Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
#Fitspiration on Instagram: The effects of fitness‐related images on women’s self‐perceived sexual attractiveness

The present study looks at how exposure to Instagram #fitspiration images affects self‐rated sexual attractiveness among women. An experimental pre‐test/post‐test control group design was implemented. Four hundred and forty‐two female undergraduate students (mean age of 22.06 ± 2.15 years) were randomly exposed to either fitspiration (N = 233) or travel Instagram images (N = 209). Well known self‐report measures of Instagram use, body satisfaction, and self‐perceived sexual attractiveness were completed. The results showed that viewing fitspiration models on Instagram was more likely to lower self‐perceived sexual attractiveness among women than travel images. This effect was mediated by body satisfaction. The present findings built upon previous research that focuses on the detrimental effects of exposure to appearance‐focused Instagram profile images on body image satisfaction by showing that exposure to Instagram fitspiration might also influence women perceived sexual attractiveness. Negative consequences of social media exposure on women’s sexual well‐being need to be further investigated.
Multisurrogate-Assisted Ant Colony Optimization for Expensive Optimization Problems With Continuous and Categorical Variables

As an effective optimization tool for expensive optimization problems (EOPs), surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have been widely studied in recent years. However, most current SAEAs are designed for continuous/ combinatorial EOPs, which are not suitable for mixed-variable EOPs. This article focuses on one kind of mixed-variable EOP: EOPs with continuous and categorical variables (EOPCCVs). A multisurrogate-assisted ant colony optimization algorithm (MiSACO) is proposed to solve EOPCCVs. MiSACO contains two main strategies: 1) multisurrogate-assisted selection and 2) surrogate-assisted local search. In the former, the radial basis function (RBF) and least-squares boosting tree (LSBT) are employed as the surrogate models. Afterward, three selection operators (i.e., RBF-based selection, LSBT-based selection, and random selection) are devised to select three solutions from the offspring solutions generated by ACO, with the aim of coping with different types of EOPCCVs robustly and preventing the algorithm from being misled by inaccurate surrogate models. In the latter, sequence quadratic optimization, coupled with RBF, is utilized to refine the continuous variables of the best solution found so far. By combining these two strategies, MiSACO can solve EOPCCVs with limited function evaluations. Three sets of test problems and two real-world cases are used to verify the effectiveness of MiSACO. The results demonstrate that MiSACO performs well in solving EOPCCVs.
Variability of sleep stage scoring in late midlife and early old age

Sleep stage scoring can lead to important inter‐expert variability. Although likely, whether this issue is amplified in older populations, which show alterations of sleep electrophysiology, has not been thoroughly assessed. Algorithms for automatic sleep stage scoring may appear ideal to eliminate inter‐expert variability. Yet, variability between human experts and algorithm sleep stage scoring in healthy older individuals has not been investigated. Here, we aimed to compare stage scoring of older individuals and hypothesized that variability, whether between experts or considering the algorithm, would be higher than usually reported in the literature. Twenty cognitively normal and healthy late midlife individuals’ (61 ± 5 years; 10 women) night‐time sleep recordings were scored by two experts from different research centres and one algorithm. We computed agreements for the entire night (percentage and Cohen's κ) and each sleep stage. Whole‐night pairwise agreements were relatively low and ranged from 67% to 78% (κ, 0.54–0.67). Sensitivity across pairs of scorers proved lowest for stages N1 (8.2%–63.4%) and N3 (44.8%–99.3%). Significant differences between experts and/or algorithm were found for total sleep time, sleep efficiency, time spent in N1/N2/N3 and wake after sleep onset (p ≤ 0.005), but not for sleep onset latency, rapid eye movement (REM) and slow‐wave sleep (SWS) duration (N2 + N3). Our results confirm high inter‐expert variability in healthy aging. Consensus appears good for REM and SWS, considered as a whole. It seems more difficult for N3, potentially because human raters adapt their interpretation according to overall changes in sleep characteristics. Although the algorithm does not substantially reduce variability, it would favour time‐efficient standardization.
Food Insecurity and Associated Challenges to Healthy Eating Among American Indians and Alaska Natives With Type 2 Diabetes: Multiple Stakeholder Perspectives

Objective: To examine stakeholder perspectives on food insecurity and associated challenges to healthy eating among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Focus groups and interviews were conducted with purposively selected stakeholders: AI/ANs with T2D, their family members, healthcare administrators, nutrition and diabetes educators, and national content experts on AI/AN health. Two coders analyzed transcripts using the constant-comparison method. Results: Key themes included (1) rural- and urban-dwelling AI/ANs experience different primary food security and associated challenges; (2) factors contributing to food insecurity extend beyond cost of healthy food; and (3) barriers to consuming fresh, healthy food include cost, preparation time, limited cooking knowledge, and challenges with gardening. Discussion: Resources for AI/ANs with T2D who experience food insecurity and associated challenges to healthy eating should be tailored based on urban versus rural location and should address cost and other barriers to consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Genetic risk for subjective reports of insomnia associate only weakly with polygraphic measures of insomnia in 2,770 adults.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Subjective insomnia complaints and objective sleep changes are mostly studied outside of clinical trial studies. In this study, we tested whether 240 genetic variants associated with subjectively reported insomnia were also associated with objective insomnia parameters extracted from polysomnographic recordings (PSG) in three studies. METHODS The study sample (total N = 2,770) was composed of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (N = 1,091) and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (N = 1,026) study, two population-based studies, and the Stanford Sleep Cohort, a sleep center patient-based sample (N = 653). Seven objective PSG features related to insomnia defined outcome variables, with each variant allele serving as predictor. Meta-regression was performed, accounting for common confounders as well as variance differences between studies. Additionally, a normalized genetic risk score (nGRS) was generated for each subject to serve as a predictor variable in separate linear mixed models assessing objective insomnia features. RESULTS After correction for multiple testing, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with subjective insomnia were not significantly associated with 6 of 7 objective sleep measures. Only periodic limb movement index (PLMI) was significantly associated with rs113851554 (MEIS1), as found in previous studies. The nGRS was only weakly associated with arousal index and duration of wake after sleep onset. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that subjective insomnia does not have a strong genetic signature mapping onto objective (PSG) sleep variables.
Edge-illumination x-ray phase-contrast imaging

Although early demonstration dates back to the mid-sixties, x-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) became hugely popular in the mid-90s, thanks to the advent of 3rd generation synchrotron facilities. Its ability to reveal object features that had so far been considered invisible to x-rays immediately suggested great potential for applications across the life and the physical sciences, and an increasing number of groups worldwide started experimenting with it. At that time, it looked like a synchrotron facility was strictly necessary to perform XPCI with some degree of efficiency—the only alternative being micro-focal sources, the limited flux of which imposed excessively long exposure times. However, new approaches emerged in the mid-00s that overcame this limitation, and allowed XPCI implementations with conventional, non-micro-focal x-ray sources. One of these approaches showing particular promise for ‘real-world’ applications is edge-illumination XPCI: this article describes the key steps in its evolution in the context of contemporary developments in XPCI research, and presents its current state-of-the-art, especially in terms of transition towards practical applications.
Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice: a person-centered approach

ABSTRACT With a person-centered approach, the constellations of internal motivation and external motivation to respond without prejudice within individuals are examined, and how these relate to directly and indirectly reported levels of prejudice. Using latent profile analysis, we identified four subgroups of motivated individuals among large national samples of majority members in Germany (N = 1745) and in the Netherlands (N = 1645). With one exception, these subgroups differed in the proportion of prejudiced individuals as well as the average level of self-reported prejudice. Our findings make a contribution to the literature by highlighting the importance of considering how internal and external motivations are organized within individuals for understanding their prejudicial responses.
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Turtles

The discovery in mammals that fetal testes are required in order to develop the male phenotype inspired research efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying gonadal sex determination and differentiation in vertebrates. A pioneer work in 1966 that demonstrated the influence of incubation temperature on sexual phenotype in some reptilian species triggered great interest in the environment’s role as a modulator of plasticity in sex determination. Several chelonian species have been used as animal models to test hypotheses concerning the mechanisms involved in temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). This brief review intends to outline the history of scientific efforts that corroborate our current understanding of the state-of-the-art in TSD using chelonian species as a reference.
Comparing the Invertebrate Communities and the Decomposition Dynamics Between Dead Native and Non-Native Trees in a Seasonal Everglades Wetland

Abstract A 6-year time-series study in the Western Everglades region of Florida, United States examined the influence of woody debris from two tree species on invertebrate richness, abundance, and diversity, as well as tree debris mass loss, fragmentation, and residence time. Samples of decomposing fine woody debris and coarse woody debris (CWD) from non-native Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake and native Pinus elliottii Englem trees were removed from a field site every six months and processed to capture data on biotic and abiotic variables. Invertebrates found within debris were identified to family. A total of 61,985 individual invertebrates from three classes, 17 orders, and 95 families were identified from all debris. Although both tree species supported similar richness and diversity of invertebrates, abundance was greater in P. elliottii CWD compared with M. quinquenervia. Mass loss and fragmentation of debris were more rapid in M. quinquenervia fine woody debris with no differences between species for CWD. Although M. quinquenervia CWD supported fewer invertebrates than P. elliottii, overall the exotic tree provided a similar resource during the decomposition phase as the native P. elliottii suggesting that, unlike when it is alive, its decomposing presence had a minimal impact on invertebrate food webs. Land managers should consider specific intervals between herbicide applications and controlled burns to decrease the magnitude of fires in areas where a significant portion of the fuel load consists of dead M. quinquenervia, knowing that the decomposing trees are providing significant resources for invertebrate communities in the meantime.
Development of an antigen-ELISA and a colloidal gold–based immunochromatographic strip based on monoclonal antibodies for detection of avian influenza A(H5) viruses

Avian influenza A(H5) viruses (avian IAVs) pose a major threat to the economy and public health. We developed an antigen-ELISA (ag-ELISA) and a colloidal gold–based immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of avian A(H5) viruses. Both detection methods displayed no cross-reactivity with other viruses (e.g., other avian IAVs, infectious bursal disease virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian paramyxovirus). The ag-ELISA was sensitive down to 0.5 hemagglutinin (HA) units/100 µL of avian A(H5) viruses and 7.5 ng/mL of purified H5 HA proteins. The immunochromatographic strip was sensitive down to 1 HA unit/100 µL of avian A(H5) viruses. Both detection methods exhibited good reproducibility with CVs < 10%. For 200 random poultry samples, the sensitivity and specificity of the ag-ELISA were 92.6% and 98.8%, respectively, and for test strips were 88.9% and 98.3%, respectively. Both detection methods displayed high specificity, sensitivity, and stability, making them suitable for rapid detection and field investigation of avian A(H5) viruses.
Salibaculum halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Salibaculum griseiflavum sp. nov., in the family Rhodobacteraceae.

Two Gram-stain-negative, moderately halophilic, non-motile, rod-shaped, pale yellow, and aerobic strains, designated WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T, were isolated from a marine solar saltern in Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China. Growth of strain WDS1C4T occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), with 4-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 %) and at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). Growth of strain WDS4C29T occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum, 40 °C), with 2-18 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %) and at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). Q-10 was the sole respiratory quinone of the two strains. The major polar lipids of strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The major cellular fatty acid in strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T was C18 : 1 ω7c, and the genomic DNA G+C contents of strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T were 67.6 and 63.3 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T were members of the family Rhodobacteraceae and showed 94.3 and 95.3 % similarities to their closest relative, Celeribacter indicus, respectively. The similarity between WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T was 97.3 %. Differential phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the two isolates from recognized genera showed that the two strains should be classified as representing two novel species in a new genus for which the names Salibaculum halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. (type species, type strain WDS1C4T=MCCC 1H00179T=KCTC 52542T) and Salibaculum griseiflavum sp. nov. (WDS4C29T=MCCC 1H00175T=KCTC 52541T) are proposed.
Comparison of the effect of hyaluronic acid injection versus extracorporeal shockwave therapy on chronic plantar fasciitis: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of pain in the plantar region of the heel, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is an option used in cases where conservative treatment fails. Hyaluronic acid (HA), initially used for osteoarthrosis, is a treatment option because it has been applied to extra-articular regions, such as tendons, ligaments, and fascia. The aim of the present study will be to evaluate the outcomes of pain, function, and personal satisfaction after a single injection of HA and to compare the results with those of ESWT in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. Methods The study will include 80 patients who will be randomized to receive three sessions of ESWT (n = 40) or a single ultrasound-guided HA injection in the plantar fascia (n = 40). The outcomes will include the visual analog pain scale score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). All of the assessments will be performed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Statistical analysis will be performed using the repeated measures ANOVA (analysis of variance test) for primary and secondary outcomes and also Fisher’s Least Significant Difference, a Post-Hoc test. We will use R software for statistical analysis, randomization, and sample size calculation. Results Recruitment and data collection will begin in November 2020, with completion scheduled for November 2022 and final publication available in March 2023. Conclusion This trial will evaluate the effects of a single ultrasound-guided HA injection for the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Trial registration Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (Register Number: RBR-97vkx4) http://www.ensaiosclinicos. gov.br/rg/RBR-97vkx4/.
THE EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON GROWTH AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. SEEDLINGS

In recent years, many research studies have been conducted on the effects of magnetic field on plants. But certain mechanisms regarding magnetic influences have not been defined yet. In this study, effects of magnetic fields (MF) on the growth parameters and enzyme activities of Helianthus annuus L. were investigated. Sterilized seeds in sterile conditions were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mT of MF. One day after the treatments percentage of seed germination was increased at 0.5 mT. Different MF densities had no significant effects on root length and fresh weight of leaves. The highest level of shoot length was gained at 1 mT. In this treatment the activity of auxin oxidase was significantly decreased compared with that of the control samples. The activity of the catalase and peroxidase were decreased by MF. The minimum level of protein content and catalase and peroxidase activity were observed in the samples exposed to 1 mT of MF while there were no significant differences in the ascorbate peroxidase activity of different treatments. MF caused a reduction in chlorophyll a, b in all treatments compared to the control. The Results confirmed that the intensity of the MF had different effects on the growth parameters and enzyme activity.
Bifunctional Composites for Biofilms Modulation on Cervical Restorations

Cervical composites treating root carious and noncarious cervical lesions usually extend subgingivally. The subgingival margins of composites present poor plaque control, enhanced biofilm accumulation, and cause gingival irritation. A potential material to restore such lesions should combine agents that interfere with bacterial biofilm development and respond to acidic conditions. Here, we explore the use of new bioresponsive bifunctional dental composites against mature microcosm biofilms derived from subgingival plaque samples. The designed formulations contain 2 bioactive agents: dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) at 3 to 5 wt. % and 20 wt. % nanosized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) in a base resin. Composites with no DMAHDM and NACP were used as controls. The newly formulated 5% DMAHDM–20% NACP composite was analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The wettability and surface-free energy were also assessed. The inhibitory effect on the in vitro biofilm growth and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of survival bacterial colonies derived from the composites were analyzed. Whole-biofilm metabolic activity, polysaccharide production, and live/dead images of the biofilm grown over the composites complement the microbiological assays. Overall, the designed formulations had higher contact angles with water and lower surface-free energy compared to the commercial control. The DMAHDM-NACP composites significantly inhibited the growth of total microorganisms, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum by 3 to 5-log (P < 0.001). For the colony isolates from control composites, the composition was typically dominated by the genera Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Eikenella, and Leptotrichia, while Fusobacterium and Veillonella dominated the 5% DMAHDM–20% NACP composites. The DMAHDM-NACP composites contributed to over 80% of reduction in metabolic and polysaccharide activity. The suppression effect on plaque biofilms suggested that DMAHDM-NACP composites might be used as a bioactive material for cervical restorations. These results may propose an exciting path to prevent biofilm growth and improve dental composite restorations’ life span.
AlN-based film buck acoustic resonator operated in shear mode for detection of carcinoembryonic antigens

A film buck acoustic resonator (FBAR) operated in shear mode was fabricated and integrated with a microchannel for detection of the carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA). c-Axis inclined aluminium nitride (AlN) film was deposited on the Bragg reflector by rotating the substrate holder plate and using reactive magnetron sputtering. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel was integrated with the fabricated resonator. The XRD results exhibited coexisting (002) and (101) orientations corresponding to the c-axis inclined AlN film. The resonant frequency of the FBAR was located at near 1.2 GHz. The average electromechanical coupling factor Keff2 and quality factor Q were 3.19% and 170, respectively. The frequency shift of the biosensor was proportionately increased as the concentration of the immobilized anti-CEA aptamer increased. The CEA binding ratio was initially increased with antibody concentration reaching a highest value at 47.04%. The mass sensitivity of the fabricated biosensor was calculated to be approximately 2045.89 Hz cm2 ng−1.
KMDATA: a curated database of reconstructed individual patient-level data from 153 oncology clinical trials

Abstract We created a database of reconstructed patient-level data from published clinical trials that includes multiple time-to-event outcomes such as overall survival and progression-free survival. Outcomes were extracted from Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves reported in 153 oncology Phase III clinical trial publications identified through a PubMed search of clinical trials in breast, lung, prostate and colorectal cancer, published between 2014 and 2016. For each trial that met our search criteria, we curated study-level information and digitized all reported KM curves with the software Digitizelt. We then used the digitized KM survival curves to estimate (possibly censored) patient-level time-to-event outcomes. Collections of time-to-event datasets from completed trials can be used to support the choice of appropriate trial designs for future clinical studies. Patient-level data allow investigators to tailor clinical trial designs to diseases and classes of treatments. Patient-level data also allow investigators to estimate the operating characteristics (e.g. power and type I error rate) of candidate statistical designs and methods. Database URL: https://10.6084/m9.figshare. 14642247.v1