Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enabling the Visible Hand

In this paper we use data from more than 2,500 industry-years, reported by the Ohio Division of Labor Statistics, to track changes in employment and weekly wages among male and female production workers and clerical workers between 1914-1937. We find that among Ohio's manufacturing establishments female employment and real wages were rising throughout this period, particularly within clerical occupations. Increases in women's share of the total manufacturing workforce were nearly monotonic between 1914-1937, while after having been, at best, stagnant until the mid- 1920s, women's relative wages increased through the last half of the 1920s and into the 1930s. After matching our employment and wage data with information from the Census of Manufactures for the state of Ohio, we estimate translog production functions which indicate that Ohio manufacturers were adopting new organizational structures and technologies that were biased in favor of female clerical labor. This non-neutrality in technological and organizational change (like the employment and wage patterns) was driven primarily by larger firms that had relatively complex production processes. A simple counterfactual exercise indicates that the adoption of non-neutral technological and organizational change over this period can explain much of the observed increase in demand and remuneration for educated female manufacturing workers. This conclusion emphasizes the role women played channeling early twentieth century organizational and technological change, in effect enabling Chandler's "visible hand".
Diversity challenges facing expatriate and immigrant mothers and how group mentoring can influence them: A case study of a mentoring scheme within a Christian organisation in the United Kingdom

The current upward trend in immigration in the UK suggests that organisations will increasingly encounter people facing diversity challenges relating to gender, culture and religion which could be influenced by mentoring. Using a case study approach, this study explores the influence of mentoring on Christian mothers from an African background in dealing with their challenges. The findings suggest that the participants experience both value conflict and role conflict challenges and that mentoring has a direct influence on how they deal with practical challenges and also an influence on their mind-set which indirectly influences their challenges in every area of life.
Modeling the interaction between flow and highly flexible aquatic vegetation

Aquatic vegetation has an important role in estuaries and rivers by acting as bed stabilizer, filter, food source, and nursing area. However, macrophyte populations worldwide are under high anthropogenic pressure. Protection and restoration efforts will benefit from more insight into the interaction between vegetation, currents, waves, and sediment transport. Most aquatic plants are very flexible, implying that their shape and hence their drag and turbulence production depend on the flow conditions. We have developed a numerical simulation model that describes this dynamic interaction between very flexible vegetation and a time‐varying flow, using the sea grass Zostera marina as an example. The model consists of two parts: an existing 1DV k‐ɛ turbulence model simulating the flow combined with a new model simulating the bending of the plants, based on a force balance that takes account of both vegetation position and buoyancy. We validated this model using observations of positions of flexible plastic strips and of the forces they are subjected to, as well as hydrodynamic measurements. The model predicts important properties like the forces on plants, flow velocity profiles, and turbulence characteristics well. Although the validation data are limited, the results are sufficiently encouraging to consider our model to be of generic value in studying flow processes in fields of flexible vegetation.
UNRAVELING THE COMPLEX STRUCTURE OF AGN-DRIVEN OUTFLOWS. I. KINEMATICS AND SIZES

Outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are often invoked as agents of the long-sought AGN feedback. Yet, characterizing and quantifying the impact on their host galaxies has been challenging. We present Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph integral field unit data of six local (z < 0.1 ? > ) and luminous (L [ O III ] > 10 42 ? > erg s−1) type 2 AGNs. In the first of a series of papers, we investigate the kinematics and constrain the size of the outflows. The ionized gas kinematics can be described as a superposition of a gravitational component that follows the stellar motion and an outflow-driven component that shows large velocity (up to 600 km s−1) and large velocity dispersion (up to 800 km s−1). Using the spatially resolved measurements of the gas, we kinematically measure the size of the outflow, which is found to be between 1.3 and 2.1 kpc. Owing to the lack of a detailed kinematic analysis, previous outflow studies likely overestimate their size by up to more than a factor of two, depending on how the size is estimated and whether the [O iii] or Hα emission line is used. The relatively small size of the outflows for all six of our objects casts doubts on their potency as a mechanism for negative AGN feedback.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Regulates the Expression of Alveolar Macrophage Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Macrophage CSF (M-CSF) regulates monocyte differentiation, activation, and foam cell formation. We have observed that it is elevated in human pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and in the GM-CSF knockout mouse, a murine model for PAP. A potential regulator of M-CSF, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), is severely deficient in both human PAP and the GM-CSF knockout mouse. To investigate the role of PPARγ in alveolar macrophage homeostasis, we generated myeloid-specific PPARγ knockout mice using the Lys-Cre method to knock out the floxed PPARγ gene. Similar to the GM-CSF-deficient mouse, absence of alveolar macrophage PPARγ resulted in development of lung pathology resembling PAP in 16-wk-old mice, along with excess M-CSF gene expression and secretion. In ex vivo wild-type alveolar macrophages, we observed that M-CSF itself is capable of inducing foam cell formation similar to that seen in PAP. Overexpression of PPARγ prevented LPS-stimulated M-CSF production in RAW 264.7 cells, an effect that was abrogated by a specific PPARγ antagonist, GW9662. Use of proteasome inhibitor, MG-132 or a PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, prevented LPS-mediated M-CSF induction. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that PPARγ is capable of regulating M-CSF through transrepression of NF-κB binding at the promoter. Gel-shift assay experiments confirmed that pioglitazone is capable of blocking NF-κB binding. Taken together, these data suggest that M-CSF is an important mediator of alveolar macrophage homeostasis, and that transcriptional control of M-CSF production is regulated by NF-κB and PPARγ.
Exploiting Product Related Review Features for Fake Review Detection

Product reviews are now widely used by individuals for making their decisions. However, due to the purpose of profit, reviewers game the system by posting fake reviews for promoting or demoting the target products. In the past few years, fake review detection has attracted significant attention from both the industrial organizations and academic communities. However, the issue remains to be a challenging problem due to lacking of labelling materials for supervised learning and evaluation. Current works made many attempts to address this problem from the angles of reviewer and review. However, there has been little discussion about the product related review features which is the main focus of our method. This paper proposes a novel convolutional neural network model to integrate the product related review features through a product word composition model. To reduce overfitting and high variance, a bagging model is introduced to bag the neural network model with two efficient classifiers. Experiments on the real-life Amazon review dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Fear of Terrorism in Armenia: Anxiety, Moral Panic and the Role of the Media

In the aftermath of 9/11, terrorism has become a prominent area of research across multiple disciplines. Recent polls and surveys in the USA, Europe, and other countries directly affected by terror attacks show a substantial increase in the level of fear of terrorism. However, there is lack of research on the phenomenon in countries that do not have a recent history of terror attacks, nor are militarily involved in the global war on terror. The findings of this cross-sectional exploratory study are based on an online survey with 419 (N=419) respondents in one such terrorism-neutral country, Armenia. By applying the moral panic and terror management theories, the study analyzes sources of fear of terrorism, such as media, and the impact this fear has on the lives of the residents of the country. The results of the survey revealed that there is a considerable level of fear of terrorism in Armenia; however, the role of the media is minimized. It further found that those who experience higher level of fear of terrorism register a higher level of anxiety expressed through behavioral and emotional coping mechanisms. The study concludes with policy recommendations on how to mitigate the impact of terror attacks on the level of fear on a macro level, as well as presents suggestions and directions for future research.
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO WORKING PAPER SERIES Uncertainty and Fiscal Cliffs

Large pending fiscal policy changes, such as in the United States in 2012 or in Japan with consumption taxes, often generate considerable uncertainty. “Fiscal cliff” episodes have several features: an announced possible future change, a skewed set of possible outcomes, the possibility that implementation may not actually occur, and a known resolution date. This paper develops a model capturing these features and studies their impact. Fiscal cliff uncertainty shocks have immediate impact, with a magnitude that depends on the probability of implementation, which generates economic volatility. The possibility of fiscal cliffs lowers economic activity even in periods of relative certainty. JEL Classification: E20, E60, E62
Waterbird numbers at high altitude lakes in eastern Ladakh, India

The unique high altitude (> 3,500 m a.s.l.) brackish and freshwater lakes of the Ladakh region, India, are used as breeding grounds and staging sites by migratory waterfowl and waders. A survey of the abundance and diversity of birds at four lakes in eastern Ladakh in July 2007 found that the diversity of birds in these lakes (Tsokar, Statsapuk Tso, Thasangkaru Tso and Tsomoriri) was relatively low. Eleven species were identified, ranging from the widespread Common Redshank Tringa totanus (590 individuals) to the highly endangered Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis (three individuals). Among the four lakes, bird abundance and diversity was highest in Statsapuk Tso and Tsokar, respectively, and lowest in Thasangkaru. The importance of the lakes for waterbird conservation in Ladakh is discussed in relation to environmental changes in the area.
Early Eocene Arctic climate sensitivity to pCO2 and basin geography

We present results from new early Eocene (∼55–45 Ma) climate modeling experiments with the NCAR Community Climate System Model. These experiments test the sensitivity of climate to a large increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases, such as may have occurred at the Paleocene‐Eocene (P‐E) boundary (∼55.5 Ma), and also allow us to explore the role of Arctic basin configuration on climate. Experiments were run with pCO2 at 560 and 2240 ppm, and a third experiment, at 2240 ppm, incorporates a passage to a neighboring ocean to explore the potential effect of the ocean on Arctic warming, were the Arctic not isolated. Quadrupling pCO2 warms the Arctic by ∼8°C in the annual average, doubles atmospheric moisture content in this region and eliminates Arctic sea ice, consistent with proxy estimates of warming at the P‐E boundary. Opening the Arctic Ocean warms mean annual sea surface temperature by an additional ∼4°C.
There's No Such Beast: Cattle and Colour Naming Among the Mursi

Etude des termes de couleur chez les Mursi du Sud-Ouest de l'Ethiopie, a partir du constat qu'ils ne connaissent pas d'autres termes de couleur que ceux designant les couleurs de betail. Suivant l'approche des travaux de B. et E.A. Berlin et P. Kay, analyse du fonctionnement de ce systeme, qui, a partir du modele fourni par les couleurs de betail, represente des categories de couleurs ou de formes universellement reconnues
Life after injury witnessing injured Ukrainian soldiers coming home

Life after Injury is a photography project about young, heavily injured Ukrainian soldiers coming home after the war. Visuals document the experiences veterans go through in various stages after getting injured. Since May 2014 the ongoing conflict with Russia-backed rebels and the Russian army has taken over nine thousand lives. More than three thousand Ukrainian soldiers were killed, and almost eleven thousand were injured. The website entitled “Life after Injury” is meant to inform the public about the hardship Ukrainian soldiers have gone through in the battlefield and when coming back home.
Volunteer profile and their motives for participation in the Volunteer Programme during the FIVB Men’s Volleyball World Championship Poland 2014.

The aim of following paper is to present silhouette and work of a sports volunteer during international sports events in Poland. Profi le and participation motives in Volunteers Program were described based on FIVB Volleyball Men’s World Championship Poland 2014 example. Research process required use of following methods: text analyses, in-depth interview and undisguised participant observation of the market. The study showed that the largest group of volunteers was constitute by women (67,06%) between 19-24 years old. 70.59% participants of voluntary programe had advanced level of English and 70.25% declared knowledge of additional foreign language. Average time of working during tournament contained 6 hour in match day. Examinations showed that motives of participation in Volunteers Program has changed its basic altruistic role. Sports volunteers are linking personal passions resulting from an interest in given sports discipline with building of professional experience, with getting the classifi cation and basic competence constituting the base to the further professional development. Voluntary programs might be treat as an internship.
The Relationship between Government Revenue and Government Expenditure in Iran

The relationship between government revenue and government expenditure has been an important topic in public economics, given its relevance for policy especially with respect to the budget deficit. Besides the theoretical arguments about this relation, vast empirical literature is also available all over the world. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between government revenue and government expenditure in IRAN by using annual data and applying the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test for the period of 1978 to 2011. it is an important issue for this country but scare empirical literature available on this issue for IRAN. The research uses the annual time series data which is obtained from the website of Central Bank. Data properties were analyzed to determine their stationary using unit root tests ADF and Zivot-Andrews unit root test which indicated that the series are I(1). The Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test found unidirectional causality running from government revenue to government expenditure. So, these results consistent with the revenue-spend hypothesis. Our results support the Freidman (1978) and Buchanan-Wagner hypothesis that government revenues cause expenditure.
Knowledge construction about port performance evaluation: An international literature analysis

Purpose : This study aims at identifying and analyzing the characteristics of international scientific research that address the literature fragment referring to the Port Performance Evaluation to identify the existence of theoretical alignment of Performance Evaluation notion, as an area of knowledge, with practical area stage, the Port Performance Evaluation. Design/Methodology/Approach : The approach the problem, this paper makes use of qualitative research, since it analyzes the Bibliographical Portfolio characteristics related to the Performance Evaluation Port. The strategy adopted was action research where the authors through their analysis and interpretation made the selection of the Bibliographical Portfolio. Findings: From the analyzed literature fragment it was possible to identify some misalignment between what has been pointed out in the literature regarding the management practices in the port sector. This discrepancy refers to the management practices that are ignored by port managers, which implies the loss of opportunities and may even come to jeopardize the organization's performance. Research limitations/implications : The literature search was restricted to articles written in the English language, published in indexed scientific journals in the selected databases (ii) the restriction by the time limit of articles published after the year 2000; (iii) the generation of knowledge based on the characteristics selected by the researchers and (iv) the analysis of BP articles regarding the by the judgment and interpretation of this research authors. It is suggested for future work the expanding this research to other databases, other languages, other features, and continuity of this investigation with the development of "systemic analysis' and 'identifying research opportunities' stages through ProKnow-C. Originality/value : Although two similar works have been developed in the same area of research in 2015, the results achieved have contributed to the advancement of research Port Performance Evaluation, once extended the time horizon, the databases used for research and variables.
An empirical analysis of the relationship between the hedge ratio and hedging horizon: A simultaneous estimation of the short‐ and long‐run hedge ratios

This article analyzes the effects of the length of hedging horizon on the optimal hedge ratio and hedging effectiveness using 9 different hedging horizons and 25 different commodities. We discuss the concept of short‐ and long‐run hedge ratios and propose a technique to simultaneously estimate them. The empirical results indicate that the short‐run hedge ratios are significantly less than 1 and increase with the length of hedging horizon. We also find that hedging effectiveness increases with the length of hedging horizon. However, the long‐run hedge ratio is found to be close to the naive hedge ratio of unity. This implies that, if the hedging horizon is long, then the naive hedge ratio is close to the optimum hedge ratio. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:359–386, 2004
Manuscript title: Studies on the fitness components and comparative oviposition preferences of Aedes albopictus in various larval microhabitats of Burdwan, West Bengal

The objective of the study was to record the fitness parameters like gonotrophic cycle, fecundity, hatchability of Aedes albopictus mosquito. Blood was fed and the gonotrophic cycle, fecundity rate, hatchability rate and survival rate was calculated. On performing one way ANOVA it was seen that seasonal variation had a highly significant effect on fecundity (P <0.05), no significant effect on survival rate (P=0.189), and a significant effect on percent hatchability (P<0.05). Oviposition activity index (OAI) was calculated from both natural and artificial breeding habitat water. Positive oviposition activity index was recorded for coconut shell water (0.40) and tyre water (0.14) while OAI was found negative for earthen pots and tree hole breeding water. No household product showed positive OAI, indicating them as repellent and no oviposition was found in red chilli and ginger solution. Aedes larvae rearing water was found to be positive for OAI (0.12), indicating it to be more attractant than control water amongst the artificial breeding habitat provided.
Evaluation of Geometrical Modulation Transfer Function in Optical Lens System

This paper presents ray tracing algorithms to evaluate the geometrical modulation transfer function (GMTF) of optical lens system. There are two kinds of ray tracings methods that can be applied to help simulate the point spread function (PSF) in the image plane, for example, paraxial optics and real ray tracings. The paraxial optics ray tracing is used to calculate the first-order properties such as the effective focal length (EFL) and the entrance pupil position through less cost of computation. However, the PSF could have a large tolerance by only using paraxial optics ray tracing for simulation. Some formulas for real ray tracing are applied in the sagittal and tangential line spread function (LSF). The algorithms are developed to demonstrate the simulation of LSF. Finally, the GMTF is evaluated after the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the LSF.
Lipid Profile of Healthy Women During Normal Pregnancy

Lipid Profile of Healthy Women During Normal Pregnancy The four basic lipid indexes (Chol, Trig, HDL-C and LDL-C) increase during pregnancy, following different rates of increase. Among the four analytes triglycerides show the largest increase and HDL-C the smallest. All analyte values are raised during the 40 weeks of pregnancy, except HDL-C which is stabilized during the second trimester. After delivery the values decrease, except LDL-C which remains steady (for some weeks) before starting to fall following the others. In this study the relations between the four lipid indexes and some predisposing factors (age, gestational age, nationality, body mass index, profession, smoking and diabetes during pregnancy) were investigated. The sample consisted of 413 pregnant women, mainly Greeks and Albanians. After regression analysis it was proved that the only common predisposing factor was the gestational age. Triglycerides and total cholesterol are also influenced by the women's age. The lipid indexes showed no important difference between the pregnant women in the first trimester and the non-pregnant women. On the contrary, there was a statistical difference between the pregnant women in the second and third trimester and between them and the women in the first trimester. The percentages of increase between first and second trimester were: Chol: 38%, Trig: 115%, HDL-C: 30%, LDL-C: 33%. The percentages of increase between first and third trimester were: Chol: 65%, Trig: 208%, HDL-C: 26%, LDLC: 64%. Lipidski Profil Zdravih Žena Tokom Normalne Trudnoće Vrednosti četiri osnovna lipidska indeksa (Chol, Trig, HDL-C i LDL-C) rastu tokom trudnoće, prateći različite stope rasta. Od ta četiri analita najveći porast pokazuju trigliceridi a najmanji HDL-C. Vrednosti svih analita rastu tokom 40 nedelja trudnoće, osim HDL-C koji je stabilizovan u drugom trimestru. Posle porođaja, vrednosti opadaju, osim LDL-C koji ostaje stabilan (nekoliko nedelja) pre nego što takođe počne da pada. U studiji su proučavani odnosi između četiri lipidska indeksa i određenih faktora predispozicije (starost, gestaciona starost, nacionalnost, indeks telesne mase, profesija, pušenje i dijabetes u trudnoći). Uzorak je činilo 413 trudnih žena, uglavnom Grkinja i Albanki. Regresionom analizom je dokazano da je jedini zajednički faktor predispozicije bila gestaciona starost. Na trigliceride i ukupan holesterol takođe je uticala i starost žena. Nije bilo važne razlike između lipidskih indeksa žena u prvom trimestru i žena koje nisu bile trudne, dok je između žena u drugom i žena u trećem trimestru utvrđena značajna razlika, kao i između njih i žena u prvom trimestru. Porast u procentima između prvog i drugog trimestra bio je: za Chol: 38%, Trig: 115%, HDL-C: 30%, LDL-C: 33%. Porast u procentima između prvog i trećeg trimestra iznosio je: Chol: 65%, Trig: 208%, HDL-C: 26%, LDL-C: 64%.