Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from forest fire in the area of the Slovak Paradise National Park

Forests play a significant role in the protection of biodiversity and ecological functions. In the areas exposed to fire risks, forests are important carbon reservoirs, which represent a source of emissions during fires. Fire regime is not a characteristic feature of the Central European area. As global warming and climate change continues, fires threaten central European countries more frequently. In the past, fire risk was relatively low, and fires threatened Central Europe only under extreme weather fluctuations, but in the last years these anomalies have occurred more frequently, and it is assumed that their course and intensity will gradually increase. In the presented paper we deal with the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from forest fires. We base our work on the inventory methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We tried to apply its individual conceptions (TIER 1–3) in the conditions of Slovakia, and presented the problems of their applications. The results indicate that the conceptions differ in the quantification of biomass available for burning, which was underestimated in the case of TIER 1 conception in comparison to TIER 2 and TIER 3, and also in the quantification of emissions. The emissions produced during the flameless burning phase were underestimated, while the CO2 emissions were slightly overestimated when comparing TIER 2 and TIER 3 approaches. The final assessment of the whole process points out at the problematic issues in the calculations of GHG emissions. To determine the overall accuracy of this calculation it will be necessary to pay more attention to the mentioned problematic issues.
Why Do Migrants Remit? Empirical Evidence from Kenya

Aims: Remittances both external and internal are very important to the Kenyan economy. In view of this, this study improves the understanding of the drivers of remittances in Kenya. In addition, the study empirically tests the main theories of remittances namely altruism, self interest and implicit contractual agreement. Methodology: This paper analyzes migrant’s remittance behaviour in Kenya using household survey data from World Bank 2009 African Migration Project. Since a large share of migrants does not remit, Heckman sample selection model is suggested and estimated using Limited Information Maximum Likelihood method. Results: The results show that external migrants have a higher probability to remit and, on average send higher levels of remittances back home relative to internal migrants. Internal and external migrants with higher levels of education prior to migration and employed migrants remit more both at extensive and intensive margins. External migrants have a higher probability to remit and send larger amounts of money to higher-income households while internal migrants have a higher probability to remit and send higher levels to lower-income households. Conclusion: Therefore, the empirical results suggest that internal and external remittances are motivated by altruism and inter-temporal contractual agreement between a migrant and the household. The results also provide support for external remittances as being motivated by self-interest.
Two Staged Incentive Contract Based on Efficiency and Innovation: A Case Study of Critical Chain Project Management

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to define the relative optimal incentive contract to encourage employees to improve work efficiency effectively while implementing innovative behavior actively. Design/methodology/approach: This paper analyzes a two staged incentive contract coordinated with efficiency and innovation in Critical Chain Project Management using learning real options, based on principle-agent theory. The situational experiment is used to detect the validity check of this basic model. Finding: The two staged incentive scheme is more suitable for employees to create and implement learning real options, which will throw themselves into innovation process efficiently in the situation of Critical Chain Project Management. We prove that the combination of tolerance for early failure and reward for long-term success is effective in motivating innovation.
Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccines Based On Genotype VII Strains Provide Efficient Protection Against Challenge With Circulating Very Virulent Field Virus (Genotype VII) In Broiler Chickens

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks still occur and cause disastrous economic losses in broiler chickens despite intensive vaccination policies using genetically different vaccines from the circulating strains. This study aimed to compare protection conferred by different vaccination strategies using genotype matched (genotype VII) and mismatched vaccine (genotype I and II) against challenge with currently circulating viruses in broiler chickens. 175 one- day-old broiler chicks were divided in to 5 groups. Groups 1 to 4 (G1, G2, G3 and G4) were vaccinated using genotype I (Ulster 2C strain), genotype II (VG/GA strain) and genotype VII (KBNP-4152R2L strain) vaccines according to manufacturer's instructions and group 5 (G5) was kept as control. Protection assessed based on clinical protection, seroconversion, shedding and histopathology.Chickens vaccinated with live genotype II vaccine at 7 and 21 days of age and killed genotype VII vaccine at 7 days of age (G2) were completely protected clinically with no mortality compared with control non vaccinated chickens (G5) that showed typical NDV clinical picture with (100%) mortality. while, other vaccinated groups showed lower level of clinical protection with (2.8%) mortality for each group. Viral shedding was greatly reduced in groups vaccinated with inactivated recombinant genotype VII vaccine (G2 and G3) which recorded (0% & 0%) and (16.6% & 0%) at 7 & 10 days post challenge, respectively compared with groups vaccinated with inactivated genotype II vaccine (G1 and G4) regardless the genotype of the combined live vaccine (either genotype II or VII). Moreover, histopathology of control non vaccinated challenged group (G5) revealed severe lymphocytic depletion and necrosis, epithelial degeneration beside neurological lesions. It was concluded that using genotype matched NDV vaccine with the currently circulating field strains can provide adequate clinical protection and minimize virus shedding that can help in decreasing virus load in the environment.
A weighting scheme to incorporate large ensembles in multi-model ensemble projections

<p>Multi-model ensembles can be used to estimate uncertainty in projections of regional climate, but this uncertainty often depends on the constituents of the ensemble. The dependence of uncertainty on ensemble composition is clear when single model initial condition large ensembles (SMILEs) are included within a multi-model ensemble. SMILEs introduce new information into a multi-model ensemble by representing region-scale internal variability, but also introduce redundant information, by virtue of a single model being represented by 50&#8211;100 outcomes. To preserve the contribution of internal variability and ensure redundancy does not overwhelm uncertainty estimates, a weighting approach is used to incorporate 50-members of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2.2), 50-members of the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2), and 100-members of the MPI Grand Ensemble (MPI-GE) into an 88-member Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) multi-model ensemble. The weight assigned to each multi-model ensemble member is based on the member's ability to reproduce observed climate (performance) and scaled by a measure of historical redundancy (dependence). Surface air temperature (SAT) and sea level pressure (SLP) diagnostics are used to determine the weights, and relationships between present and future diagnostic behavior are discussed. A new diagnostic, estimated forced trend, is proposed to replace a diagnostic with no clear emergent relationship, 50-year regional SAT trend. </p><p>The influence of the weighting is assessed in estimates of Northern European winter and Mediterranean summer end-of-century warming in the CMIP5 and combined SMILE-CMIP5 multi-model ensembles. The weighting is shown to recover uncertainty obscured by SMILE redundancy, notably in Mediterranean summer. For each SMILE, the independence weight of each ensemble member as a function of the number of SMILE members included in the CMIP5 ensemble is assessed. The independence weight increases linearly with added members with a slope that depends on SMILE, region, and season. Finally, it is shown that the weighting method can be used to guide SMILE member selection if a subsetted ensemble with one member per model is sought. The weight a SMILE receives within a subsetted ensemble depends on which member is used to represent it, reinforcing the advantage of weighting and incorporating all initial condition ensemble members in multi-model ensembles. </p>
Text-based Student Questioning in EFL Settings: Long-term Strategy Implementation in Reciprocal Reading Tasks and Its Perception

It is common knowledge for contemporary teachers at all educational levels that reading literacy and learning attainment require adopting a strategic approach. This article reports the results of the classroom-based study in which a group of English Studies students were guided over a span of time in implementing text-based questions as a component of reciprocal reading tasks. The primary goal of the study was to trace changes appearing in the quality in the use of student-generated questioning in one-term reciprocal reading training and in delayed sessions, nine months later. Some changes were identified in the students’ actual performance by assessing the quality of the questions the students asked throughout the training and delayed sessions. Also, the students’ perceptions regarding the instruction routines they participated in were elicited by means of two interviews. The article puts forward some important insights from the study for organizing efficient classroom instruction in support of EFL students’ reading and learning achievement.
WHOLE GRAIN OF DIFFERENT CORN HYBRIDS IN THE FINISHING DIET OF LAMBS

The objective of this study was to compare whole grains of different corn hybrids in the finishing diet of lambs in terms of apparent digestibility, ingestive behavior and feedlot performance. Twenty-four crossbred lambs housed in individual pens were used. The animals were fed 7.35% hay and 92.65% concentrate (dry matter basis) containing 23.05% of a protein supplement plus 69.6% whole corn grains of the hybrids P3862, P4285 or Status for 72 days and were then slaughtered. The final body weight (40.82 kg) or daily weight gain (251 g) did not differ between lambs fed the different hybrids. Daily dry matter intake, expressed as percentage of live weight, was lower in the group fed the Status hybrid and intermediate in the group fed the P3862 hybrid. The Status hybrid resulted in lower digestibility of dietary crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter. There was no difference in hot carcass weight (19.8 kg), hot carcass yield (48.6%) or ingestive behavior between animals fed the different hybrids. Whole grains of the corn hybrids P3862 and P4285 are more indicated for fattening lambs fed with high-concentrate diets.
Zinc(II) removal from model chloride and chloride–nitrate(V) solutions using various sorbents

Zinc(II) complexes removal from aqueous chloride and chloride-nitrate(V) solutions was realized using different type of sorbents such as an ion exchangers of the chelating type (Lewatit MonoPlus TP220, Purolite S984), strongly basic (Lewatit MonoPlus SR7, Purolite A400TL, Dowex PSR2, Dowex PSR3) and weakly basic (Purolite A830) anion exchangers as well as the adsorbent resin Lewatit AF5. The kinetic and equilibrium studies using the static method were carried out in order to examine the rate of zinc(II) removal as well as to obtain the maximum adsorption capacities. The obtained experimental data were analyzed by means of different kinetic and isotherm models as well as the corresponding parameters were calculated. The desorption and reuse studies (three cycles of sorption/desorption) were also discussed. Lewatit MonoPlus TP220 showed the highest efficiency of zinc(II) removal and the maximum sorption capacity was equal to 620 mg/g. The kinetics of zinc(II) sorption is well described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The interactions between the sorbent and zinc ions are strong because no quantitative zinc desorption was observed (40% using nitric(V) and sulfuric(VI) acids for Lewatit MonoPlus TP220).
From Vivaldi to Beatles and back: predicting brain responses to music in real time

Vinoo Alluri, Petri Toiviainen, Torben Lund, Mikkel Wallentin, Peter Vuust, Elvira Brattico Department of Music, Finnish Centre of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Denmark Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland vinoo.alluri@jyu.fi
Imprecise Minority-Based Full Adder for Approximate Computing Using CNFETs

Nowadays, the portable multimedia electronic devices, which employ signal-processing modules, require power aware structures more than ever. For the applications associating with human senses, approximate arithmetic circuits can be considered to improve performance and power efficiency. On the other hand, scaling has led to some limitations in performance of nanoscale circuits. Accordingly, Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors have gotten a widespread attention as the most appropriate replacement for MOSFETs. In this paper, an imprecise full adder cell based on CNFET minority gates is introduced. Evaluation and comparison of the minority-based and the-state-of-the-art imprecise full adders in terms of average power dissipation, delay and power delay product (PDP) are done. The error distance (ED), normalized error distance (NED) and PDP-NED product metrics are also considered for assessing the accuracy of the reviewed circuits. The HSPICE simulations, conducted using Stanford 32nm CNFET model, indicate that the minority-based design outperforms the other designs in terms of performance and error tolerance.
Quality Evaluation of the Dewatering Subsurface Water in Urban Areas for Irrigation Purposes, Kuwait

The objective of this study is to assess the quality of the dewatered groundwater and identify its suitability for irrigation purposes in an urban study area by analyzing its chemical composition. The water quality for irrigation has been assessed by the determination of the residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), potential salinity (P.S), sodium adsorption ration, (SAR), Mg ratio (MgR), sodium percentage (%Na), Kelly’s ratio (KR), permeability index (P.I), electrical conductivity, EC, total dissolved solids TDS, total hardness (TH), and pH. The WATEQ4F computer program has been used to compute the saturation indices of some minerals with respect to water composition. Gibb’s diagram is used to evaluate the functional sources of dissolved constituents. The chemical analyses reveal that the order abundance of the cation is as follows Na > Ca > Mg > K, and for anion is Cl> SO4 > HCO3.The chemical compounds in water, respectively, are Na2SO4, CaSO4 and NaCl. The groundwater exhibited oversaturation with respect to calcite and dolomite, and undersaturation with respect to gypsum, anhydrite, halite, brucite and magnesite. The geochemical processes of dissolution and precipitation are influenced the chemistry of the study area. The dewatered groundwater is consider good and safe for irrigation.
Allocating species in Grime’s strategy space: an alternative to trait-based approaches

Background: The three-primary-strategy theory proposed by Grime identifies stress and disturbance as the key environmental factors leading to the emergence of distinctive plant strategies that are defined by combinations of stress and disturbance tolerance. Plant strategies are usually inferred from sets of traits, which may lead to circular reasoning and artificial restrictions of the species distribution in the strategy space. Question: Can measurements of stress and disturbance tolerance in nature be used to estimate the positions of different species relative to each other in Grime’s strategy space? Data description: Stress, disturbance and abundance data for 50 species at 25 0.5-ha sites Study site and dates: Semiarid grassland, Oaxaca, Mexico, 2014 Methods: The tolerance of species to stress and disturbance were inferred from their abundances and were used to allocate the species into Grime’s space. To assess whether our procedure reflects the underpinnings of Grime’s theory, we determined whether a few attributes of the species changed within the strategy space according to theoretical expectations. Results: Most species were allocated towards high disturbance and low stress intensities. The species attributes concurred with the trends expected from their positions in the strategy space. Discussion: This study indicates that plant species can be allocated in the strategy space using their attributes for stress and disturbance tolerance. Thus, our measurements seem to reflect the basic principles proposed by Grime. Future improvements would require the development of procedures that involve several sources of stress and disturbance.
Classification Of The Contents Of Sustainability Reports In Companies Winners Of Socioenvironmental Accountability Awards

In view of the importance of sustainability reports – an instrument for management and information disclosure about the company’s interaction with the environment it is active in –, the aim in this study is to analyze the contents of information disclosure about the dimensions of corporate sustainability – economic, social and environmental – in the reports of companies who received awards for their socio-environmental accountability practices. A descriptive and qualitative study was carried out, using documentary research and Content Analysis. The results indicate the preponderance of the social dimension, especially in the external context, and of quantitative non-monetary disclosure. They also suggest that the effect of company activities on the environment and the capital structure serve as indicators of the disclosure levels in the analyzed companies’ sustainability reports, among the winners of socioenvironmental accountability awards.
Research Journal of Applied Biotechnology (RJAB)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using aqueous extract of Citrus japonica (Kumquat) and Candida tropicalis culture supernatant. AgNPs were characterized using FTIR, UV-Vis, TEM, XRD, DLS, and EDAX. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature with four characteristic peaks at 2Ɵ values corresponding to Ag-nanocrystals. TEM showed sphericalshaped AgNPs with average diameter of 4-20 nm. FTIR verified the presence of different biofunctional groups, such as, N-H, C-N, O-H, C-H, C-O-C, C=O, and C-NH2 acting as stabilizing/reducing agents for AgNPs. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited excellent biocidal activity against some pathogenic Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and Yeast. MIC and MBC of biosynthesized AgNPs were determined using resazurin microtiter-plate assay. Biosynthesized AgNPs by C. tropicalis exhibited MBC of 12, 24,24, and 48 μg/mL against E. coli, Candida sp. , K. pneumonia, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. The MBC of KumquatAgNPs were 48 μg/mL against (E. coli, K. pneumonia, Candida sp.), and 195 μg/mL against L. monocytogenes. SEM micrographs showed complete cell destruction of K. pneumonia and L. monocytogenes after 6hof treatment with MBC values. C. tropicalis-AgNPs exhibited better anticancer effect than Kumquat-AgNPs with IC50 of 59.5 and 87.5 μg/mL, respectively, on HepG2cell lines. However, Kumquat-AgNPs proved less toxic than C. tropicalis-AgNPs towards normal cell lines with IC50 values <300 and 69.9 μg/mL, on Human Skin Fibroblast, and 68.41 and 28.43 μg/mL, on Blood Lymphocytes, respectively. Detected IC50were higher than the MBC values of biosynthesized AgNPs against studied pathogens, thus, could be recommended to apply the mas powerful antimicrobial bioagent.
A New Estimation Approach of Road Friction Coefficient and Optimum Wheel Slip Ratio for Longitudinal and Lateral Vehicle Dynamics Control using Active Steering and Braking Systems

هدیکچ متسیس زا هدافتسا اب وردوخ یشخرچ و یضرع ،یلوط کیمانید هچراپکی لرتنک متسیس کی ،هلاقم نیا رد ولج نامرف و لاعف زمرت ياه یم هئارا لاعف یحارط لاعف زمرت متسیس . دوش يرادیاپ لرتنک و لفقدض زمرت يراک تلاح ود ياراد ،یشزغل دوم لرتنک ساسا رب هدش تسا یکینورتکلا لرتنک کی زا و یکیمانید ياهریغتم نیمخت تهج ،نینچمه ؛تسا هدش هدافتسا لاعف ولج نامرف متسیس رد يزاف هدننک نیمخت کی ،وردوخ هب دتنسنآ نملاک رتلیف زا هدافتسا اب یطخریغ رگ یم هتفرگ راک نیمخت ریداقم هب هجوت اب . دوش هدز ریات لدم و هدش هبساحم هداج كاکطصا بیرض ،فوگاد یم خرچ هنیهب شزغل تبسن رادقم ندروآ تسدب يارب زین یقیبطت یبصع يزاف متسیس کی . دوش هیبش تمسق رد . تسا هدش یحارط رارق یسررب دروم ،ریغتم كاکطصا بیرض اب میقتسم هداج يور دیدش يریگزمرت لمع ادتبا يزاس یم نیمخت قیقد درکلمع زا یکاح ،نآ جیاتن هک دریگ كاکطصا بیرض رگ و هلصاف رد يدایز شهاک ثعاب و دراد خرچ هنیهب شزغل تبسن و هیبش ،سپس . تسا هدش فقوت نامز خرچ يارب توافتم كاکطصا بیرض اب هداج يزاس یم ناشن هک هدش ماجنا وردوخ نیفرط ياه ،دهد متسیس هچراپکی لرتنک یم ،لاعف ولج نامرف و یکینورتکلا يرادیاپ لرتنک ،لفقدض زمرت ياه دناوت و یبناج يرادیاپ دوبهب رب هولاع . دوش زین فقوت هلصاف شهاک ببس ،یشخرچ تاملک يدیلک : لرتنک هچراپکی کیمانید ؛وردوخ زمرت ؛لاعف نامرف ولج ؛لاعف متسیس يزاف یبصع ؛یقیبطت نیمخت تبسن شزغل هنیهب خرچ
Categorical Frailty Phenotype and Continuous Frailty Index: A Conceptual Overview of Frailty and Its Components among Older Persons in India

Background: Frailty indicator can be an important indicator of understanding ageing and health in India. It will be interesting to examine and compared different model of frailty using the same dataset. The present paper aimed to compare two frailty models and examine the association between socioeconomic status with frailty and frailty components among older persons in India. Methods: The WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1, collected between 2007 and 2010 in India was used for this study. Two frailty model was constructed. Education and wealth quintile was used as socio economic indicators. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for comparing both frailty models. Linear regression and logistic regression were used. The regression analysis was separately done for each age group and gender category. The coefficients were reported separately for education and wealth quintile categories. Results: Low sensitivity was observed between the two frailty models. The results suggest that frailty index was more useful in depicting wealth and education inequality among different gender and age groups in India. Wealth and education differences in, number of morbidities, morbidity symptoms and Self rated health (SRH) were most consistently significant across age groups and gender categories. BMI and functional limitation were even found significant at p-value <0.01 for education and wealth quintile. Conclusion: The results of the analysis suggest that frailty index covers more dimension than categorical phenotype categories, and can be used as an indicator to depict the healthy aging.
The effect of Donald Trump his Twitter usage on the S&P 500

Since the 20th of January 2017, Donald Trump is President of the United States. Twitter is the only social medium he uses to share his opinions and comments. The aim of this research is to examine whether Donald Trump his Twitter usage has an effect on stock prices of S&P 500 companies. Tweets are divided by polarity, whereafter both abnormal and cumulative abnormal returns are calculated. This research does not provide any significant evidence that proves that Donald Trump his Twitter usage has a general effect on the daily stock prices of S&P 500 companies. This research does find significant evidence that prove that Donald Trump his tweets can have an effect on a single S&P 500 company their stock prices.