Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unbound Form of Tomato Inhibitor-II Reveals Interdomain Flexibility and Conformational Variability in the Reactive Site Loops*

The Potato II (Pot II) family of proteinase inhibitors plays important roles in the constitutive and inducible defense of plants against predation by a wide range of pests. The structural basis of inhibition by a multidomain Pot II family inhibitor was revealed recently by the structure of the ternary complex between the two-headed tomato inhibitor-II (TI-II) and two molecules of subtilisin Carlsberg. Here we report the 2.15-Å resolution crystal structure of the unbound form of TI-II that reveals significant conformational flexibility in the absence of bound proteinase molecules. The four independent copies of unbound TI-II in the asymmetric unit of the unit cell display a range of different conformations when compared with the bound form of the inhibitor, most strikingly in the orientations of the inhibitory domains and in the conformations of the reactive site loops. One of the two linker segments (residues 74 to 79) between the two domains as well as the adjacent β-strand in Domain I (residues 80–85) is well ordered in all four copies of the unbound inhibitor, even though this region appeared to be disordered in the structure of the ternary complex. Conformational flexibility seen in the reactive site loops of unbound TI-II suggests a mechanism by which the inhibitor can balance the need for tight binding with the need for broad inhibitory function.
Light chain gene conversion continues at high rate in an ALV‐induced cell line.

We have analyzed immunoglobulin light chain sequences from avian leukosis virus (ALV) induced bursal and metastatic tumors and from cell lines derived from these tumors. Sequence data presented demonstrate that ALV‐induced tumors and one cell line (DT40) derived therefrom continue to diversify their light chain genes outside of the bursal environment. Diversification within these tumor cells seems to occur by gene conversion events comparable with those observed in bursal B cells. Sequence analysis of spontaneously arising surface immunoglobulin negative subclones of the DT40 cell line revealed frameshifts within the rearranged light chain genes which most likely resulted from non‐functional recombination events. Superimposed gene conversion events can repair these frameshifts leading to re‐expression of surface immunoglobulin.
An axiomatic definition of cardinality for finite interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets

Recently, some extensions of the classical fuzzy sets are studied in depth due to the good properties that they present. Among them, in this paper finite interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets are the central piece of the study, as they are a generalization of more usual sets, so the results obtained can be immediately adapted to them. In this work, the cardinality of finite intervalvalued hesitant fuzzy sets is studied from an axiomatic point of view, along with several properties that this definition satisfies, being able to relate it to the classical definitions of cardinality given by Wygralak or Ralescu for fuzzy sets.
CD95 ligand expression as a mechanism of immune escape in breast cancer

Interaction of CD95 (Apo‐1/Fas) and its ligand (CD95L) plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response, since CD95+ lymphocytes may be killed after engagement of the CD95 receptor. Studying the CD95/CD95L system in 40 cases of breast cancer, the malignant cells expressed CD95L, but lost CD95 expression, when compared with non‐malignant mammary tissue. Jurkat T cells incubated on breast cancer sections underwent CD95L‐specific apoptosis. The rate of apoptosis correlated with the CD95L mRNA levels of the tissue samples. In four breast cancer cell lines, CD95L expression was increased by interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), which resulted in higher levels of CD95L‐specific apoptosis in co‐cultured Jurkat T cells. Since IFN‐γ is mainly secreted by activated T cells, up‐regulation of CD95L in breast cancer cells in response to IFN‐γ may thus counterselect activated tumour‐infiltrating T cells and favour the immune escape of breast cancer. As demonstrated by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, CD95L expressed on breast cancer cells can also be shed from the cell membrane into the culture supernatant. Supernatants derived from cultured breast cancer cells induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells via CD95L. In breast cancer patients, depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes was significantly correlated with CD95L expression in the tumours. This might be suggestive for a relationship between CD95L expression by breast cancer and systemic immunosuppression.
Evaluation of a live attenuated, cold-adapted parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine in children

Cold passage 18 (CP18) parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 95 infants and young children. None of 19 seropositive older children 41 to 124 months old became infected when 10(6) 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of vaccine virus was administered intranasally. Two of nine and seven of twenty-four young seropositive children given 10(5) or 10(6) TCID50 of CP18 PIV-3, respectively, became infected. Each of four seronegative young children became infected, as indicated by virus shedding and antibody response, when given 10(6) TCID50 of CP18 PIV-3 intranasally. Illness was not observed in seropositive children. Two of the four seronegative children developed a mild illness characterized by rhinorrhea and wheezing on auscultation; none had fever. In one case, vaccine virus spread from a vaccine to a sibling control but did not cause illness. The vaccine is attenuated relative to wild-type PIV-3, but additional attenuation will be required to achieve a satisfactory PIV-3 vaccine.
Differences in Asthma Clinical Outcomes According to Initial Severity

Information on asthma morbidity outcomes in relation to the initial degree of severity is scarce. Objective. To determine the differences in asthma morbidity, quality of life (QOL), and lung function outcomes according to the initial severity of the illness. Method. A cohort of 235 (102 mild, 69 moderate, and 64 severe) asthma patients was followed up for 3 years. The following parameters were collected for all patients: asthma morbidity, clinical data, spirometry, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Results. A significant reduction in asthma morbidity and an improvement in pulmonary function and QOL were observed in the total group 3 years later. However, when the sample was stratified according to the initial severity, differences were observed between means in the third year compared with the first year in the following: number of primary care visits (patient/year) due to asthma: mild − 1 (95% CI: − 1.42 to − 0.56); moderate − 0.9 (− 1.92 to 0.18); and severe 1 (− 0.23 to 2.27) (p = 0.020); FEV1 (%): mild 8.5 (− 5.3 to 11.6), moderate − 0.3 (− 3.2 to 2.6), and severe − 1.5 (− 5 to 2) (p < 0.001); and total score of the SGRQ: mild − 9.8 (− 12.2 to − 7.3), moderate − 9.1 (− 12.9 to − 5.2), and severe − 7.9 (− 11.9 to − 3.9) (p < 0.001). Conclusions. We conclude that asthma prognosis varies according to the initial severity. Clinical, QOL, and pulmonary function outcomes in the mild asthma group are better than in the moderate and severe groups.
Job Mission as a Substitute for Monetary Incentives: Experimental Evidence

Are monetary and non-monetary incentives used as substitutes in motivating effort? I address this question in a laboratory experiment in which the choice of the job charac- teristics (i.e., the mission) is part of the compensation package that principals can use to influence agents' effort. Principals offer contracts that specify a piece rate and a charity - which can be either the preferred charity of the agent, or the one of the principal. The agents then exert a level of effort that generates a profit to the principal and a dona- tion to the specified charity. My results show that the agents exert more effort than the level that maximizes their own pecuniary payoff in order to benefit the charity, especially their preferred one. The principals take advantage of this intrinsic motivation by offering lower piece rates and by using the choice of the charity as a substitute to motivate effort. However, I also find that because of fairness considerations, the majority of principals are reluctant to lower the piece rate below a fair threshold, making the substitution between monetary and non-monetary incentives imperfect. These findings have implications for the design of incentives in mission-oriented organizations and contribute to our understanding of job satisfaction and wage differentials across organizations and sectors.
A Complete Characterization of Unitary Quantum Space Bill Fefferman

Motivated by understanding the power of quantum computation with restricted number of qubits, we give two complete characterizations of unitary quantum space bounded computation. First we show that approximating an element of the inverse of a well-conditioned efficiently encoded 2k(n) × 2k(n) matrix is complete for the class of problems solvable by quantum circuits acting on O(k(n)) qubits with all measurements at the end of the computation. Similarly, estimating the minimum eigenvalue of an efficiently encoded Hermitian 2k(n)×2k(n) matrix is also complete for this class. In the logspace case, our results improve on previous results of Ta-Shma [32] by giving new space-efficient quantum algorithms that avoid intermediate measurements, as well as showing matching hardness results. Additionally, as a consequence we show that PreciseQMA, the version of QMA with exponentially small completeness-soundess gap, is equal to PSPACE. Thus, the problem of estimating the minimum eigenvalue of a local Hamiltonian to inverse exponential precision is PSPACE-complete, which we show holds even in the frustration-free case. Finally, we can use this characterization to give a provable setting in which the ability to prepare the ground state of a local Hamiltonian is more powerful than the ability to prepare PEPS states. Interestingly, by suitably changing the parameterization of either of these problems we can completely characterize the power of quantum computation with simultaneously bounded time and space. ∗wjf@umd.edu †cedricl@umiacs.umd.edu
Iterative Entity Alignment via Knowledge Embeddings

Entity alignment aims to link entities and their counterparts among multiple knowledge graphs (KGs). Most existing methods typically rely on external information of entities such as Wikipedia links and require costly manual feature construction to complete alignment. In this paper, we present a novel approach for entity alignment via joint knowledge embeddings. Our method jointly encodes both entities and relations of various KGs into a unified low-dimensional semantic space according to a small seed set of aligned entities. During this process, we can align entities according to their semantic distance in this joint semantic space. More specifically, we present an iterative and parameter sharing method to improve alignment performance. Experiment results on realworld datasets show that, as compared to baselines, our method achieves significant improvements on entity alignment, and can further improve knowledge graph completion performance on various KGs with the favor of joint knowledge embeddings.
A Unique Class Prediction Classifier for Redundant Multi-Label Values to Support Efficient Clustering

The real-time applications have increased the need for heterogeneous data classification and clustering for the text, photo, music, film, and medical data sets. The complexity of the learning class for objects associated with the label set is a major problem for multi-label datasets. The current learning approach depends on the observed characteristic preference for a class of similar class labels, but the favorite property measures the object deviation label instead of the associated class for classification and also even certain features also affect clustering process. Few studies have attempted to target the complexity of associating multi-label that trains a multi-label dataset to support accurate labeling based on the feature selection but they fail to provide one single class which can support correct data record classification. The novelty of this paper is to provide a solution to the problem of associating redundant multilabels values in the multi-label dataset. It presents a Unique Class Prediction (UCP) classifier for redundant multi-label datasets, which will predict a unique class for multi-label value for a data record which can support in effective clustering of multi-labeled data records. The key objective is to identify the most appropriate unique class value (UCV) interpreting the multi-value patterns by means of Learning Multi-label Association and Unique Class Prediction. Using a unique label density method the best multi-value pattern is generated and it is being used for unique class prediction. The experimental evaluation shows the effectiveness of the proposed classifier. The obtained result of Hamming loss shows a significant low and the accuracy shows higher in comparison to other classifiers that support multi-label dataset.
Decentralized Content Trust for Docker Images

Default Docker installation does not verify an image authenticity. Authentication is vital for users to trust that the image is not malicious or tampered with. As Docker is currently a popular choice for developers, tightening its security is a priority for system administrators and DevOps engineers. Docker recently deployed Notary that is a solution to verify authenticity of their images. Notary is a viable solution, but it has some drawbacks. This paper specifically addresses its vulnerability towards Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, the repercussions, and discuss two potential solutions. The proposed solutions involve decentralising the trust via either a BitTorrent-like protocol or a modified blockchain. The solutions greatly reduce the risk of DoS and at the same time provide a trustless signature verification service for Docker. The solutions could also possibly be repackaged for similar use cases on other technologies. We demonstrate the proposed blockchain-based solution’s scalability and efficiency by conducting performance evaluation.
Differential Radiographic Appearance of BRAF V600E-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Patients Matched by Primary Tumor Location.

BACKGROUND BRAF-mutant metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) share many clinicopathologic features with right-sided colon tumors, including frequent peritoneal involvement. Because of the poorer outcomes associated with BRAF mutations, early enrollment in clinical trials has been encouraged. However, the use of standard eligibility and assessment criteria, such as measurable disease, has anecdotally impeded patient accrual and restricted appraisal of treatment response. We investigated whether the presence of a BRAF V600E mutation is differentially associated with sites and appearance of metastatic disease in patients matched by primary tumor location. METHODS A total of 40 patients with BRAF-mutant mCRC were matched to 80 patients with BRAF wild-type mCRC by location of primary tumor (right or left colon; rectum), sex, and age. Associations between BRAF mutation status and clinicopathologic characteristics and metastatic sites were analyzed using proportion tests. Survival was summarized with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. RESULTS The distribution of primary tumor locations was: 60% right colon, 30% left colon, and 10% rectum. Compared with BRAF wild-type tumors, BRAF-mutant tumors more commonly associated with peritoneal metastases (50% vs 31%; P=.045) and ascites (50% vs 24%; P=.0038). In patients with left colon primaries, BRAF mutations were associated with more frequent ascites (58% vs 12%; P=.0038) and less frequent liver metastases (42% vs 79%; P=.024). Among patients with right colon primaries, no significant difference in sites of disease by BRAF mutation status was observed. Disease was not measurable by RECIST 1.1 in 24% of patients with right-sided primary tumors, irrespective of BRAF mutation status. In the BRAF-mutated cohort, ascites correlated unfavorably with survival (hazard ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.14, 4.83; P=.02). CONCLUSIONS Greater frequency of ascites and peritoneal metastases, which pose challenges for RECIST 1.1 interpretation of therapeutic outcomes, are seen with BRAF-mutant mCRC, even when patients are matched for primary tumor location.
Expression of chick Fgf19 and mouse Fgf15 orthologs is regulated in the developing brain by Fgf8 and Shh

Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) constitute a family of signaling molecules that play essential roles in development. We have studied the expression pattern of mouse Fgf15 in the developing brain. Fgf19 is another member of the FGF family that has been suggested as the chick and human ortholog of mouse and rat Fgf15. Here, we compare the expression pattern during neural development of chick Fgf19 with mouse Fgf15. Unlike Fgf15, Fgf19 presents an expression in the isthmic alar plate, diencephalic and mesencephalic parabasal plates, hindbrain basal plate, as well as in the zona limitans intrathalamica (zli). Moreover, we explored the regulation between Fgf19 and the signaling molecules of the isthmic and zli organizers: Fgf8 and Shh, respectively. Considering the possibility that Fgf19 plays a similar role in humans and chicks, this finding could explain the significant diencephalic phenotypic differences between humans and mice in models and diseases where the Shh pathway is affected. Developmental Dynamics 236:2285–2297, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Food consumption of five deep-sea fishes in the Balearic Basin (western Mediterranean Sea): are there daily feeding rhythms in fishes living below 1000 m?

Predation and food consumption of five deep-sea fish species living below 1000 m depth in the western Mediterranean Sea were analysed to identify the feeding patterns and food requirements of a deep-sea fish assemblage. A feeding rhythm was observed for Risso's smooth-head Alepocephalus rostratus, Mediterranean grenadier Coryphaenoides mediterraeus and Mediterranean codling Lepidion lepidion. Differences in the patterns of the prey consumed suggest that feeding rhythms at such depths are linked with prey availability. The diets of those predators with feeding rhythms are based principally on active-swimmer prey, including pelagic prey known to perform vertical migrations. The diets of Günther's grenadier Coryphaenoides guentheri and smallmouth spiny eel Polyacanthonotus rissoanus, which did not show any rhythm in their feeding patterns, are based mainly on benthic prey. Food consumption estimates were low (<1% of body wet mass day(-1) ). Pelagic feeding species showing diel feeding rhythms consumed more food than benthic feeding species with no feeding rhythms.
THE FOLEY CATHETER IN THE MANAGEMENT OF EPISTAXIS

The Foley urinary catheter has been used in the management of epistaxis for many years, yet it has never been designed or licensed for this purpose. We performed a telephone questionnaire of senior house officers in 90 ENT departments in England and Wales. The aim was to determine how many departments used the Foley catheter for epistaxis management, whether licensed nasal balloon devices were available and if there had been any complications associated with their use. Eighty‐three (92%) ENT departments in the study used the Foley catheter for epistaxis management and 44 (49%) departments had licensed balloon devices available. Only 22% of ENT senior house officers questioned were aware that the Foley catheter was not licensed for use in the nose. Most complications associated with the use of nasal balloon devices appear to be due to Foley catheters.
Modified direct power control for PWM rectifier under unbalanced grid voltage conditions

Under the unbalanced power grid voltage conditions, three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier would produce non-sinusoidal and negative sequence current, fluctuations of active and reactive power. To deal with these problems, the mathematical model is established in the stationary αβ frame, then a dual power control scheme is presented to control the active and reactive power independently. By setting reference of power inner loop, the negative sequence current can be eliminated and grid current is sinusoidal. The proportional resonant controller in the outer loop suppresses the DC-link ripple. The PI repetitive control is applied in the inner loop to eliminate active and reactive power oscillation. Test results show the good performance of the proposed strategy.
WITH LEARNING-TO-RANK TOPIC MODELING

Topic modeling has emerged as a popular learning technique not only in mining text representations, but also in modeling authors’ interests and influence, as well as predicting linkage among documents or authors. However, few existing topic models distinguish and make use of the prior knowledge in regard to the different importance of documents (authors) over topics. In this paper, we focus on the ability of topic models in modeling author interests and influence. We introduce a pair-wise based learningto-rank algorithm into the topic modeling process with the hypothesis that investigating and exploring the prior-knowledge on authors’ different importance over topics can help to achieve more accurate and cohesive topic modeling results. Moreover, the framework integrating learning-to-rank mechanism with topic modeling can help to facilitate ranking in new authors. In this paper, we particularly apply this integrated model into two applications: the task of predicting future award winners of research communities, and predicting future PC members of scientific conferences. Experiments based on two real world data sets demonstrate that our proposed model can achieve competitive ranking performance with several state-of-the-art learning-to-rank or topic modeling algorithms.
Locating and Extracting Product Specifications from Producer Websites

Gathering product specifications from the Web is labor-intensive and still requires much manual work to retrieve and integrate the information in enterprise information systems or online shops. This work aims at significantly easing this task by introducing algorithms for automatically retrieving and extracting product information from producers’ websites while only being supplied with the product’s and the producer’s name. Compared to previous work in the field, it is the first approach to automate the whole process of locating the product page and extracting the specifications while supporting different page templates per producer. An evaluation within a federated consumer information system proves the suitability of the developed algorithms. They may easily be applied to comparable product information systems as well to minimize the effort of finding up-to-date product specifications.