Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimizing Solid Waste Collection Routes Using Ant Colony Algorithm: A Case Study in Gaziantep District

This paper proposes an ant colony optimization algorithm for a capacitated vehicle routing problem to determine the shortest waste collection and transportation route covered by a waste collection truck in the Şahinbey municipality of Gaziantep/Turkey. The real-case problem concerns a capacity-restricted garbage compactor truck that collects and transports waste from 349 residential waste containers located in 148 collection points. Possible solutions obtained from the ant colony algorithm were compared with mixed-integer programming model solutions. The results of the proposed ant colony optimization algorithm showed that our model yields a 28% reduction in the total daily traveled distances and energy savings against existing consumption. The new solution also cuts the current annual waste collection and transportation expenditure per vehicle by 30%. It is shown that a considerably shorter route distance obtained in the algorithmic solution helps to reduce air pollution from the infamously inefficient garbage collection trucks. Eventually, the new route will considerably reduce labor costs, the high price of fuel, machinery and equipment maintenance as well as environmental pollution, because garbage compactor trucks are one of the least efficient vehicles on the road.
Emission Patterns of Esters and Their Precursors Throughout Ripening and Senescence in ‘Redchief Delicious’ Apple Fruit and Implications Regarding Biosynthesis and Aroma Perception

The volatile profile of ‘Redchief Delicious’ apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) fruit was evaluated at 18 time points from 3 weeks before to 8 weeks after onset of autocatalytic ethylene production to capture the dynamics associated with development from mature green to senescent fruit. Minor amounts of ester production began several days before the onset of ethylene production. Ester production rose rapidly as internal ethylene levels increased beyond 22 nmol·L−1 (0.5 µL·L−1). Peak ester production roughly coincided with maximum ethylene synthesis, declining thereafter. Ester production was further evaluated according to the acid- (alkanoate) and alcohol- (alkyl) derived portions of the ester. The maximum rate of production for a given ester tended to occur later in development as the chain length of the alcohol-derived portion declined. The production rate for many esters paralleled the rate of emanation of their respective alcohol substrates, suggesting that availability of the alcohols limits ester production more than availability of the acid substrates. Combining production rates with sensory descriptors and human sensitivity to individual volatiles permitted approximations of aroma sensations likely engendered by the fruit throughout ripening. Overripe and alcoholic sensations are predicted to increase 2 weeks after the initiation of ripening in response to an increase in the production of ethyl esters. Acetate esters predominated, comprising 50% to 80% of esters throughout maturation and ripening, indicating that the substrate acetyl-CoA may be at saturating levels for alcohol acyl transferase (AAT) at the final step of ester formation. Acetate feeding did not enhance ester production, although label from 13C-acetate was extensively incorporated into esters. The data are consistent with the action of multiple AAT isozymes differing in activity and substrate preference. Incorporation of labeled 13C-acetate into precursors of esters, alcohols, and acids, reflected ester biosynthesis via 1- and 2-carbon chain elongation pathways in ripening ‘Redchief Delicious’ apple fruit.
A fuzzy jump-diffusion option pricing model based on Merton formula

This paper proposes a fuzzy jump-diffusion option pricing model based on Merton's normal jump-diffusion price dynamics. The logarithm of the stock price is assumed to be a Gaussian fuzzy number and the diffusion and jump parameters of the Merton model are assumed to be triangular fuzzy numbers to model the impreciseness which occur due to the variation in financial markets. Using these assumptions, a fuzzy formula for a European call option has been proposed. Given any value of the option price, its belief degree is obtained by using the bisection search algorithm. The fuzzy call option prices have been defuzzified and it has been found that the fuzzy jump-diffusion model outperforms Wu's fuzzy Black- Scholes model. This is one of the first studies where the impreciseness of the stock price and input parameters has been modelled taking into account occasional large jumps in stock price trajectory and thereby proposing a fuzzy option pricing model.
Efficacy and Safety of Modified Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction Cream on Cancer Patients with Skin Side Effects Caused by EGFR Inhibition

(1) Background: The epidermal growth factor inhibitors (EGFRIs)/tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective for cancer target therapy, but acneiform rashes or so-called inflammatory papulopustular exanthemas are common (50% to 90%). The conventional therapy for EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin toxicity is steroids and antibacterial drugs, but it is still ineffective for some patients, and EGFRIs/TKIs dose reduction/interruption may be needed. In this study, a modified Chinese herbal medicine, Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction cream with Yin-Cold (YC) medicine characteristic, was investigated for the effect on patients suffering EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin toxicity. (2) Methods: The modified Huang-Lian-Jie-Du (mHLJD) decoction cream was made from 10 herbal medicines, including 4 major medicines (Huanglian, Huangqin, Huangbo, and Zhizi) in traditional HLJD decoction. Patients with EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin toxicity were enrolled. Patients were excluded if they also used other cream for skin toxicity. Skin conditions were monitored by follow up every 2 weeks. The patients’ characteristics, the skin toxicities, treatment response, and adverse events were recorded and analyzed until skin problems resolved or the study ended. (3) Results: The mHLJD decoction cream and its sub-packages were stored at 4 °C before use. Thirty-four patients who had grade 1–3 skin toxicities after receiving EGFRIs/TKIs were enrolled. Seven patients withdrew or were excluded. Finally, data from 27 patients were analyzed. The mean grade of rash acneiform was significantly decreased from 2.19 (ranged 1 to 3) to 0.88 (ranged 0 to 2) after mHLJD decoction cream treatment for 4 weeks and to 0.55 (ranged 0 to 2) after mHLJD decoction cream treatment for 8 weeks. Additionally, the mean grade of dry skin was also significantly decreased from 1.57 (ranged 1 to 2) to 0.71 (ranged 0 to 1) after mHLJD decoction cream treatment for 4 weeks. The changes of skin toxicity were significant, with no obvious adverse events. (4) Conclusions: In summary, the mHLJD decoction cream provides benefits for alleviation of EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin rash acneiform and dry skin. Additionally, no obvious side effects were found in patients using mHLJD decoction cream.
Validation of Numerically Predicted Shear Stress-dependent Dissipative Losses Within a Rotary Blood Pump

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Computational fluid dynamics find widespread application in the development of rotary blood pumps (RBPs). Yet, corresponding simulations rely on shear stress computations that are afflicted with limited resolution while lacking validation. This study aimed at the experimental validation of integral hydraulic properties to analyze global shear stress resolution across the operational range of a novel RBP. Pressure head and impeller torque were numerically predicted based on Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations and validated on a testbench with integrated sensor modalities (flow, pressure, and torque). Validation was performed by linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis across nine operating conditions. In power loss analysis (PLA), in silico hydraulic power losses were derived based on the validated hydraulic quantities and balanced with in silico shear-dependent dissipative power losses. Discrepancies among both terms provided a measure of in silico shear stress resolution. In silico and in vitro data correlated with low discordance in pressure (r = 0.992, RMSE = 1.02 mmHg), torque (r = 0.999, RMSE = 0.034 mNm), and hydraulic power losses (r = 0.990, RMSE = 0.015W). PLA revealed numerically predicted dissipative losses to be up to 34.4% smaller than validated computations of hydraulic losses. This study confirmed the suitability of URANS settings to predict integral hydraulic properties. However, numerical credibility was hampered by lacking resolution of shear-dependent dissipative losses.
Assessing Contribution Of Largest Investment Projects To The Rf Far East Economy

Starting from the late 20th century, the Far East of Russia faces serious challenges in its social and economic development, including the deterioration of the demographic situation and the growth of the share of resources in regions’ economies. To solve these problems, new regional policy tools were developed. These include advanced economic development areas and the free port of Vladivostok. These preference regimes aim at attracting investment in the economy of the macroregion by offering significant tax remissions and regular exemptions and they operate in the Far Eastern Federal District since 2015. We analyzed 20 large investment projects in the Far Eastern Federal District implemented by the residents of the advanced social and economic development areas and the free port of Vladivostok. During the analysis, we calculated the value added created through these projects. We assessed their share in the gross regional product of specific Far Eastern regions and the macroregion as a whole. We also calculated value added forecasts. We determined the structure of the value added according to the sources of primary income. The research showed that the share of the 20 largest projects in the gross regional product of the Far Eastern Federal District will increase by 2023. Due to the long lead times, the benefits of advanced social and economic development areas and the free port of Vladivostok should become visible 10-15 years after their establishment. We determined that between 2020 and 2023, the largest amount of value added will be received from resource extraction projects.
Unraveling the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Active Sites in N‐Functionalized Interconnected Graphene Quantum Dots

Herein we report for the first time, a unique three- dimensionally (3-D) interconnected and surface N functionalized (25%) graphene quantum dots (c-GQDs), which has been designed by a simple hydrazine hydrate treatment of GQDs in acidic condition at low temperature followed by a heat treatment that has remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic activity. A comparable exchange current density (i0: 0.8×10−3 A/cm2) with respect to the Pt/C and a low overpotential (220 mV; η10mA/cm2) has been observed for c-GQDs. The improved performance of the material is attributed to the unique structure of the N-interlinkage among the individual GQDs where the pyridinic-N-oxide develops electron rich active sites in the carbon framework for favourable H+ adsorption and desorption. We hope that our study may build up a new platform to the graphene based materials for various energy applications.
Offentlige myndigheder, digitalisering og god forvaltning: Holder de loven? Holder loven?

Den stadige teknologiske udvikling skaber løbende nye muligheder for offentlige myndigheders brug af digital teknologi til at understøtte deres opgaveløsning, uden at dette nødvendigvis er udtømmende reguleret i forvaltningsretlige retskilder som forvaltningslov og ombudsmandspraksis mv. I denne artikel kombinerer vi en retsvidenskabelig analyse med en kvalitativ undersøgelse af praksis hos danske offentlige myndigheder med henblik på at undersøge, hvorledes forskellige retsregler, principper, værdier og ekstralegale normer påvirker myndighedernes anvendelse af digital teknologi i sagsbehandlingen. To forskellige forvaltningsretlige temaer er i fokus: 1) myndigheders udformning og kommunikation af begrundelser, når der træffes afgørelser, og 2) myndigheders løbende kvalitetssikring af digitale løsningers understøttelse af sagsbehandling. Mens det ene tema (begrundelser) er adresseret direkte i lovgivningen samt domstolenes og Ombudsmandens praksis, er det andet tema (løbende kvalitetssikring) stort set kendetegnet ved et fravær af autoritative retskilder. Vores undersøgelse viser, at uanset om der er tale om et område, der er tydeligt adresseret i retskilder eller ej, kan dybereliggende, mere immanente forvaltningsretlige principper og værdier have vanskeligt ved at slå igennem i myndighedernes praksis. Desuden konkluderes det, at i situationer uden tydelige autoritative retskilder kan ekstralegale normer have væsentlig betydning for myndigheders praksis.
Paths to computational fluency for natural resource educators, researchers, and managers

Natural resource management and supporting research teams need computational fluency in the data and model‐rich 21st century. Computational fluency describes the ability of practitioners and scientists to conduct research and represent natural systems within the computer's environment. Advancement in information synthesis for natural resource management requires more sophisticated computational approaches, as well as reproducible, reusable, extensible, and transferable methods. Despite this importance, many new and current natural resource practitioners lack computational fluency and no common set of recommended resources and practices exist for learning these skills. Broadly, attaining computational fluency entails moving beyond the simple use of computers to applying sound computational principles and methods and including computational experts (such as computer scientists) on research teams. Our path for computational fluency includes using open‐source tools when possible; reproducible data management, statistics, and modeling; understanding and applying the benefits of basic computer programming to carry out more complex procedures; tracking code with version control; working in controlled computer environments; and using advanced computing resources.
The ‘Green’ Ni-UGSO Catalyst for Hydrogen Production under Various Reforming Regimes

A new spinelized Ni catalyst (Ni-UGSO) using Ni(NO3)2·6H2O as the Ni precursor was prepared according to a less material intensive protocol. The support of this catalyst is a negative-value mining residue, UpGraded Slag Oxide (UGSO), produced from a TiO2 slag production unit. Applied to dry reforming of methane (DRM) at atmospheric pressure, T = 810 °C, space velocity of 3400 mL/(h·g) and molar CO2/CH4 = 1.2, Ni-UGSO gives a stable over 168 h time-on-stream methane conversion of 92%. In this DRM reaction optimization study: (1) the best performance is obtained with the 10–13 wt% Ni load; (2) the Ni-UGSO catalysts obtained from two different batches of UGSO demonstrated equivalent performances despite their slight differences in composition; (3) the sulfur-poisoning resistance study shows that at up to 5.5 ppm no Ni-UGSO deactivation is observed. In steam reforming of methane (SRM), Ni-UGSO was tested at 900 °C and a molar ratio of H2O/CH4 = 1.7. In this experimental range, CH4 conversion rapidly reached 98% and remained stable over 168 h time-on-stream (TOS). The same stability is observed for H2 and CO yields, at around 92% and 91%, respectively, while H2/CO was close to 3. In mixed (dry and steam) methane reforming using a ratio of H2O/CH4 = 0.15 and CO2/CH4 = 0.97 for 74 h and three reaction temperature levels (828 °C, 847 °C and 896 °C), CH4 conversion remains stable; 80% at 828 °C (26 h), 85% at 847 °C (24 h) and 95% at 896 °C (24 h). All gaseous streams have been analyzed by gas chromatography. Both fresh and used catalysts are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS) and BET Specific surface. In the reducing environment of reforming, such catalytic activity is mainly attributed to (a) alloys such as FeNi, FeNi3 and Fe3Ni2 (reduction of NiFe2O4, FeNiAlO4) and (b) to the solid solution NiO-MgO. The latter is characterized by a molecular distribution of the catalytically active Ni phase while offering an environment that prevents C deposition due to its alkalinity.
Motivation in Foreign Language Classrooms at Tertiary Level: A Case Study

In teaching and learning a foreign language, especially English, motivation plays an extremely integral part in ensuring success. In this study, the researchers attempt to provide an overview of research on motivation and discover how motivation can assist second or foreign language learning in classrooms of English-majored students in the university setting. This study aims to investigate whether English-majored learners are motivated in learning English or not, focusing on extrinsic motivational factors to identify the factors to develop their motivation and maintain their journey of learning English. A questionnaire is devised and administered to 52 senior English-majored students. The data was then analyzed using the SPSS version 20. The results suggest that learners’ motivation is related to learning facilities and teacher’s personality which can encourage learners to think more positively and thus be more motivated in their language learning process. Along with providing specific recommendations for further research on motivation, the paper concludes by calling on for adopting a range of motivational factors that can promote English as a foreign or second language learning.
Sentiment Analisis Terhadap Cryptocurrency Berdasarkan Comment Dan Reply Pada Platform Twitter

Analisis sentiment saat ini banyak di gunakan masyarat sebagai bahan untuk mengetahui pendapat atau opini masyarakattentang berbagai macam hal. Dengan menggunakan sentiment analisis kita dapat mengklasifikasikan data apakah data tersebuttermasuk opini netral opini positif opini negatif. Penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis sentiment untuk mengukur tingkatakurasi dari pendapat masyarakat pada tiga cryptocurrency yaitu Bitcoin,ethereum,ripple dengan metode Naive Bayes dansupport vector machine yang berguna untuk mengetahui nilai akurasi yang tertinggi dari dua metode yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini. Ada banyak metode yang bisa digunakan untuk mengkasifikasikan opini tersebut, namun penelitian ini dipilihmetode Naive Bayes dan Support vector machine, dengan alasan metede tersebut banyak di gunakan oleh peneliti lain danmenghasilkan nilai akurasi yang tinggi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berupa data perbandingan dari akurasi. hasil akurasidari 3 cryptocurrency SVM lebih besar dari pada nilai akurasi 3 cryptocurrency Naive Bayes.
Interpretation of Mass Spectra

The chapter includes an introduction to the main ionisation techniques in mass spectrometry and theway the resulting fragments can be analysed. First, the fundamental notions of mass spectrometry are explained, so that the reader can easily cover this chapter (graphs, main pick, molecular ion, illogical pick, nitrogen rule, etc.). Isotopic percentage and nominalmass calculation are also explained alongwith fragmentationmechanism.Aparagraph emphasises the ionisation energy issues, the basics of ionisation voltage, the developing potential and the energy balance. A frame time of the main theoretical milestones in both theory and experimental mass spectrometry is highlighted here. In the second part of the chapter, the molecular fragmentation for alkanes, iso-alkanes, cycloalkanes, halogen, alcohols, phenols, ethers, carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids and functional derivatives, nitrogen compounds (amines, nitro compounds), sulphur compounds, heterocycles and biomolecules (amino acids, steroids, triglycerides) is explained. Fragmentation schemes are followed by the simplified spectra, which help the understanding of such complex phenomena. At the end of the chapter, acquisition of mass spectrum is discussed. The chapter presented here is an introduction to mass spectrometry, which, we think, helps the understanding of the mechanism of fragmentation corroborating spectral data and molecular structures.
Analysis of the Structure of Public Hospitals Administration in Iran: A Qualitative Study

Background: Public hospitals account for approximately 80% of the health system resources while producing only 20% of the public sector's output. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the current administration structure (strengths, weaknesses, solutions, and proposed models) of Iranian public hospitals. Methods: This study is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The required data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 58 national experts in the field of hospital management who were selected based on the purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. Results: Nine main themes and 34 sub-themes were identified in the weaknesses. The strengths contained four main themes and 16 sub-themes. The proposed solutions had five main themes and 22 sub-themes, and the proposed models from the experts' points of view were composed of four main themes and six sub-themes. The important weaknesses were low commitment and motivation, poor financial management and budgeting, and centralized decision-making and management. The strengths included strong infrastructure, extensive service delivery, government support, and positive social functions. The most important proposed solutions were complying with the requirements of structural reform, development of related assessment indicators, public-private partnership, payment system reform, delegation, manpower management, hospital organizational structure, and reform of the tariff system. Finally, the model of the Board of Trustees, while maintaining government ownership but observing the legal requirements of this structure, was the main suggestion of experts on reforming the structure of the administration of public hospitals in Iran. Conclusions: According to the expert’s opinions, the current structure of Iranian public hospitals has many problems. Managers and policymakers can make the necessary corrections based on the solutions and models proposed in this study.
On the Use of Infrared Thermography for the Estimation of Melting Enthalpy

A calorimetry method based on infrared thermography is showing promise for material screening, allowing the simultaneous detection of phase transitions of multiple samples at a time, hence enabling the establishment of phase diagrams in a record time. The working principle of this method is similar to the one of Differential Thermal Analysis. Therefore, this work aims at identifying if the melting enthalpy of materials could be estimated on the same basis using infrared thermography. In this work, the melting of six eutectic mixtures of fatty acids is estimated under three considerations. The results are compared to Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements and literature data. The accuracy of the method is discussed and improvements are proposed.