Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yogurt in the Treatment of Infantile Diarrhea

MANY different disease processes may induce diarrhea in infants and young children,1, The time required for stool cultures and antibiotic sensitivity tests makes laboratory studies for pathogenesis and specific therapy of limited clinical usefulness in milder cases and with children being treated at home. Despite the fact that antibiotic drugs may themselves produce diarrhea,3 , and that the presenting disturbance may be of non-infectious origin or caused by a viral agent insensitive to antibiotics, these drugs are frequently prescribed for treatment of infantile diarrhea.
The Complexity of Vertex Enumeration Methods

The computational complexity of problems relating to the enumeration of all the vertices of a convex polyhedron defined by linear inequalities is examined. Several published approaches are evaluated in this light. A new algorithm is described, and shown to have a better complexity estimate than existing methods. Empirical evidence supporting the theoretical superiority is presented. Finally vertex enumeration is discussed when the space containing the polyhedra is of fixed dimension and only the size of the inequality system is permitted to vary.
Assessment of Scar Quality after Cleft Lip Closure

Objective To assess scar quality after cleft lip repair. Design The linear scars of patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate were evaluated in a prospective study using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Linear regression was performed to identify which scar characteristics were important according to patients and observer. Setting Regular outpatient follow-up visit with the cleft palate teams of two tertiary centers. Patients All consecutive patients were asked to participate in this study after informed consent, minimally 1 year postsurgery. Main Outcome Measure Scar characteristics influencing patient and observer opinion after cleft lip repair. Results A total of 86 patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate were included, resulting in evaluation of 99 scars. Two scar characteristics, itching and pain, were seldom a concern for the patients. Linear regression showed that scars assessed longer after surgery had a better outcome. Conclusion Scar itching and pain did not seem to have an effect on patient opinion of the quality of the scar, and the majority of the patients were more satisfied with the outcome of their scar than the observer was.
Principles of transaction-oriented database recovery

In this paper, a terminological framework is provided for describing different transactionoriented recovery schemes for database systems in a conceptual rather than an implementation-dependent way. By introducing the terms materialized database, propagation strategy, and checkpoint, we obtain a means for classifying arbitrary implementations from a unified viewpoint. This is complemented by a classification scheme for logging techniques, which are precisely defined by using the other terms. It is shown that these criteria are related to all relevant questions such as speed and scope of recovery and amount of redundant information required. The primary purpose of this paper, however, is to establish an adequate and precise terminology for a topic in which the confusion of concepts and implementational aspects still imposes a lot of problems.
A Newsvendor's Procurement Problem when Suppliers Are Unreliable

We consider the problem of a newsvendor that is served by multiple suppliers, where any given supplier is defined to be either perfectly reliable or unreliable. By perfectly reliable we mean a supplier that delivers an amount identically equal to the amount desired, as is the case in the most basic variant of the newsvendor problem. By unreliable, we mean a supplier that with some probability delivers an amount strictly less than the amount desired. Our results indicate the following effects of unreliability: From the perspective of the newsvendor, the aggregate quantity ordered is higher than otherwise would be ordered if the newsvendor's suppliers were completely reliable. From the perspective of end customers, however, the service level provided is lower than otherwise would be provided if the newsvendor's suppliers were completely reliable. From the perspective of the suppliers, although reliability affects how much is ordered from a selected supplier, cost generally takes precedence over reliability when it comes to selecting suppliers in the first place. Even perfect reliability is no guarantee for qualification since, in an optimal solution, a given supplier will be selected only if all less-expensive suppliers are selected, regardless of the given supplier's reliability level. Nevertheless, the relative size of a selected supplier's order depends on its reliability.
Mapping virtual and physical reality

Real walking offers higher immersive presence for virtual reality (VR) applications than alternative locomotive means such as walking-in-place and external control gadgets, but needs to take into consideration different room sizes, wall shapes, and surrounding objects in the virtual and real worlds. Despite perceptual study of impossible spaces and redirected walking, there are no general methods to match a given pair of virtual and real scenes. We propose a system to match a given pair of virtual and physical worlds for immersive VR navigation. We first compute a planar map between the virtual and physical floor plans that minimizes angular and distal distortions while conforming to the virtual environment goals and physical environment constraints. Our key idea is to design maps that are globally surjective to allow proper folding of large virtual scenes into smaller real scenes but locally injective to avoid locomotion ambiguity and intersecting virtual objects. From these maps we derive altered rendering to guide user navigation within the physical environment while retaining visual fidelity to the virtual environment. Our key idea is to properly warp the virtual world appearance into real world geometry with sufficient quality and performance. We evaluate our method through a formative user study, and demonstrate applications in gaming, architecture walkthrough, and medical imaging.
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea after Orticochea Pharyngoplasty for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Management

Background and Purpose The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its level of severity associated with Orticochea pharyngoplasty in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency after at least 1 year of the surgical procedure. Design Case series prospective descriptive study Main Outcome Measures At FISULAB, a rehabilitation center for patients with cleft palate, we studied 37 patients who were treated elsewhere with Orticochea pharyngoplasty for velopharyngeal insufficiency; these patients may or may not have had clinical symptoms related to OSA. All participants underwent a polysomnography sleep study, which was also done in different institutions. We applied the Epworth Sleepiness Scales during the clinical investigation because it is an effective instrument used to measure average daytime sleepiness. Another questionnaire to identify cases of OSA was used. Among other variables studied, the apnea/hypopnea index was the main outcome, while age and type of cleft were secondary variables. Results From 37 patients who were studied (100%), we obtained the following results: normal apnea/hypopnea index: seven patients (18.9%); mild apnea/hypopnea index: 14 patients (37.8%); moderate apnea/hypopnea index: eight patients (21.6%); and severe apnea/hypopnea index: eight patients (21.6%) Conclusions In this study, we found that more than three quarters (81%) of the patients who were treated for velopharyngeal insufficiency with Orticochea pharyngoplasty presented obstructive sleep apnea when analyzing the apnea/hypopnea index in the polysomnography sleep study.
Fusion4D

We contribute a new pipeline for live multi-view performance capture, generating temporally coherent high-quality reconstructions in real-time. Our algorithm supports both incremental reconstruction, improving the surface estimation over time, as well as parameterizing the nonrigid scene motion. Our approach is highly robust to both large frame-to-frame motion and topology changes, allowing us to reconstruct extremely challenging scenes. We demonstrate advantages over related real-time techniques that either deform an online generated template or continually fuse depth data nonrigidly into a single reference model. Finally, we show geometric reconstruction results on par with offline methods which require orders of magnitude more processing time and many more RGBD cameras.
Past, current and future perspectives on service responses to the homeless street drinking population of dublin city centre.

This research examines service responses to the homeless street drinking population of Dublin City Centre, with the aim of carrying out a preliminary evaluation of the extent to which policy and practice is currently succeeding in addressing the needs of this specific group. The two substantive areas considered are the reality of the drinking problems faced by this cohort and an evaluation of current policy and management/practice of services to this group. The main policy themes examined within the research were the homeless strategy, with its attempt to cross-cut/join-up the statutory and voluntary services, the extension of harm reduction ideas to street drinking and the growing awareness of the multiple needs of this group. A triangulation method was employed using a qualitative research approach. A literature review critically analysed current national and international thinking regarding this cohort and eight semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders were carried out. These methods enabled a comparison of cognitions and expectations of the interviewees while comparing them with current thinking in the wider spheres of influence. The findings reveal that homeless street drinkers in Dublin City Centre are not, predominately rough sleepers. The inability of this cohort to comply with a range of services was identified as a significant issue, this was seen as one reason why homeless street drinkers are frequently 'houseless' but not 'roofless' i.e. often living in temporary accommodation. Significantly, the research revealed that poly-substance use and the risk of overdose are major risk factors for this cohort. That a new generation of younger people are using the streets to drink in and their use of licit and illicit substances is more prevalent. Notably, the research shows that co-morbidity is a major issue for this cohort, with psychiatric assessment identified as a major block to people experiencing co-morbidity. Finally, the research shows that in the last ten years a philosophical change has taken place which embraces harm reduction for this cohort. Along with this philosophical shift, the research found that although there is cynicism regarding 'higher policy cross cutting initiatives' improvements have been made in the service delivery to homeless street drinkers in Dublin City Centre.
Switched by input: Power efficient structure for RRAM-based convolutional neural network

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a powerful technique widely used in computer vision area, which also demands much more computations and memory resources than traditional solutions. The emerging metal-oxide resistive random-access memory (RRAM) and RRAM crossbar have shown great potential on neuromorphic applications with high energy efficiency. However, the interfaces between analog RRAM crossbars and digital peripheral functions, namely Analog-to-Digital Converters (AD-Cs) and Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs), consume most of the area and energy of RRAM-based CNN design due to the large amount of intermediate data in CNN. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient structure for RRAM-based CNN. Based on the analysis of data distribution, a quantization method is proposed to transfer the intermediate data into 1 bit and eliminate DACs. An energy efficient structure using input data as selection signals is proposed to reduce the ADC cost for merging results of multiple crossbars. The experimental results show that the proposed method and structure can save 80% area and more than 95% energy while maintaining the same or comparable classification accuracy of CNN on MNIST.
Effects of Gravity on the Velopharyngeal Structures in Children Using Upright Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective The influence of gravity on the velopharyngeal structures in children is unknown. The purpose of this study is to compare the velopharyngeal mechanism in the upright and supine positions while at rest and during sustained speech production in children between 4 and 8 years old. Methods A 0.6 Tesla open-type, multipositional magnetic resonance imaging scanner was used to image subjects in the upright and supine positions. The scanning protocol included a T2 fluid attenuation inversion recovery and an oblique coronal turbo spin echo scan with short scanning durations (7.9 seconds) to enable visualization of the velopharyngeal anatomy during rest and production of sustained /i/ and /s/. Results The magnetic resonance imaging protocol used for this study enabled successful visualization of the velopharyngeal anatomy in the sagittal and oblique coronal planes at rest and during sustained phonation of /i/ and /s/. Positional differences demonstrated a small nonsignificant (P > .05) variation for velar measures (length, thickness, and height), retrovelar space, and levator veli palatini measures (length and angles of origin). Conclusions Gravity had a negligible effect on velar length, velar thickness, velar height, retrovelar space, levator muscle length, and levator angles of origin. Supine imaging data can be translated to an upright activity such as speech. This is the first study to provide normative levator muscle lengths for children between 4 and 8 years old. Upright imaging may be a promising tool for difficult-to-test populations.
Optimization of Dental Status Improves Long-Term Outcome after Alveolar Bone Grafting in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective To evaluate the importance of dental status for long-term outcome after alveolar bone grafting in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Design Retrospective longitudinal study. Setting Cleft lip and palate-craniofacial center, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. Patients A total of 67 consecutive patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Interventions Secondary alveolar bone grafting, prior to the eruption of the permanent canine, was performed at the average age of 10.0 years (range, 8.5 to 12.0 years). Main Outcome Measures Alveolar bone height was evaluated with the modified Bergland index at 1 and 10 years after surgery. Results Of the patients, 97% had modified Bergland index grade I and the remaining 3% had modified Bergland index grade II at 1 year after surgery. At 10 years' follow-up, 43% showed modified Bergland index grade I; 55%, modified Bergland index grade II; and 2% (one patient), modified Bergland index grade III. The degree of dental anomalies in the cleft area, such as enamel hypoplasia, incisor rotation, incisor inclination, canine inclination, and oral hygiene registered preoperatively, all correlated negatively to the modified Bergland index at 10 years after surgery. Enamel hypoplasia (ρ = 0.70195, P < .0001), followed by canine inclination (ρ = 0.55429, P < .0001), showed the strongest correlation to reduced bone height in the cleft area. Conclusions In patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, excellent results from secondary alveolar bone grafting in terms of bone height in the alveolar cleft tend to decrease with time. This seems to be correlated with factors that might to some extent be treated preoperatively through adequate planning and execution of the orthodontic treatment.
A review of brief cognitive assessment tests

There is a rising prevalence of dementia in line with the continuing demographic transition. More timely diagnosis of dementia is recommended. Brief cognitive tests are useful as they provide a rapid assessment that can indicate the possibility of dementia and identify people for detailed cognitive assessment. Many brief cognitive tests have been developed and practitioners need information in order to select a test that performs well, is acceptable to patients, and is suitable for the relevant care setting. In a structured review, we identified twelve brief cognitive impairment tests, of which six have been sufficiently studied and can be recommended for use in routine care.
Columellar-Frenulum Angle - A Significant Clinical Parameter in Assessing the Degree of Severity in Unilateral Cleft Lip

Objectives The study was carried out to learn if the columellar-frenulum angle could be used as one of the most important anthropometric measurements to predict the clinical severity in unilateral cleft lip patients. Settings and Design This is a prospective case series conducted at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Methods and Material The study was based on the Thomson and Reinders criteria (1995), and various anthropometric measurements, including the columellar-frenulum angle, were measured. A total of 30 patients (21 boys and 9 girls) were included in the study. The ages of the children varied from 4 months to 15 years. The left side was affected in 18 patients, and 2 gave a significant positive family history. All the patients were subjected uniformly to Tennison's cleft lip repair. Patients with strictly unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were included in the study. Microform clefts, incomplete cleft lips, and bilateral clefts were excluded from the study. Statistical Analysis The data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results The CF angle correlated negatively with the soft tissue defect of the cleft, cutaneous lip length, and vermilion lip length discrepancies from normal and soft tissue width just behind the alveolus. Conclusions CF angle promises to offer a method by which prognosis of clefts can be predicted in terms of its severity in patients with unilateral cleft lip.
Efficacy of Web-Based [E-Learning] Office Ergonomics Training: A Test Study

Abstract Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders of computer users represent a growing problem for the workplace, the health care system, and the society. Office ergonomic educational strategies have been developed and implemented to address this concern. In this study, we aimed to establish and test an e-learning method for office ergonomics training and evaluate immediate and short-term effects of the training. Methods: Web-based ergonomics training was designed and delivered. Assessments included demographic, knowledge, and behavioral aspects. Several online surveys and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment [RULA] were used as assessment tools. Results: The Knowledge Assessment Score after the training significantly improved from 4.70 to 9.58. Behavioral assessment scores including the RULA and Workplace Interaction Score improved from 5.72 to 5.11 and 6.39 to 7.99, respectively. Conclusion: It was observed that employees had converted the knowledge they gained by training into behavioral change, and they reflected this in their working postures and workplace interaction.
Generating a Representative Subset of the Nondominated Frontier in Multiple Criteria Decision Making

In this paper, we address the problem of generating a discrete representation of the nondominated frontier in multiple objective linear problems. We find a surface that approximates the shape of the nondominated frontier. Utilizing the surface, we generate a set of discrete points that is representative of the frontier. Our experience on randomly generated problems demonstrates that the approach performs well in terms of both the quality of the representation and the computation time.
Cost-effectiveness of macrogol 4000 compared to lactulose in the treatment of chronic functional constipation in the UK

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of macrogol 4000 compared to lactulose in the treatment of chronic functional constipation, from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. Methods: A decision model depicting the management of chronic functional constipation was constructed using clinical outcomes and resource use values derived from patients suffering from chronic functional constipation in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) Database. The model was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a general practitioner (GP) prescribing macrogol 4000 relative to lactulose to treat adults ≥18 years of age suffering from chronic functional constipation. Results: Forty-two per cent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38%; 46%) of macrogol 4000-treated patients are expected to be successfully treated within 3 months after starting treatment, compared to 31% (95% CI: 27%; 37%) of lactulose-treated patients. Patients' health status at 3 months was estimated to be 0.213 (95% CI: 0.200; 0.223) and 0.210 (95% CI: 0.197; 0.220) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in the macrogol 4000 and lactulose groups, respectively. The total 3-monthly NHS cost of treating patients with macrogol 4000 or lactulose was estimated to be £115 (95% CI: £98; £132) and £102 (95% CI: £86; £119), respectively. Hence, the cost per QALY gained with macrogol 4000 was estimated to be £4333. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the model, treatment with macrogol 4000 relative to lactulose is expected to increase the probability of being successfully treated by 35% at 3 months (p < 0.0001), although this yields only a 1% improvement in health gain. Nevertheless, macrogol 4000 affords a cost-effective addition to the range of laxatives available for this potentially resource-intensive condition, since it is clinically more effective than lactulose and the cost-effective strategy from the perspective of the NHS.