Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pig handling and transportation strategies utilized under U.S. commerical conditions.

The percentage of dead and non-ambulatory pigs at the packing plant averaged across 23 U.S. commercial field trials were 0.25% for dead and 0.44% for non-ambulatory pigs, and these losses have been estimated to cost the U.S. swine industry approximately $46 million annually. There are two types of non-ambulatory pigs observed under U.S. commercial conditions: fatigued (non-ambulatory, non-injured) and injured. The vast majority of non-ambulatory pigs are classified as fatigued. Fatigued pigs display signs of acute stress (open-mouth breathing, skin discoloration, and/or muscle tremors) and are in a metabolic state of acidosis characterized by low blood pH and high blood lactate values. Transport losses (dead and non-ambulatory pigs) at the packing plant are a multi-factorial problem consisting of people, pig, facility design, transportation, packing plant, and environmental factors. Although few studies have been conducted to determine the causes of dead and non-ambulatory pigs, it is well established that transport losses are increased by the HAL-1843 mutation, aggressive handling with electric prods, crowding pigs during transport, and extreme weather conditions. Management strategies to reduce transport losses under U.S. commercial conditions include better preparing pigs for transport, improving facility designs, minimizing stress during handling, and optimizing transport conditions.
Performance Characterization, Development, and Application of Artificial Potential Function Guidance Methods

Abstract : The primary objective was to examine artificial potential function (APF) guidance performance when applied to systems with limited control authority in a dynamic environment and develop a hybrid guidance to improve algorithm convergence and computational cost. Performance with respect to both computation time and cost was improved by hybridizing the APF approach with receding horizon planning. Results showed that for the hybrid algorithm, computation time was improved from the optimal control solution while improving the convergence and cost from the APF solution. While the hybrid method greatly improved performance for a saturated system in dynamic environment, this was limited to a fully actuated system. When applied with indirect control, performance was improved, but did not converge. Based on this initial data, the hybrid approach shows promise in regard to implementation within a real-time guidance scheme, however, there is still work to be done before it will be fully effective. The secondary objective was to determine what classes of problems are well-suited to APFs or APFhybrids. The data suggests that APFs and the hybrid algorithm proposed are best applied to fully actuated systems. Additionally, if external dynamics or substantial saturation exist, APF guidance performs better when supplemented with an alternative method.
An International Survey of Electric Storage Tank Water Heater Efficiency and Standards

Water heating is a main consumer of energy in households, especially in temperate and cold climates. In South Africa, where hot water is typically provided by electric resistance storage tank water heaters (geysers), water heating energy consumption exceeds cooking, refrigeration, and lighting to be the most consumptive single electric appliance in the home. A recent analysis for the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) performed by the authors estimated that standing losses from electric geysers contributed over 1,000 kWh to the annual electricity bill for South African households that used them. In order to reduce this burden, the South African government is currently pursuing a programme of Energy Efficiency Standards and Labelling (EES&L) for electric appliances, including geysers. In addition, Eskom has a history of promoting heat pump water heaters (HPWH) through incentive programs, which can further reduce energy consumption. This paper provides asurvey of international electric storage water heater test procedures and efficiency metrics which can serve as a reference for comparison with proposed geyser standards and ratings in South Africa. Additionally it provides a sample of efficiency technologies employed to improve the efficiency of electric storage water heaters, and outlines programs to promote adoption of improved efficiency. Finally, it surveys current programs used to promote HPWH and considers the potential for this technology to address peak demand more effectively than reduction of standby losses alone
Application of direct computing of one-way coupling technique in seismic analysis of concrete gravity dam

Abstract A dam-reservoir system subjected to an earthquake is a nonlinear system, because the fluid equations are always nonlinear regardless of the linear or nonlinear model used for the dam body. Therefore, transient analysis is necessary. In this study, dam-reservoir interaction during earthquake excitation was modeled by utilizing coupled finite element equations based on the Eulerian approach. Direct computing of the one-way coupling technique was used to solve the coupled equations. This technique is based on a simple assumption that the fluid hydrodynamic pressure is applied to the dam body while the deformation of the dam has no influence on the water field. Seismic response analysis of the Sonla concrete gravity dam constructed in Sonla Province, Vietnam was carried out as a verification example. The results of the methodology introduced are in close agreement with results of the iterative method and the solution procedure is found to be less time-consuming than that of the iterative method. This method is very convenient and can be easily implemented in finite element programs with fluid-structure interaction modules.
A wideband and directive metasurface FPC antenna with toroidal metal structure loading

Abstract In this paper, a novel metasurface-based Fabry−Perot cavity antenna loaded with toroidal metal structures is presented. The antenna is compact, wideband, and has high directivity and a high front-to-back ratio. The idea of the antenna is based on loading a microstrip narrow band patch antenna resonating at 4.5 GHz by a single layer metasurface superstrate and with a toroidal metal structure. The metasurface superstrate comprises a periodic array of square patch cells. Compared to conventional microstrip antenna, the front to back lobe ratio is increased from 7 to 20 dB and the directivity is increased by 7 dB. Also, the antenna impedance bandwidth is 34% which is increased four times. This is the first-ever antenna with enhanced bandwidth and directivity using a single layer of metasurface and that too made up of periodic cell array and has application as an energy harvester.
Regulation and operation

Volume 1: Regulation and Operation Part 1:Development of Stability Standards Historical development and basic stability concepts, Development and present status of stability standards, Standards based on the consideration of heeling moments, Statistical methods of developing stability standards, Probabilistic approach to the development of stability standards, Model tests of capsizing, Stability regulations - future outlook. Part 2: Operational Aspects of Stability and Safety Operational stability - hydrostatics and hydrodynamics, Sea environment, Roll excitation and influence of speed and heading, Resonance and large roll motion, Forces due to roll motion, Measurement and accuracy of stability status, Safety management and operational requirements.
Development of Metrics to Evaluate Effectiveness of Emergency Response Operations

Abstract : The overall effectiveness of an emergency response to a large scale disaster is a difficult entity to measure. Every disaster is different and every response is different. In fact, similar events leave totally different results in their aftermath. For example a category two hurricane might inflict much more damage than a category four, depending on the location of impact. Additionally, the emergency response to a flood in rural Mississippi will be totally different than the emergency response to a flood in New Orleans, LA. To effectively measure the overall response to any of these events, proper metrics must be used and interpreted appropriately. This paper will focus primarily on a macro-scale evaluation of the initial assessment and assistance given directly following a natural or manmade disaster. The long term effects and rebuilding of an affected area will not be considered. Furthermore this paper will be constrained to looking at a high level view of assessment rather than at specific methods used to achieve selected goals.
Autonomous Mosquito Habitat Detection Using Satellite Imagery and Convolutional Neural Networks for Disease Risk Mapping

Mosquitoes are known vectors for disease transmission that cause over one million deaths globally each year. The majority of natural mosquito habitats are areas containing standing water such as ponds, lakes, and marshes. These habitats are challenging to detect using conventional ground-based technology on a macro scale. Contemporary approaches, such as drones, UAVs, and other aerial imaging technology are costly when implemented. Multispectral imaging technology such as Lidar is most accurate on a finer spatial scale whereas the proposed convolutional neural network(CNN) approach can be applied for disease risk mapping and further guide preventative efforts on a more global scale. By assessing the performance of autonomous mosquito habitat detection technology, the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases can be prevented in a costeffective manner. This approach aims to identify the spatiotemporal distribution of mosquito habitats in extensive areas that are difficult to survey using groundbased technology by employing computer vision on satellite imagery for proof of concept. The research presents an evaluation and the results of 3 different CNN models to determine their accuracy of predicting largescale mosquito habitats. For this approach, a dataset was constructed utilizing Google Earth satellite imagery containing a variety of geographical features in residential neighborhoods as well as cities across the world. Larger land cover variables such as ponds/lakes, inlets, and rivers were utilized to classify mosquito habitats while minute sites such as puddles, footprints, and additional human-produced mosquito habitats were omitted for higher accuracy on a larger scale. Using the dataset, multiple CNN networks were trained and evaluated for accuracy of habitat prediction. Utilizing a CNN-based approach on readily available satellite imagery is cost-effective and scalable, unlike most aerial imaging technology. Testing revealed that YOLOv4 obtained greater accuracy in mosquito habitat detection than YOLOR or YOLOv5 for identifying large-scale mosquito habitats. YOLOv4 is found to be a viable method for global mosquito habitat detection and surveillance. Index Terms — Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Mosquito Habitat Detection, Mosquito Vector Spread, Remote Sensing, Satellite Imagery
How to scaffold the students to design experimental procedures? A proposition of a situation experienced by 108 high-schools students.

This paper presents a proposition to improve the construction of concepts when doing experimental activities, and, in fact, to improve the construction of sense in experimental activities. This research involved 108, 17-18 year old students designing an experimental procedure for palaeontology learning. We first developed an analyse of the expert procedure and second, we realised a teaching sequence in which students were led to design an experimental procedure to measure the facial angle of a cranium. The purpose of this study is to address the following questions: (a) How do students write their experimental procedures in comparison with the expert procedure? (b) What sort of difficulties do they encounter? (c) What kind of scaffolding can we propose to guide them for writing their experimental procedure? Data sources of the study included students’ written documents, audiotapes and videotapes. This paper aims at describing the research design and at giving some preliminary results of the study. 1) Background, Aims and Framework,
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Akademis Dan Keuangan Di MAN 2 Pati

ABSTRAK: Sistem Informasi Administrasi merupakan Suatu sistem informasi yang akan merancang untuk merubah data transaksi bisnis menjadi informasi yang bermanfaat dan bertujuan untuk membantu pengambilan keputusan. Dan Sistem Informasi dapat melakukan pengolah data secara cepat, tepat, akurat dan efisien. MAN 2 Pati merupakan sebuah lembaga pendidikan yang tidak ketinggalan akan teknologi informasi. Namun pelayanan Informasi Akademis dan Keuangan siswa masih menggunakan cara manual, sehingga kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan administrasi itu masih lambat bahkan masih antri untuk melakukan pembayaran. Dan informasi yang dihasilkan terkadang masih mengalami kekeliruan dan keterlambatan pelaporan. di MAN 2 Pati juga masih melakukan pelayanan Informasi Akademis dan Keuangan secara manual dan pengolahannya masih rumit bahkan tidak praktis. Untuk mengoptimalkan kebutuhan Sistem Informasi Pembayaran Akademis dan Keuangan baru yang menghasilkan informasi lebih bermanfaat dan tepat dibandingkan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi lama yang masih manual. Dengan membuat Sistem Informasi Akademis dan Keuangan pada MAN 2 Pati kemudian diharapkan akan menghasilkan informasi yang diperlukan lebih tepat waktu, cepat, akurat dan efisien. Aplikasi ini berbasis Visual basic 6.0 dengan tujuan dari aplikasi ini adalah untuk menghemat waktu dan informasi yang dihasilkan lebih tepat, dan juga ketepatan dalam pelaporan. Kata kunci, Aplikasi Visual Basic, Komputer Abstract : Administration Information System An information system is to be designed to change the business transaction data into useful information and aims to aid decision making. And Information Systems can perform data processing in a rapid, precise, accurate and efficient. MAN 2 Pati is an educational institution that is not going to miss information technology. However Academic Information Services and Finance students still use the manual way, so the activities associated with the administration was still slow even still lining up to make a payment. And the resulting information, and sometimes still experiencing delays in reporting errors. in MAN 2 Pati is still doing service Academic and Financial Information manual processing is still complicated and not even practical. To optimize the needs of Academic Information Systems and Finance Payments yield new information more useful and accurate than the old accounting information systems are still manual. By making the Academic Information Systems and Finance at MAN 2 Pati then expected to produce the required information more timely, fast, accurate and efficient. This application is based on Visual Basic 6.0, the purpose of this application is to save time and produced more precise information, as well as accuracy in reporting. Keywords: Application Visual basic, Computer
Commutative diagram of the Gross-Pitaevskii approximation.

It is well-known that the {\it Gross-Pitaevskii} variational formula describes the the ground state energy of of $N$-indistinguishable trapped particles (bosons) in a dilute state in the large system size $N\to\infty$. The goal of the present article is to prove that the Gross-Pitaevskii formula also appears in the {\it iterative limit} of zero temperature and large system size of the {\it product ground state energy} of the $N$-particle Hamiltonian operator.
Real-time Traffic Monitoring and Automated Response with Wireless Sensor Networks

Transportation authorities have long relied on human operators to continuously monitor a large number of video cameras installed along major highways, to enhance road safety and minimize the impacts of abrupt traffic conditions,. As abnormal conditions are detected, the operators must resolve them by dispatching human response teams, rerouting upcoming traffic, and re-timing traffic signals. These tasks exert enormous stress and responsibilities on the operators and are prone to reliability concerns. In this paper, we propose a real-time traffic monitoring and automated response methodology utilizing wireless sensor networks. By deploying a network of wirelessly communicating traffic sensors and controllers, the network monitors traffic in a distributed yet collaborative fashion in reporting and resolving detected events. To effectively plan, deploy, and operate such a network in a selected traffic management area, the paper presents hierarchical wireless sensor network architecture and outlines design procedures for optimal sensor and controller placement, network communication methods for real-time operations, and measures for performance evaluation.
Advanced Crash Avoidance Technologies (ACAT) Program - Final Report of the Volvo-Ford-UMTRI Project: Safety Impact Methodology for Lane Departure Warning - Method Development and Estimation of Benefits

The Volvo‐Ford‐UMTRI project: Safety Impact Methodology (SIM) for Lane Departure Warning is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Advanced Crash Avoidance Technologies (ACAT) program. The project developed a basic analytical framework for estimating safety benefits in the form of computed reductions in US crash numbers assuming the vehicle fleet was fully equipped with Volvo Lane Departure Warning (LDW) systems. Attention was limited to crashes initiated by the lane departure of a light passenger vehicle. The SIM uses computer models, Monte‐Carlo methods and extensive batch simulations to fuse together diverse data sources into a Virtual Crash Population. The simulation model incorporates sub‐models for the driver, vehicle, environment and technology (DVET model). The simulated population of virtual crashes makes use of historical crash data (NASS GES and Michigan Crash File), naturalistic driving data, objective test data from test track and driving simulator experiments, as well as highway data to populate the environmental sub‐model. The vehicle model was based on a representative mid‐sized sedan, and test data was used to estimate initial conditions, parameters and parameter ranges in the various sub‐models. The driver component of the DVET model includes sensing, information processing and control action modules, and represents the stochastic effects of distraction and delayed driver reaction to a lane departure event. Batch simulations were run in cases where the LDW technology model is active or suppressed. Taken together with estimates of system availability and driver responsiveness, an estimate for the range of safety benefits was developed. The SIM provides detailed indications of how the DVET components are expected to interact in the field, and hence the results provide safety‐related information that goes beyond the numerical benefit estimates, considered preliminary in this first analysis. This project was led by the Ford Motor Company.
Genetic Stability in Melon Transformation System: Assessment by Flow Cytometry and ISSR Markers

Genetic instability in melon species sometimes occurs as a result of in vitro tissue culture and transformation systems. This study describes a new regeneration technique for agrobacterium-mediated co-culture of muskmelon explants (Cucumis melo L. c.v. ‘Khatooni’). Here, no genetic instability was observed in positive PCR regenerants. 4-day-old cotyledonary explants had been infected with LBA4404 Agrobacterium suspensions. The co-cultivation occurred in the presence of 100mg/l rifampicin and 50mg/l kanamycin. The bacteria contained a binary vector pBI121 carrying nopaline synthase by the promoter-neomycin phosphotransferase gene. The regeneration succeeded 65% in selective MS medium containing N6-benzylaminopurine (600 µg/l), β-naphthoxyacetic acid (25 µg/l) and 50mg/l kanamycin in inoculated 4-day-old cotyledonary explants. According to the polymerase chain reaction analysis of neomycin phosphotransferase II gene, transformation was merely successful (8.4%), indicating a substantial miss on a large number of regenerated plants in the selective medium, as a consequence of PGR and antibiotic imbalances. Inter Single Sequence Repeat markers and flow cytometry analyses were used for evaluating the genetic stability and ploidy level of transplants, respectively. The integrated approach underlined that Agrobacterium inoculation and plant growth regulators were successfully combined in vitro to enable muskmelon transformation.
A network approach for the prediction of flow and flow splits within a gas turbine combustor

ii Uittreksel iv Acknowledgements vi CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1 1.1 The problem under consideration 2 1.2 Review of related literature 3 1.2.1 Empirical and Analytical models 3 1.2.2 Detailed multi-dimensional CFD analysis 8 1.2. 3 One-dimensional CFD techniques 10 1.2.4 Gas network approaches 11 1.3 The need for this study 16 1.4 Objectives 17 1.4 An outline of this study 18 CHAPTER 2: Combustor Design Principles 20 2.1 Preamble 21 2.2 Gas turbine combustor theory 22 2.4 Closure 32 vii University of Pretoria etd – Pretorius, J J (2005)
Investigating footwear biomechanics concepts in 'health and well-being' footwear

Health and well-being’ footwear positions itself in the footwear market between high street footwear and specialist therapeutic footwear. Manufacturers in this footwear category promote benefits when compared with standard footwear. However, the full exploration and validation of such proposed benefits requires scientific exploration through the application of footwear biomechanics concepts and techniques. The studies herein were undertaken to assess these biomechanical concepts in ‘health and well-being’ footwear, particularly in FitFlopTM footwear. The studies are experimental studies with repeated measures designs. A total of 128 individual participants volunteered, 28 of which were included in two publications. Variables were quantified using an in-shoe plantar pressure measurement system (with a bespoke insole), electromyography, 3D motion capture, force plates, accelerometers, a modified questionnaire and a custom-made mechanical drop-test device. The research identified that ‘health and well-being’ footwear can be manipulated to increase shock absorption, namely reducing the heel-strike transient magnitude (-19%) compared with a flip-flop. ‘Health and well-being’ footwear does induce instability at specific phases of the gait cycle, which is specific to the outsole shape of the footwear. For example the MBT shoe increased muscle activity relating to controlling sagittal plane motion. The biomechanics of gait are also altered compared to standard footwear styles, such as reducing the frontal plane motion of the foot in stance (-19%) and the magnitude (-86%) and duration (-98%) of gripping with the Hallux in swing compared with a flip-flop. The tested ‘health and well-being’ footwear was subjectively rated equally as comfortable as a control shoe with increased regional pressures in the midfoot (≈25%) and decreased peak pressures in the heel (-22%). Therefore ‘health and well-being’ footwear may influence the biomechanics of wearers however further exploration of meaningful differences and individual population differences is required. The studies emphasise the importance and relevance of testing walking, as well as running, footwear to the wider footwear biomechanics field and demonstrate how this may be integrated into research and development processes within a footwear company.
Fault-tolerant Flight Control and Guidance Systems: Practical Methods for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Review. - Nonlinear Aircraft Model. - Nonlinear Fault Detection and Isolation System. - Control Allocation. - Nonlinear Control Design. - Autopilot for the Longitudinal Motion. - Autopilot for the Lateral Motion. - Reconfigurable Guidance System. - Evaluation of the Reduction in the Performance of a UAV. - Conclusions and Outlook.