Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional consequences of Caribbean coral reef habitat degradation 

Abstract. Coral reefs are declining worldwide. The abundance of corals has decreased alongside the rise of filter feeders, turf and algae in response to intensifying human pressures. This shift in prevalence of functional groups alters the biogeochemical processes in tropical water ecosystems, thereby influencing reef biological functions. An urgent challenge is to understand the functional consequences of these shifts in order to develop suitable management strategies that aim at preserving the biological functions of reefs. Here, we quantify biogeochemical processes supporting key reef functions (i.e. net community calcification (NCC) and production (NCP), and nutrient recycling) in situ for five different benthic assemblages currently dominating shallow degraded Caribbean reef habitats. To this end, a custom made tent was placed over communities dominated by either one of five functional groups: coral, turf and macroalgae, bioeroding sponges, cyanobacterial mats or sand, to determine chemical fluxes between these communities and the overlying water, during both day and night. Measured fluxes were then translated into responsible biogeochemical processes by solving a system of differential equations describing the contribution of each process to the measured chemical fluxes. Estimated processes are low compared to those known for reef flats worldwide. No real gain in primary habitat is recorded, with negative or very modest net community calcification rates by all communities. Similarly, net production of biomass through photosynthesis is relatively low during the day and remineralisation of organic matter at night is relatively high in comparison, resulting in net heterotrophy over the survey period by most communities. Estimated recycling through nitrification and denitrification are high but denitrification does not fully counterbalance nutrient release from aerobic mineralisation, rendering all substrates sources of nitrogen. A multivariate pairwise analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between processes occurring on any of the assemblages, suggesting functional homogenisation between distinct substrate types. We infer that the amount and type of organic matter released by abundant algal turfs and cyanobacterial mats on this reef, likely enhances heterotroph activity, and stimulates the proliferation of less diverse copiotrophic microbial populations, rendering the studied reef net heterotrophic and the overall biogeochemical ‘behaviour’ similar regardless of substrate type.
Geographic contingency, not species sorting, dominates macroevolutionary dynamics in an extinct clade of neogastropods (Volutospina; Volutidae)

Abstract. Rates of speciation and extinction are often linked to many ecological factors, traits (emergent and nonemergent) such as environmental tolerance, body size, feeding type, and geographic range. Marine gastropods in particular have been used to examine the role of larval dispersal in speciation. However, relatively few studies have been conducted placing larval modes in species-level phylogenetic context. Those that have, have not incorporated fossil data, while landmark macroevolutionary studies on fossil clades have not considered both phylogenetic context and net speciation (speciation–extinction) rates. This study utilizes Eocene volutid Volutospina species from the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain and the Hampshire Basin, U.K., to explore the relationships among larval mode, geographic range, and duration. Based on the phylogeny of these Volutospina, we calculated speciation and extinction rates in order to compare the macroevolutionary effects of larval mode. Species with planktotrophic larvae had a median duration of 9.7 Myr, which compared significantly to 4.7 Myr for those with non-planktotrophic larvae. Larval mode did not significantly factor into geographic-range size, but U.S. and U.K. species do differ, indicating a locality-specific component to maximum geographic-range size. Non-planktotrophs (NPTs)were absent among the Volutospina species during the Paleocene–early Eocene. The relative proportions of NPTs increased in the early middle Eocene, and the late Eocene was characterized by disappearance of planktotrophs (PTs). The pattern of observed lineage diversity shows an increasing preponderance of NPTs; however, this is clearly driven by a dramatic extinction of PTs, rather than higher NPT speciation rates during the late Eocene. This study adds nuance to paleontology's understanding of the macroevolutionary consequences of larval mode.
Which stocks are driven by which interest rates?

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the return sensitivities of real estate value and growth stocks to changes in five different interest rate proxies. Using a global sample of 352 listed real estate companies from 12 countries as a test object, we find that real estate value stocks are more sensitive than real estate growth stocks to changes in the short-term interest rate. This finding is consistent with the theory that investors with shorter investment horizons trade off the high initial yield of value stocks against lower-risk short-term interest rates. In contrast, real estate growth stocks are more sensitive to changes in the long-term interest rate, which is consistent with a stronger impact on the present value of the future cash flows of growth stocks. We also find that real estate value stocks are more sensitive to changes in the credit yield. Because credit costs have a direct impact on a firm’s cost of capital, this result is consistent with risk-based theories of the value premium, which argue value stocks are riskier because they tend to have higher leverage and greater default probability.
sp2 Carbon Stable Radicals

sp2 Nanocarbons such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene molecules are not only open-shell species, but spatially extended, due to which their chemistry is quite specific. Cogently revealed dependence of the final products composition on size and shape of the carbons in use as well as on the chemical prehistory is accumulated in a particular property—the stabilization of the species’ radical efficiency, thus providing the matter of stable radicals. If the feature is highly restricted and rarely available in ordinary chemistry, in the case of sp2 nanocarbons it is just an ordinary event providing, say, tons-in-mass stable radicals when either producing such widely used technological products as carbon black or dealing with deposits of natural sp2 carbons such as anthracite, shungite carbon, and other. Suggested in the paper is the consideration of stable radicals of sp2 nanocarbons from the standpoint of spin-delocalized topochemistry. Characterized in terms of the total and atomically partitioned number of effectively unpaired electrons as well as of the distribution of the latter over carbon atoms and described by selectively determined barriers of different reactions exhibiting topological essence of intermolecular interaction, sp2 nanocarbons reveal a peculiar topokinetics that lays the foundation of the stability of their radical properties.
Normative expectations on childbearing: a study of reproductive justice

ABSTRACT This study aims to bring reproductive justice issues to a more in-depth discussion within the field of social work and to explore social work students’ understandings and perspectives on these important issues. An extensive qualitative analysis of 90 academic, published, peer-reviewed articles on the topic of reproductive justice was completed. The 20 major findings and emergent themes were identified using the conventional content analysis approach and formatted in order to be used as the foundation for developing the survey questionnaire. This questionnaire was then utilized to explore 123 university students’ perspectives on normative expectations regarding childbearing and reproduction. Findings indicated that those across the gender spectrum had similar levels of awareness of these expectations, demonstrating that personal experiences are not necessarily a prerequisite for awareness. Other identity markers like age, socioeconomic status, and parenting status did have some impact. Therefore, positionality and intersectionality do appear to play a role.
A mesoscopic model for thermal–solutal problems of power-law fluids through porous media

A mesoscopic method based on the lattice Boltzmann method for thermal–solutal incompressible non-Newtonian power-law fluids through porous media is introduced. The macroscopic equations of different representative element volume (REV) models of porous media are presented, and the equations of power-law fluids through porous media for various REV models reported. The general mesoscopic model for two- and three-dimensional cases are presented, and their derivations shown. To demonstrate the ability of the proposed method, natural convection and double-diffusive natural convection of Newtonian and power-law fluids in porous cavities are studied, and the results are validated against previous findings. Finally, double-diffusive natural convection in a porous cubic cavity filled with a non-Newtonian power-law fluid is simulated by the proposed method.
Real-Time SSDLite Object Detection on FPGA

Deep neural network (DNN)-based object detection has been investigated and applied to various real-time applications. However, it is hard to employ the DNNs in embedded systems due to their high computational complexity and deep-layered structure. Although several field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementations have been presented recently for real-time object detection, they suffer from either low throughput or low detection accuracy. In this article, we propose an efficient computing system for real-time SSDLite object detection on FPGA devices, which includes novel hardware architecture and system optimization techniques. In the proposed hardware architecture, a neural processing unit (NPU) that consists of heterogeneous units, such as band processing, scaling, and accumulating, and data fetching and formatting units is designed to accelerate the DNNs efficiently. In addition, system optimization techniques are presented to improve the throughput further. A task control unit is employed to balance the workload and increase the utilization of heterogeneous units in the NPU, and the object detection algorithm is refined accordingly. The proposed architecture is realized on an Intel Arria 10 FPGA and enhances the throughput by up to $13.6\times $ compared to the state-of-the-art FPGA implementation.
A Facile Surface Passivation Enables Thermally Stable and Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Novel IDTT‐Based Small Molecule Additive

Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted enormous attention owing to their fascinating optoelectronic properties and solution processability, defects in PSCs, which adversely affect efficiency and stability, are still not completely resolved. Herein, a novel indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐based small molecule (SM) additive (IDTT‐ThCz), capable of interacting with perovskite layers, is developed. In particular, the IDTT‐ThCz, which can perform a surface passivation, is introduced into the perovskite layer to significantly suppress perovskite defects via antisolvent treatment. Furthermore, this facile surface passivation not only significantly improves the charge extraction capability, but also prevents perovskite degradation. The IDTT‐ThCz‐treated PSCs exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.5% and retains 95% of its initial PCE after 500 h storage under thermal condition (85 °C), representing the most remarkable efficiency as well as stability among the SM additives reported to date.
Pig genome functional annotation enhances biological interpretations of complex traits and 1 comparative epigenomics 2

The functional annotation of livestock genomes is crucial for understanding the molecular 47 mechanisms that underpin complex traits of economic importance, adaptive evolution and 48 comparative genomics. Here, we provide the most comprehensive catalogue to date of regulatory 49 elements in the pig ( Sus scrofa ) by integrating 223 epigenomic and transcriptomic data sets, 50 representing 14 biologically important tissues. We systematically describe the dynamic epigenetic 51 landscape across tissues by functionally annotating 15 different chromatin states and defining their 52 tissue-specific regulatory activities. We demonstrate that genomic variants associated with 53 complex traits and adaptive evolution in pig are significantly enriched in active promoters and 54 enhancers. Furthermore, we reveal distinct tissue-specific regulatory selection between Asian and 55 European pig domestication processes. Compared with human and mouse epigenomes, we show 56 that porcine regulatory elements are more conserved in DNA sequence, under both rapid and slow 57 evolution, than those under neutral evolution across pig, mouse, and human. Finally, we provide 58 novel biological insights on tissue-specific regulatory conservation and demonstrate that, 59 depending on the traits, mouse or pig might be more appropriate biomedical models for different 60 complex traits and diseases in humans through integrating comparative epigenomes with 47 human 61 genome-wide association studies.
Decay classes of coarse woody debris in a lowland Dipterocarp forest: implications for volume, density, and carbon estimates

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is a critical structural and functional component of forest ecosystems. In tropical forests, developing a decomposition classification is required for vigorous estimates of the role of CWD in carbon (C) and nutrient cycling and habitat diversity. This study considered the relationship between decay class, termite infestation, wood density, and C content of CWD in a lowland Dipterocarp forest in Southern Vietnam. The termite infestation averaged 73% by number and 32% by volume of all CWD pieces. Microbial‐ and termite‐driven decomposition was separated in the suggested decay classification system. Five decay classes were assigned to CWD items based on the proportion of wood consumed by invertebrates, as well as softness and moisture of the remaining wood. The proportion of wood volume consumed by termites in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th decay classes averaged 2, 5, 15, 48, and 77%, respectively. The bulk density of wood of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th decay classes averaged 0.628, 0.501, 0.332, 0.169, and 0.071 g cm−3, respectively. The C concentration in wood averaged 42% and did not depend on decay class. The total C content in CWD decreased with decomposition and averaged 0.259, 0.199, 0.121, 0.037, and 0.009 g cm−3 in the CWD of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th decay classes, respectively. We conclude that in Dipterocarp forests the inventories of CWD by decay classes should include estimates of proportions of wood, termite soil substrate, and wood voids.
How Data Analytics Competencies Can Foster Business Value– A Systematic Review and Way Forward

ABSTRACT Several authors have illustrated the benefits of data in organizations. For realizing benefits, we see two major challenges for organizations. First, there are necessary investments, which have to be justified. Second, adequate data analytics competencies can be seen as enablers for realizing benefits. We aim to support organizations by showing relevant competencies and achievable business values. We present theoretical propositions and a research agenda on how to move the field of data analytics competencies forward.
Monitoring changes in the shape of the spine in children with postural disorders

BackgroundDue to numerous complications of an abnormal shape of the spine, it is extremely important to systematically monitor its shape. Precise and routine method of measurement enables comparison of the scores obtained over time and possible early intervention in order to avoid complications.The aim of the work is to present the pattern for monitoring changes in the shape of the spine in children with postural deformities.MethodsThe study group (n = 211) consisted of the patients with diagnosed shape of the spine deformity, who underwent a four-month therapy, supervised by a physiotherapist. The control group (n = 101) were the children with no shape of spine deformity.The children in the study group underwent a three-dimensional computer analysis of the shape of the spine. The DIERS test was performed in both groups (study and control). In the study group it was performed four times. It involved the measurement of seven parameters enabling a complete assessment of body posture.ResultsStatistically significant scores of the Friedman test for imbalance, pelvic tilt, kyphosis angle, lordosis angle, and lateral deviation were observed. Therefore, a series of post-hoc analyzes were performed using Dunn-Bonferroni tests. It was observed that changes in individual parameters analyzed in the authors' study come up at a different pace.ConclusionsDetailed monitoring of the parameters describing the position of the spine makes it possible to control the course of the treatment process of patients with disorders of the position of the spine. The dynamics of changes taking place within the spine position varies for the individual parameters analyzed.
Anchored Differentiation: The Role of Temporal Distance in the Comparison and Evaluation of New Product Designs

A new design can be compared with its contemporaries or older designs. In this study, we argue that the temporal distance between the new design and its comparison play an important role in understanding how a new design’s similarity with other designs contributes to its valuation. Construing the value of designs as a combination of their informational value and their expressive value, we propose the “anchored differentiation” hypothesis. Specifically, we argue that expressive value (which is enhanced by how much the new design appears different from others) is emphasized more than informational value (which is enhanced by how much the new design appears similar to others) compared with contemporary designs. Informational value, however, is emphasized more than expressive value when compared against designs from the past. Therefore, both difference from other contemporary designs (contemporary differentiation) and similarity to other past designs (past anchoring) help increase the value of a new design. We find consistent evidence for our theory across both a field study and an experimental study. Furthermore, we show that this is because temporal distance changes the relative emphasis on expressive and informational values. We discuss our contribution to the growing literature on optimal distinctiveness and design innovation by offering a dynamic perspective that helps resolve the tension between similarities and differences in evaluating new designs.
Assessing Finite Control Set Model Predictive Speed Controlled PMSM Performance for Deployment in Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) have the main advantage of using sustainable forms of energy to operate and can be integrated into electrical power grids for better energy management. An essential part of the EV propulsion system is the type of motor used to propel the EV. Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have found extensive use due to various advantages such as high power density, excellent torque-to-weight ratio and smooth speed profile over the entire torque range. The objective of this paper was to improve the dynamic response in the speed profile for different driving conditions essential in EVs. This was done by using the finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) algorithm for PMSM and by comparing and evaluating the control strategies of a PMSM used in an EV by taking two case studies. The classical control, namely field-oriented control (FOC), of PMSMs is slow to adopt the dynamic changes in the system. The proposed FCS-MPC algorithm for PMSMs provides an improved dynamic response and a good steady-state response for the different driving conditions shown in both cases. In addition, the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) is used to evaluate the FCS-MPC-controlled PMSM to depict its superior performance by matching its speed profile. The results are verified in the hardware in the loop strategy using OPAL-RT. Both the results confirm that the FCS-MPC algorithm, when compared with the conventional FOC, is superior in aspects of steady-state and dynamic responses for various torque and speed profiles.
Sperm performance limits the reproduction of an invasive fish in novel salinities

The few fish species able to reproduce across wide osmotic ranges either plastically acclimate sperm performance to, or are locally adapted to, different salinities. The invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is spreading in Eurasia and the Americas, into both fresh and brackish water. We aim to understand if reproduction in different salinities is affected by an ability to acclimate.
Text Fingerprinting and Topic Mining in the Prescription Opioid Use Literature

Prescription opioids are powerful pain-reducing medications. Thousands of articles that focus on prescription opioid use (POU) and its associated medical disorders have been published. However, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to extract and understand the information of all POU-related published articles. In this study, we applied the well-adapted topic modeling method, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), to perform text mining on POU-related literature. We have collected six large academic abstract datasets by searching PubMed using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): prescription opioid, codeine, morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and methadone. We then applied topic modeling to identify topics and analyze topic similarities/differences in these six datasets. Word clouds and histograms were used to depict the distribution of vocabularies over each topic in which the most prevalent words conveyed a topic’s meaning. TreeMap and trend analysis were performed to fingerprint abstracts and explore the prevalent topic dynamics in the POU-related literature. Results showed the ability of topic modeling as a computational tool to segregate a vast quantity of articles into different themes that provide a systematic literature overview. The LDA topics recaptured the search keywords in PubMed and revealed further relevant themes by comparison analysis between different datasets.
Asteroseismic analysis of 15 solar-like oscillating evolved stars

Asteroseismology using space-based telescopes is vital to our understanding of stellar structure and evolution. CoRoT , Kepler , and TESS space telescopes have detected large numbers of solar-like oscillating evolved stars. Solar-like oscillation frequencies have an important role in the determination of fundamental stellar parameters; in the literature, the relations between the two is established by the so-called scaling relations. In this study, we analyse data obtained from the observation of 15 evolved solar-like oscillating stars using the Kepler and ground-based telescopes. The main purpose of the study is to determine very precisely the fundamental parameters of evolved stars by constructing interior models using asteroseismic parameters. We also fit the reference frequencies of models to the observational reference frequencies caused by the He II ionization zone. The 15 evolved stars are found to have masses and radii within ranges of 0.79-1.47M⊙ and 1.60-3.15 R⊙, respectively. Their model ages range from 2.19 to 12.75 Gyr. It is revealed that fitting reference frequencies typically increase the accuracy of asteroseismic radius, mass, and age. The typical uncertainties of mass and radius are ∼ 3-6 and ∼ 1-2 per cent, respectively. Accordingly, the differences between the model and literature ages are generally only a few Gyr.