Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Noise Analog Front End for IoT Sensor

This document is proposed ultra low noise analog front end sensor part for Internet of Tiny Things(IoTT) application which guarantee under 100fA/sqrt(Hz) Input Referred Noise (IRN) when input is near 100pA. To eliminate the flicker noise, this system used chopping technique. Also in TIA, it used pseudo resistor for small area which is a key point of IoTT. This system consists of TIA, PGA, pseudo resistor, chopper, Low Pass Filter (LPF). Pseudo resistor for small area, chopper is for low noise. LPF removes amplified noise from the carrier frequency. This system is designed with a 4.3V supply power using a CMOS 180nm process. The area is 550μm X 290μm, and pseudo resistor block has only 50μm X 50μm. In this paper, the IRN is reduced 50 times with chopper from 117fA/sqrt(Hz) to 5.9pA/sqrt(Hz).
Active jitter suppression of optical structures

This paper presents the results of experiments involving jitter suppression of optical components. Acoustic disturbances and structurally transmitted vibration contribute to the jitter of optical systems such as lasers. Active and passive methods must be used to suppress jitter from entering the optical train. An experimental test bed is constructed to study the effects of acoustic disturbances on an optical system. A laser source is directed onto a light-detecting target by way of a turning mirror and fast-steering mirror (FSM). The FSM, actuated by three piezoelectric stacks, provides tilt in both the elevation and azimuth axes. Both mirrors are exposed to an acoustic disturbance. The objective is to use knowledge of the acoustic-structural interaction to design a controller that precisely points the laser. To achieve this, several control methodologies are studied. A servo control loop around the FSM is designed using an H2 approach. By feeding back the laser beam position to the FSM, the jitter is reduced by a factor of 2.5. Feedforward methods are also explored using microphones and accelerometers as disturbance sensors. Acoustic noise control is studied as a means of reducing the sound pressure level in the proximity of the optics. Sound pressure sensed by a microphone was fed to a loudspeaker and the loop was closed with an H2 optimal controller.
Intrinsic Capacitance based Multi bit Computing in Memory

Computing in memory (CIM) technique is being researched for process multiply-and-accumulate operation which is used in deep neural networks efficiently. Conventional CIM architecture only supports binary neural network which has lower accuracy. Some approaches use capacitor for multi bit operation. However, because capacitor has large size, the area efficiency of CIM macro is degraded. This paper proposes CIM macro structure that supports multi bit operation using parasitic capacitance of transistor. The proposed structure does not need additional capacitor and thus, it can achieve area efficient multi bit operation.
A Wideband Millimeter-Wave Magneto-Electric Dipole Array with Pillbox-Distributed Network

This work presents a high-gain and wideband antenna array using pillbox-distributed network for millimeter-wave applications. The pillbox transition and the corporate feed network are combined together to provide equal-phase power distribution for all array elements. The non-uniform power divider is employed in the corporate feed network, which can suppress the side-lobe level in the E-plane of the proposed array. The magneto-electric dipole antenna is adopted as the antenna element of the array. The fabricated array achieves an impedance bandwidth of 21% with a maximum gain of 29.6 dBi.
A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Planar Slot Array Antenna with Low Sidelobe Level

A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array antenna with low sidelobe level (SLL) is proposed in this paper. The slot array contains a new method to make use of the internal mutual coupling between slots to achieve the desired current distribution with low SLL in the H-plane. In addition, to realize Dolph-Chebyshev distribution in the E-plane, a power divider is presented, including the design of SIWs with different widths, SIWs with corners bent in arcs, and T-junctions with two posts for the sake of achieving phase compensation, wide bandwidth, and high power-dividing ratio at the same time. By adding two extra posts to control the imaginary part of the impedance, a transition from conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) to SIW with tuning flexibility is applied to feed the antenna. The 64-element SIW slot array antenna is operated at 24 GHz with the simulation result of SLL around - 18.1 dB.
A Switchable Linear to Circular Polarization Converter Using PIN Diodes

In this paper, we present a method to design a switchable polarizer using p-i-n diodes. An antenna-filter-antenna architecture with four metal layers (receiving and transmitting radiating elements, ground plane, and bias lines) is implemented to convert an impinging linearly-polarized electromagnetic wave to a circularly-polarized one. Furthermore, by controlling opportunely the bias current flowing on the two pi-n diodes flip chipped on the transmitting radiating element, the transmission wave can be switched to either left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) or right-handed circular polarization (RHCP). Full-wave electromagnetic simulations of a single element show a transmission loss < 0.8 dB for both polarization (LHCP/RHCP) and 180° phase difference in the frequency band (27 - 31 GHz).
Characterizing SNAP NIR Photodetectors with the Spot-O-Matic

The SNAP project (SuperNova Acceleration Probe) will be a space-based telescope, which will capture images with a focal plane array of 36 CCDs as well as 36 HgCdTe detectors for near infrared light. The University of Michigan contingent of the SNAP collaboration is responsible for testing the HgCdTe detectors and ensuring that they meet the SNAP performance requirements. The University of Michigan team receives near infrared devices from two manufacturers competing for a contract to deliver 36 science-grade devices. Devices from both manufacturerers are characterized in the lab, suggestions for fabrication improvements are returned, and eventually a manufacturerer will be chosen based on its ability to meet SNAP science requirements. The following characteristics of the devices must be fully understood and documented: − Gain − Dark Current − Noise − Response linearity − Quantum efficiency − Pixel response function − Inter-pixel uniformity − Lateral charge diffusion This thesis documents the creation of an experimental apparatus designed to fully characterize the pixel response function, inter-pixel uniformity, and lateral charge diffusion of the SNAP detectors. It will also present experimental results obtained from an InGaAs test device made by one of the competing manufacturers, Raytheon Vision Systems. This test device shares many characteristics with the actual HgCdTe devices that are to be used. In addition to providing valuable information about the test device itself and the manufacturing process, it serves as a proof of functionality for the experimental apparatus.
Triple-Rail Stochastic Number and Its Applications

In Stochastic Computing (SC), we use bit-strings called stochastic numbers (SNs) to perform calculations in very low-cost hardware modules. In SC the length of SNs should be very long, so we need enough precision; the necessary cycles to perform calculations with SNs should be long. To mitigate this disadvantage, there proposed a method to use two shorter bit-strings to represent a single SN; the two bit-strings are called a dual-rail SN, and it is reported that it can reduce the necessary cycles with some additional hardware overhead and some calculation errors. In this paper, we further seek this direction, i.e., we propose to use three bit-strings called triple-rail SNs which needs much shorter cycles than dual-rail and conventional SNs. We compare triple-rail, dual-rail and conventional SNs in terms of hardware overhead and calculation errors.
Clustering Based User Allocation in 5G Networks*

Machine learning is an extremely efficient technique for solving complex problems without the use of traditional programming but rather enabling machines to learn from an input of data and train them to cope with various problems. The rapid growth in the number of active mobile devices, mobile applications and services dictates an efficient utilization of mobile and wireless networking infrastructure. Communication networks need to evolve and valorize machine learning methods in order to process large volumes of data without introducing excessive time delay in these computations. Upcoming 5G systems are expected to be the first network infrastructure to support exploding mobile traffic volumes and machine learning techniques can be used in order to help manage the rise in data volumes. We present a mechanism for resource allocation in mobile and wireless networks, that effectively utilizes machine learning techniques.
Pulse energy dynamics of passively mode-locked solid-state lasers above the Q-switching threshold

We have investigated the dynamical behavior of various passively mode-locked solid-state lasers by measuring how a modulation of the pump power affects the output power. We show theoretically and experimentally how the damping of the relaxation oscillations is reduced and finally becomes zero when the pump power is reduced so that the threshold for Q-switched mode locking is approached. For the first time to our knowledge, this method provides important information on the stability of mode locking above the Q-switched mode-locking threshold. It is applicable to lasers that are mode locked with slow-saturable absorbers. The results helped to explain the cause of unexpectedly low Q-switching thresholds in two cases. Also we obtain some useful spectroscopic information. © 2004 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 140.3580, 140.4050, 140.3540.
Standardizing housing defects: classification, validation and benefits

AbstractDefects produce economic and temporal deviations in construction projects. Although learning from past experiences can help reduce defects and their consequences, usually data is not easily available or is poorly structured and difficult to analyze. Several structured classification systems for defects exist, but regionally specific construction activities make the data unviable for research use. This paper presents the development and the validation of a defects’ classification system for the Spanish housing sector. From the analysis of the existing defect classification systems, a first draft was developed to be discussed and improved in a series of workshops done by a panel of experts. Afterward, the final classification was validated by experts’ interviews. The experts evaluated the epistemological adequacy and reusability of the proposed classification system. The results demonstrate the suitability of the classification system. In addition, the validation revealed that the classification can.
Seam pucker simulation

States that computer simulations of seam pucker were executed. The simulations were based on the computer program which predicts the shape of virtual fabric with an assumption that the relationship between stress and strain of the virtual fabric is linear. The simulations predicted the shape of fabric with the conditions such as material puckering and mechanical properties of fabric. The rating of simulated seam pucker changes according to material puckering. It was shown that bending stiffness and tensile modulus affect the rating of seam pucker. Seam pucker samples were made from fabric for comparison. Computerised seam pucker samples were executed utilising the same properties and shape of seam line as the sample fabric. A fairly similar shape was obtained by the simulation.
Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis of 300m Tall Industrial Reinforced Concrete Chimneys on Piled Raft Foundations

Soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis of 300m tall slender industrial reinforced concrete chimneys with piled raft foundation subjected to Elcentro (1940) ground motion is carried out in the present study. The transient analysis of three dimensional chimney-piled raft-soil system was conducted based on direct method of SSI using finite element method. Linear elastic material behaviour was assumed for the chimney, piled raft and soil. Parametric studies were conducted by considering different thickness of raft of piled raft foundation and different soil types to understand the significance of SSI. The time history analysis of the integrated chimneyfoundation-soil was carried out with ground motion corresponding to the Imperial Valley earthquake at Elcentro (1940) with a magnitude of 7.0 and peak ground acceleration of 0.319g. The time history of acceleration was applied in the global X direction of the entire soil-structure model. The responses in terms of tangential and radial bending moments in raft, settlement of raft and tip deflection of chimney were investigated. The bending moments in raft of piled raft foundation obtained from SSI analysis were compared with that obtained from conventional analysis. It is found that the response in chimney and raft is considerably high for chimney-piled raft system resting on loose sand and it depends on the characteristics of ground motion also.
Reed-Solomon Coded Cooperative Space-time Block Coded Spatial Modulation

A novel Reed-Solomon coded cooperative space-time block coded spatial modulation (RSCC-STBC-SM) scheme with two different RS codes is proposed. One RS code with smaller minimum distance is used at the source, but the other one with larger minimum distance is utilized at the relay. To effectively decode the source and relay RS codes, we propose the joint RS decoding algorithm at the destination. Simulation results show that the proposed RSCC-STBC-SM scheme outperforms the direct RS coded STBC-SM (RSC-STBC-SM) scheme. Moreover, our proposed RSCC-STBC-SM scheme also outperforms multiple existing schemes.
A Two-Antenna System for LTE MIMO Uses on Laptops with Metal Covers

This paper presents a two-antenna system to support LTE multiple-input multiple-output operation. The antenna appears in close slot configuration and is applicable to laptops with metal enclosures. The slot sizes are 3 × 280 mm2. It is placed on the half of the 310 × 200 mm2 ground plane. Two antennas are place on the two sides of slot. The two LTE slot antennas are excited by an π-shaped IFA structure of 27 × 3 mm2 to cover eight LTE bands, which include LTE700/GSM850/900/1800/1900/ UMTS/LTE2300/2500). In order to reduce couplings among the two antennas sharing the slot structure, a capacitor and an inductor are inserted in the middle of the slot to improve the isolation performance. Improved isolation performances are observed in most operation bands.
Chemical mechanical polishing: the impact of a new technology on an industry

Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP), a technology born in IBM Confidential culture, has remained true to its heritage not only because of its significant competitive advantage, but because of the history of its birth in the semiconductor industry. In spite of this heritage, CMP has grown from its invention in 1984, to one of the fastest growing segments of the semiconductor equipment industry. In 1997 the growth rate of CMP equipment averaged 30% in comparison with the rest of the semiconductor equipment market. The factors that enabled this dynamic growth include both the technical advantages of CMP and the history of its development and subsequent spread into the industry. The growth of CMP technology has spawned new business and supplier networks as well as new fields of study. As the science of CMP evolves, it continues to borrow from several diverse technical fields and has created a new science within semiconductors.
GaAs MOSFETs fabrication with a selective liquid phase oxidized gate

The N-channel depletion-mode GaAs MOSFETs with a liquid phase chemical enhanced selective gate oxide grown at low temperature are demonstrated. The proposed selective oxidation method makes the fabrication process of GaAs MOSFETs more reliable and self side-wall passivation possible. The fabricated GaAs MOSFETs exhibit current-voltage characteristics with complete pinch-off and saturation characteristics. The 2 /spl mu/m gate-length MOSFETs with a gate oxide thickness of 35 nm show transconductance larger than 80 mS/mm and maximum drain current density of 380 mA/mm. In addition, microwave characteristics with f/sub T/ of 1.8 GHz and f/sub max/ of 5.2 GHz have been achieved from the 3 /spl mu/m/spl times/60 /spl mu/m GaAs MOSFETs.
Artificial neural networks for predicting creep with an example application to structural masonry

Numerous creep models with limited accuracy have been developed within the last few decades to predict creep of concrete and masonry structures. The stochastic nature of creep deformation and its reliance on a large number of interdependent parameters (e.g., the brick and mortar types, the relative humidity, and the history and level of applied loading) make developing a single, general, and yet accurate mathematical model almost impossible. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been recently introduced as an efficient artificial intelligence modeling technique for applications incorporating a large number of variables. Artificial neural networks have proven successful in many instances where conventional mathematical modeling techniques were not as accurate or capable. Here, the potential use of ANNs in predicting creep is examined. A new ANN model is applied to the prediction of creep of structural masonry. The ANN developed is able to predict the creep performance with an excellent level of accuracy c.
Autonomous Learning Intelligent Vehicles Engineering in a Programming Learning Application for Youth: ALIVE PLAY

The world of programming is taking a more and more important place in our lives, yet this field is a mystery for many people. Due to its appearing complexity, the majority of young students have many difficulties in learning programming and the tools for this purpose can be less attractive as they should. This paper seeks to raise this issue in learning programming applications and the lack of a transition between an easy block-based interface to a common programming language. It also proposes Autonomous Learning Intelligent Vehicles Engineering in a Programming Learning Application for Youth, called ALIVE PLAY to arouse the interest of young students by letting them interact with a physical vehicle. Additionally, it contains two distinct interfaces to suit the needs of all ages, including a new builtin programming language, named AliveScript that helps the student to make his way from block-based programming to true programming. Preliminary results demonstrate the effectiveness of ALIVE PLAY in terms of young students’ interest, curiosity and satisfaction. In fact, they would want to explore more aspects related to the vehicle, and this is why we hope that this project reaches many schools in the near future.
Silicon MOS amplifier operation in the integrate and dump mode for gigahertz band lightwave communication systems

The operation of a MOS amplifier in the integrate and dump mode is discussed. This mode of operation results in the suppression of the input load resistor noise while retaining the advantages of a large dynamic range and no equalization requirement. The technique is useful in improving the receiver sensitivity in circuit topologies such as the nonintegrating front. Several aspects of its MOS implementation are presented, along with test results. >
Low-Profile and Broadband Dielectric Resonator Antenna By Using Air Regions

A low profile dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with wide impedance bandwidth is proposed by introducing the air regions. This proposed DRA is fed by two symmetrical slots. The DRA modes can be excited and merged to broaden the impedance bandwidth by inserting air regions insider the DRA. This DRA can achieve impedance bandwidth of 45.8% covering the frequency band of 3.2-5.1GHz. At the same time, it has very low profile of about 0. 07λ0. A relatively stable gain is obtained around 6.25 dBi.
Airborne Laser Terrain Mapping for Expediting Highway Projects: Evaluation of Accuracy and Cost

A typical highway project generally takes 5 years or more from planning phase to construction stage, particularly in wooded and difficult terrain using traditional topographic terrain mapping methods. This paper presents an application of airborne laser terrain mapping technology for a 9 km (5.9 mi.) long highway project in a difficult densely wooded terrain with steep slopes and ravines. Elevation data accuracy, efficiency, and cost effectiveness were compared with the traditional aerial photogrammetry and ground based total station survey methods. The elevations of centerline and 15 different cross sections were compared with groundtruthing data from the total station survey. Using appropriate flight mission parameters, the airborne laser technology permits elevation accuracy of 0.13 m (5 in) . There are less operating constraints which adversely affect the productivity of traditional methods, such as cloud and vegetation cover, time of day, and intrusion into private properties. It is recommended to co.
Optimal Management of Active and Reactive Power of Smart Inverters of Solar Units to Prevent Over-Voltage

With emerging the new technologies for making photovoltaic cells, increasing energy demand, preventing air pollution and encouraging investors to implement solar farms, the use of photovoltaic systems to create green and modern cities is receiving great attention. Due to the output voltage level of solar units and farms, this technology should have a suitable growth for connection to distribution grids and microgrids. However, the problems of overvoltage due to the high penetration of solar sources in low load conditions or high-power generation conditions of solar units is a major challenge that must be properly investigated. Reduction of active power injected into the grid by solar units and exchange of reactive power with the grid to overcome this challenge is suggested by researchers. However, these solutions have challenges such as the loss of significant profits for the owners of solar farms due to preventing the injection of maximum power into the grid or reducing the life of inverters due to the injection of reactive power. To solve this issue, in this paper, the optimal method of active and reactive power exchange between the solar unit and the grid for different solar units is proposed and its implementation with the help of smart inverters is discussed. In the proposed method, the power factor for the solar units of each region and the power cut rate is determined to minimize the total cut-off active power and the reactive power exchanged with the grid while the voltage level is maintained below the critical value. The PSO algorithm is used to optimize the objective functions. MATLAB/Simulink is used to show the feasibility of the proposed method to solve the overvoltage issue in the smart grids.
Adaptive Array Processing for Radar Measurements of Pulse Wave Propagation

Adaptive array processing techniques are investigated for their applicability to radar measurements of multiple body positions with displacements induced by propagating pulse waves. Unlike conventional settings for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problems, body displacements arising from the pulse waves are modeled as having the same waveform with a certain time delay, which results in a signal correlation depending on the pulse wave velocity and waveform of the pulse. In measurements of pulse waves, we compare different adaptive array techniques in terms of their resolution and accuracy.