Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imaging of Pulmonary Infarction

Acute pulmonary embolism is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary hemorrhage and infarction are common complications of pulmonary embolism, occurring in about one-third of patients. Pulmonary hemorrhage and infarction classically present with pleuritic chest pain and hemoptysis. Recognition of pulmonary infarction on imaging is clinically important, as it may be the initial indication of unsuspected pulmonary embolism, leading to the correct diagnosis and therapy with anticoagulation. The imaging findings of pulmonary infarction are driven by the dual blood supply to the lung and have a typical appearance. In this article, we review the imaging appearances of pulmonary infarction as seen with multiple imaging modalities. The classic chest radiographic finding of pulmonary infarction is a peripheral opacity, the Hampton hump. The computed tomography findings of pulmonary infarction are because of the typical pattern of parenchymal injury in the setting of the dual blood supply to the lung. The infarct is usually a wedge-shaped opacity with its base toward a pleural surface, bulging borders, and truncated apex toward the hilum. The findings that have been shown to be useful in the differentiation of infarction from other causes of pulmonary parenchymal opacity include the following: diminished contrast enhancement of the infarcted lung parenchyma, internal air lucencies, and an enlarged vessel leading to the infarct.
The short term effectiveness of day treatment for eating disorders in reducing psychosocial impairment: utilizing the clinical impairment assessment in routine practice

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of a day treatment programme (DTP) in reducing psychosocial impairment, changing attitudes, restoring body-weight and decreasing binge/vomit symptoms among 52 individuals (aged 16+) with eating disorders. It was hypothesized that day treatment would result in improvements across all variables measured. Design/methodology/approach – In a within-participants design, demographic, physiological and psychological measures were taken on admission to and at discharge from a DTP in the UK. Quantitative outcomes were analysed. Findings – In total, 40 participants were considered to have received an adequate dose of the DTP, having completed at least four weeks on the programme. Analyses supported all hypotheses, with all improvements being statistically significant. Large effect sizes were evident for all outcomes across the whole sample other than shape concern attitudes and weight concern attitudes, which reduced with moderate and moderate-t.
Medical professionals’ perceptions of the use of treatment rooms

ABSTRACT Although the use of treatment rooms (as opposed to the child’s hospital room) is considered the standard of care for many hospitals in the United States, little research has addressed medical professionals’ perceptions of this approach to treatment. This study examined medical professionals’ perceptions of the use of treatment rooms for intravenous (IV) procedures with young children. Physicians, nurses, child life specialists, and IV team members at a large, regional, children’s hospital completed a survey about their perceptions of the use of treatment rooms for IV insertions. Nurses and IV team members perceived greater administrative challenges and negative impacts and fewer benefits to children with the use of treatment rooms than did child life specialists. Specific concerns and challenges with the use of treatment rooms were identified. Features of an ideal treatment room were also noted. The results of this study provide valuable knowledge on how staff members perceive the use of treatment rooms and suggest greater education and explicit policies on the use of treatment rooms are needed. Furthermore, policies on the use of treatment rooms need to consider the administrative challenges identified, as well as the design features of an ideal treatment room.
4-Butoxy-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one

In the title compound, C19H22Cl2O3, the cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The furan ring plane forms dihedral angles of 81.88 (2) and 50.19 (3)°, respectively, with the benzene ring and the plane formed by the butyl C atoms. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Levels of 131I Activity in Patients to Enable Hospital Discharge, Based on External Exposure of Family Members of the Patient in Japan

The activity levels for discharge from hospital of patients treated with 131 I in Japan are described. The level was determined by considering the public annual dose limit in Japan of 1 mSv and the possible exposure of family members with whom the patients were in daily contact. All analyses are based on a partner, where both the partner and the children will be subject to exposure. The external exposure was calculated by using the data on the distance between the patient and family members, the length of the time spent at each distance, and each member's age. It was assumed that the mother must continue to take responsibility for care of the children during the period that she is radioactive. The conclusions of this work are that a maximum residual 131 I radioactivity of <97 MBq, with a distance from the patient in bed greater than 50 cm and the ages of patient's children all over I year, will be required to ensure that the maximum dose to any contact will not exceed 1 mSv. More than 50 cm distance suggests either an unmarried housewife or the partner sleeping in an adjacent room or twin beds. No restriction is needed in respect of external exposure for patients with residual radioactivity of 42 MBq, although levels lower than this may be required where there is a risk of contamination, e.g. due to urinary incontinence. This conflicts with recommended activity levels for discharge (ICRP 25) of 560 MBq (for a dose limit of 5 mSv). The findings of this work are only directly relevant for the age range under 55 years. No account was taken in this paper of internal exposure from internal pathways.
Web Based Interventions in Psychiatry: An Overview

Internet has unlocked new avenues for mental health professionals. In the 21st century, its growing use and popularity has had a huge impact on the masses. From the point of view of treatment delivery, it is being increasingly used by mental health professionals to deliver effective and affordable care to people suffering from various mental health problems. We present an overview of such available interventions and their shortcomings.
Continuous Integration server performance monitoring

Continuous Integration (CI) is standard practice in Agile software development for source code management, including handling changes between development branches and master branch, and providing feedback for stakeholders. In the Continuous Integration the desirable practice is for development branches the be merged in to master branch daily. Before development branches is to be merged to master branch, the automated test tests builds are run on them and feedback of the tests is provided to developer and possible other stakeholders. If the tests are run without errors, the development branch is to be merged to master branch. The problems may arise, when the automated test build durations have variance. This leads developers to experience volatile service level causing irregularity to development process. The cause for the build duration variance can be the variance in the available system resources in the CI server. In some cases, the resource variation can cause false failures on the test build results as for example when there is defined maximum test build duration time limiter or when individual build step operation produces timeouts. To be able to resolve the resource starvation on the CI server, there needs to be means for identifying the resource starvation events in relation to test build statistics. By being able to identify relation between build statistics and resource starvation events, root cause, as starving resource, can be identified. By identifying the starving resource or resources, the system resources can be updated by adding more specific resource or handling the starvation through reserving the specific resource for key processes. The objective for this research is to implement monitoring tool for monitoring the Jenkins server’s builds and system resources during the builds. The thesis was conducted in the case company’s CI project including large-scale development project as customer project. The problem with case company was volatile test build durations and very insufficient data about system resources in the starvation events. The implemented monitoring tool achieved for providing extensive system resource data with combining it with the test build statistics to provide information about system resource availability in relation to test build statistics. The results indicate that the monitoring tool can be used for identifying resource starvation events and possible root causes for the events. The limitation of the implemented monitoring tool is the dependency for the database server as Elasticsearch. Elasticsearch was chosen to be used as database to establish adaptive monitoring data presenting functionality via Kibana server. This restricts portability of the monitoring tool to Jenkins instances as the monitoring tool needs mentioned instances for full functionality.
Long Term Follow Up: Phase I Trial of bi-shRNA furin/GMCSF DNA/Autologous Tumor Cell Immunotherapy (FANG) in Advanced Cancer

Study Background: Previously, we demonstrated safety and correlated induced immune response with survival in a Phase I study of FANG immunotherapy in advanced cancer patients. We now report long term follow-up (FU) of Phase I treated patients including assessment of relationships of dose, γIFN-ELISPOT response, and patient demographics to safety and survival. Methods: Safety, γIFN-ELISPOT response, and survival have been followed through 3+ years in advanced cancer patients who received ≥ 2-12 intradermal monthly injections of 1×107 or 2.5×107 cells/injection. Clinical and serological assessments were performed monthly, radiographic evaluations bimonthly, and γ-IFN-ELISPOT at baseline, and start of Cycle 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 then sequentially at FU. Results: Previously, we reported results on 45 patients with successful FANG construction followed for 1 year (28 treated (designated FANG); 17 not treated based on availability of other alternative treatments or failed manufacturing (designated No FANG)). We now report FU results through year 3 on those patients and an additional 29 patients (7 FANG, 22 No FANG) subsequently entered into Phase I study (total N=35 FANG; total N=39 No FANG). The median survival of the current expanded Phase I trial population is 562 days vs. 122 days (p=0.00001). This is similar to the originally published data from two years earlier. The γ-IFN-ELISPOT reaction was positive in 14 of the current FANG treated patients and negative in 12 FANG treated patients at Month 3 or less post first injection. Survival correlated with γ-IFN-ELISPOT reaction; median 836 days vs. 440 days with positive and negative ELISPOT respectively, (p=0.04). No long term adverse toxicity has been seen and there was no significant correlation of immune response or survival with either dose or demographics. Conclusions: Treatment with FANG vaccine continues to show long term safety and evidence of benefit in patients with many types of advanced cancer thereby justifying further efficacy testing.
Designing interactions with shared systems

In this chapter, we start this research with three explorative studies. Together, these studies have two aims: to explore the role of preferences and conflict theory within shared lighting use; and to further scope our research. In the first study (Section 2.3), we investigate individual interactions with a lighting system through the lens of preference construction theory. The insights disclose relations between interface characteristics and people’s choice strategies, which confirm that the interface can influence people’s preferences and implies that interfaces can be designed to support decision-making. The second study (Section 2.4) is an in-situ investigation of lighting conflicts – situations in which people have different preferred outcomes that are potentially interfering with each other – between couples living in single-room apartments. Using probes followed by dyadic interviews, we find that people take each other into consideration during shared use of lighting, avoid manifestation of conflict, and easily compromise. Resolution of conflicts seems to largely rely on pre-established agreements, made as early as when purchasing the luminaires. In the third study (Section 2.5), we take a more disruptive approach. Using technology probes, we provoke lighting conflicts in family living rooms to observe conflict resolution strategies. The results show that people mostly seem to apply conflict-avoiding and accommodating strategies. If there is a risk that others are negatively affected by an adjustment, people rather not interact with the system at all. This confirms that preferences are adjusted according to the social setting, and emphasizes the relevance of designing for shared use. We conclude this chapter with a reflection upon our findings in the three studies, to come to a refined approach towards designing interactions with shared systems (Section 2.6). We argue that coordination of conflict and shared use should be left up to people, since systems can easily evoke conflicts by mediating in un-manifested conflict situations. Moreover, we conclude that instead of focusing on resolving situations of conflict, interfaces should provide people with the confidence to interact with the system in shared situations. We hypothesize that interfaces should provide people with awareness of right information at the right moment, so that people can make a more informed decision. Parts of this chapter are based upon: Karin Niemantsverdriet, Harm van Essen, Berry Eggen (2017) ‘A Perspective on Multi-User Interaction Design Based on an Understanding of Domestic Lighting Conflicts’. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, volume 21, issue 2, p. 371-389.
Factors Associated with Partial Remission in Depression

Abstract We report a subgroup analysis of 24 out of 42 subjects who were hospitalized for non-psychotic major depressive disorder and who agreed to participate in interviews at admission and 2 years afterwards (as reported previously by Domken, Scott, & Kelly, 1994; Bothwell & Scott, 1997). At 2 year follow-up, these 24 subjects were categorized according to established criteria into clients meeting criteria for full remission (FR; n=9) and those meeting criteria for partial remission (PR; n=15). The most striking findings were that, over time, PR subjects showed significant loss of self-esteem and showed greater divergence in self-ratings compared to observer ratings of their depressive symptoms, whilst the same ratings in the FR group changed in the opposite direction. We suggest that the persistence of depression in PR subjects may provide evidence to support Teasdale’s (1988) hypothesis that some individuals “get depressed about being depressed”. The research and clinical implications of the results are noted.
Microbial Forensics: An Emerging Field and a National Need

Microbial forensics is a newly emerging discipline with an epidemiological foundation dedicated to the characterization, analysis and interpretation of evidence from the scene of acts of bioterrorism or biocrimes [1]. It is the same as other forensic disciplines except for its focus on a particular type of crime [2]. Microbial forensic scientists employ comprehensive assays to identify the origin of a pathogen or toxin using a number of techniques. The purpose of these assays specifically is to track down perpetrators, termed “high tech crime”, who employ use of biological weapons. Since the 2001 anthrax attacks, members of the biosecurity community and U.S. government officials have expressed a growing sense of alarm at the threats of biological attacks. In particular, the anthrax mailings had a disastrous and devastating impact on human health, society, and economy. The threat of terrorist or criminal use of pathogenic organisms and their toxins remains of great concern in the United States and other countries in the world. The need to conduct microbial forensic analyses to combat bioterrorism and biocrime in a rigorous scientific manner is urgent. To address this challenge, we must systematically investigate the bacteria, viruses, and fungi as well as their pathogens, toxins, and disease, and the research activities should include the detection, identification, and characterization of these microbial pathogens. Bacillus anthrax, also named “Amerithrax,” is the first example being extensively studied in microbial forensics [3]. The collection and preservation of microbial samples is one of the most important topics in microbial forensics. The main areas in microbial forensics are forensic analysis of bacteria pathogens, rickettsia and coxiella diseases, fungal pathogens, plant toxin ricin, influenza virus, and biological toxins Botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT). Many of the pathogens are air and water borne diseases. Microbial forensics is highly disciplinary, relying upon microbiology, computer technology, biochemistry, and biophysics to drive the traditional criminalistics aspects of forensic examination and investigation. The different methodologies include the traditional use of host factors, genomics, proteomics, electron beam-based, high-throughput sequencing, and non-biological measurements. As the small-subunit ribosomal RNA, such as 16S RNA, is conserved in all life forms, its sequence can provide a relatively accurate “tree of life”. Previous studies on detection and identification of microbial agents are generally DNA-based analyses. The primary focus is placed on classification, detection, and identification of these microorganisms and pathogens. In the past ten years, the field of microbial forensics has expanded significantly in its ability to detect and identify the source of microorganisms and toxins, which are used in cases of bioterrorism and biocrimes. However, there is relatively limited information available on the detailed characterizations of biological pathogens including air and water borne diseases.
A theory of how the brain computes

We study a network of Izhikevich neurons to explore what it means for a brain to be at criticality. We first constructed the phase diagram of a single Izhikevich excitatory neuron, and identified a small region of the parameter space where we find a large number of phases to serve as our edge of chaos. We then couple the outputs of these neurons directly to the parameters of other neurons, so that the neuron dynamics can drive transitions from one phase to another on an artificial energy landscape. We measure the statistical complexity of the parameter time series, while the network is tuned from a regular network to a random network using the Watts-Strogatz rewiring algorithm. We find that the statistical complexity of the parameter dynamics is maximized when the neuron network is most small-world-like. We also study the ability of Izhikevich neurons to synchronise and the conditions under which such synchronisation occurs. We then implored the robust hierarchical clustering technique with sliding window analysis based on interspike-intervals (ISI) distance to find the synchronization clusters of neurons their evolution through over time in the form of an alluvial diagram. We seek to gain insights into how a neuronal network processes information from this method.
5-Bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylsulfinyl-1-benzofuran

In the title compound, C20H12BrFO2S, the 4-fluorophenyl ring makes a dihedral angle of 2.63 (6)° with the mean plane of the benzofuran fragment. The dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the mean plane of the benzofuran fragment is 84.60 (6)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and slipped π–π interactions between the benzene rings of neighbouring molecules [centroid–centroid distance = 3.719 (3) Å, interplanar distance = 3.000 (3) Å and slippage = 1.520 (3) Å].
Adaptive biped locomotion from a single demonstration using motion primitives

This work addresses the problem of learning to imitate human locomotion actions through low-level trajectories encoded with motion primitives and generalizing them to new situations from a single demonstration. In this line of thought, the main objectives of this work are twofold: The first is to analyze, extract and encode human demonstrations taken from motion capture data in order to model biped locomotion tasks. However, transferring motion skills from humans to robots is not limited to the simple reproduction, but requires the evaluation of their ability to adapt to new situations, as well as to deal with unexpected disturbances. Therefore, the second objective is to develop and evaluate a control framework for action shaping such that the single-demonstration can be modulated to varying situations, taking into account the dynamics of the robot and its environment. The idea behind the approach is to address the problem of generalization from a single-demonstration by combining two basic structures. The first structure is a pattern generator system consisting of movement primitives learned and modelled by dynamical systems (DS). This encoding approach possesses desirable properties that make them well-suited for trajectory generation, namely the possibility to change parameters online such as the amplitude and the frequency of the limit cycle and the intrinsic robustness against small perturbations. The second structure, which is embedded in the previous one, consists of coupled phase oscillators that organize actions into functional coordinated units. The changing contact conditions plus the associated impacts with the ground lead to models with multiple phases. Instead of forcing the robot’s motion into a predefined fixed timing, the proposed pattern generator explores transition between phases that emerge from the interaction of the robot system with the environment, triggered by sensor-driven events. The proposed approach is tested in a dynamics simulation framework and several experiments are conducted to validate the methods and to assess the performance of a humanoid robot.