Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach for Predicting the Malware Attacks

Malware means malicious software. Detecting malware over a system is malware analysis. It consists of two parts static analysis and dynamic analysis. Static analysis includes analyzing a suspicious file and dynamic analysis means observing a file during its process time. In this paper, we have proposed a framework for malware analysis based on semi automated malware detection usually machine learning which is based on dynamic malware detection . The framework shows the quality of experience (QoE) to maintain the efficiency tradeoffs and uses the method of classification. The samples of malware also shows that the framework create a strong detection method.
Low-dose statin pretreatment improves function and prognosis of recurrent ischemic stroke patients

Background: Statins are effective in improving the prognosis of stroke patients. In clinical practice, low-dose statins are often administered to stroke patients in Asian countries but their effects on the prognosis of recurrent ischemic stroke patients are still unclear. Methods: Data of consecutive recurrent ischemic stroke patients were prospectively collected. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of admission and discharge and the modified Rankin scale (mRs) of 90 days after stroke onset were adopted to evaluate primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included the subgroup analysis. Results: Among 219 patients (mean age 65.41 ± 11.58 years), 150 (68.5%) were male. The low-dose statin group had a higher percentage of milder stroke at admission (p < 0.001) and discharge (p < 0.001), and favorable functional outcome at 90 days (p < 0.001). Univariable regression analysis showed that the use of low-dose statins was inversely associated with higher discharge NIHSS [odds ratio (OR) = 0.36, p = 0.009] and higher mRs at 90 days (OR = 0.230, p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that low-dose statins also had a significantly inverse association with higher mRs at 90 days (OR = 0.098, p = 0.049). According to subgroup analysis, a significant effect was found in the good-persistency subgroup (NIHSS score at discharge: OR = 0.051, p = 0.004; mRs score at 3 months: OR = 0.053, p = 0.005), but not in the poor-persistency subgroup. Conclusion: Low-dose statin pretreatment alleviated stroke severity and improved functional outcomes of recurrent stroke patients.
Fast inversion of magnetic field maps of unidirectional planar geological magnetization

Scanning magnetic microscopes are being increasingly utilized in paleomagnetic studies of geological samples. These instruments typically map a single component of the sample's magnetic field at close proximity with submillimeter horizontal spatial resolution. However, in most applications, an image of the magnetization distribution within the sample is desired rather than its external magnetic field. This requires carefully solving an ill‐posed inverse problem to obtain solutions that are nearly free of artifacts and consistent with both natural and laboratory magnetization processes. We present a new, fast inversion technique based on classic methods developed for the Fourier domain that retrieves planar unidirectional magnetization distributions from magnetic field maps. Whereas our approach considers the subtle peculiarities of scanning magnetic microscopy which otherwise can complicate this technique, much of the formalism and algorithms described in this work can also be directly applied to province‐scale magnetic field data from aeromagnetic surveys and may be used as an initial step in the modeling of magnetic sources with complex three‐dimensional geometries. We discuss sources of inaccuracy observed in practical implementations of the technique and present strategies to improve the quality of inversions. Numerous examples of inversion of both synthetic and experimental data demonstrate the performance of the technique under different conditions. In particular, we retrieve magnetization distributions of a Hawaiian basalt and compare it to inversions calculated in a previous work. We conclude by showing a reconstructed magnetization for the eucrite meteorite ALHA81001 that displays in high resolution the spatial distribution of high‐coercivity grains within the sample.
Characterization of the prolate-headed lactococcal bacteriophage ØvML3: location of the lysin gene and its DNA homology with other prolate-headed phages

Summary: OvML3 is a virulent prolate-headed bacteriophage that attacks a genetically well-studied strain family including Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains 712, C2 and ML3. A restriction map was constructed for OvML3 using a wide variety of restriction endonucleases. The DNA was highly refractory to in vitro restriction; this is a common feature of lytic lactococcal phages. Genome size was estimated as 23 kb, which is similar to the sizes of other phages of the same morphological group. The presence of heat-dissociable DNA fragments was noted in gel electrophoresis of restriction enzyme digests. Cohesive ends were confirmed by pretreating the DNA with T4 ligase, which rendered the composite fragment insensitive to heat. The phage OvML3 genome thus consists of linear and non-permuted double-stranded DNA with complementary cohesive ends. The lysin gene from this phage acts as a specific lysis agent against the lactic streptococci. This gene has been cloned and sequenced previously. Further specific subcloning of EcoRV fragments of OvML3 DNA has located the lysin gene in the central region of the genome, orientated from right to left. This location was confirmed by hybridization of a lysin gene probe to OvML3 DNA. The lysin gene probe showed homology to a number of other prolate-headed phages including P001. The lysin gene of P001 was shown to be located in the central region of its genome. However, the isometric phage P107 did not hybridize, in spite of encoding its own lysin gene.
The Growing Impact of US Monetary Policy on Emerging Financial Markets: Evidence from India

Much research has been devoted to studying the international spillover effects of US monetary policy. However, a lot of the focus has been on the recent unconventional monetary policies undertaken by the Federal Reserve. Combining high frequency financial market data with a time-varying parameter approach we show that US monetary policy decisions have had significant effects on the Indian stock markets well before the use of unconventional policy tools and that these effects have gotten stronger over time. In addition to the conventional channel of surprise changes in the policy rate, we find that US monetary shocks are also transmitted through an uncertainty channel, which is especially important for announcements about large scale asset purchases (quantitative easing). Using firm level stock prices, we also show that the higher sensitivity of the aggregate response is uniform across the stock market and is not driven by the increased exposure of any specific industry to US monetary policy. Instead, our results suggest that it is driven by the portfolio decisions of foreign institutional investors and the exchange rate becoming more sensitive to US monetary policy.
Epigenetic biomarkers and preterm birth

Abstract Preterm birth (PTB) is a major public health challenge, and novel, sensitive approaches to predict PTB are still evolving. Epigenomic markers are being explored as biomarkers of PTB because of their molecular stability compared to gene expression. This approach is also relatively new compared to gene-based diagnostics, which relies on mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms. The fundamental principle of epigenome diagnostics is that epigenetic reprogramming in the target tissue (e.g. placental tissue) might be captured by more accessible surrogate tissue (e.g. blood) using biochemical epigenome assays on circulating DNA that incorporate methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and/or chromatin accessibility. Epigenomic-based biomarkers may hold great potential for early identification of the majority of PTBs that are not associated with genetic variants or mutations. In this review, we discuss recent advances made in the development of epigenome assays focusing on its potential exploration for association and prediction of PTB. We also summarize population-level cohort studies conducted in the USA and globally that provide opportunities for genetic and epigenetic marker development for PTB. In addition, we summarize publicly available epigenome resources and published PTB studies. We particularly focus on ongoing genome-wide DNA methylation and epigenome-wide association studies. Finally, we review the limitations of current research, the importance of establishing a comprehensive biobank, and possible directions for future studies in identifying effective epigenome biomarkers to enhance health outcomes for pregnant women at risk of PTB and their infants.
User-Centered Design Competency Model in the Field

Public sector services are going through an extensive digital reformation, which intends to improve the quality of these services. A user-centered design (UCD) approach and skills are required if citizens are involved in the public services’ production. In this paper we present a study in which we utilized the UCD Competency Model. The data for the study was collected in interviews with key informants from three exemplary public digital service projects. We used Critical Discourse Analysis methodology to reveal interviewees’ explicit opinions and underlying assumptions about different aspects of UCD and required competencies among stakeholder groups. Our results indicate that public servants have favorable ethos and willingness to invest on UCD. Still, there is a need to reconsider the citizens’ role as genuine participants, and norms that guide public service production. The study served as validation of the UCD Competency model, proving it applicable in the field as a thoughtprovoking trigger of change.
TaintDroid

Today's smartphone operating systems frequently fail to provide users with adequate control over and visibility into how third-party applications use their privacy-sensitive data. We address these shortcomings with TaintDroid, an efficient, systemwide dynamic taint tracking and analysis system capable of simultaneously tracking multiple sources of sensitive data. TaintDroid provides real-time analysis by leveraging Android's virtualized execution environment. Using TaintDroid to monitor the behavior of 30 popular third-party Android applications, we found 68 instances of misappropriation of users' location and device identification information across 20 applications. Monitoring sensitive data with TaintDroid provides informed use of third-party applications for phone users and valuable input for smartphone security service firms seeking to identify misbehaving applications.
DJ 1 represses glycolysis and cell proliferation by transcriptionally upregulating pink 1

DJ1 is a multifunctional protein whose mutations cause autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease (PD). DJ1 loss of function disrupts mitochondrial function, but the signaling pathway whereby it interferes with energy metabolism is unknown. Here, we found that mouse embryonic fibroblasts obtained from DJ1-null (dj1-/-) mice showed higher glycolytic rate than those from wild type DJ1 (dj1+/+). This effect could be counteracted by the expression of the full-length cDNA encoding the wild type DJ1, but not its DJ1-L166P mutant form associated with PD. Loss of DJ1 increased hypoxiainducible factor-1α (Hif1α) protein abundance and cell proliferation. To understand the molecular mechanism responsible for these effects, we focused on PTEN-induced protein kinase-1 (Pink1), a PD-associated protein whose loss was recently reported to up-regulate glucose metabolism and to sustain cell proliferation (Requejo-Aguilar, Lopez-Fabuel, Fernandez, Martins, Almeida and Bolaños, 2014, Nature Communications 5, 4514). Noticeably, we found that the alterations in glycolysis, HIF1α and proliferation of DJ1-deficient cells were abrogated by the expression of Pink1. Moreover, we found that loss of DJ1 decreased pink1 mRNA and Pink1 protein levels, and that DJ1, by binding with Foxo3a transcription factor, directly interacted with pink1 promoter stimulating its transcriptional activity. These results indicate that DJ1 regulates cell metabolism and proliferation through Pink1.
Can disclosure regulation impede innovation

I investigate whether mandating transparent patent disclosure fosters or harms incentives to innovate. While transparent patent disclosure reveals proprietary information to competitors and reduces a firm’s lead time and competitive advantage, the firm stands to benefit from knowledge spill-ins from competitors either through reduced uncertainty or improved efficiency. I exploit the implementation of the American Inventors Protection Act (“AIPA”) in 2001, which accelerates the dissemination of patent information, as a shock to the transparency of patent disclosure. The results suggest the AIPA reduces firm incentives to innovate. I find that firms devote fewer resources to R&D after the law change and that smaller firms reduce R&D intensity more than large firms. Furthermore, smaller firms produce fewer patents per dollar of R&D stock and receive fewer forward patent citations than large firms even as large firms experience an increase in R&D profitability and market share. These findings imply that the largest firms benefit from transparency while smaller firms are harmed. Results are robust to a variety of alternatives and do not appear to be driven by the dot com bubble. Taken together, my evidence supports concerns raised by critics of the AIPA and informs academics interested in the role of patent disclosure and the real effects of disclosure regulation. I gratefully acknowledge the support and advice from my dissertation committee: Shuping Chen (Chair), Dain Donelson, Cesare Fracassi (Finance), Ross Jennings and Yong Yu. I appreciate helpful comments from Nick Guest, Nick Hallman, Steve Kachelmeier, Lisa Koonce, John McInnis, Lil Mills, Jaime Schmidt, Sara Toynbee and Brady Williams. Discussions with the USPTO; David Schell, a patent preparer at Thermo Fisher Scientific; and data providers at IFI Claims have also been helpful. I thank Jeremy Bentley for help with Python programming. I am grateful for support from the McCombs School of Business, a Deloitte Foundation Doctoral Fellowship and a University Graduate Continuing Fellowship.
Restoring glucose uptake rescues neutrophil dysfunction and protects against systemic fungal infection in mouse models of kidney disease

Metabolic reprogramming with a GSK3β inhibitor corrects neutrophil dysfunction and improves antifungal function in mouse models of kidney disease. Uremia undermines antifungal immunity Systemic fungal infections are more prevalent and difficult to treat in patients with kidney disease. Jawale et al. set out to discern the mechanisms responsible for this enhanced risk and identify a way to mitigate disseminated fungal infections in kidney disease. Using multiple mouse models of kidney disease, they observed that uremia specifically conferred enhanced susceptibility to Candida albicans, which is typically controlled by neutrophils. Uremia blunted reactive oxygen species generation by neutrophils through glucose uptake perturbation. Accordingly, neutrophils isolated from patients with kidney disease were more capable of controlling fungal growth in vitro after dialysis. GSK3β inhibition restored the defect in mice or in human neutrophils and represents a potential intervention for patients with chronic kidney disease. Disseminated candidiasis caused by the fungus Candida albicans is a major clinical problem in individuals with kidney disease and accompanying uremia; disseminated candidiasis fatality is twice as common in patients with uremia as those with normal kidney function. Many antifungal drugs are nephrotoxic, making treatment of these patients particularly challenging. The underlying basis for this impaired capacity to control infections in uremic individuals is poorly understood. Here, we show in multiple models that uremic mice exhibit an increased susceptibility to systemic fungal infection. Uremia inhibits Glut1-mediated uptake of glucose in neutrophils by causing aberrant activation of GSK3β, resulting in reduced ROS generation and hence impaired killing of C. albicans in mice. Consequently, pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β restored glucose uptake and rescued ROS production and candidacidal function of neutrophils in uremic mice. Similarly, neutrophils isolated from patients with kidney disease and undergoing hemodialysis showed similar defect in the fungal killing activity, a phenotype rescued in the presence of a GSK3β inhibitor. These findings reveal a mechanism of neutrophil dysfunction during uremia and suggest a potentially translatable therapeutic avenue for treatment of disseminated candidiasis.
Heterogeneous Integration of GaN and BCD Technologies

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are solid-state devices that are highly energy efficient, fast switching, have a small form factor, and can emit a specific wavelength of light. The ability to precisely control the wavelength of light emitted with the fabrication process enables LEDs to not only provide illumination, but also find applications in biology and life science research. To enable the new generation of LED devices, methods to improve the energy efficiency for possible battery operation and integration level for miniaturized lighting devices should be explored. This paper presents the first case of the heterogeneous integration of gallium nitride (GaN) power devices, both GaN LED and GaN transistor, with bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCD) circuits that can achieve this. To validate this concept, an LED driver was designed, implemented and verified experimentally. It features an output electrical power of 1.36 W and compact size of 2.4 × 4.4 mm2. The designed fully integrated LED lighting device emits visible light at a wavelength of approximately 454 nm and can therefore be adopted for biology research and life science applications.
Z2Pack: Numerical Implementation of Hybrid Wannier Centers for Identifying Topological Materials

The intense theoretical and experimental interest in topological insulators and semimetals has established band structure topology as a fundamental material property. Consequently, identifying band topologies has become an important, but often challenging, problem, with no exhaustive solution at the present time. In this work we compile a series of techniques, some previously known, that allow for a solution to this problem for a large set of the possible band topologies. The method is based on tracking hybrid Wannier charge centers computed for relevant Bloch states, and it works at all levels of materials modeling: continuous k . p models, tight-binding models, and ab initio calculations. We apply the method to compute and identify Chern, Z(2), and crystalline topological insulators, as well as topological semimetal phases, using real material examples. Moreover, we provide a numerical implementation of this technique (the Z2Pack software package) that is ideally suited for high-throughput screening of materials databases for compounds with nontrivial topologies. We expect that our work will allow researchers to (a) identify topological materials optimal for experimental probes, (b) classify existing compounds, and (c) reveal materials that host novel, not yet described, topological states.
The Effect of Immigrant Peers in Vocational Schools

This paper provides new evidence on how the presence of immigrant peers in the classroom affects native student achievement. The analysis is based on longitudinal administrative data on two cohorts of vocational training students in Italy’s largest region. Vocational training institutions provide the ideal setting for studying these effects because they attract not only disproportionately high shares of immigrants but also the lowest ability native students. We adopt a value added model, and exploit within-school variation both within and across cohorts for identification. Our results show small negative average effects on maths test scores that are larger for low ability native students, strongly non-linear and only observable in classes with a high (top 20%) immigrant concentration. These outcomes are driven by classes with a high average linguistic distance between immigrants and natives, with no apparent role played by ethnic diversity.
Matching Rules

Institutions often utilize matching rules to facilitate the achievement of cooperative outcomes. Yet, in some situations the equilibrium induced by a matching rule may not be socially optimal. After presenting the case in which matching rules yield privately and socially optimal levels of cooperation, this paper identifies the conditions under which they would instead generate inefficient cooperation. Two groups of cases are presented. In one group matching rules undershoot (i.e., the parties cooperate less than is socially optimal). In the other, more puzzling case, matching rules overshoot (i.e., the parties that interact under a matching constraint are induced to cooperate more than is socially optimal). This paper identifies the conditions for such occurrences. The paper then examines the ability of a matching rule to induce a socially optimal level of cooperation, where a social optimum requires equal levels of effort by the two parties, and identifies situations where matching rules fail to induce such an optimum.
Do Good Governance Provisions Shelter Investors from Contagion? Evidence from the Russian Crisis

This paper studies how the Russian crisis of 1998 affected listed firms in transition economies. The data cover 417 companies that were listed before the Russian crisis, and include financial, industry, ownership, and stock market information. Results show that stock returns were lower for firms competing with imports from Russia, for firms exporting products to Russia, for more levered firms, for firms without a foreign blockholder, and for firms operating in countries with poor legal shareholder protection. The paper presents evidence that both firm- and country-level characteristics are important in overcoming the effects of a crisis. Firm-specific characteristics, however, play a bigger role for companies operating in countries with weaker corporate governance. The data show that, for most of the firm characteristics, more exposed companies in countries with better investor protection perform at least as good as or better than less exposed firms in countries with weaker investor protection.
Credit constraints, off-farm participation and productivity; case of Kenyan rural sector

Credit constraints among smallholder farmers remain one of the impediments to the much-needed increase in agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Applying the direct elicitation approach and using representative data from rural Kenya, we identify credit constrained farmers and assess the effect of being constrained on maize yields. Access to credit affects various variables that affect maize yields, although we do not find significant yield differences. Participation in group activities, access to financial and extension services, more education increases the likelihood of being credit unconstrained. Similarly, participating in off-farm activities reduces the likelihood of being credit constrained. Hence, policies that facilitate human capital development, such as households education, access to information, or engagement in off-farm activities- either self-employment or salaried employment, are relevant. Acknowledgement : The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and wish to thank internal reviewers at Tegemeo Institute for their valuable time and comments that greatly helped improve this work. We are also grateful to other staff at Tegemeo Institute for their comments, suggestions, and support.