Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resolving the topological enigma in Ca2+ signaling by cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) are two structurally distinct messengers that mobilize the endoplasmic and endolysosomal Ca2+ stores, respectively. Both are synthesized by the CD38 molecule (CD38), which has long been thought to be a type II membrane protein whose catalytic domain, intriguingly, faces to the outside of the cell. Accordingly, for more than 20 years, it has remained unresolved how CD38 can use cytosolic substrates such as NAD and NADP to produce messengers that target intracellular Ca2+ stores. The discovery of type III CD38, whose catalytic domain faces the cytosol, has now begun to clarify this topological conundrum. This article reviews the ideas and clues leading to the discovery of the type III CD38; highlights an innovative approach for uncovering its natural existence; and discusses the regulators of its activity, folding, and degradation. We also review the compartmentalization of cADPR and NAADP biogenesis. We further discuss the possible mechanisms that promote type III CD38 expression and appraise a proposal of a Ca2+-signaling mechanism based on substrate limitation and product translocation. The surprising finding of another enzyme that produces cADPR and NAADP, sterile α and TIR motif–containing 1 (SARM1), is described. SARM1 regulates axonal degeneration and has no sequence similarity with CD38 but can catalyze the same set of multireactions and has the same cytosolic orientation as the type III CD38. The intriguing finding that SARM1 is activated by nicotinamide mononucleotide to produce cADPR and NAADP suggests that it may function as a regulated Ca2+-signaling enzyme like CD38.
When beliefs and evidence collide: psychological and ideological predictors of motivated reasoning about climate change

Abstract Motivated reasoning occurs when we reason differently about evidence that supports our prior beliefs than when it contradicts those beliefs. Adult participants (N = 377) from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) system completed written responses critically evaluating strengths and weaknesses in a vignette on the topic of anthropogenic climate change (ACC). The vignette had two fictional scientists present prototypical arguments for and against anthropogenic climate change that were constructed with equally flawed and conflicting reasoning. The current study tested and found support for three main hypotheses: cognitive style, personality, and ideology would predict both motivated reasoning and endorsement of human caused climate change; those who accept human-caused climate change will be less likely to engage in biased reasoning and more likely to engage in objective reasoning about climate change than those who deny human activity as a cause of climate change. (144 words)
A Bi-recursive Auto-encoders for Learning Semantic Word Embedding

: The meaning of a word depends heavily on the context in which it is embedded. Deep neural network have recorded recently a great success in representing the words’ meaning. Among them, auto-encoders based models have proven their robustness in representing the internal structure of several data. Thus, in this paper, we present a novel deep model to represent words meanings using auto-encoders and considering the left/right contexts around the word of interest. Our proposal, referred to as Bi-Recursive Auto-Encoders (Bi-RAE ), consists in modeling the meaning of a word as an evolved vector and learning its semantic features over its set of contexts.
Real-time Detection of 2D Tool Landmarks with Synthetic Training Data

In this paper a deep learning architecture is presented that can, in real time, detect the 2D locations of certain landmarks of physical tools, such as a hammer or screwdriver. To avoid the labor of manual labeling, the network is trained on synthetically generated data. Training computer vision models on computer generated images, while still achieving good accuracy on real images, is a challenge due to the difference in domain. The proposed method uses an advanced rendering method in combination with transfer learning and an intermediate supervision architecture to address this problem. It is shown that the model presented in this paper, named Intermediate Heatmap Model (IHM), generalizes to real images when trained on synthetic data. To avoid the need for an exact textured 3D model of the tool in question, it is shown that the model will generalize to an unseen tool when trained on a set of different 3D models of the same type of tool. IHM is compared to two existing approaches to keypoint detection and it is shown that it outperforms those at detecting tool landmarks, trained on synthetic data.
Experimental exploration and theoretical certainty of thermal conductivity and viscosity of MgO-therminol 55 nanofluid

ABSTRACT In this study, a combination of thermal conductivity, viscosity, and density characteristics are experimentally probed for attaining maximum heat transfer using MgO-Therminol 55 as nanofluid is reported. Recent studies proved that nanofluids have miserable properties that make them feasibly useful in many applications in heat transfer compared to base fluid.MgO-Therminol 55 nanofluid is synthesized by diffusion of MgO nanoparticles of size 160–190 nm in Therminol 55 at different concentrations (0.05%–0.3%). Thermal conductivity and viscosity are calculated at a temperature range of 30–60°C using kd2 analyzer and Fenske viscometer. Data obtained from the experimental results reveals that when volume concentration is increased with respect to that thermal conductivity increases, viscosity decreases and density decreases at different temperatures. The proposed models were supportive to the experimental data.
Succession of aquatic and littoral vegetation in disused sandpits

Vegetation succession in aquatic and littoral environments has received much less attention compared to terrestrial habitats. We sampled differently aged successional stages in 63 sandpits across the Czech Republic, Central Europe. They ranged in age since abandonment from 1 to 64 years. The chronosequence approach was adopted. Besides species identity itself, basic life‐history species traits were considered to describe the succession. Based on the location (elevation) of plots, two geographical regions were delimited based on temperature and precipitation. Alongside the vegetation data, several environmental variables were recorded: age, water depth, substratum type (i.e., proportion of sand, clay, gravel and organic material), pH, conductivity, elevation and additional disturbances. Altogether, 249 vascular plant species were determined. Individual successional series in aquatic and littoral habitats differed between the altitudinal regions. As generally expected, water table was one of the main driving factors alongside age and water conductivity. Moreover, the vegetation pattern was significantly affected by substrate composition and pH. The species composition at aquatic sites was most likely mainly driven by the accumulation of organic material. Hydrophytes dominated throughout these sites. In littoral vegetation, several distinct groups of life forms could be distinguished along the successional gradient. The young sites typically included stress‐tolerant therophytes and hemicryptophytes. With age, woody species started to dominate at littoral sites at higher elevations, while perennial graminoids dominated at lowland sites. Spontaneous succession at aquatic and littoral sites leads to valuable semi‐natural stages and is recommended as a passive restoration option in disused sandpits.
Presentation and outcomes among inflammatory bowel disease patients with concurrent pneumatosis intestinalis: a case series and systematic review

Background/Aims Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerative colitis (UC), and the colon and/or small intestine with Crohn’s disease (CD). Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI), characterized by compromise of the intestinal wall with gas-filled cysts, has rarely been reported with IBD. The presentation, best management and outcomes of PI with IBD are poorly defined. Methods We conducted a search for PI in all abdominal computed tomography (CT) reports at 2 large tertiary care hospitals from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017, cross referenced to ICD codes for IBD. CT and chart review was performed to confirm PI and IBD respectively. A systematic review excluding case reports was performed for PI with IBD for comparison. Results Of 5,990 patients with a CT abdomen report mentioning PI, we identified 11 cases of PI with IBD, 4 UC, 6 CD, and 1 indeterminate colitis. PI was limited to the small bowel in 5 patients, the right colon in 5, and small bowel and colonic in 1. All 3 mortalities had CD, small intestinal PI and portal/mesenteric venous gas. The systematic literature search identified 9 articles describing 58 patients with IBD and PI. These cases were mostly included in larger cohorts of PI patients without extractable data on presentation or outcomes in the IBD subpopulation. Conclusions Ours appears to be the first reporting of presentations and outcomes, outside of case reports, for those with PI and IBD. The high mortality for those with CD and PI of the small bowel appears to define a group requiring more than supportive medical care.
Development of Brassica Napus L. Ogu-INRA CMS Restorers Using Recurrent Full-Sib Selection.

The Ogu-INRA CMS system in canola and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) uses a cytological variant of the radish- (Raphanus sativus L.) derived Ogu CMS pollination control system introduced through interspecific introgression. The restorers (R-lines) contain an introgression that is associated with poor agronomic performance due to a large undesired segment of the radish chromosome that was introgressed along with the Rfo gene. The introgression contains pentatricopeptide (PPR) motif repeats that confer fertility restoration abilities to the R-lines. The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that multiple cycles of intermating will result in R-lines with improved agronomic performance. A base population was developed by designing five R-line by R-line crosses. Twelve plants from each initial cross were grown and chain-crossed at random, without selection, other than the presence of the Rfo gene. Twelve flowers from each plant were crossed and the remainder of the plant was selfed. Three intermating crossing cycles (C0, C1 and C2) were completed and each was selfed three times for evaluation. Total pod number, seeds per pod, a visual pod rating, thousand seed weight and yield were evaluated. The visual pod rating showed a positive correlation with seeds per pod. Improvements for all traits were found at C0 and C1 when compared to the best parent. Individual families from two of the crosses showed a yield increase of over 78 % from the best parent. This suggests that improvements in yield components can be obtained from intermating R-lines.
A Proposed Framework for Developing User-Centred Mobile Healthcare Applications for the Biggest Annual Mass Gathering (Hajj) Post COVID-19

The Hajj pilgrimage being the largest annual mass gathering globally with two to three million participants from over 180 counties, will remain a high priority for diseases surveillance for future epidemics or any other international public health emergencies with rapid scalability. This paper highlights the importance of monitoring mass gatherings during a pandemic and how mHealth applications can reduce the burden on health facilities during a mass gathering and tackle future infectious diseases outbreaks. The paper also highlights the importance of developing a user-centred application when designing for a diverse group of users with a shared purpose. As a result, a framework has been proposed to update the current applications or design and develop future mobile health applications. The framework has been developed based on the rationale and evidence found in the literature. © Islam et al. Published by BCS Learning and Development Ltd.
Sensorless Real-time Force Estimation in Microsurgery Robots using a Time Series Convolutional Neural Network

Robotic-assisted microsurgeries provide several benefits to both patients and surgeons. Nevertheless, there are still some limitations and challenges associated with their outcome, one of which is a lack of force feedback. Without force information, the risk of delicate tissue damage from the excessive force applied by surgeons would be increased. Since it is difficult to install force sensors on microsurgical tools, a novel approach for estimating a force vector from the deformation of the surgical tool is proposed in this paper. In the proposed approach, a surgical instrument that deforms according to the magnitude of the tool-to-tissue force is designed, and a time series convolution neural network is used to make the nonlinear relationship between the visual information of the deformation of the surgical tool and the applied forces in such a way that the tool-to-tissue force can be estimated according to the deformation of the surgical instrument in a real-time manner. The experimental results prove that the applied force can be successfully estimated with high accuracy in three dimensions using the proposed method.
The effect of the isentropic exponent on the performance map of supercritical compressors with carbon dioxide as an example

In this paper, a study is conducted to identify the effect of the isentropic exponent on the compressors performance and on the representation of performance maps (i.e. polytropic efficiency and reduced enthalpy change in terms of reduced mass flow rate). Similarity analysis requires that the isentropic exponent is kept constant. This is, however, often not the case especially for fluids at supercritical state, where its value can vary by a factor of more than ten. Carbon dioxide in the supercritical state (sCO2) is selected as an example fluid given the high attention it has drawn lately. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized to compute the performance map of a single stage radial compressor for different isentropic exponents at the inlet. CFD predicts a reduction of the stage total polytropic efficiency with the increase of the isentropic exponent from 1.4 to 7.1. On the other hand, deviation of the reduced enthalpy are less pronounced with the results confined to a 1 percent band. Based on the results, a proposition to correlate compressors performance with the exit flow coefficient instead of the reduced mass flow rate is made. The correlation provides improved accuracy in the performance prediction with the reduction of the efficiency deviation to less than half a point.
A Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm, Utilizing Novelty Search and Local Optimization, Used to Design Convolutional Neural Networks for Handwritten Digit Recognition

: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are deep learning models that have been successfully applied to various computer vision tasks. The design of CNN topologies often requires extensive domain knowledge and a high degree of trial and error. In recent years, numerous Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) have been proposed to automate the design of CNNs. The search space of these EAs is very large and often deceptive, which entails great computational cost. In this work, we investigate the design of CNNs using Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP), an EA variant. We then augment the basic CGP with methods for identifying potential/actual local optima within the solution space (via Novelty Search), followed by further local optimization of each of the optima (via Simulated Annealing). This hybrid EA methodology is evaluated using the MNIST data-set for handwritten digit recognition. We demonstrate that the use of the proposed method results in considerable reduction of computational effort, when compared to the basic CGP approach, while still returning competitive results. Also, the CNNs designed by our method achieve competitive recognition results compared to other neuroevolutionary methods.
Spatial and economic assessment of butterfly-based handicrafts as a tourism service provided by rural populations

Butterfly-based handicraft activities are usually performed around or within natural reserves. Using these insects in a sustainable way by rural communities should address multiple factors, goals and conservation constraints. This study ranks tourist zones in Veracruz, México, to create and market butterfly-based handicrafts by applying a multicriteria analysis. We differentiated top zones where a segment of the rural population could benefit from this activity. Roads, butterfly diversity, and tourists emerge as key elements while protected areas and transport costs were considered as constraints. The economic value of the butterfly-based handicraft market was estimated as well.
A Multi-Perspective Proximity View on the Dynamic Head Region of the Ribosomal 40S Subunit

A comparison of overlapping proximity captures at the head region of the ribosomal 40S subunit (hr40S) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from four adjacent perspectives, namely Asc1/RACK1, Rps2/uS5, Rps3/uS3, and Rps20/uS10, corroborates dynamic co-localization of proteins that control activity and fate of both ribosomes and mRNA. Co-locating factors that associate with the hr40S are involved in (i) (de)ubiquitination of ribosomal proteins (Hel2, Bre5-Ubp3), (ii) clamping of inactive ribosomal subunits (Stm1), (iii) mRNA surveillance and vesicular transport (Smy2, Syh1), (iv) degradation of mRNA (endo- and exonucleases Ypl199c and Xrn1, respectively), (v) autophagy (Psp2, Vps30, Ykt6), and (vi) kinase signaling (Ste20). Additionally, they must be harmonized with translation initiation factors (eIF3, cap-binding protein Cdc33, eIF2A) and mRNA-binding/ribosome-charging proteins (Scp160, Sro9). The Rps/uS-BioID perspectives revealed substantial Asc1/RACK1-dependent hr40S configuration indicating a function of the β-propeller in context-specific spatial organization of this microenvironment. Toward resolving context-specific constellations, a Split-TurboID analysis emphasized the ubiquitin-associated factors Def1 and Lsm12 as neighbors of Bre5 at hr40S. These shuttling proteins indicate a common regulatory axis for the fate of polymerizing machineries for the biosynthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm and RNA/DNA in the nucleus.
STUDENTS’ EVALUATION OF ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSE COURSEBOOK ON PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AT NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Nghiên cứu nhằm tổng hợp những đánh giá từ học viên cao học tại Học viện Hành chính Quốc gia về giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Quản lý công họ đang sử dụng. Thực tế học phần tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Quản lý công là một trong những học phần chung bắt buộc ở học kỳ đầu tiên đối với học viên cao học tại Học viện Hành chính Quốc gia, song cho đến nay chưa có nghiên cứu nào đánh giá về sự phù hợp của cuốn giáo trình tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Quản lý công hiện đang dùng. Nghiên cứu này theo cách tiếp cận của một nghiên cứu định lượng, trong đó một bảng câu hỏi khảo sát được thiết kế dành cho đối tượng nghiên cứu là 117 học viên cao học tại Học viện Hành chính Quốc gia. Các kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra ưu điểm và những điểm chưa phù hợp của giáo trình. Giáo trình đã phần nào đáp ứng nhu cầu của người học như mục đích, nội dung học và giúp học viên phát triển phần nào các kỹ năng giao tiếp ngôn ngữ. Tuy nhiên, giáo trình còn một số điểm cần cải thiện để có thể đáp ứng tốt hơn nhu cầu của người học trong các khóa học sau. Nghiên cứu kỳ vọng đóng góp vào việc cải thiện giáo trình cho các khóa học sau cũng như cải thiện tốt hơn việc dạy và học Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành tại Học viện Hành chính Quốc gia.
“We Are from Nowhere”: A Qualitative Assessment of the Impact of Collective Trauma from the Perspective of Resettled Bhutanese Refugees

Background: Limited research has explored mental health concerns and collective trauma experienced by Bhutanese refugees due to their displacement from Bhutan, refugee camp life in Nepal, and resettlement to U.S. society. Purpose: To understand how collective trauma experienced by Bhutanese refugees influences the process of resettlement and integration into U.S. society to better address mental health concerns from the community. Methods: Qualitative data were collected through four focus groups (N=40) with Bhutanese refugee women in central Massachusetts from June to November of 2016 to discuss refugee resettlement experiences and mental health concerns. Findings: Bhutanese refugees shared insights on their resettlement experiences where several broader themes emerged, including historical collective trauma, closed-door culture, and processing mental health stigma. The displacement from Bhutan, hardships in Nepal refugee camps, and isolation in U.S. society led to a collective trauma among the community. Participants described America as having a closed-door culture that limits their integration into society, causing unique challenges based on their context of integration. The collective trauma also poses challenges toward processing mental health stigma, yet community building offers insights on how Bhutanese refugees can address these issues in collective spaces. Conclusions: The historical collective trauma must be considered when working with Bhutanese refugees to understand the context of their resettlement to address mental health concerns.
Disposition of Cefquinome in Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) Following Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration

The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in turkeys of cefquinome (CFQ), a broad-spectrum 4th-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, were explored after a single injection of 2 mg/kg body weight by intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) routes. In a crossover design and 3-weeks washout interval, seven turkeys were assigned for this objective. Blood samples were collected prior to and at various time intervals following each administration. The concentration of CFQ in plasma was measured using HPLC with a UV detector set at 266 nm. For pharmacokinetic analysis, non-compartmental methods have been applied. Following IV administration, the elimination half-life (t1/2ʎz), distribution volume at steady state (Vdss), and total body clearance (Cltot) of CFQ were 1.55 h, 0.54 L/kg, and 0.32 L/h/kg, respectively. Following the IM administration, CFQ was speedily absorbed with an absorption half-life (t1/2ab) of 0.25 h, a maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 2.71 μg/mL, attained (Tmax) at 0.56 h. The bioavailability (F) and in vitro plasma protein binding of CFQ were 95.56% and 11.5%, respectively. Results indicated that CFQ was speedily absorbed with a considerable bioavailability after IM administration. In conclusion, CFQ has a favorable disposition in turkeys that can guide to estimate optimum dosage regimes and eventually lead to its usage to eradicate turkey’s susceptible bacterial infections.
Deducing how tropical rhyssines (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) mate from body measurements

The biology of many Darwin wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) species is poorly known. Existing museum specimens can potentially be used to get information on e.g. how species live, what they eat, and what their life cycle is. One example of this is a 1991 study by Eggleton in which he measured some rhyssine (Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae) species, and used the results to deduce how the species likely mate. We extend this work by measuring five tropical species. We found no evidence that the males of our species scramble for females before the females emerge, which matches what was hypothesised by Eggleton. Further measurements of more species would provide information on how other species mate, and field observations of mating rhyssines would help confirm that Eggleton’s method for deducing rhyssine mating strategies gives true results.