Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Evidence of Entamoeba Parasites in Australian Wild Deer and Assessment of Transmission to Cattle

Australian wild deer populations have significantly expanded in size and distribution in recent decades. Due to their role in pathogen transmission, these deer populations pose a biosecurity risk to the livestock industry. However, little is known about the infection status of wild deer in Australia. The intestinal parasite Entamoeba bovis has been previously detected in farm and wild ruminants worldwide, but its epidemiology and distribution in wild ruminants remain largely unexplored. To investigate this knowledge gap, faecal samples of wild deer and domestic cattle from south-eastern Australia were collected and analysed for the presence of Entamoeba spp. using PCR and phylogenetic analysis of the conserved 18S rRNA gene. E. bovis parasites were detected at high prevalence in cattle and wild deer hosts, and two distinct Entamoeba ribosomal lineages (RLs), RL1 and RL8, were identified in wild deer. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed the existance of a novel Entamoeba species in sambar deer and a novel Entamoeba RL in fallow deer. While we anticipated cross-species transmission of E. bovis between wild deer and cattle, the data generated in this study demonstrated transmission is yet to occur in Australia. Overall, this study has identified novel variants of Entamoeba and constitutes the first report of Entamoeba in fallow deer and sambar deer, expanding the host range of this parasite. Epidemiological investigations and continued surveillance of Entamoeba parasites in farm ruminants and wild animals will be required to evaluate pathogen emergence and transmission to livestock.
Polymyxin B/Tigecycline Combination vs. Polymyxin B or Tigecycline Alone for the Treatment of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae or Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Introduction It is not clear whether polymyxin B/tigecycline (PMB/TGC) combination is better than PMB or TGC alone in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs). Methods We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study in patients with HAP caused by CROs. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, and the secondary outcomes included clinical success and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between antimicrobial treatments and 28-day mortality by adjusting other potential confounding factors. Results A total of 364 eligible patients were included in the final analysis, i.e., 99 in the PMB group, 173 in the TGC group, and 92 in the PMB/TGC combination group. The 28-day mortality rate was 28.3% (28/99) in the PMB group, 39.3% (68/173) in the TGC group, and 48.9% (45/92) in the PMB/TGC combination group (p = 0.014). The multivariate Cox regression model showed that there was a statistically significant lower risk of 28-day mortality among participants in the PMB group when compared with the PMB/TGC combination group [hazard ratio (HR) 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.81, p = 0.004] and that participants in the TGC group had a lower risk of 28-day mortality than in the PMB/TGC combination group but without statistical significance. The incidence of AKI in the PMB group (52.5%) and the PMB/TGC combination group (53.3%) was significantly higher than that in the TGC group (33.5%, p = 0.001). Conclusion The appropriate PMB/TGC combination was not superior to appropriate PMB therapy in the treatment of HAP caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae/carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRE/CRAB) in terms of 28-day mortality.
The Leader Vitality Scale: Development, Psychometric Assessment, and Validation

One of the most important units of analysis for positive organizational psychology research is leaders and future leaders in the workplace. Leaders often have a large responsibility for and influence on the well-being and performance of their followers. They also face the unique challenge of serving their followers and the organization while needing to maintain their own vitality and well-being. Vitality can provide a foundation of energy resources to a leader to serve at their full capacity. This study develops and empirically examines a new three factor scale to measure leader vitality which includes physical, psychological, and emotional components. In study 1, a total of 175 participants (including n = 128 leaders) completed the Leader Vitality Scale (LVS) and other positive psychology related measures. Exploratory factor analysis and then confirmatory factor analysis showed that the LVS is hierarchical with three distinct factors, with overall vitality as the higher-order factor. Correlational tests with two established vitality scales for general use showed that the LVS is positively related to existing scales, demonstrating convergent validity. In study 2, data was gathered from 92 top level leaders in the C-Suite (n = 25), vice presidents (n = 23), directors (n = 21), and managers (n = 23) of organizations across the United States. Results showed that LVS scores significantly correlated with life satisfaction, positive emotions, positive functioning at work, and psychological capital. Overall, these findings suggest that the LVS is a valid measure for assessing leader vitality, and can used in future studies of well-being and positive functioning at work.
Can Self-Regulatory Strength Training Counter Prior Mental Exertion? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background Prior mental exertion consumes self-regulation and influences any subsequent physical or cognitive performance according to the strength model of self-regulation. However, the counteractive effect of self-regulatory strength training remains unclear. Objective This study aims to report a comprehensive systematic review investigating self-regulatory strength training programmes on physical or cognitive performance. Methods To select relevant studies from the available literature, a thorough search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost (CENTRAL, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, SPORTDicus), Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as the sources of reference for gray literature. Only randomized controlled trials involving healthy humans, strength-based self-regulation training programmes with comparable protocols, and a physical or cognitive task associated with the study were selected for the current review. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to develop the summary of findings. Results Twelve articles were included based on the selection criteria. Evidence certainty for outcomes was graded as either low or very low level. The majority of the studies reported that self-regulatory strength training programmes can significantly counter prior mental exertion and decrement of performance, while only one study did not find such improvement. According to the strength model, a period of training increased the ‘self-regulatory muscle. ' Conclusion Strength is an important ingredient in the resource model of self-regulation and can be trained to counter prior mental exertion and improve subsequent physical and cognitive performance. The training effects are cross-domain (e.g., emotional and cognitive domains; higher and lower levels of executive functions). However, motivation plays a key role to mobilize this resource. Future studies should examine the mechanism that underlies the strength. Systematic Review Registration https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-1-0060/, identifier: INPLASY202210060.
Sophoridine Suppresses Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection by Blocking the Activation of Cellular PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK Pathways

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous and important human pathogen capable of causing significant clinical diseases ranging from skin damage to encephalitis, particularly in immunocompromised and neonatal hosts. Currently, widely used nucleoside analogs, including acyclovir and penciclovir, have some limitations in their use due to side effects and drug resistance. Herein, we report sophoridine's (SRI) dramatic inhibition of HSV-1 replication in vitro. SRI exhibited a remarkable inhibitory influence on HSV-1 virus-induced cytopathic effect and plaque formation, as well as on progeny viruses in Vero and HeLa cells, with selection indexes (SI) of 38.96 and 22.62, respectively. Moreover, SRI also considerably suppressed HSV-1 replication by hindering the expression of viral immediate-early (ICP0 and ICP22), early (ICP8 and TK), and late (gB and gD) genes and the expression of viral proteins ICP0, gB, and gD. We suggest that SRI can directly inactivate viral particles and block some stages in the life cycle of HSV-1 after adsorption. Further experiments showed that SRI downregulated the cellular PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and obstructed HSV-1 replication even more. Most importantly, SRI markedly repressed HSV-1-induced p38 MAPK pathway activation. Collectively, this natural bioactive alkaloid could be a promising therapeutic candidate against HSV-1 via the modulation of cellular PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK pathways.
Study of BBB Dysregulation in Neuropathogenicity Using Integrative Human Model of Blood–Brain Barrier

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a cellular and physical barrier with a crucial role in homeostasis of the brain extracellular environment. It controls the imports of nutrients to the brain and exports toxins and pathogens. Dysregulation of the blood–brain barrier increases permeability and contributes to pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and ischemia. It remains unclear how a dysregulated BBB contributes to these different syndromes. Initial studies on the role of the BBB in neurological disorders and also techniques to permit the entry of therapeutic molecules were made in animals. This review examines progress in the use of human models of the BBB, more relevant to human neurological disorders. In recent years, the functionality and complexity of in vitro BBB models have increased. Initial efforts consisted of static transwell cultures of brain endothelial cells. Human cell models based on microfluidics or organoids derived from human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells have become more realistic and perform better. We consider the architecture of different model generations as well as the cell types used in their fabrication. Finally, we discuss optimal models to study neurodegenerative diseases, brain glioma, epilepsies, transmigration of peripheral immune cells, and brain entry of neurotrophic viruses and metastatic cancer cells.
Canopy and Understory Nitrogen Addition Alters Organic Soil Bacterial Communities but Not Fungal Communities in a Temperate Forest

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is known to alter soil microbial communities, but how canopy and understory N addition affects soil bacterial and fungal communities in different soil layers remains poorly understood. Conducting a 6-year canopy and understory N addition experiment in a temperate forest, we showed that soil bacterial and fungal communities in the organic layer exhibited different responses to N addition. The main effect of N addition decreased soil bacterial diversity and altered bacterial community composition in the organic layer, but not changed fungal diversity and community composition in all layers. Soil pH was the main factor that regulated the responses of soil bacterial diversity and community composition to N addition, whereas soil fungal diversity and community composition were mainly controlled by soil moisture and nutrient availability. In addition, compared with canopy N addition, the understory N addition had stronger effects on soil bacterial Shannon diversity and community composition but had a weaker effect on soil bacteria richness in the organic soil layer. Our study demonstrates that the bacterial communities in the organic soil layer were more sensitive than the fungal communities to canopy and understory N addition, and the conventional method of understory N addition might have skewed the effects of natural atmospheric N deposition on soil bacterial communities. This further emphasizes the importance of considering canopy processes in future N addition studies and simultaneously evaluating soil bacterial and fungal communities in response to global environmental changes.
New Genus and Species of Empheriidae (Insecta: Psocodea: Trogiomorpha) and Their Implication for the Phylogeny of Infraorder Atropetae

Two species of psocids discovered from the Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, Latempheria kachinensis Li, Yoshizawa, and Yao, gen. et sp. nov. and Burmempheria curvatavena Li, Yoshizawa, and Yao, sp. nov., are described and assigned to the Empheriidae (Trogiomorpha: Atropetae) family. A phylogenetic analysis of the infraorder Atropetae is conducted based on 38 morphological characters of three outgroups and fifteen ingroups, which supported the monophyly of Atropetae including fossil and extant taxa. In the phylogenetic result, all the genera of fossil families Empheriidae and Archaeatropidae form a monophyletic group, sister to the extant members of Atropetae. The two fossil families also share a lot of similarities in morphology, locality, and geological period. Recently discovered fossil species exhibited combined morphological characters of both families. Based on these observations and the results of the phylogenetic analysis, Archaeatropidae is treated here as a new junior synonym of Empheriidae.
Predictors of International Entrepreneurial Intention Among Young Adults: Social Cognitive Theory

This study investigated the psychological mechanism by which parents’ socioeconomic status, including income and social class, influences the international entrepreneurship intentions of young adults. Two datasets, self-reported (survey) and objective, were collected from 372 undergraduate students across 19 universities in China. Parents’ income and social class had a positive effect on international entrepreneurship intentions. Sense of power and motivational cultural intelligence (CQ) played mediating roles in this relationship, and work experience moderated this relationship. The mediation tests revealed that sense of power and motivational CQ comprise a serial mediation process, in that order. The effect of motivational CQ on international entrepreneurship intentions was strengthened by young adults’ work experience. We identified the underlying mechanism and moderator of the relationship between socioeconomic factors and international entrepreneurship intentions.
The Emotional Lockdown: How Social Distancing and Mask Wearing Influence Mood and Emotion Recognition in Adolescents and Adults

During the COVID-19 pandemic, government-mandated protection measures such as contact restrictions and mask wearing significantly affected social interactions. In the current preregistered studies we hypothesized that such measures could influence self-reported mood in adults and in adolescents between 12 and 13 years of age, who are in a critical phase of social development. We found that mood was positively related to face-to-face but not to virtual interactions in adults and that virtual interactions were associated with negative mood in adolescents. This suggests that contact restrictions leading to a decrease in face-to-face compared to virtual interactions may be related to negative mood. To understand if prolonged exposure to people wearing masks during the pandemic might be related to increased sensitivity for subtle visual cues to others’ emotions from the eye region of the face, we also presented both age groups with the same standardized emotion recognition test. We found slightly better performance in emotion recognition from the eyes in our student sample tested during the pandemic relative to a comparable sample tested prior to the pandemic although these differences were restricted to female participants. Adolescents were also better at classifying emotions from the eyes in the current study than in a pre-pandemic sample, with no gender effects occurring in this age group. In conclusion, while social distancing might have detrimental effects on self-reported mood, the ability to recognize others’ emotions from subtle visual cues around the eye region remained comparable or might have even improved during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Rapid Spectral Dynamics in Hippocampal Oscillons

Neurons in the brain are submerged into oscillating extracellular potential produced by synchronized synaptic currents. The dynamics of these oscillations is one of the principal characteristics of neurophysiological activity, broadly studied in basic neuroscience and used in applications. However, our interpretation of the brain waves' structure and hence our understanding of their functions depend on the mathematical and computational approaches used for data analysis. The oscillatory nature of the wave dynamics favors Fourier methods, which have dominated the field for several decades and currently constitute the only systematic approach to brain rhythms. In the following study, we outline an alternative framework for analyzing waves of local field potentials (LFPs) and discuss a set of new structures that it uncovers: a discrete set of frequency-modulated oscillatory processes—the brain wave oscillons and their transient spectral dynamics.
Intensity Dependent Effects of Interval Resistance Training on Myokines and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Males With Obesity

Objective To determine the effects of different intensities of interval resistance training (IRT) protocols on the levels of select myokines (decorin, follistatin, myostatin, activin A, transforming growth factor beta-1 [TGF-β1]), and cardiometabolic and anthropometric measures in males with obesity. Methods Forty-four obese males (age: 27.5 ± 9.4 yr.; height: 165.4 ± 2.8 cm; weight: 97.9 ± 2.6 kg and BMI: 35.7 ± 4.3 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=11 per group): low-intensity interval resistance training (LIIRT), moderate-intensity interval resistance training (MIIRT), high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) or control (C). The LIIRT group performed 10 exercises in 3 sets of 40% (20 repetitions), the MIIRT group performed 10 exercises in three sets of 60% (13 repetitions), and the HIIRT group performed 10 exercises in three sets of 80% (10 repetitions) of one maximum repetition (1RM), which were followed with active rest of 20% of 1RM and 15 repetitions. The resistance training groups exercised ~70 min per session, 3 days per week, for 12 weeks. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of exercise training. Results Baseline levels of myokines, cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometry, body composition, and cardio-respiratory fitness were not different between the four groups (p>0.05). The group x time interactions for decorin, activin A, follistatin, myostatin, and TGF-β1, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density cholesterol (HDL), low-density cholesterol (LDL), anthropometry, body composition, and cardio-respiratory fitness were statistically significant (p<0.05). There were increases in post-test values for decorin, follistatin, HDL (p<0.05) and decreases in TC, TG, TGF-β1, LDL, and myostatin levels in the LIIRT, MIIRT, and HIIRT groups compared to pretest values (p<0.05). Changes in fat mass, VO2peak, HDL, TG, glucose, activin A, decorin were not significant in LIIRT compared to the control group, while changes in activin A, follistatin, and TFG-β1 levels were greater in HIIRT and MIIRT groups compared to the LIIRT group (p<0.05). Conclusion The LIIRT, MIIRT, and HIIRT protocols all produced beneficial changes in decorin, activin A, follistatin, myostatin, and TGF-β1 levels, and cardiometabolic risk factors, with greater effects from the MIIRT and HIIRT protocols compared to LIIRT.
An Intelligent Diagnostic System for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Based on Facial Images

Background Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is one of the most common orbital diseases that seriously threatens visual function and significantly affects patients’ appearances, rendering them unable to work. This study established an intelligent diagnostic system for TAO based on facial images. Methods Patient images and data were obtained from medical records of patients with TAO who visited Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from 2013 to 2018. Eyelid retraction, ocular dyskinesia, conjunctival congestion, and other signs were noted on the images. Patients were classified according to the types, stages, and grades of TAO based on the diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic system consisted of multiple task-specific models. Results The intelligent diagnostic system accurately diagnosed TAO in three stages. The built-in models pre-processed the facial images and diagnosed multiple TAO signs, with average areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves exceeding 0.85 (F1 score >0.80). Conclusion The intelligent diagnostic system introduced in this study accurately identified several common signs of TAO.
The Brain in Oral Clefting: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses

Background Neuroimaging of individuals with non-syndromic oral clefts have revealed subtle brain structural differences compared to matched controls. Previous studies strongly suggest a unified primary dysfunction of normal brain and face development which could explain these neuroanatomical differences and the neuropsychiatric issues frequently observed in these individuals. Currently there are no studies that have assessed the overall empirical evidence of the association between oral clefts and brain structure. Our aim was to summarize the available evidence on potential brain structural differences in individuals with non-syndromic oral clefts and their matched controls. Methods MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Embase were systematically searched in September 2020 for case-control studies that reported structural brain MRI in individuals with non-syndromic oral clefts and healthy controls. Studies of syndromic oral clefts were excluded. Two review authors independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data and assessed risk of bias with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were performed in order to compare global and regional brain MRI volumes. Results Ten studies from 18 records were included in the review. A total of 741 participants were analyzed. A moderate to high risk of bias was determined for the included studies. The cerebellum (MD: −12.46 cm3, 95% CI: −18.26, −6.67, n = 3 studies, 354 participants), occipital lobes (MD: −7.39, 95% CI: −12.80, −1.99, n = 2 studies, 120 participants), temporal lobes (MD: −10.53 cm3, 95% CI: −18.23, −2.82, n = 2 studies, 120 participants) and total gray matter (MD: −41.14 cm3; 95% CI: −57.36 to −24.92, n = 2 studies, 172 participants) were significantly smaller in the cleft group compared to controls. Discussion There may be structural brain differences between individuals with non-syndromic oral clefts and controls based on the available evidence. Improvement in study design, size, methodology and participant selection could allow a more thorough analysis and decrease study heterogeneity.