Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forecasting of Energy Consumption Based on Gaussian Mixture Model and Classification Techniques

The estimation of energy demand is not always straightforward or reliable, as one or several classes may fail in the prediction. In this study, a novel methodology of load forecasting is proposed. Three different configurations of Artificial Neural Networks perform a supervised classification of energy consumption data, each one providing an output vector of unreliable predicted data. Under the clustering method k-means, multiple patterns are identified, and then processed by the Gaussian Mixture Model in order to provide higher relevance to the more accurate predicted samples of data. The accuracy of the prediction is evaluated with the several error rate measurements. Finally, a mixture of the generated forecasts by the methods is performed, showing a lower error rate compared to the inputs predictions, therefore, a more reliable forecast. PALABRAS CLAVE: Demand Forecasting, Artificial Neural Networks, Gaussian Mixture Model, k-means, Support Vector Machine RESUMEN La estimación de demanda energética no siempre es sencilla o confiable, pues una o varias clases pueden fallar en la predicción. En este estudio, una nueva metodología de pronóstico de carga es propuesto. Tres diferentes configuraciones de Redes Neuronales Artificiales realizan una clasificación supervisada de datos de consumo de energía, cada una aportando un vector de salida de información de predicción poco confiable. Bajo el método de clustering K-Means, se identifican diferentes patrones, que son luego procesados por un Modelo de Mezcla Gaussiana, para proporcionar mayor relevancia a los datos predichos y acertados. La precisión de la predicción es evaluada con diferentes medidas de error. Finalmente, se realiza una mezcla de los pronósticos generados, mostrando una tasa de error más baja que las predicciones de entrada, y, por consiguiente, un pronóstico más confiable.
Effects of wheat stubble on runoff, infiltration, and erosion of farmland on the Loess Plateau, China, subjected to simulated rainfall

Abstract. Soil and water losses in agriculture are major environmental problems worldwide, especially on the Loess Plateau, China. Summer fallow management may help to control soil erosion and conserve water. This study investigated the effects of wheat stubble on runoff, infiltration, and soil loss in laboratory plots under simulated rainfall. The treatments comprised wheat stubble cover (WS) and traditional plowing (TP) in runoff plots (4.0 m × 1.0 m) with three slope gradients (5, 10, and 15°) under simulated rainfall at 80 mm h−1 for 1 h. The runoff volume from WS plots was significantly less than that from TP. The runoff reduction with WS ranged from 91.92 to 92.83 % compared with TP. The runoff rates varied with the runoff volume in the same manner. The infiltration amount was higher with WS (94.8–96.2 % of rainwater infiltrated) than TP (35.4–57.1 %). The sediment concentration was significantly lower with WS than TP. Compared with TP (304.31–731.23 g m−2), the sediment losses were reduced dramatically in WS (2.41–3.78 g m−2) and the sediment loss slightly increased with slope; however, it was greatly increased as slope increased in TP. These results revealed that the stubble cover was the main factor reducing runoff and sediment losses and improving infiltration and that stubble showed a great potential to control erosion and conserve soil and water resources during the summer fallow period in the Loess Plateau region.
Effects of gradual weight loss on anaerobic capacity and muscle strength in elite taekwondo ITF athletes

Background & Study Aim: Intentional reduction of body weight is a well-known and common practice among athletes, especially in weight category sports. The aim of this study was the effects of a 6-week gradual weight loss (GWL) program on anaerobic capacity, body composition and muscle strength of taekwondo athletes. Material & Methods: The study included 9 men and 9 women practicing taekwondo ITF athletes (proficiency second dan). The following indicators were determined during the anaerobic capacity test: maximum power Pmax (W; W · kg−1), time to maximum power tPmax (s), time of maintenance power tmP (s), total work Wtot (J · kg−1) and fatigue index % FI. The list of determined body composition indicators included: relative content of fatty tissue (%FAT), lean body mass (LBM) and total body water (TBW). Moreover, we calculated body mass index BMI (kg · m−2) of the athletes. Concentration of lactate was determined in the arterialized blood from the finger pulp, obtained immediately prior to the warm-up and proper Wingate test, as well as 3 minutes post-exercise. Blood lactate concentration (La) was determined enzymatically using a LP400 Photometer (Dr Lange, Germany). Results: After GWL, both men and women showed a significant decrease in body weight (p<0.05). Also the relative content of fatty tissue (% FAT) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in both men and women, by 2.99% and 1.69% on average, respectively. GWL resulted in changes in the analyzed indicators of anaerobic capacity. Maximum power (W) decreased significantly (p<0.05), by 82.10 and 11.78 in men and women, respectively. Following the GWL program, both women and men presented with significantly lower values of the peak torque and average power in dominant limbs tested at both angular velocities. However, the decrease in these indicators did not correlated significantly with maximum power determined during a Wingate test. Conclusions: The GWL programs may exert beneficial effects as a method of weight control in taekwondo athletes if followed by an individualized control of training effects. Changes in body weight and composition, including a decrease in BMI, did not alter significantly the indices of anaerobic capacity.
Ingredient Classification According to the Digestible Amino Acid Profile: An Exploratory Analysis

This study aimed: 1) to classify ingredients according to the digestible amino acid (AA) profile; 2) to determine ingredients with AA profile closer to the ideal for broiler chickens; and 3) to compare digestible AA profiles from simulated diets with the ideal protein profile. The digestible AA levels of 30 ingredients were compiled from the literature and presented as percentages of lysine according to the ideal protein concept. Cluster and principal component analyses (exploratory analyses) were used to compose and describe groups of ingredients according to AA profiles. Four ingredient groups were identified by cluster analysis, and the classification of the ingredients within each of these groups was obtained from a†principal component analysis, showing†11 classes of ingredients with similar digestible AA profiles. The ingredients with AA profiles closer to the ideal protein were meat and bone meal 45, fish meal 60 and wheat germ meal, all of them constituting Class 1; the ingredients from the other classes gradually diverged from the ideal protein. Soybean meal, which is the main protein source for poultry, showed good AA balance since it was included in Class 3. On the contrary, corn, which is the main energy source in poultry diets, was classified in Class 8. Dietary AA profiles were improved when corn and/ or soybean meal were partially or totally replaced in the simulations by ingredients with better AA balance.
Approach to estimating the maximum depth for glacially induced hydraulic jacking in fractured crystalline rock at Forsmark, Sweden

Hydraulic jacking is a significant dilation of a fracture that occurs when the pore pressure within it exceeds the sum of the fracture's normal stress and tensile strength. This phenomenon may occur during a glacial period because of changes in hydraulic and mechanical boundary conditions. Since hydraulic jacking may alter flow patterns and the transport capacity of the rock mass, its possible effects on the long‐term performance of a nuclear waste repository should be considered. We develop an approach to assess glacially induced hydraulic jacking in fractured crystalline rock and establish bounding estimates of the maximum jacking depth for the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company's (SKB) repository site at Forsmark. The pore pressure is estimated using mechanically uncoupled two‐dimensional poroelastic continuum models with hydraulic and mechanical conditions based on SKB's reconstruction of the Weichselian glaciation at this site (120–0 ka B.P.). For warm‐based conditions, the water pressure at the ice/bed interface is set at 98% of the mechanical load, whereas for glacial conditions with extensive proglacial permafrost, the corresponding water pressure is set at a (lower) annual average value. We demonstrate that the pore pressure within the uppermost kilometer of rock is mainly governed by the water pressure at the ice/bed interface and that the mechanical impact of the ice load on the pore pressure is sufficiently small to be ignored. Given the current and estimated future stress conditions at Forsmark, hydraulic jacking is mainly of concern for subhorizontal fractures, i.e., it is sufficient to consider situations when the pore pressure exceeds the vertical stress. We conclude that hydraulic jacking at Forsmark will be confined to the uppermost 200 m of the rock mass.
Sex Ratios of the White-tailed Antelope Ground Squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus), Indian Wells Valley, San Bernardino County, California

Abstract We studied the white-tailed antelope ground squirrel during spring and summer 2006 to determine young-of-the-year and adult sex ratios in the Indian Wells Valley, San Bernardino County, California. We calculated a young-of-the-year sex ratio of 1.45:1 (female to male), whereas the adult sex ratio was approximately 1:1. Our young-of-the-year sex ratio was greater than the 1.1:1 (female to male) natal sex ratio previously reported. Differences between young-of-the-year and adult sex ratios may represent low female young-of-the-year survivorship in the Indian Wells Valley.
Eigenmosaic: Reconstruction of Images Using PCA Based Mosaic Method

In this article we have introduced new techniques for generating compound images, or mosaics, which include reconstruction of main images using homomorphous square patches. These patches are extracted from another image called Key Image and are sorted next to each other in order to produce the image. To perform that, criterions like color level average, variance and histograms are used due to their important role in describing the facade of an image. PCA is a valuable statistical method in pattern recognition among the data; that can be used an images as well. These methods basically help us separate and analyze image parameters. PCA implementation results will be used as filters for the main image leading to extraction of constructor lines and different parts of image construction texture. These extracted parameters from the main and key image can be a local or global reference to select parts in order to produce the mosaic. The results of experiments has been shown that our method base on PCA is better than other methods.
AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF ARACHIS PINTOI (KRAP. AND GREG.) GERMPLASM IN FLORIDA

Arachis pintoi germplasm displayed great variability with respect to adaptation, dry matter yield, nutritive value, seed production, and nematode reaction. Average forage dry matter yield (FDMY) during the year 2003 was 4.35 Mg/ ha, and ranged from zero to 9.10 Mg/ha. Crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were high and confirmed the fact that A. pintoi has excellent nutritive value. Average CP was 180 g/kg of DM and ranged from 130 to 220 g/kg of DM. IVOMD averaged 670 g/kg of DM and ranged from 600 to 730 g/kg of DM. Some accessions produced high seed yields reaching values above 1 Mg/ha, 18 and 30 months after sowing. The average seed production was 0.32 Mg/ha in 2003, and 0.43 Mg/ha in 2004. Overall, accessions PI 604817, 497574, 604815, 604810, 604808, and 604857 were the best adapted to the north central Florida environment and with the best agronomic characteristics. This research strength that general conclusions about the adaptation and agronomic value of a species to a particular environment should not be based on a single or a few germplasm lines.
A Longitudinal Study of Area-Level Deprivation in Ireland, 1991–2011

The diffusion of deprivation indices and their application in a wide variety of contexts raises a number of conceptual and methodological issues, particularly in relation to the analysis of change over time. We seek to address these issues by developing an aggregate-level theoretical approach which can guide the construction of a statistical model for enumeration districts in Ireland using five waves of census data (1991, 1996, 2002, 2006, 2011). We use a powerful and flexible family of statistical models—multiple-group mean and covariance structural equation modelling—to obtain comparable estimates of affluence and deprivation for each wave of data. The scores for the three component dimensions—referred to as demographic vitality, social class composition, and labour market situation—are mapped using GIS techniques, together with an overall measure of affluence and deprivation. Using the maps and other results we provide an original discussion of the sociospatial impacts of the economic boom in Ireland between 1996 and 2006, and the subsequent downturn. We highlight the importance of population flows and housing-market dynamics in understanding the nature of each phase and when evaluating the sustainability of economic growth.
Isolate and Characterise Brush Border Membrane Vesicles and Basolateral Membrane Vesicles from Equine Small Intestine

Miran A. Al-Rammahi Membrane vesicles were isolated from the brush border membrane and basolateral membrane domains of equine enterocytes. In order to show that the isolated membrane vesicles derive either from the brush border or basolateral membranes and are pure, they were examined for the enrichment, dysenrichment of abundance, activity of specific marker proteins and enzymes characteristic of the brush border, basolateral and organelle membranes. Villin is a reliable marker of the intestinal brush border membrane. The result showed that there is a single immuno-reactive band for villin at 92.5 kilo Daltons in all 3 regions of the equine small intestine. This band is enriched in membrane vesicles over the homogenates and confirms that the membrane vesicles isolated do originate from the brush border membrane. The enrichment of alkaline phosphatase enzyme specific activity was increased (~ 6 to 11-fold) in BBMV over homogenates, further confirming that the vesicles were of brush border membrane origin. Na + /K +
WIDE-ANGLE REFLECTION WAVE POLARIZERS USING INHOMOGENEOUS PLANAR LAYERS

In this paper, inhomogeneous planar layers are optimally designed as re∞ection wave polarizers in a desired incidence angles range. First, the electric permittivity function of the structure is expanded in a truncated Fourier series. Then, the optimum values of the coe-cients of the series are obtained through an optimization approach. The validation and the performance of the proposed structure are verifled using some examples.
Assessment of chemical transformation modules for secondary inorganic aerosol formation in CALPUFF model

Air quality impact assessment is usually carried o ut with the application of simplified stationary dispersion models, which omit the chemical transfor mation process of air pollutants. Omission of this effect in the calculation process increases the uncertainty of th e obtained results, and hinders the decision making process, related to air quality management. The paper presen ts a comparison of atmospheric dispersion modeling related to pollutants emitted from high industrial emitters, p erformed with and without consideration of various chemical transformation modules pertaining to the formation of inorganic aerosols, available in the CALMET/CALP UFF modeling system. A mechanism of inorganic aerosol f ormation in a liquid phase, considered in the ISORROPIA/RIVAD+AQUA module was observed to exert s t ong influence on calculation results referring to concentration levels of some air contaminants. The following was found out: more than a double decreas e of the annual average concentration of SO 2, and even more significant increase (from 7 to 10 times) of the annual average concentration of PM10 (as a sum of primary and secondary particles) in comparison to other con sidered chemical transformation modules (MESOPUFF, RIVAD/AR M3, ISORROPIA/RIVAD), and a variant with a chemical transformation module switched off (with out taking into account the secondary inorganic aer osol formation).
MicroRNA Targeting in Heart: A Theoretical Analysis

Cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality; according to statistics, heart failure, the syndrome consequential to many diseases of the cardiovascular system, is estimated to have a prevalence of 1–2% and an annual incidence of 5–10 per 1,000 in the developed countries and is the leading cause of hospitalization in the population over 50 years of age. Worse so, there is a clear tendency of increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease in this planet particularly in the developing nations. This problem casts enormous health concern and costly socioeconomic burden worldwide. We have entered post-genome era after the human genome project had been completed years ago. Only 850 human miRNAs. These miRNAs are predicted to regulates >60% of protein–coding genes. The discovery of miRNA challenges the central dogma of molecular biology that has be hold since the latter half of the 20th century. With the recent rapid evolution of miRNA research, researchers have begun to appreciate the roles of these small non-protein-coding mRNAs in the cardiovascular system. Based on the published studies, it is now clear that miRNAs are involved in nearly all aspects of cardiac function and pathogenesis (Wang, 2010; Wang et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2008).
Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in an Atlantic forest fragment

The objective of this study was to evaluate benthic macroinvertebrate communities as bioindicators of water quality in five streams located in the "Reserva Particular do Patrimonio Natural" (RPPN) Mata Samuel de Paula and its surroundings, in the municipality of Nova Lima near the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. This region has been strongly modified by human activities including mining and urbanization. Samples were collected in the field every three months between August 2004 and November 2005, totaling six samplings in the rainy and dry seasons. This assessment identified one area ecologically altered while the other sampling sites were found to be minimally disturbed systems, with well-preserved ecological conditions. However, according to the Biological Monitoring Work Party (BMWP) and the Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) indices, all sampling sites had excellent water quality. A total of 14,952 organisms was collected, belonging to 155 taxa (148 Insecta, two Annelida, one Bivalvia, one Decapoda, one Planariidae, one Hydracarina, and one Entognatha). The most abundant benthic groups were Chironomidae (47.9%), Simuliidae (12.3%), Bivalvia (7.5%), Decapoda (6.1%), Oligochaeta (5.2%), Polycentropodidae (3.7%), Hydropsychidae (2.5%), Calamoceratidae (1.8%), Ceratopogonidae (1.7%), and Libellulidae (1.2%). The assessment of the benthic functional feeding groups showed that 34% of the macroinvertebrates were collector-gatherers, 29% predators, 24% collector-filterers, 8% shredders, and 5% scrapers. The RPPN Mata Samuel de Paula comprises diversified freshwater habitats that are of great importance for the conservation of many benthic taxa that are intolerant to organic pollution.
Developing a Measure of Virtual Community Citizenship Behavior

This study examines the kinds of behaviors that constitute virtual community citizenship behaviors (VCCB) and tests three factors that may influence community members’ willingness to engage in VCCB. More specifically, the authors propose a multi-dimensional VCCB construct (altruism, civic virtue, consciousness, courtesy, and sportsmanship) and three antecedents of VCCB (affective commitment, structural embeddedness and membership tenure). Four dimensions including altruism, civic virtue, courtesy and loyalty emerged as a result of behavioral examples collection from SMEs using critical incident technique and a VCCB survey with 19 Likert type items reflecting the behavioral examples within each dimension was created. Data was collected from an online discussion forum (The Grad Cafe) to address the research questions of this study. Results indicate that affective commitment was a significant predictor of the virtual community citizenship behaviors. A research agenda for studying VCCB is presented. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel. 2011.03. 044
Radiatively driven convection in an ice‐covered lake investigated by using temperature microstructure technique

[1] Convection in an ice-covered lake, driven by the absorption of solar radiation, is investigated by means of temperature microstructure technique. This type of convection typically occurs in spring, when melting snow on the ice cover enables solar radiation to penetrate into the water body. The diurnal dynamics of the stratification system of five distinct layers is analyzed by means of consecutive CTD profiles and with the aid of a one-dimensional model. The model solves the transfer equation of heat and salinity and includes convective procedures to react on density instabilities. This study is focused on the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) balance. The stratification analysis reveals the importance of several processes for the TKE balance, namely: (1) the entrainment into the top layer from the convective layer below, (2) the inflow of water from melted ice, and (3) the volumetric solar heating. Enabled by the analysis of the temperature microstructure profiles, two TKE budgets are presented. The temporally averaged budget reveals a vertical distribution of generation and dissipation rate similar to the case of cooling-induced convection in a surface boundary layer. But contrary to this reference regime, a transition layer was found in the upper convective layer, where both rates drop back to zero toward the layer above. The second TKE budget is spatially averaged over the convective layer but resolves the diurnal dynamics. The generation rate and dissipation rate feature similar diurnal dynamics, where the dissipation lags on average by 1.5 hours. The temporal change rate of TKE was found to be on the same order of magnitude as the generation rate and the dissipation rate, while the export rate of TKE out of the convective layer was found to be less significant.
Types and influential factors of consumers' non‐purchasing ecological behaviors

This article presents an examination of non-purchasing ecological behaviors and their influential factors. The results indicate that consumers who engage in recycling, pro-environmental post-purchasing behavior and pro-environmental activities are highly educated people. Among them, those who are mostly involved in recycling and the non-energetic, rather traditional, activities are mostly influenced by their positive attitudes towards recycling, as well as by their social responsibility. Those who adopt more energetic, more active, behaviors are mostly influenced by their beliefs that they hold power over politicians and politics. It was also found that those who are engaged in one type of non-purchasing pro-environmental behavior are more likely to engage in another type as well. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.