Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of slurry characterization method by constant pressure filtration : Analysis of cake forming behavior

The particle-packing structure of Al 2 O 3 slurry was evaluated by using constant pressure filtration. The influences of initial solid concentration and dispersant amount on the cake forming behavior were discussed. It wasshown that the packing fraction of formed cake is almost independent of filtration pressure under 10 vol% of initial solid concentration. However at a relatively high solid concentration (20 and 35 vol%), the packing fraction of cake increased with filtration pressure. The cake forming behavior was classified into four patterns by plotting the resistance of the formed cake as a function of particle volume in the formed cake; the plots were (a) a straight line, (b) a convex curve, (c) a concave curve, and (d) a combination of a concave curve and a flat line. The particle dispersion and flocculate degree were discussed on the basis of the results obtained by constant-pressure filtration.
Protonation-Dependent Binding of Ruthenium Bipyridyl Complexes to the Anatase(101) Surface

In dye-sensitized solar cells, three structurally similar dyes are commonly employed to sensitize anatase nanocrystals, namely, the cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)-ruthenium(II) dye (N3) and its twice deprotonated (N719) and completely deprotonated (N712) forms. Using density functional theory, several possible binding geometries of these dyes are identified on the anatase(101) surface. Computed relative energies show that protonation of the surface can strongly influence the relative stabilities of these configurations and could induce a conformational transition from double bidentate-bridged binding to mixed bidentate/monodentate binding. Attenuated total reflection (ATR)-IR experiments and computed vibrational spectra provide additional support for a protonation-dependent equilibrium between two different configurations. Furthermore, self-assembly in chains of hydrogen-bonded dye molecules seems structurally favorable on the anatase(101) surface; for enantiopure dyes, a pa.
Nitrogen addition and mowing affect microbial nitrogen transformations in a C4 grassland in northern China

Microbial nitrogen (N) transformations play a key role in regulating N cycling in grassland ecosystems. However, there is still little information on how management of semi‐arid grassland such as mowing and/or N fertilizer application affects microbial activity and N transformations. In a field experiment in northern China, N was added at a rate of 10 g N m−2 year−1 as NH4NO3 to mown and unmown plots (4 × 4 m2) and in situ rates of net ammonification (Ramm), nitrification (Rnit) and mineralization (Rmin) were followed at monthly intervals for the vegetation growth periods in the years 2006–2009. In addition, we also measured soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), microbial respiration (MR) and peak above‐ground biomass in August of each measurement year. Driven by the pronounced inter‐annual variability of rainfall, all the properties investigated varied markedly across years. Nevertheless, we were able to demonstrate that over the 4 years N addition significantly stimulated Rnit, Rmin and MBN, on average, by 288, 149 and 11.6%, respectively. However, N addition decreased MBC significantly as well as the ratio of MBC:MBN by, on average, 10 and 23%, respectively, whereas an effect of N addition on MR could not be demonstrated. Mowing decreased MBN, MR and qCO2 significantly by 9, 28 and 24%, respectively, but no effects were found on microbial net N transformation rates and MBC. N addition and mowing interactively affected Ramm and Rmin, and MBN, MBC:MBN. In summary, our results indicate a positive effect of N addition but a negative effect of mowing on microbial N transformation in this C4 grassland in northern China.
Solution-processed organic transistors based on semiconducting blends

The latest advances in the use of solution processable organic semiconductor blends for organic field effect transistor (OFET) applications are reviewed. We summarise multi-component, thin film microstructure formation from solution with particular focus on phase separation and crystallisation of components. These approaches can then be applied to semiconducting materials and their use in organic devices. Several key applications are studied, namely ambipolar systems with n- and p-type components, high charge carrier mobility and uniform films for high performance OFETs, and the potential for self-assembly during OFET fabrication. Blending materials can in all cases be used to combine the advantageous properties of the individual components.
Study of TiO2 deactivation during gaseous acetone photocatalytic oxidation

Abstract The kinetics of the deep photocatalytic oxidation of acetone was studied. Special attention was paid to the thermal deactivation process. The rate of the reaction reaches a peak at about 100°C. With increasing concentration of water vapor the peak shifts towards higher temperature, whereas with increasing acetone concentration the peak shifts towards lower temperature. An increase in water vapor concentration slightly decreases the rate of oxidation at 40°C and increases it at temperatures above the rate maximum. The presence of two types of acetone adsorption sites was deduced from two νC=O bands of adsorbed acetone at 1683 and 1710 cm−1 and can explain the dependence of the rate on acetone concentration. The rate of oxidation increases at temperatures below the peak, mainly because of the increase in the rate coefficient at the sites of the first type. This behavior has been ascribed to the thermal oxidation of an intermediate of the photocatalytic process. Abrupt drop in rate at temperatures above the peak is due to the partial oxidation products of acetone thermal oxidation that modify the TiO2 surface.
Acúmulo e distribuição de nutrientes em Eucalyptus grandis sob diferentes densidades populacionais

This experiment was carried out in Santa Barbara county, Minas Gerais State, Brazil to evaluate the effect of plant population (PP) on nutrient accumulation and distribution in Eucalyptus grandis. Plant population varied from 500 to 5,000 trees ha-1, laid out in a randomized block design with three replicates. The assessments were performed when the trees were 31 month-old, by sampling tissues from the above ground components of an average tree per plot, forest floor, and soil to the depth of 195 cm. The relations among P, N, K and Mg contents in the above ground biomass of the tree, the P, Ca and Mg utilization efficiency by the stem, and PP were better described by quadratic equations. A nutrient balance sheet, estimate based on the nutrients accumulated in the biomass and on the amount available or exchangeable in the soil, indicated the P, K and Ca would limit tree growth in the next cycle, 31 months after planting, for PP above 833 trees ha-1.
Characterisation of the essential oils of some cultivated aromatic plants of industrial interest

The compositions of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L, Salvia lavandulifolia V and Lavandula latifolia M, obtained by steam distillation from plants cultivated in the northeast of Spain, have been studied by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The essential oil of rosemary appears to be more complex and richer in flavour notes than other previously studied Spanish rosemary oils, and has an intermediate ratio of α-pinene and of 1,8-cineole in relation to essential oils of rosemary of different geographical origins, but higher proportions of camphor, verbenone and linalool. The essential oil of sage has proportions of 1,8-cineole, camphor, endo-borneol, trans-caryophyllene and α-humulene closer to commercial Salvia officinalis L than to other Spanish sages of different geographical locations, and the difference from commercial Salvia officinalis L is due principally to the higher ratio of terpene hydrocarbons and the lower proportion of thujone in the Spanish sage studied here. The essential oil of the spike lavender has the same main components and similar proportions as other Spanish wild and commercial spike lavender essen-tial oils, but shows differences in the nature of the minor components (rhodinol fraction).
Catalytic Activity of Carbon-Supported Electrocatalysts for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell Applications

The catalytic activity of some carbon-supported electrocatalysts toward the ethanol oxidation reaction EOR and the oxygen reduction reaction ORR in the presence of ethanol was investigated. It was found that anodes based on PtSn alloys possess a higher catalytic activity for the EOR, compared to other anode catalysts such as Pt, PtRu, and Pt oxide. For example, when tested in a direct ethanol fuel cell, a twofold increase was observed in the current density obtained from a PtSn–Pt membrane electrode assembly MEA configuration at 0.4 V, compared to the current density obtained from a PtRu–Pt MEA. Furthermore, it was found that cathode catalysts based on Ru/C exhibit a good catalytic activity for the ORR and a high selectivity for this reaction in the presence of ethanol. The results showed that in the presence of 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 M ethanol concentrations, a decrease in the onset potential of about 60, 62, and 68 mV emerged, respectively. These values were about ten times lower than those measured for some Pt-based cathode catalysts tested in this study in the presence of 0.125 M EtOH. Accordingly, an ethanol fuel cell based on a PtSn/C anode and a Ru/C cathode showed important current density vs cell voltage characteristics.
Determination of Paraquat and Diquat by Combination of Nanoparticles-Based Extraction with Capillary Electrophoresis

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been used as concentrating probes to extract paraquat and diquat from aqueous solution before capillary electrophoretic analysis. Adsorption of paraquat and diquat onto SiNPs is mainly through electrostatic interaction. After extraction and centrifugation, the analytes were eluted from the surface of SINPs by rinsing with acetic acid solution. The extract was directly analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with UV absorption detection. Using SiNPs to concentrate the analytes from 10 mL of aqueous solution, the enrichment factors for paraquat and diquat were 75 and 192, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) at signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were 0.03 and 0.05 μM for paraquat and diquat, respectively. This developed method was applied to the determination of paraquat in mung bean. The LOD of paraquat in mung bean was 0.1 μg/g.
Surface Heat Transfer Coefficients for Steam/Air Mixtures in Two Pilot Scale Retorts

Surface heat transfer coefficients (h) for steam/air mixtures were studied in a vertical, positive flow retort and a horizontal, forced circulation Lagarde retort, using rectangular metal bricks. Influences of test brick orientation and fractional steam content (S), temperature, flow rate and direction of the heating medium on h values were studied. In both retorts, steam content was found to be the major factor (p 0.05). Flow direction and flow rate in the positive flow retort, and brick orientation in the Lagarde retort also influenced h. Exponential equations, h = a exp (bS), described relationships between h and S, with a and b dependent upon retort type, flow rate, flow direction and test brick orientation.
Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from Zataria multiflora Boiss

Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) has recently gained attention for the extraction of essential oils. A concern with the use of MAHD is the possibility of sample deterioration during the extended exposure to microwave irradiation. In this study, MAHD was applied as a new and green technology for the extraction of essential oil from Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Shirazi thyme) aerial parts. Superior results were obtained with the proposed method in terms of extraction time [1 h vs. 4 h in hydrodistillation (HD)] for an essential oil recovery of 3.66 and 3.44%, respectively. Images obtained from thyme leaves using scanning electron microscopy indicated a sudden eruption of essential oil glands undergoing MAHD. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils did not indicate any new or missing compounds in the essential oil obtained by MAHD in comparison with that by HD. Therefore, a microwave oven can be safely used for the extraction of essential oil from Shirazi thyme.
Preparation and Evaluation of Fast-Disintegrating Effervescent Tablets of Glibenclamide

Fast-dissolving effervescent tablets (FETs) were prepared by the modification of nonreactive liquid-based wet granulation technique. Effervescent systems are not stable in the presence of trace amount of moisture, and elimination or inactivation of free water is the key to stability apart from manufacturing in controlled humidity environment. Our main objective of the project was to develop FETs of glibenclamide based on highly plastic granules that can be compressed at low pressure to form fast-melting pharmaceutical tablets. In this study, we have screened various acid and carbonate sources for the effervescent system. Citric acid was coated with plastic materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), which provide a physical barrier to the reaction. The inherent hygroscopic nature of PEG could decrease the affinity for moisture of effervescent mixtures and can provide a stabilizing effect. Sodium bicarbonate was blended with sugar alcohol like mannitol, which would give a protective coating. PEG 1000 melts at body temperature (∼37°C) and thereby does not delay the reaction between the acid source and base. The present formulation using citric acid–sodium bicarbonate and citric acid–sodium glycine carbonate tablet with PEG and mannitol was found to have better reaction properties and reaction stability than does the standard citric acid–sodium bicarbonate tablet. FETs of glibenclamide might aid in dissolution due to increase in microenvironmental pH around the granules and saliva. Sensory study on disintegration time and mouth feel attributes ranked the present formulation based on grittiness, chalkiness, and overall preference as best.
Detoxification of 4-chlorophenol in TiO2 sunlight system: effect of raw and treated solution on seed germination and plants growth of various sensitive vegetables

The mineralization and detoxification of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) were studied using a TiO2-paper/sunlight system. The possibility of reusing the photocatalyst was examined to determine the cost effectiveness of the method. Experiments were performed to establish optimum conditions for 4-CP removal. Phytotoxicity of photo-treated and raw 4-CP (100 mg L−1) solutions on seed germination and plant growth were carried out with the aim of water reuse and environment protection. The seeds irrigated with raw 4-CP solution showed lower sprout length while increase in sprout length was observed with the photo-treated solution for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), onion (Allium cepa), and turnip (Brassica rapa). Plant growth tests with the photo-treated 4-CP solution did not affect the leaf numbers compared to those irrigated with tap water. Photo-treated 4-CP solution can be used for irrigation in agriculture.
Signatures of large amplitude motion in a weakly bound complex: High-resolution IR spectroscopy and quantum calculations for HeCO2

The infrared spectrum of the HeCO2 van der Waals molecule is recorded in the region of the CO2 ν3 asymmetric stretch via direct absorption of a tunable Pb–salt diode laser. HeCO2 is formed in a slit jet supersonic expansion; the slit valve and the stagnation gas must be precooled to −35 °C before substantial formation of the complex is observed. Sixty‐six rovibrational transitions are recorded by exciting the ν3 asymmetric stretch of the CO2 monomer within the complex. Forty‐three of these transitions can be assigned using internally consistent combination differences as a b‐type band of a T‐shaped asymmetric rotor. There are several indications that large amplitude motion is significant in HeCO2, including the poor quality of the fit to an asymmetric rotor model and the large positive inertial defects of Δ=8.54 and 10.98 uA2 in the ground and excited states, respectively. However, a hindered rotor analysis based on these inertial defects demonstrates that the CO2 motion within the complex is far from the.
Crystal structure determination of a ternary Cu(In,Sn)2 intermetallic phase by electron diffraction

Small grains of an intermetallic phase with an approximate composition Cu(In,Sn)2 were observed in a metal matrix composite obtained from powders of a Cu–Al–Ni shape-memory alloy and an In–Sn matrix alloy. Samples of this composite were prepared for transmission electron microscopy and the crystal structure of the intermetallic phase was carefully investigated by applying electron diffraction techniques (microdiffraction, convergent-beam electron diffraction and precession), based on the analysis of the symmetry and the relative positions of reflections in the zero- and high-order Laue zones. It was found that the intermetallic phase has a body-centred tetragonal unit cell with lattice parameters a = 0.70 (3) nm and c = 0.56 (2) nm. Its crystal symmetry can be described by the I4/mcm (No. 140) space group.
APLIKASI RASCH MODEL: PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN TES UNTUK MENGUKUR MISKONSEPSI MAHASISWA PADA MATERI MEKANIKA

The purpose of this research is to find out the feasibility of misconception test instruments on mechanical material using the rasch model on Physics Education Study Program Students at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University Even Semester 2018-2019. This research uses the R & D (Research and Development) method. The results showed that the misconception test instruments developed were feasible to use with regard to the criteria based on the Rasch model application. The validity of the construct of the item instrument was developed so that it obtained a level of conformity between the response of students and the test instrument, 10 items developed, entered into the good or accepted category so that it was concluded that there was no misconception from the students on the items, the results were 0, 57 in the weak category and reliability of the questions obtained enough results of 1.53, students with codes A0, A1, A2, A2, A2, A2 & A3 with +2 logit values, indicate that some students already understand the concepts that have been tested , in the middle ability with +1 logit value and also there are three students with low ability with logit -2 value which means that there are still some students who still misconcept about the material concept being tested.
C-rotational echo double resonance: Heteronuclear dipolar recoupling with homonuclear dipolar decoupling

We propose a series of heteronuclear dipolar recoupling schemes which are insensitive to the presence of homonuclear dipolar interaction. The schemes are based on the pulse symmetry CNnν. The optimum choices for N, n, and ν were determined with the help of Average Hamiltonian Theory (AHT). The lowest-order AHT shows that the pulse symmetries with n=N and ν=1 are suitable for the recoupling of heteronuclear dipolar interactions. Together with the parabolic approximation of the dephasing curve, we develop a powerful experimental strategy to characterize the van Vleck’s second moments for multiple-spin systems under conditions of very fast magic-angle spinning. These new pulse symmetries are superior to the rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) method and other recoupling schemes as far as the interference of the homonuclear dipolar interaction is concerned. Preliminary experimental results on crystalline model compounds are given to illustrate the utility of our approach.
Ion rotating motion in a gas-filled radio-frequency quadrupole ion guide as a new technique for structural and kinetic investigations of ions

An ion rotating excitation mode of operation of a segmented gas-filled radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) ion guide for a high-resolution orthogonal time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer is described. It is shown theoretically, by computer simulation and experimentally, that ion rotating excitation in a gas-filled RFQ has several advantages over other types of ion oscillation excitation. The main advantages are an approximately twofold increase in average ion kinetic energy for the same maximal deviation from the RFQ axis and therefore an increase of about this factor of average internal excitation energy of ions, and the extended mass range of fragment ions that can be observed. The new method of ion decomposition by ion rotation around the axis of an RFQ ion guide was experimentally implemented and tested using a home-built ‘SIN-COS’ generator to supply the excitation voltage. This generator enables control of phase shift and amplitude of excitation voltages applied to quadrupole rods smoothly from the data acquisition program running on a PC. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of an emulsion of leaky dielectric drops immersed in a simple shear flow: Drops more conductive than the suspending fluid

Direct numerical simulation is used to examine the rheological properties of an emulsion of leaky dielectric fluids when an electric field is applied to the system. The emulsion consisting of neutrally buoyant drops is immersed in a simple shear flow where an electric potential difference is applied between the plates. It is assumed that drops are more conductive than the suspending fluid and that the electrical conductivity ratio between the drops and the suspending fluid, R=σi∕σo, is larger than the dielectric permittivity ratio, S=eo∕ei. If a single leaky dielectric drop is immersed in an electric field, this combination of properties leads to a viscous fluid motion from the equator to the poles. The response of an emulsion depends on the competition between the electrical forces and the fluid shear. This relation is quantified by the Mason number, Mn=(3λ+2)μγ∕6(λ+1)e0β2E∞2. The significance of drop deformability is measured through the electric capillary number, Ce=e0β2E∞2a∕γ. The microstructure and .
Efficient Pb Translocation by 'Purple Petticoats' cv. of Heuchera L. from Contaminated Soil in a Coal Basin

The post-mining area of Dąbrowskie Coal Basin is highly contaminated with toxic metals such as Cd, Pb, and Zn. In our previous research Heuchera cv. 'Purple Petticoats' has shown the ability to Pb uptake and effective transport into leaves. The purpose of this experiment was to check whether the time of cultivation and use of nutrients would change the reaction of plants to Pb uptake in soil with low-level pollution (75 mg·kg -1 ). Pb content was analyzed in soil and plant tissues. Young plants (11 months old) absorb more Pb but stop it in their roots. Contrarily, plants grown for three consecutive seasons in one place were characterized by BAF~0.5 and TF~0.5. Pb amount in soil on plots where fertilizer was used was reduced by 9%, and without fertilizing by 20%.
A simple low-cost synthesis of brookite TiO_2 nanoparticles

A new low-cost synthesis of brookite TiO_2nanoparticles using isopropanol as both the solvent and ligand is described here. Other ligands can be bound to the titania surface during or postsynthesis to tailor the particles’ functionality. The often extremely rapid hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide has been successfully controlled so that nanoparticle growth is achieved. The resulting 4-nm particles are nonagglomerated, stable in solution, and have a low polydispersity. The synthesis is scalable and enables the simple fabrication of large amounts of titania nanoparticles that do not scatter visible light and are highly suited for incorporation into optical composites.
Neutral Polymeric Bonding Agents (NPBA) and Their Use in Smokeless Composite Rocket Propellants Based on HMX‐GAP‐BuNENA

Landsem, Eva; Jensen, Tomas Lunde; Hansen, Finn Knut; Unneberg, Erik; Kristensen, Tor Erik Holt. Neutral Polymeric Bonding Agents (NPBA) and Their Use in Smokeless Composite Rocket Propellants Based on HMXGAP- BuNENA. Propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics 2012 ;Volum 37. (5) s. 581-591