Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correction: Characterizing Alzheimer’s Disease Severity via Resting-Awake EEG Amplitude Modulation Analysis

Changes in electroencephalography (EEG) amplitude modulations have recently been linked with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Existing tools available to perform such analysis (e.g., detrended fluctuation analysis), however, provide limited gains in discriminability power over traditional spectral based EEG analysis. In this paper, we explore the use of an innovative EEG amplitude modulation analysis technique based on spectro-temporal signal processing. More specifically, full-band EEG signals are first decomposed into the five well-known frequency bands and the envelopes are then extracted via a Hilbert transform. Each of the five envelopes are further decomposed into four so-called modulation bands, which were chosen to coincide with the delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. Experiments on a resting-awake EEG dataset collected from 76 participants (27 healthy controls, 27 diagnosed with mild-AD, and 22 with moderate-AD) showed significant differences in amplitude modulations between the three groups. Most notably, i) delta modulation of the beta frequency band disappeared with an increase in disease severity (from mild to moderate AD), ii) delta modulation of the theta band appeared with an increase in severity, and iii) delta modulation of the beta frequency band showed to be a reliable discriminant feature between healthy controls and mild-AD patients. Taken together, it is hoped that the developed tool can be used to assist clinicians not only with early detection of Alzheimer’s disease, but also to monitor its progression. Citation: Fraga FJ, Falk TH, Kanda PAM, Anghinah R (2013) Characterizing Alzheimer’s Disease Severity via Resting-Awake EEG Amplitude Modulation Analysis. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72240. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0072240 Editor: Eshel Ben-Jacob, Tel Aviv University, Israel Received May 6, 2013; Accepted July 8, 2013; Published August 27, 2013 Copyright: 2013 Fraga et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo (FAPESP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: falk@emt.inrs. ca
Nucleic Acids Research

We report the isolation of six different homeobox-containing genes in Xenopus laevis which are expressed during early embryogenesis. cDNA clones of all of t1emwiiere partially sequenced including tw from previously isolated Xenopus genomic loci and found to contain homeodomains which share a high degree of homology with the Antennapedia protein (50 to 59 out of 60 amino acids). We find a short region of homology (consensus Ile Tyr Pro Trp Met) in four of the cDNAs, which is also present in Antennapedia and that may correspond to a bend region preceding the homeodomain. Northern blots have been performed to show the transcriptional pattern through early frog embryogenesis. Three of the genes are expressed only during a very narrow period of embryogenesis, reinforcing the view that homeobox genes are developmentally regul ated. INTRODUCTION The homeobox is a 180 nucleotide protein coding region conserved between a number of Drosophila development-controlling genes (1,2). We have previously used this sequence to identify and isolate the first vertebrate homeoboxcontaining gene from a Xenopus laevis genomic library (3). Similar genes have subsequently been identified in a variety of vertebrates, including man (1,4,5,6,7,8). We now report the isolation of Xenopus cDNA clones corresponding to six different homeobox-containing genes which have been named XlHboxl,2,3,4,5 and 6, respectively, XlHbox meaning Xenopus laevis homeobox (XlHboxl corresponds to previously isolated gene AC1, 3; and XlHbox2 to MM3, 5). We present Northern blots to determine the developmental profile of transcription for the new genes XlHbox3, 4 and 5. The sixth gene isolated during this screen, which has the interest of being expressed in the posterior neural plate, is described elsewhere (9). The homeobox sequence of XlHbox4 is identical to a Xenopus clone called XhoxlB (7). A representative cDNA of each of those classes was chosen and partially sequenced. We find that three out of the five classes (XlHboxl, 2 and 4) share a high degree of homology outside of the homeobox domain with homeobox-containing genes reported in man and © I R L Press Limited, Oxford, England. Volume 16 Number 4 1988
Isolation of Microsatellite Markers in Neoseiulus womersleyi Schicha (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Neoseiulus womersleyi Schicha is one of the most important predators of spider mites in Japan. Various characteristics have been studied in this species (e.g. Hamamura, 1986; Kishimoto and Takafuji, 1997; Maeda et al., 2001; Mochizuki, 2003; Saitô and Mori, 1981; Toyoshima and Hinomoto, 2003; Tsunoda, 1994). However, because there is a lack of genetic markers, genetic diversity within and among populations has not been well elucidated. Microsatellites, short stretches of tandem-repeated 1to 5-nucleotide sequences, are ubiquitously present in eukaryotic genomes and are highly polymorphic (Goldstein and Schlötterer, 1999). Their high polymorphism makes them suitable markers for studying intra-specific variation. Recently, microsatellite markers have been used in various invertebrates as well as vertebrates (Estoup and Angers, 1998; Schlötterer and Pemberton, 1998). However, there are few species of mites for which microsatellite loci have been isolated (Navajas and Fenton, 2000; Nishimura et al., 2003). Navajas et al. (1998) investigated the presence of microsatellite sequences in the genome of Amblyseius fallacies (Garman), which had the weakest sequence content in its genome. In this study, to develop markers for elucidation of genetic diversity in N. womersleyi populations, we isolated microsatellite of N. womersleyi from microsatellite-rich libraries, and then examined genetic diversity in three populations.
Expression of antioxidant genes in relation to water deficit in cambium and leaves of poplar

Abstract The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in water deficit conditions was investigated in poplar cambium and leaf to study the regulation of the different members of these multigene families during water stress. The daily stem radial growth was used to evaluate plant water status at the whole-tree level and after 22 days of reduced irrigation regime, a decline of radial growth of 37% was observed. The expression patterns of the genes were analysed by means of relative quantitative RT-PCR. Water deficiency affected significantly the expression of the peroxisomal APX and mitochondrial MnSODs genes in the cambium, evidencing the crucial role of these subcellular compartments for the redox homeostasis in this tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a transcriptional analysis of multiple SOD, CAT and APX genes in poplar cambium in response to water deficit.
Mortality of Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix nests in Welsh Oakwoods: predation rates and the identification of nest predators using miniature nest cameras

Capsule Predation was the main cause of nest failure, but predation rates have remained unchanged since the 1980s. Eurasian Jays Garrullus glandarius were the most common predator. Aims To quantify, and compare, nest predation rates for 1982–84 and 2009–11, and to identify predators of Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix nests in Welsh oakwoods. Methods During 2009–11, 167 Wood Warbler nests were monitored and purpose-built miniature nest cameras deployed at 73 of them. Nest predation rates were compared with 67 nests monitored during 1982–84. Results Of 167 nests monitored from 2009 to 2011, 62 failed due to predation (32/73 camera nests, 30/94 non-camera nests), giving an overall Daily Survival Rate (DSR ± se) of 0.979 ± 0.003. This was not significantly different from the rate during 1982–84 (0.967 ± 0.006). In 2009–11, the DSR of nests declined temporally during the season at both the egg and chick stages. For chick stage nests, DSR varied annually and nonlinearly with age of nestlings. There was no evidence for an effect of cameras at either stage. Of 32 camera nests lost to predation, the predator was identified from 28, resulting in 30 predators being identified. There was one case of multiple predators at a single nest. The majority of nest predation was carried out by birds (28/30), predominantly Eurasian Jays (18/28), but also Common Buzzards Buteo buteo (5/28), Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major (3/28) and Eurasian Sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus (2/28). There was one predation by both a Eurasian Badger Meles meles and a Red Fox Vulpes vulpes. There were no records of Grey Squirrels Sciurus carolinensis depredating nests. Conclusions Nest predation rates were similar in both periods, suggesting that increased rates of nest predation have not been driving the decline of the Wood Warbler population in Wales. Deployment of nest cameras did not affect nest survival rates and were successful in identifying nest predators, the majority of which were avian, especially Eurasian Jays. Knowledge of the identity of nest predators can aid the development of conservation measures.
Influence of higher rain intensities on phosphorus movements in the upper half meter of macroporous clay soil

In climate change scenarios, the frequency of high-intensity rain events in Sweden is assumed to increase. In a plot experiment at Ultuna, Uppsala, the influence of rain intensities on phosphorus (P) transport in the uppermost 0.5 m of a clay soil was studied at 16 locations. A rain simulator, 0.5 × 0.5 m and mounted 1 m above the soil surface, was used to simulate 85–500 min rain sequences causing small (4–9 mm h−1) and large (22–28 mm h−1 and one extreme at 37 mm h−1) steady water fluxes (intensity) in the underlying soil profile. Water percolated to a zero-tension collector tray at 0.5 m depth where drain water and its sediment load was sampled at discrete time intervals. The total P (TP) mass flux ranged, at low intensity, between 12–92 μg m−2 min−1 (average 28.1 μg m−2 min−1) and, at high intensity, between 83–375 μg m−2 min−1 (average 168.5 μg m−2 min−1) and 648 μg m−2 min−1 at the extreme intensity. The soluble reactive (inorganic) P (SRP) mass flux ranged, at low intensity, between 1–65 μg m−2 min−1 (average 10.0 μg m−2 min−1) and, at high intensity, between 6–205 μg m−2 min−1 (average 47.9 μg m−2 min−1) and 495 μg m−2 min−1 at the extreme intensity. Thus, in the intensity range 4–28 mm h−1, TP and SRP increased, on average, by approximately 12% (μg m−2 min−1) per unit increase in intensity (mm h−1). The results of this study demonstrate increased sediment and P loss/mobility for clay soil under increased precipitation intensity predicted under climate change.
Impact of nitrogen regime on fatty acid profiles of Desmodesmus quadricaudatus and Chlorella sp. and ability to produce biofuel

Abstract Microalgae have emerged as one of the most promising sources for fatty acid production. Since the various fatty acid profiles (chain length, degree of unsaturation, and branching of the chain) of the different sources influence biodiesel fuel properties, it is important to possess data on how the presence of NaNO3 as nitrogen source can influence the profile of produced fatty acids from algae. The fatty acid profiles of Desmodesmus quadricaudatus and Chlorella sp. were detected in pure batch cultures experiments. BG-11 nitrogen free medium and the medium contained 1.5 g NaNO3 l−1 were used in this investigation. At late stationary growth phase in nitrogen free medium, Chlorella sp. produced 58.39% saturated fatty acids and 41.60% unsaturated fatty acids. While in medium contained 1.5 g NaNO3 l−1Chlorella sp. produced 62.08% saturated fatty acids and 37.92% unsaturated fatty acids. In nitrogen free medium D. quadricaudatus produced 66.92% saturated fatty acids and 33.07% unsaturated fatty acids. W.
Effects of symbiotic Epichloë gansuensis endophyte on drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians) growth and seed production

The effects of the fungal endophyte Epichloë gansuensis on drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians) were determined over a 4-year period in a field growth experiment near Lanzhou, Gansu, China. Endophyte-infected (E+) A. inebrians vs non-infected (E−) control plants were compared for height, tiller number, weight of above-ground biomass, seed production and plant survival. Plant parameters were observed to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) for E+ specimens (vs E− plants) on most occasions. Growth parameters, seed yield and plant survival decreased significantly (P < 0.05) over time, while the differences between E+ and E− plants increased over the duration of the investigation. Endophyte infection was concluded to be of benefit to the growth, seed yield and plant survival of A. inebrians under conditions in the field.
Characterization of meat from two game birds: thrush (Turdus philomelos) and turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) Caracterización de la carne de dos aves de caza: zorzal (Turdus philomelos) y tórtola (Streptopelia turtur)

The chemical and fatty acid composition and color of wild thrush (Turdus philomelos) and turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) meat were investigated. No significant differences in the chemical composition were observed between the meat of thrush and that of turtle dove. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) in the fatty acid composition of the three fractions (glycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids) and in color parameters were observed. The main fatty acid in thrush meat was oleic acid (around 30%), and the high content of docosahexaenoic acid (C-22:6n-3) (more than 10% in the three fractions) was remarkable. There was a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (more than 50%) in the turtle dove meat; the main PUFA were linoleic (C-18:2n-6) and arachidonic (C-20:4n-6) acids. Se ha estudiado la composición química, de ácidos grasos y el color de la carne de zorzal (Turdus philomelos) y tórtola (Streptopelia turtur). No se observaron diferencias significativas en la composición química entre la carne de ambas especies; sin embargo, sí se detectaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en la composición de ácidos grasos de las tres fracciones lipídicas (glicéridos, fosfolípidos y ácidos grasos libres) y en los parámetros de color. El principal ácido graso en la carne de zorzal fue el ácido oleico (alrededor del 30%), siendo remarcable el alto contenido de ácido docosahexaenoico (C-22:6n-3) (mayor del 10% en las tres fracciones). La carne de tórtola presentó un alto contenido de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (mayor del 50%), siendo los principales ácidos grasos poliinsaturados el linoleico (C-18:2n-6) y el araquidónico (C-20:4n-6).
Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.)

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and cytotoxic activities of petroleum-ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves, stolons and ethanol extract of the roots of the plant Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) from the family Araceae. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method and then MIC was detected using the serial dilution technique. The various parts of the plant were also assessed for cytotoxic activity using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Results: All crude extracts, except petroleum ether extract of the leaf and stolon showed moderate-to-good levels of antimicrobial activity against most of the tested bacteria, with an average zone of inhibition of 8-20 mm. The MICs were detected using the serial dilution method and the results ranged from 64 μg/ml to 256 μg/ml. All crude extracts displayed considerable general toxicity toward brine shrimps. The chloroform extract of the leaf, ethyl acetate extract of the stolon, and ethanol extract showed good cytotoxic activity and the LC 50 values were found to be 13.98 μg/ml, 12.26 μg/ml, and 12.81 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion : From the above context, it may be concluded that the plant A. fornicate may be a potential source for the development of traditional medicine, such as, a safer antibiotic and also as an anticancer agent.
Interaction between atmosphere, ice cover, and ocean off Labrador and Newfoundland from 1962 to 1992

The interannual variability of sea ice extent along the Labrador and Newfoundland coasts is shown to be caused by atmospheric circulation anomalies over the North Atlantic, typified by deviation in the strength of the Icelandic Low. During deepening of the Icelandic Low, stronger and more persistent northwesterly winds not only increase the southward ice flux but also cause abnormally low local air temperatures which increase local ice growth and decrease ice melt at the ice edge. The winter ice extent south of 55°N varies by as much as 65% about its 30-yr mean. Variations about the normal ice extent depend on air temperature and offshore wind anomalies in spring, but on alongshore wind anomalies in winter. The thickness of pack ice and landfast ice are determined by fall and winter air temperatures, and by snow conditions. A high ice extent, long ice season, and low spring air temperatures are all associated with cold oceanic water temperatures observed over the Labrador and Newfoundland shelves and low surface salinity water inshore at Station 27 during the subsequent summer. In contrast, low winter air temperatures are associated with high surface salinity water in the spring. Resume : Nous demontrons ici que la variabilite, d’une annee a l’autre, de l’extension de la glace de mer le long des cotes du Labrador et de Terre-Neuve est causee par des anomalies dans la circulation atmospherique au-dessus de l’Atlantique Nord, anomalies caracterisees par des ecarts dans la profondeur de la depression d’Islande. Lorsque la depression d’Islande se creuse, des vents du nord-ouest plus forts et plus persistants entrainent non seulement une augmentation du flux de la glace vers le sud, mais egalement des temperatures locales de l’air anormalement basses, ce qui a pour effet d’augmenter la croissance de la glace dans la region et de reduire la fonte sur le front des glaces. L’extension de la glace en hiver au sud du 55°N varie dans des proportions pouvant aller jusqu’a 65% de la valeur moyenne etablie sur 30 ans. Les ecarts par rapport a l’extension normale resultent au printemps des anomalies dans la temperature de l’air et dans les vents de terre, mais en hiver dependent des anomalies dans les vents paralleles a la cote. L’epaisseur de la banquise et de la glace de rive est determinee par les temperatures de l’air a l’automne et en hiver, de meme que par les conditions d’enneigement. Une grande extension, une saison des glaces prolongee et de basses temperatures de l’air au printemps, toutes ces circonstances sont associees a de basses temperatures de l’eau de mer sur les plateaux continentaux du Labrador et de Terre-Neuve l’ete suivant, et a une faible salinite de l’eau de surface enregistree le long de la cote a la Station 27, a la meme periode. Par opposition, de basses temperatures de l’air en hiver sont associees a une salinite elevee de l’eau de surface au printemps. [Traduit par la Redaction]
Nucleic Acids Research

The transer RNA of certain Enterobacteriacae contain 2-methylthiozeatin riboside (ms2io6A) an isopentenyl adenosine derivative ABTP#M: Isopentenyl c-enmire derivatives are always located adjacent to the 3'end of the anticodon in transfer Rff and have been implicated in certain biological functions. In the enteric bacterimn, E. ccli, the derivative is 1I2i6A whereas in scise plant associated bacteria the derivative is the hydroxylated form, ms io A. Anti-i6A i r orbent chranatography has been evlcyed to detect inntenl aderosine a ods. In the present study we show that the transfer RIA of three species of enteric bacteria, S. tyKhimurim, K. pneniae, and S. marcescens contains both mS2iO6A and bi A. Urder the grgwth conditions utilized the ms2io6A is predoainant.
Plastic‐immobilized anti‐μ or anti‐δ antibodies induce apoptosis in mature murine B lymphocytes

It is widely accepted that extensive cross‐linking of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) receptors on mature B cells promotes their activation and progression through the cell cycle. A commonly employed method to maximize receptor cross‐linking via anti‐receptor antibodies is to immobilize them on tissue culture plastic. We show here that immobilizing monoclonal anti‐μ or anti‐δ antibodies, which are mitogenic in solution, on plastic abrogates their capacity to induce DNA synthesis in mature murine B cells, even in the presence of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4). The cells do become abortively activated, as evidenced by up‐regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen levels, but subsequently virtually all of them die, manifesting DNA fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis is abrogated by the inclusion of either IL‐4 or anti‐CD40 antibodies in the cultures, with the two stimuli acting in concert. We believe that the system represents a polyclonal model of clonal deletion tolerance in mature B cells, such as may be induced under physiological conditions by antigens with repeating epitopes.
Identifying spatial relationships at multiple scales: principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNM) and geostatistical approaches

We compared two methodological approaches - principal coordinate analysis of neighbour matrices (PCNM) and geostatistics - that both aim at extracting several spatial scales in order to identify spatial relationships between organisms and environmental variables at multiple scales. From a statistical point of view, PCNM analysis and geostatistics come from "two different worlds" - PCNM is based on classical "data analysis" while geostatistical modelling is developed in a probabilistic context. These two methods were used to investigate the spatial relationships between defoliation caused by spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana and bioclimatic conditions in Ontario since 1941 through a wide range of scales. On the one hand, PCNM variables related to defoliation frequency were partitioned into four spatial submodels representing respectively four spatial scales: very broad scale (ca >300 km), broad scale (ca 180 km), fine (ca 100 km), and very fine ( <80 km). On the other hand, nested variogram modelling was used to identify the relevant scales. The nested variogram model was composed of four variograms with different characteristic scales close to those of the PCNM spatial submodels. Maps of PCNM submodels and kriging components revealed similar spatial patterns of defoliation frequency at very broad and broad scales while spatial patterns at fine and very fine scales looked quite different. Both methods showed that defoliation by spruce budworm occurs at the broader spatial scales but may be explained by fluctuations at the smaller scales. Finally, results based on geostatistics using a Linear Model of Coregionalisation suggested that climatic conditions can be considered to act at the level of outbreak dynamics while the tree community of spruce budworm's principal hosts controls local population dynamics.