Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional processing writing and physiological stress responses: understanding constructive and unconstructive processes

ABSTRACT Writing about emotions related to a life stressor is thought to promote coping via emotional processing. However, all styles of emotional processing may not be beneficial to managing stress. Such styles can include constructive (planning/problem-solving, meaning-making) and unconstructive (rumination, worry) forms. This study utilised a randomised experimental design to examine the physiological impact (as indexed by heart rate variability, salivary cortisol reactivity and recovery) of expressive writing with guidance to promote constructive and discourage unconstructive styles (EP+) versus expressive writing with no guidance (EP). Participants (N = 151) engaged in three sessions of expressive writing anchored to a self-nominated stressor over three days. Stress reactivity was measured two weeks later in response to a stress recall task. There was no effect of group on cortisol reactivity, cortisol recovery, or HRV reactivity. However, there was a significant interaction of group and subjective stressfulness of the nominated stressor was observed, such that EP+ was associated with greater cortisol recovery. Those with more taxing stressors may be better equipped to process emotions with guidance on emotional processing styles.
Miscibility and Crystallization Behavior of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate)/Phosphate Glass Hybrids

ABSTRACT Fundamental studies on miscibility and crystallization behavior of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and inorganic phosphate glass (Pglass) hybrids were conducted. The Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ) value of −0.075 for the PET/Pglass hybrids was obtained using the Nishi–Wang equation, demonstrating that the Pglass and PET components were miscible in the melt state. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the phase separation occurred during quenching from the melt. The phase boundaries between PET and Pglass were blurred, which indicated partial compatibility of the components in the solid state. Contact angle measurements indicated the interfacial tension of PET/Pglass hybrids was 1.5 mN/m, and the work of adhesion was 78.0 mN/m at 28 °C. Based on the Hoffman–Lauritzen theory, the nucleation constant (Kg) and fold surface free energy (σe) of PET/Pglass hybrids were less than those of neat PET.
Predictable and host‐species specific humanization of the gut microbiota in captive primates

Humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) harbor complex gut microbial communities that affect phenotypes and fitness. The gut microbiotas of wild NHPs reflect their hosts’ phylogenetic histories and are compositionally distinct from those of humans, but in captivity the endogenous gut microbial lineages of NHPs can be lost or replaced by lineages found in humans. Despite its potential contributions to gastrointestinal dysfunction, this humanization of the gut microbiota has not been investigated systematically across captive NHP species. Here, we show through comparisons of well‐sampled wild and captive populations of apes and monkeys that the fraction of the gut microbiota humanized by captivity varies significantly between NHP species but is remarkably reproducible between captive populations of the same NHP species. Conspecific captive populations displayed significantly greater than expected overlap in the sets of bacterial 16S rRNA gene variants that were differentially abundant between captivity and the wild. This overlap was evident even between captive populations residing on different continents but was never observed between heterospecific captive populations. In addition, we developed an approach incorporating human gut microbiota data to rank NHPs’ gut microbial clades based on the propensity of their lineages to be lost or replaced in captivity by lineages found in humans. Relatively few microbial genera displayed reproducible degrees of humanization in different captive host species, but most microbial genera were reproducibly humanized or retained from the wild in conspecific pairs of captive populations. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiotas of captive NHPs display predictable, host‐species specific responses to captivity.
Women’s contributions to radiobiology in Ireland; from small beginnings….

Abstract Objectives To describe the contribution of women radiobiologists in Ireland to the development of the discipline internationally and at home and to discuss the history of radiobiology in Ireland to date. This parallels the history of the evolution of a small radiobiology group in Kevin Street, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) which was formerly part of the City of Dublin Vocational Education Committee. There followed years of development first as a radiobiological research center which evolved in the FOCAS Research Institute now embedded within Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin). Conclusions Over the last 45 years, the women of the Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC) contributed to the major paradigm shift in low dose radiobiology contributing exciting new research concerning non-targeted effects, including discovery of lethal mutations, medium transfer bystander mechanisms, and signaling pathways. They also developed translational research using human explant culture systems with unique immunocytochemical methods and more recently evolved to molecular and spectroscopic analysis of clinical samples. The RESC also developed unique in vitro research methods into effects of radiation on non-human species of concern in ecosystems.
The role of internet gaming in the association between anxiety and depression: A preliminary cross‐sectional study

Disordered Internet gaming is thought to be perpetuated by one's need to escape their real‐life distress or mental health symptoms, which may in turn generate depressive feelings. Nevertheless, moderate engagement with Internet games has also been suggested to provide relief, thus improving one's mood. This study aspires to clarify the contribution of Internet gaming and gender in the association between anxiety and depression.
Nomograms to Predict Verbal Memory Decline After Temporal Lobe Resection in Adults With Epilepsy

Objective To develop and externally validate models to predict the probability of postoperative verbal memory decline in adults after temporal lobe resection (TLR) for epilepsy using easily accessible preoperative clinical predictors. Methods Multivariable models were developed to predict delayed verbal memory outcome on 3 commonly used measures: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Logical Memory (LM) and Verbal Paired Associates (VPA) subtests from Wechsler Memory Scale–Third Edition. With the use of the Harrell step-down procedure for variable selection, models were developed in 359 adults who underwent TLR at the Cleveland Clinic and validated in 290 adults at 1 of 5 epilepsy surgery centers in the United States or Canada. Results Twenty-nine percent of the development cohort and 26% of the validation cohort demonstrated significant decline on at least 1 verbal memory measure. Initial models had good to excellent predictive accuracy (calibration [c] statistic range 0.77–0.80) in identifying patients with memory decline; however, models slightly underestimated decline in the validation cohort. Model coefficients were updated with data from both cohorts to improve stability. The model for RAVLT included surgery side, baseline memory score, and hippocampal resection. The models for LM and VPA included surgery side, baseline score, and education. Updated model performance was good to excellent (RAVLT c = 0.81, LM c = 0.76, VPA c = 0.78). Model calibration was very good, indicating no systematic overestimation or underestimation of risk. Conclusions Nomograms are provided in 2 easy-to-use formats to assist clinicians in estimating the probability of verbal memory decline in adults considering TLR for treatment of epilepsy. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that multivariable prediction models accurately predict verbal memory decline after TLR for epilepsy in adults.
Increased cognitive workload evokes greater neurovascular coupling responses in healthy young adults

Understanding how the brain allocates resources to match the demands of active neurons under physiological conditions is critically important. Increased metabolic demands of active brain regions are matched with hemodynamic responses known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). Several methods that allow noninvasive assessment of brain activity in humans detect NVC and early detection of NVC impairment may serve as an early marker of cognitive impairment. Therefore, non-invasive NVC assessments may serve as a valuable tool to detect early signs of cognitive impairment and dementia. Working memory tasks are routinely employed in the evaluation of cognitive task-evoked NVC responses. However, recent attempts that utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) or transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) while using a similar working memory paradigm did not provide convincing evidence for the correlation of the hemodynamic variables measured by these two methods. In the current study, we aimed to compare fNIRS and TCD in their performance of differentiating NVC responses evoked by different levels of working memory workload during the same working memory task used as cognitive stimulation. Fourteen healthy young individuals were recruited for this study and performed an n-back cognitive test during TCD and fNIRS monitoring. During TCD monitoring, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow was bilaterally increased during the task associated with greater cognitive effort. fNIRS also detected significantly increased activation during a more challenging task in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and in addition, widespread activation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was also revealed. Robust changes in prefrontal cortex hemodynamics may explain the profound change in MCA blood flow during the same cognitive task. Overall, our data support our hypothesis that both TCD and fNIRS methods can discriminate NVC evoked by higher demand tasks compared to baseline or lower demand tasks.
Quality of life in people living with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: A scoping review study

Quality of life (QoL) is recognized as an essential end point in the disease management of chronic conditions such as HIV with calls to include good QoL as a ‘fourth 90’ in the 90-90-90 testing and treatment targets introduced by World Health Organization in 2016. Cognitive impairments impact a broad spectrum of experiences and are a common issue effecting people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite this, few studies have examined QoL in PLWH who also have a cognitive disorder. This study aimed to synthesize and describe what is known about QoL in those living with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted to identify how QoL has been investigated and measured in PLWH with HAND, and how PLWH with HAND report and describe their QoL. We searched PsychInfo, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science along with hand-searching reference lists from relevant studies found. Included studies were those published in English after 1st January 2003 which included PLWH with cognitive impairment not due to other pre-existing conditions. Fifteen articles met criteria for inclusion. Two studies measured QoL as a primary aim, with others including QoL assessment as part of a broader battery of outcomes. The MOS-HIV and SF-36 were the most commonly used measures of overall QoL, with findings generally suggestive of poorer overall QoL in PLWH with HAND, compared to PLWH without cognitive impairment. Studies which examined dimensions of QoL focused exclusively on functionality, level of independence, and psychological QoL domains. There is a considerable dearth of research examining QoL in PLWH with HAND. The initiatives which advocate for healthy aging and improved QoL in PLWH must be extended to include and understand the experiences those also living with cognitive impairment. Research is needed to understand the broad experiential impacts of living with these two complex, chronic conditions, to ensure interventions are meaningful to patients and potential benefits are not missed.
Image-Guided Human Reconstruction via Multi-Scale Graph Transformation Networks

3D human reconstruction from a single image is a challenging problem. Existing methods have difficulties to infer 3D clothed human models with consistent topologies for various poses. In this paper, we propose an efficient and effective method using a hierarchical graph transformation network. To deal with large deformations and avoid distorted geometries, rather than using Euclidean coordinates directly, 3D human shapes are represented by a vertex-based deformation representation that effectively encodes the deformation and copes well with large deformations. To infer a 3D human mesh consistent with the input real image, we also use a perspective projection layer to incorporate perceptual image features into the deformation representation. Our model is easy to train and fast to converge with short test time. Besides, we present the $D^{2}Human$ (Dynamic Detailed Human) dataset, including variously posed 3D human meshes with consistent topologies and rich geometry details, together with the captured color images and SMPL models, which is useful for training and evaluation of deep frameworks, particularly for graph neural networks. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves more plausible and complete 3D human reconstruction from a single image, compared with several state-of-the-art methods. The code and dataset are available for research purposes at http://cic.tju. edu.cn/faculty/likun/projects/MGTnet.
Highly doped and exposed Cu(I)–N active sites within graphene towards efficient oxygen reduction for zinc–air batteries

A coordinatively unsaturated copper–nitrogen architecture in copper metalloenzymes is essential for its capability to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the stabilization of analogous active sites in realistic catalysts remains a key challenge. Herein, we report a facile route to synthesize highly doped and exposed copper(I)–nitrogen (Cu(I)–N) active sites within graphene (Cu–N©C) by pyrolysis of coordinatively saturated copper phthalocyanine, which is inert for the ORR, together with dicyandiamide. Cu(I)–N is identified as the active site for catalyzing the ORR by combining physicochemical and electrochemical studies, as well as density function theory calculations. The graphene matrix could stabilize the high density of Cu(I)–N active sites with a copper loading higher than 8.5 wt%, while acting as the electron-conducting path. The ORR activity increases with the specific surface area of the Cu–N©C catalysts due to more exposed Cu(I)–N active sites. The optimum Cu–N©C catalyst demonstrates a high ORR activity and stability, as well as an excellent performance and stability in zinc–air batteries with ultralow catalyst loading.
Effects of a low‐intensity resistance exercise program on serum miR‐630, miR‐5703, and Fractalkine/CX3CL1 expressions in subjects with No exercise habits: A preliminary study

Exercise is effective for the prevention of liver cancer. Exercise exerts biological effects through the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and cytokines/myokines. We aimed to investigate the effects of low‐intensity resistance exercise on serum miRNA and cytokine/myokine expressions in subjects with no exercise habits.
Increased angiotensin II formation in the brain modulates cardiovascular homeostasis and erythropoiesis.

In spite of the fact that the modulatory effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the sympathetic nerve activity to targeted organs involved in blood pressure (BP) regulation is well acknowledged, the local production of this peptide in the brain and the consequences of enhanced central Ang II beyond the cardiovascular system are not yet well comprehended. In this study, we generated and validated a new transgenic mouse line overexpressing the rat full-length angiotensinogen (Agt) protein specifically in the brain (Agt-Tg). Adult Agt-Tg mice presented overall increased gene expression of total Agt in the brain including brainstem and hypothalamus. In addition, the excess of Agt led to abundantly detectable brain Ang II levels as well as increased circulating copeptin levels. Agt-Tg displayed raised BP in acute recordings, while long-term telemetrically measured basal BP was indistinguishable from wildtypes. Agt-Tg has altered peripheral renin angiotensin system and vasomotor sympathetic tone homeostasis, because renal gene expression analysis, plasma Ang II measurements and ganglionic blockade experiments revealed suppressed renin expression, reduced Ang II and higher neurogenic pressure response, respectively. Plasma and urine screens revealed apparently normal fluid and electrolyte handling in Agt-Tg. Interestingly, hematological analyses showed increased hematocrit in Agt-Tg caused by enhanced erythropoiesis, which was reverted by submitting the transgenic mice to a long-term peripheral sympathectomy protocol. Collectively, our findings suggest that Agt-Tg is a valuable tool not only to study brain Ang II formation and its modulatory effects on cardiovascular homeostasis but also its role in erythropoiesis control via autonomic modulation.
The Syncope-Falls Index: a tool for predicting risk of syncope and complex falls in the older adult based on cumulative health deficits

Summary Background Syncope is aetiologically diverse and associated with adverse outcomes; in older people, there is clinical overlap with complex falls presentations (i.e. recurrent, unexplained and/or injurious). Aim To formulate an index to predict future risk of syncope and falls in the Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA). Design/Methods Using the frailty index methodology, we selected, from TILDA Wave 1 (2010), 40 deficits that might increase risk of syncope and falls. This syncope-falls index (SYFI) was applied to TILDA Wave 1 participants aged 65 and over, who were divided into three risk groups (low, intermediate and high) based on SYFI tertiles. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate, controlling for age and sex, how SYFI groups predicted incident syncope, complex falls and simple falls occurring up to Wave 4 of the study (2016). Results At Wave 1, there were 3499 participants (mean age 73, 53% women). By Wave 4, of the remaining 2907 participants, 185 (6.4%) had reported new syncope, 1077 (37.0%) complex falls and 218 (7.5%) simple falls. The risk of both syncope and complex falls increased along the SYFI groups (high risk group: odds ratio 1.88 [1.26–2.80], P = 0.002 for syncope; 2.22 [1.82–2.72], P < 0.001 for complex falls). No significant relationship was identified between SYFI and simple falls. Conclusion The 6-year incidences of falls and syncope were high in this cohort. SYFI could help identify older adults at risk of syncope and complex falls, and thus facilitate early referral to specialist clinics to improve outcomes.
Serum potassium changes due to concomitant ACEI/ARB and spironolactone therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose To provide evidence of serum potassium changes in individuals taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) concomitantly with spironolactone compared to ACEI/ARB therapy alone. Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies including exposure to both spironolactone and ACEI/ARB therapy compared to ACEI/ARB therapy alone. The primary outcome was serum potassium change over time. Main effects were calculated to estimate average treatment effect using random effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I 2. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results From the total of 1,225 articles identified, 20 randomized controlled studies were included in the meta-analysis. The spironolactone plus ACEI/ARB group included 570 patients, while the ACEI/ARB group included 547 patients. Treatment with spironolactone and ACEI/ARB combination therapy compared to ACEI/ARB therapy alone increased the mean serum potassium concentration by 0.19 mEq/L (95% CI, 0.12-0.26 mEq/L), with intermediate heterogeneity across studies (Q statistic = 46.5, P = 0.004; I 2 = 59). Sensitivity analyses showed that the direction and magnitude of this outcome did not change with the exclusion of individual studies, indicating a high level of reliability. Reporting risk of bias was low for 16 studies (80%), unclear for 3 studies (15%) and high for 1 study (5%). Conclusion Treatment with spironolactone in combination with ACEI/ARB therapy increases the mean serum potassium concentration by less than 0.20 mEq/L compared to ACEI/ARB therapy alone. However, serum potassium and renal function must be monitored in patients starting combination therapy to avoid changes in serum potassium that could lead to hyperkalemia.
A Search for a Cortical Map of Auditory Space

This is the story of a search for a cortical map of auditory space. The search began with a study that was reported in the first issue of The Journal of Neuroscience (Middlebrooks and Pettigrew, 1981). That paper described some unexpected features of spatial sensitivity in the auditory cortex while failing to demonstrate the expected map. In the ensuing 40 years, we have encountered the following: panoramic spatial coding by single neurons; a rich variety of response patterns that are unmasked in the absence of general anesthesia; sharpening of spatial sensitivity when an animal is engaged in a listening task; and reorganization of spatial sensitivity in the presence of competing sounds. We have not encountered a map, but not through lack of trying. On the basis of years of negative results by our group and others, and positive results that are inconsistent with static point-to-point topography, we are confident in concluding that there just ain't no map. Instead, we have come to appreciate the highly dynamic spatial properties of cortical neurons, which serve the needs of listeners in a changing sonic environment.