Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uniform bound on the number of partitions for optimal configurations of the Ohta–Kawasaki energy in 3D

Abstract We study a 3D ternary system which combines an interface energy with a long-range interaction term. Several such systems were derived as a sharp-interface limit of the Nakazawa–Ohta density functional theory of triblock copolymers. Both the binary case in 2D and 3D, and the ternary case in 2D, are quite well understood, whereas very little is known about the ternary case in 3D. In particular, it is even unclear whether minimizers are made of finitely many components. In this paper, we provide a positive answer to this, by proving that the number of components in a minimizer is bounded from above by a computable quantity depending only on the total masses and the interaction coefficients. There are two key difficulties, namely, the impossibility to decouple the long-range interaction from the perimeter term, and the absence of a quantitative isoperimetric inequality with two mass constraints in 3D. Therefore, the actual shape of minimizers is unknown, even for small masses, making the construction of suitable competing configurations significantly more delicate.
Graph Neural Network for Video Relocalization

In this paper, we focus on video relocalization task, which uses a query video clip as input to retrieve a semantic relative video clip in another untrimmed long video. we find that in video relocalization datasets, there exists a phenomenon showing that there does not exist consistent relationship between feature similarity by frame and feature similarity by video, which affects the feature fusion among frames. However, existing video relocalization methods do not fully consider it. Taking this phenomenon into account, in this article, we treat video features as a graph by concatenating the query video feature and proposal video feature along time dimension, where each timestep is treated as a node, each row of the feature matrix is treated as feature of each node. Then, with the power of graph neural networks, we propose a Multi-Graph Feature Fusion Module to fuse the relation feature of this graph. After evaluating our method on ActivityNet v1.2 dataset and Thumos14 dataset, we find that our proposed method outperforms the state of art methods.
Behavior of FWER in Normal Distributions

Familywise error rate (FWER) has been a cornerstone in simultaneous inference for decades, and the classical Bonferroni method has been one of the most prominent frequentist approaches for controlling FWER. The present article studies the behavior of the FWER for Bonferroni procedure in a multiple testing problem. We establish upper bounds on FWER for Bonferroni method under the equicorrelated and general normal setups in nonasymptotic case.
Optimal Estimation of the Number of Network Communities

Abstract In network analysis, how to estimate the number of communities K is a fundamental problem. We consider a broad setting where we allow severe degree heterogeneity and a wide range of sparsity levels, and propose Stepwise Goodness of Fit (StGoF) as a new approach. This is a stepwise algorithm, where for , we alternately use a community detection step and a goodness of fit (GoF) step. We adapt SCORE Jin for community detection, and propose a new GoF metric. We show that at step m, the GoF metric diverges to in probability for all m < K and converges to N(0, 1) if m = K. This gives rise to a consistent estimate for K. Also, we discover the right way to define the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for our problem and show that consistent estimates for K do not exist if , and StGoF is uniformly consistent for K if . Therefore, StGoF achieves the optimal phase transition. Similar stepwise methods are known to face analytical challenges. We overcome the challenges by using a different stepwise scheme in StGoF and by deriving sharp results that are not available before. The key to our analysis is to show that SCORE has the Nonsplitting Property (NSP). Primarily due to a nontractable rotation of eigenvectors dictated by the Davis–Kahan theorem, the NSP is nontrivial to prove and requires new techniques we develop. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Comparative analysis of anthropometric indicators for diagnosing obesity and predicting cardiometabolic risk in Mexican adolescents.

INTRODUCTION obesity is a cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factor in adolescents. It represents a public health problem that requires simple diagnostic strategies based on the determination of anthropometric indicators (AIs) such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), conicity index (CONI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body fat percentage (BFP). The purpose of the current contribution was to analyze the utility of the aforementioned AIs for evaluating obesity as a CMR factor in Mexican adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS the design of the study is descriptive and cross-sectional. Nutritional status was established by using various AIs and as a CMR factor under the criteria of WHtR. Participating in the present investigation were 2,000 adolescents from 15 to 17 years of age, of which 1,079 (53.9 %) were female and 921 (46.1 %) were male. All were high school students in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION the prevalence of obesity was influenced by gender. With the WHtR and BFP, male students exhibited a greater prevalence of obesity, while with the BMI and CONI, the percentage of obesity was similar between the two genders. BMI was significantly correlated with BFP, WC and WHtR, and was one of the AIs with the greatest area under the curve, showing a good capacity to predict cardiometabolic risk. BMI is a simple and adequate tool for diagnosing obesity and predicting CMR in adolescents.
Virtual reality for improving pain and pain-related symptoms in patients with advanced stage colorectal cancer: A pilot trial to test feasibility and acceptability

Abstract Objective Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to improve pain and pain-related symptoms. We examined the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and impact of a 30-min virtual underwater/sea environment (VR Blue) for reducing pain and pain-related symptoms in advanced colorectal cancer patients. A qualitative exit interview was conducted to understand preferences, thoughts, and feelings about the VR session. Method Participants (N = 20) had stage IV colorectal cancer and moderate-to-severe pain. Participants completed a 30-min VR Blue session that visually and aurally immersed them in virtual ocean scenarios. Feasibility was assessed by accrual (N = 20), protocol adherence (≥80% completing VR Blue), and completed data (≥80% assessment completion). Acceptability was determined by patients reporting ≥80% intervention satisfaction. Safety was determined by ≥80% of patients completing the session without self-reported side effects. Measures of pain, tension, relaxation, stress, anxiety, and mood were collected before, during, and after the VR Blue session. A semi-structured qualitative interview was conducted after VR Blue to assess participants’ VR experiences. Results All participants (100%) completed the VR Blue session. There was 100% data collection at the pre- and post-assessments. Satisfaction with VR Blue was high M = 3.3 (SD = 0.4) (83%). No significant side effects were reported. Pain decreased by 59% (Pre-M = 3 [1]; Post-M = 1 [1]). Tension decreased by 74% (Pre-M = 30 [24]; Post-M = 8 [13]). Relaxation improved by 38% (Pre-M = 62 [21]); Post-M = 86 [17]). Stress decreased by 68% (Pre-M = 24 [24]; Post-M = 8 [14]). Anxiety decreased by 65% (Pre-M = 20 [23]; Post-M = 7 [13]). Mood improved by 70% (Pre-M = 13 [16]; Post-M = 4 [11]). Qualitative data suggested a positive response to the VR Blue protocol. Significance of results This work supports the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of VR Blue for advanced colorectal cancer patients. Participants showed significant pre-post improvement in pain and pain-related symptoms hinting to the potential feasibility of VR interventions in this population. Larger, randomized trials with a control condition are needed to examine the efficacy of VR-based interventions for patients with advanced colorectal cancer and pain.
Black phosphorus nanoparticles for dual therapy of non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in humans. Gefitinib is an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) commonly used to suppress tumour growth. However, constantly use of gefitinib results in drug-resistance, reduced efficacy and undesired side effects. To circumvent these drawbacks, targeted and photothermal therapies have emerged as effective strategies. Herein, we are first to adopt a black phosphorus (BP) nanoparticle-based novel delivering strategy by combining gefitinib and cancer cytomembrane to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In these gefitinib-containing nano-carriers, cyanine 5 (Cy5) biotin-labelled BP was incorporated with cancer membrane and then consists of a nanomaterial (BPGM), which enabled to deliver gefitinib to the tumours effectively. The combination of BPGM showed reinforcing effects to suppress NSCLC cells and xenograft tumours without apparent adverse effects both in vitro and in vivo. BPGM facilitated the delivery of gefitinib to tumour tissue and extended its retention time within tumours. These studies thus suggest that BP may serve as novel delivery strategy for lung cancer.
Sex and age moderate the trajectory of guilt among children and adolescents with and without recent suicidal ideation

ABSTRACT We aimed to examine whether the trajectories of ecologically derived guilt differ among a transdiagnostic sample of youth with and without recent suicidal ideation and whether sex and age moderated this association. We assessed guilt 3 times a day over a 2-week period via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) technology in 102 children recruited from the community, outpatient, and inpatient settings. The average age of children was 10.95 y.o. (SD = 2.26, range 8–16) and the majority were male (54.9%) and White (76.5%). We found that the real-world guilt during a two-week EMA period was higher among youth with greater suicidal ideation severity in the past six months. Moreover, there was a significant moderating effect of sex and age on this association, such that the association between suicidal ideation severity and guilt was particularly strong among females compared to males and youth who were 10 years old or older. The findings were maintained when we adjusted for the relevant demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, minority status, parental income, EMA response rate, and current internalising symptoms. These preliminary findings highlight the clinical relevance of assessing and targeting feelings of guilt in the day-to-day lives of youth, particularly for females and older youth.
Do Options Matter? Settling Behavior, Stylet Sheath Counts, and Oviposition of Aster Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Two-Choice Bioassays

Abstract Polyphagous insects are characterized by a broad diet comprising plant species from different taxonomic groups. Within these insects, migratory species are of particular interest, given that they encounter unpredictable environments, with abrupt spatial and temporal changes in plant availability and density. Aster leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes) arrive in the Canadian Prairies in spring and early summer and are the main vector of a prokaryotic plant pathogen known as Aster Yellows Phytoplasma (AYp) (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris). Host choice selection behavior of Aster leafhoppers was evaluated through two-choice bioassays, using domesticated and wild plants species commonly found in the Canadian Prairies. Leaf tissues from these plants were collected and stained to quantify the number of stylet sheaths and eggs. To assess possible effects due to insect infection, two-choice bioassays were repeated using leafhoppers infected with AYp and a subset of plant species. When two domesticated or wild plant species were presented together, similar numbers of uninfected Aster leafhoppers were observed on both plant species in most combinations. In domesticated–wild plant bioassays, uninfected Aster leafhoppers preferred to settle on the domesticated species. There was little to no association between settling preferences and stylet sheath and egg counts. These findings provide a better understanding of AY epidemiology and suggest that after domesticated species germination, leafhoppers could move from nearby wild plants into the preferred cereals (Poales: Poaceae) to settle on them, influencing the risk of AYp infection in some of these species.
Cross-α/β polymorphism of PSMα3 fibrils

Significance Phenol soluble modulins (PSMs) are an important class of peptides secreted by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The toxicity to human cells and unique ability of one such peptide, PSMα3, to aggregate into an α-helical amyloid-like structure may hold a key to a better understanding of the virulence of dangerous pathogens such as methicillin resistant S. aureus. In reporting a detailed two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) analysis of PSMα3, we found direct evidence of multiple aggregate architectures existing in equilibrium with one another. We also discovered a unique and characteristic 2DIR spectroscopic signature that unambiguously reports on the presence of the unusual and highly cytotoxic cross-α amyloid structure. The formation of ordered cross-β amyloid protein aggregates is associated with a variety of human disorders. While conventional infrared methods serve as sensitive reporters of the presence of these amyloids, the recently discovered amyloid secondary structure of cross-α fibrils presents new questions and challenges. Herein, we report results using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy to monitor the aggregation of one such cross-α–forming peptide, phenol soluble modulin alpha 3 (PSMα3). Phenol soluble modulins (PSMs) are involved in the formation and stabilization of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, making sensitive methods of detecting and characterizing these fibrils a pressing need. Our experimental data coupled with spectroscopic simulations reveals the simultaneous presence of cross-α and cross-β polymorphs within samples of PSMα3 fibrils. We also report a new spectroscopic feature indicative of cross-α fibrils.
Wnt inhibitory 1 ameliorates neovascularization and attenuates photoreceptor injury in an oxygen‐induced retinopathy mouse model

Retinal neovascularization (RNV) associated diseases typically exhibit pathological neovascularization and neurodegeneration. Wnt inhibitor factor 1 (WIF1) is a secreted Wnt antagonist that regulates angiogenesis. However, the significance of WIF1 in RNV associated disease has not been explicitly tested. In our study, we found that the WIF1 expressions were strongly downregulated in the vitreous of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Similarly, retinal WIF1 expression was significantly downregulated in OIR mice, relative to normal mice at P17. After injection of WIF1 overexpression lentivirus into the vitreous of OIR mice, overexpressing WIF1 in OIR mice vitreous strongly reduced avascular areas and neovascular tufts, increased vessel branches, raised a‐, b‐waves and oscillatory potentials amplitudes on ERG, increased retinal thickness and the number of synapses in retina, normalized the Golgi, mitochondria, and outer segments of photoreceptors. Furthermore, overexpression WIF1 suppressed expressions of β‐catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p‐AKT and p‐ERK, reduced retinal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 4‐HNE levels, improved autophagic flux, and mitigated apoptosis. In summary, WIF1 plays a key role in alleviating angiogenesis and in improving visual function in OIR mice by suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin‐VEGF signaling pathway and ROS levels. WIF1 is an excellent candidate for targeted therapy against RNV associated diseases.
Roadmap on plasticity and epigenetics in cancer

The role of plasticity and epigenetics in shaping cancer evolution and response to therapy has taken center stage with recent technological advances including single cell sequencing. This roadmap article is focused on state-of-the-art mathematical and experimental approaches to interrogate plasticity in cancer, and addresses the following themes and questions: is there a formal overarching framework that encompasses both non-genetic plasticity and mutation-driven somatic evolution? How do we measure and model the role of the microenvironment in influencing/controlling non-genetic plasticity? How can we experimentally study non-genetic plasticity? Which mathematical techniques are required or best suited? What are the clinical and practical applications and implications of these concepts?
Influencing medication taking behaviors using automated two‐way digital communication: A narrative synthesis systematic review informed by the Behavior Change Wheel

Purpose Around half of prescribed medications for long‐term conditions are not taken as directed. Automated two‐way digital communication, such as text messaging and interactive voice response technology, could deliver interventions to improve medication adherence, and subsequently health. However, exploration of how such interventions may improve medication adherence is limited. This review aimed to explore how automated two‐way digital communication can improve medication taking with or without using non‐digital intervention components, such as phone calls with healthcare professionals. Methods A theory‐informed narrative synthesis systematic review. Several databases were searched including CINAHL, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science using key words relating to ‘medication adherence’ and digital communication technologies. The Behavior Change Technique (BCT) coding using the BCT Taxonomy V1 and the Behavior Change Wheel were used to identify BCTs delivered within the included interventions. Results A total of 3,018 records were screened with 43 study reports included in the review. Four medication‐taking behaviors: taking medication, obtaining medication, self‐testing, and asking for support were identified as targets for behavior change within the included interventions. Most BCTs within the digital communication component aimed to increase motivation for medication adherence, with non‐digital intervention components included to address other medication taking barriers, such as physical and psychological capability. Conclusion Automated two‐way digital communication can detect barriers to medication adherence by monitoring performance of the taking medication behavior. Monitoring outcomes from taking medication may increase reflective motivation to take medicines. Addressing physical opportunity to taking medication by facilitating the behavior obtaining medication may also increase adherence.
Dental hygienists’ biopsychosocial beliefs and giving autonomy support in treatment of patients: A self‐determination theory perspective

Abstract Objectives Self‐determination theory posits that managers’ autonomy‐supportive behaviour and employees’ autonomy causality orientation are motivation constructs to explain internalization of values, functioning and wellness at work. Hypothesis 1 tested whether profiles comprising perceived dental clinic managers’ autonomy‐supportive, as opposed to their controlling interpersonal style, and dental hygienists’ autonomy, as opposed to their control and impersonal, causality orientations at baseline, would be positively related to dental hygienists’ biopsychosocial (BPS) beliefs and giving autonomy support in treatment of patients after 18 months. Hypothesis 2 tested whether dental hygienists’ BPS beliefs in treatment of patients will be positively associated with their autonomy‐supportive behaviour given to patients after 18 months. Material and methods A prospective cohort design with 299 (M age = 42.71; SD age = 12.62) dental hygienists completed an online survey at baseline and after 18 months. Results Latent profile and correlational analyses supported the hypotheses. Effect sizes were moderate to large. Conclusions Both perceived managerial styles and dental hygienists’ causality orientations are important for dental hygienists’ BPS beliefs and autonomy‐supportive behaviours when working with dental patients.
Tensor Completion-Based Incomplete Multiview Clustering

Incomplete multiview clustering is a challenging problem in the domain of unsupervised learning. However, the existing incomplete multiview clustering methods only consider the similarity structure of intraview while neglecting the similarity structure of interview. Thus, they cannot take advantage of both the complementary information and spatial structure embedded in similarity matrices of different views. To this end, we complete the incomplete graph with missing data referring to tensor complete and present a novel and effective model to handel the incomplete multiview clustering task. To be specific, we consider the similarity of the interview graphs via the tensor Schatten $p$ -norm-based completion technique to make use of both the complementary information and spatial structure. Meanwhile, we employ the connectivity constraint for similarity matrices of different views such that the connected components approximately represent clusters. Thus, the learned entire graph not only has the low-rank structure but also well characterizes the relationship between unmissing data. Extensive experiments show the promising performance of the proposed method comparing with several incomplete multiview approaches in the clustering tasks.
A Joint Lateral Motion—Stereo Constraint

Purpose We developed a stereo task that is based on a motion direction discrimination to examine the role that depth can play in disambiguating motion direction. Methods In this study, we quantified normal adults’ static and dynamic (i.e., laterally moving) stereoscopic performance using a psychophysical task, where we dichoptically presented randomly arranged, limited lifetime Gabor elements at two depth planes (one plane was at the fixation plane and the other at an uncrossed disparity relative to the fixation plane). Each plane contained half of the elements. For the dynamic condition, all elements were vertically oriented and moved to the left in one plane and to the right in another plane; for the static condition, the elements were horizontally oriented in one plane and vertically oriented in another plane. Results For the range of motion speed that we measured (from 0.17°/s to 5.33°/s), we observed clear speed tuning of the stereo sensitivity (P = 3.0 × 10−5). The shape of this tuning did not significantly change with different spatial frequencies. We also found a significant difference in stereo sensitivity between stereopsis with static and laterally moving stimuli (speed = 0.67°/s; P = 0.004). Such difference was not evident when we matched the task between the static and moving stimuli. Conclusions We report that lateral motion modulates human global depth perception. This motion/stereo constraint is related to motion velocity not stimulus temporal frequency. We speculate that the processing of motion-based stereopsis of the kind reported here occurs in dorsal extrastriate cortex.