Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extending the theoretical limits of gait stability and robustness in compliant legged locomotion

In the past, several control strategies have been suggested for legged locomotion based on the spring-mass model starting with the hopping machines that Raibert and colleagues developed [1]. Later, [2] showed with another robot that no feedback is required in hopping and running. Thus, like passive dynamic walkers, hopping and running can show selfstability. After it could also be demonstrated that biological systems seem to explore this passive control behavior (cockroach [3], human [4]), more biological and technical inspired feedforward controls exploiting self-stability have been developed. However, most of these strategies have been developed by first proposing specific control laws and then determining how the resulting control parameters influence gait stability ([5, 6]). While this approach produces stable gaits for specific controls, it does not exploit passive stability to its full extent. By contrast, [7] first studied the influence of a specific model parameter, the swing leg orientation, on gait stability using the models stride-to-stride map (apex return map) and then designed a corresponding control strategy that generates deadbeat behavior. Their work showed that return-map manipulation can be used to optimize self-stabilization.
Limits of teachers’ consciousness about processes of production and reduction of bullying

Based on the Critical Theory of Society, we analyzed seventeen interviews with teachers of five public schools from the city of São Paulo regarding the causes of bullying and what should be done to reduce it. We identified three categories of answers: those that express critical consciousness of its construction and reduction; those that indicate engagement regarding its combat, but restricted consciousness of its causes; and those that present limited consciousness in both cases. Since the weakened consciousness stood out in most cases, we concluded that amplifying actions intended to provide conceptual formation could strengthen it more than professionals who confront this form of violence, whether through direct interventions, through further research on the subject, or through the proposal of public policies.
A Multi-Feature Approach to Smoke Detection

This paper presents a method for smoke detection in video using multiple features. In this method, it is assumed that the camera that captures the video is stationary. The presence of smoke in an image creates significant changes to the regions comprising the image. Smoke increases the luminance of an image region while dark smoke decreases the luminance value. Contrast starts to decrease as smoke gets in the way. The edges of objects within the image loose their sharpness and the color components eventually decrease in saturation. Using these features, a classifier detects the presence of smoke in each region.
Genetic diversity using microsatellite markers in four Romanian autochthonous sheep breeds.

Investigation of genetic relationship among populations was traditionally based on the analysis of allele frequencies at different loci. The four Romanian sheep breeds we have analyzed in this study are very important from an economical point of view, as they are raised for milk, meat and pelts. The aim of this study was to analyze, the genetic diversity and variability of four autochthonous Romanian sheep breeds (Botosani Karakul, Karabash, Palas Milk Line and Palas Meat Line) through the use of 11 ovine-specific microsatellite markers,. The microsatellite analysis revealed high allelic and gene diversity in all four breeds. Botosani Karakul breed showed the highest mean number of alleles (11. 6), while the highest value for polymorphic information content was observed for Palas Milk Line breed (0.83). The genetic differentiation among breeds was low, but significant (FST=0.082) and highlighted breed differentiation. Genetic distance estimates and phylogeny analysis highlights genetic differentiation between Botosani Karakul and Karabash breeds and the two synthetic lines.
Freeze-drying of Flavobacterium columnare, Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Flexibacter maritimus

Freeze-drying of bacteria requires the use of a cryoprotective agent. Skim milk, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextran, sodiuln glutamate, sucrose, horse or calf serum are all routinely used. The effects of 7 suspending media, each containing 1 of these cryoprotective additives, were studied on 3 strains each of 3 fish pathogenic gliding bacteria (Flavobacterium columnare, Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Flexibacter marjtimus). The viability of preserved bacteria was evaluated by colony enumerat~on on Anacker and Ordal medium (Fa . columnare and Fa. psychrophilum) and on Difco marine medium 2216E (Fx. maritjmus), 48 and 7 2 h after inoculation. The data show the 3 bacterial species to be optimally preserved in suspending media containing D~fco Bacto Brucella Broth (2/3) supplemented with either horse or foetal calf serum (1/3). K E Y WORDS: Freeze-drying Cl-yoprotectron . Flavobacteri~~ni . Flexjbacter . Fish pathogen Three species of gliding bacteria are well recognized fish pathogens. Flavobacterium columnare (= Flexibacter columnaris = Cytophaga colun~nans; Bernardet et al. 1996) has been reported as a pathogen for many freshwater fish species throughout the world (Austin & Austin 1987). Flarrobacterium psychrophilum (= Flexibacter psychrophilus = Cytophaga psychrophila; Bernardet et al. 1996) is responsible for high mortality in salmonids, particularly in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in the USA and Canada (Holt et al. 1993) and in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Australia and several European countries (Schmidtke & Carson 1995). Flexibacter maritimus causes fish disease in sea farms in Japan (Wakabayashi et al. 1986). Scotland (Bernardet e t al. 1990), Spain (Alsina & Blanch 1993), and France (Bernardet et al. 1994). The
AUTISTIC CHILDREN IN PUBLIC SCHOOL

Schopler, Eric; Bristol, Marie Autistic kn-ildren in Public School. EPIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children, Reston, Va. Council fcr Exceptional Children. rational Inst. of Education (ED), Washington, D.C. Aug BO 400-76-0119 49p. : ERIC Exceptional Child Education Report Series, IAP No. 79-6. EPIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children, The Council for Exceptional Children, 1920 Association Dr., Reston, VA 22091 (Free while supply lasts).
Summary and Recommendations

• Ensuring that every child is wanted and born into an environment with the emotional and material resources needed to care for her or him well is a vital public health goal. The maxim ‘children by choice, not chance’ is as relevant today as it was during the genesis of the UK’s family planning services in the 1920s. Contraceptives ranging from condoms and ‘the pill’ to intrauterine devices (IUDs) and long acting injectable and implantable products enable women to control their fertility and improve their lives, as well as those of their children and partners.
An Inflation-Predicting Measure of the Output Gap in the Euro Area

Using a small Bayesian dynamic factor model of the euro area we estimate the deviations of output from its trend that are consistent with the behavior of inflation. We label these deviations the output gap. In order to pin-down the features of the model, we evaluate the accuracy of real-time inflation forecasts from different model specifications. The version that forecasts inflation best implies that after the 2011 sovereign debt crisis the output gap in the euro area has been much larger than the official estimates. Versions featuring a secular-stagnation-like slowdown in trend growth, and hence a small output gap after 2011, do not adequately capture the inflation developments. JEL Classification: C32, C53, E31, E32, E37
Social policies and activation in the Scandinavian welfare model: the case of Denmark

Scandinavian countries are characterized by a generous tax-financed social safety net which provides insurance and performs a redistributive role. While contributing to lower inequality it may imply that incentives to work are low, and yet employment rates are high. How have the Scandinavian countries been able to reconcile social objectives with a high employment level? It is argued that the Scandinavian welfare model has a strong employment focus both because it is an important element in social policy based on social inclusion, but also because a collective welfare arrangement is only financially viable if (private) employment is sufficiently high. To ensure this, the social safety net includes a number of employment conditionalities (active labour market policies/workfare) to balance income protection with an employment focus. These policies are discussed using Denmark as an example and empirical evidence is presented. The criticism of workfare is also briefly discussed.
The effect of applying COSO-ERM model on reducing fraudulent financial reporting of commercial banks in Jordan

This study aims to test the effect of applying the model of the Committee Sponsoring Organizations for enterprise risk management (COSO-ERM) on reducing fraudulent financial reporting in commercial banks operating in Jordan. Furthermore, the study identifies the role of each board of directors, audit committee, executive management, human resource management, and internal audit as one of the corporate governance mechanisms in enhancing the effectiveness of internal control systems. The study revealed an impact of applying the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations model for enterprise risk management (COSO-ERM) on preventing fraudulent financial reporting, where it reached influence around 77.8% on the dependent variable (fraudulent financial reporting). The study also found that each of internal control, event identification, risk assessment and response, and control activities variables affects dependent variable (fraudulent financial reporting) in commercial banks operating in Jordan. Abdul Aziz A. Abdul Rahman (Bahrain), Othman Hel Ajmi Al-Dhaimesh (Bahrain) BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES LLC “СPС “Business Perspectives” Hryhorii Skovoroda lane, 10, Sumy, 40022, Ukraine www.businessperspectives. org The effect of applying
Ecological impacts of small dams on South African rivers Part 1: drivers of change - water quantity and quality

Impacts of large dams are well-known and quantifiable, while small dams have generally been perceived as benign, both socially and environmentally. The present study quantifies the cumulative impacts of small dams on the water quality (physico-chemistry and invertebrate biotic indices) and quantity (discharge) of downstream rivers in 2 South African regions. The information from 2 South African national databases was used for evaluating the cumulative impacts on water quality and quantity. Physico-chemistry and biological data were obtained from the River Health Programme, and discharge data at stream flow gauges was obtained from the Hydrological Information System. Multivariate analyses were conducted to establish broad patterns for cumulative impacts of small dams across the 2 regions - Western Cape (winter rainfall, temperate, south-western coast) and Mpumalanga (summer rainfall, tropical, eastern coast). Multivariate analyses found that the changes in macroinvertebrate indices and the stream's physico-chemistry were more strongly correlated with the density of small dams in the catchment (as a measure of cumulative impact potential) relative to the storage capacity of large dams. T-tests on the data, not including samples with upstream large dams, indicated that the high density of small dams significantly reduced low flows and increased certain physico-chemistry variables (particularly total dissolved salts) in both the regions, along with associated significant reductions in a macroinvertebrate index (SASS4 average score per taxon). Regional differences were apparent in the results for discharge reductions and the macroinvertebrate index. The results suggest that the cumulative effect of a high number of small dams is impacting the quality and quantity of waters in South African rivers and that these impacts need to be systematically incorporated into the monitoring protocol of the environmental water requirements.
Speech recognition system in the A-PiMod project

This paper describes the construction of a speech recognition system for usage in the aeronautics cockpit. The primary goal of the recognizer is to allow pilots to control parts of the cockpit by voice. Speech recognition in the cockpit is challenging, because of changing context, variable noise and the possibility of off-talk. The recognizer is based on the Kaldi speech recognition toolkit and several project-specific components are implemented in C++. Additionally, a specific way of creating language model for coping with noises is presented. In general, we describe how to use a research-oriented speech recognition toolkit in a real-world application.
Variational study of U(1) and SU(2) lattice gauge theories with Gaussian states in 
1+1
 dimensions

We introduce a method to investigate the static and dynamic properties of both Abelian and non-Abelian lattice gauge models in $1+1$ dimensions. Specifically, we identify a set of transformations that disentangle different degrees of freedom, and apply a simple Gaussian variational ansatz to the resulting Hamiltonian. To demonstrate the suitability of the method, we analyze both static and dynamic aspects of string breaking for the U(1) and SU(2) gauge models. We benchmark our results against tensor network simulations and observe excellent agreement, although the number of variational parameters in the Gaussian ansatz is much smaller.
Design of Modular FMCW Radar and Quantization of Its Range Error

This study presents experimental analysis of range error of modular FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) radar operating at C-band. As FMCW utilizes frequency modulation, it can measure both range and speed of targets. One of the problems arising in the design of modular FMCW radar is error due to time delays in components and/or modules (Modular Component Delay-MCD). Then, MCD is taken into account to improve the accuracy of range measurement, and range error is quantized. This form of time delay causes frequency offset in measured beat frequency resulting in range error. Therefore, the resulting frequency offset of the radar is estimated and quantized experimentally. In this way, a mean error of about 11cm was achieved within 9m range measurements for C Band modular FMCW radar.
Compact and hash based variants of the suffix array

Manuscript submitted 2016-11-01, revised 2016-12-16, initially accepted for publication 2017-01-23, published in August 2017. Abstract. Full-text indexing aims at building a data structure over a given text capable of efficiently finding arbitrary text patterns, and possibly requiring little space. We propose two suffix array inspired full-text indexes. One, called SA-hash, augments the suffix array with a hash table to speed up pattern searches due to significantly narrowed search interval before the binary search phase. The other, called FBCSA, is a compact data structure, similar to Mäkinen՚s compact suffix array (MakCSA), but working on fixed size blocks. Experiments on the widely used Pizza & Chili datasets show that SA-hash is about 2–3 times faster in pattern searches (counts) than the standard suffix array, for the price of requiring 0.2n¡1.1n bytes of extra space, where n is the text length. FBCSA, in one of the presented variants, reduces the suffix array size by a factor of about 1.5–2, while it gets close in search times, winning in speed with its competitors known from the literature, MakCSA and LCSA.
Scope of nanoscience and nanotechnology in agriculture.

Article history: Received on: 12/09/2013 Revised on: 01/10/2013 Accepted on: 12/10/2013 Available online: 30/10/2013 Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale, deals with particles sizes between 1 and 100 nanometer at least one dimension. Particle size reduced to nanometer length scale exhibit high surface area to volume size ratio thus showing unusual properties makes them enable for systematic applications in engineering, biomedical, agricultural and allied sectors. Nanomaterial can create from bottom up or top down approaches using physical, chemical and biological mode of synthesis. Intentionally created nanoparticles are much useful to mitigate the chronic problem of moisture retention in arid soils and enhance crop production by increasing the availability of nutrients in rhizosphere.
Self-perceived food addiction :

• Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. • Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. • User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (? ) • Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain.
Design optimization of interacting sails through viscous cfd

In this paper, we present ADONF, a new numerical simulation platform for viscous flows. This platform is developed and validated to compute analysis, design and optimization of real flows around complex sails configurations through a large number of automated Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. We illustrate the ability of ADONF to search for robust, high performance, optimized fluid flows, in the field of the aerodynamic of sailing boats. Results presented focus on the optimization of the design and trimming of interacting sails because it is a question of major interest for many competitive sailors. Because ADONF is based on Navier-Stokes equations in RANS or URANS formulations, sail shape and trimming optimization in upwind and downwind sailing conditions may be addressed as will be shown. For future applications, it will be possible to extend and apply ADONF to hydrodynamic of sailing boats or any other fields in fluid mechanics governed by Navier-Stokes Equations.
Dilemma between Physics and ISO Elastic Indentation Modulus

This paper challenges the ISO standard 14577 that determines the elastic indentation modulus by violating the first energy law, and omitting easily detected phase change onsets as well as initial surface effects under load. The double iteration for incorrect fitting indentation modulus to Hook's law Young's modulus of a standard with up to 11 free parameters must be cancelled and discontinued. The iterative evaluation of the elastic modulus Er-ISO can by far not be reproduced by iteration-free direct calculation of Er, when using the underlying formulas for S, hc, Ahc, and ε. For cubic aluminium the divergence amounts to a factor of 3.5 or 3.1, respectively (both smaller for the non-iterated calculations). Every interpretation of indentation moduli as single unidirectional "Young's moduli" is false. They are mixtures from all directions and include shear moduli. The three different packing diagrams of body centered cubic α-iron exemplify the mixture of three independent Young's moduli (and thus also three shear moduli) even in this simple but already anisotropic case. More linear moduli ensue in lower symmetry crystals as exemplified with α-quartz. The first physical indentation modulus is deduced by removal of the physical errors of Er-ISO, or after indenter compliance correction EISO. Ephys does no longer violate the energy law. Five face-dependent elastic indentation moduli of α-quartz at the obsolete Er-ISO level and two tensional Hook-law Young's moduli are compared with all of its six resonance ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) evaluated Young's moduli, and with the bulk modulus. The dilemma between ISO and physics is particularly detrimental, as EISO is used for the calculation of very frequently applied mechanical parameters. These propagate the errors into failure risks of falsely calculated materials with severe violation of the basic energy law and other physical laws for daily life. Difficulties with the urgent settlement by new ISO standards are discussed. First suggestions for the use of Ephys, or Sphys, or eventually measured bulk modulus K are made. This should be urgently evaluated and discussed. *Corresponding author: Gerd Kaupp, University of Oldenburg, Diekweg 15, D-26188 Edewecht, Germany, Tel: 4944868386; Fax: 4486920704; E-mail: gerd.kaupp@uni-oldenburg.de Received October 28, 2017; Accepted December 11, 2017; Published December 21, 2017 Citation: Kaupp G (2017) Dilemma between Physics and ISO Elastic Indentation Modulus. J Material Sci Eng 6: 402. doi: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000402 Copyright: © 2017 Kaupp G. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
A pr 2 01 8 SUPERFLUIDS PASSING AN OBSTACLE AND VORTEX NUCLEATION

We consider a superfluid described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation passing an obstacle ǫ∆u+ u(1− |u|) = 0 in R\Ω, ∂u ∂ν = 0 on ∂Ω where Ω is a smooth bounded domain in R (d ≥ 2), which is referred as the obstacle and ǫ > 0 is sufficiently small. We first construct a vortex free solution of the form u = ρǫ(x)e i Φǫ ǫ with ρǫ(x) → 1 − |∇Φ(x)|,Φǫ(x) → Φ(x) where Φ(x) is the unique solution for the subsonic irrotational flow equation ∇((1 − |∇Φ|)∇Φ) = 0 in R\Ω, ∂Φ ∂ν = 0 on ∂Ω, ∇Φ(x) → δ~ed as |x| → +∞ and |δ| < δ∗ (the sound speed). In dimension d = 2, on the background of this vortex free solution we also construct solutions with single vortex close to the maximum or minimum points of the function |∇Φ(x)| (which are on the boundary of the obstacle). The latter verifies the vortex nucleation phenomena (for the steady states) in superfluids described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Moreover, after some proper scalings, the limits of these vortex solutions are traveling wave solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. These results also show rigorously the conclusions drawn from the numerical computations in [26, 27]. Extensions to Dirichlet boundary conditions, which may be more consistent with the situation in the physical experiments and numerical simulations (see [1] and references therein) for the trapped Bose-Einstein condensates, are also discussed.
Science-based entrepreneur project development process for pre-service science teachers : difficulties faced *

This study used a phenomenological research design to determine the difficulties faced in the science-based entrepreneur project development process for preservice science teachers. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews conducted with ten pre-service science teachers. The data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis. The results indicated that pre-service science teachers have most difficulty ‘making decisions on one of the innovative ideas’ and ‘making predictions about unexpected situations’. They also have difficulties ‘calculating the cost as a result of design or work analysis’, ‘identifying if the idea already existed (similarity analysis)’ and ‘making decisions on the required materials, tools, services’. These results show the need for pre-service science teachers to communicate with other institutions and organisations.