Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Potential Use of STEM Approach in Biology Lessons Refers to Development of Science in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the development and effectiveness of STEM in biology learning, referring to the development of STEM in science in Indonesia. This research is a literature study that examines some research articles that are compatible with the research theme. The research sample was taken purposively based on items related to the research theme, the research journal articles used came from searches on google scholar data, totaling 45 articles with a range of the last five years (2016-2020). The results of this study indicate that the most widely conducted research is to test the impact, influence, or effectiveness of 55.56%, the most commonly used research design is the quasi-experimental 44.90%, the data collection technique uses the 51.47% test, the most data analysis using N-gain 33.33%, the learning model that is most integrated with STEM is PjBL 31.11%, the effectiveness of STEM application in biology learning is dominated by the effectiveness of increasing learning outcomes 20%, 18% creative thinking, 14% understanding of concepts. Based on the analysis of the results, it can be projected that STEM will also be able to improve critical thinking skills, communication skills, mathematical skills, environmental literacy, scientific literacy, creativity, science process skills, argument skills, conservation character, misconceptions, scientific attitudes, and collaboration.
An Unprecedented 2-Dimensional Discrete-Time Fractional-Order System and Its Hidden Chaotic Attractors

Some endeavors have been recently dedicated to explore the dynamic properties of the fractional-order discrete-time chaotic systems. To date, attention has been mainly focused on fractional-order discrete-time systems with “self-excited attractors. ” This paper makes a contribution to the topic of fractional-order discrete-time systems with “hidden attractors” by presenting a new 2-dimensional discrete-time system without equilibrium points. The conceived system possesses an interesting property not explored in the literature so far, i.e., it is characterized, for various fractional-order values, by the coexistence of various kinds of chaotic attractors. Bifurcation diagrams, computation of the largest Lyapunov exponents, phase plots, and the 0-1 test method are reported, with the aim to analyze the dynamics of the system, as well as to highlight the coexistence of chaotic attractors. Finally, an entropy algorithm is used to measure the complexity of the proposed system.
Vitamin D : Oxidative Stress, Immunity, and Aging

The hormonal precursor and parent compound, vitamin D3, either can be obtained in the diet or formed from 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin (epidermis) via a nonenzymatic, UV light-dependent reaction (Figure 1.1). Vitamin D3 is then transported to the liver, where it is hydroxylated at the C-25 position of the side chain to produce 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D), which is the major circulating form of vitamin D3. The final step in the production of the hormonal form occurs mainly, but not exclusively, in the kidney via a tightly regulated 1α-hydroxylation reaction (Figure 1.1). The cytochrome P450-containing (CYP) enzymes that catalyze 25and 1α-hydroxylations are microsomal CYP2R1 (Cheng et al. 2003) and mitochondrial CYP27B1, respectively. As depicted in Figure 1.1, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) circulates, bound to plasma vitamin D binding protein, to various target tissues to exert its endocrine actions, which are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Many of the long-recognized functions of 1,25D involve the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, raising the blood levels of these ions to facilitate bone mineralization, as well as activating bone resorption as part of the remodeling cycle (Haussler et al. 2010). In addition to affecting bone mineral homeostasis by functioning at the small intestine and bone, 1,25D also acts through its VDR mediator to influence a number of other cell types. These extraosseous actions of 1,25D-VDR include differentiation of certain cells in skin (Bikle and Pillai 1993) and in the immune system (Mora et al. 2008; Figure 1.1). Interestingly, the skin and the immune system are now recognized as extrarenal sites of CYP27B1 action to produce 1,25D locally for autocrine and paracrine effects (Adams et al. 1985; Omdahl et al. 2002), creating intracrine systems (Figure 1.1) for extraosseous 1,25D-VDR functions distinct from the renal endocrine actions of 1,25D-VDR on the small intestine and skeleton. Apparently, higher circulating 25D levels are required for optimal intracrine actions of 1,25D (Figure 1.1). This insight stems from the importance of attaining CONTENTS
A Computer-Based Simulation Showing Balance of the Population of Predator and Prey and the Effects of Human Intervention

In this paper, a computer-based simulation of the predator-prey model has been proposed. The prey is a source of food for the predator, which is necessary for the prey’s survival. Various models, such as the Lotka-Volterra model and the cellular automata model, have been used to simulate predator and prey movement in a population. These methods have been discussed briefly. The limitations of both these methods have been highlighted. After discussing the limitations of both these methods, a novel computer-based simulation has been proposed to address the previous models’ limitations. Since this model takes into account a more realistic movement of predator and prey, it has been used to study the harmful effects of human intervention on the environment. In this simulation, the birth of predators and prey by mating, the death of predators and prey due to starvation, and the death of prey due to attacks from predators are taken into consideration. In the first case, there is no human intervention. In the next two cases, human intervention is taken into consideration. In one case, the proportion of predators in the population increases, and in the other case, the prey population increases. A comparison has been made between all three cases, and a study has been done showing how human intervention affects the population of predators and prey over a long time.
Reduced-Order-VSM-Based Frequency Controller for Wind Turbines

Frequency support capability is becoming an important requirement for wind turbines, as wind power is increasingly integrated into power systems. In this paper, a frequency controller is implemented and validated. Such a controller allows wind turbines to help regulate the system frequency automatically and includes virtual inertia to help limit the rate of change of frequency. Compared with other methods, the controller achieves satisfactory frequency support capability with considerable simplicity. The controller is added to the grid-side converter controls, together with cascaded inner loops, which enables wind turbines to operate in grid-forming mode with overcurrent protection. The influence of the controller parameters on the frequency response is investigated.
Experimental Determination of Pedestrian Thermal Comfort on Water-Retaining Pavement for UHI Adaptation Strategy

Artificial impervious surfaces are one of the most significant factors contributing to urban heat islands (UHIs). Adapting to UHIs is a challenge in achieving thermal comfort. We conducted a quantitative and subjective evaluation of a closely paved novel water-retaining pavement (WR) and a conventional dense-asphalt pavement (AS). We investigated the thermal states of humans based on the human energy balance known as “human thermal load” as an indicator for the assessment, and the original human thermal load method was improved for assessing nonuniform environments such as pavements. We looked for individual thermal perceptions simultaneously. The experiment was conducted in typical summer weather. The surface temperature of the WR was found to be significantly lower, by 9.5 °C, while the air temperature and humidity above both pavements were not significantly different. Thus, air conditions did not directly affect the sensible and latent heat loss. The reflected solar radiation was significantly larger, and the infrared radiation was significantly smaller on the WR than on the AS due to the lower surface temperature from the water evaporation and higher reflectance. Further, the human thermal load at a pedestrian level of 1.5 m was found to be significantly different: 237 W/m2 for AS and 215 W/m2 for WR. In a subjective evaluation, the perceptions of WR tend to be distributed in smaller human thermal load, thereby resulting in a cooler and comfortable sensation. Therefore, we demonstrated that when compared to AS, WR significantly improves thermal comfort.
Developing IT infrastructure of evaporative irrigation by adopting IOT technology

The primary key to the modernization of irrigation is the effectiveness of agricultural water use that should be supported by good infrastructure, including information technology (IT). The objective was to evaluate the performance of IT infrastructure in collecting weather data for evaporative irrigation. The system was set up under a natural environment since 10 July 2020 in the Kinjiro Farm, Bogor. The system consisted of three parts, i.e., integrated sensors suite (ISS), console (data logger), and the server, including the dashboard system. The ISS involved several sensors, namely: Pyr solar radiation, rain gauge, air temperature, and humidity sensors, together with wind speed and direction. All data were collected through the console and data logger and then transferred into a local computer server to the dashboard system using an internet connection. The users can access all data from the dashboard system as numerical and graphical data. The system showed a reliable performance, as all data were well properly sent to the server every 30 minutes. The weather parameters, including rain events, were correctly monitored every 30 minutes. All observed data were found to directly affect the reference evapotranspiration, a parameter that will be used for further consideration in determining irrigation scheduling.
The Work-from-Home Technology Boon and Its Consequences

We study the impact of widespread adoption of work-from-home (WFH) technology using an equilibrium model where people choose where to live, how to allocate their time between working at home and at the office, and how much space to use in production. Motivated by cross-sectional evidence on WFH, we model WFH as a complement to work at the office. Simulations of the model indicate that the pandemic induced a large change to the relative productivity of WFH that substantially increased home prices and will permanently affect incomes, income inequality, and city structure.
Shape consistency of MoS2 flakes grown using chemical vapor deposition

In this study, MoS2 flakes with the configuration of multilayer MoS2 stacked on monolayer MoS2 were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The morphology of the MoS2 flakes transformed from that of a truncated triangle to that of a fishbone-like shape with increasing growth temperature. A novel phenomenon of shape consistency between the upper multilayer MoS2 and the basal monolayer was found in MoS2 flakes of triangular, star-like, and fishbone-like shape. The mechanism of this shape consistency is attributed to the active border of the pre-grown monolayer MoS2 flake. This work enriches the understanding of the growth mechanism of MoS2 flakes fabricated by CVD.
The effect of alignment on the electric mobility of soot

ABSTRACT The effect of an aligning electric field on the mobility of both flame generated smoke and smolder generated smoke was studied. A pulsed differential mobility analyzer was used to study the alignment without changing the DMA flows. No detectable change in the mobility was observed for the smolder smoke, while a small but detectable effect of up to 5% decrease in the mobility diameter with increasing field was observed for the largest aggregates with a mobility diameter of 200 nm. We modeled the friction coefficient tensor of soot fractal aggregates as an equivalent prolate spheroid to obtain the field induced mobility as a function of aspect ratio. The alignment probability distribution function was determined by computing the polarizability tensor for simulated fractal aggregates. One interesting result was the smallness of the prolate sphere aspect ratio of 1.2 to 1.3 compared to the much larger aspect ratio from TEM analysis and from the polarizability ratio. An explanation for the low value based on the contribution to the friction coefficient from the individual spheres for a fractal is given. Another interesting observation is the broadening of the mobility size distribution with decreasing field. This is shown to be related to the polydispersity of the aspect ratio. The fact that all three aggregate sizes appear to fit the same spheroid aspect ratio is interesting, and offers a first-order approach to describing transport properties of aggregates. An estimate of the rotation relaxation time of the fractal aggregate was made to verify that the rotation time was much shorter than the duration of the zero electric field period during each cycle. Copyright © 2016 American Association for Aerosol Research
A network communication through McGee graph and Antimagic labeling

Let G be a simple graph with p nodes and q links. A one to one correspondence between the set of links and the set of integers { 1 , 2 ,. , q } is called the Antimagic labeling if the sum of the link labels incident with a node is different for all nodes. If the Antimagic labeling is assignable on a graph, it is termed as an Antimagic graph. In this paper, on the McGee graph, the Antimagic, the Even Antimagic and the Odd Antimagic graphs can be allotted is proved. Through the McGee graph and Antimagic labeling, an application for Network Communication is presented.
Futures trading and the underlying stock volatility: A case of the FTSE/JSE TOP 40

Purpose: This study analyzed the impact of listing and trading futures contracts on the underlying stock index volatility behavior. The FTSE/JSE TOP 40 index was the index of interest. Methodology: To capture the non-constant variance of the residuals, a modified Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model was adopted given that financial time series data exhibited ARCH effects. The GARCH model was estimated after dividing the sample period into pre-and post-futures eras. Findings: The research findings point towards stabilization effects on underlying stock volatility and refute the suggestion that futures markets improve the dissemination of information to the corresponding spot markets. On the same note, the introduction of futures increased the volatility persistence of index returns. Unique contribution to theory, policy, and practice: This paper applied a modified-GARCH by incorporating a dummy variable to the traditional GARCH model. The study used an emerging economy as a case study which makes the results and conclusions more specific and applicable. On the same note, the study covered the pre-and post-global crisis of 2007/8 in a Sub-Saharan nation. In practice, stock markets are encouraged to introduce futures contracts on highly volatile spot market assets.
CRITICAL REVIEW OF TAMAKA SHAWASA (ASTHMA) CHIKITSA

Asthma is known as reactive airway disease. This hyperresponsiveness manifests itself as bronchoconstriction following exercise, on natural exposure to strong as irritant fumes such as sulphur dioxide, tobacco smoke or cold air and an intentional exposure in the laboratory to inhalations of histamine or parasympathamimetic agent such as methacholine. In Ayurveda it can be correlated with Tamaka Shwasa. Tamaka Shwasa is one of the diseases where Nidana parivarjana and samprati vighatana plays an important role. The detailed study of Nidana panchaka is helpful in better understanding of the disease and for the proper treatment. As Kapha and Vata are the pre-dominant Doshas, so the medicines and the dietetic regimen which controls the Kapha and Vata due to their Ushna guna and are Vata- anulomaka in action must be utilized in the treatment of Shwasa roga. While The patient with Kapha and Vata dominance and of strong build should be given Samshodhan therapy i.e. vaman & Virechana. Keywords: Tamaka Shwasa, Shwasa roga, Samshodhana, Asthma.
Steady-State Mean-Square Error Analysis for Non-Negative Least Lncosh Algorithm

Lncosh cost function is regarded as a natural logarithm obtaining from a hyperbolic cosine function, which has drawn growing attention due to its robust to impulsive noise. In this brief, a nonnegative adaptive algorithm is proposed based on lncosh function, named as NNLlncosh, which is derived by incorporating the nonnegativity constraint into lncosh cost function to deal with a nonnegativity constraint optimization problem under impulsive system noises. The steady-state excess mean square error (EMSE) for the newly constructed NNLlncosh algorithm is presented. Obtained results from the computer simulation validate the theoretical analysis and verify the excellent characteristics of the NNLlncosh over various non-Gaussian system noises.
Evaluation of Different Pretreatment Methods for Xylooligosaccharides Production

Corncobs are important by-product of the corn industry that is used either as animal feed or returned to the harvested fields (Aachary and Prapulla, 2009) for composting. In India nearly 9.3 million hectares of area was under maize cultivation with the production of about 28.64 million tons in 2019-20 (Government of India, 2020) from which approximately 4.98 million metric tons of corncobs could be generated. Corn cobs have many industrial applications like production of bioethanol (Chen et al., 2007), biochar (Mullen et al., 2000), for decontamination of water (Billon et al., 2006) etc. Corn cobs are rich in xylan up to 35% that can be used for food applications like production of xylitol, xylose, xylooligosaccharides (XOs) and xylanases (Aachary and Prapulla, 2009).
Determinant of FDI Inflows in OIC Countries

This study aims to analyze the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) country members for the period 2005 to 2018 The determinant variables of FDI are corruption, political stability and macroeconomic variables such as inflation, exchange rates, economic growth, and trade openness. Analysis used in the study is the fixed effect model (FEM) of the OIC data panel.The results showed that economic growth and trade openness had a significant influence on foreign direct investment (FDI), while the effects of corruption, political stability, inflation and the exchange rate have no significant effect on foreign direct investment (FDI).
An improved process-oriented hydro-biogeochemical model for 
simulating dynamic fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide in alpine 
ecosystems with seasonally frozen soils

Abstract. To evaluate the sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems, the hydro-biogeochemical model Catchment Nutrient Management Model – DeNitrification-DeComposition (CNMM-DNDC) was established to simultaneously quantify ecosystem productivity and losses of nitrogen and carbon at the site or catchment scale. As a process-oriented model, this model is expected to be universally applied to different climate zones, soils, land uses and field management practices. This study, as one of many efforts to fulfil such an expectation, was performed to improve the CNMM-DNDC by incorporating a physical-based soil thermal module to simulate the soil thermal regime in the presence of freeze-thaw cycles. The modified model was validated with simultaneous field observations in three typical alpine ecosystems (wetlands, meadows and forests) within a catchment located in the seasonally frozen region of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Then, the model was further applied to evaluate its performance in simulating the effects of alpine wetland degradation on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes. The validation showed that the modified CNMM-DNDC was able to simulate the observed seasonal dynamics of soil temperature, moisture, and fluxes of CH4 and N2O in the three typical alpine ecosystems, with index of agreement values of 0.91–1.00, 0.49–0.83, 0.57–0.88 and 0.26–0.47, respectively. Consistent with the emissions determined from the field observations, the simulated aggregate emissions of CH4 and N2O were significantly reduced due to wetland degradation and were dominated by a reduction in CH4 emissions. This study indicates the potential for utilizing the process-oriented model CNMM-DNDC to predict hydro-biogeochemical processes, as well as related gas emissions, in seasonally frozen regions. As the original CNMM-DNDC was previously validated in some unfrozen regions, the modified CNMM-DNDC could be applied to evaluate the sustainability of various ecosystems under different climates, soils and field management practices at the site or catchment scale.
Effect of Benzilaminopurine and Kinetin for shoot multiplication of Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana Miq.) by in vitro culture

Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana Miq.) is one of legume trees that useful as forage and have advantages in production and quality of forage compared to other types of legumes. This forage contains high protein and mineral sources, good fiber structure and high digestibility value. Nutrient contents are crude protein (31%) with 76% of DMD and 83% of OMD. Indigofera has low germination due to thick seed coat and fungal invasion during germination. Propagation by in vitro culture promise to multiply superior seeds from Indigofera. The aim for this research was to determine the effect of Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Kinetin for multiply of shoots of Indigofera. The research was designed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors (BAP and Kinetin concentration) and repeated 3 times. BAP concentration consists of four levels, 0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mg/L and Kinetin concentration consists of four levels 0, 1.0, 2 and 3 mg/L. Results showed that BAP gave the best results for number of shoots parameter at any concentration. Compact callus appears in basal of shoots at BAP (1.5 mg/L and 2 mg/L) media. Whereas media with Kinetin showed no significant effect on all parameters and there was no interaction between BAP and Kinetin.
Correlation of anemia to body mass index among adult population in a rural region of Malwa in Madhya Pradesh

Background: Anemia and obesity are the markers of imminent health issues in adults because malnutrition shows two extreme ends, decreased hemoglobin (Hb) and increased body mass index (BMI), caused due to undernutrition and overnutrition, respectively. Aims and Objectives: This study was done to compare the effect of a BMI on anemia in India as very few of these studies have been done in rural India and none in the rural Malwa region of Central India. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at a rural mission hospital in a remote village Hatpipliya of district Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, beginning from September 2020 to November 2020 with a sample size of 152 subjects. Hb was assessed on the basis of the World Health Organization standards and BMI was calculated as per Quetelets index. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed. Results: A total of 152 people in the age group of >20 years were included in the study. Seventy-one (47%) were male and 81 (53%) were female. The prevalence of anemia among underweight population was 38.8%, which was almost closed to those with normal BMI (38.5%). The overweight category showed 21% to be anemic and interestingly, 50% of obese individuals were anemic. Conclusion: No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found in the prevalence of anemia among all BMI groups. Frequent screening for the prevalence of anemia and its association with BMI should be done among the target group.