Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A MIXED ALGORITHM FOR INCREMENTAL ELASTOPLASTIC ANALYSIS

A new method for the incremental analysis of elastoplastic associated materials is presented. The method fully retains all the equations and variables of the problems at the same level and uses a sequential quadratic programming with equality constraints to solve in an efficient and robust fashion the elastoplastic step equations derived by means of a suitable mathematical programming formulation of the problem. The new proposal is compared with standard strain driven formulations which use a return mapping by closest point projection schemes. The numerical tests performed show a good performance and a great robustness of the proposed formulation also in the case of multi–surface elastoplasticity.
Evaluation of WRF and CHIMERE models for the simulation 1 of PM 2.5 in large East African urban conurbations. 2

: Urban conurbations of East Africa are affected by harmful levels of air pollution. The paucity of local 12 air quality networks and the absence of capacity to forecast air quality make difficult to quantify the real level of 13 air pollution in this area. The chemistry-transport model CHIMERE has been used along with the meteorological 14 model WRF to run simulations at high spatial resolution (2×2 km) of hourly concentrations of Particulate Matter 15 PM 2.5 for three East African urban conurbations: Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, Nairobi in Kenya, and Kampala in 16 Uganda. Two existing emission inventories were combined to test the performance of CHIMERE as an air quality 17 model for a target monthly period of 2017 and the results compared against observed data from urban, roadside, 18 and rural sites. The results show that the model is able to reproduce hourly and daily temporal variability of 19 aerosol concentrations close to observations in urban, roadside and in rural environments. CHIMERE’s 20 performance as a tool for managing air quality was also assessed. The analysis demonstrated that despite the 21 absence of high-resolution data and up-to-date biogenic and anthropogenic emissions, the model was able to 22 reproduce 66 – 99% of the daily PM 2.5 exceedances above the WHO 24-hour mean PM 2.5 guideline (25 µg m -3 ) in 23 the three cities. An analysis of the 24-hour average levels of PM 2.5 was also carried out for 17 constituencies in 24 the vicinity of Nairobi. This showed that 47% of the constituencies in the area exhibited poor air quality index for 25 PM 2.5 in the unhealthy category for human health exposing between 10,000 to 30,000 people/km 2 to harmful level 26 of air contamination.
First Image of the Surface of a Star with the Hubble Space Telescope

A direct image of the surface of a star, Betelgeuse (=α Ori; M2 Iab), has been obtained with the Faint Object Camera on the Hubble Space Telescope. Images in two ~300 Å-wide bands centered at 2550 and 2800 Å cover ~10 resolution elements on the stellar disk. The ultraviolet diameter of Betelgeuse of 125 ± 5 mas at 2500 Å (corresponding to 108 ± 4 mas, FWHM) is a factor of 2.2 larger than the optical diameter, thus indicating a substantially extended chromosphere in this supergiant. A single bright, unresolved area is present in the southwest quadrant of the disk (P.A. = 235°) in both images, with a peak amplitude of 1.3-1.8 as compared to the surrounding disk and a temperature differential in excess of 200 K. This feature may be the result of magnetic activity, atmospheric convection, or global pulsations and shock structures that heat the chromosphere. Spatially resolved spectroscopy of the Mg II λλ2795, 2802 doublet with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph suggests complicated dynamics, with outflowing material in the chromosphere indicated by the Mg II emission.
Interferon Alpha for Refractory Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema (Irvine-Gass Syndrome)

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of systemic interferon alpha-2a (IFN) for refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME). Methods: Retrospective observational study. The primary outcome was the decrease of central retinal thickness (CRT). Secondary endpoints were the improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the assessment of IFN-related side effects. Results: Twenty-four eyes of 20 patients were included. The median CRT was 513 µm (range 220–980 µm) at baseline and decreased to 190 µm (range 140–520 µm) at the last follow-up visit (p < 0.001). Reduction of CRT greater than 100 µm was observed in 22 eyes (92%). The median BCVA (logMAR) increased statistically significant from 0.5 (range 0.2–1.5) at baseline to 0.3 (0–0.8) at the last follow-up (p < 0.001). The BCVA improved in 18 eyes (75%) and remained stable in five eyes (21%). No severe treatment-related side effects occurred. Conclusion: IFN is a very effective agent for treatment of refractory PCME.
Critical Reviews and Perspectives The inﬂuenza A virus genome packaging network –– complex, ﬂexible and yet unsolved

The genome of inﬂuenza A virus (IAV) consists of eight unique viral RNA segments. This genome organization allows genetic reassortment between co-infecting IAV strains, whereby new IAVs with altered genome segment compositions emerge. While it is known that reassortment events can create pandemic IAVs, it remains impossible to anticipate reassortment outcomes with pandemic prospects. Recent research indicates that reassortment is pro-moted by a viral genome packaging mechanism that delivers the eight genome segments as a supramolecular complex into the virus particle. This ﬁnding holds promise of predicting pandemic IAVs by understanding the intermolecular interactions governing this genome packaging mechanism. Here, we critically review the prevailing mechanistic model postulating that IAV genome packaging is orches-trated by a network of intersegmental RNA–RNA interactions. Although we ﬁnd supporting evidence, including segment-speciﬁc packaging signals and experimentally proposed RNA–RNA interaction networks, this mechanistic model remains debatable due to a current shortage of functionally validated intersegmental
Different geometries of spiral planar inductors

— This paper deals with different geometries of spiral planar inductors. The spiral planar inductors are presented in different geometrical shapes: circular, square, octagonal, and hexagonal. The article describes three methods for obtaining the value of inductance. The first method is called a modified Wheeler’s formula, the second is called Monomial formula or data fitted Monomial expression and the last Mohan’s formula or also called expression based on current sheet approximation.
Design of an Ultra-Wide Band based Indoor Positioning System DESIGN OF AN ULTRA-WIDE BAND BASED INDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEM

In recent years, indoor positioning system (IPS) has attracted significant interests in both academical research and industrial development. It has seen many applications, such as hostage search and rescue, indoor navigation, and warehouse management, all of which can take advantage of precise positioning. However, in indoor environments, traditional methods, like the Global Positioning System (GPS), are usually either unreliable or incorrect because of the complicated physical characteristics of various objects reflecting and dispersing signals, such as the presence of people, walls, obstructions, and furniture. In contrast to other technologies such as WiFi and Bluetooth, which are not suitable to extract accurate timing information, UWB technology has the potential to reach center-meter level accuracy in indoor positioning. In this thesis, we developed a real-time, low-cost, IPS based on commercial-off-the-shelf UWB transceivers. Both the Two Way Ranging (TWR) and Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) approaches have been implemented to obtain a target’s location. To alleviate the effect of multipath propagation, we detect the presence of outliers by comparing the first path signal level and estimated receiving signal level. Moreover, we have designed the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and evaluated performance by deploying the system both in a lab environment and in a two-story historical building during the 2018 Microsoft Indoor Localization Competition. The results show that iii we achieve a 28.9cm 95%-quantile 2D tracking error in the lab environment and a 92cm average tracking error for 3D localization on the Microsoft Indoor Localization Competition site.
Mechanism for IL-15–Driven B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cycling: Roles for AKT and STAT5 in Modulating Cyclin D2 and DNA Damage Response Proteins

Key Points TLR9-primed human B-CLL clones respond to IL-15 with AKT and STAT5 activation. PI3K/AKT and STAT5 pathways elevate cyclin D2 and repress ATM, TP53BP1, and MDC1. Inhibitors of PI3K or STAT5 block in vitro B-CLL cycling induced by CpG DNA and IL-15. Clonal expansion of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) occurs within lymphoid tissue pseudofollicles. IL-15, a stromal cell–associated cytokine found within spleens and lymph nodes of B-CLL patients, significantly boosts in vitro cycling of blood-derived B-CLL cells following CpG DNA priming. Both IL-15 and CpG DNA are elevated in microbe-draining lymphatic tissues, and unraveling the basis for IL-15–driven B-CLL growth could illuminate new therapeutic targets. Using CpG DNA-primed human B-CLL clones and approaches involving both immunofluorescent staining and pharmacologic inhibitors, we show that both PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT5 pathways are activated and functionally important for IL-15→CD122/ɣc signaling in ODN-primed cells expressing activated pSTAT3. Furthermore, STAT5 activity must be sustained for continued cycling of CFSE-labeled B-CLL cells. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments with inhibitors of PI3K and STAT5 show that both contribute to IL-15–driven upregulation of mRNA for cyclin D2 and suppression of mRNA for DNA damage response mediators ATM, 53BP1, and MDC1. Furthermore, protein levels of these DNA damage response molecules are reduced by IL-15, as indicated by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Bioinformatics analysis of ENCODE chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data from cell lines provides insight into possible mechanisms for STAT5-mediated repression. Finally, pharmacologic inhibitors of JAKs and STAT5 significantly curtailed B-CLL cycling when added either early or late in a growth response. We discuss how the IL-15–induced changes in gene expression lead to rapid cycling and possibly enhanced mutagenesis. STAT5 inhibitors might be an effective modality for blocking B-CLL growth in patients. Visual Abstract
Dynamic Transformer Networks

The recent deep learning breakthroughs in language and vision tasks can be mainly attributed to large-scale transformers. Unfortunately, their massive size and high compute requirement have limited their use in resource-constrained environments. Dynamic neural networks could potentially reduce the amount of compute requirement by dynamically adjusting the computational path based on the input. Similar to soft attention, this work presents a simple way of constructing an oracle function that enables a transformer network to determine the dependency between its layers. It can then be used as a strategy to skip layers without a reinforcement learning agent. We show that such a model learns to skip, on average, half of its layers for each sample in a batch input.
THE ROTATIONAL SPECTRA OF 29SiC2 AND 30SiC2

The rotational spectra of 29SiC2 and 30SiC2, two silicon isotopic species of the abundant astronomical ring 28SiC2, have been characterized in the millimeter band between 140 and 360 GHz in a low pressure discharge through SiH4, C2H2, and Ar. Precise rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been derived for both species by fitting a standard asymmetric top Hamiltonian to 38 a-type transitions of 29SiC2 and 35 of 30SiC2; the data sets include transitions up to Ka = 8 and at least J = 16. With these new measurements in hand, the most intense radio transitions of both species either have been measured or can now be predicted to better than 1 km s−1 in equivalent radial velocity up to 500 GHz, more than adequate accuracy for spectral line identifications in circumstellar shells of evolved carbon stars such as IRC+10216 where SiC2 is conspicuous. More than 10 new lines of 29SiC2 and 30SiC2 have been identified between 295 and 354 GHz in the interferometric spectral line survey of IRC+10216 with the Submillimeter Array.
Robustness of quantum gates in the presence of noise

We define several quantitative measures of the robustness of a quantum gate against noise. Exact analytic expressions for the robustness against depolarizing noise are obtained for all bipartite unitary quantum gates, and it is found that the controlled-NOT gate is the most robust two-qubit quantum gate, in the sense that it is the quantum gate which can tolerate the most depolarizing noise and still generate entanglement. Our results enable us to place several analytic upper bounds on the value of the threshold for quantum computation, with the best bound in the most pessimistic error model being p(th)less than or equal to0.5.
Energy Security and Environmental Implication of Indonesia in Electricity Planning

: To improve diversification and to mitigate CO 2 emission in Indonesia for electricity generation sector, this study proposes scenarios of electricity planning as alternatives to government’s (RUPTL) scenario. Alternative power plants considered in this study included supercritical coal steam, biomass, solar-thermal, and nuclear power. Three alternatives scenarios were created in this study namely GREEN_1 (supercritical coal steam), GREEN_2 (biomass and solar thermal), and NUCLEAR (nuclear). Long range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) software was used to evaluate the implication of each scenario from 2008 to 2028 in term of generation cost, energy security index, and Cost of Avoided Emission (CAE). Given the characteristics of power plants and the assumption of each scenario, we found that in the end of study period, if no greenhouse gases and other air pollution potential damages were taken into consideration, all scenarios give higher generation cost compare to BAU scenario. GREEN_2 scenario gives the highest generation cost, following by NUCLEAR, GREEN_1, and BAU. To reduce the same amount of CO 2 emission, NUCLEAR scenario is the cheapest CAE followed by GREEN_1, and GREEN_2. Without taking into account on the social acceptability, nuclear power plant was the cheapest way to reduce CO 2 emission followed by supercritical coal steam, and the combination of biomass and solar thermal.
MITIGATING CYBERSECURITY RISKS IN MEDICAL DEVICES USING SECURE IMPLANTED TECHNIQUES

: Cyberattacks on medical groups endanger patient care. When medical devices depend on poorly maintained legacy applications that cannot change and may contain publicly reported vulnerabilities, the threat of being victimized through a destructive attack increase, the purpose of this study is to give perspective on strategies found in the literature that minimize risk induced by legacy software on medical equipment. Techniques considered include special strategic Bluetooth connection via mobile phones, anomaly detection based on behavior, and signal authentication using a physical attribute. Such methods are suitable for many use-cases, from pacemaker security to healthcare sensor nodes. Many solutions rely on intrusion identification and tunneling unencrypted Bluetooth communications. Those techniques have different application areas, and the best choice depends on the kind of medical equipment. This study describes a solution to the security of software shim, which can be embedded in any medical device and used to minimize current cyber threats as well as future. Rather than specific code, the paper provides a general solution. The coding would be distinct to each device. These firmware solutions can address security issues with any implantable healthcare device.
Stochastic Minimum Vertex Cover in General Graphs: A 3/2-Approximation

We study the stochastic vertex cover problem. In this problem, G = (V, E) is an arbitrary known graph, and G⋆ is an unknown random subgraph of G where each edge e is realized independently with probability p. Edges of G⋆ can only be verified using edge queries. The goal in this problem is to find a minimum vertex cover of G⋆ using a small number of queries. Our main result is designing an algorithm that returns a vertex cover of G⋆ with size at most (3/2+є) times the expected size of the minimum vertex cover, using only O(n/є p) non-adaptive queries. This improves over the best-known 2-approximation algorithm by Behnezhad, Blum and Derakhshan [SODA’22] who also show that Ω(n/p) queries are necessary to achieve any constant approximation. Our guarantees also extend to instances where edge realizations are not fully independent. We complement this upperbound with a tight 3/2-approximation lower bound for stochastic graphs whose edges realizations demonstrate mild correlations.
Asking about Technical Debt: Characteristics and Automatic Identification of Technical Debt Questions on Stack Overflow

Background: Q&A sites allow to study how users reference and request support on technical debt. To date only few studies, focusing on narrow aspects, investigate technical debt on Stack Overflow. Aims: We aim at gaining an in-depth understanding on the characteristics of technical debt questions on Stack Overflow. In addition, we assess if identification strategies based on machine learning can be used to automatically identify and classify technical debt questions. Method: We use automated and manual processes to identify technical debt questions on Stack Overflow. The final set of 415 questions is analyzed to study (i) technical debt types, (ii) question length, (iii) perceived urgency, (iv) sentiment, and (v) themes. Natural language processing and machine learning techniques are used to assess if questions can be identified and classified automatically. Results: Architecture debt is the most recurring debt type, followed by code and design debt. Most questions display mild urgency, with frequency of higher urgency steadily declining as urgency rises. Question length varies across debt types. Sentiment is mostly neutral. 29 recurrent themes emerge. Machine learning can be used to identify technical debt questions and binary urgency, but not debt types. Conclusions: Different patterns emerge from the analysis of technical debt questions on Stack Overflow. The results provide further insights on the phenomenon, and support the adoption of a more comprehensive strategy to identify technical debt questions.
Stochastic models and descriptive statistics for phylogenetic trees, from Yule to today

In 1924 Yule observed that distributions of number of species per genus were typically long­tailed, and proposed a stochastic model to fit these data. Modern taxonomists often prefer to represent relationships between species via phylogenetic trees; the counterpart to Yule’s observation is that actual reconstructed trees look surprisingly unbalanced. The imbalance can readily be seen via a scatter diagram of the sizes of clades involved in the splits of published large phylogenetic trees. Attempting stochastic modeling leads to two puzzles. First, two somewhat opposite possible biological descriptions of what dominates the macroevolutionary process (adaptive radiation; “neutral” evolution) lead to exactly the same mathematical model (Markov or Yule or coalescent). Second, neither this nor any other simple stochastic model predicts the observed pattern of imbalance. This essay represents a probabilist’s musings on these puzzles, complementing the more detailed survey of biological literature by Mooers and Heard, Quart. Rev. Biol. 72 [(1997) 31–54].
GENERALIZED KELVIN-VOIGHT USED IN SOIL DYNAMICS STUDY

The interpretation of dynamic test results is complex relative to the static case, because the mass, shape, and stiffness of the dynamic testing apparatus as well as the properties of the specimen must be considered. This interpretation is facilitated by representing the response of the material by a simplified model and by modeling the apparatus so that an analytical solution may be obtained for the specimen-apparatus system. The general steady state solution for the forced vibration of a cylindrical shaft of material represented by the generalized Kelvin-Voigt model is presented. This general solution can be used, together with the boundary conditions and properties of the various types of apparatus (i.e., apparatus involving the vibration of cylindrical specimens), to obtain the analytical solutions for these specimen-apparatus systems. An example of this procedure is given for a boundary value problem that is typical of some of the specimen-apparatus systems used in the past. The measured response for a cylindrical specimen of sand obtained with such an apparatus is compared with the computed results obtained from the analytical solution.
In silico promoter analysis and expression of the BIG BROTHER gene in different organs of potato

The ubiquitin E3 ligase BIG BROTHER/ENHANCER OF DA1 (BB) gene encoding a RING finger protein was identified as a central growth regulator in Arabidopsis thaliana. It was found that BB restricts cell proliferation and promotes leaf senescence. Besides of Arabidopsis, however, the role and regulation of BB in other plant species is only sparsely known. Supposing that the BB gene, like in Arabidopsis, has an important role in the development of potato we aimed to analyse a 3.0-kb promoter sequence of the potato BB gene, StBB, in silico and study the level of StBB expression by quantitative reverse transcription PCR in different organs. A total of 48 binding sites for 15 transcription factor (TF) families were predicted. Most of them were located in the -1.5-kb promoter region. The dominating family of TFs was DOF. It was found that 20 out of the 24 TFs with known functions are involved in developmental processes such as for example, the flower-, leaf-, stem- and root development or cell cycle regulation. In line with this finding, the StBB mRNA was detected in each organ tested with the largest amounts in petal and stamen. These results suggest a similar function of StBB in potato than that is of BB in Arabidopsis, i.e., restriction of organ overgrowth during development and limitation of the plant growth.
Compact Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filtering Antennas: A Review

In recent years, with the rapid development of integrated circuits, the filtering antenna (FA) circuit of the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) has attracted widespread attention in wireless communications. Numerous structures have been proposed to improve the performance of SIW FA. Hence, this paper presents the development and miniaturization trend of the SIW FA, and briefly introduces the structure and historical development of the SIW FA. In terms of the mode, multi-mode cavities and incomplete mode cavities are constructed. Multi-layer structures, special structures and the slow-wave technology are constructed in physical structure. Several methods and design examples of the SIW FA miniaturization are introduced from these two aspects. Based on the combination of the filter and antenna, the FA remains the advantages of the SIW structure, mainly including small size, low insertion loss, high quality-factors, and easy integration in planar radio frequency components. Therefore, it can further reduce the circuit, allowing SIW FAs to be applied in many aspects such as the 5G (5th generation mobile communication technology) and wireless local area network communications.