Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of cultivar and soil fertility on grain protein yield, grain protein content, flour yield and breadmaking quality of wheat

Grain protein content affects the flour yield and breadmaking characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). In this study, grain protein yield, grain protein content, flour yield and loaf volume were quantified for four wheat cultivars (Inia, Carina, Kariega and SST 86) grown under six different soil fertility regimes in a long-term fertilisation and irrigation experiment at the University of Pretoria. The experimental design was a randomised complete block replicated four times, with fertility as the main plots and cultivars as the subplot treatments. Grain protein yield, flour yield, loaf volume and mixograph dough peak mixing time varied among cultivars and soil fertility situations. Grain protein content differed among cultivars, but mixograph water absorption and dough characteristics did not differ. The highest grain protein yield was 873 kg ha−1 for Carina and the lowest 527 kg ha−1 for SST 86. Grain protein content averaged 131 g kg−1 for Carina and 122 g kg−1 for Kariega. Breadmaking performance showed that in a well-balanced soil fertility situation, Kariega produced 1025 cm3 of loaf volume while Inia averaged 950 cm3. Grain protein yield increased with increasing soil fertility, but grain protein content, flour yield, loaf volume, water absorption and mixograph peak mixing time varied with soil fertility. The interaction between cultivar and soil fertility was significant for grain protein yield, grain protein content, flour yield, loaf volume and water absorption but not dough peak mixing time. The results indicate cultivar differences in breadmaking quality characteristics and that soil fertility status affects grain protein yield, grain protein content, flour yield, loaf volume potential and water absorption but not mixograph peak mixing time and dough characteristics. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrical Conductivity of Silver Sulfide

Mixed electronic and ionic conduction in silver sulfide is examined. The importance of terminal conditions which may affect the ratio of ionic to electronic currents in experimental measurements is emphasized. In particular, either the electronic or ionic components can be completely suppressed. This is the basis of a new method of measuring the ionic and electronic conductivities independently, as functions of the chemical potential ζ of the silver component. The electronic conductivity is found to vary as expBζ both above and below the transition at 177°C. However, the coefficient B changes abruptly from e/kT below the transition to e/2kT above. This result can be understood theoretically in terms of the following picture: Excess silver is present mainly as dissolved atoms below the transition and as dissociated ions and electrons above. In the former case, only the electrons contribute to ζ, whereas in the latter there is a contribution both from the electrons and the ions.
Bioinorganic Chemistry of Group 12 Complexes Supported by Tetradentate Tripodal Ligands Having Internal Hydrogen‐Bond Donors

Inspired by the proposed role of secondary hydrogen-bonding interactions in modulating the chemistry of mononuclear zinc centers in metalloenzymes, zinc complexes supported by tetradentate tripodal ligands having one or more internal hydrogen-bond donors have been prepared, characterized, and investigated for biologically relevant reactivity. Complexes of this class have been examined in terms of water activation and CO2 reactivity, alcohol/alkoxide coordination, and amide methanolysis and phosphate ester hydrolysis reactivity. The results of these studies indicate that the presence of internal hydrogen-bond donors will lower the pKa of a zinc-bound water molecule, stabilize zinc alkoxide species with respect to hydrolysis, and enhance the phosphate ester cleavage reactivity of mononuclear zinc complexes. In addition, use of tripodal ligands having a single internal hydrogen-bond donor has enabled the isolation of a novel cadmium hydroxide complex and examination of its CO2 chemistry, as well as the identification of a novel amide cleavage reaction which proceeds by initial formation of a deprotonated amide intermediate. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Insights into the self-reproduction of oleate vesicles

In view of the importance of vesicles as models for early cells, several groups have started work looking for conditions under which vesicles can undergo growth and division. Evidence for growth and division has been obtained with the help of ferritin-labelled vesicles; furthermore, it has been shown that in such processes the vesicle size distribution is largely conserved. In both cases, the data suggest that the process under study is mainly characterized by vesicle growth and eventually division into daughter vesicles. However, direct evidence for vesicle division has not been obtained. In this paper, mostly based on freeze-fracture electron microscopy, we describe conditions under which for the first time division intermediates can be trapped in the form of twin vesicles. This finding, together with supporting dynamic light scattering and fluorescence investigations, permits us to establish some additional points in the mechanism of vesicle self-reproduction.
Performance Enhancement and Evaluation of Distributed File System for Cloud

The choice of a suitable distributed file system is required for loading large data and high-speed processing through subsequent applications in a cloud environment. In this paper, we propose a write performance improvement method based on GlusterFS and evaluate the performance of MapRFS, CephFS and GlusterFS among existing distributed file systems in cloud environment. The write performance improvement method proposed in this paper enhances the response time by changing the synchronization level used by the synchronous replication method from disk to memory. Experimental results show that the distributed file system to which the proposed method is applied is superior to other distributed file systems in the case of sequential write, random write and random read.
Nanometer-scale ionic reservoir based on ion-responsive hydrogels

The applicability of the concept of ionic reservoir for the description of hydrogel behavior was demonstrated by potentiometric titration of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-1- vinylimidazole) hydrogel suspension. Four different regions of pH-changes of the microgel suspensions were identified on the titration curve in comparison with pure water. Particularly, at 10.5>pH>6.5 a hydrogel accumulates or releases H+ and Cl- ions without significant swelling/deswelling whereas at 6.5>pH>4 the storage of the ions occurs both due to their binding with ionizable groups on polymer network and due to strong swelling. The mechanical response of hydrogel (swelling/deswelling) is assumed to be a faster process than the electrochemical response (equilibration of ion concentrations interior and exterior to the hydrogel). The size of hydrogel spheres should be diminished to fasten an ionic reservoir response of the hydrogel. A novel protocol for preparation of polymer hydrogel spherical particles on a nanometer scale (nanogels) has been developed. Temperature- and pH-sensitive nanogels were detected and characterized by the dynamic light scattering technique and atomic force microscopy. Ptoentiometric titration of the obtained nanogels shows that the decrease in the ionic reservoir size gains the efficiency and, presumably, the rate of the electrochemical response. These findings indicate the necessity of time-resolved pH-measurements of the hydrogel suspensions for the characterization of the rate of the solute diffusion through the gel/water surface.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF GAS FLOWFIELD ON A ROTATING STREAM TRAY

Abstract The rotating stream tray is a new type of column tray operating in the spray regime, through which the gas stream rotates. Combinations, performances and applications of the rotating stream tray are introduced briefly. On a 300 mm diameter rotating stream tray, the gas flowfield was investigated with a DANTEC 55X laser Doppler anemometer. The data of velocity distributions in tangential, axial and radial directions on sections at different heights above the tray were obtained. A numerical model for computing the turbulence flow on the tray was also proposed. The predicted results of three-dimensional velocities and pressures were found to be in qualitative agreement with experimental data. The main gas flow features are clarified.
Crystal structures of Ga(II) and Ga(III)

The crystal structures of the high pressure Ga(II) and Ga(III) forms of gallium were studied by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction using a diamond anvil device. Ga(II) has a body‐centered‐cubic structure with a=5.951±0.005 A and 12 atoms in the centered cell; Ga(III) has a body‐centered‐tetragonal cell with a=2.813±0.003 A, c=4.452±0.005 A, and two atoms (this phase was previously labeled as Ga(II) in works cited in the text).
An Overview of On-Demand Deployment Optimization of Small Cells

On-demand deployment (OdD) of Small Cells (SC) achieves dynamic response to varying environment, offering high Quality of Service (QoS), supporting the promise of 5G with anticipated proliferation of the traffic size and the support of unprecedented huge number of devices. However, the densification using SCs, along with their required complex dynamic infrastructure, leads to complicated formulation and diverse optimization modeling. The high modeling diversity for different OdD applications (e.g., residential and industrial environment) results in difficulty in the optimization modeling and solving for SC OdD. In this article, we present a generic SC overlaid HetNet infrastructure, for various OdD applications. We conduct a survey of existing works, analyzing the modeling, solving and analysis of OdD optimization, categorizing according to the optimization objectives. Finally, we highlight the challenges in existing solutions; and hence, deduce a list of future research opportunities in the area of OdD optimization in SC-based mobile networks.
Effects of Resting vs. Continuous Blood-Flow Restriction-Training on Strength, Fatigue Resistance, Muscle Thickness, and Perceived Discomfort

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to clarify whether blood-flow restriction during resting intervals [resting blood-flow restriction (rBFR)] is comparable to a continuous BFR (cBFR) training regarding its effects on maximum strength, hypertrophy, fatigue resistance, and perceived discomfort. Materials and Methods: Nineteen recreationally trained participants performed four sets (30-15-15-15 repetitions) with 20% 1RM on a 45° leg press twice a week for 6 weeks (cBFR, n = 10; rBFR, n = 9). Maximum strength, fatigue resistance, muscle thickness, and girth were assessed at three timepoints (pre, mid, and post). Subjective pain and perceived exertion were determined immediately after training at two timepoints (mid and post). Results: Maximum strength (p < 0.001), fatigue resistance (p < 0.001), muscle thickness (p < 0.001), and girth (p = 0.008) increased in both groups over time with no differences between groups (p > 0.05). During the intervention, the rBFR group exposed significantly lower perceived pain and exertion values compared to cBFR (p < 0.05). Discussion: Resting blood-flow restriction training led to similar gains in strength, fatigue resistance, and muscle hypertrophy as cBFR training while provoking less discomfort and perceived exertion in participants. In summary, rBFR training could provide a meaningful alternative to cBFR as this study showed similar functional and structural changes as well as less discomfort.
Boron analysis in soil extracts and plant tissue by plasma emission spectroscopy 1

Abstract Nine Colorado soils were treated with sodium borate and were subjected to 3 wetting and drying cycles. These soils were extracted with hot water for boron analysis. Plant samples, including NBS standard reference materials (SRM) 1571, 1570, 1573, were dry ashed and wet digested using nitric acid. All soil extracts and plant digests were analyzed for boron using ICP‐AES and colorimetrically using the Azomethine‐H method. A high degree of correlation (r2 = .99) was found between boron determination by ICP and the Azomethine‐H method for soil extracts and plant digests. The Azomethine‐H method gave B values 9% higher than ICP‐AES on the average. Boron levels determined by ICP were similar to NBS boron values for both the dry ashed and wet digested SRM plant samples. Boron levels determined colorimetrically were comparable to the NBS values for dry ashed SRM plant samples. Plant samples digested in nitric acid could not be analyzed for boron by the Azomethine‐H colorimetric method due to interference.
Influence of sample preparation methods on the quantitation of selected tropane alkaloids from herb of Datura innoxia mill. by HPTLC

Summary The aim of our paper was the examination of various procedures of extraction and purification methods on the yield of atropine and scopolamine in Datura innoxia extracts determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). In our experiments, the following extraction methods were used: percolation, ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) at various temperatures, and microwave-assisted extraction (MASE). The highest extraction yields of atropine and scopolamine were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction method and aqueous acetic acid or aqueous tartaric acid used as extractants. Crude extracts of D. innoxia herb were purified by use of various methods: solid-phase extraction-strong cation exchanger (SPE-SCX), SPE-C18, and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The best results of purification with satisfactory %RSD values were obtained by liquid-liquid extraction by use of dichloromethane from aqueous crude alkaloid extract alkalized to pH 12. HPTLC was performed on pre-coated plates Kiese.
Template-based multiwalled TiO2/iron oxides nanotubes: Structure and magnetic properties

Double- and triple-walled TiO2/iron oxide nanotubes with well defined interfaces have been produced in nanoporous alumina templates using atomic layer deposition method. The structural properties of each individual layer are found to be dependent on the deposition temperatures. The outer layers of TiO2 are polycrystalline and consist of a phase mixture of anatase and rutile, while the inner TiO2 layers grown at lower temperature are amorphous. The iron oxide layers consist of pure hematite when deposited at 500 °C, while a phase mixture of hematite and magnetite was obtained at 400 °C. The magnetization measurements reveal that the studied nanotubes exhibit weak ferromagnetic behavior and magnetic anisotropy with an easy axis perpendicular to the tube axis.
Instrumentation and validation of polymer optical fiber sensor technology on a knee exoskeleton

In this paper is presented the construction, characterization, and evaluation of POF sensors for joint angle measurement and human-robot interaction torque assessment on a knee exoskeleton. Experimental tests with a voluntary user demonstrated the feasibility of these sensors on sitting position exercises. The results encourage us to work toward the implementation of this assembly in a six joint lower limb exoskeleton and to study robot control strategies based on POF sensor information.
GNOM – a program package for small-angle scattering data processing

The Fortran program package GNOM carries out SAS data treatment and interpretation for the disperse non-interacting dilute systems of different types. A general operator method based on Tikhonov's regularization technique is used. Here a finite real-space distribution function [the correlation function p(r) for monodisperse systems and size distribution function D(R) for polydisperse ones] is searched for to fit the experimental data in accordance with the experimental conditions and the error bounds. It is possible to require non-negativity of the solution. The package GNOM is applicable for arbitrary experimental conditions (arbitrary weighting functions and form factors) and provides solutions stable to statistical noise and termination effects. The program makes it possible to treat together experimental curves from the same object measured under different experimental conditions and to choose the best model from the given set. Interactive and batch versions are available. The program is adapted to NORD, VAX and IBM-PC computers. It possesses convenient graphics possibilities.
Theory of fluorescence depolarization in macromolecules and membranes

A comprehensive formalism is developed to describe the decay of the fluorescence emission anisotropy r(t) in macroscopically isotropic systems where both excited state and orientational dynamics contribute to the depolarization. It is shown how energy transfer, heterogeneity, and interconversion of excited states with different emission characteristics as well as both overall and internal reorientation can be treated in a unified way. Limits when the state and orientation dynamics are uncoupled and when the interconversion of the states is either much slower or much faster than the irreversible decay rates, are considered. A systematic treatment of the influence of internal motions is presented. First, the geometry of the transition dipoles is explicitly ‘‘factored out’’ and general expressions for r(t) are obtained for several cases including when the motion occurs about a fixed axis and an axis which in turn can ‘‘wobble’’ about a director. The initial and long‐time behavior of r(t) is examined and then.
ÜGK 2016: Assessment of mathematics skills: Documentation of questionnaire-based scales

This paper addresses the mechanisms leading to income differences during the early career, both between individuals and between occupations. It compares the level of standardization, vocational specificity, and vertical differentiation of vocational education and training (VET) programmes and examines how these differences affect VET diploma holders’ incomes in their early careers. We go beyond previous research by developing refined theoretical concepts of vocational specificity, standardization, and differentiation and by measuring them with novel curriculum-based data. Theoretically, the paper assumes that training programmes’ institutional characteristics determine income by influencing diploma holders’ productivity as well as the signalling power of the degree. We test our hypotheses by combining institutional data from VET curricula with individual-level data from the Swiss Labour Force Survey and by applying multilevel regression analyses. The results show that the institutional dimensions, in particular vocational specificity, are multifaceted and consist of several subdimensions, which impact young workers’ incomes to different degrees at various time points during their early careers.
Standard Normal Variate Transformation and De-Trending of Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra

Particle size, scatter, and multi-collinearity are long-standing problems encountered in diffuse reflectance spectrometry. Multiplicative combinations of these effects are the major factor inhibiting the interpretation of near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra. Sample particle size accounts for the majority of the variance, while variance due to chemical composition is small. Procedures are presented whereby physical and chemical variance can be separated. Mathematical transformations—standard normal variate (SNV) and de-trending (DT)—applicable to individual NIR diffuse reflectance spectra are presented. The standard normal variate approach effectively removes the multiplicative interferences of scatter and particle size. De-trending accounts for the variation in baseline shift and curvilinearity, generally found in the reflectance spectra of powdered or densely packed samples, with the use of a second-degree polynomial regression. NIR diffuse reflectance spectra transposed by these methods are free from multi-collinearity and are not confused by the complexity of shape encountered with the use of derivative spectroscopy.
The Palladium Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Aryl Halides by Thiolate Anions

In the presence of a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, phenyl and methyl or methoxyphenyl iodides and bromides were found to react with thiolate anions in alcoholic solvents, to give the corresponding aryl sulfides in excellent yield. The reaction is useful to prepare symmetrical or unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides and aryl alkyl sulfides. The reaction mechanism does not involve aryl halide radical anions, but is thought to involve oxidative addition of aryl halide to Pd(0), nucleophilic substitution on the adduct followed by reductive elimination.
Computational Study on All Possible Diamino-Dinitropyrimidines and Their Mono- and Dioxide Derivatives

Diamino-dinitropyrimidines and their mono- and dioxidized products were subjected to theoretical analysis at the level of density functional theory with the application of the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method of theory. The electronic energies and the nucleous-independent chemical shift (NICS) data were considered in order judge the stabilities of the systems. 4,6-Diamino-2,5-dinitropyrimidine (11), 2,6-diamino-4,5-dinitropyrimidine-1-oxide (8a), and 2,4-diamino-5,6-dinitropyrimidine-1,3-dioxide (8c) were calculated to be the most stable structures among pyrimidines and mono- and dioxide derivatives, respectively. Because these compounds are potential high-energy-density materials, their detonation parameters are also reported herein, together with bond dissociation energies regarding homolytic bond dissociation of the C-NO2 bond.
Evaluation of properties of starch-based adhesives and particleboard manufactured from them

The objective of this study was to evaluate some of the mechanical and physical properties of experimental particleboard panels manufactured from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) bonded using oil palm starch, wheat starch, and urea formaldehyde (UF) at a density of 0.60 g/cm3. Bending characteristics, internal bond strength, thickness swelling, and water absorptions of the samples were determined based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). Overall mechanical properties for natural binder oil palm starch resulted in higher values than those made from wheat starch. The highest internal-bonding strength (IB) value of 0.41 N/mm2 was determined for the samples made from oil palm starch. Dimensional stability in the form of thickness swelling of the samples made from oil palm starch had higher values, ranging from 4.24 to 22.84% than those manufactured from wheat starch. Natural adhesive showed comparable strength with panels manufactured with UF. Overall results meet the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) requirements except for water absorption and thickness swelling of the samples.
Two-dimensional arrays of colloidal gold particles : A flexible approach to macroscopic metal surfaces

Covalent attachment of nanometer-scale colloidal Au particles to organosilane-coated substrates is a flexible and general approach to formation of macroscopic Au surfaces that have well-defined nanostructure. Variations in substrate (glass, metal, Al2O3), geometry (planar, cylindrical), functional group (−SH, −P(C6H5)2, −NH2, −CN), and particle diameter (2.5−120 nm) demonstrate that each component of these assemblies can be changed without adverse consequences. Information about particle coverage and interparticle spacing has been obtained using atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and quartz crystal microgravimetry. Bulk surface properties have been probed with UV−vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and surface enhanced Raman scattering. Successful application of the latter two techniques indicates that these substrates may have value for Raman and electrochemical measurements. The assembly method described herein is compared with previous methods for controlling the na.