Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversal of in vitro p53 squelching by both TFIIB and TFIID

p53, the protein encoded by one of the most significant human tumor suppressor genes, is a sequence-specific transcriptional activator. When activated by a double-stranded DNA break, p53 function arrests cells in G1 and can induce apoptosis. Transcriptional activation function is critical for p53 tumor suppression, although transcriptional repressing and nontranscriptional functions of p53 may contribute. p53 activation requires that it bind to TFIID through interactions with TATA box-binding protein (TBP)-associated factors and potentially with TBP. Here, we studied the mechanism of p53 activation using in vitro transcription and a sufficiently high p53 concentration to squelch activated transcription. Squelching is thought to result when target molecules that interact with activation domains are titrated by binding to excess activator. Addition of either excess TFIIB or TFIID but not other proteins required for p53-activated transcription reversed squelching by high p53 concentrations, whereas neither stimulated transcription in reactions without excess p53. These results reveal that both TFIIB and TFIID are inhibited by high concentrations of p53 and suggest that p53 activation may work through direct or indirect interactions with both TFIIB and TFIID.
Conditional Heteroskedasticity and Cross-Sectional Dependence in Panel Data: Monte Carlo Simulations and Examples*

In this paper we combine typical panel modeling assumptions with the assumption that the error terms are multivariate normal with a time varying conditional variance-covariance matrix to produce a model that accounts for conditional heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence in panel data. Estimation of the model is based on direct maximization of the log-likelihood function by numerical methods. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted in order to evaluate the performance of this MLE estimator. Simple tests based on OLS and LSDV residuals are suggested to preliminarily determine whether conditional heteroskedasticity exists and if this process exhibits individual effects. We illustrate the applicability of the model with 3 empirical examples. We show that investment in Greene’s textbook panel of 5 large U.S. manufacturing firms, inflation in a panel of 7 Latin American countries, and consumption growth in a panel of 21 countries all exhibit significant conditional heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence.
[Psychopathology and personality patterns in the first-degree relatives of bipolar patients].

OBJECTIVE This is a cross-sectional study designed to assess psychopathology and personality patterns in a group of high-risk subjects for bipolar disorder compared to a control group. As high-risk subjects first-degree relatives of bipolar patients were selected. METHOD Ninety-five first-degree relatives of 54 bipolar patients and 93 first-degree relatives of 54 subjects without any psychiatric disorder were recruited in the study. Control subjects were matched to bipolar patients according to age, gender and educational status. SADS-L (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version) was used both to ascertain the psychiatric status of the patient and control subjects, and to evaluate the psychopathology in probands' and controls' relatives. MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2) profiles of relatives of patient and control groups were compared as well. RESULTS In the relatives of bipolar patients the SADS-L diagnoses of hypomania, minor depression and schizotypal personality were statistically more prevalent than in the relatives of the control group. MMPI-2 profiles of both relatives of bipolar patients and controls were within "normal" range, whereas relatives of patients were more defensive in disclosing psychopathology. Any specific profile characteristic for relatives of bipolar patients could not be described. CONCLUSION Minor mental disorders were more prevalent in the relatives of bipolar patients group. A personality pattern specific to high risk group for bipolar disorder couldn't be detected.
The GLP-1 R Agonist Liraglutide Activates Cytoprotective Pathways and Improves Outcomes Following Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are used to treat type 2 diabetes and transient GLP-1 administration improved cardiac function in humans following acute myocardial infarction (MI) and percutaneous revascularization. However, the consequences of GLP-1R activation prior to ischemic myocardial injury remain unclear. Research Design and Methods: We assessed the pathophysiology and outcome of coronary artery occlusion in normal and diabetic mice pre-treated with the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide. Results: Male C57BL/6 mice were treated twice daily for 7 d with liraglutide or saline followed by induction of MI. Survival was significantly higher in liraglutide-treated mice. Liraglutide reduced cardiac rupture (12/60 vs. 46/60; P=0.0001), and infarct size (21±2% vs. 29±3%, P=0.02), and improved cardiac output (12.4±0.6 vs. 9.7±0.6; ml/min; P=0.002). Liraglutide also modulated the expression and activity of cardioprotective genes in the mouse heart including Akt, GSK3β, PPARβ−δ, Nrf-2, and HO-1. The effects of liraglutide on survival were independent of weight loss. Moreover, liraglutide conferred cardioprotection and survival advantages over metformin, despite equivalent glycemic control, in diabetic mice with experimental MI. The cardioprotective effects of liraglutide remained detectable 4 days following cessation of therapy and may be partly direct, as liraglutide increased cyclic AMP formation and reduced the extent of caspase-3 activation in cardiomyocytes in a GLP-1Rdependent manner in vitro. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that GLP-1R activation engages pro-survival pathways in the normal and diabetic mouse heart, leading to improved outcomes and enhanced survival following MI in vivo.
Review of pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment methods in motion sickness; a special issue /Hareket hastaliði; patofizyoloji, epidemiyoloji, tani ve tedavi metodlarina bakiþ: özel bir konu -

Motion sickness (MS) is a syndrome characterized with nausea and vomiting, pallor, cold sweating, headache, dizziness, increased salivation, apathy, hyperventilation, and stomach awareness. Nausea is one of the most prominent symptoms of MS and very little known about the neural substrate of this sensation. There is no abrupt accepted explanation about why people get motion sickness. It has long been suspected that genetic and /or evoluntary factors govern motion sickness susceptibility. The prevalence is higher among the female gender. The main causes in adulthood are still unknown, but it has been suggested that this condition can be related to the hormonal cycle. Patients with migraine and Meniere’s disease are prone to experience MS especially in female patients. MS is a common physiological response to real or virtual motion. Numerous studies have investigated the neurobiological mechanism and the control measures of MS. The sensory conflict hypothesis is the most widely accepted theory for MS. Questionnaires, hearth rate variability and electrogastrogram are useful for diagnosis and evaluating MS. Habitual training and drugs are the treatment modalities. The drugs can be divided into the categories: antimuscarinics, H1 antihistamines, and sempathomimetics. The aim of this review is to remind the current knowledge about pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment methods of the special issue: motion sickness.
Amplification of mouse mammary tumor virus genomes in non-mammary tumor cells

Extra proviral copies of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) are known to be present in the genomes of certain T-cell lymphomas of mice. Analysis of additional non-mammary tumor cell types known to express MMTV transcripts and antigens revealed the presence of extra acquired MMTV proviruses in a pituitary tumor cell line, a macrophage line, and Leydig testicular tumor cells. The nature of the amplified MMTV proviruses in these various tumor cell types differed with regard to copy number and presence of alterations in the long terminal repeat region.
Making Up for Lost Opportunities: The Protective Role of Downward Social Comparisons for Coping With Regrets Across Adulthood

Two longitudinal studies showed that if adults confront low opportunities to overcome regrets, downward social comparisons can exert self-protective functions across the adult life span, irrespective of age (Study 1 N = 104 young and older adults, Study 2 N = 51 older adults). Both studies found that downward relative to upward social comparisons were associated with improvements in participants’ positive (but not negative) affect, if they perceived low as opposed to high opportunities to overcome regrets. Moreover, Study 2 showed that this beneficial effect on change in positive affect mediated the experience of fewer cold symptoms over time. Supplemental analyses further indicated that the mechanism linking social comparison processes and opportunities with positive (but not negative) affect was associated with the capacity for goal reengagement. In addition, these analyses showed that the obtained effects were largely unrelated to the severity of regret-related consequences and thus ruled out an alternative explanation of the findings.
Relationship between different mechanical properties of phenol formaldehyde SLG-reinforced composites

Phenol formaldehyde was filled with Envirospheres, ceramic hollow spheres (SLG) to increase the tensile strength, fracture toughness and flexural strength. This article varies the percentages by weight of the SLG in the composites which are then subjected to the relevant mechanical tests. The results show that composite with 7.5 wt% of the SLG produces the optimum combinations of tensile properties, flexural properties, fracture toughness, and cost with a reasonable fluidity for casting. It is hoped that the discussion and results in this work would not only contribute towards the development of SLG-reinforced phenolic composites with better material properties, but also useful for the investigations of fracture toughness, tensile properties, and flexural properties in other composites.
Bilateral orchiectomy versus total androgen blockade in the management of metastatic cancer prostate

Background: Advanced prostatic cancer in India is mainly managed by bilateral scrotal orchiectomy. Though combined androgen blockade is advocated, its doubtful efficacy and high cost promoted us to undertake this study in Indian patients comparing bilateral orchiectomy plus placebo versus bilateral orchiectomy plus flutamide in improving overall survival in metastatic prostate cancer. Methods: This 18 months observational study was conducted in the patients coming to the urology unit of department of Surgery, SN Medical College & Hospital Agra, with the symptoms of prostate cancer after taking permission from the Institutional Ethical committee. Methods of Palliation used were bilateral orchiectomy and Anti-androgen flutamide. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS and a p value of 0.05). Over all response rate was 83.3% in both the groups. The adverse effect like hot flushes and diarrhoea was observed 33.3% in total androgen blockade in comparison to placebo controlled group having 16.6% only. Colonic origin of sepsis was associated with worse outcome probably due to presence of feculent exudates which was more commonly associated with colonic origin of sepsis. Female sex was associated with better outcome as compared to male sex. Our study differs from MPI in these 2 variables of adverse outcome. Conclusions: It is evident that the addition of antiandrogen like flutamide to orchiectomy did not show any significant beneficial effect. The routine use of flutamide is not advisable due to its cost effectiveness.
A polymorph structure of copper(II) hydrogenphosphite dihydrate

The title compound, poly[[diaquacopper(II)]-μ3-hydrogenphosphito], [Cu(HPO3)(H2O)2]n, (I), has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 393 K. Its non-centrosymmetric polymorph structure, (II), was known previously and has been redetermined at 193 (2) K [El Bali & Massa (2002 ▶). Acta Cryst. E58, i29–i31]. The Cu atoms in (I) and (II) are square-pyramidal coordinated. A distorted octahedral geometry around the Cu atoms is considered by including the strongly elongated apical distances of 2.8716 (15) Å in (I) and 3.000 (1) Å in (II). The Cu⋯Cu separation of the dimeric unit is 3.1074 (3) Å. The secondary building units (SBU) (the Cu2O2 dimer and two HPO3 units) in (I) are inversion related and form a two-dimensional layered structure, with sheets parallel to the bc plane, whereas in the structure of (II), the chain elements are connected via screw-axis symmetry to form a three-dimensional microporous framework. In both polymorph structures, strong O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed.
Two Na,K‐ATPase β2 subunit isoforms are differentially expressed within the central nervous system and sensory organs during zebrafish embryogenesis

We have identified cDNAs encoding a second zebrafish ortholog of the human Na,K‐ATPase β2 subunit. The β2b cDNA encodes a 292 amino acid‐long polypeptide with 74% identity to the previously characterized zebrafish β2a subunit. By using a zebrafish meiotic mapping panel, we determined that the β2b gene (atp1b2b) was tightly linked to markers on linkage group 5, whereas the β2a gene was located on linkage group 23. In situ hybridization analysis shows that in developing zebrafish embryos, atp1b2a and atp1b2b are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. β2a transcripts were abundantly expressed throughout brain as well as spinal cord neurons and lateral line ganglia. In contrast, β2b mRNA expression was primarily detected in sensory organs, including retina, otic vesicles, and lateral line neuromast cells. These results suggest that the β2a and β2b genes play distinct roles in developing brain and sensory organs, and raise the possibility that the functions encoded by the single mammalian β2 gene may be partitioned between the two zebrafish β2 orthologs. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fixed-order ℋ∞ controller based on HIFOO for a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator wind turbine

The paper reports on the application of full-order ℋ<inf>∞</inf> controller and ℋ<inf>∞</inf> Fixed-Order Optimisation (HIFOO) controller to a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator wind turbine (DFIG). These controllers use the ℋ<inf>∞</inf> mixed sensitivity problem to achieve an enhancement in both, Nominal Performance (NP) and Robust Stability (RS) margins for the uncertain DFIG plant while respecting constraints, such as dynamic tracking of the set-point references, load disturbances rejection and measurement noises attenuation. The simulation results show that with order reduction by half, the HIFOO controller presents effectiveness and efficiency with respect to the classical full-order ℋ<inf>∞</inf> controller.
Templated Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Specific Structure.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have shown great potential in various applications attributed to their unique structure-dependent properties. Therefore, the controlled preparation of chemically and structurally pristine SWNTs is a crucial issue for their advanced applications (e.g., nanoelectronics) and has been a great challenge for two decades. Epitaxial growth from well-defined seeds has been shown to be a promising strategy to control the structure of SWNTs. Segments of carbon nanotubes, including short pipes from cutting of preformed nanotubes and caps from opening of fullerenes or cyclodehydrogenation of polycyclic hydrocarbon precursors, have been used as the seeds to grow SWNTs. Single-chirality SWNTs were obtained with both presorted chirality-pure SWNT segments and end caps obtained from polycyclic hydrocarbon molecules with designed structure. The main challenges of nanocarbon-segment-seeded processes are the stability of the seeds, yield, and efficiency. Catalyst-mediated SWNT growth is believed to be more efficient. The composition and morphology of the catalyst nanoparticles have been widely reported to affect the chirality distribution of SWNTs. However, chirality-specific SWNT growth is hard to achieve by alternating catalysts. The specificity of enzyme-catalyzed reactions brings us an awareness of the essentiality of a unique catalyst structure for the chirality-selective growth of SWNTs. Only catalysts with the desired atomic arrangements in their crystal planes can act as structural templates for chirality-specific growth of SWNTs. We have developed a new family of catalysts, tungsten-based intermetallic compounds, which have high melting points and very special crystal structures, to facilitate the growth of SWNTs with designed chirality. By the use of W6Co7 catalysts, (12,6) SWNTs were directly grown with purity higher than 92%. Both high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements and density functional theory simulations show that the selective growth of (12,6) tubes is due to a good structural match between the carbon atom arrangement around the nanotube circumference and the metal atom arrangement of (0 0 12) planes in the catalyst. Similarly, (16,0) SWNTs exhibit a good structural match to the (116) planes of the W6Co7 catalyst. By optimization of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) conditions, zigzag (16,0) SWNTs, which are generally known as a kinetically unfavorable species in CVD growth, were obtained with a purity of ∼80%. Generally speaking, the chirality-specific growth of SWNTs is realized by the cooperation of two factors: the structural match between SWNTs and the catalysts makes the growth of SWNTs with specific chirality thermodynamically favorable, and further manipulation of the CVD conditions results in optimized growth kinetics for SWNTs with this designed chirality. We expect that this advanced epitaxial growth strategy will pave the way for the ultimate goal of chirality-specified growth of SWNTs and will also be applicable in the controlled preparation of other nanomaterials.
An AER Contrast Retina with On-Chip Calibration

The paper presents a contrast retina microchip that provides its output as an AER (address event representation) stream. Contrast is computed as the ratio between pixel photocurrent and a local average between neighboring pixels obtained with a diffusive network. This current based computation produces a large mismatch between neighboring pixels, because the currents can be as low as a few pico amperes. Consequently, a compact calibration circuitry has been included to calibrate each pixel. The paper describes the design of the pixel with its contrast computation and calibration sections. Experimental results are provided for a prototype fabricated in a standard 0.35mum CMOS process.
Models of Resource Agility of an Enterprise

Agility is meant as a feature enabling the enterprise to use opportunities and avoid the threats. Agile enterprise is oriented on using the market opportunities. The ability is dependent on the resources the enterprise possesses or which are in its disposal. The resources can be classified into four following groups: material technologies, finance, social, and knowledge. In the paper the variety of state of resources are discussed to show their influence on the agility of enterprise. According to the four above categories of the resources the following models of agility are distinguished: technological, financial, social, and entrepreneurial. Each of the models presents the relation between the state of the resources and the both agility and business risk
Interallelic Class Switch Recombination Contributes Significantly to Class Switching in Mouse B Cells 1

Except for the expression of IgM and IgD, DNA recombination is constantly needed for the expression of other Ig classes and subclasses. The predominant path of class switch recombination (CSR) is intrachromosomal, and the looping-out and deletion model has been abundantly documented. However, switch regions also occasionally constitute convenient substrates for interchromosomal recombination, since it is noticeably the case in a number of chromosomal translocations causing oncogene deregulation in the course of lymphoma and myeloma. Although asymmetric accessibility of Ig alleles should theoretically limit its occurrence, interallelic CSR was shown to occur at low levels during IgA switching in rabbit, where the definition of allotypes within both V and C regions helped identify interchromosomally derived Ig. Thus, we wished to evaluate precisely interallelic CSR frequency in mouse B cells, by using a system in which only one allele (of b allotype) could express a functional VDJ region, whereas only interallelic CSR could restore expression of an excluded (a allotype) allele. In our study, we show that interchromosomal recombination of VH and Cγ or Cα occurs in vivo in B cells at a frequency that makes a significant contribution to physiological class switching: trans-association of VH and CH genes accounted for 7% of all α mRNA, and this frequency was about twice higher for the γ3 transcripts, despite the much shorter distance between the JH region and the Cγ3 gene, thus confirming that this phenomenon corresponded to site-specific switching and not to random recombination between long homologous loci.
Comet assay in human biomonitoring studies: Reliability, validation, and applications

The comet assay (single‐cell gel electrophoresis), which measures DNA strand breaks at the level of single cells, is very easily applied to human lymphocytes, and therefore lends itself to human biomonitoring studies. For the examination of DNA base oxidation (a specific marker of oxidative damage), the assay is modified by including a stage at which the DNA is incubated with a suitable lesion‐specific endonuclease. Here we report on the reliability and reproducibility of this approach, from the level of comparing results from duplicate gels prepared from the same sample of cells, up to an assessment of the natural intra‐ and interindividual variability in lymphocyte DNA damage measured in groups of normal, healthy human volunteers. We applied the assay in investigations of human disease and occupational exposure of factory workers. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 30:139–146, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbocation-forming reactions in ionic liquids.

A number of trifluoroacetates, mesylates, and triflates have been studied in ionic liquids. Several lines of evidence indicate that all of these substrates react via ionization to give carbocationic intermediates. For example, cumyl trifluoroacetates give mainly the elimination products, but the Hammett rho+ value of -3.74 is consistent with a carbocationic process. The analogous exo-2-phenyl-endo-3-deutero-endo-bicyclo[2.2. 1]hept-2-yl trifluoroacetate gives an elimination where loss of the exo-hydrogen occurs from a cationic intermediate. 1-Adamantyl mesylate and 2-adamantyl triflate react to give simple substitution products derived from capture of 1- and 2-adamantyl carbocations by the residual water in the ionic liquid. The triflate derivative of pivaloin, trans-2-phenylcyclopropylcarbinyl mesylate, 2,2-dimethoxycyclobutyl triflate, the mesylate derivative of diethyl (phenylhydroxymethyl)-thiophosphonate, and Z-1-phenyl-5-trimethylsilyl-3-penten-1-yl trifluoroacetate all give products derived carbocation rearrangements (kDelta processes). anti-7-Norbornenyl mesylate gives products with complete retention of configuration, indicative of involvement of the delocalized 7-norbornenyl cation. 1,6-Methano[10]annulen-11-yl triflate reacts in [BMIM][NTf2] to give 1,6-methano[10]annulen-11-ol, along with naphthalene, an oxidized product derived from loss of trifluoromethanesulfinate ion. Analogous loss of CF3SO2- can be seen in reaction of PhCH(CF3)OTf. Ionic liquids are therefore viable solvents for formation of carbocationic intermediates via kC and kDelta processes.