Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Private Information Retrieval from Heterogeneous Uncoded Storage Constrained Databases with Reduced Sub-Messages.

We propose capacity-achieving schemes for private information retrieval (PIR) from uncoded databases (DBs) with both homogeneous and heterogeneous storage constraints. In the PIR setting, a user queries a set of DBs to privately download a message, where privacy implies that no one DB can infer which message the user desires. In general, a PIR scheme is comprised of storage placement and delivery designs. Previous works have derived the capacity, or infimum download cost, of PIR with uncoded storage placement and also sufficient conditions of a storage placement design to meet capacity. However, the currently proposed storage placement designs require splitting each message into an exponential number of sub-messages with respect to the number of DBs. In this work, when DBs have the same storage constraint, we propose two simple storage placement designs that satisfy the capacity conditions. Then, for more general heterogeneous storage constraints, we translate the storage placement design process into a "filling problem". We design an iterative algorithm to solve the filling problem where, in each iteration, messages are partitioned into sub-messages and stored at subsets of DBs. All of our proposed storage placement designs require a number of sub-messages per message at most equal to the number of DBs.
Lightning Voltages Measurements on an Energized Distribution Line in Colombia

This article examines the results of measured lightning-induced voltages on a rural distribution circuit in Colombia are presented. The rural network is a branched system with traditional components of the distribution system. The measurements were made in four different points, three of them at the medium voltage side and one at the low-voltage side. A total of 55 measurements was recorded divided between medium- and low-voltage ones. Furthermore, a signal spectrum and statistical analysis were registered in order to infer the main features of the overvoltages. The results show a longer duration on events at the medium voltage side but higher peak voltages at the low-voltage side.
Quasi-Steady-State Models of Three Timescale Systems: A Bond Graph Approach

Modelling in bond graph to obtain reduced models of systems with singular perturbations is applied. This singularly perturbed system is characterized by having three timescales, i.e., slow, medium, and fast dynamics. From a bond graph whose storage elements have an integral causality assignment (BGI), the mathematical model of the complete system can be determined. By assigning a derivative causality assignment to the storage elements for the fast dynamics and maintaining an integral causality assignment for the slow and medium dynamics on the bond graph, reduced models for the slow and medium dynamics are obtained. When a derivative causality to the storage elements for the fast and medium dynamics is assigned and an integral causality assignment to the slow dynamics is applied, the most reduced model is determined. Finally, the proposed methodology to the Ward Leonard system is applied.
Symmetries of space-time

The equations of Hamiltonian gravity are often considered ugly cousins of the elegant and manifestly covariant versions found in the Lagrangian theory. However, both formulations are fundamental in their own rights because they make diﬀerent statements about the nature of space-time and its symmetries. These implications, along with the history of their derivation and an introduction of recent mathematical support, are discussed here.
Simulations of Nanoscale Room Temperature Waveguide-Coupled Single-Photon Avalanche Detectors for Silicon Photonic Sensing and Quantum Applications

Photonic qubits can represent an ideal choice in quantum- information science since photons travel at the speed of light and interact weakly with the environment over long distances. In this context, technological platforms allowing the development and implementation of chip-scale integrated-photonics represent a possible solution towards scalable quantum networking schemes. However, at present, most examples of integrated quantum photonics still require the coupling of light to external photodetectors operating at very low temperatures. In this paper, we demonstrate that the GeSn/Si-in-SOI technological platform can be a good candidate to realize integrated single-photon avalanche detectors (SPADs), operating at room temperature. Thus, we report the design and simulation of waveguide-based SPADs for operation at 1550 nm and 2000 nm wavelengths. We calculate the breakdown voltage, the dark count rate (DCR), the single photon detection efficiency (SPDE), the noise equivalent power (NEP), the dark count and.
On-Chip Compensation of Stress, Temperature, and Nonlinearity in a MEMS Gyroscope

The micro-gyroscope performance has improved throughout the years as a result of extensive research, and advancements in fabrication technologies and readout electronics. Today the performance has reached to a point where the environmental effects play a significant role on the gyroscope drift. This thesis proposes on-chip stress, temperature and nonlinearity compensation techniques for high performance MEMS gyroscopes to further improve the gyroscope stability without sacrificing the noise performance.Long term drift limits the performance of the micro-gyroscopes. Temperature has been found to be one of the important sources of long term drift. But constant temperature testing of one of the state of the art gyroscopes still exhibits long term drift. The main motivation of this thesis is solving the long term gyroscope drift problem by measuring the stress of the mechanical structure with on-chip stress sensors. Towards that end, a methodology that couples finite element analysis and circuit simulation has been developed to understand the stress zero rate output (ZRO) relation. To validate the trends in the simulations, stress tests have been performed on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MEMS gyroscope that is in-house fabricated, vacuum packaged, and ovenized. This thesis successfully demonstrates that stress compensation significantly suppresses long-term drift resulting in 9°/hr/√Hz angle random walk (resolution) and 1°/hr bias instability at 10,000 s (around 3 hr) averaging time, which is a seven times improvement over the uncompensated gyroscope output.While stress compensation improves the long term stability, the noise performance of the gyroscope directly depends on the drive displacement. High drive displacement improves the gyroscope signal to noise ratio but also leads to a nonlinear force displacement behavior that isobservable as a hysteresis in the frequency-phase and frequency-amplitude relations. These nonlinearities lead to an amplitude-frequency effect where resonance frequency depends on the displacement. This affects the gyroscope long term stability. This thesis proposes a cubically shaped nonlinearity tuning comb finger design that cancels the inherent softening nonlinearity of the gyroscope by introducing a dc voltage controlled hardening nonlinearity. The functionality of the fingers is demonstrated and, furthermore, cancelling drive nonlinearities at high displacement leads to a better bias instability compared to the same displacement with uncompensated, nonlinear characteristics.
Infrared Small Target Detection via Low-Rank Tensor Completion With Top-Hat Regularization

Infrared small target detection technology is one of the key technologies in the field of computer vision. In recent years, several methods have been proposed for detecting small infrared targets. However, the existing methods are highly sensitive to challenging heterogeneous backgrounds, which are mainly due to: 1) infrared images containing mostly heavy clouds and chaotic sea backgrounds and 2) the inefficiency of utilizing the structural prior knowledge of the target. In this article, we propose a novel approach for infrared small target detection in order to take both the structural prior knowledge of the target and the self-correlation of the background into account. First, we construct a tensor model for the high-dimensional structural characteristics of multiframe infrared images. Second, inspired by the low-rank background and morphological operator, a novel method based on low-rank tensor completion with top-hat regularization is proposed, which integrates low-rank tensor completion and a ring top-hat regularization into our model. Third, a closed solution to the optimization algorithm is given to solve the proposed tensor model. Furthermore, the experimental results from seven real infrared sequences demonstrate the superiority of the proposed small target detection method. Compared with traditional baseline methods, the proposed method can not only achieve an improvement in the signal-to-clutter ratio gain and background suppression factor but also provide a more robust detection model in situations with low false–positive rates.
Method of lines and pseudospectral solutions of the forced Korteweg-de Vries equation with variable coefficients arises in elastic tube

In this paper, we solved the forced Korteweg-de vries (FKdV) with variable coef- ficient arises in nonlinear wave propagation in an elastic tube with a symmetrical stenosis filled with an inviscid fluid by two numerical methods, namely method of lines and pseudospectral method. We then compared both numerical solutions with its progressive wave solution. Both methods solve FKdV equation with maximum absolute errors of 10^−4.
The progress and perspectives of terahertz technology for diagnosis of neoplasms: a review

Over the past few decades, significant attention has been paid to the biomedical applications of terahertz (THz) technology. Nowadays, THz spectroscopy and imaging have allowed numerous demanding problems in the biological, medical, food, plant and pharmaceutical sciences to be solved. Among the biomedical applications, the label-free diagnosis of malignant and benign neoplasms represents one of the most attractive branches of THz technology. Despite this attractiveness, THz diagnosis methods are still far from being ready for use in medical practice. In this review, we consider modern research results in the THz diagnosis of malignant and benign neoplasms, along with the topical research and engineering problems which restrain the translation of THz technology to clinics. We start by analyzing the common models of THz-wave–tissue interactions and the effects of tissue exposure to THz waves. Then, we discuss the existing modalities of THz spectroscopic and imaging systems, which have either already been applied in medical imaging, or hold strong potential. We summarize the earlier-reported and original results of the THz measurements of neoplasms with different nosology and localization. We pay attention to the origin of contrast between healthy and pathological tissues in the THz spectra and images, and discuss the prospects of THz technology in non-invasive, minimally invasive and intraoperative diagnosis, as well as in aiding histology. Finally, we review the challenging problems of THz diagnosis, as well as attempts to solve them, which should bring THz technology much closer to medical practice. This review allows one to objectively uncover the benefits and weaknesses of THz technology in the diagnosis of malignant and benign neoplasms.
UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model

We document the development of the first version of the U.K. Earth System Model UKESM1. The model represents a major advance on its predecessor HadGEM2‐ES, with enhancements to all component models and new feedback mechanisms. These include a new core physical model with a well‐resolved stratosphere; terrestrial biogeochemistry with coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles and enhanced land management; tropospheric‐stratospheric chemistry allowing the holistic simulation of radiative forcing from ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide; two‐moment, five‐species, modal aerosol; and ocean biogeochemistry with two‐way coupling to the carbon cycle and atmospheric aerosols. The complexity of coupling between the ocean, land, and atmosphere physical climate and biogeochemical cycles in UKESM1 is unprecedented for an Earth system model. We describe in detail the process by which the coupled model was developed and tuned to achieve acceptable performance in key physical and Earth system quantities and discuss the challenges involved in mitigating biases in a model with complex connections between its components. Overall, the model performs well, with a stable pre‐industrial state and good agreement with observations in the latter period of its historical simulations. However, global mean surface temperature exhibits stronger‐than‐observed cooling from 1950 to 1970, followed by rapid warming from 1980 to 2014. Metrics from idealized simulations show a high climate sensitivity relative to previous generations of models: Equilibrium climate sensitivity is 5.4 K, transient climate response ranges from 2.68 to 2.85 K, and transient climate response to cumulative emissions is 2.49 to 2.66 K TtC−1.
Global Flux-Driven Simulations of Ion Temperature-Gradient and Trapped-Electron Modes Driven Turbulence with an Improved Multithreaded Gyrokinetic PIC Code

The performance of tokamak fusion plasmas is heavily linked to the radial heat and particle transport, which is known to be mainly produced by turbulence driven by micro-instabilities. Understanding such processes is thus of key importance for the design and operation of future fusion reactors such as ITER. One of the most commonly used tools to study turbulent transport in the very hot core of tokamaks is gyrokinetic theory, which aims at reducing the physical complexity by averaging out the fast gyromotion, while keeping its averaged effect. The ORB5 program is a numerical code solving the gyrokinetic Maxwell-Boltzmann system of equations to study various phenomena such as turbulent transport. It is a global particle-incell code using a finite element representation with B-spline basis function for the fields and various noise control schemes. The main objective of this work is to improve the performance and physical model of ORB5 in order to be able to carry out simulations relevant for the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) at the Swiss Plasma Center. This is done in three major steps. First, the code undergoes a complete refactoring and optimization process with the aim of increasing its maintainability and performance. Using a simple test bed being a simplification of the PIC method while retaining the key elements, various algorithms and parallelization schemes are developed. Furthermore, it is shown that one of the most critical kernels of the PIC algorithm, the charge deposition, can be accelerated by a factor 2.4 in ORB5. Second, the hybrid electron model, which is used to simulate certain electron modes at a lower numerical cost than the fully kinetic electron model, needs to be corrected. Indeed, in this model, trapped electrons are kinetic while passing electrons have an adiabatic response. This is problematic because it does not satisfy the ambipolarity condition and produces spurious sources of particles and momentum. A corrected model in which the flux-surface averaged contribution of the passing electrons is treated as kinetic is developed and implemented in ORB5. As a first step, an approximation of the flux-surface average consisting of a Fourier filter retaining only the n = m = 0 mode is tested. Linearly, both the proper flux-surface average and its n = m = 0 approximation lead to an accurate description of the geodesic acoustic mode dynamics. Nonlinearly, the n = m = 0 model exhibits interesting physical features such as sharp radial structures at the mode rational surface q = 1 and a transport regime transition. To conclude this chapter, a first attempt at studying TCV transport stiffness is shown. Finally, a moment-conserving heat source is implemented in the ORB5 code to allow
A new structural break test for panels with common factors

This paper develops new tests against a structural break in panel data models with common factors when T is fixed, where T denotes the number of observations over time. For this class of models, the available tests against a structural break are valid only under the assumption that T is ‘large’. However, this may be a stringent requirement—more commonly so in datasets with annual time frequency, in which case the sample may cover a relatively long period even if T is not large. The proposed approach builds upon existing generalized method of moments methodology and develops Distance-type and Lagrange Multiplier-type tests for detecting a structural break, both when the break point is known and when it is unknown. The proposed methodology permits weak exogeneity and/or endogeneity of the regressors. In a simulation study, the method performed well, in terms of size and power, as well as in terms of successfully locating the time of the structural break. The method is illustrated by testing the so-called ‘Gibrat’s Law’, using a dataset from 4,128 financial institutions, each one observed for the period 2002–2014.
A Transfer Classification Method for Heterogeneous Data Based on Evidence Theory

It remains a challenging problem for data classification without training patterns. In many applications, there may exist some labeled data in other related domains (called source domain), and such labeled data can be helpful to solve the classification problem in the target domain. It is considered that the source domain and target domain are heterogeneous here and they represent the distinct feature spaces. A new transfer classification method for heterogeneous data is proposed based on the evidence theory. Some pattern pairs in the source domain and target domain are given to predict the link of these two domains. For each pattern in the target domain, we estimate its possible mapping value in the source domain using these pattern pairs with a self-organizing map (SOM) technique, and then the mapping value is classified using the labeled data in the source domain. However, the patterns with close values in the target domain may have more or less different values in the source domain due to the distinct characteristics of these two domains. So the mapping value can be very uncertain sometimes. In such a case, the target pattern is allowed to have multiple mapping values with different weights/reliabilities in the source domain. These mapping values can produce different classification results. The evidence theory is good at characterizing and combining uncertain information. In order to improve the classification accuracy, a new evidence-based weighted fusion method is developed for combining these classification results, which are discounted by the corresponding weights under the belief functions framework, and the final class decision is made according to the combination result. In experimental applications, some heterogeneous remote sensing data and UCI data are used to test the performance of new method with respect to several other methods, and it shows that the new method can efficiently improve the classification accuracy.
A generalizable equilibrium model for bending soft arms with longitudinal actuators

Current models of bending in soft arms are formulated in terms of experimentally determined, arm-specific parameters, which cannot evaluate fundamental differences in soft robot arm design. Existing models are successful at improving control of individual arms but do not give insight into how the structure of the arm affects the arm’s capabilities. For example, omnidirectional soft robot arms most frequently have three parallel actuators, but may have four or more, while common biological arms, including octopuses, have tens of distinct longitudinal muscle bundles. This article presents a quasi-static analytical model of soft arms bent with longitudinal actuators, based on equilibrium principles and assuming an unknown neutral axis location. The model is presented as a generalizable framework and specifically implemented for an arm with N fluid-driven actuators, a subset of which are pressurized to induce a bend with a certain curvature and direction. The presented implementation is validated experimentally using planar (2D) and spatial (3D) bends. The planar model is used to initially estimate pressure for a closed-loop curvature control system and to bound the accessible configurations for a rapidly-exploring random trees (RRT) motion planner. A three-segment planar arm is demonstrated to navigate along a planned trajectory through a gap in a wall. Finally, the model is used to explore how the arm morphology affects maximum curvature and directional resolution. This research analytically connects soft arm structure and actuator behavior to unloaded arm performance, and the results may be used to methodically design soft robot arms.
Classifying integrable spin-1/2 chains with nearest neighbour interactions

We classify all fundamental integrable spin chains with two-dimensional (2D) local Hilbert space which have regular R-matrices of difference form. This means that the R-matrix underlying the integrable structures is of the form and reduces to the permutation operator at some particular point. We find a total of 14 independent solutions, eight of which correspond to well-known eight or lower vertex models. The remaining six models appear to be new and some have peculiar properties such as not being diagonalizable or being nilpotent. Furthermore, for even R-matrices, we find a bijection between solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation (YBE) and the graded YBE which extends our results to the graded 2D case.
Route of Delivery for Term Breech Presentation; Vaginal Versus Caesarean Section; Comparative Analysis;

route of delivery for term breech presentation either by abdominal route or vaginally is a dilemma in obstetric practice. To asses mode of delivery influencing on neonatal outcome,We conducted a prospective study done in department of obstetrics and gynecology at mandya institute of medical sciences for one and half years. Out of 273 term breech presentations 134 met our criteria. 72.3% had successful assisted breech delivery. vaginal breech delivery was associated with significantly low Apgar score(<7) at birth,compared to caesarean births. There is no significant difference in neonatal mortality or maternal mortality between two groups. Assisted breech delivery can be a route of choice in selected patients in a low resource set up.
Interface-controlled band alignment transition and optical properties of Janus MoSSe/GaN vdW heterobilayers

Since the Janus MoSSe monolayer was fabricated in 2017, it has attracted increasing attention because the out-of-plane mirror symmetry is broken. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we construct theoretically 2D Janus MoSSe/GaN van der Waals (vdW) heterobilayers, and demonstrate that it has direct band structure and a broad optical absorption spectrum from visible to the UV region. Interestingly, the S- and Se-interface can induce straddling type-I and staggered type-II band alignments, and the gap values are modified. Moreover, the interlayer coupling and electronic field effects on electronic structures depend on the interface characteristics in Janus MoSSe/GaN heterobilayers. The studies provide the idea to modify the electronic characteristics using interface characteristics in the 2D materials-based vdW heterostructures.