Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of an FPGA-ADC Prototype for the PET Detector Based on LYSO Crystals and SiPM Arrays

The aim of this study is to design and evaluate a simple free running analog–digital converter (ADC) based on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device to accomplish the energy and position readout of the silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array for application as positron emission computed tomography scanners. This simple FPGA-ADC based on a carry chain time-digital converter (TDC) implemented on a Kintex-7 FPGA consists of only one off-chip resistor so it has greater advantages in improving system integration and reducing cost than commercial chips. In this article, an FPGA-ADC-based front-end electronics prototype is presented, and both the design principle and implementation considerations are discussed. Experiments were performed using an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (crystal size: 4 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 4 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 15 mm) and a 12 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 12 (crystal size: 2.65 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2.65 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 15 mm) segmented LYSO crystals coupled with an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SiPM (J-series, from ON Semiconductor) array which is under <sup>22</sup>Na point source excitation. Initial test results indicate that the energy resolution of the two detectors after correction is around 13.2% and 13.5% at 511 keV, and the profiles of the flood histograms show a clear visualization of the discrete scintillator element. All measurements were carried out at room temperature (~ 25°C), without additional cooling.
Integration of Blockchain and IoT (B-IoT): Architecture, Solutions, & Future Research Direction

Internet of Things (IoT) plays a very important role in every field. With increase in its features it is almost used in every sector. As it is used everywhere so key elements of security are very much critical components which are to be preserved. For formulating these concepts, a new technology called blockchain can be used. In order to have secure transaction between various items, this technology is tremendously used without involving any third party. In this paper, we present introductory part of IoT enabled with blockchain, their key features, architecture layout, characteristic features of both the technologies, their futuristic solutions for different real-world problems, different communicational models etc. Both the technologies possess a number of characteristic features in every field but certain limitations too exist which gives futuristic direction for research.
Multiset Membership Lookup in Large Datasets

Given a dataset <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal S$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="script">S</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq1-3049624.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> composed of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq2-3049624.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> subsets with each data item belonging to one of them, <italic>multiset membership lookup</italic> takes an item <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$e$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq3-3049624.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> as input and outputs a binary answer whether <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$e\in {\mathcal S}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>∈</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="script">S</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq4-3049624.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and, in case of yes, the ID of the subset to which <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$e$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq5-3049624.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> belongs. Overlaid upon while more sophisticated than the canonical membership lookup, multiset membership lookup emerges as a pivotal functionality in many computing and networking paradigms. The quest to achieve high-speed, high-accuracy lookup with limited memory cost makes lookup algorithm design a challenging task, particularly when the data items arrive as a stream. In this paper, we devise compact data structures and lookup algorithms that are amendable for hardware implementation, while guaranteeing high lookup accuracy and supporting interactive query processing. We first propose <italic>multi-hash color table</italic>, a variant of Bloom filter, to encode subset IDs compactly and map the ID of an item to its subset ID. We further construct a more balanced data structure called <italic>balanced multi-hash color table</italic> to improve the compactness by integrating the state-of-the-art load balancing technique. We complete our work by addressing the case of <italic>batch arrivals</italic> and design a batched recording algorithm optimizing the memory efficiency. We give both theoretical and empirical analysis to characterize and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms in terms of lookup accuracy, memory and access efficiency.
Cultivating social justice literacy in education leaders: contemplating bodily and conceptual knowledges

ABSTRACT How can instructors in higher education understand and address the challenges of cultivating critical social justice knowledge and perspectives? In this paper an embodied knowledge framework is used to interpret the accounts of two former doctoral students within a US research institution who, while expressing appreciation for a graduate seminar designed to cultivate critical social justice literacy, did not embrace its content to the degree demonstrated by their peers. Narratives constructed for the two participants, a Black woman and a White man, suggested that knowledge inscribed deeply in their bodies from experience and emotion created friction with critical social justice concepts and principles examined in the seminar. This collision of bodily and conceptual knowledges can create disjuncture that is a barrier to learning. In order to cultivate critical social justice literacy in higher education, instructors may need to create tools that call on an embodied, experientialist view of cognition. (150)
Estimation of gender by using decision tree, a machine learning algorithm, with patellar measurements obtained from MDCT images

Amac: Bu calismanin amaci, patellanin multi-detektor bilgisayarli tomografi (MDCT) goruntuleri uzerinden yapilan olcumlerinden, bir makine ogrenmesi olan karar agaci (DT) metodu kullanilarak cinsiyet belirlenmesi yapilip yapilamayacagini ortaya koymaktir. Materyal ve Metot: Calismaya 219 erkek ve 131 kadin bireye ait MDCT goruntuleri dahil edilmistir. Radyolog tarafindan, ortogonal duzleme getirilen patellanin anteroposterior (Ap), kraniokaudal (Kk), transvers (Trv) uzunluklari olcum araciyla olculmus ve volumleri (Vol) hesaplanmistir. Patellar uzunluk olcumlerine oncelikle lineer ayirt edici aykiri deger tespiti yapilmis, bu sayede cinsiyeti tahmin icin veriler temizlenmistir. DT icin performans kriteri olarak karisiklik matrisi uzerinden hesaplanan Accuracy (Acc), Sensitivity (Sen), Specificity (Spe), F1-Score (F1) ve Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient (Mcc) olcutleri kullanilmistir. Bulgular: Erkeklerin Ap, Trv, Kk ve Vol degerleri kadinlardan daha yuksek olarak bulunmus ve aralarinda anlamli fark tespit edilmistir (pAp, Trv, Kk, Vol=0.000). Bu olcumler ile erkek bireyleri tahmin etme orani %98,2, kadin bireyleri tahmin etme orani %98,4 olarak hesaplanmistir. Sonuc: Patella morfometrisine dayali DT analizi, cinsiyet tahmini icin basit, yeterli ve oldukca dogru bir yaklasim saglamistir. Ayrica arastirmacilara herhangi bir bilgisayara ihtiyac duymadan sadece agac yapisi uzerinde dallanmalari ve cut-off degerleri kullanarak cinsiyet tahmini yapmak konusunda avantaj saglamaktadir.
Local climate conditions impact on breeding performance of house martin (Delichon urbica) populations in Algeria

The Mediterranean climate of North Africa encompasses an interesting variety of sub-climates, from humid and sub-humid to semi-arid and arid. Such variability may provide vital insights into mechanisms that drive species distribution and offered us an ideal opportunity to test phenotypic variations along gradients. We aim in this study to investigate the breeding behaviour of house martin Delichon urbica (Linnaeus, 1758) populations along regional climatic gradients in north-eastern Algeria. During two consecutive breeding seasons (2016–2017), nine field sites (328 active nests) belonging to three different sub-climates: humid, sub-humid, and semi-arid were surveyed regularly from March to August. We used generalized linear models to test the relevance of local climate and several ecological variables on laying reproductive output. Laying dates were positively correlated with climate condition (GOF = 0.42), the semi-arid climate creating appropriate conditions for advancing the laying process, whereas sub-humid and humid climate delayed it. Clutch-size and number of chicks hatched per nest were affected by local climate conditions; they were greater in humid areas than in sub-humid and semi-arid ones. The other non-climatic variables as brood order, laying date, distance to fields, and distance to water were not significant. The spatial analysis around nest sites of house martins also showed that dense vegetation cover and reduced urbanization levels may be potential predictors of breeding behaviour. Nest sites located in humid areas with dense vegetation cover, and low urbanization levels that characterize the surrounding landscape provide high-breeding success rate to this species if compared to sub-humid and semi-arid areas. These findings can be a useful indicator of environmental change in a country that is already experiencing severe drought stresses, uncontrolled urbanization, and high deforestation rates.
Differential effects of training on innovation

ABSTRACT Evidence shows that training can increase product innovation. Yet in most studies survey design omits the differentiation between ‘new' and ‘improved' technical innovation. Thus, our objective is to quantify the impact of training on product and process innovation, especially in terms of new versus improved innovations. We use a national, establishment level, mandatory survey, explicity designed as longitudinal. We use a 2SLS approach to correct for endogeneity of training in the innovation production function. We find that training has no effect on new products, while it augments improved products. Training has a positive and significant effect on new and improved process innovations. A question that comes to mind is: ‘Can we specifically train for new product innovation? ' While there are highly cited papers in strategic management, we conclude after scanning the economics literature that a widely accepted theory of new product innovation does not exist. Perhaps, it is possible to train for new product innovation, while remaining cognizant of our inability to predict the recombinant knowledge required for newness. As Polanyi (1958. Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. University of Chicago Press) surmised: ‘ … invention must be acknowledged to be unpredictable, a quality which is assessed by the intensity of the surprise it might reasonably have aroused’.
Evaluating Ambiguous Offerings

This paper studies how audience members categorize and evaluate ambiguous offerings. Depending on whether audience members categorize ambiguous offerings based on prototypes or goals, they activate two distinct cognitive mechanisms and evaluate differently ambiguous offerings. We expect that when audiences engage in goal- versus prototype-based categorization, their evaluation of ambiguous products increases. We theorize that, under goal-based categorization, the perceived utility of unclear attributes increases for audiences, which leads them to evaluate more positively ambiguous product offerings. We test and find support for these direct and mediated relationships through a series of laboratory, online, and field experiments. Overall, this study offers important implications for research on product and market categories, optimal distinctiveness, and market agents’ cognitive ascription of value.
A Long-Term Study of What Best Predicts Graduating From University Versus Leaving Prior to Graduation

Despite the importance of obtaining a university degree, retention rates remain a concern for many universities. This longitudinal study provides a multi-domain examination of first-year student characteristics and behaviors that best predict which students graduate. Graduation status was assessed seven years after students entered university. Participants (N = 1017; 71% female; mean age in Year 1 was 19 years) enrolled in a Canadian mid-sized university completed a survey, provided their enrollment status over the next 6 years (regardless of whether they left university), and consented to have their grades and status provided by the Registrar. Overall, 79% of students graduated by Year 7 (44% in 4 years). The strongest predictor of graduation was first-year grades. Social engagement in the university also predicted graduation. Surprisingly, mental health was not a significant predictor of graduation. Only a minority of students may experience mental health difficulties to such an extent that it affects their ability to succeed at university.
Bioactive Compounds and Fatty Acid Composition of New Turkish Hazelnut Cultivars

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to determine oil content, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total antioxidant activity (according to DPPH and FRAP assay) of Corylus colurna (Turkish hazel), 18 Turkish standard hazelnut cultivars (Corylus avellana cvs. Tombul, Palaz, Çakıldak, Foşa, Mincane, Sivri, Kara, İncekara, Kalınkara, Cavcava, Yuvarlak Badem, Yassı Badem, Kargalak, Uzunmusa, Kan, Allahverdi, Okay 28, and Giresun Melezi) and 2 hazelnut clones (Corylus avellana cl. Kuş and Acı). Total phenolics of the hazelnut cultivars varied between 28.04 g GAE 100 g−1 dw C. colurna and 113.01 g GAE 100 g−1 dw (Allahverdi). The highest FRAP antioxidant activity was obtained from the ‘Yuvarlak Badem’ cultivar (269 mmol TE 100 g−1 dw) and the highest DPPH antioxidant activity was obtained from the ‘Çakıldak’ cultivar (25.37 mmol TE 100 g−1 dw). ‘Kan’ hazelnut cultivar had significantly higher total flavonoids (6.50 g QE 100 g−1 dw) than the other cultivars and genotypes. The highest oil ratio was observed in ‘Sivri’ (72.6%) and the lowest in ‘Giresun Melezi’ (57.2%). Present findings revealed that among the newly registered hazelnut cultivars of Turkey, ‘Allahverdi’ cultivar was prominent for total phenolics and antioxidant activity; ‘Okay 28ʹ cultivar was prominent for oil content and ‘Giresun Melezi’ cultivar was prominent for protein and fatty acids.
Time-specific encrypted range query with minimum leakage disclosure

A time ‐ specific encrypted range query scheme that has the following properties is proposed. (1) The proposed scheme has trapdoor privacy and data privacy so that a semi ‐ honest cloud is not able to get any useful information from given ciphertexts and given tokens that are used for searching ranges. (2) Unlike most of the other studies which report that the cloud server stores single encrypted keyword/element in the database, in our solution, the cloud server stores encrypted multi ‐ keywords/ranges in the database. Therefore, the semi ‐ honest cloud compares ciphertexts to tokens as ranges based on a predefined threshold ϕ value. This approach decreases the cloud search time since the cloud compares ranges to ranges (multi ‐ keywords with multi ‐ keywords) not points to points (not a keyword with a keyword). Thus, the proposed scheme is efficient based on searching ranges on ciphertexts. (3) Moreover, the communication cost between users and the cloud is decreased from O ( n ) to O (log n ), where n is the size of a range. Users send logarithmic size information to the cloud server instead of sending linear size information.
Sparse-Promoting 3-D Airborne Electromagnetic Inversion Based on Shearlet Transform

The conventional, L2-norm-based, regularization term in electromagnetic (EM) inversions implements smooth constraints on model complexity in the space domain, which can smoothen the boundaries of complex underground structures. To improve the resolution of 3-D frequency-domain airborne EM (AEM) inversions, we propose a new algorithm for sparse-regularized inversion based on the shearlet transform. Unlike traditional methods that invert the model parameters in the space domain, we first transform the 3-D resistivity model into the frequency domain and then invert the sparse coefficients using an L1-norm measure to ensure the sparseness of the solution. Finally, we transform the shearlet coefficients back to the space domain to update the model. The shearlet transform has inherent multiscale and multidirectional properties, making it capable of effectively extracting complex geometries such as curved boundaries. We adopt the finite-difference method and the iteratively reweighted least-squares scheme for our 3-D AEM modeling and inversions and apply the “moving footprint” technique to speed up the inversion. Tests using synthetic data show that sparse-regularized inversion based on the shearlet transform can obtain more-focused inversion results than conventional smoothness-constrained inversions based on the L2-norm. Tests using field survey data also reveal that the new method can achieve more realistic underground structures.
Coherent Signal Processing for Loosely Coupled Bistatic Radar

Sensitivity and performance of homodyne radar are notably improved if the phase noise terms of transmit and receive signals are correlated and canceled out by the receiver. However, in a bistatic setup with separate oscillators, this correlation is inherently not given. To achieve a good carrier phase and phase noise coherency, it is required to transmit a radio frequency (RF) reference, e.g., by using high-quality RF cables, optical fibers, or wireless point-to-point links. All these options are complex, costly, and prone to distortions and signal delay variations. Sharing a clock signal is also barely helpful since even small distortions of this reference are converted to notable uncorrelated phase noise in the radar signal synthesizers. In this article, a novel full-duplex system concept and signal processing scheme is presented that solves the above-mentioned problems completely. This concept allows for coherent measurements within a bistatic radar setup, even if the two radar stations are only loosely coupled employing a simple clock-rate adjustment. By theory and experimental results with bistatic frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar, it is shown that our concept allows for bistatic measurements with the same sensitivity and performance that is usually only known from homodyne radar systems. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first time that phase noise coherent measurements in a bistatic multiple-input multiple-output radar setup are shown. This concept paves the way for advanced netted radar setups, e.g., in automotive radar and applications with large apertures or baselines or multiperspective coherent tomographic measurements.
Organization Theory and the Resource-Based View of the Firm: The Great Divide

The resource-based view of the firm has become dominant within the field of strategic management, yet it has had surprisingly little influence within organization theory. In this article, we document the divide between strategy and organization theory and propose an interpretation. Choices of theories are largely driven by a researcher’s dependent variables, and the questions “Why do firms do what they do? ” and “Why do some firms perform better than others? ” can have distinct answers. Thus, strategic management scholars and organization theorists are like howler monkeys and spider monkeys, coexisting peacefully in the same ecosystem by dining on different dependent variables. We further speculate on the looming existential crisis for both fields as traditional firms are increasingly unsustainable due to the transformation wrought by the digital revolution in product markets and the markets for capital, labor, and supplies.
Temperature Characterization of Liquid Crystal Dielectric Image Line Phase Shifter for Millimeter-Wave Applications

In this paper we investigate the temperature dependent behavior of a liquid crystal (LC) loaded tunable dielectric image guide (DIG) phase shifter at millimeter-wave frequencies from 80 GHz to 110 GHz for future high data rate communications. The adhesive, necessary for precise fabrication, is analyzed before temperature dependent behavior of the component is shown, using the nematic LC-mixture GT7-29001. The temperature characterization is conducted by changing the temperature of the LC DIG’s ground plane between −10∘C and 80 ∘C. The orientation of the LC molecules, and therefore the effective macroscopic relative permittivity of the DIG, is changed by inserting the temperature setup in a fixture with rotatable magnets. Temperature independent matching can be observed, while the insertion loss gradually increases with temperature for both highest and lowest permittivity of the LC. At 80 ∘C the insertion loss is up to 1.3dB higher and at −10∘C it is 0.6dB lower than the insertion loss present at 20 ∘C. In addition, the achievable differential phase is reduced with increasing temperature. The impact of molecule alignment to this reduction is shown for the phase shifter and an estimated 85% of the anisotropy is still usable with an LC DIG phase shifter when increasing the temperature from 20 ∘C to 80 ∘C. Higher reduction of differential phase is present at higher frequencies as the electrical length of the phase shifter increases. A maximum difference in differential phase of 72∘ is present at 110 GHz, when increasing the temperature from 20 ∘C to 80 ∘C. Nevertheless, a well predictable, quasi-linear behavior can be observed at the covered temperature range, highlighting the potential of LC-based dielectric components at millimeter wave frequencies.
Thawing out: Understanding adjustment to housing first through an ecological and trauma-informed lens

ABSTRACT This study describes the experiences of a new Housing First (HF) using an ecological and trauma-informed perspective as a lens for understanding the findings. The environment of HF has been described by staff as a “slow thaw,” which serves as a useful metaphor for the slow but steady healing residents experience after a life lived on the streets. Study findings include three key themes: 1) participants acknowledged that in many ways, their lives have improved after moving into HF; however, participants emphasized to researchers they had also been successful in managing their lives on the streets; 2) participants perceived that while their physical environment may have changed, much about the way they managed relationships and stress remained unchanged; and 3) for some residents, moving into HF had little to no impact on their drinking, while others report substantial decreases or changes in their alcohol consumption. These themes highlight this slow “thawing out” process experienced by residents and discuss the critical roles time and environment play in this process. Recommendations are included for HF facilities to better understand resident behavior through a trauma-informed lens.