Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Penicillin sensitivity of nodulation in soybean roots

Penicillin was administered to the primary roots of soybean (Glycine max. L. Merr) at the time of inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum and at various times after inoculation. Penicillin reduces nodule yield and shifts the frequency distribution of nodules along the primary roots. When administered at the time of inoculation, the earliest nodules do not form; when administered at later times, from 10 to 72 h after inoculation, the later nodules are reduced in number. These effects, when related to parallel effects of penicillin on bacterial viability, peptidoglycan synthesis, and binding to the roots suggest that penicillin interferes with more than one stage of nodule induction.
A New Method of DNA Sequencing Using Deoxynucleoside α-Thiotriphosphates

A new procedure for determining DNA nucleotide sequences is reported. In the first step of the method, four DNAs, each separately substituted with a different deoxynucleoside phosphorothioate in place of the corresponding monophosphate, are prepared by template-directed polymerization catalyzed by DNA polymerase. In the second step, these DNAs are subjected to stringent exonuclease III treatment, which produces only fragments terminating with a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage. These can then be separated by standard gel electrophoresis techniques and the sequence can be read directly as in presently used sequencing methods.
Artificial Intelligence for Document Segregation

: The main concept of this project is to make machine to understand human language through NLP (Natural Language Processing). This NLP concept is based on the “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE”. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is also the name of the academic field of study which studies how to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behaviour. Artificial intelligence for document segregation is used to Mapping the Lease id from PDF Content. We receive the bulk of lease documents, lease id and address from different clients then generate the file path, file name and size of the file in MS Excel document. After generate Excel file submit into the document segregation tool. This tool automatically segregates the documents by using each lease id and address.
Does Overeducation and Undereducation Matter for Returns to Education in Malaysia?

Incidence of over education and under education has been becoming important issues in the labour market. These two incidences will lead to inefficiency in the use of labour input that subsequently may jeopardize workers’ returns to education. This paper attempts to examine this issue by focussing on the effect of over education and under education on returns to education in two economic sectors in Malaysia, the services and manufacturing sectors. The analysis is based on 857 workers’ data collected from a field survey conducted in 2015 in four economic zones; West, South, North and East. One state was selected for each zone to include Selangor and Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Pahang, Johor and Penang. The findings from this study demonstrate that overeducated workers receive lower returns to education compared to well-matched workers even though the returns are still positive. On the contrary, under educated workers receive negative return from education.
Bullshit Jobs

1950s. One former concierge complains: Bill: Another bullshit job—concierge in one of these buildings. Half my time was spent pressing a button to open the front door for residents and saying hello as they passed through the lobby. If I didn’t get to that button in time and a resident had to open the door manually, I’d hear about it from my manager. In some countries, such as Brazil, such buildings still have uniformed elevator operators whose entire job is to push the button for you. There is a continuum from explicit feudal leftovers of this type to receptionists and front-desk personnel at places that obviously don’t need them. Gerte: In 2010 I worked as a receptionist at a Dutch publishing company.The phone rang maybe once a day, so I was given a couple of other tasks: Keep candy dish full of mints. (Mints were supplied by someone else at the company; I just had to take a handful out of a drawer next to the candy dish and put them in the candy dish.) Once a week, I would go to a conference room and wind a grandfather clock. (I found this task stressful, actually, because they told me that if I forgot or waited too long, all of the weights would fall, and I would be left with the onerous task of grandfather clock repair.) The task that took the most time was managing another receptionist’s Avon sales. Clearly, one call a day could be handled by someone else at the press in the samemanner it is in most people’s homes: whoever happens to be the closest to the phone and isn’t in the middle of something else picks it up and answers. Why shell out
Determining Conservation Hotspots Across Biogeographic Regions Using Rainfall Belts: Israel as a Case Study

With the current loss of biodiversity, efforts are being amassed to prioritize biodiversity hotspots that should receive high conservation priority. These studies often compare different biogeogrpahical regions using absolute estimates of species richness or rarity. Consequently, arid, semiarid, and other areas (e.g., boreal) are often ignored or are undervalued. Here, using a regional case study, we propose and demonstrate an approach that enables us to determine plant-based hotspots over landscape units across biogeographical regions using normalized, and comparing with absolute, measures. Three botanical variables were calculated for 521 predetermined landscape units in Israel. These included plant species richness, the sum of scores of red (endangered) species, and a spatial exclusiveness score, all calculated from the Israel Plant Information Center (Rotem) database. We classified the landscape units into six rainfall belts (from extreme-arid to mesic-Mediterranean), as a normalization method to enab.
Selection of fungi for the control of Musca domestica in aviaries

Musca domestica is a major problem in poultry production where management has relied mostly on pesticides, which eventually have led to the development of widespread resistance in insect populations and environmental contamination. In this study, we explored the use of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of houseflies in Brazil. A total of 10 isolates of different fungal pathogens were tested on the larval stages of M. domestica, which were originally derived from a commercial aviary. Among the test fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (sensu stricto) CG46 and CG30 were the most virulent isolates, causing up to 60% mortality at day 10, but only CG46 was selected for a field trial as it attained higher sporulation on larval cadavers. A commercial product based on the M. anisopliae isolate ESALQ-1037 (Metarril®) was also field-tested using standard treatment procedures. After spraying both fungi in the aviary manure, there was a significant reduction (twofold lower) in adult density of M. domestica captured per trap compared to the control shed. Therefore, our results indicate that M. anisopliae is a promising biological control agent for M. domestica larvae, but new strategies for fungal application and appropriate formulation need to be developed to improve its effectiveness in poultry environments.
Earth in the Expanding Universe: A Dualistic Approach to Determine Their Physical Parameters Based on a Combined Einstein Gravity Field Equation Using the Hubble Law

If rapid motion is added in the form of redshift to the Earth as a result of expansion of space which in turn complements the notion of an expanding universe, the information may be used to calculate both distances and time periods. When an accelerated system and gravitational field exist together at the same time, a ‘short evolving distance’ pointing towards the origin of the universe can be calculated. From this value, knowledge of the entire plane angle and the deviating angle of a light beam grazing the surface of the Earth renders it possible to determine enormous distances by utilizing the rules of trigonometry. This ‘long evolving distance’ in the range of the radius of the universe can be converted into ‘evolving time’ by dividing it by the speed of light. The geometric relationship between the two distances can realize from a physical point of view through a light velocity expansion of space when the Hubble constant is 71.1887km∙s-1∙Mpc-1. Based upon this chronology, the universe may have been formed 13.7355 billion years ago (taking into account the gravitational refractive index when H0 = 75.85 km/s/Mpc and H0 = 66.81 km/s/Mpc, the lower limit is 12.1 billion years and the upper limit is 15.58 billion years). Utilizing the inverse ratio of the angles, the size of the Earth equates to what is known.
Review: Shadow Detection and Removal Techniques in Remote Sensing Urban images

Shadow detection and removal in real scene images are always a significant problem. Shadow is one of the important problems in remotely sensed imagery which reduces the accuracy of information extraction and change detection. There are many algorithms and methods that help to detect a shadow in image and remove such shadow from that image. In remote sensing images (urban), shadows are usually created by elevated objects such as various cultural features (buildings, bridges, towers, etc.) when they are illuminated by the Sun at the time of exposures. This paper is aimed to give a comprehensive and critical review on shadow detection and removal methods. Also the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are included. This paper will use as a quick reference for the researchers working in the same field.
Extending ManyMan with additional back-ends for big.LITTLE and Parallella

As the demand for high performance, yet power eﬃcient, processors still increases, new many-core systems and architectures are rapidly being developed. For research purposes, understanding of the capabilities of these systems and comparing them is important, which generally requires tools for testing and monitoring. It is desired to have one tool that can be used on all systems, instead of separate tools for every system. With this in mind, ManyMan, an interactive visualization and dynamic management tool for many-core systems, has been extended for use on a big.LITTLE system and the Parallella-16 system. The ManyMan developed for the big.LITTLE has been found to be easily modiﬁable for use on regular Linux systems, such as laptops. The Epiphany chip on the Parallella does not allow easy monitoring or management, accordingly, there is still some room left for improvement in the Parallella ManyMan. With this expansion, ManyMan has taken its ﬁrst steps towards more global use in many-core systems.
Self-Propelled Soil Sampler: Evaluation for Efficiency in Obtaining Estimates of Wireworm Populations in Missouri Cornfields

A three-wheeled, self-propelled soil sampler was designed, constructed, and field tested. The average time required per sample when traveling 91.4 m between samples was from 3.5 to 3.9 min when one or three people were used to separate samples. The equipment operated adequately in wet or dry fields. A statistical comparison of the mean numbers of wireworms per m3 [Melanotus Depressus (Melsheimer), M. verberans (LeConte), and Aeolus mellilus (Say)] for 10.2-, 7.6-, and 5.1-cm-diameter core sampling programs and for 10.2-, and 22.9-cm-diameter core sampling programs, all at one site, indicated no significant differences between the means of the respective sets of core sizes. These results suggested that any of the core sizes tested allow accurate estimates of wireworm populations. A projected cost analysis indicated that sampling programs in which 5.1 and 22.9-cmdiameter core sizes were used were ca. 47 and 32% more expensive, respectively, than those in which 10.2-cm-diameter cores were used. Sampling programs with 7.6-cmdiameter cores were ca. 12% more expensive than 10.2-cm-diameter cores. The cost per sample of this machine is apparently minimum when two, rather than one or three, people are used to take samples.
A SNAKE VENOM DISINTEGRIN WITH POTENT ANTITUMOR AND ANTIANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY

In this report we describe an effective method for delivery of a novel snake venom disintegrin, contortrostatin (CN), in an orthotopic, xenograft model of human mammary cancer in immunodeficient mice. Contortrostatin (Mr 13,500) is a homodimeric disintegrin isolated from venom of the southern copperhead snake. Contortrostatin possesses two RGD sites, one in each chain, which modulate its interaction with integrins on tumor cells and angiogenic vascular endothelial cells. Although our laboratory has previously described the antitumor activity of CN in a mouse model of human mammary cancer, the method of delivery, daily intratumor injection, was not translatable to clinical application. We now describe a clinically relevant method of administering CN, liposomal delivery (LCN). A unique liposomal system has been designed for intravenous (IV) administration of a biologically active protein with full retention of biological activity. Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, platelet reactivity, and immunogenicity of LCN were examined and compared with similar characteristics of native, unencapsulated CN. There are several advantages to liposomal delivery of CN: (i) LCN has a significantly prolonged circulatory half-life compared to native CN; (ii) LCN is passively accumulated in the tumor; (iii) LCN has no platelet reactivity; and (iv) LCN is not recognized by the immune system. We have previously demonstrated that antiangiogenic activity is an important component of CN's mechanism of antitumor action. In the present communication we demonstrate that IV delivery of LCN leads to potent antitumor and antiangiogenic activity in the orthotopic, xenograft human mammary cancer model.
Effects of Maturity, Genotypic Background, and Temperature on Seed Mineral Composition in Near‐Isogenic Soybean Lines in the Early Soybean Production System

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maturity, genotypic background, and maximum temperature 20 d before maturity on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] seed mineral concentrations. A field experiment was conducted in Stoneville, MS, in 2004 and 2005, using two sets of near-isogenic soybean lines that differed in maturity genes. One set of isolines derived from cultivar Clark and the other from cultivar Harosoy. The maturity of each line within a set varied, but all had a common genotypic background. For Clark isolines, there were positive correlations (P < 0.05) between maturity and N with r = 0.83 in 2004 and r = 0. 62 in 2005, and between maturity and Ca (r = 0.59 in 2004 and r = 0.89 in 2005). For Harosoy isolines, there were positive correlations (P < 0.05) between maturity and Ca with r = 0.60 in 2004 and r = 0.83 in 2005, and between maturity and B (r = 0.48 in 2004 and r = 0.72 in 2005). There was a highly significant genotypic background effect (P < 0.01) on seed N, S, Ca, K, Mg, P, and B concentrations, and maturity gene (E-gene) effect (P < 0.01) on Ca and B. Generally the contribution of genotypic background or maturity to total variation of nutrient concentrations was greater than that of temperature. This information may be useful when developing soybean germplasm with higher seed mineral content by using genotypes with a higher nutrient uptake efficiency trait as either parental lines or source material to improve existing varieties for the seed nutrition trait.
Nitrogen availability is not affected by frequent fire in a South African savanna

Abstract: There is a perception that sustained frequent fires cause nitrogen limitation over the long term (50–100 y) by volatilizing the nitrogen in soil, plant biomass and litter. Here we test this perception in a South African savanna located in the Kruger National Park. At our study site we compare the effects of 50 y of fire exclusion, season (August and February) and frequency (triennial and annual August and triennial February) of burn on nitrogen cycling and availability. We do this using three different methods to determine nitrogen mineralization; in situ incubations, laboratory incubations and ion-exchange resin bags. On each treatment we established two parallel transects 100 m apart with 10 sampling points per treatment along these transects. Daily mineralization rates for in situ incubations were determined monthly from August 2004 to June 2005 at each of the sampling points. Ion-exchange resin bags were buried (5 cm) at the same points and left in the field from August 2004 to August 2005. In February 2005 five randomly located soil samples from each of the four treatments were collected for laboratory incubations using a 7-cm-diameter soil auger. Regardless of method used our results show that there are no significant differences in daily nitrogen mineralization rates after 50 y of different burning treatments from annual burning to fire exclusion. In fact, both in situ and laboratory incubations show that nitrogen availability is higher on the annual burn than the fire exclusion (0.16 μg g−1 soil d−1 vs. 0.11 μg g−1 soil d−1 and 0.46 μg g−1 soil d−1 vs. 0.30 μg g−1 soil d−1 respectively). Perceived negative effects of fire on ecosystem functioning has curbed the use of fire as a management tool with fire often actively suppressed in savanna. The results of our study show that fire can be used more vigorously in mesic African savanna to manipulate tree:grass ratios without negatively affecting the nitrogen cycle.
Efficient foreign gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mediated by an endogenous intron

Summary Heterologous genes introduced into the nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are often poorly expressed. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect, we examined the influence of various factors on the expression of a chimeric transgene that confers resistance to zeomycin. This marker comprises the bacterial ble gene flanked by 5′ and 3′ sequences from the Chlamydomonas RBCS2 gene. We found that the frequency with which transformants are recovered is significantly increased when ble is fused to shorter versions of the RBCS2 promoter and when Chlamydomonas introns are introduced into the coding region of ble. The latter effect is particularly evident in the case of the first intron of RBCS2, which dramatically stimulates the transformation frequency and the level of ble expression. We found that this improvement is mediated in part by an enhancer element within the intron sequence, and that this element acts in an orientation-independent manner and is effective when placed either upstream or downstream of the promoter. Our results demonstrate that stable high-level expression of a foreign gene in Chlamydomonas is possible, and highlight a potential role of introns as modulators of gene expression in this alga.
Relation entre le pH des sols et leur niveau de réceptivité à Fusarium solani var coeruleum et Fusarium roseum var sambucinum agents de la pourriture sèche des tubercules de pomme de terre

(.) Dans le cas de 100 sols de culture dont les pH s'echelonnent de 5,1 a 6,2, un lien direct existe entre les faibles valeurs de pH et les faibles niveaux de receptivite des sols a F. solani var. coeruleum. Le point critique, entre sols receptifs et sols qui ne le sont pas, se situe aux environs du pH 5,3; en dessous de ce pH, la majorite des sols sont resistants. Chez F. roseum var. sambucinum, la distribution des sols non receptifs est independante du pH: a chaque valeur de pH, 10 a 20% des sols sont resistants. La confirmation experimentale a partir d'un sol de lande de pH initial 3,9 amende par de la chaux vive afin d'augmenter progressivement le pH corrobore les observations precedentes. Dans le cas de F. solani var. coeruleum, le parasite survit dans les sols receptifs sous forme de chlamydospores, tandis que dans les sols non receptifs, l'inoculum est entierement lyse. La difference de comportement de F. roseum var. sambucinum et F. solani var. coeruleum dans un meme type de sol suggere des mecanismes de resistance des sols specifiques a chacun des deux parasites
Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Chicken Skeletal Muscle Induced by Acute Heat Stress

Mitochondria have long been known to play a critical role in maintaining bioenergetic status under physiological conditions. Our previous studies have shown that acute heat stress increases production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skeletal muscle of chickens. This increased ROS production may lead to nonspecific modification of lipids and proteins, which may then result in bioenergetic dysfunctions. If increased mitochondrial ROS production in heat-stressed chickens causes oxidative damage, changes in mitochondrial peroxidized lipids and oxidatively modified proteins can be detected. To study this, 3-week-old male broiler chickens (n=4-8) were exposed to acute heat stress (34°C for 18h) while control chickens were kept at thermoneutral condition (25°C). Skeletal muscle subsarcolemmal mitochondria were isolated and used to study mitochondrial malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl groups. Mitochondrial thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation was measured colorimetrically with 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and expressed as MDA equivalent. To detect oxidation-sensitive mitochondrial proteins, polypeptides resolved by two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis were immunostained with DNP-specific antibodies for carbonylated proteins using Western blotting. In heat-stressed chickens, mitochondrial MDA was 2.7-fold higher, and 82 mitochondrial proteins were oxidized when compared to that of control chickens. These results suggest that in heat-stressed chickens, increased mitochondrial ROS production leads to oxidative damage to mitochondrial lipids and proteins.
Characteristics of Birds Community in Ulleung Island, Korea

This study conducted the survey of birds, twice from June 25 to 29 and from September 3 to 9, 2012 in Ulleung Island. The total number of individual birds observed in Ulleung Island was 5,692 and they consisted of 67 species of the 38 families belonging to 12 orders. In June, 5,091 individuals of 42 species were observed, and 2,099 individuals of 46 species in September. There were less individuals but more species in September and in June. At each region, 914 individuals (sum of the maximum count) of 37 species were observed at Nari Basin and Sunginbong. The dominant species were Carduelis sinica (35.78%), Passer rutilans (22.98%), Apus pacificus (5.47%), Hirundo rustica (4.38%), etc. In trekking trail areas, 1,063 individuals (sum of the maximum count) of 40 species were observed, which was more than those in Sunginbong. The dominant species were Passer rutilans (26.06%), Carduelis sinica (20.04%), Parus major (10.72%), Apus pacificus (7.62%), etc. In coastal area, 3,929 individuals (sum of the maximum count) of 48 species were observed. There were the largest number of species and individuals. The dominant species were Larus crassirostris (79.10%), Passer rutilans (5.45%), Apus pacificus (3.56%), etc. Through the addition of the newly observed 20 species in this research to the previous studies, the recorded birds in total in Ulleung Island were 112 species of 38 families belonging to 16 orders.