Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating LAI for Cotton Using Multisource UAV Data and a Modified Universal Model

Leaf area index(LAI) is an important indicator of crop growth and water status. With the continuous development of precision agriculture, estimating LAI using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has received extensive attention due to its low cost, high throughput and accuracy. In this study, multispectral and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors carried by a UAV were used to obtain multisource data of a cotton field. The method to accurately relate ground measured data with UAV data was built using empirical statistical regression models and machine learning algorithm models (RFR, SVR and ANN). In addition to the traditional spectral parameters, it is also feasible to estimate LAI using UAVs with LiDAR to obtain structural parameters. Machine learning models, especially the RFR model (R2 = 0.950, RMSE = 0.332), can estimate cotton LAI more accurately than empirical statistical regression models. Different plots and years of cotton datasets were used to test the model robustness and generality; although the accuracy of the machine learning model decreased overall, the estimation accuracy based on structural and multisources was still acceptable. However, selecting appropriate input parameters for different canopy opening and closing statuses can alleviate the degradation of accuracy, where input parameters select multisource parameters before canopy closure while structural parameters are selected after canopy closure. Finally, we propose a gap fraction model based on a LAImax threshold at various periods of cotton growth that can estimate cotton LAI with high accuracy, particularly when the calculation grid is 20 cm (R2 = 0.952, NRMSE = 12.6%). This method does not require much data modeling and has strong universality. It can be widely used in cotton LAI prediction in a variety of environments.
The Barriers to and Facilitators of Sustainable Organizational Change

As the contemporary environment is infused with change, organizations push for change, and the notions of failure and success associated with organizational change management interventions are linked to (perceived) barriers and facilitators. Purpose - This study aims to identify barriers and facilitators in organizational change management and investigate essential dimensions to consider to improve the successful implementation of change initiatives within organizations. As two ends of a spectrum, barriers and facilitators play a crucial role in either hindering or facilitating the progress of a change intervention. While barriers can impede organizational change success, they can also serve as facilitators. Research Design - A literature review of over forty (forty) articles was conducted to determine how and how scholars have identified the variables contributing to the success or impeding change efforts. The study was conducted using a descriptive exploratory approach to identify variables considered barriers to or facilitators of change. Findings - Based on descriptive analysis, the findings from the literature search were categorized under three (three) themes: 1/ Self; 2/ Social Support; and 3/ Organizational Support. A deeper understanding of each theme was achieved by categorizing it further into subcategories aligned with the given theme. Value - This article provides a unique perspective on why planned interventions do not always consider the identified variables and, as a result, struggle to effect organizational change. By understanding factors that have a direct impact on change and assisting leaders and employees, this article provides a pathway for success in organizational change.
Graph-Theoretical Models for Frequency Assignment Problems

In the present dissertation we investigate structural and algorithmic as pects of the frequency assignment problem in mobile telephone networks. This problem is of particular interest for the graph theory because of its close relationship to graph color ing. The frequency assignment problem includes the characteristic features of T-colori ng, list coloring, and set coloring, and belongs thereby to NP-hard combinatorial problems. The main part of this thesis is dedicated to the so-called hybrid networks, wit h some stations operating according to the static principle and other stations acc ording to the dynamic principle. We develop a graph-theoretical model and introduce two optimization criteria for the frequency assignment problem in hybrid networks. The computational complexity of evaluating these criteria is first examined for gr aphs with bounded treewidth and for complete graphs. In the further investigations we concentrate on the criterion called channel stability number, which generalizes thek-partial coloring problem. We develop efficient algorithms for some special cases of the c hannel stability number in complete graphs and study its approximability. Theoretical complexity results are used in the development of heuristic algori thms for the computation of the channel stability number in general graphs. For our test cases based on real world data, the comparison of lower and upper bounds shows that the algorithms provide results with a relative error between 1 and 6 percent . Mobile telephone networks can be in a simplified way modeled using disk graphs. In the last part of the thesis the properties of four classes of disk graphs are exam in d. We show that the chromatic number of the members of any of these classes is bounded by a linear function of the clique number. A linear relation is also shown for some subclasses of intersection graphs of rectangles. Finally, we compare disk gra phs and planar graphs and present improved algorithms for the maximum clique problem in unit disk graphs and for the vertex cover problem in intersection disk graphs.
The northern Hikurangi margin three-dimensional plate interface in New Zealand remains rough 100 km from the trench

At the northern Hikurangi margin (North Island, New Zealand), shallow slow slip events (SSEs) frequently accommodate subduction-interface plate motion from landward of the trench to <20 km depth. SSEs may be spatially related to geometrical interface heterogeneity, though kilometer-scale plate-interface roughness imaged by active-source seismic methods is only constrained offshore at <12 km depth. Onshore constraints are comparatively lacking, but we mapped the Hikurangi margin plate interface using receiver functions from data collected by a dense 22 × 10 km array of 49 broadband seismometers. The plate interface manifests as a positive-amplitude conversion (velocity increase with depth) dipping west from 10 to 17 km depth. This interface corroborates relocated earthquake hypocenters, seismic velocity models, and downdip extrapolation of depth-converted two-dimensional active-source lines. Our mapped plate interface has kilometer-amplitude roughness we interpret as oceanic volcanics or seamounts, and is 1–4 km shallower than the regional-scale plate-interface model used in geodetic inversions. Slip during SSEs may thus have different magnitudes and/or distributions than previously thought. We show interface roughness also leads to shear-strength variability, where slip may nucleate in locally weak areas and propagate across areas of low shear-strength gradient. Heterogeneous shear strength throughout the depth range of the northern Hikurangi margin may govern the nature of plate deformation, including the localization of both slow slip and hazardous earthquakes.
FRAMEWORK FOR CRISIS-RESISTANT ENGINEERING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT COURSES

This paper proposes a framework for the systematic adaptation and digitalisation of engineering product development courses in the event of a crisis. Applicants can use resources of the framework to identify crisis-related boundary conditions that impact the delivery of education and are assisted in determining the necessary level of course digitalisation to respond to the crisis. Furthermore, the framework comprehends a review of modern educational teaching objectives, as well as a table containing tools and methodologies linked to educational targets. These can be used to enhance course design to keep students independently of their learning profiles engaged in study activities and to uphold an excellent knowledge acquisition in a volatile environment. An exemplary application of the framework on a CAD course in a higher education context guides the educator through the processes. © Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education: Disrupt, Innovate, Regenerate and Transform, E and PDE 2022. All rights reserved.
Modelos predictivos de producción de resina en Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl., en Michoacán, México

Pinus pseudostrobus es una conífera ampliamente aprovechada en el estado de Michoacán para la extracción de resina; sin embargo, los métodos actuales de resinación son empíricos y sin conocimiento de la producción potencial. A partir de variables dasométricas y con el uso del método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) y modelos de efectos mixtos (MEM), se evaluó un modelo de predicción para estimar la producción de resina. A 215 árboles resineros, se les midió el diámetro normal, diámetro de copa y altura total, además se cuantificó la producción de resina por cara (2 186 caras) en un intervalo altitudinal de 2 226 a 2 785 m. Posterior a depurar la base de datos y a construir la variable combinada (d2At), se ajustó un modelo lineal de tipo logarítmico en el programa R® bajo dos enfoques estadísticos: MCO y MEM. Al incluir la covariable de altitud en los MEM como variable de agrupación, se tiene una ganancia estadística promedio de 17 % con respecto a MCO. No hubo incumplimiento de los supuestos de regresión de normalidad y homocedasticidad. Se propone un modelo con parámetros globales para estimar el rendimiento de resina promedio y tres variantes con parámetros aleatorios, en las cuales la altitud de 2 500 m presenta la mayor producción. La productividad estimada y su relación con los intervalos altitudinales puede utilizarse para el establecimiento de plantaciones forestales resineras o en la elaboración de planes de gestión forestal para la especie en la Comunidad Indígena de Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán.
The First Flight of the CREAM Silicon Charge Detector

eV. As a long durationballoon payload, the CREAM had its ﬁrst successful ﬂight in December 2004 from McMurdo Station,Antarctica. For the charge measurement of incident cosmic-ray particles entering the calorimetermodule, a layer of the SCD (Silicon Charge Detector) made of 2912 silicon pixels was built withan active area of 779 × 795 mm
Theory and Applications of Categories

The overall response of a television receiver is displayed on the face of the cathode ray tube of the receiver involved by test apparatus which requires electrical connection only to the antenna terminals of the television receiver and the mounting of a small light sensor unit onto the face of the cathode ray tube. The test apparatus generates an amplitude modulated signal having a video carrier frequency corresponding to that of a selected television channel. The amplitude modulated video carrier frequency signal includes an envelope containing synchronizing pulses for operating the sweep circuits of the television receiver in a normal manner and which clamps the automatic gain control circuits of the receiver to a desired level and a video signal to produce a given brightness reference background on the tube face which is preferably gray or black. Periodically, the main video carrier is interrupted for the generation of a constant amplitude test carrier frequency signal. This test carrier frequency signal progressively varies in frequency during successive fields, so the test carrier frequencies will scan through the entire band of frequencies for the channel involved. The points in time at which the main video carrier is periodically interrupted is controlled so that the beam trace or traces produce a rectangle of light resulting from the video signal detected from the test carrier frequency. This rectangle of light appears opposite the light sensor unit. The brightness of the rectangle of light during each field is a measure of the overall response of the radio frequency and intermediate frequency tuned circuits in the receiver at the test carrier frequency involved. The light sensor output from each field is stored and then utilized to modulate the video carrier to produce a response curve on a curve display area of the cathode ray tube.
Inhibition of Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication Upregulates Pluripotency Gene Expression in Endogenous Pluripotent Muse Cells

Gap junctions (GJ) are suggested to support stem cell differentiation. The Muse cells that are applied in clinical trials are non-tumorigenic pluripotent-like endogenous stem cells, can be collected as stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA-3+) positive cells from multiple tissues, and show triploblastic differentiation and self-renewability at a single cell level. They were reported to up-regulate pluripotency gene expression in suspension. We examined how GJ inhibition affected pluripotency gene expression in adherent cultured-Muse cells. Muse cells, mainly expressing gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1), reduced GJ intercellular communication from ~85% to 5–8% after 24 h incubation with 120 μM 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid, 400 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and 90 μM dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, as confirmed by a dye-transfer assay. Following inhibition, NANOG, OCT3/4, and SOX2 were up-regulated 2–4.5 times more; other pluripotency-related genes, such as KLF4, CBX7, and SPRY2 were elevated; lineage-specific differentiation-related genes were down-regulated in quantitative-PCR and RNA-sequencing. Connexin43-siRNA introduction also confirmed the up-regulation of NANOG, OCT3/4, and SOX2. YAP, a co-transcriptional factor in the Hippo signaling pathway that regulates pluripotency gene expression, co-localized with GJA1 (also known as Cx43) in the cell membrane and was translocated to the nucleus after GJ inhibition. Adherent culture is usually more suitable for the stable expansion of cells than is a suspension culture. GJ inhibition is suggested to be a simple method to up-regulate pluripotency in an adherent culture that involves a Cx43-YAP axis in pluripotent stem cells, such as Muse cells.
An intra-cavity device with a discharge-drived CW DF chemical laser

The performance parameters of reflecting mirrors such as absorption coefficient or thermal distortion determine the beam quality of the output laser, so the quality of mirrors is one of the most important factors affecting the capability of the whole laser system. At the present time, there was obviously insufficient in test methods for the mirrors performance. The reflection coefficient, absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient of mirrors could be measured by a lot of test methods such as cavity ring-down method, photothermal deflection method, surface thermal lens method and laser calorimetry. But these methods could not test under high power density radiation. So the test data and results could not indicate the real performance in a real laser system exactly. Testing in a real laser system would be expensive and time consuming. Therefore, the test sequence and data would not be sufficient to analyze and realize the performance of mirrors. To examine the performance of mirrors under high power density radiation, the working principle of intra-cavity was introduced in this paper. Utilizing an output mirror with a low output coupling ratio, an intra-cavity could produce high-power density laser in the resonant cavity on the basis of a relatively small scale of gain medium, and the consumption and cost were very low relatively. Based on a discharge-drived CW DF chemical laser, an intra-cavity device was established. A laser beam of 3kw/cm2 was achieved in the resonant cavity. Two pieces of 22.5 degree mirrors and two pieces of 45 degree mirrors could be tested simultaneously. Absorption coefficient and thermal distortion were measured by calorimetry and Hartmann wavefront sensor respectively. This device was simple, convenient, low-maintenance, and could work for a long time. The test results would provide support for process improvement of mirrors.
Secure Attachment to Mother and Children’s Psychological Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Pet Attachment

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the mediating role of a child’s attachment to a pet dog relative to the child’s attachment to their mother and their level of adjustment. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 136 participants who owned one or more dogs (68 children: mean age = 9.01 years; 68 parents: mean age = 41.90 years). The children were asked to respond to items about their attachment to their mother and to their pet dog. The parents were asked to respond to items about their child’s psychological adjustment. A mediation model was tested using the SPSS macro PROCESS; we hypothesized a mediating effect for a child’s attachment to their pet dog on the relationship between the child’s attachment to their mother and their psychological adjustment. The results showed that a child’s attachment to their mother both directly (c′ = –0.242, p = 0.006) and indirectly (indirect effect = 0.084, bootstrapped 95% CI = 0.003, 0.174) predicted their psychological adjustment, the indirect effect being via the child’s attachment to their pet dog. Overall, our data support that secure attachment to the mother predicts positive psychological adjustment. A more secure attachment to the mother predicts less attachment to the dog, and this may indicate that a secure attachment to the mother saturates the child’s emotional and support needs, resulting in less psychological need for the dog. In this situation, the dog does not need to compensate for deficiencies in the maternal attachment figure, resulting in less attachment of the child to the dog. Finally, our data support an association between attachment to a pet dog and psychological adjustment in middle childhood, indicating the potentially protective role of a relationship with a pet dog.
e-Cigarette Vapour Condensate Reduces Viability and Impairs Function of Human Osteoblasts, in Part, via a Nicotine Dependent Mechanism

Cigarette consumption negatively impacts bone quality and is a risk-factor for the development of multiple bone associated disorders, due to the highly vascularised structure of bone being exposed to systemic factors. However, the impact on bone to electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, which contains high doses of nicotine and other compounds including flavouring chemicals, metal particulates and carbonyls, is poorly understood. Here, we present the first evidence demonstrating the impact of e-cigarette vapour condensate (replicating changes in e-cigarette liquid chemical structure that occur upon device usage), on human primary osteoblast viability and function. 24 h exposure of osteoblasts to e-cigarette vapour condensate, generated from either second or third generation devices, significantly reduced osteoblast viability in a dose dependent manner, with condensate generated from the more powerful third generation device having greater toxicity. This effect was mediated in-part by nicotine, since exposure to nicotine-free condensate of an equal concentration had a less toxic effect. The detrimental effect of e-cigarette vapour condensate on osteoblast viability was rescued by co-treatment with the antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), indicating toxicity may also be driven by reactive species generated upon device usage. Finally, non-toxic doses of either second or third generation condensate significantly blunted osteoblast osteoprotegerin secretion after 24 h, which was sustained for up to 7 days. In summary we demonstrate that e-cigarette vapour condensate, generated from commonly used second and third generation devices, can significantly reduce osteoblast viability and impair osteoblast function, at physiologically relevant doses. These data highlight the need for further investigation to inform users of the potential risks of e-cigarette use on bone health, including, accelerating bone associated disease progression, impacting skeletal development in younger users and to advise patients following orthopaedic surgery, dental surgery, or injury to maximise bone healing.
Morphology, Crystal Size and Crystallinity Degree of Silica-Calcium Phosphate Composite (S) and Apatite Cement Formulation - In Vitro Bioactivity Test

Silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) is a porous bioactive resorbable bioactive ceramics. Incorporating apatite bone cement (AC) formulation of tetracalcium phosphate-dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and SCPC has contributed to the higher mechanical strength of a new prototype apatite cement formulation. This in-vitro experiment aims to investigate the bioactivity of AC formulation using simulated body fluid (SBF). The samples consist of two groups of AC formulations (n=4). The first group, AC with 10% SCPC and the second group AC without SCPC, was immersed in the SBF for 14 days. The samples before and after immersion were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The samples' size and degree of crystallinity were analyzed statistically using Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, and Mann-Whitney test. As a result, there was no significant difference in the crystal size and the degree of the crystallinity of both samples. The surface morphology of all samples were coated with hydroxyapatite after immersing in the SBF solution. Both AC formulations with and without SCPC have bioactivity as the bone substitute materials. Combining AC with SCPC50 is a promising method to improve the bioactivity and mechanical strength of calcium phosphate bone cement.
A kinematic integral variable approach to dynamics of beams with a periodic-like structure

In the paper a new averaged model for the dynamic response of a periodic-like straight beam with a variable cross-section is proposed. The beam under consideration is assumed to interact with Winkler's subsoil having periodic-like properties. Assumptions of the Bernoulli-Euler beam theory as well as the influence of axial forces on deflection of the beam are taken into account. The approach adapted in the paper is based on concepts of the tolerance averaging approach by Woźniak (1999). In this way it is possible to formulate the averaged equations of the structured beams, which describe the length-scale effect.