Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical aspects for the binding mechanism of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose onto mesoporous tea waste carbon from its aqueous solutions

Abstract This study demonstrated that mesoporous tea waste carbon (MTWC) was successfully prepared from tea waste, an important agricultural waste, after only one chemical modification step, and utilized to adsorption for sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) from its aqueous solutions. The physicochemical characterizations and experiments confirmed that MTWC has very efficient potential adsorptive properties. It was observed that the adsorption of NaCMC on MTWC remarkably affected by the change in adsorptive optimized conditions. The adsorption tests resulted in extent of interaction, various parameters, and determination coefficient (R2) suggested that the adsorption was an exothermic and physical adsorption process which follow the trend Langmuir, Freundlich, Timken and Jovanovic isotherm. Experimental data of the present work were fitted and compared by regression analysis which gave high determination coefficient (R2) > 0.99. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the NaCMC adsorption was spontaneous (ΔG○˂0) and exothermic (ΔH○ ˂ 0). The dynamic adsorption study suggested that increase of adsorbent dose in column enhanced the adsorbent capacity of the bed. The desorption studies indicated that sodium hydroxide solution and water regenerated the MTWC for three cycles. The HR-XPS- spectral changes of MTWC before and after adsorption of NaCMC also confirmed the interaction between MTWC and NaCMC. These physicochemical binding aspects of NaCMC onto MTWC provideed substantial evidence to prove beyond doubt that adsorption mainly occured via hydrogen bonding followed by some electronic interactions and such alteration could play a noteworthy role in the field of food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications without damage of the environment. Graphical Abstract
Stories of the “good father”: The role of fatherhood among incarcerated men in Mexico

This study examines the role of fatherhood for incarcerated men in Mexico, based on repeated life-story interviews with twelve men. We distinguish between their descriptions of fatherhood in the past and present and how they imagine the future, and explore how fathers describe their relationship with their children. The incarcerated men idealize the past with their children or tell stories of how they have changed from being “bad” to “good” fathers. They emphasize how they are still able to protect and educate their children from prison, reflecting widespread values of fatherhood. They admit that fathering while incarcerated is difficult and hope that things will be better in the future. In line with previous research on fathers in prison, we argue that storytelling of being “good fathers” is a way of projecting “normalcy”, using one of the few gendered resources available, and is an escape from the harsh realities of prison life. Following insights from narrative criminology and desistance studies, we further argue that their stories of fatherhood can be a resource for reintegration into society. Finally, we suggest that inmates’ emphasis on involved fatherhood might reflect diffusing narratives, ideals, and norms of parenting.
Study of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Using ASI and GPS Systems

The plasma irregularities have been frequently observed in the F-region, at low latitude regions, due to the instability processes occurring in the ionosphere. The depletions in electron density, as compared to the background density, is a signature of the plasma irregularities. These irregularities are also known as the “equatorial plasma bubble” (EPB). These EPBs can measure by the total electron content (TEC) using GPS receiver and by images of the nightglow OI 630.0 nm emissions using all sky imager (ASI). The current chapter is based on the review on the signature of the EPBs in TEC and ASI. measurements. We have also discussed the importance of the study of EPBs.
The Effect of Foliar and Soil Application of Flufenacet and Prosulfocarb on Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) Control

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can be a troublesome weed that may causes high yield losses to several crops. Ryegrass resistance to the typically used acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides complicates the control. As an alternative, we evaluated and compared the effects of two soil-acting herbicides, flufenacet and prosulfocarb, on susceptible L. multiflorum. The herbicides were applied in two doses in three different methods of applications: (1) soil and foliar application (2) foliar application, and (3) soil application only. Two greenhouse experiments separated in time showed that both herbicides reduced root and foliar biomass significantly as compared to the nontreated plants. In experiment 1, both herbicides resulted in lower efficacy when they only were applied to the leaves compared to the nontreated plants. Especially the foliar effect of flufenacet was small. The highest dose of prosulfocarb (4200 g ai ha−1) reduced the fresh foliar weight by 61% in experiment 1 and by 95% in experiment 2. The lowest dose of prosulfocarb (2100 g ai ha−1) reduced the weights by 73% (experiment 1) and 98% (experiment 2), respectively. For both herbicides the soil and foliar application applied postemergence were effective in reducing growth of L. multiflorum significantly in both experiments. Foliar application showed inconsistent results, showing that soil absorption plays an important role on herbicide efficacy even when the herbicides are applied postemergence. Postemergence application of prosulfocarb and flufenacet were effective to reduce L. multiflorum growth having apparently good root and leaf absorption.
Retrieval of similar targets in synthetic aperture sonar images with deep learning

Classification is an important operation in Automatic Target Recognition in sonar images. However, when a sonar image snippet contains an object belonging to a new class that was not seen during the training phase, the classifier cannot assign the correct class to it. Meta-learning is a solution to this problem. In one form of meta-learning, the original system is trained to emit a similarity measure between a support image and a query image. Then in inference, a given query image is classified into the class of the support image that has the highest similarity with the query image. Inference in such a system can be viewed as ”inverse image search”. In this work, we consider the problem of inverse image search in the context of an target recognition operator support module for synthetic aperture sonar images. The core challenge in building a system for image retrieval based on inverse image search is to design an algorithm that can output a relevant similarity measure for two input images. In this paper, we use a convolutional neural network (CNN) for similarity computation. Our experiments show that these measures are able to capture the similarity as perceived by humans and independent of class.
Nitrate promotes the transfer of methane‐derived carbon from the methanotroph Methylobacter sp. to the methylotroph Methylotenera sp. in eutrophic lake water

Eutrophic lakes are major contributors to global aquatic methane emissions. Methanotrophy, performed by methane oxidizing bacteria, results in the production of biomass, fermentation products and/or CO2, making methane‐derived carbon available to non‐methanotrophic organisms. Methanotrophs can co‐occur with methylotrophs which are expected to consume methane‐derived carbon. However, it is unknown if this interaction requires cell‐to‐cell contact, whether physicochemical factors affect this interaction, and what role this interaction may play in ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling in lakes. Here, we performed incubations of an enrichment culture obtained from a eutrophic lake with 13C‐labeled methane, revealing the transfer of methane‐derived carbon from the methanotroph Methylobacter sp. to a methylotroph of the genus Methylotenera. These microorganisms occurred both in mixed clusters and as single cells, indicating that their interaction does not require physical cell contact. In addition, the carbon transfer between the partners is dependent on the presence of nitrate, which is potentially used by Methylotenera sp. and in turn may affect the methane oxidation rate of Methylobacter sp. This interaction, and its dependence on nitrate, may have important implications for the carbon cycle in eutrophic lakes worldwide.
Nurses' experiences of delirium and how to identify delirium—A qualitative study

Delirium is a serious, acute medical condition which places a heavy burden on the patient, his or her family and healthcare professionals. There have been only a limited number of studies to explore nurses' experiences of delirium and how delirium is identified in community care. The research questions of the study are as follows: “How do community care nurses' experience delirium? ” and “How is delirium identified? ”.
Erythema induratum of Bazin: A study of 34 cases in an endemic country

Cutaneous tuberculosis is still common in Morocco, representing 1–2% of cases of tuberculosis and 0.1–1% of skin diseases [1]. Erythema induratum of Bazin (BEI) is a nodular vasculitis but still poses a problem as to its tuberculous origin. Its management remains poorly understood [2]. The purpose of this work is to reevaluate the epidemiological and clinical profile and the therapeutic and evolutionary paraclinical understanding of this entity in the region of Fes, Morocco.
Study on the growth mechanism of dispersed monoclinic BiVO4 in hydrothermal process and its photocatalytic activity

Abstract In this paper, the monoclinic BiVO4 was successfully prepared, and the preferentially exposed (010) crystal plane was found. The growth mechanism of monoclinic BiVO4 in the hydrothermal process was also deeply analyzed. We explored the phase and structure changes of samples under different preparation conditions via XRD, FT-IR SEM and TEM in order to analyze the growth mechanism of monoclinic BiVO4 from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics. Simultaneously, we calculated the forbidden band width of samples prepared at 90 and 180 °C through UV-Vis spectra and analyzed electron hole recombination of different samples through PL spectra. Besides, in order to reveal the photocatalytic activity, photolysis experiment was performed on the samples. The results show that pure monoclinic BiVO4 with flaky structure was successfully prepared at 120 °C. The monoclinic BiVO4 preferentially grew into the flaky structure along the (010) plane, and eventually the block structure was found. Photolysis water experiment was performed on the samples. The samples prepared at 100 °C was found to have the best photocatalytic performance and an O2 production rate of 788.31 µmol/h/g. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Performance of transgenic maize genotypes against ear caterpillars in Argentina

Maize ( Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world and Argentina is a leading producer worldwide. Lepidopteran pests such as the fall army worm (Spodoptera frugiperda -J. E. Smith-) and the corn earworm (Helicoverpazea -Boddie-) cause ear damage, producing yield losses and facilitating the entry of pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus flavus. Under conditions of high temperatures and drought stress, some Aspergillus strains can produce Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is highly carcinogenic for humans and animals. The main aim of the current study was to determine the performance of PowerCore®, PowerCore® Ultra and Genuity® VT triple PRO®Bthybrid maize to corn ear caterpillar damage in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Since 1990, the agricultural land area in this province has increased due to forest clearance for agriculture. Climatic conditions in the region are favorable for aflatoxin. PowerCore® Ultra showed the highest yield and, PowerCore®registered the lowest severity of damage by corn ear caterpillar. The correlation between yield and insect damage severity was negative under the conditions evaluated.
Thyroid Function in 35 Patients with Gitelman Syndrome

Objective. In this study, we aimed to analyze thyroid function and related risk factors for thyroid dysfunction in 35 patients with Gitelman syndrome (GS). Methods. This study included 35 patients with GS who were referred to West China Hospital of Sichuan University from Aug 2013 to Jan 2018. General patient characteristics were collected, and thyroid function was assessed. To evaluate the potential contribution of hypokalemia to thyroid dysfunction, 636 patients who were clinically diagnosed with primary aldosteronism (PA) during the same period were included as the control group; these patients were divided into a hypokalemia group ( N = 528 ) and a normokalemia group ( N = 108 ). Logistic regression was used to screen for significant determinants of thyroid dysfunction in the GS patients. Results. Patients with GS had a significantly different prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism than patients with hypokalemic PA and normokalemic PA (28.6%, 2.9%, and 11.4% vs. 15.5%, 6.1%, and 0.7% vs. 8.3%, 4.6%, and 2.8%, P < 0.001 ). No significant difference was observed in the distribution of thyroid function between the hypokalemic PA group and the normokalemic PA group ( P > 0.05 ). No significant differences were seen in the positive rates of thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) among the three groups ( P > 0.05 ). In the logistic regression, only sex (OR, 7.4; 95% CI, 1.555-35.479; P = 0.012 ) was significantly correlated with thyroid dysfunction in GS patients. Conclusion. GS is complicated with a greater rate of thyroid dysfunction than primary aldosteronism. The risk of thyroid dysfunction in female patients with GS is higher than that in male patients.
Use of information and communication technologies in small-scale dairy production systems in central Mexico

Abstract The objective of the study was to characterize small-scale dairy production systems to identify the technological preferences according to the farmer and farm characteristics and to analyze the importance and role of the information communication technologies (ICTs) in the dissemination of information related to management and livestock activities. To collect the data, a survey was applied to 170 small-scale dairy farmers from central Mexico. To characterize the farms, a factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed. To compare and identify differences between groups, a Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted. Four factors that explain 70.93% of the accumulated variance were identified; these factors explain the use of technology, production characteristics, social connections, and use of ICTs. The cluster analysis identified four groups. Group 1 was integrated by farmers with more experience and the largest farms. Group 2 had higher studies and use of ICTs. Group 3 was formed by young farmers but had a low use of technology. Group 4 contained older farmers with a low use of technology. The young farmers with higher studies have begun to incorporate ICTs into their daily activities on the farm, as observed in Group 2. Smartphones were the most used and were considered important by the farmers of the four groups, since they enable interaction with other farmers and the dissemination of topics of interest related with the farm. In conclusion, four group of farmers were differentiated; therefore, different extension approaches should be implemented to take into account the preferences and the technologies considered most important for each group. The ICTs are emerging technologies among small-scale dairy farmers to communicate information related to livestock management, mainly by young farmers with studies of secondary, as observed in Group 2.
Geodetic SAR for Height System Unification and Sea Level Research - Observation Concept and Preliminary Results in the Baltic Sea

Traditionally, sea level is observed at tide gauge stations, which usually also serve as height reference stations for national leveling networks and therefore define a height system of a country. One of the main deficiencies to use tide gauge data for geodetic sea level research and height systems unification is that only a few stations are connected to the geometric network of a country by operating permanent GNSS receivers next to the tide gauge. As a new observation technique, absolute positioning by SAR using active transponders on ground can fill this gap by systematically observing time series of geometric heights at tide gauge stations. By additionally knowing the tide gauge geoid heights in a global height reference frame, one can finally obtain absolute sea level heights at each tide gauge. With this information the impact of climate change on the sea level can be quantified in an absolute manner and height systems can be connected across the oceans. First results from applying this technique at selected tide gauges at the Baltic coasts are promising but also exhibit some problems related to the new technique. The paper presents the concept of using the new observation type in an integrated sea level observing system and provides some early results for SAR positioning in the Baltic sea area.
Factors Influencing Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure of Listed Enterprises on Vietnamese Stock Markets

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the factors that affect the degree of environmental accounting information disclosure. Data are collected from 87 industry companies listed on the Vietnamese stock market from 2009 to 2019. I focus on the effect of factors such as the Firm size, Profitability, Leverage, Firm age, and Independent auditors. To explain the causal relationship between factors, I construct the regression model and then test it by using different statistical method approaches, including the pooled OLS, the fixed effects model, and the random effects model. Then I conduct testing of model defects: White Test, Wooldridge Test, Hausman Test, and Wald Test. The Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method is used to analyze the image factors that affect environmental accounting information disclosure. The results show that the extent of environmental accounting information disclosure is influenced by factors: firm size, uptime and independent audit. These factors positively affect the level of environmental accounting information disclosure; independent audit has the greatest influence. Based on the research results, the author gives recommendations to improve the disclosure of environmental accounting information for industrial enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock market, increasing the competitiveness of the public company in terms of global integration.
On the Correspondence between Seasonal Forecast Biases and Long-Term Climate Biases in Sea Surface Temperature

The correspondence between mean sea surface temperature (SST) biases in retrospective seasonal forecasts (hindcasts) and long-term climate simulations from five global climate models is examined to diagnose the degree to which systematic SST biases develop on seasonal time scales. The hindcasts are from the North American Multimodel Ensemble, and the climate simulations are from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The analysis suggests that most robust climatological SST biases begin to form within 6 months of a realistically initialized integration, although the growth rate varies with location, time, and model. In regions with large biases, interannual variability and ensemble spread is much smaller than the climatological bias. Additional ensemble hindcasts of the Community Earth System Model with a different initialization method suggest that initial conditions do matter for the initial bias growth, but the overall global bias patterns are similar after 6 months. A hindcast approach is more suitable to study biases over the tropics and subtropics than over the extratropics because of smaller initial biases and faster bias growth. The rapid emergence of SST biases makes it likely that fast processes with time scales shorter than the seasonal time scales in the atmosphere and upper ocean are responsible for a substantial part of the climatological SST biases. Studying the growth of biases may provide important clues to the causes and ultimately the amelioration of these biases. Further, initialized seasonal hindcasts can profitably be used in the development of high-resolution coupled ocean–atmosphere models.
Diagnosing the Scale- and Space-Dependent Horizontal Eddy Diffusivity at the Global Surface Ocean

Oceanic tracers are transported by oceanic motions of all scales, but only the large-scale motions are resolved by the present-day Earth system models. In these models, the unresolved lateral sub-gridscale tracer transport is generally parameterized through diffusive closures with a scale-independent diffusion coefficient. However, evidence from observations and theory suggests that diffusivity varies spatially and is length-scale dependent. Here we provide new scale-dependent quantification of the global surface diffusivities. To this end we use a recently developed statistical inversion method, MicroInverse, to diagnose horizontal surface diffusivities from observed sea surface temperature and idealized model simulation. We compare the results to theoretical estimates of mixing by the large-scale shear and by the sub-gridscale velocity fluctuations. The diagnosed diffusivity magnitude peaks in the tropics and western boundary currents with minima in the subtropical gyres (~3000 and ~100 m2 s−1) at ~40-km scale, respectively. Focusing on the 40–200-km length scale range, we find that the diffusivity magnitude scales with the length scale to a power n that is between 1.22 and 1.54 (90% confidence) in the tropics and also peaks at values above 1 in the boundary currents. In the midlatitudes we find that 0.58 < n < 0.87 (90% confidence). Comparison to the theory suggests that in regions with n > 1 the horizontal mixing is dominated by large-scale shear, whereas in regions where n < 1 the horizontal mixing is due to processes that are small compared to the 40–200-km length scale range considered in this study.
Growth and Characterization of CZTS Thin Films Synthetized by Electrodeposition Method for Photovoltaic Applications

In the present work we deposited CZTS absorber material using a one-step electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. We studied the effect of sulfurization temperature on structural, morphological and optical properties of CZTS thin films sulfurized in N2+H2S atmosphere at 350, 375, 400 and 425°C for 10 min respectively for 10 min. The films have been charaterized by different techniques including X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible-NIR spectrophotometer. XRD patterns indicated kesterite CZTS with preferential orientation along (112) plane, the intensity of peaks increased with increase of sulfurization temperature signified the amelioration of the crystallinity with sulfurization temperature increased, the estimated crystallite size are in the range of 14.27-37.32 nm. Raman scattering experiments confirmed the presence of CZTS thin films by the characteristic peak at 336 cm−1. SEM images showed the morphology of CZTS thin films improved with increasing of sulfurization temperature. UV-Visible-NIR spectrophotometer showed that the values of optical absorption coefficient are larger than 104 cm−1 and optical band gap energy of CZTS thin films decreased with increasing of sulfurization temperature ranging 1.56 and 1.66 eV. These results make the electrodeposited CZTS films a suitable material as absorber material in solar cells applications based thin films.