Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shaping the socially defined artefact: a design perspective

This conceptual working paper communicates findings from a research project which is designed to further the understanding of consequences for design when organisations themselves are understood as artefacts. I set out to learn from real-world practice what it means to shape a social artefact – an organisation. Based in notions of organizations as human made artefacts and the extended application of design to social contexts, this research inquires into ways in which stakeholders participate in processes of organising. Firstly I will give a brief overview of the dilemma we face when defining an organisation as artefact with specific, design relevant attributes. Secondly, this artefact is changing towards less clearly defined structures (Balogun & Johnson 2004; Taylor 2011). As I will refer to below, these changes are relevant when considering the relationship between design and the organisation. Scholars have proven that design and design thinking can help inform and shape core functions of an organisation, like a.o. management (Boland & Collopy 2004), strategy (Liedtka 2004) or change (Junginger 2008). Still, it seems that these debates assume a rather monolithic understanding of organisations. The research I am presenting is qualitative and makes use of a mix of methods within this paradigm. Two case studies provided a real-world context of distributed and emergent organisational structures. Based on assumptions derived from an initial phase of grounded data analysis, I am using two specific themes to find out why and how people design the social activity of shaping an organisation. Motivation and intentionality are used as design-relevant concepts to identify dimensions of design in the social process of shaping organisations. This thematic approach to data analysis is based on notions within Human-Centred Design theory (Krippendorff, 2008).
Adaptive Structuration Theory: An Impact Scale for Adaptations in Response to Website Development

This paper develops a scale for the impact of adaptive structuration on Web technology structures and user structures. An earlier scale of "reinvention" required comparison against "ultimate functionality" of the technology. This is not practical with a website that is continuously under development. The new scale has, in order of increasing impact on the structure, four key points: refine, extend, redesign and transform. When considering a possible change, the change should be placed independently on the impact scale for each relevant structure. Whether the changes emerge or are planned, placing each change on the scale will give an early indication of the potential impact of that change.
Material Flow Analysis in the Aluminum Industry

Through the use of MFA models, audiences and key stakeholders are better able to understand the flows of aluminum in commerce (e.g., recycled production, fabrication, and old scrap) and the ways these flows interact. The global aluminum industry, as part of its program of materials stewardship, is encouraging industry to collect and reuse aluminum by “mining the infrastructure of society” (e.g., cars, cans, and buildings). For such urban mining to take place, industries need to understand comprehensively the complete life cycle of aluminum and its products. Members of aluminum associations around the world have developed material flow analysis (MFA) models at both global and European scales to track aluminum throughout its life cycle from mining and manufacturing to use and recycling stages. The main goals of the MFA models are
Becoming an Interdisciplinary Amphibian in HCI

The aim of this position paper is to describe my views towards interdisciplinary research within the field of HCI. It is well known that amphibians can adapt to totally heterogeneous environments. Similarly, based on several disciplinary backgrounds I am currently studing and working in various environments which range from technical to business to social environments. The field of HCI already covers great parts of these areas. However, to deal with the fast progress in the world of technology and changes in our society, HCI still needs to develop and to integrate new concepts from related disciplines. Therefore, I am attempting to bring in views from social sciences, systems theory and business management and relate them to HCI. I would like to use this workshop to discuss the emergence of such interdisciplinary approaches within HCI, the practice-theory gap and the need for a common vision in HCI.
Drag Reduction of a Turbulent Boundary Layer over an Oscillating Wall and its Variation with Reynolds Number

Spanwise oscillation applied on the wall under a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer flow is investigated using direct numerical simulation. The temporal wall forcing produces a considerable drag reduction over the region where oscillation occurs. Downstream development of drag reduction is investigated from Reynolds number dependency perspective. An alternative to the previously suggested power-law relation between Reynolds number and peak drag reduction values, which is valid for channel flow as well, is proposed. Considerable deviation in the variation of drag reduction with Reynolds number between different previous investigations of channel flow is found. The shift in velocity profile, which has been used in the past for explaining the diminishing drag reduction at higher Reynolds number for riblets, is investigated. A new predictive formula is derived, replacing the ones found in the literature. Furthermore, unlike for the case of riblets, the shift is varying downstream in the case of wall oscillations, which is a manifestation of the fact that the boundary layer has not reached a new equilibrium over the limited downstream distance in the simulations. Taking this into account, the predictive model agrees well with DNS data. On the other hand, the growth of the boundary layer does not influence the drag reduction prediction.
Scalable Resource Sharing using Group Similarity Function in Grid System

The scalability of a grid system should be efficiently designed to handle the increasing number of grid users. This paper presents a scalable resource sharing mechanism among virtual organizations (VO) in grid environment by the scalable virtual organizations (SVO). The proposed grid architecture is composed of standard services of a grid system to manage the SVO. We propose a group similarity function which is used to determine similarities among VOs to select the VOs to merge. We compared other similarity functions to the GSF and determined the throughput performance of the SVO using simulation for grid system.
A statistically based seasonal precipitation forecast model with automatic predictor selection and its application to central and south Asia

Abstract. The study presents a statistically based seasonal precipitation forecast model, which automatically identifies suitable predictors from globally gridded sea surface temperature (SST) and climate variables by means of an extensive data-mining procedure and explicitly avoids the utilization of typical large-scale climate indices. This leads to an enhanced flexibility of the model and enables its automatic calibration for any target area without any prior assumption concerning adequate predictor variables. Potential predictor variables are derived by means of a cell-wise correlation analysis of precipitation anomalies with gridded global climate variables under consideration of varying lead times. Significantly correlated grid cells are subsequently aggregated to predictor regions by means of a variability-based cluster analysis. Finally, for every month and lead time, an individual random-forest-based forecast model is constructed, by means of the preliminary generated predictor variables. Monthly predictions are aggregated to running 3-month periods in order to generate a seasonal precipitation forecast. The model is applied and evaluated for selected target regions in central and south Asia. Particularly for winter and spring in westerly-dominated central Asia, correlation coefficients between forecasted and observed precipitation reach values up to 0.48, although the variability of precipitation rates is strongly underestimated. Likewise, for the monsoonal precipitation amounts in the south Asian target area, correlations of up to 0.5 were detected. The skill of the model for the dry winter season over south Asia is found to be low. A sensitivity analysis with well-known climate indices, such as the El Nino– Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, reveals the major large-scale controlling mechanisms of the seasonal precipitation climate for each target area. For the central Asian target areas, both ENSO and NAO are identified as important controlling factors for precipitation totals during moist winter and spring seasons. Drought conditions are found to be triggered by a cold ENSO phase in combination with a positive state of NAO in northern central Asia, and by cold ENSO conditions in combination with a negative NAO phase in southern central Asia. For the monsoonal summer precipitation amounts over southern Asia, the model suggests a distinct negative response to El Nino events.
SHOT PUT KINEMATICS OF WORLD CLASS ATHLETES WITH AN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

The purpose of this study was to identify basic kinematics differences in shot put kinematics between athletes with an intellectual disability (ID athletes) and able minded athletes. Data collection took place at the 2010 INAS athletics world indoor championships for athletes with an intellectual disability. Four high speed (100Hz) video cameras were utilized to observe 3D kinematics of the shot using the DLT method. The performance of ID athletes observed in this study was much lower compared to the performance of world class able minded athletes described in the literature. An analysis of basic kinematic characteristics of the gliding technique of the ID athletes revealed that they use a reduced acceleration path to release the shot, leading to a reduced speed of release.
Fragmentation dynamics of molecular hydrogen in strong ultrashort laser pulses

We present the results of a systematic experimental study of dissociation and Coulomb explosion of molecular hydrogen induced by intense ultrashort (7–25 fs) laser pulses. Using coincident recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy we can distinguish the contributions from dissociation and double ionization even if they result in the same kinetic energies of the fragments. The dynamics of all fragmentation channels drastically depends on the pulse duration, and for 7 fs pulses becomes extremely sensitive to the pulse shape.
Collaborative Knowledge Sharing and Editing

This article first lists reasons why - in the long term or when creating a new knowledge base (KB) for general knowledge sharing purposes - collaboratively building a well-organized KB does/can provide more possibilities, with on the whole no more costs, than the mainstream approach where knowledge creation and re-use involves searching, merging and creating (semi-)independent (relatively small) ontologies or semi-formal documents. The article lists elements required to achieve this and describes the main one: a KB editing protocol that keeps the KB free of automatically/manually detected inconsistencies while not forcing them to discuss or agree on terminology and beliefs nor requiring a selection committee.
Aerodynamic optimisation of the rear wheel fairing of the land speed record vehicle BLOODHOUND SSC

ABSTRACT This paper describes the design optimisation study used to aerodynamically optimise the fairings that cover the rear wheels of the Land Speed Record vehicle, BLOODHOUND SuperSonic Car (SSC). Initially, using a Design of Experiments approach, a series of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were performed on a set of parametric geometries, with the goal of identifying a fairing geometry that was aerodynamically optimised for the target speed of 1,000 mph. Several aerodynamic properties were considered when deciding what design objectives the fairings would be optimised to achieve; chief amongst these was the minimisation of aerodynamic drag. A parallel, finite-volume Navier–Stokes solver was used on unstructured meshes in order to simulate the complex aerodynamic behaviour of the flow around the vehicle’s rear wheel structure, which involved a rotating wheel, and shockwaves generated close to a supersonic rolling ground plane. It was found that the simple response surface fitting approach did not sufficiently capture the complexities of the optimisation objective function across the high-dimensional design space. As a result, a Nelder–Mead optimisation approach was implemented, coupled with Radial Basis Function design space interpolation to find the final optimised fairing design. This paper presents the results of the optimisation study as well as indicating the likely impact this optimisation will have on the ultimate top speed of this unique vehicle.
Water in star-forming regions with Herschel

The Herschel Space Observatory is well suited to address several important questions in star- and planet formation, as is evident from its first year of operation. This paper focuses on observations of water, a key molecule in the physics and chemistry of star-formation. In the WISH Key Program, a comprehensive set of water lines is being obtained with the HIFI and PACS instruments toward a large sample of well-characterized protostars, covering a wide range of luminosities and evolutionary stages. Lines of H2O, CO and their isotopologues, as well as chemically related hydrides, [O I] and [C II] are observed. Together, the data determine the abundance of water in cold and warm gas, reveal the entire CO ladder up to 4000 K above ground, elucidate the physical processes responsible for the warm gas (passive heating, UV or X-ray-heating, shocks), quantify the main cooling agents, and probe dynamical processes associated with forming stars and planets (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reproductive Biology of the Common Octopus (Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797) in South Kenya

Although common octopus catches are increasing globally, lack of information on the reproductive biology of the species has been a major concern in its management, particularly in Kenya. The present study aimed to investigate the reproductive biology of common octopus at Shimoni and Vanga on the Kenyan south coast. Sampling was undertaken monthly from November 2010 to November 2012 using a traditional fishing spear. The body weight (BW), total length (TL), dorsal mantle length (DML), ventral mantle length (VML) and gonad weight was recorded for each specimen. Maturity stages and gonadosomatic indices (GSI) were determined using standard methods. A total of 1 599 specimens (746 males and 853 females) were collected. The sex ratio was 1:1.1 (males: females) at both Shimoni and Vanga during the study period. Sexual staging of gonads indicated that the common octopus was breeding year round with a spawning peak from June to August. Fecundity estimates ranged from 5 200 to 389 000 oocytes (mean 154 057.6 ± 29 132). The lowest gonadosomatic index values were recorded during the month of September, indicating the end of the spawning period. The female length at first maturity (DML 50%) was 10.8 cm, that for the male was 10.5 cm.
Financial Integration and the Transparency of Firms in Emerging Capital Markets

We examine the association between financial integration and capital market transparency of emerging-market firms. We use four intra-year price timeliness measures derived from the Beekes and Brown (2006, 2007) methods as indicators of the firm’s transparency. The sample comprises 57,465 firm-year observations on listed companies in 24 emerging economies over the period 1995-2010. As expected, we find that greater financial integration is associated with greater transparency, and that the effect is more pronounced when the news about the firm is bad. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), we find evidence of a mechanism through which financial integration enhances the information environment: improved corporate governance.
Spatial-Temporal Separation Based on the Dynamic Recurrent Wavelet Neural Network Modelling for ASP Flooding

In this paper, a three-dimensional spatial-temporal decomposition modelling method is proposed to build the alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding model, in which a new dynamic recurrent wavelet neural network (DRWNN) is presented to identify the temporal coefficients. At first, the detailed mathematical model of ASP flooding is described which is a complex distributed parameter system. Then a three-dimensional spatial-temporal modelling method is inferred based on Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) decomposition to decompose the water saturation of reservoir into a series of spatial basis functions and corresponding temporal coefficients. Furthermore, the recurrent wavelet neural network is used to acquire the identification model, in which the injection concentrations of ASP flooding and temporal coefficients are taken as the input and output information. In order to improve the capability of dynamic modelling, DRWNN is proposed through adding feedback layers and setting the different weights with time to achieve dynamic memory of the past information. Considering the gradient descent method for the neural networks training easily leads to local minimum and slow convergence speed, the spectral conjugate gradient method is introduced to optimize the weights of DRWNN. At last, DRWNN is used to build the relation between the moisture content of production wells and the water saturation of the corresponding grids. Thus, the final approximate model of ASP flooding is finished. The accuracy is proved by model with four injection wells and nine production wells through data from the mechanism model.
Photonic crystals with bound states in continuum and their realization by an advanced digital grading method

The Helmholtz equation can be reshaped into a form analogous to the Schrödinger equation with the term labeled ‘the optical potential’. By following this analogy, we conclude that there exist certain profiles of optical potentials which possess bound states of electric field in the continuous part of the spectrum. One of the methods for generating these specific optical potentials is the application of supersymmetric formalism which transforms a real (initial) potential into a family of complex potentials, which all have one bound state in the continuum. We present general steps of this procedure and illustrate its use through the example of flat initial optical potential. In this particular case, conditions are found for the existence of the bound field in continuum, as well as the expression for the field and the corresponding complex optical potential in an analytic form. In addition, the approximation of digital grading is applied to the generated complex supersymmetric optical potential and the ‘bound’ state is calculated. The complex nature and the sharp variations of the supersymmetric optical potential impose the development of an original and sophisticated method of digital grading.
Biodiversity of Insects in Organic And Chemical Vegetable Fields in Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India

Insect diversity study was carried out in vegetable fields from January-2012 to December 2013 one organic and one chemical vegetable field were selected. Among the different orders Coleopteran was found to have high diversity. Order Odonata and Coccinellidae contained 16 and 13 species respectively. Both organic and chemical farms supported the same number of insect orders. Among the two different farming practices, organic field recorded higher number of taxa during January-June in the year 2012. Maximum number of individuals was collected from organic field. Maximum number of individuals from all taxa was collected during July –December 2012 in organic field. The other season (January-June 2012) also recorded high number of total individuals from organic field. In chemical field very low number of individuals was collected during January-June and July to December in both the year. In the present study maximum insect abundance and total number of individuals were recorded in organic fields. The study proved that organic farming practices can help in the population build-up of natural enemies and pollinators.
Local magnetic measurements in magnetic circuits with highly non-uniform electromagnetic fields

In this paper, local magnetic measurements are carried out in magnetic circuits with non-uniform electromagnetic field patterns, including excitation windings and/or air gaps, as in the case of rotating electrical machines. The effects of sensor choice, sensor noise sensitivity and electromagnetic field inhomogeneity on the accuracy of the identification of the magnetic material properties are investigated. Moreover, the validity of the local magnetic measurements is confirmed by numerical models, based on the finite element method. The paper comprehensively discusses the possibilities, difficulties and limitations of local magnetic measurements in magnetic circuits with non-uniform electromagnetic fields. It is shown that higher accuracy is obtained when the measurements are performed in regions with less stray fields.
Hydrodynamic Engineering Approaches for Modeling of the Surface Cell Morphogenesis as Applications of Rosen's Optimality Theory

 Abstract—This paper considers the application of KuttaJoukowski law for description of a number of phenomenon inherent to biological cells in the framework of Rosen biological optimality theory. The applicability of this approach to model artificial cells is demonstrated and the possible application of similarity theory together with dimensional theory for this purpose is also outlined.
Measuring returns to Education and decomposition of rural-urban Inequality: Evidence from Senegal

In this study, recently developed techniques for unconditional quantile regression are employed to measure both changes in the return to education across quantiles and rural-urban inequality decomposition in consumption expenditure. These methods make use of the Re-centered Influence Function (RIF) to evaluate the impact of changes in the distribution of covariates on the quantiles of the marginal distribution of the outcome variable. The RIF-regression provides a detailed decomposition of quantiles in the same way as means can be decomposed when using the conventional Oaxaca-Blinder method. This study also implements a Bayesian RIF-logit estimation method. These approaches are applied in a linear Mincer equation type to a nationally representative household survey, the Senegal Poverty Monitoring Report (ESPS, 2005). Results primarily suggest that the rate of change in the return to primary education across quantiles are comparatively lower than those to secondary and tertiary educations. Results also suggest that the returns to education are not significant for lower quantiles in rural sectors. Finally, the high rural-urban inequality found in Senegal is attributed in particular to the difference in returns to various covariates. In contrast to the case of Vietnam, the difference in characteristics weakly contributes to the rural-urban inequality.