Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lignin structure and aggregation behavior in a two-component ionic liquid solvent system.

Ionic liquids are of potential interest in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, the ionic liquid co-solvent system of 1-methylimidazole (MIM) and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) was used to solvate LignoBoost lignin fractionated from black liquor obtained from a kraft paper mill. Lignin ethanol-precipitated (LEP) and ethanol-soluble (LES) fractions were characterized via gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13C- and 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to determine structural characteristics and their relationship to polymer solubility in the system. Polymer integrity and solubility were optimal at ~20% lignin loading (w/w). Results showed that LEPs were generally of higher apparent molecular weight (Mw) and enriched with condensed/aliphatic ether linkages and aliphatic hydroxyls. The LESs had a lower apparent Mw and were enriched with carboxylic and phenolic groups. This newly gained knowledge on lignin fractionation and aggregation in the present solvent system provides future opportunities for tuning fractionation/extraction to suit a specific biomass-derived product, e.g., carbon fibers
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THERMAL CONVECTION OF A FLUID WITH INCLINED AXIS OF ROTATION USING GALERKIN METHOD

technique is carried out for finding the effect of axis of rotation and limiting condition of temperature gradient being oblique to gravity on the stability of fluids saturating porous medium. Various cases of fluids having large and small Prandtl number have been studied which tend to destabilize the system by stationary and oscillatory modes. Brinkman and Darcy models are used for large and small permeabilities respectively. Numerical calculations are made to indicate the effect of inclination of axis of rotation on setting up of thermo convective instability.
Chaotic behavior in super regenerative detectors

In this paper the super regenerative detector, as proposed by Armstrong in 1922, is investigated. We show that in a simplified model the current in the circuit behaves chaotically during a small period in time after which the circuit becomes an oscillator. Armstrong was not aware of the circuits' chaotic behavior, but reported strange irregular start-ups of the oscillator. Chaotic behavior of the circuit is demonstrated in this paper using computer simulation. During the period in which the irregularities appear, the amplification of the circuit is maximal.
Proton therapy for head and neck cancer: current applications and future directions

Radiation therapy is a standard treatment modality for head and neck cancer. However, delivery of radiation therapy to areas of disease in close proximity to critical normal structures, can potentially result in severe toxicity. While advances in conformal radiation techniques, like intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) have led to improvements in the therapeutic ratio, significant treatment-related morbidity still exists. Proton therapy is an emerging and promising treatment modality for head and neck cancers, because of the potential to improve organ sparing and/or safely escalate doses of radiation delivered. Localized radiation therapy to limited areas of the head and neck, such as for a lateralized salivary gland tumor, can be delivered with proton therapy using current techniques. Proton therapy to the bilateral neck, as required for locally-advanced disease, will require the development of intensity-modulated techniques, intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT), using pencil beam scanning. Determining the proper role of proton therapy for head and neck cancer should be done in the setting of clinical studies, with careful attention to quality assurance, and meaningful measures of disease control, toxicity and quality of life.
A comparison of the prediction of apparent metabolisable energy content of starchy grains and cereal by-products for poultry from its chemical components, in vitro analysis or near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Regression models including chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) were compared in order to predict the energy value of several feed ingredients for poultry. The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy content (AMEn) in cockerels and its proportion on total gross energy (AMEn/GE) were determined in 94 batches from six starchy grains and six cereal byproducts. Two preliminary trials were also designed to adapt in vitro methods for prediction of in vivo energy values for poultry. Mean concentrations of AMEn of the ingredient studied ranged from 2,464 to 3,595 kcal kg -1 DM, and those of AMEn/GE from 53.7 to 80.0%. The most precise model of prediction of AMEn and AMEn/GE values was that based on NIRS equations (R 2 cv = 0.823 and 0.861, respectively). The best single chemical predictor of these energy values was the neutral detergent fibre concentration (R 2 = 0.616 and 0.736, respectively). Further inclusion of ether extract and ash contents in the AMEn model and those of starch and ether extract in the AMEn/GE model allowed increasing coefficients of determination up to 0.791 and 0.839, respectively. A model including linear and quadratic effects of in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMd) provided a similar prediction of AMEn/GE values (R 2 = 0.833). However the prediction of AMEn from IVOMd was worse (R 2 = 0.62), as variations among batches of GE concentration (from 4,225 to 5,896 kcal kg ‐1 DM) were little related to in vitro digestibility values.
A Simple Thermodynamic Model for Melting of Peridotite in the System NCFMASOCr

A new thermodynamic model is presented for calculating phase relations in peridotite, from 0·001 to 60 kbar and from 800°C to liquidus temperatures, in the system NCFMASOCr. This model system is large enough to simulate phase relations and melting of natural peridotite and basaltic liquids. Calculations in the program THERMOCALC illustrate mantle phase relationships and melting conditions, specifically for the peridotite composition KLB-1. The garnet–spinel transition zone intersects the solidus at 21·4–21·7 kbar, where both Fe3+ and Cr increase spinel stability, expanding the width of the transition. Orthopyroxene is lost at the solidus at 42 kbar in KLB-1, although this pressure is very sensitive to bulk composition. Calculated oxidation states are in excellent agreement with measured log fO2 for xenolith suites with mantle Fe2O3 contents in the range 0·1–0·3 wt %. It appears that mantle oxidation state is not just a simple function of P and T, but depends on phase assemblage, and may vary in a complex way within a single assemblage. The liquid model performs well, such that calculated solidus, melt productivity and liquid compositions compare favourably with those of experimental studies, permitting its use in interpolating between, and extrapolating from, experimental P–T conditions. Experimentally challenging but geologically useful regimes can be explored, such as subsolidus samples and very low melt fractions, with application to both mantle xenoliths and the origin of basalt.
Proposed Methods for Developing and Testing Risk- and Reliability-Adjustment Models for HCBS Composite Measures

This methods report describes Mathematica Policy Researchâ€™s approach to creating risk-adjustment models using composite measures to profile care delivered to the home- and community-based service (HCBS) population. The composite measures are adaptations of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Qualityâ€™s prevention quality indicators (PQIs), which measure hospital admissions for ambulatory careâ€“sensitive conditions.
MODULATION OF UTERINE CONTRACTILITY IN THE ISOLATED MOUSE UTERUS BY THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF TALINUM TRIANGULARE (PORTULACEAE) AND INVESTIGATION OF SIGNIFICANT SECONDARY METABOLITES

Talinum triangulare is used by some traditional healers to manage preterm labour and prevent preterm birth. The effect of T. triangulare on uterine contractility is so far unknown. This study was therefore aimed at: the investigation of the pharmacological and physiological effect of T. triangulare leaf extract (MTT) on the isolated mouse uterus; investigation of possible mechanisms of activity and identification of significant metabolites present in the leaves. Longitudinal uterine segments from non-pregnant mice were isolated and mounted in a continuously aerated organ bath containing physiological salt solution and maintained at 37°C. The effect of MTT (0.0007 -7.777 μg/ml) on spontaneous contractions, 11.82 nM oxytocin, and 40 mM KCl was investigated. Additionally, MTT (3.43 mg/ml) in the presence of 95.34 nM amiodarone, 5.06 nM glibenclamide and 11.57 nM propranolol was investigated. High resolution mass spectrometric (HRMS) analysis was performed on MTT. MTT exerted a biphasic effect on spontaneous uterine contractility, with low concentrations inhibiting and high concentrations stimulating contraction. MTT also increased oxytocin and KCl-induced contraction. The effect on oxytocin was reduced in the presence of amiodarone but not glibenclamide or propranolol. HRMS identified high levels of oestrogenic compounds which may play a role in the activity of the plant on female reproductive health.
Sequestration efficiency in the iron‐limited North Atlantic: Implications for iron supply mode to fertilized blooms

Estimates of the amount of carbon sequestered in the ocean interior per unit iron (Fe) supplied, as quantified by the sequestration efficiency (Ceffx), vary widely. Such variability in Ceffx has frequently been attributed to estimate uncertainty rather than intrinsic variability. Here we derive new estimates of Ceffx for the subpolar North Atlantic, where Fe stressed conditions have recently been demonstrated. Derived values of Ceffx from across the region, including areas subject to atypical external Fe fertilization events during the year of sample collection (2010), ranged from 17 to 19 kmol C (mol Fe−1). Comparing these estimates with values from other systems, considered in the context of variable bloom durations in the different oceanographic settings, we suggest that apparent variability in Ceffx may be related to the mode of Fe delivery.
Microstrip Antenna with Photographic Paper Substrate for WLAN

In this paper a compact, flexible, Multiband antenna is designed. It is having flexible Substrate of photographic paper which makes the antenna conformal. The antenna with two U slots cut in radiating patch is offset fed by microstrip lines gives the multiple bands of WLAN /WIMAX Application and two parasitic Elements improves the bandwidth of a typical microstrip antenna. The Measured results shows that the antenna resonates between Frequency band 2.10-2.95 GHz, 3.35-3.54 GHz and 5.04-6.0Hz. which are used for application such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, ISM 2.4GHz,WLAN WiMAX, and WLAN 5.2GHz.
Monte Carlo Simulations of Radiative Transfer in Cloudy Atmosphere over Sea Surfaces

A rigorous and modular Monte Carlo radiative transfer model MCRT has been developed to compute radiance for realistic cloudy atmosphere over sea surfaces in the visible and near-IR spectra. The simulation methods of the sample's trajectories are consistently described in the whole simulation spatial domain, which consists of a number of voxel cells for atmosphere and square cells for the sea surface. An inverse transformation method is applied in an atmospheric scattering event simulation and a rigorous accept/reject method is formulated for simulating a reflection event at Cox-Munk (CM) anisotropically and Nakajima-Tanaka (NT) isotropically roughened sea surface. Both methods have been implemented within the model and were tested as two individual modules achieving high accuracy. The model as a whole system was also validated by other codes. The mean difference is about 0.084% and 0.528% in comparison to the Spherical Harmonics code (SHARM) and Monte Carlo Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (MCARaTS) respectively for 1D atmosphere and the NT model. The comparisons of the Spherical Harmonic Discrete Ordinate Method (SHDOM) show that agreements are obtained in the sun glint regions for 1D atmosphere and the CM model and the mean differences are below 0.478% for a 3D cloud field with lambertian. In general, the major advantage of MCRT is that it could simulate more accurate reflection direction at sea surfaces in a shorter time and hence more accurate radiance in complex cloudy atmosphere over sea surfaces with high numerical efficiency especially on a small PC.
Plane-wave coupling formalism for T-matrix simulations of light scattering by nonspherical particles

The computation of light scattering by the superposition T-matrix scheme has been restricted thus far to systems made of particles that are either sparsely distributed or of near-spherical shape. In this work, we extend the range of applicability of the T-matrix method by accounting for the coupling of scattered fields between highly nonspherical particles in close vicinity. This is achieved using an alternative formulation of the translation operator for spherical vector wave functions, based on a plane-wave expansion of the particle's scattered electromagnetic field. The accuracy and versatility of the present approach is demonstrated by simulating arbitrarily oriented and densely packed spheroids, for both dielectric and metallic particles.
Forecasting Some Aspects of E-Learning Educational System Using Data Mining Techniques

Currently in INDIA there is an increasing interest in e-education. Whenever we have a new start that time we have to face lots of problem to manage it, Data mining techniques provides lots of tools for this problem. This work provides the application of data mining to e-learning educational systems, particular web-based courses, well-known learning content management systems, and adaptive and intelligent web-based educational systems. Each of these systems has different tricks,algorithms and objectives for knowledge discovering. After preprocessing the available data in each case, data mining techniques can be applied like statistics and visualization; clustering, classification and outlier detection; association rule mining and pattern mining.
Design and Implementation of High Speed and Low Power Consumption FinFET

: An application of FinFET Technology has opened new development in Nano-technology. Simulations show that FinFET structure should be scalable down to 10 nm. Formation of ultra thin fin enables suppressed short channel effects. It is an attractive successor to the single gate MOSFET by merit of its superior electrostatic properties and comparative case of manufacturability process. Inventing new device is always essential to improve the circuit performance; the total steps are more than usual MOSFET process, but the cost of material is smaller. Since it is more compact, using FinFET is economical. The leakage current due to DIBL was well suppressed and the roll-off of a FinFET is well controlled.
Using Lidar Elevation Data to Develop a Topobathymetric Digital Elevation Model for Sub-Grid Inundation Modeling at Langley Research Center

ABSTRACT Loftis, J.D. ; Wang, H.V. ; DeYoung, R.J., and Ball, W.B. , 2016. Using lidar elevation data to develop a topobathymetric digital elevation model for sub-grid inundation modeling at Langley Research Center. In: Brock, J.C. ; Gesch, D.B. ; Parrish, C.E. ; Rogers, J.N. , and Wright, C.W. (eds.), Advances in Topobathymetric Mapping, Models, and Applications. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 76, pp. 134–148. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Technological progression in light detection and ranging permits the production of highly detailed digital elevation models, which are useful in sub-grid hydrodynamic modeling applications. Sub-grid modeling technology is capable of incorporating these high-resolution lidar-derived elevation measurements into the conventional hydrodynamic modeling framework to resolve detailed topographic features for inclusion in a hydrological transport model for runoff simulations. The horizontal resolution and vertical accuracy of the digital elevation model is augmented via inclusion of these lidar elevation values on a nested 5-m sub-grid within each coarse computational grid cell. This aids in resolving ditches and overland drainage infrastructure at Langley Research Center to calculate runoff induced by the heavy precipitation often accompanied with tropical storm systems, such as Hurricane Irene (2011) and Hurricane Isabel (2003). Temporal comparisons of model results with a NASA tide gauge during Hurricane Irene yielded a good R2 correlation of 0.97, and root mean squared error statistic of 0.079 m. A rigorous point-to-point comparison between model results and wrack line observations collected at several sites after Hurricane Irene revealed that when soil infiltration was not accounted for in the model, the mean difference between modeled and observed maximum water levels was approximately 10%. This difference was reduced to 2–5% when infiltration was considered in the model formulation, ultimately resulting in the sub-grid model more accurately predicting the horizontal maximum inundation extents within 1.0–8.5 m of flood sites surveyed. Finally, sea-level rise scenarios using Hurricane Isabel as a base case revealed future storm-induced inundation could extend 0.5–2.5 km inland corresponding to increases in mean sea level of 37.5–150 cm.
Scan line optimization for Tri stereo planetary images

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a new scan line optimization method for matching the triplet of images. In the present paper, the triplets are initially matched using an area based local method. The cost is stored in a structure called as the Disparity Space Image (DSI). Using the global minimum of this cost the initial disparity is generated. Next the local minima are considered as potential matches where global minimum gives erroneous results. These local minima are used for optimization of disparity. As the method is a scanned line optimization, it use popularly resampled images. The experiment is performed using Terrain Mapping Camera images from the Chandrayaan-1 mission. In order to validate the result for accuracy, Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter dataset from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission is used. The method is again verified using standard Middlebury stereo dataset with ground truth. From experiments, it has been observed that using optimization technique for triplets, the total number of correct matches has increased by 5–10 % in comparison to direct methods. The method particularly gives good results at smooth regions, where dynamic programming and blockmatching gives limited accuracy.
Tilburg University On the relation between GARCH and stable processes

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Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER ATINER ' s Conference Paper Series NUR 2015-1546

Critical care nursing students are prone to stressors during their academic and clinical experience which may interfere with their learning process. The aim of this study is to explore the stress level and stressors of critical care nursing students in King Saud Ben Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and to pinpoint the relationship between stress and academic achievement. Sixty nursing enrolled in Critical care nursing course students were included in the study. A self-reported questionnaire namely; developed by the researchers to explore the relationship between perceived stress and academic achievement. Sixty five percent of the respondents had low stress level, and 68.3% had multiple health problems during the critical care nursing course. The total mean of stress level was 20.40±3.98, and the mean of perceived stressors was 61.23±17.84. There was statistical significant difference between the stress level and perceived stressors where p<0.001 but there was no significant correlation between students’ perceived stressors and academic achievement. Critical care nursing students experienced low to moderate stress level with no impact on their academic achievement.
Scale dependence of the coarse-grained velocity derivative tensor: Influence of large-scale shear on small-scale turbulence

We discuss the effect of large-scale anisotropy of the shear type on the small-scale structure of turbulence. Our analysis is based on numerical solutions of the Lagrangian tetrad model of Chertkov M. , Pumir A. and Shraiman B.I. (1999, Physics of Fluids, 11, 2394) adapted to the model case with large-scale anisotropy. The model, formulated in terms of a set of stochastic differential equations for the coarse-grained velocity gradient and tensor of inertia of a typical shape, naturally connects Lagrangian and Eulerian parameterizations of turbulence. We use diagnostics of Chertkov al. (1999) which allows us to analyse and interpret different correlation functions at the resolved scale in terms of the flow geometry. Our main conclusion, concerning the issue of anisotropy, is that even though overall the local isotropy is restored with the scale decrease, the particular pace of the isotropy restoration depends very much on the object analysed. We found that the vorticity-dominated objects, such as enstrophy, tend to restore the isotropy much faster than their strain-dominated counterparts, e.g. energy flux and strain variance.
Distribution Patterns and Household Food Security Fishermen in the Village Sengkol

In detail, this study aims to: 1) describe patterns of distribution and allocation of working time, patterns of production and consumption patterns of households of fishermen; 2) to test the effect of the determining factors of the household food security of fishermen. This research use descriptive method and is designed in the form of survey. The study area is from 11 coastal villages there been one village in Sub Pujut ie Sengkol village. Determination of the village is deliberately based on coastal areas of potential for the development of seaweed. Households fishermen into the sample were selected by random sampling of 30 households of fishermen. The data have been collected and then classified for further analysis: 1) To determine the pattern of distribution and allocation of working time, patterns of production (income) and the pattern of consumption (expenditure) of households were analyzed descriptively. 2) To estimate the influence of the independent variables on household food security of fishermen analyzed by logit regression. The study concluded the following: 1) The distribution pattern of working time used for activities Household fishermen catch fish in the sea, as a trader, as labor or services. The average working time devoted during the year totaling 1,348 hours or days 192.57 or 3.69 hours per day. 2) The pattern of the distribution of household income derived from the activities of fishermen looking for fish in the sea, trade, and labor or services. The average household income of fishermen during the year amounted to Rp 24.212. 533,33. 3) The distribution pattern of household expenditure fishermen divided into expenditure on food and non-food. Average household expenditures during the year amounted fishermen Rp19.663. 700,00. 4) Determinants of household food security is a household income of fishermen household