Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Performance of Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layers Using Ordered Microstructural Design

The Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) is an important ﬁbrous porous material within all fuel cells that manage the transport of electrons, heat and ﬂuids in order to generate power. The microstructural morphology of electrically conductive solid porous media can be manipulated to produce structures with a larger effective electrical conductivity and reactant permeability when compared to current Gas Diffusion Layers (GDL) used in fuel cells. Using a numerical modelling approach, we simulated single phase ﬂow and the electrical conductance in void and solid spaces, respectively. The simulations were completed in OpenFOAM which employs the ﬁnite volume approach. Simulations revealed that effective electrical conductivity is dependent on the electron path tortuosity τ E and the porosity (cid:2) . Therefore control of these micro-structural properties will allow for lower ohmic and mass transport losses. To aid the analysis, analytical and semi-empirical equations were developed based upon physical parameters to predict the effective electrical conductivity of connected porous media independent of isotropy. We propose that regular ordered structures via additive manufacturing techniques will allow for greater fuel cell performance. permits unrestricted reuse of the work any 10.1149/2.0202001JES] determine the performance of PEMFC at high current density. separate equations for the in-plane and through-plane electrical conductivity which is only a function of porosity. Our there is another parameter that must be considered for predicting the electrical con- ductivity of connected porous media. The work involved within this study aims to develop a more detailed expression for predicting ef- fective electrical conductivity for all microstructures independent of isotropy; which is performed by microstructural morphology simula-tions.Numerical simulations on ﬁbrous GDL 3 provide a correction to the Bruggeman’s correlation and show the clear variation between IP and τ e that is common in all connected electron transport media. Instead of using a different variation of GDL to improve fuel cell performance, this study proposes a novel concept of implementing a ordered micro-structure to improve performance for both ﬂuid ﬂow and electrical conductance. Improving GDL permeability has the po- tential to allow higher current densities to be achieved because the concentration of reactant at the reaction zones will be larger, resulting in a fast rate of reaction. 15 Conventional GDL are highly anisotropic, meaning that the in-plane conductivity is usually one order of magni- tude higher than the through-plane conductivity; 1 an isotropic ordered structure can be greater than both. A 3D printing a structure a cell Two-Photon
Global Equilibrium Stability of Hepatitis B Model and Vaccination Impact

In this study, we propose an MSEIR model with passive immunisation, exposed individual therapy and infectious hepatitis B therapy to describe the dynamics of HBV transmission. We established the disease free equilibrium and epidemic equilibrium states of the model and analyse for stability of the epidemic equilibrium state using Bellman and Cooke's theorem. We found out the epidemic equilibrium state was stable, which implies that the MSEIR model can be used for predicting the long-term effectiveness of the immunisation programme combined with Exposed individuals therapy and infectious hepatitis therapy in sustaining a population.
SCREENING METHODS IN TUBERCULOSIS

The study aims at emphasizing certain medical methods that are used for the screening of the infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For this purpose, we have used the conventional radiological investigation, more specifically the standard pulmonary radiography, together with certain laboratory tests. The QuantiFERON - TB Gold (In-Tube Method) test successfully completes the radiological investigation, determining the quantity of γ-interferon released in the plasma, as a consequence of the interaction between the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the CD4 lymphocytes. We used the data basis of the Hospital of Pneumology Brasov, certain relevant radiological images for the infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Concerning the QuantiFERON - TB Gold (In-Tube Method) tests, we have taken into account the results of the investigation in 2009. Cuvinte cheie: tuberculoză, radiografie pulmonară standard, teste de laborator, Mycobaterium tuberculosis Rezumat: Scopul studiului este de a evidenţia unele metode medicale care se folosesc in screeningul infecţiei cu Mycobaterium tuberculosis. Pentru aceasta, s-a folosit tehnica investigaţiei radiologice convenţionale, mai precis radiografia pulmonară standard, impreună cu anumite teste de laborator. Testul QuantiFERON - TB Gold (In-Tube Method), completează cu succes investigaţia radiologic ă, determinând cantitativ γ-interferonul eliberat in plasm ă, ca urmare a interac ţiunii dintre complexul Mycobaterium tuberculosis si limfocitele CD4. S-au folosit din baza de date a dispensarului TBC, al Spitalului de Pneumoftiziol ogie Brasov, câteva imagini radiologice sugestive pentru infecţia cu Mycobaterium tuberculosis. Privind testul QuantiFERON - TB Gold (In-Tube Method), s-au luat in considerare rezultatele investigaţiei din anul 2009.
Analgesic potential of certain traditional African herbal extracts in high fat diet-manipulated hyperglycaemic rats

In this study, an assessment of the analgesic potential of Zea mays L . , Nauclea latifolia Sm leaf; leaf and stalk of Manihot esculenta Crantz was made. Pain was induced by 0.6% acetic acid in high fat diet-manipulated, alloxaninduced hyperglycaemic rats. Paracetamol® (65 mg/kgBW) served as positive control, while olive oil was used as negative control. Test groups were administered ethyl acetate extracts of the traditional African herbal extracts (TAHE) at a dose of 50 mg/kgBW. All interventions were administered as a single dose by oral gavage. Analgesic activity was measured by counting the percentage of writhing movements as a measure of alleviation of visceral pain by each intervention. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract of Zea mays L . and Nauclea latifolia Smith leaf, Manihot esculenta Crantz leaf and stalk had peripheral analgesic activities of 53.27 %, 55.71%, 69.02% and 60.73% respectively as compared to Paracetamol® (57.32%).
EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF BARLEY GRAINS AND SOYBEAN MEAL BY DISTILLER'S DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES WITH OR WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTED SEAWEED IN GROWING RABBIT RATIONS ON: 2. Calcium and phosphorus intake and absorption and some blood constituents of growing rabbits.

Twenty seven of weaning New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits of seven weeks of age was randomly distributed into nine groups of equal number (three rabbits in each) and similar average live body weight (813g ± 0.01). Each group at 7, 9, 11 and 13 weeks of age was tended to determine Ca, and P concentration in blood plasma. At 13 weeks old, blood samples were collected from the ear vein of the three rabbits in each group after overnight fasting during the last day of all growth trials. A representative part (5cm) from the small intestine was dissected immediately after slaughtering of rabbits to determine Ca and P absorption rates. The experimental groups were fed randomly on one of the nine formulated experimental rations used. The 1 ration (R1) was used as a control, which contained 10 % yellow corn + 10 % barley + 13.7 % soybean meal (SBM) +20 % wheat bran +40 % clover hay + 3 % molasses + 1 % dicalcium phosphate + 1.2 % limestone + 0.5 % sodium chloride + 0.4 % premix + 0.2 % methionine and substituting the equal parts of barley and SBM by 10 % and 20 % distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) for ration 2 (R2) and ration 3 (R3), respectively. The supplemented seaweed (SW) for these rations was at two levels. The first level was 0.5 % seaweed of the total mixed ration for ration 4 (R4), ration 5 (R5) and ration 6 (R6). The second level was 1.0 % seaweed of the total
Targeted Therapy Possibilities for Metastatic Melanoma

In this thesis, four different approaches of experimental therapy for metastatic melanoma were studied. Endogenous cis-urocanic acid (UCA) is found in every individual’s skin, where exposure to UV light from the sun generates it from its inactive trans-conformation. Cis-UCA was found to destroy malignant melanoma cells in culture under an acidified pH and sufficient concentration through caspase-3 mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, cis-UCA is able to considerably diminish the growth rate of human melanoma tumors on living severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice.
FIBROCYSTIC CHANGE IN AXILLARY POLYMASTIA WITH ABSENT NIPPLE: REPORT OF A CASE AT FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE GOMBE NIGERIA

Polymastia usually occur along the embryonic milk lines extending from the axilla to the groin. Polymastia in female patients has been reported to manifest during pregnancy or lactation. We report a 19-year-old adolescent with axillary supernumerary breast. She had painful axillary swelling which was misdiagnosed as infected lipoma clinically. The mass in the right axilla was excised with pathologic report of supernumerary breasts with fibrocystic changes. When a mass is located along the milk line, the possibility of the presence of breast tissue should be considered.
Prognostic factors in patients irradiated after incomplete excision of low-grade cerebral astrocytoma

Introduction . Low grade astrocytomas account for 10-15% of primary adult brain tumours. The management of low-grade cerebral astrocytoma is controversial. Surgery is usually attempted and either biopsy or subtotal or total excision is undertaken. Complete surgical resection is potentially curative. After subtotal resection of the tumour, different polices are being pursued: planned immediate postoperative radiotherapy or retreatment by surgery or radiotherapy on progression of the disease. Material and method . One hundred and nineteen patients with incompletely excised low-grade astrocytomas (WHO grade II) irradiated between 1976 and 1993 at the Department of Radiation Oncology of Maria Sk∏odowska-Curie Memorial Canser Center in Krakow, were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty astrocytomas were classified as fibrillary, twenty two as protoplasmic and thirty seven as gemistocytic. All patients were treated with megavoltage gamma rays (60Co). The total dose ranged from 50 to 64 Gy (mean: 59.23 Gy) delivered with daily fractions of 1.6-2.5 Gy. The three-field technique (parallel-opposed lateral portals with wedges and anterior portal), or anterior and lateral portals with wedges were used. The treatment volume covered the tumour residual with a margin of (1-2 cm). Factors analysed for prognostic significance included: age, gender, performance status, neurological function, length and nature of symptoms, tumour localisation, stage, histology, extend of surgery, interval from operation to radiotherapy and total dose. Results . Toxicity was acceptable. The 5-year and 10-year overall actuarial survival rates were 39% and 24%, respectively. The following characteristics were associated with improved patient survival by univariate analysis: age (30, very good neurological function before radiotherapy, fibrillary or protoplasmic histology, female gender (p(0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that only age was correlated with survival time. Patients under 30 years of age carried the best prognosis. Conclusion . 1. Combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy in patients with incompletely excised low-grade cerebral astrocytoma results in obtaining 5-year and 10-year overall actuarial survival rates in 39% and 24% of cases, respectively. 2. The tolerance of radical radiotherapy with total doses of 50-64 Gy delivered with classical factions, covering the tumour residual with a margin, is good. 3. Age is the most significant variable determining the survival of patients with incompletely excised low-grade astrocytoma.
RISK FACTORS OF LOW BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN MILITARY FAMILIES

Aims: Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease, which is defined as a decrease in bone mass. This disease is known with the change and destruction or reduction of skeletal structure and increased risk of fracture. This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors in decreasing bone density in premenopausal women. Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 644 premenopausal women of military families who were referred to bone densitometry center of a hospital in Tehran participated in the research. Then, based on bone densitometry results the participants were divided into two groups: bone density loss 9 case groups) and normal bone density (control group). The information associated with risk factors of bone density loss were collected by osteoporosis Canadian standard questionnaire and was analyzed with chi square test and T-test. Results: Amount of spinal osteoporosis was 8.9% and the rate of osteopenia in these areas was 53.4%. There was significant difference between the case and control groups among the risk factors in calcium deficiency, lactose intolerance, history of corticosteroid drugs, methotrexate, anticonvulsants, disease of rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, thalassemia minor and lower than 58kg weight. Conclusion: The factors such as diet and the lack of consumption of dairy products, pharmaceutical parameters including corticosteroids and Methotrexate and glandular or rheumatologic diseases are among the important and effective factors in reduction of bone density in postmenopausal women.
Title of Dissertation: HOW SIX FOURTH GRADERS EXPERIENCED AND UNDERSTOOD LITERACY EVENTS DURING ONE YEAR IN A QUALITY SCHOOL LIBRARY

Title of Dissertation: HOW SIX FOURTH GRADERS EXPERIENCED AND UNDERSTOOD LITERACY EVENTS DURING ONE YEAR IN A QUALITY SCHOOL LIBRARY Anita N. Voelker, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Dissertation Directed By: Dr. Marilyn J. Chambliss Associate Professor Department of Curriculum and Instruction University of Maryland, College Park In this one year study, I employed a “childist” lens (Hunt, 1991) to discover how six fourth grade students experienced and understood literacy events in a quality school library program. To locate a quality setting, I sought experts’ suggestions, reviewed resources, interviewed librarians, and visited four sites. Of these four sites, I chose the quality setting with the highest percentage of racial diversity within the student population. In response to Snow, Burns, and Griffin’s (1998) call for more research on fourth grade students, I focused this study on students in this grade level. Using data from Terra Nova scores, teacher ranking, and a Title Recognition Test, I selected six fourth graders, who represented diversity in reading ability, reading experience, race, and gender. Using a sociocultural perspective (Gee, 2001) and Halliday’s (1980) “socialfunctional approach” (p. 37), I defined literacy for children as learning existing, new, and evolving language and language systems in text and technology; learning about language and language systems in social and cultural settings that are meaningful to the community of learners; learning through language and language systems by understanding the power of words in text and technological contexts. With this established literacy definition, I selected the literacy event as a unit of analysis. Collecting and analyzing data were reciprocal processes. During the academic year, I collected data via observations and interviews. There were three distinct types of interviews: post literacy event, with artifacts, and with a library model. I employed an emic perspective to view the literacy events through the experiences and understanding of the participants. Using an etic lens, I applied my understandings of literacy research to analyze the child’s perspective. To crystallize the findings from the analysis, I created literacy portraits for each participant that aligned with the subsidiary questions. In summarizing the literacy portraits, I found a paradox: Although literacy events were ubiquitous in this quality school library, literacy was rare. Drawing on Swales (1990) theory of discourse communities, I argue that the contradiction may stem from differences in the school library and literacy discourse communities, as well as complexity in defining
A comparative study on hygroscopic and physiochemical properties of chicken powders obtained by different drying methods

Abstract Different drying methods (spray drying (SD), vacuum drying (VD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD), and infrared vacuum drying (IFVD)) were applied in order to compare the hygroscopicity behavior of chicken powders. The hygroscopicity curves and glass transition temperature were used to evaluate the influence of ambient humidity and temperature on moisture absorption of powders. The results showed that the chicken powder dried by MVD had the lowest moisture absorption, followed by IFVD, VD, and SD. The hygroscopicity of SD chicken powders was different from other three kinds of chicken powders due to the physical properties of particles and the changes of protein secondary structure as detected by the Fourier transform-infrared spectrometer. For the three vacuum drying methods, the difference of protein secondary structure was the main reason of differences in hygroscopicity. Although MVD chicken powders were slightly inferior to SD chicken powders in taste, MVD chicken powders were the best in terms of smell and color as suggested by instrumental sensory parameter evaluations. It was found that MVD had a positive effect on reducing moisture absorption and maintaining sensory quality of chicken powders.
Zirconium-boron reactive composite powders prepared by arrested reactive milling

ABSTRACT Zirconium-boron composite powders with the stoichiometric bulk composition corresponding to ZrB2 were prepared using high-energy milling in a shaker mill starting with elemental boron and zirconium. Milling times up to 3 hours were explored. The characterization of the prepared powders included measuring their particle size distribution, crystal structure, and assessment of particle structure and morphology. Reactions in the prepared powders were characterized using thermal analysis as well as custom ignition and combustion experiments. Composite powders consist of a Zr matrix with B inclusions mostly 100 nm or less in size. The homogeneity of mixing between boron and zirconium improves when the milling time increases from 1 to 2 hours; it is not affected by longer milling times. Boron and zirconium start reacting during milling; the degree of this reaction becomes appreciable when the milling time reaches 2 hours. In air, ignition of both pure zirconium and the prepared powders occurs in the same temperature range of ca. 400–700°C for the heating rates varied from 2000 to 20,000 °C/s. In fuel-rich conditions, ignition of the prepared powders is affected by the reaction between B and Zr, which occurs less readily for powders milled for 2 hours or longer. In air, particles of the prepared composite powders burn faster than either pure boron or zirconium. Flame temperatures for individual composite particles burning in air are reasonably close to those predicted as adiabatic flame temperatures for this composite-air system at stoichiometric and fuel-rich conditions. In combustion products of an air-acetylene flame, the burn rates of the prepared composites are lower than that of zirconium and are comparable to that of boron. Powders prepared by 1-hour milling burn faster than powders prepared using longer milling times.
Power control methods for improving spatial reuse in TDMA-based wireless mesh networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years as a cost-effective method to provide a wireless network infrastructure. To accommodate various types of application traffic inWMNs, improvement of network capacity is one of the most critical issues. The efficiency of wireless network resource utilization decreases due to radio interference when multiple transmissions occur simultaneously in an interference region. To resolve this problem, we focus on the transmission power control of mesh nodes. We expect to improve spatial reuse by applying power control because this decreases radio interference between wireless links. In this paper, we propose power control methods of mesh nodes for improving spatial reuse in TDMAbased wireless mesh networks. We first propose two types of power control methods, which employ a simple threshold-based mechanism. Furthermore, we develop an additional method that suppresses the unnecessary increase in path length associated with limiting the increase in the hop count to the nearby mesh nodes. Numerical evaluation results reveal that the proposed method decreases the frame length by up to 27% with non sensitive parameter setting.
ANTIOXIDATIVE CONSTITUENTS FROM TWIG AND LEAVES OF JASMINUM SAMBAC

This study aimed to investigate new essential oils and antioxidative constituents from twig and leaves of Jasminium sambac (Oleaceae family) as potent antioxidant sources. The antioxidant behaviour of each extract from twig and leaves of J. sambac was assessed qualitatively by spraying the thin layer chromatography (TLC) of extracts with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and quantitatively by DPPH radical scavenging method. The collection of antioxidative constituents was carried out using centrifugal chromatography. The chemical structures of all constituents were identified from Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS). The qualitative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) screening of antioxidants showed that all types of extracts from J. sambac leaves demonstrated moderate antioxidant behaviour as well as the extracts from twig parts. The quantitative DPPH radical scavenging activity of leaves and twig extracts revealed dichloromethane (DCM) extract scavenged DPPH free radicals more effective at IC50 of 6.24 ppm and 5.22 ppm respectively compared to petroleum ether extract and methanol extract where both extracts exhibited IC50 more than 100 ppm. The antioxidative constituents isolated from DCM extract of twig of J. sambac were recognized as isoamyl nitrite and benzophenone whereby benzophenone was also found in DCM extract of J.sambac leaves. Thus, J. sambac can be considered as a promising source of bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant properties which can be utilized as baseline information to overcome health disorders.
Third coronary artery – Boon or Bane?

Third Coronary Artery is a direct branch from the right aortic sinus without any observable common trunk with the right coronary artery. Third coronary artery is an important bridge for collateral circulation between right and left coronary system. The prevalence of Third Coronary Artery has wide Geographical differences. This extra coronary artery may be a boon for the person having it. This artery when present may help in establishment of partial identity of an individual if ante mortem record, angiograph is available.
Being accountable to stakeholders the role of non-governmental social responsibility communications

Design/Methodology/Approach: In this research, we developed a model of the relationships between socio-cultural values, NGO use of NGSRC, and stakeholders’ evaluations of NGSRC. The NGSRC model has been developed based upon the literature, and provides prescriptions to NGOs to help create culturally tailored and effective communications. This model has been applied in the context of three cases in India.