Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of a novel dietary supplement (Relaxigen Pet dog®) on the fecal microbiome and stress- 1 related behaviors in dogs

Protracted stressful events determine behavioral and alterations and Furthermore, it was observed that anxiety and stress trigger functional gastrointestinal disorders, whereas the appearance of gastrointestinal symptoms can significantly increase anxiety and depression levels; also, the intestine and the brain are 31 connected in what is today called the “gut-brain axis”, a bi-directional communication of the 32 nervous, endocrine and immune type et al., 2017). This clinical trial aims to investigate the 33 effects of a novel dietary supplement (Relaxigen Pet dog®) endowed with natural anti- 34 inflammatory compounds (CLA, Krill), pre/probiotics, 5-HTP and L-theanine on stress-related 35 behavior and deepen on the connection between these stress-related behaviors and fecal 36 microbiome in dogs. Forty dogs, ranging in ages from 1 to 10 years, took part in this double-blind 37 placebo clinical trial: 30 dogs with signs of stress and anxiety (randomly divided in “therapy” and 38 “placebo” group) and 10 control dogs. The therapy sample group (20 dogs balanced for sex) was 39 administered with Relaxigen pet dog® and the placebo one (10 dogs balanced for sex) with a 40 placebo for 60 days. A basic history questionnaire focused on all aspects of dog’s behavior, 41 management, and health issue was collected at time 0, 30 days and 60 days for each dog, including 42 several variables on signs of stress and anxiety using a 0-5 Likert scale. For each dog of the three 43 groups, a fecal sampling was collected at time 0 and for the “therapy” and “placebo” group also at 44 30 and 60 days so to extract the DNA for microbiological analysis and determine the leading 45 bacterial group using a Quantitative Real-Time PCR. The Anova showed an influence of the 46 treatment in conjunction with the time passed, and during the same period, the group that received the treatment had a probability of improving greater than 10% (p≤0.05). Moreover, the results of this study highlighted a different structure of the intestinal microbiota between healthy and dogs with stress-related behaviors. Supplementation with the Relaxigen 50 product has determined some changes in the concentration of bacterial groups taken into account. 51 Further works are needed to investigate whether the conclusion drawn from this population can be 52 generalized to dogs with different problem behavior and to deepen the relationship between these 53 disorders and the gut-brain axis.
Refraction corrected transmission imaging based on B´ezier curves: ﬁrst results with KIT 3D USCT

The computational complexity of wave-based image ultrasound transmission reconstructions is very high especially in 3D. Hence, ray-based approximations are often used. Bent ray approaches like the fast marching method are time-consuming in comparison to the straight ray approximation. The B´ezier curve technique for refraction approximation, introduced by Perez-Liva et al., could be a compromise between computational effort and image quality. In this work, the method was extended to 3D and an evaluation on two 3D datasets was carried out. The ﬁrst dataset was simulated with the k-wave toolbox, with hemispherically arranged emitters and receivers and a sound speed inhomogeneity. With a mean squared error of 9.98 m/s the method produces similar results as the fast marching method (11.85 m/s). The object size is represented better in comparison to the straight ray method. Applied to real data of the KIT 3D USCT both methods performed similarly. The object size was better preserved using bent ray methods. The B´ezier bent ray method shows ﬁrst promising results in 3D as it leads to similar results than the fast marching method.
Power Efficient Adiabatic Switching Circuits

This paper deals with design opportunities of CMOS based reversible logic circuits employing adiabatic switching methods. The power dissipation an important characteristics are tested by means of SPICE circuit simulation techniques for a CMOS transmission gate based reversible logic circuits, such as Controlled Not gates & Controlled Controlled Not gate. Results from both conventional and adiabatic logic switching simulations are compared. The breakdown of adiabatic operation for these reversible circuits, due to the finite threshold voltages, is tested by checking the logic circuit node current/voltage transient waveform during the logic switching transitions. On the basis of simulation results conclusion has been derived that the performance of reversible logic circuits employing adiabatic switching is better than conventional switching in terms of a factor-power dissipation.
University of Birmingham Dopamine modulates reward-related vigor

Subjects routinely control the vigor with which they emit motoric responses. However the bulk of formal treatments of decision-making ignores this dimension of choice. A recent theoretical study suggested that action vigor should be influenced by experienced average reward rate, and that this rate is encoded by tonic dopamine in the brain. We previously examined how average reward rate modulates vigor as exemplified by response times, and found a measure of agreement with the first suggestion. In the current study we examined the second suggestion, namely the potential influence of dopamine signaling on vigor. Ninety healthy subjects participated in a double-blind experiment in which they received one of the following: placebo, L-DOPA (which increases dopamine levels in the brain) or citalopram (which affects brain serotonin levels). Subjects performed multiple trials of a rewarded odd-ball discrimination task in which we varied the potential reward over time in order to exercise the putative link between vigor and average reward rate. As before, we found a significant fraction of the variance in subjects' responses could be explained by our experimentally manipulated changes in average reward rate. Crucially, this relationship was significantly stronger under L-Dopa than under Placebo, suggesting the impact of average reward levels on action vigor is indeed subject to a dopaminergic influence.
Development of a mathematical formula and online tool to calculate the potential maximum flap width to allow for primary anterolateral thigh donor‐site closure in Caucasians

Primary anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap donor‐site closure is crucial to achieve patient satisfaction, avoid burdensome secondary surgeries, and avert poor outcomes. Only vague maximum flap width recommendations have been suggested, which fall short of acknowledging individual patient habitus and thigh morphology. Therefore, we aimed at identifying a user‐friendly preoperative calculation of maximum flap width for primary closure.
The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO3]+

Abstract Although the highest possible oxidation states of all transition elements are rare, they are not only of fundamental interest but also relevant as potentially strong oxidizing agents. In general, the highest oxidation states are found in the electron‐rich late transition elements of groups 7–9 of the periodic table. Rhodium is the first element of the 4d transition metal series for which the highest known oxidation state does not equal its group number of 9, but reaches only a significantly lower value of +6 in exceptional cases. Higher oxidation states of rhodium have remained elusive so far. In a combined mass spectrometry, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum‐chemical study of gas‐phaseRhOn+ (n=1–4), we identify RhO3+ as the 1A1' trioxidorhodium(VII) cation, the first chemical species to contain rhodium in the +7 oxidation state, which is the third‐highest oxidation state experimentally verified among all elements in the periodic table.
Toward a View of Complementarity: Trust and Policy Influence Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Political Activity (CPA)

The extant literature argues that non-market strategies can establish, sustain, or enhance a firm’s competitive advantage. Less clear is how and why effective non-market strategies influence a firm’s competitiveness. Moreover, the extant literature tends to examine the two building blocks of non-market strategy—corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate political activity (CPA)—separately. In this paper we extend trust to the non-market environment. We analyze how CSR and CPA complement each other to create strong trust between firms and the polity, and how they consequently influence government policy. We show the mediating role of trust in policy influence, and argue that CSR and CPA should be aligned for the successful influence of salient government policy.
Tunable Schottky barrier in Janus-XGa2 Y/Graphene (X/Y = S, Se, Te; X ≠ Y) van der Waals heterostructures

Two-dimensional (2D) Janus materials have attracted significant attention due to their asymmetrical structures and unique electronic properties. In this work, by using the first-principles calculation based on density functional theory, we systematically investigate the electronic properties of 6 types of Janus-XGa2 Y/Graphene van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). The results show that the Janus-XGa2 Y/Graphene vdWHs are connected by weak interlayer vdW forces and can form n-type Schottky contact, p-type Schottky contact or Ohmic contact when the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is not considered. However, when considering SOC, only the SeGa2S/G and G/SeGa2S vdWHs show n-type Schottky contact, and other vdWHs show Ohmic contacts. In addition, the Schottky barriers and contact types of SeGa2S/Graphene and Graphene/SeGa2S vdWHs can be effectively modulated by interlayer distance and biaxial strain. They can be transformed from intrinsic n-type Schottky contact to p-type Schottky contact when the interlayer distances are smaller than 2.65 Å and 2.90 Å, respectively. They can also be transformed to Ohmic contact by applying external biaxial strain. Our work can provide useful guidelines for designing Schottky nanodiodes, field effect transistors or other low-resistance nanodevices based on the 2D vdWHs.
The Feasibility of a Mindfulness Intervention for Depression in People with Mild Dementia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT Objectives This preliminary study aimed to establish the feasibility of running an adapted Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) intervention for people with mild dementia and depression. It also aimed to conduct an exploratory analysis as to whether the MBCT intervention would lead to greater improvements in measures of depression, anxiety, quality of life and cognition, as compared to treatment as usual (TAU). Methods A single-blind, multisite, feasibility randomized controlled trial was used. People with dementia and depression were recruited from participating memory services. Twenty participants were randomized to either an adapted MBCT and TAU group (n = 10) or TAU (n = 10). Measures of depression, anxiety, quality of life (QOL), and cognition were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Results The intervention was feasible in terms of high attendance and low levels of attrition. It was not judged feasible to recruit enough participants within the recruitment time-frame. The MBCT group did not show significant improvements in depression, anxiety, QOL, and cognition at follow-up, as compared to TAU. Conclusion There is currently inadequate evidence to recommend this adapted MBCT intervention for people with dementia for the treatment of depression within memory services. The MBCT intervention needs redevelopment and piloting before further testing in an RCT.
Interventions for proximal humeral fractures: key messages from a Cochrane review

This article is based on a Cochrane Review published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) 2022, Issue 6,DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000434. pub5. (see www.cochranelibrary.com for information).
Characterizing driver speeding behavior when using partial-automation in real-world driving

Abstract Objective: Speeding is a prevalent and complex risky behavior that can be affected by many factors. Understanding how drivers speed is important for developing countermeasures, especially as new automation features emerge. The current study seeks to identify and describe types of real-world speeding behaviors with and without the use of partial-automation. Methods: This study used a combination of supervised and unsupervised data analysis techniques to assess relevant factors in real-world speeding epochs, extracted from the MIT Advanced Vehicle Technology Naturalistic Driving Study, and classified them into distinct speeding behaviors. Speeding epochs were defined as traveling at least 5 mph over the speed limit for a minimum duration of 3 s. Vehicle speed-exceedance profiles were characterized over time using Dynamic Time Warping and included in multivariate models that evaluated the associations between different features of the speeding epochs, such as speeding duration and magnitude. Finally, the identified features were used to cluster speeding behaviors using the Gower dissimilarity measure. Results: The analysis yielded four types of behaviors in both partially-automated and manual driving: (i) Incidental speeding (low duration, low magnitude), (ii) Moderate speeding (low duration, moderate magnitude), (iii) Elevated speeding (moderate duration, high magnitude), and (iv) Extended speeding (long duration, high magnitude). When comparing the behaviors with and without partial-automation use, both Incidental and Moderate speeding were found to have significantly longer durations with partial-automation than manual driving. Elevated speeding was found to be more prevalent and associated with higher magnitudes during manual than with partially-automated driving. Finally, although Extended speeding was more prevalent during automation use, it was associated with a lower mean and maximum speed magnitude compared to Extended speeding during manual driving. Conclusions: This work highlights the variability in speeding behavior between and within partially-automated and manual driving. The design of systems that mitigate risky speeding behaviors should consider targeting divergent behaviors observed between manual and automated driving as a mechanism to mitigate the prevalence of the different behaviors associated with each state.
Vertical firm structure and industry evolution

The analysis presented here suggests that the evolution of vertical ﬁrm structure depends on contextual factors that differ in their impact across industries and produce different patterns of vertical ﬁrm structure. These contextual factors make it possible to account for speciﬁc features of the evolution of vertical ﬁrm structure using a systematic approach that evaluates the same contextual factors in every industry. The automobile and aluminum industries illustrate how these contextual factors can explain the evolution of vertical ﬁrm structure. A great deal of . work has been done on vertical firm structure . but it does not directly address the evolution of vertical firm structure in new industries. contextual in different vertical in using contextual factors in every
Trends in Malnutrition Indicators from Birth to Adolescence in Rural KOKAN Region of Western India

In India non-communicable diseases contribute substantially to disease burden. Infectious diseases and under-nutrition are also widespread. Inadequate nutrition is the major cause of morbidity as well as mortality in Indian children. Prevalence of underweight and stunting is high. We assessed anthropometric morbidity (underweight, stunting and wasting) among children from 0 (at birth) to 18 years of age in Dervan area of KOKAN region. Methods: Data on anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI) of 32138 children was collected over a period of 8 years as a part of various holistic education programs run by the hospital in the surrounding communities. The nutritional status of children was assessed using WHO definition of low birth weight, stunting, underweight and wasting. Results: At birth Prevalence of low birth weight and wasting remained similar over 3 successive years (43%, 46% and 42%) but that of stunting decreased (49%, 41% and 37%) and underweight increased (25%, 33%, 33%). During early and late childhood the prevalence of stunting continued to increase, while that of underweight and wasting continued to decrease over a period of 8 years. Stunting was on the rise while underweight was on decline in adolescence over a period of 8 years. Conclusion: Almost one third of children in DERVAN area were underweight and stunted. For the attainment of best possible nutrition and growth in children, there is a need to develop strategies which are short term (nutritional interventions and reducing the risk factors) as well as long term (poverty reduction and improved food security) birth weight and the results showed the inverse association of birthweight with risk of type2 diabetes in adult life [8]. Ultimately these Low birth weight infants grow to become undernourished and stunted children. The global rise in the prevalence of obesity and type2 diabetes is often attributed to changes in diet (frequent consumption of calorically dense foods) and sedentary lifestyles (physical inactivity) [9]. Epidemiological studies in humans [10] and animal studies [11] have now shown that nutritional insults in early life affect metabolic and physiological functions throughout life. An evaluation of childhood growth provides useful insights into the nutrition and health situation not only of individuals but also of entire population groups. It demonstrates how such data, when used judiciously, can permit the identification of risk groups, contribute to the development of appropriate food and nutrition policies, and serve as a baseline against which change over time can be realistically evaluated.
One stop processing of automatic large-scale base map production using airborne lidar data within gis environment case study: Makassar City, Indonesia

: LiDAR data acquisition is recognized as one of the fastest solutions to provide basis data for large-scale topographical base maps worldwide. Automatic LiDAR processing is believed one possible scheme to accelerate the large-scale topographic base map provision by the Geospatial Information Agency in Indonesia. As a progressive advanced technology, Geographic Information System (GIS) open possibilities to deal with geospatial data automatic processing and analyses. Considering further needs of spatial data sharing and integration, the one stop processing of LiDAR data in a GIS environment is considered a powerful and efficient approach for the base map provision. The quality of the automated topographic base map is assessed and analysed based on its completeness, correctness, quality, and the confusion matrix .
Bio-mechanically driven MEMS power generator for implantable medical devices.

The design, fabrication, and mounting scheme o f a novel bio-mechanically driven MEMS power generator for implantable medical devices is presented and optimized for use in cardiac pacemakers. In the system, an asymmetrical planar rotor embedded with microfabricated NdFeB altemate-polarity permanent magnets oscillates around a central shaft due to the thorax motion during breathing to induce a voltage in two microfabricated planar copper coils embedded in two stators. The microgenerator does not need any external supply o f fluid, as necessary in some other types of microgenerators. Two different rotor geometries: a semicircular one and a circular one with a destabilizer have been investigated. With a 1 x 1 mm2 rotor footprint area the semicircular rotor microgenerator is capable o f generating 397 pW RMS power with 1.0 V open circuit RMS voltage per stator. The circular rotor microgenerator has a rotor footprint area o f 3 x 3 mm2 and can generate 59.73 mW RMS power with 9.0 V open circuit RMS voltage per stator. The generated voltage and power arc sufficient to meet the power requirements o f a typical cardiac pacemaker. Scaled or stacked versions o f the microgenerator can be used to satisfy power requirements o f other medical devices exploiting other biomechanical actuation sources, e.g. head turning. The generator occupies a much smaller volume compared to existing cardiac pacemaker batteries and offers substantially longer life. This can aid in developing smaller pacemakers and in minimizing the frequency and associated risk and cost of invasive surgeries necessary for replacement of the implant once its battery has been exhausted. R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission.
The Impact Of Entrepreneurs Characteristics Of Private Jordanian Universities Leaders On Strategic Performance: The Mediating Role Of Strategic Planning

: This study aimed to Identify the impact of entrepreneurial leaders' characteristics on strategic performance, as measured by the balanced scorecard with the presence of strategic planning as an intermediate variable in Jordanian private universities. This study is classified in terms of nature as an empirical study. The study population is represented by the Jordanian private universities in the northern region, the number of which is (5) universities, and the analysis unit consisted of deans in universities and their deputies. The results showed that the entrepreneurs characteristics affect the strategic performance in Jordanian private universities. And the entrepreneur‘s characteristics have an important effect on the level of strategic planning, and that Strategic planning improves the performance of Jordanian private universities. The results also showed that strategic planning partially mediated the relation between entrepreneurs‘ characteristics and strategic performance. The mediation effect is significant as indirect effect of entrepreneur‘s characteristics on strategic performance is due to the mediator. Based on the results reached, the study recommends the necessity to enhance the characteristics of entrepreneurs among university leaders in Jordan, and to pay attention to strategic planning because of its effective role in enhancing strategic performance. And an effective performance measurement system must be adopted that combines financial and non-financial performance measures and links short-term goals with long-term goals in universities.
Formant transitions as partly distinctive Invariant properties in the identification of voiced stops 1

:The F2 trajectories for /b, d, g/ in /CVd/ syllables are often summarized by the initial F2 frequency (F2i) and that of the “steady-state vowel” (F2v). Trajectories were measured for 660 Canadian English /CVd/ syllables (3 stops x 11 vowels x 10 speakers x 2 repetitions). Plots for each stop (vowels pooled) indicated a strong linear relationship between F2i and F2v. A regression line fitted to each plot represents an invariant relational property of the corresponding consonant. F2 trajectories are not sufficient to specify the stops uniquely, since the lines for the three consonants intersect (indicating category overlap). However, the slopes and intercepts for the three consonants are distinct and thus represent partly distinctive invariant properties or partial invariants. Similar patterns obtain for F3. Use of partial invariants of F2/F3 trajectories in a classification algorithm (based on minimum distance from category regression lines) result in an identification rate of over 70%, which compares favorably with a number of other statistical classification schemes. Possible extensions of this approach and relationships to aspects of perception are discussed.