Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Antioxidant Defense Capacity of Rice and Sunflower in Their Response to Cu and Mn Toxicity under Different Light Intensities

Effects of toxic concentrations (up to 100 µM) of copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) on growth and oxidative defense system of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were studied under three light intensities in hydroponic medium. Rice expressed higher susceptibility to both Cu and Mn toxicity than sunflower. Higher light intensity strengthened the effect of toxicity of Cu while ameliorated that of Mn. Activity of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase responded to Cu and Mn differently in rice. Cu toxicity increased their activity but Mn did not change or rather decreased it. Activity of catalase was induced in response to both Cu and Mn particularly under higher light intensities. Activity of peroxidase, in contrast to other tested enzymes, was correlated with growth response of plants. Copper was not effective in induction of malondialdehyde accumulation. Mn, in concentrations causing no growth inhibition (100 µM), resulted in a significant increase of malondialdehyde. Changes in the tissue content of proline, similar with peroxidase activity, was mainly associated with stress conditions as judged by growth data. On the other word, activity of peroxidase and accumulation of proline monitored the stress conditions without any protecting role and any effect on adaptation of plants. Our results suggested that the antioxidant capacity of plants is not independently correlated with the growth response of plants without regarding the other physiological responses to metal exposure.
Bycatch Reduction in Trammel Net Fishery for Prawn (Melicertus kerathurus) by Using Guarding Net in İzmir Bay on Aegean Coast of Turkey

In this study, by-catch reduction in trammel nets used for prawn fishery in Izmir Bay was studied between May and October 2003. In shrimp trammel net fishery catching of discard species is an important problem due to a series of reasons such as disentangle species causes extra work for fishermen and decreases the labour life of nets. A Guarding net was attached to lead line of traditional shrimp trammel net as a modification to minimize this problem. Control Nets (CNet), originated from traditional commercial nets, and were compared against two groups of Experimental nets (Exp1 and Exp2) in two periods. In the first period of the study Exp1 net group caught 36.46% fewer shrimp (Melicertus kerathurus) in comparison to CNet. In addition to this, 35.62% crab (Goneplax rhomboides), 40.71% mantis shrimp (Squila mantis) and 44.77% purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris) were caught fewer than those in CNet net group. In the second period of the study Exp2 net group were put into the trial. In this period, Exp1 net group compared with CNet net group caught less shrimp (8.09%), crab (66.15%), mantis shrimp (26.79%) and purple dye murex (32.25%). Exp2 net group caught fewer shrimp (0.99%), crab (50.63%), mantis shrimp (17.33%) and purple dye murex (25.92%) than CNet net group. This study indicates that the net modification was capable of reducing bycatch. Raising of trammel net above the lead line from muddy ground prevent discarding of demersal species from net. Therefore the height of guarding net is an important criterion for bycatch reduction.
Campylobacter heat resistance - past, current status and future prospect for New Zealand and beyond

New Zealand has a much higher rate of reported campylobacteriosis cases than the rest of the developed world. It has been assumed that New Zealand C. jejuni strains have greater heat tolerance and thus are better able to survive cooking. Therefore there is a need to fully determine the temperature dependence of Campylobacter spp. and to update the current knowledge of kinetic parameters such as D and z values of Campylobacter spp. The significantly higher reported D- values for Campylobacter spp. already seen in the Netherlands requires a practical stance in ensuring appropriate evaluation of thermal process lethality of Campylobacter spp. An extensive search of data bases for publications on Campylobacter heat resistance was conducted. The kinetic parameters obtained in New Zealand under isothermal and dynamic conditions in broths or in food matrix are broadly in agreement with previously published international data and do not indicate that New Zealand strains are more heat resistant than other strains. This finding has a significant impact to regulators, consumers, food industry and researchers as it has revealed the scientific evidence to maintain the standards for the heat treatment practices. Any change of heat treatment practice can cause unpredicted loss to the poultry industry and challenges the regulatory bodies to convey the message of altering the consumers cooking temperature to all consumers with a short time given the reluctance of consumers in using thermometers to verify the cooking temperature at home. Consumers play an important role in making certain the food they prepare is safe by preventing cross-contamination in order to avoid the risk of food borne diseases.
Biomedical Potential of Seaweeds from Gulf of Mannar Coastal Waters

3 Abstract: The present study has been focused on to investigate the role of extracts of seaweeds Enteromorpha intestinalis and Sarconema furcellatum against human pathogens. The crude extract of the seaweeds have shown promising activity against most of the screened pathogens. The green algae Enteromorpha intestinalis was very active against human pathogens and could be a good source for the isolation of novel compounds. In partitioning crude extract portioned between ethylacetate, butanol and water. The activity of each phase was screened using disc diffusion method. Among them ethyl acetate phase was found to have good activity indicated the nonpolar nature of the active compound.
Seasonal patterns in diversity and abundance of the High Antarctic meroplankton: Plankton sampling using a Ross Sea desalination plant

The Antarctic marine environment is thermally stable, yet shows pronounced seasonality in the light : dark cycle, primary productivity, and the extent of sea‐ice cover. Thorson's Rule, predicting reduced meroplankton diversity at high latitudes, was based on the perceived difficulties in completing larval development at low temperatures and within the short summer period of phytoplankton production. Yet few studies have addressed seasonal patterns in Antarctic meroplankton diversity and abundance, especially in the High Antarctic. Here we circumvented logistical difficulties in conducting winter plankton sampling by using the 100‐µm primary filter on the desalination plant at Scott Base in McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea (77°51′S), to sample embryos and larvae. Using samples from an entire calendar year we found no seasonal changes in either embryo or larval operational taxonomic unit (OTU) diversity with season, no seasonal changes in embryo abundance (5000 L−1), but a peak in larval abundance during the period of the summer phytoplankton bloom (maximum 295 larvae 5000 L−1). While some OTUs showed a strong seasonality, there was also a high diversity of both embryos and larvae during the autumn and winter, and some OTUs were present in the meroplankton year‐round. Annelids, molluscs, and echinoderms were dominant members of the Ross Sea meroplankton, showing similar prevalence to that seen at Signy (60°43′S) and Adelaide Islands (67°34.5′S). The use of the desalination plant primary filter allows plankton samples to be collected year‐round, even in the High Antarctic with permanent sea‐ice and 4 months of 24‐h darkness.
Transmission and overseasoning of Diaporthe adunca on Plantago lanceolata

To obtain a better understanding of the onset and the progress of epidemics caused by Diaporthe adunca on Plantago lanceolata we investigated the role of the asexual phase of the fungus not only in the transmission of the disease from season to season, but also in the spread of the fungus within the same season. Splash dispersal of conidia during rain episodes proved to be an effective method for the spread of the fungus. Conidial production by pycnidia present on scapes left on the ground during winter was delayed in comparison to that of pycnidia produced on greenhouse infected scapes, indicating that the fungus overwinters with immature pycnidia. Latent infections occurred in 8.3% of the seedlings which emerged from seeds originating from infected spikes. A scenario for the transmission and spread of the fungus is proposed. [KEYWORDS: Pseudocercosporella-herpotrichoides spores; infected wheat straw; aerial dispersal; phomopsis; splash; communities; pathogens; helianthi; inoculum; nodorum]
Metabolic Responses of Hybrid Bermudagrass to Short-term and Long-term Drought Stress

The accumulation of different types of metabolites may reflect variations in plant adaptation to different severities or durations of drought stress. The objectives of this project are to examine changes in metabolomic profiles and determine predominant metabolites in response to short-term (6 days) and long-term (18 days) drought stress with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis in a C4 perennial grass species. Plants of hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon · C. transvaalensis cv. Tifdwarf) were unirrigated for 18 days to induce drought stress in growth chambers. Physiological responses to drought stress were evaluated by visual rating of grass quality, relative water content, photochemical efficiency, and electrolyte leakage (EL). All parameters decreased significantly at 6 and 18 days of drought stress, except EL, which increased with the duration of drought stress. Under short-term drought stress (6 days), the content did not change significantly for most metabolites, except methionine, serine, g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), isoleucine, and mannose. Most metabolites showed higher accumulation under long- term drought stress compared with that under the well-watered conditions, including three organic acids (malic acid, galacturonic acid, and succinic acid), 10 amino acids (proline, asparagine, phenylalanine, methionine, serine, 5-hydroxynorvaline, GABA, glycine, theorine, valine), seven sugars (sucrose, glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, maltose, xylose), one nitrogen compound (ethanolamine), and two-sugar alcohol (myo-inositol). The accumulation of those metabolites, especially malic acid, proline, and sucrose, could be associated with drought adaptation of C4 hybrid bermudagrass to long-term or severe drought stress.
Basic Moods

The hypothesis that some moods are emotions has been rejected in philosophy, and is an unpopular alternative in psychology. This is because there is wide agreement that moods have a number of features distinguishing them from emotions. These include: lack of an intentional object and the related notion of lack of a goal; being of long duration; having pervasive or widespread effects; and having causes rather than reasons. Leading theories of mood have tried to explain these purported features by describing moods as global changes in the mind affecting such things as predispositions to holding certain beliefs or the thresholds for triggering a range of relevant behaviors. I show instead that our best understanding of emotions can show that basic emotions either have or can appear to have each of these features. Thus, a plausible hypothesis is that certain moods are emotions. This theory is more parsimonious than the global change theories, and for this reason is to be preferred as an explanation of some moods.
Factors Associated With Kyphosis and Kyphosis Progression in Older Men: The MrOS Study

Hyperkyphosis (HK), or increased anterior curvature of the thoracic spine, is common in older persons. Although it is thought that vertebral fractures are the major cause of HK, only about a third of those with the worst degrees of kyphosis have underlying vertebral fractures. In older men, HK is associated with increased risk of poor physical function, injurious falls, and earlier mortality, but its causes are not well understood. We studied 1092 men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study aged 64 to 92 years (mean age 72.8 years) who had repeated standardized radiographic measures of Cobb angle of kyphosis to identify risk factors for HK (defined as ≥50 degrees) and kyphosis progression over an interval of 4.7 years. Specifically, we examined the associations with age, body mass index (BMI), weight, weight loss, health behaviors, family history of HK, muscle strength, degenerative disc disease (DDD), bone mineral density (BMD), prevalent thoracic vertebral fractures, and incident thoracic vertebral fractures (longitudinal analyses only). Men had an average baseline kyphosis of 38.9 (standard deviation [SD] 11.4) degrees. Fifteen percent had HK (n = 161) with a mean Cobb angle of 56.7 (SD = 6.0) degrees; these men were older (p < 0.01), had lower BMI (p < 0.01), lower BMD (p < 0.01), were more likely to have family history of HK (p = 0.01), and prevalent thoracic vertebral fracture (p < 0.01) compared with the men without HK. During follow‐up, men experienced an average of 1.4 degrees of kyphosis progression with DDD (p = 0.04) and lower hip BMD (p < 0.01) being identified as statistically significant and incident vertebral fractures (p = 0.05) nearly significant factors associated with worse progression. These results suggest that in older men, HK results from not only low BMD and vertebral fractures but that DDD also may play a significant role in kyphosis progression. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
DSAEK Centration and Interface Folds: Surgical Management.

PURPOSE To describe a method to center a Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty lamellar graft and address interface folds. METHODS A novel technique to center a Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty graft without undue manipulation of endothelial surface using a STC-6 needle passed obliquely through the anterior corneal surface to engage and progress the lenticule along the posterior surface after injection of air. RESULT Centration of graft achieved and macroscopic folds resolved. CONCLUSIONS Here, we describe an atraumatic and reproducible method for graft centration.
Metabolite fingerprint analysis of cervical cancer using LC-QTOF/MS and multivariate data analysis

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer in females worldwide, as yet, the metabolic alterations that are specific for the development of CC have not been fully determined, which also precludes the early diagnosis and prognosis of this pathology. In this pilot study, we determined the metabolic fingerprint of urine samples from women diagnosed with CC and women not diagnosed with CC using LC (Agilent 1290 Infinity LC System) coupled with Q-TOF/MS (Agilent, 6550 iFunnel) and independent variable analysis. Urine fingerprints allowed for the discrimination of women diagnosed with CC from the control subjects. In addition, we identified a set of metabolites with a strong discriminative power, such as 3-methylhistidine, citric acid, cytosine, indoleacetic acid, salicyluric acid, L-methionine, aminomalonic acid, glutaric acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and N-acetylornithine, which are involved in key metabolic pathways such as the citrate cycle, lysine degradation, tryptophan metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, etc. Finally, we provide evidence for the implication of these compounds in metabolic routes that may be associated with the early genesis of CC, which highlights their potential use as prognostic markers for the identification of women at risk of developing CC. Urine fingerprints reveal disease-specific metabolic imbalances in women diagnosed with CC .
Teachers’ networked professional learning with MOOCs

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are used to support professional learning at scale in many countries. The present study examined a MOOC named Flipped Classrooms that was specially designed for in-service teachers in China. This MOOC was offered for seven consecutive iterations across three years and allowed teachers to re-take this course in connection with their teaching practice. Overall, 16% of all 105,370 learners enrolled in at least two iterations of the MOOC. To understand their learning motivations, their learning engagement within the MOOC, and the connections they forged between the MOOC and their teaching, we conducted a mixed-methods study using multiple data sources including course registration records, course entry surveys, learning performance data, click logs, and semi-structured interviews. Results indicated that teacher-learners re-took the MOOC for various reasons such as refreshing domain understanding, improving grades, and addressing practical problems. Click log analysis found MOOC re-takers with different performance trajectories demonstrated distinct learning patterns across iterations. Qualitative analysis of the interview data revealed additional insights into learning within the MOOC and connections forged by the re-takers between the MOOC and their teaching practice. This study contributes fresh insights into the MOOC literature by investigating MOOC re-takers and sheds light on the promise of using MOOC to support networked professional learning. Implications for future MOOCs and teacher learning opportunities are discussed.
De-mystifying the epigenetic free for all : pharmacophore modeling for epigenetic cancer therapy

Epigenetic regulators have quickly become one of the most widely studied therapeutic agents for a vast array of diseases, making histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) and DNA methyl-transferase (DNMT) inhibitors commonly used molecules in pre-clinical and clinical anti-cancer studies. Their ability to regulate gene expression and to potentiate the effects of other chemotherapeutic drugs has put HDIs and DNMT inhibitors in the spotlight not only as single agents, but also as combined therapy. The plethora of HDIs and DNMT inhibitors available nowadays has led to promising results in Phase I, II and III clinical oncology studies. While it was first believed that these molecules would all have an additive or synergistic effect when combined with the classical chemotherapeutic drugs available, our group and others have shown that epigenetic regulators potentiate the effects of some, but not all, anti-cancer molecules. Pharmacophore modeling may therefore serve the purpose to optimize pre-clinical research and to develop more efficient and targeted therapies incorporating epigenetic regulators.
Top tips for interprofessional education and collaborative practice research: a guide for students and early career researchers

ABSTRACT Interprofessional research within the contexts of education and health and social care practice has grown exponentially within the past three decades. To maintain the momentum of high-quality research, it is important that early career researchers embarking on their first research journey and new to interprofessional education or interprofessional collaborative practice feel supported in making their contribution to the field. This guide, developed by the Center for the Advancement of Interprofessional Education (CAIPE) Research Group, has been written with these groups in mind who are embarking on their first research journey, and new to the interprofessional field. It aims to raise awareness of academic resources and share practical advice from those who have previously experienced problems when undertaking interprofessional research in education or health and social care practice.
Penalty-coupled trimmed NURBS shell structures in explicit dynamic analysis: Explicit IBRA, time step size and stabilization

We explore Isogeometric Analysis with the aim to speed up the virtual (vehicle) development process, still dominated by FE model generation and error-prone data transfer between CAD and analysis. Our approach is to perform structural analysis directly on trimmed NURBS-based B-Rep CAD models without or with a minimum number of modiﬁcations. This requires that we can (i) handle the numerical integration of trimmed elements and (ii) apply boundary and coupling conditions on trimmed NURBS patches. Isogeometric B-Rep Analysis (IBRA) [1] covers all these capabilities and allows for a completely new feature-based analysis paradigm as the analysis model directly inherits the CAD data structure including trimming and topology information. That is, CAD features like cut-outs, beadings or trimmed edges are also identiﬁed as such in the analysis model. This allows assigning analysis related information like material properties or boundary, coupling and loading conditions directly to features instead of individual nodes/elements as in FEA. Based on the same consistent data structure, design modiﬁcations on the CAD model (e.g. change of position or size of a hole) are automatically updated in the analysis
Character aware models with similarity learning for metaphor detection

Recent work on automatic sequential metaphor detection has involved recurrent neural networks initialized with different pre-trained word embeddings and which are sometimes combined with hand engineered features. To capture lexical and orthographic information automatically, in this paper we propose to add character based word representation. Also, to contrast the difference between literal and contextual meaning, we utilize a similarity network. We explore these components via two different architectures - a BiLSTM model and a Transformer Encoder model similar to BERT to perform metaphor identification. We participate in the Second Shared Task on Metaphor Detection on both the VUA and TOFEL datasets with the above models. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method as it outperforms all the systems which participated in the previous shared task.