Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity Study through K-means Clustering in Germplasm Accessions of Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.)] Under Drought Condition

An experiment was conducted to evaluate 205 green gram germplasm accessions along with five check entries for drought tolerance using augmented design during summer 2015 by imposing drought stress condition. Observations were recorded on 17 quantitative traits. ANOVA revealed high significant differences among germplasm accessions for yield, yield component traits and also for drought tolerance traits. Mean squares attributable to ‘Genotypes vs check entries’ were significant for all the traits except seeds per pod and relative water content. Based on K-means clustering, all the 205 germplasm accessions were grouped into seven different clusters. Cluster V was the largest with 38 genotypes followed by cluster I with 36, cluster III and VII with 28, cluster II with 27, cluster IV with 25 and cluster VI with 23 genotypes. The mode of distribution of genotypes coming from different geographical regions into various clusters was at random indicating that the genotypes originating from different agro-climatic regions grouped together into different clusters showing no parallelism between genetic diversity and geographical distribution. The maximum inter cluster distance was recorded between the clusters I and VI (208.17) followed by cluster V and VI (168.52). The minimum inter cluster distance was recorded between the clusters IV and V (45.01) followed by cluster IV and VII (46.97). The maximum intra cluster distance was recorded for the cluster VI (208.17) followed by cluster IV (160.40). The minimum intra cluster distance was recorded for the cluster IV (45.01) followed by cluster V (52.55). Abstract
Influence of Caecectomy on the Bioavailability of Minerals from Vegetable Protein Supplements in Adult Roosters

The present study was designed to assess the influence of caeca on the availability of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and copper from soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, sesame, fish and meat cum bone meal in adult roosters. The excretion of endogenous origin minerals viz., copper, magnesium, manganese and calcium was significantly (p<0.001) higher in caecectomized than in normal roosters. The difference in the endogenous excretion was 50; 60.45; 40.35 and 29.63 per cent for copper, magnesium, manganese and calcium, respectively, in caecectomized roosters. The caeca played a pivotal role in the reabsorption of endogenous origin calcium, magnesium, manganese and copper. The mechanism of phosphorus absorption by the caecal epithelium was negligible. The caecectomized roosters underestimated the bioavailability of copper in sunflower meal and manganese in almost all the test feedstuffs. The present investigation revealed that the caeca played a critical role in the absorption of minerals from vegetable protein feedstuffs which escape digestion and absorption in the small and large intestinal segments.
Morphology and phylogeny of Ramirezia osornoensis gen. & sp. nov. and Phyllymenia acletoi sp. nov. (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) from South America

Abstract: We conducted phylogenetic analyses of plastid rbcL sequences and detailed observations on female reproductive structures of foliose halymeniacean red algae collected in Chile and Peru. We describe Ramirezia osornoensis gen. et. sp. nov., characterised by having seven-celled carpogonial branches and six-celled auxiliary-cell branches, formation of primary connecting filaments after fertilisation, nutritive filaments mostly upwardly directed and well-developed pericarps. It was distributed from central Chile to the Falkland Islands. The female structures of Halymenia lapathifolia Kützing and its placement in the rbcL tree indicated that it belonged to a new genus, which we named Ramirezia. In the rbcL phylogeny, Ramirezia consistently formed a clade with Chilean/Peruvian species. We described Phyllymenia acletoi sp. nov. on the basis of specimens from Peru. Phyllymenia acletoi had a distinctive rbcL phylogeny and Phyllymenia-type female structures. It was characterised by thalli divided into several lobes, a loose cortex of five to seven layers of cells with stellate inner cortical cells, a gradual transition from cortex to lax medulla and pericarps with few involucral filaments.
Settlement patterns of Caribbean scleractinian corals on artificial substrata along a eutrophication gradient, Barbados, West Indies

Artificial substrate settlement plates (terracotta tiles) were set out on 3 fringing reefs for a period of 12 mo to study settlement patterns of juvenile scleractinian corals along a eutrophication gradient on the west coast of Barbados, W.I. A total of 716 coral planulae settled on 120 experimental plates after 12 mo of exposure. Statistically higher (p 0.05) average number of juvenile corals per plate ( R = 9.2 f 3.3; N = 40) was recorded on a less eutrophic reef compared to 2 more eutrophic reefs (X = 6.9 f 3.1; N = 40 and X = 1 9 i 1.3; N = 40) Differences in juvenile coral settlement between reef zones, within each reef, were dependent on the reef's position along the eutrophication gradient. Statistically higher number of coral planulae (;if = 7.2 + 4.5; N = 60) successfully settled on vertical plates compared to horizontal plates (X = 4.8 + 3.3; N = 60). Coral planulae did not settle on upper surfaces of horizontal plates. In terms of relative abundance, the most common coral species in the juvenile population on the experimental plates were Porites astreoides Lamarck which accounted for 42% of the settled planulae, followed by Agaricia spp. (23%); and F! porites (Pallas) (19%). Juveniles of Montastrea annularis (Ellis & Solander), Siderastrea spp, and Diplona spp , while present at 2 northern reefs, were absent from the most eutrophic reef.
Relationship between Anchorage-Independent Growth and Cytochalasin B-Induced Multinucleation in Cloned BHK-21/C13 Cells and Their Chemical Transformants

The relationships between anchorage-independent growth and cytochalasin B (CB)-induced multinucleation in cloned BHK-21 cells and their chemical transformants were studied. Clones of BHK-21 cells derived from flat colonies grown on plastic, that were selected for their extremely low growth on agar plates (Ag- clones), had low CB-multinucleated cell rates (% of cells with more than 3 nuclei), whereas parent BHK-21 cells could grow on an agar plate and had high CB-multinucleated ceil rates. Transformants (agar colonies) were induced in a Ag- clone (L77) after treatment with MNNG and several days of expression time. At least two types of transformants were distinguishable by their agar colony morphologies; globular and dispersing. The clones derived from the transformants retained their ability to grow on an agar plate. Most showed increased CB-multinucleated cell rates when compared to parent L77 cells irrespective of the agar colony type. These results indicate that anchorage-independent growth and CB-multinucleation are closely related in BHK-21 cells and their clones, and that both properties can be induced simultaneously during chemical transformation.
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTIC AND AIRPLANE STABILITY AT THE PLERIMENARY DESIGN STAGE

Preliminary Design is the second stage in aircraft design after knowing the needs and specifications at the Conceptual Design stage. This Preliminary Design includes the conceptual design evaluation of aircraft performance in several fields, such as aerodynamics, engine power, and aircraft structure. This Job Training Report illustrates how is taken to conduct aerodynamic and aircraft stability analysis at the plerimenary design stage using NASA's open source software, Open Vehicle Simulation Program (OpenVsp). The aircraft model is simulated until aerodynamic and stability data are obtained which later can be processed for aircraft control design.
Minimizing Defect States in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cell Materials

In order to reach the theoretical efficiency limits of lead-based metal halide perovskite solar cells, the voltage should be enhanced because it suffers from non-radiative recombination. Perovskite materials contain intrinsic defects that can act as Shockley–Read–Hall recombination centers. Several experimental and computational studies have characterized such defect states within the band gap. We give a systematic overview of compositional engineering by distinguishing the different defect-reducing mechanisms. Doping effects are divided into influences on: (1) crystallization; (2) lattice properties. Incorporation of dopant influences the lattice properties by: (a) lattice strain relaxation; (b) chemical bonding enhancement; (c) band gap tuning. The intrinsic lattice strain in undoped perovskite was shown to induce vacancy formation. The incorporation of smaller ions, such as Cl, F and Cd, increases the energy for vacancy formation. Zn doping is reported to induce strain relaxation but also to enhance the chemical bonding. The combination of computational studies using (DFT) calculations quantifying and qualifying the defect-reducing propensities of different dopants with experimental studies is essential for a deeper understanding and unraveling insights, such as the dynamics of iodine vacancies and the photochemistry of the iodine interstitials, and can eventually lead to a more rational approach in the search for optimal photovoltaic materials.
Metallographic Determination of Strain Distribution in Cold Extruded Aluminum Gear-Like Element

In this study, an experimental, metallographic method for determining strain distribution in a cold extruded aluminum gear-like element, based on the dependence of recrystallized grain size on prior deformation, was devised in order to overcome design problems in manufacturing of complex parts where critical values of strain and stress could cause a fracture. The method was applied on a 99.5% aluminum bar subjected to cold, radial extrusion, in order to produce complex gear-like element. To reveal the strain and stress distribution in specimens, the calibration and flow curves were first obtained by uniaxial compression (Rastegaev test). Afterwards, the grain size in different parts of the gear section was examined, the strain and stress distributions were calculated, and the results were confirmed by microhardness measurements. It was found that grain size, strain, stress, and microhardness considerably differed throughout the cross-section of the gear. The coarsest grain, and thus the lowest strain zone, was obtained in the central part of the tooth and in the zone between teeth. Conversely, the finest grains appeared in the highest strain zone at the specimen surface, particularly in the root of the teeth. Furthermore, results were supported by microhardness measurements, i.e., microhardness corresponded to grain size and strain hardening. Finally, the real view of material flow in the complex extruded part was successfully obtained by the metallographic method.
On the Generic Status of Tetragoneuria and Epicordulia (Odonata: Corduliidae)

Abstract Three genera of Odonata, Epitheca, Tetragoneuria and Epicordulia, have previously been regarded as distinct. Analysis of adult characters, especially the venation and habit of oviposition, shows them to be congeneric, the name Epitheca being appropriate for the resulting combination. Larval morphology is consistent with this grouping.
Microwave irradiation: impacts on physicochemical properties of red wine

ABSTRACT Microwave irradiation is considered as a potential alternative technology for promoting the progress of wine aging. The effects of microwave irradiation on some important physicochemical properties of young Cabernet Sauvignon dry red wine were studied. The results indicated that there were significant changes in total phenolic compounds (TPC), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA), titratable acidity (TA), and DPPH-free radical scavenging activity (DFRSA), while pH and electrical conductivity (EC) hardly changed. DFRSA was correlated to TPC, TMA, and TA during microwave treatment. The changing trend of chromatic characteristics (CC), which induced by microwave irradiation, was consistent with that of aging red wine. The results of principal component analysis showed that there was a big difference between the untreated red wine and the treated red wine under different microwave conditions. The results suggested that microwave technology could change some physicochemical properties of red wine and promote the aging of red wine.
The effect of protein supplements on the production and composition of milk from dairy cows fed high levels of grain with pasture silage in early lactation

Milk production and composition were measured for 42 days in 76 Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle in early lactation fed a 3 : 1 barley-lupin grain mixture with protein supplements of lupins, meat meal, blood meal, or cottonseed meal. The crude protein content of all grain-protein supplement mixtures was 21%. The cows were fed 9 kglday of the grain-protein supplement mixtures, and perennial ryegrass-subterranean clover pasture silage was available ad libitum. When data from all cows were analysed, no significant differences were recorded in the production and composition of milk from cows fed the different protein supplements. However, analysing only data from those cows producing >25 L/day, there was a significant (P 25 L milk/day.
Influence of biopsy sexing and in vitro culture on losses of female mouse and bovine embryos

Abstract A study was performed to determine whether micromanipulation or in vitro culture had a disproportionately detrimental effect on female embryos. In this experiment 2‐cell mouse embryos, mouse morulae and bovine morulae were cultured to hatched blastocyst using CZB or M‐16 for mouse, and M‐199 for bovine embryos. Other groups of mouse morulae and bovine morulae were biopsied and cultured afterwards to the same stage. After culture, sex was determined using PCR. Our results showed that in mouse embryos 72 h of in vitro culture in M‐16 had a significant detrimental effect on the development of female embryos (36% females vs 64% males; p<0.05). Meanwhile, CZB did not produce sex ratio imbalance. We also found that a significant higher proportion of male embryos developed to hatched blastocyst after biopsy of both mouse (35% females vs 65% males; p<0.01) and bovine embryos (32% females vs 68% males; p<0.05).
Variation in dive behavior of Cuvier’s beaked whales with seafloor depth, time-of-day, and lunar illumination

Depth distributions were analyzed from a study of 19 Cuvier’s beaked whales Ziphius cavirostris that were tagged with satellite transmitting instruments off southern California, USA. Over 113000 depth measurements were made over the equivalent of ~200 sampling days. The mean foraging depth was 1182 m (SD = 305 m), and the mean of the maximum depth of all foraging dives was 1427 m (SD = 298 m). Mean foraging depths increased with seafloor depths up to a maximum of ~1300 m at a seafloor depth of 1900 m, but decreased slightly to a mean of ~1200 m at seafloor depths of 2000-4000 m. Near-bottom habitat appears to be important for foraging; whales spent ~30% of their foraging time within 200 m of the bottom at seafloor depths of 1000-2000 m. However, little foraging time was spent near the bottom at seafloor depths greater than 2000 m. The percentage of time spent at near-surface depths (<50 m) was more than twice as high at night (25%) than during the day (12%). Lunar light also appears to affect diving, with 28% of dark nights and only 17% of brightly moonlit nights spent at these near-surface depths. The apparent avoidance of surface waters during daytime and on brightly moonlit nights is consistent with avoidance of visual predators. A considerably greater fraction of time was spent foraging at night (24.8%) than during the day (15.7%), possibly due to energetic constraints imposed by predator avoidance during the day.
POTENTIAL OF SEAFOOD INDUSTRY BYPRODUCTS AS SOURCES OF RECOVERABLE LIPIDS: FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MEAT AND NONMEAT COMPONENT OF SELECTED INDIAN MARINE FISHES

Lipids from different body components (head, meat and waste) of three commercial varieties of Indian marine fishes-Pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus), Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) and Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) were analyzed for lipid class distribution and fatty acid profile.Total lipid (TL) content was in the range of 4.3–13.6% (wet weight basis [wwb] ) in head, 2.53–10.97% (wwb) in meat and 2.7–15.1% (wwb) in waste. The highest TL was in sardine waste (14.1%). Among all the body components of different fishes, neutral lipipids (NL) were higher in head (83.2–89.2%). Fatty acid composition revealed higher concentration of palmitic acid among the saturated fatty acids in TL of all the fishes, irrespective of the body components. In case of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were found in higher concentrations. The potential of nonmeat components of marine fishes as sources for recovery of UFAs is highlighted by this study. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The health benefits of fish oil especially EPA and DHA are well documented. Fish oil has several applications including pharmaceutical, feed and nutraceutical applications. With dwindling fish catches and increasing demand for food fishes, alternatives for fish oil are a need of the hour. Lipids recovered fromprocessing by products of commercial fishes are better alternatives to fish oil and can effectively contribute towards sufficing the demand for fish oils in the aqua- or livestock feed industries. The present work mainly highlights the importance of processing byproducts/ wastes as alternative sources of fish oil.
Synthesis of glycoconjugated poly(amindoamine) dendrimers for targeting human liver cancer cells

Amine-terminated generation 5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers were utilized as a platform to conjugate fluorescein isothiocyanate and lactobionic acid. The conjugated lactobionic acid moieties enabled effective targeting to human liver cancer cells (HepG2) in vitro, which was demonstrated by both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.
Multi-behaviors coordination controller design with enzymatic numerical P systems for robots

Membrane computing models are parallel and distributed natural computing models. These models are often referred to as P systems. This paper proposes a novel multi-behaviors co-ordination controller model using enzymatic numerical P systems for autonomous mobile robots navigation in unknown environments. An environment classifier is constructed to identify different environment patterns in the maze-like environment and the multi-behavior co-ordination controller is constructed to coordinate the behaviors of the robots in different environments. Eleven sensory prototypes of local environments are presented to design the environment classifier, which needs to memorize only rough information, for solving the problems of poor obstacle clearance and sensor noise. A switching control strategy and multi-behaviors coordinator are developed without detailed environmental knowledge and heavy computation burden, for avoiding the local minimum traps or oscillation problems and adapt to the unknown environments. Also, a serial behaviors control law is constructed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory aiming at the specialized environment, for realizing stable navigation and avoiding actuator saturation. Moreover, both environment classifier and multi-behavior coordination controller are amenable to the addition of new environment models or new behaviors due to the modularity of the hierarchical architecture of P systems. The simulation of wheeled mobile robots shows the effectiveness of this approach.
Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Three Barrel Steels

In this paper, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity measurements were performed for three types of barrel steel, 38HMJ (1.8509), 30HN2MFA, and duplex (1.4462). Thermal diffusivity tests as a function of temperature were performed in the range of room temperature (RT) to 500 °C, and specific heat in the range of RT to 1000 °C. All tests were carried out using NETZSCH specialized measuring stands: LFA 467 light flash apparatus and DSC 404 F1 Pegasus differential scanning calorimeter. In the measurements of thermal diffusivity, the reference material Inconel 600 was used. This made it possible to determine thermal conductivity and specific heat as a function of the temperature of barrel steel. The results of specific heat tests of the 38HMJ and the 30HN2MFA steels show a ferrite–austenite phase transition in the 750–810 °C temperature range. This transition was not observed in the duplex steel.
Detection of rough Escherichia coli K1 strains using K1 specific phages

Escherichia coli strains possessing the K1 antigen are more frequently associated with certain disease than other E. coli. About 80% ofE. coli isolates from cerebrospinal fluid of neonates with meningitis had the K1 capsular polysaccharide [1,2]. The K1 antigen was also the most common one found in E. coli strains causing urinary tract infections in children [3] and neonatal bacteremia [4,5 ]. A considerable number of these strains were found to be rough [1-5] . K determination has in later years preferably been carried out by immunodiffusion techniques, such as counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) as applied by Semjen et al. instead of bacterial agglutination (BA) of live cultures on slides [6,7]. Furthermore an antiserum-agar technique (AT) was found to be useful for K1 identification [8]. More recently a coagglutination test for typing ofE. coli strains containing K1 antigen was employed [9]. Most of the studies made use of antisera against Neisseria meningitidis group B which is strongly cross reactive with E. coli K1 antigen [10]. Antisera against E. coli K1 antigen are difficult to prepare [11 ]. Recently we were able to demonstrate that E. coli rough strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections were often associated with virulence factors like capsules and fimbriae [12]. In this study the presence of K1 antigen in capsulated rough strains was tested using Kl-specific phages recently described by Gross et al. [13] in comparison with agglutination and immunodiffusion techniques. 2. Materials and Methods
Herbaspirillum seropedicae and sugarcane endophytic interaction investigated by using high pressure freezing electron microscopy

The interaction between sugar cane plantlets and H. seropedicae was investigated using High Pressure Freezing followed by Freeze Substitution. Microscopical observation showed consistent differences between this approaches when compared with the conventional preparation, specially related to appearance of the bacteria cell and the endophytic attachment to the host cell wall.
Pheromone titer and mating frequency of E-and Z-strains of the european corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis : Fluctuation during scotophase and age dependence

Periodicity of pheromone titer in female moths, modulated by various factors (age, photoperiod, temperature), has been reported for a number species, however, comparative studies on pheromone strains of those species where pheromone polymorphism is known to occur has so far scarcely been studied.In this study, the rhythm and age dependence of calling behavior as well as of the titer of the respective main sex pheromone components, and timing and frequency of mating within E-and Z-strains of European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Pyraustidae) were compared during scotophase, under laboratory conditions (18/6 hours photoregime, 26 °C). Very similar trends were fund in both strains in the diel fluctuation of both calling behavior and pheromone titer within the scotophase, as well as its age dependence, and also in timing and mating frequency. The titer of the respective main pheromone component gradually increased during the scotophase. Highest titers were found in freshly emerged fe.