibacterial activity and cell membrane-damaging activity. It was concluded that the carbon chain length of C10-C12 was appropriate to show the activity.
A Study of Habitat Preferences in the Grey Kangaroo

In a state forestry reserve in south-eastern Queensland, indices of grey kangaroo abundance were obtained from faecal pellet counts and were related to habitat structure by analysis of variance, multiple regression and cluster analysis. Of these, cluster analysis proved the most effective technique. Results identified a preference for habitats displaying an abundance of food reserves and shelter. Climax forest and open woodland type habitats were relatively little used.
Molecular markers and experimental pollinations reveal self-fertility and high levels of natural inbreeding in the New Zealand endemic tree Vitex lucens (puriri)

Abstract The breeding system of the New Zealand endemic tree Vitex lucens (puriri) (Labiatae) was investigated using controlled pollinations and paternity analysis with RAPD and microsatellite markers. Experimental pollinations demonstrated that puriri is physiologically capable of producing fruit and viable seed from both selfed and outcrossed flowers. A low level of autogamous seed set was also observed, suggesting that at least occasional seed set is possible in the absence of pollinators. Polymorphic RAPD and microsatellite markers were developed for puriri and used to confirm the parentage of seedlings from experimental self and outcrossed pollinations. Paternity analysis of 18 seedlings from naturally pollinated drupes collected from a single tree revealed that a high proportion of these progeny were likely to be the result of self-pollination. These results are the first demonstration that puriri is capable of both self-and cross-fertilisation, and that in nature puriri has a mixed breeding system,.
Perceptions on quality customer service in the hospitality industry in Papua New Guinea: an evaluation

The purpose of this study is to identify any quality customer service gaps in the hospitality industry in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and to test the significant values of each of the necessary variables that make up the component of quality customer service in the hospitality sector. A survey has been done among a group of 197 visitors in hospitality firms. Results revealed that the hospitality industry in PNG had a major service gap in the area of “Personalized Service and Empathy”. This gap includes areas such as serving customers' best interests, never too busy to respond to questions, and understanding of specific needs. The study also identified that the major predictors for overall customer satisfaction were “Tangibles” and “Financial Competence and Reliability”, which had a significant negative effect on customers' satisfaction.
Establishment of Adult Rat Schwann Cell Cultures: Effect of b-FGF, α-MSH, NGF, PDGF, and TGF-β on Cell Cycle

Abstract Mitotically active Schwann cells isolated from adult rat sciatic nerve segments were cultivated, using a bivariate BrdU/DNA flow cytometry analysis, to test the effect of b-FGF (10 ng/ml), α-MSH (10 ng/ml), NGF (10 ng/ml), PDGF-AB (10 ng/ml), and TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) on the cell cycle. Compared to control or cholera toxin-treated cultures, no significant differences ( P
Ecological genetics of Pinuscontorta in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains of Utah

Genetic differentiation of 45 populations of Pinuscontorta primarily from the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains was studied in field, greenhouse, and laboratory tests. Analyses of variables reflecting growth potential, morphology, cold hardiness, and periodicity of shoot elongation revealed population differentiation for a variety of traits. Regression models related as much as 77% of the variance among population means to the elevation and geographic location of the seed source. For genetic variation to be arranged along relatively steep environmental clines implies pronounced adaptive differentiation. As a result, seed transfer in reforestation should be restricted severely if maladaptation is to be controlled.
The identity of Fissidens gardneri and Fissidens minutus

Diagnoses are given for Fissidens gardneri Mitt. (syn.: F. brevinervis Broth., F. fouta- djalloni Par., and F. microcladus Thwaites & Mitt. in Mitt.) and F. minutus Thwaites & Mitt. in Mitt. (syn.: F. chungii ThOr., F. garberi Lesq. & James, and F. rizalensis Bartr.). Fissidens gardneri and F. minutus are examples of species with broad distribution in the neotropics, Asia, and Africa. Section Semilimbidium C. Mill. of subgenus Fis- sidens includes some of the most taxonomically dif- ficult species in the genus Fissidens Hedw. Although a plethora of names exists for the myriad expres- sions encountered in this principally tropical taxon, associating the correct name with the proper mor- phological expression has often been problematic. Four names, representing two closely related but distinct species, that have caused confusion are F. gardneri Mitt. and F. garberi Lesq. & James, and F. minutus Thwaites & Mitt. in Mitt. and F. mi- crocladus Thwaites & Mitt. in Mitt. In this paper diagnoses of F. gardneri and F. mi- nutus are given, and our understanding of the no- menclature, previous application of names, and dis- tribution of the species is presented. Both F. gardneri and F. minutus are further examples of species dis- tributed in the neotropics, Asia, and Africa (Pursell et al. 1992). Geographical regions given are accord- ing to Hollis and Brummitt (1992).
Dive durations in pinnipeds and seabirds

Many endothermic divers regularly exceed the theoretical limit to the duration of aerobic dives, suggesting that assumptions about either the oxygen storage capacity of tissues or the metabolic rate of divers are wrong. This study examined the frequency distributions of dive durations in five species of endothermic divers from the island of South Georgia, South Atlantic. The theoretical aerobic dive time (TADT), calculated from average field metabolic rates, was exceeded regularly by all species except the Antarctic fur seal (<6% of dives). In contrast, the gentoo penguin exceeded its TADT in 69% of dives and the elephant seal in 91%. The frequency distributions of dive durations were bimodal, most especially in the penguins, with one mode below the TADT and another above the TADT, suggesting two different physiological strategies for diving. Interspecific allometric comparisons of dive durations in endothermic divers showed that, in general, relative dive durations in seabirds were greater than in pinnip.
From Divine Instruction to Human Invention: The Constitution of Indonesian Christian Young People’s Sexual Subjectivities through the Dominant Discourse of Sexual Morality

Abstract Based on a study of 22 young people aged 16–24 years old, this article examines the constitution of young Indonesian Christians’ sexual subjectivities through the dominant discourse of sexual morality. It is concerned with how this discourse has been drawn on and resisted as these young people become sexual subjects. I argue that the dominant discourse of sexual morality has positioned Indonesian young people within a binary of being either “moral” (maintaining heterosexual abstinence until marriage) or “immoral” (engaging in sex), to the extent that other ethical sexual relationships and pleasures become unthinkable. This article also provides evidence that the dominant discourse of sexual morality has been contested in the constitution of Indonesian Christian young people as sexual subjects. Three alternative ways in which participants resist the religious sexual moral codes imposed upon them are discussed, namely: casting off religion altogether, reinterpreting religious morality, and practising a double morality.