Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preview Number 141

A microgravity investigation was conducted in an urban area and in residential buildings to delineate the old subsurface tunnels (Ghanats). These subsurface cavities (tunnels, wells) threaten the stability of the building and are a great danger to the people living in these buildings. The relative negative anomalies representing the probable location of old water tunnels and cavities have been detected by Bouguer anomalies. To delineate the negative anomalies that are mostly linear, an effective filter named Sun Shading is applied. The depths of these anomalies have also been determined by the Euler method. Some of these shallow accessible anomalies have been confirmed in the field by excavation. For processing the data, Encom (PA, Version 7) and Geosoft (Version 7) are used.
Implementation Efficiency

An analysis of risk, covariance, and correlation is used to measure the implementation losses that arise as a result of transaction costs and investment constraints. Losses are measured relative to an ideal, costless, and unconstrained implementation. The figure of merit is mean-variance expected utility expressed as portfolio alpha minus penalties for active variance and transaction costs. In a general setting, before-cost results are found that define the opportunity loss and identify its sources. In a specific case, after-cost results are found that enable prediction of how expected utility and information ratios are influenced by the investment process, information turnover, risk aversion, and transaction costs. The efficient management of investment portfolios requires an ability to understand, measure, forecast, and manage risk, return, and costs. In this article, I demonstrate how the tools of portfolio analysis—namely, analysis of risk, covariance, and correlation—can be used to understand, measure, and forecast the implementation losses that arise because of transaction costs and investment restrictions. An ideal, costless and unconstrained, implementation strategy is established as a benchmark; then, any actual implementation is measured relative to that ideal. The figure of merit is mean-variance expected utility expressed as portfolio alpha minus penalties for active variance and transaction costs. The difference between where we would like to be (the ideal) and where we are is called the “backlog. ” The backlog is the basket trade that would move us to an ideal holding. The loss in expected utility for any implementation is equal to the variance penalty for that backlog position. The correlation of the actual and ideal implementations is the transfer coefficient; the information ratio of any implementation is equal to the information ratio of the ideal implementation multiplied by the transfer coefficient. Moreover, the ratio of the objective values (before costs) for the actual and ideal implementations is bounded above by the transfer coefficient squared. Thus, a transfer coefficient of 0.7 indicates that we are getting less than 50 percent of the potential utility. This analysis lets me demonstrate, through an example, a general procedure for allocating the utility loss to constraints and costs. I consider a specific model that provides after-cost results in a simple analytic form. This model has four drivers: the power of our information, the half-life (shelf life) of our information, our risk aversion, and a model of transaction costs. These four factors determine, in a relatively simple way, the resulting nature of the investment in terms of active risk level, expected alpha, and expected transaction costs per year. The model is used to demonstrate the sensitivity of after-cost investment performance to changes in the half-life of the investment insights and to various levels of transaction costs.
Assemblages of cryptic animals in coral rubble along an estuarine gradient spanning mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef habitats

Small cryptic animals utilize the interstices of coral rubble as a refuge from predators and form a significant part of the diversity and productivity of coral reef ecosystems. In the present study, we examined the composition of cryptic mobile animals along an estuarine gradient within a mangrove-seagrass-coral reef seascape off Ishigaki Island, southwest Japan. We used mesh traps with defaunated coral rubble to sample cryptic mobile animals quantitatively at four sites: upper-estuary mangrove, lower-estuary mangrove, seagrass bed, and coral lagoon. Sixty-five species of decapod crustaceans, gastropods, fishes, and other mobile animals were identified. The assemblage composition of these identified species was significantly different among the four sites. Low-resolution taxa including copepods, gammarids, and other taxa also showed significant differences in composition among the four sites. Two types of rubble (branch and lump) were used to examine the possible effects of microhabitat structure, but no significant effect on assemblage composition was detected. Results indicate that, despite the close proximity and high degree of water mass mixing among the sites, cryptic animals colonized the trays from the surrounding habitats, and that the assemblage of cryptic animals varied considerably along the estuarine gradient.
Overexpression of TrxA::BjMT2 (Thioredoxin::Metallothionein Type 2 from Brassica juncea) Fusion Protein in Escherichia coli and In Vitro Cleavage by TEV Protease

BjMT2 cDNA clone gene isolated from Brassica juncea was constructed in pETM-20 and expressed in E.coli as a TrxA::BjMT2 fusion protein. After affinity chromatography and cleavage from the TrxA domain, pure BjMT2 protein was obtained which strongly reacted with the thiol reagent monobromobimane. The amino acid sequence determined by mass spectrograph revealed the polypeptide contains 80 amino acids and is full of 8 and 6 cysteines with CC, CXC and C-XX-C motifs clustered near -N and -C terminus, respectively.
ABSOLUTE VERSUS RELATIVE INTENSITY CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY

A major issue in evaluating the success of educational programs intended to improve public participation in physical activity is how to classify the intensity of activities performed. Currently, there are at least two approaches to estimating intensity of leisure time physical activity (LTPA), based on relative and absolute scales. We examined the impact of using relative versus absolute criteria on reaching physical activity goals set by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM; 2000) and the Surgeon General (United States Department of Health and Human Services, USDHHS, 1996). Subjects were healthy men (n = 619) and women (n = 497) aged 18-95 who were participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. The percentage of subjects meeting the Surgeon General's recommendations for moderate and high intensity LTPA declined with age under the absolute classification system but increased with age when a relative intensity scale was used. Using ACSM recommendations, aging was associated with a decline in high absolute intensity LTPA. However, when a relative classification system was used, high relative intensity LTPA appeared to increase with age, inverting the relationship between high-intensity LTPA and cardiorespiratory fitness. The use of relative intensity LTPA criteria suggests that older subjects are meeting national standards for physical activity, raising questions about the appropriateness of such a scale to motivate older adults to improve their fitness.
Household Rates of Return to Education in Rural Bangladesh: Accounting for Direct Costs, Child Labour, and Option Value

Abstract This study estimates the returns to boys’ education for rural Bangladeshi households by accounting for some conventionally neglected items: direct costs of education, foregone child labour earnings, and option value. The estimated returns are 13.5% for primary education, 7.8% for junior‐secondary education, 12.9% for higher‐secondary education, and 9.7% for higher education; the resulting option value from primary education is 5.3%. These results suggest that there is economic rationale for non‐poor rural households to invest in boys’ education, especially at the primary level.
Lithospheric Structure in the Australian Region - A Synthesis of Surface Wave and Body Wave Studies

The configuration of earthquake belts around Australia provides a wealth of events at suitable distances to be used as probes into the seismic structure of the upper mantle. The few permanent seismic stations have been supplemented with extensive deployments of portable broadband stations for periods of a few months at each site. The broadband records have been used in a variety of studies of three-dimensional (3D) structure. Surface wave tomography is based on matching seismic waveforms on individual paths and then mapping the path-specific constraints on shear structure into a 3D model. Higher-frequency body wave arrivals are refracted back from the variations in structure in the mantle and are particularly sensitive to discontinuities in structure. Observations out to 3000 km provide coverage of the structures down through the transition zone. For northern Australia, the combination of short-period and broadband observations provides detailed information on both P and S wavespeeds and attenuation structure. There is a complex pattern of 3D structure beneath the Australian region. The cratonic region in the centre and west is underlain by a thick mantle lithosphere extending to around 200 km depth with fast wavespeeds (especially for S waves). However, the mobile belt in Central Australia has comparatively low wavespeeds to at least 75 km depth with fast lithospheric material beneath. In the asthenosphere, the S wavespeeds diminish and there is significant attenuation. Beneath the eastern zone of Phanerozoic outcrop the lithosphere is generally thinner (less than 140 km) and the asthenosphere beneath has a pronounced low velocity zone for S again with high attenuation.
Classificação de cultivares de brássicas com relação à resistência à traça-das-crucíferas e à presença de glucosinolatos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of cabbage and kale cultivars on the diamondback moth biology; to analyze the plant chemical composition in relation to glucosinolates and to apply the multivariate analysis to classify cultivar resistance. Trials were conduct using: green cabbage cultivar Chato-de-quintal and hybrid Midori; purple cabbage Roxo precoce and purple hybrid TPC00682; kale cultivar Georgia (susceptibility standard) and hybrid HS20. The pest biological characteristics evaluated were: viability and the length of the larval and pupal period, sex ratio, female fertility, adult longevity and the length and viability of the egg phase; also it was calculated the corrected reproductive potential index (CRP). Pearson correlation was obtained, and the grouping and main components of multivariate analysis were applied. Sinigrin and other glucosinolates were evaluated by liquid chromatography. 'Georgia', 'Roxo' and HS20 hybrids were classified as highly susceptible; 'Roxo precoce' and Midori hybrid, as susceptible, and 'Chato-de-quintal' as moderately resistant to diamondback moth. Multivariate analyses provided a better way to classify cultivars in relation to different resistance degrees. Brassica genetic materials evaluated do not present sinigrin.
Volume, solute concentrations and production of short‐chain fatty acids in the caecum and upper colon of the guinea pig

Zusammenfassung Flussigkeitsvolumen, Konzentrationen geloster Stoffe und Produktion kurzkettiger Fettsauren im Caecum und im oberen Colon des Meerschweinchens 1 Das durchschnittliche Gewicht des Caecuminhaltes betragt beim anaesthesierten Meerschweinchen 4,7% des Korpergewichts. 2 Bei nicht betaubten Tieren ist der Caecuminhalt mit dem Inhalt des oberen Abschnittes des proximalen Colons vermischt. Beide zusammen bilden eine gemeinsame Fermentations-ka'mmer „die hier, caecales Kompartment” genannt wird. Der Inhalt dieses Kompartments betragt ca. 6,7% des Korpergewichts. Die Ausflusrate von Flussigkeit aus diesem Kompartment betragt 14% des Flussigkeitsvolumens pro Stunde. 3 Der Inhalt des Caecums war hyperton gegenuber dem Blut. Die kurzkettigen Fettsauren stellten mit 96±29 mmol · 1−1 den grosten Teil der Anionen. 4 Die Produktionsrate der drei wichtigsten kurzkettigen Fettsauren im „caecalen Kompartment” betrug 54 ± 12 mmol · d−1, das entspricht 31% des berechneten Grundumsatzes des Meerschweinchens. 5 Der groste Teil der im „caecalen Kompartment” gebildeten kurzkettigen Fettsauren wurde auch dort resorbiert, nur 15% gelangten in den weiteren Dickdarm.
Falcon Gravity Gradiometer Technology

BHP Billiton’s FALCON airborne gravity gradiometer is a derivative of the Gravity Gradient Instrument (GGI) developed by Bell Aerospace (now Lockheed Martin) between 1975 and 1990. The basis of the GGI design is an accelerometer complement consisting of four accelerometers equi-spaced on a circle with their sensitive axes tangential to the circle. This configuration rejects both common mode acceleration and rotations about the axis perpendicular to the plane of the complement. The complement remains intrinsically sensitive to rotation rates about axes in the plane of the complement and is sensitive to the acceleration environment to the extent that there is imbalance in the accelerometer sensitivities. Rotation of the complement about the perpendicular axis moves the gradient signal to twice the rotation frequency, away from the effects of low frequency accelerometer bias changes. The GGI is mounted in a high-performance inertial stabilised platform to reduce rotation of the instrument so that its sensitivity to this motion does not represent a significant noise source. The GGI accelerometers are designed for very low noise, requiring hard evacuation, high pendulosity, low spring constant and attention to the constrainment loop. Accelerometer pairs are aligned with precision and their sensitivities and frequency responses are matched. The scale factor (sensitivity) and alignment of the sensitive axis of each accelerometer are adjusted by compensation feedback loops to minimise accelerometer imbalance by monitoring the response of the system to specific stimuli. The requirements of survey operations were taken into account during development of the system and the result is an instrument which requires limited preparation, is largely automated during surveys, places few restrictions on flight planning and has been operated in harsh ambient conditions. Data processing is streamlined and data quality can be checked immediately after a flight.
A General Model for Simulation of Stock and Fleet Dynamics in Spatially Heterogeneous Fisheries

A simple simulation model of stock and fleet dynamics is described that allows rapid exploration of the dynamics of fisheries in a spatially heterogeneous environment. The model simulates how fishermen allocate their search effort among spatial areas in relation to differential catch rates, prices, or area-specific desirabilities. The model runs in a few seconds per simulated year on an IBM microcomputer in interpreted BASIC, although both age structure and space are explicitly represented. The importance of exploring dynamic behavior of fisheries systems is discussed.
A Laboratory Assessment of In-Service and Nonintrusive Motor Efficiency Testing Methods

Determining in-service motor efficiencies is important to industries concerned with energy conservation and cost savings; however, nonintrusive efficiency measurements of installed motors can be difficult to obtain and even more difficult to verify. This paper describes an evaluation and comparison of 12 motor efficiency methods through laboratory testing to assess their accuracy and precision. Analysis of the methods and implementation procedures is discussed. Additionally, four efficiency methods that are characterized by a very low intrusion level are tested in further detail, and the results of these tests are presented.
PROSPECTIVE MEMORY TRAINING IN OLDER ADULTS

This study evaluates the results of a training program for prospective remembering. The goal of the training was to improve prospective memory by associating cues from the retrieval situation with the to be remembered information. The training group consisted of 20 participants, aged between 45 and 81 years. The effects of strategy training were compared with those of an educational training group (N = 23 , age range 45-84) directed at reducing worries about forgetfulness, and a retest control group (N = 22 , age range 46-74). The educational training and retest control groups did not differ in demographic characteristics and test performance and were combined into one control group. Subjective evaluations revealed that subjects were very satisfied with the effects of training. This also was true for subjects in the educational training condition. The objective effects of training were evaluated with a telephone task which had to be performed in the daily life situation, and a prospective categorization task performed in the laboratory. Despite the low reliabilities of the prospective tasks, a significant but small effect of training compared to the combined control group was found on the sum score of prospective tests. The training effect was not related to age or pretraining performance level. At the three months follow-up, however, performance of the control group had increased to the level of the trained group. As expected, training effects did not generalize to other memory measures (assessed with tests for remembering names) or control measures (assessed with visuo-motor reaction time tests).
Burbot resource selection in small streams near the southern extent of the species range

IntroductionMany species of ﬁsh in stream ecosystems arethreatened by degradation of habitat by humandevelopment and landscape alteration (Wang et al.2000; Wheeler et al. 2005). As humans alter aquaticsystems many ﬁsh species are likely to face populationdeclines and range reductions (Neves & Angermeier1990; Rahel et al. 1999; Mattson & Angermeier2007). Declines of burbot Lota lota populationsthroughout much of their holarctic range have resultedin their inclusion on species of conservation concernlists (Kirchhofer & Hefti 1996; Paragamian & Bennett2008). Further, interest in the conservation of biodi-versity of ﬁsh has increased attention to burbotmanagement among ﬁsheries scientists (Arndt H Fisher et al. 2000). This study wasprompted by the desire better to understand habitat useof burbot occurring in small streams near the sourthernextent of the species range in North America, osten-sibly threatened by limited range, suburban sprawl andthe predicted loss of coldwater streams in a changingclimate.The conservation of aquatic habitat is a goal ofbiodiversity management because human effects onaquatic systems are often in conﬂict with speciespersistence (Abell et al. 2000; Labonne & Gaudin2006). Aquatic conservation is informed by identify-ing the physical habitat variables most inﬂuencing ﬁshabundance in streams (Ahmadi-Nedushan et al. 2006;and references therein); it is important to understandthe relative inﬂuence of each habitat variable and thespatial scale over which each variable functions(Rabeni & Sowa 1996). Information about habitat
Two species of Tortanus (Eutortanus) (Copepoda: Calanoida: Tortanidae) new to Korea

Two species of Tortanus (Eutortanus) are newly recorded from shallow Korean waters: T. (E.) vermiculus Shen, 1955 and T. (E.) komachi Itoh, Ohtsuka and Sato, 2001. As a result of this study, five species are reported in the subgenus of the family Tortanidae in Korea. The sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) is also provided as a molecular characteristic.
A genetic evaluation of morphology used to identify harvested Canada geese

Using maximum likelihood estimators (in genetic stock identification), we used genetic markers to evaluate the utility of 2 morphological measures (culmen length and plumage color) to correctly identify groups of hunter-harvested dusky (Branta canadensis occidentalis) and dusky-like Canada geese on the wintering grounds within the Pacific Flyway. Significant levels of genetic differentiation were observed across all sampled breeding sites for both nuclear microsatellite loci and mtDNA when analyzed at the sequence level. The ability to discriminate among geese from these sites using genetic markers was further demonstrated using computer simulations. We estimated contributions from the Copper River Delta, the primary breeding area of dusky Canada geese, to groups of hunter-harvested geese classified as dusky Canada geese on the basis of morphology as 50.6 ± 10.1(SE)% for females and 50.3 ± 13.0% for males. We also estimated that 16 ± 8.1% of females classified as dusky Canada geese on the basis of morphology originated from Middleton Island, Alaska; a locale currently managed as a subpopulation of dusky Canada geese, even though the majority of geese from this area possess a unique mtDNA haplotype not found on the Copper River Delta. The use of culmen length and plumage color to identify the origin of breeding populations in the harvest provides conservative criteria for management of dusky Canada geese as individuals of other breeding populations are misassigned as dusky Canada geese and birds of the lighter-plumaged dusky-like group did not appear to originate from breeding sites of the dusky Canada goose. Our analyses demonstrate that genetic markers can accurately estimate the proportion of genetically differentiated areas that comprise an admixed group, but they also raise questions about the management scale of Pacific Flyway Canada geese (e.g., at the subspecies or breeding population level) and the use of morphological and genetic characteristics to monitor the harvest of different populations within admixed wintering flocks.
Particle-Size-Conversion Efficiency and Contaminant Concentrations in Lake Ontario Biota

The particle-size-conversion efficiency (log food consumption/production divided by log predator prey size ratio) is shown to be directly related to the relationship between the concentration of persistent contaminants accumulated primarily through the food chain and body size for organisms in pelagic ecosystems. The difference between particle-size-conversion efficiency for biomass and that for the contaminant gives the slope of the relationship between log contaminant concentration and log body size. This provides a useful theoretical framework for analyzing contaminant concentrations in aquatic biota without the need for specifying trophic level but still incorporating the idea of food chain accumulation. Concentrations of PCB, DDT, and mercury were examined in aquatic organisms from Lake Ontario, ranging in size from zooplankton to large salmonids (a 108 -fold range in dry weight). The slope of the double log plot of concentration versus weight varied from 0.20 to 0.22 for PCB and DDT and was approxim.
A Note on the Problem Solving Style Questionnaire: An alternative to Kolb's Learning Style Inventory?

Given the psychometric limitations of existing measures of Kolb's experiential learning model (ELM), two new scales of learning styles have been developed. The validity of these scales has been supported in samples of undergraduate and MBA students in the USA. This paper provides evidence of some psychometric properties of scores yielded by these scales using samples of undergraduate students in the UK. Only limited support is found for the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of scores produced by the scales. However, an item attrition exercise identifies a two‐factor solution providing an acceptable fit to the data. The scales are reported as being positively correlated with academic performance and prior academic achievement. Despite the mixed evidence, we suggest further development of the scales is warranted to create a psychometrically sound measure of the ELM.