Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A magnetic model for low/hard state of black hole binaries

A magnetic model for the low/hard state (LHS) of two black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs), H1743–322 and GX 339–4, is proposed based on transport of the magnetic field from a companion into an accretion disk around a black hole (BH). This model consists of a truncated thin disk with an inner advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF). The spectral profiles of the sources are fitted in agreement with the data observed at four different dates corresponding to the rising phase of the LHS. In addition, the association of the LHS with a quasi-steady jet is modeled based on transport of magnetic field, where the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) and Blandford-Payne (BP) processes are invoked to drive the jets from BH and inner ADAF. It turns out that the steep radio/X-ray correlations observed in H1743–322 and GX 339–4 can be interpreted based on our model.
IAR STORES CLEARANCE CFD APPROACH: FROM DEVELOPMENT TO AUTOMATED ENGINEERING TOOL

The IAR Quasi-Steady CFD approach for store release prediction is presented. First, the various modules of the approach are described. They consist of an inviscid flow solver module FJ3SOLV, a 6-DOF SSM module and a mesh motion module (MESH MOTION). In order to produce an engineering tool, the approach, which required human intervention during the computation of the store trajectory, has now been automated. This was carried out by creating a GUI (Graphic User Interface) that allows the user to define interactively the various loadings acting on the releasing aircraft in the carriage position. A fully automatic procedure of the global remeshing of the computational domain, using ICEM CFD mesh generation software, was also implemented. Some results obtained in CFD challenges are presented. They compared well with those obtained by other countries.
Generalized heat kernel signatures

In this work we propose a generalization of the Heat Kernel Signature (HKS). The HKS is a point signature derived from the heat kernel of the Laplace-Beltrami operator of a surface. In the theory of exterior calculus on a Riemannian manifold, the Laplace-Beltrami operator of a surface is a special case of the Hodge Laplacian which acts on r-forms, i. e. the Hodge Laplacian on 0-forms (functions) is the Laplace-Beltrami operator. We investigate the usefulness of the heat kernel of the Hodge Laplacian on 1-forms (which can be seen as the vector Laplacian) to derive new point signatures which are invariant under isometric mappings. A similar approach used to obtain the HKS yields a symmetric tensor field of second order; for easier comparability we consider several scalar tensor invariants. Computed examples show that these new point signatures are especially interesting for surfaces with boundary.
Experimental and Computational Approaches in Leveraging Natural Compounds for Network based Anti-cancer Medicine

Cancer is caused by the complex interplay between various nongenetic (carcinogens, tobacco, chemicals, radiations and infectious organisms), and genetic factors (inherited mutations, hormones, immune conditions and mutations that occur from metabolism). These causal factors may act together, or in sequence to initiate or promote carcinogenesis. At a molecular level, it starts with the activation of oncogenes in the cells leading to subsequent inactivation of tumor suppressor genes [1]. The genes involved in the development of cancer can be grouped under two categories, viz. (i) Oncogenes and (ii) Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Oncogenes are responsible for transforming normal cells into their cancerous counterparts. Oncogenes are mutated form of otherwise normal genes known as proto-oncogene. These proto-oncogenes carry out critical functions like cell cycle regulation, and differentiation [2]. The development of cancer is a multistep process enabled by the occurrence of key hallmark events like sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting apoptotic cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion, metastasis and inflammation [3]. Targeting a gene involved in multiple hallmark events could be an effective strategy to control cancer. Mutations in proto-oncogenes compromise with critical functions, and thereby lead to uninterrupted growth promoting activities necessary for tumor formation. Conversely, tumor suppressor genes are responsible in maintaining the normal cellular homeostasis by regulating cell division, repair errors in DNA, and inducing apoptosis in the case of accumulation of abnormal signals [4-6]. The development of cancer is facilitated by promotion of oncogenes and silencing of tumor suppressor genes by various mechanisms like mutation, epigenetic silencing etc. The exact sequence of this genetic insult is still a mystery, even after decades of cancer research [2,7].
Prediction of air pollution peaks generated by urban transport networks

This paper illustrates the first results of an ongoing research for developing novel methods to analyse and simulate the relationship between trasport-related air pollutant concentrations and easily accessible explanatory variables. The final scope of the analysis is to integrate the new models in traditional traffic management decision-support systems for a sustainable mobility of road vehicles in urban areas. This first stage concerns the relationship between the mean hourly concentration of nitrogen dioxide and explanatory factors like traffic and weather conditions, with particular reference to the prediction of pollution peaks, defined as exceedances of normative concentration limits. Two modelling frameworks are explored: the Artificial Neural Network approach and the ARIMAX model. Furthermore, the benefit of a synergic use of both models for air quality forecasting is investigated. The analysis of findings points out that the prediction of extreme pollutant concentrations is best performed by the integration of the two models into an ensemble. The neural network is outperformed by the ARIMAX model in foreseeing peaks, but gives a more realistic representation of the relationships between concentration and wind characteristics. So, it can be exploited to direct the ARIMAX model specification. At last, the study shows that the ability at forecasting exceedances of pollution regulative limits can be enhanced by requiring traffic management actions when the predicted concentration exceeds a threshold that is pretty high but lower than the normative one.
Aggregate Technical Efficiency and Water Use in U.S. Agriculture

In the United States freshwater withdrawals for agriculture account for 80% of all out of stream water withdrawals from 1985 to 2005. To assess what drives water use in agriculture, we use the two error stochastic frontier analysis model of Battese and Coelli (1995) to estimate a translog production frontier for agriculture at the state level. The inclusion of non-negative technical inefficiency eff ects allows us to account for additional characteristics in our assessment of production inefficiency. The average marginal value of irrigation is $380, while we fi nd that on average $1 of intermediate inputs provides $0.96 of final output. These results are driven by a small subset of states with large negative values, indicating persistent misallocation of resources. The inefficiency eff ects regression finds that government subsidies increase in value of output of 0:083 per real dollar of subsidies and that that shifts from larger acreage farms to lower acreage ones will generally be efficiency increasing. This analysis highlights di fferences in water use and how they can have major implications for farm policy as a whole. Of particular note is the measured positive correlation between having a negative marginal product of intermediates and having a positive marginal product of irrigation, which suggests that shifts in inputs from intermediates to irrigation are a ripe target for efficiency gains in many states.
A study on the capacitance-voltage characteristics of metal-Ta2O5-silicon capacitors for very large scale integration metal-oxide-semiconductor gate oxide applications

In this work, the capacitance–voltage characteristics of Au/Ta2O5/Si capacitors are studied. The Ta2O5 films are deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. Constant voltage stress is applied to the Ta2O5 capacitors. The flatband voltage VFB is measured before and after the constant voltage stress. The flatband voltage shift due to the stress is explained by the trapping of electrons and holes. An interface trapped charge density (Dit) about 2×1011 eV−1 cm−2 in the midgap of silicon is extracted by using the conductance method. The discharging transient current after a constant voltage stress is measured and correlated with the electron and hole trapping. The trapped electron and hole densities in Ta2O5 are calculated by using the tunneling front model. The VFB shift and the discharging transient currents are explained based on the energy band diagram of the metal/Ta2O5/silicon system.
Moods and moral values in blog posts

In this paper we use a corpus-based approach on blog posts to investigate the relationship between moral values and human well-being in social media. In the process, we look at whether there is a significant gender and age effect with regards to interest in morality and value priority. We find some support for a direct relationship between morality and well-being and a gender/age effect on the extent to which people are interested in moral questions, but no real effect on value priority.
Sequential assimilation of stratospheric chemical observations in a three-dimensional model

We describe a technique to assimilate chemical observations in a three-dimensional (3-D) chemical transport model (CTM). The method uses the established sequential technique of Khattatov et al. [2000], but here, it is applied simultaneously to many observed species. Following the assimilation, care is taken to preserve compact correlations between all modeled long-lived tracers and the total abundance of reactive families (e.g., inorganic chlorine). This way, the observations of long-lived tracers and family members constrain many other species in the model. In this paper, we apply the technique to the assimilation of O 3 , CH 4 , H 2 O, and HCl from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) in 1992. Despite the poor coverage of HALOE, the assimilation of species with long photochemical lifetimes is a useful global constraint on the model. Results of the assimilation model have been tested by comparison with Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy Experiment (ATMOS) profiles of O 3 , CH 4 , H 2 O, HCl, and N 2 O. Direct comparison of the assimilated species shows that the assimilation model performs better in reproducing the independent observations. Comparison of the nonassimilated species (N 2 O) shows that assimilation has generally improved the comparison, especially in the midlatitude lower stratosphere.
Differential Effects of Market Concentration on Oligopolistic and Atomistic Segments: Evidence of Audit Fees and Audit Quality

This study divides the audit market into the oligopolistic and atomistic segments at MSA level and examine whether the effect of audit market concentration on audit fees and audit quality is the same in these two segments. I find that the market concentration raises the audit fees in the oligopolistic segment. In contrast, the market concentration lowers audit fees, but raises the audit quality in the atomistic segment. My findings reveal that audit market concentration only reduces the competition among oligopolistic segment. In contrast, the atomistic segment becomes more compressed and more competitive in a highly concentrated market.
The effect of Interleukin-6 and maternal high fat diet on developmental gene expression in the embryonic mouse brain

ii Acknowledgements iv Table of Contents v Abbreviations vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Fetal origins of adult health and disease 2 1.2 Maternal inflammation and the fetal brain 3 1.3: Schizophrenia and its prenatal origins 3 1.4 Schizophrenia and the hippocampus 5 1.5 Development of the hippocampus 6 1.6 Obesity and its prenatal origins 10 1.7 Obesity as an inflammatory disease 11 1.8 Neuroendocrine control of body weight 13 1.9 Arcuate nucleus development and axon guidance 15 1.10 Cytokine mediated changes in developmental gene expression 16 1.11 Hypothesis and aims 18 Chapter 2: Methods 19 2.1 High Fat (HF) Mouse Model 20 2.2 Matings and tissue collection 20 2.3.1 In vitro IL-­‐6 experiments 21 2.3.2 In vivo MHF experiments 21 2.3 RNA extraction and cDNA conversion 22 2.4 Quantitative PCR (qPCR) 23 2.4. 1 Primer design 23 2.4. 2 Primer optimisation 25 2.4. 3 qPCR protocol 25 2.4. 4 qPCR analysis 26 Chapter 3: Results 27 3.1 Optimisation of qPCR 28 3.2 In vitro IL-­‐6 treatment results in gene expression changes in the fetal hippocampus 33
How Employment Responds to Changes in Assets at US Banks and Credit Unions

While US credit unions have one of the highest market penetration rates in the world (more than 40 per cent), they have been rarely investigated by economists. In this study, we use new panel data to provide the first evidence of how US commercial banks and credit unions adjust their employment levels to output shocks. Monitoring by cooperative members leads us to expect that asset quality and growth will differ between coops and investor owned firms. The role of employee-members leads us to predict variation in employment adjustment when assets rise and fall. We find differing employment adjustment responses in reaction to growing versus shrinking assets and across types of firm. Some of our findings point to greater employment resiliency in credit unions. Our results complement findings from studies of workers cooperatives and firms with employee ownership and thus expand the range of alternative institutional arrangements for which evidence exists for greater employment resiliency compared to investor-owned firms (IOFs). Our findings, as does work by others suggest that credit unions and cooperatives were more resilient during the Great recession than IOFs and also point to the economic potential of credit unions and cooperatives compared to IOFs.
Spatial and temporal variability of Standardized Precipitation Index over Indochina Peninsula

Indochina Peninsula has abundant water resources; however, most of the rain falls during the wet season. An arid condition is quite pronounced throughout the dry season. The majority of population depends on the agriculture as the main source of livelihood income. It is, therefore, important to study the drought and wetness over the region because crops are vulnerable to extreme climatic conditions. We used gridded precipitation APHRODITE and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of drought and wetness over Indochina peninsula. Nonparametric Modified Mann-Kendall (MMK) trend test was applied to determine the SPI trends over this region. There is a decrease in precipitation over a large part of Indochina during winter (dry season) and an increasing pattern during summer (rainy season). The increasing trend of SPI indicates an increase in wet condition over most parts of Indochina peninsula except for Red River Delta in Vietnam, central parts of Vietnam/Laos and western parts of Cambodia.
Exploring the theory-practice gap in initial teacher education: moving beyond questions of relevance to issues of power and authority

Abstract The ‘theory-practice divide’ in teacher education can be viewed not simply as an acceptance of a body of knowledge but instead an acceptance of the teacher educator’s authority to determine what is relevant educational theory. This research aimed to explore student teachers’ views of ‘educational theory’ and how it was discursively positioned relative to their practice in an attempt to examine whether their acceptance or rejection of it was also related to accepting the authority of the teacher educator. Using one-to-one interviews with 23 student teachers and employing a discourse analysis, four categories of students emerged. The paper describes these four categories and discusses the implications of these findings for initial teacher education and our understanding of the ‘theory-practice’ gap.
Complementary and Alternative Treatment Methods used in Adults with Diabetes in Turkey

Specifically, type 2 diabetes carbohydrate is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with impaired fatty and protein metabolism. Type 2 diabetes has become an increasingly public health problem with an estimated prevalence of 285 million people globally (corresponding to 6.4% of the adult population in the world). According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) projections, more than 550 million people are expected to receive diabetes until 2030 [1]. The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing worldwide [2]. CAM encompasses all health systems, modalities, and practices other than those intrinsic to the politically dominant health system of a particular society or culture [3]. Among the most commonly used CAM treatments are nutritional supplements, herbal remedies, mental healing, naturopathy, manipulative body based therapy, energy therapy, massage therapy, hypnosis, music therapy and relaxation techniques [2,4]. Due to inadequate treatment regimens available in the US, 2-3.6 million people use complementary and alternative treatment for diabetes treatment [5]. CAMs are of interest in academic, industrial and economic areas due to their high usage frequency [4]. The use of CAM for the management of chronic diseases is becoming increasingly widespread and its use is influenced by the health belief system, culture and tradition, ethnicity, geography and family history [3]. Diabetic patients, one of the chronic illnesses are often able to take supplementary treatments in addition to medical treatments. In addition, it is stated that the rate of using CAM for diabetic patients is higher than other patient groups [6]. In studies conducted all over the world, CAM use was reported for more than two-thirds of the population [7]. Since 1990s, studies on the prevalence of CAM use among patients with diabetes mellitus are growing and the data showed that CAM is a popular choice for diabetes management [3]. These patients often consult with CAM practitioners or self-manage with CAM the rapies based on their own knowledge [2]. Because diabetes is an individual and multidimensional illness and life-long illness, it is thought that individuals lead other alternative practices besides medical treatment [8]. Cinnamon, garlic preparations, cemenia and multi-vitamins are herbal products commonly used among diabetics and researches continue to have hypoglycaemic effects. Body mind applications such as yoga and tai chi are also used by diabetic patients, but the long-term effects on glycemic control are unsatisfactory [7]. Furthermore, the scientific literature on the efficacy of CAM in the treatment of diabetes is relatively infrequent and diverse. On the spot use of persons with diabetes associated with CAM use, there is a concern that when used as a complementary treatment there is a risk of drug interactions and additional complications [9]. Mini Review
Mothering in the context of domestic violence: the pervasiveness of a deficit model of mothering

Despite growing concerns with the situation of children exposed to domestic violence, and although women have been seen as central in the welfare of their children, limited attention has been paid to the issue of mothering in this context. This paper examines how concerns regarding abused women's mothering have been articulated in the academic literature on children's exposure to domestic violence, and argues that the dominant discourse in this area has been characterized by a deficit model of mothering. Implications of the pervasiveness of a deficit model for child welfare policies and practices are highlighted. Finally, this paper identifies key elements that should be considered in the development of a feminist perspective on mothering in the context of domestic violence, which could lead to less blaming and more supportive practices.
Towards the Building Information Modeling-Based Capital Project Lifecycle Management in the Luxury Yacht Industry

Abstract It will be a new approach that BIM’s capital project lifecycle management (CPLM) applied to the yacht industry. This paper explored the feasibility of applying the principles and rationales of BIM for capital project lifecycle management in luxury yacht design, engineering, fabrication, construction and operation. The paper examined the premises and backbone technology of BIM. It then evaluated leading naval engineering and shipbuilding software applications and their development trends from the functional lens of BIM. To systematically investigate a BIM-based approach for capital project lifecycle management (CPLM) in the luxury yacht industry, the paper proposed and outlined an implementation framework. A case study and a student competition use case were discussed to delineate the core constituents and processes of the proposed framework. The case of BIM was reviewed. Through the domestic custom luxury yacht design and prototyping student competition, the application of this framework in educational research is demonstrated and the initial quantitative assessment of the framework is carried out. Conclusions: a BIM-based CPLM implementation framework can help the luxury yacht industry capitalize on the global transformation to an information-centric and data-driven new business paradigm in shipbuilding with integrated design, manufacturing and production.
Effects of Fire Severity and Topography on Soil Black Carbon Accumulation in Boreal Forest of Northeast China

Black carbon (BC) from incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuel is widespread in sediments and soils because of its high stability in nature and is considered an important component of the global carbon sink. However, knowledge of BC stocks and influencing factors in forest ecosystems is currently limited. We investigated soil BC contents in burned boreal forests of the Great Khingan Mountains, northeast China. We collected soil samples from 14 sites with different fire severities, slope positions and aspects. The samples were analyzed by the chemo-thermal oxidation method to obtain their BC concentrations. The BC concentrations of the studied soils ranged from 0.03 to 36.91 mg C g−1, with a mean of 1.44 ± 0.11 mg C g−1. BC concentrations gradually decline with depth, and that was significantly less in the 20–30 cm layer compared to all shallower layers. Forests burned by moderate-severity fires had the highest soil BC, the shady aspect had higher soil BC than the sunny aspect. Our results provide some basic data for evaluating the soil BC sink in boreal forests, which is a useful amendment to current carbon budget and carbon cycle in boreal forest ecosystems.
AN ANALYSIS ON CALP IN REPORT TEXT FOR SECOND GRADE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

This study was about the existence of CALP (academic words) in report text for second grade senior high school. The aim of this study was to find out 1) the percentage and 2) the frequency of academic words (CALP words) contained in report text used for second grade senior high school. Six report texts from three different publishers were chosen through purposive sampling. The analysis was based on the Academic Word List (AWL) which comprises of 10 level of frequency, from the highest (level 1) to the lowest (level 10). It was found that there were 33 academic words in the six report texts, and 12 of them or 36.37% belong to level 1. It implies that most academic words contained in the texts belong to the highest frequency level. Based on the result, it is recommended for teachers to concern more on material selection to fulfill students need in academic words.