Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A3: Automatic Analysis of Android Malware

—Recently, Android malware is spreading rapidly. Although static or dynamic analysis techniques for detecting Android malware can provide a comprehensive view, it is still subjected to time consuming and high cost in deployment and manual efforts. In this paper, we propose A3, an Automatic Analysis of Android malware, to detect Android malware automatically. Unlike traditional reverse-engineering methods, A3 looks for Command & Control (C&C) Server), monitors the sensitive API invoking, and declares I ntent-filter automatically. Then it constructs the relationship graph of the function calls and key contexts or paths for detecting Android malware. The experimental results show that A3 can do an effective automatic analysis for Android malware and has a good performance.
INTERACTION OF CENTROSOMAL COMPONENT SPD-5 WITH WNT SIGNALS IN THE CONTROL OF CELL POLARITY IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

All multicellular organisms consist of a variety of cell types. One of the mechanisms to generate this cellular diversity is the asymmetric cell division, which requires the establishment of cell polarity. In Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites , 807 of 949 somatic cell divisions are asymmetric. The centrosome and the Wnt signaling pa thway both have been shown to regulate cell polarity and subsequently asymmetric divisions in many model organisms. However, it is not clear whether the Wnt signaling pathway manipul ates the cell polarity through specific cellular organelles, such as the centrosome. To add ress this question, we examined a centrosomal component, SPD-5, to see whether it cooperates with the Wnt signaling pathway to regulate certain asymmetric cell divisions. We showed that S PD-5, which was originally found to be critical for the embryonic development, also played a role during certain post-embryonic cell divisions in C. elegans. Specifically the asymmetric divisions of seam cel ls that required SPD-5 function were also known to be regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway. Thus the stem-cell like seam cell divisions could be an intriguing system t o study the interaction of centrosomes and the Wnt pathway. We found that SPD-5 was required for a successful cell division, similar to other centrosomal components. This suggests that SPD-5 st ill functions as a centrosomal component during C. elegans post-embryonic development. It has been shown that est blishment of seam cell polarity relies on the asymmetric localization f certain Wnt pathway components. Interestingly, we found that SPD-5 was required for the proper localization of several Wnt components in a way that was independent of a key M TOC (microtubule-organizing center) member γ-tubulin. In addition, SPD-5 genetically interacted with the Wnt pathway components APR-1/APC and POP-1/Tcf to regulate asymmetric divi sions of seam cells. These data suggest that SPD-5 interacts with the Wnt signaling pathway in controlling the polarity of seam cells. Overall, our results suggest a novel role of SPD-5 in cooperating with the Wnt signaling pathway to regulate cell polarity and asymmetric cell divis ion, in addition to its function as a centrosomal component. INTERACTION OF CENTROSOMAL COMPONENT SPD-5 WITH WNT SIGNALS IN THE CONTROL OF CELL POLARITY IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS
1 FUNCTIONAL STABILISATION AND PARTNER SELECTION DURING REPEATED 2 CO-CULTIVATION IN A METHANOTROPHIC INTERACTOME 3

Background Biological oxidation of methane (CH4) is an essential ecosystem function. Accumulating evidence indicated that this function is mediated by associations of methanotrophic bacteria (MOB) with non-methanotrophic partners; together referred to as a methanotrophic interactome. Given the potency of CH4 as a greenhouse gas, a thorough understanding of how these interactomes exert an effect on methane oxidation is of special interest. Furthermore, MOB non-MOB associations could be exploited for sustainable biotechnological applications in light of the renewed interest in MOB as natural and cost-efficient biocatalysts. The selectivity of MOB for non-MOB partners, as well as the stimulation of MOB activity (CH4 oxidation rate, MOR) with increasing non-MOB richness have both been recently described for a single batch incubation period. Therefore, we hypothesized that during repeated co-cultivation of MOB with non-MOB, ecological sorting would guide the methanotrophic interactome towards its optimal composition, which could additionally boost functionality (MOR). Methods Co-cultures of 8 non-MOB partners with a single alphaor a single gammaproteobacterial MOB were repeatedly sub-cultivated. In every cycle, the headspace CH4 concentration was measured to over time to determine the MOR, while headspace CO2 concentrations and total protein in the culture were determined to track the fate of CH4-derived carbon (catabolism and assimilation respectively). Finally, the relative abundance of each coculture partner was assessed using a 16S rRNA gene-targeted denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Results and Discussion While no significant improvement of functionality was observed, the biological variability of MOR was stabilized by co-cultivation with non-MOB partners. Overall, higher biomass yields were obtained when MOB were co-cultivated with non-MOB partners and the alphaproteobacterial MOB appeared to be able to support more non-MOB biomass than the gammaproteobacterial MOB, which could be linked to the proposed life-strategies of these clades. A clear partner selection was observed as only 4 out of 8 initial partners were
Extraction of mangrove component for isolation of triterpenoid saponins via ultrasonic extraction method

Ultrasound-assisted extraction was evaluated as a simpler and more effective alternative to conventional method for isolation of actives compound in plants.Ultrasonic extraction has been widely used for getting bioactive substances from different parts of a number of plants.The ultrasonic enhancement of extraction is attributed to disruption of cell walls,particle size reduction and enhanced mass transfer of the cell content via cavitations bubble collapse.Direct evidences are given,confirming that enhanced hydration process and plant material fragmentations are the primary benefits of sonification.In this paper,a method of ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to extract total triterpenoid saponins from Ceriops Decandra sp,which have been reported to have several medicinal properties and uses.The extracts were directly determined by colorimetric method without any further treatment.Compared with thermal extraction or soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic extraction only need 15 min to give the highest yield of triterpenoid saponins at 0.9972%, while the other extraction methods need several hours or even more than 3 h and give lower yield. Several factors affecting the ultrasonic extraction rate were also discussed,such as extraction time,temperature and ratio of solvent to material.Optimal conditions of ultrasonic extraction can be concluded as follows: 30 min at 70˚C, the ratio of solvent to material is 25 ml/g by using 95% ethanol as the solvent.
BENTHIC AND PLANKTONIC ALGAL COMMUNITIES IN A HIGH ARCTIC LAKE: PIGMENT STRUCTURE AND CONTRASTING RESPONSES TO NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT 1

We investigated the fine pigment structure and composition of phytoplankton and benthic cyanobacterial mats in Ward Hunt Lake at the northern limit of High Arctic Canada and the responses of these two communities to in situ nutrient enrichment. The HPLC analyses showed that more than 98% of the total pigment stocks occurred in the benthos. The phytoplankton contained Chrysophyceae, low concentrations of other protists and Cyanobacteria (notably picocyanobacteria), and the accessory pigments chl c2, fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, violaxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The benthic community contained the accessory pigments chl b, chl c2, and a set of carotenoids dominated by glycosidic xanthophylls, characteristic of filamentous cyanobacteria. The black surface layer of the mats was rich in the UV‐screening compounds scytonemin, red scytonemin‐like, and mycosporine‐like amino acids, and the blue‐green basal stratum contained high concentrations of light‐harvesting pigments. In a first bioassay of the benthic mats, there was no significant photosynthetic or growth response to inorganic carbon or full nutrient enrichment over 15 days. This bioassay was repeated with increased replication and HPLC analysis in a subsequent season, and the results confirmed the lack of significant response to added nutrients. In contrast, the phytoplankton in samples from the overlying water column responded strongly to enrichment, and chl a biomass increased by a factor of 19.2 over 2 weeks. These results underscore the divergent ecophysiology of benthic versus planktonic communities in extreme latitudes and show that cold lake ecosystems can be dominated by benthic phototrophs that are nutrient sufficient despite their ultraoligotrophic overlying waters.
Benevolent Sexism and Perceptions of Gender Conforming and Nonconforming Women Abuse Victims

COPYRIGHT 2014 BY PSI CHI, THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY (VOL. 19, NO. 3/ISSN 2164-8204) *Faculty mentor Disparities exist in how sexual assault and domestic violence victims are perceived and treated (Ben-David & Schneider, 2005; Israel et al., 2009). One factor that affects perceptions and subsequent treatment is the victim’s gender role, with gender role conforming women, or women fitting traditional gender expectations (e.g., feminine, nurturing), receiving better treatment than gender role nonconforming women, or women not fitting traditional gender expectations (e.g., masculine, assertive; Marin & Guadagno, 1999; Viki & Abrams, 2002). To advance our understanding of this disparity, a second factor related to perceptions and treatment was examined, namely perceivers’ endorsement of benevolent sexism.
Effect of water temperature on mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas associated with microvariant ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1 µVar)

The ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvariant (OsHV-1 µVar) causes mass mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas. Water temperature can directly influence the incidence of disease or correlate with seasonal changes in the environment and oyster physiology that modify the susceptibility of the oysters to disease. The effect of water temperature was evaluated in con- trolled laboratory conditions by intramuscular injection of OsHV-1 µVar after acclimation of 8 mo old spat and 17 mo old adult oysters at 4 different temperatures (14, 18, 22 and 26°C). Mortality was 84 and 77% at 26 and 22°C, respectively, compared to 23% at 18°C and nil at 14°C. There was a statistically significant interaction between the dose of OsHV-1 µVar and water temperature. At 18°C, mortality occurred exclusively at a dose of 10 6 OsHV-1 µVar genome copies per oyster whereas at the higher temperatures, oysters challenged with 10 3 copies per oyster also died. Mor- tality did not occur at 14°C and OsHV-1 µVar was detected in tissues of only 1% of the oysters after 14 d. When accounting for temperature and dose, spat (8 mo) were 2.7 times more likely to die than adults (17 mo). Our study confirms a direct effect of water temperature on infection and dis- ease caused by OsHV-1 µVar. We identified a threshold water temperature of between 14 and 18°C below which productive infection does not occur and the requirement for a higher dose of OsHV-1 µVar to initiate infection at 18°C than at 22°C. These results have implications for predict- ing and managing disease outbreaks caused by OsHV-1 µVar.
Reliability Examination in Horizontal-Merger Price Simulations: An Ex-Post Evaluation of the Gap between Predicted and Observed Prices in the 1998 Hyundai-Kia Merger

Horizontal-merger price simulations, which rely upon pre-merger data to predict post-merger prices, have been proposed and used in antitrust policymaking. However, a dearth of closely observed large mergers in differentiated-product industries makes empirical investigations of simulation performance extremely difficult, and raises many questions regarding the accuracy of simulation performance. Although a handful of previous studies exist, they focus on short-term simulation performances and ignore long-run effects of mergers. This research investigates the long-run simulation performance and long-run pricing effects of merger in the Korean automobile industry for the period 1991-2010. This period saw the merger of Hyundai and Kia Motors in 1998, a merger caused by the Asian economic crisis and which resulted in the conglomeration of 70 percent of the Korean automobile market. By taking Nevo's (2000, 2001) method as a base and measuring its performance against this real-world merger, I find that post-merger prices can be predicted reasonably well in the short term, but that large discrepancies appear in the long-run simulation. To account for this discrepancy, I confirm four further factors that appear essential to move toward a more accurate post-merger price simulation model: change in marginal costs, change in product lines, and change in consumer incomes and preferences. I counterfactually investigate each factor's contribution to price change, confirming their significance. In my investigation I estimate consumer preferences and substitution patterns leading up to the merger, then I calculate marginal costs, and simulate post-merger prices. In addition, I estimate automobile assembly plant-level production functions to evaluate merger synergy effects. By incorporating changes in the four factors I mention, I can account for 61 percent of the long-run price discrepancies.
Transitions of Care: Complications and Solutions

The delivery of medical care relies on effective, succinct, and ongoing communication between healthcare providers, called handoffs. Handoffs involve the transfer of professional responsibility and accountability for aspects of care for patients to another clinician or clinical team on a temporary or permanent basis. Handoffs have the potential for deleterious clinical impact if inadequately done. Only recently has data become available that demonstrate improvements in handoffs reduce the rate of subsequent clinical care error. This clinical vignette and subsequent discussion focuses on physician, particularly the resident physician in training, transfer of care: handoff complications, barriers to effective handoffs, regulatory agencies’ input on handoff improvement, standardization of the handoff process, assessment of the quality of handoff, handoff error avoidance, and improving the quality of handoff.
Microfabrication and Magnetic Particle Spectrometry of Magnetic Discs

We report on the fabrication of dispersions of Au / Ni 81 Fe 19 / Au magnetic discs with two and three micrometer diameter and thickness in the order of hundred nanometers. The magnetisation reversal of the discs was analysed on a time-scale of an hour and a few milliseconds, to asses their suitability for magnetic particle imaging. We conclude that compared to FeraSpin particles, these microfabricated particles saturate in fields as low as 12 mT, the shape of the hysteresis loop is relatively independent on the field sweep rate, and the difference in phase between higher harmonics is constant up to the 20 th harmonic. These radically different magnetic properties suggest that that microfabricated particles might have advantages for applications such as magnetic particle imaging.
Spectral wave flow attenuation within submerged canopies: Implications for wave energy dissipation

[1] Communities of benthic organisms can form very rough surfaces (canopies) on the seafloor. Previous studies have shown that an oscillatory flow induced by monochromatic surface waves will drive more flow inside a canopy than a comparable unidirectional current. This paper builds on these previous studies by investigating how wave energy is attenuated within canopies under spectral wave conditions, or random wave fields defined by many frequencies. A theoretical model is first developed to predict how flow attenuation within a canopy varies among the different wave components and predicts that shorter-period components will generally be more effective at driving flow within a canopy than longer-period components. To investigate the model performance, a field experiment was conducted on a shallow reef flat in which flow was measured both inside and above a model canopy array. Results confirm that longer-period components in the spectrum are significantly more attenuated than shorter-period components, in good agreement with the model prediction. This paper concludes by showing that the rate at which wave energy is dissipated by a canopy is closely linked to the flow structure within the canopy. Under spectral wave conditions, wave energy within a model canopy array is dissipated at a greater rate among the shorter-period wave components. These observations are consistent with previous observations of how wave energy is dissipated by the bottom roughness of a coral reef.
Analysis of the Relative Impact of Inflation and Unemployment on Nigerian Economy (1980-2012)

The Nigerian economy has been undergoing the most severe economic crisis of unemployment and inflation ever since the 1980s. Inflation has been staggering well up to double digit rates while unemployment rate has been rising astronomically. These twin economic evils have continued to cause considerable hardship for many Nigerian families and to pose a serious threat to the mental health of substantial proportion of the population. This study therefore aims at not only investigating the relative impact of inflation and unemployment on the level of economic activities in Nigeria but also, employing the Granger Causality test to determine the existence of any causal influence between inflation and unemployment. The empirical results indicate that both inflation and unemployment significantly affect the level of Nigeria’s economic performance, and that causality runs from inflation to unemployment. Also revealed is that the two variables are inversely related to economic growth both in the short-run and long-run. And finally, that inflation and unemployment are inversely related to each other in the short=run but directly related in the long-run. The researcher recommends the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) continuous pursuit, vigorously and transparently, the policy of inflation targeting, improvement of infrastructure and access to credit to make it possible for more people to do business in Nigeria. Also recommended is a partnership between the Ministry of Trade and Investment and the World Bank in the formers drive towards increasing foreign direct Investment inflow, job creation, and generation of policies towards the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Keywords: Inflation, Granger Causality, Unemployment, Unit root, Co- integration
The Role of Multimodal in Chinese EFL Students’ Autonomous Listening Comprehension & Multiliteracies

This research, taking 102 Chinese sophomores as participants, examined the role of multimodal in EFL students’ autonomous listening comprehension and multiliteracies. Materials consisted of a questionnaire concerning autonomous learning of listening comprehension and listening proficiency tests (a pretest and a posttest) so as to find participants’ attitude towards the new autonomous listening model and the effectiveness of the model. Results indicated that the new model proved to be popular with most of the participants, able to effectively improve students’ autonomous learning ability and significantly improve their listening comprehension and multiliteracies. Suggestions and implications for the results were discussed.
Exp-Function Method with Computerized Symbolic Computation for New Exact Solution of Burger's Equation

It is well known that computer applications are ubiquitous. In this paper, the exp-function method with computerized symbolic computation is improved to exactly solve a (2+1)-dimensional Burger’s equation. As a result, a new and more general exact solution is obtained. It is shown that the improved exp-function method can be used for other nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Introduction Exactly solving nonlinear PDEs plays an important role in the study of nonlinear physical phenomena in many fields of nonlinear science. In the past several decades, some effective methods equipped with the powerful computerized symbolic computation systems like Mathematica or Maple have been proposed for nonlinear PDEs [1-8]. It is shown that these symbolic computation systems become indispensable auxiliary tools for solving complex PDEs or constructing more general solutions of PDEs. Among the existing methods, the exp-function method [1] proposed by He and Wu in 2006 is a simple and direct method for nonlinear PDEs. More importantly, the exp-function method and its improvements are available for many PDEs such as those in [9-16], this is due to the method possesses a more general ansätz [17]: exp( ) , exp( ) g n n f q m m p a n u b m x x =−
Testing Newtonian gravity in the low acceleration regime with globular clusters: the case of ω Centauri revisited

Context. Stellar kinematics in the external regions of globular clusters can be used to probe the validity of Newton’s law in the low acceleration regimes without the complication of non-baryonic dark matter. Indeed, in contrast to the case of galaxies, in globular clusters a systematic deviation of the velocity dispersion profile from the expected Keplerian falloff would be indicative of a breakdown of Newtonian dynamics rather than the existence of dark matter. Aims. We perform a detailed analysis of the velocity dispersion in the globular cluster ω Centauri to determine whether it decreases monotonically with distance as expected within the framework of Newtonian dynamics, or whether it converges toward a constant value as recent works suggest. Methods. We combine measurements from two previous studies to almost double the data available at large radii, to better constrain the velocity dispersion profile in the low acceleration regime. Results. We found the inner region of ω Centauri is clearly rotating, while the rotational velocity tends to vanish, being consistent with no rotation at all in the external regions. The cluster velocity dispersion at large radii from the center is found to clearly deviate from the Newtonian prediction. Conclusions. We conclude that there are strong similarities between globular clusters and elliptical galaxies, for in both classes of objects the velocity dispersion tends to remain constant at large radii. In the case of galaxies, this is ascribed to the existence of a massive halo of dark matter, which is physically unlikely in the case of globular clusters. This similarity, if confirmed, is best explained by a breakdown of Newtonian dynamics below a critical acceleration.
Recruitment and retention incentives in health labour markets: an analysis of participation in NHS Scotland following Dental Vocational Training

This paper uses a unique individual level administrative data set to analyse the participation of health professionals in the NHS after training. The data set contains information on over 1,000 dentists who received Dental Vocational Training in Scotland between 1995 and 2006. Using a dynamic nonlinear panel data model, we estimate the determinants of post-training participation. We nd there is signi cant persistence in these data and are able to show that the persistence arises from state dependence and individual heterogeneity. This nding has implications for the structure of policies designed to increase participation rates. We apply this empirical framework to assess the accuracy of predictions for workforce forecasting, and to provide a preliminary estimate of the impact of one of the recruitment and retention policies available to dentists in Scotland.