Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HYPERMAP-BASED DISTRIBUTED SPATIAL DATA MODEL

Distribution, interoperability, interactivity, component are the main four features of distributed geography information system. Based on the principle of hypermap, hypermedia and distributed database, the paper comes up with a kind of distributed spatial data model which is in accordance with those features of distributed geography information system. The model takes catalog service as the outline of spatial information globalization, and defines data structure of hypermap node in different level. Based on the model, it is feasible to manage and process distributed spatial information, and integrates multi-source, heterogeneous spatial data into a framework. Traditionally, to retrieve and access spatial data via Internet is only by theme or map name. With the concept of the model, it is possible to retrieve, load, and link spatial data by vector-based graphics on the Internet.
Calibration of the Root Zone Water Quality Model for Simulating Tile Drainage and Leached Nitrate in the Georgia Piedmont

Calibration procedures and data used to parameterize a model, including model components that may or may not have been addressed, are generally not well documented in modeling studies. A comprehensive description of the process and parameters used for calibrating the Root Zone Water Quality Model, v. 1.3. 2004.213, is presented in this article. The model was calibrated to simulate tile drainage and leached nitrate under conventional tillage management practices for maize (Zea mays L.) production followed by a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop in Cecil soils (kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kanhapludults), and for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) development in the Georgia Piedmont. Tile drainage and nitrate leaching were simulated within 15% of the observed values in the calibrated maize scenarios with and without the soil macroporosity option. Simulated and observed tile drainage and leached nitrate were not significantly different, and the simulated values were not significantly different with and without the macroporosity option. Simulated cotton biomass and leaf area index were well correlated with observed biomass and leaf area index until the last 21 d of the reproductive stage. Simulated and observed cotton water use were different by <1 mm d -1 based on A soil water in a 60-cm profile during the critical peak bloom period. A detailed analysis of the calibration procedure and parameters used in this study will aid subsequent users of the model as well as aid in a subsequent evaluation of the model's performance for simulations of tile drainage and nitrate leaching in Georgia Piedmont cotton production systems.
A Delivery System for Carbon Monoxide Fumigation of Indian Crested Porcupine, Hystrix indica, Den Using Two-Ingredient Cartridge

Indian crested porcupine, Hystrix indica, in Pakistan, is a pest of economic importance in forestry and agricultural systems. A simple, safe, effective and environment-friendly delivery system for carbon monoxide fumigation of porcupine dens, using two- ingredient cartridge, is described and evaluated. Employing this system, cartridges of various weights were tested in different habitats and soil conditions. The test results indicated 100 percent reduction in active porcupine dens with the usage of 250, 350, 375g cartridges in porous sandy, clay loam and silt loam soils having varied moisture contents. The system is highly suitable for effectively using two-ingredient cartridge for fumigating the dens of foxes, jackals, coyotes, dingoes and denning porcupines.
AN EXTENDED DUST DISK IN A SPIRAL GALAXY: AN OCCULTING GALAXY PAIR IN THE ACS NEARBY GALAXY SURVEY TREASURY

We present an analysis of an occulting galaxy pair, serendipitously discovered in the ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury observations of NGC 253 taken with the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys in F475W, F606W, and F814W (SDSS − g, broad V, and I). The foreground disk system (at z ⩽ 0.06) shows a dusty disk much more extended than the starlight, with spiral lanes seen in extinction out to 1.5 R25, approximately 6 half-light radii. This pair is the first where extinction can be mapped reliably out to this distance from the center. The spiral arms of the extended dust disk show typical extinction values of AF475W ∼ 0.25, AF606W ∼ 0.25, and AF814W ∼ 0.15. The extinction law inferred from these measures is similar to that of the local Milky Way, and we show that the smoothing effects of sampling at limited spatial resolution (<57 pc, in these data) flattens the observed function through mixing of regions with different extinction. This galaxy illustrates the diversity of dust distributions in spirals, and the limitations of adopting a single dust model for optically similar galaxies. The ideal geometry of this pair of overlapping galaxies and the high sampling of HST data make this data set ideal to analyze this pair with three separate approaches to overlapping galaxies: (1) a combined fit, rotating copies of both galaxies, (2) a simple flip of the background image, and (3) an estimate of the original fluxes for the individual galaxies based on reconstructions of their proper isophotes. We conclude that in the case of high-quality data such as these, isophotal models are to be preferred.
Reevaluating the taxonomic status of Ceriops australis (Rhizophoraceae) based on morphological and molecular evidence.

Ceriops australis (White) Ballment, Smith & Stoddart, a member of the mangrove family Rhizophoraceae, was originally recognized as C. tagal var. australis White but was raised to species rank based solely on isozyme features and the only distinctive morphological feature of the hypocotyl. Therefore, it was considered a sibling species of C. tagal (Perr.) C. B. Rob. The goal of this study was to test the previous assessment that C. australis and C. tagal differ consistently only in hypocotyl morphology, in order to reevaluate the taxonomic status and to establish its geographic range. Principal components analysis was employed to analyze 29 morphological characters of herbarium specimens from Australia, Madagascar, and Sumatra tentatively identified as C. australis and C. tagal, and two well differentiated distinct taxa were recognized. In addition, both of the detailed morphological features based on fresh and herbarium materials and the intron sequences of trnL gene from plastid DNA support this conclusion. This finding disagrees with previous assessment and supports the current taxonomic status of C. australis. Here, a key to these two species is provided, and a revised distribution range of C. australis is established. This is the initial report of C. australis' occurrence in a part of Indonesia, in addition to areas of Australia and Papua New Guinea.
Midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly of the ionospheric electron density observed by FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC

[1] This paper presents monthly variations of the midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly (MSNA) of the ionosphere for the first time by global observations of the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) mission. The anomaly is characterized by the greater nighttime (1800 LT ∼ 0200 LT) ionospheric electron density than during daytime (0800 ∼ 1800 LT) at middle latitudes during months around June and December solstices. The anomaly shown during December solstice was known as the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) occurring around the Antarctica and nearby the Pacific Ocean. This paper demonstrates that the WSA-like feature also exists in the Northern Hemisphere and is most prominent near the Northeast Asia, Europe/Africa, and Central Pacific longitudes around June solstice. In both hemispheres, the anomalies with similar electron density characteristics and variations caused by the similar mechanism prompts us to name this phenomenon the MSNA. The monthly F3/C observations indicate that the anomaly appears as the most prominent structure of the global ionosphere around midnight hours.
Assessing the Valuation and Risk Implications of Fair Value Accounting for Liabilities: Evidence from FAS 159's Reported Gains and Losses

This study examines the implications of fair value liability gains and losses arising from the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159 (hereafter FAS 159). We find a positive correspondence between a firm’s FAS 159 fair value liability gains and losses and stock returns. Further analysis indicates that fair value gains and losses from liabilities attributable to the change in a firm’s own credit risk, which are considered counter-intuitive by critics of fair value accounting for liabilities, are also positively related to returns. Lastly, we document that the volatility of earnings that incorporate FAS 159 liability fair value gains and losses is positively associated with market measures of firm risk. Our study contributes to the controversy over recognition of liability fair value gains and losses by providing direct empirical evidence that such gains and losses are perceived as economic income by market participants.
Optimization of reflector antennas in radio telescopes

We present an analysis on the performance of Cassegrain reflector antennas. In our study, we have adopted the design parameters for the Cassegrain configuration used in the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) project. We have adjusted the focal-length-to-diameter ratio f / D of the primary reflector to investigate the optimum performance of the antenna. In our study, signal frequency at the high edge of ALMA band 1, i.e. 45 GHz has been selected. The results obtained from the physical optics simulation show that the aperture efficiency of the antenna is at its optimum (i.e. 80.36%) when f / D ranges from 0.5 to 0.6. The radiation characteristics at this range of ratio are found to be similar. The radius of the secondary reflector and edge taper T e which correspond to the optimum aperture efficiencies ranges from 371 mm to 372 mm and 10.64 dB to 10.75 dB, respectively.
On a Proper Meta-Analytic Model for Correlations

Combining statistical information across studies is a standard research tool in applied psychology. The most common approach in applied psychology is the fixed effects model. The fixed-effects approach assumes that individual study characteristics such as treatment conditions, study context, or individual differences do not influence study effect sizes. That is, that the majority of the differences between the effect sizes of different studies can be explained by sampling error alone. We critique the fixed-effects methodology for correlations and propose an advancement, the random-effects model, that ameliorates problems imposed by fixed-effects models. The random-effects approach explicitly incorporates between-study differences in data analysis and provides estimates of how those study characteristics influence the relationships among constructs of interest. Because they can model the influence of study characteristics, we assert that random-effects models have advantages for psychological research. Parameter estimates of both models are compared and evidence in favor of the random-effects approach is presented.
Kill rate by wolves on moose in the Yukon

We studied the kill rate by wolves (Canis lupus) after a large-scale wolf removal when populations of wolves, moose (Alces alces), and woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) were all increasing. We followed a total of 21 wolf packs for 4 winters, measuring prey selection, kill rates, and ecological factors that could influence killing behavior. Wolf predation was found to be mainly additive on both moose and caribou populations. Kill rates by individual wolves were inversely related to pack size and unrelated to prey density or snow depth. Scavenging by ravens decreased the amount of prey biomass available for wolves to consume, especially for wolves in smaller packs. The kill rate by wolves on moose calves was not related to the number of calves available each winter. Wolves did not show a strong switching response away from moose as the ratio of caribou to moose increased in winter. The predation rate by wolves on moose was best modeled by the number and size of packs wolves were organized into ea.
Determining Information Requirements for E-Business Systems From Activity Space to Information Space

The study of information requirements for e-business systems reveals that the level of detail, granularity, format of presentation, and a broad range of information types are required for the applications. The provision of relevant information affects how e-business systems can efficiently support the business goals and processes. This paper presents an approach for determining information requirements for e-business systems (DIRES) which will allow the user to describe the core business processes, whose specification maps onto a business activity space. It further aids a configuration of information requirements into an information space. A case study of a logistics company in China demonstrates the use of DIRES techniques and assesses the validity of the research.
Structure tensor based analysis of touching grain kernels for visual grading

Automatic visual grading of seed lots with a high density of touching grain kernels is a challenging problem. The structure tensor is a simple and robust descriptor that was developed to analyze textures orientation. Contrarily to segmentation methods which rely on an object based modelling of images, the structure tensor views the sample at a macroscopic scale, like a continuum. Thanks to this tool, it is possible to extract useful information on the orientation of grain kernels even in a bulk. Knowing the rough orientation of a grain kernel could provide an initialization for segmentation techniques. The comparative results with ground truth orientations on four different grain kernels demonstrate the ability of the structure tensor to detect the seed orientations.
The expected and observed characteristics of several oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) clones

Ortets were selected from excellent progenies studied at the La Me and Aek Kwasan research stations. The clones obtained from these ortets were evaluated in direct or indirect comparative trials with their original cross and with sexual crosses from new breeding cycles. The observations made so far show that the clones present the same characteristics as the ortets in terms of mesocarp/fruit, oil/mesocarp and, to a lesser extent, fruit/bunch. The production of FFB at a young age was not as good as that of the ortets: that can be due to low heritability. However, given the low selection pressure and limited heritability, FFB yield seems to be similar for clones and the original crosses. The clones' level of production seems to improve after 6 years. Nevertheless, some clones had exceptional production characteristics. Are these clones really the exact replica of the original ortets? The observations showed that the trees were apparently normal and presented no visibly discernable "mantled" or vegetative anomalies. However, it is possible that there were epigenetic modifications as a result of the process of in vitro culture, which could have affected other parts of the genome. An example is given for one clone in which the recloning of two individuals produced two theoretically identical groups of palms: there bunches had significantly different characteristics, such as average weight and percentage of fruit on the bunch. In general, the low production of bunch and the percentage of fruit on the bunch (although relative), could be due to "silent" epigenetic anomalies. The method and the strategy of cloning are also questionable. (Resume d'auteur)
Antecedents of Perceived Fairness in Criminal Courts: A Comparative Analysis

ABSTRACT Criminal courts are an essential component of the criminal justice system. How people perceive courts determines, in part, their compliance with court decisions. When courts are perceived as being just, fair and trustworthy, citizens are more likely to respect court rulings. However, few people have direct experience with the criminal courts, but many do with the police. This paper explores whether citizens’ perception of police fairness affects their perception of criminal courts as being fair and examines the influences of a variety of individual and community factors upon this relationship. We tested a conceptual model with three clusters of predictive variables (individual, community, and national levels) based on data from the Caribbean. The findings indicate that perceived fairness of courts is driven primarily by perceived fairness of the police as well as by involvement in one’s community and an individual’s crime victimization. Policy implications of these findings are explored.
Candidate for tissue mimicking material made of an epoxy matrix loaded with alginate microspheres

We present a new composite material containing calcium alginate microspheres incorporated into an epoxy matrix. The new material is mechanically stable and does not degrade over time. Its dielectric properties are extracted by model calculations and compared to the properties of some selected human tissues. Good agreement is observed, which identifles the proposed composite material as a good candidate for the use as a phantom material. The presented material is a two component composite and it is shown how its efiective properties can be predicted by using appropriate mixing formulas.
Glacial refugia and migration routes of the Neotropical genus Trizeuxis ( Orchidaceae )

John Lindley described orchid genus Trizeuxis in 1821 [1] based on its conduplicate leaves, small, non-resupinate flowers arranged in the paniculate inflorescence with 3-lobed lip parallel to gynostemium and excavate stigma. In the same paper Lindley provided the description of Trizeuxis falcata L. In 1922 Schlechter described second species of the genus, T. andina, based on the specimen characterized by the lip difficult to expand with short and thick gynostemium [2], but those small differences observed in just one specimen cited by the author were recognized by taxonomists as an infraspecific variation of T. falcata [3]. The genus is a representative of oncidioid orchids, which classification is one of the most intractable group within Orchidaceae. The scientists do not agree about the taxonomic affinity of the genus. Based mostly on vegetative and floral characters Dressler and Dodson [4] classified Trizeuxis in the subtribe Oncidiinae Benth. within Epidendreae Lindley. Due to the similarity in the gynostemium structure, mainly the anther, pollinarium and rostellum morphology Szlachetko [5] placed Trizeuxis along with inter alia Hybochilus Schltr. , Leochilus Knowl. & Westc. and Sanderella Kuntze in Leochilinae Szlach. within Oncidieae Pfitzer. The results of the molecular research [6] indicated the Trizeuxis and other oncidioid orchids should be embedded in Cymbidieae, however in this analysis, the generic topology of this taxon remains unsolved. Despite the confusion about the tribal and subtribal classification of Trizeuxis, its generic separateness is not in doubt. The geographical range of this monotypic genus ranges from Costa Rica south to Peru and eastern Brazil (Fig. 1). Its flowers are one of the smallest within oncidioid orchids reaching just 2–3 mm in diameter. Plants grow usually as twig-epiphytes in humid areas between 200 and 1000 m a.s. l. , often on Psidium L. (Myrtaceae) trees. The pollinators of this genus are trigonid bees [7] although also self-pollination has been reported [8]. The small plant size, the leaves with sclerenchyma present exclusively on the phloem side, the thin epidermal cells of the stem [9] and the capsule containing abundant dust-like seeds make Trizeuxis almost impossible to recognize in fossil material and hereby difficult object of historical geographic studies. While recently the ecological niche modeling (ENM) technique was successfully used to estimate the glacial refugia of numerous organisms in various regions of the world [10–15], so far it was not applied in reconstruction of possible past distribution of any orchid species. In this paper ENM was applied to estimate the distribution of potential refugia during the last glacial maximum (26500 and 19000–20000 years ago [16]) and migration routes for Trizeuxis Abstract
Prioritising sustainability factors for Australian community buildings’ management using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

The essence of Australian community buildings’ sustainable management drives through a previously established decision-making structure with four sustainability aspects and accompanying 18 criteria. Informed decisions are supported with a decision-making model that generates sustainability impacts of building components based on this decision-making structure. Building components’ individual impacts can be assigned using a numbering scale incorporated with linguistic terms. However, similar importance given to each aspect or criterion is arguable when the combined effect is considered. Hence, they should be given different weightings and their combination with individual impacts will produce final sustainability impacts. For calculating weightings, the study uses Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), widely used technique in Multi Attribute Decision-Making (MADM). The study also conducted an industry-wide questionnaire across Australian local councils because pair-wise comparison data is essential for weighting calculation. This paper presents the survey data and analysis results that captured weightings of sustainability aspects and criteria.
Determinants of Online Purchasing Behavior in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam

This study aims at identifying the determinants of online purchasing behavior (OP), vis-a vis, attitude (A), unauthorized secondary use (U), internet trustworthiness (T), normative structure (N), and perceived behavior control (P). Each variable is measured using an adapted instrument with 7-point interval scale. Using primary data collection method, 200 questionnaires were distributed to online purchasing customers. This study managed to collect 147 completed questionnaires (73.5%). The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM. Confirmatory factor analysis of measurement models indicate adequate goodness of fit after a few items were eliminated through modification indices verifications. Goodness of fit for the revised structural model also shows adequate fit thus meeting all requirements in terms of cmindf ratio:1,238; p-value: 0.098; GFI: 0.932; and rmsea;0.040. In the end, this study has established three direct causal effects: (1) attitude and online purchasing behavior; (2) unauthorized secondary use and online purchasing behavior; (3) normative structure and online purchasing behavior; (4) perceived behavior control and online purchasing behavior; (5) Internet trustworthiness and online purchasing behavior. The findings show that perceived behavior control (β=.582, CR=6.656 p=0.000), attitude (β=--.307, CR=-2.781, p=0.005) and internet trustworthiness (β=.527, CR=4.454, p=0.000) have significant relationship with online purchasing behavior while normative structure and unauthorized secondary use have insignificant relationship with online purchasing behavior. The findings are discussed in regards of online customers and its implications to online shopping.