Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of Ultrasonography in Dentistry

In addition to conventional intraoral and panoramic radiographic techniques, most commonly utilized advanced imaging techniques for a variety of tasks in the dentomaxillofacial region are Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT), Computerized Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Scientists have been searching for safer and comparable alternative imaging modalities to X-ray imaging due to increasing concerns regarding radiation dose and economic limitations. Recent development of the Ultrasonography (US) equipments enables the visualization of fine detail of the surface structure of the oral and maxillofacial tissues without the use of ionizing radiation [1]. This promising technology is based on the reflection of ultrasound waves (echoes) sent toward the area of interest using a piezoelectric transducer at the interfaces of tissues that have different acoustic properties [2,3].
Wear Status Recognition for Milling Cutter Based on Compressed Sensing and Noise Stacking Sparse Auto-encoder

： In the machining process of CNC machine tools, the state of tool wear has a great influence on the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the parts being machined. However, the traditional method of relying on cutting forces to analyze tool wear requires the installation of additional force measuring devices on the workbench. This will interfere with the normal machining of the machine tool, limit the size of the part being machined, cause the processing quality to be reduced and other issues, and limit its application in the actual industrial environment. Aiming at the above problems, a monitoring method for identifying the wear state of the milling cutter by using the spindle current combined with the deep learning network is proposed. Firstly, the feasibility of using spindle current instead of cutting force to identify tool wear is demonstrated. Then, the frequency domain data of the current signal is compressed by compressed sensing, and Gaussian white noise is added to the observation signal to improve the robustness of the network. Finally, the compressed data is input into a stack sparse auto-encoder, which uses a combination of supervised learning and unsupervised learning to extract feature information caused by tool wear and to characterize tool wear. The experimental results show that this method can effectively monitor the wear state of the milling cutter.
Studies of fluid flow in arterial bypass grafts by magnetic resonance imaging.

This thesis is concerned prim arily with the effects of graft geometry and flow pulsatility on the hemodynamics of arteria l bypass grafts. M otivation for this work was the need of better understanding of the underlying flow related conditions th a t promote arte ria l bypass graft stenosis. The thesis describes techniques currently available for quantitative flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Methods to estim ate and reduce m easurem ent uncertainty in MRI phase contrast velocimetry are investigated. The MR phase-velocity mapping technique is calibrated in complex steady and transien t flows by using highly resolved numerical computations as reference solutions. A novel splines based approximation method is introduced to model MRI velocity encoded phase. Applications of the proposed method to estim ate wall shear stress and vorticity from MR phase velocity m easurem ents are described and results from a series of vali­ dation studies are presented. The influence of out-of-plane geometry on the flow field in arte ria l bypass grafts is assessed by comparing two idealised model geometries: a p lanar and a non-planar configuration under steady and time-varying flow. Procedures for the acquisition of three-dim ensional bypass graft geometries by MRI and their transform ation to a computer-aided-design (CAD) representation are described. Stereolithographic replicas of bypass graft geometries (an in vivo extracted femoro-tibial distal anastomosis and an ex vivo imaged aorto-coronary distal anastomosis) and silicon negative models were fabricated for use in MRI flow studies. The effect of flow pulsatility on the flow fea­ tu res in the realistic aorto-coronary distal anastom osis model is investigated by com­ paring the flow field generated by a sinusoidal (single harmonic) and a physiological (multi-harmonic) waveform. The influence of the distal-proxim al graft outflow division on the distal anastomotic sinus flow field in the femoro-tibial bypass graft model is examined. Finally, an account of the results from the comparative studies is given, and the physiological implications of the flow features of note are discussed.
Context and social exchange: perceived ethical climate strengthens the relationships between perceived organizational support and organizational identification and commitment

Abstract Effective human resource management involves maximizing the value gained from human resource practices and policies. Past research shows that practices and policies are beneficial because they strengthen the employer-employee relationship. We help contextualize research on this important relationship by exploring the moderating effect of perceived ethical climate on the relationships between perceived organizational support and three cognitive and affective employee outcomes: organizational identification, affective organizational commitment, and job-induced tension. We argue that ethical climate perceptions shape the attributions employees make about perceived organizational support and, consequently, how they respond to support perceptions. Drawing on a study of 254 employees from a health care organization, we find that perceived ethical climate strengthens the positive relationships between perceived organizational support and organizational identification and affective organizational commitment, respectively. These results suggest that employee perceptions of an organization’s ethical climate can be instrumental in their cognitive and affective organization-related responses, but not their affective job-related responses, to perceived organizational support. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our work.
Surfacing the Deeper Human Aspects of Reform: The Role of Power, Identity, and Emotion

Scholars have examined why successful reform often remains elusive in the public sector. These perspectives have focused on how the structure of many public sector systems complicates top-down implementation, as actors respond to reforms based on their own understandings, interpretations, and interests. Across three papers in this dissertation, I build upon prior work by exploring how power dynamics, social identity, and emotions shape how individuals, groups, and organizations respond to reform. The first study draws on interviews with 77 actors across role levels in two states that were implementing education reforms as part of Race to the Top. Findings uncovered how power and identity dynamics divided “higher ups” in district offices and state agencies and “lower down” teachers and school leaders. Higher ups were able to break power and identity barriers to mitigate the negative consequences of this divide by conveying respect, humility, and empathy in their interactions with educators. The second study examined a prison that had recently implemented a new unit dedicated to rehabilitative practices and draws on 25 interviews with correctional officers, operational managers, and senior leaders, as well as 56 hours of observation of routine work activities, staff meetings, and training sessions. The first paper examined how officers in the rehabilitative unit took on fundamentally new roles that conflicted with core elements of the traditional correctional officer identity. This role-redefining reform succeeded when the new form of emotional labor
Prenatal Testosterone In Mind Amniotic Fluid Studies

Will reading habit influence your life? Many say yes. Reading prenatal testosterone in mind amniotic fluid studies is a good habit; you can develop this habit to be such interesting way. Yeah, reading habit will not only make you have any favourite activity. It will be one of guidance of your life. When reading has become a habit, you will not make it as disturbing activities or as boring activity. You can gain many benefits and importances of reading.
A New Application of Vector Based Current Regulator for STATCOM to Improve Dynamic Performance of DFIG

Wind turbine generator (WTG) installation has been rapidly growing globally in the last few years. In the year of 2017, the WTG installation has reached a global cumulative installation of about 539 GW. Among several types of WTG, the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) has been taking a large portion of the overall WTG installation since 2004. This popularity is due to the DFIG several advantages that include more extracted energy when compared with the fixed speed type and low cost due to the one-third size of the used converters when compared to the full converter type. However, the DFIG is vulnerable to grid faults. In this paper, a new application of Vector Based Hysteresis Current Regulator (VBHCR) of STATCOM is introduced to enhance the dynamic performance of DFIG-based wind turbine farm. The system under study is investigated using Matlab. Robustness of the proposed VBHCR is investigated through exploring the system performance under various levels of voltage sags. Simulation results show that for certain level of voltage sags at the point of common coupling (PCC), VBHCR-STATCOM can effectively improve the performance of the DFIG. As a result, voltage profile at the PCC can comply with the fault ride through codes of Spain to avoid the disconnection of the DFIGs from the grid. Streszczenie. Zaprezentowano nowy sterownik do turbiny wiatrowej DFIG – Vector Based Hysteresis Current Regulator VBHCR systemu STATCOM umożliwiający poprawę dynamiki. Zbadano pracę układu przy różnych poziomach zapadu napięcia. Stwierdzono poprawę dynamiki i zabezpieczenie przed odłączeniem generatora od sieci. Nowe zastosowanie regulatora VBHCR systemu STATCOM do poprawy dynamiki generatora DFIG,.
Traffic Routing Optimization using Ant Colony Optimization

Traffic congestion is one of the main problems in traffic system and it occurs on most cities around the world. This project focuses on solving recurring congestion that occurs in area around Kuala Terengganu city. Traffic routing can be implemented to reduce traffic congestion by finding the best path for a vehicle. Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is applied to optimize traffic routing in this project. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) takes inspiration from the foraging behavior of some ant species and these ants release pheromone on the ground in order to mark some favorable path that should be followed by other ants. S imulation of U rban Mo bility (SUMO) is used for the simulation of traffic congestion and traffic routing. Tra ffic C ontrol I nterface (TraCI) gives the program that is written in Python to access the traffic while the simulation is running and it allows to retrieve values of road travel time and to re-route a vehicle based on the path that is found by ACO. The efficiency of ACO is compared with Dijkstra algorithm. It is found that average travel time for vehicle simulation in ACO perform 30% faster than Dijkstra.
Questions Asked by Male and Female Caregivers of Persons with Stroke in a Web-based Support Group

Adult caregivers of persons with stroke [n=12] from northwest Ohio and southeast Michigan were enrolled for 48 weeks in a study that examined the experience of caring after discharge home. A secondary analysis was used to examine questions asked by male and female caregivers in a Web-based support group. Narrative content analysis of a combined total of 816 email entries, with 95 questions asked by the subjects during their participation in the Web-based discussions, resulted in emerged themes that were drawn to Friedemann’s framework of systematic organization. A difference between the themes expressed in the questions asked by male versus female caregivers was revealed. Coherence, in Friedemann’s terms, emerged as the most prevalent theme for the female caregivers, and system maintenance was the predominant theme expressed by the male caregivers. There were no notable changes in the themes expressed by the male or female caregivers over time.
Cortical 6-9 Hz Oscillation are a Reliable Biomarker of Persistent Pain in Rats

Neural biomarkers of chronic pain offer a potential tool for improving the speed of diagnosis and delivery of treatment for this devastating disease. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pain states are associated with distinct changed in cortical brain waves. We induced neuropathic orofacial pain in female rats by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). In most animals, this resulted in lasting reductions in mechanical sensitivity thresholds, and in lasting increases in facial grimace scores. We recorded electrocortigraphy (ECoG) signals over the neocortex of these rats, before and after CCI-ION, and analyzed these signals with a novel, spectral modelling approach. Consistent with our hypothesis, power in the 6-9 Hz bandwidth of the ECoG was differentially modulated in animals displaying signs of chronic pain. Specifically, development of mechanical hypersensitivity correlated with a decrease in 6-9 Hz power. Furthermore, we show that changes in the power of this oscillation after injury, obtained at the individual animal level, provide a more sensitive marker of pain presence than do traditional between animal comparisons of post-injury oscillatory power. Identification of animals demonstrating chronic-pain behaviors was more accurate when estimates of post-injury oscillatory power were compared against each animal’s own pre-injury baseline than when compared against post-injury power estimates from animals not developing chronic pain. These results highlight the need for establishing individual-specific, “pain-free” baselines from which oscillation disturbances can be measured and which may constitute a reliable, low-cost approach not only for diagnosing chronic pain, but also for identifying individuals likely to transition from acute to chronic pain.
FISH: A New Computer Program for Friendly Introductory Statistics Help

All introductory statistics students must master certain basic descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations and correlations. Students must also gain insight into such complex concepts as the central limit theorem and standard error. This article introduces and describes the Friendly Introductory Statistics Help (FISH) computer program, which is free and easy‐to‐use software designed to help students learn such introductory statistical concepts.
Trophic selectivity in aquatic isopods increases with the availability of resources

1. Trophic selectivity has major influences on consumers’ fitness, stability of predator and prey populations, and nutrient fluxes in food webs. Trophic selectivity occurs when the relative abundances of resources in a consumer's diet differ from their relative abundances in the environment. This discrepancy between resources abundance and use has been predicted to increase with the availability of resources in the environment. Trophic selectivity has also been predicted to increase with the heterogeneity of resources quality in the environment. Despite their ecological and evolutionary implications, conclusive in situ tests of these predictions are still lacking. 2 . We challenged these two predictions by studying 15 closely related species of isopods distributed along a wide range of resource availability (from 1.3 to 57.6 grams of organic carbon per square meter). The dataset ranged from deep cave systems, considered as some of the most resource-limited environments on Earth, to highly-productive surface streams. 3 . For each species, we quantified the relative abundance of all available resources in the environment and estimated the heterogeneity in the stoichiometric quality of these resources. Isopod diet was determined using C and N stable isotopes and a Bayesian mixing model. The degree of trophic selectivity was then calculated for each species. 4 . By coupling a standardized quantification of trophic resources with a fine determination of diets using stable isotopes, we uncovered a positive relationship between resource availability and trophic selectivity. Contrary to our second prediction, trophic selectivity did not correlate with the heterogeneity of resources quality. 5 . Our results have important implications in trophic ecology by highlighting that resource availability was a main driver of trophic choices in aquatic invertebrates across a broad range of environments. These findings call for further evaluation of the mechanisms (e.g. trophic competition) causing the positive relationship between trophic selectivity and resource 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 47
A UNIFIED PERSPECTIVE ON EFFICIENCY, REDISTRIBUTION, AND PUBLIC POLICY

Specialized theoretical and empirical research should in principle be embedded in a unified framework that identifies the relevant interactions among different phenomena, enables an appropriate matching of policy instruments to objectives, and grounds normative analysis in individuals’ utilities and a social welfare function. This article advances an approach that both provides integration across many dimensions and contexts and also identifies which tasks may be undertaken separately and how such analysis should be conducted so as to be consistent with the underlying framework. It employs the distribution-neutral methodology and welfare analysis developed in Kaplow (2008a) and related work, offering applications to income taxation, commodity taxation, tax expenditures, externalities, public goods, capital income and wealth taxation, social security and retirement savings, estate and gift taxation, and transfer programs. It also explores welfare criteria and examines how their consideration enables the normative analysis of the taxation of families, heterogeneous preferences, and tax administration and enforcement.
First principle calculations study of AlN surface terminal structure evolution under different conditions

The surface structure and properties of aluminum nitride (AlN) play an important role in many applications. Using the first principle calculations method, we analyzed the surface terminal structure of AlN and its evolution under different conditions by determining the surface energy, adsorption energy, and evaporation energy of the Al and N terminals on the AlN(0001) surface. Our results show that the reason why the N terminal is less stable than the Al terminal is not only because of its high surface energy but also because its adsorption performance is extremely sensitive to the adsorption position. The surface N atoms combine to form N2 molecules that escape during the evaporation process at high temperature. After surface N atoms escape, the AlN surface structure reconstitutes to form a 3×3−R30° hexagonal closest packing (HCP)–like structure, and the energy barrier for the reconstructing process is 3.2 eV. This shows that the structure and form of the AlN(0001) terminals depend on the environmental conditions.
Comparative Study on Phenotypic Differences in Eothenomys Miletus Under Food Restriction and Refeeding Between Xianggelila and Jianchuan from Hengduan Mountain Regions

Body mass regulation may be appeared regional differences, in order to investigate the physiological and behavioral changes in Eothenomys miletus from Shanggelila (XGLL) and Jianchuan (JC) under food restriction (FR) and refeeding (Re), body mass, food intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), serum leptin levels, hypothalamic neuropeptides expression and activity behavior were measured. The results showed that areas and FR had significant effects on body mass, food intake, RMR, activity behavior, serum leptin levels, hypothalamic neuropeptides expression, masses of liver and small intestine in E. miletus. Body mass and serum leptin levels in XGLL were lower than that of JC, food intake, activity behavior, liver mass and RMR in XGLL were higher relative to in JC. All the indexes of the two areas of E. miletus can be restored to control levels after refeeding, showing phenotypic plasticity. In conclusion, physiological and behavioral characteristics illustrated that the influences of food and different regions on phenotypic plasticity, which had important significance for in-depth understanding of the survival and adaptation strategies of E. miletus in Hengduan mountain regions.
Looking for New Paths to Realize Cross-Sector Collaboration for Urban Regeneration: The Case of Castel del Giudice (Italy)

New processes of urbanization have recently led to a concentration of inhabitants in big cities and a consequent depopulation of marginal areas. In Italy, this phenomenon has also affected mountain regions, which are still facing dramatic depopulation and economic depression. The incapacity of public administrations to remedy this public problem has recently led to the introduction of new forms of collaborations with actors belonging to diverse jurisdictional areas (governmental institutions, private companies, no-profit organizations, and local communities). These forms of partnership can be defined as cross sector collaborations and, in the case of community involvement, can also be arranged as community-based enterprises (CBEs). In this paper, we investigate the capacity of CBEs to be an effective instrument for cross-sector collaboration in the field of urban regeneration. In particular, by applying a specific analysis model inspired by the framework elaborated by Bryson, Crosby, and Stone (2015), we analyze an Italian experience of community engagement promoted in Castel Del Giudice, a small town in the Southern Apennines. Through document analysis and an interview method, the paper gives a twofold contribution to the field. Firstly, it provides a rigorous exploration of the preconditions, processes, structures, and results of a successful case of cross-sector collaboration. Secondly, it offers elements to assess potentiality and points of criticisms of CBEs to promote urban regeneration policies. In this sense, we conclude that the creation of a community-based network represents a second level of cross sector-collaboration that can potentiate the capacity to pursue the community interest.
NVRH-LUT: A nonvolatile radiation-hardened hybrid MTJ/CMOS-basedlook-up table for ultralow power and highly reliable FPGA designs

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) downscaling leads to various challenges, such as high leakage current and increase in radiation sensitivity. To solve such challenges, hybrid MTJ/CMOS technology-based design has been considered as a very promising approach thanks to the high speed, low power, good scalability, and full compatibility of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices with CMOS technology. One important application of MTJs is the efficient utilization in building nonvolatile look-up tables (NV-LUTs) used in reconfigurable logic. However, NV-LUTs face severe reliability issues in nanotechnology due to the increasing process variations, reduced supply voltage, and high energetic particle strike at sensitive nodes of CMOS circuits. This paper proposes a nonvolatile radiation-hardened look-up table (NVRH-LUT) for advanced reconfigurable logic. Compared with previous works, the proposed NVRH-LUT is fully robust against single-event upsets and also single-event double-node upsets that are among the main reliability-challenging issues for NV-LUTs. Results have shown that NVRH-LUT not only provides increasing reliability and reduced bit error rate but also offers low delay and low energy consumption.