Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycolysis, via NADH‐dependent dimerisation of CtBPs, regulates hypoxia‐induced expression of CAIX and stem‐like breast cancer cell survival

Adaptive responses to hypoxia are mediated by the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors. These responses include the upregulation of glycolysis to maintain ATP production. This also generates acidic metabolites, which require HIF‐induced carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) for their neutralisation. C‐terminal binding proteins (CtBPs) are coregulators of gene transcription and couple glycolysis with gene transcription due to their regulation by the glycolytic coenzyme NADH. Here, we find that experimental manipulation of glycolysis and CtBP function in breast cancer cells through multiple complementary approaches supports a hypothesis whereby the expression of known HIF‐inducible genes, and CAIX in particular, adapts to available glucose in the microenvironment through a mechanism involving CtBPs. This novel pathway promotes the survival of stem cell‐like cancer (SCLC) cells in hypoxia.
Aphomia Hübner and Paralipsa Butler Species (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Galleriinae) Known to Occur in the United States and Canada

Abstract The current taxonomic status of three species of Aphomia Hübner and one species of Paralipsa Butler that occur in the United States and Canada is clarified and keys to their identification are provided. A lectotype is designated for Paralipsa decorella Hulst, which is transferred to Aphomia (n. comb.) and treated as a junior synonym of A. terrenella Zeller (n. syn.). Preliminary morphological research indicates that Aphomia fuscolimbella Ragonot does not belong in Aphomia as currently defined. Its placement is unknown. Because no specimens other than the type of A. fuscolimbella are known from the Western Hemisphere, the presumed North American origin of this species is considered unlikely. A brief discussion of biological associations is included.
Recognizing Euphemisms and Dysphemisms Using Sentiment Analysis

This paper presents the first research aimed at recognizing euphemistic and dysphemistic phrases with natural language processing. Euphemisms soften references to topics that are sensitive, disagreeable, or taboo. Conversely, dysphemisms refer to sensitive topics in a harsh or rude way. For example, “passed away” and “departed” are euphemisms for death, while “croaked” and “six feet under” are dysphemisms for death. Our work explores the use of sentiment analysis to recognize euphemistic and dysphemistic language. First, we identify near-synonym phrases for three topics (firing, lying, and stealing) using a bootstrapping algorithm for semantic lexicon induction. Next, we classify phrases as euphemistic, dysphemistic, or neutral using lexical sentiment cues and contextual sentiment analysis. We introduce a new gold standard data set and present our experimental results for this task.
Schoolteachers' traumatic experiences and responses in the context of a large-scale earthquake in China

This article investigates the traumatic experience of teachers who experienced the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan, China. A survey measuring participants' personal experiences, professional demands, and psychological responses was distributed to 241 teachers in five selected schools. Although the status of schoolteachers' trauma in a postdisaster situation has been explored in other countries, to date no comparable study has been made in China. The findings of this study address the literature gap by providing a picture of schoolteachers' personal and professional experience, their working conditions, and their coping strategies in a postdisaster situation.
Geriatric assessment domains to predict overall survival in older cancer patients: An analysis of functional status, comorbidities, and nutritional status as prognostic factors

Cancer treatments for older patients must account for heterogeneity in health and functional status. Guidelines advocate the use of geriatric assessments (GAs), but comprehensive assessments are laborious and the utility of specific GA domains remains unclear. The identification of specific domains as prognostic factors may support survival predictions and treatment decisions. We aimed to evaluate the associations between several GA domains and overall survival in older cancer patients. We linked cancer registry data and administrative claims data from cancer patients residing in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The subjects were patients aged ≥70 years who received a diagnosis of gastric, colorectal, or lung cancer between 2010 and 2014 at 36 designated cancer care hospitals. The following three GA domains were assessed at cancer diagnosis: functional status through activities of daily living (ADL), comorbidities, and nutritional status through body mass index. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for the three cancer types to estimate each domain's prognostic effect while adjusting for gender, age, and cancer stage. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all‐cause mortality were calculated. We identified 5,559, 4,746, and 4,837 patients with gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer respectively. ADL impairment (HRs: 1.39‐3.34, 1.64‐2.86, and 1.24‐3.21 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively), comorbidities (1.32‐1.58, 1.33‐1.97, and 1.19‐1.29 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively), and underweight (1.36, 1.51, and 1.54 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively) were significantly associated with poorer overall survival. In contrast, overweight was significantly associated with improved overall survival (HRs: 0.82 and 0.89 for gastric and lung cancer respectively). The addition of the three domains increased the models’ C‐statistics (0.816 to 0.836, 0.764 to 0.787, and 0.759 to 0.783 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer respectively). Incorporating these factors into initial patient evaluations during diagnosis may aid prognostic predictions and treatment strategies in geriatric oncology.
Alterations in resting cerebrovascular regulation do not affect reactivity to hypoxia, hyperoxia or neurovascular coupling following a SCUBA dive

What is the central question of this study? What are the characteristics of cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation following a single SCUBA dive to a depth of 18 m sea water with a 47 min bottom time. What is the main finding and its importance? Acute alterations in CBF regulation at rest, including extra‐cranial vasodilatation, reductions in shear patterns and elevations in intra‐cranial blood velocity were observed at rest following a single SCUBA dive. These subtle changes in CBF regulation did not translate into any functional changes in cerebrovascular reactivity to hypoxia or hyperoxia, or neurovascular coupling following a single SCUBA dive.
Fatty acid transport protein-2 (FATP2) regulates glycemic control and diabetic kidney disease progression.

Kidney disease is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes, and tubular atrophy predicts diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression to end stage renal disease. We have proposed that fatty acids bound to albumin contribute to tubular atrophy by inducing lipotoxicity, following filtration across damaged glomeruli, and subsequent proximal tubule reabsorption by a fatty acid transport protein-2 (FATP2)-dependent mechanism. To address this possibility, genetic (Leprdb/db eNOS-/-) and induced (high fat diet plus low dose streptozotocin) mouse models of obesity and DKD, were bred with global FATP2 gene (Slc27a2)-deleted mice, and then phenotyped. DKD-prone mice with the Slc27a2-/- genotype demonstrated normalization of glomerular filtration rate, reduced albuminuria, improved kidney histopathology, and longer lifespan compared to diabetic Slc27a2+/+ mice. Genetic and induced DKD-prone Slc27a2-/- mice also exhibited markedly reduced fasting plasma glucose, with mean values approaching euglycemia, despite increased obesity and decreased physical activity. Glucose lowering in DKD-prone Slc27a2-/- mice was accompanied by beta-cell hyperplasia and sustained insulin secretion. Together, our data indicate that FATP2 uniquely regulates DKD pathogenesis by a combined lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity (glucolipotoxicity) mechanism.
Complete Genome Sequence of wBp, the Wolbachia Endosymbiont of Brugia pahangi FR3

Lymphatic filariasis is a devastating disease caused by filarial nematode roundworms, which contain obligate Wolbachia endosymbionts. Here, we assembled the genome of wBp, the Wolbachia endosymbiont of the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi, from Illumina, Pacific Biosciences, and Oxford Nanopore data. The complete, circular genome is 1,072,967 bp. ABSTRACT Lymphatic filariasis is a devastating disease caused by filarial nematode roundworms, which contain obligate Wolbachia endosymbionts. Here, we assembled the genome of wBp, the Wolbachia endosymbiont of the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi, from Illumina, Pacific Biosciences, and Oxford Nanopore data. The complete, circular genome is 1,072,967 bp.
[Effect of 5-aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamics Therapy on Biofilm of Propionibacterium Acnes].

Objective To investigate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes) biofilm. Methods P.acnes biofilms were constructed on a cell slide and treated with ALA-PDT.According to different light doses,the biofilms were divided into six groups:ALA-PDT group [ALA-PDT1 (50 J/cm2),ALA-PDT2 group (100 J/cm2),ALA-PDT3 group (200 J/cm2)],ALA-only group (ALA group),light-only group (LED),and a negative control group (ALA-PDT-group). The biofilm structure and the ratio of the dead bacteria/live bacteria were observed using a laser confocal microscope (CLSM). Biofilm viability was measured using the XTT assay. Results CLSM showed that the biofilm structures of ALA group and LED group were not significantly different from that of ALA-PDT-group,whereas the biofilm structure was more seriously damaged in ALA-PDT1 group,ALA-PDT2 group,and ALA-PDT3 group than in the ALA-PDT-group.The ratios of the dead/live bacteria in ALA-PDT-group,ALA group,LED group,ALA-PDT1 group,ALA-PDT2 group,and ALA-PDT3 group were 0.350±0.033, 0.305±0.046, 0.330±0.032, 1.525±0.439, 2.293±0.148 and 3.092±0.189,respectively.ALA group(md=0.003, P=1.000)and LED group(md=-0.025, P=1.000)did not significantly differ from the ALA-PDT-group.However,the ratio of dead/live bacteria in ALA-PDT-group was significantly lower than those in ALA-PDT1 group (md=-0.162, P<0.001),ALA-PDT2 group (md=-0.254, P<0.001),and ALA-PDT3 group (md=-0.352, P<0.001). The values of the XTT assay were were 0.462±0.028,0.465±0.044,0.437±0.047,0.301±0.040,0.207±0.001,and 0.110±0.007,respectively,in ALA-PDT-group,ALA group,LED group,ALA-PDT1 group,ALA-PDT2 group,and ALA-PDT3 group.Although the values of XTT assay in ALA(md=-0.044, P=1.000)and LED groups (md=-0.020, P=1.000)did not significantly differ from that in ALA-PDT-group,it was significantly higher in ALA-PDT-group than in ALA-PDT1 group (md=1.175, P<0.001),ALA-PDT2 group (md=1.942, P<0.001),and ALA-PDT3 group (md=-0.352, md=2.742, P<0.001). Conclusions ALA-PDT has an inhibitory effect on P.acnes biofilm.ALA-PDT destroys biofilm structure and inhibits biofilm viability.
Morphology, ploidy and molecular phylogenetics reveal a new diploid species from Africa in the baobab genus Adansonia (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae)

The genus Adansonia has a disjunct geographical distribution: six species are endemic in Madagascar, one in Africa, and one in Australia. The well-known African baobab (Adansonia digitata) is an iconic tree with considerable ethnobotanical significance. In contrast to the other seven species, which are diploid, A. digitata is tetraploid. A common ancestor of A. digitata and the other diploid baobab species would be diploid; however, there are no diploid species recorded on the African mainland. Examining variation in floral and pollen characters and chromosome number in specimens from Africa identified a new diploid baobab species, Adansonia kilima sp. nov., which co-exists with A. digitata in Africa. Adansonia kilima is restricted to moderate elevations (650-1500 m), in contrast to A. digitata, which is widespread throughout Africa but prefers elevations below 800 m. Adansonia kilima is superficially similar to A. digitata, but can be differentiated on the basis of floral morphology, pollen, and chromosome number. We used two chloroplast DNA markers and the nuclear ITS to examine phylogenetic relationships within Adansonia. Three lineages were observed: one containing the Malagasy species, one containing the Australian species, and one containing the African species. The relationships between these clades were difficult to resolve, but a link between the African and Australian clades emerged when the analysis used fewer replicate samples of individual Malagasy taxa, included indel characters and included fewer outgroup taxa. The ITS phylogeny demonstrated that A. digitata and A. kilima are geneti- cally similar, suggesting that tetraploidy evolved relatively recently.
An Astrocytic Influence on Impaired Tonic Inhibition in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Although altered interneuron development and function are clearly demonstrated in RTT mice, a particular mode of inhibition, tonic inhibition, has not been carefully examined. We report here that tonic inhibition is significantly reduced in pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in mice where Mecp2 is deleted either in all cells or specifically in astrocytes. Since no change is detected in the level of GABA receptors, such a reduction in tonic inhibition is likely a result of decreased ambient GABA level in the extracellular space. Consistent with this explanation, we observed increased expression of a GABA transporter, GABA transporter 3 (GAT3), in the hippocampus of the Mecp2 KO mice, as well as a corresponding increase of GAT3 current in hippocampal astrocytes. These phenotypes are relevant to RTT because pharmacological blockage of GAT3 can normalize tonic inhibition and intrinsic excitability in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and rescue the phenotype of increased network excitability in acute hippocampal slices from the Mecp2 KO mice. Finally, chronic administration of a GAT3 antagonist improved a composite symptom score and extended lifespan in the Mecp2 KO mice. Only male mice were used in this study. These results not only advance our understanding of RTT etiology by defining a new neuronal phenotype and revealing how it can be influenced by astrocytic alterations, but also reveal potential targets for intervention. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our study reports a novel phenotype of reduced tonic inhibition in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in the Rett syndrome mice, reveal a potential mechanism of increased GABA transporter expression/activity in the neighboring astrocytes, describe a disease-relevant consequence in hyperexcitability, and provide preliminary evidence that targeting this phenotype may slow down disease progression in Rett syndrome mice. These results help our understanding of the disease etiology and identify a new therapeutic target for treating Rett syndrome.
A mobile health‐facilitated behavioural intervention for community health workers improves exclusive breastfeeding and early infant HIV diagnosis in India: a cluster randomized trial

India’s national AIDS Control Organization implemented World Health Organization’s option B+ HIV prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) guidelines in 2013. However, scalable strategies to improve uptake of new PMTCT guidelines to reduce new infection rates are needed. This study assessed impact of Mobile Health‐Facilitated Behavioral Intervention on the uptake of PMTCT services.
Protecting prone positioned patients from facial pressure ulcers using prophylactic dressings: A timely biomechanical analysis in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic

Prone positioning is used for surgical access and recently in exponentially growing numbers of coronavirus disease 2019 patients who are ventilated prone. To reduce their facial pressure ulcer risk, prophylactic dressings can be used; however, the biomechanical efficacy of this intervention has not been studied yet. We, therefore, evaluated facial soft tissue exposures to sustained mechanical loads in a prone position, with versus without multi‐layered silicone foam dressings applied as tissue protectors at the forehead and chin. We used an anatomically realistic validated finite element model of an adult male head to determine the contribution of the dressings to the alleviation of the sustained tissue loads. The application of the dressings considerably relieved the tissue exposures to loading. Specifically, with respect to the forehead, the application of a dressing resulted in 52% and 71% reductions in soft tissue exposures to effective stresses and strain energy densities, respectively. Likewise, a chin dressing lowered the soft tissue exposures to stresses and strain energy densities by 78% and 92%, respectively. While the surgical context is clear and there is a solid, relevant need for biomechanical information regarding prophylaxis for the prone positions, the projected consequences of the coronavirus pandemic make the present work more relevant than ever before.
Prevalence and strategies of energy drink, soda, processed snack, candy and restaurant product marketing on the online streaming platform Twitch

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of food and beverage marketing on Twitch.tv (Twitch), a social media platform where individuals broadcast live audiovisual material to millions of daily users. Design: Observational analysis of the prevalence of 238 food and beverage brands in five distinct categories (processed snacks; food delivery services and restaurants; candies, energy drinks/coffees/teas; and sodas and other sugar-sweetened beverages) over the course of 18 months. Setting: Twitch streamer profiles and stream titles between January 2018 and July 2019. Twitch chat room messages during July 2019. Participants: None. Results: There was a significant increase in brand exposure on Twitch both in stream titles (sodas and candies, P < 0·05) and on streamer profiles (sodas, restaurants/food delivery services, candies, and energy drinks/coffees/teas, P < 0·05) over the 18-month study period. Energy drinks, coffees and teas had the most exposure with 1·08 billion exposure hours from profiles and 83 million exposure hours from titles. Restaurants/food delivery services and sugar-sweetened beverages were the most frequently mentioned products in chat rooms with 1·24 million messages and 1·10 million messages, respectively. Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate the extent by which food and beverage brands garner millions of hours of exposure on Twitch. Future studies should evaluate the impact that this level of exposure to nutrient-poor, energy-dense products may have on behavioural and health outcomes.
Luliconazole‐loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical treatment of superficial Tinea infections

Tinea are superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes. Luliconazole exhibits highest antifungal activity against Trichophyton spp. which are major causative agents of dermatophytosis. However, luliconazole suffers from drawbacks such as less skin retention, low aqueous solubility and poor skin penetration. To overcome the limitations of luliconazole, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were formulated. NLCs are better permeation enhancers as they increase skin occlusion and hydration. The selection of various lipids and surfactants was based on the solubility of luliconazole in these components. Luliconazole NLC dispersion was prepared by hot melt emulsification technique followed by probe sonication. The dispersion was incorporated into a gel composed of Sepineo P 600 under magnetic stirring. in vitro antifungal studies were carried out with optimized luliconazole NLC gel, marketed luliconazole cream and control (luliconazole in gel base) against pathogenic Trichophyton rubrum. Ex‐vivo diffusion study demonstrated that NLCs incorporated into gel exhibited greater retention on skin. In‐vivo skin irritancy study showed no signs of erythema or edema post 24, 48, and 72 h at site of application. In comparison with marketed cream and based on the zone of inhibition diameters, NLC formulation was found to be very effective against Trichophyton rubrum.
Ecological fitting is the forerunner to diversification in a plant virus with broad host range

The evolution and diversification of ssRNA plant viruses are often examined under reductionist conditions that ignore potentially much wider biotic interactions. The host range of a plant virus is central to interactions at higher levels that are organized by both fitness and ecological criteria. Here we employ a strategy to minimize sampling biases across distinct plant communities and combine it with a high‐throughput sequencing approach to examine the influence of four habitats on the evolution of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). Local, regional and global levels of genetic diversity that correspond to spatial and temporal extents are used to infer haplotype relationships using network and phylogenetic approaches. We find that the incidence and genetic diversity of WMV were structured significantly by host species and habitat type. A single haplotype that infected 11 host species of a total of 24 showed that few constraints on host species use exist in the crop communities. When the evolution of WMV was examined at broader levels of organization, we found variation in genetic diversity and contrasting host use footprints that broadly corresponded to habitat effects. The findings demonstrated that nondeterministic ecological factors structured the genetic diversity of WMV. Habitat‐driven constraints underlie host use preferences.
Cholera outbreak in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study

Background Cholera remains a significant public health problem in more than one-third of the countries of the world. Cholera outbreak has become more common in Addis Ababa particularly in the rainy seasons; however, there is a paucity of data on risk factors associated with cholera outbreaks rendering interventions difficult. We investigated the outbreak to identify its etiology, source, risk factors and in order to control the outbreak. Methods We compared cases with health center-based unmatched controls (1:2). Cases were patients aged ≥5 years with acute watery diarrhea, with or without vomiting while controls were persons aged ≥5 years without history of acute watery diarrhea. We interviewed our study participants using structured questionnaire to collect demographic and cholera risk factors data. We described the outbreak over time, and then tested our hypotheses using unconditional logistic regression. Results The outbreak began on 7 September, 2017 reaching its peak on 23 September, 2017 and ended on 01 October, 2017. We identified a total of 25 cases (Median age: 38 years; IQR: 20 years) and recruited 50 controls (Median age: 35 years; IQR: 29 years). All case-patients had acute watery diarrhea and dehydration requiring intravenous fluids. All cases were admitted to cholera treatment center but there were no deaths. Stool and water samples yielded isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 of serological subtype Ogawa. Consumption of contaminated holy water (AOR: 20.5, 95%CI: 3.50, 119.61) and raw vegetables (AOR: 15.3, 95%CI: 3, 81.51) were independent risk factors whereas washing hands with soap after visiting latrine (AOR: 0.04, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.25) was independent protective factor. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated cholera foodborne transmission via consumption of raw vegetables, and its waterborne transmission via consumption of contaminated holy water. Washing hands with soap after visiting latrine was protective. We recommended cooking of vegetables and promoting hand washing.