Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of natural occurrence of Tritrichomonas foetus in cats in Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil

RESUMO. [Detecção da ocorrência natural de Tritrichomonas foetus em gatos em Araçatuba, São Paulo. ] O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de Tritrichomonas foetus em gatos na região do município de Araçatuba, SP, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras fecais de 129 gatos através da técnica de lavado retal. Dois métodos diagnósticos foram comparados, o exame direto das fezes e a PCR. A presença de DNA de T. foetus foi verificada por meio da PCR através da amplificação de 347 pares de bases a partir dos iniciadores específicos TFR3 e TFR4. Posteriormente, os resultados amplificados das amostras positivas foram sequenciadas. Também foi feita análise estatística a fim de investigar a correlação entre infecção por T. foetus e sexo, idade, raça, presença e/ou histórico de diarreia, tratamento prévio, coinfecção, estilo de vida, origem e tipo de ambiente. O protozoário pôde ser observado em uma amostra através do exame direto das fezes e à PCR foram detectadas cinco amostras positivas (3.9%). Foram detectadas coinfecções por ABSTRACT.Duarte R.P., Rocha P.R. D.A. , Nakamura A.A. , Cipriano R.S. , Viol M.A., Melo G.D. , Meireles M.V. & Machado G.F. 2018. Detection of natural occurrence of Tritrichomonas foetus in cats in Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38(2):309-314. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: giselem@fmva.unesp. br The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Tritrichomonas foetus in cats in the area surrounding the city of Araçatuba municipality, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Fecal samples from 129 cats were collected by rectal flush technique. It was compared two diagnosis methods, direct examination of feces and PCR. The presence of T. foetus DNA was verified using PCR by amplification of 347-bp fragment from the primers TFR3 and TFR4 and amplicons of positive cases were sequenced. Statistical analyses were performed investigating the associations between T. foetus infection with gender, age, breed, presence of diarrhea and/or history of diarrhea, previous treatment, lifestyle, origin, environment, and co-infection. T. foetus was observed in one sample (n=129) by direct microscopic examination of feces while PCR was positive in five samples (3.9%). Giardia species and Cryptosporidium species co-infection was also observed. Statistical analyses showed no significant associations between T. foetus infection and all listed factors, although most positive cats were asymptomatic and lived in multi-cat household. The isolates of T. foetus showed 100% identical sequences with other T. foetus isolates from cats around the world. So, the occurrence of T. foetus was confirmed in cats in Araçatuba city (Brazil). This parasite must be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats with diarrhea and also in asymptomatic carriers as source of infection in multi-cat environments.
Integral assessment of urban conglomeration versus centre-periphery maglev rail systems under market imperfections

New transport infrastructure has a myriad of short and long run effects. The effects on population and economic activity are most difficult to estimate. This paper introduces three different models to estimate the impacts of new infrastructure on labour supply and demand, and carefully explains how the interaction between the models and their outcomes should be handled. A commuter location model is developed to estimate the impact of enabling longer commuting ranges within the same commuting time on housing migration. A spatial general equilibrium model (RAEM) is developed to estimate the impacts of increased spatial competition on firms and spatial production choices. The commuter location model is then used again to estimate the residential choices of the subsequent labour migration. Finally, an interregional commuter expenditure multiplier matrix is constructed to estimate the employment effects of both housing and labour migration. The methodology developed is applied to four Transrapid (magnetic levitation rail) proposals, each following a different route within the Netherlands. The empirical outcomes show remarkable patterns of effects and differences in effects, which were not expected beforehand but be explained quite well. Thus important new insights into the spatial pattern of indirect effects of new infrastructure in general are provided.
MUSE stares into the shadows: the high-resolution dust attenuation curve of NGC 5626

The newest generation of integral field unit spectrographs brings three-dimensional mapping of nearby galaxies one step closer. While the focus up to this point was mostly on stars and ionized gas, it is also possible to look at dust in a new, more complete way. Using MUSE science verification observations of NGC 5626, we map the interstellar matter in this dusty lenticular. We use the resolving power of MUSE to measure the optical attenuation with a spectral resolution of 6.25 angstrom, at physical scales of 0.1-1 kpc. The integrated attenuation curve of NGC 5626 shows a smooth, slightly steeper than Milky Way and SMC attenuation curves. Several sharp features are superimposed: we measure lower attenuation at spectral emission lines and higher attenuation for the sodium line doublet. No correlation was observed between sodium line strength and reddening by dust on spatially resolved scales. Additionally, the continuum attenuation was found to be independent from the Balmer decrement (tracing ionized gas attenuation). We model and interpret the variations in the attenuation curves of each spatial resolution element of NGC 5626. We find that the amount and distribution of dust along the line of sight is highly degenerate with any variation in the intrinsic extinction law. Our analysis shows that the interstellar matter in NGC 5626 resides in a regular and well-settled disc. Our results preach caution in the application of simple recipes to de-redden global galaxy spectra and underlines the need for more realistic dust geometries when constructing such correction formulas.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (1997) 44, 285–300

Since 1987, twice weekly, hydrological variables have been monitored at a fixed station in the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain), aiming to examine the time scales of variability and the relationships to meteorological conditions. The present paper analyses: (1) the advantage of Box-Jenkins transfer function (TF) models (single output–multiple input), a type of linear stochastic model, to describe the dynamic behaviour of the system; and (2) the coupling between the Ría and meteorological events at the time scale of autonomy of this coastal inlet affected by the Iberian coastal upwelling, approximately a fortnightly period. In order to achieve these objectives, thermohaline properties have been used to characterize the estuarine ecosystem (output variables), while wind regime, runoff in the drainage basin and incoming solar radiation have been considered as the main forcing variables (input variables). The use of the amplitude time series, derived from principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the deseasonalized meteorological variables, is also explored as a different set of input variables.
An Online Survey on Identification of Evaluation Capacity, Needs and Current Practice of Programme Evaluation in Community-based Rehabilitation

Purpose: Evaluation of Community-based Rehabilitation (CBR) is important for developing good practice and providing a foundation for evidence of efficacy of practice. Since not much is known about the extent to which monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are carried out within CBR programmes, this study aimed to enhance knowledge by focussing on current M&E activities, the need and capacity of programmes to conduct evaluations and the challenges experienced. Method: An online survey of 15 questions was developed, field-tested and sent out to 236 CBR managers in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Results: The majority (86%) of the respondents indicated that their programmes had been evaluated in the past.While this was mainly done by international donors (87%), only around half of the respondents reported programme participants as the main audience. Just over half of the programmes (54%) included people with disabilities, their families and community members in evaluation processes. Insufficient financial resources were considered the most important challenge to conduct evaluation, particularly in the African region and among smaller programmes. The complexity of CBR was also indicated as an important barrier to evaluation. Conclusions and Recommendations: Although evaluations have been widely implemented in CBR programmes, many of them are not locally owned, and people with disabilities and their families are often not included in evaluation processes. The issues of limited financial resources and CBR complexity reflect current discussions in other areas of mainstream development. It is therefore recommended that models for evaluation in CBR should learn from, and be embedded in, ongoing developments in mainstream evaluation in international development.
Analysis of Critical Success Factors Influence on Critical Delays for Water Infrastructure Construction Projects in the Abu Dhabi emirate Using PLS-SEM Method

The objective of this study is to investigate the significance impact of critical success factors on critical delays in the field of water infrastructure construction projects (WICPs) in the Abu Dhabi emirate in particular. Investigation was conducted utilizing quantitative approach by means of questionnaire survey to examine the understanding of professionals engaged in water infrastructure construction towards several critical success factors influencing critical delays. A total of 323 completed responses from owners, consultants and contractors representatives were gathered against 450 distributed questionnaires. The gathered questionnaires were analysed using an advanced multivariate statistical method of Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Data analysis was conducted in two major phases. The first phase involved a preliminary analysis of the data, to ensure that the data adequately meet the basic assumptions in using SEM. The second phase applied the two stages of SEM. The first stage included the establishment of measurement models for the latent constructs in the research. After confirming the uni-dimensionality, reliability and validity of the constructs in the first stage, the second stage developed to test the research hypotheses through developing the structural models. The results indicated that Project Management Process (PMP), Project Manager’s Competency (PMC), Project Team’s member Competency (PTC), Project Organizational Planning (POP), Project Resources’ Utilization (PRU) and Project Organizational Commitment (POC) had significant positive effects on Critical Delay Factor Evaluation (CDFS). From the results of moderation analysis revealed that Project Benchmark Characteristics (PBC) is positively moderate the effects of Project Management Process (PMP), Project Manager’s Competency (PMC) and Project Team’s member Competency (PTC) and Project Organizational Planning (POP) on Critical Delay Factor Evaluation (CDFS).
Sensitivity of black carbon concentrations and climate impact to aging and scavenging in OsloCTM2-M7

Abstract. Accurate representation of black carbon (BC) concentrations in climate models is a key prerequisite for understanding its net climate impact. BC aging and scavenging are treated very differently in current models. Here, we examine the sensitivity of three-dimensional (3-D), temporally resolved BC concentrations to perturbations to individual model processes in the chemistry transport model OsloCTM2–M7. The main goals are to identify processes related to aerosol aging and scavenging where additional observational constraints may most effectively improve model performance, in particular for BC vertical profiles, and to give an indication of how model uncertainties in the BC life cycle propagate into uncertainties in climate impacts. Coupling OsloCTM2 with the microphysical aerosol module M7 allows us to investigate aging processes in more detail than possible with a simpler bulk parameterization. Here we include, for the first time in this model, a treatment of condensation of nitric acid on BC. Using kernels, we also estimate the range of radiative forcing and global surface temperature responses that may result from perturbations to key tunable parameters in the model. We find that BC concentrations in OsloCTM2–M7 are particularly sensitive to convective scavenging and the inclusion of condensation by nitric acid. The largest changes are found at higher altitudes around the Equator and at low altitudes over the Arctic. Convective scavenging of hydrophobic BC, and the amount of sulfate required for BC aging, are found to be key parameters, potentially reducing bias against HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) flight-based measurements by 60 to 90 %. Even for extensive tuning, however, the total impact on global-mean surface temperature is estimated to less than 0.04 K. Similar results are found when nitric acid is allowed to condense on the BC aerosols. We conclude, in line with previous studies, that a shorter atmospheric BC lifetime broadly improves the comparison with measurements over the Pacific. However, we also find that the model–measurement discrepancies can not be uniquely attributed to uncertainties in a single process or parameter. Model development therefore needs to be focused on improvements to individual processes, supported by a broad range of observational and experimental data, rather than tuning of individual, effective parameters such as the global BC lifetime.
Protostellar birth with ambipolar and ohmic diffusion

Context. The transport of angular momentum is fundamental during the formation of low-mass stars; too little removal and rotation ensures stellar densities are never reached, too much and the absence of rotation means no protoplanetary disks can form. Magnetic diffusion is seen as a pathway to resolving this long-standing problem. Aims. We aim to investigate the impact of including resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in simulations of the gravitational collapse of a 1 M⊙ gas sphere, from molecular cloud densities to the formation of the protostellar seed; the second Larson core. Methods. We used the adaptive mesh refinement code RAMSES to perform two 3D simulations of collapsing magnetised gas spheres, including self-gravity, radiative transfer in the form of flux-limited diffusion, and a non-ideal gas equation of state to describe H2 dissociation which leads to the second collapse. The first run was carried out under the ideal MHD approximation, while ambipolar and ohmic diffusion was incorporated in the second calculation using resistivities computed from an equilibrium chemical network. Results. In the ideal MHD simulation, the magnetic field dominates the energy budget everywhere inside and around the first hydrostatic core, fueling interchange instabilities and driving a low-velocity outflow above and below the equatorial plane of the system. High magnetic braking removes essentially all angular momentum from the second core. On the other hand, ambipolar and ohmic diffusion create a barrier which prevents amplification of the magnetic field beyond 0.1 G in the first Larson core which is now fully thermally supported. A significant amount of rotation is preserved and a small Keplerian-like disk forms around the second core. The ambipolar and ohmic diffusions are effective at radii below 10 AU, indicating that a least ~1 AU is necessary to investigate the angular momentum transfer and the formation of rotationally supported disks. Finally, when studying the radiative efficiency of the first and second core accretion shocks, we found that it can vary by several orders of magnitude over the 3D surface of the cores. Conclusions. This proves that magnetic diffusion is a prerequisite to star formation. Not only does it enable the formation of protoplanetary disks in which planets will eventually form, it also plays a determinant role in the formation of the protostar itself.
Determinants of Entrepreneurial Activities in Serbia

The results of investigation of general determinants of the private entrepreneurial activities under transitional economy conditions are presented in this paper. The research was done in the Timok area, including Bor and Zaje ar regions in Eastern Serbia, at the borders with Romania and Bulgaria. The data obtained show that investing or borrowing ones own money, together with possesing the necessary knowledge, gives satisfactory results. Nevertheless, these results in private  rms are rather modest and indicate to the need of private entrepreneur net formation in order to facilitate the possibility of necessary innovations involvement, which can only enable survival, growth and developement of the small  rms.
Application of modal analysis supported by 3D vision-based measurements

In the paper, applications of the 3D vision techniques to the modal analysis method are presented. The goal of the project was to develop a methodology for vibration amplitude measurements and a software tool for modal analysis based on visual data. For this purpose, dedicated procedures and algorithms based on the vision technique methods were developed. 3D measurements of vibrations and structure geometry were obtained by application and developing passive 3D vision techniques. The amplitude of vibrations was calculated for selected points on the structure. Necessary vision data were received from the high-speed digital camera "X-Stream Vision" in form of "avi" files that were used as the input data for the developed software tool. The amplitude of vibration displacements obtained from vision-based measurements were treated as the input data for operational modal analysis algorithms. In this domain, the Balanced Realization algorithm has been used.
Graph Theoretic Lattice Mining Based on Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) Theory for Text Mining

The growth of the semantic web has fueled the need to search for information based on the understanding of the intent of the searcher, coupled with the contextual meaning of the keywords supplied by the searcher. The common solution to enhance the searching process includes the deployment of formal concept analysis (FCA) theory to extract concepts from a set of text with the use of corresponding domain ontology. However, creating a domain ontology or cross-platform ontology is a tedious and time consuming process that requires validation from domain experts. Therefore, this study proposed an alternative solution called Lattice Mining (LM) that utilizes FCA theory and graph theory. This is because the process of matching a query to related documents is similar to the process of graph matching if both the query and the documents are represented using graphs. This study adopted the idea of FCA in the determination of the concepts based on texts and deployed the lattice diagrams obtained from an FCA tool for further analysis using graph theory. The LM technique employed in this study utilized the adjacency matrices obtained from the lattice outputs and performed a distance measure technique to calculate the similarity between two graphs. The process was realized successively via the implementation of three algorithms called the Relatedness Algorithm (RA), the Adjacency Matrix Algorithm (AMA) and the Concept-Based Lattice Mining (CBLM) Algorithm. A similarity measure between FCA output lattices yielded promising results based on the ranking of the trace values from the matrices. Recognizing the potential of this method, future work includes refinement in the steps of the CBLM algorithm for a more efficient implementation of the process.
SVPWM for two Legged Three PhaseMultilevel Inverters a Simplified Approachon 16 Bit Microcontroller Platform

The paper brings out the observation that the space vector representation of four switch three phase inverter. It is used to develop a simple and generalized Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) algorithm for two legged multilevel inverters. The space vectors of any n-level inverter can be generated from the vectors of 2-level inverter using simple addition operation and doesn’t use any look up tables. The simple addition operation used for the generation of space vectors of n-level inverter is also used to generate the inverter switching states of the corresponding vectors. The proposed algorithm is a generalized algorithm and can be extended to any n-level inverter configuration without any computational complexity. The validation of the algorithm through simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimental in PIC24HJ128GP310 microcontroller has been carried out for 3-level inverter configurations for which the results are also presented.
Competition and innovation in developing countries

Using the Climate Investment Survey from the World Bank, we find a negative relationship between competition and innovation in developing countries. This result supports the idea of Schumpeter (1942) that competition can harm innovation. We deal with endogeneity issues using as instrument the interaction between industry turnover and entry regulation in the U.S. The basic idea is that entry regulations have a more pronounced and negative effect on competition in those industries with more natural entry. For this, we find that relevant competition is at the country-level rather than at country-industry level. Finally, we find no evidence of heterogeneity on this relationship across firms and industries. JEL CODES: O31, O32, D22, L10, Q55
Interactive comment on “Ecosystem carbon transit versus turnover times in response to climate warming and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration” by Xingjie Lu et al

Reviewer 1: It is well known that carbon turnover time as computed by carbon stock divided by carbon flux has a well defined meaning only for stationary states, while the meaning of transit time as mean age of carbon released from the system remains valid also for nonstationary states. On this background the submitted paper investigates how strongly transit and turnover times deviate in historical and RCP8.5 scenario simulations. The simulations are performed using the land surface model CABLE in offline simulations forced by CRU-NCEP (historical) and CLM (scenario) data. To separate the physical and biogeochemical effect of CO2 on transit and turnover times, separate simulations are performed where either the temperature forcing or the photosynthethically relevant CO2 level are kept fixed. To determine transit time using the approach by Rasmussen et al. (2016), the authors equipped CABLE with a diagnostic to follow changes in carbon stocks of all pools of their land carbon model and the fluxes between them. The authors show that the expression for changes in transit time based on this approach can be separated into two components, one arising from changes in the mean age of the carbon in the different pools (abbreviated in the following as MAC – Mean Age Change), the other arising from changes in the age composition of the carbon fluxes ’respired’ from the different carbon pools (abbreviated in the following as ACC – Age Composition Change). The authors show how the MAC and ACC contributions to transit time change in their scenario simulations.