Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delivery of miR-26a Using an Exosomes-Based Nanosystem Inhibited Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: MicroRNA (abbreviated miRNA)-based treatment holds great promise for application as clinical antitumor therapy, but good carriers for delivery of the miRNA drug are lacking. Exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proved to be safe, and exogenously modified exosomes may potentially represent an excellent drug delivery vehicle. Methods: In this study, we designed a delivery nano system using single-stranded variable fragment (scFv)-modified exosomes derived from human cord blood MSCs. Genetic engineering technology was used to obtain anti-Glypican 3 (GPC3) scFv-modified exosomes, which were then loaded with miR-26a mimics through electroporation. Results: Results of electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering indicated that the diameter of the drug-carrying exosomes was about 160 nm. Furthermore, anti-GPC3 scFv-modified exosomes effectively delivered miR-26a to GPC3-positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and migration by regulating the expression of downstream target genes of miR-26a. The exosomes-based nano system displayed favorable anti-tumor effect in vivo with no obvious side effects. Conclusion: Our data provided a new perspective for the use of exosome delivery systems for miRNA-based antitumor therapy.
Physicochemical Insights into Microscopic Events Driven by GTP Hydrolysis Reaction in Ras-GAP system

ATPase and GTPase have been widely found as chemical energy-mechanical work transducers, whereas the physicochemical mechanisms are not satisfactorily understood. We addressed the problem by examining John Ross’ conjecture that repulsive Coulomb interaction between ADP/GDP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) does the mechanical work upon the system. We effectively simulated the consequence of GTP hydrolysis reaction in a complex system of Rat sarcoma (Ras) and GTPase activation protein (GAP) in the framework of classical molecular dynamics by switching force field parameters between the reactant and product systems. We then observed ca. 5 kcal/mol raise of potential energy about the P-loop in Ras protein, a phosphate-binding motif commonly found in ATPase and GTPase. Interestingly, this local energy increase depends on neither impulsive nor consecutive collisions of GDP and Pi with P-loop. Instead, GTP-GDP conversion itself does work on the Ras system, elevating the potential energy. We obtained these observations and challenged the earlier conjecture on the generation mechanism of mechanical work via triphosphate nucleotide hydrolysis. We assert that triphosphate nucleotide hydrolyses do mechanical work by producing emergent steric interaction and accompanied relaxation, namely, a shift of biomolecular system to non-equilibrium state on the reshaped potential energy landscape. TOC graphics only
S0025315421000424jra 511..525

Currently, there is little comparative data on ‘efficiency’ of different engineering species, i.e. species richness, density and biomass of the associated organisms that have been supported by engineering species. The use of fouling communities makes it possible to compare the efficiency of different engineering species under the same conditions, which is necessary to obtain correct estimates and difficult to do when studying natural bottom communities. In this study, we have analysed the fouling communities in four different mussel culture farms in the White Sea to test the following hypotheses. (1) Different engineering species (musselMytilus edulis, solitary ascidian Styela rustica, sponge Halichondria panicea) have different assemblages of the associated vagile fauna. (2) Mytilus edulis is the most efficient engineering species, i.e. species richness, species diversity, density and biomass of the associated vagile fauna is higher in the mussel communities than in those dominated by Styela rustica or Halichondria panicea. The first hypothesis was confirmed, while the second was rejected. In all the culture farms studied, all parameters of the mussel-associated vagile fauna were not higher and in most cases were even lower than those of the fauna associated with ascidians or sponges. The reason for this seems to be the very dense packing of mussels in patches. Therefore,Mytilus edulis is not the most efficient engineering species among fouling organisms, at least in the conditions of the subarctic White Sea. The data obtained are particularly important in view of the ever-increasing volume of anthropogenic substrate and fouling communities in coastal marine ecosystems.
Lonely road: speculative challenges for a social media robot aimed to reduce driver loneliness

Driver monitoring is expected to contribute greatly to safety in nascent smart cities, also in complex, mixed-trafﬁc scenarios with autonomous vehicles (AVs), vulnerable road users (VRUs), and manually driven vehicles. Until now, one focus has been on detecting bio signals during the relatively short time when a person is inside a vehicle; but, life outside of the vehicle can also affect driving. For example, loneliness, depression, and sleep-deprivation, which might be difﬁcult to detect in time, can increase the risk of accidents–raising possibilities for new and alternative intervention strategies. Thus, the current conceptual paper explores one idea for how continuous care could be provided to improve drivers’ mental states; in particular, the idea of a “robot” that could positively affect a driver’s health through interactions supported by social media mining on Facebook. A speculative design approach is used to present some potential challenges and solutions in regard to a robot’s interaction strategy, user modeling, and ethics. For example, to address how to generate appropriate robot activities and mitigate the risk of damage to the driver, a hybrid neuro-symbolic recognition strategy leveraging stereotypical and self-disclosed information is described. Thereby, the aim of this conceptual paper is to navigate through some “memories” of one possible future, toward stimulating ideation and discussion within the increasingly vital area of safety in smart cities.
Jointly Optimize Capacity, Latency and Engagement in Large-scale Recommendation Systems

As the recommendation systems behind commercial services scale up and apply more and more sophisticated machine learning models, it becomes important to optimize computational cost (capacity) and runtime latency, besides the traditional objective of user engagement. Caching recommended results and reusing them later is a common technique used to reduce capacity and latency. However, the standard caching approach negatively impacts user engagement. To overcome the challenge, this paper presents an approach to optimizing capacity, latency and engagement simultaneously. We propose a smart caching system including a lightweight adjuster model to refresh the cached ranking scores, achieving significant capacity savings without impacting ranking quality. To further optimize latency, we introduce a prefetching strategy which leverages the smart cache. Our production deployment on Facebook Marketplace demonstrates that the approach reduces capacity demand by 50% and p75 end-to-end latency by 35%. While Facebook Marketplace is used as a case study, the approach is applicable to other industrial recommendation systems as well.
THE COMBINED EFFECT OF MAITLAND SPINAL MOBILIZATION WITH MECHANICAL LUMBAR TRACTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN

Background: Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is pain not attributed to a recognizable pathology, not attributable to a known cause, represents 90–95% of the cases of LBP. Objectives: to investigate the combined effect of Maitland spinal mobilization and lumbar traction on pain intensity, range of motion (ROM), and functional disability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Subjects and Methods: Forty-four subjects with chronic nonspecific low back pain participated in this study, their ages ranged from 20 to 30 years. Participants were randomly subdivided into four equal groups (each consist of 11 patient and received 3sessions per week for 4 weeks): Group (A): received central posterior-anterior mobilization in addition to conventional physical therapy and advices. Group (B): received intermittent mechanical lumbar traction in addition to conventional physical therapy and advices. Group (C): received intermittent mechanical lumbar traction with central posterior-anterior mobilization in addition to conventional physical therapy and advices. Group (D) (Control group): received conventional physical therapy (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, Infrared, and Isometric exercise) and advices. outcome measures: Pain intensity assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), lumbar ROM assessed by Bubble Inclinometer, and functional disability assessed by the Arabic version of modified Oswestry disability questionnaire (MODQ). All outcomes were taken pre and post treatment. Results: Multiple comparison analysis showed a potential difference between groups in terms of the selected parameters, while the major changes favored group C, where (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combined effect of Maitland spinal mobilization and intermittent mechanical lumbar traction on pain intensity, lumbar ROM, Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 35(12) 2020 136-150
The Polarized Web of the Voter Fraud Claims in the 2020 US Presidential Election

We show that the polarization of the Twitter discussions around the fraud claims in the US presidential election is evident without considering tweet content other than URLs. In addition, we show that YouTube is connecting the two communities identiﬁed solely by structural community detection, thus being in the rare position of bringing together both right and left-leaning users. This enviable position could be used by YouTube video recommendation algorithms to alleviate some of the polarization in the society.
Toxicity-Associated News Classification: The Impact of Metadata and Content Features

In this work, we study toxicity-associated news, which we de-ﬁne as news with a high percentage of toxic comments. Little research exists in this topic. We address two open questions: (i) Is the comments’ toxicity related to the textual content of the news pieces? , and (ii) Are there other contextual factors of the news (i.e. metadata) interfering with the presence of toxicity in its comments? To answer, we annotate 1,995,560 Twitter messages for toxicity, which are replies to 29,726 news pieces from 25 newspapers from the UK and USA. We exper-iment with content and metadata features and use both classical machine learning and BERT classiﬁers. We found that metadata features have the best performance when used to train a GDBT classiﬁer (F1 = 0.723). This was the case even when comparing with BERT. Additionally, we contribute to future studies of toxicity-associated news by providing an annotated dataset to the community. With this resource, it is possible to further investigate the effect of other content and metadata-based features to identify toxicity-associated news.
Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying risk of colorectal cancer from smoking and red/processed meat carcinogens by modeling exposure in normal colon organoids

Tobacco smoke and red/processed meats are well-known risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Most research has focused on studies of normal colon biopsies in epidemiologic studies or treatment of CRC cell lines in vitro. These studies are often constrained by challenges with accuracy of self-report data or, in the case of CRC cell lines, small sample sizes and lack of relationship to normal tissue at risk. In an attempt to address some of these limitations, we performed a 24-hour treatment of a representative carcinogens cocktail in 37 independent organoid lines derived from normal colon biopsies. Machine learning algorithms were applied to bulk RNA-sequencing and revealed cellular composition changes in colon organoids. We identified 738 differentially expressed genes in response to carcinogens exposure. Network analysis identified significantly different modules of co-expression, that included genes related to MSI-H tumor biology, and genes previously implicated in CRC through genome-wide association studies. Our study helps to better define the molecular effects of representative carcinogens from smoking and red/processed meat in normal colon epithelial cells and in the etiology of the MSI-H subtype of CRC, and suggests an overlap between molecular mechanisms involved in inherited and environmental CRC risk.
Efficient Anomaly Monitoring System In Micro blog Platform

— The paper describes Anomaly detection on Microblog platform using the big data area. We cover the primary elements behind detecting Anomaly,Correlated and Evolution by processing structured Framework. In this paper, the Big Data Processing is referenced for analysing the huge volume of data and some social media data in Real time. Our aim is to provide a efficient way of detecting the anomaly and concentrate on non functional feature such as performance and reliability
My light novel’s title can’t be this short! The evolution of light novel titles in another world!!!

Light novels are a subculture of Japanese literature primarily targeting the young adult demographic, with the average length of 50,000 words, a dense publishing schedule, and usually illustrated with an anime/ manga art style (Wikipedia, 2020). Due to their demographic, light novels are generally written in a simpler, more approachable fashion, and there is often an overlap between them and novels classified as young adult, middle grade, and children’s literature. This is most evident when you find translated foreign novels, redesigned into a light novel style (English Light Novels, 2020).
Strength and Wear Characteristics of Aluminum/Zircon/Graphite Composites

The need to have materials with stable structural integrity has prompted the study of the strength and wear characteristics of hybrid composites of aluminium/zircon/ graphite owing to the failure of monolithic alloys. In this study, varying amount (3, 7, and 12 wt. %) of zircon, graphite and the combination of the two (hybrid) particles were used as reinforcement in aluminium 6011 alloy. The cast samples were characterised for compressive strength, hardness, wear and morphological responses. For each reinforcement addition, composites’ compressive strength ranges from 57.3 – 205.8 MPa while the hardness ranges between 44 – 140 HV in this study. Aluminium reinforced with the hybrid of zircon and graphite particles demonstrated superior properties over others. The morphology showed fine crystals of AlFeSi with increase in the concentration precipitated Mg2Si phase in the aluminium matrix. Fluctuations in the wear characteristics of composites were observed except for Al/hybrid composite where wear volume rose steadily on application of 4.5, 8.9N and 13.35N for each filler content. All composites degrade at temperatures between 203-435oC, which implies that will maintain their properties in service within the temperature range. The composites will serve as potential materials for light automobile brake pads.
Synthesis of 2-{[5-(aralkyl/aryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]sulfanyl}-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamides: Novel bi-heterocycles as potential therapeutic agents

Purpose : To evaluate the therapeutic potential of new bi-heterocycles containing a 1,3-thiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole in the skeleton against Alzheimer's disease and diabetes, supported by in-silico study. Methods : The synthesis was initiated by the reaction of 4-methyl- 1,3-thiazol-2-amine (1) with bromoacetyl bromide (2) in aqueous basic medium to obtain an electrophile,2-bromo-N-(4-methyl-1,3- thiazol- 2-yl)acetamide (3). In parallel reactions, a series of carboxylic acids, 4a-r, were converted through a sequence of three steps, into respective 1,3,4-oxadiazole heterocyclic cores, 7a-r, to utilize as nucleophiles. Finally, the designed molecules, 8a-r, were synthesized by coupling 7a-r individually with 3 in an aprotic polar solvent. The structures of these bi-heterocycles were elucidated by infrared (IR), electron ionization-mass spectrometry (EI-MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-NMR). To evaluate their enzyme inhibitory potential, 8a-r were screened against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), but brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Results: The most active compound against AChE was 8l with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 17.25 ± 0.07 μM. Against BChE, the highest inhibitory effect was shown by 8k (56.23 ± 0.09 μM). Compound 8f (161.26 ± 0.23μM) was recognized as a fairly good inhibitor of urease. In view of its inhibition of α-glucosidase, 8o (57.35 ± 0.17μM) was considered a potential therapeutic agent. Conclusion: The results indicate that some of the synthesized products with low toxicity exhibit notable enzyme inhibitory activity against selected enzymes compared with the reference drug, and therefore, are of potential therapeutic interest Keywords: 4-Methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amine,1,3,4-Oxadiazole, Cholinesterases, α-Glucosidase, Urease, Brine shrimp
Comparison of Staining Methods for the Detection of Xylanase and Pectinase Activities in Phytophthora meadii

Fungal plant pathogens are among the most important factors that cause serious losses to agricultural products every year. Plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) play significant roles in phytopathogenic fungi during their growth and infection process and pathogenesis. Fruit rot of arecanut caused by Phytophthora meadii is a major limiting factor for arecanut production. Although vast amount of information is available on the secretion of extracellular plant cell wall degrading enzymes by phytopathogenic fungi, no information on the production of PCWDE’s is available in Phytophthora meadii. In the present work, we explored the in vitro production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (xylanases and pectinases) using Congo red and Gram’s iodine as chromogenic dyes by cup plate assay. Phytophthora meadii secretes maximum amount xylanase and pectinase on 8 th and 5 th days respectively at pH 4.5. Several methods are in use for the selective screening of PCWDE’s. But we found that both Congo red and Gram’s iodine are equally effective in the detection of xylanase whereas Congo red gives best results for pectinase activity. This is first report on the use of Congo red and Gram’s iodine for the detection of PCWDE’s in Phytophthora meadii.
Crowding in Private Quality: The Equilibrium Effects of Public Spending in Education

We estimate the equilibrium effects of a public school grant program administered through school councils in Pakistani villages with multiple public and private schools and clearly defined catchment boundaries. The program was randomized at the village-level, allowing us to estimate its causal impact on the market. Four years after the start of the program, test scores were 0.2 sd higher in public schools. We find evidence of an education multiplier: test scores in private schools were also 0.2 sd higher in treated markets. Consistent with standard models of product differentiation, the education multiplier is greater for those private schools that faced a greater threat to their market power. Accounting for private sector responses increases the program’s cost effectiveness by 85 percent and affects how a policymaker would target spending. Given that markets with several public and private schools are now pervasive in low- and middle-income countries, prudent policy requires us to account for private sector responses to public policy, both in their design and in their evaluation.
CPD_CONTENT 2020

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains to be a major cause of morbidity, mortality and severe neurodevelopmental disability in term neonates. Moderate whole body hypothermia is an established, effective neuroprotective therapy to reduce mortality and long-term disability associated with HIE, however, research for adjunct therapies is still warranted to complement the effect of hypothermia. In the last decade, molecular hydrogen emerged as a simple, available, inexpensive substance with advantageous pharmacokinetics to ameliorate hypoxic-ischemic cellular damage. The present review examines the preclinical studies employing hydrogen to combat the deleterious consequences of hypoxic-ischemic insults in rodent and piglet HIE models. Hydrogen exerted unequivocal neuroprotective actions shown by preserved neurovascular function, neuronal viability, and neurocognitive functions in virtually all model species and hypoxic-ischemic insult types tested. Administration of hydrogen started in most studies after the hypoxic-ischemic insult enhancing the translational value of the findings. Among the explored mechanisms of hydrogen-induced neuroprotection, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects appeared to be dominant. Unfortunately, the additive neuroprotective effect of hydrogen and therapeutic hypothermia has not yet been demonstrated, thus such studies are warranted to promote the clinical testing of molecular hydrogen as an adjunct neuroprotective treatment of HIE. A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y Received: April 21, 2020 Accepted: August 09, 2020 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113095720
OPTH_A_288391 4501..4506

Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt Purpose: To evaluate variability in measured intraocular pressure (IOP) values when correlated with central corneal thickness measurements obtained by both ultrasonic and optical tools. Patients and Methods: We included 46 eyes of 46 healthy subjects (age range 35–76 years). Exclusion criteria for the current study were patients with confirmed diagnosis of glaucoma, glaucoma suspect patients and those having corneal opacities, scars or prior cornea-based laser vision correction. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using two methods: ultrasonically (CCT1) by pachymeter and optically (CCT2) using anteriorsegment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The IOP was measured in all subjects using Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Results: No significant difference was detected comparing intraocular pressure values and CCT-corrected intraocular pressure (IOPcc1 and IOPcc2) (P=0.47 and P=0.06, respectively) among the study participants. A significant negative correlation was found between corneal thickness-corrected IOP values and the measured central corneal thickness by both optical and ultrasonic tools (P=0.004 and P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Intraocular pressure appears to be dependent and positively correlated with CCT changes. However, this does not appear to depend largely on methods used for measuring the CCT in the current study. Corrected intraocular pressure is negatively correlated to both ultrasonically and optically measured central corneal thickness.
LITERATURE REVIEW ON PATTERN BASED TOPIC MODELING IN INFORMATION FILTERING

: Topic modeling is a major technique used in machine learning and natural language processing to discover topics that occur in the collection of documents. Topic models uncover the hidden semantic concepts in the corpora. There are several statistical methods for topic modeling like Latent Semantic Analysis(LSA), Probabilistic LSA(PLSA), Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA). Using these methods, we can generate multiple topics from the text corpora. Topic models can also be used for information filtering. But these methods cannot be directly applied in information filtering since topic models only includes group of words which has limited semantic meaning. So pattern based representation is used for information filtering. Pattern based topic modeling is an effective approach for information filtering.