Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Optimization Method for Ship Navigation in Multiple Emission Control Areas

While the marine transportation industry is responsible for most global transportation tasks, it also accounts for a large proportion of greenhouse emissions. With the goal of carbon neutrality, emission control and marine carbon trading scheme are developed. Transportation ships will be subject to the emission control area with multiple protection levels. In this paper, a hierarchical optimization method of ship integrated power system (IPS) is proposed to reduce transportation costs by splitting the optimization problem via different time scales. Then, the operation problems of the ship’s powertrain and power system are solved, respectively. The cost of the proposed method and the traditional constant navigation schemes are compared. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the total cost of the route by adjusting the speed flexibly according to different protection levels in each control area.
Novel function and regulation of mutagenic DNA polymerases in Escherichia coli

The observation that mutations in the Escherichia coli genes umuC ÷ and umuD ÷ abolish mutagenesis induced by UV-light strongly supported the counterintuitive notion that such mutagenesis is an active rather than passive process. Biochemical studies have revealed that umuC and its homolog dinB÷ encode novel, low to moderate fidelity DNA polymerases with the ability to catalyze synthesis on imperfect DNA templates in a process termed translesion synthesis (TLS). Similar enzymes exist in nearly all organisms, constituting the Y-superfamily of DNA polymerases. Although DinB is the only Y-family DNA polymerase conserved among all domains of life, its precise function has remained elusive. Here we show that AdinB E. coli strains are sensitive to DNA damaging agents that form lesions at the N2 position of guanine. In vitro bypass studies of an N2-guanine adduct by DinB demonstrate considerable preference for correct nucleotide insertion and an increased catalytic proficiency on the lesion-bearing template relative to undamaged DNA. Moreover, DinB and its mammalian and archaeal orthologs possess similar substrate specificities. Mutation of a single residue in the active site ofE. coli DinB suggests that its enhanced activity is coupled to lesion recognition and that its TLS function is required for resistance to DNA damaging agents in vivo. Regulation of the mutagenic potential of DinB is critical for maintenance of genomic integrity. We present evidence indicating that abortive TLS products generated by a DinB variant are subject to the proofreading function of DNA polymerase III. Moreover, both the TLS activity and -1 frameshift mutator potential of DinB are modulated in a highly sophisticated manner by the DNA damage-inducible proteins RecA and UmuD2. These biochemical data, coupled with genetic analyses and molecular modeling, indicate that DinB is a specialized and remarkably controlled translesion DNA polymerase. In addition, we present evidence that the umuC participates in several novel biological functions in addition to its established role in TLS. A novel umuC gain-of-function allele confers striking resistance to hydroxyurea and umuC÷ mediates the expression of genes and physiological responses under conditions of SOS induction. Taken together, these observations hint at at a largely uncharacterized function of Y-family polymerases in sculpting physiological responses, including active mechanisms of cell death, in response to environmental stress. Thesis Supervisor: Graham C. Walker Title: Professor of Biology To my wife Mimrna for her unwavering support and patience
Molecular biology approach to anaerobic digestion of marine biomass : anaerobic digestion from marine materials : what makes a methanogen happy?

General rights and useage policy Copyright,IP and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UHI Research Database are retained by the author, users must recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement, or without prior permission from the author.
Expression analysis of boiling-stable protein (BsCyp) in response to drought, salt and osmotic treatments in drought tolerant and susceptible cultivars of Triticum aestivum

cyclophilin, revealed the induction of a cross-reacting band (40 kDa, BsCyp) in cv. 306. However no substantial expression was observed in drought sensitive cv. HD-2004, indicating its role in water stress adaptation. Thermostability studies of BsCyp in cv. 306 revealed that BsCyp was stable and can be detected even after 20 min of boiling treatment under all the stresses. Based upon these observations the possible role of BsCyp in water stress tolerance is discussed.
A Layout Generator of Latch, Flip-Flop, and Shift Register for High-Speed Links

This paper presents a layout generator of a latch, a flip-flop, and a shift register for high-speed links. Design rule checking and layout versus schematic clean layouts of the latch, the flip-flop, and the shift register with various design parameters can be quickly generated by the proposed layout generator in 28 nm/65 nm CMOS technology. The layout generator significantly saves the time for resizing the layouts. The layout generation time was only 1.18 % of manual layout development time, but the generated layout has the almost same performance as the manual layout in the post-layout simulation.
Molecular Phylogeny of Cyprinid Fishes of India Using 12s rRNA Gene Sequences

Taxonomic position of the four important coldwater fish species of India - namely, the snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray); golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton-Buchanan); Indian trout, Raiamus bola (Hamilton-Buchanan) and garra, Garra gotyla (Gray) - varies according to different sources. In order to confirm the subfamily level taxonomic positions, a pair of universal primers amplified 12S rRNA genes of these species. The universal primers uniformly amplified 456 bp lengths of 12S rRNA genes of all the species. The amplified genes were sequenced further, and the base composition and the alignment of sequences were compared. The presence of a common conserved core region of all the four fish 12S rRNA genes indicates that all these species belong to the same family (Cyprinidae). The phylogenetic tree constructed based on these 12S rRNA gene sequences suggests the possible occurrence of three subfamilies, namely, Schizothoracinae, Cyprininae and Rasborinae, within the family Cyprinidae.
ANALISIS VALUE AT RISK DIBAWAH CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL BERDISTRIBUSI KOYCK DENGAN VOLATILITAS TAK KONSTAN DAN EFEK LONG MEMORY

Dalam paper ini dianalisis Value-at-Risk (VaR) dibawah Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) yang berdistribusi Koyck dengan volatilitas tak konstan dan efek long memory. Diasumsikan bahwa tingkat pengembalian saham dibawah CAPM dengan lagged. Untuk mengestimasi koefisien beta dalam CAPM dengan lagged, dilakukan dengan pendekatan distribusi Koyck. VaR, sebagai ukuran tingkat risiko investasi, dirumuskan berdasarkan CAPM dengan lagged yang berdistribusi Koyck. Dengan asumsi bahwa tingkat pengembalian indeks pasar memiliki volatilitas tak konstan, dimodelkan dengan model-model generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH). Sedangkan efek long memory dianalisis menggunakan model autoregressive fractional integrated moving average (ARFIMA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengembalian indeks pasar terdapat efek long memory. Model rata-rata dan variansi tingkat pengembalian indeks pasar terdiferensi mengikuti model ARMA(1,1)-GARCH(1,1). Dibawah CAPM yang berdistribusi Koyck, masing-masing tingkat pengembalian sahamsaham S1 sampai dengan S10 menghasilakan VaR relatif kecil, dengan kinerja cukup tepat. Dari sahamsaham S1 sampai dengan S10, risiko terkecil pada saham S6 dengan VaR adalah 0,036540 dan risiko terbesar pada saham S2 dengan VaR adalah 0,104079. Kata Kunci: CAPM, distribusi Koyck, model ARFIMA, model GARCH, VaR.
The interaction between maternal nutrient restriction and postnatal nutrient excess in an ovine model

Evidence from human and animal studies has highlighted the sensitivity of the developing fetus to environmental insults, such as maternal undernutrition, during gestation. These nutritional perturbations to the intrauterine milieu may engender a legacy of deleterious health consequences in adulthood. This thesis presents a series of studies which test the `mis-match‘ fetal programming theory; that is, whether a nutritionally poor diet prenatally interacts with a nutritionally excessive diet postnatally to overtly increase risk factors for adult disease. The effect of a maternal global energy restriction is contrasted against a maternal specific protein restriction, each fed during either early or late gestation. Adult offspring were subsequently exposed to an obesogenic environment (elevated feed with increased lipid content whilst restricting physical activity). Offspring metabolic flexibility and competence were assessed through routine blood samples throughout postnatal life and at 7, 18 and 24 months of age by glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests and body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. In general males appeared more susceptible to developmental programming than females at a number of timepoints. Furthermore, an increased first-phase or incremental area-under-the-insulin-response curve was observed in 1) offspring following maternal protein restriction in early gestation at 7 and 24 months of age, despite maternal protein restriction in late gestation significantly reducing birthweight and 2) in offspring exposed to maternal energy restriction during late gestation at 24 months of age in response to a GTT. Since, in both groups, the response of all offspring to an ITT (from a euglycemic baseline) was similar, infers that developmental programming in sheep followed by nutritional excess is first revealed as affecting either the pancreas (~insulin hypersecretion) or the liver (hepatic insulin resistance, reduced first-pass insulin metabolism). The studies illustrate the importance of habitual consumption of an `optimal’ balanced diet through gestation on postnatal health, especially in light of the current obesity epidemic.
Classification of strains of Xanthomonas oryzae on the basis of their susceptibility against bacteriophage

1. The 30 isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae collected from various places in Korea were classified into 2 strains in A' and B, by the 4 kinds of Japanese bacteriophages as follow; A' strain; Susceptible to and but not to and . B strain; Susceptible to , and but not to . Of these bacterial strains, A' strain, a little different to A strain in Japan, was susceptible to , while A' strain was resistant to , 2. A' strain was widely and commonly distributed throughout this country, In geographical distribution, it was generally known that A' strain was distributed in south of Kyunggi-Do, whereas B strain was distributed north of Suwon area. 3. No specific tendency was found in the distribution of these strains in same variety.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CANTHARIDIN (2, 6-DIMETHYL-4, 10-DIOXATRICYCLO-(5.2.1.02, 6) DECANE-3, 5-DIONE) ISOLATED FROM RED HEADED BLISTER BEETLE, EPICAUTA HIRTICORNIS

The title compound C 10 H 12 O 4 , named as cantharidin a type of terpenoid, is an anticancer chemical compound secreted by many species of blister beetles. It is an achiral compound. It has a plane of symmetry that goes through the middle of the bonds C 2 C 3 and C 5 C 6 . It's a meso compound (2S, 3R). The criteria for Epicauta hirticornis to be included in the present study was mainly based on the survey and information collected from the traditional healers of the Karbi Anglong region of Assam, India for its uses in the treatment of many ailments including cancer suspected diseases which have not been properly documented. The beetle, Epicauta hirticornis commonly known as red-headed blister beetle, belongs to the class- insecta, order- coleoptera and family- meloidae. The size of this beetle ranges from 1.5 to 2.0 cm and their body colour is black with two pairs of long legs and red head with one pair of long antenna. In the present study the bioactive compound, cantharidin was isolated and crystallized from E. hirticornis .
COMMENTARY DNA polymerase d/PCNA: actions and interactions

Recent work has shown that the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an essential component for the replication of the eucaryotic virus, SV40, in a human cell extract. This is due to its interaction with a hitherto overlooked DNA polymerase (pol <5), and this discovery has brought these two proteins under the scrutiny of those working in the cell cycle, replication and DNA polymerase fields. However, there has been some confusion in the literature surrounding the description of these two important proteins. Through the years PCNA has been independently described as three separate proteins, namely PCNA, cyclin and the DNA polymerase 6 auxiliary protein (see below). To add to the confusion, a totally distinct protein, which was identified in fertilised sea-urchin and clam eggs (Evans et al. 1983), was also called 'cyclin'. This cyclin bears no relation to the protein described here. If this were not enough, as soon as opinion appeared to agree that pol 5 was in fact a separate enzyme and not a derivative of pol a as had been suggested (one of the distinguishing criteria being that the mode of action of pol <5 was dramatically affected by PCNA), then several groups began to find two types of pol 8. Both of these exhibited '<5-like' properties but differed in their ability to respond to the auxiliary factor. The aim of this article is to clarify this picture, first by describing pol <5 and how this enzyme differs from pol a, and also by briefly reviewing the history of PCNA, especially in its relation to pol 6. In conclusion I would like to suggest how the two different types of pol <5, one PCNA-dependent and the other PCNA-independent, may have different functions in eucaryotic cells.
Growth and Biochemical Changes of Vegetable Seedlings Induced by Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungus

Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002 ABSTRACT : The efforts were made to study the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AM) on the morphological and biochemical changes of four different vegetable seedlings grown under nursery conditions. The symbiotic association between AM fungi and plant roots provides a significant contribution to plant nutrition and growth. Hence, an attempt has been made to examine the effect of AM fungi on the four vegetable crops such as Tomato ( Lycopersicum esculentum L.), Brinjal ( Solanum melongena L.), Chilli ( Capsicum annuum L.) and Bhendhi ( Abelmoschus esculentus Moench.). The maximum increase in four plant’s morphological parameters like root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaves, total leaf area and biochemical parameters like chlorophylls, proteins and nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were observed in AM fungi treated seedlings when compared to non-mycorrhizal seedlings (controlled). The sugar and starch contents showed decrease in mycorrhizal seedlings than non-mycorrhizal one. Key words: Glumus fasciculatum , Vegetables, Morphological parameters, Biochemical content Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002 M. Lenin, G. Selvakumar, P. Thamizhiniyan, R. Rajendiran. Growth and Biochemical Changes of Vegetable Seedlings Induced by Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungus. J. Exp. Sci. 1(4):27-31 Please Cite This Article As:
Germination and Emergence of Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus)

Mechanical scarification of burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus L.) seeds resulted in increased water absorption and germination. Burcucumber germination occurred at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 C with optimum germination occurring from 20 to 30 C. Scarified burcucumber seeds were more sensitive to simulated moisture stress than were either soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Williams’] or corn [Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer Brand 3369A’]. Regardless of osmotic potential, intact burcucumber seeds did not germinate; scarified seeds germinated at osmotic potentials to −6 bars. Cold stratification at 4 C for 18 weeks modified seedcoat permeability so that 11% of non-scarified burcucumber seeds germinated. Increasing depth of planting decreased emergence with limited emergence occurring at depths of 15 and 16 cm in field and growth chamber studies, respectively.
Physiochemical investigation of essential oils from three Cymbopogon species cultivated in Sudan

Cymbopogon (Poaceae) represents an important genus of about 140 species that grow in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. They have diverse uses in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food and flavor, and agriculture industries. The essential oils from C. citratus leaves, C. nervatus inflorescences, C. proximus leaves and C. proximus inflorescence were prepared using hydrodistillation method. The percentage yield and the physical properties of the oils were determined, The essential oils were analyzed for identification of their chemical composition using GC-MS technique. Piperitone (43.2, 45.8%), elemol (13.45, 14.43%), 4-carene (7.55, 9.75%), β eudesmol (5.41, 4.32%), limonene (2.45, 4.03%) and αeudesmol (2.61, 4.66%), β-elemene (2.24, 1.30%) were the main components identified in the essential oil of C. proximus leaves and inflorescence, respectively. The main constituents identified in C. nervatus inflorescence essential oil were αverbenol (20%), trans-pincarveol (19.41%), transpmenthe-2,8dien-ol (14.14), d-Limonene (8.49%), cis-piperitol (8.46%), cyclohexanol-2methylene -5(1-methyl ethenyl) (8.32%), 2-cyclo pentylcyclopentanone (7.28%) and carvone (4.58%), whereas the main identified constituents in C. citratus essential oil were citral, which is a mixture of the stereoisomer geranial (32.74%) and neral (26.23%), β-pinene (9.36%) and Geraniol (4.47%). The essential oils distilled from Cymbopogon species, C. citratus leaves, C. proximus leaves, C. proximus inflorescences and C. nervatus inflorescences, revealed different chemical composition, but they shared a common feature, that their major constituents were oxygenated monoterpenes among the other terpenoid classes
THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID AGAINST CARCINOGENESIS

The long-range goal of this project is to investigate the protective effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) against carcinogenesis. In this dissertation, we demonstrate the mechanisms of CLA action on cell cycle progression and repression of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-induced Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in breast and colon cancer cells. CLA reduced the expression of factors required for G1 to S-phase transition including cyclins D1 and E, and hyperphoshorylated retinoblastoma Rb protein. In contrast, the over-expression of mutant p53 (175Arg to His) in MCF-7 cells prevented the CLA-dependent accumulation of p21 and the reduction of cyclin E levels suggesting that the expression of wildtype p53 is required for CLA-mediated activation of the G1 restriction point. We also report, CLA reduced the expression of COX-2 promoter activity induced by the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-ligand benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Mutagenesis or deletion of potential xenobiotic responsive elements (XREs) within the COX-2 promoter abrogated its ability to be induced by the high affinity AhRligand TCDD. In addition, promoter studies using a XREdependent CYP1A1 plasmid revealed CLA can inhibit PAH-induced AhR/XRE-driven genes. In both studies, the t10,c12-CLA isomer was more effective than c9,t11-CLA in inhibiting cell proliferation and AhR/XRE-dependent genes. Taken together, these data suggest that the anticancerous properties of CLA appear to be a function, at least in part, of the relative content of specific isomers and their 1) ability to elicit a p53 response that leads to the accumulation of pRb and cell growth arrest, and 2) ability to inhibit PAH-induced cyclooxygenase-2 promoter activity through an AhR-dependent mechanism.
Integrated control of Striga hermonthica using Parkia biglobosa products and mycoherbicide (Fusarium oxysporum) in maize (Zea mays L.) in the savanna.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a granular mycoherbicide (Fusarium oxysporum) formulation and Parkia (Parkia biglobosa) products under greenhouse conditions for eventual use as an integrated Striga management package under field conditions in the Nigerian Savanna. Methodology and results: Two maize varieties (Across 97 TZL and farmers’ local) and two Striga seed density (5 and 10 c.c/pot) were used in two trials. Two and three Striga control methods (with and without F. oxysporum isolated from Striga hermonthica stems (Marley et al. 1999)); seed soaking for 20 minutes before planting in Parkia products (fruit powder, seed powder) and distilled water as control were used in the first and second trials, respectively. In the two trials, the design used was a randomized complete design with three (3) replications. Generally, the number of emerged Striga was significantly higher in fields planted with the farmers’ local variety than in fields with Across 97 TZL in both trials and throughout the period of observation. The use of either F. oxysporum or Parkia products (fruit and seed powder) resulted in significantly fewer number of emerged Striga, lower Striga dry weight than their corresponding checks (No Fusarium and distilled water). The number of emerged Striga as influenced by Striga seed density (Striga infestation levels) was only significantly different at 56 days after sowing (DAS) in the first trial (evaluating Fusarium), while other periods of observation did not produce consistent results. However, in the second trial, (evaluating Parkia products), the higher Striga seed density (10c.c/pot) produced a corresponding higher number of emerged Striga plants than the lower density (5c.c/pot) throughout the period of observations, although the difference was not significant (P<0.05) Conclusions and application of findings: The results demonstrate the high potential of using mycoherbicides and Parkia based products for the control of S. hermonthica. Parkia trees abound in the Savanna and thus products can be easily and cheaply obtained. Likewise, maize grits can be used to propagate F. oxysporum quickly and cheaply by the farmers’ instead of using the more expensive potato dextrose agar. The implication of these findings is that farmers can easily adopt these practices in integrated management packages for enhanced control of the parasitic plant under field conditions.
Parameter Estimation Method of High-speed Maneuvering Target with Phase-encoded Signal

The phase-encoded signal is a Doppler-sensitive signal, which limits the use of the phase-encoded signal in radar systems. When detecting high-speed maneuvering targets, the modulation of the Doppler frequency to the intra-pulse signal causes serious distortion of the echo signal, which leads to a poor pulse compression result and affects target detection and parameter estimation. To address this problem, a high-speed target parameter estimation method is proposed. Compared with the existing algorithms, the high-order motion information of maneuvering target is employed in this paper. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.