Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance and energy assessment of last-level cache replacement policies

The Last-Level Cache (LLC) is a critical component of the memory hierarchy which has a direct impact on performance. Whenever a data requested by a processor core is not found in the cache a transaction to the main memory is initiated, which results in both performance and energy penalties. Decreasing LLC miss rate therefore lowers external memory transactions which is beneficial both power and performance-wise. The cache replacement policy has a direct impact on the miss rate. It is responsible of data eviction of cache lines whenever the cache runs full. Thus, a good policy should evict data that will be re-used in a distant-future, and favour data that are likely to be accessed in the near-future. The most common cache replacement policy is the Least-Recently Used (LRU) strategy. It has been used for years and is cheaper in terms of hardware implementation. However, researchers have shown that LRU is not the most efficient policy from a performance point of view, and is further largely sub-optimal compared to the best theoretical strategy. In this paper, we analyze a number of cache replacement policies that have been proposed over the last decade and carry out evaluations reporting performance and energy.
Specific Immunity Elicited by Cross-link Complex Alpha-fetoprotein and Glycoprotein 96

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncofetal antigen during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development which could lead to weak reproducible antitumor immunity, and may act as a target for cancer therapy. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance its immunogenicity and develop therapeutic vaccines to eliminate AFP-expressing tumors. In this study, by way of glutaraldehyde cross-linking, we constructed a potential therapeutic protein vaccine, gp96/AFP. Our results showed that AFP and gp96 induced significant enhancement in specific AFP CD8+ T cells response and distinct cytotoxic antitumor reaction against AFP-expressing tumors. Primimg mice with the reconstructed vaccine, we elicited robust strong protective immunity. Our study suggests that tumor vaccination through cross-linking tumor antigen and gp96 is an encouraging method for cancer immunotherapy.
GUI Test Coverage Analysis using NSGA II

Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a mean of interaction between an end user and a software system. Software systems have gained an unprecedented popularity in last twenty years or so and the biggest factor behind this success is Graphical user interface. Software developing companies and teams have always shown a thirst for fully assured high quality software. To fulfill this deep desire of companies, software must go through an intensive testing, but it seems almost impossible to test a GUI application manually due to complexity involve in such effort. Obvious alternative is to go for automated testing. Models or Graphs are being considered as basis for automated GUI testing. Event-flow graph is one of several efforts towards automation of GUI testing. Thorough testing to satisfy the test organization or team’s demands is also a terminology, facing lack of consensus among different researchers. Usually test criterion corresponds a “coverage function” that measures how much of the automatically generated optimization parameters satisfies the given test criterion. Our past work has demonstrated that with the help of evolutionary algorithms and event flow representation we can get promising test coverage of GUI applications. Now we are going to extend our previous work and proposing the use of an evolutionary algorithm to gain multiple objectives. These objectives are to gain maximum coverage while keeping number of test cases at minimum side, and the evolutionary algorithm we are going to use for this purpose is Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II ( NSGA-II). KeywordsGUI Testing; Multiobjective optimization; Coverage Criterion; Coverage Analysis; Event Flow; Test Data Generation; NSGA-II; Automation Testing;
Research on the Evaluation of Product Quality Perceived Value Based on Text Mining and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

Over the past ten years, with the deepening and expansion of the application of Internet technology, more and more customers browse a lot of online reviews to understand the product and service reputation. Online reviews can provide decision support for consumers to purchase satisfactory product and the product customer satisfaction is mainly determined by product quality perceived value. This article will establish a new quality perceived value evaluation method by combining relatively mature test mining method with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. This evaluation model will be user oriented and more reflect the real needs of users. The new evaluation model will provide better decision support for consumers to buy satisfactory product.
SVM Based Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Evaluation for Intelligent Garment

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) also called sub-health is a serious and complex problem for modern people all over the world. But the methods of CFS diagnosis up to now are very elementary. This paper tries to establish a CFS evaluation model based on human body's vital signals, especially ECG. Firstly, an intelligent garment oriented physiological signal capturing and processing platform is proposed. Then, a multi-class SVM-based strategy to render a diagnosis between various degrees of CFS is constructed. Based on the ISNI-DHU CFS database we set up, the results show that the diagnosis model achieve high classification accuracy, at 97.4% of average accuracy, and heartbeat parameters can be effectively used to evaluation of CFS.
Reliability model analysis on parallel system having multiple vacations of one repairman

As large complex equipment cannot be repaired in a timely manner in practice, the policy that a repairman takes multiple vacations is introduced to the parallel system containing n identical components. Considering too stringent constraints of model due to exponential distribution and other special types of distributions in past studies, this paper assumes that service life of system components, repair time and the time of vacation of a repairman are in accord with continuous Phase-type distribution, builds a more valid interpretive model for system reliability, gives the reliability indicators including system reliability, system steady-state availability, steady-state failure frequency and system mean time between failure (MTBF), etc., and an application will be taken to verify the applicability of the model.
Use of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in Diets of Broiler Chickens: Effects on Growth Performance, Immunity and Bone Calcification

An experiment was conducted in mixed sexes broiler chickens 1-d-old (Ross 308) to investigate the effects of 25hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) on growth performance parameters, immunity and bone calcification. A completely randomized design with 4 experimental diets was used: 1) diet with cholecalciferol (VIT-D3) at 200 IU/kg of feed (NRC-1994 level); 2) diet with 25-OH-D3 at 69 μg/kg of feed; 3) diet with VIT-D3 at 2000 IU/kg of feed (commercial level); and 4) as diet 3+25-OH-D3 at 69 μg/kg of feed. Experimental treatments consisted in 6 repetitions of 10 chickens each. On 21 d of trial, chickens fed diets with VIT-D3 at commercial level (with or without 25-OHD3) increased the BWG (P<0.05) than those supplemented with VIT-D3 at NRC-1994 level or single 25-OH-D3. The feed conversion ratio of chickens was improved (P<0. 01) by using diets supplemented with VIT-D3 at commercial level (with or without 25-OH-D3) than that diet with VIT-D3 at NRC-1994 level. Calcium content in tibias of broiler (21 d old) was increased (P<0.05) with the use of diets added 25-OH-D3+VIT-D3 (commercial level) respect to those diets with VIT-D3 at NRC-1994 or commercial level. At 14 d, chickens fed diets with 25-OHD3 increased (P<0.05) the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response than those fed only VIT-D3 (NRC-1994 or commercial levels). The antibody response against Newcastle disease vaccine was better (P<0.05) in chickens fed diets with commercial levels of VIT-D3 (with or without 25-OH-D3) than those diets, VIT-D3 NRC-1994 level or single 25-OH-D3 supplementation. It can be concluded that higher levels of VIT-D3 (2000 IU/kg of feed) than those recommended by NRC (1994) improved the growth performance and the antibody response; and the supplementation of 25-OH-D3 at 69 μg/kg of feed increased the cellular immune response and the bone calcification of broiler chickens.
Nonlinear Label-Free Biosensing With High Sensitivity Using As2S3 Chalcogenide Tapered Fiber

We demonstrate an experimentally feasible fiber design, which can act as a highly sensitive, label-free, and selective biosensor using the inherent high nonlinearity of an As2S3 chalcogenide tapered fiber. The surface immobilization of the fiber with an antigen layer can provide the possibility to selectively capture antibody biomolecules. This increase of the layer thickness directly affects the group velocity dispersion of the fiber and, thus, the modulation instability (MI) gain spectrum changes (location of the anti-Stokes and Stokes wavelengths) when pumping the fiber close to the zero-dispersion wavelength. The sensitivity of the sensor was predicted to be ~18 nm/nm, defined as the shift in resonance wavelength per nanometer biolayer thickness, which is almost twice the current record sensitivity of nonlinear MI-based fiber optical biosensors. Importantly, due to the strong nonlinearity of As2S3, this high sensitivity can be obtained using a low-power 1064-nm microchip laser.
Social-Economic Determinants of Maternal Mortality in Rural Communities of Oyo State , Nigeria

Women education is a distant factor that offers the possibility of reduction in maternal mortality while distance and transport issues in rural communities of Oyo State are highly significant factors affecting women’s access to health services, especially in emergency care. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was used to select nine out of the 18 identified rural local government areas (LGAs). Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 63 communities across the nine LGAs, while the simple random sampling techniques was used to select 2,200 women of child bearing age from the communities. Social Determinants Scale (r=0.73), and economic Determinants Scale (r=0.71) were used in data collection. Three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and content analyses. Age of respondents was 29+2.1, 84.6% were married, while 48.1% had their first pregnancy at age 16-20years. There was relative contribution of educational status, proximity to health facilities, level of income and purchasing power on maternal mortality. Proximity to health facilities (β=0.30), level of income (β=0.19), purchasing power (β=0.14), and educational status (β=0.08) had significant contribution to mortality. Low access to health facilities, level of income, purchasing power and educational status determined maternal mortality in rural communities of Oyo State. Therefore, intensive maternal health care awareness campaign should be embarked upon. Efforts should also be geared towards the adoption of modern health practices to reduce maternal mortality.
On the fundamental bandwidth limits of microwave baluns

There has been considerable progress in the construction of fundamental bandwidth limits and near optimal design realisations for several classes of passive linear electroma gnetic wave devices, most notably for radar absorbent materials, antennas and meta-materials. This article seeks to place balun design on a similar footing, for an important class of baluns; in particular those which are ‘perfect’ and do not contain magnetically coupled transformers. For this class of baluns, the equivalent circuit is always characterised by a shunt impedance at the output of the device which is inductive in the low frequency limit. Consequently they are governed by one of the Fano [9] limits on bandwidth. The Fano integrated measure of bandwidth is proportional to the shunt inductance and is maximised when the reflection coefficient, at the balanced output port, is minimum reflection phase. Although, in theory, a minimum reflection phase high pass matching network can be shown to provide infinite fractional bandwidth in practice it is not possible to construct such a network at microwave frequencies because the shunt impedance is not purely inductive. At microwave frequencies the shunt impedance is usually realised as a shorted transmission-line section with non-negligible length. This may be approximated by a shunt inductance in parallel with a shunt capacitance over the principal operating range of the balun. This leads to a band-pass characteristic and the shunt capacitance gives rise t o a second Fano bandwidth measure. It is shown that the use of both measures leads to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, together with the balanced load impedance, determining the ultimate performance of the balun. This ultimate performance is also achieved if the reflection coefficient, looking from the balanced load into the balun, is minimum reflection phase. Suitable minimum reflection phase designs can be realised using Fano-Rhodes band-pass networks and these equivalent circuits can be compared with realistic designs. An example of such a design is presented for use over 2-18 GHz.
MetaMap in the CALBC Workshop II

MetaMap [4] is a tool which maps biomedical text to UMLS R © Metathesaurus R © concepts. In MetaMap, input text undergoes a lexical/syntacti c analysis consisting of a first analysis in which tokens, sentence boundaries and acro nyms or abbreviations are identified and each token is assigned a part of speech. Input w ords are mapped to the SPECIALIST lexicon [8] using lexical lookup and then the SPECIALIST minimal commitment parser [8] identifies phrases and their lexic al heads. The identified phrases are processed to generate variants (normally by tab le lookup), then candidates (Metathesaurus strings) are identified computing and evalu ating their match to the input text. Then mapping constructions are produced in which c andidates found in the previous step are combined and evaluated to produce a final re sult that best matches the phrase text. Finally word sense disambiguation (WSD) mi ght optionally be used, in which mappings involving concepts that are semantically consistent with surrounding text are favored. MetaMap is available from [2]. Downloa ds are restricted and require a valid UMLSKS user account. A 2011 MEDLINE baseline annotation with MetaMap is available from [3].
Affective image classification by jointly using low-level visual features and interpretable aesthetic features

Affective image classification has drawn increasing attentions in the multimedia community, in which effectively describing the affective semantics plays an essential role. Although many features have been attempted, the affective gap, however, still remains a major challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel affective image classification algorithm by applying the combined low-level visual features and psychology and art theory-based aesthetic features to a supervised hierarchical classifier, which is constructed based on the support vector machine (SVM) and AdaBoost. We apply the combined features We have evaluated this algorithm against three state-of-the-art approaches in three two-dimensional discrete emotion spaces defined respectively by three pairs of adjectives with opposite meanings, including warmcool, light-heavy and static-dynamic. Our pilot results suggest that the proposed algorithm can provide more accurate affective image classification.
High phase linearity, high power handling, InGaAs photodiodes for precise timing applications

We report an InGaAs p-i-n photodiode with a power-to-phase conversion factor of 5.6 rad/W at 2 V peak RF amplitude at 1 GHz frequency. In comparison, a PIN-TIA photoreceiver demonstrates 44 rad/W phase linearity at 0.44 V peak RF amplitude.
Market Power and Quality: Congestion and Spatial Competition in the Dialysis Industry

I find that dialysis providers in the United States exercise market power by reducing the clinical quality, or dose, of dialysis treatment. This market power stems from two sources. The first is a spatial dimension—patients face high travel costs and traveling farther for quality is undesirable. The second source is congestion—technological constraints may require dialysis capacity to be rationed among patients. Both of these sources of market power should be considered when developing policies aimed at improving quality or access in this industry. To this end, I develop and estimate an entry game with quality competition where providers choose both capacity and quality. Increasing the Medicare reimbursement rate for dialysis or subsidizing entry result in increased entry and improved quality for patients. However, these policies are extremely costly because providers are able to capture 84 to 97 percent of the additional surplus, leaving very little pass-through to consumers. Policies targeting the sources of market power provide a cost effective way of improving quality by enhancing competition and forcing providers to give up producer surplus. For example, I find that a program subsidizing patient travel costs $373 million, increases consumer surplus by $440 million, and reduces the mortality rate by 3 percent. ∗I thank my advisers Allan Collard-Wexler, Pat Bayer, Ryan McDevitt, James Roberts, and Chris Timmins for their extensive comments, guidance, and support. I am also grateful to Peter Arcidiacono, Federico Bugni, David Ridley, Adam Rosen, John Singleton, Frank Sloan, Daniel Xu and seminar participants at Duke, the International Industrial Organization Conference, and the Applied Micro Workshop at the Federal Reserve Board. †paul.eliason@duke.edu
Ridge preservation comparing a flap vs. a flapless technique using a demineralized bone matrix allograft plus mineralized particulate allograft and covered with a calcium sulfate barrier.

RIDGE PRESERVATION COMPARING A FLAP VS. A FLAPLESS TECHNIQUE USING A DEMINERALIZED BONE MATRIX ALLOGRAFT PLUS MINERALIZED PARTICULATE ALLOGRAFT AND COVERED WITH A CALCIUM SULFATE BARRIER Trever L. Siu, DMD
System dependent sources of error in time-of-flight shear wave speed measurements

This work discusses eight sources of uncertainty and bias arising from system dependent parameters in ultrasound shear wave speed (SWS) measurement. Each of the eight error sources of error we have identified is discussed in the context of a linear, isotropic, elastic, homogeneous medium, combining previously reported analyses with Field II simulations, full-wave 2D acoustic propagation simulations and experimental studies. Errors arising from both spatial and temporal sources lead to errors in SWS measurements. Arrival time estimation noise, speckle bias, master clock jitter, and phase aberration cause uncertainties (variance) in SWS measurements, while pulse repetition frequency and beamforming errors, as well as coupling medium sound speed mismatch cause biases in SWS measurements (accuracy errors). Calibration of these sources of error is an important step in the development of shear wave imaging systems. In a well-calibrated system, where the sources of biases are minimized, and averaging over an ROI is employed to reduce the sources of uncertainty, a SWS error <; 3% can be expected.
Comparison of Model-Based Approaches to the Compensation of Hysteresis in the Force Characteristic of Pneumatic Muscles

In this paper, a comparison of three different feedforward compensation strategies that counteract hysteresis effects in the nonlinear force characteristic of pneumatic muscles is presented: The generalized Bouc-Wen model is a dynamic hysteresis model and enables a description of the given highly asymmetric hysteresis, and as alternative hysteresis models for the comparison, the quasi-static Maxwell-slip model and the Prandtl-Ishlinskii model are considered. The parameters of all these hysteresis models have been experimentally identified using evolutionary optimization algorithms. Each of the identified hysteresis models is suitable for an additional feedforward control action in an existing nonlinear control structure for a high-speed linear axis that is actuated by pneumatic muscles to further reduce the tracking error. This cascaded nonlinear control structure consists of fast underlying control loops for the internal muscle pressures and an outer adaptive backstepping control loop for both the carriage position and the mean muscle pressure. Here, the adaptive control part counteracts nonlinear friction and the remaining model uncertainty. Comprehensive experimental results from an implementation of the proposed control approach on a test rig at the Chair of Mechatronics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany, point out both the benefits and efficiency of the corresponding feedforward hysteresis compensation strategies.
Diagnosis Related Groups ( DRGs ) and the Prospective Payment System : Forecasting Social Implications

On October 1, 1983, Medicare’s new Prospective Payment System (PPS) became effective for 1500 of the nation’s hospitals. By September 1984, 3700 additional hospitals will be subject to the legislation. According to this payment scheme, intended to control Medicare expenditures which have risen an average of 19% annually since 1979 to $32.9 billion for inpatient hospital care in 1982, hospitals will be paid a fixed amount per patient discharge. The rate of reimbursement will be based on Diagnosis Related Groups, a classification of 467 illness categories identified in the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). Each of the distinct groupings is considered to be "medically meaningful," that is, all patients in the same DRG are expected to display a set of clinical responses which will, on statistical average, result in equal use of hospital resources. The Prospective Payment System replaces the fee-forservice plan in which the payment is cost-based and retrospectively determined following treatment.