Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Band Carrier Aggregation Scheme for Mobile Satellite Communications

This paper works on the scheme of multi-band carrier aggregation in satellite mobile communication system. According to the transmission characteristics of carriers in different frequency bands, the transmission parameters of OFDM in different bands have been got. The applicability of the traditional carrier aggregation scheme in satellite mobile communication system has also been discussed. A scheme of the cross band carrier aggregation in satellite mobile communication system and the corresponding synchronization scheme of data symbols are given. Numerical calculation and analysis are given to confirm the rationality and effectiveness.
Progress in Developing and Extending RM³ Heterogeneous Integration Technologies

This paper describes recent progress in a continuing program to develop and apply RM (recess mounting with monolithic metallization) technologies for heterogeneous integration. Particular emphasis is placed on the APB (aligned pillar bonding) and MASA (magnetically assisted statistical assembly) technologies. Next, ongoing research on applications of RM3 integration to produce optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) for optical clock distribution, diffuse optical tomography, and smart pixel arrays are described. Finally, potential new applications of these technologies in intraand interchip optical signal interconnects, in fluorescent dye detection and imaging for biomedical applications, and in III-V mini-IC integration on Si-CMOS for enhancing off-chip drive capabilities are outlined.
A Distributed Model of Ionomeric Polymer Metal Composite

This article presents a novel model of an ionomeric polymer metal composite (IPMC) material. An IPMC is modeled as a lossy RC distributed line. Unlike other electro-mechanical models of an IPMC, the distributed nature of our model permits modeling the non-uniform bending of the material. Instead of modeling the tip deflection or uniform deformation of the material, we model the changing curvature. The transient behavior of the electrical signal as well as the transient bending of the IPMC are described by partial differential equations. By implementing the proper initial and boundary conditions we develop the analytical description of the possibly non-uniform transient behavior of an IPMC consistent with the experimental results.
Nonlinearities in GaInAs/InP p-i-n photodetectors

In this article we present the analysis and simulation of nonlinearities in the GaInAs/InP p-i-n photodetector at high illuminations. It is shown that the nonlinearities are generated principally in the low-field region of the intrinsic layer. The frequency response, especially for the nonlinear characteristics, is illustrated to differ significantly between top-illumination and substrate-illumination operations at common biasing level. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Iterative Multivariate Peaks Fitting—A Robust Approach for The Analysis of Non-Baseline Resolved Chromatographic Peaks

Selectivity in separation science is defined as the extent to which a method can determine the target analyte free of interference. It is the backbone of any method and can be enhanced at various steps, including sample preparation, separation optimization and detection. Significant improvement in selectivity can also be achieved in the data analysis step with the mathematical treatment of the signals. In this manuscript, we present a new approach that uses mathematical functions to model chromatographic peaks. However, unlike classical peak fitting approaches where the fitting parameters are optimized with a single profile (one-way data), the parameters are optimized over multiple profiles (two-way data). Thus, it allows high confidence and robustness. Furthermore, an iterative approach where the number of peaks is increased at each step until convergence is developed in this manuscript. It is demonstrated with simulated and real data that this algorithm is: (1) capable of mathematically separating each component with minimal user input and (2) that the peak areas can be accurately measured even with resolution as low as 0.5 if the peak’s intensities does not differ by more than a factor 10. This was conclusively demonstrated with the quantification of diterpene esters in standard mixtures.
Driver fatigue alarm based on eye detection and gaze estimation

The driver assistant system has attracted much attention as an essential component of intelligent transportation systems. One task of driver assistant system is to prevent the drivers from fatigue. For the fatigue detection it is natural that the information about eyes should be utilized. The driver fatigue can be divided into two types, one is the sleep with eyes close and another is the sleep with eyes open. Considering that the fatigue detection is related with the prior knowledge and probabilistic statistics, the dynamic Bayesian network is used as the analysis tool to perform the reasoning of fatigue. Two kinds of experiments are performed to verify the system effectiveness, one is based on the video got from the laboratory and another is based on the video got from the real driving situation. Ten persons participate in the test and the experimental result is that, in the laboratory all the fatigue events can be detected, and in the practical vehicle the detection ratio is about 85%. Experiments show that in most of situations the proposed system works and the corresponding performance is satisfying.
Application of DEA to Voting for the Baseball Hall of Fame

This paper applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to voting for the Baseball Hall of Fame. The approach interprets a player's career statistics as inputs, and the percentage of votes he received for the HOF as the output. A constructed frontier based on past voting defines the maximum number of votes that a player should receive based on his statistical profile. Our results suggest that about a third of current members of the HOF (excluding Negro League players, managers, umpires, and executives) should be replaced by more deserving players. Our conclusions, however, do not account for those aspects of a player's career (both positive and negative) not captured by statistics.
A novel bifunctional aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase mediating ethanol formation from acetyl-CoA in hyperthermophiles

Background: Hyperthermophilic fermentation at temperatures above 80 °C allows in situ product removal to mitigate the ethanol toxicity, and reduces microbial contamination without autoclaving/cooling of feedstock. Many species of Thermotoga grow at temperatures up to 90 °C, and have enzymes to degrade and utilize lignocelluloses, which provide advantages for achieving consolidated processes of cellulosic ethanol production. However, no CoA-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase (CoA-Aldh) from any hyperthermophiles has been documented in literature so far. The pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductases from hyperthermophiles have pyruvate decarboxylase activity, which convert about 2% and 98% of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and acetyl-CoA (ac-CoA), respectively. Acetyl-CoA can be converted to acetic acid, if there is no CoA-Aldh to convert ac-CoA to acetaldehyde and further to ethanol. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify and characterize a CoA-Aldh activity that mediates ethanol fermentation in hyperthermophiles.Results: In Thermotoga neapolitana (Tne), a hyperthermophilic iron-acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (Fe-AAdh) was, for the first time, revealed to catalyze the ac-CoA reduction to form ethanol via an acetaldehyde intermediate, while the annotated aldh gene in Tne genome only encodes a CoA-independent Aldh that oxidizes aldehyde to acetic acid. Three other Tne alcohol dehydrogenases (Adh) exhibited specific physiological roles in ethanol formation and consumption: Fe-Adh2 mainly catalyzed the reduction of acetaldehyde to produce ethanol, and Fe-Adh1 showed significant activities only under extreme conditions, while Zn-Adh showed special activity in ethanol oxidation. In the in vitro formation of ethanol from ac-CoA, a strong synergy was observed between Fe-Adh1 and Fe-AAdh. The Fe-AAdh gene is highly conserved in Thermotoga spp. and in Pyrococus sp. , which is probably responsible for ethanol metabolism in hyperthermophiles.Conclusions: Hyperthermophilic Thermotoga spp. are excellent candidates for biosynthesis of cellulosic ethanol fermentation strains. The finding of a novel hyperthermophilic CoA-Aldh activity of Tne Fe-AAdh revealed the existence of a hyperthermophilic fermentation pathway from ac-CoA to ethanol, which offers a basic frame for in vitro synthesis of a highly active AAdh for effective ethanol fermentation pathway in hyperthermophiles, which is a key element for the approach to the consolidated processes of cellulosic ethanol production.
A New Collaboration Distribution Network Base on Third Party Logistics Alliance

This paper researching on vehicle collaboration distribution of TPL alliance, discussing the solution to the arrangement of vehicle routing problem which is base on “multi-deport” vehicle distribution of the triangle network. As for the key situation of vehicle distribution, clusters the supply and demand nodes into sliced area in order to constrain triangle distribution model and realize the triangle closed-loop route of vehicle distribution in both pickup and delivering. By comparing relative advantages of the traditional distribution model and the triangle distribution model on many code aspects; then stimulate the problem with improved ant-algorithm; finally analyzes the results of stimulation. The results imply that the triangle network of vehicle distribution can reduce unload ratio and the cost of transportation, can improve full-load ratio and can achieve the optimal allocation of transport resources.
A synthetic time-reversal imaging method for structural health monitoring

This paper presents an experimental and theoretical investigation of the applicability of the time-reversal concept to guided waves in plate-like structures, where the stress waves are dispersive and of multi-modes. It is shown that temporal and spatial focusing can be achieved through time reversal, although the dispersive behaviour of the flexural waves renders it impossible to exactly reconstruct the waveform of the original excitation. Based on the principle of the time-reversal concept, a digital imaging method suitable for distributed sensor/actuator networks has been developed. This new method, which overcomes the limitation of the conventional phased array method that operates under pulse-echo mode, provides an efficient imaging method for locating and approximate sizing of structural damages. In addition, it has been shown that signal strengths can be considerably enhanced by applying the present synthetic time-reversal method, thus reducing the number of sensors and actuators required to achieve a given signal-to-noise ratio.
Effects of Magnetic Field on Plasma Confinement of an Ion Thruster Discharge Chamber

This work reports a 2-D full kinetic particle-in-cell plus Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) model for an ion thruster discharge chamber. The model focuses on the influences of the magnetic field strength, the magnetic field topography, and the number of magnetic rings on discharge characteristics. The dependence of plasma behavior and discharge parameters on different magnetic field configurations is analyzed in detail. The simulation results suggest that the enhancement of the magnetic field strength aggravates the confinement of the primary electrons, resulting in higher electron density, ionization rate, and ion density. The primary electrons near the axis undergo numerous inelastic collisions and lose energy, which behaves that the energy of the primary electrons decreases with the increase in the magnetic field strength. Meanwhile, the stronger magnetic field reduces the discharge loss and advances the fraction of the ions extracted into the beam, which reflects favorable discharge efficiency. Furthermore, the improvement of magnetic field topography by adding additional magnetic rings promotes the off-axis of primary electrons and presents a better plasma uniformity. This effort provides insights for understanding plasma confinement and optimizing magnetic field design.
Time Series Preprocessing and Forecasting Based on EMD

In this paper we pay attention to the preprocessing of time series and its application. We apply Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) to decompose three kinds of series into their components in order to study the data and forecast more efficiently. We try to unite EMD analysis and autoregressive integrated moving average processes (ARIMA) into a new forecasting technique which we call EMD-ARIMA. We find that our method is extraordinarily close to the original data.
Erosion Control Handbook for Local Roads

This manual, intended for counties, townships and local units of government, provides guidelines and methods for effective erosion control practices on low volume roads. Local agencies are required to develop erosion control plans and abide by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements. Detailed information is provided to guide the user through both Phase I and II of the NPDES permit process, and help is given for dealing with local watershed districts and other agencies. This manual provides guidance for maintenance activities, and case studies outlining best management practices.
Toward sub-Kelvin resistive cooling and non destructive detection of trapped non-neutral electron plasma

A resonant circuit tuned to a particular frequency of the motion of charged particles stored in a Penning trap and connected to a low noise amplifier allows, at the same time, cooling and non destructive detection of the particles. Its use is widely diffused when single or few particles are stored near the centre of a hyperbolic Penning trap. We present a consistent model that predicts the shape of the induced signal when the tuned circuit is used to detect and cool the axial motion of a cold non neutral plasma stored in an open-ended cylindrical Penning trap. The model correctly accounts for the not negligible axial plasma size. We show that the power spectrum of the signal measured across the tuned circuit provides information about the particle number and insights about the plasma temperature. We report on the design of a HEMT-based cryogenic amplifier working at 14.4 MHz and 4.2 K and the results of the noise measurements. We have measured a drain current noise in the range from 6 to 17 pA/√Hz, which corresponds to an increase of the tuned circuit equivalent temperature of at maximum 0.35 K. The cryogenic amplifier has a very low power consumption from few tens to few hundreds of μW corresponding to a drain current in the range 100–800 μ A. An additional contribution due to the gate noise has been identified when the drain current is below 300 μA; above that value an upper limit of the increase of the equivalent tuned circuit temperature due to this contribution of 0.02 K has been obtained. These features make the tuned circuit connected to this amplifier a promising device for detecting and cooling the axial motion of an electron plasma when the Penning trap is mounted inside a dilution refrigerator.
Fleet numerical support for homeland security in the wake of 9/11

The Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center provides meteorological and oceanographic support to civilian and military decision makers throughout the agencies planning and executing response to the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This support is in the form of observations, numerical forecast model output, and various products and services based on them. While these functions are not new to Fleet Numerical, the pace of operations and the breadth of the customer base have required a number of innovations in product generation, distribution, and display capabilities.
Driving Behaviors, Risk Perceptions, and Stress

In an effort to examine the driving behaviors of military personnel, this study surveyed 469 marines. These military personnel were stationed in California; more than half reported recently returning from deployment overseas. During base stand downs, the marines were given a survey that asked them to report on various previous driving behaviors, perceptions of aggressive or risky driving actions, and perceived stress. Participants who reported recent deployment to a fighting zone (Iraq) reported significantly higher scores on items such as being a risk taker, losing their temper while driving, and the right to retaliatory action against aggressive actions from other drivers. The results of this study indicate a need for further examination of the driving habits of military personnel as well as a closer exploration of risk-taking behaviors of personnel recently returned from combat zones.
Turbomachinery Dual Rotor-Bearing System Analysis

It is very common for aircraft engines to have dual rotor or even triple rotor designs. Due to the complexity of having multiple rotor design, the transfer matrix methods have used in the past to deal with multiple rotor-bearing systems. However, due to transfer matrix method’s assumptions, sometimes resulted in numerical stability problems or root-missing problems. The purpose of this paper is to develop a systematic theoretical analysis of the dynamic characteristics of turbomachinery dual rotor-bearing systems. This dual rotor-bearing system analysis will start with a finite element (FEM) rotor-bearing system dynamic model, then using different methods to verify the analysis results including critical speed map and bearing stiffness. In an inertia coordinate system, a general model of continuous dual rotor-bearing systems is established based on a lagrangian formulation. Gyroscopic moment, rotary inertia, bending and shear deformations have been included in the model. From a point of view of the systematic approach, a solution of the finite element method is used to calculate the critical speeds by several different methods, which in turn can help to verify this dual rotor-bearing system approach. The effects of the speed ratio of dual rotors on the critical speed will be studied, which in turn can be used as one of the dual rotor design parameters. Also, both critical speeds are in effect functions of dual rotor speeds. Finally, the bearing stiffness between high speed and low speed shafts not only affect the critical speeds of the dual rotor system, but also affect the mode shapes of the system. Therefore, the bearing stiffness in between is of even greater importance in turbomachinery dual rotor or multiple rotor design.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
An evaluation of FUROX isolation technology for VLSI/nMOSFET fabrication

A defect-free near-zero bird's beak, fully recessed oxide (FUROX) field-isolation technology has been evaluated through the fabrication of VLSI/nMOSFETs. The FUROX process mainly consists of: (1) a thin nitrided oxide as the stress buffer layer and the interface sealing layer for local oxidation enhancement; and (2) a novel more-reliable nitride masking structure for a two-step field oxidation and a self-aligned field implantation. The elimination of the necking effect on positive photoresist and the improvement of critical dimension control for polysilicon gates using the planarized isolation have been demonstrated. Through electrical characterization of n/sup +/-p diodes and field and active transistors, the FUROX devices have been shown to provide low leakage-current level, good isolation property, and large recovery of the effective channel width (1.4 mu m). Therefore, the serious narrow-width effects that exist in conventional LOCOS (local oxidation of silicon) isolated have been effectively reduced. Using histogram analysis, the reliability of the masking structure had hence good uniformity of device properties for FUROX isolation have been exhibited. The successful fabrication of FUROX devices with W/sub eff/=0.6 mu m clearly demonstrates that FUROX isolation technology is greatly superior to conventional LOCOS. >
Ecological and economical assessment of end‐of‐life waste recycling in the electrical and electronic recovery sector

Technological innovation and shorter product life cycles of electrical and electronic equipment coupled with their rapidly growing applications have resulted in the generation of an enormous amount of waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). To address the potential environmental problems that could stem from improper end‐of‐life management of WEEE, many countries have drafted national legislation to improve the reuse, remanufacture and material recycling from WEEE, and to reduce the amount of such waste going to landfills. With the introduction of such legislation comes an increased need for the recovery operators to evaluate the recycling costs and environmental benefits of reclaimed products and materials in order to select the most appropriate end‐of‐life options for individual products in WEEE. This paper presents a systematic methodology for ecological and economical assessment to provide a holistic understanding of the impacts associated with different end‐of‐life options for such waste. This assessment, in addition to providing decision‐support for the selection of the best possible end‐of‐life option for a particular product in WEEE, could also generate vital information to support the design and material selection processes during the initial product development activities. The assertion made is that the detailed considerations of the ecological and economical impacts associated with different end‐of‐life options will significantly improve the recovery and recycling of WEEE.
Review on the Study of Green Design Performance for Building Refurbishment Project: Finding the Gaps in Knowledge

This paper aims to find the gaps in knowledge in the study of green design performance for refurbishment projectsduring design process in the Malaysian construction industry. This includes critical review and analysis of findings by other well known researchers on the need to establish the theoretical frameworks of green design performance in refurbishment project. Literature review found that project characteristics and design team attributes are the variables. The literature review forms the basis for findings the gap in knowledge that is useful for authors to further research in this area of study.The paper concludes with the discussions on how each variables correlate with another variables which eventually formed the theoretical framework and hyphotesis.