Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Presumed Head and Neck Injuries in Emotion Dysregulation Among Community Women With a History of Physical Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among women and associated with negative outcomes, including emotion dysregulation. Limited research has examined factors that contribute to emotion dysregulation in this population. This study explores the potential influence of presumed head and neck injuries from IPV on five dimensions of emotion dysregulation. Participants were 352 community women who responded to an online survey. Results of a path analysis indicated that presumed head and neck injuries from IPV were significantly associated with lack of emotional clarity and difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors when experiencing emotions. Findings suggest an association between presumed head and neck injuries from IPV and emotion dysregulation, underscoring the potential need for considering both neurological and psychological factors in the assessment and treatment of emotion dysregulation in this population.
Atomic partial charges on CH3NH3PbI3 from first-principles electronic structure calculations

We calculated the partial charges in methylammonium (MA) lead-iodide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 in its different crystalline phases using different first-principles electronic charge partitioning approaches, including the Bader, ChelpG, and density-derived electrostatic and chemical (DDEC) schemes. Among the three charge partitioning methods, the DDEC approach provides chemically intuitive and reliable atomic charges for this material, which consists of a mixture of transition metals, halide ions, and organic molecules. The DDEC charges are also found to be robust against the use of hybrid functionals and/or upon inclusion of spin–orbit coupling or dispersive interactions. We calculated explicitly the atomic charges with a special focus on the dipole moment of the MA molecules within the perovskite structure. The value of the dipole moment of the MA is reduced with respect to the isolated molecule due to charge redistribution involving the inorganic cage. DDEC charges and dipole moment of the organic part rema.
Comparison of anxiety levels of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, individuals under quarantine, and individuals in society

Abstract Purpose This study aims to compare the anxiety levels of COVID‐19 patients, individuals under quarantine, and healthy individuals in society. Design and Methods This cross‐sectional study was conducted from May 25, 2020 to June 25, 2020 in a city located in the northwest of Turkey. The data were collected using a personal information form, the Beck Anxiety Scale, administered in face‐to‐face interviews, and online questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, and logistic regression analyses. Findings The anxiety level of individuals under quarantine (Median: min–max = 1: 0–55) was significantly lower statistically compared to that of the rest of the society (Median: min–max = 6: 0–63) and hospitalized COVID‐19 patients (Median: min–max = 5: 0–42) (p = 0.0001). Female gender, being 61 years of age and older, having psychiatric and chronic illnesses, and experiencing disrupted sleep patterns were determined to be the factors associated with high levels of anxiety. Practice Implications This study found that society in general and hospitalized COVID‐19 patients had high anxiety levels. The study results can be useful for creating training and population‐based screening programs to control the anxiety of individuals under quarantine, hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, and the rest of the society during the pandemic. Additionally, the finding from this study on groups at risk for anxiety will provide important data for future research on this subject and for the planning of health services offered to these groups.
Benchmarking and optimization of a high‐throughput sequencing based method for transgene sequence variant analysis in biotherapeutic cell line development

In recent years, High‐Throughput Sequencing (HTS) based methods to detect mutations in biotherapeutic transgene products have become a key quality step deployed during the development of manufacturing cell line clones. Previously we reported on a higher throughput, rapid mutation detection method based on amplicon sequencing (targeting transgene RNA) and detailed its implementation to facilitate cell line clone selection. By gaining experience with our assay in a diverse set of cell line development programs, we improved the computational analysis as well as experimental protocols. Here we report on these improvements as well as on a comprehensive benchmarking of our assay. We evaluated assay performance by mixing amplicon samples of a verified mutated antibody clone with a non‐mutated antibody clone to generate spike‐in mutations from ∼60% down to ∼0.3% frequencies. We subsequently tested the effect of 16 different sample and HTS library preparation protocols on the assay's ability to quantify mutations and on the occurrence of false‐positive background error mutations (artifacts). Our evaluation confirmed assay robustness, established a high confidence limit of detection of ∼0.6%, and identified protocols that reduce error levels thereby significantly reducing a source of false positives that bottlenecked the identification of low‐level true mutations.
CENP-C functions in centromere assembly, the maintenance of CENP-A asymmetry and epigenetic age in Drosophila germline stem cells

Germline stem cells divide asymmetrically to produce one new daughter stem cell and one daughter cell that will subsequently undergo meiosis and differentiate to generate the mature gamete. The silent sister hypothesis proposes that in asymmetric divisions, the selective inheritance of sister chromatids carrying specific epigenetic marks between stem and daughter cells impacts cell fate. To facilitate this selective inheritance, the hypothesis specifically proposes that the centromeric region of each sister chromatid is distinct. In Drosophila germ line stem cells (GSCs), it has recently been shown that the centromeric histone CENP-A (called CID in flies)—the epigenetic determinant of centromere identity—is asymmetrically distributed between sister chromatids. In these cells, CID deposition occurs in G2 phase such that sister chromatids destined to end up in the stem cell harbour more CENP-A, assemble more kinetochore proteins and capture more spindle microtubules. These results suggest a potential mechanism of ‘mitotic drive’ that might bias chromosome segregation. Here we report that the inner kinetochore protein CENP-C, is required for the assembly of CID in G2 phase in GSCs. Moreover, CENP-C is required to maintain a normal asymmetric distribution of CID between stem and daughter cells. In addition, we find that CID is lost from centromeres in aged GSCs and that a reduction in CENP-C accelerates this loss. Finally, we show that CENP-C depletion in GSCs disrupts the balance of stem and daughter cells in the ovary, shifting GSCs toward a self-renewal tendency. Ultimately, we provide evidence that centromere assembly and maintenance via CENP-C is required to sustain asymmetric divisions in female Drosophila GSCs.
Prevalence, Co-Occurrence, and Correlates of Substance and Behavioral Addictions Among American Indian Adolescents in California

The present study investigated the prevalence and co-occurrence of addictions to tobacco, alcohol, other drugs, food/eating, the internet, texting, video games, shopping, love, sex, exercise, work, and gambling among American Indian (AI) youth in California. As with previous work in other cultural groups, the most prevalent addictions were love, internet, and exercise, though prevalence and co-occurrence of these addictions were relatively high among AI youth. A negative life events measure was associated with all the addictions, suggesting that life stressors are associated with high rates of multiple types of addictions among AI youth. There is a need for more research to better understand the relations of life stressors with multiple addictions among AI youth as well as how to remediate these behaviors.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Resilience of the Transnational Home-Based Elder Care System between Poland and Germany

ABSTRACT As COVID-19 puts older people in long-term institutional care at the highest risk of infection and death, the need for home-based care has increased. Germany relies largely on migrant caregivers from Poland. Yet the pandemic-related mobility restrictions reveal the deficiencies of this transnational elder care system. This article asks if this system is resilient. In order to answer this question, the research team conducted interviews with 10 experts and randomly selected representatives of brokering and sending agencies in Germany and Poland. We interviewed 13 agencies in Germany and 15 in Poland on the agencies’ characteristics, recruitment strategies, challenges of the pandemic, and impact of legal regulations in the sector. The analysis shows that the system could mobilize adaptive capacities and continue to deliver services, but its absorptive capacity is limited. To enhance resilience, policies working toward formalization and legalization of care services across national borders are required.
Effect of porosity and active area on the assessment of catalytic activity of non-precious metal electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction

We describe a method to study porous thin-films deposited onto rotating disc electrodes (RDE) applied to non-platinum group electrocatalyst obtained by pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine and carbon, FePc/C. The electroactive area and porous properties of the thin film electrodes were obtained using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under the framework of de Levie impedance model. The electrocatalytic activity of different electrodes was correlated to the total electroactive area (A p) and the penetration ratio parameter through the film under ac current. The cylindrical pore model was extended to the RDE boundary conditions and derived in a Koutecky–Levich type expression that allowed to separate the effect of the electroactive area and structural properties. The resulting specific electrocatalytic activity of FePc/C heat treated at different temperatures was correlated to FePc surface concentration.
Omega‐3 PUFA profoundly affect neural, physiological, and behavioural competences – implications for systemic changes in trophic interactions

In recent decades, much conceptual thinking in trophic ecology has been guided by theories of nutrient limitation and the flow of elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, within and among ecosystems. More recently, ecologists have also turned their attention to examining the value of specific dietary nutrients, in particular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), among which the omega‐3 PUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play a central role as essential components of neuronal cell membranes in many organisms. This review focuses on a new neuro‐ecological approach stemming from the biochemical (mechanistic) and physiological (functional) role of DHA in neuronal cell membranes, in particular in conjunction with G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). We link the co‐evolution of these neurological functions to metabolic dependency on dietary omega‐3 PUFA. We outline ways in which deficiencies in dietary DHA supply may affect, cognition, vision, and behaviour, and ultimately, the biological fitness of consumers. We then review emerging evidence that changes in access to dietary omega‐3 PUFA may ultimately have profound impacts on trophic interactions leading to potential changes in community structure and ecosystem functioning that, in turn, may affect the supply of DHA within and across ecosystems, including the supply for human consumption.
Redox homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is modulated by a novel actinomycete‐specific transcription factor

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved diverse cellular processes in response to the multiple stresses it encounters within the infected host. We explored available TnSeq datasets to identify transcription factors (TFs) that are essential for Mtb survival inside the host. The analysis identified a single TF, Rv1332 (AosR), conserved across actinomycetes with a so‐far uncharacterized function. AosR mitigates phagocyte‐derived oxidative and nitrosative stress, thus promoting mycobacterial growth in the murine lungs and spleen. Oxidative stress induces formation of a single intrasubunit disulphide bond in AosR, which in turn facilitates AosR interaction with an extracytoplasmic‐function sigma factor, SigH. This leads to the specific upregulation of the CysM‐dependent non‐canonical cysteine biosynthesis pathway through an auxiliary intragenic stress‐responsive promoter, an axis critical in detoxifying host‐derived oxidative and nitrosative radicals. Failure to upregulate AosR‐dependent cysteine biosynthesis during the redox stress causes differential expression of 6% of Mtb genes. Our study shows that the AosR‐SigH pathway is critical for detoxifying host‐derived oxidative and nitrosative radicals to enhance Mtb survival in the hostile intracellular environment.
Cryo‐EM structure of metazoan TRAPPIII, the multi‐subunit complex that activates the GTPase Rab1

The TRAPP complexes are nucleotide exchange factors that play essential roles in membrane traffic and autophagy. TRAPPII activates Rab11, and TRAPPIII activates Rab1, with the two complexes sharing a core of small subunits that affect nucleotide exchange but being distinguished by specific large subunits that are essential for activity in vivo. Crystal structures of core subunits have revealed the mechanism of Rab activation, but how the core and the large subunits assemble to form the complexes is unknown. We report a cryo‐EM structure of the entire Drosophila TRAPPIII complex. The TRAPPIII‐specific subunits TRAPPC8 and TRAPPC11 hold the catalytic core like a pair of tongs, with TRAPPC12 and TRAPPC13 positioned at the joint between them. TRAPPC2 and TRAPPC2L link the core to the two large arms, with the interfaces containing residues affected by disease‐causing mutations. The TRAPPC8 arm is positioned such that it would contact Rab1 that is bound to the core, indicating how the arm could determine the specificity of the complex. A lower resolution structure of TRAPPII shows a similar architecture and suggests that the TRAPP complexes evolved from a single ur‐TRAPP.
Malnutrition, Family Support, and Possible Sarcopenia in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Background Possible sarcopenia, aortic valve stenosis, and malnutrition are important issues that afflict older adults. Objective The aims of this study were to compare the differences in nutritional status and family support in older adults with possible sarcopenia and those without sarcopenia after undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and to identify the predictors of malnutrition and demonstrate changes in heart function over time after undergoing TAVI. Methods A case-control design was conducted. Possible sarcopenia was identified by measuring calf circumference, grip strength, and gait speed. The Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form and numerical family support rating scale were used to collect data. Left ventricular ejection fraction and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class were assessed at 5 time points to evaluate heart function. Results Eighty-one participants were categorized into those without sarcopenia (34) and those with possible sarcopenia (47). Logistic linear regression showed albumin and possible sarcopenia to be predictors of malnutrition (odds ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–30.19). Family support was associated with nutrition status (P = .019). For patient heart function, the results of NYHA functional class and left ventricular ejection fraction improved over time after TAVI. The improvement in NYHA functional class at T2 was significantly different between the 2 groups compared with that at T0. Conclusions The nutrition level was higher among participants without sarcopenia than those with possible sarcopenia. Approximately 90% of the participants indicated that they had high family support. Demographic factors and albumin levels could be used to evaluate risk of malnutrition. Patients without possible sarcopenia showed greater improvement in NYHA class.
Polarization resolved nonlinear multimodal microscopy in lipids: from model membranes to myelin in tissues.

Polarization resolved nonlinear microscopy is a powerful tool to image structural information in biomolecular assemblies. Nonlinear interaction between light and matter lead to complex processes where coherent combinations of optical fields couple to assemblies of molecular transition dipoles. Controlling polarized optical fields and monitoring nonlinear induced signals in a medium can nevertheless bring rich information on molecular orientational organization within the focal spot of a microscope ob jective. In this PhD thesis we apply this polarization sensitivity to different label-free optical coherent techniques (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)) and to two-photon fluorescence (2PEF) to retrieve quantitative information on the static molecular distribution shape and orientation of lipids in model membranes and biological membranes such as myelin sheaths in spinal cord tissues. With this technique, we address fundamental questions about lipid packing behavior in membranes, and how it can be affected by other molecules such as cholesterol and the insertion of fluorescent lipid probes. We demonstrate that polarization resolved CARS give access to fine details on lipids arrangement in myelin sheaths, at a sub-diffraction scale. In the context of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease (EAE) we show, that even at the stage of disruption of the myelin envelope during the demyelination process, lipids multilayers reveal strong capability to preserve their macroscopic self-assembly into highly organized structures, with a degree of disorganization occurring only at the molecular scale. At last, we show that such technique can be combined with a larger scope of studies in bioimaging; we use multimodal microscopy (combined CARS and 2PEF) to image axonal degeneration and immune cell recruitment associated to demyelination process in order to address biological questions related to the immune response and axon damage during progression of the neurodegenerative disease.
The effect of three-dimensional nursing management on the respiratory exercise compliance and nursing efficiency in post-thoracotomy patients with acute pulmonary embolisms.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the three-dimensional nursing management mode on compliance with respiratory function exercises and on the nursing efficiency in post-thoracotomy, acute pulmonary embolism (PE) patients. METHODS A cohort of 20 post-thoracotomy patients with acute PE were equally and randomly divided into two groups. The patients in the experimental group underwent the three-dimensional nursing management mode, and the patients in the control group underwent ordinary nursing. The compliance with respiratory function exercises during the hospital stay and within 3 months after discharge was observed, and the efficiency of the three-dimensional nursing management mode was determined according to the patient recovery. RESULTS The overall recovery effect in the experimental group was good, the respiratory function exercise effect was significant, and just one patient still had dyspnea after one week of nursing. There were 5 patients with chest tightness and chest pain and 7 patients with dyspnea in the control group. One patient died after a recurrence of the disease (P < 0.05). The total nursing efficiency was 90% in the experimental group and 30% in the control group (P < 0.05). Three months after discharge, the patients in the two groups were followed up, and a survey was conducted. In the experimental group, 14 patients and their families were very satisfied with the nursing. In the control group, 2 patients and their families were dissatisfied with the nursing, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional nursing management with post-thoracotomy, acute pulmonary embolism patients contributes to improving the patients' compliance with respiratory function exercises and to the nursing efficiency. It can greatly improve the nursing efficiency, relieve patients' post-surgical pain, and can promote the formation of a good doctor-patient relationship to a certain extent.
Use of eGFR instead of creatinine in exclusion criteria for derivation of calcium adjustment equation

The development of equations to calculate adjusted calcium have traditionally used creatinine ed glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on creatinine requests from primary care, we sought to explore if the inclusion of eGFR in adjusted calcium equation derivation would improve accuracy in the primary care setting. Use of a creatinine value of4200 mmol/ L in the inclusion criteria will likely include some patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3–5 and who may have metabolic bone disease with disturbed calcium metabolism. We previously showed that an adjustment equation derived for the primary care population, only correctly identified calcium status (judged by ionized calcium) in 91% of the participants. One possible explanation was the inclusion of some CKD patients. Therefore, we hypothesize that in a primary care population, an equation derived using an additional inclusion criteria of eGFR >60mL/min/1.73 m could outperform an equation derived using traditional Payne’s criteria. Retrospective biochemical data for the calcium adjustment equation derivation were extracted from the laboratory database for 12 primary care Trusts for up to a three-month period in 2016. The mathematical equation derivation for the eGFR >60 population followed the same method that was described in Jassam et al. With the exception of one, all 11 trusts calculated eGFR by the CKD-EPI equation. Primary care data were filtered first according to Payne’s criteria and then to exclude patients with eGFR< 60mL/min/1.73 m
Estimating willingness-to-pay for neonicotinoid-free plants: Incorporating pro-environmental behavior in hypothetical and non-hypothetical experiments

This study investigates the extent to which individuals’ perceptions and attitudes toward pesticides and pollinator related labeling influence their preferences for eco-labeled products. An incentive compatible second-price auction and a hypothetical discrete choice experiment were used to elicit individual preferences for ornamental plants grown with or without controversial (neonicotinoid) pesticides. Positive attitudes toward pollinators, neonicotinoid labeling regulations, and labeling of sustainable production methods were found to be significant predictors of individual choice behavior. Individuals with attitudes expressing concern for pollinators and agreement with mandatory labeling and disclosure of neonicotinoids, showed a stronger preference for neonicotinoid-free plants. Our results suggest that both hypothetical and non-hypothetical experiments are consistent in predicting the general direction of consumer preferences despite the elicitation mechanism. Implications for relevant stakeholders are discussed.