Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autoigniton of n-Butanol at Low to Intermediate Temperature and Elevated Pressure

Autoignition delay experiments were performed for n-butanol in a heated rapid compression machine. Experiments were performed at pressures of 15 and 30 bar, in the temperature range 650-900 K, and for equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. Additionally, the initial fuel mole fraction and initial oxygen mole fraction were varied independently to determine the influence of each on ignition delay. Over the conditions studied, it was found that the reactivity of the mixture increased as equivalence ratio, initial fuel mole fraction or initial oxygen mole fraction increased. A non-linear correlation to the experimental data was performed and showed nearly second order dependence on the initial oxygen mole fraction and nearly first order dependence on initial fuel mole fraction and compressed pressure. This was the first study of the ignition of n-butanol in this temperature and pressure range, and contributes to a better understanding of the chemistry of this fuel under the conditions relevant to practical devices. Experimentally measured ignition delays were compared against the ignition delay computed from several reaction mechanisms in the literature. The agreement between experiments and simulations was found to be unsatisfactory. Sensitivity analysis was performed and indicated that the uncertainties of the rate constants of parent fuel decomposition reactions play a major role in causing the poor agreement. Further path analysis of the fuel decomposition reactions supported this conclusion and highlighted the particular importance of certain pathways. Based on these results, it was concluded that further investigation of the fuel decomposition, including speciation measurements, will be required.
Combined Effect Of Window-To-Wall Ratio And Wall Composition On Energy Consumption

Passive architectural techniques have been always recommended in order to maintain comfort inside buildings. In air-conditioned buildings, they will be of benefit in reducing the energy consumed for heating, cooling and artificial lighting. Windows are considered weak points in the building envelope due to their lower resistance to heat transfer than opaque parts. By minimizing the window-to-wall ratio (WWR), a higher potential of controlling heat flow is possible due to the presence of larger solid areas that can be thermally insulated, however, this can also lead to an increase in energy consumed by artificial lighting. By increasing WWR, the energy consumed for lighting decreases. However, the space, then, becomes more liable for heat transfer by conduction and for being penetrated by direct solar radiation, both that can cause an increase in energy consumed for cooling, while in the meantime, opaque parts of smaller area would be of a smaller mitigating effect. This research aims at exploring the effect of WWR and wall composition on energy consumption, and at defining the appropriate wall compositions for different WWRs as well as at defining the turning point after which thermal treatments of opaque parts of the envelope becomes relatively of no significant benefit. Test rooms including WWR ranging from 0-100% and wall compositions with and without thermal insulation layers ranging from 1-10cm were modelled and simulated for energy performance under different climates. Energy consumption results of the different alternatives were compared, and recommendations were outlined.
The Effect of Trunk Muscle Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Background: The purpose of this study is to find how trunk muscles mainly used in cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, including pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, and erector spinae, influence the result of 8-minute when the muscles have six-weeks plank exercise, and to analyze the duration time of exercise effect. Methods: Study subjects were 30 participants taking a relevant course for 24 months. After they had plank exercise for six weeks, they didn't have any exercises including plank exercise for six weeks. As such, the students participated in the 12-weeks program. For chest compression simulation, a practictical mannequin was used. Without any respiration, a single rescuer continued to perform only chest compression for 8 minutes. Results: Regarding their change in a muscle mass by plank exercise, there was a statistically significant difference in the change from 4th to 8th week after the program (p<.01). The muscle activity change had a statistically significant difference from 3rd to 10th week (p<.01). The chest compression depth had a statistically significant difference from 4th to 8th week (p<.01). The chest compression rate didn't had a statistically significant difference for 12 weeks. In addition, insufficient chest relaxation height after compression had a statistically significant difference from 4th to 10th week(p<.01). The chest compression maintenance time had a statistically significant difference from 2nd to 12th week (p<.01). Conclusion: If the study subjects have three sets of plank exercise program for five weeks, which consisted of one set of 10 times of 30-second motion and 20-second rest and does not have up to two weeks of detraining, the plank exercise is considered to be helpful for them in out of hospital cardiac arrest at the time when there is no use of mechanical chest compression device.Trial registration: The study was registered on 12/15/2015 in the Chungnam National University Hospital with number 2015-10-035-005.
Model Adaptive Blended Curriculum (ABC) sebagai Inovasi Kurikulum dalam Upaya Mendukung Pemerataan Pendidikan

Indonesia merupakan negara yang luas baik dari segi geografis maupun budaya. Dengan melihat perbedaan tersebut, tentunya tiap-tiap sumber daya manusia pada tiap-tiap wilayah menjadi lebih beragam. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengajukan suatu inovasi model kurikulum yang dianggap tepat untuk diterapkan. Kurikulum yang baik di era sekarang tentunya tidak mengedepankan teacher centered learning, namun memprioritaskan student centered learning. Kurikulum secara adaptif sangat berpotensi untuk mewujudkan student centered learning. Maka dari itu, model semacam ini sangat tepat untuk diterapkan karena memenuhi unsur prinsip-prinsip dalam kurikulum, terutama prinsip relevansi dengan perkembangan zaman. Adaptive Blended Curriculum (ABC) merupakan suatu model inovasi kurikulum yang menekankan pada kurikulum secara blended (campuran) antara langsung dengan tidak langsung. Hasil dari kajian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu referensi alternatif dalam penerapan kurikulum yang layak di Indonesia. Indonesia is a vast country both geographically and culturally. By looking at these differences, of course, it makes each potential human resource in each region more diverse. So, this study aims to propose an innovative curriculum model that is considered appropriate to be applied. A good curriculum in the current era certainly does not prioritize teacher centered learning, but prioritizes student centered learning. Adaptive curriculum has the potential to realize student centered learning. Therefore, this kind of model is very appropriate to be applied because it fulfills the elements of the principles in the curriculum, especially the principle of relevance to the times. Adaptive Blended Curriculum (ABC) is a curriculum innovation model that emphasizes the curriculum blended direct and indirect. The results of this study are expected to become an alternative reference in implementing a proper curriculum in Indonesia.
Peripheral giant cell granuloma of maxilla: A case report

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) frequent oral giant cell lesion seen. It also known has “giant cell epulis. ” The stimulus presents accurate neoplasm initially, potentially reactive in nature. It develops in the soft-tissue usually. On superficial resorption of the underlying alveolar, one crest cupping noted. The author presents a case report of PGCG of maxilla and surgical method employed for treating it.
Exploring Critical Success Factors of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Malaysia

This study seeks to explore the critical success factors of education for sustainable development. As the world has realized a move towards sustainability is inevitable, sustainable development (SD) was adopted and headed by the United Nations. To embed the concept of sustainable development in the minds of young people who will be the future generations and to create the best practice and attitude towards environment, education for sustainable development (ESD) was introduced as an approach of teaching and learning in schools. Malaysia has implemented (ESD) and became a member of the Foundation of Environmental Education (FEE) and a member of the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) which is running the eco school program nationally. However, as the uptake of the ecoschool status and environmental excellence of ‘Green Flag’ is very low, this gives the hint of the need for these schools to be aware of the success factors which can lead to effective implementation of education for sustainable development. Hence, an exploratory study based on the grounded theory approach was conducted. The data was attained from interviews with eco leaders of awarded eco-schools and with a “program officer” of the eco-school program in WWF Malaysia. The findings suggest for a model that consists of 33 critical success factors of implementing (ESD), fulfilled through four main elements of 1) the eco- committee, 2) the teacher (eco leader), 3) the students and 4) the school management. This model can be used as guidelines for those seeking to effectively implement education for sustainable development in eco-schools. The findings also emphasize on the importance of cooperation and collaboration between the school community, the public and private agencies, and non-government agencies to fulfill the sustainable development goals.
Groundwater Affects the Geomorphic and Hydrologic Properties of Coevolved Landscapes

The hydrologic dynamics and geomorphic evolution of watersheds are intimately coupled—runoff generation and water storage are controlled by topography and properties of the surface and subsurface, while also affecting the evolution of those properties over geologic time. However, the large disparity between their timescales has made it difficult to examine interdependent controls on emergent hydrogeomorphic properties, such as hillslope length, drainage density, and extent of surface saturation. In this study, we develop a new model coupling hydrology and landscape evolution to explore how runoff generation affects long‐term catchment evolution, and analyze numerical results using a nondimensional scaling framework. We focus on hydrologic processes dominating in humid climates where storm runoff primarily arises from shallow subsurface flow and from precipitation on saturated areas. The model solves hydraulic groundwater equations to predict the water‐table elevation given prescribed, constant groundwater recharge. Water in excess of the subsurface capacity for transport becomes overland flow, which generates shear stress on the surface and may detach and transport sediment. This affects the landscape form that in turn affects runoff generation. We show that (a) four dimensionless parameters describe the possible steady state landscapes that coevolve under steady recharge; (b) hillslope length increases with increasing transmissivity relative to the recharge rate; (c) three topographic metrics—steepness index, Laplacian curvature, and topographic index—together provide a basis for interpreting landscapes that have coevolved with runoff generated via shallow subsurface flow. Finally we discuss the possibilities and limitations for quantitative comparisons between the model results and real landscapes.
Democratic Faculty of Education for Democratic Education.

The aim of the research is to reveal opinions of prospective teachers on democratic education and de- mocratic behaviors of teaching staff at the universities, based on opinions of both university prospective teachers and teaching staff. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used together. The sample of the study consists of 37 teaching staff and 152 senior students at the departments of Primary School Education, Science Education, Religious Culture and Ethics Education. To articulate the prospective teachers’ opinions about democracy and democratic education, a semi-structured interview form and a questionnaire were developed to see their self-efficacy. The “Democratic Class- room Management Scale” was used to collect data for self-evaluation of the teaching staff’s democratic behavior in the classroom. It was also adapted for the prospective teachers. Content analysis technique was used in analysis of the qualitative data. SPSS package program was used in analysis of quantitative data. In addition to frequency and percentage calculations, t test and ANOVA analyses were made. The study showed that the teaching staff considers their classroom practices democratic. However, the prospective teachers perceive the teaching staff moderately democratic. They, howe- ver, believe that they will grasp highly democratic attitudes in the class when they begin to teach.
Production and characterization of biosurfactant from bacillussubtilis MTCC441 and its evaluation to use as bioemulsifier for foodbio - preservative

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced by various bacteria and fungi which reduce surface and interfacial tension. The Bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 was used for the production of biosurfactant and biosurfactant activity was tested against different vegetable edible oils. The parameters for better growth of the bacterial strain was optimized and production of surfactant was carried out. The crude biosurfactant was extracted and the emulsification potency was assessed using different vegetable edible oils. Further, the rhamnolipid was detected from the extracted biosurfactant and was confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that strain showed high surfactant activity over the Gingelly oil, required mesophilic temperature and pH-7 for its better growth. The surfactant showed comparatively high emulsification index over Gingelly oil at the rate of 71%. The rhamnolipid was detected in the surfactant and IR spectrum showed a typical pattern of stretches for CH2, CH3 and C-O groups.
Role of Melatonin in Monochromatic Light Affecting the Expression of Somatostatin in Hypothalamus and Pituitary of Chicks

Background: Melatonin (MEL) plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of organism and the metabolism of cells. A study was conducted to explore the effect of MEL-mediated monochromatic light on the secretion of somatostatin (SST) in the hypothalamus and pituitary.Results: The newly hatched broilers were exposed to white (WL), red (RL), green (GL) and blue (BL) lights through the pinealectomy model. The results showed that SST immunoreactive neurons and fibers were distributed in hypothalamus. The mRNA and protein levels of SST and SST receptor 2 (SSTR2) in hypothalamus and pituitary in RL were higher than those of in GL and BL. After pinealectomy, mRNA and protein levels of SST and SSTR2 in hypothalamus and pituitary in different light groups were increased and the differences were disapeared. Meanwhile, the trend of SSTR5 mRNA in pituitary is the same as the SSTR2 mRNA in pituitary. In vitro, the exogenous SST inhibited the growth hormone (GH) secretion, and SSTR2 and SSTR5 selective antogonists promoted GH secretion. While, melatonin receptor 1b (Mel1b) and Mel1c selective antagonists increased relative concentraitons of SST in adenohypophysis cells.Conclusion: Monochromatic light affected the expression of SST in chick hypothalamus and pituitary. MEL via Mel1b and Mel1c decreased SST secretion under GL, which is related to inhibiting the combination of SST, SSTR2 and SSTR5 in adenohypophysis cells.
Factors Affecting Adoption of Emergency Evacuation Strategies in High-Rise Office Buildings

This study examined the evacuation strategies employed in high-rise buildings as well as determined factors influencing decision making in employing evacuation strategies in four selected high-rise buildings in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Through a case study evaluation involving interviews with facility/building managers, walk through observations of the case studies and analyses of evacuation exercise reports, the study found that total evacuation was the most practiced evacuation strategy with occasional phased evacuation at one of the case studies. The study identified reliable emergency response, building characteristics/fire safety features, and evacuation exercise as the most important factors influencing decision making in employing evacuation strategies. Occupant characteristics was found to be the least important factor. The argument is that, efficient emergency response, passive and active fire safety systems, and evacuation exercise routines mean that challenges posed by the characteristics of occupants could be overcome. This paper gives new insights on factors influencing decision making in employing suitable evacuation strategies. This would benefit stakeholders e.g. building owners, facility managers, health and safety managers when drafting business continuity plans.
Antioxidant Properties of Various Solvent Extracts of Indian Frankincense (Boswellia serrata) Oleogum Resin

Methanol, ethanol, acetone and water extracts of Indian Frankincense (Boswellia serrata) were evaluated for their total phenolic contents and antioxidant properties using various methods including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, iron (III) reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability index (Rancimat). The four extracts showed varying degrees of antioxidant activity in a dose - dependent manner in each assay. Methanol extract containing the highest amount of phenolic compounds exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity in all the assays used. Moreover, all the extracts were able to improve the oxidative stability of soybean oil as evaluated by the Rancimat test. On the basis of the results obtained, B. serrata oleo-gum resin was found to serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants due to their considerable antioxidant activity.
Book Recommendation to Wikipedia Article Readers in a University Library

Wikipedia has emerged as an important source of information for university students. It has been reported that university students tend to read and do research with Wikipedia articles more than they do with books, even when within a library. To encourage students to read library books as a more reliable source of information, a library system was developed for recommending library books to Wikipedia readers within a particular university library. The proposed system assigns a Nippon Decimal Classification (NDC) category to each Wikipedia article and recommends library books in the same NDC category to readers of the article. The recommended books are displayed to the reader with their covers and call numbers within that library. In the test implementation of the system, the precision of assigning NDC categories to Wikipedia articles using a convolutional neural network was as high as 87.4%, while the precision of selecting books for recommendation using a support vector machine reached 99.8%. In addition, 82.0% of the student subjects found at least one book that “I want to read” among three recommended books.
Bionic anti-adhesive electrode coupled with maize leaf microstructures and TiO2 coating

Recently, the electrosurgical electrode used in minimally invasive surgery is becoming more and more popular as it causes only a little trauma and slight pain, and has other advantages. However, its high working temperature, above 400 °C, often results in serious tissue adhesion on the surface of the electrode, which seriously affects the normal operation of the surgery. In this paper, we develop a novel type of electrode with a coupled bionic anti-adhesive surface by fabricating microstructures inspired by the maize leaf and coating a thin layer of TiO2 film on it. The grid-like microstructures inspired by the maize leaf were fabricated by laser marking technology. Then, the sol–gel method was chosen to prepare the TiO2 coating. The surface characterization of the electrode substrate, bionic electrode and coupled bionic electrode was carried out after fabrication. Afterwards, the wettability and components of these were measured and analysed, respectively. Furthermore, in order to determine the adhesion behaviour of different electrodes, electric cutting experiments were performed on fresh isolated animal liver tissue in detail. Finally, the relationships between adhesion mass, cutting time and cutting depth were also measured. The results show that the coupled bionic electrode surface has the most effective anti-adhesion performance compared with the bare original electrode surface under a high temperature. The investigations carried out in this work offer a promising way to design and fabricate anti-adhesive surfaces working at higher temperatures.
Substitutions of animal-based foods consumption and risk of hypertension: a cohort study

Background This study assessed the association between the consumption of animal-based foods (ABFs) and hypertension, a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The adverse effects of red and processed meat (RPM) consumption and the beneficial effects of dairy products consumption and other ABFs have been discovered separately; however, the constrained nature of food intake was typically ignored. We aimed to assess the substitution effects between RPM and other ABFs using compositional transformation substitution analysis and further compared this analysis with the traditional substitution analysis method. Methods We followed 5394 Chinese adults aged 18-60 years at baseline in the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 2004 to 2011. Food consumption was assessed using a combination of individual-based consecutive 24-h recalls and household-based food weighing approaches. Both traditional substitution analysis and substitution analysis based on compositional transformation were used to assess substitution effects. Results One-thousand-two-hundred-and-sixty-seven participants were newly-diagnosed with hypertension in the mean follow-up period of 6.2±0.02 years. The traditional substitution analysis found that substituting eggs for RPM was associated with a lower risk of hypertension ( HR =0.899, 95%CI:0.818, 0.989). Unlike the traditional model, the compositional transformation substitution analysis (1) found that replacing RPM with any other ABFs was associated with a lower risk of hypertension; (2) implemented substitution of one-to-many between RPM and other all ABFs; (3) found the different substitution effects between RPM and dairy products among participants whose proportions of different ABFs were different; (4) based on the constant substitution amount, substituting dairy products for RPM was associated with a greatest benefit in reducing the risk of hypertension. Conclusions The compositional transformation substitution analysis takes the constrained and relative nature of food consumption into account. This is a flexible approach to estimate substitution effects under different substitution patterns, to obtain personalized estimation effects based on different consumptions of ABFs at the individual level, and to provide an individualized dietary recommendation.