Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can We Use 1D Models to Predict 3D Model Response to Forcing in an Idealized Framework?

Single‐column models (SCMs) simulations are sometimes used to evaluate model physics and aid parameterization development. However, few studies have systematically compared SCM behavior—where column boundary conditions are specified—with that of corresponding 3D models, where columns interact dynamically. Here we address this by comparing forced responses of an SCM in radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) with those of a multi‐column model (MCM) where the model domain is in RCE but individual columns are not, examining what factors affect the models' comparability. We find that convective organization in the MCM depends at least as much on the convection scheme as on other mechanisms known to organize convection (e.g., radiative feedback). Moreover, convective organization emerges as a robust factor affecting SCM–MCM comparability, with more aggregated states in 3D associated with larger behavior deviations from the 1D counterpart. This is found across five convection schemes and applies to simulated mean states, linear responses to small tendency perturbations, and adjustments to doubled‐CO2 forcing. Nevertheless, we find that even when convection is organized, behavior differences between pairs of schemes in the SCM are largely preserved in the MCM. This indicates that when model physics produces accurate behavior in a 1D setup, it will be more likely to do so in a 3D setup. However, our idealized RCE framework implies that these conclusions may not apply to situations with strong large‐scale forcing or encountered over land. Lastly, we demonstrate the practical value of linear responses by showing that they can accurately predict an SCM's tropospheric adjustment to doubled‐CO2 forcing.
Direct Bragg Grating Inscription in Single Mode Step-Index TOPAS/ZEONEX Polymer Optical Fiber Using 520 nm Femtosecond Pulses

We experimentally report fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in a single mode step-index polymer optical fiber (POF) with a core made of TOPAS and cladding made of ZEONEX using 520 nm femtosecond pulses and a point-by-point (PbP) inscription method. With different pulse energies between 9.7 nJ and 11.2 nJ, 12 FBGs are distributed along the cores of two pieces of POFs with negative averaged effective index change up to ~6 × 10−4 in the TOPAS. For POF 1 with FBGs 1–6, the highest reflectivity 45.1% is obtained with a pulse energy of 10.6 nJ. After inscription, good grating stability is reported. Thanks to the post-annealing at 125 °C for 24 h, after cooling the grating reflectivity increases by ~10%. For POF 2 with FBGs 7–12, similar FBG data are obtained showing good reproducibility. Then, the FBGs are annealed at 125 °C for 78 h, and the average reflectivity of the FBGs during the annealing process increases by ~50% compared to that before the annealing, which could be potentially applied to humidity insensitive high temperature measurement.
Mid-Term Clinical Outcomes Following Drug-Coated Balloons in Coronary Artery Disease

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term efficacy of drug-coated balloons (DCB) in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in two different pathophysiologic scenarios. Background: There are different underlying pathological processes in coronary artery disease. Mid-term safety and efficacy of DCB approach is still limited. Methods: Medical records of all consecutive patients undergoing DCB were evaluated. The primary endpoint was the rate of clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) after 24 months. Results: Between January 2011 and December 2017, 442 patients were included, representing 4.4% of all PCIs in our institution. A total of 460 DCB lesions were treated, of which 328 (71.3%) were de novo and 132 (28.7%) were combined bare metal or drug-eluting stents with in-stent restenosis (ISR). The patients’ mean age was 66.2 ± 11.7 years with a diabetes prevalence of 45.3%. The TLR rate was lower in the de novo group (5.3%) compared to the ISR group (9.4%) (p = 0.04). No differences were observed in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) between the de novo group (38.9%) and ISR group (42.5%) (p = 0.47). No significant differences were detected in the TLR occurrence in the subgroup analysis. Conclusion: Our extended experience demonstrates that the mid-term DCB approach in these two pathophysiologic settings represent a reasonable option, with low TLR rate.
Creative Arts Therapy in the “Remote Therapeutic Response” Format in the Education System

Many creative arts therapists work in the education system on a regular basis. As a result of the pandemic, all have had to treat students in a “remote therapeutic response” format. The aim of the present study was to map creative arts therapists’ perceptions of the “remote therapeutic response” in the education system. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 creative arts therapists who participated in the study. The consensual qualitative research approach yielded seven domains: (1) the emotional experiences of transitioning to a remote therapeutic response; (2) the implementation of the remote therapeutic response; (3) benefits of remote creative arts therapy; (4) challenges in remote creative arts therapy; (5) remote contact with parents; (6) working in the educational system; (7) insights and recommendations. Although the findings show that creative arts therapists believe that remote creative arts therapy will never be a fully satisfactory replacement for most clients, remote work, despite its many difficulties and challenges, has also opened the door to new possibilities in the world of creative arts therapy in the education system.
Antennas and Propagation for Body-Centric Wireless Communications

Many phantom models with detailed external and internal features have been introduced in recent years by researchers and are now provided with commercial electromagnetic simulators. Phantoms vary in size, resolution, internal structure and posture. Although some phantoms can be posed, it is not straightforward to recreate the exact positions of test subjects for validation purposes. This section focuses on creating a moving human model with postures closely corresponding to those used in measurements to be used for validation in EM software.
Cytpchrome P450 CYP4G68 Is Associated with Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam Resistance in Field Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Gennadius)

The superfamily cytochrome P450s is involved in the evolution of insecticide resistance. However, whether CYP4G68, a differentially expressed gene identified from our transcriptomics analysis, confers resistance to the world’s heavily used insecticide class neonicotinoids is unknown. Hence, we explored the role of CYP4G68 in conferring imidacloprid and thiamethoxam resistance in Bemisia tabaci. The species B. tabaci MED developed low-to-high resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. Exposure to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam significantly increased the expression of CYP4G68. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that CYP4G68 was remarkably overexpressed in imidacloprid-resistant and thiamethoxam-resistant strains compared to susceptible strains. Further correlation analysis showed that CYP4G68 expression was significantly positively correlated with the associated resistance level in various strains of B. tabaci. These results suggest that the enhanced expression of CYP4G68 appears to mediate imidacloprid and thiamethoxam resistance in B. tabaci. Additionally, silencing CYP4G68 via RNA interference strongly increased the susceptibility of B. tabaci MED to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. Collectively, this work revealed that CYP4G68 plays a vital role in imidacloprid and thiamethoxam resistance in B. tabaci MED. These findings will not only advance our understanding of the role of P450s in insecticide resistance but also provide a great potential target for the sustainable control of destructive insect pests such as whiteflies.
Optimal oil production network control using Modelica

In the last decade several works have developed techniques to solve the steady state production optimization problem. At the same time, control engineers have used optimization to control the dynamics of wells, separators and other production network elements. This work aims to fill the gap between this two distinct areas of study. It tries to answer a common question that arises when developing static optimization problems, what is happening with the system dynamics? For this, a dynamic model of an oil and gas production network was developed. It contains the main elements: wells, manifolds, pipelines, separators, gas compressors and gas-lift injection line. A system modelling language named Modelica was used to transcript these models, so they could be used in the computational environment JModelica.org. This environment connects state-of-the-art tools to simulation and optimization of dynamic systems. Beside creating a tool that allows the understanding of what is happening in the dynamic domain, this works proposes to solve a dynamic problem that might be unnoticed in other formulations. A problem where a scheduled compressors maintenance will reduce the compressors flow capacity and if not well handled may lead to a temporary flare condition. Three optimization problems are formulated and compared. At first an naive approach that only tracks a setpoint is proposed. After, a production maximization problem is created. At last, a combination of tracking and flare minimization is suggested. Each optimization problem is discretized using the collocation method, a explicit formulation that discards the use of simulators. The optimization is solved using the IPOPT nonlinear solver. The Jacobians, Hessians, and gradients are obtained using the CasADi automatic differentiation tool. After the analysis of the results, it is seen that the an approach that treats the dynamics is necessary and the lack of such treatment leads to a flaring condition. Both, the production maximization and the tracking formulation with high penalization, were able to solve the problem without using the flare.
Mesh‐free models for static analysis of smart laminated composite beams

This paper is concerned with the development of mesh‐free models for the static analysis of smart laminated composite beams. The overall smart composite beam is composed of a laminated substrate composite beam and a piezoelectric layer attached partially or fully at the top surface of the substrate beam. The piezoelectric layer acts as the distributed actuator layer of the smart beam. A layer‐wise displacement theory and an equivalent single‐layer theory have been used to derive the models. Several cross‐ply substrate beams are considered for presenting the numerical results. The responses of the smart composite beams computed by the present new mesh‐free model based on the layer‐wise displacement theory excellently match with those obtained by the exact solutions. The mesh‐free model based on the equivalent single‐layer theory cannot accurately compute the responses due to transverse actuation by the piezoelectric actuator. The models derived here suggest that the mesh‐free method can be efficiently used for the numerical analysis of smart structures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of Handover Control Parameters on Handover Performance in 5G and beyond Mobile Networks

Mobility management is essential in mobile communication networks to provide a smooth connection during users’ mobility. Handover control parameters (HCPs), such as handover margin (HOM) and time-to-trigger (TTT), are major and essential factors in mobility management that must be defined carefully to make efficient handover (HO) procedures. Their impact becomes more critical with the deployment of fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks and beyond (B5G). This is due to the different characterizations of next mobile networks, such as the use of millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands, the ultradense deployment of small base stations (BSs), large mobile connection traffic growth, and other more critical factors. The case becomes more sensitive with the high mobility speed scenarios. This study proposes different HCP system settings to be investigated and analyzed over B5G networks. They will be investigated with various mobile speed scenarios to illustrate their impact on the network performance. Various key performance indicators (KPIs) are considered to evaluate and validate system performance, such as reference signal received power (RSRP), HO probability (HOP), HO ping-pong (HOPP), radio link failure (RLF), HO interruption time (HIT), and HO failure (HOF). Results show that the various system settings provide different and significant impacts on the performance of B5G networks. Furthermore, the setting of HCP1 obtained the best performance in RSRP and RLF with -69.7 dBm and 4.8%, respectively, while the optimum performance of HOPP, HIT, HOP, and HOF is achieved in the HCP6 setting with 0%, 0.02 ms, 0.05%, and 0%, respectively. Moreover, the overall outcome of all HCP settings is 54.94%. These results indicate a tradeoff between RLF and HOPP with various HCP settings in B5G mobile networks. Thus, the HCP system settings must be adjusted carefully considering other factors, such as mobile environment and use case.
The ins and outs of the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract: An overview of cellular populations and anatomical connections

The body and brain are in constant two‐way communication. Driving this communication is a region in the lower brainstem: the dorsal vagal complex. Within the dorsal vagal complex, the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) is a major first stop for incoming information from the body to the brain carried by the vagus nerve. The anatomy of this region makes it ideally positioned to respond to signals of change in both emotional and bodily states. In turn, the cNTS controls the activity of regions throughout the brain that are involved in the control of both behaviour and physiology. This review is intended to help anyone with an interest in the cNTS. First, I provide an overview of the architecture of the cNTS and outline the wide range of neurotransmitters expressed in subsets of neurons in the cNTS. Next, in detail, I discuss the known inputs and outputs of the cNTS and briefly highlight what is known regarding the neurochemical makeup and function of those connections. Then, I discuss one group of cNTS neurons: glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)‐expressing neurons. GLP‐1 neurons serve as a good example of a group of cNTS neurons, which receive input from varied sources and have the ability to modulate both behaviour and physiology. Finally, I consider what we might learn about other cNTS neurons from our study of GLP‐1 neurons and why it is important to remember that the manipulation of molecularly defined subsets of cNTS neurons is likely to affect physiology and behaviours beyond those monitored in individual experiments.
Approaches to Increase Public Awareness on Cybersecurity

With the technological advancements recorded in the information and communication technology sector, security of the internet remains a major source of concern for users of these services. With the growing volume of cyberattacks in Nigeria, cybersecurity is a necessary consideration for all stakeholders. In lieu of this, Nigeria has taken concrete steps towards ensuring a secure cyberspace with the publication of its National Cyber Security Policy, National Cyber Security Strategy, and the enactment of the Nigeria Cybercrime (Prohibition, Prevention, etc.) Act, 2015. However, it is obvious that, cybersecurity awareness is still at its embryonic stage. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide approaches the Nigeria government should use to improve cybersecurity awareness. A mixed methodology was used to analysis the online survey that was conducted. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations are made to the Nigeria government on how to improve cybersecurity awareness.
Examining the Predictors of Mental Ill Health in Esport Competitors

Few research studies have examined the predictors of mental ill health in esports. This study addresses that gap by investigating stressors, sleep, burnout, social phobia anxiety and mental ill health in esport athletes. An online survey was disseminated to competitive student esport athletes (n = 313) residing in the UK. The survey included measures of stressors resulting from competing in esports, sleep quality, burnout, and social phobia, as well as outcome measures of mental ill health. Hierarchical regression analyses examined these relationships. All the hypotheses were supported, with stressors significantly predicting sleep quality, burnout, and social phobia anxiety, and stressors, sleep quality, burnout, and social phobia anxiety were all significant positive predictors of mental ill health. The strength of these predictions varied, for example, the daytime dysfunction subscale of sleep was a strong predictor of all outcome variables; two subscales of burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment and exhaustion significantly predicted each of the three mental ill health outcome variables, and two subscales of social phobia anxiety, fear and avoidance, significantly predicted mental ill health. Our study has important implications for player health in esports, highlighting interventions that could target specific aspects of stress, sleep, burnout, and social phobia anxiety to improve the mental health of those who compete in esports.
Uncertainty Analysis in Data-Scarce Urban Catchments

The evaluation of the uncertainties in model predictions is key for advancing urban drainage modelling practice. This paper investigates, for the first time in Mexico, the effect of parameter sensitivity and predictive uncertainty in an application of a well-known urban stormwater model. Two of the most common methods used for assessing hydrological model parameter uncertainties are used: the Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) and a multialgorithm, genetically adaptive multi-objective method (AMALGAM). The uncertainty is estimated from eight selected hydrologic parameters used in the setup of the rainfall-runoff model. To ensure the reliability of the model, four rainfall events varying from 20 mm to 120 mm from minor to major count classes were selected. The results show that, for the selected storms, both techniques generate results with similar effectiveness, as measured using well-known error metrics; GLUE was found to have a slightly better performance compared to AMALGAM. In particular, it was demonstrated that it is possible to obtain reliable models with an index of agreement (IAd) greater than 60 and average Absolute Percentage Error (EAP) less than 30 percent derived from the uncertainty analysis. Thus, the quantification of uncertainty enables the generation of more reliable flow predictions. Moreover, these methods show the impact of aggregation of errors arising from different sources, minimising the amount of subjectivity associated with the model’s predictions.
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Active Surveillance Against Surgery. Considerations of an Italian Working Group From a Systematic Review

Introduction Active surveillance is considered a viable option for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Since the last decade of the 20th century, this method has spread from Japan to other countries, but has not yet been fully accepted and validated by the major Western Scientific Societies. In 2016, a systematic review on the results of active surveillance was published, based on two articles that showed encouraging results. Other reviews published subsequently, were mainly based on articles from the Far East. The aim of this review is to assess the most recent results published from 2017 to 2020 on this subject. Materials and Methods A systematic literature search was performed on MEDLINE via PUBMED, Web of Science, and Scopus according to PRISMA criteria. The MESH terms “papillary thyroid microcarcinoma” and “active surveillance” were adopted. Tumor progression, secondary localizations, and quality of life were the main benchmarks. Results Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The increase in volume ranged from 2.7% and 23.2%; the occurrence of lymph node metastases from 1.3% to 29%; QoL was improved in both articles that addressed this topic. The level of evidence is considered low due to the retrospective and uncontrolled nature of most of the studies included in the review. Conclusion The evidence from the literature currently available on AS falls into two strands: a robust data set from the Japanese experience, and an initial experience from Western countries, whose data are still limited but which show a lack of substantial alerts against this practice. Further data is useful to validate the spread of Active Surveillance.
Ovarian Transcriptomic Analysis of Ninghai Indigenous Chickens at Different Egg-Laying Periods

Egg production is an essential indicator of poultry fertility. The ovary is a crucial organ involved in egg production; however, little is known about the key genes and signaling pathways involved in the whole egg-laying cycle of hens. In order to explore the mechanism of egg production at different stages of the egg-laying process, ovarian tissues from four chickens were randomly selected for transcriptome analysis at each of the three ages (145 d, 204 d, and 300 d in the early, peak, and late stages of egg laying). A total of 12 gene libraries were constructed, and a total of 8433 differential genes were identified from NH145d vs. NH204d, NH145d vs. NH300d and NH300d vs. NH204d (Ninghai 145-day-old, Ninghai 204-day-old, and Ninghai 300-day-old), with 1176, 1653 and 1868 up-regulated genes, and 621, 1955 and 1160 down-regulated genes, respectively. In each of the two comparison groups, 73, 1004, and 1030 differentially expressed genes were found to be co-expressed. We analyzed the differentially expressed genes and predicted nine genes involved in egg production regulation, including LRP8, BMP6, ZP4, COL4A1, VCAN, INHBA, LOX, PTX3, and IHH, as well as several essential egg production pathways, such as regulation adhesion molecules (CAMs), calcium signaling pathways, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. Transcriptional analysis of the chicken ovary during different phases of egg-lay will provide a useful molecular basis for study of the development of the egg-laying ovary.
FROM FARMS TO PHARMACEUTICALS: MULTIPLE COMPARISONS ENTERS THE 21ST CENTURY

The subject of multiple comparisons has early roots in statistical methods that were applied in agricultural sciences, often using simple methods with questionable properties popularized by no less than R.A. Fisher. More recently, problems of multiple comparisons have surfaced in the pharmaceutical sciences. In the extremely competitive and highly regulated pharmaceutical environment, it has become essential to take multiple comparisons more seriously, and to use more sophisticated methods. In this paper I describe the need for considering multiple comparisons, with special reference to the recent shift in approach to multiple comparisons in the pharmaceutical industry. I also offer speculations about the effect of this shift on how multiple comparisons will come to be viewed the 21 5t century.
Spatial driving forces of dominant land use/land cover transformations in Bako Tibe District, West Shewa, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT This study was designed to examine the trends of LULC transformation and driving forces over the last 35 years (1986 – 2020) in Bako Tibe District, Ethiopia. Results showed that cultivation and shrubland were dominant covering more than two-thirds of the total area. Trend analysis showed that cultivated land (33.26%) and built-up area (2.71%) increased over the years. In contrast, wetland, shrub and grassland had declined by 13.04%, 13.7% and 7.35%, respectively. The majority (96%) of respondents perceived expansion of cultivated land (81.1%) and wood extraction (73.6%) as principal proximate drivers while population growth (92.6) as the underlying factor.