Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of chicken intake using metabolomics derived markers

1 Background: Improved assessment of meat intake using metabolomics derived markers can 2 provide objective data and could be helpful in clarifying proposed associations between meat 3 intake and health. 4 Objective: The objective was to identify novel markers of chicken intake using a 5 metabolomics approach, and use markers to determine intake in an independent cohort. 6 Methods: 7 Ten participants (age, 62 y; BMI, 28.25 Kg/m 2 ) in NutriTech Food Intake Study 8 (NCT01684917) consumed increased amounts of chicken from 88 to 290 g/day over three 9 weeks. Urine and blood samples were analyzed by NMR and MS, respectively. Multivariate 10 data analysis was performed to identify markers associated with chicken intake. A calibration 11 curve was built based on dose response association using NutriTech data. Bland and Altman 12 analysis evaluated the agreement between reported and calculated chicken intake in National 13 Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) cohort. 14 Results: Multivariate data analysis of postprandial and fasting urine samples collected in 15 NutriTech revealed good discrimination between high (290 g/day) and low (88 g/day) 16 chicken intakes. Urinary metabolite profiles showed differences in metabolite levels between 17 low and high chicken intakes. Examining metabolite profiles revealed guanidoacetate 18 significantly increased from 1.47 to 3.66 mmol/L following increasing chicken intake from 19 88 to 290 g/day (P < 0.01). Using a calibration curve developed from NutriTech study, 20 chicken intake was calculated in NANS, where chicken consumers had higher guanidoacetate 21 excretion (0.70 mmol/L) than non-consumers (0.47 mmol/L) (P < 0.01). Bland and Altman 22 analysis revealed good agreement between reported and calculated intakes with a bias of 23 30.2g/day. Plasma metabolite analysis demonstrated that 3-methylhistidine (3-Meth-His) was 24 a more suitable indicator of chicken intake compared with 1-methylhistidine (1-Meth-His). 25
Living in Alaska: The Role of Self-Monitoring and Uniqueness in Subjective Well- Being

The present study investigates how self-monitoring and uniqueness personality characteristics play a role in predicting subjective well-being in Alaska after controlling for optimism and social support. West Virginia was used as a comparison group. The findings show that optimism and social support contributed to subjective wellbeing in both places, whereas self-monitoring and people’s willingness to defend their beliefs publicly predicted subjective well-being in Alaska but not in West Virginia.
Properties of Inference Systems for Floyd-Hoare Logic with Partial Predicates

The main object of research in this paper is extension of Floyd-Hoare logic on partial preand postconditions. Compositionnominative approach is used to define this extension. According to this approach semantics of extended logic is represented by algebras of partial quasiary mappings. Operations of these algebras are called compositions. Semantics of Floyd-Hoare triples (assertions) is formalized with the help of a special monotone composition. Preimage predicate transformer composition – a counterpart of the weakest precondition – is also defined. Sound modifications of inference systems with added constraints are presented. Properties of extensional and intensional completeness of such inference systems are studied.
Prospects and challenges for parametric models in historical biogeographical inference

In historical biogeography, phylogenetic trees have long been used as tools for addressing a wide range of inference problems, from explaining common distribution patterns of species to reconstructing ancestral geographic ranges on branches of the tree of life. However, the potential utility of phylogenies for this purpose has yet to be fully realized, due in part to a lack of explicit conceptual links between processes underlying the evolution of geographic ranges and processes of phylogenetic tree growth. We suggest that statistical approaches that use parametric models to forge such links will stimulate integration and propel hypothesis‐driven biogeographical inquiry in new directions. We highlight here two such approaches and describe how they represent early steps towards a more general framework for model‐based historical biogeography that is based on likelihood as an optimality criterion, rather than having the traditional reliance on parsimony. The development of this framework will not be without significant challenges, particularly in balancing model complexity with statistical power, and these will be most apparent in studies of regions with many component areas and complex geological histories, such as the Mediterranean Basin.
MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING OF TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE IN X-CLASS SOLAR FLARES

The Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) from NASA's SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment can detect changes in the total solar irradiance (TSI) to a precision of 2 ppm, allowing observations of variations due to the largest X-class solar flares for the first time. Presented here is a robust algorithm for determining the radiative output in the TIM TSI measurements, in both the impulsive and gradual phases, for the four solar flares presented in Woods et al., as well as an additional flare measured on 2006 December 6. The radiative outputs for both phases of these five flares are then compared to the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiance output from the Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM) in order to derive an empirical relationship between the FISM VUV model and the TIM TSI data output to estimate the TSI radiative output for eight other X-class flares. This model provides the basis for the bolometric energy estimates for the solar flares analyzed in the Emslie et al. study.
A narrative review of the occurrence of posttraumatic stress responses in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors

Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors may experience posttraumatic stress responses following cancer diagnosis or treatment. The current paper reviews 23 studies reporting the occurrence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and associated predictors of these outcomes in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors. Results indicate considerable variability among prevalence estimates of PTSD (0%-34.8%) and PTSS (4.4%-78%). Measurement inconsistencies limiting the ascertainment of reliable prevalence and risk estimates are discussed in the context of the reviewed literature. Specifically, differences in assessment measures utilized, the timing of assessment relative to diagnosis, the criteria used to define the outcome, and identification of the precipitating traumatic event may account for discrepancies in prevalence and risk estimates across studies. The application of specific PTSD diagnostic criteria to a survivorship population is discussed. Empirically supported interventions utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy approaches for the
In vitro controlling of selected human diarrhea causing bacteria by clove extracts (Syzygium aromaticum L.)

Antibacterial activity of clove extracts (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was proven against five diarrhea causing bacteria. This was further confirmed when compared with commonly used three commercial antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and erythromycin) as a positive control. Significant differences (P<0.0001) were observed in the effect of the antimicrobial agents (clove extracts and antibiotics), and in the sensitivities of the bacterial species (P<0.0001) to the antimicrobial agents. Clove extracts had significant (P<0.001) activity with the acetone extract demonstrating highest activity followed by antibiotics and other extracts against tested bacteria. The zone of inhibition of clove extracts was ranged from 7.33 to 12.00 mm whereas in antibiotics, it was 0.00 to 11.67 mm. Of all the bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium was the most susceptible against all of the extracts as well as concentrations of clove, while low MIC (180 mgml -1 ) and MBC (680 mgml -1 ) of the extracts were observed against Shigella dysenteriae. Consequently, clove has a significant antidiarrheal activity and it could be used as an effective antibacterial agent,
HOW MANY ENDEMICS

Three species of the genus Belgrandiella A. J. Wagner, 1928 and Boleana umbilicata (Kuščer, 1932) from springs in Slovenia and Croatia were used for this study. All of them were originally described based on minor differences in shell morphology. Molecular data showed only small differences among all the nominal taxa, typical of intrapopulation variation. COI sequences of Boleana umbilicata and Belgrandiella kusceri were identical, and Boleana should be synonymised with Belgrandiella. The molecular data strongly suggest that all four nominal species represent one biological entity – a genetically variable species. key words: DNA, genetic distance, COI, Boleana
Context-dependent conservation of the cavity-nesting European Roller

To maximize the effectiveness of conservation interventions, it is crucial to have an understanding of how intraspecific variation determines the relative importance of potential limiting factors. For bird populations, limiting factors include nest‐site availability and foraging resources, with the former often addressed through the provision of artificial nestboxes. However, the effectiveness of artificial nestboxes depends on the relative importance of nest‐site vs. foraging resource limitations. Here, we investigate factors driving variation in breeding density, nestbox occupation and productivity in two contrasting study populations of the European Roller Coracias garrulus, an obligate cavity‐nesting insectivorous bird. Breeding density was more than four times higher at the French study site than at the Latvian site, and there was a positive correlation between breeding density (at the 1‐km2 scale) and nest‐site availability in France, whereas there was a positive correlation between breeding density and foraging resource availability in Latvia. Similarly, the probability of a nestbox being occupied increased with predicted foraging resource availability in Latvia but not in France. We detected no positive effect of foraging resource availability on productivity at either site, with most variation in breeding success driven by temporal effects: a seasonal decline in France and strong interannual fluctuations in Latvia. Our results indicate that the factors limiting local breeding density can vary across a species' range, resulting in different conservation priorities. Nestbox provisioning is a sufficient short‐term conservation solution at our French study site, where foraging resources are typically abundant, but in Latvia the restoration of foraging habitat may be more important. density can vary across a species’ range, resulting in different conservation priorities. Nest-box provisioning is a sufficient short-term conservation solution at our French study site, where foraging resources are typically abundant, but in Latvia the restoration of foraging habitat may be more important.
FINDING THE FIRST COSMIC EXPLOSIONS. I. PAIR-INSTABILITY SUPERNOVAE

The first stars are the key to the formation of primitive galaxies, early cosmological reionization and chemical enrichment, and the origin of supermassive black holes. Unfortunately, in spite of their extreme luminosities, individual Population III (Pop III) stars will likely remain beyond the reach of direct observation for decades to come. However, their properties could be revealed by their supernova explosions, which may soon be detected by a new generation of near-IR (NIR) observatories such as JWST and WFIRST. We present light curves and spectra for Pop III pair-instability supernovae calculated with the Los Alamos radiation hydrodynamics code RAGE. Our numerical simulations account for the interaction of the blast with realistic circumstellar envelopes, the opacity of the envelope, and Lyman absorption by the neutral intergalactic medium at high redshift, all of which are crucial to computing the NIR signatures of the first cosmic explosions. We find that JWST will detect pair-instability supernovae out to z ≳ 30, WFIRST will detect them in all-sky surveys out to z ∼ 15–20, and LSST and Pan-STARRS will find them at z ≲ 7–8. The discovery of these ancient explosions will probe the first stellar populations and reveal the existence of primitive galaxies that might not otherwise have been detected.
Teaching Grade 11, physical sciences using locally available materials (LAMs): A case of water recycling at household level

The study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching physical sciences using locally available materials (LAMs), as a case for a culture of improving teaching in South African Schools. The significance of chemistry research-based teaching (RBTEA) approach integrating LAMs as concept was investigated in grade 11.20 students and their teachers from 4 secondary schools participated in this study. Diagnostic tools for measuring performance in the students’ invention scenario of: Water-recycling at household level device using LAMs were Research-based Tests (RBT) and Rubric Assessment Tool (RAT). Relatively high mean scores obtained from one-way ANOVA results for experimental groups A and B respectively: in RAT: X =69.2; SD=17.541 and X =68.6; SD=14,893 point out those students experienced a constructivist environment and they had the opportunity to develop inter-personal skills through RBTEA approach. The reason for poor performance in control groups C and D respectively in RAT: X =49.2, SD=19,110 and X =35.6; SD=16.757 could be lack of active participation in acquiring knowledge necessary to solve the scenario. According to analysis of data from interviews, questionnaires, and marked activities the researcher is perceived to be effective if the students had developed the necessary skills, such as self-directed learning, critical thinking, literature researching, problem solving, and collaborative learning after the trials with RBTEA approach. Diagnosis and prognosis of the findings are indicated.
Particle filters for continuous-time jump models in tracking applications

In this article we summarise recent work in modelling and estimation of continuous-time jump models for application in tracking scenarios. The models are constructed such that random jumps occur in the driving function (typically the applied force on an object being tracked) at random times, and in general asynchronously with the observation times. The sojourn times between jumps are modelled as general distributions (here gamma or shifted gamma), and hence we are in the class of semi-Markov models, since the arrival times do not form a Poisson point process (see Li and Jilkov, [IEEE Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Systems , 39(4) , 2003] for an overview of such models in the tracking setting). In contrast with other such models in the tracking literature we allow a fully continuous random set of manoeuvre parameters, rather than a discrete set of switching models, and deterministic paths during the sojourns, obeying a set of nonlinear kinematic equations for point mass motion, thus modelling the path of the object in a smooth and parsimonious fashion. These models are aimed at capturing the highly random manoeuvres of real objects in a simple way. Estimation is carried out using a Variable Rate Particle Filter (VRPF) that parameterises the model explicitly in terms of the jump times and their parameters [Godsill and Vermaak, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. , Speech, Signal Process. , 2004, and Proc. IEEE Stat. Sig. Proc., Bordeaux , July 2005. ] Extensions to the models and algorithms are also presented that allow for a diffusion component of the model, which captures continuous random disturbances to the object in addition to jumps. These are illustrated in a 3-dimensional linear Gaussian setting where the entire path, except for jump times, may be marginalised, hence making a more efficient and effective particle filter.
SCRAM Relationship between Trunk Strength and Isometric Closed Kinetic Chain Performance Mr

To include: collation of information and ideas and evaluation of those ideas relative to the extant literature/concept/theory and research question/problem; adoption of a personal position on the study by linking and combining different elements of the data reported; discussion of the real-life impact of your research findings for coaches and/or practitioners (i.e. practical implications); discussion of the limitations and a critical reflection of the approach/process adopted; and indication of potential improvements and future developments building on the study; and a conclusion which summarises the relationship between the research question and the major findings.
Classification of Spatio - Temporal Pattern of Rainfall in Iran Using a Hierarchical and Divisive Cluster Analysis

The identification of spatial rainfall pattern is an essential task for hydrologists, climatologists as well as regional and local planners and managers. This is due to the variability of both the temporal spatial distribution of rainfall. In this study, a hierarchical and divisive cluster analysis was used to categorize these patterns of rainfall in Iran. According to results obtained, there are eight main spatial groups of annual rainfall over Iran. These groups can be classified into 3 main seasonal rainfall regimes namely, winter, winter-spring and fall regimes. The results also show that the elevation and sea neighborhood affect rainfall pattern of Iran. Moreover, a comparison between the Ward and average methods of hierarchical cluster analysis indicates that the Ward method performs the spatial pattern better.
Beyond Functional Aspects of Reading Literacy : Theoretical Structure and Empirical Validity of Literary Literacy

An important educational aim in secondary school is to impart sufficient literary literacy to ensure that students are able to understand and reflect literary texts, such as lyrics, epics, or dramas. This paper presents the theoretical framework, challenges of item design and empirical results from an interdisciplinary research project which was designed to analyze a central aspect of literary literacy (LL), i.e. the ability to understand literary texts. Our study explores two questions: First, can literary literacy be assessed and modeled as a multi-dimensional construct with respect to content, form, and context? Second, is literary literacy distinguishable from factual reading literacy for expository texts? A sample of 1300 9th-graders (49% girls) from 52 German school classes participated in the study and completed tests of literary literacy and factual reading literacy for expository texts. According to the theory of semiotic aesthetics, literary literacy can be described as an at least twodimensional construct consisting of semantic and idiolectal literary literacy. This was confirmed by the data. Although literary literacy and factual reading literacy for expository texts were strongly correlated, they present partly distinct competencies. More generally, the project resulted in a reliable and valid measure of a theory-based construct of literary literacy which can be used in student assessments as well as in studies exploring the teaching and learning processes relevant to the development of this competence.
Dynamics of a Polymer Network Modeled by a Fractal Cactus

In this paper, we focus on the relaxation dynamics of a polymer network modeled by a fractal cactus. We perform our study in the framework of the generalized Gaussian structure model using both Rouse and Zimm approaches. By performing real-space renormalization transformations, we determine analytically the whole eigenvalue spectrum of the connectivity matrix, thereby rendering possible the analysis of the Rouse-dynamics at very large generations of the structure. The evaluation of the structural and dynamical properties of the fractal network in the Rouse type-approach reveals that they obey scaling and the dynamics is governed by the value of spectral dimension. In the Zimm-type approach, the relaxation quantities show a strong dependence on the strength of the hydrodynamic interaction. For low and medium hydrodynamic interactions, the relaxation quantities do not obey power law behavior, while for slightly larger interactions they do. Under strong hydrodynamic interactions, the storage modulus does not follow power law behavior and the average displacement of the monomer is very low. Remarkably, the theoretical findings with respect to scaling in the intermediate domain of the relaxation quantities are well supported by experimental results from the literature.
Additional nereidids (Polychaeta) from eastern Australia, together with a redescription of Namanereis quadraticeps (Gay) and the synonymising of Ceratonereis pseudoerythraeensis Hutchings & Turvey with C. aequisetis (Augener)

Ceratonereis pseudoerythraeensis Hutchings & Turvey, 1982, an extremely common estuarine nereidid throughout southern and eastern Australia, is synonymised with Ceratonereis aequisetis (Augener, 1913), previously only known from the Swan River, Western Australia. A new record of C. amphidonta Hutchings & Turvey, 1982, from South Australia is given from Victoria. Namalycastis cf. abiuma (Muller, 1871) is described. Material from the type locality of Namanereis quadraticeps (Gay, 1849) is described and compared to N. littoralis Hutchings & Turvey, 1982. The only known record of Pseudonereis masalacensis (Grube, 1878) from Australia is referred to Pseudonereis anomala Gravier, 1901. HUTCHINOS, P.A. & C.l. GLASBY, 1985. Additional nereidids (Polychaeta) from eastern Australia, together with a redescription of Namanereis quadraticeps (Gay) and the synonymising of Ceratonereis pseudoerythraeensis Hutchings & Turvey with C. aequisetis (Augener). Records of The Australian Museum. 37(2):101-110.
Critical success factors of a business tourism destination: Supply side analysis

Orientation: Globally, destinations offer various products and services to visitors featuring different attributes and characteristics, making each destination unique. The critical success factors (CSFs) of each of these destinations may differ, making the management process more complex. Research purpose: The purpose of this research was to identify the CSFs for business tourism destinations in South Africa from a supply viewpoint. Motivation for the study: Because of the importance of CSFs, many previous studies have attempted to identify such factors within the tourism industry, but few concentrated on business tourism, especially in South Africa, leaving a gap in terms of knowledge. By means of identifying and understanding what these factors are for South Africa, the country could further develop its tourism sector, which could result in its being more competitive as a destination. Research design, approach and method: To achieve this goal, a qualitative research approach was followed by interviewing seven key business tourism coordinators in South Africa, to determine the key success factors of the business. The data gathered were transcribed and analysed using Creswell’s six steps in data analysis and interpretation. Main findings: Finances, human resources, product and customer-related aspects were identified as the CSFs for business tourism in South Africa. Practical/managerial implications: Educating the market and marketing value add-ons were identified as important for enhancing and making business tourism in South Africa more competitive. Contribution/value-add: The results could guide managers in the implementation of effective key success factors in an effort to mitigate management problems in a very competitive sector.