Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size-dependent frequency response of sandeel schools

Johnsen, E. , Pedersen, R. , and Ona, E. 2009. Size-dependent frequency response of sandeel schools. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1100-1105.Annual Norwegian sandeel surveys have been conducted in the North Sea since 2005 to measure the stock of lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus). Target identification is often a major challenge in acoustic surveys, and discriminant analyses have been used to separate echoes accurately from schools of herring, mackerel, and sandeel based on their acoustic-frequency responses measured at 18, 38, 120, and 200 kHz. At two fishing grounds during the 2008 survey, 332 schools were identified as sandeel, based on the characteristics of the acoustic signal, and validated by trawl samples. The schools consisted almost entirely of 1-year-old sandeels on one of the grounds, and 2-year-olds on the other. In this study, the potential of acoustic-frequency responses is advanced to classify the sizes of fish in them. A discriminant analysis using frequency responses as independent variables was able to differentiate between sandeel schools comprising 1- and 2-year-old fish (p < 0.001). Approximately 83% of the 2-year-old fish and 77% of the 1-year-old fish were classified correctly. The frequency responses at 18 and 38 kHz were the most important independent variables. Sandeel landings in the North Sea are normally dominated by 1- and 2-year-old sandeels in the first half of the year. This study revealed that these two age classes could be identified acoustically; a finding that may be important for acoustic surveys of sandeels and for management of the commercial sandeel fishery.
Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based direct-fed microbials and antibiotic on performance, nutrient digestibility, cecal microflora, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens

SUMMARY Two hundred eighty-eight 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments to examine the effect of using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) to replace antibiotics in the late growth stage on performance, nutrient digestibility, cecal microflora, and intestinal morphology in broilers. The experimental diets were (1) a negative control (NC) group fed a basal diet without any antibiotics; (2) a positive control (PC) group fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin; (3) a test group fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin from d 1 to 21 and 30 mg/kg of DFM from d 22 to 42 (DFM30); and (4) a test group fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin from d 1 to 21 and 60 mg/kg of DFM from d 22 to 42 (DFM60). The results showed that DFM30 and DFM60 increased BW gain and improved FCR as compared with NC group (P < 0.05). Generally, the PC, DFM30, and DFM60 groups showed increased apparent total tract nutrient digestibility for DM, CP, and AME as compared with the NC group. Both the DFM30 and DFM60 groups decreased cecal Escherichia coli population as compared with the NC group, and increased the population of Lactobacillus as compared with the PC group. The PC, DFM30, and DFM60 groups increased villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with NC. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with B. amyloliquefaciens-based DFM during d 22 to 42 may enhance performance by increasing nutrient digestibility and improving intestinal health in birds fed diets supplemented with zinc bacitracin from d 1 to 21.
Characterization of Bacillus cereus BM1 with Protease Activity

Microbial alkaline proteases dominate the world enzyme market, accounting for nearly two-thirds shares of the detergent industry. To date, Bacillus species have been known to produce a substantial amount of extracellular proteases which gain application in commercial industry. A protease producing bacterium was isolated from the eye of sea bass, for the first time, in an attempt to search for microbial biocatalyst that is detergent compatible. The isolate was characterized based on 16S rRNA gene sequence homology and Biolog Gen III microplate system. The results for identification indicate that the isolate has 97% sequence identity to Bacillus cereus with regard to 16S rRNA gene sequence homology which ultimately tally with the result of Biolog system, and hence designated as Bacillus cereus BM1. Moreover, protease produced by the isolate BM1 was assayed according to an established method. Subsequently the protease was partially characterized on the basis of temperature and pH requirements. Further characterization evaluated the effects of different metal ions (5mM), EDTA (5mM), NaCl (Up to 15%w/v) and commercial detergent (up to 10%w/v) on protease activity and/or stability. The results indicate that the Bacillus cereus BM1 produced a protease that is stable in alkaline pH range of 8-12, with optimum at pH 8 when incubated at 60 o C for 1 hr. The protease was also stable at temperature ranges from 40-70 o C, with optimum at 60 o C when incubated for 1 hr. It shows activity in the presence of EDTA, as metal chelator suggesting that it is not a metalloprotease. Furthermore, none of the metal ions tested enhances protease activity above 100% from the control. The protease was also found to be stable in the presence of NaCl and commercial detergent. The results of partial characterization of the enzyme indicate that it is an alkaline, thermostable, halotolerant and detergent compatible non metalloprotease. This suggests that it will find application in detergent industry.
SAP-FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND TREE SELECTION IN THE ENDANGERED AKIAPOLAAU (HEMIGNATHUS MUNROI) IN HAWAII

Abstract The Akiapolaau (Hemignathus munroi), an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, drills 3–5 mm deep holes in particular ohia trees (Metrosideros polymorpha) and drinks the sap that emerges, a remarkable example of convergent evolution in sap-feeding behavior with mainland woodpeckers and Australian sugar-gliders. There has been little research on how this species selects sap trees (“Aki trees”) and what advantages they confer. We marked the locations of and collected sap samples and microhabitat data from 101 Aki trees and 73 randomly selected control trees in Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii. Aki trees were rare (2 ha−1), spatially clustered, and defended by Akiapolaau. Sap flow volume and speed were substantially greater in Aki trees than in controls. Aki trees also were larger, had thinner bark, and were more likely to be located on convex east-facing slopes where more light is available. Those results support the hypothesis that Aki trees are selected on the basis of high sap flow and a suite of unique microhabitat and tree characteristics. Sap may be an important energy source in times of low insect availability and a potent alternative to nectar for the Akiapolaau. Aki trees are both a fascinating example of niche specialization and a factor that should be considered when conserving or restoring habitat for this endangered species.
Molecular cloning and characterization of an acyl-ACP thioesterase gene ( AhFatB1 ) from allotetraploid peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.)

Acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase is a nuclear encoded plastid localized enzyme which plays an essential role in chain termination during de novo fatty acid synthesis in plant. FatB genes coding for this enzyme from a variety of plant species have been isolated and characterized. However, there are few reports on such genes in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ), an important edible and oilseed crop. In this study, full-length cDNA of an acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase (EC 3.1.2.14), designated as AhFatB1 , was isolated from peanut cDNA libraries. The putative open reading frames consist of 1239 bp with five introns spliced from the corresponding genomic sequence, encoding a 413 amino acid protein, two homologous genes, AhFatB1A and AhFatB1B , with sequence difference at the 5’ non-coding regions were characterized at the nucleotide level from different cultivated peanut genotypes, and the two genes have their origin in different diploid progenitor which was evidenced by the characterization of AhFatB1 genes from Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis , the putative A-genome donor and B-genome donor respectively. AhFatB1 genes are constitutively expressed in peanut tissues and the total FatB1 transcript accumulations are temporally regulated during peanut seed development. Keywords: Peanut thioesterase, palmitic acid oilseed
An inventory of recent innovations in fruit and fruit products

Summary The goals of this study were to make an inventory of recent and ongoing fruit and fruit product innovations, to assess what novelty or improvement they offer, and whether consumers could identify and/or recognise them. Researchers from 11 European countries submitted 386 examples of fruit and fruit product innovations. The list of innovations obtained has been coded, categorised, sorted, and reduced in subsequent stages. First, the examples received were categorised according to the Oslo Manual definitions. Second, product and marketing innovations were selected, as they are the only ones that were likely to be recognised by consumers. Next, analysis revealed that the novelties these innovations offered related to Convenience, Health, Differentiation, Target Group, Information, Sensory Characteristics, In Home and/or Out of Home Quality. Some innovations offered only one novel aspect, whereas others offered multiple aspects. Interrelationships between novel aspects are discussed for those innovations that offered a combination of aspects.
Management of cumin wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini through chemical and biological agents

India has been a land of spices and also the largest producer, consumer and exporter of spices. Rajasthan and Gujarat are the important states for the production of cumin. The crop suffers from a number of diseases. Among the major threats to the cumin is wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini Patel, Prasad Mathur and Mathur). Disease appears in patches. Plants are attacked at all the stages of crop growth. The infected plants turn yellowish and show characteristic dropping of leaves leading to mortality of plant. Brown discolorations are also visible on vascular bundle and the plants can easily be pulled out from soil. The pathogen may also cause pre-emergence mortality (4). The fungus produces toxic substances that are responsible for inducing wilt symptoms in susceptible cultivars (2). In Rajasthan, Mathur and Prasad (4) observed the losses ranging from 70-80 per cent in many fields thus having higher impact on yield. For the management of cumin wilt carbendazim (Bavistin) 2.0 g/ kg seed, Trichoderma viride 6-8 g/kg seed alone is found effective. Keeping in view, present research work was undertaken for the integrated management of cumin wilt disease. An experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura, Jaipur, for three consecutive years during rabi 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11. There were three replications in RBD with plot size 2x3 sq m. Sowing was done in the month of November. Seeds were treated with carbendazim 2.0 g/kg seed, Trichoderma viride 6.0 g/kg seed and NSKE (neem seed kernel extract) 10% alone and in combination. The seeds were treated first with fungicide
Antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanol extract from Hyptidendron canum leaves

This study proposed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanol extract of Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley (Lamiaceae) leaves. The crude ethanol extract was obtained from the dried, pulverized leaves. The H. canum leaf powder was submitted to phytochemical screening. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and Candida albicans using the well diffusion test and the agar dilution method for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoid and saponinic heterosides. The extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms tested. The MIC for non-sporulated Gram-positive bacteria varied from 4.37 to 17. 5 mg/mL. The sporulated Gram-positive bacteria tested had their growth inhibited by H. canum (MIC from 4.37 to 35 mg/mL). The MIC of H. canum for most of the Gram-negative bacteria was 70 mg/mL, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 17. 5 mg/mL), at which concentration C. albicans was also inhibited. This is the first report of phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of H. canum.
A Constrained Receding Horizon Estimator with FIR Structures

A Constrained Receding Horizon Estimator with FIR Structures Pyung Soo Kim and Young Sam Lee Abstract: This paper concerns with a receding horizon estimator (RHE) for discrete-time linear systems subject to constraints on the estimate. In solving the optimization for every horizons, the past all measurement data outside the horizon is discarded and thus the arrival cost is not considered. The RHE in the current work is a nite impulse response (FIR) structure which has some good inherent properties. The proposed RHE can be represented in the simple matrix form for the unconstrained case. Various numerical examples demonstrate how including constraints in the RHE can improve estimation performance. Especially, in the application to the unknown input estimation, it will be shown how the FIR structure in the RHE can improve the estimation speed.
Identification of lipase producing thermophilic bacteria from Malaysian hot springs

Lipase enzyme is an important group of biocatalyst for biotechnological application. One of the major industrial microorganism is the Bacillus species which are in abundance in the hot springs. The aim of this research was to isolate and characterize lipase producing bacteria from five hot springs in Malaysia. Eight bacterial strains from five hot springs were characterized by both biochemical and molecular techniques. Four strains were lipase producing thermophilic bacteria (coded as A1, A3, A4 and A14). The presence of lipase enzyme was confirmed by an orange fluorescence halos around the bacteria in rhodamine B olive oil agar plate. Based on molecular analysis, A1, A3 and A4 were assigned to the Bacillus and Geobacillus sp. , and isolate A14 is found to be a nucleoside permease gene from Anoxybacillus flavithermus WK1.
A multivariate approach to large‐scale variation in marine planktonic copepod diversity and its environmental correlates

We have investigated the relationships between covariations in environmental variables and variations in distributions of marine copepod diversity over an extensive latitudinal range from 86.5°N to 46.5°S. For this purpose, 7 data sets (representing 13,713 samples) of copepod species composition data and 11 environmental data sets were assembled. Principal components analysis was applied to investigate the relationships among the mean and seasonal variations in environmental descriptors (ocean temperature, chlorophyll a [Chl a], net primary production, and other physical and chemical properties of the ocean) and their relationships with spatial variations in copepod diversity. High copepod diversity corresponded to a combination of high ocean temperature and salinity and low Chl a and nutrient concentrations (nitrate, silicate, phosphate). To a lesser extent, high‐diversity regions were also correlated to low seasonal variability in oxygen, ocean temperature, and mixed‐layer depth. Regression on principal components provided a robust prediction of global copepod diversity (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.001) as our subset of environmental data was representative of the full range of environmental variability that occurs globally.
Barriers to Using Technology for Teaching and Learning Mathematics: A Review of the Literature

Despite the potential positive effects of using technology with students in mathematics, there remain some obstacles for some teachers when using technology, and while some of these teachers overcome these barriers, others do not succeed in this the challenge. This study reviews the literature on the barriers that teachers face when using technology in their classroom, and why some overcame obstacles while others did not. The researcher found from the reviews that the major obstacle teachers face when using technology included the teachers’ negative attitudes and beliefs about teaching mathematics using technology, the lack of training in using technology, and the lack of technical support. The head teacher’s attitude also had a great effect on managing the challenges teachers faced, which affected teachers’ decisions to use or not use technology in school. This study concludes with recommendations regarding future research in this area.
Latest Biotechnological Approaches for Efficient Buffalo Production

The buffalo is imperative to the lives of small farmers and to the economy of the developing countries. Genome analysis of buffalo had advanced significantly in recent years. The completion of whole genome sequencing projects has brought a wealth of information about the structure of animal genome. High throughput technologies made feasible by sequencing and re-sequencing of some economically significant livestock species has led to the foundation of several thousand single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions/deletions (indels), or structural variants. All these biotechnological tools combine with bioinformatics tools and softwares would be of massive assist in understanding of buffalo genomes for efficient production. In the future, the proficient livestock production would be rely on even more profoundly on existing and promising biotechnological advances for better improvement in production efficiency.
Soil fertility restoration techniques in sub-Saharan Africa using organic resources

Food security concerns are currently escalating in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) due to poor soil management practices on the fragile soils. This review describes the role of organic resources acting both as amendments and fertilizers in improving soil nutrient status and productivity potentials in SSA. The use of organic resources has achieved significant strides in improving soil fertility in many agro-ecological zones in SSA. Balanced fertilization of soils through synchronized supply of adequate nutrients to growing crops as well as increasing soil organic matter content over the long term are major gains realized through application of organic resources. Constraints that limit utilization of organic based soil nutrient management systems were also highlighted; with the conclusion that more committed research activity and better adoption of developed technologies would lead to promotion and establishment of the gains of procuring and utilizing organic resources for soil fertility improvement in SSA. Key words: Organic resources, soil fertility, soil organic matter, food security, soil management.
Performance and Evaluation of Data Mining Ensemble Classifiers

: We analyze the breast Cancer data available from the WBC, WDBC from UCI machine learning with the aim of developing accurate prediction models for breast cancer using data mining techniques. Data mining has, for good reason, recently attracted a lot of attention, itis a new Technology, tackling new problem, with great potential for valuable commercial and scientific discoveries. The experiments are conducted in WEKA several data mining ensemble classification techniques were used on the proposed data. The data breast cancer data with a total 286 rows and 10 columns will be used to test and justify the different between the classification the ensemble methodology is to build a predictive model by integrating multiple classifier models. The ensemble methods can be used for improving prediction performance. In this regard this paper presents the important types of ensemble methods including boosting and bagging, stacking with WBDC Data set.
Metagenomic potential of microbial assemblages in the surface waters of the central Pacific Ocean tracks variability in oceanic habitat

Oceanic habitats may select for different organisms, thereby tuning genomic capabilities to local environmental conditions. To understand the relationship between microbial assemblage composition, functional capability, and habitat, a random genome shotgun sequencing (metagenomic) survey was conducted with surface‐water microbial assemblages (0.2–5‐µm size fraction) collected at seven locations along a meridional transect from the northern edge of the South Pacific subtropical gyre to the southern edge of the North Pacific subtropical gyre (16°S–13.5°N). A total of 1.1 million unique sequence reads were obtained, of which ~45% could be annotated to metabolic category. Microbial assemblages in equatorial divergence and countercurrent habitats were distinct phylogenetically from those in gyre waters. Ecotypes of dominant Cyanobacteria (Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus) had distinct distributions congruent with their physiological characteristics in cultivation. The metagenomic distribution of genes among metabolic pathways was very similar at all stations despite phylogenetic differences, but was unrelated to physicochemical habitat, suggesting that dominant microorganisms have a core suite of genes necessary for life in the open ocean. Among metabolic genes that varied across the transect, several patterns were observed. For example, phosphate (PO43‐) stress response genes were more common in gyre waters than at the equator. The variability in frequency of several metabolic pathways (e.g., chlorophyll biosynthesis, PO43‐ metabolism, and transcription initiation bacterial sigma factors) was related to physicochemical conditions, most of which were related to taxonomic differences among habitats. Microbial communities in the central Pacific Ocean are phylogenetically distinct to the oceanic provinces which they inhabit.
Quality evaluation of Korbačik cheese

The aim of the present study was analysed the physical and chemical parameters in lump cheese and Korbacik cheese. Sensory evaluation was performed only in Korbacik cheese. There was compared quality of Korbacik cheese made from lump cheese ripened one and three weeks. The statistical analysis of the moisture showed significant differences ( p < 0.001) among Korbacik cheese made from raw material ripened one and three weeks. Average moisture of the Korbacik made from cheese ripened one week was 44.73% and of the Korbacik made from cheese ripened three weeks was 53.73%. The statistical analysis of the dry mater value showed significant differences ( p < 0.001) among the Korbacik cheese made from raw material ripened one and three weeks. Average value of dry matter of the Korbacik made from cheese ripened one week was 55.27% and of the Korbacik made from cheese ripened three weeks was 46.27%. The statistical analysis of the fat content showed significant differences ( p < 0.01) among the Korbacik cheese made from raw material ripened one and three weeks. Average fat content of the Korbacik made from cheese ripened one week was 22.67% and of the Korbacik made from cheese ripened three weeks was 20.20%. The statistical analysis of the fat content in dry matter showed significant differences ( p < 0.001) among Korbacik cheese made from raw material ripened one and three weeks. Average NaCl content in the Korbacik made from cheese ripened one week was 3.78% and in the Korbacik made from cheese ripened three weeks was 2.93%. The statistical analysis of MDA content showed significant differences ( p < 0.05) among the Korbacik cheese made from raw material ripened one and three weeks. Average MDA content in the Korbacik made from cheese ripened one week was 0.29 mg.kg -1 and in the Korbacik made from cheese ripened three weeks was 0.36 mg.kg -1 . Korbacik cheese made from cheese aged 3 weeks was practically in all sensory parameters better evaluated than the Korbacik cheese made from cheese aged one week.