Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insulation co-ordination

Authors' closure of a paper by Philip Sporn and I. W. Gross published in the June 1937 issue, pages 715–20, and presented for oral discussion at the insulation co-ordination session of the summer convention, Milwaukee, Wis. , June 25, 1937. Previous discussion of this paper appeared in the October 1937 issue, pages 1296–7.
The Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of Benzocaine Polymorphs

The study was a pioneering attempt to assess the influence of the structural polymorphism (forms I, II, III) of benzocaine on its solubility, apparent solubility, and chemical stability, which are vital parameters for preformulation and formulation work. The impact of differences in the solubility of selected polymorphs of benzocaine on their permeability through artificial biological membranes (PAMPA system) was evaluated. The polymorphs of benzocaine were obtained by means of techniques commonly used for the preparation of various pharmaceutical dosage forms: ball milling, micro milling, and cryogenic grinding, which allowed for the appearance or preservation of form III, the initial conformation of benzocaine. Ball milling resulted in the conversion of form III to I, whereas micro milling yielded form II. As a result of cryogenic grinding, form III of benzocaine was preserved. The identification of all polymorphic forms of benzocaine was confirmed via X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) supported by FT-IR spectroscopy coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The differences in solubility, dissolution, and permeability through artificial biological membranes resulting from the polymorphic forms of benzocaine were established by using chromatographic determinations. Accelerated stability tests indicated that all polymorphic forms were chemically stable at a required level.
Nutritional Interventions as Beneficial Strategies to Delay Cognitive Decline in Healthy Older Individuals

Current demographic trends indicate that the population is aging. The aging process is inevitably connected with cognitive decline, which manifests itself in worsening working memory, processing speed, and attention. Therefore, apart from pharmacological therapies, non-pharmacological approaches which can influence cognitive performance (such as physical activities or healthy diet), are being investigated. The purpose of this study is to explore the types of nutritional interventions and their benefits in the prevention and delay of cognitive delay in healthy older individuals. The methods used in this study include a literature review of the available studies on the research topic found in Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE. The findings show that nutritional intervention has a positive impact on cognitive function in healthy older people. However, it seems that the interactions between more than one nutrient are most effective. The results reveal that specifically the Mediterranean diet appears to be effective in this respect. Moreover, the findings also indicate that multi-domain interventions including diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring have a far more significant effect on the enhancement of cognitive functions among healthy older individuals.
A Single-Ended Push-Pull Audio Amplifier

An amplifier circuit for push-pull operation of two output tubes that provides a direct output to a grounded load is described. This circuit avoids any necessity for close magnetic coupling between halves of a split primary of an output transformer; it does not use any interstage coupling transformer; and its simplifies the application of feedback from the output stage to preceding single-ended stages. Methods for using this circuit with triode and beam-power output tubes are given, and the ultimate possibility of eliminating the output transformer for driving a loudspeaker is discussed.
Automatic Target Recognition: Some Considerations

Machine analysis of aerial reconnaissance data is desirable. New acquisition techniques, equipment, and sensors, plus a growing demand for rapidly obtained, accurate information necessitate machine performance of tasks presently accomplished by observers and interpreters. Many of these tasks can be described as pattern recognition or information processing functions. This paper discusses significant problems encountered when attempting to identify objects or regions automatically from aerial photography. Problems include sensor distortions, variations in target environment, and concepts of design and "teaching" of an actual device. Operational requirements such as processing speed and flexibility restrict the types of solutions available. Approaches to target recognition with relative merits and shortcomings are presented; these include shape correlation, feature extraction, and image quantization. The effect of mission requirements on system parameters is discussed. A bibliography is included.
The tensor-a new engineering tool

The application of tensor analysis to the problems of electrical engineering results in a great simplification of the mathematics involved in such a complicated system as that of a rotating machine, for tensor analysis provides the ability to generalize from simple individual cases to complicated groups and systems. Originally, tensor analysis was developed as a tool in advanced geometrical analysis, but has since found extensive applications in other fields. The purpose of this paper is to point out the value of tensors, and to serve as an introduction to further study.
Fast Fourier transform method of computing difference equations and simulating filters

Two methods for using the fast Fourier transform to reduce the number of arithmetic operations and, therefore the time required for computing discrete, preformulated, and finite convolutions are listed and justified. Under the idealistic assumption that the impulse response of a preformulated difference equation terminates, a theorem is proved that these two methods can be modified to compute such difference equations. This theorem makes plausible the application of these methods when the impulse response does not terminate, provided that the impulse response decays to a small value. In such cases, the fast Fourier transform can be used to compute approximations to the solutions, although usually this use of the fast Fourier transform offers no reduction in the amount of time required for computing the definition of the difference equation. However, if a filtering operation is specified as a frequency response, the fast Fourier transform can be used to compute the filtering operation directly without need of formulating a difference equation, although this simplification is achieved at the cost of a moderate increase (e.g., twice) in the amount of computation time.
Recent Improvements in the Optical and Electrooptic Properties of PLZT Ceramics

Continuing studies on the improvement of the optical quality of lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics have shown that (1) bulk residual porosity and (2) chemical inhomogeneity are primary factors contributing to optical losses in thick plates of the material. This paper describes methods by which both of these major faults in the ceramic can be virtually eliminated. In addition, the optical and electrooptic properties of the improved material are presented and compared with those of previously available materials. Successful methods of eliminating residual porosity and enhancing chemical homogeneity resulted from studies which led to improved hot-pressing techniques and chemical preparation of the PLZT powders. Essentially all of the residual porosity was eliminated by introducing an oxygen atmosphere during the hot-pressing process. Chemical homogeneity was improved significantly by using high purity liquid solutions for preparing the PLZT powders. A combination of lead oxide and sol.
Ka-band high-power and driver MMIC amplifiers using GaAs PHEMTs and coplanar waveguides

We report the design and fabrication of compact 2- and 3-stage coplanar (CPW) microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifiers having high output power at Ka-band. Based on a 0.15-μm gate length GaAs PHEMT process, a two-stage MMIC driver amplifier has demonstrated at 35 GHz, a linear gain of 11 dB, an output power at 1 dB gain compression P/sub -1 dB/ of 350 mW, and a saturated output power P/sub sat/ greater than 500 mW. For the same frequency, the high-power CPW 2-stage amplifier achieved a linear gain of 9.5 dB, with P/sub -1 dB/=725 mW and more than 1 W of saturated output power, Additional thermal management resulted in an increased performance, namely, 10.4 dB linear gain, P/sub -1 dB/=950 mW and P/sub sat/=1.2 W. To our knowledge, these are the highest output powers ever reported at Ka-band for any uniplanar MMIC.
Power Generation

ENERGY TRC assists clients from project conception through total environmental permitting and construction, as well as during the financial due diligence and facility operational phases. Our permitting experts have a thorough understanding of federal, state, and local environmental regulations and participate in shaping evolving regulations that may impact the energy industry. TRC has extensive experience in traditional and state-of-the art fossil fuel technologies, as well as in the growing renewable energy area. Fossil Fuels – Our staff is experienced in the permitting of all types of fossil-fueled combustion and power generation technologies including simple and combined combustion turbines, coal-fired boilers and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technologies. TRC provides sophisticated air model-ing, permitting fatal flaw analysis, impact evaluation of startup and shut down as well as an overall market assessment for various coal-based energy technologies including IGCC. Renewables – TRC has been in the forefront of renewable energy development, working side by side with our clients on siting , design, permitting, and construction of renewable energy projects including: wind power, solar power, hydroelectric power, tidal power, biomass-fueled facilities, fuel cells, landfill gas, and energy efficiency and conservation projects. We are participating in both land and offshore wind-power developments, licensing a number of the largest wind-powered generating facilities under development.
Diversity ALOHA - A Random Access Scheme for Satellite Communications

A generalization of the slotted ALOHA random access scheme is considered in which a user transmits multiple copies of the same packet. The multiple copies can be either transmitted simultaneously on different frequency channels (frequency diversity) or they may be transmitted on a single high-speed channel but spaced apart by random time intervals (time diversity). In frequency diversity, two schemes employing channel selections with and without replacements have been considered. In time diversity, two schemes employing a fixed number of copies or a random number of copies for each packet have been considered. In frequency diversity, activity factor-throughput tradeoffs and in time diversity, delay-throughput tradeoffs for various diversity orders have been compared. It is found that under light traffic, multiple transmission gives better delay performance. If the probability that a packet fails a certain number or more times is specified not to exceed some time limit (realistic requirement for satellite systems having large round trip propagation delay), then usually multiple transmission gives higher throughput.
Gaseous insulation for high-voltage transformers

SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE in high-voltage apparatus fulfills these requirements of a gaseous dielectric: 1. dielectric strength should be high at a low-gauge pressure; 2. temperature of condensation should be equal to or lower than that at which the apparatus is operated; 3. the gas itself and its products of decomposition should not be toxic or of readily controllable toxicity. Similarly, the gas should not corrode materials of construction; 4. the gas should be chemically inert and thermally stable; 5. it should have a high heat transfer coefficient.
Pulse Compression-Key to More Efficient Radar Transmission

Increased demand for greater detection ranges in radar systems is often thwarted by the transmitting tube peak power limitation which, for narrow pulse operation, is usually reached before the full average power capability of the tube is realized. The technique of pulse compression offers a means of increasing the average power available to illuminate radar targets without any loss at the receiver of the resolution needed for the tactical requirements of the system. This is accomplished by transmitting a wide pulse in which the carrier is frequency modulated and then, by proper signal processing methods, causing a time compression of the received signal to a much narrower pulse of high effective peak power. The spectra and time functions of a particular class of pulse compression signals are analyzed and the basis for compression filter design is derived. Test waveforms demonstrate the resolving capability of the pulse compression technique.
Integrative analysis of promising molecular biomarkers and pathways for coronary artery disease using WGCNA and MetaDE methods

The present study aimed to examine the molecular mechanisms of coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of four microarray datasets (training dataset no. GSE12288; validation dataset nos. GSE20680, GSE20681 and GSE42148) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included CAD and healthy samples. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied to identify highly preserved modules across the four datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with significant consistency in the four datasets were selected using the MetaDE method. The overlapping genes amongst the DEGs with significant consistency and in the preserved modules were used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, followed by functional enrichment analysis. A total of 11 modules were established in the training dataset, and five of them were highly preserved across all four datasets, including 873 genes. There was a total of 836 DEGs with significant consistency in the four datasets. A total of 177 overlapping genes were selected, with which a PPI network was constructed. The top five genes of the PPI network were identified based on their degrees: LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase (LCK), euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit (PPP4C) and ζ-chain of T-cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70). Genes in the PPI network were significantly involved in a number of Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes pathways, including the ‘natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity’, ‘primary immunodeficiency’ and ‘Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis’ pathways. LCK, EHMT2, IMPDH2, PPP4C and ZAP70 are suggested as promising molecular biomarkers for CAD. The ‘natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity’, ‘primary immunodeficiency’ and ‘Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis’ pathways may serve important roles in CAD.
Migration of mesenchymal stem cells to tumor xenograft models and in vitro drug delivery by doxorubicin

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show therapeutic effects in various types of diseases. MSCs have been shown to migrate towards inflamed or cancerous tissues, and visualized after sacrificing the animal. MSCs are able to deliver drugs to target cells, and are an ideal candidate for cancer therapy. The purpose of this study was to track the migration of MSCs in tumor-bearing mice; MSCs were also used as drug delivery vehicles. Human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and anaplastic thyroid cancer cells (CAL62) were transduced with lentiviral particles, to express the Renilla luciferase and mCherry (mCherry-Rluc) reporter genes. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were transduced with lentiviral particles, to express the firefly luciferase and enhanced green fluorescence protein (Fluc2-eGFP) reporter genes (MSC/Fluc). Luciferase activity of the transduced cells was measured by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Further in vitro migration assays were performed to confirm cancer cells conditioned medium dependent MSC and doxorubicin (DOX) treated MSC migration. MSCs were loaded with DOX, and their therapeutic effects against the cancer cells were studied in vitro. In vivo MSC/Fluc migration in mice having thyroid or breast cancer xenografts was evaluated after systemic injection. Rluc activity of CAL62/Rluc (R2=0.911), MDA-MB-231/Rluc (R2=0.934) cells and Fluc activity of MSC/Fluc (R2=0.91) cells increased with increasing cell numbers, as seen by BLI. eGFP expression of MSC/Fluc was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Similar migration potential was observed between MSC/Fluc and naïve MSCs in migration assay. DOX treated MSCs migration was not decreased compared than MSCs. Migration of the systemically injected MSC/Fluc cells into tumor xenografts (thyroid and breast cancer) was visualized in animal models (p<0.05) and confirmed by ex vivo (p<0.05) BLI. Additionally, MSCs delivered DOX to CAL62/Rluc and MDA-MB-231/Rluc cells, thereby decreasing their Rluc activities. In this study, we confirmed the migration of MSCs to tumor sites in cancer xenograft models using both in vivo and ex vivo BLI imaging. DOX-pretreated MSCs showed enhanced cytotoxic effects. Therefore, this noninvasive reporter gene (Fluc2)-based BLI may be useful for visualizing in vivo tracking of MSCs, which can be used as a drug delivery vehicle for cancer therapy.
Thermal Noise in Field-Effect Transistors

The limiting noise mechanism in field-effect transistors is thermal noise of the conducting channel. The noise can be represented by a current generator ✓i2 in parallel to the output. The value of i2 is calculated; for zero drain voltage the noise corresponds to thermal noise of the drain conductance, and for other bias conditions the noise at a given gate voltage depends only slightly upon the drain voltage. Because of modulation effects in the channel, i2 is somewhat larger than the thermal noise of the dc drain conductance, except for zero drain bias and beyond saturation. The noise resistance of the device is approximately equal to gmax/g,m2, where gm is the transconductance of the transistor and gmax its maximum value. The approximation becomes even closer if feedback due to the series resistances of the channel must be taken into account.
Augmenting Proactive Congestion Control with Aeolus

Recently, proactive congestion control solutions have drawn great attention in the community. By explicitly scheduling data transmissions based on the availability of network bandwidth, proactive solutions offer a lossless, near-zero queueing network for serving network transfers. Despite the advantages, proactive solutions require an extra RTT to allocate the ideal sending rate for new arrival flows. To resolve this, current solutions let new flows blindly transmit unscheduled packets in the first RTT, and assign these packets with high priority in the network. The unscheduled packets, however, can cause serious network congestion, resulting in large queue buildups and excessive packet losses. This paper describes Aeolus, a solution aimed at achieving both: eliminating the one RTT additional delay and preserving all the good properties of proactive solutions. Similar to current solutions, Aeolus lets new flows start at the line rate on their arrivals. However, Aeolus introduces a new switch mechanism which allows the switch to selectively drop excessive unscheduled packets once congestion occurs, thus protecting the scheduled packets from the potential queueing delay and packet loss caused by the unscheduled packets. Our simulations with realistic workloads show that Aeolus can significantly speed up small flows, e.g., deliver 55.9% lower 99th percentile completion time, while preserving all the good properties of proactive solutions.
Identifying usual food choices at meals in overweight and obese study volunteers: implications for dietary advice

Abstract Understanding food choices made for meals in overweight and obese individuals may aid strategies for weight loss tailored to their eating habits. However, limited studies have explored food choices at meal occasions. The aim of this study was to identify the usual food choices for meals of overweight and obese volunteers for a weight-loss trial. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using screening diet history data from a 12-month weight-loss trial (the HealthTrack study). A descriptive data mining tool, the Apriori algorithm of association rules, was applied to identify food choices at meal occasions using a nested hierarchical food group classification system. Overall, 432 breakfasts, 428 lunches, 432 dinners and 433 others (meals) were identified from the intake data (n 433 participants). A total of 142 items of closely related food clusters were identified at three food group levels. At the first sub-food group level, bread emerged as central to food combinations at lunch, but unprocessed meat appeared for this at dinner. The dinner meal was characterised by more varieties of vegetables and of foods in general. The definitions of food groups played a pivotal role in identifying food choice patterns at main meals. Given the large number of foods available, having an understanding of eating patterns in which key foods drive overall meal content can help translate and develop novel dietary strategies for weight loss at the individual level.
Firewalls fend off invasions from the Net

Whether a computer is in a corporation, government agency, university, small business, or at home, if it is linked to a network, hackers are a risk. The first line of defense against them is a firewall, provided it is set up correctly. Firewall technology is a set of mechanisms that collectively enforce a security policy on communication traffic entering or leaving a guarded network domain. The security policy is the overall plan for protecting the domain. Embodied in hardware, software, or both, a firewall guards and isolates the domain. Broadly, firewalls attempt to maintain privacy and ensure the authenticity of data communications that pass through their domain's boundaries. Whether data is entering or leaving a domain, it is protected from eavesdropping (passive wiretapping) and change (active wiretapping). But only communication traffic entering or leaving a domain comes under the influence of firewall technology.
Detection of a Distributed Target

The influence of increasing range resolution on the detectability of targets with dimensions greater than the resolution cell is studied. An N-cell target model is assumed, which contains k reflecting cells, each reflecting independently according to the same Rayleigh amplitude distribution. It will be referred to as the (N,k) target. Detection based on one transmitted pulse is performed against a background of white normal noise. Detection in stationary clutter is also considered. The optimum detector is obtained but, in view of its complexity, the performance of a simpler detector, the square-law envelope detector with linear integrator (SLEDLI), is analyzed, and a formula for the probability of detection is obtained. Graphs are presented which show the probability of detection as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for various values of N k, and false alarm probability. For N/k not too large it is shown that the SLEDLI is near optimum.