Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transition Structure Between Coaxial Cable and Dielectric Rod Waveguide in Microwave Frequency

The dielectric waveguide in THz and millimeter circuit is widely researched. However, it is rarely researched in a microwave frequency. In this article, a dielectric rod waveguide (DRW) is proposed with low transmission loss in microwave frequency. For the purpose of impedance matching, a transition section composed of the metal-coated dielectric cavity, and a dielectric horn is presented to match the impedance between the coaxial cable and the dielectric rod waveguide. Finally, the dielectric rod waveguide and the transition section have been fabricated for experimental verification. To obtain the propagation constant of the DRW, the thru-line (TL) calibration is used in measurement. The simulation and measurement results show an effective conversion between the coaxial cable and the dielectric rod waveguide.
Protective Effect of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Against Chilling Stress During Reproductive Stage in Tomato Plants Through Modulation of Sugar Metabolism, Chloroplast Integrity, and Antioxidative Defense Systems

Despite the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plant tolerance to chilling stress having been widely discussed in the seedling stage, very little information is clear regarding its implication in chilling tolerance during the reproductive stage of the plant. Here, we investigated the influence of GABA (1 and 2mM) as a foliar application on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Super Marmande) subjected to chilling stress (5°C for 6h/day) for 5 successive days during the flowering stage. The results indicated that applied GABA differentially influenced leaf pigment composition by decreasing the chlorophyll a/b ratio and increasing the anthocyanin relative to total chlorophyll. However, carotenoids were not affected in both GABA-treated and non-treated stressed plants. Root tissues significantly exhibited an increase in thermo-tolerance in GABA-treated plants. Furthermore, applied GABA substantially alleviated the chilling-induced oxidative damage by protecting cell membrane integrity and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. This positive effect of GABA was associated with enhancing the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Conversely, a downregulation of peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was observed under chilling stress which indicates its relevance in phenol metabolism. Interesting correlations were obtained between GABA-induced upregulation of sugar metabolism coinciding with altering secondary metabolism, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and maintaining the integrity of plastids’ ultrastructure Eventually, applied GABA especially at 2mM improved the fruit yield and could be recommended to mitigate the damage of chilling stress in tomato plants.
Building High Strength Mixed Covering Arrays with Constraints

Covering arrays have become a key piece in Combinatorial Testing. In particular, we focus on the efficient construction of Covering Arrays with Constraints of high strength. SAT solving technology has been proven to be well suited when solving Covering Arrays with Constraints. However, the size of the SAT reformulations rapidly grows up with higher strengths. To this end, we present a new incomplete algorithm that mitigates substantially memory blow-ups. The experimental results confirm the goodness of the approach, opening avenues for new practical applications.
Evaluating the Hardness of SAT Instances Using Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms

Propositional satisfiability (SAT) solvers are deemed to be among the most efficient reasoners, which have been successfully used in a wide range of practical applications. As this contrasts the well-known NP-completeness of SAT, a number of attempts have been made in the recent past to assess the hardness of propositional formulas in conjunctive normal form (CNF). The present paper proposes a CNF formula hardness measure which is close in conceptual meaning to the one based on Backdoor set notion: in both cases some subset B of variables in a CNF formula is used to define the hardness of the formula w.r. t. this set. In contrast to the backdoor measure, the new measure does not demand the polynomial decidability of CNF formulas obtained when substituting assignments of variables from B to the original formula. To estimate this measure the paper suggests an adaptive ( ε, δ )-approximation probabilistic algorithm. The problem of looking for the subset of variables which provides the minimal hardness value is reduced to optimization of a pseudo-Boolean black-box function. We apply evolutionary algorithms to this problem and demonstrate applicability of proposed notions and techniques to tests from several families of unsatisfiable CNF formulas.
A Job Dispatcher for Large and Heterogeneous HPC Systems Running Modern Applications

High-performance Computing (HPC) systems have become essential instruments in our modern society. As they get closer to exascale performance, HPC systems become larger in size and more heterogeneous in their computing resources. With recent advances in AI, HPC systems are also increasingly being used for applications that employ many short jobs with strict timing requirements. HPC job dispatchers need to therefore adopt techniques to go beyond the capabilities of those developed for small or homogeneous systems, or for traditional compute-intensive applications. In this paper, we present a job dispatcher suitable for today’s large and heterogeneous systems running modern applications. Unlike its predecessors, our dispatcher solves the entire dispatching problem using Constraint Programming (CP) with a model size independent of the system size. Experimental results based on a simulation study show that our approach can bring about significant performance gains over the existing CP-based dispatchers in a large or heterogeneous system.
Improving Local Search for Structured SAT Formulas via Unit Propagation Based Construct and Cut Initialization (Short Paper)

This work is dedicated to improving local search solvers for the Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem on structured instances. We propose a construct-and-cut (CnC) algorithm based on unit propagation, which is used to produce initial assignments for local search. We integrate our CnC initialization procedure within several state-of-the-art local search SAT solvers
associated with wilt and root rot of Muskmelon and Watermelon crops in Spain : 4 epidemiological and molecular evidences

27 Some taxa of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) have been either associated 28 with clinical infections in humans and certain plant diseases. Among the several fusaria 29 that cause relevant mycoses in cucurbits in Spain, Neocosmospora keratoplastica is 30 described for the first time as responsible for wilt and root rot in both watermelon and 31 melon crops in certain producing areas of Valencia and Alicante provinces (E Spain). 32 Due to the ecological and systematic complexity of the group, with described clinical 33 forms and plant pathogens practically indistinguishable from each other, both 34 pathological evidences (including artificial inoculation bioassays) and molecular 35 methods (multilocus phylogeny based on ITS, TEF-1α, and RPB2 regions) are provided 36 to confirm this finding, since the presence of this soil-borne pathogen could have been 37 probably underestimated in cucurbits-producing areas of Spain. 38 39
Exploring linkages between climate change and sexual health: a scoping review protocol

Introduction The effects of climate change and associated extreme weather events (EWEs) present substantial threats to well-being. EWEs hold the potential to harm sexual health through pathways including elevated exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), disrupted healthcare access, and increased sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). The WHO defines four components of sexual health: comprehensive sexuality education; HIV and STI prevention and care; SGBV prevention and care; and psychosexual counselling. Yet, knowledge gaps remain regarding climate change and its associations with these sexual health domains. This scoping review will therefore explore the linkages between climate change and sexual health. Methods and analysis Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL) will be searched using text words and subject headings (eg, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Emtree) related to sexual health and climate change from the inception of each database to May 2021. Grey literature and unpublished reports will be searched using a comprehensive search strategy, including from the WHO, World Bank eLibrary, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The scoping review will consider studies that explore: (a) climate change and EWEs including droughts, heat waves, wildfires, dust storms, hurricanes, flooding rains, coastal flooding and storm surges; alongside (b) sexual health, including: comprehensive sexual health education, sexual health counselling, and HIV/STI acquisition, prevention and/or care, and/or SGBV, including intimate partner violence, sexual assault and rape. Searches will not be limited by language, publication year or geographical location. We will consider quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods and review articles for inclusion. We will conduct thematic analysis of findings. Data will be presented in narrative and tabular forms. Ethics and dissemination There are no formal ethics requirements as we are not collecting primary data. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared at international conferences.
S0025315421000588jra 753..763

The crocodile shark (Pseudocarcharias kamoharai) is a small lamniform shark that is occasionally by-caught in pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas and swordfish. Due to its biological features, this species is highly vulnerable to overexploitation. However, at present, the crocodile shark is not evaluated for its stock status by any of the Regional Fisheries Management Organizations. In this study, the biology of 391 specimens (220 females and 171 males), ranging from 44.2 cm to 101.5 cm fork length (FL), collected from the tropical region of the Atlantic Ocean, was examined. Ages were assigned from growth band counts in vertebral sections, with the modified von Bertalanffy growth model, using a fixed size at birth (L0) at 32 cm FL, producing the best fit: Linf = 105.6 cm FL and k = 0.14 y −1 for females; Linf = 94.6 cm FL and k = 0.18 y −1 for males. Maturity ogives were fitted to both lengthand age-based data. The size (L50) and age (A50) at 50% maturity was estimated at 67.2 cm FL (5 years) and 81.6 cm FL (8 years) for males and females, respectively. Mean uterine fecundity was 3.7 pups per litter with a 1:1 embryonic sex ratio. Further work is needed regarding crocodile shark life-history characteristics, especially because there are no age validation studies of the band pair deposition periodicity. However, the parameters now presented can contribute to future evaluations of this species, which is especially important given its potentially vulnerable life history.
Detachment in conventional and advanced double-null plasmas in TCV

Divertor detachment is investigated on the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) for conventional and alternative double-null (DN) magnetic geometries in L-mode, Ohmic density ramps and then compared to precisely matched single-null (SN) geometries. The poloidal flux expansion at the outer strikepoint(s) is varied by a factor 2 and the total flux expansion by 30% in lower single null (LSN) and DN configurations. Leg power sharing for DN and near-DN in attached conditions is in line with previous studies in other devices, with balanced power partition between upper and lower divertor achieved for |δR sep| ≲ λ q /2. This results in a reduction in the lower outer target integral and peak heat flux compared to a LSN by 30%. Unlike previous studies, λ q is fairly insensitive to δR sep. The detachment threshold in these geometries is investigated from target measurements with wall-embedded Langmuir probes and two-dimensional CIII line emissivity profiles across the two divertor regions. DN plasmas display clear benefits compared to their LSN counterparts. Transitioning from a LSN to DN shows a substantial reduction, of approx. 20%–25%, in the detachment threshold for the active divertor legs as well as a 50% higher radiated fraction at all ne . The density limit is simultaneously reduced in DN by 10%–20%. Across the explored range, poloidal flux expansion has only a small effect on the detachment threshold in LSN (as seen in previous experiments), and no effect in DN, with similar observations for the total flux expansion. In general, no strong benefits of increased poloidal or total flux expansion are observed across the explored range.
Modelling approaches to the innovative development of forestry enterprises using the coefficient of random changes

The scientific article presents the empirical results of modelling the innovative development of enterprises related to the Russian timber industry. Modelling was carried out using the coefficient of random changes, based on the regression correlation of random variables with the inclusion of the standard deviation in the calculation. In most cases, modelling is carried out using standard methodologies based on the construction of linear and regression equations. Standard methodologies do not take into account the possibility of introducing the scientific component of innovative development into production activities at forestry enterprises, in the implementation of innovative activities. When modelling approaches to the innovative development of timber industry enterprises, the coefficient of random changes was analyzed in several variations, the values of which ranged from 0.1 to 0.73, the most optimal values were established, which demonstrate the values of sustainable growth of the studied indicators. In the course of the study, the method of approximate numerical value of stochastic differential equations was used, based on the methodology of the second order of accuracy of the integration of production indicators.
Morphological, chemical, and mineralogical characterization of concrete mixtures produced by electric arc furnace slag

This article presents the morphological, chemical, and mineralogical characterization of the aggregates and concrete mixtures produced with simultaneous replacements of gravel by electric arc furnace slag, and sand by recycled ground glass. The gravel was replaced in percentages of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by slag. The sand was replaced by recycled glass in percentages of 20%, 30% and 40%. Slag was chemically and mineralogically characterized and its basicity determined. Recycled glass was characterized by a chemical microanalysis. For the chemical and mineralogical characterization of the materials, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence techniques were used. Concrete mixtures were structurally and morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscope analysis. The morphological, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of the aggregates influence the morphological, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of concrete mixture produced by them.
A comprehensive survey on ‘circular polarized antennas’ for existing and emerging wireless communication technologies

Circular polarized (CP) antennas are well suited for long-distance transmission attainment. In order to be adaptable for beyond 5G communication, a detailed and systematic investigation of their important conventional features is required for expected enhancements. The existing designs employing millimeter wave, microwave, and ultra-wideband (UWB) frequencies form the elementary platform for future studies. The 3.4–3.8 GHz frequency band has been identified as a worthy candidate for 5G communications because of spectrum availability. This band comes under UWB frequencies (3.1–10.6 GHz). In this survey, a review of CP antennas in the selected areas to improve the understanding of early-stage researchers specially experienced antenna designers has presented for the first time as best of our knowledge. Design implementations involving size, axial ratio, efficiency, and gain improvements are covered in detail. Besides that, various design approaches to realize CP antennas including (a) printed CP antennas based on parasitic or slotted elements, (b) dielectric resonator CP antennas, (c) reconfigurable CP antennas, (d) substrate integrated waveguide CP antennas, (e) fractal CP antennas, (f) hybrid techniques CP antennas, and (g) 3D printing CP antennas with single and multiple feeding structures have investigated and analyzed. The aim of this work is to provide necessary guidance for the selection of CP antenna geometries in terms of the required dimensions, available bandwidth, gain, and useful materials for the integration and realization in future communication systems.
The Galaxy Environment of Extremely Massive Quasars. I. An Overdensity of Hα Emitters at z = 1.47

We measure a strong excess in the galaxy number density around PG 1630+377, an extremely massive (M BH ≃ 109.7 M ⊙) quasar at z = 1.475, using near-infrared narrowband imaging. We identify 79 narrow H-band excess objects in a 525 arcmin2 area including the vicinity and surroundings of the quasar. These sources are likely Hα line emitting, star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 1.47. We detect a δ = 6.6 ± 2.7 overdensity of narrow H-band excess objects located at a projected distance ≈2.1 Mpc northeast of the quasar, which is the densest region in the target area. The overdensity is present in BzK color-selected galaxies, while a previously reported overdensity in the immediate vicinity of PG 1630+377 is not, and yet appears as a group-like structure. These megaparsec-scale environments are estimated to merge into a ≃1014.7 M ⊙ cluster at present. Our results support the view that extremely massive black holes form and grow in group-scale environments and later incorporate into a galaxy cluster.
Fabrication routes for advanced first wall design alternatives

In future nuclear fusion reactors, plasma facing components have to sustain specific neutron damage. While the majority of irradiation data provides a relatively clear picture of the displacement damage, the effect of helium transmutation is not yet explored in detail. Nevertheless, available results from simulation experiments indicate that 9%-chromium steels will reach their operating limit as soon as the growing helium bubbles extent a critical size. At that point, the material would most probably fail due to grain boundary embrittlement. In this contribution, we present a strategy for the mitigation of the before-mentioned problem using the following facts. (1) The neutron dose and related transmutation rate decreases quickly inside the first wall of the breeding blankets, that is, only a plasma-near area is extremely loaded. (2) Nanostructured oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels may have an enormous trapping effect on helium, which would suppress the formation of large helium bubbles for a much longer period. (3) Compared to conventional steels, ODS steels also provide improved irradiation tensile ductility and creep strength. Therefore, a design, based on the fabrication of the plasma facing and highly neutron and heat loaded parts of blankets by an ODS steel, while using EUROFER97 for everything else, would extend the operating time and enable a higher heat flux. Consequently, we (i) developed and produced 14%Cr ferritic ODS steel plates and (ii) optimized and demonstrated a scalable industrial production route. (iii) We fabricated a mock-up with five cooling channels and a plated first wall of ODS steel, using the same production processes as for a real component. (iv) Finally, we performed high heat flux tests in the Helium Loop Karlsruhe, applying a few hundred short and a few 2 h long pulses, in which the operating temperature limit for EUROFER97 (i.e. 550 °C) was finally exceeded by 100 K. (v) Thereafter, microstructure and defect analyses did not reveal critical defects or recognizable damage. Only a heat affected zone in the EUROFER/ODS steel interface could be detected. However, a solution to prohibit the formation of such heat affected zones is given. These research contributions demonstrate that the use of ODS steel is not only feasible and affordable but could make a decisive difference in the future design and performance of breeding blankets.
Detection of toxic and trace elements in the environmental samples around an indigenous refinery in Pakistan using LIBS

Elemental profiling of oil sludge and nearby soil is an essential task because these samples -are prone to contain toxic elements which can cause hazardous effects. Therefore, these samples must be analyzed to control the environmental pollution. This paper focuses on the elemental profiling including toxic metals of oil sludge and nearby cultivated soil samples collected from the Attock Refinery Limited Rawalpindi, Pakistan by using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. The laser beam of a 1064 nm wavelength from a nanosecond Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was focused on the surface of the sample, and an emission spectrum was obtained with the help of a LIBS2000 spectrometer covering the spectral range between 200 and 700 nm. Results obtained through analyzing the characteristic emission lines of different elements have confirmed the presence of 18 elements in oil sludge and 15 elements in the soil. For quantification of the detected elements, a calibration-free method based on local thermodynamic equilibrium and an optically thin plasma model was employed. Plasma parameters, such as electron number density and temperature were calculated for the purpose of subsequent calculations. The concentration of the detected elements in terms of weight percentage in oil sludge was 1.3% Al, 0.88% Ba, 2.0% Ca, 0.02% Ce, 0.63% Co, 18.26% Fe, 0.51% Mg, 0.76% Mn, 6.88% Mo, 5.80% Na, 13.87% Ni, 0.08% Si,1.29% Sr, 13.24% Ti, 8.35% W, 17.83% Cr, 8.25% Cs and 0.07% Li. While the concentration of detected elements in terms of weight percentage in the nearby soil sample was 1.45% Al, 1.35% Ba, 21.11% Ca, 0.01% Ce, 0.11% Co, 19.48% Fe, 1.58% Mg, 1.13% Mn, 3.76% Mo, 8.53% Na, 20.41% Ni, 0.08% Si, 4.25% Sr, 4.44% Ti and 12.28% W. This study suggests that monitoring of the petroleum wastes and nearby sites is necessary to minimize the environmental pollution.
Numerical simulation of the energy conversion processes in an electromagnetic motor with preliminary accumulation of magnetic energy

The paper discusses the solution of the urgent problem of increasing the specific energy intensity indicators of electromagnetic motors using numerical simulation methods. The object of research is a linear electromagnetic motor powered from a DC voltage source. The purpose of the research is to numerically simulate energy conversion processes in a linear electromagnetic motor with preliminary accumulation of magnetic energy in an induction coil. The theoretical substantiation of energy conversion processes for a new method of controlling an electromagnetic motor based on the implementation of the energy balance is proved. It is shown that the accumulation time of magnetic energy should not exceed five time constants of the induction coil supply circuit.
Barclays’ application of information system in manufacturing process

This paper is aimed to explore the adoption of Open Text’s technology coupled to the ORS scanning capabilities by Barclays. This aim achieved by conducting a strategic analysis both macro and micro environment factors. Then, the company’s initiative in comparison to the company’s aims is discussed. Finally, the paper concludes that adoption of Open Text’s technology coupled to the ORS scanning capabilities enabled Barclays to achieve significant improvements in workforce efficiency and productivity in line with cost reduction.