Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant Use Partially Mediates the Association Between Depression and Risk of Falls and Fall Injuries Among Older Adults.

BACKGROUND The association between depression and fall risk in older adults is recognized, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. This study estimated the mediating role of antidepressant use in the association between depression and falls and fall injuries. METHODS Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2004-2006) were linked with medication data from the Prescription Drug Study (PDS; 2005). The sample included community-dwelling adults age ≥ 65 with data on depression and medication use (n=3,565). Depression was measured using two independent survey tools: Composite International Diagnostic Interview for depression short form and an 8-item version of the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. We used causal mediation analysis to estimate and compare the direct and indirect (mediated by antidepressant use) effects of depression on falls and fall injuries. RESULTS Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) were significantly more likely to experience a fall (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.41, 2.62) and a fall injury (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.55) over two years. Indirect effect estimates showed that antidepressant medication use accounted for approximately 19% and 18% of the association between MDD and falls and fall injuries, respectively. Results were similar when using an alternative depression measure and when considering only selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. CONCLUSION Antidepressant use explains a significant proportion, but not a majority, of the association between depression and greater fall risk. Treatment benefits of antidepressants should be considered with, and may outweigh, concerns about increased risk of falls associated with antidepressant use.
Using krabok (Irvingia malayana) seed oil and Flemingia macrophylla leaf meal as a rumen enhancer in an in vitro gas production system

An in vitro gas production system was conducted to investigate the effect of krabok (Irvingia malayana) seed oil (KSO) and Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) leaf powder (FLM) supplementation on gas production kinetics, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and methane production with different ratios of rice straw to cassava chip (RS : CC). The treatments were arranged according to a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design using four different ratios of RS : CC (100 : 0; 60 : 40; 20 : 80; and 0 : 100), two levels of KSO supplement (0% and 2.5% of total dietary substrate) and two levels of FLM supplement (0% and 2.5% of total dietary substrate). The gas production kinetics were affected by RS : CC, KSO and FLM supplementation (P < 0.05). However, there was no interaction between RS : CC*FLM, FLM*KSO, or RS : CC*FLM*KSO; with the exception of RS : CC*KSO (P < 0.05). Cumulative gas at 96 h post incubation was increased with increasing RS : CC especially at 0 : 100. However, KSO supplementation suppressed gas production whereas FLM could enhance gas production from feed fraction (P < 0.05). Increasing RS : CC ratio resulted in increasing total VFA, propionic acid and butyric acid whereas acetic acid concentration was reduced; therefore, ratio of acetic acid : propionic acid was reduced. However, KSO supplementation depressed VFA production whereas the FLM supplement had no effect. The methane production was reduced with increasing level of RS : CC especially with supplementation of KSO. Based on this study, it is concluded that KSO addition could reduce methane production whereas FLM could enhance the gas production and fermentation end products; hence, the combined use is potentially beneficial. However, further research under in vivo conditions should be conducted.
HbF Levels in Sickle Cell Disease Are Associated with Proportion of Circulating Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and CC-Chemokines

The concentration of circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells has not been studied longitudinally. Here, we report that the proportions of Lin-CD34+38- hematopoietic multipotent cells (HMCs) and of Lin-CD34+CD38+ hematopoietic progenitors cells (HPCs) are highly variable between individuals but stable over long periods of time, in both healthy individuals and sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. This suggests that these proportions are regulated by genetic polymorphisms or by epigenetic mechanisms. We also report that in SCD patients treated with hydroxyurea, the proportions of circulating HMCs and HPCs show a strong positive and negative correlation with fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels, respectively. Titration of 65 cytokines revealed that the plasma concentration of chemokines CCL2, CCL11, CCL17, CCL24, CCL27, and PDGF-BB were highly correlated with the proportion of HMCs and HPCs and that a subset of these cytokines were also correlated with HbF levels. A linear model based on four of these chemokines could explain 80% of the variability in the proportion of circulating HMCs between individuals. The proportion of circulating HMCs and HPCs and the concentration of these chemokines might therefore become useful biomarkers for HbF response to HU in SCD patients. Such markers might become increasingly clinically relevant, as alternative treatment modalities for SCD are becoming available.
Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) fusions and their role in cancer

Roberto Ruiz-Cordero is an assistant professor of pathology and a John A. Watson faculty scholar at the University of California, San Francisco. He completed residency in anatomic and clinical pathology at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami followed by fellowships in cytopathology, molecular genetics pathology, and hematopathology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. His research interests focus on molecular cytopathology and global cancer, where he focuses on developing novel molecular workflows to improve cancer diagnostics in resource-constrained settings to address health care disparities.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intranasal Neuropeptide Y in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract Background Since about one-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond adequately to available antidepressants, there is a need for treatments based on novel mechanisms of action. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a normal brain constituent, is reduced in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MDD and post-traumatic stress disorder and in corresponding rodent models. Moreover, NPY administered centrally or intranasally rescues pathophysiology in these models. Consequently, we conducted the first, to our knowledge, controlled trial of NPY as a treatment for MDD. Methods Thirty MDD patients on a stable dose of a conventional antidepressant insufflated 6.8 mg NPY (n = 12) or placebo (n = 18) in a double blind randomized fashion. Effects were assessed at baseline, +1 hour, +5 hours, +24 hours, and +48 hours. The primary outcome was change in depression severity measured with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results NPY was superior to placebo at +24 hours (change −10.3 [95% CI: −13.8; −6.8]) vs −5.6 (95% CI: −8.4; −2.7); group*time F = 3.26, DF = (1,28), P = . 04; Cohen’s d = 0.67). At +5 hours MADRS decreased −7.1 ([95% CI: −10.0; −4.2] vs −3.5 [95% CI: −5.8; −1.2]; group*time F = 2.69, DF = (1,28), P = . 05; Cohen’s d = 0.61). MADRS reduction at +48 hours was not significant. Conclusions Since no results regarding the trajectory of NPY effects existed prior to this study we extrapolated from the known NPY biology and predicted the effects will occur 5–48 hours post insufflation. We chose +48 hours as the primary endpoint and +1, +5, and +24 hours as secondary endpoints. The results, the first of their kind, indicate that insufflated NPY is antidepressant, despite not meeting the primary outcome, and call for dose ranging and repeated NPY insufflation trials. Clinical Trial Registration EudraCT Number: 2014-000129-19.
The European Portuguese version of the insomnia severity index

Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep complaint, but remains largely an unidentified public health issue. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) is a brief self‐report questionnaire to assess insomnia, long‐established both in clinical and research settings. The present study aimed to analyse the reliability, validity, and accuracy of the ISI European Portuguese version. After the translation protocol, 1,274 participants (65.54% female), with a mean (SD, range) age of 37.52 (16.82, 18–95) years, completed the ISI. This sample included 250 patients with insomnia from a Sleep Medicine Centre, presenting a diagnosis of insomnia disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition), and 1,024 individuals from the community. A group of 30 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was also recruited. Cronbach’s α was 0.88 (internal consistency), and corrected item‐total correlations ranged from 0.56 to 0.83. An exploratory factor analysis (oblique rotation) revealed a two‐factor solution for both clinical and community samples. The ISI total score significantly differentiated insomnia disorder, no insomnia, and OSA subgroups with a large effect size (η 2 = 0.42). The correlation between ISI and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index supported concurrent validity (0.82), and discriminant validity was confirmed by a moderate correlation between ISI and Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (0.32). The area under the curve was 0.88, and the optimal cut‐off to detect clinical insomnia was 14 (82.1% sensitivity, 79.5% specificity). In conclusion, the Portuguese version of the ISI is a reliable and valid measure of insomnia in clinical and non‐clinical populations. Our present study also contributes to relevant data for the international literature regarding the cut‐off score of the scale for the detection of clinical insomnia.
Evaluating Stable and Situational Expressions of Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder: A Multimethod Experience Sampling Case Study

Abstract Passive-aggressive (PA) personality traits have received increasing attention in the research literature and are known to interfere with treatment engagement and recovery. Theoretical disagreements about PA, combined with its omission from the DSM-5, have left open many questions regarding its dynamic structure and temporal stability. Our goal in the present case study was to use a multimethod, experience sampling assessment framework for a single research subject enrolled in long-term residential treatment who exhibited significant PA traits to provide a complex portrait of daily interpersonal behaviors and experiences across a range of contexts. We review data gathered over a year of residential treatment to identify changes in self and interpersonal functioning and to deepen our understanding of the dynamic motivational structure of PA over time. Our findings expand understanding of both PA dynamics and provide support for integrating multimethod assessment into routine clinical practice.
MODELLING DIURNAL TRENDS OF LEAF WATER POTENTIAL IN TRANSPIRING WHEAT

SUMMARY (1) Measurements were made of the diurnal changes in the leaf water potential (*L) of flag leaves of winter-sown and spring-sown wheat in three different years, and on crops grown with different water stresses. Parallel measurements were also made of leaf conductance to water vapour and of the environmental variables necessary to calculate transpiration rate from the flag leaf. (2) A range of models were fitted to the diurnal trends in evaporation, using cubic spline approximations, in an attempt to interpret the changes in water potential and to develop a simple model for predicting leaf water potential. (3) An Ohm's Law analogue, with a constant resistance to flow through the soil-plant pathway, explained more than 50% of the variation in leaf water potential. This model, however, was always inferior to models which incorporated a variable resistance (decreasing asymptotically with increasing flux) and/or a capacitance to simulate the hysteresis in the relationship between water potential and evaporation rate. The more sophisticated models usually accounted for more than 90% of the variation in hourly means of leaf water potential. (4) The validity of this type of model, which considers only flow through the flag leaf, and the interpretation of the estimated parameters is discussed.
Physicochemical Characterization of Bilayer Hybrid Nanocellulose-Collagen as a Potential Wound Dressing

The eminent aim for advance wound management is to provide a great impact on the quality of life. Therefore, an excellent strategy for an ideal wound dressing is being developed that eliminates certain drawbacks while promoting tissue regeneration for the prevention of bacterial invasion. The aim of this study is to develop a bilayer hybrid biomatrix of natural origin for wound dressing. The bilayer hybrid bioscaffold was fabricated by the combination of ovine tendon collagen type I and palm tree-based nanocellulose. The fabricated biomatrix was then post-cross-linked with 0.1% (w/v) genipin (GNP). The physical characteristics were evaluated based on the microstructure, pore size, porosity, and water uptake capacity followed by degradation behaviour and mechanical strength. Chemical analysis was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated a uniform interconnected porous structure with optimal pore size ranging between 90 and 140 μm, acceptable porosity (>70%), and highwater uptake capacity (>1500%). The biodegradation rate of the fabricated biomatrix was extended to 22 days. Further analysis with EDX identified the main elements of the bioscaffold, which contains carbon (C) 50.28%, nitrogen (N) 18.78%, and oxygen (O) 30.94% based on the atomic percentage. FTIR reported the functional groups of collagen type I (amide A: 3302 cm−1, amide B: 2926 cm−1, amide I: 1631 cm−1, amide II: 1547 cm−1, and amide III: 1237 cm−1) and nanocellulose (pyranose ring), thus confirming the presence of collagen and nanocellulose in the bilayer hybrid scaffold. The XRD demonstrated a smooth wavy wavelength that is consistent with the amorphous material and less crystallinity. The combination of nanocellulose with collagen demonstrated a positive effect with an increase of Young’s modulus. In conclusion, the fabricated bilayer hybrid bioscaffold demonstrated optimum physicochemical and mechanical properties that are suitable for skin wound dressing.
Temporal Changes in Patient-Matched Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates from Infections: towards Defining a ‘True’ Persistent Infection

Staphylococcus epidermidis is found naturally on the skin but is a common cause of persistent orthopaedic device-related infections (ODRIs). This study used a pan-genome and gene-by-gene approach to analyse the clonality of whole genome sequences (WGS) of 115 S. epidermidis isolates from 55 patients with persistent ODRIs. Analysis of the 522 gene core genome revealed that the isolates clustered into three clades, and MLST analysis showed that 83% of the isolates belonged to clonal complex 2 (CC2). Analysis also found 13 isolate pairs had different MLST types and less than 70% similarity within the genes; hence, these were defined as re-infection by a different S. epidermidis strain. Comparison of allelic diversity in the remaining 102 isolates (49 patients) revealed that 6 patients had microevolved infections (>7 allele differences), and only 37 patients (77 isolates) had a ‘true’ persistent infection. Analysis of the core genomes of isolate pairs from 37 patients found 110/841 genes had variations; mainly in metabolism associated genes. The accessory genome consisted of 2936 genes; with an average size of 1515 genes. To conclude, this study demonstrates the advantage of using WGS for identifying the accuracy of a persistent infection diagnosis. Hence, persistent infections can be defined as ‘true’ persistent infections if the core genome of paired isolates has ≤7 allele differences; microevolved persistent infection if the paired isolates have >7 allele differences but same MLST type; and polyclonal if they are the same species but a different MLST type.
Healed Edentulous Sites: Suitability for Dental Implant Placement, Need for Secondary Procedures, and Contemporary Implant Designs.

PURPOSE The purpose of this retrospective computed tomography study was to evaluate bone availability for dental implant placement, frequency of bone augmentation procedures, frequency of anatomical structures that compromise implant placement, and frequency of implant dimensions, and to determine which edentulous sites would benefit from the use of a sloped implant versus a traditional flat design. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recorded parameters included the width of the ridge, the buccal and lingual/palatal alveolar bone height in reference to different anatomical landmarks, determination of implant placement, selection of an implant with a flat or sloped top, and need for a secondary bone augmentation procedure. RESULTS One thousand three hundred seventy edentulous sites were evaluated in 216 patients. Implants could be placed in 60.6% of the total sites, where the coronal portion would be sloped in 59% of sites and conventionally flat in 41%; 39.4% of sites were not adequate for implant placement, where 56.5% needed additional guided bone regeneration procedures and 43.5% required sinus augmentation procedures. The inferior alveolar canal was the most frequent anatomical structure limiting size and/or placement. CONCLUSION The study indicates that implants can be placed in slightly over half of edentulous sites without a secondary grafting procedure. The possibility of dental implant placement varied according to the volume and morphology of alveolar bone and related anatomical structures. This decreased from anterior to posterior in both arches. The sloped implant design was beneficial. In addition, the sloped implant design resulted in the placement of a longer implant.
In Vitro Activity of Carbosilane Cationic Dendritic Molecules on Prevention and Treatment of Candida Albicans Biofilms

Candida spp. are one of the most common fungal pathogens. Biofilms formed by Candida albicans offer resistance mechanisms against most antifungal agents. Therefore, development of new molecules effective against these microorganisms, alone or in combination with antifungal drugs, is extremely necessary. In the present work, we carried out a screening process of different cationic carbosilane dendritic molecules against C. albicans. In vitro activity against biofilm formation and biofilms was tested in both Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo (CECT) 1002 and clinical C. albicans strains. Cytotoxicity was studied in human cell lines, and biofilm alterations were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Antifungal activity of the carbosilane dendritic molecules was assessed by monitoring cell viability using both established and novel cell viability assays. One out of 14 dendritic molecules tested, named BDSQ024, showed the highest activity with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) for biofilm formation and a minimum biofilm damaging concentration (MBDC) for existing biofilm of 16–32 and 16 mg/L, respectively. Synergy with amphotericin (AmB) and caspofungin (CSF) at non-cytotoxic concentrations was found. Therefore, dendritic compounds are exciting new antifungals effective at preventing Candida biofilm formation and represent a potential novel therapeutic agent for treatment of C. albicans infection in combination with existing clinical antifungals.
Pembrolizumab followed by AVD in untreated early unfavorable and advanced stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

Pembrolizumab, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death-1 protein, has demonstrated efficacy in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). To assess the complete metabolic response (CMR) rate and safety of pembrolizumab monotherapy in newly diagnosed cHL, we conducted a multicenter, single-arm, phase II investigator-initiated trial of sequential pembrolizumab and doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD) chemotherapy. Patients > 18 years of age with untreated early unfavorable or advanced stage disease were eligible for treatment. Thirty patients with either early unfavorable (n=12) or advanced (n=18) stage cHL were treated with 3 cycles of pembrolizumab monotherapy followed by AVD for 4-6 cycles depending on stage and bulk. Twelve had either large mediastinal masses and/or bulky disease (>10 cm). Following pembrolizumab monotherapy, 11 patients (37%) demonstrated CMR's, and an additional 7 of 28 (25%) patients with quantifiable positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanning (PET-CT) had >90% reductions in metabolic tumor volume. All patients achieved CMR following 2 cycles of AVD and maintained their responses at end of treatment. With a median follow-up of 22.5 months (range: 14.2-30.6) there have been no changes in therapy, progressions, or deaths. No patients received consolidation radiotherapy, including those with bulky disease. Therapy was well-tolerated. The most common immune-related adverse events were grade 1 rash (n=6), and grade 2 infusion reactions (n=4). One patient had a reversible grade 4 transaminitis and a second had a reversible Bell's palsy. Brief pembrolizumab monotherapy followed by AVD proved both highly effective and safe in newly diagnosed cHL patients including those with bulky disease. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT03226249.
Enzymatic maceration/air-drying method for chromosome observations in the young leaf of pear (Pyrus spp.)

A chromosome preparation method using young leaves of pear (Pyrus spp.) was developed. Young leaves, 1-2 cm long, of grafted Japanese pear ‘Kosui’ (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) were used as materials. The leaves were cut into approximately 2 mm2 for enzymatic maceration/airdrying (EMA). For EMA, enzyme mixture containing 4% Cellulase Onozuka RS, 1.5% Macerozyme R200 (Yakult), 0.3% Pectolyase Y-23 (Seishin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), and 1 mM EDTA, pH 4.2, at 37°C for 60-75 min was optimum for chromosome preparation because a large number of good preparations, with all 34 chromosomes relatively extended and well spread without cytoplasm, were observed. The 18S-5.8S-25S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) site was detected in telomeric positions of six chromosomes in fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The number and positions of rDNA sites were the same as in the results using root tips as materials (Yamamoto et al. 2010, 2012). The method developed in the present study is considered to be promising for further cytogenetic studies in pear since true-to-type chromosome samples are obtained from young leaf.
Investigating the effect of government subsidies on end-of-life vehicle recycling

To have a deeper understanding of the Chinese market reaction for different subsidy policies made by the government, we establish a game model of the competition between legal recyclers and illegal recyclers with government involved. Further, we consider the quality differentiation of end-of-life vehicles in every player’s decision-making. With a numerical simulation, the researchers validated this study. Based on the results of this research, we found that compared with the strategy of subsidizing the legal recyclers, subsidizing the end-of-life vehicle owners is more effective, and the legal recyclers would get more business from end-of-life vehicle owners. The quality of end-of-life vehicles plays a vital role when the recyclers make decisions on their recycling behaviour. Moreover, the differential subsidy policy will probably be useless if most of the end-of-life vehicles in the market are in poor quality. So, the Chinese government should adjust its policies on end-of-life vehicle market development based on the quality distribution of end-of-life vehicles, and the quality management should be implemented in the end-of-life vehicle supply chain for the efficiency and effectiveness of subsidy policies.