Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testability analysis for crosstalk faults in VLSI circuits by using binary decision diagrams

As the increase of circuit density and switching speed, the crosstalk faults may arise in the adjacent signal lines of VLSI circuits, which are the interference effects caused by parasitic inductance and capacitance coupling. The crosstalk delay fault is one of the crosstalk faults, it may create the additional delay in the circuit, thus it may result in the unexpected time sequence and logic function errors. In this paper, a new approach is presented for the testability analysis of crosstalk delay faults, the approach can decide whether there are test vectors for a crosstalk delay fault in a circuit. First of all, several binary decision diagrams of a circuit are constructed. Secondly, the testability analysis of crosstalk delay faults is carried out by performing a lot of operations on these binary decision diagrams. One advantage of the approach in this paper is that the test vectors of crosstalk faults can be generated quickly after the testability analysis has been carried out, therefore the approach is able to cut down the test time in comparison with generating the test vectors directly.
VERTEX: VERification of Transistor-level circuits based on model EXtraction

VERTEX, a program that performs formal verification of synchronous sequential circuits that are characterized at the transistor-level is described. Additionally, VERTEX can compare gate-level designs or Boolean specifications against their switch-level implementations. VERTEX verifies a hardware design by employing novel techniques to extract the relevant state variables of a switch-level circuit and to compare the finite state machine descriptions of hardware designs based on formal methods for the verification of sequential circuits. <<ETX>>
An integrated fuzzy group decision making approach for evaluation and selection of best simulation software packages

Today techniques of system simulation have become an important tool in the modern decision making science. Selecting an inappropriate simulation software package could lead to incorrect results and costly and adversely effects on organisational performance. The success of simulation depends on the ability to select a suitable simulation software package for an intended application. This study presents an integrated approach for evaluation and selection of best simulation software packages. Due to the strategic nature of this issue, the proposed approach includes: 1) criteria extracted from the literature on evaluating simulation software packages; 2) a framework based on fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) and fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (fuzzy TOPSIS), for selecting simulation software package; 3) an empirical study with data gathered from experts' judgment to show applicability and superiority of the proposed model. In addition, the results are validated through sensitivity analysis.
The CIPS-SIGHAN CLP2010 Chinese Word Segmentation Backoff

The CIPS-SIGHAN CLP 2010 Chinese Word Segmentation Bakeoff was held in the summer of 2010 to evaluate the current state of the art in word segmentation. It focused on the cross- domain performance of Chinese word segmentation algorithms. Eighteen groups submitted 128 results over two tracks (open training and closed training), four domains (literature, computer science, medicine and finance) and two subtasks (simplified Chinese and traditional Chinese). We found that compared with the previous Chinese word segmentation bakeoffs, the performance of cross-domain Chinese word segmentation is not much lower, and the out-of-vocabulary recall is improved.
Using Split Samples to Improve Inference About Causal Effects

We discuss a method aimed at reducing the risk that spurious results are published. Researchers send their datasets to an independent third party who randomly generates training and testing samples. Researchers perform their analysis on the former and once the paper is accepted for publication the method is applied to the latter and it is those results that are published. Simulations indicate that, under empirically relevant settings, the proposed method significantly reduces type I error and delivers adequate power. The method – that can be combined with pre-analysis plans – reduces the risk that relevant hypotheses are left untested.
Control of oscillator aggregation for emergence of homeostasis in autonomous systems

The main feature that keeps states and structures stable can be seen in living organisms. This adjusting and adaptive feature is called homeostasis. This integrated adaptive feature is achieved by the cooperation of organs in living organisms. Living organisms in nature act dynamically due to this feature. Highly adaptive behavior caused by this feature is also observed in simple living organisms that have no neural circuits such as amoebas. In amoeba case, each cell acts as an oscillator and such behavior is explicable as synchronization phenomena of oscillators. Based on these facts, a method of control to generate homeostasis in robotic systems is proposed by assuming a robot system is an aggregation of oscillators in this paper. When a robot system is assumed as an aggregation of oscillators, a robot system tries to keep the value of the specific function that indicate its uncomfortable level small the whole time. To keep such function value small, a robot system stabilize the relationship between oscillators when its value is small and reconstruct the relationship between oscillators when its value is large. This behavior is also explicable as synchronization phenomena of oscillators. A redundant robot arm is made to confirm the effect of this control method to generate homeostatic behaviors in robotic systems.
Sentiment classification in online reviews using FRN algorithm

The internet is rich in directional text (i.e., text containing opinions and emotions). World Wide Web provides volumes of text-based data about consumer preferences, stored in online review websites, web forums, blogs, etc. Sentiment analysis is a technique to classify people's opinions in product reviews, blogs or social networks has emerged as a method for mining opinions from such text archives. It uses machine learning methods combined with linguistic attributes/features in order to identify among other things the sentiment polarity (e.g., positive, negative, and neutral) We investigated supervised learning by incorporating linguistic rules and constraints that could improve the performance of calculations and classifications.
DynaNP - A Coarse-grain Dataflow Network Processor Architecture with Dynamic Configurable Processing Path

Aimed at the limitation of ILP exploitation and the fixed topology of control-flow NP, a new scheme of coarse-grain dataflow NP architecture - DynaNP is proposed. DynaNP can not only improve the programmability of NP by adopting control-flow structure in each processing element (PE), but also effectively exploit the task-level parallelism by introducing data-flow model into the processing of multiple PEs. A mechanism of dynamic configurable processing path is also provided in DynaNP. Art S-DTPPS algorithm based on dynamic configurable processing path is proposed in DynaNP. The simulation results show that by using this algorithm the load of each PE can be balanced efficiently and the overall throughput of DynaNP will be improved.
A Modified Maximum Urgency First Scheduling Algorithm with EDZL for Multiprocessors in Real Time Applications

This manuscript proposes the implementation of Modified Maximum Urgency First (MMUF) algorithm in case of multiprocessors and uses EDZL (earliest deadline until zero laxity) algorithm as dynamic priority. Urgency based scheduling is an effective method of scheduling the resources which combines the advantages of both fixed and dynamic scheduling for improved performance of the CPU. In case of uniprocessor scheduling we have various algorithms which exploit various dimensions of urgency based scheduling like maximum urgency first scheduling, modified maximum urgency first scheduling etc. In modified maximum urgency first (MMUF) scheduling algorithm, earliest deadline first (EDF) policy is used as the dynamic priority. Over years EDF has evolved as an efficient and reliable dynamic scheduling policy for uniprocessors in real time systems but the same can't be stated true for scheduling of multiprocessors. On the contrary, it is observed that EDF is not optimal for multiprocessor scheduling. Hence, to resolve this, in the proposed algorithm EDZL has been used as the dynamic priority to schedule tasks for multiprocessors using MMUF.
Use of selective precharge for low-power content-addressable memories

A general technique to reduce the energy used by individual CMOS logic gates in large fan-in logic arrays is derived, and applied to the comparators in a content-addressable memory (CAM), an important application where power dissipation is often large and the technique works particularly well. A small subset of the inputs are removed from the large parallel pulldown switch and used to control the precharge instead, greatly reducing the number of cycles requiring a full charge/discharge sequence in many cases, with only a modest delay penalty. Estimates of the optimal number of bits to remove and the performance gain as a function of various parameters are provided.
Pace, interactivity and multimodality in teachers’ design of texts for interactive whiteboards in the secondary school classroom

Teachers making texts for use in the classroom is nothing new, it is an established aspect of pedagogic practice. The introduction of interactive whiteboards (IWBs) into UK secondary schools has, however, impacted on this practice in a number of ways. Changes in the site of design and display—from the printed page or worksheet and the blackboard to the electronic site of the screen, together with easy access to multimodal resources, including colour, image, sound and movement—bring new potentials for teacher text design for IWBs. The texts designed and used with IWBs can be viewed as a meeting point for the agenda of educational policy, the interests of the commercial sector, teachers’ pedagogic concerns and the facilities of technology. Pace, interactivity and multimodality are converged on by policy and research literature as key benefits of IWBs for pedagogy. In this article, we discuss teachers’ design of IWB texts with a focus on these three resources. Drawing on three illustrative examples of IWB use in secondary schools maths, we examine how these resources are articulated and mediated in the classroom through teachers’ text design. We highlight the role of teachers in digital text design and the potential of text design as a pedagogic tool for change (and non‐change). We conclude that pedagogic text design for IWBs would benefit from a more nuanced approach to these (and other) resources that foregrounds pedagogy and backgrounds technology.
GPS Software Receiver Enhancements for Indoor Use

Signal sensitivity and cross-correlation are two important issues for GPS signal processing indoor. This paper presents the implementation of an enhanced GPS software receiver for indoor applications. A dot product integration method has been fully investigated and implemented into a GPS software receiver previously developed by the PLAN group. This new method outperforms the conventional non-coherent integration method in terms of processing gain. Three cross-correlation detection and mitigation algorithms are also studied and implemented. Simulation results show that the cross-correlation, which is several dB stronger than the correlation sought, can be detected and mitigated in most cases.
Efficient Sparse PCA-based Method for Motion Recognition

The emergence of substantial databases for capturing 3D human motions has become a new challenge to the efficient analysis and processing of human motion data. Such large data hinder the effective use of human motion capture databases. To reduce such high dimension complexity, sparse PCA is used to re-express motion data with the use of sparse representation. In particular, the projection from highdimensional data is decreased to reduce the dimensional subspace and to facilitate the recognition and classification of different motions. Consequently, automatic recognition and automatic retrieval of 3D human motions are realized.
Evaluation of Video Quality in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Simulating wireless sensor networks; there implementation and evaluation, require the use of a discrete event simulator. Omnet++ is quite a powerful simulator which supports concise and easy modeling of wired as well as wireless sensors environment. Scenarios involving multimedia transmissions with characteristics of video quality control and evaluation must be computed on the basis of Quality of Experience which relies on user’s perception to maintain the video quality. For the multimedia growth and awareness of future WMSNs, it is quite necessary that the performance should be tested for different types of radio models. So varying the radio parameters may allow for the optimization and improvement of the video quality. In this paper we have provided a test bench for the easy evaluation and optimization of the performance of WMSNs using different radio models. The performance is evaluated based on the QoE metrics; i.e. PSNR(Peak Signal-to-Noise ratio) and MoS(Mean Opinion Score), which depend on user’s perception to maintain the video quality.
FASTCHART-Idea and Implementation

In this arlicle there is a description of a new hardware structure for small real-time systems which is time delerministic in the execution of CPU instructions and the real-time operating s.ystern. It also iiicludes the studies of practicabilitjl and the difficulties in impleme~i~ing [. lie structure. 1 Iiitroductioii ‘l’lie designers of hard rea.l-t,inie systems want to know whether the response time for all functions will be shorter than a specified maxiniuiii time. Achieving this requirement the red-time system will be predick~l~le. This article shows how one can get predictable rcal-tinie systems 011 a. niicroscoipic level a.ud a11 ini)leiiientation of this principle. In the article we define a IIW unit. named RTU, Real ‘hie LJnit,, which works coiicurrent,ly wit,li the CPU.
Classifying software maintenance

A revision is presented of E.B. Swanson's classification scheme for software maintenance (1976). The proposed classification system can be objectively determined from the changes that occur between versions of the software. The system was developed by analyzing the changes that occur between different versions of COBOL programs that were produced in commercial environments. <<ETX>>
Representing verbs with force vectors

The notion of force may figure in the meaning of several classes of words, including various types of verbs (Copley & Harley, in press; Jackendoff, 1990; Pinker, 1989; Talmy, 1988; Weisgerber, in press; Wolff & Song, 2003; Wolff, Klettke, Ventura, & Song, 2005), prepositions (Zwarts, 2010) and modals (Copley, 2005; Talmy, 1988). In these analyses, it was observed that words encoding force typically display regular patterns of meaning, suggesting an underlying system of distinctions that determines how such meanings are formed (Wolff, Barbey, & Hausknecht, 2010). The most significant step towards characterizing this system was Talmy’s (1988) theory of force dynamics, which was soon followed by several proposals modifying and extending the theory (e.g., Jackendoff, 1990; Pinker, 1989). In the case of Wolff and colleagues’ dynamics model (Wolff & Zettergren, 2002; Wolff & Song, 2003; Wolff, 2007), it was shown that Talmy’s system of distinctions could be represented by a vector formalism. In the target article of this volume, Warglien, Gärdenfors, and Westera (in press) propose yet another model of how the notion of force is systematically encoded in word meanings. Unlike earlier theories, their two-vector model assumes a different set of distinctions than those originally proposed by Talmy (1988). Indeed, it lays the groundwork for a new system of event representation that may help integrate insights from force dynamics with the rest of the lexical semantics literature. In this review I examine the two-vector model with respect to the dynamics model. Both models are recent and make explicit use of vectors in their representations of verb meanings. This comparison will show that the two-vector model and the dynamics model differ with respect to the phenomena they address. I will also discuss several limitations of the two-vector model. In particular, due to the model’s single-domain constraint, it seems the theory is unable to represent the meanings of verbs of causation, among others. A second major problem is that the so-called result vector introduced in this model seems to over-extend the notion of a vector. Finally, I will discuss how the two-event model implies event 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
The design of different classes of morphological filter using genetic algorithms

Mathematical morphology has produced an important class of non-linear filters. Unfortunately, few design methods exist for these filters. Those existing tending to be computationally intractable or require some expert knowledge of mathematical morphology. The paper describes research into methods by which different classes of morphological filters can be designed by employing genetic algorithms.
On mass effects to artificial physics optimisation algorithm for global optimisation problems

Artificial physics optimisation (APO) algorithm is an optimisation algorithm based on physicomimetics framework. Driven by virtual force, a population of sample individuals searches a global optimum in the problem space. The mass of each individual corresponds to a user-defined function of the value of an objective function to be optimised. It is an important parameter to influence the performance of APO algorithm. Therefore, in this paper, the authors make a study on the selection principle of mass on numerical optimisation problems. According to the curvilinear style of the mass functions, they are classified into three different types of curvilinear functions: convex function, linear function and concave function. To make a deep insight, several versions of APO algorithm with different mass functions are used to solve two type benchmarks: unimodal and multimodal functions. Simulation results show the mass functions with concave curve may generally obtain the satisfied solution within the allowed iterations. In addition, the performance of APO algorithm is compared with that of the modified electromagnetism-like (EM), differential evolution (DE), evolutionary algorithm (EA) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) for multidimensional numeric benchmarks. The simulation results show that APO algorithm is competitive.
Anycast Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks

Anycast routing is very useful for many applications such as resource discovery in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). In this paper, based on a new DTN model, we first analyze the any- cast semantics for DTNs. Then we present a novel metric named EMDDA (Expected Multi-Destination Delay for Anycast) and a corresponding routing algorithm for anycast routing in DTNs. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed EMDDA routing scheme can effectively improve the efficiency of anycast routing in DTNs. It outperforms another algorithm, Minimum Expected Delay (MED) algorithm, by 11.3% on average in term of routing delays and by 19.2% in term of average max queue length. I. INTRODUCTION Thus efficient anycast service is important for supporting these applications in DTNs. Though anycast in the Internet and mobile ad hoc net- works has been studied extensively in the past, due to the unpredictability of network connectivity and delay, and limited storage capacity, anycast in DTNs is a quite unique and challenging problem. It requires both re-definition of anycast semantics and new routing algorithms. Moreover, in unicast in DTNs, the destination of a message is determined when it is generated, while in anycast, the destination can be any one of a group of nodes and during routing, both the path to a group member and the destination can change dynamically according to current mobile device movement situation. In this paper, we define three semantics models of anycast in DTNs, namely CM (Current Membership), TIM (Temporal Interval Membership) and TPM (Temporal Point Membership Model), which unambiguously define the intended receivers of a message in the anycast routing. Based on the model, we also propose a novel routing metric named EMDDA (Ex- pected Multi-Destination Delay for Anycast) which utilizes the uncontrolled random moving characteristic of mobile devices. We use a probabilistic approach that characterizes the practical average delay more accurately and develop a corresponding algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed and compared by simulation which demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed metric. Our simulations show that the EMDDA routing scheme can effectively improve the efficiency of anycast routing in DTNs. It achieves 11.3% lower average routing delays and 19.2% lower average max queue length compared to another algorithm, Minimum Expected Delay (MED)(2).
High resolution modelling results of the wind flow over Canary Islands during the meteorological situation of the extratropical storm Delta (28–30 November 2005)

Abstract. On 28–29 November 2005 an extratropical storm affected the Canary Islands causing significant damage related to high average wind speeds and intense gusts over some islands of the archipelago. Delta was the twenty-sixth tropical or subtropical storm of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It represents an unusual meteorological phenomenon for that region, and its impacts were underestimated by the different operational meteorological forecasts during the previous days of the arrival of the low near Canary Islands. The aim of this study is to reproduce the local effects of the flow that were observed over the Canary Islands during the travel of the Delta storm near the region using high-resolution mesoscale meteorological simulations. The Advanced Research Weather Research & Forecasting Model (WRF-ARW) is applied at 9, 3 and 1 km horizontal resolution using ECMWF forecasts as initial and boundary conditions. The high-resolution simulation will outline the main features that contributed to the high wind speeds observed in the archipelago. Variations in vertical static stability, vertical windshear and the intense synoptic winds of the southwestern part of Delta with a warm core at 850 hPa were the main characteristics that contributed to the development and amplification of intense gravity waves while the large-scale flow interacted with the complex topography of the islands.
Any Source Implicit Multicast (ASIMcast)

This paper proposes the ASIMcast (Any-Source Im- plicit Multicast) protocol which builds a bidirectional tree for routing of multicast traffic. ASIMcast includes features addressing issues which have been slowing down the deployment of multicast until now. ASIMcast does not use class D IP addresses to forward multicast data but normal unicast addresses instead. This prevents the collision of different multicast sessions, but mainly, it eases the deployment of multicast by having non-multicast routers (or domains) process multicast traffic as if it were unicast. For the same reason, multicast interdomain routing stops being an issue. ASIMcast also reduces routers memory usage by having routing states stored only at branching routers; non-branching routers are only involved when the tree is being optimized. Finally, ASIMcast is an efficient approach to provide several channels per multicast session with the possibility for the end-user to specify which channel it wants to receive. Simulation and implementation have proved the feasibility and the scalability of ASIMcast.