Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GATT/WTO Promotes Trade Strongly: Sample Selection and Model Specification

Some recent empirical studies examine the impact of the GATT/WTO on trade. This paper investigates the sample selection bias and the gravity model specification issues in the literature. First, the GATT/WTO not only makes existing trading partners trade more at the intensive margin, but also creates new trading relationships at the extensive margin. Most existing papers exclude zero trade observations and hence ignore the extensive margin. Secondly, due to the violation of some maintained assumptions, the traditional log-linear gravity regressions fail to uncover the role of the GATT/WTO even at the intensive margin. Using a large bilateral panel dataset including zero trade flows and a more appropriate econometric method, this paper finds that the GATT/WTO has been very effective in promoting world trade at both the intensive and extensive margins. Copyright © 2009 The Author. Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
How to Define and Measure Social Capital the Power of the Network Approach

Social capital is one of the most polysemic concepts used in contemporary social science. The aim of this paper is to identify the different strategies for defining and measuring the concept with reference to the main theoretical approaches in sociology, namely micro-, macro- and meso-sociological theories. The paper will present the main characteristics of the lexical definitions and the operationalisation of concepts of individual social capital, collective social capital and network social capital. When the different study approaches are analysed, it becomes clear that there is common reference to the more general concept of social relation, although it is reduced to an attribute of individuals in individual social capital and an attribute of collectives in collective social capital. Meso theories are the only ones that manage to preserve the intrinsic relationality of the concept of social capital throughout its operationalisation. Finally, the paper claims that it is not feasible to create any form of fusion between different strategies for defining and carrying out empirical studies on the subject of social capital, as the analysis of social context in each strategy is based on different units.
Innovation and the size of exporting firms

This paper contributes to the literature explaining firm-level heterogenenity in the extensive margin of trade, defined as the number of products exported by each firm. More specifically, we develop a model describing the dynamics of both the intensive and the extensive margin of firm exports. The former is assumed to depend on a exogenous preference shock on the demand side, whereas firms must invest in R&D to maintain and increase their portfolio of goods. This mechanism governs the extensive margin of trade. Our model predicts a lognormal distribution for the intensive margin of trade and a Pareto distribution for the number of products exported by each firm. This second result is obtained from the dynamics of firm entry and exit and of the process of product innovation by new and incumbent firms, whereby the probability to capture new products is a function of the number of varieties already exported. Finally, we show that our model is consistent with a number of empirical findings recently emerged in the empirical literature, and provides evidence based on a large dataset of French firms.
Understanding Quadruple Helix relationships of university technology commercialisation: a micro-level approach

ABSTRACT Given recent demands for more co-creational university technology commercialisation processes involving industry and end users, this paper adopts a micro-level approach to explore the challenges faced by universities when managing Quadruple Helix stakeholders within technology commercialisation processes. To explore this research question, a qualitative research methodology which relies upon comparative case analysis was adopted to explore the technology commercialisation process in two universities within a UK region. The findings revealed that university type impacts Quadruple Helix stakeholder salience and engagement and consequently university technology commercialisation activities and processes. This is important as recent European regional policy fails to account for contextual influences when promoting Quadruple Helix stakeholder relationships in co-creational university technology commercialisation.
Genetic identification of the bioanode and biocathode of a microbial electrolysis cell

The aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms present on the graphite cloth of the bioanode and biocathode of a Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) using 16S ribosomal RNA gene cloning and sequencing. The results obtained indicated that the bioanode clones were related with the phyla: Firmicutes (15.3%), Proteobacteria (7.6%), Bacteroidetes (30.7%), and Ignavibacteriae (7.6%). Conversely, the biocathode clones were related with the phylum Proteobacteria (38.4%). The bioanode clones were related with species identified previously in MECs and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). However, the biocathode clones were related with Rhodopseudomo as palustris, which have not been reported for hydrogen production by MEC. R. palustris probably should be involved into hydrogen production of 0.011 m3 H2/m cathode liquid volume per day with an applied voltage of 1 V.
Effect of Age upon Leadership Attributes from Recruitment Instrument: a Selective Developmental Trajectory

This exploratory report presents the contents of a large data-base consisting of psychometric measurement of personality-related attributes of individuals who underwent the recruitment process by completing the JobMatchTalent instrument that was developed from principles of occupational psychology. On the basis of individuals’, who applied for corporate or governmental leadership positions, responses, the correlations between applicants’ age and personal attributes was obtained. Correlational and regression analyses were used to explore differences between younger and older potential executive participants. These indicated that younger leadership applicants enjoyed an advantage with regard to: ”Focus-on-details”, ”Focus-on-order”, ”Own motivation”, ”Concentration”, ”Will-power”, ”Winner-instinct”, ”Visions-for-the-future”, whereas older leadership applicants enjoyed an advantage with regard to: ”Sphere-of-influence”, ”Tolerant attitude” and ”Trust-in-others”. The levels of stress-sensitivity, strategic focus, energy and communication, as expressed by younger and older recruitment applicants seeking executive positions, were comparable. At higher age levels, the leadership candidates expressed less focus on the tasks and less orientation towards their own ambitions but were rather more concerned with developing their staff, building relations and ‘team-spirit’.
Network--Oriented Modeling of Radiating Electromagnetic Structures

The application of network-oriented modeling for radiating electromagnetic structures is investigated. Network methods are applied to the eld problem using the segmentation technique and by specifying canonical Foster representations as compact models of reciprocal linear lossless electromagnetic structures. Connection between dierent subdomains is obtained via connection circuits exhibiting only ideal transformers. In the case of radiating structures, the complete structure is embedded into a sphere and the eld outside the sphere is expanded into orthogonal spherical TM- and TE- waves. For each radiation mode a Cauer canonic circuit representation is given.
PSR B2111+46 : a test of the inverse Compton scattering model of radio emission

The region in which pulsars radiate is very important to constrain pulsar emission mechanisms. A three-dimensional (3D) method to calculate emission heights is developed in this paper. As an example, radiation regions for different components at different frequencies have been calculated for PSR B2111+46. Emission components at seven frequencies are fitted with Gaussian components, then the radiation heights for emission components are calculated. We found that different emission components, even if at the same radio frequency, are radiated from different heights. This is probably a common phenomena and challenges any emission mechanisms. The inverse Compton scattering emission model for pulsar radio emission can explain these results well.
How entrepreneur's personality and network relationships help international new ventures to overcome constraints to rapid internationalization: the case of french firms

Firms that have both gone abroad from inception and have actively achieved a presence in lead industry markets are called international new ventures (INVs) or born-globals (BGs). The speed and international market presence lie in notably through an international network established by the entrepreneur and his or her team. Based on six in-depth case studies of young firms located in the Rhône-Alpes region of France, our study focuses on the founders' capabilities in detecting opportunities and in creating an international business network. The results clearly show that entrepreneurs build upon their skills and prior professional experience to mobilize international networks during the start-up phase in order to drive the firm's activities.
Sustained Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on Growth of Sourani Olive Trees in Kuwait

Olea europaea, a native plant of the Mediterranean region, is of great interest to agronomists worldwide, owing to its health beneficial properties and tolerance to harsh environmental conditions, along with its economic importance. The productivity and production efficiency of olive is linearly related to both the level of transpiration and the amount of water supplied. Under conditions of limited supply of good quality water for irrigation in Kuwait, deficit irrigation applied at selected phenological stages can maximize economic gains and minimize environmental damage. Moreover, mulching contributes to a significant reduction in water requirements via reducing soil water losses and increasing soil water retention. In this study, the effects of different irrigation levels, a restitution of 50%, 75% or 100% of the estimated evapotranspiration rate (ETc), and the application of mulching on plant growth under the Kuwait environmental conditions were determined to evaluate the possibilities of reducing the amounts of water supplied with irrigation. Various parameters determining the vegetative growth of the trees such as average height, stem girth and number of branches were recorded at three months intervals. Both the irrigation level and mulching were shown to possess a significant impact on growth of Sourani olive cultivar under the Kuwait environmental conditions. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the height of the trees under all the three irrigation treatments with mulch and trees under 100% ETc devoid of mulch. In contrast, a significant difference was exhibited by trees under 100% ETc with mulch and 50% ETc without mulch. Within each irrigation treatment, trees with mulch presented higher values for plant height, stem girth and number of shoots. Thus deficit irrigation of 50% ETc along with organic mulch was shown to enhance vegetative growth close to its maximum potential by conserving the scarce water resources.
On the margin effects of commercial bank expansion into securities and insurance activities under the same roof: a mathematical swap approach

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) of 1999 allows commercial bank expansion into investment banking of securities and insurance activities without limit in subsidiaries separate from commercial banks. This paper demonstrates how securities hedging, and insurance underwriting through the total return swap approach jointly determine the optimal bank interest margin under the same roof. We find that the bank's interest margin is positively related to the bank's securities hedging demand, and to the insurance underwriting provision. This suggests diversification benefits from the return to investment banking under the same roof.
1 Institutional Investors and Stock Return Anomalies

We examine institutional demand prior to well-known stock return anomalies and find that institutions have a strong tendency to buy stocks classified as overvalued (short leg of anomaly), and that these stocks have particularly negative ex post abnormal returns. Our results differ from numerous studies documenting a positive relation between institutional demand and future returns. We trace the difference to measurement horizon. We too find a positive relation at a quarterly horizon. However, the relation turns strongly negative at the one-year horizon used in anomaly studies. We consider several explanations for institutions’ tendency to trade contrary to anomaly prescriptions. Our evidence largely rules out explanations based on flow and limits-of-arbitrage, but is more consistent with agency-induced preferences for stock characteristics that relate to poor long-run performance. JEL Classification: G12; G14; G23
CALIOP near-real-time backscatter products compared to EARLINET data

Abstract. The expedited near-real-time Level 1.5 Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) version 3 products were evaluated against data from the ground-based European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET). The statistical framework and results of the three-year evaluation of 48 CALIOP overpasses with ground tracks within a 100 km distance from operating EARLINET stations are presented and include analysis for the following CALIOP classifications of aerosol type: dust, polluted dust, clean marine, clean continental, polluted continental, mixed and/or smoke/biomass burning. For the complete data set comprising both the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the free troposphere (FT) data, the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.86. When the analysis was conducted separately for the PBL and FT, the correlation coefficients were R = 0.6 and R = 0.85, respectively. From analysis of selected specific cases, it was initially thought that the presence of FT layers, with high attenuated backscatter, led to poor agreement of the PBL backscatter profiles between the CALIOP and EARLINET and prompted a further analysis to filter out such cases; however, removal of these layers did not improve the agreement as R reduced marginally from R = 0.86 to R = 0.84 for the combined PBL and FT analysis, increased marginally from R = 0.6 up to R = 0.65 for the PBL on its own, and decreased marginally from R = 0.85 to R = 0.79 for the FT analysis on its own. This suggests considerable variability, across the data set, in the spatial distribution of the aerosol over spatial scales of 100 km or less around some EARLINET stations rather than influence from elevated FT layers. For specific aerosol types, the correlation coefficient between CALIOP backscatter profiles and the EARLINET data ranged from R = 0.37 for polluted continental aerosol in the PBL to R = 0.57 for dust in the FT.
Upper Bounds on the Degeneracy of the Ground State in Quantum Field Models

Axiomatic abstract formulations are presented to derive upper bounds on the degeneracy of the ground state in quantum field models including massless ones. In particular, given is a sufficient condition under which the degeneracy of the ground state of the perturbed Hamiltonian is less than or equal to the degeneracy of the ground state of the unperturbed one. Applications of the abstract theory to models in quantum field theory are outlined.
Major Causes Of Meat Spoilage and Preservation Techniques: A Review

Meat is a nutritious, protein-rich food which is highly perishable and has a short shelf-life unless preservation methods are used. The objective of this paper is to review the mechanisms of meat spoilage and preservation techniques. Pre slaughter handling of livestock and post slaughter handling of meat play an important part in deterioration of meat quality. Some of the pre slaughter handling that influence the spoilage of meat includes; nutrition, transportation, marketing, lairaging and stunning. The main causes of meat and meat products spoilage after slaughtering and during processing and storage are; microorganisms, lipid oxidation and autolytic enzymatic spoilage. Meat preservation became necessary for transporting meat for long distances without spoiling of texture, colour and nutritional value after the development and rapid growth of super markets. Traditional methods of meat preservation includes; drying, smoking, brining and canning. Current meat preservation methods include, controlling temperature by chilling, freezing and super chilling, controlling water activity with sodium chloride and sugars, and use of different chemicals such as chlorides, nitrites, sulfides, organic acids, phenolic antoxidant and phosphates to control growth of microorganisms to prevent oxidative spoilage and to control autolytic enzymatic spoilage. Key words: Meat, Spoilage, Preservation
The Impact of Family and Job Content on Swedish Seafarers' Occupational Commitment - A Gendered Issue?

Ongoing research has indicated important effects on seafarers’ occupational commitment due to gender and family situation. In this study, these findings have been elaborated further by controlling for the effect of perceived work content. Statistical analyses were employed, using a survey material of Swedish seafarers collected from a national register in 2010. The results showed that the effect on occupational commitment of having children at home is strongly positive and statistically significant for women. However, the significance was dependent on the level of satisfaction with the job content. It was suggested that the seafaring occupation could be viewed as a coping strategy, although only appropriate if the job content is agreeable. Another important family effect was, as expected, the positive effect of having a relative working, or having worked, at sea. This effect was, however, only significant for male seafarers in the age group below the early 40’s. It was concluded that this effect is mainly emotionally driven and not particularly influenced by the actual job content. The results further showed that working in the catering department comes with a strong negative effect on commitment to the seafaring occupation for women. This effect, however, lost its significance after control for job content. It was concluded that the effect of satisfaction with job content on occupational commitment is generally important, with the exception of women, without children, working in the catering department.
Averievite: A copper oxide kagome antiferromagnet

Averievite, Cu$_5$V$_2$O$_{10}$(CsCl), is an oxide mineral composed of Cu$^{2+}$ kagome layers sandwiched by Cu$^{2+}$-V$^{5+}$ honeycomb layers. We have synthesized this oxide and investigated its properties from ab initio calculations along with susceptibility and specific heat measurements. The data indicate a Curie-Weiss temperature of 185 K as well as long-range magnetic order at 24 K due to the significant interlayer coupling from the honeycomb copper ions. This order is suppressed by substituting these coppers by isoelectronic zinc, suggesting that Zn-substituted averievite is a promising spin liquid candidate. A further proposed substitution that replaces V$^{5+}$ by Ti$^{4+}$ not only dopes the material, but is predicted to give rise to a two-dimensional electronic structure featuring Dirac crossings. As such, averievite is an attractive platform for S=1/2 kagome physics with the potential for realizing novel electronic states.
Characteristics of a tsunamigenic megasplay fault in the Nankai Trough

Slip on the shallow part of a megasplay fault that is an out‐of‐sequence thrust and branch of the main subduction plate boundary can cause devastating tsunamis after earthquakes. We analyzed the three‐dimensional geometry, including dip amount and azimuths, roughness distributions, and thickness variations, of the shallow part of a megasplay fault in the Nankai Trough using a three‐dimensional seismic data set. The fault is divided into three zones based on its geometry: thick, smooth, and simply convex in the east; complexly curved in the middle; and thin and kinked in the west. Results of scientific drilling indicate that the eastern region of the fault is most active, and local heterogeneities in fault geometry, including roughness and thickness, may control the slip on this part of the fault. The present findings can be used to evaluate the risk of future tsunamis arising from movement on shallow thrust faults at subduction margins.
Early metamorphosis is costly and avoided by young, but physiologically competent, marine larvae

Marine larvae are known to undertake diel vertical migration, and this may be affected by larval development or the ability of larvae to metamorphose (e.g. Tapia & Pineda 2007). To assess the effect of light on the position of early and advanced T. gratilla and C. rodgersii larvae in the water column, larvae were exposed to either darkness (0 μmol.m.sec) or bright light (95 – 100 × 10 μmol.m.sec, Schott KL1500 electronic light source). T. gratilla and C. rodgersii larvae were microscopically sorted into ‘early’ (rudiment, no pedicellaria) and ‘advanced’ (one or more pedicellaria) groups.
Y 4 MODERN CHARACTERISTICS Of THE ICE REGIME Of RUSSIAN ARCTIC RIVERS AND THEIR POSSIBLE CHANGES IN THE 21 ST CENTURY

Changes in rivers ice regime features and the climatic resources of the winter period were examined for the territory of Russia northward from 60° N. Datasets from 220 gauging stations for the period from 1960 to 2014 have been used in the study both with the results of numerical experiments carried out using climate models in the framework of the international project CMIP5. A change in the duration of the ice phenomena period, the ice cover period and the maximum thickness of ice on the rivers for the scenario RCP 8.5 by the end of the 21st century for a spatial grid with a distance between the nodes of 1.75x1. 75 degrees in latitude and longitude has been estimated. We elaborated series of the maps. Main features of the ice regime changes are consistent with the expected changes in the duration of the cold season and the accumulated negative air temperatures. The significant changes are expected for the rivers of the Kola Peninsula and the lower reaches of the rivers Northern Dvina and Pechora, whereas the lowest changes for the center of Eastern Siberia. KEY wORDS: river ice, climate change CITATION: Svetlana A. Agafonova, Natalia L. Frolova, Galina V. Surkova Modern characteristics of the ice regime of Russian Arctic rivers and their possible changes in the 21st century. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, Vol.10, No 4, p. 4-15 DOI-10.24057/2071-9388-2017-10-4-4-15