Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exact solutions in multi-species exclusion processes

The exclusion process has been the default model for the transportation phenomenon. One fundamental issue is to compute the exact formulae analytically. Such formulae enable us to obtain the limiting distribution through asymptotics analysis, and they also allow us to uncover relationships between different processes, and even between very different systems. Extensive results have been reported for single-species systems, but few for multi-component systems and mixtures. In this thesis, we focus on multi-species exclusion processes, and propose two approaches for exact solutions. The first one is due to duality, which is defined by a function that co-varies in time with respect to the evolution of two processes. It relates physical quantities, such as the particle flow, in a system with many particles to one with few particles, so that the quantity of interest in the first process can be calculated explicitly via the second one. Historically, published dualities have mostly been found by trial and error. Only very recently have attempts been made to derive these functions algebraically. We propose a new method to derive dualities systematically, by exploiting the mathematical structure provided by the deformed quantum KnizhnikZamolodchikov equation. With this method, we not only recover the well-known self-duality in single-species asymmetric simple exclusion processes (ASEPs), and also obtain the duality for two-species ASEPs. Solving the master equation is an alternative method. We consider an exclusion process with 2 species particles: the AHR (Arndt-Heinzl-Rittenberg) model and give a full derivation of its Green’s function via coordinate Bethe ansatz. Hence using the Green’s function, we obtain an integral formula for its joint current distributions, and then study its limiting distribution with step type initial conditions. We show that the long-time behaviour is governed by a product of the Gaussian and the Gaussian unitary ensemble (GUE) Tracy-Widom distributions, which is related to the random matrix theory. Such result agrees with the prediction made by the nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamic theory (NLFHD). This is the first analytic verification of the prediction of NLFHD in a multi-species system.
Closed form root of a linear Klein–Gordon equation

In this paper, solution of the linear version of Klein-Gordon equation is considered via the application of natural transform combined with decomposition method. Hereafter, referred to as natural decomposition method (NDM). This proposed method shows viable improvement and reliability in usage compared to the classical natural transform. Illustrative example(s) are considered, and the solution (root) is shown to follow a closed form. Therefore, the NDM is recommended for highly nonlinear differential models both in pure and applied sciences.
Planar in-hand manipulation via motion cones

In this article, we present the mechanics and algorithms to compute the set of feasible motions of an object pushed in a plane. This set is known as the motion cone and was previously described for non-prehensile manipulation tasks in the horizontal plane. We generalize its construction to a broader set of planar tasks, such as those where external forces including gravity influence the dynamics of pushing, or prehensile tasks, where there are complex frictional interactions between the gripper, object, and pusher. We show that the motion cone is defined by a set of low-curvature surfaces and approximate it by a polyhedral cone. We verify its validity with thousands of pushing experiments recorded with a motion tracking system. Motion cones abstract the algebra involved in the dynamics of frictional pushing and can be used for simulation, planning, and control. In this article, we demonstrate their use for the dynamic propagation step in a sampling-based planning algorithm. By constraining the planner to explore only through the interior of motion cones, we obtain manipulation strategies that are robust against bounded uncertainties in the frictional parameters of the system. Our planner generates in-hand manipulation trajectories that involve sequences of continuous pushes, from different sides of the object when necessary, with 5–1,000 times speed improvements to equivalent algorithms.
One-dimensional analyses of striker impact on bar with different general impedance

The particle velocity and stress in the striker and bar generated by the striker impact on a bar with different general impedance are formulated based on one-dimensional assumptions. Departure of the impact-generated stress wave towards the rear end of the striker and arrival of the release wave from the rear to the front of the striker constitute one impact cycle. In cases where Zs ≤ Zb (Z is the general impedance, and subscripts ‘s’ and ‘b’ denote striker and bar, respectively), only one impact cycle takes place because the striker is stationary or separated from the impact surface after the first impact cycle. As a result, only a single (primary) pulse is observed in the bar and striker. In the case where Zs > Zb, however, multiple impact cycles take place because the striker is compressing the bar continually after the first cycle. As a result, a series of step-wise residual pulses follow the primary pulse in the bar and striker. The magnitudes of the stress and particle velocity in the bar and striker calculated using the formulated equations are quantitatively consistent with the results of the numerical simulations, verifying the formulated one-dimensional equations. The equations formulated in this study may be useful for better understanding the various wave interaction phenomena that take place in a pseudo-one-dimensional impact system and for modifying/designing an impact system.
Relation of mental health to social pressure,job burnout,and life satisfaction in government employees

Objective:To explore the relation of mental health to social pressure,job burnout and life satisfaction in government employees,in order to propose suggestions about mental health and life satisfaction to government employees. Methods: Totally 600 government employees w ho w ere aged from 18- 66 and w ith 0. 5- 35 years of government w orking experiences w ere selected. They w ere surveyed w ith the General Health Questionnaire( GHQ-12),M aslach Burnout Inventory General Survey( M BI-GS),Satisfaction w ith Life Scale( SWLS),and a self-made social pressure questionnaire for government employees. Result: Female government employees got higher scores in GHQ-12 than males [( 6. 2 ± 2. 8) vs.( 5. 3 ± 3. 0),P 0. 05]. Government employees from rural areas got higher scores than those from urban areas. Government employees majored in professional or administrative got higher scores than those majored in management. The score of social pressure w as positively correlated w ith the scores of GHQ-12,M BI-GS and its tw o factors,namely,emotional exhaustion and depersonalization( r = 0. 26-0. 27,Ps 0. 05). The score of M BI-GS and all its factors w ere positively related w ith the score of GHQ-12( r = 0. 34 ~ 0. 69,P 0. 05),w hile the total score of M BI-GS,deindividualization and reduced personal accomplishment w ere negatively related w ith the score of SWLS( r =- 0. 20 ~- 0. 29,P 0. 05). The GHQ-12 total scores w ere negatively correlated w ith the SWLS total scores( r =- 0. 30,P 0. 05). Path analysis show ed that job burnout had complete mediating effect betw een social pressure and mental health. Conclusion: It suggests that female,rural,professional and administrative government employees might have w orse mental health. It also show s that if government employees suffer higher social pressure they w ill have more serious job burnout,w hich might in turn cause w orse mental health on them.
Mean-field analysis of a scaling MAC radio protocol

We examine the transient behavior of a positioning system with a large number of tags trying to connect to the infrastructure with an exponential backoff policy in case of unsuccessful connection. Using a classic mean-field approach, we derive a system of differential equations whose solution approximates the original process. Analysis of the solution shows that both the solution and the original system exhibits an unusual log-periodic behavior in the mean-field limit, along with other interesting patterns of behavior. We also perform numerical optimization for the backoff policy.
Rendezvous of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems With Nonuniform Time-Varying Information Delays: An Adaptive Approach

This article considers the rendezvous problem of a group of heterogeneous second-order agents subject to information transmission delays. A major challenge to construct a fully distributed rendezvous protocol is to deal with these delays, which are assumed to be nonuniform and time-varying. Inspired by the fact that a large enough damping coefficient can improve the robustness of a second-order agent against external disturbance, we overcome the above challenge by studying the impact of the damping coefficient on the rendezvous problem. To theoretically analyze the impact, one type of static rendezvous protocol is first proposed and employed. It is interesting to find that agents can reach rendezvous under the static protocol if the damping coefficient is large enough, even though the duration of the time-delay is uncertain. This fact indicates that a large damping coefficient can make the static protocol be robust to the uncertainty of time-delay, which is consistent with the common sense. Then, we apply this impact to deal with the uncertainty introduced by the nonuniform time-varying information delays. To fully apply this impact, we adopt an adaptive approach to making the damping coefficient automatically adapt with the changes of the time-delay. Hence, two classes of fully distributed and adaptive rendezvous protocols are designed, which do not need the global information of the entire communication graph or the value of these time-delays at all. The difference between two classes of protocols is whether it can realize low-frequency learning or not. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed on multiple robots to illustrate the analytical results.
A new construction of Moufang quadrangles of type E6, E7 and E8

In the classification of Moufang polygons by J. Tits and R. Weiss, the most intricate case is by far the case of the exceptional Moufang quadrangles of type E_6, E_7 and E_8, and in fact, the construction that they present is ad-hoc and lacking a deeper explanation. We will show how tensor products of two composition algebras can be used to construct these Moufang quadrangles in characteristic different from 2. As a byproduct, we will obtain a method to construct any Moufang quadrangle in characteristic different from two from a module for a Jordan algebra.
The proximal point algorithm in complete geodesic spaces with negative curvature

The proximal point algorithm is an approximation method for finding a minimizer of a convex function. In this paper, we introduce the resolvent for a convex function in complete geodesic spaces with negative curvature. Using properties of the resolvent, we show the proximal point algorithm in complete geodesic spaces with negative curvature.
Sinc Collocation Linked with Finite Differences for Korteweg-de Vries Fractional Equation

A novel numerical method is proposed for Korteweg-de Vries Fractional Equation. The fractional derivatives are described based on the Caputo sense. We construct the solution using different approach, that is based on using collocation techniques. The method combining a finite difference approach in the time-fractional direction, and the Sinc-Collocation in the space direction, where the derivatives are replaced by the necessary matrices, and a system of algebraic equations is obtained to approximate solution of the problem. The numerical results are shown to demonstrate the efficiency of the newly proposed method. Easy and economical implementation is the strength of this method.
Surface Turbulent Fluxes during Persistent Cold-Air Pool Events in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah. Part I: Observations

The land surface is coupled to the atmospheric boundary layer through surface turbulent fluxes. Persistent cold-air pools (PCAPs) form in topographic depressions where cold, dense air fills the valley basin and in the presence of air pollution is accompanied by poor air quality. For the first time, the surface turbulence dataset from seven monitors during the Persistent Cold-Air Pool Study conducted in Salt Lake Valley, Utah (December 2010–February 2011), are analyzed. We found that the surface sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes were lower during strong PCAP events compared with non-PCAPs. The higher ratio of heat flux to net radiation (H/Rn and LE/Rn) for strong PCAPs compared with weak PCAPs is suspected to be related to the presence of boundary layer clouds, which could enhance the turbulent mixing through cloud top–down mixing. The daily average ground heat flux (G) was a similar order of magnitude toHand LE during wintertime. The highest surface turbulent fluxes and energy balance closure occurred in the stability range of −0.05 <ξ≤ −0.02, or under slightly unstable conditions, near the neutral stability range. The median surface exchange coefficient (Ch), a crucial parameter to determine surface turbulent fluxes in land surface models, was slightly higher at the bare land site (BL) than the short vegetation sites (PH and CR) in wintertime, suggesting the importance of dynamic land-use information in numerical models.
Variational approach for pair optimization in the nucleon pair approximation

We propose a pair-condensate variational approach to evaluate the importance of collective pairs and to determine their structure for the description of low-lying states. This may significantly reduce uncertainties in nucleon-pair approximation (NPA) calculations based on such collective pairs. In a trial calculation for the transitional $^{132}$Ba nucleus, our variation produces quadrupole deformation parameters similar to those of a Hartree-Fock calculation, while highlighting the $\gamma$ softness of this nucleus. Furthermore, it conclusively determines the collective pair(s) that are critical for producing the lowest possible yrast levels and for reproducing the $I=10$ backbend observed in this nucleus. Using the optimized condensate of neutron negative-parity pairs, we explain why such pairs can have an important impact on backbending phenomena, but yet are not favored in the description of $^{132}$Ba.
Clinical Observation of Late Nonsmall-cell Lung Cancer Treated by Chemotherapy Combined with Yanshu Injection

OBJECTIVE:To observe curative effect of late nonsmall-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) treated by chemotherapy combined with yanshu injection.METHODS: 87 cases with NSCLC were randomly divided into simple chemotherapy group(43 cases) and chemotherapy group combined with traditional Chinese medicine(44 cases). Clinical data of two groups had comparability.Evaluation of curative effect: control group took standard NP project but combined treatment group took NP project plus yanshu injection. Every three weeks constituted one treatment cycle,three cycles constituted one course of treatment.RESULTS: Of two-group patients,group of chemotherapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine surpassed simple chemotherapy group in recent curative effect,karnofsky performance status,pain-control and toxic adverse reactions.There was a great difference between two groups by statistical analysis.CONCLUSION: NP project combined with yanshu injection for the treatment of NSCLC has good tolerance and safety,recent curative effect surpasses that of simple chemotherapy group.It is indicated that chemotherapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of NSCLC is an effective way.
Implementasi algoritma Apriori untuk Penentuan Weekend Product Promotion pada Minimarket “XYZ”

Bisnis ritel merupakan industri berpotensi besar di Indonesia, bentuk ritel yang banyak bermunculan adalah Minimarket. Banyaknya ritel sejenis mengakibatkan persaingan yang sangat ketat, dalam kondisi seperti ini para pengusaha ritel harus mempertimbangkan berbagai cara agar dapat bertahan dalam persaingan. Salah satu strategi yang banyak diterapkan oleh minimarket atau hypermart saat ini adalah promo akhir pekan(weekend product promotion). Dengan implementasi algoritma Apriori untuk mengelompokkan kombinasi hubungan antar produk dari data transaksi harian ritel tersebut. Dari hasil analisa dengan algoritma apriori dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada 2 (dua) aturan asosiasi yang memenuhi syarat minimum confidence sesuai aturan asosiasi dengan nilai confidence lebih dari sama dengan 75%, yaitu aturan asosiasi nomor 7 (tujuh) dan nomor 10 (sepuluh). Aturan asosiasi nomor 7 menunjukkan bahwa jika konsumen membeli produk F, maka kemungkinan untuk membeli produk J adalah adalah 75%, dan aturan asosiasi nomor 10 menunjukkan bahwa jika konsumen membeli produk B, maka kemungkinan untuk membeli produk J adalah adalah 80%. Sehingga manajemen minimarkat dapat mengatur startegi pemasaran dengan menawarkan promo paket yang berisi dua jenis produk sesuai hasil pembahasan di atas untuk weekend promotion untuk menigkatkan penjualan produk pada minimarket tersebut.
Estimating Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood rather than log-linear model of a log-transformed dependent variable

Purpose The purpose of this study is to account for a recent non-mainstream econometric approach using microdata and how it can inform research in business administration. More specifically, the paper draws from the applied microeconometric literature stances in favor of fitting Poisson regression with robust standard errors rather than the OLS linear regression of a log-transformed dependent variable. In addition, the authors point to the appropriate Stata coding and take into account the possibility of failing to check for the existence of the estimates – convergency issues – as well as being sensitive to numerical problems. Design/methodology/approach The author details the main issues with the log-linear model, drawing from the applied econometric literature in favor of estimating multiplicative models for non-count data. Then, he provides the Stata commands and illustrates the differences in the coefficient and standard errors between both OLS and Poisson models using the health expenditure dataset from the RAND Health Insurance Experiment (RHIE). Findings The results indicate that the use of Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimators yield better results that the log-linear model, as well as other alternative models, such as Tobit and two-part models. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in demonstrating an alternative microeconometric technique to deal with positive skewness of dependent variables.
On the statistical properties of a hydrogenic atom broadened by linear Stark effect

Spectroscopy based on Stark broadening is a very efficient and successful method for diagnosing the physical conditions in laboratory or astrophysical plasmas. The studies are often focused on the lines of hydrogen or hydrogen-like ions due to the simple atomic structure. However, the Stark modeling may be difficult even for one-electron systems, in particular when radiative transitions with highly-degenerate Rydberg states are considered. Besides, the computations may become challenging for the modeling of line shapes in an optically thick plasma and accounting for non-local thermodynamical equilibrium (non-LTE) effects on the state populations. The statistical approach is a powerful technique which can be used to simplify complex coupled problems by replacing the numerous levels or lines by a single continuous distribution characterized by a reduced number of exact moments: area, center-of-gravity, variance, etc. In this paper, we study various statistical properties of a hydrogenic atom broadened by Stark effect. First, we derive the moments of level energies accounting for linear and quadratic Stark effects, electric-quadrupole and fine structure corrections. The resulting formulas allows one to estimate the relative importance of these corrections on the energies. We then derive the moments of the strength-weighted line energies for the Lyman and Balmer series in the framework of Linear-Stark effect. The moments are then used in a Gram–Charlier expansion series to represent the line shape, the resolution of the spectrum being controlled by the order at which the series is truncated. We show that the line shape of the transition n − n ′ can be expressed using universal functions of n and n ′ , independent of the atomic number and of the field intensity. This allows for fast Stark broadening calculations which can be used in more complex simulations (in opacity or emissivity codes, for radiative transfer simulations or non-LTE models).
New classes of strongly exponentially preinvex functions

In this paper, some new classes of the strongly exponentially generalized preinvex functions involving an auxiliary non-negative function and a bifunction are introduced. New relationships among various concepts of strongly exponentially generalized preinvex functions are established. It is shown that the optimality conditions of differentiable strongly exponentially generalized preinvex functions can be characterized by exponentially variational-like inequalities. As special cases, one can obtain various new and known results from our results. Results obtained in this paper can be viewed as refinement and improvement of previously known results.
Application of cosmic microwave background techniques to a gravitational wave stochastic background

The detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has allowed us to view the universe in new way and given us direct measurements of black holes for the first time. In coming years we will be able to measure not only individual burst sources but also the stochastic background of gravitational waves permeating the universe. This will be a treasure trove of information about the universe, from which we will be able to learn about a vast range of areas including astrophysics (such as that of compact binaries), cosmology of cosmic strings and inflation and even the nuclear physics involved in neutron stars. This is particularly exciting because of what we have already been able to measure from the observations we have, such as putting constraints on the Hubble constant. It will, however, lead to new challenges, in particular how best to analyse the background. The purpose of this thesis is to use analogies to the cosmic microwave background angular power spectra in order to generate and compare two different formalisms for this analysis — one based upon the amplitude signals and one on the gravitational wave Stokes parameter. I will show their respective strengths and weaknesses in analysing the forthcoming data and, specifically, we will see that the Stokes parameters calculations are able convey information about anisotropic and correlated signals that the amplitudes cannot. I will also consider how well we will be able to measure a given background by studying the sensitivity of different detectors to these different formalisms, showing that a detector in motion has many advantages over one that is effectively stationary. Finally, I apply these techniques to showing that we can use multiple independent measurements to recover the angular power spectra for a given background.