Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ion Acoustic Waves in Weakly Relativistic Plasma—Separation of Relativistic and Electron-Temperature Effects

The choice of the expansion parameter employed in the analysis of the equations of weakly relativistic plasma affects the physical significance of the results. Traditionally, the small parameter employed in the non-relativistic and weak relativistic limits has been the order of magnitude of ( v / v 0 ), where v is the ion velocity, and v 0 is proportional to the average electron velocity. However, in the weak relativistic case, the order of magnitude of ( v / c ), where c is the speed of light is the more natural choice. The resulting KdV equation with perturbations through second order is analyzed through a Normal Form expansion. The analysis exposes physical effects in corrections beyond lowest order, which hitherto have not be identified: (1) Effect of localized soliton interaction region; (2) Long-range interactions among solitons; (3) Dispersive waves generated by soliton interactions. In addition, the analysis provides information regarding: (1) Clear distinction between non-relativistic and weak relativistic effects; (2) Clear separation between relativistic and electron-temperature effects; (3) Variation of the effective small parameter used in the series expansion of the solution as the average electron kinetic energy is increased. These qualitative features do not depend on the details of the electron-gas thermodynamic distribution.
Wild plants, mushrooms and nuts : functional food properties and applications

Resume de l'editeur : Wild Plants, Mushrooms and Nuts: Functional Properties and Food Applications is a compendium of current and novel research on the chemistry, biochemistry, nutritional and pharmaceutical value of traditional food products, namely wild mushrooms, plants and nuts, which are becoming more relevant in diets, and are especially useful for developing novel health foods and in modern natural food therapies. Topics covered will range from their nutritional value, chemical and biochemical characterization, to their multifunctional applications as food with beneficial effects on health, though their biological and pharmacological properties (antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor capacity, among others).
Analysis and Assessment of Sustainable Entrepreneurship Practices in Polish Small and Medium Enterprises

Entrepreneurship is one of the driving forces behind the development of the national economy. The effect of entrepreneurship in the economic dimension is a business entity, most often a small or medium enterprise. The SME sector plays a significant role in every national economy. Traditionally, people perceived entrepreneurship as a factor measured by the earned profit. Increasing it was the primary goal of enterprises operating on the market. The operating conditions and competitiveness level have meant that enterprises beside economic goals also pursue social and environmental goals. Entrepreneurship is perceived as a determinant of social and ecological development, thus referred to as sustainable entrepreneurship. This article aims to identify and evaluate attitudes towards sustainable entrepreneurship among Polish enterprises. We compare the obtained results with their self-assessment and distinguish different approaches to business activity. The cluster analysis of survey results shows that the Polish SME sector can be divided into five separate groups characterized by a different approach and level of implementation of sustainable development. We also concluded that the Polish enterprises are more focused on social than environmental aspects.
Fragmentation Pattern and Removal Mechanism of Concrete Subjected to Abrasive Water Jet Impact

Abrasive water jet (AWJ) breaking technology is suitable for the maintenance and repair of concrete structures, generating minimal dust, low tool wear, and no vibrations or selective destruction. The failure features and mechanisms of concrete subjected to AWJ impact are fundamental issues of AWJ breaking technology, which are also related to the safety and quality of engineering construction. Based on computed tomography (CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and image processing technology, this paper studied the fragmentation pattern and removal mechanism of concrete under AWJ impact. The general failure characteristics and crack propagation law of concrete subjected to AWJ impact were described through AWJ impact concrete tests. The spatial distribution of damage in concrete subjected to AWJ impact can be divided into the intensive action zone, the transition zone, and the weak action zone. The removal mechanism of AWJ was discussed by comparing the impact performance of a pure water jet (PWJ) system. The results indicate that abrasive particles can cause cliff-shaped fracture and lip-shaped distortion in the aggregate part and flat fracture surface in the matrix part. There is no obvious crack in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) due to the weakening of the water wedge effect.
Synthesis and characterization of highly purified nanosilica from pyrophyllite ores

A simple method based on alkaline extraction followed by acid precipitation and acid dissolution has been developed to produce highly purified nanosilica from pyrophyllite materials. The reaction parameters such as molar ratio NaOH/SiO2, reaction time and reaction temperature are varied for obtaining maximum nanosilica convertion. About 99,45% highly purified precipitated nanosilica measure with ICP, 259 m2/gr measure with BET surface area, 97% whiteness and 3 ml/gr oil absorbtion from pyrophyllite materials has been achieved in closed system at 150°C within 180 min. The physicals and chemical properties (such as X-Ray Diffraction from PANalytical, X-Ray Fluorescence Minipal4 from PANanalytical, BET surface area, Forier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy from Hitachi, and SEM-EDS Inspect-S50 from FEI Company) of the highly purity nanosilica were studied.
On the methanol emission detection in the TW Hya disc: the role of grain surface chemistry and non-LTE excitation

The recent detection of gas-phase methanol (CH$_3$OH) lines in the disc of TW Hya by Walsh et al. provided the first observational constraints on the complex O-bearing organic content in protoplanetary discs. The emission has a ring-like morphology, with a peak at $\sim 30-50$ au and an inferred column density of $\sim 3-6\times10^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$. A low CH$_3$OH fractional abundance of $\sim 0.3-4\times 10^{-11}$ (with respect to H$_2$) is derived, depending on the assumed vertical location of the CH$_3$OH molecular layer. In this study, we use a thermo-chemical model of the TW Hya disc, coupled with the ALCHEMIC gas-grain chemical model, assuming laboratory-motivated, fast diffusivities of the surface molecules to interpret the CH$_3$OH detection. Based on this disc model, we performed radiative transfer calculations with the LIME code and simulations of the observations with the CASA simulator. We found that our model allows to reproduce the observations well. The CH$_3$OH emission in our model appears as a ring with radius of $\sim60$ au. Synthetic and observed line flux densities are equal within the rms noise level of observations. The synthetic CH$_3$OH spectra calculated assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) can differ by up to a factor of 3.5 from the non-LTE spectra. For the strongest lines, the differences between LTE and non-LTE flux densities are very small and practically negligible. Variations in the diffusivity of the surface molecules can lead to variations of the CH$_3$OH abundance and, therefore, line flux densities by an order of magnitude.
Are two plates better than one? A systematic review of dual plating for acute midshaft clavicle fractures

Background The rate of operative fixation of acute midshaft clavicle fractures has exponentially increased in recent years; however, the rate of reoperation for symptomatic hardware removal remains high and the optimal fixation strategy unknown. This systematic review aimed to summarize available evidence for dual plating of acute displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Methods EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed searches identified clinical studies evaluating dual plate fixation of acute midshaft clavicle fractures. Pooled analysis was performed using a random-effects model in RevMan 5.3. Results Eleven studies including 672 patients were included. Hardware removal occurred in 4.4% and 12.3% of patients undergoing dual and single plate fixation, respectively. Compared to single plating, dual plating had significantly lower odds of hardware removal (P = 0.001) with no difference in union rates. There were no significant differences in reoperation (excluding hardware removal), complications, and patient-reported outcomes between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that dual plating of acute displaced midshaft clavicle fractures may lead to lower rates of reoperation for symptomatic hardware removal without compromising fracture healing. Ultimately, well-designed randomized trials are needed to further investigate the findings from this systematic review.
Autonomous detection of damage to multiple steel surfaces from 360° panoramas using deep neural networks

Structural health assessments are essential for infrastructure. By using an autonomous panorama vision‐based inspection system, the limitations of the human cost and safety factors of previously time‐consuming tasks have been overcome. The main damage detection challenges to panorama images are (1) the lack of annotated panorama defect image data, (2) detection in high‐resolution images, and (3) the inherent distortion disturbance for panorama images. In this paper, a new PAnoramic surface damage DEtection Network (PADENet) is presented to solve the challenges by (a) using an unmanned aerial vehicle to capture panoramic images and a distorted panoramic augmentation method to expand the panoramic dataset, (b) employing the proposed multiple projection methods to process high‐resolution images, and (c) modifying the faster region‐based convolutional neural network and training via transfer learning on VGG‐16, which improves the precision for detecting multiple types of damage in distortion. The results show that the proposed method is optimal for surface damage detection.
Vocal Synchrony of Robots Boosts Positive Affective Empathy

Robots that can talk with humans play increasingly important roles in society. However, current conversation robots remain unskilled at eliciting empathic feelings in humans. To address this problem, we used a robot that speaks in a voice synchronized with human vocal prosody. We conducted an experiment in which human participants held positive conversations with the robot by reading scenarios under conditions with and without vocal synchronization. We assessed seven subjective responses related to affective empathy (e.g., emotional connection) and measured the physiological emotional responses using facial electromyography from the corrugator supercilii and zygomatic major muscles as well as the skin conductance level. The subjective ratings consistently revealed heightened empathic responses to the robot in the synchronization condition compared with that under the de-synchronizing condition. The physiological signals showed that more positive and stronger emotional arousal responses to the robot with synchronization. These findings suggest that robots that are able to vocally synchronize with humans can elicit empathic emotional responses.
Ephrin‐A3 is required for tonotopic map precision and auditory functions in the mouse auditory brainstem

Tonotopy is a prominent feature of the vertebrate auditory system and forms the basis for sound discrimination, but the molecular mechanism that underlies its formation remains largely elusive. Ephrin/Eph signaling is known to play important roles in axon guidance during topographic mapping in other sensory systems, so we investigated its possible role in the establishment of tonotopy in the mouse cochlear nucleus. We found that ephrin‐A3 molecules are differentially expressed along the tonotopic axis in the cochlear nucleus during innervation. Ephrin‐A3 forward signaling is sufficient to repel auditory nerve fibers in a developmental stage‐dependent manner. In mice lacking ephrin‐A3, the tonotopic map is degraded and isofrequency bands of neuronal activation upon pure tone exposure become imprecise in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. Ephrin‐A3 mutant mice also exhibit a delayed second wave in auditory brainstem responses upon sound stimuli and impaired detection of sound frequency changes. Our findings establish an essential role for ephrin‐A3 in forming precise tonotopy in the auditory brainstem to ensure accurate sound discrimination.
An Explanation of Personality Change in Organizational Science: Personality as an Outcome of Workplace Stress

Organizational scholarship has recently begun to treat personality as malleable in workplace settings and has called for personality change to be incorporated into current research. The lack of a comprehensive, theoretical model of organizational personality change is a critical impediment to this research. We integrate recent advances in biological and epigenetic fields with the cognitive appraisal, personality, and stress literatures to introduce a comprehensive model of short- and long-term organizational personality change. This model explains when, how, and why appraisal of workplace stress alters employee personality through three important neurochemical systems and the mechanisms through which changes in these systems differentially impact dimensions of the Five Factor personality framework. By examining epigenetic changes affecting neurochemical systems, we explain how appraisal of chronic workplace stress can lead to long-term changes in various personality traits—a relationship with substantial implications for both practice and research. This model further provides a roadmap to understand how short- and long-term employee personality change influences workplace outcomes at the individual, team, and organizational levels and how interventions at these levels can mitigate or reverse deleterious effects of workplace stressors on employee personality change. We outline the processes necessary for organizational scholars to test the propositions described here and more robustly incorporate personality change into organizational scholarship.
Research on Transient Power Quality of Large-capacity Electric Arc Furnace

The overrun of transient power quality index caused by the large-capacity electric arc furnace (EAF) has become a prominent problem affecting the safe and stable operation of the power system. (1) In this paper, the relationship between arc furnace voltage and current is derived based on the different stages of arc combustion, and the random variation of chaotic phenomenon of the arc voltage are simulated. Established an EAF model suitable for the study of transient power quality problems. (2) Take 50t AC EAF as an example to analyze the reactive power impact and the influence on the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage caused by the three-phase short circuit of the electrode. The results show that the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the model. (3) When the three-phase short-circuit occurs, the reactive power impact is nearly 6 times that of normal operation, the short-circuit current is 2.66 times that of normal operation, and the effective value of the PCC voltage has dropped by 40.37%, which provides a theoretical basis for real-time compensation of impulsive reactive power and improvement of the transient power quality of the EAF.
Insight into the Underlying Synergy between Exo–Lytic Cellulases

Lignocellulosic biomass can be converted into biofuels and biochemicals, through a synergetic degradation by cellulases. The underlying cooperative mechanism is of paramount importance for the development of efficient enzyme cocktails. The synergy between exo–lytic cellulases, however, still remains poorly understood. In the present contribution, we decipher the synergism by investigation of the enzyme–enzyme interactions (EEIs) between two exo–lytic cellulases––Talaromyces emersonii Cel7A (TeCel7A) and Trichoderma reesei Cel6A (TrCel6A), and between TeCel7A and other main components in the cocktails, and propose a novel synergistic way. The enzymes are found to be apt to bind around the eight substrate–enclosing loops (SELs) of TeCel7A, of which the TrCel6A possesses the strongest binding energy with TeCel7A. The combination between TeCel7A and TrCel6A is further investigated experimentally by Microscale Thermophoresis, confirming the existence of their interactions. Due to the EEIs, the flexibility of the SELs, which mediate dissociation of TeCel7A from cellulose, is increased. We further found that the improved flexibility of loop B3 is pivotal to accelerate dethreading process, helping improving enzymatic hydrolytic efficiency. In view of our theoretical and experimental results here and previous experimental phenomena, the carbohydrate binding modules of the exo–lytic enzymes, which enable them to absorb on the same plane of the substrate, are conjectured to enhance the degree of the EEIs. This work brings to light an underlying synergy between exo–lytic cellulases, and is conducive to a systematic understanding of the synergetic actions in cellulase cocktails.
A retrospective study to determine correlation of physical activity with natural labor

High rates of caesarean are of utmost concern as they expose the mother and child to short-term and long-term health risks and have a direct impact on financial burden of the families and health systems. The rate of caesarean in India has increased from 8.5% in 2005–06 to 17.2% in 2015–16. Physical activity in general, can be defined as any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles.
Culture of Primary Human Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells

This protocol is intended for culture of primary human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (pHBEC) obtained by brush biopsy during clinical bronchoscopy, or purchased commercially, using Lonza-based medium.Note: This is a historical protocol. At the time of publication, this protocol has been superseded by a different version in the McCullough lab; however, it is being published to support the transparency and reproducibility of other studies by which it is referenced.Disclaimer: The information presented here has been reviewed and approved for publication by the US Environmental Protection Agency do not necessarily represent Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use.
Organic Biogeochemistry in West Mata, NE Lau Hydrothermal Vent Fields

The impact of submarine hydrothermal systems on organic carbon in the ocean—one of the largest fixed carbon reservoirs on Earth—could be profound. Yet, different vent sites show diverse fluid chemical compositions and the subsequent biological responses. Observations from various vent sites are to evaluate hydrothermal systems' impact on the ocean carbon cycle. A response cruise in May 2009 to an on‐going submarine eruption at West Mata Volcano, northeast Lau Basin, provided an opportunity to quantify the organic matter production in a back‐arc spreading hydrothermal system. Hydrothermal vent fluids contained elevated dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon (POC), and particulate nitrogen (PN) relative to background seawater. The δ13C‐POC values for suspended particles in the diffuse vent fluids (−15.5‰ and −12.3‰) are distinct from those in background seawater (−23 ± 1‰), indicative of unique carbon synthesis pathways of the vent microbes from the seawater counterparts. The first dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations reported for diffuse vents were similar to or higher than those for background seawater. Enhanced nitrogen fixation and denitrification removed 37%–89% of the total dissolved nitrogen in the recharging background seawater in the hydrothermal vent flow paths. The hydrothermal plume samples were enriched in POC and PN, indicating enhanced biological production. The total “dark” organic carbon production within the plume matches the thermodynamic prediction based on available reducing chemical substances supplied to the plume. This research combines the measured organic carbon contents with thermodynamic modeled results and demonstrates the importance of hydrothermal activities on the water column carbon production in the deep ocean.
Coupled effects of environment, space and ecological engineering on seafloor beta‐diversity

966 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– © 2021 The Authors. Ecography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Subject Editor: Malin Pinsky Editor-in-Chief: Jens-Christian Svenning Accepted 31 January 2021 44: 966–974, 2021 doi: 10.1111/ecog.05440 44 966–974
Thematic quality assessment of land surface geospatial data based on confusion matrices: A matrix set for research on measures and procedures

The confusion matrix has long been adopted as the ‘de facto’ and ‘de jure’ standard method of reporting on the thematic accuracy assessment of any land surface geospatial dataset. This type of data supports decision‐making in many different fields, so suitable quality is therefore essential in order to take the best decisions. Nevertheless, the creation and exploitation of the confusion matrix remains as an open topic with issues related to sampling design, quantitative indices derived from the matrix, statistical hypotheses that could be applied, etc. In connection with the latter, a confusion matrix dataset would be useful for a researcher in this matter. We have developed such a dataset retrieving confusion matrices from the literature, mainly research articles published in scientific journals included in WoS. We have collected almost 200 matrices in a database. This allows us to access the complete matrices and query different interesting properties of them and of the project where they were developed such as matrix size, sample size, location, year of data capture, labels of the classes, quality indices used, and extension and location of the project (where available).
Technical Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations under Different Solar Irradiation Conditions in Vietnam

At present, the electric vehicle (EV) market is developing strongly and widely across many countries around the world. Increasing clean energy infrastructure for EVs is a possible solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help improve air quality in urban areas. Electric vehicles charged by electricity from photovoltaic (PV) systems can produce less emissions than conventional EVs charged by the utility grid. Thus, the combination of solar power and EV charging stations is one of the possible methods to achieve sustainable development in the current EV market. EVs in cities in Vietnam have developed very quickly in recent times, but the charging station infrastructure is still very limited, and most existing charging stations use electricity from the utility grid. In this paper, the optimal configuration of PV-powered EV charging stations is analyzed technically and economically under different solar irradiation conditions in Vietnam. The study results show that the optimal configuration and investment efficiency of PV-powered EV charging stations in each urban area are greatly affected by the solar irradiation value and feed-in tariff (FIT) price of rooftop solar power. In Vietnam, a region with high solar irradiation, such as Ho Chi Minh, is more likely to invest in PV-powered EV charging stations than other areas with lower solar irradiation, such as Hanoi.