Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality of life of Women in India

India opted for liberalization during 90‟s in anticipation that it would contribute a lot to the country‟s development scenario. Since its inception, India‟s GDP growth has been showing a spectacular rate.It is therefore, expected that this GDP growth must have some impact on the life and livelihood of the people, especially on the non-privileged ones. It is argued that liberalization introduces mechanization in almost all the fields there by leading to closer of traditional industries. Consequently, a huge level of unemployment was created among the unskilled/semi-skilled men and this incidence forced women to join the job market to a large extent for family sustenance. However, women are mainly concentrated in the informal sector for unskilled jobs. These women are in fact facing ruthless hardship because of excessive physical labour outside home in addition to the household duties and the oppression therein. In this backdrop, based on NFHS 3 (2005-06) data, present studyis an endeavour towards gauging the nature and extent of the quality of life of Indian women, and locates the determinants of the said quality of life.
VHF and UHF Propagation through a Coconut Plantation

This paper reports the study of propagation through tropical coconut foliage channel for VHF and UHF bands. From the narrowband experimental data, the variation of path loss with distance in the foliage area is analyzed and compared with known values published by other researchers. Frequency domain measurements were also conducted to evaluate the effects of multipath fading on the propagating signal in foliage. All these results indicate that tree trunk in the coconut plantation is a major scatterer at high frequency, and tree canopy affects the low frequency signal a lot in short range propagation.
Mental Health Among Malaysian University Students Amidst Lockdown

Covid-19 has caused world-shaking adversity around the globe. The pandemic has not only become a global health threat and inflicted morbidity status but equally been detrimental to mental health of human civilization. In order to encompass and rein the transmission of the virus, Malaysia including other countries around the globe enforced a nationwide lockdown. The current research aims to explore psychological distress among university students residing in Malaysia during the lockdown. 300 university students from local universities both private and public were asked to complete a questionnaire. The questions were centered on dealing with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress coupled with experiences engaging in an online learning process. The results indicated that Covid-19 outbreak has increased students’ levels of stress and anxiety. This is more prevalent in both male and female students who obtained a lower GPA score. Whilst home environment in the presence of their family were seen to support students to feel safe and less anxious, it did not however contribute to coping and managing their academic performance effectively. Staying connected with friends was seen to have helped students manage their academic endeavors better. As the universities have opted to continue with remote learning and it remains uncertain when face to face learning would recommence policymakers and practitioners should be guided by mental health professionals to support students appropriately and meaningfully.
Severity of frailty as a significant predictor of mortality for hemodialysis patients: a prospective study in China

Background: Frailty is known to be highly prevalent in older hemodialysis (HD) patients. We studied the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors in Chinese HD patients. We further studied if frailty could predict survival in HD patients. Methods: This is a prospective study involving patients receiving maintenance HD in the dialysis center of Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing. Study subjects were enrolled from October to December, 2017 and followed up for two years. Demographic data, comorbidities and biological parameters were collected. Frailty was assessed using the Fried frailty phenotype at baseline. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the relationship between frailty and mortality in HD patients. Kaplan-Meier was plotted using the cutoff value obtained by ROC curve to evaluate survival rates in different frailty status. Results: Total of 208 HD patients were enrolled with a mean age of 60.5±12.7 years. According to the frailty criteria, at baseline the prevalence of robust, pre-frail and frail in HD patients was 28.7%, 45.9%, and 25.4%, respectively. The two-year all-cause mortality was 18.8% (39/207) and underlying causes of death included coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), hyperkalemia, severe infection, malignant tumor and others. Survival curve showed the patients with frailty score ≥4 to have significantly shorter survival time as compared to patients with frailty score ≤ 3. Frailty predicted two-year mortality when frailty score ≥4 with a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 83.67% with an AUC of 0.819. Frailty score was positively associated with age and ratio of ultrafiltration volume to dry weight, while negatively associated with levels of serum albumin, uric acid and diastolic blood pressure after HD. Conclusions: Our results confirm frailty to be very common among HD patients and severity of frailty was a significant predictor of mortality for HD patients. Factors such as age, malnutrition and low blood pressure are the factors to be associated with frailty. Interdialytic weight gain inducing excessive ultrafiltration volume is an important risk factor.
Reconnoitering the consanguinity between adapting approaches and self-destructive urge in an exemplification of Five Divisions of Nigerian Army Formations

This paper thoroughly checks the consanguinity between adapting approaches and Selfdestructive urge in an exemplification of five divisions of Nigerian Army formations through the optics of Social–psychosomatic supposition of Self-destructive urge (SPSDU). Nevertheless, no study has considered in details the impingement of unambiguous adapting approaches on recognized weariness, bilked attachment, and black despondency in ample denizens of diacritics serving in five divisions of Nigerian Army formations. Additionally, striking determinant morphology concerning earlier advanced adapting categories is antithetical to our exemplification of the divisions of Nigerian Army formations. Consequently, triumvirate determinant keys of the study were reconnoitered in this exemplification. Conjecturally, unambiguous patterns denoting adapting performance category (flexible and Inflexible) outlines both Social-Psychosomatic Supposition of SelfDestructive Urge (SPSDU) compositions and self-destructive urge. Resultantly, flexible and inflexible adapting categories foreshadowed the Social-Psychosomatic Supposition of Self-Destructive Urge (SPSDU) compositions in the conjectured commands. On the other hand, Inflexible category simply adumbrated self-destructive urge; indicating compulsion for further study and doubling efforts on obviating self destructive urge fixating more on adapting approaches that are explicitly inflexible diacritics in nature, in consanguinity to divisions of Nigerian Army formations with self-destructive urge.
Analysis of Tools and Techniques in cryptography

In the epoch of advanced electronic and communication systems, it is being observed most of the times that the information is being assaulted with worms and viruses. To shield the data, a secure and sophisticated cryptosystem is required to devoid any type of dilemma. There are several tools and techniques that are being used, to meet the challenging needs for a highly secure transmission and reception system. Previously security was mainly concerned with the exchange of messages that took place in communication. After that some techniques came into existence that provided more truthful and superior results. But the prerequisite for a more clandestine system is mounting day by day. As the communication system is being more complex, according to the demand more sophisticated and protected cryptograms are necessitated. In the following paper various cryptographic techniques have been analyzed that serve the purpose of security from 1900 B.C up to the present day scenario.
Basis Active Rectifier Tiga Fase pada

The Active Rectifier is a converter of AC voltage into DC voltage with an output voltage that is higher than the input voltage and the output voltage can be adjusted as needed. To produce a flexible output voltage required a combination with other methods. Voltage flexibility is needed to upset a rectifier system. In today's era, the Industrial 4.0 era, a system that is practical in its operation is much needed. In this research, a system that is able to provide a solution is designed by using a rectifier which is composed of a 3-phase 380VAC voltage and then actively rectifies it with the Proportional Integral (PI) control method. The research method uses literature study and simulation on MATLAB-SIMULINK. Research has proven that a three-phase rectifier designed using the Proportional Integral (PI) control method can provide a DC output voltage that is higher than the input AC voltage.
An Efficient Algorithm for Tube-based Robust Nonlinear Optimal Control with Optimal Linear Feedback

We propose an algorithm for solving tube-based robust nonlinear optimal control problems based on the approximate propagation of ellipsoidal uncertainty tubes. Crucially, the algorithm does not only optimize the nominal control trajectory, but the decision variables include linear feedback gains for each time step. In consequence, the resulting trajectories do not suffer from the unrealistically large uncertainty sets of open-loop robust trajectories, but are able to approximately capture the feedback behavior implicit to model predictive control. The proposed algorithm iterates by alternatingly performing a Riccati recursion and solving a perturbed nominal optimal control problem. We provide a theoretical analysis of the local convergence behavior and demonstrate its basic applicability on the example problem of controlling a towing kite.
Las Cabras volcano, Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, México: Topographic, climatic, and shallow magmatic controls on scoria cone eruptions

Scoria cones are abundant in most volcanic fields on Earth, such as the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, in the central-western sector of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. However, there are few in-depth studies on their eruptive style and controlling factors, despite of their diversity in shape and composition which implies a wide range of hazards. Here, we present results of morphologic, stratigraphic, sedimentary, petrographic, and geochemical studies of the prominent Las Cabras scoria cone located west of the Zacapu lacustrine basin in the center of the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field. This basaltic andesitic to andesitic volcano formed between 27 and 26 kyrs BP on the steep slopes (>10º) of the lava shield of El Tule volcano. Over time, its dominant eruptive style changed from Strombolian to effusive. Initial explosive activity built a 170-m-high scoria cone and deposited thick tephra fallout on the surrounding sloping terrain. Structures in the deposits indicate that early friable fine-grained tephra underwent significant erosion due to syn-eruptive heavy rain coupled with the sloping nature of the underlying ground. This erosion generated lahars that very likely reached the Zacapu lake based on the pre-eruptive topography. As the explosivity dropped, lava was emitted from the base of the cone first to the S and SE, forming a thick, viscous lobe that filled a pre-existing E-W valley. The flow direction then deviated to the N and NE, to form thinner, less-viscous lobes fed from the vent by an open-channel. The lavas are covered by hummocks made of agglutinates and bombs that indicate that the eruption terminated by catastrophic collapse of the SE sector of the cone, possibly triggered by the intrusion of magma within the cone, which destabilized its downslope segment. The sudden flank failure was potentially associated with a late effusive event and the hummocks may have been carried away by the lava surge. Whole-rock chemical variations and crystal disequilibrium textures point toward a complex magma feeding system, involving mixing and mingling between different magma batches. This study shows that the formation of scoria cones on a terrain with a marked slope (>10°) has profound impacts on the eruption dynamics and related hazards due to its effect on cone stability and ash erosion. It also evidences the erosive effect of syn-eruptive rain on fine-grained tephra, especially when deposited on a slope. Finally, it reveals the complex magmatic processes that may occur in the shallow plumbing system of monogenetic andesitic volcanoes, which could be particularly important in inland areas of continental arcs.
Factors Influencing Mother To Child Transmission Of HIV Infection Among Low Income Communities Of Lusaka City – A Case Study Of Railway Health Centre In Lusaka District

The purpose of this study was to explore factors that are contributing to the failure in reducing or eliminating the mother to child HIV and AIDs infection among Low Income Communities of Lusaka City – a Case Study of Railway Health Centre in Lusaka District, despite Ministry of Health efforts to reduce the transmission rates. The problem statement looked at the concern that despite the efforts made by the Ministry of Health to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV, the numbers of children born with HIV infection continue to rise in the area of this study, and the records of mortality rates among babies being recorded from HIVrelated also continue to rise. The research was conducted covering the catchment area of Railway Clinic of Lusaka with the focus on pregnant mothers regardless of their HIV status, post-natal mothers and mothers bringing children to the Under-five clinic. A case study applied a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods for the data collection using the Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and a combination of self-administered questionnaire and non-self-administered questionnaire (for those who were not able to read and write), and the questionnaire was analysed using the SPSS, while the interviews were analysed by using the explanatory methods. The purposeful nonprobability sampling was used. The findings of the research on basic knowledge of HIV and AIDS can be seen to be increasing in most communities, but there is still insufficient knowledge of MTCT among mothers for PMTCT follow-up services, as some of the factors are the perceptions of HIV that encourage stigma and discrimination, with challenges including poor monitoring of PMTCT services by healthcare workers leading to poor retention in care of infected mothers; other measures should include integrating ART services for mothers with maternal and child health services as another simple and highly effective way of retaining mothers in care after they have given birth. More resources should be provided for information dissemination on the importance of PMTCT activities through the use of community participation and should be supported to improve understanding among the pregnant, post-delivery and breast-feeding mothers. Keywords—HIV transmission, anti-retroviral therapy, Prevention of Mother to Child, Mother to Child Transmission, Breastfeeding, Stigma. )
Genotoxicity of Momordica charantia Extract in Swiss Albino Mice (Mus musculus)

The study aims at determining the safety of Momordica charantia (Bitter melon) for use by diabetic patient. This study was carried out to ascertain the genotoxic potential of Momordica charantia in mice using the micronucleus assays. A total of forty (40) laboratory albino mice weighing between 20 and 25 grams were obtained from the Zoological garden, University of Lagos. The mice were in eight groups comprising of five animals each. The doses of the extract administered were 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg per body weight and the route of administration was oral by gastric gavages using a metal canula. The control groups A and B were fed with distilled water for 14 and 28 days respectively. The other groups were also treated with a daily dose of the extract for 14 and 28 days at different concentrations. The mutagenic potential of Momordica charantia was assessed with reference to the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in the bone marrow of mice. During sacrifice, the bone marrow cells were collected from the femur and smeared on slides. For each mouse, polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) were scored for the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and the percentage was calculated. The frequencies of MNPCE/PCE were 0.17 ± 0.09% and 0.13 ± 0.02% in the control group for 14 days and 28 days respectively, 0.33 ± 0.12% and 0.30 ± 0.08% in the 50 mg/kg group, 0.38 ± 0.06% and 0.34 ± 0.09% in the 100 mg/kg group, and 0.24 ± 0.08% and 0.35 ± 0.05% in the 150 mg/kg group. The results showed a significantly increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes for the three doses administered. The results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. This indicates a warning signal to careless and indiscriminate use of the drug by humans.
Efficiency Enhancement of Linear Power Amplifier Using Load Modulation Technique

Efficiency enhancement of linear power amplifiers of CDMA base station using Doherty amplifier concept is proposed. The new design concept for the load modulation matching and its experimental optimization procedure are introduced. The matching circuit consists of different offset transmission lines in the carrier and peaking amplifiers for power match across broad power levels. For experimental validation, an average 30-W 2.14GHz load modulation amplifier has been implemented using a high power silicon LDMOSFET. The load modulation amplifier (a combination of a carrier amplifier biased to class AB mode and a peaking amplifier biased to class C mode) has been compared with a conventional class AB operation by applying 9 channel forward-link broad-band CDMA signal. The results show a superior performance of the load modulation amplifier for both efficiency and linearity.
Efficiency Enhancement of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube‐Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Using Microwave‐Exfoliated Few‐Layer Black Phosphorus

Carbon nanotube‐silicon (CNT‐Si)‐based heterojunction solar cells (HJSCs) are a promising photovoltaic (PV) system. Herein, few‐layer black phosphorus (FL‐BP) sheets are produced in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) using microwave‐assisted liquid‐phase exfoliation and introduced into the CNTs‐Si‐based HJSCs for the first time. The NMP‐based FL‐BP sheets remain stable after mixing with aqueous CNT dispersion for device fabrication. Due to their unique 2D structure and p‐type dominated conduction, the FL‐BP/NMP incorporated CNT‐Si devices show an impressive improvement in the power conversion efficiency from 7.52% (control CNT‐Si cell) to 9.37%. Our density‐functional theory calculation reveals that lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of FL‐BP is higher in energy than that of single‐walled CNT. Therefore, we observed a reduction in the orbitals localized on FL‐BP upon highest occupied molecular orbital to LUMO transition, which corresponds to an improved charge transport. This study opens a new avenue in utilizing 2D phosphorene nanosheets for next‐generation PVs.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Financial Health Regulation in Spanish Local Governments

The need to reduce public sector costs and debt has resulted in the implementation of requirements in many countries. Spain belongs to a group of countries which monitor the financial health of their local governments, using financial indicators enforced by law, and reporting this information periodically. The objective of this paper is to analyse whether the introduction of the 2012 Spanish legislation regarding fiscal stability and budgetary balance and Ministry of Finance Order 1781/2013, which develop new indicators, have led to improvements in the financial health of local governments. The results of our analysis show that the introduction of legal requirements is effective and that the disclosure of indicators for benchmarking purposes has been beneficial and positive, although this is not so in all cases. The practical implication of this study is that the dual demands of evaluating the financial situations of local governments and disclosing this information reinforce their responsibility with respect to the general interest. This enables the comparative evolution of indicators, concluding that requirements are also needed to ensure that the goals are achieved, thereby helping to restore the reliability and transparency of their activities.
Social Movements: An Ostromian Perspective

The objective of this paper is to interpret social movement activity using the conceptual tools of Bloomington political economy. Mainstream theory predicts that collective action to achieve objectives of societal transformation is infeasible, given the incentive of individuals to free ride on the commitments of others to the social movement cause. We suggest the intellectual legacy of Elinor and Vincent Ostrom provides an alternative, and more affirming, view of the contribution of social movements, and similar collectives, toward change. Key understandings from the Ostromian approach include: (i) deployment of non-material strategies, such as resonating frames and emotional cues, to elicit social movement participation; (ii) development of organising strategies as acts of artisanship within the boundaries of social movements; and (iii) strategic and tactical selection by movement participants to feasibly obtain concessions and other gains from various actors in polycentric spaces. This study applies the Ostroms’ approach to political economy to understand the involvement of early-state feminist movement toward property rights liberalisation in the United States. We argue the Bloomington School offers valuable insights to better appreciate the operations and impacts of social movements.
Pricing Extreme Mortality Risk amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

In pricing extreme mortality risk, it is commonly assumed that the interest rate and mortality rate are independent. However, the recent COVID-19 outbreak calls this assumption into question. We propose a bivariate affine jump-diffusion structure to jointly model the interest rate and excess mortality, allowing for both correlated diffusions and joint jumps. Utilizing the latest US mortality and interest rate data, we find a strong negative correlation between the jump sizes of interest rate and excess mortality, and a much higher jump intensity when the pandemic data is included. Moreover, we construct a risk-neutral pricing measure that accounts for both a diffusion risk premium and a jump risk premium. We then solve for the market prices of risk based on mortality bond prices. Our results show that the pandemic experience can drastically change investors’ risk perception and will likely reshape the post-pandemic mortality risk market.