Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thinking about Kindergarten thinking: A mixed methods study

Metacognition, otherwise known as ‘thinking about one’s thinking,’ leads to greater academic success and is foundational. Given this importance, metacognitive behaviors need to be developed within early years contexts to provide young children the opportunity to practice these behaviors and receive feedback. However, literature continues to focus on the development of metacognition in later grades. This mixed methods study explored metacognition in eight Kindergarten classrooms. Participants included eight Kindergarten teachers, six early childhood educators (ECEs), and 80 students. Data collection was conducted at two time periods separated by 12 weeks. Data collection included the Children’s Independent Learning Development (CHILD) measure, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations. The quantitative data from the CHILD were analyzed using a paired samples t-test in SPSS. All qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Qualitatively, three themes were identified: (1) Conceptualization of metacognition, (2) Barriers to developing metacognition, and (3) Operationalization of strategies to facilitate metacognitive development. Evidence demonstrated that participants had incomplete conceptualizations of metacognition. Some articulated simple understandings by reporting the literal translation and were unable to articulate more fulsome conceptions. However, some teachers had more developed conceptions of metacognition that included different facets such as planning and reflective thinking. All participants were forthcoming with identifying ways in which they struggled with implementing metacognitive practices or encouraging the development of metacognition. These barriers included large classroom sizes, developmental readiness, and wide student ability. Despite having an incomplete understanding of metacognition, early years educators were trying a variety of different strategies to help promote metacognitive thinking within their Kindergarten classrooms. Surprisingly, teacher ratings using the CHILD did not change significantly from Time 1 (M = 1.88, SD = 0.744) to Time 2 (M = 1.85, SD = 0.66), t (72) = 0.72, p > 0.05. A similar trend was observed for ECE ratings using the CHILD as they did not change significantly from Time 1 (M = 1.89, SD = 0.70) to Time 2 (M = 1.80, SD = 0.79), t (52) = 1.36, p > 0.05. This research highlights empirical practices that Kindergarten educators can use to help facilitate metacognitive thinking. Furthermore, it identifies a need to better support Kindergarten educators by integrating practices aimed at developing metacognitive thinking in their students through explicit examples of strategies.
Patterns of failure and long-term outcome of postoperative radiotherapy on the survival of patients with pathological T3N0M0 esophageal cancer

Purpose The prognostic effect of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on pathological T3N0M0 (pT3N0M0) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains inconclusive. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate patterns of failure and whether PORT after R0 resection improves survival in patients with pT3N0M0 ESCC, compared with surgery alone. Patients and methods The clinical data of 256 patients with pT3N0M0 ESCC from January 2007 to December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The included patients were classified into two groups: the surgery-plus-postoperative radiotherapy group (S + R) and the surgery-alone group (S). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to create comparable groups that were balanced across several covariates (n = 71 in each group). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Chi-squared test. Results In the study cohort, the 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates in the S + R group were 53.4% and 38.4%, and those in the S group were 50.3%, 40.9% (p = 0.810), respectively. The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates in the S + R group were 47.9% and 32.9%, and those in the S group were 43.2%, 24.0% (p = 0.056), respectively. The results were coincident in the matched samples (p = 0.883, 0.081) after PSM. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with upper thoracic lesions in the S + R group had significantly higher OS than patients in the S group (p = 0.013), in addition, patients with upper and middle thoracic lesions in the S + R group had significantly higher DFS than patients in the S group (p = 0.018, 0.049). The results were also confirmed in the matched samples after PSM. The locoregional recurrence between the two groups were significantly different before and after PSM (p = 0.009, 0.002). The locoregional control rate (LCR) in the S + R group was significantly higher than that in the S group before and after PSM (p = 0.015, 0.008). Conclusion Postoperative radiotherapy may be associated with a survival benefit for patients with pT3N0M0 upper thoracic ESCC. A multicenter, randomized phase III clinical trial is required to confirm the results of this study.
Interpreting the spectrum of gamma-secretase complex missense variation in the context of hidradenitis suppurativa—An in-silico study

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by recurrent nodules, abscesses and draining tunnels with a predilection to intertriginous skin. The pathophysiology of HS is complex. However, it is known that inflammation and hyperkeratinization at the hair follicle play crucial roles in disease manifestation. Genetic and environmental factors are considered the main drivers of these two pathophysiological processes. Despite a considerable proportion of patients having a positive family history of disease, only a minority of patients suffering from HS have been found to harbor monogenic variants which segregate to affected kindreds. Most of these variants are in the ɣ secretase complex (GSC) protein-coding genes. In this manuscript, we set out to characterize the burden of missense pathogenic variants in healthy reference population using large scale genomic dataset thereby providing a standard for comparing genomic variation in GSC protein-coding genes in the HS patient cohort.
Cancer stemness-associated LINC02475 serves as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality. LncRNAs present broad clinical application prospects. Herein, we aim to identify a cancer stemness associated lncRNA and reveal its role in HCC diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and progression. Methods: The cancer stemness-associated LINC02475 in HCC samples were identified using bioinformatics analysis. Cellular and molecular experiments were conducted to elucidate the role of LINC02475 in HCC. Results: The firm links between LINC02475 and HCC stemness and prognosis were demonstrated by bioinformatics analysis of public cancer datasets. LINC02475 expression was elevated in HCC, performed well in the diagnosis, and independently predicts poor overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.389, 95% confidence interval = 1.047–1.843, p = 0.023), as well as progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.396, 95% confidence interval = 1.016–1.917, p = 0.040) of HCC patients. Moreover, LINC02475 enhanced the tumorigenic pathways necessary for cell stemness, DNA replication required for cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition involved in metastasis, and DNA damage repair pathways that drove cell radioresistance and cisplatin resistance, thus promoting HCC progression. Conclusion: Cancer stemness-associated LINC02475 independently predicted a poor prognosis and promoted HCC progression by enhancing stemness, proliferation, metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. Our study lays a foundation for the clinical application of LINC02475 as a novel biomarker and target for the diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, as well as treatment of HCC.
Quantification of ferroptosis pathway status revealed heterogeneity in breast cancer patients with distinct immune microenvironment

Clinical significance and biological functions of the ferroptosis pathway were addressed in all aspect of cancer regarding multi-omics level; however, the overall status of ferroptosis pathway alteration was hard to evaluate. The aim of this study is to comprehensively analyze the putative biological, pathological, and clinical functions of the ferroptosis pathway in breast cancer on a pathway level. By adopting the bioinformatic algorithm “pathifier”, we quantified five programmed cell death (PCD) pathways (KO04210 Apoptosis; KO04216 Ferroptosis; KO04217 Necroptosis; GO:0070269 Pyroptosis; GO:0048102 Autophagic cell death) in breast cancer patients, and we featured the clinical characteristics and prognostic value of each pathway in breast cancer and found significantly activated PCD in cancer patients, among which ferroptosis demonstrated a significant correlation with the prognosis of breast cancer. Correlation analysis between PCD pathways identified intra-tumor heterogeneity of breast cancer. Therefore, clustering of patients based on the status of PCD pathways was done. Comparisons between subgroups highlighted specifically activated ferroptosis in cluster 2 patients, which showed the distinct status of tumor immunity and microenvironment from other clusters, indicating putative correlations with ferroptosis. NDUFA13 was identified and selected as a putative biomarker for cluster 2 patients. Experimental validations were executed on cellular level and NDUFA13 showed an important role in regulating ferroptosis activation and can work as a biomarker for ferroptosis pathway status. In conclusion, the status of the ferroptosis pathway significantly correlated with the clinical outcomes and intra-tumor heterogeneity of breast cancer, and NDUFA13 expression was identified as a positive biomarker for ferroptosis pathway activation in breast cancer patients.
All that glitters . . . Interannotator agreement in natural language processing

Evaluation has emerged as a central concern in natural language processing (NLP) over the last few decades. Evaluation is done against a gold standard , a manually linguistically annotated dataset, which is assumed to provide the ground truth against which the accuracy of the NLP system can be assessed automatically. In this article, some methodological questions in connection with the creation of gold standard datasets are discussed, in particular (non-)expectations of linguistic expertise in annotators and the interannotator agreement measure standardly but unreflectedly used as a kind of quality index of NLP gold standards.
Migration and spatial mobility in a multi-sited network: the case of the Pataxó in the Belo Horizonte metropolitan region

Indigenous migrations have received increasing attention from scholars from different countries, both because of their intensification and because of the interpretive challenges brought by the phenomenon. This article investigates the migration and spatial mobility of a group of Pataxó indigenous people who live between the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and the south of the State of Bahia. The analyzes were carried out based on a qualitative research methodology, based on interviews with the migrants. The theoretical framework used in the text highlights the transformations that the migratory phenomenon has been going through, with the creation of hybrid spaces and multi-local territorial networks of survival. These aspects are observed among different types of migrants, including indigenous people from several Latin American countries. The results of the present analysis are in line with these studies, as they describe the process by which the Pataxó articulate different points of the territory in a multilocal network, created through a process of migration and spatial mobility that has strong connections between these places. The study also highlights the dynamic elements of spatial displacements, which guarantee their perpetuation over time. incluidos los indígenas de varios países de América Latina. Los resultados del presente análisis están en línea con estos estudios, ya que describen el proceso por el cual los Pataxó articulan diferentes puntos del territorio en una red multilocal, creada a través de un proceso de migración y movilidad espacial que tiene fuertes conexiones entre estos lugares. El estudio también destaca los elementos dinámicos de los desplazamientos espaciales, que garantizan su perpetuación en el tiempo.
Beyond Conservatism in Offline Reinforcement Learning: The Importance of Effective Representations

Standard off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) methods based on temporal difference (TD) learning generally fail to learn good policies when applied to static ofﬂine datasets. Conventionally, this is attributed to distribution shift, where the Bellman backup queries high-value out-of-distribution (OOD) actions for the next time step, which then leads to systematic overestimation. However, this explanation is incomplete, as conservative ofﬂine RL methods that directly address overestimation still suffer from stability problems in practice. This suggests that although OOD actions may account for part of the challenge, the difﬁculties with TD learning in the ofﬂine setting are also deeply connected to other aspects such as the quality of representations of learned function approximators. In this work, we show that merely imposing pessimism is not sufﬁcient for good performance in deep RL, and demonstrate empirically that regularizing representations actually accounts for a large part of the improvement observed in modern ofﬂine RL methods. Building on this insight, we show how using a simple improved Bellman backup estimator — without changing any other aspect of conservative ofﬂine RL algorithms — can achieve more effective representations and better performance across a variety of ofﬂine RL problems.
The Logical Problem of the Trinity: A New Solution

This article aims to introduce a new solution to the Logical Problem of the Trinity. This solution is provided by utilising a number of theses within the field of contemporary metaphysics in order to establish a conceptual basis for a novel account and model of the doctrine of the Trinity termed Monarchical Aspectivalism, which will provide the means for proposing an alternative reading of the Athanasian Creed that is free from any consistency problems.
Enhanced exploration for primordial black holes using pulsar timing arrays

We investigate the capability of pulsar timing arrays as a probe of primordial black holes (PBHs), which might constitute the Galactic dark matter. A PBH passing nearby the Earth or a pulsar gives an impulse acceleration and induces residuals on otherwise orderly pulsar timing data. We show that the timing residuals induced at pulsars are optimal for searching heavier PBHs than those at the Earth, and the two probes are highly complemental. Future facilities like Square Kilometre Array could detect PBHs with masses around ∼1022−28 g even if only a small fraction (≲1 per cent) of the Galactic dark matter consists of these PBHs.
Numerical simulation of atomic positions in quantum dot by means of molecular statics

Deformation of a crystal structure is considered here in terms of constitutive modelling based upon both the atomistic and continuum approaches. Atomistic calculations are made by using the Stillinger-Weber potential for the GaAs and CdTe structures. The stress-strain behaviour of the best-known anisotropic hyperelastic models are compared with the behaviour of the atomistic one in the uniaxial deformation test.
Conductance in diffusive quasi-one-dimensional periodic waveguides: a semiclassical and random matrix study

We study quantum transport properties of finite periodic quasi-one-dimensional waveguides whose classical dynamics is diffusive. The system we consider is a scattering configuration, composed of a finite periodic chain of $L$ identical (classically chaotic and finite-horizon) unit cells, which is connected to semi-infinite plane leads at its extremes. Particles inside the cavity are free and only interact with the boundaries through elastic collisions; this means waves are described by the Helmholtz equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the waveguide walls. The equivalent to the disorder ensemble is an energy ensemble, defined over a classically small range but many mean level spacings wide. The number of propagative channels in the leads is $N$. We have studied the (adimensional) Landauer conductance $g$ as a function of $L$ and $N$ in the cosine-shaped waveguide and by means of our RMT periodic chain model. We have found that $ $ exhibit two regimes. First, for chains of length $L\lesssim\sqrt{N}$ the dynamics is diffusive just like in the disordered wire in the metallic regime, where the typic ohmic scaling is observed with $ = N/(L+1)$. In this regime, the conductance distribution is a Gaussian with small variance but which grows linearly with $L$. Then, in longer systems with $L\gg\sqrt{N}$, the periodic nature becomes relevant and the conductance reaches a constant asymptotic value $ \sim $. The variance approaches a constant value $\sim\sqrt{N}$ as $L\to\infty$. Comparing the conductance using the unitary and orthogonal circular ensembles we observed that a weak localization effect is present in the two regimes.
FAKE NEWS DETECTION SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS

: Fake news is defined as a misleading news stories that comes from the non-reputable sources. The fake news on social media and various other media is wide spreading and is a matter of serious concern due to its ability to cause a lot of social and national damage with destructive impacts. As a result of this a lot of research is already focused on detecting it. This paper makes research and implementation of fake news detection system to create a model of a product with supervised machine learning algorithm. Basically in this paper will employ a Naive Bayes classifier in order to create a model to classify an article into fake or real based on its words and phrases. , that can classify fake news as true or false, by using tools like a count vectorizer (using word tallies) or a (Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency) tfidf matrix It is very possible that two articles that are similar in their word count will be completely different in their meaning.
Camera Motion Estimation for Multi-Camera Systems

The estimation of motion of multi-camera systems is one of the most important tasks in computer vision research. Recently, some issues have been raised about general camera models and multi-camera systems. Using many cameras as a single camera is studied [60], and the epipolar geometry constraints of general camera models is theoretically derived. Methods for calibration, including a self-calibration method for general camera models, are studied [78, 62]. Multi-camera systems are an example of practically implementable general camera models and they are widely used in many applications nowadays because of both the low cost of digital charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras and the high resolution of multiple images from the wide field of views. To our knowledge, no research has been conducted on the relative motion of multi-camera systems with non-overlapping views to obtain a geometrically optimal solution. In this thesis, we solve the camera motion problem for multi-camera systems by using linear methods and convex optimization techniques, and we make five substantial and original contributions to the field of computer vision. First, we focus on the problem of translational motion of omnidirectional cameras, which are multi-camera systems, and present a constrained minimization method to obtain robust estimation results. Given known rotation, we show that bilinear and trilinear relations can be used to build a system of linear equations, and singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to solve the equations. Second, we present a linear method that estimates the relative motion of generalized cameras, in particular, in the case of nonoverlapping views. We also present four types of generalized cameras, which can be solvable using our proposed, modified SVD method. This is the first study finding linear relations for certain types of generalized cameras and performing experiments using our proposed linear method. Third, we present a linear 6-point method (5 points from the same camera and 1 point from another camera) that estimates the relative motion of multi-camera systems, where cam-
Model selection by penalization in mixture of experts models with a non-asymptotic approach

probl`eme de la s´election de mod`eles parmi une collection de mod`eles de m´elanges d’experts avec experts gaussiens et fonctions d’activations gaussiennes normalis´ees, caract´eris´es par le nombre de composantes du m´elange et la complexit´e des experts moyens, dans un cadre d’estimation par maximum de vraisemblance p´enalis´ee. En particulier, nous ´etablissons des limites de risque non asymp-totiques qui prennent la forme d’in´egalit´es oracles faibles, sous une condition de limite inf´erieure pour la p´enalit´e. Leur bon comportement empirique est ensuite d´emontr´e en simulation et sur des donn´ees r´eelles.
Comparison of Stellar Oscillations and Activity Data to Infer Internal Rotation

Recently it has beeen suggested that the latitude distribution of the main surface features of solar activity is intimately related to the angular velocity profile inside the Sun through the working of a MHD dynamo in the boundary layer between the convective and the radiative zones (Belvedere et al. 1991). Although the present observational capabilities are not very encouraging, here we want to point out, in the framework of the analogy to the Sun (solar-stellar connection), that space observations of surface distribution and latitudinal migration of active regions on stellar surfaces, which could be carried out in this decade with more sophisticated techniques, may conversely allow us to infer the rotation profile, and consequently the angular momentum distribution, in stellar interiors. This methodology may in principle be considered alternate or complementary to the classical one based on observation of acoustic oscillations.
Pattern Reconfigurable Dual-Polarized Dipole Antenna With Staggered Parasitic Elements

This paper presents a pattern reconfigurable dual-polarized dipole antenna with staggered parasitic elements operating in 3.5 GHz band. The proposed antenna is designed by assembling two linearly polarized antennas to be orthogonally polarized, and each antenna includes two parasitic elements and a single dipole element. A circuit including a varactor is inserted into each parasitic element, and the current phase of the parasitic element changes according to the capacitance of the varactor. Each antenna has a beam steering range of about ±30° in the E-plane, and the beamwidth and gain are maintained uniformly regardless of the steering angle due to the angled parasitic element. Also, because of the continuously changing characteristic of the varactor, the beam of the proposed antenna is steered continuously, and only four varactors are used. The size of the fabricated dual-polarized antenna is $1.40\lambda _{0}\times 1.40\lambda _{0}\times 0.47\lambda _{0}$ , and the measured results confirm that the antenna has an average gain of around 6 dB with 0.3 dB gain variation.