Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global trading companies in the commodity chain of rubber between 1890 and the 1920s

Abstract The article deals with the rubber boom at the beginning of the 20th century, which fundamentally changed the global rubber market. Trading companies played a crucial role in this development, connecting the areas of production with centres of commerce and with places of industrial usage of rubber. The article follows the transformation from a wild rubber to a plantation rubber industry by using a global commodity chain approach to compare the function and position of German and British firms in the global rubber market. It combines the chain analysis with the theory of transaction costs to discuss the strategies of trading firms in these changing environments of globalisation. The article reveals that transaction cost explains only a part of the transformation, while institutional settings played a major role for the strategy of trading firms.
Assessment of methods for determining body weight
based on biometric dimensions in Hucul horses

The aim of the study was to verify existing methods for determining the weight of adult Hucul horses on the basis of biometric dimensions associated with changes in the conformation of horses of this breed resulting from breeding work. The experiment was performed on 159 adult Hucul horses ≥3 years old (25 stallions, 23 geldings and 111 mares, including 44 barren, 23 in early pregnancy (up to the 7th month) and 43 in late pregnancy (>7 months). Actual body weight, determined using a platform scale, was compared with the weight estimated using selected formulas and with a special measuring tape. The estimation error (%) was calculated, and it was determined whether the estimated body weight was on average overor underestimated. The most reliable means of estimating body weight proved to be the use of the formulas of Carroll and Huntington (1988) and Sendel (1999), which non-significantly underestimated actual body weight, by an average of 7 and 8 kg, respectively, so that the error resulting from this method was 4.5%. The measuring tape was also found to be a good tool, resulting in an error not exceeding 6%, with a non-significant underestimation of actual body weight. The tendency of various methods to over or underestimate body weight was similar irrespectively of sex and physiological state, which may indicate that the body weight of Hucul horses changes proportionally with changes in biometric dimensions. Therefore, it can be assumed that the sex and physiological state of the mare, despite their effect on body weight, need not be taken into account when developing new formulas for estimating it.
Can the GPM IMERG Final Product Accurately Represent MCSs’ Precipitation Characteristics over the Central and Eastern United States?

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) play an important role in water and energy cycles as they produce heavy rainfall and modify the radiative profile in the tropics and midlatitudes. An accurate representation of MCSs’ rainfall is therefore crucial in understanding their impact on the climate system. The V06B Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals from Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) half-hourly precipitation final product is a useful tool to study the precipitation characteristics of MCSs because of its global coverage and fine spatiotemporal resolutions. However, errors and uncertainties in IMERG should be quantified before applying it to hydrology and climate applications. This study evaluates IMERG performance on capturing and detecting MCSs’ precipitation in the central and eastern United States during a 3-yr study period against the radar-based Stage IV product. The tracked MCSs are divided into four seasons and are analyzed separately for both datasets. IMERG shows a wet bias in total precipitation but a dry bias in hourly mean precipitation during all seasons due to the false classification of nonprecipitating pixels as precipitating. These false alarm events are possibly caused by evaporation under the cloud base or the misrepresentation of MCS cold anvil regions as precipitating clouds by the algorithm. IMERG agrees reasonably well with Stage IV in terms of the seasonal spatial distribution and diurnal cycle of MCSs precipitation. A relative humidity (RH)-based correction has been applied to the IMERG precipitation product, which helps reduce the number of false alarm pixels and improves the overall performance of IMERG with respect to Stage IV.
Evaluation of Theoretical and Experimental Spectroscopic Properties of 3-Methyl-4-[4-methoxy-3-(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)-benzylidenamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one

In this study, 3-methyl-4-[4-methoxy-3-(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)-benzylidenamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one was synthesized according to literature. Experimental data were obtained from the literature. The synthesized title compound was optimized by using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data values were calculated according to the method of gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) and continuous set of gauge transformations (CSGT) methods using the program package Gaussian G09W Software. Experimental and theoretical values were inserted into the graphic according to equitation of δexp=a+b. δ calc. The standard error values were found via SigmaPlot program with regression coefficient of a and b constants. Also, the calculated IR data of compound were calculated in gas phase by using of 6-311G(d,p) basis set of B3LYP method and are multiplied with appropriate adjustment factors. Theoretical infrared spectrums are formed from the data obtained according to B3LYP method. In the identification of calculated IR data was used the veda4f program. The calculated and experimental results were exhibited a very good agreement.
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Tool for Screening Suicide Risk in Chronically Ill Women

Abstract The Suicide Screening Tool for Chronic Illness assesses suicide risk for persons with chronic, “invisible” illnesses. From an initial pool of 31 items, internal consistency, Rasch, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses produced a 14-item scale that is unidimensional, internally consistent, and correlated with measures of suicide-relevant constructs.
Precipitation of Relativistic Electrons Under Resonant Interaction With Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Wave Packets

We use numerical simulations to study the resonant interaction of relativistic electrons with rising‐frequency electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave packets in the H+ band. We find that precipitating fluxes are formed by quasi‐linear interaction and several nonlinear interaction regimes having opposite effects. In particular, the direct influence of Lorentz force on the particle phase (force bunching) decreases precipitation for particles with low equatorial pitch angles (up to 15–25°) and can even block it completely. Four other nonlinear regimes are possible: nonlinear shift of the resonance point, which can cause pitch angle drift in both directions; phase bunching that slightly increases pitch angle for untrapped particles; directed scattering that strongly decreases pitch angle for untrapped particles; and particle trapping by the wave field that decreases pitch angle. The evolution of the equatorial pitch angle distribution during several passes of particles through the wave packet is studied. The precipitating fluxes are evaluated and compared with theoretical estimates. We show that strong diffusion limit is maintained for a certain range of energies by a wave packet with realistic amplitude and frequency drift. In this case, the quasi‐linear theory strongly underestimates the precipitating flux. With increasing energy, the precipitating fluxes decrease and become close to the quasi‐linear estimates.
Coherent dynamics of resonantly excited excitons in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides

We investigate dynamics of resonantly excited excitons in single-layers of MoSe2 and WS2 down to 4.5K. To this end, we measure the delay dependence of the heterodyne four-wave mixing (F M) amplitude induced by three, short laser pulses. This signal depends not only on the population of optically active excitons, which affects the absorption of the probe, but also on the population of optically inactive states, by interaction-induced energy shift, influencing the refractive index experienced by the probe. As such, it offers insight into density dynamics of excitons which do not directly couple to photons. Reproducing the coherent signal detected in amplitude and phase, the FWM delay dependence is modeled by a coherent superposition of several exponential decay components, with characteristic time constants from 0.1 picosecond up to 1 nanosecond. With increasing excitation intensity and/or temperature, we observe strong interference effects in the FWM field amplitude, resulting in progressively more complex and nonintuitive signal dynamics. We attribute this behaviour to increasingly populated exciton dark states, which change the FWM field phase by the relative effect on absorption and refractive index. We observe that exciton recombination occurs on a significantly longer timescale in WS2 with respect to MoSe2, which is attributed to the dark character of exciton ground state in the former and the bright in the latter.
Combination of Ayurveda and folk medicine: Plants and formulations of a traditional medicinal practitioner in Noakhali district, Bangladesh

Folk medicine is perhaps the most common form of traditional medicinal practices in Bangladesh for anybody can practice it without requiring formal training or registration. As such, practices of folk medicinal practitioners (FMPs) can be varied and can range from use of plants, animals and minerals to wearing amulets and uttering incantations for disease treatment. However, plants are most commonly used by FMPs and selection of plants for treatment of a particular disease can vary widely among FMPs. Thus documentation of the plants used by as many FMPs as possible is important for this documentation can help in scientific researches on any given plant leading to new drug discoveries. The objective of this study was to document the medicinal plants and formulations used by a FMP in Noakhali district, Bangladesh, who had a degree in Ayurveda (the traditional medicinal practice of the Indian subcontinent) but described himself as a FMP. The FMP used a total of 25 plants distributed into 17 families in his formulations. There were two interesting features in the FMPs formulations. First, the same plant or plant parts from the same plant was used to treat multiple diseases suggesting that the FMP was knowledgeable about different medicinal properties of different plant parts from the same plant. Second, the FMP was aware and described the toxicities due to over-dosage of some of his preparations and further advised when to avoid the formulations. Taken together, the formulations of this particular FMP represent a combination of two traditional medicinal systems, namely Ayurveda and folk medicine and so can be of interest to scientists searching for new medications.
Geometry Compression of 3D Static Point Clouds based on TSPLVQ

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of the 3D point cloud compression required to ensure efficient transmission and storage. We introduce a new hierarchical geometry representation based on adaptive Tree-Structured Point-Lattice Vector Quantization (TSPLVQ). This representation enables hierarchically structured 3D content that improves the compression performance for static point cloud. The novelty of the proposed scheme lies in adaptive selection of the optimal quantization scheme of the geometric information, that better leverage the intrinsic correlations in point cloud. Based on its adaptive and multiscale structure, two quantization schemes are dedicated to project recursively the 3D point clouds into a series of embedded truncated cubic lattices. At each step of the process, the optimal quantization scheme is selected according to a rate-distortion cost in order to achieve the best trade-off between coding rate and geometry distortion, such that the compression flexibility and performance can be greatly improved. Experimental results show the interest of the proposed multi-scale method for lossy compression of geometry.
Optimal Charge/Discharge Scheduling of Battery Storage Interconnected With Residential PV System

This article proposes an optimal charging and discharging schedule for a hybrid photovoltaic-battery system connected in the premises of a residential customer. The scheduling strategy is formulated to minimize the electricity bill of the customer. The proposed scheme uses the data obtained from short-term load, weather, and solar forecasting. A time-of-use tariff scheme is considered to be implemented by the utility. The proposed method is tested on real residential load and solar generation scenario. The test results verify that the implementation of the optimal battery scheduling algorithm can significantly increase the net saving in the electricity bill of the customer.
Becoming an effective practitioner through guided reflection

The study aimed to develop, monitor and explore the process and outcomes of guided reflection and its impact on enabling practitioners to achieve desirable and effective caring practice. A secondary focus of the study was to monitor and explore the process and outcomes of guided reflection as a form of critical action research which may generate theoretical insights regarding its use in clinical supervisory practices. The process referred to as 'guided reflection' was developed and used to guide this study. Guided reflection represents a form of social action research which was framed within an ontology and process of critical and reflexive phenomenology of experience between practitioners and their supervisors over a period of four years. Whilst each guided reflection relationship was written as a critical narrative to illuminate the reflexive development of effective practice, these narratives became a secondary level of analysis to construct meta-narratives of the nature of effective work and dynamics of guided reflection. Various frameworks were developed and tested within a reflexive process that was appropriately informed and juxtaposed with extant theory to adequately interpret and present the process and ou.tc omes of the study. The method and process of guided reflection generated two major empirical and theoretical insights. • 'The 'Being available' framework to know effective caring practice, presented as one major exemplar of 'Pru'. • Meta-reflection of methods and process of guided reflection. Three frameworks in particular are significant: • 'Being available' as a parallel framework for effective supervision practice. This parallel framework supports the coherence between developmental and research processes. • The Model for Structured Reflection as an heuristic device for knowing reflection. • 'Framing perspectives' as a series of integrated lenses to focus on discrete layers of learning within reflection. The insights gained through the study have considerable significance for informing and guiding the future development of reflective practice within nursing curriculum, clinical supervision within practice, and the future development of nursing knowledge. The development of nursing knowledge is of particular significance in understanding the meaning and nuances of holistic nursing as a lived reality and have significantly contributed to the reflexive development of the Burford NDU Model: Caring in Practice. The study has become a springboard for research to gain further insight into the factors that facilitate or constrain the efficacy of guided reflection in enabling practitioners to know and realise desirable practice within everyday practice
Arterial Stiffening is Associated with Exercise Intolerance and Hyperventilatory Response in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Exercise intolerance is a common feature of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Arterial stiffness is increased in CAD patients; however, the association between arterial stiffness and exercise capacity of CAD patients has not been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the association between arterial stiffness and the exercise capacity of 62 CAD patients (67 ± 7 yo, 49 men). The patients underwent symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing and measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV). The patients were divided into the high-PWV group (n = 31) and the low-PWV group (n = 31), according to the median PWV (1622 cm/sec). In exercise testing, the peak VO2 was lower in the high-PWV group than in the low-PWV group. VE/VCO2 slope was higher and the time to ST depression was shorter in the high-PWV group than in the low-PWV group. Multivariate analysis results showed that PWV significantly correlated with peak VO2 as well as sex. PWV also significantly correlated with time to ST depression and VE/VCO2 slope. In conclusion, patients with high PWV had lower exercise capacity than patients with low PWV. A low myocardial ischemia threshold, as well as an enhancement of the ventilatory response to exercise, was also found in patients with high PWV.
Mapping Land Cover Based on Time Series Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Data in Klaten, Indonesia

Information on the existing land cover is important for land management and planning because it can represent the intensity, location, and pattern of human activities. However, mapping land cover in tropical regions is not easy when using optical remote sensing due to the scarcity of cloud-free images. Therefore, the objective of this study is to map the land cover in Klaten Regency using a time-series Sentinel-1 data. Sentinel-1 data is one of remote sensing image s with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system which is well known by its capabilit y of cloud penetration and all-weather observation. A time-series Sentinel-1 data of both polarisations, VV and VH were automatically classified using an unsupervised classification technique, ISODATA. The results show that the land cover classifications obtained overall accuracies of 79 . 26% and 73 . 79 % for VV and VH respectively. It is also found that Klaten is still dominated by the vegetated land (agriculture and non-agricultural land). T hese results suggest the opportunity of mapping land cover using SAR multi temporal data. Keywords : Land cover; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Time series; Sentinel-1; Klaten
Synergetic Application of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Models to Credit Granting Decision Problems

Although various algorithms have widely been studied for bankruptcy and credit risk prediction, conclusions regarding the best performing method are divergent when using different performance assessment metrics. As a solution to this problem, the present paper suggests the employment of two well-known multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques by integrating their preference scores, which can constitute a valuable tool for decision-makers and analysts to choose the prediction model(s) more properly. Thus, selection of the most suitable algorithm will be designed as an MCDM problem that consists of a finite number of performance metrics (criteria) and a finite number of classifiers (alternatives). An experimental study will be performed to provide a more comprehensive assessment regarding the behavior of ten classifiers over credit data evaluated with seven different measures, whereas the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) techniques will be applied to rank the classifiers. The results demonstrate that evaluating the performance with a unique measure may lead to wrong conclusions, while the MCDM methods may give rise to a more consistent analysis. Furthermore, the use of MCDM methods allows the analysts to weight the significance of each performance metric based on the intrinsic characteristics of a given credit granting decision problem.
Exploring the Connection between Job Satisfaction and Different Forms of Organizational Commitment among Police

Police operate around the world. Police organizations are tasked with a wide variety of duties, and successful police organizations need committed officers. The three main forms of organizational commitment are affective, normative, and continuance commitment. This study examined the relationship of overall job satisfaction and facet job satisfaction (transfers, pay, promotions, and supervision) on affective, normative, and continuance commitment among 550 officers working in the operations and investigation wings of the Lahore Police Stations in Punjab, Pakistan. Based on multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results, overall job satisfaction and facet satisfaction with transfers, pay, and supervision had significant positive effects on affective and normative commitment and negative associations with continuance commitment. Satisfaction with promotions, however, had a negative relationship with affective and normative commitment and a positive association with continuance commitment.
An Exploration of Knowledge and Attitudes About Sexual Assault Occurrence and Prevention Among Former Intercollegiate Athletes

ii Dedication . iv Acknowledgements . v Vita . vii List of Tables . xv List of Figures . xvi Chapter One: Introduction . 1 Background . 2 Rationale . 4 Purpose . 8 Research Problem . 9 Research Questions . 10 Key Terms . 10 Overview of Remaining Chapters . 14 Chapter Two: Literature Review . 16 Rape Culture . 16 Hypermasculinity . 19 Sexual Assault on College Campuses . 22
National Emergency Access Targets and Psychiatric Risk Assessment in Emergency Departments: Implications for Involving Family or Carers

Copyright: © 2016 Donley E. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. *Corresponding author: Donley E, Emergency Department, Psychiatric Triage, Eastern Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, E-mail: euan.donley@monash.edu