Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Shoots Production from Shoot Tips of Fig Tree (Ficus carica L.) and Callus Induction from Leaf Segments

Cultivated fig (Ficus carica L.) is commonly grown in Kurdistan Region of Iraq for garden specimen as well as fruit tree with some propagation difficulties. For rapid clonal propagation of this plant, the shoot apices from actively growing adult plants, were excised and cultured on MS medium supplemented with various combinations of growth regulators to induce shoot proliferation and subsequent rooting. Following 4 weeks of incubation, the shoot tips grew into 4cm tall shoots in a medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l BAP. The effects of the cytokinins BAP and kinetin were tested for their ability to induce shoot multiplication, while the auxins IBA and NAA were tested for rooting, leaf disc explants of fig were used as a starting material for callus induction. Explants were cultured on MS medium having different concentrations of plant regulators (kinetin and 2, 4-D). The results revealed that the optimal concentration for shoot multiplication ranged between 0.5 and 3.0 mg/l BAP. No beneficial effect was obtained from inclusion of Kinetin in the culture medium. On the other hand, rooting of individual shoots was attained in a medium enriched with 0.5 mg/l IBA and NAA. The best medium for callus induction shown in the medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/l Kinetin and 4.0 mg/l 2, 4-D. The gradually acclimatized plants were successfully transferred to the out-air conditions and a high survival rate (95%) was recorded finally the successfully protocol for in vitro culture of Ficus carica has also supported the research on transgenic plants obtained by genetic transformation.
Authentication Using Three Phase Password

Authentication is necessary in any system as it provides more security to that system. Current authentication techniques such as textual passwords, biometrics and graphical passwords have several limitations and disadvantages. To overcome the drawbacks of these techniques, we propose a new improved technique is used called the Three-Phase Password. Three Phase password is a multifactor authentication scheme. In this technique, we implement the password as a combination of textual password, graphical password and the co-ordinate position. Three-Phase Password is an advanced authentication scheme and is more secure than other authentication techniques. This paper presents the working and implementation of Three-Phase Password and also shows how this technique is more secure than the existing authentication scheme.
A Comparative Analysis of Digital Image Processing Techniques on Real Time Traffic Control Systems

- Traffic control is considered as one of the fastest developing technologies in the world. In India with the growing number of vehicles, traffic jam at junctions has become a serious issue. Normally Traffic police, Timers, Electronic sensors are used to control the traffic jam. But nowadays, image processing techniques are used to control traffic. This paper discuss about the various traffic control techniques and their comparisons. In order to reduce the traffic problems real time traffic control system using image processing is very advantageous.
REDUCTION OF DISTRIBUTION LOSSES IN SMART GRID INFRASTRUCTURE BY AN OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE

R. Suji Pramila Assistant Professor, Noorul Islam University, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT In the smart grid infrastructure based power systems, it is necessary to consider the Demand Side Management (DSM) to enhance the energy reduction and system control. In many countries the resources are very less so the available resources have to be used in an efficient manner without any loss. The total loss cannot be avoided but it can be reduced. Lot of industries and hospitals need twenty four hour power supply and the organizations like schools and colleges need only day time power supply. Different techniques are used to distribute the power to reduce the losses in smart grid. In the proposed system, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) optimization technique is used to distribute the power in the smart grid. Here, the grids are arranged in such a way that the losses in it are reduced. The whole system is rearranged, i.e., the load connected to the grid is rearranged according to their use. It uses a new and stochastic scheduling technique to handle the uncertainties in the power system. Solar and wind power are taken in to account for twenty four hours and the values are given to the PSO algorithm. The experiment was conducted by MATLAB and the results show that the efficiency level of wind and solar power systems was increased by an appreciable level. The proposed technique is compared with the normal system without using DSM and it is clear that the proposed system gives good result than the existing optimized systems.
Tweet Segmentation Using Correlation & Association

Twitter is an online social network used by millions people. It used to provide a way to collect and understand user’s opinion about much private and public organization. Twitter has become one of the most important communication channels with it’s achieve to providing the most up-to-date information to the user. In this paper we present to find the correlation of two words using the association rule. There must be an application to establish the mutual relationship between two words or sentences or segment. In the first step we collecting tweets are editable group of tweets hand selected by twitter user. These collected tweets are pre-processing in which stop words removed and then tweet segmentation. The form of generalized association rules, from messages posted by twitter users. The analysis of twitter post is focused on two different but related features: their textual content and their submission content. Due to it’s in valuable business value of timely information from these tweets, it is imperative to understand tweets language for a large body of downstream application, such as true named entity.
Heuristic Label Set Relevance Learning for Image Annotation

Summary Automatic annotation can automatically annotate images with semantic labels to significantly facilitate image retrieval and organization. Traditional web image annotation methods often estimate specific label relevance to image, and neglect the relevance of the assigned label set as a whole. In this paper, A novel image annotation method by heuristic relevance learning is proposed. Label relevance are formulated into a joint framework. Measures that can estimate the relevance are designed, and the assigned label set can provide a more precise description of the image. To reduce the complexity, a heuristic algorithm is introduced, thus making the framework more applicable to the large scale web image dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the general applicability of the algorithm.
Lunar Rover Virtual Simulation System over A 3D Terrain Environment

Virtual Reality Simulation plays important role in teleoperation of lunar rovers during exploration phase as well as in the design of rover and its systems, performance evaluation during R&D phase. Present simulation methods for lunar rovers have several drawbacks in terms of difficulty in simulating terrains, rover terrain interfaces, simulating dynamics of slip and slide to realize smooth mobility in simulation systems. Considering this, our paper presents an approach to construct a virtual simulation system that integrates the rover modelling, terrain construction and mobility of rover using ADAMS-Matlab interface. In addition to this we have simulated terrain using 3dsMax software and a suitable program is developed in Matlab to simulate the 3D representation of terrain in ADAMS. The 3D model of terrain is also developed using Matlab software and the rover model is constructed with ADAMS. By interfacing ADAMS with Matlab a suitable virtual simulation system is constructed to implement the behaviour of rover over terrain environment. The controller is implemented by using Matlab/Simulink to carry out joint simulation with ADAMS. This paper will provide a method for teleoperation and gives performance analysis in different terrain environments. The simulation environment runs on Z-400 workstation with 16GB RAM. Real tests require equipped rover platform and a realistic terrain. It is very time consuming and high cost. To improve the development efficiency, a rover simulation environment that affords real-time capabilities with high fidelity has been developed. We have made use of FBM technique as well a other software techniques to generate lunar surface as well as its features like crater. The lunar rover is modelled using ADAMS software with high realism is integrated in the visualization environment. The dynamics of rover is tested in Matlab-ADAMS simulation environment.
IDENTITY PRIVACY AND PRESERVING DATA IN MULTI-ATTORNEY MANNER USING CLOUD

Cloud computing provides an economical and efficient solution for sharing data among the cloud users in the group , users sharing data in a multi-attorney manner preserving data and identity privacy from an untrusted cloud, it is still a challenging issue, due to frequent change of the membership in the group. In this paper, we propose a multi-attorney data sharing scheme for the dynamic groups in the cloud. By combing group signature and dynamic broadcast encryption techniques, any cloud user anonymously share the data with others. In addition, we analyze the security of our scheme with rigorous proofs, and demonstrate the efficiency of our scheme in experiments.
A Survey on Data Mining Classifiers for Face Verification

— Now a days the human face plays an important role in our social interaction, conveying peoples identity. Face recognition is a rapidly growing field today for many uses in the fields of biometric authentication, security and many other areas. An automatic face recognition system will find many applications such as human computer interface, model based video coding and security control systems. Face Recognition System is a computer application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a single frame from a video source. This can be done by comparing selected facial characteristics of the likeness and a facial database. The difficulties of face recognition arising from face characteristics, geometry, image quality and image content. In this paper there are different data mining classifiers are used for face verification. Also we shall see their advantages, disadvantages and solutions to overcome the problems.
A SURVEY ON SUPERVISED METHOD FOR DETECTION OF MALWARE

The Number of Android mobile devices has been increased in recent year. There are so many approaches for detection of android malware has been proposed by using permission or source code analysis or dynamic analysis. In this survey paper, we use a probabilistic discriminative model for detection of malware by using supervised method . It also show that probabilistic model based on regularized regression also it works well with permission. Furthermore this first research model achieves the best detection result code and application permission. In the previous work limited tool were used for analysis of the APK file, we will be using three of the most advanced tool for APK analysis namely 1.dex2jar, 2. Java Decompiler, 3.class file analyzer. These three tools will give us complete part of analysis for the existing system.
Synchronized Code Sequences from Spike Trains in Cultured Neuronal Networks

Neuronal networks are considered to involve spatiotemporal spike propagation fields. To investigate the spike propagation rules in detail, it is essential to spatially analyze spike propagation and the form of inter spike interval trains as time sequences. Although many methods to spatially analyze spike propagation have been proposed, spike trains have rarely been analyzed as time sequences. In this study, we tried to detect synchronized code sequences that were decoded from spike trains with particular synchronized delays to evaluate spatiotemporal spike propagation. As a result, we found significant synchronized code sequences with particular synchronized delays, even when the bit timing interval of the code sequence was shorter than the refractory period. This suggested that these code sequences were assembled by multiple neurons (neuronal group) and propagated from one neuronal group to another neuronal group, which is similar to the synfire chain developed by Abeles et al. Comparing the results with communication rules in artificial data communication systems, such as mobile phones, suggested that the detected synchronized code sequences play a role in communication rules that distinguish different communication channels and avoid data collision in the brain.
Bag-of-Surf and Spatial Pyramid Matching for Food Recognition and Calorie Extraction

: Now a days the diet control become habitat to persons all over the world. Hence, in this paper the estimation of calories from recognized food is explained using various algorithms. Basically, the main techniques for extraction of features are bag-of surf method and SPM method and also classification is based on support vector machine classification. The classification rate is about 86% and the results are examined based on the PFID dataset. This technique can also be experimented by using Android.
Validity and Reproducibility of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire in Assessing Calcium and Vitamin D Intake in Canadian Preschoolers

Background: The use of inaccurate dietary assessment methods jeopardizes the understanding of the relationship between diet and health. Vitamin D and calcium are important nutrients that support growing bone. To our knowledge, there is no validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) suitable for capturing usual intakes of vitamin D and calcium in preschool children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a brief semi-quantitative FFQ designed to assess usual vitamin D and calcium intakes of Canadian preschoolers attending day care using both dietary and biochemical comparators. Methods: The FFQ was validated on a subsample (n = 53) of a study assessing vitamin D intake and status of preschoolers in Montreal (n = 508). Dietary data was collected by observation at day care and dietary recall by caregivers for the 24-h assessment and a 30day FFQ. Dietary assessment was repeated within 30 days. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration in capillary blood samples was measured using a chemiluminescence assay (Liaison, Diasorin Inc.). Differences between groups were tested using paired t-tests or Mann–Whitney tests. Pearson or Spearman rank correlations were tested depending on the distribution of the data.
Colour Recognition for Blind and Colour Blind People

: - This paper purpose the study on tools aimed to assist blind and -blind people in their daily activities. Blind people face a number of challenges when interacting with their environments because so much information is encoded visually. Text is pervasively used to label objects, s carry special significance, and items can easily become lost in surroundings that cannot be quickly scanned. Many tools seek to help blind people solve these problems by enabling them to query for additional information, such as or text shown on the object. Our mission however not only solves this problem but also holds an edge over its counterparts. These ideas also useful for blind and -blind can detect and drivers drive as safely as drivers with normal vision. -blind drivers have difficulties recognizing traffic and vehicle signals. However, simple and practical solutions such as changes to the design and shape of signals will aid these drivers. A Matching function has been implemented as well that can be used to determine whether two objects have matching s or not.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE SIMUTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF MONTELUKAST SODIUM AND FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common conditions in clinical practice. The combination therapy of Montelukast sodium and Fexofenadine hydrochloride provides enhancing and complimentary effects, thereby reducing the symptoms effectively. Various analytical methods used for the simultaneous estimation of Montelukast sodium and Fexofenadine hydrochloride have been reviewed in this paper. These include Chromatography and spectroscopic methods to determine the amount of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids.
Image Annotation and Retrieval-An Overview

Structured knowledge models, such as semantic hierarchies and ontologies, appear to be a way to improve the accuracy of automatic image annotation. It allows modeling many valuable semantic relations between concepts based on image annotation using contextual and spatial relationships. Indeed, these relationships have been proved to be of prime importance for the understanding of image semantics. Moreover, such structured knowledge models about high-level concepts enable to reduce the complexity of the large-scale image annotation problem. The proposed paper discusses the different methods for the task of image annotation and retrieval.
Impact of the Board Structure on the Performance of Firms in Nigeria

The board of directors has long been recognized as an important corporate governance mechanism for aligning the interests of managers and all stakeholders to affirm. The need to adopt the right corporate governance mechanisms (board structure)for the purpose of such alignment is driven by the agency problem and the associated free rider problem that makes it difficult for any single investor or stakeholder to breathe cost of monitoring managers. The central role of board of directors in this process has therefore been recognized and in recent years has gained significant attraction for at least a couple of reasons. Firstly, both transition countries and other developing countries are struggling to attract resources for investment in an increasingly competitive global environment. Secondly, events at Enron and several other large corporations suggest the need for policies to promote board structure and other aspects of corporate governance. Accordingly, Oman et al., (2003) and Morck and Yeung, (2004) argue that different forms of ownership structures are associated with different sets of agency problems. In developed countries such as US and the UK where share ownership is widely diffused, agency problem is more common between managers and shareholders. In contrast, in developing countries such as Nigeria, Ghana and South-Africa, etc. have been characterized with concentrated equity ownership, agency problem is most predominant between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders.
Variation in Crop Co-Efficient of Maize Varieties under Irrigated Condition

A field study was conducted on clay loam soil at the research farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar during Kharif 2012 to determine the crop co-efficient of maize using two traditional (V 1 =Azam and V 2 =Jalal) and two hybrid (V 3 =3025W and V 4 =30K08) varieties having four replicates. Soil moisture was determined by gravimetric method, actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was worked out by field water balance taking into account soil moisture, rainfall, and irrigation water applied. The Potential evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated by Pan Evaporation method. Crop coefficient (Kc) was determined by dividing ETa over ETo for all growth stages. ETa of traditional maize variety V 1 was found lowest and highest for hybrid maize variety V 4 . Comparison of seasonal ETa of selected maize varieties showed that V 2 , V 3 and V 4 had 3, 24 and 34 % higher values compared to V 1 . ETa of V 1 varied between 2.7 to 4.8 mm d -1 , for V 2 between 2.6 to 5.2 mm d -1 , for V 3 between 3.3 to 6.2 mm d -1 and for V 4 between 3.4 to 6.5 mm d -1 . The seasonal ETa of selected varieties V 1 , V 2 , V 3 and V 4 was found 411, 422, 512 and 550 mm, respectively. Results showed that ETa of hybrid varieties was higher as compared to traditional varieties. Kc values of variety V 1 ranged from 0.38 to 0.87, for V 2 it ranged from 0.38 to 0.91, for V 3 ranged from 0.43 to 1.13 and for V 4 ranged from 0.47 to 1.19. It was concluded that FAO reported Kc values of a crop are generalized one for a wide range of climate therefore,Kc value of each crop variety should be investigated and used. Key w ords: Crop coefficient, Actual crop co-efficient, Reference crop co-efficient and Crop water requirement.
CONTROLLING A MOVEMENT OF ROBOTIC ARM USING LINEAR FLAT CONTROL METHOD

: The highly coupled nonlinear dynamics of robotic arm (6-DOF) is decoupled by with its variables as a function of a flat output and its derivative values. Hence the detailed expression of the flat output for the robotic arm is presented. With the flat output, each and every trajectories of the generalised coordinates are easily designed with the derivative values and open loop control is made possible. Using MATLAB/Simulink S-functions combined with the differential flatness property of the robot, trajectory tracking is carried out in closed loop by using a linear flat controller. The merit of this approach reduces the computational complexity of the robot dynamics by allowing online computation of a high order system at a lower computational cost. Using the same processor, the run time for tracking arbitrary trajectories is reduced significantly to about 10 seconds as compared to 30 minutes in the original study(1). The design is taken further by including a Jacobian transformation for tracking of trajectories in Cartesian space. Simulations’ using the robotic arm with full dynamics is used to validate the study.
Study and Analysis of Frequency Reuse for MU Massive MIMO Systems

- The high-speed data rate is the demand of current wireless communication. The speed of data depends on the utilization of resources and technology. In the current decade, the massive MIMO system is proposed in terms of multiple antennae and various diversity of frequency selection. The selection and utilization of frequency increase the efficiency of the allocated spectrum. The resource of the spectrum is limited; now, use the concept of frequency reuse. The frequency reuse increased channel allocation and enhanced the data rate. The reuse of frequency raised some problems in terms of interference and signal interference noise. These noise values degraded the fairness and throughput of communication models. The conventional communication beamforming cannot support the concept of massive MIMO for multiuser in this paper study and analysis of massive MIMO with the different conditions of frequency allocation scheme. Also, present the review of massive MIMO algorithms and limitation for the next-generation wireless communication.
Feasibility of Machine Learning Techniques to Reduce False Alarm in Intrusion Detection

-The sophisticated recent advances in networking increased the dependability of humans in Network technology everyday life. Now-a-days the number of attacks on networks got increased drastically. With the development of large open networks, security threats have increased significantly in the past two decades. So mitigating those attacks is one of the significant interests of researchers in the network security. The goal of an intrusion detection system is to provide a wall of defence to confront the attacks of computer systems on internet. Machine Learning algorithms have been successfully applied to intrusion detection; however the true positive and false positive trade-offs is always a major challenge in the choice of the algorithms. This paper explores the wide variety of machine learning algorithms focusing on the feasibility of these algorithms for the purpose of reducing false positives .