Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response to Farjoun's ‘Strategy making, novelty, and analogical reasoning — commentary on Gavetti, Levinthal, and Rivkin (2005)’

In his thoughtful commentary on our 2005 paper (Gavetti, Levinthal, and Rivkin, 2005), Farjoun offers three critiques and extensions. First, he suggests our approach should have explicitly considered a constructionist logic. Second, Farjoun argues that we have neglected the full array of modes of cognition between rational choice and feedback‐based adaptive learning and have therefore overstated the role of our focal mode, reasoning by analogy. Third, he highlights some of the contingencies under which the various modes of cognition he identifies are effective. In response, we address each point. We first argue that a constructionist perspective is not alien either to the role of analogical reasoning or to the particular modeling apparatus we have developed. We then suggest that despite the richness of modes of cognition that lie between rational choice and adaptive learning, theorizing about them requires simplification and the identification of underlying categories that classify such modes, which is the approach our paper employs. Finally, we clarify how our paper adopts the contingent logic advocated by Farjoun. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
44 Vision-Based Blind Spot Monitoring

These sections introduce a vision-based system designed for monitoring the area that a driver cannot see from exterior mirrors, usually referred to as blind spot. This is a challenging task that requires to discriminate from vehicles and background when both are not static and also to cope with usual automotive problems like camera vibrations and oscillations. The development of ADAS has involved an improvement of the safety on the road, ensuring vehicle reliability and supporting driver for accidents preventing, as seen in the previous chapters. Particularly, some studies have been focused on the assistance during lane change, monitoring the area covered by the blind spot, which drivers are unable to see in the exterior mirrors (> Fig. 44.1). If the system detects an overtaking vehicle in the dangerous zone, visual and acoustic signals warn the driver about the risk of collision. Radar technology and laser scanner are sometimes employed for the lane changing assistance, although they do not guarantee always a complete representation of the scene: When the vehicle is pitching down or up, the laser beam hits the ground or points to the sky, making data acquisition worthless. Moreover, in complex scenario, like urban road traffic, the radar has limited functionalities because its reliability depends on the radar cross section of the object to identify. For this reason, vision data fusion is necessary to provide high-resolution performance. A common choice for the blind spot monitoring is the using of a camera mounted on the wing mirror (> Fig. 44.2) in order to extend the driver’s view.
Channel Models for Terrestrial Wireless Communications: a Survey

The demand for wireless communications systems is ever increasing in all the human-life activities. Anyway, the high diffusion rate of this technology provoked some confusion in the user, as the industry developed many different wireless systems and services, which often were not able to interact each other. A WLAN (wireless local area network) is a local area network (LAN) that uses high-frequency radio links instead of terrestrial wires to communicate among nodes. It allows mobile users to connect to a LAN through a wireless radio frequency (RF) connection. This technology provides connectivity also where wiring is impossible or costly. Wireless technology can range from WLANs and cellular networks to headphones and microphones connections. It includes infrared (IR) devices, such as remote controls, cordless keyboards, and mice, all of which have a transmitter and a receiver. The aim of this tutorial is to introduce readers to wireless channel models, by providing a selection of the most popular ones. The types of fading typical of the wireless environment are also presented, together with the relevant propagation models. The author is currently carrying out vast indoor and outdoor measurement campaigns at the packet level, in order to define channel models derived from the measures collected. A few preliminary results of this activity are also presented. ireless networks have become increasingly popular due to their ease deployment and low cost, compared to wired networks. The mobile radio channel places strong limitations on the performance of wireless communication systems because the transmission principles in wireless communications are dramatically more complex than those of wired networks. The transmission path between the transmitter and the receiver can vary from a simple line of sight (LOS) to a line that is severely obstructed by buildings, mountains, or foliage. Unlike wired channels, whose characteristics are stationary and predictable, radio channels performance is extremely variable and not treatable with a simple analysis. Modelling a radio channel has been one of the most difficult parts in the mobile radio system design, and it is based on measurements specifically made for an intended communication system. Propagation models are the base for channel modelling, as they try to describe the way a radio signal changes during its travel from the transmitter to the receiver. Propagation models have traditionally focused on predicting the average signal strength at the receiver, set at a given distance from the transmitter, as well as the variability of the …
Dynamics of episodic transient correlations in currency exchange rate returns and their predictability

We study the dynamics of the linear and non-linear serial dependencies in financial time series in a rolling window framework. In particular, we focus on the detection of episodes of statistically significant two- and three-point correlations in the returns of several leading currency exchange rates that could offer some potential for their predictability. We employ a rolling window approach in order to capture the correlation dynamics for different window lengths and analyze the distributions of periods with statistically significant correlations. We find that for sufficiently large window lengths these distributions fit well to power-law behavior. We also measure the predictability itself by a hit rate, i.e. the rate of consistency between the signs of the actual returns and their predictions, obtained from a simple correlation-based predictor. It is found that during these relatively brief periods the returns are predictable to a certain degree and the predictability depends on the selection of the window length.
On the Origins of the Arrow of Time : Why There is Still a Puzzle about the Low Entropy Past 1

1. The most underrated discovery in the history of physics? Late in the nineteenth century, physics noticed a puzzling conflict between the laws of physics and what actually happens. The laws make no distinction between past and future—if they allow a process to happen one way, they allow it in reverse.1 But many familiar processes are in practice ‘irreversible’, common in one orientation but unknown ‘backwards’. Air leaks out of a punctured tyre, for example, but never leaks back in. Hot drinks cool down to room temperature, but never spontaneously heat up. Once we start looking, these examples are all around us—that’s why films shown in reverse often look odd. Hence the puzzle: What could be the source of this widespread temporal bias in the world, if the underlying laws are so even-handed? Call this the Puzzle of Temporal Bias, or PTB for short. It’s an oft-told tale how other puzzles of the late nineteenth century soon led to the two most famous achievements of twentieth century physics, relativity and quantum mechanics. Progress on PTB was much slower, but late in the twentieth century cosmology provided a spectacular answer, or partial answer, to this deep puzzle. Because the phenomena at the heart of PTB are so familiar, so ubiquitous, and so crucial to our own existence, the achievement is one of the most important in the entire history of physics. Yet it is littleknown and underrated, at least compared to the other twentieth century solutions to nineteenth century puzzles. Why is it underrated? Partly because people underestimate the original puzzle, or misunderstand it, and so don’t see what a big part of it is addressed by the new cosmology. And partly for a deeper, more philosophical reason, connected with the view that we don’t need to explain initial conditions. This has two effects. First, people undervalue the job done so far by cosmology, in telling us something very surprising
USING A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH TO SUPPORT THE DESIGN OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS

With increasing interest in sustainable design, the issue of energy-efficiency in the building design process is receiving ever more attention from designers and researchers. Greater access to building performance analysis results has led designers and researchers to increasingly address energy-efficiency concerns. However, the huge amount of performance analysis data that may be generated during the design process cannot easily be handled by traditional data analysis methods. The goal of this research is to develop a data-driven approach for the integrated design process, in order to help to improve the accuracy of performance analyses and also reduce the time required to complete such design iterations. We propose our method to include five step: 1) Requirement identification; 2) Building modelling; 3) Workflow implementation; 4) Simulation and data mining; 5) Evaluation and refinement. A case study demonstrates our data-driven workflow’s ability to guide the design process with high precision. Our approach can also be extended and applied to discover useful patterns in the building design process.
Hybrid NVM Enabled Datacenter Design and Optimization

Emerging non-volatile memories (NVMs) like battery-backed DRAM and phase-change memory offer durability at higher speeds than traditional storage. Each technology represents a different point in the cost, performance and endurance space. In this paper, we propose that storage intensive applications use more than one kind of NVM in configurable proportions to strike a balance between cost, performance and endurance. Furthermore, in virtualized environments, we show that a fixed ratio of different NVMs across co-located applications may not be ideal. We propose a new resource allocation and scheduling algorithm to enable cloud providers to help co-located applications use different proportions of NVM while meeting latency and capacity requirements. We evaluate the proposed design by simulating several storage intensive workloads and demonstrate average cost savings of 33% for cloud providers while degrading performance by only 4% and not violating any service-level agreements. Compared to conventional scheduling algorithms, the proposed scheduling algorithm reduces a cloud provider’s penalty cost and operation cost by more than 20%, 50%, and 50% at low, medium, and high server loads.
Women Make a Fraction of Every Euro Earned by Men...

Ce texte relate un effort d’estimation de la discrimination salariale selon le genre au moyen de donnees de firmes privees situees en Belgique, et couvrant la periode 2002-2010. Par rapport aux donnees individuelles sur les salaires, les donnees de firme presentent l’avantage de contenir une mesure independante et directe de la productivite. En utilisant le cadre analytique d’Hellerstein-Neumark, ces donnees permettent des estimations distinctes des ecarts salariaux et de productivite selon le genre, et aussi – chose cruciale s’agissant de discrimination salariale – du degre de (non-)alignement de ces ecarts. Les resultats sont essentiellement de deux ordres. Un, la discrimination salariale selon le genre estimee au moyen des donnees de firmes est faible comparativement a celle traditionnellement obtenue au moyen de donnees salariales individuelles. Deux, pour le secteur prive belge, au cours des annees 2000, elle n’est statistiquement significative que dans le cas des femmes travaillant sous contrat ouvrier.
A new look at the w-equation

SUMMARY In the conventional quasi-geostrophic form of the 'omega'cquation, the forcing of vertical velocity is usually expressed as the sum of two terms associated respectively with vorticity and temperature advection. Consideration of each term in isolation is misleading and there can be a large degree of cancellation. On the other hand, in Sutcliffe's development theory, this forcing is, in effect, represented by a single term. However, this is achieved at theexpense of neglecting another term which is dominant in frontal regions. An investiga- tion, based upon the governing equations, of the manner in which geostrophic balance tends to destroy itself, reveals a simple, concise, one-term representation of the geostrophic forcing of ageostrophic motion. Many of the traditional synoptic rules are then simple deductions from this theory. An application of the theory in the case of a rapidly developing system is demonstrated using a 700mb chart. 1. INTRODUCTION In
Internal Solitary Waves In A Two-layer Fluid WithSurface Tension

In this paper we investigate inter facial solitary waves in a two-layer fluid with surface tension. We show that generally the flow is governed by the K-dV equation. It is found that there are two thickness (depth) ratios (critical ratios) at which the K-dV equation ceases to be valid. For the first critical ratio the modified K-dV equation holds and for the other critical ratio the flow is governed by a higher order K-dV equation. Equations are also derived for thickness ratios which are in the neigbourhood of the critical thickness ratios. The effect of surface tension is observed by comparison with the results which were found under the assumption that surface tension is negligible.
P&D, INOVAÇÃO E PRODUTIVIDADE: EVIDÊNCIAS PARA EMPRESAS INDUSTRIAIS BRASILEIRAS

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the investment of Research and Development (R&D) on innovation, and this on the labor productivity of Brazilian industrial firms. This is a firm level analysis using data from the Innovation Survey (PINTEC), developed by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in the period from 2009 to 2011. The analyze is done using the econometric CDM model (CRÉPON et al., 1998). Among other evidence, it was found that the probability to innovate increases with a higher level of investment in R&D and that the level of productivity is positively affect by product innovation, but negatively influenced by the process innovation. Variations in the way of mensuration the innovation variable showed that the impact of process innovation on productivity becomes positive and statistically significant when isolated from product innovation effect.
A Virtual Open Organisational Platform ___________________________________________ for the Open Coop

This paper investigates possible solutions to the problems of governing virtual organisations in the context of one particular organisation, the Open Coop. Taking a process oriented approach to analysing organisations, the paper documents the process of designing and implementing an Open Source platform which enables virtual organisations to use a constraint-based notation to specify and enact their governance processes, define sub-groups, and allocate roles.
Emotion recognition from facial images using binary face relevance maps

This paper is focused on automatic emotion recognition from static grayscale images. Here, we propose a new approach to this problem, which combines a few other methods. The facial region is divided into small subregions, which are selected for processing based on a face relevance map. From these regions, local directional pattern histograms are extracted and concatenated into a single feature histogram, which is classified into one of seven defined emotional states using support vector machines. In our case, we distinguish: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutrality, sadness and surprise. In our experimental study we demonstrate that the expression recognition accuracy for Japanese Female Facial Expression database is one of the best compared with the results reported in the literature.
Pam and Blosum Matrices

In order to produce a n PAM matrix, many distinct pairs of sequences must be collected that are known to diverge by n PAM units. The sequences must then be aligned in pairs, and then for each amino acid pair (i and j), count the number of times that they align opposite each other, and divide by the total number of pairs in the aligned data, where f(i, j) is the resulting frequency. Also let f(i) be the number of times that i appears in all of the sequences. The
.^''^^'^x Ocvt^ Hd28 .m414 Working Paper Alfred P. Sloan School of Management Holding Costs and Equilibrium Arbitrage Holding Costs and Equilibrium Arbitrage Aug 2 7 \ Holding Costs and Equilibrium Arbitrage

In a world were trading is costless, assets with identical cash flows must have identical prices. If arbitrageurs face unit time costs, or holding costs, the prices of these assets need not be equal, i.e the assets can be relatively mispriced. This paper constructs a dynamic model of the equilibrium determination of prices under costly arbitrage. Our analysis reveals that: (i) Mispricing and arbitrage can exist in a market equilibrium. (ii) Riskless arbitrage arguments may not provide tight bounds around observed market prices. (iii) Arbitrage activity reduces equilibrium mispricing and is particularly effective when liquidity shocks are transient and conditionally volatile. Acknowledgments : We would like to thank John Heaton for helpful comments and suggestions. Also Jean-Luc Vila wishes to acknowledge flnancial support from the International Financial Services Research Center at the Sloan School of Management.
Der Einfluss von Kolloiden auf die Migration von Radionukliden

Ein Konzept fur die Endlagerung von hochradioaktiven Stoffen in einer tiefen geologischen Formation besteht aus einem Multibarrierensystem mit Bentonit als Puffer-/Versatz-Material und dem Wirtsgestein als geologische Barriere. Die geotechnische Barriere (kompaktierter Bentonit) liegt direkt neben der Wirtsgesteinsformation (z.B. Kristallin) vor und ein Kontakt zwischen Bentonit und wasserfuhrenden Kluften des Kristallins kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden. An der Grenzflache der durch Quellen des Bentonits entstandenen Gelschicht und des umgebenden Grundwassers konnen Kolloide abgelost werden, die eine mogliche Quelle fur den Radionuklidtransport von stark sorbierenden Actiniden darstellen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht drei Teilaspekte des kolloidalen Transports im Detail: (a) Kolloidstabilitat in der Mischwasserzone zwischen Granit-Grundwasser und Bentonit-Porenwasser sowie deren Beschreibung mittels DLVO-basierenden Ansatzes. (b) Kolloidgeneration und Bentoniterosion an der Grenzflache von kompaktiertem Bentonit und Granit-Grundwasser sowie die Neubildung in der Mischzone von Bentonit-Porenwasser und Granit-Grundwasser. (c) Wechselwirkung von U, Th, Hf, Tb, Eu und Cm mit Bentonitkolloiden oder Kolloid-Neubildungen in der Mischzone sowie Kolloidtransport und Mobilitat von Bentonitkolloiden in einer naturlichen Kluft.
Morphisms of CohFT algebras and quantization of the Kirwan map

We introduce a notion of morphism of CohFT algebras, based on the analogy with A-infinity morphisms. We discuss a "quantization" of the classical Kirwan morphism to a morphism of CohFT algebras from the equivariant quantum cohomology of a G-variety to the quantum cohomology of its git or symplectic quotient, and an example relating to the orbifold quantum cohomology of a compact toric orbifold. Finally we identify the space of Cartier divisors on the moduli space of scaled marked curves; these appear in the splitting axiom.
Physics of Semiconductor Devices (2nd edn)

S M Sze 1981 Chichester: John Wiley xii + 868 pp price £28 The first edition of this book has become a 'standard', indeed it is often treated as the 'Bible' on the subject. The second edition is timely because the earlier volume has been overtaken by events in the fast–growing world of microelectronic and optoelectronic devices.
Arterial spasm and recovery from subarachnoid haemorrhage 1

SYNOPSIS In a series of 120 cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial aneurysm the occurrence of preoperative arterial spasm was found to have no effect upon the clinical outcome. After surgery, generalised arterial spasm was found to lead to an increased probability of fatality, and to an increased probability ofpsychological impairment among the survivors. The occurrence ofspasm only in the vessels immediately adjacent to the haemorrhage did not constitute a risk to survival. However, the presence of generalised or localised spasm led to an increased risk of neurological impairment. It is suggested that the mechanisms by which postoperative arterial spasm is responsible for fatalities and for neurological impairment are distinct.
A study of pressure pulses generated by travelling bubble cavitation

The collapse process of single bubbles in travelling bubble cavitation around two axisymmetric headforms have been studied acoustically to understand the collapse process of a cavitation bubble and characterize the sound emission in travelling bubble cavitation. The bubbles were observed to collapse and then sometimes to rebound and collapse again, resulting in one or two pulses in the acoustic signal from a cavitation event. It was observed that each of the pulses could contain more than one peak. This phenomenon is called multipeaking and is clearly distinct from rebounding. The occurrence of rebounding and multipeaking and their effects on some characteristic measures of the acoustic signal such as power spectra are examined in this paper. Two particular headforms (ITTC and Schiebe) with distinct flow characteristics were investigated. Both rebounding and multipeaking increased with reduction in the cavitation number for the ITTC headform. Smaller flow velocity, smaller cavitation number and multipeaking delay the rebound. The peak amplitude of the sound emitted from the first collapse was seen to be twice as large as the peak amplitude of sound from the second collapse, suggesting a repeatable process of bubble fission during the collapse process. Multipeaking and rebounding increased the characteristic measures of the acoustic signal such as the acoustic impulse. These characteristic measures have larger magnitudes for smaller flow velocity. Also, the values of these characteristics are larger for the ITTC headform than for Schiebe headform. Theoretical calculations based on the Rayleigh–Plesset equation were seen to correctly predict the order of magnitude of most of these characteristic measures. However, the distribution of spectral energy is not properly predicted; bubble fission during the collapse is thought to account for this discrepancy. Reduction in the cavitation number and multipeaking are observed to decrease the fraction of spectral energy contained in the high-frequency range (30–80 kHz).
How to Conduct Research

Bio BIO Dr. Schulman was appointed as Professor of Medicine, Associate Chair of Business Development and Strategy in the Department of Medicine, Director of Industry Partnerships and Education for the Clinical Excellence Research Center (CERC) at the Stanford University School of Medicine, and, by courtesy, Professor of Operations, Information and Technology at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business. He is the Director of Stanford's master degree program, the Master of Science in Clinical Informatics Management.
A Novel Methodology for the Incorporation of Chiral Linkers in Stapled Peptides

This work was supported by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) grants EP/K009494/1, EP/M004120/1 and EP/K/039520/1. JCS acknowledges a scholarship from the Gates Cambridge Trust. LSI acknowledges the support of a Senior Fellowship from the Medical Research Foundation.