Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuous auditing to manage risks in payroll

Continuous analysis technique Audit as presented in this article to speed up the audit process aimed at reviewing controls, risk management and detection: fraud, suspicious and unusual transactions, errors, etc. The implementation is done by using CAATs (Computer Assisted Auditing Techniques) and a case of payroll where through the use of these techniques is facilitated illustrated: detecting variations on the basic wage, errors and / or fraud in the calculation of payable liquid and discovered “ghost” employees. With the use of Continuous Auditing the effectiveness of controls is maintained because being tested continuously and reporting the results to the occurrence of an event or shortly after treatment while the traditional audit the effectiveness increases after completing the work and deliver recommendations but decreases until the next audit.
Criterion-Related Validity of the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research for Alexithymia in Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Background: Because of criticism made against psychiatric assessment of somatization, alternative Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) have been proposed by an international group of psychosomatic investigators. One of these criteria concerns the alexithymia construct. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the criterion-related validity of the DCPR for alexithymia syndrome (DCPR-A). A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between alexithymia and depressed mood. Method: The study included 190 consecutive outpatients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Alexithymia was assessed by means of the DCPR-A and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Depressed mood was assessed on the basis of the Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HDS) and the DSM-IV criteria. Results: The sensitivity of the DCPR-A together with the TAS-20 was 70.2%, specificity was 81.6%, positive predictive power 88.9%, negative predictive power 66.0% and overall hit rate 46.8%. DCPR-A positives scored significantly higher than DCPR-A negatives on the TAS-20 scores (t = 9.86, p < 0.001). The TAS-20 was not associated with any measure of depression, while the DCPR-A was significantly associated with the HDS and DSM-IV criteria. Conclusions: The DCPR-A had adequate sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, thus proving that the criterion has good validity. The differences in association found between alexithymia and depression suggest that they may be due to differences in the methods of investigation rather than to the constructs per se.
Dimensions of occupational stress in West Indian secondary school teachers.

Summary. Despite a growing body of research on teacher stress and development of stress-management programmes, studies come almost exclusively from just a few industrialised nations and the applicability of their recommendations for teacher training in developing regions is difficult to ascertain. The present study helps to redress this imbalance, and reports on data from 444 secondary school teachers in Barbados using a 36-item self-report instrument. Individual item means indicated that difficulties associated with classroom instructional and management demands were perceived by the majority of teachers to be the most stressful aspects of their work. On the other hand, factor analysis and ANOVA computations revealed that problems associated with time management most clearly differentiated between teachers when compared on the basis of sex, qualifications, and years of experience. Findings are discussed generally with reference to the existing international literature, and more specifically in terms of living and working conditions in the West Indies.
Measuring Depression in Korean Americans: Development of the Kim Depression Scale for Korean Americans

This article discusses issues related to measuring depression in linguistic and cultural minority groups, using Korean Americans as an example. The article details the process of developing and evaluating a depression-screening tool for Korean Americans. A series of focus groups was conducted in the development stage of the study. In the evaluation phase, 154 first-generation Korean Americans participated in the assessment of the psychometric properties of the newly developed depression scale, the Kim Depression Scale for Korean Americans (KDSKA). The KDSKA showed adequate reliability, validity, and potentially high sensitivity as a depression-screening tool for Korean Americans.
Secure and Practical TreeStructure TreeStructure TreeStructure Signature Schemes Based on Discrete Logarithms

In this paper, we present another tree-structure signature scheme based on discrete logarithm problem modulo p, where p is a large prime. The basic signing algorithm is the original ELGmal signature scheme. The scheme attains ideal security, i.e, finding existential forgeries under adaptively chosen message attacks is equivalent to solving the discrete logarithm of any random integer y ∈ Z∗ p . The scheme is also efficient, it can be implemented almost as efficiently as the original ELGamal signature scheme. We can regard the scheme as an application of ELGamal signature scheme in tree-structure signature schemes.
Infectivity titration of a prototype strain of hepatitis E virus in cynomolgus monkeys

The infectivity titer of a standard stock of the SAR‐55 strain of hepatitis E virus (HEV) was determined in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fas cicularis) and the effect of dose on the course of the infection was examined by weekly monitoring of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and anti‐HEV levels. Antibody to HEV (anti‐HEV) was measured with ELISAs based on ORF‐2 recombinant antigens consisting of either a 55 kDa region expressed in insect cells or shorter regions expressed as fusion proteins in bacteria. The ELISA based on the 55 kDa antigen was generally more sensitive. The infectivity titer of SAR‐55 was 106 cynomolgus 50% infectious doses per gram of feces. The infectivity titer corresponded to the HEV genome titer of the inoculum as determined by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Anti‐HEV IgM was detected in only a portion of the animals that had an anti‐HEV IgG response. Biochemical evidence of hepatitis was most prominent in animals that were inoculated with the higher concentrations of virus and the incubation period to seroconversion was prolonged in animals that received the lower doses. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Ozone Day Prediction Using a Combination Method of Matrix Completion and Interactive Lasso

The missing data classification problem is one of the common problems in machine learning. Conventional method eliminates the samples with missing values. In this paper, matrix completion, as a new method is proposed for filling the missing data. And this method and two traditional methods, eliminating the samples with missing values and filling the missing data based on the sample similarity, are compared through experiments on the ozone classification data. In addition, the ozone day prediction depends on complex interaction information among data features, so the interactive lasso model is proposed for interaction feature selection and classification. The interactive lasso method is compared with the lasso and random forest (RF) methods. The final experimental results demonstrate our combination method. The classification accuracy of ozone day is approaching 100%.
Neuropeptide Y increases intracellular calcium in rat pinealocytes

The pineal gland is mainly innervated by sympathetic fibres containing noradrenaline (NA) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). NA released at night stimulates melatonin synthesis via a β1‐adrenergic‐induced increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration potentiated by an α1‐adrenergic‐induced increase in Ca2+ concentration. We previously showed that NPY acted on presynaptic Y2 receptors inhibiting NA release and on postsynaptic Y1 receptors stimulating melatonin synthesis. Here we used Fura‐2 imaging to assess the effect of NPY on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, in cultured rat pineal cells. In 84% of cells, on average, 10 nm NPY induced a progressive rise of [Ca2+]i from its basal value of 102 ± 3 nm to a plateau of 180 ± 6 nm (n = 467 cells), which lasted the time of NPY application. This effect of NPY appeared dependent on extracellular Ca2+.
Probiotics : Selection criteria , safety and role in health and disease

In past few years, global neutraceutical market has witnessed an increased recognition to the probiotic supplements. Consumers are becoming more aware about food supplements which could enhance the immunity and reduce the medical incidences in their life. The probiotic approach of modulating the gut flora to re-establish the normal health has gained much creditability among modern therapeutic strategies because probiotics first colonize in our gut and perform their antibacterial, competitive and anti-inflammatory action during their inhabitation period into the host. The ongoing developments in new genomic, proteomic and metabolomic techniques have reduced the burden of researchers for identification and characterization of novel probiotic strains. Likewise, the temptation to share the remarkable benefit from current nutraceutical market has also significantly increased the misleading claims on probiotic foods. Current review comprehends and harmonizes the customary information on probiotic isolation, identification, their potential role in human health along with current guidelines and regulations. Abbreviations: BATH, Bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons; BSH, Bile salt hydrolases; EPS, Exo-polysaccharides; GIT, Gastrointestinal tract; GRAS, Generally recognized as safe; IBD, Inflammatory bowel disease; IDF, International diabetes federation; LAB, Lactic acid bacteria; MATH, Microbial adherence to hydrocarbons; MRS, de-Man Rogosa Sharpe; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; UC, Ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’s disease.
Cancer, anxiety, and quality of life.

The etiology of anxiety for the patient experiencing cancer is often multifocal and persistent in origin. Hence, because of anxiety's chronic nature, the patient's overall quality of life may be negatively affected. This article will identify sources of anxiety throughout the cancer experience. Premorbid personality factors, treatment-related sources, and anxiety-laden issues around the time of imminent death or cure will be discussed. The relationship of family anxiety to patient anxiety, along with the delineation of nursing interventions, will be outlined for use throughout the entire oncologic illness continuum.
Resource Efficiency to Partition Big Streamed Graphs

Real time streaming and processing of big graphs is a relevant and challenging application to be executed in a Cloud infrastructure. We have analysed the amount of resources needed to partition large streamed graphs with different distributed architectures. We have improved state of the art limitations proposing a decentralised and scalable model which is more efficient in memory usage, network traffic and number of processing machines. The improvement has been achieved summarising incoming vertices of the graph and accessing to local information of the already partitioned graph. Classical approaches need all information about the previous vertices. In our system, local information is updated in a feedback scheme periodically. Our experimental results show that current architectures cannot process large scale streamed graphs due to memory limitations. We have proved that our architecture reduces the number of needed machines by seven because it accesses to local memory instead of a distributed one. The total memory size has been also reduced. Finally, our model allows to adjust the quality of the partition solution to the desired amount of memory and network traffic.
In vivo and in vitro NMR spectroscopy reveal a putative novel inborn error involving polyol metabolism

In vivo NMR spectroscopy was performed on the brain of a patient with a leukoencephalopathy, revealing unknown resonances between 3.5 and 4.0 ppm. In addition, urine and CSF of the patient were measured using high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy. Also in these in vitro spectra, unknown resonances were observed in the 3.5–4.0 ppm region. Homonuclear 1H two‐dimensional J‐resolved spectroscopy (JRES) and 1H–1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY) were performed on the patient's urine for more accurate assignment of resonances. The NMR spectroscopic studies showed that the unknown resonances could be assigned to arabinitol and ribitol. This was confirmed using gas chromatography. The arabinitol was identified as D‐arabinitol. The patient is likely to suffer from an as yet unknown inborn error of metabolism affecting D‐arabinitol and ribitol metabolism. The primary molecular defect has not been found yet. Urine spectra of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus or galactosemia were recorded for comparison. Resonances outside the 3.2–4.0 ppm region, which are the most easy to recognize in body fluid spectra, allow easy recognition of various sugars and polyols. The paper shows that NMR spectroscopy in body fluids may help identifying unknown resonances observed in in vivo NMR spectra. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying Security Evaluation of PatternClassifiers Under attack

Pattern classification is a branch of machine learning that focuses on recognition of patterns and regularities in data. In adversarial applications like biometric authentication, spam filtering, network intrusion detection the pattern classification systems are used. As this adversarial scenario is not taken into account by classical design methods, pattern classification systems may exhibit vulnerabilities, whose exploitation may severely affect their performance, and consequently limit their practical utility. Extending pattern classification theory and design methods to adversarial settings is thus a novel and very relevant research direction, which has not yet been pursued in a systematic way. We propose a framework for evaluation of pattern security,model of adversary for defining any attack scenario. Reported results show that security evaluation can provide a more complete understanding of the classifier’s behavior in adversarial environments, and lead to better design choices
An efficient perceptual of CBIR system using MIL-SVM classification and SURF feature extraction

: Hasty increase in use of color image in recent years has motivated to the need of retrieval system for color image. Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system is used to retrieve similar images from large image repositories based on color, texture and shape. In CBIR, the invariance to geometrical transformation is one of the most desired properties. Speeded Up Robust Feature (SURF) and Multiple Instance Learning Support Vector Machine (MIL-SVM) are proposed for extracting invariant features and improving the accuracy of image retrieval respectively. The proposed system consists of the following phases: image segmentation using quad tree segmentation, extraction of features using SURF, classification of images using MIL-SVM, codebook design using Lindae-Buzo-Gray (LBG) algorithm, and measurement of similarity between query image and the database image using Histogram Intersection (HI). In comparison with the existing approach, the proposed approach significantly improves the retrieval accuracy from 74.5% to 86.3%.
Rejection of peritubular capillaries in renal allo‐ and xeno‐grafts

The microvasculature plays an important role in the pathogenesis of humoral‐ and cell‐mediated renal allo‐ and xeno‐graft rejection. Peritubular capillary (PTC) endothelium expresses the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II antigens in the resting phase, as does the glomerular capillary endothelium, suggesting that these cells may be major immune targets. However, the role of PTCs in renal allo‐ and xeno‐graft rejection is unclear. In this review, we discuss injury and subsequent remodeling of PTCs in both humoral‐ and cell‐mediated rejection in allo‐ and xeno‐grafts. Recent evidence suggests that PTC injury and endothelial cell death occur during both cell‐ and humoral‐mediated rejection. Severe PTC rejection contributes to deterioration of graft function and acute graft loss. The mild but recurrent form of PTC rejection is associated with progressive interstitial fibrosis and chronic rejection. Following endothelial injury, the remaining PTC endothelium activates with up‐regulation of allo‐antigens and adhesion molecules, and down‐regulation of anti‐coagulant proteins. Subsequent to this, more severe rejection and graft dysfunction occur. Therefore, a careful analysis of cellular‐ and antibody‐mediated rejection in PTCs is important in the diagnosis of rejection, prediction of graft prognosis, and in further development of new anti‐rejection therapies.
Investigation of high performance transmission line phase shifters based on liquid crystal

In this paper a novel transmission line topology partially filled with liquid crystal is investigated in terms of its usability as a high performance continuously tunable phase shifter. At first the special properties of liquid crystals are described briefly. Then theoretical results based on a developed simulation tool are discussed in order to explain the advantages of this waveguide structure compared to other techniques. Experimental results confirm the expected performance by showing an excellent Figure-of-Merit in the Ka-band region.
Chromosome duplications and deletions and their mechanisms of origin

Duplications and deletions of the same gene loci or chromosome regions are known to produce different clinical manifestations and are significant factors in human morbidity and mortality. Extensive cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic studies with cosmid and YAC probes in two patients with unique mosaicism for reciprocal duplication-deletion allowed us to further understand the origin of these abnormalities. The first patient’s mosaic karyotype was 46,XX,inv dup(11) (q23q13)/46,XX,del(11)(q13q23). The second patient had a 46,XY,dup(7)(p11.2p13)/46,XY,del(7)(p11.2p13)/46,XY karyotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies on the first patient placed the two breakpoints near the folate-sensitive fragile sites FRA11A and FRA11B. The presence of repeated sequences responsible for these fragile sites may have been involved in the patient’s duplication-deletion. Our investigation leads us to conclude that, in addition to known mechanisms (such as unequal crossovers between homologs, unequal sister chromatid exchanges, excision of intrachromatid loops, and meiotic recombination within a single chromatid), duplication-deletion can also arise by the formation of an overlying loop followed by an uneven crossover at the level of the DNA strand.
Identification of Human VPS37C, a Component of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport-I Important for Viral Budding*

Endosomal sorting complex required for transport-I (ESCRT-I) is one of three defined protein complexes in the class E vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) pathway required for the sorting of ubiquitinated transmembrane proteins into internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies. In yeast, ESCRT-I is composed of three proteins, VSP23, VPS28, and VPS37, whereas in mammals only Tsg101(VPS23) and VPS28 were originally identified as ESCRT-I components. Using yeast two-hybrid screens, we identified one of a family of human proteins (VPS37C) as a Tsg101-binding protein. VPS37C can form a ternary complex with Tsg101 and VPS28 by binding to a domain situated toward the carboxyl terminus of Tsg101 and binds to another class E VPS factor, namely Hrs. In addition, VPS37C is recruited to aberrant endosomes induced by overexpression of Tsg101, Hrs, or dominant negative form of the class E VPS ATPase, VPS4. Enveloped viruses that encode PTAP motifs to facilitate budding exploit ESCRT-I as an interface with the class E VPS pathway, and accordingly, VPS37C is recruited to the plasma membrane along with Tsg101 by human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) Gag. Moreover, direct fusion of VPS37C to HIV-1 Gag obviates the requirement for a PTAP motif to induce virion release. Depletion of VPS37C from cells does not inhibit murine leukemia virus budding, which is not mediated by ESCRT-I, however, if murine leukemia virus budding is engineered to be ESCRT-I-dependent, then it is inhibited by VPS37C depletion, and this inhibition is accentuated if VPS37B is simultaneously depleted. Thus, this study identifies VPS37C as a functional component of mammalian ESCRT-I.
A massively parallel hardware architecture for ray-tracing

Real time performance of non-interactive rendering of three-dimensional scenes is usually unachievable. Ray tracing is one of the methods used for rendering such scenes. The performance achieved by a sequential software-based implementation of ray tracing is far from satisfactory. In contrast, many parallel implementations of ray tracing have been enabling real time performance, as the underlying algorithm can be massively parallelised. Thus, it is expected that a custom parallel design in hardware is likely to achieve the acceptable performance standards. In this paper, we propose a hardware architecture, which we call GridRT, capable of dealing with the main desirable features of ray tracing, such as shadows and reflections effects, imposing low requirements in terms of silicon area while achieving acceptable performance in terms of rendering time. This architecture achieves is efficient yet compact as it explores the massive parallelism offered by the intrinsic structure of the algorithm. The design exploits the usage the spatial data structure of regular grids.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HEMP FIBERS AND HEMP / PP COMPOSITES : EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT

The effects of chemical surface treatment on the hemp fibers and mechanical properties of hemp fiber composites were investigated. After chemical treatment of the fibers, the density and weight loss were measured. The surface morphologies of fibers were observed using SEM, and FT-IR was utilized to characterize the chemically modified fibers. Among the tested samples, the 4 wt. % NaOH-treated fiber composites demonstrated the best mechanical properties. The fracture surfaces of the composites were also observed by SEM.
Increased Fos Expression in Preoptic Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide (CGRP) Neurones following Mating but not the Luteinizing Hormone Surge in Female Rats

The functional relationship between sexually dimorphic neural populations and sex differences in reproductive functioning is unclear. The present study has investigated the function of the sexually dimorphic, estrogen‐receptive, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) neurones in the female preoptic area by examining patterns of Fos immunoreactivity within these cells in relation to the luteinizing hormone surge and lordosis behaviour. In the first experiment, ovariectomized rats were treated with estradiol alone or estradiol plus progesterone to induce the luteinizing hormone surge. The percentage of CGRP neurones with Fos‐positive nuclei was not different in estradiol alone (18 ± 4%) and estradiol/progesterone‐treated (24 ± 3%) rats although the number of Fos‐immunoreactive cells in the medial preoptic nucleus was increased 2‐fold (P<0.01) in estrogen/progesterone‐treated rats and 40 ± 5% of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone neurones were found to express Fos in this group. In the second experiment, ovariectomized rats were treated with estradiol and progesterone and either, mated with a single male or placed in an empty cage, for 30 min. The number of Fos‐immunoreactive cells in the medial preoptic nucleus was increased 4‐fold in mated rats (P<0.01) and the percentage of CGRP neurones with Fos‐positive nuclei increased from 24 ± 3% to 38 ± 2% (P<0.01) in mated animals. No differences were detected in the number of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone neurones with Fos‐positive nuclei in mated and non‐mated animals.