Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian approach to Lagrangian data assimilation

Lagrangian data arise from instruments that are carried by the flow in a fluid field. Assimilation of such data into ocean models presents a challenge due to the potential complexity of Lagrangian trajectories in relatively simple flow fields.We adopt a Bayesian perspective on this problem and thereby take account of the fully non-linear features of the underlying model. In the perfect model scenario, the posterior distribution for the initial state of the system contains all the information that can be extracted from a given realization of observations and the model dynamics. We work in the smoothing context in which the posterior on the initial conditions is determined by future observations. This posterior distribution gives the optimal ensemble to be used in data assimilation. The issue then is sampling this distribution. We develop, implement, and test sampling methods, based on Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which are particularly well suited to the low-dimensional, but highly non-linear, nature of Lagrangian data. We compare these methods to the well-established ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach. It is seen that the MCMC based methods correctly sample the desired posterior distribution whereas the EnKF may fail due to infrequent observations or non-linear structures in the underlying flow.
Screening behavior in brothers and sons of men with prostate cancer.

PURPOSE We identified factors associated with screening behavior in the brothers and sons of men with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We contacted 837 men with prostate cancer to invite their 40 to 70-year-old brothers or sons to participate in this study. We mailed the brothers and sons who contacted us a survey to explore sociodemographic and medical characteristics, prostate cancer family history, prostate cancer knowledge, self-efficacy, barriers to screening, perceived benefits, perceived vulnerability and medical support. RESULTS Of the 138 candidates who participated in the study 86 (62%) had undergone prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination within the last 2 years. Men older than 50 years, those who had discussed prostate cancer screening with their physician, those with good knowledge of recommended screening frequency and those with no co-morbidity had undergone screening more often than others. CONCLUSIONS Physician support and prostate cancer screening knowledge were positively associated with previous screening. Effective interventions to increase screening in families at risk should target physicians.
ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT;

Introduction: The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was proposedby Brook and Shaw, included an Aesthetic portion having ten levels and a Dental HealthComponent (D-IOTN) with five levels. The aim of present cross sectional research was to applythe D-IOTN in Pakistani subjects visiting Orthodontic centres of Faisalabad Medical Universityand de’Montmorency College of Dentistry. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting:Orthodontic centres, Faisalabad Medical University and de’Montmorency Dental College.Period: From 1.3. 2017 to 1.10. 2017. Materials & Methods: D-IOTN was applied to subjectsusing clinical intraoral evaluation method in which patients were evaluated on dental chair tograde various aspects of D-IOTN. The intraoral examination was done for missing teeth, cleftsof lip and maxilla, impeded tooth eruption and sagittal molar relationship. Vernier calliper wasused to measure the horizontal and vertical overlapping of incisors, transverse cross bite anddisplacement of incisal or posterior segments of arch. Findings were collected and recorded ona predesigned D-IOTN Performa. Results: Results showed that 68 % of the subjects neededdefinite orthodontic treatment, out of which 55% were females and 45% were males. Nosignificant gender difference was found for treatment need in any of the grade of D-IOTN.DIOTNanalysis revealed: 15% (Grade 5), 53% (Grade 4), 16% (Grade 3), 14=% (Grade 2) and2% (Grade1) results.16 % of the subjects were found to be in moderate need of treatment, whileonly2 % were found to be having no orthodontic treatment need. Conclusion: It was concludedthat a high number of cases were in need of the orthodontic therapy.
High‐Throughput Lectin Microarray‐Based Analysis of Live Cell Surface Glycosylation

Lectins, plant‐derived glycan‐binding proteins, have long been used to detect glycans on cell surfaces. However, the techniques used to characterize serum or cells have largely been limited to mass spectrometry, blots, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. While these lectin‐based approaches are well established and they can discriminate a limited number of sugar isomers by concurrently using a limited number of lectins, they are not amenable for adaptation to a high‐throughput platform. Fortunately, given the commercial availability of lectins with a variety of glycan specificities, lectins can be printed on a glass substrate in a microarray format to profile accessible cell‐surface glycans. This method is an inviting alternative for analysis of a broad range of glycans in a high‐throughput fashion and has been demonstrated to be a feasible method of identifying binding‐accessible cell surface glycosylation on living cells. The current unit presents a lectin‐based microarray approach for analyzing cell surface glycosylation in a high‐throughput fashion. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 63:12.9. 1‐12.9. 7. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The occurrence of salmonellas, mycobacteria and pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli in pig slurry

SUMMARY Ninety-eight samples of pig slurry from 54 farms were examined for the presence of salmonellas, porcine enteropathogenic strains of haemolytic Escherichia coli and mycobacteria. Salmonellas were isolated from 12 farms (22 %) and enteropathogenic E. coli from 13 farms (24%). Pathogenic mycobacteria were not isolated. Salmonellas were isolated from 7 of 16 farms (44%) stocked with ‘minimal disease’ pigs compared with only 5 of 38 farms (13%) stocked with conventionally reared pigs. Conversely enteropathogenic coliforms were isolated from 3 of 16 farms (19%) stocked with ‘minimal disease’ pigs compared with 10 of 38 farms (26%) stocked with conventionally reared pigs.
Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease

We sought to estimate the frequency and nature of sleep disturbances in Indian Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. One hundred forty nine consecutive PD patients attending the Movement Disorders Clinic of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India and 115 age‐matched healthy controls participated. After clinical evaluation, sleep assessment was done using a 23‐question, validated sleep questionnaire. Mean age of PD patients and the duration of illness were 58.37 (S.D. 10.45) years and 5.7 (S.D. 3.85) years, respectively. The mean age of the controls was 56.50 (S.D. 11.45) years (P > 0.05). Sleep problems were seen in 63 (42%) PD patients compared to 12% of controls. These were: insomnia in 32%, nightmares in 32%, and excessive day time sleepiness in 15% of PD patients as compared with 5%, 5% and 6%, respectively, in controls (P < 0.025). Presence of nightmares was significantly associated with higher Hoehn and Yahr score (P < 0.002), high unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) Part I score (P < 0.000) and levodopa dose (P < 0 .025). Excessive daytime sleepiness correlated with higher Hoehn and Yahr stage (P < 0.004), and levodopa dose (P < 0.040). The sleep latency was longer in PD patients as compared to controls (P < 0.000). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed association of sleep disturbances with UPDRS Part III, Schwab and England score, levodopa dose, rigidity score, and bradykinesia score. Sleep problems are much more common in PD patients compared to controls (P < 0.001), and correlate with increased severity of disease. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Influence of nitrogen on the growth mechanism of decorated C:N nanotubes.

Nanotubes like feather boas were synthesised by the decomposition of methane in a nitrogen atmosphere using a bias-enhanced hot-filament chemical vapour deposition technique. This new type of slightly nitrogenated carbon (C:N) nanotubes exhibits a vermicular shape. Graphitic thin foils growing perpendicular to the tube axis typically cover the surface of each C:N tube. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals the graphitic structure to be characterised by strong disorder at different length scales. The role of small amounts of nitrogen, which affects the structural formation of the growing C:N tubes, is discussed.
Daily Living Movement Recognition for Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Applications

Nowadays, activity recognition is a central topic in numerous applications such as patient and sport activity monitoring, surveillance, and navigation. By focusing on the latter, in particular Pedestrian Dead Reckoning navigation systems, activity recognition is generally exploited to get landmarks on the map of the buildings in order to permit the calibration of the navigation routines. The present work aims to provide a contribution to the definition of a more effective movement recognition for Pedestrian Dead Reckoning applications. The signal acquired by a belt-mounted triaxial accelerometer is considered as the input to the movement segmentation procedure which exploits Continuous Wavelet Transform to detect and segment cyclic movements such as walking. Furthermore, the segmented movements are provided to a supervised learning classifier in order to distinguish between activities such as walking and walking downstairs and upstairs. In particular, four supervised learning classification families are tested: decision tree, Support Vector Machine, -nearest neighbour, and Ensemble Learner. Finally, the accuracy of the considered classification models is evaluated and the relative confusion matrices are presented.
Scheduling Tasks with Due Dates in a Fabrication/Assembly Process

In fabrication and assembly processes, end-product due dates play a significant role in scheduling tasks to minimize earliness and lateness penalties. We develop a heuristic technique for this problem that solves a sequence of maximum flow problems to identify improved schedules. This method compares favorably with finite loading, another scheduling heuristic. Our computational results include the solution of a problem involving 26,100 tasks scheduled on 52 work centers.
Novel coumarin modified GLP‐1 derivatives with enhanced plasma stability and prolonged in vivo glucose‐lowering ability

The short biological half‐life limits the therapeutic use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and chemical modification to improve the interaction of peptides with serum albumin represents an effective strategy to develop long‐acting peptide analogues. Coumarin, a natural product, is known to bind tightly to plasma proteins and possesses many biological activities. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a series of coumarin‐modified GLP‐1 derivatives, hypothesizing that conjugation with coumarin would retain the therapeutic effects and prolong the biological half‐life of the conjugates.
THIRD ORDER NON-OSCILLATORY CENTRAL SCHEME FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION LAWS

Abstract. We derive a third-order non-oscillatory central scheme for multidimen sional hyperbolic systems. We use computationally efficient limiters in order to make th e new scheme non-oscillatory. The solution is advanced in time using natural continuous e xtension of RungeKutta methods. We pay particular attention to two dimensional problems includin g inviscid Burgers’ equation and Riemann gas dynamics problems. Numerical ex periments show that the new scheme remains non-oscillatory while giving good resolution of disco ntinuities.
Robust and efficient singular-value decomposition based algorithm for AUV localization and synchronization

This paper proposes a novel singular-value decomposition based algorithm that can be used in source localization and time synchronization using the time of arrival and/or the time difference of arrival measurements. The algorithm performance has been investigated in an autonomous underwater vehicle operating environment. Through extensive simulations the superiority of the algorithm has been demonstrated over the existing methods. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is robust in terms of matrix ill-conditioning and efficient in terms of achieving the Cramer-Rao lower bound for parameter estimation.
Clustering-based classification of road traffic accidents using hierarchical clustering and artificial neural networks

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been widely used in predicting the severity of road traffic crashes. All available information about previously occurred accidents is typically used for building a single prediction model (i.e., classifier). Too little attention has been paid to the differences between these accidents, leading, in most cases, to build less accurate predictors. Hierarchical clustering is a well-known clustering method that seeks to group data by creating a hierarchy of clusters. Using hierarchical clustering and ANNs, a clustering-based classification approach for predicting the injury severity of road traffic accidents was proposed. About 6000 road accidents occurred over a six-year period from 2008 to 2013 in Abu Dhabi were used throughout this study. In order to reduce the amount of variation in data, hierarchical clustering was applied on the data set to organize it into six different forms, each with different number of clusters (i.e., clusters from 1 to 6). Two ANN models were subsequently built for each cluster of accidents in each generated form. The first model was built and validated using all accidents (training set), whereas only 66% of the accidents were used to build the second model, and the remaining 34% were used to test it (percentage split). Finally, the weighted average accuracy was computed for each type of models in each from of data. The results show that when testing the models using the training set, clustering prior to classification achieves (11%–16%) more accuracy than without using clustering, while the percentage split achieves (2%–5%) more accuracy. The results also suggest that partitioning the accidents into six clusters achieves the best accuracy if both types of models are taken into account.
Using modular 3D digital earth applications based on point clouds for the study of complex sites

ABSTRACT This article discusses the use of 3D technologies in digital earth applications (DEAs) to study complex sites. These are large areas containing objects with heterogeneous shapes and semantic information. The study proposes that DEAs should be modular, have multi-tier architectures, and be developed as Free and Open Source Software if possible. In DEAs requiring high reliability in the 3D measurements, point clouds are proposed as basis for the 3D Digital digital earth representation. For the development of DEAs, we propose to follow a workflow with four components: data acquisition and processing, data management, data analysis and data visualization. For every component, technological challenges of using 3D technologies are identified and solutions applied for a case study are presented. The case study is a modular 3D DEA developed for the archaeological project Mapping the Via Appia. The 3D DEA allows archaeologists to virtually analyze a complex study area.
Applying IEEE 1588 to packet radio trilateration

There are several applications for position location that require a solution that minimizes size and power. In the case of planetary navigation, these constraints are critical due to the cost of deployment. This paper describes the analysis, design, and prototyping of a system that takes advantage of a common time-base provided by IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) to use minimal processing algorithms and processing resources.
Comparison of in vitro and in vivo splice site selection in kappa-immunoglobulin precursor mRNA

The processing of a number of kappa-immunoglobulin primary mRNA (pre-mRNA) constructs has been examined both in vitro and in vivo. When a kappa-immunoglobulin pre-mRNA containing multiple J segment splice sites is processed in vitro, the splice sites are used with equal frequency. The presence of signal exon, S-V intron, or variable (V) region has no effect on splice site selection in vitro. Nuclear extracts prepared from a lymphoid cell line do not restore correct splice site selection. Splice site selection in vitro can be altered by changing the position or sequence of J splice donor sites. These results differ from the processing of similar pre-mRNAs expressed in vivo by transient transfection. The 5'-most J splice donor site was exclusively selected in vivo, even in nonlymphoid cells, and even in transcripts where in vitro splicing favored a 3' J splice site. The in vitro results are consistent with a model proposing that splice site selection is influenced by splice site strength and proximity; however, our in vivo results demonstrate a number of discrepancies with such a model and suggest that splice site selection may be coupled to transcription or a higher-order nuclear structure.
Fatigue in Parkinson's disease

Introduction: Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have become increasingly recognized as central to the disease. These include somatic symptoms, such as pain and autonomic dysfunction (bladder dysfunction, constipation, dipahoresis and orthostatic hypotension) and behavioral problems, such as dementia, depression, fatigue, sleep disorders and psychosis. Research on fatigue has focused on its epidemiology with only a single report of a beneficial treatment trial, which used methylphenidate. Areas covered: This review was made of all articles related to fatigue in Parkinson's disease arising in PUBMED. It will cover the types of fatigue, epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of fatigue in PD. Expert opinion: Fatigue is a common and severe problem in Parkinson's disease. Virtually nothing is known about it aside from its epidemiology. It is an area greatly in need of investigation.
A Distributed Remote Real-time Pressure Measuring System Based on The Wireless Communication Technology

Abstract—with the urgent requirements on the transient pressure test in explosion field, the number of test node is increasing, which puts forward higher requirements on centralized management, controlling and process monitoring. The distributed measuring system based on wireless communication technology can manage and control all test nodes scattered in the testing area through wireless network, realizing scatter operation, collaboration and centralized control, and thus a key research point in today’s distributed measuring field. Based on the basic principles of the distributed testing, this paper designs a wireless distributed measuring system used for the pressure measurement of the explosion field. The control central can realize a long-distance management, controlling and monitoring on many test nodes through the wireless local network, including the working parameter configuration of the each node in the testing prepared stage; the working state monitoring reset of each, node in the waiting explosion stage and so on; and the real-time transmission of the testing data.
Investigating the consumer behavior of Taiwan ’ s 3 G mobile telecommunication services

Although Taiwan’s 3G services started its operation in 2003, the main profit source for every telecommunication company is still the cheaper fees of airtime minutes. Therefore, this study is directed on how these companies design the marketing tactics closer to the consumers’ need under the dual influences of the decreasing individual’s contribution and the low utility rate, as well as how to improve customers’ wilingness to adopt 3G mobile telecommunication services. Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) is used as the model to carry out the investigation of expert interview and consumers’ survey. This study found that the factors that significantly influenced the “behavioral intention” include “performance expectancy,” “social influence,” and “facilitating conditions,” while the traditional known “efort expectancy” did not. Moreover, three non-assumed relationships were discovered during the Structural Equation Model analysis, which helped to revise the UTAUT model for the adoption of 3G telecommunication services in Taiwan. The results of this study can be helpful to Taiwan’s mobile telecommunication companies to adjust their corporate strategies and tactics for providing customer-oriented 3G services to both existing and potential customers, such that the overall 3G market can be expanded as well as a win-win situation for the 3G industry and their consumers can be achieved.
Relationship Satisfaction and Conflict Over Minor and Major Issues in Romantic Relationships

Abstract In this study the question of whether conflicts over minor issues and over major issues were equally strongly related to satisfaction in romantic relationships was examined. Sixty-four women and 29 men completed the Hendrick (1988) Relationship Assessment Scale for their current main romantic relationship and a 12-item conflict scale (Cramer, 2000b) for minor and major issues. All the relationships were heterosexual. Satisfaction was significantly and equally negatively correlated with conflict over minor and major issues, suggesting that whether an issue is of major or minor importance does not affect satisfaction or dissatisfaction in a romantic relationship. Thus, assessing conflict over major issues may be unnecessary in predicting relationship satisfaction. Conflict over minor and major issues was significantly and positively correlated even when satisfaction was controlled, indicating consistency in conflict resolution.
Clinical management of small (6- to 9-mm) polyps detected at screening CT colonography: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this model analysis was to compare the clinical and economic impacts of immediate polypectomy versus 3-year CT colonography (CTC) surveillance for small (6- to 9-mm) polyps detected at CTC screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS A decision analysis model was constructed incorporating the expected advanced neoplasia prevalence, frequency of measurable growth, colorectal cancer (CRC) prevalence and risk, CTC performance, and costs related to CRC screening and treatment. CRC risk was assumed to be independent of advanced adenoma size, which intentionally overestimates the risk related to small polyps. Clinical effectiveness and costs for 3-year CTC surveillance versus immediate colonoscopic polypectomy were compared for a concentrated cohort of patients with 6- to 9-mm polyps. For the CTC surveillance strategy, only cases with measurable growth (> or = 1 mm) at follow-up CTC were referred for polypectomy. RESULTS Without any intervention, the estimated 5-year CRC death rate from 6- to 9-mm polyps in this concentrated cohort was 0.08%, which is a sevenfold decrease over the 0.56% CRC risk for the general unselected screening population. The death rate was further reduced to 0.03% with the CTC surveillance strategy and to 0.02% with immediate colonoscopy referral. However, for each additional cancer-related death prevented with immediate polypectomy versus CTC follow-up, 9,977 colonoscopy referrals would be needed, resulting in 10 additional perforations and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $372,853. CONCLUSION For patients with small (6- to 9-mm) polyps detected at CTC screening, the exclusion of large polyps (> or = 10 mm) already confers a very low risk of CRC. The high costs, additional complications, and relatively low incremental yield associated with immediate polypectomy of 6- to 9-mm polyps support the practice of 3-year CTC surveillance, which allows for selective noninvasive identification of small polyps at risk.