Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roads and Intersections Extraction from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery Based on Tensor Voting under Big Data Environment

Currently, big data is a new and hot object of research. In particular, the development of the Internet of things (IoT) results in a sharp increase in data. Enormous amounts of networking sensors are constantly collecting and transmitting data for storage and processing in the cloud including remote sensing data, environmental data, geographical data, etc. Road information extraction from remote sensing data is mainly researched in this paper. Roads are typical man-made objects. Extracting roads from remote sensing imagery has great significance in various applications such as GIS data updating, urban planning, navigation, and military. In this paper a multistage and multifeature method to extract roads and detect road intersections from high-resolution remotely sensed imagery based on tensor voting is presented. Firstly, the input remote sensing image is segmented into two groups including road candidate regions and nonroad regions using template matching; then we can obtain preliminary road map. Secondly, nonroad regions are removed by geometric characteristics of road (large area and long strip). Thirdly, tensor voting is used to overcome the broken roads and discontinuities caused by the different disturbing factors and then delete the nonroad areas that are mixed into the road areas due to mis-segmentation, improving the completeness of extracted roads. And then, all the road intersections are extracted by using tensor voting. The experiments are conducted on different remote sensing images to test the effectiveness of our method. The experimental results show that our method can get more complete and accurate extracted results than the state-of-the-art methods.
Numerical investigation of split flows by gravity currents into two‐layered stratified water bodies

The behavior of a two-dimensional (2-D) gravity current impinging upon a density step in a two-layered stratified basin is analyzed using a high-resolution Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes model. The gravity current splits at the density step, and the portion of the buoyancy flux becoming an interflow is largely controlled by the vertical distribution of velocity and density within the gravity current and the magnitude of the density step between the two ambient layers. This is in agreement with recent laboratory observations. The strongest changes in the ambient density profiles occur as a result of the impingement of supercritical currents with strong density contrasts, for which a large portion of the gravity current detaches from the bottom and becomes an interflow. We characterize the current partition process in the simulated experiments using the densimetric Froude number of the current (Fr) across the density step (upstream and downstream). When underflows are formed, more supercritical currents are observed downstream of the density step compared to upstream (Fru Frd), which indicates lower mixing between the current and ambient water after the impingement due to the significant stripping of interfacial material at the density step.
Chat-like Spoken Dialog System for a Multi-party Dialog Incorporating Two Agents and a User

Almost all current spoken dialog systems have treated dialog that one user talks with one agent. In this paper, to achieve the multi-party conversation (polylogue, many users/agents participate conversation), the number of system agents is increased. Three person’s conversation system that treats two agents was developed. This system is extended from the spoken dialog system of two people’s conversations that we have developed so far. The response timing to the user and respond type are controlled by using a decision tree. The system also reacts robustly to the user’s disfluencies. The dialog tasks is “Which do you prefer, Japanese noodle (udon) or Chinese noodle (ramen) ? ”. We compared the three person’s dialog system to the two person’s system. According to the results of the experiments, the three person dialog system performed better in terms of lively conversation, and the user can talk to the agents more like chatting.
Bug Localization on Single-Line Bugs of Apache Commons Math Library

Abstract—Software bug localization is one of the most costly tasks in program repair technique. Therefore, there is a high claim for automated bug localization techniques that can monitor programmers to the locations of bugs, with slight human arbitration. Spectrumbased bug localization aims to help software developers to discover bugs rapidly by investigating abstractions of the program traces to make a ranking list of most possible buggy modules. Using the Apache Commons Math library project, we study the diagnostic accuracy using our spectrum-based bug localization metric. Our outcomes show that the greater performance of a specific similarity coefficient, used to inspect the program spectra, is mostly effective on localizing of single line bugs.
Constructing continuity across the organisational culture boundary in a highly virtual work environment

While remote work allows organisations to offer their employees flexibility and harness global talent and markets for business growth, inability to rely on physical interactions between employees imposes challenges specific to operations in highly virtual work environments. Among these characteristic issues are challenges associated with organisational socialisation and organisational culture. Accordingly, an action design research project was carried out for building a socialisation substitute (an information artefact in the form of a digital organisational culture handbook) to support synthesis of symbolic and pragmatic components of organisational culture at case company Smartly.io, a highly virtual organisation experiencing rapid growth. The paper contributes to the literature on socialisation and organisational culture by demonstrating one approach to designing a surrogate for socialisation that acts as a conduit between the symbolic aspects of organisational culture (such as values) and the pragmatic ones (such as toolkits). The work contributes to organisational discontinuity theory also, via theory‐generating descriptive analysis of the process of building continuity across the organisational culture boundary through creation of an information artefact. The resulting artefact was found to deliver practical utility to the case company and encapsulate generalisable design principles for this building process.
Evaluation of Antianxiety Activity of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Albino Mice

Anxiety is one of the most common conditions present globally adding to economic burden along with health concern. It is most common existing condition along with other psychiatric illness as well as co morbid conditions like hypertension. Recently the role of angiotensin is gaining importance in the field of research as it modulates various brain physiologies. Hence the present study was planned to evaluate the antianxiety activity of Losartan 5mg/kg, Losartan10mg/kg, Olmesartan5mg/kg, Olmesartan10mg/kg, Telmisartan5mg/kg and Telmisartan10mg/kg in comparison with control and Diazepam0.5mg/kg. Anti-anxiety activity was evaluated using Elevated plus maze and Social interaction test in mice. Administration of Losartan10mg/kg (p<0.01), Olmesartan10mg/kg (p<0.01) and Telmisartan at both the doses (p<0.001) increased the time spent in open arms when compared to control in Elevated plus maze test and in ocial interaction, Losartan, Olmesartan and Telmisartan, at both 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg significantly increased the time spent in social interaction (p<0.00). Finally, it can conclude that the Angiotensin receptor blockers like Losartan, Olmesartan and Telmisartan have got significant antianxiety property in both lower and higher doses.
Ocean release of fossil fuel CO2: A case study

The natural ocean uptake of the greenhouse gas CO2 can be accelerated by collecting and liquefying the gas from point sources, and by pumping it into the ocean at appropriate locations and at sufficient depths. Results from a numerical modelling system indicate that injection sites located at about 1,000 m depth in the eastern Norwegian Sea lead to efficient and long term sequestration in the abyss Atlantic. For a release rate corresponding to the CO2 emissions from a 220 MW gas power plant, it is found that the volume of the near‐source water with a pH‐reduction ≥0.1 is ∼0.5 km³. These findings, together with available technology and feasible economics, indicate that the Norwegian Sea represents a possible location for large scale demonstration of operational ocean release of CO2.
THE LANDSCAPE OF COMPLEX NETWORKS – CRITICAL NODES AND A HIERARCHICAL DECOMPOSITION

Networks have recently emerged as a general tool for data representation in various ﬁelds. In the analysis of conformation transition networks in biomolecular dynamics (protein, RNA etc.), it is important to discover major transition bottlenecks which provides clues for drug design. Similarly in the analysis of social networks, it is helpful to identify nodes which act as bridges connecting diﬀerent communities. Although there have been extensive studies on the community structure of networks, much less has been done about the connection between the communities. Inspired by the classical Morse theory, we introduce a new notion, critical nodes of functions on networks, based on the gradient ﬂow of these functions. Critical nodes of diﬀerent indices, together with their attraction basins, lead to a hierarchical decomposition of networks. This enables us to deﬁne a concise topological landscape of functions on networks. The usefulness of this new concept is illustrated by three examples: two social networks and one protein-ligand binding network. For the social networks, the index-0 critical nodes together with their attraction basins represent the diﬀerent communities on the network; the index-1 and higher critical nodes play the role of bridges or hubs connecting the diﬀerent communities. For the protein binding network, the index-0 critical nodes together with their basins explain the major metastable bound and misbound macrostates, while the index-1 and higher critical nodes represent the bottleneck between the misbound to the bound states. Computation of such critical nodes can be performed by a polynomial time algorithm based on recent developments in computational topology. In the non-degenerate case an almost linear time algorithm exists which is scalable for large scale network analysis.
Object Discovery via Layer Disposal by Deniz Oktay

A key limitation of semantic image segmentation approaches is that they require large amounts of densely labeled training data. In this thesis, we introduce a method to learn to segment images with unlabeled data. The intuition behind the approach is that removing objects from images will yield natural images, however removing random patches will yield unnatural images. We capitalize on this signal to develop an auto-encoder that decomposes an image into layers, and when all layers are combined, it reconstructs the input image. However, when a layer is removed, the model learns to produce a different image that still looks natural to an adversary, which is possible by removing objects. Experiments and visualizations suggest that this model automatically learns to segment objects in images better than baselines. Some parts of this thesis represent joint work with Dr. Carl Vondrick and Professor Antonio Torralba. Thesis Supervisor: Antonio Torralba Title: Professor
Thermal comfort study for classroom in urban and rural schools in Selangor

Optimum comfort factors help in enhancing effective learning process in a classroom. The aim of this research is to study thermal comfort in school classroom for a more desirable learning process. Four schools consist of urban and rural schools in Selangor were selected for this study. Field measurement and questionnaires was used to measure the level of comfort and satisfaction of school teacher and student in classroom. Data was collected using Temperature data-loggers (SD500 Humidity/Temperature Data logger). The questionnaire was analysed based on Likert’s scale rating. Result from both on-field measurement and questionnaire survey suggests that thermal comfort have greater importance to focus. All the schools tested higher temperature than the recommended value. This study also outlines several improvement suggestions actions for better comfort level such as better air ventilation system and smaller class size
Aminopyralid Constrains Seed Production of the Invasive Annual Grasses Medusahead and Ventenata

Abstract Invasive annual grasses, such as medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae [L.] Nevski), ventenata (Ventenata dubia [Leers] Coss.), downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), and Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr.), are negatively impacting millions of hectares of US rangelands. Amino acid synthesis inhibitor and photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides are sometimes used to control invasive annual grasses. Conversely, growth regulator herbicides are generally considered ineffective against invasive annual grasses. However, in a recent study of pre-emergence herbicide applications, the growth regulator aminopyralid appreciably reduced medusahead cover, primarily by killing emerging medusahead plants. Additionally, in recent studies of postemergence herbicide applications, we found the growth regulators aminopyralid, dicamba, and picloram drastically reduced downy brome and Japanese brome seed production. In these postemergence studies, growth regulators sterilized the plants without otherwise greatly affecting them. The purpose of this greenhouse study was to extend our growth regulator/plant sterility research from downy brome and Japanese brome to medusahead and ventenata. Each tested aminopyralid rate and application growth stage (late seedling, internode elongation, heading) reduced medusahead seed production to nearly zero. Picloram also reduced medusahead seed production, but not quite as consistently as aminopyralid. With ventenata, aminopyralid applied at the seedling stage reduced seed production ∼ 95–99%. Beyond the seedling stage, however, ventenata responses to aminopyralid were highly variable. Picloram had low activity against ventenata seed production. These results contribute to a growing body of evidence suggesting it may be possible to use growth regulators to control invasive annual grasses by depleting their short-lived seedbanks.
CHANNEL EVOLUTION IN MODIFIED ALLUVIAL STREAMS.

Modification of alluvial channels in western Tennessee has created increased energy conditions along main stems and tributaries and initiated longitudinal channel adjustment. Changes in bed level are functions of the magnitude and extent of the imposed disturbance and the location of the adjusting reach in the fluvial network. Streambed degradation is described by simple power equations. Computed exponents define the magnitude of downcutting with time and decrease nonlinearly with distance upstream from the area of maximum disturbance (AMD). Aggradation begins immediately in reaches downstream of the AMD and in upstream reaches after overadjustment by the degradation process. Aggradation rates increase linearly with distance downstream from the AMD and can be estimated from local degradation rates. Channel widening by mass wasting follows degradation and continues through aggradational phases. Piping in the loess-derived bank materials enhances bank failure rates by internally destabilizing the bank. Development of the bank profile is defined in terms of three dynamic and observable surfaces: (a) vertical face (70 to 90 degrees), (b) upper bank (25 to 50 degrees), and (c) slough line (20 to 25 degrees). The slough line develops through additional flattening by low-angle slides and fluvial reworking and is the initial site at which riparian vegetation and stable bank conditions are reestablished. A six-step, semiquantitative model of channel evolution in disturbed channels was developed by quantifying bed level trends and recognizing qualitative stages of bank slope development.
Residual Stresses in As-Welded Joints: Finite Element Modeling and Neutron Difraction Stress Measurements

This paper describes the numerical analysis method used to estimate welding induced residual stresses in K-shape tubular bridge joints. The knowledge of residual stress distribution is required to design the geometry of K-joints loaded under fatigue stresses. Numerical simulations are focused on the arc welding MAG process, generally used to weld joints in bridge construction. Thermo-mechanical analyses are performed in 3D using two finite element codes:ABAQUS® and MORFEO® . ABAQUS has the advantage to offer large analysis capabilities(nonlinear, transient, dynamic, etc.) whereas MORFEO is more dedicated to welding processes and offers the possibility to analyze crack propagation under fatigue loads. Computed residual stresses in the region surrounding the weld are compared with measured residual stresses in order to estimate the ability of the codes to reproduce these stresses. Position, orientation and magnitude of the highest residual stress components are discussed.
Inoculant production of Pisolithus sp. in submerged culture under agitation

Ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculation can increase the sustainability of planted forests hence the inoculant production should be optimized. The objective of this study was to determine the agitation speed and time of growth for maximum production of mycelium of D216 isolate of Pisolithus sp. The treatments were established by factorial 6x3, being six agitation conditions and three different times (days) of growth. The kinds of agitation used were: Without agitation, gentle manual agitation every two days and orbital agitation speed of 50, 100, 200 and 250 rpm. The times of growth were 14, 21 and 28 days. The mycelium mass was generally single and remained on the surface of the culture medium when grown without agitation or with manual agitation. Spherical mass units formed under agitation and grew submerged. The dry mass production of mycelium of D216 isolate was higher when grown under agitation of 200 rpm, followed by 250 and 100 rpm. For all agitation system, the production of mycelium did not increase after 14 days. The maximum production of mycelium dry mass of D216 isolate of Pisolithus sp. was obtained in the agitation speed of 200 rpm for 14 days. The elevation of the agitation to 250 rpm decreased the mycelium dry mass production of Pisolithus sp. In the absence or in lower agitation speeds, the mycelium dry mass was minimal. Using the ideal speed for maximum mycelium production and adjusting other growing conditions can decrease the risk of contamination, the production time and cost of the inoculant and encourage the use of this biotechnology. Key words: Ectomycorrhizal fungi, inoculation, mycorrhiza, planted forests.
Glaucoma Association of Gene Polymorphisms With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

RESULTS. This meta-analysis included 108 case control studies involving 35,389 POAG patients and 51,742 controls. The pooled results showed a significant association between 20 SNPs in 12 genes (148Asp/Glu in APE1 gene; rs449647 in APOE gene; rs1052990 and rs4236601 in CAV1/CAV2 gene; rs1799750 in MMP gene; c.603T3A (Met98Lys) in OPTN gene; rs7081455 in PLXDC2 gene; rs1279683 in SLC23A2 gene; 372 T/C in TIMP1 gene; rs1927911, rs2149356, rs4986791, rs7037117, and rs10759930 in TLR4 gene; rs4656461 in TMCO1 gene; 399Arg/Gln in XRCC1 gene; and rs540782, rs547984, and rs693421 in ZP4 gene) with POAG.
Structured Speaker Variability in Spontaneous Japanese Stop Contrast Production

Studies of speaker variability in the realisation of stop voicing contrasts have demonstrated that differences across speakers are highly structured both within and across phonetic categories. These studies have focused on languages with similar voicing systems in scripted speech; it remains unclear how stop realisation varies in spontaneous speech more generally. This study examines speaker variability in two acoustic cues to stop voicing–Voice Onset Time and Voicing During Closure–in a corpus of spontaneous Japanese, a language undergoing change in its voicing contrast. Whilst speakers vary in both measures, this variability is highly structured: speakers with less aspirated stops are more likely to initiate voicing during the closure. However, no corresponding relationship is observed between how the two cues are used to mark the contrast. These findings extend previous work to demonstrate the structure of speaker variability in spontaneous speech.
VARIABLE SELECTION AND ESTIMATION IN MULTIVARIATE FUNCTIONAL LINEAR REGRESSION VIA THE LASSO

In more and more applications, a quantity of interest may depend on several covariates, with at least one of them infinite-dimensional (e.g. a curve). To select relevant covariate in this context, we propose an adaptation of the Lasso method. The criterion is based on classical Lasso inference under group sparsity (Yuan and Lin, 2006; Lounici et al., 2011). We give properties of the solution in our infinite-dimensional context. A sparsity-oracle inequality is shown and we propose a coordinate-wise descent algorithm, inspired by the glmnet algorithm (Friedman et al., 2007). A numerical study on simulated and experimental datasets illustrates the behavior of the method.
HybridVec : Hybrid Distributional and Definitional Word Vectors

Word vectors are typically computed by implementing distributional statistics, but these word vectors cannot represent unknown words. The ability to integrate word definitions with distributional statistics to create hybrid word vectors has the potential to improve performance on out-of-vocabulary tasks. A baseline bag-ofwords and sequence-to-sequence auto-encoder were first iterated upon to obtain definitional word vectors that capture complementary information to distributional word vectors. Use of a sentence variational auto-encoder to compute word embeddings was also explored. Preliminary results suggest that a combination of distributional vectors (GloVE embeddings) and definitional word vectors produced from an autoencoder provide an improvement for Neural Machine Translation and warrants further testing.
Depletion Influences Restraint, But Does It Influence Conflict Identification? Expanding on Osgood and Muraven (2015)

In their 2015 article, Osgood and Muraven showed that cognitive depletion reduces prosocial behaviors but not prosocial attitudes. We expand on the authors’ interpretation by relating their results to recent theorizing on the relationship between prosocial behavior and self-control. This framework distinguishes between the proclivity to identify self-control conflict and the capacity to exercise restraint. Osgood and Muraven's findings can be interpreted as evidence that cognitive depletion in social contexts fails to influence a necessary condition for identifying self-control conflict. However, the results do not yet allow us to conclude that depletion influences capacity to exercise restraint. Further work is needed to understand the mechanisms by which cognitive depletion influences prosocial behavior.