Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive and polymorphic VLIW processor to dynamically balance performance, energy consumption, and fault tolerance

Performance is no longer the only optimization goal when designing a new processor. Reducing energy consumption is also mandatory: while most of the embedded devices are heavily dependent on battery power, General-Purpose Processors (GPPs) are being pulled back by the limits of Thermal Design Power (TDP). Moreover, due to technology scaling, soft error rate (i.e., transient faults) has been increasing in modern processors, which affects the reliability of both space and ground-level systems. In addition, most traditional homogeneous and heterogeneous processors have a fixed design, which limits its runtime adaptability. Therefore, they are not able to cope with the changing application behavior when one considers the axes of fault tolerance, performance, and energy consumption altogether. In this context, we propose two processor designs that are able to trade-off these three axes according to the application at hand and system requirements. Both designs rely on an instruction duplication with rollback mechanism that can detect and correct errors and a power gating module to reduce the energy consumption of the functional units. The former design, called adaptive processor, uses thresholds defined at design time to allow runtime adaptation of the application’s execution and controls the application’s Instruction-Level Parallelism (ILP) to create more slots for duplication or power gating. The latter design (polymorphic processor) takes the former one step further by dynamically reconfiguring the hardware and evaluating different processor configurations for each application, and it also exploits the available pipelanes to maximize the number of applications that are executed concurrently. For the adaptive processor using an energy-oriented configuration, it is possible, on average, to reduce energy consumption by 37.2% with an overhead of only 8.2% in performance, while maintaining low levels of failure rate, when compared to a fault-tolerant design. For the polymorphic processor, results show that the dynamic reconfiguration of the processor is able to efficiently match the hardware to the behavior of the application, according to the requirements of the designer, achieving 94.88% of the result of an oracle processor when the trade-off between the three axes is considered. On the other hand, the best static configuration only achieves 28.24% of the oracle’s result.
A new late Pleistocene subfossil site (Tsaramody, Sambaina basin, central Madagascar) with implications for the chronology of habitat and megafaunal community change on Madagascar's Central Highlands

Madagascar is a complex ‘biodiversity hotspot’ with a rapidly dwindling biota. The Late Quaternary subfossil record includes many extinct species whose loss is attributed to natural climate change and human impacts. Investigation of the chronology of these events is challenging because few localities document pre‐Holocene communities not impacted by humans. Caves with extinct lemurs of large body size comprise some of Madagascar's richest subfossil sites, but provide only a limited window into the island's past. Open highland sites may have fewer primates, but may better document other megafauna, and allow the analysis of the role of the Central Highlands as refugia and as corridors for the dispersal of vertebrates before and after human arrival. Here we present a new subfossil site, Tsaramody (Sambaina basin, Central Madagascar), a high‐altitude wetland area that preserves a diverse late glacial and postglacial vertebrate community. Tsaramody bears testimony to fluctuations in the highland flora during the transition from glacial to postglacial conditions, and the composition of a highland vertebrate community before humans arrived. We compare its biota to those of other sites to begin to document the decline and disappearance of megafauna from some of Madagascar's open ecosystems – wetlands dominated by hippopotamuses and crocodylians. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of postfire grass seeding on vegetation recovery in southern California chaparral

2Ecologist, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507. 3 Fire Ecologist, Vegetation Management and Protection Research, USDA Forest Service, PO Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090. 4 Geographer/Hydrologist, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507. Postfire grass seeding as an attempt at erosion control on chaparral slopes has been a common practice for decades. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) has been most frequently used. Critics point out that ryegrass can suppress native species and may reduce shrub seedling survival. In 1986, we began investigating the impacts of seeded ryegrass on chaparral regeneration. We gathered prefire vegetation data on sites scheduled to be burned in wildfire­ intensity prescribed fires. After four prescribed fires and a wildfire, half of the vegetation plots at each site were seeded with annual ryegrass, and vegetation cover, composition, and shrub seedling density were measured each spring for 5 years. At only one site was average total herbaceous plant cover significantly greater on seeded plots than on unseeded plots. At all sites, average herbaceous plant cover other than ryegrass was less on seeded plots in at least one postfire year. Mean shrub seedling density was never significantly different between seeded and unseeded plots. After 5 years, surviving shrub seedling density appeared to be sufficient to replace plants killed by fire. Our results suggest that seeded ryegrass has a greater impact on the chaparral postfire herbaceous flora than on shrub seedling regeneration in southern California.
The effects of Response to Intervention on reducing the numbers of African American students in special education

v List of Figures . viii List of Tables . ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Problem . 1 Purpose of the Study . 2 Significance of the Study . 3 Research Question . 3 Key Terms . 3 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature . 4 Background . 4 Response to Intervention.4 Response to Intervention Versus the Discrepancy Model . 5 Overrepresentation of Minorities in Special Education . 7 How can RTI Help . 9 Concerns . 12 Conclusion . 13 Chapter 3: Methodology . 14 Setting and Participants.14 Procedures . 14 Variables . 15 Data Analysis . 16 vii Table of
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF RICE CROP DAMAGE POST TITLI CYCLONE IN SRIKAKULAM, ANDHRA PRADESH USING GEO-SPATIAL TECHNIQUES

Abstract. Mapping the extent of damage due to natural calamities remains one of the thrust areas in monitoring resource inventory through geo-spatial techniques. The effect of the cyclone ‘Titli’ and heavy rains during first fortnight of October 2018 in Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh State has been demonstrated using geo-spatial technology in terms of flood inundated rice area and corresponding yield and production loss. The pre- and post-cyclone (5 and 13 October 2018) flood inundation maps were generated using Sentinel-1A and TerraSAR-X Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data respectively. The pre-cyclone rice area estimates were derived from multi-temporal Sentinel-1A SAR data, while yield forecast is based on the combination of satellite observations and yield simulation using ORYZA crop growth model. An intensive ground truth data collection had been carried out for the validation of satellite-derived rice area estimation of pre-cyclone event. An accuracy assessment has been carried out for district, mandal and village level. An overall accuracy of 96% with kappa coefficient 0.92 has been achieved. With the help map flood inundation and rice area maps, mandal-wise flood affected rice area and corresponding yield loss have been estimated. The post-cyclone ground truth data had been collected for quantitative assessment of crop damaged area. An overall accuracy of the flood affected rice map was 85% with kappa coefficient 0.70. It was estimated that rice crop damage assessment with SAR data indicated 53312 ha out of 205174 ha were affected and corresponding estimated yield as well as production are 0.8 t/ha and 189160 t respectively.
Bridging the belief-action gap in a teachers’ professional learning community on teaching of thinking

ABSTRACT This study aims at exploring the influence of The Alliance of Thinking Schools, a multi-regional, researcher-practitioner partnered teachers’ professional learning community (PLC) on the teaching of thinking in China, on bridging teachers’ belief-action gap. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the relationships between teachers’ beliefs about learning, participation in the PLC, engagement in learning, and engagement in practice. A total of 478 teachers from 39 schools participated in this study. A questionnaire adapted from existing studies and verified with confirmatory factor analysis was sent to these teachers. Structural Equation Model revealed that: (a) teachers’ beliefs about learning had no significant direct effects on their engagement in learning, but had significant indirect effects mediated by their participation in the PLC; (b) teachers’ beliefs about learning had significant effects on their engagement in practice, both directly and mediated by their participation in the PLC; and (c) teachers’ engagement in practice had significant direct effects on their engagement in learning, but cannot be reversed. The findings of this study confirmed the existence of a belief-action gap in teacher’ continuing learning with empirical evidence. The findings also revealed that a well-accepted PLC could help to bridge this gap. Implications for teachers’ continuing learning were discussed.
The Show Must go on! Legitimization Processes Surrounding Certified Fraud Examiners’ Claim to Expertise

This article investigates how the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) sought to gain legitimacy among its members as a group possessing expertise in the prevention and detection of fraud. Using theoretical concepts devised by Goffman [1959. The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday] about performance and impression management, the ACFE’s performance is studied from the perspective of the show put on by the association’s leaders, and through our analysis of the response to this show from its members. Thanks to sophisticated data collection (ethnographic endeavor, interviews with CFEs, and document analysis), we found that the ACFE’s promotional machinery comprises pragmatic, moral, and epistemic claims. Our analysis indicates that pragmatic legitimacy plays a central role in enrolling members as ambassadors of the CFE designation – in spite of the skepticism that they tend to have regarding the association’s moral and epistemic claims. We are therefore confronted with a spread of claims to expertise taking place despite a degree of internal discordance – as if member discomfort with certain aspects of their association’s discourse is immaterial to the construction of the association’s external legitimacy. Ultimately, our findings lead us to reflect on the social value associated with the spread of credentialism in today’s society.
US Risk Premia under Emerging Markets Constraints

USA market is the benchmark for empirical finance and considered the closest example of how an efficient market should behave. On the other hand, divergent results from the observed in the USA are often associated with unreliable and due deviations from efficient hypothesis. However, how would the US market results behave had the data the same constraints as an emerging market economy? To answer that question, we analyze the risk premia market estimation under the typical constraints from emerging equity markets: the small number of assets and the short time-series sample available for estimation. We use parameters of time-series length, number of assets and accounting variables distribution from the Brazilian equity market. Surprisingly, we conclude that the US market risk premia convey the same data features as the Brazilian risk premia if under the same time constraints. Then, we evaluate two potential causes of problems in risk premia estimations with small T: i) small sample bias on betas, and ii) divergence between ex-post and ex-ante risk premia. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we conclude that for the T around 5 years the beta estimates are no longer a problem. However, it is necessary to analyze a time-series sample exceeding 40 years to obtain robust ex-ante risk premia.
The Role of Reflective Teaching for Continuing Professional Development of English Teachers

Reflective teaching is a relatively important issue in the field of teachers’ continue professional development. In this study, the author reviewed previous studies that investigated reflective teaching had positive influence for teachers’ progress in the long run. There were 13 different experiments analyzed in this article. Through a series analysis, five positive impact factors of reflective teaching were extracted: (a) Reflective teaching is correlated with the coefficient of the teacher’s CPD, (b) Teachers using reflective teaching will enhance teaching energy and confidence, (c) Teaching journal writing causes positive effects on the promotion of teaching quality, responsibility and consciousness, (d) Positive reflection attitude, academic qualifications and the overseas study experience promote the efficiency of teacher’s CPD, and (e) Based on group reflective discussions, teachers have more enthusiasm to share their thinking and get some new and creative teaching methods. Whereas, this study also showed that lack of theoretical knowledge restricts the teacher’s autonomous reflection ability. In addition, the researcher pointed three implications are used for teaching in class. Firstly, the reflective consciousness should be cultivated. Secondly, teachers need to focus on the combination of reflection theory and teaching practice. Thirdly, school and society should supply training activities and relax the environment for English teachers to enhance the quality of their reflection.
Efficient Removal of Artifacts from EEG SIGNAL Using Enhanced Hybrid Learning Method

ABSTRACT In this paper, the analysis and removal of artifacts is done by the proposed technique. Normally, ECG is one of the components of artifacts source and EEG is mixed by various artifacts and affects the electroencephalographic data. For further clinical analysis the data preparation is important to minimize the artifacts. In proposed method, Improved Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (IANFIS) and Improved ANFISParticle Swarm Optimization (IANFIS-PSO) algorithms are used to separate the signals of ECG and EEG for eliminating artifacts and to intensify the estimation of EEG signal quality. The pre-processing is done by ennobled quantum based genetic algorithm for fast process of optimization and removal of noise interference. The simulation result shows the improvement in Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), minimum Mean-Square Error (MSE) along with the Power Spectrum Density (PSD) plot, which are used to measure the performance comparison of proposed with existing algorithm. The prospective method performs with more appropriate process of enhanced hybrid learning method and outperforms in minimizing the artifacts of ECG from the corrupted signals of EEG.
Interaction of MJO and diurnal cycle observed by radiosonde data during the first YMC campaign in Bengkulu (November 2017 - January 2018)

The interaction of MJO and diurnal cycle in the Maritime Continent has been identified from previous studies but more observations are needed to understand it clearly. The first campaign of Years of the Maritime Continent (YMC) was conducted in Bengkulu from 16 November 2017 to 15 January 2018. Among various kind of observations, the three-hourly radiosonde sounding was conducted in Bengkulu station during the campaign. This study analyses the radiosonde data to investigate the thermodynamic profile of the mean diurnal cycle (MDC) at different MJO phases. The MDC of potential temperature anomaly (PTA), relative humidity, winds, convective available potential energy (CAPE) and total precipitable water (TPW) in different MJO phases were compared to the MDC values during the campaign (average condition). The obtained MDC PTA has a similar pattern with the results from the Pre-YMC campaign (November - December 2015). During the active MJO phase (3-4), RH is much higher and the zonal westerly wind is up to 6 m/s faster than the average condition at most of the time and elevation below 15 km, and TPW is amplified about 1-4 mm. In contrast, the condition is reversed during inactive MJO phase (1-2). In addition, the CAPE peaks occurred at 06 - 09 UTC and followed by TPW peaks 6 hours later.
Deriving Arctic 2 m air temperatures over snow and ice from
satellite surface temperature measurements

Abstract. The Arctic region is responding heavily to climate change, and yet, the air temperature of ice covered areas in the Arctic is heavily under-sampled when it comes to in situ measurements, resulting in large uncertainties in existing weather- and reanalysis products. This paper presents a method for estimating daily mean clear sky 2 meter air temperatures (T2m) in the Arctic from satellite observations of skin temperature, using the Arctic and Antarctic ice Surface Temperatures from thermal Infrared (AASTI) satellite dataset, providing spatially detailed observations of the Arctic. The method is based on a linear regression model, which has been tuned against in situ observations to estimate daily mean T2m based on clear sky satellite ice surface skin temperatures. The daily satellite derived T2m product includes estimated uncertainties and covers clear sky snow and ice surfaces in the Arctic region during the period 2000–2009, provided on a 0.25 degree regular latitude-longitude grid. Comparisons with independent in situ measured T2m show average biases of 0.30 °C and 0.35 °C and average root mean square errors of 3.47 °C and 3.20 °C for land ice and sea ice, respectively. The associated uncertainties are verified to be very realistic for both land ice and sea ice, using in situ observations. The reconstruction provides a much better spatial coverage than the sparse in situ observations of T2m in the Arctic, is independent of numerical weather prediction model input and it therefore provides an important supplement to simulated air temperatures to be used for assimilation or global surface temperature reconstructions. A comparison between in situ T2m versus T2m derived from satellite and ERA-Interim/ERA5 estimates shows that the T2m derived from satellite observations validate similar or better than ERA-Interim/ERA5 in the Arctic.
Teaching the Construction of Domain Specific Languages

The target of our course advanced functional programming is currently shifting towards the design, use, and the functional implementation techniques for embedded Domains Specific Languages, DSLs. We use a well-known and very simple imperative language as running example to demonstrate the similarities and differences between shallow and deep embeddings of such a language. In this paper we briefly show how this is done and indicate some of the possibilities for teaching. We discuss our experiences with this approach. It appears that this language is not only very suited to illustrate the different approaches to make DSLs, but also an excellent motivation to introduce many advanced functional programming concepts.
Internationalization and innovation performance: the role of family management

The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the relationships among internationalization, family-managed firms and innovation by adopting the theoretical perspective of the resource based-view theory (RBV). Leveraging on the relevance of the firms’ set of resources and in particular on the unique bundle of resources in family firms, specifically the intangible resources, the paper examines how internationalization and family involvement in the management independently, as well as jointly, influence the innovation performance. We provide empirical evidence by using a panel data of roundly 9,000 Spanish manufacturing firms via regression analysis. Firstly, results show that both internationalization and family involvement in the management have a positive effect on innovation performance. Second, by exploring the moderation role of family management, it critically emerges as positive and significant further factor, which emphasizes the effect of internationalization on innovation. Finally, conclusion, limitations and an agenda for further research are discussed.
Palaeoenvironmental changes in slope carbonates across the Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician in western Newfoundland

The Martin Point section (western Newfoundland, Canada) spans the uppermost Cambrian Broom Point and Martin Point members of the Green Point Formation (upper Furongian). The investigated interval (~90 m) consists of rhythmites of thinly‐bedded marine carbonates (lime mudstones) alternating with green and black shale and thin conglomerate beds. Samples were extracted from the micritic carbonates, and their preservation was evaluated by multiple petrographic and geochemical examinations. The δ13Corg profile exhibits a positive shift (~2‰) associated with the globally well‐documented negative δ13Ccarb HERB (Hellnmaria–Red Tops boundary) excursion and correlated with similar distinct shifts in the Al, Si, and ∑REE components, thus suggesting contributions from detrital organic matter relatively depleted in 12C induced likely by a eustatic sea‐level drop and enhancement of terrigenous inputs. Similarly, the δ15Norg variations are consistent with the proposed sea‐level drop. This is also correlated with positive shifts on the Fe and Mn profiles reflecting the overprint of terrigenous inputs rather than redox conditions.
A One‐Step Process Using a Modified Electrohydrodynamic Process for Fabricating a Nano/Microscale Hybrid Cellulose Scaffold

Hybrid scaffolds are widely applied in hard tissue regeneration because they provide combinational micro/nanostructure to overcome the disadvantages of single structure with another structure. However, there are still problems to be solved in the hybrid scaffold, too complex process using two or more processes and low level of structure controllability in the scaffold to transport cell migration and growth to thickness direction. To overcome the problems, a modified technology using an electrohydrodynamic jet printing to obtain a micro/nanoscale 3D scaffold with a controllable macropore is proposed using a cellulose biomaterial. To show the feasibility of the structure as a medical scaffold, in vitro cellular activities including osteogenic activities using preosteoblasts and physical properties are characterized. As results, significantly higher cell infiltration, cell‐growth, and osteoblastic genes are observed in the hybrid scaffold compared to a control. The results indicate that the proposed method to obtain the hierarchical scaffold is a practicable improved method and the fabricated cellulose hybrid scaffold could be one of highly potential biomaterials to induce successful hard tissue regeneration.
Brain tissues volume measurements from 2D MRI using parametric approach

The purpose of the paper is to propose a fully automated method of volume assessment of structures within human brain. Our statistical approach uses maximum interdependency principle for decision making process of measurements consistency and unequal observations. Detecting outliers performed using maximum normalized residual test. We propose a statistical model which utilizes knowledge of tissues distribution in human brain and applies partial data restoration for precision improvement. The approach proposes completed computationally efficient and independent from segmentation algorithm used in the application.