Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Relationships in the Festuca-Lolium Complex (Loliinae; Poaceae): New Insights from Chloroplast Sequences

The species within the Lolium/Festuca grass complex have dispersed and colonized large areas of temperate global grasslands both naturally and by human intervention. The species within this grass complex represent some of the most important grass species both for amenity and agricultural use worldwide. There has been renewed interest by grass breeders in producing hybrid combinations between these species and several countries now market Festulolium varieties as a combination of genes from both genera. The two genera have been differentiated by their inflorescence structure, but controversy has surrounded the taxonomic classification of the Lolium-Festuca complex species for several decades. In order to better understand the complexities within the Lolium/Festuca complex and their genetic background, the phylogeny of important examplers from the Lolium-Festuca complex were reconstructed. In total 40 taxa representing the Festuca and Lolium species with Vulpia myuros and Brachypodium distachyon as outgroups were sampled, using two noncoding intergenic spacers (trnQ-rps16, trnH-psbA) and one coding gene (rbcL). Maximum parsimony (MP), Bayesian inference (BI) analyses based on each partition and combined plastid DNA dataset, and median-jointing network analysis were employed. The outcomes strongly suggested that the subgen. Schedonorus has a close relationship to Lolium, and it is also proposed to move the sect. Leucopoa from subgen. Leucopoa to Subgen. Schedonorus and to separate sect. Breviaristatae from the subgen. Leucopoa. We found that F. californica could be a lineage of hybrid origin because of its intermediate placement between the “broad-leaved” and “fine-leaved” clade.
EVs participation in energy and reserve market considering primary and tertiary frequency regulation constraints

Frequency regulation after contingences is one of the main concerns of power system operators. Primary predefined reserve, which is deployed in order to maintain frequency deviations within allowed bands, can lead to an increase in operation cost of system, due to the need for committing more generation units. Participation of electrical vehicles in electricity market can be utilized as a means of reducing operation costs. A model to integrate EVs participation in energy and reserve market is presented. The model takes frequency regulation constraints into consideration. The results indicate that the system/market operators can utilize EVs to reduce operation cost while frequency constraints are respected.
Research of Dynamic Optimization for the Cam Design Structure of MCCB

An optimum design method, which is based on the interruption model of molded case circuit breaker (MCCB), is proposed for the cam design structure. First, it constructs a multifield coupled calculation model that enables us to simulate the interruption process of MCCB. The model carries out second development of Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems (ADAMS) and constructs a set of differential equations describing the coupling of air blast process with complex mechanical movement, electric circuit, magnetic field, and dynamic arc model. With this model, investigations on the cam design structure's lock effect during the interruption process of an actual MCCB are carried out. According to the fact that the movable conductor could not be locked under some interruption currents, an optimum design is made for its cam design structure. Simulation results show that after optimization, the cam design structure can prevent the movable conductor from returning when the short-circuit current is no less than 15 kA, and observably enhance the interruption performance of MCCB.
The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: scale development and evidence of validity and reliability

The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) has been developed to classify how children with cerebral palsy (CP) use their hands when handling objects in daily activities. The classification is designed to reflect the child's typical manual performance, not the child's maximal capacity. It classifies the collaborative use of both hands together. Validation was based on the experience within an expert group, a review of the literature, and thorough analysis of children across a spectrum of function. Discussions continued until consensus was reached, first about the constructs, then about the content of the five levels. Parents and therapists were interviewed about the content and the description of levels. Reliability was tested between pairs of therapists for 168 children (70 females, 98 males; with hemiplegia [n= 52], diplegia [n= 70], tetraplegia [n= 19], ataxia [n= 6], dyskinesia [n= 19], and unspecified CP [n= 2]) between 4 and 18 years and between 25 parents and their children's therapists. The results demonstrated that MACS has good validity and reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient between therapists was 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.96–0.98), and between parents and therapist was 0.96 (0.89‐0.98), indicating excellent agreement.
Business Intelligence According to Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis using Double Propagation

Market research is necessary to plan a game. Given game reviews, response from gamers in terms of aspect and sentiment expressions, can be extracted automatically by aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA). This paper develops business intelligence according to the result of double propagation, an ABSA method, to provide insight for game planning. Double propagation extracts pairs of aspect and sentiment expressions, and aggregates them into aspect category. For our corpus, DP gained F-Measure of 0.6239 for extracting aspect expression, F-Measure of 0.6239 for extracting sentiment expression, and F-Measure of 0.5136 for aspect aggregation. We also applied ETL (Extract Transform Load) to transform extraction result into data mart, and employ Tableau for data visualization. The aspect expression results displayed on data visualization giving the ratio information of positive and negative sentiment, which types of aspect categories game player interested in, and which types of targets needed to be concerned in designing game.
Hostility, hostile detachment, and conflict engagement in marriages: effects on child and family functioning.

This study examined the relations between patterns of marital communication, child adjustment, and family functioning. Couples with a 4- or 5-year-old child were divided into three groups (N = 126) based on observed patterns of emotional communication: Hostile couples showed a cumulative increase in negative speaker behaviors over the course of a high-conflict marital discussion; hostile-withdrawn couples showed a cumulative increase in both negative speaker and negative listener behaviors over the course of the interaction; and engaged couples showed a cumulative increase in both positive speaker and listener behaviors over the course of the interaction. The families of these three types of couples were then compared on child outcomes (i.e., peer relations, behavior problems), parenting quality, co-parenting quality, and family-level functioning. Differences in marital violence and marital satisfaction between marital couples were also examined in relation to family risk. Families in which couples were hostile-detached showed the most negative outcomes. Hostile-detached couples were more likely than hostile or conflict-engaging couples to use more power-assertive methods of discipline; to be ineffective in co-parenting their child; to have family units that were less cohesive, less playful, and more conflictual; and to have children that exhibited behavior problems. Results also indicated that marital typology still accounted for significant variance in child outcome after controlling for marital violence and marital satisfaction. Differences in the absolute degree of negative behaviors also did not account for results. Findings are discussed in terms of the detrimental impact of marital conflict on child and family functioning.
A Study of Handover Strategies for Mobile Multiaccess Ambient Networks

In a network environment where multi-radio access becomes the norm, choosing the most appropriate network interface and base station becomes essential for distributing radio resources optimally and fairly, and for allowing each node to take full advantage of its multiaccess capability. This paper discusses the issues arising when mobile nodes are equipped with three different radio access technologies and have contradicting goals to the network provider in a high density scenario. We simulated three different decision strategies aimed to resolve such contradicting goals and compared those results to the optimal solution attained from a linear programming model.
Automatic identification of genre in Web pages

Genre is a complex but intuitively understood concept. Home pages, FAQs, blogs, etc. are examples of genres currently thriving on the web. Automatically identifying web genres would help us find documents that are more relevant to our information needs. The aim of the research described in this book is to develop automatic genre classification algorithms. There are several challenges, however, that affect the modelling of these algorithms. First, genres on the web are instantiated in web pages, which can be considered documents of a new type, much more unpredictable and individualised than documents on paper. Second, the web is unstable and fluid, undergoing a fast-paced evolution, so genre identification is influenced by phenomena such as the formation of novel genres, genre hybridism, individualisation, intra-genre and inter-genre variation. Finally, the automatically extractable genre-revealing features used up to now are not adequate to define existing and novel web genres. The author argues that automatic identification of genre in web pages needs more flexible genre classification schemes. The main body of the book describes experiments that support this claim.
Measurement of hydrogen peroxide in biological samples containing high levels of ascorbic acid.

The physiological concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous humor was reported to range between 25 and 60 microM, and conditions leading to elevated levels could have important damaging effects such as cataract formation. However, the high concentration of ascorbic acid in aqueous humor, which is 20 times that of plasma, was recently shown to interfere in the dichlorophenol-indophenol assay for hydrogen peroxide. The actual concentration of hydrogen peroxide in this fluid has become a controversial issue. In the present study, we used the method of ferrous oxidation of xylenol orange (FOX1 assay) performed in a nitrogen atmosphere to accurately measure low levels of hydrogen peroxide, even in the presence of ascorbic acid at concentrations normally found in aqueous humor. Contrary to values reported in the literature, we observed that the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the rabbit aqueous humor is less than 5 microM, which is the detection limit of the method.
Adaptive Rendering based on Adaptive Order Selection

We propose a new adaptive sampling and reconstruction method based on a novel, adaptive order polynomial fitting which can preserve various high-frequency features in generated images and meanwhile mitigate the noise efficiently. Some auxiliary features have strong linear correlation with luminance intensity in the smooth regions of the image, but the relationship does not hold in the high-frequency regions. In order to handle these cases robustly, we approximate luminance intensity in the auxiliary feature space by constructing local polynomial functions with order varying adaptively. Firstly, we sample the image space uniformly. Then we decide the order of fitting with the least estimated mean squared error (MSE) for each pixel. Finally, we distribute additional ray samples to areas with higher estimated MSE if sampling budget remains. We demonstrate that our method makes significant improvement in terms of both numerical error and visual quality compared with the state-of-the-art.
The influence of rosuvastatin on liver microsomal CYP2C6 in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rat.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether rosuvastatin affects expression and activity of rat CYP2C6. This cytochrome P450 is considered to be a counterpart of human CYP2C9, which metabolizes many drugs, including diclofenac, ibuprofen or warfarin. DESIGN Male hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats were fed standard laboratory diet (STD) or high cholesterol diet (HCD: STD + 1% of cholesterol w/w + 10% of lard fat w/w) for 21 days. A third group of rats were fed high a cholesterol diet with rosuvastatin added (0.03% w/w). Expression of CYP2C6 was measured in liver samples using real-time PCR (mRNA level) and Western blotting (protein level). Formation of diclofenac metabolites (typical enzyme activity of CYP2C6) was analyzed using HPLC with UV detection. RESULTS Administration of rosuvastatin to HHTg rats resulted in significantly increased mRNA expression and enzyme activity in HCD-fed animals; changes of CYP2C6 protein were non-significant. These results suggest that CYP2C6 expression and activity are positively affected by rosuvastatin in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats after intake of HCD. CONCLUSION The results presented open the possibility that in humans, rosuvastatin may affect the metabolism of many drugs by influencing expression and activity of CYP2C6 (counterpart of human CYP2C9). Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of this statin on CYP2C9 in humans.
Changes in gait following continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion in ambulant children and young adults with cerebral palsy

Objective: To assess the effect of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion (ITB) on gait parameters of ambulant children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: The assessment before and 16 months after ITB on seven children with CP (mean age 15 years, SD 5.4) included: Ashworth scale score, range of motion (hip, knee, ankle), Gillette functional assessment questionnaire (FAQ), joint kinematics, spatiotemporal parameters and Gillette Gait Index (GGI). Results: Gillette FAQ significantly improved from 6.1 to 7.1. Mean GGI improved from 554.50 to 489.25, which was not significant although the improvement was large for three children. Parameters in the sagittal plane were significantly modified with a significant increase in step length (0.65 m to 0.74 m) and a significant increase in hip extension during stance phase (32.25° to 21.6°). These results were correlated to clinical assessments. Conclusion: ITB seems to improve sagittal gait parameters of children and young adults with CP.
Magnetic resonance imaging of transverse acoustic strain waves

We describe a phase contrast based MRI technique with high sensitivity to cyclic displacement that is capable of quantitatively imaging acoustic strain waves in tissue‐like materials. A formalism for considering gradient waveforms as basis functions to measure arbitrary cyclic motion waveforms is introduced. Experiments with tissue‐like agarose gel phantoms show that it is possible to measure small cyclic displacements at a submicron level by an appropriate choice of the applied gradient basis function and to use this capability to observe the spatial and temporal pattern of displacements caused by acoustic strain waves. The propagation characteristics of strain waves are determined by the mechanical properties of the media. It is therefore possible to use this technique to noninvasively estimate material properties such as elastic modulus.
Raman spectroscopy in one-dimensional carbon materials

Brazil has played an important role in the development and use of resonance Raman spectroscopy as a powerful characterization tool for materials science. Here we present a short history of Raman scattering research in Brazil, highlighting the important contributions to the field coming from Brazilian researchers in the past. Next we discuss recent and important contributions where Brazil has become a worldwide leader, that is on the physics of quasi-one dimensional carbon nanotubes. We conclude this article by presenting results from a very recent resonance Raman study of exciting new materials, that are strictly one-dimensional carbon chains formed by the heat treatment of very pure double-wall carbon nanotube samples.
Breed affects thermoregulation and epithelial morphology in imported and native cattle subjected to heat stress.

The objective of this study conducted in tropical Brazil was to characterize some physiological responses to heat stress in imported Bos taurus, native Bos taurus, and native Bos indicus cattle. Imported Simmental (n = 107) native Simmental (n = 99), and native Bos indicus cattle (n = 121) (42 to 80 mo of age) were evaluated. Animals were walked 7 km at 37 degrees C and 60 to 65% relative humidity during midday. Rectal temperatures and respiration rates were taken before and after the walk. A . 01-cm2 sample of cutaneous tissue from the lateral cervical region was obtained from each animal. Slices were stained with hematoxylin-eosin solution, and the epithelial strata were counted. Perimeter of the sweat glands was also calculated. Rectal temperatures before the walk were greater (P < .001) in imported Simmental (40.52 +/- .04 degrees C) than in native Simmental (38.92 +/- .04 degrees C) or Bos indicus (38.90 +/- .04 degrees C). Rectal temperatures after the walk were greater (P < .001) in native Simmental (39.87 +/- .05 degrees C) than in Bos indicus (39.46 +/- .05 degrees C). Because of the heat, imported Simmental were not capable of finishing the drive, and rectal temperatures could not be taken. Respiration rates before and after the walk were greater (P < .001) in imported Simmental (64.3 +/- .6; 95.8 +/- .8) than in native Simmental (35.0 +/- .6; 56.8 +/- .8) or Bos indicus (15.0 +/- .2; 33.2 +/- .8). Sweat gland perimeter was greater (P < .001) in Bos indicus (540.5 +/- 19.1 mm) than in native Simmental (382.0 +/- 27.6 micrograms) or imported Simmental 497.2 +/- 17.4 micrograms). Native Bos indicus were environmentally adapted, native Simmental had elevated body temperatures and respiration rates, and imported Simmental had dramatically increased body temperatures and respiration rates. Native Bos indicus cattle were environmentally adapted and differed in skin histology, sweat gland histometry, and number of epithelial strata.
Retrograde Occlusive Arteriography of Hemodialysis Access: Failure to Detect Inflow Lesions?

Once thought to be a minor player in hemodialysis (HD) access dysfunction relative to outflow stenosis, inflow stenosis has recently come to be viewed as a major cause of access failure. Indeed, recent literature has shown that up to 40% of all accesses referred for dysfunction have an inflow lesion. Imaging of the inflow segment has been traditionally performed by interventional nephrologists via retrograde occlusive arteriography (ROA). Recent advances in our understanding of ROA have cast the technique in a negative light, with the possibility of vascular complications and poor diagnostic yield coming to the fore. Using a prospectively collected, vascular access database, we identified 18 consecutive patients who received imaging of inflow lesions by ROA and direct arteriogram (DA). The mean percent luminal stenoses were found to be 59.89 ± 24 and 79.06 ± 17.8 (p = 0.009) for the ROA vs. DA groups, respectively. Using multiple regression analysis, DA was found to be associated with detecting higher degree of luminal stenosis (β = 19.17, 95% CI 6.28–32.05, p = 0.006). This small case series provides evidence on the theoretical concern that ROA does not adequately evaluate inflow lesions. We may conclude that by relying solely on ROA, interventional nephrologists may be failing to detect a subset of hemodynamically significant inflow lesions.
Normative consent and opt-out organ donation

One way of increasing the supply of organs available for transplant would be to switch to an opt-out system of donor registration. This is typically assumed to operate on the basis of presumed consent, but this faces the objection that not all of those who fail to opt out would actually consent to the use of their cadaveric organs. This paper defuses this objection, arguing that people's actual, explicit or implicit, consent to use their organs is not needed. It borrows David Estlund's notion of ‘normative consent’ from the justification of political authority and applies it to the case of organ donation. According to this idea, when it is wrong to withhold consent to something, the moral force of that lack of consent may be null and void. If it is wrong of a person to refuse to donate their cadaveric organs to others, then it may be that their actual consent is not needed. This supports an opt-out system, which provides protection for those who have genuine reasons to refuse donation, and spares the worries as to what the deceased would actually have wanted.
Detection of PrPSc in peripheral tissues of clinically affected cattle after oral challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Received 6 July 2012 Accepted 20 August 2012 Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, PO BOX 70 Ames, IA 50010, USA Department of Veterinary Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, MICRO/Molecular Biology, 1000 E. University Avenue Laramie, Wyoming, WY 82071, USA Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, K224B Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Zoological Institute, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Biotechnikum, Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
SOCRATES: a highly efficient automatic test pattern generation system

An automatic test pattern generation system, SOCRATES, is presented. SOCRATES includes several novel concepts and techniques that significantly improve and accelerate the automatic test pattern generation process for combinational and scan-based circuits. Based on the FAN algorithm, improved implication, sensitization, and multiple backtrace procedures are described. The application of these techniques leads to a considerable reduction of the number of backtrackings and an earlier recognition of conflicts and redundancies. Several experiments using a set of combinational benchmark circuits demonstrate the efficiency of SOCRATES and its cost-effectiveness, even in a workstation environment. >
Commentary on Lauder W, Mummery K & Sharkey S (2006) Social capital, age and religiosity in people who are lonely. Journal of Clinical Nursing15, 334-340.

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