Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Establishment of a Novel Deliverability Equation of Abnormal Pressure Gas Reservoirs Considering a Variable Threshold Pressure Drop

In abnormal pressure gas reservoirs, a traditional binomial deliverability equation is insufficient to accurately describe the gas filtration theory, but only the trinomial deliverability equation considering non-Darcy flow effect and ripple effect can be reasonable to some extent. When gas reservoirs are characterized by low porosity and permeability, strong heterogeneity, and high water saturation, gas flow, similar to liquid flow, is featured in significant threshold pressure gradient effect. Therefore, a threshold pressure gradient is added to the trinomial deliverability equation, and it is derived that the pressure drop caused by the pressure gradient is a variable related to production but not a constant. Consequently, a novel deliverability equation of abnormal pressure gas reservoirs considering variable threshold pressure drop has been established, providing theoretical guidance for determining reasonable gas production in abnormal pressure gas reservoirs.
EFFECT OF EXTRACTANT STRUCTURE ON THIRD PHASE FORMATION IN THE EXTRACTION OF URANIUM AND NITRIC ACID BY N,N-DIALKYL AMIDES

The influence of the molecular structure of amides on the third phase formation in the extraction of uranium and nitric acid was investigated. Nine amides namely, dibutyl hexanamide (DBHA), diisobutyl hexanamide (DiBHA), dibutyl octanamide (DBOA), dihexyl hexanamide (DHHA), dibutyl dodecanamide (DBDA), diiso-octyl butanamide (DiOBA), di n-octyl isobutanamide (DOiBA), di n-octyl butanamide (DOBA), and di n-octyl hexanamide (DOHA) were synthesized and used. The limiting organic concentration (LOC) of uranium (VI) for third phase formation was studied as a function of nitric acid concentration using 0.5 M solutions of these amides in dodecane. The LOC for extraction from neutral medium (with near zero free acidity) was also measured at four different temperatures. The LOC values were found to increase in general with an increase in the total number of carbon atoms in the amide from 14 to 22. The LOC values of DBHA (C. No. 14), DiBHA (C. No. 14), DBOA (C. No. 16) were lower compared to that of DHHA (C. No. 18), DBDA (C. No. 20), DOHA (C. No. 22), which have relatively longer carbon chain length. Further it was observed that introduction of branching at the nitrogen side increases the LOC value as compared to the straight chain analogue, as in the case of DiOBA and DiBHA. In the latter case, however, this effect is not very pronounced perhaps due to the smaller carbon chain length. Introduction of branching at the position alpha to the carbonyl group was found to sharply decrease the LOC value due to steric hindrance as can be seen in the case of DOBA and DOiBA. Further, by varying the carbon chain length on both acyl and nitrogen sides, keeping the total carbon number invariant, it was found that the LOC increases considerably on increasing the chain length on the acyl side. On the contrary, the LOC for nitric acid extraction was not influenced significantly by the structure of the amide. Nevertheless, the distribution ratio at the point of dissolution of the third phase was found to decrease with introduction of branching on either end of the amide and more so, if branching was introduced on the acyl end of the amide.
Measurement of gibbsian surface excess

The Gibbsian Surface Excesses (GSE) are the true experimental variables for measurement of equilibria and kinetics for pure and multicomponent gas-solid adsorption. The gravimetric and volumetric methods, which are the most commonly used experimental procedures, are revisited. The common practice of ignoring helium adsorption during measurement of adsorbent density by helium pycnometry and measurement of void volumes in adsorption apparatus by helium expansion can lead to large errors in estimating GSE at high pressures and for less selectivity adsorbed components of a gas mixture. Methods to overcome these problems are described.
ISOTOPE HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION FOR MODELING OF RUNOFF MECHANISMS OF ATMOSPHERICALLY DERIVED CHEMICAL AND RADIOACTIVE POLLUTANTS

In a tributary watershed of the Kuji River of Japan, the hydrological components of runoff associated with a precipitation event were investigated using isotope tracers of hydrogen (2H) and oxygen (18O) in precipitations and stream water. The runoff was separated into “old water” (pre-existing in the ground before the precipitation event) and “new water”(from the precipitation). It was found that the discharge of several hazardous trace elements (Sb, Cu, Cr) was largely (24-54%) attributable to that of the new water in spite of its small contribution to the total water discharge. These investigations suggest that the new water may play an important role in the migration of atmospherically derived, hazardous trace elements to streams during precipitation events. The present findings will contribute to current necessity of assessment of a risk of long-term exposure to pollutants at low concentrations by providing information on their transport among different environmental media.
Kinetics Transformation of Anatase to Rutile Phase for Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

Simple sol-gel route was used to synthesis the TiO2 nanoparticles and examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The small particle size and uniform morphology of the TiO2 were found at different calcination temperatures. The kinetic study of phase changes from the anatase to rutile using the X-ray diffraction data with Avrami equation was investigated. The transformation of anatase to rutile was started after 500 °C and above by decreasing of XRD peaks intensity of anatase with rutile increased. The activation energy of the rutile phase was found lower which indicated that uniform shape and morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles. At same time, changes of activation energy value depended on the experimental conditions was observed.
A novel LED module for the detection of H2S at 3.8 µm

A new type of mid-infrared LED module (LEDM) operating at 3.8 mu m is reported. The device was produced using liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) and consists of a series array of four individual LED chips. Electro-optic characteristics of the devices were measured and are reported here. The output power from the module was measured to be as high as 8 mW at room temperature under pulsed drive conditions. Compared with previous results our LED and LEDM devices represent a considerable improvement in output power at 3.8 mu m. The reasons for this improvement are related to the purification techniques used in the LPE growth procedure and the de-tuning of the CHSH Auger resonance in the InAs0.95Sb0. 05 alloy which forms the active region. The peak in the electroluminescence emission spectrum was found to be co-incident with the absorption band of H2S gas and as such we were able to demonstrate substantial optical absorption which clearly shows the potential application of such devices in infrared gas sensor instrumentation.
Season vs. Nutrition-Dependent Fruit Loading: Effects on Pigment Dynamics of Tomato Leaves

ABSTRACT The effect of season on fruit load is drastic when tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum, cv. Dombito) plants are grown hydroponically during winter or summer. In this paper, we report the effect of high (HT) vs. low (LT) temperatures on chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin a and b, carotene a and b, and zeaxanthin, lutein, antheraxanthin, neoxanthin, lutein-5,6-epoxide, and violaxanthin dynamics of tomato leaves. Furthermore, based on the assumption that season may prevail over nutrition, we report the effect of normal vs. quarter-normal Hoagland nutrient solution on these pigments' profiles. Chlorophyll concentration was three to four times higher during HT. Chlorophyll loss during LT was more intense for chlorophyll b (chl-b) than for chlorophyll a (chl-a), and the chl-a/chl-b ratio was higher during LT. Chlorophyll concentration was less affected by nutrition and more by season. Nutrition affected chlorophyll concentration more at HT. Pheophytin a (pheo-a) increased intensely with increase of temperature and total solar radiation (SR), while the opposite was observed for pheophytin b (pheo-b). Especially during LT, pheo-b presented an impressive increase opposite to that of chl-a, chl-b and pheo-a. Carotenoid concentration was less affected by nutrition and more by season. Nutrition affected the concentration of carotenes more than that of the other carotenoids, especially at HT. Carotenes a (car-a) and b (car-a) were significantly higher during HT, and the same was true for the concentrations of epoxide-free xanthophylls, zeaxanthin (Z), and lutein. Epoxide-free xanthophylls, car-a, car-b, and pheo-a presented the same pattern of changes during both seasons, and all these pigments were affected positively by the increase of SR and temperature. Concentrations of the mono-epoxides antheraxanthin (A), neoxanthin, and lutein-5,6-epoxide, and of the di-epoxide violaxanthin (V) presented a second group with the same pattern of changes. As opposed to epoxide-free xanthophylls, they were negatively affected by the increase of temperature and SR. In winter, the xanthophyll ratio A+Z/V (i.e, xanthophylls involved in the violaxanthin cycle, as a photoprotective mechanism) showed an impressive increase at the last five weeks (when temperature and SR were increased), when they were two times higher than during the remainder of the period (when temperature and SR were low). In summer, A+Z/V was high during the period of particularly high temperature and SR (weeks 7–11, with an average temperature of 33°C–35°C and SR of 29–32 MJ m−2) and lower at the last five weeks, when temperature and SR decreased (< 28°C and SR 27 MJ m−2 respectively).
Optical dispersion in spun nanocrystalline titania thin films

Sol–gel derived titanium dioxide (TiO2) films are prepared on silicon substrates using the method of spin-coating with different speeds from 1000 to 6000 rpm. Spectroscopic ellipsometric measurements provide dispersion of the refractive index and extinction coefficient within the wavelength range of 300–1000 nm. The behaviour is in agreement with the single oscillator model. Optical absorption is believed to be due to allowed indirect transition over the optical gap of approximately 3.2 eV.
Partially miscible EVOH/copolyamide-6/6.9 blends: The effect of stretching on the structure

Binary blends of random copolymers, ethylene-vinyl-alcohol (EVOH) consisting of 38 mol % ethylene and Copolyamide-6/6.9 with an approximate 1: 1 comonomer ratio, were prepared via blown-film extrusion and uniaxial stretching. The anisotropy induced by the uniaxial deformation of the polymer blends was characterized by X-ray diffraction and birefringence measurements. The stretched films also were investigated via oxygen permeability. The results showed a sharp decrease in the apparent crystallite size throughout the entire composition range in comparison to the blown films. However, the order perceived within the amorphous phase in the EVOH-rich blends increased (decrease in oxygen permeability), whereas in the copolyamide-rich blends, orientation resulted in a decrease in the amorphous phase order (increase in permeability). Apparently, orientation destroyed the amorphous interpolymer complex.
Inexact Chance-Constrained Waste-Load Allocation Model for Water Quality Management of Xiangxihe River

AbstractIn this study, an inexact chance-constrained waste-load allocation (ICWA) model is proposed for supporting river quality management under uncertainty that is capable of addressing uncertainties expressed as intervals and probability distributions as well as analyzing the reliability of satisfying (or the risk of violating) various constraints. The ICWA model is then applied to water quality management of the Xiangxihe River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, which faces severe water quality problems due to point and nonpoint source pollution. The results demonstrate that higher biological oxygen demand (BOD) discharge amounts are observed at the Baishahe chemical plant and Gufu wastewater treatment plant. Moreover, total phosphorus discharges into the river come mainly from point sources, particularly the chemical plants and phosphorus mining companies. For nonpoint sources, crop farming generates large amounts of total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Tradeoffs between economic benefits and syst.
Glycation of Ovalbumin in Solid-State by Conductive and Microwave Heating

Effects of microwave heating (MH) and conductive heating (CH) on the glycation of ovalbumin (OVA) by glucose in dry state were compared. The temperature of OVA-glucose mixture was raised to 80°C in 13 min and kept for 0, 15, 30 and 60 min by MH and CH. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the bands of OVA glycated by MH and CH appeared to be shifted equally to higher molecular mass. However, the amount of primary amino groups in OVA glycated by CH significantly decreased compared with those by MH. The solubility of OVA glycated by CH was higher than that by MH. These results suggested that CH accelerated the glycation of OVA in solid-state more than MH.
Line broadening in the carbon-13 NMR spectra of crosslinked polymers

Etude du polyacrylate de sodium reticule par le N,N'-methylene bis-acrylamide. Augmentation de la largeur des raies avec le degre de reticulation. Les resultats d'experiences de relaxation et de «hole burning» en variant l'intensite du champ suggerent que la cause principale en est une dispersion des deplacements chimiques provenant des liaisons transversales, et non les temps de relaxation plus courts
High-ozone layers in the middle and upper troposphere above Central Europe: strong import from the stratosphere over the Pacific Ocean

Abstract. Very dry high-ozone layers have been repeatedly observed with the ozone lidar in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany) starting one or two days after the onset of high-pressure periods during the warm season. These episodes have been analysed by trajectory calculations and extended simulations with the FLEXPART particle dispersion model. Mixed contributions from the stratosphere over the Pacific Ocean and the boundary layers of East Asia and North America were found. The stratospheric influence is mostly dominating and caused by a rather shallow transfer from the stratosphere into these rapid upper- and mid-tropospheric air streams. The considerable vertical extent of these layers and peak ozone mixing ratios between 80 and 150 ppb suggest an important mechanism for stratosphere-to-troposphere transport.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETER FOR DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES

An ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) is developed for use as an analytical tool and, in particular, for the detection of species used as explosives. From the initial design based on the literature, we have, through several optimization studies, reached a configuration that provides the desired sensitivity with adequate resolution. Results obtained with the optimized geometry are presented in this article. The sensitivity of the instrument is about 10 ng for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and Royal Demolition Explosive or cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and about 50 ng for pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). These explosives are detected as clearly resolved features.
Comparison of silicon stencil mask distortion measurements with finite element analysis

Stencil mask fabrication processes using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) mask-wafer blanks have already been established. In order to meet the stringent requirements of pattern placement both mask distortion measurements and finite element analyses serve as tools to understand the sources of the pattern distortions. In this article experimental results from LMS IPRO measurements in intermediate process steps and comparison to corresponding finite element analyses of two stencil masks are presented, demonstrating the decisive influence of SOI mask-wafer blank quality, in particular with respect to the warp of the wafer substrate and thickness homogeneity of the silicon membrane layer.
Induction of DNA damage by heavy ions measured by atomic force microscopy

According to the experimental evidence damage induced by densely ionizing radiation in chromosomes and DNA molecules is distributed in the form of clusters. The most critical type of DNA damage is double-strand breaks (DSBs) which are formed when breaks occur in both DNA strands and are directly opposite or separated by only a few base pairs. This paper reports on the direct visualization of DSBs induced in a plasmid DNA molecule by ionizing radiation and the measurement of produced DNA fragments by use of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our results show an influence of radiation quality on the DSB production.
The Effect of Company Size, Leverage and Return on Asset on Earnings Management: Case Study Indonesian

This paper aims to analyze the effect of company size, leverage and return on assets on earnings management. The research method uses descriptive methods with a quantitative approach. The research data used financial statement data on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2018. Data sources were obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The research findings explain that company size has no influence on earnings management, while leverage and return on assets have an influence on earnings management.
An Effective Deep Learning Algorithm for Intrusion Detection

Although many mature technologies can be used to prevent cyberattacks, we still have to redesign or adjust these detection or defense systems for unknown cyberattacks today. In fact, the speed of update for these systems may be slower than the production of cyberattacks. To solve this problem, the technology of intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS) is indispensably required for network because it is capable of not only detecting the unknown attacks but also preventing attacks. More recently, using deep learning technology for the IDPS to precisely detect the attacks in a network is a promising research topic. However, because the parameter setting in deep learning still relies on manual operation by human, setting parameters, such as the number of layers for a neural network and the number of neurons in each layer, to reach a higher accuracy still is a critical issue in this research domain. In this paper, we will present an eﬀective algorithm, which combines a metaheuristic algo-rithm with deep learning to dynamically adjust the parameters of deep learning (i.e., the number of neurons in each hidden layer) to enhance the performance of deep learning for IDPS. The experimental results show that the accuracy of our proposed method is outperform than current deep learning methods compared in this research for IDPS.
Refinement of crystal structure of β-phenylglutaric acid, C11H12O4

C11H12O4, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.469(2) Â, b = 7.153(1) Â ,c = 26.363(5) À, V= 1974.2 Â 3 , Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.058, wR^F) = 0.153, T= 293 K.
Energy Analysis and Air Entrainment in an Ejector Induced Downflow Bubble Column with Non‐Newtonian Motive Fluid

In an ejector induced downflow bubble column energy supplied as a high velocity liquid jet is utilized in different sections of the ejector-contactor system, which leads to air entrainment at the secondary entrance of the ejector. The energy losses in the different sections, viz. ejector, mixing zone and gas-liquid bubbly flow zone have been evaluated theoretically. Experimental results show that the total energy losses calculated on the basis of theoretical expression are almost the same as energy supplied by the liquid jet. A simple correlation was developed for the air entrainment rate in terms of operating and design parameters of the system.
Carbon dioxide adsorption in graphene sheets

Control over the CO2 emission via automobiles and industrial exhaust in atmosphere, is one of the major concerns to render environmental friendly milieu. Adsorption can be considered to be one of the more promising methods, offering potential energy savings compared to absorbent systems. Different carbon nanostructures (activated carbon and carbon nanotubes) have attracted attention as CO2 adsorbents due to their unique surface morphology. In the present work, we have demonstrated the CO2adsorption capacity of graphene, prepared via hydrogen induced exfoliation of graphitic oxide at moderate temperatures. The CO2adsorption study was performed using high pressure Sieverts apparatus and capacity was calculated by gas equation using van der Waals corrections. Physical adsorption of CO2 molecules in graphene was confirmed by FTIR study. Synthesis of graphene sheets via hydrogen exfoliation is possible at large scale and lower cost and higher adsorption capacity of as prepared graphene compared to other carbon nanostructures suggests its possible use as CO2 adsorbent for industrial application. Maximum adsorption capacity of 21.6 mmole/g was observed at 11 bar pressure and room temperature (25 oC).
Density-functional theory band gap of wurtzite InN

We report the calculated band gap of wurtzite indium nitride. Our ab initio computations employed a local-density approximation (LDA) potential and the linear combination of Gaussian orbital formalism. The implementation of the ab initio Bagayoko, Zhao, and Williams method [Phys. Rev. B 60, 1563 (1999)] led to a LDA band gap of 0.88eV, in excellent agreement with recent experiments. We also present calculated density of states (DOS) and the electron effective mass at the bottom of the conduction band. Our DOS curves indicate that an experiment could find values of the band gap up to 2eV, depending on the sensitivity of the apparatus, the interpretation of resulting data, and associated uncertainties.
The Richness and Diversity of Catalases in Bacteria

Catalases play a key role in the defense against oxidative stress in bacteria by catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2. In addition, catalases are also involved in multiple cellular processes, such as cell development and differentiation, as well as metabolite production. However, little is known about the abundance, diversity, and distribution of catalases in bacteria. In this study, we systematically surveyed and classified the homologs of three catalase families from 2,634 bacterial genomes. It was found that both of the typical catalase and Mn-catalase families could be divided into distinct groups, while the catalase-peroxidase homologs formed a tight family. The typical catalases are rich in all the analyzed bacterial phyla except Chlorobi, in which the catalase-peroxidases are dominant. Catalase-peroxidases are rich in many phyla, but lacking in Deinococcus-Thermus, Spirochetes, and Firmicutes. Mn-catalases are found mainly in Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thermus, but are rare in many other phyla. Given the fact that catalases were reported to be involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis in several Streptomyces strains, the distribution of catalases in the genus Streptomyces was given more attention herein. On average, there are 2.99 typical catalases and 0.99 catalase-peroxidases in each Streptomyces genome, while no Mn-catalases were identified. To understand detailed properties of catalases in Streptomyces, we characterized all the five typical catalases from S. rimosus ATCC 10970, the oxytetracycline-producing strain. The five catalases showed typical catalase activity, but possessed different catalytic properties. Our findings contribute to the more detailed classification of catalases and facilitate further studies about their physiological roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and other cellular processes, which might facilitate the yield improvement of valuable secondary metabolites in engineered bacteria.