Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in medical techniques involving ionising or non-ionising radiation : Update 2014

Het RIVM heeft geinventariseerd welke nieuwste medische technieken met straling in opkomst zijn, welke daarvan nog experimenteel zijn en welke al in de praktijk worden gebruikt. Het gaat om technieken die gebruikmaken van ioniserende en niet-ioniserende straling. Beide soorten worden zowel voor diagnostiek als behandelingen ingezet. Met de nieuwe technieken kan meer informatie worden ingewonnen, zodat een verfijndere diagnose en een effectievere behandeling kunnen worden geboden. Daarnaast kunnen ze met minder straling hetzelfde of een beter 'beeld' maken zodat de patient aan minder straling blootstaat. De rapportage is een update van een inventarisatie uit 2011 en is in opdracht van de Inspectie voor de Gezondheidszorg (IGZ) uitgevoerd. Hiervoor is een literatuurstudie uitgevoerd en is op basis van ervaringen van deskundigen in kaart gebracht welke technieken in Nederland inmiddels hun weg naar de praktijk hebben gevonden. Voorbeelden van medische technieken die gebruikmaken van ioniserende straling zijn rontgenfotografie en CT (computertomografie), waarmee beelden van de inwendige mens worden gemaakt. Een nieuwe ontwikkeling hierin betreft het gebruik van de golfeigenschappen van de rontgenstraling om meer informatie uit de rontgendata te halen. Daarnaast zijn technieken om de hoeveelheid straling te verminderen sterk in opkomst. Het gaat hierbij vooral om zogeheten buisstroommodulatie, waarbij de straling aangepast wordt aan de omvang van het te bestralen lichaamsdeel. De nieuwste ontwikkeling op het gebied van radiotherapie is beeldvorming tijdens de bestraling (met MRI). Door deze combinatie kunnen tumoren die niet op een vaste plek zitten gerichter worden bestraald. Protonentherapie, waarmee tumoren preciezer kunnen worden behandeld, is al een tijd in opkomst en zal binnenkort in Nederland beschikbaar zijn. Voorbeelden van technieken die met niet-ioniserende straling werken zijn elektromagnetische velden (bijvoorbeeld MRI) en optische technieken. Behalve verbeteringen van de MRI is compacte apparatuur in opkomst die gebruikmaakt van zwakke elektromagnetische velden om een beeld te krijgen van huid en bloedvaten. Een andere ontwikkeling is het toenemende gebruik van draadloze technieken om camera's en (medicijn)implantaten aan te sturen. Voor optische beeldvorming worden steeds vaker infrarode straling en inwendige technieken gebruikt.
DETECTION OF DIFFUSE NEUTRAL INTRAGROUP MEDIUM IN HICKSON COMPACT GROUPS

We present new Green Bank Telescope (GBT) 21 cm neutral hydrogen (H i) observations of a complete distance-limited sample of 22 Hickson Compact Groups (HCGs) with at least four true members. We detected an average H i mass of 8 × 109 M☉ (median = 6 × 109 M☉), which is significantly larger than previous single-dish measurements. Consequently, the H i deficiencies for these HCGs have been reduced, although not completely eliminated. Spectral comparison of the GBT data with complementary Very Large Array data shows significant H i excess in the GBT spectra. The observed excess is primarily due to the high surface brightness (HSB) sensitivity of the GBT detecting diffuse, low column density H i in these groups. The excess gas forms a faint diffused neutral medium which is an intermediate stage in the evolution of HSB H i tidal debris in the intragroup medium (IGM) before it is fully ionized. The excess gas mass fraction, (M(H i)GBT − M(H i)VLA)/M(H i)GBT, for our complete sample varies from 5% to 81% with an average of 36% (median = 30%). The excess gas mass fraction is highest in slightly H i deficient groups where the tidal debris has had enough time to evolve. We also find the excess gas content increases with the evolutionary phase of the group described in Verdes-Montenegro et al. Theoretical calculations indicate that an H i cloud of radius ⩾ 200 pc would survive in an IGM of 2 × 106 K for more than the typical dynamical lifetime of a group. However, smaller clouds get evaporated and assimilated into the hot IGM in a much shorter timescale.
Natural Disaster and Sickness Shocks: Evidence of Informal Social Insurance from Bangladesh

Bangladesh is prone to large scale natural disasters with consequent impacts on human health and survival. In 1998, Bangladesh experienced the “flood of the century”. Households exposed to flooding had major crop failure, suffered from various water-borne diseases, lost shelter, assets and ability to meet their basic needs. Based on multiple rounds of household survey data from rural Bangladesh collected after the 1998 flooding, this article investigate the factors that contribute to reduce sickness shocks after a massive natural disaster. Results indicate that social cohesion built on group-based microfinance programs may provide an informal social insurance mechanism to reduce sickness shocks. Simply put, households with stronger social bonds built on microfinance programs spend less for medical expenses in recovering from post-flood sickness shocks. Policy implications are explored in a developing country context, where sickness significantly impacts household welfare and no formal health insurance exists.
Validation of Diagnostic Elements of Nursing Diagnosis 00104 Ineffective Breastfeeding

Background: The aim of the validation studies is to verify the validity of nursing diagnoses of NANDA-I classification in different conditions than in which they were created. Nursing diagnosis 00104 Ineffective breastfeeding was selected by a research team due to the importance of breastfeeding for both mother and child. Elimination of the initial problems in first days can contribute to successful lactation. Aim: The main objective of the research was validation of diagnostic elements of nursing diagnosis 00104 Ineffective breastfeeding. Methods: The model of clinical diagnostic validity was used, in which two experts tested the presence or absence of diagnostic elements in group of women in the postpartum period. The record sheet for recording of presence or absence of 30 diagnostic elements was created. The experts evaluated 60 women with nursing diagnosis Ineffective breastfeeding 00104. The weighted score and total score was calculated after data collection. Results: It wasn‘t calculated a weighted score greater than or equal to 0.80 in all of the 17 defining and 13 related characteristics. In two defining characteristics was calculated a weighted score greater than 0.5. The total score of the nursing diagnosis Ineffective breastfeeding is 0.168. Conclusions: No diagnostic element was identified as main character by the experts. Two characteristics can be described as minor characters. We will keep working with this diagnosis, it is necessary to determine whether, under other circumstances of research, nursing diagnosis Ineffective breastfeeding contains main characters and is fully usable for midwifery in Czech Republic.
The Investigation of Iranian Cultural and Consumption Values through Foreign Brand Purchasing

This research proposes a comprehensive model that investigates the relationships between individualismcollectivism dimension, consumption values and consumer behavior. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to investigate how Iranian cultural values affect consumption values and behavioral responses in foreign brand purchasing context. Respondents were chosen from among the students of Tehran Islamic Azad University, science and research branch using Stratified Random Sampling Method. A total of 390 questionnaires were used for data analysis.Structural equations modeling by using LISREL was performed to empirically test the relationships between the constructs of this study. Results show that both individualism (vertical and horizontal) and collectivism (vertical and horizontal) are importance predictors of consumptions values in Iranian society. Also, results indicate that three out of four types of consumption values (i.e., functional, emotional, and social values) were positively related to customer satisfaction and loyalty.However, relationship between epistemic value with loyalty and customer satisfaction was not significant. Finally, it suggests that managers should develop different marketing activities to different cultures and emphasis on consumption values to create of loyal and satisfied customers.
Forming Emergent Configurations in Smart Office IoT Systems

In this thesis, we examine how Emergent Configurations are formed to manage Things and People for the purpose of achieving the user’s goal of repairing a coffee machine in the dynamic environment of a smart office. We develop an architecture in the form of requirement and design artifacts as well as a realization of the Goal Manager component in the Emergent Configuration Manager which is responsible for the forming of Emergent Configurations, using the novel Emergent Configuration IoT system engineering approach. To demonstrate the capability of the realization we developed multiple case scenarios which correspond to the context dynamicity of a smart office environment. The results of this study introduce an architecture for the Goal Manager component and demonstrate that the novel engineering approach, Emergent Configuration, is a feasible way of managing IoT systems in the smart office category. Keywords— Emergent Configurations, Internet of Things, Context-awareness, Self-adaptability, Smart Office, Augmented Reality, Maintenance Popular Science Summary Internet of Things is a growing trend that aims to connect everything that can benefit from being connected to the internet by providing new services and increasing the efficiency of those Things. The Smart Office is an example of one area where the Internet of Things concept can be applied and is popular because of the immediate advantages it brings by having devices connected. Even though there are numerous advantages connecting devices to the internet, there are also many challenges that need to be dealt with at all levels. We use the novel approach Emergent Configurations to try to address the issues IoT systems are facing. Emergent Configurations is an approach for how to engineer IoT systems, where multiple connected devices including their functionalities and services collaborate temporarily to achieve a common goal. Recently, researchers have introduced an abstract architecture describing how Emergent Configurations could be implemented to carry out its task. The main task of the Emergent Configurations is to be part of an IoT system and handle its involved Things and people by utilizing techniques like context-awareness and self-adaptability. In this Master thesis we refine the abstract Emergent Configuration architecture and realize a part of the architecture in the context of a number of real-life scenarios. We continue to focus on the Goal Manager component, which is responsible for planning a course of action through which the collaborating users and devices can achieve a goal. Then we divide the Goal Manager up into a number of sub-components with the aim of introducing a general architecture for the component. Additionally we introduce a technique for interpreting goals, which is one of the most important responsibilities of the Goal Manager. We hope and aim for our contributions towards the abstract architecture of the Emergent Configurations to be used as a basis for engineering IoT systems with the Emergent Configurations approach in the future.
Consumption, Land Prices and the Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Japan

This paper documents the role of consumption in explaining the weak interest rate effect of monetary transmission in Japan. Economic theory suggests circumstances in which a rise in short term real interest rates can increase consumption, contrary to much conventional wisdom. This paper suggests that these circumstances are more likely to be prevalent in Japan and finds strong empirical evidence for a positive effect. Life-cycle theory also suggests that housing wealth effects on aggregate consumption including imputed rent are small and negative. Positive effects of the kind found in the UK and the US are due to the role of the credit channel. In countries where consumer access to credit is restricted, these restrictions can enhance the negative effect on consumption of higher house prices because saving for a housing deposit needs to be higher. Our evidence of a negative land price effect for Japan supports this hypothesis. We find no evidence of significant household credit market liberalization from a model for household debt in Japan. We also find evidence for a sizable negative effect on consumption from higher government deficits, suggesting fiscal policy also had limitations. These findings contribute to explanations of Japan's 'lost decade'.
Direct liquefaction on low rank Batu Arang coals of Malaysia: Influence of petrographic composition

2 Novosibirsk city, Krolev street 21, Russia Abstract: A direct liquefaction study was performed on a set of low-rank Malaysian coals from Batu Arang, Selangor in Peninsular Malaysia. The analysis was carried out in a 1000 mL high temperature and high-pressure reactor batch- wise system using tetralin as hydrogen donor solvent, at temperature of 420°С and at pressure of 4МРа. The influence of maceral composition was investigated based on comparison made on the percentage of coal conversion and product yield for the three coals that were analysed. These analysed samples contain reactive macerals (vitrinite + exinite) in the range of 76% - 92%. The high coal conversion and oil+gas yields are attributed predominantly to the high content of reactive macerals of vitrinite and exinite maceral groups, with some contribution from the inertinite maceral group. This suggests the analysed Batu Arang coals possess good potential to act as an alternative liquid fuel in the future through direct liquefaction process.
Use of Gallery and Non-Gallery Forest by Ungulates Inhabiting the Loma Mountains Non- Hunting Forest Reserve, Sierra Leone, West Africa

of thesis at the University of Miami. West Africa Thesis essay supervised by Professor Steven M. Green. No. of pages in text. (80) This 11-month study examined rates of encountering dung pellet groups, dung piles and ungulates in gallery forests and non-gallery forests during diurnal surveys in the Loma Mountains Non-Hunting Forest Reserve (LMNHFR) in Sierra Leone, West Africa. These indices of relative abundance were then used to infer relative habitat use by the seven ungulate species on which data were collected. This study also examined the differences in rates of encountering duikers during nocturnal surveys with rates of encountering duikers during diurnal surveys to determine which time of day produces higher rates of encounter, and thereby a more accurate estimate of duiker abundance. The dung of four of the seven species, namely Cephalophus niger, Philantomba maxwelli, Tragelaphus scriptus, and Potamochoerus porcus is encountered at a higher rate in gallery forest than in non-gallery forest. Rates of encountering the dung of three species, C. silvicultor, C. dorsalis and Syncerus caffer nanus, do not differ between forest types. Rates of encountering four species, namely C. niger, P. maxwelli, T. scriptus, and C. silvicultor are higher in gallery forest than in non-gallery forest. Rates of encountering three species, namely C. dorsalis, S. caffer nanus, and P. porcus do not differ between forest types. Rates of encountering duikers ranged from three to six times higher during nocturnal surveys than during diurnal surveys for C. niger and P. maxwelli and 20 times higher for C. dorsalis. Survey timing did not affect the rate of encounter for C. silvicultor. Forest ungulates in the LMNHFR utilize gallery forests regularly. Possible reasons for the higher rates of encounter for six of the species in gallery forests compared with non-gallery forests are access to water, readily available browse resulting from annual fire damage on the periphery and interior of gallery forests, and easy access to cover for ungulates when foraging in adjacent grassland. Given the current rate of forest loss in West Africa, studies examining how forest mammals are able to persist in small forest fragments should be high priority for both government and conservation groups. The findings here give evidence that forest ungulates can and do use small areas of forest. Most importantly, the findings from this study show the global value of the LMNHFR for the conservation of large mammals endemic to the Upper Guinea Forests.
Using P systems to Solve the Discrete Logarithm Problem used in Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Protocol

The discrete logarithm problem has been used as the basis of several cryptosystems, especially the Diffie- Hellman key exchange protocol. P systems are a cluster of distributed parallel computing devices in a biochemical type. This paper presents a P system with active membranes and strong priority to solve the discrete logarithm problem used in Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol. To the best of our knowledge, it's the first time to solve the problem using P systems.
EFFECTS OF VIDEO AND PRINT NARRATIVES ON COMMUNICATING HEALTH RISKS: AN EXPERIMENT

This study examined the effects of health message types and media channels on communicating the risks of tanning among college students. A 2x2 factorial experiment (N = 165) was conducted to compare the persuasiveness of two message types (narrative vs. exemplar) and two media channels (video vs. print). Results indicate that narratives presented in video had a stronger effect on individuals, generating less favorable attitudes toward tanning and greater intentions to stop using tanning beds than did the print narrative. Both video and print narratives led to a higher level of engagement and transportation than exemplar messages. Messages presented by video were perceived to be more persuasive than print messages, regardless of the message type. These findings provided partial support for the hypotheses. Implications and limitations of the study as well as the directions for future studies will be discussed.
Modeling Grout Injection Volume in Fractured Rock Using Borehole Imagery

Predicting grouting volumes for a cutoff barrier in rock formations has traditionally relied on empirically-derived methods that generally resulted in large variations in estimated quantities. Technological advances in downhole imagery and the use of statistical methods now provides the grouting engineer with a theoretical means of quantitative modeling of injected grout volume. A fracture analysis (FA) methodology has been developed which includes the determination of the spatial geometry of structural features in the rock and the quantification of attributes of primary interest, including aperture geometry, degree of fracture penetration and sinusoidal height of partially-penetrating fractures. The robust multivariate regression statistical technique was then applied. The results indicated statistically significant correlation for borehole stage accumulated grout take with several of the measured and calculated fracture parameters. Application of these procedures using imagery and grouting data from exploratory boreholes may provide valuable information on anticipated grout injection volumes for future grouting projects.
Comparative Study of different Methodologies to Predict Human Character

Realistic data modeling can be used to predict human performance and explore the relationships between diverse sets of variables. A major challenge of realistic data modeling is how to simplify or anticipate the findings with a limited amount of pragmatic data to a broader perspective. In this paper, the individuality of some of the categorization methods that have been effectively applied to handwritten script recognition and results of SVM and ANNs categorization method, applied on handwritten script. After preprocessing the handwritten image the psychological individuality in the writing namely size, slant and pressure, baseline, number of breaks, margins, speed of writing and spacing between the words is extracted. These attributes are subsequently provided to Neural classifier and into support vector machine for categorization. In neural classifier, it is discovered that three ways of combining decisions of various MLP’s, designed for various attributes. To exhibit the method and the value of modeling human performance with SVM, SVM applied to a real world human factors problem of identification of character of a person. The results specify that the SVM based model of person’s character detection gives good performance. Various propositions on modeling human character by using SVM have been discussed. From machine learning an approach is introduced, known as support vector machine (SVM), which can help deal with this challenge. General Terms Character detection, script detection, attributes, etc.
Two Reliable Methods for Solving the (3 + 1)-Dimensional Space-Time Fractional Jimbo-Miwa Equation

We investigate methods for obtaining exact solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear space-time fractional Jimbo-Miwa equation in the sense of the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. The methods employed to analytically solve the equation are the (G󸀠/G, 1/G)-expansionmethod and the novel (G󸀠/G)-expansionmethod. To the best of our knowledge, there are no researchers who have applied thesemethods to obtain exact solutions of the equation.The application of themethods is simple, elegant, efficient, and trustworthy. In particular, applying the novel (G󸀠/G)-expansion method to the equation, we obtain more exact solutions than using other existing methods such as the (G󸀠/G)-expansion method and the exp(−Φ(ξ))-expansion method. The exact solutions of the equation, obtained using the two methods, can be categorized in terms of hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions. Some of the results obtained by the twomethods are new and reported here for the first time. In addition, the obtained exact explicit solutions of the equation characterize many physical meanings such as soliton solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, and singular multiple-soliton solutions.
An intercultural analysis of sources of medical information in Spanish-speaking diabetes patients

Understanding and improving health literacy have become important goals in health communication. Research has shown that limited health literacy is associated with poor health outcomes and that it is more prevalent in culturally and linguistically diverse populations. The goals of this study are to describe English-speaking (ES) and Spanish-speaking (SS) diabetic patients’ perceptions of sources of health information, to identify the actions patients report taking in seeking that information, and to test reading comprehension of medical information among SS patients. Data for this study were based on semi-structured interviews, life-story narratives, and a reading comprehension test with diabetic patients (43 native ES patients and 22 native SS patients with limited English proficiency) collected at a bilingual clinic and at an English-speaking clinic in the Midwestern United States (Indianapolis, Indiana). The results showed that the three approaches to the assessment of health literacy revealed disparities in access and use of sources of information as well as disparities in reading comprehension of health information. In view of the results, we argue that understanding and assessing health literacy, particularly in the case of ethnic minorities, requires complementary approaches of study. Emphasis should be placed on addressing the disparities SS patients face. Interventions should aim at maximizing the role of oral sources of information, training patients to use a wider variety of sources, and designing linguistically and culturally appropriate sources of health information for patients with limited English proficiency.