Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biological basis for PCO2 as a detector of ischemia

SCHEMIA is still a major cause of death in the westI em world. Thus, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, shock and other diseases characterized by hypoperfusion to one ore more organs are prevalent factors in mortality, morbidity and health cost. Since ischemia is reversible in many cases, an early detection of inadequate blood supply could lead to earlier treatment to save the organ as well as the patient's life. Methods to detect ischemia continuously real-time are limited. EKG can detect cardiac ischemia in the majority of cases at the time when ischemia occurs. Unfortunately, this is the only organ where we have a true real-time detection of ischemia in common clinical practice. Other methods for real-time detection, like EEG and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) during carotid surgery and neurosurgery, are cumbersome to carry out and often difficult to interpret. Clinical signs and symptoms of ischemia can be unreliable because they are unspecific. Even worse, many organs are "silent" when it comes to ischemia (1). The phenomenon of silent myocardial infarction is now well recognized. Also, liver and kidney can be severely ischemic without alerting symptoms before the organ damage is irreversible. The intestinal mucosa is particularly prone to ischemia due to its counter-current blood supply (2). Thus, there is no gold standard for sensitive and specific detection of ischemia. Reliance on the release of various intracellular enzymes into the circulation from ischemic organs is the clinical tool most often available. The problem is that the release of enzymes can only be detected after the damage has occurred and indicates cell damage, not necessarily ischemia, and is therefore unspecific. Needless to say, if the treatment of ischemic diseases is to improve, methods for earlier detection are badly needed. In this paper, the potential of measuring PC02 to detect ischemia is discussed.
Non-Viral Transgenesis via Direct In Ovo Lipofection in Quail

Transgenic animals have been widely used for developmental biology studies, as disease models, and even in industry such as transgenic bioreactor animals. For transgenic birds, quail has the great advantages of small body size, short generation time, and frequent egg production. To date, retroviral or lentiviral transduction has been used to generate transgenic quail for various purposes. However, the efficiency of transgenic offspring production with these methods is relatively low and viral vector usage has safety issues. Unfortunately, non-viral transgenesis has not been established in quail due to a deficiency of stem cell and germ cell culture systems. In this study, we established a direct in ovo lipofection method that could be used to create transgenic quail without germline-competent cells or viruses. To optimize the injection stage during embryo development, the liposome complex (containing piggyBacCMV-GFP and transposase plasmids) was introduced into an embryonic blood vessel at 50 hr, 55 hr or 60 hr. GFP expression was detected in various tissues (heart, kidney, liver and stomach) on day 12 of incubation under a fluorescence microscope. Additionally, GFP-positive cells were detected in the recipient embryonic gonads. In conclusion, the direct in ovo lipofection method with the piggyBac transposon could be an efficient and useful tool for generating transgenic quail.
Former presence of a parakeet (Cyanoramphus sp.) on Campbell Island, New Zealand subantarctic, with notes on the island's fossil sites and fossil record

One significant late Holocene deposit of bird and other fossils was discovered during a brief survey of potential fossil sites on subantarctic Campbell I, New Zealand. The bones recovered included the first specimen of a Cyanoramphus parakeet from the island. Preliminary ancient DNA analysis of the parakeet bone confirmed its generic identification and may ultimately facilitate the re-introduction of a taxon that most closely resembles the genetic make-up of the extinct population. Some implications of the fossil record and value of the fossil sites are discussed.
Effects of UV Light Disinfection on Tetracycline Resistant Bacteria in Wastewater Effluents

Effects of UV Light Disinfection on Tetracycline Resistant Bacteria in Wastewater Effluents. (August 2010) Hannah Childress, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Raghupathy Karthikeyan The ubiquitous use of antibiotics has led to an increasing number of antibioticresistant bacterial strains, including strains that are multidrug resistant, pathogenic, or both. Numerous studies have been conducted showing the presence of antibioticresistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant and multidrug resistant bacteria in wastewater and drinking water treatment plants. There is also evidence to suggest that ARGs spread to the environment, and to humans and animals, through wastewater effluents. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the effect of UV light disinfection on ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Wastewater effluent samples from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Texas were evaluated for differences in abundance and diversity of tetracycline resistant bacteria before and after UV treatment. The effects of photoreactivation or dark repair on the reactivation of bacteria present in WWTP effluent after UV disinfection were also examined. Culture based methods were used to characterize viable heterotrophic, tetracycline resistant heterotrophic, E. coli, and tetracycline resistant E. coli bacteria present before and after UV treatment. Molecular methods were used to characterize the
Incidence of Anthracnose in Relation to Chitinase, β-1, 3-Glucanase and Dopamine of Banana Fruits After Harvest

The incidence of anthracnosecaused by Colletotrichum musae on bananafruitS after harvest was investigatedwhen the fruits were dipped in a solution of ethrel 1 000 mg/L for 1 minand allowed to ripen for 5 d at 20℃and RH 80% - 90% prior to shelf Period at ambient temperature (25 -30℃ ) and RH 55%- 65%. The apPearance of disease symptoms was related to the physiological condition of thefruits. The activities of chitinasq and β-1, 3-glucanase increased gradually during pathogenesis. However, it decreased a little when the fruits showedobvious disease symptoms (Fig. 1 ). The treatment with sporgon at a concentration of 1 mg/L suppressed boththe development of anthracnose and theincreases of chitinase and p-1, 3-glucanase activities (Table 1 ), a fact suggesting that pathogenesis enhanced theactivities of the two enzymes. The content of dopamine in banana Peel washigh (1. 28 mg/g FW)at harvest, andthen decreased markedly during the incidence of anthracnose (Fig. 3 ). Compared with the variety " 63- 1", the activities of chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase and the content of dopaminewere higher in the variety "Black-oilshape"(Table 2), which might be asso-elated with a stronger resistance to thediseases.
EXTRACELLULAR L-GLUTAMINASE PRODUCTION BY MARINE BREVUNDIMONAS DIMINUTA MTCC 8486

Maximal L-glutaminase enzyme production by Brevundimonas diminuta MTCC 8486 (48.4 U/ml) occurred at pH 6.0, 30qC in a sea water based medium supplemented with L-glutamine (1%, w/v), D-glucose (1.5%, w/v), peptone (1%, w/v), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1%, w/v) after 28 h of incubation and molecular weight of purified enzyme was 140 kDa.
Diet and dietary habits of Labeo senegalensis in a tropical freshwater ecosystem

The food composition and dietary habit of Labeo senegalensis at Idah area of river Niger was carried out between January and February, 2010. 155 samples were obtained from artisanal fishermen and brought to biological sciences laboratory for analysis. Fish samples were dissected and the stomach contents emptied into Petridishes containing 10% saline solution and observed under a dissecting microscope. The food items were counted and the stomachs were scored according to its fullness. The result shows that the fish feed mainly on mud (4.31%), sand particles (6.00%), plant materials (80.65%), fish remains (5.81%), insect parts (2.58%) and small gravel (0.65%) respectively. L. senegalensis in Idah area of River Niger is a herbivorous detrivore feeding more on plant materials. Keywords: Food items, Feeding habits, Stomach contents, Herbivorous detrivore Animal Research International (2012) 9(1): 1502 – 1505
Preliminary field observations of mating and spawning in the squid Sepioteuthis australis

ο02'S). The benthos in this area consists of seagrass (Amphibolis antarctica) and brown macroalgae (Sargassum spp.) interspersed with patches of bare sand and rock, and extends for several kilometers along the coastline in this manner. The site at Marino is one of several spawning sites for S. australis along this stretch of coastline, all of which share these benthic characteristics. During the spawning season, S. australis lay eggs in clusters consisting of numerous egg capsules (approximately 300 capsules per cluster; Larcombe and Russell, 1971), with each capsule containing 3–6 eggs. These egg clusters are commonly found attached to the thalli of the brown macroalgae Sargassum spp. This genus of macroalgae is also used as an egg deposition site for other squid species such as S. lessoniana (Segawa, 1987). A total of nearly 4 h of ad libitum sampling (Martin and Bateson, 1993) were made over a 3 d period by SCUBA and snorkeling. Water depth on the spawning ground varied between 2–4 m depending on the tide. Squid behavior throughout the observation period was photographed with a Nikonos V camera. Attempts to record mating and spawning behavior using a Canon E850-Hi video camera in waterproof housing were unsuccessful due to an error with the tracking system on the camera. As a result, valuable ‘one-zero’ sampling (Martin and Bateson, 1993) data of mating and spawning could be analyzed. Furthermore, body patterning of the adults with each behavior could not be classified. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION EGG LAYING AND AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR. —Larcombe and Russell (1971) documented the behavior of six adult S. australis (two male, four female) as the females attached egg capsules to an egg cluster that had detached from its normal habitat and had become entangled in an artificial reef. In contrast, the observations reported here describe spawning by numerous individuals on egg clusters attached to Sargassum spp.
TOTAL BODY WATER

The first determination of total body water ever carried out in the human subject was made by v.Bezold in 1857. He found by desiccation that a 5 month old human fetus contained 88 per cent water. It is very interesting to recall that he also demonstrated a gradually decreasing water content in mice during growth, from 87.5 per cent in the embryo, to 83 per cent at birth and 70 per cent in the old animal. Since then a great number of determinations of the chemical composition of the human fetus have been carried out. All the water determinations were made by desiccation. The results are summarized in table 3, which includes figures from the work of: v.Bezold (1857), Fehling (1877), Michel (1899), Schmitz (1924), Givens and Macy (1933) and Iob and Swanson (1934). All these observations gave very similar results. The average values gradually decrease from 93.8 per cent during the first month to 75.5 per cent at birth. This decrease is shown in fig. 12 (pag. 50).
NKT cells constitutively express IL‐23 receptor and RORγt, and rapidly produce IL‐17 upon receptor ligation in an IL‐6‐independent fashion

Th17 cells require IL‐6 and TGFβ for lineage commitment, and IL‐23 for maintenance. Unexpectedly, naive IL‐6−/−splenocytes stimulated with anti‐CD3 and IL‐23 produced normal amounts of IL‐17 during the first 24 h of culture. These rapid IL‐6‐independent IL‐17 producers were identified as NKT cells by phenotype (TCRβ+/DX5+) and function (response to α–GalCer). Human NKT cells also produced IL‐17 upon stimulation. NKT cells constitutively expressed IL‐23R and RORγt. Ligation of either TCR or IL‐23R triggered IL‐17 production, and both together had an additive effect suggesting independent pathways. IL‐17 was produced exclusively by the NK1.1− fraction, but was not restricted to a particular subset of NKT cells, as the NKT populations of Jα18−/− and of CD1d−/− mice, which lack certain NKT subsets, produced IL‐17. Importantly, in vivo administration of α–GalCer triggered a rapid IL‐17 response in the spleen. These data suggest an important biological role for innate IL‐17 production by NKT cells that is rapid and precedes the adaptive IL‐17 response.
Cathartesaura anaerobica gen. et sp. nov., a new rebbachisaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Huincul formation (upper Cretaceous), Río Negro, Argentina

A new mid-sized sauropod from ‘La Buitrera’, Huincul Formation (Turonian-Coniacian), Rio Negro Province, Cathartesaura anaerobica gen. et sp. nov. is described. It is known from an incomplete, but associated skeleton that includes diagnostic postcranial elements such as a posterior cervical, an anterior caudal, and a mid caudal vertebra, a left scapula, a left ilium and a right femur. Cathartesaura anaerobica gen. et sp. nov. exhibits several autapomorphies, such as a posterior cervical vertebra with an accessory lamina that arises from the mid length of the prezygodiapophysial lamina and reaches the centrum, a thin, wing-like transverse processes on the anterior caudal vertebrae mostly supported by a ventral bony bar that frames a deep triangular fossa, and each anterior caudal neural spine with the lateral laminae composed of the spinoprezygapophyseal lamina, the lateral spinopostzygapophyseal lamina and the spinodiapophyseal lamina. The new taxon is related to Rebbachisaurus and Limaysaurus because of the presence of several synapomorphies, which support its inclusion in a separate clade of basal Diplodocoidea, the Rebbachisauridae. Aspects of rebbachisaurid vertebral anatomy including musculature and pneumaticity are briefly commented upon. A cladistic analysis is presented in an attempt to partially resolve basal diplodocoid phylogenetic relationships.
Melatonin concentrations and timing of seasonal reproduction in male mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) exposed to light pollution

Adverse effects of light at night are associated with human health problems and with changes in seasonal reproduction in several species. Owing to its role in the circadian timing system, melatonin production is suspected to mediate excess nocturnal light. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of light pollution on the timing of seasonal reproduction on a strict Malagasy long-day breeder, the nocturnal mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). We randomly exposed 12 males in wintering sexual rest to moonlight or to a light-mimicking nocturnal streetlight for 5 weeks. We monitored urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentrations (aMT6s), plasma testosterone concentrations, and testis size, and we recorded daily rhythms of core temperature and locomotor activity. In males exposed to light pollution, we observed a significant decrease in urinary aMT6s concentrations associated with changes in daily rhythm profiles and with activation of reproductive function. These results showed that males entered spontaneous sexual recrudescence leading to a summer acclimatization state, which suggests that light at night disrupts perception of day length cues, leading to an inappropriate photoentrainment of seasonal rhythms.
Rough Heston: The SINC way

The goal of this paper is to investigate the method outlined by one of us (PR) in Cherubini et al. (2009) to compute option prices. We named it the SINC approach. While the COS method by Fang and Osterlee (2009) leverages the Fourier-cosine expansion of truncated densities, the SINC approach builds on the Shannon Sampling Theorem revisited for functions with bounded support. We provide several important results which were missing in the early derivation: i) a rigorous proof of the converge of the SINC formula to the correct option price when the support growths and the number of Fourier frequencies increases; ii) ready to implement formulas for put, Cash-or-Nothing, and Asset-or-Nothing options; iii) a systematic comparison with the COS formula in several settings; iv) a numerical challenge against alternative Fast Fourier specifications, such as Carr and Madan (1999) and Lewis (2000); v) an extensive pricing exercise under the rough Heston model of Jaisson and Rosenbaum (2015); vi) formulas to evaluate numerically the moments of a truncated density. The advantages of the SINC approach are numerous. When compared to benchmark methodologies, SINC provides the most accurate and fast pricing computation. The method naturally lends itself to price all options in a smile concurrently by means of Fast Fourier techniques, boosting fast calibration. Pricing requires to resort only to odd moments in the Fourier space.
Data Mining and Analytical Models to Predict and Identify Adverse Drug-drug Interactions

The use of multiple drugs accounts for almost 30% of all hospital admission and is the 5th leading cause of death in America. Since over 30% of all adverse drug events (ADEs) are thought to be caused by drug-drug interactions (DDI), better identification and prediction of administration of known DDIs in primary and secondary care could reduce the number of patients seeking urgent care in hospitals, resulting in substantial savings for health systems worldwide along with better public health. However, current DDI prediction models are prone to confounding biases along with either inaccurate or a lack of access to longitudinal data from Electronic Health Records (EHR) and other drug information such as FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) which continue to be the main barriers in measuring the prevalence of DDI and characterizing the phenomenon in medical care. In this review, analytical models including Label Propagation using drug side effect data and Supervised Learning DDI Prediction model using Drug-Gene interactions (DGIs) data are discussed. Improved identification of DDIs in both of these models compared to previous versions are highlighted while limitations that include bias, inaccuracy, and insufficient data are also assessed. A case study of Psoriasis DDI prediction by DGI data using Random Forest Classifier was studied. Transfer Matrix Recurrent Neural Networks (TM-RNN) that address the above limitations are discussed in future works.
Quantitative analysis of the stochastic approach to quantum tunneling

Recently there has been increasing interest in alternate methods to compute quantum tunneling in field theory. Of particular interest is a stochastic approach which involves (i) sampling from the free theory Gaussian approximation to the Wigner distribution in order to obtain stochastic initial conditions for the field and momentum conjugate and then (ii) evolving under the classical field equations of motion, which leads to random bubble formation. Previous work showed parametric agreement between the logarithm of the tunneling rate in this stochastic approach and the usual instanton approximation. However, recent work [J. Braden , Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 031601 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123. 031601] claimed excellent agreement between these methods. Here we show that this approach does not in fact match precisely; the stochastic method tends to overpredict the instanton tunneling rate. To quantify this, we parameterize the standard deviations in the initial stochastic fluctuations by ϵσ, where σ is the actual standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution and ϵ is a fudge factor; ϵ=1 is the physical value. We numerically implement the stochastic approach to obtain the bubble formation rate for a range of potentials in 1+1 dimensions, finding that ϵ always needs to be somewhat smaller than unity to suppress the otherwise much larger stochastic rates toward the instanton rates; for example, in the potential of Braden et al., one needs ϵ≈1/2. We find that a mismatch in predictions also occurs when sampling from other Wigner distributions and in single-particle quantum mechanics even when the initial quantum system is prepared in an exact Gaussian state. If the goal is to obtain agreement between the two methods, our results show that the stochastic approach would be useful if a prescription to specify optimal fudge factors for fluctuations can be developed.
An Attention Based Neural Network for Jet Tagging

Convolutional neural networks are basic structures using jet images as input for the jet tagging problems. However, what they have learned during the training process is always difficult to understand just through feature maps. Inspired by the attention mechanism popular in machine learning fields, we propose a novel attention-based neural network (ABNN) to get insight of this problem. The ABNN combines a jet image with average jet images from the signal and the background to generate attention maps which show clearly the relevant importance according to the different origination of jets. Compared with networks in the similar architecture, this network achieves better performance, which indicates the potential of attention mechanism to use in other works.
Large Intelligent Surface Aided Physical Layer Security Transmission

In this paper, we investigate a large intelligent surface-enhanced (LIS-enhanced) system, where a LIS is deployed to assist secure transmission. Our design aims to maximize the achievable secrecy rates in different channel models, i.e., Rician fading, and (or) independent, and identically distributed Gaussian fading for the legitimate, and eavesdropper channels. In addition, we take into consideration an artificial noise-aided transmission structure for further improving system performance. The difficulties of tackling the aforementioned problems are the structure of the expected secrecy rate expressions, and the non-convex phase shift constraint. To facilitate the design, we propose two frameworks, namely the sample average approximation based (SAA-based) algorithm, and the hybrid stochastic projected gradient-convergent policy (hybrid SPG-CP) algorithm, to calculate the expectation terms in the secrecy rate expressions. Meanwhile, majorization minimization (MM) is adopted to address the non-convexity of the phase shift constraint. In addition, we give some analyses on two special scenarios by making full use of the expectation terms. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms effectively optimize the secrecy communication rate for the considered setup, and the LIS-enhanced system greatly improves secrecy performance compared to conventional architectures without LIS.