Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Micrometeorological assessment of sensitivity of canopy resistance to vapour pressure deficit in a Mediterranean oak forest

La resistance du couvert a la vapeur d'eau (r c ) d'un peuplement de Quercus ilex L (Bosco Mesola, nord-est de l'Italie) a ete evaluee par inversion de l'equation de Penman-Monteith. Le flux de chaleur latente etait estime par la methode du rapport de Bowen. Une relation lineaire entre r c et le deficit de saturation de l'air a ete trouvee. La resistance du couvert augmentait regulierement durant la journee, ce qui conduisait a une evolution journaliere de la partition de l'energie: la plus grande part du flux de chaleur latente etait dissipee le matin, le flux de chaleur sensible augmentant ensuite dans la journee. Ce fonctionnement a ete confirme par des mesures independantes de transpiration basees sur la mesure de flux de seve de petites branches. En utilisant le concept de couplage entre le couvert et l'atmosphere, les consequences ecologiques de ces observations ont ete tirees.
NGC 1866: a milestone for understanding the chemical evolution of stellar populations in the Large Magellanic Cloud★

We present new FLAMES@VLT spectroscopic observations of 30 stars in the field of the LMC stellar cluster NGC 1866. NGC 1866 is one of the few young and massive globular cluster that is close enough so that its stars can be individually studied in detail. Radial velocities have been used to separate stars belonging to the cluster and to the LMC field and the same spectra have been used to derive chemical abundances for a variety of elements, from [Fe/H] to the light (i.e. Na, O, Mg.) to the heavy ones. The average iron abundance of NGC 1866 turns out to be [Fe/H]= –0.43±0.01 dex (with a dispersion �= 0.04 dex), from the analysis of 14 cluster-member stars. Within our uncertainties, the cluster stars are homogeneous, as far as chemical composition is concerned, independent of the evolutionary status. The observed cluster stars do not show any sign of the light elements ’anti-correlation’ present in all the Galactic globular clusters so far studied, and also found in the old LMC stellar clusters. A similar lack of anti-correlations has been detected in the massive intermediate-age LMC clusters, indicating a different formation/evolution scenario for the LMC massive clusters younger than � 3 Gyr with respect to the old ones. Also opposite to the Galactic globulars, the chemical composition of the older RGB field stars and of the young post-MS cluster stars show robust homogeneity suggesting a quite similar process of chemical evolution. The field and cluster abundances are in agreement with recent chemical analysis of LMC stars, which show a distinctive chemical pattern for this galaxy with respect to the Milky Way. We discuss these findings in light of the theoretical scenario of chemical evolution of the LMC.
Sincronización y resincronización de celos y de ovulaciones en ganado de leche y carne

In the dairy cattle the detection of cows in state of zeal has become one of the most important factors that diminish the reproductive efficiency. Although diverse complementary methods exist to improve the detection of those cows, the synchronization of ovulations and systematic insemination of all of the animals which state of zeal has not been detected, has become a viable and easy alternative of implementing with that from which a fertility rate from 35 to 40% can be obtained. In meat herds, artificial insemination has not been used as a tool for the genetic improvement, due to the difficulty in detecting the animals in zeal, and this is due to the geography of the pasture grounds and to the technical capacity of the personnel in charge of detecting animals in zeal, and of inseminating them. The implementation of programs for synchronizing ovulations and systematic insemination allows the elimination of the zeal detection process in breeding herds and concentrate the efforts on the artificial insemination task in a short time, allowing this task to be made by the veterinarian or a qualified technician and achieving a fertility rate from 40 to 50%. The combination of programs of ovulation resynchronizations with the precocious detection of empty animals, allows the systematic insemination of the empty animals without detecting zeal in the returns and to achieve a fertility rate from 55 to 75%, in two insemination rounds. In summary, the resynchronization ovulation and systematic insemination programs allow the elimination of the zeal detection in dairy cattle and beef cows, and also helps to maintain a level of viable fertility.
Energy output estimation of hybrid Wind-Photovoltaic power system using statistical distributions JES

In this paper, an estimation of the energy production of stand-alone hybrid wind turbine-photovoltaic system in southern Tunisia is studied. Energy estimation using probability distribution functions is applied. Three different probability density functions were used in this study: Weibull, Beta, and Log-normal. The climatic conditions for Djerba Island (Southern Tunisia) were used. The design of the hybrid system architecture according to all the characteristics of the studied site is presented. Monthly average hybrid energy production is estimated in the DC bus including the global losses and taking into account the stochastic nature of wind speed and solar irradiance. The power loss models involved in the hybrid system converters are investigated. Capacity factors of the wind turbine and photovolt aic station are presented. The obtained results show that the integration of all losses and using the statistical distributions leads to a better energy estimation taking into account all the characteristics of the southern Tunisia site .
THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL DIETARY LYSINE INTAKE ON BROILER BREEDER OFFSPRING PERFORMANCE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of broiler maternal dietary lysine intake on progeny performance. Three experiments were conducted with chicks hatched from Cobb 500 breeders at 38, 48, and 60 weeks of age. Breeder hens received six dietary treatments (T1-T6) from 26 to 60 weeks of age, which allowed an intake of 800, 930, 1070, and 1200 mg lysine/bird/d (T1-T4) respectively. An intake of 800 mg/bird/d at 26 weeks was increased by 25 mg every two weeks to provide 1225 mg lysine/bird/d at 60 weeks (T5). An intake of 1200 mg/bird/d at 26 weeks was reduced by 25 mg every two weeks to supply 775 mg lysine/bird/d at 60 weeks (T6). A total of 320, 401, and 390 chicks were hatched from breeder hens at 38, 48, and 60 weeks of age respectively. Immediately after hatching, 270, 384, and 384 unsexed chicks from breeder hens at 38, 48 and 60 weeks of age respectively, were placed in an environmentally controlled room and randomly allocated (within a treatment) to single-tier cages (80 × 50 cm). Nine chicks from breeders at 38 weeks of age and 8 chicks from breeders at 48 and 60 weeks of age were placed in each pen, keeping chicks from the same treatment group together for 21 d. Chicks were fed ad libitum with a commercial broiler starter crumble for 21 d and water was provided ad libitum throughout the duration of each trial. Feed intakes (FI), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using a generalized linear model of GenStat 12th edition. Simple linear regression model of GenStat 12th edition was used where appropriate. Significant improvements in offspring feed intake and body weight gain from 7-21 d were observed in chicks hatched from young breeder flocks (38 weeks) with low dietary lysine intakes (800, 930 and 950 mg/bird/d). The effect of maternal dietary lysine intake on offspring performance disappeared with the aging of the breeder flock (60 weeks). It was concluded that lower maternal dietary lysine intakes (800, 930 and 950 mg/bird/d) may improve feed intake and body weight gain from 7-21 d of broiler chicks hatched from younger breeder flocks (38 weeks).
Livestock Products Consumption Pattern in Selected Areas of Bangladesh

This study investigated consumption of livestock products in Bangladesh by utilizing the raw data of Household Income and Expenditures survey conducted from January to December 2012. A total of 300 household’s food expenditure were analyzed with regards to income of producer as consumer, urban consumer and rural nonlivestock producer as consumer. Livestock products constituted about 13.15 percent of the total food expenditure. This was the highest (17.21 percent) in the Dhaka city corporation and lowest (11.08 percent) in Sirajgonj. Among the different products of livestock expenditure, milk and chicken (as individual products) topped the list constituting respectively 6.62 and 2.18 percent of all consumption expenditures. Taking all areas together, rice cost (monthly/household) occupied about 40.13 percent of the food basket. For all areas, mean monthly household livestock consumption was the lowest i.e., 6.79 kg for the lowest income group while it was 49.96 kg for the highest income group. Milk has the highest proportion of consumption (50.73 percent) followed by, chicken (16.36 percent), beef (11.16 percent) and mutton (4.46 percent). Urban consumers’ monthly livestock products consumption on average income groups was 17.80 kg. Since they were higher income groups, their consumption was supposed to be higher than any other types of consumers due to they were more conscious to take animal protein and health care. Both the models estimates dependency ratio had negative affects on household calorie intake significantly, whereas land holding, mother’s education and location dummy positively influence on caloric intake. The location dummy suggesting that in urban area (D=1) calorie intake was respectively higher than that of rural area by about 41.51 kcal/AE.
Corporate governance and earnings quality : the Iranian evidence 1 )

Purpose The main question in this study is whether there is any relationship between corporate governance variables and earnings quality. The size of the board and audit committee, the number of stockholding managers and non-executive directors, and management quality are considered as independent corporate governance variables in the hypotheses. Research design, data, and methodology Earnings quality is used as the dependent variable. Input from the abovementioned variables are drawn from 94 listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period between 2006 and 2010. Results This study examines corporate governance aspects such as the size of the board of directors, the number of shares held by the board, the board’s independence, and the percentage of nonexecutive directors. The results show that establishing an audit committee has a significant role in ensuring higher quality reported earnings. Conclusions The regression statistics output reveals a meaningful relationship between earnings quality and the size of the board of directors, the number of non-executive directors, and the size of the audit committee. This result indicates that improving earnings quality requires that the size of the board of directors be taken into account.
An overview on various ways of bootstrap methods

The introduction of the bootstrap methods by Efron (1979) enables many empirical researches, which would otherwise be difficult if not totally impossible. Nowadays, bootstrapping has become an important aspect in research. This paper reviews various ways of bootstrapping data for cross-sectional and time series samples. Various ways of bootstrapping confidence intervals for estimators, an important application of bootstrap methods, are also discussed in this paper. Several other applications of bootstrap methods are briefly mentioned preceding to the concluding remarks this paper.
Candidate for the 2 + excited Hoyle state at E x ∼ 10 MeV in 12 C

Inelastic scattering from ${}^{12}$C has been measured at extremely forward angles including 0 ${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ using 386 MeV $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles to study the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-cluster states around ${E}_{x}$ $\ensuremath{\sim}$ 10 MeV, especially the 2${}^{+}$ state predicted by the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-cluster model. We have analyzed ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$,${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) cross-section data using both peak-fitting and multipole decomposition techniques. A 2${}^{+}$ state at ${E}_{x}=$ 9.84 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 0.06 MeV with a width of 1.01 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 0.15 MeV is found to be submerged in the broad 0${}^{+}$ state at ${E}_{x}=$ 9.93 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 0.03 MeV with a width of 2.71 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 0.08 MeV. This 2${}^{+}$ state may be interpreted as the 2${}^{+}$ excitation of the Hoyle state and the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-condensate state.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ECO-LOCAL FOOD SYSTEMS – final report from BERAS Work Package 2

Longstanding initiatives with Ecological Recycling Agriculture (ERA) and local food systems in the eight EU-countries in the Baltic Sea drainage area were evaluated during the project period, 2001–2005. The surplus of nitrogen was 48–54 % lower per hectare and year on Swedish and Finnish BERAS-farms compared to the average (mostly) conventional agriculture (36 kg compared to 79 for Swedish and 38 kg compared to 73 for Finnish agriculture with the same animal density of 0.6 au/ha). There was no surplus of phosphorous from BERAS farms. The average surplus of nitrogen for all the 42 BERAS-farms studied in the eight countries was 38 kg. This can be compared to the average agriculture surplus of 56 kg for the eight countries today, which includes the low intensive agriculture in the Baltic countries and Poland. All BERAS-farms with an animal density below 0.75 au per ha have a surplus below 50 kg N/ha. By definition an ERA farm has integrated organic crop and animal production and near self-sufficiency of fodder production, i.e. an external fodder rate (EFR) of <15 %. In both conventional and ERA agriculture an estimated 30–40 % of the nitrogen in animal exudates is lost as NH4 to the atmosphere. This means that the calculated nitrogen leaching to ground water from ERA farms is 70–75% less than leaching from average Swedish agriculture (7–9 kg compared with 28–30 kg). The equivalent calculation for all eight BERAS countries gave a reduction of nitrogen leaching with 47 % on BERAS-farms compared to the studied average Baltic Sea agriculture which includes regions with, until now, very extensive agriculture. Two possible agriculture scenarios were calculated for the BERAS countries: 1) conventional business-as-usual scenario where the Baltic countries and Poland convert to the same structure and use of resources as in average Swedish and Finnish agriculture, and 2) ERA scenario where agriculture in the whole Baltic Sea drainage area converts to ERA similar to the BERAS-farms. The conventional scenario 1 resulted in an increase of both nitrogen and phosphorus surplus in agriculture and a corresponding increase in the load to the Baltic Sea. The nitrogen leaching was calculated to increase by 58 %. The ERA scenario gave a reduction of nitrogen surplus from agriculture by 47 % and an elimination of the surplus of phosphorus. The implications of four Swedish food basket scenarios for nitrogen surplus, global warming impact and consumption of primary energy resources were presented. Scenario 2, where all the food is produced on ERA farms, would give a global warming impact of 800 kg CO2-equivalents per capita and year compared to 900 kg in Scenario 1 with conventional agriculture. Scenario 3 with food from ERA farms and local processing and distribution gave a global warming impact of 700 kg CO2-equivalents per capita and year. Scenario 4 with food from
Does M8-H Duality Reduce Classical TGD to Octonionic Algebraic Geometry? (Part I)

TGD leads to several proposals for the exact solution of field equations defining space-time surfaces as preferred extremals of twistor lift of Kahler action. So called M 8 -H duality is one of these approaches. The beauty of M 8 -H duality is that it could reduce classical TGD to algebraic geometry and would immediately provide deep insights to cognitive representation identified as sets of rational points of these surfaces. In part I of this two-part article, I shall consider the following topics: (1) Basic notions of algebraic geometry such as algebraic variety, surface, and curve; (2) Redution of M 8 -H duality to octonionic algebraic geometry; (3) Products of polynomials as correlates for free many-particle states with interactions described by added interaction polynomial; (4) Discussions of the octonionic polynomials with real coefficients giving rise to associative (co-associative) surfaces as the zero loci of their real part ; (5) Generalization of Cauchy-Riemann conditions for complex analytic functions to quaternions and octonions; and (6) Polynomials with universal dynamics of criticality.
WORKING PAPER 3 098 Governance and Economic Growth

Because protection of property rights cannot be framework. Drawing on North (1990), he presents a appropriated by any individual, it is widely recognized as model where economic performance and enforcement of being the state's responsibility. Moreover, recent property rights may reinforce each other. Initial empirical evidence . gests that protection of property conditions determine the economy's convergence to a rights leads to higher investment levels and faster high-income or a low-income steady state. Existing growth. The extent of r. -onerty -ghts protection differs empirical evidence offers tentative support for this significantly across countries. Gradstein integrates the theory. emergence of property rights within a simple growth This paper-a product of Public Services, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the role of governance for economic development. Copies of the paper are available free from the World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433. Please contact Hedy Sladovich, room MC3-607, telephone 202-473-7698, fax 202-522-1154, email address hsladovich@worldbank.org. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://econ.worldbank.org. The author may be contacted at mgradstein@worldbank.org. July 2003. (14 pages) The Policy Researcb Working Paper Seoes disseminates the fndings of Buork in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is toget the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the autbors. They do not necessarily represent the viewv of the World Bank, its E^xecutive Directors, or the countries they represent. Produced by Partnerships, Capacity Building, and Outreach Governance and Economic Growth
Remediation of contaminated sites within development projects in Uppsala

Contaminated sites are commonly remediated as a response to development plans of former industrial areas. General guidance, valid for all types of contaminated sites, is provided by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA). This thesis has investigated the working procedure and practice of cleanups within development projects, with the purpose of discussing the applicability of the SEPA guidance for such cleanups, as well as, identifying potential consequences from deviating from the guidance. The study includes twelve cleanups in Uppsala. Material in form of investigative reports and official documents about the cleanups were collected at the Environmental Office at the Municipality of Uppsala. The material was analyzed with the SEPA guidance as reference. The determining factor of how cleanups were performed, was found to be excess of soil within the development projects, due to underground constructions. As a result of this, dig and dump was the prevailing remediation technique in all of the studied cleanups. It is clear that a practice for cleanups within development projects in Uppsala has evolved between the Environmental Operational Authority (EOA) and the Environmental Consultancy Companies (ECC) in Uppsala. The practice is in many ways effective in regards of transparency and consequent superintendence of cleanups. However, it is concluded that there is room for improvements concerning statistical analysis of data and increased use of site specific guideline values for soil that is left or reused on site. Furthermore, the perception differs of how the SEPA guidance should be applied on cleanups within development projects, between the EOA and ECC, but also between ECCs. In addition, it seems as individual preferences, as well as, the time available for investigations, decide the level of investigations, rather than the actual conditions. In conclusion, there is a clear need for a guidance from SEPA that focuses on cleanups within development projects.
REVEALING THE NATURE OF THE ULX AND X-RAY POPULATION OF THE SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 4088

We present the first Chandra and Swift X-ray study of the spiral galaxy NGC 4088 and its ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX N4088–X1). We also report very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations at 1.6 and 5 GHz performed quasi-simultaneously with the Swift and Chandra observations, respectively. Fifteen X-ray sources are detected by Chandra within the D25 ellipse of NGC 4088, from which we derive the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of this galaxy. We find the XLF is very similar to those of star-forming galaxies and estimate a star-formation rate of 4.5 M☉ yr−1. The Chandra detection of the ULX yields its most accurate X-ray position, which is spatially coincident with compact radio emission at 1.6 GHz. The ULX Chandra X-ray luminosity, L0.2–10.0 keV = 3.4 × 1039 erg s−1, indicates that N4088–X1 could be located at the high-luminosity end of the high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) population of NGC 4088. The estimates of the black hole (BH) mass and ratio of radio to X-ray luminosity of N4088–X1 rule out a supermassive BH nature. The Swift X-ray spectrum of N4088–X1 is best described by a thermal Comptonization model and presents a statistically significant high-energy cutoff. We conclude that N4088–X1 is most likely a stellar remnant BH in an HMXB, probably fed by Roche lobe overflow, residing in a super-Eddington ultraluminous state. The 1.6 GHz VLBI source is consistent with radio emission from possible ballistic jet ejections in this state.
Daily report cards as a school-6 based intervention for children with 7 attention-deficit / hyperactivity 8 disorder 9

112 This paper describes daily report cards and the evidence relating to their use 13 in schools for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 14 This intervention typically involves teachers evaluating a student’s behaviour 15 at school against pre-determined targets and parents subsequently providing 16 reinforcement at home for positive reports. Research suggests that the daily 17 report card has been effective in treating a range of ADHD symptoms and 18 improving school outcomes, including academic achievement in some cases. 19 The daily report card also encourages collaboration between teachers and 20 parents, and evidence suggests that the intervention benefits from the inclu21 sion of reinforcement at home. Daily report cards are easy to implement and 22 research finds that teachers consider them an acceptable intervention for 23 ADHD. This paper also considers challenges in using daily report cards, 24 including barriers to their use over the long-term and the risk of stigma for 25 children with a report card. Ideas to address these issues are suggested.