Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Honor and profit lie not all in one sack : The cost of CEO reputation

This paper proposes a novel channel through which high-reputation CEOs can affect firm profitability. We posit that R&D and capital expenditures have different impacts on short-term profitability, and these two kinds of investment reduce liquidity if paid for in cash. Through a comprehensive analysis of capital investment made by high-reputation CEOs using a sample of 2,557 firms listed on the stock exchanges in Shanghai and Shenzhen over the period 2007–2015, we find that better CEO reputation is associated with lower R&D but not with lower capital expenditures. This suggests that high-reputation CEOs are more likely to seek short-term profitability, rather than manipulate liquidity. Consistent with the free-cash-flow hypothesis, we also find that high-reputation CEOs hold excess cash to pursue their own objectives, which leads to a reduction in long-run profitability. In additional analysis, CEO reputation has a significantly positive effect on short-term profitability but a significantly negative effect on long-run firm value. In contrast to the conventional view of CEO reputation as a sign of firm reputation, we document that high-reputation CEOs raise agency costs and destroy shareholder value.
Stochastic Dominance Analysis of iShares

Abstract Country indices as represented by iShares exhibit non-normal return distributions with both skewness and kurtosis. Earlier studies provide procedures for determining the statistical significance of stochastic dominance measures and the Sharpe Ratio. This present study uses these refinements to compare the performance of 18 country market indices. The iShares are indistinguishable when using the Sharpe Ratio as no significant differences are found. In contrast, stochastic dominance procedures identify dominant iShares. Although the results vary over time, stochastic dominance appears to be both more robust and discriminating than the CAPM in the ranking of the iShares.
CLEVER: A Gameful Enterprise Learning System

—Employees often lack the motivation to share their implicit knowledge with one another and are reluctant to engage in a collaborative forum for such knowledge exchange. To address this issue, we developed a gameful learning component of an enterprise knowledge management system (KMS) to help foster this process of collaborative and participatory learning. This paper introduces C LEVER , a serious game that combines trivia and strategy elements as game elements to motivate the players into knowledge exchange. Furthermore, we describe how C LEVER uses intrinsic and extrinsic motivational affordances to engage employees into enterprise knowledge learning.
Factors Affecting Haematological Variables and Body Mass of Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) and Sedge Warblers (A. schoenobaenus)

Energetically demanding life-history stages in birds (reproduction, migration) might be associated with sex- and age-specific physiological changes expressed in suppressed immune function or declined body mass. Here, we examined the numbers of red and white blood cells (RBC and WBC), the ratio of heterophils and lymphocytes (H/L)], and body mass of reed warblers (Acrocephalus sirpaceus) and sedge warblers (A. schoenobaenus) during the breeding and migration periods. Higher WBC counts and H/L ratio in adults (both warblers) and lower RBC counts (only the reed warbler) during the prelaying/laying period as compared with those during the incubation/ chick-rearing period suggest greater energetic demands during the latter period. In adults, higher H/L ratio and WBC counts in males of both species as compared with those in females during the prelaying/laying period indicate higher energy expenditures of males, probably associated with mate guarding and chasing intruders. Lower HL ratio and WBC counts in adults of both species as compared with those in immatures during the migration period suggest lower stress level of adults, possibly due to their greater experience and/or higher social status.
High-Order Distributed Consensus in Multi-Agent Networks

We deal with high-order distributed consensus protocols in multi agent networks. It is shown that the inner coupling strengths play a key role in reaching consensus for high-order systems. Scheme for choosing coupling strengths is derived for the third-order consensus and the fourth-order consensus. We found that high-order consensus can not be achieved even if inner coupling strengths are very large when they are selected incorrectly. The high-order consensus of complex networks are particularly targeted. This result helps investigate large scale multi-agent networks.
Reliability of Factors Used in Predicting Success or Failure in Parole

Attempts to predict the conduct of prisoners following release from penal institutions have developed quite rapidly since the appearance of Professor E. W. Burgess' study of parolees in Illinois. ' In 1930 Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck2 presented a study of 500 criminal careers in Massachusetts. This was about the time that George B. Vold3 was completing a study of parolees from the Minnesota State Prison. These studies have all followed the general plan of basing predictions upon the relationship of various factors affecting the individual, such as the Nature of the Offense, Previous Criminal Record, Age, etc., to success or failure on parole. Each of these studies is evidence of an increasing interest on the part of the investigators in basing the predictions, not upon a multiplicity of factors, but rather, on a group of selected factors. Selections have been suggested or made on the basis of degree of association between particular factors and parole outcome, on interrelationship among factors, and on reliability of classification, as well as on a priori considerations. Thus Professor Burgess collected data on nearly every available social factor, omitting from final consideration two which showed virtually no relation to success or failure on parole. The present writer in a study of 3,000 parolees from the Illinois State Reformatory employed a scheme of prediction which neglected every category under the several factors which did not show a definite relationship to parole outcome.4 The Gluecks assembled data on fifty different items characterizing each individual. By means of the coefficient of contingency the several factors were ranked according to the extent of association with parole and post-parole conduct. The different types of predic-
Advanced Reservoir Imaging Using Frequency-Dependent Seismic,Attributes

Our report concerning advanced imaging and interpretation technology includes the development of theory, the implementation of laboratory experiments and the verification of results using field data. We investigated a reflectivity model for porous fluid-saturated reservoirs and demonstrated that the frequency-dependent component of the reflection coefficient is asymptotically proportional to the reservoir fluid mobility. We also analyzed seismic data using different azimuths and offsets over physical models of fractures filled with air and water. By comparing our physical model synthetics to numerical data we have identified several diagnostic indicators for quantifying the fractures. Finally, we developed reflectivity transforms for predicting pore fluid and lithology using rock-property statistics from 500 reservoirs in both the shelf and deep-water Gulf of Mexico. With these transforms and seismic AVO gathers across the prospect and its down-dip water-equivalent reservoir, fluid saturation can be estimated without a calibration well that ties the seismic. Our research provides the important additional mechanisms to recognize, delineate, and validate new hydrocarbon reserves and assist in the development of producing fields.
HERSCHEL DUST EMISSION AS A PROBE OF STARLESS CORES MASS: MCLD 123.5+24.9 OF THE POLARIS FLARE

We present newly processed archival Herschel images of molecular cloud MCLD 123.5+24.9 in the Polaris Flare. This cloud contains five starless cores. Using the spectral synthesis code Cloudy, we explore uncertainties in the derivation of column densities, and hence masses of molecular cores from Herschel data. We first consider several detailed grain models that predict far-infrared grain opacities. Opacities predicted by the models differ by more than a factor of two, leading to uncertainties in derived column densities by the same factor. Then we consider uncertainties associated with the modified blackbody fitting process used by observers to estimate column densities. For high column density clouds (N(H) ≫ 1 × 10 22 ? > cm−2), this fitting technique can underestimate column densities by about a factor of three. Finally, we consider the virial stability of the five starless cores in MCLD 123.5+24.9. All of these cores appear to have strongly sub-virial masses, assuming, as we argue, that 13CO line data provide reliable estimates of velocity dispersions. Evidently, they are not self-gravitating, so it is no surprise that they are starless.
Students as Change Agents in the Community: Developing Active Citizenship at Schools.

* This study has been co-financed by the European Union and Turkish Republic (EU Project: FS2C TR2009/0136.01-02/469) and an earlier version of the study was presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting (AERA) in Chicago in 2015. 1 Correspondence to: Sibel Akin, Department of Educational Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800 Turkey. Email: siakin@metu.edu. tr 2 Department of Educational Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800 Turkey. Email: cbasak@metu.edu. tr 3 Department of Educational Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800 Turkey. Email: cennet@metu.edu. tr Citation: Akin, S. , Calik, B. , & Engin-Demir, C. (2017). Students as change agents in the community: Developing active citizenship at schools. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 17, 809–834. http://dx.doi. org/10.12738/estp.2017. 3.0176 Abstract Promoting active citizenship is seen as invaluable for educational practices in schools particularly in existing social, political, economic, and cultural context of Turkish society. The present study is part of a European Union project that aimed to help students develop knowledge, skills, attitudes and values to actively participate in democratic life, mainly by learning and exercising their rights and responsibilities as citizens both at school and also in their community. The study explored the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values developed by students through the project which are considered to be necessary for active citizenship. Employing qualitative multiple case research design, the sample consisted of 82 eight-grade students and 3 social studies teachers from three different middle schools in Ankara. The data were collected during and after the implementation of activities through observation, formative evaluation forms, student focus group discussions, teacher interviews, and the project evaluation form. The data were analyzed by content analysis method. The findings portrayed that the project activities were conducive to develop the characteristics of active citizenship in students in terms of the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values.
Automated Enrichment of Routing Instructions

Commonly used navigation instructions are based on metric turn descriptions (e.g. “turn left onto Nienburger Straße in 100 m”). For the user it is easy to follow the route, but later it is typically hard to remember how s/he got there. Orientation is based on remarkable objects or locations called landmarks. They are then linked and combined to so-called survey knowledge in the psychological model of a cognitive map. Some of today’s navigation systems also contain landmarks – they are, however, only used at decision points of the route. The goal of this research is to enhance the user's own sense of orientation by enriching common routing instructions with relational hints to landmarks. First, potential landmark objects are defined, extracted from OpenStreetMap and assigned an importance weight. The landmarks are then used to enrich the given routes: In the enrichment process, the influence of the landmarks is modeled as a decline of the weight by distance. Afterwards the most influential landmark is selected for each route segment. The 9-Intersection-Model and an adapted Direction-RelationMatrix are the core methods that are used to analyse and determine the relations between the route and the chosen landmarks. The automatic description of relevant landmarks along a route is implemented as an interactive web-map. The main goal of this paper is the development of the system. Still, a first evaluation was conducted, in order to test the users’ ability of orientation after using enriched instructions compared to users using the classic ones.
Behavior Modeling for Autonomous Agents Based on Modified Evolving Behavior Trees

In modern training, entertainment and education applications, behavior trees (BTs) have been the fantastic alternative to FSMs to model and control autonomous agents. However, manually creating BTs for various task scenarios is expensive. Recently the genetic programming method has been devised to learn BTs automatically but produced limited success. One of the main reasons is the scalability problem stemming from random space search. This paper proposes a modified evolving behavior trees approach to model agent behavior as a BT. The main features lay on the model free method through dynamic frequent subtree mining to adjust select probability of crossover point then reduce random search in evolution. Preliminary experiments, carried out on the Mario AI benchmark, show that the proposed method outperforms standard evolving behavior tree by achieving better final behavior performance with less learning episodes. Besides, some useful behavior subtrees can be mined to facilitate knowledge engineering.
Deuterium z-pinch as a powerful source of multi-MeV ions and neutrons for advanced applications

A novel configuration of a deuterium z-pinch has been used to generate a nanosecond pulse of fast ions and neutrons. At a 3 MA current, the peak neutron yield of (3.6 ± 0.5) × 1012 was emitted within 20 ns implying the production rate of 1020 neutrons/s. High neutron yields resulted from the magnetization of MeV deuterons inside plasmas. Whereas deuterons were trapped in the radial direction, a lot of fast ions escaped the z-pinch along the z-axis. A large number of >25 MeV ions were emitted into a 250 mrad cone. The cut-off energy of broad energy spectra of hydrogen ions approached 40 MeV. The total number of >1 MeV and >25 MeV deuterons were 1016 and 1013, respectively. Utilizing these ions offers a real possibility of various applications, including the increase of neutron yields or the production of short-lived isotopes in samples placed in ion paths. On the basis of our experiments with various samples, we concluded that a single shot would have been sufficient to obtain GBq positron activity of 13N .
CO 2 exchange of a temperate fen during the conversion from moderately rewetting to fl ooding

[1] Year-round flooding provides a common land management practice to reestablish the natural carbon dioxide (CO2) sink function of drained peatlands. Here we present eddy covariance measurements of net CO2 exchange from a temperate fen during three consecutive growing seasons (May–October) that span a period of conversion from moderately rewetting to flooding. When we started our measurements in 2009, the hydrological conditions were representative for the preceding 20 years with a mean growing season water level (MWGL) of 0 cm but considerably lower water levels in summer. Flooding began in 2010 with an MWGL of 36 cm above the surface. The fen was a net CO2 sink throughout all growing seasons (2009: 333.3 12.3, 2010: 294.1 8.4, 2011: 352.4 5.1 g C m ), but magnitudes of canopy photosynthesis (CP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) differed distinctively. Rates of CP and Reco were high before flooding, dropped by 46% and 61%, respectively, in 2010, but increased again during the beginning of growing season 2011 until the water level started to rise further due to strong rainfalls during June and July. We assume that flooding decreases not only the CO2 release due to inhibited Reco under anaerobic conditions but also CO2 sequestration rates are constricted due to decreased CP. We conclude that rewetting might act as a disturbance for a plant community that has adapted to drier conditions after decades of drainage. However, if the recent species are still abundant, a rise in CP and autotrophic Reco can be expected after plants have developed plastic response strategies to wetter conditions.
A High Performance EML TOSA Employing FPC Interface for 53 GBaud PAM4

We report a high speed EML assembled in the TOSA package. A low loss LCP flexible print circuit was applied as an electric interface and demonstrated large bandwidth of 35.5 GHz and low SECQ value of 2.08dB were obtained, which are comparable to EML itself. The high performance TOSA with cost effective FPC is promising candidate for 53.2 GBaud PAM4 application.
Invasion success of a habitat-forming marine invertebrate is limited by lower-than-expected dispersal ability

Species that disperse by means of planktonic larvae are typically not genetically structured along environmentally homogeneous coastlines. In contrast, those that lack a planktonic dispersal phase, or species with a short (<12 h) pelagic propagule duration (PPD), tend to show population genetic structure at small spatial scales, with dispersal often taking place by means of a stepping-stone process. These general patterns emerged in the literature after decades of studies based on relatively poorly resolving genetic markers (e.g. allozymes and DNA se- quences). However, recent evidence based on more informative genetic markers (microsatellites) suggests that stepping-stone dispersal is not uncommon in species with a PPD of days to weeks. Here, we used microsatellite data to investigate genetic structure in a non-native population of the solitary ascidian Pyura doppelgangera in southern Australia. This species is part of a group of mar- ine invertebrates with great potential to become invasive, whose 1 day PPD was considered to be sufficiently long to drive genetic homogeneity along continuous coastlines. We identified genetic structure at scales of a few kilometres, with clear signatures of larval retention at natal sites. This limited dispersal potential may explain why the species has not yet established itself throughout the invaded region. Our results add to the growing evidence that many previous studies may have over-interpreted the dispersal potential of this group, likely because of insufficient resolution of the more slowly evolving DNA markers used to make inferences at ecological time-scales.
The Power of Cointegration Tests

A cointegration test statistic based upon estimation of an error-correction model can be approximately normally distributed when no cointegration is present. By contrast, the equivalent Dickey-Fuller statistic applied to residuals from a static relationship has a nonstandard asymptotic distribution. When cointegration exists, the error-correction test generally is more powerful than the Dickey-Fuller test. These differences arise because the latter imposes a possibly invalid common factor restriction. The issue is general and has ramifications for system-based cointegration tests. Monte Carlo analysis and an empirical study of U.K. money demand demonstrate the differences in power. Copyright 1992 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
SecureNets: Secure Inference of Deep Neural Networks on an Untrusted Cloud

Inference using deep neural networks may be outsourced to the cloud due to its high computational cost, which, however, raises security concerns. Particularly, the data involved in deep neural networks can be highly sensitive, such as in medical, financial, commercial applications, and hence should be kept private. Besides, the deep neural network models owned by research institutions or commercial companies are their valuable intellectual properties and can contain proprietary information, which should be protected as well. Moreover, an untrusted cloud service provider may return inaccurate and even erroneous computing results. To address above issues, we propose a secure outsourcing framework for deep neural network inference called SecureNets, which can preserve both a user’s data privacy and his/her neural network model privacy, and also verify the computation results returned by the cloud. Specifically, we employ a secure matrix transformation scheme in SecureNets to avoid privacy leakage of the data and the model. Meanwhile, we propose a verification method that can efficiently verify the correctness of cloud computing results. Our simulation results on fourand five-layer deep neural networks demonstrate that SecureNets can reduce the processing runtime by up to 64%. Compared with CryptoNets, one of the previous schemes, SecureNets can increase the throughput by 104.45% while reducing the data transmission size by 69.78% per instance.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI

The purpose of this research are to analyze the critical thinking ability of XA grade student at SMK BIM Ngawi. This research is include of descriptive qualitative research. The subject of research is XA grade at SMK BIM Ngawi. The technique sampling is purposive samping. The technique that use to fix the data is essay written test that developed by critical thinking ability indicator, based on Facione opinion. Based on data analysis critical thinking ability is gotten average explanation score 72% high category, interpretation 63% high category, analysis 31% low category, self regulation 51% category enough, evaluation 46% category enough and inferation 62% high category. The results or research show that almost the students critical thinking ability category enough. That result give an information to the teacher to train the criical thinking ability so can improve the students critical thinking ability more.
Efficiency Map to Evaluate the Performance of Kinetic Energy Storage Systems Used with Renewable Generation

The paper presents the Kinetic Energy Storage System (KESS) efficiency map to be used in renewable applications. A description of the different components and their inner system losses using models are presented. Finally, a real renewable operation cycle is analysed. The impact through the grid oscillations of the Storage System is quantified, as well as the efficiency of the global system. Moreover, a methodology is presented to determine the number of KESS modules to cover the power and energy of the entire cycle.
Dynamics of microalgal communities in the water-column/sediment interface of the inner shelf off Parana State, Southern Brazil

were taken from the interface layer and at discrete depths up to 4 m above the sediment. Results showed a community mainly formed by benthic and planktonic diatoms >30 µm, benthic diatoms 30 µm, which accounted for most of the pigment biomass, were resuspended from the interface after turbulent periods, and may take advantage of calm periods to stay and grow at the interface. Small benthic diatoms were more susceptible to wind-induced turbulence occurring in higher densities in the water column just above the water-sediment interface. A cyanobacterial bloom (