Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iron Exports From Catchments Are Constrained by Redox Status and Topography

Fe(III) hydroxides stabilize organic carbon (OC) and P in soils. Observations of rising stream Fe concentrations are controversially posited to result from a flushing of iron‐rich deeper soil layers or a decrease of competing electron acceptors inhibiting Fe reduction ( NO3− $\mathrm{N}{{\mathrm{O}}_{3}}^{-}$ and SO42− $\mathrm{S}{{\mathrm{O}}_{4}}^{2-}$ ). Here, we argue that catchment topography constrains the release of Fe, OC, and P to streams. We therefore incubated organic topsoil and mineral subsoil and modified the availability of NO3− $\mathrm{N}{{\mathrm{O}}_{3}}^{-}$ . We found that Fe leaching was highest in topsoil. Fe, OC, and P released at quantities proportional to their ratios in the source soil. Supply of NO3− $\mathrm{N}{{\mathrm{O}}_{3}}^{-}$ reduced Fe leaching to 18% and increased pore water OC:Fe and P:Fe ratios. Subsoil, however, was an insignificant Fe source (<0.5%). Here, the leached quantities of Fe, OC and P were highly disproportionate to the soil source with an excess of released OC and P. We tested if experimental findings scale up using data from 88 German catchments representing gradients in NO3− $\mathrm{N}{{\mathrm{O}}_{3}}^{-}$ concentration and topography. Average stream Fe concentrations increased with decreasing NO3− $\mathrm{N}{{\mathrm{O}}_{3}}^{-}$ and were high in catchments with shallow topography where high groundwater levels support reductive processes and topsoils are hydrologically connected to streams; but Fe concentrations were low in catchments with steep topography where flow occurs primarily through subsoils. OC:Fe and P:Fe ratios in the streams similarly varied by NO3− $\mathrm{N}{{\mathrm{O}}_{3}}^{-}$ and topography. This corroborates the findings from the laboratory experiment and suggests that catchment topography and competing electron acceptors constrain the formation of Fe‐reducing conditions and control the release of Fe, OC, and P to streams.
Fibrin(ogen) engagement of S. aureus promotes the host antimicrobial response and suppression of microbe dissemination following peritoneal infection

The blood-clotting protein fibrin(ogen) plays a critical role in host defense against invading pathogens, particularly against peritoneal infection by the Gram-positive microbe Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we tested the hypothesis that direct binding between fibrin(ogen) and S. aureus is a component of the primary host antimicrobial response mechanism and prevention of secondary microbe dissemination from the peritoneal cavity. To establish a model system, we showed that fibrinogen isolated from FibγΔ5 mice, which express a mutant form lacking the final 5 amino acids of the fibrinogen γ chain (termed fibrinogenγΔ5), did not support S. aureus adherence when immobilized and clumping when in suspension. In contrast, purified wildtype fibrinogen supported robust adhesion and clumping that was largely dependent on S. aureus expression of the receptor clumping factor A (ClfA). Following peritoneal infection with S. aureus USA300, FibγΔ5 mice displayed worse survival compared to WT mice coupled to reduced bacterial killing within the peritoneal cavity and increased dissemination of the microbes into circulation and distant organs. The failure of acute bacterial killing, but not enhanced dissemination, was partially recapitulated by mice infected with S. aureus USA300 lacking ClfA. Fibrin polymer formation and coagulation transglutaminase Factor XIII each contributed to killing of the microbes within the peritoneal cavity, but only elimination of polymer formation enhanced systemic dissemination. Host macrophage depletion or selective elimination of the fibrin(ogen) β2-integrin binding motif both compromised local bacterial killing and enhanced S. aureus systemic dissemination, suggesting fibrin polymer formation in and of itself was not sufficient to retain S. aureus within the peritoneal cavity. Collectively, these findings suggest that following peritoneal infection, the binding of S. aureus to stabilized fibrin matrices promotes a local, macrophage-mediated antimicrobial response essential for prevention of microbe dissemination and downstream host mortality.
Ribosome slowdown triggers codon‐mediated mRNA decay independently of ribosome quality control

The control of mRNA stability plays a central role in regulating gene expression patterns. Recent studies have revealed that codon composition in the open reading frame determines mRNA stability in multiple organisms. Based on genome‐wide correlation approaches, this previously unrecognized role for the genetic code is attributable to the kinetics of the codon‐decoding process by the ribosome. However, complementary experimental analyses are required to clarify the codon effects on mRNA stability and the related cotranslational mRNA decay pathways, for example, those triggered by aberrant ribosome stalling. In the current study, we performed a set of reporter‐based analyses to define codon‐mediated mRNA decay and ribosome stall‐dependent mRNA decay in zebrafish embryos. Our analysis showed that the effect of codons on mRNA stability stems from the decoding process, independent of the ribosome quality control factor Znf598 and stalling‐dependent mRNA decay. We propose that codon‐mediated mRNA decay is rather triggered by transiently slowed ribosomes engaging in a productive translation cycle in zebrafish embryos.
miR-16-5p Suppression Protects Human Cardiomyocytes against Endoplasmic Reticulum and Oxidative Stress-Induced Injury

Oxidative stress, defined as the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) relative to antioxidant defense, plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as an important source of ROS and its modulation could be cardioprotective. Previously, we demonstrated that miR-16-5p is enriched in the plasma of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients and promotes ER stress-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes in vitro. Here, we hypothesize that miR-16-5p might contribute to oxidative stress through ER stress induction and that targeting miR-16-5p may exert a cardioprotective role in ER stress-mediated cardiac injury. Analysis of oxidative markers in the plasma of ICM patients demonstrates that oxidative stress is associated with ICM. Moreover, we confirm that miR-16-5p overexpression promotes oxidative stress in AC16 cardiomyoblasts. We also find that, in response to tunicamycin-induced ER stress, miR-16-5p suppression decreases apoptosis, inflammation and cardiac damage via activating the ATF6-mediated cytoprotective pathway. Finally, ATF6 is identified as a direct target gene of miR-16-5p by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Our results indicate that miR-16-5p promotes ER stress and oxidative stress in cardiac cells through regulating ATF6, suggesting that the inhibition of miR-16-5p has potential as a therapeutic approach to protect the heart against ER and oxidative stress-induced injury.
Assessment of the Potential of Using Nanofiltration Polymeric and Ceramic Membranes to Treat Refinery Spent Caustic Effluents

Spent caustic effluents are very challenging due to their very hazardous nature in terms of toxicity as well as their extreme pH (approximately 12–14). Spent caustic has presented a challenge for wastewater treatment in refineries, due to its composition rich in mercaptans, sulfides and other aromatic compounds. To address such problems, membrane filtration was studied using real effluents from Sines Refinery, in Portugal. The present study attempts to assess the potential for spent caustic treatment with nanofiltration (NF) polymeric and ceramic membranes, assessing membrane life expectancy. For that, membrane aging studies in static mode were performed with the polymeric membrane before attempting NF treatment (dynamic studies). A ceramic membrane was also tested for the first time with this type of effluents, though only in dynamic mode. Although the polymeric membrane performance was very good and in accordance with previous studies, its lifespan was very reduced after 6 weeks of contact with spent caustic, compromising its use in an industrial unit. Contrarily to expectations, the ceramic membrane tested was not chemically more resistant than the polymeric one upon direct contact with spent caustic (loss of retention capacity in less than 1 h in contact with the spent caustic). The results obtained suggest that a pH of 13.9 is very aggressive, even for ceramic membranes.
Reducing Airborne Microbes in the Surgical Operating Theater and Other Clinical Settings: A Study Utilizing a Unique Photocatalytic Reactor Biocide Unit

The authors provide a research study examining the airborne microbial killing efficiency of a unique photocatalytic reactor (PCR) to eliminate fungal and bacterial pathogens. The study examines baseline bacterial and fungal cultures, commonly known as pathogens, collected at specific clinical sites. The cultures were incubated, and separate culture counts (colony-formed units, or CFUs) for specific microbes were recorded for the given clinical area. The samples are identified by gram stain and special growth media and samples of unique clinical interest such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are studied in depth, identifying genus and species in varying culture media. Samples and cultures are collected at specific times for a 24-hour period after the installation and use of the PCR biocide unit, revealing up to a 300% reduction of airborne microbes.
Specyfika udzielania pierwszej pomocy medycznej w warunkach bojowych w środowisku taktycznym na bazie standardu TCCC. Część VI. Zestawy medyczne jako element wyposażenia medycznego i zabezpieczenia indywidualnego żołnierzy Polskich Sił Zbrojnych

Realization of combat mission may bring body injuries forth. It requires providing soldiers with a proper medical equipment. Self-aid skill and awareness of the basic medical equipment improve a chance to survive in a tactical field environment. Individual medical package (IPMed) is a set created on the grounds of experiences and analysis, that serves to protect a soldier on a battle field. Appropriately constructed package enables quick and efficient coverage of injuries suffered during the ongoing conflicts in which Polish army forces take part. Anestezjologia i Ratownictwo 2014; 8: 453-460.
Launching Extinguishing Carriers Into RemoteForests For Active Fire Fighting

Conceptual research considering the option to fight forest fires by designing a carrier-body containing extinguishing agents that can be shot from a distance into the fire zone is presented in the current paper. This active method can be applied in situations where conventional fire-fighting cannot be employed, to remotely deliver extinguishing mixtures from a 2.5km distance, through controlling launching parameters as the starting angle and the shooting direction. The launching and flight of a projectile and a missile variant have been examined in this paper. Simulations for the variants in actual atmosphere have been produced, to obtain correlations between body parameters and its performance. Thus, aerodynamic causes and their effect in the body’s performance were determined. A design evaluation has been prepared to determine optimum body parameters, stability and geometry for the most suitable carrier design.
Use of Local Region Maps on Convolutional LSTM for Single-Image HDR Reconstruction

: Low dynamic range (LDR) images captured by consumer cameras have a limited luminance range. As the conventional method for generating high dynamic range (HDR) images involves merging multiple-exposure LDR images of the same scene (assuming a stationary scene), we introduce a learning-based model for single-image HDR reconstruction. An input LDR image is sequentially segmented into the local region maps based on the cumulative histogram of the input brightness distribution. Using the local region maps, SParam-Net estimates the parameters of an inverse tone mapping function to generate a pseudo-HDR image. We process the segmented region maps as the input sequences on long short-term memory. Finally, a fast super-resolution convolutional neural network is used for HDR image reconstruction. The proposed method was trained and tested on datasets including HDR-Real, LDR-HDR-pair, and HDR-Eye. The experimental results revealed that HDR images can be generated more reliably than using contemporary end-to-end approaches.
Muzzle Attachment's Influence on the Flying Bullets Attitude of Double-autogun

To study the influence of muzzle flow field on bullets' moving attitude during double autogun parallel firing,a new muzzle attachment was introduced.Numerical simulation was performed on muzzle blast flow of parallel firing.The influences of flow field with the new muzzle attachment on the moving attitude of the bullets were analyzed based on the simulation results.The velocity offset of bullets without muzzle attachment is 2.586 m/s,while the velocity offset with the new muzzle attachment is 1.564 m/s.The new muzzle attachment has observable effect to reduce the muzzle flow field's influence on the attitude of bullet,and it is positive in improving the precision of the weapon system.
Modelling students' behaviour and affect in ILE through educational data mining

The long-term objective behind the research presented in this thesis is the improvement of ILEs and particularly those components that take into account students' behaviour as well as emotions and motivation. In related research, this is often attempted based only on intuition, theoretical perspectives, or guided by results from studies in the isolation of a research lab. In this thesis, an attempt was made to inform the design of adaptation and feedback components by collecting and analysing as realistic data as possible. Guided by the belief that qualitative data analysis results can be enriched by employing statistical and machine learning techniques, this research investigated (a) key aspects of students' behaviour and their relation to their learning and (b) how their behaviour could be employed to predict students' affective and motivational states. The first step towards this goal was to gain an in-depth understanding of students' behaviour in ILEs when they interact on their own time and location, rather than during a controlled study where the social dynamics are different. Based on the results, components of an ILE were redesigned and two Bayesian models were machine-learned; the first predicts when students need help in answering a question and the second predicts if their interaction with the system is beneficial to their learning. In the next step, machine learning was employed in order to derive models of students' affective and motivational states based on their interactions. This was achieved by deriving decision trees based on a dataset of students' self-reports, collected during replays of their interaction. In addition, in order to take tutors' perspective into account, two different approaches were followed. The first was to elicit tutors' inferences while they are watching replays of students' interactions. Although this was not entirely successful, the difficulties which stem particularly from the fact that the tutors were asked to diagnose a situation in which they were not involved, provide insight for future work. In the second approach, decision trees were derived from a data-set of tutors' inferences, collected during one-to-one computer-mediated tutorials. Finally, the thesis provides a detailed discussion of the difficulties encountered, implications and recommendations for future work, together with indications of worth pursuing research.
Monopole and Dipole Identification Using Generalized Inverse Beamforming

Aeroacoustic problems pose some challenges to the conventional techniques normally used to source localization and identification. The main difficulties are that sources are normally distributed, with coherent and incoherent regions, and with simultaneous mono and multipole radiation patterns. Among the most recent ones, the Generalized Inverse Beamforming method has the promise to meet these challenges. In this paper, the potential for identification of compact sources in close vicinity, similar to a distributed source, and the potential to identify a dipole center and orientation, induced by two compact sources, are illustrated in two no-flow tests. Results obtained in semi-anechoic room are compared to numerical prediction, and the generalized inverse beamforming performance compared to the conventional beamforming results. This validation is a preparation for the application of the method to aeroacoustic problems.
Exploring the Multi-Tissue Crosstalk Relevant to Insulin Resistance Through Network-Based Analysis

Insulin resistance (IR) is a precursor event that occurs in multiple organs and underpins many metabolic disorders. However, due to the lack of effective means to systematically explore and interpret disease-related tissue crosstalk, the tissue communication mechanism in pathogenesis of IR has not been elucidated yet. To solve this issue, we profiled all proteins in white adipose tissue (WAT), liver, and skeletal muscle of a high fat diet induced IR mouse model via proteomics. A network-based approach was proposed to explore IR related tissue communications. The cross-tissue interface was constructed, in which the inter-tissue connections and also their up and downstream processes were particularly inspected. By functional quantification, liver was recognized as the only organ that can output abnormal carbohydrate metabolic signals, clearly highlighting its central role in regulation of glucose homeostasis. Especially, the CD36–PPAR axis in liver and WAT was identified and verified as a potential bridge that links cross-tissue signals with intracellular metabolism, thereby promoting the progression of IR through a PCK1-mediated lipotoxicity mechanism. The cross-tissue mechanism unraveled in this study not only provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of IR, but also is conducive to development of precision therapies against various IR associated diseases. With further improvement, our network-based cross-tissue analytic method would facilitate other disease-related tissue crosstalk study in the near future.
Preoperative diffusion tensor imaging for facial nerve identification and treatment outcome in Vestibular Schwannoma

Preservation of the facial nerve (FN) and vestibulocochlear nerve is essential to keep the quality of life of patients during surgery for the treatment of vestibular schwannoma (VS). One of the great challenges for neurosurgeons is to make a good surgical planning, to identify a tumor location, as well as its relationship with anatomical and nervous structures to facilitate the surgeon’s work and avoid inappropriate conducts. Currently, many studies have reported the effectiveness of the diffusion tensor and tractography imaging (DTI) technique. We conducted a systematic review of studies that report the use of this technique.The PubMed and Embase databases were used to search, according to pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twelve articles were selected for this study, with a total of 255 patients who underwent a DTI preoperatively. The location and path of the facial nerve were verified intraoperatively, and 226 (89%) correlated the DTI result with the intraoperative finding, which met our inclusion criteria. The results of this research pointed to the excellent result of the DTI to predict the location of the FN in the preoperative period, allowing greater surgical planning and improvement in the outcome of the facial nerve function.
Measurement and engineering application of temperature field multiple-ring hole frozen wall in extra-thick clay strata

In China the thickness of freeze sinking through alluvial layer has exceeded 500 m and is close to 600 m.Multiple-ring hole freezing scheme and construction materials of the previous 10 mine shafts are collected.Data of the temperature field of the multiple-ring hole frozen wall of two super-thick layer freezing wells in Zhaogu No.1 Coal Mine are measured.The main reasons for rib spalling in shallow area,fully frozen in deep area,slow driving,and high expense of freezing in freezing shafts are that the frozen wall is too thick,the ring diameter of holes cannot adapt to each other,the middle-ring holes are excessive,and the inner-ring holes are too deep.The frozen soil extends more quickly to inside after the intersection of inner and middle ring holes,and adjustment capacity of the main frozen hole is poor during frozen period in middle ring.The method of frozen wall thickness and the matched hole-distributing method of three-ring hole freezing which makes the outside circle as the main frozen hole,the middle circle as the auxiliary hole and the inner hole as the prevention hole for wall caving are studied.The contradiction between the freezing,driving and lining is effectively solved,and technical and economic benefits have increased greatly after the proposed method is applied successfully in three frozen walls of 530 m extra-thick clay-strata in Zhaogu No.2 Coal Mine.
A Compact Model of Backscattering Coefficient and Mobility of Graphene FET for SiO2 and h-BN Substrates

The field dependent compact model of backscattering coefficient and quasi-ballistic mobility of charge carriers in graphene have developed for two different substrates: silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). The formulation of the backscattering coefficient is performed using the Landauer and McKelvey Flux Theory (MFT) in quasi-ballistic regime. In graphene, acoustic phonon (AP), surface optical phonon (OP) and charged impurity (CI) scatterings are present among the charge carriers. That is carefully considered during the formulation of backscattering coefficient (R) and quasi-ballistic mobility ( µ eff ) . We find that the Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET) with h-BN substrate has the lower backscattering and higher quasi-ballistic mobility. The modeled expression of backscattering coefficient and quasi-ballistic mobility is substituted in drain current ( I DS ) of GFET devices having SiO 2 and h-BN substrate, have shown good agreement with the experimental results.