Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Global Vegetable Supply Chain and on Farm Performance in West Java, Indonesia

Global market provides opportunities for business owners to grow their business. However, to what extent farmers – as one of business owners – take benefits from the global markers remains unclear. This paper aims to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on farmers’ involvement in global supply chain, in turn on farm performance. The data were gathered from a survey of 320 samples of vegetable farmers in three regions in West Java, Indonesia. Using PLS analysis, our findings demonstrate that farmers with higher entrepreneurial orientation (reflected by dimensions of innovativeness, proactiveness, risk taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy), involve more in global supply chain, and gain higher farm performance. Ultimately, the more farmers involve in global supply chain, the higher their farm performance. Our findings provide an empirical support for the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on enabling farmers’ ability to involve in broader supply chains beyond the domestic ones. As a consequence, farmers enjoy better farm performance.
Radiative budget in the presence of multi-layered aerosol structures in the framework of AMMA SOP-0

This paper presents radiative transfer calculations performed over Niamey in the UV-Visible range over the period 26th January–1st February 2006 during the African Multidisciplinary Monsoon Analysis (AMMA) international program. Climatic effects of aerosols along the vertical column have required an accurate determination of their optical properties, which are presented here for a variety of instrumented platforms: Ultralight aircraft, Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) research aircraft, AERONET station. Measurements highlighted the presence of a multi-layered structure of mineral dust located below and biomass-burning particles in the more elevated layers. Radiative forcing was affected by both the scattering and absorption effects governed by the aerosol complex refractive index (ACRI). The best agreement between our results and AERONET optical thicknesses, ground-based extinction measurements and NO 2 photolysis rate coefficient was found using the synergy between all the instrumented platforms. The corresponding averaged ACRI at 355 nm were 1.53 (±0.04) −0.047i (±0.006) and 1.52 (±0.04) −0.008i (±0.001) for biomass-burning and mineral dust aerosols, respectively. Biomass-burning aerosols were characterized by single-scattering albedo ranging from 0.78 to 0.82 and asymmetry parameter ranging from 0.71 to 0.73. For dust aerosols, single-scattering albedo (asymmetry parameter) ranged from 0.9 to 0.92 (0.73 to 0.75). The solar energy depletion at the surface is shown to be ~−21.2 (±1.7) W/m 2 as a daily average. At the TOA, the radiative forcing appeared slightly negative but very close to zero (~−1.4 W/m 2 ). The corresponding atmospheric radiative forcing was found to be ~19.8 (±2.3) W/m 2 . Mineral dust located below a more absorbing layer act as an increase in surface reflectivity of ~3–4%. The radiative forcing is also shown to be highly sensitive to the optical features of the different aerosol layers (ACRI, optical thickness and aerosol vertical distribution).
Analyzing control-flow and data-flow in workflow processes in a unified way

Workflow correctness properties are usually defined based on one workflow perspective only, e.g. the control-flow or the data-flow. In this paper we consider workflow correctness criteria looking at the control flow extended with the read/write/destroy information for data items. We formalize some common control-flow errors, and we introduce behavioral anti-patterns related to the handling of data. In addition to extending, refining, and classifying existing methods, our paper provides a unifying framework for complete workflow verification, using the well-known, stable, adaptable, and effective model-checking approach.
Plausible effect of atmospheric tides on the equatorial ionosphere observed by the FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC: Three‐dimensional electron density structures

The plausible effect of atmospheric tides on the longitudinal structure of the equatorial ionosphere is observed by the FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC (F3/C) constellation during September Equinox, 2006, near solar minimum. The longitudinal structure was first reported in IMAGE satellite airglow observations at the far‐ultraviolet (FUV) 135.6‐nm wavelength during March Equinox, 2002, near solar maximum. The global three‐dimensional ionospheric electron density observed by F3/C shows a prominent four‐peaked wave‐like longitudinal enhancement in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The vertical electron density structures observed by F3/C reveal that the feature exists mainly above 250 km altitude indicating that the feature is an F‐region phenomenon. The four longitudinal F‐region enhancements of the EIA peaks may result from a stronger equatorial plasma fountain at each longitude region produced by a stronger F‐region eastward electric field transmitted along the magnetic field lines from E‐region where longitudinal variations in atmospheric tides affect the ionospheric dynamo process.
ULTRA WIDEBAND ROSE LEAF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

In this paper a novel rose leaf shape microstrip antenna with capacitively coupled rectangular fed is presented. Various shapes of capacitive coupled fed are compared and optimized by successive iterations of a computer-aided analysis. The Ansoft HFSS is employed for analysis at the frequency band of 4.3 GHz–8.3 GHz. The antenna is fabricated and measurement results show a very good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed antenna is able to achieve an impedance bandwidth about 69%. Effects of varying the parameters on the performance of the antenna have also been studied. The proposed antenna can be used in wireless ultra-wideband (UWB) communication.
SWOT Analysis for Adopting of Big Data in the Higher Education Institutions (Yemen)

Big Data offers many opportunities to higher education institutions. This paper explores the attributes of big data that are relevant to higher educational institutions, investigates the factors influencing adoption of big data and analytics in higher education institutions and seeks to establish the limiting factors hindering the benefit of the use of big data in higher educational institutions. We review the most important strengths and weaknesses of the higher educational institutions in Yemen in order to make the SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis to determine the situation regarding the adoption of the Big Data project. The results from the SWOT analysis indicated that the strengths points of Yemen's higher educational institutions are good and appropriate indicators for adopting Big Data project that will strengthen them, reduce weakness and eliminate associated threats. The paper concluded that Big Data offers higher education institutions in Yemen the opportunities to benefit from their information resources on electronic media to be used to improve educational quality and guide students, colleges and universities; and therefore it is good to recommend these institutions carry out investments in Big Data project and in people to benefit from this project. This is because Big Data can afford education institutions the opportunities to form a modern and dynamic education system.
The energetics response to a warmer climate: relative contributions from the transient and stationary eddies

Abstract. We use the Lorenz Energy Cycle (LEC) to evaluate changes in global energetic activity due to CO2-doubling in the coupled atmosphere-ocean ECHAM5/MPI-OM model. Globally, the energetic activity – measured as the total conversion rate of available potential energy into kinetic energy – decreases by about 4 %. This weakening results from a dual response that consists of a strengthening of the LEC in the upper-troposphere and a weakening in the lower and middle troposphere. This is fully consistent with results from a coarser resolution version of the same coupled model. We further use our experiments to investigate the individual contributions of the transient and stationary eddy components to the main energetics response. The transient eddy terms have a larger contribution to the total energetic activity than the stationary ones. We find that this is also true in terms of their 2 × CO2-response. Changes in the transient eddy components determine the main energetics response, whereas the stationary eddy components have very small contributions. Hence, the dual response – strengthening in the upper troposphere and weakening below – concerns mainly the transient eddy terms. We can relate qualitatively this response to the two main features of the 2 × CO2 warming pattern: (a) the tropical upper-tropospheric warming increases the pole-to-equator temperature gradient – strengthening the energetic activity above – and enhances static stability – weakening the energetic activity below; and (b) the high-latitude surface warming decreases the pole-to-equator temperature gradient in the lower troposphere – weakening the energetic activity below. Despite the small contribution from the stationary eddies to the main energetics response, changes in stationary eddy available potential energy (Pse) reflect some features of the warming pattern: stronger land-sea contrasts at the subtropics and weaker land-sea contrasts at the high northern latitudes affect Pse regionally, but do not affect the global energetics response.
Molecular phylogenetics of the Neanthes acuminata (Annelida: Nereididae) species complex

Reish, D.J., Anderson, F.E. , Horn, K.M. and Hardege, J. 2014. Molecular phylogenetics of the Neanthes acuminata (Annelida: Nereididae) species complex . Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 271-278. The Neanthes acuminata (Nereididae) species complex is a broadly distributed group of marine benthic polychaetous annelids that is known by many names around the world and comprises at least four species. They are the only nereidids known that show exclusively male parental care. The female dies after laying her eggs in a common mucoid tube where they are fertilized, and the male incubates the eggs until the young leave the tube. All of the species in the N. acuminata complex are identical in their morphological characteristics and they all possess a similar number of segments and paragnath distribution and similarly shaped parapodia. However, populations from the U.S. East Coast, southern California, Hawaii and Portugal differ in chromosome number. Eye and egg colour also vary among populations—some worms in southern California have red eyes and produce bright yellow/orange eggs, while others have black eyes and produce pale yellow eggs. These variations suggest that N. acuminata may represent multiple evolutionarily significant units. Clarification of the phylogenetic relationships among lineages in this species complex will provide a framework for studying character evolution and revising taxonomy within this intriguing group of nereidids. To that end, we sequenced regions of one nuclear and two mitochondrial genes from worms sampled from multiple sites in North America (southern California, Mexico and Connecticut), the central Pacific (Hawaii) and Europe (Germany, Portugal and the UK). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of these data clarify relationships in this complex and show that worms sampled from California and Mexico represent two geographically intermingled subclades. These two subclades are congruent with eye and egg colour data; one subclade consists of red-eyed worms, the other consists of black-eyed worms. Furthermore, we found evidence that individuals representing these subclades can occasionally be found at the same locality.
Temperature Stress Induced Antioxidative and Biochemical Changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

The aim of this study is to understand the effect of elevated temperature on wheat seedlings of four cultivars, Gayetri (GY), Gandhari (GN), Kedar (KD), PBW343 in terms of tolerance/susceptibility , along with antioxidative and biochemical responses. For this, seedlings of four cultivars were exposed to different temperatures ranging from 25-40 0 C for six hours. According to heat susceptibility index calculated GN was found to be heat tolerant, PBW343 heat sensitive and the other two, GY and KD moderately tolerant. Exposure to high temperature led to gradual increase in membrane lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. H 2 O 2 and malonaldehyde accumulated to much higher amount in leaf tissues of PBW343 and GY than GN and KD. Among antioxidative enzymes, catalase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase activity initially increased at 35 0 C, followed by reduced activity under heat stress in all cultivars. However, peroxidase activity continued to increase under heat stress. Total chlorophyll and non enzymatic antioxidant carotenoids, initially increased upto 30 0 C, following which there was gradual decrease in these components. Compatible osmolytes - proline and total sugar level within cellular compartments were enhanced upto 35 0 C. Results suggested that wheat can endure heat induced oxidative stress up to certain period, manifested by elevation of non enzymatic antioxidants and osmo protectants, as well as upregulation of antioxidative enzymes.
Changes in net ecosystem productivity and greenhouse gas exchange with fertilization of Douglas fir: Mathematical modeling in ecosys

[1] The application of nitrogen fertilizers to Douglas fir forests is known to raise net ecosystem productivity (NEP), but also N2O emissions, the CO2 equivalent of which may offset gains in NEP when accounting for net greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange. However, total changes in NEP and N2O emissions caused by fertilizer between times of application and harvest, while needed for national GHG inventories, are difficult to quantify except through modeling. In this study, integrated hypotheses for soil and plant N processes within the ecosystem model ecosys were tested against changes in CO2 and N2O fluxes recorded with eddy covariance (EC) and surface flux chambers for 1 year after applying 20 g N m −2 of urea to a mature Douglas fir stand in British Columbia. Parameters from annual regressions of hourly modeled versus measured CO2 fluxes conducted before and after fertilization were unchanged (b = 1.0, R 2 = 0.8, RMSD = 3.4 mmol m −2 s −1 ), indicating that model hypotheses for soil and plant N processes did not introduce bias into CO2 fluxes modeled after fertilization. These model hypotheses were then used to project changes in NEP and GHG exchange attributed to the fertilizer during the following 10 years until likely harvest of the Douglas fir stand. Increased CO2 uptake caused modeled and EC‐derived annual NEP to rise from 443 and 386 g C m −2 in the year before fertilization to 591 and 547 g C m −2 in the year after. These gains contributed to a sustained rise in modeled wood C production with fertilization, which was partly offset by a decline in soil C attributed in the model to reduced root C productivity and litterfall. Gains in net CO2 uptake were further offset in the model by a rise of 0.74 g N m −2 yr −1 in N2O emissions during the first year after fertilization, which was consistent with one of 1.05 g N m −2 yr −1 estimated from surface flux chamber measurements. Further N2O emissions were neither modeled nor measured after the first year. At the end of the 11 year model projection, a total C sequestration of 1045 g C m −2 was attributed to the 20 g N m −2 of fertilizer. However, only 119 g C m −2 of this was sequestered in stocks that would remain on site after harvest (foliage, root, litter, soil). The remainder was sequestered as harvested wood, the duration of which would depend on use of the wood product. The direct and indirect CO2‐equivalent costs of this application, including N2O emission, were estimated to offset almost all non‐harvested C sequestration attributed to the fertilizer.
The variation of apparent crown size and canopy heterogeneity across lowland Amazonian forests

Aim: The size structure of a forest canopy is an important descriptor of the forest environment that may yield information on forest biomass and ecology. However, its variability at regional scales is poorly described or understood because of the still prohibitive cost of very high-resolution imagery as well as the lack of an appropriate methodology. We here employ a novel approach to describe and map the canopy structure of tropical forests. Location Amazonia. Methods: We apply Fourier transform textural ordination (FOTO) techniques to subsamples of very high-resolution satellite imagery freely available through virtual globe software (e.g. Google Earth®) to determine two key structural variables: apparent mean crown size and heterogeneity in crown size. A similar approach is used with artificial forest canopy images generated by the light interaction model (discrete anisotropic radiative transfer, DART) using three-dimensional stand models. The effects of sun and viewing angles are explored on both model and real data. Results: It is shown that in the case of canopies dominated by a modal size class our approach can predict mean canopy size to an accuracy of 5%. In Amazonia, we could evidence a clear macrostructure, despite considerable local variability. Apparent crown size indeed consistently increases from about 14 m in wet north-west Amazonia to more than 17 m for areas of intermediate dry season length (1–3 months) in south and east Amazonia, before decreasing again towards the ecotone with the Cerrado savanna biome. This general trend reflects the known variation of other forest physiognomic properties (height) reported for South America and Africa. Some regions show significantly greater canopy heterogeneity, a feature that may be related to substratum, perturbation rate and/or forest turnover rate. Main conclusions: Our results demonstrate the feasibility and interest of large-scale assessment of rain forest canopy structure
Medical student's perception of traditional method and power point use for lecture delivery at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Many studies have shown that students now desire the use of modern technology during lecture delivery which can enhance their overall learning experience. The long-established traditional method of delivering lectures by just dictating notes without the use of teaching aids appear obsolete. This study explores clinical medical student’s perception of methods of lecture delivery in the College of Health Sciences, University of Port-Harcourt. It will also identify the students preferred method of lecture delivery; students lecture needs; highlight factors that affect the quality of lecture delivery and recommend ways of improving the students overall learning experience. Finally, it will serve as a template for future quantitative studies on this subject. This was a cross-sectional descriptive qualitative study that involved medical students in year 4, 5 and 6 doing postings in Preventive and Social Medicine, Medicine and Surgery, Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology. The duration of the study was 3 weeks from 11th April 2011 to 2nd May 2011. Three hundred students that were present in the lectures of the various classes gave their consent verbally to the researchers and were enrolled for the study. Sixty four were in the year 4 class, 91 were in the year 5 class and 145 were in the year six class. They were administered a questionnaire each by the researchers. The results were analyzed and simple descriptive statistics were used to describe the basic features of the data. Out of 300 students, only 295 returned their questionnaires giving a response rate of 98.33%. The demographic data showed that the age range was 19 to 33 years. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. For majority of students’ 220 (74.58%) lectures were delivered using the traditional (dictation of notes) method and most of them 200 (67.80%) were not satisfied with this method. Their preferred/commonest lecture need was power point presentation during lectures. Majority of the students 206 (69.83%) welcomed the opportunity to have more interactive sections during lectures. Factors that militated against satisfactory learning were lack of teaching aids, poor learning environment, and lack of reference books. This study established that the traditional method (dictating of lecture notes) was the dominant method of lecture delivery in the clinical medical students lecture series of the College of Health Sciences of University of Port Harcourt. The students preferred lecture method was the use of multimedia Microsoft Power Point presentation. To improve the overall learning experience of the students, the University authorities should address the factors like lack of teaching aids and poor learning environment that militated against adequate learning.
Multilevel Multiple Imputation in presence of interactions, non-linearities and random slopes

Multiple Imputation is a flexible tool to handle missing data that has been increasingly used in recent years. One of the conditions for its validity is that the two models used for (i) imputing and (ii) analysing the data need to be compatible. For example, when the partially observed data have a multilevel structure, both models need to reflect this. Choosing an appropriate imputation model is more complicated when data are missing in a variable included in the substantive multilevel analysis model as a covariate with a random slope, an interaction or a non-linear term. We propose an imputation method based on joint modelling of the partially observed variables. We factor this joint model in two parts: a joint distribution for the covariates, and a conditional distribution for the outcome given the covariates. We guarantee compatibility by using as second term the substantive analysis model. We fit this model with a Gibbs sampler, and we use a Metropolis-Hastings step to accept/reject the proposed draws for the missing values, to guarantee that they are actual random draws from the desired distribution. We show with simulations how this method is up to the job and overcomes competing imputation strategies.