Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Alamouti Diversity Schemes and Techniques for Wireless Communication

: External communications clients seek higher communication levels, better speech quality and higher network limitations due to limited radio recurrence spectrum connectivity, bandwidth, channel efficiency, physical zones and transmitting problems induced by factors such as blurring (Fading) and multi-way bending (Distortion). Fading is a significant impedance of the remote communication tube. Within this article, we find different procedures for alleviating the fading issue in the remote system. The simple solution to the fading problem will be to have the fading edge of the transmitter. In any scenario, this is not a fruitful agreement in any way whatsoever. One exchange agreement is beneficial to take a stance on the truthful behaviour of the deteriorating outlet. There follows the basic concept of good variety; where at least two inputs from the recipient are required to receive uncorrelated signals.
Effects of Growth Regulators and Type-Variety of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) on Direct Organogenesis

The in vitro organogenesis of embryos of type-variety (‘Albescens’, ‘Nigrescens’, ‘Virescens’ and ‘Idolatrica’) of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) with growth regulators was studied. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with nine treatment concentrations of Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), alone and in combinations, was used to initiate embryo cultures of the type-variety. Data were collected on time of root production, root length, plant height, number of leaves and number of roots. The results obtained indicated that there were swelling and expansion of the matured zygotic explants in cultures within 7 and 14 days after culture initiation (DCI). Time of root production did not vary significantly among type-variety, but differed significantly (p < 0.001) due to growth regulators, whereas their interaction effect was non-significant. Root length and plantlet height significantly varied (p < 0.05) due to type-variety and growth regulators, as well as their interaction. There were no significant variations among type-variety on number of leaves and roots produced at 84 DCI, but there was significant (p < 0.05) variations on number of leaves and non-significant variance on number of roots due to growth regulators. The type-variety combined with growth regulators effects on number of leaves and roots were not significant. In the present study, the responses of the various type-variety in the regeneration of plantlets in vitro varied with respect to media supplementation and that low concentration of NAA and BAP, alone and in different combinations, favoured root, leaf and plantlet production in MS medium.
Field Observations on Courtship and Spawning Behavior of the Giant Sea Bass, Stereolepis gigas

Aspects of the reproductive behavior of Giant Sea Bass, tereolepis gigas, were observed and monitored at Goat Harbor, Santa Catalina Island, California from June 2014 to August 2015. The site was visited daily during the summer months (the known spawning season); aggregations were not present during the rest of the year. Numbers of Giant Sea Bass observed at Goat Harbor ranged from 1 to 19 individuals with an average of 6. Giant Sea Bass produced booming sounds (40–80 Hz), which were often associated with aggressive behavior but may also be associated with courtship. Courtship behavior was observed during the late afternoons and was most prominent around dusk (1900–2100 h). Courtship involved sexually dimorphic, temporary color changes and displays such as circling in pairs and the nudging of the abdominal area of the presumed female by the snout of the presumed male. The courtship behaviors observed were similar to those observed for Giant Sea Bass in captivity. Although spawning was not observed directly, the available evidence suggests that spawning occurs just after dusk. Confirmation of spawning at or near the aggregation site was obtained through DNA barcoding with CO1 primers of eggs sampled from Goat Harbor near dusk. This study provides insights into courtship behavior that can be used to identify potential Giant Sea Bass spawning aggregations in the wild that are crucial for management of the species.
Banker plants promote functional biodiversity and decrease populations of the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella

In this study, potential banker plant systems against the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) were developed under controlled conditions. The two most promising banker plant systems, that is, the parasitoid Encarsia tricolor Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) either with Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker on European columbine (columbine system) or with Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Hokkaido squash (pumpkin system), were further evaluated in the field. Although the pumpkin system produced three times more parasitoids than the columbine system, both banker plants led to an 1.5‐fold increase in A. proletella parasitism rates. However, only the pumpkin system increased the abundance of syrphid larvae on cabbage by 61.5% and reduced A. proletella populations on average by 4.4%–25.8% depending on the respective assessment date. In conclusion, the pumpkin system revealed to be a promising (supplementary) control measure against A. proletella. Options for further improvement and standardization of the pumpkin system as well as a potential implementation in cabbage production are discussed.
Impacts of landscape composition, marginality, and climatic stability on the patterns of endemism of Cerrado woody plants

Aim Although various theories have been proposed to explain the outstanding endemism of plants in the Cerrado, four hypotheses about the mechanisms of diversification and distribution are most supported: (1) plateau/valley, (2) stable/unstable climate, (3) core/peripheral distribution, and (4) soil fertility. The first argues that plateaus harbor more ancient lineages than valleys and therefore presents higher endemism. The second theory suggests that climatic stable environments maintained more paleoendemic species. The third scenario attributes the distribution of endemism to gradients of conditions available to locally adapted species and predicts higher endemism in nuclear than in marginal areas. The last theory suggests that lower fertility soils account for higher endemism due to the habitat specialization of its species. We compared endemism patterns with the predictions of each theory to discuss their importance. Location Brazil. Time period Quaternary. Major taxa studied Angiosperms. Methods We mapped the endemism using records of 311 plant species of the Cerrado and applied spatial analysis and distribution models to summarize the importance of each predictor of endemism. Results We identified 28 areas in which the higher endemism of Cerrado plants were concentrated and presented a map of its distribution. We found correlations among endemism, climate stability, elevation, and marginality, which supported the plateau/valley, core/peripheral, and stable/unstable hypotheses. No association between soil fertility and endemism was detected. We propose that plateaus are more stable climatic environments, and this characteristic along with their elevation and centrality are predictive of endemism. Main conclusions We concluded that most of the endemism is concentrated in overlapping areas of stability of species, which are concentrated in higher elevation central regions. Soil fertility was not linked to endemism. We recommend that central plateaus in the Cerrado require special attention in conservation to optimize the protection of endemic species in the biome.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the patent race: empirical evidence from listed companies in China

ABSTRACT This quantitative study was based on data from 910 Chinese listed companies, spanning from 2002 to 2017. It finds that the geographic distribution for patent competition is spatially dispersed from China’s Southeast Coast to the Northwest. This demonstrates that companies in Western and Northern China are increasingly innovative. In terms of time, the number of patents that enterprises produce has trended upward since 2010, and patent competition among enterprises is intensifying. Moreover, there is a strategic interaction between neighbouring companies in patent competition. Invention patents have a positive spillover effect, while non-invention patents have a negative spillover effect. This study also shows that the larger the scale of the enterprise and the higher its operating income, the more patents it has. The influence of enterprise age on total patents and invention patents is inversely related. Additionally, the more concentrated the company’s equity, the fewer the patents, and the higher the industry concentration, the greater the number of patents. Further, regional economic growth has a positive effect on total patents, while the regional unemployment rate has a negative effect on invention patents.
Numerical Investigation on the Transient Flow of a Boiler Circulating Pump Based on the Shear Stress Transport Turbulence Model

Based on the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model, the influence of different outlet pipe angles on the head and efficiency of a boiler circulating pump was analyzed. When the outlet pipe angle changed from 115° to 130°, the head and efficiency of the pump reduced significantly. The boiler circulating pump with 115° outlet pipe angle was selected as the further research object, and the reliability of the numerical simulation was verified by experiments. The transient flow of the prototype pump under the design flow rate condition (1.0Qd) and four other flow rate conditions (0.6Qd, 0.8Qd, 1.2Qd, and 1.4Qd) was studied. The results show that, under the conditions of design flow and large flow rate (1.0Qd, 1.2Qd, and 1.4Qd), the centrality and regularity of radial force distribution are obviously better than those of small flow rate (0.6Qd, 0.8Qd). The leakage of the rear seal ring is less than that of the front seal ring under five flow rate conditions. As the flow rate increases, the leakage of front and rear seal rings decreases, and the leakage ratio of front and rear seal rings increases. The energy loss of the rear cover plate is greater than the energy loss of the front cover plate under five flow rate conditions. With the increase in flow rate, the total loss energy of the prototype pump decreases first and then increases, and the energy loss of the disc becomes larger and larger.
The chloroplast genome sequence of Michelia alba (Magnoliaceae), an ornamental tree species

Abstract Magnoliaceae are both economically and ornamentally important trees. Despite extensive studies in this family, the taxonomy of Michelia L. remains unclear, as well as the taxonomical status of Michelia alba. Herein, we report the complete chloroplast genome of M. alba DC. The chloroplast genome was 159,789 bp in length, with a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,951 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,798 bp, separated by two inverted repeat (IRs) regions of 26,570 bp. It contained 156 genes, including 83 coding genes, 68 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content was 39.3%, and 43.2%, 38.0%, 34.3%, in the IRs, LSC, and SSC regions, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis showed that M. alba is closely related to M. odora, with the genus Michelia nested inside Magnolia.
English language learning and social media: Schematic learning on Kpop Stan twitter

The recent years have observed a notable rise in online activities and interactions. One of the popular online interaction zones are fandom communities comprising fans of any artist, band, TV show, movie, book, and so on. These fans come together on various platforms to enthuse about their favorites with people who share their admiration and interests. One such platform is Twitter and the fandom community is Stan Twitter. Within those fandoms, K-Pop fandom stands out because of the density of English as a second or foreign language speakers in this community. Taking this community as its sample, this study explores the ways in which the non-native English speaking fandom members use English to communicate on this platform. Moreover, the study focuses on the interpretation and usage of meme discourse by these non-native English speaking members. The findings reveal that the fandom members learn memetic discourse by internalizing it in the form of schemas, which means that they learn the whole chunk of interaction rather than learning individual words. The study has also explored overall language-learning within this community, and has discussed the implications of fandom activities as potential learning aids.
Ultrasensitive SERS Detection of Cancer‐Related miRNA‐182 by MXene/MoS2@AuNPs with Controllable Morphology and Optimized Self‐Internal Standards

Cancer has become a major killer threatening human health in today's society, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) may provide a competitive choice for the sensitive detection of cancer‐related miRNAs. In this work, a synergistic calibrated SERS strategy based on MXene/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)@Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) with controllable morphology is suggested for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA‐182 by selecting the average intensity of its three own characteristic Raman peaks (at 382 cm−1 and 402 cm−1 corresponding to MoS2 and at 611 cm−1 corresponding to MXene) as a benchmark instead of additional beacon molecules. The linear goodness of fit (the determination coefficient R2) for this strategy is available in amounts up to 0.9995, which is significantly higher than that of single or double peak calibrated case, and thus improves the detection accuracy dramatically. Meanwhile, vertical MoS2 nanosheets anchored on layered MXene can provide uniformly ordered sites for accommodating suitably sized AuNPs as “hot spots” with controllable particle gap of 2.2 nm, resulting in the maximum amplified SERS signal at 1362 cm−1 generated by hairpin probe DNA with Cy5. A linear detection window from 10 am to 1 nm with an ultralow detection limit of 6.61 am for miRNA‐182 is achieved.
Comprehensive In Silico Characterization and Expression Profiling of Nine Gene Families Associated with Calcium Transport in Soybean

Calcium (Ca2+) plays a critical role in the regulation of growth and development and environmental stress responses in plants. The membrane-associated Ca2+ transport proteins are required to mediate Ca2+ signaling and maintain Ca2+ homeostasis. Ca2+ channels, pumps (ATPases), and antiporters are three major classes of Ca2+ transporters. Although the genome-wide analysis of Ca2+ transporters in model plants Arabidopsis and rice have been well documented, the identification, classification, phylogenesis, expression profiles, and physiological functions of Ca2+ transport proteins in soybean are largely unknown. In this study, a comprehensive in silico analysis of gene families associated with Ca2+ transport was conducted, and a total of 207 putative Ca2+ transporter genes have been identified in soybean. These genes belong to nine different families, such as Ca2+-ATPase, Ca2+/cation antiporter, cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (CNGC), and hyperosmolality induced cytosolic Ca2+ concentration channel (OSCA). Detailed analysis of these identified genes was performed, including their classification, phylogenesis, protein domains, chromosomal distribution, and gene duplication. Expression profiling of these genes was conducted in different tissues and developmental stages, as well as under stresses using publicly available RNA-seq data. Some genes were found to be predominantly expressed in specific tissues like flowers and nodules, and some genes were found to be expressed strongly during seed development. Seventy-four genes were found to be significantly and differentially expressed under abiotic and biotic stresses, such as salt, phosphorus deficiency, and fungal pathogen inoculation. In addition, hormonal signaling- and stress response-related cis-elements and potential microRNA target sites were analyzed. This study suggests the potential roles of soybean Ca2+ transporters in stress responses and growth regulation, and provides a basis for further functional characterization of putative Ca2+ transporters in soybean.
Differential survival of nursery‐reared Acropora cervicornis outplants along the Florida reef tract

In recent decades, the Florida reef tract has lost over 95% of its coral cover. Although isolated coral assemblages persist, coral restoration programs are attempting to recover local coral populations. Listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, Acropora cervicornis is the most widely targeted coral species for restoration in Florida. Yet strategies are still maturing to enhance the survival of nursery‐reared outplants of A. cervicornis colonies on natural reefs. This study examined the survival of 22,634 A. cervicornis colonies raised in nurseries along the Florida reef tract and outplanted to six reef habitats in seven geographical subregions between 2012 and 2018. A Cox proportional hazards regression was used within a Bayesian framework to examine the effects of seven variables: (1) coral‐colony size at outplanting, (2) coral‐colony attachment method, (3) genotypic diversity of outplanted A. cervicornis clusters, (4) reef habitat, (5) geographical subregion, (6) latitude, and (7) the year of monitoring. The best models included coral‐colony size at outplanting, reef habitat, geographical subregion, and the year of monitoring. Survival was highest when colonies were larger than 15 cm (total linear extension), when outplanted to back‐reef and fore‐reef habitats, and when outplanted in Biscayne Bay and Broward–Miami subregions, in the higher latitudes of the Florida reef tract. This study points to several variables that influence the survival of outplanted A. cervicornis colonies and highlights a need to refine restoration strategies to help restore their population along the Florida reef tract.
An Investigation into the Effect of DNA Structural Polymorphism and Single-stranded DNA Binding Proteins on Repair of Disease-associated Slipped-DNA Repeats

Gene-specific repeat expansions are the cause of a growing list of neurological diseases, including myotonic dystrophy type 1 and Huntington's disease. The formation of slipped-DNA structures in the expanded repeat sequences is thought to drive repeat instability and pathogenesis by impairing normal DNA metabolic processes. Here I show that slipped-DNAs with nicks located within the repeat tract displayed increased structural heterogeneity relative to slipped-DNAs with nicks located in the flanking sequence. Nick-in-repeat slipped-DNAs were repaired better than nick-in-flank slipped-DNAs, likely due to increased amounts of singlestranded DNA at the nicked repeat ends allowing for better repair factor binding. Single-stranded DNA binding proteins RPA and aRPA seem to play an important part in tissue-specific instability as both complexes are overexpressed in the brains of HD patients. Neither RPA nor aRPA was required for slipped-DNA repair, although they both enhanced slipped-DNA repair
Lung Lobe Segmentation Based on Lung Fissure Surface Classification Using a Point Cloud Region Growing Approach

In anatomy, the lung can be divided by lung fissures into several pulmonary lobe units with specific functions. Identifying the lung lobes and the distribution of various diseases among different lung lobes from CT images is important for disease diagnosis and tracking after recovery. In order to solve the problems of low tubular structure segmentation accuracy and long algorithm time in segmenting lung lobes based on lung anatomical structure information, we propose a segmentation algorithm based on lung fissure surface classification using a point cloud region growing approach. We cluster the pulmonary fissures, transformed into point cloud data, according to the differences in the pulmonary fissure surface normal vector and curvature estimated by principal component analysis. Then, a multistage spline surface fitting method is used to fill and expand the lung fissure surface to realize the lung lobe segmentation. The proposed approach was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated on a public dataset from Lobe and Lung Analysis 2011 (LOLA11), and obtained an overall score of 0.84. Although our approach achieved a slightly lower overall score compared to the deep learning based methods (LobeNet_V2 and V-net), the inter-lobe boundaries from our approach were more accurate for the CT images with visible lung fissures.
Functional Genomics of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A3 (ABCA3) Variants.

Rare or private, biallelic, variants in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3) gene are the most common monogenic causes of lethal neonatal respiratory failure and childhood interstitial lung disease. Functional characterization of fewer than 10% of over 200 disease-associated ABCA3 variants (majority missense) suggests either disruption of ABCA3 protein trafficking (type I) or of ATPase-mediated phospholipid transport (type II). Therapies remain limited and non-specific. A scalable platform is required for functional characterization of ABCA3 variants and discovery of pharmacologic correctors. To address this need, we first silenced the endogenous ABCA3 locus in A549 cells with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Next, to generate a parent cell line (A549/ABCA3-/-) with a single recombination target site for genomic integration and stable expression of individual ABCA3 missense variant cDNAs, we used lentiviral-mediated integration of a LoxFAS/GFP/LoxP cassette, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and dilutional cloning. To assess the fidelity of this cell-based model, we compared functional characterization (ABCA3 protein processing, ABCA3 immunofluorescence colocalization with intracellular markers, ultrastructural vesicle phenotype) of 2 individual ABCA3 mutants (type I mutant: p.L101P, type II mutant: p.E292V) in A549/ABCA3-/- cells and in both A549 cells and primary, human alveolar type II cells that transiently express each cDNA after adenoviral-mediated transduction. We also confirmed pharmacologic rescue of ABCA3 variant-encoded mistrafficking and vesicle diameter in A549/ABCA3-/- cells that express p.G1421R (type I mutant). A549/ABCA3-/- cells provide a scalable, genetically versatile, physiologically relevant functional genomics platform for discovery of variant-specific mechanisms that disrupt ABCA3 function and for screening of potential ABCA3 pharmacologic correctors.
A key agreement protocol based on group actions

The key agreement scheme is an important part of the cryptography theory. The first study in this field belongs to Diffie–Hellman and Merkle. We present a new key agreement scheme using a group action of special orthogonal group of 2 × 2 matrices with real entries on the complex projective line.