Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation, identification and characterization of bacteria from Lawachara National Park, Moulovibazar, Bangladesh

Bacteria are essential elements of natural environments. As bacteria are the key critical components of food webs and nutrient cycles, they contribute to ecosystem functioning via mutualists and pathogens for larger species. The present study has provided substantial grounds to confirm that microbial communities present in natural environments are much more diverse. Here, we tend to study a singular environment Lawachara National Park. Total 125 bacterial strains were isolated using serial dilution method. Thirteen unique colonies were selected, cultured and characterized by gram staining and biochemical tests. Based on morphological, biochemical, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and phylogeny analysis revealed that the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringensis, Serratia marcescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterobacter cowanii, Acidobacterium capsulatum, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. This study serves as a baseline survey of bacterial diversity in the Lawachara National Park.
First report of bovine anaemia associated Theileria sinensis infection and phylogenetic analyses of partial gene sequences of Theileria and Anaplasma species detected in naturally infected Malaysian cattle

Background: Serious disease outbreaks in cattle are usually associated with blood pathogens. This study aims to detect blood pathogens namely Trypanosoma evansi, Theileria, Anaplasma and Mycoplasma species, and studied their phylogenetic relationships, haemato-biochemical abnormalities and erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) in Malaysian cattle. Methods: Molecular analysis was achieved by PCR amplification and sequencing of PCR amplicons of 18SrRNA gene of Theileria species, 16SrRNA genes of Anaplasma and Mycoplasma species, 16SrRNA gene of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, MPSP gene of T. orientalis and RoTaT1.2 VSG gene of Trypanosoma evansi, in sixty-one (61) Kedah-Kelantan X Brahman cattle from Pahang, Malaysia. Haemato-biochemical analyses were performed using automated analysers while EOF was determined with the aid of saline solutions. Results: PCR amplification produced the expected fragment sizes for MPSP gene of T. orientalis, msp4 gene of Anaplasma marginale, 16S rRNA gene of C. M. haemobos, RoTaT1.2VSG gene of T. evansi. Nucleotide blast demonstrated that sequences of the PCR amplicons showed a high degree of molecular similarity in comparison with reference sequences. Analysis of 18SrRNA gene sequences of Theileria species and 16S rRNA gene sequences of Anaplasma species revealed Theileria sinensis and Anaplasma platys as additional species detected in these cattle. Theileria species was the most detected blood pathogen in the sampled cattle. The blood picture of all cattle group revealed poikilocytosis, anisocytosis, rouleaux formation and degenerative left shift. Erythrocyte fragility values of all the cattle groups were above the reference range. Anaemia of the macrocytic normochromic type was observed in the Trypanosoma evansi; and Anaplasma platys + Theileria sinensis double species co-infected cattle. Normocytic normochromic anaemia was observed in the T. sinensis infected cattle group. Significant (p<0.05) increases in serum liver and kidney parameters, total protein, globulin, total and unconjugated bilirubin and decreased albumin was observed in the Trypanosoma evansi infected cattle.Conclusion: We present the first report of anaemia associated with Theileria sinensis infection in Malaysian cattle. Because of the high occurrence of bovine theileriosis and detection of Anaplasma platys, there is an urgent need for appropriate preventive and control measures, as Theileria species and A. platys are of great economic and zoonotic importance respectively.
Education governance in Pakistan: A critical analysis of challenges

The socioeconomic development of a country depends upon a sound education system. The current era of technology increases its demand to survive in this globalized world. However, several drastic measures have been taken by Pakistan’s government but are still unable to acquire the goals and struggle with low literacy. On this account, a critical analysis was done to understand the root causes of bad governance of education and propose suggestions to resolve those challenges. The study specified several challenges such as unequal access to education, insufficient resources, unavailability of trained teachers, scared accountability and examination system, socioeconomic gap and private supplementary education. In accordance with the findings, the study also proposed useful suggestions for policymakers and educationists.
Enhanced Responsivity of ZnSe‐Based Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Near‐Ultraviolet Photodetector via Impact Ionization

We report on high‐responsivity, fast near‐ultraviolet photodetectors based on bulk ZnSe employing a metal–semiconductor–metal structure with and without interdigital contacts. A very high responsivity of 2.42 and 4.44 A W−1 at 20 V bias voltage and high rejection rate of 7900 and 4810 for the light with a wavelength of 325 nm is obtained for photodetectors without and with interdigital contacts, which indicates an internal gain. The mechanism of internal gain is attributed to the impact ionization of ZnSe atoms under high internal electric field strength of 133 kV cm−1. Also a low dark current of ≈3.4 nA and high detectivity of ≈1.4 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at a voltage of 20 V is achieved for the device with interdigital contacts at room temperature.
GENERATION MEANS ANALYSIS FOR SOME QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN COTTON

The present work aimed mainly at analysis of gene effects using means of the six populations, P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 for ten characters in two crosses namely cross I (Giza 96 x 10229) and cross II (Giza 89 x 10229). The experiment was grown in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Shiekh, Egypt. The mean values F1 population was better than the respective parents, F2, BC1 and BC2 populations for most of the traits studied for the two crosses. Highly significant and positive (desirable) heterosis relative to midand better-parents for most traits studied was found in the two crosses. On the other hand, the heterosis relative to midand better-parent was highly significant and negative (useful) for micronaire reading of the two crosses. Inbreeding depression was highly significant and positive for all traits studied in the two crosses, except number of bolls/plant in the two crosses and micronaire reading in cross II (Giza 89 x 10229) which exhibited highly significant and negative inbreeding depression. The values of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than the values of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied of the two crosses. Six parameters gene effects exhibited that the dominance gene effect, were higher than additive gene effects for all traits studied in the two crosses, indicating predominant role of dominant component of gene action in inheritance of these traits. High heritability in broad-sense estimates (>50%) were detected for all the traits studied at the two crosses except seed cotton yield/plant at cross II (Giza 89 x 10229) and boll weight of cross I (Giza 96 x 10229). The heritability in narrow-sense estimates ranged from 3.29% to 35.70% for boll weight and uniformity index of cross I (Giza 96 x 10229), respectively. The expected genetic advance (Δg%) under 10% selection of the individual plants in the F2 generation ranged from 10.37% to 92.28% for uniformity index of cross II (Giza 89 x 10229) and lint cotton yield/plant of cross I (Giza 96 x 10229), respectively.
Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of Feruloyl Esterase Preparations from Thermothelomyces thermophila and Talaromyces wortmannii

Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA®) technology is a well-established method in the current literature for the low-cost and effective immobilization of several enzymes. The main advantage of this particular method is the simplicity of the process, since it consists of only two steps. However, CLEA immobilization must be carefully designed for each desired enzyme, since the optimum conditions for enzymes can vary significantly, according to their physicochemical properties. In the present study, an investigation of the optimum CLEA immobilization conditions was carried out for eight feruloyl esterase preparations. Feruloyl esterases are a very important enzyme group in the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass, since they act in a synergistic way with other enzymes for the breakdown of plant biomass. Specifically, we investigated the type and concentration of precipitant and the crosslinker concentration, for retaining optimal activity. FAE68 was found to be the most promising enzyme for CLEA immobilization, since in this case, the maximum retained activity, over 98%, was observed. Subsequently, we examined the operational stability and the stability in organic solvents for the obtained CLEA preparations, as well as their structure. Overall, our results support that the maximum activity retaining and the stability properties of the final CLEAs can vary greatly in different FAE preparations. Nevertheless, some of the examined FAEs show a significant potential for further applications in harsh industrial conditions.
MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE: FUNCTION AND RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT STRESSES IN PLANTS

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway is the most commonly studied signaling mechanisms, consisting of different groups of protein kinases that participate in regularly connecting interpretation of external stimuli that can change in gene expression or cellular organization within eukaryotic systems. The MAP kinase pathways functions in plants cell signaling (intra- and extra). MAPK cascades follow a response system. MAP kinases are the component of kinase constituents that deliver signals from sensors to responders in eukaryotes including plants. Several pathways are activated under different environmental stresses. Stimulating agents may be biological (biotic) like microbial infections or environmental (abiotic) like temperatures threshold, high salt concentration, drought, heavy metal, Ultra-violet radiation, ozone gases and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The involvement of MAPK signaling pathway in different stresses has been widely studied. In this review we also try to highlight MAPK cascades, its regulation, functions and recent findings in various cellular processes against stress conditions.
Harnessing powers of genomics to build molecular maps of coronavirus targets in human cells: a guide for existing drug repurposing and experimental studies identifying candidate therapeutics to mitigate the pandemic COVID-19.

Genes required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells, ACE2 and FURIN, were employed as baits to build genomics-guided maps of up-stream regulatory elements, their expression and functions in human body, including pathophysiologically-relevant cell types. Repressors and activators of the ACE2 and FURIN genes were identified based on the analyses of gene silencing and overexpression experiments as well as relevant transgenic mouse models. Panels of repressors (VDR; GATA5; SFTPC; HIF1a) and activators (HMGA2; INSIG1) were then employed to identify existing drugs manifesting gene expression signatures of the potential coronavirus infection mitigation agents. Using this strategy, Vitamin D and Quercetin have been identified as putative COVID-19 mitigation agents. Gene expression profiles of Vitamin D and Quercetin activities and their established safety records as over-the-counter medicinal substances suggest that they may represent viable candidates for further considerations of their potential utility as COVID-19 pandemic mitigation agents. Quercetin has been identified as one of top-scoring candidate therapeutics in the supercomputer SUMMIT drug-docking screen and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) of expression profiling experiments (EPEs), indicating that highly similar structurally Quercetin, Luteolin, and Eriodictyol could serve as efficient inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. GSEA and EPEs identify multiple drugs, smoking, and many disease conditions, including seasonal and pandemic H1N1, that appear to act as putative coronavirus infection-promoting agents. Discordant patterns of Testosterone versus Estradiol impacts on SARS-CoV-2 targets suggest a plausible molecular explanation of the apparently higher male mortality during coronavirus pandemic. Age-associated Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to high mortality of older adults and elderly. Observations reported in this contribution are intended to facilitate follow-up targeted experimental studies and, if warranted, randomized clinical trials to identify and validate therapeutically-viable interventions to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dendrimers Chemistry and Applications: A Short Review

Dendrimers, also known as cascade molecules, arborols, cauliflower or starburst polymers. They are monodisperse, symmetrical, macromolecules with tree like 3D-architecture consists of end-groups, central core and branching units associated to periphery and possess extremely constraint size, topography and surface characteristics like density, backfolding, intrinsic viscosity, light harvesting property, photophysical properties that are fairly distinct from linear polymers. Different types of dendrimers, on the basis of their different properties and associated functional groups, has been studied yet in which one of the unique group of dendrimers is dendrtic co-polymer possess two types, first are layer block dendrimers and second are segment block dendrimers. Some new types of dendrimers like IrC3, IrCl and IrF2 have been also synthesized by divergent or convergent methods of synthesis. Dendrimers have a lot of applications in different fields like nanotechnology, medical chemistry, light harvesting materials, as sensors, antibacterial and anti-microbial activity. A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y Received: Dec 23 2019 Accepted: Jan 23, 2020
The perceptions of medical specialists on the influence of Electronic Medical Record use on the quality of hospital care.

Background: Numerous publications show that Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems may provide an important contribution to increasing the quality and effectiveness of care. There are indications that particularly the medical specialist plays an important role in the implementation of EMR systems in hospitals. Our goal in this study is to answer the question: which positive or negative factors influence, in the perception of medical specialists, the relation between the EMR use and the quality of medical care? Methods: To answer this question, a qualitative study was conducted in the period August until October 2018. Semi-structured interviews of around 90 minutes were held with twelve medical specialists of twelve different Dutch hospitals. For the analysis of the answers, we used the classification of factors that can influence the implementation of EMR systems based on a previously published taxonomy.Results: The participating interviewees were experienced medical specialists. Their experience within the hospitals concerned varies between 5 and 27 years. There is a spread across different types of hospitals and specialisms. When the answers received are categorised using a previously published taxonomy, the medical specialist considered technical factors the most significant barriers for EMR use to have a positive effect on quality of care, followed by the suboptimal change processes surrounding implementation. The categories ‘social’ and ‘psychological’ and ‘time’ come in at a shared third place. On the positive side, they also identified potential technical facilitators, particularly in the assured availability of information to all health professionals involved in the care of a patient. They see promise in using EMRs for medical decision support to improve quality of care, but consider these capabilities currently lacking.Conclusions: In comparison with the paper record, the interviewed medical specialists consider the digitalised record a great leap forward. Every involved health professional can access the patient data if desired at any time they need it. However, in practice, real quality improvement lags behind as long as, for instance, no one uses decision support no one uses decision support, good integrated analytic tools are missing, and the organisation of care is not adapted to these new possibilities.
Conditions for Early Application of Interlocking Intramedullary Nails for Closed Tibial Shaft Fractures in Severe Polytrauma Patients

Objective: To investigate the conditions for the early application of interlocking intramedullary nails in closed fractures of the tibial shaft in patients with severe polytrauma, by comparing with classic external fixators. Methods: A retrospective analysis was done on 33 cases of closed fracture of the tibial shaft in severe polytrauma patients. The patients had the following characteristics: New Injury Severity Score (NISS) <50; no shock; and no condition of the lethal triad: acidosis, body temperature <35.0C, or coagulopathy. All cases were divided into two groups and compared with each other (intramedullary nail group [18 cases] and external fixator group [15 cases]). Results: The follow-up time was 6–24 months. The interlocking intramedullary nail group showed better results than the external fixator group in bony callus time (4.7 ± 0.8 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5 weeks, P < 0.05) and bony union time (13.2 ± 1.4 vs. 15.4 ± 2.0 weeks, P < 0.05); however, they showed a much longer operation time (52.8 ± 11.3 vs. 40.7 ± 11.0 min, P < 0.05) and higher blood loss (239.4 ± 69.1 vs.139.3 ± 82.2 mL, P < 0.05). The preoperative and postoperative pH, temperature, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time were not significantly different between the two groups. There were also no statistically significant differences in complications, mortality, and Johner-Wruhs score between the two groups. Conclusion: In severe polytrauma patients with NISS <50, no shock, and no condition of the lethal triad, better effects can be achieved with interlocking intramedullary nails than with external fixators in closed tibial shaft fractures.
The black box problem of AI in oncology

The rapidly increasing amount and complexity of data in healthcare, the pace of published research, drug development, biomarker discovery, and clinical trial enrolment in oncology renders AI an approach of choice in the development of machine assisted methods for data analysis and machine assisted decision making. Machine learning algorithms, and artificial neural networks in particular, drive recent successes of AI in oncology. Performances of AI driven methods continue to improve with respect to both speed and precision thus leading to a great potential for AI to improve clinical practice. But the acceptance and a lasting breakthrough of AI in clinical practice is hampered by the black box problem. The black box problem refers to limits in the interpretability of results and to limits in explanatory functionality. Addressing the black box problem has become a major focus of research [1]. This talk describes recent attempts to addressing the black box problem in AI, offers a discussion on the suitability of those attempts for applications to oncology, and provides some future directions.
Sentiment Analysis for Troll Activity Detection on Sina Weibo

The impact of social media on the modern world is difficult to overstate. Virtually all companies and public figures have social media accounts on popular platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. In China, the micro-blogging service provider Sina Weibo is the most popular such service. To overcome negative publicity, Weibo trolls the so called Water Army can be hired to post deceptive comments. In recent years, troll detection and sentiment analysis have been studied, but we are not aware of any research that considers troll detection based on sentiment analysis. In this research, we focus on troll detection via sentiment analysis with other user activity data gathered on the Sina Weibo platform, where the content is mainly in Chinese. We implement techniques for Chinese sentence segmentation, word embeddings, and sentiment score calculations. We employ the resulting techniques to develop and test a sentiment analysis approach for troll detection, based on a variety of machine learning strategies. Experimental results are generated, analyzed and the troll detection model we proposed achieved 89% accuracy for the dataset presented in this research. A Chrome extension is presented that implements our proposed technique, which enables real-time troll detection and troll comments filtering when a user browses Sina Weibo tweets and comments.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aqueous Extract of the Root Bark of Capparis Erythrocarpos

Background: Capparis erythrocarpos is a medicinal plant that is used extensively in folklore medicine in Ghana to manage various inflammatory conditions. Previous pharmacological study showed that an ethanolic extract of the roots of Capparis erythrocarpos may have antiinflammatory activity. However, no attempt has been made to investigate the basis of the effect(s), if any, of the aqueous extract on the inflammatory processes or ascertain its safety. Aim: The aim of this study was to verify claims in folklore medicine that the aqueous extract of the root bark of Capparis erythrocarpos has anti-inflammatory activity, as well as to ascertain its safety in animal models. Methodology: The extract was prepared by extraction of the pulverized root of C. erythrocarpos with water in a Soxhlet extractor. Reaction time, volume of paw oedema, weight of section of mouse pinna, and white blood cells (WBC) count in inflammatory exudates, were used as measurable indicators of the inflammatory processes, namely, perception of pain, increased capillary permeability, vasodilation and recruitment of white blood cells. In each of the respective inflammation studies, 25 rats (150 230 g) or mice (24 30 g) of both sexes were randomly selected and assigned to 5 treatment groups of 5 rats each (cohort). One group received normal saline (control) whiles two other treatment groups received specified dose levels of the extract (20 – 80 mg/kg). In all cases, an internal standard (morphine, indomethacin or celecoxib) was employed. The animals were subjected to the appropriate stimulus, the individual responses were measured and the mean responses of the cohorts determined. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug. edu.gh