Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forecasting Fishery Performance for Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in NAFO Divisions 2HJ

The physical environment of the ocean is believed to have a major influence on pandalid shrimp populations and there are numerous studies that incorporate environmental variables to predict and forecast landings from the fishery and/or resource abundance. Cause-and-effect mechanisms are not clearly understood in many instances but the predictive nature of the relationships provides a potentially powerful forecasting tool. Meaningful indicators of the future prospects for shrimp stocks that support valuable commercial fisheries are necessary in a comprehensive stock assessment process. In this paper, I use time-series analysis to construct an illustrative, predictive model for standardized, annual catch rates (an abundance index) in a shrimp fishing area off the Labrador coast (NAFO Divisions 2HJ). Environmental data (annual winter ice cover) are incorporated as an input series to improve predictive and forecasting power. Results support the hypothesis that cold conditions, which result in more extensive ice cover, are favourable for shrimp at early life-history stages. Predictions of annual catch rates fit the observed values well in most cases and a catch-rate forecast for several years is provided. Possible functional mechanisms are discussed. Introduction The importance of environmental (oceanographic) influences in affecting the dynamics of pandalid shrimp populations is widely accepted. Nevertheless, the statistical relationships seldom have been demonstrated adequately and the functional relationships, in most cases, have not been clearly explained. The decline of the Pandalus borealis resource in the Gulf on Maine during the 1970's was well-documented but opinion remains divided on the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic factors (see Apollonio et al., 1986; Clark, et al., this symposium). The collapse of the Alaskan fishery for P. borealis (renamed P. eous by Squires, 1992) during the late 1970's prompted an extensive review of the literature on the relationship between shrimp distribution and physical oceanographic parameters (Ippolito et al., 1980). The proceedings of the international pandalid shrimp symposium held in Kodiak, Alaska in 1979 (Frady, 1981) included research presentations and panel discussions on the environmental relations to pandalid shrimp. Subsequently, Nunes (1984) conducted major studies that included the effects of temperature on shrimp reproduction and larval survival. The recent NAFO symposium on Pandalid Shrimp Fisheries Science and Management at the Millennium devoted an entire session to environmental and trophic considerations, concluding that these factors ". must play an increasingly important role in the assessment and management of pandalid populations in the future. " (NAFO, 1999).
A Traveler’s Guide to the Multiverse: Promises, Pitfalls, and a Framework for the Evaluation of Analytic Decisions

Decisions made by researchers while analyzing data (e.g., how to measure variables, how to handle outliers) are sometimes arbitrary, without an objective justification for choosing one alternative over another. Multiverse-style methods (e.g., specification curve, vibration of effects) estimate an effect across an entire set of possible specifications to expose the impact of hidden degrees of freedom and/or obtain robust, less biased estimates of the effect of interest. However, if specifications are not truly arbitrary, multiverse-style analyses can produce misleading results, potentially hiding meaningful effects within a mass of poorly justified alternatives. So far, a key question has received scant attention: How does one decide whether alternatives are arbitrary? We offer a framework and conceptual tools for doing so. We discuss three kinds of a priori nonequivalence among alternatives—measurement nonequivalence, effect nonequivalence, and power/precision nonequivalence. The criteria we review lead to three decision scenarios: Type E decisions (principled equivalence), Type N decisions (principled nonequivalence), and Type U decisions (uncertainty). In uncertain scenarios, multiverse-style analysis should be conducted in a deliberately exploratory fashion. The framework is discussed with reference to published examples and illustrated with the help of a simulated data set. Our framework will help researchers reap the benefits of multiverse-style methods while avoiding their pitfalls.
Convex integration constructions in hydrodynamics

We review recent developments in the field of mathematical fluid dynamics which utilize techniques that go under the umbrella name convex integration. In the hydrodynamical context, these methods produce paradoxical solutions to the fluid equations which defy physical laws. These counterintuitive solutions have a number of properties that resemble predictions made by phenomenological theories of fluid turbulence. The goal of this review is to highlight some of these similarities while maintaining an emphasis on rigorous mathematical statements. We focus our attention on the construction of weak solutions for the incompressible Euler, Navier-Stokes, and magneto-hydrodynamic equations which violate these systems’ physical energy laws.
Machine Learning for analysis of GPR images and electromagnetic diagnostics

F. Barbuto(1), P. P. Di Gregorio(1), L. Dinia(1), F. Frezza(1), F. Mangini(2), F. Ponti(1), M. Troiano(1), and P. Simeoni(3) (1) Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), "La Sapienza" University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy, e-mail: francesco.barbuto@uniroma1.it, pietropaolo.digregorio@uniroma1.it; lorenzo.dinia@uniroma1.it, fabrizio.frezza@uniroma1.it; francesca.ponti@uniroma1.it; maurizio.troiano@uniroma1.it (2) University of Brescia, Department of Information Engineering (DII), 25123, Brescia, Italy; e-mail: fabio.mangini@unibs.it (3) National Transport Authority (NTA), Harcourt Lane, D02WT20 Dublin, Ireland; e-mail: patrizio.simeoni@nationaltransport.ie
Effectiveness of Coping Strategies for Livelihood Support: Lessons from 2015 Nepal’s Earthquake Theme: Livelihood and Economic Recovery

Background: Nepal experienced two major earthquakes in April and May of 2015 resulting into substantial losses of lives and property. At household level, the earthquake had an adverse effect on consumption/food security, productive assets and other socio-economic indicators such as health and education. In order to minimize/mitigate the adverse effects, households resorted to various coping strategies to support their livelihood, more importantly borrowing, selling of assets and livestock, public and private cash and in-kind assistance and receipt of remittances. Now that five years have already passed since the earthquake, there is no systematic study after the earthquake that makes a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of these ex-post coping strategies. This study attempts to fulfill this gap. Research issues/Objectives: The main objective of this study is to empirically analyze the effectiveness of various coping strategies adopted by the household after the earthquake. The study is expected to single out the most effective coping strategy/strategies that helped households to mitigate the adverse effects of earthquake. Hence, the research questions I ask are the following: 1) What is the status of livelihood recovery? 2) What coping strategies did the household adopt after the earthquake? 3) Which of these coping strategies were effective to support their livelihood? Methodology: The study uses The Policy and Science for Health, Agriculture and Nutrition Survey-Nepal (PoSHAN) data. These are cross-sectional datasets with some longitudinal overlap collected, before and after the earthquakes, in 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 respectively. This study uses cross sectional part of the 2013 and 2016 survey. Empirical analysis using differences-in-differences (treatment-control and beforeafter design) method is used. For simplicity, the results are presented in box, tables and graphs. Key Results: The study finds that the households in the earthquake affected areas are recovering their livelihood. The most important ex-post coping strategies were remittances followed by borrowing and sale of assets. The effectiveness exercise, however, identified remittances as the only effective coping strategy that helped households recover their livelihood in the post-earthquake Nepal. 2 Dr. Raut is an Assistant Professor at Central Department of Economics, Tribhuvan University. He can be reached at nimsraut@gmail.com and nirmal.raut@cdes.tu. edu.np. His profile can be found here.
Clipping site recognition software

: The report describes the software for detecting clipping sites on a rose bush, which can be used to prune it. We discuss several options to implement rules of rose pruning, including branching and buds. The ﬁnal software that was integrated on the prototype consists of a pipeline that starts by scanning the rose bush to collect depth images of the bush and color information from different viewpoints. To locate the branches, a CNN is trained to segment them from the rest of the scene using the RGB data. Once the branches are segmented, their 3D locations are obtained using the point cloud from the depth map and the points that are located at the desired cutting height are found. Finally, those points are clustered to ﬁnd the cutting points.
Acorn woodpeckers vocally discriminate current and former group members from nongroup members

In species with long-term social relationships, the ability to recognize individuals after extended separation and the ability to discriminate between former social affiliates that have died and those that have left the group but may return are likely to be beneficial. Few studies, however, have investigated whether animals can make these discriminations. We presented acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus), a group-living, cooperatively breeding bird, with playbacks of current group members, former group members still living nearby, former group members that had died or left the study area, and familiar nongroup members. Subjects responded more quickly to the calls of nongroup members than to the calls of current group members or former group members still living in the study area but did not discriminate between nongroup members and former group members that had died or disappeared. This suggests that acorn woodpeckers can vocally recognize both current group members and former group members that have dispersed to nearby groups and that they either forget former group members that no longer live in the vicinity or classify them differently from former group members that still live nearby. This study suggests an important role for vocal recognition in maintaining valuable relationships with social affiliates postdispersal.
A Time-to-Recache Case Study

We present a case study of using the time to recache (TTR) metric to choose which cache conﬁguration is optimal for a given benchmark and replacement policy. This work builds on prior work describing and implementing the TTR metric, and concludes that, while TTR can provide visualizations of cache behavior to build designer intuition into the behavior of a particular cache for a particular benchmark, the traditional method of simulating a wide variety of cache conﬁgurations to decide which is optimal is still required.
THE PLANCK-BALANCE – A SELF-CALIBRATING PRECISION BALANCE FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

A self-calibrating balance is proposed, which allows the calibration of weights in a continuous range from 1 mg to 1 kg. This so-called Planck-Balance (PB) is similar to the physical approach of Kibble Balances that allow the mass to be derived from the Planck constant. Using the Planck-Balance no calibrated mass standards are required during weighing processes any longer, because all measurements are traceable to the electrical quantities and the Planck constant. This allows a new approach of balance types after the expected redefinition of the SIunits by end of 2018. In contrast to many scientific oriented developments, the PB is focused on industrial use. Therefore, two balances will be developed, a PB2 and a PB1, which will allow a relative measurement uncertainty (k = 2) of 5.3 x 10-7 and 1.7 x 10-7, respectively. Those aimed accuracies refer to the class E2 and E1 weights, as specified in OIML R 111-1. The balances will be developed in a cooperation of the PTB and TU Ilmenau in a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The project started in January 2017 and will run for 3 years. Index Terms – Watt Balance, Kibble Balance, Primary mass standard, weighing instrument, load cell
Suicidal ideation detection in online social content

Suicide has become a serious social health issue in the modern society. Suicidal ideation is people’s thoughts about committing suicide. Many factors such as long-term exposure to negative feelings or life events can lead to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Among all the approaches of suicide prevention, early detection of suicidal ideation is one of the most effective ways. The advances of online communication and social networking services also provide a platform for people to express their sufferings and feelings in the real world, which provides a source for suicidal ideation detection. This thesis investigates the online social content for early detection of suicidal ideation. User-generated content, especially text posted by users, contains rich information about people’s status and reflects their mental states. In this thesis, we firstly have a comprehensive content analysis to discover knowledge from suicide-related text and preforms a benchmarking on binary classification of suicidal ideation including using feature extraction based classifiers and deep neural networks. The reasons of committing suicide are complicated, and suicidal factors vary from individuals. To incorporate suicidal factors for suicidal intention understanding, we consider sentimental clues and topics in people’s posts and propose to reason the relations between those factors and posts with attention relation networks for fine-grained suicidal ideation detection. Lastly, we study suicidal ideation detection in another scenario of private chatting. To tackle the challenge of isolated data in private chat rooms, we develop a knowledge transferring framework to train a global model for knowledge sharing with distributed agents. Overall, early detection suicidal ideation is urgently in demand for suicide prevention. This thesis develops methods with content analysis, feature engineering, and deep learning techniques including deep neural networks, attentive relation networks and federated transfer learning in the hope of using effective suicidal ideation detection to prevent suicide and save people’s life.
Reply to comments by editor and reviewers

Carbon-nitrogen (C-N) interactions regulate N availability for plant growth and for emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) as well asand the uptake of carbon dioxide. Future projections of these terrestrial greenhouse gas fluxes are strikingly divergent, leading to major uncertainties in projected global warming. Here we analyse the large increase in terrestrial N2O emissions over the past 21,000 years as reconstructed from ice-core isotopic data and presented in part I of this study. Remarkably, the 20 increase occurred in two steps, each realized over decades and within maximum two centuries, at the onsets of the major deglacial northern hemisphere warming events. The data suggest a highly dynamic and responsive global N cycle. The increase may be explained by an increase in the flux of reactive N entering and leaving ecosystems or by an increase in N2O yield per unit N converted. We applied the LPX-Bern dynamic global vegetation model in deglacial simulations forced with Earth System Model climate data to investigate N2O emission patterns, mechanisms, and C-N coupling. The N2O emission changes 25 are mainly attributed to changes in temperature and precipitation and the loss of land due to sea level rise. LPX-Bern simulates a deglacial increase in N2O emissions, but underestimates the reconstructed increase by 47 %. Assuming time-independent N sources in the model to mimic progressive N limitation of plant growth results in a decrease in N2O emissions in contrast to the reconstruction. Our results appear consistent with suggestions of (a) biological controls on ecosystem N acquisition, and (b) flexibility in the coupling of the C and N cycles during periods of rapid environmental change. A dominant uncertainty in 30 the explanation of the reconstructed N2O emissions is the poorly known N2O yield per N lost through gaseous pathways and its sensitivity to soil conditions. The deglacial N2O record provides a constraint for future studies. [293 300 words]
The Essential, Complex and Multiple Functions of the Ovaryof the Viviparous Teleosts Xenotoca eiseni (Goodeidae) duringNon-Gestation and Gestation Stages

Teleosts show unique features of the female reproductive system compared with the rest of vertebrates which define their viviparity. Teleosts do not have oviducts, therefore, the ovary of viviparous teleosts is the site, not only for the development of oocytes, but also it allows the reception of spermatozoa for the internal fertilization of the oocytes and the intraovarian gestation of offspring until birth; that is intraovarian gestation, unique in vertebrates. The intraluminal gestation proper of X. eiseni as a goodeid, permits that the nutrition of the embryos is complemented by absorption of nutrients obtained from the maternal tissues. The nutrition of X. eiseni during the initial part of gestation by the consumption of yolk is lecithotrophic, but, for the low amount of yolk in the mature oocytes, when the yolk ends, the nutrition is complemented by taking nutrients from the maternal tissues, that is, matrotrophic nutrition. Specifically, the species of Goodeidae have trophotaeniae, extension of the embryonic gut to the lumen of the ovary, used for matrotrophic nutrition.
Comparative Study of SEPIC Converter Commands Fitted with Classic MPPT Algorithms Combined with Two Cascaded PI Correctors

Instantaneous extraction of the maximum power available at a photovoltaic generator (GPV) terminal and its transfer to the load requires some techniques. The most practical is the use of an adaptation stage between GPV and load. This paper presents a use case of a single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) as an adaptation stage in a PV system. The converter performance is evaluated by applying two different most used Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) Methods, including the Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique and the conductance increment. Several works investigate in this field regarding these commands. However, this work shows the efficiency of algorithms P&O as well as conductance increments cascaded with two proportional– integral (PI) controllers. These allow regulating and stabilize voltage output and the current in the system while keeping the reference from the MPPT. The goal is to extract, the maximum power whatever the sunshine variation, the temperature and the load.
A Review on Analysis of Dapagliflozin.

Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2) as a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs. It is indicated for treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 2, either alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycaemic agents. The aim of this review is to focus on update of determination of Dapagliflozin in bulk and in pharmaceutical preparations using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Dapagliflozin is estimated by RP-HPLC, UV, RP-UPLC, LC-MS methods. This review provides detailed information on separation conditions for Dapagliflozin alone, in the presence combination with other drugs and in presence of its degradation products.
A Performance Study of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation Technique Applied to Sequence Identiﬁcation in 802.15.4 Data Link Layer Traces

This is the goal of Protocol Reverse Engineering (PRE), a family of techniques which aims at reconstructing the frame formats and/or the state machine of a target unknown protocol through analyzing execution traces and/or network traces. The general procedure to perform PRE, is a five-step process. Firstly, (i) the radio traffic is intercepted and the frames issued by the targeted protocol are isolated. Next, (ii) the meaningful binary sequences (features) of these frames are identified, (iii) then the frames are grouped by format via the use of these features. Within each group, (iv) sequences alignment is performed, and, finally, (v) the frame formats and/or the state machine of the targeted protocol are reconstructed. Here, we focus solely on the second step, the identification of remarkable sequences. This step aims at reducing the quantity of information needed to label a frame.
IN THE CAROLINAS STICKY EXPENDITURES IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: EVIDENCE FROM NORTH CAROLINA COUNTIES

Thomas D’Angelo We investigate whether North Carolina county governments exhibit stickyexpense and sticky-expenditure behavior similar to corporations’ sticky-cost behavior. We use regressions to investigate the trade-offs governments made among the main areas of public policy. We collect data from the Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports from the forty largest counties by population in North Carolina for the period 2005–14. We find sticky-expense behavior for the business-type activities of North Carolina county governments. We find mixed results for general government services. Education expenditures exhibit stickiness; however, allocational and redistributive expenditures do not. We do not find a link between developmental expenditures and level of revenue or change in revenue. The question of the extent to which these results can be generalized to other local governments and states that experience more or less volatility remains open. Understanding the role of stickiness could help government officials and accountants evaluate expenditure changes in light of changing revenues and help elected officials to more effectively align resources with governments’ managerial and political priorities.