Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of a Trapezoidal Microchannel for Hydrodynamic Detachment of Cells

Abstract: Hydrodynamic shear force along the bottom microchannel wall has been utilized in cell adhesion studies to detach cells in microfluidic channels. Due to the small dimensions of microfluidic channels, the shear stress produced in a conventional microchannel is dependent mainly on the fluid velocity and channel height. The wall shear force magnitude increases as the channel height is reduced. However, a reduced channel height decreases the sample volume to be contained in the fluidic channel and also increases the pressure drop significantly which may fail the fluidic device. In this study, a novel microchannel with a trapezoidal structure was investigated using computational fluid dynamics simulations. The key fluidic properties, including wall shear stress, sample volume, and pressure drop of the trapezoidal microchannel are compared with those of a conventional straight channel with a reduced channel height. We found the trapezoidal structure produces a wall shear stress of 5 Pa in the region of interest similar to that of the straight channel with a small channel height (50 μm) while having less than 30 percent pressure drop. Additionally, the pressure drop can be reduced by modifying the geometry of the trapezoidal channel to minimize pressure loss.
Formal Description of Dew Computing

—Dew Computing is a speciﬁc cloud-related computing architecture that brings the computing closer to the user. Two main features of the dew computing include independence of external systems and collaboration with other cloud servers, making it an environment that can work in two modes, localized mode where all the services are provided within the internal local network perimeter and global mode, where it functions just as an intermediate device in the client-server cloud model. This article presents a formal description of dew computing as a service model and deﬁnes its two main operating modes with mathematical modeling functions.
Constant rate allocation in nymphal development in species of Hemiptera

Abstract. This study investigated the existence of rate isomorphy (the constant allocation of relative times to different stages of development under different abiotic conditions) in Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae; a phytophagous and predatory insect). Replicated data were used from a range of temperatures regarding (i) the developmental period of each nymphal stage in relation to the total duration of nymph development, when feeding on three host plants either with different prey species or without prey, and (ii) its egg, total nymphal and preoviposition period, on two host plants, with different prey species. The proportion of time required for the development of each nymphal stage of M. pygmaeus is not different among the temperatures or the kind of food available. These proportions ranged among the different host plants, temperatures and prey presence/absence from 17.3–21.8% in the first, 14.5–18.8% in the second, 14.2–18.3% in the third, 16.5–21.0% in the fourth and from 25.4–30.6% in the fifth nymphal stage. Thus, temperature does not significantly affect the proportion of time spent in each nymphal stage and rate isomorphy exists in nymphal development. This phenomenon was also investigated using data from the literature, and it also occurs in several other Hemiptera species. Therefore, there appears to be a constant time allocation in the nymphal development of the higher taxonomic groups of insects. However, for M. pygmaeus, rate isomorphy does not hold when considering egg‐to‐egg development and the relative duration of times to egg hatch, total nymphal development and preoviposition period. The ecophysiological implications of this rate isomorphy phenomenon are discussed in relation to endocrinological mechanisms. Apart from its theoretical interest, the existence of rate isomorphy simplifies studies on the rate of development and the estimation of thermal constants of an insect, which are essential for the prediction of insect population dynamics. It is also proposed that the term ‘rate isomorphy’ does not strictly describe the phenomenon, and it is suggested that ‘constant rate allocation’ would be a more suitable term.
MESOSCALE FEATURES OF SEVERE HAILSTORM DAYS CLASSIFIED IN CLUSTERS

The forecast of precipitation using NWP models is an open problem. Different parameterizations used by cloud resolving models provide different scenarios that make the verification of these results a complicated task. In particular, hailstorms are one of the most difficult phenomena to predict and identify, given that they are usually associated with the onset of convection and are highly located in space and time. The characterization of the synoptic particularities of days with hailstorms and the study of their mesoscale characteristics consist of two fundamental stages for the improvement of prediction systems for these phenomena.
High-redshift long gamma-ray bursts Hubble diagram as a test of basic cosmological relations

We examine the prospects of the high-redshift long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) Hubble diagram as a test of the basic cosmological principles. Analysis of the Hubble diagram allows us to test several fundamental cosmological principles using the directly observed flux–distance–redshift relation. Modern LGRBs data together with the correlation between the spectral peak energy and the isotropic equivalent radiated energy (the so-called Amati relation) can be used for construction of the Hubble diagram at the model-independent level. We emphasize observational selection effects, which inevitably exist and distort the theoretically predicted relations. An example is the weak and strong gravitational lensing bias effect for high-redshift LGRB in the presence of limited observational sensitivity (Malmquist bias). After bias correction, there is a tendency to vacuum-dominated models with |$\Omega _\Lambda \rightarrow 0.9$|⁠, Ω_m → 0.1. Forthcoming gamma-ray observations by the Transient High-Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS) space mission together with ground- and space-based multimessenger facilities will allow us to improve essentially the restrictions on alternative basic principles of cosmological models.
The cosmetic crossing conjecture for split links

Given a band sum of a split two-component link along a nontrivial band, we obtain a family of knots indexed by the integers by adding any number of full twists to the band. We show that the knots in this family have the same Heegaard knot Floer homology and the same instanton knot Floer homology. In contrast, a generalization of the cosmetic crossing conjecture predicts that the knots in this family are all distinct. We verify this prediction by showing that any two knots in this family have distinct Khovanov homology. Along the way, we prove that each of the three knot homologies detects the trivial band.
Discovery of a jet from the single HAe/Be star HD 100546

Young accreting stars drive outflows that collimate into jets, which can be seen hundreds of au from their driving sources. Accretion and outflow activity cease with system age, and it is believed that magneto-centrifugally launched disk winds are critical agents in regulating accretion through the protoplanetary disk. Protostellar jets are well studied in classical T Tauri stars (M⋆ ≲ 2 M⊙), while few nearby (d ≲ 150 pc) intermediate-mass stars (M⋆ = 2−10 M⊙), known as Herbig Ae/Be stars, have detected jets. We report VLT/MUSE observations of the Herbig Ae/Be star HD 100546 and the discovery of a protostellar jet. The jet is similar in appearance to jets driven by low-mass stars and compares well with the jet of HD 163296, the only other known optical jet from a nearby Herbig Ae/Be star. We derive a (one-sided) mass-loss rate in the jet of log Ṁjet ∼ −9.5 (in M⊙ yr−1) and a ratio of outflow to accretion of roughly 3 × 10−3, which is lower than that of CTTS jets. The discovery of the HD 100546 jet is particularly interesting because the protoplanetary disk around HD 100546 shows a large radial gap, spiral structure, and might host a protoplanetary system. A bar-like structure previously seen in Hα with VLT/SPHERE shares the jet position angle, likely represents the base of the jet, and suggests a jet-launching region within about 2 au. We conclude that the evolution of the disk at radii beyond a few au does not affect the ability of the system to launch jets.
A Generalised Signature Method for Time Series

The `signature method' refers to a collection of feature extraction techniques for multimodal sequential data, derived from the theory of controlled differential equations. Variations exist as many authors have proposed modifications to the method, so as to improve some aspect of it. Here, we introduce a \emph{generalised signature method} that contains these variations as special cases, and groups them conceptually into \emph{augmentations}, \emph{windows}, \emph{transforms}, and \emph{rescalings}. Within this framework we are then able to propose novel variations, and demonstrate how previously distinct options may be combined. We go on to perform an extensive empirical study on 26 datasets as to which aspects of this framework typically produce the best results. Combining the top choices produces a canonical pipeline for the generalised signature method, which demonstrates state-of-the-art accuracy on benchmark problems in multivariate time series classification.
Algorithms for Computing in Fog Systems: Principles, Algorithms, and Challenges

Fog computing is an architecture that is used to distribute resources such as computing, storage, and memory closer to end-user to improve applications and service deployment. The idea behind fog computing is to improve cloud computing and IoT infrastructures by reducing compute power, network bandwidth, and latency as well as storage requirements. This paper presents an overview of what fog computing is, related concepts, algorithms that are present to improve fog computing infrastructure as well as challenges that exist. This paper shows that there is a great advantage of using fog computing to support cloud and IoT systems.
Quantum garbled circuits

In classical computing, garbled circuits (and their generalization known as randomized encodings) are a versatile cryptographic tool with many applications such as secure multiparty computation, delegated computation, depth-reduction of cryptographic primitives, complexity lower-bounds, and more. Quantum analogues of garbled circuits were not known prior to this work. In this work, we introduce a definition of quantum randomized encodings and present a construction which allows us to efficiently garble any quantum circuit, assuming the existence of quantum-secure one-way functions. Our construction has comparable properties to the best known classical garbling schemes. We can also achieve perfect information-theoretic security albeit with blowup in the size of the garbled circuits. We believe that quantum garbled circuits and quantum randomized encodings can be an instrumental concept and building block for quantum computation and in particular quantum cryptography. We present some applications, including a conceptually-simple zero-knowledge proof system for QMA, a protocol for private simultaneous messages, functional encryption, and more.
Comparative culture experiments with filamentous members of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta) from New Zealand: Insights into ecologic adaptation and biogeography

Gametophyte cultures of seven genetically distinct, filamentous members of the Bangiales were grown under a range of temperatures (10°C, 12°C, 15°C and 20°C) and photoperiods, as well as lowered salinity (5 psu), in order to compare their responses to differing environmental regimes, and to evaluate the utility of a range of morphological, physiological and life history characters for distinguishing these entities. Significant differences in morphological characters such as filament width and cell size were found between some lineages. While these may have some regional diagnostic value, it was concluded that the practical use of these morphometric analyses is limited given the experimental growth period and replication required. The most useful characters for delineating filamentous Bangiales taxa were found to be the germination rates of spores, growth rates of filaments, timing and amount of spore release, and mortality of filaments. Different lineages appear to be adapted to particular environmental conditions, here represented by temperature/photoperiod, and salinity. The results of these comparative culture experiments provide some explanation for the seasonal occurrence and biogeographic distribution of the tested lineages around New Zealand.
JoXSZ: Joint X-SZ fitter for galaxy clusters.

High-resolution observations of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect and of the X-ray emission of galaxy clusters are becoming more and more widespread, offering us an unique asset to the study of the thermodynamic properties of the intracluster medium. We present JoXSZ, a Bayesian forward-modelling Python code designed to jointly fit the SZ data and the three dimensional X-ray data cube. JoXSZ is able to derive the thermodynamic profiles of galaxy clusters for the first time making full and consistent use of all the information contained in the observations. JoXSZ will be publicly available on GitHub in the near future.
EBBINNOT: A Hardware Efficient Hybrid Event-Frame Tracker for Stationary Neuromorphic Vision Sensors

In this paper, we present a hybrid event-frame approach for detecting and tracking objects recorded by a stationary neuromorphic vision sensor (NVS) used in the application of traffic monitoring with a hardware efficient processing pipeline that optimizes memory and computational needs. The usage of NVS gives the advantage of rejecting background while it has a unique disadvantage of fragmented objects due to lack of events generated by smooth areas such as glass windows. To exploit the background removal, we propose an event based binary image (EBBI) creation that signals presence or absence of events in a frame duration. This reduces memory requirement and enables usage of simple algorithms like median filtering and connected component labeling (CCL) for denoise and region proposal (RP) respectively. To overcome the fragmentation issue, a YOLO inspired neural network based detector and classifier (NNDC) to merge fragmented region proposals has been proposed. Finally, a simplified version of Kalman filter, termed overlap based tracker (OT), exploiting overlap between detections and tracks is proposed with heuristics to overcome occlusion. The proposed pipeline is evaluated using more than 5 hours of traffic recordings. Our proposed hybrid architecture outperformed (AUC = $0.45$) Deep learning (DL) based tracker SiamMask (AUC = $0.33$) operating on simultaneously recorded RGB frames while requiring $2200\times$ less computations. Compared to pure event based mean shift (AUC = $0.31$), our approach requires $68\times$ more computations but provides much better performance. Finally, we also evaluated our performance on two different NVS: DAVIS and CeleX and demonstrated similar gains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report where an NVS based solution is directly compared to other simultaneously recorded frame based method and shows tremendous promise.
Review on 3D Lidar Localization for Autonomous Driving Cars

LIDAR sensors are bound to become one the core sensors in achieving full autonomy for self driving cars. LIDARs are able to produce rich, dense and precise spatial data, which can tremendously help in localizing and tracking a moving vehicle. In this paper, we review the latest finding in 3D LIDAR localization for autonomous driving cars, and analyze the results obtained by each method, in an effort to guide the research community towards the path that seems to be the most promising.
STRUCTURE OF THE LATERAL PEDAL DEFENSIVE GLANDS OF TRIMUSCULUS COSTATUS (GASTROPODA: TRIMUSCULIDAE)

When attacked by predators or subjected to mechanical disturbance, trimusculid limpets, like many other marine pulmonates, produce white sticky mucus from glands located in the lateral regions of the headfoot. Histology and electron microscopy were used to describe the structure of the glands of Trimusculus costatus. Based on the histochemistry and appearance of their secretory products, three types of unicellular gland cell were identified. Type 1, which was the most prevalent and largest (up to 200 m � 30 mm), stained positively for neutral mucins only and had a secretory product that was electron-lucent. Types 2 and 3 were smaller (up to 50 mm) and stained positively for acidic, neutral and sulphated mucins as well as protein. The secretory product of Type 2 glands was homogenously electron-dense, whereas that of Type 3 was vesicular and granular in appearance. Each gland releases its contents by holocrine secretion through an opening between the epithelial cells. Unlike other marine pulmonates (Siphonariidae and Onchidellidae), T. costatus does not have large multicellular glands encapsulated in a well-developed muscle layer. Its glands are more similar in structure to those of some terrestrial pulmonates.
Game Theoretic Approaches in Vehicular Networks: A Survey

In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), vehicles and other intelligent components in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) are connected, forming the Vehicular Networks (VNs) that provide efficient and secure traffic, ubiquitous access to information, and various applications. However, as the number of connected nodes keeps increasing, it is challenging to satisfy various and large amounts of service requests with different Quality of Service (QoS ) and security requirements in the highly dynamic VNs. Intelligent nodes in VNs can compete or cooperate for limited network resources so that either an individual or group objectives can be achieved. Game theory, a theoretical framework designed for strategic interactions among rational decision-makers who faced with scarce resources, can be used to model and analyze individual or group behaviors of communication entities in VNs. This paper primarily surveys the recent advantages of GT used in solving various challenges in VNs. As VNs and GT have been extensively investigate34d, this survey starts with a brief introduction of the basic concept and classification of GT used in VNs. Then, a comprehensive review of applications of GT in VNs is presented, which primarily covers the aspects of QoS and security. Moreover, with the development of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication, recent contributions of GT to diverse emerging technologies of 5G integrated into VNs are surveyed in this paper. Finally, several key research challenges and possible solutions for applying GT in VNs are outlined.
Channel-based algebraic limits to conductive heat transfer

Recent experimental advances probing coherent phonon and electron transport in nanoscale devices at contact have motivated theoretical channel-based analyses of conduction based on the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. Transmission through each channel is known to be bounded above by unity, yet in practice usually falls far below this Landauer limit. Building upon recently derived radiative heat transfer limits and a unified formalism characterizing heat transport for arbitrary bosonic systems in the linear regime, we propose new bounds on conductive heat transfer. In particular, we demonstrate that our limits are typically far tighter than the Landauer limits per channel and are close to actual transmission eigenvalues by examining a model of phonon conduction in a one-dimensional chain. Our limits have ramifications for designing molecular junctions to optimize conduction.
1150 year long ice core record of the Ross Sea Polynya, Antarctica

Knowledge of the past behavior of Antarctic polynyas such as the Ross and Weddell Seas contributes to the understanding of biological productivity, sea ice production, katabatic and Southern Hemisphere Westerly (SHW) wind strength, Antarctic bottom water (ABW) formation, and marine CO2 sequestration. Previous studies link barium (Ba) marine sedimentation to polynya primary productivity (Bonn et al., 1998; McManus et al., 2002; Pirrung et al., 2008), polynya area to katabatic wind strength and proximal cyclones (Bromwich et al., 1998; Drucker et al., 2011), and highlight the influence of Ross Ice Shelf calving event effects on the Ross Sea Polynya (RSP) (Rhodes et al., 2009). Here we use the RICE ice core, located just 120 km from the Ross Ice Shelf front to capture 1150 years of RSP behavior. We link atmospheric Ba fluctuations to Ba marine sedimentation in the summer Ross Sea Polynya, creating the first deep ice core based RSP proxy. RSP area is currently the smallest ever observed over our 1150-year record, and varied throughout the Little Ice Age with fluctuations in Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) strength related with Ross Sea cyclones. Past RSP reconstructions allow us to predict future responses of RSP area to future climate change, which is of special interest considering the recent disappearance of the Weddell Sea Polynya in response to anthropogenic forcing (de Lavergne et al., 2014).
CoAID: COVID-19 Healthcare Misinformation Dataset

As the COVID-19 virus quickly spreads around the world, unfortunately, misinformation related to COVID-19 also gets created and spreads like wild fire. Such misinformation has caused confusion among people, disruptions in society, and even deadly consequences in health problems. To be able to understand, detect, and mitigate such COVID-19 misinformation, therefore, has not only deep intellectual values but also huge societal impacts. To help researchers combat COVID-19 health misinformation, therefore, we present CoAID (Covid-19 heAlthcare mIsinformation Dataset), with diverse COVID-19 healthcare misinformation, including fake news on websites and social platforms, along with users' social engagement about such news. CoAID includes 4,251 news, 296,000 related user engagements, 926 social platform posts about COVID-19, and ground truth labels. The dataset is available at: this https URL.
Morphological and Spectral Study of 4FGL J1115.1–6118 in the Region of the Young Massive Stellar Cluster NGC 3603

We report a detailed study of an unidentified gamma-ray source located in the region of the compact stellar cluster NGC 3603. This is a star-forming region (SFR) powered by a massive cluster of OB stars. A dedicated analysis of about 10 yr of data from 10 GeV to 1 TeV, provided by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, yields the detection of a pointlike source at a significance of 9σ. The source photon spectrum can be described by a power-law model with a best-fit spectral index of 2.35 ± 0.03. In addition, the analysis of a deep Chandra image in the 0.5–7 keV band reliably rules out an extragalactic origin for the gamma-rays. We also conclude that the broadband spectral energy distribution of the point source can be explained well with both leptonic and hadronic models. No firm evidence of association with any other classes of known gamma-ray emitters is found; therefore, we speculate that 4FGL J1115.1−6118 is a gamma-ray-emitting SFR.