Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection of Salmonella enterica Subspecies enterica serotypes in foods of animal origin by PCR

This study was aimed at identifying Salmonella enterica sub species enterica serotypes by amplification of salmonella genus specific 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16SrRNA) in foods of animal origin in and around Udaipur city. Food samples (total, n=632) of animal origin i.e. meat (n=206) milk (n=215) and egg (n=211) were purchased randomly from various retails shops located in the study area. Of the 632 samples, 10 isolates (1.58%) were positive for salmonella by conventional culture method specified by IS 5887 (Part 3):1999. DNA isolated from all the ten isolates was followed by molecular confirmation by polymerase chain reaction of 16SrRNA gene. The PCR products were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and all the ten isolates were found to be positive for 16SrRNA gene. This shows that PCR can be used as an alternative to the conventional methods of salmonella detection in food samples. The study showed that 16SrRNA primers are highly specific and sensitive for salmonella detection and the results can be obtained within 4-5 hours’ time. 16sRNA based PCR will be rapid and effective method for the surveillance of salmonella in foods of animal origin. Thus PCR offer a rapid and good diagnostic tool for routine monitoring of salmonellae in food samples compared to the conventional culture method.
Preparation and Evaluation of Two‐Dimensional Polymer Films by Chemical Modification of an Alkanethiol Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Protection of Copper Against Corrosion

Chemical modification of an 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (MUO) self-assembled monolayer chemisorbed on the copper surface with alkyltrichlorosilanes (C n TCS) has improved the protective ability of the monolayers against corrosion of copper in aqueous and atmospheric environments. In this study, further improvements of the ability were investigated by modification of the MUO self-assembled layer adsorbed on copper with tetrachlorosilane (TCS) and 1,2-bis(trichlorosilyl)ethane (BTCSE) for constructing a two-dimensional polymer structure in the assembly layer on the surface. The TCS or BTCSE-modified MUO monolayer was further treated with coupling agents like octyldimethylchlorosilane, octylmethyldichlorosilane, and octyltrichlorosilane. The modified monolayers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. Although the protective abilities of the modified layers against the cathodic reaction of copper corrosion in aerated 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 were not necessarily increased remarkably from those of the C n TCS-modified MUO monolayers, network structures arising from two-dimensional polymerization with lateral siloxane linkages between molecules adsorbed on copper resulted in enhancement of the protective ability against the anodic process
Autocatalytic Deposition of Gold and Palladium onto n ‐ GaAs in Acidic Media

Deposition of gold, palladium, and gold‐palladium alloys is obtained with the help of acidic electroless baths of low metal content. The baths are prepared by suitably mixing separate solutions containing the reductant (hydroxylamine hydrochloride) or one of the desired cations respectively, with suitable additives. The stability of the baths with time is good and their replenishment easy to realize. Provided that a suitable choice of mixture of the three solutions is made, they allow the fabrication of multilayered heterostructures which could be fruitfully used for ohmic contact preparation onto without any initial activation step. The deposition mechanism of gold and palladium and the effect of adding palladium to gold is discussed.
Solvent-Free and Metal-Free Oxidation of Toluene Using O-2 and g-C3N4 with Nanopores: Nanostructure Boosts the Catalytic Selectivit

Solvent-free oxidation of the primary C–H bonds in toluene to benzaldehyde has been achieved by using the metal-free catalyst g-C3N4 and O2. It is the nanostructure of g-C3N4 that boosts the high selectivity by tuning the homogeneous oxidation to hetergeneous oxidation and capturing all free •O2– radicals to effectively suppress the overoxidation of aldehydes.
Electric Permittivities and Elastic Constants of the Cyano Bi-Cyclohexanes (CCH)

Abstract Measurements of the electric permittivities and the splay and bend elastic constants of the cyano bicyclohexanes (CCH) are reported as a function of temperature. Comparison of the ratio of the bend to splay constants with that of analogous compounds containing phenyl rings shows unexpected trends, and attention is drawn to the possible relevance of recent novel structures of CCH determined by X-rays.
Density and viscosity of several pure and water-saturated ionic liquids

Densities and viscosities were measured as a function of temperature for six ionic liquids (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate and butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide . The density and the viscosity were obtained using a vibrating tube densimeter from Anton Paar and a rheometer from Rheometrics Scientific at temperatures up to 393 K and 388 K with an accuracy of 10−3 g cm−3 and 1%, respectively. The effect of the presence of water on the measured values was also examined by studying both dried and water-saturated samples. A qualitative analysis of the evolution of density and viscosity with cation and anion chemical structures was performed.
Determination of some engineering properties, proximate composition and phytochemical properties of African star apple

African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) is a popular tree in tropical region with all the parts used for food and medicinal purposes. This study focused on the determination of some physical properties, mechanical properties, proximate composition, and phytochemical properties of the fruit. The experiment was conducted using standard procedures. Results for the physical properties of the fruits had values as follows: length per fruit 3.41–5.53 cm, width per fruit 3.31–5.08 cm, and thickness per fruit 2.93–4.73 cm, respectively. The density was found to be 1.07 g.cm. The volume, angle of repose, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, spherical area was 47.55 cm, 4.74。 , 4.13 cm, 4.85 cm and 0.88 cm respectively. The result for the mechanical properties for maximum compressive stress was 0.0519–0.1193 MPa and mean was 0.0908 MPa, while the standard deviation and coefficient of variation were 0.0252 MPa and 0.2775% respectively for the longitudinal orientation. And it was 0.062– 0.0854 MPa and mean was 0.0739 with standard deviation and coefficient of variation were 0.0094 MPa and 0.1299% respectively for the transverse orientation. The coefficient of internal friction for the fruit was 0.083. The result of the proximate composition of the fruit showed that the juice component contained 76.20%–76.50 % moisture, 4.20%–4.40% fat, 3.4%–3.6% crude protein, 2.00%– 2.20% ash, 10.00%–10.10% carbohydrate and 3.6%–3.9% crude fibre. The African star apple was also found to contain high nutrients and minerals such as calcium, 413.20 mg100g, potassium, 654.21 mg 100g, sodium, 53.61 mg 100g, magnesium, 203 mg 100g, iron, 2.160 mg 100 g, and β -carotene content 367.92–368.11 mg 100g with low anti nutrient such as tannin, alkaloid, flavoid, steroid etc. This makes it safe for consumption as snacks by all.
INTERACTION OF OXYGEN WITH HOT TUNGSTEN

The reaction of oxygen at a polycrystalline tungsten surface has been studied over a temperature range from 1300° to 2450°K and for oxygen pressures from ∼10−5 to ∼10−8 torr. A mass spectrometer was used to measure the oxygen pressure. In determining absolute pressures care was taken to avoid errors which may arise due to spurious currents in a Bayard—Alpert ion gauge. The efficiency of removal of carbon impurity from tungsten, by heating in oxygen, was determined. After obtaining a low carbon content, the rates of removal of oxygen at the tungsten surface were determined as a function of temperature. At temperatures below ∼2000°K evaporation of oxides of tungsten occurs at predictable rates. At higher temperatures atomic oxygen is produced and the observed rate of removal of oxygen is strongly influenced by the specific surfaces present in the entire system. For example, a silver surface efficiently reacts with oxygen atoms, without apparent saturation, to give a large apparent increase in the pumping sp.
The use of rare earth cations as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in aerated NaCl solution

Purpose – Application of rare earth (RE) salts as a corrosion inhibitor was first proposed by Goldie and McCarrol in 1984. They showed that, with the addition of 0.001 M of Ce(NO3) or La(NO3) to 3.5% NaCl solution, the inhibition efficiencies were 91 and 82% for carbon steel, respectively. The aim of this paper is to study the inhibition of a mixture of Ce and La cations on the corrosion prevention of St37 carbon steel in aerated NaCl solutions using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential and constant potential measurements.Design/methodology/approach – In this study, St37 steel was used as an experimental sample. The applied inhibitor was a powder mixture of Ce and La oxides with the ratio of Ce/La = 2/1. Each gram of this powder was dissolved in 4 cc acetic acid because of their insolubility in water. Steel samples were polished with 120 to 800 grit SiC polishing papers, deoxidized in 15 per cent HCl, and then ultrasonically cleaned in ethanol. They were degreased in acetone a.
ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBLIZATION OF IBUPROFEN USING SUCROSE LAURATE

The objective of this paper was to investigate solubility of a poorly-soluble drug (ibuprofen) using sucrose monolaurate. Sucrose laurate was used in this research in different concentrations ranging from 2 to 20% to solubilize ibuprofen. Ibuprofen was analyzed using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer at wave length of 222 nm. The results showed that sucrose laurate in the concentration of 20% gave the best solubility of ibuprofen up to 45 mg/ml. Also the low critical micelle concentration of sucrose laurate favors the solubility of this poorly soluble drug. As a conclusion, this research sucrose laurate can be successfully used for enhancing solubility and hence, the bioavailability of ibuprofen for pediatric administration.
Thermo-Reversible Sol−Gel Transition of Surface Modified Titanium Poly Oxo Building Blocks

In this paper, the thermo-reversible sol−gel transition of titanium poly oxo building blocks dispersed in a solution of p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSH) in isopropanol is reported. The sol formed by the thermo-hydrolysis at 60 °C of titanium tetraisopropoxide (Ti(OiPr)4) reversibly changes into a gel upon cooling. A large domain of formulations (β-domain) presenting this thermo-reversible behavior has been obtained for samples containing different nominal acidity (A = [PTSH]/[Ti]) and hydrolysis (H = [H2O]/[Ti]) ratios. The EXAFS study of the β-domain evidences the formation of different titanium poly oxo building blocks, depending on the formulation, for which the local-order structure does not change upon sol−gel transition. This result points out that the thermo-reversible behavior is linked to interfacial properties of these building blocks. SAXS results indicate that the thermo-reversible gelation is associated to a reversible aggregation of a disperse set of building blocks. The presence of both immob.
Piezoelectric quartz crystal sensors applied for bioanalytical assays and characterization of affinity interactions

This review presents piezoelectric quartz crystals as transducers suitable for development of different types of bioanalytical assays. The components of measuring systems for piezosensors are described together with providers of commercial equipment. The piezoelectric biosensors are summarized for determination of viruses, bacterial and other cells, proteins, nucleic acids and small molecules as drugs, hormones and pesticides. In addition to mass changes, some agglutination assays employing viscosity effects are addressed. Finally, the direct label-free and real-time monitoring of affinity interactions using piezosensors is presented. The theoretical background for determination of appropriate kinetic rate and equilibrium constants is shown and the approach is demonstrated on the interaction of antibody with the corresponding antigen (protein secalin). Several examples of affinity studies are provided, including interactions of proteins (antibody and antigens, receptors and ligands), nucleic acids (hybridization, intercalation of metal complexes), lipids and saccharide-based layers.
Fast Prediction Method for Steady‐State Heat Convection

A reduced model by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and Galerkin projection methods for steady-state heat convection is established on a nonuniform grid. It was verified by thousands of examples that the results are in good agreement with the results obtained from the finite volume method. This model can also predict the cases where model parameters far exceed the sample scope. Moreover, the calculation time needed by the model is much shorter than that needed for the finite volume method. Thus, the nonuniform POD-Galerkin projection method exhibits high accuracy, good suitability, and fast computation. It has universal significance for accurate and fast prediction. Also, the methodology can be applied to more complex modeling in chemical engineering and technology, such as reaction and turbulence.
Nd2(S, Se, Te)3 Colloidal Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Energy Level Alignment, Charge Transfer Dynamics, and Their Applications to Solar Cells

Novel and less toxic quantum dot (QD) semiconductors are desired for developing environmentally benign colloidal quantum dot solar cells. Here, the synthesis of novel lead/cadmium‐free neodymium chalcogenide Nd2(S, Se, Te)3 QDs via solution‐processed method is reported for the first time. The results show that small‐bandgap semiconductor QDs with a narrow size distribution ranging from 2 to 8 nm can be produced, and the wide absorption band can be achieved by the redshift owing to the size quantization effect by controlling the initial loading of chalcogenide precursors. By analyzing the band structure of QDs and the energy level alignment between QDs and TiO2, the influence of energy offset between the conduction band edges of QDs and TiO2 on the charge transfer dynamics and photovoltaic performance of QD solar cells (QDSCs) is investigated. It is revealed that among the three types of QDs studied, Nd2Se3 QDSCs with the smallest energy offset exhibit the best performances and a decent power conversion efficiency of 3.19% is achieved. This work clearly demonstrates the promising potentials of novel rare earth chalcogenide quantum dots in photovoltaic applications.
Atomically controlled processing for group IV semiconductors

Atomic‐order surface reaction processes on the group IV semiconductor surface are formulated based on the Langmuir‐type surface adsorption and reaction scheme. In in situ doped Si1−xGex epitaxial growth on the (100) surface in an SiH4–GeH4–dopant (PH3, B2H6 or SiH3CH3)–H2 gas mixture, the deposition rate, the Ge fraction and the dopant concentration are explained quantitatively by assuming that the reactant gas adsorption/reaction depends on the surface site materials and that the dopant incorporation in the grown film is conducted by Henry's law. The self‐limiting formation of 1–3 monolayers of group IV or related atoms in the thermal adsorption and reaction of hydride gases (SiH4, GeH4, NH3, PH3, CH4 and SiH3CH3) on Si(100) and Ge(100) is also generalized based on the Langmuir‐type model. The Si epitaxial growth over the phosphorus layer already formed on Si(100) by PH3 treatment is achieved.
An Alternative Strategy to Adjust the Recombination Mechanism of Organic Photovoltaics by Implementing Ternary Compounds

N. Gasparini, Dr. M. Salvador, Dr. S. Fladischer, Prof. C. J. Brabec, Dr. T. Ameri Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Martensstraße 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany E-mail: nicola.gasparini@fau.de; tayebeh.ameri@fau.de Dr. M. Salvador Instituto de Telecomunicações Instituto Superior Técnico Av. Rovisco Pais , P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal Dr. S. Fladischer, Prof. E. Spiecker Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstraße 6 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany A. Katsouras, Prof. A. Avgeropoulos, Dr. C. L. Chochos Department of Materials Science Engineering University of Ioannina Ioannina 45110 , Greece Prof. C. J. Brabec Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern) Haberstrasse 2a , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
Macro- and Micro-scale Observation on Dynamic Behavior of Diesel Spray Affected by Ambient Density and Temperature

High boosting technology is commonly applied to diesel engines in recent years. Amid this trend, the study of spray behavior at ignition delay period still plays an important role in diesel combustion. This study focuses on the effect of ambient condition on diesel spray. The study investigates both macroscale and micro-scale dynamic behaviors of diesel spray affected by ambient density and temperature at early stage of injection. A study via dual nano-spark shadowgraph method and rapid compression machine has been carried out to simulate real diesel engine combustion and to further understand the dynamics behavior of droplet evaporation and size distribution at early stage of mixture formation in the chamber. The micro-scale images captured reveal a shape variation of branch-like structures formed at the spray boundary. The evaporation of droplets is also captured clearly in macro- and micro scale photographs under the condition of high temperature ambient. Detailed observation and analysis of the images show that high ambient density affects the spray atomization at the upper stream of diesel spray at the early stage of injection. High temperature and high density air entrainment into spray promotes droplets evaporation, in particular, at the upper stream of spray. At high density ambience, spray evaporation and mixture formation are first promoted at the middle stream of spray region that is about 20mm from the injector outlet.
Development and design of cold heat exchanger of pulse tube cooler

During the past fifteen years, heat transfer in oscillating flows has become a subject of increasing interest in the engineering community. Applications of oscillating flows include, for example, cooling electric equipment or alternative, environmentally safe refrigeration technologies, such as pulse tubes or Stirling refrigerators. Important components of these refrigerators are their heat exchangers. In such devices, the working fluid is subject to oscillatory forcing which is a key part of the process, as opposed to situations where oscillations are generated with the aim to enhance heat transfer. Heat transfer in oscillating, and often compressible flow, has not yet been completely understood, and the lack of design methodologies for heat exchangers in such flow is one reason that efficiencies of these devices are limited. A practical design method of a cold heat exchanger was developed in this paper. The influence of the working gas oscillation on heat transfer was considered in this method. The design parameters related to gas oscillation can be calculated using known methods.
High incidence of biallelic point mutations in the Runt domain of the AML1/PEBP2αB gene in Mo acute myeloid leukemia and in myeloid malignancies with acquired trisomy 21

The AML1 gene, situated in 21q22, is often rearranged in acute leukemias through t(8;21) translocation, t(12;21) translocation, or less often t(3;21) translocation. Recently, point mutations in the Runt domain of the AML1 gene have also been reported in leukemia patients. Observations for mutations of the Runt domain of the AML1 gene in bone marrow cells were made in 300 patients, including 131 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 94 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 28 with blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 3 with atypical CML, 41 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 3 with essential thrombocythemia (ET). Forty-one of the patients had chromosome 21 abnormalities, including t(8;21) in 6 of the patients with AML, t(12;21) in 8 patients with ALL, acquired trisomy 21 in 17 patients, tetrasomy 21 in 7 patients, and constitutional trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) in 3 patients. A point mutation was found in 14 cases (4.7%), including 9 (22%) of the 41 patients with AML of the Mo type (MoAML) (none of them had detectable chromosome 21 rearrangement) and 5 (38%) of the 13 myeloid malignancies with acquired trisomy 21 (1 M1AML, 2 M2AML, 1 ET, and 1 atypical CML). In at least 8 of 9 mutated cases of MoAML, both AML alleles were mutated: 3 patients had different stop codon mutations of the 2 AML1 alleles, and 5 patients had the same missense or stop codon mutation in both AML1 alleles, which resulted in at least 3 of the patients having duplication of the mutated allele and deletion of the normal residual allele, as shown by FISH analysis and by comparing microsatellite analyses of several chromosome 21 markers on diagnosis and remission samples. In the remaining mutated cases, with acquired trisomy 21, a missense mutation of AML1, which involved 2 of the 3 copies of the AML1 gene, was found. Four of the 7 mutated cases could be reanalyzed in complete remission, and no AML1 mutation was found, showing that mutations were acquired in the leukemic clone. In conclusion, these findings confirm the possibility of mutations of the Runt domain of the AML1 gene in leukemias, mainly in MoAML and in myeloid malignancies with acquired trisomy 21. AML1 mutations, in MoAML, involved both alleles and probably lead to nonfunctional AML1 protein. As AML1 protein regulates the expression of the myeloperoxidase gene, the relationship between AML1 mutations and Mo phenotype in AML will have to be further explored. (Blood. 2000;96:2862-2869)
Control of the plasma chemistry of a pulsed inductively coupled methane plasma

The plasma chemistry in a pulsed inductively coupled plasma from methane is investigated. The densities of stable neutrals up to C4H10 are measured using quantitative mass spectrometry. It is demonstrated that the plasma composition for neutral species depends uniquely on the dissipated energy per source gas molecule, Emean. This quantity can most easily be controlled by changing plasma power, gas flow or duty cycle of the pulsed plasma.