Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete genome sequence of Syntrophothermus lipocalidus type strain (TGB-C1 T )

the genus Syntrophothermus . The species is of interest because of its strictly anaerobic lifestyle, its participa-tion in the primary step of the degradation of organic maters, and for releasing products which serve as substrates for other microorganisms. It also contributes significantly to main-tain a regular pH in its environment by removing the fatty acids through β -oxidation. The strain is able to metabolize isobutyrate and butyrate, which are the substrate and the product of degradation of the substrate, respectively. This is the first complete genome sequence of a member of the genus Syntrophothermus and the second in the family Syntrophomonadaceae . Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 2,405,559 bp long genome with its 2,385 protein-coding and 55 RNA genes is a part of the G enomic E ncyclopedia of B acteria and A rchaea project.
The Full Potential of Continuous System Simulation Modelling

Continuous System Simulation (CSS) is a powerful way to study the behaviour of differential-algebraic equation models. Differential-algebraic equation modelling goes back to Newton and works well for models of e.g. physical systems where stochasticity plays almost no role, and where only a single attribute of an object is studied over time. However, when results from a deterministic CSS model are compared with results from a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model, they are often inconsistent. The reasons behind this CSS-DES inconsistency are nowadays well understood. In this paper, we demonstrate that a CSS model can contain both continuous state variables (compartments) that change continuously over time and discrete state variables (also compartments) that model discrete entities and change by integer amounts. In both cases, the time-slicing method is used to advance time. Furthermore, stochasticity can and should play the same role in CSS as it does in DES. This paper first explains how a well-defined conceptual model can be stepwise transformed in a consistent way into a CSS model. These transformation steps provide insights into how to construct a consistent CSS model. In short, this is about preserving uncertainties, attributes and dynamic properties. An additional benefit of this approach is that continuous and discrete sub-models can interact within the same model, without having to combine different types of simulation languages, types of time handling and incongruent concepts. To facilitate the use and understanding of stochastic CSS, this paper is also intended to serve as a guide to performing consistent CSS modelling and simulation. Furthermore, an open source tool for collecting and analyzing the outputs from a stochastic CSS model and analyzing and presenting the results in statistical form is also developed and made available to the reader.
On an efficient implementation of ’Solid-Shell’ finite elements with quadratic shape functions for explicit time integration

The main application of explicit time integration algorithms for finite element simulations – as they are characterized by rather small time steps – are highly dynamic problems. An implementation of the element routines with a specific view on efficiency of the algorithms is essential, while the internal force vector has to be computed extremely often, compared to implicit algorithms. In this contribution, a specific implementation concept is presented, using automatic generation and optimization of code for a so-called ’Solid-Shell’ formulation with quadratic shape functions in membrane direction and linear approximation in thickness direction. The efficiency of the numerical algorithms is shown and compared to otherwise programmed and compiled routines.
Di ff erential responses of soil CO 2 and N 2 O fl uxes to experimental warming

Land-use conversions and elevated temperature can impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, both of which are important greenhouse gasses (GHGs). Afforestation activity has increased significantly over the last century with a significant focus in recent years directed at offsetting GHG emissions, as forests have a large capacity to store carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) as well as affecting CO2 and N2O emissions. However, the impact of warming on GHG offsetting is unclear. This study was conducted in a forest and a grassland to investigate the effect of afforestation and warming, using infrared heaters, on soil fluxes of CO2 and N2O. Warming significantly increased the daily mean soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm by 1.7 °C and reduced the soil moisture by ∼5% in the forest from March 2014 to February 2016. In the grassland, there were no significant increases in temperature and moisture with warming and no impact on the soil fluxes of CO2 and N2O. In the forest, elevated soil temperature enhanced the average soil CO2 efflux by 23% but had no effect on soil N2O fluxes. Warming decreased the temperature sensitivity by 13% and 23% at the forest and grassland, respectively. The soil fluxes of CO2 increased exponentially with temperature and decreased linearly with the reduction in soil moisture, and were much larger in the grassland compared to the forest. However the grassland proved to be a larger sink for N2O than the forest. Irrespective of warming treatments, all measured pools were significantly larger in the grassland compared to the forest. Our results imply that afforestation may have a bigger effect than warming on soil CO2 and N2O fluxes within the range of temperatures used and that afforestation dramatically lowers the inorganic, organic and microbial C and N pools, that could, in turn, impact on the responses of forest soils to future global warming.
Multiple habitat associations: the role of offsite habitat in determining onsite avian density and species richness

Many animal populations continue to decline despite occurring in protected areas or on sympathetically managed sites. Frequently, this is because a specific habitat patch may not fulfil all the niche requirements of a threatened species. For instance, species often move between, and make use of, multiple habitat types for breeding, roosting and feeding within the same landscape. These cross-habitat interactions present a challenge for conservation. Here we quantify how the habitat associations of individual species and assemblages occurring within two distinct but adjacent habitat types (moorland and farmland) determine a suite of density and richness indicators, using the bird community of the English uplands as a case study. There was a clear association between onsite avian density and richness and offsite habitat structure (e.g. vegetation height, percent cover of dominant plant species, land management practices). Although such effects are not universal across all species and assemblages, where present (for five farmland and three moorland indicators) the increase in explanatory power offered by including offsite habitat structure can be large. By constructing scenarios of possible changes to management practice on both moorland and farmland, we demonstrate a real conservation benefit can be obtained by altering management in offsite habitats. For example, reducing burning intensity on moorland can result in a five-fold increase in snipe Gallinago gallinago density on farmland, without an alteration in farmland habitat. For one species (Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata), we demonstrate the frequency with which birds move between and utilise farmland and moorland during the breeding season, and therefore the importance of both habitat types to maintaining population densities. The multiple habitat dependency phenomenon quantified here is common and not restricted to birds. The successful conservation of many threatened species will thus depend on coordinated cross-habitat management.
RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN PULMONARY EMBOLISM

4 List of original papers 5 List of abbreviations 6 Introduction 7 Background 7 Right ventricle 7 Methods for RV evaluation 11 Echocardiography 11 CMR 15 Other methods for RV evaluation 16 Pulmonary embolism 17 Right ventricle in pulmonary embolism 22 Aims of the thesis 24 Patients and methods 25 Patients I-IV 25 Methods 26 Echocardiography Paper I 26 Echocardiography Paper II, III and IV 28 Pulmonary arteriography Paper II 29 D-dimer assay Paper III 29 PESI and Wells score Paper III 29 Lung scintigraphy Paper IV 31 Ethics considerations 32 Main results 33 Paper I 33 Paper II 36 Paper III 39 Paper IV 41 Statistics 43 Discussion 44 Conclusions 54 Sammanfattning pa svenska 55 Acknowledgements 57 References 59
OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY CODE OOCC

OF THE DISCLOSURE The present invention is an electronic structure having a buffer layer with a short average carrier lifetime, at least about 1000 A thick with an upper face, and an integrated circuit disposed over the upper face of the buffer layer, where this integrated circuit would otherwise be susceptible to soft errors, due to its configuration, its clock speed, its use environment, or a combination of these factors. In a preferred embodiment, the preferably high recombination rate buffer layer is an LT GaAs or GaAs:Er buffer layer.
Adaptive Regression Models for Modeling and Understanding Evolving Populations

When regression analysis is carried out with a prediction purpose, an evolution in the modeled phenomenon between the training and the prediction stages forces the statistician to start a new analysis. Similarly, when regression aims to explain the modeled phenomenon, a new regression model must be estimated whenever the phenomenon or its study conditions change. In this paper we show how the previous regression analysis can be used for the estimation of the regression model in the new situation, saving a new expensive data collection effort. Two case studies are considered: first a regression model of house prices versus house and household features is adapted from a city in the Southern United States (Birmingham, AL) to another city of the United States west coast (San Jose, CA). In the second case the link between CO2 emissions and gross national product in 1999 is analyzed by using a previous analysis dating from 1980.
Exact cosmological solutions of models with an interacting dark sector

In this work we extend the first order formalism for cosmological models that present an interaction between a fermionic and a scalar field. Cosmological exact solutions describing universes filled with interacting dark energy and dark matter have been obtained. Viable cosmological solutions with an early period of decelerated expansion followed by late acceleration have been found, notably one which presents a dark matter component dominating in the past and a dark energy component dominating in the future. In another one, the dark energy alone is the responsible for both periods, similar to a Chaplygin gas case. Exclusively accelerating solutions have also been obtained.
Developing and Evaluating Drought Indicators for Decision-Making

AbstractDrought indicators can help to detect, assess, and reduce impacts of drought. However, existing indicators often have deficiencies that limit their effectiveness, such as statistical inconsistency, noncomparability, arbitrary metrics, and lack of historic context. Further, indicators selected for drought plans may be only marginally useful, and relatively little prior work has investigated ways to design operationally practical indicators. This study devises a generalizable approach, based on feedback from users, to develop and evaluate indicators for decision-making. This approach employs a percentile-based framework that offers clarity, consistency, and comparability among different indicators, drought levels, time periods, and spatial scales. In addition, it characterizes the evolution of droughts and quantifies their severity, duration, and frequency. User preferences are incorporated into the framework’s parameters, which include percentile thresholds for drought onset and recovery, severity .
Uncooperative Spacecraft Pose Estimation Using an Infrared Camera During Proximity Operations

This paper presents the design of a pose estimation method for autonomous robotic proximity operations with an uncooperative target using a single infrared camera and a simple three-dimensional model of the target. Specically, the presented method makes use of the so-called SoftPOSIT algorithm to solve the model-to-image registration problem. This particular method is found to be most useful for ranges where surface features are not well resolved, that is, from approximately 30 to 500 meters. The proposed solution is validated in preliminary numerical simulations using low-resolution CAD models of Envisat and ISS that emulate IR images, and obtained results are reported and discussed.
Novel Method for Eyeglasses Detection in Frontal Face Images

—The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) endorsed the use of face recognition as main biometric characteristic for identity validation. According to ICAO directives, ISO proposed the ISO/ IEC 19794-5 standard, which speciﬁes some quality requirements for facial images. Verifying the compliance of a face image to these quality speciﬁcations requires an prior detection of eyeglasses. This paper presents a novel method for detecting glasses in frontal face images. The eyeglass lenses are connected by a piece which usually appears in the horizontal direction. The proposed method explores this idea performing a skin clustering operation followed by a horizontal edges detection. The skin detection process uses the Cr band of the YCbCr color system, which is widely used for skin detection. The performance was evaluated on the AR and FRGC databases, obtaining success rates of 98.58% and 89.33% respectively.
Document de treball 2004 / 5 : Yardstick competition and the political costs of raising taxes : An empirical analysis of Spanish municipalities Núria Bosch

We test the ‘yardstick competition’ hypothesis by looking at the effects of property tax increases both in the locality and in other comparable jurisdictions on the incumbents’ vote. In order to obtain unbiased estimates of the effects of taxes on voting, we account for national political shocks, ideological preferences of the citizenship and government traits, and we estimate the vote equation using instrumental variables. We also allow various traits of the government (ideology, coalition government, and first term government) to mediate the effects of taxes on voting. The vote equation was estimated using a large database containing nearly 3,000 Spanish municipalities and analysing three local elections (1995, 1999 and 2003). The results suggest that property tax increases, both at municipality and neighbourhood level, have a non-negligible impact on incumbent votes, and that this impact is especially high when: the government is right-wing, is a coalition, and is not in its first term.
The Solidarity Economy: An International Movement

This article describes the appearance of a solidarity economy movement in different national and continental contexts, stressing the diversity of practices within civil society at local and international level. Emerging in the last decades, these initiatives, which are both political and economic in nature, have extended and renewed the social economy, thereby offering a concrete alternative at a time of capitalist crisis. As such, the movement cannot be overlooked in the quest for a new economic model and public action.
Possibilities for Analysing Stratigraphic Data

More than 25 years after the first publication on the principles of archaeological stratigraphy by Edward Harris (Harris, 1975; www:harrismatrix) many archaeologists consider the corresponding methods of excavation, recording and analysis as a matter of course (Renfrew / Bahn 1996, 102; Roskams 2001, 110). Even in Germany, a small Harris matrix can be found on the cover of a new book on methods in archaeology (Eggert 2001). In my view there is no other appropriate way to record and analyse deeply stratified sites in urban areas. This paper presents a new computer program for Harris matrix generation which draws not only on my experiences with my first Harris program created more than ten years ago (Herzog / Scollar 1991; Herzog 1993), but provides new possibilities for data exploration and presentation. My aim is to assist the analysis and display of stratigraphic relationships in datasets of 500 contexts or more. According to the MAP 2 standard established by English Heritage in 1991, for small projects, i.e. ones with less than 500 stratigraphic units, the Harris matrix is created manually (Watson 2000, 152). Personally, even in the case of 200 or 300 contexts, a special program for Harris matrix design is helpful, but with more than 500 stratigraphic units, such a program becomes mandatory, in order to maintain control of the data set. Some of the currently available computer programs for Harris matrix generation are based on a graph editor (Ryan 1995; www:gnet; www:ArchEd), where the user may position the boxes manually. When the matrix covers about 100 sheets of letter paper, a graph editor is uncomfortable, because it is very difficult to obtain an overview for the whole matrix, even on a big computer screen. The insertion of a new stratigraphic unit may demand a change of the positions of nearly all the other contexts in the diagram, so graph editor assisted layout can be very tedious or errors may not be detected. Therefore, it is the purpose of my program to lay out the Harris matrix automatically taking all the available chronological information into account. In addition, a database to record all relevant data for each stratigraphic unit is combined with powerful checking and exploration tools.
Probabilistic Population Coding in Convolutional Neural Networks

Computers are very practical in our everyday life and sometimes also fundamental for our work: they can store all our holidays pictures, solve quickly complex systems of equations and simulate the outcomes of experiments that cannot be executed in the real world. Computers, however, are not quite as good as we are when it comes to tell a joke, recognize a person or playing computer games. In fact, the ability to perform cognitive tasks and to process complex sensory stimuli is still a human brain exclusive. The surprising skills that we owe to our brain have inspired fields like Computational Neuroscience, Machine Learning and AI. Computational neuroscientists are trying to gain a better understanding of the brain via mathematical modelling of its functions. Machine Learning and AI specialists aim to create machines able to perform accurately on those tasks where only humans excel. A common denominator in these fields are Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), computational models (loosely) inspired by the biology of the brain. Especially in visual tasks, like object classification, ANNs became very useful and popular: on one hand because they are able to (broadly) predict and match neuronal patterns in the visual cortex [4], [5], [13], on the other because they reach human accuracy in performance [25]. Unfortunately, each of these two properties does not imply the other. In fact, there can be ANNs resembling our brain firing patterns without solving the task and, conversely, neural networks exceeding human performance but not very informative about the brain. In this work we want to examine the population code of a state of the art ANN for computer vision. At first we test the robustness of the network against Poisson noise. Successively, we test the Efficient Coding hypothesis on the inner activations of the network by finding sparse representations and analyzing their characteristics
Turbulent transport coefficients in spherical wedge dynamo simulations of solar-like stars

We investigate dynamo action in global compressible solar-like convective dynamos in the framework of mean-field theory. We simulate a solar-type star in a wedge-shaped spherical shell, where the interplay between convection and rotation self-consistently drives a large-scale dynamo. To analyze the dynamo mechanism we apply the test-field method for azimuthally ($\phi$) averaged fields to determine the 27 turbulent transport coefficients of the electromotive force, of which six are related to the $\alpha$ tensor. This method has previously been used either in simulations in Cartesian coordinates or in the geodynamo context and is applied here for the first time to fully compressible simulations of solar-like dynamos. We find that the $\phi\phi$-component of the $\alpha$ tensor does not follow the profile expected from that of kinetic helicity. The turbulent pumping velocities significantly alter the effective mean flows acting on the magnetic field and therefore challenge the flux transport dynamo concept. All coefficients are significantly affected by dynamically important magnetic fields. Quenching as well as enhancement are being observed. This leads to a modulation of the coefficients with the activity cycle. The temporal variations are found to be comparable to the time-averaged values and seem to be responsible for a nonlinear feedback on the magnetic field generation. Furthermore, we quantify the validity of the Parker-Yoshimura rule for the equatorward propagation of the mean magnetic field in the present case.