Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical model of obtaining a hydrocarbon fuel based on the fischer­tropsch pathway in a stationary layer of the cobalt­based catalyst

Studying the kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch process is a rather important task, since this process is very sensitive to the temperature mode, as well as to the characteristics of the catalyst. In addition, a given process is accompanied by many side reactions that negatively affect the rate and selectivity of the reaction. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is an alternative source for obtaining high-quality fuel from coal or biomass rather than petroleum. Therefore, investigating the kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, in order to improve the selectivity and activity of catalysts, and to determine the rate constants of chemical reactions, is a relevant problem. The choice of the catalyst is one of the main factors affecting the quality and product yield for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. We fabricated two samples of cobalt catalysts for conducting the experiments. The first sample of the catalyst Со/γ-Al 2 O 3 contains cobalt nanoparticles of the same size. The second sample of the catalyst (Со)/γ-Al 2 O 3 was obtained by the method of impregnating the carrier with a solution of cobalt nitrate. The catalyst, obtained through the method of impregnation of (Со)/γ-Al 2 O 3 , demonstrated a higher activity, larger by an order of magnitude than the monodispersed catalysts. However, the monodispersed catalyst showed high selectivity for the lower hydrocarbons. In order to calculate the kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch process and to find the reaction rate constants, we developed a software module in the programming environment MS Visual Studio 2017 in the programming language C# using the . NET Framework v4.6 technologies. By using the developed program module, we calculated reaction rate constants of the Fischer-Tropsch process. After analyzing the data obtained, one can see that the relative error is within 2…3 %, demonstrating the adequacy of the proposed model to solve the inverse problem of chemical kinetics. Therefore, we can state that a given model for the calculation of rate constants could be applied to study the Fischer-Tropsch process.
Students in Dormitories Were Not Major Drivers of the Pandemic during Winter Term 2020/2021: A Cohort Study with RT-PCR and Antibody Surveillance in a German University City

The role of educational facilities, including schools and universities, in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is heavily debated. Specifically, the risk of infection in student dormitories has not been studied. This cohort study monitored students living in dormitories in Bochum, Germany, throughout the winter term of 2020/2021. Over the course of four months, participants were tested repeatedly for SARS-CoV-2 infections using RT-PCR from gargle samples and serological testing. An online questionnaire identified individual risk factors. A total of 810 (46.5% female) students participated. Of these, 590 (72.8%) students participated in the final visit. The cross-sectional antibody prevalence was n = 23 (2.8%) in November 2020 and n = 29 (4.9%) in February 2021. Of 2513 gargle samples analyzed, 19 (0.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, corresponding to 14 (2.4%) infections detected within the study period. Gargle samples available of cases with confirmed present infection were always positive. The person-time incidence rate was 112.7 (95% CI: 54.11–207.2) per 100,000 person weeks. The standardized incidence ratio was 0.9 (95% CI 0.51–1.46, p = 0.69). In conclusion, students living in student dormitories do not appear to be major drivers of SARS-CoV-2 infections. RT-PCR from gargle samples is a patient-friendly and scalable surveillance tool for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Developing Cross-Cultural Competency through Multicultural Perspective: An Exploratory Inquiry

For the past decade, schools at all grade levels in United States continue to consist of students who belong to different culture, and hence the need for culturally competent teachers to address the culturally diverse needs of the students is at its highest peak. One of the ways to impart the attributes of cultural competency to preservice teachers, who will become future teachers, to focus on culturally relevant coursework. This study was carried out via an undergraduate multicultural education course which focused on imparting cultural attitude awareness and cultural knowledge attributes of cultural competency to the students. The influence of this course on these attributes of the students was investigated through a Cultural Competence Survey. The results of this study indicate that experiential and practical aspect of multicultural education has a positive impact on increasing the cultural attitude awareness of the students. It is, hence, a focused, experiential, and practical multicultural education coursework to train culturally competent next generation of teachers.
CURCUMIN NANOPARTICLES VERSUS CURCUMIN IN AMELIORATION OF INFLAMMATORY AND PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING THE MIGRATORY PHASE OF MURINE TRICHINELLOSIS

Trichinella spiralis can cause systemic inflammatory manifestations all over the body beforehabituating their destination in the striated muscles. Its new borne larvae (NBL) most dangerousphase go via bloodstream of different organs during migration.This study explored the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of Curcumin(Cur) and Curcumin nanoparticles (Cur-Nano) on inflammatory and pathological changes occurredin different organs in murine trichinellosis during larval migratory phase.Forty (40) male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups of ten mice each. GI: miceinfected and treated with Cur, GII: mice infected and treated with Cur-Nano, GIII: infected nontreatedmice (positive control) and GIV: non-infected non-treated (negative control). Mice wereinfected orally with 200 T. spiralis larvae per mouse. GI & GII received treatment on 13th daypost infection (dpi) for 5 successive days. All mice were sacrificed on the 30th dpi. Effects of Cur& Cur-Nano were evaluated by counting T. spiralis encysted larvae in muscle by light microscope.Frozen sera (-20°C) were used for quantitative estimation of ALT, AST, TNFα, transforminggrowth factor-β (TGF-β) and Troponin (Trop). Specimens of lung, liver, brain and heartwere fixed in neutral buffered formalin for H&E and immunohistochemical staining.The results showed that number of encysted T. spiralis larvae in GI & GII was significantlyreduced compared to GIII. In both treated groups (GI & GII), there was a significant reduction inmean levels of AST, ALT, TNFα, TGF-β, & Trop. There was significant improvement of bileduct injury and proliferation, alveolar and pleural inflammation, and bronchial epithelial proliferation,as well as improvement of degenerative changes in brain and heart. The infected nontreatedgroup (GIII) showed significant overexpression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), caspase 3,glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), arginase and granzyme b, with a significant low expressionof peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) as compared to treated groups.
Nighttime image haze removal and enhancement based on improved atmospheric scattering model

In this work, we tackle the problem of nighttime image degradation caused by haze and weak illumination. We propose an improved atmospheric scattering model which can achieve single image haze removal and enhancement simultaneously. The input image firstly is decomposed into the structure layer and the texture layer based on the image total variation model. The structure layer contains the main scenes of original image including the haze and brightness, and the texture layer contains the detail and noise. In order to avoid the influence of the glow and multiple light sources on the estimation of atmospheric map, the glow layer then is stripped from the structure layer and the background layer can be calculated. Followed by performing the estimation method of atmospheric map and transmission we proposed, the structure layer can be restored according to the atmospheric scattering model. We finally fuse the restored background layer and optimized texture to obtain the haze-free and enhanced image. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed model.
Source contributions to sulfur and nitrogen deposition – an HTAP II multi-model study on hemispheric transport

Abstract. With the rising anthropogenic emissions from human activities, elevated concentrations of air pollutants have been detected in the hemispheric air flows in recent years, aggravating the regional air pollution and deposition issues. However, the regional contributions of hemispheric air flows to deposition have been given little attention in the literature. In this light, we assess the impact of hemispheric transport on sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition for six world regions: North America (NA), Europe (EU), South Asia (SA), East Asia (EA), Middle East (ME) and Russia (RU) in 2010, by using the multi-model ensemble results from the 2nd phase of the Task Force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP II) with 20 % emission perturbation experiments. About 27 %–58 %, 26 %–46 % and 12 %–23 % of local S, NOx and NH3 emissions and oxidation products are transported and removed by deposition outside of the source regions annually, with seasonal variation of 5 % more in winter and 5 % less in summer. The 20 % emission reduction in the source regions could affect 1 %–10 % of deposition in foreign continental regions and 1 %–14 % in foreign coastal regions and the open ocean. Significant influences are found from NA to the North Atlantic Ocean (2 %–14 %), and from EA to the North Pacific Ocean (4 %–10 %) and to western NA (4 %–6 %) (20 % emission reduction). The impact on deposition caused by short-distance transport between neighboring regions (i.e., from EU to RU) occurs throughout the whole year (slightly stronger in winter), while the long-range transport (i.e., from EA to NA) mainly takes place in spring and fall, which is consistent with the seasonality found for hemispheric transport of air pollutants. Deposition in the emission-intensive regions such as US, SA and EA is dominated (∼80 %) by own-region emissions, while deposition in the low-emission-intensity regions such as RU is almost equally affected by foreign exported emissions (40 %–60 %) and own-region emissions. We also find that deposition of the coastal regions or the near-coastal open ocean is twice more sensitive to hemispheric transport than the non-coastal continental regions, especially for regions in the downwind direction of emission sources (i.e., west coast of NA). This study highlights the significant impacts of hemispheric transport of air pollution on the deposition in coastal regions, the open ocean and low-emission-intensity regions. Further research is proposed to improve the ecosystem and human health, with regards to the enhanced hemispheric air flows.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Corncob-Based Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

In the present study, highly efficient catalysts based on corncob were synthesized for the esterification process. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, and FT-IR. The effect of catalyst impregnation, carbonation, and sulfonation was studied in detail. The highest conversion of oleic acid (∼94.4%) was observed using a catalyst synthesized at H3PO4 impregnation ratio = 1 and time = 5 h; carbonization temperature = 723 K and time = 8 h; sulfonation temperature = 393 K and time = 15 h. Further, the performance of the catalyst was studied for the esterification of fatty acids (FAs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) present in Karanja oil. The catalyst showed ∼90% conversion of FAs/FFAs within 2 h at 338 K using a molar ratio of 1:10 (FA to methanol)/1:20 (Karanja oil to methanol) and a catalyst loading of 10 wt %. Furthermore, the reusability test of the catalyst revealed that it can be used for 20 times in a batch reactor to give ∼90% conversion of the oleic acid.
Evaluation of sST-2 Role in LVH Regression Obtained in Hypertensive Mice Models After Blocking Renin-Angiotensin System

Soluble ST2, is a protein which acts as a decoy receptor for interleukin-33, and served as biomarker associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Few data exist in evaluating the effects of anti-hypertensive agents on the role-played form ST2 on regression of LVH. This study was designed to compare the effects of captopril and valsartan on blood pressures, plasma renin and soluble ST2 levels and regression of LVH in hypertensive mice models. Twenty-four male mice (Mus musculus L), were divided into four groups, namely aquadest/control, L-NAME, L-NAME + captopril and L-NAME + valsartan groups respectively. Mice blood pressures were measured on day 14th after induction with L-NAME extract 1.75 mg/25 g BW/day (pretreatment) and day 14th post treatment. Levels of plasma renin, sST2, and ventricular wall thicknesses reflecting LVHs, were measured on day 14th post treatment. Administration of L-NAME within 14 days resulted in making mice models to be hypertensive paralleled by an increase of Ventricular wall thickness. Treatment with captopril and valsartan lowered the blood pressures to normal level within the next 14 days. Valsartan and captopril treatment induced a significant decrease of plasma renin level. Valsartan, but not for captopril treatment prevented wall thickness increase (p < 0.05), while plasma sST2 was not able to mirroring this effect. Captopril and valsartan had similar effect in lowering plasma renin level and blood pressure, but sST2 seems to be not involved in LVH regression obtained in hypertensive mice models after blocking renin-angiotensin system.
Mitigation of Eutrophication in a Shallow Lake: The Influences of Submerged Macrophytes on Phosphorus and Bacterial Community Structure in Sediments

Remediating water eutrophication is critical for maintaining healthy and sustainable development of lakes. The aim of this study was to explore the seasonal variation in phosphorus (P) speciation and bacterial community structure in sediments of Qin Lake (Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China) associated with the growth of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans. The differences in sediment bacterial diversity and community structure between V. natans growing and control areas were analyzed over a period of one year. The results showed that V. natans growth reduced the total P and organic matter contents of the sediments and increased the bioavailable iron (Fe) and Fe-bound P contents. The α-diversity of sediment bacteria was significantly higher in the presence of V. natans than in the controls during the vigorous plant growth stage. In the presence of V. natans, there was a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria and lower relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria. The Fe(II) content in the sediment had a larger influence on the spatial distribution of bacterial communities than sediment Fe-bound P, organic matter, and Fe(II) contents. V. natans growth could reshape sediment bacterial community structure in the shallow lake, which, in turn, enhanced P immobilization in the sediments and thereby improved the water quality.
Rare coral and reef fish species status, possible extinctions, and associated environmental perceptions in Mauritius

Mauritius is reported to have the highest marine species endemism in the Western Indian Ocean faunal Province but the status of these species has not been evaluated. To address this knowledge gap, 119 reef sites were sampled to evaluate populations of 16 species of rare and endemic reef fish and corals using scuba‐based surveys conducted by citizen scientists and marine science professionals. Additionally, we interviewed ~1,000 households in 27 coastal villages to determine their perceptions of the environmental concerns and rare and endemic marine species. In general, population numbers of both studied corals and fish were low and distributions were patchy, with little indication that the fisheries management zones were protecting these species. The Mauritian gregory and Mauritian anemonefish were the most abundant species. The Mauritian and Creole damselfishes, which are range‐restricted Mascarene endemics, were not observed and potentially extinct. Endemic fish and coral population numbers were higher on the leeward than windward side of the island. The leeward side has higher tourism use and conservation activities that could promote endemic conservation. Environmental concerns of interviewees were high but varied by district and their socioeconomic contexts. Respondents showed an overall concern for the environment and agreed that endemic and rare species had a right to survive. Nevertheless, these rare and endemic coral reef species are threatened by isolation and habitat loss combined with rapid climate and human resource use change. National and district‐specific plans of actions could help to secure their futures.
MARKET BASKET ANALYSIS USING THE FP-GROWTH ALGORITHM TO DETERMINE CROSS-SELLING

KAOCHEM Sinergi Mandiri Cooperative is a cooperative that provides various kinds of basic needs such as basic foodstuffs that can meet the needs of its members. The cooperative transaction data is only stored as a report. Association rules are a method in data mining that functions to identify items that have a value that is likely to appear simultaneously with other items. One implementation of the association method is Market Basket Analysis. The data used are transaction data for November 2019. Data mining is one of the processes or stages of the KDD method. The data mining process is carried out using the FP-Growth algorithm, which is one of the algorithms for calculating the sets that often appear from data. Researchers analyzed transaction data using the Rapid Miner Studio tools. In the data mining process using FP-Growth the researcher determines a minimum support value of 3% and a minimum confidence of 50%. The association process using these values ​​produces 3 strong rules, namely if ades 350 ml, then fried / lontong with a support value of 0.030 and confidence 0.556 and if fried st, then fried / lontong with a support value of 0.048 and confidence 0.639, and if nasi uduk / bacang , then fried / rice cake with a support value of 0.031 and confidence 0.824. The results of the association rules can be applied using one of the marketing techniques, namely cross-selling to increase the sales of the cooperative.
Enhanced Sender-Based Message Logging for Reducing Forced Checkpointing Overhead in Distributed Systems

SUMMARY The previous communication-induced checkpointing may considerably induce worthless forced checkpoints because each process receiving messages cannot obtain su ﬃ cient information related to non-causal Z-paths. This paper presents an enhanced sender-based message logging protocol applicable to any communication-induced checkpointing to lead to a high decrease of the forced checkpointing overhead of communication-induced checkpointing in an e ﬀ ective way while permitting no useless checkpoint. The protocol allows each process sending a message to know the exact timestamp of the receiver of the message in its logging procedures without any extra message. Simulation veriﬁes their great e ﬃ ciency of overhead alleviation regardless of communication patterns.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LEAF FEATURES IN SOME BLACKBERRY GENOTYPES COLLECTED FROM THE BLACK SEA REGION

In this study, morphological characterization studies regarding to leaf characteristics (leaf length, leaf width, leaf cross section shape, leaf edge waviness, swelling between leaf veins, leaf tooth depth, dominant leaflet number, leaf shape, green color intensity on the upper part of the leaf and brightness on the upper part of the leaf) were carried out in some blackberry genotypes collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey, according to the definition lists of UPOV (International Association for the Protection of New Plant Varieties). The measurements and observations made were transformed into feature scores, and using these scores, dendrogram and principal component analysis (PCA) related to morphological features were obtained. In the dendrogram obtained according to the morphological characterization data, the similarity level between the materials was determined between 0.50-1.00 and the average similarity coefficient was found as 0.75. The dendrogram consists of 2 main clusters (A and B). According to the dendrogram, genotypes obtained from Samsun (Çarşamba 1), Samsun (Çarşamba 2) and Ordu (Gülyalı), Bartın (Center) and Rize (Küçükçayır) regions were found to be the closest genotypes with 1.00 similarity level. In addition, as a result of the principal component analysis (PCA), the similarities and differences within the blackberry genotypes were clearly revealed. It was determined that they consisted of three main groups and two outer groups in their distribution on the two-dimensional plot.As a result of the study, it was determined that there is a certain level of variation between blackberry genotypes. The data obtained from this study will help to protect the diversity and to evaluate it with different studies.
A Highly Crystalline Fused‐Ring n‐Type Small Molecule for Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Based Organic Solar Cells and Field‐Effect Transistors

N‐type organic small molecules (SMs) are attracting attention in the organic electronics field, due to their easy purification procedures with high yield. However, only a few reports show SMs that perform well in both organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, the synthesis and characterization of an n‐type small molecule with an indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (IDTT) core unit and linear alkylated side chain (C16) (IDTTIC) are reported. Compared to the state‐of‐the‐art n‐type molecule IDTIC, IDTTIC exhibits smaller optical bandgap and higher absorption coefficient, which is due to the enhanced intramolecular effect. After mixing with the polymer donor PBDB‐T, IDTIC‐based solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of only 5.67%. In stark contrast, the OSC performance of IDTTIC improves significantly to 11.2%. It is found that the superior photovoltaic properties of PBDB‐T:IDTTIC blends are mainly due to reduced trap‐assisted recombination and enhanced molecular packing coherence length and higher domain purity when compared to IDTIC. Moreover, a significantly higher electron mobility of 0.50 cm2 V−1 s−1 for IDTTIC in OFET devices than for IDTIC (0.15 cm2 V−1 s−1) is obtained. These superior performances in OSCs and OFETs demonstrate that SMs with extended π‐conjugation of the backbone possess a great potential for application in organic electronic devices.