Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community forestry for environmental sustainability and ecotourism: the context and problems in Indonesia

Social forestry is one of the programs delivered by the Indonesian government to distribute forest ownership to society. The program consisted of village forest, customary forest, community forest, a people forest plantation, and partnership for forestry. This study merely focused on the community forest in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the context and problems during the implementation process of permit delivery for community forests in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A qualitative method was used in this research to understand the case of community forests in the study site. Data were collected using an interview, non-participant observation, and secondary document. We find that many groups of farmers have not received the permit for forestry management because of regulatory constraints. The problems are induced by many policies in the forestry sector regulating various forms of forest management permits contradicting the principle of the decentralized forest management policy. We recommend to the government to simplify the process of forest permit management, especially for the community forest.
Antioxidant Activity and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Graded Extract of Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.)

Katuk leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. ) is believed to have medicinal properties, one of which is as an antioxidant. Its efficacy as an antioxidant cannot be separated from the phenolic and flavonoid compounds contained in katuk leaves. This study aims to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid levels as well as the antioxidant activity of graded extracts, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol extract of katuk leaves. The results showed that the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of each extract were significantly different. Antioxidant activity by the DPPH method was calculated at IC50 using quercetin as a comparison. The highest antioxidant potential was shown in the ethanol extract. Each extract has the potential as a sunscreen and ethanol extract provides the highest SPF value.
The Composition of Goat Milk Kefir Added with Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder

Goat milk kefir has gained popularity as a functional food. Incorporating natural ingredients with functional properties into kefir making could increase the functional properties in the kefir product. Moringa oleifera leaf has been extensively used for traditional medicine due to its multifunctional properties. This study aimed to investigate the chemical properties of goat milk kefir added with moringa leaf powder. The study was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design, using five treatments and five replicates (three replicates for each treatment). The additional levels of moringa leaf powder were 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 % w/w. The result showed that moringa leaf powder added to kefir making has significantly (P<0.05) increased acidity and decreased pH; however, the proximate analysis did not show a significant effect (P>0.05). Incorporating 2% moringa leaf powder could increase acidity by 58.61% and decrease pH by 8.53% compared to control. This study found that 2% moringa leaf added to the kefir making produced that the highest acidity (1.115%) and the lowest pH (5.07). The average compositions of total solids, fat, protein, ash, and carbohydrate in this study were 18,17%, 4.939%, 7.22%, 0.988%, and 5.019%, respectively.
Negative self-feedback induced enhancement and transition of spiking activity for class-3 excitability

Post-inhibitory rebound (PIR) spike, which has been widely observed in diverse nervous systems with different physiological functions and simulated in theoretical models with class-2 excitability, presents a counterintuitive nonlinear phenomenon in that the inhibitory effect can facilitate neural firing behavior. In this study, a PIR spike induced by inhibitory stimulation from the resting state corresponding to class-3 excitability that is not related to bifurcation is simulated in the Morris–Lecar neuron. Additionally, the inhibitory self-feedback mediated by an autapse with time delay can evoke tonic/repetitive spiking from phasic/transient spiking. The dynamical mechanism for the PIR spike and the tonic/repetitive spiking is acquired with the phase plane analysis and the shape of the quasi-separatrix curve. The result extends the counterintuitive phenomenon induced by inhibition to class-3 excitability, which presents a potential function of inhibitory autapse and class-3 neuron in many neuronal systems such as the auditory system.
Optimization and Improving Security in Web Browsers Using the Proxy Pattern

: Design patterns are general reusable solutions to a commonly occurring problem in software design. One of the important patterns is Proxy Pattern. It is used for improving security in many systems such as separating an interface from a number of alternate implementations, wrapping around a set of legacy classes and so on. In this paper, a solution for display the content of tables in web pages by using the Proxy Pattern is proposed. This solution optimizes operations in browsers and improves security of system.
Robot-Guided Open-Loop Insertion of Skew-Line Needle Arrangements for High Dose Rate Brachytherapy

—We present a study in human-centered automation that has potential to reduce patient side effects from high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT). To efﬁciently deliver radiation to the prostate while minimizing trauma to sensitive structures such as the penile bulb, we modiﬁed the Acubot-RND 7-axis robot to guide insertion of diamond-tip needles into desired skew-line geometric arrangements. We extend and integrate two algorithms: Needle Planning with Integer Programming (NPIP) and Inverse Planning with Integer Programming (IPIP) to compute skew-line needle and dose plans. We performed three physical experiments with anatomically-correct phantom models to study performance: two with the robot and one control experiment with an expert human physician (co-author Hsu) without the robot. All were able to achieve needle arrangements that meet the RTOG-0321 clinical dose objectives with zero trauma to the penile bulb. We analyze systematic and random errors in needle placement; total RMS error for the robot system operating without feedback ranged from 2 . 6 mm to 4 . 3 mm, which is comparable to the RMS error of 2 . 7 mm obtained in an earlier study for PPI-BT treatment using a robot with 3D ultrasound feedback. and impotence. art needle and dose planning algorithms with a modiﬁed needle insertion robot. Results suggest that the robot can achieve precision and accuracy comparable to that of expert human physician. This approach has applications to brachytherapy treatment for other organs and to other needle procedures such as biopsy and anesthetic injection.
SPARK PLASMA SINTERING THE COMPOSITES OF BIMODAL COPPER POWDERS

: The present work is devoted to analysis of relations between the physical, mechanical properties and microstructure of the material produced by spark-plasma sintering (SPS) of bimodal copper powders. The used starting powders were bimodal mixtures of nano-and micro-sized copper powders, including the pre heat treatment of these powders in a hydrogen atmosphere. As a result, it was studied the influence of sintering parameters on the final density, microstructure and mechanical properties of bimodal copper sintered compacts. It was also produced a comparison of physical and mechanical properties of sintered samples obtained by SPS and by hot pressing (HP) from these bimodal copper powders.
Multi-drug resistance and biofilm production among diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from stools of children with acute diarrheal disease

Background. Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) is an etiological agent of childhood diarrhea. Resistance against commonly used drugs in the empirical treatment of enteric infections has increased among DEC. Relationship between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in microorganisms have been widely reported. This study was aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance and biofilm production pattern among DEC pathotypes isolated from stools of children aged 0–5 years with acute diarrheal disease in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Materials and methods. Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 60 children and E. coli were isolated and identified using standard guidelines provided for laboratory diagnosis of enteric pathogens. Molecular identification was done by amplification of E. coli universal stress protein A (uspA) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Detection of virulent genes of DEC pathotypes was performed in a group of multiplex PCR using their specific primers. Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates while biofilms production was detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide dye in a 96-well plate. Results. DEC was isolated in 40 stools among which EIEC [40% (n = 16)] was commonly detected followed by ETEC [30% (n = 12)], EAEC [20% (n = 8)] and typical EPEC [10% (n = 4)]. Half of EAEC showed the highest multidrug resistance against ampicillin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline with the strongest biofilm production followed by all the EPEC which were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline with moderate biofilm production. All the LT-ETEC exhibited the least resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline with the weakest biofilm production. Conclusion. High frequency of the EIEC pathotype suggests its role as the primary etiological agent of diarrhea in children. Correlation between high drug resistance and biofilm production among the pathotype may indicate that biofilms may provide compatible uptake of resistance genes.
THE POLITICAL PROCESS OF STANDARD-SETTING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FINAL STANDARD

We have performed a single case study of the public consultation process of an accounting standard with major ﬁnancial implications, making it prone to induce intense lobbying. We studied the ability of the standard setting board, the IASB, to remain independent, i.e. not unduly aﬀected, by either a stakeholder group or a certain type of comment. Our ﬁndings do not suggest any disproportionate stakeholder inﬂuence, nor any disproportionate favoring of a certain type of argument. This predominantly is aligned with previous literature.
Vision‐based inter‐vehicle distance estimation for driver alarm system

Determining the position of the vehicles on road is an important information in the driver assistance system which is used to increase driver's safety. The authors propose a robust real-time vehicle detection and distance estimation method for vision-based driving assistance system. They detect the vehicles in front of their own and estimate their three-dimensional position by using a single monochrome camera. After detecting the preceding vehicles using the common method, they use a new method for distance measurement based on monocular camera to estimate the inter-vehicle distance. The method also provides the longitudinal distance information for the driver alarm system. Finally, they utilise the Kalman framework to update the information of the vehicle which they detected before, the information includes horizontal distance, vertical distance and speed, and use these information to predict risk. Experimental results indicate that the system correctly detects vehicles in real time and effectively estimates the position of preceding vehicles.
Techniques for Eﬃcient Spectrum Sensing in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Spectrum sensing is one of the most challenging and complex task in cognitive radio and it should be often performed by mobile devices with a limited battery life. So the development of eﬃcient techniques for advanced spectrum sensing in heterogeneous, ad hoc environments, such as those in emergency situations, is of crucial importance. In this context spectrum sensing can be completed by the determination of the spatial coordinates of the devices in order to achieve the full potential of ad hoc networks management. In this work we present two techniques for improving the eﬃciency of mobile devices involved in spatial spectrum sensing: design of eﬃcacious frequency synthesizers and hybrid localization for saving energy in the tracking process. Among the diﬀerent frequency synthesis techniques, we focus on the phase-locked loop (PLL) approach and we consider the optimization of the loop ﬁlter for the PLL in the light of Wiener theory by taking into account the phase noise aﬀecting the incoming carrier, the additive white Gaussian noise and the self-noise produced by the phase detector. Then we show an approach for improving the trade-oﬀ between energy consumption and performance in a localization tracking process, realized mixing active signal transmissions as well as passive signal reﬂections.
Including semi-supervision in a kernel matrix, with a view to interactive visual clustering

In this paper, a new kernel transformation procedure is described. It aims at incorporating a degree of supervision directly in the original pairwise similarities of a data set. The modiﬁed similarities can then be projected using a 2D kernel PCA [13], so as to reﬂect the compromise between genuine data and user knowledge, while being aﬀordable for visualization and interaction. Such semi-supervised projections are evaluated with synthetic and real data, in the context of a simulated visual clustering task. Randomly selected subsets of elements are chosen to hold a label, thus reproducing actual user interactions. The results show the eﬀectiveness of the method, with as few as one labelled element per class inducing tangible eﬀects.
LIVER CIRRHOSIS: A REVIEW

: Liver cirrhosis (LC), is the end-stage of chronic Liver disease, is the major risk factor contributing in the development of the Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). It is the leading cause of deaths worldwide being the 14 th most common death cause globally. According to previous studies, 1%-57% mortalities with 1-year has been reported on the sub classification of LC mortality. The Emerging trends in the management of LC patients is prevention, intervention, avoiding the clinical decompensating and liver transplantation. In this review we summarized the impact of LC on the management and prognosis of patients with primary Liver carcinoma or non-hepatic malignancies.
T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding Data Preprocessing Impact on Image Classification using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Image classiﬁcation in Machine Learning encompasses the task of identiﬁcation of objects in an image. The technique has applications in various areas such as e-commerce, social media and security surveillance. In this report the author explores the impact of using t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) on data as a preprocessing step when classifying multiple classes of clothing with a state-of-the-art Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). The t-SNE algorithm uses dimensionality reduction and groups similar objects close to each other in three-dimensional space. Extracting this information in the form of a positional coordinate gives us a new parameter which could help with the classiﬁcation process since the features it uses can be diﬀerent from that of the DCNN. Therefore, three slightly diﬀerent DCNN models receives diﬀerent input and are compared. The ﬁrst benchmark model only receives pixel values, the second and third receive pixel values together with the positional coordinates from the t-SNE preprocessing for each data point, but with diﬀerent hyperparameter values in the preprocessing step. The Fashion-MNIST dataset used contains 10 diﬀerent clothing classes which are normalized and gray-scaled for ease-of-use. The dataset contains 70.000 images in total. Results show minimum change in classiﬁcation accuracy in the case of using a low-density map with higher learning rate as the data size increases, while a more dense map and lower learning rate performs a signiﬁcant increase in accuracy of 4.4% when using a small data set. This is evidence for the fact that the method can be used to boost results when data is limited.
Reconstructing the Proto-Bantu Verbal Unit: Internal Evidence

The question I would like to address in this paper is: What was the nature of the verbal unit (VU) in Proto-Bantu (PB)? Pre-Proto-Bantu? As seen in (1), the stem constituent is universally accepted at the PB level, which consisted of (i) an obligatory verb root or radical, (ii) optional extensions (either derivational suffixes or formal “expansions”), and (iii) an obligatory inflectional final vowel (FV), e.g. the -a ending found in most verb forms.
Carcinoma of the Anus: A Concise Review of Loco-Regional Therapy

Carcinoma of the anus comprises a small portion of patients afflicted with gastrointestinal malignancies. Due to its anatomical location, patients tend to present with signs and symptoms localized to the anal canal or perianal skin. Typically presenting in advanced ages, carcinoma of the anus has been identified as a typical site of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While aggressive, cancer, carcinoma of the anus is one of the first anatomical sites successfully treated with organ preservation. Since the 1980’s therapy for anal cancer has evolved to continuous radiation management with concurrent chemo radiotherapy (CRT) excluding routine induction chemotherapy, maintenance chemotherapy or radiation boost therapy. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has demonstrated improvement in the radiation toxicity profile and advances in technology have enabled larger variations in patient set-up and dose-fraction delivery. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin (MMC) have been established as the standard systemic therapies, but pro-drugs of these agents have been tested in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. Biomarkers of human papillomavirus (HPV) status and imaging biomarkers select patients at higher risk of relapse or residual disease after conventional therapy, potentiating personally modified therapies in the future.
Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis of Thalassemias

Beta-Thalassemia major, beta-thalassemia-Hb E disease and Hb Bart’s disease are severe hereditary anemia which are prevalent in Thailand and neighborhood countries. Thalassemia syndromes and hemoglobinopathy cost significant health and economic burden and sometimes maternal morbidity and mortality. The present strategy to reduce new cases is population screening, prenatal genetic diagnosis (PND) and the option for termination of affected pregnancy (TOP) following thoroughly genetic counselling. The advances of reproductive technology and molecular genetics facilitate genetic testing of the embryos prior to transfer into the womb, therefore, embryo selection is possible. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) consists of sampling techniques from the embryos and molecular genetic analysis techniques. Polar body biopsy, cleavage stage embryo biopsy or blastocyst biopsy can be used for sampling DNA material from the embryos. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is employed for the analysis of thalassemia mutations. PGD is an alternative to the traditional PND, providing the couples at risk of having severe thalassemia babies an opportunity to get pregnant with a healthy one without the need for TOP. Since 2004, a total of 64 PGD cycles have been performed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, including 37 alpha-thalassemia, 5 beta-thalassemia and 22 beta-thalassemia-Hb E disease, giving rise to 24 healthy pregnancies (27 babies).
Reproducing Experimental Results from the Paper Collaborative Memory Network for Recommendation Systems

The goal of this paper is to try – based on careful experimental design – to confirm the numbers and findings reported in the Collaborative Memory Network for Recommendation Systems paper from the 2018 SIGIR conference [2] or, alternatively, uncover inconsistencies and therefore challenge the conclusions drawn. This is done by, first, identifying the experimental setup and strategy taken in the paper and afterwards, outlining the steps necessary to reproduce the results. Overall, our work should focus on potential problems in today’s published papers in terms of insufficient information given to reproduce the results or/and statistically significant differences between the different settings. We reproduced the results for the citeulike-a dataset with the three CMN models and challenged the outcome with the KNN baseline model. The 1-hop CMN model had different scores in our experiments. Based on the statistical significance testing we can conclude that we could reproduce similar results with the 2-hop and 3-hop CMN models. For the KNN model, we got better results than in the original paper but not significantly. But when adding run time as metric, the p-value indicates that KNN outperforms the CMN model and therefore, we are challenging the claim that CMN on citeulike-a outperforms the competitive baselines.
Characterization of polysaccharides puriﬁed from Lacquer tree seed cakes and its antioxidant activity

: Three polysaccharides, LTPS-1, LTPS-21 and LTPS-31 were isolated and puriﬁed from the seed cakes of lacquer tree using DEAE-52 cellulose and sephadex G-200 column chromatography . The total sugar contents of LTPS-1, LTPS-21 and LTPS-31 were 931.8, 958.2 and 895.1 g.kg -1 , respectively. LTPS-1(3.48 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, glucose and galactose in a ratio of 35.36:5.06:1:2. LTPS-21(11.4 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose and galactose in a ratio of 41.93:21.8:1.01:9.24. LTPS-31(19.49 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose and mannose in a ratio of 38.31:16.44:1.1. IR analysis suggested they contained lower sulfuric acids, the LTPS-21 and LTPS-31 belonged to β-type polysaccharide. Among the three polysaccharides, LTPS-21 exhibited the strongest reducing power, scavenging activity on ABTS and hydroxyl radicals. These ﬁndings suggested that polysaccharides from the seed cakes could be potentially developed as natural functional ingredients in the food and cosmetic industry.
Physicochemical Properties of Low Glycemic Index-High Fiber Rice Flour from Storage Rice Grain and Application on Chocolate Chip Cookies as Substitute for Wheat Flour

Chocolate chip cookies are classified as a medium to high glycemic index food (60-75). Thus, the objective of this study was to develop low glycemic index-high fiber chocolate cookies by using low glycemic index-high fiber (LGI-HF) rice flour. The LGI-HF rice flour was produced from two- year storage amylose rice by enzymatically and physical modification. The LGI-HF rice flour had 12.61, 50.45 and 30.66 % of moisture content, degree of crystallinity, resistant starch content and 54.67 of estimated glycemic index, respectively. The LGI-HF rice flour was applied in the cookies formulation at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % substituted for wheat flour. The result showed that 20 % of LGI-HF rice flour substitute of wheat flour was higher on total acceptance score by 30 panelists than the control cookies which contained 14.03, 5.99, 21.94, 1.55, 10.31, and 11.67 % of moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, carbohydrate and resistant starch content, respectively. An estimate glycemic index of the developed cookies was lower (60.63) than the control (72.01). Consumers test revealed that 99 % of the consumers accepted and decided to buy the developed chocolate chip cookies with 30 Baht per 100 grams.
The lure of modern science: Fractal thinking

We may not be able to make you love reading, but the lure of modern science fractal thinking will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.