Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Secure Data Retrieval for Decentralized Disruption – Tolerant Military Networks

Mobile nodes in military environment are suffered from intermittent network connectivity. DTN technologies are fast and becoming popular solutions in military application that allows wireless devices in the network to communicate with each other and also allow accessing the confidential data in trustworthy manner by utilizing storage node. When there is no end to end connection between source node and destination then message from source node need to wait until connection is established. Attribute Based encryption is suitable approach to fulfill requirement of securely accessing data from DTN . Some of the most challenging issues in this scenario are the enforcement of authorization policies and the policies update for secure data retrieval. Scalability is provided by CP -ABE for data encryption and decryption. For decryption to take place the decryptor has to possess some attributes that matches or corresponds with the one defined by security policy of the access control. We demonstrate how to apply the proposed mechanism to securely and efficiently manage the confidential data distributed in the disruption-tolerant military network.
Anycast, Multicast and Beyond: the Role of Manycast in DTN Communication

With the recent proliferation of wireless communication devices, intermittent connectivity on the edge will quickly become a reality. These disruption tolerant networks, which are highly heterogeneous by nature, derive structure from node interaction and mobility. Despite this heterogeneity, the historical Internet-style design principle of point-to-point communication has dominated the DTN realm, severely hindering what could be a rich and diverse medium for new applications. This paper supports the concept of group-based communication in DTNs by exploring the paradigm ofmanycast routing, where the goal is to reach at least k members of a group of size m. This very general paradigm inherently includes other group-based routing concepts such as anycast
Serological survey using ELISA to determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever) in sheep and goats in Great Britain

SUMMARY A survey of Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever) in sheep flocks and goat herds in Great Britain was undertaken. A total of 5791 sheep (384 flocks) and 522 goats (145 herds) were examined for C. burnetii antibodies using an ELISA. Overall, 53 sheep (37 flocks), and four goats (four herds), tested positive. Estimates of individual animal, between-flock/-herd and within-flock/-herd crude prevalences were 0·9%, 10·2% and 9·0%, respectively, for sheep, and 0·8%, 3% and 26·3%, respectively, for goats. With sheep, the likelihood of an animal testing positive increased with total flock size (P = 0·002) and number of breeding ewes in the flock (P = 0·021). It also increased with number of goats within a 10 km radius (P = 0·038). There was no evidence for spatial clustering of positive herds above that expected by chance alone. No analysis of risk factors was attempted for goats because of the paucity of positives.
Regulation of the ecdysone receptor, USP, E75 and MHR3 mRNAs by 20‐hydroxyecdysone in the GV1 cell line of the tobacco hornworm,
 Manduca sexta

The responsiveness of several nuclear transcription factor genes to 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) was characterized in an embryonic cell line, GV1, from Manduca sexta . The mRNA for the Manduca ecdysone receptor ( Ms EcR) was present in the GV1 cells and transiently increased 2.3‐fold by 5 h after the addition of 2 μg/ml (4 × 10−6 M ) 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E). In contrast, Manduca ultraspiracle ( Ms USP) mRNA level in the GV1 cells decreased slowly to half of its initial level by 12 h when exposed to the same concentration of 20E. The mRNAs for two putative transcription factors, Ms E75 and MHR3, were induced in the GV1 cells by 20E, with that for E75 appearing within 1 h whereas that for MHR3 within 2 h. The ED50s for induction of MsE75 and MHR3 gene expression in GV1 cells were 1.2 × 10−6 and 2.5 × 10−6 M 20E, respectively.
Bulk wave FSAT for 2D optic fiber endoscopic echography

Piezoelectric transducers have long dominated US transducer technology, and current state-of-the-art arrays includes high-quality linear, convex and phased array probes. These probes require a large number of individually controlled emitting/receiving elements and the associated wiring and multiplexing circuitry. Such complexity hampers the possibility of manufacturing compact and miniaturized probes. The aim of this work is to describe how to design a bulk wave piezoelectric transducer with beam steering capabilities by simply patterning the distribution of piezoelectric material on the active surface and without using complex electronic devices. Numerical analyses prove the reliability of the detailed approach.
Media: lumen ratio in human small resistance arteries is related to forearm minimal vascular resistance

Background For the evaluation in humans of structural alterations in resistance arteries, most studies have used an indirect index, the measurement of minimal vascular resistance (mean blood pressure divided by maximal postischaemic blood flow) in suitable vascular beds. A sensitive and specific micromyographic technique was recently made available for the study of human small resistance arteries. Whether a correlation really exists between results obtained with the two techniques has not yet been investigated. Objective To evaluate both forearm minimal vascular resistance and media: lumen ratio of omental or subcutaneous small arteries in normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients. Design and methods Thirty-four individuals were included in the study (age range 35–74 years; 24 hypertensive, 10 normotensive). Twenty-five had elective abdominal surgery and nine hypertensive patients had a gluteal biopsy. Omental and subcutaneous small arteries were dissected and mounted on a wire micromyograph (Mulvany's technique), and media: lumen ratio and media thickness were measured. The dose-response curve to noradrenaline was constructed at cumulative concentrations from 3 ± 10–9 to 3 ± 10–5 mol/l. Venous occlusion plethysmography was used to measure blood flow in the forearm, and minimal vascular resistance was calculated from mean blood pressure and postischaemic maximal blood flow (13 min ischaemia plus exercise). Results A statistically significant correlation was found between media: lumen ratio and minimal vascular resistance (r = 0.74, P < 0.001) as well as between media: lumen ratio and systolic (r = 0.44, P < 0.01) and diastolic (r = 0.38, P < 0.05) blood pressures. Similar correlations were observed between media thickness and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Small arteries from hypertensive patients had a significantly increased reactivity to noradrenaline (by analysis of variance) compared with those from normotensive subjects, in terms of wall tension but not of active media stress. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that the media: lumen ratio of small resistance vessels is significantly related to forearm minimal vascular resistance, suggesting that direct and indirect evaluations of vascular morphology will give similar results.
Long‐term survivors of breast cancer: A qualitative descriptive study

The purpose of this study was to explore the daily lived experience of women who have survived breast cancer beyond 5 years without recurrence. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to collect and analyze the stories of 25 women, 40–78 years of age, with 5–26 years of survival time. Informants participated in three interviews that were transcribed and analyzed. Informants described “going through” a survival process that involved movement through several phases. The phases included interpreting the diagnosis, confronting mortality, reprioritizing, coming to terms, moving on, and flashing back. Phases were interpreted within the context of informants' backgrounds, sources of meaning, and explanatory models of understanding illness. Many informants described the emergence of a more authentic self as a result of the cancer experience. Many informants emerged from the cancer experience with a clearer sense of self, gratitude for life, and strength and confidence in their ability to manage life crises. Findings suggest that care might best be provided by understanding the context of each person's life.
Effect of acute glucose antagonism on hypophyseal hormones and concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding proteins in serum, anterior pituitary, and hypothalamus of ewes.

The objectives of this study were to determine whether 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), a metabolic inhibitor of glucose, 1) differentially affected release of LH, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL); 2) decreased anterior pituitary response to GnRH; and 3) altered concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and intensity of 125I-IGF-I binding to proteins (IGFBPs) in serum, anterior pituitary (AP), and hypothalamus (preoptic are [POA], medial basal hypothalamus [MBH], and stalk median eminence [SME]). In trial 1, mature, ovariectomized, crossbred ewes were treated with a single s.c. injection of either saline (n = 5) or 2DG (n = 5; 0.1 g/kg BW). Administration of 2DG suppressed (p < 0.05) concentrations of LH but did not affect (p > 0.05) serum concentrations of GH or PRL. In trial 2, ovariectomized ewes received injections of saline or 2DG, and each group was subdivided to receive either saline or GnRH analog (5 micrograms; Des-Gly10-[D-Ala6]) 2 h later. Administration of 2DG suppressed (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of LH before administration of GnRH; however, release of LH in response to exogenous GnRH was greater (p < 0.05) in ewes that received 2DG. Treatment with 2DG did not affect (p > 0.05) concentrations of FSH before or after administration of GnRH. In trial 3, 10 ovariectomized ewes were slaughtered 2 h after treatment with saline (n = 5) or 2DG (n = 5). Serum and tissues collected at slaughter (AP, MBH, SME, and POA) were analyzed for concentrations of IGF-I by RIA and intensity of 125I-IGF-I binding to proteins by ligand blotting. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Communication over Asynchronous Networks: Signaling and Rate-Reliability Analysis

Asynchronism inherently exists in many communication systems specially in multi-terminal networks mainly due to the effect of multi-path and propagation delay. While in theoretical analysis of communication systems perfect synchronization of the terminals is often presumed, in some cases in which the nodes are randomly distributed over a geometrical area, it might be impossible to synchronize the nodes even if an ideal infrastructure service provider is used. In this work, two major categories of multi-user communication systems, i.e., relay networks and interference channels, are considered and the effect of the asynchronism among the terminals on characteristic properties of these channels are investigated. In Chapter 2, the construction of distributed space-time codes for a general two-hop asynchronous cooperative relay network is considered. A novel algebraic structure is proposed and shown to achieve full diversity for arbitrary number of relays, arbitrary input alphabets, and arbitrary delay profiles among the relays. Unlike previously proposed delay tolerant schemes, the new design has minimum length which translates into smaller decoding complexity at the same transmission rate. Full-rate and full-diversity are achieved by the new designs with or without the use of guard intervals between successive transmissions. Simulation results confirm the mathematical analysis of the proposed codes. In Chapter 3, the underlying asynchronous network is examined for various relaying protocols such as non-orthogonal selection decode-and-forward, orthogonal selection decode-and-forward, non-orthogonal amplify-and-forward (NAF), and orthogonal amplify-and-forward (OAF). The transmitter nodes send pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signals, in which information symbols are linearly modulated by a shaping waveform to be sent to the destination, asynchronously. We consider two different cases with respect to the type of the shaping waveforms used in the structure of the PAM signals. In the theoretical case where band-limited shaping waveforms are used, it is shown that the asynchronism does not affect the DMT performance of the system and the same DMT as that of the corresponding synchronous network is obtained for all the aforementioned protocols. In the practical case where time-limited shaping waveforms are used, it is shown that
Do conventional pathologic features lose their prognostic significance following postoperative radiation therapy in pathologic stage I–II endometrial adenocarcinoma?

Recent data have suggested that conventional pathologic features (myometrial invasion (MI), grade, stage) lose their prognostic significance following postoperative radiation therapy (RT) in Stage I–II endometrial carcinoma. Our goal was to test this finding in a large cohort of women treated at our institution. Between 1980 and 1997, 188 Stage I (140) and II (48) endometrial adenocarcinoma patients received postoperative RT. RT consisted of pelvic RT (112), vaginal brachytherapy (36), or both (40). Clinicopathologic factors were evaluated as prognostic factors on both univariate and multivariate analyses. Factors correlated with recurrence on univariate analysis included MI (P = 0.05), grade (P = 0.07), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (P = 0.001) and stage (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis confirmed the significance of grade (P = 0.02), LVI (P = 0.001), and stage (P = 0.02). Conventional pathologic features do not lose their prognostic significance in pathologic Stage I–II endometrial adenocarcinoma patients following postoperative RT. These factors should continue to be used to identify women at risk for recurrence despite adjuvant RT. New prognostic markers are needed to better identify high‐risk patients. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 224–230 (2000). © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A ‘scalar’ discrete-time model for a digitally controlled h-bridge grid-connected inverter

This paper describes the modeling of a digitally controlled H-bridge grid-connected inverter system, which is widely used in distributed generation system. By using analytical expression of the elements in matrix exponential, the stability and dynamic behavior in this system is studied via a `scalar' discrete-time model witch concerns the time-delay in digitally controlled system. By using this model, interrelation of state variables and system parameters can be analytically described by scalar coefficients. Then, the instability phenomenon of the system is accurately predicted, and the analytical expression of stability boundary can be obtained. Finally, the theoretical results are confirmed by both simulation and experiment results.
MEK7-dependent Activation of p38 MAP Kinase in Keratinocytes*

Previous studies suggest that a PKC/Ras/MEKK1 cascade regulates involucrin (hINV) gene expression in human epidermal keratinocytes. MEK7, which is expressed in epidermis, has been identified as a member of this cascade (Efimova, T., LaCelle, P., Welter, J. F., and Eckert, R. L. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 24387–24395 and Efimova, T. , and Eckert, R. L. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 1601–1607). However, the kinase that functions downstream of MEK7 has not been identified. Our present studies show that MEK7 expression in keratinocytes markedly activates p38α and modestly activates JNK. Activation of p38 MAPK by MEK7 is a novel finding, as previous reports have assigned MEK7 as a JNK regulator. We also demonstrate that this regulation is physiologically important, as the p38α- and JNK-dependent activities regulate hINV promoter activity and expression of the endogenous hINVgene.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERANCE TO KETAMINE IN RATS AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HEPATIC METABOLISM

1 A decrease in sleeping time in rats pretreated with ten daily doses of ketamine compared to controls is shown. 2 This decrease in sleeping time is associated with a more rapid decrease in circulating and brain levels of ketamine and its N‐demethylated metabolite and higher levels of the subsequent oxidation metabolite in the pretreated animals. 3 Metabolism of ketamine to its N‐demethylated metabolite by liver homogenates in vitro was more rapid when the livers were obtained from ketamine pretreated rats. 4 Microsomal preparations from rat liver were capable of metabolizing ketamine to its N‐demethylated metabolite and this metabolite to the subsequent oxidation metabolite in vitro. The Vmax and Km for the first reaction calculated from loss of substrate were 433 mol mg−1 protein h−1 and 0.133 mm respectively and 199 nmol mg−1 protein h−1 and 0.121 mm for the second reaction. 5 The results indicate that tolerance to ketamine in rats is associated with increased hepatic metabolism which can also be demonstrated in vitro in liver homogenates.
An algorithm to enhance security in RSA

In symmetric key cryptography the sender as well as the receiver possess a common key. Asymmetric key cryptography involves generation of two distinct keys which are used for encryption and decryption correspondingly. The sender converts the original message to cipher text using the public key while the receiver can decipher this using his private key. This is also called Public Key Cryptography. For every public key there can exist only one private key that can decipher the encrypted text. Security of RSA Algorithm can be compromised using mathematical attack, by guessing the factors of a large number. It may also be compromised if one can guess the private key. In accordance with the mathematical attack, we propose a secure algorithm in this paper. In this algorithm, we try to eliminate the distribution of n which is the large number whose factors if found compromises the RSA algorithm. We also present a comparative analysis of the proposed algorithm with the RSA algorithm.
Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer – Chemotherapies and Molecular Targets

castration-resistant prostate cancer has a poor prognosis: current chemotherapeutic approaches ultimately result in resistance and are associated with survival rates of less than 2 years. however, the last decade has seen an expansion in the number of therapeutic options for cRPc and the regulatory approval of several agents, including the chemotherapy drug cabazitaxel and the targeted agents abiraterone acetate, enzalatumide and denosumab. Novel targeted agents inhibit androgen receptor-mediated signalling, and non-hormonal targets, including apoptosis, signal transduction pathway inhibitors, angiogenesis and bone and immune microenvironments. clinical trials of these agents, however, have demonstrated varied efficacy. among the drugs in clinical development, custirsen, cabozantinib and dasatinib are among the most promising. There is a requirement for studies directly comparing agents, and for improved patient selection to identify patients benefitting from a particular therapy.
How Do Crisis Affect Economic Policy

: After recession that began in 2007 in the United States and subsequently spilled over the Europe we could expect recovery of economic growth. According to the last estimation of economic progress of European countries, this recovery is not strong enough. Among others, it will depend on economic policy, where and in which way, the economic indicators will proceed. Economic theories postulate that the economic subjects prefer stably, continual economic policy without repeated and strong fluctuations. This policy is perceived as support of economic growth. Mostly in crises period, when the government must cope with consequences of recession, the economic policy becomes unpredictable for many subjects and economic policy uncertainty grows, which have negative influence on economic growth. The aim of this paper is to use panel regression to prove or disprove this hypothesis on the example of five largest European economies in the period 2008–2012.
ESRATE: Extreme state-ranked based traffic estimation of workload factoring for cloud computing

In Cloud Computing workload happens between a local web server and proxy servers. The typical method, the workload factoring decision is predefined manually over a set of most popular objects. For such common object detection in requests tails, many schemes have proposed for fast request rate estimation in traffic monitoring and fast counting for most popular data item for which request arrived. Accurate request rate estimation is necessary for resource planning & management, measuring compliance to SLAs and cloud security especially in Cloud Computing where we are talking about Integrated, Heterogeneous or Hybrid Cloud deployment model. we propose ESRATE (Extreme State-Rank based Traffic Estimation) as efficient Workload Factoring algorithm with some stated features, which enables factoring of incoming oppressive requests on the basis of ‘State, State-Rank & Request-Weight-Coefficient’ unambiguously and also easily implementable in hardware for operation at high speeds. In this scheme, we achieve up to three orders of magnitude speedup in estimation time. The speedups are succeeded with low memory usage by using “State-Rank {0,1,Ø}” instead of runs or coincidences. This new scheme has many benefits at high oppressive workload including quicker detection of unhandled oppressive data items or spikes. As result, we show that the proposed scheme is faster and more accurate than other schemes. We also prove and show that well performance of efficient simulation technique with request size or estimation time, accuracy, memory needs, average request rate estimation, average request sending rate.
Management and outcomes of lower risk patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes in a multinational observational registry

Objective: To document patterns of risk stratification, management practices, and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) presenting without high risk features. Patients: The study was based on 11 885 consecutive patients presenting with non-ST segment elevation ACS enrolled in GRACE (global registry of acute coronary events). Patients without dynamic ST segment changes, positive troponin (or other cardiac markers), or haemodynamic or arrhythmic instability were defined as being at lower risk. Main outcome measures: Management and outcomes were compared with high risk presentations. Results: Of 11 885 patients presenting with unstable angina or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 4252 (36%) were regarded as being at lower risk. Functional testing for risk stratification was performed in 1163 of 4207 (28%) lower risk and 1531 of 7521 (20%) high risk patients (p < 0.0001). Coronary angiography was performed in 1930 of 4190 (46%) and 3860 of 7544 (51%), and echocardiography in 1692 of 4190 (40%) and 4348 of 7533 (58%) of lower risk and high risk patients, respectively (p < 0.0001 for both). Over one third of patients did not undergo further risk assessment with angiography or functional testing (2746 of 7437 (37%) high risk, 1499 of 4148 (36%) lower risk, not significant). Death occurring in hospital was more likely in the high risk cohort (41 of 4227 (1.0%) lower risk v 215 of 7586 (2.8%) high risk, p < 0.0001), whereas rates of recurrent angina during admission and readmission were similar in both groups (1354 of 4231 (32%) high risk, 2313 of 7587 (31%) lower risk, not significant). In the six months after discharge, death or myocardial infarction occurred in 79 of 3223 (2.5%) lower risk patients and 302 of 5451 (5.5%) high risk patients (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Globally, further risk stratification after ACS presentation is suboptimal, regardless of presenting characteristics. Although in-hospital death and myocardial infarction are uncommon, recurrent ischaemia is encountered often in both groups. It remains to be seen whether better outcomes may be achieved with wider application of risk stratification and appropriately directed management strategies.