Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of Calix[4]arenes Bearing Nitrogen

In this paper,the synthesis of calix[4]arenes was studied with p-tert-butylphenol as start stuff.Five calix[4]arenes bearing nitrogenous group had been synthesized by introducing three different nitrogenous groups in the lower rim.1HNMR and melting point were used to characterize the compounds.In our experiments,we also found,when the length of alkyl bromide chain increased,only cyclo-calix[4]arene bearing nitrogenous group could be achieved at last.
Fire Susceptibility Mapping in the Northeast Forests and Rangelands of Iran using New and Ensemble Data Mining Models

Fires have increased in the northeastern Iran as its semiarid climate landscape is being desiccated by human activities. To combat fire outbreaks in any region, one must map fire susceptibility with accurate and efficient models. This research mapped fire susceptibility in the forests and rangelands of northeastern Iran’s Golestan Province using new data mining models. Fire effective factors data describing elevation, slope angle, annual mean rainfall, annual mean temperature, wind effect, topographic wetness index (TWI), plan curvature, distance from river, distance to road, and distance to village were obtained from several sources. The relative importance of each variable was determined with a random forest algorithm. Fire susceptibility maps were produced in R 3.3. 3 software using GAM, MARS, SVM algorithms and a new ens­emble of the three models: GAM-MARS-SVM. Validation of the four fire susceptibility maps was performed with the area under the curve. Results show that distance from village, annual mean rainfall and elevation were of greatest importance in predicting fire susceptibility. The new GAM-MARS-SVM ensemble model achieved the highest fire susceptibility mapping precision. The fire susceptibility map produced using the GAM-MARS-SVM ensemble model best detected the high fire risk areas in Golestan Province.
Possibilities of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for Hydrodynamic and Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Port Structures

This paper describes the recent advances and applications of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for hydrodynamic analysis of port structures under sea loads taking into account fluid-structure interaction effects. The paper describes the theoretical basis of the PFEM combining concept from Lagrangian flows, particle methods and finite element techniques. Emphasis is put on the treatment of fluid-structure interaction effects allowing for motions and deformation of the structures under hydrodynamic sea forces. Examples of the efficiency and accuracy of the PFEM for the analysis of piers and breakwater structures under different sea loading conditions are presented.
Passive MIMO radar detection

Abstract : Passive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is a sensor network comprised of multiple distributed receivers that detects and localizes targets using the emissions from multiple non-cooperative radio frequency transmitters. This dissertation advances the theory of centralized passive MIMO radar (PMR) detection by proposing two novel generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detectors. The first addresses detection in PMR networks without direct-path signals. The second addresses detection in PMR networks with direct-path signals. The probability distributions of both test statistics are investigated using recent results from random matrix theory. Equivalence is established between PMR networks without direct-path signals and passive source localization (PSL) networks. Comparison of both detectors with a centralized GLRT for active MIMO radar (AMR) detection reveals that PMR may be interpreted as the link between AMR and PSL sensor networks. In particular, under high direct-path-tonoise ratio (DNR) conditions, PMR sensitivity and ambiguity approaches that of AMR. Under low-DNR conditions, PMR sensitivity and ambiguity approaches that of PSL. At intermediate DNRs, PMR sensitivity and ambiguity smoothly varies between that of AMR and PSL. In this way, PMR unifies PSL and AMR within a common theoretical framework. This result provides insight into the fundamental natures of active and passive distributed sensing.
Fuzzy Model-Based S-curve Regression for Working Capital Construction Management with Statistical Method

The regression curve, obtained for project control of large-scale or small-scale engineering, is smoothly connected by a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. A sample of data taken from Department of Rapid Transit Systems, Taipei City Government is used to demonstrate the concept of the proposed regression model using statistical method. This developed S-curve equation could be used in a variety of applications related to project control in the working capital management of construction firms.
An Overview of NHTSA's 2005 ESC Research Program

This is the powerpoint presentation that accompanied the presentation made at the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles on the 2005 electronic stability control (ESC) research program of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Individual pages list the following: program objectives; ESC effectiveness criteria; government and industry collaboration; final maneuver selection; upcoming research; conclusions; and sources for additional information. The conclusions listed are: ESC research is a top priority for NHTSA; A test maneuver capable of evaluating ESC effectiveness has been selected; Preliminary ESC effectiveness criteria have been identified, refinement is underway; and The collaborative testing effort between NHTSA and industry has been very successful.
Dust mass, CCN, and INP profiling with polarization lidar: Updated POLIPHON conversion factors from global AERONET analysis

Abstract. The POLIPHON (Polarization Lidar Photometer Networking) method permits the retrieval of particle number, surface area, and volume concentration for dust and non-dust aerosol components. The obtained microphysical properties are used to estimate height profiles of particle mass, cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) and ice-nucleation particle (INP) concentrations. Of central importance is the conversion of the lidar-derived extinction profiles into aerosol miccrophysical properties (number, surface area, volume). These conversion parameters are determined from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol climatologies of optical and microphysical properties. In this article we focus on the dust-related POLIPHON retrieval and present an updated set of dust conversion factors considering all relevant deserts around the globe. We apply the new conversion factor set to a dust measurement with polarization lidar in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, in central Asia. Strong aerosol layering was observed with mineral dust advected from Kazakhstan (0–2 km height), Iran (2–5 km), the Arabian peninsula (5–7 km), and the Sahara (8–10 km). POLIPHON results obtained with different sets of conversion parameters were contrasted and discussed in terms of uncertainties.
THE INFLUENCE OF DRIVE PARAMETERS AND TECHNICAL CONDITION ON THE VIBROACTIVITY OF DEVICES WITH SINGLE- CYLINDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Summary. The study presents the important issue of the noise emission, generated by single-cylinder internal combustion engine constructions. This type of engine is used in drives of different types of machines and devices, including transport machines. In the study, the measurements and results analysis were conducted, which aim was to estimate the influence of the engine capacity, their power and the change of the technical condition on the generated noise. The researches of exemplary lawnmowers, equipped in this type of drive, showed the reduction of the sound level, together with the increase of the engines capacity and power decrease, and the increase of the noise (a few decibels) caused by the change of the technical condition during the operation.
Enhancing S4 with Guidance from the Features of Other Behavior Modeling Systems

Abstract : The System-of-Systems Survivability Simulation (S4) is a computer simulation of a military battlefield that was built with the goal of representing realistic Army missions and decision making for the purposes of survivability, lethality, and vulnerability analyses. While S4 is a powerful tool that has the potential to answer important questions about command and control, there are features of S4 that could be enhanced to better represent human behavior. The importance of representing human behavior accurately is evident. S4 tends to idealize human behavior, whereas in the real world cognitive errors occur all the time. In order to be useful to the Army, S4 should represent non-ideal human performance so that it can accurately answer questions about how to improve performance. We make recommendations for updating S4 into a more realistic system for modeling human cognition. We focus on three areas of cognition: perception, memory, and decision making. We derive our recommendations from other modeling tools, including the Adaptive Control of Thought - Rational (ACT-R), the Performance Modulated Functions Server (PMFserv), and the Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT).
Digital simulation of the SIR-C sensor electronics

In this paper software for simulation of the response of the SIR-C sensor to a point target is described. Synthetic SAR data is generated by passing successive chirps through a simulation of the transmitter electronics, propagation path and receiver electronics. This result is then processed with a digital correlator to yield the point target response of the system. This allows an accurate assessment of the effect of the radar design on the final image product.
Extrapolating Lessons for Future Cinematic Virtual Reality Creators by Looking at Current and Past Attempts at Creating Virtual Reality.

— The primary objective of this thesis is to formalize the formal lessons of the medium of Cinematic Virtual Reality (or CVR). In order to do so I first researched what makes CVR its own unique subsection of Virtual Reality (or VR). This was done by comprehending the history of the medium, and its current state. By doing so, we may definitively separate CVR as its own subsection of VR. Once this subsection is defined, we may extrapolate lessons from the advice of current CVR directors for future CVR directors to adhere to. As such, this thesis’s first focus is on the history of VR. The second focus is on where CVR is currently as a medium. The third and final focus is on what current directors and content creators have learned from their experiences when creating for this medium, and what we can learn from it. With these three primary focuses, we may establish a basis for the very first CVR lessons. This thesis aims to begin constructing the formal rules of Cinematic Virtual Reality so that the medium can benefit from an inherit structure, as it has gained significant maturity in the last half century. By having these formal rules structured, the production process benefits from a clearer path to achieve narrative goals.
Teaching transport phenomena around a cup of coffee

The objecto f this column is to enhanceo ur readersc' ollectionso f interestinga nd novel problems in chemicale ngineering.P roblemso f the type that can be usedt o motivate the studentb y presentinga particularp rinciplei n class,o r in a new light, or thatc anb e assigneda sa novel home problem, are requested, as well as those that are more traditional in nature and that elucidate difficult concepts.M anuscriptss houldn ot exceed1 4 double-spacedp agesa nd shouldb e accompanied by the originals of any figures or photographs. Please submit them to Professor James O. Wilkes (e-mail: wilkes@umich.edu)C, hemicalE ngineeringD epartment,U niversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109-2136.
Initial Construction of a General Framework for Numerical Simulation of IED Detection and Remote Activation Scenarios

Abstract : We present an initial construction of a general framework for numerical simulation of the various possible types of scenarios that could possibly occur for the detection and remote activation of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) by excitation of incident electromagnetic waves. This general framework consists of a set of component models, each of whose structure permits the output of given types of information. The primary component model of this framework, to which the outputs of all the other component models are inputs, is that of an S-matrix representation of a multilayered composite material system, where each layer of the system is characterized by an average thickness and effective electric permittivity function. The outputs of this primary component are the reflectivity and transmissivity as a function of frequency and incident angle of the incident electromagnetic wave. The other component models, whose outputs are input to the S-matrix model, are response spectra calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and related methodologies, parameterized analytic function representations of the electric permittivity as a function of frequency obtained by fitting experimentally measured spectra, and effective permittivity functions whose construction is based on effective medium theory (EMT) and roughness models. We review those physical theories establishing the foundation of the component models and a prototype simulation that considers response characteristics for THz excitation. We include an initial version of a computer program for calculation of reflectivity and transmissivity functions using the S-matrix formulation. Aspects of this specific software implementation are discussed. In addition, we describe a procedure for calculating response spectra using DFT for use as input to the S-matrix model. For this purpose we have adopted the DFT software NRLMOL.
Wind Resource Potential Assessment and Implication for Climate Change Mitigation: The Case of Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia

Wind power assessments as well as forecast of wind energy production potential are key issues in the wind energy industry. One of the necessary conditions for the development of wind power generation is to choose the optimal site. Alternative energy plays a great role for climate change mitigation, environmental protection and sustainable development. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of wind resource based on WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model and its implication on climate change mitigation in Bale zone, south eastern Ethiopia. In this study, one year wind speed and wind direction at 6- hour intervals at a height of 10, 50 and 100 m were used. The data source is National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). In addition observational wind speed and wind direction data from National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia from ground based stations were used. The analysis result of the NCEP and NMA data by downscaling the model to 20 km by 20 km spatial resolution enabled to map the wind resource potential sites of Bale Zone applicable for wind mill installation. This study showed that most of the Bale zone areas have significant wind power potential to augment its current power generation. The analysis result revealed that wind resource potential is high during summer than winter season. Have a potential of installed 10,329MW wind capacity in Bale zone. If this potential wind resource will installed, so far environment as an estimation of about more than 5 thousand hectare of forest land per year would be preserved, and subsequently, equivalent amount of about 66,294 of CO 2 would be stored per year.
What Drives the Transition to Modern Energy Cooking Services?

Most studies on household energy choices have considered income and education as suitable proxies for sociocultural contexts, primarily because the available data on household energy is from census surveys which are mainly household consumption surveys, not focused energy surveys. Acknowledging the existing data constraints, a more focused household energy survey was designed for rural India with the aim of better understanding determinants of current energy use patterns, energy choices, to measure the impacts of these factors, and importantly, arrive at key policy insights. This paper revisits the definition of access to include for reliability and quality going beyond conventional understanding. It also relooks at the role of gender in household energy choices. Having established that apart from income, sociocultural factors may have a greater role in determining household energy choices, the model results indicate electricity access would have a positive impact on cooking energy choices only after meeting a minimum threshold requirement. As women move toward more formal employment, the odds of choosing cleaner fuels increase significantly. Thus, while macro-policies may provide important guidelines and the necessary framework, implementation strategies need to be designed at the local level through a participatory approach making energy an integral part of the development paradigm.
Evaluating Novel Threats to the Homeland: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Cruise Missiles

Abstract : How to invest homeland security resources wisely in the United States can appear to be an intractable problem because the large, open American society seems to be vulnerable to so many threats in every corner of the country. This monograph is intended to present a defense-planning approach to bound the problem and thereby aid policy and resource decisions about one type of potential threat to the homeland: cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The methodology used can be applied to other modes of attack, and the insights gained from this approach extend to other threats as well. Indeed, although the focus of the research is on a specific class of weapons, it does not look at that class in isolation; rather, it considers the weapons as one of many options open to a potential attacker and seeks to identify investment strategies that are effective against multiple threats and weapons.
Joint Estimation of Dynamic Origin-Destination Matrices and Calibration of Micro-Simulation Models Using Aggregate Intersection TurnCount Data

This paper presents a framework for the simultaneous calibration of microscopic traffic simulation models and estimation of dynamic origin destination (OD) matrices using aggregate intersection turning movement counts. Because the calibrated behavioral parameter values depend on the estimated OD flows and vice versa, the OD flows are treated as unknown parameters that must be calibrated along with the driver behavior parameters. A genetic algorithm-based optimization procedure is developed to simultaneously estimate the unknown OD parameters as well as calibrate the behavioral parameters. The approach does not require the availability or otherwise of a historical OD matrix but instead harnesses the vehicle trajectory information inherent in intersection turning counts. The applicability and potential usefulness of the procedure is demonstrated through a case study using the microscopic traffic simulation model, VISSIM.
The ideals and reality of participating in a MOOC

'CCK08' was a unique event on Connectivism and Connective Knowledge within a MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) in 2008. It was a course and a network about the emergent practices and the theory of Connectivism, proposed by George Siemens as a new learning theory for a digital age. It was convened and led by Stephen Downes and George Siemens through the University of Manitoba, Canada. Although the event was not formally advertised, more than 2000 participants from all over the world registered for the course, with 24 of these enrolled for credit. The course presented a unique opportunity to discover more about how people learn in large open networks, which offer extensive diversity, connectivity and opportunities for sharing knowledge. Learners are increasingly exercising autonomy regarding where, when, how, what and with whom to learn. To do this, they often select technologies independent of those offered by traditional courses. In CCK08 this autonomy was encouraged and learning on the course was distributed across a variety of platforms. This paper explores the perspectives of some of the participants on their learning experiences in the course, in relation to the characteristics of connectivism outlined by Downes, i.e. autonomy, diversity, openness and connectedness/interactivity. The findings are based on an online survey which was emailed to all active participants and email interview data from self-selected interviewees. The research found that autonomy, diversity, openness and connectedness/interactivity are indeed characteristics of a MOOC, but that they present paradoxes which are difficult to resolve in an online course. The more autonomous, diverse and open the course, and the more connected the learners, the more the potential for their learning to be limited by the lack of structure, support and moderation normally associated with an online course, and the more they seek to engage in traditional groups as opposed to an open network. These responses constrain the possibility of having the positive experiences of autonomy, diversity, openness and connectedness/interactivity normally expected of an online network. The research suggests that the question of whether a large open online network can be fused with a course has yet to be resolved. Further research studies with larger samples are needed, as is an investigation into the ethical considerations which may need to be taken into account when testing new theory and practice on course participants.
Concrete Repair : A Practical Guide

Understanding defects, testing and inspection Michael G. Grantham The petrographic examination of concrete and concrete repairs Mike Eden Structural aspects of repair Jonathan G.M. Wood Cathodic protection of structures John P. Broomfield Cathodic protection using thermal sprayed metals John P. Broomfield Service life aspects of cathodic protection of concrete structures Rob B. Polder and Willy H.A. Peelen Instrumentation and monitoring of structures John P. Broomfield Electrochemical chloride extraction Ulrich Schneck Electrochemical realkalisation Michael G. Grantham Corrosion inhibitors Michael G. Grantham European standards for concrete repair Peter Robery Concrete repair - a contractor's perspective John Drewett Sprayed concrete for repairing concrete structures Graham Taylor Durability of concrete repairs G.P. Tilly Service-life modelling for chloride-induced corrosion Rob B. Polder Case studies in the use of FRPs Paul Russell Coatings for concrete Shaun A. Hurley Index
Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor by Fusion Algorithm based on PCA and IDA

In this paper, we propose a diagnosis algorithm using fusion wかd based on PCA and LDA to detect fault states of the induction motor that is applied to various industrial fields. After yielding a feature vector from the current value measured by an experiment using PCA and LDA, training data is made to produce each matching value. In a diagnostic step, two matching values yielded by PCA and LDA are fused by probability model and finally verified. Since the proposed diagnosis algorithm takes only merits of PCA and LDA it shows excellent results under noisy environments. The simulation results to verify the usability of the proposed algorithm showed better performance than the case just using conventional PCA or LDA.