Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography-based joint locations affect calculation of joint moments during gait when compared to scaling approaches

Hip joint moments are an important parameter in the biomechanical evaluation of orthopaedic surgery. Joint moments are generally calculated using scaled generic musculoskeletal models. However, due to anatomical variability or pathology, such models may differ from the patient's anatomy, calling into question the accuracy of the resulting joint moments. This study aimed to quantify the potential joint moment errors caused by geometrical inaccuracies in scaled models, during gait, for eight test subjects. For comparison, a semi-automatic computed tomography (CT)-based workflow was introduced to create models with subject-specific joint locations and inertial parameters. 3D surface models of the femora and hemipelves were created by segmentation and the hip joint centres and knee axes were located in these models. The scaled models systematically located the hip joint centre (HJC) up to 33.6 mm too inferiorly. As a consequence, significant and substantial peak hip extension and abduction moment differences were recorded, with, respectively, up to 23.1% and 15.8% higher values in the image-based models. These findings reaffirm the importance of accurate HJC estimation, which may be achieved using CT- or radiography-based subject-specific modelling. However, obesity-related gait analysis marker placement errors may have influenced these results and more research is needed to overcome these artefacts.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH INDICATORS AMONG CHILDREN IN AFRICAN DHS SURVEYS

The study analyses various sex differences observed among children in WFS and DHS surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Four outcome indicators are presented: neonatal mortality, postneonatal mortality, child mortality and prevalence of malnutrition. Three indicators of health seeking behaviour are presented: vaccination, oral rehydration therapy and duration of breast-feeding. The statistical analysis focuses on comparison of the observed distributions of the sex ratios to theoretical distributions expected from the sample sizes of the various surveys. The results show the absence of any difference in health seeking behaviour between boys and girls, whether for preventive medicine (vaccination), curative medicine (oral rehydration therapy) or feeding practices (breast-feeding). On the other hand, mortality appears to be consistently higher for boys, more so among neonates (+28%) than among 1–12-month-olds (+8%) and 1–4-year-olds (+4%), and similarly malnutrition appears to be more prevalent among boys (+5%). The contrast between the lack of differences in behavioural indicators and the significant differences in outcome indicators suggests a biological causality. Results are discussed in the light of biological factors.
Human and Mouse Gene Nomenclature

Standard genetic nomenclature is necessary to help researchers, clinicians, and the public to access data on their genes of interest, and to communicate in a globally understood language of approved gene symbols. In both human and mouse, one unique symbol (acronym/abbreviation) and one name are assigned for each gene. Co‐ordination between human and mouse gene nomenclature is a successful endeavor, due in part to the historical interaction between the two nomenclature committee groups. This interaction grew out of the Human Gene Mapping (HGM) Workshops. This appendix discusses development and organization of gene nomenclature, how to find a gene and how to name a new gene.
Algorithm for Fire Detection Using Image Processing and Color Recognition

In today’s world we find it is mandatory to have a fire extinguisher in every building according to the norms of government. But when there is fire breakout there is chaos and confusion of either vacating the area or turning on the fire extinguisher and extinguishing the fire, for that proper training must be required and given to the employees or personal residing in the building in order to turn on the extinguisher. So we have overcome this problem, which would detect the fire automatically and directly turn on the extinguisher on its own.By using different image processing techniques fire can be detected effectively. In this technique, images like photographs or frames are the inputs and output may be either an image characteristics or image. By using image processing various tasks like image segmentation, smoothing, recognizing multiple and different patterns can be performed. Image processing greatly help to detect fire in a good manner also avoid dangerous situation according to the output. This paper describes different methods used for fire detection.
The Effect of Nose Radius on Cutting Force and Temperature during Machining Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)

This paper presents a study the effect of nose radius (Rz-mm) on cutting force components and temperatures during the machining simulation in an orthogonal cutting process for titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). The cutting process was performed at various nose radiuses (Rz-mm) while the depth of cut (d-mm), feed rate (fmm/tooth) and cutting speed (vc-m/ min) were remained constant. The main cutting force (Fc), feed cutting force (Ft) and temperatures were estimated by using finite element modeling (FEM) through ABAQUS/EXPLICIT software and the simulation was developed the two-dimension via an orthogonal cutting process during machining titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). The results led to the conclusion that the nose radius (Rz-mm) has affected directly on the cutting force components. However, temperature gave no indication or has no significant relation with nose radius during machining titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Hence, any increase or decrease in the nose radius (Rzmm) during machining operation led to effect on the cutting forces and thus it will be effective on surface finish, quality, and quantity of products. Keywords—Finite element modeling (FEM), nose radius, cutting force, temperature, titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V).
Cross-resistance, relatedness and allele analysis of fluoroquinolone-resistant US clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (1998-2000).

OBJECTIVES To detect relatedness among 68 (0.5%) of 13 795 US clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the TRUST 3 (1998-1999) and TRUST 4 (1999-2000) surveillance studies that were resistant to levofloxacin (MIC > or = 8 mg/l). METHODS All levofloxacin-resistant isolates were analysed by broth microdilution reference method for susceptibility to four fluoroquinolones, DNA sequencing of quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase genes, serotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS All levofloxacin-resistant isolates were ciprofloxacin resistant (MIC > or = 4 mg/l, FDA breakpoint) and non-susceptible to gatifloxacin (MIC > or = 2 mg/l); 62 were non-susceptible to moxifloxacin (MIC > or = 2 mg/l). Resistant isolates were in 48 (20%) of 238 institutions in 29 states. Three institutions had levofloxacin-resistant isolates in both surveillance studies. Among the resistant isolates were 17 serotypes and 48 different PFGE patterns. Fourteen isolates had PFGE patterns closely related to the Spain(23F)-1 clone; one strain had a PFGE pattern closely related to the French(9V)-3 clone. All levofloxacin-resistant isolates had two or more mutations within the QRDR of parC, parE, gyrA and gyrB. CONCLUSIONS US levofloxacin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates were rare and most were unrelated with minimal clonal spread, and were associated with multiple QRDR mutations with extensive cross-resistance noted among fluoroquinolones.
The Genotoxic Effects of Logran on Hordeum vulgare L. and Triticum aestivum L.

In the present study, the cytogenetic effects of the herbicide Logran on root tip cells of Triticum aestivum L. and Hordeum vulgare L. and changes of total protein content in root tip meristems were studied. The seeds of plants were treated with various concentrations of Logran (125, 250, 500 µg/ml) for 3 and 6 h. The percentages of abnormal cells were seen to increase with increasing treatment period and concentrations. The most dominant types of observed abnormalities were C-mitosis, distributed metaphase and anaphase, stickiness. All the used concentrations of Logran significantly induced a number of chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells of Hordeum vulgare L. and Triticum aestivum L. Logran also decreased mitotic index. The decrease of protein content in root tips of Triticum aestivum L. is significant at all the treated concentrations and treatment periods when compared with control.
Antibiotic sensitivity pattern in bacterial endocarditis.

Seventyone blood cultures were taken from suspected cases of infective endocarditis. The positive cultures were isolated for study of their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Gentamycin was found to be the most effective. Cloxacillin, chloramphenicol, Vibramycin, Tetracyclin, Erythromycin were next in order. The incidence of bacteria probably susceptible to high dose schedules and those demonstrating complete resistance was also determined (JPMA 33:129, 1983).
A media analysis approach to evaluating national health information infrastructure development

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate electronic health record (EHR) initiatives at the national/external level. Governments are investing large amounts of money in national EHR systems. These systems are socially and politically complex and a variety of stakeholders (e.g. at the individual, organisational or national level) have an interest in evaluating such systems from technical, economic or patient outcome perspectives. In cognisance of academic research in the area, this paper presents an approach which uses the perspective of one particular type of professional critic, the media, to identify issues and evaluate their impact at a national level.Design/methodology/approach – The work is conducted using an established evaluation framework and formal content analysis of selected relevant articles from the quality press of three selected countries.Findings – Different issues take prominence in centralised vs decentralised EHR approaches. In countries with a decentralised approach issues of .
Closed-Form Approximations for Coverage Probability of Multistream MIMO-ZFBF Receivers in HetNets

The evaluation of the coverage probability of multistream multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications in HetNets subject to noise, fading, and intercell interference is undoubtedly intricate. Unfortunately, the current literature misses its comprehensive evaluation, as the effects of noise and cross-stream correlation are often overlooked. Furthermore, computationally friendly expressions of the coverage probability allowing engineering insights and adaptive system design are lacking. For multistream MIMO zero-forcing beamforming, in this paper we tackle these issues by considering scenarios where a receiver is in the coverage if all of its data-streams are successfully decoded. Assuming the max signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) cell association (CA), we adopt the stochastic geometry tools to provide an upper bound and an easy-to-compute closed-form lower bound on the coverage probability, while their accuracies are confirmed against extensive simulations. Our contributions are as follows. We prove that full correlation of data streams of a given link slightly reduces the coverage performance. We show that from a coverage probability perspective, the single stream communication is preferable. We exploit our analysis to explore several pertinent design issues, which have not fully discussed in the literature. Our results demonstrate tradeoffs between densification and multiplexing gains. We, further, see that by appropriately designating feedback channel with modest capacity 8 bits per frame per user, the spatial throughput grows by nearly 180 $\%$ over the conventional 1-bit feedback scenario. Finally, We present important extensions of our analysis to underlay spectrum sharing, practical aspects of the max-SINR CA, and a nonhomogeneous path loss environment.
RobotDroid: A Lightweight Malware Detection Framework On Smartphones

Smartphones have been widely used in recent years due to their capabilities of communication and multimedia processing, thus they also become attack targets of malware. Threat of malicious software has become an important factor in the safety of smartphones. Android is the most popular open-source smartphone operating system and its permission declaration access control mechanisms can’t detect the behavior of malware. In this paper, a new software behavior signature based malware detection framework named RobotDroid using SVM active learning algorithm is proposed, active learning algorithm is very efficient in solving a small amount of labeled samples and unlabeled samples posed a lot of mixed sample training set classify problems, as a result, RobotDroid can detect kinds of malicious software and there variants effective ly in runtime and it can self extend malware characteristics database dynamically. E xperimental results show that the approach has high detection rate and low rate of false
A robust and parallel-friendly distance image based hand detection

Hand detection plays an important role in Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Most of the existing hand detection methods rely on the contour shape of hand after skin color segmentation. Such contour shape based approaches, however, are easily distorted by noises and other skin color segments. In this paper, we present a distance image based approach using CPU-GPU heterogeneous computing. Our experiments demonstrate that our proposed distance image based hand detection is robust and fast, reaching up to 97.32% palm detection rate where 80.36% of cases have more than 3 fingers detected on commodity processors. We also achieved 5.0 times speed-up for 320×240 images, and 17.5 times for 640×480 images.
Low genetic structure in an epiphytic Orchidaceae (Oncidium hookeri) in the Atlantic rainforest of South-eastern Brazil.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oncidium hookeri is a neotropical species of epiphytic Orchidaceae found in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest at the top of the Mantiqueira Range of mountains. The genetic variation of O. hookeri was studied to assess the distribution of genetic variability within and among six populations localized in Atlantic rainforest remnants. Gene flow among populations and the occurrence of recent bottlenecks were investigated in order to infer the degree of isolation of these populations. METHODS Thirteen polymorphic loci were used for allozyme electrophoresis. The data were analysed by means of standard statistical approaches, to estimate gene diversity and the genetic structure of the populations. KEY RESULTS The mean gene diversity and allelic richness were H(e) = 0.099 and A = 1.75, respectively. F-statistics revealed high heterozygote deficiencies in all populations (F(IS) = 0.43-0.82). Several rare alleles were found in all the populations, and three populations presented private alleles. Low genetic differentiation among O. hookeri populations was detected (F(ST) = 0.029); natural selection may be involved in PGM locus differentiation among populations. The genetic differentiation between paired populations was low, bearing no correlation with geographic distance (Mantel test: r = -0.34, P = 0.72). Only two populations showed signs of recent bottlenecks. CONCLUSIONS The heterozygote deficiency found seems to be caused by pollinator behaviour; the low frequencies of several alleles of different loci can be maintained due to clonal propagation. Despite the stochastic nature of the wind-dispersal of seeds to long distances, this process may promote an effective gene flow among populations, thus avoiding genetic differentiation.
Exercise Testing in Severe Emphysema: Association with Quality of Life and Lung Function

Six-minute walk testing (6MWT) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) are used to evaluate impairment in emphysema. However, the extent of impairment in these tests as well as the correlation of these tests with each other and lung function in advanced emphysema is not well characterized. During screening for the National Emphysema Treatment Trial, maximum ergometer CPX and 6MWT were performed in 1,218 individuals with severe COPD with an average FEV1 of 26.9 ± 7.1 % predicted. Predicted values for 6MWT and CPX were calculated from reference equations. Correlation coefficients and multivariable regression models were used to determine the association between lung function, quality of life (QOL) scores, and exercise measures. The two forms of exercise testing were correlated with each other (r = 0.57, p < 0.0001). However, the impairment of performance on CPX was greater than on the 6MWT (27.6 ± 16.8 vs. 67.9 ± 18.9 % predicted). Both exercise tests had similar correlation with measures of QOL, but maximum exercise capacity was better correlated with lung function measures than 6-minute walk distance. After adjustment, 6MWD had a slightly greater association with total SGRQ score than maximal exercise (effect size 0.37 ± 0.04 vs. 0.25 ± 0.03 %predicted/unit). Despite advanced emphysema, patients are able to maintain 6MWD to a greater degree than maximum exercise capacity. Moreover, the 6MWT may be a better test of functional capacity given its greater association with QOL measures whereas CPX is a better test of physiologic impairment.
Improved resolution of the human adipose tissue proteome at alkaline and wide range pH by the addition of hydroxyethyl disulfide

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a very common disease affecting 6.5% of women. It is frequently associated with obesity with the link between the two disorders being insulin resistance. From morbidly obese women submitted to surgical treatment of obesity, we obtain intra‐abdominal adipose tissue samples in order to compare protein patterns between women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) analysis. Adipose tissue is a complex material extremely rich in lipids. To improve protein solubilization a lysis buffer containing 8.4 M urea, 2.4 M thiourea, 5% 3‐((3‐cholamidoproyl)dimethyl‐amino)‐1‐propanesulfonate and 50 mM dithiothreitol was used and samples were centrifuged to remove fat. Hydroxyethyl disulfide was added to increase resolution in the alkaline region (Olsson, I., Larsson, K., Palmgren, R., Bjellqvist, B., Proteomics 2002, 2, 1630–1632) and it also improved resolution in a wide pH range (3–10). Our work shows for the first time 2‐DE maps of human adipose tissue and identifies some of the proteins by mass spectrometry. This information will aid studies on metabolic diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
A configuration for high flow rate, high efficiency and low pressure loss micromachined active air filtration element for airborne micro-nanoscale particles separation and removal

To address the demand for high performance localized air filtration systems, we developed a configuration for high flow rate, high efficiency and low pressure loss micromachined active air filtration element for airborne micro-nanoscale particles separation and removal. It consumes low power of less than 4 mW and is able to operate at a flow rate of 1.6L/min per device. The unipolar charger and separator electrodes are fabricated on the same substrate for close proximity to minimize charge loss due to particle diffusion. A straight air channel with uniform cross-section between the inlet and outlet minimizes pressure loss, maximizes operational flow rate, and ensures laminar flow for effective particle separation and removal. A flow divider before the outlet physically separates the particle-laden and cleaned air before they exit the separator electrodes' electric field.
Localized chemical reactivity in double-stranded DNA associated with the intercalative binding of benzo[e]pyridoindole and benzo[g]pyridoindole triple-helix-stabilizing ligands.

Footprinting with methidiumpropyl-EDTA.FeII has been used to map the binding sites on duplex DNA of two closely related benzopyridoindole derivatives which selectively stabilize triple-helical DNA-oligonucleotide complexes. Both ligands bind to many sites, including certain oligopurine.oligopyrimidine tracts, with a weak preference for some (but not all) sequences rich in A.T base pairs. This indifference to primary sequence, with evidence of binding to the commonly disfavoured (A)n. (T)ntracts, may at least partially explain why the ligands stabilize triplex structures composed of T.A.T pairings. Neither 3-methoxy-7H-8-methyl-11- [(3'amino)propylamino]benzo[e]pyrido[4, 3-b]indole (BePI) nor 3- methoxy-7-[3'-diethylamino)propylamino]-10-methyl-11H- benzo[g]pyrido[4,3-b]indole (BgPI) affect the reaction of dimethyl sulphate or potassium tetrachloropalladinate with the N7 of purines in the major groove, but both enhance the reactivity of purines (mostly adenine residues) towards diethylpyrocarbonate, both proximal and distal to their identified binding sites. With potassium permanganate and osmium tetroxide/pyridine, probes for the accessibility of the 5,6 double bond of pyrimidine residues, BgPI has a more potent effect than BePI and, generally, the reaction with KMnO4 is more pronounced than that with OsO4. BgPI conspicuously potentiates the oxidation of pyrimidines in the triplet sequences 3'-ATA, 3'-GTA and 3'-GCA, whereas BePI enhances the reactivity of OsO4 towards thymine in sequences 3'-ATYR, with no effect on cytosine residues. Thus, despite their structural homology and common lack of specific sequence preferences, the two benzopyridoindole derivatives induce distinct conformational changes in duplex DNA, not just within the sites where footprints can be detected.
Multigrid solution methods for nonlinear time-dependent systems

An efficient, accurate and reliable numerical solver is essential for solving complex mathematical models and obtaining their computational approximations. The solver presented in this work is built upon nonlinear multigrid with the full approximation scheme (FAS). Its implementation is achieved, in part, using a complex, open source software library PARAMESH, and the resulting numerical solver, Campfire, also combines with adaptive mesh refinement, adaptive time stepping and parallelization through domain decomposition. There are five mathematical models considered in this work, ranging from applications such as binary alloy solidification and fluid dynamics to a multi-phase-field model of tumour growth. These mathematical models consist of nonlinear, time-dependent and coupled partial differential equations (PDEs). Using our adaptive, parallel multigrid solver, together with finite difference method (FDM) and backward differentiation formulas (BDF), we are able to solve all five models in computationally demanding 2-D and/or 3-D situations. Due to the choice of second order central finite difference and second order BDF2 method, we obtain, and demonstrate, solutions with an overall second order convergence rate and optimal multigrid convergence. In the case of the multi-phase-field model of tumour growth, this has not previously been achieved. The novelties of our work also include solving the model of binary alloy solidification with a time-dependent temperature field in 3-D for the first time; implementing non-time-dependent equations alongside the coupled time-dependent partial differential equations (and increasing the range of boundary conditions) to significantly increase the generality and range of applicability of the described multigrid solver; improving the efficiency of the implementation of the solver through multiple developments; and introducing penalty terms to smoothly control the behaviour of phase variables where their range of valid values is constrained.