Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The geophysical approach towards the nutation of a rigid Earth

This paper presents the new and complete se- ries named H96NUT for the nutation of a rigid Earth model. In contrast to the traditional computation method, the nutation is calculated here indirectly via the new and highly accurate tidal potential development recently given by Hartmann & Wenzel (1995a,b), (HW95). All contribu- tions up to 0.45 as were taken into account leading to 699 nutation terms separated after origin (or 607 terms summed according to the same arguments). These are: the main terms due to the Moon, the Sun and the plan- ets, indirect planetary eects, eects due to the triaxi- ality of the Earth, eects due to the J3 and J4 geopo- tential, the geodesic nutation and second order terms. Nutation series for the angular momentum axis, the gure axis and the rotation axis are derived; they are in good agreement with those given in Roosbeek & Dehant (1997) with exception of several terms whose cause is discussed. Modern constants (like the precession constant) have been used throughout. The value for the dynamical elliptic- ity Hdyn, which is compatible with these computations, is Hdyn =3 :273 792 489 10 3 . In addition, some other val- ues related with precession are also deduced from the tidal potential. One main advantage of this work is that a com- pletely independent analytical computation method has been established which is extensively described here (see also Hartmann (1996) for more details) and which pro- vides { besides a numerical calculation { a useful valida- tion of existing nutation series.
How well do we understand landscape effects on pollinators and pollination services

Many studies in the past decade, mostly in temperate countries, have documented the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on species richness, composition, and abundance and the behaviour of pollinators. Changes in landscape structure are considered to be the primary causes of the limitation of pollination services in agricultural systems. Here, we review evidence of general patterns as well as gaps in knowledge that could be used to support the development of policies for pollinator conservation and the restoration of degraded landscapes. Our results indicate a recent increase in the number of studies on the relationships between pollination processes and landscape patterns, with some key trends already being established. Many authors indicate, for example, that the spatial organization of a landscape has a great influence on the survival and dispersal capacity of many pollinators, as spatial organization affects resource availability and determines the functional connectivity of the landscape. Additionally, the shape, size and spatial arrangement of the patches of each type of natural environment, as well as the occurrence of different types of land use, can create sites with different degrees of connectivity or even barriers to movement between patches, which can deeply modify pollinator flows through the landscape and consequently the success of cross-pollination. However, there are still some gaps, such as in the knowledge of which critical values of habitat loss can lead to drastic increases in pollinator extinction rates, information that is needed to evaluate at what point plant-pollinator interactions may collapse. We also need to concentrate research effort on improving a landscape’s capacity to facilitate pollinator flow (connectivity) between crops and nesting/foraging areas.
Strategies for the control of multiple distributed generation schemes

As the capacity and number of distributed generation schemes grows, so does the need for power output control strategies. Candidate strategies for the control of multiple distributed generation schemes have been identified and for each strategy the underpinning control algorithm is given. Through simulations on a United Kingdom Generic Distribution System the annual energy yields resulting from the applied control strategies are quantified and the relative merits of the control strategies are discussed.
A Plant Recognition Method Based on Local Linear Embedding and Multi-Feature Fusion

In order to acquire the accurate and practical feature of leaves to improve the accuracy of leaves image recognition, a new method based on local linear embedding and multi-feature fusion is proposed. Firstly, the LBP algorithm is used to extract texture features of leaves. Considering the high dimension of LBP feature, local Linear embedding (LLE) algorithm is used to reduce the dimensions of leaf texture features. At the same time, the shape features of the leaves are considered. The LBP rotation invariant features are combined with the shape features. Then using the K nearest neighbor (KNN) method to recognize plant leaves. Experimental results based on the leaf image database prove that the proposed method has high recognition accuracy and stability.
Physical properties of maritime low clouds as retrieved by combined use of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager and Visible/Infrared Scanner 2. Climatology of warm clouds and rain

[1] In this paper, we investigate characteristics of low clouds and warm-rain production in terms of droplet growth based on the effective droplet radii retrieved by a combined use of visible, infrared, and microwave satellite remote sensing. We propose to categorize low clouds into the following groups: (1) nondrizzling, nonraining clouds; (2) nonraining clouds with drizzling near the cloud top; (3) raining clouds; and (4) clouds with no clear interpretation in terms of the effective radii derived using two different schemes. This categorization is supported by examination of the correlation between static stability and the retrieved results in the three ‘‘precipitating regions’’ (the Middle Pacific, South Pacific Convergence Zone [SPCZ], and Intertropical Convergence Zone [ITCZ] cumulus regions) and in the four ‘‘nonprecipitating regions’’ (the Californian, Peruvian, Namibian, and eastern Asian stratus regions). The rain rate derived by Precipitation Radar (PR) provides global characteristics consistent with our results. Californian and Peruvian stratus clouds are found to frequently have the drizzle mode near the cloud top, whereas Namibian strati have fewer chances to drizzle. The drizzle mode almost completely disappears in the eastern Asian region in the winter. The cloud–aerosol interaction is a promising candidate for suppressing the drizzle mode formation in nonprecipitating clouds. INDEX TERMS: 0320 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud physics and chemistry; 1610 Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325); 1640 Global Change: Remote sensing; 1655 Global Change: Water cycles (1836)
The copepod assemblage (Copepoda: Crustacea) on the inner continental shelf adjacent to Camamu Bay, northeast Brazil

The copepod assemblage on the inner continental shelf adjacent to the coastal system of Camamu Bay (state of Bahia, Brazil) is described in relation to hydrographic conditions, during the wet and dry seasons of 2004. The zooplankton samples were obtained in vertical tows using a net with 200 µm mesh size. Temperature and salinity were measured, and the total density, frequency and percentage occurrence of the copepod taxa were determined for each sampling period. The highest densities were observed at the entrance of Camamu Bay (up to 7.473 ind.m-3), and the lowest on the adjacent inner continental shelf south of Camamu Bay (less than 500 ind.m-3). A total of 57 copepod taxa were identified. Paracalanus quasimodo Bowman, 1971, Subeucalanus pileatus (Giesbrecht, 1888), Clausocalanus furcatus (Brady, 1883), Corycaeus giesbrechti F. Dahl, 1894, Temora turbinata (Dana, 1849), Oithona similis Claus, 1866, Temora stylifera (Dana, 1849) and Nannocalanus minor (Claus, 1863) dominated numerically. The densities measured in both sampling seasons were significantly different: the means were 1.849 ± 1.922 ind.m-3 and 3.657 ± 3.170 ind.m-3 for the wet season and dry season, respectively. Depth and temporal variation in temperature and salinity influenced species abundance during the wet and dry seasons, with the dominant species alternating. Species richness and diversity increased on the inner shelf adjacent to the coastal system of Camamu Bay at the 30- and 50-m isobaths, suggesting that most species were oceanic in origin. The diversity was similar to other coastal systems of northeast Brazil.
Big Plant Closures and Agglomeration Economies

This paper analyses the effects of large manufacturing plant closures on local employment. Specifically, we estimate the net employment effects of the closure of 45 large manufacturing plants in Spain, which relocated abroad between 2001 and 2006. We run differences-in-differences specifications in which locations that experience a closure are matched to locations with similar pre-treatment employment levels and trends. The results show that when a plant closes, for each job directly lost in the plant closure, between 0.3 and 0.6 jobs are actually lost in the local economy. The adjustment is concentrated in incumbent firms in the industry that suffered the closure, providing indirect evidence of labor market pooling effects. We find no employment effects in the rest of manufacturing industries or in the services sectors. These findings suggest that traditional input-output analyses tend to overstate the net employment losses of large plant closures.
Improved SWAT vegetation growth module for tropical ecosystem

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a globally applied river basin eco-hydrological simulator in a wide spectrum of studies, ranging from land use change and climate change impacts studies to research for the development of best water management practices. However, SWAT has limitations in simulating the seasonal growth cycles for trees and perennial vegetation in tropics, where the major plant growth controlling factor is the rainfall (via soil moisture) rather than temperature. Our goal is to improve the vegetation growth module of the SWAT model for simulating the vegetation parameters such as the leaf area index (LAI) for tropics. Therefore, we present a modified SWAT version for the tropics (SWAT-T) that uses of a simple but robust soil moisture index (SMI) – a quotient of the rainfall (P) and reference evapotranspiration (PET) – to initiate a new growing season after a defined dry season. Our results for the Mara Basin (Kenya/Tanzania) show that the SWAT-T simulated LAI corresponds well with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI for evergreen forest, savanna grassland and shrubs, indicating that the SMI is a reliable proxy to dynamically initiate a new growing cycle. The water balance components (evapotranspiration and flow) simulated by the SWAT-T exhibit a good agreement with remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (RS-ET) and observed flow. The SWAT-T simulator with the proposed improved vegetation growth module for tropical ecosystem could be a robust tool for several applications including land use and climate change impact studies.
USER EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS METHOD FOR CREATING NEW BANKING SERVICES: HOW TO TURN YOUR EMPLOYEE FEED BACK TO DISRUPTIVE GAIN/ZIRAAT BANK MODEL

Research has showed that employee feedbacks are a useful way to obtain and utilize employees’ creative ideas. To be effective, employees must be motivated to think creatively and express opinions. Nowadays user behaviors are shaping the needs of change to a large extent. A°t is beneficial to provide satisfaction of employees who play a bridge role with external customers for businesses. Businesses that take this innovation into account can gain various utilities. One of the most well-known utility is to make users feel valuable; reduce the duration of learning and acceptance of work. A°n this paper, it will be explained how the employees’ opinions are analyzed and how the new business processes are redesigned with a new innovative way. User experience analyses offer that: “don’t be afraid of digital technologies; just start from a simple solution that will enrich your customer experiences and match their needs. Iterate and move forward step-by-step by implementing new solutions”. This study aims to measure the user experience satisfaction level in Ziraat Bank for interface of core banking software. A°t is examines the 11 factors of customer experience and identifies their impact on customer satisfaction. Data were collected from 376 users. Wilcoxon signed-rank, paired t tests are applied to identify the relationship between 11 experience factors and demographics of respondents. By this reliable and valid scale, bank managers can identify the current and expected experiences of the customers/employees and can build up effective strategies for the utmost satisfaction of the customers/employees.
Development and comparative evaluation of radiation-based reference evapotranspiration equations for sub-humid Hazaribagh region of Jharkhand

In this study, two site-specific solar radiation (R s ) and net radiation (R n ) based equations for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET ­0 ) were developed and their performance were statistically analysed in comparison to widely accepted FAO Penman-Monteith method (PMF-56) and four other standard radiation methods for sub-humid Hazaribagh region of Jharkhand. These two equations were developed with daily values of R s and R n in conjunction with maximum and minimum air temperature by taking daily PMF-56 ET 0 values as index with weather dataset of 15 years (1990-2004). The performance of these equations validated with carefully screened daily weather dataset of eight years (2005-2012) with other considered standard methods revealed that they estimated ET 0 better. The eight year average ratio of ET 0 values calculated with developed R s - and R n - based equations and PMF-56 on daily basis were obtained as 1.07 and 1.10 respectively. These two derived equations resulted in better average values of SEE on daily (0.57 and 0.61) and monthly (1.24 and 1.21) basis. The higher value of Agreement index (D) on monthly ET 0 values on daily and monthly basis during validation period confirms efficacy of derived equations. Considering the limitations associated with reliability and availability of weather data especially in developing countries, derived equations presented in this study are recommended to estimate ET 0 in sub-humid Hazaribagh region if standard PMF-56 equation cannot be used due to non-availability of required weather parameters.
An Overview on Study of Identification of Driver Behavior Characteristics for Automotive Control

Driver characteristics have been the research focus for automotive control. Study on identification of driver characteristics is provided in this paper in terms of its relevant research directions and key technologies involved. This paper discusses the driver characteristics based on driver’s operation behavior, or the driver behavior characteristics. Following the presentation of the fundamental of the driver behavior characteristics, the key technologies of the driver behavior characteristics are reviewed in detail, including classification and identification methods of the driver behavior characteristics, experimental design and data acquisition, and model adaptation. Moreover, this paper discusses applications of the identification of the driver behavior characteristics which has been applied to the intelligent driver advisory system, the driver safety warning system, and the vehicle dynamics control system. At last, some ideas about the future work are concluded.
Synergistic endo- and exo-interactions between blueberry phenolic compounds, grape variety fractions, chocolate covered strawberries, and fruit smoothies.

The presence of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables is considered to be of nutritional importance in the prevention of chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Through overlapping or complementary effects, the complex mixture of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables provides a better protective effect on health than single phytochemicals. Previous studies have shown that synergistic interactions between antioxidants in food result in a higher antioxidant capacity than individually isolated antioxidants. Further work is needed to explore other potential synergistic interactions between antioxidant mixtures within foods (endo-interactions) and between foods (exo-interactions) commonly eaten together. A series of studies examined potential synergy between various components of blueberries, grapes, chocolate covered strawberries, and fruit smoothies using multiple antioxidant assays (ORAC, TEAC and DPPH). At the ratio found in blueberries, significant synergy, antagonism, and patterns were found for many phenolic compound combinations, though they were dependent on the assay. Significant synergy was found in the combinations of skin and juice as well as skin, juice, and seed across three grape varieties. Significant synergy was found in the combination of strawberry and 88% cocoa chocolate in fully dipped strawberries. Fruit smoothies made with blueberries (as opposed to strawberries and raspberries) and soymilk (as opposed to water) exhibited significantly higher antioxidant capacity. The 3 assays measured correlated weakly with each other. This work furthers our understanding of the potential value of complex mixtures and foods in the human diet and is the first to report on the combinations and fractions described.
QTL mapping: a conceptual approach to improving cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa. L)

Much of what is known about the process of technological innovation in agriculture has yet to be captured in the discussions of abiotic stress plant tolerance as well as rice cold tolerance. The development of research and technological solutions to minimize risks of current abiotic stresses to the plant can lead to two possible outcomes: increase in agricultural productivity and assist the future of plant breeding work. Research efforts about the role of technological development, driven by abiotic stress constraints, are pivotal in making any assertion about the likely tolerance of plant to abiotic stress. Drawing upon the hypothesis of QTL mapping, this research investigates on detection of QTLs for cold tolerance at the seedling stage in rice ( Oryza sativa. L ), QTLs identified from a BC 1 F 2 breeding population derived from the cross between Chomrongdhan, a donor parent tolerant with Vary botry a susceptible parent, that lead to increase rice productivity in Madagascar. Using a controlled environment and molecular work, out of total 500 BC 1 F 2 segregating plants, 144 plants were used for genotyping based on of visual seedling stage cold tolerance symptom. A total of 4606 SNP markers evenly spread throughout the whole 12 rice genome was used for parental polymorphism survey. The 34% polymorphic markers were used for QTL mapping for cold tolerance at seedling stage. QTL analysis using inclusive composite interval mapping detected four QTLs on chromosome 2 and 10 with phenotypic variances (R 2 ) of 11.11, 7.55, 12.8 and 8.8%, respectively. The position of QTL on chromosome 2 was flanked by 2262412 and 2237404, three other QTLs were detected on chromosome 10 conferred cold tolerances for seedling growth and leaf growth at 14day after recovery and appear to be a novel QTLs. Selected tolerant plant in this research should be useful for the farmers and the markers flanking those identified QTLs should be useful for molecular marker assisted breeding for cold tolerance for the breeder. Keywords : QTL mapping, cold tolerance, seedling, rice.
What does FDI inflow mean for emerging african economies? Measuring the regional effects of FDI in Africa

Can foreign direct investment (FDI) promote growth in Africa? What does the inflow of investment hold for African emerging economies? Are the determinants of FDI different for different regional blocs in Africa? This study reviews the implication of FDI for different regional blocs in Africa. FDI was found to have a significant effect on growth in North Africa but had no significant effect in East, Southern and West Africa. FDI was also found not to be driving growth in the whole of Africa in a significant manner. The implications of the findings are that even though trade openness seems to be a major factor driving FDI. Poor domestic markets were still preventing many African economies from taking full advantage of the gains from foreign direct investment. The study results could be useful to scholars who study the dynamics surrounding FDI disbursement and strategies on how FDI can drive growth in developing countries.
Türkiye Florasında Doğal Olarak Yetişen Üç Farklı Vaccinium Türünün Sürgün Çoğaltımı Üzerine Besi ortamı pH’sının Etkisi

Besi ortamlarinin pH’si bitki hucre kulturlerini etkileyen en onemli faktorlerden biridir ve genellikle bunun kontrolune cok az onem verilmistir. Bu calisma V. arctostaphylos, V. myrtillus ve V. uliginosum’un surgun cogaltiminda besi ortami pH degisimlerinin etkilerini belirlemek amaciyla dizayn edilmistir. Surgun cogaltimi, surgun sayisi, surgun boyu, nod sayisi ve kallus olusum yuzdeleri acisindan degerlendirilmistir. Bunun icin pH’si otoklavdan once 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 ve 6.0’a ayarlanmis ve 1.0/0.1 mg/L zeatin/IBA ile desteklenmis WPM, temel besi ortami olarak kullanilmistir. Nod segmentlerinin eksplant olarak kullanildigi in vitro calismalarda surgun cogaltimi besi ortami pH’sinin yani sira ture bagli olarak da buyuk olcude etkilenmistir. Besi ortamlarinin son pH degisimleri 3.66 ve 5.42 olarak belirlenmistir. En yuksek surgun sayisi eksplant basina 5.03 ile 5.5 pH iceren besi ortamdaki V. arctostaphylos’tan, en yuksek surgun boyu ise 40.78 mm ile 4.5 pH iceren besi ortamdaki V. myrtillus’tan elde edilmistir. V. arctostaphylos ve V. uliginosum icin en yuksek nod sayisini surgun basina 10.83 ile pH’si 6.0 olan ortam vermistir. V. arctostaphylos’da en yuksek surgun boyu ve en yuksek nod sayisi acisindan 6.0 pH daha ustun bulunurken, en yuksek surgun sayisi icin 5.5 pH daha uygun olmustur. V. myrtillus’da tum parametrelerde en yuksek degerler 4.5 pH iceren ortamdan elde edilmistir. pH degerleri bir artis egiliminde oldugunda V. uliginosum’da surgun cogaltim oranlari onemli bir sekilde azalmistir.
Delays in Building Construction Projects in Ghana

This study investigates the causes of delay of building construction projects in Ghana to determine the most important according to the key project participants; clients, consultants, and contractors. Thirty-two possible causes of delay were identified from the literature and semi-structured interviews of 15 key players in the implementation process. These delay factors were further categorised into nine major groups. The list of delay causes was subjected to a questionnaire survey for the identification of the most important causes of delay. The field survey included 130 respondents made up of 39 contractors, 37 clients and 54 consultants. The relative importance of the individual causes and the groups were calculated and ranked by their relative importance index. The overall results of the study indicate that the respondents generally agree that financial group factors ranked highest among the major factors causing delay in construction projects in Ghana. The financial group factors were delay in honouring payment certificates, difficulty in accessing credit and fluctuation in prices. Materials group factors are second followed by scheduling and controlling factors.