Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
APPARENT COMPETITION OR APPARENT MUTUALISM? SHARED PREDATION WHEN POPULATIONS CYCLE

We use simple mathematical models to explore the indirect interactions between two prey species that share a predator when all three species undergo population cycles. The results are compared to analogous findings for systems that reach a stable equilibrium point. It is common for removal of one prey from a cycling system to result in a decrease in the mean density of the remaining prey species, contrary to the usual logic of apparent competition. Even when apparent competition between prey exists, its magnitude is usually reduced by population cycles. This effect occurs when the predator has a concave- down relationship between prey abundance and its own per capita growth rate. Such re- lationships can occur because of a saturating functional or numerical response. We inves- tigate how prey density dependence and the shape of the predator's functional and numerical responses affect the sign and magnitude of this indirect interaction between prey species. There may also be (+, -) interactions between prey that differ significantly in their sus- ceptibility to the common predator.
Gestational Diet Folic Acid Content and Development and Function of Food Intake Regulation in Rats

High folic acid consumed during pregnancy promotes characteristics of metabolic syndrome in rat offspring. We hypothesized that folic acid alters the development of hypothalamic food intake pathways in utero, contributing to the metabolic phenotype of the offspring in later life. Pregnant Wistar dams were fed modified AIN-93G diets containing folic acid at: 0, 1.0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0-fold of the recommended level. The folic acid content in the gestational diet was reflected in the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons and body weight of the male offspring at birth. Low and high gestational folic acid led to higher food intake and weight gain in the offspring to 9 weeks post-weaning, consistent with decreased activity of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. The folic acid content in the gestational diet affects in utero development of hypothalamic feeding circuits and contributes to a phenotype that reflects characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in the offspring.
Alleviating heat strain during exercise : hand cooling and thermoregulation

Exercise capacity and performance are impaired in hot and humid environments, principally due to an increased body temperature and cardiovascular strain. Strategies that alleviate heat strain and improve exercise capability are therefore meaningful from a safety and performance perspective. These strategies are often assessed using core body temperature as a primary outcome, usually derived from inside the rectum, but increasingly from the intestinal tract using gastrointestinal telemetry pill systems. The reliability of intestinal temperature, however, was unclear. Therefore, the purpose of study 1 was to investigate the inter-day reliability of intestinal temperature during an exercise-heat challenge. Gastrointestinal temperature demonstrated good reliability but researchers and practitioners should be aware of potential heteroscedasticity as the magnitude of error increases with temperature. This information is useful when examining the effectiveness of strategies to alleviate heat strain and improve performance. Indeed, there are many interventions designed for this purpose, however, few are practical enough to be used during continuous exercise in hot environments. The objective of study 2 was to systematically identify and meta-analyse the effect of practical cooling strategies applied during exercise in hot environments. Cooling during fixed-intensity exercise before a self-paced performance trial improves endurance performance in the heat. These improvements are most likely mediated by an improved rating of perceived exertion and heat strain but not by attenuating an increase in body temperature. A potentially effective site for limiting increases in body temperature during exercise is the hands. Therefore, the purpose of study 3 was to quantify the physiological and perceptual responses to hand immersion in water during recumbent cycling in a hot environment. Hand immersion in cold water attenuated an increase in body temperature compared to a thermoneutral control and elicited beneficial effects on heart rate, skin temperature and skin blood flow. The aim of study 4 was to extend these findings to investigate the effects of prototype cooling gloves worn during exercise in a hot environment. The cooling gloves decreased indices of intestinal and skin temperature as well as heart rate. Beneficial effects were also observed for rating of perceived exertion, thermal comfort and thermal sensation. The findings from these studies have practical implications for assessments of interventions using gastrointestinal temperature, the choice of practical cooling strategy used during exercise in the heat and the application of hand cooling strategies. Future research should aim to improve the ergonomics of the cooling gloves designed in study 4 and investigate their impact on exercise capability in hot environments.
Advancing the Measurement of Personal Intelligence with the Test of Personal Intelligence, Version 5 (TOPI 5)

People use their personal intelligence (PI) to understand personality in themselves and others. In Studies 1 and 2 (Ns = 961 and 548), individuals completed the Test of Personal Intelligence, Version 5 (TOPI 5), which is introduced here. The TOPI 5 is an ability assessment with a broader range of content and more challenging items than earlier test versions. In past research, factor analyses indicated that people employ two distinct but highly correlated abilities to problem-solve in this area. These two-factor models, however, exhibited instabilities and limited applicability between the TOPI 4 and 5 in this research (and as reported in the Supplementary Materials). In Study 3, we successfully test the one-factor models of the TOPI with the present data and archival data sets (Narchival = 19,627). We then use the one-factor models to develop a pair of new test forms: one that is compatible with all the TOPI test versions and another, TOPI 5E, that is better at distinguishing among people scoring in the higher range of performance relative to previous measures.
Security Analysis of Virtualization in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a technology that enables organizations to share various services in a seamless and cost-effective manner by providing required resources, applications, software, hardware, computing infrastructure, business process to control collaboration. Today clouds with virtualization are transforming IT. Security problems square measure the part considerations of virtualization technology once there's information communicate and application attain from such virtual machine to a different because it is an incontrovertible threat for potency. Virtualization is that the base of cloud computing, it's doomed to possess a lot of development to steal attacks, intrusions and system failures. This technology permits the introduction of logical instances and figures them to run at the same time by having totally different operative systems by all of the compatible applications every place existing physical resources. Here we have a tendency to introduce an approach to permit the safety of the Virtual machines and their needed resources by permitting them to trade usually certainly. In this paper, we studied performance and security issues with respect to efficiency, integrity and cost in cloud computing.
Additive partitioning of spider diversity in a fragmented tropical dry forest (Valle del Cauca, Colombia)

Abstract Understanding the variation of diversity patterns requires analysis at multiple spatial scales. In this study we estimated the diversity components (alpha, beta and gamma) of the spider community at El Vínculo Natural Regional Park, using the additive partitioning of diversity (species richness, Shannon's diversity index and Simpson's index) for the first time on this taxon in Colombia. We collected the specimens following a nested sampling design that consisted of two spatial scales. At the local scale, we quantified additive diversity components in 238 sampling units, and at the regional scale in five vegetation types. Total observed regional diversity (γ) was partitioned into its additive components: within sampling units (α1), among sampling units (βl) and among vegetation types (β2). We used the same approach to compare common and infrequent spider species and to compare sampling methods. A total of 1565 adult spiders and 72 identifiable juveniles, including 193 morphospecies from 36 families, was sampled during the study. In all cases (entire community, infrequent species, common species and four different sampling methods) we found that a significant percentage, relative to that of randomization tests, of the diversity measurements used was attributed to beta diversity among vegetation types. The relative contributions of alpha and beta diversity to total observed regional diversity depended on the diversity measurement used. The contribution of beta diversity with respect to alpha diversity was low using Simpson's index (less than 20%), whereas with species richness and Shannon's index the contribution was high (up to 90% and up to 66%, respectively). Our results suggest that beta diversity is the main component of diversity in the natural park. We concluded that the maintenance of a large variety of vegetation types can be an important tool for the conservation of spider richness at the natural park.
Wood Ash Improved Soil Properties and Crop Yield for Nine Years and Saved Fertilizer

Wood ash may be used to mitigate soil acidity and improve crop production. We compared effects of wood ash and recommended fertilizers on soil properties of a Gray Luivsol, crop yields and contribution margins in southeast Peace, Alberta, Canada. The CHK (no fertilizer, inoculation or wood ash), FRT (recommended fertilizers or inoculation), ASH (wood ash rate to supply amounts of phosphorus equivalent to the FRT treatment); and ASH+N (same as ASH + N fertilizer or inoculation) treatments were applied in 2006 and 2007. Their effects were studied from 2006 to 2014. Wood ash had all the essential plant nutrients, except nitrogen. Soil samples collected in 2007, 2008 and 2013 had or tended to have higher pH, P, K, Ca, Ca:Mg ratio, S, Cu, Zn and B levels for the ASH and ASH+N treatments than the CHK and FRT treatments. In the 2006 and 2007, the seed yields were ASH+N > FRT > ASH > CHK. The seed yields in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 were greater from both the wood ash treatments than other treatments. Extra contribution margin from the ASH+N over the FRT treatment was $751/ha, i.e. $97 Mg -1 of applied wood ash. Overall, wood ash reduced fertilizer expenditure and improved seed yield, contribution margin and soil properties, with residual effects observed up to seven years and likely for few more years.
Psychosocial Correlates of Child Out-of-Home Living Arrangements among At-Risk Pregnant Women

The purpose of this study was to identify the maternal psychosocial factors associated with child out-of-home living arrangements among pregnant women living in poverty. One hundred and sixty women considered at psychosocial risk for child maltreatment were interviewed according to a structured questionnaire when they presented for prenatal care at a large urban hospital-based clinic. Mothers whose children were currently living with substitute caregivers were compared with mothers whose children resided with them. The policy and practice implications of the findings are discussed.
Effects of photoperiod and drought on the induction of crassulacean acid metabolism and the reproduction of plants of Talinum triangulare

To examine the effects of day length on the induction of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) by drought in the tropical species, Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. (Portulacaceae), plants were subjected to drought under different photoperiods. Nocturnal acid accumulation was 52 μmol H +· ·g -1 fresh mass (FM) in plants grown under a 10 h light : 14 h dark photoperiod and 76 μmol H + ·g -1 FM in plants grown under 13 h light : 11 h dark, whereas it was only 10 μmol H + ·g -1 FM in plants grown under 18 h ligh t:6h dark. Plants were subjected to drought under short days and under short days with a night interruption of 1.5 h white light, aiming to simulate a long day, while minimally affecting daily carbon balance. Only droughted plants under normal short days accumulated acids during the night. Absence of CAM could not be attributed to differences due to photoperiod in either biomass allocation, chlorophyll content, or leaf water content. Photoperiod did not significantly affect fecundity in watered plants, whereas drought markedly reduced fecundity in plants with night interruption relative to plants under normal short days. Reproductive effort, calculated as seeds per gram leaf, was significantly higher in droughted plants under normal short days and watered plants with and without night interruption than in droughted plants with night interruption.
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ-regulated ABCG2 Expression Confers Cytoprotection to Human Dendritic Cells*

ABCG2, a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporters has been identified as a protective pump against endogenous and exogenous toxic agents. ABCG2 was shown to be expressed at high levels in stem cells and variably regulated during cell differentiation. Here we demonstrate that functional ABCG2 is expressed in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by the activation of a nuclear hormone receptor, PPARγ. We identified and characterized a 150-base pair long conserved enhancer region, containing three functional PPAR response elements (PPARE), upstream of the human ABCG2 gene. We confirmed the binding of the PPARγ·RXR heterodimer to this enhancer region, suggesting that PPARγ directly regulates the transcription of ABCG2. Consistent with these results, elevated expression of ABCG2 mRNA was coupled to enhanced protein production, resulting in increased xenobiotic extrusion capacity via ABCG2 in PPARγ-activated cells. Furthermore PPARγ instructed dendritic cells showed increased Hoechst dye extrusion and resistance to mitoxantrone. Collectively, these results uncovered a mechanism by which up-regulation of functional ABCG2 expression can be achieved via exogenous or endogenous activation of the lipid-activated transcription factor, PPARγ. The increased expression of the promiscuous ABCG2 transporter can significantly modify the xenobiotic and drug resistance of human myeloid dendritic cells.
Adverse Drug Reaction Detection Using Data Mining Approaches: A Survey

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) is a major problem faced by medical practitioners all over the world with respect to drug safety. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the harmful reactions of the drugs caused to humans due to overdose or chemical reactions between two or more chemicals in the medicines, etc. Discovering unknown ADRs as early as possible is highly desirable because they affect large number of people and can help in raising early warning against adverse effects of drugs and help medical experts in making treatment effective and timely. In today’s digital era a huge amount of data correlated to adverse effects of drugs is being collected at hospitals, drug retail stores and by drug producers. We use technology to supervise the complex data produced by the health care system. Data mining is one of the technologies used to find the interesting knowledge from the vast data produced by the health care system and used to analyze the patterns in large sets of data. This data can be used for finding out the secreted relationships between drugs and their adverse reactions. This paper provides a survey on how data mining techniques can be utilized in detection of adverse effects of drugs which is useful for new entrants as well as researcher in this filed. Keywords— Adverse Drug Reaction, Data Mining, Adverse Effects, Knowledge Discovery
Characterization of the turning response of dorsal root neurites toward nerve growth factor

This study reports that chick dorsal root ganglion neurites undergo a rapid (20 min) reorientation of their direction of growth in response to nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration gradients in vitro. Dorsal root ganglia from chick embryos were explanted onto a collagen-poly-L- lysine substrate. After 24-48 h in culture, NGF gradients were applied to individual growth cones via a micropipette containing 50 biological units NGF/ml. The growth cones turned and grew toward these NGF sources. This turning response was not caused by the trophic effects of NGF on neurite initiation, survival, or growth rate. Dorsal root neurites also grew toward sources of mono- and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dB cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and elevated calcium in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that intracellular levels of cAMP and /or cGMP and calcium may play a role in the turning response of dorsal root neurites toward NGF, but do not establish a causal relationship between the mechanisms of action of NGF, cyclic nucleotides and calcium. Total growth cone adherence to the substrate was measured using a timed microjet of perfusion medium. NGF increased the adherence of growth cones to the substrate, but caffeine and dB cAMP which also elicit the positive turning response, decreased growth cone adherence. Calcium, which did not elicit the positive turning response, produced a greater growth cone adherence to the substrate than that observed with NGF. Although these results do not rule out a role of adhesion changes in axonal turning to NGF, they show that a general increase in adherence does not correlate well with the rapid turning response observed in this study.
DELINEATING THE ROLES OF C. ELEGANS HEME RESPONSIVE GENES HRG-2 AND HRG-3 IN HEME HOMEOSTASIS

Title of Document: DELINEATING THE ROLES OF C. ELEGANS HEME RESPONSIVE GENES HRG-2 AND HRG-3 IN HEME HOMEOSTASIS Caiyong Chen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2009 Directed By: Associate Professor Dr. Iqbal Hamza, Department of Animal and Avian sciences Heme is an essential cofactor for diverse biological processes such as oxygen transport, xenobiotic detoxification, and circadian clock control. Since free heme is hydrophobic and cytotoxic, we hypothesize that within eukaryotic cells, specific trafficking pathways exist for the delivery of heme to different subcellular destinations where hemoproteins reside. To identify molecules that may be involved in heme homeostasis, we conducted a C. elegans microarray experiment on RNA extracted from worms grown at different concentrations of heme in axenic liquid medium. Analysis of the microarrays revealed that the mRNA levels of heme-responsive gene-2 (hrg-2) and hrg-3 increased more than 70 fold when worms were grown at 4 μM compared to 20 μM heme. hrg-2 is expressed in hypodermal tissues in the worm, and the protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and the apical plasma membrane. In vitro hemin agarose pull-down experiments indicate that HRG-2 binds heme. Deletion of hrg-2 in C. elegans leads to reduced growth rate at low heme. Moreover, expression of HRG-2 in hem1Δ, a heme-deficient yeast strain, results in growth rescue at submicromolar concentrations of exogenous heme. These results indicate that HRG-2 may either directly participate in heme uptake or facilitate heme delivery to another protein. Unlike hrg-2, hrg-3 is exclusively expressed in the worm intestine under heme deficiency. Following its synthesis, HRG-3 is secreted into the body cavity pseudocoelom. Deletion of hrg-3 results in increased heme levels in the worm intestine, suggesting that HRG-3 may function in intercellular heme transport in C. elegans. To identify the functional network or pathways for HRG-2 and HRG-3, we performed a genome-wide microarray analysis using RNA samples prepared from the worms grown at different concentrations of heme and oxygen. The results showed that a total of 446 genes were transcriptionally altered by heme and/or oxygen. Among them, 41 and 29 genes exhibited similar expression profiles to hrg-2 and hrg-3, respectively. We postulate that these genes may function in conjunction with hrg-2 and hrg-3. Taken together, we have identified two novel heme-responsive genes in metazoa that may play critical roles in modulating organismal heme homeostasis in C. elegans. DELINEATING THE ROLES OF C. ELEGANS HEME RESPONSIVE GENES HRG-2 AND HRG-3 IN HEME HOMEOSTASIS
The exploration of organization factors that inspire intrapreneurship in Iranian Agricultural Research Organization (IARO)

The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate organizational factors which influence intrapreneurship development in Iranian Agricultural Research Organization (IARO). Authors of Intrapreneurship studies have proposed many organizational factors variables that might influence intrapreneurship and organizational effectiveness. However, no previous studies have attempted a broad integration of all of these in a comprehensive theory of Intrapreneurship. The present study seeks to move in this direction. Descriptive - correlation research method was employed to conduct the study. Statistical population comprised all IREO agricultural research and development specialists. To draw samples, one province out of each regional category of the country was selected randomly and 250 out of 1145 research specialists were also randomly selected from six selected provinces based on Cochran's methodology. A well constructed questionnaire comprised of two parts: First, 40 questions to assess intrapreneurship development and second 69 questions dealing with organizational factors, with direct role in intrapreneurship development. Validity of the questionnaire was analyzed and reliability coefficient was calculated for the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha ratio of α = 0.93 for the first and α = 0.906 for the second part). SPSSWin15 was utilized to process the data. Applying correlation analysis showed that intrapreneurship development had positively significant relationship with organization factors (P = 0.01). Also multivariate regression revealed that 56% of variance in intrapreneurship development was determined by: Leadership style, organization strategy, organizational control system and organizational culture. The remaining variance was due to other variables and organizational factor that have not been investigated in this research. Results showed that an organization with appropriate factors would be more successful in human resource management field as well as can stimulate intrapreneurship development. Key words: Entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, agricultural research intrapreneurship.