Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identiﬁability of linear mixed eﬀects models

: In linear mixed eﬀects models, the covariance matrix of the response is modeled as the sum of two matrices: the product of the covariance matrix of the random eﬀects with the associated design matrix, and the covariance matrix of the residual error. Building a linear mixed model usually involves selection of the parametrized covariance matrix structures for the random eﬀects and the residual error. However, even if the covariance matrix of the response is not over-parametrized, some speciﬁcations of covariance structures can result in the non-identiﬁability of parameters. When ﬁtting such models, software may or may not indicate a problem with model identiﬁability. Consequently, it is useful to have a way to check if a model is identiﬁable which does not rely on the software output. We derive conditions for identiﬁability of the covariance parameters of the response and study commonly used covariance structures. The derived conditions only rely on the covariance structures being used and properties of the design matrix associated with the random eﬀects and are easy to check.
in leaves Visualizing embolism propagation in gas-injected leaves

light transmission embolism Abstract Since the xylem in leaves is thought to be at the greatest risk of cavitation, reliable and efficient methods to characterize leaf xylem vulnerability are of interest. We report a method to generate leaf xylem vulnerability curves (VCs) by gas injection. Using optical light transmission, we visualized embolism propagation in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera ) and red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) leaves injected with positive gas pressure. This resulted in a rapid, stepwise reduction of transmitted light, identical to that observed during leaf dehydration, confirming that the optical 27 method detects gas bubbles and provides insights into the air-seeding hypothesis. In red oak, 28 xylem VCs generated using gas injection were similar to those generated using bench 29 dehydration, but indicated 50% loss of conductivity at lower tension (~0.4 MPa) in grapevine. In 30 determining VC, this method eliminates the need to ascertain xylem tension, thus avoiding 31 potential errors in water potential estimations. It is also much faster (1 hour per VC). However, 32 severing the petiole and applying high-pressure gas could affect air-seeding and the generated 33 VC. We discuss potential artifacts arising from gas injection and recommend comparison of this 34 method with a more standard procedure before it is assumed to be suitable for a given species. 35
Analysis of the pinhole array illumination source for high precision wavefront error metrology

Rapid inspection of a projection optics incorporated to 193 nm excimer-exposure system is important for 90 nm node and beyond IC manufacturing. To overcome the problems of the collimator lens presented in high NA high accuracy wavefront error metrology with Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, a pinhole array is used as the illumination source, which produces an array of high NA and high accuracy spherical waves, and form a high brightness source. In this paper, the diffraction of the pinhole array is calculated by using finite-difference time domain method and the theory of partial coherence. The distribution of the pinhole array considered here includes square, hexagonal and random distribution. The results shown that, pinhole diameter and separation in pinhole array have significant influence on the intensity contrast of the diffracted light, and the light intensity diffracted by the random pinhole array is smoother than that diffracted by the square or hexagonal distribution pinhole array, and is preferential in high precision wavefront error metrology.
Evidence for the decay B0->eta pi^0

We report a search for the charmless hadronic decay $B^0\to\eta \pi^0$ with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 694 $\rm fb^{-1}$ containing $753\times10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs. The data were collected by the Belle experiment running on the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance at the KEKB $e^+e^-$ collider. We measure a branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^0\to\eta\pi^0)=(4.1^{+1.7+0.5}_{-1.5-0.7})\times 10^{-7}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Our measurement gives an upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^0\to\eta\pi^0)<6.5\times 10^{-7}$ at 90\% confidence level. The signal has a significance of $3.0$ standard deviations and constitutes the first evidence for this decay mode.
On theGeneration ofDrawing by -- A Method of Feature Using Neural Network Detection -

: 71he line chJawing is generated]iJom iuput image t! y using neurai network as foature detection. 77ie direction of etiges of the object in the image is detected as a local feature. Tlie primittvepattern is drewn on ouiput image according to the detected local.features. the various ouiput image is generated by changing the some parameters, 7;his system consists oj',tbature cletection part and drewing part. PPle describe oj'a method oj"making the training set by which the weights ofneural network is learnedso as to detect the tmpropriate.features. 71he cb'ewings by using this syrgtem and the dbtected local,features are shown, Kayword : tine drawingneural networh faature
Perspective taking and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

more than their ordinary work, and this behavior is called organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Individual factors have an essential role in bringing up OCB. One is the ability to see and understand from another's point of view, called perspective-taking. This research aimed to know the effect of perspective-taking on the OCB of an organization's members. Participants of this research were 197 undergraduate students, 56 males, and 141 females, with an age range from 18 – 23 years old. Data was collected online using two scales, the perspective-taking scale, and the OCB scale. The data analysis using simple regression in the SPSS program showed that perspective taking affects OCB.
Experiences in Ensemble-based Decision Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks

— Wireless sensor networks are often used to monitor and measure physical characteristics from remote or hostile environments. In these conditions, data accuracy is a very important aspect for the way these applications complete their objectives. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for detecting wireless sensors anomalies. Our methodology relies on an ensemble-based system, composed of multiple binary classifiers adequately selected to implement a complex decisional system on network base station.
Assessment of PERSIANN-CCS, PERSIANN-CDR, SM2RAIN-ASCAT, and CHIRPS-2.0 Rainfall Products over a Semi-Arid Subtropical Climatic Region

: This study compares the performance of four satellite-based rainfall products (SRPs) (PERSIANN-CCS, PERSIANN-CDR, SM2RAIN-ASCAT, and CHIRPS-2.0) in a semi-arid subtropical region. As a case study, Punjab Province of Pakistan was considered for this assessment. Using observations from in-situ meteorological stations, the uncertainty in daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall estimates of SRPs at pixel and regional scales during 2010–2018 were examined. Several evaluation indices (Correlation Coefﬁcient (CC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Bias, and relative Bias (rBias), as well as categorical indices (Probability of Detection (POD), Critical Success Index (CSI), and False Alarm Ration (FAR)) were used to assess the performance of the SRPs. The following ﬁndings were found: (1) CHIRPS-2.0 and SM2RAIN-ASCAT products were capable of tracking the spatiotemporal variability of observed rainfall, (2) all SRPs had higher overall performances in the northwestern parts of the province than the other parts, (3) all SRP estimates were in better agreement with ground-based monthly observations than daily records, and (4) on the seasonal scale, CHIRPS-2.0 and SM2RAIN-ASCAT were better than PERSIANN-CCS and PERSIANN. In all seasons, CHIRPS-2.0 and SM2RAIN-ASCAT outperformed PERSIANN-CCS and PERSIANN-CDR. Based on our ﬁndings, we recommend that hydrometeorological investigations in Pakistan’s Punjab Province employ monthly estimates of CHIRPS-2.0 and SM2RAIN-ASCAT products.
Fungal Biodegradation of the Biocide 2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-One

Isothiazolinones are the broad spectrum of biocides, frequently used as a mixture of 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) and 5-Chloro-2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-one (CMI), in personal hygiene products, air fresheners and wall paint. The aim of this work was to investigate the fungi present in wall paint and its components and evaluate the ability of them to grow in the presence of isothiazolinone and to degrade it. 30 strains were isolated and identified as being from 8 genera. Trichoderma was the most prevalent in the total range of isolated and Aspergillus was the most frequent in the deteriorated paint samples. T. longibrachiatum FB01, F. solani FB07 and A. niger FB14, that were able to grow on a solid medium containing 40 g L -1 of MIT, when cultivated in liquid media, were able to degrade this biocide. The growth of T. longibrachiatum FB01 was partially (25%) inhibited by the biocide. The growth of F. solani FB07 and A. niger FB14 were increased by the biocide by 32 and 50% in relation to the control. In the culture medium containing MIT after the cultivation of A. niger FB14, malonic, lactic, acetic, 2-oxi-butanoic and metoxi acetic acids were identified. In the culture samples of F. solani FB07, acetic, propionic, malonic, propanoic and 2-2-oxobutyric acids were identified and in the cultivation medium with T. longibrachiatum FB01, tartaric, acetic and 2-2-oxobutyric acids were found. It was proposed that the biodegradation of MIT by fungi generate similar organic acids determined in the photodegradation.
ON PROPERTIES OF ANALYTICALLY SOLVABLE FAMILIES OF LOCAL VOLATILITY DIFFUSION MODELS

We present some further developments in the construction and classification of new solvable one‐dimensional diffusion models having transition densities, and other quantities that are fundamental to derivatives pricing, representable in analytically closed form. Our approach is based on so‐called diffusion canonical transformations that produce a large class of multiparameter nonlinear local volatility diffusion models that are mapped onto various simpler diffusions. Using an asymptotic analysis, we arrive at a rigorous boundary classification as well as a characterization with respect to probability conservation and the martingale property of the newly constructed diffusions. Specifically, we analyze and classify in detail four main families of driftless regular diffusion models that arise from the underlying squared Bessel process (the Bessel family), Cox–Ingersoll–Ross process (the confluent hypergeometric family), the Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck diffusion (the OU family), and the Jacobi diffusion (the hypergeometric family). We show that the Bessel family is a superset of the constant elasticity of variance model without drift. The Bessel family, in turn, is nested by the confluent hypergeometric family. For these two families we find further subfamilies of conservative strict supermartingales and nonconservative martingales with an exit boundary. For the new classes of nonconservative regular diffusions we also derive analytically exact first exit time densities that are given in terms of generalized inverse Gaussians and extensions. As for the two other new models, we show that the OU family of processes are conservative strict martingales, whereas the Jacobi family are nonconservative nonmartingales. Considered as asset price diffusion models, we also show that these models demonstrate a wide range of local volatility shapes and option implied volatility surfaces that include various pronounced skew and smile patterns.
A Framework for High Efficiency Organic Gas Purification

: Higher energy prices rendered membrane-centered gas separation operations of traditional separation techniques much more economically dangerous over the past decades. Several mechanical processes associated with renewable fuels require the usage of membrane-centered partitions. The use of non-polymer molecules in polymeric film demonstrates an effective way to strengthen polymer surfaces for gases separation. A research for option of high-performance polymer matrices membranes, using a combination of atomist and continual modeling was performed in present article. A research of Metal organic frames is carried out. Contrasting and evaluation details for IR also enhanced the versions. The show of Matrimid and number of various polymers for CO2 / CH4 dissociation were also illuminated on unusually sensitive MOF. The technologies available here allow multiple opening doors for selecting variegated matrix film MOF / polymer configurations that provide helpful features to differentiate thickness.
OSCILLATIONS AT SUB-CENTENNIAL TIME SCALES IN THE SPACE CLIMATE OF THE LAST 150 YEARS *

The ‘space climate’ and ‘space weather’ concepts, developed in the last decades, get an increasing significance, as the technological development of humanity, which includes new and new space missions, on one hand, and an increasing need for ground technologies to transport the energy, on the other, is increasing. While space weather affects directly humanity on short terms, the space climate, which refers to long-term solar variability and its effects in the heliosphere and upon the Earth, induces subtler consequences. Our earlier results regarding the long-term evolution of the solar – terrestrial interactions ( e.g., Demetrescu, Dobrică, 2008; Demetrescu et al. , 2010) showed that signals at the solar magnetic (MC) and solar Gleissberg (GC) timescales can be found in any of the solar, heliosphere, magnetosphere and ionosphere parameters, and they are quite similar in the heliosphere – magnetosphere environment, pointing to a common pacing source, the solar dynamo. The present study is focused on the evolution of the coupled system heliosphere – magnetosphere, for the last 150 years, at the timescales of Hale (22 years) and Gleissberg (60–90 years) solar cycles, with a special regard to the low level of solar activity in the last solar cycle. The aim is to bring the information to the present, by using a different methodology, namely Hodrick and Prescott (1997) (HP) type analysis. The results complete the former ones to the present and characterize the space climate in the last 400 years, at the timescales
Running head: DETECTING ANCIENT INBREEDING Quantification of inbreeding due to distant ancestors and its detection using dense SNP data

Inbreeding depression, which refers to reduced fitness among offspring of related parents, has traditionally been studied using pedigrees. In practice, pedigree information is difficult to obtain, potentially unreliable, and rarely assessed for inbreeding arising from common ancestors who lived more than a few generations ago. Recently, there has been excitement about using SNP data to estimate inbreeding (F) arising from distant common ancestors in apparently ‘outbred’ populations. Statistical power to detect inbreeding depression using SNP data depends on the actual variation in inbreeding in a population, the accuracy of detecting that with marker data, the effect size, and the sample size. No one has yet investigated what variation in F is expected in SNP data as a function of population size, and it is unclear which estimate of F is optimal for detecting inbreeding depression. In the present study, we use theory, simulated genetic data, and real genetic data to find the optimal estimate of F, to quantify the likely variation in F in populations of various sizes, and to estimate the power to detect inbreeding depression. We find that F estimated from runs of homozygosity (Froh), which reflects shared ancestry of genetic haplotypes, retains variation in even large populations (e.g., SD=0.5% when Ne=10K) and is likely to be the most powerful method of detecting inbreeding effects from among several alternative estimates of F. However, large samples (e.g., 12K-65K) will be required to detect inbreeding depression for likely effect sizes, and so studies using Froh to date have probably been underpowered.
c-Jun NH 2 -Terminal Kinase Is Essential for the Regulation of AP-1 by Tumor Necrosis Factor

The c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). This pathway is implicated in the regulation of AP-1-dependent gene expression by TNF. To examine the role of the JNK signaling pathway, we compared the effects of TNF on wild-type and Jnk1 (cid:1) / (cid:1) Jnk2 (cid:1) / (cid:1) murine embryo ﬁbroblasts. We show that JNK is required for the normal regulation of AP-1 by TNF. The JNK-deﬁcient cells exhibited decreased expression of c-Jun, JunD, c-Fos, Fra1, and Fra2; decreased phosphorylation of c-Jun and JunD; and decreased AP-1 DNA binding activity. The JNK-deﬁcient cells also exhibited defects in the regu- lation of the AP-1-related transcription factor ATF2. These changes were associated with marked defects in TNF-regulated gene expression. The JNK signal transduction pathway is therefore essential for AP-1 tran- scription factor regulation in cells exposed to TNF. EDTA, 0.1% Triton X-100, 0.5 mM 20 mM (cid:7) -glycerophosphate, 0.1 mM vanadate, leupeptin [2 (cid:6) g/ml], aprotinin [2 (cid:6) g/ml], 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl ﬂuoride). The extracts were clariﬁed using an Eppendorf microcentrifuge (14,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C). The concentration of total soluble protein in the supernatant was quantitated by the Bradford method (Bio-Rad). These extracts were employed for immunoblot analysis and protein kinase assays. Luciferase reporter gene assays. Transfection assays were performed using Lipofectamine reagent (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer’s recommenda-tions. The cells were transfected with 0.2 (cid:6) g of the GAL4 fusion protein expres- sion vector pGAL4, pGAL4-ATF2, or pGAL4-ATF2-Thr69Ala/Thr-71Ala (14), 0.5 (cid:6) g of the luciferase reporter plasmid pG5E1bLuc (14), and 0.05 (cid:6) g of the control vector pRL-null (Promega). The effect of cotransfection with 0.2 (cid:6) g of pCMV-MEKK1 (40), pCDNA3-Flag-MKK6(Ser207Glu/Thr211Glu) (28), or pCDNA3-HA-MLK3 (40) was examined. Control studies were performed using the empty expression vectors. Cell extracts and luciferase quantitation were performed using the Dual-Luciferase Reporter assay system (Promega Corp., Madison, Wis.). Measurement of protein kinase activity. The activities of JNK, p38, and ex-tracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were determined by immunoprecipi- tation-kinase assays using antibodies to JNK (FL; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), p38 mCR4, and mFos/Jun following the manufacturer’s recommendations. The products were separated on a 5% sequencing gel, detected by autoradiography, and quantitated by PhosphorImager analysis (Molecular Dynamics).
Prognostic Signiﬁcance of Impairment of Heart Rate Response to Exercise Impact of Left Ventricular Function and Myocardial Ischemia

OBJECTIVES The goal of this research was to study the association between heart rate (HR) response to exercise and the risk of death and myocardial infarction (MI) after adjustment for left ventricular (LV) function and myocardial ischemia. BACKGROUND Chronotropic incompetence during exercise testing is associated with increased mortality. It is unknown whether LV dysfunction or ischemia accounts for this. METHODS We studied 3,221 patients (age 59 (cid:1) 12 years; 1,701 men) who underwent treadmill exercise echocardiography. We considered two markers of chronotropic incompetence: 1) failure to achieve 85% of the maximal predicted HR, and 2) low ( (cid:2) 0.8) chronotropic index. The independent association between HR response and end points was evaluated by an adjusted risk (AR) model, which included clinical parameters, ejection fraction, and the severity of ischemic wall motion abnormalities. RESULTS Target HR was not achieved in 495 (15%) patients. Low chronotropic index was observed in 793 (25%) patients. There were 129 deaths (41 cardiac) during a median follow-up of 3.2 years. Myocardial infarction occurred in 65 patients. Low chronotropic index was associated with cardiac death (AR, 1.54; 95% conﬁdence interval [CI], 1.18 to 2.04; p (cid:3) 0.002) and MI (AR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.69; p (cid:3) 0.007). Failure to achieve 85% of maximal predicted HR was associated with increased mortality (AR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.22; p (cid:3) 0.04)
Comparison of post processing methods between Java Magnetic Resonance User Interface (jMRUI) and Totally Automatic Robust Quantitation in NMR (TARQUIN) software for liver fat quantification

Background: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy or 1 H MRS is a validated and non-invasive method used for studying liver fat. However, the metabolite spectra obtained by 1 H MRS require a post-processing method for accurate liver fat quanti - fication. Various spectrum analysis software has been developed and is being used in many studies. To the best of our knowledge, no comparisons between spectrum analysis software for liver fat quantification have yet been completed. Objectives: To compare the post processing methods between java-based graphical for MR user interface packages (jMRUI) and totally automatic robust quantitation in NMR (TARQUIN) software for optimal liver fat quantification. Materials and methods: 1 H MRS spectrum from the right lobe of the liver was obtained for post processing. Liver fat qualification was done by AMARES algorithms on jMRUI software, and automatic quantification algorithms was initiated by TARQUIN software. A total of 30 subjects participated in this study. Subjects were separated into a control group (n=15) and an overweight group (n=15) for liver fat quantification. Liver lipids at 0.9 ppm (-CH 3 lipids) and 1.3 ppm (-CH 2 lipids) were fitted and quantified. The results obtained from both jMRUI and TARQUIN post processing software packages for both groups were then compared. Results: A strong and moderate correlation of signal intensity between jMRUI and TARQUIN software was found (total lipids, r=0.836, p <0.001; -CH 2 lipids, r=0.848, p <0.001; -CH 3 lipids, r=0.520, and p <0.003). Liver lipid levels were generally higher in the overweight group. There was a 2.35 times level of change in the overweight group compared to control from jMRUI, and there was a 2.16 times level of change in the overweight group compared to control from TARQUIN. There was no statistical differences between the programs ( p =0.762). Conclusion: Both jMRUI and TARQUIN are feasible post processing tools for 1 H MRS liver spectrum fitting for liver lipids quantification.
D ub b in g T ra ns la tio n T ec hn iq u e in th e A n ima t ed Film o f F r oz en : Pa r ty is O ve r

Background: Dubbing is an interesting translation for movie viewers because viewers do not need to be constrained by reading the subtitling on the monitor. However, with all its limitations dubbing is a challenge for a translator. Frozen: Party is over is an intriguing film to investigate. Methodology: All utterances of the characters in the film are becoming the research data. The numbers of data were 62 for words, phrases and sentences and analyzed using Molina & Albir's translation theory. The interactive model of Miles and Huberman analyzed all the data. Findings: The result of the research is that the translation techniques used by the translator were modulation, established equivalent and literal. The most dominant technique used by the translator was literal. This is because children consume the film, so most of the sentences are simple sentences. Conclusion: The translation techniques used by the translator were modulation, established equivalent and literal. Originality: This research focused on the dubbing translation technique for the animated film Frozen: Party is over. In comparison, other research with the same object discussed topics such as deixis, language styles, illocutionary act and subtitling.