Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normal mode couplings for three-and ten-microparticle systems suspended in plasma

A box tree code was used to simulate the motion of threeand tenparticle plasma crystals. The ion wake effect was included in the simulations in an effort to determine if it affected small plasma crystals in the same way that it affects large ones. It was found that the ion wake effect lead to mode couplings, and the mode couplings often lead to resonances when two coupled modes were near the same frequency. These resonances often caused instabilities in the crystal. In addition, it was often observed that when resonance occured, many modes that were not coupled to the resonating modes would vibrate at the resonant frequency. These results are very similar to the couplings and instabilities presented in [1] and [2] and the non-dispersive mode presented in [1] for large plasma crystals. In addition, the mode couplings once caused a frequency gap for two modes, the theoretical basis for which was established in [3].
The Transmission Zero at s Radius and the Minimum Phase Radius of LTI Systems

Abstract In this paper, the transmission zero at s radius and the minimum phase radius of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system are introduced. The former radius gives a measure of how “near” a LTI system is from having a transmission zero at a specified point s ∈ ℂ in the complex plane, and the latter radius measures how “near” a minimum phase system is to a nonminimum phase system. Formulas for computing both radii are presented, along with the procedures for constructing the minimum norm perturbations that achieve the respective radius. Some properties of the two radii and numerical examples are also given.
Major Qualifying Projects ( All Years ) Major Qualifying Projects March 2019 Neural Neural Network

FMRI is a modern technique employed to help diagnose internal brain injuries. Analyzing the resulting data from them is currently facilitated by medical professionals. Having these professionals involved can increase the inherent cost of this process with regards to time and monetary value. For our project we aimed to address this problem by creating a neural network that can analyze unprocessed fMRI data and identify brain injuries. The result of this was a model that could predict whether a given fMRI contained a concussion with 70% accuracy.
Tolerating Inconsistencies The Distributed Perspectives Model

A new design model is presented. Information on the design is distributed over multiple self-contained design perspectives and translation functions between design perspectives. Inconsistencies between specifications in different design perspectives introduced by human designers are temporarily tolerated in order to support creative design processes. The implementation of a design support system currently under evaluation is outlined.
Ultrastructural localization of tartrate‐resistant, purple acid phosphatase in rat osteoclasts by histochemistry and immunocytochemistry

The intracellular localization of the tartrate‐resistant purple acid phosphatase in osteoclasts of developing rat bone has been determined immunocytochemically using an antiserum to the purified bone‐derived purple acid phosphatase. The localization of the immunoreactivity was compared with the results of enzyme histochemistry using p‐nitrophenylphosphate as substrate and 10 mM tartrate. Both methods revealed the presence of the enzyme in numerous vesicles of various sizes up to 2–3 μm in diameter and in granules. There was no immunoreactivity in the Golgi apparatus, and tartrate completely inhibited the histochemical activity of this organelle. No consistent extracellular activity could be detected, nor was any reaction product observed at the ruffled border. The localization of the tartrate‐resistant purple acid phosphatase in osteoclasts is consistent with an intracellular function for this enzyme.
RELOCATION OF THE KEK SLOW-POSITRON FACILITY

The KEK slow-positron facility, aiming at the use of slow-positron beams (ranging from eV to keV) in various fields of solid-state physics, is now undergoing a relocation process to the 1.5-GeV point of the upgraded linac relevant to the KEKB project. A dedicated linac for slow-positron use is also installed utilizing the remnants of the 2.5-GeV linac reformation. We expect a slowpositron intensity of more than 108 positrons/sec with a maximum primary beam power of 1 kW.
Ischemic core and hypoperfusion volumes predict infarct size in SWIFT PRIME

Within the context of a prospective randomized trial (SWIFT PRIME), we assessed whether early imaging of stroke patients, primarily with computed tomography (CT) perfusion, can estimate the size of the irreversibly injured ischemic core and the volume of critically hypoperfused tissue. We also evaluated the accuracy of ischemic core and hypoperfusion volumes for predicting infarct volume in patients with the target mismatch profile.
Synthesis and application of CeO2/sawdust nanocomposite for removal of As(III) ions from aqueous solutions using a fixed bed column system

In this study, nanocomposite of ceria sawdust (CeO2/SD) synthesized by precipitation method was utilized for removal of As (III) ions from aqueous solutions. Study of the process was done in column system. Characterization of the nano sized adsorbent particles was carried out using XRD and SEM techniques. The effects of important parameters, such as the value of initial pH, the flow rate, the influent concentration of arsenic and bed depth were studied in the column system. The Thomas model was applied for treatment of the adsorption data at different flow rate, influent concentration and bed depth. The bed-depth/service time analysis (BDST) model was also applied at different bed depth to predict the breakthrough curves. The two models were found suitable for describing the bio sorption process of the dynamic behavior of the CeO2/SD adsorbent in column investigation. Based on Thomas model, the equilibrium adsorption reached 8.28 mg g when a As(III) polluted solution with influent concentration of As 10 mg l passed through the column with a flow rate of 2 ml min. All the results suggested the presented nanocomposite as an efficient and cost effective adsorbent for removal of As (III) ions from aqueous solutions.
Relevance of Approximated PDF Shapes for Turbulent Combustion Modelling with Variable Equivalence Ratio

The present paper is devoted to the numerical modelling of turbulent reactive flows in situations where reactants are not ideally premixed. In this case, the description of the local thermochemistry requires at least two variables. Here, we chose the mixture fraction ξ to describe the local composition of fresh mixture and the fuel mass fraction Yf to evaluate the progress of the chemical reaction. The numerical model is based on the earlier analysis made by Libby and Williams (2000) that led eventually to the LW-P model (Ribert et al. 2004). A two-scalar (Yf , ξ) Probability Density Function (PDF) made of two or four Dirac delta functions is used to evaluate the mean chemical rate. In the LW-P model, the parameters of the PDF describing the magnitudes and locations of these Dirac delta functions are determined solely from the mean and variance of the two variables. The model is applied to the calculation of a turbulent reactive flow of propane and air stabilized by a plane sudden expansion of a 2-D channel (Besson et al. 2001). The reaction zone is fed by two streams with different equivalence ratio (Fig.1). In the present work, the results obtained using either a two Dirac delta functions PDF or a four Dirac delta functions PDF are compared.
Predicting lamp spectrum effects at mesopic levels. Part 2: Preferred appearance and visual acuity

Laboratory tests were carried out to investigate lighting for pedestrians at mesopic levels under lamps of different spectral power distribution. This paper reports an evaluation of lamp spectrum effects on visual acuity, using Landolt ring charts of high and low luminance contrast, and forced choice judgements of the preferred appearance of human hands, a colour array and an illuminated space. These were carried out alongside judgements of brightness reported in a previous paper. Five types of lamp were used, including standard high pressure sodium, two metal halide and a fluorescent lamp of broader spectral distribution and a two-colour solid state device (LED). It was found that lamp spectrum affected judgements of preferred appearance, with the high pressure sodium and LED lamps being considered poor compared with the two metal halide lamps; these results correlated better with the CIE General Colour Rendering Index than other metrics of lamp spectral characteristics. It was also found that acuity was affected by lamp spectral power distribution, with the high pressure sodium (HPS) lamp enabling more Landolt rings to be correctly read than lamps of higher S/P ratio.
Collateral Damage: The Impact of Shale Gas on Mortgage Lending

We analyze mortgage lenders’ behavior with respect to shale gas risk during the period of the U.S. shale gas boom, which coincided with the U.S. housing market rise, collapse and subsequent increase in lending industry scrutiny. Shale gas operations may place affected houses into technical default such that GSE’s (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) are unable to maintain them in their portfolios. We find that lenders did indeed increase the weight they place on shale risk relative to income risk in mortgage pricing behavior after 2010. This effect is particularly evident for groundwater dependent properties, indicating that lenders view shale activities as placing the residential value of these properties at greater risk. When we quantify the willingness to pay to avoid shale risk, we find that insurers, on average, lose around $2,394.9, or 1.2% of profit earned on an average mortgage. ∗Chen, Roberts and Timmins – Department of Economics, Duke University, PO Box 90097, Durham, N.C. 27708. yanyou.chen@duke.edu, christopher.timmins@duke.edu. Vissing – Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago, Saieh Hall for Economics, 5757 S. University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. abvissing@uchicago.edu. The authors would like to thank seminar participants at the Property and Environment Research Center and the Duke Energy Fellows Lunch for their helpful comments and criticisms. All remaining errors are our own.
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS REGARDING WRONG-WAY CRASHES ON ILLINOIS FREEWAYS

In order to investigate contributing factors to wrong-way crashes on freeways based on information available in crash databases and reports, Haddon matrices, statistic tests, and simulation techniques were used to analyze fatal and injury crashes caused by wrong-way driving from 2004-2009 in Illinois. As a first step, a Haddon matrix was developed for each wrong-way crash in which different factors were identified for before, during, and after the crash. These factors include drivers’ age, drivers’ condition, crash causes, vehicle type, vehicle 16th Road Safety on Four Continents Conference Beijing, China 15-17 May 2013 maneuvers, roadway conditions, weather, and wrong-way entry points. Next, ANOVA and Tukey tests were conducted and a ranking and grouping of the factors was obtained. Furthermore, due to a limitation of ANOVA testing caused by data non-normality, a simulation technique called the bootstrapping was employed. A ranking was then made based on the frequency of each factor as well as the chance of a factor being the leading contributing factor. The analysis results indicated that being alcohol impaired, darkness, and driver’s age are the top contributing factors to wrong-way crashes.
Assessment of common routing metrics for efficient RPL-based routing in large WSNs

The IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) is based on routing metrics to build communication paths between a source and the destination node. In this regard, the selection of the routing metric determines the path cost with respect to some performance indicator. In this paper, we consider a number of common metrics derived from the lexical composition of hop-count, expected transmission count and network-layer forwarding reliability, and assess their performance against two performance indicators. The first one evaluates the energy cost indicated by the expected number of frame transmissions (including hop-byhop retransmissions over unreliable links) needed for the successful delivery of data from the source to the sink in the presence of lossy links and non-fully cooperative relays. The second performance indicator assesses the cost of the constructed paths in terms of the achieved end-to-end throughput. We use simulation to evaluate the impact of the topological distance between source and destination nodes and draw conclusions which can be used for selecting such metrics for energyand throughput-efficient RPL-based routing in large wireless sensor networks. Key-Words: Routing metric, lexical metric composition, energy cost, throughput, large WSN, simulation
Characterizing Spatial Variability of Ice Algal Chlorophyll a and Net Primary Production between Sea Ice Habitats Using Horizontal Profiling Platforms

Assessing the role of sea ice algal biomass and primary production for polar ecosystems remains challenging due to the strong spatio-temporal variability of sea ice algae. Therefore, the spatial representativeness of sea ice algal biomass and primary production sampling remains a key issue in large-scale models and climate change predictions of polar ecosystems. To address this issue, we presented two novel approaches to up-scale ice algal chl a biomass and net primary production (NPP) estimates based on profiles covering distances of 100 to 1,000 s of meters. This was accomplished by combining ice core-based methods with horizontal under-ice spectral radiation profiling conducted in the central Arctic Ocean during summer 2012. We conducted a multi-scale comparison of ice-core based ice algal chl a biomass with two profiling platforms: a remotely operated vehicle and surface and under ice trawl (SUIT). NPP estimates were compared between ice cores and remotely operated vehicle surveys. Our results showed that ice core-based estimates of ice algal chl a biomass and NPP do not representatively capture the spatial variability compared to the remotely operated vehicle-based estimates, implying considerable uncertainties for pan-Arctic estimates based on ice core observations alone. Grouping sea ice cores based on region or ice type improved the representativeness. With only a small sample size, however, a high risk of obtaining non-representative estimates remains. Sea ice algal chl a biomass estimates based on the dominant ice class alone showed a better agreement between ice core and remotely operated vehicle estimates. Grouping ice core measurements yielded no improvement in NPP estimates, highlighting the importance of accounting for the spatial variability of both the chl a biomass and bottom-ice light in order to get representative estimates. Profile-based measurements of ice algae chl a biomass identified sea ice ridges as an underappreciated component of the Arctic ecosystem because chl a biomass was significantly greater in this unique habitat. Sea ice ridges are not easily captured with ice coring methods and thus require more attention in future studies. Based on our results, we provide recommendations for designing an efficient and effective sea ice algal sampling program for the summer season.
A multicast routing protocol with controllable QoS constraints in clustering Ad Hoc networks

To satisfy the user requirements for continuous and real-time multimedia information, the concept of Quality of Service (QoS) has emerged as a main issue in mobile ad-hoc networks. QoS routing is to find a route according to the QoS requirements of the users. The provision of QoS guarantees is of utmost importance for the development of the multicast services. In this paper, we propose an efficient multicast routing protocol (MQCAP) based on clustering with QoS constraints, such as delay, bandwidth and delay jitter. The constraints are controllable to different nodes, while a node joins to the multicast tree. In the proposed MQCAP scheme, each intra cluster node only maintains its cluster's routing information, and each bridge node maintains not only its cluster information but also the summary information of other clusters. The performance measures of MQCAP are evaluated using simulation. In order to evaluate and validate the performance of MQCAP better, we simulate MQCAP and other related routing protocols using NS2.The studies show that MQCAP can maximize the lifetime of QoS multicast routing for mobile ad hoc networks.
From Costuming and Dancing Sculptures to Architecture The Corporeal and Computational in Design and Fabrication of Lightweight Mobile Structures

This paper describes a new approach to designing and fabricating costuming and dancing sculptures and the potential application of this system at the architectural scale. I present a novel design system based on the movement, form, and spatial relation of characters and dancing sculptures in the Trinidad Carnival. I also present a system that produces lightweight mobile structures from 3D printed connections, lightweight rods, and textile. Through a detailed case study, a new dancing sculpture is designed, and a full-scale lightweight mobile structure at the architectural scale is fabricated. Fabrication of the lightweight structure is achieved using Digital Crafting and Crafting Fabrication approaches to wire-bending, which includes the early development of a digital fabrication program for rod elements. This work has potential implications for costuming and dancing sculptures; architecture; computational design; and craft practices.
TABLE 1 : Behavior Change Techniques That May Appear in Activity Monitoring Systems

Copyright © 2017 American C INTRODUCTION Wearable activity monitors (also known as fitness trackers and electronic activity monitors) are popular among both consumers and researchers. These monitors range from basic pedometers to multisensor wearables that connect to complex mobile apps. Popular models of these monitors include those made by Fitbit, Misfit, and Garmin, as well as multipurpose smartwatches with monitoring functionality. Typically, monitors track and provide feedback on activity-related metrics such as steps, minutes of moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity, distance walked, and discrete bouts of specific activities. Some specialized devices and apps target athletic enthusiasts with additional functionality, such as detecting strength training exercises automatically and guiding heart rate training. Determining which type of monitor to choose is difficult, whether it is for personal use or to recommend to patients or clients. This decision must take into account empirical evidence, theory, and personal preferences. For this article, we will not provide advice regarding specific wearable activity tracking monitors because of the rapid changes occurring in the wearable industry. Instead, we will discuss the rationale for using specific types of wearables and recommendations for their implementation, which can be used by health and fitness professionals to evaluate various wearable devices (and/or apps).
Topology Optimization of Members of Dynamically Loaded Flexible Multibody Systems using Integral Type Objective Functions and Exact Gradients

1. Abstract In this work a procedure is presented to perform topology optimization of components of flexible multibody systems, which are modeled with the floating frame of reference formulation. For the topology optimization, the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method is used. In order to capture the actual loads on the flexible components in the optimization, integral type objective functions are employed and exact gradients are provided. The latter are computed by the adjoint variable method to handle the large number of design variables.
Rotorcraft Flight Control Design Using CONSOL-OPTCAD Annum Report

Let A(z) be an n x n real matrix whose elements are analytic functions of z E ]IC'_. In this paper we consider the problem on minimizing the largest real part of the eigenvalues of A(x). This problem is in general non-differentiable and non-convex. It is shown that an existing algorithm proposed by Fan [2] for solving a class of smooth constrained problems can be applied here. This algorithm enjoys the property that, if started close enough to a local minimizer x °, then it will converge to z* quadratically. To ensure numerical stability and efficiency, our derivations employ real Schur decomposition instead of eigenvalue decomposition of A(z). We also develop result on the analyticity and uniqueness of the real Schur decomposition of A(x). This result may be of interest on its own right.
An empirical delineation of the heterogeneity of chronic unexplained fatigue in women.

OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that medically unexplained chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are heterogeneous conditions, and to define the different conditions using both symptom and laboratory data. METHODS We studied 159 women from KS, USA. A total of 51 of these suffered from fatigue consistent with established criteria for CFS, 55 had chronic fatigue of insufficient symptoms/severity for a CFS diagnosis and 53 were healthy controls matched by age and body mass index (BMI) against those with CFS. We used principal components analyses to define factors that best described the variable space and to reduce the number of variables. The 38 most explanatory variables were then used in latent class analyses to define discrete subject groups. RESULTS Principal components analyses defined six discrete factors that explained 40% of the variance. Latent class analyses provided several interpretable solutions with four, five and six classes. The four-class solution was statistically most convincing, but the six-class solution was more interpretable. Class 1 defined 41 (26%) subjects with obesity and relative sleep hypnoea. Class 2 were 38 (24%) healthy subjects. Class 3 captured 24 (15%) obese relatively hypnoeic subjects, but with low heart rate variability and cortisol. Class 4 were 23 (14%) sleep-disturbed and myalgic subjects without obesity or significant depression. The two remaining classes with 22 (14%) and 11 (7%) subjects consisted of the most symptomatic and depressed, but without obesity or hypnoea. Class 5 had normal sleep indices. Class 6 was characterized by disturbed sleep, with low sleep heart rate variability, cortisol, and sex hormones. CONCLUSION Chronic medically unexplained fatigue is heterogeneous. The putative syndromes were differentiated by obesity, sleep hypnoea, depression, physiological stress response, sleep disturbance, interoception and menopausal status. If these syndromes are externally validated and replicated, they may prove useful in determining the causes, pathophysiology and treatments of CFS.