Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embedded Semantic Segmentation Network Optimized for Matrix Multiplication Accelerator

 Abstract — Autonomous driving systems require high reliability to provide people with a safe and comfortable driving experience. However, despite the development of a number of vehicle sensors, it is difficult to always provide high perceived performance in driving environments that vary from time to season. The image segmentation method using deep learning, which has recently evolved rapidly, provides high recognition performance in various road environments stably. However, since the system controls a vehicle in real time, a highly complex deep learning network cannot be used due to time and memory constraints. Moreover, efficient networks are optimized for GPU environments, which degrade performance in embedded processor environments equipped simple hardware accelerators. In this paper, a semantic segmentation network, matrix multiplication accelerator network (MMANet), optimized for matrix multiplication accelerator (MMA) on Texas instrument digital signal processors (TI DSP) is proposed to improve the recognition performance of autonomous driving system. The proposed method is designed to maximize the number of layers that can be performed in a limited time to provide reliable driving environment information in real time. First, the number of channels in the activation map is fixed to fit the structure of MMA. By increasing the number of parallel branches, the lack of information caused by fixing the number of channels is resolved. Second, an efficient convolution is selected depending on the size of the activation. Since MMA is a fixed, it may be more efficient for normal convolution than depthwise separable convolution depending on memory access overhead. Thus, a convolution type is decided according to output stride to increase network depth. In addition, memory access time is minimized by processing operations only in L3 cache. Lastly, reliable contexts are extracted using the extended atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP). The suggested method gets stable features from an extended path by increasing the kernel size and accessing consecutive data. In addition, it consists of two ASPPs to obtain high quality contexts using the restored shape without global average pooling paths since the layer uses MMA as a simple adder. To verify the proposed method, an experiment is conducted using perfsim, a timing simulator, and the Cityscapes validation sets. The proposed network can process an image with 640 x 480 resolution for 6.67 ms, so six cameras can be used to identify the surroundings of the vehicle as 20 frame per second (FPS). In addition, it achieves 73.1% mean intersection over union (mIoU) which is the highest recognition rate among embedded networks on the Cityscapes validation set.
Kinetics of the Reactions of Hydrogen-Sulfide and Carbonyl-Sulfide With Spherical Zinc-Oxide Particles.

Z i n c o x i d e h a s b e e n p r o p o s e d a s a s u l f u r a c c e p t o r f o r a c o a l f u e l e d combined gas and s t e a m (OOGAS) e l e c t r i c a l g e n e r a t i o n s y s t e m . The r e a c t i o n s b e tw e e n ZnO and t h e tw o p r i m a r y s u l f u r s p e c i e s o f a COGAS t y p e s y s t e m , H#S and COS, w e re t h e s u b j e c t s o f t h i s s t u d y . The f o l l o w i n g s t o i c h i o m e t r i e s were v e r i f i e d by x r a y d i f f r a c t i o n and m ass change a n a l y s i s * Ha S ( g ) + ZnO(s ) HaO(g ) + Z n S (s ) COS(g) + ZnO( s ) C0a ( g ) + ZnS{s ) The r e a c t i o n s were s t u d i e d u s i n g a m o d i f i e d t h e r m o g r a v i m e t r i c a n a l y z e r . K i n e t i c d a t a f o r t h e H3 S/ZnO r e a c t i o n w ere o b t a i n e d w i t h r e a g e n t g r a d e ZnO pow der , a c o m n e r c i a l g r a d e po w d er , and c o m m e r c i a l l y a v a i l a b l e ZnO s p h e r e s . K i n e t i c d a t a f o r t h e COS/ZnO r e a c t i o n and f o r t h e combined r e a c t i o n s o f Ha S and COS w i t h ZnO were o b t a i n e d w i t h ZnO s p h e r e s o n l y . I t was n e c e s s a r y t o add e i t h e r Ha o r CO and C0a t o t h e r e a c t i o n s y s t e m s i n o r d e r t o p r e v e n t d e c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e r e a c t a n t g a s . The t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e i n v e s t i g a t e d was from 325° t o d l4 °C and t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e s u l f u r g a s s p e c i e s was v a r i e d from one t o e i g h t mole p e r c e n t . T o t a l p r e s s u r e was one a tm o s p h e re i n a l l c a s e s . The k i n e t i c d a t a was m a t h e m a t i c a l l y mode led by t h e u n r e a c t e d c o r e , v o l u m e t r i c , and g r a i n g a s s o l i d r e a c t i o n m o d e l s .
The development of a damage model for the use in machine learning driven SHM and comparison with conventional SHM Methods

Approaches to damage detection can be categorised into two main approaches: model-driven methods and data-driven methods. Model driven methods pose the risk of the model departing from real physical meaning and are generally computationally expensive. Data driven methods per contra are limited by the experimental data available for all likely damage scenarios, and therefore can be impractical and costly. This paper presents the development of a damage model using finite elements (FEs) for the use in machine learning driven structural health monitoring (SHM). This method maintains a model that has physical meaning thereby removing the need for numerous experimental damage scenarios as a validated FE model can be used to simulate a plethora of likely damage scenarios. Two case studies are presented; a cantilever beam and a representative three-story building structure, for which the novel method is compared to both data-driven and model-driven methods.
Variation in Particle Size, Moisture Content and Supplements for Improvement of Cotton Stalks’ Lignin Degradation by Phlebia radiata and Saccharification

Abstract Particle size, moisture content and media supplements were studied for delignification of cotton stalks by Phlebia radiata MTCC 2791 in solid-state fermentation. Highest lignin degradation of 31.02 ± 1.27% (w/w) with cellulose loss of 14.39 ± 0.53% (w/w) observed in cotton stalks having particle size 5 mm and 75% moisture content, after 40 days. Supplements Cu2+, Mn2+ and veratryl alcohol (VA) enhanced the lignolytic enzymes production and the lignin degradation. Supplements Mn2+ at 1 mM with lignin degradation 36.58 ± 0.28% (w/w), high selectivity value (SV) 2.81; Cu2+ at 0.5 mM with lignin degradation 31.75 ± 1.74% (w/w), SV 2.56; VA 0.5 mM with lignin degradation 33.96 ± 0.54% (w/w), SV 2.30 were optimal for pretreatment. The glucose yield increased to 113.22 ± 3.79 mg/g from 40 days pretreated cotton stalks with Mn2+ (1 mM) supplements, more than twofolds higher from untreated cotton stalks. Strong linear correlation of R2 = 0.956 between lignin degradation and glucose yield was observed.
Preservation of Online Users' Keyword Search Data Using Asymmetric Algorithm Method

Internet is the place where tons of online user behavior data are generated every day. These data are used to extract users’ valuable information for research purposes or business interests. But, the data are under the risk of being exposed to third parties. Methods are implemented to perform the data aggregation in a privacy preserving manner. Most of the available methods assure strong privacy protection at the cost of very limited aggregation such as only summation, which hardly satisfies the need of behavior analysis. In this paper, proposed a model called PPSA. This model encrypts the users’ sensitive data to prevent privacy from both outside analysts and the aggregation service provider. Also, completely supports selective aggregate functions for online user behavior analysis and guaranteeing differential privacy. Homomorphic RSA algorithm is used for encrypting users’ online behavior data. Implementation is done and its performances are evaluated based on a real time behavior set. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively supports both overall aggregate queries and various selective aggregate queries with acceptable computation and communication overheads.
The crystal structure of N-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)(phenyl)methyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, C28H35N3S

Abstract C28H35NO3S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.3965(4) Å, b = 10.7525(5) Å, c = 12.2772(6) Å, α = 86.651(4)°, β = 86.653(4)°, γ = 75.323(4)°, V = 1324.05(11) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0472, wRref(F2) = 0.1298, T = 291 K.
Analysis of the aroma change of instant green tea induced by the treatment with enzymes from Aspergillus niger prepared by using tea stalk and potato dextrose medium

The effects of two crude enzymes from Aspergillus niger on the aromas of instant green tea have been investigated. The crude enzymes from tea stalk (ETS) and potato dextrose (EPD) were respectively prepared by fermentation. Both enzyme extracts significantly changed the volatile composition and aroma profile. ETS treatment increased the content of 2-ethylfuran, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate and decanal and decreased the content of trans-limonene oxide and 2-heptanone; EPD treatment increased the concentrations of 2-ethylfuran and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate and decreased the concentrations of octanal, methyl salicylate and trans-limonene oxide. After ETS treatment, the floral and fermented notes increased, while green, woody and sweet notes decreased. EPD treatment decreased green and floral notes. These results indicate that both ETS and EPD contain some novel enzymes, which could modulate the aroma of instant green tea, and thus provide potential enzyme resources for modulating the aroma of tea products.
Calculation of Thermodynamic Parameters of [2.4.6] Three Nitro Toluene (TNT) with Nanostructures of Fullerene and Boron Nitride Nano-cages over Different Temperatures, Using Density Functional Theory

In this study explosive substance [2.4. 6] three Nitro Toluene (TNT) was attached with nanostructures of fullerene (C24) and boron nitride nano-cages (B12N12). After that using B3LYP (Becke, three-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr), a method from density functional theory (DFT), thermodynamic parameters of TNT with foregoing nanostructures, in different conditions of temperature, were computed. To this aim, the materials on both sides of suggested synthesis reactions were geometrically optimized, and then, the calculations of the thermodynamic parameters were done on all of them. The values of enthalpy(ΔH), Gibbs free energy(ΔG) and Specific heat capacity(Cv) for these reactions were computed, also various parameters such as energy levels, the amount of HOMO/LUMO values and related parameters including electrophilicity scale, chemical hardness, chemical potential, and the maximum amount of electronic charge transferred were computed, Finally, the effect of type and Molecular weight of nano structure fullerene ( C24, B12N12) on explosion properties and other chemical properties of TNT were evaluated.
Diamagnetic cobalt(III)tris(o-ethylxanthate) and nickel(II)bis(o-ethylxanthate)

Abstract Diamagnetic [Co(xanth)3] and [Ni(xanth)2] complexes have been prepared by reaction of Co(II) and Ni(II) salts with potassium O-ethyl xanthate (Kxanth). The isolated Co(III) and Ni(II) complexes have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, UV-VIS and IR spectroscopy, computational methods, and magnetic measurements.
Activity of a neuron and synchronization in a neural group

— This paper presents activity of a neuron and synchronization in a neural group. Motion of electric charges is first presented at a boundary in electrolyte. A potential wall is formed by space charges and a depletion layer. Diffusion current is obtained across the boundary. An electro-physical modeling is given for a neuron with two depletion layers among three zones. An active neuron operates as an astable pulse generator. Synchronization of a neural group is then presented to be realized by mutual pulse injection among neurons. Synchronization provides a neural system with common clock for high performance signal processing.
Interactions entre morphologies, acidités et diffusion dans les zéolithes beta : éléments de réponse par spectroscopie infrarouge, réactions modèles et chromatographie à flux inversés

Dans le but d'etudier l'impact de la taille et de la morphologie de cristaux zeolitiques sur les proprietes texturales, chimiques et diffusionnelles, une serie de zeolithe beta a ete etudiee.L'augmentation logique des surfaces et des volumes poreux avec la diminution de la taille des cristaux est constatee. En outre, cela implique egalement une baisse de l'acidite globale ainsi que de la force des sites. Toutefois, la comprehension de l'acidite complexe de ces materiaux necessite des techniques poussees de caracterisation.L'adsorption de molecules sondes (pyridine, CO, ethylene) suivie par infrarouge ainsi que la thermodesorption d'ammoniac ont ete correlees a des reactions modeles de transformation de l'ethanol et de craquage du n-hexane. Lors de celui-ci, la morphologie des cristaux a peu d'influence et les performances sont dictees par les sites de Bronsted. La presence d'aluminiums extra-reseaux permet d'exalter la force acide des sites protoniques. Avec la transformation de l'ethanol, de meilleures activites et stabilites sont observees dans le cas de zeolithes hierarchisees.L'etude de la diffusion par chromatographie en phase gaz a flux inversees (RF-IGC) a permis de montrer que, si les coefficients de diffusion augmentent a l'oppose de la taille des cristaux, la porosite secondaire reduit le chemin diffusionnel. De plus, les sites faibles majoritairement presents sur les materiaux hierarchises facilitent la desorption des molecules et sont impliques dans les interactions laterales mesurees par RF-IGC.Ce travail apporte donc des elements de reponse a la stabilite et aux comportements catalytiques complexes observes sur la zeolithe beta.
Between the Visceral and the Lie : Lessons on Teaching Violence

Drawing from two qualitative case studies, one researching how teachers teach about war to the children of soldiers and the other examining how teachers teach lynching near historic lynching sites, this critical phenomenological study weighs how much horror and how much hope should be taught if the aim of the instruction is a liberating education. The author argues that a balance of both is necessary. Students cannot be left in the hopelessness of knowledge alone but must also be taught how to engage their world with the possibility of making change.
Growth and fiber quality of colored cotton under salinity management strategies

Crescimento e qualidade da fibra do algodoeiro colorido sob estratégias de manejo da salinidade R E S U M O O uso de água salina na atividade agrícola vem se tornando uma realidade em diversas regiões do mundo, devido ao aumento na demanda de água doce, faz-se necessário o uso de estratégias de cultivo e genótipos tolerantes ao estresse salino que viabilizem a produção. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar neste estudo os efeitos de estratégias de manejo da irrigação com águas de baixa (0,8 dS m-1) e alta salinidade (9,0 dS m-1), variando as fases fenológicas das plantas, sobre o crescimento e qualidade de fibra de algodoeiros coloridos. Foram utilizados três cultivares de algodoeiro colorido submetidos a sete estratégias de manejo de irrigação, constituindo um fatorial 3 x 7, no delineamento de blocos casualizados e três repetições, com cultivo em vasos e em ambiente protegido. A irrigação com água salina nas fases vegetativa e de floração pode ser utilizada no cultivo do algodoeiro com as menores perdas no crescimento, acúmulo de fitomassa e qualidade de fibra. A aplicação da água salina na formação da produção foi prejudicial à qualidade de fibra do algodoeiro. O genótipo BRS Topázio obteve fibras de melhor qualidade sob irrigação com água de alta salinidade, quando comparado as demais cultivares estudadas.
Enhanced removal of hydroquinone by graphene aerogel-Zr-MOF with immobilized laccase

ABSTRACT A graphene aerogel-zirconium-metal organic framework (GA-Zr-MOF) was synthesized and used as a membrane in a solid-phase extraction device to remove hydroquinone after immobilization of laccase. The adsorption rate of laccase onto this membrane reached 73.8 mg g−1, and it was mainly attributed to the adsorption effect of Zr-MOF. The membrane exhibited a satisfactory efficiency in removing hydroquinone (79%), which resulted from the combined effect of GA adsorption and catalysis by laccase. After five removal cycles, the removal rate remained at approximately 70%. The GA-Zr-MOF with immobilized laccase exhibited good operability and efficiency in the removal of hydroquinone.
Study of serum adenosine deaminase -2 (ADA-2) activity in rheumatoid arthritis

Prevent joint pain early detection of Rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) is required. Adenosine deaminase-2 (ADA-2) plays a vital role in R.A. Our study aimed to assay the level of serum ADA-2 activity for R.A. patients. Purification of ADA-2 from the serum of patients and study cytotoxicity of purified ADA-2 on breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line and standard cell line (WRL-68). Activity levels of t-ADA, ADA-1, and ADA-2 were estimated. Also, isolated and purified ADA-2 from serum R.A, and finally, the cytotoxic activity of purified ADA-2 on MFC-7 and WRL -68 cells for 24h was examined using MTT assay. A significant increase (p≤ 0.0001) in ADA-t and ADA-2 activity for R.A. patients compared to healthy adults. The specific activity of the purified ADA-2 was 13 U/mg protein, with 16.3 folds of purification and 59.4% enzyme recovery. Also, ADA-2 is a single band and has a molecular weight of 105 K Da. Cell line viability showed that purified ADA-2 inhibited breast cancer cell line growth (MFC-7) at an IC50 level of 133.7 μg/ml more than affected standard cell line (WRL-68) IC50 302 μg /ml. Also, the cytotoxicity of the enzyme is higher at lower concentrations. The level of ADA-2 can be used for diagnosing R.A. disease. Purifying ADA-2 and showing its inhibitory effect on MCF-7 at low concentrations helps its use as an anti-breast cancer marker and studying the impact of anti-drugs on developing breast cancer.
Visible photon emission from defects in hexagonal boron nitride flakes

VISIBLE PHOTON EMISSION FROM DEFECTS IN HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE FLAKES Color centers in wide bandgap crystals create discrete energy levels in the bandgap. These discrete energy levels can be used for single photon generation for quantum optics and quantum information applications. In this work, we created optically active defects in multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes by annealing technique. We produced seven samples at different annealing temperatures (500°C, 750°C and 850°C) and two non-annealed samples for comparison. hBN can host defects emitting at visible wavelengths because of its wide bandgap. We made micro-photoluminescence maps to find point defects in the hBN flakes and then carried out power dependent, polarization dependent and temperature dependent measurements to characterize the emissions. We observed highly localized point-like emitters with a size of about 0.5 μm that reach saturation at relatively low excitation powers, show dipole characteristics, have very narrow zero-phonon lines having widths as small as 0.8 meV . These results prove the presence of optically active defects with discrete energy levels.
Passivity ANFIS-Based Control for an Intelligent Compact Multilevel Converter

This article proposes a passivity method synthesized by an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to control a grid-tied nine-level packed E-cell (PEC9) inverter. PEC9 is an optimized components count of single-phase, single-dc-source, compact multilevel converter with an appealing feature of dc capacitors horizontal extension. Indeed, PEC9 forms a single auxiliary dc-bus to actively balance its voltages so as grid-tied controller would not be charge of capacitors voltages balancing. Hence, the proposed intelligent-based passivity control (IPC) is designed using only the dynamical model of the PEC9 inverter current. The zero dynamics of state variable errors are obtained and a damping coefficient matrix is presented to theoretically analyze the convergence rate of PEC9 inverter currents under the proposed control functions. In addition, various operating margins of damping coefficients are inquired. So, using the margins, a trained ANFIS as an online estimator tracks the damping injections. It precisely regulates the damping coefficients in unstable conditions; thus, the excellent PEC9 inverter operation is guaranteed. Experiments and simulations validate high reliable performance of the proposed IPC technique under various grid-tied operational conditions.
A Review on Active 3D Microstructures via Direct Laser Lithography

Direct laser lithography (DLL) is a key enabling technology for 3D constructs at the microscale and its potential is rapidly growing toward the development of active microstructures. The rationale of this work is based on the different involved methodology, which is referred as indirect, when passive microstructures become active through postprocessing steps, and direct, when active structures are directly obtained by fabricating microstructures with active materials or by introducing heterogeneous mechanical properties and specific design. An in‐depth analysis of both indirect and direct methods is provided. In particular, the wide range of materials and strategies involved in each method is reported, including advantages and disadvantages, as well as examples of fabricated structures and their applications. Finally, the different techniques are briefly summarized, and critically discussed by highlighting how the new synergies between DLL and active materials are opening completely new scenarios, in particular for sensing (e.g., mechanical) and actuation at the microscale.