Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trade-Offs in Online Advertising: Advertising Effectiveness and Annoyance Dynamics Across the Purchase Funnel

Digital advertisers often harness technology-enabled advertising-scheduling strategies, such as ad repetition at the individual consumer level, in order to improve advertising effectiveness. However, such strategies might elicit annoyance in consumers as indicated by anecdotal evidence, such as the popularity of ad-blocking technologies. Our study captures this trade-off between effective and annoying display advertising. We propose a hidden Markov model that allows us to investigate both the enduring impact of display advertising on consumers’ purchase decisions and the potential of persistent display advertising to stimulate annoyance in consumers. Additionally, we study the structural dynamics of these advertising effects by allowing them to be contingent on the latent state of the funnel path in which each consumer resides. Our findings demonstrate that a tension exists between generating interest and triggering annoyance in consumers; whereas display advertising has an enduring impact on transitioning consumers further down the purchase funnel, persistent display advertising exposures beyond a frequency threshold can have an adverse effect by increasing the chances that consumers will be annoyed. Investigating the dynamics of these annoyance effects, we reveal that consumers who reside in different stages of the purchase funnel exhibit considerably different tolerance for annoyance stimulation. Our findings also reveal that the format of display advertisements and the level of diversification of ad creatives as well as consumer demographics moderate consumers’ thresholds for annoyance elicitation. For instance, advertisers can reduce annoyance elicitation as a result of frequent display advertising exposures when they use static rather than animated display ads as well as when they diversify the display ad creatives shown to consumers. Our paper contributes to the literature on digital advertising and consumer annoyance and has significant managerial implications for the online advertising ecosystem.
Study on Technology-Sourcing FDI of Southern Firms

In order to be competitive,southern firms must foster their technological edges.And investment in northern countries is an effective way for them to obtain technological edge.A quantitative model of technology-sourcing FDI in the north for southern firms is established.Feasibility of technology-sourcing FDI of southern firms is discussed,which provides a reference for firms' FDI decision-making.
Anticipated Futures for Modern Rural Economies ‐ a Request for Guidance by Research, Policy and the Business Community

This paper builds on a review of literature and EU policies for rural development, innovation, entrepreneurship and the bio‐based economy. It provides a basis for conceptualizing modern rural economies dealing with food, biobased value chains, and valorization of ecosystem services regarding future conditions for rural entrepreneurship (including agriculture), remote areas (including those in coastal areas), and urban‐rural integration. It will outline emerging opportunities to promote diversification, shared values, innovation, and resource conservation, and to reach a common understanding of the solutions to set up a “Modern Rural Economy” in different conditions. In general, there are many opportunities for rural development, many of them linked to emerging technologies which reduce the relevance of distance in marketing, sales and many other activity domains and to business opportunities evolving within the bio‐economy and ecosystem services. However, it becomes obvious that the realization of opportunities needs to build on the simultaneous engagement of various stakeholders in business development, research, and public administration. Successful developments require an integrated development approach which combines opportunities into a comprehensive development program.
Understanding the concept of health related quality of life in adult, general critical care survivors

Background. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important outcome to assess in adult, general critical care survivors'. There are two expert consensus generic HRQoL measures-the SF-36 and EQ-5D-for this population, but there is still no agreed specific measure, despite the move towards using a combination of generic and specific measures in many other areas of health care. To address this gap, the research aims, first, to understand and define the concept of HRQoL from the perspective of survivors and second, to determine the extent to which the current expert consensus generic measures capture survivors' HRQoL, so that recommendations concerning a critical care-specific measure can be made. Methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using two strategies of data collection; an in-depth semi-structured interview based on a topic guide and a 'questerview2' (1), a form of cognitive debriefing that used either the SF-36 or the EQ- 5D to trigger narratives. Results. Based on study findings, it is recommended that the critical care-specific measure contain general questions that assess: 0 Survivors' emotional/psychological and cognitive statuses. 0 The following effects of survivors' personal status: - Certain restrictive effects of physical status and emotional/psychological status on activities and behaviours. - Increases in activities and behaviours caused by physical status and emotional/psychological status. - Impact of cognitive status on activities and behaviours (both restrictions and increases). - Impact of personal status on: perception of, interpretation of, and responses to life; personality; external appearance; physical zone of comfort and/or activity; suitability and availability of clothes; interactions and relationships with others; place of residence; and finances. To further refine the measurement of survivors' HRQoL, this measure should also: (i) specifically capture survivors' perceptions of the pertinent changes after critical illness; (ii) accurately reflect fluctuating changes; and (iii) encourage survivors to provide relevant information.
Essential Role of Adventitial Reactive Oxygen Species in Vascular Function 54

Vascular adventitia, the area between the external elastic lamina and the outermost edge of the blood vessel, is one of the basic components of a blood vessel. In the past, the adventitia was considered to be simply a structural asset for the blood vessel. Strikingly, current research has revealed some important characteristics of the adventitia. Thus, this chapter provides an overview of the published knowledge to demonstrate the active role of the adventitia as
Medicaid Coverage Across the Income Distribution Under the Affordable Care Act

This paper examines trends in Medicaid enrollment across the income distribution after the ACA’s Medicaid expansion. Using data from the American Community Survey between 2012 and 2017, we compare Medicaid coverage over time in 9 states that expanded Medicaid in 2014 with no previous expansion for able-bodied, working-age adults with 12 states that had not expanded Medicaid by 2019 and also had no previous expansion for such adults. A difference-in-differences model is used to formalize this comparison. Similar to many previous studies, we find that Medicaid coverage increased dramatically for income-eligible adults under 138% of the federal poverty level (FPL). In addition, we show that Medicaid participation increased by 3.0 percentage points for those with incomes above 138% of the FPL from a pre-ACA baseline of 2.7% among this group. While we cannot say with certainty why these individuals were able to participate in Medicaid, we offer several potential explanations that should be the subject of future work. For example, it is possible that the ACA Medicaid expansions were administered differently at the state or local level than federal rules would require, similarly to differences between effective tax rates and statutory tax rates in many transfer programs.
The conceptualization of novel organic food products: a case study of Polish young consumers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore young consumers’ attitudes toward novel organic food products by analyzing their acceptability and perception. Design/methodology/approach A mixed method approach was applied to conceptualize (sensory profiling of organic bakery and confectionery products) and then to evaluate young consumer’s willingness to buy (consumer survey) innovative products: ten variants of rolls and ten variants of shortbread cookies made of certified raw materials originating from bio-farming, enriched with a combination of fresh and dried fruits and vegetables. Product recipes were free of saccharose, sweeteners and chemical pulverizing agents. To evaluate consumer orientation toward novel organic products, 200 consumers from Poland (Warmia and Mazury region) were surveyed regarding their hedonic opinion about these concepts. A Likert-type scale was used in the consumer survey to assess the perception and declared willingness to buy the evaluated products. Findings Research results demonstrate that the young consumers had ambivalent or negative attitudes to sensory attributes of many variants of the organic bakery and confectionery products. This could be explained by the taste of most of the products, which appeared unacceptable to consumers. It has been concluded that the choice of organic foods by young consumers is not strictly related to the concern over their health nor to the awareness of health-related attributes of these food products. Taste turned out to be the key factor affecting consumer attitudes toward organic foods and driving their willingness to buy these products. Originality/value Despite the constant development of research in the area of the organic food market, the current scientific findings still have some cognitive gaps that concern attitudes and expectations of consumers, especially of young consumers, toward new ecological products. This study contributed to the young consumers’ behavior knowledge by analyzing their attitudes toward novel organic bakery and confectionery prototypes produced manually. The empirical findings from this study also have practical potential for organic food market applications. Information of this type is useful in understanding and predicting the demand for certain products, which helps managers develop effective strategies.
Factors Affecting Consumers’ Purchase Decision of Over-The-Counter (OTC) Medicines: Empirical Evidences from Community Pharmacies in Ethiopia

Purpose: the aim of this study was to examine factors affecting consumers’ purchase decision of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines from community pharmacies in Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research design was used to test the effect of various factors on consumer purchase decision of OTC medicines. Descriptive and explanatory research approaches were used to describe and investigate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Both primary and secondary data were collected using self-administered questionnaire and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used to analyze the data. Findings: the researchers found that, pharmacist’s recommendation, price, and country of origin of OTC medicines have positive and significant effect on consumers’ purchase decision of OTC medicines. Even though, previous experience and families' and friends' recommendation have positive effect on consumers’ purchase decision of OTC medicines, is not statistically significant. Originality/value: Few studies have been conducted on OTC medicines from pharmacy practice perspective and their result showed that there are significant numbers of consumers using OTC medicines. In the best of authors’ knowledge, however; no research has been conducted on OTC medicines from consumer behavior perspectives, especially, purchase decision in Ethiopia. Keywords: Community Pharmacy, OTC Medicine, and Purchase Decision DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/65-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
How does interactivity of online media hamper ad effectiveness

The development of the Internet has increasingly led to advertisements presented on rich and interactive websites offering users a high level of control over the contents they are exposed to—sometimes to the extent of allowing them to skip “unwanted” ads preceding the desired content. While previous studies have shown that such interactivity and control can positively impact users’ subjective experience and attitude toward the advertisements, the present study examined their impact on users’ attention to the ad (using eye-tracking) and actual ad effectiveness (ad memory). It relied on an experimental design allowing for comparing the effectiveness of similar ads that were presented by realistic interfaces simulating common types of online media (in addition to “traditional television” as a form of passive baseline comparison condition). The interfaces consisted of a news website (including many stimuli surrounding the ads and an “ad countdown timer,” that might detract users’ attention from the ads) and YouTube (also including the “skip ad” option). Ad memory correlated positively (negatively) with gaze direction to the ad area (outside the ad area) and was particularly low when users had the opportunity to stop the ad after a few seconds. These results emphasize the scale of ad effectiveness decrease that may occur when the media interfaces offer users easy ways of avoiding video ads by gazing toward surrounding stimuli and by skipping the ads. The implications of these findings for advertisers are addressed, and it is suggested that future studies on the topic should include other measures of ad effectiveness and other distracting factors that might further detract users from online ad video content in real-life contexts.
Impacts of Using Passive Back Assist and Shoulder Assist Exoskeletons in a Wholesale and Retail Trade Sector Environment

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Passive back-assist exoskeletons (BAEs) and a passive shoulder-assist exoskeleton (SAE) were field tested among 14 workers who perform stocking and tire installation tasks. Heart rate (HR) and step rate were collected from eight workers both with and without exoskeleton use, and subjective feedback was obtained from all 14 workers who used the devices for one full work shift. For workers who used the SuitX™ BackX, mean HR increased 6.8% while mean step rate was reduced by 17.4% compared to without the device. For workers who used the Levitate™ AIRFRAME, mean HR decreased by 3.4% and mean step rate was reduced by 20.5% compared to without the device. Workers reported perceived benefits and a willingness to use an exoskeleton for at least part of their shift. However, they also indicated concerns about movement quality, task performance, and comfort. These results call into question the potential for the occupational exoskeletons tested to prevent injury by reducing physiological fatigue, and suggest that there are still challenges to consider for tactical deployment to specific jobs, tasks, and workers in the Wholesale and Retail Trade Sector.
Supplier, Tailor, and Facilitator: Typology of Platform Business Models

The platform business model is widely used because it is capable of various open innovation deliverables. However, it has a high probability of failure, caused by a variety of value streams that follow the two-sided market theory (each side has a distinct group of users). Therefore, extensive research on value streams and the attributes of platform business is essential to reduce platform business failure and ensure sustainable growth. By analyzing 21 case studies and conducting 30 in-depth interviews, this study proposes three types of Internet platform business strategies which can serve as a frame of reference to examine the impact of different value streams and open innovation on platform businesses. This study highlights a typology that sheds light on the heterogeneous meaning that corporates associated with creating new platform businesses adhere to and seeks to improve understanding of fundamental differences in platform business creation processes.
Neural Stem Cell Grafts and the Influence of Apolipoprotein E in a Mouse Model of Global Ischaemia

Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for the treatment of brain damage. Although the “proof of principle” for NSC transplantation therapy has been demonstrated in a variety of animal models of brain injury (stroke, traumatic brain injury, ageing) and in a clinical setting (Parkinson’s disease), the mechanisms by which grafted stem cells survive, migrate and differentiate in host brain are yet to be elucidated. Initial studies have demonstrated that, after transplantation of the MHP36 neural stem cell line in a focal ischaemia model, the lipid transport protein apolipoprotein E (apoE) is upregulated and co-localised to differentiated cells in parallel with functional recovery. ApoE has been shown to have a critical role in the response to brain injury and repair processes. Furthermore, in humans, three different forms of apoE exist (E2, E3, E4 encoded by the alleles ε2, ε3, ε4) and each of these has a different ability to promote repair, with the E4 form associated with an impaired capacity. This thesis tests the hypothesis that apoE is critical in stem cell integration and investigates whether this effect is APOE genotype dependent, in a mouse model of global cerebral ischaemia. This model was chosen as it produces diffuse selective neuronal damage in the striatum and hippocampus, which also occurs in other conditions such as ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. The studies described in this thesis were designed to test the hypothesis and are outlined as follows: I. Characterisation of neural stem cell grafts in a mouse model of global ischaemia In order to investigate the potential influence of apoE on stem cell grafts, it was first essential to characterise stem cells grafts in mouse brain. Thus, the initial aim of the thesis was to characterise MHP36 grafts in a mouse model of ischaemic neuronal injury. The effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) immunosuppression was also investigated. C57Bl/6J mice underwent an episode of transient global ischaemia induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Three days following ischaemia, mice received a unilateral striatal graft of fluorescently labelled MHP36 neural stem cells or vehicle; the mice also received CsA or saline. The mice were terminated at either
Analysis and forecasting of the availability of sufficient personnel complexities of the digital economy mechanisms in the agrarian sector of the Stavropol territory

The need to transfer agricultural production to the digital economy is obvious. One of the main factors constraining the mechanisms for introducing digital technologies into agricultural production is the insufficient availability of specialists with the necessary qualifications in the IT sphere in the area of processes and production. The main, in our opinion, criteria that allow us to predict the demand for labour resources with the necessary qualifications have been considered; typical problems of training in the framework of the current education system, associated with insufficient from the point of view of the digital economy, elaboration and specification of Educational Standards and qualification requirements for graduates who were educated by the time of transition to digital production mechanisms have been identified. The possible difficulties of the state of the labour market associated with the reduction of jobs as a result of the intensification and automation of a number of industries using the digital economy and buffer measures of pension legislation have been noted. Options for mitigating the effects of the problems presented by creating a specialized educational structure based on short-term, highly specialized courses, allowing in a short time, depending on the existing skill level of the worker, to bring his knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies in line with the level required for successful work in the framework of digital economy mechanisms have been offered.
Mercury: Empowering Programmers' Mobile Work Practices with Microproductivity

There has been considerable research on how software can enhance programmers' productivity within their workspace. In this paper, we instead explore how software might help programmers make productive use of their time while away from their workspace. We interviewed 10 software engineers and surveyed 78 others and found that while programmers often do work while mobile, their existing mobile work practices are primarily exploratory (e.g., capturing thoughts or performing online research). In contrast, they want to be doing work that is more grounded in their existing code (e.g., code review or bug triage). Based on these findings, we introduce Mercury, a system that guides programmers in making progress on-the-go with auto-generated microtasks derived from their source code's current state. A study of Mercury with 20 programmers revealed that they could make meaningful progress with Mercury while mobile with little effort or attention. Our findings suggest an opportunity exists to support the continuation of programming tasks across devices and help programmers resume coding upon returning to their workspace.
Becoming Lean: The Way towards Sustainability of Higher Educations Institutions

Sustainability has become a significant issue in today’s business world, including in the education sector. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to examine the implications of lean higher education (LHE) implementation on HEIs sustainability performance. Data were collected from academicians at a technical university in Malaysia. The study found positive relationships between LHE and sustainability performance in terms of environmental, economic, institutional, and social. The finding implies that in order to be sustainable, a university could exert more efforts in implementing LHE practices. This study subsidized to the current literature through bridging the gap of the lacking investigations on the potentials of lean management in the context of HEIs. The Malaysian HEIs could gain benefits through providing alternative solutions and suggestions to improve their business process, moving towards achieving sustainability performance.
Factors Associated with Play Therapists' Use of Family-Systems Play Therapy Interventions

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