Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Restoration of prosocial behavior in rats after heroin self-administration via chemogenetic activation of the anterior insular cortex

ABSTRACT The anterior insular cortex (AIC) mediates various social, emotional, and interoceptive components of addiction. We recently demonstrated a disruption of prosocial behavior following heroin self-administration in rats, as assessed by examining the animals’ propensity to rescue its cagemate from a plastic restrainer while having simultaneous access to heroin. To examine the possibility that heroin-induced deficits in prosocial function are mediated by the AIC, the present study examined the effects of chemogenetic activation or inhibition of excitatory AIC pyramidal neurons on heroin-induced prosocial deficits. After establishment of baseline rescuing behavior, rats received bilateral infusions of viral vectors encoding either a control virus (AAV-CaMKIIα-GFP), stimulatory DREADD (AAV-CaMKIIα-hM3Dq-mCherry) (Experiment 1), or inhibitory DREADD (AAV-CaMKIIα-hM4Di-mCherry) (Experiment 2), into the AIC. Rats were then allowed to self-administer heroin (0.06 mg/kg/infusion) 6 hr/day for 2 weeks. Prior to re-assessment of prosocial behavior, animals were administered clozapine-N-oxide (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) to assess the effects of chemogenetic activation or inhibition of the AIC. Relative to control animals, chemogenetic activation of the AIC reversed deficits in rescuing behavior induced by heroin, whereas chemogenetic inhibition of the AIC had no effect. We hypothesize that stimulatory neuromodulation of the AIC may be a novel approach for restoring prosociality in opiate abuse.
Active Travel of Czech and Polish Adolescents in Relation to Their Well-Being: Support for Physical Activity and Health

The adoption of active travel (AT) habits in adolescence, supported by positive emotions, increases the chances of a lifelong positive attitude towards AT. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between active travel and well-being (WB), and to estimate the share of AT in weekly physical activity (PA) and its contribution to meeting the weekly PA recommendations in adolescents. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire—long form and the WHO-5 questionnaire were used to assess the level of AT, weekly PA and well-being of 2805 adolescents from 36 Czech and 39 Polish schools. A higher rate of AT is only significantly associated with higher well-being in girls. However, meeting AT recommendations in combination with higher WB increased the likelihood of meeting the weekly PA recommendations in both girls and boys. AT accounts for 22.5% of weekly PA of Czech (Polish 24.2%) boys. Concerning girls, it accounts for 24.9% of weekly PA in the Czech Republic and 24.5% in Poland. Meeting AT recommendations should be part of comprehensive school-based PA programs. State, school and municipal policies in the Central European region should pay more attention to the improvement of WB and the built environment for AT in secondary school adolescents.
Direct Precipitation of Lignin Nanoparticles from Wheat Straw Organosolv Liquors Using a Static Mixer

Micro- and nanosize lignin shows improved properties compared to standard lignin available today and has been gaining interest in recent years. Lignin is the largest renewable resource with an aromatic skeleton on earth but it is used for relatively low-value applications. Lignin in micro- to nanoscale; however, could facilitate rather valuable applications. Current production methods consume high amounts of solvents for purification and precipitation. The process investigated in this work uses the direct precipitation of lignin nanoparticles from organosolv pretreatment extract in a static mixer and can reduce solvent consumption drastically. The pH value, ratio of antisolvent to organosolv extract and flowrate in the mixer were investigated as precipitation parameters in terms of the resulting particle properties. Particles with dimensions ranging from 97.3 to 219.3 nm could be produced, and at certain precipitation parameters, carbohydrate impurities reach values as low as in purified lignin particles. Yields were found independent of the precipitation parameters with 48.2 ± 4.99%. Results presented in this work can be used to optimize precipitation parameters with emphasis on particle size, carbohydrate impurities or the solvent consumption.
Solar Cell Applications of Solution-Processed AgInGaSe2 Thin Films and Improved Properties by Sodium Doping

Binary nanoparticle inks comprising Ag2Se, In2Se3, and Ga2Se3 were fabricated via a wet ball-milling method and were further used to fabricate AgInGaSe2 (AIGS) precursors by sequentially spraying the inks onto a Mo-coated substrate. AIGS precursors were annealed under a Se atmosphere for 1 h at 570 °C. Na2Se thin layers of varying thicknesses (0, 5, 10, and 20 nm) were vacuum-evaporated onto the Mo layer prior to the AIGS precursors being fabricated to investigate the influence on AIGS solar cells. Sodium plays a critical role in improving the material properties and performance of AIGS thin-film solar cells. The grain size of the AIGS films was significantly improved by sodium doping. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy illustrated slight surficial sodium segregation and heavy sodium segregation at the AIGS/Mo interface. Double-graded band profiles were observed in the AIGS films. With the increase in Na2Se thickness, the basic photovoltaic characteristics of the AIGS solar cells were significantly improved. The highest solar cell conversion efficiency of 6.6% (open-circuit voltage: 775.6 mV, short-circuit current: 15.5 mA/cm2, fill factor: 54.9%, area: 0.2 cm2) was obtained when the Na2Se thickness was 20 nm.
Rac2 Regulates the Migration of T Lymphoid Progenitors to the Thymus during Zebrafish Embryogenesis

Key Points Rac2 controls T lymphoid progenitor migration towards the thymus. The Pak1–AKT pathway mediates Rac2 regulation of T lymphoid progenitor homing. The caudal hematopoietic tissue in zebrafish, the equivalent to the fetal liver in mammals, is an intermediate hematopoietic niche for the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells before homing to the thymus and kidney marrow. As one of the ultimate hematopoietic organs, the thymus sustains T lymphopoiesis, which is essential for adaptive immune system. However, the mechanism of prethymic T lymphoid progenitors migrating to the thymus remains elusive. In this study, we identify an Rho GTPase Rac2 as a modulator of T lymphoid progenitor homing to the thymus in zebrafish. rac2-Deficient embryos show the inability of T lymphoid progenitors homing to the thymus because of defective cell–autonomous motility. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Rac2 regulates homing of T lymphoid progenitor through Pak1-mediated AKT pathway. Taken together, our work reveals an important function of Rac2 in directing T lymphoid progenitor migration to the thymus during zebrafish embryogenesis.
Ponatinib Induces Vascular Toxicity through the Notch-1 Signaling Pathway

Ponatinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is the only approved TKI that is effective against T315I mutations in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Specific activation of Notch signaling in CML cells by ponatinib can be considered as the “on-target effect” on the tumor and represents a therapeutic approach for CML. Nevertheless, ponatinib-induced vascular toxicity remains a serious concern, with underlying mechanisms being poorly understood. We aimed to determine the mechanisms of ponatinib-induced vascular toxicity, defining associated signaling pathways and identifying potential rescue strategies. We exposed human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) to ponatinib or vehicle in the presence or absence of the neutralizing factor anti-Notch-1 antibody for exposure times of 0–72 h. Label-free proteomics and network analysis showed that protein cargo of HUVECs treated with ponatinib triggered apoptosis and inhibited vasculature development. We validated the proteomic data showing the inhibition of matrigel tube formation, an up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 and a downregulation of phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated eNOS. We delineated the signaling of ponatinib-induced vascular toxicity, demonstrating that ponatinib inhibits endothelial survival, reduces angiogenesis and induces endothelial senescence and apoptosis via the Notch-1 pathway. Ponatinib induced endothelial toxicity in vitro. Hyperactivation of Notch-1 in the vessels can lead to abnormal vascular development and vascular dysfunction. By hyperactivating Notch-1 in the vessels, ponatinib exerts an “on-target off tumor effect”, which leads to deleterious effects and may explain the drug’s vasculotoxicity. Selective blockade of Notch-1 prevented ponatinib-induced vascular toxicity.
Lack of miR‐1246 in small extracellular vesicle blunts tumorigenesis of laryngeal carcinoma cells by regulating Cyclin G2

Small extracellular vesicle (sEV) has precise impacts on tumor microenvironment and play vital functions in intercellular interaction. However, the functional role of sEV miRNA on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is largely unresolved. Here, the expression of miR‐1246 in LSCC tissues and plasma sEV was examined. The internalization ability of sEV was determined by uptake assay. Then, the source and purity of sEV were checked through RNase and/or pharmacological inhibitors application. The invasion, migration, proliferation, and cell cycle assays were used to determine the altered abilities of miR‐1246 in sEV in LSCC. Finally, target gene of miR‐1246, Cyclin G2 (CCNG2), was stained immunohistochemically. In addition, the relationship between CCNG2 and clinicopathological features of patients was analyzed. We found that miR‐1246 was higher in LSCC tissues and plasma sEV. MiR‐1246 was enriched in sEV rather than soluble form. SEV could be internalized into adjacent cells. Lack of miR‐1246 in sEV abrogated the tumorigenesis of LSCC. Furthermore, CCNG2 knockdown arrested the cell cycle and correlated to clinicopathological features and prognosis of LSCC patients. Taken together, we found that the function of sEV miR‐1246 by regulating CCNG2 is responsible for LSCC advancement with emphasis on the main source of miR‐1246 mainly root in sEV rather than in soluble form.
Species-level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas.

Traditionally, most studies have described the organization of host-parasite interaction networks by considering only few host groups at limited geographical extents. However, host-parasite relationships are merged within different taxonomic groups and factors shaping these interactions likely differ between host and parasite groups, making group-level differences important to better understand the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of these interactive communities. Here we used a dataset of 629 ectoparasite species and 251 species of terrestrial mammals, comprising 10 orders distributed across the Nearctic and Neotropical regions of Mexico to assess the species-level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas. Specifically, we evaluated whether body weight, geographic range size, and within-range mammal species richness (i.e., diversity field) predict mammal ectoparasite species richness (i.e., degree centrality) and their closeness centrality within the mammal-ectoparasite network. In addition, we also tested if the observed patterns differ among mammal orders and if taxonomic closely related host mammals could more likely share the same set of ectoparasites. We found that ectoparasite species richness of small mammals (mainly rodents) with large proportional range sizes was high compared to large-bodied mammals, whereas the diversity field of mammals had no predictive value (except for bats). We also observed that taxonomic proximity was a main determinant of the probability to share ectoparasite species. Specifically, the probability to share ectoparasites in congeneric species reached up to 90% and decreased exponentially as the taxonomic distance increased. Further, we also detected that some ectoparasites are generalists and capable to infect mammalian species across different orders and that rodents have a remarkable role in the network structure, being closely connected to many other taxa. Hence, because many rodent species have synanthropic habits they could act as undesired reservoirs of disease agents for humans and urban animals. Considering the reported worldwide phenomenon of the proliferation of rodents accompanying the demographic decrease or even local extinction of large-bodied mammal species, these organisms may already be an increasing health threat in many regions of the world.
Outcome of Oncology Patients Infected With Coronavirus

PURPOSE This study investigated the features of oncology patients with confirmed Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) at the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs-Riyadh during the outbreak of June 2015 to determine the clinical course and outcome of affected patients. METHODS The patients’ demographic information, cancer history, treatment pattern, information about MERS-coronavirus (CoV) infection, history of travel, clinical symptoms, test results, and outcome were collected and analyzed as part of a quality improvement project to improve the care and safety of our patients. Only patients with confirmed infection were included. RESULTS A total of 19 patients were identified, with a median age of 66 years (range, 16-88 years), and 12 patients (63%) were males. The most common underlying disease was hematologic malignancies (47.4%), followed by colorectal cancer (21%) and lung cancer (15.8%). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities (57.9% and 52.6%, respectively). Infection was diagnosed by nasopharyngeal swab in all patients. All patients contracted the infection during their hospitalization for other reasons. Sixteen patients (80%) were admitted to the intensive care unit; 13 patients (81%) had acute respiratory distress syndrome, 11 were intubated (68.75%), 9 had acute renal injury (56.25%), and 3 required dialysis (18.75%). Only 3 patients (15.8%) with early-stage cancers survived. Patients with hematologic malignancies and advanced solid tumors had a 100% case fatality rate. The majority of the causes of death were due to multi-organ failure and septic shock. CONCLUSION MERS-CoV infection resulted in a high case fatality rate in patients with malignancy. Therefore, it is critical to implement effective primary preventive measures to avoid exposure of patients with cancer to the virus.
Religious beliefs, social pressure, and stigma: Rural women’s perceptions and beliefs about vasectomy in Pwani, Tanzania

Despite being a reliable and cost effective family planning method, vasectomy remains underutilized in many low resource settings such as East Africa. We explored rural women’s perceptions and beliefs regarding barriers to vasectomy use in the low resource setting of Pwani, Tanzania. The qualitative study used in-depth semi-structured interviews to obtain data. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 20 married/cohabiting women with two or more children. Thematic analysis guided the data analysis, with qualitative data reporting informed by COREQ guidelines. Most participants were Muslim and had between two and six children. Most had completed primary-level education and were engaged in small-scale farming. We extracted three main themes with associated sub-themes:1) lack of education, which included men’s education levels and inadequate knowledge and misinformation 2) religious beliefs, social pressure and stigma, which included community stigma and the belief that vasectomy was not good for men with multiple wives; and 3) promoting men’s involvement in family planning which included educating men and the women’s perceived role in promoting vasectomy. Participating women perceived vasectomy uptake to be affected by a lack of low knowledge (among men, women, and the community), misinformation, and various sociocultural barriers. Efforts to promote vasectomy and male involvement in reproductive health services should be directed to addressing deeply-rooted sociocultural barriers. Women may have an essential role in encouraging their partners’ vasectomy uptake. In addition, engaging couples in family planning education is critical to enhance knowledge. Ideally, such community based education should be conducted in partnership with communities and healthcare providers.
Metagenomic Detection of Two Vientoviruses in a Human Sputum Sample

We used metagenomics to analyze one sputum sample from a patient with symptoms of a respiratory infection that yielded negative results for all pathogens tested. We detected two viral genomes that could be assembled and showed sequence similarity to redondoviruses, a recently described group within the CRESS-DNA viruses. One hundred sputum samples were screened for the presence of these viruses using specific primers. One sample was positive for the same two viruses, and another was positive for one of them. These findings raise questions about a possible role of redondoviruses in respiratory infections in humans.
Computable Cosmos

: This essay contrasts the Hayekian notion of spontaneous order with mathematically deducible and computationally attainable equilibria within economic systems, which are often the focus of general equilibrium analysis. My analysis focuses on the perspectives these two approaches to social systems take on the evolution of system configurations, which can be interpreted as equilibria, limiting ergodic distributions, attracting states, homeostatic orders, or simply states of the system. While Hayek’s notion of a spontaneous order is very broad, suggesting the impossibility of precise systematization of causal forces, equilibria are typically determinate as a result of a narrowly defined Walrasian definition. Combining elements of Hayekian spontaneous order with recent insights from computer science, I introduce the concept of a real-time concurrent computable equilibrium system, or computable cosmos. In contrast to agent-based computational models, computational cosmoi are endowed with the property of fundamental system indeterminacy, which originates from the concurrency of agent behaviour.
Molecular Epidemiological study on SAT2-FMD virus in the Nile basin countries

Foot and mouth disease virus is a highly contagious disease affecting wide range of animals characterized by high morbidity and low mortality. This virus has 7 serotypes, A, O, C, Asian, SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3. During 2012, Egypt was attacked by an outbreak of SAT2 serotype infection which implements more difficulties to control and overcome the FMD virus infection. Due to the dynamic status of the FMD virus and its reaction to the surrounding environment and the open accessibility of huge number of nucleotide sequences in FMD virus serotypes, the investigation of these serotypes based on the molecular characterizations that give more clear picture on the different alleles of SAT2 serotype circulating in certain geographical areas. The Nile basin countries are so closely related to each other due to sharing the same river and many economic ties. This study was concerned with mining and retrieving the different alleles of VP1 gene (SAT2-FMDV) from GeneBank by their accession numbers belonging to the Nile basin countries, 135 sequences was retrieved, aligned and analyzed using different bioinformatic tools. The results showed high degree of diversity between the different alleles of VP1 gene (SAT2-FMD virus).
CI--MO WRP amphibians 11-2-12.pub

 Optimum amphibian habitat should be defined at multiple spatial (e.g., within site, site, floodplain) and temporal (e.g., within a season, among seasons) scales such that a diversity of wetlands are present across the landscape representing a combination of wet, drying, or dry conditions as influenced by precipitation amounts, flood events, and drought; this will benefit the full suite of wetland-dependent species. Background Globally, amphibians have suffered dramatic population declines in the past 20 years with habitat destruction implicated as the primary cause. Wetland restoration that provides habitat on a landscape scale may buffer amphibian populations from additional stressors and prevent, stabilize, or reverse downward population trends (Semlitsch and Bodie 1998). Amphibians exploit a range of wetlands, from ephemeral to permanent, for a range of life history events. Use of a particular wetland is tied to each species’ ability to survive wetland drying and to coexist with predators, primarily fish and aquatic insects (Wellborn et al. 1996). A key element in amphibian conservation, therefore, involves not only protecting existing habitat but also restoring a critical mass of interconnected wetlands that range across the hydrological gradient (Semlitsch 2005).
Improving analysis and prediction of customer reviews using NLP and Bernoulli Classifier

— Customer feedback is important in improving the company's services, both in terms of intimacy and openness. Open-minded reviews mean comments, expressions, and direct comments from customers. However, companies have a variety of content or groups to evaluate with their scores and overall scores for the types of services that many customers are looking for. The problem is that some customers give points to reviews. Other reviewers must read the comments and provide feedback that is different from the rating. So this article offers analysis and forecasts from open customer reviews using the probability classifier. Classifiers will use case studies of hotels with customer reviews in open reviews for training data to group feedback on whether mining is a positive or negative feedback. Data mining, commenting or opinion analysis is a part of data mining. Data mining is a form of natural language processing used to record people's attitudes toward a particular subject or product. Most mining reviews give the category a positive, neutral or negative review. Recently, data mining reviews have been very successful due to the availability of enormous amounts of rich web resource reviews. Digital formats such as forums, discussion sites, blog reviews, etc. When using ecommerce websites, rudely increased the users not only. Instead of buying products on the site, but also providing feedback and suggestions that will benefit other users, compiled user reviews will be analyzed and organized to make better decisions.
Religious Minorities and Prejudice: Are Buddhist Minorities Prejudiced toward Other Minority Groups?

Previous research has found that East Asian (i.e. Buddhist) religiosity, unlike Western Christian religiosity, predicts tolerance toward other ethnic and religious groups. Nevertheless, studies in that field only investigated majority-minority relationships. Do Asian religious minorities remain tolerant toward other minority groups? In this study (N = 103), the relationship between religiosity and prejudice was investigated among Asians living in the West. Contrary to previous findings, East Asian religiosity related positively with prejudice against other ethnic (i.e. Africans) and religious (i.e. Muslims) minority groups. On the contrary, a marginal negative association was found between East Asian religiosity and prejudice against the dominant religious group: Christians. While tradition was the main predictor of ethnic prejudice when personality and values were controlled for, religiosity remained a significant predictor of inter-religious prejudice. To conclude, East Asian religious tolerance is not unlimited: When competing with other minority groups, East Asian religiosity is positively related to prejudice.