Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal Form of Olmutinib

Olmutinib, N-[3-({2-[4-(4-methylpiperazine-1-yl)aniline]thieno[3,2-d]Pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)phenyl]prop-2-enamide dihydrochloride monohydrate, Olita is an oral, third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) that was developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this work was to investigate the existence of polymorphs and pseudopolymorphs of olmutinib. Three crystal forms of olmutinib have been isolated by recrystallization and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD). From the DSC and TG data it was confirmed that Form 1 is monohydrate, Form 2 is dihydrate, Form 3 is 1.5 hydrate. The PXRD patterns of three crystal forms were different respectively. After storage of 1 month at 2 C, 24% RH (Relative Humidity), Form 1, Form 2, and Form 3 were not transformed.
Nondetectable or minimal detectable residue levels of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide in bovine tissues and milk from a 28-d NBPT dosing study

Abstract N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) (Figure 1) is an active ingredient in nitrogen stabilizer (urease inhibitor), which temporarily inhibits the action of the urease enzyme to improve the efficiency of urea-containing fertilizers. Given the potential for NBPT residues to be present in milk and tissues of dairy cattle, due diligence is needed to demonstrate the safety of NBPT in urea-based fertilizers used on forages and crops intended for consumption by Holstein dairy cows. This study used controlled dosing of NBPT in capsule form to dairy cattle for 28 d, followed by a 14-d depuration phase to assess the potential for residues to exist in milk and tissues of dairy cattle at exaggerated use levels. Fourteen lactating cows were selected for the dosing and depuration phases of the study, based on health, body weight (BW), and milk production. There were four treatment groups: 0 mg NBPT/kg BW (Control) (n = 2 cows), 1 mg NBPT/kg BW (1×) (n = 3 cows), 3 mg NBPT/kg BW (3×) (n = 3 cows), and 10 mg NBPT/kg/BW (10×) (n = 6 cows); levels were based on maximum tolerable amount of urea that a cow can ingest on a daily basis (1×) and the maximum concentration of NBPT commercially used when treating urea (0.1 wt% NBPT in urea). At the end of the 28-d dosing phase, cows were randomly selected for the 14-d depuration phase of the study (one control and three 10× cows). The results showed no NBPT residue is detectable at all dose levels, except that a residue level was above the lower limit of quantitation in a single milk and subcutaneous fat sample in the highest (10×) treatment group, which represents the level of NBPT that would be theoretically present in 10× the lethal dosing of daily consumable urea to a cow. Overall, the study demonstrated that it is unlikely for NBPT residues to be present in cattle milk or edible tissues or to cause negative effects on animal health under good agricultural practice.
Impact and observations of cylinder deactivation and reactivation in a downsized gasoline turbocharged direct injection engine

Cylinder deactivation, sometimes referred to as variable displacement engine technology, is a method being employed in state-of-the-art reciprocating engines to improve fuel economy. The approach involves disabling the valve actuation of one or more cylinders to deactivate them, thus forcing the engine to operate at a higher specific load across the remaining cylinders to produce the torque demanded. Operating at such a point with an increased throttle opening reduces the engine’s pumping losses and hence reduces fuel consumption. In this work, the spray morphology, combustion and emissions of a three-cylinder downsized gasoline turbocharged direct injection engine with variable displacement engine capability on one cylinder were studied. This investigation allowed the interaction between the fuel spray, engine performance and emissions immediately following the reactivation of the deactivated cylinder to be better understood. Three operation modes were examined which included running the engine at full displacement, at the reduced displacement and at full displacement with increased indicated mean effective pressure, matching that of the reduced displacement mode. The study showed that cylinder deactivation significantly reduced specific fuel consumption at the conditions tested in comparison to full displacement operation. It was also found that when running the engine at full displacement but with the reduced displacement–level indicated mean effective pressure, the specific fuel consumption was greater than for reduced displacement operation. In addition, it was observed that particulate number emissions increase transiently during the deactivation period due to the disturbances to the fuelling control caused by displacement transitions. Improved fuelling control, refinement of the engine calibration during reduced displacement operation or a gasoline particulate filter could be used to manage this particulate number level.
Budget Impact Of Eltrombopag As First-Line Treatment For Severe Aplastic Anemia In The United States

Background Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a rare autoimmune condition resulting in low blood cell counts across lineages. Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) has demonstrated low response, toxicity, and risk of transformation. In a Phase I/II trial, the addition of eltrombopag to first-line IST increased response rates relative to an IST-only historical cohort. Methods A model was developed to estimate the budget impact of treating SAA with eltrombopag-based therapy from a US private healthcare system perspective. A simulated cohort of newly diagnosed SAA patients based on the total US population received 6 months of IST ± eltrombopag and were followed for 1 year, with mutually exclusive patient cohorts entering in years 1, 2, and 3. The model assessed the budget impact of first-year treatment for each cohort without considering subsequent years. At 6 months, responders in either arm received maintenance therapy (low-dose cyclosporine), and non-responders received 6 months of second-line eltrombopag monotherapy. Costs considered included first-line, maintenance, and second-line therapy, administration, routine care, mortality, and adverse events (AEs). All cost data were reported in 2018 US dollars. Results The annual incidence of aplastic anemia was 0.000234%, with 83.8% of cases assumed to be SAA. Based on trial data, 94% of patients receiving eltrombopag and IST responded versus 66% of patients receiving IST, with a 0.3% reduction in the annual risk of mortality for the eltrombopag + IST group. Use of first-line eltrombopag in a model SAA population based on the total US population increased overall costs by $50 million over 3 years. First-line drug costs accounted for an increase of $69 million, while improved response produced $19 million in secondary therapy cost savings. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the analysis. Conclusion High response rates combined with reduced rescue medication use and mortality in patients treated with eltrombopag and IST mediated higher medication costs.
Ni3S2 in Situ Grown on Ni Foam Coupled with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Solution

Searching for a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution is still challenging. In this work, we report a HER electrocatalyst composed of Ni foam, Ni3S2, and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NF@Ni3S2@NCNTs). The good lattice matching between Ni and Ni3S2, interstitial doping of C and N atoms, and synergistic effect of NCNTs make NF@Ni3S2@NCNTs highly efficient HER electrocatalysts in alkaline solution. NF@Ni3S2@NCNTs exhibit an overpotential of 93.89 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2, a Tafel slope of 54 mV dec–1, and superior stability for HER in 1 M KOH solution. Our findings will promote the reasonable design and synthesis of an efficient electrocatalyst for HER in alkaline electrolytes.
The susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis to various antimicrobial agents in the polymicrobial biofilms formed using a drip flow reactor

Objectives: Interspecies interactions in poly-species biofilm are substantial. Our aim is to set up dynamic biofilm models of Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis using Drip Flow Biofilm Reactor (DFR) and to evaluate the effect of these dual population on anti-biofilms of some antimicrobials. Materials and Methods: E.faecalis and P.mirabilis biofilms were formed in a DFR. Influences of the dual interactions on their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents (disinfectants, antibiotics and probiotic strains) were determined. Results: Gluteraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) effectively killed the cells in both biofilms of E.faecalis and P.mirabilis . However, the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was dependant on the microbial species present. P. mirabilis was less susceptible to the ampicillin and ciprofloxacin in co-culture compared to when cultured alone. Here, the influence of the presence of E.faecalis on P.mirabilis susceptibility was determined. For high concentrations of ciprofloxacin (1024 and 512 μg/ml), the log reduction in P.mirabilis cells was determined as approximately 4.5 and 3.5 in mono and dual-species biofilms respectively. Compared to B.lactis, L.acidophilus was found to be more effective both on single and dual species. Conclusion : The effect of antimicrobial agents on microbial cells in a polymicrobial biofilm may depend on the composition of the biofilm.
PROCESSING OF SOME NEW INSTANT PRODUCTS FROM TARTUFI (JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE) (Helianthus tuberosus,L), POWDER MIXTURES

Tartufi (Jerusalem artichoke) (J.A)is considered as a tuber crops ,rich in carbohydrates specially inulin which analyzed to fructose. Eight mixtures were prepared from tartufi powder and roasted flour from wheat, chickpeas, lentils and broad beans in addition to the powder of carrot, fenugreek, peas, sesame seeds , dried orange , sucrose beside some spices and herbs. Chemical composition, minerals, phenolic compounds, flavonoids compounds and the nutritional value were determined for different mixtures before and after storage at ambient temperature. Results , showed high increase in moisture in formula F6 (10.30%), protein in formula F5 (17.74%), inulin in formula F7 (9.33%), carbohydrates in formula F2 (65.45%) and free amino acids in formula F6 (3488 mg/100gm), the highest percentage in phosphorus and potassium exhibited in formula F1 and F2 which recorded 683.48 and 377.21 mg/100gm respectively, also results for phenolic and flavonoids compounds indicated that there were an observed increase and decrease at zero time and after 8 months . Three new products were processed from the previous mixtures namely bars, drinks and cream soup as follow: bars was processed from formula F1 to F8 and drinks was processed from formula F1 to formula F5 while cream soup prepared from formula F6,7 and F8 , these all mixtures were organoleptically evaluated and the results showed that the best acceptability being for formula F3 when compared with the others, while after storage for 8 months all mixtures have a moderate degrees of acceptability except mixture 5 and 7 . All drinks had a good degree of acceptability except mixture 5 after processing while after storage for 8 months both of mixture 2,3 and 4 had a high degree of acceptability, also cream soup had a high degree of acceptability. Obtained results showed that 100 gm of each formulated tartufi mixtures provides children about 32 to 36% of energy, from 49 to 93% of protein, 71 to 147.84% of phosphorus , 7.83 to 10.32% of potassium for children, 17 to 19.39% of calcium and 108.5 to 208.3% of iron. Also provides male about 16 to 19% and female about 18 to 21% of energy daily requirements, provides male and female with protein level ranged from 16 to 31% and 20 to 38% respectively of daily requirement, provides male and female with about 50 to 100% of phosphorus requirements, 18 and 23% of potassium for male and female, 16.74 to 20.24% of calcium for male and female , 135.62 to 260.37% of iron for male and female from 60.27 to 115.72% of daily requirements respectively .
Evaluation of a novel thermophilic nitrifying Bacillaceae species Aliibacillus thermotolerans BM62T promoting nitrogen retention in livestock manure compost

Aliibacillus thermotolerans BM62T is a novel thermophilic nitrifying bacterium, which belongings to the family Bacillaceae. A laboratory scale composting was done to evaluate the effect of adding strain BM62T on nitrogen retention during the process of animal waste compost. During the whole composting process, the ammonia emission of the compost with BM62T added was 29.71% lower than that of the control compost. In addition, the emission amount reduced in the warming and high temperature period accounted for 92.19% of the total emission amount reduced by the addition of strain BM62T. In the early stage of composting (0–14 days), the ammonium content in the BM62T‐added compost was significantly lower than that of the control compost, while the content of nitrite and nitrate was significantly higher than that of the control compost. At the end of composting, the nitrate content in the BM62T‐added compost (3.25 g/kg DM) was significantly higher than that of the control compost (0.14 g/kg DM). The number of thermophilic bacteria increased by 73.07% and that of thermophilic nitrifying bacteria increased by 75.56% in the compost with BM62T added. While the number of thermophilic bacteria increased by 29.61% and that of thermophilic nitrifying bacteria increased by 31.72% in the control compost. These results showed that BM62T could effectively reduce the ammonia emission especially during the high temperature period of compost, which make it has good application value in livestock and poultry manure compost treatment for promoting nitrogen retention.
The Response of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) Plants to Foliar Application of Sodium Selenate and Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs)

The present study describes the synthesis and rapid production of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) by reducing selenate in the presence of Ascorbic Acid (AA) as a reductant, coating, and stabilizing agent. The formation of nanosized selenium at 10 mm sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) and 1.5% AA was confirmed by the appearance of the characteristic surface plasmon absorption peak at 296 nm in UV-vis spectra. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) indicates that SeNPs was mostly spherical with a mean diameter of approximately 33.4 nm. X-RAY Diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed crystalline shape indicating particle size of approximately 42.92 nm. The particle size distribution of SeNPs was approximately 45.9 nm by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis indicates the coating of selenium nanoparticles with ascorbic acid bonding of SeNPs with the COO˗ group of ascorbic acid. A pot experiment at the Experimental Farm of Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt during the season of 2016 was performed to evaluate the effects of foliar applications of both Na2SeO4 and chemically synthesized SeNPs (≈ 33.4 nm) each at 0.0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 µM on vegetative growth, yield and some physiological activities of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) plants. Foliar application of Na2SeO4 and SeNPs up to 25 µM significantly increased growth criteria (i.e. length of roots and stem, the root, stem and leaves fresh and dry weights, No of leaves and total leaves area cm2/plant), weight and quality of seed compared to the corresponding untreated control plants. Application of Na2SeO4 and SeNPs, especially at 6.25 µM concentration increased the Total Photosynthetic Pigments (TPP), Total Carbohydrate (TC), total soluble proteins (TSP), and different minerals in leaves accompanied by decrease in Total Soluble Sugars (TSS). SeNPs at 6.25 µM increased the levels of the growth hormones Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Cytokinins (CKs) of cowpea leaves, with a relatively lower Abscisic Acid (ABA) content and higher GA3/ABA ratios, followed by Na2SeO4 at 6.25 µM which explains the increase in growth parameters and seed weight in SeNPs and Na2SeO4 treated plants compared to control plants. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) study unveiled the residual accumulation of selenium nanoparticles in leaves and seeds of cowpea plants at 50 µM. Transmission electron microscopy showed small, dark deposits in leaf cells exposed to SeNPs, which probably originated from the nanoparticles absorbed onto the leaves and transferred to seeds. In conclusion, application of SeNPs and Na2SeO4 at 6.25 µM improved vegetative growth, seed weight, nutritional value and quality of cowpea plants and seeds.
Synthesis, characterization, morphology and adsorption performance towards Cu+2 ions of nano-sized copolymers of anthranilic acid and o-phenylenediamine poly(AA-co-o-PD)

Nanorodes, nanosheets, nanospheres and nano-amorphous shape with different particles size of copolymer of anthranilic acid with o-phenylenediamine poly(AA-co-o-PD) were synthesized by redox polymerization initiated by FeSO4.7H2O as redox initiator and ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as oxidant in different concentrations of aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid. The influence of synthetic parameters such as acid concentration and the presence of redox initiator were investigated. The morphology and particles size were studied by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the morphology and average particle size of polymeric nano particles according to SEM and TEM analyses were different based upon the conditions of the copolymerization. The physico-chemical characterization of the prepared nanoparticles was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Which FT-IR confirmed the structure of poly(AA-co-o-PD) nanoparticles in emeraldine form. The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The surface area of nanocopolymer particles was determined also by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The competition of the prepared nano-sized copolymers particles towards the adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. The results showed that the adsorption capacity was based on particle size of nanocopolymers and their surface area. The adsorption capacity increased with decreasing the particle size. On the other hand the adsorption capacity increased with increasing the surface area of the prepared nano-sized copolymers of poly(AA-co-o-PD).
Health related quality of life by age, gender and history of cardiovascular disease: results from the Health Survey for England

Introduction: While there is an increasing volume of literature describing the health state utility values (HSUV) individuals with angina, heart attack or stroke, research comparing HSUVs for these conditions within the same study is sparse. This hinders analysts wishing to explore the benefits of interventions in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to obtain EQ-5D scores to inform health states in CVD economic models using the same source for each health state. Methods: EQ-5D data (N = 26,679) from individuals aged 16 to 98 years taking part in the Health Survey for England (2003, 2006) was used. Regressions were employed to explore the significance of age, gender and history of CVD on HSUVs taking into account the number and type of cardiovascular condition(s) and time since event. The predictive ability of the model was assessed using errors in predicted values on both the individual and the sub-group levels. Results: Our results show HSUVs differ by age, gender, CV history, time since CV event and the number of concurrent CV conditions. The regression model is reasonably accurate when predicting mean values for sub-groups stratified by age, CV condition and time since event, with 67% of predicted values within the minimal important difference for the EQ-5D index. Conclusions: The results provide a consistent basis for analysts to populate the most frequently defined health states (no CVD, heart attack, angina and stroke) in CVD models. Further research is required to validate these results in other datasets.
Label-Free Super-Resolution Imaging of Transparent Dielectric Objects Assembled on a Silver Film by a Microsphere-Assisted Microscope

In optical microscopy, label-free imaging of transparent dielectric objects with subwavelength features is still a challenge. We propose a method to super-resolution image a label-free, transparent, periodic object using a microsphere-assisted bright-field microscope. A two-dimensional array of label-free, hexagonally close-packed polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles with a diameter of 250 nm assembled on a silver film-coated glass slide can be discerned by coupling a classical optical microscope to a 30 μm-diameter BaTiO3 glass (BTG) microsphere. However, when the PS nanoparticle array with the same diameter is assembled on either a glass slide or a high-reflectance dielectric multilayer-coated glass slide, it cannot be resolved. We propose that period plasmonic near-field illumination is generated due to the excitation of surface plasmon polariton modes on periodically structured interfaces. More high-frequency information about the object is coupled with the BTG microsphere lens system, resulting in the impr.
Enhanced Performance of Electrospun Nanofibrous TiO2/g-C3N4 Photocatalyst in Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

TiO2/g-C3N4 (GNT) fibers with 1%, 2.5% and 5% (wt%) ratios have been synthesized via one-step electrospinning using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer. Results showed mesoporous fibrous catalysts consisted of anatase (80.0–85.1%) and rutile phase (14.9–20.0%), with diameter between 200–300 nm and band gap lower than 3.0 eV confirming the absorption shift to visible-light region. The formation of •OH radicals and methylene blue dye degradation increases as the g-C3N4 doping percent also increases, following the trend ΤiO2 < GNT1% ≈ GNT2.5% < GNT5%. A z-scheme mechanism is attributed to the photocatalytic performance confirming the potential for green chemistry and environmental technology applications.
Human papillomavirus testing: the challenges of picking the right tools for the job

Establishing human papillomavirus (HPV) as the necessary cause of cervical cancer has paved the way for disease management strategies that focus on the virus through primary prevention (immunization) and HPV testing. There has been an almost exponential increase in the available tests for HPV infection in the last few years, resulting in a huge variety of both commercial and in-house assays to choose from that vary in their performance and technical characteristics. However, the complex natural history of the disease and the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection (which frequently clears) means that the challenges associated with HPV testing do not simply reside in the development of a technically robust test, but in the application of such to generate meaningful results.