Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating relative abundance and habitat use of Himalayan Blue Sheep Pseudois nayaur in Gangotri National Park, Western Himalaya, India

Himalayan Blue sheep Psedois nayaur is the most abundant wild ungulate in the Gangotri National Park in Western Himalaya, India. We conducted surveys from April 2008 - November 2008, to estimate relative abundance, population structure and habitat use of the in Gangotri Nacional Park, Uttarakhand, India. We used 11 hill trails to estimate abundance parameters in Gangotri National Park. Sampling area ranges from an altitude of 2,600 - 5,000 m a.s. l. in Gangotri and Nilang valley of Gangotri National Park. We recoeded a total of 120 groups (1,184 individuals) with an average encounter rate (individuals/km, SE ±) of 9.07 (SE ± 1.65), across three seasons viz, spring, summer and autumn. Blue sheep group sizes ranged individuals and the average group size was 9.87 (SE ± 1.24). We classified 302 males, and 137 yawns (<2 years) also with 227 unidentified individuals (19%) during the study period. Blue sheep observed largely using grassland habitats and smooth undulating slopes of medium steepness (41°-50° (39.17%) and 31°-40° (31.66%", largely on southerly aspect elevation range 00,000-4,000 m most frequently in all seasons. When not in broken landforms, the blue sheep maintained proximity ? 170m) to such features suggesting their importance as escape covers from predators. Blue sheep in Gangotri valley appeared to be habituated to human presence, as many of the groups were found ro be unmindful of me movement of large number of pilgrims during April-October, a religious practice chat has been going on for centuries. Livestock grazing, large tourism activities, poaching, developmental activities and military activities and military activities have been identified as threats for the conservation and management of blue sheep populations in the protected area.
Feature Selection for Detecting Fast Attack in Network Intrusion Detection

Over the last decade, networks have grown in both size and importance especially in exchange data and carry out transactions. They have also become the main mean to attack host. The popularity of intrusion tools and attack scripts are the main contributors of the attacks inside the network.These information gathering techniques can be divided into two categories which are fast attack and slow attack.
Change in UK construction: Moving toward supply chain collaboration

Abstract The traditional adversarial relationship in the construction industry has been criticized by a larger number of researchers and practitioners. Following the success of the supply chain collaboration in other industry sectors, such as manufacturing, supply chain relationships in UK construction have been increasingly changing from the traditional adversarial to the collaborative, which is supported by a series of government reports for the industry reform. However, few empirical studies have been conducted to investigate the current status of supply chain relationships in a systematic way. Therefore, there is no clear understanding of how change has taken place in today's practice and whether or not the change is balanced. To bridge the gap, a questionnaire survey is carried out in the UK construction industry. Based on the analysis of more than 100 responses, it is found that the UK construction industry as a whole has experienced an important change and moved toward supply chain collaboration. O.
Astrophysical dust formation under the influence of temperature fluctuations. A general stochastic a

Context. Dust formation, i.e. the condensation of solid particles from a gas phase, occurs in astrophysical environments that are sufficiently cool and offer a sufficiently high density of condensable species. Since many astrophysical systems in which dust forms have turbulent features and the dust formation rates depend significantly on temperature, we investigate the influence of temperature fluctuations on dust condensation in dust-driven AGB winds. Aims. We present an approach for the time-dependent stochastic description of astrophysical dust formation and apply this in developing a fast algorithm, which is well suited for implementation into numerical models of dynamical AGB winds. The influence of the fluctuations on the dynamical structure is then investigated for a large sample of wind parameters. Methods. We employ a mathematical method, which describes the dust formation under the influence of random temperature fluctuations as a stochastic process. A system of Fokker-Planck equations for the one-point distribution function of the conjoint temporal development of temperature and dust results. Gas-box studies of this system have led us to a simplified microturbulent description for the implementation into time-dependent numerical wind models. Results. A method for the investigation of temperature fluctuations on dust formation is presented, which can be adapted to a variety of astrophysical situations. For dust-driven AGB winds, a microturbulent description turns out to be admissible. In AGB winds, rms-temperature fluctuations of 20–60 K can result in increased mass loss rates of 10–30% depending on the details of the physical model assumptions. Conclusions. The presented method for the treatment of temperature fluctuations with respect to dust formation has been succesfully applied to dynamical AGB winds. We suggest how to apply the method to other astrophysical systems. The influence of the fluctuations on the dynamics of dust-driven AGB winds is remarkable, but not overwhelming.
Perception Analysis of Desktop and Mobile Service Website

The research was conducted as a qualitative study of the website to deeper explore and examine the analysis of user perception of desktop and mobile website services. This research reviewed about user perception of desktop and mobile service website used by using qualitative methods adapted to WebQual and User Experience approach. This qualitative research refered to the theoretical reference written by Creswell (2014). The expected outcome is to know the user perceptions of the available services and information in the website along with the possibility of desktop and mobile gap arising from differences in the two services. These results can be used as a service model on the website of the user experience.
The art of color : the subjective experience and objective rationale of color

Color Physics. Color Agent and Color Effect. Concord of Colors. Subjective Timbre. Theory of Color Design. The 12-hue Color Circle. The Seven Color Contrasts. Hue. Light-Dark. Cold-Warm. Complementary. Simultaneous. Saturation. Extension. Color Mixing. Color Sphere and Color Star. Color Harmony and Variations. Form and Color. Spatial Effect of Colors. Theory of Color Impression. Theory of Color Expression. Composition. Postscript. Sources.
The Contours and Depth of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy under Goodluck Jonathan

Foreign policy is an essential and important part of any government. Inevitably, the manner a country relates with the outside world will always be a topic of interest, both domestically and internationally. President Jonathan has ruled Nigeria for almost six years and in that time, has tried to make his imprint on Nigeria’s foreign policy. This paper examines just how much he has managed to do that, his achievements and shortcomings, and also makes some comparison between his foreign policies and past governments were appropriate
Local and infinitesimal rigidity of simply connected negatively curved manifols

Let $(X, g_0)$ be a simply connected, complete, negatively curved Riemannian manifold. We prove local and infinitesimal rigidity results for compactly supported deformations of the metric $g_0$. For any negatively curved metric $g$ equal to $g_0$ outside a compact, the identity map of $X$ induces a natural boundary map between the boundaries at infinity of $X$ with respect to $g_0$ and $g$. We show that if $(g_t)$ is a smooth 1-parameter family of negatively curved metrics all equal to $g_0$ outside a fixed compact then if all the boundary maps (between the boundaries of $X$ with respect to $g_0$ and $g_t$) are Moebius then the metrics $g_t$ are all isometric to $g_0$. We also show that given a compact $K$ in $X$, there is a neighbourhood of $g_0$ in the $C^{2,\alpha}$ topology such that for any negatively curved metric $g$ in this neighbourhood which is equal to $g_0$ outside $K$, if the boundary map is Moebius and the $g_0$ and $g$ volumes of $K$ agree then $g$ is isometric to $g_0$.
Tree population and above-ground biomass changes in two disturbed tropical dry evergreen forests of peninsular India.

Changes in tree species diversity, stand density and above ground biomass (AGB) were investigated in two tropical dry evergreen forests (Kuzhanthaikuppam - KK and Thirumanikkuzhi - TM) of peninsular India by recensusing all trees (≥10 cm girth at breast height) after 10-year interval (1995-2005). In 10 years, tree diversity decreased by 7.7% in site KK and 15% in TM. Tree density declined by 10.5% in KK, but increased by 17.5% in TM. During the 10-year interval, basal area in site KK marginally increased by 2.3% and in TM it decreased by 6.8%. Two species were added, 4 species were lost and 22 species survived in site KK, while in site TM, just one species was added, 5 species were lost and 21 species survived. Changes in the abundance of individual tree species after 10 years revealed a considerable variation. Overall, Memecylon umbellatum, a shade-tolerant, understory species suffered the highest density loss (135 stems ha -1 ). During the census interval (1995 to 2005), the total AGB increased by 2% in KK and 11.52% in TM. There was no significant variation in the AGB across various tree girth classes between 1995 and 2005. The total AGB for lower girth class (<20 cm dbh) decreased by 2.28% in site KK and gained by 27.4% in site TM. The observed changes in stem density, basal area and total AGB can be attributed to cumulative effect of site quality and human activities. Quantitative analysis of tree population changes is a key factor for predicting and understanding present status of tropical forests.
The study of related factors with self-care and self-efficacy in heart failure patients

Background & Aim: Heart failure is a chronic disease that requires selfcare behaviors until the end of life. Therefore, identifying these behaviors and encouraging the patient to participate and have the responsibility for doing them rightly, will lead to control of the disease complications. This study is designed to investigate related factors with self-care and self-efficacy in patients with heart failure.
Electrical and thermal applications of carbon nanotube films

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have fascinating mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, all of which significantly depend on structural properties such as nanotube length, number of walls, lattice defect densities, impurities and surface functional groups. A number of different applications of carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated during the past two decades including electrical interconnects, transistors, heating and cooling devices, sensors and various actuators. However, further studies on the structure-dependent properties and innovative handling techniques of these materials are needed in order to explore the limitations of use and to be able fully to exploit the advantageous properties of such one-dimensional sp2 hybridized carbon nanomaterials. In this thesis, random networks of single-wall and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs, respectively) and aligned films of multi-walled carbon nanotubes are studied in the context of three main application fields: gas sensing, electrical interconnects/electrodes and thermal cooling elements. Analyses of associated material properties and some feasible integration techniques are discussed. Single-wall and multi-walled carbon nanotube films cast from aqueous dispersions are shown to be selective nitric oxide sensing components in Taguchi-type sensor devices, in which films based on SWCNTs outperformed those made of MWCNTs. The thickness dependent electrical conduction mechanism of inkjet-printed SWCNT films is also discussed. Robust aligned MWCNT films are demonstrated as soft electrical contact brushes in DC motors and in other moving electrical contacts. The thermal properties of freestanding aligned MWCNT forests are analyzed and shown to be potential alternatives to copper or aluminium in the thermal management of electrical components.
METRIC THEOREM AND HAUSDORFF DIMENSION ON RECURRENCE RATE OF LAURENT SERIES

Abstract. We show that the recurrence rates of Laurent series aboutcontinued fractions almost surely coincide with their pointwise dimensionsof the Haar measure. Moreover, let E α,β be the set of points with lowerand upper recurrence rates α, β (0 ≤ α ≤ β ≤ ∞), we prove that all thesets E α,β are of full Hausdorﬀ dimension. Then the recurrence sets E α,β have constant multifractal spectra. 1. IntroductionLet F q be a ﬁnite ﬁeld of q elements and F q (z −1 )denote the ﬁeld ofall formal Laurent series with coeﬃcients in F q , and F q [z] denote the ring ofpolynomials with coeﬃcients in F q . For each x =P ∞n=n 0 c n z −n ∈ F q (z −1 )with n 0 ∈ Z, denote[x] =X 0n=n 0 c n z −n ∈ F q [z],which is called the integer part of x, and the order of x is deﬁned as v(x) =−deg(x) = inf{n ∈ Z : c n 6= 0 }. Deﬁne a non-Archimedean valuation onF q (z −1 )as kxk = q −v(x) for all x ∈ F q (z −1 ). The ﬁeld F q (z −1 )islocally compact and complete under the metric ρ(x,x ′ ) = kx −x ′ k.Remark 1.1. Since the valuation k·k is non-Archimedean, it follows that if twodiscs intersect, then one contains the other.Let I denote the valuation ideal of F
On the Impulsive Motion of Flat Plate in a Generalized Second Grade Fluid

We investigate the effect of a transverse magnetic field on the unsteady flow of a generalized second grade fluid through a porous medium past an infinite flat plate. Using fractional partial differential equations, we are able to describe the velocity and stress fields of the flow. We also obtain exact analytic solutions of these differential equations in terms of the Fox’s H-function
CORAL RECRUITMENT ON REEF BALLTM MODULES AT THE BENETE BAY, SUMBAWA ISLAND, INDONESIA

Reef BallTM structure is a popular artificial reef module that has been invested in many countries. Publication on its efficacy in promoting coral recruitment however remains lack of study or publication. This present study was aimed to examine the pattern of coral recruitment on reef ball structure at the Benete Bay of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Thirty reef-balls (dome shape; 0.90 cm height, 1.20 cm diameter) were monitored after three years of deployment. The results of this study showed that nearly all coral colonies grew on the outer vertical surface and upper side of the reef balls. The recruit number varied a lot between 1-76 colonies per module. Most recruits were belonged to the Family Acroporidae, which contributed approximately 76 percent to the whole recruitment (640 colonies). Branching acroporiid was the most abundant colonies (55%). Pocilloporidae and Faviidae both contributed approximately nine percent to the total recruitment, while Poritidae contributed about three percent. Other coral families only had <1% contribution. The diameter of coral colonies which were growing on the reef balls varied between 5-290 mm. The number of recruit on the ball was very low at 10 meter depth (1-5 colonies per ball) that was likely to be affected by sedimentation. This study showed that reef ball module can be effectively used as a method in rehabilitating damaged coral reefs, and developing a proto-reef.
Operation control of fluids pumping in curved pipes during annular flow: a numerical evaluation

To generate projects which provide significant volume recovery from heavy oils reservoirs and improve existing projects, is important to develop new production and transport technologies, especially in the scenario of offshore fields. The core-flow technique is one of new technologies used in heavy oil transportation. This core-flow pattern is characterized by a water pellicle that is formed close or adjacent to the inner wall of the pipe, functioning as a lubricant. The oil flows in the center of the pipe causing a reduction in longitudinal pressure drop. In this sense, this work presents a numerical study of heavy oil annular flow (core-flow) assisted by computational tool ANSYS CFX® Release 12.0. It was used a three-dimensional, transient and isothermal mathematical model considered by the mixture and turbulence - models to address the water-heavy oil two-phase flow, assuming laminar flow for oil phase and turbulent flow for water phase. Results of the pressure, velocity and volume fraction distributio.
On Automatic Metric Radio Map Generation for the Purpose of WiFi Navigation

We present a novel method of fast and reliable data gathering for the purpose of location services based on radio signal strength services such as WiFi location/ navigation. Our method combines the acquisition of location and mapping based on computer vision methods with WiFi signal strength stochastic data gathering. The output of the method is threefold: 3D metric space model, 2D floor plan map and metric map of stochastic radio signal strength. The binding of location data with radio data is done completely automatically, without any human intervention. The advantage of our solution lies also in a significant speed-up and density increase of Radio Map generation which opens new markets for WiFi navigation services. We have proved that presented solution produces a map allowing location in office space
Gene flow and genetic structure of the aquatic macrophyte Sparganium emersum in a linear unidirectional river

SUMMARY 1. River systems offer special environments for the dispersal of aquatic plants because of the unidirectional (downstream) flow and linear arrangement of suitable habitats. 2. To examine the effect of this flow on microevolutionary processes in the unbranched bur-reed (Sparganium emersum) we studied the genetic variation within and among nine (sub)populations along a 103 km stretch of the Niers River (Germany‐The Netherlands), using amplified fragment length polymorphisms. 3. Genetic diversity in S. emersum populations increased significantly downstream, suggesting an effect of flow on the pattern of intrapopulation genetic diversity. 4. Gene flow in the Niers River is asymmetrically bidirectional, with gene flow being approximately 3.5 times higher in a downstream direction. The observed asymmetry is probably caused by frequent hydrochoric dispersal towards downstream locations on the one hand, and sporadic zoochoric dispersal in an upstream direction on the other. The spread of vegetative propagules (leaf and stem fragments) is probably not an important mode of dispersal for S. emersum, suggesting that gene flow is mainly via seed dispersal. Realized dispersal distances exceeded 60 km, revealing a potential for long-distance dispersal in S. emersum. 5. There was no correlation between geographical and genetic distances among the nine S. emersum populations (i.e. no isolation by distance), which may be due to the occurrence of long-distance dispersal and⁄or colonization and extinction dynamics in the Niers River. 6. Overall, the genetic population structure and regional dispersal patterns of S. emersum in the Niers River are best explained by a linear metapopulation model. Our study shows that flow can exert a strong influence on population genetic processes of plants inhabiting stream systems.
Managing IT Service Releases in a Systematic Way: A Case Study Approach

Release management is responsible for planning, scheduling and controlling the deployment of releases to test and live environments. In many IT service provider organizations, the IT service release management is a very actual improvement target. Process frameworks, such as IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL), are often used as a basis of the process improvement. The research problem of this study is: How IT service releases can be managed in a systematic way? The main contribution of this paper is to present results of a case study with a Nordic IT service provider organization. Keywords—IT service; release management; process
The Stellar Halo of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 1560

We report on the detection of a stellar halo around NGC 1560, a 109 M⊙ spiral galaxy member of the Maffei group. We obtained deep images in the r- and i-bands using the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias in a field centered at ∼3.7 arcmin (projected distance of 3.5 kpc) from the center of this galaxy. The luminosity function and the color–magnitude diagram show a clear excess of stars with respect to the expected foreground level at magnitudes fainter than the red giant branch tip at the distance of NGC 1560. The colors of the halo stars imply a metallicity of Z ∼ Z⊙/50, while their counts correspond to a stellar mass of ∼107 M⊙ in the sampled region. Assuming a power-law profile for the surface mass density of the halo, our data suggest a total stellar mass of 108 M⊙ for the halo of NGC 1560.
The importance of dust in cooling and heating the InterGalactic Medium

Recent observations at low and high redshift seem to confirm the presence of dust in the InterGalactic Medium (IGM) and especially in the IntraCluster Medium (ICM), at very low abundances. We have studied the impact of this dust on the IGM conditions, in terms of heating and cooling. Firstly we have described the dust emission by an analytical model, and we have proved that the dust IR emission can be considered as the dominant cooling agent of the ICM, when the temperature is greater than $T=10^{7}~\mathrm{K}$ and the dust-to-gas mass ratio exceeds a value of $Z_{\rm d} = 2\times 10^{-5}$. This cooling process is more efficient for small grains, and fills the gap between the cooling by free-free emission at $T > 10^{8}~\mathrm{K}$ and other cooling processes such as recombination, collisional ionisation and collisional excitation at $T < 10^{5}~\mathrm{K}$. Secondly, when the UV Background is strong enough, $J_{\rm UV}(\nu) \ge 10^{-22} \left( \nu / (13.6~\mathrm{eV}) \right)^{-1} ~\mathrm{erg\, s^{-1}\, cm^{-2}\,sr^{-1}\,Hz^{-1}}$, and the temperature is low enough, $T_{\mathrm{e}} \le 10^{5}~\mathrm{K}$, dust grains become an efficient heating agent of the IGM. Moreover these two opposite processes due to dust have opposite impact on the IGM at different scales: the cooling should be dominant at large scale (in the ICM), whereas the heating is efficient at small scale (near quasars or star formation regions). The issue of the dust replenishment of the IGM is also considered, taking into account the process of galactic dust ejection and intergalactic dust production. The recent observations of an intergalactic star population and the estimate of the reionisation (pop III stars) at $z=12{-}20$, both point toward dust pollution of the IGM early in the cosmic history, with possible important consequences for the evolution scenarii of the Universe.
Does the Number of Interlocking Directors Influence a Firm’s Financial Performance? An Exploratory Meta-Analysis

Many scholars suggest when a firm is connected to other firms by interlocking directors, its financial performance should improve. However, some scholars suggest that when directors have other commitments, this could reduce their abilities to monitor or help their companies. As expected, extant empirical studies have produced mixed results of the relationship. An exploratory meta-analysis of 10 samples (n = 12,519) provided little evidence of a systematic estimate of interlocking directors/ financial performance relationship. Thus, this initial meta-analysis suggests that a mere count of interlocking directors may not have an influence on a firms financial performance.