Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward Effective Intrusion Detection Using Log-Cosh Conditional Variational Autoencoder

Intrusion detection is an important technique that can provide solid protection for the network equipment against the security attacks. However, the attacks are usually unbalanced in different types and the attacks of unknown classes may also occur with the growth of Internet construction. In this case, the traditional machine learning-based intrusion detection methods usually have inferior detection accuracy and high false-positive rates. To tackle this problem, in this article, we propose a novel deep learning-based intrusion detection method named log-cosh conditional variational autoencoder (LCVAE). It inherits the capability of the conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) that can capture the complex distribution of observed data and generate new data with prespecified classes. Different from the traditional CVAE, to better model the discrete property in the intrusion data, we design an effective loss term using the log hyperbolic cosine (log-cosh) function in the proposed LCVAE method. It can well balance the generation and reconstruction procedures and is more effective to generate diverse intrusion data for the imbalanced classes. To improve the detection accuracy, we utilize the classification based on convolutional neural network to perform feature extraction and classification based on the observed and generated intrusion data. We conduct extensive experiments on the challenging data set NSL-KDD with large-scale intrusion data. The results show that the superior detection performance of the proposed LCVAE method comparing with several state-of-the-art intrusion detection methods, and also demonstrate the potentiality of generating new intrusion data with promising diversity.
Zinc Oxide Nanorod Electrolyte–Insulator– Semiconductor Sensor for Enhanced 2-Methoxyethanol Selectivity

In this work, we demonstrate 2-methoxyethanol-sensitive ZnO nanorods based on electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) structure. The hydrothermal method is employed to synthesize the ZnO nanorods on Si substrate. The structural, morphological, compositional, and optical features of ZnO nanorods are analyzed, confirming the formation of hexagonal structure in ZnO nanorods. We investigate the sensing performance of EIS-based ZnO nanorods for the detection of various organic solvents (2-methoxyethanol, ethanol, and methanol) at various concentrations. As a chemical sensor, these EIS-based ZnO nanorods are capable of generating a different exposure response to 2-methoxyethanol than to methanol than to ethanol. The highest sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility are with respect to 2-methoxyethanol, making the ZnO nanorods prepared here a promising sensing membrane for 2-methoxyethanol.
Induction of Fe(III)-Chelate Reductase Activity by Ethylene and Salicylic Acid in Iron-Deficient Peach Rootstock Explants

Abstract The possible involvement of ethylene in the regulation of the root plasma-membrane Fe(III)-chelate reductase was investigated, using explants from three peach rootstock [GF-677 (Prunus amygdalus × P. persica), Cadaman (P. persica × P. davidiana) and Myrobolan 29C (Prunus cerasifera)] grown in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium deprived of iron (Fe). Two ethylene inhibitors, AgNO3 and salicylic acid (1, 10, and 20 μM), and two ethylene promotors, methionine and ethephon (1, 10, and 100 μM) were added in the culture medium. The AgNO3 (20 μM) inhibited ethylene production, whereas salicylic acid (20 μM), methionine, and ethephon enhanced it. Explants cultured in the MS medium containing Fe (+Fe) produced less ethylene than those grown without Fe (−Fe). With the exception of the 100 μM ethephon-treated explants the increase in ethylene production was accompanied by an increase in root Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity. Conversely, exposure to AgNO3 and salicylic acid (1 and 10 μM) had no effect on Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity of explants. Furthermore, Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity was higher in the (−Fe)-treated roots than in (+Fe)-treated ones. In most cases, the induction of Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity was accompanied by an increase in Fe, zinc (Zn), and phosphorus (P) concentration of explants. Chlorophyll concentration of explants exposed to ethylene decreased markedly. These results suggest that ethylene (and possibly salicylic acid) is involved in the regulation of Fe reduction in explants of peach trees.
Social Commerce Constructs and Consumers' Purchase Intention from Minimalist Brands

The social media and social online communities have engaged both consumers and corporations. Social media has established new platforms for e-commerce. Moreover, individuals' interaction on the cyber space has modified e-commerce, elevating that to an appropriate platform for social commerce. On the other hand, business incorporations have found the use of minimalism application in designing, which removes unnecessary aspects, attracts more audience. Therefore, drawing on literature the author propounds a new adopted model to portray a more transparent vision of social commerce. In so doing, SEM methodology is employed to gauge the proposed model. Findings reveal that social networking sites persuade people to have interactions and to produce content in online social platforms. Consumers gain advantages of social commerce constructs for such interactions, which augment the level of trust, brand loyalty, and their purchase intention in terms of minimalist brands.
Knowledge Management in Health Care Education

Knowledge management is a vital source of sustainable competitive advantage in all social areas, including health care. In this paper, we present insight into previous knowledge of students of health care related to the management domain and their expectations regarding what they aim to gain at the course. We collected 57 valid data entries, 42 females and 15 males, and analyzed it by using the content analysis. The average age of our respondents was 21 years. Results are presented, and key identified themes offer several educational implications. Students wish to learn organizational techniques, team management tools, and leadership development tools, mainly.
Generation of full-dimensional potential energy surface of intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer in malonaldehyde and tunneling dynamics

The potential energy surface (PES) for the malonaldehyde intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer has been generated with full dimensionality by the modified Shepard interpolation method at the computational level of the second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory. The reference points have been set along the reaction path of H atom transfer (51 points), in a three-dimensional reaction space determined by geometrical features of the reaction path (219 points), and in the region of cis- and trans-enol isomerization reaction paths (428 points), so the resultant PES was generated in terms of ab initio data (energies, gradients, and Hessian matrices) of 698 reference points. Following trajectory simulations on the full-dimensional PES, the energy splitting of vibrational ground states due to tunneling was estimated by the semiclassical method of Makri and Miller [J. Chem. Phys. 91, 4026 (1989)]. The tunneling splitting was evaluated as 13.9 cm−1, which is in good agreement with the experimental value of 21.6.
Evaluating the bond strength of FRP in concrete samples using machine learning methods

In recent years, the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) as one of the most common ways to increase the strength of concrete samples, has been introduced. Evaluation of the final strength of these specimens is performed with different experimental methods. In this research, due to the variety of models, the low accuracy and impact of different parameters, the use of new intelligence methods is considered. Therefore, using artificial intelligent-based models, a new solution for evaluating the bond strength of FRP is presented in this paper. 150 experimental samples were collected from previous studies, and then two new hybrid models of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA)-Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC)-ANN were developed. These models were evaluated using different performance indices and then, a comparison was made between the developed models. The results showed that the ICA-ANN model's ability to predict the bond strength of FRP is higher than the ABC-ANN model. Finally, to demonstrate the capabilities of this new model, a comparison was made between the five experimental models and the results were presented for all data. This comparison showed that the new model could offer better performance. It is concluded that the proposed hybrid models can be utilized in the field of this study as a suitable substitute for empirical models.
MULTIPLE SCATTERING OF WAVES BY COMPLEX OBJECTS USING HYBRID METHOD OF T-MATRIX AND FOLDY-LAX EQUATIONS USING VECTOR SPHERICAL WAVES AND VECTOR SPHEROIDAL WAVES

In this paper, we develop numerical methods for using vector spherical and spheroidal waves in the hybrid method to calculate the multiple scattering of objects of complex shapes, based on the rigorous solutions of Maxwell equations in the form of Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations (FL). The steps in the hybrid method are: (1) calculating the T -matrix of each single object using vector spherical/spheroidal waves and (2) vector spherical/spheroidal waves addition theorem. We utilize the commercial software HFSS to calculate the scattered fields of a complex object on the circumscribing sphere or spheroid for multiple incidences and polarizations. The T -matrix of spherical waves or spheroidal waves are then obtained from these scattered fields. To perform wave transformations (i.e., addition theorem) for vector spherical/spheroidal waves, we develop robust numerical methods. Numerical results are illustrated for T-matrices and numerical vector addition theorems.
Water-resistant film from polyurethane/nitrocellulose coating to regenerated cellulose

Water-resistant films were obtained from polyurethane (PU)/nitrocellulose coating to regenerated cellulose films, which were prepared by coagulating cellulose cuoxam solution. The PU/nitrocellulose coating layer was cured at 80 °C for 2 min and formed semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) structure. The tensile strength (σb), water resistivity (R), water vapor permeability (P), and light transmittance of the coated films changed with nitrocellulose content in the coating, and the best values (such as σb, 679 kg·cm-2; R, 53%; P, 0.004 g·cm-2·day-1) were attained at 33 wt % nitrocellulose. The TEM, EPMA, DTA, IR, and UV results showed that the coated films have strong interfacial bonding, which is caused by covalent and hydrogen bonds between the cellulose film and the semi-IPNs coating. The biodegradation half-life t1/2 of the coated films in soil at 20−30 °C was given to be 58 days, and after about 6 months the coated films were almost completely decomposed by microorganisms. SEM and the kine.
High Step-Up Quasi-Resonant Converter Featuring Minimized Switching Loss Over Wide Input Voltage Range

This article proposes a high step-up quasi-resonant converter that minimizes switching loss over a wide range of input voltages. By employing a bidirectional switch and corresponding switching modulation, the proposed converter achieves the main switch with almost zero voltage, and therefore incurs very little switching loss at all active switches. Moreover, no instantaneous reactive current flows through the circuit under wide variations of input voltages and loads. The duty cycle of primary-side switches is fixed to 0.5; then, the input and clamp capacitor voltages become identical, and thereby the following resonant capacitor voltages remain in balance. As a consequence, the proposed converter becomes compact and achieves high boost-ratio and high efficiency over a wide range of input voltages. The operating principle of the converter is presented along with its design procedure. 400-W/380-V prototype of the proposed converter has been implemented and tested at 40–60 V to verify its effectiveness.
Investigation of Bread-Loaf Magnet on Vibration Performance in FSCW PMSM Considering Force Modulation Effect

This article aims to disclose the negative effect of bread-loaf magnet on vibration performance in fractional-slot concentrated-winding (FSCW) permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). First, the initial phase relationship in PM flux density harmonics is clarified. Then, the effect of bread-loaf magnet on electromagnetic force, including radial and tangential components, is investigated, in which the force modulation effect is considered. Bread-loaf magnet greatly weakens PM flux density harmonics. However, the dominated electromagnetic force generated by these weakened PM flux density harmonics has an opposite phase angle to that of the synthetic one. As a result, the bread-loaf magnet has a negative effect on reducing the dominated electromagnetic force component. Afterward, two 12-slot/10-pole FSCW PMSMs with conventional and bread-loaf magnet are used to evaluate electromagnetic force and vibration response. It is found that the bread-loaf magnet significantly increases the electromagnetic force and vibration response in the FSCW PMSM. Finally, two 12-slot/10-pole FSCW PMSMs with conventional and bread-loaf magnet are manufactured and tested to validate the theoretical analyses.
An asymptotic analysis of chain-branching ignition in the laminar wake of a splitter plate separating streams of hydrogen and oxygen

The chain-branching process leading to ignition in the high-temperature laminar wake that forms at the trailing edge of a thin splitter plate separating a stream of hydrogen from a stream of oxygen is investigated with a reduced chemistry description that employs H as the only chain-branching radical not in steady state. The analysis presented covers ignition events occurring in the Rott–Hakkinen and Goldstein regions, where self-similar solutions for the different flow variables are available. It is found that the initiation reactions, which create the first radicals, are only important in a relatively small initial region, becoming negligible downstream as the radical mole fractions increase to values larger than the ratio of the characteristic branching time to the characteristic initiation time, a very small quantity at temperatures of practical interest. As a result, most of the ignition history is controlled by the autocatalytic branching reactions, giving rise to a radical pool that increases expon.
Isothiocyanates in Heterocyclic Synthesis

Abstract A brief introduction of the chemical structure and physico-chemical properties of various synthetic and naturally occurring isothiocyanates is presented. The different methods used to prepare alkyl, aryl, l-alkenyl, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, l-aminoalkyl, aminophosphoryl and silyl isothiocyanates are systematically described. The use of the above isothiocyanates in the synthesis of thiazetidines, thiophenes, imidazoles, thiazoles, oxazoles, isothiazoles, oxathiolanes, dithiolanes, dioxolanes, triazoles, thiadiazoles, oxadiazoles, tetrazoles, thiatriazoles, pyridines, thiopyrans, oxazines, thiazines, pyrimidines, triazines, thiadiazines, oxadiazines, triazepines, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, quinazolones and various bicyclic and polyheterocyclic compounds with ring nitrogen and/or sulfur are reviewed.
Safe Reinforcement Learning Using Probabilistic Shields (Invited Paper)

13 This paper concerns the eﬃcient construction of a safety shield for reinforcement learning. We 14 speciﬁcally target scenarios that incorporate uncertainty and use Markov decision processes (MDPs) 15 as the underlying model to capture such problems. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a machine 16 learning technique that can determine near-optimal policies in MDPs that may be unknown before 17 exploring the model. However, during exploration, RL is prone to induce behavior that is undesirable 18 or not allowed in safety- or mission-critical contexts. We introduce the concept of a probabilistic 19 shield that enables RL decision-making to adhere to safety constraints with high probability. We 20 employ formal veriﬁcation to eﬃciently compute the probabilities of critical decisions within a 21 safety-relevant fragment of the MDP. These results help to realize a shield that, when applied to 22 an RL algorithm, restricts the agent from taking unsafe actions, while optimizing the performance 23 objective. We discuss tradeoﬀs between suﬃcient progress in the exploration of the environment 24 and ensuring safety. In our experiments, we demonstrate on the arcade game PAC-MAN and on a 25 case study involving service robots that the learning eﬃciency increases as the learning needs orders 26 of magnitude fewer episodes. 27
The Electrochemical Behavior of Nitrazepam at a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode and Its Determination in Beverages by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

The cyclic voltammetric behavior of nitrazepam was investigated at screen-printed carbon electrodes over the range1.5 V to {thorn}1.5 V. Two reduction peaks were observable on the negative scan, at 0.7 V, and 1.2 V using pH 6 buffer. On the return scan a single oxidation peak was obtained at 0.05 V. For quantitative analysis of beverages, we developed an anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric method which required only dilution with buffer. The identification of nitrazepam and flunitrazepam could be achieved using cyclic voltammetry. © 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH& Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
A CMOS-Based Capacitive Biosensor for Detection of a Breast Cancer MicroRNA Biomarker

Breast cancer ranks among the most common cancers worldwide and can be lethal when not diagnosed early due to the high probability of metastasis. Herein a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based capacitive nano-biosensor was developed to quickly and accurately quantify the concentration of an early-stage breast cancer diagnostic marker, microRNA-195, in blood. The microRNA probe was immobilized on optimized inter-digitated electrodes (IDE), and CMOS-sensing circuits detected the probe-analyte reaction at microRNA-195 concentrations as low as 0.617 fM. This high sensitivity could be due to the monolithically integrated nature of the circuits, for which “parasitic” effects on the capacitive sensors were markedly low. The CMOS-based capacitive nano-sensor may be promising for early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Virtual Simulation for Entertainment using Genetic Information

The genetic information has been researched to predict the disease and to discover the clue of biological causes, especially in the medical field. However, based on the reliability of genetic information, it also gives a powerful realistic experience with VR devices. In this paper, we developed a dating simulation game that users can meet celebrities. The human personality of the celebrity, the favorability feedback depends on each choice of the conversation and a proper choice creation is based on the genetic information of the user and a celebrity. Besides, a method for utilizing genetic DNA information for virtual simulations is proposed. In this study, we have established that DNA information is related to human relationships both in the real and virtual worlds. Also, we concluded that the DNA information contributes to the development of interpersonal and mental health. However, a person's personality or preference for a specific situation or object, etc. are not determined only through genes. Therefore, more quantitative and multifaceted studies will need to be conducted on the effect of genes on personal preferences. We only experimented with virtual characters in virtual reality. It would be meaningful to proceed with the human experiment not only with a virtual character in the virtual environment, but also another human in the virtual environment. Eventually, the result of the experiment between virtual characters and humans should be compared.
Wideband Dual Circularly Polarized Antipodal Septum Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications

A millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) wideband dual circularly polarized (CP) antipodal septum antenna is proposed. By introducing two antipodal septum blames in widened rectangular waveguide and the corresponding feeding network, the operating bandwidth of the septum antenna is enhanced. The working principle of the generation process of dual CP is explained by a three-port model with three excitation conditions. In addition, the asymmetrical radiation pattern of the classical polarizer consisting of square waveguide and single septum caused by the high-order modes is explained and eliminated. To verify the design, the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. An operating bandwidth of 37.4% for reflection coefficients less than −13.8 dB, isolation better than 22 dB, and axial ratio (AR) value less than 3 dB is achieved.
Packing Density and Consolidation Energy of Colloidal Particles through Pressure Filtration

The applied pressure and suspension height during consolidation of a 15 vol% Al2O3 suspension (0.15 μm α-Al2O3 particles, isoelectric point pH 7.8) at pH 3 - 10 in a closed cylinder were continuously recorded using a pressure filtration apparatus. The apparent viscosity decreased with decreasing suspension pH. The final packing density of the dispersed acidic suspensions at pH 3.2 and 5.6 reached 62 – 63% at 19 MPa of applied pressure. The viscous basic suspensions at pH 7.8 and 9.6 were consolidated to 52 – 54 % density. Because of the release of the stored elastic strain energy, the height of the consolidated Al2O3 compact increased after releasing the pressure. The energy required to consolidate 1 cm3 of Al2O3 particles was in the range from 3.0 to 15.9 J, and became larger for the dispersed acidic suspensions. The energy applied between two colloidal particles during consolidation (W) was compared to the interaction energy (Ei) between two particles in a suspension.
COVID-19 and the Future of Quantitative Easing in the Euro Area: Three Scenarios with a Trilemma

We present the set of measures that the ECB has undertaken to fight the pandemic crisis by outlining the deep impact that COVID-19 is having on economic structures, and by highlighting the differences between the current policy package and previous ECBâs programmes. Moreover, we discuss what are the challenges that await the ECB in the medium to long run, contingent on different post-COVID scenarios concerning economic growth and inflation, considering its peculiar multinational jurisdiction.
Secure Data Deduplication Protocol for Edge-Assisted Mobile CrowdSensing Services

Data deduplication for edge-based mobile crowdsensing services removes duplicate data to minimize storage space and enhance communication efficiency. However, secure data deduplication in edge-based mobile crowdsensing applications can be challenging to achieve in concurrent with protecting sensing data and participants (e.g., client and recruited mobile users) from various threats (i.e., inside attacks and outside attacks). In this paper, we propose an efficient and secure data deduplication protocol for edge-assisted mobile crowdsensing services. Specifically, certificateless public key cryptography is first employed to generate the private and public keys of the crowdsensing server center and edge nodes. Then, a novel method is created to detect and eliminate duplicates while preventing the duplicate-linking from being leaked. Next, we demonstrate that the presented scheme achieves both privacy and security attributes typically required of mobile crowdsening applications. Finally, the performance analysis shows that the proposed protocol incurs minimal computation and communication costs compared with the state of the art research.