Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chinese Students’ Concept of Mental Health

This study explored Chinese students’ concept of mental health through a questionnaire completed by 999 students from six primary schools, six high schools, and three universities in Shanghai. The results confirmed the expectation that Chinese students’ mental health concept would be multifaceted and would reflect psychological, physical, and sociocultural factors. An exploratory factor analysis on 12 mental health items with a subsample extracted a three-factor model, which was cross-validated by confirmatory factor analysis with a different subsample. These three factors were labeled as Affective Strength, Adaptive Strength, and Personal Strength. No gender differences were found. The grade differences supported the notion that Chinese students’ concept of mental health seems to be more consistent with the developmental paradigm of health. The senior years in primary school could be the turning point at which children start to conceptualize health as a holistic experience by recognizing the importance of mental health.
An Efficient Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole-Based Heterocycles as Potential Antitumor Agents

A new series of pyrazolylpyridines was prepared by reaction of ethyl-3-acetyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate with the appropriate aldehyde, malononitrile, or ethyl acetoacetate and an excess of ammonium acetate under reflux in acetic acid. Similarly, two novel bipyridine derivatives were prepared by the above reaction using terephthaldehyde in lieu of benzaldehyde derivatives. In addition, a series of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines was synthesized by a reaction of 6-(pyrazol-3-yl)pyrimidine-2-thione with a number of hydrazonoyl chlorides in dioxane and in the presence of triethylamine. The structure of the produced compounds was established by elemental analyses and spectral methods, and the mechanisms of their formation was discussed. Furthermore, the pyrazolyl-pyridine derivatives were tested as anticancer agents and the results obtained showed that some of them revealed high activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2) cell lines.
Quantitative assessment of diffusional kurtosis anisotropy

Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) measures the diffusion and kurtosis tensors to quantify restricted, non‐Gaussian diffusion that occurs in biological tissue. By estimating the kurtosis tensor, DKI accounts for higher order diffusion dynamics, when compared with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and consequently can describe more complex diffusion profiles. Here, we compare several measures of diffusional anisotropy which incorporate information from the kurtosis tensor, including kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA) and generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA), with the diffusion tensor‐derived fractional anisotropy (FA). KFA and GFA demonstrate a net enhancement relative to FA when multiple white matter fiber bundle orientations are present in both simulated and human data. In addition, KFA shows net enhancement in deep brain structures, such as the thalamus and the lenticular nucleus, where FA indicates low anisotropy. Thus, KFA and GFA provide additional information relative to FA with regard to diffusional anisotropy, and may be particularly advantageous for the assessment of diffusion in complex tissue environments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty with Use of So-Called Second-Generation Cementing Techniques for Aseptic Loosening of the Femoral Component. A Fifteen-Year-Average Follow-up Study*

We reviewed the results in a consecutive series of forty-three unselected hips (forty-one patients) after revision of the femoral component, because of aseptic loosening, with use of so-called second-generation cementing techniques. This series was previously reported on after average follow-up intervals of six and 11.7 years; we now report the results after an average duration of follow-up of 15.1 years (range, 14.2 to 17.5 years). None of the eight patients (eight hips) who had died before this review had had a reoperation. Over the course of the study period, repeat revision was done after four (11 per cent) of the thirty-six index procedures that were the first femoral revision and after three of the seven that were a second or third revision. Of the thirty-five hips in the thirty-three surviving patients, seven (20 per cent) had a repeat revision of the femoral component because of aseptic loosening. The average age at the time of the index revision for this group of patients was fifty-one years. This young age has been associated with distinctly poorer results after revision. In two additional hips (two patients), there was radiographic evidence of loosening of the femoral component. Therefore, the rate of loosening of the femoral component was 26 per cent (nine of thirty-five hips) at an average of 15.1 years. These results support the concept that so-called second-generation cementing techniques have decreased the prevalence of aseptic loosening after femoral revision, compared with the shorter-term results that have been reported after revision with use of so-called first-generation cementing techniques.
Smoking and atopy as determinants of sputum eosinophilia and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in adults with normal lung function

Data concerning the determinants of sputum eosinophilia and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) in large cohorts of individuals with normal lung function are limited. Here, we assessed the occurrence of sputum eosinophilia and BHR and identified the risk factors for these variables in two populations living in North Karelia, Finland, and in Pitk. aranta, the Republic of Karelia, Russia. These areas are geographically adjacent, but differ, however, fundamentally in major cultural, socioeconomical and lifestyle aspects. The study population comprised 790 Finns and 387 Russian, aged 25–54 years, who were randomly enrolled from the population registers. A methacholine challenge test to measure BHR was successfully performed in 581 (74%) Finns and 307 (79%) Russians with virtually normal lung function (FEV1470% of predicted). Of these, induced sputum samples were obtained from 41% of the Finns and from 67% of the Russians. The proportion of current smokers was 27% among the former and 42% among the latter. Sputum eosinophilia was assessed using a semi-quantitative method, and total concentrations of sputum eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured using an immunoassay. Risk factors for BHR and sputum eosinophilia were identified with a regression analysis. The prevalence of sputum eosinophilia was 22% among the Finns and 19% among the Russians, and the respective figures for BHR were 14% and 13%. The median ECP concentration in sputum was significantly higher among the Russians as compared with the Finns (Po0:001), whereas for MPO, the difference did not achieve significance. Current smoking was significantly associated with both sputum eosinophilia and BHR in Russia (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.2–7.6 for sputum eosinophilia, 2.8, 1.3–6.1 for BHR) and with BHR in Finland (2.1, 1.3–3.7). Atopy showed a tendency to be another risk factor for BHR in Finland (1.6, 0.98–2.6). In conclusion, sputum eosinophilia and BHR occurred commonly among the Finns and the Russians with normal lung function. Current smoking was significantly associated with BHR in both countries and additionally with sputum eosinophilia in Russia. Atopy was identified as a risk factor, albeit of borderline significance, for BHR in Finland only, suggesting that there may be differences in the aetiology and nature of BHR between the two countries. r 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KEYWORDS
Dialogue and Feedback: Assessment in the Primary Mathematics Classroom.

Assessing the quality of mathematical learning is not easy. Successful teaching and learning is about dialogue and feedback. The teacher sets up a dialogue with the students, and provides feedback based on what the students do. This is more difficult to achieve in practice than it may appear. First, a task or activity is needed to engage students and to establish a productive dialogue. Second, the feedback must provide students with two essential pieces of information: affirmation of what they can currently do and what they need to do next to improve their understanding.
Dynamic modelling and parameter estimation of a hydraulic robot manipulator using a multi-objective genetic algorithm

ABSTRACT This paper concerns the problem of dynamic modelling and parameter estimation for a seven degree of freedom hydraulic manipulator. The laboratory example is a dual–manipulator mobile robotic platform used for research into nuclear decommissioning. In contrast to earlier control model-orientated research using the same machine, the paper develops a nonlinear, mechanistic simulation model that can subsequently be used to investigate physically meaningful disturbances. The second contribution is to optimise the parameters of the new model, i.e. to determine reliable estimates of the physical parameters of a complex robotic arm which are not known in advance. To address the nonlinear and non-convex nature of the problem, the research relies on the multi-objectivisation of an output error single-performance index. The developed algorithm utilises a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) in order to find a proper solution. The performance of the model and the GA is evaluated using both simulated (i.e. with a known set of ‘true’ parameters) and experimental data. Both simulation and experimental results show that multi-objectivisation has improved convergence of the estimated parameters compared to the single-objective output error problem formulation. This is achieved by integrating the validation phase inside the algorithm implicitly and exploiting the inherent structure of the multi-objective GA for this specific system identification problem.
Treatment of vasomotor symptoms in the menopausal transition and postmenopausally: psychiatric comorbidity

This article aims to educate the nonpsychiatric as well as the psychiatric clinician on the impact of vasomotor symptoms in women with comorbid psychiatric problems and the challenges of treating vasomotor symptoms in these women. The pathophysiology, prevalence and common risk factors associated with disturbing hot flashes in the menopausal transition are reviewed. Hormonal, nonhormonal and behavioral treatment options of vasomotor symptoms for these women are discussed. Special pharmacokinetic implications for hormonal treatment of those women on anticonvulsant medications for the treatment of their mood disorders, on tamoxifen and/or with high or low sex hormone-binding globulin are examined. An in-depth discussion of mood and the menopausal transition, theoretical mechanisms for mood problems with the symptomatic menopause and the impact of stress on the symptomatic menopause are found elsewhere in this clinical review series on psychiatric illness, stress and the symptomatic menopause.
Trust in Agency

Existing models of the principal-agent relationship assume the agent works only under extrinsic incentives. However, many observed agency contracts take the form of a fixed payment. For such contracts to work, the principal must trust the agent to work in the absence of incentives. I show that agency fosters the advent of intrinsic motivation and trustworthy behavior. Three distinct motivational schemes are analyzed: norms, ethical standards, and altruism. I identify conditions under which these mechanisms arise and show how they promote trust. The analysis alters several important predictions of conventional models: (1) Better outcomes may ensue in highly uncertain environments; (2) the principal is better off the more the agent is risk averse; and (3) larger equilibrium extrinsic incentives need not be associated with larger effort or larger total surplus. Copyright 2004 Blackwell Publishing, 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA, and 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK.
Case‐control study of genetic and environmental influences on premature death of adult adoptees

Genetic and environmental influence on risk of premature death in adulthood was investigated by estimating the associations in total and cause‐specific mortality of adult Danish adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents. Among all 14,427 nonfamilial adoptions formally granted in Denmark during the period 1923 through 1947, we identified 976 case families in which the adoptee died before a fixed date. As control families, we selected 976 families where the adoptees were alive on that date, and matched to the case adoptees with regard to gender and year and month of birth. The data were viewed as a cohort of case parents and a cohort of control parents, and lifetime distributions in the two cohorts were compared using a Cox regression, stratified with regard to the matching variables: gender and year of birth. In the main analyses, the sample was restricted with regard to birth year of the adoptees, and age of transfer to the adoptive parents, and age at death was restricted to the same range for parents and offspring (25–64 years) in order to consider a symmetric lifetime distribution. This reduces the sample to 459 case families and 738 control families. Various truncations, restrictions, and stratifications were used in order to examine the robustness of the results. The results showed a higher mortality among biological parents who had children dying in the age range 25 through 64 years, and this was significant for death from natural causes, infectious causes, vascular causes, and from all causes combined. There were no significant effects for the adoptive parents. This study supports that there are moderate genetic influences on the risk of dying prematurely in adulthood, and only a small, if any, effect of the family environment. Genet. Epidemiol. 23:123–132, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination effect of melatonin and dexamethasone on liver ischemia/reperfusion injury.

OBJECTIVE Liver failure following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major concern in liver surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate combination pretreatment with melatonin (MEL) and dexamethasone (DEX) on liver I/R model. Male Wistar rats (n = 60) were assigned to 5 groups of 12 animals each: (1) Sham: laparotomy without I/R; (2) I/R: hepatic I/R; (3) I/R+MEL: hepatic I/R+melatonin injected intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg); (4) I/R+DEX: hepatic I/R+ dexamethasone injected intravenously (10 mg/kg); (5) I/R+MEL+DEX: hepatic I/R+ melatonin injected intraperitoneally+dexamethasone injected intravenously. The liver was subjected to ischemia by clamping the portal triad for 30 minutes and then reperfused for 6 hours after ischemia by removing the clamps. RESULTS The levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased after hepatic I/R in all groups. Levels of GPx and SOD were higher in I/R+MEL+DEX group compared to I/R, I/R+MEL and I/R+DEX groups and they were significantly higher in I/R+MEL group compared to I/R and I/R+DEX groups (p < 0.05). Levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α, hepatic tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), liver injury index, and apoptotic index increased after hepatic I/R. Levels of ALT, AST, tissue MDA, tissue injury index and apoptotic index were lower in I/R+MEL+DEX group compared to those in I/R, I/R+MEL and I/R+DEX groups, and in I/R+MEL they were significantly lower than in I/R+DEX group (p < 0.05). TNF-α level was lower in I/R+MEL+DEX group compared to other groups and it was significantly lower in I/R+DEX group than in I/R+MEL and I/R groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Combination therapy with melatonin and dexamethasone had better results in decreasing the liver injury compared to when each of them was administered alone (Tab. 3, Ref. 58).
Neuroimaging in basal ganglia disorders: Perspectives for transcranial ultrasound

Transcranial sonography is a new diagnostic tool, allowing not only the evaluation of cerebral arteries but also the two‐dimensional display of the brain parenchyma. In this review we will summarize basics of the application, the ultrasound anatomy of the brain and sonographic findings in some movement disorders. While in normal adults basal ganglia nuclei are hypoechogenic, they are hyperechogenic in certain basal ganglia disorders. In Parkinson's disease, for example, the substantia nigra can be depicted as a distinctly echogenic area. An elevated echogenicity of the lentiform nuclei was noticed in patients with primary adult‐onset dystonia. In both disorders the altered echogenicity may arise from higher heavy metal tissue content (i.e. iron in Parkinson's disease and copper in primary dystonia). Our findings converge to the hypothesis that transcranial ultrasound sensitively detects pathological metal accumulation not identified by other neuroimaging techniques (CT and MRI) and therefore provides new insights in the diagnosis of basal ganglia disorders. The implications of these findings for the understanding of the pathogenesis and its usefulness for the early diagnosis of movement disorders are outlined. Mov. Disord. 16:23–32, 2001. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
ENHANCEMENT OF FAST FACE DETECTION ALGORITHM BASED ON A CASCADE OF DECISION TREES

Abstract. Face detection algorithm based on a cascade of ensembles of decision trees (CEDT) is presented. The new approach allows detecting faces other than the front position through the use of multiple classifiers. Each classifier is trained for a specific range of angles of the rotation head. The results showed a high rate of productivity for CEDT on images with standard size. The algorithm increases the area under the ROC-curve of 13% compared to a standard Viola-Jones face detection algorithm. Final realization of given algorithm consist of 5 different cascades for frontal/non-frontal faces. One more thing which we take from the simulation results is a low computational complexity of CEDT algorithm in comparison with standard Viola-Jones approach. This could prove important in the embedded system and mobile device industries because it can reduce the cost of hardware and make battery life longer.
A Three-Dimensional Model for E-Government Development with Cases in China's Regional E-Government Practice and Experience

E-government is promising in terms of better service delivery and more efficient administration management. Many models for e-government development have been developed for the understanding and improvement of e-government in the past decade. Recent empirical studies have shown, however, inconsistencies between the models and the e-government evolution around the world. We propose a three-dimensional model for e-government development in this paper, based on existing theoretical and empirical studies, as well as our practice and experience in China's regional e-government development. A novel feature of our model is that it connects the three major influencing aspects: the stage of e-governance, the functionality of e-government, and the effectiveness of e-government. This feature makes it possible to improve our understanding and further enhance the development of e-government.
An algorithmic approach to the detection and prevention of plagiarism

The significant problem of detectin g (nearly) identical student homework paper s is non-trivial since a grader for a larg e class cannot remember all previously graded papers while examining the current one . This problem can be reduced by quantifyin g papers in such a way that equivalent one s are given equal values . Here we discus s one possible quantification which works well when applied to student computer pro grams .
Efficient DFT-based channel estimation for OFDM systems on multipath channels

An improved discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based channel estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems is proposed. Conventional DFT-based channel estimations improve the performance by suppressing time domain noise. However, they potentially require information on channel impulse responses and may also result in mean-square error (MSE) floor due to incorrect channel information such as channel delay spread. In contrast, our purposed channel estimation can improve the performance by deciding significant channel taps adaptively without requiring any channel statistical information. Significant channel taps are detected on the basis of a predetermined threshold. The optimal threshold to reduce the MSE of the estimation is also derived, and it is confirmed by computer simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can improve the MSE performance ~6.5 dB compared with the conventional DFT-based estimation, and the MSE floor is not observed in any channels.
An Integrated Procedure for Shape Optimization Applied to Fluid Flow

This work proposes an integrated numerical procedure for the shape optimization of fluid flow problems. The procedure is named integrated since it combines various distinct modules for the solution to the problem, such as: geometric modeling, mesh generation for finite elements, nonlinear analysis of the fluid flow, sensitivity analysis, mathematical programming and shape optimization. The problem consists in the optimization of the contour shapes, aiming the reduction of the viscous dissipation produced by the flow around a given body or channel.
Characteristic Formulae for the Veri cation of Imperative Programs

We have developed characteristic formulae as a technique for verifying imperative programs using interactive theorem provers. The characteristic formula of a program is a higher-order logic formula that gives a sound and complete description of the semantics of this program without referring to its source code. The formula can be constructed automatically from the source code it describes, in a compositional way. Moreover, it can be conveniently manipulated in interactive proofs. Characteristic formulae support reasoning about all forms of rst-class functions, through the use of an abstract predicate used to specify functions extensionally in the logic. Moreover, they integrate techniques from Separation Logic in order to support modular reasoning about mutable data structures. Characteristic formulae serve as a basis for a tool, called CFML, which supports the veri cation of imperative Caml programs using the Coq proof assistant. Using CFML, we have formally veri ed nontrivial imperative algorithms, as well as CPS functions, higher-order iterators, and programs involving higher-order stores.
A Personalized Recommender System for Telecom Products and Services

: The Internet brings excellent opportunities to businesses for providing personalized online services to their customers. Recommender systems are designed to automatically generate personalized recommendations of products and services. This study develops a hybrid recommendation approach which combines user-based and item-based collaborative filtering techniques for mobile product and service recommendation. It particularly implements the approach into an intelligent recommendation system called telecom product recommender system (TCPRS). Experimental results show that the TCPRS can effectively help new customer selecting the most suitable mobile products and services.