Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opening PANDORA’s box: APEX observations of CO in PNe

Context. Observations of molecular gas have played a key role in developing the current understanding of the late stages of stellar evolution. Aims. The survey Planetary nebulae AND their cO Reservoir with APEX (PANDORA) was designed to study the circumstellar shells of evolved stars with the aim to estimate their physical parameters. Methods. Millimetre carbon monoxide (CO) emission is the most useful probe of the warm molecular component ejected by low- to intermediate-mass stars. CO is the second-most abundant molecule in the Universe, and the millimetre transitions are easily excited, thus making it particularly useful to study the mass, structure, and kinematics of the molecular gas. We present a large survey of the CO (J = 3−2) line using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope in a sample of 93 proto-planetary nebulae and planetary nebulae. Results. CO (J = 3−2) was detected in 21 of the 93 objects. Only two objects (IRC+10216 and PN M2-9) had previous CO (J = 3−2) detections, therefore we present the first detection of CO (J = 3−2) in the following 19 objects: Frosty Leo, HD 101584, IRAS 19475+3119, PN M1-11, V* V852 Cen, IC 4406, Hen 2-113, Hen 2-133, PN Fg 3, PN Cn 3-1, PN M2-43, PN M1-63, PN M1-65, BD+30 3639, Hen 2-447, Hen 2-459, PN M3-35, NGC 3132, and NGC 6326. Conclusions. CO (J = 3−2) was detected in all 4 observed pPNe (100%), 15 of the 75 PNe (20%), one of the 4 wide binaries (25%), and in 1 of the 10 close binaries (10%). Using the CO (J = 3−2) line, we estimated the column density and mass of each source. The H2 column density ranges from 1.7 × 1018 to 4.2 × 1021 cm−2 and the molecular mass ranges from 2.7 × 10−4 to 1.7 × 10−1 M⊙.
A Flexible Encrypting Approach for Collaborative Document Editing

With the development of Internet, collaborative document editing has become the indispensable function in collaborative office area. However, the security of collaborative document editing has been a key challenge in collaborative office area. Traditional approaches mostly adopt central server for defining and enforcing the access control policies to ensure the security of document editing, which cannot provide harmonious human-computer interactions. This paper proposes a free-locking encrypting approach to preserve the security of collaborative document editing, which supports sufficient responsiveness to the collaborative workers and improves collaborative office efficiency.
Expedition 360 summary

International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 360 was the first leg of Phase I of the SloMo (shorthand for “The nature of the lower crust and Moho at slower spreading ridges”) Project, a multiphase drilling program that proposes to drill through the outermost of the global seismic velocity discontinuities, the Mohorovičić seismic discontinuity (Moho). The Moho corresponds to a compressional wave velocity increase, typically at ~7 km beneath the oceans, and has generally been regarded as the boundary between crust and mantle. An alternative model, that the Moho is a hydration front in the mantle, has recently gained credence upon the discovery of abundant partially serpentinized peridotite on the seafloor and on the walls of fracture zones, such as at Atlantis Bank, an 11–13 My old elevated oceanic core complex massif adjacent to the Atlantis II Transform on the Southwest Indian Ridge. Hole U1473A was drilled on the summit of Atlantis Bank during Expedition 360, 1–2 km away from two previous Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) holes: Hole 735B (drilled during ODP Leg 118 in 1987 and ODP Leg 176 in 1997) and Hole 1105A (drilled during ODP Leg 179 in 1998). A mantle peridotite/gabbro contact has been traced by dredging and diving along the transform wall for 40 km. The contact is located at ~4200 m depth on the transform wall below the drill sites but shoals considerably 20 km to the south, where it was observed in outcrop at 2563 m depth. Moho reflections, however, have been found at ~5–6 km beneath Atlantis Bank and <4 km beneath the transform wall, leading to the suggestion that the seismic discontinuity may not represent the crust/mantle boundary but rather an alteration (serpentinization) front. This in turn raises the interesting possibility that methanogenesis associated with serpentinization could support a whole new planetary biosphere deep in the oceanic basement. The SloMo Project seeks to test these hypotheses at Atlantis Bank and evaluate the processes of natural carbon sequestration in the lower crust and uppermost mantle. A primary objective of SloMo Leg 1 was to explore the lateral variability of the stratigraphy established in Hole 735B. Comparison of Hole U1473A with Holes 735B and 1105A allows us to demonstrate a continuity of process and complex interplay of magmatic accretion and steady-state detachment faulting over a time period of ~128 ky. Preliminary assessment indicates that these sections of lower crust are constructed by repeated cycles of intrusion, represented in Hole U1473A by approximately three upwardly differentiated hundreds of meter–scale bodies of olivine gabbro broadly similar to those encountered in the deeper parts of Hole 735B. Specific aims of Expedition 360 focused on gaining an understanding of how magmatism and tectonism interact in accommodating seafloor spreading, how magnetic reversal boundaries are expressed in the lower crust, assessing the role of the lower crust and shallow mantle in the global carbon cycle, and constraining the extent and nature of life at deep levels within the ocean lithosphere.
Antioxidant activity of Northern Ontario medicinal plants and their protective effect on the H9c2 cardiovascular cells against hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidative stress

Increased intracellular oxidative stress generated by the propagation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. In the present investigation, the cardio-protective effect of Cornus canadensis L. , Petasites frigidus (L.) Fr. , Ledum palustre L. and Prunella vulgaris L. northern Ontario medicinal plants on the H9c2 cardiomyocytes against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mediated oxidative stress was evaluated (in vitro). The total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity were also determined. The antioxidant activity is observed in the following hierarchy: C. canadensis leaf>P. vulgaris leaf>L. palustre leaf>C. canadensis stem>P. vulgaris stem>L. palustre stem >P. frigidus leaf. A high correlation (R 2 ≥0.91) was observed
Awareness and Beliefs of Antimicrobial Resistance among Health Professionals Working at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa: Ethiopia

Introduction: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an everincreasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. In recent years, since the rate at which resistance occurs has outpaced the development of new drug replacements, it has become necessary to use the currently available agents, optimally and appropriately. The aim of this study was to assess the medical staff awareness towards the most common resistant bacteria species, the factors contributing to the lack of awareness, and the possible measures to address the awareness gap. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to 205 health care professionals including physicians, pharmacists, and nurses at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospitals, Addis Ababa-Ethiopia. Results: The study identified that most of the responding physicians and pharmacists considered Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as the most frequently encountered resistant bacterial species. However, nurses recognized both MRSA and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Gramnegative bacilli (ESBL) as the most prevalent resistant species. Majority of physicians (79.2%) and pharmacists (79.9%) reported prolonged hospitalization as a factor likely to contribute to the increased incidence of bacterial resistance. About 66.0% of pharmacists indicated that the use of antibiotics without prescription as a significant reason for the development of bacterial resistance. Most of the physicians (71.4%) reported that appropriate infection control is the most important measure to reduce bacterial resistance. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that there was good awareness of the most common AMR etiologies and their risk factors among the different discipline health professionals. Even though there was a varying level of awareness among the health care professionals. Continuous medical education programs would be desirable to keep the health care professionals updated and diminish the future risk of excessive bacterial resistance.
Application of a Modified Broyden's Method in the Finite Difference Method for Electromagnetic Field Solutions

The method outlined in the paper is a modifled Broyden's method that ofiers an e-cient approach to solve the nonlinear equation set obtained as a result of application of the Finite Difierence Method (FDM) and is applicable for an anisotropic and nonlinear electromag- netic environment. As the classical Broyden's method, the new method does not require the determination of the Jacobi matrix elements. An example presented in the paper illustrates the application of the proposed method to nonlinear magnetic circuit conflgurations described by FDM. The fundamental approach to solving nonlinear equation sets is the Newton-Raphson (Newton's) matrix method. It requires time-consuming computations of the Jacobi matrix with evaluations of partial derivative functions. In order to avoid this computational expense, the Broyden's method (1) is used that does not require the evaluation of the Jacobi matrix of partial derivatives. In general the Broyden's method and its derivatives such as (2) are classifled as an extension of the secant method of root flnding to higher dimensions. In the case of nonlinear and/or anisotropic materials, the basic Broyden's method does not guarantee a successful solution. An alternative method could be the direct application of the simple iterative method that in the case of non-linear magnetic circuits also often fails to converge. The method outlined in the paper is a modifled Broyden's method that ofiers an e-cient ap- proach to solve the nonlinear equation set obtained as a result of application of the Finite Difierence Method (FDM) and is applicable for an anisotropic and/or nonlinear electromagnetic environ- ment (3). 2. THE PROBLEM The example used to illustrate the application of the modifled Broyden's method as applied to an anisotropic nonlinear magnetic environment is a solenoid consisting of a coil with a ferromagnetic core. There are three difierent magnetic permeability values in the system: that of the winding, the surrounding air and the ferromagnetic core (nonlinear fleld dependent function). The nonlinear equation system was created using the Finite Difierence Method (FDM). The investigated solenoid's volume was discretised using a rectangular non-uniform mesh of points. Mixed boundary conditions were used for this case, which were boundary conditions of Neumann and Dirichlet types specifled on difierent subsets of the boundary. Neumann boundary conditions, that assume the continuity of the normal component of the magnetic ∞ux density vector, were used for points situated on the border between environments with difierent material parameters. For the points far away from the magnetic fleld source, where the magnetic fleld is close to zero, Dirichlet boundary conditions were used. The object's symmetry simplifled the analysed conflguration to a quarter of the complete system. The simplifying assumptions and resulting equations for the solenoid are presented in (3,4). 3. THE ALGORITHM
Field Test of Hydrogen in the Natural Gas Grid

It has become ever clearer that the resource of natural gas is an energy source which will be less important in the future due to limitations in natural reserves. In order to prepare for the future the gas industry is looking at alternative gaseous fuels, one such fuel gas is hydrogen. In order to prepare for a future use of hydrogen it became evident that very little information exists regarding the compatibility between long term exposure and transportation of hydrogen in steel gas transmission pipelines and polyethylene gas distribution pipelines. A program was therefore set to study the transportation in a small scale pilot grid at the field test facilities of the Danish Gas Technology Centre situated at the Scion-DTU research centre in Hörsholm, Denmark. The test program included
Niobium carbide synthesis by solid-gas reaction using a rotating cylinder reactor

A rotating cylinder reactor was designed for the synthesis of niobium carbide powders at 1173 K. Niobium carbide, NbC, was prepared by carbothermal reduction starting from commercial niobium pentoxide powders. The reactor was heated using a custom-made, two-part, hinged, electric furnace with programmable temperature control. The design and operational details of the reactor are presented. The longitudinal temperature gradient inside the reactor was determined. Total reaction time was monitored by a gas chromatograph equipped with an FID detector for determination of methane concentrations. The results show that time of reaction depended on rotation speed. NbC was also prepared in a static-bed alumina reactor using the same conditions as in the previous case. The niobium carbide powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction and compared with commercially available products. Morphological, particle size distribution and surface area analyses were obtained using SEM, LDPS and BET, respectively. Therefore, the present study offers a significant technological contribution to the synthesis of NbC powders in a rotating cylinder reactor.
Current control circuit

A current control circuit includes a first drive switching device, a gate power source, a control switching device, a first resistor, an operational amplifier, and a switching circuit. The operational amplifier includes: an output terminal connected to the control switching device; a non-inverting input terminal; and an inverting input terminal configured to receive a reference potential. The switching circuit is configured to: input a value based on a potential difference between both ends of the first resistor to the non-inverting input terminal when a current flowing through the first drive switching device is equal to or smaller than a threshold level; and input a value based on a potential on a current pathway between the control switching device and the first drive switching device to the non-inverting input terminal when the current flowing through the first drive switching device is greater than the threshold level.
Corporate Governance and Firm Value: International Evidence

In this paper, we investigate the relation between firm-level corporate governance and firm value based on a large and previously unused dataset from Governance Metrics International (GMI) comprising 6663 firm-year observations from 22 developed countries over the period from 2003 to 2007. Based on a set of 64 individual governance attributes we construct two alternative additive corporate governance indices with equal weights attributed to the governance attributes and one index derived from a principal component analysis. For all three indices we find a strong and positive relation between firm-level corporate governance and firm valuation. In addition, we investigate the value relevance of governance attributes that document the companies' social behavior. Regardless of whether these attributes are considered individually or aggregated into indices, and even when "standard" corporate governance attributes are controlled for, they exhibit a positive and significant effect on firm value. Our findings are robust to alternative calculation procedures for the corporate governance indices and to alternative estimation techniques.
A Comparative Corpus-based Analysis of Genre Specific Discourse: The Quantitative and Qualitative Academic Papers in the Field of the TEFL

This study attempts to analysis the different parts of quantitative and qualitative research articles in the field of TEFL comparatively to present a convenient pattern for novice EFL students or researchers in a non-English context. Benefited from mix method, current study investigated the similarities and differences between the two genres-specific corpora. In order to induce accurate and creditable result, data-analyzing process was implemented through both computer-based programs and hand- tagged analysis. Fifty quantitative and qualitative TEFL research articles from high-ranking ELT journals were selected and then analyzed. Swales CARS model (2004) was considered as a framework of analysis. Moreover, interpreting of obtaining results from the vocabulary profile program, the readability statistics of two corpora, fulfilled through non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The conducted results according to significant level of x < 0.5 or x = 0.05 demonstrated that the differences between quantitative and qualitative research articles from lexio-grammatical and rhetorical features were insignificant. On the contrary, move-structure analyzing of both genre indicated that there are some variation between some exercise of move-step structure. These findings may provide confirmatory and useful evidences for academic researchers in the EFL context.
Use of Audio-Haptic Interface Techniques to Allow Nonvisual Access to Touchscreen Appliances

Thiazolines substituted at the 2-position with 2-substituted phenylhydrazino or 2-substituted phenylazo groups are disclosed. The hydrazino group may also be substituted. The compounds are active anthelmintics, antihypertensive and ectoparasiticidal agents.
Data Processing Programs for Analysis of Diffraction Images of Macromolecular Crystals Recorded using Synchrotron Radiation

Besides the crystal preparation, the rst and crucial step in the process of protein structure determination is proper processing of the collected di raction images, as they provide the experimental observations used throughout the entire process of structure solution and re nement. In the last two decades several computer programs have been developed. Among the most used and popular are: HKL2000, MOSFLM, d*TREK and XDS package. To nd out the advantages and disadvantages of the data processing programs, several very di erent data sets, including di raction data from DNA/RNA and protein crystals were tested. It has been found that all the major programs for processing and analysis of di raction data give excellent and comparable results with good quality, medium resolution data sets, but their treatment of very high resolution or imperfect data di ers in terms of indexing, spot integration, scaling and the treatment of errors. If the di raction data are of good quality and the problem is relatively straightforward, the automated approach to data processing may be most appropriate. On the other hand, if one is trying to squeeze out as much information from the experimental data as possible, then only expert manual processing can be successful, regardless of the data quality.
Creating Awareness for Efficient Energy Use in Smart Homes

Energy advisory services are designed to help habitants of smart homes to learn about their consumption patterns and eventually save and use energy more efficiently. In this paper we sketch some ideas for energy advisory services and present a layered software architecture that facilitates the integration of systems for power metering, home automation, and user interface technologies.
Using E-Health Programs to Overcome Barriers to the Effective Treatment of Mental Health and Addiction Problems

E-Health programs for mental illness and addictive behaviors have recently emerged as potentially useful self-help resources. Health care professionals will soon have the option of referring clients to free-to-end-user online, expert-moderated e-health programs as complementary means of assisting clients. Such programs will have significant implications for developing improved stepped models of care. This article describes various e-health programs and lessons learned related to access, promotion, user demographics, and patterns of use. In addition, validation procedures, effectiveness and attrition rates, fitting and tailoring, and qualitative analyses of social networks are described. It is difficult to validate e-health programs that are completely anonymous and do not require registration, personal interaction, or membership fees. As competition emerges in the budding e-health industry, best practice guidelines will need to be developed for collecting data and evaluating the utility of these programs.
Porosity Detection by Computed Tomography

Industrial computed tomography (CT) supports quality inspection of manufactured technical objects and product development thanks to its possibility of non-destructive detection of porosity. Application of computed tomography to porosity detection permits not only qualitative evaluation of internal structure of objects, but also quantitative evaluation of material porosity with representation of three-dimensional shape of pores and their spatial distribution. The paper presents a brief characteristic of the factors influencing effectiveness of porosity detection by CT. A technical example illustrates influence of the applied magnification on the possibility to detect porosity and represent shapes of pores. Next, the results of porosity evaluation obtained by CT and by standard microscopic examinations are compared. It was demonstrated that result of porosity detection is influenced by magnification and resolution of CT measurements.