Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formal Verification of Masking Countermeasures for Arithmetic Programs

Cryptographic algorithms are widely used to protect data privacy in many aspects of daily lives from smart card to cyber-physical systems. Unfortunately, programs implementing cryptographic algorithms may be vulnerable to practical power side-channel attacks, which may infer private data via statistical analysis of the correlation between power consumptions of an electronic device and private data. To thwart these attacks, several masking schemes have been proposed, giving rise to effective countermeasures for reducing the statistical correlation between private data and power consumptions. However, programs that rely on secure masking schemes are not secure a priori. Indeed, designing effective masking programs is a labor intensive and error-prone task. Although some techniques have been proposed for formally verifying masking countermeasures and for quantifying masking strength, they are currently limited to Boolean programs and suffer from low accuracy. In this work, we propose an approach for formally verifying masking countermeasures of arithmetic programs. Our approach is more accurate for arithmetic programs and more scalable for Boolean programs comparing to the existing approaches. It is essentially a synergistic integration of type inference and model-counting based methods, armed with domain specific heuristics. The type inference system allows a fast deduction of leakage-freeness of most intermediate computations, the model-counting based methods accounts for completeness, namely, to eliminate spurious flaws, and the heuristics facilitate both type inference and model-counting based reasoning, which improve scalability and efficiency in practice. In case that the program does contain leakage, we provide a method to quantify its masking strength. A distuiguished feature of our type sytem lies in its support of compositonal reasoning when verifying programs with procedure calls, so the need of inlining procedures can be significantly reduced. We have implemented our methods in a verification tool QMVerif which has been extensively evaluated on cryptographic benchmarks including full AES, DES and MAC-Keccak. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach, especially for compositional reasoning. In particular, our tool is able to automatically prove leakage-freeness of arithmetic programs for which only manual proofs exist so far; it is also significantly faster than the state-of-the-art tools: EasyCrypt on common arithmetic programs, QMSInfer, SC Sniffer and maskVerif on Boolean programs.
Injury, Anxiety, and Mood in Competitive Gymnasts 1

Psychological factors related to injury were investigated in 115 competitive gymnasts. The subjects were administered the Profile of Mood States-Bipolar Form (POMS-BI) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). Direct discriminant function analysis showed that the best predictors for distinguishing between gymnasts with four or more injuries and those with fewer than four injuries were CSAI-2 Cognitive Anxiety and the POMS-BI Composed-Anxious and Energetic-Tired scores. The more-injured gymnasts were more anxious and tired, and reported higher scores on the CSAI-2 Cognitive Anxiety scale. Males could be differentiated from females by scores on the CSAI-2 Self-confidence and the POMS-BI Composed-Anxious, Confident-Unsure, Energetic-Tired, and Clearheaded-Confused scales. The female gymnasts were more anxious, unsure, tired, and confused, and reported lower levels of CSAI-2 Self-confidence. The findings were interpreted as further evidence of the anxiety-injury link in athletes.
Gesture recognition using deep neural networks

André Filipe Pereira Brás v Abstract This dissertation had as the main goal the development of a method to perform gesture segmentation and recognition. The research was motivated by the significance of human action and gesture recognition in real world applications, such as Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) and sign language understanding. Furthermore, it is thought that the current state of the art can be improved, since this is an area of research in continuous developing, with new methods and ideas emerging frequently. The gesture segmentation involved a set of handcrafted features extracted from 3D skeleton data, which are suited to characterize each frame of any video sequence, and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to distinguish resting moments from periods of activity. For the gesture recognition, 3 different models were developed. The recognition using the handcrafted features and a sliding window, which gathers information along the time dimension, was the first approach. Furthermore, the combination of several sliding windows in order to reach the influence of different temporal scales was also experienced. Lastly, all the handcrafted features were discarded and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used with the aim to automatically extract the most important features and representations from images. All the methods were tested in 2014 Looking At People Challenge’s data set and the best one achieved a Jaccard index of 0.71. The performance is almost on pair with that of some of the state of the art techniques.
Energy-Efficient Subchannel and Power Allocation for HetNets Based on Convolutional Neural Network

Heterogeneous network (HetNet) has been proposed as a promising solution for handling the wireless traffic explosion in future fifth-generation (5G) system. In this paper, a joint subchannel and power allocation problem is formulated for HetNets to maximize the energy efficiency (EE). By decomposing the original problem into a classification subproblem and a regression subproblem, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based approach is developed to obtain the decisions on subchannel and power allocation with a much lower complexity than conventional iterative methods. Numerical results further demonstrate that the proposed CNN can achieve similar performance as the Exhaustive method, while needs only 6.76% of its CPU runtime.
Bird—Habitat Relationships in Interior Columbia Basin Shrubsteppe

Abstract. Vegetation structure is important in structuring avian communities. In the sagebrush biome, where continued habitat loss is thought to threaten shrusteppe-obligate birds, both remotely sensed and field-acquired measures of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) cover have proven valuable in understanding avian abundance. Differences in structure between the exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and native bunchgrasses are also expected to be important. We used abundance from 318 point-count locations, coupled with field vegetation measurements and a detailed vegetation map, to model abundance of four shrub- and four grassland-associated avian species in southeastern Washington. Specifically, we ask whether species' abundances in bunchgrass and cheatgrass differ and whether mapped categories of cover adequately explain species' abundances or whether finegrained, field-measured differences in vegetation are also important in explaining abundance. We found that the abundance of shrub associates did not differ in sagebrush with a cheatgrass vs. bunchgrass understory, but grassland associates tended to use bunchgrass more than cheatgrass grasslands (Horned Lark, Eremophila alpestris; Grasshopper Sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum), or, in one case, cheatgrass more than bunchgrass (Long-billed Curlew, Numenius americanus). In the comparison of map- and field-based models, mapped cover types alone were sufficient for predicting abundance of five species studied, but models containing field-measured sagebrush cover outperformed models based on maps only for three species, the Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli) (+), Horned Lark (-), and Grasshopper Sparrow (-). We conclude that cover-type maps that consider understory composition and sagebrush density can predict avian distribution and abundance in the sagebrush biome efficiently.
An electrophoretic taxonomic study on serum proteins of Acanthobrama marmid, Leuciscus cephalus, and Chondrostoma regium

In this study, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were applied to the serum proteins of Leuciscus cephalus, Acanthobrama marmid and Chondrostoma regium (Cyprinidae) fish taken from) the Karakaya Dam (Malatya, Turkey). The electrophoregrams showed that there were similarities and differences in the molecular weight (MW) of the serum proteins among the three species. In the Native-PAGE, the total number of serum protein bands of L. cephalus, A. marmid and C. regium were 5, 8, 7, respectively. In the SDS-PAGE, 13 protein bands were obtained in L. cephalus, 11 in A. marmid and 11 in C. regium. In the electrophoregrams obtained from native-PAGE, the MW of the protein bands were found to be different in the fish species except the 80.3 kD protein band which was detected in the three fish species. In the SDS-PAGE, the protein band of 21.7 kD was observed in the three fish species. Protein bands of 63.4, 52.3 and 49.5 kD were present only in L. cephalus and C. regium. On the other hand, it was seen that other protein bands had similar molecular weights.
Assessment of recent bottlenecks and estimation of effective population size in the Ethiopian wild sorghum using simple sequence repeat allele diversity and mutation models

Since the immediate wild relatives of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench are indigenous to Ethiopia, studying their population biology is timely for undertaking conservation measures. A study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of population bottlenecks and to estimate the long-term effective population size (N e) in wild relatives of sorghum. For this, 40 samples of wild sorghum were collected from two remotely located populations that were allopatric to the cultivated sorghum. The presence of bottlenecks was investigated using heterozygosity excess/deficiency, mode shift and allelic diversity based on nine polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. We also estimated the N e of the studied populations using two different methods employing SSR mutation models. The expected heterozygosity was found to be 0.41 and 0.71 and allelic richness was 3.0 and 4.9, in Awash and Gibe populations, respectively. Neither the heterozygosity excess nor the mode-shift methods detected signatures of bottlenecks in the studied populations. The effective size of the two wild sorghum populations studied also showed no risk of population reduction in these regions of Ethiopia. Therefore, these allopatric wild sorghum populations can survive by occupying patches by the roadsides and fences, areas within abandoned farm lands, forests, etc., which shows that their wild characteristics of adaptation have been adequate for them to survive from extinction despite extensive deforestation of their habitat for modern agriculture and frequent grazing by livestock. However, this does not guarantee the survival of these species for the future and ex situ conservation measures or policies could help maintain their diversity.
Provision of Enabling Technology in Professional Sports

Multiple-round golf tournaments are designed intentionally to separate individuals' scores as play proceeds. Variance analyses and consideration of individual differences (vs group mean effects) for a sample of professional events confirm that 3-, 4-, and 5-round tournaments show significantly increased variability (though stable means) from first to last rounds. It is argued here that the dispersion of scores increases as play proceeds because the more physically or mentally fit players emerge and continue to perform best. Furthermore, a marginal income analysis indicates that the average gain in earnings from a one-shot improvement in score is approximately $8,000 An interpretation based on fatigue, competition, and stress supports the Professional Golf Association's claim that provision of enabling devices, like a golf cart for disabled players, is also an enhancement and is thus unfair.
Universal Adversarial Attacks on Text Classifiers

Despite the vast success neural networks have achieved in different application domains, they have been proven to be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations (small changes in the input), which lead them to produce the wrong output. In this paper, we propose a novel method, based on gradient projection, for generating universal adversarial perturbations for text; namely sequence of words that can be added to any input in order to fool the classifier with high probability. We observed that text classifiers are quite vulnerable to such perturbations: inserting even a single adversarial word to the beginning of every input sequence can drop the accuracy from 93% to 50%.
From Vrml to Augmented reality via panorama-integration and eai-java

The author shows the enhancement of abstract and “sterile” VRML-scenes by integration of panoramas, made from stitched photographs or special panorama cameras. The problem of having only one point of view in a photograph taken from a fixed point can be solved by using a defined, invisible “box” in vrml, which allows a movement of just a few meters, but also turning around and getting a kind of Augmented Reality. The next development of interaction not only in movement is the interactive integration of vr-objects by using EAI-Java-Tools.
NEURAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING MUSCLE SYNERGIES INVOLVED IN THE CONTROL OF THE HUMAN HAND

The dexterity of the human hand depends largely on the ability to move the fingers independently, the execution of which requires the coordination of multiple muscles. How these muscle ensembles are recruited by the central nervous system is not clear. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to identify some of the neural mechanisms whereby certain hand muscles are recruited into functional groups, or muscle synergies, needed for the generation of specific hand and finger movements. We characterized the organization of synaptic inputs onto the motor neurons supplying different compartments of a multi-tendoned finger flexor, the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS). We found that the motor neurons controlling different finger compartments of the FDS do not receive entirely segregated inputs, and that the motor neurons supplying adjacent compartments receive substantially more common synaptic input than motor neurons supplying compartments further apart. The FDS and another multi-tendoned finger flexor, the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), both insert onto each finger and function together to flex the fingers. Surprisingly, we found that the motor neurons controlling the compartments of FDS and FDP to the same finger receive completely independent inputs, despite similar mechanical functions of the two muscles. Thus, there is more neural coupling between motor neurons supplying compartments of the same muscle that move different fingers than there is between motor neurons supplying the compartments of two different muscles that move the same finger. Although the motor neurons supplying the flexors of the tips of the thumb [flexor pollicis longus (FPL)] and index finger [index compartment of the flexor digitorum
Analysis of plasma tocopherols α, γ, and 5-nitro-γ in rats with inflammation by HPLC coulometric detection Published, JLR Papers in Press, August 16, 2002. DOI 10.1194/jlr.D200023-JLR200

Reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS) have been implicated as effector molecules in inflammatory diseases. There is emerging evidence that γ-tocopherol (γT), the major form of vitamin E in the North American diet, may play an important role in these diseases. γT scavenges RNOS such as peroxynitrite by forming a stable adduct, 5-nitro-γT (NGT). Here we describe a convenient HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of NGT, αT, and γT in blood plasma and other tissues. Coulometric detection of NGT separated on a deactivated reversed-phase column was linear over a wide range of concentrations and highly sensitive (∼10 fmol detection limit). NGT extracted from blood plasma of 15-week-old Fischer 344 rats was in the low nM range, representing ∼4% of γT. Twenty-four h after intraperitoneal injection of zymosan, plasma NGT levels were 2-fold higher compared to fasted control animals when adjusted to γT or corrected for total neutral lipids, while α- and γT levels remained unchanged. These results demonstrate that nitration of γT is increased under inflammatory conditions and highlight the importance of RNOS reactions in the lipid phase. The present HPLC method should be helpful in clarifying the precise physiological role of γT.
Bootstrap Standard Error and Confidence Intervals for the Difference Between Two Squared Multiple Correlation Coefficients

A typical question in multiple regression analysis is to determine if a set of predictors gives the same degree of predictor power in two different populations. Olkin and Finn (1995) proposed two asymptotic-based methods for testing the equality of two population squared multiple correlations, ρ2 1 and ρ2 2. Simulation results indicated that these methods failed to perform accurately under certain model conditions (Algina & Keselman, 1999). In the present study, a unified bootstrap procedure is proposed for estimating the standard error of R 2 1 − R 2 2 and constructing the confidence interval for ρ2 1 − ρ2 2. A simulation study was conducted to examine the empirical performance of the proposed procedure under different levels of ρ2, sample sizes, numbers of predictors, and types of data distribution. Results indicated that the asymptotic method, in general, can only work well with normal data. The bootstrap procedure, on the other hand, performs satisfactorily with both normal and nonnormal data. However, both methods fail when ρ2 1 and ρ2 2 are zero.
Classification biologique des lacs jurassiens à l'aide d'une nouvelle méthode d'analyse des peuplements benthiques II. Nature de la faune

Le present article constitue la deuxieme partie d'un triptyque consacre a la classification biologique (parties I et II) de 9 lacs de la Franche-Comte jurassienne en relation avec les facteurs ecologiques (partie III). Cinquante-quatre taxons ont ete repertories par l'application d'un protocole original d'analyse comparative de la macro-faune des sediments (Verneaux et al. 1993a). Appliquees a quarante-deux taxons determines au genre, des analyses factorielles des correspondances permettent de selectionner vingt-trois taxons (taxons reperes) hierarchises par analyse de la distribution bathymetrique de leur densite relative et de leur frequence
Assessment of burden in caregivers of patients with chronic schizophrenia: Who attend the tertiary care center

Background: Schizophrenia a chronic, debilitating illness affecting entire family in addition to the sufferer. The family is a major source of support for the mentally ill in India where caregivers assume significant role. The pressure of care giving adds to significant stress in the care giver. Seeking out causes of care giver burden will help plan its alleviation. Methods: Eighty-four people with schizophrenia and their primary care givers were part of the study. Schizophrenia was diagnosed using DSM 5 criteria. Positive and negative symptoms were measured by the “Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia” (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale was used to assess the severity and improvement rate, and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) assessed the clinical progress. Care givers were administered Zarit Care Giver Burden scale. Results: More caregiver burden was reported with male patients. Educational level of patients did not influence burden score. Severity of burden increased as the severity of illness increased and functioning level of patients declined. Improvement with treatment reduced burden of caregivers. Among factors related to care givers, burden increased linearly with increasing age of the care givers. Care givers who suffered from co morbid medical illnesses reported significantly higher levels of burden. Conclusion: Care giver burden is an important issue to be considered in the overall management plan of schizophrenia. Care givers need better support for their own physical and mental well-being, to reduce symptoms and improve functioning level of schizophrenia patients.
Performance Analysis of Isolated Speech Recognition SystemUsing Kannada Speech Database

In this article, performance analysis of speech recognition system for different acoustical models has been presented. In the present work, one of the well-known south Indian language named “Kannada” language is considered. Significantly large amount of work has been reported for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in European languages whereas quite a small number of publications can be found in Indian languages. One of the reasons for this gap is that standard speech database in Indian languages is not available. In this study, Kannada speech corpus based on Kannada broadcast news data has been developed. The isolated speaker independent speech recognition system has been developed using Hidden Markov Tool Kit (HTK). The system front-end uses Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and its derivatives as acoustic features whereas acoustical models are developed by using Hidden Markov Models (HMM). Syllable and mono-phone based Kannada dictionaries have been developed in this study. Various mono-phone models considered in this work are word-level, syllable-level and phone-level models. Further, performance evaluation of mono-phone and tri-phone acoustical models for large sized dictionary also carried out. The best word recognition accuracies of 67.82% and 70.56% are reported for mono-phone and tri-phone based systems respectively. The recognition results for different HMM based acoustical models are obtained and hence the recognition performance has been analyzed.
Psychological Differentiation and Mobility as Related to Creativity

To study the relationship of psychological differentiation and creativity while taking into account the dimension of mobility and the association between differentiation and mobility, 186 male undergraduates were given the Embedded Figures Test and human figure drawings in order to assess psychological differentiation. Also, mobility, the ability to shift on demand from conventional, common modes of thought to unusual, less regulated thinking, was measured by means of word association and object sorting. The Revised Biographical Inventory and the Remote Associates Test assessed creativity. Results showed a tendency for more differentiated individuals to be more mobile. Performance on the remote associates was consistently related to the differentiation measure as predicted as were scores on human drawings. Over-all, creativity was more closely related to differentiation than was mobility. The data did not support the predicted interaction between psychological differentiation and creativity with mobility as a moderator variable.