Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Three-Dimensional Endoanal Ultrasound for Anal Fistula: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Anal fistula is a relatively common anorectal disease. An accurate assessment of the main anal fistula type and the anatomy of the internal opening before surgery is necessary to obtain the best surgical results. Whether three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS) should be used as the first-line diagnostic tool for anal fistula is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis of the published literature on 3D-EAUS and anal fistula, and compare the results of 3D-EAUS and surgery to evaluate the diagnostic value of 3D-EAUS for anal fistula. METHODS An online search of databases in English included PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. After the diagnostic accuracy of 3D-EAUS of all anal fistula types was integrated, a single-group rate meta-analysis was performed; we analyzed 3D-EAUS separately for the diagnosis of different anal fistula types, and conducted a meta-analysis of test accuracy. The analysis combined sensitivity, specificity, and the respective 95% CI, to draw a summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC), and estimate the area under curve (AUC). RESULTS Based on the inclusion criteria, we selected 8 studies covering 1057 cases of anal fistula and 548 cases of internal opening. The meta-analysis data show that 3D-EAUS has a total accuracy rate of 91% (95% CI, 88-94%). It has high sensitivity and specificity for different anal fistula classifications. The SROC curves for anal fistula internal openings were plotted, and the AUC was calculated to be 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89). CONCLUSIONS 3D-EAUS can be used as the first-line diagnostic tool for anal fistula, because it has a high diagnostic accuracy for most anal fistulas. However, due to the insufficient diagnostic accuracy of 3D-EAUS for complex fistulas, 3D-EAUS combined with MRI examination can be used to more accurately detect the secondary extension of complex fistulas, so as to describe the complete anatomy of the fistula in more detail.
Building Sportivity Through Appreciation of Tradition Peresean in Sasak Tribe Lombok

Ethnographic research is an in-depth study of natural behavior in a culture that aims to analyze and interpret elements of a cultural group in society. Data in the form of observations, interviews, surveys, and analyzes of written material or recordings were then analyzed using content analysis where the results of the study showed that through appreciation of the Peresean tradition in Sasak tribe Lombok, it can reveal the value of sportsmanship which is reflected in the attitude and behavior of the pereseanto show authority. and recognizing the superiority of the opponent and accepting defeat with a fairness. Keywords—Ethnographic, Content analysis, sportsmanship, tradition of Sasak peresehan
Recovery of Phosphorus from Waste Water Profiting from Biological Nitrogen Treatment: Upstream, Concomitant or Downstream Precipitation Alternatives

Mined phosphate rock is the largest source of phosphorus (P) for use in agriculture and agro-industry, but it also is a finite resource irregularly distributed around the world. Alternatively, waste water is a renewable source of P, available at the local scale. In waste water treatment, biological nitrogen (N) removal is applied according to a wide range of variants targeting the abatement of the ammonium content. Ammonium oxidation to nitrate can also be considered to mitigate ammonia emission, while enabling N recovery. This review focuses on the analysis of alternatives for coupling biological N treatment and phosphate precipitation when treating waste water in view of producing P-rich materials easily usable as fertilisers. Phosphate precipitation can be applied before (upstream configuration), together with (concomitant configuration), and after (downstream configuration) N treatment; i.e., chemically induced as a conditioning pre-treatment, biologically induced inside the reactor, and chemically induced as a refining post-treatment. Characteristics of the recovered products differ significantly depending on the case studied. Currently, precipitated phosphate salts are not typified in the European fertiliser regulation, and this fact limits marketability. Nonetheless, this topic is in progress. The potential requirements to be complied by these materials to be covered by the regulation are overviewed. The insights given will help in identifying enhanced integrated approaches for waste water treatment, pointing out significant needs for subsequent agronomic valorisation of the recovered phosphate salts, according to the paradigms of the circular economy, sustainability, and environmental protection.
Reverse Genetic Systems for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Leviphages

Reverse genetic systems for RNA viruses are the platforms to introduce mutations into the RNA genomes and thus have helped understand their life cycle and harness them for human purposes to develop vaccines and delivery systems. These systems are based on the complementary DNA (cDNA) of the RNA viruses, whose transcripts derived from bacterial RNA polymerases act not only as the primary mRNA for phage protein synthesis, but also as the template for phage RNA replicases (aka. RNA-dependent RNA polymerases). Here, we present a protocol optimized for the small RNA phages of Leviviridae (i.e., leviphages) infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This protocol includes three fundamental steps: (i) Creation of a promoter-fused cDNA, (ii) generation of a clone into mini-Tn7-based vector, and (iii) introduction of the clone into non-susceptible hosts. As the representative example, we describe the reverse genetic system for PP7, which infects a set of P. aeruginosa strains such as PAO1. The cDNA was fused to the T7 promoter, which was cloned in mini-Tn7-Gm. This construct was introduced into P. aeruginosa PAK and E. coli HB101. Functional assembly of PP7 phages from the culture supernatants were assessed by plaque formation on PAO1 and the phage particles were observed under transmission microscope. We found that the host cells should be cultured at 30 °C for the maximal phage production (~1012 pfu/mL). The reverse genetic systems will provide a new insight into the life cycle of the RNA phages and help develop engineered variants with new traits for phage applications regarding selective diagnosis and efficient therapy.
Bleomycin modulates amyloid aggregation in β-amyloid and hIAPP

Aberrant misfolding and amyloid aggregation, which result in amyloid fibrils, are frequent and critical pathological incidents in various neurodegenerative disorders. Multiple drugs or inhibitors have been investigated to avert amyloid aggregation in individual peptides, exhibiting sequence-dependent inhibition mechanisms. Establishing or inventing inhibitors capable of preventing amyloid aggregation in a wide variety of amyloid peptides is quite a daunting task. Bleomycin (BLM), a complex glycopeptide, has been widely used as an antibiotic and antitumor drug due to its ability to inhibit DNA metabolism, and as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors. In this study, we investigated the dual inhibitory effects of BLM on Aβ aggregation, associated with Alzheimer's disease and hIAPP, which is linked to type 2 diabetes, using both computational and experimental techniques. Combined results from drug repurposing and replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that BLM binds to the β-sheet region considered a hotspot for amyloid fibrils of Aβ and hIAPP. BLM was also found to be involved in β-sheet destabilization and, ultimately, in its reduction. Further, experimental validation through in vitro amyloid aggregation assays was obtained wherein the fibrillar load was decreased for the BLM-treated Aβ and hIAPP peptides in comparison to controls. For the first time, this study shows that BLM is a dual inhibitor of Aβ and hIAPP amyloid aggregation. In the future, the conformational optimization and processing of BLM may help develop various efficient sequence-dependent inhibitors against amyloid aggregation in various amyloid peptides.
Early life history of fishes and zooplankton availability in a Neotropical floodplain: predator–prey functional relationships

The variations in the abundance of fish larvae can be dependent on the availability and population dynamics of their prey. Thus, our goal was to investigate the predator–prey relationship by analyzing the occurrence and diets of Hypophthalmus oremaculatus and Plagioscion squamosissimus larvae (zooplanktivorous predators) as well as the availability of their prey (zooplankton). We carried out monthly samplings of larvae and zooplankton. The predator–prey concentrations significantly temporally varied among months, and abundance peaks only synchronized between P. squamosissimus and the potential Cladocera and Copepoda prey. Hypophthalmus oremaculatus consumed and strongly selected Cladocera and Rotifera, while P. squamosissimus selectively based its diet on Cladocera and Copepoda. Functional relationships were found for P. squamosissimus and the consumed Cladocera and Copepoda prey. Our initial hypothesis of a predator–prey functional relationship was confirmed for P. squamosissimus, and this synchronism indicates high reproductive and feeding flexibility in this species. Hypophthalmus oremaculatus did not show a relationship with the concentrations of any of its prey, which may be associated with morphological and environmental constraints.
Transcatheter Treatment of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation

Since the successful application of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in 2002, the interventional treatment of valvular heart disease has developed rapidly. The interventional treatment of aortic valve stenosis or insufficiency has been more mature, and many new-generation TAVI valves have been developed. The recommended level of TAVI technology in the European and American heart valve disease guidelines has increased year by year. In 2019, the multi-center randomized controlled study on patients with low-risk aortic stenosis and conventional aortic valve replacement also showed the advantages of interventional treatment technology, such as small trauma, fast recovery and less complications, and better hemodynamics, which greatly promoted the development of TAVI technology.
Modeling Yields Response to Shading in the Field-to-Forest Transition Zones in Heterogeneous Landscapes

In crop modeling and yield predictions, the heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes is usually not accounted for. This heterogeneity often arises from landscape elements like forests, hedges, or single trees and shrubs that cast shadows. Shading from forested areas or shrubs has effects on transpiration, temperature, and soil moisture, all of which affect the crop yield in the adjacent arable land. Transitional gradients of solar irradiance can be described as a function of the distance to the zero line (edge), the cardinal direction, and the height of trees. The magnitude of yield reduction in transition zones is highly influenced by solar irradiance—a factor that is not yet implemented in crop growth models on a landscape level. We present a spatially explicit model for shading caused by forested areas, in agricultural landscapes. With increasing distance to forest, solar irradiance and yield increase. Our model predicts that the shading effect from the forested areas occurs up to 15 m from the forest edge, for the simulated wheat yields, and up to 30 m, for simulated maize. Moreover, we estimated the spatial extent of transition zones, to calculate the regional yield reduction caused by shading of the forest edges, which amounted to 5% to 8% in an exemplary region.
Replying to “Questions and Concerns Re: Blue Water Footprints Reported in “Water Footprint of Meat Analogs: Selected Indicators According to Life Cycle Assessment””

In 2019, we published a study focused on the quantification of several indicators related to the water footprint of meat analogs. Recently, a comment requesting clarification of specific data that were reported in our study was published. The present reply addresses their questions. We justified the high volume of water consumed in the production of the meat analogs’ ingredients, the observed differences between our data and those reported for other plant-based products and the information we had reported in our original manuscript that was obtained from secondary sources in the scientific literature. We anticipate that our responses address the questions that were raised.
Research on Visual Reasoning Model Based on Active Learning

: Nowadays, the visual reasoning model has been able to answer complex questions that cannot be answered by the visual question answering model on the CLEVR dataset. However, most visual reasoning models require a large amount of data for strongly supervised learning, which is easy to increase the cost of data labeling. In addition, these approaches will lead to over-fitting, thereby reducing the generalization performance of the model. To solve the above problem, in this paper, we propose a novel model combined with active learning. It utilizes active learning to select the most informative and representative sample as the training data efficiently and accurately. Therefore, fewer samples can be employed to train a visual inference model to obtain higher accuracy and better generalization ability. The experimental results from three aspects show the effectiveness of the proposed approach with active learning for the visual reasoning model.
‘It’s not like she’s from another planet’: Undoing gender/redoing policy in mixed football

Competitive sport is often a gender-segregated activity underpinned by binary thinking that associates sporting talent with masculinity. In response to political, internal and grassroots activism, the English Football Association conducted a series of pilots to ascertain whether they should raise the age limit for competitive mixed football from Under-11 to Under-14. This paper presents an analysis of these trials using the concepts of accountability, doing and undoing gender to explore participants’ support for policy change, and the ways that normative notions of gender were negotiated, reproduced and disrupted during the trials. Typical rationale for segregating sports which constitute gender accountability frameworks such as physical differences between boys and girls, perceived differences in ability, and concerns about risk of injury for girls were undone as girls demonstrated they could make the team, enjoy the experience and develop their skills in a safe environment. Key arguments in favour of mixed football included the benefit to female players, the importance of friendships between boys and girls, and the similarities in boys’ and girls’ footballing skills. Support for mixed football and policy change reflected participants’ expectations that girls should be assessed on their capacity to play football and ‘fit in’ rather than expectations of gender difference. This article contributes to the limited research on mixed competitive youth sport and provides unique insights into gender-based policy change.
Nutritional Condition of Hybrid Nestlings Is Similar To That of Pure-Species Offspring of Spotted Eagles (Clanga clanga × C. pomarina)

Abstract Hybridization, the interbreeding of different species, plays an important role in several evolutionary processes but can have detrimental effects on the species involved, including extinction. We documented increased levels of hybridization between two Clanga species (Lesser Spotted Eagle [Clanga pomarina] and Greater Spotted Eagle [C. clanga]), following a drastic change in the water regime of their habitats in the Biebrza River Valley, Poland. Due to broader combined food-niches of the parent species, we hypothesized that hybrid nestlings should have similar or better nutritional condition when compared to the nestlings of the pure-species pairs. Ptilochronology of the feathers of 119 nestlings (54 Lesser Spotted Eagle, 42 Greater Spotted Eagle, 23 hybrids), and a comparison of the growth and fault bars among the groups suggested a similarity in their nutritional status. However, the number of fault bars present underscored an existing problem in feeding conditions for both pure and hybrid species, which is probably an effect of environmental changes, particularly in the water regime, in the Biebrza River Valley. Our results suggest that hybrid nestlings are potentially available for recruitment into the breeding populations of the two sibling species and their hybrids, although their fertility has yet to be thoroughly investigated. The evolutionary consequences could be a coalescing of the species into one with more generalist environmental requirements that will allow better exploitation of the changing habitats.
Systemic Planning (SP): A Generic Framework for Complex Decision Making

Résumé : The generic framework for planning and decision support presented in this paper and referred to as systemic planning (SP) is the result of research work carried out by the Decision Modelling Group at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). More specifically, SP theory and methodology development has interchanged with practical application and testing of SP in a number of cases. SP is based on combining and operationalising five different systems thinking approaches: functional, interpretive, emancipatory, post-modern and complexity-oriented that are seen to span current systems thinking. These approaches are behind five formulated modes of enquiry (MOEs) that make up some of the iteratively interwoven steps in a formulated SP process, which is assisted by a study-specific subset of methods. These are selected from a toolbox of seven soft (qualitative) and seven hard (quantitative) operations research (OR) methods. The paper is disposed as follows: After an introduction that outlines the five systems thinking approaches and their MOEs, the paper presents SP in an overview as concerns process and tools and SP as a group proces. Then follows an application example where the potential of SP is demonstrated on the planning of a large transport infrastructure case concerning the Rail Baltica transport project, which is part of the EU’s North Sea Baltic TEN-T corridor. The case shows how issues around growth and sustainability need to be explicitly considered in the planning of large new transport infrastructure. Finally, following a discussion of the main features of SP, some findings and a perspective are stated.
Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Clavulina sp. (Cantharellales: Clavulinaceae)

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Clavulina sp. was sequenced and assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome of Clavulina sp. contains 20 protein-coding (PCG) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 25 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The total size of the Clavulina sp. complete mitochondrial genome is 31,816 bp, with the GC content of 27.72%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the mitochondrial genome of Clavulina sp. exhibited a close relationship with that of the genus Cantharellus.
AN INVESTIGATION OF CONSUMER BRAND ENGAGEMENT ANTECEDENTS ON IPHONE SMARTPHONE USERS

Objective: This research provide evidence that there are significant and positive influences between the three main predictors of CBE (Consumer Brand Engagement) namely consumer involvement, consumer participation, and self-expressive brand on the three dimensions of CBE namely cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Research Design & Methods: This quantitative research is using purposive sampling combined with snowball sampling method to collect data from 295 respondents which are Iphone users/consumers at several location in Indonesia. Structural Equation Modeling - AMOS is also used to test the nine hypothesis. Findings: six of nine research hypothesis are significantly and positively supported between analyzed variables. Meanwhile, the other three hypothesis aren’t supported. Implications & Recommendations: Based on the findings, it can be stated that for the Apple Inc., as the owner of Iphone brand, they should give more experience, encourage participation, and emotional relation to their consumers as they continue using the products. Ideas, critics, and suggestion from consumers is also important factors to the brand. Contribution & Value Added: This research provides insight to understand CBE dimensions and its antecedents on Iphone smartphone brand which are consumers involvement, consumer participation, and self-expressive brand on cognitive processing, affection, and activation.
The Role of Biosensor in Climate Smart Organic Agriculture toward Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability

The application of climate smart agriculture technique has been identified as an important aspect in proffering solutions for most of the challenges to climate change mitigation as well as environmental and agricultural sustainability. Several biosensors and biosensing machineries such as nanoparticles/nanomaterials, polymers and microbes built-biosensors as well as their applications are now being used in most part of the world for solving some of the challenges in agricultural activities, food production and its sustainability. However, it is significant to assimilate multi-faceted methods for sustainable development of more effective biosensors that can possibly be used for diverse applications especially in the area of climate smart organic/biological agriculture for environmental sustainability. Smart monitoring employing biosensors will ensure that biochemical and other categories of contaminants are kept at bay from conceding the quality and safety of food via the mitigation of pest and pathogens that could affect agricultural produce. Hence, this study will attempt to provide an overview of what has been done from previous studies on biosensing technologies and their wide application in climate smart organic/biological agriculture as well as their role in environmental sustainability, and this will assist in proffering useful suggestions for future research studies as future contribution to knowledge for the advancement in agricultural and environmental sustainability.
Industrial espionage revisited: Host country–foreign multinational corporation legal disputes and the postcolonial imagery

In this article, we take a postcolonial management approach to exploring the lingering significance of postcolonial imagery in shaping legal disputes between host country and foreign multinational corporations. We apply a critical discourse analysis to the Korea versus Orbotech industrial espionage lawsuit, in which the Korean government accused a foreign multinational corporation of leaking its ‘national core technology’. Through this analysis we demonstrate how industrial espionage discourse was used to fight Korea’s negative reputation as a technological imitator, associate Korea with global technological leaders, and disassociate itself from other ‘imitators’. In response, Orbotech’s industrial espionage discourse has aimed to reproduce Korea’s imitator stigma. Our findings highlight the continual role of the imagined North/South and West/rest symbolic boundaries in constructing global business hierarchies even when the marginalized party—Korea—has already moved to the elite economies club. While international management studies rarely address industrial espionage beyond its technical meaning, we underline the embeddedness of industrial espionage as a discourse in maintaining and disrupting the geopolitical business landscape.