Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progress in Diamanes and Diamanoids Nanosystems for Emerging Technologies

New materials are the backbone of their technology‐driven modern civilization and at present carbon nanostructures are the leading candidates that have attracted huge research activities. Diamanes and diamanoids are the new nanoallotropes of sp3 hybridized carbon which can be fabricated by proper functionalization, substitution, and via Birch reduction under controlled pressure using graphitic system as a precursor. These nanoallotropes exhibit outstanding electrical, thermal, optical, vibrational, and mechanical properties, which can be an asset for new technologies, especially for quantum devices, photonics, and space technologies. Moreover, the features like wide bandgap, tunable thermal conductivity, excellent thermal insulation, etc. make diamanes and diamanoids ideal candidates for nano‐electrical devices, nano‐resonators, optical waveguides, and the next generation thermal management systems. In this review, diamanes and diamanoids are discussed in detail in terms of its historical prospect, method of synthesis, structural features, broad properties, and cutting‐edge applications. Additionally, the prospects of diamanes and diamanoids for new applications are carefully discussed. This review aims to provide a critical update with important ideas for a new generation of quantum devices based on diamanes and diamanoids which are going to be an important topic in the future of carbon nanotechnology.
Effect of PDCA circulation nursing intervention on prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of a new nursing method combining Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) circulation management and nursing on the prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia. METHODS The clinical records of 98 patients treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the control group (n=49) and the PDCA group (n=49), which were intervened by routine nursing and PDCA nursing based on routine nursing, respectively, by the same group of nursing staff. RESULTS After PDCA care, the nutritional status (body weight; total protein, TP; albumin, ALB) and immune function (immunoglobulin A, IgA; immunoglobulin G, IgG) in the PDCA group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Compared with routine nursing, PDCA care significantly increased the levels of PaO2 and oxygenation index, and reduced PaCO2, thus improving patients' ventilation function. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) decreased more significantly in the PDCA group, thus better inhibiting the inflammatory response. The PDCA group also had fewer cases of invasive mechanical ventilation, shorter time of invasive ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, total oxygen therapy, and hospitalization, and better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS PDCA care can effectively improve the nursing quality and patients' satisfaction, and better alleviate patients' poor psychological emotions, which is conducive to building a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.
Utility of the Right to Health for Addressing Skilled Health Worker Shortages in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Background: As a fundamental human right, the right to health (RTH) can influence state actors’ behaviour towards health inequities. Human rights advocates have invoked the RTH in a collective demand for improved access to essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Similarly, scholars have used the RTH as a framework for analysing health problems. However, its utility for addressing skilled health worker (SHW) shortages in LMICs has been understudied. Realising that SHW shortages occur due to existing push-and-pull factors within and between LMICs and high-income countries (HICs), we sought to answer the question: "how, why, and under what circumstance does the RTH offer utility for addressing SHW shortages in LMICs? " Methods: We conducted a realist synthesis of evidence identified through a systematic search of peer-reviewed articles in Embase, Global Health, Medline (Ovid), ProQuest – Health & Medical databases, Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate), CINAHL (EBSCO), APAIS-Health, Health Systems Evidence and PDQ-EVIDENCE; as well as grey literature from Google Scholar. Results: We found that the RTH offers utility for addressing SHW shortages in LMICs through HIC state actors’ concerns for their countries’ reputational risk, recognition of their obligation to support health workforce strengthening in LMICs, and concerns for the cost implication. State actors in LMICs will respond to adopt programs inspired by the RTH when they are convinced that it offers tangible national benefits and are not overly burdened with ensuring its success. The socio-economic and institutional factors that constrain state actors’ response include financial cost and sustainability of rights’-based options. Conclusion: State and non-state actors can use the RTH as a resource for promoting collective action towards addressing SHW shortages in LMICs. It can also inform negotiations between state actors in LMICs and their HIC counterparts.
Clinical efficacy and prognosis of standard large trauma craniotomy for patients with severe frontotemporal craniocerebral injury.

OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy, incidence of postoperative complications, and the quality of life in patients with severe craniocerebral injury undergoing standard large trauma craniotomy. METHODS Seventy-eight patients with severe craniocerebral injury who had been admitted to Hubei Hanchuan People's Hospital were selected retrospectively and assigned into an observation group and control group according to the treatment received, with 39 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional decompressive craniotomy and those in the observation group with standard large trauma craniotomy. The prognosis (GOS score), intracranial pressure before and after surgery, neurological functions (NIHSS score), cerebral hemodynamics (Vm, Vs, PI), quality of life (SF-36 score) and postoperative complications were compared. RESULTS The number of patients whose GOS scores were graded 5 was markedly higher in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05). The postoperative intracranial pressure and NIHSS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). The postoperative Vm, Vs and PI were lower in the observation group than those in the control group, respectively (P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of complications in the two groups (P>0.05). The SF-36 scores in the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Standard large trauma craniotomy is effective in treating patients with severe frontotemporal craniocerebral injury. It decreases intracranial pressure, improves neurological function and quality of life and results in a good prognosis.
Understanding the Experiences of end of Life Care for Patients with Mesothelioma from the Perspective of Bereaved Family Caregivers in the UK: A Qualitative Analysis

Objectives: Mesothelioma is a rare, progressive cancer with a short trajectory from diagnosis to the end of life. This study explores the experiences of palliative and end of life care for patients with mesothelioma from the perspective of bereaved family caregivers. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive approach was adopted comprising face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with bereaved caregivers of patients with mesothelioma in the UK. An inductive, thematic analysis was conducted using the ‘Framework’ approach. Results: Nine bereaved caregivers participated. Four themes emerged: understanding what lies ahead; carer support; care co-ordination; managing after death: practicalities, inquests and abandonment. Caregivers need to understand what lies ahead in order to emotionally and practically prepare themselves for supporting the patient at the end of life. Information and support needs of caregivers were often distinct from those of patients, including the importance of information about the coroner's involvement. The importance of care co-ordination was emphasised, with caregivers valuing on-going relationships and a named individual taking responsibility for co-ordinating the patients care. Feelings of abandonment arose when there was no contact with healthcare professionals following the death of the patient. Conclusions: Greater opportunity for open, one-to-one communication between family caregivers and healthcare professionals is vital to enable the caregiver to prepare for what lies ahead at the end of life and prevent feelings of abandonment after the death of the patient. Improved care co-ordination and partnership working are essential for supporting both patient and caregiver at the end of life.
Detached or devotee? Medical students and research

Medical students frequently participate in medical education research, yet their ready availability may render them vulnerable to coercion. We undertook a phenomenological exploration of medical students' experiences of participating in medical education research drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice. Our research questions were: How do medical students perceive their role within medical education research? Why do medical students participate? What aspects of their involvement do medical students consider to be beneficial?
Toward Green Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Challenges

Reversible‐deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have revolutionized synthetic polymer chemistry. Nowadays, RDRPs facilitate design and preparation of materials with controlled architecture, composition, and functionality. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has evolved beyond traditional polymer field, enabling synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrids, bioconjugates, advanced polymers for electronics, energy, and environmentally relevant polymeric materials for broad applications in various fields. This review focuses on the relation between ATRP technology and the 12 principles of green chemistry, which are paramount guidelines in sustainable research and implementation. The green features of ATRP are presented, discussing the environmental and/or health issues and the challenges that remain to be overcome. Key discoveries and recent developments in green ATRP are highlighted, while providing a perspective for future opportunities in this area.
Frequency-Dependent Behavior of Electrostatic Forces Between Human Finger and Touch Screen Under Electroadhesion

The existing lumped parameter circuit models do not capture the true (experimentally observed) behavior of electrostatic forces between human finger and a touch screen under electroadhesion, changing as a function of stimulation frequency. In order to address this problem, we first conducted an experiment to measure the voltage-induced frictional forces acting on the finger of a user sliding on a touch screen under constant normal force for stimulation frequencies ranging from 1 to 10$^6$ Hz. The steady-state values of coefficient of sliding friction for those frequencies and the value for voltage-free sliding (no electroadhesion) were utilized to estimate the magnitude of electrostatic force as a function of frequency. The experimental data shows that electrostatic force follows an inverted parabolic curve with a peak value around 250 Hz. Following the experimental characterization of electrostatic forces, an electro-mechanical model based on the fundamental laws of electric fields and Persson's multi-scale contact mechanics theory was developed. Compared to the existing ones in the literature, the proposed model takes into account the charge accumulation and transfer at the interfaces of finger and touch screen. The model is in good agreement with the experimental data and shows that the change in magnitude of electrostatic force is mainly due to the leakage of charge from the Stratum Corneum (SC) to the touch screen at frequencies lower than 250 Hz and electrical properties of the SC at frequencies higher than 250 Hz.
The relationship between number of trauma types, resilience, and psychological symptoms in ex-military personnel from India.

OBJECTIVE Traumatic event (TE) types have been shown to relate to adverse psychological outcomes. However, research in this area has relied almost exclusively on linear analysis and has been limited to Western countries with similar cultural values. Addressing these limitations, this study examined (a) presence and nature of relations between number of TE types and psychological outcomes and (b) minimum number of TE types predicting psychological symptoms in a culturally distinct sample of ex-military members from India. METHOD The sample of 144 trauma-exposed Indian ex-military members (Mage = 43.49; 90.90% males) completed a web-based survey. RESULTS Curvilinear regression analyses indicated quadratic relationships between number of TE types and psychological symptoms (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression, and anxiety severity) and resilience. Exploratory analyses showed (a) linear relationships between number of directly experienced TE types and psychological outcomes, (b) quadratic relationships between number of Predominant Death Threat TEs and psychological symptoms, (c) linear relationship between number of Predominant Death Threat TEs and resilience, and (d) linear relationships between other TE categories and psychological outcomes. Nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that a threshold of at least 10.5 TE types provided the optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity in classifying participants with (vs. without) probable PTSD, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder. For those reporting directly experienced TE types, this threshold was 2.5-3.5 TE types. CONCLUSION Study results enhance an understanding of psychological difficulties faced by Indian ex-military members who have experienced multiple TE types, which can inform psychotherapeutic treatments for this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Predicting Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Dependence in High Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Introduction Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) commonly presents with hydrocephalus due to obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) passage across the ventricular system in the brain. Placement of an external ventricular device (EVD) and in some cases ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) are often necessary for patients requiring prolonged CSF diversion. The study aimed at evaluating critical factors that play a role in determining the need for extended extraventricular drainage. Methods We performed a retrospective observational cohort study of two groups of patients with radiological imaging confirmed high grade aSAH (Hunt & Hess grades 3-5) who required VPS placement, shunt-dependent group, and who did not require long term CSF diversion, non-shunt-dependent group. We collected and analyzed data regarding the daily CSF output for 10 days following EVD placement, daily EVD height, intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), indicators of hydrocephalus, and CSF characteristics. Results The cohort, comprising of 8 patients in the shunt-dependent group and 32 patients in the non-shunt-dependent group, displayed median daily CSF output of 275.1 mL/day and 193.4 mL/day, respectively (P = .0005). ROC curve for CSF drainage for the two groups showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65 to 0.77. Qualitative analysis of CSF characteristics revealed that the shunt-dependent group had more proteinaceous, darker red color, and greater proportion of red blood cells (RBCs) although not statistically significant. Conclusions Determinants of prolonged CSF drainage requirements in patients with high grade aSAH are not fully elucidated to this date and there is no standardized protocol for CSF diversion. Our study revealed potential markers that can be used in the assessment for the need for long term CSF diversion. Our limited sample size necessitates further research to establish clear correlations and cutoffs of these parameters in predicting long term CSF diversion requirements.
Perspectives of fluorescence spectroscopy for online monitoring in microalgae industry

Microalgae industrial production is viewed as a solution for alternative production of nutraceuticals, cosmetics, biofertilizers, and biopolymers. Throughout the years, several technological advances have been implemented, increasing the competitiveness of microalgae industry. However, online monitoring and real‐time process control of a microalgae production factory still require further development. In this mini‐review, non‐destructive tools for online monitoring of cellular agriculture applications are described. Still, the focus is on the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor several parameters (cell concentration, pigments, and lipids) in the microalgae industry. The development presented makes it the most promising solution for monitoring up‐and downstream processes, different biological parameters simultaneously, and different microalgae species. The improvements needed for industrial application of this technology are also discussed.
Identification of dual binding mode of Orthodiffenes towards human topoisomerase-I and α-tubulin: exploring the potential role in anti-cancer activity via in silico study

Abstract The drugs prescribed for targeting the tumour growth comprise of chemotherapy regimen involving combinations to cell-cycle phase specific target receptors. The combination therapy with Topoisomerase-I (Topo-I) & anti-tubulin agents are in the clinical trial stages and have scope for identifying new chemical entities with dual binding and inhibiting potential. The checkpoint proteins present at the interface of cell-cycle phases are considered the link between these two that establish the connectivity across the two phases of cell-cycle. In the present study, this potential cross-link or dual targeting is explored via in silico analysis on the natural molecules, Orthodiffene (OD) A-F which are reported from the medicinal plant, Orthosiphon diffusus. These molecules have been reported to possess significant cytotoxicity against Jurkat and HL-60 cancer cells lines in vitro. A detailed in silico analysis on OD-series molecules to evaluate their plausible anticancer mechanism & potential, as well as their in situ ADMET profile study is reported here. The DFT analysis, molecular modelling and molecular dynamics (MD) collectively establishes Topoisomerase-I & α-Tubulin proteins to be the putative target responsible for the cytotoxic activities of OD-B. Orthodiffene series molecules found to be abiding by Lipinksi’s rule of 5 for orally bioavailable drug molecule. The present data & study are useful for further exploration of developing new chemical entities based on the structures of OD-series molecules as dual-target inhibitors of Topo-I & tubulin proteins with better efficacies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Ultrarapid lytic granule release from CTLs activates Ca2+-dependent synaptic resistance pathways in melanoma cells

Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) exhibit ultrarapid lytic granule secretion, but whether melanoma cells mobilize defense mechanisms with commensurate rapidity remains unknown. We used single-cell time-lapse microscopy to offer high spatiotemporal resolution analyses of subcellular events in melanoma cells upon CTL attack. Target cell perforation initiated an intracellular Ca2+ wave that propagated outward from the synapse within milliseconds and triggered lysosomal mobilization to the synapse, facilitating membrane repair and conferring resistance to CTL induced cytotoxicity. Inhibition of Ca2+ flux and silencing of synaptotagmin VII limited synaptic lysosomal exposure and enhanced cytotoxicity. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry of patient melanoma nodules combined with automated image analysis showed that melanoma cells facing CD8+ CTLs in the tumor periphery or peritumoral area exhibited significant lysosomal enrichment. Our results identified synaptic Ca2+ entry as the definitive trigger for lysosomal deployment to the synapse upon CTL attack and highlighted an unpredicted defensive topology of lysosome distribution in melanoma nodules.
Evaluation of the hepatitis C cascade of care among people living with HIV in New South Wales, Australia: A data linkage study

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are a priority population to receive hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and treatment. We aimed to characterize the HCV care cascade among PLHIV between 2010 and 2018 and to compare HCV testing and treatment uptake pre‐ and post‐availability of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Records of all HCV notifications (1993–2017) were linked to HIV notifications, deaths, hospitalizations, incarcerations, opioid agonist therapy, HCV RNA testing and treatment databases. Numbers and proportions were calculated for all stages of the care cascade and factors associated with HCV testing, and DAA treatment uptake were evaluated using logistic regression. From 383 individuals with HCV notification (2009–2017), 349 (91%) were ever HCV RNA tested, 285 (74%) had an indicator of chronic HCV infection, and from those eligible for treatment, 210 (74%) received HCV treatment. HCV testing was recorded for 85% pre‐DAA era and reached a cumulative proportion of 90% post‐DAA while treatment uptake had a 10‐fold increase from 7% pre‐ to 73% post‐DAA era. Younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.98; 95% CI 0.96–0.99), female gender (aOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.10–3.19), and rural region residence at notification (aOR 1.56; 95% CI 1.03–2.36) were associated with not receiving HCV testing. No identified factor was associated with not receiving treatment post‐DAA era. Removing barriers to HCV testing, expanding treatment to a variety of settings and continuous education and harm reduction are essential to achieve HCV elimination among PLHIV in Australia.