Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Microbiological Safety of Shrimp Cooked in a Microwave Oven.

The effect of different microwave power levels (240, 400, 560, and 800 W) on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in inoculated shrimp was investigated. Thermal inactivation rates (D-values) of L. monocytogenes were determined using constant temperature water baths to establish the heat resistance of L. monocytogenes in shrimp. Shrimp were inoculated with approximately 5 × 105 CFU/g of a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes . One hundred grams of shrimp were cooked in the microwave oven at different power levels using cooking times predicted by a mathematical model as well as 20% longer times than those obtained from the model. No viable L. monocytogenes were detected in uninoculated shrimp after microwave cooking, but at least one replication of inoculated shrimp tested positive for the presence of Listeria . No viable L. monocytogenes were detected in shrimp cooked at 120% of predicted times.
Palaeobatrachus eurydices, sp. nov. (Amphibia, Anura), the Last Western European Palaeobatrachid

ABSTRACT Disarticulated remains of palaeobatrachids coming from the early Pleistocene (Gelasian) of Tegelen (The Netherlands) are here described and referred to the new species Palaeobatrachus eurydices. The new species has been included in the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis considering all known species of the genus Palaeobatrachus and was found to be the sister taxon of the Oligocene/Miocene P. robustus. Palaeobatrachus eurydices + P. robustus form a clade with P. langhae, and this latter clade is sister to all other Palaeobatrachus species. Extreme adaptation to permanent life in water is evidenced in P. eurydices by absence of the fossa cubitalis ventralis, and less developed olecranon on the radioulna. The water-rich and warm environment of Tegelen, indicated by other elements of the fauna such as beavers and the terrapin Mauremys, could have acted as a refugium for these water-dwelling anurans, which were thought to have disappeared from western Europe by the Miocene/Pliocene boundary.
Analysis of the epigenetics of meiotic silencing and its role in germ cell loss

Numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities are common in the human population and cause infertility associated with germ cell losses during meiotic prophase I. The precise trigger of germ cell loss in response to chromosome abnormalities in mammals is still unclear, but several models have been postulated, including a DNA damage checkpoint, an asynapsis checkpoint, and meiotic silencing of asynapsed chromosomes. Here, I investigate the contribution of these mechanisms to oocyte loss in mice with chromosome abnormalities, such as X chromosome monosomy (XO). First, I show that asynapsed chromosomes trigger oocyte elimination during diplonema of meiotic prophase I, later than predicted by the pachytene checkpoint model that has been characterized in other organisms. Markers of DNA double-strand break repair disappear from asynapsed chromosomes during pachynema, suggesting that persistent DNA damage is unlikely to be the proximal cause of diplotene oocyte losses in chromosomally abnormal mice. I also show that oocytes with asynapsed accessory (i.e. supernumerary) chromosomes are not eliminated during diplonema, suggesting that asynapsis per se is not sufficient to cause germ cell loss. In support of the meiotic silencing model of germ cell loss, I find that deletion of the meiotic silencing factor H2afx prevents diplotene oocyte elimination in XO females. I show that meiotic silencing is less robust in oocytes compared to spermatocytes, and that this may be associated with sex-specific differences in the epigenetics of meiotic silencing. Finally, I report on the meiotic characterization of Brca1 and Hormad2 mutant mouse models, and in doing so ascribe critical roles for them in the meiotic silencing pathway. Together, these studies inform a meiotic silencing-based mechanism of prophase I surveillance against asynapsis.
THE ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF ARTEMISIA DESERTI ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND DIAZINON ON MALE RAT KIDNEY

Background: Artemisia is a diverse genus of Asteraceae family that has pharmacological effects such as antiinflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic and is used for treatment of diseases, including antioxidant effects against oxidative stress. Objectives: This study investigated the antioxidant effects of Artemisia deserti Krasch extract and diazinon. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Artemisia deserti was collected from Isfahan, Iran then 20 g of flower powder was extracted with 150 mL 80% ethanol and the 100, 200 mg/kg concentrations of ethanolic extract were prepared. The 48 male rats were divided in to 6 groups include the 1. Control, 2. diazinon treated group, 3. Diazinon + extract (100 mg/kg), 4. Diazinon + extract (200 mg/kg), 5 and 6. extract treated groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) respectively. The blood samples were collected and the rate of urea, uric acid, creatinine, serum total antioxidant and MDA (malondialdehyde) were assayed in serum. Also, the kidney tissue was isolated for histopathological examination. Finally, the statistical comparisons were done with one-way ANOVA test. Results: The rate of creatinine and MDA were changed significantly in the group that had received the extract (200 mg/kg) alone. Moreover, results indicate tissue disorders in all groups compared to controls, including the degeneration of proximal and distal tubules, atrophied glomeruli and accumulation of inflammatory cells. These abnormalities were associated with oxidative stress in some groups. Conclusions: Diazinon cause oxidative stress and kidney disorders, similar to the effect of artemisinin on kidney; therefore, simultaneous use of these compounds could enhance the toxic effects.
THE EFFECT OF Sauropus androgynus LEAF EXTRACT ON PERFORMANCE, EGG QUALITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EGGS

The purpose of this research was to produce the enriched eggs , but low in cholesterol content. Forty eight layer chicken s aged 72 weeks (strain Dekalb Warren) were distributed in to six treatment groups . One group of laying hens was fed diets without Sauropus androgynus leaf extract (SALE) as the control, and another five groups were fed diet supplemented to 9 g SALE, 18 g SALE, 27 g SALE, 36 g SALE, and 45 g SALE /kg diet , respectively . Completely randomized design was used in the present study. The e xperimental results showed that SALE supplementation had no effe ct on egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio , egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, shell egg, egg index, egg shell thickness, and yolk index (P>0 . 05) , but significantly affected H augh U nit , albumen index , yolk color , egg odor, egg taste , and yolk color (P 0 . 05), but the c holesterol content of egg was significantly reduced (P<0 . 05). In conclusion, the supplementation of SALE did not enhance performance, but it improve egg quality and its chemical composition.
Differential Reactivity of Microglia in Two Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis

i Acknowledgements I want to thank my advisor, Dr. Jeff Dupree, for providing me with knowledge and advice over the past two years, and for helping me learn what it means to be a researcher. He always urged me to learn more and move forward with a clear hypothesis in mind. His guidance was instrumental in completing my project and I cannot thank him enough for everything he has done for me. I would like to thank my other lab members for all their assistance and encouragement. I especially want to thank Kareem Clark and Savannah Benusa for providing me with their expertise and teaching me, and for their encouragement when obstacles arose. Their guidance was invaluable and I could not have completed this project without their help. I want to thank Nick George, my fellow master's student, for providing support as we persevered through our research together. I also want to thank Brooke Sword, our laboratory technician, for helping me with my mice and our undergraduate students for their assistance in various aspects of this project.
Dominant-subordinate relationships in a facultatively social, nocturnal bee, Megalopta genalis (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

The potential for the formation of social relationships was explored for the facultatively social halictine bee, Megalopta genalis, using experimental circular arenas. Observing pairs of females from different nests, we examined the initiation of agonistic behavior, and the expression and relative frequency of dominance behavior in terms of phenotypic differences between interacting bees. Within pairs older females with relatively larger ovaries tended to be dominant over younger females with smaller ovaries, and females with fewer nest-mates tended to initiate agonistic interactions. Bees also modified their behavior over a 24-hour time frame and were more pacific when paired with the same bee in repeated trials. Our observations suggest that these predominantly solitary bees have the capabilities to express cooperative and social dominance behavior typical of the halictines with obligate social behavior.
Benzyladenine and Shortened Light/Dark Cycles Improve in Vitro Shoot Proliferation of Peach

light can have sig- proliferation of shoots in vitro. Benzyladenine (BA) has been generally used for in vitro shoot proliferation of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. ] (Almehdi and Parfitt, 1986; Hammerschlag et al., 1987), but BA and thidiazuron (TDZ) have not, to our knowledge, been compared. Cycles of 4 h light/2 h dark have been shown to increase in vitro growth and proliferation of P. ceracifera and a P. persica × P. dulcis hybrid when compared with a 16-h light/8-h dark cycle (Morini et al., 1990). The objective of our study was to determine the influences of light/dark cycles and TDZ vs. BA on peach shoot proliferation.
Arctic fox (Vulpes Lagopus) use of feeding dispensers and bait stations in Central Norway : impact of intra-guild competition and rodent abundance

III Sammendrag . V Introduction . 2 Materials and methods. 5 Study sites. 5 Field method . 6 Data processing . 7 Variables . 8 Statistical analysis . 8 Results . 10 Species visits at feeding dispensers and bait stations . 10 Spatial and temporal use . 12 Use of feeding dispensers and bait stations in relation to rodent cycle and season . 14 Discussion . 16 Species visits at feeding dispensers and bait stations . 16 Species coexistence . 17 Use of feeding dispensers and bait stations in relation to rodent years and seasons . 19 Conclusion and management implications . 21 Cititations . 22
Incorporating cannibalism and inter-species predation effects into the hake assessment model: Methods and some preliminary results

Hake cannibalism and inter-species predation is modelled explicitly using a Type II functional response. Because of the fast dynamics of predation compared to other processes, the standard hake assessment model is converted from a yearly to a monthly time-step. Convergence of model fits is difficult to achieve both because of providing good estimates for starting values and of the tendency of the model towards oscillating behaviour. Thus far satisfactory fits have been obtained only from a somewhat reduced level of predation compared to that thought to occur. These results suggest that both hake species are at higher levels relative to pristine than for the standard assessment.
Association of the Fusarium Wilt Race 3 Resistance Gene, I-3, on Chromosome 7 with Increased Susceptibility to Bacterial Spot Race T4 in Tomato

A BSTRACT . Bacterial spot of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), caused by several Xanthomonas species, is one of the most important diseases of the crop in humid production regions of the world. Conventional breeding approaches for resistance to bacterial spot previously identiﬁed race-speciﬁc resistances, but current efforts also seek to use quantitative trait loci (QTLs) effecting broad-spectrum resistance. Resistance QTLs and candidate QTLs have been reported on several chromosomes, including a major QTL on chromosome 11. Fusarium wilt ( Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ) race 3 resistance gene, I-3 , is associated with smaller fruit size and has been implicated in other associations with negative characteristics. We evaluated four F 2 populations involving the bacterial spot-tolerant breeding lines Fla. 8517, Fla. 8233, and Fla. 8326 across two ﬁeld seasons to validate and quantify previously identiﬁed loci and to test for an effect of I-3 on bacterial spot sensitivity. The chromosome 11 QTL and the I-3 locus were each consistently positively and negatively associated with resistance, respectively, and together explained from 44% to 47% of the variation in each population. The chromosome 11 QTL displayed a dominant to incompletely dominant effect, reducing infection by 14% to 25%. This QTL is distinct from the X. perforans race T3 hypersensitivity loci, Rx-4 and Xv3 . The I-3 locus contributed to as much as a 20% increase in infection in I-3/I-3 plants vs. i-3/i-3 plants, and heterozygosity for I-3 generally resulted in an intermediate susceptible response. Signiﬁcant effects for QTLs on chromosomes 3, 5, and 12 were also observed, but these effects were not consistent in all populations or seasons in which they were segregating. Implications of these ﬁndings toward breeding strategies are discussed.
EphA3 As a Target For Monoclonal Antibody Therapy For Acute Leukemia

Eph receptor tyrosine kinases interact with cell-surface ephrin ligands to direct cell growth, migration and cell positioning. High expression of EphA3 in a number of cancers has been linked to progression through facilitation of invasiveness and metastatic spread. EphA3 protein, which was originally described in leukemia, has also reported to be expressed in sarcomas, lung cancer, melanoma and glioblastoma. Using a Humaneered® derivative of the IIIA4 anti-EphA3 monoclonal antibody, KB004 (KaloBios Pharmaceuticals Inc), a clinical trial has commenced which targets the EphA3 protein in leukemia. The EphA3-specific monoclonal antibody, IIIA4, binds and activates human and mouse EphA3 with similar affinities, binding is followed by internalization of receptor-antibody complexes. We have shown high expression of EphA3 in the LK63 pre-B ALL and no expression of EphA3 in the Reh, a similar pre-B ALL cell line. We have examined the effect of the IIIA4 antibody in LK63 and Reh NOD/SCID xenograft models. In the LK63 xenograft model, administration of the IIIA4 antibody led to inhibition of tumour growth and decrease spread from bone marrow to the spleen and other organs and increased the latency of the disease, however no reduction in engraftment was observed in Reh xenograft model, suggesting that the effect was directed against the leukemic cells rather than the stromal and vascular elements. To further analyse the function of EphA3 expression, LK63 EphA3 knock down and EphA3-transfected Reh cells were tested in the xengraft model. Similar to LK63, antibody-treated Reh EphA3 xenografts showed reduction in the bone marrow engraftment and increased the latency of the disease. In contrast, LK63 EphA3 knock down xenografts showed minimal difference between treated and control group but notably showed a significant reduction in the splenic engraftment compared to the normal LK63 model. These results are consistent with IIIA4-mediated effects on the growth of EphA3-positive leukemic cells in the bone marrow and a secondary effect on the subsequent spread of the leukemic cells to extra-medullary sites and provides evidence that EphA3 is a functional therapeutic target in acute leukemias. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Thidiazuron induced shoot regeneration in the endangered species, Exacum travancoricum Beedi

In vitro propagation of Exacum travancoricum through direct organogenesis with a mean of 28±0.19 shoots per internode explants was achieved upon culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). Benzyladenine was inferior to TDZ in the induction of shoots. The developed shoots rooted best on MS medium with 3.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The plantlets exhibited 80% survival in ex vitro conditions.
Nocturnal exercise phase delays circadian rhythms of melatonin and thyrotropin and thyrotropin secretion in normal men

To determine whether a single episode of physical activity is capable of inducing rapid phase shifts in human circadian rhythms, 17 subjects were studied two times under constant routine conditions, once in the absence of stimulus and once with a 3-h nighttime pulse of exercise interrupting the constant routine conditions. The profiles of plasma cortisol, thyrotropin (TSH), and melatonin and of body temperature were monitored continuously to derive estimations of circadian phase position. The phase shifts were measured on the 1st day after exercise exposure. The timing of the exercise period ranged from -5 h to +4 h around the time of the minimum body temperature rhythm
In vitro digestibility of native grass hay.

Method of storage had a greater effect on the in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) of native grass hay than either storage time or date of cutting. The nutritive value of native hay was maintained better by storing it in round bales than by storing it in windrows, bunches or letting it remain standing. The first 60 days in storage was the period when native hay had the greatest loss of nutritive value regardless of storage method. There was an interaction of cutting date and year on DMD. The early cut hay in 1962 had a higher DMD (42.7%) than the late cut hay (40.3%). There was no difference in 1963 (40.6 vs. 40.1%).
High mobility group box-1 (hmgb1) in systemic vasculitides

The nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of several vascular diseases such as systemic vasculitis and atherosclerosis. In systemic vasculitides including ANCA-associated vasculitis and Kawasaki disease, serumHMGB1 levels are higher in patientswith active disease compared to healthy controls. In atherosclerotic disease, HMGB1 displays increased expression in nuclei and cytoplasm of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the atherosclerotic lesions, and is implicated in the progression of the atherosclerotic plaque. Experimental models of acute coronary syndromes and cerebrovascular accidents show that HMGB1 is not only involved in the amplification of the inflammatory response during acute ischemic injury, but also in the recovery and remodeling process after ischemia. Patients with acute coronary syndromes or stroke present significantly higher serum levels of HMGB1 than healthy controls and levels are associated with disease severity and mortality. Here we review clinical and experimental studies dealing with the role of HMGB1 in vascular diseases.
Rozites, Cuphocybe and Rapacea are taxonomic synonyms of Cortinarius: New combinations and new names

Results of recent molecular phylogenetic studies using rDNA sequences of ITS and LSU showed that Rozites is nested within Cortinarius and polyphyletic. Rozites spp. were delimited from Cortinarius spp. by having both a membranaecous universal veil and a membranaceous partial veil in the form of a persistent annulus. However, molecular studies suggest that membranaceous veils have independently evolved several times in the genus Cortinarius. Cuphocybe and Rapacea are also nested within Cortinarius, making the latter genus paraphyletic. The morphological delimitation of all these genera is critical: Cuphocye spp. lack an annulus or cortina, but have pigmented veil fibrils or scales; the monotypic genus Rapacea accommodates a taxon macroscopically resembling Cortinarius spp. , but with pale, nearly smooth and thick-walled basidiospores. In order to acknowledge the phylogenetic relationships and the given morphological transitions between these genera and Cortinarius, we recommend synonymizing Rozites, Cuphocybe and Rapacea with Cortinarius, making 16 new combinations and providing 10 new names, which became necessary due to homonyms.
Description of a new species of Periophthalmus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Lesser Sunda Islands

We describe Periophthalmus pusing sp. nov., a mudskipper species from the Lesser Sunda Islands. This species closely resembles, and was previously identified as, its congener Periophthalmus gracilis Eggert, 1935. A black spot on the posterior portion of the first dorsal fin, a diagnostic character for P. gracilis, is also present in the new species, and thus led to the earlier confusion. Adults of Periophthalmus pusing sp. nov. (> 30 mm SL) differ from those of Periophthalmus gracilis in having XI–XV spines in the first dorsal-fin (vs. VI–XII in P. gracilis), first dorsal fin taller than depth of body at anus (first dorsal fin shorter than depth of body at anus in Periophthalmus gracilis), interdorsal distance less than half the length of the first dorsal-fin spine (interdorsal distance more than half the length of the first dorsal-fin spine in Periophthalmus gracilis).
Undigested Uptake of Non-Host Proteins by Varroa Jacobsoni

SummaryNutrition of the sucking mite Varroa jacobsoni includes macromolecular resorption of proteins. Undegraded Apis proteins can be detected in the blood and eggs of the mite by immuno-techniques. Uptake of proteinaceous molecules without digestion is not restricted to host proteins, as was demonstrated by the injection of bovine serum albumen into adult worker honeybees and its subsequent detection in the haemocoel of female mites which had fed on the injected bees for 12–48 h.
Structure Prediction of KiSS1-derived Peptide Receptor Using Comparative Modelling

KiSS1-derived peptide receptor, a GPCR protein, binds with the hormone kiss peptin. They are important in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction and in the secretion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. Thus, analysing the structural features of the receptor becomes important. However, the three dimensional structure of the protein is unavailable. Hence in this study, we have performed the homology modelling of KiSS1-derived peptide receptor with 5 different templates. 30 models were constructed using two platforms – Easymodeller and ITasser. The optimal models were chosen based on the model validation. Two models were selected after validation. The developed models could provide useful for analysing the structural features of KiSS1-derived peptide receptor and their pathophysiological role in various disorders related to them.
A Rapid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Photodiode Array Detection Method to Determine Phenolic Compounds in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)

A fast method was developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of 12 phenolic compounds in mung bean, using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The method was optimized for mobile phase combination, elution gradient, detection wavelength, and solvent extraction. All the phenolic compounds (gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, t-ferulic acid, vitexin, isovitexin, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol) were eluted for 18 min and recovered within a limit as per International Council for Harmonization guidelines. The method showed good linearity with correlation coefficient of 0.998. The limit of detection and quantification of all the compounds ranges from 0.27 ± 0.01 to 3.65 ± 0. 3µg/mL and 0.91 ± 0.1 to 12.17 ± 0. 9µg/mL, respectively. Vitexin (28.10 ± 0.20 to 29.60 ± 0.6 mg/100 g raw material) and isovitexin (34.09 ± 0.14 to 36.83 ± 0.82 mg/100 g raw material) were the major phenolic compounds along with other phenolic compounds found in mung beans.