Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and biophysical studies on adenosine receptors and their interaction partners

Adenosine receptors are heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate the effects of the endogenous agonist adenosine. The adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) is the least explored among the four human adenosine receptor subtype members (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) and it is implicated in both neuroprotective and neurodegenerative effects. During the course of this work, the production of the recombinant human A3R in yeast and insect cells was evaluated and heteromerization between the human adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) was studied. A3R with carboxyl-terminal GFP tag was expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae upto 15 mg per litre of culture. Another yeast Pichia pastoris increased the expression up to 108 mg/L of the same receptor when grown in bioreactors. Despite the very high expression levels, purification of A3R from both yeasts was a daunting task, as the aggregation of the receptor could not be averted. In this study, insect cells have been found out to be more suitable host for A3R expression: 10μg of the monomeric A3R could be purified from one liter of insect cell culture. For successful crystallization thermostability of the A3R was to be improved. This work has demonstrated that insertion of T4L, a fusion protein, in the third intracellular loop of A3R increased the thermostability of the receptor by 10°C. As a next step, the combination of point mutations based on alanine-scanning mutagenesis and a fusion protein approach could be useful to stabilize and further crystallize the A3R. This work has demonstrated that the amounts of A3R expressed in insect cells and the final yield of the receptor isolated by affinity purifications, forms a good basis for the beginning of biochemical characterization Receptor heteromerization is a mechanism used by GPCRs to diversify their signaling properties and functions. The human A2AR and D2R heteromers exist in the GABAergic enkephalinergic neurons. The domains responsible for forming intermolecular contacts were purified from Escherichia coli (E. coli). Using biochemical/biophysical techniques such as nativePAGE and mass spectrometry, It was validated that purified carboxyl-terminus of the A2AR and the 3rd intracellular loop of D2R form heterodimers. The investigation of purified calmodulin protein binding to the 3rd intracellular loop of D2R showed that the protein-protein interactions are calcium dependent.
Focused Targeting against Poverty

This paper introduces a new methodology to target direct transfers against poverty. Our method is based on estimation methods that focus on the poor. Using data from Tunisia, we estimate ‘focused’ transfer schemes that highly improve anti-poverty targeting performances. Post-transfer poverty can be substantially reduced with the new estimation method. In terms of P2, the most popular axiomatically valid poverty indicator, moving from 1.30, the level reached under subsidies, to 0.36, the level reached with the best OLS method, costs about 2.9 percent of GDP. An additional reduction down to 0.25, that is another 30 percent reduction in poverty, requires only a few hours of statistician work. Finally, the obtained levels of under-coverage of the poor is so low that ‘proxy-means’ focused transfer schemes becomes a realistic alternative to price subsidies, likely to avoid social unrest.
Boundary Detection in Digital Images using Structural Forests Method Based on Contour Grouping and Reasoning

-Edge detection is carried out using high-quality and real-time structural forests method. Nevertheless, in the output of this method, edges with a width of more than one pixel as well as unreal edges that do not belong to any boundary can be seen. Applying thresholds to this output cannot also eliminate all of these disadvantages and sometimes leads to the removal of edge pixels resulting in a loss of performance. In this paper, by presenting the extended structural forests method based on contour grouping and reasoning, while eliminating the disadvantages of the basic structural forests edge detector and improving its performance, a precise and high-quality boundary detector is achieved. By using this method and according to the F-measure criterion, the performance of edge detection is improved 2.26% in total. The proposed algorithm can be used as an effective preprocessing stage in many image processing functions by providing accurate boundaries with a width of one pixel.
Phenotypic and Molecular Marker Based Screening of Coastal Rice Landraces under Salt Stress

Traditional rice landraces of coastal areas in Bangladesh are distinct in respect to their phenotypes, responses to salt stress and yield attributes. In characterization of coastal rice landraces, 46 rice genotypes were tested for salt tolerance at their seedling and reproductive growth stages. Through the cluster analysis following standard evaluation score (SES), genotypes were divided into five categories (highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately tolerant, tolerant and highly tolerant) at their seedling stage. Three coastal genotypes, viz. chorbindi, joyni and kedgrangal mota, were grouped as highly saline tolerant at their seedling stage. In studying reproductive stage salinity screening, based on mean score values obtained from different morphological and yield parameters (plant height, number of effective tillers/hill, number of filled grains, panicle length, 100-grain weight, and straw dry weight), kutiakon and kajolshail were identified as the salinity tolerant landraces while tulsimala, dudhkalom, birindi, bushihara, lalmota, chorboleshor, lalchikon and bashful chikon were found as moderately tolerant to salinity. Finally, the molecular characterization using two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, viz., RM493 and RM3412 revealed holde mota, dingamoni, kedgrangal mota, sada mota, laxmima, dishari, lal chikon, kalijira, kalo khaya, khaioz, chorbindi, kajolshail, kutiakon, bamonkhir, dudhmora, sakhorkhora, mota dhan, and sorbimaloti as tolerant landraces. These identified salt-tolerant landraces can be used as promising germplasm resources for breeding salt-tolerant high-yielding rice varieties in the future.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY WITH AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF DATE PALM POLLEN GRAINS AND LITHOVIT ON COMMON BEAN PLANTS UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION LEVELS

Two field experiments were carried out during two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018 at the Experimental Farm of Kaha Station, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt. The study investigated the effect of three irrigation levels (50%, 75% and 100%) from crop evapotraspiration (ETc) and five foliar spraytreatments by aqueous extract of date palm pollen grains at 1, 3 and 5 g/l, lithovit at 1 g/l and tap water (control) on common bean plants c.v. Nebraska. The effect of treatments on growth, seed yield, chemical characters as well as water use efficiency were studied. The recorded results illustrated that the plants sprayed by date palm pollen grains extract at 5 g/l and irrigated by 100% (968.72 m3 water/fad.) or 75% (726.54 m3 water/fad.) of irrigation water, gave the highest values of all vegetative growthparameters. On the other hand, the plants sprayed with date palm pollen grains extract at 1, 3 or 5 g/l followed by lithovit at 1 g/l, respectively and irrigated by 100% or 75% of irrigation water gave the highest value for each of number of pods/plant, weight of 1000 seeds and total dry seed yield ton/fad. , compared to the control, i.e. water foliar spray treatment in both growing seasons. Water use efficiency (WUE) decreased when the amount of irrigation water increased to 100% ETc and the highest values were obtained from 50% treatment followed by 75% Etc. Moreover, the plants sprayed with date palm pollen grains extract at 5, 3 or 1 g/l, respectively,followed by lithovit at 1 g/L (nano-fertilizer) showed the highest values of WUE. Generally, it can recommend by spraying common bean plants by date palm pollen grains extract at (5, 3 or 1 g/l)respectively,followed by lithovit at 1 g/l (nano-fertilizer) with irrigation at level of 75% from ETc to obtain the highest seed yield with the best quality and the favorable water use efficiency at the same time saving 25% from water irrigation quantity.
Rupture-dependent breakdown energy in fault models with
thermo-hydro-mechanical processes

Abstract. Substantial insight into earthquake source processes has resulted from considering frictional ruptures analogous to cohesive-zone shear cracks from fracture mechanics. This analogy holds for slip-weakening representations of fault friction that encapsulate the resistance to rupture propagation in the form of breakdown energy, analogous to fracture energy, prescribed in advance as if it were a material property of the fault interface. Here, we use numerical models of earthquake sequences with enhanced weakening due to thermal pressurization of pore fluids to show how accounting for thermo-hydro-mechanical processes during dynamic shear ruptures makes breakdown energy rupture-dependent. We find that local breakdown energy is neither a constant material property nor uniquely defined by the amount of slip attained during rupture, but depends on how that slip is achieved through the history of slip rate and dynamic stress changes during the rupture process. As a consequence, the frictional breakdown energy of the same location along the fault can vary significantly in different earthquake ruptures that pass through. These results suggest the need for re-examining the assumption of pre-determined frictional breakdown energy common in dynamic rupture modeling and for better understanding of the factors that control rupture dynamics in the presence of thermo-hydro-mechanical processes.
Review of Researches on Techno-Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Hybrid Energy Systems

1, 2, 3, 4 Advanced Power and Green Energy Research Group, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria 2 National Centre for Hydropower Research and Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria E-mail: saoladeji@nachred.org. ng 5 Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
Anti-diarrhoeal activity of aqueous extract of Cochlospermum planchonii (Hook Fx. Planch) leaves in female Wistar rats

Background: The folkloric use of Cochlospermum planchonii is yet to be substantiated with scientific evidence. Aim: The aqueous extract of C. planchonii leaves was evaluated for anti-diarrhoeal activity at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight in female Wistar rats. Setting: This research is a phytopharmacological investigation. Methods: Animal were monitored for indicators of diarrhoea in the 3 models after treatments. Results: An aqueous extract of C. planchonii leaves contained 10 secondary metabolites, with alkaloids (16.05 mg/L) occurring the most, whilst quinones (0.7 mg/L) were the least. The extract significantly ( p < 0.05) prolonged the onset time of diarrhoea, decreased water content, fresh weight and total number of wet faeces in a dose-dependent manner, and increased the percentage inhibition of defecation. The extract produced dose-specific changes on intestinal superoxide dismutase, glucose and reduced glutathione whereas the levels of intestinal Na + /K + -ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, nitric oxide were significantly ( p < 0.05) increased in the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model. The masses and volumes of intestinal fluid decreased significantly ( p < 0.05) whereas the inhibition of intestinal fluid content increased like those of atropine-treated diarrhoeal rats in the enteropooling model. The extract dose-dependently decreased the distance travelled by the charcoal meal and increased the intestinal nitric oxide and acetylcholinesterase in the charcoal meal transit model. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of C. planchonii leaves exhibited anti-diarrhoeal activity via anti-motility and anti-secretory means. The flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenolics and saponins might have acted to enhance the activities of Na + /K + -ATPase, antioxidant enzymes, intestinal glucose levels and the neurotransmitters.
Using machine learning and satellite radar to detect "silent" earthquakes in the Zagros Mountains, Iran

Project Abstract: This research project aims to design deep learning based algorithms that can be trained on freely and abundantly available InSAR data in an unsupervised manner to identify, analyse and track deformation of the Earth’s crust. Whilst most medium-large magnitude earthquakes are detected by global networks of seismometers, many other tectonically important deformation events, for example aseismic/slow slip events or low magnitude earthquakes, often remain undetected. Since 2016 senitinel-1 is continuously recording movements across the globe and the change in movement is computed in the InSAR. A methodology is devised that is presented in this report with some preliminary results that show promising outcomes in terms of identifying movements caused by an earthquake. A fully convolutional autoencoder consisting of convolutional LSTMs (Long Short Term Memory) is trained on velocity patterns (calculated in radians/ days) of a location with respect to time. The model reconstructs these velocity maps with low error whereas when a synthesized anomalous time frame occurs in a sequence it identifies it with a high error. This unsupervised way of learning will not only identify movements caused by earthquakes but also will allow future scientists to take advantage from the semi-supervised labelled patterns which will be the output during the testing of our model. The test case of this project is the Zagros region of Iran, focusing on continental convergent boundaries, but to train a diverse model that can be used on any part of the world with all types of movements, the methodology is designed and being tested on the data from Turkey that is highly covered by the satellite. The qualitative and quantitative results are presented in this report with an overview of existing methods. The proposed methodology is new in the field of earth sciences and a valid application of deep learning in the field of computer sciences.
A framework for curriculum design to support mathematical sense making

An approach to the design of curriculum supporting student engagement in mathematical sense making (MSM) is discussed. This approach draws from a categorical framework for MSM that is situated in the PER and science education literature on mathematical modeling and sense making. Two pieces of curricula spanning both content (the photoelectric effect and geometric optics) and course context (STEM-major versus non-STEM-major) designed using this framework are analyzed for the reasoning structures they are designed to scaffold.
Systematic Reviews in Model-Driven Engineering: A Tertiary study

To cope with growing complexity of software-intensive systems, model-driven engineering (MDE) has become a widely used approach in the industry by providing many (potential) benefits with different purposes. Although there has been an increasing interest in conducting secondary studies among MDE researchers such as surveys, systematic mapping (SM) and systematic literature review (SLR), there have been no tertiary study to synthesize the findings from all these existing secondary studies, which also examines various characteristics of software modeling (e.g., purposes, benefits and challenges) as a meta-analysis. In order to investigate and understand the state-of-the-practices in MDE based on the modeling characteristics, we collected the set of all the existing 64 secondary studies in this field. By being a tertiary study, (i.e., a systematic review of systematic reviews), this article presents inputs for modeling stakeholders to better understand and use different purposes, benefits, and challenges of MDE by aggregating consolidated findings on this approach.
A Fully-Immersive Hapto-Audio-Visual Framework for Remote Touch

This paper presents the development of an open-source low-cost framework for a fully-immersive haptic, audio and visual experience. This framework is realised by exclusively adopting commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components and tools. In particular, vibration actuators and open-source electronics are employed in the design of a pair of novel and inexpensive haptic gloves. These gloves allow for establishing a kinesthetic link between a human operator interacting with a computer-generated environment. Remote touch applications are possible. In the context of Smart Cities, this technology may be adopted to enhance the interface between nature and culture by stimulating the senses or as a complement to the landscape.
High prevalence of 16 S rRNA methyltransferases among carbapenemase-producing 1 Enterobacteriaceae in the UK & Ireland . 2

23 The emergence of 16S rRNA methyltransferases (16S RMTases) worldwide is a growing 24 concern due to their ability to confer high-level resistance (MICs >256 mg/L) to all clinically25 relevant aminoglycosides. As the occurrence of 16S RMTases in the United Kingdom has 26 not been investigated to date, we screened 806 Enterobacteriaceae isolates displaying high27 level aminoglycoside resistance (amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin MICs ≥64, ≥32 and 28 ≥32 mg/L, respectively) for 16S RMTases either by analysing whole-genome sequence 29 (WGS) data (which were available for 449 isolates) or by PCR. A total of 94.5% (762/806) 30 pan-aminoglycoside resistant Enterobacteriaceae were positive for one or more 16S 31 RMTase genes; armA was the most common (340, 44.6%) followed by rmtC (146, 19.2%), 32 rmtF (137, 18.0%), rmtB (87, 11.4%) and various two gene combinations (52, 6.8%). Most 33 (93.4%; 712/762) 16S RMTase producers also carried acquired carbapenemase genes, with 34 blaNDM the most common (592/712; 83.1%). Additionally, high-risk bacterial clones 35 associated with blaNDM were identified in the subset of isolates with WGS data. These 36 included E. coli sequence types (STs) 405 [21.8%, 19/87], 167 [20.7%, 18/87] 410 [12.6%, 37 11/87] and K. pneumoniae STs 14 [35.6%, 112/315], 231 [15.6%, 49/315] and 147 [10.5%, 38 33/315]. These accounted for 4.2% [15/358], 5.0% [18/358], 3.1% [11/358], 28.2% 39 [101/358], 3.1% [11/358] and 7.0% [25/358] blaNDM-producing isolates, respectively. This 40 study shows that 16S RMTases occur in the UK & Ireland and carbapenemases are 41 particularly prevalent in 16S RMTase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. This association poses 42 a risk to the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections in the clinical setting. 43
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ENDODONTIC FLARE ENDODONTIC TREATMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Endodontic treatment involves the complete removal of the dental pulp f rubber dam, magnifying devices, electronic apex -driven rotary nickel titanium files among other equipment’s has it endodontic treatment can therefore be done in most of the -ups is a subset of postoperative pain which is moderate to severe postoperative patient’s routine. It is anunpleasant situation for both the dentist and the patient The purpose of this review is to analyse the effect of certain fact -ups in single visit and multiple visits root canal therapy. This review was conducted as per the PRISMA and JBI guide A total of 1652 vital and non-vital permanent teeth pooled from nine papers each postoperative pain in single visit and multiple visits root canal therapy certain factors like gender, teeth type, -ups in single visit and multiple visits root canal therapy appears conclusive. The study gender, teeth type, intracanal medicaments, vitality of the teeth and -operative pain on the post Endodontic flare-ups in single visit and multiple visits root The study found that there is no significant association between ity of the teeth and pre -ups in single visit and multiple visits root canal therapy. time needed for the treatment. Hence, single visit endodontic treatment can therefore be done in most of the cases. Flare-ups is atype of postoperative pain, moderate to severe in nature, which disrupts patient’s lifestyle that hours after treatment and can least lasts 48 hours, unscheduled visit by the patient and active treatment by the dentist. Different literatures relate to many factors with the incidence of post endodontic pain which includes gender, type of tooth, preobturationpain or preoperative pain, single/multiple visits, various medications used, instrumentation and obturation techniques and the vitality of the teeth. 2, 3 Keeping all the factors discussed systematic review was done to do a comparative systematic review on endodontic flare-ups in single visit and multiple Impact Factor: 6.614 20153-20157 . 20157.3928
Geomechanical Analysis to Avoid Serious Drilling Hazards in Zubair Oilfield, Southern Iraq

Zubair oilfield is an efficient contributor to the total Iraqi produced hydrocarbon. Drilling vertical wells as well as deviated and horizontal wells have been experiencing intractable challenges. Investigation of well data showed that the wellbore instability issues were the major challenges to drill in Zubair oilfield. These experienced borehole instability problems are attributed to the increase in the nonproductive time (NPT). This study can assist in managing an investment-drilling plan with less nonproductive time and more efficient well designing. To achieve the study objectives, a one dimension geomechanical model (1D MEM) was constructed based on open hole log measurements, including Gammaray (GR), Caliper (CALI), Density (RHOZ), sonic compression (DTCO) and shear (DTSM) wave velocities , and Micro imager log (FMI). The determined 1D MEM components, i.e., pore pressure, rock mechanical properties, in-situ principal stress magnitudes and orientations, were calibrated using the data acquired from repeated formation test (RFT), hydraulic fracturing test (Mini-frac), and laboratory rock core mechanical test (triaxial test). Then, a validation model coupled with three failure criteria, i.e., Mohr-Coulomb, Mogi-Coulomb, and Modified lade, was conducted using the Caliper and Micro-imager logs. Finally, sensitivity and forecasting stability analyses were implemented to predict the most stable wellbore trajectory concerning the safe mud window for the planned wells. The implemented wellbore instability analysis utilizing Mogi-Coulomb criterion demonstrated that the azimuth of 140 o paralleling to the minimum horizontal stress is preferable to orient deviated and horizontal wells. The vertical and slightly deviated boreholes (1ess than 30 o ) are the most stable wellbores, and they are recommended to be drilled with 11.6 -12 ppg mud weight. The highly deviated and horizontal wells are recommended to be drilled with a mud weight of 12-12.6 ppg.