Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water masses and currents in the upper tropical northeast Atlantic off northwest Africa

Recent current measurements in the tropical eastern North Atlantic reproduce the components of the large scale flow field. However, the observations as well as the 1/12°-FLAME model computations indicate that a lot of eddy scale variability is superimposed on the mean flow field. Despite of the disturbance by variability the signature of the Guinea Dome is well present. In November 2002 the Guinea Dome transport from direct observations was about 2.8 Sv above σ θ = 25.8 kg/m3 and 4 Sv between σ θ = 25.8 and 27.1 kg/m3. The oxygen minimum in the shadow zone comprises the central water and the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) layers and is located between the equatorial current system and the North Equatorial Current. The North Equatorial Counter- and Undercurrents at 3° to 6°N are major oxygen sources for the central water layer of the low-oxygen regions in the northeastern tropical Atlantic. A second, northern North Equatorial Countercurrent (nNECC) band exists at 8° to 10°N. The nNECC carries oxygen rich water from the southern hemisphere eastward but with an admixture of water from the northern hemisphere. A float at 200 m depth was spreading eastward in the North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC), at 28°W it shifted northward into the nNECC, and then was trapped in the Guinea Dome region for more than 3 years. The model indicates the region 22° to 32°W as the area of exchange between the NECC/NEUC and the nNECC bands. In the AAIW layer the northern Intermediate Countercurrent acts as oxygen source for the oxygen minimum zone.
Molecular methods for the analysis of gut microbiota

This review focuses on methodological approaches used to study the composition of human faecal microbiota. Gene sequencing is the most accurate tool for revealing the phylogenetic relationships between bacteria. The main application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in both microscopy and flow cytometry is to enumerate faecal bacteria. While flow cytometry is a very fast method, FISH microscopy still has a considerably lower detection limit.
Generalizing Normal Mode Expansion of Electromagnetic Green’s Tensor to Open Systems

We generalize normal mode expansion of Green's tensor $\bar{\bar{G}}(\bf{r},\bf{r}')$ to lossy resonators in open systems, resolving a longstanding open challenge. We obtain a simple yet robust formulation, whereby radiation of energy to infinity is captured by a complete, discrete set of modes, rather than a continuum. This enables rapid simulations by providing the spatial variation of $\bar{\bar{G}}(\bf{r},\bf{r}')$ over both $\bf{r}$ and $\bf{r}'$ in one simulation. Few eigenmodes are often necessary for nanostructures, facilitating both analytic calculations and unified insight into computationally intensive phenomena such as Purcell enhancement, radiative heat transfer, van der Waals forces, and F\"{o}rster resonance energy transfer. We bypass all implementation and completeness issues associated with the alternative quasinormal eigenmode methods, by defining modes with permittivity rather than frequency as the eigenvalue. We obtain true stationary modes that decay rather than diverge at infinity, and are trivially normalized. Completeness is achieved both for sources located within the inclusion and the background through use of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. Modes are defined by a linear eigenvalue problem, readily implemented using any numerical method. We demonstrate its simple implementation on COMSOL Multiphysics, using the default inbuilt tools. Results were validated against direct scattering simulations, including analytical Mie theory, attaining arbitrarily accurate agreement regardless of source location or detuning from resonance.
Future Cloud Systems Design: Challenges and Research Directions

Cloud computing has been recognized as the de facto utility computing standard for hosting and delivering services over the Internet. Cloud platforms are being rapidly adopted by business owners and end-users thanks to its many benefits to traditional computing models such as cost saving, scalability, unlimited storage, anytime anywhere access, better security, and high fault-tolerance capability. However, despite the fact that clouds offer huge opportunities and services to the industry, the landscape of cloud computing research is evolving for several reasons, such as emerging data-intensive applications, multicloud deployment models, and more strict non-functional requirements on cloud-based services. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive taxonomy of main cloud computing research areas, discuss state-of-the-art approaches for each area and the associated sub-areas, and highlight the challenges and future directions per research area. The survey framework, presented in this paper, provides useful insights and outlook for the cloud computing research and development, allows broader understanding of the design challenges of cloud computing, and sheds light on the future of this fast-growing utility computing paradigm.
Rule-based vs. Neural Net Approaches to Semantic Textual Similarity

This paper presents a neural net approach to determine Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) using attention-based bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Networks (Bi-LSTM). To this date, most of the traditional STS systems were rule-based that built on top of excessive use of linguistic features and resources. In this paper, we present an end-to-end attention-based Bi-LSTM neural network system that solely takes word-level features, without expensive feature engineering work or the usage of external resources. By comparing its performance with traditional rule-based systems against SemEval-2012 benchmark, we make an assessment on the limitations and strengths of neural net systems to rule-based systems on Semantic Textual Similarity.
Three-Parameter Solutions of the PV Schlesinger-Type Equation near the Point at Infinity and the Monodromy Data

For the Schlesinger-type equation related to the fifth Painlev\'e equation (V) via isomonodromy deformation, we present a three-parameter family of matrix solutions along the imaginary axis near the point at infinity, and also the corresponding monodromy data. Two-parameter solutions of (V) with their monodromy data immediately follow from our results. Under certain conditions, these solutions of (V) admit sequences of zeros and of poles along the imaginary axis. The monodromy data are obtained by matching techniques for a perturbed linear system.
Recognition of High and Low Intensity Facial and Vocal Expressions of Emotion by Children and Adults

The ability to accurately identify facial and vocal cues of emotion is important to the development of psychosocial well-being. However, the developmental trajectory and pattern of recognition for emotions expressed in the facial versus vocal modality remain unclear. The current study aimed to expand upon the literature in this area by examining differences in the identification of high and low intensity facial versus vocal emotion expressions by participants in four separate age groups, making a novel contribution to the literature. The Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy Scale-Second Edition, a standardized test of emotion recognition that includes previously validated high and low intensity expressions in each modality was administered to a total of 40 participants, 10 in each of four age groups (preschoolers, school-aged children, early adolescents, adults). Results showed that as age increased, accuracy of recognition for both facial and vocal emotion expressions increased. Adultlike proficiency for facial emotion recognition was reached by school-aged children but did not occur for vocal affect recognition until early adolescence. Intensity differentially impacted the recognition of facial and vocal emotion expressions, with increased intensity leading to better recognition of facial, but not vocal expressions. Happy was the emotion best recognized in facial emotion expressions and angry was best recognized in vocal emotion expressions but patterns of recognition for the remaining emotions varied across the two modalities and across age groups. Overall, results indicate that recognition of vocal emotion expressions lags behind that of visual and that the intensity and emotion expressed differentially influence recognition across these two modalities.
A Stable and Consistent Document Model Suitable for Asynchronous Cooperative Edition

Complex structured documents can be intentionally represented as a tree structure decorated with attributes. Ignoring attributes (these are related to semantic aspects that can be treated separately from purely structural aspects which interest us here), in the context of a cooperative edition, legal structures are characterized by a document model (an abstract grammar) and each intentional representation can be manipulated independently and eventually asynchronously by several co-authors through various editing tools that operate on its “partial replicas”. For unsynchronized edition of a partial replica, considered co-author must have a syntactic document local model that constraints him to ensure minimum consistency of local representation that handles with respect to the global model. This consistency is synonymous with the existence of one or more (global) intentional representations towards the global model, assuming the current local representation as her/their partial replica. The purpose of this paper is to present the grammatical structures which are grammars that permit not only to specify a (global) model for documents published in a cooperative manner, but also to derive automatically via a so call projection operation, consistent (local) models for each co-authors involved in the cooperative edition. We also show some properties that meet these grammatical structures.
Developing the Initial Framework of HRIS 1

The history of human resource information systems (HRIS) stretch back to the 1960s when human resource (HR) activities started to increase in organizations. In the 1980s researchers and practitioners became interested in HRIS and in the 1990s several studies, articles, user experiences, opinions and descriptions were published in journals, magazines and internet. Many different issues have arisen in these discussions. Some researchers have constructed models and definitions for HRIS. However, there is a lack of a framework which constructs a description out of the fragmented discipline of HRIS. In this workshop paper we introduce our initial framework to underline the importance and need to consolidate the knowledge of HRIS. It bases on the literature and internet site reviews. The framework does not intend to cover the HRIS field as whole but to signal that it is time to construct frameworks to support and lead the research and the theory making in HRIS. Many research questions are stated in the referenced articles. Now it is time to start finding the answers.
Exploring Brain Circuitry: Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Notice: This manuscript has been authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher by accepting the manuscript for publication acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.
How have recent temperature changes affected the efficiency of ocean biological carbon export?

The ocean's large, microbially mediated reservoirs of carbon are intimately connected with atmospheric CO2 and climate, yet quantifying the feedbacks between them remains an unresolved challenge. Through an idealized mechanistic model, we consider the impact of documented climate change during the past few decades on the efficiency of biological carbon export out of the surface ocean. This model is grounded in universal metabolic phenomena, describing export efficiency's temperature dependence in terms of the differential temperature sensitivity of phototrophic and heterotrophic metabolism. Temperature changes are suggested to have caused a statistically significant decrease in export efficiency of 1.5% ± 0.4% over the past 33 yr. Larger changes are suggested in the midlatitudes and Arctic. This interpretation is robust across multiple sea surface temperature and net primary production data products. The same metabolic mechanism may have resulted in much larger changes e.g., in response to the large temperature shifts between glacial and interglacial time periods.
Immune Gene Expression during Bovine Herpesvirus-1 Infection of MDBK Cells: Molecular Characterization of Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection extensively modulates host-cell gene expressions. To further understandings of BoHV-1 pathogenesis, Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells were infected, and RT-qPCR expression analyses were performed. Apart from classical immune genes (e.g. PKR, Mx1, IRF7, CCR4, TXNIP), EGR3, IFITM3, and ISG15 presented notably high transcripts. To gain further insight, the bovine ISG15 gene was characterized and compared against human, mouse, dog, fugu, salmon, and zebrafish homologues. In silico analysis revealed several conserved regions of interest, including a set of potential transcriptional motifs in the proximal 5’-untranslated region for all analyzed species. A protein-deduced bovine ISG15 sequence also evidenced many conserved domains in humans. Finally, in vitro infection assays with bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 or BoHV-1 both resulted in elevated blood ISG15 levels. Collectively, the obtained data indicate that ISG15 could potentially serve as an early immune marker during BoHV-1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 infection.
Engineered Self-assembly From Nano to Milli Scales

Self-assembly is the autonomous and spontaneous organization of components into patterns or structures. Selfassembly is ubiquitous in nature, e.g. in the growth of crystals and organisms, but also at macroscopic scales – it is nature’s prevalent paradigm for manufacturing. Self-assembly also provides the basis for important new industrial manufacturing techniques, especially for components at the milli, micro, and nano scales: their small sizes and large numbers scale unfavorably for common serial techniques but favorably for a new, massively parallel approach. We believe that self-assembling systems will be able to create complex, heterogeneous, non-periodic, three-dimensional devices in massively parallel production processes. Hence, our research investigates the scientific and engineering foundations of self-assembly processes for integrated micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS).
Nanofabrication of surface-enhanced Raman scattering device by an integrated block-copolymer and nanoimprint lithography method

The integration of block-copolymers (BCPs) and nanoimprint lithography (NIL) presents a novel and cost-effective approach to achieving nanoscale patterning capabilities. The authors demonstrate the fabrication of a surface-enhanced Raman scattering device using templates created by the BCP-NIL integrated method. The method utilizes a poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) cylindrical-forming diblock-copolymer as a masking material to create a Si template, which is then used to perform a thermal imprint of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layer on a Si substrate. Au with a Cr adhesion layer was evaporated onto the patterned PMMA and the subsequent lift-off resulted in an array of nanodots. Raman spectra collected for samples of R6G on Si substrates with and without patterned nanodots showed enhancement of peak intensities due to the presence of the nanodot array. The demonstrated BCP-NIL fabrication method shows promise for cost-effective nanoscale fabrication of plasmonic and nanoelectronic devices.
Large Solid Rocket Motor Safety Analyses: Thermal Effects Issues

Abstract : Our ability to manage the explosive risks associated with Large Solid Rocket Motors when manufactured, transported, handled and stored is obviously crucial as some of these situations can involve several tons of solid propellants. A mishap reference scenario, focused on HD 1.3 effects, has been defined by the explosive safety authorities leading to residual ambient propellant fire expansion as a result of a LSRM large pieces fragmentation. Modelling this type of scenario still poses a great challenge in terms of scientific knowledge and safety assessment. In that way, some experimental and theoretical works were carried out in the last few years to investigate solid propellant combustion mechanisms at ambient conditions and radiative transfer properties associated with. Precisely, large Eddy Simulation Techniques were studied with the hypothesis that large eddies drive the overall fire flow structure and the hydrodynamics properties. For combustion, the number of length scales that control physical and chemical phenomena is problematic and acceptable compromises must be found in order to develop a model that correctly predict the heat transfer of such a fire.
Informing Action Primitives Through Free-Form Text

Autonomous agents require a grounded understanding of language, and multimodal embeddings seem like a logical way to accomplish this. But once you have a joint embedding space, what is it good for? How do you use it? And most especially, how do you map human input (such as verbal instructions) into a set of behaviors that conform with the human’s desires? This paper presents a method for using distributional sentence representations to prioritize action primitives. Inspired by the human ability to transfer domain knowledge via spoken language, we provide our agent with natural language instructions that describe high-reward behaviors. The agent then uses these instructions to align its actions with human intents. A key advantage of this approach is its flexibility: once a properly-structured embedding space has been obtained, new mappings between instructions and behaviors do not have to be trained using thousands or tens of thousands of labeled examples. Less than twenty data points is sufficient.
Adaptor Grammars for the Linguist: Word Segmentation Experiments for Very Low-Resource Languages

Computational Language Documentation attempts to make the most recent research in speech and language technologies available to linguists working on language preservation and documentation. In this paper, we pursue two main goals along these lines. The first is to improve upon a strong baseline for the unsupervised word discovery task on two very low-resource Bantu languages, taking advantage of the expertise of linguists on these particular languages. The second consists in exploring the Adaptor Grammar framework as a decision and prediction tool for linguists studying a new language. We experiment 162 grammar configurations for each language and show that using Adaptor Grammars for word segmentation enables us to test hypotheses about a language. Specializing a generic grammar with language specific knowledge leads to great improvements for the word discovery task, ultimately achieving a leap of about 30% token F-score from the results of a strong baseline.
Effect of Drought on Antioxidant System at Seedling and Vegetative Stage of Eleusine coracana

Adverse environmental factors like drought stress result in increased levels of ROS that adversely affect the growth and productivity of plants. The alleviation of oxidative damage and increased resistance to environmental stresses is correlated with an efficient antioxidant system. Antioxidant non enzymatic system as well as enzymatic system neutralize the effects of these reactive oxygen species and help plants to survive in stress conditions. The study was carried out with the aim to understand the effect of drought on antioxidant system in seedling and vegetative stages of drought tolerant as well as sensitive genotypes of Eleusine coracana . Drought was imposed by withholding water for 8 days at seedling and vegetative stages of drought tolerant ie PRM-6107 and sensitive ie PES-400 genotypes of E. coracana . Different enzyme assays and biochemical analysis were performed in leaf samples by following the standard protocols. With the induction of drought, an increment in the level of ascorbate, flavonoid, phenol and proline was recorded in PRM-6107 whereas no significant increase was observed in PES-400. The level of these antioxidants was more in seedling stage than at vegetative stage. Similarly the level of antioxidant enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, guaicol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase was high in tolerant genotype as compared to sensitive genotype under unstressed condition. Under stress condition, the level of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaicol peroxidase increased at seedling stage while the levels of glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase increased significantly at vegetative stage of both the genotypes. These results show that PRM-6107 is drought tolerant because the level of antioxidants as well as antioxidative enzymes is high in this genotype in seedling and vegetative stages. Also, the elevated levels of antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes at seedling stage show that plant start combating drought more strongly at seedling stage than at vegetative stage. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 642-650
Tidal-Induced Changes in a Copepod-Dominated Zooplankton Community in a Macrotidal Mangrove Channel in Northern Brazil

The zooplankton community of the muddy upper reaches of the Furo do Meio, Caete system, Para, Brazil, was studied between March and May 2001 (during the wet season). Zooplankton samples were taken during 2 lunar cycles; during each lunar phase, 4 consecutive tidal cycles were sampled, and for each tidal cycle, 4 hauls were taken (flood, high water (HW), ebb, low water (LW)). Short-term changes in species number, abundance, and biomass were studied. Salinity (mean, 7 ′ 3 psu) and water level were positively correlated. Copepods dominated the zooplankton community. Numbers of total zooplankton and copepod species were high at HW and low at LW, irrespective of time of day and tide. In contrast, the abundance and biomass of both total zooplankton and copepods were high at LW and low at HW. Copepod species number and the abundances of total zooplankton and copepods were greater during the spring than the neap tide. The calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus marshi, dominated the copepod community in terms of abundance and biomass. Highest abundance occurred at LW, suggesting retention in the cul-de-sac channel. The P. marshi population was composed of ovigerous females, adult males, and copepodite stages 4 and 5. Copepod biomass ranged from 0.46 to 6.9 mg dry weight (DW)/m 3 , with an overall mean of 2.63 mg DW/m 3 . Non-parametric multidimensional scaling revealed that spring tide/neap tide together with HW/LW were important factors structuring the zooplankton community. Time of day had_no effect on the community structure. We suggest the occurrence of positive relationships between increased copepod abundances and high sediment loads and decreased salinities during the wet season. Synchronous temporal patterns between zooplankton and fish abundance are discussed.