Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climatic, Edaphic and Biotic Controls over Soil δ13C and δ15N in Temperate Grasslands

Soils δ13C and δ15N are now regarded as useful indicators of nitrogen (N) status and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). Numerous studies have explored the effects of various factors on soils δ13C and δ15N in terrestrial ecosystems on different scales, but it remains unclear how co-varying climatic, edaphic and biotic factors independently contribute to the variation in soil δ13C and δ15N in temperate grasslands on a large scale. To answer the above question, a large-scale soil collection was carried out along a vegetation transect across the temperate grasslands of Inner Mongolia. We found that mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) do not correlate with soil δ15N along the transect, while soil δ13C linearly decreased with MAP and MAT. Soil δ15N logarithmically increased with concentrations of SOC, total N and total P. By comparison, soil δ13C linearly decreased with SOC, total N and total P. Soil δ15N logarithmically increased with microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N, while soil δ13C linearly decreased with microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N. Plant belowground biomass linearly increased with soil δ15N but decreased with soil δ13C. Soil δ15N decreased with soil δ13C along the transect. Multiple linear regressions showed that biotic and edaphic factors such as microbial biomass C and total N exert more effect on soil δ15N, whereas climatic and edaphic factors such as MAT and total P have more impact on soil δ13C. These findings show that soil C and N cycles in temperate grasslands are, to some extent, decoupled and dominantly controlled by different factors. Further investigations should focus on those ecological processes leading to decoupling of C and N cycles in temperate grassland soils.
Analyzing the impact of automatization using parallel daily mean temperature series including breakpoint detection and homogenization

High‐quality time series of meteorological observations are required for reliable assessments of climate trends. To analyze inhomogeneities in time series, parallel measurements can be used. Germany's national meteorological service DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst) operates a network of climate reference stations. At these stations, manual and automatic observations have been taken in parallel. These parallel measurements therefore allow analyzing the impact of the transition on the homogeneity of time series of several meteorological parameters. Here, we present results for temperature. The differences between automatic and manual measurements are tested on breakpoints caused by instrumental defects or changes in the measurement conditions. The time series are highly correlated such that small breaks can be identified. The detected breakpoints are verified against metadata if available. In the case of no available metadata information, a procedure is suggested to identify the inhomogeneous time series (manual or automatic time series). Afterwards, the time series are homogenized. The homogenized time series are used to analyze the impact of changing the observing system from manual to automatic measurements on daily mean temperature.
Caractérisation des gènes AP2/ERF impliqués dans le développement chez Hevea brasiliensis

Hevea brasiliensis est une culture industrielle majeure pour la production de caoutchouc naturel (CN). La stimulation par l'ethephon, un liberateur d'ethylene, est utilisee pour augmenter la production de latex en prolongeant son ecoulement et en stimulant le metabolisme pour la regeneration du latex. Cependant, le mecanisme d'action de l'ethylene n'est pas clairement elucide chez l'hevea. L'ethylene est un signal important qui regule le developpement des plantes. Les facteurs de transcription AP2/ERF, et plus particulierement les Ethylene Response Factors, jouent un role crucial dans le developpement et la reponse aux stress biotiques et abiotiques chez les plantes. La production d'ethylene et sa signalisation sont aussi importantes en embryogenese somatique et tout specialement chez les especes recalcitrantes a la culture in vitro. Dans cette etude, le transcriptome de reference a ete ameliore par addition des fragments de sequence d'ARN issus de tissus reproducteurs lors d'un nouvel assemblage. Les 30.342 contigs ont ete annotes par la base de donnees Gene Ontology. L'analyse des facteurs de transcription a permis d'identifier 2.448 contigs qui ont ete classes en 58 familles de facteurs de transcription. Six pourcents de ces facteurs de transcription correspondent aux membres de la superfamille des AP2/ERF. L'accumulation de transcrits des genes AP2/ERF a ete analysee au cours du processus d'embryogenese somatique chez des lignees de cal avec differents potentiels de regeneration et dans differents tissus vegetatifs et reproducteurs. L'analyse de l'abondance relative de transcrits dans les differents tissus montre que les ERFs des groupes I, VII et VIII sont fortement presents a tous les stades de l'embryogenese somatique et dans les tissus immatures et matures de fleurs males et femelle, d'embryons zygotiques, de feuilles, d'ecorce et de latex. Quarante genes AP2/ERF representent des marqueurs d'expression genique pour le potentiel de regeneration de plantes de lignees de cal a differents stades du processus d'embryogenese somatique. Quatorze marqueurs d'expression genique permettent meme de predire la capacite de regeneration des le stade de multiplication du cal. Cinquante-neuf marqueurs d'expression geniques sont specifiquement exprimes dans les differents tissus de l'hevea, et plusieurs AP2/ERFs ont les transcrits fortement accumules dans le latex. La plupart des marqueurs de l'expression genique du latex appartient aux ERF du groupe VII. Les ERFs de ce groupe ont un motif conserve en N-terminal (MCGGAII), lequel est implique dans la voie N-end rule. Les analyses de localisation subcellulaire et de transactivation suggerent que ces genes HbERF-VII codent pour des facteurs de transcription fonctionnels potentiellement impliques dans la reponse a l'hypoxie dans le latex. (Resume d'auteur)
Efficiently Analysing Large Viral Data Sets in Computational Phylogenomics

Viral evolutionary analyses are confronted with increasingly large sequence data sets, both in terms of sequence length and number of sequences. This can result in considerable computational burden, not only to infer phylogenies but also to obtain associated estimates such as their time scales and phylogeographic patterns. Here, we illustrate two frequently-used approaches to obtain phylogenomic estimates of time-measured trees and spatial dispersal patterns for fast-evolving viruses. First, we discuss computationally efficient procedures that employ a fixed tree topology obtained through maximum likelihood inference to estimate molecular clock rates and phylogeographic spread for Dengue virus genomes. Using the same viral example, we also illustrate Bayesian phylodynamic inference that jointly infers time-measured trees and phylogeo-graphy, including covariates of spatial dispersal, from sequence and trait data. We highlight state-of-the-art efforts to perform such computations more efficiently. Finally, we compare the estimates obtained by both approaches and discuss their strengths and potential pitfalls.
HIGHLY SELECTIVE AND SENSITIVE ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR BASED ON ELECTROCHEMICALLY REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE FOR DETECTION OF MIRNA AS A CANCER BIOMARKER

Nowadays, cancer is one of the most outrageous diseases affecting millions of people throughout the world. In this study, the sensitive biosensor for miRNA-21 detection was developed. Through a facile sulfonamide coupling reaction a miRNA-21 specific DNA hybridization probe was immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with electrochemical reduced graphene oxide (erGO). miRNA is a small non-coding RNA molecule which plays an important role in gene expression. The level of miRNA in extracellular fluids varying in the presence of cancer and it can serve as potential biomarker for early detection of cancer. An elevated level of miRNA-21 represents a common feature of pathological cell growth or cell stress and is connected with almost all types of cancer and with cardiovascular diseases, as well. The aim of this study was improve the electrochemical properties by using erGO as a modification for better sensitivity of the developed biosensor. After the modification with erGO, 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (AN-SO 3 -) was electrodeposited on the GCE surface. --Finally, the amino terminated capture probe was immobilized on the GCE via the sulfonamide coupling reaction. The developed biosensor for the detection of specific miRNA sequence was optimized and modified for using in further experiments.
Generalizations of Hirschhorn’s Results on Two Remarkable q-Series Expansions

Abstract Recently, Hirschhorn investigated vanishing coefficients of the arithmetic progressions in the following two q-series expansions He proved that for In this paper, we further study these two q-series expansions and obtain the generating functions of and by using two MAPLE packages, qseries and thetaids, due to Jie Frye and Frank Garvan. The signs of and are determined, which imply Hirschhorn’s results given above.
High step‐up DC–DC converter with three capacitors clamped circuits for reduced out capacitor stress

In this study, a novel converter which integrates three capacitor clamped circuits and coupled inductor is proposed for high voltage gain. Compared with classical clamped circuit, these clamped circuits which are composed of one diode and three capacitors are used to improve voltage gain and achieve a continuous input current in this proposed converter. The proposed converter has four different clamped circuits, which can be divided into two types, including horizontal clamped and vertical ways. Moreover, each type of new clamped circuit corresponds to two different clamped circuits. This makes the designer have more selections to recycle the energy stored in leakage inductor. Besides, one of the three capacitors is connected in series with the output capacitor to efficiently reduce the voltage stress across the output capacitor, and voltages of both of them are less than half output voltage. Finally, in these converters, a converter based on three capacitor clamped circuit as a representative is analysed in detail. A prototype circuit is established in the laboratory to demonstrate the performances of this converter.
Efeito de níveis de desfolhamento na recuperação de área foliar e na produção e características agronômicas da soja

Quatro niveis de desfolhamento (0, 33, 67 e 100%) foram aplicados em quatro estadios de desenvolvimento (V 3 , V 8 , R 2 e R 6 ) de soja, cv. Parana, na estacao experimental da Embrapa-Soja, em Londrina, PR. O desfolhamento foi efetuado cortando-se manualmente um foliolo de cada folha, em cada 33% de desfolhamento aplicado. A recuperacao da area foliar foi medida cinco e doze dias apos o desfolhamento, e foram feitas simulacoes matematicas para estudar os parâmetros de recuperacao. Os resultados indicaram recuperacao intensa da area foliar, medida pela taxa liquida de aumento da area foliar (dr) e pelo tempo de recuperacao (rt) em baixos niveis de desfolhamento, especialmente no periodo vegetativo. Durante o periodo reprodutivo, os niveis de desfolhamento reduziram a taxa de perda natural da area foliar da soja. A producao de graos foi afetada somente por desfolhamentos de 67 e 100% aplicados em R 6 , enquanto as principais caracteristicas agronomicas, como data de maturacao para colheita, acamamento, e altura de plantas, nao foram afetadas pelos tratamentos.
Observations of the Sun’s Dragging Forces

The classical theory of gravity, developed by Isaac Newton, predicts that the gravitational force between two masses is always colinear with the direction defined by the center of mass of both bodies. Some work done in the last 60 years has shown experimental evidence that the reality may be somehow more complex. That complexity was confirmed by the author of this paper and he goes farther announcing that the Sun is emitting particles with 44 m spatial periodicity that creates isotropic gravitational effects. Those effects are identical to the ones produced by dragging forces according to the General Theory of Relativity under the Kerr’s Metric. The purpose of this paper is to introduce experimental evidence confirming the author’s predictions that the Moon can modify the dragging force coming from the Sun’s core.
Swelling Behavior And Mechanical Properties In Filled Elastomeric Nano-Composites In Contact With Organic Solvents

The effect of organic solvents on the transport process and mechanical properties in elastomeric nanocomposite materials is reported. The investigated samples are formed by a semicrystalline ethylene-co-butyl acrylate (EBA) polymer filled with hard spherical carbon black (CB) nanoparticles. The swelling behavior was studied at room temperature by immersion the dried samples in two selected solvents, i.e. toluene and xylene. The transport of the molecules of a given solvent in these filled elastomeric composites is found to follow a Fickian diffusion mechanism. Mechanically speaking, the stress-strain curves of uniaxial tensile tests pre-and post-swelling highlight a remarkably decrease of the Young’s modulus and strength of the swollen samples. This behavior can be attributed to the decrease of the load transfer density between the matrix and the CB in the presence of the solvent. The Mooney-Rivlin model is used to capture the physics of the stress-strain curves in both dry and swollen samples. The results reported in this experimental investigation can be useful for some demanding applications.
Case 3560 Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha): proposed replacement of unidentifiable name-bearing type by a neotype

Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Article 75.5 of the Code, is to conserve the usage of the name Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837 (Upper Triassic, Germany), known from numerous articulated skeletons, several with complete skulls, from the Norian Plateosaurus bonebeds of Western Europe and Greenland. This was the first non-English, non-avian dinosaur and the second sauropodomorph and Triassic dinosaur to be named. It is proposed to replace the fragmentary and non-diagnostic bones that constitute the type material of Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837, the type species of Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837, with a diagnostic neotype, an almost complete skull and skeleton (SMNS 13200). This specimen has formed the basis for the concept of P. engelhardti (the best represented basal sauropodomorph) and ultimately of Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837. Plateosaurus is the basis for plateosauridae Marsh, 1895 and Plateosauria Tornier, 1913.
The Trends of De Novo Molecular Designs in the Twenty-First Century: A Mini-Review

The inception of advanced bioactive agents has driven the growth for sustained drug delivery and the boom of new medicines. The future of the medical and chemical biology relies on the amalgamation of the advanced systematic and analytical techniques, which shall be tethered together with a robust theoretical framework. The de novo drug design is one of such exciting strategies that use computational theories to generate novel molecules with a good affinity to the desired biological target. This mini-review provides a basic overview of the current trends and algorithms, which aids in the advancement of the de novo molecular framework.
Student’s thinking to identify concave plane based on Gregorc model

[English]: Mathematics learning should facilitate students' construction of knowledge. In constructing mathematics knowledge, students involve various types of thinking processes and styles. This qualitative research aimed to describe the process of students’ thinking in identifying concave plane based on Gregorc’s model of thinking style. It involved thirty-three 9th-grade students with a different style of thinking. Data were collected through tests, questionnaire, and non-structured interview then descriptively analyzed to reveal students’ thinking process and styles. The present study found two different thinking styles, namely Sequential Concrete and Random Abstract from students who successfully identified the concave plane as a kite. There were different thinking processes in the development of definition, opinion, and conclusions from subjects with different thinking styles. However, the difference in the thinking process from each thinking styles do not hamper students’ success in constructing knowledge. Keywords: Thinking process, Concave place, Thinking style, Gregorc model [Bahasa]: Pembelajaran matematika seharusnya memfasilitasi siswa membangun pengetahuan sendiri. Dalam membangun pengetahuan, siswa melibatkan beragam proses dan gaya berpikir. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berpikir siswa dalam mengidentifikasi bangun datar concave berdasarkan gaya berpikir model Gregorc. Subjek penelitian adalah 33 siswa kelas IX SMP yang memiliki gaya berpikir berbeda. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes, angket, dan wawancara non-terstruktur kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengungkap gaya dan proses berpikir siswa. Penelitian ini menemukan dua gaya berpikir berbeda yaitu Sekuensial Konkret dan Acak Abstrak dari siswa yang berhasil mengidentifikasi bangun datar concave sebagai layang-layang. Terdapat perbedaan proses berpikir dalam pembentukan pengertian, pembentukan pendapat, dan penarikan kesimpulan dari siswa dengan gaya berpikir berbeda. Namun demikian, perbedaan gaya berpikir dari setiap proses berpikir tidak membatasi keberhasilan siswa dalam mengkonstruksi suatu pengetahuan. Kata kunci: Proses berpikir, Gaya berpikir, Bangun concave, Model Gregorc
Molecular characterization of anaerobic dehalogenation by Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans

Haloorganics such as chlorophenols and chlorinated ethenes are among the most abundant pollutants in soil, sediments and groundwater, mainly caused by past and present industrial and agricultural activities. Due to bioaccumulation and toxicity, these compounds threaten the integrity of the environment, and human and animal health. A recently discovered, phylogenetically diverse, group of anaerobic so-called halorespiring bacteria is able to couple the reductive dehalogenation of various haloorganic compounds to energy conservation and hence to growth, significantly contributing to in situ dehalogenation processes in anoxic environments. The observed persistence of halogenated pollutants in untreated ecosystems and the accumulation of degradation intermediates during bioremediation, however, indicated the need for engineering of process conditions and/or augmentation with efficient degraders. This thesis describes genetic approaches towards a thorough understanding of the molecular basis of anaerobic reductive dehalogenation in order to enable the further optimization of clean up procedures for contaminated anoxic environments. The Gram-positive Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans , capable of degrading o -chlorophenols, PCE and hydroxylated PCB's, was used as model organism throughout a major part of this study. The key enzyme o -chlorophenol reductive dehalogenase (CPR) was isolated and characterized at the biochemical and molecular levels, and comparison with known chlorophenol- and chloroalkene-reductive dehalogenases indicated that these enzymes constitute a yet unknown, but evolutionary ancient family of corrinoid-containing iron-sulfur proteins, which in addition share a twin-arginine signal sequence. Transcriptional analysis of the CPR-encoding gene cluster revealed that dehalogenation activity is strongly regulated at the transcriptional level. Efficient gene cloning, and random and specific gene inactivation systems were developed to enable (i) the elucidation of additional components involved in the anaerobic dehalogenation process and (ii) the study of their structure and function within the respiratory network. Halorespiration-deficient mutants were isolated following random chromosomal integration, and their characterization lead to the identification of genes encoding proteins possibly involved in structure, maturation and regulation of respiratory complexes. Reductive dehalogenase-encoding gene targeted (RT-)PCR-based molecular approaches were developed that were useful for the detection of reductive dehalogenation potential and activity in pure cultures of potentially halorespiring microorganisms. The results obtained in this study provide valuable knowledge on the molecular basis of anaerobic reductive dehalogenation and might serve as a sound basis for the further exploitation of halorespiring bacteria as dedicated degraders in biological remediation processes.
Macronutrient uptake and carotenoid/chlorophyll a ratio in the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carteri Hulburt, cultured under different nutrient and light conditions

Population growth, macronutrient (NO3 -, PO4 3-) uptake and carotenoids/chlorophyll a ratio we determined in Amphidinium carteri Hulburt, cultured under conditions of continuous light (50, 150, 300 and 750 µmol quanta m-2 s-1 ) and three nutrient concentrations NaNO3/NaH2PO4 at 441.5/18.1 µM (low) 883/36.3 µM (medium) and 1766/72.6 µM (high). Both nutrient and irradiance had a significant effect (p 0.05). In cultures under low nutrient condition, NO3 - and PO4 3- were almost depleted by the fifth day and in cultures with medium nutrient this condition occurred in the sixth day; whereas, at high nutrient condition the nutrients were not depleted. We concluded that A. carteri had higher growth rates and nutrient consumption at 300 µmol quanta m-2 s-1 during the first five days and in general the effect of nutrients on the pigment ratios was not significant (p > 0.05). However, the average peridinin/Chla ratio decreased up to 72% from the lowest and the highest irradiance. The opposite was observed for the average of diadinoxanthin/Chla ratio that increased almost two-fold, and the averages dinoxanthin and diatoxanthin to Chla ratios that increased from low to high irradiances. The average diatoxanthin/Chla ratio at 750 µmol quanta m-2 s-1 increased up to 2.7-fold from the exponential to the stationary phase only in the low and medium nutrient concentration. Likewise, the average peridinin, dinoxanthin and diatoxanthin to Chla ratios were not significantly different at 50 and 150 µmol quanta m-2 s-1 . These results indicate important changes in average carotenoids/Chla ratios in A. carteri cultured under different irradiances.
Study on the calibration method for tri-axis fluxgate gradiometer

Aiming at the measurement errors caused by non-orthogonality, inconsistent sensitivity, zero-offset of the tri-axis fluxgate sensor and the position misalignment of two fluxgate sensors composed of the gradiometer, this paper establishes the correction model of measurement error of magnetometer and gradiometer, puts forward the comprehensive coefficient method, and uses the non-magnetic turntable to calibrate the Mag648 three-axis magnetometer and gradiometer in the uniform magnetic environment. The experimental results show that the method can reduce the maximum total magnetic field deviation of the two magnetometers from 552.4 nT to 15.0 nT, and reduce the maximum output deviation of the three-component gradiometer from 3891.5 nT to 37.2 nT, which effectively improves the reliability of the three-axis magnetic sensor in measurement.