Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF FAMILY AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS ON 4TH GRADE STUDENTS’ SELF-CONFIDENCE IN READING LITERACY: RESULTS FROM PIRLS 2016

The self-confidence of a child and an adult is associated with performance and achievement results. It is well-studied, and the correlation has been proved that higher selfefficacy leads to higher achievements and performance, including better performance in reading literacy. It is also known that both a family and a home environment have a tremendous impact on the child’s development and academic performance. This article focuses on the 4thgraders and their family factor impact on the development of a child’s self-confidence and concepts related to self-confidence. The purpose of this article is to define concepts that are closely related to self-confidence and to identify family factors that influence students’ self-confidence. The research question is as follows: which family and individual factors impact students’ self-confidence in reading? Authors of the article used a linear regression and correlation analysis of the data from the IEA’s PIRLS 2016 study. The data from Latvia and seven countries of comparison were analysed. The results of data analysis showed that, in general, the 4th graders’ self-confidence in reading literacy is higher if they come from a household where a computer or a tablet with Internet connection is available and if students like to chat using a mobile device. Parents’ attitudes to reading and the students’ readiness for 1st grade promote higher self-confidence as well.
The effect of financial, macroeconomic and sentimental factors on stock market volatility

The aim of this paper is to find economic factors that could be helpful in explaining the market’s shifts between periods of prosperity and crisis. The study took into account the main stock indices from developed markets of the USA, Germany and Great Britain, and from two emerging markets, i.e. Poland and Turkey. The analysis confirms the existence of two different states of volatility in these markets, namely the state with a positive returns’ mean and low volatility, and the state with a negative or insignificant mean and high volatility. The Markov-switching model with a dynamic probability matrix was applied in the study. The subject of the analysis was the impact of domestic and global factors, such as VIX and TED spread, oil prices, sentiment indices (ZEW), and macroeconomic indices (unemployment, longterm interest rate, CPI), on the probability of switching between the states. The authors concluded that in all the examined countries, changes in long-term interest rates have an influence on market returns. However, the direction of this impact is different for developed and emerging markets. As regards developed markets, high prices of oil, 10-year bonds, and the ZEW index can suggest a high probability of the countries remaining in the first state, whereas an increase in the VIX index and the TED spread significantly reduces the probability of staying in this state. The other studied factors proved to be rather local in nature.
Novel Pervaporation Membranes Based on Biopolymer Sodium Alginate Modified by FeBTC for Isopropanol Dehydration

Modern society strives for the development of sustainable processes that are aimed at meeting human needs while preserving the environment. Membrane technologies satisfy all the principles of sustainability due to their advantages, such as cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, absence of additional reagents and ease of use compared to traditional separation methods. In the present work, novel green membranes based on sodium alginate (SA) modified by a FeBTC metal–organic framework were developed for isopropanol dehydration using a membrane process, pervaporation. Two kinds of SA-FeBTC membranes were developed: (1) untreated membranes and (2) cross-linked membranes with citric acid or phosphoric acid. The structural and physicochemical properties of the developed SA-FeBTC membranes were studied by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR and NMR), microscopic methods (SEM and AFM), thermogravimetric analysis and swelling experiments. The transport properties of developed SA-FeBTC membranes were studied in the pervaporation of water–isopropanol mixtures. Based on membrane transport properties, 15 wt % FeBTC was demonstrated to be the optimal content of the modifier in the SA matrix for the membrane performance. A membrane based on SA modified by 15 wt % FeBTC and cross-linked with citric acid possessed optimal transport properties for the pervaporation of the water–isopropanol mixture (12–100 wt % water): 174–1584 g/(m2 h) permeation flux and 99.99 wt % water content in the permeate.
RIPENING MANAGEMENT AND POSTHARVEST FRUIT QUALITY

Fruit ripening is a highly regulated process with coordinated genetic and metabolic events, leading to essential changes in gene expression, physiology, biochemistry and anatomy. These complex regulatory events transform a physiologically mature but inedible fruit into an edible, tasty product. Innovations in CA technology like dynamic controlled atmospheres (DCA) and/or the use of the chemical ethylene inhibitor (1-MCP) are new tools for the enhancement and preservation of quality and health promoting components in climacteric fruit. Dynamic CA, with non-destructive monitoring systems based either on ethanol concentration or chlorophyll fluorescence allows the use of oxygen atmospheres during storage that are close to the lowest tolerance limits for fruit without inducing excessive anaerobic metabolism. In contrast to other available technologies, 1-MCP has the potential to control ethylene action by blocking the ethylene receptors and thereby maintaining fruit quality, and avoiding specific storage disorders not only in storage but also during marketing and shelf-life. Sensory investigations and consumer expectation surveys have confirmed that aroma, firmness, crispiness and juiciness are the most relevant sensory traits. Ripening regulation by modern storage technology shows great benefits in terms of texture, total soluble solids (TSS) and acidity but often hampers aroma formation mainly depending on the at-harvest ripening stage of the fruit. In future, postharvest researchers will be challenged to meet consumer requirements with fruit that is well flavoured and nutritious.
Understanding tourists’ protection motivations when faced with overseas travel after COVID-19: the case of South Koreans travelling to China

ABSTRACT COVID-19, as a global public health crisis, represents a major concern for international tourism. This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on international tourists’ self-protection motivations, and the role of mass media in this process. Protection motivation theory (PMT) was adopted as the guiding theoretical framework, and mass media coverage was integrated into the model as a moderating construct. Online survey data were collected to explain and predict the protection motivation of potential tourists from South Korea travelling to China under the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed to examine the significant factors that could evoke self-protection motivation. Results indicate that respondents’ perceptions of the severity of the pandemic and self-efficacy as a coping strategy have the greatest impact on self-protection motivations. Furthermore, positive mass media coverage moderates the relationship between self-efficacy and self-protection motivation, while negative mass media coverage moderates the relationship between vulnerability and self-protection motivation. Theoretical and practical implications on how to encourage travel in a post-pandemic period are discussed.
Evaluating the predictive factors affecting outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective observational study

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major burden with approximately 10 million annual victims reported on the health care system throughout the world. TBI is defined as ‘an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force’. A severe TBI is defined by a Glasgow coma score (GCS) score of 8 or less during the first post traumatic day. It is a neurosurgical emergency and timely intervention is critical for favorable outcome. In addition to the impact of TBI on the individual, it can negatively impact families, communities, and the economy. Its outcome prediction is paramount in clinical decision making, counselling relatives and targeted use of limited healthcare resources in developing countries like India. Although several prognostic models have been developed, the accurate assessment of short term and long-term prognosis of severe TBI needs further evaluation. A number of factors are believed to influence the outcome of TBI patients including age, gender, GCS, intracranial pressure (ICP), pupillary size and ABSTRACT
The Anatomy of moral agency: A theological and neuroscience inspired model of virtue ethics

VirtuosA (‘virtuous algorithm’) is introduced, a model in which artificial intelligence (AI) systems learn ethical behaviour based on a framework adapted from Christian philosopher Dallas Willard and brought together with associated neurobiological structures and broader systems thinking. To make the inquiry concrete, the authors present a simple example scenario that illustrates how a robot might acquire behaviour akin to the virtue of kindness that can be attributed to humans. References to philosophical work by Peter Sloterdijk help contextualise Willard’s virtue ethics framework. The VirtuosA architecture can be implemented using state ‐ of ‐ the ‐ art computing practices and plausibly redescribes several con-crete scenarios implemented from the computing literature and exhibits broad coverage relative to other work in ethical AI. Strategies are described for using the model for systems evaluation —particularly the role of ‘embedded evaluation’ within the system—and its broader application as a meta ‐ ethical device is discussed.
Effects of Nitric Oxide On The Growth of The Marine Microalgae And The Parameters of Carbonate Chemistry

Nitric oxide (NO) is a non-traditional regulator for the growth of plant and phytoplankton. This study monitored the growth of five marine phytoplankton species, namely, Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis, Platymonas subcordiformis, Skeletonema costatum, Gymnodinium sp. , and Prorocentrum donghaiense, and examined the parameters of the carbonate system in the culture media after adding different concentrations of NO and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) solutions. The different concentrations of exogenous NO had various roles in the growth of these microalgae. The two food algae,namely, P. helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis, P. subcordiformis, and three red tide algae, namely S. costatum, Gymnodinium sp. , and P. donghaiense showed different responses to the same NO concentration. The red tide algae were more sensitive to exogenous NO than the food algae. NO with the concentration of 1.4 × 10− 6 mol L− 1 had the optimum stimulatory effect on the growth of the microalgae, the cell density increased by 9.8 ~ 38.3%. SNP solution with the concentration of 100 µmol L− 1 inhibited the growth of the two food algae, the cell density decreased by 38.8 ~ 84.3%. Meanwhile, 10 µmol L− 1 SNP solution additions to the three red tide algae declined the cell density by 95.3 ~ 99.9%. Low concentrations of SNP (0.1 µmol L− 1 for the two food algae and 0.01 µmol L− 1 for the red tide algae) promoted the growth of microalgae slightly. Different concentrations of exogenous NO could also influence parameters of the carbonate system in the culture media. NO participates in the regulation of marine microalgae photosynthesis, which may influence the parameters of carbonate system.
IMPLEMENTASI DEEP LEARNING FLOWER SCANNER MENGGUNAKAN METODE CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK

Bunga atau kembang adalah alat reproduksi seksual pada tumbuhan berbunga. Pada bunga terdapat organ reproduksi, yaitu benang sari dan putik. Pada beberapa spesies, bunga majemuk dapat dianggap awam sebagai bunga (tunggal), ada sekitar 391.000 spesies tanaman vaskular yang saat ini diketahui sains, dimana sekitar 369.000 spesies (atau 94 persen) adalah tanaman berbunga. Klasifikasi jenis bunga merupakan pekerjaan yang membutuhkan waktu dan pengetahuan. Perkembangan visi komputer memungkinkan otomatisasi klasifikasi jenis bunga dengan efisien dan akurat. Deep Learning merupakan cabang ilmu machine learning berbasis Jaringan Saraf Tiruan (JST) atau bisa dikatakan sebagai perkembangan dari JST. Dalam Deep Learning, sebuah komputer belajar mengklasifikasi secara langsung dari gambar atau suara. Dengan menggunakan teknologi Deep Learning yang merupakan salah satu bidang ilmu baru dalam Machine learning dan berkembang dengan sangat pesat. Deep Learning memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam Computer Vision, yaitu Image Classification atau kalsifikasi objek pada citra dalam bentuk dua dimensi misalnya gambar dan suara. Hasil final test accuracy yang diperoleh yaitu didapat keakuratan sebesar 100% dengan salah satu hasil pengujian yaitu klasifikasi bunga mawar dengan akurasi sebesar 99,30%. Model data latih menggunakan dengan total dataset 460 gambar (yang diambil melalui pencarian gambar pada Google Image) sebanyak 30 kali dilatih, di mana setiap 13 langkah terhitung 1 training. Sehingga menghasilkan keluaran nilai akurasi dari data yang telah dilatih (val_acc) dan nilai akurasi dari data yang hilang atau miss (val_loss). Diharapkan dengan adanya implementasi aplikasi ini dapat membantu pengguna untuk memelihara bunga hias dengan jenis sesuai dengan keinginan.
Seasonal and Interannual Variations in the Surface Energy Fluxes of a Rice–Wheat Rotation in Eastern China

Quantitative knowledge of the water and energy exchanges in agroecosystems is vital for irrigation management and modeling crop production. In this study, the seasonal and annual variabilities of evapotranspiration (ET) and energy exchanges were investigated under two different crop environments—flooded and aerobic soil conditions—using three years (June 2014–May 2017) of eddy covariance observations over a rice–wheat rotation in eastern China. Across the whole rice–wheat rotation, the average daily ET rates in the rice paddies and wheat fields were 3.6 and 2.4 mm day−1, respectively. The respective average seasonal ET rates were 473 and 387 mm for rice and wheat fields, indicating a higher water consumption for rice than for wheat. Averaging for the three cropping seasons, rice paddies had 52% more latent heat flux than wheat fields, whereas wheat had 73% more sensible heat flux than rice paddies. This resulted in a lower Bowen ratio in the rice paddies (0.14) than in the wheat fields (0.4). Because eddy covariance observations of turbulent heat fluxes are typically less than the available energy (Rn − G; i.e., net radiation minus soil heat flux), energy balance closure (EBC) therefore does not occur. For rice, EBC was greatest at the vegetative growth stages (mean: 0.90) after considering the water heat storage, whereas wheat had its best EBC at the ripening stages (mean: 0.86).
R&D Investment, Financial and Environmental Performance Nexuses via Bootstrap Fourier Quantiles Granger Causality Test

This study investigated the relationship between R&D investments and financial and environmental performance. The direction, size, and significance of various phases of these variables were generated using the bootstrap Fourier quantiles Granger causality test. In our results, a positive relationship between R&D investment and CO2 emission reductions was found at two tails of quantiles. Additionally, we observed a significantly positive relationship between financial performance and CO2 emission reductions at the 0.5 quantile and above. The correlation between R&D investment and financial performance was identified to be positive under the 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.9 quantiles and negative under the 0.5 and 0.6 quantiles. The changing linkages among R&D investment, environmental performance and financial performance found in this study provide important information for policy makers, aiding in the development of R&D strategies to upgrade financial and environmental performance simultaneously.
Friendship quality and ethnocultural boys: An exploratory evaluation of the WiseGuyz Program

Tier 1 school mental health programs for middle school youth often focus on healthy relationships promotion. However, the vast majority of these programs take a gender ‐ and race ‐ neutral approach (i.e., content that does not focus on the way that gender, race, and ethnicity intersect to shape relationships and mental health). Embedding these intersections into Tier 1 programs is critical to equitably advancing mental health for middle school youth. This article specifically explores associations between participation in a Tier 1 gender ‐ transformative healthy relationships program and friendship quality for Ethnocultural boys. Data were drawn from 278 White and Ethnocultural boys who participated in the program in 2016 – 2017 or 2017 – 2018 in a Western Canadian province. Data were analyzed using three ‐ level multilevel models. In these data, we found that Ethnocultural boys who participated in WiseGuyz reported improved friendship quality with their closest same ‐ sex friend following the end of the program. We also found that Ethnocultural boys who reported a positive change in male role embedding equity into Tier 1 school mental health programming through a specific focus on intersections between gender, race, and ethnicity. pre ‐ to post ‐ to and satisfaction) from pre ‐ to post ‐ test. emotional restriction friendship in particular emotional support, and
First-principles study on the electronic structure of Thiophenbithiol (TBT) on Au(100) surface

First principle calculations were performed using Density functional theory within the local spin density approximation (LSDA) to understand the electronic properties of Au(100)+TBT system and compare the results with Au(100) and bulk Au properties. Band structure, the total DOS and charge density for these materials are calculated. We found that the HOMO for Au(100)+TBT becomes broader than Au(100) and bulk Au and d orbitals have the most contribution in covalent band. The electron densities overlap between Au atoms implies a large covalent bonding. Our calculations indicate that conjugated systems such as (TBT) enhance electric conductance.
On the nexus between economic growth and bank-based financial development: evidence from Morocco

ABSTRACT In this paper, we investigate the causal link between bank-based financial development and economic growth in Morocco between 2003 and 2018 using a vector autoregression framework. We test for causality between economic growth and four different measures of bank-based financial development in both the short and the long run. Our results show that bank-based financial development causes economic growth in the short and the long run. Moreover, our results show that economic growth only causes bank-based financial development in the long run. At last, we show that the Moroccan banking sector’s integration with the international financial markets only affects the causal link between economic growth and bank-based financial development by providing short-run liquidity to Moroccan banks. Based on these results, barriers to the financial development of the Moroccan banking sector should be investigated and public policy should focus on designing appropriate policies and programs to alleviate these barriers in order to stimulate the growth of the Moroccan economy.
Semi‐continuous gas‐liquid catalyzed reaction of o‐phenylene diamine and carbon disulfide by tertiary amines

Abstract A semi‐continuous reactor was used to carry out the catalyzed reaction of o‐phenylene diamine and carbon disulfide to synthesize 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) in a gas‐phase/alkaline solution two‐phase medium. Tertiary amines, which are relatively less expensive than quaternary ammonium salts, were used as the catalysts to promote the reaction rate. In addition, gas‐phase carbon disulfide of higher temperature was introduced into the reactor to react. The main advantage of the present system is that the reaction can be carried out at a relatively higher temperature in the semi‐continuous reactor. Also, the reaction is carried out at a higher rate in the absence of potassium hydroxide. Carbon disulfide, which is first dissolved in the organic phase, reacts with tertiary amine in the organic‐phase solution to produce an active intermediate (R3N‐CS2). Second, this active intermediate (R3N‐CS2) further reacts with o‐phenylene diamine to produce the desired product MBI. Based on the experimental observation, a reaction mechanism is proposed, and a kinetic model, which considers the two‐step reaction is developed. A pseudo‐first order rate law is sufficient to describe the reaction. The effects of the reaction conditions, including the amount of tertiary amines (TEA, TPA and TBA) and ammonia (NH3), agitation speed, initial concentration of carbon disulfide, flow rate of gas phase, amount of o‐phenylene diamine and temperature, on the apparent rate constant (kapp) are investigated in detail.
The important role of customer bonding capability to increase marketing performance in small and medium enterprises

Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop the concept of customer bonding capability in the small and medium enterprise. Empirical research was conducted to explain how marketing performance can be improved through customer bonding capability. Considering the number and role of small and medium businesses in Indonesia is increasing. Results revealed that customer bonding capability functions as an intervention between relational capital and marketing performance. Relationship capital, integrated marketing communication and adequate market information have a significant positive effect on customer bonding capability and marketing performance. Managerial implication: salespeople can develop networks that provide mutual benefits, developing closer family ties, developing continual cooperation with customers and sharing experiences with customers who can improve salesperson’s performance. There is no dynamic interaction between researchers and respondents because this research design is cross-sectional. To generate dynamic interactions, longitudinal research data were needed to add deeper insights to sales. Research on customer bonding capability needs to be done because there is still much that is not understood. This customer bonding capability is the development of relationship marketing theory. Thus an empirical research model is needed to develop customer bonding capability.