Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to Support Children with Mathematical Learning Disabilities Learning to Play an Instrument

In this study, children with a mathematical learning disability ( 𝑛 = 1 4 ) and age-matched peers without learning disabilities ( 𝑛 = 1 4 ) as well as their parents and teachers were interviewed on how they experienced playing an instrument (guitar, drum, flute, violin, trombone, horn, and piano) and on what helped them using a qualitative interactive interview with a flexible agenda to discover the interviewee’s own framework of meanings. Thematic analyses mentioned intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy as important. Some children with MLD were found to have a real musical talent and a very good musical ear and memory for sounds. However, all children with MLD seemed more dependent on the aid of parents, sibling, peers, and teachers. They had to study harder and needed more time to study, more practice, and a more structured approach.
Adding more value to added-value. An exploration of consumers’ perceptions of improved animal welfare standards in organic production processes

Recent studies reveal that consumers respond favourably to “organic plus” products with additional ethical attributes. The aim of the current study is to explore whether consumers would notice and value further improvements in the animal welfare standards than those imposed by the organic regulation. The results of a qualitative concept test reveal positive attitudes towards the proposed production process. The discussions about fewer standards being sufficient or about options “in-between” conventional and organic standards indicate that the difference in production processes is noticed, yet it is probably valued less than expected. The added attributes need to be thoroughly considered when developing and marketing “organic plus” products, as their effect on other product characteristics (e.g. high prices) can detract from their added value.
Age-resolved chemistry of red giants in the solar neighbourhood

In the age of high-resolution spectroscopic stellar surveys of the Milky Way, the number of stars with detailed abundances of multiple elements is rapidly increasing. These elemental abundances are directly influenced by the evolutionary history of the Galaxy, but this can be difficult to interpret without an absolute timeline of the abundance enrichment. We present age-abundance trends for [M/H], [α/M], and 17 individual elements using a sample of 721 solar neighbourhood Hipparcos red giant stars observed by Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment. These age trends are determined through a Bayesian hierarchical modelling method presented by Feuillet et al. We confirm that the [α/M]-age relation in the solar neighbourhood is steep and relatively narrow (0.20 dex age dispersion), as are the [O/M]-age and [Mg/M]-age relations. The age trend of [C/N] is steep and smooth, consistent with stellar evolution. The [M/H]-age relation has a mean age dispersion of 0.28 dex and a complex overall structure. The oldest stars in our sample are those with the lowest and highest metallicities, while the youngest stars are those with solar metallicity. These results provide strong constraints on theoretical models of Galactic chemical evolution (GCE). We compare them to the predictions of one-zone GCE models and multizone mixtures, both analytic and numerical. These comparisons support the hypothesis that the solar neighbourhood is composed of stars born at a range of Galactocentric radii, and that the most metal-rich stars likely migrated from a region with earlier and more rapid star formation such as the inner Galaxy. (Less)
ANXIOGENIC EFFECTS OF AUDITORY STIMULI AS MEASURED WITH ACOUSTIC STARTLE

Increased startle has been associated with increased levels of anxiety. Auditory stimuli facilitate startle suggesting that the auditory stimuli increase levels of anxiety. We have found that presentation of a moderate intensity (60 dB) tone facilitates startle in C57BL/6J mice and the facilitation persists after the offset of the tone. Because auditory stimuli activate neural regions related to anxiety, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), we investigated whether the persistent elevation in startle after the offset of a tone is due to a tone-induced anxiety state. In these three experiments, we examined if it was the tone that induced the elevation of inter-trial interval (ITI) startle amplitudes, whether this effect persisted over multiple tone presentations, and the effects of administering the anxiolytic drug buspirone on the ITI startle enhancement. The experimental session used for assessing the nature of the ITI startle elevations consisted of a series of consecutive startle stimuli (pre-tones, 20 msec noise burst) for measuring baseline startle followed by 27 tones (12 kHz, 60 dB, 30 sec) intermixed with 27 startle stimuli (same as pre-tones). Startle amplitude after the offset of tones was significantly higher than startle amplitude to the initial pre-tone stimuli. The elevation in startle after the offset of the tones was reduced by pre-test administration of the anxiolytic buspirone (4mg/kg). These data suggest that in mice, a moderate intensity tone produces a persistent elevation in startle that may be related to a tone-induced anxious state. Dedication I dedicate this to my younger sister. Thanks for always believing in me.
Electrochemical Preparation and Characterization of Mn5O8 Nanostructures

Electrochemical synthesis followed by heat-treatment is a facile and easy method for preparation of nanostructured metal oxides. Herein we report nanostructured Mn5O8 prepared through pulse cathodic deposition followed by heat-treatment for the first time. For the preparation of Mn5O8 nanorods, pulse cathodic electrodeposition was first done from 0.005M Mn(NO3)2 at the current density of 5 mA cm-2 which yield Mn3O4 precursor. Then, heat-treatment of the deposited precursor was performed to obtain final Mn5O8 product. The structural and morphological properties of the prepared product were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TEM techniques. The analysis results revealed that the prepared sample has pure Mn5O8 composition with rod morphology at nanoscale. Mechanism of deposit formation during pulse deposition was proposed and discussed. The formation of Mn5O8 nanorods via calcination of Mn3O4 precursor was also studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results suggested that the cathodic electrodeposition-heat treatment method can be considered as simple and facile route for preparation of Mn5O8 nanorods.
What hides behind extended periods of youth unemployment? Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Preliminary Version)

This paper provides the first empirical analysis on youth unemployment duration in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The study is based on micro data from the Household Survey Panel Series (2001-04). We formulate the problem within a duration model framework. Semiparametric methods are used and compared to alternative approaches. The analyses are carried out separately for young men and women to take into account the traditional pattern of the domestic division of labour between genders. Our results indicate that the speed with which an unemployed young person finds employment is partly a function of his/her particular characteristics. We also find significant gender dierences in factors aecting the prospects of access to employment. We further observe that for young men as well as young women there is strong evidence for non-monotonic duration dependence. These results turn out to remain robust to dierent specifications and to the introduction of unobserved heterogeneity.
A Biomechanical Method for Reconstruction of Tumbling Trampoline- Associated Cervical Spine Injuries Using Human and Anthropometric Test Dummy Data

BackgroundRebound devices such as trampolines are associated with catastrophic spinal cord injuries. Cadaveric studies have reported thresholds for injuries that can be applied to the case of failed acrobatics such as backward somersaults. However, it remains unclear whether falls on rebound surfaces should be expected to cause neurological injuries in the majority of cases or only in unfortunate exceptions. The purpose of the current study is to demonstrate the risk of injury associated with a failed backflip performed on a rebound device such as a trampoline or tumbling trampoline.MethodsBackward somersault kinematic data was acquired using subjects fitted with a safety harness. This data was then applied to a testing rig designed to set a Hybrid III Anthropometric Test Dummy (ATD) in rotation and released at precise timing so as to reproduce failed backward somersaults. The ATD was instrumented to measure rotational rate, head acceleration as well as stresses in the lower cervical region.ResultsThe axial compression, shear force and flexion moment measured on average (SD) were respectively 1700 (470) N, 909 (667) N, and 360 (122) Nm while the threshold for bilateral facet joint dislocation (BFD) shown by previous cadaver studies showed a significantly lower threshold (p <0.001). Combined results have shown a likelihood of BFD for failed somersaults on tumbling trampolines ranging from 47 to 99%. ConclusionFailed backward somersaults causing BFD are also likely to cause neurological damage. Therefore, use of rebound devices requires the need for progressive skill achievement; supervision for beginners and the use of additional safety measures must be emphasized to prevent inverted vertical falls resulting in the specific combination of forces necessary to cause BFD.
Conceptualizing Innovation Orientation: A Framework for Study and Integration of Innovation Research*

The term innovation orientation has been frequently used in the innovation literature, but with a mix of conceptualizations and meanings. Drawing from work found in the innovation, management, and marketing literatures over the past 35 years, the concept of innovation orientation as a system is conceptualized and defined in this article. The domain of innovation orientation is delineated as a multidimensional knowledge structure and a framework for understanding innovation orientation and its consequences in an organizational context are developed. The framework defines the innovation orientation knowledge structure as composed of a learning philosophy, strategic direction, and transfunctional beliefs within an organization that define and direct the organizational strategies and actions toward specific innovation-enabling competencies and processes. These innovation-oriented firm competencies are in the areas of resource allocation, technology, employees, operations, and markets. The framework then explains that these appropriately developed innovation-enabling competencies lead to innovation outcomes, specifically ideal innovation form, type, and rate that, in turn, affect firm performance. An inventory of propositions for future research that correspond to the innovation orientation concept is also presented in this comprehensive framework. This study provides two important contributions to the existing innovation literature. First, the article examines the vast innovation literature to arrive at a clear definition of the innovation orientation construct to provide a consistent conceptualization for future research. Second, the article develops a comprehensive, organized framework for understanding innovation orientation and its effects. In doing this, the framework extends the dynamic capabilities research stream by offering an explanation of how innovation orientation fosters the development of organizational competencies and makes it possible for a firm to recognize and respond to shifts in market dynamism.
Methods and meanings: Reflections on reflexivity and flexibility in an intercultural ethnographic study of an activist organization

Through an intermingling of narratives, my personal reflections, and secondary scholarly research, this article briefly details my ethnographic study and explores the importance of viewing organizations through an intercultural lens. I also argue for including the study of organizations in considerations of intercultural communication. In addition, I examine two concepts that are important for intercultural communication studies, the concepts of reflexivity and flexibility in ethnographic research, and I thereby argue for the importance of these concepts when studying organizational culture. Finally, I share reflections of my experience researching an unfamiliar organizational culture (an activist organization) and present my most significant findings from my study while foregrounding the important impact of careful attention to reflexivity (including positionality and recording emotions) and flexibility in ethnographic intercultural research.
Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Beef in Namibia

Aim: The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in raw beef produced from selected commercial abbatoirs in Namibia. Methodology: A total of 9508 of beef samples from three different types of samples; meat cuts, carcass swabs and meat fluid were collected from the three local abattoirs over a period of two years starting from January 2008 to December 2009. Pre - enrichment for isolati on of Salmonella was done in Buffered peptone water followed by enrichment in the Rappaport - Vassiliadis and selenite cystine broth. The isolation of Salmonella was done on Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate and Brilliant Green agar followed by biochemical confirm ation and serotyping according to Kauffman White scheme. Results: The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 0.85 % for beef samples derived from meat cuts, meat fluid and carcass swabs. The prevalence of Salmonella in carcass swabs (2.67 %) was significantly different ( P = 0.0 5) from that of meat cuts (0.50 % ) and meat fluid (0.43 %). No significant difference ( P = 0.05) on the prevalence of Salmonella existed between the meat cuts and meat fluid. A total of 34 different types of Salmonella serovars were identified with S. Chester being the most frequently isolated serovars (n = 12), followed by S. Reading and S . Bredeney (n = 6) and S. Typhimurium (n = 5). Conclusions: The prevalence of Salmonella in raw beef found in this survey was lower than those observed in Sub Sahara Africa with S. Chester being the most prevalent serovar. Original Research Article
Patterns of bushmeat hunting and perceptions of disease risk among central African communities

There is a great need to determine the factors that influence the hunting, butchering and eating of bushmeat to better manage the important social, public health and conservation consequences of these activities. In particular, the hunting and butchering of wild animals can lead to the transmission of diseases that have potentially serious consequences for exposed people and their communities. Comprehension of these risks may lead to decreased levels of these activities. To investigate these issues, 3971 questionnaires were completed to examine the determinants of the hunting, butchering and eating of wild animals and perceptions of disease risk in 17 rural central African villages. A high proportion of individuals reported perceiving a risk of disease infection with bushmeat contact. Individuals who perceived risk were significantly less likely to butcher wild animals than those who perceived no risk. However, perception of risk was not associated with hunting and eating bushmeat (activities that, compared with butchering, involve less contact with raw blood and body fluids). This suggests that some individuals may act on perceived risk to avoid higher risk activity. These findings reinforce the notion that conservation programs in rural villages in central Africa should include health‐risk education. This has the potential to reduce the levels of use of wild animals, particularly of certain endangered species (e.g. many non‐human primates) that pose a particular risk to human health. However, as the use of wild game is likely to continue, people should be encouraged to undertake hunting and butchering more safely for their own and their community's health.
Health Relevant Behavior and its Impact on the Physician-Patient Relationship

The importance of the physician-patient relationship for the health care market is beyond controversy. Recent work emphasizes a two-sided asymmetric information relationship between physician and patient. In contrast to most work looking only at the physician's perspective, our paper concentrates on the patient's view. Estimation results support the hypotheses that physician consultation and health relevant behavior are not stochastically independent. In the recursive bivariate probit model, patient’s health relevant behavior has a significant influence on the probability of a physician visit. This means that health care demand and not only the contact decision is determined by both, patient and physician.
Parametric survey of longitudinal prominence oscillation simulations

It is found that both microflare-sized impulsive heating at one leg of the loop and a suddenly imposed velocity perturbation can propel the prominence to oscillate along the magnetic dip. An extensive parameter survey results in a scaling law, showing that the period of the oscillation, which weakly depends on the length and height of the prominence, and the amplitude of the perturbations, scales with $\sqrt{R/g_\odot}$, where $R$ represents the curvature radius of the dip, and $g_\odot$ is the gravitational acceleration of the Sun. This is consistent with the linear theory of a pendulum, which implies that the field-aligned component of gravity is the main restoring force for the prominence longitudinal oscillations, as confirmed by the force analysis. However, the gas pressure gradient becomes non-negligible for short prominences. The oscillation damps with time in the presence of non-adiabatic processes. Compared to heat conduction, the radiative cooling is the dominant factor leading to the damping. A scaling law for the damping timescale is derived, i.e., $\tau\sim l^{1.63} D^{0.66}w^{-1.21}v_{0}^{-0.30}$, showing strong dependence on the prominence length $l$, the geometry of the magnetic dip (characterized by the depth $D$ and the width $w$), and the velocity perturbation amplitude $v_0$. The larger the amplitude, the faster the oscillation damps. It is also found that mass drainage significantly reduces the damping timescale when the perturbation is too strong.
Guarato, Francesco and Mulholland, Anthony J. and Windmill, James F. and Gachagan, Anthony (2015) Radiation properties of truncated cones

Radiation properties of cones are used to steer energy from the side lobes toward the center of the beam pattern of an air-coupled source. Two structures of superposed truncated cones are designed and implemented in a finite element package to modify the beam pattern of a piston model simulating an air-coupled transducer. Results show how the energy from the sides of the beam is conveyed toward the center of it thus widening the main lobe angular domain and smoothing the beam curve. This work is intended to support methods for range estimation performed with air-coupled transducers and localization strategies with broadband ultrasonic signals, as well as to investigate mathematical relationships at the base of radiation properties of conical structures. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of 2015 ICU Metz.
First negative system of N 2 + in aurora: simultaneous space-borne and ground-based measurements and modeling results

Abstract. The auroral emission of the first negative system of N2+ at 427.8 nm is analyzed using simultaneous measurements from the ground with ALIS (Auroral Large Imaging System) and from space with optical (MAC) and particle (ESA) instruments of the Reimei satellite. The study has two main objectives. The first is validation of the absolute calibration of the ALIS and the Reimei MAC cameras. The other task is to evaluate different cross sections of the electron excitation of N2+ that are used for the modeling of the auroral 1N system emissions. The simultaneous measurements of the 427.8 nm emission by ALIS and Reimei imagers show excellent agreement, indicating that the calibration of the two instruments is correct. Comparison of the 427.8 nm emission intensity calculated using the incident electron flux measured by the Reimei particle instruments with intensities measured by the optical imagers show that the best match is reached with the cross section from Shemansky and Liu (2005).
Effects of density-dependence and climate on the dynamics of a Svalbard reindeer population

Solberg, E. J., Jordhoy, P., Strand, O. , Aanes, R. , Loison, A. , Saether, B. -E. andLinnell, J. D. C. 2001. Effects of density-dependence and climate on the dynamics ofa Svalbard reindeer population. – Ecography 24: 441–451.To determine the main factors affecting the population dynamics of Svalbardreindeer, we analysed 21 yr of annual censuses, including data on population size,recruitment rate (calves per female) and mortality (number of deaths), from theReindalen reindeer population. In accordance with previous studies on populationdynamics of Svalbard reindeer, we found large inter-annual variation in populationsize, mortality and recruitment rates within the study area. Population size decreasedin years with low recruitment rate as well as high winter mortality and vice versa.Apparently, the ﬂuctuations were due to both direct density-dependent food limita-tion and variation in winter climate associated with high precipitation and icing ofthe feeding range. We found no delayed density-dependence or effect of climaticconditions during summer on the population dynamics. The mortality during die-offyears was mainly of calves and very old individuals, indicating that the populationwas more vulnerable to high die off in years following high recruitment rate. Theseresults suggest an unstable interaction between the reindeer population and its foodsupply in these predator-free environments.