Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seed dormancy in red rice. XII: Population-based analysis of dry-afterripening with a hydrotime model

Abstract Red rice (Oryza sativa L.) dispersal units (florets) were dry-afterripened for 0–8 weeks and subsequently incubated at 30°C in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions with water potentials from 0 to − 1.6 MPa. Germination percentages and rates increased with dry-afterripening and water potential of the incubation medium. The seed population exhibited a normal distribution of base water potentials (Ψb, i.e. minimum water potential allowing germination) among individual seeds, characterized by three parameters: the hydrotime constant (θH), the mean base water potential (Ψb) and the standard deviation of the base water potential distribution (σΨb). Changes in germination during afterripening could be described by modifications of such parameters, particularly Ψb, which was employed to derive an index, DH(ARX = Ψb(ARX) − Ψb(ARN), where DH(ARX) represents a measure of dormancy of the seed population (in MPa) based on the hydrotime model, Ψb(ARX) is the mean base water potential of the seed population at any afterripening time X, and Ψb(ARN) is the mean water potential of the non-dormant (fully afterripened) population. The introduction of this index permitted interpretation of afterripening as a measurable reduction in the dormancy status of the seed, with progressive acquisition of both full germinative capacity and maximum germination rate, as anticipated by the hydrotime model. Moreover, secondary dormancy was induced proportionally to the reduction in water potential in the dark. Susceptibility to secondary dormancy induction was defined through DI(ARX), an index analogous to DH(ARX). These indices revealed that, in red rice, both breaking of primary dormancy and the inducibility of secondary dormancy followed decay kinetics with different sensitivities to the duration of dry storage.
Spread of Covid-19: a Study Case of Honduras, Forecasting with Logistic Model and SIR Model

In this compilation, the logistic model and the SIR model are tested to forecast the spread of Covid-19 virus in Honduras by using the software Matlab. The mathematics topics involved are presented in a friendly way to facilitate their reading and to identify some possible didactic practices derived from their application. Certainly, some graphs, data arrangements and comments about the results obtained are given. The forecasts in this document depended on the handling of the data provided by the Hondurean’s authorities.
INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL FORM AND CONCENTRATION OF NITROGEN ON APOPLASTIC pH OF LEAVES

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various forms of nitrogen (NO− 3, NH+ 4) supplied to the roots via a nutrient solution on the apoplastic pH in intact leaves determined by fluorescence ratio imaging. In contrast to NH+ 4, higher apoplastic pH values in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris and Helianthus annuus were measured with NO− 3 nutrition. In this context no significant differences were found in leaves of Vicia faba and Zea mays supplied with the various forms of N. Comparative studies on apoplastic pH in leaves of Vicia faba, Zea mays and Helianthus annuus demonstrated that NO− 3 reductase activity in roots was responsible for the differences in NO− 3 concentration and pH in the leaf apoplast. Light-induced pH changes in the leaf apoplast also occur and may overlap the effects of various forms of N. Increasing concentrations of NO− 3 supply to the roots did not significantly affect apoplastic pH in leaves of Helianthus annuus. Depletion of NO− 3 in the nutrient solution led to lower apoplastic pH in leaves of Zea mays. Leaf fertilization with NH+ 4 led to a decline in apoplastic pH of leaves whereas NH3 gas exposure caused a biphasic response in apoplastic pH.
Terminal Buds in the Branchial Tube of the Brook Lamprey (Lampetra planeri (Bloch))—Putative Respiratory Monitors

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that the sensory buds are structurally similar to those on the gill arches of the larva. They are composed of ciliated receptors, microvillous supporting cells, peripheral cells and, occasionally, Merkel cells. The connection between receptors and nerves is unusual among vertebrate sensory organs, appearing like a reversed neuromuscular junction. From their structure and localization it is suggested that the terminal buds are chemoreceptive organs involved in evaluation of the respiratory water.
Healing Miscarriage Trauma Through Expressive Arts Therapy, Ritual, and Healing Circles: A Critical Literature Review

Miscarriage is the leading pregnancy complication in the United States, yet discussion of it remains a societal taboo that limits women’s ability to receive emotional and psychological support from medical professionals and their communities. This paper presents an innovative method for healing and processing this unique form of grief. Expressive arts therapy is expanding as an evidence-based approach for the treatment of trauma and mental health concerns. Although there is minimal peer-reviewed literature on the use of expressive arts therapy as a singular healing modality for miscarriage grief, studies have shown that visual art, writing, music, and movement have proven to be beneficial in addressing emotions connected to various pregnancy and fertility complications. This literature review addressed the need for expression, validation, and connection after early pregnancy loss through the integration of expressive arts therapy, ritual, and healing circles as an effective holistic approach toward processing grief and trauma after an early pregnancy loss. Through this research it was revealed that significant overlap exists between expressive arts therapy and traditional indigenous rituals that provide emotional and communal support. The work presented here has profound implications for future studies of treating perinatal grief and trauma and may one day help solve the gaps in healthcare by providing women a more holistic and multifaceted approach for support after miscarriage. Further research examining expressive arts therapy as a healing modality for early pregnancy loss is recommended.
Serological and molecular detection of Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV)

The purpose of the present study was to confirm the presence of PLRV by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. For this the present study undergo serological and molecular detection of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) by studying PLRV on the basis of symptomlogy, by serological detection (DAS-ELISA) and amplification of coat protein gene by RT-PCR. Ten (10) samples of potato were tested and 8 were found to be infected either by a single virus or more than one virus. Eighty (80)% infection was observed by DAS-ELISA and the resulted cDNA was used in PCR reaction using gene specific primer pair an amplified product of approximately 626 bp was observed.
On the Practicality of Learning Models for Network Telemetry

—Today’s data plane network telemetry systems enable network operators to capture ﬁne-grained data streams of many different network trafﬁc features (e.g., loss or ﬂow arrival rate) at line rate. This capability facilitates data-driven approaches to network management and motivates leveraging either statistical or machine learning models (e.g., for forecasting network data streams) for automating various network management tasks. However, current studies on network automation-related problems are in general not concerned with issues that arise when deploying these models in practice (e.g., (re)training overhead). In this paper, we examine various training-related aspects that affect the accuracy and overhead (and thus feasibility) of both LSTM and SARIMA, two popular types of models used for forecasting real-world network data streams in telemetry systems. In particular, we study the impact of the size, choice, and recency of the training data on accuracy and overhead and explore using separate models for different segments of a data stream (e.g., per-hour models). Using two real-world data streams, we show that (i) per-hour LSTM models exhibit high accuracy after training with only 24 hours of data, (ii) the accuracy of LSTM models does not depend on the recency of the training data (i.e., no frequent (re)training is required), (iii) SARIMA models can have comparable or lower accuracy than LSTM models, and (iv) certain segments of the data streams are inherently more challenging to forecast than others. While the speciﬁc ﬁndings reported in this paper depend on the considered data streams and speciﬁed models, we argue that irrespective of the data streams at hand, a similar examination of training-related aspects is needed before deploying any statistical or machine learning model in practice.
Automated Alignment of Medieval Text Versions based on Word Embeddings

Medieval textuality is characterized by instability in text structure and length that varies according to the text tradition. This instability in the versions, otherwise known as “mouvance”, is characterized by dialectal difference, traces of orality, the modification of wording and even the rewriting and rearrangement of large parts of the text. To help humanities scholars in the exploratory analysis of such complex text collections, the visual analytic system iteal was initially proposed. The system aligns similar phrases on a line-level on the basis of string similarity and word n-grams. We propose an extension of this system that replaces the parameter-based approach with an automatic one using word embeddings thereby adding a semantic component. The benefit of the new visualization system is shown through a comparison of different versions of medieval French texts. Additionally, a domain-expert compared the parameter-based approach with the approach based on word embeddings to outline the similarities and differences in the alignments.
E-GOVERNMENT TRUST MODEL (EGOV-TRUST) THAT ENHANCES THE USAGE OF E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES AMONG USERS IN IRAQ

The widespread usage of ICTs has led to the inevitable evolution of services provided by the government to the emergence of e-government. The success of the e-government requires the usage of these electronic services by citizens. Several challenges have been identified that limit the usage of e-government. In this context, many researchers argued that trust is one of the most important determiners of the usage of e-government among users. An investigation of trust in relation to the use of e-government among users is still lacking, especially in Iraq. The purpose of this research proposal is to propose a research work that provides a nuanced understanding of the constructs of trust that influence the usage of e-government among users. For this purpose, the factors that contribute to trust analyzed using an integration of two theories UTAUT2 and TOE, the integration of UTAUT2 and TOE is known as I-TOE. This study adopted a survey method, in which questionnaires were analyzed from 694 respondents derived from a stratified random sampling method. Four main hypotheses have been tested and CB-SEM and PLS-SEM have been used for testing and validating the measurement and structure of the EGOV-TRUST model. The study found that there has been a positive relationship between the individual, technological, organizational, environmental dimensions of trust and these factors have positive effects on the use of e-government. It can be concluded that the EGOV-TRUST model has the potential to enhance the usage of e-government among its users. This research contributes to the knowledge of adopting e-government, focusing on deconstructing the element of trust that enhances the usage of e-government. The model can be used as guidelines for governments, especially the developing countries for enhancing the usage of e-government among users.
Direct Payments: Policy development across the UK (second draft)

Introduction Direct payments legislation across the UK was implemented in April 1997 in England, Wales and Scotland and a year later in Northern Ireland. The policy framework enabled local authorities and health and social service trusts to make cash payments to disabled people to purchase services on their own behalf rather than using those supplied and organised by the local authority. In order to qualify for a direct payment, an individual has to be assessed as requiring community care service. Access was initially restricted to persons between the ages of 18 and 65 (Department of Health, 1997/ National Assembly for Wales, 1997/Northern Ireland Order 1996 No. 1923/ Scottish Office, 1997), but has been increasingly extended to other groups. This paper details the initial policy development and outlines the key tensions and debates that have emerged through the legislative framework. Discussion includes an exploration of early campaigns by disability activists to secure change in their local areas and then moves to focus on amendments to the 1996 Act and findings from research studies. In doing this, commentary will focus both on broader themes and, where possible, those pertinent to each part of the UK.
Hippocampus nalu, a new species of pygmy seahorse from South Africa, and the first record of a pygmy seahorse from the Indian Ocean (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)

Abstract A new species and the first confirmed record of a true pygmy seahorse from Africa, Hippocampus nalusp. nov., is herein described on the basis of two specimens, 18.9–22 mm SL, collected from flat sandy coral reef at 14–17 meters depth from Sodwana Bay, South Africa. The new taxon shares morphological synapomorphies with the previously described central Indo-Pacific pygmy seahorses, H. colemani, H. japapigu, H. pontohi, and H. satomiae, and H. waleananus, including diminutive size, twelve trunk rings, prominent cleithral ring and supracleithrum, spines on the fifth and twelfth superior and lateral trunk ridges, respectively, and prominent wing-like protrusions present on the first and/or second superior trunk rings posterior to the head. Hippocampus nalusp. nov. is primarily distinguished from its pygmy seahorse congeners by highly distinct spine morphology along the anterior segments of the superior trunk ridge. Comparative molecular analysis reveals that the new species demonstrates significant genetic divergence in the mitochondrial COI gene from the morphologically similar H. japapigu and H. pontohi (estimated uncorrected p-distances of 16.3% and 15.2%, respectively). Hippocampus nalusp. nov. represents the eighth member of the pygmy seahorse clade to be described from the Indo-Pacific, the first confirmed record from the African continent and the Indian Ocean, and an extension of more than 8000 km beyond the previously known range of pygmy seahorses from the Central and Western Indo-Pacific.
The relative roles of domestication, rearing environment, prior residence and body size in deciding territorial contests between hatchery and wild juvenile salmon

Summary 1 Interactions between captive-reared and wild salmonids are frequent because hatcheries annually rear millions of fish for release in conservation programmes while many thousands of domesticated fish escape from fish farms. However, the outcome of competition between captive-reared and wild fish is not clear: wild fish may be smaller and less aggressive than hatchery fish, but they have more local experience and a prior residence advantage. Moreover, it is important to know whether any competitive differences are genetic (due to the process of domestication) or due to the rearing environment. 2 We therefore examined the factors influencing competition for feeding territories in juvenile Atlantic salmon. We studied the effect of domestication by using three independent stocks of both domesticated and wild-origin fish, all of which were reared in a common hatchery environment. We also used fish from the same wild stocks that had been living in the wild. Territorial contests were staged in stream tank compartments between pairs of fish differing in origin or rearing environment; the relative importance of body size and prior residence was also assessed. 3 All three stocks of domesticated fish were generally dominant over wild-origin fish when both had been raised in a common hatchery environment. If the wild-origin fish were given a 2-day period of prior residence on the territory this asymmetry in dominance was reversed. However, domesticated fish did not gain any additional advantage from being prior residents. The relative body size of the two contestants had a negligible effect on contest outcomes. 4 Truly wild fish (i.e. those of wild origin that had also grown up in the wild) were generally dominant over domesticated or wild-origin fish that had been hatchery-reared. Differences in body size between contestants had no effect on the outcome. 5 Synthesis and applications. These results show that, while juvenile farmed Atlantic salmon are inherently more aggressive than wild-origin fish, the hatchery environment reduces their ability to compete for territories with wild resident fish. Rearing salmon in conventional hatcheries for later release into the wild where natural populations already exist may not be a prudent conservation measure; it is preferable to plant eggs or first-feeding fry rather than attempt to ‘help’ the fish by rearing them through the early life stages.
Dynamic network Malmquist model based on green input-output table

For revealing the influence of intermediate transactions between industrial sectors to the dynamic performance, this paper develops a framework of dynamic performance with network structure measurement by establishing a dynamic network Malmquist productivity index (DNMPI) model following the dynamic network slacks-based measure (DNSBM) model. In order to explore the performance, we decompose the model to identify the dynamic efficiency (inter-temporal influence) and the network efficiency (sector interaction) based on green accounting. Furthermore, this paper analyzes Chinese dynamic performance with network structure influenced by energy-economy-environment (3E) in the view of industrial chain effect. We apply it to analyze the data of 40 industrial sectors in China from 2002, 2005 and 2007. Based on empirical results, we systematically indicate the influence of energy efficiency and environment efficiency to the economic development in China. Keyword: dynamic network Malmquist, DNSBM, rural bank, green accounting, energy-economy-environment
Determinants of technology use for a mobile health intervention across public health facilities in rural India: Protocol for implementation research

This paper presents a research protocol for implementation research (IR) to investigate contextual factors influencing the implementation of ASMAN mobile health intervention and their association with maternal, newborn, and child health outcomes. The IR will cover roughly 16-20 public health facilities across the states of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh in India. These facilities will be a sub-sample of 49 facilities covered separately under the outcome evaluation. The study employs a longitudinal mixed-methods multiple case study design with sequential data collection using constructs under the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) across two phases. The first phase will be exploratory and use qualitative inquiry to contextualize the CFIR constructs. The second phase will employ a mixed-methods explanatory design with both validated and contextualized CFIR constructs and standard quantitative measures collected through outcome evaluation. Findings from this study will provide insights into factors that facilitate or impede the implementation of mobile health interventions and their association with MNCH outcomes in public health facilities in India.
Immunohistochemical and In Situ Hybridization Techniques

Immunohistochemistry is the marriage of immunologic and histochemical techniques, allowing phenotypic markers to be detected and interpreted within a morphologic context. The birth of immunohistochemistry is attributable to Coons and colleagues, who, in 1941, introduced fluorescent-labeled antibodies. The development of enzyme-labeled antibodies that were reactive in fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, provided the basis for modern immunohistochemistry. Subsequent modifications of techniques, including the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and avidin-biotin-peroxidase method, as well as the development and commercial availability of a wide range of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, have combined to make immunohistochemistry an essential element of contemporary pathology practice. The most widespread use of immunohistochemistry in pathology is to supplement morphologic criteria in determining the appropriate classification of an ‘‘undifferentiated’’ neoplasm. For this type of application the immunohistochemistry results are used to aid in the differential diagnosis suggested by the clinical setting and histology of the lesion. In the detection of infectious agents or identification of physiologic substances in aberrant locations, immunohistochemical assays more directly determine the diagnosis. In other applications, such as the detection of prognostic markers including hormone receptors, oncogene products, or proliferation markers, immunohistochemistry is used as an analytical assay. The addition of analytical assays has served to alert the pathology community to the need for more stringent controls in all aspects of immunohistochemistry.
Identifying pathways for managing multiple disturbances to limit plant invasions

Summary Plant invasions are predicted to accelerate in a world with increased anthropogenic disturbance. Non-native species pre-adapted to these disturbances may especially be poised to invade novel communities. Conservation managers therefore need predictions of how to alter disturbances to maximize the persistence of native biodiversity. We tested a multivariate hypothesis about the causal mechanisms underlying plant invasions in an ephemeral wetland in South Island, New Zealand, to inform management of this biodiverse but globally imperilled habitat. Our approach details among the first applications in ecology of Bayesian structural equation modelling, demonstrating its potential to inform management by disentangling the relative importance of strongly intercorrelated processes. We found that invasion by non-native plants was lowest in sites where the physical disturbance caused by flooding was both intense and frequent. This effect was stronger than the positive response of non-native species to high soil N supply, which was positively related to flooding. Sites flooded over a 4-year period had greater reductions in invasion than those associated with floods in the year prior to plot measurement because non-native species lacked traits for long-term persistence beneath water. Grazer exclusion had a small positive effect on invasion, as non-native species were preferentially selected by the herbivores at our site. Our results show that only species adapted to the dominant disturbance regimes at a site may become successful invaders. Species native to ephemeral wetlands have specially evolved traits that allow them to persist and dominate in these sites. Synthesis and applications. Predictions of invasions in a world of multiple disturbances clearly need to consider whether the evolutionary history of non-native species predisposes them to invade novel communities. Maintaining hydrological and nutrient regimes of ephemeral wetlands will limit the number of introduced species that are pre-adapted to become invasive.