Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incorporate radiograph-reading behavior and knowledge into deep reinforcement learning for lesion localization

We design an intelligent tool that imitates radiologists' reading behavior and knowledge for lesion localization on radiographs using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). We formulate a human visual search behavior, i.e., 'first searching for, then focusing on' a region of interest (ROI), as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The state of MDP is represented by a candidate ROI’s imaging features and historical actions of lesion searching. The imaging features are extracted by a convolutional neural network that is pre-trained for disease classification. The state transition in MDP is achieved by Qlearning. Specifically, we design a Q network to simulate a radiologist's succession of saccades and fixations - iteratively choosing the next ROI of radiograph to pay attention to while reading images. Guided by a novel rewarding scheme, our algorithm learns to iteratively zoom in for a close-up assessment of the potential abnormal sub-regions, until the termination condition is met. We train and test our model with 80% and 20% of the ChestX-ray8 dataset with pathologically confirmed bounding boxes (B-Boxes), respectively. The localization accuracy is measured at different thresholds of intersection over union (IoU) between the DRL-generated and the ground truth B-Box. The proposed method achieves accuracy of 0.996, 0.412, 0.667, 0.650 at threshold 0.1 respectively for cardiomegaly, mass, pneumonia, and pneumothorax. While our study is a preliminary work, it demonstrates a potential approach and the feasibility of incorporating human expert experience into a lesion detection-based machine learning task. Further investigation and evaluation of our method will be needed in future work.
The Efficacy of Some Fasciolicides Against Liver Fluke Infection in Cattle

This study aimed to detection of the efficacy of some drugs used in the field for treatment of liver infection in the cattle ( Bos taurus ) in Egypt. Treatment trials used for three groups of naturally infected animals (positive by coprological examination) with some anthelmintic drugs differ in their chemical groups (Ivomec super, Rafoxanide, and Triclabendazole) divided into three groups 10 animals in each one. The dose was repeated twice with 3 weeks in between. Animals were examined clinically and laboratory; also fecal samples were collected and examined microscopically each time for follow-up. Egg counting using (Modified Stoll's dilution technique) was done 3 times in each group (day 1, after 3 weeks post-treatment, 6 weeks post-treatment). The efficacy of the drug is measured by improved clinical state or reduction/ disappearance of Fasciola egg count. In group I (treated by Ivomec super): Egg per gram (EPG) before treatment was 800 egg/ gram and after treatment was 1280 egg/gram, Egg reduction rate (ERR) of Ivomec super was %-60. In group II (treated by Triclabendazole): EPG before treatment was 500 egg/ gram and after treatment was 80 egg/ gram, ERR of Triclabendazole was 84%. In group III (treated by Rafoxanide): EPG before treatment was 480 egg/ gram and after treatment was 160 egg/ gram, ERR of Rafoxanide was 66.6%. The anthelmintic drug wasn’t effective in the treatment of Fascioliasis as no progress in the clinical status of the infected animals and the ERR was less than 90%. Our study concluded that the ERR (egg reduction rate) of used anthelmintic drugs (Ivomec super, Triclabendazole, Rafoxanide) was less than the lower limit of the effective fasciolicides drug and the drugs wasn’t effective in treatment of fascioliasis.
Study on Elimination Algorithms for Line Segment Mismatches

Abstract Image matching is a key step for remotely sensed image registration and digital elevation model (DEM) generation. Compared with point matching, few studies have focused on line matching for images, especially elimination algorithm of mismatched line segments. Therefore, this work systematically studies elimination algorithms of line segment mismatches by combining 2 transformation models (i.e., affine and homography) with 2 M-estimators or 2 sample consensus methods (i.e., random sample consensus, RANSAC, and least median of squares, LMedS). The main idea is as follows. After line segments are extracted and matched, the proposed algorithms can automatically remove mismatched line segments based on an error function of line segment. Aerial images with panchromatic bands and standard false color synthesis were selected for testing. Experiments were performed to compare different combinations of these models and methods and to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the algorithms in terms of accuracy and run time. The results show that the proposed algorithm can be effectively applied to automatically eliminate mismatched line segments, and among all combinations the homography model with LMedS performs the best. The algorithm can also ensure and control the quality of line segment matching from stereo pairs.
Securing a mobile ad hoc NETwork against the man in the middle attack

Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET) are a special kind of wireless net- works where there is neither centralized authority nor pre-existing infrastructure. Hence, in such situation, authenticating nodes becomes a challenging task. This is even more true that some nodes may be tempted by spoofing other nodes identity in order to gain some rights and privileges. In such context, a protocol based on keys exchange such as Diffie-Hellman can be used. However, even such protocol is vulnerable to impersonation attack e.g. the Man in the Middle (MIM) attack. The main objective of this work is then, to evaluate the impact of a MIM attack on the context of MANET and to propose a security solution to such situation. This is done by (1) estimating the needed ratio of attackers to achieve a MIM attack in a given MANET and (2) proposing a security process based on the well known Diffie-Helman protocol.
Exploring Network Properties Across Preclinical Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease Using a Visual Short-Term Memory and Attention Task with High-Density Electroencephalography: A Brain-Connectome Neurophysiological Study

Background: Visual short-term memory (VSTMT) and visual attention (VAT) exhibit decline in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum; however, network disruption in preclinical stages is scarcely explored. Objective: To advance our knowledge about brain networks in AD and discover connectivity alterations during VSTMT and VAT. Methods: Twelve participants with AD, 23 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 17 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 21 healthy controls (HC) were examined using a neuropsychological battery at baseline and follow-up (three years). At baseline, the subjects were examined using high density electroencephalography while performing a VSTMT and VAT. For exploring network organization, we constructed weighted undirected networks and examined clustering coefficient, strength, and betweenness centrality from occipito-parietal regions. Results: One-way ANOVA and pair-wise t-test comparisons showed statistically significant differences in HC compared to SCD (t (36) = 2.43, p = 0.026), MCI (t (42) = 2.34, p = 0.024), and AD group (t (31) = 3.58, p = 0.001) in Clustering Coefficient. Also with regards to Strength, higher values for HC compared to SCD (t (36) = 2.45, p = 0.019), MCI (t (42) = 2.41, p = 0.020), and AD group (t (31) = 3.58, p = 0.001) were found. Follow-up neuropsychological assessment revealed converge of 65% of the SCD group to MCI. Moreover, SCD who were converted to MCI showed significant lower values in all network metrics compared to the SCD that remained stable. Conclusion: The present findings reveal that SCD exhibits network disorganization during visual encoding and retrieval with intermediate values between MCI and HC.
PgLEA, a gene for late embryogenesis abundant proteinfrom Panax ginseng, enhances drought and salt tolerancein transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants are usually sessile species and their growth and development are substantially influenced by the surrounding environment. Additionally, diverse environmental stressors, including drought and high salinity, severely restrict plant development, damage plant tissues, and under extreme conditions, can lead to death (Wang et al. 2003, Wu et al. 2014). Plants have various physiological and biochemical mechanisms to mitigate the harm caused by adverse conditions (Zhang et al. 2018). When plants are subjected to abiotic stress, they often synthesize a range of functional proteins that protect different tissues from damage. Among the plant cell-protective proteins induced by abiotic stress, there has been considerable interest in the late embryogenesis
The Importance of Unfair Intentions and Outcome Inequality for Punishment by Third Parties and Victims

Abstract. Retributive theories predominantly focus on third party’s motives for punishment, which are rather affected by the offender’s malicious intentions than the actual outcome of the offense. However, victims experience an offense from a different perspective. The value/status approach argues that an offense has two facets that produce different threats: the intentional violation of values and status imbalance between offender and victims. We suggested that third parties and victims punish unfair intentions, whereas victims also punish because of the outcome inequality. In the present study, we orthogonally crossed the factors offender’s intention with the actual outcome and perspective of punisher (third-party versus victim). Results show that victims punish harsher than third parties. However, there are no qualitative differences of third-party punishment and punishment by victims. Rather, both punish malicious intentions and outcome inequality. We discuss how the findings relate to retributivism and other psychological theories of punishment.
Symmetry effects on the static and dynamic properties of coupled magnetic oscillators

The eﬀect of symmetry on the resonance spectra of antiferromagnetically coupled oscillators has attracted new interest with the discovery of symmetry-breaking induced anti-crossings. Here, we experimentally characterise the resonance spectrum of a synthetic antiferromagnet Pt/CoFeB/Ru/CoFeB/Pt, where we are able to independently tune the eﬀective magnetisation of the two coupled magnets. To model our results we apply the mathematical methods of group theory to the solutions of the Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation. This general approach, usually applied to quantum mechanical systems, allows us to identify the main features of the resonance spectrum in terms of symmetry breaking and to make a direct comparison with crystal antiferromagnets.
How Do Economic Growth and the Emissions of Carbon Dioxide Relate?

Our work investigated the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic development in 10 different countries from 2010 to 2019, using a panel data technique. The growth of the economy in different countries in-volves greater use of energy, which leads to more CO 2 emissions; hence pollution is intimately related to the growth of the economy and development. By applying the ECM analysis, we confirmed the long-run correlation between Gross Domestic Product and the emissions of CO 2 is positive, due to the sluggish adoption of new low-carbon policies, which makes it difficult to at-tain the same output level with lower carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. The short-run relationship between GDP and the emissions of CO 2 is negative, while coherent energy policies are due to help in accomplishing a quick development through more intensive energy consumption, yet our findings show that growth slows as carbon dioxide emissions rise.
Bioinformatic Characterization of Whole Blood Neutrophils in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Potential Prognostic Indicator for Transumbilical Single-Port Laparoscopic Pelvic Abscess Surgery

The purpose of this research is to determine the prognosis of patients treated with transumbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery for acute pelvic inflammatory illness. Postoperative data on 129 patients treated with laparoscopic surgery for acute pelvic inflammatory illness were obtained retrospectively. It was observed that the shorter the time required for postoperative leukocyte recovery to normal, the shorter the time required for postoperative pain and diet recovery, as well as hospital stay, in such individuals. CIBERSORT was used to examine patient data from GEO. The most significant difference between the normal and pelvic inflammatory groups was in neutrophil content. Association study found a substantial positive correlation between the quantity of neutrophils infiltrating the immune system and the abundance of monocyte M0 infiltrating the immune system. Neutrophil immune infiltration was strongly inversely linked with plasma cells, activated CD8+ Tm cells, and active CD4+ Tm cells. Four mRNAs linked with pelvic inflammatory illness were revealed to be strongly associated with neutrophil immune infiltration, notably CALML4, COQ10B, DCPS, and PPP2R1A. The ROC revealed that CALML4 (area under the curve (AUC): 0.769, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.638–0.881), COQ10B (AUC: 0.742, 95% CI: 0.587–0.881), PPP2R1A (AUC: 0.733 95% CI: 0.593–0.857), and DCPS (AUC: 0.745, 95% CI: 0.571–0.900) were potential markers for predicting pelvic inflammatory disease. CALML4, COQ10B, PPP2R1A, and DCPS may be critical determinants determining the amount of preoperative neutrophil infiltration and the time required for leukocyte recovery after single-port laparoscopy in acute pelvic inflammatory illness.
Impact of Introducing Endovascular Treatment on Acute Phase of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Outcome

Introduction: Ruptured intracranial aneurysm is an urgent diagnostic and therapeutic condition. Occlusion with coils is the first line treatment for ruptured aneurysms and also should be used to prevent re-rupture, potentially causing severe brain damage. Most aneurysms are subject to this type of treatment. The risk of intraoperative thromboembolic and haemorrhagic complications during treatment with coils is very low. Endovascular treatment with coils is therefore a safe and effective method that can prevent short and long-term haemorrhage. Short and long-term haemorrhage is achieved by early recanalization of cases with neuro-visualisation. Methods: In this article we present a retrospective analysis of the results of endovascular embolization of 137 patients, from 2017 to the present time, in three hospitals of Georgia country (Evex hospitals, New hospitals, New-vision University Hos-pital) with a diagnosis of acute subarachnoid haemorrhage. Results: In our study, overall postoperative mortality was reported to be 29.9% (41/137 pa-tients). In 45 patients presenting with Hunt-Hess IV-V, the mortality rate was 51.1% main technique of endovascular treatment is occlusion by coils with or without remodeling balloon assistance. Generally, in acute periods, only aneurysms with coils are associated with relatively high rates of recanalization, so further observation and possible surgical treatment are recommended.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Hydroxypropyl Ester of Mefenamic Acid as a Promising Prodrug

The free carboxylic acid group present in the mefenamic acid (MFA) structure plays a potential role in developing various neuromuscular side effects after MFA administration. In this study, the hydroxypropyl promoiety was added to the carboxylic acid group of MFA in an attempt to reduce the neuromuscular side effects of MFA and improve its therapeutic effects. Hydroxypropylester of MFA (HPEMA) was synthesized and subjected to various in vivo investigations compared to MFA. The neuromuscular toxicity was conducted following high doses administration in mice and was evaluated at various measuring parameters, such as the percentage of catalepsy, clonic-tonic seizure, and death. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of HPEMA were evaluated in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test and acetic acid-induced writhing test, respectively. The finding of this study reveal that the percentage of catalepsy, clonic-tonic seizure, and death is significantly lower in mice treated with HPEMA than those treated with equimolar doses of MFA. In addition, treatment with HPEMA caused a comparable anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test and a significantly higher antinociceptive effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing test than the MFA treatment. This study’s findings suggest that HPEMA is a promising prodrug for MFA.
Comparison of Deep Learning Techniques for Classification of the Insects in Order Level with Mobile Software Application

Insects are a class of the arthropod branch and the most crowded animal group in terms of species and taxonomy. Due to destruction and forest fires, some insect species could go extinct without being detected. Identifying new insects and having knowledge about insects in terms of biodiversity will contribute positively to the studies carried out, especially in entomology, agriculture, the pharmaceutical industry, medicine, robotics, and other branches. In this study, we produced a mobile-based decision support software with a deep learning model to classify and detect insects at the order level. We also presented the comparative analysis results of SSD MobileNET, YoloV4, and Faster R-CNN InceptionV3 deep learning methods and adapting processes for order-level insect classification. Our approach studies the suitability of existing models towards such an objective, and we conclude that Faster R-CNN InceptionV3 performs the best at classifying and detecting insects at the order level. In addition, we shared 25820 training and 1500 test data in the kaggle database in order to contribute studies to be carried out in this area. As a result, we believe that this research will be beneficial to entomologists, naturalists, and other researchers in related fields.
4D structures for the short-time building of emergency shelters

The increasing number of internal displaced people due to conflicts or natural disasters over the years represents the need to create structural solutions for first emergency shelter, which are currently supplied in tarpaulin and structures improvised by the locals. Innovative technologies like 4D printing could present an alternative, being possible to develop 3D structures with smart materials that react with environmental stimulus, such as water, light, heat and others. Unlike 3D printing, which is static, the factor ‘time’ adds a dimension to the 4D, making the structures self-assembling, multifunctional or self-repairing. Given this, the aim of this paper is to present research for the application of 4D-printed structures, for crises, to speed up and ease the assembly process, replacing the structures currently used with one that integrates the emergency kit. It also presents a review on emergency shelters, as well as on 3D and 4D printing processes, clarifying its definition and introducing a case study demonstrative of the process, by printing with shape memory filaments, specifically poly lactic acid and shape memory polymers. A concept was developed and validated, evaluating the possibility of applying 4D printing process in the development of structures that are easy to transport and assemble in emergencies, using the beneficial characteristics of shape memory polymer material. Therefore, the simulation of the concept and the improvement of material properties in terms of specific strength and toughness, which can be achieved using composite materials, are indicated as future recommendations. Moreover, the concept must be evaluated from a structural point of view.
The Thermal Characteristics, Sorption Isotherms and State Diagrams of the Freeze-Dried Pumpkin-Inulin Powders

Powders based on plant raw materials have low storage stability due to their sorption and thermal properties and generate problems during processing. Therefore, there is a need to find carrier agents to improve their storage life as well as methods to evaluate their properties during storage. Water adsorption isotherms and thermal characteristics of the pumpkin powder with various inulin additions were investigated in order to develop state diagrams. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to obtained glass transition lines, freezing curves and maximal-freeze-concentration conditions. The glass transition lines were developed using the Gordon–Taylor model. Freezing data were modeled employing the Clausius–Clapeyron equation and its development–Chen model. The glass transition temperature of anhydrous material (Tgs) and characteristic glass transition temperature of maximum-freeze-concentration (Tg′) increased with growing inulin additions. Sorption isotherms of the powders were determined at 25 °C by the static-gravimetric method and the experimental data was modeled with four different mathematical models. The Peleg model was the most adequate to describe the sorption data of the pumpkin–inulin powders. Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) monolayer capacity decreased with increasing inulin concentration in the sample.
TORC1 Signaling Controls the Stability and Function of α-Arrestins Aly1 and Aly2

Nutrient supply dictates cell signaling changes, which in turn regulate membrane protein trafficking. To better exploit nutrients, cells relocalize membrane transporters via selective protein trafficking. Key in this reshuffling are the α-arrestins, selective protein trafficking adaptors conserved from yeast to man. α-Arrestins bind membrane proteins, controlling the ubiquitination and endocytosis of many transporters. To prevent the spurious removal of membrane proteins, α-arrestin-mediated endocytosis is kept in check through phospho-inhibition. This phospho-regulation is complex, with up to 87 phospho-sites on a single α-arrestin and many kinases/phosphatases targeting α-arrestins. To better define the signaling pathways controlling paralogous α-arrestins, Aly1 and Aly2, we screened the kinase and phosphatase deletion (KinDel) library, which is an array of all non-essential kinase and phosphatase yeast deletion strains, for modifiers of Aly-mediated phenotypes. We identified many Aly regulators, but focused our studies on the TORC1 kinase, a master regulator of nutrient signaling across eukaryotes. We found that TORC1 and its signaling effectors, the Sit4 protein phosphatase and Npr1 kinase, regulate the phosphorylation and stability of Alys. When Sit4 is lost, Alys are hyperphosphorylated and destabilized in an Npr1-dependent manner. These findings add new dimensions to our understanding of TORC1 regulation of α-arrestins and have important ramifications for cellular metabolism.
Clinical Outcomes and Adverse Effects in Septic Patients with Impaired Renal Function Who Received Different Dosages of Cefoperazone–Sulbactam

This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes and adverse effects in septic patients with impaired renal function who received different dosages of cefoperazone–sulbactam (CFP–SUL 1 g/1 g or 2 g/2 g every 12 h). The retrospective study was conducted using the Chang Gung Research Database to include adult patients who had renal insufficiency presented with septicemia caused by Gram-negative organisms and had received CFP–SUL for more than 1 week. A total of 265 patients (44 in the CFP–SUL 1 g/1 g group and 221 in the CFP–SUL 2 g/2 g group) were eligible to be included in this study. After 1:3 propensity score matching, 41 and 123 patients in the CFP–SUL 1 g/1 g and CFP–SUL 2 g/2 g groups, respectively, were included for analyses. There were no significant between-group differences in all-cause mortality rates and adverse effects, including prolonged prothrombin time. A logistic regression model showed that the Pitt bacteremia score was related to all-cause mortality rate and prolonged prothrombin time was associated with renal replacement therapy. The adverse effects of CFP–SUL did not increase in septic patients with impaired renal function receiving CFP–SUL 2 g/2 g Q12H. However, this study may be underpowered to reveal a difference in all-cause mortality.