Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operating Mode Fractions on Urban Roads Derived by Traffic Assignment

The federal test procedure for vehicle emissions measurement treats the first 505 sec of engine operation as the transient mode. Using this definition as the basis, a special technique was developed and used to trace the elapsed time of vehicles from trip origins during the traffic assignment of zone-to-zone trips on a highway network and to determine the proportions of transient and stabilized operating modes on every link of the network. The travel models of the Sacramento (California) urban area were used to apply this technique and derive operating mode fractions for this urban area. The data from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey were used to distinguish between cold transient and hot transient modes. The operating mode fractions were stratified by functional class of roadways and the location within the urban area. The time of day of travel also was used for further stratification. The results show wide variations in the operating mode fractions among the different categories of roadway, location, and time of day.
Linguistic validation of a widely used recovery score: quality of recovery-15 (QoR-15)

Background/aim The quality of recovery-15 (QoR-15) is a patient reported outcome questionnaire that measures the quality of recovery after surgery and anesthesia. The QoR-15 has been validated in many languages; Turkish version of the QoR-15 has not yet been established. The aims of this study were to translate the QoR-15 questionnaire into Turkish and to perform a full psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version. Materials and methods After translating the original English version of the QoR-15 scale into Turkish, the QoR-15T scale was psychometrically validated. This process included validity, reliability, responsiveness, feasibility. The QoR-15T was evaluated before the surgery and 24 h after surgery. Results A total of 210 patients completed the pre- and postoperative questionnaires, providing a completion rate of 93.75%. The correlation coefficient between QoR-15T score and VAS score was 0.644 on postoperative day 1 (p < 0.001). Inter item Cronbach’s alpha was 0.863. Global test-retest concordance coefficient was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.94–1.00). Conclusion The QoR-15T scale is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating postoperative quality of recovery in Turkish speaking patients. The psychometric characteristics used to assess postoperative quality of recovery were similar to those in the English version.
Boiler Conceptual Design Based on RBR and CBR

Boiler is one of the key industrial equipment in the field of modern manufacture. Rule-base reasoning (RBR) and case-base reasoning (CBR) are first applied to the boiler conceptual design. The RBR is adopted to perform like a “sieve” for the acquisition of the candidate structure modules. Then the CBR process is adopted for the structure module modification and case retain. The case retain process gives the system self-enrich function which will improve the design ability of the system with the continuous use of the system.
Pre-breeding study for the enhancement of bioactive fruit attributes in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)

The strawberry fruit market increasingly demands new cultivars producing berries with enhanced bioactive attributes. In this research the suitability of twelve strawberry cultivars for effective breeding aimed at the enhancement of bioactive fruit attributes was studied. The group of genotypes with different pedigree was examined in respect of variation, breeding parameters, correlation between the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity of fruit. Pre-breeding research showed the highly significant differences between genotypes regarding all traits analysed. Relationship between the bioactive phytochemicals content and antioxidant capacity of fruit were mostly positive and significant. Only correlation between vitamin C and flavonoids was negative (−0.482). Path analysis exhibited the highest positive direct effect of total phenolic content on antioxidant capacity (0.609). Heritability of traits was very high, reaching values above 0.90. The highest genetic advance was observed for flavonoids. Results suggested that the genotype plays the main role in shaping of fruit antioxidant potential. This study indicated that the efficient strawberry breeding focused on obtaining the forms with enhanced bioactive berry properties could be highly possible.
Hepatoprotective Effects of (−) Epicatechin in CCl4-Induced Toxicity Model Are Mediated via Modulation of Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats

Objective (−) Epicatechin (EP) is a naturally occurring antioxidant flavonoid found in some green plants. The current study was designed to evaluate the potential role of antioxidant mechanisms in the hepatoprotective properties of EP using the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury model. Materials and Methods Rats (n = 7 per group) were divided into five groups including control group, (−) epicatechin group (20 mg·kg−1 body weight), CCl4 group (1 mL−1 body weight), CCl4-EP treatment group, and CCl4-silymarin (SILY) group. The levels of enzymes including hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) were analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histological studies were performed on all groups to assess the regenerative effects of test sample and compare it with the control group. Results Test compound EP and standard drug silymarin (SILY) considerably reduced liver function enzyme levels in the blood, which were raised by CCl4 administration, and increased serum albumin and total protein (TP) concentrations. The hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level was considerably declined, whereas glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) levels were upregulated in the EC-treated groups. The hepatoprotective results of the study were further confirmed via the histological assessments, which indicated a regeneration of the damaged hepatic tissue in treated rats. Conclusions The results of this study revealed a significant protective efficacy of EP against CCl4-induced liver injury, which was potentially mediated via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and direct scavenging effects of the compound against free radicals.
Mathematical modelling and manufacturing of the internal toroidal tooth profile

Abstract This paper investigates the toroidal tooth profile of an epicyclic gear train based on the analysis of the integrated motion from both sun-worm and planet worm-gears and develops a mathematical model based on the coordinate transformation between the coordinate system of the stationary internal gear and that of the planet worm-gear. The model is derived from the geometrical analysis of the meshing system and is used to model the meshing surface which is produced as a result from the enveloping surface. This is further extended to model the internal toroidal tooth profile in the stationary gear, the normal tooth profile and the helix trajectory. Based on these models, the shape of normal tooth section of the stationary toroidal tooth profile is obtained and the three-dimensional modelling of this tooth profile is completed. The paper further examines the case of manufacturing by developing a fly-blade for the machining process and develops a manufacturing procedure which successfully produced a stationary internal toroidal tooth profile manufactured by a fly-blade on a hob machine.
Task priorities and design for an arm orthosis

For people with muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy - conditions characterized by degenerating muscle strength - the option of using a mechanical aid exists. This would allow free arm movement. This paper presents a consumer-based design approach to construction of such an assistive manipulation device and describes the consumer-driven stages in the orthosis design project within the Applied Science and Engineering Laboratories (ASEL). Results are presented from two consumer meetings held during the initial stages of the design. A design principle has been establish. :d and an initial set of prototypes evaluated. These will be used to modify subsequent design iterations.
It-which-must-not-be-named: COVID-19 misinformation, tactics to profit from it and to evade content moderation on YouTube

COVID-19 misinformation became accessible and profitable through social media platforms, such as YouTube. Here we investigate if Brazilian YouTube channels previously identified as vaccine misinformation spreaders would also misinform their audience about COVID-19. Our analysis sample consists of 6 months of content (3,318 videos) from 50 Brazilian YouTube channels. We establish a protocol to classify the types of COVID-19 misinformation spread by the content creators, describing how the channels evade content moderation—disguising, replicating, and dispersing misinformation—and what tactics the content creators use to profit. Our analysis shows that these channels exploited COVID-19 misinformation to promote themselves, profiting in the process.
Multivariate analysis and characterization of low impact crime in Mexico City [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Background: Multivariate analysis is fast becoming a key instrument that can be used to address crimes or incidents. It may be helpful to assess government policies on crime prevention. Methods: To distinguish between the 25 official crime categories reported in Mexico City (Jan 2019 Jun 2019), principal coordinates analysis was used to determine the quality of a characteristic in this context. This study used cluster analysis via K-means and Biplot based on time and location in terms of crime occurrence. Results: The results obtained from this preliminary analysis indicates that around 70% of crime occurrence is shown in the following boroughs: Cuauhtémoc, Iztapalapa, Gustavo A. Madero, Benito Juárez, Álvaro Obregón, Coyoacán, and Miguel Hidalgo. Conclusion: There are two factors that contribute to the difficulties in crime analysis in Mexico City, namely, the lack of people’s trust in authorities and the insufficiency of tools for data analysis. The latter is an integral part in achieving justice for the victims of crimes because it impedes the process of observing patterns and predicting the perpetrators’ next actions, which may help in solving a number of types of crimes. It is then imperative for law enforcement to utilize data analysis tools that aid in identifying crime patterns and trends, such that the occurrences of crime show a downward trend and consequentially increase the people’s trust in law enforcement agencies.
Near-surface imaging from traffic-induced surface waves with dense linear arrays: an application in the urban area of Hangzhou, China

Accurate understanding of near-surface structures of the solid Earth is challenging, especially in urban areas where active source seismic surveys are constrained and difficult to perform. The analysis of anthropogenic seismic noise provides an alternative way to image the shallow subsurface in urban environments. We present an application of using traffic noise with seismic interferometry to investigate near-surface structures in Hangzhou City, eastern China. Noise data were recorded by dense linear arrays with approximately 5 m spacing deployed along two crossing roads. We analyze the characteristics of traffic-induced noise using 36 hr continuous recordings. Coherent Rayleigh surface waves between 2 and 20 Hz are retrieved based on crosscorrelations within 1 hr time windows. Robust phase-velocity dispersion curves are extracted from virtual shot gathers using multichannel analysis of surface waves and coincide with the results from active seismic data, noise beamforming analysis, and measurements with the spatial autocorrelation method (SPAC). Shear-wave velocity profiles are derived for the top 100 m of the subsurface at the array locations. The estimated shear-wave velocities from traffic noise correspond to the velocities estimated from logging data. The 2D shear-wave velocity maps reveal different soil deposits and bedrock structures in the estuarine sedimentary area. The results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of delineating near-surface structures from traffic-induced noise, which has great potential for monitoring subsurface changes in urban areas.
Applying computer vision to digitised natural history collections for climate change research: temperature-size responses in British butterflies

Natural history collections (NHCs) are invaluable resources for understanding biotic response to global change. Museums around the world are currently imaging specimens, capturing specimen data, and making them freely available online. In parallel to the digitisation effort, there have been great advancements in computer vision (CV): the computer trained automated recognition/detection, and measurement of features in digital images. Applying CV to digitised NHCs has the potential to greatly accelerate the use of NHCs for biotic response to global change research. In this paper, we apply CV to a very large, digitised collection to test hypotheses in an established area of biotic response to climate change research: temperature-size responses. We develop a CV pipeline (Mothra) and apply it to the NHM iCollections of British butterflies (>180,000 specimens). Mothra automatically detects the specimen in the image, sets the scale, measures wing features (e.g., forewing length), determines the orientation of the specimen (pinned ventrally or dorsally), and identifies the sex. We pair these measurements and meta-data with temperature records to test how adult size varies with temperature during the immature stages of species and to assess patterns of sexual-size dimorphism across species and families. Mothra accurately measures the forewing lengths of butterfly specimens and compared to manual baseline measurements, Mothra accurately determines sex and forewing lengths of butterfly specimens. Females are the larger sex in most species and an increase in adult body size with warm monthly temperatures during the late larval stages is the most common temperature size response. These results confirm suspected patterns and support hypotheses based on recent studies using a smaller dataset of manually measured specimens. We show that CV can be a powerful tool to efficiently and accurately extract phenotypic data from a very large collection of digital NHCs. In the future, CV will become widely applied to digital NHC collections to advance ecological and evolutionary research and to accelerate the use of NHCs for biotic response to global change research.
The Hardest Weeks of My Life: A Qualitative Study of Experiences, Practice Changes, and Emotional Burden of New York City Oncology Physicians During the COVID-19 Surge in 2020

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic surge in New York City in Spring 2020 resulted in an unprecedented constraint on health care resources. This study aimed to explore the experiences of doctors providing care to oncology patients during this time. METHODS: Hospitalists and medical oncologists from two large inpatient services at a dedicated cancer center participated in virtual in-depth interviews exploring how the pandemic affected their practice and to what extent it may have affected decisions for urgent evaluation or hospital admission, interventions, or goals-of-care discussions. Interviews also explored how the pandemic affected each individual physician's psychologic well-being. Transcripts were analyzed by three independent coders in Atlas.ti v. 7.5, using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: Eighteen physicians were interviewed (n = 6 GI medical oncologists, n = 6 gynecologic medical oncologists, and n = 6 hospitalists). Analysis identified five major themes related to fear and distress: (1) perceived patient fears of the hospital during COVID-19, leading to avoidance and delay of acute care needs before admission, (2) physicians' fear and distress delivering oncology care during COVID-19, (3) physician distress resulting from ambiguity in decision making, (4) distress and anxiety balancing the need for patient contact with the need to minimize infection risk, and (5) distress regarding impact of uncertainty and acuity of COVID-19 on goals-of-care discussions. CONCLUSION: Insight into the experiences of physicians providing cancer care during a COVID-19 surge underscores the need for strategies mitigate short-term distress and long-term psychologic impacts. Findings can also inform practitioner training and preparedness for future pandemics in the oncology setting. Cancer care in the COVID-19 global epicenter: NYC oncologist experiences during the spring 2020 surge.
Effectiveness of Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation versus Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Upper Limb Motor Functional Recovery in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose To compare the effectiveness of contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES) versus neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on motor recovery of the upper limb in subacute stroke patients. Materials and Methods Fifty patients within six months poststroke were randomly assigned to the CCFES group (n = 25) and the NMES group (n = 25). Both groups underwent routine rehabilitation plus 20-minute stimulation on wrist extensors per day, five days a week, for 3 weeks. Fugl-Meyer Assessment of upper extremity (FMA-UE), action research arm test (ARAT), Barthel Index (BI), and surface electromyography (sEMG) were assessed at baseline and end of intervention. Results After a 3-week intervention, FMA-UE and BI increased in both groups (p < 0.05). ARAT increased significantly only in the CCFES group (p < 0.05). The changes of FMA-UE, ARAT, and BI in the CCFES group were not greater than those in the NMES group. The improvement in sEMG response of extensor carpi radialis by CCFES was greater than that by NMES (p = 0.026). The cocontraction ratio (CCR) of flexor carpi radialis did not decrease in both groups. Conclusions CCFES improved upper limb motor function, but did not show better treatment effect than NMES. CCFES significantly enhanced the sEMG response of paretic extensor carpi radialis compared with NMES, but did not decrease the cocontraction of antagonist.
Methodology for composite materials shrinkage definition for use in shipbuilding and marine technology

Deformations of steel material in shipbuilding and marine technology applications as a result of mechanical or temperature influences are a well-known problem. However, in the modern shipbuilding industry, the application of alternative materials, especially composite materials, in the structure and for the equipment of the ship is increasingly represented. Consequently, there is a need to determine the deformation and change of characteristics of such composite materials as a result of various mechanical, and especially temperature influences that cause the so-called shrinkage. The basic composite production process involves connecting the matrix with a catalyst and accelerators that create temperature, then the material shrinks by cooling when it can change its dimensions and characteristics. Also, in order to achieve the best possible mechanical properties, composite materials are specially heated and then cooled according to strictly defined processes and curves. The ability to predict the characteristics and parameters of such deformations is important in the context of the application of composite materials. To define such deformations, different methods are used within individual numerical solvers, whose results can differ significantly from each other. Therefore, the authors in this paper present an established methodology for predicting mechanical and temperature deformations, and modelling of composite materials, based on the analysis of analytical methods and numerical solvers with the aim of defining the most accurate numerical solver. By applying the presented methodology, it is expected to raise the level of accuracy and quality of composite materials production as well as to raise the quality of design solutions and efficiency of production procedures during shipbuilding in particular, but also within different marine technology applications and during the product’s life cycle.
Association of COVID-19 with Intracranial Hemorrhage during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A 10-Year Retrospective Observational Study

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is potentially lifesaving for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) but may be accompanied by serious adverse events, including intracranial hemorrhage (ICRH). We hypothesized that ICRH occurs more frequently in patients with COVID-19 than in patients with ARDS of other etiologies. We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of adult patients treated with venovenous (vv-) ECMO for ARDS between January 2011 and April 2021. Patients were included if they had received a cranial computed tomography (cCT) scan during vv-ECMO support or within 72 h after ECMO removal. Cox regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with ICRH. During the study period, we identified 204 patients with vv-ECMO for ARDS, for whom a cCT scan was available. We observed ICRH in 35.4% (n = 17/48) of patients with COVID-19 and in 16.7% (n = 26/156) of patients with ARDS attributable to factors other than COVID-19. COVID-19 (HR: 2.945; 95%; CI: 1.079–8.038; p = 0.035) and carboxyhemoglobin (HR: 0.330; 95%; CI: 0.135–0.806; p = 0.015) were associated with ICRH during vv-ECMO. In patients receiving vv-ECMO, the incidence of ICRH is doubled in patients with COVID-19 compared to patients suffering from ARDS attributable to other causes. More studies on the association between COVID-19 and ICRH during vv-ECMO are urgently needed to identify risk patterns and targets for potential therapeutic interventions.
Fictitious Reference Iterative Tuning for Non-Minimum Phase Systems in the IMC Architecture: Simultaneous Attainment of Controllers and Models

This paper provides a practical and meaningful application of controller parameter tuning. Here, we propose a simultaneous attainment of a desired controller and a mathematical model of a plant by utilizing the fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT), which is a useful method of controller parameter tuning with only one-shot experimental data, in the internal model control (IMC) architecture. Particularly, this paper focuses on systems with unstable zeros which cannot be eliminated in many applications. We explain how the utilization of the FRIT is effective for obtaining not only the desired control parameter values but also an appropriate mathematical model of the plant. In order to show the effectiveness and the validity of the proposed method, we give illustrative examples.