Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timely Schwann cell division during migration drives peripheral myelination in vivo via Laminin/cAMP pathway

Schwann cells (SC) migrate along peripheral axons and divide intensively to generate the right number of cells prior to axonal ensheathment; however, little is known regarding the temporal and molecular control of their division, particularly during migration, and its impact on myelination. We report that Sil, a spindle pole protein associated with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), is required for temporal mitotic exit of SC. In sil-deficient cassiopeia (csp-/-) mutants, SC fail to radially sort and myelinate peripheral axons. Elevation of cAMP, but not Rac1 activity in csp-/- restores myelin ensheathment. Most importantly, we show a significant decrease in Laminin expression within csp-/- posterior lateral line nerve and that forcing Laminin2 expression in csp-/- fully restores SC ability to myelinate. We also discovered that SC have a restricted time window during which they have to divide, while migrating, in order to trigger myelination. Thus, we unravel a novel and essential role for timely SC division during migration in mediating Laminin expression to orchestrate radial sorting and peripheral myelination in vivo.
pvSPS4 is Crucial for the Root Sugar Balance and Proper Tolerance Response in Salt-Tolerant Common Bean Genotype Under Salt Stress

Salinity is a stress factor that decreases global agricultural yield. Crops such as rice, tomato, potato, and legumes are susceptible to salt, thus this problem requires urgent attention. Stress-related carbohydrate metabolism is a dynamic network of genetic and metabolic pathways. Disruption in the regulation of soluble sugar content can have negative effects on source-sink partitioning. As source-sink partitioning is connected to the supply, and distribution of energy in the plant, it is critical for stress tolerance. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) enzymes operate in a key regulatory step in sucrose synthesis. Therefore, they have a significant role in sugar metabolism including the regulation of source-sink sucrose transportation. This study focused on the function of the SPS homolog -pvSPS4- in the roots of legume crop common bean under salinity stress. We previously showed that pvSPS4 expression is root-specific and is upregulated under salt stress in a salt tolerant common bean genotype. This upregulation was accompanied by an accumulation of sugars in the roots. In the current study, using the same genotype, we generated composite common bean plants with wild-type shoot and pvSPS4 knock-down roots. Composite plants exhibited increased sensitivity to salt stress compared to control and mock plants. pvSPS4 knock-down disturbed the root glucose/sucrose ratio and ionic balance which resulted in a reduction in photosynthetic pigments together with osmoregulation and antioxidant capability. Our results imply that pvSPS4 is an important gene for carbohydrate balance regulation as a salt-stress response in the common bean root tissues.
Transformative capacity for climate mitigation in strategic transport planning – principles and practices in cross-sectoral collaboration

ABSTRACT This article presents findings from a qualitative in-depth analysis of a four-year Swedish national policy initiative where six public agencies were commissioned to produce a strategic plan for a transition towards a fossil-free transport sector. The aim of the article is to provide empirically grounded insights on principles and practices of importance for building transformative capacity in strategic, long-term transport planning. In the analysis, the concepts stewarding, unlocking, transforming and orchestrating are applied to explore and discuss transformative features of the policy initiative. Altogether, several elements of transformative capacity were developed through the process. Of specific importance was the establishment of an open and explorative approach to carrying out the commission, and ways in which the organizations involved started to challenge dominant perspectives and analytical practices in conventional transport planning. Shared principles and practices for analysis and assessment were developed, which allowed for a broadened consideration of climate mitigation measures. However, due to a lack of coordination with formalized planning settings and a lack of political decisions to sustain the commission, there are yet no signs of the work influencing conventional transport planning. Even so, gained experience and insights from this case can inform future change-oriented initiatives.
The Trend of Authentic Leadership Skills in Nursing Education: The Key Role of Perfectionism and Self-Efficacy

(1) Background: Shaping leadership skills is a complex process, which may be modified by psychological factors such as self-efficacy and perfectionism. The aim of the study was to determine whether perfectionism can be a mediator between self-efficacy, and authentic leadership skills in nursing students; (2) Methods: The cross-sectional study included 615 Polish nursing students (women = 96.3%) was carried out at Medical University of Warsaw in 2019. The following research tools were used: Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES); (3) Results: The level of perfectionism is a significant mediator of relations between self-efficacy as measured by the GSES and the level of authentic leadership (Sobel test: t = 6.958; p < 0.000). The relation, without a mediating factor, is positive, and the standardized beta coefficient for the feeling of self-efficacy totals beta = 0.470 (p < 0.000), while in the presence of a mediator the strength of the correlation is smaller and amounts to beta = 0.366 (p < 0.000); (4) Conclusions: Personality factors such as self-efficacy and perfectionism play an important role in shaping AL skills of nursing students. Therefore, academic teachers should pay special attention to strengthening students’ self-efficacy and adaptive perfectionism. In this context, adequate feedback and reflection may be important.
Divergent Regulation of Decidual Oxidative-Stress Response by NRF2 and KEAP1 in Preeclampsia with and without Fetal Growth Restriction

Utero-placental development in pregnancy depends on direct maternal–fetal interaction in the uterine wall decidua. Abnormal uterine vascular remodeling preceding placental oxidative stress and placental dysfunction are associated with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Oxidative stress is counteracted by antioxidants and oxidative repair mechanisms regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). We aimed to determine the decidual regulation of the oxidative-stress response by NRF2 and its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in normal pregnancies and preeclamptic pregnancies with and without FGR. Decidual tissue from 145 pregnancies at delivery was assessed for oxidative stress, non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, cellular NRF2- and KEAP1-protein expression, and NRF2-regulated transcriptional activation. Preeclampsia combined with FGR was associated with an increased oxidative-stress level and NRF2-regulated gene expression in the decidua, while decidual NRF2- and KEAP1-protein expression was unaffected. Although preeclampsia with normal fetal growth also showed increased decidual oxidative stress, NRF2-regulated gene expression was reduced, and KEAP1-protein expression was increased in areas of high trophoblast density. The trophoblast-dependent KEAP1-protein expression in preeclampsia with normal fetal growth indicates control of decidual oxidative stress by maternal–fetal interaction and underscores the importance of discriminating between preeclampsia with and without FGR.
Optimal Design of Direct Soft-Landing Trajectory of Lunar Prospector

The optimal design and calculation of the direct soft-landing trajectory for Lunar prospector studied in this paper,according to the theory and method of spacecraft orbital dynamics and the optimal control theory,are the basic work and important problem for the Lunar detection engineering.First,the authors proposed the designing process of direct soft-landing trajectory of Lunar prospector and determined designing scheme;Then,some formulas of optimal thrust of soft-landing were derived,the characteristics of the trajectory were presented by simulation and the minimum-fuel soft-landing with limit thrust was studied;The optimization of the dynamic equations including the control parameters shows that when the brake begins,the lower the altitude is,the less the energy consumption is.Changeable thrust direction can save energy than non-changeable thrust direction and the changeable thrust magnitude is equal to multi-step brake.The method in this paper is of very important theoretical significance and reference value for the orbit designation of moon exploration engineering.
OzTracs: Optical Osmolality Reporters Engineered from Mechanosensitive Ion Channels

Interactions between physical forces and membrane proteins underpin many forms of environmental sensation and acclimation. Microbes survive sudden osmotic stresses with the help of mechanically gated ion channels and osmolyte transporters. Plant mechanosensitive ion channels have been shown to function in defense signaling. Here, we engineered genetically encoded osmolality sensors (OzTracs) by fusing green fluorescent protein spectral variants to the mechanosensitive ion channels MscL from E. coli or MSL10 from A. thaliana. When expressed in yeast cells, OzTrac sensors reported osmolality changes as a proportional change in emission ratio of the two fluorescent protein domains. Live-cell imaging revealed accumulation of fluorescent sensors in internal aggregates presumably derived from the endomembrane system. Thus, OzTrac sensors serve as osmolality-dependent reporters through an indirect mechanism, such as effects on molecular crowding or fluorophore solvation.
An Approach to Air Leakage Points Identification in Branches of Ventilation System Based on Fish-swarm Algorithm

An air leakage points identification model in branches of ventilation system was established based on airflow balance in all nodes and pressure balance along all circuits of ventilation system.Because the model is very difficult to solve by the traditional methods,a synthetic solution is put forward by an improved fish-swarm algorithm.In the solution,the 0-1 integer and real number mixed encoding technique was employed to describe an artificial fish;behaviors of a fish were dispatched by its body energy status;the following behavior was described by the greedy method where moving step is direct ratio to a fish’s hungry degree;the lowest survival body energy controlling technique was used to realize escaping policy from locally optimum positions;the maximum iterating times and the changing degree of the optimum solutions during iterating were used to control the terminating time.A simulation case shows that the method can efficiently locate all air leakage points hiding in a ventilation system.
Targeting NAAA counters dopamine neuron loss and symptom progression in mouse models of Parkinson’s disease

The lysosomal cysteine hydrolase N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) deactivates the lipidderived mediator palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous PPAR-α agonist that is critically involved in the control of inflammation and nociception. In this study, we asked whether NAAA-regulated PEA signaling might contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. Analyses of postmortem brain cortex and premortem blood-derived exosomes found elevated levels of NAAA expression in persons with PD compared to age-matched controls. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that the dopaminergic neurotoxins, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), enhanced NAAA expression and lowered PEA content in human SH-SY5Y cells. A similar effect was observed in dopamine neurons and, subsequently, in microglia following 6-OHDA injection in mice. Importantly, deletion of the Naaa gene or pharmacological inhibition of NAAA activity markedly attenuated both dopamine neuron death and parkinsonian symptoms in mice treated with 6-OHDA or MPTP. The results identify NAAA-regulated PEA signaling as a control node for dopaminergic neuron survival and a potential target for therapeutic intervention in PD.
Application of treating middle and low grade bauxite by Ore-dressing Bayer process in alumina production

Describing alumina-production process by ore-dressing Bayer process and concluding gain and loss from practical production on the base of analysis of technical data, this paper is available as reference to allow the above-mentioned new technology used widely, optimize process data and increase economic efficiency. The description focuses on bauxite dressing, digestion of concentrated bauxite, and red mud settling as well as impact of floatation agent on the production and improvement in agent. This paper believes that this high and reliable technology with its simple production process can treat diaspore bauxite economically. The technology makes a contribution to an originality in economically, effectively utilizing low grade bauxite—diaspore, therefore it deserves application and dissemination.
Numerical Study of Contact Behavior and Temperature Characterization in Ultrasonic Welding of CF/PA66

Ultrasonic plastic welding (UPW) is a promising method for joining carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP). The interface temperature determines weld quality to a large extent. This paper numerically analyzes the contact behavior and temperature characterization during welding using harmonic balance method (HBM). The simulation and experimental results show that amplitude and welding time are important factors determining the interface temperature. Increasing amplitude and welding time can significantly increase the interface temperature. Plunging speed and trigger force have little effect on the interface temperature. For nonlinear contact and heat generation, the results show that there is a certain separation between workpieces and the heat source is mainly friction heat generation in the early stage of welding. With the progress of welding, there is no separation between the workpieces and viscoelastic heat generation begins to dominate.
Rhamnan Sulfate Reduces Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation and Vascular Inflammation

Objective While lipid-lowering drugs have become a mainstay of clinical therapy these treatments only slow the progression of the disease and can have side effects. Thus, new treatment options are needed to supplement the effects of lipid lowering therapy for treating atherosclerosis. We examined the use of an inexpensive and widely available marine polysaccharide rhamnan sulfate as an oral therapeutic for limiting vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Methods and Results We found rhamnan sulfate enhanced the barrier function of endothelial cells, preventing the deposition of LDL and maintaining barrier function even in the presence of glycocalyx-degrading enzymes. Rhamnan sulfate was also found to bind directly to FGF-2, PDGF-BB and NF-κB subunits with high affinity. In addition, rhamnan sulfate was a potent inhibitor of NF-κB pathway activation in endothelial cells by TNF-α. We treated ApoE-/- mice with a high fat diet for 4 weeks and then an addition 9 weeks of high fat diet with or without rhamnan sulfate. Rhamnan sulfate reduced vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in both sexes of ApoE-/- mice but had a stronger therapeutic effect in female mice. Oral consumption of rhamnan sulfate induced a significant decrease in cholesterol plasma levels in female mice but not in male mice. Conclusions Rhamnan sulfate has beneficial effects in reducing inflammation, binding growth factors and NF-κB, enhancing endothelial barrier function and reducing atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice.
Effect of different double‐stranded RNA feeding solutions on the RNA interference of V‐ATPase‐B in Frankliniella occidentalis

Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has posed a serious threat to horticultural and agricultural crop production by feeding, ovipositing, and transmitting plant viruses. RNA interference (RNAi) technology is considered a potential strategy for insect pest control. A main method of RNAi research on WFT is the feeding method for delivering double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). The feeding solution plays an important role in the stable delivery of dsRNA. In this study, we screened for a feeding solution suitable for RNAi experiments and investigated the effects of five feeding solutions on the survival of WFT adults and nymphs. The effect of mixed V‐ATPase‐B dsRNA in various feeding solutions on the RNAi efficiency of WFT was analysed. The Luria–Bertani‐based and ‘tryptone soy broth and yeast’ (TSBY) solution had a higher adverse effect than the other feeding solutions on the survival of adults and nymphs of WFT, whereas sucrose, pollen, and honey solution could maintain higher survival rates in both nymph and adult thrips. Sucrose solution and TSBY solution mixed with dsRNA had no significant knockdown effects on V‐ATPase‐B transcription level. Honey and pollen solution mixed dsRNA, however, not only significantly decreased V‐ATPase‐B transcription level, but also reduced the survival rate and fertility of female adults to a certain extent. The stability of dsRNA was improved in honey solution. The results of this study provide a feasible reference for the selection of feeding solutions for RNAi experiments for feeding of WTF with dsRNA.
The Optimization Design of Adsorption Structure Using in Large Oil Tank Climbing Robot

With the background of large oil tank video inspection robot,it carries on an optimization design of adsorption structure used in climbing robot. By integrating existing way of adsorption structure,and combining with the practical application environment,it chooses caterpillar permanent magnetic adsorption method. Through the analysis of the possible failure forms of climbing robot,it calculates the minimum adsorption force. On the basis of the simulation experiment,compares and analyzes four kinds of minimum adsorption structure forms,finally determines the structure of the adsorption unit,calculates and checks the adsorption reliability of this kind of new structure. Minimum adsorption unit includes the permanent magnets,the conjugate iron,magnetic separation,and magnetic adsorption force is mainly influenced by the size,and structure layout. Uses SolidWorks to establish three-dimensional model of minimum adsorption unit,and imports the assembly model into ANSYS Workbench. Magnetic analysis is carried out on the minimum adsorption unit to own its adsorption force and magnetic flux density cloud. Compares the analysis results,and determines the size of the ideal adsorption model. Finally through trial manufacturing,testifies the real bearing condition of the adsorption structure.
Current Status of Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation of Wild Olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. sylvestris)

Oleaster (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) is the ancestor of cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) and it is spread through the whole Mediterranean Basin, showing an overlapping distribution with cultivated olive trees. Climate change and new emerging diseases are expected to severely affect the cultivations of olive in the future. Oleaster presents a higher genetic variability compared to the cultivated olive and some wild trees were found adapted to particularly harsh conditions; therefore, the role of oleaster in the future of olive cultivation may be crucial. Despite the great potential, only recently the need to deeply characterize and adequately preserve the wild olive resources drew the attention of researchers. In this review, we summarized the most important morphological and genetic studies performed on oleaster trees collected in different countries of the Mediterranean Basin. Moreover, we reviewed the strategies introduced so far to preserve and manage the oleaster germplasm collections, giving a future perspective on their role in facing the future agricultural challenges posed by climatic changes and new emerging diseases.
Traceable spectral interferometry for length measurement

Spectral interferometry is becoming a popular method of performing dimensional measurements, e.g. of surfaces, but such devices require pre-calibration of their spectrometers to achieve traceability. The use of a spectral lamp and imaging spectrometer to perform inherently traceable distance measurements using spectral interferometry, without the need for external calibration, is proposed and its experimental feasibility demonstrated. Initial experiments show measurements over a working range of 200 µm. The estimated standard uncertainty of the distance measurements is 0.6 nm, corresponding to an expanded uncertainty of 1.2 nm at k = 2.
Meta-analysis of Unit and Industry Level Scaling Dynamics in Energy Technologies and Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios

Historical patterns of growth across a range of energy technologies are used to explore 'scaling'. The term scaling is used to describe a particular form of growth that is (i) both rapid and substantive, and (ii) occurs at multiple levels from the technical unit to the industry as a whole (e.g., from a wind turbine to total installed wind capacity). Unit and industry scaling dynamics are assessed in historical time series data on refineries, power plants (nuclear, coal, gas, wind), jet aircraft, cars and light bulbs. In those cases for which S-shaped growth is clearly evidenced, logistic function parameters are used to compare scaling across different technologies. Three broad findings emerge from the meta-analysis. Firstly, the relationship between the extent and rate of scaling at the industry level, measured in terms of cumulative total capacity, is consistent across both supply-side and end use technologies. Secondly, the relationship between scaling at the unit level and scaling at the industry level is contingent on certain technology and market characteristics. A conceptual framework with six enabling factors is developed to explain different technologies' scaling dynamics. Thirdly, there is little evidence to support a 'leapfrogging' of scaling dynamics as technologies diffuse spatially from initial to subsequent and late markets. Applications of these findings are discussed. Firstly, the historical relationships between scaling parameters at the industry level are used to validate projections of low carbon technologies in future scenarios. Despite orders of magnitude projected increases in installed capacities of nuclear power, carbon capture and storage, and renewable energy by 2100, scenarios are found to be conservative in comparison with historical scaling relationships. Reasons why are discussed. Secondly, the conceptual framework of enabling factors for industry scaling is used to illustrate policy approaches for scaling low carbon technologies in the future.