Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEAK-PERIOD CONTROL OF A FREEWAY SYSTEM : SOME THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS

This document presents a theoretical study of freeway traffic control. The first part of the study is the determination of the criterion function by which the performance of the control system can be evaluated. This also includes a discussion of the macroscopic behavior of traffic at a bottleneck and a different points above and below the bottleneck. The type of traffic sensor or detector that would be required for freeway control is then discussed. A review and evaluation of possible freeway control and information dissemination techniques are presented. Finally, a linear programming model of the operation of a one-directional freeway subsystem is developed.
FINAL FIELD TRIALS WITH THE SOS ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMISING SIGNAL CONTROL AT ISOLATED INTERSECTIONS

A new traffic signal control algorithm (called SOS) for isolated intersections has been specified, implemented, simulated and finally tested in a field trial at one intersection. SOS combines Scandinavian traditions of signal group control and traffic safety with optimising control. The original focus on delay has been shifted during the project towards traffic safety. The new SOS algorithm performed well in the field trials compared with a fine tuned Lhovra control. The number of vehicles exposed to the risk of a rear end collision amongst vehicles on high speed approaches were reduced dramatically (up to 70%). The delay was about the same as with Lhovra control. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.
Training for Climbing: The Definitive Guide to Improving Your Performance

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Performance of an interseasonal heat transfer facility for collection, storage, and re-use of solar heat from the road surface

The use of interseasonal heat transfer systems incorporating solar energycollectors in the road and shallow insulated heat stores in the ground iscurrently innovative and at the forefront of technology. A major instrumented trial of the technique was undertaken on an access road near Toddington which involved constructing two solar heat collectors (pipe arrays each5m wide by 30m long installed at 120mm depth below the road surface) and two insulated heat stores of similar dimensions but at 875mm depth. One store was beneath the road and the other beneath the verge to simulate new construction and retrofit installations respectively. The solar heat recovered from the road surface was used to investigate the winter maintenance of the road surface and the heating of nearby buildings. The cooling of a building in the summer was also separately simulated. This report describesthe design, construction, operation and performance of the instrumented test facility to recover heat from the road surface. The performance was monitored over a two year period which gave the opportunity for full seasonal assessments of the recovery of solar heat from the road surface, its re-use for ice-free winter maintenance of the road surface, and protocols simulating the winter heating and summer cooling of a nearby building. Numerical modelling and whole life costing of the recovery of heat for winter maintenance of a highway was included in the study. (A)
The security development lifecycle : SDL, a process for developing demonstrably more secure software

Part 1: The Need for the SDL Enough is Enough: The Threats Have Changed Current Software Development Methods Fail to Produce Secure Software A Short History of the SDL at Microsoft SDL for Management Part 2: The Security Development Lifecycle Process Stage 0: Education and Awareness Stage 1: Project Inception Stage 2: Define and Follow Design Best Practices Stage 3: Product Risk Assessment Stage 4: Risk Analysis Stage 5: Creating Security Documents, Tools, and Best Practices for Customers Stage 6: Secure Coding Policies Stage 7: Secure Testing Policies Stage 8: The Security Push Stage 9: The Final Security Review Stage 10: The Security Response Planning Stage 11: Product Release Stage 12: Security Response Execution Part 3: SDL Reference Material Integrating SDL with Agile Methods SDL Banned Function Calls SDL Minimum Cryptographic Standards SDL-Required Tools and Compiler options Threat Tree Patterns
Railroad Surface Defect Segmentation Using a Modified Fully Convolutional Network

This research aims to develop a deep learning-based method that automatically detects and segments the defects on railroad surfaces to reduce the cost of visual inspection of the railroad. We developed our segmentation model by modifying a fully convolutional network model [1], a well-known segmentation model used for machine learning, to detect and segment railroad surface defects. The data used in this research are images of the railroad surface with one or more defect regions. Railroad images were cropped to a suitable size, considering the long height and relatively narrow width of the images. They were also normalized based on the variance and mean of the data images. Using these images, the suggested model was trained to segment the defect regions. The proposed method showed promising results in the segmentation of defects. We consider that the proposed method can facilitate decision-making about railroad maintenance, and potentially be applied for other analyses.
Thoughtless Acts?: Observations on Intuitive Design

From IDEO, the global innovation and design firm responsible for such landmark products as Apple's first computer mouse, comes a primer in the observation method that keeps their practice human-centered and ever ingenious. People unconsciously perform ultraordinary actions every day, from throwing a jacket over a chair back to claim the seat, or placing something in the teeth when all hands are full. These "thoughtless acts" reveal the subtle but crucial ways people behave in a world not always perfectly tailored to their needs. "Thoughtless Acts? " is a collection of dozens of (often humorous) snapshots capturing such fleeting adaptations and minor exploitations. This method of observation demonstrates the kind of common-sense approach that can inspire designers and anyone involved in creative endeavors. "Thoughtless Acts? " is a privileged peek at how IDEO creates the people-friendly products, services, and spaces for which they are so widely recognized.
Characterization of Garden Cress Mucilage and its Prophylactic Effect Against Indomethacin-Induced Enter-Colitis in Rats

The utilization of industrial waste such as oil industry waste in the production of natural nutraceuticals is a very beneficial issue. So, the current study was established to assess the characteristics of the mucilage extracted from garden cress seeds meal and evaluate its efficacy in the protection against enter-colitis. A defatted powder meal of garden cress seeds was dissolved in distilled water to extract the mucilage either by heating at 80°C or by ultrasonication. Functional and chemical characteristics of the two types of mucilage were assessed. Rats received oral administration of the mucilage extracted by ultrasonication, which afforded the most promising antioxidant activity, for two weeks before and during the 7 days of oral administration by indomethacin (6 mg/kg/day). Compared with the rats injected with indomethacin without the pre-treatment with the mucilage, rats administrated with the mucilage showed a decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), intestinal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Also, rats administered with the mucilage recorded lower intestinal malodealdehyde (MDA) and higher intestinal reduced glutathione (GSH) compared to those of rats injected with indomethacin without the pre-treatment with the mucilage. It can be concluded that the mucilage extracted from garden cress seeds meal can be considered as a natural nutraceutical with potent antioxidant activity exhibiting protective effect against enter-colitis.
Multimodal Affective States Recognition Based on Multiscale CNNs and Biologically Inspired Decision Fusion Model

There has been an encouraging progress in the affective states recognition models based on the single-modality signals as electroencephalogram (EEG) signals or peripheral physiological signals in recent years. However, multimodal physiological signals-based affective states recognition methods have not been thoroughly exploited yet. Here we propose Multiscale Convolutional Neural Networks (Multiscale CNNs) and a biologically inspired decision fusion model for multimodal affective states recognition. First, the raw signals are pre-processed with baseline signals. Then, the High Scale CNN and Low Scale CNN in Multiscale CNNs are utilized to predict the probability of affective states output for EEG and each peripheral physiological signal respectively. Finally, the fusion model calculates the reliability of each single-modality signals by the euclidean distance between various class labels and the classification probability from Multiscale CNNs, and the decision is made by the more reliable modality information while other modalities information is retained. We use this model to classify four affective states from the arousal valence plane in the DEAP and AMIGOS dataset. The results show that the fusion model improves the accuracy of affective states recognition significantly compared with the result on single-modality signals, and the recognition accuracy of the fusion result achieve 98.52 and 99.89 percent in the DEAP and AMIGOS dataset respectively.
Development of Prediction Models for Joint Faulting using Long-Term Pavement Performance Database

The main objective of this study is to develop improved faulting prediction models for jointed concrete pavements using the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database. The retrieval, preparation, and cleaning of the database were carefully handled in a systematic and automatic approach. The prediction accuracy of the existing prediction models implemented in the recommended Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (NCHRP Project 1-37A) was found to be inadequate. Exploratory data analysis of the response variables indicated that the normality assumption with random errors and constant variance using conventional regression techniques might not be appropriate for prediction modeling. Therefore, without assuming the error distribution of the response variable, several modern regression techniques including generalized linear model (GLM) and generalized additive model (GAM) along with quasi-likelihood estimation method and Poisson distribution were adopted in the subsequent analysis. Box-Cox power transformation and visual graphical techniques were frequently adopted during the prediction modeling process. By keeping only those parameters with significant effects and reasonable physical interpretations in the model, various tentative performance prediction models were developed. The resulting mechanistic-empirical model included several variables such as pavement age, yearly ESALs, bearing stress, annual precipitation, base type, subgrade type, annual temperature range, joint spacing, modulus of subgrade reaction, and freeze-thaw cycle for the prediction of joint faulting. The goodness of fit was further examined through the significant testing and various sensitivity analyses of pertinent explanatory parameters. The tentatively proposed predictive models appeared to reasonably agree with the pavement performance data although their further enhancements are possible and recommended.
Study of a Low-cost Heart rate Remote monitoring system using the Arduino platform

Currently, remote monitoring systems have evolvedto respond to the peculiar needs in the healthcare industry, suchas Cardiovascular diseases, which is an essential foundation in themodern concept of the smart city. We propose a system to monitorpatient current health conditions as a healthcare system basedon the widely spread available low-cost technologies, namely,GSM and Arduino platform. Statistics show that hypertensiveheart disease and blood pressure are risk factors for the highdeath rate. To decrease it, preventive measures should be appliedproviding a health monitoring system to save the patient life atan acceptable time. The objective of this paper is to developa prototype of a low-cost system, that is capable of performingremote monitoring of a patient’s heart rate and body temperaturein real-time and stores the data on the memory card using low-cost hardware such as Arduino, and also, using the servicesprovided by the GSM network, to enable communication witha health specialists cell phone upon request or if there areanomalies in the values measured by the sensors. The studyfocuses on heartbeat rate using the Difference Operation Method(DOM), described by Yeh & Wang, and body temperature, thus,in case of emergency, a short call is done, and then an SMS issent to the health specialist’s mobile containing measured values.Using this algorithm and after some tests using data from theMIT BIH Database distribution, we manage to find the bestsample frequency and eliminate the distortion of the signal. sample frequency and eliminate the distortion of the signal.
BUILDING THE STATE OF THE ART

Many aspects of the project to construct the new Highway 407 at Toronto, Canada will influence future road construction and management. This gigantic project was financed in a forward thinking, constructive way, used the most advanced and productive construction techniques, and applied new technologies which elsewhere exist mainly in laboratories. The 36km first stage, of what will eventually be a 155km long highway, was built at a cost of C$1.2 billion (about US$900M). It includes 28 junctions and over 160 structures, including 127 new bridges. It used 1.5Mt of concrete, and extensive amounts of other construction materials, including crushed stone, asphalt, waterproofing, joint sealants, geotextiles, and traffic paints. The project was completed in four and a half years, about 20% of the time normally required for a job of this size. The Canadian Government created the Ontario Transportation Capital Corporation (OTCC) to exploit new public/private financing possibilities. OTCC signed the contract with Canadian Highways International Corporation (CHIC), a consortium of design and construction firms, to develop, design, build, operate, and maintain Highway 407. The highway was built with 'high tech' concrete, but the whole pavement structure was important, because the roadway passes over several soft soils.
Artisans and cooperatives : developing alternative trade for the global economy

With new markets opening up for goods produced by artisans from all parts of the world, craft commercialization and craft industries have become key components of local economies. Now with the emergence of the Fair Trade movement and public opposition to sweatshop labor, many people are demanding that artisans in third world countries not be exploited for their labor. Bringing together case studies from the Americas and Asia, this timely collection of articles addresses the interplay among subsistence activities, craft production, and the global market. It contributes to current debates on economic inequality by offering practical examples of the political, economic, and cultural issues surrounding artisan production as an expressive vehicle of ethnic and gender identity. Striking a balance between economic and ethnographic analyses, the contributors observe what has worked and what hasn't in a range of craft cooperatives and show how some artisans have expanded their entrepreneurial role by marketing crafts in addition to producing them. Among the topics discussed are the accommodation of craft traditions in the global market, fair trade issues, and the emerging role of the anthropologist as a proactive agent for artisan groups. As the gap between rich and poor widens, the fate of subsistence economies seems more and more uncertain. The artisans in this book show that people can and do employ innovative opportunities to develop their talents, and in the process strengthen their ethnic identities. ContentsIntroduction: Facing the Challenges of Artisan Production in the Global Market / Kimberly M. Grimes and B. Lynne MilgramDemocratizing International Production and Trade: North American Alternative Trading Organizations / Kimberly M. GrimesBuilding on Local Strengths: Nepalese Fair Trade Textiles / Rachel MacHenry"That They Be in the Middle, Lord": Women, Weaving, and Cultural Survival in Highland Chiapas, Mexico / Christine E. EberThe International Craft Market: A Double-Edged Sword for Guatemalan Maya Women / Martha LyndOf Women, Hope, and Angels: Fair Trade and Artisan Production in a Squatter Settlement in Guatemala City / Brenda RosenbaumReorganizing Textile Production for the Global Market: Women s Craft Cooperatives in Ifugao, Upland Philippines / B. Lynne MilgramTextile Production in Rural Oaxaca, Mexico, and the Complexities of the Global Market for Handmade Crafts / Jeffrey H. Cohen"Part-Time for Pin Money": The Legacy of Navajo Women s Craft Production / Kathy M CloskeyThe Hard Sell: Anthropologists as Brokers of Crafts in the Global Marketplace / Andrew CauseyPostscript: To Market, To Market / June Nash"
Cooperative Control of Distributed Multi-Agent Systems: Shamma/Cooperative Control of Distributed Multi-Agent Systems

The paradigm of multi-agent cooperative control is the challenge frontier for new control system application domains, and as a research area it has experienced a considerable increase in activity in recent years. This volume, the result of a UCLA collaborative project with Caltech, Cornell and MIT, presents cutting edge results in terms of the dimensions of cooperative control from leading researchers worldwide. This dimensional decomposition allows the reader to assess the multi-faceted landscape of cooperative control. Cooperative Control of Distributed Multi-Agent Systems is organized into four main themes, or dimensions, of cooperative control: distributed control and computation, adversarial interactions, uncertain evolution and complexity management. The military application of autonomous vehicles systems or multiple unmanned vehicles is primarily targeted; however much of the material is relevant to a broader range of multi-agent systems including cooperative robotics, distributed computing, sensor networks and data network congestion control. Cooperative Control of Distributed Multi-Agent Systems offers the reader an organized presentation of a variety of recent research advances, supporting software and experimental data on the resolution of the cooperative control problem. It will appeal to senior academics, researchers and graduate students as well as engineers working in the areas of cooperative systems, control and optimization.
Bone Quality in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and it is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Our purpose was to analyse microstructural and bone mechanics from femoral heads, markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density in T2DM patients with or without recent fragility fractures. To identify the factors that influence this risk and elucidate diabetes-induced alterations in trabecular bone microarchitecture and bone turnover markers.Methods: The studied population consisted of 28 patients, divided in 4 groups: 6 subjects with hip fracture (OP) without T2DM, 8 patients with hip fracture and T2DM (OP-T2DM), 7 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) without T2DM and 7 patients OA and with T2DM (OA-T2DM). Bone markers, bone mineral density, FRAX score, microstructural and bone material strength from femoral heads and were assessed. Results: The group with hip fracture presented lower BMD values ​​than OA (p <0.05). The OP, OP-T2DM and OA-T2DM groups showed a decrease in bone volume fraction (BV/TV); trabecular number (Tb.N); trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and increase of the structural model index (SMI) and trabecular bone pattern factor (Tb.Pf), as microstructure results and Young's modulus or elastic modulus; toughness; ultimate stress; ultimate load; extrinsic stiffness and work to failure, as biomechanical results, regarding OA patients (p <0.05). Conclusion: Our results show the negative effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on trabecular bone structure and mechanical properties. These results emphasize the importance of evaluating diabetic bones using not only bone markers and bone mass, but also bone quality parameters. Therefore, diabetes should be included as a risk factor for osteoporotic fracture in daily clinical practice and in the FRAX tool.
LibCapsule: Complete Confinement of Third-Party Libraries in Android Applications

Android application (or app) developers increasingly integrate third-party libraries to enrich the functionality of their apps. However, current permission model on Android cannot constrain the behaviors of in-app third-party libraries for allowing them to operate with the same permissions as their host app. This brings serious security and privacy concerns to users. In this article, we propose LibCapsule, a user-level solution to confine third-party libraries from potential permission abuses. Compared to previous systems, LibCapsule is able to provide complete confinement of third-party libraries in Android apps, including the static Java code, dynamically loaded code and native code of third-party libraries. We have developed a prototype of LibCapsule, and collected 204 popular third-party libraries as well as 2,021 apps to evaluate it. The evaluation results indicate that LibCapsule is capable of enforcing complete and fine-grained regulation on third-party libraries according to customized security policies with a low performance overhead. To engage the whole community, we will release the dataset of third-party libraries and apps in our evaluation.