Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proliferation of donor mitochondrial DNA in nuclear transfer calves (Bos taurus) derived from cumulus cells

In embryos derived by nuclear‐transfer (NT), fusion of donor cell and recipient oocyte caused mitochondrial heteroplasmy. Previous studies from other laboratories have reported either elimination or maintenance of donor‐derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from somatic cells in cloned animals. Here we examined the distribution of donor mtDNA in NT embryos and calves derived from somatic cells. Donor mitochondria were clearly observed by fluorescence labeling in the cytoplasm of NT embryos immediately after fusion; however, fluorescence diminished to undetectable levels at 24 hr after nuclear transfer. By PCR‐mediated single‐strand conformation polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) analysis, donor mtDNAs were not detected in the NT embryos immediately after fusion (less than 3–4%). In contrast, three of nine NT calves exhibited heteroplasmy with donor cell mtDNA populations ranging from 6 to 40%. These results provide the first evidence of a significant replicative advantage of donor mtDNAs to recipient mtDNAs during the course of embryogenesis in NT calves from somatic cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 64: 429–437, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of Cardiac Cytochrome P450 in Cocaine-Treated Mice

Cytochrome P450 (P450) is a ubiquitous family of enzymes responsible for the metabolism of a wide variety of drugs and their metabolites, including cocaine. To investigate the effects of cocaine on myocardial injuries and cardiac P450 expression, BALB/c mice were injected daily intraperitoneally with cocaine (30 mg/kg) or cocaine plus pretreatment of P450 inhibitors for 14 days. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in mice hearts and serums were significantly increased after long-term treatment with cocaine. Pretreatment with the P450 inhibitor, cimetidine (Cime, 50 mg/kg) or metyrapone (Mety, 40 mg/kg) abolished or significantly attenuated the effects of cocaine on TNF-α and CPK activity. Western blot analysis shows that mouse cardiac tissues express the P450 isoforms CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2J2. The protein levels normalized with cyclophilin A were 1.20 ± 0.07, 0.67 ± 0.03, and 1.48 ± 0.01 for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP 2J2, respectively. After cocaine administration, CYP2J2 increased by 43.6% and CYP1A1 increased by 108.5%, but CYP1A2 was not significantly altered. However, the cytochrome P450 inhibitors Cime and Mety suppressed the cocaine-induced increase in CYP1A1 and CYP2J2 expression. Moreover, application of Cime or Mety alone did not alter the level of cardiac TNF-α or the expression of P450. Our results demonstrate that long-term exposure to cocaine causes an increase in cardiac CYP1A1 and CYP2J2 concentration. We speculate that induction of P450 isoforms may cause cardiac injury due to cocaine metabolites locally catalyzed by P450 or the increase in P450 expression itself.
Time- and spatial-harmonic content in synchronous electrical machines

The use of power electronics has led to a growing importance of higher time-harmonic content in electrical machines. To gain insight in phenomena related to these higher harmonics, such as noise and losses, a good understanding of the magnetic field's harmonic content is mandatory. Moreover, the development of highly-accurate analytical models requires a qualitative knowledge of the machine's harmonic content. Therefore this work aims at studying the harmonic content of synchronous electrical machines. To do so the three aspects that determine the harmonic content of the machine's magnetic field are discussed: the excitation source, the stator-current density and the geometry. Based on that discussion, general expressions for the time- and spatial-harmonic combinations are formulated. These expressions are proven to be valid for a very broad range of synchronous machines.
Novel bacteriological assay for detection of potential antiviral agents

A prototype assay for the initial screening of potential antiviral agents that uses bacterial growth on selective media is described. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease recognition sequence was inserted into the tetracycline resistance (Tet) protein encoded by plasmid pBR322 of Escherichia coli. Expression of both the HIV protease and the modified Tet protein prevented growth in the presence of tetracycline. However, inhibition of the HIV protease restored tetracycline resistance. Thus, potential HIV protease inhibitors can be identified by their ability to confer tetracycline resistance to this bacterial strain. The assay is simple, rapid, and inexpensive, and this concept can be applied to the search for inhibitors of other viral proteases.
Opposition-based discrete action reinforcement learning automata algorithm case study: optimal design of a PID controller

In this paper, the discrete action reinforcement learning automata (DARLA) method is expressed. The performance of the reinforcement learning algorithm is improved using the opposite concepts. This is an automatic method that can find the global optima without any knowledge about the parameters of the research space. To find the global optimal point, the interval that contains the optima is determined by DARLA as the cost function is minimized. In the opposition-based DARLA method, learning is performed based on opposition. The main idea in the opposition is to consider the search direction and its opposite at the same time to reach the candidate solution. This concept has increased the convergence rate and accuracy, and this algorithm can be used for many real-time applications. To prove this, the opposition-based DARLA is proposed to design a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for the automatic voltage regulator system. The experimental results for the optimizing PID controller problem demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach.
Nanopatterning of P3HT:PCBM for organic solar cell realization

Organic solar cells (OSC) are becoming an important alternative to standard inorganic ones since they have many intrinsic advantage, such as light weight, flexibility, and low fabrication costs. The use of plasmonic backcontact grating with nanometric pitch can enhance the absorption in the active layer of organic solar cell and consequently increase the power conversion efficiency. We realized P3HT:PCBM films with a nanopatterned architecture. With transmission measurements and with the aid of simulations we demonstrate the increase of the absorption in the P3HT:PCBM film. This approach can be used to increase the efficiency in OSC. 20 working solar cells with flat and structured architecture were realized and the average efficiency of structured cells was 13.7 % higher than that of flat cells.
Abdominal obesity pattern among various ethnic groups presenting with acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is an increasing public health problem and is associated with a number of cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of abdominal obesity and associated risk factors in patients of various ethnic groups presenting with acute coronary syndrome. METHODS A total of 477 patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome to the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi were studied. The sample was divided into 5 major ethnic groups, Muhajir, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pathan, Baluchi and Others. Waist circumference of each patient was taken at the level of iliac crest and abdominal obesity was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria of 2005 for South Asians as waist circumference > or = 90 Cm in males and > or = 80 Cm in females. Patients were also assessed for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, low HDL and elevated triglycerides. RESULTS Out of 477 patients (355 males, 122 females), abdominal obesity was present in 318 (67%) patients, 62% of males and 81% of females were obese. Abdominal obesity was 62% in Muhajir, 78% in Punjabi, 67% in Sindhi, 68% in Pathan, 59% in Baluchi and 64% in others. Hypertension was present in 46%, Diabetes mellitus in 32%, Smoking in 33%, Low level of High density lipoprotein in 85.5% and raised triglycerides in 35% of patients. CONCLUSION Abdominal obesity in Punjabi ethnic group is more common as compared to other ethnic groups. Low level of high density lipoprotein is almost universally present in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Detecting Violations of Security Requirements for Vulnerability Discovery in Source Code

Finding software vulnerabilities in source code before the program gets deployed is crucial to ensure the software quality. Existing source code auditing tools for vulnerability detection generate too many false positives, and only limited types of vulnerability can be detected automatically. In this paper, we propose an extendable mechanism to reveal vulnerabilities in source code with low false positives by specifying security requirements and detecting requirement violations of the potential vulnerable sinks. The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism can detect vulnerabilities with zero false positives and indicate the extendability of the mechanism to cover more types of vulnerabilities. key words: software vulnerability, security sinks, security requirements
Verification of elgamal algorithm cryptographic protocol using linear temporal logic

Now a day the dependency on internet and on its based-embedded system increases, there is need of correctness of communication and reliability over network. A small fault in system cause heavy loss. It mainly causes non reliable channel communication. Adherence of Frame work or model is based on validation of Public key encryption (PKE) communication protocol used between user and provider. Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is the tool used for finite state model checking. Using LTL for ElGamal public key Encryption Protocol (EG-PKE) is easy to examine & verify the concurrent state transition of system. With the assist of recognize LTL Rule we try to find verification on a formulated transition system.
Efficient implementation of Koilpillai-Vaidyanathan pseudo quadrature mirror filter (PQMF) banks

An efficient implementation algorithm for the Koilpillai-Vaidyanathan (see ibid., vol.41, no.1, p.82-92, 1993) pseudo quadrature mirror filter (KVPQMF) bank, which is useful in audio compression schemes, is presented. The implementation employs a polyphase system with discrete cosine transforms (DCTs). Theoretical and practical results show a typical saving in computational load of 82% over the direct implementation.
Distributed Non-convex ADMM-based inference in large-scale random fields

We propose a parallel and distributed algorithm for solving discrete labeling problems in large scale random fields. Our approach is motivated by the following observations: i) very large scale image and video processing problems, such as labeling dozens of million pixels with thousands of labels, are routinely faced in many application domains; ii) the computational complexity of the current state-of-the-art inference algorithms makes them impractical to solve such large scale problems; iii) modern parallel and distributed systems provide high computation power at low cost. At the core of our algorithm is a tree-based decomposition of the original optimization problem which is solved using a non convex form of the method of alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). This allows efficient parallel solving of resulting sub-problems. We evaluate the efficiency and accuracy offered by our algorithm on several benchmark lowlevel vision problems, on both CPU and Nvidia GPU. We consistently achieve a factor of speed-up compared to dual decomposition (DD) approach and other ADMM-based approaches.
A new look at the biogenesis of glycogen

The discovery of glycogenin as a self‐ghicosylating protein that primes glycogen synthesis has significantly increased our understanding of the structure and metabolism of this storage polysaccharide The amount of glycogenin will influence how much glycogen the cell can store. Therefore, the production of active glycogenin primer in the cell has the potential to be the overall rate‐limiting process in glycogen formation, capable of overriding the better understood hormonally controlled mechanisms of protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation that regulate the activities of glycogen synthase and Phosphorylase. There are indications that a similar covalent modification control is also being exerted on glycogenin. Glycogenin has the ability to glucosylate molecules other than itself and to hydrolyze UDPglu‐cose. These are independent of self‐glucosylation, so that glycogenin, even when it has completed its priming role and become part of the glycogen molecule, retains its catalytic potential. Another new component of glycogen metabolism has been discovered that may have even greater influence on total glycogen stores than does glycogenin. This is proglycogen, a low molecular mass (~400 kDa) form of glycogen that serves as a stable intermediate on the pathways to and from depot glycogen (macroglycogen, mass 107 Da, in muscle). It is suggested that glycogen oscillates, according to glucose supply and energy demand, between the macroglycogen and proglycogen, but not usually the glycogenin, forms. The proportion of proglycogen to macroglycogen varies widely between liver, skeletal muscle, and heart, from 3 to 15% to 50% by weight, respectively. On a molar basis, proglycogen is greatly in excess over macroglycogen in muscle and heart, meaning that if the proglycogen in these tissues could be converted into macroglycogen, they could store much more total glycogen. Discovering the factors that regulate the balance between glycogenin, proglycogen, and macroglycogen may have important implications for the understanding and management of noninsulin‐dependent diabetes and for exercise physiology. —Alonso M. D. , Lomako, J., Lomako, W. M. , Whelan, W. J. FASEB J. 9, 1126‐1137(1995)
Nuclear magnetic resonance solution structure of the periplasmic signalling domain of the TonB‐dependent outer membrane transporter FecA from Escherichia coli

Gram‐negative bacteria possess outer membrane receptors that utilize energy provided by the TonB system to take up iron. Several of these receptors participate in extracytoplasmic factor (ECF) signalling through an N‐terminal signalling domain that interacts with a periplasmic transmembrane anti‐sigma factor protein and a cytoplasmic sigma factor protein. The structures of the intact TonB‐dependent outer membrane receptor FecA from Escherichia coli and FpvA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa have recently been solved by protein crystallography; however, no electron density was detected for their periplasmic signalling domains, suggesting that it was either unfolded or flexible with respect to the remainder of the protein. Here we describe the well‐defined solution structure of this domain solved by multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The monomeric protein construct contains the 79‐residue N‐terminal domain as well as the next 17 residues that are part of the receptor's plug domain. These form two clearly distinct regions: a highly structured domain at the N‐terminal end followed by an extended flexible tail at the C‐terminal end, which includes the ‘TonB‐box’ region, and connects it to the plug domain of the receptor. The structured region consists of two alpha‐helices that are positioned side by side and are sandwiched in between two small beta‐sheets. This is a novel protein fold which appears to be preserved in all the periplasmic signalling domains of bacterial TonB‐dependent outer membrane receptors that are involved in ECF signalling, because the hydrophobic residues that make up the core of the protein domain are highly conserved.
Fuzzy power control with weighting function in DS-CDMA cellular mobile communication system

Power control based on signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is more preferable than signal strength-based power control since the former's quality of service (QoS) is guaranteed. However, power control based on SIR alone usually causes the vicious circle problem, due to which every mobile station (MS) continuously increases its transmitted power (Tx/spl I.bar/power) to achieve the desired SIR (SIRd). The vicious circle problem leads to an infeasible power control problem, due to which the MS transmits with maximum power but fails to achieve the desired SIR. In this paper, power transmitted by each MS is used to individually weight its SIR-based power control adjusting factors, outputted from a fuzzy proportional-plus-integral controller (FPIC) in order to prevent each MS from the infeasible power control problem. In direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) cellular systems, QoS enhancement basically reduces the system capacity. By solving the infeasible power control problem by the proposed algorithm, the average outage probability, the average infeasible outage probability, and the average transmitted power of each mobile station, as shown in simulation results, are reduced. These show that the proposed power control algorithm can simultaneously enhance QoS and the capacity of the system.
Query Recommendation as Query Generation

Researchers have studied query recommendation to address various aspects of the user search experience. Several contributions in this area use search logs to recommend existing queries from the log, using querybased similarity metrics or log-based probabilities. However log-based recommendations are limited to queries issued by users, not necessarily utilising the full potential of a search system. The proposed work here intends to approach query recommendation from a generative perspective. It proposes to generate novel queries by using search logs and web crawls to model a user's knowledge and to recommend queries to satisfy knowledge deficiencies.
Higher rate of evolution of X chromosome alpha‐repeat DNA in human than in the great apes.

The rate of introduction of neutral mutations is lower in man than in other primates, including the chimpanzee. This species is generally regarded as our closest relative among the great apes. We present here an analysis of sequences of X chromosomal alphoid repetitive DNA from man and the great apes, which supports the closer relationship between man and chimpanzee and indicates a considerably increased rate of recombination in the human repeat DNA. These results indicate that the ‘molecular clock’ is running more quickly in man.
The phylogeography of Asian Schistosoma (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae)

Partial (DNA) sequences are presented for 2 nuclear (18S and 28S rRNA genes) and 2 mitochondrial (12S rRNA and ND1 genes) loci for 5 species belonging to the Schistosoma japonicum, S. sinensium and S. indicum groups of Asian Schistosoma. Fresh field isolates were collected and cultured for the following taxa: S. incognitum (S. indicum group, central Thailand), S. mekongi (S. japonicum group, southern Laos), S. ovuncatum (S. sinensium group, northern Thailand), S. spindale (S. indicum group, northeast Thailand and central Thailand isolates) and S. sinensium (S. sinensium group, Sichuan Province, China). This represents the first published DNA sequence data for S. ovuncatum and for S. sinensiums.s. from the type locality in China. The paper also presents the first sequence data at the above loci for S. incognitum (except for the 28S sequences) and S. sinensium. Congruence was observed between the phylogenies estimated for each locus, although the relationships of S. incognitum were not so well resolved. Fitch–Margoliash, maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony methods were used to estimate the phylogenies and the agreement between them was similar to that observed between loci. The ML tree was considered to best represent the data and additional 28S sequences (taken from the GenBank), for S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. mansoni and Orientobilharzia turkestanicum, were used to construct an overall phylogeny. The S. indicum group taxa showed considerable divergence from the other Asian species and closest affinity with the African group. S. ovuncatum and S. sinensium appeared as sister taxa but their status as sibling species remained supported. The findings are discussed in the context of phylogeographical hypotheses for the origin of Schistosoma. An Asian origin for Schistosoma is also considered.
Complexes of adamantane‐based group 13 Lewis acids and superacids: Bonding analysis and thermodynamics of hydrogen splitting

The electronic structure and chemical bonding in donor–acceptor complexes formed by group 13 element adamantane and perfluorinated adamantane derivatives EC9R′15 (E = B, Al; R′ = H, F) with Lewis bases XR3 and XC9H15 (X = N, P; R= H, CH3) have been studied using energy decomposition analysis at the BP86/TZ2P level of theory. Larger stability of complexes with perfluorinated adamantane derivatives is mainly due to better electrostatic and orbital interactions. Deformation energies of the fragments and Pauli repulsion are of less importance, with exception for the boron‐phosphorus complexes. The MO analysis reveals that LUMO energies of EC9R′15 significantly decrease upon fluorination (by 4.7 and 3.6 eV for E = B and Al, respectively) which results in an increase of orbital interaction energies by 27–38 (B) and 15–26 (Al) kcal mol−1. HOMO energies of XR3 increase in order PH3 < NH3 < PMe3 < PC9H15 < NMe3 < NC9H15. For the studied complexes, there is a linear correlation between the dissociation energy of the complex and the energy difference between HOMO of the donor and LUMO of the acceptor. The fluorination of the Lewis acid significantly reduces standard enthalpies of the heterolytic hydrogen splitting H2 + D + A = [HD]+ + [HA]−. Analysis of several types of the [HD]+···[HA]− ion pair formation in the gas phase reveals that structures with additional H···F interactions are energetically favorable. Taking into account the ion pair formation, hydrogen splitting is predicted to be highly exothermic in case of the perfluorinated derivatives both in the gas phase and in solution. Thus, fluorinated adamantane‐based Lewis superacids are attractive synthetic targets for the construction of the donor–acceptor cryptands. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of protaper instruments during endodontic retreatment

Introduction: The effectiveness of ProTaper Universal and ProTaper Retreatment rotary instruments was compared to the Hedström files in the removal of filling material from root canals. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six extracted human mandibular premolars with a single straight root canal were shaped and filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus. The specimens were stored for 6 months at 37°C and at 100% relative humidity, and then randomly divided into three groups: PTU - removal of filling material performed with ProTaper Universal instruments; PTR - removal of filling material performed with ProTaper Retreatment instruments; HF – removal of filling material performed with Gates-Glidden burs, Hedström files and solvent. After the filling material removal and diaphanization, the specimens were longitudinally sectioned and images of the canal surfaces were scanned. The remaining areas of filling material were measured (Image Tool 3.0), and data was analyzed statistically (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests). The time required for filling removal in each group was also recorded (one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test). Results: All groups presented remnants of filling material; PTU had the smallest amount and HF group presented the highest mean value (P< 0.05) in all the thirds. The cervical third had the smallest amount of material when compared with the other thirds (P< 0.05). HF group required a longer mean time, presenting significant difference (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the time required and the amount of the filling removal, ProTaper Retreatment were not superior to ProTaper Universal, but both rotary instruments were more effective and less time-consuming than Hedström manual files.