Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Is the Role of Executive Function in the Early Elementary School Achievement of Latino Students?

ABSTRACT The early elementary years are foundational for future academic achievement, and, as the number of Latino students in U.S. schools continues to rise, more attention has been given to the academic performance of these young learners. Yet little is known about the cognitive skills, such as executive function (EF), that may underlie Latinos’ academic performance in the early grades. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (ECLS-K:2011; N = 4,220), the current study examines the role that kindergarten EF plays in the second grade academic achievement of Latino students, after accounting for SES and English oral language skills. Specifically, it: (1) examines the influence of SES and English oral language skills on the growth of EF in the early elementary grades; and (2) investigates whether kindergarten EF predicts second grade academic achievement and mediates the influence of SES and English oral language skills. Results suggest that kindergarten EF plays a role in second-grade reading and math. Working memory, in particular, is predictive of future achievement, mediating the relationship between both kindergarten-entry English oral language skills and SES and second-grade achievement. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
The Relationship Between Participation in Administrative Decisions and School Effectiveness: An Empirical Study on Teachers

The aim of this research is to reveal the effect of teachers' participation in administrative decisions and their willingness to participate in decisions on school effectiveness. Predictive survey model was used in the study. In the 2021-2022 academic year, 283 teachers working in Istanbul's Sultanbeyli, Pendik, Maltepe and Kartal districts formed the research sample. Simple random sampling was used when selecting the research sample. According to the results of the research, teachers' willingness to participate in administrative decisions is significantly higher than their level of participation in decisions. In addition, there is a positive correlation between the level of participation in decisions, willingness to participate and school effectiveness. In addition, the level of participation in decisions and willingness to participate partially predicts school effectiveness. As teachers' level of participation and willingness to participate in decisions increases, school effectiveness increases.
Significant of Isothermal Flow Studies for High Swirling Flow in Unconfined Burner

This paper is presents numerical simulation of isothermal swirling turbulent flows in a combustion chamber of an unconfined burner. Isothermal flows of with three different swirl numbers, SN of axial swirler are considered to demonstrate the effect of flow axial velocity and tangential velocity to define the center recirculation zone. The swirler is used in the burner that significantly influences the flow pattern inside the combustion chamber. The inlet velocity, U0 is 30 m/s entering into the burner through the axial swirler that represents a high Reynolds number, Re to evaluate the differences of SN. The significance of center recirculation zone investigation affected by differences Re also has been carried out in order to define a good mixing of air and fuel. A numerical study of non-reacting flow into the burner region is performed using ANSYS Fluent. The Reynolds–Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) realizable k-ε turbulence approach method was applied with the eddy dissipation model. An attention is focused in the flow field behind the axial swirler downstream that determined by transverse flow field at different radial distance. The results of axial and tangential velocity were normalized with the U0. The velocity profiles’ behaviour are obviously changes after existing the swirler up to x/D = 0.3 plane. However, their flow patterns are similar for all SN after x/D = 0.3 plane towards the outlet of a burner.
Development of rural curve driving models using lateral placement and prediction of lane departures using the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving data

xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Background on SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study 2 Background on SHRP 2 Roadway Information Database 2 Previous Research 3 Factors contributing to run off the road crashes 3 Crash Surrogates Related to Roadway Departures 7 Vehicle Path Trajectories and Lateral Position within curves 8 Summary 12 Problem statement 13 Research Question 1: How do drivers normally negotiate a single isolated horizontal curve? 14 Research Question 2: How do drivers negotiate horizontal curves? 15 Research Question 3: Which factors increase the likelihood of a lane departure? 16 Study limitations 16 Study implications 18 Organization of the Dissertation 19 Additional Contributions 20 References 20 CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF CURVE DRIVING FOR ISOLATED RURAL TWO LANE CURVES USING SHRP 2 NATURALISTIC DRIVING DATA 24 Abstract 24 Introduction 25 Background on SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study 26 Background on SHRP 2 Roadway Information Database 26 Previous Research 27 Methodology 28 Identification of Curves of Interest 29 Data Collection and Data Reduction 30 Data Sampling 36 Analysis 41 Results 42 Results for Inside of Curve 42
Measuring Internet banking service quality: an empirical evidence

PurposeThis study aims to empirically develop a reliable and valid instrument measuring the online service quality in the context of the banking sector in India.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological framework of this research comprises developing an instrument that is based on previous literature, qualitative and quantitative procedure. The study used the survey method and collected data via a well-structured questionnaire from a sample of active Internet banking users. The proposed instrument is identified by the data-reduction technique that is exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and validated through the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). FindingsThe results confirmed that the digital banking service quality scale (DBSQual) contains 24 items in seven dimensions: (1) web architecture, (2) user friendliness, (3) efficiency of website, (4) reliability, (5) responsiveness, (6) security and (7) personalization. The relationship between digital banking service quality and e-customer satisfaction has also been found to be significant in this study.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study do not find general application for different banks operating in the same sector in India. More testing of DBSQual is required across various different contexts for validity augmentation. In addition, findings would be more reliable if the non-Indian context could be taken into consideration. Thus, such limitations open a window for future research.Practical implicationsThis study is quite fruitful for the banking organizations in measuring their online services, and enables them to implement their marketing and operational strategies more effectively and efficiently.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study is the development and validation of a new instrument that is DBSQual that contains seven determinants of customers' e-service quality perception, emphasis on measuring online service quality in the Indian banking sector. These determinants will offer banks a promising starting idea for establishing an effective quality management for their online businesses. They will be able to increase the opportunities by tapping themselves at a competitive edge.
Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation from MRI-based Simulated Images to Realistic Images Reflecting Specific Color Characteristics

: In this paper, a new domain adaptation technique is presented for image-to-image translation into the real-world color domain. Although CycleGAN has become a standard technique for image translation without pairing images to train the network, it is not able to adapt the domain of the generated image to small domains such as color and illumination. Other techniques require large datasets for training. In our technique, two source images are introduced: one for image translation and another for color adaptation. Color adaptation is realized by introducing color histograms to the two generators in CycleGAN and estimating losses for color. Experiments using simulated images based on the OsteoArthritis Initiative MRI dataset show promising results in terms of color difference and image comparisons.
The effects of sampling strategies on the small sample properties of the logit estimator

Abstract Empirical researchers face a trade-off between the lower resource costs associated with smaller samples and the increased confidence in the results gained from larger samples. Choice of sampling strategy is one tool researchers can use to reduce costs yet still attain desired confidence levels. This study uses Monte Carlo simulation to examine the impact of nine sampling strategies on the finite sample performance of the maximum likelihood logit estimator. The results show stratified random sampling with balanced strata sizes and a bias correction for choice-based sampling outperforms all other sampling strategies with respect to four small-sample performance measures.
Analysis of noise behaviour for marine propellers under cavitating and non-cavitating conditions

In this study, the hydrodynamics and noise behaviour of marine propellers are examined through finite volume method under various operational conditions. The hydrodynamics of these propellers are studied both numerically and experimentally, and the characteristic curves are produced. Sheet cavitation inception and development conditions are also considered in order to understand the impact of different rotational speeds on propeller noise. Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equations are used to extract the total sound pressure levels under non-cavitating and sheet cavitating conditions. Finally, the impact of cavitation on increasing the propeller noise is thoroughly explored and the results are presented.
Avaliação dos Processos de Software utilizando CMMI

VII AGRADECIMENTOS IX INDICE XI INDICE DE FIGURAS XV INDICE DE TABELAS XVII ACRONIMOS E ABREVIATURAS XIX 1. INTRODUCAO 1 1.1. OBJETIVOS PROPOSTOS 3 1.2. ORGANIZACAO DA TESE 3 1.3. ESTRUTURA DO DOCUMENTO 4 2. CMMI 5 2.1. DIFERENTES ABORDAGENS DO CMMI [1] 6 2.1.1. REPRESENTACAO CONTINUA 6 2.1.2. REPRESENTACAO POR ESTAGIOS OU ESTRATIFICADA 6 2.2. BENEFICIOS DO CMMI 7 2.3. COMPONENTES DAS AREAS DE PROCESSO 8 2.3. 1. NECESSARIOS 8 2.3. 2. ESPERADOS 8 2.3. 3. INFORMATIVOS 9 2.3. 4. AREAS DE PROCESSO 10 2.3. 5. OBJETIVO DA AREA DE PROCESSO 11 2.3. 6. NOTAS INTRODUTORIAS 11 2.3. 7. AREAS DE PROCESSO RELACIONADAS 11 2.3. 8. METAS ESPECIFICAS 11 2.3. 9. METAS GENERICAS 12 2.3. 10. RESUMO DAS METAS E PRATICAS ESPECIFICAS 12 2.3. 11. PRATICAS ESPECIFICAS 12
Role of GD3 Synthase ST8Sia I in Cancers

Simple Summary The carbohydrate moiety of cell surface glycolipids is modified in cancers of neuro–ectoderm origin, leading to the expression of more complex structures with two or more sialic acid residues. These alterations result from the upregulation of the ST8SIA1 gene that encodes GD3 synthase, the enzyme controlling the biosynthesis of complex gangliosides, and are usually associated with a more aggressive phenotype and a poor outcome for patients, making GD3 synthase an interesting target for cancer therapy. This review reports our general knowledge of GD3 synthase gene expression and regulation, its role in both epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer progression, and the different approaches targeting GD3S expression in cancers. Abstract GD3 synthase controls the biosynthesis of complex gangliosides, bearing two or more sialic acid residues. Disialylated gangliosides GD3 and GD2 are tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) in neuro–ectoderm-derived cancers, and are directly involved in cell malignant properties, i.e., migration, invasion, stemness, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Since GD3 and GD2 levels are directly linked to GD3 synthase expression and activity, targeting GD3 synthase appears to be a promising strategy through which to interfere with ganglioside-associated malignant properties. We review here the current knowledge on GD3 synthase expression and regulation in cancers, and the consequences of complex ganglioside expression on cancer cell signaling and properties, highlighting the relationships between GD3 synthase expression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition and stemness. Different strategies were used to modulate GD3 synthase expression in cancer cells in vitro and in animal models, such as inhibitors or siRNA/lncRNA, which efficiently reduced cancer cell malignant properties and the proportion of GD2 positive cancer stem cells, which are associated with high metastatic properties, resistance to therapy, and cancer relapse. These data show the relevance of targeting GD3 synthase in association with conventional therapies, to decrease the number of cancer stem cells in tumors.
Deconstructing neighborhood effects across aggravated, domestic, and simple assault

ABSTRACT Although prior research has long examined neighborhood effects on violent crime generally and aggravated assault specifically, less attention has been paid to how structure affects less serious offenses. However, neighborhood factors such as single-parent households or poverty are likely important predictors for the commission of less serious forms of violence, though their relative effects may vary depending on the level of severity of violence employed. The current study disaggregates assaults and examines whether neighborhood factors have differential effects on aggravated, non-aggravated (simple), and domestic assaults. Using data from Cleveland, OH we conduct a series of negative binomial regression models and use seemingly unrelated postestimation commands to identify differences across assault type. We identify important differences in the neighborhood drivers of assault, especially single-parent households, disadvantage, and residential stability, and between domestic assault from simple or aggravated. Our findings underscore the importance of disaggregating assaults to unmask distinctions in how community context influences serious and less serious forms of violence. In doing so, we identify important elements that crime reduction strategies should consider – particularly for less serious but more common forms of violence – in order to implemented more effectively.
The general public’s intent to receive a COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia

The production of vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has given hope to many countries that they can finally control a pandemic that has already killed millions of people around the world. Nevertheless, vaccine coverage must be wide to ensure the success of the global vaccination initiative. Using theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the current research aimed to assess the intent of the general Saudi Arabian public to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted during the first week of January 2021. A total of 487 participants completed an online questionnaire that assessed their intentions, attitudes, perceived norms and perceived behavioural control. The results showed that almost half of the study participants (47.43%) intended to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. All components of TPB predicted this intention, although perceived behavioural control was a negative predictor. The findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccine campaigns should continue to focus on improving public attitudes and perceived norms, which can help increase the number of people willing to undergo vaccination. Moreover, further studies are needed to explore the effects of perceived behavioural control on such intentions. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Health Promotion & Education is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
Trends in Prediabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Abdominal Obesity among Korean Children and Adolescents: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2009 and 2018

Investigations on the trends of prediabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children are scarce. We aimed to analyze the trends of prediabetes and NAFLD, as well as their association, among Korean children and adolescents from 2009 to 2018. This study investigated the prevalence of prediabetes, NAFLD, and abdominal obesity among 6327 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years according to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) using a nationally representative survey. The prevalence of prediabetes, NAFLD, and abdominal obesity increased from 5.14%, 8.17%, and 5.97% respectively, in 2009 to 10.46%, 12.05%, and 10.51% respectively, in 2018. In age-specific analyses, an adverse trend in NAFLD was significant only in participants aged 16–18 years while the prevalence of prediabetes worsened significantly in all age groups. In BMI-specific analyses, the prevalence of prediabetes and NAFLD increased significantly only in participants with normal BMI. In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of prediabetes for NAFLD was 1.85 and those of abdominal obesity for prediabetes and NAFLD was 1.85 and 9.34, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the prevalence of prediabetes and NAFLD was increasing in association with abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents.
‘Histories of knowledges’ for research education

ABSTRACT The world faces complex and entangled environmental, health and social problems that can only be effectively grappled with if the research sector harnesses the knowledges and understandings of diverse cultures. Research education is a key site where more democratic and equitable processes of knowledge creation can take place. Drawing on de Sousa Santos’ argument for epistemic justice, this article discusses research education as embedded in global knowledge relations, through introducing the concepthistories of knowledges. This concept interrogates the multiple sets of epistemic relations regarding the history of knowledge, the history of science, knowledge movements, and knowledge hierarchies and conditions. Data were collected through surveys, interviews and workshop observations with research candidates and supervisors from Australia, Africa, Asia and Latin America. Findings show that participants demonstrated boundary-crossing awareness of potential knowledge inclusion and creation in non-linear, multilingual and transcultural ways and from perspectives of the Global South. Extending de Sousa Santos’ concept of ecologies of knowledges, we apply the conceptual dynamics of histories of knowledges to propose a micro-, meso- and macro-historical approach to research education that centres around reconceptualisation of epistemic relations and repositioning of research candidates and supervisors.
Highly efficient spin qubit to photon interface assisted by a photonic crystal cavity

Interfacing semiconductor with photonic qubits plays an important role in quantum networks. We model a photon to spin qubit interface based on an optically active gate-defined quantum dot embedded in a two-dimensional photonic crystal cavity constraining its emission profile with a low enough quality factor for emission wavelength tuning. By matching the cavity-mode k-vector and reciprocal lattice of the crystal, vertical emission is obtained. A reflector below the cavity increases not only the light extraction efficiency, but also tailors the extracted beam profile to match that of a single mode fiber, into which photons emitted by the quantum dot are coupled with a probability above 50%. The efficiency is primarily limited by metal electrode absorption. In addition to trapping the exciton, the electrode system embedded inside the cavity allows trapping, manipulation and readout of a pair of electrons encoding a spin qubit in a singlet-triplet configuration, whose quantum state can be transferred to and from the exciton by utilizing an existing protocol. Experimental realization of these devices is currently in progress with first results in regard to fabrication also reported.
Group-Based Interventions for Carers of People With Dementia: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background and Objectives It is well documented that caring for someone with dementia is associated with many negative mental health outcomes, such as depression, anxiety, and a reduction in quality of life. Group-based interventions are one strategy for improving well-being for carers, but previous systematic reviews have reported inconsistent findings about the efficacy of group-based interventions for carers of people with dementia. Research Design and Methods This systematic review investigates the qualitative and quantitative evidence for the effectiveness of group-based interventions and identifies targets for future research. Narrative synthesis was used to analyze the data. Results A comprehensive search of 4 databases revealed 117 potentially relevant studies, 19 of which met the full inclusion criteria. Five studies investigated group cognitive behavioral therapy, 8 investigated psycho-educational interventions, and 6 investigated support groups. The effectiveness of the interventions varied widely, even within subcategories. No type of intervention was consistently shown to improve well-being, though qualitative data and data about participant satisfaction was generally very positive. Discussion and Implications Based on the quality and quantity of the evidence currently available, there is not enough evidence to reach firm conclusions about the impact of group-based interventions on well-being. In order to establish the effectiveness of group-based interventions there needs to be more high-quality studies with larger sample sizes about this topic. Future research may benefit from the use of mixed methods data collection to explore the disparity between qualitative and quantitative findings in the literature.
A Pattern-Driven Stochastic Degradation Model for the Prediction of Remaining Useful Life of Rechargeable Batteries

Recently, there has been a significant growth in the development of rechargeable battery-powered devices such as electric vehicles, leading to an urgent need for reliable and safe batteries. The remaining useful life (RUL) is a critical health indicator of battery, which is defined as the remaining number of charge and recharge cycles before the state-of-health falls below a user-specified threshold under certain operating settings. Substantially, the RUL can be estimated by adaptive stochastic processes or advanced machine learning techniques. However, the existing approaches either assume over-simplified degradation pattern in accordance with physics laws leading to poor generalizability or act as a black box offering no interpretation. To address these limitations, in this article, we develop a pattern-driven degradation process by integrating a recursive Gaussian distribution with its mean learnt from a gated recurrent unit (GRU) driven degradation pattern to capture degradation fluctuation into the model. Due to the non-Markovian state transitions, a joint-learning sampling-based expectation maximization algorithm was developed to estimate model parameters based on historical observations. Finally, numerical studies using real battery data showed that the proposed method achieves over 3% and 40% higher accuracy in RUL prediction than the GRU and adaptive Wiener process, respectively.