Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Banach Gelfand Triples for Applications in Physics and Engineering

The principle of extension is widespread within mathematics. Starting from simple objects one constructs more sophisticated ones, with a kind of natural embedding from the set of old objects to the new, enlarged set. Usually a set of operations on the old set can still be carried out, but maybe also some new ones. Done properly one obtains more completed objects of a similar kind, with additional useful properties. Let us give a simple example: While multiplication and addition can be done exactly and perfectly in the setting of Q, the rational numbers, the field R of real numbers has the advantage of being complete (Cauchy sequences have a limit…) and hence allowing for numbers like π or 2. Finally the even “more complicated” field C of complex numbers allows to find solutions to equations like z2 = −1. The chain of inclusions of fields, Q⊂R⊂C is a good motivating example in the domain of “numbers. ”The main subject of the present survey‐type article is a new theory of Banach Gelfand triples (BGTs), provi.
Clonality, polyploidy and spatial population structure in Baltic Sea Fucus vesiculosus

Abstract Genetic characteristics of populations can have substantial impacts on the adaptive potential of a species. Species are heterogeneous, often defined by variability at a range of scales including at the genetic, individual and population level. Using microsatellite genotyping, we characterize patterns underlying the genetic heterogeneity in marine macroalga Fucus vesiculosus, with a particular focus on two forms: attached and free‐living. Here we demonstrate that sympatric populations representing the two forms display marked differences in characteristics of reproduction and genetic diversity. Asexual reproduction was ubiquitous in the free‐living form despite being almost entirely absent in the attached form, while signals of polyploidy were common in both forms despite the distinct reproductive modes. Gene flow within and between the forms differed, with barriers to gene flow occurring between forms at various spatial scales due to the reproductive modes employed by individuals of each form. The divergent genetic characteristics of F. vesiculosus demonstrate that intraspecific differences can influence the properties of populations with consequential effects on the whole ecosystem. The differing genetic patterns and habitat requirements of the two forms define separate but closely associated ecological entities that will likely display divergent responses to future changes in environmental conditions.
Enhanced Absorption of a Patterned Thin Germanium Layer as a High-Contrast Grating

Absorbers such as photonic crystals, metasurfaces, and nanowires have been demonstrated to have important applications in solar cells, detectors, etc. The application of thin-layer-based absorbers to photodetectors is beneficial to simultaneously improve responsivity and 3 dB bandwidth. In this work, we propose a high-contrast-gratings-like absorber to achieve ultra-high absorption based on a thin Germanium layer. High absorption approximately 95% at wavelength 1310 nm is reached for TE-polarized incidence due to the interference of two guided modes, which is 4 times compared to the planar film with the same thickness. The high absorption of the absorber is also experimentally demonstrated. This work shows a new method for enhanced absorption with thin Germanium layer, indicating a promising prospect for high-efficiency photodetection.
A classical wave-packet approach to shot noise: power spectrum, Fano factor, and effective charge

The progress in nanofabrication, measurement technology, and mesoscopic transport theory has been expanding the field of shot noise. Although a wave-packet approach to DC shot noise of independent electrons at finite temperature was offered as an intuitive alternative to the sophisticated theories, actual shot noise data often behave more complicated than the derived simple expression. For example, so-called effective charge can deviate from elementary electronic charge due to correlated tunnelings. Also, there are cases where one wishes to know the full spectrum of the shot noise. It will be of great use if a handy method for the shot noise in various experimental situations is available. In this article, a classical wave-packet approach to the shot noise is presented. The classical formulation provides a rigorous yet straightforward formalism to compute the full spectrum and, furthermore, clarifies the structure of Fano factor and effective charge. Additionally, the role of realistic detectors and an application to cross correlation measurements are also discussed. The present method can serve as an intuitive complement to the full quantum mechanical and field theoretical approaches.
An Examination of the Flexural Characteristics of RebarReinforced Castalled Beams with Hybridization

This paper examines the flexural behaviour of castalled beams reinforced with hybridization steel rebar and covered with CFRP sheet. Seven samples were cast and tested under two-point stress, six of which had CFRP hybrid steel bar/sheet reinforcement and one of which served as a control beam and had normal steel bars strengthening it. The diameter of the hybrid CFRP and the quantity of carbon sheet warping steel bar were the two main factors taken into account. Studies on failure mechanisms, beginning and final cracking loads, crack patterns, load-deflection curves, and maximum deflection have been conducted. Experiments showed that a hybrid steel bar/sheet CFRP approach generated the same behaviour as control beams while reducing maximum deflection. Additionally, it boosted load capacity by 4.35 percent, or 42.61 percent, over the reference beam. Although the initial cracking load remained unchanged, all supplemented specimens showed a general decrease in maximum displacement when compared to the control sample. In compared to the control beam, the hybridization length, which is two-thirds of the beam's length, provides the optimum reinforcing length for points one and two in terms of ultimate load by 21.74 percent and 39.13 percent, respectively.
Robust point‐to‐point iterative learning control for constrained systems: A minimum energy approach

Iterative learning control (ILC) is a high performance control scenario that is widely applied to systems that repeat a given task or operation defined over a finite duration, and has been introduced to point‐to‐point motion tasks in existing work. However, its design degree of freedom has not been fully utilized to optimize performance beyond tracking accuracy in constrained conditions. The framework of point‐to‐point ILC in this article is extended within discrete linear time‐invariant (LTI) system, so as to take the tracking time instants of desired positions as changing variables. Therefore, it is possible to achieve the objective of minimizing energy while maintaining the required tracking accuracy. The multiobjective optimization problem is divided into two sub‐problems, which are solved with an iterative algorithm composed of norm‐optimal ILC approach as well as the coordinate descend method. Furthermore, the impact of model uncertainty on algorithm performance is also considered, and the iterative algorithm is further extended to capture constrained systems. The algorithm is robust to the model uncertainty and has a certain robustness to output disturbances. Finally, the validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by a twin rotor aerodynamic system (TRAS) model.
Methodologies and Challenges: Detection and Classification Techniques for Brain Tumor of Magnetic Resonance Images

Brain tumors are now the 10th most prevalent type of tumor, affecting both children and adults, thanks to a considerable rise in incidence in recent years. If caught early enough, It is also one of the tumor forms that is most easily treated. In order to detect the kind and stage of tumor, scientists and researchers have been attempting to create advanced procedures and approaches. For re-sectioning and assessing irregularities in the shape, size, or location of brain tissues that in turn aid in the detection of tumors, two techniques that are extensively utilized are Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computer Tomography (CT). Doctors favor MRI over CT scan because of its benefits, which are addressed later in the text. As MRI provides non-invasive imaging, the cerebrum is one of the most profoundly involved locations in the medical science network. This paper offers a thorough review of the literature on approaches for detecting brain tumors and classifying abnormalities and normalcy in MRI images based on many methodologies such as deep learning techniques, meta-heuristic techniques, and their hybridization. It consists of the presentation and quantitative investigation of best-in-class strategies using conventional detection and classification techniques.
The Primary orbit and the absorption-lines of HDE-226868 (Cygnus X-1)

From Reticon spectra of about 1 A resolution taken between 1980 and 1984, the radial velocity curve of HDE 226868 is found to be characteristic of a single-line spectroscopic binary with K = 75.0 + or - 1.0 km/s and e = 0.0. Combining historical velocities from the literature with present data and applying a period-folding analysis, a period of 5.59964 + or - 0.00001 days is found. These values agree well with those published by Gies and Bolton (1982). The value of v sin i is estimated to be 94.3 + or - 5 km/s from CFHT Reticon spectra taken at 0.1 A resolution. Assuming that the rotation of the primary is synchronized to the orbital revolution of the secondary gives a primary to secondary mass ratio between 1.5 and 2.3. An absolute magnitude of -6.5 + or - 0.2 is derived from the equivalent width of H-gamma (1.5 + or - 0.1 A) and the calibration of Walker and Millward (1985), which is consistent with the spectral classification of O9.7 Iab. Assuming 20 solar masses as a reasonable estimate for the mass of the primary implies a mass of 10 + or - 1 solar masses for themore » secondary. 62 references. « less
ON THE CONVERGENCE OF AN APPROXIMATE PROXIMAL METHOD FOR DC FUNCTIONS

Abstract In this paper we prove the convergence of the approximate proximal method for DC functions proposed by Sun et al [6]. Our analysis also permits to treat the exact method. We then propose an interesting result in the case where the second component of the DC function is differentiable and provide some computational experiences which proved the efficiency of our method.
Domain Knowledge Distillation and Supervised Contrastive Learning for Industrial Process Monitoring

To ensure the reliability and safety of modern industrial process monitoring, computer vision-based soft measurement has received considerable attention due to its nonintrusive property. State-of-the-art computer vision-based approaches mostly rely on feature embedding from deep neural networks. However, this kind of feature extraction suffers from noise effects and limitation of labeled training instances, leading to unsatisfactory performance in real industrial process monitoring. In this article, we develop a novel hybrid learning framework for feature representation based on knowledge distillation and supervised contrastive learning. First, we attempt to transfer the abundant semantic information in handcrafted features to deep learning feature-based network by knowledge distillation. Then, to enhance the feature discrimination, supervised contrastive learning is proposed to contrast many positive pairs against many negative pairs per anchor. Meanwhile, two important mechanisms, memory queue-based negative sample augmentation and hard negative sampling, are added into the supervised contrastive learning model to assist the proper selection of negative samples. Finally, a flotation process monitoring problem is considered to illustrate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Near-critical spanning forests and renormalization

We study random two-dimensional spanning forests in the plane that can be viewed both in the discrete case and in their appropriately taken scaling limits as a uniformly chosen spanning tree with some Poissonian deletion of edges or points. We show how to relate these scaling limits to a stationary distribution of a natural coalescent-type Markov process on a state-space of abstract graphs with real-valued edge-weights. This Markov process can be interpreted as a renormalization flow. This provides a model for which one can rigorously implement the formalism proposed by the third author in order to relate the law of the scaling limit of a critical model to a stationary distribution of such a renormalization/Markov process: When starting from any two-dimensional lattice with constant edge-weights, the Markov process does indeed converge in law to this stationary distribution that corresponds to a scaling limit of UST with Poissonian deletions. The results of this paper heavily build on the convergence in distribution of branches of the UST to SLE$_2$ (a result by Lawler, Schramm and Werner) as well as on the convergence of the suitably renormalized length of the loop-erased random walk to the "natural parametrization" of the SLE$_2$ (a recent result by Lawler and Viklund).
Use of an Autologous Platelet-Rich Concentrate in Hypospadias Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta analysis

ABSTRACT Background There is unanimous agreement amongst hypospadias surgeons to use an intermediate layer to cover the neourethra. Dartos fascia and tunica vaginalis (TV) flaps are the most preferred tissues to be used. Tissue glue, sealants and biomaterials are also useful where there is a paucity of local tissue to cover the neourethra. But these blood-derived products have associated infectious and allergic risks. The autologous human platelet concentrate (APC) contains biologically active factors and is safe for wound healing and soft tissue reconstruction. It has been used by few surgeons as an intermediate layer in hypospadias repair. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to systematically compare the outcomes of hypospadias surgery in children with or without using APCs. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Meta-analysis protocol was registered with INPLASY. A systematic, detailed search was carried out by the authors in the electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, Google Scholar and clinical trial registry. Studies were selected and compared based on primary outcome measures like urethra-cutaneous fistula, meatal stenosis, wound infection and operative time. Statistical analysis was performed using a fixed-effect model, pooled risk ratio and I2 heterogeneity. Results Four randomized studies with a total of 355 patients were included. Pooled analysis for outcome of urethra-cutaneous fistula (UCF) showed no significant difference between the groups with APC and without APC. Pooled analysis for the other outcome like meatal stenosis, wound infection and total complications showed a decrease in incidence of these complications in groups with APC. Conclusion This meta-analysis shows that there is a reduction in the incidence of wound infection, meatal stenosis and total complications in patients where APC was used to cover the neourethra, although no such difference was observed in UCF rates.
Prokaryotic Expression of Eimeria magna SAG10 and SAG11 Genes and the Preliminary Evaluation of the Effect of the Recombinant Protein on Immune Protection in Rabbits

Eimeria magna is a common coccidia in the intestines of rabbits, causing anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea, and bloody stools. This study cloned and determined the expression levels of four Eimeria surface antigens (EmSAGs) at different developmental stages and showed that EmSAG10 and EmSAG11 are highly expressed at the merozoite stage. Rabbits were immunized with rEmSAG10 and rEmSAG11, and then challenged with E. magna after 2 weeks. Serum-specific antibodies and cytokine levels were detected using ELISA. Immune protection was evaluated based on the rate of the oocysts decrease, the output of oocysts (p < 0.05), the average weight gain, and the feed: meat ratio. Our results showed that rabbits immunized with rEmSAG10 and rEmSAG11 had a higher average weight gain (62.7%, 61.1%), feed; meat ratio (3.8:1, 4.5:1), and the oocysts decrease rate (70.8%, 81.2%) than those in the control group, and also significantly reduced intestinal lesions. The specific IgG level increased one week after the first rEmSAG10 and rEmSAG11 immunization and was maintained until two weeks after the challenge (p < 0.05). The TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-10 levels in the serum increased significantly after the secondary immunization with rEmSAG10 and rEmSAG11, while the IL-2 levels increased significantly after the secondary immunization with rEmSAG11 (both p < 0.05), suggesting that rEmSAG10 can induce a humoral and cellular immunity, while rEmSAG11 can only induce a humoral immunity. Therefore, rEmSAG10 is a candidate antigen for E. magna recombinant subunit vaccines.
A Hydrofluoric Acid-Free Green Synthesis of Magnetic M.Ti2CTx Nanostructures for the Sequestration of Cesium and Strontium Radionuclide

Highlights An environmentally friendly MAX phase etching methodology was established Sodium hydroxide produced magnetic layered M.Ti2CTx nanostructure M.Ti2C-AIII exhibited exceptional Sr2+ and Cs+ removal capacities of 376 and 142.88 mg/g Highly efficient magnetic nanostructures permitted selective radionuclide removal Abstract MAX phases are the parent materials used for the formation of MXenes, and are generally obtained by etching using the highly corrosive acid HF. To develop a more environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of MXenes, in this work, titanium aluminum carbide MAX phase (Ti2AlC) was fabricated and etched using NaOH. Further, magnetic properties were induced during the etching process in a single-step etching process that led to the formation of a magnetic composite. By carefully controlling etching conditions such as etching agent concentration and time, different structures could be produced (denoted as M.Ti2CTx). Magnetic nanostructures with unique physico-chemical characteristics, including a large number of binding sites, were utilized to adsorb radionuclide Sr2+ and Cs+ cations from different matrices, including deionized, tap, and seawater. The produced adsorbents were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The synthesized materials were found to be very stable in the aqueous phase, compared with corrosive acid-etched MXenes, acquiring a distinctive structure with oxygen-containing functional moieties. Sr2+ and Cs+ removal efficiencies of M.Ti2CTx were assessed via conventional batch adsorption experiments. M.Ti2CTx-AIII showed the highest adsorption performance among other M.Ti2CTx phases, with maximum adsorption capacities of 376.05 and 142.88 mg/g for Sr2+ and Cs+, respectively, which are among the highest adsorption capacities reported for comparable adsorbents such as graphene oxide and MXenes. Moreover, in seawater, the removal efficiencies for Sr2+ and Cs+ were greater than 93% and 31%, respectively. Analysis of the removal mechanism validates the electrostatic interactions between M.Ti2C-AIII and radionuclides.
Characteristics of polarization of geomagnetic sudden commencements at geostationary orbit

Analyse de la polarisation des SC d'apres les donnees des GEOS 2 et 3 (aout 1978-aout 1980). Le renversement de la polarisation, a 11-14 h T.L. , est lie au front de l'onde de choc ou aux discontinuites du milieu interplanetaire
Sequential one‐step estimator by sub‐sampling for customer churn analysis with massive data sets

Customer churn is one of the most important concerns for large companies. Currently, massive data are often encountered in customer churn analysis, which bring new challenges for model computation. To cope with these concerns, sub‐sampling methods are often used to accomplish data analysis tasks of large scale. To cover more informative samples in one sampling round, classic sub‐sampling methods need to compute non‐uniform sampling probabilities for all data points. However, this method creates a huge computational burden for data sets of large scale and therefore, is not applicable in practice. In this study, we propose a sequential one‐step (SOS) estimation method based on repeated sub‐sampling data sets. In the SOS method, data points need to be sampled only with uniform probabilities, and the sampling step is conducted repeatedly. In each sampling step, a new estimate is computed via one‐step updating based on the newly sampled data points. This leads to a sequence of estimates, of which the final SOS estimate is their average. We theoretically show that both the bias and the standard error of the SOS estimator can decrease with increasing sub‐sampling sizes or sub‐sampling times. The finite sample SOS performances are assessed through simulations. Finally, we apply this SOS method to analyse a real large‐scale customer churn data set in a securities company. The results show that the SOS method has good interpretability and prediction power in this real application.
New approach to solving a spectral problem in a perturbed periodic waveguide

This thesis presents a numerical investigation of a problem on a semi infinite waveguide. The domain considered here is of a much more general form than those that have been considered using classical techniques. The motivation for this work originates from the work in 28, where unlike here, a perturbation technique was used to solve a simpler problem.
Three-Pillar Sustainability and Brand Image: A Qualitative Investigation in Thailand’s Household Durables Industry

Many companies nowadays implement sustainable practices internally, and build brand images that communicate sustainability. However, there are different degrees of ‘sustainability’. This study examines the extent to which full three-pillar sustainability (environmental, social, economic) translates into a sustainable brand image among consumers in Thailand. Nine major companies producing household durables were scored based on their website information, using the Dow Jones Sustainability Index to identify those having high-, mid-, and low-level sustainability implementation. In-depth interviews were conducted with three managers in one company at each level, and three consumers who mainly buy household durables from each company were also interviewed. Manager interviews confirmed that the level of sustainability implementation evident on the website is fairly accurate. Consumers roughly translate this into brand image reflecting the degree of the company’s sustainability, but the mapping is not exact. Stronger communications about the company’s sustainability seem able to improve consumer perceptions somewhat. Consumers are quite aware of three-pillar sustainability, but often do not explicitly consider all three pillars in their product decisions. However, the long-term trend seems to be toward merging the separate market segments into a comprehensive, three-pillar sustainability-oriented segment.