Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linkify: A Web-Based Collaborative Content Tagging System for Machine Learning Algorithms

Linkify: A Web-Based Collaborative Content Tagging System for Machine Learning Algorithms by Dante Soares Automated tutoring systems that use machine learning algorithms are a relatively new development which promises to revolutionize education by providing students on a large scale with an experience that closely resembles oneon-one tutoring. Machine learning algorithms are essential for these systems, as they are able to perform, with fairly good results, certain data processing tasks that have usually been considered difficult for artificial intelligence. However, the high performance of several machine learning algorithms relies on the existence of information about what is being processed in the form of tags, which have to be manually added to the content. Therefore, there is a strong need today for tagged educational resources. Unfortunately, tagging can be a very time-consuming task. Proven strategies for the mass tagging of content already exist: collaborative tagging systems, such as Delicious, StumbleUpon and CiteULike, have been growing in popularity in recent years. These websites allow users to tag content and browse previously tagged content that is relevant to the user’s interests. However, attempting to apply this particular strategy towards educational resource tagging presents several problems. Tags for educational resources to be used in tutoring systems need to be highly accurate, as mistakes in recommending or assigning material to students can be very detrimental to their learning, so ideally subject-matter experts would perform the resource tagging. The issue with hiring experts is that they can sometimes be not only scarce but also expensive, therefore limiting the number of resources that could potentially be tagged. Even if nonexperts are used, another issue arises from the fact that a large user base would be required to tag large amounts of resources, and acquiring large numbers of users can be a challenge in itself. To solve these problems, we present Linkify, a system that allows the more accurate tagging of large amounts of educational resources by combining the efforts of users with certain existing machine learning algorithms that are also capable of tagging resources. This thesis will discuss Linkify in detail, presenting its database structure and components, and discussing the design choices made during its development. We will also discuss a novel model for tagging errors based on a binary asymmetric channel. From this model, we derive an EM algorithm which can be used to combine tags entered into the Linkify system by multiple users and machine learning algorithms, producing the most likely set of relevant tags for each given educational resource. Our goal is to enable automated tutoring systems to use this tagging information in the future in order to improve their capability of assessing student knowledge and predicting student performance. At the same time, Linkify’s standardized structure for data input and output will facilitate the development and testing of new machine learning algorithms.
Design Of A Cad Integrated Physical Model Rotator

Increasing the number of engineers is crucial to keep pace with the current demands for a high tech workforce. There are two critical concerns related to the shortage of engineers, retention of students in engineering disciplines and attraction of students into engineering fields. While not the only factor that influences retention and recruitment issues (others include peer support and mentoring), poor spatial ability skills may play a significant role. For example, the ability to correctly visualize three dimensional objects when they are represented in two dimensions, such as in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software or in a detailed part drawing, is essential for engineers. Not surprisingly, due to self selection, engineering students typically score higher on spatial ability tests than their non-engineering counterparts. Research has shown that the spatial ability of engineering students will improve during a semester long CAD based design course and also that students prefer working with actual physical objects when developing these skills during a drafting course. However, whether the integration of an actual physical model with the CAD software can generate even greater improvement in spatial ability in both engineering and non-engineering students has not been investigated. In this paper, a CAD integrated Physical Model Rotator is proposed and details are provided with respect to its design and implementation. Future experiments are also discussed which will investigate the effectiveness of this educational tool to improve the spatial ability skills of a diverse population.
Making Foreign: Legal Identity, Social Policy and the Contours of Belonging in the Contemporary Dominican Republic

This empirical, multidisciplinary study offers a critical perspective into social policy architectures primarily in relation to questions of race, national identity and belonging in the Americas. It is the first to identify a connection between the universal provision of legal identity in the Dominican Republic with arbitrary measures to restrict access to citizenship paperwork from populations of (largely, but not exclusively) Haitian descent. The study highlights the current gap in global policy that overlooks the possible alienating effects of social inclusion measures, particularly in countries that discriminate against migrant-descended populations. It also supports concerns in scholarship regarding the dangers of identity management, noting that as administrative systems improve, new insecurities and uncertainties can develop (Seltzer and Anderson, 2001; Bigo, 2006; Lyon, 2009). The project therefore serves as a warning about the potential use of social policy architectures for authoritarian practices. In this regard, it offers a timely critique of global policy measures to provide all people everywhere with a legal identity in the run-up to the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Income inequality and education revisited: persistence, endogeneity and heterogeneity

ABSTRACT This article presents new results on the relationship between income inequality and education expansion – that is, increasing average years of schooling and reducing inequality of schooling. When dynamic panel estimation techniques are used to address issues of persistence and endogeneity, we find a large, positive, statistically significant and stable relationship between inequality of schooling and income inequality, especially in emerging and developing economies and among older-age cohorts. The relationship between income inequality and average years of schooling is positive, consistent with constant or increasing returns to additional years of schooling. While this positive relationship is small and not always statistically significant, we find a statistically significant negative relationship with years of schooling of younger cohorts. Statistical tests indicate that our dynamic estimators are consistent and that our identifying instruments are valid. Policy simulations suggest that education expansion will continue to be inequality reducing. This role will diminish as countries develop, but it could be enhanced through a stronger focus on reducing inequality in the quality of education.
Solving Partial Differential Equations with Neural Networks

Recent works have shown that neural networks can be employed to solve partial differential equations, bringing rise to the framework of physics informed neural networks.The aim of this project is to gain a deeper understanding of these novel methods, and to use these insights to further improve them. We show that solving a partial differential equation can be formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, and use this formulation to propose several modifications to existing methods. These modifications manifest as a scaling parameter, which can improve the accuracy by orders of magnitude for certain problems when it is chosen properly. We also propose heuristic methods to approximate the optimal scaling parameter, which can be used to eliminate the need to optimize this parameter. Our proposed methods are tested on a variety of partial differential equations and compared to existing methods. These partial differential equations include the Laplace equation, which we solve in up to four dimensions, the convection-diffucsion equation and the Helmholtz equation, all of which show that our proposed modifications lead to enhanced accuracy.
Road detection from aerial images: a cooperation between local and global methods

We present in this paper a road detection method based on the cooperation between a road following algorithm and a global method which consists of a whole image segmentation followed by a characterization of regions (using shape and texture criteria). One will find there an overview of the approach, a description of the used techniques and then a presentation of the mean we use to make both methods cooperate. Both of our methods are based on quite the same road model (roads are elongated objects with parallel edges and an homogeneous texture) and both try to extract the same kind of roads: the interest of the approach is more to improve the detection reliability for a great part of the network than to look for an exhaustive extraction.
Geographic variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism of North American Ratsnakes (Pantherophis spp. s.l.)

Because body size affects nearly all facets of an organism’s life history, ecologists have long been interested in large-scale patterns of body-size variation, as well as why those large-scale patterns often differ between sexes. We explored body-size variation across the range of the sexually dimorphic Ratsnake complex (species of the genus Pantherophis Fitzinger, 1843 s.l.; formerly Elaphe obsoleta (Say in James, 1823)) in North America. We specifically explored whether variation in body size followed latitudinal patterns or varied with climatic variables. We found that body size did not conform to a climatic or latitudinal gradient, but instead, some of the populations with the largest snakes occurred near the core of the geographic range and some with the smallest occurred near the northern, western, and southern peripheries of the range. Males averaged 14% larger than females, although the degree of sexual size dimorphism varied between populations (range: 2%–25%). There was a weak trend for male body size to change in relation to temperature, whereas female body size did not. Our results indicate that relationships between climate and an ectotherm’s body size are more complicated than linear latitudinal clines and likely differ for males and females.
Pornographic images filtering model based on high-level semantic bag-of-visual-words

Current pornographic images filtering algorithms have some shortcomings,such as high false positive rate toward the bikinis images and insufficiency when filtering pornographic images with pornographic actions.The paper proposed a new pornographic image filtering model based on High-level Semantic Bag-of-Visual-Words(BoVW). Firstly,local feature points in sex scene were detected using the Speeded-Up Robust Features(SURF) algorithm and then high-level semantic dictionary was constructed by fusing the context of the visual vocabularies and spatial-related high-level semantic features of pornographic images.The experimental results show that the model has an accuracy up to 87.6% when testing the multi-person pornographic images,which is significantly higher than the existing pornographic images filtering algorithm based on BoVW.
Hand Gesture Recognition System Based on a Geometric Model and Rule Based Classifier

As a part of natural interfaces the sign language recognition (SLR) is considered an important area of research.Such systems are considered useful tools for assisting the deaf. For example, one of the applications of sign language recognition is transcribing notes and saving sign language pres entations into digital format. Hand gesture recognition systems can alsobe used to control useful machines, computers, screen
Differential Effects of the Targeted Reading Intervention for Students With Low Phonological Awareness and/or Vocabulary

Students most at risk for reading-related disabilities frequently struggle with word recognition and oral language, including, in the earliest grades, specific skills related to phonological awareness and vocabulary. Classroom teachers’ delivery of high-quality differentiated supplemental instruction may promote reading acquisition for these students. The current study examined whether the Targeted Reading Intervention, a webcam-coaching literacy professional development program for kindergarten and first grade classroom teachers, was more effective in producing reading gains for students who had the lowest scores on fall measures of phonological awareness and/or vocabulary as compared with students with higher scores. Findings revealed that students who participated in the Targeted Reading Intervention and who scored lowest on the fall vocabulary measure had the highest scores on spring decoding measures.
VAT lottery incentives: An opportunity for South Africa?

Some countries have introduced receipt-based tax lotteries (value-added tax (VAT) lotteries) in recent years in an effort to improve tax compliance. This acknowledges that the traditional method of tax compliance enforcement through audits, fines and penalties alone may no longer be optimal. The idea of a VAT lottery is to incentivise consumers to ask for a receipt when paying for goods or services, which serves as a lottery ticket that gives the consumer an opportunity to win a prize. The decline in tax compliance globally poses a threat to revenue collection and, ultimately, to governments’ ability to meet their spending commitments. Other countries, but particularly South Africa, may benefit from implementing a VAT lottery to assist in improved VAT collection. This study aims to analyse VAT lotteries that have been implemented across the world – particularly in the European Union (EU) member countries – through a systematised review in order to determine whether such a lottery could improve taxpayer compliance in South Africa. Of the six EU member countries analysed in detail, four showed a decrease in the VAT gap in the years following the VAT lottery implementation. VAT gap data post-implementation was not available for two of the countries. Positive results include an increase in the number of vendors reported for refusing to issue invoices, a reduction in the number of non-validated receipts, and increased VAT collection. The finance ministers of two countries, and the Ministry of Finance of another, publicly declared the VAT lotteries successful.
Islamist parties and social movements: cases of Egypt and Tunisia

Purpose This paper aims to shed light on the previous ideological stands of the newly established Islamist parties in terms of the idea of party formation, and different models of their relations with the social movements from which they emanated through focusing on some case studies, namely, Egypt and Tunisia, with an attempt to study their impact on the parties’ paths by concentrating on two dimensions: the decision-making process and alliances’ building. Design/methodology/approach The paper is written according to the comparative case studies approach and Huntington’s new institutionalism. Findings The research findings proved that, in the light of the two case studies, there are two different models of relations exist between the Islamist political parties and the social movements they emanated from, and despite that both parties had come out from social movements or took the form of a movement in their beginnings and were established within the same context, they showed different perspectives in dealing later on with the new institutional and political context and their rising challenges. These perspectives affected the parties’ decision-making process and alliances’ building, as well as their institutional legitimacy and determined their political future. Originality/value In the end, this paper attempts to deal with the degree of institutionalization these parties enjoyed, based on how the movements they emanated from had dealt with the dilemma of party building and the party-movement relations.
Mitigating Android Application SSL Vulnerabilities using Configuration Policies.

TENDULKAR, VASANT SUDHAKAR. Mitigating Android Application SSL Vulnerabilities using Configuration Policies. (Under the direction of Dr. William Enck.) Android apps are becoming more and more personalizable, dealing with a user’s personally identifiable information. Such apps have a responsibility to protect this sensitive information that they send over the Internet. Recent research has showed that many applications are not protecting this information in transit. This work shows that developers are not implementing SSL correctly, thus leaving applications vulnerable to Man-In-The-Middle attack. This work identifies multiple reasons why developers use SSL incorrectly. We present an analysis of 240 open source and 13,000 popular free Android applications downloaded from the official Google Play Store. We show that a majority of SSL vulnerabilities in Android applications arise from incorrect implementation of SSL Pinning and residual active debug code in the deployed version of the application. We present solutions based on specification of SSL verification policy in the Android Manifest file. Our results show that using such configuration based solutions is a effective approach to mitigate SSL vulnerabilities in Android applications. © Copyright 2013 by Vasant Sudhakar Tendulkar
Simulation of deformation and fracture processes in nanocomposites

The paper studies the processes of deformation and fracture in nanocomposites. The study was curry out by the method of mathematical modeling. The behavior of the nanosystem was described by the molecular dynamics apparatus. A modified immersed atom method was used as a potential. Demonstrated theoretical approaches to the study of the mechanical properties of nanocosposites and the processes of their destruction. Formulas for calculating the stress, strain tensors and displacement veare given. To maintain a constant temperature in the nanosystem, a Nose – Hoover thermostat was used. The destruction of nanocomposites was considered in the process of tension and shear deformation. Pure aluminum, a composite with an aluminum matrix and a filler in the form of spherical iron particles, and a composite with an aluminum matrix and a filler in the form of a cylindrical iron fiber were used as samples. After the filler was introduced into the nanocomposite, the sample was relaxed to ensure its more stable state. The simulation allowed us to establish the basic laws of changes in the atomic structure of the matrix and nanocomposite fillers during deformation and fracture. It is shown that the processes of deformation and destruction of nanocomposites substantially depend both on the structure and types of loading of the material. The results of the research can be used to study the processes of deformation of nanocomposite materials with promising functional properties.
Design and implementation of user analysis function of microblog marketing system

To build an online marketing system that was based on microblog open platform and provide marketing specialists with more comprehensive and accurate information,users' status and relative information was acquired through open platform API.The authors focused on how to merge user data from several different open platforms and to form one unified user data model,finally achieved the amalgamation of user data from different platforms.The experimental results show that this function can reflect the user's information more comprehensively and accurately.
Searching for the Self: Adult International Adoptees’ Narratives of Their Search for and Reunion With Their Birth Families

Abstract In this case study, five international adoptees from Finland were interviewed about their search and reunion experiences to find out what meanings they ascribed to their identities and family relations. The thematic analysis yielded three themes: search and reunion in significant periods of life, meaning of reunion for identity, and belonging and relatedness within family. The first theme was characterized by the changing interest in birth family from the inability in childhood to fully understand the meaning of adoption and the growing interest in adolescence to adulthood where participants’ own parenthood intensified their interest. The second theme was characterized by the sense of coherence and sense of continuity that the adoptees, despite the conflicting emotions of reunion, felt they had achieved through reunion. In the third theme, reunion with their birth family appeared significant, even though belonging to a family was interpreted more as an outcome of attachment and nurture than biology. Particular for all themes was the meaning of communicating about adoption-related issues for the adoptee–adoptive parent relationship. Future research is needed to concentrate in more detail on the broad themes and to investigate how the meanings of the birth family for adoptive identity change over life courses.
Formal Methods In Computer Aided Design

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Branch-combined PLSA for Topic Extraction

With the developing of the Internet technology, the information on the network is expanding at the speed of geometric progression. Facing such vast network information, quickly extracting the important information becomes the urgent needs. The subject extraction model is a good solution to the problem. In this paper, a new model based on Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) is proposed which is called Branch-combined PLSA (BPLSA). BPLSA divides training data into two subsets, and trains subsets separately first, then the global training is implemented. At the same time, Message Passing Interface (MPI) is used for parallel computing to speed up the proposed method. Through the parallelization of the BPLSA, the efficiency is improved greatly.
Effective medium approximation for conductivity of coated-inclusion composites with anisotropic coating

Effective medium approximations are constructed in this paper to estimate the macroscopic conductivity of coated-inclusion composites with thin anisotropic coating. The two-phase coated-inclusion are substituted by equivalent one-phase inclusion, using the multi-coated spheres assemblage and the differential substitution approaches. Then, the usual effective medium approximation schemes are applied to the equivalent medium to estimate the conductivity of original three-phase composites. The results obtained were compared with the numerical simulation by finite element method in 2D show the effectiveness of the methods.