Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation studies of virtual reality simulation performance metrics for mechanical thrombectomy in ischemic stroke

Introduction Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has transformed the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, patient access to MT may be limited due to a shortage of doctors specifically trained to perform MT. The studies reported here were done to (1) develop, operationally define, and seek consensus from procedure experts on the metrics which best characterize a reference procedure for the performance of an MT for ischemic stroke and (2) evaluate their construct validity when implemented in a virtual reality (VR) simulation. Methods In study 1, the metrics for a reference approach to an MT procedure for ischemic stroke of 10 phases, 46 steps, and 56 errors and critical errors, were presented to an international Delphi panel of 21 consultant level interventional neuroradiologists (INRs). In study 2, the metrics were used to assess 8 expert and 10 novice INRs performing a VR simulated routine MT procedure. Results In study 1, the Delphi panel reached consensus on the appropriateness of the procedure metrics for a reference approach to MT in ischemic stroke. Group differences in median scores in study 2 demonstrated that experienced INRs performed the case 19% faster (P=0.029), completed 40% more procedure phases (P=0.009), 20% more steps (P=0.012), and made 42% fewer errors (P=0.016) than the novice group. Conclusions The international Delphi panel agreed metrics implemented in a VR simulation of MT distinguished between the computer scored procedure performance of INR experts and novices. The studies reported here support the demonstration of face, content, and construct validity of the MT metrics.
queryMed: Semantic Web functions for linking pharmacological and medical knowledge to data

Summary In public health research and more precisely in the reuse of electronic health data, selecting patients, identifying specific events and interpreting results typically requires biomedical knowledge. The queryMed R package aims to facilitate the integration of medical and pharmacological knowledge stored in formats compliant with the Linked Data paradigm (e.g. OWL ontologies and RDF datasets) into the R statistical programming environment. We show how it allowed us to identify all the drugs prescribed for critical limb ischemia (CLI) and also to detect one contraindicated prescription for one patient by linking a medical database of 1003 CLI patients to ontologies. Availability queryMed is readily usable for medical data mappings and enrichment. Sources, R vignettes and test data are available on GitHub (https://github.com/yannrivault/queryMed) and are archived on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1323481).
Overt Spatial Attention Modulates Multisensory Selection

In daily life, signals from the different senses are often integrated to enhance multisensory perception. However, an important, yet currently still controversial, topic concerns the need for attention in this integration process. To investigate this question, we turned to the processing of multisensory distractors. Note that multisensory target processing is typically confounded with attention as people attend to the stimuli that they respond to. We therefore designed a multisensory flanker task in which the target and distractor stimuli were both multisensory and the congruency between the features (auditory and visual) was varied orthogonally. In addition, we manipulated whether distractor or target was within the focus of participants’ gaze (i.e., was overtly attended). Importantly, distractor congruency effects were modulated by this manipulation. Fixating the distractor led to crossmodal congruency effects between the visual and auditory feature dimensions (e.g., a visually incongruent distractor interfered more if it was also auditorily incongruent with the target), while congruency effects were independent of each other when the distractor was not fixated (i.e., visual interference was not modulated by auditory interference in this case). These results suggest that distractors outside the focus of overt attention are processed at the level of features whereas those distractors presented at fixation are processed as a configuration of features. Taken together, these results can be taken to suggest that the multisensory integration of irrelevant stimuli depends on the focus of spatial attention.
Begging abroad in Sweden: An interview study

Abstract Background: The occurrence of begging by poor people from other countries in the European Union (EU) is now common in Scandinavia. They have a challenging life, but there is little knowledge about their own perceptions of their stay abroad. Aim: To explore the experiences of EU citizens begging in Sweden. Material: A descriptive design was used. Data were gathered through individual interviews conducted in Romanian and translated into Swedish. These were analysed using conventional content analysis. Participants were 20 EU citizens aged 19–64 years with experience of begging in Sweden. Results: The identified main category, “A hard time abroad to improve one’s life”, contained four categories – “Endurance is required to make a living”; “Exposed to others’ attitudes and kindness”; “Handling being away”; and “A better life is the driving force”. Conclusions and significance: EU citizens who beg face occupational injustice, spending many hours in non-preferred activity of begging and with few leisure activities, although no generalizations can be drawn based on this study. The importance of a friendly attitude and environmental support when abroad was also shown. Since occupational justice is within the scope of occupational therapy, occupational therapists have the skills to contribute in collaboration with others.
Object-oriented programming with ActionScript

From the Publisher: Master the newest, revolutionary changes to Flash MX from the folks who helped build it! Written by well-known members of the Flash community, people whom the readers already know and trust. This books is for advanced users who need to re-conceptualize how to work with Flash MX to intelligently build applications. This book will teach you everything they need to know about application development from the ground up. Written by two of the most highly respected programmers in the Flash community, this book offers Flash developers a blue-print for how best to use Flash MX's new functionality: object-oriented programming. OOP is a new concept to the Flash community and the power one is able to wield with it is revolutionary. However, to use Flash MX effectively, developers will need to re-conceptualize how to build applications. The Flash community needs to know how to architect applications in order to create them effectively. This book shows them how to re-think the Flash paradigm. Most users of Flash know how to script, but not how to actually build applications in Flash MX, so the book starts out by introducing readers to the main methodology used in Flash MX programming, object oriented design. The CD will provide full source code for all examples covered in the book as well as the entire component architecture covered in the book that readers can literally start using immediately.
Exploring Behavior of People with Suicidal Ideation in a Chinese Online Suicidal Community

People with suicidal ideation (PSI) are increasingly using social media to express suicidal feelings. Researchers have found that their internet-based communication may lead to the spread of suicidal ideation, which presents a set of challenges for suicide prevention. To develop effective prevention and intervention strategies that can be efficiently applied in online communities, we need to understand the behavior of PSI in internet-based communities. However, to date there have been no studies that specifically focus on the behavior of PSI in Chinese online communities. A total of 4489 postings in which users explicitly expressed their suicidal ideation were labeled from 560,000 postings in an internet-based suicidal community on Weibo (one of the biggest social media platforms in China) to explore their behavior. The results reveal that PSI are significantly more active than other users in the community. With the use of social network analysis, we also found that the more frequently users communicate with PSI, the more likely that users would become suicidal. In addition, Chinese women may be more likely to be at risk of suicide than men in the community. This study enriches our knowledge of PSI's behavior in online communities, which may contribute to detecting and assisting PSI on social media.
Regulation of ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux by sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in macrophages

Sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism are closely associated at the structural, biochemical, and functional levels. Although HDL-associated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) contributes to several HDL functions, and S1P signaling regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, no study has addressed the involvement of S1P in cholesterol efflux. Here, we show that sphingosine kinase (Sphk) activity was induced by the LXR agonist 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol and required for the stimulation of ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I. In support, pharmacological Sphk inhibition and Sphk2 but not Sphk1 deficiency abrogated efflux. The involved mechanism included stimulation of both transcriptional and functional ABCA1 regulatory pathways and depended for the latter on the S1P receptor 3 (S1P3). Accordingly, S1P3-deficient macrophages were resistant to 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol-stimulated cholesterol efflux. The inability of excess exogenous S1P to further increase efflux was consistent with tonic S1P3 signaling by a pool of constitutively generated Sphk-derived S1P dynamically regulating cholesterol efflux. In summary, we have established S1P as a previously unrecognized intermediate in LXR-stimulated ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux and identified S1P/S1P3 signaling as a positive-feedback regulator of cholesterol efflux. This constitutes a novel regulatory mechanism of cholesterol efflux by sphingolipids.
Unbiased Phenotype Detection Using Negative Controls

Phenotypic screens using automated microscopy allow comprehensive measurement of the effects of compounds on cells due to the number of markers that can be scored and the richness of the parameters that can be extracted. The high dimensionality of the data is both a rich source of information and a source of noise that might hide information. Many methods have been proposed to deal with this complex data in order to reduce the complexity and identify interesting phenotypes. Nevertheless, the majority of laboratories still only use one or two parameters in their analysis, likely due to the computational challenges of carrying out a more sophisticated analysis. Here, we present a novel method that allows discovering new, previously unknown phenotypes based on negative controls only. The method is compared with L1-norm regularization, a standard method to obtain a sparse matrix. The analytical pipeline is implemented in the open-source software KNIME, allowing the implementation of the method in many laboratories, even ones without advanced computing knowledge.
Enhancing the Security of RCIA Ultra-Lightweight Authentication Protocol by Using Random Number Generator (RNG) Technique

This study is an attempt to enhance the security of Robust Confidentiality, Integrity, and Authentication (RCIA) ultra-lightweight authentication protocols. In the RCIA protocol, IDs value is sent between reader and tag as a constant value. This makes RCIA susceptible to traceability attack which lead to the privacy issue. In order to overcome this problem, Random Number Generator (RNG) technique based on Bitwise operations has been used in the tag side. The idea of this technique is to change the IDs of a tag on every query session so that it will not stay as a constant value. The implementation of Enhanced RCIA has been conducted by using a simulation. The simulation provided the ability to show that the operations of RCIA protocol as to compare with the enhanced RCIA. The outcome shows that the enhanced RCIA outperforms existing one in terms of privacy.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Ferritin levels throughout childhood and metabolic syndrome in adolescence

Background and aim: Increased ferritin levels have been widely associated with cardiovascular risk in adults. Whether ferritin levels and their changes during childhood are related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) at adolescence is unknown. We aimed to evaluate these associations using levels of ferritin at 5, 10 and 16 years and their linear increases and patterns of sustained increased levels across childhood. Methods There were four samples evaluated according to non-missing values for study variables at each stage (5 years: 562; 10 years: 381; and 16 years: 567 children; non-missing values at any stage: 379). MetS risk was evaluated as a continuous Z score. Patterns of sustained increased ferritin (highest tertile) and slope of the change of ferritin per year across the follow-up were calculated. In girls, slope effects of ferritin and/or cardiometabolic risk outcomes. There are no studies on trajectories of ferritin and cardiometabolic risk in adults, although one study evaluated change in ferritin regarding development of MetS after 6.5 years follow-up. 22 In this study conducted in a Finnish population, men or women who had incident MetS presented higher changes in ferritin values between baseline and the end of the follow-up. 22 Future studies should test patterns of sustained high ferritin and slopes from repeated measurements of ferritin over time regarding cardiometabolic outcomes in adults and other paediatric populations to contrast our findings by sex.
Impact of Rosmarinus officinalis cold‐pressed oil on health, growth performance, intestinal bacterial populations, and immunocompetence of Japanese quail

ABSTRACT This study was performed to study the impacts of rosemary cold‐pressed oil (RCPO) for biostimulating health, growth performance, and intestinal bacterial populations of Japanese quail. The study included 300 growing 1‐wk‐old Japanese quails. Birds were divided into 3 groups in a complete randomized design experiment that involved 3 levels of RCPO (0, 1.00 and 2.00 mL/kg diet). Results revealed that the addition of rosemary oil numerically increased values of body weight and body weight gain when compared with the control group, particularly the highest level of RCPO (2.00 mL/kg diet). Birds fed diets supplemented with rosemary oil consumed more feed (P ≤ 0.01) compared with those fed the control diet. Feed conversion ratio tended to be improved in rosemary oil groups during the period 3 to 6 wk of age (P = 0.013). The highest level of rosemary oil (2.00 mL/kg diet) had the best impact on all carcass traits studied. RCPO supplementation showed an increase in serum total protein, metabolic hormones levels, while it reduced serum cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, and protein carbonyl levels. Moreover, RCPO increased antioxidative enzymes, and reduced the lipid peroxidation in quail liver. The supplementation of 2 mL/RCPO kg diet showed significant reduction in populations of total cultural bacterial count, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. in the ileum when compared to the control. The current results showed that RCPO supplementation to Japanese quails diet could enhance the growth performance and reduce the intestinal pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, RCPO can be a beneficial antimicrobial and growth‐promoting feed supplement for the Japanese quail.
Eye Gaze Markers Indicate Visual Attention to Threatening Images in Individuals with Chronic Back Pain

Research into attentional biases and threatening, pain-related information has primarily been investigated using reaction time as the dependent variable. This study aimed to extend previous research to provide a more in depth investigation of chronic back pain and individuals’ attention to emotional stimuli by recording eye movement behavior. Individuals with chronic back pain (n = 18) were recruited from a back rehabilitation program and age and sex matched against 17 non-symptomatic controls. Participants’ eye movements were recorded whilst they completed a dot probe task, which included back pain specific threatening images and neutral images. There were no significant differences between chronic pain and control participants in attentional biases recorded using reaction time from the dot probe task. Chronic pain participants, however, demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of fixations, larger pupil diameter, a longer average fixation duration and faster first fixation to threatening compared to neutral images. They also had a significantly longer average fixation duration and larger pupil diameter to threatening images compared to control participants. The findings of this study suggest eye gaze metrics may provide a more sensitive measure of attentional biases in chronic pain populations. These findings may have important therapeutic implications for the patient and therapist.
An Untraceable Data Sharing Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks

With the wide application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), secure data sharing in networks is becoming a hot research topic and attracting more and more attention. A huge challenge is securely transmitting the data from the source node to the sink node. Except for eavesdropping the information stored in the packages, the adversary may also attempt to analyze the contextual information of the network to locate the source node. In this paper, we proposed a secure data sharing approach to defend against the adversary. Specifically, we first design a secret key mechanism to guarantee the security of package delivery between a pair of nodes. Then, a light-weighted secret sharing scheme is designed to map the original message to a set of shares. Finally, the shares are delivered to the sink node independently based on a proper random routing algorithm. Simulation results illustrate that our approach can defend against the eavesdropping and tracing-back attack in an energy-efficient manner.
Detailed pathological analysis of the advancing edge of the tumour can effectively stratify clinical T4b colorectal cancer patients

Pathological staging of colorectal cancers (CRCs) that involve adhesion to adjacent organs (clinical stages T4b, cT4b) is sometimes difficult because the morphology of the invasive front varies. To resolve this issue, we reviewed 492 surgically resected CRC samples, comprising 96 cT4b tumours and, for comparison, 335 typical pathological stages (p) T3 and 61 pT4a tumours.
Evaluation of a Computer-Based Administration of the Rey Complex Figure Test

This study examined the equivalence of a graphics tablet-based computer administration of the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCF) with a traditional paper-and-pencil administration of the RCF. Participants were also assessed for computer anxiety, attitudes, and familiarity, as well as comfort with the computer equipment used in the study. Sixty-two undergraduate volunteers completed the RCF using the computer graphics tablet and an alternate form of the test (Taylor Complex Figure; TCF) using pencil and paper. RCF and TCF copies were independently scored by two pairs of scorers. No significant performance differences were observed in the first scoring pair; however, participants scored significantly higher on their paper-and-pencil reproduction than on their tablet reproduction in the second pair. No significant relationships between computer-based RCF performance and preexisting computer attitudes, anxiety, or familiarity were found. Participants’ ratings suggested that the graphics tablet was perceived as interesting but more difficult to use than the paper-and-pencil administration method. Despite the potential administration and scoring advantages of a computer graphics tablet-based administration, results did not support tablet use as an alternate administration method for the RCF.
Simulation temps réel d'éclairage en présence de brouillard

La simulation d'eclairage en presence de brouillard est un probleme complexe pour lequel peu de solutions temps reel ont ete proposees. Dans cet article, nous proposons une methode permettant de visualiser en temps reel et sous certaines conditions, les effets lumineux induits par la presence d'un milieu participant dans une scene. La methode est fondee sur une reformulation et une approximation de l'equation de transport en considerant des sources de lumiere ponctuelles decrites par leur distribution energetique. Elle permet de calculer en temps constant, pour chaque pixel, la contribution lumineuse du milieu participant. Associee a un maillage radial 2D pour le rendu, la methode permet de lever la contrainte temps reel quelle que soit la resolution image.
Rock climbing activity and physical habitat attributes impact avian community diversity in cliff environments

As the sport of outdoor rock climbing rapidly grows, there is increasing pressure to understand how it can affect communities of organisms in cliff habitats. To that end, we surveyed 32 cliff sites in Boulder, Colorado, USA, and assessed the relative roles of human recreation and natural habitat features as drivers of bird diversity and activity. We detected only native avian species during our observations. Whereas avian abundance was not affected by climbing, avian species diversity and community conservation value were higher at low-use climbing formations. Models indicated that climber presence and cliff aspect were important predictors of both avian diversity and avian cliff use within our study area, while long-term climbing use frequency has a smaller, but still negative association with conservation value and cliff use by birds in the area. In contrast, the diversity of species on the cliff itself was not affected by any of our measured factors. To assess additional community dynamics, we surveyed vegetation and arthropods at ten site pairs. Climbing negatively affected lichen communities, but did not significantly affect other vegetation metrics or arthropods. We found no correlations between avian diversity and diversity of either vegetation or arthropods. Avian cliff use rate was positively correlated with arthropod biomass. We conclude that while rock climbing is associated with lower community diversity at cliffs, some common cliff-dwelling birds, arthropods and plants appear to be tolerant of climbing activity. An abiotic factor, cliff aspect strongly affected patterns of both avian diversity and cliff use, suggesting that the negative effects of rock climbing may be mitigated by informed management of cliff habitat that considers multiple site features.