Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sports, exercise, and Labor market outcomes: Increasing participation in sports and exercise can boost productivity and earnings

Sports and exercise improve physical and mental health. Sports and exercise can substantially increase earnings. As they are time consuming, sports and exercise may crowd out non-productive uses of time (such as watching non-educational TV). Sports and exercise increase human capital in several dimensions, including soft skills (team work, self-discipline, endurance, stress relief, and selfconfidence). Sports and exercise increase individual well-being. eleVaTOr PiTch
Efficient NEMo security Management via cA-PKI Tat

AbstrabNetwork Mobility (NEMO) has gained much momentum ever since being introduced. The concept of I\{EMO, is actually building on top of the MIPv6 and using MIh6 as its backbone. The difrerences are much align at the capability of the Router being able to roam freely, hence the term Mobite Router (MR). Whereas in the MIPV6 world, there is only fix Access Router (AR). Since the I\IEMO is directly associated with MIh/6 as the backbones building bloclis, the IIEMO concepts has also inherits the security management systems of which MIpv6 is adapting. As the matter of fact, the ITIEMO concept has exposed greater security risks with the use of lpSec as the security design. Coupled with nested tooping concept and capability tnai XgmO offered, the use of IPSec as the security design will no longer be sufficient from the efficiency point of view. ln this paper, we wlll lllustrate the use of IPSec on Nf,MO, and zoomlng into tbe instances whereby nested looping comes into picture and how security system will be at risk and finally proposlng a new security design system to counter the inelficiencies
The control of salivary glands in the stick insect, carausius morosus

The control of salivary glands in the stick insect, Cmausius morosus Spilios Asimakopoulos Masters of Science, 1998 Department of Zoology, University of Toronto Tmmunohistochemistry in Camsius morosus reveals that the salivary glands are innervated by two paired neurons, the SNl and SN2, located in the suboesophageal ganglion. The SNl stain for tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity, while the SN2 stain for serotonin-like immunoreactivity. Dopamine and serotonin cause a dose-dependent increase in cyclic AMP levels in the salivary glands, indicating cyclic AMP may play a role as a second messenger. A partial pharmacological profile ofthe receptor shows that the dopamine receptors are similar to vertebrate Dl-like receptors, while the serotonin receptors are similar to vertebrate 5HT2 or 5HT, receptors. Electrical stimulation of the salivary nerve also elevates cyclic AMP levels in the salivary glands, an elevation that can be partially inhibited by 0. lmM SCH-23390 and cyp ro hep t adine. Immunohistochemistry also reveals that the salivary glands of C m s i u s receive GABA-like immunoreactive projections fiom the salivary nerve. The GABA-like immunoreactive axon branches over the acini, where many varicosities are seen along the length of the axon. GABA potentiates dopamine-induced increases in cyclic AMP content of the salivary glands, although it has no intrinsic activity. The potentiation is completely blocked when the salivary glands are preincubated in 2x104M 2-hydroxysactofen, a potent GAB& channel blocker. It would appear that GABA may sewe as a neuromodulator in the salivary glands of Carausius.
Agile Photonic Crystals Report Title

searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggesstions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA, 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any oenalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
Correlations in Firm Default Behavior by Sreeram Thirukkonda

Modeling credit risk using Structural and Reduced Form models has been a popular and apropos topic of research. This work makes an attempt to better understand correlations in firm default. A review of contemporary research reveals several models with varying degrees of assumptions around firm default and how they relate to macroeconomic variables. More recent literature also makes use of a doubly stochastic assumption which in essence holds that given a certain path of covariates the default probabilities of two similar firms is independent. We explore empirical evidence which points to correlated defaults conditional on various explanatory covariates. Given the strong similarities in underlying firm structure and relationship to macro-economic environment, it can be hypothesized that there exist correlations in default behavior among similar firms. Thesis Supervisor: Scott Joslin Title: Assistant Professor of Finance
Foundations and Trends R © in Entrepreneurship Context Matters : Institutions and Entrepreneurship

This survey explores the important connection between institutions and entrepreneurship. Institutions consist of the formal and informal “rules of the game. ” Entrepreneurs act within a context determined by these rules. The rules of the game create payoffs that make certain entrepreneurial opportunities more attractive than others. We explore the relevant literature from institutional economics and entrepreneurial studies, focusing on the important link between the two. Particular emphasis is placed on entrepreneurship within several different institutional settings — private for-profit, private nonprofit, and political — as well as the impact of entrepreneurship on institutions. We conclude by discussing the implications for future research on the topic. * We would like to thank the editors and an anonymous referee for detailed comments and suggestions. We would also like to thank Zac Rolnik for his patience and assistance throughout the process of preparing and revising this survey. Earlier versions of this survey were presented at the Mason Entrepreneurship Research Conference (MERC) Annual Conference, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, March 28, 2008 and at the IHS Social Change Workshop, Brown University, Providence, RI, June 23, 2008. We would like to thank the participants for their comments and suggestions.
Stability for an inverse problem in potential theory

Let D be a subdomain of a bounded domain Ω in R n . The conductivity coefficient of D is a positive constant k ¬=; 1 and the conductivity of Ω/D is equal to 1. For a given current density g on ∂Ω, we compute the resulting potential u and denote by f the value of u on ∂Ω. The general inverse problem is to estimate the location of D from the known measurements of the voltage f. If D h is a family of domains for which the Hausdorff distance d(D, D h ) equal to O(h) (h small), then the corresponding measurements f h are O(h) close to f
Marbled salamanders (Ambystoma opacum) choose low elevation nest sites when cover availability is controlled

Nest site selection is an important part of adult reproductive behavior because growth and survival of young are often affected by the local environment. In terrestrially nesting marbled salamanders, nest elevation is likely important to reproductive success because it is directly related to the time of hatching. We tested the hypothesis that females choose nest sites based on elevation and its correlates by controlling the availability of nesting cover, a potentially important factor in nest site selection which often covaries with elevation. Breeding adults were confined to field enclosures in which natural nesting cover had been removed and replaced with equal proportions of artificial cover in each of three elevation zones. In four enclosures that spanned from lowest to highest areas of a wetland breeding site, females used artificial nesting cover most frequently at low elevations. These results contrast with other studies in which intermediate elevations had highest nest densities, but are consistent with a conceptual model in which opposing selective forces result in locally adapted nest site selection.
An Experimental Study to Reduce Sediment Entry into an Intake Canal Ananth

Purpose of an intake canal is supplying water to irrigation, industrial, thermal power plants etc. Quantity of water decreases in the canal because of sedimentation caused due to sediment entry from main water source. Experiments are conducted to identify a method to reduce sediment entry into the canal. A physical model which consists of main rectangular channel of bed width 55cm filled with a sediment of size d50=0.28mm and also a rigid bed trapezoidal channel of a bed width of 12cm with side slopes of 1:1, is used for this purpose. The rectangular and trapezoidal channels in the model represent the river and intake canal, respectively. Both channel bed levels are meeting at the same elevation. The diversion angle of intake canal is 45 0 . All experiments are conducted at a constant discharge of 0.025m 3 /s with a flow depth of H=8cm. The sediment entry into the intake channel (Qs) is estimated first without vane arrangement. Then, seven rectangular vanes of equal height 0.375H, width of 0.18H and 1 mm thick, are installed at the canal entrance making an angle of 15 0 , 30 0 and 45 0 with respect to the flow direction in a rectangular channel, to reduce Qs. Two vane arrangements with 8cm and 12cm vane spacing (Sv) are used to conduct the experiments. When Sv is 8cm, Qs decreases by 52%, 51% and 44% for 15 0 , 30 0 and 45 0 vane angle, respectively. Further, with an increase of Sv to 12cm, Qs reduces by 59%, 55% and 52% for 15 0 , 30 0 and 45 0 vane angle, respectively. However, Qs decreases to 60%, 57% and 49% by introducing a second parallel row of vanes at 8cm spacing for 15 0 , 30 0 and 45 0 , respectively. Hence, Qs reduces with an increase of vane spacing and increases with an increase of vane angle. Also, Qs decreases with an addition of vane row except 45 0 vane angle.
Overview of microsporidia and microsporidiosis 1

The phylum Microsporidia comprises nearly 1200 species of single-celled, obligate intracellular, eukaryotic parasites that infect animals of virtually all animal phyla, particularly fish and insects (Canning et al., 1986; Larsson, 2005; Vossbrinck and DebrunnerVossbrinck, 2005). Since they were discovered to be a cause of persistent diarrhea and systemic disease in persons with AIDS, the interest of the biomedical community in these organisms has grown tremendously (Desportes et al., 1985). Currently, 14 species have been identified as infectious agents of humans (Table 1). Enterocytozoon bieneusi and the Encephalitozoon spp. are the most prevalent microsporidia identified in humans (Weber et al., 2000; Didier, 2005; Didier and Weiss, 2006). Molecular epidemiology studies are generating a broader understanding about the wide demographic, geographic, zoonotic, and environmental range of the microsporidia that infect humans, and the detection of human-infecting microsporidia in water sources led to their inclusion into the NIH Category B list of biodefense pathogens and the EPA microbial conOverview of microsporidia and microsporidiosis 1
Reassessing the Three Waves of Democratization

Since the publication of Samuel Huntington's 1991 study of democratization, scholars have come to take for granted the notion that the spread of democracy has come in waves. Although Huntington's work has clearly proved to be an influential study, this article suggests that his analysis is far from compelling. There are two problems embodied in the work. The first is largely conceptual. Huntington's analysis fails to provide a clear and meaningful distinction between democratic and authoritarian regimes because it focuses primarily on what Dahl had defined in 1971 as the dimension of competition and pays insufficient attention to the equally important dimension of inclusion. The second problem is more empirical. Huntington has estimated the incidence of transitions to democracy in terms of the percentages of world states involved. Since the denominator in this equation, that is, the number of states in the world, is far from constant, this measure can be misleading. This article proposes solutions to both of these problems, and this new approach leads to conclusions that are quite different from Huntington's. The new findings are important not only because they suggest a somewhat altered sequencing and a more accurate count of democratization waves but also because they cast real doubt on the appropriateness of the wave metaphor. As the reverse waves are not really apparent from these data, these results therefore also indicate that future studies should be cautious in comparing, explaining, and forecasting different “waves” of democratization.
Psychiatric disorders among older prisoners : A systematic review and comparison 1 study against older people in the community . 2 3 4 5

text: 58 59 Objectives. Despite emerging evidence that older prisoners experience poor mental health, 60 literature in this area is still limited. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we 61 report on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among older prisoners and compare our 62 findings against community studies on older people. 63 64 Methods. We searched on Assia, PsycInfo, MedLine, Embase, Web of Science, Google and 65 Gov.uk. We carried out bias assessments, rated studies for quality and ran a heterogeneity 66 test. We meta-analysed prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders through an aggregate 67 weighted mean and calculated Relative Risk and statistical significance against community 68 studies. Sensitivity analyses were further performed. 69 70 Results. We reviewed nine studies and obtained the following prevalence: “Any psychiatric 71 disorder” 38.4%, depression 28.3%, schizophrenia/psychoses 5.5%, bipolar disorder 4.5%, 72 dementia 3.3%, cognitive impairment 11.8%, personality disorder 22.9%, alcohol abuse 73 15.9%, anxiety disorders 14.2%, PTSD 6.2%. Older prisoners were found to have higher RR 74 for every single psychiatric disorder against older people in the community, with the sole 75 exception of alcohol abuse (RR=1) and dementia (RR=.75). The prevalence rates were 76 statistically significantly higher (p<.05) among the prisoners for “Any psychiatric disorder”, 77 depression and personality disorder. Overall, the sensitivity analyses confirmed our original 78 results. 79 80 Conclusion. Our findings point at a high prevalence of every single psychiatric disorder 81 among older prisoners, who also experience rates of dementia and alcohol abuse comparable 82 to those reported in the community. Our results have relevant implications for policy and 83 practice in this area. Further research is crucial to confirm findings from this study. 84
Clinico-Haematological Profile of Thalassemia Intermedia Patients

Abstract Clinico-haematological profile of 93 patients (60 males, 33 females) of thalassemia intermedia with age between 6 months to 46 years (mean 13.5) is being presented. They comprised of 76 homozygous and 17 heterozygous for β thalassemia. The mean haemoglobin at presentation was 7.4 g/dl. Anthropometric measurements in 62 children below 19 years of age revealed height less than 3rd percentile in 63.4% male and 57.1% female children while weight was less than 3rd percentile in 76% males and 81% female children. Fifty-three of 93 patients were followed up for a mean period of 3.7 years (range 1-14). Twenty-five of 53 (47%) patients had progression of thalassemic facies. Pathological fractures, osteoporotic changes, compression fracture, and gall stones were observed in 8,3,1 and 2 patients respectively. Fifty-four of 93 patients required infrequent blood transfusions ranging from 1-2 unit per year, while 34 patients never required blood transfusions. Serum ferritin levels were done in 16 cases which varied between 132-5600 ng/ml. Sixteen of 27 patients who were above 15 years of age or had clinical suspicion of endocrinopathies were found to have endocrine abnormalities like hypocalcemia (5 cases), hypothyroidism (3 cases), growth hormone deficiency (2 cases) and primary gonadal failure (2 cases). Twelve of 33 (36.4%) women had 19 pregnancies during the study. Ten of these had full term normal deliveries, while 5 were premature neonates. Two neonates died because of prematurity and/or infection. Four women had abortions. Nineteen patients were investigated for 5 common genetic mutations. Eleven of these patients showed compound heterozygous pattern while 7 cases were true homozygous with highest frequency of IVS1-nt-1 (G-T) mutations (44.7%). Blood transfusion policy, endocrine problems, pregnancy outcome, other therapeutic options and inheritance pattern for these patients have been reviewed.
FERMI CONSTRAINS DARK-MATTER ORIGIN OF HIGH-ENERGY POSITRON ANOMALY

Fermi measurements of the high-latitude γ-ray background strongly constrain a decaying-dark-matter origin for the 1–100 GeV Galactic positron anomaly measured with PAMELA. Inverse Compton scattering of the microwave background by the emergent positrons produces a bump in the diffuse 100–200 MeV γ-ray background that would protrude from the observed background at these energies. The positrons are thus constrained to emerge from the decay process at a typical energy between ∼100 GeV and ∼250 GeV. By considering only γ-ray emission of the excess positrons and electrons, we derive a minimum diffuse γ-ray flux that, apart from the positron spectrum assumed, is independent of the actual decay modes. Any γ-rays produced directly by the dark-matter decay leads to an additional signal that makes the observational limits more severe. A similar constraint on the energy of emergent positrons from annihilation in dark-matter substructures is argued to exist, according to recent estimates of enhancement in low-mass dark-matter substructures, and improved simulations of such substructure will further sharpen this constraint.
A new paradigm for E × B velocity shear suppression of gyro-kinetic turbulence and the momentum pinch

Detailed studies of the non-linear radial wavenumber spectrum of electric potential fluctuations in gyro-kinetic plasma turbulence simulations have led to a new paradigm that is capable of computing the momentum pinch quasilinearly. It is found that shear in the E × B velocity Doppler shift suppresses turbulence by inducing a shift in the peak of the radial wavenumber spectrum, and a reduction in the amplitude. An analytic model of the process is used to understand the roles of the sheared velocity and the non-linear mode coupling. The analytic model leads to a simple formula that fits the non-linear spectrum and only depends on the spectral average shift in the radial wavenumber. This ‘spectral shift’ model is a new paradigm that radial parity breaking is the fundamental mechanism that suppresses the turbulence through a radial wavenumber shift. The E × B velocity shear is one of a number of radial parity breaking mechanisms. Using a model of the spectral shift the toroidal Reynolds stress due to the E × B velocity shear can be computed for the first time with a quasilinear model. It is shown that, when diamagnetic and neoclassical contributions to the parallel flows are included, the E × B velocity shear term in the toroidal Reynolds stress allows the sign of the intrinsic toroidal rotation to change. Simulations of the co-current and balanced neutral beam injection phase of a DIII-D discharge using the quasilinear model show good agreement with experiment.
Spatial search via non-linear quantum walk

One approach to the development of quantum search algorithms is the quantum walk. A spatial search can be effected by the continuous-time evolution of a single quantum particle on a lattice or graph containing a marked site. In most conceivable physical applications, however, one would rather expect to have multiple interacting particles. In bosonic systems at zero temperature, the dynamics would be well-described by a discrete non-linear Schrödinger equation. In this thesis we investigate the role of non-linearity in determining the efficiency of the spatial search algorithm within the quantum walk model, for the complete graph. Our analytical results indicate that the search time for this non-linear quantum search scales with size of the database N like √ N , equivalent to linear spatial search time. The analytical results will be compared with numerical calculations of multiple interacting quantum walkers.
2 4 O ct 2 01 4 Three WASP-South transiting exoplanets : WASP-74 b , WASP-83 b & WASP-89 b

We report the discovery of three new transiting hot Jupiters by WASP-South together with the TRAPPIST photometer and the Euler/CORALIE spectrograph. WASP-74b orbits a star of V = 9.7, making it one of the brighter systems accessible to Southern telescopes. It is a 0.95 MJup planet with a moderately bloated radius of 1.5 RJup in a 2-d orbit around a slightly evolved F9 star. WASP-83b is a Saturn-mass planet at 0.3 MJup with a radius of 1.0 RJup. It is in a 5-d orbit around a fainter (V = 12.9) G8 star. WASP-89b is a 6 MJup planet in a 3-d orbit with an eccentricity of e = 0.2. It is thus similar to massive, eccentric planets such as XO-3b and HAT-P-2b, except that those planets orbit F stars whereas WASP-89 is a K star. The V = 13.1 host star is magnetically active, showing a rotation period of 20.2 d, while star spots are visible in the transits. There are indications that the planet’s orbit is aligned with the stellar spin. WASP-89 is a good target for an extensive study of transits of star spots. Subject headings: planetary systems — stars: individual (WASP-74, WASP-83, WASP-89)
Fast, Accurate, and Realizable Two-Qubit Entangling Gates by Quantum Interference in Detuned Rabi Cycles of Rydberg Atoms

High-fidelity entangling quantum gates based on Rydberg interactions are required for scalable quantum computing with neutral atoms. Their realization, however, meets a major stumbling block -- the motion-induced dephasing of the transition between the ground and Rydberg states. By using quantum interference between different detuned Rabi oscillations, we propose a practical scheme to realize a class of accurate entangling Rydberg quantum gates subject to a minimal dephasing error. We show two types of such gates, $U_{1}$ and $U_{2}$, in the form of $\text{diag}\{1, e^{i\alpha}, e^{i\gamma}, e^{i\beta}\}$, where $\alpha, \gamma$, and $\beta$ are determined by the parameters of lasers and the Rydberg blockade $V$. $U_{1}$ is realized by sending to the two qubits a single off-resonant laser pulse, while $U_{2}$ is realized by individually applying one pulse of detuned laser to each qubit. Our method has several advantages. First, the gates are accurate because the fidelity of $U_k$ is limited only by a rotation error below $10^{-5}$ and the Rydberg-state decay. Decay error on the order of $10^{-5}$ can be easily obtained because all transitions are detuned, resulting in small population in Rydberg state. Second, the motion-induced dephasing is minimized because there is no gap time in which a population is left in the Rydberg shelving states of either qubit. Third, the gate is resilient to the variation of $V$. This is because among the three phases $\alpha,\gamma$, and $\beta$, only the last has a (partial) dependence on $V$. Fourth, the Rabi frequency and $V$ in our scheme are of similar magnitude, which permits a fast implementation of the gate when both of them are of the feasible magnitude of several megahertz. The rapidity, accuracy, and feasibility of this interference method can lay the foundation for entangling gates in universal quantum computing with neutral atoms.