Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New methods for estimating poleward eddy heat transport using satellite altimetry

The role of ocean eddies in redistributing heat from the tropics to the poles remains a poorly constrained feature of the global energy balance. Attempts to monitor poleward eddy heat transport using satellite altimetry are severely limited by the sparseness of the observations in the vertical and the horizontal as well as in time, and consequently underrepresent heat transport by mesoscale eddies, particularly at high latitudes. In this article, we examine a suite of cheap, skillful, and robust filtering strategies for estimating poleward heat transport in idealized, eddy-resolving simulations of oceanic turbulence at high and low latitudes. A range of observation scenarios are considered, allowing us to explore the interplay of eddy length and time scales with the spatiotemporal resolution capability of satellite observations. We show that, by extracting high-wavenumber information aliased into the low wavenumber band, one can derive “superresolved” velocity fields from sparse satellite observations, increasing the effective resolution of altimetric maps by a factor of four or more. As a result, the measured magnitude and temporal variability of the poleward eddy heat transport is much closer to the true value. The speed and stability of the filters are also dramatically increased by employing stochastic turbulence models for the unresolved scales, effectively parameterizing them with a model that can be learned “on-the-fly” from the satellite observations themselves. Implications for estimating poleward eddy heat transport using current and next-generation altimeters are discussed. Estimating poleward eddy heat transport 1
Identification of non-parametric probabilistic models from measured transfer functions

This paper addresses the inversion of probabilistic models for the dynamical behaviour of structures using experimental data sets of measured frequency-domain transfer functions. The inversion is formulated as the minimization, with respect to the unknown parameters to be identified, of an objective function that measures a distance between the data and the model. Two such distances are proposed, based on either the loglikelihood function, or the relative entropy. As a comprehensive example, a probabilistic model for the dynamical behaviour of a slender beam is inverted using simulated data. The methodology is then applied to a civil and environmental engineering case history involving the identification of a probabilistic model for ground-borne vibrations from real experimental data.
Constraints on olivine‐rich rock types on the Moon as observed by Diviner and M3: Implications for the formation of the lunar crust

We place upper limits on lunar olivine abundance using midinfrared (5–25 µm) data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (Diviner) along with effective emissivity spectra of mineral mixtures in a simulated lunar environment. Olivine‐bearing, pyroxene‐poor lithologies have been identified on the lunar surface with visible‐near‐infrared (VNIR) observations. Since the Kaguya Spectral Profiler (SP) VNIR survey of olivine‐rich regions is the most complete to date, we focus this work on exposures identified by that study. We first confirmed the locations with VNIR data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) instrument. We then developed a Diviner olivine index from our laboratory data which, along with M3 and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera wide‐angle camera data, was used to select the geographic area over which Diviner emissivity data were extracted. We calculate upper limits on olivine abundance for these areas using laboratory emissivity spectra of anorthite‐forsterite mixtures acquired under lunar‐like conditions. We find that these exposures have widely varying olivine content. In addition, after applying an albedo‐based space weathering correction to the Diviner data, we find that none of the areas are unambiguously consistent with concentrations of forsterite exceeding 90 wt %, in contrast to the higher abundance estimates derived from VNIR data.
Mechanisms of endothelial cell dysfunction in Wegener´s granulomatosis

__________________________________________________________ 9 BACKGROUND _______________________________________________________ 10 Autoimmunity _____________________________________________________ 10 INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________________ 11 Wegener’s granulomatosis – a vasculitis disease _________________________ 11 Signs and symptoms _____________________________________________ 11 Diagnosis ______________________________________________________ 12 Treatment______________________________________________________ 12 ENDOTHELIAL CELLS _________________________________________________ 14 Heterogeneity of endothelial cells______________________________________ 14 Role of the endothelium in vasculitis ___________________________________ 15 The endothelium as a mediator of vasculitis ___________________________ 15 The endothelium as a target of tissue injury____________________________ 16 Damage by neutrophils _________________________________________ 16 Injury associated with anti endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) ____________ 16 Damage by the coagulant / thrombotic system _______________________ 17 Damage by other immunocompetent cells___________________________ 18 CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ____________________________________ 19 Origin of circulating endothelial cells ___________________________________ 19 Vascular injury: detachment of endothelial cells___________________________ 19 Characterization of circulating endothelial cells ___________________________ 19 Isolation of circulating endothelial cells _________________________________ 20 Circulating endothelial cells in vascular disorders _________________________ 21 INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES __________________________________________ 22 MHC class I – related chain A molecule (MICA) __________________________ 22 Vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) ___________________________________ 23 Chemokines ______________________________________________________ 24 AIMS OF THE PRESENT STUDY _________________________________________ 25 METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS __________________________________ 26 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION____________________________________________ 30 CONCLUSIONS_______________________________________________________ 34 POPULARVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING ____________________________ 35
BWOD FIDW AND BEHAVIOURAL STATES IN THE HUMAN FETUS

Doppler flow velocity waveforms in the fetal internal carotid artery were recorded in 21 normal pregnancies during fetal behavioural state lF (quiet sleep) and 2F (active sleep) according to Nijhuis et al (1982), from the 36th week of gestation onward. The present study confirms the earlier finding of a significant reduction of the pulsatility index (PI) in state 2F as compared to state lF at 37-38 weeks of gestation (van Eyck et al, 1987) and demonstrates that this difference in PI exists throughout the entire period, in which fetal behavioural states have been described. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that there is a significant reduction in PI of this vessel during the last four weeks of gestation, suggesting a haemodynamic redistribution, favouring blood supply to the brain during the latter weeks of gestation.
Friend or Foe? Memory and Expectancy Biases for Faces in Social Anxiety

Studies examining memory biases for threat in social anxiety (SA) have yielded mixed results. In the present study, memory and expectancy biases were tested using a novel face recognition paradigm designed to offset methodological challenges that have hampered previous research. Following a social threat induction, undergraduates with high (n = 40) and low (n = 40) levels of SA viewed a series of neutral faces randomly paired with positive or negative social feedback. Recognition memory was tested for previously encountered faces, and for the categorization of each encoded face as having been associated with negative (mean) or positive (nice) interpersonal statements. For new faces, participants were asked whether the person seemed mean or nice. Results provided no evidence of a general memory bias to threat in SA, but suggested that high SA individuals lack a positive expectancy bias toward new social partners. Implications are considered for cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal models of SA.
Unified Approach to Feature Extraction and Information Security for Image Processing Systems

This paper aims at evolving a novel approach for feature learning and information security by unifying Image Processing techniques and Image Encryption. Enhanced images are processed by edge detectors followed by segmentation using the Radon transform. These characteristics are then transformed to a multi-dimensional space using the Gabor Transform to obtain the required feature vector. The uniqueness and the preservation of the image features is found to be maximum using this form of representation. Further the acquired vector is transmitted by using matrix-based encryption techniques. In this paper, the unification of the two is done using a common matrix environment. With the proposed Singular Value Decomposition and Partition methods of encryption, the problem of pixel randomness is overcome as it requires the transmission of only the encoded feature vector. The unification provides a secure and accurate image transmission system.
Hunpars : A Rule-based Sentence Parser for Hungarian

The paper describes Hunpars, an experimental application for automatically parsing Hungarian natural language sentences. The parser is purely rule-based and has been developed as the third step in natural language processing, following morphological tagging and part-of-speech disambiguation. The project is experimental in that different processing algorithms may be selected for different sections of the grammar.
Oblique rifting at Tempe Fossae, Mars

[1] This work shows the results of a structural study of the faults observed at the Tempe Rift (northeastern Tharsis region), Mars. A new, detailed map of faults and fault systems was used to geometrically characterize the fracture architecture of the Tempe Rift and to measure fault length, displacement, and spacing data, to analyze the spatial distribution of fault centroids, and to investigate the fractal nature of fault trace maps. A comparison with analog models and the use of conventional techniques of fault population analysis show that the Tempe Rift was most probably generated under sinistral oblique-rifting processes, which highlights the importance of the presence of inherited fractures in the tectonic evolution of the Noachian crust. The angle between the extension direction and the rift axis varies along the Tempe Rift, ranging from 50°–60° at its central southern part to 66°–88° to the southwest. Fault scaling relationships are similar to those found at mid-ocean ridges on Earth with exponential fault length-frequency distributions. Localized, inhomogeneous deformation generated weakly interacting faults, spanning the entire thickness of the mechanical layer. This thickness decreased from southwest to northeast along the rift, along with distance from the central part of the Tharsis dome.
Infrared identification of 2XMM J191043.4+091629.4

Context. We report the infrared identification of the X-ray source 2XMM J191043.4+091629.4, which was detected by XMM-Newton/EPIC in the vicinity of the Galactic supernova remnant W49B. Aims. The aim of this work is to establish the nature of the X-ray source 2XMM J191043.4+091629.4 studying both the infrared photometry and spectroscopy of the companion. Methods. We analysed UKIDSS images around the best position of the X-ray source and obtained spectra of the best candidate using NICS in the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) 3.5-m telescope. We present photometric and spectroscopic TNG analyses of the infrared counterpart of the X-ray source, identifying emission lines in the K-band. The H-band spectra does not present any significant feature. Results. We have shown that the Brackett γ H i at 2.165 μm, and He i at 2.184 μm and at 2.058 μm are significantly present in the infrared spectrum. The CO bands are also absent from our spectrum. Based on these results and the X-ray characteristics of the source, we conclude that the infrared counterpart is an early B-type supergiant star with an E(B − V) = 7.6 ± 0.3 at a distance of 16.0 ± 0.5 kpc. This would be, therefore, the first high-mass X-ray binary in the Outer Arm at galactic longitudes of between 30 ◦ and 60 ◦ .
Potential Applications of Population Viability Analysis to Risk Assessment for Invasive Species

ABSTRACT Population viability analysis, the use of ecological models to assess a population's risk of extinction, plays an important role in contemporary conservation biology. The premise of this review is that models, concepts, and data analyses that yield results on extinction risk of threatened and endangered species can also tell us about establishment risks of potentially invasive species. I briefly review important results for simple unstructured models, demographic models, and spatial models, giving examples of the application of each type of model to invasive species, and general conclusions about the applicability of each type of model to risk analysis for invasive species. The examples illustrate a portion of the range of potential applications of such models to invasive species, and some of the types of predictions that they can provide. They also highlight some of the limitations of such models. Finally, I present several conjectures and open research questions concerning the application of population viability analyses to risk analysis and control of invasive species.
Mercury-and copper-induced lysosomal membrane destabilisation depends on [ Ca 2 + ] i dependent phospholipase A 2 activation

Heavy metals are environmental pollutants able to produce different cellular effects, such as an alteration of Ca 2+ h meostasis and lysosomal membrane destabilisation. The latter is one of the most used stress indices in biomonitoring programs. Recently, it has been demonstrated that cytosolic calcium increase can modulate lysosomal membrane destabilisation via activation of Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). The aim of this work was to investigate the possible involvement of Ca 2+-activ ted PLA2 in lysosomal membrane destabilisation induced by heavy metals in mussel haemolymph cells. We have studied the effects of Hg2+ and Cu2+ on free cytosolic calcium using Fura2/AM-loaded cells and lysosomal membrane destabilisation using neutral red (NR) staining. Hg 2+ induced a [Ca 2+]i rise from 100 to 780 nM in 30 min, and a lysosome destaining of 70% after 60 min that indicates destabilisation of lysosomal membranes. Both effects were reduced in a Ca 2+-free medium, suggesting a cause-effect relationship. Exposure to Cu 2+ produced the same effects, but with an intensity of about 50% respect to Hg 2+. Metal-induced lysosomal destabilisation was also reduced in cells pre-exposed to a specific Ca 2+-dependent cPLA2 inhibitor (AACOCF3). Conversely, haemocyte pretreatment with a Ca 2+-independent PLA2 inhibitor (bromoenol-lactone (BEL)) did not prevent the destabilizing effect of heavy metals on lysosomes. Exposure to heavy metals also produced an increase in lysosomal volume of 1.8–2-folds, that was prevented by pre-incubation with AACOCF3 but not with BEL. These data indicate an involvement of cPLA2 in lysosomal membrane destabilisation induced by heavy metals. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Dict Layer: A Structured Dictionary Layer

Dictionary learning and deep learning both have played important roles in computer vision. Dictionary learning strives to learn best representative atoms to reconstruct the source images or signals. Alternating iterative methods are developed to solve such problems. On the other hand, deep learning performs in an end-to-end mode, where both feature extraction and classification are achieved simultaneously. Obviously, the scheme of deep learning is different from that of traditional dictionary learning which is shallow and focuses more on data reconstruction. However, studies on building a deep layer-stacked model imply that there could be a relationship between them. In this paper, the relationship between dictionary learning and deep learning is studied. Dictionary learning can be viewed as a special full connection layer (FC Layer) of deep learning. According to the relationship, we try to introduce those mature improvements from dictionary learning to deep learning. Hence, a new kind of layer named as Dict Layer is introduced in this paper, where the idea of structured dictionary is adopted. In Dict Layer, neural units (coefficients) are class specified, which means the activated neural units are encouraged to be the same class. The proposed method is evaluated on MNIST, CIFAR-10 and SVHN as an improvement of FC Layer. Experiments on AR and Extended YaleB are conducted where Dict Layer is viewed as a special form of dictionary learning method. Results show that the outputs of Dict Layer are more discriminative and class specific than that of the traditional FC Layer.
The unusual X-ray emission of the short Swift GRB 090515: evidence for the formation of a magnetar?

The majority of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) are thought to originate from the merger of compact binary systems collapsing directly to form a black hole. However, it has been proposed that both SGRBs and long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) may, on rare occasions, form an unstable millisecond pulsar (magnetar) prior to final collapse. GRB 090515, detected by the Swift satellite was extremely short, with a T90 of 0.036 ± 0.016 s, and had a very low fluence of 2 × 10−8 erg cm−2 and faint optical afterglow. Despite this, the 0.3–10 keV flux in the first 200 s was the highest observed for an SGRB by the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT). The X-ray light curve showed an unusual plateau and steep decay, becoming undetectable after ∼500 s. This behaviour is similar to that observed in some long bursts proposed to have magnetars contributing to their emission. In this paper, we present the Swift observations of GRB 090515 and compare it to other gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the Swift sample. Additionally, we present optical observations from Gemini, which detected an afterglow of magnitude 26.4 ± 0.1 at T+ 1.7 h after the burst. We discuss potential causes of the unusual 0.3–10 keV emission and suggest it might be energy injection from an unstable millisecond pulsar. Using the duration and flux of the plateau of GRB 090515, we place constraints on the millisecond pulsar spin period and magnetic field.
A Personalized and Platform-Independent Behavior Control System for Social Robots in Therapy: Development and Applications

Social robots have been proven beneficial in different types of healthcare interventions. An ongoing trend is to develop (semi-)autonomous socially assistive robotic systems in healthcare context to improve the level of autonomy and reduce human workload. This paper presents a behavior control system for social robots in therapies with a focus on personalization and platform-independence. This system architecture provides the robot an ability to behave as a personable character, which behaviors are adapted to user profiles and responses during the human–robot interaction. Robot behaviors are designed at abstract levels and can be transferred to different social robot platforms. We adopt the component-based software engineering approach to implement our proposed architecture to allow for the replaceability and reusability of the developed components. We introduce three different experimental scenarios to validate the usability of our system. Results show that the system is potentially applicable to different therapies and social robots. With the component-based approach, the system can serve as a basic framework for researchers to customize and expand the system for their targeted healthcare applications.
1 DNA Aptamers for Functionalisation of DNA 2 Origami Nanostructures 3

DNA origami has emerged in recent years as a powerful technique for designing and 12 building 2D and 3D nanostructures. While the breadth of structures that have been produced is 13 impressive, one of the remaining challenges, especially for DNA origami structures intended to 14 carry out useful biomedical tasks in vivo, is to endow them with the ability to detect and respond 15 to molecules of interest. Target molecules may be disease indicators or cell surface receptors, and 16 the responses may include conformational changes leading to release of therapeutically relevant 17 cargo. Nucleic acid aptamers are ideally suited to this task and are beginning to be used in DNA 18 origami designs. In this review we consider examples of uses of DNA aptamers in DNA origami 19 structures and summarise what is currently understood regarding aptamer-origami integration. We 20 review three major roles for aptamers in such applications: protein immobilisation, triggering of 21 structural transformation, and cell targeting. Finally, we consider future perspectives for DNA 22 aptamer integration with DNA origami. 23
DSCC 2016-9842 ON AERIAL INDOOR POSITION CONTROL AND SYSTEM INTEGRATION FOR QUADCOPTERS USING LIDARS AND INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS

The main contribution of this paper is to introduce a computationally efficient iterative closest line (ICL) algorithm for determining indoor position drift of a quadcopter using minimal lidar data. In addition, we present the system-level design and implementation of a new quadcopter both as hardware and flight control algorithms. Such a platform allows us to develop and experiment new control and system optimization techniques. As an example, we discuss how the proposed ICL algorithm is used for position hold and control purposes by plugging it into the low level implementation of the flight control algorithm of the quadcopter. For testing and validation we use simulations with real world data. As part of the system-level design aspects, we present an investigation of the quadcopter power consumption. We are interested in power consumption because it is the major factor that determines the flight time of a typical quadcopter. We believe that this work is a contribution toward achieving better quadcopter design and control for indoor autonomous navigation.
Adaptive histogram modification for enhancement the visual quality of latent fingerprints

In the paper is presented new method for histogram modification aimed at the enhancement of the visual quality of latent fingerprints. Specific for the method is that the most important visual information is retained because in result of the processing some of the brightness values in the original image change their places in the histogram while other brightness values, corresponding with the image background, are merged. The image obtained in result, answers the requirements of the ISO/IEC SC37 standard and provides better abilities for further image processing such as fingerprints recognition and identification. The main advantage of the new method is that unlike other methods for fingerprints enhancement, based on some kind of image filtration or contrast enhancement, the presented new method improves the visual quality of the processed image, retaining the fingerprint minutiae unchanged.