Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-house Production Method for DNA Ladders to Determine Nucleotide Fragment Sizes up to 1500 Base Pairs

The human genome project was recently completed after running for 15 years and revealed the presence of 30,000 genes in the human genome with a total nucleotide length of 3.2 billion base pairs (bp). Many novel methods and techniques have been developed in the field of molecular biology and molecular genetics as a result of intensive research, where basic analysis is impossible without the use of DNA size markers or DNA ladders. This research aimed to establish an in-house method to produce DNA size markers detecting up to 1500 bp size. DNA size markers are commonly used consumables in molecular biology laboratories. In this study, we report preparation of a DNA size marker consisting of 12 fragments from 100 to 1500 bp. DNA fragments were amplified by PCR and PCR products were then ligated in the cloning vector pDYNE TA V2. Our procedure for DNA size marker production could be simple, time saving, and inexpensive.nbsp
Chemical identification and automatic spectral classification of Microfossils from the Gunflint chert (1,88 Ga)

The identification of microbial remains on planetary bodies is an extremely challenging endeavor, requiring the utilization of novel measurement techniques and modern analytical approaches. We performed an extensive study of the chert sample from Gunflint formation (1.88 Ga) containing populations of Precambrian microfossils with a laser ablation ionization mass spectrometer (LIMS) (Riedo et al., 2013; Wiesendanger et al., 2018) intended for application in space. Chemical characterization on microscale can open a new perspective in the identification of microbial remains, where morphological features might be lost and provide additional lines of evidence towards proving biogenicity of a given putative sample. Chert from the Gunflint formation in this study is considered as a Martian analogue where remains of microfossils are mainly concentrated within circular and tubular structures, which are primarily made from collapsed cell walls entombed within silica.
Large variations in antioxidant capacity and contents of Hungarian sour and sweet cherry cultivars

Currently a fruit grower faces severe challenges in providing high yields of good quality fruits. Quality is determined by size, colouration, flavour and other traditional attributes. However, in addition to phytosanitarian demands (fruits must be free from diseases or pests) more and more requirements are also emerging to be covered by fruits. One of these aspects gaining importance is the health-promoting power of fruits consumed either in fresh or processed. This demand also highlights the need for thorough surveys for health-related contents in fruits including commercial cultivars as well as specific landraces or locally grown genotypes. The consumption of health-promoting foods becomes more important and fashionable with many consumers willing to pay more for a healthy product. The oxygen in the cells of the human body naturally produces free radicals. Some adverse effects (for example smoking, UV light, air pollution, inappropriate nutrition etc.) increase the intraand intercellular quantity of active oxygen species. The free radicals may initiate a chain reaction and they are capable to deteriorate cells.Antioxidants can prevent or slow the oxidative damage. Health problems such as heart disease, inflammation, macular degeneration, diabetes, cancer etc. are all induced by oxidative damage.Antioxidants may also enhance immune defence and therefore lower the risk of cancer and infection. Sweet and sour cherry production has long tradition in Hungary. Cultivars show great variability and it can be considered as a native species around the Black Sea and Europe. Hungarian sour cherry production ranks 8th among all countries in terms of the production quantity. Hungary produces 4% of the total world supply (Faostat, 2007) but Hungarian cultivars are also grown in other Central European countries or even in the USA. Hungarian sweet cherry production has much restricted significance in world production compared to sour cherries. It ranks 36th among all countries (Faostat, 2007). Most commercial cultivars are those introduced from other countries with only a limited number of Hungarian cultivars in production.
THE ORIGIN OF THE GILAKI CAUSATIVE SUFFIX -be(ː)-

OF THESIS THE ORIGIN OF THE GILAKI CAUSATIVE SUFFIX -be(ː)The Proto-Indo-European causative/iterative suffix *-ei̯ewas inherited by Old Iranian and persists in almost all Middle and Modern Iranian languages as -ayaand -ēn(-Vn-) respectively. Comparably, in the Indic branch -ayafunctions as a causative suffix in Sanskrit beside another suffix -āpaya which became the productive causative suffix -āvēin Middle Indic and still used in Modern Indic today. Evidence shows eight Eastern Iranian languages†Khotanese, †Khwarazmian, Parachi, Wakhi, Munji, Pashto, Ormuri, and Yidghausing the morphological causative suffix in addition to the expected Iranian one -ayaor -Vn-. This alternative causative suffix is reconstructible as *-au̯ai̯aand its attested reflexes have the forms -VwV-, -Vv-, and -wV-. Moreover, in two dialects of the Northwestern Iranian language Gilaki, Dakhili and Langaroudi, the causative suffix is not -Vnbut is rather -be(ː)in the present tense. In this study I examine the synchronic function of the Gilaki causative suffix be(ː)as well as its diachronic origins. I show that Gilaki -be(ː)primarily functions as a causative suffix and that it is a form which cannot be explained as an innovation within Gilaki itself through phonological or analogical change. As a matter of fact, I demonstrate that this suffix is better explained as deriving from PIr. *-au̯ai̯aand is connected to the aforementioned Eastern Iranian suffixes. I also argue the reason for realization of /p/ and */u̯/ in -āpaya and *-au̯ai̯ais phonological and probably goes back to some stages of PIIr.
Analysis of Student Perception on the Quality of Service Provided by a Private Higher Education Institution in East Indonesia

This research investigated students’ perceptions on the quality of service performed by Faculty of Economics and Business at a private higher education institution in East Indonesia, measured by five dimensions in the SERVQUAL (i.e., tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy). It also investigated whether students’ perceptions on the quality of service are different across gender, study program, and length of study. Descriptive analysis and independent-samples T test are used in the examination of data. Adapting and modifying the SERVQUAL model by only focusing on students’ perceptions, this study found that overall, students perceived the assurance to have the highest mean score, followed by reliability, empathy, responsiveness, and lastly tangibles. In particular, students perceived the assurance and reliability dimensions to have excellent quality of service, and very good quality of service on empathy, responsiveness, and tangibles. This research found no significant difference on students’ perceptions when comparing gender, study program, and length of study.
Knowledge sharing in virtual teams: A research in information technology companies in Vietnam

Nowadays, virtual teams bring both benefits and drawbacks to companies, especially to information technology companies. Improving virtual team performance is a requisite to speed up the development of information technology companies. This article conducts a quantitative research on virtual team members in Vietnam’s information technology companies to investigate the relationships between social capital, risk of opportunistic behaviors, knowledge sharing, and team performance in the situation of virtual teams. The study uses SPSS and AMOS to analyze data collected from 268 valid samples. We find out a reliable 15-variable scale which can be used to measure structural social capital, cognitive social capital, rational social capital, risk of opportunistic behaviors, knowledge sharing and virtual team performance. The results show positive effects of structural social capital and cognitive social capital on knowledge sharing and virtual team performance. The findings also reveal negative effects of risk of opportunistic behaviors on knowledge sharing and virtual team performance and a positive correlation between knowledge sharing and virtual team performance. This article can be used as reference for managers to build solutions for improving virtual team performance in information technology companies in Vietnam.
Salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in relation to hydrolyte leakage in barley plants challenged with Cochliobolus sativus

Spot blotch (SB) caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus is a destructive disease of barley worldwide. To better understand the mechanisms of resistance to this disease, the involvements of salicylic acid (SA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and ion fluxes during the interaction between resistant and susceptible barley seedlings and C. sativus were investigated. Early SA accumulation in leaf tissues was accompanied with an increase in H₂O₂ concentration in both compatible and incompatible interactions. The resistant cultivar constitutively contained higher levels of H₂O₂ and SA, as well as during the 72 h as compared with the un-infected control (0 h). However, levels increased rapidly upon infection in both cultivars. Moreover, a markedly greater increase in ion fluxes from the compatible material compared with the incompatible one was observed. Results suggest that SA and H₂O₂ accumulation are important during both compatible and incompatible barley- C. sativus interactions.
Voice Communication in Noisy Environments in a Smart House Using Hybrid LMS+ICA Algorithm

This publication describes an innovative approach to voice control of operational and technical functions in a real Smart Home (SH) environment, where, for voice control within SH, it is necessary to provide robust technological systems for building automation and for technology visualization, software for recognition of individual voice commands, and a robust system for additive noise canceling. The KNX technology for building automation is used and described in the article. The LabVIEW SW tool is used for visualization, data connectivity to the speech recognizer, connection to the sound card, and the actual mathematical calculations within additive noise canceling. For the actual recognition of commands, the SW tool for recognition within the Microsoft Windows OS is used. In the article, the least mean squares algorithm (LMS) and independent component analysis (ICA) are used for additive noise canceling from the speech signal measured in a real SH environment. Within the proposed experiments, the success rate of voice command recognition for different types of additive interference (television, vacuum cleaner, washing machine, dishwasher, and fan) in the real SH environment was compared. The recognition success rate was greater than 95% for the selected experiments.
Grassland plants show no relationship between leaf drought tolerance and soil moisture affinity, but rapidly adjust to changes in soil moisture

Assessing drought tolerance and the ability of plants to adjust to changes in available water resources is crucial for understanding current and future distributions of plant species. While turgor loss point (πₜₗₚ) has been recognized as a direct determinant of drought tolerance in woody plants, information on it for grassland species is largely missing. We first validated a rapid method to estimate πₜₗₚ for grassland species, using osmometry measurements (πₜₗₚ‐ₒₛₘ) of osmotic potential at full hydration (πₒ‐ₒₛₘ), originally proposed for woody species. We confirmed that πₒ‐ₒₛₘ was tightly positively related to πₜₗₚ measured by the classic pressure–volume curve (πₜₗₚ‐ₚᵥ). Cell wall elasticity was not important in the maintenance of turgor and neither specific leaf area nor leaf dry matter content influenced πₜₗₚ. We then studied the relationship between πₜₗₚ‐ₒₛₘ measured under controlled conditions and species’ soil moisture affinity (Ellenberg indicator values) in 40 diverse grassland species from the full range of soil moisture conditions found in temperate grasslands. On a subset of 12 species, we studied the adjustment in πₜₗₚ‐ₒₛₘ to drought stress and recovery from drought. We hypothesized that dry grassland species are better adapted to drier conditions by having comparatively higher leaf drought tolerance (more negative πₜₗₚ) and a better ability to adjust to acute drought stress. We found that πₜₗₚ‐ₒₛₘ was unrelated to species’ soil moisture affinity. However, all species developed higher leaf drought tolerance by decreasing πₜₗₚ‐ₒₛₘ after seven weeks of drought stress. After only one week of recovery, all species reduced the leaf drought tolerance back to the πₜₗₚ‐ₒₛₘ level comparable with non‐stressed plants. Our results considerably extend the relationship between πₒ‐ₒₛₘ and πₜₗₚ, originally defined for woody species, and thus propose a yet unexploited direct method for assessing leaf drought tolerance via turgor loss point in herbaceous species. However, the lack of relationship between πₜₗₚ and soil moisture affinity suggests that, unlike in woody plants, leaf‐level drought tolerance in grassland plants does not fully translate into whole‐plant drought resistance, suggesting an importance of other drought resistance strategies. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Patterns of spatial distribution and migration phenology of common pochards Aythya ferina in the Western Palearctic: a ring-recoveries analysis

We used ringed-recoveries to assess: 1) the connectivity (movements of individuals) between the three putative flyways (north–west Europe, central Europe, south–west Asia) of common pochards in the Western Palearctic, 2) possible spatio-temporal variations in the distribution of the species, and, 3) temporal evolution in spring and autumn migration dates. Based on winter counts of common pochards in the north–west European flyway, we distinguished three periods in the analyses (1960–1990, 1991–2000 and 2001–2016), which correspond to successive periods of population increase, peak and decline, respectively. Whatever the season (wintering or breeding) and period of ringing, large probabilities of ring-recoveries outside the flyway of origin (ringing) were recorded, suggesting a high connectivity between the three putative flyways. There was a significant trend towards an earlier departure from the wintering area, and an eastward shift of spring recoveries over periods. In contrast, neither autumn/winter recovery locations, nor departure dates from the breeding area in Latvia and Russia changed over periods. The latter results do not support the hypothesis that short-stopping (i.e. a reduction of fall migration distances/delaying of departure dates from the breeding area) could explain the observed decline of wintering common pochards in the north–west European flyway. Indirect recoveries support that large proportions of individuals wintering in western Europe may originate from the south–west Asia flyway and more particularly from a region in Siberia located in the Ob river catchment area. Considering trends in numbers for the three flyways together confirmed the “vulnerable” IUCN status of common pochard in the Western Palearctic as a whole, with a 35% decline over the last decade. The important connectivity between the northwest, central European and southwest Asian flyways call for considering such conservation problems at a much broader scale than the regional flyway.
Comparison of Growth Diagrams Of Indonesian Children to 2006 World Health Organization Growth Standards in diagnosing stunting

Background Stunting represents a linear growth disturbance due to chronic malnutrition, recurrent infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. The 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards are utilized as a modality in monitoring children’s growth, but to date, there has been no recommendation on use of the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children to monitor the growth of Indonesian children. Objective To determine the proportion of stunting, the sensitivity and specificity of Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children for diagnosing stunting. In addition, we aimed to compare proportions of stunting using the 2006 WHO Growth Standards and Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lawe Alas District, Southeast Aceh, Indonesia, from December 2017 to May 2018. Subjects were children aged 1-59 months who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Subjects were obtained using a consecutive sampling method. Weight and height measurements were plotted on the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children and on the 2006 WHO Growth Standards to determine the stature o subjects. Stunting was defined as the index Z-score for HAZ of less than -2 SD for the 2006 WHO Growth Standards, and an HAZ index of below the 10th percentile (p10th) for the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. Results Of 141 subjects, 66 (46.8%) had stunting based on the 2006 WHO Growth Standards and 51 (34.8%) had stunting based on Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. The sensitivity and specificity of the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children were 75.5% and 98.66%, respectively. Significantly more children were considered to be stunted using the 2006 WHO Growth Standards than using the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. Conclusion Stunting prevalence is high in Southeast Aceh. The Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children is a spesific and sensitive tool to diagnosed stunting in accordance with Indonesian children’s growth patterns.
Antagonistic potential of some bacterial strains against Xanthomonas campestris, the cause of bacterial blight in Hordeum vulgare

Bacterial blight disease due to Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens results in yield losses in barley, Hordeum vulgare L. , especially in warm climates. Bio-based bactericides represent a safe alternative to harmful chemicals for controlling a wide range of phytopathogens. The bacterial strains (Brevibacterium linens, Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis) were tested as antagonistic potential against X. campestris disease in barley seedlings. Antagonists were applied as seed biopriming and soil drench in X. campestris infested soil. Soil-drenching treatment was more efficient than the biopriming application. A significant increase in shoot length with a clear decrease in seed germination was recorded. Fresh and dry weights of shoot and root lengths of the treated plants were markedly improved. The remarkable antagonistic activity of B. linens, B. subtilis, and B. thuringiensis against X. campestris could be attributed to the capability to produce bioactive molecules that can trigger systemic resistance in the infected seedlings.
Pengaruh E-Learning dengan Google Classroom terhadap Hasil dan Motivasi Belajar Biologi Siswa

Kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi informasi telah membawa dampak positif bagi kemajuan pendidikan salah satunya dengan adanya e-learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran berbasis e-Learning terhadap hasil belajar dan motivasi belajar siswa pada materi sistem pencernaan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2020 di XI MIA SMA Nurul Falah Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini merupakan kuasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan the matching only pretest posttest control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan sampel jenuh. Sampel penelitian di kelas eksperimen sebanyak 21 orang siswa dan kelas control sebanyak 20 orang siswa. Intrumen tes berupa soal pilihan ganda, angket motivasi belajar dan lembar observasi merupakan instrumen pengambilan data yang digunakan. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan Independent 2 samples t-tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa rerata N-Gain kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,612 dan rerata pada kelas control adalah 0,486 sedangkan rerata N-Gain motivasi belajar pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,39 dan pada kelas kontrol hanya 0,27. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas control dari uji t yang dilakukan. Berdasarkan data ini maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh e-learning dengan google clasroom terhadap hasil belajar dan motivasi belajar siswa kelas XI MIA SMA Nurul Falah Pekanbaru pada materi Sistem Pencernaan.
Pathway and kinetic analysis on the iso-propyl radical + O{sub 2} reaction system

We analyze the isopropyl + 02 reaction system using thermochemical Transition State Theory (TST), molecular thermodynamic properties, analysis (quantum RRK) for k(E) and modified strong collision analyze Cyclic transition states for both hydrogen transfer and concerted propylene from isopropylperoxy are calculated using semi-empirical theory in addition to transition states for H02 elimination from hydroperoxy-isopropyl. Computed rate constants are compared to constant measurements of for isopropyl + H02.
Differences in Fat Mass Estimation Formulas in Physically Active Adult Population and Relationship with Sums of Skinfolds

Changes in body composition and specifically fat mass, has traditionally been used as a way to monitor the changes produced by nutrition and training. The objective of the present study was to analyse the differences between the formulas used to estimate fat mass and to establish the existing relationship with the body mass index and sums of skinfolds measurement in kinanthropometry. A total of 2458 active adults participated in the study. Body mass index (BMI) and skinfolds were measured, and the Kerr, Durnin-Womersley, Faulkner and Carter equations were used to assess fat mass. Significant differences were found between all the formulas for the percentage of fat mass, ranging from 10.70 ± 2.48 to 28.43 ± 5.99% (p < 0.001) and fat mass from 7.56 ± 2.13 to 19.89 ± 4.24 kg (p < 0.001). The correlations among sums of skinfolds and the different equations were positive, high and significant in all the cases (r from 0.705 to 0.926 p < 0.001), unlike in the case of BMI, were the correlation was lower and both positive or negative (r from −0.271 to 0.719; p < 0.001). In conclusion, there were differences between all the formulas used to estimate fat mass; thus, for the evaluation of fat mass with kinanthropometry of an active adult, the use of the same formula is recommended on all occasions when the results are going to be compared or when an athlete is compared with a reference.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Seniorwhitea reciproca (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Abstract Seniorwhitea reciproca belongs to the Sarcophaga genus, Sarcophagidae family and Diptera order. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of S. reciproca. The circular molecule is 15,973 bp in length, consisting of A (39.80%), G (9.27%), T (36.44%), and C (14.49%), and it is composed of 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, and a non-coding AT-rich region. 12 PCGs start with ATN, particularly, COI gene starting with TCG, and most PCGs use the typical stop codon TAA. Besides, the phylogenetic analyses upon mitogenomics would provide us further insights on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Sarcophagidae.