Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantized interlevel character in quantum systems

For a quantum system subject to external parameters, the Berry phase is an intra-level property, which is gauge invariant module $2\pi$ for a closed loop in the parameter space and generally is non-quantized. In contrast, we define a inter-band character $\Theta$ for a closed loop, which is gauge invariant and quantized as integer values. It is a quantum mechanical analogy of the Euler character based on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for a manifold with a boundary. The role of the Gaussian curvature is mimicked by the difference between the Berry curvatures of the two levels, and the counterpart of the geodesic curvature is the quantum geometric potential which was proposed to improve the quantum adiabatic condition. This quantized inter-band character is also generalized to quantum degenerate systems.
Somatic stem cells of the ovary and their relationship to human ovarian cancers

Mammalian ovaries undergo considerable remodeling during the lifetime of the organism, leading to the supposition that somatic stem cells account for or contribute to this cyclic regeneration. While much of ovarian stemcellresearch hasbeenfocusedongermcells,recent interestinnormalsomaticstemcellshasbeendrivenby their possible links to ovarian cancer stem cells. While evidence for stem cell biology with regards to granulosa cells is scant, recent work has isolated potential somatic stem cells for the theca and ovarian surface epithelium. Additionally, evidence for potential cancer initiating cells for ovarian epithelial carcinomas continues to mount.
Design of a wireless remote control for underwater equipment

While the presence of a wired control system is very important in order to guide a ROV, the same system often represents the main limitation in terms of mobility. This thesis proposes a solution for this problem: a multi-technology and multi-hop wireless ROV control system. In particular, three different technologies are compared and analyzed: underwater acoustic, optical and electromagnetic (radio-frequency (RF)) communications.
Conflict Resolution in a Turbulent Region : The Case of the Inter-governmental Authority on Development ( IGAD ) in Sudan

In 1986, during a second decade of severe droughts and famine, an Intergovernmental Authority was established by Djibouti, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan to focus on the problems of drought and desertification. At the same time, however, this Authority inevitably took upon it the related tasks of conflict resolution and development. Later on Uganda and Eritrea joined the renamed Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD). An overview is given of conflicts in the region, and in Sudan. What the paper concentrates on, however, is IGAD’s patient and apparently quite effective role in managing and resolving conflict, especially within Sudan itself. Appropriate details are given, stubborn and shifting positions of governments and rebel movements in Sudan are summarised, and concluding recommendations, warnings and encouragements are provided.
Effect of Hypoxia on Gene Expression in Cell Populations Involved in Wound Healing

Wound healing is a complex process regulated by multiple signals and consisting of several phases known as haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. Keratinocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts are the major cell populations involved in wound healing process. Hypoxia plays a critical role in this process since cells sense and respond to hypoxic conditions by changing gene expression. This study assessed the in vitro expression of 77 genes involved in angiogenesis, metabolism, cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis in human keratinocytes (HaCaT), microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), differentiated macrophages (THP-1), and dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Results indicated that the gene expression profiles induced by hypoxia were cell-type specific. In HMEC-1 and differentiated THP-1, most of the genes modulated by hypoxia encode proteins involved in angiogenesis or belonging to cytokines and growth factors. In HaCaT and HDF, hypoxia mainly affected the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in cell metabolism. This work can help to enlarge the current knowledge about the mechanisms through which a hypoxic environment influences wound healing processes at the molecular level.
SYNTHESIS AND SEEDING TIME EFFECT ON THE INTER-CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF HYDROXY-SODALITE ZEOLITE MEMBRANES BY SINGLE GAS0 (H2 AND N2) PERMEATION

Microporous hydroxy-sodalite zeolite membranes with different morphologies were synthesized via secondary growth technique with vacuum seeding on tubular �-Al 2O3 supports at two different synthesis conditions (i.e. two different routes). Microstructures of the synthesized membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and single gas permeation using H 2 and N 2. Also, the effect of seeding time on microstructure and performance of the synthesized hydroxy-sodalite top-layers was investigated at four different levels (60, 120, 180 and 240 s). Permeation test was carried out in order to attain a more exact comparison of both applied routes and seeding times. Microstructure of the synthesized hydroxy- sodalite zeolite membrane layers and the effects of the investigated factors on the elimination of inter-crystalline pores were evaluated by the permeation of single gases (H 2 and N 2) under different pressure differences at ambient temperature. The permeation results confirmed the high quality of the hydroxy-sodalite zeolite membranes manufactured via the first route at seeding time of 60s for the hydrogen purification under extremely low temperatures ( 100 bars).
Fuzzy control applied to an electrical power generation system mounted on tractors for driving of agricultural implements

The demand of the agricultural sector for more operationally efficient machines and implements motivated the development of alternatives for driving of this equipment. Aiming an electrical supply to apply in agricultural implements, this study proposes a system that uses the tractor power take off to activate a synchronous generator, using a fuzzy logic controller designed to regulate the generated voltage level. Different control architectures were tested and evaluated by simulations. In the initial stage were evaluated fuzzy PI, fuzzy PD and fuzzy PID controllers of multiple inputs and single output (MISO) and the error of the generated voltage as state variable. Subsequently, it was evaluated a fuzzy PI controller of single input and multiple outputs (SIMO) with a modified rule base for the system. In the final stage, the angular drive speed was included as state variable of the controller. The behavior of each architecture was analyzed by means of performance indexes. The results show that among the tested controllers, the modified fuzzy PI SIMO presented the best performance values while maintaining the operating variables within the established limits.
Search for Nutritional Fitness Traits in a Biological Pest Control Agent Harmonia axyridis Using Comparative Transcriptomics

Harmonia axyridis is an important natural predator used in the biological control of insect pests. Vitellogenin (Vg) supplementation to artificial diet can improve fecundity of H. axyridis, however, the effects of Vg on physiology of H. axyridis at the molecular level is unclear. This study investigated the effects of Vg on the physiology (digestive enzyme activities) and transcriptome patterns by feeding H. axyridis adults with treatment (artificial diet with Vg supplement) and control (artificial diet supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The transcriptome sequencing yielded 43.94 Gb of clean data, and 3,946 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) – including 93 upregulated and 3,853 downregulated genes between the treatment and control. Six DEGs related to development and digestive enzyme were chosen for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to validate the accuracy of the RNA-seq results and confirmed that the transcriptome analysis yielded reliable results. The Vg supplement has increased activities of digestive enzymes and related genes expression in H. axyridis. The transcript level of digestive enzyme genes (apolipoprotein D and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) were much higher in adults fed on diet supplemented with Vg compared with that of the control.
Community-Level Response of Fishes and Aquatic Macroinvertebrates to Stream Restoration in a Third-Order Tributary of the Potomac River, USA

Natural stream channel design principles and riparian restoration practices were applied during spring 2010 to an agriculturally impaired reach of the Cacapon River, a tributary of the Potomac River which flows into the Chesapeake Bay. Aquatic macroinvertebrates and fishes were sampled from the restoration reach, two degraded control, and two natural reference reaches prior to, concurrently with, and following restoration (2009 through 2010). Collector filterers and scrapers replaced collector gatherers as the dominant macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups in the restoration reach. Before restoration, based on indices of biotic integrity (IBI), the restoration reach fish and macroinvertebrate communities closely resembled those sampled from the control reaches, and after restoration more closely resembled those from the reference reaches. Although the macroinvertebrate community responded more favorably than the fish community, both communities recovered quickly from the temporary impairment caused by the disturbance of restoration procedures and suggest rapid improvement in local ecological conditions.
Metabolites of A Novel Antibiotic Bitespiramycin in Rat Urine and Bile

A sensitive analytical method to identify active metabolites of bitespiramycin in rat urine and bile was developed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(LC/ESI-MS^n). Bitespiramycin and its major active metabolites in rat urine and bile were isolated and identified as M1 serial(spiramycin Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ),M2 serial(platenomycin A1,josamycin and leucomycin A1) and M3 serial(deisovalerylplatenomycin A1,deisovaleryljosamycin,deisovalerylleucomycin A1).
A Modified Strange Situation Procedure for Use in Assessing Sibling Relationships and their Attachment to Carers

Steve Farnfield describes a modification of the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP), commonly used in the assessment of infant and pre-school children's attachment, for use in the assessment of sibling relationships. The modified SSP was developed for use in cases where social workers had to decide whether or not to split up groups of siblings for placement in adoptive or long-term foster homes. However, it can also be applied as an aid to understanding sibling interactions in other contexts as well as the attachment of siblings to one another and to birth or substitute parents. Following some practical and theoretical comments, an account of the procedure is given together with case examples.
Minimum Magnitude of Completeness in Earthquake Catalogs: Examples from Alaska, the Western United States, and Japan

We mapped the minimum magnitude of complete reporting, M c , for Alaska, the western United States, and for the JUNEC earthquake catalog of Japan. Mc was estimated based on its departure from the linear frequency-magnitude relation of the 250 closest earthquakes to grid nodes, spaced 10 km apart. In all catalogs studied, Mc was strongly heterogeneous. In offshore areas the Mc was typically one unit of magnitude higher than onshore. On land also, Mc can vary by one order of magnitude over distance less than 50 km. We recommend that seismicity studies that depend on complete sets of small earthquakes should be limited to areas with similar Mc, or the minimum magnitude for the analysis has to be raised to the highest com- mon value of Mc. We believe that the data quality, as reflected by the Mc level, should be used to define the spatial extent of seismicity studies where Mc plays a role. The method we use calculates the goodness of fit between a power law fit to the data and the observed frequency-magnitude distribution as a function of a lower cutoff of the magnitude data. Mc is defined as the magnitude at which 90% of the data can be modeled by a power law fit. Mc in the 1990s is approximately 1.2 0.4 in most parts of California, 1.8 0.4 in most of Alaska (Aleutians and Panhandle excluded), and at a higher level in the JUNEC catalog for Japan. Various sources, such as ex- plosions and earthquake families beneath volcanoes, can lead to distributions that cannot be fit well by power laws. For the Hokkaido region we demonstrate how neglecting the spatial variability of M c can lead to erroneous assumptions about deviations from self-similarity of earthquake scaling.
Productivity and soil water use by rainfed maize genotypes in a coastal savannah environment

A b s t r a c t. Total aboveground biomass, grain yield and actual evapotranspiration data were used to estimate water use efficiency by the maize genotypes in terms of total dry matter and grain yield production. Grain yield and its associated water use efficiency were significantly different (P£0.05) among the maize genotypes during the major cropping season, with Mamaba producing the highest grain yield of 7 250 kg ha -1 and water use efficiency of 13.2 kg ha -1 mm -1 . For the minor season, however, no significant difference was observed in grain yield which ranged between 5 800 and 7 200 kg ha -1 , with Obatanpa producing the highest grain yield. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in water use efficiency during the minor cropping season which ranged between 14.6 kg ha -1 mm -1 and 19.1 kg ha -1 mm -1 , with Obatanpa having the highest water use efficiency. Maize genotypes Mamaba and Obatanpa were identified suitable for the rainfed conditions at the study area because of their comparatively high grain yield and better use of soil moisture for grain yield production. K e y w o r d s: maize, rainfed, grain yield, water use efficiency
Food Metabolomics: A New Frontier in Food Analysis and its Application to Understanding Fermented Foods

The emergence of food metabolomics, otherwise known as foodomics, has opened new frontiers and possibilities for scientists to characterize and simultaneously determine and obtain the comprehensive profile of the food metabolome. Qualitative and quanti- tative determinations of this metabolome offer insights into the underlying processes involved and details about the content of the food analytes. This had seemed technically challenging and impossible over time, but can now be done due to the advent of sophisticated analytical equipment and chemometric tools. The application of this tech- nique offers enormous opportunities to obtain detailed information that can be correlated to various properties, functionalities and potentials in fermented foods. This chapter thus evaluated and documented studies presented in the literature on the food metabolomics study of fermented foods, with a view of appraising its prospects, appli- cations and subsequent utilization in the study of fermented foods.
Response of biparental spring barley populations to cultivation in organic and conventional farming systems

The organic farming sector is increasing in importance and requires varieties with stable yield and adapted to organic growing conditions. Heterogeneous populations of self-pollinating crops can potentially offer an advantage over currently used homogeneous varieties. The aim of the study was to compare yield, grain quality traits and genetic diversity in two bi-parental spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) populations over the course of six to eight generations. Populations were made by simple crosses, divided as subpopulations in F4 generation and then cultivated in parallel at two organic and two conventional sites for consecutive five generations. After that all subpopulations were compared in joint field trial at one organic and one conventional site to determine if they had divergent grain yield and quality properties. The genetic diversity of two subpopulations from each cross was studied in the seventh cultivation season using nine SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Mixed-effect modelling showed that cultivation environment was significant for grain yield and not significant for grain quality traits. Cultivation of subpopulations derived from the two crosses over six generations concurrently under conventional and organic conditions did not significantly change genetic diversity or allelic composition as assessed by SSR markers – each pair of subpopulations from the same cross were similar in both environments with one population showing a small drift. Similar proportion of alleles contributed by each parent was observed thus indicating that none of the parental varieties was preferred by selection.
Remote sensing of aerosol optical characteristics in sub-Sahel,

We have determined the characteristics of sub-Sahelian aerosols from a 2-year record of continuous ground-based measurements, made at the University of Ilorin, Ilorin (08°19′N, 04°20′E), Nigeria, in cooperation with the Aerosol Robotic Network. Observations of spectral aerosol optical depths during the dusty harmattan season indicate more than a twofold increase, when compared to other seasons. Retrieved columnar volume size distributions show the existence of bimodality with a dominant coarse mode. The retrieved size distributions were grouped according to different ranges of aerosol optical depths to characterize the aerosols for this particular region. Monthly means of retrieved single-scattering albedos show a sharp decrease from ∼0.95 to ∼0.85 at 500 nm from the preharmattan to the harmattan season when biomass burning is also practiced, increasing the presence of absorbing aerosols. On the basis of these comprehensive observations, we propose to augment existing desert aerosol models, as presented in the literature, to better characterize the dust outbreak season in West Africa, which is quite prolonged and overlaps with the biomass burning season.
Radiocarbon Age Profiles and Size Dependency of Mixing in Northeast Atlantic Sediments

In recent years, the most common technique for radiocarbon dating of deep-ocean sediments has been accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis of hand-picked planktonic foraminifera (forams). Some studies have exposed age offsets between different sediment size fractions from the same depth within a core and this has important implications when establishing a chronological framework for palaeoceanographic records associated with a particular sediment component. The mechanisms generating the age offsets are not fully understood, a problem compounded by the fact that the fraction defined as “large” varies between different studies. To explore this problem, we dated samples of hand-picked forams from two Biogeochemical Ocean Flux Study (BOFS) cores, for which the presence of an offset between the bulk carbonate and >150 μm foraminiferal calcite had already been demonstrated. The presence of a constant age offset between bulk carbonate and coarse fraction material at the two BOFS sites has been confirmed, but the magnitude of the offset is dependent on whether a simple size-separation technique or hand-picking of well-preserved forams is applied. This may be explained if the selection of well preserved forams biases the sample towards those specimens that have spent least time in the surface mixed layer (SML) or have undergone less size selective mixing. Modeling of the 14C profiles demonstrates that SML depth and sediment accumulation rates are the same for both the bulk and coarse sediment fractions, which is consistent with the hypothesis that size-selective mixing is responsible for the age offset.
Investigation of latent adenovirus 5 infection in guinea pig lung

The present study was based on the hypothesis that adenovirus EIA DNA persists in airway epithelial cells following a respiratory tract infection and is capable of amplifying cigarette smoke-induced airways inflammation. The experiments were conducted in a guinea pig model of latent adenovirus 5 (Ad5) infection where we have previously shown that latent infection increased the numbers of T-lymphocytes and macrophages in the lungs of animals acutely exposed to cigarette smoke. In the present study, we examined the lungs of 11 Ad5 infected and 12 sham infected animals 5 weeks post infection using PCR to demonstrate persistence of Ad5 EIA DNA, PCR in situ hybridization to localize this EIA DNA, and immunohistochemistry to detect the EIA protein expression in the lungs of Ad5 infected animals. Southern hybridization for the EIA PCR products demonstrated that Ad5 EIA DNA persisted in the lungs of 9 of 11 infected animals. PCR in situ hybridization localized this EIA DNA in the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells in 5 of the 11 latently infected guinea pigs examined. Quantitative histology established that, on average, about 14 47 EIA positive cells were present in the total lung surface area (1.30 m 1.97 m) of these lungs. Of the 11 latently infected animals, 2 were positive by immunohistochemistry for EIA protein expression in their lungs. None of the sham infected controls were positive in any of the above studies. These results show that latent adenoviral infection involves a small scattered population of airway epithelial cells in which viral DNA is easier to demonstrate than protein.
REDESIGNING INDONESIAN CLASSROOM FURNITURE TOENSURE EASE OF TRANSPORTBY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS.

The objective of this dissertation was to determine the proper weight, shape, and holding position of Indonesian elementary school chairs, for easy carrying, lifting, and turning by children aged 6–9, to encourage active learning. Three studies were conducted to examine 1) the effects of elementary school furniture weight and children’s age on the performance of three tasks—carrying a chair, carrying both a chair and a desk, and lifting a chair onto a desk; 2) methods of transporting and grasping a chair; and 3) the effectiveness of implementing chair modifications and different holding positions. The first study found that chair features, and especially chair weight, strongly influenced children’s performance in transporting furniture. Weight guidelines of furniture for elementary school children aged 6–9 were proposed. It was recommended that the weight of Indonesian elementary school furniture, which was too heavy for children aged 6–9 and especially children of younger ages, be decreased to encourage active learning. The second study identified preferred methods of carrying a chair and popular grasping patterns for carrying a chair, and lifting and turning a chair. These patterns should be considered during the redesign of heavy Indonesian elementary school furniture to ease transport, without having to decrease weight. The third study implemented two strategies based on findings of the second study about Indonesian elementary school chairs. The effectiveness of the strategies was then evaluated. The strategies were 1) modifying the shape of the chair to have a curved rectangle edge and be the proper size for a child’s grasp, and 2) carrying a chair in the lower holding position (LHP) or higher holding position (HHP). The chair modification and LHP significantly reduced task time, and significantly decreased activity of the deltoid middle fiber muscle. However, for lifting and turning a chair onto a desk, these strategies did not eliminate the influence of the excessive weight of the chair and discouraged easy task completion. In conclusion, Indonesian elementary school furniture is too heavy and large for young children to transport. Two effective strategies were provided that did not require decreasing the chair’s weight, and could improve the ease of carrying the chair. The findings of this dissertation may be useful to propose further research for redesigning Indonesian elementary school chairs to encourage active learning, which will lead to improvements in education quality in Indonesia as well as other developing countries.