Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demotivation in L2 Classrooms: Teacher and Learner Factors.

Studies on learner demotivation has attracted the attention of second language (L2) researchers and scholars worldwide in recent years. In this paper, L2 demotivation is defined as external and internal influences which can lead to the diminishing motivation to study the target language. This paper further identifies and discusses significant influences in the form of teacherand learner-related factors that affect learner demotivation. For teacher-related influences, inappropriate teaching styles and attitudes, poor teaching quality as well as teacher demotivation have been cited by several studies as key factors of learner demotivation. Learner demotivation can also be affected by learner-related influences arising mainly from intrinsic issues such as low self-esteem or poor self-worth. Suggestions for pedagogical implications include the enhancement of teachers‘ professional development, the use of 5Ts (Teacher, Teaching Methodology, Text, Task and Test), as well as imparting students‘ coping strategies for self-regulation. Finally, we suggest that future studies on demotivation could explore less commonly applied theories and research methods and expand demotivation research to include older L2 learners.
Rating the Credit Raters

The current research identifies the rating of credit raters by evaluating how credit rating agencies are involved in rating the corporate. It determines the credibility and reliability of their scores based on various variables presenting the credit history and credit worthiness of corporate operating in global perspectives including the United States, UK and India. The paper indicates that there should be some agencies or financial bodies that oversee the processes and procedures of credit raters rating the corporate worldwide. The research explores and norms and practices of the rating of credit raters and determines how the selected variables would be helpful in determining the credibility and authenticity of the credit raters in financial markets. It highlights the implications of the opinions of these credit raters on the performance and future growth of the corporate and predicts what measures should be adopted in rating the credit worthiness of corporate operating in developing countries. This research indicates how these variables could affect the processes of credit raters and gives a direction to the policymakers and financial experts on the performance and creditworthiness of the financial opinions and ratings of the credit raters.
Japanese physical education graduate students’ learning about research skill development

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate Japanese graduate students’ research skill learning experiences in physical education teacher education at a public university. In this study, andragogy theory was utilised, which allowed the researchers to understand Japanese graduate students’ learning experiences. Five Japanese physical education master’s students (3 men and 2 women) participated in the study, which had a descriptive-qualitative design using an in-depth, semi-structured interview approach. The data sources were demographic questionnaire and face to face interviews. Interview data were analysed using a constant comparative method, and resulted in themes related to (a) strategies for physical education literature, (b) understanding the value and application of literature, and (c) learning how to replicate research studies in physical education. To better support Japanese graduate students, this study encourages physical education teacher education faculty and graduate students to learn the nature of the research projects (e.g. thesis) regarding how to develop a blueprint for the theoretical framework, research method, and presentation of results using international research sources in the graduate students’ research seminars.
A MIXED METHODS INVESTIGATION OF ATTENTION AND MINDFULNESS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS WITH A HISTORY OF NONSUICIDAL SELF-INJURY

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the deliberate and self-inflicted destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent, and is especially prevalent among young adults. NSSI serves a myriad of functions and is maintained by complex transdiagnostic processes. Attentional bias (AB)—the preferential allocation of attentional resources to environmental stimuli related to maladaptive behaviors—is one such transdiagnostic process experienced by self-injuring young adults. Effectively treating NSSI among young adults not only requires an explanation of the complex processes that inform the behavior, but also an understanding of the treatment mechanisms that create change. The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the impact of one transtherapeutic mechanism on one transdiagnostic process to further that understanding of addressing NSSI—specifically, the impact of a brief mindfulness induction on NSSI AB. This was done through a baseline analysis of NSSI AB among self-injuring young adults as evaluated by an experimental task, a repeated measures analysis of the impact of a brief mindfulness induction on NSSI AB, and a qualitative description of participants’ experiences with and perceptions of completing the experimental task and mindfulness induction.
THE INFLUENCE OF ADULT MENTORS ON MY LIFE: AN AUTOETHNOGRAPHY

There have been numerous discussions surrounding the issues African-American males face in schools today, many specifically addressing the “achievement gap” between Black and White students. Research indicates that mentoring programs can be invaluable in addressing the risks that youths face today. The study explored and utilized a reflexive investigation of the researcher’s life experiences as a mentee, and of his mentors’ motivation to support him throughout his teenager hood, his collegiate and Olympic years, and as an educator. This study is relevant because it explores the positive influence that adult mentors have on the attitudes, confidence, and school connectedness for African-American teen males. The attention to mentoring incorporated an understanding of the relationship between adult male mentors and atrisk African-American high school males. This dissertation uses autoethnography as the methodology. The study centers on two theoretical frameworks to guide this inquiry: developmental and instrumental mentoring approaches. Memory, interviews, reflective journal, and an attitude survey serve as supporting data sources. The research questions guiding this dissertation are as follows: 1. What motivated my mentors to support me in my academic, athletic, and educational journeys? 2. How have relationships with my adult mentors influenced my attitude, confidence, and sense of worth during my youth, collegiate and Olympic years, and as an educator? 3. What have I learned about how to mentor African-American male youths from my relationships with adult mentors?
Narrating behavior in secondary school: Exploring approaches to behavioral support described by mentor and resident special educators

Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to discuss how mentor and resident teachers, involved in a clinically-rich teacher preparation program, resisted dominant discourses surrounding "challenging" behavior for students with disabilities as they described more humanistic and critically constructivist approaches. Although these teachers operated within, and sometimes reinforced, deficit discourses about urban schools and special education, they also resisted the dominant ideologies. It is this language of resistance we wish to explore. Mentor and resident educators we interviewed deconstructed common understandings of behavior as something done to them by students and repositioned behavior as relational and communicative. The overall goal of the paper is to discuss how these practicing teachers took up alternative understandings of "challenging" behavior, and the humanistic and critically constructive supports and strategies they implemented in one urban secondary school.
Participant and Study Partner Reported Impact of Cognition on Functional Activities in Parkinson's Disease

Cognitive dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and associated with reduced functional abilities and increased dependence. To date, however, little is known about the relationship between performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and cognitive stages in PD, and there are conflicting reports as to whether declines in specific cognitive domains predict IADL impairment.
Self-regulated learning in research with gifted learners

ABSTRACT This special issue presents a sample of modern work on self-regulated learning (SRL) among high ability and gifted students. It includes diverse views about the construct per se, and gifted students’ and their teachers’ accounts about SRL and factors they believe moderate it. Zeidner and Stroeger (this issue) set the stage with a sketch of an extensive literature about SRL that has deep roots in North American educational philosophy and practice. The menu of work here is fundamentally well done and, in varying ways and degrees, slightly provocative. A trite observation would be these articles don’t fully represent the multiple facets and complex articulation among them comprising SRL, especially given relatively less research with participants identified as academically talented or gifted. In this situation, I would be pedantic to point out such-and-such is omitted or this-or-that is underrepresented. Rather, using admittedly using idiosyncratic standards, I select a few matters for discussion and, hopefully, constructive critique. Other commentators would likely apply different filters. Abbreviation: SRL = Self-regulated learning
Do sporting experiences predict team cohesion in youth athletes?

Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between sporting experiences and the perception of team cohesion according to sex among youth Brazilian recreational athletes. Participants were 253 youth athletes with age average of 12.97 ± 0.98 years. Athletes represented the following sports: Indoor soccer (n=20); basketball (n=62); handball (n=123) and; volleyball (n=48). The instruments used were the Youth Experience Survey for Sport (P-YES-S) and the Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire (P-YSEQ). Independent sample t-test revealed significant difference between sexes in the dimensions of Personal Skills (p=0.02) and Task Cohesion (p=0.02). The following significant correlations were found for girls: Task Cohesion with Personal Skills (r=0.48), Initiative Experiences (r=0.37); and Social Cohesion with Personal Skills (r=0.41), Cognitive Skills (r=0.43) and Initiative Experiences (r=0.32). For boys, it was found the following correlations: Task Cohesion with Personal Skills (r=0.19), Initiative Experiences (r=0.42) and Negative Experiences (r=-0.22); and Social cohesion with Personal Skills (r=0.18) and Initiative Experiences (r=0.30). Multiple regression analysis indicated that sports experiences are significant predictors of task (R2=0.21; F=17.838; p<0.01) and social cohesion (R2=0.10; F=7.440; p<0.01). It can be concluded that positive sporting experiences may predict social and task cohesion among youth athletes.
A systematic review of mental health symptoms in police officers following extreme traumatic exposures

ABSTRACT In addition to high-risk and high-stress events that police officers routinely encounter, many are also exposed to extreme traumatic exposures or disasters caused by nature (eg. Hurricanes) and human action (e.g., terrorist attacks or plane crashes). These exposures can result in a variety of adverse reactions including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acute stress disorder, major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Understanding and accurately measuring the burden of disease arising from involvement in extreme events, on policing organizations and individual police officers is critical for policy makers and those who plan and deliver services. This systematic review synthesizes existing research on large-scale disasters, in order to further our understanding of how extreme events impact the mental health of police officers. The results found variability in the reported rates of mental disorder; however, there are some clear trends. Overall, the rates of PTSD among police officers that are consistently lower than those of civilians affected by the same disaster, and are lower than other occupations. This undoubtedly speaks to the resilience and training of members of policing organizations that prepare them for this work. Studies also demonstrate that reported distress in terms of acute stress disorder, anxiety and depression, continues to rise in some groups as time-elapsed from the event lengthens; suggesting a need to ensure that mental health supports are provided at later stages after the event.
What happens after young adults’ “friending” of parents? A qualitative study about mediated family communication and privacy management in China

The existing literature on “friending” parents on mobile social media has focused on the momentary decision of accepting the “friending” requests. In addition, a major body of research on privacy management online focuses on predicting privacy protection behaviors based on samples primarily from the United States. This in-depth qualitative study employs focus groups to explore how Chinese young people interact with their parents after accepting them as friends on WeChat, a popular mobile social application in China. Many participants reported privacy turbulence due to parental interference with young adults’ expression of their own values and behaviors on WeChat, which reflects the deep conflict between the collectivistic culture (the parental generation) and the individualistic culture (young adults) in contemporary Chinese society. This study also finds that a family’s offline communication is generally parallel to its online communication on mobile social media after young people’s friending of parents.
Career Counseling Process Quality Promotes Reemployment

One-on-one career counseling has been established as the most effective type of career intervention. Prior research results have suggested that process quality determines counseling success. In this multilevel study, career counseling process quality is validated as a predictor of job seekers’ reemployment at three Swiss job centers. Supervisors’ evaluations of the process quality of mandatory counseling sessions predicted faster reemployment of the 444 counseled job seekers by 18.9 working days on average. This effect equals yearly savings of 418 million Swiss Francs CHF (US$ 422 million) in Swiss unemployment benefits. While in many countries, the counseling of the unemployed is predominantly an administrative process, the findings should encourage investments in process quality of career counseling to promote reemployment. Furthermore, the study calls for further research on the underlying factors of career counseling process quality and the respective career counselor behaviors.
Classification and its clinical significance of basilar invagination

Objective:To investigate the classification of basilar invagination so as to provide a criterion for surgery determination.Method:70 cases suffering basilar invagination determined by radiography,CT and MRI from March 2007 to March 2010 in our hospital were divided into two groups(stable group and unstable group) based on present of atlas-occipital or atlas-axis dislocation.The deformities such as occipital-atlas fusion,Chiari malformation,slippage of the axis facets,syringomyelia were recorded.Several parameters including clivus slope,distance from odontoid to Chamberlain line and distance form odontoid to foramen magnum line were measured,and the spine medulla compression and the surgical approach of each group were recorded respectively.Result:20 cases were termed as stable and 50 as unstable.Among the stable group,there were 18 Chiari deformity(90%) and 15 syringomyelia(75%);while among the unstable group,there were 2 Chiari deformity(4%),46 occipital-atalas fusion(92%),37 slippage of upper facets(74%),and 43 syringomyelia(86%). And the clivus slope angle was 168°±5° and 133°±11° for stable and unstable group respectively(P0.05);the distance from odontoid to the Chamberlain line was -4.8±4.2mm and -5.6±3.7mm for stable and unstable group respectively(P0.05);and the distance form odontoid to the foramen magnum line was 0.5±0.3mm and -6.9±2.9mm for stable and unstable group respectively(P0.05). In the stable group,2 cases complicated with ventral medulla compression,11 with dorsal and 7 cases with both underwent the posterior cranial fossa decompression;while all 50 unstable cases(44 with ventral and 6 with both ventral and dorsal medulla compressions) experienced transoral anterior release and instrumentation.Conclusion:The basilar invagination can be divided into two types based on present of atlas-occipital or atlas-axis dislocation,which is used to differentiate the anatomic and clinical characters for both groups and to determine the correspondent surgical approach.
Liminality in narratives of integration: Articulation of digital ethnicity in social media use by migrants to Sweden

Given challenging conditions in different parts of the world, it is no wonder that people undertake journeys to regions where they may feel secure, seek refuge, be able to acquire a livelihood, as well as carry on a type of living. Migration is therefore an inevitability of the contemporary world. At the same time when migrants arrive in a country that they have hitherto never been to, there is an expectation that they will integrate into the host country’s way of life, buy into shared beliefs and prevalent value systems. Therefore deconstruction of their digital narratives of migrant journeys may lead to conceptualisation of unique dimensions of an emergent online ethnicity and consequent integration. Despite a growing interest in social media use, relatively little is known about why or how migrants leverage influence on practices that would enable them to integrate into host societies. Preliminary evidence on social media use among migrants to European countries like Germany do not attest to any unalloyed blessing in aiding integration. In contrast there are pointers that indicate social media based interaction of migrants is indeed encouraging the opposite effects of isolation, and consequent ghetto-isation. Drawing upon concepts of digital anthropology, we argue that migrants’ use of social media creates a liminality that is synonymous to ambiguity and disorientation that may diminish through a composite adaptation of acculturation and ethnic identity. Evidence for the study was collected through in-depth interviews of migrants in several Swedish cities including Stockholm, Jonkoping, Malmo, and Gothenburg.
Facilitating encounter within an academic course on communication

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the potentials and limitations of group encounters in academic teacher training. The major research question is whether person-centered encounter groups should get their space within teacher education and if so, which factors need to be taken into account to maximize students’ whole-person learning through encounter. The author’s – my – finding after more than a decade’s research is that encounter groups – even when lasting a few hours only – tend to leave valuable impressions and growth-motivation on the vast majority of students. Moreover, the atmosphere in class becomes more open and direct, more genuine and more constructive. It proved helpful to introduce students to this distinct experience as this is, for most of them, an unprecedented experience in their academic life. Moreover, a student-centered course that includes encounter group phases appears to benefit from a highly flexible structure, from regular personal online reactions shared with the whole course-community, and from including work in small groups too. For the latter, students tend to appreciate the Open Case setting which is intended to support ‘case providers’ in finding their path toward tackling specific challenges that they volunteer to share in a person-centered atmosphere.
Characterising, assessing and responding to the needs of adults with intellectual disabilities and adults with mental health problems

This thesis outlines a body of research relating to the concept of need and needs-led health service responses for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). In summary, it describes the content, linkages, strengths and limitations of seven published research papers, each with a different, but related focus/question about need. The use of diagnoses in the field of mental health and ID is limited, leading some healthcare providers to adopt a more needs-based approach. Need, however, can be conceptualised in a variety of ways, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. Arguably the most objective of these are normative needs (i.e. a professional's assessment of an individual's need against a notional standard). This objectivity, combined with the limitations of diagnoses, has led some parts of the NHS to adopt normative needs assessment as the basis of a new payment system. Initially, the existing needs assessment tool was critiqued and recommendations for its improvement published. Outputs from the original tool's use (clusters of people with similar mental health needs) were also empirically confirmed to have logical relationships with the established diagnostic taxonomy. Subsequently the tool was adapted and validated for use in specialist ID healthcare settings. Analyses of data resulting from this new tool's use identified statistically robust groups/clusters of individuals with similar severities and combinations of objective needs. These clusters were clinically recognisable and differed according to key features such as severity of ID, challenging behaviours, Autism symptoms and physical health problems. Secondary analysis of these data then confirmed an existing clinical hypothesis i.e. that challenging behaviours in people with more severe ID may be viewed as behavioural manifestations of underlying mental health problems. Finally, these analyses suggested the normative needs assessment tool had utility in identifying users of community-based specialist ID services most at risk of admission to a specialist ID hospital.
Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from 167 cases of tuberculous meningitis

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with tuberculous meningitis, in order to provide an approach for earlier and correct diagnosis. Methods The clinical data of 167 patients with tuberculous meningitis hospitalized in General Hospital of PLA from Jan. 1994 to Jun. 2009 were collected. The clinical features of patients and results of laboratory tests of CSF (routine tests, biochemical tests, etc.) were analyzed, and then the characteristics of changes in CSF were evaluated. Results Out of 167 patients, CSF of 13 cases bore the typical clinical features of tuberculous meningitis, while that of the others were atypical: e.g. dramatical elevation of intracranial pressure (300mmH2O), non-purulent CSF with pleocytosis up to 2700×106/L, increased polykaryocytes in the early stage, normal or obviously high total protein level, normal glucose and chloride level, and negative laboratory examinations (such as culture-and smear-examination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, adenosine deaminase, anti-TB antibody, immuno-dot-blot assay MycoDot and PPD assay). In this series of 167 patients, 7 of them died (3.7%). Conclusions The findings in CSF examination in most patients with tuberculous meningitis may show atypical findings, therefore it should be emphasized to repeat the analysis of CSF in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.