Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of cytoplasmic viscosity of hundreds of single tumour cells based on micropipette aspiration

Cytoplasmic viscosity (μc) is a key biomechanical parameter for evaluating the status of cellular cytoskeletons. Previous studies focused on white blood cells, but the data of cytoplasmic viscosity for tumour cells were missing. Tumour cells (H1299, A549 and drug-treated H1299 with compromised cytoskeletons) were aspirated continuously through a micropipette at a pressure of −10 or −5 kPa where aspiration lengths as a function of time were obtained and translated to cytoplasmic viscosity based on a theoretical Newtonian fluid model. Quartile coefficients of dispersion were quantified to evaluate the distributions of cytoplasmic viscosity within the same cell type while neural network-based pattern recognitions were used to classify different cell types based on cytoplasmic viscosity. The single-cell cytoplasmic viscosity with three quartiles and the quartile coefficient of dispersion were quantified as 16.7 Pa s, 42.1 Pa s, 110.3 Pa s and 74% for H1299 cells at −10 kPa (ncell = 652); 144.8 Pa s, 489.8 Pa s, 1390.7 Pa s, and 81% for A549 cells at −10 kPa (ncell = 785); 7.1 Pa s, 13.7 Pa s, 31.5 Pa s, and 63% for CD-treated H1299 cells at −10 kPa (ncell = 651); and 16.9 Pa s, 48.2 Pa s, 150.2 Pa s, and 80% for H1299 cells at −5 kPa (ncell = 600), respectively. Neural network-based pattern recognition produced successful classification rates of 76.7% for H1299 versus A549, 67.0% for H1299 versus drug-treated H1299 and 50.3% for H1299 at −5 and −10 kPa. Variations of cytoplasmic viscosity were observed within the same cell type and among different cell types, suggesting the potential role of cytoplasmic viscosity in cell status evaluation and cell type classification.
Lateral Image Degradation in Terrestrial Laser Scanning

The use of aerial laser scanning to detect change in infrastructure and buildings after major disasters has become increasingly common in recent years to help prioritize interventions. More recent efforts are being invested to apply laser scanning in the assessment and structural health monitoring of buildings to simplify and quicken building damage surveys by the automatic detection of defects and deformations. Technology application must, however, be done in cognizance of equipment constraints regarding scan angle, sampling size, and beam width. This article reports a series of laboratory and field experiments designed to begin to quantify and minimise the possible errors for effective defect detection via terrestrial laser scanning during surveying. Varying geometric positions that cause either over- or under-prediction of crack thickness and length as a function of both standoff distance and angle of obliquity between the scanner and the defect are presented. These may over-predict horizontal crack thickness by 15 mm and fail to detect others. To help minimise such errors, a standoff distance of 12–15 m, with a maximum obliquity of 45° between the scanner and target object is recommended.
Optimal Monitoring Network and Ground-Water–Pollution Source Identification

A methodology combining an optimal ground-water–quality monitoring network design and an optimal source-identification model is presented. In the first step of the three-step methodology, an embedded nonlinear optimization model is utilized for preliminary identification of pollutant sources (magnitude, location, and duration of activity) based on observed concentration data from arbitrarily located existing wells. The second step utilizes these preliminary identification results and a simulation optimization approach to design an optimal monitoring network that can be implemented in the subsequent time periods. In the third step, the observed concentration data at the designed monitoring well locations are utilized for more accurate identification of the pollutant sources. The design of the monitoring network can be dynamic in nature, with sequential installation of monitoring wells during subsequent time periods. The monitoring network can be implemented in stages, in order to utilize the updated information in the form of observed concentration data from a time-varying (dynamic) network. The performance evaluation of the proposed methodology demonstrates the potential applicability of this methodology and shows significant improvement in the identification of unknown ground-water–pollution sources with limited observation data.
Sub-pixel algorithms on linear-array detector grating spectrometer

The spectrum of Gauss apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is analyzed by using transfer matrix method, and the basic principles of sub-pixel curve fitting algorithms including mass center, Gauss and full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) are discussed. Based on this, simulation and experimental results are given to compare the three curve fitting algorithms. The results reveal that in simulation, mass center fitting method with an accuracy of 13pm while in experiment, FWHM fitting method with an accuracy of 23pm provides a better match to the actual curve. The research achievements have been applied on the prototype of linear-array detector grating spectrometer and have potential market in portable FBG interrogation field.
A Current‐to‐Frequency Converter for Astronomical Photometry

A simple current‐to‐frequency converter has been developed which works directly with photomultiplier currents. It has full scale input current ranges of 3×10−10 to 3×10−6 A. The feedback pulse is a square pulse that is clocked on and off by a continuously running oscillator. Drift in the oscillator frequency is compensated if the oscillator also serves as the time base of the counter used to count the pulses. With oscillator frequencies up to and including 20 kHz the linearity is 0.01% or better and the drift less than 0.01% of full scale per hour.
Flexible pressure sensor on polymeric materials

In this work we investigate the use of polymer materials as a basis for fabrication of a novel type of pressure sensors for use in medical diagnostics. Experience with solid-state micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors has proved them to provide a number of desirable characteristics in sensory applications, including miniaturization and low production cost. However, owing to their rigidity, and bio-incompatibility, the solid-state sensors are not ideally suited for applications in biomedical implants and in-vivo diagnostics. They often require extra encapsulation protection, and thus diminishing their sensitivity and selectivity. Polymeric materials such as polyimide have been for a number of years utilized to manufacture flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) and membrane switches used in computer keyboards. Related work on polymer electronics has shown feasible the fabrication of micro sensors using polymer materials. In this paper we show that combining the polymer thick-film (PTF) technology with the MEMS micromachining process yields a workable platform for the realization of a flexible sensor for pressure measurements. We will show simulation results that establish the validity of the model and which will confirm the promise that these devices hold for future biomedical instrumentations. Recent sensor research by another group demonstrated a multi-model tactile sensor which consists of hardness, temperature, and thermal conductivity sensing features, all combined and built on a polymer substrate [1] and [2]. Advantages of using polymer materials include flexibility, biocompatibility, robust characteristics, reduced fabrication complexity and reduced production costs, as well as the use of environmentally friendly manufacturing.
Studies on the Optical Measuring System for Grape Stem Diameter

This study presented a novel non-contact optical measuing method for grape stem diameter in fields. The main algorithm contained 3 steps: saperation of the stem from background, determination of the stem segment, and the computation of stem diameter. The experiments conducted in field not only validated the effectiveness, but also proved the high accuracy of the optical measuring system. And our further experimental results showed that the continuous measurement of grape stem diameter can provide periodic data for the analysis of physiological disorders in grapes.
Magnetic plucking of piezoelectric beams for frequency up-converting energy harvesters

In the field of energy harvesting from low-frequency random excitation, a technique known as piezoelectric beam plucking or frequency up-conversion has seen increasing interest. This paper presents an experimentally validated model to calculate the voltage response and power output when actuating piezoelectric beams via a pair of magnets. Using magnetic coupling avoids impact on the brittle piezoceramic material. The relevant equations are derived for the piezoelectric beam, and two different approaches to include the magnetic interaction are presented and discussed. After comparing the models to experimental results, their use in predicting the response to changes in the system, e.g. using thicker magnets, and determination of the optimal load resistance and power output with regards to frequency, are investigated.
Aerodynamic Loss Penalty Produced by Film Cooling Transonic Turbine Blades

Aerodynamic loss measurements are presented for a state-of-the-art film cooled transonic gas turbine rotor blade tested in a two-dimensional cascade. A mixture of carbon dioxide and air, which correctly simulated engine coolant-to-mainstream density ratio and blowing rate, was ejected from each of five individual cooling hole rows in the aerofoil suction surface. The temperature of the coolant was equal to the cascade inlet stagnation temperature. The dependence of blade row efficiency and turning on outlet Mach number, blowing rate, and coolant-to-mainstream density ratio was investigated. Measured surface static pressure distributions were compared with time-marching predictions for both the datum aerofoil and film cooled blades. Detailed suction surface boundary layer measurements both upstream and downstream of a cooling film were compared with available differential calculation procedures. Unexpectedly, films downstream of the throat, even at blowing rates near unity, did not generate significantly higher losses compared to prethroat suction surface films on this aerofoil.
Study on Crack Detection System of PC Beam Surface

The surface of PC beam has been covered with cracks and flaws, it causes deficiencies to the safety of system. The inspection system includes inspection equipment and data off-line management. First discuss the theory of data acquisition. Then discuss the data off-line management, which include denoising, enhancement and segmentation. The denoising is based on anisotropic diffusion, which can preserve edge region of higher gradient, and smooth region of lower gradient. The enhancement is according to the characteristics of NSCT different domain, different operators are used in different subbands. The crack segmentation is based on Otsu method, which is according the convexity and concavity of histogram of detected image. The result shows that they can get good performance.
Automatic generation of planar RC Strut-and-Tie models

This paper presents a proposal for determining Strut-and-Tie models of reinforced concrete plane elements. For the purposes of analysis, a computer program was developed and a discrete topological optimization was applied, using a truss member for the design of the stress-strain state of the real member. The method can be used for the analysis of a part or a whole member and it is particularly suitable for the usage in the places of sudden changes of static and/or geometric characteristics of members. The general principle of the method is that compressed members replace concrete parts of the element (surface or volume) and tension members replace the reinforcement. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 36043: Development and application of a comprehensive approach to the design of new and safety assessment of the existing structures for seismic risk reduction in Serbia]
A Virtual Harp With Physical String Vibrations in an Augmented Reality Environment

This research provides a prototype of a computer-generated harp, using physical string vibrations with haptic feedback in an augmented reality environment. The individuals, immersed in an augmented reality environment using a head mounted display, play the virtual harp with the Phantom Omni haptic device receiving realistic interactions from the strings of the harp. Most previous musical instruments research only provides feedback in the form of visual and audio cues, but not haptic cues. The proposed project is designed to provide individuals with all three forms of cues for interacting with a computer-generated harp. This computer-generated harp is modeled as a realistic harp and includes physics for string vibrations to provide the individuals a traditional instrument-like interaction. This prototype will be applied towards interactive musical experiences and development of skills during music therapy for individuals with disabilities.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
High Linearity DC-38 GHz CMOS SPDT Switch

In this paper, we demonstrate a low-loss and high-linearity DC-38 GHz CMOS SPDT switch for 5G multi-band communications in 0.18 μm CMOS. Traveling-wave matching (CLCL network) is used for the output-port (ports 2 and 3) matching and isolation enhancement, while π-matching (CLC matching) is adopted for the input-port (port 1) matching. Positive/negative gate-bias is adopted for linearity enhancement because larger Pin (i.e., AC signal with larger negative Vin) is required to conduct the off-state series switch transistor. Negative-body bias is used for insertion-loss reduction because the off-state series switch transistor is closer to an open state. The SPDT switch achieves insertion loss of 0.4–1.4 dB, 3.6–4.3 dB, and 4.5–5.9 dB, respectively, for DC-6 GHz, 21–29 GHz, and 31–38 GHz. Moreover, the SPDT switch achieves isolation of 37.5–59.4 dB, 25.7–28.7 dB, and 24.3–25.2 dB, respectively, for DC-6 GHz, 21–29 GHz, and 31–38 GHz. At 28 GHz, the SPDT switch achieves remarkable input 1-dB compression point (IP1dB) of 25.6 dBm, close to the simulated one (28 dBm). To the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the best IP1dB results ever reported for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) SPDT switches.
Application of Heuristic Genetic Algorithm for Parameters Optimization of a Solar Cell Manufacturing Process

The more rapid development of economy, the more resources demand. The developments of solar and other alternative energy are particularly urgent and important. Diffusion manufacturing processes is core process of a solar cell manufacturing process. The physical and chemical reactions with the corresponding product characteristics are non-linear. The processes cannot be amended effectively depend on engineers experiences. In order to find the optimal process parameters for the silicon solar cell diffusion process, this research proposed an approach which combines several methods: Revised Multi-objective genetic algorithms (RMOGA) and Adaptive Multi-objective genetic algorithms (AMOGA) that integrates back-propagation neural networks (BPN), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and genetic algorithms (GA) with the concept of elite sets and local search. The result of this study shows that AMOGA has the best performance to enhance the breadth and depth of the MOGA search, and also quickly convergent to the high quality and quantity optimal solutions. That provides decision-makers more diverse choices.
Left‐handed behavior in a microstrip line loaded with squared split‐ring resonators and an EBG pattern

Combining an electromagnetic band‐gap structure (EBG) and squared split‐ring resonators (SSRRs) in a planar microstrip line circuit, negative values of electric permittivity and magnetic permeability can be obtained. This phenomenon arises thanks to the negative permeability of the SSRR particles when they operate in the vicinity of their quasi‐static resonance frequency, and the negative permittivity due to the behavior of the EBG structure within the rejected frequency band. Therefore, a novel approach is presented in this article to synthesize a left‐handed media in microstrip technology. Full wave simulation results as well as measurement results from a fabricated prototype confirm the left‐handed behavior of the interaction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2689–2692, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22841
A Human Factors and Electromyographic Evaluation of Proposed Pointing Devices for Air Traffic Controllers

To ensure that the Next Generation Air Transportation System is efficient and safe, we conducted a simulation to explore the use of alternative pointing devices at en route air traffic control workstations. The current en route trackball supports limited interactions. However, speed, accuracy, interaction capabilities, and ergonomic issues of different pointing devices must be assessed to determine their effect on performance and musculoskeletal strain. Participants controlled simulated traffic with the current trackball, alternative trackball, hand-shake mouse, and a three button wheel-mouse. We collected surveys and recorded performance, behavior, and muscle activity data. Participants preferred the mouse and current trackball to the other devices. The air traffic measures we evaluated did not differ across any of the devices and there were no physiological indications that any of the devices had the potential to cause injury. The mouse was associated with greater pointing accuracy and speed than other devices. Based on these findings, we recommend using a mouse in future en route air traffic control systems.
Analytical Models for Distributed Grounding Systems

Simple lumped-parameter circuit models for distributed grounding systems have been developed from the truncation of theoretical solutions. The simplest model utilizes two time constants; one for relatively short times and one for relatively long times. The variation of soil conductivity and permittivity with frequency is estimated and taken into account in the determination of the time constants. Estimating curves for the time constants are developed from experience in matching the experimental results of Kawai. Some practical applications of the circuit models are shown in comparing the indicial impedances of different grounding arrangements. The results confirm the fact that, for high resistivity soils, a combination of a concentrated, high-capacitance ground at the tower with a distributed, high-conductance ground of suitable length is superior to either system alone or to a continuous counterpoise.
Driver cognitive distraction detection: Feature estimation and implementation

Abstract This article focuses on monitoring a driver's cognitive impairment due to talking to passengers or on a mobile phone, daydreaming, or just thinking about other than driving-related matters. This paper describes an investigation of cognitive distraction, firstly, giving an overall idea of its effects on the driver and, secondly, discussing the practical implementation of an algorithm for detection of cognitive distraction using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The evaluation data have been gathered by recruiting 12 professional drivers to drive for approximately 45 min in various environments and inducing cognitive tasks, i.e. arithmetic calculations. According to the prior knowledge and the experimental analysis, gaze, head and lane-keeping variances over a 15 s time window were selected indicative features. The SVM classifier's performance was optimized through exhaustive parameter tuning. The executed tests show that the cognitive workload can be detected with approximately 65-80 per cent confidence despite the fact that the test material represented medium-difficulty cognitive tasks (i.e. the induced workload was not very high). Thus, it could be assumed that a more challenging cognitive task would yield better detection results.
Sinusoidal frequency doubler and full-wave rectifier based on translinear current-controlled current conveyors

A circuit design technique that employs translinear current-controlled current conveyors as active circuit elements to design a sinusoidal frequency doubling and full-wave rectifying circuit is proposed. The circuit can realize the sinusoidal frequency doubler and full-wave rectifier without changing the circuit configuration. The proposed frequency doubling and rectifying action is exploited from the translinear characteristic of the current conveyor. Simulation and experimental results are given to confirm the theoretical predictions.
Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Carbon-Hemp Laminated Composites Used as Thermal Insulation for Different Industrial Applications

Carbon-hemp composite laminate provides good thermal properties. For this reason this type of material is presently being used for various applications like insulator for airplanes, spaceships, nuclear reactors, and so forth. Unfortunately their mechanical properties are less studied. These characteristics are very important since they should be guaranteed also for important mechanical stress in addition to the thermal one. The present paper presents a study regarding the impact testing of some hybrid composite laminate panels based on polyester resin reinforced with both carbon and hemp fabric. The effects of different impact speeds on the mechanical behavior of these panels have been analyzed. The paper lays stress on the characterization of this hybrid composite laminate regarding the impact behavior of these panels by dropping a weight with low velocity.
Electoral Shocks

This book offers a novel perspective on British elections, focusing on the importance of increasing electoral volatility in British elections, and the role of electoral shocks in the context of increasing volatility. It demonstrates how shocks have contributed to the level of electoral volatility, and also which parties have benefited from the ensuing volatility. It follows in the tradition of British Election Study books, providing a comprehensive account of specific election outcomes—the General Elections of 2015 and 2017—and a more general approach to understanding electoral change.We examine five electoral shocks that affected the elections of 2015 and 2017: the rise in EU immigration after 2004, particularly from Eastern Europe; the Global Financial Crisis prior to 2010; the coalition government of the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats between 2010 and 2015; the Scottish Independence Referendum in 2014; and the European Union Referendum in 2016.Our focus on electoral shocks offers an overarching explanation for the volatility in British elections, alongside the long-term trends that have led us to this point. It offers a way to understand the rise and fall of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Labour’s disappointing 2015 performance and its later unexpected gains, the collapse in support for the Liberal Democrats, the dramatic gains of the Scottish National Party (SNP) in 2015, and the continuing period of tumultuous politics that has followed the EU Referendum and the General Election of 2017. It provides a new way of understanding electoral choice in Britain, and beyond, and a better understanding of the outcomes of recent elections.