Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate H‐shaped absorbing boundary condition in frequency domain for scalar wave propagation in layered half‐space

An accurate absorbing boundary condition (ABC) is developed in frequency domain for finite element analysis of scalar wave propagation in unbounded layered half‐space. The proposed ABC is H‐shaped line that consists of two parts: a new ABC at horizontal bottom boundary of finite domain to replace semiinfinite strip below horizontal boundary and between two vertical boundaries, and a general consistent ABC at vertical lateral boundary to replace semiinfinite layered half‐space outside vertical boundary. The key point for constructing the ABC is that a new continued fraction (CF) is presented to expand dynamic stiffness of underlying half‐space, and the CF‐based stress‐displacement relationship is then transformed into an auxiliary variable system with square of horizontal wavenumber. The ABC has only one undetermined real parameter that is the CF‐order independent of frequency and incidence angle of propagating outgoing waves. The parameter can be chosen relatively small value to achieve an accurate ABC. Moreover, the ABC can couple seamlessly with finite element method of finite domain. The finite domain can be chosen very small size due to high accuracy of the ABC. Numerical examples are finally given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ABC.
A New Hybrid Fault Prognosis Method for MFS Systems Based on Distributed Neural Networks and Recursive Bayesian Algorithm

This article introduces a new hybrid prognosis method to predict a remaining useful lifetime (RUL) of multi-functional spoiler (MFS) systems. The MFS is vital to the healthy operation of aircraft spoiler control systems, and any fault or failure in these systems could compromise the safe operation of the aircraft. The proposed prognosis methodology is a hybrid framework composed of a failure parameter estimation unit and an RUL unit. The failure parameter estimation unit observes the failure parameters using distributed neural networks via available measurements of the MFS system. Simultaneously, the remaining useful life is anticipated by the RUL unit employing the estimated failure parameter with a recursive Bayesian algorithm. Moreover, a relative accuracy (RA) measure is invoked to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulink model of the MFS system is verified by experimental data of the LJ200 series aircraft under fight condition. Furthermore, simulation test results indicate a high accuracy of the distributed structure compared to a centralized network.
The Use of Generalized Gaussian Distribution in Vibroacoustic Detection of Power Transformer Core Damage

Vibroacoustic diagnostics (VM—Vibroacoustic Method) is one of the methods for diagnosing the active part of power transformers. Measurement technologies have been refined over the past several years, but the methods of analyzing data obtained in VM diagnostics are still in development. In most cases, they are based on a simple frequency spectrum analysis, and the diagnostic conclusions are subjective and depend on the expert’s professional experience. The article presents an objective method for the detection of transformer unit core damage, based on the analysis of the statistical properties of the vibration signal registered on the surface of the tank of an unloaded transformer in the steady state of vibrations (VM). The algorithm for proceeding further is: FFT analysis of the vibroacoustic signal, with the determination of the relative changes in vibration power as a function of frequency P r ( f ) and, finally, the determination of the statistic properties of the dataset P r ( f ) . The Generalized Gaussian Distribution (GGD) is used to describe the P r ( f ) set. The detector output values are the λ and p parameters of the GGD distribution. These two numerical values form the basis for the classification of the technical condition of the transformer unit core. The correctness of the described solution was verified on the example of ten pieces of 16 MVA power transformers with different operating times and degrees of wear.
Dynamic brittle fracture with eigenerosion enhanced material point method

This article proposes an approach to resolve the dynamic fracture of brittle materials by incorporating eigenerosion into the material point method (MPM) framework. The eigenerosion approach links the crack propagation to energy conservation based on the variational theory of fracture mechanics. This idea closely resembles the conventional treatment for the phase‐field method. The major difference is that the effective energy release rate of each particle that controls the crack propagation is only calculated within its neighborhood domain for the eigenerosion approach. Because evaluation of the material's fracture behavior can be decoupled from the governing equations as a separate solution step, the eigenerosion scheme allows straightforward implementation into any standard MPM solver with minor modifications. In addition, a phantom‐node method is employed to handle the preexisting crack. With these settings, the proposed model can capture complex fracture behaviors. Several representative benchmark tests demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the proposed model.
Occluded Thermal Face Recognition Using Bag of CNN ($Bo$CNN)

In this letter, we are proposing <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Bo$</tex-math></inline-formula>CNN architecture framework for occluded thermal face recognition. We analyzed the performance of Pretrained models using transfer learning and they exhibit promising results for thermal faces without occlusion. The performance degrades with occlusion. We have used different decision level fusion strategies post transfer learning for the performance enhancement of the pretrained models. All the fusion strategies used in the proposed work give better results compared to any of the single CNN architecture.
Does the longitudinal development of physical and anthropometric characteristics associate with professional career attainment in adolescent Australian footballers?

This study sought to longitudinally and retrospectively determine the relationship between professional career attainment and the development of anthropometric and physical qualities in junior Australian footballers. Eighty adolescent male Australian footballers from a single state academy previously selected onto an under 16 s talent development squad were classified by career attainment (professional team selection; n = 17 and non-selected; n = 63). Physical and anthropometric tests were conducted at the end of preseason during participation in under 16 and under 18 competitions. Tests included standing height, mass, stationary countermovement jumps, dynamic vertical jumps, 20-m sprints, agility and 20 m multistage fitness test. Both groups significantly improved all performance measures between the under 16 and under 18 levels. Athletes selected onto a professional team possessed significantly quicker 20-m sprint outcomes than non-selected athletes at both under 16 and under 18 levels, highlighting the importance of this physical capacity within talent development programmes. Binary logistic regression was unable to predict an effect of any measures on career attainment. An inability of the binary logistic regression to identify qualities predictive of long-term career success likely highlights limitations associated with utilising unidimensional models of assessment in talent identification practices. As such, development coaches and sport scientists should be aware that while physical capacities play a role in career attainment outcomes, other factors, such as tactical understanding and technical skill are also likely to be impactful.
Particle-Filtering-Based Prognostics for the State of Maximum Power Available in Lithium-Ion Batteries at Electromobility Applications

Nowadays, electric vehicles such as cars and bicycles are increasing their popularity due to the rising environmental consciousness. The autonomy required by these means of transport has marked a significant and steady growth in the development of battery technologies. In this sense, it is crucial to estimate and prognosticate critical parameters of battery packs such as the State of Charge (SOC), the State of Maximum Power Available (SoMPA), and the Failure Time. All these indicators are relevant to determine if both the energy stored in the battery of electric vehicles and power specifications are sufficient to successfully complete a required route, avoiding battery preventive disconnection before arrival. In this regard, this paper presents a novel approach to estimate and prognosticate the SOC and SoMPA of Lithium-Ion batteries in the context of electromobility applications. The proposed method uses the formulation of an optimization problem to find an analytical relationship between the SOC and the SoMPA; whereas the battery pack is modeled in terms of both the polarization resistance and the SOC. Particle filtering algorithms are used to compute online estimates and prognostic results, while the characterization of the usage profile of the battery bank is achieved using probability-based models (Markov chains). The problem of battery monitoring for an electric bicycle is used as a case study to validate the proposed scheme, when driven in flat and sloped routes to generate different usage profiles. It is demonstrated that the proposed methodology allows to successfully prognosticate both SOC and SoMPA when the future discharge current profile is characterized in terms of probability-based models.
Linearly polarized electroluminescence device in which the polarized plane can be rotated electrically using a chiral liquid crystalline semiconductor

In the electroluminescence from chiral liquid crystals comprising a bis(fluorophenyl)terthiophene unit with macroscopic polarization, two characteristic phenomena were observed. Firstly, linearly polarized light was emitted from the polarized liquid crystal phase under a DC bias, and the polarized plane of the electroluminescence was rotated by 90° owing to the inversion of the polarity of the DC bias applied during the phase transition from the chiral smectic A phase to the chiral crystal smectic phase. This resulted in a low threshold voltage in 2 μm thick samples having a symmetric structure. Secondly, the hole and electron injection barriers at the electrodes were significantly reduced by the internal electric field produced by the macroscopic polarization of the liquid crystal. This is the first report on linearly polarized electroluminescence with a polarized plane that can be rotated.
Feasibility Study of a New Security Verification Process Based on Face Recognition Technology at Airport

In order to optimize the mode of manual security identity verification at security checkpoints in the domestic airports in China, this paper proposes a new security identity verification process based on face recognition technology. This paper also presents the carried out practical tests on the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed process. The new process includes two important steps: self-service centralized verification and automatic face recheck of passengers. The test results show that the process is effective and cost efficient. The technology significantly reduces the rate of human error, dramatically relieves the workload of the security staff and shorten the passenger’s time spending at identity check in the airport.
The impact of ethical leadership on counterproductivity among cabin crews

Underpinned by signalling theory, this study develops and tests a research model that posits personjob fit and person-organization fit as the mediators in the relationship between ethical leadership and counterproductive work behaviour. Through a quantitative research method and judgmental sampling, data were collected from 192 flight attendants in the private and public airline companies in Iran in three different waves. To control common method variance, this study applied procedural and statistical remedies. The results emerging from this study show that implementing ethical leadership behaviours by airline managers sends signals concerning ethical values of the organization among cabin crews which results in greater perceived ethical values fit in terms of person-organization and person-job fit. Cabin crews, who perceive high levels of fit with the job and the airline, are less expected to involve in counterproductive work behaviour. The study discusses theoretical implications and provides useful recommendations for managers in the airline industry.
Compressed-Domain Detection and Estimation for Colocated MIMO Radar

This article proposes a compressed-domain signal processing (CSP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, a MIMO radar approach that achieves substantial sample complexity reduction by exploiting the idea of CSP. CSP MIMO radar involves two levels of data compression followed by target detection at the compressed domain. First, compressive sensing is applied at the receive antennas, followed by a Capon beamformer, which is designed to suppress clutter. Exploiting the sparse nature of the beamformer output, a second compression is applied to the filtered data. Target detection is subsequently conducted by formulating and solving a hypothesis testing problem at each grid point of the discretized angle space. The proposed approach enables an eightfold reduction of the sample complexity in some settings as compared to a conventional compressed sensing (CS) MIMO radar, thus enabling faster target detection. Receiver operating characteristic curves of the proposed detector are provided. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms recovery-based CS algorithms.
Melanism and predation by birds in the moths Biston betularia and Phigalia pilosaria

Birds eat the moths Biston betularia and Phigalia pilosaria as they rest exposed on tree trunks. At Eastham Ferry, Merseyside, and Hawarden, Clwyd, predation of the two species, which fly in summer and winter respectively, is similar. Migrant species of bird contribute little to the overall size of the population of predators. Immigration of local ground-feeding species increased in density during winter. More insectivorous birds were noted at Eastham Ferry than at Hawarden; this was related to a higher rate of predation of P. pilosaria at the former locality. In the two species of moth the effects of predation appear to be similar and so other phenomena need to be invoked to explain the existence of the polymorphisms for melanism.
Phylogenetic Relationships among Four Echinoids of the Family Cidaridae (Cidaroida) Based on Allozymes

Abstract The family Cidaridae of the order Cidaroida from Japanese waters includes four common echinoid species belonging to four different genera: Stereocidaris japonica, Eucidaris metularia, Prionocidaris baculosa, and Phyllacanthus dubius. Phylogenetic relationship among the four species were investigated by allozyme analysis. From the allozyme variation in 18 genetic loci, Nei's genetic distances between species were calculated. The genetic distances were higher than those observed between confamilial genera in many other echinoids, but comparable to those between different families. The result suggests that the four cidarids diverged in earlier time from one another and generally have older evolutionary origin than members of families of the orders Echinoida and Diadematoida. A molecular phylogenetic tree for the four cidarids indicated the following: (1) S. japonica and Pr. baculosa are the most closely related to each other and diverged later. (2) E. metularia is more closely related to the cluster of S. japonica and Pr. baculosa than Ph. dubius. (4) Ph. dubius is the most distant among four species and diverged first. These allozyme results are discussed through the comparison with other non-molecular evidence.
Factors Affecting Location Failure of GPS Collars Fitted to African Leopards (Panthera pardus)

Recent technological advances in Global Positioning system (GPS) technology have generated an Increase in the use of GPS collars fitted to wild animals to track their movements. GPS units are advantageous compared to other methods of remote tracking of animals in that the have the ability to gather large quantities of spatial data that may be accessed remotely. However, animal behaviour, topography, vegetation, and seasonality could all influence GPS acquisition success and therefore bias results from GPS technology. Here we analyse temporal and seasonal patterns associated with GPS acquisition failures in five GPS collars fitted to leopards (Panthera pardus) in the Waterberg region of South Africa. Of 6565 attempted GPS acquisitions, 19% (1236) failed with the location failure rate of Individual collars ranging from 15–29%. Single failed attempts accounted for the majority of location failures, suggesting that failure was caused by temporary blockage to satellites. Failure rates were significantly higher during the day and there were Indications that they were higher during the wet season than in the dry season. Failures were also clustered in space for some Individual animals. Our results suggest that temporal patterns of animal behaviour and habitat choice Influence the probability of GPS location failures in this species. We therefore suggest that potential biases should be accounted for when using GPS data to analyse movement and habitat selection in this and similar carnivore species.
Matrix modelling of prescribed burning in Calluna vulgaris‐dominated moorland: short burning rotations minimize carbon loss at increased wildfire frequencies

Summary Moorlands store large amounts of carbon providing a valuable ecosystem service. In the UK, prescribed burning is often used to manage moorlands, which can produce both positive (biodiversity enhancement and wildfire prevention) and negative impacts (carbon release and reduction in some ecosystem services provision). This issue is pertinent, as wildfire incidence may increase under climate warming, increasing damage to both conservation value and ecosystem services. To better manage these fire-prone ecosystems, an understanding of the effects of prescribed-burning regimes and wildfire on moorland fuel loads is required. As a first approximation of the relative impacts of prescribed burning and wildfire, we have modelled above-ground fuel-load accumulation and carbon release under varying wildfire return intervals at a study site in the Peak District, UK. Above-ground fuel-load accumulation following prescribed burning was assessed using a chronosequence study and combined with carbon loss measurements from prescribed-burning experiments. The stable age structure of vegetation under varying prescribed-burning rotations was then predicted using an age-structured matrix model and moorland above-ground fuel load calculated using a boot-strapping approach. Finally, long-term carbon losses were predicted under varying wildfire return intervals. Delayed vegetation regeneration was also modelled. The model does not consider below-ground carbon or the effect of prescribed fire on wildfire probability. There was a clear interaction between prescribed-burning rotation interval and wildfire return interval. At 50- and 100-year wildfire return intervals, carbon losses were minimized by short prescribed-burning rotations. However, under a 200-year wildfire return interval, carbon loss was minimized by long rotation intervals where delayed regeneration was modelled. Under a 50-year wildfire return interval, 8-year prescribed-burning rotation intervals could reduce carbon loss by 22% or 34% compared with 25- and 50-year rotations, respectively. Synthesis and applications. The modelling approach outlined here provides a first approximation to the above-ground carbon balance between prescribed burning and wildfire frequency at a single site. This may be useful in other dwarf-shrub-dominated ecosystems if prescribed burning is to be used to mitigate the effects of wildfire. At our study site, long prescribed-burning rotations may minimize carbon loss at low wildfire return intervals. However, if wildfire incidence increases, more frequent prescribed burning is likely to minimize overall carbon loss. Well-informed prescribed burning on a short rotation may produce smaller carbon losses than longer rotations under future climate conditions.
Seals of the World 2nd edition Judith E. King Oxford University Press and British Museum (Natural History), 1983, £12·50

A generation of seal biologists has grown up using the first edition of Judith King's Seals of the World as their standard handbook. Now, 19 years later, we are glad to have the second edition. In fact, it is not so much a second edition as a completely new book with much new material and a more attractive format. It provides a thoroughly readable account which will be of interest to expert and layman alike.
Dietary carotenoid availability and reproductive effort influence the age-related decline in performance

Elevated breeding effort is known to increase an individual's rate of senescence, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. One possibility is that the ability to resist senescence is limited by the availability of antioxidants, which are necessary to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress thought to underlie the aging process. Susceptibility to oxidative stress is likely to be particularly high during reproduction, and so for a given level of reproductive effort, the rate of senescence should be fastest in those individuals with the poorest antioxidant capacity. We tested this hypothesis in an experimental study of breeding male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) held under a high or low reproduction regime and fed on either high or low levels of carotenoids (potentially limiting dietary compounds with antioxidant properties). Fish on the high reproduction regime and those on the low-carotenoid diet both showed an accelerated decline in sustained swimming performance (an indicator of locomotor senescence) compared with males on the low reproduction regime and high-carotenoid diet, respectively. The swimming performance of fish subjected to the high rate of reproduction, but fed a low-carotenoid diet, appeared to decline most rapidly, perhaps because of the additive effects of increased levels of reproduction-induced oxidative stress and lower antioxidant availability. These findings show that both dietary carotenoid intake and breeding effort can impact on the age-related decline in swimming performance and have important implications for female choice and the capacity of males with insufficient antioxidant defenses to adequately perform paternal care. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.