Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ten-Week-Old Girl With Lethargy, Weakness, and Poor Feeding

A 10-week-old previously healthy female infant presented to a community hospital after a brief episode of choking and “turning blue” while feeding. Parents reported a 4-day history of poor feeding, weakness, weak cry, and lethargy. The baby was primarily formula fed with some breast milk and taking about 4 ounces every 4 hours, until 4 days prior to admission when, because of her poor suck, parents began spoon-feeding her 1 to 2 ounces of formula every 4 hours. Review of systems was negative for fever, cough, and diarrhea but notable for 4 days without a bowel movement. Pregnancy was uncomplicated, and prenatal labs, including group B strep, were all negative and/or within normal limits, resulting in the birth of a 3.4 kg infant at 39 weeks’ gestation. Except for a recent diagnosis of oral candidiasis, the baby had no significant past medical history, exposures, sick contacts, or travel. She was being treated with oral nystatin for the candidiasis and had received her 2-month vaccinations. Vital signs on admission were normal for age; weight was 5.2 kg. On initial neurological exam, the patient showed global hypotonia and physiological deep tendon reflexes with hoarse cry and weak suck, but no signs of respiratory distress. Complete metabolic panel and creatinine kinase were within normal limits. C-reactive protein was slightly elevated at 8.95 mg/L (normal <5 mg/L). Urinalysis was unremarkable. White blood cell count was slightly elevated at 16.2 × 10/μL with 49% neutrophils and 42% lymphocytes. No lumbar puncture was performed; head ultrasound was normal. Blood and urine cultures were negative. She was admitted for dehydration and presumed clinical sepsis, treated with 7 days of ceftriaxone and discharged home with an adaptive nipple. However, because of persistent weakness and poor feeding, the primary care pediatrician admitted the patient to a different community teaching hospital 14 days after her symptoms began. Further questioning revealed that the constipation and weakening suck were initially accompanied by general lethargy and marked head lag, which progressed to include first upperand then lower-extremity weakness. Detailed exam included the presence of normoreactive pupils, facial diplegia, diminished/absent gag, muted cry, decreased/absent deep tendon reflexes, and intact anal wink with no tongue fasciculations or ptosis. This combination of progressive peripheral descending hypotonia, facial diplegia, bulbar involvement, and decreased deep tendon reflexes strongly suggested infant botulism. After consultation with the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH), stool samples were submitted to test for botulinum toxin by mouse bioassay and for Clostridium botulinum organism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum lactate, ammonia, serum carnitine, plasma quantitative amino acids, and urine organic acids were within normal limits. Noncontrast MRI of the brain and spine were normal. The infant was then transferred to our institution for a more extensive neurological evaluation on day 16 of illness.
Investigation of bacteremia after toothbrushing in orthodontic patients

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence rate of bacteremia following toothbrushing with toothpastes composed of several antibacterial agents and compare the results with the conventional oral hygiene maintaining methods in orthodontic patients. Methods: This clinical study included 100 adult orthodontic patients who were divided into 4 groups. Each group comprised of 25 patients, wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. In the first group, bacteremia was assessed after toothbrushing without using any toothpaste. In the second group, a 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse was used before brushing with no toothpaste. In the third group, subjects brushed with a commonly used toothpaste which did not include an additional antimicrobial agent. The fourth experimental group used toothpaste which included tea tree oil, clove oil, peppermint oil and bisabolol as antimicrobial elements. Pre- and post-brushing blood samples were obtained using a strict aseptic technique. All samples were microbiologically evaluated using blood culture bottles. Results: Toothbrushing in orthodontic patients yielded to an increase in the occurrence rate of bacteremia when using normal toothpaste or no toothpaste at all. Conclusions: The use of chlorhexidine mouthwash before toothbrushing, and brushing with antimicrobial toothpaste did not show a statistically significant difference in preventing the occurrence of bacteremia (p ＞ 0.05).
Electrical Stimulation Therapy for the Central Pain.

Central pain due to stroke, spinal cord injury and surgical or traumatic brain injury is frequently refractory, and therefore, electrical stimulation therapy including stimulation of the spinal cord, thalamus and cerebral cortex is indicated. In this report, we discuss a strategy for dealing with central pain. Spinal cord stimulation has been thought to be ineffective as a treatment for central pain. However, it is a less invasive therapy and is sometimes effective even on the post-stroke pain of extremities. On the other hand, cerebral cortex stimulation has recently been more popular as a treatment for post-stroke pain, and successful cases of treatment have also been documented following spinal cord injury. At the present time, it is difficult to conclude whether cerebral cortex or thalamic stimulation is more effective in the treatment of spinal cord pain. We discuss our strategy for central pain. Medication and observation for at least one year is needed before surgical therapy is considered. If medication is not effective, spinal cord stimulation should be considered. Next, cerebral cortex stimulation is recommended, and depending on the patient's condition, thalamic stimulation may also be indicated.
Table structure recognition based on robust block segmentation

This paper presents an efficient approach to identify tabular structures within either electronic or paper documents. The resulting T-Recs system takes word bounding box information as input, and outputs the corresponding logical text block units. Starting with an arbitrary word as block seed the algorithm recursively expands this block to all words that interleave with their vertical neighbors. Since even smallest gaps of table columns prevent their words from mutual interleaving, this initial segmentation is able to identify and isolate such columns. In order to deal with some inherent segmentation errors caused by isolated lines, overhanging words, or cells spawning more than one column, a series of postprocessing steps is added. These steps benefit form a very simple distinction between type 1 and type 2 blocks: type 1 blocks are those of at most one word per line, all others are of type 2. This distinction allows the selective application of heuristics to each group of blocks. The conjoint decomposition of column blocks into subsets of table cells leads to the final block segmentation of a homogeneous abstraction level. These segments serve the final layout analysis which identifies table environments and cells that are stretching over several rows and/or columns.
Perfect random number generator is unnecessary for secure quantum key distribution

Game G: Clare passes a string s which is either from perfect random number generator R0 or from good imperfect number generator R1, with equal probability. Alice's information about whether it is from R0 or R1 is bounded by small value h. Alice use s as the input random numbers for QKD protocol with Bob. Suppose Eve may have very small information about the final key if s is from R0 and Eve has large information if s is from R1, then after the protocol, Alice announce the final key, Eve's information about whether s is from R0 or R1 is unreasonablly large, i.e., breaks the known bound, h. Explicit formulas are given in the article.
Reply to the Letter Regarding “Alcohol Consumption and HIV Disease Progression”

To the Editor: Dr. Beber et al state that the evidence presented in our paper concerning the association of alcohol consumption and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression ‘‘is not strong enough to completely support this point of view. ’’ They cite concerns regarding the assessment of alcohol consumption and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. We used well-validated measures for both. The main finding of our analyses was that among those HIV-infected individuals who were not currently on ART, there was a significant association between heavy alcohol consumption and lower CD4 cell count (adjusted mean decrease of 48.6 cells/mL compared with those who were abstinent). Concerns regarding ART adherence measurement could not affect this main finding in people not taking ART. The 30-day measurement period for alcohol consumption repeated every 6 months may not accurately reflect alcohol use during the entire 6-month interval. It also does not reflect the lifetime of drinking that may have occurred in the individual. Despite the possibility that the assessment may have underestimated lifetime or even recent exposure to alcohol, possibly resulting in decreased power to detect an effect on HIV disease progression, we detected an association. Furthermore, we used appropriate analytic techniques to account for changes over time (linear mixedeffects models with time-varying covariates for alcohol consumption). We do agree that our findings may not be generalizable to HIV-infected patients who have never had alcohol problems; we also cannot be certain that the observed association represents cause and effect. Nonetheless, our data strongly suggest that heavy drinking can have a modest adverse effect on HIV disease progression beyond that generally attributable to alcohol’s impact on adherence to HIV medications.
The impact of (low) trust on knowledge sharing

Purpose This paper aims to explore the differences in the level of knowledge sharing between co-workers in high versus low trust situations, for cognition-based trust and for affect-based trust as well as implicit and explicit knowledge. Design/methodology/approach The differences were examined through data provided by 102 professionals working for a financial organization in The Netherlands. Findings The differences in the level of knowledge sharing in high versus low trust situations are significant. The effect is larger for affect-based trust and for implicit knowledge. Research limitations/implications The survey has been conducted within one organization only. Practical implications Organizations should realize the importance of trust between their co-workers, and in general, there is much to gain by increasing the levels of trust between co-workers, as this will also increase knowledge sharing between co-workers. Originality/value Previous studies have not examined the situation of low trust and its effect on the level of knowledge sharing within a homogeneous group of co-workers.
Functional p-Type, Polymerized Organic Electrode Interlayer in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Perovskite/Fullerene Planar Heterojunction Hybrid Solar Cells.

UNLABELLED Thermal curing of the styrene-functionalized 9,9-diarylfluorene-based triaryldiamine monomer (VB-DAAF) forms an ideal p-type organic electrode interlayer capable of resisting solvation of the polar precursor solution in fabricating methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite/fullerene (C60) planar heterojunction hybrid solar cells. The polymerized VB-DAAF film exhibits a good energy level alignment with the valence-band-edge level of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite to facilitate the transport of holes. The large energy barrier to the conduction-band-edge level of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite effectively blocks electrons from reaching the positive electrode and reduces the photon energy loss due to recombination. The best-performing cell with the configuration of glass/indium-tin oxide/polymerized VB-DAAF/CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/C60/bathocuproine/aluminum is free of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) layer to achieve an open-circuit voltage (VOC) = 1.02 V, a short-circuit current (JSC) = 18.92 mA/cm(2), and a fill factor (FF) = 0.78, corresponding to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.17% under standard 1 sun AM 1.5G simulated solar irradiation. The performance is much superior to the device applying the PEDOT PSS interlayer with photovoltaic parameters of VOC = 0.85 V, JSC = 16.37 mA/cm(2), and FF = 0.74, corresponding to a PCE of 10.27%. Additionally, we had applied a UV-assisted process to polymerize the VB-DAAF film at relatively lower temperature and fabricate decent perovskite-based solar cells on the flexible substrate for real applications.
Inclusive perspectives or in-depth learning? A longitudinal case study of past debates and future directions in knowledge management for development

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze how the debate around knowledge management for development has evolved over a 14-year period. Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted in an inductive manner, seeking to identify key themes discussed on an online community on knowledge management for development. Analysis comprised observation of the online debate, as well as semantic (co-word) network analysis of a " big data " set, consisting of 14 years of email exchange. The results were verified with the members of the community in a focus group manner. Findings – In terms of content, the knowledge management for development debate remains strongly engaged with actual development discourse, and it continues to be rather oriented toward tools and methods. In terms of learning, the community appears highly inclusive, and provides fertile ground for in-depth knowledge sharing, but shows less potential for innovative influences. Research limitations/implications – The study contributes to literature on kn.
Knowledge sharing in knowledge-intensive manufacturing firms. An empirical study of its enablers

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate, following previous studies on knowledge-sharing (KS) processes that consist of knowledge donating (KD) and knowledge collecting (KC), the relationship between KS processes and KS enablers to understand the effect of organizational, individual and technological factors. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a Web survey. Data were collected from a sample of 759 knowledge workers selected from 23 knowledge-intensive manufacturing companies exposed to international markets and located in Tuscany (Italy). The analysis is based on multivariate regression models considering KD and KC as dependent variables. Findings – The results show that individual, organizational and technological factors matter to KS. Specifically, the paper reports that individual-level enablers and supportive leadership have a positive effect on both sub-processes of knowledge sharing. Further, the organic management system has a strong and positive impact on KD, while the efficacy o.
CRM in the digital age: implementation of CRM in three contemporary B2B firms

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to contribute to the current discussion on digitization in companies’ marketing from a customer relationship management (CRM) perspective by examining the role and objectives of CRM and the exploitation of social media to serve the objectives of CRM in contemporary business-to-business (B2B) companies. Design/methodology/approach – The data are collected through semi-structured themed interviews with key marketing/sales managers from three B2B firms. Findings – CRM seems to be moving closer to the company’s core activity and becoming everybody’s business to a greater extent than ever before, but its main goal, to enhance customer relationships, will not necessarily change. Understanding the customer is vital and requires different functions to cooperate closely to ensure the firm has the best possible understanding of its customers. Public social media tools played almost no part in CRM, but closed social media systems might have potential in the future. Research li.
Nucleation‐based prediction of the protein folding rate and its correlation with the folding nucleus size

The problem of protein self‐organization is in the focus of current molecular biology studies. Although the general principles are understood, many details remain unclear. Specifically, protein folding rates are of interest because they dictate the rate of protein aggregation which underlies many human diseases. Here we offer predictions of protein folding rates and their correlation with folding nucleus sizes. We calculated free energies of the transition state and sizes of folding nuclei for 84 proteins and peptides whose other parameters were measured at the point of thermodynamic equilibrium between their unfolded and native states. We used the dynamic programming method where each residue was considered to be either as folded as in its native state or completely disordered. The calculated and measured folding rates showed a good correlation at the temperature mid‐transition point (the correlation coefficient was 0.75). Also, we pioneered in demonstrating a moderate (‐0.57) correlation coefficient between the calculated sizes of folding nuclei and the folding rates. Predictions made by different methods were compared. The established good correlation between the estimated free energy barrier and the experimentally found folding rate of each studied protein/peptide indicates that our model gives reliable results for the considered data set. Proteins 2012; © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High rate concatenated coding systems using multidimensional bandwidth-efficient trellis inner codes

A concatenated coding system using two-dimensional trellis-coded MPSK inner codes and Reed-Solomon outer codes for application in high-speed satellite communication systems was proposed previously by the authors (ibid., vol.37, no.5, p.420-7, May 1989). The authors extend their results to systems using symbol-oriented, multidimensional, trellis-coded MPSK inner codes. The concatenated coding systems are divided into two classes according to their achievable effective information rates. The first class uses multidimensional trellis-coded 8-PSK inner codes and achieves effective information rates around 1 b/dimension (spectral efficiency 2 b/s/Hz). The second class employs multidimensional trellis-coded 16-PSK inner codes and provides effective information rates around 1.5 b/dimension (spectral efficiency 3 b/s/Hz). Both classes provide significant coding gains over an uncoded reference system with the same effective information rate as the coded system. The results show that the symbol-oriented nature of multidimensional inner codes can provide an improvement of up to 1 dB in the overall performance of a concatenated coding system when these codes replace bit-oriented two-dimensional codes. <<ETX>>
20 Y M M S

Twenty years ago, modal and mixed specifications were proposed as abstract models of system behavior. In this paper, we explain the nature and utility of such specifications, relate them to other formalisms, showcase some of their established applications, and mention some existing tool support. We also present some recent complexity results for decision problems underlying such applications and list some remaining open problems.
Plasticity of kidney cells: role in kidney remodeling and scarring.

Plasticity of kidney cells: Role in kidney remodeling and scarring. The progression of renal scarring and the associated loss of function remains one of the main challenges in nephrology. Until recently, the glomerular and tubulointerstitial scarring processes were thought to involve primarily interactions between infiltrating inflammatory cells and resident renal cells culminating in loss of renal cells and their replacement by extracellular collagenous matrix (ECM). This review focuses on new aspects of renal response to injury and remodeling. Emphasis is on the plasticity of renal cells with the capacity of both glomerular and tubular cells to assume a range of phenotypes during the remodeling process. Both glomerular and tubular epithelial cells regress to primitive/embryonic mesenchymal phenotype in response to injury. This reverse embryogenesis is a key step in renal healing and scarring. In addition to the plasticity of intrinsic renal cells, it is becoming apparent that renal remodeling in health and disease involves the migration of progenitor hematopoietic stem cells into the kidneys. These cells assume various glomerular and tubular epithelial phenotype. They are also involved in the evolution of lesions toward healing or scarring. A better understanding of some of these key events in renal remodeling and their mediators may open the way to new interventions based on their manipulations and aimed at favoring renal healing and preventing scarring.
Protein function annotation by local binding site surface similarity

Hundreds of protein crystal structures exist for proteins whose function cannot be confidently determined from sequence similarity. Surflex‐PSIM, a previously reported surface‐based protein similarity algorithm, provides an alternative method for hypothesizing function for such proteins. The method now supports fully automatic binding site detection and is fast enough to screen comprehensive databases of protein binding sites. The binding site detection methodology was validated on apo/holo cognate protein pairs, correctly identifying 91% of ligand binding sites in holo structures and 88% in apo structures where corresponding sites existed. For correctly detected apo binding sites, the cognate holo site was the most similar binding site 87% of the time. PSIM was used to screen a set of proteins that had poorly characterized functions at the time of crystallization, but were later biochemically annotated. Using a fully automated protocol, this set of 8 proteins was screened against ∼60,000 ligand binding sites from the PDB. PSIM correctly identified functional matches that predated query protein biochemical annotation for five out of the eight query proteins. A panel of 12 currently unannotated proteins was also screened, resulting in a large number of statistically significant binding site matches, some of which suggest likely functions for the podorly characterized proteins. Proteins 2014; 82:679–694. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prescribing Outdoor Play: Outdoors Rx

Studies support the use of exercise prescriptions in adults, but few studies have evaluated their use in children. One common barrier to effective physical activity counseling is lack of resources. Outdoors Rx is a collaboration between the Appalachian Mountain Club and the Massachusetts General Hospital for Children that pairs exercise prescriptions with guided outdoor programs to increase physical activity among children. This article describes the design and implementation of Outdoors Rx at 2 community health centers serving ethnically diverse, low-income, urban families, as well as evaluates feedback from participating pediatricians regarding the utility of the program, barriers to success, and suggestions for improvement. Our results illustrate the feasibility of implementing a pediatric physical activity prescription program in community health centers serving traditionally underserved populations. Our data suggest that physical activity prescription programs are well received by both pediatricians and families and are a useful tool for facilitating physical activity counseling.