Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Model and Control of AC–DC–AC Voltage-Sourced Converter System for Distributed Resources

This paper introduces a dynamic model of the ac-dc-ac voltage-sourced converter (VSC) system which provides a linear relationship between the input and output variables. The model is developed in two steps. First, the exact abc frame switched model of a VSC is transformed to a switching reference frame (SRF). Then, the SRF model is transformed to an appropriate dq0 reference frame. The fundamental-frequency dynamic model of the VSC is deduced from the dq0 model and provides a set of single-input single-output controls for the VSC system. The fundamental-frequency steady-state model of the VSC system is deduced from the dynamic model and provides a closed-form solution to the VSC system. The developed models are used to design controllers and define steady-state settings, e.g., modulation indices, for electronically-coupled distributed resources. The developed models are applied to a test system and the results are validated based on time-domain simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment
An immune-algorithm-based dead-time elimination PWM control strategy in a single-phase inverter

In this paper, an immune algorithm is developed for optimization of the harmonic performance of a single-phase inverter under a novel dead-time elimination PWM control strategy. The proposed scheme is based on the division of reference current and constraining switching states, and executes the conventional dead-time elimination in most of the reference current fundamental period but switches to the novel dead-time elimination around the zero crossing point. Meanwhile, the presented algorithm employs the immune approach as the search method for finding the best optimal control sequence to minimize the objective function (OB) of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output voltage waveforms. Additionally, an experimental platform based on DSP and FPGA is built. The simulation and experimental results verify the best dead-time elimination control sequences generated by IA compared with the existing conventional control strategies, not only effectively and safely eliminate the effect of dead-time, but also significantly reduce the output waveforms of THD and increase the amplitude of the fundamental voltage.
THE ANALYSIS OF RELIGIOSITY AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFLUENCE TOWARDS PURCHASE INTENTION WITH CONSUMER ATTITUDES AS THE INTERVENING VARIABLE IN KFC PANDANARAN SEMARANG (CASE STUDY IN FE UNISSULA�S STUDENTS)

This research aims to analyze the influence of religiosity and the county of origin against the purchase intention in KFC Pandanaran Semarang with consumer attitudes as intervening variable. The population in this research is a college student of economic faculty of Islamic University of Sultan Agung. The technique of the sample with a purposive sampling method and incidental sampling.Samples taken as many as 100 collage students, with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire.Data analysis using SPSS 23.0. The results showed that religiosity and country of origin has a positive and significant effect on consumer attitudes. Country of origin and consumer attitudes has a positive and significant effect on the purchase intention. Religiosity has a negative and significant effect on purchase intention. Consumer attitudes not as intervening variables between religiosity towards purchase intention and between the country of origin towards purchase intention.Keywords: Religiosity, Country of origin, Consumer attitudes, and Purchase intention.
Impact of parasitic elements on the spurious triggering pulse in synchronous buck converter

Limiting the spurious triggering pulse in the gate-source voltage of the lower MOSFET during the turn-on transition of the upper MOSFET is mandatory to prevent substantial switching loss and even shoot-through in the synchronous buck converter. This paper conducts an exhaustive investigation into the impact of the inherent parasitic elements on the spurious triggering pulse to facilitate a reliability-oriented design. An analytical model that considers the parasitic capacitances and inductances, reverse recovery characteristics of the body diode and the interaction between the upper and the lower MOSFETs is established to quantify this pulse. The spurious triggering pulse is found to stem from the induced increase in the gate voltage and the induced decrease in the source voltage. Variation in the magnitude of the spurious triggering pulse in regard to each parasitic element is identified accordingly. Experimental results of a practical synchronous buck converter affirm the theoretical analysis.
Nonlinear charge trapping effects on pulsed I/V characteristics of GaN FETs

Nonlinear dynamic characterization of 1-mm GaN FETs is carried out by means of pulsed waveform excitations, applied through a recently proposed measurement setup. Due to fast trap capture phenomena, standard narrow-pulsed I/V characteristics are found to deviate from the ideal behavior. In this paper, the effects of the nonlinear charge trapping on pulsed I/V characteristics are experimentally observed thanks to a particular feature of the adopted measurement setup, which allows the monitoring of the DC drain current components of the pulses. In addition, the progressive degradation of the device performance due to charge trapping phenomena at increasing excitation amplitudes is shown by means of a new pulsing procedure.
Estimating the efficiency of pulsed alternators

The term pulsed alternator is used to describe a type of rotating machine capable of providing short bursts of high current. Output power is intended to come from energy stored in the form of rotational inertia. This is done in a three-step process. The field coil on the rotor is charged using a process called bootstrapping. When the desired charge is reached, the circuit is switched to the load, and any magnetic energy left in the field coil is used to charge the flywheel. The efficiency of pulsed alternators, a very important design metric, is dependent on many geometric and material parameters, on the load, and on the type of input excitation. This paper shows the derivation of the steady-state efficiency of a pulsed alternator connected to a static load based on Park's model of a machine. The steady-state efficiency is then compared with the instantaneous and net efficiency of a simple discharge.
An innovative biotransformation to produce resveratrol by Bacillus safensis

Resveratrol is considered as a potential food supplement, cosmetic ingredient and nutraceutical. In this study, resveratrol was produced by biotransformation successfully. In detail, a β-glucosidase producing strain was isolated and identified as Bacillus safensis, and it could convert polydatin to resveratrol efficiently and rapidly. Further research showed that the conversion rate to resveratrol reached 93.1% in 8 h at 37 °C. The production of resveratrol was confirmed by HPLC, LC-MS and 1H-NMR to identify its structure and it was verified to possess antibacterial properties especially against Escherchia coli. To illustrate the resveratrol transformation mechanism, several glucosidases from B. safensis CGMCC 13129 were expressed and analyzed. The results showed that BGL4 and BGL5 had higher transformation activity compared with other tested glucosidases. This research provides a novel approach to produce resveratrol, and would promote the application of resveratrol in health-promoting pharmaceutical and food products.
Indirect current control for seamless transfer of three-phase utility interactive inverters

This paper proposes an indirect current control algorithm for seamless transfer of three-phase utility-interactive inverters. With the proposed method the inverter is able to provide critical loads with a stable and seamless voltage during the whole transition period including both clearing time and control mode change. The LCL filter design which is suitable for the indirect current control is also proposed to meet the harmonic limits. The proposed control method is validated through simulation and experiment.
An Exploration into Teachers' Perceptions of School Leaders' Emotional Intelligence

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Transthoracic Echocardiography as A friend to Pulmonologist in Respiratory Intensive Care

Background: Bedside echochocardiography is a useful tool in critical care setting. Several studies support the performance of echocardiography by non-cardiologist. Aim of the work: To evaluate if bedside transthoracic echocardiography (done by intensivist) is useful to provide diagnosis of cardiovascular pathologies of patients with acute respiratory failure in respiratory intensive care, and to assess the interobserver variability between measurements done by intensivist and expert echocardiographer. Methods: Sixty patients with acute respiratory failure admitted to respiratory critical care unit were evaluated by echocardiography by an intensivist and expert echo cardiographer. Interobserver agreement for both readings was done. Results: results of the present work revealed that, there was strong agreement between the reading of both the intensivist and echocardiographer. In addition, significant abnormalities were present in the examined cases especially diastolic dysfunction. conclusions: The intensivist detected most abnormalities detected by the expert echocardiographer. The bedside echocardiography is a useful instrument in respiratory critical care unit.
Microfluidic shrinking of microbubble contrast agents

We develop a new microfluidic technique to generate lipid-stabilized microbubbles of 1–7 μm diameter. We shrink microbubbles that are initially O(100) μm in diameter by using a vacuum system. We use a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device to generate microbubbles in a conventional flow focusing orifice. The bubbles pass through a serpentine channel while under vacuum pressure, and shrink to O(1) μm in diameter. We control a single parameter, the vacuum pressure, in the vacuum channels that are fabricated adjacent to the serpentine channel. We demonstrate that the shrunk microbubbles are stable for at least 75 minutes in atmospheric conditions. We anticipate that this simple approach can be used to generate microbubbles for ultrasound (US) imaging and therapeutic applications by increasing the throughput of the microfluidic microbubble generating system.
Temperature-Dependent Terahertz Imaging of Excised Oral Malignant Melanoma

We imaged a single case of oral malignant melanoma using terahertz (THz) reflection imaging at room temperature (20 °C) and below freezing (-20 °C). A malignant nodule beneath the oral tissue surface was visualized using 2-D and B-scan THz imaging techniques. The THz images were well correlated with the histological findings. The nodule was found to have lower water content than that of normal cells, and this water effect may have influenced the THz refractive index and absorption coefficient at 20 °C. The THz spectroscopic image of the frozen tissue at -20 °C showed better contrast because of the lack of liquid water; this implies that there are significant structural differences between malignant oral melanoma cells and normal mucosal cells. The better contrast in the frozen tissue images was due to the greater penetration of THz radiation into the sample. This temperature-dependent THz imaging approach demonstrated the feasibility of accurate imaging of the oral tumor tissue.
Bistatic-Like Differential SAR Tomography

Motivated by prospective synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite missions, this paper addresses the problem of differential SAR tomography (D-TomoSAR) in urban areas using spaceborne bistatic or pursuit monostatic acquisitions. A bistatic or pursuit monostatic interferogram is not subject to significant temporal decorrelation or atmospheric phase screen and, therefore, ideal for elevation reconstruction. We propose a framework that incorporates this reconstructed elevation as deterministic prior to deformation estimation, which uses conventional repeat-pass interferograms generated from bistatic or pursuit monostatic pairs. By means of theoretical and empirical analyses, we show that this framework is, in the pursuit monostatic case, both statistically and computationally more efficient than the standard D-TomoSAR. In the bistatic case, its theoretical bound is no worse by a factor of 2. We also show that reasonable results can be obtained by using merely six TerraSAR-X add-on for digital elevation measurements (TanDEM-X) pursuit monostatic pairs, if additional spatial prior is introduced. The proposed framework can be easily extended for multistatic configurations or external sources of scatterer’s elevation.
Evaluation of Agilent 3458A Time Jitter Performance

This paper describes the mechanism of an Agilent 3458A sampling time jitter present when external triggering is used at synchronous two-channel sampling. Based on measurements, it is shown that the master digital multimeter (DMM) adds approximately 3.2 ns of its own time jitter while triggering the slave DMM and that the effective time jitter for externally triggered DMM remains at around 7 ns, well below ±50-ns maximum jitter as specified by the manufacturer.
Design and analysis of a new five-phase brushless hybrid-excitation fault-tolerant motor for electric vehicles

High reliability and wide range of speed regulation are key factors for motor driving system in electric vehicles (EVs). To meet the requirement for EV application, this paper proposes and investigates a new five-phase brushless fault-tolerant hybrid-excitation (FTHE) motor. First, the single concentrated stator winding is adopted to achieve fault-tolerance. The unequal teeth width and the asymmetric air-gap length are designed to optimize electromagnetic performances, such as back-EMF and torque. In addition, to realize flux-regulation, simple structure and no sliding contacts, based on the utilization of the high-harmonic component of the stator MMF, the rotor field winding and the rotor harmonic winding are designed. Moreover, topology and operation principle of the proposed motor are analyzed. Also, the characteristics of the proposed motor are investigated by using finite-element analysis. Finally, the experimental results are given to verify the validity of the proposed motor.
Real time operation of MAST Thomson scattering diagnostic

The MAST (Mega-Amp Spherical Tokamak) TS (Thomson scattering) diagnostic provides measurements of electron temperature and density at 130 spatial points with ∼10 mm resolution across the plasma. Eight 30 Hz 1.6 J Nd:YAG lasers have been combined to produce an average sampling rate of 240 Hz with minimum interval > 1 µs. The scattered light signals are registered as polychromator outputs at 1 GHz rate in a short interval around each laser pulse.
Polymorphisms in the SLC11A1 gene and tuberculosis risk: a meta-analysis update [Review article].

BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in SLC11A1 gene have been extensively studied for an association with tuberculosis (TB); however, results from replication studies have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively evaluate the genetic risk of polymorphisms (D543N, 3'UTR TGTG ins/del, INT4, [GT]n) in the SLC11A1 gene for TB. METHODS A meta-analysis was carried out to analyse the association between SLC11A1 polymorphisms and TB risk. RESULTS A total of 82 case-control studies in 35 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that these four polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of TB (D543N OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.11-1.55; 3'UTR TGTG ins/del OR 1.45, 95%CI 1.25-1.68; INT4 OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.09-1.49; [GT]n OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.14-1.61). In further stratified analyses by ethnicity and TB forms, significant increased risks were found in subgroups of Asians and in pulmonary TB (PTB) for all four polymorphisms, while an increased risk of extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) was found for D543N polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that polymorphisms in the SLC11A1 gene contribute to TB (both PTB and EPTB), particularly in Asians.
36-GHz-bandwidth quad-channel driver module using compact QFN package for optical coherent systems

This paper presents a small quad-channel driver module for optical modulators in digital coherent systems. To decrease the size of the module, we designed a compact quad-channel package. The size of the package is 14 × 8 × 2.8 mm3. The bandwidth of the driver module is 36 GHz with maximum differential gain of 15 dB. Waveforms with clear eye-openings at symbol rates of 32 and 50 Gbaud were observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most compact quad-channel driver module in 50-Gbaud class.
A High Efficiency Dual-Mode Buck Converter IC For Portable Applications

This paper presents the design of a novel wide output current range dual-mode dc to dc step-down (Buck) switching regulator/converter. The converter can adaptively switch between pulsewidth modulation (PWM) and pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) both with very high conversion efficiency. Under light load condition the converter enters PFM mode. The function of closing internal idle circuits is implemented to save unnecessary switching losses. The converter can be switched to PWM mode when the load current is greater than 100 mA. Soft start operation is designed to eliminate the excess large current at the start up of the regulator. The chip has been fabricated with a TSMC 2P4M 0.35 mum polycide CMOS process. The range of the operation voltage is from 2.7 to 5 V, which is suitable for single-cell lithium-ion battery supply applications. The maximum conversion efficiency is 95% at 50 mA load current. Above 85 % conversion efficiency can be reached for load current from 3 to 460 mA.
eLine10k: A High Dynamic Range Front-End ASIC for LCLS Detectors

eLine10k is a fast-frame, 64-channel readout ASIC for SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) detectors. The circuit has been designed to integrate the charge from high-capacitance 2D sensors with rolling shutter and 1D strip sensors. It is suitable for applications requiring large input signal range, on the order of 104 photons/pixel/pulse at 8 keV (22 Me-), and a resolution of half a photon FWHM ( 500 e- r.m.s.). 2D sensors with a rolling shutter like the X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS), for which the ASIC has been optimized, present large input capacitance to each channel leading to stringent noise optimization requirements. The large required number of pixels per channel, and the fixed LCLS beam period impose limitations on the time available for the readout of each single pixel. Giving the periodic nature of the LCLS beam, the ASIC developed for this application is a time-variant system, providing low-noise charge integration, filtering and correlated double-sampling, and a processing speed up to 500 k pixel/s on each channel. To cope with the large input dynamic range, a charge pump scheme has been implemented providing on-chip 4-bit coarse digital conversion of the integrated charge. The residual charge is sampled using correlated double sampling into an analog memory, multiplexed and measured with the required resolution using an external ADC. In this paper, the ASIC architecture and performance of the final release are presented.
High Resolution Stroboscopic Neutron Radiography at the FRM-II ANTARES Facility

The rapidly developing field of high resolution neutron radiography primarily concentrates on non-destructive studies of stationary objects with relatively long exposure times required to achieve adequate neutron statistics. The combination of a high intensity neutron beam with a high temporal and spatial resolution detector, enables the investigation of dynamic processes in a stroboscopic mode, where image frames are synchronized with the sample or acquired continuously at high acquisition frame rates. Although neutron statistics in the acquisition frames as short as <; 10 μs is considered quite low (typically <; 1000 n/cm2 at the sample), repetitive processes can still be studied with high resolution by integrating a large number of frames synchronized to the process. In this paper we demonstrate the stroboscopic imaging capabilities of the highly collimated thermal neutron beamline ANTARES together with a high resolution detector with neutron-sensitive microchannel plates and the Medipix2 readout. The dynamics of water uptake due to capillary forces as well as the two-phase flow of an air-water mixture is investigated, and stroboscopic imaging of an operating beam chopper and a spinning fan is performed, with sub-100-μm spatial resolution and with acquisition frames varying between 10 μs and 200 ms. The results of these experiments demonstrate the future potential for performing high resolution neutron radiography of fast and/or repetitive processes, such as water flow and uptake, operation of fuel injection nozzles, as well as many others.
A single-stage soft-switching flyback converter for power-factor-correction applications

This paper presents a single-stage soft-switching Flyback converter for power-factor-correction (PFC) applications. High power factor and high conversion efficiency can be achieved by a simple single-stage circuit with soft-switching features. The operation principles and design criteria for the studied PFC converter are analyzed and discussed. A laboratory prototype is also built and tested. Finally, the experimental waveforms for this prototype circuit are shown to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Infant temperament, maternal feeding behaviours and the timing of solid food introduction

Abstract Despite guidance from the World Health Organization and the U.K. Department of Health, many mothers introduce solid food before their infant is 6 months old. The current study aimed to investigate relationships between maternal feeding behaviours (preintroduction and postintroduction to solids), infant temperament, and the timing of introduction to solid food. Eighty‐one women were recruited on low‐risk maternity units and were contacted at 1 week, 3, and 6 months postpartum. Mothers of infants (45 males, 36 females, mean birth weight 3.52 kg [SD 0.39]) completed the behaviours component of the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire via telephone interview at 3 months. At 6 months, they were observed feeding their infant solid food at home and reported infant temperament using the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire‐Revised (short form). Partial correlations (covariates: birth weight, maternal age, breastfeeding duration, and postnatal depression) revealed negative associations between age of introduction to solid food and temperament (smiling and laughter) and laissez‐faire milk feeding behaviours; and positive associations between age of introduction to solid food and restrictive milk feeding behaviours and verbal involvement during an observed mealtime. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that an infant's birth weight and the degree to which their mothers perceive them to smile and laugh are key predictors of when they will be introduced to solid food, over and above other variables of interest (e.g., maternal milk feeding behaviours, breastfeeding duration, and postnatal depression).