Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Removing well-fixed total knee arthroplasty implants.

UNLABELLED Revision total knee arthroplasty requires the removal of one or all of the prior knee components. Thoughtful and careful removal of well-fixed total knee components can preserve host bone stock and facilitate subsequent reconstructive efforts. The tools and techniques for knee component removal include simple osteotomes, saws, extraction devices, ultrasonic devices, and frequently a combination of some or all of the above. It is the unique nature of each revision arthroplasty, which presents the surgeon with such challenge. Each of the techniques discussed in this review reflects the anecdotal experience acquired in over 800 revision total knee arthroplasties performed at our center. We review our empiric bias regarding the individual applicability of these techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic studies, Level V (expert opinion). See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of Levels of Evidence.
Visualizing T Cell Migration in vivo

Ever since the realization that T lymphocytes are key players in the defense against pathogens and tumors, a major aim of immunologists has been to understand the relationship between the functional and migratory properties of antigen-specific T cells. The current paradigm proposes that T cells follow organ-specific trafficking pathways to exit from blood into the extravascular compartment. T cell homing is regulated at the level of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors, whose expression is linked tightly to the differentiation state of the cell. Naïve T lymphocytes follow relatively uniform recirculation routes through secondary lymphoid organs, the molecular cues of which are fairly well understood. As effector and memory T cells must be capable of reaching virtually any site in the body, their migratory behavior is considerably more heterogeneous. During the past few years, innovative approaches for tracking T cells in vivo have emerged. Here, we review recent technical developments in experimental methods for the visualization of T cells both at the population and single cell level in vivo, and discuss what these methods have taught us about T cell trafficking.
Investigation of endometrial abnormalities in asymptomatic women treated with tamoxifen and an evaluation of the role of endometrial screening.

PURPOSE Tamoxifen is the most commonly prescribed adjuvant therapy for women with breast cancer. It has agonist activity on the endometrium and is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether screening with transvaginal ultrasound (TV USS) with or without hysteroscopy is worthwhile. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 487 women with breast cancer, 357 treated with tamoxifen and 130 controls, were screened with TV USS, and endometrial thickness was measured. Women with thickened endometrium underwent outpatient hysteroscopy. RESULTS Length of time on tamoxifen ranged from 5 to 191 months (mean, 66 months), and endometrial thickness ranged from 1 to 38 mm (mean, 7.3 mm). Women treated with tamoxifen had significantly thicker endometrium than did controls (P <.0001). There was a statistically significant (P <.0001) positive correlation between length of time on tamoxifen and endometrial thickness. One hundred forty-five women had endometrium greater than 5 mm on USS, and 134 underwent successful outpatient hysteroscopy, 61 of whom had atrophic endometrium, resulting in a 46% false-positive scan rate. The remaining women all had benign features to explain the USS findings. CONCLUSION TV USS detects a high incidence (41%) of apparent endometrial thickening in women treated with tamoxifen, although 46% had atrophic endometrium on further assessment, and none of the remaining asymptomatic women had significant lesions. Length of time on tamoxifen relates to endometrial thickening as measured by TV USS. TV USS is a poor screening tool because of the high false-positive rate. The low frequency of significant findings suggests that endometrial screening in asymptomatic women is not worthwhile.
Is the patch size distribution of vegetation a suitable indicator of desertification processes? Comment.

With ongoing climate change, the search for indicators of imminent ecosystem shifts is attracting increasing attention (e.g., Scheffer et al. 2009). Recently, the spatial organization of ecosystems has been suggested as a good candidate for such an indicator in spatially structured ecosystems (Rietkerk et al. 2004, Ke´fi et al. 2007a, Guttal and Jayaprakash 2009).
Control of multiple quadrotors for rendezvous problem: Algorithm and flight test results

The distributed solving algorithms and experiments of the rendezvous problem for multiple quadrotors system are discussed in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical model of rendezvous problem is established and the distributed solution strategy based on coordinate variable is given. Secondly, the optimal control protocol based on consensus algorithm is derived. The cost function is defined, and the optimal control protocol is obtained by dynamic programming method. The algorithm process is given. Lastly, the flight experiments of three quadrotors are illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Rheological signatures of gelation and effect of shear melting on aging colloidal suspension

Colloidal suspensions that are out of thermodynamic equilibrium undergo physical aging wherein their structure evolves to lower the free energy. In aqueous suspension of Laponite, physical aging accompanies increases of elastic and viscous moduli as a function of time. In this work, we study temporal evolution of elastic and viscous moduli at different frequencies and observe that freshly prepared aqueous suspension of Laponite demonstrates identical rheological behavior reported for the crosslinking polymeric materials undergoing chemical gelation. Consequently at a certain time, tan δ is observed to be independent of frequency. However, for samples preserved under rest condition for longer duration before applying the shear melting, the liquid to solid transition subsequent to shear melting shows greater deviation from classical gelation. We also obtain continuous relaxation time spectra from the frequency dependence of viscous modulus. We observe that, with an increase in the rest time, continuous relaxation time spectrum shows gradual variation from negative slope, describing dominance of fast relaxation modes to positive slope representing dominance of slow relaxation modes. We propose that the deviation from gelation behavior for the shear melted suspensions originates from inability of shear melting to completely break the percolated structure thereby creating unbroken aggregates. The volume fraction of such unbroken aggregates increases with the rest time. For small rest times presence of fewer number of unbroken aggregates cause deviation from the classical gelation. On the other hand, at high rest times presence of greater fraction of unbroken aggregates subsequent to shear melting demonstrate dynamic arrest leading to inversion of relaxation time spectra.
Morphology of the Human Intertransverse Muscles.

IN the vertebrate series, from Amphibia upwards, small bandsgenerally muscular but sometimes fibrous-extend between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae. These bands vary in their arrangements and relationships not only in the different classes, but often in the separate regions of any individual form; yet they are generally described, from their position, as intertransverse muscles-a term which is therefore purely of descriptive importance, and has no morphological value. In the following paper an attempt is made to indicate the homologies which exist between these muscles, with special reference to their arrangement in the human subject. Dissections of the muscles and their relations to the spinal nerves have been made in members of the following groups:1. Amphibia-Anura. 2. Reptilia-Crocodilia. 3. Mammalia-Marsupialia, rodentia, insectivore, carnivore, cheiroptera, primates, and man.
A Study of Tweet Veracity to Separate Rumours from Counter-Rumours

Rumours are known to propagate easily through computer-mediated communication channels such as Twitter. Their outbreak is often followed by the spread of 'counter-rumours', which are messages that debunk rumours. The probability of a tweet to be a counter-rumour is referred to as 'tweet veracity' in this paper. Since both rumours and counter-rumours are expected to contain claims of truth, the two might not be easily distinguishable. If Internet users fail to separate rumours from counter-rumours, the latter will not serve its purpose. Hence, this paper investigates the extent to which tweet veracity could be predicted by content as well as contributors' profile. The investigation focuses on the death hoax case of Singapore's first Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew on Twitter. A total of 1,000 tweets (500 rumours + 500 counter-rumours) are analyzed using binomial logistic regression. Results indicate that tweet veracity could be predicted by clarity, proper nouns, visual cues, references to credible sources, as well as contributors' duration of membership, and number of followers. The significance of these findings are highlighted.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of tooth relationships during carnivoran chewing

Contact between teeth during chewing has often been studied using the indirect evidence of cinematography during chewing and the wear facets on teeth. However, neither by itself gives the entire picture of the occlusal relationships between teeth. Here, we endeavoured to relate the two different lines of evidence using three-dimensional reconstructions of tooth-tooth contact in eight carnivoran species based on the shape of teeth and jaw joints. We found that jaw movement generates contacts between teeth that are consistent with attrition wear facets. This supports the long-held but not fully verified view that attrition facets are generated by tooth-tooth contact during chewing. The second major issue investigated was the shape of attrition facets on teeth. It has generally been assumed that such facets are planar. Here we establish that many attrition facets in carnivoran teeth are not planar. Non-planar attrition facets can, in fact, improve functional characteristics of the teeth such as relief behind occluding blades. We also show how the three-dimensional shape of facets affects the occlusal path of the teeth, which was found to be non-linear in carnivorans. Four morphological groups of carnivorans were examined. It was found that the degree of lateral movement in the chewing cycle was positively related to the number and complexity of the teeth in the tooth row. Alistair R. Evans. Evolution & Development Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, PO Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Current address: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia arevans@fastmail.fm Mikael Fortelius. Department of Geology and Institute of Biotechnology, PO Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland mikael.fortelius@helsinki.fi
Finding NEMO: On the Accuracy of Inferring Location in IEEE 802.15.4 Networks

As embedded networked sensing devices become increasingly commonplace, more and more applications are being discovered, researched, and realised using them. These application domains in turn place new requirements on the capabilities of the embedded devices and associated communications technologies. By introducing a novel domain for wireless sensor devices, this paper motivates the need for accurate proximity information between embedded networked devices and goes on to document a set of detailed experimental results and analysis, obtained from an IEEE 802.15. 4 test bed. These results are compared to other similar studies in the field. Factors found to affect performance are highlighted, and techniques to improve performance are discussed, compared, and contrasted. Finally, conclusions are drawn as to the accuracy which can be obtained from IEEE 802.15. 4 devices, and the associated costs and implications.
DNA methyltransferase 1, cytosine methylation, and cytosine hydroxymethylation in mammalian mitochondria

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been reported to contain 5-methylcytosine (5mC) at CpG dinucleotides, as in the nuclear genome, but neither the mechanism generating mtDNA methylation nor its functional significance is known. We now report the presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as well as 5mC in mammalian mtDNA, suggesting that previous studies underestimated the level of cytosine modification in this genome. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) translocates to the mitochondria, driven by a mitochondrial targeting sequence located immediately upstream of the commonly accepted translational start site. This targeting sequence is conserved across mammals, and the encoded peptide directs a heterologous protein to the mitochondria. DNMT1 is the only member of the three known catalytically active DNA methyltransferases targeted to the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial DNMT1 (mtDNMT1) binds to mtDNA, proving the presence of mtDNMT1 in the mitochondrial matrix. mtDNMT1 expression is up-regulated by NRF1 and PGC1α, transcription factors that activate expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes in response to hypoxia, and by loss of p53, a tumor suppressor known to regulate mitochondrial metabolism. Altered mtDNMT1 expression asymmetrically affects expression of transcripts from the heavy and light strands of mtDNA. Hence, mtDNMT1 appears to be responsible for mtDNA cytosine methylation, from which 5hmC is presumed to be derived, and its expression is controlled by factors that regulate mitochondrial function.
Proteomic analysis of plasma membrane lipid rafts of HL‐60 cells

Neutrophils acquire phagocytic activity as they differentiate. Recently, plasma membrane lipid rafts have been shown to play important roles in the process of phagocytosis in neutrophils. To characterize the proteins involved in phagocytosis and to elucidate the process by which they acquire phagocytic activity, we investigated by nano‐LC‐MS/MS analysis the changes in protein composition of plasma membrane lipid rafts during DMSO‐induced differentiation of the human leukemia cell line HL‐60 cells into neutrophilic lineage. Based on the spectrum counts of 147 proteins identified, 25 proteins were upregulated and 49 were downregulated by DMSO treatment. CD11b/CD18 subunits of β2‐integrin Mac‐1, CD35, and GPI‐80, which are known to be upregulated during differentiation, were dominantly detected in the lipid rafts of DMSO‐treated cells. Many known membrane proteins, G proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins were also detected and they showed characteristic distributions. Absolute quantification of nine proteins in the lipid rafts using internal standard peptides labeled with stable isotopes showed that the amount of protein almost corresponded to the results obtained by spectrum count. Identified proteins, expression of which was altered by DMSO treatment, are expected to be candidate proteins involved in differentiation and functions of neutrophils.
Dendritic cells in the skin – potential use for melanoma treatment

Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Eradication of tumor cells requires an effective interaction between melanoma cells and different players of the immune system. As the most potent professional antigen‐presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in mounting a specific immune response where their intratumoral and peritumoral density as well as their functional status are correlated with clinical staging of the disease and with patients’ survival. Under steady‐state conditions, internalization of apoptotic cells by immature DCs designates a state of tolerance to self‐antigens. Nevertheless, pathogens and necrotic cells interacting with pattern recognition receptors trigger downstream signaling pathways that evoke maturation of DCs, leading to the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These mature DCs are essential for T‐cell priming and subsequent development of a specific immune response. Altered functions of DCs have an impact on the development of various disorders including autoimmune diseases and cancers. Herein, we focus on the checkpoints created throughout DCs antigen capturing and presentation to T cells, with subsequent development of either tolerance or immune response, with an emphasis on the role played by DCs in melanoma tumorigenesis and their therapeutic potential.
Identifying Fashion Accounts in Social Networks

The fashion industry is characterized by the ebb and flow of trends. With the rise of social media, fashion blogs, and fast-fashion movement, bottom-up fashion trends are emerging at an ever-increasing rate. Identifying new influencers and trends as they happen is challenging for retailers. As a first step, this paper presents a classifier for identifying fashion-related accounts on social media. To develop this classifier, we collected a dataset of 10k Twitter accounts using a content-based snowball sampling approach, and crowdsourced ground-truth labels for these accounts. We train a classifier that identifies whether a Twitter account is fashion-related and evaluate the efficacy of our method. We hope to leverage this classifier to identify key fashion influencers and conduct large-scale monitoring of fashion trends.
Prospective Comparative Study of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using the Double-Bundle and Single-Bundle Techniques

Background The intent of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is to reproduce the normal anterior cruciate ligament anatomy and improve knee joint rotational stability. However, no consensus has been reached on the advantages of this technique over the single-bundle technique. Hypothesis We hypothesized that double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction could provide better intraoperative stability and clinical outcome than single-bundle reconstruction. Type of study: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Forty patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury in one knee were recruited; 20 were allocated to a double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group and 20 to a single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group. Intraoperative stabilities at 30° of knee flexion were compared between the 2 groups using a navigation system. Clinical outcomes including Lysholm knee scores, Tegner activity scores, Lachman and pivot-shift test results, and radiographic stabilities were also compared between the 2 groups after a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Results Intraoperative anterior and rotational stabilities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the double-bundle group were significantly better than those in single-bundle group (P = .020 and P < .001, respectively). Nineteen patients (95%) in each group were available at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Clinical outcomes including Lysholm knee and Tegner activity scores were similar in the 2 groups at 2-year follow-up (P > .05). Furthermore, stability results of the Lachman and pivot-shift tests, and radiologic findings at 2-year follow-up failed to reveal any significant intergroup differences (P > .05). Conclusion Although double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction produces better intraoperative stabilities than single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the 2 modalities were found to be similar in terms of clinical outcomes and postoperative stabilities after a minimum of 2 years of follow-up.
Techniques for adapting industrial simulation software for power devices and networks to multi- and many-core architectures

In recent years processor characteristics have changed significantly towards parallel processing. This thesis devises techniques to cost-effectively increase the efficiency of industrial high voltage engineering applications on multi- and many-core architectures. This includes strategic changes to improve runtime complexity, exploiting characteristic hardware properties, dynamic code generation and assessing implications of implementing new theoretical methods.
Reflexiones en torno a la evaluación de la calidad educativa

Resulta notoria la importancia que en estos momentos han adquirido las evaluaciones de la calidad en el ambito de la educacion. Sin embargo, incluso en el plano conceptual existe un alto grado de desacuerdo acerca de lo que es la calidad educativa, como medirla y como mejorarla. Este articulo presenta unas breves reflexiones sobre la subjetividad del concepto de calidad educativa, asi como un repaso del origen y la evolucion de la preocupacion por la evaluacion de la calidad. Se intenta, ademas, poner de manifiesto algunos de los posibles riesgos que dichas evaluaciones conllevan, asi como las aportaciones que pueden suponer para la educacion. Tras estas reflexiones se concluye tanto la necesidad de seguir trabajando en la busqueda de definiciones amplias de la calidad como la cautela con la que deben tomarse los resultados de las evaluaciones realizadas en la actualidad.
Alanine aminotransferase levels and fatty liver in childhood obesity: associations with insulin resistance, adiponectin, and visceral fat.

BACKGROUND Concurrent with the rise in obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is recognized as the leading cause of serum aminotransferase elevations in obese youth. Nevertheless, the complete metabolic phenotype associated with abnormalities in biomarkers of liver injury and intrahepatic fat accumulation remains to be established. METHODS In a multiethnic cohort of 392 obese adolescents, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were related with parameters of insulin sensitivity, glucose, and lipid metabolism as well as adipocytokines and biomarkers of inflammation. A subset of 72 adolescents had determination of abdominal fat partitioning and intrahepatic fat accumulation using magnetic resonance imaging. FINDINGS Elevated ALT (> 35 U/liter) was found in 14% of adolescents, with a predominance of male gender and white/Hispanic race/ethnicity. After adjusting for potential confounders, rising ALT was associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance as well as rising free fatty acids and triglycerides. Worsening of glucose and lipid metabolism was already evident as ALT levels rose into the upper half of the normal range (18-35 U/liter). When hepatic fat fraction was assessed using fast magnetic resonance imaging, 32% of subjects had an increased hepatic fat fraction, which was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and adiponectin, and increased triglycerides, visceral fat, and deep to superficial sc fat ratio. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly greater in those with fatty liver. INTERPRETATION Deterioration in glucose and lipid metabolism is associated even with modest ALT elevations. Hepatic fat accumulation in childhood obesity is strongly associated with the triad of insulin resistance, increased visceral fat, and hypoadiponectinemia. Hence, hepatic steatosis may be a core feature of the metabolic syndrome.