Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“We Are Prisoners in Our Own Homes”: Connecting the Environment, Gender-Based Violence and Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights to Sport for Development and Peace in Nicaragua

This paper draws on postcolonial feminist political ecology theory, feminist theories of violence and new materialist approaches to sport and physical cultural studies—combined with literature on the role of non-humans in international development—to unpack the connections between gender-based violence and the environment in sport, gender and development (SGD) programming in Nicaragua. To do this, postcolonial feminist participatory action research (PFPAR), including visual research methods such as photovoice, was used to better understand, and prioritize, young Nicaraguan women’s experiences of the environment and gender-based violence as they participated in an SGD program used to promote environmentalism and improve their sexual and reproductive health rights. To conclude, the importance of accounting for the broader physical environment in social and political forces was underlined as it shapes the lives of those on the receiving end of SGD interventions.
Brane World Cosmologies with Varying Speed of Light

We study cosmologies in the Randall-Sundrum models, incorporating the possibility of time-varying speed of light and Newton’s constant. The cosmologies with varying speed of light (VSL) were proposed by Moffat and by Albrecht and Magueijo as an alternative to inflation for solving the cosmological problems. We consider the case in which the speed of light varies with time after the radion or the scale of the extra dimension has been stabilized. We elaborate on the conditions under which the flatness problem and the cosmological constant problem can be resolved. Particularly, the VSL cosmologies may provide with a possible mechanism for bringing the quantum corrections to the fine-tuned brane tensions after the SUSY breaking under control.
What Makes Affinity-Based Schedulers So Efficient ?

The tremendous increase in the size and heterogeneity of supercomputers makes it very difficult to predict the performance of a scheduling algorithm. Therefore, dynamic solutions, where scheduling decisions are made at runtime have overpassed static allocation strategies. The simplicity and efficiency of dynamic schedulers such as Hadoop are a key of the success of the MapReduce framework. Dynamic schedulers such as StarPU, PaRSEC or StarSs are also developed for more constrained computations, e.g. task graphs coming from linear algebra. To make their decisions, these runtime systems make use of some static information, such as the distance of tasks to the critical path or the affinity between tasks and computing resources (CPU, GPU,\ldots) and of dynamic information, such as where input data are actually located. In this paper, we concentrate on two elementary linear algebra kernels, namely the outer product and the matrix multiplication. For each problem, we propose several dynamic strategies that can be used at runtime and we provide an analytic study of their theoretical performance. We prove that the theoretical analysis provides very good estimate of the amount of communications induced by a dynamic strategy, thus enabling to choose among them for a given problem and architecture.
AN INVESTIGATION OF BUILD ORIENTATION ON SHRINKAGE IN SINTERED BIOCERAMIC PARTS FABRICATED BY VAT PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION

In this work, a vat photopolymerization (VP) additive manufacturing process fabricated bioceramic cuboids at different build orientations to investigate their effects on post-sintering shrinkage and associated physical properties. A suspension of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in Autodesk PR 57 commercial photopolymer resin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent was used to shape green parts. Thermal treatment removed polymer from the green shape before sintering TCP at 1300 C at 5 C/min. Part morphology, dimensional shrinkage, and mass loss after sintering were evaluated. Part dimensions parallel to the build direction exhibited greater shrinkage compared to the other two dimensions. Mass loss was independent of build orientation. This paper is the first to investigate the relationship between build orientation and post-sintering shrinkage of bioceramic structures shaped by VP. In this work, an understanding of printing ceramic suspensions, and accounting for dimensional ceramic part shrinkage with respect to build orientation is gained to help guide print parameter selection to improve part fidelity and performance.
On the Meaning of Transition System Specifications

Transition System Specifications provide programming and specification languages with a semantics. They provide the meaning of a closed term as a process graph: a state in a labelled transition system. At the same time they provide the meaning of an n-ary operator, or more generally an open term with n free variables, as an n-ary operation on process graphs. The classical way of doing this, the closed-term semantics, reduces the meaning of an open term to the meaning of its closed instantiations. It makes the meaning of an operator dependent on the context in which it is employed. Here I propose an alternative process graph semantics of TSSs that does not suffer from this drawback. Semantic equivalences on process graphs can be lifted to open terms conform either the closed-term or the process graph semantics. For pure TSSs the latter is more discriminating. I consider five sanity requirements on the semantics of programming and specification languages equipped with a recursion construct: compositionality, applied to n-ary operators, recursion and variables, invariance under $\alpha$-conversion, and the recursive definition principle, saying that the meaning of a recursive call should be a solution of the corresponding recursion equations. I establish that the satisfaction of four of these requirements under the closed-term semantics of a TSS implies their satisfaction under the process graph semantics.
No Time Like the Present: Methods for Generating Colourful and Factual Multilingual News Headlines

News headlines are the main method for brieﬂy providing a summary of the news article and attracting an audience. In this paper, we experiment with different existing methods for producing colourful expressions and news headlines computationally, in a practical setting. Our case study is conducted by modifying an automated journalism system that generates multilingual news in three languages, namely English, Finnish and Swedish. We adapt existing methods for creative headlines and ﬁgurative language generation into the headline generation process of the system, modifying them to work in a multilingual setting. We conduct our evaluation by asking online judges to assess the original titles produced by the unmodiﬁed system and those enhanced by the methods described in this paper. The results of the evaluation suggest that the presented methods increase the creativity of existing headlines while maintaining their descriptiveness.
Datanode Optimization in Distributed Storage Systems

Distributed storage systems designed for small files have been developing rapidly, like Facebook’s hayStack, Twitter’s Cassandra and so on. But, under our observation, there are still some drawbacks in these systems. For example, they do not have cache specified for files and have not taken the relationship inherent in application-specific knowledge between files into consideration. We propose a file-level cache on datanode and co-location of affinitive files based on application-specific knowledge. We use a synthetic data set and a real world trace to evaluate our optimization. The file-level cache and co-location of affinitive files together can improve system’s throughput by 20%-50%. Keywords-distributed storage system; file-level cache; colocation.
Generalized Pareto models with time-varying tail behavior ∗

This paper is concerned with the analysis of time series data with temporal dependence through extreme events. This is achieved via a model formulation that considers separately the central part and the tail of the distributions. A two component mixture model is used for splitting the data into the extreme regime and the central part. Extremes beyond a threshold are assumed to follow a generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) and the parameters of the GPD are allowed to vary stochastically with time, thus inducing temporal dependence. Temporal variation and dependence is introduced at a latent level via the use of dynamic linear models (DLM). The central part follows a nonparametric, mixture approach. The uncertainty about the threshold is explicitly considered. Posterior inference is performed through Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. A variety of scenarios can be entertained and include the possibility of alternation of presence and absence of a finite upper limit of the distribution for different time periods. Simulations are carried out in order to analyze the performance of our proposed model. We also apply the proposed model to financial time series: the returns of Petrobras stocks and Bovespa index, all of which exhibit several extreme events. Results show advantage of our proposal over currently entertained models such as stochastic volatility, with improved estimation of high quantiles and extremes.
Explaining Urban-Rural Differences in Utilization of Skilled Delivery Care Services in Kenya. -

Kenya’s maternal mortality ratio remains high. A key intervention in reducing maternal mortality is increased use of skilled delivery care services. While good progress has been made in promoting skilled delivery care services in Kenya, a huge gap in utilization remain between urban and rural areas. This study sought to quantify the urban -rural gap in utilization of skilled delivery care services and identify the determinants of this gap. Data used was drawn from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. First, a probit model of determinants of skilled delivery care services was estimated for the full sample, rural sample and urban sample. The results indicated that education, wealth, use of antenatal care services and age of the woman were some of the factors associated with increased probability of using skilled delivery care services. Secondly, Fairlie decomposition technique was used to quantify differences in predicted probability of use of skilled delivery care services between rural and urban areas and to identify individual characteristics that contribute to this gap. Rural utilization probability was estimated at 53% and urban probability at 81%, a gap of 28%. Differences in education, wealth and use of antenatal care services between urban and rural areas explained 71% of this gap. Policies that promote secondary and tertiary education, increased use of antenatal care services and economic empowerment of rural women should be promoted to reduce urbanrural gap in utilization of skilled delivery care services.
Quality Assessment for Primary Studies on Identifying Refactoring Opportunities in Object-Oriented Code

Refactoring is a maintenance task that refers to the process of restructuring software source code to enhance its quality without affecting its external behavior. Manually inspecting and analyzing the source code of the system under consideration to identify refactoring opportunities are time consuming and costly process. Researchers typically propose fully or semi-automated techniques to predict or identify the refactoring opportunities. In the present study, we demonstrate an application for a proposed framework that assesses the quality of the studies reported in the published primary studies (PSs) on the refactoring prediction/ identification techniques. The framework is applied on 47 selected PSs to assess the quality of the studies based on their design, conduct, analysis, and conclusion. We used the results to comment on the weakness of the existing PSs and the issues that have to be considered with much attention in the future studies. Keywords— Refactoring activity, refactoring opportunity, object-oriented code, study quality assessment.
Alignment of Standardized Achievement Tests To State Content Standards: A Comparison of Publishers' and Teachers' Perspectives.

DOCUMENT RESUME Buckendahl, Chad W. ; Plake, Barbara S Irwin, Patrick M. Alignment of Standardized Achievement Standards: A Comparison of Publishers Perspectives. 2000-04-28 19p. ; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education (New Orleans, LA, April 24-28, 2000). Reports Research (143) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. *Achievement Tests; Elementary Secondary Education; Norm Referenced Tests; *Standardized Tests; State Programs; *State Standards; *Teachers; Test Content; *Test Use; Testing Programs Curriculum Alignment; Test Publishers TM 031 249 . ; Impara, James C. ; Tests To State Content ' and Teachers' Test publishers have promoted their commercially available, norm-referenced achievement tests as viable solutions to assessment challenges faced by states. They argue that their tests are developed professionally, and, therefore, possess sound psychometric properties not often found in state-specific efforts. This study compared judgments from two sources, test publishers from two companies and teachers, on the alignment of test items from two commercially available norm-referenced achievement tests in a Midwestern state's content standards at three grade levels in reading/writing and mathematics. Teacher panels consisted of 10 teachers for each of language and mathematics panels at grade 8 and high school levels and 20 teachers for each panel for grade 4. Analyses in this study focus on the level of agreement between the state's teachers' perceptions of how well the tests aligned to the standards and the alignment reported by the two test publishers. Results indicate that there may be some inconsistency between teachers' and publishers' perceptions. (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) -. 1frfhis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
The complexity of evolutionary games on graphs

Evolution occurs in populations of reproducing individuals. The structure of the population affects the outcome of the evolutionary process. Evolutionary graph theory is a powerful approach to study this phenomenon. There are two graphs. The interaction graph speciﬁes who interacts with whom for payoff in the context of evolution. The replacement graph speciﬁes who competes with whom for reproduction. The vertices of the two graphs are the same, and each vertex corresponds to an individual of the population. The ﬁtness (or the reproductive rate) is a non-negative number, and depends on the payoff. A key quantity is the ﬁxation probability of a new mutant. It is deﬁned as the probability that a newly introduced mutant (on a single vertex) generates a lineage of offspring which eventually takes over the entire population of resident individuals. The basic computational questions are as follows: (i) the qualitative question asks whether the ﬁxation probability is positive; and (ii) the quantitative approximation question asks for an approximation of the ﬁxation probability. Our main results are as follows: First, we consider a special case of the general problem, where the residents do not reproduce. We show that the qualitative question is NP-complete, and the quantitative approximation question is # P -complete, and the hardness results hold even in the special case where the interaction and the replacement graphs coincide. Second, we show that in general both the qualitative and the quantitative approximation questions are PSPACE-complete. The PSPACE-hardness result for quantitative approximation holds even when the ﬁtness is always positive.
Callus induction and secondary metabolite production studies in Centaurea tchihatcheffii Fisch . & C . A . Mey

Centaurea tchihatcheffii Fisch. & C.A. Mey. (Mediterranean knapweed, in Turkish yanardoner) is an annual, appealing endemic species, which grows only very little location in the Golbasi district of Ankara-Turkey. Therefore it is very important to produce and multiply valuable endemic species biotechnologically. In order to induce callus, pappus of a group of the seeds was cut (pappus-cut-off seeds) and the other group of the seeds was left intact. Pappus-cut-off seeds germinated in vitro in 3 days whereas intact seeds germinated in 7 days. The best calli were induced from the cotyledons of aseptic seedlings on MS media with the application of cytokinins (benzyl adenine, kinetin). Phytochemicals of the calli and the flowering aerial parts of C. tchihatcheffii were evaluated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Our studies demonstrated that both the calli and the plant have a secondary metabolite groups, flavonoids and terpenoids. Phytochemical profiles of the callus cultures changed by subculturing. Less polar substances were produced in subcultures I and polar substances in subcultures II. Phytochemical profiles of callus extracts were similar to the plant extracts. Callus induction and secondary metabolite production of C. tchihatcheffii have been studied for the first time.
CEP Discussion Paper No 1620 May 2019 Trade Blocs and Trade Wars during the Interwar Period

What precisely were the causes and consequences of the trade wars in the 1930s? Were there perhaps deeper forces at work in reorienting global trade prior to the outbreak of World War II? And what lessons may this particular historical episode provide for the present day? To answer these questions, we distinguish between long-run secular trends in the period from 1920 to 1939 related to the formation of trade blocs (in particular, the British Commonwealth) and short-run disruptions associated with the trade wars of the 1930s (in particular, large and widespread declines in bilateral trade, the narrowing of trade imbalances, and sharp drops in average traded distances). We argue that the trade wars mainly served to intensify pre-existing efforts towards the formation of trade blocs which dated from at least 1920. More speculatively, we argue that the trade wars of the present day may serve a similar purpose as those in the 1930s, that is, the intensification of Chinaand UScentric trade blocs.
Towards a Perceptual Loss: Using a Neural Network Codec Approximation as a Loss for Generative Audio Models

Generative audio models based on neural networks have led to considerable improvements across fields including speech enhancement, source separation, and text-to-speech synthesis. These systems are typically trained in a supervised fashion using simple element-wise l1 or l2 losses. However, because they do not capture properties of the human auditory system, such losses encourage modelling perceptually meaningless aspects of the output, wasting capacity and limiting performance. Additionally, while adversarial models have been employed to encourage outputs that are statistically indistinguishable from ground truth and have resulted in improvements in this regard, such losses do not need to explicitly model perception as their task; furthermore, training adversarial networks remains an unstable and slow process. In this work, we investigate an idea fundamentally rooted in psychoacoustics. We train a neural network to emulate an MP3 codec as a differentiable function. Feeding the output of a generative model through this MP3 function, we remove signal components that are perceptually irrelevant before computing a loss. To further stabilize gradient propagation, we employ intermediate layer outputs to define our loss, as found useful in image domain methods. Our experiments using an autoencoding task show an improvement over standard losses in listening tests, indicating the potential of psychoacoustically motivated models for audio generation.
Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus : Implications for Companion Ferrets

Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) causes disease in mink and ferrets and can infect such related animals as raccoons, weasels, fishers, martens, and striped skunks. Severe Aleutian disease (AD) in adult mink is characterized by viral persistence, high levels of antiviral antibody (which is ineffective at eliminating the virus), and immune-complex disease. Death results when virus–antibody immune complexes deposit in the kidneys, producing immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. Ferrets infected with ADV are usually asymptomatic and maintain a low antibody titer, but severe disease can occur. Ferrets with clinical signs of AD may have chronic wasting disease (similar to that seen in mink) or neurologic disease (most often manifested as posterior paresis or paralysis). Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) can infect ferrets and is capable of negatively impacting the companion ferret population. Several reports of Aleutian disease (AD) in companion and research ferrets have been published during the past decade. In recent years, outbreaks have occurred in a ferret shelter and multiple-ferret homes. Despite the perceived increase in disease incidence in ferrets, little is known about incubation, transmission, interpretation of diagnostic tests, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of AD in ferrets. This article summarizes information about AD in mink and ferrets and provides suggested management options for affected companion ferrets. HISTORY OF ALEUTIAN DISEASE IN MINK Aleutian disease has long been considered primarily a disease of ranch mink CE V n ADV infection can result in wasting or neurologic syndromes in ferrets, p. 180. n No cure or preventive vaccine for ADV infection in mink or ferrets currently exists, p. 183. n Supportive therapy is the current treatment for Aleutian disease in
Reflecting Self: An Interactive Mirror Study

Immersive environment provides a virtual environment immersion experience for the user, and allow users in-depth experience. In this study through research “selfreflecting” and “selfreflecting during interaction with the space environment” by entity makeup table for discussion. Makeup table reflect the role of people and the surrounding environment. We found the style selected by the user, often conform to the user's external style, and does not because of the age limit the user to interact with curiosity. We also found that in addition to the female user, make up table will also trigger young men of curiosity, they will close to observation and interaction with the table. Finally, we have statistical distribution of general user preferences. We also in accordance with the user's behavior, revised interactive processes, make recommendations when designing immersive environments.
Dishonest helping and harming after (un)fair treatment

People experience fair and unfair treatment daily, and at times may react by breaking ethical rules and lying. Here, we assess the extent to which individuals engage in dishonest behavior aimed at helping or harming others after they experience (un)fair treatment. Across three financially incentivized experiments, recipients in a dictator game received a fair or unfair amount and then could, by means of dishonesty, inflate or deflate their counterparts’ pay. Results show that dishonest helping is a common and robust behavior. Individuals lie to help others after fair, unfair, and no prior treatment. Dishonest harming, however, is less prevalent. Only after unfair treatment, some, but not all, individuals engage in dishonest harming. Dishonest harming was associated with high levels of anger and disappointment, and low levels of gratitude. Interestingly, the source of (un)fairness, whether it is intentional or not, did not attenuate peoples’ behavior, suggesting that dishonest reactions to (un)fairness were driven by the mere (un)fair treatment, and not by a motivation to reciprocate an (un)fair counterpart.