Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dependence of Dust Formation on the Supernova Explosion

We investigate the properties, composition, and dynamics of dust formation and growth for a diverse set of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), with 15, 20, and 25 M ⊙ progenitor masses, explosion energies ranging from 0.5 to 120 foe, and varied engine type. These explosions are evolved with a 1D Lagrangian hydrodynamics code out to a minimum of 1157 days to model the ejecta as it expands and cools. A multigrain dust nucleation and growth model is applied to these results. We find that higher explosion energies lead to an earlier onset of dust formation, smaller grain sizes, and larger silicate abundances. Further, we see that nuclear burning during the explosion leads to enhanced formation of silicate dust. Finally, we build composite models from our suite to predict the efficiency of CCSN dust production as a function of metallicity.
On the Dayside Atmosphere of WASP-12b

The atmospheric structure of WASP-12b has been hotly contested for years, with disagreements on the presence of a thermal inversion as well as the carbon-to-oxygen ratio, C/O, due to retrieved abundances of H2O, CO2, and other included species such as HCN and C2H2. Previously, these difficult-to-diagnose discrepancies have been attributed to model differences; assumptions in these models were thought to drive retrievals toward different answers. Here, we show that some of these differences are independent of model assumptions and are instead due to subtle differences in the inputs, such as the eclipse depths and line-list databases. We replicate previously published retrievals and find that the retrieved results are data driven and are mostly unaffected by the addition of species such as HCN and C2H2. We also propose a new physically motivated model that takes into consideration the formation of H− via the thermal dissociation of H2O and H2 at the temperatures reached in the dayside atmosphere of WASP-12b, but the data’s current resolution does not support its inclusion in the atmospheric model. This study raises the concern that other exoplanet retrievals may be similarly sensitive to slight changes in the input data.
An Optimal Routing in Cognitive Mesh Networks

Cognitive wireless mesh access networks can be used to provide wireless broadband access on underutilized licensed spectrum. Moreover, wireless mesh network can provide a cost efficient backhaul to the wireless gateway. We study the optimal routing problem covering path selection, resource allocation and interference mitigation. We formulate an optimization problem and use Markov approximation framework to propose an efficient algorithm.
Data Strategy

I develop and manage the Health Data Analytics Initiative of the Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign to advance medical research and healthcare delivery. I am a dedicated manager with an excellent understanding of enterprise architectures, governance models, and implementing data driven transformative programs. In my career as management consultant, I managed successfully more than 30 large scale IT programs and managed a team as Head of Risk Management. In my current role consistently develop and deepen relationships with faculty and health partners and identify research projects. I am the CoChair of the OSF HealthCare Data Subcommittee and advise clinicians and medical researchers in developing feasible research goals and executing data science projects. As part of my own R&D I provide biological modeling, algorithm design, and software development delivered in an iterative process involving the clinical stakeholders and engineering faculty.
Insertional Achilles tendinopathy

Objective: Retrospectively analyze surgical procedures performed on patients with insertional Achilles (calcaneal tendon) tendinopathy, focusing on outcomes and the impact on the patients’ functional quality. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, case series study drawn up by collecting data directly from the patients’ medical records. For the functional analysis of patients, we used the questionnaire of the adapted American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS). An assessment was carried out on each of the patients who underwent surgery at our hospital from 2010 to 2019, using the surgical technique described in this article, i.e., resection of the affected portion of the tendon with its subsequent reinsertion. Results: All surgical patients achieved an improvement in their AOFAS score and in pain levels, with good functional performance only three months into the postoperative period, from 50.1 to 83.75 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The use of the technique proved very effective, particularly in terms of the maintenance of foot function and important improvement in pain levels, thus producing a relevant increase in function among patients. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Study; Case Series.
Monotone Regression: A Simple and Fast O(n) PAVA Implementation

Efficient coding and improvements in the execution order of the up-and-down-blocks algorithm for monotone or isotonic regression leads to a significant increase in speed as well as a short and simple O ( n ) implementation. Algorithms that use monotone regression as a subroutine, e.g., unimodal or bivariate monotone regression, also benefit from the acceleration. A substantive comparison with and characterization of currently available implementations provides an extensive overview of up-and-down-blocks implementations for the pool-adjacent-violators algorithm for simple linear ordered monotone regression.
Passive ground-based remote sensing of radiation fog

Abstract. Accurate boundary layer temperature and humidity profiles are crucial for successful forecasting of fog, and accurate retrievals of liquid water path are important for understanding the climatological significance of fog. Passive ground-based remote sensing systems such as microwave radiometers (MWRs) and infrared spectrometers like the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI), which measures spectrally resolved infrared radiation (3.3 to 19.2 µm), can retrieve both thermodynamic profiles and liquid water path. Both instruments are capable of long-term unattended operation and have the potential to support operational forecasting. Here we compare physical retrievals of boundary layer thermodynamic profiles and liquid water path during 12 cases of thin (LWP<40 g m−2) supercooled radiation fog from an MWR and an AERI collocated in central Greenland. We compare both sets of retrievals to in-situ measurements from radiosondes and surface-based temperature and humidity sensors. The retrievals based on AERI observations accurately capture shallow surface-based temperature inversions (0–10 m a.g.l.) with lapse rates of up to −1.2 ∘C m−1, whereas the strength of the surface-based temperature inversions retrieved from MWR observations alone are uncorrelated with in-situ measurements, highlighting the importance of constraining MWR thermodynamic profile retrievals with accurate surface meteorological data. The retrievals based on AERI observations detect fog onset (defined by a threshold in liquid water path) earlier than those based on MWR observations by 25 to 185 min. We propose that, due to the high sensitivity of the AERI instrument to near-surface temperature and small changes in liquid water path, the AERI (or an equivalent infrared spectrometer) could be a useful instrument for improving fog monitoring and nowcasting, particularly for cases of thin radiation fog under otherwise clear skies, which can have important radiative impacts at the surface.
On Merits of Biased Gradient Estimates for Meta Reinforcement Learning

Despite the empirical success of meta reinforcement learning (meta-RL), there 1 are still a number poorly-understood discrepancies between theory and practice. 2 Critically, biased gradient estimates are almost always implemented in practice, 3 whereas prior theory on meta-RL only establishes convergence under unbiased 4 gradient estimates. In this work, (1) We show that unbiased gradient estimates have 5 variance O ( N ) which linearly depends on the sample size N of the inner loop 6 updates; (2) We propose linearized score function (LSF) gradient estimates, which 7 have bias O (1 / √ N ) and variance O (1 /N ) ; (3) We show that most empirical prior 8 work in fact implements variants of the LSF estimates; (4) We establish convergence 9 guarantees for the LSF estimates in meta-RL, showing better dependency on N 10 than prior work. Due to time constraints, the proof and appendix are not yet 11 complete. They will be complete for camera-ready. 12
F INDING AND ONLY FINDING LOCAL N ASH EQUILIB - RIA BY BOTH PRETENDING TO BE A FOLLOWER

Finding local Nash equilibria in two-player differentiable games is a classical problem in game theory with important relevance in machine learning. We pro-pose double Follow-the-Ridge (double-FTR), an algorithm that locally converges to and only to local Nash equilibria in general-sum two-player differentiable games. To our knowledge, double-FTR is the first algorithm with such guarantees for general-sum games. Furthermore, we show that by varying its preconditioner, double-FTR leads to a broader family of algorithms with the same properties. Double-FTR avoids oscillation near equilibria due to the real-eigenvalues of its Jacobian at critical points. Finally, we empirically verify the effectiveness of double-FTR in finding local Nash equilibria in two simple examples.
Development of a flexible data assimilation method in a 3D unstructured-grid ocean model under Earth System Modeling Framework

We develop a new data assimilative (DA) approach by combining two parallel frameworks: a parallel DA framework (PDAF) and a flexible model coupling framework (ESMF). The new DA system is built on the ESMF at the top 15 level that drives the PDAF and any combination of Earth system modeling (ESM) components, to allow maximum flexibility and easy implementation of data assimilation for fully coupled ESM applications. We demonstrate the new DA system using a 3D unstructured-grid ocean model as ESM in this paper. The new system is validated using a simple benchmark and applied to a realistic case of Kuroshio simulation around Taiwan. The new system is demonstrated to significantly improve the model skill for temperature, velocity and surface elevation before, during and after typhoon events. The flexibility and 20 ease of implementation make the new system widely applicable for other coupled ESMs.
Evaluation of a long-term optimized management strategy for the improvement of cultivated soils in rainfed cereal cropland based on water retention curves

This study evaluates an optimized cropping system (including no-tillage, cover crops and organic amendments), as 15 an alternative to conventional management for rainfed cereal cropping in a calcareous soil in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate zone in Navarre (Spain), based on the analysis of soil water retention curves (SWRC) and soil structure. In an agricultural area, plots were randomly selected on a soil unit ( Fluventic Haploxerept ), with contrasting managements: (a) optimized system ; which includes no-tillage (18 years continuous) after conventional tillage, crop rotation, use of cover crops and occasional application of organic amendments, and (b) conventional management ; which involves continuous conventional tillage (chisel 20 plow), mineral fertilization, no cover crops and a lower diversity of crops in the rotation. Undisturbed soil samples from the soil surface (0-5 cm) and disturbed samples from the tilled layer (0-30 cm) were collected for both systems. The undisturbed samples were used to obtain the detalied SWRCs in the suction range 0 kPa to 110 kPa using a Hyprop® device. From these SWRCs, the Dexter S index was determined. Disturbed samples were used in the laboratory to assess soil structure by means of an aggregate-size fractionation. SWRCs showed significant differences between the two studied agricultural systems, 25 corresponding to different pore size distributions. However, the S index did not show significant differences between the two cropping systems. In addition, the soil under conventional management showed greater macroporosity (gravitational water). As a result, the soil under the optimized system stored up to 10 % more water for the crop at the studied depth. Likewise, more stable macroaggregates were observed in the optimized system than in the conventional one, as well as more organic C storage, greater microbial activity, and biomass. Overall, these results reflect a better quality –or less degradation– of the soil after 18 30 years under the optimized system than its conventionally managed counterpart.
Climate-warming-driven changes in the cryosphere and their impact on groundwater–surface-water interactions in the Heihe River basin

Abstract. The Heihe River basin in northwest China depends heavily on both anthropogenic and natural storage (e.g., surface reservoirs, rivers and groundwater) to support economic and environmental functions. The Qilian Mountain cryosphere in the upper basin is integral to recharging these storage supplies. It is well established that climate warming is driving major shifts in high-elevation water storage through loss of glaciers and permafrost. However, the impacts on groundwater–surface-water interactions and water supply in corresponding lower reaches are less clear. We built an integrated hydrologic model of the middle basin, where most water usage occurs, in order to explore the hydrologic response to the changing cryosphere. We simulate the watershed response to loss of glaciers (glacier scenario), advanced permafrost degradation (permafrost scenario), both of these changes simultaneously (combined scenario) and projected temperature increases in the middle basin (warming scenario) by altering streamflow inputs to the model to represent cryosphere-melting processes, as well as by increasing the temperature of the climate forcing data. Net losses to groundwater storage in the glacier scenario and net gains in the permafrost and combined scenarios show the potential of groundwater exchanges to mediate streamflow shifts. The result of the combined scenario also shows that permafrost degradation has more of an impact on the system than glacial loss. Seasonal differences in groundwater–surface-water partitioning are also evident. The glacier scenario has the highest fraction of groundwater in terms of streamflow in early spring. The permafrost and combined scenarios meanwhile have the highest fraction of streamflow infiltration in late spring and summer. The warming scenario raises the temperature of the combined scenario by 2 ∘C. This results in net groundwater storage loss, a reversal from the combined scenario. Large seasonal changes in evapotranspiration and stream network connectivity relative to the combined scenario show the potential for warming to overpower changes resulting from streamflow. Our results demonstrate the importance of understanding the entire system of groundwater–surface-water exchanges to assess water resources under changing climatic conditions. Ultimately, this analysis can be used to examine the cascading impact of climate change in the cryosphere on the resilience of water resources in arid basins downstream of mountain ranges globally.
Corrosion Of Steel In Concrete Understanding Investigation And Repair

Thank you very much for reading corrosion of steel in concrete understanding investigation and repair. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this corrosion of steel in concrete understanding investigation and repair, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their laptop.
Distinction between Capacitive and Noncapacitive Hysteretic Currents in Operation and Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells suffer from significant performance distortions under working conditions, usually known by the generic label of hysteretic effects. A classification of the fluctuations associated with current–voltage curves, centered on capacitance analysis, including measurements in voltage sweep, is provided here. Scan rate constitutes an easy-to-implement probing technique able to differentiate between capacitive and noncapacitive contributions to the overall hysteretic response. Capacitive hysteresis shows a distinctive response with scan rate and mainly originates at TiO2 interfaces contacting perovskite materials. It relies on the interfacial ability to accommodate both ionic and electronic charges in a highly reversible way. Noncapacitive hysteresis points to the occurrence of interfacial energetics modification or contact reactivity caused by perovskite ionic motion. It exhibits positive values for reverse scans, in opposition to what is observed for capacitive currents. Connections between.
Skill Transfer and Virtual Training for IND Response Decision-Making: Project Summary and Next Steps

Abstract : MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT LL) has been engaged in a project sponsored by the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S and T) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) that examines alternative mechanisms for training and evaluation of emergency managers (EMs) to augment and complement existing techniques. The effort seeks to answer the question of how government agencies can ensure that key emergency response personnel have the required skills and knowledge to make critical decisions during an incident of unprecedented size, scope, and complexity, such as an improvised nuclear device (IND) detonation. The effort has examined game-based training methods to determine their suitability for addressing the identified gaps and to improve the tools, techniques, and guidance for creating game-based training materials. This report summarizes the key steps and findings of the project.
An Overview of the Sources for Electroweak Baryogenesis ∗

After a short review of electroweak scale baryogenesis, we consider the dynamics of chiral fermions coupled to a complex scalar (cid:12)eld through the standard Yukawa interaction term at a strongly (cid:12)rst order electroweak phase transition. By performing a systematic gradient expansion we can use this simple model to study electroweak scale baryogenesis. We show that the dominant sources for electroweak baryogenesis appear at linear order in the Planck constant (cid:22) h . We provide explicit expressions for the sources both in the ﬂow term and in the collision term of the relevant kinetic Boltzmann equation. Finally, we indicate how the kinetic equation sources appear in the ﬂuid transport equations used for baryogenesis calculations.
New measurement method: Examination of psychological factors with Vienna System among soccer players

The primary aim of this study was to present the different possibilities of measuring and assessing soccer players with the "Vienna System”. The authors also measured sport motivation (SMS) and anxiety (CSAI2). The soccer players from the University of Physical Education (N=14) participated in the study. According to the results there was a significant difference between the positions when comparing the number of mistakes and selfconfidence. There were not any significant differences among positions concerning time and movement predictions and in connection with the measurement of determination and social factors. According to the decision-making style it is more a defender’s attribute that the decision is based on the details with analytical methods. According to the cooperativeness main factor the midfielders, the strikers and the goalkeepers are in the same category; however, the defenders achieved lower values. In case of the football players investigated, the value of internal motivation is in the upper regions. These results validate the opinions that in elite sport the values of internal motivation are high. Vienna System was found to be a valuable method when focusing on talent selection and management in team sports. It is advised to apply it together with other psychological and physical methods for best results.
Modeling, control, and power management for a grid-integrated photo voltaic, fuel cell, and wind hybrid system

Power management in a grid-integrated power system consisting of distributed renewable energy sources is necessitated by ever-increasing energy consumption, the high cost of production, the limited resource of fossil fuel, and the worsening global environment. Wind and solar power generation are two of the most promising renewable power generation technologies. The growth of wind and photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems has exceeded the most optimistic levels of expectations. Fuel cells (FCs) also have great potential to be green power sources of the future because of the many merits they have, such as high efficiency and zero or low emission of pollutant gases. In this paper the modeling, control, and analysis of grid-connected PV power, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and a wind energy system (WES) connected through a common DC bus linked to an AC grid is discussed. In coordination with the PEMFC, the hybrid system’s output power becomes controllable so that full utilization of PV and wind power takes place based on its availability, and the DC bus voltage is maintained constant even at varying load conditions for the desired power sharing between the distributed generation (DG) sources, load, and the AC grid. The hybrid system is controlled through a combination of two proposed control modes, namely the DG control mode and grid control mode. The coordination of the power controller, voltage source converter controller, and load controller is such that the transition between the two control modes is done as smoothly as possible. Thus, the total DG power will be a combination of PV power, WES power, and power produced by the PEMFC. Any additional power if required up to the maximum loading will be supplied by grid. If the load exceeds its maximum value, then the load controller will carry out load shedding. The composite system is available for safe operation in on-grid as well as off-grid mode satisfying voltage and power balance constraints. Different modes of operation have been demonstrated to verify and validate the desired power management among the DG sources, load, and the grid. MATLAB/Simulink software was used for simulating the composite model.
Distributed-Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Architecture

This document describes an architecture for establishing and maintaining Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) within and between domains. The document does not specify protocols or protocol extensions, instead focusing on defining architectural relationships, components and concepts used in a DOTS deployment.
Influence of soil and structural stiffness on the design of jacket type substructures

The detailed design of jacket type substructures for offshore wind turbines involves an iterative load calculation process in which structural properties and loads are exchanged between the turbine vendor and the substructure designer. Structural and soil stiffness in particular play an important role as they directly influence the magnitude of loads in the ultimate and fatigue limit state. The well established procedures for monopiles cannot be directly adopted for jackets. Ramboll has conducted extensive sensitivity studies on how global and local loads change when stiffness is adjusted during the design process. The main findings are presented in this paper. These form the basis for some recommendations on how the design and load iteration process for jackets can be planned in order to achieve an optimal substructure design with a limited number of full load iterations. So‐called “Mini‐Load‐Iterations”, in which only a reduced number of time series is simulated, play an important role in this process.