Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coarse particle inclusion and lignocellulose‐rich fiber addition in feed benefit performance and health of broiler chickens

ABSTRACT Measures to improve gut health and nutrient digestibility have been sought due to in‐feed antibiotics being phased out in poultry. The appropriate physical structure of feed ingredients and addition of dietary fiber may be beneficial in enhancing gut health in poultry. In this study, the effect of a lignocellulose‐rich fiber source and corn particle size on broiler performance, gizzard development, nutrient digestibility, cecal microflora, and litter quality was evaluated. A total of 684 day‐old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 6 replicate pens, each housing 19 birds. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was applied with the factors of: corn particle size (coarse: 2,982 &mgr;m or fine: 941 &mgr;m geometric mean diameter), and 3 levels of lignocellulose (0%, 1% or 2%). Significant particle size × fiber interaction was observed for feed conversion ratio (FCR) at d 10 (P < 0.05). The birds fed coarsely ground corn (CGC) had lower FCR than those fed finely ground corn (FGC) only at 2% of lignocellulose but not at 1% or no lignocellulose addition. Birds fed FGC were heavier (P < 0.001) at d 10. In contrast, at d 24 and 35, birds fed CGC had lower FCR than those fed FGC (P < 0.05). Ileal gross energy and protein digestibility increased in birds fed CGC compared with those fed FGC at d 24 (P < 0.05). Relative gizzard weight was higher (P < 0.05) on d 24 and 35 in birds fed CGC as compared to those fed FGC. Birds consumed 2% dietary lignocellulose had decreased counts of cecal Clostridium spp. compared to those with 1% lignocellulose (P < 0.05) at d 24. On d 35, both levels of lignocellulose had significantly decreased (P < 0.05) litter moisture content compared to the control. In conclusion, birds fed pelleted diets containing CGC exhibited improved FCR, and increased nutrient digestibility, which may have been caused by larger gizzards. Furthermore, dietary lignocellulose addition is beneficial to litter quality.
[Perceived stress caused by informal caregiving. Construction of a scale].

We hypothesize that 'self-perceived pressure from informal care' is an important result of the appraisal process of caregivers. This pressure refers to the demands of the caregiving situation in comparison with the personal interests of the caregiver. For the measurement of this 'Self-Perceived Pressure from Informal Care' of informal caregivers of demented elderly (N = 167) a 9-item Rasch scale (SPPIC) was developed with a satisfying Index of Subject Separation (.66) and reliability (Rho = .79). Findings revealed that 'Self-Perceived Pressure from Informal Care' is one dimension which varies from less to more pressure. Perceived pressure did not differ for male and female caregivers, and for spouse and non-spouse caregivers. The associations of perceived pressure with the psychological and psychosocial complaints of the caregivers and with the stressors in the caregiving situation support the validity of the SPPIC (Pearson r = .26 - .53). This questionnaire can be used in research on the development of psychological complaints of caregivers, but also for measuring the effect of an intervention on caregivers.
Mapping Global Fossil Fuel Combustion CO2 Emissions at High Resolution by Integrating Nightlight, Population Density, and Traffic Network Data

Quantification of global fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at fine spatial resolution is emerging as a critical need in climate change research and policy-making. Numerous studies have constructed CO2 emission inventories by using spatial proxies, such as radiance-calibrated nightlight and population density, to downscale national emission data into finer spatial scales. However, only using nightlight imagery and population density datasets cannot sufficiently explain the spatial characteristics of potential emission sources from transportation. In this study, we integrated nighttime imagery, population density, and traffic network data to estimate CO2 emission, and performed a linear regression model with corrective measure to create a high-resolution global grid of fossil fuel carbon emissions in 2010. The experimental results show that the model which considers all these factors (nighttime lights, population density, and traffic network data) exhibited a more reasonable distribution of CO2 emission than those involving only one or two factors. Besides, in contrast to previous studies on the actual statistical data of CO2 emissions at the level of subadministrative units of mainland China and the United States, the correlation coefficient of our inventory is significantly larger than those of the other two inventories, while both the mean absolute error and root-mean-squared error of our inventory are the smallest values among the three inventories. The inventory established in this study shows strong agreement with subnational-level CO2 emission statistics. The resulting dataset and corresponding methods would be of immediate use to global climate managers and policy-making communities.
Cardiac tamponade after malignant superior vena cava stenting: Two case reports and brief review of the literature

Percutaneous stenting of the superior vena cava (SVC) is usually recommended as a palliative procedure for malignant SVC obstruction with low reported morbidity. Complications are uncommon and usually of minor consequence. We report two unusual cases of cardiac tamponade following SVC stenting in patients with malignant SVC syndrome. Echocardiography allows rapid diagnosis and guides pericardial drainage in the interventional radiology suite.
Sensorimotor mechanisms in music performance: actions that go partially wrong

Even expert musicians make errors occasionally, and overt responses that are correct may be accompanied by partial‐error behavior that can be indicative of online error detection processes. We compare pianists’ production of correct pitches, pitch errors, and partial errors (correct pitches with incorrect force or duration) by examining events prior to errors. Errors tended to be produced with slower durations and softer intensities (associated with force reduction) than correct events. In addition, pre‐error events tended to have durations and intensities that fell between those of errors and correct responses, presumably due to response competition with upcoming errors that resulted in partial‐error outcomes. These findings support the inference that partial information about upcoming (planned) sequence events is used to guide current responses, consistent with cascade models of activation during sequence production.
study on the correlation between plan omplexity and gamma index analysis in patient pecific quality assurance of volumetric modulated rc therapy

Aim: To evaluate the new Octavius 4D system for patient specific quality assurance and to study the correlation between plan complexity and gamma index analysis in patient specific quality assurance of VMAT using the Octavius 4D system. Background: McNiven (2010) proposed a study to evaluate the utility of a complexity metric, the Modulation Complexity Score, to evaluate the relationship of the metric with deliver-
Approximated Virtual Source Imaging System for a Pair of Closely Spaced Loudspeakers

This paper presents an approximated virtual source imaging system based on crosstalk cancellation with a pair of closely spaced loudspeakers. Utilizing the frequency-dependent relative importance of sound localization cues, the proposed system provides separate approximations for the lowand high-frequency bands. Experimental results show that the system provides good approximations within ±55◦ in the stereo dipole setup with natural sound quality. key words: sound cues, stereo dipole, virtual source imaging
Readdressable Interconnects With Spatial Soliton Waveguides in Liquid Crystal Light Valves

We excite spatial solitons by reorientational nonlinearity of the nematic liquid crystals, using a photoconductive light valve to implement an external light-driven control of their trajectories. Control spots provide deviations of the solitons and allow implementing various routing operations. We demonstrate 2-bit (4-output) and 3-bit (8-output) spatial demultiplexers and a continuously adjustable X/Y power-dependent junction.
Mobile manipulation of humanoid robots -control method for accurate manipulation

A control method for humanoid robots of mobile manipulation is proposed: this method allows accurate manipulation using hands, even when the robots move around. A robot controls its body pose and steps so that manipulabilities of both arms and robot stability can increase, coordinating with the motion of both hands for performing objective tasks. Because of the vibration caused by the impact of foot landing and the slip of the feet, the accuracy of the hand positions and robot stability decrease. For this problem, the robot measures real hand positions and body orientation with its camera and gyroscope. Then the hand positions errors are transformed to correcting joint angles of the arms using arm Jacobian matrices. Adding the calculated joint angles to the desired joint angles of the arms, the arms can compensate the hand positions. New desired joint angles of the legs are calculated by inverse kinematics from real foot positions and desired shoulder position. Adding the correcting joint angles to the desired joint angles of the legs, the legs can compensate the shoulder position, thus increasing robot stability. The effectiveness of the proposed method is ascertained by simulations.
Workplace Flexibility and Daily Stress Processes in Hotel Employees and Their Children

This research aims to understand the consequences of inadequate workplace flexibility through the lens of daily stress processes. Using a sample of hourly paid hotel employees with children ages 10 to 18 who participated in a daily diary study, the authors compared workers with low and high flexibility on stressor exposure, reactivity, and transmission. The findings showed a consistent pattern of hourly workers with low flexibility having greater exposure to work stressors in general and to workplace arguments in particular. Workers with low flexibility were also more emotionally and physically reactive to work stressors. There was some evidence of stressor transmission to children when parents had low flexibility. Increasing workplace flexibility could serve as a protective factor in exposure and reactivity to stressors experienced in daily life.
Combined Hepatocellular Cholangiocarcinomas; Analysis of a Large Database

Aim Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (combined tumor) has been described as either a variant of hepatoma or a variant of cholangiocarcinoma. Prior studies evaluated fewer than 50 patients with combined tumors, precluding multivariate analyses. Posited was the notion that analysis of a large database would yield more definite answers. Methods This study used SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute) to analyze 282 combined tumors, 2,035 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and 19,336 hepatomas between the years 1973-2003. Multinomial logit regression calculated point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (c.i.) for relative risk (rr). Cox regression calculated point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (c.i.) for hazard ratios (ĥ). Results Men less often had cholangiocarcinomas than they had combined tumors (rr = 0.63, c.i. = 0.49-0.81). Hepatomas less often than combined tumors presented with distant spread (rr = 0.56, c.i. = 0.43-0.72). Men (rr = 1.50, c.i. = 1.17-1.93) and patients with a known Asian or Pacific birthplace (rr = 2.36, c.i. = 1.56-3.56) more often had hepatomas than they had combined tumors. Among patients not known to have an Asian/Pacific birthplace, a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (ĥ = 0.72, c.i. = 0.63-0.82) or hepatoma (ĥ = 0.75, c.i. = 0.66-0.86) provided a better prognosis than did a diagnosis of combined tumor. Conclusion Combined tumors differ from hepatomas and cholangiocarcinomas in terms of distribution and survival patterns in the population; they should be considered neither cholangiocarcinomas nor hepatomas.
Different response to acetic acid stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild‐type and l‐ascorbic acid‐producing strains

Biotechnological processes are of increasing significance for industrial production of fine and bulk chemicals, including biofuels. Unfortunately, under operative conditions microorganisms meet multiple stresses, such as non‐optimal pH, temperature, oxygenation and osmotic stress. Moreover, they have to face inhibitory compounds released during the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomasses, which constitute the preferential substrate for second‐generation processes. Inhibitors include furan derivatives, phenolic compounds and weak organic acids, among which acetic acid is one of the most abundant and detrimental for cells. They impair cellular metabolism and growth, reducing the productivity of the process: therefore, the development of robust cell factories with improved production rates and resistance is of crucial importance. Here we show that a yeast strain engineered to endogenously produce vitamin C exhibits an increased tolerance compared to the parental strain when exposed to acetic acid at moderately toxic concentrations, measured as viability on plates. Starting from this evidence, we investigated more deeply: (a) the nature and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS); (b) the activation of enzymes that act directly as detoxifiers of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, in parental and engineered strains during acetic acid stress. The data indicate that the engineered strain can better recover from stress by limiting ROS accumulation, independently from SOD activation. The engineered yeast can be proposed as a model for further investigating direct and indirect mechanism(s) by which an antioxidant can rescue cells from organic acid damage; moreover, these studies will possibly provide additional targets for further strain improvements. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building the Data Association Network of Sensors in the Internet of Things

In the Internet of Things, wireless sensor networks (WSN) is in charge of gathering and transferring environment data. It is an essential work to mine data semantic in WSN in the data derived from sensors to improve the WSN. This paper proposes the Data Association Network of sensors (DAN) to organize the mined association semantic relations among sensors into an effective form. Because DAN holds the rich data semantic of WSN, it can improve WSN in some aspects, such as detecting the abnormal sensors, simulating the data of faulty sensors, or optimizing the topology of WSN. Experimental results show that the proposed method can mine the associated relations among sensor nodes effectively, and the DAN is helpful in solving some problems of WSN.
Susceptibility gene for familial acute myeloid leukemia associated with loss of 5q and/or 7q is not localized on the commonly deleted portion of 5q

The molecular mechanism for the occurrence of leukemia in multiple members of a family has not been fully elucidated but data support the contribution of highly penetrant mutations in leukemia susceptibility genes. We have investigated the genetic etiology of an unusual three‐generation family with apparent autosomal dominant transmission of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) accompanied by somatic loss of the long arm of chromosome 5 and/or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of leukemia cells have been performed, confirming acquired hemi‐ and homozygous deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5. However, the chromosome lost in the observed LOH event is from the affected parent, in contradiction to the expectation for a two‐hit hypothesis involving a tumor suppressor gene. Furthermore, genetic linkage has been performed at 5q31–33 as well as other loci (21q22 and 16q21–23.2) previously implicated in familial leukemia. In this family, linkage analysis excludes loci at 5q31–33 and 21q22, but localization to 16q21–23.2 cannot be excluded. We observed a maximum multipoint LOD score of 1.19 between marker D16S265 and D16S503 at 16q22 (P = 0.03), suggesting possible linkage to this locus. Considering this family and the previous 16q‐linked family together, the linkage of a leukemia susceptibility gene to 16q22 achieved an LOD score of 3.63 at D16S265 with Θ = 0. Thus, somatic deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 appears as a necessary but surprisingly noncausative event for onset of AML and MDS in this family, thereby confirming a multistep etiology in which chromosome 5 plays an important secondary role. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 28:164–172, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory Applied to Active Power Filter Compensation: Different Approaches, Assessment, and Experimental Results

In this paper, the five main formulations of the instantaneous reactive power theory have been chosen to study nonlinear load compensation. They are p-q original theory, d-q transformation, modified or cross-product formulation, p-q-r reference frame, and vectorial theory. The obtention of the compensation current according to each formulation has been established. Next, the behavior of an active power filter (APF) that is implemented with those different control algorithms has been studied. On one hand, a simulation platform with control, APF, and load has been built to test them. Results obtained in an unbalanced and nonsinusoidal three-phase four-wire system have been compared by means of the most adequate indexes. On the other hand, the APF control strategies have been implemented in an experimental platform constituted by a 20-kVA power inverter and a 400-MHz digital signal processing controller board. The final analysis shows that, in general, the five theories present a different behavior, which depends on supply voltage, with respect to distortion. However, all of them widely decrease the waveform distortion. Moreover, a more general compensation objective is possible. It obtains balanced and sinusoidal source current in any conditions of the supply voltage.
Evaluating Executive Compensation Packages

The first step in understanding the incentives provided to chief executive officers (CEOs) of large public firms is to measure their compensation accurately. This is not a straightforward task, as only partial information on compensation contracts is collected systematically (Execucomp, since 1992, for top executives of public U.S. firms). The source for the information is the compensation summary tables that the Securities and Exchange Commission mandates to be included in annual proxy statements. We show how to use this available data, together with stock price data in the Center for Research in Security Prices, to construct a measure of annual income that is based on realized compensation, rather than on the expected value of stock and option grants. We discuss the limitations of the available data to construct this measure and compare it to other measures recently used in the literature. We also propose a counterfactual exercise to project what annual income for CEOs in our sample would have been in different performance scenarios for their firm. We present our estimates of annual income and its sensitivity to performance for the period from 1993 to 2012, with a particular focus on the financial industry since the 2008 financial crisis.
Sorting big data on heterogeneous near-data processing systems

Big data workloads assumed recently a relevant importance in many business and scientific applications. Sorting elements efficiently in big data workloads is a key operation. In this work, we analyze the implementation of the mergesort algorithm on heterogeneous systems composed of CPUs and near-data processors located on the system memory channels. For configurations with equal number of active CPU cores and near-data processors, our experiments show a performance speedup of up to 2.5, as well as up to 2.5x energy-per-solution reduction.
Extrapolation of Mixed Finite Element Approximations for the Maxwell Eigenvalue Problem

In this paper, a general method to derive asymptotic error expansion formulas for the mixed finite element approximations of the Maxwell eigenvalue problem is established. Abstract lemmas for the error of the eigenvalue approximations are obtained. Based on the asymptotic error expansion formulas, the Richardson extrapolation method is employed to improve the accuracy of the approximations for the eigenvalues of the Maxwell system from to when applying the lowest order Nedelec mixed finite element and a nonconforming mixed finite element. To our best knowledge, this is the first superconvergence result of the Maxwell eigenvalue problem by the extrapolation of the mixed finite element approximation. Numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.
In Vitro Propagation of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Abstract

A method with high success frequency for propagation of avocado is described. Embryonic axes of mature avocado seeds from six Floridian cultivars were excised and cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing growth regulators. Two types of cytokinins were used: benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ). Explants were incubated in the dark for 7-10 days to reduce browning, then transferred to 18 h photoperiod. Multiple shoots were subcultured for further multiplication. Shoots were rooted in MS medium with 2 mg/1 indolebutyric acid (IBA). This procedure could have application in improving the cloning of avocado varieties and rootstocks having desirable characteritics.
Cellular basis of potato spindle tuber viroid systemic movement.

Viroids are small, nontranslatable pathogenic RNAs that replicate autonomously and traffic systemically in their host plants. We have used in situ hybridization to analyze the trafficking pattern of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana. When PSTVd was inoculated onto the stem of a plant, it replicated and trafficked to sink, but not source, leaves. PSTVd was absent from shoot apical meristems. In the flowers of infected plants, PSTVd was present in the sepals, but was absent in the petals, stamens, and ovary. The replicative form of PSTVd was detected in the phloem. Our data demonstrate that (i) PSTVd traffics long distance in the phloem and this trafficking is likely sustained by replication of the viroid in the phloem, and (ii) PSTVd trafficking is governed by plant developmental and cellular factors. The dependency of PSTVd and other viroids on cellular mechanisms for RNA trafficking makes them excellent tools to study such mechanisms.