Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commercial lignosulfonates from different sulfite processes as partial phenol replacement in PF resole resins

Four commercial spruce lignosulfonates representing the most common acidic, neutral, and alkaline sulfite pulping processes and varying significantly in molecular weight characteristics were tested as partial (40 wt %) phenol substitute materials for the manufacture of lignosulfonate-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resole resins. Similar as recently reported for technical lignins from nonsulfite pulping processes (kraft, soda, organosolv), all lignosulfonates of this study effectuated a faster viscosity gain during resole cooking compared to the lignin-free reference resin (1000 mPa s after 120 min vs. 250 min to reach 1000 mPa s). Sodium lignosulfonate featuring the lowest weight average molecular weight (Mw 5780 g mol−1) and dispersity (Ð 6.1) turned out to be superior to the other lignosulfonates with regard to curing rate (B-time; 3:37 min vs. 6:41–9:08 min) and tensile shear strength development under hot pressing (120 °C; TS,max = 5.64 N mm−2 after 8 min) for beech veneer strips glued together with the respective LPF resins. Calcium and magnesium lignosulfonates are less suited with regard to phenol replacement due to the poor performance of the respective LPF adhesives in terms of tensile shear strength (TS,max = 3.29–3.49 N mm−2 after 12 min) most likely caused by considerable amounts of side products formed in the course of formose-type reactions. Phenolation of the two promising lignosulfonates, that is, sodium and ammonium lignosulfonate, did neither considerably increase the rate of PF network formation during resin cooking and curing nor improve tensile strength development during hot pressing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 135, 45893.
Machine Learning for Sustainable Energy Systems

In recent years, machine learning has proven to be a powerful tool for deriving insights from data. In this review, we describe ways in which machine learning has been leveraged to facilitate the development and operation of sustainable energy systems. We first provide a taxonomy of machine learning paradigms and techniques, along with a discussion of their strengths and limitations. We then provide an overview of existing research using machine learning for sustainable energy production, delivery, and storage. Finally, we identify gaps in this literature, propose future research directions, and discuss important considerations for deployment. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Current Status of Carbon‐Related Defect Luminescence in GaN

Highly insulating layers are a prerequisite for gallium nitride (GaN)‐based power electronic devices. For this purpose, carbon doping is one of the currently pursued approaches. However, its impact on the optical and electrical properties of GaN has been widely debated in the scientific community. For further improvement of device performance, a better understanding of the role of related defects is essential. To study optically active point defects, photoluminescence is one of the most frequently used experimental characterization techniques. Herein, the main recent advances in the attribution of carbon‐related photoluminescence bands are reviewed, which were enabled by the interplay of a refinement of growth and characterization techniques and state‐of‐the‐art first‐principles calculations developed during the last decade. The predicted electronic structures of isolated carbon defects and selected carbon‐impurity complexes are compared to experimental results. Taking into account both of these, a comprehensive overview on the present state of interpretation of carbon‐related broad luminescence bands in bulk GaN is presented.
Spatial skyline query problem in Euclidean and road-network spaces

With the growth of data-intensive applications, along with the increase of both size and dimensionality of data, queries with advanced semantics have recently drawn researchers’ attention. Skyline query problem is one of them, which produces optimal results based on user preferences. In this thesis, we study the problem of spatial skyline query in the Euclidean and road network spaces. For a given data set P , we are required to compute the spatial skyline points of P with respect to an arbitrary query set Q. A point p ∈ P is a spatial skyline point if and only if, for any other data point r ∈ P , p is closer to at least one query point q ∈ Q as compared to r and has in the best case the same distance as r to the rest of the query points. We propose several efficient algorithms that outperform the existing algorithms.
Phase Equilibrium of Three Binary Mixtures Containing NO and Components Present in Ambient Air

Air contains impurities, which must be removed before its transformation and utilization. In the present work, new isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data are reported for three binary systems containing NO with (CO, N2, or Ar) at different temperatures (between 105 and 146 K) and pressures up to 4 MPa. The compositions of the coexisting phases were experimentally determined using an apparatus based on the “static-analytic” method. The Peng–Robinson equation of state combined with different mixing rules (classical, Wong–Sandler, and Huron–Vidal) were used to represent the phase diagram (P, x, y).
Rheological characterization and modelling of hydrates slurries during crystallization under laminar flowing

An original experimental set-up was developed and used for studying crystallization and rheology of methane hydrate/water/dodecane system under laminar flowing. Dynamic viscosity and conversion of water and gas into gas hydrate crystals were measured during the process for various water contents. Experimental results were explained by means of a model including nucleation, growth and agglomeration. Due to the high value of crystal and drop concentrations, agglomeration takes place through three-bodies collisions between one water drop and two already formed agglomerates. Resulting agglomerates were considered as fractal-like ones. During crystallization and agglomeration, the effective volume fraction of drops and porous agglomerates is increased, then suspension viscosity increases. When all water drops are crystallized, agglomeration stops and viscosity do not change.
CELL CYCLE ARREST ACTIVITY OF LITSEA CUBEBA LOUR: HEARTWOOD AND FRUIT EXTRACTS AGAINST T47D BREAST CANCER CELLS

Â Â Objective: This study was carried out to investigate cell cycle arrest activity toward T47D cells of Litsea cubeba heartwoods and fruits extract.Methods: Dry extracts were prepared from dry-grounded heartwoods and fruits by cold maceration using n-hexane, ethylacetate, and ethanol solvent. Cytotoxic activity were measured by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] methods and interpreted with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value. Cell cycle arrest was investigated by flowcytometry method.Results: IC50 values for each n-hexane, ethylacetate, and ethanol of L. cubeba heartwoods and fruits were 76. 34Â±2.61; 67. 52Â±2.45; 71. 23Â±2.37; 75. 59Â±3.24; 162. 58Â±15.08; 63. 70Â±2.67 I¼g/mL, respectively. Cell cycle arrest for ethylacetate extract of heartwoods and fruits were accumulated in G0/G1 phase (56.70% and 65.56%). Conclusion: These results suggest that L. cubeba heartwoods and fruits has cell cycle arrest activity.
Phosphonated Calixarene as a “Molecular Glue” for Protein Crystallization

Protein crystallization remains a serious bottleneck to structure determination by X-ray diffraction methods. Compounds acting as “molecular glue” provide a promising strategy to overcome this bottleneck. Such molecules interact via noncovalent bonds with two or more protein surfaces to promote lattice formation. Here, we report a 1.5 A resolution crystal structure of lysine-rich cytochrome c complexed with p-phosphonatomethyl-calix[4]arene (pmclx4). Evidence for complex formation in solution was provided by NMR studies. Similar to p-sulfonato-calix[4]arene (sclx4), the cavity of pmclx4 entrapped a single lysine side chain. Interesting features of protein recognition by the phosphonate substituents were identified in the crystal structure. A new calixarene binding site was identified at Lys54. The electron density at this site indicated two distinct calixarene conformers, suggesting a degree of ligand mobility. The role of pmclx4 in protein crystal packing (molecular glue and patchy particle model) as wel.
Complex Fluid-Fluid Interface may Non Trivially Dictate Droplet Deformation in an Incipient Flow

The present study theoretically predicts the effect of interfacial viscosity on the deformation of a compound drop as well as on the bulk rheology. The system at hand comprises of a dilute emulsion of concentric compound drops, laden with surfactants and suspended in a linear flow. Two types of linear flows are considered in this study, namely, a uniaxial extensional flow and a simple shear flow. Presence of surfactants along the drop surface leads to the generation of an interfacial viscosity, which is different from the bulk. This interfacial viscosity generates a viscous drag that along with bulk flow-induced nonuniform surfactant distribution on the drop surface significantly alters drop dynamics. For the present study an asymptotic approach is used to solve the flow field under the limiting case of diffusion-dominated-surfactant transport. Assuming the surfactants to be bulk-insoluble and negligible inertia to be present in fluid flow, it is shown that presence of interfacial viscosity reduces the deformation of a compound drop and enhances the stability of a dilute double emulsion. At the same time the effective viscosity of the emulsion also increases with rise in interfacial viscosity. For large values of interfacial dilatational viscosity the drop deformation is seen to increase and hence the stability of the double emulsion is questionable.
Estimation of crop evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under low land condition

An attempt has been made to estimate the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and Kc under alternate wetting and drying method (AWD) of water management of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under lowland condition during 2013 and 2014 at Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The average seasonal ETc was highest in continuous submergence (Cs) of 3-cm depth from transplanting to panicle initiation (PI) and 5-cm from PI to physiological maturity (PM) (657.8 mm) followed by AWD irrigation regimes of flooding to a water depth of 5-cm between15 DAT to PM and when ponded water level drops to 5-cm below ground level in field water tube (628 mm). The results suggested that the roots of rice were able to extract adequate amount of water to satisfy its ETc needs for 2-7 days in different treatments of AWD. The mean crop coefficient values worked out were 1.35, 1.59, 1.81 and 1.33 at initial establishment stage, vegetative and panicle initiation stage, at panicle development stage and at ripening and maturity stage.
A new broad spectrum disinfectant suitable for the food industry

A unique biocide composition (patent pending) that is formed from a hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite mixture was investigated. A biocidal "complex" is formed by adding the peroxide to the hypochlorite in an amount so that the weight ratio of the peroxide to the hypochlorite is no less than 1:10. The chemical structure of this biocidal "complex" is uncertain but we postulate that it is a semi-stable complex, whose stability is disrupted by heat, acid, U/V exposure and the presence of organic matter (i.e., microbes) The antimicrobial activity of the biocidal "complex" is most likely a combination effect between oxidation and reductive mechanisms The biocidal complex needed from one sixth to one half the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and from one twentieth to one half that of sodium hypochlorite to kill a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. In the case of bacterial spores (Bacillus sp.), MICs of the biocidal complex ranged from one twentieth to one half and from one fourth to one half for hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite, respectively. FIC values for both bacterial cells and spores were less than one. FIC values of less than one indicate that a synergistic effect exists between biocide components. The activity of the biocide is stable at alkaline pH, with a half-life of at least 42 days. It is non-corrosive and can be effective in both a dip and spray mode against bacterial cells in their planktonic or sessile state. Our studies indicate that sodium hypochlorite is not only synergistic with hydrogen peroxide but with sodium peroxide as well The use of this biocidal complex may provide a safe, effective and easy method for killing potential pathogens as well as for disinfecting and removing biofilms, as they pose a threat to human safety, particularly in the Food Industry.
Tip 2 Diabetes Mellituslu Hastaların Bitkisel Destek Kullanım Durumları

İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, İzmir, Türkiye Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi , Endokrinoloji Bilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye Tip 2 Diabetes Mellituslu Hastaların Bitkisel Destek Kullanım Durumları Herbal Supplement Use among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Nano-enabled disulfiram for cancer therapy

The hypothesis was that encapsulation of labile disulfiram (DS) in a high capacity nanoemulsion stabilized by quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (GCPQ) could protect DS from degradation in the blood and increase its delivery to tumours. GCPQ was synthesized from glycol chitosan and characterized. GCP20Q11 polymer was chosen to be incorporated with DS in soybean oil into homogenous DS-GCP20Q11-E nanoemulsion. The nanoemulsions showed capability of oil-loading up to 50% v/v for a stable entrapment of high drug content. With increasing oil content (5 to 50%) the mean particle size increased, as did overall polydispersity (190 to 359 nm and 0.14 to 0.21, respectively). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed existence of heterogeneous particles with a size below 100 nm. The drug load and colloidal stability were seen improved in lower oil-content formulations stored at low temperature. Formulations showed highly positive particle surface charge (51 mV at pH 4.50), proving the ionic stability of the individual particles. DS-GCP20Q11-E showed marked cytotoxicity effect against human pancreatic cancer cell line (MIAPaCa-2) with enhanced activity seen in the presence of copper (IC50 of 0.37 µM compared to 34.17 µM with the nanoemulsion treatment without copper). In vivo oral pharmacokinetic (PK) study of DS-GCP20Q11-E showed low DS level (low area under curve (AUC)) in the mouse plasma compared to control group whereas the intravenous (IV) PK showed an improved AUC value with DS half-life of 17 minutes. DS-GCP20Q11-E anticancer activity against development of human pancreatic cancer xenograft tumour in mice revealed significant prolonged survival in animals treated with IV DS-GCP20Q11-E or oral DS in soybean oil compared to control (no treatment). No toxicity or side effects were seen from the multiple administration of the nanoemulsion. In conclusion, DS-GCP20Q11-E nanoemulsion has the potential to be used or developed further for cancer therapeutic purposes.
A heterometallic sodium–europium-cluster-based metal–organic framework as a versatile and water-stable chemosensor for antibiotics and explosives

Herein, a highly stable luminescent heterometallic MOF, [NaEu2(TATAB)2(DMF)3]·OH (CTGU-7, H3TATAB = 4,4′,4′′-s-triazine-1,3,5-triyltri-m-aminobenzoic acid, DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide, CTGU = China Three Gorges University), was synthesized. CTGU-7 crystallizes in a highly symmetric cubic framework with the pyrite-type topology, constructed from a novel Eu2Na trimeric cluster as a 6-connected node. Observably, this framework remains intact in a remarkably extensive environment such as in a common solvent and aqueous solutions. CTGU-7 is demonstrated to be the first known MOF for the selective detection of oridazole antibiotics. It also exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity for nitrophenol and benzyl alcohol. Thus, this material can potentially be used as a multi-responsive luminescent sensor.
Solid phase extraction and detection of OTC and TC residues in milk using UHPLC-DAD

The present study was conducted for detection of Oxytetracycline (OTC) and Tetracycline (TC) residues in milk using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) method and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to Diode Array Detector (DAD). Raw milk samples were randomly collected from roadside milk vendors in sterile containers and then preserved until analysis. Homogenization and ultrasonication of milk samples were performed followed by ultracentrifugation, extraction and filtration by using 0.2 μm syringe filter. The Standard calibration curves of OTC and TC showed good linearity (r2 > 0.995 and r2> 0.991) over the range of 1.0 to 5.0 μg/g. Accuracy and recovery was in the range of 95.099. 0% and 91.5-98.0% for OTC and TC in milk indicating that the method can be used as a validated method. The present method very precisely identifies and quantifies low level of OTC and TC in milk which is useful for monitoring purpose.
Antioxidant activity, flavonols and phenolic acids of various fruits

Total polyphenols (TP), total anthocyanins (TA) and antioxidant activity of various fruits (black currant, red currant, sour cherry, elderberry, and blueberry) were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteau, pH-differential and DPPH method. In order to identify individual non-anthocyanic phenolic compounds [flavonols (quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol), phenolic acids (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic and ellagic acid)] present in chosen fruits, HPLC method was applied. The highest amounts of TP and TA, and the strongest antioxidant activities were found in blueberry, elderberry and black currant. The major non-anthocyanic phenolic component in elderberry and blueberry was quercetin. In black currant, myricetin was the most abundant phenolic compound. P-hydroxybenzoic acid was the main phenolic compound of red currant, whereas p-coumaric and caffeic acid were the most abundant phenolic compounds of sour cherry.
Representation of Context-Specific Causal Models with Observational and Interventional Data

We consider the problem of representing causal models that encode context-specific information for discrete data. To represent such models we use a proper subclass of staged tree models which we call CStrees. We show that the context-specific information encoded by a CStree can be equivalently expressed via a collection of DAGs. As not all staged tree models admit this property, CStrees are a subclass that provides a transparent, intuitive and compact representation of context-specific causal information. Model equivalence for CStrees also takes a simpler form than for general staged trees: We provide a characterization of the complete set of asymmetric conditional independence relations encoded by a CStree. As a consequence, we obtain a global Markov property for CStrees which leads to a graphical criterion of model equivalence for CStrees generalizing that of Verma and Pearl for DAG models. In addition, we provide a closed-form formula for the maximum likelihood estimator of a CStree and use it to show that the Bayesian information criterion is a locally consistent score function for this model class. We also give an analogous global Markov property and characterization of model equivalence for general interventions in CStrees. As examples, we apply these results to two real data sets, and examine how BIC-optimal CStrees for each provide a clear and concise representation of the learned context-specific causal structure.
Slash Spatial Linear Modeling: Soybean Yield Variability as a Function of Soil Chemical Properties

ABSTRACT: In geostatistical modeling of soil chemical properties, one or more influential observations in a dataset may impair the construction of interpolation maps and their accuracy. An alternative to avoid the problem would be to use most robust models, based on distributions that have heavier tails. Therefore, this study proposes a spatial linear model based on the slash distribution (SSLM) in order to characterize the spatial variability of soybean yields as a function of soil chemical properties. The likelihood ratio [. ]
The Effect of a Low Protein Diet on The Expression of IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β in The Kidney Tissue of Mice Model

High prevalence of malnutrition has impact that often causes problems in body organs. Various reports suggest an association between malnutrition and chronic kidney failure. However, the effect of malnutrition on the immunological status of the kidney has not been identified. Objective: to identify the effect malnutrition on the immunological status of the kidney. Methods: It was an experimental study with post test only control group design to compare two dietaries intake in two mice groups. Group 1, mice were given with standard intake. Group 2, mice were fed with low protein diet. The variables analyzed were the expression of IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β in kidney tissue by immunohistochemistry and comparative test using Mann-Whitney test. Results: Eleven dead mice were found in the low protein diet group until day 75. At the end of observation, the number of mice in control group remained 10, while, in malnutrition group, there were 9 mice which were still alive but in a state of malnutrition. Based on comparative test between the group receiving and not receiving low protein diet, it was found that the expression of IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β in kidney tissue showed a significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: Low protein diet in malnutrition affects the immunological status of the kidney as marked by the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β in the kidney tissue of mice model. Keywords: Low protein diet, Kidney tissue, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β expression
57Fe Mössbauer study of stoichiometric iron-based superconductor CaKFe4As4: a comparison to KFe2As2 and CaFe2As2

Abstract Fe Mössbauer spectra at different temperatures between and K were measured on an oriented mosaic of single crystals of . The data indicate that is a well formed compound with narrow spectral lines, no traces of other, Fe – containing, secondary phases in the spectra and no static magnetic order. There is no discernible feature at the superconducting transition temperature in any of the hyperfine parameters. The temperature dependence of the quadrupole splitting approximately follows the empirical ‘ law’. The hyperfine parameters of are compared with those for measured in this work, and the literature data for , and were found to be in between those for these two, ordered, 122 compounds, in agreement with the gross view of as a structural analog of and that has alternating Ca- and K-layers in the structure.
Efficient aerobic oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by NiGa hydrotalcites in the absence of any additives

The aerobic oxidation of alcohol catalyzed by NiGa hydrotalcites in the absence of any additives has been studied in detail. The research results revealed that the surface basicity significantly affected the catalytic performance. Moreover, the Bronsted OH basic site on Ni-containing hydrotalcites was suggested to be the key active site and accelerated the oxidation. The catalytic system had good tolerance for various alcohols, and an excellent selectivity of aldehyde could be obtained for the oxidation of primary alcohol. A probable non-radical reaction path for the transformation has been proposed according to the catalytic results, isotope labelling experiments and Hammett experiments.