Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Camel Milk Quality and Bacterial Contamination along Market Chain in Wajir and Garissa Counties of Kenya

This study endeavoured to establish the physical characteristics and bacterial contamination of camel milk along market chain in North-Eastern Province of Kenya. The objective of the study was to identify various points of milk contamination with a view of developing intervention strategies that can improve milk quality leading to improved productivity for pastoralists in the region. The investigation was done on various marketed camel milk samples collected from two counties: Garissa and Wajir. This was considered important because milk is a very nutritious substance that readily supports growth of microorganisms; which is more encouraged when the conditions are hot. Parameters used to assess the physical characteristics included organoleptic tests, measurement of specific gravity, determination of pH, and alcohol test. Bacteriological parameters included: Total coliform count, Total viable bacterial count, and Resazurin test. The study showed that.289 samples [75.26%] had gross dirt/particulate matter including grass/leaves, sand/soil particles and/or black charcoal particle. Thirty four [34] samples [8.85%] had an abnormal yellowish colour. Formation of flakes in the Alcohol test was recorded in 128 samples [33.33%] indicating they were either acidic, mastitic or colostrum milk. This explains the high values of more than 107 cfu/ml of TCC and TVBC observed in most of the samples [80%] in the present study. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was identified from one of the samples that were serotyped with Escherichia coli antisera O157 and H7. This organism can cause severe disease in humans. Other bacterial microorganisms isolated from the milk samples alongside the coliforms included: Staphylococcus species [90.10% = 346 samples], Streptococcus species [84.90% = 326 samples] and Bacillus species [45.83% = 176 samples]. Of the 346 Staphylococcus species isolated, 91 [23.70%] were coagulase-positiveThis could have been due to inadequate washing of milk containers and poor personal hygiene of the milkers, as a result of there being inaccessibility of soap and insufficient clean water, as reported in another study. Such contaminated milk spoils easily and is a prelude to both clinical and subclinical, which results in reduced milk production; both causing economic loss to the farmer.This information is expected to be of benefit to policy-makers in their efforts towards improving milk quality and safety.
The random deterioration rate model with measurement error based on the inverse Gaussian distribution

Abstract. In this paper, we introduce the random deterioration rate model with measurement error in order to incorporate the variability among different components. The motivation behind the random variable model is to capture the randomness in the individual differences across the population. This model incorporates only sample uncertainty of the degradation, and no temporal variability is included. The measurement error models appear to overcome this problem. The random rate analysis is based on repeated measurements of failure sizes generated by a degradation process over time in a components population. Some characteristics of the random deterioration rate model based on the inverse Gaussian distribution and subject to measurement error, are examined. We carry out simulation studies to (i) assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimates obtained through the Gaussian quadrature along with Quasi-Newton optimization method; and (ii) examine the effects of model misspecification on the model selection criteria’s performance, as well as on the lifetime prediction’s accuracy and precision. The potentiality of the proposed model is illustrated through two real data sets.
A Secure QR Code System for Sharing Personal Confidential Information

Securing and hiding personal confidential information has become a challenge in these modern days. Due to the lack of security and confidentiality, forgery of confidential information can cause a big margin loss to a person. Personal confidential information needs to be securely shared and hidden with the expected recipient and he should be able to verify the information by checking its authenticity. QR codes are being used increasingly to share data for different purposes. In information communication, QR code is important because of its high data capacity. However, most existing QR code systems use insecure data format and encryption is rarely used. A user can use Secure QR Code (SQRC) technology to keep information secured and hidden. In this paper, we propose a novel SQRC system which will allow sharing authentic personal confidential information by means of QR code verification using RSA digital signature algorithm and also allow authorizing the information by means of QR code validation using RSA public key cryptographic algorithm. We implemented the proposed SQRC system and showed that the system is effective for sharing personal confidential information securely.
System-on-Chip Implementation of Situational Awareness System for Autonomous Cars

With the recent advancement in technologies, autonomous cars have become a buzzing research field. Situational awareness is one of the features, on which the efficiency of autonomous cars depends. Existing approaches have encountered computational complexity, difficulty in weaving the sensor data together for attaining fully autonomous feature and also have found them to be power expensive. The proposed framework has adopted a System-On-Chip (SoC) implementation and targeted on the data fusion approach as well as power reduction. PYNQ Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board has been chosen for the SoC implementation. The obtained results show that the proper distribution of tasks on the SoC lets to attain lesser complexity and better power consumption. The developed design consumes 1.56W power at a clock frequency of 100 MHz.
Pulmonary Function Test: Spirometry

Spirometry is a useful tool in assessing the physiological lung function of a patient, and can be helpful in differentiating the etiology of the patient's symptoms. Indications for the test and the actual procedure are as described. Validity of a spirometry depends on patient co-operation and criteria for acceptability and repeatability must be met for useful interpretation of the results. Commonly measured parameters are described and a simple logarithm for interpretation of a spirometry result is given. Physicians must be mindful when interpreting the result in the context of extreme of ages, size or differing ethnicity as reference values for these groups of individuals are often extrapolated and not validated.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Interferon Beta-1a

Hematological problems are commonly associated with the use of beta interferon (INF) such as leukopenia and anemia, which are usually benign and reversible when the drug is stop. We described a case of of a 29 years old patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia who had received INF beta-1a in the recent past for relapsing multiple sclerosis. J Med Cases. 2016;7(10):448-450 doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.14740/jmc2622w
THE LANGUAGE LEARNING OF SAMOANS AND TONGANS IN HAWAU

This paper examines group differences in second language development from perspectives provided by the literature on orality and literacy. Findings are presented from an empirical study that investigates two hypotheses: (1) that university ESL students from traditional oral cultures, in this case Tongans and Samoans, tend to focus significantly more on interpersonal involvement in their ESL speaking and writing than do students from more literate cultural traditions, and (2) that in comparison with learners from more literate cultures in Asia, the learners from oral traditions tend to use difficult structures more frequently and correctly in the spoken modality than in the written. In support of both hypotheses the data indicate significant group differences in the patterning of interlanguage task variability. In conclusion, a model of discourse variability is proposed which takes into account speech modality, degree of planning, and level of interpersonal involvement. The present study focuses on the learning of English in Hawaii by students from two Pacific Island cultures, Samoan and Tongan, both characterised by rich oral traditions. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks provided by the literature on orality and literacy, the subjects will be compared with three Asian groups whose literate traditions differ sharply from the Polynesians. Using English speech and writing saqlples, comparisons will be made of two aspects of second-language discourse: interpersonal involvement and
Mitigation of Grid Power Fluctuations using super capacitor in distributed generation System

Abstract— The accurate operation of Distributed generation system to grid involves storage devices that enhance the inertia and avoid instability of the system. A fault ride through, power supervision and control technique for grid integrated Renewable distributed generation with Super capacitor energy storage system (SCESS). This paper presents the control of energy storage system (ESS). During customary operation the SCESS will be used to minimize small duration fluctuation as it has high power density and during fault at the grid side it used to store generated power from Renewable sources for later use and fault ride through based on super capacitors in context of grid-connected DGS grids. To capture the at most amount of available solar power, and wind power. Incremental Conductance (IC) method is used for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). An independent P-Q control was implemented to transfer the generated power to the grid using a Voltage source inverter (VSI). The ESS was composed of ac/dc and dc/dc converters tied by a dc link. A single sliding mode strategy was proposed to control a bidirectional dc/dc converter, capable of working preferably under all operating conditions. The switching devices were instructed by a single sliding function, dynamically shaped by references sent from the grid Side central controller. The buck converter for MPPT, buck-boost converter to connect the SCESS to the DC link. The simulation Results were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed Scheme improved the performance of the systems.
MLM-BASED LEARNING AND BOOSTING MODEL – PART 1: MULTI-SOURCES/RIGHTS OF DIGITAL RESOURCES TO BUILD UNIVERSAL KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORIES USING AN ENRICHED SEMANTIC MICRO METADATA HARVESTER ENGINE AND SEMANTIC SHARED KNOWLEDGE NOTICE

The wide proliferation of various wireless communication systems and devices has led to the arrival of a massive amount of Digital Resources (DR) from multi-sources, various metadata and media. However, data integration has allowed the ability to provide to users a uniform interface for multiple heterogonous data sources, metadata and users. Hence, the problem of matching which contents or DR belong to a specific user interest that demands more attention. In this article, we proposed a different model named: Learning & Boosting Architecture Model (LBAM). LBAM has goals to identify evolving interests of a person and to potentially propose a personal agenda, channels and activities. The first process is based on the creation of a hub of multiple sources of Micro Metadata (MM) using a Semantic Enriched MM Harvestor, a Watch & Notify Engine and a Semantic Shared Knowledge Notice (SSKN). They are harvested through a process able to catalogue the rights, interests and novelties in a scorm notice. It uses Machine Learning Models to improve the auto cataloguing of the DRs. It includes a Semantic Learning Watch and Notify engine using SSKN that allows ways to find DR or Event novelties of DR according to the evolving user interests. Using simulation studies and prototypes, we demonstrate that LBAM slightly improves accuracy in harvesting treatment from Entity Resolution and Linked Data compared to existing models using SSKN. We also demonstrate the integration of MM rights in a notice compared to other existing architectures. This article is the first paper of multiple for the LBAM project.
Using ISSR Genomic Fingerprinting to Study the Genetic Differentiation of Artemia Leach, 1819 (Crustacea: Anostraca) from Iran and Neighbor Regions with the Focus on the Invasive American Artemia franciscana

Due to the rapid developments in the aquaculture industry, Artemia franciscana, originally an American species, has been introduced to Eurasia, Africa and Australia. In the present study, we used a partial sequence of the mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (mt-DNA COI) gene and genomic fingerprinting by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) to determine the genetic variability and population structure of Artemia populations (indigenous and introduced) from 14 different geographical locations in Western Asia. Based on the haplotype spanning network, Artemia urmiana has exhibited higher genetic variation than native parthenogenetic populations. Although A. urmiana represented a completely private haplotype distribution, no apparent genetic structure was recognized among the native parthenogenetic and invasive A. franciscana populations. Our ISSR findings have documented that despite that invasive populations have lower variation than the source population in Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA), they have significantly revealed higher genetic variability compared to the native populations in Western Asia. According to the ISSR results, the native populations were not fully differentiated by the PCoA analysis, but the exotic A. franciscana populations were geographically divided into four genetic groups. We believe that during the colonization, invasive populations have experienced substantial genetic divergences, under new ecological conditions in the non-indigenous regions.
Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP 2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores

(2,670 m at GRIP), it is not possible to determine the duration of anomalous features thinner than 20 m. In both cores, some of the features near the marine isotope stage 5e/ 6 boundary4.H that are thinner than 5 m may contain ice that is out of chronological sequence. These findings raise concerns about the interpretation of previously reported climate variations during the Eemian period (marine isotope sub-stage 5e, 2,790-2,870 m at GRIP)4,8. At present we are unable to say which, if either, core contains a more complete climate record. Detailed consideration of the records may be able to determine the extent of deformation. For example, the several-century age difference (a few tenths of a metre at these depths) between the ice and the gas it contains,36 will result in abruptly changing chemical and gas features being preserved in ice that has different flow properties. Deviations from the anticipated offset between the records of ice chemistry and rapidly responding gases such as methane, may permit identification of features in the records that are introduced by ice flow. Detailed analysis of the crystal fabric, dust layers and chemistry may also be able to identify folded sequences. The upper 90% of the records are unaffected by ice flow and preserve a climate record with annual resolution. By detailed analysis of both cores, we anticipate that it will be possible to unravel many of the complexities that ice flow has introduced in the marine isotope stage 5e portion of the records. Deep Antarctic cores, where the marine isotope stage 5e portion occurs further from the bedrock, will also help resolve these issues. 0
The Roles, Functions and Effectiveness of Treating Doctors in the Management of Occupational Injury: Perceptions of Key Stakeholders

Key stakeholders' perceptions of the role of the treating doctor, including treating doctors themselves, in the management of workplace injury and in occupational rehabilitation of injured workers was assessed via in-depth semi-structured interviews of doctors and via interviews and surveys of other stakeholders (injured workers, employers, rehabilitation co-ordinators, rehabilitation providers and insurers) in the post-injury period. A number of difficulties were identified by both doctors themselves and by other stakeholders in the treating doctors' management of compensable work injury clients. It was argued that these problems were a function of the conflict of interest that arises for various service providers within the current workers' compensation system and the polarised and adversarial nature of relationships between providers. The discussion of the underlying structural and policy problems inherent in the current workers' compensation system at various levels of practice which this study has highlighted provides a first step in attempts to resolve these difficulties in individual practitioner-client relationships.
Pre-service science teachers, gender, and self-efficacy beliefs about school climate in Nigeria

Teachers are the implementers of the curriculum goals of all subjects in schools. No matter how good the curriculum goals are, the success depends largely on the teachers whose beliefs about the school climate can affect their performance. This study finds out the differences between male and female pre-service science teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about their schools’ climate in each of the 7 subscales in the Bandura Teacher’s self-efficacy scale. A total of 100 pre-service teachers (39 males and 61 females) were used for the study. The instrument used was the standardized version of Bandura Teacher’s self-efficacy scale containing a total of 30 items in 7-subscales on a 4-points scale. The quantitative data generated with the instrument were analysed using t-test on SPSS stat. Results showed that although there were differences between male and female preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about their school climate in all of the 7 subscales; no significant difference was found between the male and female’ pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs in 6 of the subscales. But there was a significant difference between males and female pre-service science teachers’ selfefficacy beliefs in creating a positive school climate in favour of the males. The males generally had higher means and positive self-efficacy beliefs in 6 of the subscales. It was interesting to note that although the males had a higher mean than the females in their self-efficacy belief about decision making in the school, however both the males and females had low means and lacked positive self-efficacy to make decisions in their schools. Recommendations were made on how to improve self-efficacy beliefs of male and female teachers about their school climate in areas where they had negative self-efficacy.
Comparative Evaluation of Space Vector Based PWM Techniques in terms of Switching Losses

Space vector based bus-clamping pulse width modulation (BCPWM) and advanced BCPWM (ABCPWM) schemes are well known for reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) in line current and switching losses in a two-level inverter. In case of the three-level neutral-point-clamped (3LNPC) inverter, these PWM methods are extensively studied in terms of line current distortions. This paper analyses the space vector based BCPWM and ABCPWM schemes employed in the 3LNPC inverter in terms of inverter switching loss, and compares it with the centered space vector PWM technique. Unlike the two-level inverter, the inverter switching loss due to the PWM schemes varies with change in modulation indices. The effect of the load power factor and modulation index over its full range on switching loss is analytically evaluated and the detailed results are presented.
Distributed Dynamic Resource Management and Pricing in the IoT Systems With Blockchain-as-a-Service and UAV-Enabled Mobile Edge Computing

In this article, we study the pricing and resource management in the Internet of Things (IoT) system with blockchain-as-a-service (BaaS) and mobile-edge computing (MEC). The BaaS model includes the cloud-based server to perform blockchain tasks and the set of peers to collect data from local IoT devices. The MEC model consists of the set of terrestrial and aerial base stations (BSs), i.e., unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), to forward the tasks of peers to the BaaS server. Each BS is also equipped with an MEC server to run some blockchain tasks. As the BSs can be privately owned or controlled by different operators, there is no information exchange among them. We show that the resource management and pricing in the BaaS-MEC system are modeled as a stochastic Stackelberg game with multiple leaders and incomplete information about actions of leaders/BSs and followers/peers. We formulate a novel hierarchical reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm for the decision makings of BSs and peers. We also develop an unsupervised hierarchical deep learning (HDL) algorithm that combines deep $Q$ -learning (DQL) for BSs with the Bayesian deep learning (BDL) for peers. We prove that the proposed algorithms converge to stable states in which the peers’ actions are the best responses to optimal actions of BSs.
Direct imaging of liquid domains in membranes by cryo-electron tomography

Significance Fluorescence micrographs that capture the sizes, shapes, and distributions of liquid domains in model membranes have provided high standards of evidence to prove (and disprove) theories of how micron-scale domains form and grow. Some theories about smaller domains have remained untested, partly because experimental methods of identifying submicron domains in vitrified, hydrated vesicles have not been available. Here we introduce two such methods; both leverage cryo-electron tomography to observe membrane features far smaller than the diffraction limit of light. The first method is probe-free and identifies differences in thicknesses between liquid domains and their surrounding membranes. The second method identifies membrane regions labeled by an electron-dense, fluorescent protein, which enables direct comparison of fluorescence micrographs with cryo-electron tomograms. Images of micrometer-scale domains in lipid bilayers have provided the gold standard of model-free evidence to understand the domains' shapes, sizes, and distributions. Corresponding techniques to directly and quantitatively assess smaller (nanoscale and submicron) liquid domains have been limited. Researchers commonly seek to correlate activities of membrane proteins with attributes of the domains in which they reside; doing so hinges on identification and characterization of membrane domains. Although some features of membrane domains can be probed by indirect methods, these methods are often constrained by the limitation that data must be analyzed in the context of models that require multiple assumptions or parameters. Here, we address this challenge by developing and testing two methods of identifying submicron domains in biomimetic membranes. Both methods leverage cryo-electron tomograms of ternary membranes under vitrified, hydrated conditions. The first method is optimized for probe-free applications: Domains are directly distinguished from the surrounding membrane by their thickness. This technique quantitatively and accurately measures area fractions of domains, in excellent agreement with known phase diagrams. The second method is optimized for applications in which a single label is deployed for imaging membranes by both high-resolution cryo-electron tomography and diffraction-limited optical microscopy. For this method, we test a panel of probes, find that a trimeric mCherry label performs best, and specify criteria for developing future high-performance, dual-use probes. These developments have led to direct and quantitative imaging of submicron membrane domains in vitrified, hydrated vesicles.