Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is There a Significant Gas Exchange through the Skin of the Shrew Crocidura russula monacha?

Because of its small body mass, the shrew Crocidura russula monacha has a relatively high surface area to volume ratio, thin skin, and high thermal conductance compared with larger mammals. This study was aimed at examining the possibility that such a mammal may exhibit a significant skin gas exchange. Gas composition was measured in subcutaneous gaspockets. CO2 and O2 exchange through skin were measured both in vitro and in vivo. In 7‐wk‐old gas pockets, the steady‐state PO2 and PCO2 values were 50 Torr (where 1 Torr Å 133.322 Pa) and 35 Torr, respectively, compared with PO2and PCO2 values of 73 Torr and 33 Torr, respectively, in 1‐wk‐old gas pockets. These changes are attributed to an in‐creased capillary density and a decreased skin thickness after 7 wk. There was no significant gas exchange through skin during in vitro measurements. In vivo measurements indicated that O2 uptake was 0.5% and CO2 loss was 0.9% of total body metabolism at 207C. At 357C, skin O2 uptake and CO2 loss increased to 1.3% and 2.9%, respectively. These values are only part of the expected skin metabolism; thus, the rest must come from blood. Because gas exchange through the skin of this shrew is within the range of other mammals, the relatively low PCO2 and high PO2 in the gas pockets is better explained by the relative hyperventilation state exhibited by this shrew.
Can Phage Display Be Used as a Tool to Functionally Identify Endogenous Eat-Me Signals in Phagocytosis?

Removal of apoptotic cells and cellular debris by phagocytosis is essential for development, tissue homeostasis, and resolution of inflammation. Eat-me signals control the initiation of phagocytosis, holding a key to the understanding of phagocyte biology. Because of a lack of functional cloning strategy, eat-me signals are conventionally identified and characterized on a case-by-case basis. The feasibility of functional cloning of eat-me signals by phage display is investigated by characterizing the biological behavior of T7 phages displaying 2 well-known eat-me signals: growth arrest—specific gene 6 (Gas6) and milk fat globule—EGF8 (MFG-E8). Gas6-phage binds to all 3 known Gas6 receptors: Mer, Axl, and Tyro3 receptor tyrosine kinases. Gas6-phage and MFG-E8-phage are capable of binding to phagocytes and nonphagocytes. However, both phages stimulate phage uptake only in phagocytes, including macrophages, microglia, and retinal pigment epithelium cells, but not in nonphagocytes. Furthermore, functional phage selection by phagocytosis in phagocytes enriches both Gas6-phage and MFG-E8-phage, suggesting that phage display can be used as a tool to functionally identify unknown eat-me signals from phage display cDNA library. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:653-661)
Review on Text Classification by NLP Approaches with Machine Learning and Data Mining Approaches

Software Engineering and syntactic which is uncertain with the associations among PCs and regular dialects. In supposition, normal dialect changing over must be perfect skill of human-PC interface. Characteristic dialect thankful is some of the time portray to as an Artificial Intelligence-whole issues, since common dialect acknowledgment appears to draw in broad learning about the outside world and the bent to control it. NLP has huge have basic components with the field of computational phonetics, and is regularly viewed as a sub-field of computerized reasoning. In this paper review on the different techniques of text classification is discussed.
New respiratory viral infections.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The first era in the discoveries of respiratory viruses occured between 1933 and 1965 when influenza virus, enteroviruses, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus and coronavirus (CoV) were found by virus culture. In the 1990s, the development of high throughput viral detection and diagnostics instruments increased diagnostic sensitivity and enabled the search for new viruses. This article briefly reviews the clinical significance of newly discovered respiratory viruses. RECENT FINDINGS In 2001, the second era in the discoveries of respiratory viruses began, and several new respiratory viruses and their subgroups have been found: human metapneumovirus, CoVs NL63 and HKU1, human bocavirus and human rhinovirus C and D groups. SUMMARY Currently, a viral cause of pediatric respiratory illness is identifiable in up to 95% of cases, but the detection rates decrease steadily by age, to 30-40% in the elderly. The new viruses cause respiratory illnesses such as common cold, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. Rarely, acute respiratory failure may occur. The clinical role of other new viruses, KI and WU polyomaviruses and the torque teno virus, as respiratory pathogens is not clear.
Combining background memory management and regular array co-partitioning, illustrated on a full motion estimation kernel

In this paper an approach is presented to combine the design of background memory architectures and processor arrays for data dominated real-time applications. The formalized data transfer and storage exploration (DTSE) approach of IMEC involves a stepwise methodology for the design of a low-power small-size background memory organisations, meeting real-time constraints. The systematic space-time transformation and the subsequent copartitioning approach of the Dresden University of Technology allow the design of realistic processor arrays adapted to a given memory architecture. However, neither methodology can derive on its own the complete solution of a fully optimized memory organisation, combining background and foreground memory. Extensions to enable this important problem will be presented here. First, both complementary methodologies will be summarized. Next, the main emphasis in this paper will be on the approach to design the processor array within the context of an already optimized and hence given memory architecture. The feasibility of the proposed combination is demonstrated on a representative test-vehicle for an important class of applications, namely a full motion estimation kernel in MPEG.
Humiliated fury is not universal: the co-occurrence of anger and shame in the United States and Japan

ABSTRACT It has been widely believed that individuals transform high-intensity shame into anger because shame is unbearably painful. This phenomenon was first coined “humiliated fury,” and it has since received empirical support. The current research tests the novel hypothesis that shame-related anger is not universal, yet hinges on the cultural meanings of anger and shame. Two studies compared the occurrence of shame-related anger in North American cultural contexts (where shame is devalued and anger is valued) to its occurrence in Japanese contexts (where shame is valued and anger is devalued). In a daily-diary study, participants rated anger and shame feelings during shame situations that occurred over one week. In a vignette study, participants rated anger and shame in response to standardised shame vignettes that were generated in previous research by either U.S. or Japanese respondents. Across the two studies, and in line with previous research on humiliated fury, shame predicted anger for U.S. participants. Yet, neither in the daily diary study nor for the Japanese-origin vignettes, did we find shame-related anger in Japanese participants. Only when presented with U.S.-origin vignettes, did Japanese respondents in the vignette study report shame-related anger. The findings suggest that shame-related anger is a culture-specific phenomenon.
Bacillus anthracis pXO1 plasmid encodes a putative membrane-bound bacteriocin

Evolutionary advantages over cousin cells in bacterial pathogens may decide about the success of a specific cell in its environment. Bacteria use a plethora of methods to defend against other cells and many devices to attack their opponents when competing for resources. Bacteriocins are antibacterial proteins that are used to eliminate competition. We report the discovery of a putative membrane-bound bacteriocin encoded by the Bacillus anthracis pathogenic pXO1 plasmid. We analyze the genomic structure of the bacteriocin operon. The proposed mechanisms of action predestine this operon as a potent competitive advantage over cohabitants of the same niche.
Incidence and Identification of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida in the Clinical Laboratory

Strains of Pseudomonas producing fluorescin but no pyocyanin or pyorubrin were studied by biochemical and antibiotic sensitivity testing. A rapid nitrate test was found to be useful in distinguishing P. aeruginosa (positive) from P. fluorescens and P. putida (both negative). A shortened gelatin test differentiated P. fluorescens (positive) from P. putida (negative). P. fluorescens and P. putida were very sensitive to low levels of kanamycin and resistant to carbenicillin, a pattern just the opposite of that obtained with P. aeruginosa.
Predicting Future Locations and Arrival Times of Individuals

This work has two objectives: a) to predict people's future locations, and b) to predict when they will be at given locations. Current location-based applications react to the user‘s current location. The progression from location-awareness to location-prediction can enable the next generation of proactive, context-predicting applications. Existing location-prediction algorithms predict someone‘s next location. In contrast, this dissertation predicts someone‘s future locations. Existing algorithms use a sequence of locations and predict the next location in the sequence. This dissertation incorporates temporal information as timestamps in order to predict someone‘s location at any time in the future. Sequence predictors based on Markov models have been shown to be effective predictors of someone's next location. This dissertation applies a Markov model to two-dimensional, timestamped location information to predict future locations. This dissertation also predicts when someone will be at a given location. These predictions can support presence or understanding co-workers‘ routines. Predicting the times that someone is going to be at a given location is a very different and more difficult problem than predicting where someone will be at a given time. A location-prediction application may predict one or two key locations for a given time, while there could be hundreds of correct predictions for times of the day that someone will be in a given location. The approach used in this dissertation, a heuristic model loosely based on Market Basket Analysis, is the first to predict when someone will arrive at any given location. The models are applied to sparse, WiFi mobility data collected on PDAs given to 275 college freshmen. The location-prediction model predicts future locations with 78-91% accuracy. The temporal-prediction model achieves 33-39% accuracy. If a tolerance of plus/minus twenty minutes is allowed, the prediction rates rise to 77%-91%. This dissertation shows the characteristics of the timestamped, location data which lead to the highest number of correct predictions. The best data cover large portions of the day, with less than three locations for any given timestamp.
PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE FOREST AT KADALUNDI- VALLIKKUNNU COMMUNITY RESERVE, KERALA

Kadalundi-Vallikkunnu Community Reserve spread across the 1.5km 2 , endowed with good patches of Mangrove forest. Phytosociology is a scientific discipline which encompasses the study of plant community, composition, diversity and relationships among the component species. The present study aims on floristic diversity and structural dynamics of Mangroves in Kadalundi-Vallikkunnu Community Reserve situated in Calicut- Malappuram districts of Kerala. A total of 7 species belonging to 5 families were enumerated. The study area showed a dominance of Avicennia officinalis followed by Rhizophora mucronata, Excoecaria agallocha whereas Sonneratia alba recorded lowest density. Maximum Relative Basal area was represented by Avicennia officinalis followed by Rhizophora mucronata, therefore these species registered the highest Important Value Index (IVI) and Relative IVI among the 7 mangrove species. Diversity indices was found out for entire study area with Shannon Weiner index (H') of 2.117, Equitability (e) of 0.745 and Simpson's diversity index (D) of 0.713 respectively. Since many of the anthropogenic activities going on this community reserve, unique composition of this mangrove forest has to be protected in its natural condition.
On The Relation among Speech Errors, Disfluencies, and Self-Repairs

In this study the relationship between speech errors (deviations from a speech plan), disfluencies (interruptions in the execution of a speech plan), and self-repairs (corrections of speech errors) was examined. Two hypotheses were formulated: Either disfluencies are special types of speech errors, or they resemble self-repairs (i.e., they are corrective actions applied to anticipated, internal errors). To test these two hypotheses, patterns of speech errors, disfluencies, and self-repairs were compared in a task in which speakers recited stimulus sentences four times in succession under time pressure. Subjects in one condition were explicitly instructed to pay close attention to accuracy of speaking. in another condition subjects were told that speech accuracy was not important. A much lower speech error rate was found in the higher-accuracy condition, but rates of disfluencies and self-repairs did not differ significantly between the two accuracy conditions. This is regarded as support for the self-repair account of disfluencies. When accuracy of speaking is stressed, speakers tend to avoid and repair speech errors at the cost of reduced speech fluency.
Quantitative classification of mammographic densities and breast cancer risk: results from the Canadian National Breast Screening Study.

BACKGROUND The radiographic appearance of the female breast varies from woman to woman depending on the relative amounts of fat and connective and epithelial tissues present. Variations in the mammographic density of breast tissue are referred to as the parenchymal pattern of the breast. Fat is radiologically translucent or clear (darker appearance), and both connective and epithelial tissues are radiologically dense (lighter appearance). Previous studies have generally supported an association between parenchymal patterns and breast cancer risk (greater risk with increasing densities), but there has been considerable heterogeneity in risk estimates reported. PURPOSE Our objective was to determine the level of breast cancer risk associated with varying mammographic densities by quantitatively classifying breast density with conventional radiological methods and novel computer-assisted methods. METHODS From the medical records of a cohort of 45,000 women assigned to mammography in the Canadian National Breast Cancer Screening Study (NBSS), a multicenter, randomized trial, mammograms from 354 case subjects and 354 control subjects were identified. Case subjects were selected from those women in whom histologically verified invasive breast cancer had developed 12 months or more after entering the trial. Control subjects were selected from those of similar age who, after a similar period of observation, had not developed breast cancer. The mammogram taken at the beginning of the NBSS was the image used for measurements. Mammograms were classified into six categories of density, either by radiologists or by computer-assisted measurements. All radiological classification and computer-assisted measurements were made using one craniocaudal view from the breast contralateral to the cancer site in case subjects and the corresponding breast of control subjects. All P values represent two-sided tests of statistical significance. RESULTS For all subjects, there was a 43% increase in the relative risk (RR) between the lower and the next higher category of density, as determined by radiologists, and there was a 32% increase as determined by the computer-assisted method. For all subjects, the RR in the most extensive category relative to the least was 6.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.82-12.97) for radiologists and 4.04 (95% CI = 2.12-7.69) for computer-assisted methods. Statistically significant increases in breast cancer risk associated with increasing mammographic density were found by both radiologists and computer-assisted methods for women in the age category 40-49 years (P = .005 for radiologists and P = .003 for computer-assisted measurements) and the age category 50-59 years (P = .002 for radiologists and P = .001 for computer-assisted measurements). CONCLUSION These results show that increases in the level of breast tissue density as assessed by mammography are associated with increases in risk for breast cancer.
Focal Adhesion Kinase: A Key Mediator of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling in Fibroblasts.

SIGNIFICANCE There is no effective drug therapy for scarring and fibrotic disease. The cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) promotes tissue repair, but its excessive action can lead to over exuberant scarring and fibrotic disease. However, owing to the multifunctional nature of TGF-β, broad targeting of the canonical Smad-TGF-β signaling pathway in vivo is likely to have unintended, deleterious consequences. RECENT ADVANCES (1) The myofibroblast is the essential cell type that mediates tissue repair and fibrosis. (2) TGF-β is an essential contributor to myofibroblast differentiation and activity. (3) TGF-β selectively promotes tissue repair and fibrosis via the noncanonical focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway; FAK mediates myofibroblast differentiation, and hence may represent a novel intervention point for drugs treating fibrotic disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Excessive scarring (e.g., in hypertrophic scars, keloids, and scleroderma) is characterized by enhanced TGF-β signaling and is a major clinical problem. Drugs that selectively and effectively control the profibrotic action of TGF-β is therefore of clinical relevance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS FAK inhibition may represent a novel therapy for scarring disorders.
Diverse Regulation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Phagocytosis of Photoreceptor Outer Segments by Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2, Group VIA and Secretory Phospholipase A2, Group IB

Purpose: To investigate the roles of the phospholipases A2 (PLA2) subtypes, iPLA2-VIA and sPLA2-IB in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) and to explore a possible interaction between sPLA2-IB and iPLA2-VIA in the RPE. Methods: To explore the role of iPLA2-VIA in RPE phagocytosis of POS, experiments with iPLA2-VIA vector transfection, iPLA2-VIA−/− knockout (KO) mice, and iPLA2-VIA inhibition by bromoenol lactone (BEL) were done. Exogenous addition of sPLA2-IB was used to investigate the role of sPLA2-IB in RPE phagocytosis. A Luciferase Reporter Vector containing the iPLA2-VIA promoter was used to study the effects of sPLA2-IB on the iPLA2-VIA promoter. Results: ARPE-19 and primary mouse RPE cells transfected with iPLA2-VIA showed increased phagocytosis. Phagocytosis was reduced in primary mouse RPE inhibited with BEL and in RPE from KO mice. Exogenous addition of enzymatically active and inactive sPLA2-IB reduced phagocytosis in ARPE-19 and primary mouse RPE cells. Finally, sPLA2-IB did not seem to affect the iPLA2-VIA promoter. Conclusion: The present study confirms the involvement of iPLA2-VIA in efficient RPE phagocytosis of POS, while exogenously added sPLA2-IB decreases phagocytosis regardless of enzymatic activity. No apparent interaction between iPLA2-VIA and sPLA2-IB was found.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with spontaneous breathing as a bridge to lung transplantation.

OBJECTIVES A large number of transplantation centres consider extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as an inappropriate option for bridging critical patients to lung transplantation. Technical improvements such as the introduction of a polymethylpentene membrane, new centrifugal pumps and heparin-coated circuits have led to a safer application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and an increasing number of centres are reporting their positive experiences. The aim of this study was to review our practice in bridging critical candidates to lung transplantation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, by comparing patients with invasive mechanical ventilation with patients with spontaneous breathing. METHODS The records of candidates for lung transplantation treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have been revised. RESULTS From February 2008 to 2012, 11 patients who experienced an abrupt worsening of their respiratory conditions were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; mean age: 33.9 ± 13.2 years, male/female ratio: 5/6, 6 patients were affected by cystic fibrosis, 2 had chronic rejection after transplantation, 2 had pulmonary fibrosis and 1 had systemic sclerosis. Seven patients were awake, while 4 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation. The sequential organ failure assessment score significantly increased during bridging time and this increase was significantly higher in the intubated patients. All the patients had bilateral lung transplantation. Spontaneously breathing patients showed a tendency to require a shorter duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay and hospital stay after transplantation. One-year survival rate was 85.7% in patients with spontaneous breathing vs 50% in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in spontaneously breathing patients is a feasible, effective and safe bridge to lung transplantation.
Arabic tweets sentiment analysis – a hybrid scheme

The fact that people freely express their opinions and ideas in no more than 140 characters makes Twitter one of the most prevalent social networking websites in the world. Being popular in Saudi Arabia, we believe that tweets are a good source to capture the public’s sentiment, especially since the country is in a fractious region. Going over the challenges and the difficulties that the Arabic tweets present – using Saudi Arabia as a basis – we propose our solution. A typical problem is the practice of tweeting in dialectical Arabic. Based on our observation we recommend a hybrid approach that combines semantic orientation and machine learning techniques. Through this approach, the lexical-based classifier will label the training data, a time-consuming task often prepared manually. The output of the lexical classifier will be used as training data for the SVM machine learning classifier. The experiments show that our hybrid approach improved the F-measure of the lexical classifier by 5.76% while the accuracy jumped by 16.41%, achieving an overall F-measure and accuracy of 84 and 84.01% respectively.