Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Promote Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Bacterial Clearance by Human Macrophages

ABSTRACT Broad-spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are used clinically as anticancer agents, and more isoform-selective HDACi have been sought to modulate other conditions, including chronic inflammatory diseases. Mouse studies suggest that HDACi downregulate immune responses and may compromise host defense. However, their effects on human macrophage antimicrobial responses are largely unknown. Here, we show that overnight pretreatment of human macrophages with HDACi prior to challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or Escherichia coli results in significantly reduced intramacrophage bacterial loads, which likely reflect the fact that this treatment regime impairs phagocytosis. In contrast, cotreatment of human macrophages with HDACi at the time of bacterial challenge did not impair phagocytosis; instead, HDACi cotreatment actually promoted clearance of intracellular S. Typhimurium and E. coli. Mechanistically, treatment of human macrophages with HDACi at the time of bacterial infection enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation by these cells. The capacity of HDACi to promote the clearance of intracellular bacteria from human macrophages was abrogated when cells were pretreated with MitoTracker Red CMXRos, which perturbs mitochondrial function. The HDAC6-selective inhibitor tubastatin A promoted bacterial clearance from human macrophages, whereas the class I HDAC inhibitor MS-275, which inhibits HDAC1 to -3, had no effect on intracellular bacterial loads. These data are consistent with HDAC6 and/or related HDACs constraining mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production from human macrophages during bacterial challenge. Our findings suggest that, whereas long-term HDACi treatment regimes may potentially compromise host defense, selective HDAC inhibitors may have applications in treating acute bacterial infections.
On the Relationship Between Two Systolic Array Design Mehodologies

The parameter method and data dependency method have been proposed as systematic design methodologies for systolic arrays. The authors describe the relationship between the two methodologies and show that the parameter method applies to a subclass of the algorithms that can be processed by the dependency method. The optimization procedure of the parameter method can be applied, in a restricted sense, within the framework of the dependency method. This procedure is used to derive an optimal array for the deconvolution algorithm. >
A rolling robot: Design and implementation

Even though many researchers have studied spherical mobile robots, a robot with an elastic external frame can hardly be in the literature. Therefore in this study the pendulum-driven spherical mobile robot is introduced. The external frame of the robot is designed as glass fiber sticks which show good elastic characteristics. All control modules, such as a Zigbee wireless communication module and battery, are embedded into the spherical mobile robot. Atmega 2560-based embedded system is adopted as a main controller to drive the robot along desired path. This study also introduces driving and steering dynamic model of the pendulum-driven type spherical robot and performs experiments to verify the models. Based on the model, a PID controller is implemented and good mobility of the robot is verified.
Nutritional studies on Vibrio cholerae.

One hundred and fifty-eight strains of vibrio, predominantly Vibrio cholerae, were tested for their nutritional requirements. Half of the strains were able to grow on a simple inorganic medium with ammonium ions as the sole source of nitrogen; the other strains required purines in addition. The simplest purine which produced adequate growth was hypoxanthine. The purine-requiring strains were able to grow on inorganic media containing human, rabbit or goat serum, but not on the serum from mouse, rat, guinea pig or horse.
Normative and retest data on the RBANS cortical/subcortical index in older adults

Several neuropsychological disorders have been classified as having either “cortical” or “subcortical” profiles; however, little information is available about the frequency of these profiles in the normal population or their stability on retesting. Therefore, the current study calculated the cortical/subcortical profile index from the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status in a large cohort (n = 793) of older adult primary care patients. The frequency of these profiles was examined, as was their stability across 1- and 2-year periods. Cortical profiles were quite common in this sample, with 37% having 10 or more points on this index. Stability of these index scores across 1 and 2 years was moderate (r = .58–.61). Although the utility of this index needs to be investigated in clinical samples, practitioners should use caution when interpreting these types of indicator as pathognomonic for the presence of disease.
Microarray Comparative Genomic Hybridization Profile of a Murine Model for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Reveals Genomic Imbalances Resembling Human Ovarian Carcinomas

Microarray comparative genomic hybridization (mCGH) is emerging as a high-resolution technology to detect gene dosage alterations in numerous pathologies, including cancer. We optimized cDNA microarrays to identify genome-wide imbalances in spontaneously transformed mouse ovarian surface epithelial cell lines, an in vitro murine model for ovarian cancer. Amplification of chromosome 19 and a more variable gain pattern of chromosomes 15 and 5 were detected and independently validated using conventional metaphase CGH. In addition, cryptic aberrations in segments of chromosomes 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 17, and X, allowed identification of 2 related genomic variants among six cell lines studied. Mouse-human synteny revealed an overall early transformation stage with approximately 80% conservation relative to human ovarian malignancies of epithelial origin including low malignant potential tumors, serous carcinoma, and carcinoma cell lines. Importantly, three of the cells bear gained segments 13 and 41 Mbp length of chromosomes 5 and 15, respectively, which are syntenic to human 22q11–13, 8q24 and 12p11–q24, the two latter chromosomal regions thought to define one pathway of karyotypic changes in the development of human ovarian tumors. Our findings support the utility of mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cells in studying initiation and progression of human ovarian cancer and as a suitable model to evaluate therapeutic approaches.
Potent SIRT1 Enzyme-stimulating and Anti-glycation Activities of Polymethoxyflavonoids from Kaempferia parviflora

The SIRT1 enzyme-stimulating and anti-glycation activities of Kaempferia parviflora extract and its main polymethoxyflavonoids were evaluated in vitro. K. parviflora extract elevated SIRT1 catalytic activity by eight- and 17-fold at 20 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively, compared with vehicle only. Two major polymethoxyflavonoids, 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone (4) and 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (5), were isolated from this extract and are four- and fivefold more potent than resveratrol, hitherto the strongest known natural SIRT1 activator. In addition, the anti-glycation activity of K. parviflora extract was observed to be seven times more effective than aminoguanidine, a clinical anti-diabetes drug. 3,5,7,3′,4′-Pentamethoxyflavone (4) and 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (5) showed the strongest anti-glycation activity among the tested polymethoxyflavonoids. Further comparison of the activity of these structurally related polymethoxyflavonoids revealed a possible structure-activity relationship, in particular, for the contribution of methoxy moieties.
Selective phospholipase C activation

Phospholipase C is a family of cellular proteins believed to play a significant role in the intracellular signaling mechanisms utilized by diverse hormones. One class of hormones, polypeptide growth factors, elicits its influence on cellular function through stimulation of cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Certain growth factors appear to stimulate cellular phospholipase C activity by selective, receptor‐mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of the phospholipase C‐γ1 isozyme. While the role of phospholipase C activity in growth factor regulation of cell proliferation remains to be clarified, the selective growth factor‐stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C‐γ1 is an interesting example of enzyme–substrate interaction at the crossroads of two important intracellular signaling pathways.
Label-Free Biosensor Arrays Based on Silicon Ring Resonators and High-Speed Optical Scanning Instrumentation

A platform for performing rapid, real-time binding assays on sensor arrays based on silicon ring resonators is presented in this paper. An array of 32 sensors is interrogated simultaneously. Using eight sensors as controls, 24 simultaneous binding curves are produced. The bulk refractive index sensitivity of the system was demonstrated down to 7.6 × 10-7 and sensor-to-sensor variability is 3.9%. Using an 8-min incubation, real-time binding was observed over 8-logs of concentration down to 60 fM using immobilized biotin to capture streptavidin diluted in bovine serum albumin solution. Multiplexing in complex media is demonstrated with two DNA oligonucleotide probes. Time to result and repeatability are demonstrated to be adequate for clinical applications.
First HIV ‘window period’ donation in a UK blood donor

Dear Sir There is a well-recognized window period (of 23 days) between acquisition of HIV infection and the development of detectable HIV antibody. For most of this window period, HIV RNA may be detectable in the blood. Routine screening of blood donors for HIV RNA on pooled samples (96 samples per pool) was introduced in Scotland and Northern Ireland in January 2003 (Delwart et al., 2004). We report the first HIV RNA-positive, HIV antibody-negative UK blood donor to be detected before transfusion. The donor was a 46-year-old man and a regular platelet donor. There was a 6-week interval between the index donation and the most recent donation (MRD). He was recalled for counselling and testing, which was performed 2 weeks following the index donation. The laboratory results have been presented in Table 1. The index donation was HIV antibodynegative but HIV RNA-positive on mini pool testing, which was confirmed on a non-pooled (undiluted) sample. This sample was negative for p24 antigen in Innogenetics test. Tests on an archive sample from the MRD was thawed and found to be negative for all HIV markers. The sample taken 2 weeks post-donation was confirmed to be positive for HIV 1 antibody as well as for HIV RNA. During interview, the donor admitted to risk exposure on two occasions between the index donation and the MRD with two episodes of male homosexual intercourse without using a protective. The exposure was between 1 and 3 weeks before the index donation. The donor was referred for appropriate treatment and assessment to the local genito urinary medicine clinic. Although the MRD sample was negative for HIV markers, this donation will be the subject of HIV lookback, with recipients identified and recalled for testing. The donor admitted that he made a false declaration and indicated that he did not consider the risk sufficiently serious to be relevant. He considered it to be more difficult on a plateletpheresis session to withdraw from donating for reasons of embarrassment, because he was a regular donor and well known to the staff. The checks in place for repeat regular donors failed in this case, because the donor made a false declaration. HIV RNA testing on mini pools was effective in preventing the release of this donation and this case report will contribute to the ongoing debate about the appropriateness of such testing and other possible strategies for further reducing potential HIV window period
Can cross‐talk occur in human myelinated nerve fibers?

Introduction: The possibility that impulse cross‐talk can occur between myelinated human nerve fibers was explored. Methods: Instances of impulse conduction without decrement were found, and published recordings of compound action potentials of functionally homogeneous fibers were scrutinized. Results: Both analytical approaches yielded results consistent with cross‐talk occurring in some nerves after electrical stimulation. Conclusions: The possible ionic current paths in and out of neighboring fibers, which could be responsible for the phenomenon, have been considered in the light of seminal work on unmyelinated single axons. Muscle Nerve 54: 361–365, 2016
DNA Damage Control by Novel DNA Polymerases: Translesion Replication and Mutagenesis*

DNA is constantly subjected to injuries inflicted by external agents such as UV light or cigarette smoke, by intracellular by-products of metabolism such as reactive oxygen species, or by spontaneous decay. DNA lesions interfere with replication and with transcription and if left in DNA can cause mutation, malfunc- tion, and cell death. These deleterious effects are usually prevented by DNA repair mechanisms, which remove the damaged nucleotide and restore the original DNA sequence (for review, see Ref. 1). However, the repair mechanisms are not fully efficient, and some lesions persist in the DNA. The attempt to replicate such unrepaired lesions usually leads to an interruption of replication and to the formation of a ssDNA 1 region carrying the damaged nucleotide, a gap-lesion structure. Filling in of gap-lesion structures can be done by one of two known mechanisms: recombinational repair and translesion repli- cation. Recombinational repair consists of patching the gap with a DNA segment that was cut out from the undamaged strand in the fully replicated sister chromatid (2, 3). This converts the damaged region into the dsDNA form, enabling a second attempt of error- free repair. Alternatively, the gap may be filled in by DNA synthesis, a process that is inherently mutagenic because of the miscoding nature of most damaged nucleotides. This pathway was, therefore, termed translesion replication (TLR 2 ), translesion synthesis, error- prone repair, mutagenic repair, bypass synthesis, or lesion bypass (4–6). A third mechanism that may exist was termed copy choice replication, but only little is known about it (7–9). In the last 2 years a major breakthrough has occurred with the discovery that TLR is carried out by specialized DNA polymerases that belong to a novel superfamily. These DNA polymerases, which were found in a number of organisms ranging from Escherichia
Influence of Strength Training Background on Postactivation Potentiation Response

Batista, MAB, Roschel, H, Barroso, R, Ugrinowitsch, C, and Tricoli, V. Influence of strength training background on postactivation potentiation response. J Strength Cond Res 25(9): 2496-2502, 2011—The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the subjects' level of maximal dynamic strength and training background on postactivation potentiation (PAP). A group of 23 subjects, composed of power track-and-field athletes (PT = 8), bodybuilders (BB = 7), and physically active subjects (PA = 8), participated in the study. Maximal dynamic strength (1 repetition maximum test) was assessed in the leg press exercise for subjects' characterization. Their countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) performance was assessed before and after 2 different conditioning activity (CA) protocols (1 or 3 maximum voluntary isometric contractions [MVICs] of 5-second duration in the leg press exercise) or after control (no CA), performed on separate days. No significant differences among groups were found for CMJ height or take-off velocity after any of the CA protocols (p ≤ 0.05). However, individual analysis showed that some subjects increased performance in response to the CA, despite their previous training history. We concluded that subjects' level of maximal dynamic strength and training background have no influence on PAP manifestation. Our data suggest that coaches should individually identify the athletes that are PAP responders before introducing MVICs as part of their warm-up routines.
Sub-10 nm-scale capacitors and tunnel junctions measurements by SMM coupled to RF interferometry

We have developed an adjustable Interferometer combined to a Scanning Microwave Microscopy (ISMM) to characterize the impedance of thousands of nanocapacitors. The adjustable interferometer allows the choice of the interference frequency within ± 50 MHz as well as the choice of the impedance range where the interference occurs. Calibration is investigated using metal-insulating-semiconductor capacitances. The ISMM allows quantitative characterization of tiny capacitors with size reaching sub-10 nm and capacitance value around the aF with a limit of resolution of about 0.5 aF at 7.8 GHz. A water meniscus parasitic capacitance is introduced to explain the discrepancy between measured and theoretical values over the 5 to 100-nm nanodot diameter range. The ISMM allows also measuring tunnel junctions made with very thin Al2O3 dielectric layers.
Extending the Mannose 6-Phosphate Glycoproteome by High Resolution/Accuracy Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Control and Acid Phosphatase 5-Deficient Mice*

In mammals, most newly synthesized lumenal lysosomal proteins are delivered to the lysosome by the mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) targeting pathway. Man6P -containing proteins can be affinity-purified and characterized using proteomic approaches, and such studies have led to the discovery of new lysosomal proteins and associated human disease genes. One limitation to this approach is that in most cell types the Man6P modification is rapidly removed by acid phosphatase 5 (ACP5) after proteins are targeted to the lysosome, and thus, some lysosomal proteins may escape detection. In this study, we have extended the analysis of the lysosomal proteome using high resolution/accuracy mass spectrometry to identify and quantify proteins in a combined analysis of control and ACP5-deficient mice. To identify Man6P glycoproteins with limited tissue distribution, we analyzed multiple tissues and used statistical approaches to identify proteins that are purified with high specificity. In addition to 68 known Man6P glycoproteins, 165 other murine proteins were identified that may contain Man6P and may thus represent novel lysosomal residents. For four of these lysosomal candidates, (lactoperoxidase, phospholipase D family member 3, ribonuclease 6, and serum amyloid P component), we demonstrate lysosomal residence based on the colocalization of fluorescent fusion proteins with a lysosomal marker.
Analysis of SAR and Current Density in Human Tissue Surrounding an Energy Transmitting Coil for a Wireless Capsule Endoscope

This paper reports on a prototype energy transmission system for a wireless capsule endoscope and the electromagnetic effects that influence its use in biological tissues. Specific absorption rate (SAR) and current density were analyzed by an electromagnetic simulator in a model consisting of a primary coil and a human trunk that included eighteen different organs. SAR and current density as a function of frequency were analyzed. The SAR was maximized at muscle and fat, and was below the basic restrictions of the International Commission on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). At the same time, the results for current density were maximized at muscle and intestine, and were below the ICNIRP basic restrictions, indicating that it was possible to safely transmit energy up to 30 mW at the frequency of 300-600 kHz.
Exercise programming and counseling preferences of breast cancer survivors during or after radiation therapy.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To explore exercise programming and counseling preferences and exercise-related beliefs in breast cancer survivors during and after radiation therapy, and to compare differences based on treatment and insurance status. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Ambulatory cancer center in a rural community in eastern North Carolina. SAMPLE 91 breast cancer survivors during or after radiation therapy. METHODS The researchers administered the questionnaire to participants. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Exercise programming and counseling preferences and exercise beliefs moderated by treatment status (on-treatment, early, and late survivors) and insurance status (Medicaid, non-Medicaid). FINDINGS Chi-square analyses indicated that fewer Medicaid users were physically active and reported health benefits as an advantage of exercise compared to non-Medicaid users (p < 0.05). In addition, more Medicaid users preferred exercise programming at their cancer center compared to non-Medicaid users (p < 0.05). More on-treatment and early survivors listed health benefits as advantages to exercise, but fewer indicated weight control as an advantage compared to late survivors (p < 0.05). Early survivors were more likely than on-treatment survivors to indicate that accessible facilities would make exercising easier for them (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Medicaid users are less active, less likely to identify health benefits as an advantage for exercising, and more likely to prefer cancer center-based exercise programming compared to non-Medicaid users. In addition, on-treatment and early survivors are more likely to list health benefits and less likely to indicate weight control as advantages of exercising compared to late survivors. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The low activity levels of Medicaid users may be best targeted by providing cancer center-based exercise programming. Exercise interventions may be most effective if tailored to the unique needs of treatment status.
A Russian Keyword Spotting System Based on Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition and Linguistic Knowledge

The paper describes the key concepts of a word spotting system for Russian based on large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. Key algorithms and system settings are described, including the pronunciation variation algorithm, and the experimental results on the real-life telecom data are provided. The description of system architecture and the user interface is provided. The system is based on CMU Sphinx open-source speech recognition platform and on the linguistic models and algorithms developed by Speech Drive LLC. The effective combination of baseline statistic methods, real-world training data, and the intensive use of linguistic knowledge led to a quality result applicable to industrial use.