Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auditory imagery classification with a non-invasive BCI

Methods such as EEG and fMRI, to name a few, have allowed a clearer view regarding brain activity and function. Noninvasively, more details can be found regarding the brain areas that get stimulated while imagining sounds. In motor imagery this is a well-known and well-defined topic, while in auditory imagery is not. It is possible to try to establish key differences between stimuli presentation (listening), imagery periods and silence, to verify and characterize their respective brain activity. Experiments were performed over a group of 16 individuals, using white noise as stimulus signal and open software for a noninvasive BCI, typical scenarios of motor intention classification were used for auditory imagery analysis. Although, is possible to achieve beyond a 90% in a two discrimination class offline, the 70.999% average percentage of success in classifying between auditory imagery and silence, indicates that it may lead to a significant comparability in future work.
A multivariate analysis of adhesion molecules expression in assessment of colorectal cancer

Adhesion molecules are implicated in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite the evidence of association between their expression and patients' prognosis, the data have not been examined simultaneously in a same study; thus, the relative clinical value remained largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the adhesion factors that display the most significant prognostic value for CRC patients to guide clinical decision‐making regarding appropriate treatment.
Butterflyfishes as a System for Investigating Pair Bonding

For many animals, affiliative relationships such as pair bonds form the foundation of society, and are highly adaptive. Animal systems amenable for comparatively studying pair bonding are important for identifying underlying biological mechanisms, but mostly exist in mammals. Better establishing fish systems will enable comparison of pair bonding mechanisms across taxonomically distant lineages that may reveal general underlying principles. We examined the utility of wild butterflyfishes (f: Chaetodontidae; g: Chaetodon) for comparatively studying pair bonding. Stochastic character mapping inferred that within the family, pairing is ancestral, with at least seven independent transitions to group formation and seven transition to solitary behavior from the late Miocene to recent. In six sympatric and wide-spread species representing a clade with one ancestrally reconstructed transition from paired to solitary grouping, we then verified social systems at Lizard Island, Australia. In situ observations confirmed that Chaetodon baronessa, C. lunulatus, and C. vagabundus are predominantly pair bonding, whereas C. rainfordi, C. plebeius, and C. trifascialis are predominantly solitary. Even in the predominantly pair bonding species, C. lunulatus, a proportion of adults (15 %) are solitary. Importantly, inter- and intra-specific differences in social systems do not co-vary with other previously established attributes (geographic occurrence, parental care, diet, or territoriality). Hence, the proposed butterflyfish populations are promising for comparative analyses of pair bonding and its mechanistic underpinnings. Avenues for further developing the system are proposed, including determining whether the utility of these species applies across their geographic disruptions.
Content validity of the expanded and revised Gross Motor Function Classification System

The aim of this study was to validate the expanded and revised Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS‐E&R) for children and youth with cerebral palsy using group consensus methods. Eighteen physical therapists participated in a nominal group technique to evaluate the draft version of a 12‐ to 18‐year age band. Subsequently, 30 health professionals from seven countries participated in a Delphi survey to evaluate the revised 12‐ to 18‐year and 6‐ to 12‐year age bands. Consensus was defined as agreement with a question by at least 80% of participants. After round 3 of the Delphi survey, consensus was achieved for the clarity and accuracy of the descriptions for each level and the distinctions between levels for both the 12‐ to 18‐year and 6‐ to 12‐year age bands. Participants also agreed that the distinction between capability and performance and the concept that environmental and personal factors influence methods of mobility were useful for classification of gross motor function. The results provide evidence of content validity of the GMFCS‐E&R. The GMFCS‐E&R has utility for communication, clinical decision making, databases, registries, and clinical research.
Ageing, deep vein thrombosis and male gender predict poor outcome after acute Achilles tendon rupture.

AIMS Patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) take a long time to heal, have a high incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and widely variable functional outcomes. This variation in outcome may be explained by a lack of knowledge of adverse factors, and a subsequent shortage of appropriate interventions. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 111 patients (95 men, 16 women; mean age 40.3, standard deviation 8.4) with an acute total ATR were prospectively assessed. At one year post-operatively a uniform outcome score, Achilles Combined Outcome Score (ACOS), was obtained by combining three validated, independent, outcome measures: Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score, heel-rise height test, and limb symmetry heel-rise height. Predictors of ACOS included treatment; gender; age; smoking; body mass index; time to surgery; physical activity level pre- and post-injury; symptoms; quality of life and incidence of DVT. RESULTS There were three independent variables that correlated significantly with the dichotomised outcome score (ACOS), while there was no correlation with other factors. An age of less than 40 years old was the strongest independent predictor of a good outcome one year after ATR (odds ratio (OR) 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08 to 0.51), followed by female gender (OR) 4.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 17.24). Notably, patients who did not have a DVT while immobilised post-operatively had a better outcome (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.80). CONCLUSION Over the age of 40 years, male gender and having a DVT while immobilised are independent negative predictors of outcome in patients with an acute ATR. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1635-41.
A Dynamic Subgradient-Based Branch-and-Bound Procedure for Set Covering

Abstract : We discuss a branch and bound algorithm for set covering, whose centerpiece is an integrated upper bounding/lower bounding procedure called dynamic subgradient optimization (DYNSGRAD), that is applied to a Lagrangian dual problem at every node of the search tree. Extensive experimentation has shown DYNSGRAD to represent a significant improvement over currently used techniques.
Why We Share: A Uses and Gratifications Approach to Privacy Regulation in Social Media Use

The contradiction between the stated preferences of social media users toward privacy and actual privacy behaviors has suggested a willingness to trade privacy regulation for social goals. This study employs data from a survey of 361 social media users, which collected data on privacy attitudes, online privacy strategies and behaviors, and the uses and gratifications that social media experiences bring. Using canonical correlation, it examines in detail how underlying dimensions of privacy concern relate to specific contexts of social media use, and how these contexts relate to various domains of privacy-protecting behaviors. In addition, this research identifies how specific areas of privacy concern relate to levels of privacy regulation, offering new insight into the privacy paradox. In doing so, this study lends greater nuance to how the dynamic of privacy and sociality is understood and enacted by users, and how privacy management and the motivations underlying media use intersect.
A dimensional model of personality disorder

Purpose of review Research planning workgroups sponsored by the American Psychiatric Association have called for the development of a dimensional model of personality disorder for a future edition of the diagnostic manual. Recent findings This paper provides a brief summary of current research relevant to the proposal to integrate basic science research on the five-factor model of general personality structure with the diagnosis of personality disorders. Recent studies and the particular advantages of a five-factor model of personality disorder are presented. Summary Future editions of diagnostic manuals will move toward a more dimensional model of personality disorder classification. Clinicians will benefit from a greater familiarity with this approach to diagnosis, as researchers continue to develop their validity and clinical utility. Abbreviations DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; FFM: five-factor model.
Monitoring of CD 4 CD 25 highIL-7 R high activated T Cells in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background and objectives In humans, circulating CD4 CD25 T cells contain mainly regulatory T cells (Treg; FoxP3 IL-7R ), but a small subset is represented by activated effector T cells (Tact; FoxP3 IL7R ). The balance between Tact and Treg may be important after transplantation. The aim of this study was first to analyze and correlate CD4 CD25 Tact and Treg with the clinical status of kidney transplant recipients and second to study prospectively the effect of two immunosuppressive regimens on Tact/Treg during the first year after transplantation.
The Leech lattice, the octacode, and decoding algorithms

New multilevel constructions of the Golay code and the Leech lattice are presented. These are derived from the Turyn construction and the "holy construction" with the octacode as the glue code. Further, we show that the "holy construction" of the Leech lattice with the octacode as the glue code is essentially different from the permuted Turyn construction, although both constructions rely on the octacode. The Turyn construction is based on an "odd" type of the octacode, whereas any type of the octacode can be used in the "holy construction. " Moreover, the multilevel representation of the "holy construction" leads to a novel lattice partition chain. Based on these structures, we derive new bounded-distance decoders for the Golay code and the Leech lattice whose effective error coefficient is smaller than that of any previously known bounded-distance decoder. We provide a general theorem for computing the effective error coefficient of coset decoding with bounded distance decoding for the subcode. >
Maize and Arabidopsis ARGOS Proteins Interact with Ethylene Receptor Signaling Complex, Supporting a Regulatory Role for ARGOS in Ethylene Signal Transduction[OPEN]

ARGOS proteins regulate ethylene signal transduction via protein-protein interactions. The phytohormone ethylene regulates plant growth and development as well as plant response to environmental cues. ARGOS genes reduce plant sensitivity to ethylene when overexpressed in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and maize (Zea mays). A previous genetic study suggested that the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi-localized maize ARGOS1 targets the ethylene signal transduction components at or upstream of CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1, but the mechanism of ARGOS modulating ethylene signaling is unknown. Here, we demonstrate in Arabidopsis that ZmARGOS1, as well as the Arabidopsis ARGOS homolog ORGAN SIZE RELATED1, physically interacts with Arabidopsis REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1 (RTE1), an ethylene receptor interacting protein that regulates the activity of ETHYLENE RESPONSE1. The protein-protein interaction was also detected with the yeast split-ubiquitin two-hybrid system. Using the same yeast assay, we found that maize RTE1 homolog REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1 LIKE4 (ZmRTL4) and ZmRTL2 also interact with maize and Arabidopsis ARGOS proteins. Like AtRTE1 in Arabidopsis, ZmRTL4 and ZmRTL2 reduce ethylene responses when overexpressed in maize, indicating a similar mechanism for ARGOS regulating ethylene signaling in maize. A polypeptide fragment derived from ZmARGOS8, consisting of a Pro-rich motif flanked by two transmembrane helices that are conserved among members of the ARGOS family, can interact with AtRTE1 and maize RTL proteins in Arabidopsis. The conserved domain is necessary and sufficient to reduce ethylene sensitivity in Arabidopsis and maize. Overall, these results suggest a physical association between ARGOS and the ethylene receptor signaling complex via AtRTE1 and maize RTL proteins, supporting a role for ARGOS in regulating ethylene perception and the early steps of signal transduction in Arabidopsis and maize.
Word segmentation from noise-band vocoded speech

ABSTRACT Spectral degradation reduces access to the acoustics of spoken language and compromises how learners break into its structure. We hypothesised that spectral degradation disrupts word segmentation, but that listeners can exploit other cues to restore detection of words. Normal-hearing adults were familiarised to artificial speech that was unprocessed or spectrally degraded by noise-band vocoding into 16 or 8 spectral channels. The monotonic speech stream was pause-free (Experiment 1), interspersed with isolated words (Experiment 2), or slowed by 33% (Experiment 3). Participants were tested on segmentation of familiar vs. novel syllable sequences and on recognition of individual syllables. As expected, vocoding hindered both word segmentation and syllable recognition. The addition of isolated words, but not slowed speech, improved segmentation. We conclude that syllable recognition is necessary but not sufficient for successful word segmentation, and that isolated words can facilitate listeners’ access to the structure of acoustically degraded speech.
L‐type calcium channels reduce ROS generation in cerebellar granule cells following kainate exposure

Cerebellar granule cells (CGC) deprived of serum or trophic factors develop sensitivity to kainate neurotoxicity that is mediated by the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐isoxazole proprionic acid (AMPA) subtypes of glutamate receptors (GluR). The L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel (L‐type VGCC) blocker nifedipine increases the potency of kainate 50‐fold. Thus, one goal of this laboratory is to determine the underlying protective mechanism triggered by calcium influx through this channel. The cell‐permeable heavy metal chelator N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(2‐pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine effected complete protection against kainate treatment in the presence of nifedipine, as did the iron chelator deferoxamine. The chelatable heavy metal pool decreased ∼70% immediately following treatment with kainate, but did not change following kainate/nifedipine treatment. Tetramethylrhhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) fluorescence, an indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased ∼70% following kainate treatment but displayed a more modest decrease (∼15%) when CGC were treated with kainate/nifedipine. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation decreased in CGC immediately following kainate treatment but was slightly elevated following kainate/nifedipine treatment. Electron microscopic examinations of the CGC indicated severe swelling and distortion of mitochondria immediately following kainate/nifedipine treatment and the appearance of mitochondrial herniations, whorls, and bridges 2 h later, features that were rarely observed following kainate treatment. These results support the hypothesis that calcium entry through L‐type VGCCs protects CGC during kainate treatment by lowering the chelatable heavy metal pool and the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby mitigating the formation of ROS. Synapse 43:30–41, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plagiarism detection in text documents using sentence bounded stop word n-grams

With the evolution of technologies like internet search engines and improved text editors, plagiarism has become a critical issue. Many works are already available in verbatim plagiarism detection which is a type of simple copy and paste plagiarism but when it comes to intelligent plagiarism the scenario becomes more complex. Intelligent plagiarism includes plagiarism through idea adoption, translation and text manipulations which is more challenging to deal with. The paper makes an attempt to detect intelligent plagiarism using the structural information within the document. This is done by the extraction of stop words, in contrast to the other methods that usually rely upon content words. The proposed method enhances this existing idea by including the rough sentence boundaries along with stop word profiles. Further this method is extended using the part of speech tags and finally the system is evaluated using sample documents from PAN2010 data set. The results are compared with the baseline approach and performance is evaluated based on standard PAN measures.
Investigation of Backgate-Bias Dependence of Threshold-Voltage Sensitivity to Process and Temperature Variations for Ultra-Thin-Body Hetero-Channel MOSFETs

This paper investigates the impact of backgate bias (Vbg) on the sensitivity of threshold voltage (Vth) to process and temperature variations for ultra-thin-body (UTB) GeOI and InGaAs-OI MOSFETs. Our study indicates that the quantum-confinement effect significantly suppresses the Vbg dependence of the Vth sensitivity to process and temperature variations. Since Si, Ge, and InGaAs channels exhibit different degrees of quantum confinement, the impact of quantum confinement has to be considered when one-to-one comparisons among hetero-channel UTB devices regarding variability are made. Our study is crucial to the robustness of multi- Vth designs with advanced UTB technologies.
A 20‐channel receive‐only mouse array coil for a 3 T clinical MRI system

A 20‐channel phased‐array coil for MRI of mice has been designed, constructed, and validated with bench measurements and high‐resolution accelerated imaging. The technical challenges of designing a small, high density array have been overcome using individual small‐diameter coil elements arranged on a cylinder in a hexagonal overlapping design with adjacent low impedance preamplifiers to further decouple the array elements. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and noise amplification in accelerated imaging were simulated and quantitatively evaluated in phantoms and in vivo mouse images. Comparison between the 20‐channel mouse array and a length‐matched quadrature driven small animal birdcage coil showed an SNR increase at the periphery and in the center of the phantom of 3‐ and 1.3‐fold, respectively. Comparison with a shorter but SNR‐optimized birdcage coil (aspect ratio 1:1 and only half mouse coverage) showed an SNR gain of twofold at the edge of the phantom and similar SNR in the center. G‐factor measurements indicate that the coil is well suited to acquire highly accelerated images. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Procedures to Determine Electrical Stimulation Thresholds in Cochlear Implant Users

Objective This study was designed to evaluate threshold estimation procedures for cochlear implantees, both for clinical and research purposes. Precision and testing time of eight procedures were evaluated. These procedures included three variations of two adaptive tasks and two variations of an adjustment procedure. Design Electrical thresholds were obtained with eight different procedures. For each procedure, one of three tasks was combined with one of four decision strategies. With the adjustment task, current level was adjusted from “inaudible” to “just audible” or from “clearly audible” to “just audible. ” With the two adaptive tasks (i.e., “count the number of pulses” and “choose the interval with the pulse”), current level was adjusted during the sequence of trials by subjects’ preceding responses according to three decision criteria (Levitt, 1971). Experimental data were collected on both an apical and a basal channel of six Laura cochlear implantees, and test-retest measures were obtained for each procedure, channel and subject. Moreover, total testing time was recorded in each test, to examine the trade-off with precision, and to investigate the feasibility of the procedures in a clinical setting. Results In general, the “count the pulses” procedures yield higher threshold values than the “choose the interval with the pulse” and adjustment procedures. Precision was not a statistically significant factor, although the test-retest variation was approximately a factor of 2 larger in the adjustment procedures than in the adaptive procedures. Test duration differences were large. Moreover, analyses of the adaptive procedures showed that a stable estimate requires at least six reversals and that the first four reversals should not be taken into account for threshold estimation. Conclusions In a clinical setting, where precision and time are important parameters, precise thresholds can be obtained with the adjustment procedure. However, for research purposes, it is advised to use the “choose the interval with the pulse” task together with one of the transformed up-down decision criteria.
Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infects Neuronal Cells through a Clathrin-Independent Endocytic Mechanism

ABSTRACT Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne pathogenic flavivirus responsible for acute viral encephalitis in humans. The cellular entry of JEV is poorly characterized in terms of molecular requirements and pathways. Here we present a systematic study of the internalization mechanism of JEV in fibroblasts and neuroblastoma cells. To verify the roles of distinct pathways of cell entry, we used fluorescently labeled virus particles, a combination of pharmacological inhibitors, RNA interference (RNAi), and dominant-negative (DN) mutants of regulatory proteins involved in endocytosis. Our study demonstrates that JEV infects fibroblasts in a clathrin-dependent manner, but it deploys a clathrin-independent mechanism to infect neuronal cells. The clathrin-independent pathway requires dynamin and plasma membrane cholesterol. Virus binding to neuronal cells leads to rapid actin rearrangements and an intact and dynamic actin cytoskeleton, and the small GTPase RhoA plays an important role in viral entry. Immunofluorescence analysis of viral colocalization with endocytic markers showed that JEV traffics through Rab5-positive early endosomes and that release of the viral nucleocapsid occurs at the level of the early and not the late endosomes.
Ensemble learning for detection of malicious content embedded in PDF documents

Portable Document Format (PDF) is used as a defacto standard for sharing documents. Even though pdf is a document description language, it has lot of features similar to programming language. With the add on support of JavaScript (Malicious script) and the facility to embed any file into a PDF document, creates a big potential for disastrous cyber attacks. From 2008 onwards, the malicious users are concentrating more on embedding malicious codes into pdf documents. Compared to PE, pdf files pose higher risk since the embedded content can be encrypted and/or encoded. Recently multistage delivery of malware is used for APTs and targeted attacks. Here pdf documents are used for accomplishing one or more stages, like mini-duke, where pdf file was used for first stage. It went undetected for almost two years. These files could be considered as a carrier of k-ary codes. In this paper, we bring out the importance of analyzing the data encoded in the stream tag along with other structural information. We are giving a proof of concept by embedding JavaScript into PDF document. This is not detected by any of the existing pdf parsers. Finally, we propose ensemble learning for detecting such pdf files.