Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature rises in the human eye exposed to EM waves in the frequency range 0.6-6 GHz

The temperature rises in the human eye for plane wave exposures are investigated in the frequency range between 600 MHz and 6 GHz, which covers the hot spot frequency range. As a first step, the specific absorption rates (SARs) are calculated with the use of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the mechanism of hot-spot formation is discussed. Then the temperature rises in the human eye are calculated by using Pennes' bioheat equation. In addition, the dependence of SARs and temperature rises on the electromagnetic (EM) wave polarization and the eye dimension is discussed. Furthermore, the temperature rises calculated are compared with the values found in the literature pertaining to microwave-induced cataract formation. Numerical results show that hot spots appear in a certain frequency range and that the location and number of hot spots depend on the frequencies of the incident wave. In particular, the averaged SARs and the temperature rise are found to depend obviously on the polarization of the EM wave. Additionally, the deviations in the SAR and the temperature rise caused by the eye size are found to be within 10%. Furthermore, the maximum temperature rise due to the incident EM power density of 5.0 mW/cm/sup 2/, which is the maximum permissible exposure limit for controlled environments, is found to be 0.30/spl deg/C at 6.0 GHz. This value is small but not negligible, as compared with the threshold temperature rise 3.0/spl deg/C for cataract formation.
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY

Introduced by Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy (CA) and co-sponsored by Science Committee Chairman Lamar Smith (TX) and Representatives Steven Palazzo (MS), Frank Lucas (OK), Dana Rohrabacher (CA), Michael McCaul (TX), Bill Posey (FL), Stephen Knight (CA), Brian Babin (TX), Randy Hultgren (IL), Jim Bridenstine (OK), Randy Weber (TX), John Moolenaar (MI). Senate ANS sponsored by Sen. Cruz, Sen. Nelson, Sen. Rubio, Sen. Peters, Sen. Gardner, and Sen. Murray. H.R. 2262 passed the House on May 21, 2015, by a vote of 284 to 133. The ANS passed the Senate on November 10, 2015, by unanimous consent.
Development of Specialized Basis Functions and Efficient Substrate Integration Techniques for Electromagnetic Analysis of Interconnect and RF Inductors

The performance of several mixed-signal and RF-analog platforms depends on substrate effects that need to be represented in the library model with critical field solver accuracy. For instance, substrate-induced currents in RF inductors can severely affect quality and hence RF filter selectivity. We have developed an ef ficient approach to full-wave impedance extraction that accounts for substrate effects through the use of two-layer media Green’s functions in a mixed-potential-integral-equation (MPIE) solver. In particular, we have developed accelerated techniques for both volume and surface integrations in the solver. In this work, we have also introduced a technique for the numerical generation of high-order basis functions that can parameterize the frequency-variant nature of cross-sectional conductor current distributions. Hence skin and proximity effects can be captured utilizing fewer high-order basis functions in comparison to the prevalently used piecewise-constant basis functions. One important characteristic of these basis functions is that they need to be pre-computed only once per unique conductor cross-sectional geometry, and then stored off-line with a minimal associated cost. In addition, the robustness of these frequency-independent basis functions is enforced using an optimization routine. We have shown in [2] that the cost of solving a complex interconnect system using our new basis functions can be reduced by a factor of 170 when compared to the use of piecewise-constant basis functions over a wide range of operating frequencies. Furthermore our volume and surface integration routines improve efficiency by an additional factor of 9.8 [1]. Our solver accuracy is validated against measurements taken on fabricated devices.
A novel control circuit model for designing a current-mode controlled forward converter

Current-mode controlled (CMC) converters, which have a wide band with a sufficient phase margin and an excellent conducted susceptibility, are becoming widely used in power supplies. We propose a novel control circuit model for a CMC forward converter. This control circuit model is derived from the small-signal model, which incorporates a magnetizing current of a transformer and voltage drops of secondary rectifier diodes. By employing this control circuit model, circuit parameters can be easily designed without making trial-and-error experiments. The stability condition of the CMC forward converter is analyzed and the control characteristics, such as voltage-open loop characteristics, are calculated by making use of the proposed control circuit model. The validity of this control circuit model is confirmed by an experimental result.
Cretan Institutional Inscriptions: A New EpiDoc Database

The paper presents the database Cretan Institutional Inscriptions, which was created as part of a PhD research project carried out at the University of Venice Ca’ Foscari. The database, built using the EpiDoc Front-End Services (EFES) platform, collects the EpiDoc editions of six hundred inscriptions that shed light on the institutions of the political entities of Crete from the seventh to the first century BCE. The aim of the paper is to outline the main issues addressed during the creation of the database and the encoding of the inscriptions and to illustrate the core features of the database, with an emphasis on the advantages deriving from the combined use of the TEI-EpiDoc standard and of the EFES platform.
Pressure recovery in a turbocharger compressor volute

Abstract The diffusion and pressure recovery in a centrifugal compressor stage is normally accomplished in the diffuser (vaned or vaneless) downstream of the impeller and, at the design flowrate, the volute is designed to collect the gas flow without further diffusion. It is, however, well established that at high flowrates the gas accelerates around the volute and as a consequence the pressure decreases, while at flowrates less than that at design the gas decelerates and a pressure rise occurs. There is little published material with respect to the detailed design of volutes, and the procedure is largely one of experience based on previous designs and tests. This investigation describes the performance of the volute with both a vaneless diffuser and a series of low solidity vaned diffusers upstream. It is shown that the volute provides a significant pressure rise at the best efficiency point and at flowrates down to full surge. It is shown that the volute performance is a function of inlet flow angle and that it plays a significant role in setting both the best efficiency flowrate and the operating range of the compressor.
An integrated CMOS distributed amplifier utilizing packaging inductance

An integrated CMOS distributed amplifier is presented. The required inductance needed for the distributed waveguide structure is realized by the parasitic packaging inductance of a plastic surface-mount package. A fully packaged three-stage distributed amplifier fabricated in a 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS process is presented. The distributed amplifier has a unity gain cutoff frequency of 4.7 GHz, a gain of 5 dB, with a gain flatness of /spl plusmn/1.2 dB over the 300-kHz to 3-GHz band. At a frequency of 2 GHz the amplifier has an input referred third-order intercept point of +15 dBm and an input referred 1-dB compression point of +7 dBm. The amplifier consumes 18 mA from a 3.0-V supply. The distributed amplifier is matched to 50 /spl Omega/ at the input and output and has a maximum input voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.7:1, and a maximum output VSWR of 1.3:1 over the 300 kHz to 3 GHz band. The amplifier has a noise figure of 5.1 dB at 2 GHz.
A motion control of flexible joint based on velocity estimation

The authors propose a novel control method based on two observers to suppress the vibration of a flexible joint, even under fast motion. One observer is a disturbance observer and is used for the realization of an acceleration controller of the motor axis. The other observer estimates the link velocity and is effective for the suppression of torsional vibration. The disturbance observer estimates the total sum of the disturbance torques which are imposed on the motor axis. Feedback compensation by this estimated disturbance torque increases the servo stiffness and the robustness of the motor portion. The feedback of the estimated link velocity totally suppresses the torsional vibration of the flexible joint even under fast motion. The proposed control was implemented in a 16-b microprocessor with a digital signal processor for a laboratory test. <<ETX>>
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF STEPPED AEROFOIL USING PROPELLER TEST RIG

Studies have confirmed that trapped vortices on corrugated airfoils modify the effective wing shape, resulting in an increase in lift. The intense system of vortices trapped in the cavity forces the flow to reattach, thus preventing separation. The vortices thereby change the lift, drag and pitching moments depending on whether the step is introduced on the upper or lower edge of the airfoil. The paper focuses on carrying out performance test on stepped (Kline Fogleman) airfoils using the propeller test rig. Stepped airfoils have single or multiple steps along the length of the wing. The trapped vortex cavity is being used by stepped airfoil which enhances the flow field characteristics An airfoil of the NACA series was chosen for which a step was introduced at 50% of the airfoil thickness at mid chord position half way along its length. These airfoils are then used for the fabrication of propeller blades. They are then tested for various speeds and blade angles using the propeller test rig. With the increase in lift, the efficiency of the propeller is also increased. The results are compared and studied with the convectional airfoils. Future scope of the work will also be discussed.
Impact of a Partial Solid Solution and Water Molecules on the Formation of Fibrous Crystals and Fluid Inclusions

Resolution of (±)ibuprofen using S-α-Methylbenzylamine in pure ethanol leads to the enriched S-IBU/S-αMBA diastereomeric salt which crystallizes as very fine needles. In order to improve the filterability and processability of the solid phase, water can be added to the medium and lead to more equant particles that are still elongated. A high fraction of the resulting platelets display on both ends a fluid inclusion containing both liquid and a large bubble of gas. A detailed analysis of the particles reveals that they are not really single crystals but more an ordered association of fibers defined as fibrous crystal. A domain of partial solid solution is evidenced near the pure less soluble diastereomer and its impact on the formation of fibrous crystals is demonstrated. When pure S-IBU/S-αMBA diastereomeric salt is recrystallized in the same medium (e.g., ethanol–water) the crystallinity is improved, but fluid inclusions can still be observed.
Reliability and maintainability of scraper conveyor used in coal mining in the Jiu Valley

Purpose. The aim of the study is to determine and analyse causes of faults in the operation of TR-7A scraper conveyor and to estimate the required time for their remediation and select the methods of their prevention and elimination. Methods. The characteristic of a system, such as the scraper conveyor, intended to fulfil its specified function in time and operation conditions, can be studied, theoretically, by determining its operational reliability. This implies the existence of a framework that incorporates several interconnected components of technical, operational, commercial and management na-ture. The quantitative expression of reliability was based on elements of mathematical probability theory and statistics (expo-nential distribution law), failure and repair mechanism not being subject to certain laws. Findings. The following TR-7A subassemblies, if defective, could have been the cause of a failure: chains, hydraulic cou-plings, chain lifters, drive, return drums, some electrical equipment. After 28 months of monitoring the TR-7A operation, we have established the number of failures (defects) n i , the operating time between failures t i , frequency of failures f c , time to repair t ri , weight repair time p r , mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time to repair (MTR). Originality. Data collection and processing involves the adoption of specific procedures to allow the correct highlighting of the causes and frequency of failures. The accomplishment of this approach allowed finding the solutions for increasing reliability of some subassemblies of TR-7A conveyor (i.e., those subjected to abrasive wear). Practical implications. One solution was to use materials with compositional and functional gradient in the case of worn surfaces of some subassemblies. It was successfully applied for the chain lifters where a significant increase in the mean time between failures was obtained. The field of application of these materials can be extended to the metal subassemblies of machines and equipment with abrasion wear that occurs both in underground mines and in quarries.
Electro-Optical Diagnostics at KARA and FLUTE – Results and Prospects

Electro-optical (EO) methods are nowadays well-proven diagnostic tools, which are utilized to detect THz fields in countless experiments. The world’s first near-field EO sampling monitor at an electron storage ring was developed and installed at the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator) and optimized to detect longitudinal bunch profiles. This experiment with other diagnostic techniques builds a distributed, synchronized sensor network to gain comprehensive data about the phase-space of electron bunches as well as the produced coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). These measurements facilitate studies of physical conditions to provide, at the end, intense and stable CSR in the THz range. At KIT, we also operate FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac- und Test-Experiment), a new compact versatile linear accelerator as a test facility for novel techniques and diagnostics. There, EO diagnostics will be implemented to open up possibilities to evaluate and compare new techniques for longitudinal bunch diagnostics. In this contribution, we will give an overview of results achieved, the current status of the EO diagnostic setups at KARA and FLUTE and discuss future prospects.
Wavelet transformation of mode shape difference function for structural damage location identification

In this paper, a new approach to structural damage detection is presented using mode shape difference between the reference and damage states. In order to capture and display the signal of damage, wavelet transformation is performed upon the mode shape difference function. Results show that this presentation of signal is effective for damage detection. Furthermore, practical aspects of damage identification are investigated, including understanding and using the frequency contents of the mode shape difference function, the mother wavelet function and the resulting wavelet coefficients due to the band‐limited filtering of wavelet transformation. This proposition is experimented. Results are assertive of the proposed concept. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MPPT Control of Photovoltaic Systems Using Statechart With Abstraction and Its Comparison With Fuzzy Logic

Maximum power point tracking(MPPT) control is an indispensable aspect of photovoltaic(PV) systems. Many MPPT techniques including a few based on soft-computing have been employed earlier. The soft-computing techniques include fuzzy-FSMs (Finite State Machines)which are integration of fuzzy logic (FL) into states or transitions of FSMs which are used for control and modeling of real-time systems. However, FSMs pose certain disadvantages as compared to its advanced variant called ‘statecharts’. In this work, statecharts with abstraction layers are proposed for MPPT control of PV system. An abstract-statechart MPPT(ASM) controller is developed and is verified with PV system using co-simulation. A C++ based FL MPPT program is also developed, which is independent of any predefined and simulation-only functions. A conceptual estimation of execution time of such a FL MPPT program is presented and compared with the execution times delivered by proposed ASM controller. It can be observed that the ASM controller gives accurate, fast tracking speeds, along with the advantage of abstraction.
Investigating the relationship between the business performance management framework and the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award framework.

The business performance management (BPM) framework helps an organization continuously adjust and successfully execute its strategies. BPM helps increase flexibility by providing managers with an early alert about changes and, as a result, allows faster response to such changes. The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) framework provides a basis for self-assessment and a systems perspective for managing an organization's key processes for achieving business results. The MBNQA framework is a more comprehensive framework and encapsulates the underlying constructs in the BPM framework. The objectives of this dissertation are fourfold: (1) to validate the underlying relationships presented in the 2008 MBNQA framework, (2) to explore the MBNQA framework at the dimension level, and develop and test constructs measured at that level in a causal model, (3) to validate and create a common general framework for the business performance model by integrating the practitioner literature with basic theory including existing MBNQA theory, and (4) to integrate the BPM framework and the MBNQA framework into a new framework (BPM-MBNQA framework) that can guide organizations in their journey toward achieving and sustaining competitive and strategic advantages. The purpose of this study is to achieve these objectives by means of a combination of methodologies including literature reviews, expert opinions, interviews, presentation feedbacks, content analysis, and latent semantic analysis. An initial BPM framework was developed based on the reviews of literature and expert opinions. There is a paucity of academic research on business performance management. Therefore, this study reviewed the practitioner literature on BPM and from the numerous organization-specific BPM models developed a generic, conceptual BPM framework. With the intent of obtaining valuable feedback, this initial BPM framework was presented to Baldrige Award recipients (BARs) and selected academicians from across the United States who participated in the Fall Summit 2007 held at Caterpillar Financial Headquarter in Nashville, TN on October 1 and 2, 2007. Incorporating the feedback from that group allowed refining and improving the proposed BPM framework. This study developed a variant of the traditional latent semantic analysis (LSA) called causal latent semantic analysis (cLSA) that enables us to test causal models using textual data. This method was used to validate the 2008 MBNQA framework based on article abstracts on the Baldrige Award and program published in both practitioner and academic journals from 1987 to 2009. The cLSA was also used to validate the BPM framework using the full body text data from all articles published in the practitioner journal entitled the Business Performance Management Magazine since its inception in 2003. The results provide the first cLSA study of these frameworks. This is also the first study to examine all the causal relationships within the MBNQA and BPM frameworks.
Accuracy of Flowmeters Measuring Horizontal Flow in Fractured‐Rock Simulators

Laboratory evaluations of flowmeter response to flow in fractured‐rock simulators are needed to improve understanding of data collected in field settings. The ability of flowmeters to accurately measure the velocity and direction of water flowing between parallel plates was used as a surrogate for instrument response in fractured‐rock aquifers. A colloidal borescope flowmeter and a heat‐pulse flowmeter were deployed in a fractured rock simulator with 4‐inch and 6‐inch inner‐diameter, uncased wells with 0.39‐ and 1.0‐inch fracture apertures and groundwater velocities from 35 to 975 ft/d. The colloidal borescope measurements and applied velocities were positively correlated in all wells and apertures (the coefficient of determination [r2] = 0.61–0.89) and most accurately measured direction at higher velocities. The mean directional error in colloidal borescope measurements was less than 17° in 6‐inch wells and 31° in the 4‐inch wells at velocities between 92 and 958 ft/d. Heat‐pulse flowmeter measurements were 0.001 to 0.004 times less than applied rates and may indicate that water was moving around rather than through the instrument's integrated packer. The mean directional error of heat‐pulse flowmeter measurements were about 18 and 42° in the 0.39‐ and 1.0‐inch fractures, respectively, for groundwater velocities within the manufacturer's suggested range of application (0.5–100 ft/d). Measurements made at vertical increments and fracture positions in the well using the colloidal borescope indicate that laminar flow occurs within the central 50% of the fracture but measurements above or below are likely affected by eddy currents.
Effect of weld shape imperfections on the structural hot-spot stress distribution

This paper presents a probabilistic study of the effect of the weld shape imperfections on the structural hot-spot stress distribution along the weld toe using the Monte Carlo simulation and the finite element analysis method. A structural detail consisting of a plate strip with a transverse butt-welded joint and a tapered thickness step is used as a case study. The weld shape is modelled based on the weld profile parameters defined as random variables allowing the simulation of typical imperfections as a function of the imperfection level of welding. The analysis uses a linear finite element model built with the second-order solid elements. A finite element analysis program is used to calculate the stress distribution on the vicinity of the weld toe and a standard extrapolation procedure is used to obtain the structural hot-spot stresses. Different weld shape imperfections are generated and their effect on the hot-spot stresses is calculated afterwards. The notch effect of weld toe is not included in the analysis.
Simulation and control of denitrification biofilters described by PDEs Simulation et commande d'un biofiltre de dénitrification décrit par des EDP

This thesis addresses the simulation and control of a denitrification biofilter. Parabolic and hyperbolic PDE models may be considered, which depends on the fact of considering or neglecting the diffusion phenomenon. In plus of the classical methods of lines, approaches specific to the type of PDE system are evaluated to simulate the biofilter. The method of characteristics applies to hyperbolic PDE systems. The modal analysis used on the parabolic PDE system allows manipulating a reduced order model. The control objective is then the reduction of the nitrogen concentration at the output of the reactor below some pre-specified upper limit, in spite of the external disturbances and uncertainties of the model. Two control strategies are considered. An early lumping approach is used to synthesize an observer-based H2 output feedback linear controller. A late lumping approach associates a linearizing control to a distributed parameter observer.