Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Survey of Removal of Suspended Solids from River At Flooding Period by Plain Sedimentation Process

The most important of surface sources of water in the large city are rivers. The turbidity and flow rate of rivers is a constantly changing phenomenon in the seasons from year. During rainy period, the run off carries with it silt, clay and sand which make a severe increasing in turbidity to over 1000NTU. The increasing of turbidity causes which the water plant treatment receives the more solides.However; in order to protection of plant units must apply pretreatment processes. In this research, the effectiveness of settling process in order to removal of TSS from raw water was studied. The beginning of the work, lab-scale pilot designed which consisted of a raw water preparation container; the settling column was made of Plexiglas with 2m height, 20cm diameter and the six of sampling ports. The settling column filled with the raw water associated with sediments of river. At defined time steps (30-60-90-120-150-180 min) samples were taken out from the bottom of the column (180cm under water surface). The temperature of water was in the range of 15 to 18oC during experiments. The results showed that between the increasing of TSS removal and settling time, a direct and significant relative (p<0/01) was obtained by Pearson, s correlation coefficient. Also with increasing the depth, the removal efficiency of TSS and turbidity decreased. In the settling time of 30min, 2640mg/L of TSS concentration, the depths of 30 and 180cm, systematically, the TSS removal 92.42% and 80.47% was obtained. when the initial TSS concentration increase to 27640mg/L (the most concentration of TSS), with increasing SOR from 25m/d to 60m/d, the total removal efficiency decreased from 99.2% to 92.2%, and with the TSS of concentration equals to 2640mg/L, the rate of total removal efficiency decreased from 97.2% to 95.7%. The results showed that the rising of SOR and TSS concentration, decreased the total removal efficiency. Also, these are an opposite and significant relative (p<0/05) between the removal of TSS and initial concentration of TSS.
Mastergradsoppgave Effects of high and moderate intensity aerobic exercise on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in men with metabolic syndrome

Purpose: Physical activity is central in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, as effective weight reduction and increased energy expenditure reduce all risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. High intensity aerobic exercise requires more energy during the activity. It may also induce superior energy expenditure during post-exercise recovery. The primary aim of this study was to compare the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of three different exercise sessions of aerobic exercise in men with metabolic syndrome after a single exercise session. Methods: Seven men aged 39 and 70 years with metabolic syndrome participated in this study. All subjects performed three aerobic exercise treatments: One aerobic interval (1-AIT), four aerobic intervals (4-AIT), and 47 minutes of continuous moderate exercise (CME) in separate days with at least 48 hours between each test day. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured pre-exercise and used as baseline values. EPOC was measured until baseline metabolic rate was re-established. Results: An increase in O2 uptake lasting for 70.4 (± 24.8) min. (4-AIT), 35.9 ± 17.3 min. (1AIT) and 45.6 ± 17.3 min. (CME) was observed. EPOC was 2.9 ± 1.7 l O2 (4-AIT), 1.3 ± 1.1 l O2 (1-AIT) and 1.4 ± 1.1 l O2 (CME). There were significant differences (p< 0.05) between 4AIT and CME and 1-AIT. The 4-AIT exercise session produces the highest average EPOC, followed by CME and then 1-AIT. Conclusion: Total EPOC was highest after 4-AIT. These data suggest that exercise intensity has a significant positive effect on EPOC in men with metabolic syndrome.
Genotype and Phenotype Detection of E. coli Isolated from Children Suffering from Urinary Tract Infection

One hundred clinical urine samples were obtained from patients suffering from UTI during the period from 1, August, 2017 to 9, October, 2017. Methodology: The identification of the E. coli isolates was depended on colonial morphology, microscopic examination and biochemical tests as a primary identification. The final identification was performed by PCR technique with Mdh. In addition antibiotic genes were used such as ( bla-CTM , blatem -1 , aac (6) - Ib-cr and sul-1 ). Result: Rendering to the results obtained according to the morphological ,cultural and biochemical characters from 100 sample only 80 (80%) isolate was identify as E. coli . According to the results obtained by PCR, Mdh gene that encode was found in 56 (70%) isolates in E. coli. The results of PCR revealed that the percentage of bla - CTX-M gene among tested isolates reached to 30/56(53.57%), 10/56(17.85%) for bla TEM-1 , 13/56(23.2%) for aac (6’)-Ib –cr and 33/42 (78.57%) for Sul-1 gene. Conclusion: The study investigated the antibiotic resistance genes of E. coli which play a major role in pathogen city . Keywords: E. coli , Urinary tract infection and antibiotic resistance genes.
An insight into pre-Columbian raised fields: the case of San Borja, Bolivian lowlands

Abstract. Pre-Columbian raised field agriculture in the tropical lowlands of South America has received increasing attention and been the focus of heated debates regarding its function, productivity, and role in the development of pre-Columbian societies. Even though raised fields are all associated to permanent or semi-permanent high water levels, they occur in different environmental contexts. Very few field-based studies on raised fields have been carried out in the tropical lowlands and little is known about their use and past management. Based on topographic surveying and mapping, soil physical and chemical analysis and OSL and radiocarbon dating, this paper provides insight into the morphology, functioning and time frame of the use of raised fields in the south-western Llanos de Moxos, Bolivian Amazon. We have studied raised fields of different sizes that were built in an area near the town of San Borja, with a complex fluvial history. The results show that differences in field size and height are the result of an adaptation to a site where soil properties vary significantly on a scale of tens to hundreds of metres. The analysis and dating of the raised fields sediments point towards an extensive and rather brief use of the raised fields, for about 100–200 years at the beginning of the 2nd millennium.
Length-Weight Relationships of Vimba Vimba Persa in Southern Coasts of the Caspian Sea Guilan Province- Iran

Length weight relationships of Vimba vimba persa were studied. For this purpose 174 fish samples were collected by gill nets, beach seine and purse seine from March through June 2008 at two Guilan fisheries catch stations of Guilan located in Anzali- Kiyashahr regions. Samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory of fish biology at University of Guilan for further analyses. Length, weight and other external features of all samples were measured. Total Length and weight ranged from 140 to 220 mm and 24.7 to 97.6 gr respectively. Significant difference was observed among mean weight of fish in Anzali 48.01±9.33mm and Kiyashahr regions 51.25±19.9mm (p<0.05). Comparison of condition factor (CF) in fish Samples showed higher condition factor in fish from Kiyashahr region (p<0.05). Our results showed that growth pattern of Vimba vimba in Guilan with regard to their weight and length relationships is allometric (non- homogeneous) and negative which considering fishing pressure, pollution and deterioration of its stocks could be of special concern
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS MODEL FOR SOCIAL SENTIMENTS

Millions of users share their opinions on Social Networks, making it a valuable platform for tracking and analyzing public sentiment. Such tracking and analysis can provide critical information for decision making in various domains. Therefore it has attracted attention in both academia and industry. Previous research mainly focused on modelling and tracking public sentiment. In this work, we move one step further to interpret sentiment variations. We observed that emerging topics (named foreground topics) within the sentiment variation periods are highly related to the genuine reasons behind the variations. Proposed work that tries to analyze and interpret the public sentiment variations in micro blogging services. Two novel generative models are developed to solve the reason mining problem. The two proposed models are general: they can be applied to other tasks such as finding topic differences between two sets of documents. We propose a sentimental data analysis model using Neural Networks. Both positive and negative feed backs will be calculated here. These foreground topics can give potential interpretations of the sentiment variations. To further enhance the readability of the mined reasons, we select the most representative tweets for foreground topics and develop another generative model called Reason Candidate and Background LDA (RCB-LDA) to rank them with respect to their popularity within the variation period.
Who gets the HANPP (Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production)? Biomass distribution and the bio-economy in the Tana Delta, Kenya

The Tana Delta, on the east coast of Kenya near Somalia, comprises riverine mangrove forests, wetlands and rangelands and is home to a range of indigenous pastoralist, farmer and fisher communities, whose traditional multi-user livelihood strategies have helped preserve exceptional local biodiversity. This study assesses conflicts over biomass through an analysis of Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (HANPP), an indicator used by system ecologists that quantifies human-induced changes on the productivity and harvest of biomass flows. HANPP is calculated by seeing how much of the net primary production (NPP) of biomass flows created through solar energy are appropriated by human activity, and how much is left in the ecosystems for other species. In this article we introduce calculations of the HANPP in political ecology by studying not only the distribution of biomass between humans and non-humans but also (and this is the main point) between different groups or social classes of humans. We also ask what alliances are being made to protect biodiversity and keep livelihoods intact. In a sugar cane plantation economy, biomass production and the proportion appropriated by humans may increase, the Orma pastoralists and the Pokomo farmers would be dispossessed, less biomass would be available for local 'wild' biodiversity, and a much larger proportion of the NPP would be exported as sugar or ethanol. Key words: Human appropriation of biomass; bioeconomy; biodiversity; property rights; pastoralists; sugar cane; wetlands.
Hydrological Process Analysis in Earth Dams Using the PCSiWaPro® as a Basis for Stability Analysis

Earth dam is always a safety issue, as it can experience catastrophic destruction due to the slope failure caused by various factors, such as water content increasing in earth slopes, vegetation root decay and so on. This study is to investigate the variation of hydrological processes in the saturated and partially saturated slopes with a new simulation program PCSiWaPro (a computer aided leachate forecast tool) under transient boundary conditions. The integration of a weather generator inside the PCSiWaPro allows a transient water flow calculation with respect to atmospheric conditions (precipitation, daily mean temperature and sunshine duration) and removal of water by plant roots and leaves. The simulation results of one scenario in a Chinese earth dam clearly demonstrate a good applicability of the program PCSiWaPro .
Exploring Cyberlockers Content

As the bandwidth of Internet rises by ISPs, the proportion of different Internet traffics and underlying used service has changed. There is about 20% decrease of the P2P traffic compared to an increase of more than 10% of the traffic of direct file sharing service through cyberlockers. In this paper we present a recent study over four cyberlockers: Rapidgator, Speedyshare, 1Fichier and Megashares. Compared to prior studies, we apply a bias-free sampling method to randomly gather hosted files on the four cyberlockers. We aim at giving a statistic study to find out the characteristics of the hosted files on cyberlockers. In our work, we analyse and estimate the total number of files and the total size of files on the four cyberlockers. We specifically discuss the size and number distributions of hosted files in file format and file content classifications. Our results show that different cyberlockers have different number and size distributions, but on most cyberlockers split- compressed files and uncompressed files take a relative large part of the volume. Additionally, the content classification analyse results show that users on different cyberlockers have different usage preferences. Rapidgator inclines to entertainment usage; Speedyshare and 1Ficher incline to personal and entertainment usage; Megashares inclines to entertainment and professional usage. And most of them like to upload series files.
Biosensors based on piezoelectric transducers

The development of immunosensors based on piezoelectric transducers is widely investigated due to their attractive applications in mass sensitive detection [1, 2]. The most classical transducer is based on the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), adapted to the liquid medium, which gives a direct response signal which characterizes the binding event between a sensitive layer, grafted onto the surface transducer, and the analyte to be detected. This kind of transducers offers many applications and an increasing number of publications illustrates this phenomena [3]. However, for small biomolecule detection under minute concentration it is quite difficult to obtain an observable and direct signal. This is mainly due to the lack of mass sensitivity of the commonly used QCM as they are generally built with 5 to 10 MHz quartz crystals. For solving this problem, attemps were made by increasing the working frequencies of the devices as, in general, the mass sensitivity increseases at the same time. Several possibilities were examined : either by using classical QCM with a smaller crystal thickness which increased the resonant frequency or by developping interdigitated piezoelectric devices at higher working frequencies. Various mass sensitivities will be calculated in order to compare the mass sensitivities of the different piezoelectric transducers. Moreover, we insists on the part played by other physico-chemical effects than the mass and which affect the piezoelectric response.
Molecular cloning, characterization and transcriptional variability study of resistance gene candidates from wild Curcuma spp. for resistance against Pythium aphanidermatum.

The genetic base of preferred turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) genotypes has eroded due to their continuous domestication through exclusive vegetative routes thus making them highly susceptible to various pests and pathogens. Molecular cloning of resistance related sequences from wild genotypes can result in efficient turmeric improvement by evolving more effective resistance specificities compared to cultigens. In this study, a PCR mediated approach has been made using degenerate primers designed on conserved region (P-loop and GLPL) of the NBS domain from R-genes that provides the source for cloning analogous sequences called resistance gene candidates (RGCs) from three wild turmeric- Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma angustifolia and Curcuma zedoaria. Twenty-one wild turmeric RGCs were isolated and grouped into four phenetic classes. A strong amino acid identity ranging from 41 to 53% together with presence of internal conserved motifs provided evidence that the isolated RGCs belong to the non-toll interleukin receptor (non-TIR) NBS-LRR R-gene sub-family. Southern hybridization showed a high copy representation of turmeric RGCs. Expression variability of wild turmeric RGCs was analyzed through reverse transcription PCR in root tissues of the three wild turmeric plants resistant or susceptible to Pythium aphanidermatum. Cap12 and Can12 showed a constitutive expression in both resistant and susceptible plants of Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma angustifolia respectively while Czp11 expression was realized only in Pythium aphanidermatum resistant lines of Curcuma zedoaria as well as Curcuma longa L. This result can pave way towards the identification and characterization of a potential Pythium aphanidermatum resistance gene in turmeric.
Seven Level Inverter Based Shunt Hybrid ActivePower Filter Topology for Harmonic Reduction

This paper presents a three-phase asymmetric cascaded seven level inverter (ACSLI) based Shunt Hybrid Active Power Filter (SHAPF) topology for harmonic reduction in medium voltage test system (MVTS). The proposed SHAF topology consists of ACSLI based shunt active power filter (SAPF) and shunt passive filters (SPF) connected in parallel with the load. The SHAPF topology compensates harmonic currents drawn by non-linear load. The compensation process is based on concept of synchronous reference frame theory (SRFT) used for reference compensation current estimation, carrier switching frequency sub-harmonic pulse width modulation (CSFSHPWM) for generating switching signals for ACSLI, fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for maintaining DC bus capacitor voltage constant. Three types of shunt passive filters namely single tuned, double tuned and high pass filter are used individually for enhancing the harmonic filtering performance of ACSLI based SAPF. The proposed SHAPF topology is validated through MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation for MVTS and the results were presented.
Novel Approach for Neighbourhood-based Collaborative Filtering

Recommender systems hold an integral part in online marketing. It plays an important role for the websites that provide the users an environment to rate and review the products. Several methods can be used to make recommender systems, like content-based filtering, collaborative filtering [1], hybrid approach, which combines content-based as well as collaborative filtering. Collaborative filtering is the most widely used technique to deal with recommender systems. Matrix factorization and neighbourhood approach are the techniques that can be used while dealing with collaborative filtering. Both the methods depends on the ratings that the user has provided in the past. Here we concentrate on neighbourhood approach. Neighbourhood approach depends on the similarity between items [4] or similarity between users [5], depending on which prediction for an unrated item can be made. The similarity between users or similarity between items can be computed to provide recommendations. Some of the widely used techniques are the Pearson correlation, cosine-based similarity, adjusted cosine, etc. In this thesis a new approach to find similarity between items is used, here the similarity between items is calculated using a modified singularity measure. In this approach, the singularity of ratings provided by each user is taken into consideration [2]. By, using this method recommendation can be found with greater efficiency compared to other existing algorithms as this technique uses the contextual information present in the data.
Tin Sulfide Nanoparticle Synthesis from Waste Waters

Tin and its derivatives are extensively used in modern technology tools which lead requirement for development of green methods for its waste management and profitable recycling. Presence of tin in water bodies causes enormous environmental concern due to its acute toxicity to living beings. We demonstrate a simple and zero emission process for extraction of tin ions from aqueous solution using dithiocarbamate-based copolymer and its single step quantitative recovery and transformation into SnS nanoparticles. The polymer shows high metal extraction capacity, 1.06 g SnCl2 per gram of polymer. The polymer metal composite and SnS nanoparticles are analyzed using TEM, FTIR, XRD spectroscopy techniques. The FTIR shows formation of Sn-S bonding in the polymer metal composite. This study has implication for cost effective and green approach for purification of water and waste management.
Modelling the RESS: Describing Electrical Parameters of Batteries and Electric Double-Layer Capacitors through Measurements

Being able to predict the behaviour of Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems (RESS) such as batteries and Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC) relies on the models used to represent them. Research on the development and enhancement of these models is performed on two tracks: on one hand by defining the model topology, where a trade-off is sought between the reduction of components in the model equivalent scheme and the ability of the model to describe all potential system behaviour and, on the other hand by improving the method of calculating the magnitudes of the different components in the model. The storage devices examined in this paper are divided in two groups, electrochemical devices and electrical double layer capacitors. The first group consists of lead-acid, lithium, Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries. The second group comprises of Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC). For every model used to describe a battery or EDLC, different techniques are implemented to calculate the magnitude of the components. The work presented in this paper will elaborate to the calculating method used in NREL's FreedomCAR test-manual adapted to fit different battery- and EDLC models. This method consists of an iterative approach to the equations of the model using data gathered from performing tests on the battery or supercapacitor. Validation of the models obtained through this calculating method will be done by performance tests on the storage devices. As the models of batteries and supercapacitors are a key aspect in the simulation software for hybrid-vehicles more accurate models result in more accurate simulations. These simulation programs depend upon the underlying component models, the data generated by which determines the accuracy of the program's data-output. The availability of reliable storage RESS models will thus be a key element in to allow overall vehicle modelling.
Electron transport properties in ZnO nanowire array/nanoparticle composite dye-sensitized solar cells

A significant improvement of the efficiency of the ZnO nanowire (NW) dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been achieved by the chemical bath deposition of the dense nanoparticles (NPs) within the interstices of the vertical ZnO-NW anode. Impedance analyses of the electron transports in DSSCs reveal that the effective diffusion coefficient of an electron in the ZnO-NW array/NP composite anode falls between those in the ZnO-NW and TiO2-NP anodes. The superior performance of the ZnO-NW array/NP composite DSSC to the ZnO-NW cell is mainly ascribed to the enrichment of the light harvesting without significantly sacrificing the electron transport efficiency.