Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Agricultural-Grade Apple Cider Vinegar Is Remarkably Attractive to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophiliadae) in Mexico

Due to its availability and low cost, apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a frequently used as an attractant for monitoring the invasive spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. In laboratory cage experiments, the attraction of ACV alone was compared with ACV in mixtures with different concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, different hydrolyzed proteins, synthetic fruit flavors (strawberry, blackberry and apple) and the addition of fruit nectars (grape, pineapple and apple). The addition of 5% apple nectar to ACV significantly increased fly captures, whereas other combinations were similar to or less attractive than ACV alone. Apple flavored vinegar was not attractive to flies. Captures did not vary significantly among the brands of ACV commonly sold in Mexico, except for one poorly-performing brand, but cup traps baited with an agricultural-grade ACV unfit for human consumption captured approximately two-fold more flies than the commercial attractants Suzukii Trap, Suzukii Trap Max Captures or ACV alone in cage experiments. Field trials performed in polytunnels planted with raspberry crops in Mexico resulted in two-fold to ten-fold higher numbers of D. suzukii captured by the agricultural-grade ACV compared to Droskidrink (a mixture of ACV, red wine and sugar), Suzukii Trap, Suzukii Trap Max Captures or edible grade ACV alone. The species selectivity of the agricultural grade ACV was similar to that of other attractants tested. Agricultural-grade ACV also captured higher numbers of female than male flies in field trials. We conclude that the remarkably high attractiveness and low cost of agricultural-grade ACV makes it a useful tool for monitoring D. suzukii populations in berry crops.
Inhibition of Fertility and Functional Alteration in the Genital Organs of Male Swiss Albino Mouse After Administration of Calotropis procera Flower Extract

Intramuscular administration of aqueous and ethanolic flower extracts of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. at doses of 10.0 or 5.0 mg/mouse/alternate day for a period of 20 days to sexually mature male albino mice induced functional sterility without loss of libido and sexual behaviour as evidenced by total inhibition of nidation in cycling parous female mice mated with the substance-treated males. The antifertility effect can be conjecturally attributed to the highly reduced sperm concentration and altered biochemistry of the genital organs. Glycogen, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase content of the examined reproductive tissues exhibited a statistically significant increase in comparison to the control values, while sialic acid and acid phosphatase values were depleted. Also, the net weight of the testes and sex accessories were significantly reduced. Histologic profiles of the testes revealed extensive deleterious changes in the germinal tubules which contained mainly necrotic and degenerating germ cells. Further, the epididymal lumina appeared devoid of spermatozoa and exhibited mainly cell debris. The present results indicate that C. procera flower has a potent antispermatogenic activity in the albino mouse, but at the doses and experimental regimen employed, had no apparent effect on sexual behaviour or libido.
Postnatal alcohol exposure and adolescent exercise have opposite effects on cerebellar microglia in rat

Developmental alcohol exposure results in altered neuroimmune function in both humans and rodents. Given the critical role for the principle neuroimmune cell, microglia, in maintaining synaptic form and function, microglial dysfunction in the cerebellum may be an important mechanism underlying the aberrant cerebellar connectivity observed in rodent models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Using an established rodent model of alcohol exposure during human third‐trimester fetal development, we examine the cerebellum of male and female Long Evans rats to determine the impact of early postnatal alcohol exposure on cerebellar microglia, and the potential therapeutic effects of an adolescent intervention consisting of voluntary exercise (running). All cerebelli were examined at postnatal day 42 (i.e., late adolescence), and microglia were labeled with Iba1, a microglia‐specific protein. Early postnatal alcohol exposure caused an increase in microglial density throughout cerebellum and a reduction in cerebellar volume, and a reduction in the proportion of fully ramified (often called “resting state”) microglia selective to lobules 1–4. In contrast, adolescent exercise decreased microglial density throughout cerebellum and increased cerebellar volume, while activating microglia (as indicated by increases in amoeboid microglia, and reductions in fully and partially ramified microglia) selectively in lobules 1–4. These results suggest that adolescent exercise may be a suitable intervention to ameliorate alcohol‐induced neuroimmune dysfunction as it alters microglia density and cerebellar volume in opposite to the effects of developmental alcohol exposure. Importantly, exercise intervention can be flexibly implemented well after the time window of vulnerability to alcohol.
High-resolution and large field-of-view Fourier ptychographic microscopy and its applications in biomedicine

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a promising and fast-growing computational imaging technique with high resolution, wide field-of-view (FOV) and quantitative phase recovery, which effectively tackles the problems of phase loss, aberration-introduced artifacts, narrow depth-of-field and the trade-off between resolution and FOV in conventional microscopy simultaneously. In this review, we provide a comprehensive roadmap of microscopy, the fundamental principles, advantages, and drawbacks of existing imaging techniques, and the significant roles that FPM plays in the development of science. Since FPM is an optimization problem in nature, we discuss the framework and related work. We also reveal the connection of Euler’s formula between FPM and structured illumination microscopy. We review recent advances in FPM, including the implementation of high-precision quantitative phase imaging, high-throughput imaging, high-speed imaging, three-dimensional imaging, mixed-state decoupling, and introduce the prosperous biomedical applications. We conclude by discussing the challenging problems and future applications. FPM can be extended to a kind of framework to tackle the phase loss and system limits in the imaging system. This insight can be used easily in speckle imaging, incoherent imaging for retina imaging, large-FOV fluorescence imaging, etc.
The effect of the interaction of varying chicken manure supplement levels with three different solid sisal wastes substrates on sporocarp cap lengths and diameters, stipe lengths and diameters and dry weights of Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff) S. Gray s.lat

Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff) S. Gray s.lat is an indigenous Tanzanian edible and medicinal mushroom, which grows in the wild on decomposed sisal wastes heaps. In the laboratory, it was cultivated on three types of sisal wastes substrates each supplemented with varying chicken manure concentrations 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% using solid-state fermentation bioreactors. The results showed that the interaction of sisal dust, sisal fibres and sisal decortications leaves wastes substrates with chicken manure at varying concentrations, produced a highly significant effect (p < 0.05) on cap lengths and diameters, stipe lengths and diameters and dry weights of C. cinereus (Schaeff) S. Gray s.lat. The interactions of sisal dust waste with 5% chicken manure concentration induced longest mean cap length and widest mean cap diameter. On the other hand, the interaction of sisal leaves decortications wastes with 25% chicken manure concentration produced heaviest sporocarps mean dry weight. These findings for the first time illustrate importance of chicken manure supplementation in C. cinereus (Schaeff) S. Gray s.lat cultivation on sisal decortications wastes substrates.
Comparison of the antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents in some Stachys species

The methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of nine Stachys species: S. persica Gmel. , S. fruticulosa M. B. , S. laxa Boiss. & Buhse. , S. inflata Benth. , S. turcomanica Trautv. , S. subaphylla Rech. F. , S. setifera C. A. Mey. , S. byzantina C. Koch and S. trinervis Aitch. & Hemsl. were investigated for their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content using FRAP and Folin-Ciocalteu assays respectively. S. persica Gmel. and S. fruticulosa M. B. had the highest antioxidant activity (61.42 and 62.02 mmol FeII/100g) and total phenolic content (3294.96 and 4450.36 mg gallic acid/100 g) among these nine species. There was a direct correlation between total phenol and antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.9446, p  0.001) which indicates that polyphenols are the main antioxidants.
Membrane transporters in the bioproduction of organic acids: state of the art and future perspectives for industrial applications

ABSTRACT Organic acids such as monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids or even more complex molecules such as sugar acids, have displayed great applicability in the industry as these compounds are used as platform chemicals for polymer, food, agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors. Chemical synthesis of these compounds from petroleum derivatives is currently their major source of production. However, increasing environmental concerns have prompted the production of organic acids by microorganisms. The current trend is the exploitation of industrial biowastes to sustain microbial cell growth and valorize biomass conversion into organic acids. One of the major bottlenecks for the efficient and cost-effective bioproduction is the export of organic acids through the microbial plasma membrane. Membrane transporter proteins are crucial elements for the optimization of substrate import and final product export. Several transporters have been expressed in organic acid-producing species, resulting in increased final product titers in the extracellular medium and higher productivity levels. In this review, the state of the art of plasma membrane transport of organic acids is presented, along with the implications for industrial biotechnology.
An empirical study of continuous use behavior in virtual learning community

A virtual learning community (VLC) is a learning-based integrated platform based on a network sharing mechanism. In a VLC, users are not only the extractors of knowledge results but also the source of the platform knowledge base. The continuous knowledge sharing and communication of VLC users promote the sustainable development of the community. Studying the continuous use behavior of users in the VLC for the sustainable development of the community is of great importance. This study introduces the perceptual normativeness, perceptual enjoyment, perceptual interactivity, and perceptual value variables on the basis of the extended expectation confirmation model of the information system continuance model. After checking and correcting the prediction questionnaire twice, we adopted the "Questionnaire Star" network system to distribute the questionnaire and conducted offline questionnaire surveys of borrowers of Shandong University Library, University of Jinan Library, and Shandong Library. A theoretical model of the continuous use behavior of users in the VLC is constructed using the structural equation model. The survey data were empirically analyzed to explore the influencing factors and mechanism of the continuous use behavior of users in the VLC. Interaction perception, value perception, and perceptual normativeness exerted a significant positive impact on user-perceived usefulness and expectation confirmation, whereas perceptual enjoyment had little effect on perceived usefulness. This study also summarized the relationship between users’ continuous use behavior, continuous willingness and perceived usefulness, expectation confirmation, satisfaction, self-efficacy, and contributing factors in the VLC on the basis of the data results. Suggestions for solving the identified problems are put forward.
Long-Term Combined Training in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Case Study

A supervised combined training program was applied to a sedentary 56-year-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) along three years, until lung transplantation. It included: (a) aerobic continuous (CT) and interval training (IT), (b) high load resistance training (RT) and (c) inspiratory muscle training (IMT). IT and IMT were applied for two years, while CT and RT could be maintained until transplantation using supplemental oxygen. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) kept above 180 cm H2O and forced vital capacity (FVC) remained stable until lung transplantation. Peak oxygen uptake VO2 increased during 1.5 years before its decline, staying above the poor prognosis level two years. Finally, the patient maintained his walking capacity and independence for 2 years, before the decline due to the disease. After receiving a two-lung transplant, the patient remained intubated for 12 h, left the intensive care unit after 3.5 days and was discharged after 18 days (average values: 48 h, 7–10 days and 25–35 days, respectively). These results show that systematic and supervised combined training can be safety applied in an IPF patient to maintain functionality and quality of life. In addition, we show that RT can be maintained for as long as necessary without complications.
Resistance of KIR Ligand–Missing Leukocytes to NK Cells In Vivo in Patients with Acquired Aplastic Anemia

The loss of killer cell Ig-like receptor ligands (KIR-Ls) due to the copy number–neutral loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 6p (6pLOH) in leukocytes of patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AA) may alter the susceptibility of the affected leukocytes to NK cell killing in vivo. We studied 408 AA patients, including 261 who were heterozygous for KIR-Ls, namely C1/C2 or Bw6/Bw4, for the presence of KIR-L–missing [KIR-L(−)] leukocytes. KIR-L(−) leukocytes were found in 14 (5.4%, C1 [n = 4], C2 [n = 3], and Bw4 [n = 7]) of the 261 patients, in whom corresponding KIR(+) licensed NK cells were detected. The incidence of 6pLOH in the 261 patients (18.0%) was comparable to that in 147 patients (13.6%) who were homozygous for KIR-L genes. The percentages of HLA-lacking granulocytes (0.8–50.3%, median 15.2%) in the total granulocytes of the patients with KIR-L(−) cells were significantly lower than those (1.2–99.4%, median 55.4%) in patients without KIR-L(−) cells. KIR2DS1 and KIR3DS1 were only possessed by three of the 14 patients, two of whom had C2/C2 leukocytes after losing C1 alleles. The expression of the KIR3DS1 ligand HLA-F was selectively lost on KIR-L(−) primitive hematopoietic stem cells derived from 6pLOH(+) induced pluripotent stem cells in one of the KIR3DS1(+) patients. These findings suggest that human NK cells are able to suppress the expansion of KIR-L(−) leukocytes but are unable to eliminate them partly due to the lack of activating KIRs on NK cells and the low HLA-F expression level on hematopoietic stem cells in AA patients.
Phylogenetic Inference in Velloziaceae Using Chloroplast TrnL-F Sequences

Abstract The chloroplast trnL-F region was sequenced for 20 species of Velloziaceae sensu stricto plus Acanthochlamys and representative species of Cyclanthus (Cyclanthaceae) and Pandanus (Pandanaceae) as outgroups. Phylogenetic analysis of the trnL intron and trnL-F intergenic spacer placed the Asian Acanthochlamys as a distant but well-supported sister-group to a monophyletic Velloziaceae sensu stricto. Within the Velloziaceae, the subfamily Barbacenioideae sensu Menezes is well supported as monophyletic, in agreement with chromosomal and morphological data, while the subfamily Vellozioideae may be paraphyletic. At least two of the currently recognized genera within the Barbacenioideae (Aylthonia and Barbacenia) appear to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic as currently delimited, while the genus Burlemarxia appears to have arisen recently within a subgroup of Barbacenia. These results appear most consistent with the inclusion of all or almost all of the taxa of the Barbacenioideae within a broadly delimited genus Barbacenia. Within the subfamily Vellozioideae, trnL-F data are consistent with the segregation of the South American Nanuza from Vellozia as a distinct genus, while the South American species sometimes placed in Xerophyta are not distinct from Vellozia. Communicating Editor: John V. Freudenstein
Under pressure: the extraordinary survival of seal lice in the deep sea

ABSTRACT Lice from pinnipeds – sea lions, seals and walruses – are the only insects capable of surviving marine dives. Throughout their evolutionary history, they have adapted to tolerate hypoxia, high salinity, low temperature and, in particular, to tolerate conditions of high hydrostatic pressure. To understand the limits of the capacity of lice to survive during host deep dives, we conducted a series of controlled experiments in the laboratory. We collected lice from elephant seals and submitted the different life stages to high pressure conditions. Lice were first exposed to one of four hydrostatic pressures: 30, 80, 150 or 200 kg cm−2. They were then exposed a second time to higher or lower hydrostatic pressure conditions to test for the impact of the first experience, which could either be deleterious or trigger physiological adaption, allowing them a better tolerance to high pressure. We found that lice from elephant seals can tolerate hydrostatic pressures higher than 200 kg cm−2 (close to 200 atm), which is equivalent to 2000 m depth. Adults exhibited lower recovery times than nymphs after immersion at high hydrostatic pressure. Our findings show that lice have developed unique adaptations to endure extreme marine conditions. We discuss these extreme performances in relation to the morphological characteristics and physiological responses to diving in these insects. Highlighted Article: Seal lice can survive pressures of 200 kg cm−2, equivalent to 2000 m depth, revealing unique adaptation to extreme marine conditions.
Ecosystem Carbon Changes with Woody Encroachment of Grassland in the Northern Great Plains

Abstract: Woody encroachment of grasslands is a common phenomenon worldwide, but the consequences of this encroachment for ecosystem carbon storage, particularly belowground are not clear. We quantified total ecosystem carbon in the 3 major natural upland vegetation communities (grassland, shrubland, and forest) at the northern edge of the North American Great Plains. Total ecosystem carbon storage was significantly greater in forest (125.3 mg C·ha-1) than in shrubland (92.4 mg C·ha-1) or grassland (80.7 mg C·ha-1), and this difference was due mainly to greater aboveground biomass, coarse root biomass, and the presence of a humus layer in the forest. Fine and total root biomass were also greater in forest than shrubland or grassland. In contrast, soil carbon was significantly greater in shrubland (80.6 mg C·ha-1) and grassland (75.4 mg C·ha-1) than in forest (48.6 mg C·ha-1). We also investigated whether aboveground variables could be used to predict belowground carbon pools. Soil carbon increased significantly with aboveground herbaceous biomass, while fine root biomass increased with foliar biomass, but the strongest relationship was between total root biomass and total aboveground biomass (r 2 = 0.785). These are simple and effective predictors of belowground carbon pools. The rapid shift in carbon storage with forest encroachment, from being dominated by soil carbon in grassland to woody vegetation in forest, represents a significant change in ecosystem structure with implications for the carbon budget.
Immediate bereavement experiences when a parent of dependent children has died of cancer: Funeral directors' perspectives

Abstract When a parent of dependent children dies, families are often unsure if and how children could be part of the immediate bereavement period. Children excluded can be more susceptive to negative outcomes. In-depth interviews explored funeral directors’ (N = 23) experiences of providing a service to families in the immediate bereavement period, when a parent dies from cancer. Findings highlighted funeral directors can have an important role in guiding families through the distressing immediate bereavement period. Recommendations are discussed surrounding a pastoral role of the funeral director in the immediate bereavement period.
Detection and Identification of Reactive Drug Metabolites Leading to Idiosyncratic Toxicity: Lapatinib as a Case Example

New pharmaceutical drug development requires more than a billion dollars and can take 12 years of research effort. New chemical entities or NCEs can be dropped from development for many reasons during this process, two major reasons being efficacy and toxicity. Lapatinib was approved in 2007 by FDA as an orally active drug against breast cancer. While some advantages were observed over chemotherapy, clinical evidences of idiosyncratic hepatoxicity were reported for this compound. Numerous studies showed that lapatinib was extensively metabolized and the formation of reactive metabolites could be the origin of the observed toxicity. It has been shown that CYP3A are the main drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the metabolism pathway of lapatinib. This study aims to identify and detect potential reactive metabolites of lapatinib formed after in vitro microsomal incubation using a comprehensive workflow for drug metabolism studies. Using micro ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, we were successful to identify a new quinoneiminine reactive metabolite, which upon conjugation with gluthatione (GSH) formed a GSH related product. This product was further characterized by tandem mass spectrometry, using data-dependent and neutral loss scans. This workflow could be successfully applied to other drugs and pharmaceuticals in order to allow the comprehensive mapping of metabolism pathways and the potential identification of reactive species.
Use of the Sulfonylurea-Tolerant Soybean Trait to Reduce Soybean Response to Prosulfuron Soil Residues1

Field studies were conducted to examine the effects of the sulfonylurea-tolerant (ST) soybean and fall tillage on reducing rotational soybean response to soil-applied prosulfuron across a range of soil pH values. Prosulfuron (10 and 20 g ai/ha) was applied in the fall to simulate the maximum amount of carryover theoretically possible from corn weed control systems. ST soybean reduced effects of prosulfuron soil residues on soybean grain yield. Increased soil pH led to greater prosulfuron carryover as indicated by the differential in ST and non-ST soybean and grain yield responses. Tillage (chisel plow) did not decrease non-ST soybean response to prosulfuron soil residues. Soybean injury 30 d after emergence was well correlated with eventual yield losses in non-ST soybean. Greater soybean injury and yield loss was observed on a silt loam soil with 0.8% organic carbon than on silt loams with greater than 2.5% organic carbon. Nomenclature: Prosulfuron; corn, Zea mays L. ; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Asgrow 3601,’ ‘Asgrow 3701. ’ Additional index words: Herbicide carryover, herbicide degradation, herbicide persistence, soil pH, tillage. Abbreviations: DAE, days after emergence; SDD10, soil degree day, temperature base of 10 C; ST, sulfonylurea tolerant; SU, sulfonylurea.