David Eberhard (1995). Mamaindé stress: the need for strata. (SIL Publications in Linguistics 122 .) Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas at Arlington. Pp. ix + 159.

Mamainde is the northern member of the Nambiquara language family of westcentral Brazil. * It is spoken by some 120 persons in the Guapore Valley Reserve in Mato Grosso. This study is based on fieldwork conducted by the author in 1991—92 and is a development of his master's degree research. There are eleven chapters detailing the data to be covered, the various theories deployed (lexical phonology, metrical phonology, phonological constraints), the analysis itself (chapters 8 and 9), as well as an appendix comparing Mamainde with the stress systems of some 24 other Brazilian languages. The analysis is theoretically informed, and seems reasonable, in the light of the data assembled. As the subtitle suggests, lexical strata play a major role in determining Mamainde stress contours. Eberhard brings this point home by citing such contrasting pairs as crcrcrcr walekhdn-txu ' chief (INDEF) ' vs. &cror& onka-khatbx 'work, then' and crcrcr halo-txu 'land (INDEF)' VS. acrcr sun-i-txu 'father-in-law (INDEF) ' to show that simple odd/even position is not sufficient to locate stress. Things become a little clearer when weight is factored in: closed syllables are heavy and attract stress while open light syllables are skipped (see below); however, some closed syllables remain systematically unstressed: e.g. the third syllable in waniin-ax-wa 'I am good' and the second in wd-nunta-wa 'you obviously will come'. Other problems concern the location of main stress: in xdixna-ten-axwa ' I will go' the leftmost heavy syllable is enhanced, but in hdxtin 'quickly' the rightmost is and in kaxydix-let-nan-wa 'he wrote' the middle one is. Furthermore, the word can contain more than a single primary level stress: wd-hen-iyah-ani 'the exact time of coming'. A central proposal in Eberhard's analysis is that vowel length is predictable in Mamainde. The two major sources of long vowels are (i) an underlying open syllable under primary stress and (ii) compensatory lengthening in the wake of the resyllabification of a coda consonant to onset across a morpheme (cyclic) boundary. To illustrate the first process, /tu/ 'grab, get' appears as short in the compound stem tu-wd-ta-kxu 'get + come' ( ='bring') [tu.wai. ta.kxu] but is lengthened under primary stress in tii-ta-kxu [tui.ta.kxu] *get\ To illustrate compensatory lengthening, the final syllable of the root /wanun/ 'good' is stressed in virtue of being closed. The mora originally associated with the final /n/ is then reassigned to the preceding stressed vowel when the /n/ onsets a following syllable: /wa.nun. ax.wa/->[wa.nui. nax.wa] 'I am good'. The various Mamainde stress patterns begin to make sense once the morphology is taken into account. First (putting aside a single exception; see below), one of the syllables of the stem always bears a primary stress: e.g. walekhdn-txu 'chief (INDEF)', hald-txu 'land (INDEF)', wet-txu 'child (INDEF)'. Given that long vowels are derived, the data in (1) tabulate the inventory of stem types (L = light, H = heavy):