Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Arabic-English Translation: Problems and Prospects

This research paper is designed with a view to looking into various problems of translating Arabic texts into English and fixing them with prospective and suitable solutions. As translation is a very sensitive and subtle task of language studies, it involves some serious issues to deal with. However, it becomes a more complex task when we translate from Arabic to English. So, a translator must have the critical linguistic knowledge in tackling both the surface and underlying relations of language. Translation also entails the transferring and transforming a variety of characteristic elements from one language into the other. As Arabic and English are of different and distant origins, any translation from one script into the other poses a lot of difficulties such as in the areas of vocabulary, grammar, sound, style and usage. The present paper addresses the problems relating to translating the Arabic texts, specially of the language, into English as well as resolving the obstructions in a practical, possible and acceptable way on the bases of types of readership, text, context, culture and so forth. To make this work more accessible to the non-native users of the Arabic language, Arabic IPA transcriptions are furnished wherever necessary.
The Relationship between Physical Dating Violence and Alcohol and Drug Use among High School Students in an Urban Florida County

Stacey B. Griner, MPH, CPH, RDH Michele Johnson Moore, PhD Kristina Wilson, PhD ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Physical dating violence (PDV) is associated with a number of serious behavioral and psychological consequences for adolescents who have been victimized. However, there are few studies investigating the relationship between PDV and alcohol and drug use specifically among high school students in Florida. This study analyzes data from the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey in an urban school district in Florida. Alcohol use, drug use, and sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with PDV. After controlling for individual factors, odds of experiencing PDV were higher among those who reported current alcohol use (aOR: 2.38, [95% CI 1.53-3.69]) and those who reported ever using methamphetamines (aOR: 2.87 [95% CI 1.14-7.23]) than those who did not. We discuss the implications for research to improve understanding of the antecedents, health impact, and methods of prevention for alcohol and drug use and PDV among Florida high school students.
Effect of Peer Education on the Resilience of Mothers of Children with Leukemia: A Clinical Trial

Background: Resilience has become a basic construct in theories and studies of welfare and mental health. The mother is the one most involved emotionally in the child’s cancer and its treatment and hence, she requires the most degree of resilience. Therefore, it is crucial to deploy effective methods to enhance the resilience of mothers. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of peer education on the resilience of mothers of children with
Transient phase transitions in single-crystal coppers under ultrafast lasers induced shock compression: A molecular dynamics study

Transient phase transitions in ⟨ 100 ⟩-oriented monocrystal coppers under ultrafast lasers induced shock compression are investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. Due to propagations and attenuations of compressive stress waves induced by ultrafast laser pulses, monocrystal coppers show distinct processes of structural phase transitions, i.e., first, face-centered cubic (FCC) → body-centered cubic (BCC), then BCC → FCC, then FCC → hexagonal close-packed (HCP), and finally some of HCP → FCC. The known Bain's phase transition path of FCC → BCC in copper is discussed in detail and the mechanisms are disclosed by using the modified Born stability criteria and the local minimum energy criterion. By considering the initiation of stacking faults, the mechanism of phase transition of FCC → HCP is well explained. Through the analysis of phonon spectra, the results show that both BCC and HCP phases are unstable phases of monocrystal coppers.Transient phase transitions in ⟨ 100 ⟩-oriented monocrystal coppers under ultrafast lasers induced shock compression are investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. Due to propagations and attenuations of compressive stress waves induced by ultrafast laser pulses, monocrystal coppers show distinct processes of structural phase transitions, i.e., first, face-centered cubic (FCC) → body-centered cubic (BCC), then BCC → FCC, then FCC → hexagonal close-packed (HCP), and finally some of HCP → FCC. The known Bain's phase transition path of FCC → BCC in copper is discussed in detail and the mechanisms are disclosed by using the modified Born stability criteria and the local minimum energy criterion. By considering the initiation of stacking faults, the mechanism of phase transition of FCC → HCP is well explained. Through the analysis of phonon spectra, the results show that both BCC and HCP phases are unstable phases of monocrystal coppers.
Identifying Consumer Perceptions of Fresh-market Blackberries

Blackberries are grown worldwide for commercial fresh markets, but there is limited information on consumer perceptions of this fruit. In this study, physiochemical and consumer sensory attributes of three Arkansas-grown fresh-market blackberry genotypes were evaluated and consumer perceptions of fresh-market blackberries were also investigated though an online survey. Two cultivars (Natchez and Ouachita) and one advanced selection (A-2418) were evaluated for compositional and nutraceutical analysis and consumer sensory analysis. Natchez had the highest berry weight, length, drupelets and pyrenes/berry, and pyrene weight/berry. Ouachita had the highest soluble solids content (11.9%), pH (3.18) and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio (10.92). There were no significant differences between genotypes for titratable acidity, organic acids, sugars, and most of the nutraceuticals. In a sensory panel (n = 80) of these genotypes, consumers rated Natchez highest in overall impression, overall flavor, and sweetness, and Natchez was ranked as the most liked blackberry more often than Ouachita or A-2418 on a 9-point verbal hedonic liking scale and 5-point Just About Right scale. An online consumer survey (n = 879) was done to gain information on consumers’ opinions and habits relating to fresh-market blackberries. Results indicated the most important factors to influence blackberry purchases are the freshness of the berries, the type and size of package, the uniformity of berry color, and the price. Results also suggested consumers prefer larger sized blackberries and blackberries with an oblong shape. Identifying marketability attributes of fresh-market blackberries helps provide information to advance breeding efforts for fruit with commercial potential.
Influence Of 200 mm Hg Occlusion Pressure on Arterial Blood Flow in Skeletal Muscles and Physical Working Capacity

Research background and hypothesis. Different weights, resistance, scope of work, rest periods, frequency, and performance velocity are used to increase strength in training sessions. The traditional training facility with high resistance can be replaced by low resistance while limiting muscle blood flow. Hypothesis: a single 15-minute 200 mm Hg occlusion pressure can affect physical working capacity and blood flow intensity.Research aim. was to analyze changes in the intensity of the calf muscle arterial blood flow and physical working capacity with and without 200 mm Hg pressure occlusion. Research methods. were dynamometry, ergometry, venous occlusive plethysmography. The control group included six and experimental group – 12 male athletes in endurance sports. In both groups we recorded arterial blood flow at rest and after 75% of maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC) physical work lifting a weight until complete fatigue. Between the first and second physical workloads in the experimental group we applied 15 min occlusion with 40 mm wide cuff in the groin area.Research results. During the physical load in the control group, arterial blood flow significantly increased, and during recovery it did not reach to baseline. In the experimental group arterial blood flow significantly increased and during recovery it did not reach the baseline. Blood flow intensity both the first and the second physical loads altered analogically. Before the second physical load in the experimental group, 200 mm Hg occlusion had a negative effect on skeletal muscle working capacity compared with the passive rest in the control group.Discussion and conclusions. Occlusion of 200 mm Hg in the groin area reduces arterial blood flow intensity in calf skeletal muscles. Immediately after the removal of 200 mm Hg occlusion, arterial blood flow intensity increases and then decreases to its original value. 200 mm Hg occlusion pressure reduces blood flow intensity in the skeletal muscles. Before the second physical load, 200 mm Hg occlusion decreases skeletal muscle working capacity compared with passive rest in the control group.Keywords: occlusion, physical working capacity, arterial blood ﬂow.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Grey-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae)

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Grey-streaked Flycatcher (Muscicapa griseisticta) has been determined by the polymerase chain reaction method for the first time using the muscle tissue. The overall base composition of grey-streaked flycatcher mitogenome is 29.3% for A, 31.9% for C, 14.9% for G, and 23.9% for T. The percentage of G + C content is 46.8%. The total length of the sequence is 17,897 bp, which contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 2 control regions. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 12 protein-coding genes and 2 rRNA genes of 16 passeriformes species’ mitochondrial genomes using maximum likelihood (ML) demonstrated that Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis) is the most closest to Grey-streaked Flycatcher.
Relationship between Physical Activity and Health-Related Physical Fitness in 16-Year-Old Boys

Research background and hypothesis. It is well established that regular physical activity (PA) has many short- and long-term beneﬁ ts for children’s health. Physically active children are more physically ﬁ t than their physically inactive counterparts. Insufﬁ cient physical ﬁ tness of adolescents is one of the risk factors for chronic diseases and has a tendency to be carried over into adulthood. Research aim was to examine health-related physical ﬁ tness in low, moderate and vigorous physical activity categories among 16-year-old schoolboys.Research methods. The participants were 155 healthy schoolboys of the 10 th grade from secondary schools of Kaunas (Lithuania). Their physical activity was measured by a modiﬁ ed short form of the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ) (Craig et al., 2003). The respondents were divided in three PA categories: high (vigorous) (VPA) (n = 43), moderate (MPA) (n = 63), and low (LPA) (n = 49). Physical ﬁ tness tests were performed to measure participants’ ﬂ exibility (by sit-and-reach test) (Euroﬁ t, 1993), power (by vertical jump test), and muscular strength and endurance (by modiﬁ ed push-up test) (Suni et al., 1994). Research results. There were no signiﬁ cant differences between the boys in different PA groups in respect of anthropometrical and body composition parameters (p > 0.05). The results of health-related physical ﬁ tness tests were signiﬁ cantly better of the VPA group boys (p < 0.05). The total volume of PA correlated with all health-related physical ﬁ tness components that were measured (r = 0.23–0.38, p < 0.01). Discusion and conclussions. We may conclude that health-related physical ﬁ tness is positively related to the total amount of physical activity in 16-year-old schoolboys.Keywords: frequency, duration, intensity, volume, physical activity, physical fitness.
Raman Imaging Spectroscopy: History, Fundamentals and Current Scenario of the Technique

Raman imaging spectroscopy is a relatively new technique that has raised interest in several areas of knowledge due to the possibility of evaluating the spatial distribution of compounds based on their spectra. This paper presents a brief history of the development of this important technique, a theoretical description of the Raman effect and the preprocessing and processing (both univariate and multivariate) tools for Raman data. We also describe the current state of applications for major areas such as agriculture/biomass, environment, biology, medicine, pharmaceutical, geology, foodstuff, artwork, archaeology, material characterization and forensic.
Algorithms for Data analysis and first results of automatic data acquisition with GPS and LBS on tractor-implement combinations

Improved farm management, optimised decision support systems and the traceability of farm products require automated acquisition of geo-referenced proccss data. Using a standardised electronic communication system on the tractor and the implements together with the satellite positioning system GPS affordable and reliable systems can be established. Based on the agricultural BUS System LBS DIN 9684 the implement indicator IMI serves to identify equipment without own electronics and to run specific measurement programs. A specific task controller programmed with the open source library LBSlib, collects data and stores them on a PCMCIA card. To analyse and to aggregate the data collected in such a system, measurement programs on the IMI and a database application named IMIlyzer were also developed and tested.
Left parietal tACS at alpha frequency induces a shift of visuospatial attention

Background Voluntary shifts of visuospatial attention are associated with a lateralization of occipitoparietal alpha power (7-13Hz), i.e. higher power in the hemisphere ipsilateral and lower power contralateral to the locus of attention. Recent noninvasive neuromodulation studies demonstrated that alpha power can be experimentally increased using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). Objective/Hypothesis We hypothesized that tACS at alpha frequency over the left parietal cortex induces shifts of attention to the left hemifield. However, spatial attention shifts not only occur voluntarily (endogenous), but also stimulus-driven (exogenous). In order to study the task-specificity of the potential effects of tACS on attentional processes, we administered three conceptually different spatial attention tasks. Methods 36 healthy volunteers were recruited from an academic environment. In two seperate sessions, we applied either high-density tACS at 10Hz, or sham tACS, for 35-40 minutes to their left parietal cortex. We systematically compared performance on endogenous attention, exogenous attention, and stimulus detection tasks. Results In the Endogenous attention task, we found a greater leftward bias in reaction times during left parietal 10Hz tACS as compared to sham. There were no stimulation effects in the exogenous attention or stimulus detection task. Conclusion The study shows that high-density tACS at 10Hz can be used to modulate visuospatial attention performance. The tACS effect is task-specific, indicating that not all forms of attention are equally susceptible to the stimulation.
On the Outage of Underlay CR-NOMA Networks With Detect-and-Forward Relaying

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered to be one of the promising multiple access (MA) techniques for 5G networks that can provide low latency, high system throughput, and massive connectivity. This paper studies an underlay cognitive radio (CR)-NOMA relaying network, where a secondary source communicates with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> NOMA secondary destination users (SDUs) by a means of a detect-and-forward secondary relay under imperfect channel state information conditions. We derive generalized outage probability (OP) expressions in closed form for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> NOMA-enabled SDUs. Moreover, we evaluate the OP of the CR-NOMA and conventional CR orthogonal MA schemes to show the superiority of the former. Finally, simulations are performed to corroborate the accuracy of the analytical results.
From local landscapes to international policy: contributions of the biocultural paradigm to global sustainability

Non-technical summary Nature and culture are intricately linked and the rapid loss of both biological and cultural diversity around the globe has led to increasing concerns about its effects on sustainability. Important efforts to understand biocultural relations and bolster sustainable practices have been made by scientists, local communities, civil society organizations and policy makers. In spite of their efforts, a stronger articulation between sectors and biocultural discourses is needed for a broader transformative impact. Here, we analyse the connections between prominent biocultural discourses and discuss how the biocultural paradigm can contribute to both local and global sustainability. Technical summary Biocultural diversity refers to the interdependence between biological and cultural diversity, indicating how significant ensembles of biological diversity are managed, conserved and created by different cultural groups. In the face of the rapid decline of both biological and cultural diversity around the globe, biocultural discourses produced by scientists, practitioners and policy makers have attempted to promote knowledge and actions that contribute to halt such losses. We propose that biocultural approaches, collectively referred to as the biocultural paradigm, can contribute to both local and global sustainability but that a stronger articulation between sectors and biocultural discourses is needed for a broader transformative impact. We analyse some of the main differences and connections between prominent biocultural discourses in the context of sustainability. We propose that biocultural approaches should recognize and articulate an ontological dimension of biocultural diversity, an epistemological dimension through systems thinking, and an ethico-political dimension taking explicitly into account plural values, governance systems and power relations. Ontological, epistemological and ethico-political dimensions of the biocultural paradigm are interconnected and manifested through cultural practices and power relations embedded in specific biocultural landscapes.
An Improved Mechanism for Universal Sentence Representations Learnt from Natural Language Inference Data Using Bi-directional Information

BiLSTM with max pooling is adopted as a well-performed supervised universal sentence encoder. Max pooling is a common mechanism to get a fixed-size sentence representation. But we find that the max pooling for sentence encoder discards some useful backward and forward information at each time step and depends on a large number of parameters. In this paper, we propose an improved pooling mechanism based on max pooling for universal sentence encoder. The proposed model uses three kinds of methods to refine the backward and forward information at each time step, and then use a max-pooling layer or attention mechanism to obtain a fixed-size sentence representation from variable-length refined hidden states. Experiments conducted on Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) Corpus, and we use it as a pretrained universal sentence encoder for transfer tasks. Experiments show that our model with less parameters performs better.
Scaling the spatial fluctuation of spontaneous emission suppression in photonic crystals

The propagation and emission of light in a real photonic crystal is routinely affected by the intrinsic disorder and its finite-size. Thus, theoretical calculation based on the notion of a defect free crystal with an infinite thickness is irrational in the real world experiments. Here, we report an acute modification of light propagation and emission induced by the finite-size of the crystal. We have measured the emission intensity and rate from single domain of the crystal to study the finite size effect on the spontaneous emission suppression. The results show spatial fluctuation of spontaneous emission suppression across domains that have a linear scaling with crystal size. The results have implications in contriving devices pertaining to controlled spontaneous emission such as in cavity quantum electrodynamics.
Traffic Pattern Mining and Forecasting Technologies in Maritime Traffic Service Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Maritime traffic service networks and information systems play a vital role in maritime traffic safety management. The data collected from the maritime traffic networks are essential for the perception of traffic dynamics and predictive traffic regulation. This paper is devoted to surveying the key processing components in maritime traffic networks. Specifically, the latest progress on maritime traffic data mining technologies for maritime traffic pattern extraction and the recent effort on vessels’ motion forecasting for better situation awareness are reviewed. Through the review, we highlight that the traffic pattern knowledge presents valued insights for wide-spectrum domain application purposes, and serves as a prerequisite for the knowledge based forecasting techniques that are growing in popularity. The development of maritime traffic research in pattern mining and traffic forecasting reviewed in this paper affirms the importance of advanced maritime traffic studies and the great potential in maritime traffic safety and intelligence enhancement to accommodate the implementation of the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence technologies, and knowledge engineering and big data computing solution.
Group Cohesion and Climate in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Individuals with a First-Time DUI

ABSTRACT Few studies have examined group cohesion and climate in the substance use disorder treatment literature. We examined whether group cohesion and climate are associated with increased self-efficacy outcomes and reduced drinks per week, binge drinking and DUI behaviors, in a sample of individuals with a first-time DUI receiving either cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or usual care. Additionally, we examined whether CBT moderates these relationships. Group measures and drinking outcomes were not significantly associated. This study is the first to provide an in-depth analysis on group processes in DUI settings, and as such, provides important insights into how group processes may differ in a mandated DUI context.
Owning your message: Congressional candidates’ interactivity and issue ownership in mixed-gender campaigns

ABSTRACT When candidates lose, they must decide which campaign strategies to keep and which to abandon if they run again. Republicans Mia Love and Scott Brown had to make this decision after losing in 2012 and running again in 2014. This study examines Love, Brown, and their Democratic opponents to assess how they changed and potentially optimized their Twitter strategies in back-to-back mixed-gender elections. Results revealed two patterns. First, textual and visual interactivity were prevalent campaign strategies. Second, effective campaign strategies incorporated issue emphases that aligned with the candidate’s party- and/or gender-based political ownership, while simultaneously complimenting the nation’s economic conditions.