Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soil moisture seasonality alters vegetation response to drought in the Mongolian Plateau

The Mongolian Plateau (MP) experienced the most severe decadal drought of the past two millennia from 2000 to 2009 and several shorter-term droughts in the 2010s. Using satellite-based near-infrared reflectance of vegetation ( NIRV ), we examined changes in vegetation productivity of the MP from 2000 to 2018. During this time, soil moisture in March ( SMMar ) mainly determined spring NIRV , and early-summer (June and July) precipitation mainly determined summer NIRV. Our study revealed three distinct periods: the severely dry period of 2000–2009, recovery in 2010–2012, and a relatively stable period with occasional short-term droughts after 2012. While vegetation productivity experienced a significant decrease during the severe decadal drought, summer and spring productivity quickly recovered after 2010, following an increase in growing season (GS) rainfall and winter snowfall. Greater SMMar , which resulted from previous GS precipitation, contributed to smaller declines in vegetation productivity during the short-term droughts in 2014, 2015 and 2017. The decline in vegetation productivity during the severe decadal drought damaged livestock operations in Mongolia, but had a limited effect on operations in Inner Mongolia of China, where human intervention is stronger. Given evidence that drought impacts are increasing worldwide, it is important to understand the factors determining ecosystem drought responses. Many drought studies have focused on GS precipitation, but our results show that pre-GS SM can play an important role in determining drought impacts. Our results also demonstrate that strong interventions will be needed in order to sustain livestock operations during intensifying drought.
Social Media and Depression: Saudi Arabia

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of online social media (OSM) assimilation on individuals’ levels of depression in Saudi Arabia. Over the last decade, Saudi Arabia has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of OSM users. Previous studies suggest that OSM usage can be used as a predictor of many behavioral outcomes for individuals. Nevertheless, the literature on the assimilation and risk of OSM within Saudi Arabia is still very limited, especially in terms of linking OSM to depression. This cross-sectional study adopts a quantitative approach using an online survey of 626 users to measure how OSM assimilation affects levels of depression among users in Saudi Arabia. The analysis was conducted using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The result indicates that OSM usage has a significant negative impact on depression.
Genome-Wide Identi ﬁ cation and Characterization of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Longissimus dorsi Skeletal Muscle of Shandong Black Cattle and Luxi Cattle

There is an increasing understanding of the possible regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNA). Studies on livestock have mainly focused on the regulation of cell differentiation, fat synthesis, and embryonic development. However, there has been little study of skeletal muscle of domestic animals and the potential role of lncRNA. In this study, the transcriptome numbers of longissimus muscle of different beef cattle (Shandong black catle and Luxi catlle) were used to construct muscle related lncRNAs-miRNA-mRNA interaction network through bioinformatics analysis. This is helpful to clarify the molecular mechanism of bovine muscle development, and can be used to promote animal husbandry and improve animal husbandry production. According to the screening criteria of |FC| S 2 and q < 0.05, a total of 1,415 transcripts (of which 480 were LncRNAs) were differentially expressed ( q < 0.05) in the different breeds. Further, we found that the most differentially expressed LncRNAs were found on chromosome 9, in which the differentially expressed LncRNAs targeted 1,164 protein coding genes ( MYORG , Wnt4 , PAK1 , ADCY7,etc ) (upstream and downstream < 50 Kb). In addition, Pearson ’ s correlation coef ﬁ cients of co-expression levels indicated a potential trans regulatory relationship between the differentially expressed LncRNAs and 43844 mRNAs (r > 0.9). The identi ﬁ ed co-expressed mRNAs ( MYORG , Dll1 , EFNB2 , SOX6 , MYOCD , and MYLK 3) are related to the formation of muscle structure, and enriched in muscle system process, Interestingly, a candidate differential LncRNA ( LOC104975788 ) and a protein-coding gene ( Pax7 ) contain miR-133a binding sites and binding was con ﬁ rmed by luciferase reporter assay. LOC104975788 may combined miR-133a competitively with Pax7 , thus relieving the inhibitory effect of miR-133a on Pax7 to regulate skeletal muscle development. These results will provide the theoretical basis for further study of LncRNA regulation and activity in different cattle breeds. with LOC104975788 and LOC536229 (Pax7) target site (A) . Luciferase reporter assay showed signi ﬁ cantly lower luciferase activity of miR-133a co transfected with the psi-LOC112448162 vector compared to the control group ( p < 0.01). The luciferase activity of miR-133a co-transfected with psi-LOC536229 (Pax7) vector was also signi ﬁ cantly decreased relative to the control Q19 group ( p < 0.01) (B, C) . These results indicate that both LOC104975788 and LOC536229 (Pax7) contain miR-133a binding sites. Nine differentially expressed LncRNAs and ﬁ ve differentially expressed mRNAs were veri ﬁ ed by qRT-PCR (D, E) .
Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Healthy Women (IPQ-RH)

Abstract The Common Sense Model refers to the association between disease perception and health behaviors. This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Healthy People - (IPQ-RH) in healthy women about breast cancer. A total of 321 women participated, with a mean age of 55.72 years old (SD = 10.75), users of Basic Health Units. Confirmatory factor analyzes (CFAs) were carried out and the McDonald’s Omega and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated. The results of the CFAs confirmed the structure of seven factors for the IPQ-RH (CFI = .92; TLI = .91; RMSEA = .03; SRMR = .06) and of two factors for the subscale of causes of the disease (CFI = .97; TLI = .97; RMSEA = .00; SRMR = .05). The instrument’s reliability was, in general, satisfactory. The IPQ-RH has appropriate psychometric properties to investigate the illness perception in healthy women.
Is the alignment between public research organisations' R&D competence and policies really critical for technology transfer?

This study examines the effects of commercially-oriented research and development (R&D) competence and technology commercialisation (TC) policies in public research organisations (PROs) on R&D efficiency of companies when they receive technology transfer from PROs. This study especially uses three-stage data envelopment analysis in order to control the companies’ absorptive capacity and innovation hurdles that affect the efficiency. The results show that companies that receive technology transfer from PROs that have good alignment between commercially-oriented R&D competence and TC policies have higher R&D efficiency than companies that do not. On the other hand, the misalignment between PROs’ commercially-oriented R&D competence and TC policies can have negative effects on R&D efficiency of companies that receive technology transfer. Consequently, this study discloses that the alignment between technology transferor's commercially-oriented R&D competence and TC policies is critical for improving the R&D efficiency of companies when the companies acquire technologies from external organisations.
Hydrogen Sulfide Scavenging by 1,3,5-Triazinanes. Comparison of the Rates of Reaction

The reaction of 1,3,5-triethyl-1,3,5-triazinane (1b) and 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazinane (1c) with sodium hydrogen sulfide has been studied. The products were the corresponding thiadiazinanes 2 and dithiazinanes 3. The rates of the reaction, together with that of 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane (1a), were studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Their relative rates of reaction with HS- were as follows: 1c, 1; 1b, 19; 1a, 31. The rates of hydrolysis were studied for the same three compounds. In this reaction, the relative rates were as follows: 1c, 1; 1b, 12; 1a, 24. The reactions of 1,3,5-trioxane (4a) and 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane were also studied. These two compounds did not react with HS- or were hydrolyzed under the conditions used for the reactions of 1a−c.
‘(Non)dance and (non)math people’: challenging binary disciplinary identities in education

ABSTRACT In the disciplines of dance and mathematics, binary identities commonly split individuals into either (non)dance and/or (non)math people. However, these shorthand assessments become dangerous because they constrain disciplinary knowledge, and limiting one’s identity and capabilities remains antithetical to broad education goals. Capitalizing on dance as a situated, embodied form of knowledge, as well as an engaging, interactive, and social endeavor, we facilitate instruction that uses a dance-based approach to teach geometric transformations in a teacher education program. In this paper, we discuss findings from a case study intervention in a graduate-level geometry education course where we engaged participants in this transformations dance activity. We ask: What disciplinary practices did participants use in a dance-based intervention on geometric transformations? And, how did they use them? We found that the parallel disciplinary practices that the participants engaged in, in dance and mathematics, sheds light on a need in education to resist binary identities and to encourage inquiry-based practices. We aim to inspire future professional development and collaborative teaching opportunities for dance teachers in math and math teachers in dance, along with research that investigates intersections of learning, practice, and identity, particularly in dance + math.
U.S. Pacific Coastal Droughts Are Predominantly Driven by Internal Atmospheric Variability

Droughts that span the states of Washington, Oregon, and California are rare but devastating due to their large spatial coverage and potential loss of redundancies in water, agricultural, and fire-fighting resources. Such pan-coastal droughts [which we define using boreal summer volumetric soil moisture along the U.S. Pacific coast (32°–50°N, 115°–127°W)] require a more precise understanding of the roles played by the Pacific Ocean and internal atmospheric variability. We employ 16-member ensembles of the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 and Community Climate Model version 3 forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from 1856 to 2012 to separate and quantify the influences of the tropical Pacific and internal atmospheric variability on pan-coastal droughts; all other boundary conditions are kept at climatological levels to explicitly isolate for the impacts of SST changes. Internal atmospheric variability is the dominant driver of pan-coastal droughts, accounting for 84% of their severity, and can reliably generate pan-coastal droughts even when ocean conditions do not favor drought. Cold phases of the Pacific Ocean play a secondary role and contribute, on average, only 16% to pan-coastal drought severity. Spatiotemporal analyses of precipitation and soil moisture along the U.S. Pacific coast corroborate these findings and identify an antiphased wet–dry dipole pattern induced by the Pacific to play a more secondary role. Our model framework expands on previous observational analyses that point to the spatially uniform forcing of internal atmospheric variability as the more dominant mode of hydroclimate variability along the U.S. Pacific coast. The secondary nature of oceanic forcing suggests limited predictability of pan-continental droughts.
Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Machine Intelligence Through Deep Transfer and Representational Learning

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal disease that causes irreversible blindness. DR occurs due to the high blood sugar level of the patient, and it is clumsy to be detected at an early stage as no early symptoms appear at the initial level. To prevent blindness, early detection and regular treatment are needed. Automated detection based on machine intelligence may assist the ophthalmologist in examining the patients’ condition more accurately and efficiently. The purpose of this study is to produce an automated screening system for recognition and grading of diabetic retinopathy using machine learning through deep transfer and representational learning. The artificial intelligence technique used is transfer learning on the deep neural network, Inception-v4. Two configuration variants of transfer learning are applied on Inception-v4: Fine-tune mode and fixed feature extractor mode. Both configuration modes have achieved decent accuracy values, but the fine-tuning method outperforms the fixed feature extractor configuration mode. Fine-tune configuration mode has gained 96.6% accuracy in early detection of DR and 97.7% accuracy in grading the disease and has outperformed the state of the art methods in the relevant literature.
Minimal clinically important differences in SF‐36 global score: Current value in orthopedic oncology

The SF‐36 is widely used to evaluate the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with musculoskeletal tumors. Instead of typical methods, calculating the SF‐36 Global Score has recently become an increasingly common reporting approach. However, numerical changes lack clear clinical relevance. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is useful for interpreting changes in functional scores by defining the smallest change patients may perceive as clinically meaningful. The aim of this study is to determine the MCID of the SF‐36 Global Score in orthopedic oncology patients, which has not been reported to date. Three‐hundred ten patients who underwent surgery and completed two surveys during postoperative follow‐up were reviewed. The two most common methods for calculating the SF‐36 Global Score were used: (1) anchor‐based methods and receiver operating characteristic analysis based on one‐half of the SD of change score and standard error of measurement at baseline and; (2) distribution‐based methods. Using anchor‐based methods, the MCIDs of SF‐36 Global Scores #1 and #2 were 2.7 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.85) and 2.5 (AUC = 0.79) for improvement, and −1.5 (AUC = 0.81) and −0.6 (AUC = 0.83) for deterioration, respectively. Using distribution‐based methods, the MCIDs of SF‐36 Global Scores #1 and #2 were 4.1 and 4.4 by half SD, and 4.1 and 4.5 by standard error of measurement, respectively. Our findings provide benchmark values, which can serve as a reference for future studies in musculoskeletal tumor patients using the SF‐36 Global Score as a single measure for HRQoL.
Online Platform Price Parity Clauses: Evidence from the EU Booking.com case

Abstract Online platforms often impose Price Parity Clauses to prevent sellers from charging lower prices on alternative sales channels. We provide quasi-experimental evidence on the full removal of Price Parity Clauses in France in 2015 for hotels listed on Booking.com. Our analysis reveals significant price decreases in the short run, but a more limited effect in the medium run. However, hotels characterized by a more complex organizational structure decreased their prices more substantially. Overall, the intervention appears to have benefited a subset of consumers using Booking.com.
Novel N‐Halamine Disinfectant Compounds

A new series of N‐halamine compounds has been synthesized and tested for stability in aqueous solution and efficacy in inactivating several species of bacteria and algae. The compounds, which are N,N′‐dihalo‐4‐imidazolidinones, are inexpensive to synthesize and appear to have considerable potential as general‐purpose disinfectants. They have greater stability in the laboratory, as well as outdoors in direct sunlight, than do current commercial swimming pool biocides. They also are efficient at sterilizing hard surfaces (stainless steel) and could thus be useful for a variety of household and medical disinfection applications.
Spreading of pathological TDP-43 along corticospinal tract axons induces ALS-like phenotypes in Atg5+/- mice

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43)-positive inclusions in neurons and glial cells. However, the pathogenic mechanism that underlies ALS remains largely unknown. To investigate the effects of autophagy deficiency in the formation and spreading of pathological TDP-43 along corticospinal tract axons, TDP-43 preformed fibrils (PFFs) were prepared and unilaterally injected into the fifth layer of the left primary motor cortex (M1) or the left anterior horn of the seventh cervical spinal cord segment (C7) of Atg5+/- mice. After the injection of TDP-43 PFFs, the elevated levels of pTDP-43 were present in several pyramidal tract-associated regions of Atg5+/- mice. Additionally, the occurrence of spontaneous potentials detected by electromyography demonstrates evidence of lower motor neuron dysfunction in M1-TDP-43 PFFs-injected Atg5+/- mice, and prolonged central motor conduction time detected by motor evoked potentials provides evidence of upper motor neuron dysfunction in C7-TDP-43 PFFs-injected Atg5+/- mice. These results show that injection of TDP-43 PFFs into the M1 or C7 of Atg5+/- mice induces the spreading of pathological TDP-43 along corticospinal tract axons in both an anterograde and retrograde manner. Importantly, TDP-43 PFFs-injected Atg5+/- mice also display ALS-like motor dysfunction. Taken together, our findings provide direct evidence that TDP-43 PFFs-injected Atg5+/- mice exhibited ALS-like neuropathology and motor phenotypes, suggesting that autophagy deficiency promotes the formation and spreading of pathological TDP-43 in vivo.
Ab initio thermodynamics of oxide surfaces: O 2 on Fe 2 O 3 (0001)

The oxygen coverage, structure, and thermodynamic stability of (0001) surfaces of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (hematite) as a function of temperature and oxygen pressure are investigated by ab initio density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation. Spin-polarized total energy and force calculations are performed using the projector augmented wave method as implemented in the Vienna ab initio simulation package. At high chemical potentials of oxygen (i.e., high pressure or low temperature), the most stable (0001) surface of hematite is completely covered with oxygen atoms. At low chemical potentials, a structure with one surface iron atom per two-dimensional unit cell is found to be the most stable surface termination. Around 800 K at an oxygen partial pressure of 0.2 bar, this reactive surface iron atom can bind and release an oxygen atom, thus switching between formal oxidation states (III) and (V), i.e., between stoichiometric and ferrate-like states. The fully reduced (iron terminated) surface is found to be thermodynamically unstable and dissociates adsorbed oxygen molecules spontaneously.
Shuanghuanglian Injection for Viral Pneumonia: A Protocol for Meta-analysis

Background:Viral pneumonia is inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the lungs due to infection with a virus. Rapidly progressing viral pneumonia is associated with considerable mortality, representing a severe threat and imparting a substantial financial burden worldwide.Specific treatments for the viral pneumonia were not yet determined. Recently, Shuanghuanglian injection of Traditional Chinese Medicine was used to treat viral pneumonia. However,there is no systematic reviews have evaluated its efficacy and safety for viral pneumonia.Methods:We search four English databases ( Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane library) and four Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database) for all randomized controlled trial of Shuanghuanglian injection for the treatment of viral pneumonia until 11st of December , 2020. Two reviewers individually extracted data from the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data will be synthesized by either the fixed-effects or random-effects model according to a heterogeneity test, Methodological quality assessment and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane bias risk tool. Meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan5.3. 5 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.Results: Viral pneumonia has become a disease with substantial mortality. A systematic review assessing the beneficial and harmful effects of Shuanghuanglian injection for viral pneumonia is needed. This study will compare the different outcome indicators of various studies directly and indirectly.This analysis will provide a high-quality synthesis of effectiveness and safety of Shuanghuanglian injection treatment for viral pneumonia.The main outcome indicators include: Outcomes will include mortality, cure rate, efficacy or adverse events confirmed by imaging diagnosis. Systematic review registration: INPLASY2020120047.
Electron spectroscopy of ion beam and hydrocarbon plasma generated diamondlike carbon films

Mechanically hard, electrically insulating (diamondlike) carbon thin films have been produced by low energy carbon ion beam deposition and by decomposition of butane gas. Deposition parameters are presented for these two methods. The ion beam films can be produced with or without a secondary discharge in the ion source and the parameters are given for these two modes of operation. ESCA and electron energy loss (EELS) techniques have been used to examine the electronic character of these films. ESCA carbon (1s) spectra show that the films are composed mostly of C–C bonds and that a negative bias is important to eliminate C–H bonds from the butane generated films. EELS data show that the films are more diamondlike in that the strong graphitic feature at 6.5 eV is not evident in these films. Among the other measured properties of these films, the refractive index (2.3 at 5 μm) and hardness (1850 knoop) are in keeping with the diamondlike character of these films.
THEORETICAL STUDY ON SOME NITRORESORCINOLS : INTRAMOLECULAR HYDROGEN BONDING

The intramolecular hydrogen bonding of 2-nitroresorcinol and 4,6-dinitroresorcinol is investigated by both an ab initio method and density functional theory (DFT). We have considered several possible conformations in which the hydrogen bonding is hindered by rotation of the hydroxyl groups in order to see how much molecular structures are affected by hydrogen bonding. The results show that the geometries of the benzene rings in nitroresorcinols are somewhat changed by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Geometrical parameters calculated from ab initio and DFT calculations at the higher levels of theory are also in good agreement with data of electron diffraction experiments. On the other hand, the planarity of a nitro group is very responsible not only for hydrogen bonding but also for nonbonding interactions between two oxygen atoms in these compounds. We have also estimated the energy of hydrogen bonding by comparing the molecular energies between two different conformers of a given molecule. The magnitude.