Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Performance of Deep Transfer Learning Networks for Brain Tumor Detection Using MR Images

A brain tumor need to be identified in its early stage, otherwise it may cause severe condition that cannot be cured once it is progressed. A precise diagnosis of brain tumor can play an important role to start the proper treatment, which eventually reduces the survival rate of patient. Recently, deep learning based classification method is popularly used for brain tumor detection from 2D Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. In this article, several transfer learning based deep learning methods are analyzed using number of traditional classifiers to detect the brain tumor. The investigation results are based on a labeled dataset with the images of both normal- and abnormal brain. For transfer learning, seven methods are used such as VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet50, InceptionResNetV2, InceptionV3, Xception, and DenseNet201. Each of them is followed by five traditional classifiers, which are Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Decision Tree, AdaBoost, and Gradient Boosting. All the combinations of deep learning based feature extractor and classifier are investigated to evaluate the relevant performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, Cohen’s kappa, AUC, Jaccard, and Specificity. Later on, learning curves for all of the combinations that achieved the highest accuracies were presented. The presented results show that the best model achieved an accuracy of 99.39% with a 10-fold cross validation. The results presented in this article are expected to be useful for the selection of suitable method in deep transfer learning based brain tumor detection.
CSANet: Cross-Temporal Interaction Symmetric Attention Network for Hyperspectral Image Change Detection

Deep learning methods have been extensively applied to hyperspectral (HS) image change detection (CD) tasks and achieved promising performance. However, the beneficial joint spatial–spectral–temporal information provided by the HS images has not been fully used. Since the bi-temporal HS images are highly symmetric, in this letter, we propose a novel cross-temporal interaction symmetric attention network (CSANet), which can effectively extract and integrate the joint spatial–spectral–temporal features of the HS images, at the same time to enhance feature discrimination ability of the changes. Specifically, we propose a novel cross-temporal interaction symmetric attention (CSA) module to interact with the bi-temporal HS information, where self-attention is combined to enhance the feature representation ability of each temporal image, and the cross-temporal attention is utilized to integrate the difference features oriented from each temporal feature embedding. On this basis, we design a Siamese network structure equipped with the CSA to hierarchically extract the change information in a symmetric pattern. Experimental results on three public HS image CD datasets show that the proposed CSANet CD framework achieves a significant improvement when compared with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. The source code of the proposed framework will be released at https://github.com/srxlnnu.
Research on the Optimal Strategy of “Working Together with One Heart” Project

The “Working Together with One Heart” project, also known as the “One Heart Drum” project, is a collaboration skill development project, which assesses the collaboration skills of its team members. In this paper, the method of combining actual problems with physical model analysis is used to determine the influence of different factors in the project operation, and a geometric analysis model is also established. Through MATLAB simulation and assignment operation, the optimal strategy of the project is finally obtained.
Seasonal Shifts in the Morphological Traits of Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria in Lake Chaohu, China

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic water bodies pose a major threat to the environment and to human health. The morphological functional traits of cyanobacteria play important roles in maintaining their competitive advantages. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of the morphological functional traits of different bloom-forming cyanobacteria, we performed a one-year-long phytoplankton survey from November 2016 to October 2017 in Lake Chaohu, China. The colony size and cell diameter of the dominant cyanobacteria were measured, and their relationships were analyzed. The results showed that Dolichospermum flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa were the dominant cyanobacteria in the lake. Microcystis was the dominant species during the summer; the growth of Dolichospermum growth surpassed that of Microcystis, and Dolichospermum became the dominant species in the late autumn, winter and spring. From winter to spring, the colony size of Dolichospermum decreased from 222.25 μm to 10.51 μm, and the individual cell diameter increased from 6.5 μm to 7.4 μm. From summer to autumn, Dolichospermum showed enlarged colony sizes and reduced cell diameters. The Microcystis colony size increased from 83.71 μm in the spring to 196.71 μm in the summer and autumn, while cells diameter remained essentially at 3–4 μm from March to October in Lake Chaohu. The relationship between colony size and cell diameter in Dolichospermum was significantly positive, while that of Microcystis was not significant. These results suggest that Dolichospermum may maintain biomass through a trade-off between cell diameter and colony size, and that a flexible morphological regulatory mechanism exists. This study seeks to improve our understanding of how bloom-forming cyanobacteria maintain their dominance by regulating their morphological traits.
Power Management of Base Transceiver Stations for Mobile Networks

A Base Transceiver Station (BTS) is a piece of equipment consisting of telecommunication devices and the air interface of the mobile network. It is referred to as the BS in 3G networks, the eNB in the LTE standard, and the GNodeB for the 5G. Any wireless service provider operates a country-wide System of BTS. The System is the part of the wireless network responsible for the reception and transmission of radio signals from user equipments (UE), like mobile phones and computers with wireless internet wireless connectivity. All BTSs need to be electrically powered and system management may investigate methods to reduce power consumption. However, saving power may turn into a waste of performance (increased response time), in other words, into a waste of the BTS quality of service (QoS) This paper aim is to discuss the power management of BTS stations for the best compromise between energy-saving and response to incoming calls. The BTS management strategies that optimize the BTS power consumption (minimum absorbed Watt), the BTS performance (minimum response_time to incoming calls), and the BTS performance x Watt (minimum response_time x Watt) are identified. To compensate for the difficulties of using analytical approaches the paper uses simulation to evaluate the strategies.
Exchange Rate Effect on the Household Consumption in BRICST Countries: Evidence from MATNARDL Model

Various empirical methodologies have examined the relationship between exchange rate and household consumption expenditures. However, traditional methods fail to analyze the exchange rate effect on consumption across minor and major currency depreciation and appreciations. We attempt to extend the existing literature by examining the impact of minor and major currency appreciation and depreciation on household consumption expenditures in BRICST countries, including Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Turkey. We use an extended version of the nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) and multiple threshold nonlinear ARDL model called the multiple asymmetric ARDL (MATNARDL) model. Our estimates, based on the traditional NARDL model, indicate that the asymmetric effect is found in the context of India and China only. However, the MATNARDL estimates suggest that, in the long run, the asymmetric effect is found for all the sample countries except India whereas, in the short run, the asymmetric effect is found for all the sample countries except Turkey. Finally, this study recommends the policy implications based on the results obtained in this study.
Digital current driving of AMOLED displays for improved uniformity and reduced power consumption

As the light output of an OLED is proportional to its current, accurate control of the pixel current is of crucial importance for AMOLED displays. In current AMOLED displays, this current control is performed inside the pixel, which imposes quite some challenges (a.o. need for high output resistance to cope with resistive power line drops, need for VT non-uniformity and bias-stress compensation, .) and it hampers pixel downscaling, hence limiting the resolution that can be obtained with AMOLED displays. In our work, we bring the accurate current control from inside the pixel to external silicon column drivers, where it can be done at much lower power loss. The transistors in the pixels act as a calibrated, switch allowing a unity current through the OLED. At this unity current, the impedance of all pixels is calibrated to be equal. Whenever the external column driver drives n times the unity current Iref [1], Iref is driven through each of the n active pixels (see Fig. 1). This approach enables the use of very short channel transistors and hence higher resolution.
Enabling end-user specification and debugging of complex events for location systems

While real-time location systems are gaining popularity as a platform for a variety of applications (e.g., asset tracking, safety and security, workflow monitoring and optimization), recent studies have shown that two critical barriers to adoption remain: 1) cost of location sensors, and 2) cost of tuning events in location-aware applications. In this dissertation, we present the Cascadia middleware for specification, detection, and management of location events. We also present a suite of end-user tools which, together with Cascadia, significantly reduce barriers to adoption of real-time location systems. The Cascadia system leverages recent advances in probabilistic data management to facilitate specification, detection, and management of complex events over sporadic and incomplete location data. In particular, Cascadia extends the Lahar system [212, 2731 to detect an important family of location events as patterns over inferred probabilistic database views representing entities' location traces. This approach enables use of less reliable location sensors (e.g., passive RFID) that are 10 times cheaper per tracked entity than state-of-the-art sensors. Clear semantics and a pattern-oriented query language also enable Cascadia to expose an intuitive API for querying and subscribing to location events. In addition to tools that define metadata, we present the Panoramic tool, which supports end-users in customizing and tuning their applications by directly specifying and debugging location events. Panoramic does not require users to write code, understand complex models, perform elaborate demonstrations, generate test traces, or blindly trust deterministic events. Instead, it allows end-users to specify and edit complex events with a visual language that embodies natural concepts of space and time. It also takes a novel approach to verification in which events are extracted from historical sensor traces and presented with intelligible, hierarchical visualizations. Our work with Cascadia and Panoramic is grounded in a comprehensive survey of events in location-aware computing as well as a detailed analysis of real location data from experiments with a building-scale RFID system called the RFID Ecosystem. We refine our designs through iterative laboratory studies and conduct a summative evaluation through additional laboratory studies and a longitudinal study with over 60 participants and 100s of location sensors in the RFID Ecosystem.
Physical Characterization and Cellular Toxicity Studies of Commercial NiO Nanoparticles

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles from several manufacturers with different reported sizes and surface coatings were characterized prior to assessing their cellular toxicity. The physical characterization of these particles revealed that sizes often varied from those reported by the supplier, and that particles were heavily agglomerated when dispersed in water, resulting in a smaller surface area and larger hydrodynamic diameter upon dispersion. Cytotoxicity testing of these materials showed differences between samples; however, correlation of these differences with the physical properties of the materials was not conclusive. Generally, particles with higher surface area and smaller hydrodynamic diameter were more cytotoxic. While all samples produced an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), there was no correlation between the magnitude of the increase in ROS and the difference in cytotoxicity between different materials.
Flat-Focal-Plane Dual-Metasurface Lens for Low Scan Loss and Sidelobe Level of a Metalens Antenna

A flat-focal-plane dual-metasurface lens (dual-metalens) is presented to lower the scan loss and sidelobe level of a metalens antenna. The dual-metalens consists of two metasurfaces with different phase shift distributions and focal ratios. This proposed metalens ensures that the focal points of 0° and 30° incident plane waves are on a flat plane, which lowers the beam scan loss and sidelobe levels by reducing the comatic aberration of the metalens. The measurement shows that the proposed antenna achieves a maximum gain of 26.6 dBi at 27.5 GHz with a 10-λ0-diameter aperture, where λ0 is the wavelength at 28 GHz in free space. The antenna has an only 1.9-dB scan loss with a sidelobe level lower than -14.1 dB at 28 GHz for a scan angle of ±29°. The 3-dB gain frequency range is from 26.8 GHz to 29.3 GHz, which is suitable for 5G millimeter-wave wireless communication.
Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, and Control Among Parents of School-Aged Children in the United Arab Emirates

Background Increased blood pressure (BP) is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of hypertension and its awareness and control among parents of school-aged children in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods A total of 605 parents participated in this cross-sectional study. Information on socio-demographics, lifestyle factors, and history of chronic disease were collected through an adapted version of the World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire. Fasting blood glucose samples, BP measurements, body mass index (BMI), and waist and hip circumference were obtained using standard measurement protocols. Prevalence of hypertension was identified in the cohorts by defining hypertension using the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines (BP≥130/80 mmHg) and the World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines Orchid (BP≥140/90 mmHg) in association with antihypertensive medication use. Results The mean age of participants was 42.9±7.9 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 37.2% (95% CI: 33.5–41.2) and 18.0% (95% CI: 15.2–21.3), using the 2017 and the previous WHO definitions, respectively. Little over half of the sample (51.5%) who were aware of having hypertension reported using antihypertensive medications. Of those reporting the use of antihypertensive medications in the past two days, 13 of 33 patients (39.4%) had their hypertension under control (<140/90 mmHg). The independent correlates of hypertension included age [(adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.09 (1.05–1.13], male sex [AOR: 2.48 (1.41–4.34], college or higher education [AOR: 0.22 (0.09–0.56)], family history of hypertension [AOR: 2.03 (1.17–3.53)], obesity [AOR: 3.15 (1.24–7.12)], and moderate or vigorous physical activity [AOR: 0.50 (0.26–0.98)]. Conclusion Hypertension is prevalent among parents of school-going children. Improving lifestyle, health literacy, and introducing innovative models to raise awareness and education about hypertension are essential to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs).
How representative surveys measure public (dis)trust in science: A systematisation and analysis of survey items and open-ended questions

ABSTRACT Over the past several years, scholars have debated the public’s (dis)trust in science. Since the ‘science and society’ paradigm of science communication has defined the crisis of trust between science and the public as a major concern, this article is interested in how public (dis)trust in science is measured in representative surveys of public perceptions of science and technology. The goal is to systematise survey measures using a theoretical model of (dis)trust in science as a multidimensional variable that is relevant to the relationship between the public, (intermediaries) and science. A systematic review of items and open-ended questions (n = 736) used in 20 representative surveys from various countries was conducted. The results show that surveys rarely measure distrust in science, and instead focus on trust in science – mainly at the macro-level – rather than trust in scientists (micro-level) or scientific organisations (meso-level). Benevolence is the dimension of trust considered most frequently; the media is predominantly included as a general type of contact with science without a direct link to (dis)trust. Hence, representative surveys cover a number of different aspects of public (dis)trust in science. However, there is room for improvement. Thus, this paper concludes with recommendations for future measures.
Broadband infrared laser characterization for use in snapshot stand-off detection of hazardous materials

In this paper, we discuss the characterization of several quantum cascade lasers (QCL) as candidates for a broadband infrared illumination source for use in single “snapshot” detection of hazardous materials. Each of the lasers discussed is a Fabry-Perot quantum cascade laser (FP-QCL) chosen for its peak emission within the mid- to long-wave infrared region of 7 µm to 12 µm. These lasers are commercially available from several vendors. The output of each laser was characterized using a high resolution FTIR spectrometer to record each laser’s emission spectrum under varying operating conditions such as driving current, QCL temperature, and operating modes (continuous wave or pulsed). Time-Resolved Spectroscopy (TRS) was performed on each laser’s pulsed driven output to provide further details on how the emission of each laser evolves on the nanosecond time scale. We specifically investigate and present spectra of FP-QCL packaged in sealed OEM configurations. These devices offer center wavelengths ranging from 8.9 µm to 10.5 µm. We present the results of changing operating conditions to optimize the QCL emission to provide high-power and broad spectral coverage. By combining two or more FP-QCL, we obtain spectral coverage of approximately 3 µm. The purpose of this study is to develop a high-power, broadband, “white light” illumination source to provide wide spectral coverage over the region of interest for standoff detection and analysis of potentially hazardous materials.
Pharmacologic Rate versus Rhythm Control for Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and Heart failure (HF) constitute two frequently coexisting cardiovascular diseases, with a great volume of the scientific research referring to strategies and guidelines associated with the best management of patients suffering from either of the two or both of these entities. The common pathophysiological paths, the adverse outcomes, the hospitalization rates, and the mortality rates that occur from various reports and trials indicate that a targeted therapy to the common background of these cardiovascular conditions may reverse the progression of their interrelating development. Among other optimal treatments concerning the prevalence of both AF and HF, the introduction of rhythm and rate control strategies in the guidelines has underlined the importance of sinus rhythm and heart rate control in the prevention of deleterious complications. The use of these strategies in the clinical practice has led to a debate about the superiority of rhythm versus rate control. The current guidelines as well as the published randomized trials and studies have not proved that rhythm control is more beneficial than the rate control treatments in the terms of survival, all-cause mortality, hospitalization rates, and quality of life. Therefore, the current therapeutic strategy is based on the therapy guidelines and the clinical judgment and experience. The aim of this review was to elucidate the endpoints of pharmacologic randomized clinical trials and the clinical data of each antiarrhythmic or rate-limiting medication, so as to promote their effective, individualized, evidence-based clinical use.
3D Inspection by Registration of CT and Dual X-ray Images

Recently, computed tomography (CT) has been used for non-destructive inspection. The rapid development of CT scanning hardware and software, CT became one of the major inspection solutions for non-destructive inspection. Because non-destructive inspection does not damage the product, it is beneficial in time and money in product quality testing. Most of all, this non-destructive inspection is important if the prod-uct should be preserved the original condition. CT scanning can detect porosities, voids, flaws, inclusions, and inside cast-ings in three-dimension. However, because 3D CT scanning takes much time, it can be used for only the inspection of sam-ples. To overcome this problem, we propose a new method to inspect all the products by using dual X-ray imaging. The dual X-ray or stereo X-ray imaging uses two X-ray images from the orthogonal views. Accurate calibration of 2D-3D registration is also required. Once the 3D CT scan of a master is registered to the dual X-ray images of a sample, the matching score is com-puted to inspect the sample.
ATP-dependent DNA helicase (TaDHL), a Novel Reduced-Height (Rht) Gene in Wheat

In wheat, a series of dwarf and semi-dwarf plant varieties have been developed and utilized worldwide since the 1960s and caused the ‘Green Revolution’. To date, 25 reduced-height (Rht) genes have been identified, but only several genes for plant height (PH) have been isolated previously. In this study, we identified a candidate gene, ATP-dependent DNA helicase (TaDHL-7B), for PH via QTL mapping and genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods. We knocked out this gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in variety ‘Fielder’. Two homozygous mutant genotypes, AAbbDD (−5 bp) and AAbbDD (−1 bp), were obtained in the T2 generation. The PH values of AAbbDD (−5 bp) and AAbbDD (−1 bp) were significantly reduced compared with the wild-type (WT, ‘Fielder’), indicating that TaDHL-7B is a novel Rht gene that controls the PH. This is the first time that a PH gene of wheat has been isolated with a non-hormone pathway, providing a new insight into the genetic control of PH. The TaDHL gene reduced the PH without a yield penalty. It could be used to improve the lodging resistance and yield in wheat breeding programs.