Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Landscape Character in Cork Oak Forest Expansion in Sardinia: Constraint or Opportunity?

Cork oak (Quercus suber) is a declining woodland species across the island of Sardinia, despite its former economic importance for wine production and its significance for biodiversity. In particular, cork oak forests (COFs) on the island have seen a 29% decrease in the past 45 years. A spatial GIS model was developed to determine suitability for the expansion of cork oak forests on the island. The model uses a set of simple spatial decision rules based on principles of landscape ecology and expert opinion to assign a suitability score for pure cork oak forests to every land use parcel in Sardinia. These rules include the type of existing land parcel, its size, distance to existing cork oak forest, and the area of seminatural habitats in its neighborhood. This was coupled with a map of landscape types to assist with the development of policy for the protection of cork oak forests across Sardinia. The results show that there is an area of 116,785 ha potentially suitable for cork oak forest expansion in Sardinia, with the largest area of potential habitat on granitic mountains. There is a substantial overall agreement (Cohen’s kappa = 0.61) between the suitability map produced and the historical reference map. The model is flexible and can be rerun to reflect changes in policy relating to agri-environmental targets for habitats and species.
Kurumsal Yönetim Çerçevesinde Denetim Mekanizmaları ve Kar Payı Dağıtım Politikası İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği

Firmalarda uygulanan kurumsal yonetim mekanizmalari kar payi dagitim politikalarini etkiler mi? Firmalarin uyguladiklari kar payi dagitim politikalarinda kurumsal yonetim mekanizmalarindan biri olan denetim komitesinin rolu nedir? Bu sorulardan hareketle, bu calismanin amaci denetim mekanizmalari ile nakit kar payi dagitim politikasi arasindaki iliskiyi incelemektir. Calismanin analizleri, 2002-2014 yillari arasinda Borsa Istanbul endeksinde kayitli olan firmalara ait veriler ele alinarak gerceklestirilmistir. Analiz surecinde, Sistem GMM tahmin yontemi kullanilarak regresyon analizleri gerceklestirilmistir. Analizler sonucunda, denetim komitesinin bagimsizlik duzeyi arttikca, firmada nakit kar payi dagitim orani artmaktadir. Calismada elde edilen bir diger bulgu ise, yonetim kurulunun buyuklugu ile nakit kar payi dagitim orani arasinda istatistiksel acidan anlamli dogrusal olmayan bir iliski elde edilmistir. Elde edilen bulgular, firmalarda denetim komitesinin onemini ortaya koymaktadir. Dolayisiyla, bu calisma kurumsal yonetim uygulamalarinin Borsa Istanbul endeksinde kayitli firmalarin kar payi dagitim kararlari uzerinde bir etkisi oldugu sonucunu ortaya koymustur. Calismanin sonuclarina dayanarak, kurumsal yonetim uygulamalarindan olan denetim mekanizmalarinin gelistirilmesi sonucunda, yatirimcilar acisindan nakit kar payi dagitimi konusunda etkinligin saglanabilecegi anlasilmaktadir.
Disgusted and Afraid: Consumer Choices under the Threat of Contagious Disease

Consumers regularly encounter cues of contagious disease in daily life—a commuter sneezes on the train, a colleague blows their nose in a meeting, or they read recent headlines about the dangerous spread of a disease. Research has overwhelmingly argued that the dominant response to these cues is disgust—an emotion that leads to a desire to reject and avoid potential contamination. We argue, however, that contagious disease cues can also elicit fear. Across four experiments and two large empirical data analyses of the presence of contagious disease on actual consumption behavior, we find that cues of contagious disease increase both fear and disgust, and these emotions together form a unique behavioral tendency with respect to consumer behavior. Relative to either emotion alone, disgust and fear increase preference for more-familiar products asymmetrically over less-familiar ones. These results contribute theoretically to research on complex emotional states and the behavioral tendencies of emotions, document a systematic and consequential impact of contagious disease cues on real consumption behavior, and have significant practical implications for marketers.
Potential biomass and distribution of octopus in the eastern part of the Campeche Bank (Yucatán, Mexico)

The octopus fishery on the Campeche Bank (Yucatan, Mexico) is considered the third largest in the world. In Yucatan, two fleets target this resource: an artisanal fleet and a semi-industrial fleet. The artisanal fleet only catches Octopus maya, while the semi-industrial fleet catches two species, O. Maya and O. “vulgaris” Type II, because it operates at deeper waters ( > 30 m). Since there is no information on the abundance of O. “vulgaris” Type II, management is based only on O. Maya. In order to generate information about the abundance of this species, four fishing research cruises were carried out in the northeastern area of the continental shelf off the Yucatan Peninsula. Four methods (a stratified random method, a swept area, geostatistics and a weighted swept area) were applied and compared to determine the instantaneous abundance and biomass of both species in the study area. The lowest potential biomass was calculated with the geostatistical method, with values between 18.5% and 36.7% lower than the other three methods. O. “vulgaris” Type II showed the lowest biomass (37.8±3.36 t) during May and July and the highest (189.56±11.6 t) in December. Our findings revealed that the total abun­dance of both species was similar in the study area, with a geographic overlap whose amplitude changed throughout the year according to the geographic position: O. Maya dominated at approximately 88°W, while O. “vulgaris” Type II dominated towards the southeast at 87°W.
Growth, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus in response to dietary inclusion of hydrolyzed salmon meal and pH adjustment

ABSTRACT In this study, we aimed to investigate the inclusion effect of hydrolyzed salmon meal (HSM) in combination with enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESBM) with or without pH adjustment to completely replace dietary FM on the growth, body composition, and the distal intestine condition of the fish. For that purpose, four experimental diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic and to contain 400 g kg−1 crude protein and 80 g kg−1 lipid. A reference diet contained 150 g kg−1 FM, 450 g kg−1 soybean meal (SBM), and 39.5 g kg−1 ESBM, and the second diet was formulated replacing FM with 190.6 g kg−1 ESBM. The third diet was produced by supplementing 40 g kg−1 hydrolyzed salmon meal (4% HSM) into the diet formulation at the expense of ESBM, and the fourth diet was produced similar with the third diet, but the pH of the diet was adjusted to match the value in the reference diet (4% HSMA). All test diets were supplemented with taurine at the level of 5 g kg−1. Diets were fed to apparent satiation to triplicate groups of Florida pompano juveniles (mean weight 11.88 ± 0.18 g). After 8 weeks of growth, there were no significant differences in the final weight, percentage weight gain, thermal growth coefficient, feed intake, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio in fish offered the various diets. Nor were significant differences observed in the dry matter composition of the fish in all treatments and only minor changes in the histomorphological of distal intestine as the FM was replaced by plant ingredients. Overall, the adjustment of pH level of the diet containing 4% HSMA did not have any significant effect on the growth and physiological function of fish compared to the group of fish fed with diet without pH adjustment.
Conservación in vitro de chayote (Sechium Edule)

Conservacion in vitro de chayote (Sechium edule). La tecnica de conservacion in vitro a mediano plazo fue examinada en chayote. Para ello se determino la supervivencia de los brotes despues de la adicion de altas concentraciones de sacarosa (0, 30, 50, 60, 70 y 80 g/l) y acido acetil salicilico (10-9, 10-6 y 10-3 M) al medio de cultivo, de disminuciones en la temperatura de crecimiento (16, 18, 20, 22 y 25°C) y combinaciones de estos factores, en Costa Rica, en 1997. Se encontro que los brotes mantuvieron altos porcentajes de viabilidad despues de ser conservados durante seis meses en los tratamientos evaluados. Debido a la apariencia mas vigorosa y a la coloracion mas verde que presentaron las plantulas, se considero que el mejor tratamiento fue la adicion de 60 g/l de sacarosa al medio de cultivo combinado con la incubacion a 16°C.
A Study on CNN-Based Detection of Psyllids in Sticky Traps Using Multiple Image Data Sources

Deep learning architectures like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are quickly becoming the standard for detecting and counting objects in digital images. However, most of the experiments found in the literature train and test the neural networks using data from a single image source, making it difficult to infer how the trained models would perform under a more diverse context. The objective of this study was to assess the robustness of models trained using data from a varying number of sources. Nine different devices were used to acquire images of yellow sticky traps containing psyllids and a wide variety of other objects, with each model being trained and tested using different data combinations. The results from the experiments were used to draw several conclusions about how the training process should be conducted and how the robustness of the trained models is influenced by data quantity and variety.
Experimental failure analysis and mechanical performance evaluation of fiber-metal sandwich laminates interleaved with polyamide-6,6 interlayers through the combined usage of acoustic emission, thermography and microscopy techniques

Abstract Fiber-metal laminates are hybrid sandwich composite structures made of thin metallic sheets and layers of fiber-reinforced plastics. In this study, for the first time, the effects of polyamide 66 nonwoven interlayers on the tensile, three-point bending, interlaminar shear strength, and low velocity impact responses of fiber-metal laminates are investigated by coupling acoustic emission, thermography, and microscopy techniques. The fiber-metal laminates are interleaved with polyamide 66 nonwoven fabrics at two different areal weight density, namely, 17 gsm (grams per square meter) and 50 gsm. The tensile, bending, interlaminar shear strength, and low velocity impact tests are carried out in accordance with the ASTM standards. During the tensile and flexural tests, acoustic emission data are collected to understand damage types occurring under various loading conditions and, in turn, clearly shed light on the performance of polyamide 66 for interfacial strengthening in fiber-metal laminates. The results of acoustic emission investigation are correlated with the optical and scanning electron microscope-based microscopic analysis. It is shown that the interlaminar shear strength of fiber-metal laminates can be increased significantly (about 42%) by using polyamide 66 nonwoven interlayers. The impacted fiber-metal laminate specimens are examined to determine damage area and length using the lock-in thermography method. It is found that the polyamide 66 interlayers decrease the debonded length and damaged area up to 39 and 32%, respectively. The tensile and flexural strength and modulus of the fiber-metal laminate are not significantly affected by the presence of polyamide 66 interlayers, except a negligible drop in the value of tensile and flexural strength by 6 and 4%, respectively. The polyamide 66 interlayers are proved to be very successful in enhancing plastic deformation ability of the matrix and bonding efficiency between aluminum and composite sections.
Classification of Tertiary fossil Donaciinae of North America and their implications about evolution of Donaciinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Specimens of Donacia primaeva Wickham from the Oligocene Florissant shales of Colorado are indistinguishable from male specimens of the extant species Plateumaris nitida (Germar), and are assigned to the P. nitida group. A fossil from the Late Paleocene Paskapoo Formation of Alberta (Donacia wightoni n.sp.) is the oldest fossil of Donaciinae, assigned to Donacia (Donacia), an ecologically and structurally highly derived subgenus. Both species are assigned to small groups of extant species which are not the most primitive Donaciinae. They are similar to extant taxa, which suggests they have maintained considerable structural stasis over a long period of time.
Book Review: Stine Lindahl Jacobsen, Eric G. Waldon and Gustavo Gattino (eds), Music Therapy Assessment: Theory, Research, and Application

There has been a long-standing debate around the relevance and usefulness of (standardised) assessment in music therapy. In my experience, Music Therapists sometimes feel that assessment in music therapy is reductionist and that, by trying to measure or analyse or quantify what happens in a music therapy relationship, it somehow takes something away from the spontaneous creativity and connection that comes from shared musical experience. This position reminds me of the famous quote ‘writing about music is like dancing about architecture’ (Sperrazza, 1979) that seems to express the challenge of trying to articulate what happens when someone has a musical experience. As Music Therapists we have all had those experiences and understand, perhaps more than most, the capacity that music has to bring about observable, positive changes in clients that we work with. I would argue that it is our responsibility to be able to articulate these experiences coherently and concisely in order to be able to communicate with our clients, their families, our colleagues in other disciplines, employers and commissioners about the unique affect that musical experiences can have. Without assessment, how do we, as clinicians, know how to apply music in the most effective way in order to bring about positive change? In the foreword to this book, Barbara Wheeler states,
Household level health and socio-economic vulnerabilities and the COVID-19 crisis: An analysis from the UK

Objectives. To investigate how COVID-19-related health and socio-economic vulnerabilities occur at the household level, and how they are distributed across household types and geographical areas in the United Kingdom. Design. Cross-sectional, nationally representative study. Setting. The United Kingdom. Participants. ~19,500 households. Main outcome measures. Using multiple household-level indicators and principal components analysis, we derive summary measures representing different dimensions of household vulnerabilities critical during the COVID-19 epidemic: health, employment, housing, financial and digital. Results. Our analysis highlights three key findings. First, although COVID-19 health risks are concentrated in retirement-age households, a substantial proportion of working age households also face these risks. Second, different types of households exhibit different vulnerabilities, with working-age households more likely to face financial, housing and employment precarities, and retirement-age households health and digital vulnerabilities. Third, there are area-level differences in the distribution of vulnerabilities across England and the constituent countries of the United Kingdom. Conclusions. The findings imply that the short- and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis are likely to vary by household type. Policy measures that aim to mitigate the health and socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic should consider how vulnerabilities cluster together across different household types, and how these may exacerbate already existing inequalities.
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON PEROXISOMES OF RAT LIVERS DURING DEHP ADMINISTRATION AND AFTER WITHDRAWAL ON THICK SECTIONS BY MEANS OF LIGHT MICROSCOPY AND HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Peroxisomal changes of rat livers were examined during DEHP (di-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate) administration and after withdrawal. Twelve male Wistar rats were fed with the chow containing 2% (w/w) DEHP. Two rats were killed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. Eight rats were fed with the same chow for 14 days and two each were killed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after DEHP was withdrawn. Two from eight normal control rats were killed at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. Liver tissues were prefixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, processed through DAB reaction, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and were embedded in Epon. The 0. 5μm thick sections were observed by light microscopy and high voltage electron microscopy. In experimental livers, increases in number and size of peroxisomes were observed. The induced peroxisomes were larger, less intensely DAB positive and of lower electron dense than those of the controls. After the withdrawal, the number and size of peroxisomes decreased to a normal level in one week. Each peroxisome induced with DEHP might have a low content of catalase and high volume of the enzyme protein employed in fatty acyl-CoA oxidation. There is heterogeneity of peroxisomes from the morphological and histochemical viewpoint.
Campanula cichoracea (Campanulaceae), a neglected species from the Balkan-Carpathian C. lingulata complex as inferred from molecular and morphological characters

Abstract Škondrić S. , Aleksić J. M. & Lakušić D. : Campanula cichoracea (Campanulaceae), a neglected species from the Balkan-Carpathian C. lingulata complex as inferred from molecular and morphological characters. — Willdenowia 44: 77–96. 19 March 2014. — Version of record published online ahead of inclusion in April 2014 issue; ISSN 1868-6397; © 2014 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3372/wi.44. 44111 The taxonomically intricate Campanula lingulata complex confined to the Balkan Peninsula is reviewed using molecular and morphological data. An extensive sample of 62 individuals for phylogenetic analyses and 402 individuals for morphometric analysis from 17 populations across the species range was used. The phylogenetic analyses based on two chloroplast intergenic spacers (trnGUCC-trnSGCU and psbA-trnH) and morphological analysis based on 50 characters revealed two allopatrically distributed lineages of the C. lingulata complex that comprise individuals from the C and S Balkans, respectively. Both molecular and morphological data allowed us to re-establish C. cichoracea Sm. , a species endemic to Thessaly in Greece. This species can easily be distinguished from C. lingulata s.str. by its calyx appendages hairy on the margins and adaxial side, and ovary continuously downwards hairy all over the surface. Molecular characters that can be used to distinguish these two species comprise four parsimony-informative substitutions within trnGUCC-trnSGCU, and a microsatellite with a dinucleotide (AT) motif present only within the psbA-trnH region in C. lingulata. Further studies are required for resolving the taxonomic status of the remaining Macedonian and Rhodopean sub-lineages from the S Balkans.
A comparison of bacterial communities from OMZ sediments in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal reveals major differences in nitrogen turnover and carbon recycling potential

ABSTRACT The Northern Indian Ocean hosts two Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ), one in the Arabian Sea and the other in the Bay of Bengal. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to understand the total bacterial diversity in, the surface sediment off Goa within the OMZ of the Arabian Sea, and off Paradeep within the OMZ of the Bay of Bengal. Functional profiling was carried out to pinpoint the occurrence of specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which have been previously described to harbour certain genes/enzymes relevant to biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds. The dominant phyla identified included Firmicutes (33.08%) and Proteobacteria (32.59%) from the Arabian Sea, and Proteobacteria (52.65%) and Planctomycetes (9.36%) from the Bay of Bengal. Only 30% of OTUs were shared between the sites which make up three-fourth of the Bay of Bengal OMZ bacterial community, but only one-fourth of the Arabian Sea OMZ sediment bacterial community. Statistical analysis indicated the bacterial diversity from sediments of the Bay of Bengal OMZ is ∼48% higher than the Arabian Sea OMZ. The community analysis combined with a predictive functional profiling of 16S rRNA amplicons revealed some major differences regarding sediment nitrogen fixation and carbon recycling, and identified a distinct bacterial community structure within the two shallow OMZ sites lying in the east coast and west coast of the peninsular India.
Simultaneous estimation of occupancy and detection probabilities: an illustration using Cincinnatian brachiopods

Abstract Preservation in the fossil record is never perfect in the sense that we cannot sample all individuals of a given population in time and space. Incomplete detection (i.e., preservation and modern-day sampling of fossils) often affects estimates of other paleobiological parameters of interest, such as occupancy and turnover. Here, I simultaneously model the occupancy and detection probability of taxa, teasing apart the zeros in data that reflect true absences and those that imply non-detection of taxa that were actually present in the space and time of interest. Occupancy modeling, an approach first developed in population ecology, can easily incorporate covariates of interest, such as sampling effort and habitat variables. I use a data set of brachiopod taxa from the Paleozoic to illustrate the utility of this approach for paleontological questions. I demonstrate a range of models, including those that allow colonization between time intervals and those that incorporate facies as site covariates. I also suggest how future data collection can be improved so that process- and sampling-oriented approaches such as occupancy modeling can be applied with ease to paleobiological settings to answer important paleoecological and evolutionary questions.
The functional neuroanatomy of major depression: an fMRI study using an emotional activation paradigm

AN important issue regarding the neural basis of major depression is whether the functional brain changes associated with the affect disturbance seen in this syndrome are similar to those that accompany transient sadness in normal subjects. To address this question, we carried out an fMRI study using an emotional activation paradigm. Brain activity associated with passive viewing of an emotionally laden film clip aimed at inducing a transient state of sadness was contrasted with that associated with passive viewing of an emotionally neutral film clip in patients suffering from unipolar depression and in normal control subjects. Results showed that transient sadness produced significant activation in the medial and inferior prefrontal cortices, the middle temporal cortex, the cerebellum and the caudate in both depressed and normal subjects. They also revealed that passive viewing of the emotionally laden film clip produced a significantly greater activation in the left medial prefrontal cortex and in the right cingulate gyrus in depressed patients than in normal control subjects. These findings suggest that these two cortical regions might be part of a neural network implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression. Taken together, these results strongly support the view that activation paradigms represent an extremely useful and powerful way of delineating the functional anatomy of the various symptoms that characterize major depression.