Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Passive Emitter Tracking in Sensor Networks

Many applications require fast and accurate localization and tracking of non-cooperative emitters. In many cases, it is advantageous not to conceal the observation process by using active sensors, but to work covertly with passive sensors. The estimation of the emitter state is based on various types of passive measurements by exploiting signals emitted by the targets. In other applications there is no choice but to exploit received signals only. Typical examples include search and rescue type operations. Some passive measurements can be taken by single sensors: e.g. bearing measurements (AOA: Angle of Arrival) and frequency measurements (FOA: Frequency of Arrival). The emitter state can be estimated based on a set of measurements of a single passive observer. This problem is called the Target Motion Analysis (TMA) problem which means the process of estimating the state of a radiating target from noisy incomplete measurements collected by one or more passive observer(s). The TMA problem includes localization of stationary as well as tracking of moving emitters. The TMA problem based on a combination of AOA and FOA measurements is considered by Becker in (Becker, 2001). Becker investigates and discusses the TMA problem with many characteristic features such as observability conditions, combination of various types of measurements, etc., (Becker, 1999; 2005) . Alternatively, measurements can be obtained from a network of several spatially dislocated sensors. Here, a minimum of two sensors is often needed. Measurements of Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) belong to this group. TDOAmeasurements are obtained in the followingway: several distributed, time-synchronized sensors measure the Time of Arrival (TOA) of signals transmitted from the emitter. The difference between two TOA measurements of the same signal gives one TDOA measurement. Alternatively, TDOA measurements can be obtained by correlating signals received by the sensors. A time standard can be used for time synchronization. 13
Magnetization transfer ratio ( MTR ) imaging in the presence of fat

Figure 3. Results of volunteer CSE MTR experiments. MTR plot was taken from a liver ROI with 12% fat fraction. Note varying MTR values vs. echo time, and their underestimation compared to CSE MTR. Figure 2. Top: MTRs from fat+agar phantoms at different echo times. Bottom left: MTR from CSE-separated MTon and MToff images. Bottom right: Location of phantoms with different fat fractions. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) imaging in the presence of fat James H Holmes, Kevin M Johnson, Diego Hernando, Scott B Reeder, and Alexey Samsonov Global MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, United States, Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
Negotiating the symbolic power of ICT : The spread of Internet-supported distance education

The Internet may be, as typically suggested, important in distance education for facilitating connections between groups of students, educational institutions and external learning resources. This paper, however, reveals why this is not the only reason for applying ICT in higher education in a remote area in a developing country. In addition, the Internet seems to be of great importance in symbolising modernisation and progress, thereby adding symbolic power to such education. Empirical sources originate from an explorative case study of an Internetsupported distance education programme in the province of Bangka Belitung in Indonesia. Based on a translation perspective on the spread of pheromones, the analyses of empirical sources show how the Internet has contributed to the spread of distance education, but paradoxically this has not had much effect on the use of Internet by students in peripheral areas, at least not in the short term. Theoretically, the paper supports research which claims that the symbolical/political perspective on the uses of technology is of special importance during the implementation process of a project. Moreover, it adds to existing research by showing how the symbolical emphasis may have functional outcomes as a target, and not only as rhetorical argument.
Bayesian approaches to joint longitudinal and survival models accommodating both zero and nonzero cure fractions

The trade-offs between survival benefits and therapeutic adverse effects on quality of life (QOL) is always an important clinical issue for cancer and AIDS patients. The International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) conducted a large clinical trial, IBCSG Trial VI, to examine the duration and timing of adjuvant ther- apy for advanced breast cancer patients after the initial removal surgery. We present a novel joint model for longitudinal and survival data to evaluate the relationship between QOL and breast cancer progression, and also assess issues associated with different therapeutic procedures and baseline covariates. Multidimensional longi- tudinal QOL measurements are modeled in a hierarchical mixed effects model to account for psychological fluctuations and measurement errors, provide estimates for time points where QOL data are not available, and to explicitly allow for direct inferences about different dependence structures in the QOL data over time and over different QOL measures (indicators). A parametric survival model is also pro- posed for disease-free survival (DFS) to incorporate the underlying smooth QOL trajectories and prognostic factors. This survival model is attractive and capable of accommodating both zero and nonzero cure fractions. With advances in modern medicine, a positive cure fraction is often tenable for breast cancer patients since many are completely cured after surgery, and are no longer susceptible to relapse. A Bayesian paradigm is adopted to facilitate the estimation process and ease the computational complexity.
Bootstrapping one-loop QCD amplitudes with general helicities

The recently developed on-shell bootstrap for computing one-loop amplitudes in non-supersymmetric theories such as QCD combines the unitarity method with loop-level on-shell recursion. For generic helicity configurations, the recursion relations may involve undetermined contributions from non-standard complex singularities or from large values of the shift parameter. Here we develop a strategy for sidestepping difficulties through use of pairs of recursion relations. To illustrate the strategy, we present sets of recursion relations needed for obtaining n-gluon amplitudes in QCD. We give a recursive solution for the one-loop n-gluon QCD amplitudes with three or four color-adjacent gluons of negative helicity and the remaining ones of positive helicity. We provide an explicit analytic formula for the QCD amplitude A{sub 6;1}(1{sup -}, 2{sup -}, 3{sup -}, 4{sup +}, 5{sup +}, 6{sup +}), as well as numerical results for A{sub 7;1}(1{sup -}, 2{sup -}, 3{sup -}, 4{sup +}, 5{sup +}, 6{sup +}, 7{sup +}), A{sub 8;1}(1{sup -}, 2{sup -}, 3{sup -}, 4{sup +}, 5{sup +}, 6{sup +}, 7{sup +}, 8{sup +}), and A{sub 8;1}(1{sup -}, 2{sup -}, 3{sup -}, 4{sup -}, 5{sup +}, 6{sup +}, 7{sup +}, 8{sup +}). We expect the on-shell bootstrap approach to have widespread applications to phenomenological studies at colliders.
Predictive Factors for Vitamin D Concentrations in Swiss Athletes: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Vitamin D concentrations corresponding to 75 nmol/L 25(OH)D have been associated with maintained muscle function, growth and regeneration, optimal bone health and immunology in athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations in athletes. Six hundred three Swiss athletes were assessed. 25(OH)D was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A standardized questionnaire was used to gather information about potential predictors for 25(OH)D concentrations; 50.5% showed insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations. Differences in predicted probability of insufficient 25(OH)D were found for those vitamin D supplemented (42%) versus not supplemented (52%), in those performing indoor (58%) versus outdoor sports (43%), and during the sun-deprived seasons of fall (49%), winter (70%) and spring (57%) compared with summer (17%). Higher BMI z-scores and age were associated with higher 25(OH)D concentrations. In conclusion, insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations were common among athletes especially at a younger age, among those not supplemented, in athletes who trained indoors, and during the sun-deprived seasons. Because the prevalence of insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations in this study was high, regular supplementation in athletes may be indicated, except perhaps during the summer season. Further research is needed to determine which 25(OH)D concentrations lead to optimal health and performance in athletes.
Jackson M, Fitzgerald J. Resilience Profiling in the Model-Based Design of Cyber-Physical Systems. In: 14th Overture Workshop: Towards Analytical Tool

We consider the potential to use co-modelling and co-simulation in the design of dependably resilient Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). Resilience is widely discussed in the public discourse on CPSs, but has many definitions. We propose the description of system resilience in terms of a multi-attribute profile which may be used as a basis for assessment and trade-off analysis in CPSs. Our profile has a particular focus on description of system recovery behaviour. As a first evaluation of the concept, we present a case study based on a VDM and 20-sim co-model of a small smart grid illustrating causal chains that cross the cyber-physical boundary. An evaluation of the study leads to suggestions for further proof-of-concept studies that experiment with increasingly challenging CPS architectures.
Congruence between the sexes in preexisting receiver responses

Preexisting receiver biases have been shown to affect how females detect and respond to new conspecific traits in a mate choice context. Although preexisting biases have often been discussed in the context of female mate choice, these biases need not be sex limited. In the genus Xiphophorus, swordtail males possess a sexually selected trait, the sword. Here I consider evidence that the state of a bias favoring sworded conspecifics may be generally shared by the sexes in taxa in which the sword has not arisen. In three unsworded species of poeciliid fishes, both males and females prefer members of the other sex with swords. In a fourth species, males and females share the absence of a response to a sword. This congruity between the sexes suggests that response biases may not be sex limited and that the sexes could historically share common mechanisms producing shared mating responses. Alternatively, selection may tend to result in parallel changes in biases in the sexes. This work expands our understanding of receiver biases by using a phylogenetic approach to examine whether biases are historically shared by the sexes and suggests that there can be general congruence between the sexes in such biases. Copyright 2002.
RNA Interference for Tumor Therapy

The most recent investigation from the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO/IARC) indicates that the incidence of malignant tumors is rising throughout the world. In 2008, 7.6 million people died of malignant tumors and 64% of them occurred in developing countries(Jemal et al, 2011). Particularly, the status on the treatment of tumors is extremely harsh in China since both incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in China is drastically rising in the past two decades (Zhang et al, 2008). It is expected that this increasing tendency will continue in China in the next two decades(Xv&Dong,2003). There is no doubt that tumor therapy will be for long term a hot topic in the field of life and medicine in the feature.
Fast Iterative Shrinkage for Signal Declipping and Dequantization

We address the problem of recovering a sparse signal from clipped or quantized measurements. We show how these two problems can be formulated as minimizing the distance to a convex feasibility set, which provides a convex and differentiable cost function. We then propose a fast iterative shrinkage/thresholding algorithm that minimizes the proposed cost, which provides a fast and efficient algorithm to recover sparse signals from clipped and quantized measurements.
Detecting Code-Switching between Turkish-English Language Pair

Code-switching (usage of different languages within a single conversation context in an alternative manner) is a highly increasing phenomenon in social media and colloquial usage which poses different challenges for natural language processing. This paper introduces the first study for the detection of Turkish-English code-switching and also a small test data collected from social media in order to smooth the way for further studies. The proposed system using character level n-grams and conditional random fields (CRFs) obtains 95.6% micro-averaged F1-score on the introduced test data set.
EURANDOM PREPRINT SERIES 2016-014 November 16, 2016 Metastability on the Hierarchical Lattice

We study metastability for Glauber spin-flip dynamics on the N -dimensional hierarchical lattice with n hierarchical levels. Each vertex carries an Ising spin that can take the values −1 or +1. Spins interact with an external magnetic field h > 0. Pairs of spins interact with each other according to a ferromagnetic pair potential ~ J = {Ji}i=1, where Ji > 0 is the strength of the interaction between spins at hierarchical distance i. Spins flip according to a Metropolis dynamics at inverse temperature β. In the limit as β →∞, we analyse the crossover time from the metastable state (all spins −1) to the stable state (all spins +1). Under the assumption that ~ J is non-increasing, we identify the mean transition time up to a multiplicative factor 1 + oβ(1). On the scale of its mean, the transition time is exponentially distributed. We also identify the set of configurations representing the gate for the transition. For the special case where Ji = J̃/N i, 1 ≤ i ≤ n, with J̃ > 0 the relevant formulas simplify considerably. Also the hierarchical mean-field limit N →∞ can be analysed in detail.
Performance Modeling of MAC and Multipath Routing Interactions in Multi-hop Wireless Networks

For multi-hop wireless networks, the performance experienced by each node is a complex function of the following factors: 1). the signals used at the physical layer; 2). the radio topology of the network; 3). the transmission scheduling established at the MAC layer, 4). the route selection results of the network layer. The input of any above component is partially decided by the output of the other components, e.g. 1). transmission scheduling: radio topology decideswhether links interferewith others, and route selection decides which links will be used for transmissions; 2). route selection: the radio topology of the network influences the route selection results directly; since routing control packets are transmitted as the data packets at the MAC layer, the transmission scheduling decides how the routing information is propagated throughout the network, etc. Hence, analyzing the performance of protocol stacks in a wireless network must consider the interactions between the different layers. In fact, a cross-layer perspective to both performance analysis and protocol design brought to attention with recent advances in wireless networks. It is critical for us to treat the entire protocol stack as a single algorithmic construct in order to improve the performance, and in general, it is not meaningful to speak about a MAC or a routing protocol in isolation. This chapter introduces a modeling framework for the characterization of the performance attained with a MAC protocol working together with different packet forwarding disciplines on top of a realistic physical layer. We also analyzed how different packet forwarding disciplines interact with different channel access schemes to influence the system performance.
Well Log Interpretation Model for the Determination of Lithology and Fluid Contents.

The detection of hydrocarbon content from geophysical data has always been an important practical issue in the interpretation of geophysical oil prospecting data. This paper reviews the literature on well log lithology and neuroncomputing technology. An Unsupervised Self Organizing Map (SOM) of neural networks for the determination of oil well lithology and fluid contents is proposed. Fuzzy inference rules derived from known characteristics of well logs were proposed and used in the interpretation of the clusters generated by the SOM neural networks. The process was tested with the log data obtained from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The results obtained were interpreted and presented.
University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Sources of Airborne Endotoxins in Ambient Air and Exposure of Nearby Communities — A Review Journal Item

Endotoxin is a bioaerosol component that is known to cause respiratory effects in exposed populations. To date, most research focused on occupational exposure, whilst much less is known about the impact of emissions from industrial operations on downwind endotoxin concentrations. A review of the literature was undertaken, identifying studies that reported endotoxin concentrations in both ambient environments and around sources with high endotoxin emissions. Ambient endotoxin concentrations in both rural and urban areas are generally below 10 endotoxin units (EU) m−3; however, around significant sources such as compost facilities, farms, and wastewater treatment plants, endotoxin concentrations regularly exceeded 100 EU m−3. However, this is affected by a range of factors including sampling approach, equipment, and duration. Reported downwind measurements of endotoxin demonstrate that endotoxin concentrations can remain above upwind concentrations. The evaluation of reported data is complicated due to a wide range of different parameters including sampling approaches, temperature, and site activity, demonstrating the need for a standardised methodology and improved guidance. Thorough characterisation of ambient endotoxin levels and modelling of endotoxin from pollution sources is needed to help inform future policy and support a robust health-based risk assessment process.
GCC Monetary Union and the Degree of Macroeconomic Policy Coordination

Coordinating macroeconomic policies is a pre-requisite to a successful launch of the common currency in the GCC countries. Relying on the Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate approach as a theoretical framework, we apply the Pooled Mean Group methodology to determine the similarity of the impact of a selected set of macroeconomic indicators on the real exchange rate in each country. Our empirical evidence points to a clear coordination of monetary policy, fiscal policy, government consumption, and openness across the member countries. While RER misalignments also show a substantial convergence building over time, differences in the misalignments of the two polar cases remain rather substantial, calling for further coordination and policy harmonization.
Effect of Diabetes on Myocardial Infarct and No Reflow Size in an Experimental Rat Model and Clinical Trial

Background: We determined the effect of diabetes on no reflow and myocardial infarct sizes in both an experimental rat model of diabetes and a contemporary trial of subjects with STEMI. Methods: Adult Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n=15 each group) were subjected to left coronary artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 3 h of reperfusion. In the clinical trial, the myocardial infarct (MI) size and the zone of microvascular obstruction were assessed in 258 non-diabetic MI patient and 34 diabetic MI patients. Results: There was no difference in infarct size (median) in ZDF rats (49.9%) versus SD rats (59.6%; p=0.32); there was no difference in no-reflow size (mean ± SEM) in ZDF rats (32.5 ± 3.5%) versus SD rats (32.7 ± 4.3%; p=0.97). In the clinical study, CK-MB and Troponin I area under the curve at 72 h were comparable between the 2 groups. Infarct size by MRI on day 4 was 37.9 ± 1.8 ml in 216 non-diabetic patients and 34.8 ± 4.7 ml in 27 diabetic patients (p=0.559). The ratio of micro vascular obstruction on day 4 on the MRI was 0.179 ± 0.018 of the left ventricle in 200 non-diabetic patients and 0.220 ± 0.060 of the left ventricle in 23 diabetic patients. Conclusions: Both animal and clinical studies demonstrated no evidence for a larger infarct size, or larger area of no reflow in the diabetic compared to non-diabetic conditions.
Ground-based observations for the validation of contrails and cirrus detection in satellite imagery

Contrails and additional cirrus clouds caused by air traffic have a potential warming effect due to their op- tical properties and their location in the upper troposphere. The effect of contrails is directly related to their coverage and optical properties, which both can be derived from satel- lite observations. However, considerable local and global uncertainties remain, as detection limits and efficiency are still unknown. A six months time series of the occurrence of high-level clouds and contrails was analysed visually us- ing an all-sky camera situated at Oberpfaffenhofen (Southern Germany). It shows a contrail occurrence of 21% (fraction of time with visible contrails during one hour) which is nearly constant over daytime and a cirrus occurrence that increases from 27% in the morning to 48% in the evening, suggesting a possible influence of air traffic or, more probably, convec- tive cloud formation. Furthermore, we compared selected all-sky camera images with data of the satellite instruments NOAA/AVHRR and MSG/SEVIRI. As expected, the frac- tion of contrails visible and detectable in satellite images de- pends strongly on their width. Of the contrails observed with the all-sky camera of 1-5 km width 60-65% are visually de- tectable in AVHRR data while only 17% are identified by an automated contrail detection algorithm (CDA). This means that the automated CDA detects approx. 28% of the con- trails which are identified by visual inspection in AVHRR data alone. As far as SEVIRI is concerned, visual inspec- tion yields 48% of the contrails of 1-5 km width, the CDA 19%. That means 40% of all contrails visually identifiable in SEVIRI data are found by the automated algorithm. As far as cirrus detection using SEVIRI data is concerned, an auto-
Stick-slip dynamics and recent insights into shear banding in metallic glasses

Despite extensive research, the understanding of the fundamental processes governing yielding and plastic flow in metallic glasses remains poor. This is due to experimental difficulties in capturing plastic flow as a result of a strong localization in space and time by the formation of shear bands at low homologous temperatures. Unveiling the mechanism of shear banding is hence key to developing a deeper understanding of plastic deformation in metallic glasses. We will compile recent progress in studying the dynamics of shear-band propagation from serrated flow curves. We will also take a perspective gleaned from stick-slip theory and show how the insights gained can be deployed to explain fundamental questions concerning the origin, mechanism, and characteristics of flow localization in metallic glasses.