Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterodyne planar grating encoder with high alignment tolerance, especially insensitivity to grating tilts

Planar grating encoder, composed of one two-dimensional grating and the optical system (grating interferometer), is able to measure two-dimensional displacements. Grating interferometer errors are the errors caused by grating tilts, which possibly make phase changes of optical paths, and interfering beams non-parallelism. A new design of planar grating encoder based on optical heterodyne interferometry with a symmetric setup and double diffraction is proposed. It can measure the planar displacement with high resolution and high stability. With help of retro-reflectors, the tilts of the grating do not change the interference pattern and bring no measurement errors theoretically. The planar grating encoder has been set up, and the measurement results are compared with a two-axis laser interferometer. The repeatability of the grating encoder is about 10nm, and the laser interferometer comparing results confirm its error insensitivity to grating tilts.
Design and implementation of dual‐band and triple‐band substrate integrated coaxial line filters

In this article, dual‐band and triple‐band filters are proposed based on the substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) technique. The SICL resonator and the coupling between the bandpass–bandpass resonators and bandpass–bandstop resonators are investigated, then single‐bandpass, dual‐bandpass, and triple‐bandpass filters are designed, fabricated, and measured. The dual‐band or triple‐band filters are equivalent to the combinations of one bandpass and one or two bandstop filters, and so can be easily synthesized from the generalized lowpass prototypes with Chebyshev responses. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulations. A size reduction of more than 45% has been achieved compared with the published substrate integrated waveguide filters. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2734–2738, 2013
Quadrilateral Patterns for Rigid Folding Structures

In this paper we will do investigations on spatial quadrilateral meshes developed from folding patterns. The simplicity of manual production in combination with the geometrical complexity of paper folding shall lead to an inspiration for designing architectural structures. We propose geometrical methods for designing these quadrilateral structures which follow in their shape geometrical surfaces. Our methods use folding patterns where only four folding lines meet in one node and every quadrangular part stays flat. This enables simpler solutions for architectural realization in a big scale especially for join connections and assembling of the whole spatial and structural system. In order to understand and handle the complexity of paper folding we use CAD tools to model the structures where the entire folding element is reconstructed and its geometric characteristics are controlled. This kind of control reflects on scale models. Models are then adjusted, examined and built to reach certain further geometric conclusions that are once more tested in CAD software.
Monitoring results of the effectiveness of surge arrester spacings on distribution line protection

Surge arresters were evaluated as a means of improving reliability by reduction in 13 kV distribution line flashovers; five feeders were extensively monitored for three years. Lightning-caused faults were detected with the US National Lightning Detection Network, magnetic-field and optical sensors attached to fault recorders, and lightning-activated camera systems. Three circuits had arresters added on all phases with spacings of 40 m (every pole), 200 m, and 400 m respectively. Two other control circuits had no additional arresters. There was no discernible difference in the lightning performance of the circuits outfitted with the different arrester spacings when line length and lightning flash exposure are considered. Evidence indicated that most of the faults were caused by direct strokes rather than induced voltage flashovers. The monitored circuits are in areas with relatively heavy tree coverage which should reduce the number of direct strokes but cause higher induced voltages. In a surprising result, the circuit with arresters installed on every pole had several lightning-caused faults.
Adatpive single phase fault identification and selection technique for maintaining continued operaton of distributed generation

This paper presents the development of an adaptive rule based fault identification and phase selection technique to be used in the implementation of single phase auto-reclosing (SPAR) in power distribution network with distributed generators (DGs). The proposed method uses only the three line currents measured at the relay point. The waveform pattern of phase angle and symmetrical components of the three line currents during transient period of fault condition are analyzed using conditioning rules with IF-THEN in order to determine the type of single phase to ground fault and initiate single pole auto-reclosing command or three phase reclosing command for other type of faults. The proposed method is implemented and verified in PSCAD/EMTDC power system software. The test results show that the proposed method can correctly detects the faulty phase within one cycle in power distribution network with DGs under various network operating conditions. (5 pages)
Design of a substrate integrated waveguide modified R-KR lens for millimetre-wave application

In this study, a new type of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) beamforming network (BFN) based on the principle of the modified R-KR lens has been proposed and experimentally verified. Through the detailed analysis of such a structure, a prototype lens with 15 input ports is implemented together with an SIW slot array antenna at 30 GHz, which is able to cover a wide angle of (−59°, 59°) with its 3 dB beam-width. The measured radiation efficiencies of the lens excited at different ports range from 21.6 to 40.8%. This type of BFN takes the advantages of low profile, low cost and high performance, and may be applied to millimetre-wave mobile communications and radars with beam switching technology.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant prevents acute alcohol‐induced liver steatosis and injury through ER stress and autophagy‐mediated signaling pathways

Acute alcohol exposure induces ER stress and autophagy in mouse liver, which protect alcohol‐induced cell death by removing damaged proteins and cellular compartments. We have previously demonstrated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG culture supernatant (LGGs) prevents acute alcohol‐induced hepatic steatosis and injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the protective effect of LGGs against acute alcohol‐induced liver injury through regulating autophagy and ER stress signaling pathways. C57BL/6 mice on standard chow diet were supplemented with supernatant from LGG culture (109 colony‐forming unit/mouse) for 5 days, and one dose of alcohol at 6 g/kg body weight was administered via gavage. Liver tissues and serum samples were collected 6 hours after alcohol administration. LGGs pretreatment significantly suppressed acute alcohol‐induced liver injury measured by serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and asparagine aminotransferase (AST), and reduced liver steatosis assessed by triglyceride content and Oil red O staining of the liver tissues. Ethanol exposure increased LC‐3II/LC‐3I protein ratio suggesting an upregulated autophagy response, which was normalized by LGGs pretreatment. mRNA levels of molecules involved in autophagy formation and mitophagy regulation including beclin‐1, Atg7, Atg5 and p62 were significantly increased in alcohol‐treated mouse livers and suppressed by LGGs pretreatment. Alcohol‐induced ER stress is a trigger of autophagy regulation. Our studies also showed that LGGs pretreatment decreased acute alcohol‐induced hepatic GRP78 and CHOP expression, indicating a down‐regulation of ER stress by LGGs. Further studies showed that LGGs significantly reduced alcohol‐induced ROS levels assessed by DHE staining and Cyp2e1 and NRF2 protein levels in the liver samples. These results suggest that LGGs prevent the acute alcohol‐induced liver injury by preventing ROS production leading to a decreased ER stress and a normalization of hepatic autophagy response to acute ethanol exposure. The use of bacteria‐free LGG culture supernatant provides a novel strategy for prevention of acute alcohol‐induced liver injury (LZ and HL contributed equally to this study).
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN LEVEL AND GRADE WALKING

Each of the component energy expenditures due to changes of kinetic and potential energy during walking is estimated and compared with the observed energy expenditure of walking. Considerable interaction is shown to occur between positive and negative components. Owing to the inevitable differences which exist between individuals the prediction of at least some of these quantities is insufficiently accurate to allow the useful calculation of the total expenditure.
Acqui‐hires: Redeployment and retention of human capital post‐acquisition

Acqui‐hires are now a prevalent strategic mechanism by which firms obtain talented human resources. They differ from traditional acquisitions in that they are always integrated and the focus is the people, not the product or service. Thus, how firms reconfigure through the redeployment and retention of acqui‐hired human resources during post‐acquisition integration is particularly critical. We find that when the acquired start‐up has disruptive (vs. nondisruptive) know‐how, the acqui‐hired team is preserved (vs. dispersed) and integrated as a whole into an acquirer's existing business unit, and also that the founder of the acquired start‐up is assigned to a high status position. Furthermore, we show that a lack of fit between acquired know‐how type and integration mode has a positive relationship with the premature exit of acqui‐hired founders.Acqui‐hires are a form of acquisitions in which the acquiring firm's goal is to obtain the talented human capital of the target firm. Our study addresses how the acqui‐hired team is integrated into the acquiring firm and what status position the acqui‐hired founder is given, post‐acquisition. Our results reveal that these depend on the type of know‐how being acquired; if the acqui‐hired know‐how is disruptive (versus not) then it is more likely that the team is preserved (versus dispersed) and the founder is given a high status position at the parent firm. Managers should be aware that a mismatch in integration—such as acqui‐hiring disruptive know‐how and not preserving the team in a business unit—can have negative implications such as the premature departure of the founder(s).
A Study on Ride Comfort Assessment of Multiple Occupants using Lumped Parameter Analysis

Growing consumer expectations continue to fuel further advancements in vehicle ride comfort analysis including development of a comprehensive tool capable of aiding the understanding of ride comfort. To date, most of the work on biodynamic responses of human body in the context of ride comfort mainly concentrates on driver or a designated occupant and therefore leaves the scope for further work on ride comfort analysis covering a larger number of occupants with detailed modeling of their body segments. In the present study, governing equations of a 13-DOF (degrees-of-freedom) lumped parameter model (LPM) of a full car with seats (7-DOF without seats) and a 7-DOF occupant model, a linear version of an earlier non-linear occupant model, are presented. One or more occupant models can be coupled with the vehicle model resulting into a maximum of 48-DOF LPM for a car with five occupants. These multi-occupant models can be formulated in a modular manner and solved efficiently using MATLAB/SIMULINK for a given transient road input. The vehicle model and the occupant model are independently verified by favorably comparing computed dynamic responses with published data. A number of cases with different dispositions of occupants in a small car are analyzed using the current modular approach thereby underscoring its potential for efficient ride quality assessment and design of suspension systems.
Handicraft Industry Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (HIEE): An Empirical Evidence of Malaysian Handicraft Micro and Small Industry Entrepreneurs

Handicraft industries continue to play an important role in the economies of all Asian countries including Malaysia. They not only constitute small business activities in themselves but are also often the only available means to provide additional employment and raise the level of living for rural populations. Despite the government's several institutional and policy support for enhancing the capacity of micro and small-scale enterprises, the results have fallen short of expectations. In view of the growing world market for products of traditional Asian handicraft industries, having a relevant entrepreneurial ecosystem model specific to handicraft micro and small industries in Malaysia is imperative. Thus, this study attempts to: (1) identify the components of entrepreneurial ecosystem of handicraft micro and small industries in Malaysia; (2) determine the relationship between components of entrepreneurial ecosystem and business performance. The SEM-PLS approach has been employed as a statistical method to analyze the research model. Data were collected from 50 handicraft micro and small entrepreneurs using personally administered questionnaire surveys. The findings indicate that only talent was found to have a significant relationship with business performance. This study is significant to the investors, the ministry, the government, academics and even business owners in providing a comprehensive model in understanding the handicraft industry entrepreneurial processes through which the ecosystems emerge, change, and influence the activities of the entrepreneurs.
Documented Constructability Savings for Petrochemical‐Facility Expansion

This case study presents the implementation of a constructability program within the petrochemical industry. Owner commitment to constructability is demonstrated by the early involvement of both the prime constructor and a constructability consultant. Formalized project‐specific procedures were developed, and detailed logs were kept in an attempt to quantify the cost and schedule benefits attributable to the constructability program. A curve presenting relative timing at which constructability benefits were achieved was created using saving estimates obtained. This graph validated a curve previously developed by the Construction Industry Institute, at the University of Texas at Austin, that showed more benefit to the project is accomplished through incorporation of construction knowledge and experience, particularly during the planning and design phases. Additionally, this paper documents a constructability program implemented at the project level and identifies perceived key elements that contributed to .
Short-term traffic prediction under normal and incident conditions using singular spectrum analysis and the k-nearest neighbour method

Short-term traffic prediction is an important area in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) research. A number of ITS applications such as Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS), Dynamic Route Guidance (DRG) and Urban Traffic Control (UTC) can benefit from improved prediction of traffic variables for the short-term future. Traffic prediction during abnormal condition, such as incidents, is especially important to these applications. However, this is an area not well-researched. This paper presents a novel improvement to a k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) based traffic predictor with Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) technique based data preprocessing. This SSA-kNN framework is implemented for short-term traffic prediction under both normal and incident traffic conditions. A key feature of this approach is the data pre-processing step, which is designed to accommodate the extremely noisy sensor inputs that arise during incident conditions. This paper compares the prediction accuracy of the SSA-kNN approach with three other commonly used machine learning methods, kNN, Grey System Model (GM) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). Moreover, the sensitivity of traffic prediction accuracy to various kNN design parameters is explored. The results show that the proposed SSA-kNN based approach has the best prediction accuracy among the methods used in this study, especially during non-recurring incidents. The concept behind the proposed method can be extended to other machine learning tools to improve the accuracy of short-term traffic forecasting models. (6 pages)
Study Design for Assessing Exposures of Embalmers for a Case-Control Study. Part I. Monitoring Results

Abstract Epidemiologic studies of embalmers and funeral directors have found excess risks of mortality due to leukemia and brain cancer. To investigate specific occupational exposures that might account for these associations, a case-control study of these diseases among embalmers is under way. To quantify exposure levels for this study, a series of embalmings was performed using an experimental design to determine the effect of certain work parameters on the concentration of airborne contaminants. Personal exposures and area concentrations of formaldehyde, methanol, phenol, and particulates were measured during 25 embalmings while controlling the level of ventilation, the concentration of the embalming solution, and the type of case (autopsy or intact body). In addition, bischloromethyl ether (BCME) and selected microorganisms (total, fungi, and bacteria) were measured during a few embalmings. Personal formaldehyde exposures ranged from 0.31 to 8.72 parts per million (ppm) for full-period exposures (51-1.
Closed-Loop Feedback Control of Production Part Errors

This paper presents a new supervisory controller, designed to meet or exceed the tight quality specifications required of high-volume production parts. The process optimizing controller takes Co-ordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) data collected on Statistical Process Control (SPC) samples. It analyses the data and updates the program on a Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) milling machine to optimize the overall production process. Part specifications, including dimensions between cast and machined features, are controlled through feedback. The controller improved process capability (Cp ), and by targeting the mean on the nominal dimension it significantly improved the capability index (Cpk ). Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices using imprinting: application to microvalves and micropumps

A method to create microfluidic devices by utilizing hot imprinting stamps formed using printed circuit boards is demonstrated. Very large microfluidic devices (15×15 cm2) can be created with lateral features down to 100 microns and depths of nominally 17-70 μm. Room temperature solvent bonding was found to be a simple method of sealing the channels. The work also decribes the fabriation and operation of thermally actuated microvalves with sub-second switching and micropumps based on the imprinting techniques described.
An effective coding design for improving the performance of LED lighting based optical communication system

In order to combine LED lighting with optical communication system well, an effective coding design plugged in a time interval which is selected through theoretical calculation is proposed in the paper. In this way a stable environment for illumination will be provided and the brightness will be improved. Results of the experiment verify that the coding design is effective.
A new correlation for slip factor in radial and mixed-flow impellers

The slip phenomenon will result in a deviation of the theoretical head; thus, it is usually considered as an important factor in the design process of turbomachines (compressor, pump, or turbine). A new correlation for the slip factor in radial and mixed-flow impellers is developed in this study, which is derived on the basis of the Euler equation in turbomachinery and relative eddy theory. It is a function of flow coefficient besides geometric parameters, enabling it to predict the varying trend of slip factor with flowrate accurately, and is applied to several cases for validation.
Fast‐response, high‐precision carbon monoxide sensor using a tunable diode laser absorption technique

A tunable diode laser instrument denoted as DACOM (Differential Absorption CO Measurement) has been developed to meet the fast-response, high-precision CO measurement needs of the GTE (Global Tropospheric Experiment) program. Under the GTE program, DACOM participated in the three field missions of CITE 1 (Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation 1), a project involving the intercomparison of trace gas measurement techniques. DACOM performance, including analyses of measurement error sources, is discussed for the ground-based mission at Wallops Island, Virginia (summer 1983), and two missions on the NASA CV-990 (fall 1983 and spring 1984). Examples of fast-response (≈1 s), high-precision (±1 part per billion by volume, ±1.5% of reading) airborne data are included to illustrate the capability of this instrument.
An Improved Bat Algorithm and its Application in the Logistics Distribution Center Location Problem

In this paper, according to the characteristics and influence factors of the distribution logistics and distribution center problem, a mathematical model of the distribution center of the LRTWP (Location and Routing with Time Window Problem) was established. An improved bat algorithm was used to solve the model, the parameter and selection operator in the algorithm is set reasonably. Simulations and results indicate that the improved bat algorithm has better feasibility and validity for solving the LRTWP.
Advancements in Sprinkler Vegetative Treatment Systems for Small and Medium Animal Feeding Operations

A new method being explored in Nebraska, for managing open lot runoff from small and medium Animal Feeding Operations (AFO’s) is the Sprinkler Vegetative Treatment System. Distributing runoff water through a sprinkler system provides more flexibility in the design of the Vegetative Treatment Area and lessens concerns about the uniformity of application, commonly associated with gravity distribution systems. Since 2005 the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension has demonstrated Sprinkler VTS applications on working farms. This project has constructed and demonstrated sprinkler systems on five different farms ranging from 40 head to 800 head of feeder cattle. Adaptations have been tested which lower the cost of Sprinkler VTS systems and improve their reliability. This paper discusses the design, components of two Sprinkler VTS systems installed, their operation, construction costs, and lessons learned from experience developing and demonstrating the technology.