Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speed Range Extended Maximum Torque Per Ampere Control for PM Drives Considering Inverter and Motor Nonlinearities

In this paper, a comprehensive and practical method of implementing speed range extended maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control for permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is presented. The inverter-based method of measuring PMSM parameters, including winding resistance and d- and q-axis flux linkages, is introduced. The nonlinearities of the inverter, including voltage amplitude error and voltage phase shift, are identified and compensated, which improves the accuracy of the characterized flux linkage. The extended MTPA current references are obtained by employing nonlinear optimization algorithm, and the results are verified analytically on the current plane. MTPA control is applied on the PMSM experimentally in the entire speed range. Current transition, torque control accuracy, and efficiency performance are measured in the entire torque–speed range.
Causality-based cost-effective action mining

In many business contexts, the ultimate goal of knowledge discovery is not the knowledge itself, but putting it to use. Models or patterns found by data mining methods often require further post-processing to bring this about. For instance, in churn prediction, data mining may give a model that predicts which customers are likely to end their contract, but companies are not just interested in knowing who is likely to do so, they want to know what they can do to avoid this. The models or patterns have to be transformed into actionable knowledge. Action mining explicitly addresses this. Currently, many action mining methods rely on a predictive model, obtained through data mining, to estimate the effect of certain actions and finally suggest actions with desirable effects. A major problem with this approach is that predictive models do not necessarily reflect a causal relationship between their inputs and outputs. This makes the existing action mining methods less reliable. In this paper, we introduce ICE-CREAM, a novel approach to action mining that explicitly relies on an automatically obtained best estimate of the causal relationships in the data. Experiments confirm that ICE-CREAM performs much better than the current state of the art in action mining.
Discrepancy between participants' understanding and desire to know in informed consent: are they informed about what they really want to know?

Background Participants' understanding of clinical trials is important in informed consent. However, little is known about what information participants really want to know. Aims To demonstrate the existence of a discrepancy between participants' understanding and their desire to know. Methods The participants in clinical trials at Seoul National University Hospital were surveyed. The survey consisted of 11 statements based on the essential elements of informed consent. The participants gave two responses to each statement on a five-point Likert scale to rate their subjective understanding and desire to know, respectively. Information discrepancy was defined as the difference between these two ratings: if understanding exceeded desire to know for a particular item, it was defined as ‘over-informed’; if desire to know exceeded understanding for a particular item, it was defined as ‘under-informed’. Results Participants reported good understanding of ‘voluntariness’, ‘duration’, ‘study involves research’ and poor understanding of ‘confidentiality’, ‘compensation’, ‘benefits’, ‘procedures’ and ‘risks or discomforts’. For ‘risks or discomforts’, ‘who to contact’, ‘voluntariness’, ‘duration’ and ‘procedures’, participants reported high desire to know compared with ‘confidentiality’, ‘purpose’, ‘study involves research’ and ‘benefits’. The elements ‘study involves research’, ‘voluntariness’, ‘duration’, ‘purpose’ and ‘who to contact’ were over-informed, while ‘compensation’, ‘risks or discomforts’, ‘procedures’, ‘confidentiality’ and ‘benefits’ were under-informed. Participants over 50 years of age, those without a college education and those whose participation was less voluntary were relatively less informed about the clinical trials. Conclusions An information discrepancy was observed between the participants' understanding and their desire to know. By putting more emphasis on under-informed elements, the quality of informed consent could be improved.
Recent progress in antiviral chemotherapy for respiratory syncytial virus infections

The recent progress in antiviral chemotherapy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections was reviewed. RSV infections among high risk individuals, such as premature babies, infants with congenital disease of cardiopulmonary system or immune system and the aged, hospitalised patients with immunosuppressed status are threatened, with high mortality rates and thus need anti-viral chemotherapy. Clinical efficacy of ribavirin and humanised monoclonal antibody (mAb) against RSV infections as well as experimental reports of novel anti-RSV compounds under investigation such as membrane fusion inhibitors were introduced.
The Zic2 gene directs the formation and function of node cilia to control cardiac situs

The first molecular herald of organ asymmetry during murine embryogenesis is found at the periphery of the node in early‐somite stage embryos. Asymmetric gene expression and calcium accumulation at the node occurs in response to a left‐ward flow of extracellular fluid across the node, generated by motile cilia within the pit of the node and likely sensed by immotile cilia in the periphery of the node. The ciliation of node cells is controlled by a cascade of node‐restricted transcription factor activity during mid‐late gastrulation. Mutation of the murine Zic2 transcription factor is associated with random cardiac situs and a loss of asymmetric gene expression at the early‐somite node and in the lateral plate. Zic2 is not expressed in these regions but is transiently expressed in the mid‐late gastrula node at the time of ciliogenesis. The cilia of the node are overtly abnormal in Zic2 mutant embryos being dysmorphic and short relative to wild‐type littermates. The expression of the Noto, Rfx3, and Foxj1 transcription factors known to regulate ciliogenesis is greatly depleted in the mid‐gastrula node of mutants, as is the expression of the Pkd1l1 gene required for cilia function. Zic2 appears to be a component of the gene regulatory network that drives ciliation of node cells during gastrulation. genesis 52:626–635, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An in vitro study to evaluate the genotoxicity of value added Hydroxyapatite as a bone replacement material

Hydroryapatite (HA) used for bone replacement is one of the most active areas of ceramic biomaterials research currently. It has been used clinically for the last 20 years due to its excellent biocompatibility, osseoconduction and osseointegration. Many modifications have been done to develop a stronger tougher and biocompatible ceramic biomaterial because pure HA is brittle. Researchers in Universiti Sains Malaysia had developed this value added HA that is stronger and less brittle compared to pure HA. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the genotoxic characteristic of the value added HA based material by using Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames test). The Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay of HA was performed on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TAl537 and Eschenchia coli strain WP2 uvrA using the preincubation method in the presence and absence of an exogenous metabolic activation system. All the bacterial tester strains treated with and without S9 Mix showed no increase of revertant colonies with increase in concentration of test substance for both the dose finding test and the main test. The nurmber of revertant colonies was less than twice that of the solvent control for all the five bacterial strain; and this was reproducible for both the dose finding test and the main test. The numbers of revertant colonies in the negative and positive controls were within the background data of our laboratory. In conclusion the results of the tests showed that the value added HA was considered to have no reverse mutagenic potential under the present test conditions.
Mutational analysis of the H-ras oncogene in spontaneous C57BL/6 x C3H/He mouse liver tumors and tumors induced with genotoxic and nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens.

The frequency and mutational profile of H-ras gene activation were determined in spontaneous liver tumors of male C57BL/6 x C3H/He mice and in tumors induced with the genotoxic hepatocarcinogen benzidine.2 HCl or the nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens phenobarbital, chloroform, and ciprofibrate. DNA sequence analysis of the H-ras gene from representative tumors revealed that 32 of 50 (64%) spontaneous tumors and 13 of 22 (59%) benzidine.2 HCl-induced tumors contained a point mutation in codon 61. Tumors induced with the nongenotoxic agents had a much lower frequency of codon 61 mutations, i.e., phenobarbital, 1 of 15 (7%); chloroform, 5 of 24 (21%), and ciprofibrate, 8 of 39 (21%). No mutations were observed at codons 12, 13, and 117 in tumors from any of the groups. Only three base pair substitutions within codon 61 were found. The one most frequently detected in all of the groups was a C.G to A.T transversion at the first nucleotide position, occurring at a 59%, 85%, 100%, 80%, and 88% frequency in the spontaneous tumors and in the tumors induced with benzidine 2.Hcl, phenobarbital, chloroform, and ciprofibrate, respectively. In these same groups an A.T to G.C transition or an A.T to T.A transversion at the second nucleotide position occurred at a frequency of 34%, 8%, 0%, 0%, and 12%, and 6%, 8%, 0%, 20%, and 0%, respectively. The number of tumors carrying an activated H-ras gene in the nongenotoxic treatment groups is within the range that would be expected if those animals had not received any treatment. This indicates that the activation of the H-ras gene in those tumors is probably the result of a spontaneous event. The data suggest that these toxicologically and pharmacologically diverse nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens increase the frequency of liver tumors but do not induce mutations in the H-ras gene. Instead these agents appear to interact with a population of cells that do not contain an activated H-ras gene. This suggests that the mechanisms of tumor development by these nongenotoxic carcinogens differ at least partially from the mechanisms responsible for the development of spontaneous tumors or those induced by a typical genotoxic agent.
ATTENUATION OF VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND FIBROSIS IN RATS BY PITAVASTATIN: POTENTIAL ROLE OF THE RhoA–EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL‐REGULATED KINASE–SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR SIGNALLING PATHWAY

1 Inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (statins) manifest pleiotropic effects that may contribute to their therapeutic efficacy. However, the mechanism of the beneficial action of statins on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis remains unclear. We have now investigated this action of pitavastatin in Dahl salt‐sensitive (DS) rats. 2 The DS rats progressively develop marked hypertension when fed a diet containing 8% NaCl from 7 weeks of age. These animals exhibited pronounced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as upregulation of fetal‐type cardiac gene expression at 12 weeks of age, compared with DS rats fed a diet containing 0.3% NaCl. The abundance of mRNAs for collagen types I and III, angiotensin‐converting enzyme, transforming growth factor‐β1 and connective tissue growth factor was also increased in the heart of rats on the high‐salt diet. 3 Treatment of rats on the high‐salt diet with a non‐antihypertensive dose of pitavastatin (0.3 or 1 mg/kg per day) from 7 to 12 weeks of age attenuated the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as inhibiting the upregulation of cardiac gene expression. Pitavastatin also blocked the translocation of RhoA to the membrane fraction of the left ventricle and RhoA activation, as well as the phosphorylation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐1 and ERK‐2 and an increase in the DNA binding activity of serum response factor (SRF) in the heart induced by the high‐salt diet. 4 These findings suggest that the effects of pitavastatin on load‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are independent of its cholesterol‐lowering action and may be mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of RhoA–ERK–SRF signalling.
Molecular Analysis of the Wheat Blast Population in Brazil with a Homolog of Retrotransposon MGR583

We have identified a family of dispersed repetitive DNA sequences in the genome of a Magnaporthe grisea isolate from finger millet (Eleusine coracana). Southern blot analyses showed that this element is present in a moderate copy number (30-40 copies) in the genome of blast isolates from wheat (Triticum aestivum). DNA sequence data suggested that this element contains a region highly homologous to the reverse transcriptase domain of MGR583, a poly A-type retrotransposon. Using the reverse transcriptase domain of this element as a molecular probe, the genetic structure of the wheat blast population was examined. DNA fingerprinting analyses revealed that the wheat-infecting isolates constitute a separate, single lineage of their own, suggesting that they are derived from a single origin.
Rad53 Checkpoint Kinase Phosphorylation Site Preference Identified in the Swi6 Protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Rad53 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a checkpoint kinase whose structure and function are conserved among eukaryotes. When a cell detects damaged DNA, Rad53 activity is dramatically increased, which ultimately leads to changes in DNA replication, repair, and cell division. Despite its central role in checkpoint signaling, little is known about Rad53 substrates or substrate specificity. A number of proteins are implicated as Rad53 substrates; however, the evidence remains indirect. Previously, we have provided evidence that Swi6, a subunit of the Swi4/Swi6 late-G1-specific transcriptional activator, is a substrate of Rad53 in the G1/S DNA damage checkpoint. In the present study we identify Rad53 phosphorylation sites in Swi6 in vitro and demonstrate that at least one of them is targeted by Rad53 in vivo. Mutations in these phosphorylation sites in Swi6 shorten but do not eliminate the Rad53-dependent delay of the G1-to-S transition after DNA damage. We derive a consensus for Rad53 site preference at positions −2 and +2 (−2/+2) and identify its potential substrates in the yeast proteome. Finally, we present evidence that one of these candidates, the cohesin complex subunit Scc1 undergoes DNA damage-dependent phosphorylation, which is in part dependent on Rad53.
Aging, Disablement, and Dying: Using Time-as-Process and Time-as-Resources Metrics to Chart Late-Life Change

Time is a vehicle that can be used to represent aging-related processes and to index the amount of aging-related resources or burdens individuals have accumulated. Using data on cognitive (memory) performance from two Swedish studies of the elderly (OCTO and OCTO-TWIN), the authors illustrate how time-as-process and time-as-resources/burdens time metrics can be articulated and incorporated within a growth-curve modeling framework. Results highlight the possibilities for representing the contributions of primary, secondary, and tertiary aspects of aging to late-life changes in cognitive and other domains of functioning.
MiDGaP : Mixture Density Gaussian Processes

Gaussian Processes (GPs) have become a core technique in machine learning over the last decade, with numerous extensions and applications. Although several approaches exist for warping the conditional Gaussian posterior distribution to other members of the exponential family, most tacitly assume a unimodal posterior. In this paper we present a mixture density model (MDM) allowing multi-modal posterior distributions from GPs. We make explicit comparison with alternate models, namely the Mixture Density Network (MDN) and Mixture of GP Experts (GPE). Unlike MDN approaches, we allow full probability distributions over the latent variables that encode the mixture posterior, allowing uncertainty to propagate in a principled manner. Unlike the GPE methods, we achieve nonGaussian posteriors within a single GP model. We showcase the performance of the approach on synthetic and real timeseries data sets. Our results indicate that not only is the approach competitive in terms of error metrics but also provides further insight into the multiplicity of potential paths a timeseries may take in the future.
Bigger , Longer , Fewer : what do cluster jobs look like outside Google ?

In the last 5 years, a set of job scheduler logs released by Google has been used in more than 400 publications as the token cloud workload. While this is an invaluable trace, we think it is crucial that researchers evaluate their work under other workloads as well, to ensure the generality of their techniques. To aid them in this process, we analyze three new traces consisting of job scheduler logs from one private and two HPC clusters. We further release the two HPC traces, which we expect to be of interest to the community due to their unique characteristics. The new traces represent clusters 0.3-3 times the size of the Google cluster in terms of CPU cores, and cover a 3-60 times longer time span. This paper presents an analysis of the differences and similarities between all aforementioned traces. We discuss a variety of aspects: job characteristics, workload heterogeneity, resource utilization, and failure rates. More importantly, we review assumptions from the literature that were originally derived from the Google trace, and verify whether they hold true when the new traces are considered. For those assumptions that are violated, we examine affected work from the literature. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of dataset plurality in job scheduling research by evaluating the performance of JVuPredict, the job runtime estimate module of the TetriSched scheduler, using all four traces. Acknowledgements: This work was performed at the Ultrascale Systems Research Center (USRC) at Los Alamos National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy contract AC52-06NA25396. The publication has been assigned the LANL identifier LA-UR-1728045. We would like to thank John Wilkes for his invaluable feedback. We also thank the members and companies of the PDL Consortium (Broadcom, Citadel, Dell EMC, Google, HP Labs, Hitachi, Intel, Microsoft Research, MongoDB, NetApp, Oracle, Samsung, Seagate Technology, Tintri, Two Sigma, Toshiba, Uber, Veritas and Western Digital) for their interest, insights, feedback, and support.
Quantitation with monoclonal antibodies of Escherichia coli H protein suggests histone function

The abundance of the histonelike H protein of Escherichia coli (U. Hübscher, H. Lutz, and A. Kornberg, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:5097-5101, 1980) was determined by using monoclonal antibodies against H protein, immunoblotting, and homogeneous H protein as a standard. H protein was found to be present at approximately 120,000 monomeric molecules per fast-growing E. coli cell. This amount of H protein corresponds to a ratio of one H protein molecule to approximately 200 base pairs of the bacterial chromosome. Together with previous results, these findings suggest that H protein has histonelike function similar to that of histone protein H2A, its counterpart in the eucaryotic cell.
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizoaffective disorder--bipolar subtype.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the point prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizoaffective disorder--bipolar type. METHODS Consenting patients who were participants in an ongoing clinical trial of adjunctive topiramate treatment for schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type were evaluated at baseline for the point prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. The criteria for the metabolic syndrome included: (a) waist circumference > 102 cm (40 inches) in males, or > 88 cm (35 inches) in females; (b) fasting serum triglyceride levels > or = 150 mg/dL; (c) fasting high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women; (d) blood pressure > or = 130/85 mmHg; and (e) fasting glucose > or = 110 mg/dL. Subjects who had at least three of these five criteria were defined as meeting criteria for the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Thirty-six subjects (males = 15, females = 21) were evaluated, and three were excluded for missing data. Among those 33 subjects with complete data, 14 subjects (42.4%, males = 7, females = 7, African Americans = 6, Caucasians = 8) met criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Not unexpectedly, those with the metabolic syndrome were significantly more likely to be obese, and have significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean fasting triglyceride levels and larger mean waist circumferences, and significantly lower HDL cholesterol levels; and a trend toward higher fasting blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the fasting mean total cholesterol in those with the metabolic syndrome was 217 mg/dL (+/-46). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary report suggests that the point prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizoaffective disorder appears to be higher than that reported in the general population of the USA. Targeted weight reduction and life style change strategies (increased exercise, smoking cessation, stress reduction) may provide useful interventions to decrease the morbidity and mortality that accompanies the presence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with psychiatric illnesses.
Prevalence of standing plantar pressure distribution variation in north Asian Indian patients with diabetes mellitus: A study to understand ulcer formation

Diabetes Mellitus is a disorder of metabolism. Foot problems are common in diabetes and altered plantar pressures distribution may lead to ulceration in people with Diabetes Mellitus. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate standing plantar pressure distribution variations in north Asian Indian diabetes mellitus subjects and its association with duration of diabetes. Thirty three subjects with age range from 40 to 75 years are recruited from AIIMS Endocrinology & metabolism lab Delhi, India and divided into three groups: 11 control subjects (non-diabetic), 11 diabetic subjects without neuropathy (DNN) and 11 diabetic subjects with neuropathy (DN). Neuropathy status was assessed by measuring loss of protective sensation to 10gm Semen’s Weinstein monofilament. Plantar pressure distributions parameter-Power ratio (PR) was measured during barefoot standing using portable PedoPowerGraph and results are analyzed using one way analysis of variance to detect significant difference between the groups. We found significant (p<0.05; p<0.01) difference in PR value between DN and CG groups in fore foot and hind foot but no significant (p>0.05) difference in PR value was found between DNN and CG groups in the foot. As compared to DNN, DN group have maximum PR variations in the fore foot. Plantar pressure distribution parameter-PR was higher with longer duration of diabetes among type 2 diabetes subjects. In this study we conclude that plantar pressure distribution parameter-PR was able to distinguish the DN groups from the CG group in hind and fore foot during standing. Increased forefoot PR value is prevalent in the diabetic neuropathic subjects and may be responsible for the occurrence of foot sole ulcers but additional prospective studies are needed. In the future we will investigate the plantar pressure distribution parameter-PR variations in diabetes with obese and osteoarthritis subject.