Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a 2DOF Inner Skeleton Robot for Forearm Motion Assist

A 2 degree of freedom (DOF) inner skeleton robot (i.e. power assisted artificial joint) that is designed to assist human elbow flexion-extension motion and forearm supination-pronation motion for daily life activities is proposed. This paper presents a prototype of inner skeleton robot that is supposed to assist the motion from inside the human body for the elderly or physically disabled persons and acts as an actuated artificial joint. The proposed system is controlled based on the activation patterns of the muscles electromyogram signals by applying an effective fuzzy-neuro control method. We have developed an actuator and introduce a T-mechanism for the proposed system. The proposed system can be expected to be an artificial joint for the future generation. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been evaluated by experiment
Speech Recognition using Neural Network

Speech recognition is a subjective phenomenon. Despite being a huge research in this field, this process still faces a lot of problem. Different techniques are used for different purposes. This paper gives an overview of speech recognition process. Various progresses have been done in this field. In this work of project, it is shown that how the speech signals are recognized using back propagation algorithm in neural network. Voices of different persons of various ages in a silent and noise free environment by a good quality microphone are recorded. Same sentence of duration 10-12 seconds is spoken by these persons. These spoken sentences are then converted into wave formats. Then features of the recorded samples are extracted by training these signals using LPC. Learning is required whenever we don’t have the complete information about the input or output signal. At the input stage, 128 samples of each sentence are applied, then through hidden layers these are passed to output layer. These networks are trained to perform tasks such as pattern recognition, decision making and motoric control.
Thirteen novel mutations in the factor VIII gene in the Nijmegen haemophilia A patient population

The development of neutralising antibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) is a major complication of haemophilia A (HA) therapy. We aimed to construct an individual risk profile for the development of inhibitors in HA and started by screening for the causative mutation in our HA patient population. A total of 109 patients and 28 carriers were screened. The analysis revealed 38 different mutations in the FVIII gene, of which 13 have not been described on the Haemophilia A Mutation, Search, Test and Resource Site (HAMSTeRS). Twenty‐five mutations have been reported previously and all except two had a similar phenotype to what has been described. Three novel mutations were associated with severe HA: one non‐missense mutation, a small insertion in the A2 domain, and two missense mutations, a H256R mutation in the A1 domain and a L2025P substitution in the C1 domain. One novel mutation, Y156C, was associated with moderate HA. Nine novel mutations caused mild HA. The P130R, D167E and V278M mutations are located in the A1 domain. R439C, Y511H, A544G and Q645H in the A2 domain, L1758F in the A3 domain and a S2157R mutation in the C1 domain. In conclusion, the genotypic profile of our HA population was not different from others described and is suitable to study inhibitor formation.
Kullback–Leibler Distance Methods for Detecting Disease Association with Rare Variants from Sequencing Data

Because next generation sequencing technology that can rapidly genotype most genetic variations genome, there is considerable interest in investigating the effects of rare variants on complex diseases. In this paper, we propose four Kullback–Leibler distance‐based Tests (KLTs) for detecting genotypic differences between cases and controls. There are several features that set the proposed tests apart from existing ones. First, by explicitly considering and comparing the distributions of genotypes, existence of variants with opposite directional effects does not compromise the power of KLTs. Second, it is not necessary to set a threshold for rare variants as the KL definition makes it reasonable to consider rare and common variants together without worrying about the contribution from one type overshadowing the other. Third, KLTs are robust to null variants thanks to a built‐in noise fighting mechanism. Finally, correlation among variants is taken into account implicitly so the KLTs work well regardless of the underlying LD structure. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrated good performance of KLTs compared to the sum of squared score test (SSU) and optimal sequence kernel association test (SKAT‐O). Moreover, application to the Dallas Heart Study data illustrates the feasibility and performance of KLTs in a realistic setting.
Innovative Approach to drive Floating Body Z-RAM® Embedded Memory to 32 nm and beyond

With each new technology node the challenges of building a robust, scalable embedded memory grow. This trend drives higher process complexity and cost as well as increased capital equipment investments to support the process. In this study, the zero capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) [A SOI Capacitor-less IT-DRAM Concept, Okhonin, Nagoga, Sallese, Fazan, 2001 IEEE International SOI Conference, pp.153-154. ] scalability path to 32 nm and beyond is compared to other embedded solutions. Z-RAM memory cell features and memory architecture are considered in this analysis.
FOCAL LASER ABLATION OF RETINAL ANGIOMATOUS PROLIFERATION

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of focal laser ablation of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) identified with clinical examination and high-speed indocyanine green (ICG) imaging in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Methods: In this retrospective, interventional case series, 16 consecutive eyes of 15 patients with macular degeneration and leakage from a stage I or II RAP lesion were identified. RAP lesions were identified using clinical examination and high-speed ICG imaging. High-speed ICG imaging was used to identify the intraretinal component of the lesion. RAP lesions were treated with a 100- to 200-&mgr;m green or yellow wavelength laser spot that was applied to completely ablate the intraretinal component of the lesion. In eyes with stage II lesions, the subretinal component of the lesion was not treated. Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity, optical coherence tomography retinal thickness, angiographic leakage, and progression of the angiomatous process shown by ICG imaging were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: Sixteen eyes underwent successful ablation of the RAP lesions with an average of 1.9 treatment sessions. At a mean follow-up of 15.5 months, 94% of eyes had stable or improved visual acuity. Only 6% of eyes had a loss of ≥3 lines of visual acuity. The average visual acuity at the last follow-up was 20/45 in the stage I lesion group and 20/160 in the stage II lesion group. Of the patients, 87.5% had a reduction in retinal edema and subretinal fluid, with 69% of patients having complete resolution of retinal edema and subretinal fluid; 14% of patients had progression to retinal choroidal anastomoses. No treatment complications were encountered. Conclusion: Focal laser photocoagulation of RAP lesions appears to be feasible. This treatment appears to be a safe method of managing the leakage from RAP. Treatment of solely the intraretinal component of the lesion may be adequate to control leakage. Treatment may allow the angiomatous process to be arrested, resulting in stabilization of visual acuity. Visual acuity results appear to be better for patients with early stage lesions.
Randomized phase I study of standard-fractionated or accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin and vindesine for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer: a report of Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG 9601).

BACKGROUND We attempted dose escalation of standard-fractionated and accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with concurrent cisplatin and vindesine to improve local control and survival in unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS Twenty-one patients were enrolled between June 1996 and August 1997. There were 19 males and two females and their median age was 65 years (range 45-74 years). Performance status was 0 in 10 cases and 1 in 11 cases. Disease stage was IIIA in three cases and IIIB in 18 cases. The cases were randomized to a standard-fractionated arm (n = 10) or an accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy arm (n = 11) with two or three cycles of concomitant cisplatin 80 mg/m(2) on day 1 and vindesine 3 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks in both arms. Dose escalation from 60 Gy/30 fractions/6 weeks to 70 Gy/35 fractions/7 weeks was planned in the standard-fractionated radiotherapy group and from 54 Gy/36 fractions/3.6 weeks to 60 Gy/40 fractions/4 weeks and then 66 Gy/44 fractions/4.4 weeks in the accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group. RESULTS Grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities were observed as follows: in the standard-fractionated/accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group, leukocytopenia 9/10, anemia 2/3 and thrombocytopenia 0/2. Grade 3 non-hematological toxicity consisted of esophagitis 0/3, increased serum total bilirubin 2/0 and hypoxia 0/1. Two patients died of radiation pneumonitis in the standard-fractionated radiotherapy group. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed in four of the 10 and seven of the 11 patients at initial dose level of standard-fractionated radiotherapy, 60 Gy/30 fractions/6 weeks, and of accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy, 54 Gy/36 fractions/3.6 weeks, respectively. Thus, we failed to escalate the dose of radiotherapy in both arms. The overall response rate in the standard-fractionated group and the accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group was 70 and 73% and the 1-year survival rate was 70 and 64%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that these schedules of radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin and vindesine were unacceptable for use in patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Further modifications of the schedule for radiotherapy and evaluation of combination with new chemotherapy are warranted.
Stochastic Variational Inference for Gaussian Process Latent Variable Models using Back Constraints

Gaussian process latent variable models (GPLVMs) are a probabilistic approach to modelling data that employs Gaussian process mapping from latent variables to observations. This paper revisits a recently proposed variational inference technique for GPLVMs and methodologically analyses the optimality and different parameterisations of the variational approximation. We investigate a structured variational distribution, that maintains information about the dependencies between hidden dimensions, and propose a mini-batch based stochastic training procedure, enabling more scalable training algorithm. This is achieved by using variational recognition models (also known as back constraints) to parameterise the variational approximation. We demonstrate the validity of our approach on a set of unsupervised learning tasks for texture images and handwritten digits.
Design Aspects of an Antenna-MMIC Interface Using a Stacked Patch at 71–86 GHz

A bond-wire-free interconnection between monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) and antenna using a stacked patch configuration is investigated. An edge-fed patch on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) MMIC chip drives a patch antenna integrated in the lid of the MMIC package. The lid is formed using a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate. The first implementation using a laminated multichip module (MCM-L) process is presented that covers the designated E-band spectrum for long-range wireless communications (71–86 GHz). Electromagnetic simulations and measurements of antenna radiation patterns agree well over the whole frequency range of interest. Important design aspects and manufacturing tolerances specific for the implementation of the interface in MCM-L millimeter-wave front-ends are presented. An alternative design is proposed for improved radiation patterns across the band.
Osmoregulation and Ionic Regulation in Hydra

1. Isolated tentacles of Hydra viridis were placed in solutions of sucrose of different known concentrations. In concentrations of sucrose greater than 0.04 M the tentacles shrank, and it was found that the ectoderm, endoderm, and enteron all contributed to this shrinkage. Both ectoderm and endoderm are highly permeable to water. Calculations suggest that the ectoderm cells are at least as permeable as various other cells which have been investigated by many workers. 2. Shrinkage of the tentacle was very slight in 0.05 M sucrose, and no shrinkage occurred in 0.04 M sucrose. It is therefore suggested that the internal osmotic pressure is equivalent to that of 0.04-0.05 M sucrose. 3. The uptake of the radioactive ions 24Na, 82Br, and 42K by Pelmatohydra oligactis has been investigated. All these ions are concentrated above the levels in the external medium. 4. The relations between internal and external concentrations have been determined for sodium and bromide. The internal sodium concentration is maintained at a steady level with external concentrations varying from 5.4 m.moles/l. to approximately 0.20 m.mole/l. The internal bromide level has been shown to fall as the external bromide decreases from 2.5 to 0.05 m.mole/l. Higher external bromide concentrations could not be used as the animals were not healthy in solutions containing more than 0.25 g. /l. NH4Br. The internal bromide is also shown to be depressed by the addition of chloride to the external solution. 5. The results obtained indicate that the cells of Hydra are highly permeable to water, and also capable of maintaining an internal concentration of certain ions well above that of the external medium. This requires some form of regulation of water content and of ionic content. In the case of the latter it is not at present possible to say whether it is an active uptake of cations or anions.
Quetiapine Fumarate for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Myelin Repair

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disorder that is associated with progressive oligodendrocyte and neuronal loss, axonal degeneration, and demyelination. Several medications that mitigate immune abnormalities reduce both the frequency of relapses and inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging, leading to improved outcomes for people with the relapsing–remitting form of MS. However, there are no treatments for the progressive forms of MS where neurons and axons continue to degenerate; here, neuroprotective therapies, or medications that rebuild myelin to confer axonal well‐being, may be useful. Quetiapine fumarate is an atypical antipsychotic with reported remyelinating and neuroprotective properties in inflammatory and noninflammatory models of demyelination, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and both cuprizone‐ and global cerebral ischemia‐induced demyelination. Preclinical studies suggest that quetiapine may exert these effects by stimulating proliferation and maturation of oligodendrocytes, releasing neurotrophic factors, increasing antioxidant defences, scavenging for free radicals, and inhibiting activated microglia, astrocytes, and T lymphocytes. Additionally, quetiapine may be beneficial for psychiatric and nonpsychiatric symptoms of MS including depression, anxiety, insomnia, and possibly even pain. These data indicate that clinical trials are justified to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of quetiapine fumarate in MS.
A CMOS digitized gas transducer with noise insensitivity for environmental monitoring of CO2 concentration

In this paper, a CMOS digitized gas transducer with noise insensitivity for environmental monitoring of CO2 concentration is newly proposed. Based upon the device parameters of 0.35 μm 2P4M CMOS technology with 3.0 V power supply, all the functions and performance of the proposed digitized gas transducer are successfully tested and proven through MATLAB in the behavior simulations and SPICE simulations. The chip area is 1.18 × 2.48 mm2. The proposed general-purpose chip is suitable for various gas environmental monitoring devices, such as CO2 concentration detecting instruments.
Hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis before 12 months of age and subsequent asthma, atopy and wheeze: A longitudinal birth cohort study

Several epidemiological studies have reported recurrent wheezing and asthma in children after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infancy. The relationship with allergic sensitization is less clear and recent evidence suggests an interaction between atopy and RSV infection in the development of asthma. Data from a large, population‐based, birth‐cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) were used to compare outcomes of children according to whether or not they had been admitted to hospital in the first 12 months with RSV‐proven bronchiolitis. Outcomes considered were 12‐month prevalence of wheeze at two ages (between 30–42 and 69–81 months), cumulative prevalence of doctor‐diagnosed asthma at 91 months and skin prick test defined atopy at 7 yr. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios for outcomes adjusted for potential confounders. A total of 150 infants (1.1% of the cohort) were admitted to hospital within 12 months of birth with RSV bronchiolitis. The prevalence of wheezing was 28.1% in the RSV group and 13.1% in controls at 30–42 months and 22.6% vs. 9.6% at 69–81 months. The cumulative prevalence of asthma was 38.4% in the RSV group and 20.1% in controls at 91 months. Atopy was found in 14.6% of the RSV group and in 20.7% of controls at 7 yr. RSV bronchiolitis was associated with subsequent wheezing between 30–42 (Odds ratio [95% CI] 2.3 [1.3, 3.9]) and 69–81 months (OR 3.5 [1.8, 6.6]) and with the cumulative prevalence of asthma at 91 months (OR 2.5 [1.4, 4.3]) but not with atopy (OR 0.7 [0.2, 1.7]). In a population‐based birth cohort, RSV bronchiolitis was associated with subsequent wheezing and asthma but not with the development of atopy by age 7 yr.
Visceral adiposity index as a predictor of clinical severity and therapeutic outcome of PCOS

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine-metabolic disease which often accompany with abnormal fat distribution. Visceral adiposity has association with abnormal lipid metabolic, pro-inflammatory activity, insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism. Increased visceral adiposity raises the risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular (CV) events, and aggravates ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism in PCOS women. Visceral adiposity index (VAI), a simple surrogate maker of visceral adipose dysfunction and visceral adiposity, is a predictor of IR, and link hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism and anovulation. This review aims to discuss the visceral adiposity situation in PCOS women, and suggests that VAI may be a useful predictor of clinical severity and therapeutic outcome of PCOS.
Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Identification of New MicroRNAs in Paired Normal and Tumor Breast Tissue Suggests a Dual Role for the ERBB 2 / Her 2 Gene

To comprehensively characterize microRNA (miRNA) expression in breast cancer, we performed the first extensive next-generation sequencing expression analysis of this disease. We sequenced small RNA from tumors with paired samples of normal and tumor-adjacent breast tissue. Our results indicate that tumor identity is achieved mainly by variation in the expression levels of a common set of miRNAs rather than by tissue-specific expression. We also report 361 new, well-supported miRNA precursors. Nearly two-thirds of these new genes were detected in other human tissues and 49% of the miRNAs were found associated with Ago2 in MCF7 cells. Ten percent of the newmiRNAs are located in regions with high-level genomic amplifications in breast cancer. A newmiRNA is encoded within the ERBB2/Her2 gene and amplification of this gene leads to overexpression of the new miRNA, indicating that this potent oncogene and important clinical marker may have two different biological functions. In summary, our work substantially expands the number of known miRNAs and highlights the complexity of small RNA expression in breast cancer. Cancer Res; 71(1); 78–86. 2011 AACR.
Towards an Understanding of the Role of Standard Setters in Standard Setting

We investigate the effect of standard setters in standard setting. We examine how certain professional and political characteristics of FASB members and SEC commissioners predict the accounting “reliability” and “relevance” of proposed standards. Notably, we find FASB members with backgrounds in financial services are more likely to propose standards that decrease “reliability” and increase “relevance,” partly due to their tendency to propose fair-value methods. We find opposite results for FASB members affiliated with the Democratic Party, although only when excluding financial-services background as an independent variable. Jackknife procedures show that results are robust to omitting any individual standard setter.
Effectiveness of simulated presence therapy for individuals with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: To formally assess the strength of evidence for the efficacy of simulated presence therapy for challenging behaviours in dementia (playing an audio or videotape to an individual, personalized by a carer and containing positive experiences from the client's life and shared memories involving family and friends) using meta-analytic techniques. Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis of k = 4 studies of simulated presence therapy for challenging behaviours in dementia. Results: Meta-analysis indicated a significance effect (d = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.38–1.02), although this was reduced when the first published study was removed from the analysis. Conclusion: These findings provide limited support for the use of simulated presence therapy with this population and stress the importance of assessing participants’ suitability for such an approach and monitoring their responses closely. Future adequately powered studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of simulated presence therapy.
Robust Surface Reconstruction in SEM Using Two BSE Detectors

This paper describes a robust three-dimensional (3D) surface reconstruction method that can automatically eliminate shadowing errors. For modeling shadowing effect, a new shadowing compensation model based on the angle distribution of backscattered electrons is introduced. Further, it is modified with respect to some practical factors. Moreover, the proposed iterative shadowing compensation method, which performs commutatively between the compensation of image intensities and the modification of the corresponding 3D surface, can effectively provide both an accurate 3D surface and compensated shadowless images after convergence. key words: scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface reconstruction, shadowing compensation, backscattering electron