Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remarks on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Hypsilurus Peters, 1867 (Reptilia, Agamidae, Amphibolurinae)

Specimens of Hypsilurus spp. corresponding to sequences deposited on GenBank were re-examined. The voucher specimens relating to GenBank sequences were tracked down and their species status confirmed. Sequences reported in earlier publication as H. “bruijnii” and H. “nigrigularis” turned out to be those of H. magnus and H. schultzewestrumi instead. Further confusion surrounded specimens of H. modestus, H. dilophus and H. papuensis. Based on these results a new phylogenetic tree was constructed and the genus name Lophosaurus Fitzinger, 1843 was resurrected.
On the Process of Cellular Division in Escherichia coli VI. Use of a Methocel-Autoradiographic Method for the Study of Cellular Division in Escherichia coli

A technique allowing chain formation by Escherichia coli for the analysis of the segregation of certain cellular components by autoradiographic methods has been developed. Deoxyribonucleic acid labeled with 3H-thymidine does not appear to segregate preferentially with one or another of the bacteria. Membrane lipids labeled with either 3H-oleate or 3H-glycerol are evenly distributed among all progeny cells. A similar pattern of distribution of cell wall material is observed when 3H-diaminopimelate is used as the marker.
Classification of Antimicrobial Peptides among the Innate Immune Modulators

Multidrug-resistant super bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections are major health threaten pathogens. However, to overcome the present healthcare situation, among the leading alternatives to current drugs are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are abundantly produced via various species in nature. AMPs, small host defense proteins, are in charge of the innate immunity for the protection of multicellular organisms such as fish, amphibian, reptile, plants and animals from infection. The number of AMPs identified per year has increased steadily since the 1980s. Over 2,000 natural AMPs from bacteria, protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals have been listed into the antimicrobial peptide da-tabase (APD). The majority of these AMPs (>86%) possess 11–50 amino acids with a net charge from 0 to +7 and hydrophobic percentages between 31–70%. This report classified AMP into several cate-gories including biological source, biological functions, peptide properties, covalent bonding pattern, and 3D structure. AMP functions not only antimicrobial activity but facilitates cell biological activity such as chemotatic activity. In addition, fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) originated from mouse lymph node stroma induced the expression of AMP in inflammatory condition. AMP induced from FRC con-tained whey acidic protein (WAP) domain. It suggests that the classification of AMP will be done by protein domain.
The effects of fertilization on the trait–abundance relationships in a Tibetan alpine meadow community

Aims Comparisons of the trait-abundance relationships from various habitat types are critical for community ecology, which can offer us insights about the mechanisms underlying the local community assembly, such as the relative role of neutral vs. niche processes in shaping community structure. Here, we explored the responses of trait-abundance relationships to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization in an alpine meadow. Methods Five fertilization treatments (an unfertilized control and additions of N, P, K and NPK respectively) were implemented using randomized block design in an alpine Tibetan meadow. Species relative abundance (SRA), plant above-ground biomass and species richness were measured in each plot. For 24 common species, we measured species functional traits: saturated height, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) in each treatment but seed size only in the unfertilized control. Standard major axis (SMA) regression and phylogenetically independent contrasts (PICs) analysis were used to analyse species trait-abundance relationships in response to different fertilization treatments. Important Findings Positive correlations between SRA and saturated height were raised following N, P and NPK fertilizations, which indicated an increase in light competition in these plots. In P fertilized plots, SRA was also positively correlated with LDMC because tall grasses with a nutrients conservation strategy often have a relative competitive advantage in capturing limited light and soil nutrients. In K fertilized plots, neither the trait-abundance relationships nor above-ground biomass or species richness significantly differed from that in the control, which suggests that K was not a limiting resource in our study site. These significant correlations between species traits and relative abundance in fertilized treatment suggest that trait-based selection plays an important role in determining species abundance within local communities in alpine meadows.
Visibility forecast in the phase of pre-condensation

The effect on visibility of the swelling of aerosol particles due to increasing humidity is studied. The swelling can be described by r(f)/r (0) = (1 - f ) ? 1/? where r ( f ) = particle radius at relative humidity f and ? = const ? 4 on the average. The visibility variation is expressed as V(f)/V(f 0 ) = [(1 - f )/(1 - f 0 )] V * ? 1)/? where V * = exponent of the aerosol size distribution ? 3 on the average. The last formula allows to compute the standard visual range V(f) at relative humidity f from the present standard visual range V(f 0 ) at present relative humidity f 0 . DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1969. tb00469.x
Morphological Differentiation of Etheostoma olmstedi and E. nigrum (Pisces: Percidae) in Canada

Doubts about the validity of the species status of Canadian populations of tessellated darter, Etheostoma olmstedi (Storer) and the johnny darter, E. nigrum (Rafinesque), led to the present examination of 24 meristic and morphometric characters on 767 fishes from 97 locations dispersed over the whole Canadian range of the species complex. Results obtained from a principal components analysis combined with a character index analysis showed that 48.7% of our sample were E. olmstedi and 47.4% were E. nigrum. Of the 30 (3.9%) unidentified fishes, 21 were classified (P < 0.05) within the defined taxa when submitted to a discriminant functions analysis (DFA). In addition, 97.1% of the newly classified fishes were considered correctly identified when submitted to DFA. The major discriminating features for the Canadian populations were an index of scalation of the cheek and nape, the number of dorsal-fin rays and the number of preoperculomandibular and infraorbital pores. Exceptions for the scalation indices in eastern and central Quebec were examined in detail. Clear morphological differences and evidence for a discrete gene pool in an area of sympatry are in accordance with the recognition of the species status in Canada. E. olmstedi is distributed from eastern Quebec to the Lake Ontario region. It is sympatric with E. nigrum over its whole Canadian range. E. nigrum extends its range to eastern Saskatchewan. Finally, because we acknowledge the need to recognize subspecies with unique evolutionary histories, we do not consider it useful to follow the subspecific categorizations suggested by previous taxonomists for the Canadian
A Vegetational Description of a Mid-Missouri Forest Using Gradient Analysis Techniques

Several gradient analytical techniques were used to pro- vide rigorous ecological description of 75 forest plots in the Ashland Wild- life Area (AWA), Missouri. Tetrachoric correlation was used to construct a comparison matrix of the tree species. Gradients were then extracted from the comparison matrix using a principal components analysis. The model produced from the principal components analysis displayed vege- tational patterns evident in the area. The species principal component values were weighted, independently, by density, basal area and impor- tance value, to position the plots along the dimensions of the model. All three weighting variables yielded highly similar plot positions along a theoretical moisture gradient. Application of differential weighting to quantify direction and rate of compositional change, expressed as a vector, provided evidence that the forest composition of the Ashland Wildlife Area is becoming more mesic. A number of environmental variables were used as the third dimension on graphs of the plot posi- tions. Several environmental variables bear a definite relationship to species compositional patterns. A principal components model of the sapling and shrub species shows a few species shifting from xeric to more mesic conditions as compared to the tree model. This is verified by com- paring sapling densities of the dominant species. Acer saccharum is the leading sapling dominant in the Ashland Wildlife Area; and it appears likely that this species will eventually come to dominate the overstory of the present oak forests.
Functional connectivity and genetic diversity of Eulaema atleticana (Apidae, Euglossina) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Corridor: assessment of gene flow

The mobility and dispersal of organisms affect population genetics and dynamics, and consequently affect persistence and the risk of extinction. Thus, it is important to understand how organisms move in the fragmented landscapes in order to manage populations and predict the effects of habitat changes on species persistence. This study evaluated the functional connectivity of an orchid bee (Eulaema atleticana Nemésio, 2009) with a high fidelity to forest habitats in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Corridor by analyzing genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure, and gene flow estimated from microsatellite and mitochondrial markers. Genetic diversity was not correlated with area of the forest fragments, or with forest isolation. At the mosaic scale, Eulaema atleticana showed no significant or low genetic differentiation, indicating genetic homogeneity among forest fragments. A previous field study indicated that Eulaema atleticana was one of the most sensitive Euglossina bees to forest fragmentation but the present molecular analyses demonstrates that current gene flow is sufficient to maintain genetic variability at the mosaic scale.
Dorsal darkening and territoriality in a wild population of the tree lizards, Urosaurus ornatus

La coloration dorsale apparait chez les males dominants.Cet attribut n'est pas permanent et apparait quand le male a reussi a supplanter un autre male sur son territoire.Cette coloration semble etre un signal de dominance. L'organisation sociale de cette espece est caracterisee par une hierarchisation surimposee a un systeme territorial
Hay-meadows production and weed dynamics as influenced by management

Managers of extensive livestock systems generally have 2 goals for permanent grassland management: to obtain sufficient dry matter to feed animals and to avoid the establishment and dominance of unpalatable species. Hay production in French Pyrenean meadows is dependant on the need to balance grazing and cutting dates to produce maximum biomass for hay stock and to prevent seed recruitment of Chaerophyllum aureum L. , one of the major invasive unpalatable species. Experiments and observations on a set of meadows within farms show that optimal dates calculated from degree-days for cutting or spring grazing of C. aureum fitted to seed production and apex development respectively, decreases hay yield. This decrease is related to the earliness of the cut in regard to sward growth or to the biomass loss by senescence due to the vegetative regrowth of the sward after spring grazing. Compromises and choices have to be made for each meadow by the farmer according to its potential production, the risk of invasion by C. aureum, and its role in the forage system.
Comparison of Three Methods for Recovery of Campylobacter spp. from Broiler Carcasses.

We compared three enrichment methods, with different sampling times (mid-and endpoint incubation) and various dilutions of enrichment culture for productivity in the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from 50 retail-level chicken carcasses. We subcultured the enrichment cultures onto three Campylobacter spp. -selective media (Campy-BAP, CCDA, Campy-Cefex) to compare yields of the organism. The highest yield (43/50) of Campylobacter spp. from these carcasses was derived by using the 24-h enrichment culture of Hunt & Radle diluted 1:100 before plating onto any of the three selective plating media. When all carcass analyses were combined, Campylobacter spp. was recovered from 49 of 50 broilers. This study indicates the optimum approaches for the recovery of Campylobacter spp. , as well as the high incidence of the organism among the broiler carcasses tested.
Reciprocal parasitization in Rhinanthus serotinus : a model system of physiological integration in clonal plants

Physiological integration among shoots of a clone occurs in a wide range of species and is often interpreted to be adaptive and especially beneficial in heterogeneous environments. Translocation of resources is, however, not restricted to clonal plants, but can also occur between shoots of genetically different individuals. We analysed non-clonal integration between individuals of the facultative root hemiparasite Rhinanthus serotinus that reciprocally parasitized each other. The parasites were grown pairwise in pots without hosts. In half of the pots the parasites were separated below ground by a plastic division. In the other half of the pots the plants developed connections through haustoria. In a first experiment the separation treatment was combined with different levels of soil nutrients. The mean performance of the two plants in a pot was not influenced by separation, but increased considerably with increasing soil nutrient levels. The size variation between plants in a pot was much higher if plants were connected below ground. Because the environment within pots was homogeneous, this must be interpreted as asymmetric competition for below-ground resources. However, the level of these resources did not significantly affect the size variation and therefore the strength of competition. In a second experiment a heterogeneous environment was simulated by applying fertilizer to the leaves of one parasite per pot. Under these conditions size variation between plants within a pot was significantly lower if the parasites were connected below ground than if they were not. This indicates that resource translocation similar to that observed in clonal plants can occur between genetically different hemiparasites. Since non-clonal systems can at least partly mimic phenomena found in clonal systems, adaptive explanations for clonal integration have to be applied with caution.
Impacts of gibberellin (GA3) on sensorial quality and storability of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

The eventual impacts of the gibberellin (GA3) application on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties 'Cardinal' and 'Michele Palieri', on grape quality and their storage potential were studied. The grape quality was determined as individual and total carbohydrates and organic acids, but also the external skin colouration was measured. The measurement of polyphenol oxidases (PPO) activity was contributed to clearly understand storage potential. During the grape maturation the statistical differences in grape quality were observed according to the treatments. The treatments with GA3 showed similar and related impacts on grape quality at both varieties only at harvest, where the statistically highest total sugar concentration (223-226 g kg-1) was determined at 50 ppm, followed by 20 ppm (216-223 g kg-1) and the lowest 201-220 g kg-1 at control. The organic acid concentrations in the grape of both varieties did not show any similar correlation according to treatments. The PPO activities were slightly higher at mature grape of 'Cardinal' (2.5-3.0 ? A min-1g-1) compared to 'Michele Palieri' (1.0-1.2 ? A min-1g-1), and the activities at both varieties during storage decreased. At harvest the CIRG indices of 'Cardinal' (5.5-6.1) and of 'Michele Palieri' (6.6-6.9) did not statistically differ among treatments as at the end of storage, where the highest indices were calculated at treatment 50 ppm at both varieties. The grape quality of table grape responded differently to GA3 applications, especially the different impacts were observed according to varieties.
In vitro Teasle Gourd Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Development as Affected by Sucrose, Boric Acid, and Inorganic Salts

ABSTRACT The rapid rate of pollen tube formation in vitro exhibited by some plant species has become a model system for studying growth and development in plants during the past decades. In vitro pollen germination and pollen tube characters were examined as they were affected by nutrient media in Teasle gourd [Momordica subangulata Blume ssp. renigera (G. Don) de Wilde]. Concentrations of sucrose or boric acid, applied separately or in combination, and inorganic salts (potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, calcium nitrate) were used as growth media. The best pollen germination (49.82%), highest pollen tube length (77.81 μm), and maximum recovery (36.73%) of intact pollen tube were with 20% sucrose + 0.025% boric acid. Use of inorganic salts in low concentrations negated the benefits of sucrose or boric acid. Germination of pollen grain and subsequent growth of pollen tubes are at least in part physiologically independent in this crop. Considerable rupturing of pollen tubes in boron-deficient media and integration of pollen tubes in calcium-rich media occurred. Sucrose and boric acid beneficially influenced pollen germination and pollen tube formation in teasle gourd.
The automatic synthesis of descriptive data using the taxonomic hierarchy

Descriptive data about taxa at one level of the taxonomic hierarchy may be inferred from representative data referable to another level. The process is bi-directional. Data agglomeration enables taxon characteristics to be derived from the characteristics of a subordinate level and data propagation enables taxon characteristics to be derived from the characteristics of a superior taxonomic level. This applies to any form of descriptive taxonomic data (e.g. morphological, cytological, distributional, uses, etc.) and at all levels of the taxonomic hierarchy. Examples taken from a revision for the production of DELTA format descriptions and distribution data are discussed. The major advantages of implementing these processes in a database system are: products and queries are based directly on representative data; they can be derived automatically from the data set without the necessary intervention of a taxonomist; less work is required to synthesize products or answer queries; there is greater guarantee of database integrity; data redundancy is reduced and thus storage space is conserved. The use of these processes should play a central part in any development of taxonomically intelligent database management systems.
The uses of enchantment : the meaning and importance of fairy tales

Wicked stepmothers and beautiful princesses . magic forests and enchanted towers . little pigs and big bad wolves . Fairy tales have been an integral part of childhood for hundreds of years. But what do they really mean? In this award-winning work of criticism, renowned psychoanalyst Dr Bruno Bettelheim presents a thought provoking and stimulating exploration of the best-known fairy stories. He reveals the true content of the stories and shows how children can use them to cope with their baffling emotions and anxieties.
Investigation of geosmin removal efficiency by microorganism isolated from biological activated carbon

【Recently, the production of taste and odor (T&O) compounds is a common problem in water industry. Geosmin is one of the T&O components in drinking water. However, geosmin is hardly eliminated through the conventional water treatment systems. Among various advanced processes capable of removing geosmin, adsorption process using granular activated carbon (GAC) is the most commonly used process. As time passes, however GAC process changes into biological activated carbon (BAC) process. There is little information on the BAC process in the literature. In this study, we isolated and identified microorganisms existing within various BAC processes. The microbial concentrations of BAC processes examined were $3.5{\times}10^5$ colony forming units (CFU/g), $2.2{\times}10^6CFU/g$ and $7.0{\times}10^5CFU/g$ in the Seongnam plant, Goyang plant and Goryeong pilot plant, respectively. The dominant bacterial species were found to be Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Novosphingobium rosa and Afipia broomeae in each plants. Removal efficiencies of $3{\mu}g/L$ geosmin by the dominant species were 36.1%, 36.5% and 34.3% in mineral salts medium(MSM) where geosmin was a sole carbon source. 】
Effect of dietary enrichment with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on in vitro neutrophil and monocyte leukotriene generation and neutrophil function

Abstract The effects of dietary fish-oil fatty acids on the function of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of peripheral-blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes were determined in seven normal subjects who supplemented their usual diet for six weeks with daily doses of triglycerides containing 3.2 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 2.2 g of docosahexaenoic acid. The diet increased the eicosapentaenoic acid content in neutrophils and monocytes more than sevenfold, without changing the quantities of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. When the neutrophils were activated, the release of [3H]arachidonic acid and its labeled metabolites was reduced by a mean of 37 per cent, and the maximum generation of three products of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway was reduced by more than 48 per cent. The ionophore-induced release of [3H]arachidonic acid and its labeled metabolites from monocytes in monolayers was reduced by a mean of 39 per cent, and the generation of leukotriene B4 by 58 per cent. The adherence of neutro.
Age, Growth and Longevity of Sympatric Triturus cristatus, T. marmoratus and Their Hybrids (Amphibia, Urodela): A Skeletochronological Comparison

In the ponds of some regions of France, Triturus cristatus and Triturus marmoratus coexist and natural hybrids can be found. In the course of our study examining evolutionary strategies of newts, the method of individual age determination (skeletochronology) was applied. Cross-sections of femurs and phalanges were stained with Ehrlich hematoxylin. Hematoxylinophilic lines considered to be Lines of Arrested Growth (LAG) were observed and carefully counted. Our results on longevity, median age, sexual maturity and growth rate concur with the observations on life span of the two species in allopatric situations. The general morphology of the hybrids, age at sexual maturity and median life span were intermediate between those of the parental species. In Mayenne (western France), the ranges of two closely related species of newts, Triturus cristatus (Laurenti, 1768) and T. marmoratus (La- treille, 1800) overlap (Thorn, 1968; Rafinski and