Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context in Context

Abstract:This essay, published originally in 2002, is reprinted in “Contextualism — The Next Generation: Symposium on the Future of a Methodology,” because of its impact on the thinking that informs and has led to this new symposium. Burke’s argument is that the term context has become “an intellectual slogan or shibboleth” and that “there is a price to pay” for its “more and more frequent use . in a number of disciplines — among them, anthropology, archaeology, art history, geography, intellectual history, law, linguistics, literary criticism, philosophy, politics, psychology, sociology, and theology. ” A brief history of the uses of the term and its cognates in these disciplines is provided, along with an examination of “recent interest in the phenomenology of recontextualism or ‘reframing,’ ” which “depends on agency, creativity, and the power to adapt” and which, indeed, almost defines what is meant by “originality, innovation, invention, or creativity. ” The essay concludes that context ought to be used mainly in the plural to indicate that no topic is properly interpretable in any single framework.
Structure Analysis of Nanowires and Nanobelts by Transmission Electron Microscopy

One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanobelts, and nanorods, are attracting a great deal of research interest due to their unique properties and novel applications. Structure analysis of 1D nanostructures is an essential part of research because achieving structural control is the key step in controlling properties and device performances. Using ZnO, CdSe, and ZnS as examples, this work addresses the technical details of how to use transmission electron microscopy to correctly analyze the structure of nanowires and nanobelts, including growth direction, side/top surfaces, surface polar direction, surface reconstruction, point defects, dislocations, planar defects, and twin/bicrystal structures. The methodologies introduced can be applied to a wide range of 1D nanostructures.
ROLE OF SOD AND CATHEPSIN-D IN ALZHEIMER ’ S DISEASE Aβ CASCADE MODELS

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 4 BACKGROUND . 5 PROJECT PURPOSE . 21 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 22 RESULTS . 31 DISCUSSION . 46 REFERENCES . 50
Aquatic macroinvertebrate responses to native and non-native predators.

Key-words: antipredator behaviour, non-native, invasive, Austropotamobius pallipes, Pacifastacus leniusculus, alien, community ecology Non-native species can profoundly affect native ecosystems through trophic interactions with native species. Native prey may respond differently to non-native versus native predators since they lack prior experience. Here we investigate antipredator responses of two common freshwater macroinvertebrates, Gammarus pulex and Potamopyrgus jenkinsi, to olfactory cues from three predators; sympatric native fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), sympatric native crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes), and novel invasive crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus). G. pulex responded differently to fish and crayfish; showing enhanced locomotion in response to fish, but a preference for the dark over the light in response to the crayfish. P. jenkinsi showed increased vertical migration in response to all three predator cues relative to controls. These different responses to fish and crayfish are hypothesised to reflect the predators’ differing predation types; benthic for crayfish and pelagic for fish. However, we found no difference in response to native versus invasive crayfish, indicating that prey naivete is unlikely to drive the impacts of invasive crayfish. The Predator Recognition Continuum Hypothesis proposes that benefits of generalisable predator recognition outweigh costs when predators are diverse. Generalised responses of prey as observed here will be adaptive in the presence of an invader, and may reduce novel predators’ potential impacts. RESUME
Human-Centered Interfaces for Large , High-Resolution Visualization Systems

To address the challenge of visualizing and working with the massive amounts of digital data produced today, large, high-resolution visualization systems have been developed that present information to users at scales beyond what is possible with traditional computing systems. While these systems provide an excellent resource for handling substantial visual datasets, they also present an interesting challenge when considering effective methods for user interaction. Because standard desktop interfaces do not inherently scale up for practical use in these large environments, herein we look at a human-centric approach for designing interfaces and present a survey of interaction techniques that have been developed for leveraging the large physical and visual space afforded by these systems. We observe how these various approaches account for the needs and facilities of the human within large-scale interaction spaces and consider possibilities for new interfaces based on emerging technology trends.
Empowering Social Tagging Practices with Semantics

Sharing and indexing the resources available on the Web raises several issues that systems based on folksonomies (Vanderwal, 2004), such as del.icio. us for sharing bookmarks, have recently tried to address. The Semantic Web aims at supporting the exchange of information by developing the interoperability between applications available on the Web. To this end, several methods, tools and principles are proposed, among which formal ontologies play a central role. Generally, ontologies are defined as knowledge representations aiming at “specifying explicitly a conceptualization” (Gruber, 1993). More specifically, formal ontologies use formal semantics to specify this conceptualization and make it understandable by machines. The obstacles to a generalization of ontologies lie mainly in their cost of design and maintenance. Web 2.0 is a successful evolution of the Web supported by some principles and technologies. Social tagging and the resulting folksonomies are examples of technologies that have emerged and met a growing success within Web 2.0 applications. The simplicity of tagging combined with the culture of exchange allows the mass of users to share their annotations on the mass of resources. However, the exploitation of folksonomies raises several issues highlighted by Mathes (2004) and by Passant (2009):
Active double emulsions

The capability to produce controllable, active microcapsules would present a leap forward in the development of artificial cells, microreactors, and microsensors. One example of inactive microcapsules are double emulsions, or droplets-in-droplets, which have been applied as, e.g., reactive microcontainers, food and drug capsules, cosmetics, optical devices, biotic sensors, and synthetic cell membranes. Despite the wide utility of double emulsions as a platform for synthetic biology and microchemistry, a significant challenge remains in combining activity, stability, and control. Building on the established system of active single emulsions, we propose a new approach to the problem of encapsulation by using active nematic double emulsions, where a solubilization mechanism induces motility and the nematic structure provides stability: we have shown that the nematoelastic force is comparable to hydrodynamic contributions. We observe a peculiar "shark-fin meandering" motion in quasi-2D driven by spontaneous symmetry breaking and trail-avoidance, which can be controlled or switched via chemical and interfacial guidance and the shell topology.
Lobbying on Regulatory Enforcement Actions: Evidence from Banking

This paper analyzes the relationship between bank lobbying and supervisory decisions of regulators, and documents its moral hazard implications. Exploiting bank-level information on the universe of commercial and savings banks in the United States, I find that regulators are less likely to initiate enforcement actions against lobbying banks. In addition, I show that lobbying banks are riskier and reliably underperform their non-lobbying peers. Overall, these results appear rather inconsistent with an information-based explanation of bank lobbying, but consistent with the theory of regulatory capture.
A ground‐based multisensor cloud phase classifier

A method for classifying cloud phase from a suite of ground‐based sensors is outlined. The method exploits the complementary strengths of cloud radar, depolarization lidar, microwave radiometer, and temperature soundings to classify clouds observed in the vertical column as ice, snow, mixed‐phase, liquid, drizzle, rain, or aerosol. Although the classification has been specifically designed for observations of Arctic clouds, the general framework is applicable to other locations with minor modifications. An example classification demonstrates the application to actual measurements.
Immunolocalization of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Placenta of Humans with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The aim of this study was to compare of term placentas, which has gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnant women in terms of immunolocalization of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Methods: Fifteen gestational diabetes mellitus patients and fifteen women without any systemic disease of the placenta were collected. Fetal and maternal faces of the placentas, as well as peripheral and central parts were examined for immunohistochemical investigation of MMP-2 and MMP-9.Groups were evaluated through use of the SPSS 15.0 package program. P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: MMP-2 reaction was weakly expressed in maternal and fetal surface, and no significant difference between the two groups was observed. When MMP-9 expression was compared between the groups, an increase in decidual cells of diabetic group and a decrease in syncytial nodes were noticed. In fetal surface, a decrease in expression level was detected in chorionic villus syncytiotrophoblasts, chorionic villus stroma, stem villus syncytiotrophoblasts, stem villous stroma and chorionic plate. Conclusion: Regarding our findings, MMP-9 plays a more active role than MMP-2 in gestational diabetic placentas was concluded.
Testing for Competition in the South African Banking Sector

We employ both the Panzar and Rosse (1987) and the Bresnahan (1982) models to test for competition in the South African banking sector. We find evidence consistent with monopolistic competition in the South African banking sector. While this may be considered relatively good news for consumers that South African banks are not acting as a cartel, there is need for policies and other interventions to enhance contestability in the banking sector and thus improve efficiency.
The Indeterministic Character of Evolutionary Theory: No "No Hidden Variables Proof" but No Room for Determinism Either

In this paper we first briefly review Bell's (1964, 1966) Theorem to see how it invalidates any deterministic "hidden variable" account of the apparent indeterminacy of quantum mechanics (QM). Then we show that quantum uncertainty, at the level of DNA mutations, can "percolate" up to have major populational effects. Interesting as this point may be it does not show any autonomous indeterminism of the evolutionary process. In the next two sections we investigate drift and natural selection as the locus of autonomous biological indeterminacy. Here we conclude that the population-level indeterminacy of natural selection and drift are ultimately based on the assumption of a fundamental indeterminacy at the level of the lives and deaths of individual organisms. The following section examines this assumption and defends it from the determinists' attack. Then we show that, even if one rejects the assumption, there is still an important reason why one might think evolutionary theory (ET) is autonomously indeterministic. In the concluding section we contrast the arguments we have mounted against a deterministic hidden variable account of ET with the proof of the impossibility of such an account of QM.
Delinquent Behavior, Future Divorce or Nonmarital Childbearing, and Externalizing Behavior Among Offspring: A 14-Year Prospective Study

In a longitudinal study of a national sample, more extemalizing behavior problems were found among 222 children from never-married and 142 children from divorced families than among 840 children from married families. However, delinquent behavior reported when future mothers were single, childless adolescents prospectively predicted their future marital status and behavior problems among their offspring 14 years later. Matemal history of delinquent behavior accounted for much, but not all, of the relationship between marital status and children's externalizing behavior. Divorce and nonmarital childbirth do not occur at random, and these findings demonstrate that marital status is predicted by individual characteristics as well as by demographic factors. These findings highlight the importance of cautiously interpreting the much-discussed correlation between marital status and children's behavior problems.
THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN POSTUREANDOF GRADED EXERCISE ON STROKEVOLUMEIN MAN

Interest has been revived recently in the relative importance of changes in heart rate and stroke volume during exercise in man. Rushmer and Smith have examined the literature and concluded that an increase in stroke volume is not an essential feature of the ventricular response in normal human subjects (1, 2). Contrary views, particularly in the older literature, were attributed to differences in the technics used to measure cardiac output and in the degree of training of the subjects (1). However, in the studies reviewed by Rushmer, the subjects had exercised in various postures. This could have accounted for much of the apparent discrepancy (3), a point which Rushmer has now emphasized (4). The present investigation demonstrates the importance of the posture of the subject in the interpretation of changes in stroke volume from rest to exercise. The stroke volume increases only slightly once exercise has begun, regardless of the severity of the exercise or the position assumed by the subject.
The Effect of a Meter-Diffuser Offset on Shaped Film Cooling Hole Adiabatic Effectiveness

Shaped film cooling holes are used extensively in gas turbines to reduce component temperatures. These holes generally consist of a metering section through the material and a diffuser to spread coolant over the surface. These two hole features are created separately using electrical discharge machining, and occasionally an offset can occur between the meter and diffuser due to misalignment. The current study examines the potential impact of this manufacturing defect to the film cooling effectiveness for a well-characterized shaped hole known as the 7-7-7 hole. Five meter-diffuser offset directions and two offset sizes were examined, both computationally and experimentally. Adiabatic effectiveness measurements were obtained at a density ratio of 1.2 and blowing ratios ranging from 0.5 to 3. The detriment in cooling relative to the baseline 7-7-7 hole was worst when the diffuser was shifted upstream (aft meter-diffuser offset), and least when the diffuser was shifted downstream (fore meter-diffuser offset). At some blowing ratios and offset sizes, the fore meter-diffuser offset resulted in slightly higher adiabatic effectiveness than the baseline hole, due to a reduction in the high-momentum region of the coolant jet caused by a separation region created inside the hole by the fore meter-diffuser offset. Steady RANS predictions did not accurately capture the levels of adiabatic effectiveness or the trend in the offsets, but it did predict the fore offset’s improved performance.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
RELWALK – A LATENT VARIABLE MODEL APPROACH

Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) is the task of jointly learning entity and relation embeddings for a given knowledge graph. Existing methods for learning KGEs can be seen as a two-stage process where (a) entities and relations in the knowledge graph are represented using some linear algebraic structures (embeddings), and (b) a scoring function is defined that evaluates the strength of a relation that holds between two entities using the corresponding relation and entity embeddings. Unfortunately, prior proposals for the scoring functions in the first step have been heuristically motivated, and it is unclear as to how the scoring functions in KGEs relate to the generation process of the underlying knowledge graph. To address this issue, we propose a generative account of the KGE learning task. Specifically, given a knowledge graph represented by a set of relational triples (h,R, t), where the semantic relation R holds between the two entities h (head) and t (tail), we extend the random walk model (Arora et al., 2016a) of word embeddings to KGE. We derive a theoretical relationship between the joint probability p(h,R, t) and the embeddings of h, R and t. Moreover, we show that marginal loss minimisation, a popular objective used by much prior work in KGE, follows naturally from the log-likelihood ratio maximisation under the probabilities estimated from the KGEs according to our theoretical relationship. We propose a learning objective motivated by the theoretical analysis to learn KGEs from a given knowledge graph. The KGEs learnt by our proposed method obtain state-of-the-art performance on FB15K237 and WN18RR benchmark datasets, providing empirical evidence in support of the theory.
Enhancing Access Control in Android Operating System Using User Granted Selective

One of the security features in Android Operating System enables user granted permissions to restrict access to system features and user data. The loophole in this security feature arises while installing third party applications. The user today is bound to accept all permissions of an application and install it else the application is not installed. Therefore the user is not able to restrict access to his system resources completely. This paper presents a novel approach which has been implemented and will enhance the existing permission model and enable user to grant selective permissions to applications in Android Operating System. Keywords-Emerging Technologies, Software Program Verification, Operating System Security and Protection, Access Control, Miscellaneous
The challenges of maintaining indigenous ecological knowledge

Increased interest in indigenous ecological knowledge (IEK) has led to concern that it is vulnerable amidst social and ecological change. In response, multiple authors have recommended the establishment of programs for the maintenance and revitalization of IEK systems. However, few studies have analyzed the methods, opportunities, and challenges of these programs. This is a critical gap, as IEK maintenance is challenging and will require layered and evidence-based solutions. We seek to build a foundation for future approaches to IEK maintenance. First, we present a systematic literature review of IEK maintenance programs (n = 39) and discuss the opportunities and challenges inherent in five broad groups of published approaches. Second, we use two case studies from the Republic of Vanuatu to illustrate these challenges in more depth. The first case study takes a community-based approach, which has inherent strengths (e.g., localized organization). It has, however, faced practical (e.g., funding) and epistemological (changing modes of knowledge transmission) challenges. The second case study seeks to facilitate IEK transmission within the formal school system. Although this model has potential, it has faced significant challenges (e.g., lack of institutional linkages). We conclude that supporting and strengthening IEK is important but that serious attention is needed to account for the social, situated, and dynamic nature of IEK. In closing, we use the review and case studies to propose four principles that may guide adaptive and flexible approaches for the future maintenance of IEK systems.
Tailoring the interaction between matter and polarized light with plasmonic optical antennas

We explore the possibility to control the polarization state of light confined into sub-diffraction volumes by means of plasmonic optical antennas. To this aim, we describe a resonant cross antenna, constituted of two perpendicular two-wire antennas sharing the same gap, which is able to maintain the polarization state in the plane of the antenna. We also discuss how, by proper tuning of the arm length in a slightly off-resonance cross antenna, it is possible to effectively realize a nanoscale quarter-waveplate antenna. We present experimental results for the preparation of individual cross antennas by means of focused ion beam milling starting from single-crystalline Au microflakes, and finally show preliminary characterization results based on two-photon photoluminescence confocal imaging with linearly-polarized light.
Impact of Derivative Trading On Stock Market Volatility in India: A Study of S&P CNX Nifty

The Purpose of the study is to examine the impact of derivative trading on stock market volatility. The sample data consist of closing prices of S&P CNX Nifty as well as closing prices of five derivative stocks and five non derivative stocks from April 1, 2002 to March 31, 2005. The study uses GARCH model to capture nature of volatility over time and volatility clustering phenomenon of data. The evidences suggest that there is no significant change in the volatility of S &P CNX Nifty, but the structure of volatility has changed to some extent. However, results show mixed effect in case of 10 individual stocks. These results can assist investors in making investment decision. It also helps to identify need for regulation.
Discrete Wavelet Transform-based Baseline Wandering Removal for High Resolution Electrocardiogram

A High Resolution Electrocardiogram (HRECG) is used as a noninvasive technique for detecting very small cardiac signals called Ventricular Late Potentials (VLPs) from patients with myocardial infraction. One of the most common problems of High Resolution ECG recordings is the baseline wandering in the ECG signals during data collection. In this paper, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) at level 10 was applied to the HRECG signals and decomposition of the HRECG signals was performed. The baseline wandering was found in the low frequency components of the approximation A10 of the DWT. Removal of the baseline wandering can be achieved by a reconstruction of the DWT without A10. As a result, a detection of VLPs was obtained with high performance.
Performance analysis of Cognitive Pilot Channel in wireless Heterogeneous networks

This thesis aims to investigate and analyze the performance of the Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC) in heterogeneous network. The thesis uses simulation to simulate the environment and the scenarios and by using this simulation, the analysis is done. First task this thesis carrying is the validation the simulation results with the numerical results. This is done by introducing a single cell scenario and validates the results out of this scenario with the numerical calculation. Analyze of cellular scenario and heterogeneous scenario is done after in this thesis.
Phonon excitation by electron beams in nanographenes

Electron beams have the ability of exciting vibrational modes (phonons) in molecules and nanoclusters, which can be currently probed with atomic spatial resolution through electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). This scenario is similar to the excitation of plasmons with light, except that electrons allow much tighter spatial focusing. Additionally, phonons possess larger quality factors and lifetimes. In an effort to exploit these appealing properties, we theoretically investigate the interaction of focused electron beams with the vibrational modes of carbon nanographenes. The EELS probability is found to mimic the density of vibrational states, both of which evolve smoothly with cluster size towards the limit of extended graphene. Our results support the use of phonons as long-lived, tightly confined substitutes of plasmons, combined with electron-beam-mediated mode-selective excitation