Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title Geometric understanding of likelihood ratio statistics Permalink

It is well-known that twice a log-likelihood ratio statistic follows asymptotically a -distribution. The result is usually understood and proved via Taylor's expansions of likelihood functions and by assuming asymptotic normality of maximum likelihood estimators. We contend that more fundamental insights can be obtained for likelihood ratio statistics: the Wilks type of results hold as long as likelihood contour sets are of fanshape. The classical Wilks theorem corresponds to the situations where the likelihood contour sets are ellipsoid. This provides an insightful geometric understanding and a useful extension of the likelihood ratio theory. As a result, even if the MLEs are not asymptotically normal, the likelihood ratio statistics can still be asymptotically -distributed. Our technical arguments are simple and can easily be understood. Jianqing Fan and Wing-Hung Wong are professors, Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Hui-Nien Hung is associate professor, Institute of Statistics, National Chiao-Tong University, Taiwan. Fan's research was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-9803200 and NSA grant 96-1-0015. Wong's work was partially supported by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and by NSF grant DMS-9703918.
The Herbivore-Based Trophic System

The tundra is well known for its conspicuous and abundant animal populations. Indeed , tundra may be better characterized by caribou wolves, lemmings, snowy owls , ptarmigan and hordes of flies than by any other feature, at least in popular literature. The next two chapters consider the composition and organization of animal communities, and their participation in the energy and nutrient dynamics of the coastal tun-
MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTICS OF A BELT CONVEYOR BASED ON A WIRELESS SYSTEM FOR MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE VIBRATIONS LEVEL

The article features a system for monitoring and diagnostics of a belt conveyor. The main goal of the system is acquisition, visualization and monitoring of the vibrations level of the conveyor key elements. The system also has a computing and analysis part which enables to carry out predictive maintenance tasks related to the prediction and assessment of the vibrations level. On this basis, it is possible to decide about indispensable renovations. The architecture of the system enables to use it in other applications in which it is required to have a wireless vibration sensors network in order to full diagnostic tasks.
The Determinants of Academic Competency, Linking Emotional Intelligence and Lifestyle Patterns

Emotional Intelligence is a composite set of capabilities that enable a person to manage himself/ herself and others. This study was conducted to explore the basic components of Emotional Intelligence and how far they could be predicted by lifestyle traits and also their association with individual academic performance. By adopting the survey approach, data were collected from a sample of 162 participants comprising medical students enrolled in Undergraduate and Postgraduate programs. For data analyses SPSS version 21 was used and predictions and associations were evaluated by Multiple regression models and Chi-square analysis. Our results reported lifestyle patterns to be weakly predicting Emotional Intelligence; students studying a couple of hours per day were able to achieve good GPAs. Final analysis revealed that a number of factors such as culture and living conditions can have a contributing role in Emotional Intelligence of individuals and their academic performances. Thus, our study has demonstrated variations in lifestyle study patterns among various Undergraduate and Postgraduate students.
A Trauma System wide Evaluation of the Demographic, Injury and FractureCharacteristics of Patients with Calcaneal Fractures: A Comparison of Trauma Level I and II Centers

Introduction: Calcaneal fractures are known to influence patients daily lives negatively. Different levels of trauma centers face a diversity of patients who sustained a calcaneal fracture. Little is known about the demographic, trauma and fracture characteristics for these patients. Moreover, the differences in these characteristics between different levels of trauma care. Knowledge of this is needed, to improve the outcome in these patients. In this study we evaluate in detail the characteristics of patients with a calcaneal fractures in a regional inclusive trauma system.Material and Methods: This is a retrospective regional cohort study of prospectively collected data. All patients aged 16 years or older with a calcaneal fracture admitted in one of the participating trauma level I or II hospitals were included. Patients’, trauma and fracture characteristics were collected.Results: A total of 285 patients with 307 calcaneal fractures were eligible for analysis. A mechanism of trauma was in most patients a fall from height, followed by a simple fall. The greater majority of the accidents occurred in domestic circumstances, 70% of the patients had an isolated calcaneal fracture. The trauma level I population (n= 72) was significantly younger, sustained a more severe injury with more concomitant injuries, and 26% had a psychiatric history.Conclusion: This study demonstrates, that there are substantial differences between the level I and II trauma centers in the demographic patterns and injury characteristics in patients with a calcaneal fracture. These differences should be accounted for in the interpretation of results according to the level of trauma care that a particular hospital offers. Additionally, in the trauma level II centers more low-complex calcaneal fractures and distinctively other subgroups (e.g. elderly) are admitted that might benefit from customized management to adapt to their specific needs.
The Catholic School: Avenue to Authenticity

A document from the Vatican’s Congregation for Catholic Education has confirmed that the fundamental purpose of Catholic schools is to create an educational environment promoting authentic humanity. This position has its basis in a Catholic concept of personhood, which underpins the thrust of the 1998 Roman document, The Catholic School on the Threshold of the Third Millennium. This article outlines a philosophical framework for Catholic education and establishes a comprehensive theological foundation for community living. Education, the life of faith, and the common good all come under the rubric of authentic humanity.
Rayleigh‐wave group‐velocity of the Icelandic crust from correlation of ambient seismic noise

By cross‐correlating 2 years of ambient seismic noise from 31 broadband stations distributed across Iceland, we have been able to measure Rayleigh wave group velocity in three discrete frequency bands centered on 4, 7 and 17 s, sensitive to approximately the top 6, 10 and 25 km of the crust, for 289, 420 and 139 station‐to‐station paths, respectively. These are inverted to yield tomographic group velocity maps of the Icelandic crust. The results correlate with the major tectonic features on Iceland, and agree well with earlier seismic studies based on traditional methods (active source and earthquake). Specifically, we obtain low velocities in the central parts of Iceland, coinciding with the rift zones and young crust. In contrast, the parts of Iceland covered with older Tertiary volcanics reveal relatively higher velocities. At the shorter periods (4 and 7 s) this correlation reflects porosity, degree of fracturing and alteration. At the longest period (17 s), i.e. at greater depth, this correlation may reflect the thermal state of the crust, with warm and seismically slow material near the rifts and cooler and seismically faster material beneath the Tertiary formations to the east and west.
Atomic theory of viscoelastic response and memory effects in metallic glasses

An atomic-scale theory of the viscoelastic response of metallic glasses is derived from first principles, using a Zwanzig-Caldeira-Leggett system-bath Hamiltonian as a starting point within the framework of nonaffine linear response to mechanical deformation. This approach provides a Generalized-Langevin-Equation (GLE) as the average equation of motion for an atom or ion in the material, from which non-Markovian nonaffine viscoelastic moduli are extracted. These can be evaluated using the vibrational density of states (DOS) as input, where the boson peak plays a prominent role for the mechanics. To compare with experimental data of binary ZrCu alloys, numerical DOS was obtained from simulations of this system, which take also electronic degrees of freedom into account via the embedded atom method (EAM) for the interatomic potential. It is shown that the viscoelastic $\alpha$-relaxation, including the $\alpha$-wing asymmetry in the loss modulus, can be very well described by the theory if the memory kernel (the non-Markovian friction) in the GLE is taken to be a stretched-exponential decaying function of time. This finding directly implies strong memory effects in the atomic-scale dynamics, and suggests that the $\alpha$-relaxation time is related to the characteristic time-scale over which atoms retain memory of their previous collision history. This memory time grows dramatically below the glass transition.
Petrologic, tectonic, and metallogenic evolution of the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades magmatic arc, California and Nevada

Ongoing arc magmatism along western North America was preceded by ancestral arc magmatism that began ca. 45 Ma and evolved into modern arc volcanism. The southern ancestral arc segment, active from ca. 30 to 3 Ma, adjoins the northern segment in northern California across a proposed subducted slab tear. The east edge of the Walker Lane approximates the east edge of the southern arc whose products, mostly erupted from stratovolcanoes and lava dome complexes arrayed along the crest of the ancestral arc, extend down the west flank of the Sierra Nevada. Southern arc segment rocks include potassic, calc-alkaline intermediate- to silicic-composition lava flows, lava dome complexes, and associated volcaniclastic deposits. Northern and southern segment rocks are similar to other convergent-margin magmatic arc rocks but are compositionally distinct from each other. Southern segment rocks have lower TiO 2 , FeO*, CaO, and Na 2 O contents and higher K 2 O contents, and exhibit less compositional-temporal variation. Compositional distinctions between the northern and southern segment rocks reflect the composition and thickness of the crust beneath which the associated magma systems were sourced. Northern segment rock compositions are consistent with generation beneath thin, primitive crust, whereas southern segment rocks represent magmas generated and fractionated beneath thicker, more evolved crust. Although rocks in the two arc segments have similar metal abundances, they are metallogenically distinct. Small porphyry copper deposits are characteristic of the northern segment whereas significant epithermal precious metal deposits are most commonly associated with the southern segment. These metallogenic differences are also fundamentally linked to the tectonic settings and crustal regimes within which these two arc segments evolved.
A Literature Review on Ohlson (1995)

This paper presents the review of the literature focussed on Ohlson, J.A. , 1995. (Earnings, book values and dividends in security valuation. Contemporary Accounting Research 11, 661 — 687). Firstly an overview then theoretical and empiricalresearch directly related to this work are presented, based on articles cited this work. Further, some bibliometric facts about the study are added. The bibliometric analysis is based on twelve reputed journals of accounting: Journal of Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting and Economics, The Accounting Review, Contemporary Accounting Research, Review of Accounting Studies, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Accounting Horizons, The European Accounting Review, Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance, Accounting and Business Research, A Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business Studies and The International Journal of Accounting. Our findings of bibliometric facts come up with most influenced author, university and country by Ohlson (1995) and followed by keyword analysis.
Designing a Safe City Eco System for “Wandering”

: This paper introduces a successful dementia care program in Omuta City, Japan. The program, SOS Training, was not originally designed as a co-design project. It achieved codesign characteristics as a result of trial-and-error practice among public and private enthusiasts for making a better and safer community for people with dementia. As a case of substantial codesign participation of citizens that involves people with dementia, this paper points out challenges and opportunities for making Omuta’s program scalable and sustainable. The newly established design team that includes the authors, investigates potentials of the Omuta way of helping people with dementia.
Heterogeneous Rebound Eff ects : Comparing Estimates from Discrete-Continuous Models # 601

Discrete-continuous models have become a common technique for addressing selectivity biases in data sets with endogenously partitioned observational units. Alternative two-stage approaches have been suggested by LEE (1983), DUBIN and MCFADDEN (1984), and DAHL (2002), all of which capture the first-stage discrete choice by the multinomial logit model, while the second-stage outcome equation is estimated using OLS. The nonlinearity introduced by the selection bias correction implies that the second-stage coefficients cannot be interpreted as marginal effects. Instead, the marginal effects are obtained using the estimates from both the first and second stages, a step that has been widely neglected in the applied literature. After deriving formulae for the marginal effects obtained from these selection correction approaches, we estimate a joint model of automobile ownership and distance driven to quantify the rebound effect, the behaviorally induced increase in driving that results from higher fuel economy. Our example illustrates that the pattern of rebound effects varies substantially depending on the method of selection bias correction. JEL Classification: D12, Q21, Q41
Int. J. Biosci

A soilless culture experiment was carried out at the glasshouse conditions, in order to elucidate the beneficial effect of seed vigor and the possible alleviatory influence of boron and calcium on the salt tolerance capability of Rapeseed. Artificial aging of rapeseed seeds significantly reduced the seedling growth especially under more saline conditions. In spite of promotive effects of application of both boron and calcium on rapeseed germinability and seedling growth, there was a more significant enhancement on emergence rate of seedlings from high vigor seeds. Supplementary concentrations of boron and calcium more significantly reduced the Na+ content and increased the K+ amount of the seedlings under 100 mM NaCl. Finally, it can be concluded that boron and calcium would improve the salt tolerance capability of rapeseed seedlings from vigorous seeds, at least in the early seedling development. * Corresponding Author: Saeid Khomari  saeid.khomari@gmail.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub. net Vol. 6, No. 5, p. 261-272, 2015
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Accelerator & Fusion Research Division Design of a Reacceleration Experiment Using the Choppertron

The Microwave S ource Fadlity at t he Lawrence Livermore Na t ional Laboratory is commencing a series of experi m ents involving reacceleration of a m odula t ed bea m alterna ti ng with extrac ti on o f energy in the form of X-band microwaves. The Choppertron, a high-power microwave generator, is us ed to m o d ulate a 5-MV, 1-kA induc ti on accelerator beam. Th e modulated bea m is then passed through a series of tr a veling-wave output structures se parated by induction cells. In this paper we r e port on computer si m ulations used in the design of the se experiments. Simulations include analysis of beam transport, modulation, power extraction and transverse instabili t ies.
Adaptive Optics for Extremely Large Telescopes 4 – Conference Proceedings , 1 ( 1 )

Contemporary AO systems, such as the Multi-Object Adaptive Optics system (MOAO) RAVEN currently associated with the Subaru Telescope, can suffer from significant Non-Common Path Aberrations (NCPA). These errors ultimately affect image quality and arise from optical path differences between the wavefront sensor (WFS) path and the science path. A typical correction of NCPA involves estimating the aberration phase and correcting the system with an offset on the deformable mirror (DM). We summarize two methods used to correct for NCPA on an experimental bench. We also successfully calibrate the NCPA on RAVEN using one of these methods. Finally, we report on some first science results with RAVEN, obtained after NCPA correction.
INADEQUATELY DESIGNED INFORMATION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE COGNITIVE WORKLOAD

The design and handling of information in manual assembly is becoming increasingly important in achieving effective and competitive assembly. However, the information provided to the assembly personnel in the automotive industry is usually poorly designed and presented, which can cause unnecessary mental stress and increase cognitive workload. Due to inadequate information, the original goals are placed aside and the workers are forced to figure out where the right information is located and how to access it within the system. One way of supporting the assembler could be to use kitting, which is a material supply principle where the assembler is provided with a kit of components that together support one or more assembly operations. The kit can also be considered as a carrier of information that complements or even replaces conventional assembly instructions. The aim of this paper is to initiate a theoretical exploration of the relationship between the assembler’s information needs and the kitting box, by investigating the kitting box and its potential to provide enough information for the assembler to fulfil the assembly task.
Student Engagement and the Use of Volunteer Teachers in Alternative Urban Middle Schools.

The use of recent college graduates as volunteer teachers has increased in recent years with the growth of the Teach for America program and alternative middle schools for at-risk children from low income homes. Very few studies to date have investigated the effects of the use of such teachers on student learning and engagement in school. The present study examines the effectiveness of using volunteer teachers in 11 alternative urban middle schools that utilize the Nativity model. Results show that experienced teachers hold more positive perceptions of their teaching competence than do volunteers and their students rate the climate of their classrooms as more conducive to learning. Results also provide support for the value of using volunteer teachers, provided that they are well trained and supervised and that they are given more teaching responsibilities only as they become more competent in the classroom.
Stability analysis of Gauss-type proximal point method for metrically regular mappings

Abstract In this article, we study the stability properties of a Gauss-type proximal point algorithm for solving the inclusion y ϵ T (x), where T is a set-valued mapping acting on a Banach space X with locally closed graph that is not necessarily monotone and y is a parameter. Consider a sequence of bounded constants {λk} which are away from zero. Under this consideration, we present the semi-local and local convergence of the sequence generated by an iterative method in the sense that it is stable under small variation in perturbation parameter y whenever the set-valued mapping T is metrically regular at a given point. As a result, the uniform convergence of the Gauss-type proximal point method will be established. A numerical experiment is given which illustrates the theoretical result.
A Novel Torque Coordination Control Strategy of a Single-Shaft Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Model Predictive Control

The torque coordination control during mode transition is a very important task for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a clutch serving as the key enabling actuator element. Poor coordination will deteriorate the drivability of the driver and lead to excessive wearing to the clutch friction plates. In this paper, a novel torque coordination control strategy for a single-shaft parallel hybrid electric vehicle is presented to coordinate the motor torque, engine torque, and clutch torque so that the seamless mode switching can be achieved. Different to the existing model predictive control (MPC) methods, only one model predictive controller is needed and the clutch torque is taken as an optimized variable rather than a known parameter. Furthermore, the successful idea of model reference control (MRC) is also used for reference to generate the set-point signal required by MPC. The parameter sensitivity is studied for better performance of the proposed model predictive controller. The simulation results validate that the proposed novel torque coordination control strategy has less vehicle jerk, less torque interruption, and smaller clutch frictional losses, compared with the baseline method. In addition, the sensitivity and adaptiveness of the proposed novel torque coordination control strategy are evaluated.
Visualizing and Understanding Self-attention based Music Tagging

Recently, we proposed a self-attention based music tagging model. Different from most of the conventional deep architectures in music information retrieval, which use stacked 3x3 filters by treating music spectrograms as images, the proposed self-attention based model attempted to regard music as a temporal sequence of individual audio events. Not only the performance, but it could also facilitate better interpretability. In this paper, we mainly focus on visualizing and understanding the proposed self-attention based music tagging model.
A*SLAM: A Dual Fisheye Stereo Edge SLAM

This paper proposes an A*SLAM system that features combining two sets of fisheye stereo cameras and taking the image edge as the SLAM features. The dual fisheye stereo camera sets cover the full environmental view of the SLAM system. From each fisheye stereo image pair, a panorama depth image can be directly extracted for initializing the SLAM feature. The edge feature is an illumination invariant feature. The paper presents a method of the edge-based simultaneous localization and mapping process using both the normal and inverted images interchangeably.
Sparse matrix linear models for structured high-throughput data

Recent technological advancements have led to rapid generation of high-throughput biological data, which can be used to address novel scientific questions in broad areas of research. These data can be thought of as a large matrix with covariates annotating both rows and columns of this matrix. Matrix linear models provide a convenient way for modeling such data. In many situations, sparse estimation of these models is desired. We present fast, general methods for fitting sparse matrix linear models to structured high-throughput data. We induce model sparsity using an L$_1$ penalty and consider the case when the response matrix and the covariate matrices are large. Due to data size, standard methods for estimation of these penalized regression models fail if the problem is converted to the corresponding univariate regression problem. By leveraging matrix properties in the structure of our model, we develop several fast estimation algorithms (coordinate descent, FISTA, and ADMM) and discuss their trade-offs. We evaluate our method's performance on simulated data, E. coli chemical genetic screening data, and two Arabidopsis genetic datasets with multivariate responses. Our algorithms have been implemented in the Julia programming language and are available at https://github.com/janewliang/matrixLMnet.jl.