Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory of Structures of Hydrogen-Air Diffusion Flames

ABSTRACT The structure of the hydrogen-air counterflow diffusion flame is investigated by Damkohler-n umber asymptotics. Attention is restricted to flowfield strain times smaller than dissociation times but larger than the characteristic chemical time of three-body recombination reactions, thereby placing the system on the upper, vigorously burning branch of the characteristic S-curve of peak temperature as a function of strain time without equilibrium broadening. Under these conditions, it is shown that the reactants can coexist only within a thin reaction zone separating two radical-free equilibrium regions. First, the equations for the counterflow mixing layer in the two outer equilibrium regions are solved in the classical Burke-Schumann limit by the introduction of appropriate conserved scalars that account for variable transport coefficients and variable Schmidt numbers, different for different species. Then, the reaction zone is investigated with scaling that identifies the relevant reduced Damkohl.
Flavor Specificities of Satsuma Mandarin Juice Extracted by a New-type Screw Press Extraction System

A large quantity of Satsuma mandarin (3-3.5 million tons) has been produced in Japan and about 20% of it has been processed for juice. Many types of juice extractor, such as the Citrus Master extractor, Reamer extractor, Chopper-pulper extractor and FMCIn-line extractor were developed for Satsuma mandarin fruit extraction, and the In-line juice.extractor is the most widely used amongthem. However, each of those juice extractors has some disad-
Ultrafast Spectroscopic Investigation of the Charge Recombination Dynamics of Ion Pairs Formed upon Highly Exergonic Bimolecular Electron-Transfer Quenching: Looking for the Normal Region

The charge recombination dynamics of the ion pairs formed upon electron-transfer quenching of perylene by tetracyanoethylene in acetonitrile has been investigated using ultrafast fluorescence upconversion, transient absorption, and transient grating techniques. For this donor/acceptor pair, charge separation is highly exergonic (ΔG[CS]= −2.2 eV), but charge recombination is weakly exergonic (ΔG[CR] = −0.6 eV). It was found that for more than 90% of the ion pair population, charge recombination is ultrafast and occurs in less than 10 ps. This decay component could not be observed in a previous investigation with a lower time resolution. The results indicate that the primary quenching product is a contact ion pair and not a solvent-separated ion pair as generally assumed for highly exergonic electron-transfer quenching processes. A possible explanation for this apparent divergence is that the contact ion pair is initially formed in an electronic excited state. Only a very minor fraction of the ion pair population undergoes the slow charge recombination predicted by Marcus theory for weakly exergonic charge-transfer processes (normal region).
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE ADSORÇÃO PEPTÍDEOS ANÁLOGOS EM GEL ALUMINA

Peptide antigen adsorption on aluminum hydroxide gel must be characterized when formulating vaccines. In this work a peptide belonging to the amino-terminal region of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein and its analogues have been characterized. The adsorption of 17 analogues on aluminum hydroxide which had greater than 10 mmol/L solubility was quantified at 298 K. Adsorption capacity and affinity constant parameters were calculated by applying the Langmuir’s adsorption model. The results have been presented in three groups according to adsorption isotherm trajectory. The first group consists of analogues where the first organization of peptide molecules was presented at low concentrations, followed by a rapid increase in adsorption to high concentrations. The second group consists of analogues having an adsorption pattern showing the formation of a first layer at low peptide concentrations and a second layer at greater concentrations. The third group contains analogues whose adsorption involved the formation of two simple layers, this being differentiated from the second group in that after the second layer had been completed, the amount adsorbed grew notably with increased concentration. The results revealed a more complex pattern that monolayer or bilayer formation. This work constitutes the first approach towards establishing an adsorbed layer structure model using a peptide system.
Improving C11+ Hydrocarbon Product Selectivity by Hydrogen Distribution in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

The present study examines the effect of hydrogen distribution (HD) along a Co/SiO2 catalyst bed on Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. The synthesis is performed under two pressures of 1.0 and 9.0 atm and different H2/CO ratios. The results are compared to those of the usual co-feed, in which both CO and H2 are introduced to the bed inlet. By HD strategy, the methane selectivity is suppressed by as much as 25% and the C11+ selectivity is enhanced up to 26%. CO conversion and product selectivity exhibited a strong dependence on the operating pressure and H2/CO ratio, when hydrogen is distributed.
Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Pyrrole-Based Donor-Acceptor Chromophores as Electro-Optic Materials

The synthesis of the heterocycle-based diethanolaminomethyl-functionalized derivative 1-(pyridin-4-yl)-2-[(N-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-5-methylenediethanolamine]ethene (2) from (1-pyridin-4-yl)-2-(N-methyl-pyrrol-2-yl)ethene (1) and their methylpyridinium dyes 1-(N-methylpyridinio)-2-[(N-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-5-methylenediethanolamine]ethene iodide (3) and 1-(N-methylpyridinio)-2-[(N-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-5-methylenediethanolamine]ethene iodide (4) is described. NLO-active chromophore monolayers SA-1 and SA-2 were obtained by reaction of p-iodomethylphenyldiiodochlorosilane (5)-functionalized substrates and dye precursors 1 and 2, respectively. A χ(2) value of ∼120 pm/V is observed for SA-2. The new diethanolaminomethyl-functionalized chromophore 2 is also a suitable building block for the layer-by-layer formation of intrinsically acentric, highly transparent nonlinear optical/electro-optic multilayers (SAS = self-assembled superlattice). The organic SAS films are characterized by a combination of physicochemical meth.
Preparation and biodistribution study of 99mTc-EC-Annexin-SPIO as a tracer of radiation induced apoptosis in mice model

Introduction: Apoptosis is a major consequence of ionizing radiation in proliferative tissues and quantification of the apoptotic cells could be helpful for noninvasive assessment and estimation of the radiation absorbed dose. Annexin V conjugated with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (ANX-SPIO) is a biological probe for detection of apoptotic cells using magnetic resonance imaging. This study aimed at assessing the biodistribution alterations of the labeled ANX-SPIO within the mice body shortly after exposure to different doses of ionizing radiation. Methods: 99mTc-EC-ANX-SPIO was prepared and its in vitro stability was tested. The binding affinity of radiocomplex to apoptotic cells was validated in vitro. Mice irradiated whole body with 2, 4 and 6 Gy (60Co gamma rays) and six hours later, radiocomplex was administrated intravenously and the biodistribution study was conducted 0.5, 1 and 2 hours later. Results: The radiochemical purity of radiocomplex was 94% ± 3.4% and it showed a good stability in PBS and serum. The radiocomplex maintained its efficacy for in vitro binding to apoptotic cells.radiocomplex accumulated in the bone marrow of all irradiated mice (p <0.05). However, statistical analysis did not show significant correlation between the %ID/g of the femoral bones and the received radiation doses. Conclusion: Quantification of ANX-SPIO in bone marrow can be used as an indicator for radiation exposure but development and optimization of the assay are necessary for discrimination between different radiation doses.
Ring opening polymerization of cyclic organosilicon compounds: Recent progress

A novel initiator, i.e. trimethylsilylmethyllithium has been successfully used for the ring opening polymerization of cyclosiloxanes in toluene, in the presence of the cryptand [211]. Suitable conditions have been found in which monomodal distributions of molecular weights of polysiloxanes are observed by GPC, even in the case of D4 and 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinyl cyclotetra siloxane (D4Vi) polymerizations. Moreover, kinetics of propagation and of formation of cyclosiloxanes can be followed by 29Si or 13C NMR spectroscopy on living polymer solutions. The rate of propagation of hexaethylcyclotrisiloxane is 120 times lower than that of the corresponding dimethylated analog D3, under the same conditions.
An integrated cobalt disulfide (CoS2) co-catalyst passivation layer on silicon microwires for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution

An integrated cobalt disulfide (CoS2) co-catalyst passivation layer on Si microwires (MWs) was used as a photocathode for solar hydrogen evolution. Si MWs were prepared by photolithography and dry etching techniques. The CoS2–Si photocathodes were subsequently prepared by chemical deposition and thermal sulfidation of the Co(OH)2 outer shell. The optimized onset potential and photocurrent of the CoS2–Si electrode were 0.248 V and −3.22 mA cm−2 (at 0 V), respectively. The best photocatalytic activity of the CoS2–Si electrode resulted from lower charge transfer resistances among the photoabsorber, co-catalyst, and redox couples in the electrolyte. X-ray absorption near edge structure was conducted to investigate the unoccupied electronic states of the CoS2 layer. We propose that more vacancies in the S-3p unoccupied states of the CoS2–Si electrode were present with a lower negative charge of S22− to form weaker S–H bond strength, promoting water splitting efficiency. Moreover, the CoS2 co-catalyst that completely covered underlying Si MWs served as a passivation layer to prevent oxidation and reduce degradation during photoelectrochemical measurements. Therefore, the optimal CoS2–Si electrode maintained the photocurrent at about −3 mA cm−2 (at 0 V) for 9 h, and its hydrogen generation rate was approximately 0.833 μmol min−1.
Relationships among specific growth, secreted acid phosphatase, intracellular and total inorganic phosphorus concentration in Chlorella fusca cultured under various levels of Na2HPO4 -

The relationships among specific growth rates, intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) and total phosphorus concentrations and specific activities of acid phosphatase (acPase) were studied on the green unicellular alga Chlorella fusca at 1.0, 15.0 and 30.0 µM Na2HPO4. The specific growth, the intracellular Pi and total phosphorus concentration increased with increasing Na2HPO4 levels. The acid phosphatase activity was inversely correlated with the specific growth rate, the total P concentrations and the intracellular inorganic concentrations. The P-deficiency induction of acPase activity is related to a decrease in P-availability in Chlorella fusca.
Photophysics of fluorescently labeled oligomers and polymers

Fluorescently labeled oligomers and polymers are nowadays of extreme relevance in the characterization of polymer dynamics, protein folding, as molecular rulers, chemosensors, etc. This contribution makes a revision of the photophysical characteristics of probes able to form excited dimers (excimers) in particular of pyrene labeled oligomers or polymers. The presence of different dimer conformations in the ground and excited states, the steric hindrance in particular with relation to the connection of pyrene through positions 1 or 2 leading to the formation of one or two excimers, etc., are discussed. The models used to investigate the kinetics of excimer formation, with the appropriate equations, are described (including the rate constants for a relevant number of published data in different systems). Particular emphasis is put on the properties of these probes in the colloidal domain and as chemosensors.
Topological and conventional nano-photonic waveguides for chiral integrated quantum optics

Chirality in integrated quantum photonics has emerged as a promising route towards achieving scalable quantum technologies with quantum nonlinearity effects. Topological photonic waveguides, which utilize helical optical modes, have been proposed as a novel approach to harnessing chiral light-matter interactions on-chip. However, uncertainties remain regarding the nature and strength of the chiral coupling to embedded quantum emitters, hindering the scalability of these systems. In this work, we present a comprehensive investigation of chiral coupling in topological photonic waveguides using a combination of experimental, theoretical, and numerical analyses. We quantitatively characterize the position-dependence nature of the light-matter coupling on several topological photonic waveguides and benchmark their chiral coupling performance against conventional line defect waveguides for chiral quantum optical applications. Our results provide crucial insights into the degree and characteristics of chiral light-matter interactions in topological photonic quantum circuits and pave the way towards the implementation of quantitatively-predicted quantum nonlinear effects on-chip.
Radiation chemical effects on radiochemistry: A review of examples important to nuclear power

Abstract Radiochemistry deals with the chemistry of the radioactive elements. In the nuclear industry successful fuel reprocessing, high-level waste treatment, and long-term storage of spent fuel depend on an understanding of the radiochemistry of actinides and fission products in these settings. Radiation chemistry is concerned with the chemical effects of ionizing radiation, with the most common types of radiation encountered by the radiochemist being low linear energy transfer (LET) β- and γ radiation, and higher LET α radiation. These radiations can have profound and important effects on radiochemistry, including changes in metal oxidation states and degradation of the organic ligands designed to complex radioelements. This may occur by direct action of the incident radiation on compounds present with high abundance or by reaction with radiolytically produced reactive species for trace components, such as the complexing agents. This review examines the role of reactive species created in irradiated aqueous and organic solution and their effects on radiochemistry. The sources and nature of these reactive species are discussed. Examples of radiation chemical effects are provided related to solvent extraction of the actinides from acidic solution, metal complexation and technetium redox chemistry in alkaline tank waste, and the corrosion of spent fuel stored in repository brine.
Volatile Constituents of Alococarpum erianthum (DC) H. Riedl & Kuber. Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Boiss. and Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. Three Umbelliferae Herbs Growing Wild in Iran

Abstract The composition of the essential oils from three Umbelliferae species of Iran -Alococarpum erianthum (DC) H.Riedl et Kuber. , Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Boiss. and Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. -were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. During the flowering period, two oils (A. erianthum and F.ovina) consisted mainly of monoterpenes, while in P. affinis oil sesquiterpenes predominated over monoterpenes. The oils of A. erianthum and F.ovina were rich in α-pinene (46.5% and 50.0%) and limonene (10.1% and 11.5%), respectively. In the oil of P. affinis, trans-α-bergamotene (56.2 %) and (E)-γ-bisabolene (11.3 %) were found to be the major constituents
Optical constants of amorphous for photons in the range of 60-3000 eV

Optical constants of amorphous have been calculated by the Kramers-Kronig analysis in the continuous spectral region including , O K and Si K absorption edges from the reflection spectra measured using synchrotron radiation. It is the first experiment carried out in such a wide energy region with the same sample. It has been found that for extrapolation of the experimental curve in the high energy region, where the photon energy exceeds the ionization potential of the Si K edge, the relation can be used for energies such that at small grazing angles.
Effects of Plasma Processing Parameters on the Surface Reactivity of OH(X2Π) in Tetraethoxysilane/O2 Plasmas during Deposition of SiO2

The OH(X2Π) radical in a 20:80 tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)/O2 plasmas has been characterized during deposition of SiO2 using the imaging of radicals interacting with surfaces (IRIS) method. The reactivity of OH at the surface of a growing SiO2 film has been determined as a function of the applied radio-frequency (rf) plasma power (P) and the substrate temperature (TS). The reactivity (R) of OH during deposition of SiO2 on a 300 K Si substrate is 0.41 ± 0.04. R decreases as substrate temperature increases but is unaffected by increasing rf power. Translational and rotational temperatures (ϑT and ϑR, respectively) of the OH radical are also determined. For a 20:80 TEOS/O2 plasma (P = 85 W), ϑT = 912 ± 20 K and ϑR = 450 ± 20 K. ϑT is significantly higher than ϑR and increases with increasing rf power. Using isotopically labeled 18O2 as a precursor, the source of the oxygen in OH is identified as the O2 gas, not oxygen from the ethoxy groups on TEOS. With these data, the role of OH in deposition of SiO2 from TEO.
The Electrocapillary Curves of the Phosphatidylcholine Monolayer at the Polarized Oil–Water Interface. I. Measurement of Interfacial Tension Using a Computer-Aided Pendant-Drop Method

The conditions for obtaining the electrocapillary curves of the dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) monolayer formed at the polarized nitrobenzene–water interface have been studied using the pendant drop method. To facilitate the measurement, the system for the interfacial tension measurement, including the computer software for the data handling, has been developed based on digital image processing of the video image of a pendant drop. The 95% confidence interval of the measured interfacial tension value was ±0.06 mN m−1. The time required to measure an electrocapillary curve with 30 points was 30 min, while the time necessary to convert the image data to the interfacial tension was 1 min. The potential drop across the monolayer has been demonstrated to influence the stability of the monolayer strongly. The DLPC markedly lowered the interfacial tension by forming a stable monolayer when the interface was polarized so that the aqueous phase has a negative potential with respect to the nitrobenzene phase.
Percutaneous Occlusion of the Left Atrial Appendage with Thrombus Irresponsive to Antithrombotic Therapy

We analyzed clinical experience with percutaneous closure of instances of left atrial appendage with thrombus (LAAT) irresponsive to antithrombotic therapy in patients treated in three high-volume cardiology centers. Clinical and procedural data regarding consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (PLAAC) due to LAAT were retrospectively analyzed. The study population consisted of 17 patients (11 men; 68 ± 14 years; CHA2DS2VASC 4.7 ± 1.9; HASBLED 3 (0–5)) with LAAT confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography, and included 5 patients with mechanical heart valves. Most of the patients (94.1%) received anticoagulation therapy before PLAAC. All LAATs were located in distal portions of the appendage and occupied less than 30% of its volume. Occluding-device implantation was successful in 17 patients; in one, a residual leak was disclosed. Appropriate positioning of occluders required more than 1 attempt in 6 individuals (35.3%); in 3 others (17.6%), the subjects’ devices had contact with thrombi. No procedural complications were noted. Midterm follow-up (median: 10 months) revealed no procedure-related complications or clinically diagnosed thromboembolism. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) performed after six months revealed device-related thrombus in one patient. We concluded that LAAT irresponsive to antithrombotic therapy might be effectively treated with PLAAC, even in patients with mechanical-valve prostheses.
Adaptive Gating Mechanism for Identifying Visually Grounded Paraphrases

Visually grounded paraphrases (VGPs) [1] are paraphrase-like expressions that refer to the same visual concept in an image. For example, “a squirrel” and “a brown squirrel,” “a green glass bottle” and “a beer” for the images in Figure 1 are VGPs. Such textual representations can benefit various vision and language tasks such as captioning and visual question answering, where the same visual concept can be described in different ways. We analyze VGPs on the Flickr30k entities dataset [2], and find that many of VGPs have high lexical similarity. Thus language clues often provide strong prior for VGP identification. For such VGPs, visual clues could lead to errors due to inaccurate visual grounding. On the other hand, many VGPs are difficult to be identified by language clues only. Based on the observations, we propose a VGP identification model, which adaptively controls the weights for each modality based on input visual and language clues. Given a pair of phrases and a corresponding image, our model first applies phrase localization to get an image region for each phrase. Language features are then extracted from the phrases, and visual features are extracted from localized image regions. Phrase localization is a challenging task, and even the state-of-the-art model could fail to detect image regions for input phrases, which means that the visual features can be completely spoiled. Our gating mechanism alleviates this issue by adaptively adjusting the weights for each modality. We expect the gating mechanism to use reliable modality more. The model predicts the probability that the input phrases are VGPs based on the features fused with their weights.
Use case study on machine learning for network anomaly detection

Technological advancement has reached the point where the vast majority of businesses rely on computer networks. Thus businesses are exposed to a manifold of network security threats such as network intrusions which can pose a serious threat to them. Network intrusions can be very hard to detect and stop since attackers are steadily developing new ways to intrude into a system. Anomaly detection is a promising approach in solving this problem. Any deviations from the normal state of the system are interpreted as harmful. Thus even novel forms of attacks that alter the system in an unusual way will be detected. This assumption can also backﬁre and lead to a high rate of false positives since networks often show a lot of variation in their traﬃc. We will discuss possible ways to circumvent this downside of our approach. Machine learning has shown to be an useful tool for generating an eﬀective notion of what normal or abnormal behaviour in a network system is. Since using machine learning for network anomaly detecting is a hot topic and new research has been accumulating steadily we have decided to review the most common applications of machine learning used for anomaly detection and explain how they were implemented in recent research. In the end we discuss which challenges still remain and propose possible ways to overcome them.
18F-FDG PET/CT Cannot Substitute Endoscopy in the Staging of Gastrointestinal Involvement in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. A Retrospective Multi-Center Cohort Analysis

The detection of gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in Mantle Cell Lymphoma is often underestimated and may have an impact on outcome and clinical management. We aimed to evaluate whether baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT presents comparable results to endoscopic biopsy in the diagnosis of GI localizations. In our retrospective cohort of 79 patients, sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG PET/CT were low for the stomach, with a fair concordance (k = 0.32), while higher concordance with pathologic results (k = 0.65) was detected in the colorectal tract. Thus, gastric biopsy remains helpful in the staging of MCL despite 18F-FDG PET/CT, while colonoscopy could be omitted in asymptomatic patients. The validation of our data in prospective cohorts is desirable