Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIGH-SPEED VIDEO OBSERVATION ON MECHANISM OF RE-ENTRANT MOTION AND CLOUD SHEDDING IN CLOUD CAVITATION

It is known that attached or partial cavitation has a periodic character under a certain flow condition and is related to high cavitation impact with a shedding and collapse of cavitation cloud. The detailed mechanism of the periodic behavior remains to be solved though it appears to be caused by a re-entrant motion from the cavity trailing edge to the leading edge. In this study, we present our previous data as well as new results about a shedding process of cavitation cloud and a mechanism of re-entrant behavior. First, the partial cavitation phenomena are divided into two types. In addition, for these two types of cavity, the re-entrant motions in the cavity are discussed with high-speed-video-camera observations and a digital image processing technique. As the result, a re-entrant motion which plays an important role in unsteady or periodic characteristics of cloud cavitation is formed by the chain-reaction-like collapses of bubbles which are strongly related to the pressure impulse followed by the collapse of cavitation cloud.
MODELLING OF VEHICULAR NETWORK FOR SHORT RANGE

This paper presents the analytical model of two layer and cyclic network for wireless communication in vehicular environment. In fact, we present a vehicular V2I network simulator built to study the behavior of network traffic in Short range environments. The performance of wireless mobile networks can be affected by different parameters, such as a number of clients in wireless network range and vehicle speed. These parameters have been analyzed with Buzen’s algorithm in Matlab. For evolution of wireless network performance has been used wireless access point model as queuing system with real goodput measurements data. In networks, goodput is the application level throughput. As a result of the experiment, the mathematical models for cyclic wireless networks have been selected as ones which are to be used for choosing an optimal method for goodput evaluation of Short range communication Vehicular network.
Automatic Generation Control in Four Area Interconnected Power System of Thermal Generating Unit through Evolutionary Technique

This paper deals to find the dynamic response of load frequency and corresponding tie-line power of an automatic generation control (AGC) in four area interconnected thermal power system by using two different technique (Controller); One is Intelligent (Fuzzy Logic Controller) technique and second is Evolutionary (GA for tuning of PID Controller) Technique. In this paper evolutionary technique are proposed for improving the performance of load frequency and tie-line power and their dynamic responses are compared with the intelligent controller's responses. The results indicate that the proposed controller exhibit better performance and satisfy the automatic generation control requirements with a reasonable dynamic response. The performances of the controllers are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Detection of the toxic cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena by means of a 4-keto-myxoxanthophyll-like pigment in the Baltic Sea

The pigment composition of cyanobacterial species regularly forming blooms in the Baltic Sea was investigated. A 4-keto-myxoxanthophyll-like pigment was found in 2 strains of the toxic Nodularia spumigena isolated from the SE Baltic Sea. Strains of Aphanizomenon sp. and Anabaena lemmermannii did not contain this rarely observed pigment. The 4-keto-myxoxanthophyll-like pig- ment was also found in samples taken during intense blooms of N. spumigena and was found to be cor- related with the concentration of the algal toxin nodularin (r = 0.97). N. spumigena could be detected by the 4-keto-myxoxanthophyll-like pigment at very low abundances by HPLC, i.e. down to 0.4 µg chlorophyll a (chl a) l -1 . As it is rapid, very sensitive and objective, this method can be used for early warning of toxic blooms of cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea. CHEMTAX software was used to estimate the contribution of cyanobacteria species as well as other algal classes present to total chl a.
EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION ON MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND EFFICIENCY OF in situ PILOT-SCALE PASSIVE SULFATE-REDUCING BIOREACTORS TREATING ACID MINE DRAINAGE

i TABLE OF CONTENTS . ii LIST OF TABLES. iii LIST OF FIGURES.iv CHAPTERS CHAPTER 1 – Introduction . 1 CHAPTER 2 – Materials and Methods . 12 CHAPTER 3 – Results . 26 CHAPTER 4 – Discussion . 59 REFERENCES . 74 APPENDICES Appendix A Flourescent in situ hybridization raw data . 82 Appendix B Flourescent in situ hybridization statistics . 85 VITA . 86
SAPELENIN E AND F: NEW ACYCLIC TRITERPENOIDS FROM THE STEM BARK OF ENTANDROPHRAGMA CYLINDRICUM

New acyclic triterpenoids, sapelenin E ( 1 ) and F ( 2 ) were isolated from the stem bark of Entandrophragma cylindricum . Their full structure including absolute configuration in sapelenin E ( 1 ) were determine from spectroscopic data and by chemical transformation. KEY WORDS: Entandrophragma cylindricum , Sapelenin, Meliaceae, Acyclic triterpenoids Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2005, 19(2), 227-231.
Competition, product safety, and product liability

A firm's incentive to invest in product safety is affected by both the market environment and the liability when its product causes consumer harm. A long-standing question in law and economics is whether competition can (partially) substitute for product liability in motivating firms to improve product safety. We investigate this issue in a spatial model of oligopoly with product differentiation, where reputation provides a market incentive for product safety and higher product liability may distort consumers' incentive for proper product care. We find that partial liability, together with reputation concerns, can motivate firms to make socially desirable safety investment. Increased competition due to less product differentiation lowers equilibrium market price, which diminishes a firm's gain from maintaining reputation and raises the socially desirable product liability. On the other hand, an increase in the number of competitors reduces both the benefit from maintaining reputation and the potential cost savings from cutting back safety investment; consequently, the optimal liability may vary non-monotonically with the number of competitors in the market. In general, therefore, the relationship between competition and product liability is subtle, depending on how competition is measured.
Evaluation of Listeria monocytogenes Populations during the Manufacture and Vacuum-Packaged Storage of Kashar Cheese

Cetinkaya F. , G.E. Soyutemiz: Evaluation of Listeria monocytogenes Populations during the Manufacture and Vacuum-Packaged Storage of Kashar Cheese. Acta Vet Brno 76, 2007: 143-148. Behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes was investigated during the manufacture and storage of Kashar cheese. For this purpose, pasteurized milk was inoculated at four different levels varying between 3 to 6 log cfu·ml -1 with the pathogen and its survival was determined in milk, coagulum, curd and cheese received from the production steps and at the 1 st and 7 th days of the storage. The heat treatment process applied after curd acidification step at 75 °C for 5 min was the most efficient barrier and greatly influenced the viability of the bacteria. Nevertheless this step was not enough to destroy all the bacteria especially when inoculated > 3 log cfu·ml -1 levels. For all the groups, this stage resulted in approximately 3 log decrease. Storage at 6 ± 1 °C had no influence on the viability and the count of pathogen remained nearly constant throughout storage. Results of this study indicate that neither production steps nor storage at 6 ± 1 °C for 7 days in vacuum packages was enough to eliminate L. monocytogenes in Kashar cheese particularly if the initial level was high. Thus, in addition to the pasteurization process, hygienic measures should be taken into account to avoid possible secondary contaminations. Kashar cheese, inoculum, Listeria monocytogenes, survival
Numerical Simulation of turbulent Flow Over a Cavity Master's Thesis

Cavity flow and control of these flows have been of great importance for military as well as civil applications. Modern aircraft with internal carriage of weapon require active flow control techniques to ensure the structural integrity by limiting the open bay acoustic resonance and efficient payload deployment. To implement these techniques it is important to understand the flow features and identify the source of resonance. Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) is carried out for subsonic flow (M = 0.85) over a three dimensional cavity with Reynolds number based of cavity length equal to 7 × 10. A good comparison with the available experimental data for the similar configuration validates the DES results. Special attention is paid towards the prediction of unsteady pressure fluctuations and mixing layer and the resulting tonal modes due to their interaction. Furthermore, the instantaneous and mean flow structures inside the cavity are compared with the available Large Eddy Simulation (LES) data, showing a good agreement with slight deviation at the leading edge of the cavity. The Sound Pressure Level (SPL) comparison on cavity floor points show a good match between DES and experimental results and also capturing the tonal modes. The Overall Sound Pressure (OASPL) distribution is slightly overestimated (with maximum difference equal to 1.5dB) by the DES. It is also observed that the self sustained oscillations related to the tonal modes are independent of the stream-wise location in the cavity. The correlation analysis of the cavity floor points reveal that the low frequencies are more correlated to the pressure fluctuations in these locations.
Photoionising feedback and the star formation rates in galaxies

Aims. We investigate the effects of ionising photons on accretion and stellar mass growth in a young star forming region, using a Monte Carlo radiation transfer code coupled to a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation. Methods. We introduce the framework with which we correct stellar cluster masses for the effects of photoionising (PI) feedback and compare to the results of a full ionisation hydrodynamics code. Results. We present results of our simulations of star formation in the spiral arm of a disk galaxy, including the effects of photoionising radiation from high mass stars. We find that PI feedback reduces the total mass accreted onto stellar clusters by ≈23% over the course of the simulation and reduces the number of high mass clusters, as well as the maximum mass attained by a stellar cluster. Mean star
Effects of Salinity on Germination, Seedling Growth and Ecological Properties of Phragmites australis Communities in the Estuary of the Chikugogawa River, Southwestern Japan

Salt tolerance of Phragmites australis populations was investigated in natural reed habitats in the estuary of the Chikugogawa River, southwestern Japan. P. australis populations were selected along the salinity gradient in the estuary, including limnetic (salinity 0.05%), oligohaline (0.4%) and polyhaline sections (2.5%). The ratio of Total-P/Total-N of river water showed high values in the oligohaline section and the above ground biomass, population height and culm diameter of P. australis showed maximum values in this section. Sufficient phosphorus supply could sustain the high productivity of the community in the oligohaline section, irrespective of the salinity of inundated water. The seed production of P. australis was lowest in the polyhaline section. Thus, the ecological performance of P. australis was highest in the oligohaline section and the performance declined with the increasing salinity of the habitat. The effects of salinity on germination and seedling growth were evaluated by means of cultivation in 0.0% -5.0% (NaCl w/w%) salinity medium. Seeds of P. australis collected from every natural population in the estuary failed to germinate at salinity levels above 2.3%. Growth of shoot length and above-ground biomass of seedlings germinated in the fresh water medium were measured for 21 days’ exposure to constant salinity solutions ranging from 0.0% -5.0%. Although mortality was high at salinity levels 3.5% and 5.0%, elongation of shoots of some plants was evident at a salinity level of 5.0%. Seeds from the population in the limnetic section never germinated at a salinity of 3.5%, whereas seedlings obtained from the seeds of the same population germinated in freshwater conditions grew under a salinity of 3.5%. Thus, P. australis seedlings have higher salt tolerance compared to that during the germination stage of the seeds. In this study, it is clarified that P. australis has low salt tolerance during the germination stage and then it acquires salt tolerance during the stage of seedling growth.
Phylogenetic Relationships within the Genus Holothuria Inferred from 16 S Mitochondiral rRNA Gene Sequences

This study aimed to resolve the taxonomic status of a morphologically undetermined sea cucumber species of order Apodida from Malaysia (GenBank accession no.: FJ223867) using partial 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences and subsequently to determine the validity of morphological taxonomy of Holothuria species into its current subgenera. The undetermined species clustered with all taxa of Holothuria in previous study. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods suggest that the undetermined species was genetically closer to Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis and Holothuria (Acanthotrapeza) coluber; and its position in both phylogenetic trees further suggests its status as a Holothuria taxon. Subgenera of Holothuria, Merthensiothuria and Metriatyla are monophyletic with strong bootstrap supports and posterior probabilities of clades, thus strengthening their morphological taxonomies. Nonetheless, the non-monophyly of subgenera of Halodeima, Microthele and Platyperona suggests a requirement for their taxonomic revisions using integrative taxonomy. The status of Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis subgroups in the maximum parsimony and Bayesian trees is indistinct and further taxonomic revisions are necessary. In terms of sister relationship, both phylogenetic trees suggest that subgenus Holothuria is a sister taxon of subgenus Roweothuria while the other sister relationships were unclear due to the undetermined species, paraphyly and polyphyly of a number of subgenera. Further studies with more specimens of genus Holothuria from broader geographical locations and various mtDNA genes along with morphological approaches may facilitate to provide better insights into the molecular phylogeny of subgenera of Holothuria.
Megavoltage X-Ray Imaging Based on Cerenkov Effect: A New Application of Optical Fibres to Radiation Therapy

A Monte Carlo simulation was used to study imaging and dosimetric characteristics of a novel design of megavoltage (MV) X-ray detectors for radiotherapy applications. The new design uses Cerenkov effect to convert X-ray energy absorbed in optical fibres into light for MV X-ray imaging. The proposed detector consists of a matrix of optical fibres aligned with the incident X rays and coupled to an active matrix flat-panel imager (AMFPI) for image readout. Properties, such as modulation transfer function, detection quantum efficiency (DQE), and energy response of the detector, were investigated. It has been shown that the proposed detector can have a zero-frequency DQE more than an order of magnitude higher than that of current electronic portal imaging device (EPID) systems and yet a spatial resolution comparable to that of video-based EPIDs. The proposed detector is also less sensitive to scattered X rays from patients than current EPIDs.
Productivity in natural and artificial habitats in brackish water systems: an example from Aphanius fasciatus populations

1 - Venice Lagoon is characterized by many different shallow-water habitats, where salt marshes represent important habitats for many nektonic species. On the other side, small lagoon islands show a typical landscape dominated by agricultural gardens and orchards, that still host small ditches once used in traditional fishery activities but now abandoned. 2 - Aims of this study is to determine the productivity of these habitats for the nektonic community, referring to the small teleost Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821), listed in Annex II of ‘Habitat’ Directive 92/43/CEE. 3 - One year monthly samplings were performed in four sites: two natural salt marshes and two systems of artificial ditches. All collected fish were photographed and then released. Only a sub-sample was preserved for laboratory analysis. 4 - Data show that artificial habitats host higher biomass of A. fasciatus, yielding higher secondary production respect to natural salt marshes, while P:B ratios vary in accordance to different environmental features and the related life history strategies adopted by the four populations. 5 - Results of this study highlight the relevance of these artificial habitats in the conservation of an important resident fish species.
Dependence Structure and Hedging of U.S. Spot and Futures Markets in Financial Crisis

The main objective of this study is to measure appropriately the dependence structure and optimal hedge ratio of U.S. spot and futures markets in financial crisis. In much empirical literature it has been demonstrated that linear Pearson correlation is not an appropriate dependence measure for non-normal distributions. This inadequacy of correlation requires an appropriate dependence measure: the copula. Copula modeling has become an increasingly popular tool in finance to model assets returns dependency as it can overcome the limitations of correlation when extreme losses occurred. The contribution of this paper is in two aspects. First, an appropriate copula function is discovered to capture the dependence structure of S&P 500 spot and futures in financial crisis adequately. Second, Gumbel copula function is exploited, with threshold GARCH model as marginals, to construct a Gumbel copula-threshold-GARCH model to estimate the optimal hedge ratio, simultaneously capturing asymmetric nonlinear behaviour in univariate returns of spot and futures markets and bivariate dependency.
Comparison between Lingual and Labial Orthodontics Based on Treatment of overbite by Using Rocking Chair Arch Wire-A Biomechanical Study

Background Lingual orthodontics (LiO) has developed rapidly in recent years and research on treatment of overbite by using Rocking Chair Arch (RCA) wire of different curve depths is still limited, especially with 3-dimensional Finite Element (FE) models. The main objectives are to study the biomechanical differences in maxillary anterior teeth between lingual and labial orthodontics and observe the lingual mechanics on different inclinations of teeth. Methods The force produced by Nickel-Titanium, Stainless Steel (SS) RCA for both sides was measured using Electromechanical Universal Testing Machine. 6 FE models were constructed and divided into 2 groups according to SS wire of 0.016x0. 022-inch standard and mushroom arch shaped RCA of curve depth 2, 4, 6 mm. Additional 9 FE models were constructed and divided into 3 groups based on Retroclination (-5°, -10°) and Proclination (+10°). Results Use of same diameter of SS RCA with same curve depth but on different sides shows more stress and strain, displacement of teeth in lingual mechanics. Also, stress-strain, displacement increased with increasing RCA curve depth. In LiO, intrusion of normally inclined or proclined teeth are accompanied by little or no labial tipping whereas that of retroclined teeth is accompanied by further lingual tipping. Conclusion In the intrusion using Lingual RCA, to avoid the traumatic force to teeth, the curve depth should be lesser than Labial RCA or apply more elastic arch material; Aligning different inclined teeth into normal inclination firstly and proceed with the application of intrusive force can be the best approach.
In-vitro Antihistaminic and Antispasmodic Study of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum L.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in-vitro antihistaminic and anti-spasmodic activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum L. by using isolated goat tracheal chain and chicken ileum preparation. The cumulative concentration response to histamine and Acetyl choline in the absence and presence of aqueous extract were recorded with a kymograph. The aqueous extract decreases the goat tracheal contraction and ileum contractions induced by histamine and Acetyl choline in dose dependent manner as compared with standard drug Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Atropine sulphate respectively. This revealed that aqueous extract of leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum L possess a high degree of antihistaminic and spasmolytic activity by blocking histaminic and cholinergic receptors.
Physicians’ Life Satisfaction in Bhutan: A Nationwide Survey

Objectives: Bhutan was the first country to invest in “gross national happiness”. Health care professionals usually report higher levels of happiness. In the last decade many physicians were reportedly dissatisfied with their lives and careers: “unhappy physicians”. We aimed to assess levels of happiness amongst Bhutanese physicians. Methods: Bhutanese physicians endorsed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and a demographic questionnaire. Results: Of 176 physicians in Bhutan, 110 physicians completed the survey: 25.5% women and 74.5% men. Mean age was 36.9 years. Mean SWLS score for all physicians was 23.5 ± 6.9. Conclusions: Only two thirds (66.5%) of the Bhutanese physicians who have participated in this study were satisfied with life, which was significantly lower than rate in the Bhutanese general population or among Israeli Physicians participating in a similar study.
Physicochemical properties, vitamins, antioxidant activities and amino acid composition of ginger spiced maize snack ‘kokoro’ enriched with soy flour (a Nigeria based snack)

Blends of white maize, ginger powder (white and yellow) and soy flour were prepared at the following ratio of white maize 97%: yellow ginger 3% (WM /YG); white maize 97%: white ginger 3% (WM/WG); white maize 87%: soy bean 10%: yellow ginger 3% (WM/S/YG); white maize 87%: soy bean 10%: white ginger 3% (WM/S/WG), white maize 90%: soybean 10% (WM/S), white maize 100% (WM) control. As result revealed protein content, energy value, ash contents of ginger spiced ‘kokoro’ improved significantly with the addition of ginger spice and or soy flour compared with the control. The mineral composition of ginger spiced ‘kokoro’, increased significantly at p < 0.05 especially with WM/S. Addition of ginger and or soy improves the vitamin A and C content of ginger spiced ‘kokoro’, WM/S/YG had the highest vitamin A. while WM/S/WG had the highest Vitamin C content as compared with the control (WM). Result revealed that WM/S/YG displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging actives. Significant (p < 0.05) improvement was observed in the amino acid content of the ginger spiced ‘kokoro’. The addition of ginger powder and or soy flour decreases the load at break (N), compressed Extension at Break (mm), and the energy at break (J) of the ginger spiced ‘kokoro’.
Mobile Probes as an explorative method as well as a tool for reflection : A case of designing a smartphone application for Master ’ s thesis students

As part of a project aiming at designing a smartphone application for students writing their Master’s thesis, Mobile Probes were used as a method to gain knowledge about thesis writing students’ day-to-day life and their work processes. The conducted probe did generate insights into students’ daily routines. However, it also proved to have a value beyond the study. Participants in the probe reported how the questions of the probe led them to reflect on their thesis writing practices and in a few cases even develop them, and we suggest that this reflective aspect of the probe should be integrated into the smartphone application. General Terms: Design