Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A hybrid iterated greedy algorithm for the distributed no-wait flow shop scheduling problem

This paper proposes a hybrid iterated greedy (HIG) algorithm to solve the distributed no-wait flow shop scheduling problem (DNWFSP) with the makespan criterion. The HIG mainly consists of four components, i.e. initialization phase, construction and destruction, local search, acceptance criterion. In the initialization phase, a modified NEH (Nawaz-Enscore-Ham) is proposed to generate a promising initial solution. In the local search phase, four local searching methods based on problem properties (i.e. insert move within factory, insert move between factories, swap move between factories) are proposed to enhance searching ability. The effectiveness of the initialization phase and local search method is shown by numerical comparison, and the comparisons with the recently published iterated greedy algorithms demonstrate the high effectiveness and searching ability of the proposed HIG for solving the DNWFSP.
Audio-visual large-scale video copy detection

With the development of hardware and proliferation of Web 2.0, an increasing need to provide efficient access of desired content in large-scale database has emerged. Content-based copy detection (CBCD) has attracted more research interests due to its broad applications. However, most existing CBCD approaches only focus on single view (visual view or audio view). In this paper, we attempt to address the CBCD task by considering both visual and audio information simultaneously. A bag of visual concept words model for video copy detection method is proposed from visual cue, and the main advantage of the proposed method lies in the fact that the presence of semantic concepts is highly robust to spatial and temporal video transformations. On the other hand, a bag of audio words model is presented from audio cue and a coherency vocabulary combined with soft-weighted strategy realizes fast and accurate indexing. Finally, the late fusion is adopted to obtain the final audio–visual result based on visual-only and audio-only results. Intensive experiments are conducted on two large-scale data sets and competitive results are achieved.
BiST model for IC RF-transceiver front-end

In this paper, a BiST technique for an RF transceiver front-end is presented. The test is aimed at spot defects typical of mass production in the CMOS process. The loop-back approach is used to detect faults modeled as resistive breaks or bridges. The resulting impairment in gain, noise figure or selectivity of the RF blocks are considered functional-level faults, and as such are subjected to test with PRBS stimulus and BER as the response at base-band. The extra test circuitry is limited and the on-chip resources are used to set-up the BiST. A model of a GSM transceiver with BiST is investigated to verify the proposed approach.
TBI and Nonverbal Executive Functioning: Examination of a Modified Design Fluency Test's Psychometric Properties and Sensitivity to Focal Frontal Injury

The purpose of this study was to investigate a modified version of the Design Fluency Test (DFT; Jones-Gotman & Milner, 1977) to establish its psychometric properties and clinical sensitivity to frontal traumatic brain injury (TBI). Twenty-five participants with moderate-to-severe TBI and focal frontal injury confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, and 25 participants with TBI and nonfrontal focal injury were administered a modified fixed version of the DFT (Russell & Starkey, 1993). Analyses revealed that this modified DFT demonstrated excellent interrater agreement and consistency. This measure also demonstrated modest convergent validity with established measures of executive function abilities and discriminant validity with measures of other cognitive domains. Lastly, participants with frontal TBI generated significantly fewer novel designs compared with participants with nonfrontal focal injury. However, no significant differences were detected with regard to the total number of errors committed. Collectively, these results suggest that this fixed version of the DFT is a reliable measure of nonverbal executive functioning sensitive to frontal TBI.
Lower respiratory tract infections associated with influenza A and B viruses in an area with a high prevalence of pediatric human immunodeficiency type 1 infection

Background. Despite the high burden of pediatric HIV-1 infection in developing countries, there are few data on the clinical course of influenza virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in these children. Objective. To define and compare the clinical course of HIV-1-infected and -uninfected African children hospitalized with influenza virus associated severe LRTI. Methods. Children with severe LRTI were prospectively recruited between March, 1997, and March, 1999, as part of a broader study evaluating the etiology and outcome of this condition in hospitalized HIV-1-infected and -uninfected children. The results of children in whom influenza A or B virus was identified by immunofluorescent antibody staining after shell vial culture are reported. Viruses isolated were typed by hemagglutination inhibition assays. Results. Twenty-five (21.6%) of the 116 children hospitalized with severe LRTI in whom influenza A or B virus was identified were HIV-1-infected. HIV-1-infected children were older than uninfected children (mean age ± sd 17.4 ± 10.8 months vs. 10.2 ± 8.9 months;P = 0.002). HIV-1-infected children were more likely to have an underlying medical illness (in addition to HIV-1 infection) predisposing them to more severe LRTI (32.0%vs. 13.2%;P = 0.03). HIV-infected children were also more likely to have indirect evidence of bacterial coinfection, including chest radiographic evidence of confluent alveolar consolidation (78.9%vs. 35.1%, P = 0.006), and were less likely be wheezing (8.0%vs. 31.9%, P = 0.01). However, there was no difference in the clinical outcome of HIV-1-infected and -uninfected children. The duration of hospitalization [median (range) 5 (2 to 33) days vs. 4 (0 to 21) days, P = 0.08] and the mortality rates (8.0%vs. 2.2%, P = 0.20) were similar between HIV-1-infected and -uninfected children. Conclusion. HIV-1-infected children hospitalized with severe LRTI associated with influenza virus have an outcome similar to that of HIV-1-uninfected children even in the absence of antiretroviral or anti-influenza virus treatment.
Potential bias in generalized estimating equations linkage methods under incomplete information

The mean identity‐by‐descent (IBD) specification used in the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) methodology for linkage is only valid, strictly speaking, under the assumption of fully polymorphic markers. In practice, markers often provide only partial IBD information, which can potentially result in inconsistency of the locus location and gene effect estimates obtained by the GEE method. Using both simulations and theory, we identify some realistic conditions about marker information under which the validity of the GEE linkage methods may be arguable. Namely, researchers should not trust the GEE parameters' estimates and their associated confidence intervals in areas of the genome where IBD information is sparse or when this information changes abruptly. We show that properly standardized statistics based on IBD sharing provide a valid alternative. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
DiffECC: Improving SSD Read Performance Using Differentiated Error Correction Coding Schemes

This paper presents a cross-layer co-design approach to reduce SSD read response latency. The key is to cohesively exploit the NAND ? ash memory device write speed vs. raw storage reliability trade-off at the physical layer and run-time data access workload variation at the system level. Leveraging run-time data access workload variation, we can opportunistically slow down NAND ? ash memory write speed and hence improve NAND ? ash memory raw storage reliability. This naturally enables an opportunistic use of weaker error correction schemes that can directly reduce SSD read access latency. We develop a disk-level scheduling scheme to effectively smooth the write workload in order to maximize the occurrence of run-time opportunistic NAND ? ash memory write slow down. Using 2 bits/cell NAND ? ash memory with BCH-based error correction correction as a test vehicle, we carry out extensive simulations over various workloads and demonstrate that this developed cross-layer co-design solution can reduce the average SSD read latency by up to 96%.
Changes in immune and psychological measures as a function of anticipation and reaction to news of HIV‐1 antibody status.

&NA; We assessed changes in psychological and immunological functioning during 5‐week periods preceding and following notification of serostatus among gay males taking the HIV‐1 antibody test. Forty‐six asymptomatic homosexual men between the ages of 18 and 40 yrs were recruited from a gay men's organization and through advertisements in a local newspaper. Measures of cell‐mediated immunity (lymphocyte phenotypic markers, mitogen responsivity, and natural killer cell cytotoxicity) and psychological functioning (state anxiety, intrusive thoughts, and avoidant behaviors) were obtained at baseline, five weeks later and 72 hr before serostatus notification, and 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks postnotification. Results suggested a dissociation between psychological and immunological phenomena among seropositives wherein lymphocyte proliferative responses to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) remained unchanged in the face of significant increases in state anxiety and intrusive thoughts following serostatus notification. These findings suggested that asymptomatic HIV‐1 infected individuals, even at the earliest stages of infection, may be unable to mount an immune response to potent psychosocial stressors (i.e., serostatus notification), due perhaps, to the fact that the viral contribution to immune functioning overrides any influence of environmental stimuli. Among the seronegative subjects studied, blastogenic responses to PHA and PWM were depressed at baseline (relative to a group of age and gender‐matched controls who were not undergoing HIV‐1 antibody testing) but PHA values returned to normal values 5 weeks later. Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and CD4+CD45R+ inducer cell counts appeared to parallel these changes in seronegatives. Seropositives did display fluctuations in NK cell cytotoxicity that were similar to those noted for seronegatives. Correlational analyses suggested that individual differences in anxiety responses at the time of notification of seropositivity predicted subsequent (1‐week lag) declines in NK cell cytotoxicity but not other functional markers. Although most seropositives displayed clinical levels of anxiety, intrusive thoughts and avoidant responses during the week of serostatus notification, these measures returned to their initial nonclinical baseline levels within 5 weeks after notification in both the seropositive and seronegative groups.
Heat stress does not sensitize rats to the toxic effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

To determine whether heat stress sensitizes rats to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), four groups were examined: saline, LPS, heat stressed+saline, and heat stressed+LPS treated rats. Saline or LPS (Escherichia coli, 5 mg.kg-1 body weight, i.v.) was given after exposure to heat and at the same time of day for nonheated rats. Survival was monitored for 24 or 48 h; samples of liver and small intestine were obtained at 24 h for histological analysis. Thermal responses were similar (P > 0.05) for the heat stressed saline and LPS treated rats: mean values for maximum colon temperature were 43.0 +/- 0.1 and 42.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C, respectively. Mortality was similar for rats exposed to heat stress+saline (11%, 2/19) and heat stress+LPS (32%, 6/19). No lethality was observed in nonheated rats given saline or LPS. Tissue damage was similar in heat stress+saline and heat stress+LPS treated rats. Liver showed mild to severe degrees of coagulative necrosis while duodenum exhibited damage to the villous tips. These findings show that severe heat stress does not markedly sensitize the rat to the lethal activity of LPS.
Effects of potato – grain rotations on soil erosion , carbon dynamics and properties of rangeland sandy soils

The potential for wind erosion in South Central Colorado is greatest in the spring, especially after harvesting of crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) that leave small amounts of crop residue in the surface after harvest. Therefore it is important to implement best management practices that reduce potential wind erosion and that we understand how cropping systems are impacting soil erosion, carbon dynamics, and properties of rangeland sandy soils. We evaluate the effects of cropping systems on soil physical and chemical properties of rangeland sandy soils. The cropping system included a small grain–potato rotation. An uncultivated rangeland site and three fields that two decades ago were converted from rangeland into cultivated centerpivot-irrigation-sprinkler fields were also sampled. Plant and soil samples were collected in the rangeland area and the three adjacent cultivated sites. The soils at these sites were classified as a Gunbarrel loamy sand (Mixed, frigid Typic Psammaquent). We found that for the rangeland site, soil where brush species were growing exhibited C sequestration and increases in soil organic matter (SOM) while the bare soil areas of the rangeland are losing significant amounts of fine particles, nutrients and soil organic carbon (SOM-C) mainly due to wind erosion. When we compared the cultivated sites to the uncultivated rangeland, we found that the SOM-C and soil organic matter nitrogen (SOM-N) increased with increases in crop residue returned into the soils. Our results showed that even with potato crops, which are high intensity cultivated cropping systems, we can maintain the SOM-C with a rotation of two small grain crops (all residue incorporated) and one potato crop, or potentially increase the average SOM-C with a rotation of four small grain crops (all residue incorporated) and one potato crop. Erosion losses of fine silt and clay particles were reduced with the inclusion of small grains. Small grains have the potential to contribute to the conservation of SOM and/or sequester SOM-C and SOM-N for these rangeland systems that have very low C content and that are also losing C from their bare soils areas (40%). Cultivation of these rangelands using rotations with at least two small grain crops can reduce erosion and maintain SOM-C and increasing the number of small grain crops grown successfully in rotation * Corresponding author. Tel. : + 1 970 492 7260; fax: +1 970 492 7213. E-mail addresses: jdelgado@lamar.colostate. edu, jorge.delgado@ars.usda. gov (J.A. Delgado). 1 Former Ph.D. student. 0167-1987/$ – see front matter. Published by Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.still. 2004.09. 010 A. Al-Sheikh et al. / Soil & Tillage Research 81 (2005) 227–238 228 above two will potentially contribute to C and N sequestration as SOM and to the sequestration of macroand micro-nutrients. Published by Elsevier B.V.
1 nm NiSi/Si Junction Design based on First-Principles Calculation for Ultimately Low Contact Resistance

This paper studies the Schottky barrier height (SBH) modulation effect induced by dipoles generation at the nickel silicide (NiSi)/silicon (Si) interface, based on first-principles calculations. Dipole comforting SBH is dramatically reduced to 0.1 eV in 1 nm region around the interface for the case of B atoms substituted for Si atoms. The results suggest that NiSi with appropriate dopant preparation is a plausible electrode material for ultimately small p-MOSFETs
A 340-GHz high-gain flip-chip packaged dielectric resonator antenna for THz imaging applications

A high-gain flip-chip packaged dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for THz imaging applications is proposed in this work. The THz DRA is composed of a high-resistivity silicon dielectric resonator fabricated in an integrated-passive-devices (IPD) technology and a feeding patch realized on a 0.18-μm CMOS chip. The DR is flipped and thermo-compressively bonded to the chip by gold microbumps. With a 625-μm thick DR, a higher-order mode of TEδ, 1, 9 can be excited, which greatly enhances the antenna gain. The simulated antenna gain can be 5.9 dBi while providing radiation efficiency of 53% at 340 GHz. A comparison method is proposed to characterize the DRA performance. The measured maximum gain improvement of the proposed DRA over an on-chip CMOS patch antenna can be as high as 4.9 dB at 322 GHz. A CMOS imager with the proposed DRA is also successfully employed to demonstrate a THz transmissive imaging system at 322 GHz.
stweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome produced in gnotobiotic gs following exposure to various amounts of porcine circovirus type 2 a type 2 b §

In late 2005, a postweaning, high mortality syndrome spread rapidly through finishing barns in swine dense areas of the United States. Diagnostic investigations consistently detected porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from diseased tissues. Subsequent genetic analysis revealed that the infectious agent was a PCV2 type termed ‘‘PCV2b’’. Prior to late 2004, only the PCV2a type, but not PCV2b, had been reported in North America. In this communication, we produce severe postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in gnotobiotic pigs using infectious PCV2a and PCV2b generated from DNA clones constructed from field isolates identified in the 2005 outbreak. Clinical signs exhibited by diseased pigs included anorexia, dyspnea and listlessness. Mortality was typically observed within 12 h of onset of dyspnea. The most striking microscopic lesions in affected animals were severe hepatic necrosis and depletion of germinal centers in lymph nodes with associated abundant PCV2 viral antigen. Clinical signs and lesions observed in these studies were comparable to those reported in experiments with gnotobiotic pigs inoculated with a PCV2a isolate while concurrently receiving immune-stimulation or coinfection with porcine parvovirus or torque teno virus. The animals in these studies were confirmed to be free of detectable porcine parvovirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, swine hepatitis E virus, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Seven out of 24 PCV2 inoculated pigs had a detectable congenital torque teno virus infection with no correlation to clinical disease. Thus, in these studies, both PCV2a and PCV2b isolates were singularly capable of inducing high mortality in the absence of any detectable infectious co-factor. Published by Elsevier B.V. Disclaimer: Mention of trade names or commercial products in this le is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of culture. Corresponding author at: National Animal Disease Center, PO Box 70, s, IA 50010, USA. Tel. : +1 515 337 7371; fax: +1 515 337 7458. E-mail address: kelly.lager@ars.usda. gov (K.M. Lager).
Improvement of a multi-objective differential evolution using clustering algorithm

In the last few decades, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) for solving optimization problems have come to the forefront. Because of the complexity of the problem, Multi-objective problems (MOPs) as well as global optimization problem has been developed so far, but parents for genetic reproduction has been considered as one global group in general. In this paper, we apply clustering algorithm to differential evolution (DE) in order to cluster and assign group leaders to the subpopulation for finding optimal solutions as well as guaranteeing population diversity.
Regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase in vivo.

Abstract The elucidation of the factors which govern the production by the kidney of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) is essential to an understanding of calcium homeostasis. Changes in the specific activity of the renal 25-OH-cholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase (1-hydroxylase) were followed after alterations in dietary vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus or parathyroidectomy using an enzyme assay which measures initial reaction rates. 1-Hydroxylase specific activity varied over a 5- to 20-fold range with changes in dietary vitamin D; it was decreased to a specific activity of 0.1 to 0.6 pmole per min per mg of protein by administration of vitamin D3 (1.6 nmoles per day) or equally effectively by administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (0.52 nmole per day), and it increased markedly to a level of 0.7 to 1.8 pmoles per min per mg of protein upon withdrawal of the steroids. These changes were not dependent upon measurable changes in serum calcium and occurred regardless of dietary calcium and phosphorous levels. The time period required for the enzyme activity to fall to values characteristic of a vitamin D-repleted chick was inversely proportional to the magnitude of the dose of vitamin D3 given (7 days with 3.2 nmoles per day; 2 days with 32.5 nmoles per day). In the continued presence of vitamin D3, the 1-hydroxylase activity is modulated over a more narrow range (0.1 to 0.6 pmole per min per mg of protein) and enzyme levels reflect the dietary availability of calcium. Changes in dietary calcium were reflected by parallel changes in serum calcium. There was a highly significant (p l 0.001) inverse correlation between 1-hydroxylase activity and serum Ca2+ levels. No significant correlations were found between the enzyme activity and serum phosphorous or renal inorganic phosphorous levels. Parathyroidectomy of cholecalciferol-depleted chicks resulted in a decrease, in 24 hours, of 1-hydroxylase activity to levels characteristic of vitamin D-treated chicks (0.2 to 0.04 pmoles per min per mg of protein). This suggests that parathyroid hormone status is equally as important as calciferol status in determining 1-hydroxylase specific activity. The half-life and rates of synthesis and degradation of 1-hydroxylase in cholecalciferol-deficient and -repleted chicks were determined by measuring enzyme activity following cycloheximide treatment (Berlin, C. M., and Schimke, R. T. (1965) Mol. Pharmacol. 1, 149). Vitamin D status had no effect on the half-life or degradation rate (t1/2 = 4 to 5 hours); the rate of synthesis in deficient birds is 4.7 times that in vitamin D-repleted birds. In summary, the two major components which regulate the steady state level of 25-OH-D3-1-hydroxylase (vitamin D status and serum calcium-parathyroid hormone) appear to exert their effect by changes in the rate of the biosynthesis of this enzyme.
Particle filter based Conjoint Individual-Group Tracker (CIGT)

In this paper, we present a method for joint tracking of individuals and groups in surveillance scenarios. Groups are dynamic entities and they may grow or shrink with merge-split events. This dynamic nature makes it difficult to track groups using conventional trackers. In this paper, we propose a new tracking method named Conjoint Individual and Group Tracker (CIGT) based on particle filter with multi-observation model and particle advection. The proposed multi-observation model uses in-group and out-group observations inspired from sociological domain and jointly models individuals and groups. Particle advection is a method used to extract flows and analyze flow stability. In this work, particle advection is integrated into the motion model of CIGT to facilitate tracking of dense groups. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method compares favorably with those in the literature.