Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern, Pathways and Dynamics of EphA2 SAM and SHIP2 SAM Heterodimer Association Revealed by All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Characterizing the features that are important for protein-protein interactions is the cornerstone for understanding the structure, dynamics and function of protein complexes. In this study, we investigate the heterodimer association of SAM domains of the EphA2 receptor and SHIP2 enzyme by performing multi-microsecond all atom molecular dynamics simulations. In the native complex, the SAM domains interact using charged surfaces which are highly complementary. However, in simulations of 100-200 ns, most of the initial protein complexes are trapped into non-native configurations. However, a few SAM domains associate to form heterodimers from orientations that are close to those in the native-complex. In this case, only minor adjustments are needed, but in other trajectories, large configurational movements (sliding and pivoting) of one SAM domain on the protein surface of the other are seen. As part of this mechanism, dissociation-(re-)association events are observed as well, helping the formation of native-like complexes. Importantly, by slightly increasing the solvation of protein polar sidechain groups (scaling of the vdW interaction energy in the CHARMM36 potential function), the prediction of native-like SAM complexes is enhanced by more easily allowing configurational transitions and dissociation events. These observations likely point to a way for the improvement of computational predictions of protein-protein interactions and complexes in general.
Generation of nanosecond THz pulses using a high gain ring resonator with a semiconductor switch

A [Formula: see text] quasi-optical ring resonator consisting of an input coupler and three mirrors has been designed and tested. A low-loss silicon wafer in the ring provides output coupling of the stored power when irradiated by a pulse from a [Formula: see text] laser. The ring created [Formula: see text] output power pulses when excited by a [Formula: see text] continuously operating input source, achieving a power gain of 16. In a fully tuned ring, higher gain is achievable. If the ring was used with a pulsed input source having a pulse length of several times the fill time, the ring could be used as an efficient pulse compressor with similar high gain. The resonator has a wide range of applications, including, at low power, spectroscopy and, at high power, testing of accelerator structures and materials.
Robustness Consideration in Multi‐Criteria Decision Making to an Aircraft Selection Problem

In aircraft concept selection, uncertainties, resulting from economic noise variables such as fuel price, load factor, so on always exist in the decision making process. These uncertainties are often addressed using Taguchi loss functions for robustness analysis. The study presented in this paper is to utilize multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods to solve an aircraft concept selection problem for a hypothetical airline when considering the robustness of the decision. Three MCDM methods were used to conduct the concept selection, including ELimination and Choice Expressing REality, simple additive weighting and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution. In this study, robustness is introduced as an additional decision criterion in the aircraft selection process. The impact with and without robustness consideration is compared in order to demonstrate how the proposed method makes trade-offs between nominal performance and address uncertainty in the decision-making process. In addition, sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the influence of the decision criteria, especially robustness, on the final ranking of alternatives. The implementation of three MCDM methods on the aircraft selection problem also demonstrates the potential application of MCDM methods in the assessment of air transportation systems, while balancing economical, ecological, and technical constraints.
A Simple Edge Termination Design for Vertical GaN P-N Diodes

Vertical power devices require significant attention to their edge termination designs to obtain higher breakdown voltages without substantial increase in ON-state resistance. A simple edge termination structure for a GaN p-n diode is proposed, comprising a full layer lightly doped p-type GaN region underneath the higher doped <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p} +\! +$ </tex-math></inline-formula> contact layer. A TCAD model of the device is developed, and removal of the portions of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>++ cap outside of the device active area in simulations is shown to increase the device blocking voltage capability. It causes the depletion width to increase in the lightly doped p-type layer and allows it to act similar to a junction termination extension (JTE). These predictions are validated empirically, resulting in a 52% measured increase in breakdown capability after selective removal of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>++ cap. This simple edge termination technique can be formed with only a single low-energy nitrogen implant or etching procedure, greatly increasing its manufacturability over more complex structures. Design optimization studies are pursued in TCAD to determine optimal parameter values for further improving breakdown performance. It is shown that the proposed edge termination technique can be employed to produce future high voltage vertical GaN devices without a significant gain in ON-state resistance and with wide tolerance to process variations.
Modelling of Kelvin probe surface voltage and photovoltage in dielectric-semiconductor interfaces

The characterisation of dielectric-semiconductor interfaces via Kelvin probe surface voltage and photovoltage has become a widespread method of extracting the electrical properties influencing optoelectronic devices. Kelvin probe offers a versatile, contactless and vacuum-less technique able to provide useful insights into the electronic structure of semiconductor surfaces. Semiconductor theory has long been used to explain the observations from surface voltage measurements, often by making large assumptions about the characteristics of the system. In this work I report an updated theoretical treatment to model the results of Kelvin probe surface voltage and photovoltage measurements including four critical mechanisms: the concentration of charge stored in interface surface states, the charge stored in different locations of a surface dielectric thin film, the changes to effective lifetime and excess carrier density as a result of charge redistribution, and the non-uniformity of charge observed on most large scale thin film coatings used for passivation and optical improvement in optoelectronic devices. A full model is drawn and solved analytically to exemplify the role that these mechanisms have in surface voltage characterisation. The treatment in this work provides crucial understanding of the mechanisms that give rise to surface potential in semiconductors. As such this work will help the design and development of better optoelectronic devices.
Elecciones a gobernador en Tlaxcala 2021: análisis espacial del voto

El triunfo en la gubernatura de la coalición Juntos Haremos Historia en Tlaxcala, encabezada por los partidos Morena, Partido del Trabajo (PT), Verde Ecologista de México (PVEM), Nueva Alianza Tlaxcala (Panalt) y Partido Encuentro Social Tlaxcala (PEST), introdujo nuevamente en la entidad una alternancia política, después de que el Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) resultara ganador en las elecciones de 2010 y 2016. Para este trabajo se indaga en la espacialidad del voto de los comicios a gobernador, la cual presenta dependencia espacial, registrada desde los comicios de 1998. Metodológicamente, se realiza un análisis exploratorio de datos electorales por municipio. También se presenta de manera muy somera el contexto local de la elección, dado que Lorena Cuéllar Cisneros, segunda mujer en ocupar la principal figura a nivel local, representa la última generación de la élite política local formada en las filas del PRI.
The Competitiveness of Indonesian Craft as Creative Industries in the Global Market: A SWOT Analysis Approach

This research focused on the conditions of the craft as a creative industry in the global market by looking at aspects of its competition. This study aimed at analyzing strategies that can be formulated and become recommendations for stakeholders and exporters (MSMEs) and a reference for further research related to the creative industry. The SWOT-TOWS analysis shows that Indonesia has advantages in several aspects: the development and growth of cluster industries spread in various regions with their respective characteristics due to cultural influences. Therefore, each region has its own superior craft products, and the craft products that are in demand by foreign markets are jewelry and furniture crafts made of wood. Apart from that, what is currently in demand by foreign markets is wigs craft made of synthetic materials. Furthermore, according to statistical data, Indonesia leads the market share in the global market with a total market share reaching 35.1%. This condition shows that creative industrial products from Indonesia have their place in the global market.
NTM-Based Skill-Aware Knowledge Tracing for Conjunctive Skills

Knowledge tracing (KT) is the task of modelling students' knowledge state based on their historical interactions on intelligent tutoring systems. Existing KT models ignore the relevance among the multiple knowledge concepts of a question and characteristics of online tutoring systems. This paper proposes a neural Turing machine-based skill-aware knowledge tracing (NSKT) for conjunctive skills, which can capture the relevance among the knowledge concepts of a question to model students' knowledge state more accurately and to discover more latent relevance among knowledge concepts effectively. We analyze the characteristics of the three real-world KT datasets in depth. Experiments on real-world datasets show that NSKT outperforms the state-of-the-art deep KT models on the AUC of prediction. This paper explores details of the prediction process of NSKT in modelling students' knowledge state, as well as the relevance of knowledge concepts and conditional influences between exercises.
A Research on the Strategy of Integrating PBL with Curriculum Ideological and Political Elements – Taking College Mathematics as an Example

Taking college mathematics as an example, a questionnaire was designed for college mathematics teachers and students to fully comprehend the teaching situation. This paper mainly discusses the problems existing in the teaching of college mathematics and proposes the strategy of integrating PBL with curriculum ideological and political elements in college mathematics, so as to change the teaching process and improve the teaching quality.
A Restriction on the Duration and Peak Energy of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Two dimensional distributions of T-90 versus E-peak (or E-break) for three bright GRB samples have been investigated. The result shows that although both T-90 and E-peak (or E-break) each span over a wide range, they are restricted to the region log(T-90) less than or equal to -log(E-peak) + 5.24. This cannot be explained by the current fireball model. It may represent a constraint on the fireball model.
Elastic-Actuation Mechanism for Repetitive Hopping Based on Power Modulation and Cyclic Trajectory Generation

Animal locomotion results from a combination of power modulation and cyclic appendage trajectories, but combining these two properties in small-sized robots is difficult. Here, we introduce and characterize a new elastic actuation system based on an inverted cam that is capable of generating cyclic locomotion with controlled elastic energy charge and release for small-sized robots. We designed a leg linkage and attached to the inverted cam to develop a single legged hopping platform with one actuated degree of freedom. The hopping platform was able to continuously hop forward at 1.82 Hz. The average horizontal hopping distance was 18.7 cm, and the average forward speed was 0.34 m/s. This speed was corresponding to a Froude number of 0.14. The energy consumed for one hop was 2.09 J, and the corresponding energetic cost of transport was 6.43. The combination of inverted cam and cyclic trajectory generation has the potential to be used in other robotic applications, such as flapping wings in the air and tail fin waving in water.
Effect of Technology Readiness Towards Acceptance Technology in Using Information System

The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview of the level of technological readiness, acceptance and interest in using information systems in universities and the influence between these variables. Based on the purpose of the research method used is descriptive and verification. The sample in this study was administrative staff at one of the state universities in Bandung, Indonesia as many as 108 respondents who were taken by simple random sampling technique. The data analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is Partial Least Square (PLS) which is processed using Smart PLS 3.0 software. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was an influence of Technology Readiness on Perceived Usefulness through Perceived Ease Of Uses and its Impact on Use Intention. Variable perceived ease of use has a higher influence on perceived usefulness compared to readiness technology. And the effect of perceived usefulness on use intention is compared to perceived ease of use.
Rolls-Royce from the Wings 1925-1971
 Military Aviation. R. W. Harker. OBE. AE. Oxford
 Illustrated Press, Oxford. 1976. 168 pp.
 Illustrated. £4.95

Ronnie Harker has written a most readable book and one which should be read by all interested in aviation, and particularly those who wish to know what made Rolls-Royce 'tick'. Indeed, it gives an excellent picture of the make-up of this famous firm and the outstanding personalities who helped to build it up to world leadership in the manufacture of high duty aero engines. As would be expected, the genius of Hives and his human qualities stand out throughout the book. He was a truly great man and one has yet to meet his equal. Harker brings out very clearly the continuous fight the engine firms (still) have to get orders—to preserve their design and technical teams and their skilled workers, all of whom in this labour intensive field are the real strength of the company and the sole reason for its existence. He did an invaluable job in the effective liaison he established between the heads of the Armed Services and his firm. No one bettered him in this work, with his engineering training, experience as a pilot and the ability to get on with people. I knew Ronnie's father and had a great respect for him. He was then a Surgeon Captain and Chief Medical Officer of Tyneports. I can well understand how this far-seeing parent helped Ronnie and his brother. On page 6, there is a needed correction for history's sake: where the second p-iragraph states that the R (Schneider) engine was derived from the F or Kestrel. This was not so. The R engine evolved from the H or Buzzard (of some 850 bhp) which had a cylinder capacity of 36-6 litres, compared with that of the Kestrel of 21 litres. The Merlin, to come later, had a capacity of 27 litres. Looking back, probably the most important individual effort of Ronnie Harker's was getting the Merlin into the Mustang (P-51B), ably supported by the energetic Ray Dorey. Then, after the war his attempt to get the Avon installed in the Dassault Mirage, while laudable, failed mainly because of the decisiveness of the French to sell their products and the dithering of British officialdom. I could expand on this and many other happenings at Derby between the two world wars and during the Second World War, having been privileged to help them on fuel and valve problems from 1927 onwards. The traumatic events leading to the liquidation of Rolls in 1971, when the Government of the time made no attempt to save the firm, was both costly and unnecessary from almost every point of view—with hindsight, the subsequent feeding of ill-organised and strike-ridden firms with taxpayers' money is the more heinous. And who shall say there was anything basically wrong with the firm that served our Country so well. Help was so urgently needed and not given. A few not too strong criticisms; the editing could have been better and the misspelling of well-known names is irritating; there is no index and a few dates through the book would have helped the reader. AIR CDRE F. R. BANKS
Active damping control of HEVs using Ansys and Matlab/Simulink software

This paper presents Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) powertrain design as well as a motor-based control approach that is designed to control or reduce driveline oscillations by introducing a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and a Fuzzy logic sliding mode controller. Because the torque of the electric motor can be decreased or increased more quickly than that of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), the vibration increases significantly. To solve this problem, an electric motor control-based Active Damping Control (ADC) strategy is employed to assure smooth driveline function and provide seamless driving experience for the driver. First, the basic level modeling of a hybrid electric powertrain in Ansys Simplorer environment is created and the performance was studied during the certification drive cycle. Thus, the main components of the powertrain– traction motor, battery and ICE – are researched, and basic models were built. The components were developed based on the Ansys software by using an automotive system level behavioral HEV library with VHDL-AMS language built in Ansys Simplorer environment. In addition, comparison of both controllers was presented. The simulation results show that using the ADC reduces more than 30 % of the driveline oscillations, thereby improving the drivability of HEVs.
Temperature field in a solid surrounding a migrating heat source

The present research is related to contact melting by a moving heat source of arbitrary shape. Heat conduction in the melting material is governed by a 3D differential equation, where the thermal conductivity of the surrounding material is assumed to be strongly temperature dependent. By using the Green's formula, the boundary value problem is converted to the boundary integral equation. This nonlinear equation is solved numerically by iterations utilizing the boundary element method. Different shapes of heat sources are investigated. Since the obtained integral equation is the Fredholm-type equation of the first kind and belongs to the family of so-called ill-posed problems, supplementary computations that verify the stability of numerical algorithm are provided. For the special cases associated with thermodrilling technology, some analytical estimations and solutions are obtained. Particularly, if the melting velocity is high (ePe>10), asymptotic solutions are found. In this case the integral equation is significantly reduced, simplifying the computations. Numerical results are in good agreement with the closed-form solutions available for the elliptical shape of a solid-liquid interface.
HMM Based Adaptive Kalman Filter for Orientation Estimation

An adaptive orientation estimation method based on hidden Markov model (HMM) using multiple Magnetic Angular Rate Gravity (MARG) sensor is proposed to address the problem of linear acceleration and ferromagnetic disturbance. Two parallel Kalman filters containing first-order Gauss-Markov disturbance models are implemented to estimate the disturbances before estimating the orientation. It is important that the noise covariance of the disturbance model should match the magnitude of the disturbance to ensure the estimation performance; otherwise, the disturbance estimation accuracy will reduce significantly. Therefore, an adaptive Kalman filter based on HMM is designed to adjust the disturbance noise covariance. After the disturbances are separated, the estimated gravity acceleration and geomagnetic field as well as the gyroscope measurement are taken as the inputs, and the orientation estimation procedure is established by using the multiplicative extended Kalman filter (MEKF). Experiments show that the proposed method achieves a higher level of accuracy in comparison with other orientation estimation methods under various conditions.
The skew growth functions $N_{M, \mathrm{deg}}(t)$ for the monoid of type $\mathrm{B_{ii}}$ and others

Let $M$ be a positive homogeneously presented cancellative monoid ${ }_{mo}$ equipped with the degree map $\deg:M \to \Z_{\ge0}$ defined by assigning to each equivalence class of words the length of the words, and let $P_{M, \deg}(t):= \sum_{u \in\ M}t^{\deg(u)}$ be its generating series, called the growth function. If $M$ satisfies the condition that any subset $J$ of $I_0$ ($:=$ the image of the set $L$ in $M$) admits either the least right common multiple $\Delta_{J}$ or no common multiple in $M$, then the inversion function $P_{M, \deg}(t)^{-1}$ is given by the polynomial $\sum_{J \subset I_{0}}(-1)^{#J} t^{\deg(\Delta_{J})}$, where the summation index $J$ runs over all subsets of $I_0$ whose least right common multiple exists. Since a monoid $M$ generally may not admit the least right common multiple $\Delta_{J}$ for a given subset $J$ of it, if we attempt to generalize the formula, the consideration to obtain the above formula is invalid. To resolve this obstruction, we will examine the set $\mathrm{mcm}(J)$ of minimal common right multiples of $J$. Then, we need to introduce a concept of a tower of minimal common multiples of elements of $M$ and denote the set of all the towers in $M$ by $\mathrm{Tmcm}(M)$. Considering the structure of the set $\mathrm{Tmcm}(M)$, K. Saito has proved the inversion formula \[ P_{M,\deg}(t). N_{M,\deg}(t)=1, \] where the second factor in LHS is a suitably signed generating series \[ N_{M,\deg}(t):= 1 + \sum_{T\in \mathrm{Tmcm}(M)}(-1)^{#J_1+. +#J_{n}-n+1}\sum_{\Delta\in \mathrm{mcm}(J_n)} t^{\deg(\Delta)}, \] called the skew growth function. In this article, we present several explicit calculations of examples of the skew growth functions for the monoid of type $\mathrm{B_{ii}}$ and others whose towers do not stop on the first stage $J_1$.