Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Association Study for Udder Conformation Traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle

Simple Summary Udder conformation traits are economically important for dairy animals in the dairy industry. Milk production loss can be reduced via a better udder structure in dairy cattle. Udder traits are related to milk production and the somatic cell count, which is a sign of mammary infections (mastitis); as such, it is vital to understand the genetic architecture underlying udder traits in Holstein Friesian cattle for genetic development and long-term selection. Through a GWAS on udder structure traits in Chinese Holstein cattle, we identified several significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes associated with udder traits. The results could provide useful information regarding the genetics architecture of udder structure traits, thus improving the genetic information, health, longevity, and production of dairy cattle. Abstract Udder conformation traits are one of the most economic traits in dairy cows, greatly affecting animal health, milk production, and producer profitability in the dairy industry. Genetic analysis of udder structure and scores have been developed in Holstein cattle. In our research, we conducted a genome-wide association study for five udder traits, including anterior udder attachment (AUA), central suspensory ligament (CSL), posterior udder attachment height (PUAH), posterior udder attachment width (PUAW), and udder depth (UD), in which the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) model was applied for the association analysis. The heritability and the standard errors of these five udder traits ranged from 0.04 ± 0.00 to 0.49 ± 0.03. Phenotype data were measured from 1000 Holstein cows, and the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP) Bovine 100 K SNP chip was used to analyze genotypic data in Holstein cattle. For GWAS analysis, 984 individual cows and 84,407 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remained after quality control; a total of 18 SNPs were found at the GW significant threshold (p < 5.90 × 10−7). Many candidate genes were identified within 200kb upstream or downstream of the significant SNPs, which include MGST1, MGST2, MTUS1, PRKN, STXBP6, GRID2, E2F8, CDH11, FOXP1, SLF1, TMEM117, SBF2, GC, ADGRB3, and GCLC. Pathway analysis revealed that 58 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 18 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were enriched with adjusted p values, and these GO terms and the KEGG pathway analysis were associated with biological information, metabolism, hormonal growth, and development processes. These results could give valuable biological information for the genetic architecture of udder conformation traits in dairy Holstein cattle.
Effect of cosmic ray/X-ray ionization on supermassive black hole formation

We study the effects of external ionization by cosmic rays (CRs) and X-rays on the thermal evolution of primordial clouds under strong far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. A strong FUV radiation field photodissociates H2 and quenches its cooling. Even in such an environment, a massive cloud with virial temperature >rsim104 K can contract isothermally at 8000 K by hydrogen Lyman α cooling. This cloud collapses monolithically without fragmentation, and a supermassive star (>rsim105 M⊙) is believed to form at the centre, which eventually evolves into a supermassive black hole (SMBH). However, candidates of FUV sources, including star-forming galaxies, are probably sources of strong CRs and X-rays too. We find that external ionization promotes H2 production and elevates the threshold FUV intensity Jcrit needed for SMBH formation for CR energy density UCR > rsim 10−14 erg cm-3 or X-ray intensity JX > rsim 10−24 erg s-1 cm−2 sr−1 Hz−1 at 1 keV. The critical FUV flux increases as Jcrit∝UCR1/2 (∝JX1/2) in the high CR (respectively X-ray) limit. With the same value of FUV intensity at the Lyman limit (13.6 eV), the H− photodissociation rate, with a threshold of 0.755 eV, increases and the H2 abundance decreases with decreasing effective temperature of the FUV sources T*. A lower value of T* thus results in a lower critical FUV flux Jcrit at the Lyman limit. Using an empirical relation between the intensities of FUV and CRs/X-rays from nearby star-forming galaxies, we find that the external ionization effect remarkably enhances the critical FUV flux for sources with T* as high as 105 K and composed of stars with mass ≲100 M⊙ to a level that is not realized in any halo. This indicates that to induce SMBH formation the FUV sources must be either Population II/I galaxies with low brightness temperature (T*∼ 104 K), Population III galaxies (T*∼ 105 K) with a very top-heavy initial mass function or Population III galaxies too young to harbour sources of CRs/X-rays, for example supernova remnants or high-mass X-ray binaries.
Use of a Minimally Invasive Traction Repositor versus Conventional Manual Traction for the Treatment of Tibial Fractures: A Comparative Study from a Tertiary Hospital in China

Background Closed reduction and intramedullary nail fixation of tibial fractures may not utilize a fracture table or reduction aids like a femoral distractor, and only manual traction will help aid the reduction process. This study aimed to describe and further investigate the effectiveness of an originally designed minimally invasive traction repositor (MITR) for the treatment of tibial fractures. Methods From January 2018 to April 2021, a total of 119 eligible patients with tibial shaft fractures were included and retrospectively assigned to two groups according to different reduction methods: MITR group vs conventional manual traction (CMT) group. The baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable, including age, gender, BMI, residence, smoking history, drinking history, injury mechanism, fracture type, ASA, method of anesthesia, and surgical delay (all P > 0.05). The operation time, fracture reduction duration, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy time, number of intraoperative fluoroscopies, VAS, HSS, fracture healing time, and complications were compared. Results All patients completed the follow-ups with an average of 18.5 months (range 12–42 months). The operation time, fracture reduction duration, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy time, and number of fluoroscopies were significantly decreased in the MITR group (all P < 0.05). At one month postoperatively, the VAS score was statistically lower in the MITR group (1.8±0.8) than in the CMT group (2.6±1.5). At 6 months postoperatively, the HHS score was statistically higher in the MITR group (90.8±2.3) than in the CMT group (86.4±3.8). We observed no statistical difference in the mean fracture healing time, bone nonunion, implant failure, and infection between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Compared with CMT, MITR facilitates the minimally invasive treatment of tibial fractures and has the advantages of operation time, fracture reduction duration, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy time, number of fluoroscopies, and satisfactory VAS and HSS scores.
Quantum dot scanning tunneling microscopy for Majorana bound states in continuum

We propose a device composed of a quantum dot (QD) connected to a normal metal lead to detect Majorana bound states (MBSs), which are formed at the ends of a topological superconductor nanowire (TSNW) and coupled to the lead with spin-dependent hybridization strengths. The information of the MBSs leaked into the lead is inferred from the spectral function of the QD serving as the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). It is found that lead–MBSs interaction induces a bound state characterized by an infinitely high peak in the dot’s zero-energy spectral function. The overlap between the two modes of the MBSs turns this bound state into a resonant one, and thus the zero-energy peak is split into three with the height of the central one equaling that in the absence of lead–MBSs coupling. We also find that the MBSs have lower impacts on the additional peak in the dot’s spectral function induced by intradot Coulomb interaction.
Cilia-related gene signature in the nasal mucosa correlates with disease severity and outcomes in critical respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause life-threatening respiratory failure in infants. We sought to characterize the local host response to RSV infection in the nasal mucosa of infants with critical bronchiolitis and to identify early admission gene signatures associated with clinical outcomes. Methods Nasal scrape biopsies were obtained from 33 infants admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with critical RSV bronchiolitis requiring non-invasive respiratory support (NIS) or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed. Gene expression in participants who required shortened NIS (</= 3 days), prolonged NIS (> 3 days), and IMV was compared. Findings Increased expression of ciliated cell genes and estimated ciliated cell abundance, but not immune cell abundance, positively correlated with duration of hospitalization in infants with critical bronchiolitis. A ciliated cell signature characterized infants who required NIS for > 3 days while a basal cell signature was present in infants who required NIS for </= 3 days, despite both groups requiring an equal degree of respiratory support at the time of sampling. Infants who required invasive mechanical ventilation had increased expression of genes involved in neutrophil activation and cell death. Interpretation Increased expression of cilia-related genes in clinically indistinguishable infants with critical RSV may differentiate between infants who will require prolonged hospitalization and infants who will recover quickly. Validation of these findings in a larger cohort is needed to determine whether a cilia-related gene signature can predict duration of illness in infants with critical bronchiolitis. The ability to identify which infants with critical RSV bronchiolitis may require prolonged hospitalization using non-invasive nasal samples would provide invaluable prognostic information to parents and medical providers.
Examination of Turkish Teacher Candidates’ Critical Thinking Dispositions and Their Attitudes toward Book Reading Habits According to Various Variables

This study aimed to determine the levels of Turkish teacher candidates’ critical thinking dispositions and their attitudes toward book reading habits, examine them according to various variables, and reveal the relationship between Turkish teacher candidates’ critical thinking dispositions and their attitudes toward book-reading habits. A relational survey model was used in this study. The study sample consists of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th-grade Turkish teacher candidates who studied in the Department of Turkish Education in the Faculty of Education of a state university in the spring semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. The research data were collected using the “Personal Information Form” prepared by the researchers, the “Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale” developed by Akbıyık (2002), and the “Attitude Scale towards Reading Habit” developed by Gömleksiz (2004). The valid 165 questionnaires were analyzed in statistical programs. As a result of analyzes, it was determined that the critical thinking dispositions of Turkish teacher candidates and their total attitudes towards their reading habits were slightly above the level of “I agree”. According to the results obtained, Turkish teacher candidates’ critical thinking dispositions differ significantly according to the average number of books read monthly and the grade point average variables. Attitudes toward book reading habits also differ significantly according to the average number of books read monthly and grade point average variables. Furthermore, there is a moderately positive and significant correlation between Turkish teacher candidates’ critical thinking dispositions and their attitudes toward book-reading habits.
Energy-dependent damping of excitations over an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate

We report the measurement of Beliaev damping of bulk excitations in cigar shaped Bose Einstein condensates of atomic vapor. By using post selection, excitation line shapes of the total population are compared with those of the undamped excitations. We find that the damping depends on the initial excitation energy of the decaying quasi particle, as well as on the excitation momentum. We model the condensate as an infinite cylinder and calculate the damping rates of the different radial modes. The derived damping rates are in good agreement with the experimentally measured ones. The damping rates strongly depend on the destructive interference between pathways for damping, due to the quantum many-body nature of both excitation and damping products.
Pengaruh Pengembangan Karir Dan Lingkungan Kerja Fisik Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Pada PT Honoris Industry

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengembangan karir dan lingkungan kerja fisik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan pada PT Honoris Industry. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 90 responden (karyawan) PT Honoris Industry. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif asosiatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan probability sampling. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik menggunakan uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas dan uji heterokedastisitas, analisis regresi linier berganda, analisis koefisien korelasi berganda, dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji t, uji f dan uji determinasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengembangan karir berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan dengan nilai t hitung variabel Pengembangan Karir (X1) lebih besar dari ttabel (5,552 > 1,987) dengan nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari 0,05 yaitu 0,000, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel pengembangan karir (X1) secara persial berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan (Y), lingkungan kerja fisik berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan dengan nilai thitung variabel lingkungan kerja fisik (X2) lebih besar dari ttabel (5,821 > 1,987) dengan nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari 0,05 yaitu 0,000, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel lingkungan kerja fisik (X2) secara persial berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan (Y), dan Pengaruh Pengembangan Karir dan Lingkungan Kerja Fisik terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan pada PT Honoris Industry dapat dapat diperoleh fhitung sebesar 112,560 > 3.10 atau tingkat signifikan 0,000, maka Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak, artinya dinyatakan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang kuat atau signifikan antara pengembangan karir dan lingkungan kerja fisik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan pada PT Honoris Industry.
Afghan EFL teachers’ perceptions towards Grammar-Translation Method (GTM)

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to explore the perceptions of Afghan EFL teachers towards the use of Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) in English classrooms. It aimed to investigate the use of different techniques of teaching English to students through the application of GTM in classrooms. Furthermore, the study sought to determine how GTM helped teachers to use translation technique to translate short passages and other language items and effects of GTM on Afghan teaching classrooms through students’ performance. The study also tried to find out differences in the perceptions teachers by gender, age, first language, and teaching experience. The data collected from 150 participants who were teaching English at Takhar University and other English language centers. The study employed Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that teachers liked and welcomed GTM to be applied in English classrooms. Furthermore, the results also showed that participants considered GTM a very important method of teaching because it helped them teach grammar rules properly. Another finding of the study was that teachers would often translate short passages, instructions and any language items into L1 in order to help learners to learn the target language. Moreover, the study revealed that applying Grammar-Translation Method in language classroom affected the students’ performance. It also showed that there were not any statistically significant differences by their gender, age, and teaching experience except their language.
Estimating the masses of galaxy groups: alternatives to the virial theorem

Group masses are almost always computed using the virial theorem. Bahcall and Tremaine ( 1 9 8 1 ) studied the reliability of mass estimates based on the virial theorem for the case of test particles orbiting a central mass. They found that virial theorem estimates were both inefficient and biased. We have extended the work of Bahcall and Tremaine by exploring alternative mass estimators to the virial theorem for self-gravitating systems.
OXIDATION OF n-OCTANE IN THE PRESENCE OF MANGANESE-POLYMER CATALYST AND SELECTION OF THE APPROPRIATE KINETIC MODEL

Oxidation of n-octane was carried out in a stationary reactor using immobilized manganese nanoparticles in various mass percentages (5 and 10 wt.%) on poly(4-vinylpyridine). It was found that manganese-containing catalysts immobilized in polymer are more active in the oxidation of n-octane than similar homogeneous catalysts. A kinetic model and an equation for calculating the oxidation of n-octane in the presence of a manganese-polymer catalyst were chosen for the calculation. Taking into account the kinetic model, the velocity constant of the specified process is calculated. A high conversion in the oxidation reaction of n-octane with molecular oxygen was obtained
Electron cooling and finite potential drop in a magnetized plasma expansion

The steady, collisionless, slender flow of a magnetized plasma into a surrounding vacuum is considered. The ion component is modeled as mono-energetic, while electrons are assumed Maxwellian upstream. The magnetic field has a convergent-divergent geometry, and attention is restricted to its paraxial region, so that 2D and drift effects are ignored. By using the conservation of energy and magnetic moment of particles and the quasi-neutrality condition, the ambipolar electric field and the distribution functions of both species are calculated self-consistently, paying attention to the existence of effective potential barriers associated to magnetic mirroring. The solution is used to find the total potential drop for a set of upstream conditions, plus the axial evolution of various moments of interest (density, temperatures, and heat fluxes). The results illuminate the behavior of magnetic nozzles, plasma jets, and other configurations of interest, showing, in particular, in the divergent plasma the collisionless cooling of electrons, and the generation of collisionless electron heat fluxes.
Contraction Maps on Complexity Spaces and itExpoDC Algorithms

We present a mathematical model, based on techniques of Denotational Semantics, for the complexity analysis of itexpoDC algorithms. This is done by showing that the recurrence inequation associated to an itexpoDC algorithm gives rise to a contraction map on a suitable quasi‐metric space of complexity functions. We prove that this contraction has a unique fixed point which is the maximal element, with respect the order induced by the quasi‐metric, of the set of solutions of the recurrence inequation. The complexity of such an algorithm is represented by this maximal element.
A Hybrid Accuracy- and Energy-Aware Human Activity Recognition Model in IoT Environment

Personalised health and fitness provide users with information regarding their wellbeing and an opportunity to inform healthcare services for better patient outcomes. Underpinning this industry sector is the need to establish human activity recognition (HAR) in a ubiquitous manner. For example, through the use of smartwatches and/or mobile phones gathering information such as heart rates, movement, and steps of a user. The engineering challenge is providing accurate, informative, and timely data without rapidly depleting the mobile device's battery life. This problem is compounded as a number of algorithms used to process such data require substantial, cloud-based resources, to achieve higher accuracy. Therefore, a balance is required between battery depletion, accuracy of data, and timely delivery of results through a mixture of cloud and local algorithmic execution. In this article, we propose AE-HAR (Accuracy and Energy Aware-HAR) model that delivers engineered solutions which approach optimal combinations in the consideration of energy consumption, accuracy, and timeliness of results. AE-HAR introduces a “light-weight” machine learning on-device component identifying the probabilistic accuracy of data together with energy consumption identification requirements. A heuristic is then adopted to determine if cloud-enabled calculations are required while including possible performance costs related to the analysis of networking infrastructures. Our model is validated in a real-world environment through experimentation that demonstrates accuracy in excess of 93% and energy consumption savings in excess of 94%.
Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition Using Electrical Impedance Tomography

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been applied in the field of human-computer interaction due to its advantages including the fact that it is non-invasive and has both low power consumption and a low cost. Previous work has focused on static gesture recognition based on EIT. Compared with static gestures, dynamic gestures are more informative and can achieve more functions in human-machine collaboration. In order to verify the feasibility of dynamic gesture recognition based on EIT, a traditional excitation drive pattern is optimized in this paper. The drive pattern of the fixed excitation electrode is tested for the first time to simplify the measurement process of the dynamic gesture. To improve the recognition accuracy of the dynamic gestures, a dual-channel feature extraction network combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), namely CG-SVM, is proposed. The new center distance loss is designed in order to simultaneously supervise the intra-class distance and inter-class distance. As a result, the discriminability of the confusing data is improved. With the new excitation drive pattern and classification network, the recognition accuracy of different interference data has increased by 2.7~14.2%. The new method has stronger robustness, and realizes the dynamic gesture recognition based on EIT for the first time.
Developing Critical Reflection and Inquiry Among Teacher Candidates in an Elementary Mathematics Methods Course

This study explores how past and present experiences with mathematics interact as teacher candidates engage in a series of critical inquiry and reflection opportunities embedded in a mathematics methods course. The study involved 28 teacher candidates enrolled in an undergraduate education program within a large university. Data were collected through a series of written reflections and semi-structured interviews. The results reveal that the teacher candidates possess a wide variety of feelings towards mathematics, yet they are often influenced by how they were taught as students. Further, negative experiences with mathematics appear to be more prevalent than positive ones. Opportunities for critical inquiry and reflective thinking allowed the participants to develop new understandings about teaching and learning mathematics. Overall, the findings indicate that there are meaningful pedagogical opportunities for giving teacher candidates opportunities to revisit previous experience, construct new meaning, and challenge old assumptions about teaching and learning mathematics. 1 Cerezci and Chase: Developing Critical Reflection and Inquiry Published by Digital Commons@NLU, 2022