Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robotic Joint Torque Testing: A Critical Tool in the Development of Pressure Suit Mobility Elements

Pressure suits allow pilots and astronauts to survive in extreme environments at the edge of Earth’s atmosphere and in the vacuum of space. One obstacle that pilots and astronauts face is that gas-pressurized suits stiffen when pressurized and greatly limit user mobility. As a result, a critical need exists to quantify and improve the mobility characteristics of pressure suits. A historical survey and critique of pressure-suit testing methodologies is first presented, followed by the results of recent pressure suit testing conducted at the MIT Man-Vehicle Laboratory (MVL). MVL researchers, in cooperation with the David Clark Company (Worcester, MA), used an anthropometrically-realistic robotic space suit tester to quantify pressure suit mobility characteristics of the S1034 Pilot Protective Assembly (PPA), a pressure suit worn by U-2 pilots. This suit was evaluated unpressurized, at a vent pressure of 5.5 kPa (0.8 psi), and at an emergency gauge pressure of 20.7 kPa (3 psi). Joint torque data was collected for elbow flexion/extension, shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder abduction/adduction, and knee flexion/extension motions. The aim of this study was to generate a robust baseline mobility database for the S1034 PPA to serve as a point of comparison for future pressure suit designs, and to provide recommendations for future pressure garment testing.
Vibration of Box-Type Structures:

The free flexural vibrations of open and closed rectangular boxes are considered; a theoretical solution using a sine series is presented. Natural frequencies and nodal patterns obtained using this analysis are compared with experimental results and the practical usefulness of the analysis is assessed. Although the assumed mathematical models are not true representations of the practical systems, the agreement achieved between theoretical and experimental results is shown to be good.
Averaged Modelling, Simulation and Linear Control Design of a PWM Fixed Frequency Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Power Filter for a Typical Industrial Load

current harmonics, which are injected in the utility by nonlinear loads, cause major problems that tend to deteriorate the power quality at the mains. To reduce such harmonics, active power filters (APF) are commonly employed. In this paper, a new constant-frequency control scheme for a shunt three-phase four-wire APF is proposed. The APF is used to compensate the current distortion and the reactive power created by a typical industrial load. The elaboration of the control law is based on a small-signal averaged model of the converter, computed in the (d,q,0) synchronous frame. The control scheme consists of multiple-loops PI controllers that ensure voltage regulation at the DC side of the filter, and current wave shaping at the AC side. The control system is implemented numerically using Matlab/Simulink tool. The performance of the proposed control approach is finally discussed through the obtained simulation results.
Sustainable hydrothermal synthesis of cobalt‐nickel nanomaterial for supercapacitor using green stabilizing agents

We have utilized Euphorbia cognata Boiss as a source of reducing and stabilizing agents for the synthesis and the functionalization facile Co3O4:NiO nanomaterial following hydrothermal route. The phases (Co3O4 and NiO) of synthesized nanomaterial were identified by X‐ray diffraction, while spherical nanostructures were scrutinized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study surface modification, which revealed the presence of organic O and organic C groups. Furthermore, Tauc plot exhibited a low bandgap of 2.58 eV proposing the improved electrochemical characteristics of synthesized nanomaterial. A reasonable capacitance of 188 and 74 F/g was revealed at 2 mV/s and at 1 A/g, respectively. While the extremely low internal resistance (Ri) of 0.8 Ω was determined in the current study, suggesting the good electrochemical conductivity of Co3O4:NiO. Therefore, the present study demonstrated the good electrochemical behavior of the fabricated electrode toward supercapacitor, which was attributed to the increased active sites due to bioactive compounds.
Adaptive Resource Allocation for Diverse Safety Message Transmissions in Vehicular Networks

In this paper, we propose a two-level adaptive resource allocation (TARA) framework to support vehicular safety message transmissions. In particular, three types of safety messages are considered in urban vehicular networks, i.e., event-triggered messages for urgent condition warnings, periodic messages for vehicular status notifications, and messages for environmental perception. Roadside units are deployed for network management, and thus messages can be transmitted through either vehicle-to-infrastructure or vehicle-to-vehicle connections. To satisfy the requirements of different message transmissions, TARA framework consists of a group-level resource reservation module and a vehicle-level resource allocation module. Particularly, the resource reservation module is designed to allocate resources to support different types of message transmissions for each vehicle group at the first level. To learn the implicit relationship between the resource demand and message transmission requests, a supervised learning model is devised in the resource reservation module, where to obtain the training data we further propose a sequential resource allocation (SRA) scheme. Based on historical network information, SRA scheme offline optimizes the allocation of sensing resources, i.e., choosing vehicles to provide perception data, and communication resources. With resources reserved for each group, the vehicle-level resource allocation module is then devised to distribute specific resources for each vehicle to satisfy the differential requirements in real-time. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of TARA framework in terms of the high packet delivery ratio and low latency for message transmissions, and the high quality of collective environmental perception.
Noise emission of universal motor drives

Flexural and transverse vibrations from static and dynamic components of tensioning forces in belt driven systems can cause changes in the noise radiation from the universal motors of clothes washers. This study describes a successful effort to analyze the effect of tensioning forces on noise emission of the drive system. The data show that principal parameters of tensile forces can cause parametric excitation of transverse and flexural vibrations resulting in a considerable change in the noise emissions of universal motors. Using the correlations for validation and recovery of distorted vibration and acoustic data, optimum tensioning forces, hence quieter operation of the universal motor, can be achieved.
Biodiversity–productivity relationships in a natural grassland community vary under diversity loss scenarios

Understanding the biodiversity–productivity relationship and underlying mechanisms in natural ecosystems under realistic diversity loss scenarios remains a major challenge for ecologists despite its importance for predicting impacts of rapid loss of biodiversity worldwide. Here we report the results of a plant functional group (PFG) removal experiment conducted on the Mongolian Plateau, the largest remaining natural grassland in the world. Our results demonstrated that the biodiversity–productivity relationship varied among positive linear, neutral and unimodal forms under different PFG loss patterns. Moreover, the form of this relationship with the same PFG loss pattern sometimes changed through time. The abundance of the remaining PFG(s) before removal and their compensation following the loss of other PFGs were two major mechanisms affecting the biodiversity–productivity relationship under diversity loss scenarios. The abundance effect promoted positive responses of productivity to biodiversity, but the compensation effect caused several biodiversity–productivity relationships, hinging on its direction (positive or negative) and strength. As indicated by the values of the compensation index, negative, zero and partial compensations contributed to the positive relationships, while full compensation resulted in a neutral relationship. Overcompensation at intermediate PFG richness levels created a unimodal curve in our system, but it could also lead to a negative linear relationship. Synthesis. Our experiment provides a vivid picture of how the form of the biodiversity–productivity relationship varies among different diversity loss patterns in a natural ecosystem. We argue that compensation by the remaining species, which is not revealed by synthesized biodiversity experiments, plays a critical role in shaping the form of this relationship when diversity is lost from existing systems. The direction and strength of compensation are highly dependent on extirpation scenarios. Thus, impacts of biodiversity loss on natural ecosystems are likely more complex than predicted by the canonical positive saturating curve obtained from the synthesized biodiversity experiments. We suggest that models forecasting the consequences of biodiversity declines on natural ecosystems should take into account diversity loss patterns and the ensuing compensation.
Semiactive Backstepping Control for Vibration Reduction in a Structure with Magnetorheological Damper Subject to Seismic Motions

The use of magnetorheological (MR) dampers for mitigating vibrations caused by seismic motions in civil engineering structures has attracted much interest in the scientific community because of the advantages of this class of device. It is known that MR dampers can generate high damping forces with low energy requirements and low cost of production. However, the complex dynamics that characterize MR dampers make difficult the control design for achieving the vibration reduction goals in an efficient manner. In this article, a semiactive controller based on the backstepping technique is proposed. The controller was applied to a three-story building with an MR damper at its first floor subjected to seismic motions. The performance of the controller was evaluated experimentally by means of real time hybrid testing.
Miniaturized frequency selective surface with a bionical structure

A novel miniaturized frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed.The size reduction is achieved by using the model of leaf arrangement. Compared with conventional cross FSS, the operation frequency of this novel bionic FSS is changed from 10.4 to 4.74 GHz at the same size. Both theoretical and experimental investigations are carried out. It is observed that the miniaturized FSS presents excellent frequency stability with the increase of the incident angle. The proposed FSS can be a candidate for FSS whose miniaturization is required. Method of applying bionics to FSS design will serve as a good candidate for the future FSS design. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:335–337, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27329
Application of metamaterial structures in the design, analysis and prototyping of planar : Antennas aplicación de estructuras metamateriales en el diseño, análisis y y prototipado de antenas planas

With this thesis "Application of metamaterial structures in the design, analysis and prototyping of planar antennas", we want to continue with the line of investigation of planar antennas where the Radiation Group from the Technical University of Madrid has broad experience. The experience acquired with the design and analysis of planar antennas in the Radiation Group, along with the newness and the interest that arouses the novel arti cial periodic structures called metamaterials allow us to open a eld of possibilities for improving planar antenna performances that will be explored with this work. It is possible to be said that the eld of the metamaterials applied to the planar antennas is still in a period of investigation and expansion, where novel contributions can be made. Starting o this base, the fundamental idea that has been achieved with the work that has been made, is centering on studying the potential application of these novel structures to the design of planar antennas. In order to carry out the development of the present doctoral thesis, it has been tried to achieve a series of landmarks that are enumerated as follow emphasizing the contributions that were obtained with this work. First, a previous deep revision work of current state of the art has been made giving a general vision on the metamaterials used in this thesis and of the di erent applications from these structures to the eld of the planar antennas. Secondly, the e ect of AMC structures in parallel-plate slot antennas at 12 GHz band has been analyzed, placed as sidewalls instead of the conventional metallic walls and as propagation strips within the oversized waveguide. These concepts are illustrated in the thesis by two possible applications analyzed in detail and validated experimentally. The sidewalls with AMC structures allow to get uniform eld distribution and aperture illumination in the parallel-plate waveguide avoiding an abrupt decline of the eld along the propagation direction. The propagation strips (AMC alternates with PEC) for monomode waveguides allow to guide e ciently the wave propagation of the di erent virtual rectangular waveguide in the oversized waveguide forcing the propagation in one direction and avoiding undesired mutual coupling between them, being able to generate a virtual short circuit that delimits the TE10 adjacent individual modes propagation. They have been called virtual propagation waveguides because there are no physical walls between each one. The obtained results are presented based in terms of eld distribution for the wave propagation and in terms of aperture e ciency and directivity for the radiation character-
Design-Load Basis for LANL Structures, Systems, and Components

This document supports the recommendations in the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Engineering Standard Manual (ESM), Chapter 5--Structural providing the basis for the loads, analysis procedures, and codes to be used in the ESM. It also provides the justification for eliminating the loads to be considered in design, and evidence that the design basis loads are appropriate and consistent with the graded approach required by the Department of Energy (DOE) Code of Federal Regulation Nuclear Safety Management, 10, Part 830. This document focuses on (1) the primary and secondary natural phenomena hazards listed in DOE-G-420.1-2, Appendix C, (2) additional loads not related to natural phenomena hazards, and (3) the design loads on structures during construction.
Enhancing transport data collection through social media sources: methods, challenges and opportunities for textual data

Social media data now enriches and supplements information flow in various sectors of society. The question addressed here is whether social media can act as a credible information source of sufficient quality to meet the needs of transport planners, operators, policy makers and the travelling public. A typology of primary transport data needs, current and new data sources is initially established, following which this study focuses on social media textual data in particular. Three sub-questions are investigated: the potential to use social media data alongside existing transport data, the technical challenges in extracting transport-relevant information from social media and the wider barriers to the uptake of this data. Following an overview of the text mining process to extract relevant information from the corpus, a review of the challenges this approach holds for the transport sector is given. These include ontologies, sentiment analysis, location names and measuring accuracy. Finally, institutional issues in the greater use of social media are highlighted, concluding that social media information has not yet been fully explored. The contribution of this study is in scoping the technical challenges in mining social media data within the transport context, laying the foundation for further research in this field.
Low-sensitivity switched-capacitor ladder filters

A switched-capacitor filter design technique based on the LDI transformation is presented which uses a novel floating inductance simulation circuit. By choosing the filter terminations properly, the circuits are shown to preserve the maximum power transfer property. A low-pass filter design example is presented to illustrate the low-sensitivity property of this technique.
The use of dimensional analysis to augment design of experiments for optimization and robustification

Optimization can be a time-consuming and demanding process when an analytical model of the system of interest cannot be developed. The problem is even more extreme when the robustification of the system is desired. Under such circumstances the design engineer will typically resort to design of experiments (DOE) or finite element analysis/computational fluid dynamics or some combination. Each can be time consuming and demanding. It is shown in this paper that by combining dimensional analysis with DOE it is possible to generate a near-exact surrogate model of a system empirically. This can be done with a significantly reduced number of experiments when compared with traditional DOE techniques. The approximation is sufficiently accurate to be optimized or robustified using methods traditionally suited to analytical models. A strategy designed to help the design engineer take full advantage of this approach is presented.
Space vector PWM of three-phase inverter with MPPT for photovoltaic system

ABSTRACT This study introduces a photoelectric (PV) system based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique, which is performed by the perturb and observe P&O method. This algorithm is chosen due to its ability to withstand any difference in parameters and high efficiency. The interleaved boost converter characteristics are controlled using maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and Space vector modulation (SVPWM) is the control technique used to control the three-phase voltage source converter. In order to measure the overall performance of the system, simulations are performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Pre-Treatment C-Reactive Protein Predicts Survival in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Improved prognostication of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients could strengthen the treatment strategy and, thereby, potentially improve the overall survival (OS) of these patients. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been proposed as a prognostic indicator of inferior survival, although so far, only based on data from smaller studies. Data on SCLC patients diagnosed from January 2009 to June 2018 were extracted from the Danish Lung Cancer Registry and the clinical laboratory information system. CRP measurements were divided at the clinical cut-off value of 8 mg/L or 75 nmol/L) and stratified into quartiles. Cox proportional hazards model assessed the prognostic value of the CRP level. C-statistics further evaluated the biomarker’s prognostic value. In total, 923 patients were included. A pre-treatment CRP level above the clinical cut-off significantly correlated to inferior OS (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.46). When divided into quartiles, a level-dependent correlation was observed with only the highest quartiles significantly associated with OS (3rd quartile: adjusted HR = 1.26 (95% CI: 1.03–1.55) 4th quartile: adjusted HR = 1.44 (95% CI: 1.17–1.77)). Adding CRP level to already well-established prognostic factors improved the prognostication of SCLC patients. In conclusion, high pre-treatment CRP level is an independent prognostic factor in SCLC patients.
Advancing African Medicines Agency through Global Health Diplomacy for an Equitable Pan-African Universal Health Coverage: A Scoping Review

The African continent is home to 15% of the world’s population and suffers from a disease burden of more than 25% globally. In this COVID-19 era, the high burden and mortality are further worsened due to inequities, inequalities such as inadequate health systems, scarce financial and human resources, as well as unavailability of inexpensive medicines of good quality, safety, and efficacy. The Universal Health Coverage ensures that people have access to high-quality essential health services, secure, reliable, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines, as well as financial security. This paper aimed at addressing the critical need for a continental African Medicines Agency (AMA) in addressing the inequities and the role of global health diplomacy in building consensus to support the ratification of the Treaty of AMA. A literature review was done in Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Google Scholar search engine to identify the critical literature in the context of study objectives. All the articles published after 2015 till 2021 in the context of AMA were included. African Health Strategy 2016–2030 highlighted the importance of an African regulatory mechanism for medicines and medical products. Through global health diplomacy (GHD), the African Union and its partners can negotiate and cooperate in providing infrastructural, administrative, and regulatory support for establishing the AMA. The paper emphasizes the South–South cooperation and highlights the contributions of India and China in the supply of medicines and vaccines to Africa. A strong AMA created through GHD can be a vital instrument in utilizing Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) flexibilities extension and an ideal partner for European and other regional regulatory authorities seeking to stem the tide of counterfeit, sub-standard, or fake products.
Age at menopause among rural and urban women in the state of Campeche, Mexico

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine age at natural menopause among women of Maya and non-Maya ancestry living in urban and rural communities in the state of Campeche, Mexico. Methods: Women ages 40 to 60 (n = 543) participated in semi-structured interviews and anthropometric measures. The last names, languages spoken, and the birthplace of the woman, her parents, and her grandparents were used to determine Maya or non-Maya ethnicity. Recalled age at natural menopause was compared across four communities; analysis of variance was used to compare means and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare medians. Probit analysis was also used to estimate median ages at menopause. Cox regression analyses were applied to identify variables associated with age at menopause. Results: Mean recalled age at natural menopause across all sites was 46.7 years, ranging from 47.8 years in the city of Campeche to 43.9 years in the rural Maya communities in the municipality of Hopelchén. Median ages at menopause across all sites were 50.55 years by probit analysis and 50.5 years by Kaplan-Meier. Variables associated with a later age at menopause included higher socioeconomic status, higher parity, and a later age at menarche. Conclusions: The early mean recalled age at menopause in southern Hopelchén was consistent with previous studies in the Yucatán peninsula. As expected, probit and Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated later ages at menopause. Contrary to our expectations, Maya/non-Maya ethnicity was not associated with age at menopause. Demographic and reproductive factors were more important than ethnicity in explaining variation in age at menopause within the state of Campeche, Mexico.