Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Matrix converters: a technology review

The matrix converter is an array of controlled semiconductor switches that connects directly the three-phase source to the three-phase load. This converter has several attractive features that have been investigated in the last two decades. In the last few years, an increase in research work has been observed, bringing this topology closer to the industrial application. This paper presents the state-of-the-art view in the development of this converter, starting with a brief historical review. An important part of the paper is dedicated to a discussion of the most important modulation and control strategies developed recently. Special attention is given to present modern methods developed to solve the commutation problem. Some new arrays of power bidirectional switches integrated in a single module are also presented. Finally, this paper includes some practical issues related to the practical application of this technology, like overvoltage protection, use of filters and ride-through capability.
Concentric Annular-Ring Microstrip Antenna With Circular Polarization

In this letter, we present a concentric annular-ring microstrip antenna that covers the bands of Galileo (E5a, E5b, E1, E2, L1), GPS (L1, L2, L5), and GLONASS (L1, L3). This microstrip antenna is fed by four apertures that improve the coupling. Broad band phase shifters and Wilkinson power combiners are used to generate the required circular polarization.
The authors reply.

Accuracy of calibration in the validation cohort was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square test and the accompanying p value, based on 10 subgroups of participants and 8 df. Random subsamples of a standard size (n = 1,000). Figure 1. Change in acute organ failure score versus 90-day all-cause mortality rate. Locally weighted scatter plot smoothing is used to represent the near linear association between change in acute organ failure score and 90-day all-cause mortality rate in the validation cohort. about the direction (underestimation or overestimation of the risk) and about the magnitude of the miscalibration. The recent guidance from Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis Initiative (http://www.tripod-statement.org) (3, 4) suggested that calibration should be assessed graphically by plotting predicted outcome probabilities (x-axis) against observed outcomes (y-axis) using a high-resolution smoothed (LOESS) line. The direction and magnitude of any miscalibration can then be examined across the entire probability range. Such approach would constitute a great addition to this study. Dr. Le Manach served as a board member for Anesthesiology and received support for travel. His institution received grant support. Dr. Collins has disclosed that he does not have any potential conflicts of interest.
Value of Flexible Resources, Virtual Bidding, and Self-Scheduling in Two-Settlement Electricity Markets With Wind Generation—Part II: ISO Models and Application

In Part II of this paper, we present formulations for three two-settlement market models: Baseline cost-minimization (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\textit{Stoch}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\textit{Opt}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>); and two sequential market models in which an independent system operator (ISO) runs real-time (RT) balancing markets after making day-ahead (DA) generating unit commitment decisions based upon deterministic wind forecasts, while virtual bidders arbitrage the two markets ( <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\textit{Seq}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\textit{Seq}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ${{SS}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>). The latter two models differ in terms of whether some slow-start generators can self-schedule in the DA market while anticipating probabilities of RT prices. Models in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\textit{Seq}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\textit{Seq}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ${{SS}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> build on components of the two-settlement equilibrium model (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\textit{Stoch}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ${{MP}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) defined in Part I of this paper [J. Kazempour and B. F. Hobbs, “Value of flexible resources, virtual bidding, and self-scheduling in two-settlement electricity markets with wind generation - Part I: Principles and competitive model,” <italic>IEEE Trans. Power Syst. </italic>, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 749–759, Jan. 2018]. We then provide numerical results for all four models. A simple single-node case illustrates the economic impacts of flexibility, virtual bidding, and self-schedules, and is followed by a larger case study based on the 24-node IEEE reliability test system. Their results confirm that flexible resources, including fast-start generators and demand response, can reduce expected costs in a sequential two-settlement market. In addition, virtual bidders can also improve the functioning of sequential markets. In some circumstances, virtual bidders (together with self-scheduling by slow-start generators) enable deterministic ISO DA markets to obtain the least (expected) cost unit commitments.
Spermatozoon as a Vehicle for Viruses

In the last decade, a viral infection of semen and sperm is the subject of intensive research. The research of viral infection of spermatozoa and its consequences for reproduction reached its peak with the beginning and development of methods of artificial reproduction. There are number of viruses known that they can infect the semen-the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV). Intra-gamete viral infection of spermatozoa is a widespread phenomenon. It is not yet enough data that would determine the true role of vertical virus transmission for the infection spread, and for abnormalities at embryonic development. However, there are more data available that can prove these phenomena. Solution to the problem of the possibility of a viral infection in human sperm is of fundamental importance. If the germ cells are infected themselves, then the mechanisms of reproduction may be involved. In this case, specific antiviral therapy for men can prevent some cases of miscarriage at a natural pregnancy and improve the outcomes of ART applications. Int J cell Sci & mol biol 2(4): IJCSMB.MS.ID.555593 (2017) 00
Reconfiguration of control strategies for high power DFIG wind turbine system to meet grid code requirements

Nowadays, there is a tendency to increase the capacity of wind turbines, multilevel converter is a realistic alternative in such high power applications. As the wind power penetration continues to increase, grid codes have been revised to require wind farms to operate as conventional power plants. This paper proposes a reconfiguration scheme of control strategies for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine system, which dominates the wind market at present due to the significant advantages. Simulation and experimental results have proven excellent performances in both normal and fault conditions and verified that the studied system can completely meet the latest gird code requirements with the proposed reconfiguration methodology.
Isolated autosomal dominant typeB brachydactyly: exclusion oflinkage tocandidate regions 2q37and20q13

TypeE brachydactyly isa digital malformtration whichcharacteristical ly causes an asymmnetrical shortening of one or more metacarpals ormetatarsals orboth. Although commnonly seenaspartofasyndrome, itcanbeinherited asanautosomal dominantcharacteristic, thegeneacting withvariable expressivity, butcomplete penetrance. As an Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO)-like syndrome including brachydactyly typeE andmental retardation may be causedby (micro) deletions at chromosome 2q37,this region together withtheAHO locusat chromosome20q13were considered as candidate lociforbrachydactyly typeE. Inthispaperwe describe a famifly with isolated autosomal dominanttypeE brachydactyly inwhom molecular analysis excludeslinkage totheseregions, providing support forfurther genetic heterogeneity ofthistrait. (J7Med Genet1996;33:873-876)
Co‐expression of MGMTP140K and α‐L‐iduronidase in primary hepatocytes from mucopolysaccharidosis type I mice enables efficient selection with metabolic correction

Systemic in vivo gene therapy has resulted in widespread correction in animal models when treated at birth. However, limited improvement was observed in postnatally treated animals with mainly targeting to the liver and bone marrow. It has been shown that an O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase variant (MGMTP140K) mediated in vivo selection of transduced hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in animals.
Not Whether, But When: Gaining Buy-in for Computerized Clinical Processes

JONA • Vol. 34, No. 2 • February 2004 55 If your hospital has not already implemented an electronic clinical information system, the odds are that it will soon start moving in that direction. Concerns about improving patient safety and quality of care, as well as the potential for increasing nursing productivity and satisfaction in the face of the nursing shortage, are powerful drivers, especially when technology exists to address these issues. Organizations using clinical information systems have demonstrated substantial benefits, including significant reductions in preventable medication errors and fewer hours spent on clinical documentation. Still, relatively few institutions have fully implemented electronic systems. Getting from the initial decision all the way to successful implementation is a lengthy process with numerous potential obstacles and pitfalls. Clinical information systems are complex software suites, often with subtle (or not-so-subtle) differences in functionality that must be evaluated in terms of the organization’s requirements. Hardware may need to be upgraded or replaced and new devices such as tablet personal computers (PCs) or laptops purchased in order to take full advantage of the system’s functionality. Because of this complexity, it is easy for healthcare organizations to focus on the information technology (IT) aspects of the implementation and treat it like any other IT project. However, once the appropriate system with the necessary features and functionality is selected, IT is only part of a much larger equation. At that point, the exercise becomes one of large-scale organizational change management, not simply technology management. Perhaps the most critical factor that determines the success or failure of the project is getting buy-in, at every step in the process, from the people who will be using it. They need to see the value in it for them, and they need to participate actively in the organizational change. Healthcare administrators historically have worked hard to win the hearts and minds of physician users when deciding on and implementing new technology, although they may be (for many reasons) the last group of clinicians to be brought online, after nurses and pharmacists. Nursing staff may be overlooked in the change management process, yet they are the linchpin that holds everything together. Nurses are responsible for the clinical documentation on which many other clinicians’ interactions with the system are based. Conversely, successful implementation of clinical documentation will go a long way toward ensuring the success of other elements, including computerized physician order entry (CPOE). A nurse executive who can lead the nursing staff to embrace electronic systems will ease the process for the rest of the executive team. A discussion of key success factors (Figure 1) follows.
Clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of patients at a rehabilitation center for chemical dependency.

OBJECTIVE Identify the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of chemically dependent people undergoing treatment at a daytime ambulatory care center specialized in treating chemical dependency in Lima, Peru, and describe their dropout rates. METHOD Quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory study based on secondary data. The instrument used was the individual notification record from the information system for the treatment demand. RESULTS The demand was composed mostly of young, single men who were unemployed or underemployed. The most common diagnosis was dependency on cocaine-based drugs and the age of the onset of use was between 15 and 19 years. The dropout rate was 85%, and 48% remained in treatment for only one day. CONCLUSION The results highlight important factors to be considered in the evaluation of public policies on prevention, treatment, and supply control. We recommend more inclusive and participatory public policies.
Youth Unemployment and Crime: New Lessons Exploring Longitudinal Register Data

This paper investigates the link between youth unemployment and crime using a unique combination of labor market and conviction data spanning the entire Swedish working-age population over an extended period. The empirical analysis reveals large and statistically significant effects of unemployment on several types of crime. The magnitude of the effect is similar across different subgroups of the population. In contrast to most previous studies, the results suggest that joblessness explain a meaningful portion of why male youths are overrepresented among criminal offenders. I discuss reasons for the discrepancy in the results and show that that the use of aggregated measures of labor market opportunities in past studies is likely to capture offsetting general equilibrium effects. Contrary to predictions by economic theory the effect of unemployment on crime is not mediated by income. Instead, an analysis of crimes committed during weekdays versus weekends provides suggestive evidence that unemployment increases the time that individuals have to engage in crime.
A miniaturized transmission line with a mesh-structure signal metal for CMOS ICs

A transmission line, which has a mesh-structure signal metal, is presented in this work for standard CMOS processes. It is desirable for a transmission line in a CMOS IC to be small in size and have low insertion loss. We propose a novel transmission line with large phase constant so that the circuit element using the proposed line can be constructed with a small area. This paper explains the proposed transmission line structure using mesh-structure signal metal and presents experimental results. This paper also describes a suitable type of transmission line for millimeter-wave CMOS IC. With the proposed transmission line, the element size can be reduced by 8.2% compared with that of the conventional one.
Polyelectrolyte effects on site‐binding equilibria with application to the intercalation of drugs into DNA

A theory of polyelectrolyte effects on site‐binding equilibria is generalized to multivalent ligands, multivalent supporting salt, intercalation, and multiple‐site exclusion. The theory, which contains no adjustable parameters, except the number of sites excluded by a bound ligand, gives the dependence of the equilibrium constant on the binding fraction and the salt concentration. The theory is compared with prior experimental data for the dissociation of poly(acrylic acid), the binding of magnesium to polyphosphate, and the binding of ethidium and actionomycin D to DNA. The theory predicts the binding fraction dependence of the dissociation constant of poly(acrylic acid) well. The theory predicts the binding fraction dependence of the association constant of the binding of Mg2+ to polyphosphate well, if either one or two phosphates are bound by a magnesium ion. We conclude that polyelectrolyte effects on drug‐DNA equilibria must be substantial. It follows that an incorrect estimate of the number of sites excluded by a bound drug molecule (because of its size or some other nonpolyelectrolyte effect) can be obtained from binding data if polyelectrolyte effects are ignored. The estimate is also within the context of, and subject to the validity of, the model used to describe the nonpolyelectrolyte contribution to binding. Our results suggest that, subject to these conditions, the anticooperativity of the binding of ethidium to DNA might be explained solely in terms of polyelectrolyte effects, and without reference to multiple‐site exclusion, if sequence‐specificity effects can be safely ignored. Our results also suggest that as few as two base pairs might be excluded by an actinomycin molecule. The theory gives fairly good agreement for the salt‐concentration dependence of the association constant of all of the systems studied, including the complex of the neutral drug actinomycin with DNA.
Electronic Information and Applications in Musicology and Music Theory

IN THE FIELD OF MUSIC, the impact of electronic information goes beyond research on music and writings about music to the processes of creating, notating, printing, performing, and recording music. The overview of electronic publications and information resources selectively covers: (1)bibliographic citations of books, articles, scores, and sound recordings; (2)electronic network resources; (3)databases, some with music incipits or complete scores in image or sound or both; (4) music laboratory environments; and (5) commercial multimedia products.
A Cell Culture Model of Latent and Lytic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in Spiral Ganglion

Purpose of the Study: Reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) is supposed to be one of the causes of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. This study aims to establish a cell culture model of latent and lytic HSV-1 infection in spiral ganglia. Procedures: In the presence of acyclovir, primary cultures of SGNs were latently infected with HSV-1 expressing green fluorescent protein. Four days later, these cells were treated with trichostatin A (TSA), a known chemical reactivator of HSV-1. TCID50 was used to measure the titers of virus in cultures on Vero cells. RNA from cultures was detected for the presence of transcripts of ICP27 and latency-associated transcript (LAT) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: There is no detectable infectious HSV-1 in latently infected cultures, whereas they could be observed in both lytically infected and latently infected/TSA-treated cultures. LAT was the only detectable transcript during latent infection, whereas lytic ICP27 transcript was detected in lytically infected and latently infected/TSA-treated cultures. Conclusion: Cultured SGNs can be both latently and lytically infected with HSV-1. Furthermore, latently infected SGNs can be reactivated using TSA, yielding infectious virus.
Chlamydia trachomatis: Kinetics and Stoichiometry

Monoclonal antibodies to the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis were used to neutralize C. trachomatis infectivity in HeLa 229 cells and to determine the kinetics and stoichiometry of the reaction. In vitro neutralization of C. trachomatis infectivity proceeded as a first-order reaction and required an activation energy of approximately 20 kcal/mol (ca. 84 kJ/mol). The rate of neutralization was linear with respect to antibody concentration and reaction temperature. The efficiency of neutralization decreased exponentially as the ratio of noninfective to infective chlamydiae increased in the antigen preparation. The neutralization assay was also significantly affected by reaction parameters such as the reaction volume and the duration of incubation. Stoichiometric calculations showed that an average ratio of 103 and 104 immunoglobulin molecules per chlamydial particle was required to yield 50% neutralization by monoclonal antibodies specifying serovar-specific and species-specific epitopes, respectively. The implications of these findings for vaccine design and for the role of the major outer membrane protein in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infections are discussed.
A Microeconomic Approach to the Measurement of Information Technology Value

Abstract:The problem of measuring the impact of information technology on economic performance at the business unit or enterprise level is receiving increased attention. We develop a methodology based on the microeconomic theory of production and apply the model to data from the banking industry. In addition, we compare our methodology to approaches based on key ratios of information technology deployment. Both procedures are applied to the same set of data. The results show that reasoning about information technology value based on key ratios may be misleading, especially when the figures are only calculated for a cross-section of data.
No signs of activity markers in peripheral blood despite increased bronchial reactivity after repeated low‐dose allergen exposure

The allergen inhalation test can be used as an experimental model to study pathophysiological events in allergic asthma. Repeated low‐dose inhalations of allergen induce increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and resemble natural allergen exposure. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether eosinophil recruitment and activation in peripheral blood, differences in expression of lymphocyte surface antigens and increased bronchial responsiveness to histamine occur during and after repeated low‐dose bronchial allergen challenge. Fourteen atopic asthmatic patients were challenged in a randomized double‐blind manner for 7 days with either allergen in very low doses or placebo. We measured the concentration of eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and the expression of the EG2‐epitope on intracellular ECP in eosinophils and the expression of lymphocyte surface antigen markers in peripheral blood. The challenge period started and ended with a histamine provocation. The repeated low‐dose allergen exposure resulted in a significant increase in BHR. No changes were seen in the placebo group. Concerning the inflammatory parameters in peripheral blood, no significant changes were seen during or after the week of low‐dose allergen inhalations. Our results show that very low, repeated doses of allergen induce increased airway reactivity despite lack of evident clinical symptoms or signs of activation of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood.