Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Photoperiod and Melatonin Implants on Feed Intake in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Postsmolts

High melatonin concentrations were expected to negatively affect Atlantic salmon appetite. Hence, individually kept Atlantic salmon postsmolts were subjected to continuous light (24:0, L:L) or natural daylight (12:12, L:D) and then given intraperitoneal implants of slow release melatonin in a 2 by 2 factorial design. Possible effects on food intake were monitored over three weeks. In addition, a plasma melatonin assessment test was run in parallel to monitor diurnal blood levels of melatonin through the trial. The surgical intervention was effective, leading to a 10x increase in mean melatonin levels when compared to control fish, but neither the implant nor the change in daylight had any significant effect on feed intake, at least in the short term.
Magnetic field structure around cores with very low luminosity objects

Aims. We carried out optical polarimetry of five dense cores, (IRAM 04191, L1521F, L328, L673-7, and L1014) which are found to harbour very low luminosity objects (VeLLOs; Lint < 0.1 L� ). This study was conducted mainly to understand the role played by the magnetic field in the formation of very low and substellar mass range objects. Methods. Light from the stars, while passing through the dust grains that are aligned with their short axis parallel to an external magnetic field, becomes linearly polarised. The polarisation position angles measured for the stars can provide the plane-of-the sky magnetic field orientation. Because the light in the optical wavelength range is most efficiently polarised by the dust grains typically found at the outer layers of the molecular clouds, optical polarimetry mostly traces the magnetic field orientation of the core envelope. Results. The polarisation observations of stars projected on IRAM 04191, L328, L673-7, and L1014 were obtained in the R-band and those of L1521F were obtained in the V-band. The angular offsets between the envelope magnetic field direction (inferred from optical polarisation measurements) and the outflow position angles from the VeLLOs in IRAM 04191, L1521F, L328, L673-7, and L1014 are found to be 84 ◦ ,5 3 ◦ ,2 4 ◦ ,0 8 ◦ , and 15 ◦ , respectively. The mean value of the offsets for all the five clouds is ∼37 ◦ . I f we exclude IRAM 04191, the mean value reduces to become ∼25 ◦ . In IRAM 04191, the offset between the projected envelope and the inner magnetic field (inferred from the submillimetre data obtained using SCUBA-POL) is found to be ∼68 ◦ . The inner magnetic field, however, is found to be nearly aligned with the projected position angles of the minor axis, the rotation axis of the cloud, and the outflow from the IRAM 04191-IRS. We discuss a possible explanation for the nearly perpendicular orientation between the envelope and core scale magnetic fields in IRAM 04191. The angular offset between the envelope magnetic field direction and the minor axis of IRAM 04191, L1521F, L673-7, and L1014 are 82 ◦ ,6 0 ◦ ,4 7 ◦ , and 55 ◦ , respectively. The mean value of the offsets between the envelope magnetic field and the minor axis position angles for the four cores is found to be ∼60 ◦ . Conclusions. The results obtained from our study on the limited sample of five cores with VeLLOs show that the outflows in three of them tend to nearly align with the envelope magnetic field.
Fabrication of (Polymer Blend-magnesium Oxide) Nanoparticle and Studying their Optical Properties for Optoelectronic Applications

Nanocomposites used in many optical devices applications. This aims to preparation of new type of polymer and study their optical properties. The polyvinyl pyrrolidone-carboxymethyl cellulose blend and magnesium oxide nanocomposites have been fabricated. The nanocomposites are prepared for different concentrations of polymer blend and magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The optical properties of nanocomposites were studied. The experimental results showed that the absorbance, absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and optical conductivity of (PVP-CMC) blend are increased with increase of the MgO nanoparticles concentration. The transmittance and energy band gap are decreased with increase of the MgO nanoparticles concentration. The nanocomposites have high absorbance in UV region which may be used for radiation shielding application.
Laser Frequency Stabilization Using Linear Magneto-Optics: Technical Notes

The design of a diode laser frequency stabilization system using the Zeeman eect is described. Various regimes of operation of the device are analyzed using the Jones matrix approach. The system is dierent from the original JILA design in that the magnetic elds are fully contained and thus it can be used in proximity of magnetically sensitive instruments.
CELL TECHNOLOGIES IN TREATMENT OF HUMAN INTERVERTEBRAL DISK HERNIA: PERSPECTIVES

The intervertebral disc hernia is distinguished one of the diseases of the human locomotor apparatus that causes pain, neurological deficit and functional disorders. Inefficency of concervative treatment and repeated appeals for medical help after surgery have urged on the need for exploration of some new more effective methods of treatment aimed not only at weakening degenerative processes and pain but also at renewing disc function and its height maintenance. Achievements of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering promote development of new efficient methods of cell therapy. The results of their application in experimental studies on animals give us hope for their successful use in humans.
Awareness, use and effectiveness of models and methods for new product development

Despite the large number of new product models and methods available to improve the success rate of new products, empirical evidence proves that only a few companies actually use them. This seems rather strange because today the pressure on companies to improve their new product development is high. A bottle‐neck may be the extent to which companies are aware of these models and methods. Companies may also have abandoned their use already. To investigate this, gathers empirical data from 75 industrial companies in The Netherlands. Results show that many companies are actually aware of these models and methods. However, they often do not know them by name. The average penetration level is about 30 per cent and the models and methods are used in an unfocused and less formal manner. The level of satisfaction with the performance of most models and methods is high. Furthermore, a positive relationship between the degree of use of models/methods and company′s gross profits exists.
Cataractogenic effects of a boron hydride disulfide compound

namely the number or fraction of progeny which remained normal, 3% EDTA applied topically to the eye six times a day has a significant embryopathic effect, with only 30% of the progeny remaining normal. No teratogenic or embryopathic effects have been observed. Nevertheless, the implication of this study merits careful consideration if this compound (EDTA) is to be used in pregnancy, especially during the first trimester.
Chapter 11 Larval Supply and Dispersal

Most marine organisms have planktonic larvae that spend between minutes and months in the water column before settlement. For over 50 years, marine ecologists have recognised that the number of larvae that are produced, disperse and recruit successfully is extremely variable (Thorson 1950) . More recently, it has been realised that variation in larval supply can drive the dynamics of marine populations and communities (Underwood and Fairweather 1989) . To understand how marine populations and communities vary in time and space, we must first understand how propagule supply and dispersal are influenced. This chapter examines the causes of variability in larval production, survival in the plankton, and scales of dispersal and their consequences for marine organisms living on hard substrata.
Automating the presentation of information

The problem of creating effective computer displays of data contained in large information systems is addressed. The authors describe SAGE, an intelligent system which assumes presentation responsibilities for other systems by automatically creating graphical displays which express the results they generate. They describe SAGE's architecture and the methods by which it creates presentations. Implementing SAGE required identifying and representing a larger set of task and data characteristics than had been explored previously. The authors also describe several prototypical decision support and management systems which use SAGE in different ways to support the presentation needs of end users and system developers. <<ETX>>
Vehicle Speed Measurement Based on Camera Calibration

Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to individuals, their families, and to nations as a whole. Every year the lives of more than 1.25 million people are cut short as a result of a road traffic crash. A common cause of accidents is driving faster than one can stop within their field of vision. Measuring a vehicle's speed using video data is an important technique in determining the cause of a traffic accident. When on-site distance measurement cannot be carried out for a video recorded by a surveillance camera, the speed of a vehicle moving along a straight line in the video can be measured by selecting 2 reference points on the body of the vehicle and computing the speed of the vehicle during the time when the part of the vehicle between the reference points passed an environment point. The 2-reference-point method is widely used in traffic accident investigations in China. However, in real-world applications it often lacks high accuracy. In this paper we propose an improved method based on camera calibration. The proposed method selects 4 coplanar points on the body of the vehicle and computes their world coordinates by camera calibration. The speed is measured based on the movements of the 4 points. Experiments confirmed that the proposed method outperforms the 2-reference-point method.
Physiological and Biochemical Changes of Wild and Cultivated Juvenile Pink Shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Crustacea: Penaeidae) during Molt Cycle

ABSTRACT Changes in metabolite levels in hemolymph and hepatopancreas were used as indicators of physiological status of juvenile wild and cultivated Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939), during hyper-osmoregulatory conditions (salinity 22 ppt, 726 mOsm/kg). We analyzed the relationship between biochemical changes of wild and cultivated shrimp at different molt stages by measurement of osmotic capacity, hemocyanin, acylglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, glycogen and total protein. Biochemical analyses of hemolymph (blood) and hepatopancreas showed a decreasing trend in stages closer to molt and an increasing trend before intermolt. Osmotic capacity and blood proteins indicated a significant effect of the molt stage. Stages A, D1′ and D1′″ showed the greatest effect on the biochemical variables. Higher hemocyanin, cholesterol and glycogen concentrations were observed in wild shrimp than in cultivated shrimp. The effect of the molt cycle was associated with changes in cyclic ions and water balance that produced chemical changes in the hemolymph in both wild and cultivated.
On the Students' QoS-Awareness of Video Lectures

Video lectures bring flexibility and enable distance learning in education. With the help of videos, educational organizations are able to serve a wider and more heterogeneous group of students. As streaming videos have become essential part of teaching in higher education, quality of service (QoS) issues should be taken more into consideration. However, systematic quality monitoring of video lecture delivery, to our knowledge, is rarely used in a way that would provide also the student with quality information. This paper describes our ongoing research on developing a streaming video quality evaluation tool integrated in a learning environment that our master’s students use. The tool serves both the education provider and the students.
Title Feeding habits of the Japanese tree frog , Hyla japonica , in thereproductive season

We examined the diet of Hyla japonica, a prolonged breeder, in the reproductive season (early May to late July). This species breeds in rice fields. Females attended the breeding site only at the time of spawning, but males remained and foraged in rice fields for their continuous advertising during the prolonged season. A high frequency of empty stomachs and fewer and less stomach contents observed at the beginning of the breeding season, may result from energetic constraints associated with reproduction in males. Diverse ground-dwelling invertebrates predominated in the diet, but aquatic organisms were quite few. We estimated the prey availability in the environment by sweeps. The most easily available prey such as ants, beetles, dipterans, caterpillars, and spiders were numerously consumed by frogs. Significant correlations between the diet compositions and prey availability suggest that H. japonica is an opportunistic predator.
EFFECTS OF BUTTER AND ESTROGEN ON LIPID PROFILE AND HISTOTEXURE OF LIVER AND SKIN IN REFERENCE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

The study was performed in to investigate the effects of butter and estrogen on lipid profile and histo-texture of liver and skin in mice. 30 days old 60 (30 male and 30 female) Swiss Albino mice were divided into 6 equal groups of which (M, M1, and M2) were in male and (F, F1, F2) in female. Group M and F (Control) were fed with normal mice pellet. Mice in the group M1 and F1 (butter treated) were fed with 20% butter; group M2 and F2 (estrogen) were fed with estrogen @ of 10 ? g/mice/day. The effect of butter and estrogen in the development of obesity in mice was evaluated based on weight gain, lipid profile, blood glucose and histopathology. In this study in case of male the highest body weight gain was detected in group M1 (P<0.001) and in biochemical study, group M1 showed the increase in total plasma cholesterol (P<0.01), LDL (P<0.01), TG (P<0.001), blood glucose (P<0.05) but increase in HDL (P<0.001) in M2 group compared to control group. In female the highest body weight gain was detected in group F1 (p<0.001) and in biochemical study, group F1 showed the increase in total plasma cholesterol (P<0.01), LDL (P<0.01), TG (P<0.001), blood glucose (P<0.05) but increase in HDL (P<0.001) in F2 group in compared to control group. In histopathological study fatty changes and endothelial desquamation were found in the liver of butter treated groups. Fatty changes, loss of elasticity, dermal thickness were found in the skin of butter treated mice. On the basis of the findings and observations of the present study, it can be concluded that 20% butter supplementation would be able to cause a change in lipid profile and would also produce degenerative changes in liver and skin of mice.
Evaluation of salivary calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase level in children (4-6 years) with nursing caries in Erbil City

Background and objective: Nursing caries is a complex and severe form of tooth decay that affects a child’s teeth and leads to severe pain, teeth loss, and psychological problems. This type of decay is caused by primary factors (host, cariogenic bacteria, fermentable carbohydrate and the time) and other secondary factors. Besides, the dental caries influence by the role of saliva as a defense system. These defense systems include clearance, buffering, antimicrobial agents, and calcium and phosphate delivery for remineralization. This study aimed to find out the relationship between calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase of unstimulated saliva in children with nursing caries. Methods: The sample included 374 children aged 4-6 years; 324 were the study group (with nursing caries) while 50 were control group (caries-free). The case sheet and questionnaire included the child's feeding habits and oral hygiene. A 1.5-2 ml of saliva was collected from the selected children using spitting technique. The method included dental examination for the recording of the dmft and dmfs indices, and saliva analysis to determine the level of salivary calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in control and study groups. Results: The study group children demonstrated a statistically highly significant (P ≤0.01) higher saliva calcium (5.229 ± 0.963 mg/dl) and alkaline phosphatase concentrations (6.321 ± 1.792 KAU/dl) than the control group (4.968± 0.757mg/dl, 5.384 ± 2.119 KAU/dl), respectively. The same group demonstrated a statistically highly significant (P ≤0.01) lower inorganic phosphorus concentration (10.991 ± 1.376 mg/dl) than the control group (11.961 ± 1.484 mg/dl). The study group showed a lower percentage of breastfeeding (28.4%) in comparison to the control group (42.0%). Concerning mix-feeding, the study group showed the higher percentage (45.4%) in comparison to the control group (32.0%). The bottle-fed found to be equal in both groups, there was a statistically non-significant difference between the study and control group. Conclusion: Salivary calcium and alkaline phosphatase level have a major role in causing nursing caries in children. On the other hand, salivary inorganic phosphorus level showed a negative correlation with caries activity (dmfs). The type of infant feeding has no effect on the children with nursing caries.
Induction of DnaK and GroEL in Brucella Ovis under Various Stress Conditions

Brucella ovis is a facultative intracellular pathogen, able to survive and replicate within macrophages. The role of molecular chaperones in Brucella intracellular survival has been previously mentioned, but nothing was published on B. ovis in this respect, as far as we know. In the present work, in order to understand any possible contribution of the molecular chaperones DnaK and GroEL for Brucella ovis stress survival and intracellular persistance, the expression on different culture media under different stress conditions were analysed at the transcriptional and translational levels and compared with that of bacteria grown inside murine J774A.1 cells. The transcription analyses showed different levels of dnaK and groEL induction under various stress conditions (e.g., macrophages survival, acidic pH shock, high temperature, oxidative and osmotic shock) and a significant influence of the media composition. These results were consistent with the level of DnaK and GroEL expression analysed by the traditional proteomic methods. Here we demonstrate the molecular chaperones involvement in macrophage-B. ovis interaction, their expression under stress conditions suggesting the chaperones role in the bacterial resistance to such unfavourable environmental conditions.
Effect of Intra-Patient Variability on Personalized Parameters of Glucose-Insulin Dynamic Models for Exercise, Meal, and Insulin Interventions

Abstract The objective of this paper is to study the effect of intra-patient variations on the personalized parameters of the modified exercise minimal model by re-estimating them from the clinical data measured after several days of first estimation. Clinical data of eight type 1 diabetic children and adolescents have been used for this purpose. For the first estimation of 6 estimable parameters, clinical data collected during one of the visits have been employed. Subsequent re-estimation of parameters is accomplished using the second clinical visit data, which was collected after 7-35 days from the first visit. The results of re-estimation indicate that the estimable parameters corresponding to glucose-insulin compartments and meal absorption model are greatly affected by intra-patient variability in most of the patients, while the 2 estimable parameters corresponding to exercise compartments are least affected by intra-patient variations in 6 out of 8 patients.
Biopesticides for Integrated Crop Management: Environmental and Regulatory Aspects

To feed the ever-growing global population, we need to produce more food and livelihood opportunities from less per capita arable land and available water. Providing ample food is only the first part of challenge, the second and more important challenge is to produce this in a safe and sustainable manner [1]. Most of the cultivated crops/varieties have reached their yield plateau, hence protection of crops to harvest maximum is one of the ways to meet the increasing demands of food and to attain global food security on sustainable basis. There are about 67,000 pest species that damage agricultural crops, and a significant portion of agricultural inputs is required for pest management to protect the crop. Pesticides are extensively used in the intensive agriculture to control pests, diseases, weeds, and other crop enemies to reduce yield losses and maintain the product quality. Insect-pests management in high yielding varieties by extensive use of synthetic pesticides has certainly provided protection to crops; but it has also raised concerns about pesticide residues in the food and the environment [2]. This pest management strategy adversely affects even beneficial organisms, leave harmful residues in food, feed and fodder, and causes environmental pollutions. Human exposure to pesticides occurs primarily through contaminated food, feed and drinking water. Their adverse effects depend on toxicity of pesticides, method of application, the dosage applied, their adsorption on soil colloids, the weather conditions prevailing after their application, and how long the pesticides persist in the environment. Therefore, assessment of risks of pesticides either on human health or on the environment is not an easy and accurate process because of differences in the periods and levels of exposure, and the types of pesticides used. Hence, the need of the day is to produce maximum from the decreasing availability of natural resources without adversely affecting the environment.
Effects of Dietary Acidogenicity Values on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Nutrients Digestibility

This study was conducted to observe effects of dietary acidogenicity value (AV) on rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrients digestibility. The AV of feedstuffs was based on the dissolution of Ca from CaCO3 powder added at the end of a 24 h in vitro fermentation. Three diets were formulated to be iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous with different AV. Two experiments were involved in this study. In experiment 1, it appears that pH, NH3-N concentration and A:P ratio tended to decrease, but gas production, VFA production and DM disappearance tended to increase with increasing dietary AV. In experiment 2, the rumen pH tended to decrease in order of high AV>medium AV>low AV treatment, respectively. There were no significant effects of dietary AV on NH3-N concentration, enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility. In addition, total VFA and individual VFA concentrations tended to increase with increasing dietary AV without significance. In fact, we hypothesized that different dietary AV would affect rumen fermentation and nutrients digestibility because dietary AV was adjusted with fermentable carbohydrate sources. The present results indicate that differences in dietary AV between treatments were too small to affect rumen fermentation and its effects were minimal. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 11 : 1625-1633)