Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brand Royal: Meghan Markle, feuding families, and disruptive duchessing in Brexit era Britain

ABSTRACT Focusing on mainstream and tabloid news reporting and ancillary texts, this article analyses the media presentation of Meghan Markle’s intersectional identities through a rhetoric of the feuding famous family. We argue that the media discourse centred on family conflict and domestic drama used to characterise Markle’s position as a royal during the Brexit era both surfaces and suppresses the significance of her existential challenge to the normative racial, class, national and gendered attributes associated with British royalty. That discourse also obfuscates and trivializes the power struggle over the significant economic capital and political “soft power” associated with the British Royal Family brand.
What factors contribute to conversion to organic farming? Consideration of the Health Belief Model in relation to the uptake of organic farming by Iranian farmers

Organic Farming (OF) is a response to challenges caused by conventional or intensive agriculture. Successful organic production depends on farmers choosing to grow organic products. The main goal of this study is to analyze and identify factors affecting farmers’ willingness to implement OF in southwest Iran. For this, we borrowed the health belief model (HBM) from the health psychology domain. The study, a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey in Behbahan County, Khuzestan province, in southwest Iran, comprises 320 farmers who were selected through a multistage random sampling technique. The structural equations modeling reveals that four variables – cue to action, perceived barriers, general beliefs, and perceived benefits – account for 54% of the variance in farmers’ willingness toward OF. Furthermore, cue to action is the most important factor determining farmer willingness towards implementing OF. The results reveal that HBM has appropriate explanatory power and is an effective tool for investigating farmer willingness toward OF. It is suggested that government agencies use socio-psychological frameworks to develop organic agriculture. Additionally, as government agencies develop policies that increase OF, the consideration of how farmers perceive the benefits and barriers of implementing OF is critical, along with understanding their general beliefs and concerns about the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in conventional agriculture. Offering extension services is also key.
Hyperspectral Detection and Monitoring of Salt Stress in Pomegranate Cultivars

Advancements in the ability to detect plant responses to salinity are mandatory to improve crop yield, quality, and management practices. The present study shows the capability of hyperspectral reflectance (400–2400 nm) to rapidly and non-destructively detect and monitor the responses of two pomegranate cultivars (Parfianka, P, and Wonderful, W) under salt treatment (i.e., 200 mL of 100 mM NaCl solution every day) for 35 days. Analyzing spectral signatures from asymptomatic leaves, the two cultivars, as well as salinity conditions were discriminated. Furthermore, using a partial least squares regression approach, we constructed predictive models to concomitantly estimate (goodness-of-fit model, R2: 0.61–0.79; percentage of the root mean square error over the data range, %RMSE: 9–14) from spectra of various physiological leaf parameters commonly investigated in plant/salinity studies. The analyses of spectral signatures enabled the early detection of salt stress (i.e., from 14 days from the beginning of treatment, FBT), even in the absence of visible symptoms, but they did not allow the identification of the different degrees of salt tolerance between cultivars; this cultivar-specific tolerance to salt was instead reported by analyzing variations of leaf parameters estimated from spectra (W was less tolerant than P), which, in turn, allowed the detection of salt stress only at later times of analysis (i.e., slightly from 21 day FBT and, evidently, at the end of treatment). The proposed approach could be used in precision agriculture, high-throughput plant phenotyping, and smart nursery management to enhance crop quality and yield.
Comparison of adult census size and effective population size support the need for continued protection of two Solomon Island endemics

ABSTRACT Because a population’s ability to respond to rapid change is dictated by standing genetic variation, we can better predict a population’s long-term viability by estimating and then comparing adult census size (N) and effective population size (Ne ). However, most studies only measure N or Ne , which can be misleading. Using a combination of field and genomic sequence data, we here estimate and compare N and Ne in two range-restricted endemics of the Solomon Islands. Two Zosterops White-eye species inhabit the small island of Kolombangara, with a high elevation species endemic to the island (Z. murphyi) and a low elevation species endemic to the Solomon Islands (Z. kulambangrae). Field observations reveal large values of N for both species with Z. kulambangrae numbering at 114,781 ± 32,233 adults, and Z. murphyi numbering at 64,412 ± 15,324 adults. In contrast, genomic analyses reveal that Ne was much lower than N, with Z. kulambangrae estimated at 694.5 and Z. murphyi at 796.1 individuals. Further, positive Tajima’s D values for both species suggest that they have experienced a demographic contraction, providing a mechanism for low values of Ne . Comparison of N and Ne suggests that Z. kulambangrae and Z. murphyi are not at immediate threat of extinction but may be at genetic risk. Our results provide important baseline data for long-term monitoring of these island endemics, and argue for measuring both population size estimates to better gauge long-term population viability.
Quality of sleep among caregivers of Alzheimer disease patients: cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and represents a major health burden. Characterized by gradual decline in cognitive function, leading to dependency and changes in behavior and personality. Patients with AD need continuous care, which may affect the caregiver’s quality of life, including sleep quality. The aim of this study was to assess sleep quality among AD patients’ caregivers and its determinants in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 caregivers of AD patients at Abha Mental Health Hospital. The caregivers’ sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A global PSQI cutoff value of 5 or higher was considered as indicative of poor sleep quality.Results: Female caregivers’ constituted 53.6% of the sample, and 50% were below the age of 40 years. The majority of the caregivers (64.5%) reported that they had experienced sleep disturbances during past month and 10% needed medication approximately three or more times a week to help them sleep. Almost two-thirds of the caregivers (60%) spent more than 10 hours daily with their patients. Regarding sleep hygiene, 40.9% of the caregivers rated their sleep quality as poor and only 10.9% had good sleep quality.Conclusions: The burden on caregivers of AD patients is considerable and often under-recognized; in particular; most caregivers in the Saudi population were young and of working age. Poor sleep quality affected the caregivers’ day life activities but typically remained undertreated.
Fabricating Lattice Structures via 3D Printing: The Case of Porous Bio-Engineered Scaffolds

Over time, the fabrication of lattice, porous structures has always been a controversial field for researchers and practitioners. Such structures could be fabricated in a stochastic way, thus, with limited control over the actual porosity percentage. The emerging technology of 3D printing, offered an automated process that did not require the presence of molds and operated on a layer-by-layer deposition basis, provided the ability to fabricate almost any shape through a variety of materials and methods under the umbrella of the ASTM terminology “additive manufacturing”. In the field of biomedical engineering, the technology was embraced and adopted for relevant applications, offering an elevated degree of design freedom. Applications range in the cases where custom-shaped, patient-specific items have to be produced. Scaffold structures were already a field under research when 3D printing was introduced. These structures had to act as biocompatible, bioresorbable and biodegradable substrates, where the human cells could attach and proliferate. In this way, tissue could be regenerated inside the human body. One of the most important criteria for such a structure to fulfil is the case-specific internal geometry design with a controlled porosity percentage. 3D printing technology offered the ability to tune the internal porosity percentage with great accuracy, along with the ability to fabricate any internal design pattern. In this article, lattice scaffold structures for tissue regeneration are overviewed, and their evolution upon the introduction of 3D printing technology and its employment in their fabrication is described.
Blindness and deafness: A window to study the visual and verbal basis of the number sense

When children acquire numerical skills, they have to learn a variety of specific numerical tools. The most obvious are the numerical codes such as number words (one, two, three, etc.) or Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.). Other skills will be relatively more abstract: arithmetical facts (i.e., 4 × 2 = 8), arithmetical procedures (i.e., borrowing), or arithmetical laws (i.e., a + b = b + a). The acquisition of these numerical tools is complex and probably not facilitated by the fact that a numerical expression does not have a single meaning. Indeed, numbers can be used as a kind of label or proper name (i.e., Bus 51). They can also be part of a familiar fixed sequence (i.e., 51 comes immediately after 50 and before 52). They can be used to refer to continuous analogue quantities (i.e., 51,2 grams) (Butterworth, 2005; Fuson, 1988) and, most importantly, they can be used to denote the number of things in a set – the cardinality of the set. Children are able to understand the special meaning of cardinality because they possess a specific and innate capacity for dealing with quantities (Feigenson et al., 2004). Supporting the innate nature of the “number sense,” it has been found, for instance, that fetuses in the last trimester are already able to discriminate auditory numerical quantities (Schleger et al., 2014). A large set of behavioral studies using the classic method of habituation has also revealed sensitivity to small numerosities (e.g., Starkey & Cooper, 1980) in young children. In the study of Starkey and Cooper (1980), for example, slides with a fixed number of 2 dots were repeatedly presented to 4to 6-month-old infants until their looking time decreased, indicating habituation. At that point, a slide with a deviant number of 3 dots was presented and yielded significantly longer looking times, indicating dishabituation and therefore discrimination between the numerosities 2 and 3. This effect was replicated with newborns (Antell & Keating, 1983) and with various stimuli such as sets of realistic objects (Strauss & Curtis, 1981), targets in motion (Van Loosbroek & Smitsman, 1990; Wynn et al., 2002), twoand threesyllable words (Bijeljac-Babic et al., 1991), or puppet making two or three sequential jumps (Wood & Spelke, 2005; Wynn, 1996). However, it was not observed
Collection of low-grade waste heat for enhanced energy harvesting

Enhanced energy harvesting through the collection of low-grade waste heat is experimentally demonstrated. A structural optimization technique is exploited in the design of a thermal-composite substrate to guide and gather the heat emanating from multiple sources to a predetermined location. A thermoelectric generator is then applied at the selected focusing region to convert the resulting low-grade waste heat to electrical power. The thermal characteristics of the device are experimentally verified by direct temperature measurements of the system and numerically validated via heat conduction simulations. Electrical performance under natural and forced convection is measured, and in both cases, the device with optimized heat flow control plus energy harvesting demonstrates increased power generation when compared with a baseline waste heat recovery system. Electronics applications include energy scavenging for autonomously powered sensor networks or self-actuated devices.
Impact of pulmonary veins anatomy on outcome of cryoablation or radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation

Type of funding sources: None. BACKGROUND Pulmonary vein isolation is the cornerstone of interventional treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulmonary veins frequently display anatomic variants. If this influences the recurrence of AF after catheter ablation is still a matter of debate. PURPOSE Our aim was to determine if pulmonary vein anatomy variants influences the recurrence of AF after catheter ablation with radiofrequency or cryoablation. METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation who underwent pulmonary vein isolation by radiofrequency (RF) or cryoablation (CA) in a single center between January 2017 and September 2019. All patients underwent computed tomography before AF ablation. Within each treatment group (RF or CA), patients were stratified according to their PV anatomy in: regular (2 left PVs and 2 right PVs) or variant (left common trunk, right common trunk, bilateral common trunk, right intermediate branch or other). The primary end-point was 1-year recurrence of AF. Recurrence was defined as electrical documented AF. RESULTS A total of 425 patients (RF = 300 and CA = 125), aged 56.6 ± 11.7 years, 277 men (65.0%) were enrolled. The majority of patients had paroxysmal AF (n = 343, 81.5%). Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 1.12 ± 1.28. Regular PV anatomy was identified in 357 patients (84.0%), a left common trunk in 53 patients (12.5%), a bilateral common trunk in 5 patients (1.2%), a right intermediate branch in 3 patients (0.7%) and other mixed variants in 7 patients (1.6%). There were no significant differences in the baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics between groups. At 1-year follow-up, patients with atypical PV anatomy had more AF recurrence (regular 8.1% vs variant 16.2%; p = 0.037). Analyzing according to the ablation technique there was no difference in AF recurrence between PV anatomy groups in patients submitted to radiofrequency (regular 8.3% vs variant 13.0%; p = 0.224). On the other hand, in cryoablation group, patients with PV anatomic variant had significantly higher rates of 1-year AF recurrence (regular 7.8% vs variant 22.8%; p= 0.033). The presence of atypical PVs anatomy seems to be associated with higher rates of AF recurrence at 1-year in patients undergoing cryoablation. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the PV anatomy impact in the success of the procedure and if this needs to be accounted in the choice of ablation technique. Abstract Figure. Recurrence in AF after cryoablation
Connective action or collective inertia? Emotion, cognition, and the limits of digitally networked resistance

ABSTRACT Connective action, or individuals networking with each other online to form social movements, rarely leads to lasting change. In this study, we argue that such movements are ultimately ineffective because they struggle to sustain themselves over time and identify the reasons behind their transience. Our analysis focuses on Twitter conversations about Aadhaar, a biometric ID project that has raised concerns about data privacy and civil liberty in India, the world’s largest democracy. A computational mixed-methods approach incorporating social network analysis, sentiment analysis, and structural topic modeling demonstrates that connective action against Aadhaar failed to produce a sustained discourse of resistance, with people’s feelings toward and beliefs about Aadhaar vacillating sharply. The analysis draws attention to the power of brick-and-mortar social institutions, including the state and its agencies, political parties, courts, technology companies, and ‘legacy’ news media, in shaping and reshaping seemingly bottom-up discourses on digital platforms. It also identifies three interlinked weaknesses of connective action – the individualized nature of mobilization, excessive flexibility of social networks, and a negative emotional culture. We contend that in order to be effective, contemporary social movements need to utilize digital technologies for ‘collective’ action by forging collective identities that bind participants affectively and cognitively, empower them against structures of social control, and enable them to commit to non-personal and long-term objectives.
Local control editing paradigms for part‐based 3D face morphable models

We propose an approach to construct realistic 3D facial morphable models (3DMM) that allows an intuitive facial attribute editing workflow. Current face modeling methods using 3DMM suffer from a lack of local control. We thus create a 3DMM by combining local part‐based 3DMM for the eyes, nose, mouth, ears, and facial mask regions. Our local principal component analysis (PCA)‐based approach uses a novel method to select the best eigenvectors from the local 3DMM to ensure that the combined 3DMM is expressive, while allowing accurate reconstruction. We provide different editing paradigms, all designed from the analysis of the data set. Some use anthropometric measurements from the literature and others allow the user to control the dominant modes of variation extracted from the data set. Our part‐based 3DMM is compact, yet accurate, and compared to other 3DMM methods, it provides a new trade‐off between local and global control. We tested our approach on a data set of 135 scans used to derive the 3DMM, plus 19 scans that served for validation. The results show that our part‐based 3DMM approach has excellent generative properties and allows the user intuitive local control.
Leading the way – foreign direct investment and dairy value chain upgrading in Uganda

Correspondence BjornVanCampenhout, International FoodPolicyResearch Institute andKU Leuven, Leuven,Belgium. Email: b.vancampenhout@cgiar.org Abstract Driven by increased demand from both local and export markets and facilitated by far-reaching liberalization and privatization policies, the dairy sub-sector in Uganda has undergone significant changes in the last decade. With a comparative advantage inmilk production, the southwest of Uganda has started to attract considerable Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in processing capacity, mainly targeting the export market. As a result, processing capacity increased five-fold and dairy became Uganda’s third most important export product, coming from negligible amounts a decade earlier. In this study, we use data collected at different nodes within the value chain to identify some of the key innovations in these value chains. This is done by comparing the area that received the bulk of FDI to a similar area that did not. Furthermore, we also provide an econometric analysis that focuses on the integration of value chain actors intomodern value chains more broadly defined. We find that dairy value chains are transforming rapidly, but innovations are more pronounced in areas that received the bulk of FDI. Our analysis further underscores the importance of milk collection centers, which often take the form of farmer cooperatives, in providing many of the support services that enable other actors in the value chain to produce sufficient milk, and maintain milk sanitation levels necessary for a modern export sector to emerge.
Divergence in heritable life history traits suggests potential for local adaptation and trade‐offs associated with a coal ash disposal site

Globally, human activities have resulted in rapid environmental changes that present unique challenges for wildlife. However, investigations of local adaptation in response to simultaneous exposure to multiple anthropogenic selection pressures are rare and often generate conflicting results. We used an in situ reciprocal transplant design within a quantitative genetic framework to examine how adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to the persistence of an amphibian population inhabiting an environment characterized by high levels of multiple toxic trace elements. We found evidence of phenotypic divergence that is largely consistent with local adaptation to an environment contaminated with multiple chemical stressors, tied to potential trade‐offs in the absence of contaminants. Specifically, the population derived from the contaminated environment had a reduced risk of mortality and greater larval growth and in the contaminated environment, relative to offspring from the naïve population. Further, while survival in the uncontaminated environment was not compromised in offspring from the contaminant‐exposed population, they did show delayed development and reduced growth rates over larval development, relative to the naïve population. We found no evidence of reduced additive genetic variation in the contaminant‐exposed population, suggesting long‐term selection in a novel environment has not reduced the evolutionary potential of that population. We also saw little evidence that past selection in the ASH environment had reduced trait plasticity in the resident population. Maternal effects were prominent in early development, but we did not detect any trends suggesting these effects were associated with the maternal transfer of toxic trace elements. Our results demonstrate the potential for adaptation to multiple contaminants in a wild amphibian population, which may have facilitated long‐term persistence in a heavily impacted environment.
People’s Fast Moving Detection Method in Buses Based on YOLOv5

To ensure the public’s safety such as in buses, it is very important to accurately judge people’s behaviors and give early warnings. If by watching the video surveillance manually, the cost will be very high, and it cannot be effectively popularized, so video automatic monitoring is preferred. For buses, its environmental space is closed as well as narrow, and at the same time, it is often in a non-stationary state, so traditional behavior detection methods cannot be used here as they are easily affected by moving environment and difficult to fulfill object behavior identification in real time. Aiming at this problem, for people’s fast-moving in buses, a kind of detection method based on YOLOv5 is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the method detects people through one-stage object detection. Secondly, in order to obtain the person's movement trajectory quickly and accurately, an improved two-stage object matching algorithm is designed to track different people. Then, the speed curves of a person during normal activities and fast moving are compared. Finally, an abnormal alarm mechanism is constructed to realize the effective fast movement alarm. Surveillance video in the bus was used to test and evaluate the effectiveness of the method. Results show that the accuracy rate of our method can get 95.4%.