Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniais: Review approach on development of different techniques from invasive to noninvasive nature after more than three decades of research

For the efficient management of infectious disease, in the present scenario, rapid, sensitive, specific and confirmatory identification of the pathogen is very important. Accurate diagnostic test plays a key role in clinician trust and patient management. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical infectious disease. Poor access to diagnosis stymies control of VL. In light of the study published regarding the rapid development of Leishmania detection technology and their application in VL diagnosis, In this review, the author discusses critical issues in the development of diagnostic method as well as promises and challenges for validation & transition of new innovations.
Assignment-2 Mobile Touchscreen User Interface

The recent evolution of touchscreens mobile devices has opened many doors of user interfaces. Users are getting more dependent on mobile touchscreen UIs than other available touchscreen devices due to its readily accessibility. Its fast, appealing and handy features make touchscreen UIs very demanding. With the increasing interest of different touch applications, efficient and user friendly UI design is becoming a field of research interest. To provide users with optimum user interface experience it is necessary to study user’s interaction patterns. The paper provides a study of User’s touchscreen interactions and suggestions for useful UI design patterns relating to previous works. It also discusses the different advantages and disadvantages of mobile touchscreen UIs.
SoFi, an IGOR-based interface for the efficient use of the generalized multilinear engine (ME-2) for the source apportionment: ME-2 application to aerosol mass spectrometer data

Abstract. Source apportionment using the bilinear model through a multilinear engine (ME-2) was successfully applied to non-refractory organic aerosol (OA) mass spectra collected during the winter of 2011 and 2012 in Zurich, Switzerland using the aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM). Five factors were identified: low-volatility oxygenated OA (LV-OOA), semivolatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), cooking OA (COA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA). A graphical user interface SoFi (Source Finder) was developed at PSI in order to facilitate the testing of different rotational techniques available within the ME-2 engine by providing a priori factor profiles for some or all of the expected factors. ME-2 was used to test the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, the fully constrained chemical mass balance (CMB) model, and partially constrained models utilizing a values and pulling equations. Within the set of model solutions determined to be environmentally reasonable, BBOA and SV-OOA factor mass spectra and time series showed the greatest variability. This variability represents the uncertainty in the model solution and indicates that analysis of model rotations provides a useful approach for assessing the uncertainty of bilinear source apportionment models.
Semiparametric Analysis of Wealth-Age Profiles

Given the importance of the shape of the wealth-age profile for the life cycle model, and the fact that the theory does not imply a specific functional form, we argue that a non-parametric estimation strategy is ideal. Nonparametric profiles and semiparametric partial linear models indicate that typical parametric representations can be misleading. Moreover, we find that after accounting for year effects, there are strong and clear patterns of wealth accumulation through the mid-50s, flat wealth holdings during the late 50s and mid-60s, followed by decumulation during the rest of the life cycle, which is consistent with predictions of the life cycle model. Semiparametric Analysis of Wealth-Age Profiles Page 3
DNA Nanodevices Confined on DNA Origamis: an Isothermal Ratchet Driven by Boundary Conditions

In this note we investigate the diffusive behaviour and the boundary conditions of DNA nanodevices using the toe hold mediated strand displacement method. The goal is to extract the basic principles governing the difference observed in diluted solution and in confined environment where the devices are tethered on a DNA Origami. We note that the excluded volume interaction between the two strands running in opposite direction must give a sub diffusive behaviour that can lead to very long waiting times between jumps. When the Boundary Conditions generate a strong asymmetry in the device, the probability to perform the logical operation, thus to remove the output strand, is one. However, we envision unexpected marked differences between diluted solutions and confined environment both for controlling the boundary condition and the sub diffusive behaviour. These differences rise new questions on the interest to use the toe hold mediated strand displacement method on DNA Origamis.
Carbon dioxide effects of Antarctic stratification, North Atlantic Intermediate Water formation, and subantarctic nutrient drawdown during the last ice age: Diagnosis and synthesis in a geochemical box model

In a box model synthesis of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic mechanisms for lowering CO2 during ice ages, the CO2 changes are parsed into their component geochemical causes, including the soft‐tissue pump, the carbonate pump, and whole ocean alkalinity. When the mechanisms are applied together, their interactions greatly modify the net CO2 change. Combining the Antarctic mechanisms (stratification, nutrient drawdown, and sea ice cover) within bounds set by observations decreases CO2 by no more than 36 ppm, a drawdown that could be caused by any one of these mechanisms in isolation. However, these Antarctic changes reverse the CO2 effect of the observed ice age shoaling of North Atlantic overturning: in isolation, the shoaling raises CO2 by 16 ppm, but alongside the Antarctic changes, it lowers CO2 by an additional 13 ppm, a 29 ppm synergy. The total CO2 decrease does not reach 80 ppm, partly because Antarctic stratification, Antarctic sea ice cover, and the shoaling of North Atlantic overturning all strengthen the sequestration of alkalinity in the deepest ocean, which increases CO2 both by itself and by decreasing whole ocean alkalinity. Increased nutrient consumption in the sub‐Antarctic causes as much as an additional 35 ppm CO2 decrease, interacting minimally with the other changes. With its inclusion, the lowest ice age CO2 levels are within reach. These findings may bear on the two‐stepped CO2 decrease of the last ice age.
Nonparametric maximum likelihood approach to multiple change-point problems

In multiple change-point problems, different data segments often follow different distributions, for which the changes may occur in the mean, scale or the entire distribution from one segment to another. Without the need to know the number of change-points in advance, we propose a nonparametric maximum likelihood approach to detecting multiple change-points. Our method does not impose any parametric assumption on the underlying distributions of the data sequence, which is thus suitable for detection of any changes in the distributions. The number of change-points is determined by the Bayesian information criterion and the locations of the change-points can be estimated via the dynamic programming algorithm and the use of the intrinsic order structure of the likelihood function. Under some mild conditions, we show that the new method provides consistent estimation with an optimal rate. We also suggest a prescreening procedure to exclude most of the irrelevant points prior to the implementation of the nonparametric likelihood method. Simulation studies show that the proposed method has satisfactory performance of identifying multiple change-points in terms of estimation accuracy and computation time.
A BINARY PROGENITOR FOR THE TYPE IIb SUPERNOVA 2011dh IN M51

We perform binary stellar evolutionary calculations following the simultaneous evolution of both stars in the system to study a potential progenitor system for the Type IIb supernova 2011dh. Pre-explosion photometry as well as light-curve modeling has provided constraints on the physical properties of the progenitor system. Here, we present a close binary system (CBS) that is compatible with such constraints. The system is formed by stars of solar composition with 16 M☉ + 10 M☉ on a circular orbit with an initial period of 125 days. The primary star ends its evolution as a yellow supergiant with a mass of ≈4 M☉, a final hydrogen content of ≈(3–5) × 10−3 M☉, and with an effective temperature and luminosity in agreement with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) pre-explosion observations of SN 2011dh. These results are nearly insensitive to the adopted accretion efficiency factor β. At the time of explosion, the companion star has an effective temperature of 22,000–40,000 K, depending on the value of β, and lies near the zero-age main sequence. Considering the uncertainties in the HST pre-SN photometry, the secondary star is only marginally detectable in the bluest observed band. CBSs, as opposed to single stars, provide a natural frame to explain the properties of SN 2011dh.
A MATRIX COMPLETION ALGORITHM USING RANDOMIZED SVD

In this paper, we investigate the large low-rank matrix completion problem. By using randomized singular value decomposition (RSVD) algorithm, we compute singular values of sparse matrix. Compared to the Lanczos method, the computational time is greatly reduced with the same error. The algorithm also can be used to solve the relatively low rank matrix.
Making Sense of the World: Framing Models for Trustworthy Sensor-Driven Systems

Sensor-driven systems provide data and information that facilitate real-time decision-making and autonomous actuation, as well as enable informed policy choices. However, can we be sure that these systems work as expected? Can we model them in a way that captures all the key issues? We define two concepts: frames of reference and frames of function that help us organise models of sensor-based systems and their purpose. Examples from a smart water distribution network illustrate how frames offer a lens through which to organise and balance multiple views of the system. Frames aid communication between modellers, analysts and stakeholders, and distinguish the purpose of each model, which contributes towards our trust that the system fulfils its purpose.
Proper Efficiency and Tradeoffs in Multiple Criteria and Stochastic Expected-Value Optimization

Authors are encouraged to submit new papers to INFORMS journals by means of a style file template, which includes the journal title. However, use of a template does not certify that the paper has been accepted for publication in the named journal. INFORMS journal templates are for the exclusive purpose of submitting to an INFORMS journal and should not be used to distribute the papers in print or online or to submit the papers to another publication.
Rethinking the Modification of Child Custody Decrees

Before they reach the age of eighteen, almost one-third of the children in the United States will experience the divorce of their parents. ' Deservedly, considerable scholarly attention has been paid to what happens to those millions of children at the time of divorce. Members of the legal profession and social scientists have debated at length the functions and drawbacks of the "best interests of the child" standard traditionally used to decide custody upon divorce.2 Little attention, however, has been paid in the literature to the fact that
Recall and recognition of dreams and waking events: A diary paradigm

Dream recall is often considered to be poor, although it is rarely systematically compared to the retrieval of waking event memories. A diary paradigm was implemented to explore the memory profile of recalled dreams over time, in comparison to recalled waking experiences. Twenty-five participants completed a dream and waking-event diary over two weeks. Titles of reports were re-presented in a surprise recall task. Subsequently, extracts of the reports were re-presented for recognition. No significant differences were found between dream and waking event memories in terms of either recall or recognition although some differences were found in terms of recollective experience, with waking-events being “remembered” as episodic memories more than dreams. Diary dream memories that are recalled, reported and to some extent rehearsed are therefore accessible and detailed in a similar manner to waking experiences, providing that they are adequately encoded close to their time of occurrence. The continuity of retrieval processes over sleep and wake is outlined.
Performance of the LHCb calorimeters during the period 2010-2012

The calorimeter system of LHCb is subdivided into four sub-detectors which provide its longitudinal segmentation: a Scintillator Pad Detector, followed by a Preshower and, then, an electromagnetic, an hadronic calorimeter. After a description of these detectors, procedures developed to calibrate their response are discussed together with the degradation of response observed due to the harsh conditions (high radiation and current levels). First results on the calorimeter performance over the two most productive years of physics data taking, 2011 and 2012 are given.
Alignment-based process model repair and its application to the evolutionary tree miner

Process mining is an emerging research discipline that provides techniques that can be used to discover, monitor and improve real processes using event data. In this thesis we present several approaches and extensions that improve the effectiveness of the Evolutionary Tree Miner, a genetic process mining algorithm. These approaches and extensions enable the Evolutionary Tree Miner to make smart changes to process models, in order to obtain models of a higher quality in less time than the original implementation, while taking into account the four process model quality dimensions of replay fitness, simplicity, precision and generalisation. The approaches and extensions are based on concepts and ideas from process model repair, which have been applied in the context of the Evolutionary Tree Miner. We show, through experiments on both artificial and randomly generated event logs, that our approach is superior to the original implementation of the Evolutionary Tree Miner in its ability to quickly produce high quality models. Alignment-based Process Model Repair and its Application to the Evolutionary Tree Miner iii
Making Manufacturing Flexibility Operational Part 2 - Distinctions and an Example

Structures the concept of flexibility by making clear distinctions in three generic dimensions, describes the use of the framework for manufacturing flexibility by working through a concrete example. The framework was presented in “Making manufacturing flexibility operational – part 1: a framework”, IMS, Vol. 6 No. 2. Makes distinctions between the concept of flexibility in the three generic dimensions: utilized flexibility versus potential flexibility, external flexibility versus internal flexibility, and requested flexibility versus replied flexibility. The framework makes a clear distinction between the internal and the external factors impinging on the company, and brings together the market demand for flexibility, the characteristics of the production system, and the flexibility of the suppliers. Furthermore, pursues the connection from the strategic level to the single resource characteristics in the production system. Using the framework as a systematization for handling flexibility related issues in companies, can be especially useful for managers.
Mapping of several soil properties using DAIS-7915 hyperspectral scanner data - a case study over clayey soils in Israel

The data acquired from the hyperspectral airborne sensor DAIS-7915 over Izrael Valley in northern Israel was processed to yield quantitative soil properties maps of organic matter, soil field moisture, soil saturated moisture, and soil salinity. The method adopted for this purpose was the Visible and Near Infrared Analysis (VNIRA) approach, which yields an empirical model for predicting the soil property in question from both wet chemistry and spectral information of a representative set of samples (calibration set). Based on spectral laboratory data that show a significant capability to predict the above soil properties and populations using the VNIRA strategy, the next step was to examine this feasibility under a hyperspectral remote sensing (HSR) domain. After atmospherically rectifying the DAIS-7915 data and omitting noisy bands, the VNIRA routine was performed to yield a prediction equation model for each property, using the reflectance image data. Applying this equation on a pixel-bypixel basis revealed images that described spatially and quantitatively the surface distribution of each property. The VNIRA results were validated successfully from a priori knowledge of the area characteristics and from data collected from several sampling points. Following these examinations, a procedure was developed in order to create a soil property map of the entire area, including soils under vegetated areas. This procedure employed a random selection of more than 80 points along non-vegetated areas from the quantitative soil property images and interpolation of the points to yield an isocontour map for each property. It is concluded that the VNIRA method is a promising strategy for quantitative soil surface mapping, furthermore, the method could even be improved if a better quality of HSR data were used.
Addressing Practical Challenges of Mutation Testing

Proponents of Agile development processes claim that adhering to Agile principles leads to the delivery of high quality code in evolutionary increments. Confidence in resulting systems is mostly gained through the use of unit test suites, entrusted to catch regressions as soon as they occur. Consequently, the system can only be as trustworthy as its tests, meaning that measurements of the tests’ quality is crucial. Whilst mutation testing has been proposed as a means of uncovering test suite defects, it has not been widely adopted in the industry; mainly due to its computational expense and manual effort required by developers investigating unkilled mutants. To make mutation testing affordable, we propose incremental mutation testing — a variation of mutation testing which leverages the iterative nature of agile development by limiting the scope of mutant generation to sections of code which have changed since the last mutation run. Preliminary results show that the number of mutants generated is drastically reduced along with the time required to generate mutants and execute tests against them.
Quantum simulation / Simulation quantique Quantum simulation of the Hubbard model with ultracold fermions in optical lattices

Ultracold atomic gases provide a fantastic platform to implement quantum simulators and investigate a variety of models initially introduced in condensed matter physics or other areas. One of the most promising applications of quantum simulation is the study of strongly-correlated Fermi gases, for which exact theoretical results are not always possible with state-of-the-art approaches. Here, we review recent progress of the quantum simulation of the emblematic Fermi-Hubbard model with ultracold atoms. After introducing the Fermi-Hubbard model in the context of condensed matter, its implementation in ultracold atom systems, and its phase diagram, we review landmark experimental achievements, from the early observation of the onset of quantum degeneracy and superfluidity to demonstration of the Mott insulator regime and the emergence of long-range anti-ferromagnetic order. We conclude by discussing future challenges, including the possible observation of high-Tc superconductivity, transport properties, and the interplay of strong correlations and disorder or topology. To cite this article: L. Tarruell and L. Sanchez-Palencia, C. R. Physique X (2018).
ON THE PERCEPTION OF VOCALIC NASALITY BY SPEAKERS OF SPANISH AND FRENCH

The aim of this work is to determine the relative importance of nasal features in the perception on vocalic nasality by francophones and Spanish-speakers, granted that French has nasal vowels as phonemes and Spanish does not. In a first experiment (phonetic) a representative French /A/ and a French /A $/ were synthesized and varied in their nasal features stepwise. Spanish-speaking and French-speaking listeners were asked to tell whether they perceived nasality or not. The results for Spanish show that the separation between the nasal pole and zero is predominant on the formant frequency in the perception of nasality. The influence of bandwidth is negligible. The results for French show an important influence of the pole-zero pair and formant frequency. In a second experiment French-speaking subjects were asked to evaluate the same stimuli as vocalic categories. The results show that the subjects base their judgements on the same criteria, but the level of them must be higher.
Ultra-Small Graphitization Reactors for Ultra-Microscale 14C Analysis at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) Facility

In response to the increasing demand for 14C analysis of samples containing less than 25 μg C, ultra-small graphitization reactors with an internal volume of ∼0.8 mL were developed at NOSAMS. For samples containing 6 to 25 μg C, these reactors convert CO2 to graphitic carbon in approximately 30 min. Although we continue to refine reaction conditions to improve yield, the reactors produce graphite targets that are successfully measured by AMS. Graphite targets produced with the ultra-small reactors are measured by using the Cs sputter source on the CFAMS instrument at NOSAMS where beam current was proportional to sample mass. We investigated the contribution of blank carbon from the ultra-small reactors and estimate it to be 0.3 ± 0.1 μg C with an Fm value of 0.43 ± 0.3. We also describe equations for blank correction and propagation of error associated with this correction. With a few exceptions for samples in the range of 6 to 7 μg C, we show that corrected Fm values agree with expected Fm values within uncertainty for samples containing 6–100 μg C.