Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Light-dependent herbicides: an overview

Activities of a surprisingly large number of herbicide families are directly or indirectly influenced by light. Herbicide mechanisms that are dependent on light or are enhanced by light fall into several different categories. These herbicides inhibit electron flow in photosystem II in the photosynthetic light reaction (e.g., triazines, phenyl ureas, and uracils), capture electrons in photosystem I in the photosynthetic light reaction (e.g., bipyridiniums such as paraquat), inhibit glutamine synthetase in the nitrogen assimilation pathway (e.g., glufosinate), inhibit protoporphyrinogen oxidase during chlorophyll biosynthesis (e.g., diphenyl ethers [DPEs] and N-phenyl heterocycles), directly inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis by inhibiting one of the desaturase enzymes (e.g., norflurazon and fluridone), or indirectly inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis by inhibiting a quinone cofactor involved in the desaturase reaction (e.g., triketones and isoxazoles). Surprisingly, in all instances the involvement of light in herbicide action is not a direct interaction of light and herbicide at the primary site of action. In addition, the events that cause tissue damage (necrosis) are not associated with the primary target and are always due to membrane damage caused by lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Review: Improving nitrogen use efficiency of potted chrysanthemum: Strategies and benefits

MacDonald, W. N. , Blom, T. J., Tsujita, M. J. and Shelp, B. J. 2013. Review: Improving nitrogen use efficiency of potted chrysanthemum: Strategies and benefits. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1009-1016. Floricultural greenhouse operations can pose significant environmental risk due to the leaching and runoff of nutrients such as . To face this challenge, Ontario growers have adopted recirculating systems, such as the subirrigated “ebb and flow” system, on benches, troughs and concrete floors. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is the most commonly grown floricultural greenhouse crop species in the world and the potted type is well adapted to subirrigation. Reduction of N fertilization towards the end of the crop cycle is generally recommended to improve the shelf life of cut and potted plants, but it is uncertain how this practice influences the N status of the plant and the electrical conductivity of the growing medium. In this review, we discuss N use efficiency and strategies for managing the status of plants, and then propose that this knowledge can help to improve the N use efficiency of potted chrysanthemum grown with subirrigation under greenhouse conditions.
Long-term S-fertilization increases carbon sequestration in a sulfur-deficient soil

Giweta, M. , Dyck, M. F. , Malhi, S. S. , Puurveen, D. and Robertson, J. A. 2014. Long-term S-fertilization increases carbon sequestration in a sulfur-deficient soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 295-301. We analyzed the change in total soil organic carbon (SOC) in a long-term fertilization experiment (1980-2008) in a wheat-oat-barley-hay-hay rotation system at the University of Alberta Breton Classical plots. Soil samples were taken in 1980, 1990, 1998, 2003 and 2008 from plots that were fertilized with NPKS and NPK. The objective was to compare the relative effect of S fertilization on the SOC stocks in a S-deficient soil. Long-term S fertilization resulted in an increasing trend in soil organic carbon concentrations over 28 yr when N, P and K supply were adequate. The change in SOC with time was significantly different (P<0.05) between the two treatments. Annual application of NPK in combination with S resulted in an increased accumulation of SOC at a rate of 0.11 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in the 0- to 15-cm depth over NPK alone. Our results suggest that long-term S fertilization in an S-deficient soil helped to sequester C in the soil.
Noise suppression in depth map for improved background segmentation

ABSTRACT — In this paper, we propose a new model of noise in depth map received from Microsoft Kinect. This model is based on analyzing the stability of pixels during a duration of time. Noise pixels then will be detected and their values will be recovered using knowledge of measured values. We can see a significant improvement of this denoising method qualitatively. Finally, we have conducted an extensive experiments to show the effectiveness of the method in an application of background segmentation. The experimental results show that thanks to the denoising step, the accuracy of background segmentation is increased from 75% to 83%. Keywords — Depth map, Noise suppression, Background Subtraction. I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, Microsoft Kinect has become a very commode device in many area including computer vision, robotics human interaction, augmented reality. The most advantage of this device is its low-cost while providing depth information of the scene. However, the depth information is quite noisy that decreases the performance of latter processing (background subtraction, human detection, and tracking). Therefore, for an efficient use of depth map from Kinect, it is necessary to suppress noise. To remove noise, the characteristics of noise should be explored and analyzed. Recently, researchers have shown an increased variance in depth as the distance between the sensor and observed surface increases [3, 4]. In [2], the authors proposed a noise model, that bases not only on axial but also lateral component. These components are varied following the distance and angle to the observed surface. In this paper, we quantify the stability of a depth pixel during time to correct its value in an adaptive manner. As results, noise pixels are strongly removed. We apply this method of noise suppression for background subtraction and observe a significant improvement of results. The remaining of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 explains the proposed method to remove noise from depth map. Section 3 shows the performance of noise suppression in a background subtraction problem. Section 4 concludes and gives ideas for future works.
An Image Fusion Method Based on Multi-Resolution Segmentation

Image fusion method is a technology for synthesizing the information coming from multi original images of the same scene.Present region-based fusion methods can be classified into two classes: one class is to segment low-low frequency part of the highest layer to instruct the fusion of all layers;the other is multi-resolution segmentation method which is too difficult to meet the real-time requirement.Therefore,this paper develops a multi-resolution segmentation based fusion method.Its main characteristic is multi resolution segmentation.Its steps are: firstly it decomposes the original images by multi-resolution based on wavelet transform;secondly it segments low-low frequency part of each layer into different regions;finally it uses the region information of each layer to instruct the fusion of each layer,respectively.Simulation experiment indicates that the performance of this multi-resolution segmentation based image fusion method is better than those of the ordinary window-based fusion method and of the region-based fusion method only for segmentation of low-low frequency part of the highest layer.
Thermal Death Kinetics of Fifth-instar Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract Heat treatments have been suggested as alternatives to chemical fumigants for control of postharvest insects in dried fruits and nuts. Conventional forced hot air treatments heat product too slowly to be practical, but radio frequency treatments are capable of more rapid product heating. While developing radio frequency heat treatments for dried fruits and nuts, the heat tolerance of nondiapausing and diapausing fifth-instar larvae of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), was determined using a heating block system developed by Washington State University. Both a 0.5th order kinetic model and a classical empirical model were used to estimate lethal exposure times for temperatures of 44–52°C for nondiapausing fifth-instar larvae. We obtained 95% mortality at exposures suitable for practical radio frequency treatments (≤5 min) with temperatures of 50 and 52°C. Diapausing larvae were significantly more tolerant than nondiapausing larvae at the lowest treatment temperature and shortest exposure, but differences were not significant at more extreme temperature-time combinations. Previous studies showed that fifth-instar larvae of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), were more heat tolerant than either diapausing or nondiapausing Indianmeal moth larvae. Consequently, efficacious treatments for navel orangeworm would also control Indianmeal moth.
Review: Microsite characteristics influencing weed seedling recruitment and implications for recruitment modeling

Bullied, W. J., Van Acker, R. C. and Bullock, P. R. 2012. Review: Microsite characteristics influencing weed seedling recruitment and implications for recruitment modeling. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 627-650. A weed seedling recruitment microsite is the location of a weed seed in the soil profile which affects germination, time of emergence and seedling establishment. The relationship between the recruitment of seedlings and their physical environment, including microclimate, soil, topography, and residue cover can provide the key to understanding the timing of seedling recruitment. The variability that exists in germination and establishment requirements within and among weed species raises important questions for recruitment research addressing multiple species, as well as regional models of genetic variability within species. Current weed recruitment research focuses mainly on summer annual species in annual cropping systems. However, with changes in cropping systems, climate, and weed biology, there will be an increasing demand for the management of both summer and winter annual weeds that develop very early in the spring. Many studies to date take an average of microsite conditions, particularly for soil depth, to describe the seedling recruitment zone. Whereas this practice of under-sampling expedites lengthy and difficult soil environmental measurements, it limits the description of the microsite for predictive purposes. Because soil disturbance disperses seeds to microsites throughout the vertical profile of the shallow seedling recruitment zone, seeds are subjected to gradients of temperature and water that create diverse microsites with depth in the recruitment zone. Research on the interactions of microclimate, field topography, soil properties and agronomic practices can further our knowledge base of the seedling recruitment microsite to better understand weed ecology and population dynamics generally, as well as enhance our ability to predict seedling recruitment specifically.
Molecular evidence for non-monophyly of the pinnotheroid crabs (Crustacea : Brachyura : Pinnotheroidea), warranting taxonomic reappraisal

The crabs of the family Pinnotheridae are well known as commensals or parasites, mainly of molluscs and tubeworms. The phylogeny of the group, however, is poorly understood, with preliminary morphological and molecular studies questioning itsmonophyly.Hereweusedmolecular geneticmarkers (16S, 12Smitochondrial; histone 3 nuclear) to infer a phylogeny for the family Pinnotheridae De Haan, 1833 to reevaluate the phylogeny and systematics at the level of its subfamilies and genera. Our molecular phylogeny indicated that Parapinnixa cortesi Thoma, Heard, & Vargas, 2005, Parapinnixa hendersoni Rathbun, 1918, Pinnotherelia laevigata H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1844, Sakaina yokoyai (Glassell, 1933), Tetrias fischerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) and Tetrias scabripes Rathbun, 1898 should be removed from the family Pinnotheridae, while composition of the present subfamilies, Pinnotherinae De Haan, 1833 and Pinnothereliinae Alcock, 1900, must be revised. At generic level, Clypeasterophilus Campos, 1990, Dissodactylus Smith, 1870, Fabia Dana, 1851, NepinnotheresManning, 1993 and PinnixaWhite, 1846 were not monophyletic in our analyses. With the exclusion of Pinnotherelia from Pinnotheridae, remaining species of Pinnothereliinae are assigned to Pinnixinae Štev ci c, 2005, a new subfamily based upon revision and elevation of rank for the tribe Pinnixini Štev ci c, 2005. In addition, we restructure membership of the subfamily Pinnotherinae and propose Pinnixulalinae, subfam. nov. to accommodate species that were excluded by molecular analyses from the other two subfamilies. These have a firm, wider-than-long carapace with clearly defined regions, strong legs that are usually tuberculate and very setose, and a third maxilliped with an elongate ischiomerus in which the ischium and merus may or may not be indistinguishably fused. Our analyses included 169 pinnotherid exemplars, representing almost half of the genera and about a quarter of the species presently recognised for the family. The relationships within and among some taxa are resolved to greater or lesser extent and the phylogenetic biodiversity of pinnotherid crabs is revealed. However, future publications will most likely result in a further increase in the number of taxa. Received 11 June 2015, accepted 7 October 2015, published online 16 March 2016
Generation of soil drainage equations from an artificial neural network-analysis approach

Zhao, Z. , MacLean, D. A. , Bourque, C. P.-A. , Swift, D. E. and Meng, F. -R. 2013. Generation of soil drainage equations from an artificial neural network-analysis approach. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 329-342. Soil properties, especially soil drainage, are known to be related to topo-hydrologic variables derived from digital elevation models (DEM), such as vertical slope position, slope steepness, sediment delivery ratio, and topographic wetness index. Such relationships typically are strongly non-linear and thus difficult to define with conventional statistical methods. In this study, we used artificial neural network (ANN) models to establish relationships between soil drainage classes and DEM-generated topo-hydrologic variables and subsequently formulated the relationships to generate soil drainage equations for soil mapping. A high-resolution field soil map of the Black Brook Watershed in northwest New Brunswick, Canada, was used to calibrate/validate the ANN models, and the obtained equations. Independent data from an experimental farm, about 180 km away, were also used for validation. Results indicated that vertical slope position was the best predictor of soil drainage classes (r=0.55), followed by slope steepness (r=0.44), sediment delivery ratio (r=0.39), and topographic wetness index (r=0.38). The obtained soil drainage equations fitted well to the ANN model predictions (r 2=0.78-0.99; root mean squared error=0.39-4.55). Analyses indicated that soil drainage equations clearly reflected the actual relationships between soil drainage classes and DEM-generated topo-hydrologic variables, and have the potential to minimize bias originated from over-training the ANN models when applied outside the area of calibration, especially when the ranges of input variables were outside of the range of calibration data.
Aliasing in signature analysis testing with multiple-input shift-registers

Signature analysis with multiple-input shift registers (MISRs) is often used to realize efficient built-in self-test of digital VLSI circuits. The authors present a statistical theory that explains the dependence of aliasing probability on the main MISR features, such as length and feedback network, and thus makes it possible to prove criteria for the MISR design. The assumption of independent errors at the register inputs is used to model the register behavior as a Markov process, whose equations are then solved to obtain the exact dependence of aliasing probability as a function of test length, input error probabilities, and feedback structure. <<ETX>>
Power Optimization in Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Short-Term Power Constraints

This paper considers a downlink Cell-Free Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, where a large number of access points (APs) simultaneously serving a small number of users in the same time-frequency resource. To give uniformly good service to all users, this paper proposes a power optimization algorithm using max-min criterion for Cell-Free Massive MIMO system with normalized conjugate beamforming (CB) precoder, which satisfies short-term average power constraints (STPCs) at the APs. Then a comprehensive performance comparison between normalized CB and conventional CB precoders is performed under uncorrelated shadow fading conditions, with and without power optimization. Nu-merical results indicate that this proposed power optimization algorithm together with normalized CB precoder can improve the per-user rate significantly. With max-min power allocation, normalized CB precoder always behaves better than conventional CB precoder. Specifically, under uncorrelated shadow fading conditions, using both optimal power allocation and normalized CB precoder can provide 1.16-fold improvement in 5%-outage per-user rate over conventional CB scheme. In addition, this proposed power allocation technique improves the sum rate with high probability for both normalized and conventional CB precoders.
Research progress of image haze grade evaluation and dehazing technology

Image dehazing is a technique for the foggy image sharpening processing. The task is to remove the effect of environmental factors on image quality, so as to enhance the image visibility. Firstly, the study and classification of haze image properties are discussed, and further the research status of image dehazing technology are summarized, such as typical method of histogram equalization algorithm, Retinex algorithm and evaluate dark channel prior algorithm, the performance of these various algorithms and there respective advantages and disadvantages. The development trend of image dehazing and future prospects finally put forward in the paper.
Swami—the next generation biology workbench

The development of bioinformatics produces more and more databases and biology softwares.When the researchers use the biological tools,it will waste a lot of time to deal with the problems such as transforming the data format and managing the files.In this paper,we present the design and implementation of The Next Generation Biology Workbench—Swami,an interactive,Web-based bioinformatics analysis workbench.It integrates with many popular protein and nucleic acid sequence databases and wide variety of analysis and modeling tools.So swami could make bioinformatics develop further.
THE USE OF CODED MICROWIRE TAGS IN MARK-RECAPTURE STUDIES OF JUVENILE CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTER, PANULIRUS ARGUS

Abstract To evaluate the suitability of using coded microwire tags (CWTs) to mark early-benthic-stage Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, we compared the survival, growth, and feeding of tagged and untagged lobsters held in the laboratory through the first five juvenile molts. We also examined the growth of 65 microwire-tagged lobsters released into the wild as early-benthic-stage juveniles. Tag retention rates of lobsters held in the laboratory were 86% for those tagged as first-stage juveniles and 96% for those tagged as second-stage juveniles; virtually all tag loss was confined to the first post-tag molt. Survival and growth rates of tagged second-stage juveniles in the laboratory did not significantly differ from those of untagged lobsters, but first-stage-tagged juveniles had lower growth rates than untagged lobsters did and a 25% post-tagging mortality rate. The mean growth rate of juveniles released into the wild was 0.82 mm CL/wk, but growth differed by season; no sex- or habitat-specific differences in growth were observed. Data obtained from these recaptured lobsters provide the first detailed estimates of growth of P. argus under natural conditions during the earliest part of their benthic life and illustrate the potential usefulness of coded microwire tags in mark-recapture investigations of juveniles for this and other species.
Influence of Antimicrobial Agents on the Spoilage of a Meat-Based Entomophage Diet

Themicrobial decomposition of a meat-based entomophage diet presented in ParaÞlm packets was investigated. Considerable bacteria but not fungi were associated with components used to prepare the diet (i.e., hensÕ eggs, liver, and ground beef). At the initial sampling time, there were no differences among diet treatments in the size of bacterial or fungal populations. Bacterial populations in diets not containing antibacterial agents rapidly increased and reached an asymptote by 24 h ( 10 colony-forming units per gram). Bacterial populations also increased in diets containing antibacterial agents, but they were signiÞcantly smaller than in diets not containing antibacterial agents. Themost prevalent bacteria isolatedwereCarnobacteriumpiscicola,Carnobacteriumdivergens, Lactobacillus curvatus,Lactobacillus sakei,Leuconostocmesenteroides, andEnterococcus spp. , regardless of the antibacterial treatment used. The proliferation of fungi was delayed relative to bacteria, but signiÞcant differences were observed among the diet treatments. Fungi weremost inhibited by sorbic acid and propionic acid in the absence of antibacterial agents. The most common fungi isolated were the yeasts Candida zeylanoides, Torulaspora globosa, and Yarrowia lipolytica. The pH of diets not containing antibacterial agents decreased rapidly andwas highly correlated with increases in bacteria but not fungi. The results of this study demonstrate that antimicrobial agents signiÞcantly inhibit spoilage microorganisms in a meat-based diet and that alternative management strategies to delay the decomposition of such diets presented in ParaÞlm packets should target lactic acid spoilage bacteria, particularly Carnobacterium and Lactobacillus species.
A NOVEL PROPOSAL FOR MAINTENANCE OF DYNAMIC FUNCTIONS ON CLOUD DATA

Many works were suggested in a variety of types of threat to achieve various benefits for search for example single keyword search, multi-keyword rated search, and so forth. Of these works, multi-keyword manner of rated search has gotten more importance because of its realistic usefulness. We submit a safe and secure search method which is dependant on the tree above encoded cloud information, also it manages multi-keyword search in addition to dynamic process on assortment of documents. For acquiring of high search effectiveness, we develop a tree-based index structure and propose an formula based on the index tree. The forecasted plan is recognized as to provide multi-keyword query in addition to precise result ranking, additionally dynamic update above document collections. Due to important structure of tree-based index, forecasted search system will effectively get sub-straight line search some time and manage the entire process of deletion in addition to insertion of documents.