Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TOXICITY AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF CADMIUM IN PLANARIAN (Dugesia japonica Ichikawa et Kawakatsu)

Acute toxicity tests of a freshwater Planarian (Dugesia japonica Ichikawa et Kawakatsu) exposed to cadmium were conducted according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) guidelines. The 24, 48, 72 and 96-h LC50 values were calculated as 4.92, 2.25, 1.52 and 1.45 mg Cd 2+ /L, respectively. When compared with different phyla or classes of freshwater animals, the rank of Dugesia japonica in species sensitivity was in the 43-44 and 39-40 ranges for 24- and 48-h LC50, respectively. D. japonica had moderate sensitivity. A mobility assay was carried out to explore the behavioral effects of Cd 2+ on D. japonica. At sub-toxic concentrations, Cd 2+ decreased D. japonica locomotor behavior in a concentration-dependent manner. The mobility IC50 for adult D. japonica at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were calculated to be 3.07, 2.66, 1.35 and 1.37 mg Cd 2+ /L for measured concentrations, respectively. Locomotion of newborns was seriously impaired and cannot be used to calculate the mIC50. Results showed that D. japonica can be regarded as a useful bioindicator species for the detection and evaluation of Cd 2+ effects upon freshwater invertebrates. Acute toxicity on D. japonica and mobility assay for adult D. japonica can be used as biomarkers for Cd 2+ exposure in a freshwater environment.
Screening and Costruction of Lignocellulose-Decomposing Microorganisms and Study of Its Degradation Effect

Using aniline blue decoloration and Congo red medium,8 strains which could degrade the cellulose preferable,were screened from the samples. Lignin peroxidase 、Mn peroxidase、Laccase、endoglucanase、exoglucanase and cellobiase activities of 8 strains were analysed, and got 4 strains had total and higher enzymes, that were H14、H17、W15、W23. Based on the analysis of strains consistency,4 strains had been combined. Optimized the fermentation conditions, Li P and Cx activity respectively reached 28.02 U / m L and 38.16 U / m L under the optimization conditions, and the degradation rate of corn straw powder reached 35.24%,on the degradation rate of 35.24% corn bran.which had the value of further study.
Determination the contents of Tanshinone II A in Jiannao Yizhi capsules by TLC-scanning mothod

Aim To establish a quality control method for Jiannao yizhi capsules.Methods The content of Tanshinone II A was determined by TLC-scanning.The methodology of the determination was also studied.Reaults The average recovery was 98.85% with RSD=2.03%. This method was simply,quick and reproducible.Conclusions The method in this article can be used for the quality control of Jiannao Yizhi capsules.
Combined Electrochemical and Chemical Bath Deposition Techniques to Prepare CuSe Thin Film Electrodes for Solar Energy Purposes

The copper selenide (CuSe) thin films were prepared using electrochemical deposition (ECD), chemical bath deposition (CBD) and combined CBD/ECD preparation techniques on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates. Enhancement of deposited CuSe thin film characteristics in photo-electrochemical (PEC) systems was investigated. Deposited CuSe thin films were exposed to different treatment methods and different experimental conditions (deposition time 2, 4 and 6 hr). The films were annealed at 250°C under N2 atmosphere for 1 hour. Cooling of annealed films to room temperature was done using two different methods (slow and fast cooling). K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6/LiClO4 as redox couple was also used in the PEC measurements. The effect of such treatment on electrode PEC characteristics, such as: open-circuit voltage (Voc), shortcircuit current density (Jsc), dark current density-potential (J-V) plots, photo J-V plots, conversion efficiency (ɳ), fill factor (FF), Surface Morphology and stability, was studied. The characteristics of CuSe thin films in PEC systems were enhanced by using different experimental conditions, annealing and cooling rates.
An adaptation study of social connectedness scale in Turkish culture

Problem Statement: Belongingness and social connectedness in social relationships framework has been studied increasingly by many scholars in recent years. Social connectedness and belongingness are a basic human need. Many of the problems, which people experience, are related to the fear of not being accepted by the significant others. In similar ways, some counseling theories such as Reality therapy and Adlerien therapy stress that our happiness and success are mostly related to the social connectedness. Although there are many more researches, models, and theories which try to explain what belongingness and social connectedness are, there is no any other measure that can be used to evaluate the feeling of individuals’ social connectedness in Turkey. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of the study is to examine psychometric characteristics of Social Connectedness Scale in Turkish culture. Methods: The sample of this study is composed of 588 university students (357 female and 231 male) studying at different departments of the Faculty of Education in Pamukkale University. For the validity of SCS, correlations among three prominent scales such as UCLA Loneliness Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale and Social Provisions Scale were calculated. Findings and Results: The data collected were analyzed to evaluate the factor construct, reliability and validity of the SCS. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted by using principal component analysis and varimax rotation. Single independent factor with the eigenvalue over 1.00 has been found. This factor explained 59 % of total variance. The reliability coefficient of the scale was examined by employing Cronbach Alpha and test-retest methods. With the help these methods, the internal consistency (.90) and test-retest reliability of the instrument have been found very high. The test-retest correlation coefficient demonstrated that the scale had adequate test stability over a four week period (r=.90). The total score of SCS correlated significantly in the expected direction with the measures in the university sample. Conclusions and Recommendations: The findings concerned with the factor structure, internal reliability consistency and concurrent validity of the SCS with the criterion measures showed that the instrument can be evaluated as a reliable and valid measure in Turkish culture. In a general evaluation of these findings, it may be recommended that the SCS is reliable and a valid measure for the researches which will be carried out on the university students.
Computing Correlated Equilibria in Partially Observable Stochastic Games

In the real world, we have to deal with situations requiring cooperation of participating agents keeping their rationality. These problems are addressed by the game theoretical concept of correlated equilibrium. There are some works focusing on the problem of computing correlated equilibria in stochastic games. So far there is no algorithm capable of computing correlated equilibria in general partially observable stochastic games. In this work, we propose the rst algorithm for approximating correlated equilibria in partially observable stochastic games that iteratively solves these games using gradually expanding generated subset of belifestates. Even though the algorithm has no optimality guarantees, we show that it is capable to compute reasonable solutions.
Rekayasa Alat Penghasil Asap Cair untuk Produksi Ikan Asap 1. Uji Coba Alat Penghasil Asap Cair Skala Laboratorium

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan uji coba alat penghasil asap cair skala laboratorium dengan bahan pengasap tempurung kelapa. Suhu pirolisis diset antara 200–250o C dan 300-450o C. Parameter yang diuji adalah banyaknya asap cair yang dihasilkan, sisa pembakaran berupa arang yang terbentuk, jumlah komponen asap yang hilang, kinerja alat dan susunan senyawa kimia asap cair yang dihasilkan. Analisis susunan senyawa kimia asap cair yang dihasilkan menggunakan Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrophotometry(GC-MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada suhu pembakaran 200-250o C, tempurung kelapa dengan kadar air 11,40% menghasilkan asap cair sebanyak 48,10%, sisa pembakaran berupa arang sebanyak 31,33%, jumlah komponen yang hilang sebanyak 20,56% dengan kinerja alat sebesar 250,52 g/jam.m kondensor. Komponen terbanyak asap cair yang dihasilkan adalah senyawa 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, tetradecyl ester (C32H62O2) sebanyak 71,68%. Pada suhu pembakaran 300–450oC asap cair yang dihasilkan sebanyak 48,66%, sisa pembakaran berupa arangsebanyak 26,30%, komponen asap yang hilang sebanyak 25,04% dengan kinerja alat 253,44 g/jam.m kondensor. Pada suhu tersebut komponen terbanyak asap cair adalah senyawa 2-lauro-1,3-didecoinyaitu 37,53%.
Sentinel-1 Time Series for Crop Identification in the Framework of the Future CAP Monitoring

In this upcoming Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform, the use of satellite imagery is taking an increasing role for improving the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS). Considering the operational aspect of the CAP monitoring process, the use of Sentinel-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images is highly relevant, especially in regions with a frequent cloud cover, such as Belgium. Indeed, SAR imagery does not depend on sunlight and is barely affected by the presence of clouds. Moreover, the SAR signal is particularly sensitive to the geometry and the water content of the target. Crop identification is often a pre-requisite to monitor agriculture at parcel level (ploughing, harvest, grassland mowing, intercropping, etc.) The main goal of this study is to assess the performances and constraints of a SAR-based crop classification in an operational large-scale application. The Random Forest object-oriented classification model is built on Sentinel-1 time series from January to August 2020 only. It can identify crops in the Walloon Region (south part of Belgium) with high performance: 93.4% of well-classified area, representing 88.4% of the parcels. Among the 48 crop groups, the six most represented ones get a F1-score higher or equal to 84%. Additionally, this research documents how the classification performance is affected by different parameters: the SAR orbit, the size of the training dataset, the use of different internal buffers on parcel polygons before signal extraction, the set of explanatory variables, and the period of the time series. In an operational context, this allows to choose the right balance between classification accuracy and model complexity. A key result is that using a training dataset containing only 3.2% of the total number of parcels allows to correctly classify 91.7% of the agricultural area. The impact of rain and snow is also discussed. Finally, this research analyses how the classification accuracy depends on some characteristics of the parcels like their shape or size. This allows to assess the relevance of the classification depending on those characteristics, as well as to identify a subset of parcels for which the global accuracy is higher.
Neurobiology of Disease A1 Adenosine Receptor Upregulation and Activation Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Demyelination in a Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Shigeki Tsutsui,1 Jurgen Schnermann,3 Farshid Noorbakhsh,1 Scot Henry,1 V. Wee Yong,1 Brent W. Winston,2 Kenneth Warren,4 and Christopher Power1 Departments of 1Clinical Neurosciences and 2 Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada, 3National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1370, and 4Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada
Expressions of gratitude in children and adolescents: Insights from China and the United States

Gratitude is a socially desirable virtue that is related to well-being at both personal and societal levels. The present study took a developmental perspective to examine changes with age in types of wishes and gratitude in two societies. The samples consisted of 357 children, aged 7 to 14 years, from a medium-sized city in the southeast United States, and 334 children from a metropolitan area in southern China. Results showed that the expression of connective gratitude, which is considered the most sophisticated form of gratitude and theorized to promote personal well-being and social relationships, increased with age, regardless of society. Participants in China, a society considered to emphasize relatedness more than does the United States, were more likely to express connective gratitude than were their counterparts in the United States. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between hedonistic wishes and connective gratitude was revealed in the U.S. sample.
Are the reduction and oxidation properties of nitrocompounds dissolved in water different from those produced when adsorbed on a silica surface? A DFT M05‐2X computational study

The reduction and oxidation properties of four nitrocompounds (trinitrotoluene [TNT], 2,4‐dinitrotoluene, 2,4‐dinitroanisole, and 5‐nitro‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one [NTO]) dissolved in water as compared with the same properties for compounds adsorbed on a silica surface were studied. To consider the influence of adsorption, cluster models were developed at the M05/tzvp level. A hydroxylated silica (001) surface was chosen to represent a key component of soil. The PCM(Pauling) and SMD solvation models were used to model water bulk influence. The following properties were analyzed: electron affinity, ionization potential, reduction Gibbs free energy, oxidation Gibbs free energy, and reduction and oxidation potentials. It was found that adsorption and solvation decrease gas phase electron affinity, ionization potential, and Gibbs free energy of reduction and oxidation, and thus, promote redox transformation of nitrocompounds. However, in case of solvation, the changes are more significant than for adsorption. This means that nitrocompounds dissolved in water are easier to transform by reduction or oxidation than adsorbed ones. Among the considered compounds, TNT was found to be the most reactive in an electron attachment process and the least reactive for an electron detachment transformation. During ionization, a deprotonation of adsorbed NTO was found to occur. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Higgs and EW physics

The discovery of the Higgs boson at a mass around 125 GeV by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC collider in 2012 establishes a new landscape in high energy physics. The analysis of the full data sample collected with pp collisions at 7 and 8 TeV during run I has allowed for considerable progress since the discovery. A review of the latest results is presented.
A Context-Centric Chatbot for Cryptocurrency Using the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers Neural Networks

—Inspired by the recent movement of digital currency, we are building a question answering system concerning the subject of cryptocurrency using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). The motivation behind this work is to properly assist digital currency investors by directing them to the corresponding knowledge bases that can offer them help and increase the querying speed. BERT, one of newest language models in natural language processing, was investigated to improve the quality of generated responses. We studied different combinations of hyperparameters of the BERT model to obtain the best ﬁt responses. Further, we created an intelligent chatbot for cryptocurrency using BERT. A chatbot using BERT shows great potential for the further advancement of a cryptocurrency market tool. We show that the BERT neural networks generalize well to other tasks by applying it successfully to cryptocurrency.
Adsorption of Amino Acids and Dipeptides to the Hydrophobic Polystyrene Interface Studied by SFG and QCM: The Special Case of Phenylalanine

Aqueous solutions of the amino acids l-phenylalanine, l-lysine, and l-glycine and the homo- and heterodipeptides comprising these amino acids were studied by vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) at the hydrophobic polystyrene interface. The phenyl ring of the phenylalanine side chain was determined to adsorb preferentially in a nearly flat geometry relative to the hydrophobic surface based on the concentration dependence of the SFG spectra and symmetry arguments. The amount of adsorbed dipeptide follows a hydrophobic series at concentrations well below monolayer formation, as determined by QCM. However, at higher concentrations, adsorbate–adsorbate interactions play a significant role in the adsorption, and adsorption no longer follows a hydrophobic series. These changes in the quantitative adsorption from QCM correlate with changes in the SFG spectra for phenylalanine, lysyl-phenylalanine, and glycyl-phenylalanine, but not for lysyl-lysine, which shows the most.
Facile synthesis of 1,2,3,4- tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridines

Synthesis of analogs of known immunosuppressive quinolines is reported. Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are autoimmune diseases. ' A number of basic quinolines induce remissions of these diseases. It has also been suggested that such compounds, by temporarily suppressing the immune system, may be useful in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant patients. Our recent research in vitro has shown that the basicity of the Nl atom of the quinoline parallels the activity of the immunosuppressive agents and the most active compounds contain additional amino (basic) centers and polar substituents, such as a hydroxy group. Importantly, inhibition of the immunostimulation is observed for relatively small quinolines only. ' This report pertains to the synthesis of 1,2,3,4tetrahydrobenzo[6][l,6]naphthyridines 9-14 that are analogs of known immunosuppressive agents. The molecules 9-14 are substituted quinolin-4-amines, the Nl atom of which is basic (pKa > 7) due. to conjugation of the N atom with the quinoline. ' Additional basic centers are parts of the side chain and the fused aliphatic ring. Derivatives 12-14 contain a polar methoxy or hydroxy group. Biological studies of products 9-14 will be reported in due course.
Platinum nanocatalysts on metal oxide based supports for low temperature fuel cell applications

In this manuscript a survey of the contemporary research related to platinum nanocatalysts on metal oxide based supports for low temperature fuel cell applications is presented. Different carbon based supports, used as state of the art materials, are listed and discussed, as well. Although carbon based materials possess many desirable properties, such as high surface area, high conductivity and relatively low cost and easy synthesis, the large scale commercialization is limited by instability under accelerated stability testing, simulating real fuel cell operating conditions. To overcome these disadvantages of carbon supports, different metal oxide based ones have been studied and promising results are referenced. The most often used oxide based supports for low temperature fuel cell applications are presented in this review. Suitable discussion and future research related remarks are given, as well.
Effects of different stevia-to-onion ratios and heating temperatures on physicochemical and sensory attributes of onion-stevia hot water extracts

Globally, obesity is a growing health concern. People are becoming more conscious about weight management and reduction. Hence, consumers are making informed choices about food products. Moreover, food industries are also contributing to provision of designer food products to the intended consumers (Scott et al., 2006). Broadly, sweeteners are categorized in two categories (natural and artificial sweeteners). Artificial sweeteners include aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, cyclamate, neotame, etc. Increased consumption of artificial sweeteners has led to serious health implications and safety issues (Chattopadhyay et al., 2014). Natural sweeteners are further divided into non-synthetic and extracted sweeteners (Yadav & Guleria, 2012). Non-synthetic natural sweeteners comprise of honey, maple leaf, and molasses whereas, naturally extracted sweeteners include sucrose, polyols, and steviol glycosides (SGs). Among all natural sweeteners, SGs (stevioside & rebaudioside-A) are popularly known as zero-caloric intense sweetening compounds of natural origin. Sweeteners usually mimic the taste of sucrose; hence, they are known as sugar substitutes (Chatsudthipong & Muanprasat, 2009; Chattopadhyay et al., 2014). Consumers usually show preference for foods prepared from low-caloric sweeteners to manage obesity and Type-2 diabetes (Yadav & Guleria, 2012). Artificial sweetener consumption was recently linked to several health complications that are considered global health risks, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (Yracheta et al., 2015).
Effect of Volatile Odors on Taxis Response of Microplitis mediator and Its Efficiency in Field Trapping Test

Understanding the taxis response of Microplitis mediator to all kinds of volatile odors is helpful to identify and design attractant to make better use of natural enemies.In this paper,Y-tube olfactometer tests were conducted to investigate taxis responses of M.mediator to 60 volatile odors.Results indicated that M.mediator were most attracted to acyclic compounds,and second to terpenoids.Aromatic compounds were least preferred.It was found that cis-3-hexenyl hexanoate,β-ionone,2-undecanone,hexanal,1-octanol,ocimene,nerolidol and geraniol had the highest attraction to M.mediator with the selectivity of 80.7%,73.2%,70.9%,69.6%,67.8%,74.1%,71.2% and 67.9%,respectively,significantly different from that of the control(P0.01). Field cage trapping test was performed with 6 compounds of high selectivity in Y-tube olfactometer experiments absorbed into lures.Results showed that ocimene and cis-3-hexenyl hexanoate showed higher attraction to M.mediator with selectivity of 18.6% and 14%,respectively.
PWD/Ph-Encoded Genetic Variants Modulate the Cellular Wnt/β-Catenin Response to Suppress ApcMin-Triggered Intestinal Tumor Formation

These findings in mice show that, in addition to accidental mutations, cancer risk is determined by networks of individual gene variants. Genetic predisposition affects the penetrance of tumor-initiating mutations, such as APC mutations that stabilize β-catenin and cause intestinal tumors in mice and humans. However, the mechanisms involved in genetically predisposed penetrance are not well understood. Here, we analyzed tumor multiplicity and gene expression in tumor-prone ApcMin/+ mice on highly variant C57BL/6J (B6) and PWD/Ph (PWD) genetic backgrounds. (B6 × PWD) F1 APCMin offspring mice were largely free of intestinal adenoma, and several chromosome substitution (consomic) strains carrying single PWD chromosomes on the B6 genetic background displayed reduced adenoma numbers. Multiple dosage-dependent modifier loci on PWD chromosome 5 each contributed to tumor suppression. Activation of β-catenin–driven and stem cell–specific gene expression in the presence of ApcMin or following APC loss remained moderate in intestines carrying PWD chromosome 5, suggesting that PWD variants restrict adenoma initiation by controlling stem cell homeostasis. Gene expression of modifier candidates and DNA methylation on chromosome 5 were predominantly cis controlled and largely reflected parental patterns, providing a genetic basis for inheritance of tumor susceptibility. Human SNP variants of several modifier candidates were depleted in colorectal cancer genomes, suggesting that similar mechanisms may also affect the penetrance of cancer driver mutations in humans. Overall, our analysis highlights the strong impact that multiple genetic variants acting in networks can exert on tumor development. Significance: These findings in mice show that, in addition to accidental mutations, cancer risk is determined by networks of individual gene variants.