Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism in Bangladesh

Abstract We examine the changing nature of an authoritarian regime, which is emerging from the social and political conditions shaped by the unconsolidated democracy in Bangladesh. Drawing on desk-based research combined with interviews from the field, we argue that the current form of the authoritarian regime in Bangladesh represents the characteristics of competitive authoritarianism. We find that authoritarianism in Bangladesh combines “election manipulation” with three additional social and political mechanisms: “marginalization of political oppositions” leading to the oppositional void, “institutionalization of authoritarian policies,” and “co-option of religious leaders. ” By adding these new mechanisms of authoritarian politics and tracing the links between politics and religion, we aim to expand the theory of competitive authoritarianism and unpack the puzzle of democratic consolidation in Bangladesh.
Comment on: A review of the complementary principle of evaporation: From the original linear relationship to generalized nonlinear functions by S. Han and F. Tian

The paper by Han and Tian (2020) reviews the history of developments in the complementary relationship (CR) between actual and potential evaporation and introduces the generalized complementary principle (GCP) developed by the authors. This comment assesses whether the GCP: (1) can give reasonable results from a wide range of surfaces worldwide; (2) is supported by experimental data that verify the three stages of evaporation implicit in the GCP, particularly in the wet-surface limit; (3) has been proven to be correct by the authors in a previous paper; and (4) is supported by model studies showing that wet surfaces occur predominantly during periods of large-scale moisture convergence. The assessment finds that arguments in favor of the GCP deserve to be taken seriously but ultimately remain unconvincing.
High Perspective Faster R-CNN

: In this paper the original Faster R-CNN model structure was improved to solve the problem of limited receptive fields. The RPN sub-module was combined with an attention layer to get a higher perspective, so that the new model can better analyze the whole picture information and highlight meaningful information. Experiments validate that our method achieves a new improvement for the object detection on PASCAL VOC2007 dataset. And when the change ratio of the middle multi-layer perceptron in the channel attention was set to 1, result reached the highest correct rate of 71%, more than the original model.
An auditory scaling method for reverb synthesis from a single two-dimensional image

: We present an auditory scaling method to generate reverberant sounds that more appropriately match the expected auditory impression of a space in a 2D image. Since the conventional method uses linear scale for the regression parameters of reverberation characteristics, correspondence with the human sense scale has been not considered. We have incorporated concepts from psychoacoustics into the reverberate parameters to improve regression performance in an actual environment, including the sound-masking eﬀect, equal-loudness curves, and subjectively-equal reverberation time. Estimation errors in our scaling method were signiﬁcantly lower than in comparison with previously presented results. The proposed reverb synthesis method was then evaluated in tests, using several scenes to demonstrate its beneﬁts. Our reverb synthesis method can reproduce plausible reverberant sounds from 2D images, which can be used in mixed and augmented-reality applications.
An Effective Multi-node Charging Scheme for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

With the maturation of wireless charging technology, Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs) has become a promising solution for prolong network lifetimes. Recently studies propose to employ a mobile charger (MC) to simultaneously charge multiple sensors within the same charging range, such that the charging performance can be improved. In this paper, we aim to jointly optimize the number of dead sensors and the energy usage effectiveness in such multi-node charging scenarios. We achieve this by introducing the partial charging mechanism, meaning that instead of following the conventional way that each sensor gets fully charged in one time step, our work allows MC to fully charge a sensor by multiple times. We show that the partial charging mechanism causes minimizing the number of dead sensors and maximizing the energy usage effectiveness to conflict with each other. We formulate this problem and develop a multi-node temporal spatial partial-charging algorithm (MTSPC) to solve it. The optimality of MTSPC is proved, and extensive simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of MTSPC.
Mindfulness in medical education: Students’ perceptions and four recommendations for implementation of a mindfulness intervention

Background: Faculties of Medicine around the globe have implemented mindfulness-based curricula to deal with medical student’s burnout, anxiety and depression. The purpose of this qualitative study is to assess students’ perception of a mandatory mindfulness intervention and their recommendations for further curricula development and implementation.Methods: Third-year medical students participated in a mandatory three-hour mindfulness workshop embedded in their family medicine academic week. Eleven students consented to two interviews which explored their perceptions of mindfulness and the workshop in relation to their personal and professional wellbeing as well as their views for the implementation of a longitudinal mindfulness curriculum.Results: Student and institutional benefits and barriers relating to the curriculum were identified. Student’s benefits included positive changes in stress, self-awareness and personally that also translated into self-reported better patient care. Students reported lack of time, forgetting to practice and lack of knowledge about mindfulness as barriers. Institutional pride for their support of student wellness and an overfilled curriculum, were the major institutional benefits and barriers respectively, to the expansion of this curriculum. Among developing an implementing a longitudinal mindfulness curriculum, we found four key features to consider: Firstly to engage the stakeholders; secondly, to incorporate the mindfulness intervention into the curriculum with both a mandatory and elective component; thirdly, to emphasize the clinical implications of the mindfulness intervention and fourthly, to have protected time for wellness interventions.Conclusions: Introducing mindfulness into the undergraduate medical school curriculum through this workshop resulted in perceived personal, institutional and professional benefits. For faculties of medicine that want to implement a mindfulness intervention, we found four key components for implementing a mindfulness intervention in their institutions. Further research is needed to better quantify the benefits and to identify ways to manage barriers at both individual and institutional levels.
Graphene/β‐MnO2 composites—synthesis and its electroanalytical properties study in the Mg storage battery

Graphene/β‐MnO2 composites were synthesized via ultrasonication method, followed by calcination at 400°C for 4 hours. The structural properties of synthesized graphene and graphene/β‐MnO2 composites were systematically studied using different instruments, such as XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDX, XPS and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, magnesium storage performance was scientifically studied using various electroanalytical characterizations like galvanostatic charge/discharge, electrochemical impedance spectra and cyclic voltammetry. The GNS/β‐MnO2‐20% composite displays the discharge capacity of 110 mAh/g within 60 cycles at a current density of 25 mA/g, which is an excellent rate capability, and magnesium storage performance around 100 cycles. There is a significant improvement in electrochemical properties of GNS/β‐MnO2‐20% composite materials as cathode for magnesium storage system due to the synergetic interaction between a pure β‐MnO2 particle and graphene sheet.
A hybrid model of modified constraint induced movement therapy to improve upper extremity performance in children with unilateral upper extremity paresis: Retrospective case series

Introduction The study aims were to assess impact of an intensive camp-based intervention using a hybrid model of modified constraint induced movement therapy with bimanual therapy in children with upper extremity impairment, and to see if improvements persisted over time. Method Twenty subjects participated. Eight subjects attended camp 2 years in a row, and 12 subjects attended camp only 1 year. The Assisting Hand Assessment and Children’s Hand-use Experience Questionnaire were administered before and after camp. Assisting Hand Assessment and Children’s Hand-use Experience Questionnaire scores were compared between assessments using linear mixed effects models, adjusting for covariates (age and Manual Ability Classification System level) and the repeated measures within subjects. Results Assisting Hand Assessment score improved during the intervention phase for subjects at all Manual Ability Classification System levels (p ≤ 0.0001). Improvement was maintained long-term at 1 year post. Children’s Hand-use Experience Questionnaire scores for grasp efficacy and time taken were significantly improved during intervention but not maintained at 1 year post. The feeling bothered dimension showed no significant change over time. Conclusion A hybrid model of modified constraint induced movement therapy and bimanual therapy was effective in improving bimanual function for children with varying levels of neurologic hemiparesis, with changes maintained long-term.
Logging Inter-Thread Data Dependencies in Linux Kernel

SUMMARY Logging is a practical and useful way of diagnosing failures in software systems. The logged events are crucially important to learning what happened during a failure. If key events are not logged, it is almost impossible to track error propagations in the diagnosis. Tracking an error propagation becomes utterly complicated if inter-thread data dependency is involved. An inter-thread data dependency arises when one thread accesses to share data corrupted by another thread. Since the erroneous state propagates from a buggy thread to a failing thread through the corrupt shared data, the root cause cannot be tracked back solely by investigating the failing thread. This paper presents the design and implementation of K9 , a tool that inserts logging code automatically to trace inter-thread data dependencies. K9 is designed to be “practical”; it scales to one million lines of code in C, causes negligible runtime overheads, and provides clues to tracking inter-thread dependencies in real-world bugs. To scale to one million lines of code, K9 ditches rigorous static analysis of pointers to detect code locations where inter-thread data dependency can occur. Instead, K9 takes the best-e ﬀ ort approach and ﬁnds out “most” of those code locations by making use of coding conventions. This paper demonstrates that K9 is applicable to Linux and captures relevant code locations, in spite of the best-e ﬀ ort approach, enough to provide useful clues to root causes in real-world bugs, including a previously unknown bug in Linux. The paper also shows K9 runtime overhead is negligible. K9 incurs 1.25% throughput degradation and 0.18% CPU usage increase, on average, in our evaluation.
SICK BUILDING SYNDROME AND JOB PERFORMANCE IN WOMEN FACTORY WORKERS

Objective: To investigate the relationship between sick building syndrome (SBS) and job performance of women factory workers. Methodology: This was a correlational study. A sample of 200 women working in different industrial sectors including pharmaceuticals, hosiery, polyester fiber, and stitching units was recruited with purposive sampling technique,. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)1 was employed to assess sick building syndrome while Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ)2 was used to assess job performance. Results: Results for correlation analyses revealed significant relationship between SBS and job performance while demographic variables including age, family system, working hours as negatively correlated with SBS and job performance. Moreover, SBS was found to be a significant negative predictor of job performance, while age was found to be a significant negative predictor of contextual and adaptive performance domains of job performance. Conclusion: It was concluded that SBS negatively affects the performance level of the factory workers.
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Ligusticum sinense, as a Chinese herb to treat toothache in China

Abstract Ligusticum sinense is a popular herb in Chinese medicine. The circular double-stranded complete chloroplast genome of L. sinense was 146,342 bp in length, exhibiting a typical quadripartite structure. It contained a large single-copy region (LSC) of 91,788 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 17,618 bp and two identical inverted repeat (IR) regions of 18,468 bp each. The overall nucleotide composition of chloroplast genome sequence is: A (30.8%), T (31.6%), C (19.2%), G (19.4%) and the total G + C content of 38.6%. The chloroplast genome contained 127 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA genes and 8 ribosomal RNA genes were annotated. The total of 15 genes duplicated in one of the IR, including 6 tRNA, 4 rRNA, and 5 protein-coding genes. The ML phylogenetic tree indicated that L. sinense is closely related to L. tenuissimum in the phylogenetic relationship.
Extraordinary Response of H-Charged and H-Free Coherent Grain Boundaries in Nickel to Multiaxial Loading

The cohesive strength of Σ 3, Σ 5, and Σ 11 grain boundaries (GBs) in clean and hydrogen-segregated fcc nickel was systematically studied as a function of the superimposed transverse biaxial stresses using ab initio methods. The obtained results for H-free GBs revealed a quite different response of the coherent twinning boundary Σ 3 to the applied transverse stresses in comparison to the other GB types. While the cohesive strength of Σ 5 and Σ 11 GBs increased with increasing level of tensile transverse stresses, the strength of Σ 3 GB remained constant for any applied levels of transverse stresses. In the case of GBs with segregated hydrogen, the cohesive strength of Σ 3 was distinctly reduced for all levels of transverse stresses, while the strength reduction of Σ 5 and Σ 11 GBs was significant only for a nearly isotropic (hydrostatic) triaxial loading. This extraordinary response explains a high susceptibility of Σ 3 GBs to crack initiation, as recently reported in an experimental study. Moreover, a highly triaxial stress at the fronts of microcracks initiated at Σ 3 boundaries caused a strength reduction of adjacent high-energy grain boundaries which thus became preferential sites for further crack propagation.
ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR USING E-MONEY WITH A TAM APPROACH (TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL)

E-money is a non-cash electronic payment instrument that is currently growing rapidly in Indonesia. Based on Bank Indonesia data, there are already 39 banking and non-bank companies that have obtained permits to issue e-money products. This study aims to determine and analyze perceptions of the benefits of attitudes, perceptions of ease of attitudes, levels of trust in interests, attitudes affect interests, and interests influence behavior using E-Money.The population in this study were all e-money users in the Java Island region. Samples taken in this study are some e-money users in the Java Island region, amounting to 200 respondents. Sampling using non-probability techniques with convenience sampling method and research models were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM), using the help of AMOS software.The results of this study indicate that the perception of benefits has a significant positive effect on attitude, the perception of ease has a significant positive effect on attitude, the level of trust has a significant positive effect on interest, attitude has a significant positive effect on interest and interest has a significant positive effect on behavior using e-money.
Nothing More than Feelings? How Emotions Affect Attitude Change during the 2016 General Election Debates

ABSTRACT We examine the role that emotion plays in understanding people’s reactions to the presidential candidates during two of the three general election debates between Republican Donald Trump and Democrat Hillary Clinton. To measure the impact of emotions on people’s attitudes toward the candidates, we run studies at two large public universities. We are able to measure changes in attitudes and responses to the candidates after exposure to each debate. In addition, we explore real-time reaction to the candidates by employing facial expression software to assess people’s emotional responses during the debate. We show that people who watched the first and third presidential debate are much more likely to change their evaluations of the presidential rivals, compared to people who did not view these debates. We also show that people’s displays of emotion are related to their willingness to change their views of the candidates. For example, when people are displaying anger and joy, they are less likely to change their evaluations of the presidential candidates during the course of the debate. Furthermore, we find that when people show fear and sadness, their views of the candidates become less polarized over the length of the debates. These results show how different emotions influence the candidate evaluation process.
Condition-Based Maintenance for Offshore Wind Turbines Based on Support Vector Machine

A condition-based maintenance policy for offshore wind turbines is presented in consideration of the maintenance uncertainty and the weather effect. In this paper, the offshore wind turbine is divided into four main assemblies—namely, the rotor, gearbox, generator, and pitch system. The support vector machine classification technique is implemented to analyze the failure information, which was collected from field data in China. According to the results of fault diagnosis and prediction, the assembly that reaches the corresponding maintenance threshold will be repaired. At the same time, a maintenance opportunity occurs for the rest of the components, and an optimized plan can be determined by arranging the maintenance combination and time. The calculated results indicate that the proposed condition-based maintenance policy is beneficial to reduce the maintenance expenditure of offshore wind turbines.
More Evidence that Math Anxiety is Specific to Math in Young Children: The Correlates of the Math Anxiety Questionnaire for Children (MAQC)

Although interest in math anxiety in young children has recently increased, the results of previous studies on math anxiety correlates are inconsistent. The article presents the results of two studies conducted among early school-age learners (6–11 years) where the Math Anxiety Questionnaire for Children (MAQC) was used. The results indicate that the MAQC score (a) positively and moderately/strongly correlates with math anxiety scores obtained with other scales, (b) positively and mainly moderately correlates with general and test anxiety, (c) and negatively and weakly/moderately correlates with math achievement. Negative, weak, and significant relationships between math anxiety and math achievement occur even if general and test anxiety are controlled. Moreover, the results of the group comparison test show that children with a high level of math self-esteem have lower math anxiety than children with medium math self-esteem and this effect is large. Children with medium and high Polish language self-esteem do not differ from each other in math anxiety. It may be concluded that math anxiety in young children is a specific kind of anxiety, and its correlates are similar to those in secondary school-age children, adolescents, and adults.
Towards neuromorphic control: A spiking neural network based PID controller for UAV

: In this work, we present a spiking neural network(SNN) based PID controller on a neuromorphic chip. On-chipSNNs are currently being explored in low-power AI applications.Due to potentially ultra-low power consumption, low latency,and high processing speed, on-chip SNNs are a promising toolfor control of power-constrained platforms, such as UnmannedAerial Vehicles (UAV). To obtain highly eﬀicient and fast end-to-end neuromorphic controllers, the SNN-based AI architecturesmust be seamlessly integrated with motor control. Towards thisgoal, we present here the first implementation of a fully neu-romorphic PID controller. We interfaced Intel’s neuromorphicresearch chip Loihi to a UAV, constrained to a single degreeof freedom. We developed an SNN control architecture usingpopulations of spiking neurons, in which each spike carriesinformation about the measured, control, or error value, definedby the identity of the spiking neuron. Using this sparse code,we realize a precise PID controller. The P, I
The influence of alkaline treatment on acoustical, morphological, tensile and thermal properties of Kenaf natural fibers

Among fibers with lignocellulosic origin, Kenaf fiber, because of its advantages and as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fibers has received increasing attention for manufacturing hybrid composites with reasonable acoustical and physical properties. The present study deals with the impact of chemical treatment of Kenaf fibers on the overall properties of hybrid composites fabricated from these fibers. Also, the results from predictive analytical model of sound absorption for these composites were employed for comparison with the experimental findings. Kenaf fibers were treated at room temperature with 6% concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 4 h immersion time. Having manufactured the composites with the treated and untreated fibers, the normal sound absorption coefficients and tensile strength properties of these sample composites were determined according to ISO 10534-2 and ASTM C1557 − 14, respectively. The SEM analysis of the treated and untreated fibers revealed that in terms of fiber diameter and morphology the former was thinner and had better surface appearance. The experimental measurement of acoustic absorption coefficients of the composites made of treated fibers demonstrated superior sound absorption properties and tensile strength. The revised empirical models proposed by Delany & Bazley and Garai & Pompoli along with Nelder-Mead simplex method were employed and well predicted the sound absorption coefficients of the sample composites. There was also a fair consistency between the experimental and predicted results.
Handling of incongruences in music notation during singing or playing

During music reading, performers create expectations of the upcoming music. When these expectations are violated due to changes in the notation, performers have to adjust their reading and adapt their motor responses to match this new information. In this study, we examine how selected background, outcome, and process measures reflect the successful handling of incongruences during music reading. Twenty-four performers were tasked with singing or playing versions of “Mary had a little lamb” in two different tonalities. Some versions contained a surprising element: a bar shifted down a tone. Selected outcome and process measures, such as performance accuracy and eye-movements during music reading (eye-time span, duration of first-pass fixations and pupil dilation), were analyzed. In sum, incongruence in music notation not only increased the number of performance mistakes, but incongruent melodies also led to micro-level changes in the reading processes. We propose that understanding the cognitive strategies for successful music reading requires going beyond the more traditional outcome measures and focus on the detailed analyses of the reading process itself.