Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparision between satellite based and drone based remote sensing technology to achieve sustainable development: a review

Precision agriculture is a way to manage the crop yield resources like water, fertilizers, soil, seeds in order to increase production, quality, gain and reduce squander products so that the existing system become eco-friendly. The main target of precision agriculture is to match resources and execution according to the crop and climate to ameliorate the effects of Praxis. Global Positioning System, Geographic Information System, Remote sensing technologies and various sensors are used in Precision farming for identifying the variability in field and using different methods to deal with them. Satellite based remote sensing is used to study the variability in crop and ground but suffer from various disadvantageous such as prohibited use, high price, less revisiting them, poor resolution due to great height, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is other alternative option for application in precision farming. UAV overcomes the drawback of the ground based system, i.e. inaccessibility to muddy and very dense regions. Hovering at a peak of 500 meter - 1000 meter is good enough to offer various advantageous in image acquisition such as high spatial and temporal resolution, full flexibility, low cost. Recent studies of application of UAV in precision farming indicate advanced designing of UAV, enhancement in georeferencing and the mosaicking of image, analysis and extraction of information required for supplying a true end product to farmers. This paper also discusses the various platforms of UAV used in farming applications, its technical constraints, seclusion rites, reliability and safety.
Deep-tissue label-free quantitative optical tomography

In vivo imaging of small animals is of wide interest to the biomedical community studying biological disease and developmental processes. However, optical imaging deep in tissue is severely limited by light scattering, posing restrictions on the imaging depth, image contrast, and spatial resolution. We demonstrate optical coherence projection tomography (OCPT) as a fast three-dimensional optical imaging technique for ballistic, non-scattered light, deep-tissue imaging. OCPT is based on a novel scanning transmission sample arm to rapidly measure ballistic light projections of amplitude and phase through thick biological tissues. We demonstrate the strength of OCPT by imaging an adult zebrafish in a total volume of 1000mm3 acquired in 24 min. We achieve an unprecedented imaging depth of 4 mm in biological tissue without using optical clearing (up to 27 mean free paths of photon transport). A new way of analyzing optical tomographic imaging depth is demonstrated and applied to OCPT. It shows that the strong light scattering suppression in OCPT is pivotal to reach the SNR limited imaging depth. OCPT allows for a full quantitative assessment of tissue parameters, which is demonstrated by quantifying the attenuation coefficient, refractive index, surface area, and volume of various organs deep inside the zebrafish. Our work opens up the way for longitudinal in vivo small animal studies from the larval to the adult stages.
67ppm/°C, 66nA PVT Invariant Curvature Compensated Current Reference for Ultra-Low Power Applications

This work presents a highly accurate current reference of 66nA for ultra-low power applications. A very low figure-of-merit (FOM) of 1.3501ppm/°C2 is achieved on consuming a minimal quiescent current of 199.37nA. To cancel out process variations, the current subtraction technique is employed and a β-multiplier is used to compensate for mobility (μ) and threshold voltage (Vth). In addition, curvature compensation technique backed by PTAT and CTAT current cancellation is adopted to attain a lower temperature coefficient (TC). Hence, an imperceptible variation of accuracy with temperature and supply variations across all process corners is attained. An adopted trimming scheme further minimizes the overall process spread to ±1.515% without compromising on accuracy. Accordingly, a TC of 67.04ppm/°C over a wide temperature range of −50° C to 100° C is obtained. Furthermore, 1.413%/V line sensitivity (LS) in the supply range of 1.38V to 3V is observed. Low power consumption of 275.13nW@1.38V facilitates its use in high-performance low power applications.
Cytokinin signaling in hybrid aspen cambial development and growth

7 Tiivistelmä . 8 Introduction . 9 Th e importance of plants . 9 Plant growth . 9 Inspirational trees . 10 Populus as a model organism . 10 Vascular cambium . 11 Diff erentiation and cell death are required for plant life . 11 Hormonal regulation of cambial development . 12 Cytokinins . 12 Cytokinin homeostasis . 13 Cytokinin transport . 15 Cytokinin signal transduction pathway . 15 Cytokinin receptors . 17 Histidine containing phosphotransmitters . 17 Response regulators . 17 Type-A RRs . 18 Type-B RRs . 18 Type-C RRs . 18 Auxin . 19 Gibberellin . 20 Cytokinin-auxin plant hormone interaction . 21 Aims of the study . 22 Materials and methods . 23 Results and discussion . 24 Hormonal domains in the cambial zone of Populus . 24 Characterization of cytokinin signaling and homeostasis genes in Populus . 24 Cytokinin signaling and homeostasis genes are expressed in the cambial zone of Populus . 25 Th e role of cytokinin signaling in Populus . 26 Cytokinin-Auxin interaction in Populus . 28 Table of
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanomaterials Prepared by a Green, Nonchemical Route

An eco-friendly method for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was studied. Zinc acetate precursor was thermally decomposed without adding any chemical agents. The synthesized materials were thoroughly characterized by various analytical tools. The results indicated that the synthesized ZnO nanomaterials have a wurtzite structure. The estimated crystallite sizes of the materials obtained at 450, 550, 650, and 750°C (named as ZnO-450, ZnO-550, ZnO-650, and ZnO-750) were 33, 36, 38, and 42 nm, respectively. The morphology of the nanomaterials was revealed to be affected by calcination temperature, causing the formation of both nanoparticles and nanorods with different sizes and shapes. The materials were applied as photocatalysts for methylene blue (MB) decomposition under ultraviolet (UV) light. Results showed that the decomposition efficiency strongly depends on UV illumination time, size, and morphology of ZnO nanomaterials. The highest MB decomposition (99.4%) is obtained when using ZnO-750. The photocatalytic decomposition follows the first-order reaction. The reaction rate constants corresponding to the MB decomposition process with the presence of ZnO-450, ZnO-550, ZnO-650, and ZnO-750 are 0.0512, 0.0636, 0.1077, and 0.1286 min-1, respectively.
Azure‐winged Magpies Cyanopica cyanus trade off reproductive success and parental care by establishing a size hierarchy among nestlings

It is common in birds that the sizes of nestlings vary greatly when multiple young are produced in one nest. However, the methods used by parents to establish size hierarchy among nestlings and their effect on parental provisioning pattern may differ between species. In the Azure‐winged Magpie Cyanopica cyanus, we explored how and why parents controlled the sizes of nestlings. Asynchronous hatching was the main cause of size hierarchy within the brood, although the laying of larger eggs later in the laying sequence reduced this effect. Parents with asynchronous broods produced more eggs and fledged more nestlings than those with synchronous broods but their brood provisioning rates, food delivery per feeding bout and feeding efficiency did not differ. We performed a cross‐fostering experiment to synchronize some asynchronous broods. Provisioning rates of asynchronous broods were lower than those of synchronized broods, but the daily growth rates and fledging body mass of their nestlings were not different. Our findings indicate that parents of asynchronous broods can achieve higher reproductive success than those of synchronous broods based on the same parental care, and the same reproductive success as those of synchronized broods based on less parental care. It appears that parent birds can better trade off reproductive success and parental care by establishing a size hierarchy among nestlings.
A comparison between retinoscopy and autorefraction in acceptance of subjective correction in school age children

Background: Discrepancies have been reported between the results of objective refraction obtained with autorefraction (AR), retinoscopy, and the correction which is accepted by patients on subjective refraction. Aims: To assess the refractive status of school age children using retinoscopy and autorefraction, and estimate the accuracy of each in acceptance of subjective correction. Study Settings & Design: It was a prospective cohert study. Materials and Methods: School children of 6-15 years were enrolled for the study, after obtaining informed consent from the parent/guardian and assent from the children. 140 eyes of 70 children were evaluated in this study. Cycloplegia achieved using Cyclopentolate 1% eye drops and was examined by both retinoscopy and autorefraction. Subjective refraction was done and the relative accuracy of both methods with respect to subjective correction was noted. Statistical Analysis: The results were compared and statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test with p≤0.05. Results: The spherical power estimated by retinoscopy, was accepted subjectively by 89.3% eyes, while 35% eyes accepted the spherical refractive power estimated by autorefraction. The cylindrical power, estimated by retinoscopy, was accepted by 49.2% eyes, while, 72.8% eyes accepted AR values. Estimation of axis of cylinder on retinoscopy were accepted by 55.7% eyes, while those of autorefraction by 75.7% eyes. The diagnostic accuracy of retinoscopy and autorefraction were comparable, but higher agreement was found with retinoscopy for spherical power component, while autorefraction was slightly better for cylindrical refractive error. Conclusion: Conventional retinoscopy is still the most accurate objective method to estimate the refractive status in children and can be considered a reliable starting point for subjective refraction, however, autorefraction has comparable accuracy and can be a valuable aid to prescribe cylindrical correction. © 2020 Published by Innovative Publication. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
Allelic variation and mutation at human hypervariable minisatellite loci.

Human polymorphic tandemly repeated loci have been exploited in linkage analysis and have also had a profound impact on forensic and legal medicine. Most DNA typing systems assay allelic length variation at tandem repetitive loci such as minisatellites. Although these include the most informative loci in the human genome, their forensic application is limited by innaccuracies in allele length measurement, and the need to make population genetic assumptions in statistical analysis. Minisatellite alleles frequently vary not only in repeat copy number, but also in the interspersion pattern of variant repeat units, which can be assayed by minisatellite variant repeat mapping (MVR). This technique uses either restriction analysis, or more efficiently MVR-PCR, to display minisatellite allele internal structures as digital codes that can theoretically distinguish millions of alleles. MVR-PCR profiles from the hypervariable minisatellites MS31A and MS32 generate extraordinarily heterogenous codes, reflecting extreme levels of allelic variability, far in excess of that detectable by allele length analysis. These codes are appropriate for forensic investigations and for analysing allelic diversity and mutation. Comparison of MVR structures showed that most alleles at both loci were different, implying the existence of many thousands of alleles worldwide. Variation between groups of alleles with relatW MVR-structures was largely confined to one end of the locus, providing evidence for a localised mutation “hotspot”. This was confirmed by using MVR-PCR to characterise de novo mutation events at both loci. Most mutations involved gains of small numbers of repeats at the ultravariable end of the tandem repeat array, by highly polar intraand interallelic unequal conversion-like processes. Evidence suggested that this mechanism was male germline-specific, and possibly meiotic. Less frequent intraallelic deletions were seen in male and female germline and in somatic tissues. These observations suggest that the same mechanisms of repeat unit turnover may operate at different hypervariable minisatellites.
Random uniform attractor and random cocycle attractor for non-autonomous stochastic FitzHugh–Nagumo system on unbounded domains

In this paper, we introduce the concept of uniform pullback asymptotic compactness of a non-autonomous random dynamical system, and prove the existence of random uniform and cocycle attractor with autonomous attraction universes for non-autonomous stochastic FitzHugh–Nagumo system with multiplicative noise defined on whole space. Some properties of random uniform and cocycle attractor are shown. The method of tail estimates plays an important role.
Is the change in biodiversity of macro-algae in Alexandria coastal waters related to climate change?

Alexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, extending about 60 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. It is almost rocky with some narrow sandy beaches in the embayment’s (El-Wakeel and El-Sayed, 1978). Rocky shore communities are often highly productive compared to those of sediment communities (Lundalv, 1987). Among marine flora, seaweeds dominate intertidal and subtidal environments (Lüning et al., 1990). There are evidences of how climate change is affecting marine communities and consequently, the ecosystem services they provide (Cheminée et al., 2013; Doney et al., 2012; Liquete et al., 2016). Among marine flora, seaweeds dominate intertidal and subtidal environments (Lüning et al., 1990). Their role as engineering species defines the structure and functioning of the benthic assemblages through biotic and non-biotic interactions (Schiel, 2006). Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of consequences ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: Sept. 3, 2020 Accepted: Sept. 18, 2020 Online: Sept. 21, 2020 _______________
An ex situ and in vitro approach to delineate pennate diatom species with bioindicator potentials in a well mixed tropical estuarine ecosystem

An experiment was performed on selected pennate diatom species collected from the well mixed waters of the Hooghly Estuary with the aim of distinguishing the ones with qualities to be employed as monitors of their ecosystem. The Hooghly Estuary is enriched with domestic, sewage and agricultural effluents and coastal upwelling along with tide-mediated advective circulation from the mangrove forests ensure concomitant nutrient pool replenishment in this ecoregion. There have been several attempts to establish certain centric diatom species as bioindicators in various parts of the world owing to their better responsiveness to sudden shifts in stoichiometry but hardly any with pennate diatoms. Pennate diatoms are typical benthic mat formers in the intertidal regions, on submerged surfaces and thus bear greater feasibility to be employed as accurate pointers to long term deviations in their respective ecosystems, in spite of the greater sensitivity of the centric diatoms. The study was carried out in laboratory controlled environment to minimize the interference from other extrinsic factors compromising the outcome and also due to the fact that such studies to be performed in natural conditions require a decent financial support and time to conclusively arrive upon the objectives. From the present endeavour it was inferred that Nitzschia sigmoidea, Pleurosigma angulatum and Ulnaria oxyrhyncus (formerly Synedra ulna var. oxyrhyncus) stood a good chance of being recruited as bioindicators to eutrophic well mixed estuaries, similar to the one they had been sampled from.
Analysis of genetic structure of Silesian horses from Ksiaz National Stud

Analysis of genetic structure of Silesian horses from Książ National Stud. The aim of the study was to analyze the genetic composition of Silesian horses bred in Książ National Stud basing on their pedigrees and to try to answer the following question: is the subdivision of Silesian horse population really necessary to prevent local horse breed? As the material 72 pedigrees of brood mares and stallions, born between 1991 and 2009 were used. On average, 93.1% of animals were inbred, there were 96.55% inbred stallions and 90.70% inbred mares. The mean inbreeding coeffi cient for all horses was 2.3%, for inbred horses it reached 2.5%. There were more inbred mares (39) than stallions (28). All 72 Silesian horses from Książ State Stud were related with the average relationship coeffi cient of 8.5%. The total and effective number of founders were 458 and 163, respectively. The total and effective number of ancestors were 64 and 22, respectively. Among the founding breeds Thoroughbred horses predominated, the next were Oldenburg and Silesian horses, whereas among ancestors there were much more Silesian horses than Thorougbreds. All in all, the genetic diversity of the Silesian horses from Książ National Stud was satisfactory, however its monitoring is required because of both upward inbreeding and 100% related animals. Because the population of Silesian horses is small, less than 2,000 animals and sligtly over 1,000 animals included in conservation programme, the artifi cal subdivision of this population as proposed in the new breeding programme, which would result in creation of 2 subpopulations: old-type and new-type Silesian horses, is not recommended. For maintaining genetic diversity, it could be also possible to carefully import of semen or stallions of similar breeds, i.e. German Alt-Oldenburger horses or German Heavy Warmblood horses. The plan should also include the matings recommended within the population of all available Silesian horses of both types. The authors consider introducing such a program essential. It should be also clearly stated in the plan how large proportion of the Silesian mares population could be each year mated to Thoroughbred stallions. Division into two types implies that some fraction of new-type Silesian horses and their progeny would not be regarded as potential parents of individuals for the conservation programme.
Predictive Reliability and Fault Management in Exascale Systems

Performance and power constraints come together with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology scaling in future Exascale systems. Technology scaling makes each individual transistor more prone to faults and, due to the exponential increase in the number of devices per chip, to higher system fault rates. Consequently, High-performance Computing (HPC) systems need to integrate prediction, detection, and recovery mechanisms to cope with faults efficiently. This article reviews fault detection, fault prediction, and recovery techniques in HPC systems, from electronics to system level. We analyze their strengths and limitations. Finally, we identify the promising paths to meet the reliability levels of Exascale systems.
Precursors and outcome of customer satisfaction/delight in business-to-consumer relationships in Botswana

Purpose: This study examines the degree and the extent to which the satisfaction/delight of cellular network customers in Botswana is affected by the service delivery skills of network employees, the value received from offerings of the network and the trust that they have within a service environment. In addition, the effect of customer satisfaction/delight (CSD) on their loyalty is established. Design/methodology/approach: The research design applied was descriptive, and self-administered survey instruments were used to collect data from satisfied cellular network customers. For the data analysis, 350 completed questionnaires were used. In addition, the testing of proposed models was secured. Findings/results: Perceived employee service delivery, perceived value and trust have a significant positive influence on the satisfaction/delight experiences of customers, while such experiences influence customer loyalty significantly and positively. Practical implications: This study guides cellular providers towards establishing how service delivery, value and trust could improve customer satisfaction/delight among cellular customers in Botswana, leading to sustainable customer loyalty and a competitive advantage for the firm. Originality/value: Few other studies have investigated CSD experiences in relation to the stated precursors and outcome in an emerging African market.
Systematically reviewing servant leadership

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature concerning servant leadership. The paper identifies the existing themes present within the servant leadership literature. This allows it to determine where the research concerning servant leadership lies at present and make recommendations as to further potential areas for research. It further identifies the skills necessary for servant leadership. Design/methodology/approach The paper follows a rigorous three-step systematic literature review (SLR) process to identify the relevant evidence to answer the research questions. The paper disseminates the results and presents them by way of a descriptive analysis. It also conducts a thematic analysis to further determine answers to the research questions. Findings The paper found that the most prominent themes in the servant leadership literature are values, literature reviews, behaviour, assessments, performance, characteristics and antecedents. Additionally, the paper finds that the skills necessary for servant leadership are empathy, listening, communication and trust. The review also identified gaps in the research both methodologically and empirically. It showed that more qualitative research is needed with regard to servant leadership. Furthermore, the development of empirically tested frameworks is necessary within the phenomenon. Originality/value Servant leadership is a phenomenon which is lacking in a reliable, validated SLR, which this paper presents. Additionally the originality of this paper lies in its recommendations for further research which are based upon the findings of a thematic analysis. As of yet, such recommendations have not yet been made within the field of servant leadership.