Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study protocol for a quasi-experimental claims-based study evaluating 10-year results of the population-based integrated healthcare model ‘Gesundes Kinzigtal’ (Healthy Kinzigtal): the INTEGRAL study

Introduction Patients often experience interface problems when treated by different specialists and in different healthcare sectors. Integrated care concepts aim to reduce these problems. While most integrated healthcare models focus on individual diseases, the integrated care model ‘Gesundes Kinzigtal’ applies a population-based approach and addresses the full spectrum of morbidities for a population defined by area of residence—the Kinzigtal. A special feature of the model is the joint savings contract between the regional management company and the statutory health insurers. The INTEGRAL study aims at assessing the effectiveness of ‘Gesundes Kinzigtal’ under routine conditions in comparison to conventional care over a period of 10 years in order to understand the benefits but also the potential for (unintended) harms. Methods and analysis Database Claims data from statutory health insurance funds 2005–2015. The evaluation consists of a quasi-experimental study, with Kinzigtal as intervention region, at least 10 further regions with a similar population and healthcare infrastructure as primary controls and an additional random sample of insurees from the federal state of Baden-Württemberg as secondary controls. Model-specific and ‘non-specific’ indicators adopted from the literature and enriched by focus group interviews will be used to evaluate the model’s effectiveness and potential unintended consequences by analysing healthcare utilisation in general. Temporal trends per indicator in the intervention region will be compared with those in each control region. The overall variation in trends for the indicators across all regions provides information about the potential to modify an indicator due to local differences in the healthcare system. Ethics and dissemination Ethic Commission of the Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg (ek_mr_geraedts_131117). Results will be discussed in workshops, submitted for publication in peer-review journals and presented at conferences. Trial registration number DRKS00012804.
Impact of renal dysfunction on the management and outcome of acute heart failure: results from the French prospective, multicentre, DeFSSICA survey

Objectives Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is the combination of acute heart failure syndrome (AHF) and renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≤60 mL/min). Real-life data were used to compare the management and outcome of AHF with and without renal dysfunction. Design Prospective, multicentre. Setting Twenty-six academic, community and regional hospitals in France. Participants 507 patients with AHF were assessed in two groups according to renal function: group 1 (patients with CRS (CrCl ≤60 mL/min): n=335) and group 2 (patients with AHF with normal renal function (CrCl >60 mL/min): n=172). Results Differences were observed (group 1 vs group 2) at admission for the incidence of chronic heart failure (56.42% vs 47.67%), use of furosemide (60.9% vs 52.91%), insulin (15.52% vs 9.3%) and amiodarone (14.33% vs 4.65%); additionally, more patients in group 1 carried a defibrillator (4.78% vs 0%), had ≥2 hospitalisations in the last year (15.52% vs 5.81%) and were under the care of a cardiologist (72.24% vs 61.63%). Clinical signs were broadly similar in each group. Brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and BNP prohormone were higher in group 1 than group 2 (1157.5 vs 534 ng/L and 5120 vs 2513 ng/mL), and more patients in group 1 were positive for troponin (58.2% vs 44.19%), had cardiomegaly (51.04% vs 37.21%) and interstitial opacities (60.3% vs 47.67%). The only difference in emergency treatment was the use of nitrates, (higher in group 1 (21.9% vs 12.21%)). In-hospital mortality and the percentage of patients still hospitalised after 30 days were similar between groups, but the median stay was longer in group 1 (8 days vs 6 days). Conclusions Renal impairment in AHF should not limit the use of loop diuretics and/or vasodilators, but early assessment of pulmonary congestion and close monitoring of the efficacy of conventional therapies is encouraged to allow rapid and appropriate implementation of alternative therapies if necessary.
Complexity and Entropy Analysis of a Multi-Channel Supply Chain Considering Channel Cooperation and Service

In this paper, based on the background of channel cooperation and service of the supply chain, this paper constructs a Nash game model and a Stackeberg game model in the multi-channel supply chain considering an online-to-store channel (OSC). Based on maximizing the profits and the bounded rationality expectation rule (BRE), this paper builds a dynamic game model, respectively, and analyzes the stability of the equilibrium points by mathematical analysis and explores the influences of parameters on stability domain and entropy of the system by using bifurcation diagram, the entropy diagram, the largest Lyapunov exponent and the chaotic attractor etc. Besides, the influences of service level and profit distribution rate on system’s profit are discussed. The theoretical results show that the greater the service level and profit distribution rate are, the smaller the stability domain of the system is; the system will go into chaotic state and the system’s entropy will increase when operators adjust her/his price decision quickly; when the manufacturer or the retailer keeps service level in the appropriate value which is conducive to maximizing her/his profit; the manufacturer should carefully set the service level of OSC to ensure the system’s profit; in Nash game model, the stability of the system weakens than that in Stackelberg game model. Furthermore, this paper puts forward some suggestions to help the manufacturer and retailer in multi-channel supply chain to do the better decision.
EduGene: A UIDP-Based Educational App Generator for Multiple Devices and Platforms

ABSTRACT Education is key to a just and progressive society. It is specially provided by schools and reflects on various areas of our lives. The importance of education has led to new schemes in the development of educational applications. The goal of this research is to propose the design of an architecture for educational application development that relies on a set of user interface design patterns (UIDPs) to facilitate the laborious, time-consuming task of application development. To this end, this article presents the EduGene as the proof of concept. Applications generated with EduGene are compatible with four operating systems, Android™, Firefox® OS, macOS®, and Windows Phone®, and with the Web. Furthermore, EduGene is compatible with three types of devices: mobile (smartphones and tablets), desktop, and television. The evaluation results prove that EduGene is a user-friendly educational application generator, since it provides an intuitive interface that facilitates user interaction. The e-learning tools selected to perform EduGene’s comparative evaluation are Moodle, Sakai, and ATutor. It is important to mention that the goal of the evaluation was only to highlight the benefits of EduGene as an educational app development tool.
Realist evaluation of the role of the Universal Health Coverage Partnership in strengthening policy dialogue for health planning and financing: a protocol

Introduction In 2011, WHO, the European Union and Luxembourg entered into a collaborative agreement to support policy dialogue for health planning and financing; these were acknowledged as core areas in need of targeted support in countries’ quest towards universal health coverage (UHC). Entitled ‘Universal Health Coverage Partnership’, this intervention is intended to strengthen countries’ capacity to develop, negotiate, implement, monitor and evaluate robust and integrated national health policies oriented towards UHC. It is a complex intervention involving a multitude of actors working on a significant number of remarkably diverse activities in different countries. Methods and analysis The researchers will conduct a realist evaluation to answer the following question: How, in what contexts, and triggering what mechanisms, does the Partnership support policy dialogue for health planning and financing towards UHC? A qualitative multiple case study will be undertaken in Togo, Liberia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cape Verde, Burkina Faso and Niger. Three steps will be implemented: (1) formulating context–mechanism–outcome explanatory propositions to guide data collection, based on expert knowledge and theoretical literature; (2) collecting empirical data through semistructured interviews with key informants and observations of key events, and analysing data; (3) specifying the intervention theory. Ethics and dissemination The primary target audiences are WHO and its partner countries; international and national stakeholders involved in or supporting policy dialogues in the health sector, especially in low-income countries; and researchers with interest in UHC, policy dialogue, evaluation research and/or realist evaluation.
Atacama Field Campaign: laboratory and in-situ measurements for remote sensing applications

ABSTRACT This work presents the preliminary results of the first field calibration campaign performed in the Atacama Desert, Chile, between the 18 and 22 August 2014, called the Atacama Field Campaign (ATAFIC 2014). In situ measurements were performed in order to spectrally characterize the surface reflectance spectra between 0.3 and 2.5 µm, radiometric temperature (8.0–14.0 µm) and atmospheric measurements. A soil sample was collected and analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction techniques to characterize the surface reflectance spectra and mineralogical composition, respectively. ASTER land surface emissivity in addition to GOES, MODIS and Landsat-8 land surface temperature (LST) were also used. Results showed that the spectral features of the Atacama soil and the characteristics of this geographical zone, which is featured as the most hyper-arid and cloudless place in the world, make this area a potential target for surface reflectance characterization. Day and night LST comparison between field and remote sensing data are lower than 2 K and the Root Mean Square Error for land surface emissivity is close to 2%. This work opens the possibilities to consider the Atacama Desert as a reference target for calibration and validation activities for earth observation missions’ purposes.
Automated oxygen administration versus conventional oxygen therapy after major abdominal or thoracic surgery: study protocol for an international multicentre randomised controlled study

Introduction Hypoxemia and hyperoxia may occur after surgery with potential related complications. The FreeO2 PostOp trial is a prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled trial that evaluates the clinical impact of automated O2 administration versus conventional O2 therapy after major abdominal or thoracic surgeries. The study is powered to demonstrate benefits of automated oxygen titration and weaning in term of oxygenation, which is an important surrogate for complications after such interventions. Methods and analysis After extubation, patients are randomly assigned to the Standard (manual O2 administration) or FreeO2 group (automated closed-loop O2 administration). Stratification is performed for the study centre and a medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Primary outcome is the percentage of time spent in the target zone of oxygen saturation, during a 3-day time frame. In both groups, patients will benefit from continuous oximetry recordings. The target zone of oxygen saturation is SpO2=88%–92% for patients with COPD and 92%–96% for patients without COPD. Secondary outcomes are the nursing workload assessed by the number of manual O2 flow adjustments, the time spent with severe desaturation (SpO2 <85%) and hyperoxia area (SpO2 >98%), the time spent in a hyperoxia area (SpO2 >98%), the VO2, the duration of oxygen administration during hospitalisation, the frequency of use of mechanical ventilation (invasive or non-invasive), the duration of the postrecovery room stay, the hospitalisation length of stay and the survival rate. Ethics and dissemination The FreeO2 PostOp study is conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki and was registered on 11 September 2015 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov). First patient inclusion was performed on 14 January 2016. The results of the study will be presented at academic conferences and submitted to peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NCT02546830.
Comprehensive theory of differential kinematics and dynamics towards extensive motion optimization framework

This paper presents a novel unified theoretical framework for differential kinematics and dynamics for the optimization of complex robot motion. By introducing an 18×18 comprehensive motion transformation matrix, the forward differential kinematics and dynamics, including velocity and acceleration, can be written in a simple chain product similar to an ordinary rotational matrix. This formulation enables the analytical computation of derivatives of various physical quantities (e.g. link velocities, link accelerations, or joint torques) with respect to joint coordinates, velocities and accelerations for a robot trajectory in an efficient manner ( O ( N J ) , where N J is the number of the robot’s degree of freedom), which is useful for motion optimization. Practical implementation of gradient computation is demonstrated together with simulation results of robot motion optimization to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
DBN Structure Design Algorithm for Different Datasets Based on Information Entropy and Reconstruction Error

Deep belief networks (DBNs) of deep learning technology have been successfully used in many fields. However, the structure of a DBN is difficult to design for different datasets. Hence, a DBN structure design algorithm based on information entropy and reconstruction error is proposed. Unlike previous algorithms, we innovatively combine network depth and node number and optimizes them simultaneously. First, the mathematical model of the structural design problem is established, and the boundary constraint for node number based on information entropy is derived by introducing the idea of information compression. Moreover, the optimization objective of the network performance based on reconstruction error is proposed by deriving the fact that network energy is proportional to reconstruction error. Finally, the improved simulated annealing (ISA) algorithm is used to adjust the DBN network layers and nodes simultaneously. Experiments were carried out on three public datasets (MNIST, Cifar-10 and Cifar-100). The results show that the proposed algorithm can design its proper structure to different datasets, yielding a trained DBN which has the lowest reconstruction error and prediction error rate. The proposed algorithm is shown to have the best performance compared with other algorithms and can be used to assist the setting of DBN structural parameters for different datasets.
Increased mTORC1 activation in salivary gland B cells and T cells from patients with Sjögren’s syndrome: mTOR inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy to halt immunopathology?

### Key messages #### What is already known about this subject? #### What does this study add? #### How might this impact on clinical practice? Primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterised by lymphocytic infiltration and dysfunction of exocrine glands. The lymphocytic infiltrates in exocrine glands mainly consist of Th cells and B cells. A hallmark feature of pSS is B cell hyperactivity, including formation of autoantibodies, elevated serum IgG levels, increased numbers of B cells and IgG+/IgM+ plasma cells in salivary glands, and formation of germinal centre-like structures in the salivary glands associated with an increased risk of lymphoma development.1 2 Th cells and in particular T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play an important role in activation of B cells and formation of germinal centre-like structures.1 The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is essential for growth, survival and proliferation of T and B cells and integrates multiple signals from the immune microenvironment, including growth factors, nutrients,and T cell receptor (TCR)/B cell receptor (BCR) engagement.3 4 The serine/threonine kinase mTOR is the catalytic subunit of two distinct complexes: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), characterised by the incorporation of the proteins Raptor and Rictor, respectively. mTORC1 is generally described to play a role in protein translation, cell growth, proliferation and metabolism, whereas mTORC2 regulates metabolism, cell survival, rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and cell cycle progression (figure 1A). 4 Figure 1 Decreased mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway-related gene and protein expression in circulating B cells from patients with pSS . …
Identification of altitude profiles in 3D geovisualizations: the role of interaction and spatial abilities

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional geovisualizations are currently pushed both by technological development and by the demands of experts in various applied areas. In the presented empirical study, we compared the features of real 3D (stereoscopic) versus pseudo 3D (monoscopic) geovisualizations in static and interactive digital elevation models. We tested 39 high-school students in their ability to identify the correct terrain profile from digital elevation models. Students’ performance was recorded and further analysed with respect to their spatial abilities, which were measured by a psychological mental rotation test and think aloud protocol. The results of the study indicated that the influence of the type of 3D visualization (monoscopic/stereoscopic) on the performance of the users is not clear, the level of navigational interactivity has significant influence on the usability of a particular 3D visualization, and finally no influences of the spatial abilities on the performance of the user within the 3D environment were identified.
Ultrasound Entropy Imaging of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Association with Metabolic Syndrome

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of advanced liver diseases. Fat accumulation in the liver changes the hepatic microstructure and the corresponding statistics of ultrasound backscattered signals. Acoustic structure quantification (ASQ) is a typical model-based method for analyzing backscattered statistics. Shannon entropy, initially proposed in information theory, has been demonstrated as a more flexible solution for imaging and describing backscattered statistics without considering data distribution. NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, we investigated the association between ultrasound entropy imaging of NAFLD and MetS for comparison with that obtained from ASQ. A total of 394 participants were recruited to undergo physical examinations and blood tests to diagnose MetS. Then, abdominal ultrasound screening of the liver was performed to calculate the ultrasonographic fatty liver indicator (US-FLI) as a measure of NAFLD severity. The ASQ analysis and ultrasound entropy parametric imaging were further constructed using the raw image data to calculate the focal disturbance (FD) ratio and entropy value, respectively. Tertiles were used to split the data of the FD ratio and entropy into three groups for statistical analysis. The correlation coefficient r, probability value p, and odds ratio (OR) were calculated. With an increase in the US-FLI, the entropy value increased (r = 0.713; p < 0.0001) and the FD ratio decreased (r = –0.630; p < 0.0001). In addition, the entropy value and FD ratio correlated with metabolic indices (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for confounding factors, entropy imaging (OR = 7.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96–65.18 for the second tertile; OR = 20.47, 95% CI: 2.48–168.67 for the third tertile; p = 0.0021) still provided a more significant link to the risk of MetS than did the FD ratio obtained from ASQ (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.27–1.14 for the second tertile; OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.15–1.17 for the third tertile; p = 0.13). Thus, ultrasound entropy imaging can provide information on hepatic steatosis. In particular, ultrasound entropy imaging can describe the risk of MetS for individuals with NAFLD and is superior to the conventional ASQ technique.
Study protocol for an open-label, single-arm, multicentre phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined triplet therapy and olanzapine for prevention of carboplatin-induced nausea and vomiting in gynaecological cancer patients

Introduction Carboplatin (CBDCA) administered at a dosage of 4 mg/mL/min or more area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) is considered to be ranked as the highest chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) risk of the moderately emetogenic chemotherapy agents. The complete response (CR) rate for preventing overall CINV, defined as no emetic episodes and no use of rescue medication, for standard triplet antiemetic therapy (5-HT3RA, 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist; NK1RA, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; DEX, dexamethasone) was approximately 60% in gynaecological cancer patients receiving CBDCA-based therapy. Further improvement in antiemetic treatment is needed to optimise care. This trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using 5 mg olanzapine (OLZ) plus standard triplet antiemetic therapy for CINV after AUC ≥4 mg/mL/min CBDCA combination therapy in gynaecological cancer patients. Methods and analysis This trial is an open-label, single-arm, multicentre phase II trial. Patients who receive CBDCA (AUC ≥4)-based therapy and have never been administered moderate to high emetogenic chemotherapy will be enrolled. All patients will receive OLZ (5 mg oral administration on days 1–4, after supper) in combination with 5-HT3RA, NK1RA and DEX. The primary endpoint is the CR rate during the overall period (0–120 hours). Testing the hypothesis that this regimen can improve CR rate from 60% (null hypothesis) to 75% (alternative hypothesis) with a one-sided type I error of 0.1 and power of 0.8 will require 53 patients. Considering the dropout rate, the target sample size is set at 60. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board at each of the participating centres. Data will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number UMIN000031646.