Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cooperative orbital control for satellite swarms with nonsingular terminal sliding mode and finite-time extended state observer

In this paper, a nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control law based on finite-time convergent extended state observer is designed for building large-scale swarm orbital configurations. First, a finite-time extended state observer is proposed to estimate the unknown external disturbance including J2 perturbation, atmosphere drag, etc. Second, based on the disturbance estimation, an orbital coordinated control law is developed to maintain the given configuration to achieve space missions. Finally, a simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed orbital coordinated control approach.
On the Practicability of Cold Boot Attacks

Even though a target machine uses full disk encryption, cold boot attacks can retrieve unencrypted data from RAM. Cold boot attacks are based on the remanence effect of RAM which says that memory contents do not disappear immediately after power is cut, but that they fade gradually over time. This effect can be exploited by rebooting a running machine, or by transplanting its RAM chips into an analysis machine that reads out what is left in memory. In theory, this kind of attack is known since the 1990s. However, only in 2008, Halderman et al. have shown that cold boot attacks can be well deployed in practical scenarios. In the work in hand, we investigate the practicability of cold boot attacks. We verify the claims by Halderman et al. independently in a systematic fashion. For DDR1 and DDR2, we provide results from our experimental measurements that in large part agree with the original results. However, we also point out that we could not reproduce cold boot attacks against modern DDR3 chips. Our test set comprises 17 systems and system configurations, from which 5 are based on DDR3.
Prevalencia de tabaquismo durante el embarazo en mujeres chilenas de bajo nivel socioeconómico

El tabaquismo en mujeres jovenes en edad fertil ha aumentado en los ultimos anos en paises en desarrollo, pero su prevalencia en mujeres embarazadas de bajos recursos economicos es virtualmente desconocida. Este estudio describe la prevalencia del tabaquismo durante el embarazo en una muestra aleatoria de 400 madres de bajo nivel socioeconomico, atendidas en el Hospital El Pino, Santiago Sur, Chile. La prevalencia de tabaquismo durante el embarazo fue 28%. Un alto porcentaje (59%) de madres embarazadas que nunca habian fumado, estuvieron expuestas al humo del tabaco en sus hogares. No hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos en el peso, talla, puntaje de Apgar, o edad gestacional. Los recien nacidos (RN) de madres que eran fumadoras antes del embarazo presentaron menor peso de nacimiento que los RN de madres no fumadoras (p = 0,04) y mayor frecuencia de RN pequenos para edad gestacional (p = 0,02). La prevalencia de tabaquismo durante el embarazo en madres de bajo nivel socioeconomico es alta y similar a las encontradas en mujeres embarazadas de paises desarrollados. Una alta proporcion de las madres embarazadas tanto fumadoras como no fumadoras esta expuesta al humo de tabaco en sus hogares
Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus Causes Diffuse Alveolar Damage in Cynomolgus Macaques

The pathogenesis of lower respiratory tract disease from the pandemic 2009 H1N1 (H1N1v) influenza A virus is poorly understood. Therefore, either H1N1v virus or a seasonal human H1N1 influenza A virus was inoculated into cynomolgus macaques as a nonhuman primate model of influenza pneumonia, and virological, pathological, and microarray analyses were performed. Macaques in the H1N1v group had virus-associated diffuse alveolar damage involving both type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells and affecting an average of 16% of the lung area. In comparison, macaques in the seasonal H1N1 group had milder pulmonary lesions. H1N1v virus tended to be reisolated from more locations in the respiratory tract and at higher titers than seasonal H1N1 virus. In contrast, differential expression of messenger RNA transcripts between H1N1v and seasonal H1N1 groups did not show significant differences. The most upregulated genes in H1N1v lung samples with lesions belonged to the innate immune response and proinflammatory pathways and correlated with histopathological results. Our results demonstrate that the H1N1v virus infects alveolar epithelial cells and causes diffuse alveolar damage in a nonhuman primate model. Its higher pathogenicity compared with a seasonal H1N1 virus may be explained in part by higher replication in the lower respiratory tract.
Live Demonstration: a Trimodal Time-of-Flight Camera with Enhanced Material Imaging

Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras retrieve the 3D geometry of the world by leveraging the fact that time delays of photons interacting with the latter encode distance. To this end, ToF cameras probe the scene with modulated light and use an array of time-resolved pixels to demodulate the return. As noted in recent works, different materials exhibit different impulse response functions to modulated light and this can be exploited for recognizing them. In this demonstrator we showcase a trimodal ToF camera, able to deliver dense NIR intensity, depth, and material images in real time with unprecedented quality. The system implements novel strategies to boost robustness, while coping with misclassification in boundary regions.
A Common Variant in the FTO Gene Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Predisposes to Childhood and Adult Obesity

Obesity is a serious international health problem that increases the risk of several common diseases. The genetic factors predisposing to obesity are poorly understood. A genome-wide search for type 2 diabetes–susceptibility genes identified a common variant in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene that predisposes to diabetes through an effect on body mass index (BMI). An additive association of the variant with BMI was replicated in 13 cohorts with 38,759 participants. The 16% of adults who are homozygous for the risk allele weighed about 3 kilograms more and had 1.67-fold increased odds of obesity when compared with those not inheriting a risk allele. This association was observed from age 7 years upward and reflects a specific increase in fat mass.
An Efficient Intrinsic Authorship Verification Scheme Based on Ensemble Learning

Authorship Verification is an important sub discipline of digital text forensics. Its goal is to decide, if two texts are written by the same author or not. We present an efficient Authorship Verification scheme based on an ensemble of K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers, where each classifier generates a decision regarding a feature category. Our scheme provides many benefits such as, for instance, the independence of linguistic resources like thesauruses or language models. Furthermore, it can handle different Indo-European languages as for instance English, German, Spanish, Greek, Dutch, Swedish or French. Another benefit is the low runtime, due to the fact that deep linguistic processing (tagging, chunking, parsing, etc.) is not taken into account. Moreover, our scheme can easily be modified for example by replacing the involved distance function, the acceptance criterion or the used features including their parameters. The proposed scheme is evaluated against the publicly available PAN-2013 Author Identification (AI) test corpus, where it was ranked as the second-best in the top ten list, as well as against five other test corpora, compiled by our own. We show in our experiments that it is possible to achieve promising results, even when using a fixed setting of parameters and features across seven different languages.
Role Mining with Missing Values

Over the years several organizations are migrating to Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) as a practical solution to regulate access to sensitive information. Role mining has been proposed to automatically extract RBAC policies from the current set of permissions assigned to users. Existing role mining approaches usually require that this set of permissions is retrievable and complete. Such an assumption, however, cannot be met in practice as permissions can be hard-coded in the applications or distributed over several subsystems. In those cases, permissions can be obtained from activity logs recording the actions performed by users. This, however, can provide an incomplete representation of the permissions within the system. Thus, existing role mining solutions are not directly applicable. In this work, we study the problem of role mining with incomplete knowledge. In particular, we investigate approaches for two instances of the role mining problem with missing values. Moreover, we study metrics to properly evaluate the obtained RBAC policies. We validate the investigated approaches using both synthetic and real data.
When Fear Is Near: Threat Imminence Elicits Prefrontal-Periaqueductal Gray Shifts in Humans

Humans, like other animals, alter their behavior depending on whether a threat is close or distant. We investigated spatial imminence of threat by developing an active avoidance paradigm in which volunteers were pursued through a maze by a virtual predator endowed with an ability to chase, capture, and inflict pain. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that as the virtual predator grew closer, brain activity shifted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the periaqueductal gray. This shift showed maximal expression when a high degree of pain was anticipated. Moreover, imminence-driven periaqueductal gray activity correlated with increased subjective degree of dread and decreased confidence of escape. Our findings cast light on the neural dynamics of threat anticipation and have implications for the neurobiology of human anxiety-related disorders.
Lightweight Encryption for Smart Home

Smart home is one of the most popular IoT (Internet of Things) applications, which connects a wide variety of objects and home appliances in a single logical network. Smart home applications have benefited from interactions and data transmissions among different devices over the integrated network with or without human interventions. However, like other technologies, smart home likely introduces new security vulnerabilities due to its dynamic and open nature of connectivity with heterogeneous features. Among such vulnerabilities, is the breach of confidentiality which needs to be addressed urgently as data exchanged between smart home devices can contain crucial information related to user's privacy and safety. However, some of the challenges in providing smart home system with confidentiality service are the flexibility of key management and efficiency of computation and communication. These challenges should be addressed carefully as many small and resource-constrained devices are usually involved in smart home systems. In this paper, we address these challenges by proposing a lightweight encryption scheme for smart homes. This scheme will provide users and smart objects with confidentiality service without incurring much overhead cost associated with computation and communication. Our proposed scheme also supports flexible public key management through adopting identity-based encryption, which does not require complex certificate handling. We provide a formal security analysis of our scheme and a performance simulation study. The simulation shows that our scheme provides favorable level of efficiency in terms of overhead cost associated with computation and communication.
Anion-Exchange Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: A Powerful Tool for Merging Targeted and Non-targeted Metabolomics.

In this work, simultaneous targeted metabolic profiling by isotope dilution and non-targeted fingerprinting is proposed for cancer cell studies. The novel streamlined metabolomics workflow was established using anion-exchange chromatography (IC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). The separation time of strong anion-exchange (2 mm column, flow rate 380 μL min-1, injection volume 5 μL) could be decreased to 25 min for a target list comprising organic acids, sugars, sugar phosphates, and nucleotides. Internal standardization by fully 13C labeled Pichia pastoris extracts enabled absolute quantification of the primary metabolites in adherent cancer cell models. Limits of detection (LODs) in the low nanomolar range and excellent intermediate precisions of the isotopologue ratios (on average <5%, N = 5, over 40 h) were observed. As a result of internal standardization, linear dynamic ranges over 4 orders of magnitude (5 nM-50 μM, R2 > 0.99) were obtained. Experiments on drug-sensitive versus resistant SW480 cancer cells showed the feasibility of merging analytical tasks into one analytical run. Comparing fingerprinting with and without internal standard proved that the presence of the 13C labeled yeast extract required for absolute quantification was not detrimental to non-targeted data evaluation. Several interesting metabolites were discovered by accurate mass and comparing MS2 spectra (acquired in ddMS2 mode) with spectral libraries. Significant differences revealed distinct metabolic phenotypes of drug-sensitive and resistant SW480 cells.
Real‐time interrupt handling in Ada

The Ada† programming language defines the semantics of interrupt handling as part of the tasking mechanism, making it possible to construct implementation‐independent interrupt handlers. However, for the Ada mechanism to be effective, an implementation must provide support not specified by the Ada standard, such as for initializing hardware interrupting devices, handling unexpected interrupts and optimizing for real‐time performance constraints. This paper analyses some of the constraints that efficient interrupt support places on an implementation. It develops a model for the interaction between interrupt hardware and Ada tasks and describes optimizations for Ada interrupt handlers. Implementation issues, including task priorities and task termination for interrupt handlers, are discussed in detail.
Constant time arbitrary length synchronous binary counters

The author introduces a synchronous binary counter which can be operated under a high clock frequency, independent of the counter's length n: all signals traverse at most two three-input logic gates during each clock phase. The proposed design is simple enough to have practical implications, as illustrated by a CMOS programmable gate array implementation which has counted up to 2/sup 40/ with a 40-MHz clock. The area required for laying out this design is no larger than that of the (much slower) carry-ripple counter. <<ETX>>
30-ns 55-b shared radix 2 division and square root using a self-timed circuit

A shared radix 2 division and square root implementation using a self-timed circuit is presented. The same execution time for division and square root is achieved by using an on-the-fly digit decoding and a root multiple generation technique. Most of the hardware is shared, and only several multiplexers are required to exchange a divisor multiple and a root multiple. Moreover, quotient selection logic is accelerated by a new algorithm using a 3-b carry propagation adder. The implementation of the shared division and square root unit is realized by assuming 0.3 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The wiring capacitance and other parasitic parameters are taken into account. The execution time of floating point 55-b full mantissa division and square root is expected to be less than 30 ns in the worst case of an input vector determined by an intensive circuit simulation. <<ETX>>
Immunological Variation Between Inbred Laboratory Mouse Strains

Inbred laboratory mouse strains are highly divergent in their immune response patterns as a result of genetic mutations and polymorphisms. The generation of genetically engineered mice (GEM) has, in the past, used embryonic stem (ES) cells for gene targeting from various 129 substrains followed by backcrossing into more fecund mouse strains. Although common inbred mice are considered “immune competent,” many have variations in their immune system—some of which have been described—that may affect the phenotype. Recognition of these immune variations among commonly used inbred mouse strains is essential for the accurate interpretation of expected phenotypes or those that may arise unexpectedly. In GEM developed to study specific components of the immune system, accurate evaluation of immune responses must take into consideration not only the gene of interest but also how the background strain and microbial milieu contribute to the manifestation of findings in these mice. This article discusses points to consider regarding immunological differences between the common inbred laboratory mouse strains, particularly in their use as background strains in GEM.
Minimal transmit redundancy FIR zero-forcing equalizer for space-time correlated noise ISI MIMO channel with space-time modulated code

A systematic method for designing FIR zero-forcing equalizer (ZFE) of space-time modulated coded (STMC) system based on non-maximally decimated filterbank is proposed. The physical channel considered is assumed to be MIMO with intersymbol interference (ISI) and span-time correlated noise. STMC is a space-time block code (STBC). Most of the STBC system required a Iong guard period to avoid inter-block interference but, with our designed equalizer, the guard period is not always necessary This can greatly enhance the spectral efficient of STMC especially when the channel dispersion is large. In our derivation, we first proposed some existence condition for the FIR ZFE of STMC. These include the maximal code rate STMC for given channel and the minimal required filter order. A verification method for the equalizability of given STMC precoder is also proposed. After that a parameterized solution of FIR ZFE of STMC is derived. Base on this parameterized result, the optimal FIR ZFE is obtained. By observing these results, we found that FIR ZFE can he further improved by adding a simple permutation in the system.
Comprehensive Study on Dynamic on-resistance Evaluation Circuit for Power GaN HEMTs Devices

Gallium nitride (GaN) based power devices are promising technology for power electronic circuits to achieve high operating frequency, low conduction loss, and zero reverse recovery loss. However, these devices suffer from the dynamic on-resistance (Rds, on) in the application. To investigate this issue, several test circuits are discussed in the literature. In this paper, a summary and their limitation on testing parameters during Rds, on evaluation are discussed. The test circuits are further analyzed based on their switching stress to the device under test (DUT). This analysis may provide insight for test engineers to choose the test circuit based on their requirements quickly, and researchers interested in this topic will have the state-of-the-art circuits from this paper.
A real-time object tracking and image stabilization system for photographing in vibration environment using OpenTLD algorithm

With the rapid development of computer vision technology, target tracking systems based on image processing is widely used in various fields. Aiming at the problem of image blurring while photographing in vibration environment, this paper proposed a smart tracking method based on physical motion compensation. This method centered the target in the camera while isolating the environment vibration. It not only improved the tracking success rate but also greatly reduced the search area which improved the efficiency of the TLD algorithm.
Combining of power control commands during soft handover in WCDMA

This paper discusses the TPC detection performance in soft handover in WCDMA. A simple TPC commands combining method is evaluated and an improved TPC combining method is proposed. Results show that although the simple combining method fulfills the 3GPP requirements, it does not perform well from the system performance perspective. The proposed combining method significantly improves the system performance.
Capacity improvement through random timeslot opposing (RTO) algorithm in cellular TDD systems with asymmetric channel utilisation

In this paper the performance of the RTO algorithm at different asymmetries favouring uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) is studied. The RTO algorithm is a dynamic channel allocation (DCA) algorithm that yields a significant interference reduction (min. 3 dB, max. 20 dB) compared to a fixed channel assignment (FCA) algorithm. The FCA algorithm used, emulates an equivalent FDD system which has no same-entity interference. Thus, the existence of different interference modes in TDD is exploited constructively to avoid jamming. The RTO algorithm shows an excellent performance for an asymmetry favouring the DL. This is a very useful result as future high data rate services which, for example, make use of multimedia streaming technologies require significantly higher capacity in the DL than in the UL. If the asymmetry. for example, is 14:2 (14 time slots (TS's) used for DL and 2 TS's for UL). the performance is about 15 dB better than with an asymmetry of 2:12 (2 TS's used for DL and 14 TS's for UL). It is important to note that the FCA algorithm results in greater interference for all rates of asymmetry investigated.
Integrated Histopathological and Urinary Metabonomic Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Microcystin-LR Toxicosis

Patterns of change of endogenous metabolites may closely reflect systemic and organ-specific toxic changes. The authors examined the metabolic effects of the cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) toxin microcystin-LR by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of urinary endogenous metabolites. Rats were treated with a single sublethal dose, either 20 or 80 µg/kg intraperitoneally, and sacrificed at 2 or 7 days post dosing. Changes in the high-dose, 2-day sacrifice group included centrilobular hepatic necrosis and congestion, accompanied in some animals by regeneration and neovascularization. By 7 days, animals had recovered, the necrotizing process had ended, and the centrilobular areas had been replaced by regenerative, usually hypertrophic hepatocytes. There was considerable interanimal variation in the histologic process and severity, which correlated with the changes in patterns of endogenous metabolites in the urine, thus providing additional validation of the biomarker and biochemical changes. Similarity of the shape of the metabolic trajectories suggests that the mechanisms of toxic effects and recovery are similar among the individual animals, albeit that the magnitude and timing are different for the individual animals. Initial decreases in urinary citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, and hippurate concentrations were accompanied by a temporary increase in betaine and taurine, then creatine from 24 to 48 hours. Further changes were an increase in guanidinoacetate, dimethylglycine, urocanic acid, and bile acids. As a tool, urine can be repeatedly and noninvasively sampled and metabonomics utilized to study the onset and recovery after toxicity, thus identifying time points of maximal effect. This can help to employ histopathological examination in a guided and effective fashion.
Imaging Phonon Excitation with Atomic Resolution

Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy at low temperatures was used to investigate vibrations of Au(111) and Cu(111). The low-energy peaks at 9 millielectron volts (meV) on Au(111) and 21 meV on Cu(111) are attributed to phonons at surfaces. On Au(111), the phonon energy is not influenced by the different stacking of the surface atoms, but it is considerably influenced by different atomic distances within the surface layer. The spatial variation of the phonon excitation is measured in inelastic electron tunneling maps on Au(111), which display atomic resolution. This atomic resolution is explained in terms of site-specific phonon excitation probabilities.