Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for bedsore development among hospitalised patients

Aim of the study: The aim of this work was the identification of chosen bedsores risk factors among patients in whom bedsores developed during hospitalisation. Material and methods: The tests were carried in four chosen hospital wards. The tested group constituted of 95 patients among whom bedsores developed during hospitalisation, and 683 patients from the risk group among whom bedsores did not develop. The analysis underwent registers of all patients endangered with bedsore development and their medical documentation. The criterion for introducing to the test were: bedsore development risk in the Norton scale, bedsores developed during hospitalisation, and an observation period of at least five days. Results: Among patients with bedsores there were significantly more people with hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, arteriosclerosis, limited movement condition, higher temperature, and oedema (p < 0.05). Among constant variables the significant factors protecting from bedsore development were higher concentration of protein and haemoglobin. In terms of physical and mental state, mobility, and total Norton scale points, patients with bedsores that developed during hospitalisation achieved significantly lower results (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Occurrence of concurrent diseases (hypertension, diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and symptoms connected with health state (higher temperature, oedema, limited movement) significantly influenced bedsore development among patients during hospitalisation. Low laboratory parameter values (protein and haemoglobin concentration) are risk factors for bedsore development. The risk of bedsore development decreases with the increase of point parameter values assessed in the Norton scale.
Efficient Quadrature Rules for Illumination Integrals: From Quasi Monte Carlo to Bayesian Monte Carlo

Rendering photorealistic images is a costly process which can take up to several days in the case of high quality images. In most cases, the task of sampling the incident radiance function to evaluate the illumination integral is responsible for an important share of the computation time. Therefore, to reach acceptable rendering times, the illumination integral must be evaluated using a limited set of samples. Such a restriction raises the question of how to obtain the most accurate approximation possible with such a limited set of samples. One must thus ensure that sampling produces the highest amount of information possible by carefully placing and weighting the limited set of samples. Furthermore, the integral evaluation should take into account not only the information brought by sampling but also possible information available prior to sampling, such as the integrand smoothness. This idea of sparse information and the need to fully exploit the little information available is present throughout this book. The presented methods correspond to the state-of-the-art solutions in computer graphics, and take into account information which had so far been underexploited (or even neglected) by the previous approaches. The intended audiences are Ph.D. students and researchers in the field of realistic image synthesis or global illumination algorithms, or any person with a solid background in graphics and numerical techniques.
Carson Motivates Minorities

Phenylpropenes, a large group of plant volatile compounds that serve in multiple roles in defense and pollinator attraction, contain a propenyl side chain. Eugenol synthase (EGS) catalyzes the reductive displacement of acetate from the propenyl side chain of the substrate coniferyl acetate to produce the allyl-phenylpropene eugenol. We report here the structure determination of EGS from basil (Ocimum basilicum) by protein x-ray crystallography. EGS is structurally related to the shortchain dehydrogenase/reductases (SDRs), and in particular, enzymes in the isoflavone-reductase-like subfamily. The structure of a ternary complex of EGS bound to the cofactor NADP(H) and a mixed competitive inhibitor EMDF ((7S,8S)-ethyl (7,8methylene)-dihydroferulate) provides a detailed view of the binding interactions within the EGS active site and a starting point for mutagenic examination of the unusual reductive mechanism of EGS. The key interactions between EMDF and the EGSholoenzyme include stacking of the phenyl ring of EMDF against the cofactor’s nicotinamide ring and a water-mediated hydrogen-bonding interaction between the EMDF 4-hydroxy group and the side-chain amino moiety of a conserved lysine residue, Lys132. The C4 carbon of nicotinamide resides immediately adjacent to the site of hydride addition, the C7 carbon of cinnamyl acetate substrates. The inhibitor-bound EGS structure suggests a two-step reaction mechanism involving the formation of a quinone-methide prior to reduction. The formation of this intermediate is promoted by a hydrogen-bonding network that favors deprotonation of the substrate’s 4-hydroxyl group and disfavors binding of the acetate moiety, akin to a push-pull catalytic mechanism. Notably, the catalytic involvement in EGS of the conserved Lys132 in preparing the phenolic substrate for quinone methide formation through the proton-relay network appears to be an adaptation of the analogous role in hydrogen bonding played by the equivalent lysine residue in other enzymes of the SDR family.
Retention of the Native Epigenome in Purified Mammalian Chromatin

A protocol is presented for the isolation of native mammalian chromatin as fibers of 25–250 nucleosomes under conditions that preserve the natural epigenetic signature. The material is composed almost exclusively of histones and DNA and conforms to the structure expected by electron microscopy. All sequences probed for were retained, indicating that the material is representative of the majority of the genome. DNA methylation marks and histone marks resembled the patterns observed in vivo. Importantly, nucleosome positions also remained largely unchanged, except on CpG islands, where nucleosomes were found to be unstable. The technical challenges of reconstituting biochemical reactions with native mammalian chromatin are discussed.
Maximizing the Sum Rate in Symmetric Networks of Interfering Links

We consider the power optimization problem of maximizing the sum rate of a symmetric network of interfering links in Gaussian noise. All transmitters have an average transmit power constraint, the same for all transmitters. We solve this nonconvex problem by indentifying some underlying convex structure. In particular, we characterize the maximum sum rate of the network, and show that there are essentially two possible states at the optimal solution depending on the cross-gain between the links, and/or the average power constraint: the first is a wideband (WB) state, in which all links interfere with each other, and the second is a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) state, in which all links operate in orthogonal frequency bands. The FDM state is optimal if the cross-gain between the links is above 1 / √2. If the cross-gain is below 1 / √2, then FDM is still optimal provided the average power of the links is sufficiently high. Assuming that ∈ ≪ 1 / √2, we can say that the WB state occurs when the average power level is low (relative to the noise and the cross-gain factor between the links), but as we increase the average power level from low to high, there is a smooth transition from the WB state to the FDM state: For intermediate average power levels, the optimal configuration is a mixture, with some fraction of the bandwidth in the WB state, and the other fraction in the FDM state. This work has applications to DSL, as well as to wireless networks.
A region in the dorsolateral striatum of the rat exhibiting single-unit correlations with specific locomotor limb movements.

1. To examine the activity of single units in the lateral striatum of the awake rat with respect to sensorimotor function, 788 units were recorded during locomotion and passive testing. The focus of this report is on 138 units (18%) that fired in relation to sensorimotor activity of a single limb. The remaining units were related to other body parts (16%), to general body movement (38%), or were unresponsive (28%). 2. Firing rates of limb-related units were near zero during resting behavior but increased markedly during treadmill locomotion. Each of the 138 units exhibited a rhythmic pattern of discharge in phase with the locomotor step cycle. Passive testing revealed that 86/97 units tested (89%) responded to passive manipulation of a single limb, exhibiting increased firing rates. Of these, 77 (90%) were related to contralateral and 9 (10%) to ipsilateral limbs. Sixty-one units (71%) were related to a forelimb and 25 (29%) to a hindlimb. Of the 86 units responding to passive manipulation. 34/48 units tested (71%) also responded to cutaneous stimulation of the same limb but no other part of the body. 3. To study in greater detail the rhythmic unit discharges in phase with the locomotor step cycle, computer-synchronized videotape recordings were used to generate perimovement time histograms constructed around discrete locomotor movements of each limb (n = 17 units). Activity of each unit was shown to be restricted to a specific portion of a particular limb's step cycle. The majority of units discharged throughout (8 units) or during a portion of (3 units) the swing phase, whereas other units fired during a portion of stance (3 units), footfall (2 units), or foot off (1 unit). 1. The specificity of unit firing was further demonstrated by the finding that rhythmic discharges, related to discrete locomotor limb movements in the forward direction, were completely absent during spontaneous deviations such as backward or disrupted locomotion. 5. Units related to limb movement were located in the far lateral, especially the dorsolateral, subregion of the striatum. This subregion extend rostrocaudally from A-P +1.6 to -1.0 mm relative to bregma. No clear somatotopic organization was observed, but this issue requires further study. 6. These results show that functional representations of individual limbs can be demonstrated in the lateral striatum of the rat, within a subregion containing terminals of projections from somatic sensorimotor cortex. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Online advertisement, optimization and stochastic networks

In this paper, we propose a stochastic model to describe how search service providers charge client companies based on users' queries for the keywords related to these companies' ads by using certain advertisement assignment strategies. We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the long-term average revenue for the service provider under each client's long-term average budget constraint, and design an online algorithm which captures the stochastic properties of users' queries and click-through behaviors. We solve the optimization problem by making connections to scheduling problems in wireless networks, queueing theory and stochastic networks. Unlike prior models, we do not assume that the number of query arrivals is known. Due to the stochastic nature of the arrival process considered here, either temporary “free” service, i.e., service above the specified budget (which we call “overdraft”) or under-utilization of the budget (which we call “underdraft”) is unavoidable. We prove that our online algorithm can achieve a revenue that is within O(∈) of the optimal revenue while ensuring that the overdraft or underdraft is O(1/∈), where ∈ can be arbitrarily small. With a view towards practice, we also show that one can always operate strictly under the budget. Our algorithm also allows us to quantify the effect of errors in click-through rate estimation on the achieved revenue. We show that we lose at most Δ over 1+Δ fraction of the revenue if Δ is the relative error in click-through rate estimation.
Update of the G2D tool for prioritization of gene candidates to inherited diseases

G2D (genes to diseases) is a web resource for prioritizing genes as candidates for inherited diseases. It uses three algorithms based on different prioritization strategies. The input to the server is the genomic region where the user is looking for the disease-causing mutation, plus an additional piece of information depending on the algorithm used. This information can either be the disease phenotype (described as an online Mendelian inheritance in man (OMIM) identifier), one or several genes known or suspected to be associated with the disease (defined by their Entrez Gene identifiers), or a second genomic region that has been linked as well to the disease. In the latter case, the tool uses known or predicted interactions between genes in the two regions extracted from the STRING database. The output in every case is an ordered list of candidate genes in the region of interest. For the first two of the three methods, the candidate genes are first retrieved through sequence homology search, then scored accordingly to the corresponding method. This means that some of them will correspond to well-known characterized genes, and others will overlap with predicted genes, thus providing a wider analysis. G2D is publicly available at http://www.ogic. ca/projects/g2d_2/
Boost Converter With Coupled Inductors and Buck–Boost Type of Active Clamp

This paper proposes a boost converter with coupled inductors and a buck-boost type of active clamp. In the converter, the active-clamp circuit is used to eliminate the voltage spike that is induced by the trapped energy in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductors. The active switch in the converter can still sustain a proper duty ratio even under high step-up applications, reducing voltage and current stresses significantly. Moreover, since both main and auxiliary switches can be turned on with zero-voltage switching, switching loss can be reduced, and conversion efficiency therefore can be improved significantly. A 200 W prototype of the proposed boost converter was built, from which experiment results have shown that efficiency can reach as high as 92% and surge can be suppressed effectively. It is relatively feasible for low-input-voltage applications, such as fuel cell and battery power conversion.
Reduced contribution of thermally labile sugar lesions to DNA double strand break formation after exposure to heavy ions

In cells exposed to low linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing-radiation (IR),double-strand-breaks (DSBs) form within clustered-damage-sites (CDSs) fromlesions disrupting the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone. It is commonly assumed thatall DSBs form promptly and are immediately detected by the cellularDNA-damage-response (DDR) apparatus. However, there is evidence that the pool ofDSBs detected by physical methods, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE), comprises not only promptly forming DSBs (prDSBs) but also DSBsdeveloping during lysis at high temperatures from thermally-labile sugar-lesions(TLSLs). We recently demonstrated that conversion of TLSLs to DNA breaks andultimately to DSBs also occurs in cells during the first hour ofpost-irradiation incubation at physiological temperatures. Thus, TLSL-dependentDSBs (tlDSBs) are not an avoidable technique-related artifact, but a reality thecell always faces. The biological consequences of tlDSBs and the dependence oftheir formation on LET require in-depth investigation. Heavy-ions (HI) are apromising high-LET radiation modality used in cancer treatment. HI are alsoencountered in space and generate serious radiation protection problems toprolonged space missions. Here, we study, therefore, the effect of HI on theyields of tlDSBs and prDSBs. We report a reduction in the yield of tlDBSsstronger than that earlier reported for neutrons, and with pronounced cell linedependence. We conclude that with increasing LET the complexity of CDSsincreases resulting in a commensurate increase in the yield prDSBs and adecrease in tlDSBs. The consequences of these effects to the relative biologicaleffectiveness are discussed.
Argatroban for anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy.

To the Editor: We commend Link et al (1) on their well-designed prospective argatroban dose-finding study in a rather homogeneous critically ill population receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. We believe that this important study will help in formalizing the safe and effective argatroban dosage recommendations in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Perhaps, the most significant finding of their study is the strong, inverse linear relationship between commonly used severity of illness scoring systems (e.g., Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; Simplified Acute Physiology Score II) and therapeutic argatroban dosage. As earlier outlined in Critical Care Medicine, a review of the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients (2), there are limited data regarding argatroban dosage requirements in critically ill patients. We recently published a retrospective study evaluating therapeutic argatroban dosage requirements in critically ill and noncritically ill patients (3). Our major findings were that 1) critically ill patients require significantly lower therapeutic dosages than noncritically ill patients (0.6 0.5 vs. 1.4 0.9 g kg 1 min ; p 0.001) and 2) therapeutic argatroban dosage was moderately correlated with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score among our heterogeneous population of critically ill patients. Based on SOFA tertiles, mean therapeutic argatroban dosages were 6: 1.34 0.82 g kg 1 min ; 6–9: 0.93 0.54 g kg 1 min ; and 10: 0.40 0.27 g kg 1 min ; p 0.001. Only total SOFA score, rather than individual organ failure, was independently associated with requiring a lower therapeutic argatroban dosage on multivariate analysis. Furthermore, six of our critically ill patients (18%) received continuous renal replacement therapy. Despite similar renal-specific SOFA scores, these patients had higher total SOFA scores and required lower therapeutic argatroban dosages compared with critically ill patients with renal failure not receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (0.31 0.16 vs. 0.67 0.51 g kg 1 min ; p 0.107). Overall, we believe that prospective argatroban dose-finding studies such as that performed by Link et al are imperative. As supported by our collective findings, along with contributions by Beiderlinden et al (4), future investigations should consider the associations between severity of illness and magnitude of organ failure when describing therapeutic argatroban dosages to overcome the limitations of the nonspecific dichotomy of critical vs. noncritical illness. The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.
Compiling with code-size constraints

Most compilers ignore the problems of limited code space in embedded systems. Designers of embedded software often have no better alternative than to manually reduce the size of the source code or even the compiled code. Besides being tedious and error-prone, such optimization results in obfuscated code which is difficult to maintain and reuse. In this paper, we present a code-size-directed compiler. We phrase register allocation and code generation as an integer linear programming problem where the upper bound on the code size can simply be expressed as an additional constraint. Our experiments show that our compiler, when applied to two commercial microcontroller programs, generates code as compact as carefully crafted code.
The effect of converter control method to characteristics of traction drive

The paper brings torque, power and efficiency analyses of the traction drive with permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) during flux weakening operation. There is one way to weak flux of rotor permanent magnets - armature reaction caused by negative flux producing current component. On the other hand, the flux producing current component increases total RMS value of stator current. This effect has influence on losses and efficiency of PMSM. The paper investigates power, efficiency, torque and current characteristics in various operation points of PMSM drive.
Exercise as treatment for alcohol use disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating effects of exercise for people with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) across multiple health outcomes. We also investigated the prevalence and predictors of dropout from exercise studies in AUDs. Design Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis with meta-regression analyses. Data sources 3 major electronic databases were searched from inception until April 2016 for exercise intervention studies in adults with AUDs. Eligibility criteria Studies of acute exercise in people with AUDs; and randomised and non-randomised trials examining effects of long-term (≥2 weeks) exercise. Results 21 studies and 1204 unique persons with AUDs (mean age 37.8 years, mean illness duration 4.4 years) were included. Exercise did not reduce daily alcohol consumption (standardised mean difference (SMD) =−0.886, p=0.24), or the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) total scores (SMD=−0.378, p=0.18). For weekly consumption (n=3 studies), a statistically significant difference was observed favouring exercise (SMD=−0.656, p=0.04), but not after adjustment for publication bias (SMD=−0.16, 95% CI −0.88 to 0.55). Exercise significantly reduced depressive symptoms versus control (randomised controlled trials (RCTs) =4; SMD=−0.867, p=0.006, I2=63%) and improved physical fitness (VO2) (RCTs=3; SMD=0.564, p=0.01, I2=46%). The pooled dropout rate was 40.3% (95% CI 23.3% to 60.1%) which was no different to control conditions (OR=0.73, p=0.52). Dropouts were higher among men (β=0.0622, p<0.0001, R2=0.82). Limitations It was not possible to investigate moderating effects of smoking. Conclusions Available evidence indicates exercise appears not to reduce alcohol consumption, but has significant improvements in other health outcomes, including depression and physical fitness. Additional long-term controlled studies of exercise for AUDs are required.
A quasi-polynomial time approximation scheme for minimum weight triangulation

The MINIMUM WEIGHT TRIANGULATION problem is to find a triangulation T* of minimum length for a given set of points P in the Euclidean plane. It was one of the few longstanding open problems from the famous list of twelve problems with unknown complexity status, published by Garey and Johnson [8] in 1979. Very recently the problem was shown to be NP-hard by Mulzer and Rote. In this paper, we present a quasi-polynomial time approximation scheme for MINIMUM WEIGHT TRIANGULATION.