Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved 4 D TWIST MR angiography of congenital heart and vessel anomalies : image quality and added diagnostic value compared to 3 D MRA

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We evaluated an idealized boundary layer ( BL ) model with simple parameterizations using vertical transport information from community model outputs ( NCAR / NCEP Reanalysis and ECMWF Interim Analysis

[1] We evaluated an idealized boundary layer (BL) model with simple parameterizations using vertical transport information from community model outputs (NCAR/NCEP Reanalysis and ECMWF Interim Analysis) to estimate regional‐scale net CO2 fluxes from 2002 to 2007 at three forest and one grassland flux sites in the United States. The BL modeling approach builds on a mixed‐layer model to infer monthly average net CO2 fluxes using high‐precision mixing ratio measurements taken on flux towers. We compared BL model net ecosystem exchange (NEE) with estimates from two independent approaches. First, we compared modeled NEE with tower eddy covariance measurements. The second approach (EC‐MOD) was a data‐driven method that upscaled EC fluxes from towers to regions using MODIS data streams. Comparisons between modeled CO2 and tower NEE fluxes showed that modeled regional CO2 fluxes displayed interannual and intra‐annual variations similar to the tower NEE fluxes at the Rannells Prairie and Wind River Forest sites, but model predictions were frequently different from NEE observations at the Harvard Forest and Howland Forest sites. At the Howland Forest site, modeled CO2 fluxes showed a lag in the onset of growing season uptake by 2 months behind that of tower measurements. At the Harvard Forest site, modeled CO2 fluxes agreed with the timing of growing season uptake but underestimated the magnitude of observed NEE seasonal fluctuation. This modeling inconsistency among sites can be partially attributed to the likely misrepresentation of atmospheric transport and/or CO2 gradients between ABL and the free troposphere in the idealized BL model. EC‐MOD fluxes showed that spatial heterogeneity in land use and cover very likely explained the majority of the data‐model inconsistency. We show a site‐dependent atmospheric rectifier effect that appears to have had the largest impact on ABL CO2 inversion in the North American Great Plains. We conclude that a systematic BL modeling approach provided new insights when employed in multiyear, cross‐site synthesis studies. These results can be used to develop diagnostic upscaling tools, improving our understanding of the seasonal and interannual variability of surface CO2 fluxes.
Implementation of i-vector algorithm in speech emotion recognition by using two different classifiers: Gaussian mixture model and support vector machine

Emotions constitute an essential part of our existence as it exerts great influence on the physical as well as mental health of people. Speech is considered as the most powerful mode to communicate with intentions and emotions. Over the past few decades a great deal of research has been done to recognize human emotion using speech information. Many systems have been proposed to make the Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) process more correct and accurate. This paper discusses the design of a speech emotion recognition system implementing a comparatively new methodi-vector model. i-vector model has found much success in the areas of speaker identification, speech recognition and language identification. But it has not been much explored in recognition of emotion. In this research i-vector model was implemented in processing extracted features for speech representation. Two different classification schemes were designed using two different classifiers Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) along with i-vector algorithm. Performance of these two systems was evaluated using the same emotional speech database to classify four emotional states: anger, happiness, sadness and neutral. Results were compared and more than 75% of accuracy was obtained by both of these systems which proved that our proposed ivector algorithm can identify speech emotions with less error and more accuracy.
Antagonistic activity of an endemic isolate of Streptomyces tendae RDS16 against phytopathogenic fungi

In this work, a wide survey and collection of agricultural soils from different habitats of the Al-Kharj region, Saudi Arabia, were conducted. 110 isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from these samples. Among them, 25 actinomycetes isolates were found to be antagonistic to Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotium rolfsii. Only one isolate, denoted RDS16 had the strongest antagonistic activity against all of the tested fungi. This isolate was identified as Streptomyces tendae RDS16 based on morphological, cultural, physiological and molecular analyses. In addition, the optimal culture conditions for production of antifungal metabolites were investigated. The obtained results showed that incubation of S. tendae RDS16 for 4 days at 30°C and an initial pH of 7.5 on a fish-meal extract medium containing galactose as carbon source and casein as nitrogen source exhibited the highest production of antifungal compounds.
Automated 3D measurement of fiber cross section morphology in handsheets

Abstract We present a method for 3D measurement of fiber cross sectional morphology from handsheets. An automated procedure is used to acquire 3D datasets of fiber cross sectional images using an automated microtome and light microscopy. The fiber cross section geometry is extracted using digital image analysis. Simple sample preparation and highly automated image acquisition and image analysis are providing an efficient tool to analyze large samples. It is demonstrated that if fibers are tilted towards the image plane the images of fiber cross sections are always larger than the true fiber cross section geometry. In our analysis the tilting angles of the fibers to the image plane are measured. The resulting fiber cross sectional images are distorted to compensate the error due to fiber tilt, restoring the true fiber cross sectional shape. We use an approximated correction, the paper provides error estimates of the approximation. Measurement results for fiber wall thickness, fiber coarseness and fiber collapse are presented for one hardwood and one softwood pulp.
The Determinants of Online Review Informativeness: Evidence from Field Experiments on Airbnb

Reputation systems are used by most digital marketplaces, but their design varies greatly. We study how reputation system design affects the extent to which ratings and reviews aggregate information by using two experiments and complimentary observational analysis conducted on Airbnb. The first treatment that we study offered guests a $25 coupon in exchange for submitting a review. The second treatment implemented a simultaneous reveal review system, which eliminated strategic considerations from reviews. We show how both experiments made the reputation system more informative and use our findings to quantify the relative importance of mechanisms that cause inefficiency in reputation systems. We find that the largest source of inefficiency in reputation systems is sorting into reviews, whereby those who submit reviews typically have better experiences than those who do not. We also document retaliation and strategic reciprocity in the control group of our experiments but find that these mechanisms had small effects on the rating distribution. Lastly, we use observational analyses to document that social considerations also cause information loss in reputation systems. In summary, we find that reviews are typically informative but that negative experiences are underreported. We then discuss the implications of our findings for reputation system design.
Repeated sprint training for Rugby The effectiveness of repeated sprint training to enhance international rugby league player fitness and performance : A case report

Headline The physiological demands of Rugby League (RL) are complex and position specific (1). Players’ must be fast, powerful and agile, whilst maintaining a highly developed maximal aerobic capacity (2,3). The full-back position covers the greatest total (≈6800m) and high-speed running distances (583 m) during match-play (4). Given these physical prerequisites, this case-report documents the effectiveness of a two-week, repeated-sprint training (RST) micro-cycle to supplement the normal training regime of a male, semi-professional full-back prior to a major international tournament.
Dynamics of suspended sediment transport and yield in a large agricultural catchment, southwest France

The dynamics of suspended sediment transport were monitored continuously in a large agricultural catchment in southwest France from January 2007 to March 2009. The objective of this paper is to analyse the temporal variability in suspended sediment transport and yield in that catchment. Analyses were also undertaken to assess the relationships between precipitation, discharge and suspended sediment transport, and to interpret sediment delivery processes using suspended sediment‐discharge hysteresis patterns. During the study period, we analysed 17 flood events, with high resolution suspended sediment data derived from continuous turbidity and automatic sampling. The results revealed strong seasonal, annual and inter‐annual variability in suspended sediment transport. Sediment was strongly transported during spring, when frequent flood events of high magnitude and intensity occurred. Annual sediment transport in 2007 yielded 16 614 tonnes, representing 15 t km−2 (85% of annual load transport during floods for 16% of annual duration), while the 2008 sediment yield was 77 960 tonnes, representing 70 t km−2 (95% of annual load transport during floods for 20% of annual duration). Analysis of the relationships between precipitation, discharge and suspended sediment transport showed that there were significant correlations between total precipitation, peak discharge, total water yield, flood intensity and sediment variables during the flood events, but no relationship with antecedent conditions. Flood events were classified in relation to suspended sediment concentration (SSC)–discharge hysteretic loops, complemented with temporal dynamics of SSC–discharge ranges during rising and falling flow. The hysteretic shapes obtained for all flood events reflected the distribution of probable sediment sources throughout the catchment. Regarding the sediment transport during all flood events, clockwise hysteretic loops represented 68% from river deposited sediments and nearby source areas, anticlockwise 29% from distant source areas, and simultaneity of SSC and discharge 3%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender Sensitive STIs/HIV/AIDS Prevention Policies: A Qualitative Study

Background: The global incidence of STIs is rising. It is estimated that 499 million new cases of curable STIs occur every year. The existence of more than one million reported cases of STIs annually in Iran shows that addressing this issue must be a priority for Iranian health authorities. While recognition of the importance of gender issues to reproductive health (RH) programs has grown significantly in the past several years, major challenges remain in implementing gender-sensitive programs. Gender mainstreaming in Iranian reproductive health program is a relatively new issue, so this study aims to explore gender sensitive STIs/HIV/AIDS prevention policies. Method: This study employed a qualitative research design. Participants were health managers, health policy makers and reproductive health providers. They were selected purposefully and then continued by snowball sampling method. 43 semi-structured in-depth interviews with 37 key informants were done. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed by content analysis method. Trustworthiness of the data was achieved by using credibility, trans-ferability and conformability. Results: Key informants clearly explained the gender sensitive STIs/ HIV/AIDS prevention policies in three main categories: 1) advocacy, 2) collaboration between different sectors and 3) community empowerment to gender sensitive STIs/HIV/AIDS prevention programs. Conclusion: Changing gender neural STIs/HIV/AIDS prevention policy to more complete gender sensitive policy needs advocacy, collaboration of sectors and community empowerment.
Assessment of non-biting synanthropic flies associated with fresh markets

This study was conducted to assess the composition of non-biting synanthropic flies in different fresh markets. To achieve this goal, four fresh markets – Pasar Borong, Pasar Seri Kembangan, Pasar Bukit Serdang and Pasar Taman Seri Serdang – were surveyed in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Non-biting synanthropic flies from different spots, i.e. middle of the market, grocery shops, food stalls, garbage piles and vacant places within these markets were collected. A total of 1,158 flies from 15 fly species were collected during the study period. The highest number of species was found from the family Muscidae, while individuals of the family Calliphoridae were the highest in number, of which the most prominent was Chrysomya megacephala. The highest number of flies (52%) and species (12) were found in Pasar Borong and the most populated sampling spot was garbage piles. A significant difference between Pasar Borong and all other markets (p= 0.0002) was observed. A significant difference was observed in all the sampling spots at different markets except the food stalls. The study shows that fresh markets can be potential places for breeding of disease spreading flies if proper sanitation practices are not applied.
Detailed Opacity Calculations for Astrophysical Applications

Nowadays, several opacity codes are able to provide data for stellar structure models, but the computed opacities may show significant differences. In this work, we present state-of-the-art precise spectral opacity calculations, illustrated by stellar applications. The essential role of laboratory experiments to check the quality of the computed data is underlined. We review some X-ray and XUV laser and Z-pinch photo-absorption measurements as well as X-ray emission spectroscopy experiments involving hot dense plasmas produced by ultra-high-intensity laser irradiation. The measured spectra are systematically compared with the fine-structure opacity code SCO-RCG. The focus is on iron, due to its crucial role in understanding asteroseismic observations of β Cephei-type and Slowly Pulsating B stars, as well as of the Sun. For instance, in β Cephei-type stars, the iron-group opacity peak excites acoustic modes through the “kappa-mechanism”. Particular attention is paid to the higher-than-predicted iron opacity measured at the Sandia Z-machine at solar interior conditions. We discuss some theoretical aspects such as density effects, photo-ionization, autoionization or the “filling-the-gap” effect of highly excited states.
A Decade of Common Carp Research and Management in Minnesota

The common carp Common carp is a large (~ typically 600-800 mm; 2 – 3 ft.) fish that was introduced to North America in late 1890s in response to requests from European settlers. Quickly after the introduction, it became clear that common carp (or “carp”) can have devastating effects on lakes. Carp root in the bottom while looking for food and in the process, it stirs up the sediments, uproots aquatic plants, and releases sediment-bound nutrients into the water (Vilizzi et al. 2015) (Figure 1, 2). In place of rooted plants that disappear, microscopic algae and cyanobacteria take over making the water look like “pea soup. ” Some cyanobacteria are harmful to humans and pets because they produce toxins. The use of such lakes for recreation is therefore limited. Lakes invaded by carp are also often impaired for water quality due to excessive nutrient concentrations. Although it has been known for decades that carp can have negative impacts on lakes in North America, efforts to successfully control them have been relatively rare, other than through whole-lake poisoning or de-watering. For example, a handful of lakes are drawneddown in Minnesota each year to affect winter freeze-out and eradicate carp. Also, the life history of carp has been relatively poorly documented. For example, prior to 2010, there was not a single publication on processes that regulate dietary preferences of larval carp or their survival in North American lakes. The research conducted in Minnesota over the last decade contributed several important pieces of information about the life history of carp and management strategies for this species. I will summarize these findings Figure 1. Commercial fishermen catching carp in seine nets in Midwestern North America. Photo: Gary Sullivan, The Wetlands Initiative.
Habitat structure and fish: assessing the role of habitat complexity for fish using a small, semiportable, 3‐D underwater observatory

In contrast to terrestrial ecology, three‐dimensional (3‐D) imaging technology is not well established as a method for studying species‐habitat interactions in aquatic ecology. In this study, we used a semi‐portable, digital, 3‐D underwater observatory designed for long‐term exposure in shallow water habitats to assess fish‐habitat interactions to artificial structures of different complexity. The observatory was mounted on a cable‐car system and was moved along a 50 m transect parallel to five artificial structures of different complexity and one control site. The optical unit took high‐resolution digital images, in pairs, from each structure and the control site at a frequency of 30 min over 24 h and was then moved remotely to the next structure. The system was operated for 2 mo without being recovered and took a total of 2160 stereoscopic image pairs. The system proved highly valuable in assessing small‐scale temporal patterns in fish‐habitat interactions, as well as changes in habitat preferences of fish over the diel cycle. Such small‐scale temporal and spatial patterns are important for a detailed understanding of specieshabitat interactions, not only in fish but also in most aquatic macro‐organisms. Nevertheless, such patterns can hardly be assessed using classical sampling devices due to labor and animal protection restrictions. However, the possibility of a significant increase in quantity of sampling through the use of remote imaging technology is accompanied by a significant increase in labor costs for image analysis. Therefore, further progress in semi‐ and fully automated systems for image analysis is needed, including 3‐D imaging tools, for ecological studies.
Positive Self-Image and Incentives in Organisations

This paper investigates the implications of individuals’ mistaken beliefs of their abilities on incentives in organizations using the principal-agent model of moral hazard. The paper shows that if effort is observable, then an agent’s mistaken beliefs about own ability are always favorable to the principal. However, if effort is unobservable, then an agent’s mistaken beliefs about own ability can be either favorable or unfavorable to the principal. The paper provides conditions under which an agent’s over estimation about own ability is favorable to the principal when effort is unobservable. Finally, the paper shows that workers’ mistaken beliefs about their coworkers’ abilities make interdependent incentive schemes more attractive to firms than individualistic incentive schemes.
GAMMA IRRADIATION IN JSI TRIGA REACTOR

The "Jožef Stefan" Institute (JSI) TRIGA mk. II (TRIGA) reactor irradiation facilities have been throughout it’s 50 years of operation, extensively used for neutron irradiation of samples, from neutron activation analysis, radiation hardness studies and electronic component testing. Recently there has been an increased interest in high dose-rate pure γ irradiations. Activated JSI TRIGA fuel elements are being utilized as both in-core γ source for irradiation in the existing irradiation positions, as well as a source for a new ex-core irradiation facility. The new facility consists of 6 TRIGA fuel elements stacked into a fuel rack at the edge of the reactor tank, and an aluminium box (inner dimensions 30 cm×20 cm×20 cm) submerged in close proximity of the activated fuel, with a cable guide tube, submerged to close proximity of the activated fuel. During the irradiation, the dose-rate field is monitored using a gas flow ionization chamber, with maximum dose rates reaching 100Gy h−1. In this paper, the characterization of the prompt γ field in the existing, as well as the delayed γ field in the new irradiation facility is presented, performed both computationally and by γ dose rate measurements. The goal is to characterize the γ field in the JSI TRIGA irradiation positions γ field, in order to provide an adequate γ field description in terms of the γ flux and spectrum, in order to qualify the response of the samples under irradiation.
Direct Numerical Simulations of Liquids on Microstructured Surfaces: Analysing the Fluid Dynamics on Packing

Structured high performance packing for packing columns have macrostructures, e.g., corrugated or folded sheets, and in many cases microstructures or surface topographies with geometrical dimensions in the same order of magnitude as the film thicknesses. For an optimal design of microstructured surfaces and for the development of novel methodologies to predict the mass transfer, a reliable description of the influence of these microstructures is crucial. To research the influence of these microstructures on the liquid film in detail, and later on optimize the geometry, Direct Numerical Simulations applying the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes (CHNS) equations were performed for this study. The model and the implementation were validated against analytical solutions for undisturbed laminar film flows. The influence of two single microstructures (triangle and rectangle) on the gas-liquid interface and the velocity in the liquid were systematically investigated. Thereby, it was observed, that small microstructures in comparison to the film thickness have no influence on the gas-liquid interface. In contrast, higher structures could increase the interfacial area. The results indicate, that systematic studies on a wide range of geometries, phase properties and gas velocities can give valuable information on the path to optimal microstructures.