Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power output and tissue oxygenation of women and girls during repeated Wingate tests and recovery

Supervisory Committee Dr. Kathy Gaul (School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education) Supervisor Dr. Lynneth Stuart-Hill (School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education) Departmental Member The purpose of this study was to compare the exercise and recovery muscle oxygenation response of Women and Girls during two 30s Wingate anaerobic tests separated by two minutes of active cycling recovery (resistance ≈ 2.5% body weight, 60-80rpm). Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), total hemoglobin (tHb), and tissue saturation index (TSI) were monitored at the right vastus lateralis muscle using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) throughout exercise, recovery, and a post-exercise femoral artery occlusion to TSI plateau. Pressure was preset at 250mmHg for Women and 210mmHg for Girls, achieved by rapid inflation in 0.3 seconds, and maintained until a 2 minute TSI plateau occurred or 10 minutes had passed. Twenty Women (23.8[2.12] years) and 13 Girls (9[1] years, combined Tanner stage <4) completed all tasks excepting 1 girl who did not complete occlusion. Significant group, time, and group by time interaction effects were observed for peak and mean power (Watts . kgFFM -1 ). Women had significantly greater power output compared to Girls for both Wingates. While both groups had reduced power output in Wingate 2, the reduction was significantly greater in Women compared to Girls. No significant group differences were found for resting TSI, recovery TSI, minimum TSI during either Wingate test, or for minimum TSI during occlusion, however a time main effect for Women was observed with minimum TSI being significantly lower in Wingate 1 compared to Wingate 2. Girls had similar minimum TSI
The Association between Blood Β-Hydroxybutyric Acid Concentration in the Second Week of Lactation and Reproduction Performance of Lithuanian Black and White Cows

Simple Summary Determination of BHB concentration in the second week of lactation (WK 2) may allow us to predict the fertility properties of cows and help better manage farms. BHB concentration can be considered as a predictor trait of reproduction success. High BHB concentration requires a higher amount of insemination. The season in which the cows calve and the parity must be considered in the assessment as these factors affect BHB concentration in WK 2. Abstract Hyperketonemia is a very common metabolic state in dairy cows, which result in lower milk production, impaired fertility, and increased frequency of other diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of season, parity, and milk yield of cows on beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration in the second week of lactation (WK 2) and establish the relationship between BHB concentration in WK 2 and reproduction performance traits such as insemination rate and first insemination day of Lithuanian Black and White dairy cows. The study included clinically healthy Lithuanian Black and White cows (n = 692). Blood BHB concentration was measured using capillary blood samples collected after morning milking when cows were 7–10 DIM. The impact of WK 2 blood BHB concentration on the insemination rate and first insemination day were investigated. The effect of BHB was evaluated according to the season, parity, and milk yield per lactation (305 DIM). Significant differences were observed in BHB concentration in WK 2 due to season and parity, but no statistically significant differences were observed for milk yields (305 d). Increased blood BHB concentration in WK 2 negatively affected insemination rate (p < 0.001) and first insemination day (p < 0.001). The study findings indicate that BHB concentration in WK 2 depends on season and parity, while the milk yield is not associated with BHB concentration. High BHB concentration in WK 2 increases insemination rate and delays the first insemination day for high milk-yielding Lithuanian Black and White dairy cows.
Using formal assessments along with response to intervention for students with learning disability in Saudi Arabia

An exploratory qualitative study was conducted to understand the importance of response to intervention with formal assessments in the public school systems in the United States and transfer this knowledge in order in introducing response to intervention with formal assessments in Saudi Arabia. An interpretivism theoretical perspective was used in this phenomenological study, which included structured interviews with three participants in the special education field. Three themes that emerged from the findings were divided as follows; implementation of assessments in the United States, importance of response to intervention, and the current situation of assessments and response to intervention in Saudi Arabia’s educational system. Participants agreed that in order to apply response to intervention in Saudi Arabia, it is important to assure the establishment of response to intervention and formal assessments by encouraging policy makers, teachers, and parents to work as a team in order to create laws that will support the implementation of response to intervention.
Aerosol Jet® Printing of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(Styrenesulfonate) onto Micropatterned Substrates for Neural Cells In Vitro Stimulation

In neural tissue engineering (NTE), topographical, electrical, mechanical and/or biochemical stimulations are established methods to regulate neural cell activities in in vitro cultures. Aerosol Jet® Printing is here proposed as enabling technology to develop NTE integrated devices for electrically combined stimulations. The printability of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) commercial ink onto a reference substrate was firstly investigated and the effect of the process parameters on the quality of printed lines was analyzed. The study was then extended for printing thick electrodes and interconnects; the print strategy was finally transferred to a silicon-based wafer with patterned microchannels of proven cellular adhesion and topographical guidance. The results showed values of electrical resistance equal to ~16 Ω for printed electrodes which are ~33 μm thick and ~2 mm wide. The electrical impedance of the final circuit in saline solution was detected in the range of 1 – 2 kΩ at 1 kHz, which is in line with the expectations for bioelectronic neural interfaces. However, cells viability assays on the commercial PEDOT: PSS ink demonstrated a dose dependent cytotoxic behavior. The potential cause is associated with the presence of a cytotoxic co-solvent in the ink’s formulation, which is released in the medium culture, even after a post-sintering process on the printed electrodes. This work is a first step to develop innovative in vitro NTE devices via a printed electronic approach. It also sheds new insights the transfer of AJ® print strategies across different substrates, and biocompatibility of commercial PEDOT: PSS inks.
Volatile Analysis of Wuliangye Baijiu by LiChrolut EN SPE Fractionation Coupled with Comprehensive GC×GC-TOFMS

Wuliangye baijiu is one of the most famous Chinese liquors with a protected geographical indication. This study used LiChrolut® EN-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) and fractionation combined with comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) to unveil its volatile composition. The volatiles were isolated with LiChrolut® EN-based SPE and traditional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The neutral/basic fractions from LLE and the SPE were fractionated on a LiChrolut® EN SPE column and analyzed by comprehensive GC×GC-TOFMS. Compared with LLE, more esters and alcohols were detected in the SPE-based extraction. The SPE fractionation and GC×GC-TOFMS analysis resulted in the identification of about 500 volatile compounds in more than 3000 peaks of the Wuliangye baijiu. The approach simplifies the complex baijiu composition into functional group-based fractions for reliable identification and analysis. This study provided a confidence volatile identification approach for Chinese baijiu based on the SPE fractionation GC×GC-TOFMS.
Multi-antenna GNSS tight combination attitude determination in the urban environment

It is a challenging task to determine dynamic vehicle attitude using a single-frequency single-epoch multi-antenna global navigation satellite system (GNSS). In the urban environment, the number of visible satellites drops sharply due to the occlusion of trees and tall buildings, hence it is difficult to obtain the high-precision attitude of vehicles using only a multi-antenna GNSS. The GNSS tight combination algorithm selects the same reference satellite between different systems, and can effectively increase the number of observation equations after eliminating the inter-system bias, to improve the attitude accuracy of vehicles in complex environments. Compared with the loose combination algorithm, which selects reference satellites separately between different systems, the tight combination algorithm can further improve the locatable performance when there are fewer satellites. Dynamic vehicle experiments were carried out in an open environment and a complex environment, respectively, using the GPS/BDS/GALILEO three-system single-frequency and single-epoch positioning mode. The results show that the tight combination algorithm and the loose combination algorithm have the same accuracy when there are enough visible satellites in the open environment. In a complex environment, with a cut-off elevation angle of 40°, the percentage of pitch angle error, yaw angle error and roll angle error within 2° increased by 6.1%, 8.07% and 13.43%, respectively, and the ambiguity fixed rate was increased by 14.78%.
Energy Consumption for Heating Considering Interior and Exterior Conditions in Production Buildings

This article describes some microclimate parameters in chosen production building and their influence on the whole energy consumption for heating in winter period. The article presents the monitoring of physical aspects of chosen hall object, which is in poor technical condition. The content of this contribution is the comparison of energy saving according to indoor conditions in selected industrial object in the present state. The article deals with hygrothermal parameter analysis in industrial production building, considering the effects on energy consumption for heating.
Extremum-Seeking-Based Adaptive Model-Free Control and Its Application to Automated Vehicle Path Tracking

Traditional automated vehicle path-tracking algorithms require plant models to derive the respective control laws. However, the accurate vehicle model is difficult to obtain due to the complex tire-road interaction, time-varying parameters, and unknown disturbances. Consequently, data-driven controllers, which do not rely on a predefined plant model, have become increasingly popular. Notably, the model-free control (MFC), which expresses the derivatives of a controlled output as the sums of an amplified control input and an offset term, provides a straightforward solution to ground vehicle path tracking. Despite its ease of use, the control gain tuning of MFC remains largely a trial-and-error process, which could be both painstaking and poorly performing. Existing adaptive gain-tuning methods either rely on the command at the last step to iteratively update the control gain at the current step, or try to simultaneously identify the control gain and the offset term. However, they could yield chattering or unbounded control gains. To provide a new perspective for the MFC control gain tuning while improving MFC's control performance, we integrate MFC with the extremum-seeking control (ESC). ESC updates the control gain of MFC in real time to progressively enhance the control performance of MFC. Simulink–CarSim simulations and scaled car field tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed extremum-seeking-based adaptive model-free controller.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS, SENSOR ARRAY AND COMPLEX-VALUED SIGNAL PROCESSING

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF T ECHNOLOGY P. O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk. fi Author Esa Ollila Name of the dissertation Manuscript submitted November 1, 2009 Manuscript revised F ebruary 5, 2010 Date of the defence March 5, 2010 Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Monograph Faculty Department Field of research Opponent(s) Supervisor Instructor Abstract
Dynamically Generated Question Answering Evidence using Efficient Context-preserving Subdivision

Recently published datasets for open-domain question answering follow question elicitation from a fairly small snippet of Wikipedia content. Often centered around an article section, the evidence is further subdivided into context-unaware passages of uniform token-lengths to found the basic retrieval units. In this study we hypothesized that splitting a section perceived as an opaque text fragment may hinder quality of answer span predictions. We propose to dynamically draw content corresponding to an article-section url from the most updated online Wikipedia rather than from an archived snapshot. Hence approaching space complexity of O(1), downward from O(n) for a dataset that is fully populated with static context. We then parse the url bound content and feed our neural retriever with a list of paragraph-like html elements that preserve context boundaries naturally. Using knowledge distillation from a sustainable language model pretrained on the large SQuAD 2.0 dataset to the state-of-the-art QuAC domain, shows that during inference our natural context split recovered answer span predictions by 7.5 F1 and 4.1 EM points over a synthetic distribution of fixed-length
Factors that Affect the Decision of Having Nuclear Energy and Predictions for Turkey

Using data for 67 countries for the period 1980-2005, we analyze to what extent do the decisions of having nuclear power and the share of nuclear energy in total energy use depend on economic, politic, social and geographic factors. Our econometric model that takes the selectivity problems of the sample into consideration reveals a positive relationship between per capita real income and the probability of selecting to have nuclear power. This relationship, however, weakens as the level of income further increases. Probability of selecting nuclear energy initially rises with income, but when the income increases beyond $31,800, it starts to decline. We also find that, the probability of opting for nuclear power continuously increases for Turkey starting fro m 1990s and becomes approximately 45%-46% by 2007. When we use the new GDP series of Turkish Statistical Institute in our estimations, the estimated probability of selecting the nuclear energy for Turkey increases to approximately 60%. Finally, we find that if Turkey had a nuclear power generator today, the share of nuclear energy in total energy would be approximately 14%-16%.
A Compact In-Band Full Duplexing Antenna With Quasi-Isotropic Radiation Pattern for IoT-Based Smart Home and Intravehicle Wireless Communication Applications

An innovative planner in-band full duplexing antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation pattern is proposed for the first time in this article for Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart home and intravehicle wireless communication applications. The antenna consists of a radiating patch, a fence-strip resonator (FSR), and a ground plane with the same size as the radiating patch. The fence in the FSR located in the center plane of the patch has the function of simultaneously acting as a part of the resonator to improve the isolation between the transmitting port and the receiving port and as an electric current source for radiating a quasi-isotropic pattern. When the FSR resonates, a quasi-TEM field is formed mainly concentrated in the half of the antenna. The magnetic field generates surface electric current on the fence, and the electric field generates surface magnetic current on the open-ended aperture. The surface electric current and the surface magnetic current are not only orthogonal to each other but also have a phase difference of 90°. Theoretical analysis is provided to clarify the mechanism by which such a combination of radiation sources can generate a quasi-isotropic radiation pattern. To verify the proposed concepts, a high port isolation full duplexing antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation pattern is designed and fabricated, which has a compact size of $0.28\,\,\lambda _{0} \times 0.28 \lambda _{0}\times 0.042 {\lambda }_{0}$ ( ${\lambda }_{0}$ is the free space wavelength at 2.45 GHz). A measured isolation greater than 24 dB is achieved over the operating band from 2.42 to 2.50 GHz. The measurement results also show that the gain variation (GV) of port1 and port2 on the entire virtual radiation spherical surface is less than 6.88 and 6.74 dB, respectively.
The sequence specific DNA binding activity of pogo transposase

Transposable elements are DNA fragments which move from one position to another within and sometimes between genomes. They have been found in organisms ranging from bacteria to human, and have been shown making up 10-20 % of the total genome in eukaryotes. Transposase is the protein encoded by the transposon which is responsible for catalysing transposition reactions. pogo is a transposable element in Drosophila melanogaster which transposes from DNA to DNA. It is 2.1 kb in size with 21 bp terminal inverted repeats and two open reading frames. cDNA analysis shows the two ORFs code for a single peptide which is supposed to be the putative transposase. However, no more information was available about this transposase before the start of this thesis. In this thesis, the two ORFs believed to code for pogo transposase were joined in frame by PCR and cloned into a pGEX vector. The pogo transposase was fused to the C-termini of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and expressed in E. coli. The DNA binding activity of pogo transposase was tested by gel retardation assays in the presence of specific and non-specific competitors. pogo transposase was shown to be able to bind specifically to the end sequences of the element. The transposase binding sites within the pogo element were identified by testing the transposase binding ability of deleted end sequences of the element. A 12 base pair consensus sequence was found and shown to be responsible for binding to the transposase. There are several copies of the 12 bp transposase binding site located near each end, in the 5' subterminal region, and in the middle of the element respectively. The binding sites at the ends might be involved in forming the synaptic DNA-protein complex and others in regulating transposition. The DNA binding domain of pogo transposase was identified by expressing different regions of the transposase and determining their sequence specific DNA binding ability. The DNA binding domain has been shown to be located in the Nterminal 75 amino acid region. Site directed mutagenesis was used to study the role of the predicted helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif located within the DNA binding domain. Substitution of the positively charged basic amino acids within the recognition helix by alanine abolished the DNA binding activity of the protein; Substitutions introducing prolines into the first or second helices to disrupt their structures also greatly reduced the DNA binding activity of the protein. These data support the idea that the HTH motif in the DNA binding domain is responsible for the specific DNA binding activity of the transposase.
Proximity Ligation Mapping of Microcephaly Associated SMPD4 Shows Association with Components of the Nuclear Pore Membrane

SMPD4 is a neutral sphingomyelinase implicated in a specific type of congenital microcephaly. Although not intensively studied, SMPD4 deficiency has also been found to cause cell division defects. This suggests a role for SMPD4 in cell-cycle and differentiation. In order to explore this role, we used proximity ligation to identify the partners of SMPD4 in vivo in HEK293T cells. We found that these partners localize near the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the nuclear membrane. Using mass spectrometry, we could identify these partners and discovered that SMPD4 is closely associated with several nucleoporins, including NUP35, a nucleoporin directly involved in pore membrane curvature and pore insertion. This suggests that SMPD4 may play a role in this process.
APLIKASI PENJADWALAN MATA KULIAH MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (PSO)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun aplikasi penjadwalan kuliah menggunakan algoritma Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Algoritma ini dipilih sebagai algoritma yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini karena algoritma PSO yang merupakan algoritma heuristik, adalah salah satu metode optimasi yang menggabungkan localsearch dan global search. Algoritma ini dapat memecahkan masalah dengan membentuk partikel-partikel pada populasi awal secara acak, mengevaluasi nilai fitness, dan meng-update velocity serta posisi dari partikel. Dengan demikian diharapkan output yang dihasilkan merupakan kombinasi terbaik dari serangkaian komponen yang ada. Kasus penjadwalan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penjadwalan mata kuliah di UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau (UIN SUSKA). Permasalahan yang terjadi pada penjadwalan mata kuliah di UIN SUSKA Riau adalah tidak optimalnya pemenuhan beberapa contraint seperti keterbatasan ruangan. Dari hasil pengujian, aplikasi penjadwalan perkuliahan meggunakan algoritma PSO mampu menghasilkan jadwal perkuliahan yang sudah tidak ada bentrok tetapi masih tidak memenuhi dari segi kualitas yaitu jam dimulainya perkuliahan inti yang difokuskan pada jam-jam yang efektif. Kata kunci: Constraint, Fitness, Particle swarm optimizaton, Penjadwalan
Steel Buildings Damage Classification by Damage Spectrum and Decision Tree Algorithm

Results of damage prediction in buildings can be used as a useful tool for managing and decreasing seismic risk of earthquakes. In this study, damage spectrum and C4.5 decision tree algorithm were utilized for damage prediction in steel buildings during earthquakes. In order to prepare the damage spectrum, steel buildings were modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system and time-history nonlinear analysis was carried out to develop a set of SDOF structures. Then, damage index was used to prepare the damage spectrum. Data parameters required for training and evaluating the C4.5 decision tree algorithm were obtained from the results of damage spectra for steel structures and using Krawinkler damage index Also, two decision trees were trained based on quantitative indices. The first decision tree determined whether damage occurred in buildings or not and the second predicted severity of damage as repairable, beyond repair, or collapse. decision tree classification algorithm was used to predict damage to steel structures.