Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUSTENTABILIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR EM USINAS NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

O Brasil é um país que se destaca na produção de cana-de-açúcar por apresentar efetivos rendimentos agrícolas e eficiência industrial, se comparada a outras culturas que também servem para a produção de etanol, como o milho e a beterraba. Entretanto o setor tem apresentado quedas na produção e, consequentemente, no desempenho financeiro das empresas. Este trabalho comparou a estratégia de gestão agrícola de usinas exportadoras e não exportadoras do Estado de São Paulo. Caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa exploratória, com coleta de dados estruturada na técnica de multicasos, ênfase na análise quantitativa e análise da correlação de variáveis integrantes dos aspectos econômico, social e ambiental. O resultado relacionado ao aspecto econômico mostrou que há um melhor desempenho financeiro nas empresas que exportam seus produtos. Em relação ao âmbito social, não se diferem os benefícios das empresas exportadoras de seus subprodutos das que não exportam e também não se difere a quantidade de tonelada de cana-de-açúcar que um trabalhador executa. Em relação ao aspecto ambiental, a impermeabilização dos canais de vinhaça no período da safra das empresas exportadoras não é executada, assim como a incorporação do fertilizante nitrogênio. No entanto, as usinas exportadoras relatam menores problemas com erosão do solo.
The liquidity risk-credit risk-profitability trilogy: A comparative study between Islamic and conventional banks

We offer a comparative analysis between Islamic and conventional banks in terms of the effects of credit and liquidity risks on profitability. We firstly compare the relationships between credit risk-liquidity risk-profitability in both banking systems. Employing a simultaneous structural equation approach on a comprehensive dataset of 25 Islamic banks and 49 conventional banks operating in the MENA region over the period 2006-2015 and using financial ratio analysis, we show that credit risk, liquidity risk and profitability have reciprocal relationships within both types of banks. We then examine the effect of liquidity and credit risks on profitability, and find that both risks are detrimental for bank profitability. Nevertheless, our findings reveal that there is no difference between the two types of banks in terms of the effects of credit and liquidity risks on profitability. These results remain robust to alternative estimators. Finanlly, our study allows decision-makers and banks managers to improve the banking performance by effectively managing and controlling levels of both credit and liquidity risks.
Greeting behavior between dogs in a dog park

I used naturalistic observations to explore patterns of greeting behavior between 58 off-leash dogs (Canis familiaris) at a dog park. Dogs greeting at a dog park entailed one or both dogs approaching, engaging inolfactory inspection, and then departing or, on occasion, engaging in play. Single-dog greetings, where one dog approached, were statistically more frequent than dual-dog greetings, where both dogs approached. In single-dog greetings, the dog initiating the greeting was significantly bigger and had body posture higher than or equal to that of the recipient dog. Play did not commonly follow greetings, and no incidents of aggression in conjunction with greetings were observed. Voluntary greeting times between dogs in this study were short (mean greet times between unleashed dogs were 6.042 ± 0.801 s). Reciprocated greetings, where both dogs engaged in olfactory inspections of the anogenital region, face/head, and/or inguinal region of the other dog, were not significantly more frequent than unreciprocated greetings, where only one of the dogs engaged in olfactory inspection. However, dogs in reciprocated greetings were more evenly matched in terms of weight than dogs in unreciprocated greetings. In 48.1% of dyads, greeting resulted in a significant change of body posture in one or both dogs. This change was from either a high or low posture at the beginning of the greeting to a neutral posture at the end in most cases. This suggests that greetings in domestic dogs may function in conflict management by reducing arousal and fear. In single-dog greetings, olfactory inspections varied statistically by greeter role (initiator vs. recipient of greeting). The applications of these finding to clinicians working in companion dog behavior are discussed.
Protein Co-Evolution Strategies Detect Predicted Functional Interaction Between the Serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C Receptors

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating activities such as sleep, appetite, mood and substance abuse disorders; serotonin receptors 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR are active within pathways associated with substance abuse. It has been suggested that 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR may form a dimer that affects behavioral processes. Here we study the coevolution of residues in 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR to identify potential interactions between residues in both proteins. Coevolution studies can detect protein interactions, and since the thus uncovered interactions are subject to evolutionary pressure, they are likely functional. We assessed the significance of the 5-HT2AR/5-HT2CR interactions using randomized phylogenetic trees and found the interaction significant (p-value = 0.01). We also discuss how co-expression of the receptors suggests the predicted interaction is functional. Finally, we analyze how several single nucleotide polymorphisms for the 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR genes affect their interaction. Our findings are the first to characterize the binding interface of 5-HT2AR/5-HT2CR and indicate a correlation between this interface and location of SNPs in both proteins.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health

Racial and ethnic disparities in health stem from the historical legacy and continued patterns of unequal resources and treatment on the basis of race/ethnicity in society (Hummer and Hamilton 2019; Williams and Sternthal 2010). Health disparities encompass differences in physical health, mental health, all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk, activity limitations, healthcare access and utilization, and other metrics of well-being. Researchers have identified a variety of explanations for racial/ethnic health disparities, including socioeconomic inequality, institutional- and individual-level discrimination, residential segregation, early-life circumstances, and health behaviors, among others. However, unequal opportunities on the basis of race/ethnicity remain the fundamental cause of health disparities (Hummer 1996; Phelan and Link 2015).
Electronic Characteristics of Rare Earth Doped GaN Schottky Diodes

Abstract : The Schottky barrier height (SBH) was measured on GaN based diodes with three different dopant types; Gd, Er and Yb. Two methods were used to determine the SBH. The first method was the Juergen Werner method to evaluate the I-V characteristics. The calculated SBH of the diodes using this method was 1.41 +/- 0.20eV, 1.71 +/- 0.25eV and 1.75 +/- 0.28eV for the Gd-, Er- and Yb-doped diodes respectively. It was observed that using an ad-hoc effective Richardson constant value of 0.006Axcm(-2)xK(-2) to calculate the SBH rendered results that were in no greater than 2% disagreement (neglecting error) with photoemission spectroscopy measurements performed on the same GaN thin films by a another researcher a year prior. The second method of measuring the SBH was the temperature dependent I-V-T measurements using the modified Norde function. The calculated SBH of the diodes were universally lower than the results of the Juergen Werner method. The SBH was 1.19 +/- 0.12eV, 1.39 +/- 0.16eV and 1.43+/- 0.12eV for the Gd-, Er- and Yb-doped diodes respectively. Additionally, the Norde method provided direct calculation of the effective Richardson constants, which were 0.011 +/- 0.001Axcm(-2)xK(-2), 0.036 +/- 0.003Axcm(-2)xK(-2) and 0.021 +/- 0.02Axcm(-2)xK(-2) for the Gd-, Er- and Yb-doped diodes respectively. Both measurements in this study are in agreement with the earlier photoemission spectroscopy measurements with regard to the proportional differences among the different dopant types.
Large RNA Secondary Structure Conservation Annotation using Secondary Structure-Based MSA

Identification of conserved regions of a set of RNA secondary structures is currently an open research problem when dealing with large RNA molecules such as ribosomal RNA. We designed and implemented a method for conservancy annotation of a set of RNA molecules using their secondary structures. The method first converts secondary structures into linear representations, which are then forwarded into multiple sequence alignment (MSA). The resulting secondary structure-based MSA is subsequently passed into a conservancy identification procedure which uses a sliding window technique to identify conserved position in the MSA and assign them a score based on the secondary structure content of the window. The algorithm can be used to rank overall conservancy of the structures, which generally denotes evolutionary distance, as well as to assign conservancy to individual bases to identify highor lowconservancy regions. We tested the algorithm for correlation with evolutionary distance, where it matches the expectations. The method is freely available as a stand-alone tool implemented in the Python programming language.
Precise Sternotribic Pollination by Settling Moths in Adenophora maximowicziana (Campanulaceae)

Premise of research. The majority of lepidopteran-pollinated flowers deposit pollen on the faces and proboscises of the pollinators. However, studies suggest that some flowers are sternotribically pollinated by settling moths. The present study focused on the pollination system and pollen placement pattern of Adenophora maximowicziana, which has pendant, bell-shaped flowers with exserted styles. Methodology. Diurnal and nocturnal flower visitors and their relative contributions to seed set of A. maximowicziana were compared in southwestern Japan. The pollen placement pattern of flower visitors, timing of anthesis, timing of sexual phase change, and diel pattern of nectar production were investigated to reveal floral adaptations to pollinators. Pivotal results. Pollination experiments and pollen load analysis indicated that nocturnal noctuid moths are the most important pollinators. Pollen placement on noctuid moths is highly precise. The majority of pollen grains are deposited onto the ventral side of the latter thorax and former abdomen. The flowers are adapted to nocturnal pollinators; anthesis, change to pistillate phase, and nectar production by flowers exclusively occur at night. Conclusions. This study confirms highly precise sternotribic pollination by settling moths in A. maximowicziana. Sternotribic pollination of A. maximowicziana by settling moths may be facilitated by the flowers’ pendant corollas with exserted styles.
Appendix C. Study Methods

The purpose of the study is to investigate and better understand implementation of expanded learning time (ELT) initiatives in four states, 11 districts, and 17 schools, with particular emphasis on schools designated by states as the lowest-achieving under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) waivers and the School Improvement Grant (SIG) program. The study investigated these specific questions: • Do states support a range of strategies to expand learning time or do they rely on one definition for all districts and schools? • Are states using the flexibilities under ESEA waivers, which relieve them of some of the requirements of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, to support comprehensive strategies to expand learning time for students? • How and will states and districts use federal flexibility to support efforts currently funded by the SIG program? • What factors support or hinder a community's ability to expand learning time? • Do state and local officials perceive expanded learning time as an effective school improvement strategy? Research design The research conducted for this study was modeled as a multiple-case study design (Yin, 2003) and allowed us to analyze the data in layers at these three levels. It followed a sequential, developmental method, in that findings from the collection and analysis of data provided by state education agency (SEA) personnel informed the selection of districts, schools, and participants; interview protocols; and the analysis of data collected at the district and/or school levels. The states, districts, and schools included in this study were purposefully selected for maximal variation sampling (Creswell, 2008; Patton, 2002). We intended to represent a heterogeneous sampling of geographic locations, urbanicity, and preparedness and support for expanding learning time. The states selected were implementing the SIG program, received an ESEA waiver, and requested to waive the requirements of the 21 st Century Community Learning Center (CCLC) program. As of August 2013, the time when states were selected for this study, 20 states met these criteria: After conducting some preliminary background research about ELT initiatives in various states and informal interviews with experts in the field, we selected four states for the study: • Colorado, a Mountain West state, has a history of strong local governance of districts and schools.
Assessing Breast and Thigh Meat Quality and Color of Ducks Fed a Diet Comprising Pelleted Sipjeondaebo-Tang by Product

| Sipjeondaebo-tang (ST) is a traditional herbal medicine used widely for the treatment of human diseases. However, the antioxidant effect of ST has not been fully evaluated. This study was conducted to assess the quality and color during storage of breast and thigh meat from ducks fed a diet supplemented with pelleted ST. A total of 90 one-day-old Pekin ducks were divided into two groups: control group and T1 group (a basal diet + pelleted 1% ST powder). The birds were distributed among six cages, each containing 15 birds. At the end of the experiment, 18 ducks were slaughtered, and breast and thigh muscles were dissected from each carcass and stored at 4°C for 0 days and 7 days. The experiment was performed in triplicate. Following storage, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity of breast meat on Day 7. For thigh meat, the pH was significantly different on Day 7. In addition, significant differences between the two groups were detected (P<0.05) in the L* (lightness) and b* (yellowness) values of breast meat from 0 through 7 days, but not for a* (redness) values. For thigh meat, the supplementation of pelleted ST in the diet did not yield a significant difference (P>0.05) in L*, a*, and b* values on Days 0–7. In contrast, pelleted ST supplementation resulted in a significant difference (P<0.05) in b* values on Day 0. In conclusion, these results suggest that the supplementation of 1% ST to the diet of Pekin ducks improves the antioxidant capacity of meat tissue (increased DPPH radical-scavenging activity and decreased TBARS) to combat lipid oxidation in duck meat during storage.
3D Channel Tracking for UAV-Satellite Communications in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks

The space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) aims to provide seamless wide-area connections, high throughput and strong resilience for 5G and beyond communications. Acting as a crucial link segment of the SAGIN, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-satellite communication has drawn much attention. However, it is a key challenge to track dynamic channel information due to the low earth orbit (LEO) satellite orbiting and three-dimensional (3D) UAV trajectory. In this paper, we explore the 3D channel tracking for a Ka-band UAV-satellite communication system. We firstly propose a statistical dynamic channel model called 3D two-dimensional Markov model (3D-2D-MM) for the UAV-satellite communication system by exploiting the probabilistic insight relationship of both hidden value vector and joint hidden support vector. Specifically, for the joint hidden support vector, we consider a more realistic 3D support vector in both azimuth and elevation direction. Moreover, the spatial sparsity structure and the time-varying probabilistic relationship between degree patterns named the spatial and temporal correlation, respectively, are studied for each direction. Furthermore, we derive a novel 3D dynamic turbo approximate message passing (3D-DTAMP) algorithm to recursively track the dynamic channel with the 3D-2D-MM priors. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm achieves superior channel tracking performance to the state-of-the-art algorithms with lower pilot overhead and comparable complexity.
Effect of different fortifications of Panchgavya with Nigella sativa and Asparagus racemosus on growth performance parameters in poultry

In recent times, the scientific research has received a great concern about the use of antibiotics as growth promoter in poultry which leads to emergence of multiple drug resistance. Panchgavya, formulation of cow milk, curd, ghee, urine and dung has been claimed as growth promoter. Similarly indigenous herbs like Nigella sativa and Asparagus racemosus have been recommended as growth promoter and antibacterial. The present study was conducted to investigate growth promoter activity of Panchgavya, Nigella sativa, Asparagus racemosus and their combinations in poultry. The study was conducted on 96 healthy Narmada Nidhi day-old chicks, divided into 8 groups consisting 12 chicks with 2 replicates each. The diet of birds was supplemented with Panchgavya, Nigella sativa, Asparagus racemosus and their combinations daily for 56 consecutive days. It may be concluded that Panchgavya, Nigella sativa, Asparagus racemosus and their combinations in dietary supplementation for 56 consecutive days improved overall growth performance in birds.
Bistability and oscillations in cooperative microtubule and kinetochore dynamics in the mitotic spindle

In the mitotic spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores via catch bonds during metaphase, and microtubule depolymerization forces give rise to stochastic chromosome oscillations. We investigate the cooperative stochastic microtubule dynamics in spindle models consisting of ensembles of parallel microtubules, which attach to a kinetochore via elastic linkers. We include the dynamic instability of microtubules and forces on microtubules and kinetochores from elastic linkers. A one-sided model, where an external force acts on the kinetochore is solved analytically employing a mean-field approach based on Fokker–Planck equations. The solution establishes a bistable force–velocity relation of the microtubule ensemble in agreement with stochastic simulations. We derive constraints on linker stiffness and microtubule number for bistability. The bistable force–velocity relation of the one-sided spindle model gives rise to oscillations in the two-sided model, which can explain stochastic chromosome oscillations in metaphase (directional instability). We derive constraints on linker stiffness and microtubule number for metaphase chromosome oscillations. Including poleward microtubule flux into the model we can provide an explanation for the experimentally observed suppression of chromosome oscillations in cells with high poleward flux velocities. Chromosome oscillations persist in the presence of polar ejection forces, however, with a reduced amplitude and a phase shift between sister kinetochores. Moreover, polar ejection forces are necessary to align the chromosomes at the spindle equator and stabilize an alternating oscillation pattern of the two kinetochores. Finally, we modify the model such that microtubules can only exert tensile forces on the kinetochore resulting in a tug-of-war between the two microtubule ensembles. Then, induced microtubule catastrophes after reaching the kinetochore are necessary to stimulate oscillations. The model can reproduce experimental results for kinetochore oscillations in PtK1 cells quantitatively.
EXPLORING POSITIVE IDENTITY AND RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION IN BISEXUAL WOMEN IN RELATIONSHIPS WITH MEN

OF THESIS EXPLORING POSITIVE IDENTITY AND RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION IN BISEXUAL WOMEN IN RELATIONSHIPS WITH MEN Bi-negative discrimination, negative attitudes, and beliefs regarding bisexual individuals are at least partially responsible for mental and physical distress in the bisexual community (Friedman et al., 2014). Romantic relationships can act as a buffer against negative health outcomes as well as increase overall well-being (Dush & Amato, 2005). However, research has shown that binegitive attitudes can impact a person’s willingness to begin relationships with bisexual individuals (Fienstein et al., 2014). This study aimed to explore the impact of positive identity on relationship satisfaction of bisexual women in relationships with men. In particular, we investigated five possible facets of positive identity: (a) authenticity of identity, (b) social justice of identity, (c) self-awareness identity, (d) intimacy, and (f) sense of community and their potential links to relationship satisfaction. A total of 263 bisexual women participated in the study. In order to answer research question, a series of bivariate correlations followed by a multivariate regression utilizing LGB-PIM subscale scores as the independent variable (authenticity, social justice, self-awareness, intimacy, and sense of community) and important demographic characteristics (as control variables) to predict the dependent variable, relationship satisfaction. In this study, intimacy was the only significant predictor of relationship satisfaction for bisexual women in relationships with men. These findings contribute to what is known about intimacy within the context of intimate relationships specifically for bisexual women in relationships with men.
A tRNA modification balances carbon and nitrogen metabolism by regulating phosphate homeostasis, to couple metabolism to cell cycle progression

Cells must appropriately sense and integrate multiple metabolic resources to commit to proliferation. Here, we report that cells regulate carbon and nitrogen metabolic homeostasis through tRNA U34-thiolation. Despite amino acid sufficiency, tRNA-thiolation deficient cells appear amino acid starved. In these cells, carbon flux towards nucleotide synthesis decreases, and trehalose synthesis increases, resulting in a starvation-like metabolic signature. Thiolation mutants have only minor translation defects. However, these cells exhibit strongly decreased expression of phosphate homeostasis genes, resulting in an effectively phosphate-limited state. Reduced phosphate enforces a metabolic switch, where glucose-6-phosphate is routed towards storage carbohydrates. Notably, trehalose synthesis, which releases phosphate and thereby restores phosphate availability, is central to this metabolic rewiring. Thus, cells use thiolated tRNAs to perceive amino acid sufficiency, and balance carbon and amino acid metabolic flux to maintain metabolic homeostasis, by controlling phosphate availability. These results further biochemically explain how phosphate availability determines a switch to a ‘starvation-state’.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DATA RATE ON THE PERFORMANCE INVESTICATION OF NEW BROADCASTING TECHNIQUES IN WIRELESS MOBILE Ad Hoc NETWORKS

Mobile Ad hoc Network is collection of autonomous nodes and these nodes could move freely and at anytime and anywhere. They can send and receive information each other. Mobile nodes having the limited bandwidth, dynamic topologies and limited energy in nature and manet routing protocol specifies the routes between the nodes and disseminating information between them to discover routes and maintenance. The motivation of this performance analysis is to assess the impact of variable data bits in the three new routing approaches are probability-based broadcast, neighbor knowledge and neighbor aware techniques in through the NS-2 simulation. The performance indices chosen for analysis is throughput, delay, packet delivery ratio and routing over load.