Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis OF Schottky Tunneling Transistor

The device characteristics of asymmetric Schottky Tunneling Source Transistor (STSFET) is investigated through a TCAD modeling study. This work aims to improve the drive current and also to reduce the leakage current. One advantage of this device is that the drive current can be improved by controlling the schottky barrier heights through gate voltage variations. Depending upon the applications, the designer can select proper silicides. Schottky Tunneling Source FET is a promising device alternative for future nanometer scale technology since it improves the scalability and offers large power reduction in mixed signal applications. Silicon devices give better drive current than germanium devices. The off current is limited by the tunneling from the drain region. The asymmetric Schottky Tunneling Source FET offers high immunity to short channel effects. The asymmetric nature of the device helps to reduce the leakage current and it also help to improve the linear characteristics of the device by reducing ambipolar conduction through the use of a pocket drain at the drain end.
Dynamic characteristic optimization of vehicle transmission based on lateral-torsional coupled nonlinear dynamic model

A universal lateral-torsional coupled nonlinear dynamic model for each gear of vehicle gear transmission is established based on the lagrangian method, which takes into account the backlash, time-varying stiffness, mass eccentricity and profile error of spur gears. A new optimization model which considers the dynamic characteristics of different gears of vehicle gear transmission is presented. As an example, the dynamic characteristic optimization model of certain vehicle gear transmission is established through the Isight software integrate the nonlinear dynamic programs of different gears and then solved with NSGA-II method. The optimization results show that the maximum gear mesh forces of commonly used gears are effectively reduced, while the maximum gear mesh forces of less used gears almost remain unchanged, which prove the feasibility of the optimization model and provide reference for the dynamic characteristic improvement of vehicle gear transmission.
Multidrug therapy for muscular dystrophy in a GRMD (Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy) model

Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) is a degenerative, progressive and lethal genetic disease, homologous to human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). For both there is no cure and clinical interventions are limited to treating clinical signs. As potential treatment, we did a pilot study in GRMD and administered a cocktail of frequently used drugs that might work synergistically. Biochemical blood values were investigated and histology and real-time PCR of muscle biopsies were performed. Significant improvements occurred in experimental Golden Retrievers dogs in regard to the levels of alanine aminotransferase, neutrophils, lymphocytes and CK, which began to show values closer to normal ones when compared to control animals, as well as moderate inflammatory infiltrates in the musculature, according to histology. The drug cocktail seemed to work systemically, but did not interfere with the gene defect, thus having potential value for maintaining the health status and preventing the progression of muscular dystrophy in GRMD model.
Hall effect study of iron-arsenide-based superconducting compounds under pressure

OF THE THESIS Hall Effect Study of Iron-Arsenide-Based Superconducting Compounds Under Pressure by Derek John Padilla Master of Science in Physics San Diego State University, 2010 The Hall effect was studied in the iron-arsenide-based CaFe2As2, SrFe2As2, BaFe2As2, and Ba(Fe0.95Co0.05)2As2 superconducting compounds in pressures up to 20 kbar in the temperature range of 1.9 to 305 K. These materials form in a tetragonal phase, and they are paramagnetic at ambient temperatures. Upon cooling to ∼150 to 200 K they exhibit a structural phase transformation to orthorhombic, which is accompanied by the onset of antiferromagnetism. This transition is suppressed with the application of pressure, allowing a superconducting phase to develop in a “dome” of pressure values within the temperature-pressure phase diagram. Increasing pressure above 4.9 kbar induces a “collapsed tetragonal” structural phase in CaFe2As2. The coexistence of multiple structural and magnetic phases is consistent with Hall effect data, which demonstrates a convolution of multiple charge carrier types. The complex band structure of these high-temperature superconducting compounds leads to a temperature-dependent Hall coefficient displaying strongly hysteretic values seen in CaFe2As2.
Theoretical/synthesis design of compact UWB bandpass filters with very sharp roll-off characteristics

A simple quasi-elliptical-function-based design methodology is proposed for a class of ultra-wideband(UWB) filters consisting of stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs) based on parallel-coupled three-line, short-circuited stubs and two-section stepped-impedance open-circuited stubs. Furthermore, the influence of the location of the loaded stubs and the type of stubs applied to the filter characteristics is investigated. As an example, a UWB BPF with a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 110% (BW: 3.1~10.6GHz) is then synthesized, simulated, fabricated and measured. The measured frequency responses of the UWB filter compare very well with the predicted ones and successfully satisfy outdoor specifications of FCC, which validates the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed technique. The designed UWB filter exhibits very sharp roll-off characteristics of 90dB/GHz and a compact size of 13.05mm.
Temporal expression of transcription and relative copy number of plasmid pSFB-1 in Scytalidium flavo-brunneum

Wild-type cultures of Scytalidium flavo-brunneum produce a 15-azasterol antifungal agent and a reddish brown pigment as secondary metabolites. Spontaneous mutants of S. flavo-brunneum that had simultaneously lost the ability to produce the 15-azasterol and the pigment were transformed with plasmid pSFB-1, which was obtained from wild-type S. flavo-brunneum. Each transformant possessed the plasmid and coincidentally reacquired azasterol and pigment production. Regulation of transcription and relative plasmid copy number was determined as a function of the culture cycle of the organism. Twenty-five-fold amplification of the plasmid was observed in the fungus during the stationary phase. RNA transcripts of 0.9, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kilobases were expressed from the plasmid by the organism. While differences in the temporal regulation of the transcripts were seen, all except the 1.0-kilobase transcript increased in abundance on entry of the culture into the stationary phase of growth.
Semantic-based Malay-English Translation using N-Gram Model

Most of the existing machine translations are based on word-for-word translation. The major obstacle in developing such a system is natural language is not free from ambiguity problems. One word may have more than one semantic, and vice versa. Herein, we propose a semantic-based Malay-English translation using an n-gram model. The Malay-English translation is not a word-for-word basis but is dependent on the semantic meaning of the Malay phrase. In particular, a bigram is used to approximate the probability of a word by using the conditional probability of the preceding word. For this study, whenever the semantic ambiguity occurs, the English word with the highest probability value is chosen to translate the Malay word (or 2-sequence Malaysia word). The proposed technique has been tested with three categories of sentences namely easy, moderate and complex. The performance of the proposed MalayEnglish translation is based on human judgement that demonstrates an averaged validity ratio of positive value. The positive value indicates that at least half of the respondents agreed that the translation outputs are at least “still make sense semantically”. The contribution of the proposed method can be ascribed to the enhancement of word-for-word translation for solving the ambiguity issue in Malay-English translation.
Performance of wheat genotypes under different row spacing in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal A . KALPANA , P . PRUSTY

480 West Bengal is not a traditional wheat growing state in India. However, at present wheat has become a staple food crop next to rice and its consumption is gradually increasing because of changing in food habit and economic prosperity. In spite of a wide range of adoptability, little attention has been paid towards wheat production and maximization of yield potential of this crop in West Bengal and its share to national
A systematic survey of facial expression recognition techniques

Facial expression recognition (FER) is an imperative part in the exploration of man-machine interface. Presently, it is applied in a wide variety of environments including robotics, mobile application, digital signs etc. Since faces can divulge the emotional sentiment of a person, automatic elucidation of facial expressions delivers a natural way to interact with computers. FER systems scrutinize facial images captured via computer vision to detect human expressions or interpret emotion thereby. In this paper, we first explain the process of FER which will further assist how a particular technique is modelled. Also an extensive survey of the latest techniques for FER has been presented comparing them based on their feature extraction technique, classification method and recognition rate.
Pre-planned global rerouting for fault management in labeled optical burst-switched WDM networks

Optical burst switching (OBS) is a promising technique for supporting high-capacity bursty data traffic over optical wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) networks. A label-switched path can be established to forward a burst control packet (BCP) if each OBS node is augmented with an IP/MPLS controller. Such a network is called a labeled OBS (LOBS) network, and it can exploit the explicit routing and constraint-based routing properties supported in the MPLS framework to perform traffic and resource engineering. However, the burst-loss probability (denoted as BLP) can be large if the traffic is not properly engineered in a LOBS network, especially after a failure occurs. In this paper, we propose to use pre-planned global rerouting to balance network load and to restore bursts after a link fails. We apply optimization techniques to pre-plan explicit backup routes for failure scenarios. Our objective is to achieve optimal load balancing both before and after a failure such that the network state can still remain stable with minimum BLP when failure occurs. We apply the pre-planned global rerouting method in a LOBS network and study the performance of different rerouting schemes on some typical network topologies. Our illustrative numerical examples show that the BLP can be significantly reduced by 25%-99% (when the average link load is less than 0.5) using globally rerouted backup routes, when compared with the scheme without global rerouting. We also observe that the BLP is reduced by 20%-65% (when the average link load is less than 0.5) if the rerouting is done using optimization techniques, when compared with shortest-path routing.
Design of Routing Protocol and Node Structure in Wireless Sensor Network based on Improved Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Abstract Wireless sensor network is composed of many wireless sensor nodes with the same or different functions. A typical sensor node consists of four parts: sensor unit, information processing unit, wireless communication unit and energy supply unit. In this paper, the existing ant colony algorithm is analyzed, and an improved ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed. The paper presents design of routing protocol and node structure in wireless sensor network based on improved ant colony optimization algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective.
High‐resolution spectroscopic study of red clump stars in the Galaxy: iron‐group elements

The main atmospheric parameters and abundances of the iron-group elements (vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt and nickel) are determined for 62 red giant ‘clump’ stars revealed in the Galactic field by the Hipparcos orbiting observatory. The stars form a homogeneous sample with the mean value of temperature T_(eff)= 4750 ± 160 K, of surface gravity log g= 2.41 ± 0.26 and the mean value of metallicity [Fe/H]=−0.04 ± 0.15 dex. A Gaussian fit to the [Fe/H] distribution produces the mean 〈[Fe/H]〉=−0.01 and dispersion σ_([Fe/H])= 0.08. The near-solar metallicity and small dispersion of σ_([Fe/H]) of clump stars of the Galaxy obtained in this paper confirm the theoretical model of the Hipparcos clump by Girardi & Salaris. This suggests that nearby clump stars are (in the mean) relatively young objects, reflecting mainly the near-solar metallicities developed in the local disc during the last few Gyr of its history. We find iron-group element to iron-abundance ratios in clump giants to be close to solar.
On-time stabilization of single-machine power system connected to infinite bus by using optimized fuzzy-PID controller

Power systems are subjected to disturbance that may cause unacceptable power oscillations in transmission lines. The use of power system stabilizer has a great effect in controlling and damping of these low-frequency oscillations. Study and discussion in the field of designing different kinds of stabilizers constitutes one of the dynamic research areas concerning power systems. The major problem of stabilizers lies in their failure to respond well in different work conditions. To solve this problem, the fuzzy controller has been used. The aim of this study is to design Fuzzy-PID stabilizer in single-machine system connected to infinite bus by using hybrid big bang big crunch algorithm. The system was tested under different conditions, by changing the load by %+25 and %-25. Simulation results are compared in three scenarios and by applying three-phase to ground fault for the duration of 70ms. The results revealed good efficiency of this controller in stabilizing of power system in different conditions.
Precision tracking algorithms for ISAR imaging

The simultaneous imaging and tracking of a moving target is one of the most difficult problems in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) signal processing. The problem is addressed here using a two-antenna imaging radar. The target range shift is sensed with an exponentially averaged envelope correlation algorithm while the angle change is measured with a differential phase shift algorithm. The three state Kalman filters are used in range and azimuth dimensions to provide both a filtered estimate and a one-sample-ahead prediction for the purpose of target tracking. The filtered range shift provides an accurate information for range bin alignment, and the target angle change provides the angular positions of the synthetic array elements. Therefore, the ISAR imaging simply becomes processing of a circular-arc aperture. The algorithms are verified both by computer simulations and also with experimental data processing.
A novel nonconvex approach to recover the low-tubal-rank tensor data: when t-SVD meets PSSV

A recently developed novel tensor decomposition scheme named tensor singular value decomposition (t-SVD) results in a notion of rank referred to as the tubal-rank. Many methods minimize its convex surrogate the tensor nuclear norm (TNN) to enhance the low tubal-rankness of the underlying data. Generally, minimizing the TNN may cause some biases. In this paper, to alleviate these bias phenomenons, we consider to minimize the proposed partial sum of the tensor nuclear norm (PSTNN) in place of the TNN. The novel PSTNN is applied to the tasks of tensor completion and tensor principal component analysis. Numerical experiments are conducted on the synthetic data and real-world data, and experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Estimating the average time for inter‐continental transport of air pollutants

We estimate the average time required for inter‐continental transport of atmospheric tracers based on simulations with the global chemical tracer model MOZART‐2 driven with NCEP meteorology. We represent the average transport time by a ratio of the concentration of two tracers with different lifetimes. We find that average transport times increase with tracer lifetimes. With tracers of 1‐ and 2‐week lifetimes the average transport time from East Asia (EA) to the surface of western North America (NA) in April is 2–3 weeks, approximately a half week longer than transport from NA to western Europe (EU) and from EU to EA. We develop an ‘equivalent circulation’ method to estimate a timescale which has little dependence on tracer lifetimes and obtain similar results to those obtained with short‐lived tracers. Our findings show that average inter‐continental transport times, even for tracers with short lifetimes, are on average 1–2 weeks longer than rapid transport observed in plumes.
Multimodal biometric authentication based on voice, face and iris

A multimodal biometric system is proposed in this paper. Our multimodal biometric authentication solution is based on three identifiers: iris, voice and faces. A mel-cepstral voice recognition is described first. Then, face authentication is approached by using SIFT-based features. Next, LAB-based iris recognition approach is proposed. The biometric fusion is performed at the level of the decision module.
Library tuning for subthreshold operation

In this paper, the authors extend their work on the balancing-based subthreshold cell sizing methodology. The libraries were benchmarked against a library tuned for super-threshold operation. Two sets of standard cells have been properly sized for operation at 0.3V, and further characterized at different voltages. A super-threshold 90 nm low power library was chosen as a reference library to compare timing, power and voltage scaling ability. The resented libraries show a 31% timing improvement at 0.3 V without area penalty over the conventional library. The comparison of libraries at different voltages shows that with respect to the super-threshold library, the presented library with only transistor channel width tuning has on average 10% better timing from 0.3 V to 1.2 V, and that this library with both transistor channel width and length tuning show timing improvements of 31.4% and 6.9% when the supply voltage increases from 0.3 V to 0.6 V, respectively.
Synthesis and Biophysical Insights into the Binding of a Potent Anti-Proliferative Non-symmetric Bis-isatin Derivative with Bovine Serum Albumin: Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Approaches

As part of the research endeavors to combat cancer, a non-symmetric bis-isatin derivative (compound 3) was synthesized and showed a significant anti-proliferative potency. The current study provides a comprehensive characterization of the interaction of compound 3 with the drug-transporting protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) via the use of spectroscopic tools along with molecular docking studies. Fluorescence spectral measurements showed that the BSA intrinsic fluorescence can be significantly quenched by the addition of compound 3 and the formation of a non-fluorescent complex. Further measurements revealed a static type of quenching with Stern–Volmer and Linweaver–Burk constants of 105. The thermodynamic parameters of the binding were calculated to be ΔS° 105.09 ± 5.32 with ΔH° of −0.72 ± 0.71 and negative ΔG° values. In addition, synchronous fluorescence and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that compound 3 did not induce conformational changes in BSA. Site competition experiments revealed that compound 3 competes with warfarin within the BSA binding domain (Sudlow site I). This was further confirmed by the molecular docking results showing a binding energy of −25.93 kJ/mol for compound 3-BSA. Hence, the observed results in the present study assumed that the compound 3-BSA binding is spontaneous, involving electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonding.
Efficient random data accessing in MapReduce

The voluminous data can not be handled using traditional serial programming methods. It needs to be dealt effectively using parallel programming methods in a distributed environment. Emerging technologies for parallel processing has been changing the concept of programming, storage and operating system in distributed environment. Grid Computing and MapReduce technologies have been proven very handy in processing huge volume of simple and multi-dimensional data. The MapReduce in the Hadoop provides an abstract environment for parallel processing of jobs. The framework is well-known for its data analysis capability. However, it is efficient for sequential read and writes. It does not show good performance for random read and writes. It is so because the Hadoop is based on the key-value storage concept and does not work on any indexed dataset. A lot of work has been done to improve the performance of the Hadoop. Indexing input dataset in the Hadoop is one such area. In this paper, a B-Tree index construction process in traditional programming environment is described and a conceptual idea of realizing it in the MapReduce-Hadoop is presented.
Temperature-dependent Formation of Ozone in Solid Oxygen by 5 keV Electron Irradiation and Implications for Solar System Ices

We have investigated the formation of ozone by electron impact in solid molecular oxygen ices between 11 and 30 K. The amount of ozone formed is shown to be strongly dependent on the sample temperature. As the ice temperature increases, the column density of the ozone monomer is found to diminish. This is ascribed to the loss of oxygen atoms by recombination with a neighboring oxygen atom to "recycle" molecular oxygen. In the "warm-up" phase after irradiation, two additional temperature-dependent reaction mechanisms were observed to synthesize ozone: (1) a reaction of oxygen atoms from a [O3.O] complex with a neighboring oxygen molecule and (2) a reaction of trapped oxygen atoms with oxygen molecules to yield the ozone monomer. These experiments have important implications to the oxygen chemistry in icy satellites throughout our solar system.
Joint Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder : Relating Oscillopathies and Syntactic Deficits *

We put forward a dual clinical intervention strategy for people exhibiting language deficits in autism. This combines an emerging understanding of the ‘oscillopathic’ brain – how an abnormal profile of neural oscillations can give rise to syntactic and semantic deficits – with a more traditional approach centred on a course of speech therapy targeting specific linguistic deficits. It is our intention that a joint intervention focusing on abnormal oscillations alongside deficient language comprehension will also serve to re-align the general focus of inquiry away from cartographic neuroimaging issues and towards dynamic, oscillation-based analyses.
PSO-BP algorithm implementation for material surface image identification

Implementation of neural network for acoustic computation is not ne w. In this paper, a new improved method in predicting material surface from photographic image was implemented using a hybrid of particle swarm optimization and back-propagation neural network (PSO-BP) algorithm. Before the system clas sified the data using PSO-BP algorithm, the photographic images of room surfaces need to be extracted using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Modified Zernike Moments. The result indicated that the PSO-BP algorithm have a hig her accuracy compared to the BP algorithm, managed to record highest accuracy of 88% as opposed to 81.3% for the latter.