Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of optical burst switching network

In this dissertation, after reviewing the new paradigm in the optical switching network invoked by the DWDM technology and studying the changes of the schemes, we design the new optical burst switching networks, analyze the performance of the proposed scheme and interpret the analysis results. For design point of view, the fairness guaranteeing scheme and burst blocking reduction schemes in the mesh networks, loss less burst transmission scheme in DWDM metro ring networks are considered. As a future broad band optical alternative, optical burst switching has been receive much focus. We review the property of the optical switching technologies such as optical packet switching, optical circuit switching, and optical burst switching. The benefits of the optical burst switching is illustrated. Even though optical burst switching has several advantage, it has intrinsic technology barrier. We study the research activities to remove the basic problem of optical burst switching. Optical deflection, optical burst segmentation, burst cloning, and burst piggy backing scheme is considered. To improve the network performance, we design optical burst switching network in mesh networks and metro ring networks. We also implement the proposed network by our own developed network test bench. We verify the proposed network performance by analyzing the network mathematically in terms of blocking rate, delay and throughput. The theoretical results are compared with the simulation results. The verification shows that our proposed schemes outperform those of the conventional scheme. Our mathematical models is also matched to the simulation results. The interpretation of the verification shows that our assumption and theoretical analysis is well designed. The results illustrate that the difference between the simulation results and mathematical results is within the considerable margin. The contribution of the thesis is that the performance improvement schemes in both of the mesh network and ring network are proposed and analyzed. By considering feasibility of the future optical networks, proposed scheme in this thesis is more deployable in commercial network in terms of the burst blocking rate and delay as well as the network stability.
Semiconductor-enhanced Raman scattering sensors via quasi-three-dimensional Au/Si/Au structures

Abstract We present a feasible way to strongly enhance Raman signals via introducing an ultra-thin dielectric film in the dual-layer plasmonic hotspots structure, which forms a quasi-three-dimensional structure. The Raman intensity was obtained with an enhancement factor of 735% for the dual-layer metal structure buffered with an ultra-thin silicon film. Moreover, the silicon layer based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate provided a Raman signal two to five times larger than that of the silica buffered substrate. These distinct responses confirm that the ultra-thin high-index semiconductor film has the capability of additionally enhancing Raman scattering. Otherwise, the upper and lower metal clusters can support multiple kinds of plasmonic resonances, which produce a remarkable physical enhancement of the Raman signals. Besides these impressive optical properties, the substrates have prominent advantages on structural features, since the fabrication process can be fulfilled simply, suggesting a feasible way for a large-area and low-cost SERS platform. The findings may pave an avenue to achieve insights on the dielectric enhanced Raman scattering and hold potential applications in optoelectronics, such as environmental and health sensors.
Wideband and high gain dielectric resonator antenna for 5G applications

In this paper, wideband high gain dielectric resonator antenna for 5G applications is presented. Higher order mode is exploited to enhance the antenna gain, while the array of symmetrical cylindrical shaped holes drilled in the DRA to improves the bandwidth by reducing the quality factor. The proposed DRA is designed using dielectric material with relative permittivity of 10 and loss tangent of 0. 002.The Rogers RT/Droid 5880 has been selected as substrate with relative permittivity of 2.2, loss tangent of 0.0009- and 0.254-mm thickness. The simulated results show that, the proposed geometry has achieved a wide impedance bandwidth of 17.3% (23.8-28.3GHz=4.5 GHz) for S11-10 dB, and a maximum gain of about 9.3 dBi with radiation efficiency of 96% at design frequency of 26 GHz. The DRA is feed by microstrip transmission line with slot aperture. The reflection coefficient, the radiation pattern, and the antenna gain are studied by full-wave EM simulator CST Microwave Studio. The proposed antenna can be used for the 5G communication applications such as device to device communication (D2D).
The Influence of Insole with Metatarsal Retro-Capital on Posture, Plantar Pressure and Body Segments Positions in Runners

Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of orthopaedic soles on the body posture. Methods. Forty-eight runners (21 men and 28 women) maintained a standing-up position on both feet with bare feet with neutral soles and orthopedic soles which contained bilaterally a podiatrist element of 3 mm height behind the metatarsal heads (Metatarsal Retro Capital Bar, MRCB). Stabilometric, plantar pressure and kinematic data in the sagittal plane on both sides were measured at 40 and 60 Hz, respectively. The position of the center of pressure on the anteroposterior axis (YCoP), the forefoot plantar pressure (FPP) and the anteroposterior position of the knee (Yk), the hip (YH), the shoulder (YS) and the ears (YE) with respect to the vertical axis passing through the joint of the ankle were determined for each experimental condition. Findings. The addition of a MRCB orthopedic element induced in backward displacement of CoP, hip, shoulder and ears (p < 0.01). YCoP and FPP changes were significantly correlated with YH, YS and YE changes (p < 0.01). Conclusion. These results suggest that the addition of an orthopedic element located behind the metatarsal heads influences the overall position of the body and can help podiatrist in the care of their patients.
Discrete-time control of high speed salient machines

In modern electrical drives all regulators are implemented in discrete-time domain. The design of current controller in the continuous time and its following discretization is a common and effective procedure as long as the ratio between the fundamental frequency and the sampling frequency remains sufficiently small. If this condition is violated, the performance of the closed loop system becomes increasingly poor or even unstable. Literature has also proposed some effective strategies to design the controllers directly in the discrete-time domain, but these methods can be applied only to non-salient machines. However, saliency is another major cause of loss of performance when not properly considered. This paper focuses on the extension of the discrete-time design rules to salient machines. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Student Debt and Labor Market Outcomes

We study the impact of student debt on various labor market outcomes, namely, income, hourly wages, and hours worked. Using the NLSY97 and a difference-indifference approach, we find statistically significant differences in labor market outcomes for individuals who received a student loan versus those who received no student loan. We find that the difference in post- versus pre-college income is 8-9 percent higher for individuals that received a student loan relative to individuals who received no student loan. Further, we find evidence that this higher income is due to higher work hours.
An improved network model for transmission expansion planning considering reactive power and network losses

The expansion plan obtained from a DC model based transmission expansion planning (TEP) model could be problematic in the AC network because the DC model is potentially inaccurate. However, solving TEP problems using the AC model is still extremely challenging. The motivation for this work is to develop a less relaxed network model, based on which more realistic TEP solutions are obtained. The proposed TEP model includes a linear representation of reactive power, off-nominal bus voltage magnitudes and network losses. Binary variables are added to avoid fictitious losses. Garver's 6-bus system is used to compare the proposed TEP model with the existing models. An iterative approach for considering the N - 1 criterion during the planning process is developed and demonstrated on the IEEE 118-bus system. Simulation results indicate that the proposed TEP model provides a better approximation to the AC network and is applicable to large power system planning problems.
Adverse Effects of Mono Sodium Glutamate, Sodium Benzoate and Chlorophyllins on some Physiological Parameters in Male Albino Rats

Background: Chlorophyllin is known as natural green. Chlorophyll derivative is used as a food additive (food–coloring agent). Mono sodium glutamate (MSG), the sodium salt of amino acid glutamate, is a food additive that popularly used all over the world as “Flavor enhancer”. Aim of the work: This study aimed to determine the hazardous effects of sodium benzoate, chlorophyllin and mono sodium glutamate on some physiological parameters in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: This study had been done on forty male albino rats. The Animals were divided into four groups; Group I (Control untreated group), Group II (Sodium benzoate-treated group), Group III (Chlorophyllin-treated group) and Group IV (Mono sodium glutamate-treated group). Blood samples were collected, sera were separated and used for estimation of some biochemical parameters (liver enzymes, kidney function, glucose, protein profile and lipid profile) and hormonal levels [testosterone, T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)]. Results: There was an increase in the activities of liver enzymes ASAT and ALAT as well as the levels of glucose, kidney function (urea and creatinine), lipid profile (TC, TG, VLDL and LDL), Insulin and HOMA-IR (insulin resistance) in the sodium benzoate- and mono sodium glutamate-treated groups. While chlorophyllin-treated group showed the same results except for glucose level, kidney function, insulin and HOMA-IR. In addition, there was an increase in the level of (T4) and (T3) in MSG group but these levels decreased in benzoate group. A drop in protein profile (total proteins, albumin), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and testosterone hormone in benzoate and glutamate groups as compared to the control rats. Conclusion: It could be concluded that some food additive like sodium benzoate and mono sodium glutamate have extreme effects on liver and kidney function, protein and lipid profiles as well as on thyroid and testosterone hormones. So, it is recommended to minimize the use of these additives to protect young children and mature people from these destructive effects.
Lower reproductive output of Mountain Bluebirds (Sialia currucoides) in clearcut versus grassland habitat is consistent with a passive ecological trap

Clearcutting of forests results in habitats that structurally resemble grasslands and so may act as ecological traps for grassland birds. Several studies have implicated predation as the factor that decreases the number of offspring, but few have examined performance at other breeding stages. Consistent with a passive ecological trap, Mountain Bluebirds (Sialia currucoides (Bechstein, 1798)) that settled in clearcuts in central British Columbia did not differ in age or quality from adults in grasslands. Nest building and laying date of the first egg did not differ between habitats, suggesting an equal propensity for settling in each habitat. In clearcuts, however, the body condition of female parents was lower, and they abandoned their nests more often in harsh weather. This higher total clutch loss in clearcuts meant that seasonal production of fledglings per female was 13% less in clearcuts. Furthermore, fledglings in grasslands weighed 4% more and female fledglings had plumage with shorter (UV-shifted) wavelengths (hence greater ornamentation) than those in clearcuts, suggesting that they were also of better quality. Thus, predation rates were not the cause of reduced reproduction in clearcuts; rather, our results suggest that lower prey abundance was linked to nest abandonment in harsh weather and reduced both the number and quality of offspring in those habitats.
Guidelines for the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (including carcinoid) tumours

Correspondence to: Dr J Ramage, North Hampshire Hospital, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke, Hants, UK; johnramage1@ compuserve.com . 1.0 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 1.1 Genetics N Clinical examination to exclude complex cancer syndromes (for example, multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1)) should be performed in all cases of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), and a family history taken (grade C). N In all cases where there is a family history of carcinoids or NET, or a second endocrine tumour, a familial syndrome should be suspected (grade C). N Individuals with sporadic or familial bronchial or gastric carcinoid should have a family history evaluation and consideration of testing for germline MEN1 mutations. Management of MEN1 families includes screening for endocrine parathyroid and enteropancreatic tumours from late childhood, with predictive testing for first degree relatives of known mutation carriers (grade C). N All patients should be evaluated for second endocrine tumours and possibly for other gut cancers (grade C)
Fully digital hysteresis modulation with switching time prediction

This paper proposes a digital hysteresis modulation technique based on switching time prediction. Sampling controlled variables several times within a switching period, it ensures a dynamic performance comparable to that obtainable with an analog hysteresis modulation. Compared to conventional digital hysteresis modulation, it avoids frequency jitter since it predicts switching transitions. Compared to hysteresis modulation based on the detection of the zero-crossing of current errors, it avoids external analog circuits. Compared to PWM techniques, it ensures faster dynamic response. These advantages are obtained at the expense of an increased signal processing requirements and of control complexity. Switching frequency stabilization and synchronization with an external clock can be achieved extending the techniques proposed in the past for analog hysteresis modulations. The proposed predictive algorithm does not require knowledge of load parameters and only a rough estimation of the inductor filter, which can be easily self-adjusted. The proposed solution is suited for high-performance current (or sliding-mode) control where the digital hardware has enough computational power to allow multiple samples within a switching period. The proposed modulation technique has been applied to a sliding-mode control of a single-phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Religion and Resiliency Among Female Afghan Special Immigrant Visa Holders

Religion and Resiliency Among Female Afghan Special Immigrant Visa Holders Sahil Gilani, MSW The University of Texas at Arlington, 2018 Supervising Professor: Diane Mitschke This thesis analyzed the relationship between the religiosity of four newly-arrived female Afghan Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) holders in the Dallas area and its impact on their resiliency, coping, and outlook on their new lives in the United States. The research was conducted through a phenomenological qualitative approach, which allowed the researcher to capture the lived experiences, feelings, and meanings that female SIVs attach to certain phenomena in their social environment (Husserl, 2012). The study hoped to add to the existing evidence-based research and knowledge on the efficacy, or lack thereof, of using religion as a coping mechanism.
Towards Efficient 5G Wireless Networks: Cross-Layer Design and Wireless Networking

With the fast growing popularity of smart mobile devices and the explosion of dataintensive services, the 5th generation (5G) wireless system is expected to provide a 1000x mobile data rate in the near future. To provide high data rate services to a large number of user devices, possible approaches include aggressive spectrum reuse, highly efficient multiplexing, and increased spectrum bandwidth. To this end, several promising technologies were proposed including massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), small cell, and mmWave (Millimeter Wave) communication. However, the successful applications of these emerging technologies face new challenges. For example, the high channel estimation overhead of massive MIMO systems due to large number of antennas; the interference issue in small cells network due to the dense deployment of base stations (BS); the vulnerability to blockage for mmWave communication due to short wavelength. To harvest the benefits of each technology, the 5G systems are expected to be an integration of multiple technologies. However, due to the inherent limits of each technology, such integration faces new challenges which need to be addressed with proper design. In this dissertation work, we aim to address the key challenges of 5G emerging wireless systems from the perspectives of cross-layer design and wireless networking. Through analyzing the special properties of different technologies, we propose solutions to enable efficient integration and enhance the system performance. The first part of this dissertation investigates the problem of dynamic BS sleep control for energy efficient massive MIMO heterogeneous network (HetNet). To achieve a good balance between data rate and energy consumption, we aim to maximize the energy efficiency of a massive MIMO HetNet through dynamic BS ON-OFF switching. Such a problem is formulated as an integer programming and we proposed centralized and distributed schemes to determine the set of small cell BSs (SBS) to be turned off.
Low-Cost Dual-Band Multipolarization Aperture-Shared Antenna With Single-Layer Substrate

A novel dual-band multipolarization (DBMP) aperture-shared patch antenna with a single-layer substrate is proposed. The proposed DBMP antenna consists of a P-band rectangular patch antenna and an S-band circular patch antenna, in which the S-band patch is inserted into the P-band patch. The two feeding ports of the P-band antenna are fed through a 180° bridge to produce a linearly polarized (LP) mode. The S-band antenna also has two feeding ports; when only one port is fed, the antenna generates an LP mode; when the two ports are fed using a 90° bridge, the antenna can generate a left-handed circularly polarized or a right-handed circularly polarized mode by changing the input phases of the feeding ports. The entire antenna is fabricated and tested based on the optimized structure dimensions. The measured results match well with the simulated results. It is obtained that the antenna can achieve a bandwidth of 33.3% for the P-band and 16.4% for the S-band while the return loss is larger than 10 dB. Measured port isolation for both bands is better than –20 dB, and the 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidths in the S-band can completely cover the impedance bandwidth range when using a 90° bridge.
Gasoline Quality Sensor Based on Tilted Fiber Bragg Gratings

We report on the study of an intensity-based optical fiber sensor for gasoline quality monitoring. The sensor setup employs two Bragg gratings with different spectral responses to interrogate the optical response of a tilted Bragg grating. The sensor operation is based on the tilted Bragg grating sensitivity to external refractive index changes, which are translated as power variations by the interrogation scheme. Gasoline–ethanol solutions with concentrations ranging from 0% to 60% ethanol were used to demonstrate the sensor performance. The results allowed to estimate that the sensor is able, within its resolution limit, to detect ethanol concentration variations of 1.5% in gasoline–ethanol solutions and discriminate temperature variations of 0.5 °C. The all-optical sensor setup is compact and robust, making it a competitive alternative for the realization of fuel quality analyses in practical applications.
The Sciences Underlying Smart Sustainable Urbanism: Unprecedented Paradigmatic and Scholarly Shifts in Light of Big Data Science and Analytics

As a new area of science and technology (S&T), big data science and analytics embodies an unprecedentedly transformative power—which is manifested not only in the form of revolutionizing science and transforming knowledge, but also in advancing social practices, catalyzing major shifts, and fostering societal transitions. Of particular relevance, it is instigating a massive change in the way both smart cities and sustainable cities are understood, studied, planned, operated, and managed to improve and maintain sustainability in the face of expanding urbanization. This relates to what has been dubbed data-driven smart sustainable urbanism, an emerging approach that is based on a computational understanding of city systems that reduces urban life to logical and algorithmic rules and procedures, as well as employs a new scientific method based on data-intensive science, while also harnessing urban big data to provide a more holistic and integrated view and synoptic intelligence of the city. This paper examines the unprecedented paradigmatic and scholarly shifts that the sciences underlying smart sustainable urbanism are undergoing in light of big data science and analytics and the underlying enabling technologies, as well as discusses how these shifts intertwine with and affect one another in the context of sustainability. I argue that data-intensive science, as a new epistemological shift, is fundamentally changing the scientific and practical foundations of urban sustainability. In specific terms, the new urban science—as underpinned by sustainability science and urban sustainability—is increasingly making cities more sustainable, resilient, efficient, and livable by rendering them more measurable, knowable, and tractable in terms of their operational functioning, management, planning, design, and development.
The transparency-reflection in puns arabic translation

The term transparency in the translation of puns in the holy Quran plays an important role in reflecting the originality of the text. Its significance lies in the fact that puns have certain sound effects and aesthetic features that should be reflected in the translation process. The failure to reflect these features may lead to a less transparent product. The main problem that a translator may face is to find the suitable vocabulary in the target language that can reflect both the intended meaning and the pun distinctive characteristics. When the translator can achieve these two goals, he can produce a product that has a high degree of transparency as it enables the original texts to shine through his translation by keeping the foreignness of the source text.