Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical calculation of the interior noise for the high-speed transportation under coupled multi-physical field excitations

A finite element model of a high-speed transportation was constructed, including its body in white (BIW), and traction system. And an analytical scheme on the interior structural radiation noise of a high-speed transportation was proposed under coupled multi-physical-field excitation. Rigid multi-body dynamics, boundary element method and large-eddy simulation were employed to extract secondary suspension forces, railway noise and surface pressure fluctuations, respectively, which were coupled with the structural modals to obtain the structural vibration response and noise. The experiment of vibration and noise for the high-speed transportation was conducted at speed of 350 km/h. A measuring point of vibration was randomly selected on the floor. The tendency and amplitude of its vibration velocity level and noise obtained from the experiment and simulation agreed well with each other, which validated the precision of numerical model and coupled multi-physical-field excitation.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT POTASH LEVELS ON THE GROWTH, YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENTS OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of varying levels of potash (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg K2O ha -1 ) on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar CM-2000 at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during the winter season 2003-2004. The growth and yield components were significantly increased by different potash levels. However, the differences between control and 25 kg K2O ha -1 were non- significant for the number of pods per plant and 1000-seed weight. The application of 25 kg K2O ha -1 could not increase the seed and biological yield significantly thereafter, seed yield increased gradually with the increase in potash levels and the maximum seed yield (2341 kg ha -1 ) was obtained with 150 kg K2O ha -1 . The seed protein contents also increased gradually with an increase in potash level and maximum protein contents (23.87%) were recorded with application of 150 kg K2O ha -1 . The highest potash level resulted in maximum net benefit as well.
A PEEK INTO THE UTERUS - MRI OF THE FETAL CNS

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of MR imaging of the fetal central nervous system, and to briefly discuss recent advances. Fetal MRI has been commonly used throughout the world for over 20 years. Compared to US it has better contrast resolution, allows direct visualization of both hemispheres and the additional limitations of sonography do not affect the quality of MRI. There are no known adverse short-term or long-term side effects of MRI in children, who were imaged in the fetal period. The standard protocol for fetal MRI consists of single-shot rapid acquisition T2 weighted sequences in three planes, fast spoiled gradient recalled T1 weighted sequence, T2 gradient echo sequence and diffusion weighted sequence in the axial plane. The clinical applications of advanced MRI techniques are still limited. Fetal MRI is performed to confirm abnormalities detected on US, and to exclude additional pathology. Interpreting fetal MRI images requires understanding of normal fetal CNS development and one should also evaluate other fetal structures, the umbilical cord and placenta. The most common indication for MR imaging of the fetal CNS is mild ventriculomegaly. Other common indications, that are also discussed in the article, include commissural abnormalities, infratentorial abnormalities, cortical malformations, spinal pathology and complications of monochorionic twin pregnancy. Conclusion : Fetal MRI provides important information in prenatal counseling, therefore familiarity with the applications and limitations of fetal MRI, and multidisciplinary collaboration remain essential for the radiologist involved in prenatal imaging.
SSR-Primer Generator: A Tool for Finding Simple Sequence Repeats and Designing SSR-Primers

Abstract Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are ubiquitous short tandem duplications found within eukaryotic genomes. Their length variability and abundance throughout the genome has led them to be widely used as molecular markers for crop-breeding programs, facilitating the use of marker-assisted selection as well as estimation of ge-netic population structure. Here, we report a software application, “SSR-Primer Generator” for SSR discovery, SSR-primer design, and homology-based search of in silico amplicons from a DNA sequence dataset. On sub-mission of multiple FASTA-format DNA sequences, those analyses are batch processed in a Java runtime environment (JRE) platform, in a pipeline, and the result-ing data are visualized in HTML tabular format. This ap-plication will be a useful tool for reducing the time and costs associated with the development and application of SSR markers.Keywords: EST clustering and assembly, homology- based search, in silico amplicon, PCR, simple sequence repeat (SSR), SSR-primerAvailability: SSR-Primer Generator is available at http:// 168.188. 15.158:8080/ssrpg/. A source code for SSR- Primer Generator is also available from the authors upon request (yplim@cnu.ac.kr).
The maximization of submodular functions: old and new proofs for the correctness of the dichotomy algorithm

The first purpose of this paper is to make an old (Russian) theoretical results about the structure of local and global maxima of submodular functions, Cherenin’s excluding rules and his Dichotomy Algorithm more accessible for Western community. The second purpose of this paper is to present our main result which can be stated as follows. For any pair of embedded subsets, the difference of their function values is a lower bound for the difference between the unknown(! ) optimal values of the corresponding partition defined by these subsets. A simple justification of Cherenin’s rules, the Dichotomy Algorithmand its generalization with the new branching rules from our main result are presented. The usefulness of our new branching rules is illustrated by means of a numerical example.
Impact of local data assimilation on tropical cyclone predictions over the Bay of Bengal using the ARW model

Abstract. The tropical cyclone (TC) track and intensity predictions over Bay of Bengal (BOB) using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW) model are evaluated for a number of data assimilation experiments using various types of data. Eight cyclones that made landfall along the east coast of India during 2008–2013 were simulated. Numerical experiments included a control run (CTL) using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 3-hourly 0.5 × 0.5° resolution Global Forecasting System (GFS) analysis as the initial condition, and a series of cycling mode variational assimilation experiments with Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) data assimilation (WRFDA) system using NCEP global PrepBUFR observations (VARPREP), Atmospheric Motion Vectors (VARAMV), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) A and B radiances (VARRAD) and a combination of PrepBUFR and RAD (VARPREP+RAD). The impact of different observations is investigated in detail in a case of the strongest TC, Phailin, for intensity, track and structure parameters, and finally also on a larger set of cyclones. The results show that the assimilation of AMSU radiances and Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV) improved the intensity and track predictions to a certain extent and the use of operationally available NCEP PrepBUFR data which contains both conventional and satellite observations produced larger impacts leading to improvements in track and intensity forecasts. The forecast improvements are found to be associated with changes in pressure, wind, temperature and humidity distributions in the initial conditions after data assimilation. The assimilation of mass (radiance) and wind (AMV) data showed different impacts. While the motion vectors mainly influenced the track predictions, the radiance data merely influenced forecast intensity. Of various experiments, the VARPREP produced the largest impact with mean errors (India Meteorological Department (IMD) observations less the model values) of 78, 129, 166, 210 km in the vector track position, 10.3, 5.8, 4.8, 9.0 hPa deeper than IMD data in central sea level pressure (CSLP) and 10.8, 3.9, −0.2, 2.3 m s−1 stronger than IMD data in maximum surface winds (MSW) for 24, 48, 72, 96 h forecasts respectively. An improvement of about 3–36 % in track, 6–63 % in CSLP, 26–103 % in MSW and 11–223 % in the radius of maximum winds in 24–96 h lead time forecasts are found with VARPREP over CTL, suggesting the advantages of assimilation of operationally available PrepBUFR data for cyclone predictions. The better predictions with PrepBUFR could be due to quality-controlled observations in addition to containing different types of data (conventional, satellite) covering an effectively larger area. The performance degradation of VARPREP+RAD with the assimilation of all available observations over the domain after 72 h could be due to poor area coverage and bias in the radiance data.
Behaviour , tympanic temperature and performance of dairy cows during summer season in southern Chile

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de las condiciones climáticas del verano sobre la producción de leche, actividad animal y temperatura timpánica (TT; n = 15), utilizando variables climáticas y tres índices de comodidad térmica. Los datos se analizaron considerando hora del día y categorías del índice comprensivo del clima (CCI). Se estimaron modelos de regresión simple para predecir la tasa de respiración (RR) de las vacas (α = 0,05). Los índices termales fueron normales y pobres predictores de RR (r2 < 0,35; P < 0,001). La proporción de animales en pastoreo, echados y rumiando se redujo (P < 0,002) en 9,4; 1,7%; y 5,4 cuando el valor de CCI ≥ 25, mientras que los animales en pie y bajo sombra aumentaron 7,4 y 6,3%. Además se registró una correlación positiva entre RR y CCI. Las vacas tuvieron mayores TT en las categorías de CCI “moderado” y “suave” vs. “normal”, así como también para PM vs. AM. El mayor valor de TT se observó en los días con máximos valores en los índices térmicos. Hubo diferencias tanto en la producción de leche como en los valores de CCI entre AM vs. PM (P < 0,001). Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en la producción de leche entre las categorías de CCI (P = 0,19). Aunque las vacas mostraron signos de estrés por calor la producción diaria de leche no disminuyó al asociarlas a las categorías de CCI, demostrando que los animales fueron capaces de enfrentar las condiciones climáticas estivales.
Systematic conservation planning in the Mediterranean: a flexible tool for the identification of no-take marine protected areas

Maiorano, L. , Bartolino, V. , Colloca, F. , Abella, A. , Belluscio, A. , Carpentieri, P., Criscoli, A. , Jona Lasinio, G. , Mannini, A. , Pranovi, F. , Reale, B. , Relini, G. , Viva, C. , and Ardizzone, G. D. 2009. Systematic conservation planning in the Mediterranean: a flexible tool for the identification of no-take marine protected areas. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 137-146.We propose the use of systematic conservation planning in the Mediterranean context for the identification of no-take marine protected areas (NTMPAs). We suggest a logical framework that should be used for the identification of areas to be targeted for multispecies, spatially explicit conservation actions. Specifically, we propose seven steps: (i) definition of the study area; (ii) selection of the species or habitats to be considered; (iii) definition of the planning units; (iv) measurement of the fishing effort; (v) definition of the conservation targets; (vi) review of the existing conservation areas; (vii) selection of additional NTMPAs. Moreover, we consider the potential impact of different conservation plans on existing fishing vessels. A working example is presented, focusing on a limited number of species and on a limited study area. This framework can be easily expanded to include datasets of different origin and to accommodate larger spatial scales. Such a process involves major data-collection and capacity-building elements, and conservation of productive commercial fisheries must be a priority.
In Top Gear towards Sustainable Mobility: Consumer Car Preferences and Information Search Channels

Session: The role of demand and the greening of con sumption Abstract There's a high awareness in society about negative environmental impacts of auto mobility. However, this does not directly translate into the purchase of environmentally friendly cars. In this paper, we measure the relations between (state d and revealed) car preferences and the use of information sources in the car purchasing process, based on a survey of 1392 households in the Netherlands. The analysis showed that attitudinal and behavioura l constructs are found for 'environmental', 'performance' and 'convenience' preferences. The si ze of gap between attitude and behaviour was found to vary with the preferences: the environ mental attitude-behaviour gap was found being the largest. Performance attitude and behaviour turned out to be positively related to knowledge about cars and to the use of mass media and web information sources. Environmental attitude is negatively related to knowledge about cars and to the use of m ass media and web information sources. However, people with a positive environmental attit ude that also show environmental behaviour have more knowledge about cars than people that do not translate their environmental attitude into the corresponding behaviour. This leads to the idea that not only environmental knowledge is a prerequisite for environmental behaviour, but also knowledge about cars. Opportunities are described for policymakers on how to address car bu yers with different preferences in relation to car purchase, and which information channels are best suited to that end.
A Marine Reservoir Correction Database and On-Line Interface

Calibration is essential for interpretation of radiocarbon dates, especially when the 14C dates are compared to historical or climatic records with a different chronological basis. 14C ages of samples from the marine environment, such as shells or fish bones, or samples with a marine component, such as human bone in coastal regions, require an additional consideration because of the reservoir age of the ocean. While the pre-industrial global mean reservoir correction, R(t), is about 400 years, local variations (ΔR) can be several hundred years or more. ΔR compilations on a global scale have been undertaken previously (Stuiver et al. 1986; Stuiver and Braziunas 1993), but have not been updated recently. Here we describe an on-line reservoir correction database accessed via mapping software. Rather than publishing a static ΔR compilation, new data will be incorporated when it becomes available. The on-line marine reservoir correction database can be accessed at the website http://www.calib. org/.
REVIEW : Roles of Hydrogen Peroxide in Thyroid Physiology and Disease

Evidence Synthesis: In humans, H2O2 production by dual-oxidases and consequently thyroid hormone synthesis by thyroperoxidase are controlled by the phospholipase C-Ca -diacylglycerol arm of TSH receptor action. H2O2 in various cell types, and presumably in thyroid cells, is a signal, a mitogen, a mutagen, a carcinogen, and a killer. The various protection mechanisms of the thyroid cell against H2O2 are analyzed. They include the separation of the generating enzymes (dual-oxidases), their coupling to thyroperoxidase in a proposed complex, the thyroxisome, and H2O2 degradation systems.
Investigations on the Effects of Five Different Plant Extracts on the Two-Spotted Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Arachnida: Tetranychidae)

Two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Arac.: Tetranychidae), is an economic pest worldwide including Turkey, causing serious damage to vegetables, flowers, and fruit crops. In recent years, broad-spectrum insecticides/miticides have been used to control this pest in Turkey. Control is difficult mainly due to resistance to conventional pesticides. This study was conducted to determine efficacy of pesticides extracted from five different plants [i.e., Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae), Rhododendron luteum S. (Ericaceae), Helichrysum arenarium L. (Asteraceae), Veratrum album L. (Liliaceae), and Tanacetum parthenium L. (Asteraceae)] against this mite. Bioassays were tested by two different methods to determine the effects of varying concentrations. Experiments were performed using 3 cm diameter leaf disk from unsprayed bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In addition, the effects of the extracts on reproduction and oviposition were investigated. The extract yielded high mortality. In the lowest-concentration bioassays, the adult mites laid lower numbers of eggs compared to the untreated control. No ovicidal effect was observed.
NIOBIUM ELECTROPOLISHING BY IONIC LIQUIDS: WHAT ARE

Among possible Surface Treatments, Electropolishing (EP) occupies a key role, because is the cleanest way for removing hundreds of microns of material. The standard recipe for Niobium EP foresees the utilization of a mixture of H2SO4 and HF. Literature results with this standard mixture are excellent, however the EP of thousands of cavities could become an industrial nightmare from the point of view of security at work. HF is not like other highly corrosive acids: if by accident it gets in contact with skin, pain is not felt, but F- ions begin to pass through, searching for the bone calcium. Up to little time ago, it was common opinion that Niobium EP without HF was impossible, unless of explosive mixtures based on perchloric acid. The paper will show that this statement is not true anymore. Since a few years a green chemistry based on ionic liquids has come to the fore, and our group was the first to EP Niobium by a harmless mixture of Choline Chloride and Urea heated around 150°C. If compared to the HF based recipe, ionic liquids provide an extremely high etching rate and a definitely low surface roughness. In this talk, the application attempt to 6 GHz cavity EP is reported. Exceptionally good results have been obtained by the addition of Sulphamic acid to the UreaCholine Chloride mixture. This recipe has been tested on 6 GHz monocell cavities showing at 4,2 K Q versus Eacc curves comparable with those obtained by the standard HF Electropolishing.
Transient to steady evaporation and condensation of a vapor between the cylindrical phases—Navier-Stokes and Boltzmann solutions—

Motions of a vapor, transient to steady, due to evaporation and condensation processes occurring at the cylindrical condensed phases have been considered numerically based not only on the Boltzmann equation of BGK type but also on the formulation for phase-change problems at ordinary fluid dynamic level, in other words, the Navier-Stokes equations with the boundary conditions at the interface for evaporation and condensation derived earlier from a general asymptotic analysis of the weakly nonlinear version of the Boltzmann equation of BGK type. The results based on both of these systems of governing equations agree quite well, describing even the early processes of establishment of the flow fields as well as their transient and final states. The production of the waves, shock waves and contact regions, their propagation and interaction with the condensed phases are clearly seen on both systems of equations. From this fact, the usefulness of the fluid dynamic formulation can be recognized and it can be use.
Crisis Management Skills of School Administrators in Terms of School Improvement: Scale Development

The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool for school administrators to use crisis management skills in terms of school development as pre-crisis (PC), crisis moment (CM) and post-crisis (PC). In the study, the steps of the process carried out for this purpose are explained. In the scale development process, firstly, scanning of the literature was carried out and similar scales were examined. Expert opinion has been consulted for the validity of the scale. The study group of the survey has 216 vocational high school teachers working in North Cyprus in the 2016-2017 school year. Factor analysis was performed to determine the validity of the scale. The results of the factor analysis revealed that the scale factor was a factor and that the total factor variance was 50,211% for one factor. The reliability coefficient of the scale (Cronbach alpha) was found to be 0.95. The value of Kaiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO) was found to be 0.917. Therefore, this scale has led to the conclusion that school administrators can accurately and credibly measure crisis management skills in terms of school development.
Potential short-term losses of N 2 O and N 2 from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils

Abstract. Biogas digestate (BD) is increasingly used as organic fertilizer, but has a high potential for NH3 losses. Its proposed injection into soils as a countermeasure has been suggested to promote the generation of N2O, leading to a potential trade-off. Furthermore, the effect of high nutrient concentrations on N2 losses as they may appear after injection of BD into soil has not yet been evaluated. Hence, we performed an incubation experiment with soil cores in a helium–oxygen atmosphere to examine the influence of soil substrate (loamy sand, clayey silt), water-filled pore space (WFPS; 35, 55, 75 %) and application rate (0, 17.6 and 35.2 mL BD per soil core, 250 cm3) on the emission of N2O, N2 and CO2 after the usage of high loads of BD. To determine the potential capacity for gaseous losses, we applied anaerobic conditions by purging with helium for the last 24 h of incubation. Immediate N2O and N2 emissions as well as the N2 ∕ (N2O+N2) product ratio depended on soil type and increased with WFPS, indicating a crucial role of soil gas diffusivity for the formation and emission of nitrogenous gases in agricultural soils. However, emissions did not increase with the application rate of BD. This is probably due to an inhibitory effect of the high NH4+ content of BD on nitrification. Our results suggest a larger potential for N2O formation immediately following BD injection in the fine-textured clayey silt compared to the coarse loamy sand. By contrast, the loamy sand showed a higher potential for N2 production under anaerobic conditions. Our results suggest that short-term N losses of N2O and N2 after injection may be higher than probable losses of NH3 following surface application of BD.