Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Myofibrillar protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy individualised responses to systematically changing resistance training variables in trained young men.

The manipulation of resistance training (RT) variables is used among athletes, recreational exercisers and compromised populations (e.g., elderly) attempting to potentiate muscle hypertrophy. However, it is unknown whether an individual's inherent predisposition dictates the RT-induced muscle hypertrophic response. Twenty resistance-trained young (26(3)y) men performed 8wk unilateral RT (2∙wk-1) with one leg randomly assigned to a standard progressive RT (CON), and the contralateral leg to a variable RT (VAR, modulating exercise load, volume, contraction type and interset rest interval). The VAR leg completed all 4 RT variations every 2wk. Bilateral vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured pre- and post-RT, and acute integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates were assessed at rest and over 48h following the final RT session. Muscle CSA increase was similar between CON and VAR (P>0.05), despite higher total training volume (TTV) in VAR (P<0.05). The 0-48h integrated MyoPS increase post-exercise was slightly greater for VAR than CON (P<0.05). All participants were considered 'responders' to RT, although none benefited to a greater extent from a specific protocol. Between-subjects variability (MyoPS, 3.30%; CSA, 37.8%) was 40-fold greater than the intra-subject (between legs) variability (MyoPS, 0.08%; CSA, 0.9%). The higher TTV and greater MyoPS response in VAR did not translate to a greater muscle hypertrophic response. Manipulating common RT variables elicited similar muscle hypertrophy than a standard progressive-RT program in trained young men. Intrinsic individual factors are key determinants of the MyoPS and change in muscle CSA compared with extrinsic manipulation of common RT variables.
Cancer screening risk literacy of physicians in training: An experimental study

We investigated what factors may foster or hinder physicians’ cancer screening risk literacy–specifically the ability to understand evidence regarding screening effectiveness and make evidence-based recommendations to patients. In an experiment, physicians in training (interns and residents) read statistical information about outcomes from screening for cancer, and had to decide whether to recommend it to a patient. We manipulated the effectiveness of the screening (effective vs. ineffective at reducing mortality) and the demand of the patient to get screened (demand vs. no demand). We assessed participants’ comprehension of the presented evidence and recommendation to the patient, as well as a-priori screening beliefs (e.g., that screening is always a good choice), numeracy, science literacy, knowledge of screening statistics, statistical education, and demographics. Stronger positive a-priori screening beliefs, lower knowledge of screening statistics, and lower numeracy were related to worse comprehension of the evidence. Physicians recommended against the ineffective screening but only if they showed good comprehension of the evidence. Physicians’ recommendations were further based on the perceived benefits from screening but not on perceived harms, nor the patient’s demands. The current study demonstrates that comprehension of cancer screening statistics and the ability to infer the potential benefits for patients are essential for evidence-based recommendations. However, strong beliefs in favor of screening fostered by promotion campaigns may influence how physicians evaluate evidence about specific screenings. Fostering physician numeracy skills could help counteract such biases and provide evidence-based recommendations to patients.
Computerized Physician Order Entry in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Narrative Review

Abstract Background Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) has grown since the early 1990s. While many systems serve adult patients, systems for pediatric and neonatal populations have lagged. Adapting adult CPOE systems for pediatric use may require significant modifications to address complexities associated with pediatric care such as daily weight changes and small medication doses. Objective This article aims to review the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) CPOE literature to characterize trends in the introduction of this technology and to identify potential areas for further research. Methods Articles pertaining to NICU CPOE were identified in MEDLINE using MeSH terms “medical order entry systems,” “drug therapy,” “intensive care unit, neonatal,” “infant, newborn,” etc. Two physician reviewers evaluated each article for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consensus judgments were used to classify the articles into five categories: medication safety, usability/alerts, clinical practice, clinical decision Support (CDS), and implementation. Articles addressing pediatric (nonneonatal) CPOE were included if they were applicable to the NICU setting. Results Sixty-nine articles were identified using MeSH search criteria. Twenty-two additional articles were identified by hand-searching bibliographies and 6 articles were added after the review process. Fifty-five articles met exclusion criteria, for a final set of 42 articles. Medication safety was the focus of 22 articles, followed by clinical practice (10), CDS (10), implementation (11), and usability/alerts (4). Several addressed more than one category. No study showed a decrease in medication safety post-CPOE implementation. Within clinical practice articles, CPOE implementation showed no effect on blood glucose levels or time to antibiotic administration but showed conflicting results on mortality rates. Implementation studies were largely descriptive of single-hospital experiences. Conclusion CPOE implementation within the NICU has demonstrated improvement in medication safety, with the most consistent benefit involving a reduction in medication errors and wrong-time administration errors. Additional research is needed to understand the potential limitations of CPOE systems in neonatal intensive care and how CPOE affects mortality.
Patterns of initial opioid prescription and its association with short-term and long-term use among opioid-naïve patients in Malaysia: a retrospective cohort study

Objective This study examined opioid prescription initiation patterns and their association with short-term and long-term opioid use among opioid-naïve patients. Design This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. Setting and participants In this study, we analysed the prescription databases of tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. This study included patients aged ≥18 years with at least one opioid prescription (buprenorphine, morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, dihydrocodeine or tramadol) between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016. These patients had no opioid prescriptions in the 365 days prior, and were followed up for 365 days after the initial opioid prescription. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures were the number of short-term (<90 days) and long-term opioid users (≥90 days), initial opioid prescription period and daily dose. Results There were 33 752 opioid-naïve patients who received opioid prescriptions (n=43 432 prescriptions) during the study period. Of these, 29 824 (88.36%) were short-term opioid users and 3928 (11.64%) were long-term opioid users. The majority of these short-term (99.09%) and long-term users (96.18%) received an initial daily opioid dose of <50 mg/day with a short-acting opioid formulation. Short-term opioid users were predominantly prescribed opioids for 3–7 days (59.06%) by the emergency department (ED, 60.56%), while long-term opioid users were primarily prescribed opioids for ≥7 days (91.85%) by non-ED hospital departments (91.8%). The adjusted model showed that the following were associated with long-term opioid use: increasing opioid daily doses, prescription period ≥7 days and long-acting opioids initiated by non-EDs. Conclusions The majority of opioid-naïve patients in tertiary hospital settings in Malaysia were prescribed opioids for short-term use. The progression to long-term use among opioid-naïve patients was attributed to the prescription of higher opioid doses for a longer duration as well as long-acting opioids initiated by non-ED hospital departments.
Signs and symptoms method in neuropsychology: A preliminary investigation of a standardized clinical interview for assessment of cognitive decline in dementia

Abstract Psychologists usually perform a preliminary assessment of the person’s cognitive status through a brief interview conducted before the formal testing. However, this exam has not yet been standardized with ad hoc recommendations in psychology literature. In this work, a standard observational NeuroPsychological Examination (NPE) designed for psychologists was proposed, and its clinical effectiveness evaluated. The NPE was administered to patients referred to a neuropsychological service in a memory clinic over a 2-year period. The NPEs of the patients with Alzheimer dementia (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and healthy controls (HC) were retrospectively retrieved. Comparisons among the three groups were conducted. Abnormalities/signs identified during the NPE in the AD and VaD groups are more numerous compared to those reported in the HC group. About 80% of HCs show none or only one abnormal sign. Vice versa, 87.5% of both AD and VaD patients show three or more abnormalities. Accordingly, the NPE has 0.88 (95%CI = 0.81–0.95) sensitivity and 0.95 (95%CI = 0.88–1.02) specificity for detecting cognitive decline when a cut-point of three or more signs is applied. Some significant differences also emerge on the number of pathological signs between AD and VaD patients. NPE is a promising tool with demonstrated diagnostic utility in dementia patients.
The prevalence of wholly attributable alcohol conditions in the United Kingdom hospital system: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression

ABSTRACT Background and Aims The prevalence of alcohol‐related conditions is often reported as higher in hospital in‐patients compared with the general population. However, formal prevalence estimates are commonly derived from small studies which report highly varied results. This systematic review and meta‐analysis, within the UK hospital system, aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of the 26 ICD‐10 conditions that are wholly attributable to alcohol in in‐patient settings. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, PsychINFO and CENTRAL from database inception until 1 May 2018. We included studies of any design that reported the prevalence of one of 26 wholly attributable alcohol conditions defined by the ICD‐10. Studies were required to be conducted in one or more of the constituent nations of the United Kingdom and in an in‐patient setting (general wards, intensive care units, accident and emergency departments or mental health in‐patient units). Estimates were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression tested study and patient factors contributing to variation. Quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Results A total of 124 studies were included, reporting on a total of 1 657 614 patients. The majority of studies reported on harmful use of alcohol and alcohol dependence, for which the pooled prevalence was 19.76% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 15.61–24.26%] and 10.25% (95% CI = 7.06–13.96%), respectively. Mean patient age and type of in‐patient setting were identified as the main sources of variation in prevalence estimates, but not date of data collection. Both estimates were deemed very low quality according to GRADE. Conclusions An estimated one in five patients in the UK hospital system use alcohol harmfully, and one in 10 are alcohol‐dependent.
Comparison of Anti-Microbial Effects of Low-Level Laser Irradiation and Microwave Diathermy on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria in an In Vitro Model

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of low-level laser therapy and continuous microwave diathermy on the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and to establish their efficacy as an alternative therapeutic modality. Materials and methods: Laser fluence of 13 Joules (J)/cm2, 18 J/cm2 and 30 J/cm2 were used against several bacterial strains. Microwave dosages of 25, 50 and 100 watts (W) were used, respectively. Results: A significant difference between the three groups was observed using repeated analysis of variance (RANOVA) (F value: 0.74, and p value: 0.001). The Greenhouse–Geisser correction (GG) revealed significant results for laser irradiation alone. However, effect size calculation showed effects with microwave diathermy as well as laser fluence. Conclusions: Low-level laser therapy appears to be an effective modality of treatment when compared with continuous microwave diathermy on the Gram-negative and the Gram-positive bacterial strains tested. Microwave diathermy revealed large and medium effects on the bacterial cell counts with dominant effects on Gram-negative strains.
Alteration of MCP-1 and MMP-9 in Aqueous Humor Is Associated with Secondary Glaucoma in Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze changes in concentrations of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, or metalloproteinases (MMP) in the aqueous humor (AH) in Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) patients with (FUSwG) or without (FUSwoG) secondary glaucoma. Methods AH samples were collected from 43 eyes of Caucasian subjects (FUSwoG: n = 11; FUSwG: n = 8; control eyes: n = 24). Concentrations of IL-8, MCP-1, MMP-1,-2,-3,-9, SAA, TGFß-1,-2,-3, and TNF-α were measured by multiplex bead assay analysis. Results Compared with the control group, levels of IL-8, MCP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 in the AH were significantly increased in FUSwG and FUSwoG patients. In contrast to FUSwoG patients, MCP-1 and MMP-9 level were lower in FUSwG, while expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, and TGFβ-1 was increased. Conclusion In our experiments, glaucoma in FUS patients was associated with low levels of MCP-1 and MMP-9 in the AH, while expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, and TGFβ-1 increased. The alteration in these molecular patterns may contribute to the development of glaucoma in FUS.
Optimising halting station of passenger railway lines

In many real life passenger railway networks, the types of stations and lines characterisethe halting stations of the train lines. Common types are Regional, Interregional or Intercity.This paper considers the problem of altering the halts of lines by both upgrading and downgrading stations, such that this results in less total travel time. We propose a combination of reduction methods, Lagrangian relaxation, and a problem-specific multiplier adjustment algorithm to solve the presented mixed integer linear programming formulation. A computational study of several real-life instances based on problem data of the Dutch passenger railway operator NS Reizigers is included.
Characterizing a short T2* signal component in the liver using ultrashort TE chemical shift‐encoded MRI at 1.5T and 3.0T

Recent studies have suggested the presence of short‐T2* signals in the liver, which may confound chemical shift‐encoded (CSE) fat quantification when using short echo times (TEs). The purpose of this study was to characterize the liver signal at short echo times and to determine its impact on liver fat quantification.
Sonochemical coating as an effective method of polymeric nonwovens functionalization.

A surface of polymeric nonwovens may be coated with various types of nanoparticles for medical applications, filtration etc. However, quite often methods used for surface modification are difficult to scale up or are not applicable for polymers. In this article, we present one-step process enabling nonwovens functionalization. Poly(L-lactide-co-glicolide) (PLGA) nonwovens were prepared by electrospinning process and coated with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) using ultrasonic processing. The effect of the process was evaluated with various techniques. HAp layer was successfully attached without loss of structural properties of HAp or PLGA nonwovens. The analysis confirmed the decrease of hydrophobicity of coated nonwoven, as well as its biocompatibility, making this material valuable from the perspective of medical applications. The sonochemical functionalization of polymeric nonwovens may be considered as an effective and economic method, enhancing surface properties of electrospun nonwovens for various applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Stunting and Its Determinants among Adolescent Girls: Findings from the Nutrition Surveillance Project, Northwest Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Under nutrition among adolescents is a major public health problem in Ethiopia and its causes are under investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting and its determinants among adolescent girls in Dabat district. A total of 1556 adolescent girls were included in the study. The WHO’s Anthro-plus software was used to generate the height for age z-scores. Variables having a p-value<0.2 in the simple logistic regression were entered into multiple logistic regression and a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. About 47.4%(95%CI; 45.0, 49.6%) of adolescent girls were stunted. Being in the early (AOR = 0.027, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.09) and middle age (AOR = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.71) were less likely to be stunted compared with the late adolescent. The odds of stunting were found to be higher among adolescent of rural area (AOR = 1.45; 95%CI: 1.01, 2.10) and from household food in-secured (AOR = 1.33; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.73)families. Higher numbers of adolescent girls are stunted in Dabat district, suggesting severe public health importance of the problem. Age, residence and food security were associated with adolescent stunting. Thus, improving food security strategies targeting rural and food insecure households is recommended. Abbreviations: AOR= Adjusted Odd Ratio,CI= Confidence Interval, COR= Crude Odd Ratio, ENSSPI=Establishing Nutrition Surveillance System and Piloting Interventions HAZ=Height for Age, HDSS=Health and Demographic Surveillance System, HFSS=Household Food Security Status, INDEPTH=International Network of Demographic Evaluation of Population and Their Health, IQR=Inter Quartile Range, NNP=National Nutrition Program, NSHFP=National School Health and Feeding Program, SPSS=Statically Package for Social Science, WHO= World Health Organization.
Parameters affecting azoxystrobin and imidacloprid degradation in biobed substrates in the North Indian tropical environment

Abstract This study reports degradation of azoxystrobin (AZOXY) and imidacloprid (IMIDA) in the rice straw (RS)/corn cob (CC) and peat (P)/compost (C)-based biomixtures. The effect of biomixture preconditioning (10 days incubation prior to pesticide application), pesticide concentration and moisture content was evaluated. Results suggested that conditioning of biomixture greatly affected IMIDA degradation where half-life (t1/2) was reduced by 5–9 times. This was attributed to higher microbial biomass carbon content and dehydrogenase activity in the conditioned biomixtures. Pesticide application in the conditioned biomixture did not show any negative impact on soil microbial parameters. Both pesticides degraded at faster rate in the rice straw-based biomixtures than in the corn cob-based biomixtures. Degradation slowed down with increase in initial concentration of pesticides in biomixture and 1.6–3.0 (AZOXY) and 2.4–3.6 (IMIDA) times increase in t1/2 values was observed. The moisture content of biomixture showed positive effect on degradation which increased when moisture content was increased from 60 to 80% water holding capacity. The effect was significant for IMIDA degradation in the corn cob-based biomixtures and AZOXY degradation in the peat biomixtures. The rice straw-based biomixtures were better in degrading AZOXY and IMIDA and can be used in biopurification systems.
Identification and expression profiles analysis of odorant‐binding proteins in soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, is an extreme specialist and an important invasive pest that relies on olfaction for behaviors such as feeding, mating, and foraging. Odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) play a vital role in olfaction by binding to volatile compounds and by regulating insect sensing of the environment. In this work we used rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends technology to identify and characterize 10 genes encoding A. glycines OBPs (AglyOBPs) belonging to 3 subfamilies, including 4 classic OBPs, 5 Plus‐C OBPs, and one Minus‐C OBP. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated variable specific expression patterns for the 10 genes based on developmental stage and aphid tissue sampled. Expression levels of 7 AglyOBPs (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 10) were highest in the 4th instar, indicating that the 4th nymphal instar is an important developmental period during which soybean aphids regulate feeding and search for host plants. Tissue‐specific expression results demonstrated that AglyOBP2, 7, and 9 exhibited significantly higher expression levels in antennae. Meanwhile, ligand‐binding analysis of 5 OBPs demonstrated binding of AglyOBP2 and AglyOBP3 to a broad spectrum of volatiles released by green leaf plants, with bias toward 6‐ to 8‐carbon chain volatiles and strong binding of AglyOBP7 to trans‐β‐farnesene. Taken together, our findings build a foundation of knowledge for use in the study of molecular olfaction mechanisms and provide insights to guide future soybean aphid research.
Paternal age contribution to brain white matter aberrations in autism spectrum disorder

Although advanced parental age holds an increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), its role as a potential risk factor for an atypical white matter development underlying the pathophysiology of ASD has not yet been investigated. The current study was aimed to detect white matter disparities in ASD, and further investigate the relationship of paternal and maternal age at birth with such disparities.
Digital Integrated Circuits

Progressive in content and form, this practical book successfully bridges the gap between the circuit perspective and system perspective of digital integrated circuit design. Digital Integrated Circuits maintains a consistent, logical flow of subject matter throughout. Addresses today's most significant and compelling industry topics, including: the impact of interconnect, design for low power, issues in timing and clocking, design methodologies, and the tremendous effect of design automation on the digital design perspective. For readers interested in digital circuit design.
A New Insight Into GAMP and AMP

A concise expectation propagation (EP)-based message passing algorithm (MPA) is derived for the general measurement channel. By neglecting some high-order infinitesimal terms, the EP-MPA is proven to be equivalent to the generalized approximate message passing (GAMP), which exploits central limit theorem and Taylor expansion to simplify the belief propagation process. Furthermore, for additive white Gaussian noise measurement channels, EP-MPA is proven to be equivalent to the AMP. Such intrinsic equivalence between EP and GAMP/AMP offers a new insight into GAMP and AMP via a unified message passing rule for non-linear processing and may provide clues toward building new MPAs in solving more general non-linear problems.