Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Improving Basic Preventive Measures in the Perioperative Arena on Staphylococcus aureus Transmission and Surgical Site Infections: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Surgical site infections increase patient morbidity and health care costs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasize improved basic preventive measures to reduce bacterial transmission and infections among patients undergoing surgery. Objective To assess whether improved basic preventive measures can reduce perioperative Staphylococcus aureus transmission and surgical site infections. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial was conducted from September 20, 2018, to September 20, 2019, among 19 surgeons and their 236 associated patients at a major academic medical center with a 60-day follow-up period. Participants were a random sample of adult patients undergoing orthopedic total joint, orthopedic spine, oncologic gynecological, thoracic, general, colorectal, open vascular, plastic, or open urological surgery requiring general or regional anesthesia. Surgeons and their associated patients were randomized 1:1 via a random number generator to treatment group or to usual care. Observers were masked to patient groupings during assessment of outcome measures. Interventions Sustained improvements in perioperative hand hygiene, vascular care, environmental cleaning, and patient decolonization efforts. Main Outcomes and Measures Perioperative S aureus transmission assessed by the number of isolates transmitted and the incidence of transmission among patient care units (primary) and the incidence of surgical site infections (secondary). Results Of 236 patients (156 [66.1%] women; mean [SD] age, 57 [15] years), 106 (44.9%) and 130 (55.1%) were allocated to the treatment and control groups, respectively, received the intended treatment, and were analyzed for the primary outcome. Compared with the control group, the treatment group had a reduced mean (SD) number of transmitted perioperative S aureus isolates (1.25 [2.11] vs 0.47 [1.13]; P = .002). Treatment reduced the incidence of S aureus transmission (incidence risk ratio; 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37-0.86; P = .008; with robust variance clustering by surgeon: 95% CI, 0.42-0.76; P < .001). Overall, 11 patients (4.7%) experienced surgical site infections, 10 (7.7%) in the control group and 1 (0.9%) in the treatment group. Transmission was associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection (8 of 73 patients [11.0%] with transmission vs 3 of 163 [1.8%] without; risk ratio, 5.95; 95% CI, 1.62-21.86; P = .007). Treatment reduced the risk of surgical site infection (hazard ratio, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.92; P = .04; with clustering by surgeon: 95% CI, 0.03-0.51; P = .004). Conclusions and Relevance Improved basic preventive measures in the perioperative arena can reduce S aureus transmission and surgical site infections. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03638947.
Influence of Fiber Deviation on Strength of Thin Birch (Betula pendula Roth.) Veneers

The currently pursued implementation of wood into novel high performance applications such as automotive parts require knowledge about the material behaviour including ultimate strength. Previous research has shown that fiber deviation seems to be the dominating factor influencing the strength of thin veneers. This study aims to further investigate and quantify the influence of fiber deviation in two dimension and different hierarchical levels on the tensile strength of thin birch veneers. The fiber deviation in- and out-of-plane as well as the micro fibril angle were assessed by means of wide-angle X-ray scattering. Tensile strength was determined in laboratory experiments. Results show a high variability for in-plane fiber deviation mainly constituted by knots and other growth influencing factors. Pearson correlations between strength and fiber deviation ranged from −0.594 up to −0.852. Best correlation (r = −0.852) was achieved for maximum in-plane fiber deviation directly followed by a combined angle of in- and out-of-plane fiber deviation (r = −0.846). Based on the results it was shown that fiber deviation in- and out-of-plane is the dominating factor influencing ultimate tensile strength of thin birch veneers. Further research in regard to non-destructive strength prediction is necessary.
‘Just because the mind is confused it doesn’t mean the spirit is confused’: Exploring the role of Anglican clergy in ministry to persons with dementia

Objectives Churches and faith groups have an important role to play in the development of dementia-friendly communities; their support of spirituality of people with dementia and their care-givers adds an important dimension, interwoven with concepts of personhood and identity. Priests have a central role here, but little is known of their experiences of ministering to people with dementia and their families, of the challenges they may encounter, or of their perspective on dementia. Method Using a collective case-study approach, 10 Church in Wales priests took part in an in-depth qualitative interview regarding their ministry with people with dementia. Initial thematic analysis was used as a basis for an in-depth analysis of the positions adopted by clergy in relation to dementia and those experiencing it, as well as to their roles in the wider church. Results Clergy described discovering ways of working with people with dementia, learning ‘on the job’, and, for example, finding familiar symbols and music helpful. They found themselves being an intermediary, between people with dementia and God, but also within families and other care settings, such as care homes. Promoting spirituality within personhood was a fundamental aspect of their role, but was also reflected both in fears of dementia and in identifying redeeming aspects of dementia. They described an absence of preparedness, training and peer support for this ministry. The emerging model of Dementia ministry reflected the dynamic interplay of positions adopted by clergy, with an interface between the professional and the personal at its centre. Conclusion The study indicates the need for increased support for clergy in taking forward dementia friendly churches and highlights their role in ensuring that the spiritual life of people with dementia can be maintained and supported.
The transition from physiotherapy student to new graduate: are they prepared?

ABSTRACT Background: The transition from physiotherapy student to new graduate poses many challenges. In other health disciplines concerns have been raised about new graduate preparedness for practice. Objective: To explore the perspectives of new graduate and experienced physiotherapists on the transition from student to new graduate. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 focus groups; nine new graduate groups and six experienced physiotherapist groups. Interviews were transcribed in preparation for thematic analysis whereby researchers examined transcripts independently and identified codes. Codes were compared and themes developed, discussed, and refined. Themes were reviewed by all authors. Results: Four themes emerged surrounding the transition from physiotherapy student to new graduate: 1) preparedness for practice; 2) protected practice; 3) independent and affirmation of practice; and 4) performance expectations. Both groups identified increased caseload volume and complexity were challenging, and that students were typically protected from realistic workloads. New graduates at times felt unprepared for their new roles and highlighted that coping with change in independence and managing expectations of themselves was difficult. Strategies identified that may assist the transition from student to new graduate included organizational, clinical placement experiences and building self-efficacy. Conclusions: Challenges are experienced during the transition from physiotherapy student to new graduate. To enhance this transition a multifactorial approach is required that includes all key stakeholders and strategically targets challenges associated with the student transition to new graduate.
Effect of Rare Earth Ce on Deep Stamping Properties of High-Strength Interstitial-Free Steel Containing Phosphorus

The influence of rare earth Ce on the deep stamping property of high-strength interstitial-free (IF) steel containing phosphorus was analyzed. After adding 120 kg ferrocerium alloy (Ce content is 10%) in the steel, the inclusion statistics and the two-dimensional morphology of the samples in the direction of 1/4 thickness of slab and each rolling process were observed and compared by scanning electron microscope (SEM). After the samples in each rolling process were treated by acid leaching, the three-dimensional morphology and components of the second phase precipitates were observed by SEM and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The microstructure of the sample was observed by optical microscope, and the grain size was compared. Meanwhile, the content and strength of the favorable texture were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the mechanical properties of the product were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The combination of rare earth Ce with activity O and S in steel had lower Gibbs free energy, and it was easy to generate CeAlO3, Ce2O2S, and Ce2O3. The inclusions size was obviously reduced, but the number of inclusions was increased after adding rare earth. The morphology of inclusions changed from chain and strip to spherical. The size of rare earth inclusions was mostly about 2–5 μm, distributed and dispersed, and their elastic modulus was close to that of steel matrix, which was conducive to improving the structure continuity of steel. (2) The rare earth compound had a high melting point. As a heterogeneous nucleation point, the nucleation rate was increased and the solidification structure was refined. The grade of grain size of products was increased by 1.5 grades, which is helpful to improve the strength and plasticity of metal. (3) Rare earth Ce can inhibit the segregation of P element at the grain boundary and the precipitation of Fe(Nb+Ti)P phase. It can effectively increase the solid solution amount of P element in steel, improve the solid solution strengthening effect of P element in high-strength IF steel, and obtain a large proportion of {111} favorable texture, which is conducive to improving the stamping formability index r90 value.
Italian doctors call for protecting healthcare workers and boosting community surveillance during covid-19 outbreak

Italy is in a dramatic situation owing to the spread of covid-19,1 but we could do more to protect medical doctors and all hospital workers, including nurses, therapists, technicians, and support staff. Beyond the personal risks that doctors and healthcare workers are facing directly—highlighted by the death of general practitioner and national delegate for continuous medical education Roberto Stella in Varese—hospitals and medical personnel are a potential vehicle for spread of covid-19.2 The New England Journal of Medicine has reported on the huge proportion of infected …
Classical 1/3 scaling of convection holds up to Ra = 1015

Significance The heat transport law in turbulent convection remains central to current research in the field. Our present knowledge of the heat transport law for Ra>1012 is inconclusive, where the Rayleigh number Ra is a measure of the strength of convection. Massively parallel simulations of the three-dimensional convection have progressed to Ra=1015 in slender cells. We resolve velocity gradients inside thin boundary layers and show that the turbulent heat transport continues to follow the classical 1/3 scaling law with no transition to the so-called “ultimate” state that is variously argued to have 1/2 scaling. Our work suggests that the boundary layers remain marginally stable and continue to act as the bottleneck for global heat transport. The global transport of heat and momentum in turbulent convection is constrained by thin thermal and viscous boundary layers at the heated and cooled boundaries of the system. This bottleneck is thought to be lifted once the boundary layers themselves become fully turbulent at very high values of the Rayleigh number Ra—the dimensionless parameter that describes the vigor of convective turbulence. Laboratory experiments in cylindrical cells for Ra≳1012 have reported different outcomes on the putative heat transport law. Here we show, by direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection flows in a slender cylindrical cell of aspect ratio 1/10, that the Nusselt number—the dimensionless measure of heat transport—follows the classical power law of Nu=(0.0525±0.006)×Ra0.331±0.002 up to Ra=1015. Intermittent fluctuations in the wall stress, a blueprint of turbulence in the vicinity of the boundaries, manifest at all Ra considered here, increasing with increasing Ra, and suggest that an abrupt transition of the boundary layer to turbulence does not take place.
Mineral‐hosted biofilm communities in the continental deep subsurface, Deep Mine Microbial Observatory, SD, USA

Deep subsurface biofilms are estimated to host the majority of prokaryotic life on Earth, yet fundamental aspects of their ecology remain unknown. An inherent difficulty in studying subsurface biofilms is that of sample acquisition. While samples from marine and terrestrial deep subsurface fluids have revealed abundant and diverse microbial life, limited work has described the corresponding biofilms on rock fracture and pore space surfaces. The recently established Deep Mine Microbial Observatory (DeMMO) is a long‐term monitoring network at which we can explore the ecological role of biofilms in fluid‐filled fractures to depths of 1.5 km. We carried out in situ cultivation experiments with single minerals representative of DeMMO host rock to explore the ecological drivers of biodiversity and biomass in biofilm communities in the continental subsurface. Coupling cell densities to thermodynamic models of putative metabolic reactions with minerals suggests a metabolic relationship between biofilms and the minerals they colonize. Our findings indicate that minerals can significantly enhance biofilm cell densities and promote selective colonization by taxa putatively capable of extracellular electron transfer. In turn, minerals can drive significant differences in biodiversity between fluid and biofilm communities. Given our findings at DeMMO, we suggest that host rock mineralogy is an important ecological driver in deep continental biospheres.
Low-intensity regimens versus standard-intensity induction strategies in acute myeloid leukemia

Treatment options for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain limited. In this age group, AML is frequently associated with poor-risk features, while patients’ present comorbidities and reduced functional reserves. As such, intensive chemotherapy (ICT) is frequently too toxic or ineffective in elderly patients and is restricted to a select minority, though it is standard therapy for the youngest and fittest patients or for those belonging to either the favorable or intermediate-risk groups. The use of hypomethylating agents represent an effective alternative for patients who are unfit for ICT, yet the results remain unsatisfactory. In recent years, prognostic scores were developed that include geriatric assessment tools and improved risk-stratification. In addition, several effective new drugs have emerged. The combination of these drugs with hypomethylating agents or low-dose cytarabine has produced encouraging preliminary results that may change standard practices and offer an alternative to the dilemma of ICT versus low-intensity therapies.
Pseudomonas piscis sp. nov., isolated from the profound head ulcers of farmed Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii).

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium with monopolar flagella, designated as MC042T, was isolated from the profound head ulcers of farmed Murray cod sampled from Zhejiang Province, China. Analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis phylogeny showed that strain MC042T belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Pseudomonas juntendi BML3T (98.9 %), and less than 98.8 % similarity to other Pseudomonas species with validly published names. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction based on a core set of 1563 Pseudomonas genes further indicated that strain MC042T was most closely related to the clade formed by Pseudomonas protegens CHA0T and Pseudomonas saponiphila DSM 975T and distantly related to any of the validly published species of the genus Pseudomonas. Furthermore, strain MC042T could be distinguished from its closely related species of the genus Pseudomonas by its ability to assimilate maltose, d-xylose and melibiose, but not d-mannitol. The principal fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c). The respiratory quinone was Q-9. Polar lipids of strain MC042T comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified lipid, an unknown glycolipid and aminolipid. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain MC042T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas piscis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MC042T (=KCTC 72033T=MCCC 1K03575T).
Irreversible JNK1-JUN inhibition by JNK-IN-8 sensitizes pancreatic cancer to 5-FU/FOLFOX chemotherapy.

Over 55,000 people in the US are diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) yearly, and fewer than 20% of these patients survive a year beyond diagnosis. Chemotherapies are considered or used in nearly every PDAC case, but there is limited understanding of the complex signaling responses underlying resistance to these common treatments. Here, we take an unbiased approach to study protein kinase network changes following chemotherapies in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of PDAC to facilitate design of rational drug combinations. Proteomics profiling following chemotherapy regimens reveals that activation of JNK-JUN signaling occurs after 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin (5-FU) and FOLFOX (5-FU plus oxaliplatin (OX)), but not after OX alone or gemcitabine. Cell and tumor growth assays with the irreversible inhibitor JNK-IN-8 and genetic manipulations demonstrate that JNK and JUN each contribute to chemoresistance and cancer cell survival after FOLFOX. Active JNK1 and JUN are specifically implicated in these effects, and synergy with JNK-IN-8 is linked to FOLFOX-mediated JUN activation, cell cycle dysregulation, and DNA damage response. This study highlights the potential for JNK-IN-8 as a biological tool and potential combination therapy with FOLFOX in PDAC and reinforces the need to tailor treatment to functional characteristics of individual tumors.
Integrative analysis reveals pathways associated with sex reversal in Cynoglossus semilaevis

Sex reversal is a complex biological phenomenon exhibited by Cynoglossus semilaevis. Some genetic females may irreversibly convert to pseudomales, thus increasing aquaculture costs because males grow much more slowly than females. In this study, an integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome was performed to compare differences in gene and protein expression in females and pseudomales after gonad differentiation in C. semilaevis. Based on RNA-Seq results, 1893 genes showed differences in expression at the transcript level between females and pseudomales. Of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4-like (LOC103393374 , ZP4), zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4-like (LOC103396071, ZP4) and forkhead box L2 (foxl2) were highly expressed in females and doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1(dmrt1) and doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (dmrt3) were highly expressed in pseudomales. GO enrichment analysis results indicate that wnt signaling pathways and oocyte maturation are two terms enriched in female. At the protein level, Tandem Mass Tags analysis revealed that 324 proteins differed in their relative abundance between pseudomales and females. KEGG analysis found that pseudo-highly expressed proteins were enriched in the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway. For integrative analysis, the Spearman correlation coefficient between the transcriptome and proteome was 0.59. Among 52 related genes, 46 DEGs (88%) were well matched in their levels of change in protein abundance. These findings reveal major active pathways in female and pseudomale gonads after sex reversal and provide new insights into molecular mechanisms associated with sex reversal regulatory network.
Deriving Lipid Classification Based on Molecular Formulas

Despite instrument and algorithmic improvements, the untargeted and accurate assignment of metabolites remains an unsolved problem in metabolomics. New assignment methods such as our SMIRFE algorithm can assign elemental molecular formulas to observed spectral features in a highly untargeted manner without orthogonal information from tandem MS or chromatography. However, for many lipidomics applications, it is necessary to know at least the lipid category or class that is associated with a detected spectral feature to derive a biochemical interpretation. Our goal is to develop a method for robustly classifying elemental molecular formula assignments into lipid categories for an application to SMIRFE-generated assignments. Using a Random Forest machine learning approach, we developed a method that can predict lipid category and class from SMIRFE non-adducted molecular formula assignments. Our methods achieve high average predictive accuracy (>90%) and precision (>83%) across all eight of the lipid categories in the LIPIDMAPS database. Classification performance was evaluated using sets of theoretical, data-derived, and artifactual molecular formulas. Our methods enable the lipid classification of non-adducted molecular formula assignments generated by SMIRFE without orthogonal information, facilitating the biochemical interpretation of untargeted lipidomics experiments. This lipid classification appears insufficient for validating single-spectrum assignments, but could be useful in cross-spectrum assignment validation.
Evolving Deep Neural Networks via Cooperative Coevolution With Backpropagation

Deep neural networks (DNNs), characterized by sophisticated architectures capable of learning a hierarchy of feature representations, have achieved remarkable successes in various applications. Learning DNN’s parameters is a crucial but challenging task that is commonly resolved by using gradient-based backpropagation (BP) methods. However, BP-based methods suffer from severe initialization sensitivity and proneness to getting trapped into inferior local optima. To address these issues, we propose a DNN learning framework that hybridizes CC-based optimization with BP-based gradient descent, called BPCC, and implement it by devising a computationally efficient CC-based optimization technique dedicated to DNN parameter learning. In BPCC, BP will intermittently execute for multiple training epochs. Whenever the execution of BP in a training epoch cannot sufficiently decrease the training objective function value, CC will kick in to execute by using the parameter values derived by BP as the starting point. The best parameter values obtained by CC will act as the starting point of BP in its next training epoch. In CC-based optimization, the overall parameter learning task is decomposed into many subtasks of learning a small portion of parameters. These subtasks are individually addressed in a cooperative manner. In this article, we treat neurons as basic decomposition units. Furthermore, to reduce the computational cost, we devise a maturity-based subtask selection strategy to selectively solve some subtasks of higher priority. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over common-practice DNN parameter learning techniques.