Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bad debt: The women’s mobilization against the financial industry in Kyrgyzstan

This article offers a first person account of women’s mobilization against banking and microfinance sectors in Kyrgyzstan. It focuses on the key factors for the evolution of the anti-debt movement, and women’s political strategies to problematize interest and to denaturalize the discourse of financial inclusion. For many years, the financial industry has operated a gendered process of neoliberal capital accumulation under the guise of empowerment that has produced tensions between transnational capital and marginalized women. Building upon Bourdieusian ideas on social movements, the study shows the significance of strain and situational definition in the formation of the anti-debt mobilization. The article uses in-depth interviews with the leaders and activists of the anti-debt movement and borrowers to explore how gender, class and capital were intertwined. It contributes to the literature on post-Soviet politics by challenging the dominant elite-centered frameworks, which are inadequate to explain local movements and gendered activism.
On entropy generation due to transient MHD radiative free convection with induced magnetic field in a porous medium channel

The communication pertains to transient magnetohydrodynamics radiative free convection flow with induced magnetic field in a porous medium channel of width L. The setup is subjected to a uniform magnetic field H o * normal to the channel walls and H x * stands for the induced magnetic field. A Cartesian coordinate system is chosen where x*‐axis is taken along the left channel wall and y*‐axis is normal to it. At the time t* = 0, both the walls and the fluid bear a fixed temperature T m * . At the time t* > 0, that is, the onset of the convection, the temperatures of the walls at y* = 0 and at y* = L are just changed to T o * and T L * , respectively, where T m * < T o * and T L * < T m * . The radiative flux qr in the energy equation is assumed to follow the Rosseland approximation. The Keller‐box method has been invoked to solve the governing system encompassing the momentum, energy, and magnetic field equations. The numerical solution strategy yields velocity and temperature distributions, skin friction, and Nusselt number. The velocity and temperature fields are used to compute entropy. Distributions for entropy and Bejan number are shown graphically through two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D plots and discussed. The central objective of this study is to analyze inherent thermodynamic irreversibility. The study has direct applications in plasma aerodynamics and nuclear engineering control where the magnetic field is used as a tool to control flow and heat characteristics. The present study is novel in terms of the objective of the study and the implicit finite difference solution strategy called the Keller‐box method. From the 2D and 3D plots, it is found that the entropy and Bejan number experience qualitative and quantitative variations for varying Brinkman number, radiation parameter, Darcy number, magnetic Prandtl number, Grashoff number, and time. The skin friction and Nusselt number at the channel walls witness qualitative variations for varying parameters.
Local and parallel finite element methods based on two‐grid discretizations for unsteady convection–diffusion problem

In this article, some local and parallel finite element methods are proposed and investigated for the time‐dependent convection–diffusion problem. With backward Euler scheme for the temporal discretization, the basic idea of the present methods is that for a solution to the considered equations, low frequency components can be approximated well by a relatively coarse grid and high frequency components can be computed on a fine grid by some local and parallel procedure at each time step. The partition of unity is used to collect the local high frequency components to assemble a global continuous approximation. Theoretical results are obtained and numerical tests are reported to support the theoretical findings.
Evolution in anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody detection and its clinical significance: a narrative review

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a protein exclusively expressing on the surface of myelin sheaths and oligodendrocyte plasma membrane in the central nervous system of mammals, and it has a highly conserved nucleotide and amino acid structure between species. Evidence from animal research support that anti-MOG antibodies (MOG-Abs) are pathogenic antibodies rather than a bystander secondary to myelin destruction. Similarly, immunoglobulin-G against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) is considered a demyelinating disease-associated autoantibody in human beings. In clinical studies, several detection methods, including ELISA, immunoblot, radio immunoprecipitation assays and Cell-based assays (CBAs), have been applied in identifying MOG-Abs in idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IIDDs) of human beings. CBAs method is recommended by many proposed diagnostic criterions for MOG-Abs-associated disorders (MOGAD). This method involves transfection of mammalian cells with MOG antigen, binding of MOG-Abs to MOG antigen, binding of secondary antibodies to MOG-Abs and quantification method. However, the reliability for CBAs systems of MOG-Abs detection can be influenced by numerous factors, such as length of MOG antigen, expression vectors, cell lines, secondary antibodies, and read-out systems. In addition, there are controversial results on the studies of IIDDs with MOG-IgG positive. Nowadays, more and more evidence suggests that patients positive for MOG-IgG share common features, but further clinical and laboratory researches are needed to clarify if MOGAD is an independent disease entity. In this review, we intend to summarize the detection methods of MOG-Abs and their sensitivity and specificity to MOGAD in human.
A deep learning model for the topological design of 2D periodic wave barriers

This study presents a new deep learning (DL) model to design topological configurations of periodic wave barriers to meet different target frequencies and site conditions. The new DL model is composed of an auto‐encoder (AE) and a conditional variational AE, and 230,000 sets of data are generated for training, validating, and testing it. The designed results are in good agreement with the targets, and it only takes a few seconds to complete a design. Two barriers are designed by the proposed method for two practical examples, and the vibrations in peak frequency ranges are attenuated. The DL model makes the design of periodic wave barriers smarter and more efficient.
Gender and the Strategic and Tactical Logic of Boko Haram’s Suicide Bombers

Abstract Boko Haram is well known for its use of women as suicide bombers. While prior research has examined why this phenomenon is occurring, as well as what makes Boko Haram a unique terror group, the present study examines how their female bombers are infiltrating targets, what types of targets are being successfully infiltrated, and whether the bomber’s gender has an impact on the infiltration tactic and the success of the bombing mission. Utilizing the open-sourced data provided by the Global Terrorism Database (GTD), a complementary qualitative dataset was compiled that included 102 female suicide bombing incidents from 2014 to 2017. Results of content analysis indicate that there was a variety of infiltration tactics used by the female bombers that progressively evolved as specific tactics’ effectiveness waned, and that gender impacted the missions allowing for the female bombers to effectively infiltrate soft targets with high casualties, increasing the group’s overall utilization of females in operative roles.
Centralized Control of Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Renewable Energies

Distribution networks were conceived to distribute the energy received from transmission and subtransmission to supply passive loads. This approach, however, is not valid anymore due to the presence of distributed generation, which is mainly based on renewable energies, and the increased number of plug-in electric vehicles that are connected at this voltage level for domestic use. In this paper the ongoing transition that distribution networks face is addressed. Whereas distributed renewable energy sources increase nodal voltages, electric vehicles result in demand surges higher than the load predictions considered when planning these networks, leading to congestion in distribution lines and transformers. Additionally, centralized control techniques are analyzed to reduce the impact of distributed generation and electric vehicles and increase their effective integration. A classification of the different methodologies applied to the problems of voltage control and congestion management is presented.
Genetic Structure and Diversity of the Yellowbelly Threadfin Bream Nemipterus bathybius in the Northern South China Sea

The genetic structure and demography of the yellowbelly threadfin bream, Nemipterus bathybius, in the northern South China Sea were examined using the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene (1141 bp). High levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversities (0.98 and 5.26 × 10−3, respectively) showed that all populations exhibited a high level of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), FST statistics, and haplotype networks suggested the absence of significant genetic differentiation along the coast of the northern South China Sea. Although the results suggested that the lack of differentiation within the population structure of N. bathybius was shaped by ocean currents, our results also showed that the Qiongzhou Strait limited their migration between Beibu Gulf and the northern South China Sea. Neutrality tests and mismatch distributions indicated population expansion, but the Bayesian skyline plots and approximate Bayesian computation approaches suggested that the population sizes recently contracted. The diversification of multiple stocks, which were induced by two ocean current systems, contributed to these discordant results. Although these analyses of demographic history revealed no evidence for recent population bottlenecks, the population demography needs to be evaluated further.
No negative impact of word retraining on vocabulary use or clarity of communication in semantic dementia

ABSTRACT Word retraining techniques can improve picture naming of treated items in people with semantic dementia (SD). The utility of this, however, has been questioned given the propensity for under- and overgeneralization errors in naming in SD. Few studies have investigated the occurrence of such errors. This study examined whether, following tailored word retraining: (1) misuse of words increases, (2) the type of naming errors changes, and/or (3) clarity of communication is reduced. Performance on trained and untrained word naming from nine participants with SD who completed a word retraining programme were analysed. Responses from baseline and post-intervention assessments were coded for misuse (i.e., trained word produced for another target item), error type, and communication clarity. All participants showed significant improvement for trained vocabulary. There was no significant increase in misuse of words, with such errors occurring rarely. At a group level, there was an increased tendency toward omission errors for untrained items, and a reduction in semantically related responses. However, this did not impact on clarity scores with no consistent change across participants. In sum, we found no negative impacts following tailored word retraining, providing further evidence of the benefit of these programmes for individuals with SD.
The interfacial interaction between asphalt binder and mineral filler: a comprehensive review on mechanisms, evaluation methods and influence factors

ABSTRACT Asphalt binder and mineral filler are mixed together to bond fine and coarse aggregates of asphalt mixture. The interaction between asphalt and filler plays an important role in deciding the rheological responses of asphalt mixture. Significant efforts have been devoted over the years to studying the asphalt–filler interaction in terms of mechanisms, evaluation methods and influence factors. The interaction mechanisms of filler particles to asphalt have been analysed from various perspectives, including rheological test, microstructural change and molecular dynamic simulation. This paper systematically reviews current evidence to thoroughly reflect the asphalt–filler interaction mechanism. Based on different theoretical models and rheological parameters, several evaluation indices have been proposed in recent decades. This paper also summarises the effectiveness and sensitiveness of these indices to measuring the asphalt–filler interaction ability. Additionally, the influences of internal and external factors on asphalt–filler interaction ability are comprehensively reviewed, aiming to shed light on its fundamental mechanisms to enhance asphalt mixture design. The internal factors refer to the characteristics of asphalt and filler particles, while the external factors include temperature, loading frequency, asphalt thermal oxidation and water.
Competing Sorption of Se(IV) and Se(VI) on Schwertmannite

Schwertmannite (SHM) is a naturally occurring mineral that has been shown to effectively scavenge oxyanions from contaminated water. In this study, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques in combination with wet-chemical techniques were used to study the competitive sorption of Se(IV) and Se(VI) at pH 3. The experiments were conducted with three types of schwertmannite obtained from oxidative synthesis, biogenic synthesis and high-pressure compaction at different initial Se concentrations and mixing ratios for 48 h and 56 days, respectively. A threshold value for the uptake mechanisms was identified, which reflects the amount of easily exchangeable sulphate (~0.5 mmol/g). At adsorbate concentrations below this threshold, an inner-sphere corner-sharing bidentate binuclear complex forms upon exchange with sulphate. At higher concentrations, both oxyanions become bound to SHM through co-occurrence of mainly inner-sphere and partly outer-sphere corner-sharing bidentate binuclear complexes with Fe(III) containing surface sites. Single species experiments clearly indicate a higher affinity of SHM for Se(IV). However, in mixed species experiments, competitive sorption occurs with equal or even preferential uptake of Se(VI) at concentrations much lower than the threshold value, presumably due to geometrical similarity between selenate and sulphate, and increasing preference for Se(IV) at high Se concentrations.
Exploring the adaptive role of core social motives in perceived societal threats

Emiko S. Kashima, Danielle P. Ochoa, Gandalf Nicolas, Getrude C. Ah Gang, Hongfei Du, Johannes Klackl, Nicholas Plusnin, Upekha Pathumi Miriyagalla, Yoshihisa Kashima, and Susan T. Fiske La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
An Approach to Co-Design and Self-Regulated Learning in Technological Environments. Systematic Review

Present-day society calls for new student-centred didactic methodologies that make the student an active participant in their learning process. Strategies aimed at training citizens and professionals must adapt and respond to a society that is constantly changing. In this context, self-regulated learning and educational co-design emerge as key concepts in the development of new educational approaches. The present study seeks to identify the elements shared by models of self-regulation and educational co-design in technology-enhanced learning environments. To this end, a systematic review of the scientific literature during the period 2014-2019 has been conducted. The search was carried out using five databases: (1) Ebsco Host; (2) Web of Science; (3) Scopus; (4) ERIC; (5) Dialnet. A total of 830 references and 21 papers meeting the criteria for inclusion were identified. An analysis of the studies selected enabled us to identify the self-regulation models associated with co-design learning processes, as well as the elements they have in common. These include planning, motivation, cognition, task management, collaboration, and degree of success. The results provide the first steps for the construction of a co-design model, which includes guidelines for the creation of personalised learning pathways in technology-enhanced environments.
Effect of homegarden and parkland agroforestry practices in Ethiopia on selected soil properties

Ethiopian agricultural lands are fragile due to inherent unfavourable soil properties, over-exploitation, mismanagement (deforestation, over-grazing and inappropriate land use systems) and harsh weather conditions. These factors are worsened by changing climatic conditions, leading to significant problems in terms of soil erosion and loss of soil fertility. The consequences of such processes can be detected at the economic (agricultural production is currently being jeopardized)and biological (risks of biodiversity loss and habitat fragmentation)levels. However, the use of tree/shrub species in various agroforestry practices can increase soil nutrient supply through nitrogen fixation, improve soil structure, reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses. A study was carried out in the Amhara region, Ethiopia to evaluate the effect of home garden and parkland agroforestry practices on selected soil chemical properties. Soil samples were taken from 20x20m square plots established in home garden agroforestry and adjacent agricultural land without trees (control). In parkland agroforestry practice, two dominant tree species in each of the five villages were chosen. Soil samples were taken from the tree at the midpoint of the canopy projection, at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths. The collected soil samples were air-dried, homogenized and passed through a 2 mm sieve for subsequent soil chemical analysis. The results indicated that all soil chemical properties except total nitrogen were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the agroforestry practices.Higher soil organic carbon, organic matter, available phosphorus,and exchangeablepotassium were found in the home garden agroforestry practice, while the lowest values were recorded in without-tree fields (control). All soil chemical properties except soil pH decreased as the soil depth increased. Higher value of organic carbon, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium were found in the home garden agroforestry likely because of a higher proportion of deep-rooted tree/shrub species and species belonging to the legume functional group. Therefore, the home garden agroforestry practice can be used as an ecologically friendly and sustainable alternative to maintaining soil fertility.
Novel Variant in CLDN16: A Further Step in the Diagnosis of Familial Hypomagnesemia with Hypercalciuria and Nephrocalcinosis—A Case Report

Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) is a rare tubulopathy characterized by renal loss of calcium and magnesium leading to progressive renal failure. The disorder is caused by variants to the tight junction proteins claudin-16 and -19. While rare, this disorder causes a significant burden to patients based on its clinical manifestations of various electrolyte abnormalities, nephrocalcinosis, and early progression to renal failure. In this report we describe the diagnosis of a novel variant of CLDN16 which clinically presented with severe hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, nephrocalcinosis, and renal failure.
Early development of the Peruvian rock seabass Paralabrax humeralis (Teleostei: Serranidae): morphological description of the embryonic and yolk-sac larval stages

Describe the embryonic development of Paralabrax humeralis (Peruvian rock seabass) and the present morphology of its eggs and yolk-sac larvae using the eggs spawned by P. humeralis broodstock in captivity. The spawning occurred naturally and spontaneously in early November 2018. The egg is pelagic and round, with a diameter of 0.98 ± 0.02 mm, an oil globule, and a diameter of 0.2 ± 0.02 mm. Embryonic development started with meroblastic cleavage, reaching the first cleavage stage at 0.4 h post-fertilization (HPF), and reached 64 cells at 2.2 HPF. Blastula period, 128 cells to 30% epiboly, end at 11.3 HPF. Gastrula period, 50% epiboly to 90% epiboly, end at 19.6 HPF. In the organogenesis period, forming Kupffer’s vesicle appeared at 22.5 HPF, the separation of the caudal fin from the yolk at 30.3 HPF, and the hatching of the first larvae at 47.9 HPF. Water temperature was kept at 17.2 ± 0.2°C. The yolk-sac larvae measured 2.22 ± 0.1 mm with a pigmentation pattern of pinpoint melanophores, all along with the embryo and xanthophores in the cephalic region, trunk, and caudal region, as well as in the oil globule. The larva takes feeds from three days post-hatch-out.
Characterizing the Particle Variations and Human Exposure in Port and Urban Areas

In port areas, traffic is characterized by container trucks which run on diesel, while in urban areas it is characterized by private cars which run on petrol. The different fuels as pollution sources cause distinct particle pollution. This study offers an in-depth investigation of particle pollution and corresponding short-term exposures in port and urban areas. Field measurements were carried out to collect the data including particulate matter and traffic volume. Based on the data, firstly, the Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the relationships between traffic volume and particles. Secondly, the Anderson–Darling test was adopted to identify the “best-fit” distributions on particles. Thirdly, comparisons of particle pollution levels in port and urban areas were analyzed. Finally, the pedestrian respiratory deposition doses of particles were estimated. The results indicate the importance and urgency of reducing air pollution, especially for port cities, and provide policymakers with a foundation for possible measures in the port city.
EFL Students’ Perception and Motivation Toward Quizizz as E-Learning Media in English E-Classroom

This study investigates the English as Foreign Language (EFL) students' perception and motivation toward Quizizz as e-learning media in English e-classroom. The total number of participants in this study is 106 students of 11th graders of Senior High School consist of five classes who had experience toward Quizizz. A descriptive statistics approach is applied in this study. The data collected by using closed-ended questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by using SPSS version 25.00. The result shows most of EFL students had positive perception and motivation toward Quizizz. Therefore, Quizizz as e-learning media can support the learning process in English e-classroom. It indicates that Quizizz is an appropriate e-learning media that can be used in English e-classroom and it can increase EFL students’ motivation during e-learning.