Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Biology of Insects: Index

Preface Part I. Physiological and Molecular Responses: 1. A primer on insect cold tolerance Richard E. Lee, Jr, 2. Rapid cold-hardening: ecological significance and underpinning mechanisms Richard E. Lee, Jr and David L. Denlinger 3. Antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins John G. Duman, Kent R. Walters, Todd Sformo, Martin A. Carasco, Philip K. Nickell, Xia Lin and Brian M. Barnes 4. Genomics, proteomics and metabolomics: finding the other players in insect cold tolerance M. Robert Michaud and David L. Denlinger 5. Cell structural modifications in insects at low temperatures Vladimir Kostal 6. Oxygen: stress and adaptation in cold hardy insects Kenneth B. Storey and Janet M. Storey 7. Interactions between cold, desiccation and environmental toxins Martin Holmstrup, Mark Bayley, Sindre A. Pedersen and Karl Erik Zachariassen Part II. Ecological and Evolutionary Responses: 8. The macrophysiology of insect cold hardiness Steven L. Chown and Brent J. Sinclair 9. Evolutionary physiology of insect thermal adaptation to cold environments Raymond B. Huey 10. Insects at not so low temperature: climate change in the temperate zone and its biotic consequences William E. Bradshaw and Christina M. Holzapfel 11. Genetic variability and evolution of cold tolerance Johannes Overgaard, Jesper G. Sorensen and Volker Loeschcke 12. Life history adaptations to polar and alpine environments Peter Convey Part III. Practical Applications: 13. A template for insect cryopreservation Roger A. Leopold and Joseph P. Rinehart 14. Implications of cold tolerance for pest management J. S. Bale Index.
Contributed Discussion

We congratulate the authors for their stimulating and excellent work on applying Bayesian trees to causal inference modelling. In this discussion, we extend the authors’ work by evaluating the models on higher dimensional data sets. We remark in passing that it seems odd that the paper only contains model performance metrics on training data, but to allow for valid comparisons, we follow their approach. In particular we show that, for higher dimensions, some of the existing (non-causal) models have equivalent or superior performance to BCF for the simulations used in the paper.
Case and Grammatical Relations The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

This chapter discusses the notions of morphological (surface) case and abstract Case, showing the empirical and theoretical motivation for each. The discussion of morphological case presents the dimensions of cross-linguistic variation found in this domain, and outlines the main tendencies in the expression of case. The notion of abstract Case is used to predict the distribution of overt and non-overt nominal forms, and is considered one of the fundamental abstract syntactic relations in linguistic theory. The chapter presents a brief survey of theoretical approaches to Case in formal grammar and then discusses the main ways of modeling Case in nominative-accusative and ergative languages.
The Predicting Race Performance in Triathlon: The

The question of how perfectionism affects performance is highly debated. Because empirical studies examining perfectionism and competitive sport performance are missing, the present research investigated how perfectionism affected race performance and what role athletes(cid:146) goals played in this relationship in two prospective studies with competitive triathletes (Study 1: N = 112; Study 2: N = 321). Regression analyses showed that perfectionistic personal standards, high performance-approach goals, low performance-avoidance goals, and high personal goals predicted race performance beyond athletes(cid:146) performance level. Moreover, the contrast between performance-avoidance and performance-approach goals mediated the relationship between perfectionistic personal standards and performance, whereas personal goal setting mediated the relationship between performance-approach goals and performance. The findings indicate that perfectionistic personal standards do not undermine competitive performance, but are associated with goals that help athletes achieve their best possible performance.
The dynamic landscape of novel psychoactive substance (NPS) use in Ireland: results from an expert stakeholder consultation.

In Ireland, legislators encountered a new phenomenon in 2005 onwards with the advent of ‘ legal highs’ s old in headshops. Use of ‘ legal highs’ containing herbal and synthetic new psychoactive substances (NPS) was not confined to problematic drug users, and included social recreational users. Legislative controls were enacted in 2010, 2011 and 2015. This brief report presents descriptive findings from a consultation with national and regional experts on the NPS situation in 2016. Four themes emerged and centred on; ‘ Definitions of NPS used within Professional Roles’; ‘Professional Experiences of NPS‘; ‘Types of NPS Users, Sourcing and Consequences of Use’; and ‘Service Response. ’ Findings underscored the mental health and addiction related consequences of NPS use, with prevention, clinical and treatment services ill- equipped to deal with the particular characteristics of this form of drug abuse. Enhanced strategies, services and clinical responses are warranted to address the challenges encountered. 5f-AKB48 and 5F-PB-22, and subsequent withdrawal syndromes
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2016), Volume 4, Issue 4, 710-719

Russul R. Al-Hamaoy. Background:-In order to quantify the interactions between molecules of biological interest, the determination of dissociation constants (Kd) is essential. Several methods are known for calculating these constants, most of which are based on linearization procedures, such as the Scatchard (1949) plot, Lineweaver and Burk (1934) plot, etc. This linearization does not require direct ligand labelling or the absolute concentration of the complex and is, therefore, especially suitable for Kd determination from an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Objectives: Present a new method for the determination of a dissociation constant (Kd) of the binding of CA19-9 to its antibody in type 2 diabetic patients using Scatchard plot through development of ELISA. Methods:This study included eighty individuals with mean age (46.5 ± 1.14 years) were divided into two groups. Group I,forty patients with type II diabetes mellitus have a mean duration 6.6± 0.94. Group IIconsisted of forty healthy individuals were classified as control group. CA19-9 level were measured in serum by ELISA technique.Select the highest value from the first group and other value within the normal range chosen from the second group in addition to the CA19-9 standard (100U/ml) to determine the dissociation constant (kd) using external CA19-9 monoclonal antibody and calculated by Scatchard plot. Results:The dissociation constant of the interaction between antibody and antigen from the data of direct, non-competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) by Scatchard plot is (15.6006, 12.5313 and 4.1271 U/ml) for Standard (100 U/ml), Patient (99.568 U/ml) and Control (23.494 U/ml) respectively. Conclusion:-A simple linearization procedure developed to determine the dissociation constant of the interaction between antibody and antigen from the data of direct, non-competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) by Scatchard plot.
Understanding the Effects of RationalityBased Theories on Employees' Deviant Use of IS Resources: A Cross Cultural Examination

Information Systems (InfoSys) resources are crucial to promote competitiveness and profitability, but employees’ malpractice causes considerable security risks. To that end, protecting InfoSys assets becomes a prime concern and recent research agenda worldwide. Studies have shown evidences of cognitive and cultural causes for employee-oriented InfoSys deviant practices. Even if, these factors have contributed a lot to influence employees’ behaviours, studies are lacking in African context. So, providing the means to fully understand and prevent the problems from an overlooked perspectives are absolute. In that regard, developing a conceptual research model that comprising cultural dimensions and rationality-based theories will probably explain the factors that help design socio-culturally appropriate countermeasures in Africa (e.g. Ethiopia). Positivist paradigm using cross-sectional survey will be adapted to empirically test the model. For model validation, SEM-PLS data analysis techniques using Smart-PLS and SPSS with Amos will be used. Finally, the study will discuss the potential contributions.
an inhaled p38 inhibitor, demonstrate local lung inhibition of LPS-induced TNFα with minimal systemic exposure

Inhaled drugs generally aim to drive a local pharmacological effect in the lung while minimizing systemic exposure, in order to obtain efficacy in lung disease without unwanted systemic effects. Here, we demonstrate that inhaled delivery of a p38 inhibitor (AZD7624) can provide superior pharmacokinetic exposure and superior pharmacodynamic lung effects. In rats, inhaled AZD7624 had a 5 times higher dose-adjusted lung exposure compared to intravenous dosing. In healthy volunteers, LPS-induced TNF  in sputum has been shown to be significantly reduced (85%) by means of inhaled AZD7624. Here, we demonstrate that this effect is associated with a mean unbound plasma concentration significantly below potencies obtained for AZD7624 gained from in vitro and ex vivo LPS-challenge protocols, suggesting that lung exposure is likely much higher than systemic exposure. This assessment was made for the unbound potency (pIC50u), e.g. the potency remaining after adjustment for plasma protein binding and blood plasma ratio. Hence, the unbound potency of AZD7624 to inhibit LPS-induced TNF  in human mononuclear cells, in whole blood as well as in alveolar macrophages in vitro was 8.4, 8.7 (full inhibition) and 9.0 (partial inhibition), respectively. The pIC50u in whole blood ex vivo was 8.8, showing good in vitro/in vivo potency correlations. Thus, a mean unbound AZD7624 plasma concentration of 0.3 nmol/L, which was associated with a decrease in LPS-induced sputum TNF  by 85%, is much lower than the pIC50u. This demonstrates that AZD7624 can achieve significant local lung pharmacodynamic effects concomitant with sub pharmacological systemic exposure.
Prefrontal Dynamics Associated with Efficient Detours and Shortcuts: A Combined Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetoencenphalography Study

Central to the concept of the “cognitive map” is that it confers behavioral flexibility, allowing animals to take efficient detours, exploit shortcuts, and avoid alluring, but unhelpful, paths. The neural underpinnings of such naturalistic and flexible behavior remain unclear. In two neuroimaging experiments, we tested human participants on their ability to navigate to a set of goal locations in a virtual desert island riven by lava, which occasionally spread to block selected paths (necessitating detours) or receded to open new paths (affording real shortcuts or false shortcuts to be avoided). Detours activated a network of frontal regions compared with shortcuts. Activity in the right dorsolateral PFC specifically increased when participants encountered tempting false shortcuts that led along suboptimal paths that needed to be differentiated from real shortcuts. We also report modulation in event-related fields and theta power in these situations, providing insight to the temporal evolution of response to encountering detours and shortcuts. These results help inform current models as to how the brain supports navigation and planning in dynamic environments.
DOBBS: A Highly Available Distributed Block Storage Service for Virtual Machines

The information technology industry has seen the rapid development of storage devices, Solid State Drives (SSD), due to its high performance and low energy consumption, it has been widely used in the cloud storage systems. However, because of its high price and limited capacity, whether SSD is able to replace the Hard Disk Drives (HDD) completely is not clear. Therefore, a primary research task to be addressed is how to use SSD to provide high-performance storage systems that cost less. This paper presents a distributed software defined hybrid storage system called DOBBS which leverages the data characteristic to magnify the advantages of SSD/HDD and provide high performance block storage for virtual machines. By monitoring I/O access at runtime, DOBBS dynamically migrates data to proper storage devices for optimal performance. An efficient heat diffusion method is utilized to reach state of Global Heat Balancing. For rapid fault recovering, DOBBS also employs consensus protocol to share metadata among control nodes of cluster. DOBBS is evaluated based on several benchmarks to demonstrate its efficiency and effectiveness.
Enhanced Vehicle Localization in Urban NLoS Using Multipath Ray Tracing Fingerprints

Identifying the precise location of a vehicular mobile is a challenging task because satellite navigation system standalone is unable to give the expected performance in an Urban propagation scenario. This paper proposes a novel technique which integrates ray-tracing simulation tool and Channel Impulse Response (CIR) estimation and improves the vehicular location even in a Dense Multipath (DM) scenario. In this paper, we try to overcome these limitations and propose a novel technique of using the Ray-tracing simulation tool to build a radio frequency map of CIE of every point in the simulation domain. Finally, we match the multipath components drawn estimated to a defined location. The proposed scheme is comparatively much accurate to other state-of-art techniques for position estimation.
Rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen in 96 well microtitre plate Staphylococcus

Biofilm-related research using 96 well microtitre plates involves static incubation of 25 plates indiscriminate of environmental conditions, making oxygen availability an 26 important variable which has not been considered to date. By directly measuring 27 dissolved oxygen concentration over time we report here that dissolved oxygen is rapidly 28 consumed in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm cultures grown in 96 well plates 29 irrespective of the oxygen concentration in the gaseous environment in which the plates 30 are incubated. These data indicate that depletion of dissolved oxygen during growth of 31 bacterial biofilm cultures in 96 well plates may significantly influence biofilm 32 production. Furthermore higher inoculum cell concentrations are associated with more 33 rapid consumption of dissolved oxygen and higher levels of S. epidermidis biofilm 34 production. Our data reveal that oxygen depletion during bacterial growth in 96 well 35 plates may significantly influence biofilm production and should be considered in the 36 interpretation of experimental data using this biofilm model.
Depression Associated with Caregiver Quality of Life in Post-COVID-19 Patients in Two Regions of Peru

Due to COVID-19, the workload experienced by caregivers has increased markedly which has led them to experience fatigue, anxiety and depression. This study aims to determine the relationship between quality of life and depression in caregivers of post-COVID-19 patients in two regions of Peru. In a cross-sectional analytical study, the sample was non-probabilistic and by snowball, and consisted of 730 caregivers, to whom the questionnaires “Modified Betty Ferell Quality of Life” and the “Beck Depression Inventory” were applied. It was determined that being a male caregiver (OR: 2.119; 95% CI: 1.332–3.369) was associated with a good quality of life. On the other hand, caregivers who had children (OR: 0.391; 95% CI: 0.227–0.675), were vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR: 0.432; 95% CI: 0.250–0.744), were immediate family members (OR: 0.298; 95% CI: 0.117–0.761) and had high depression (OR: 0.189; 95% CI: 0.073–0.490) were associated with poor quality of life. The results of this study allow us to conclude the association between depression and poor quality of life in caregivers of these patients so it is necessary to monitor the mental health of caregivers, and to develop adaptation strategies to pandemic conditions.
A Mathematical Approach Using Strat-M® to Predict the Percutaneous Absorption of Chemicals under Finite Dose Conditions

Estimation of the percutaneous absorption is essential for the safety assessment of cosmetic and dermopharmaceutical products. Currently, an artificial membrane, Strat-M®, has been focused on as the tool which could obtain the permeation parameters close to the skin-derived values. Nevertheless, few practical methodologies using the permeation parameters for assessing percutaneous absorption under in-use conditions are available. In the present study, based on Fick’s first law of diffusion, a novel mathematical model incorporating the permeation parameters as well as considering the water evaporation (Teva) was constructed. Then, to evaluate the applicability domain of our model in the case where Strat-M®-derived parameters were used, the permeation parameters were compared between the skin from edible porcine and Strat-M®. Regarding chemicals (−0.2 ≤ Log Kow ≤ 2.0), their permeation profiles were equivalent between Strat-M® and porcine skin. Therefore, for these chemicals, the percutaneous absorption was calculated using our model with the permeation parameters obtained using Strat-M® and the Teva determined by measuring the solution weight. The calculated values revealed a good correlation to the values obtained using porcine skin in finite dose experiments, suggesting that our mathematical approach with Strat-M® would be useful for the future safety assessment of cosmetic and dermopharmaceutical products.
Genotype Uniformity, Wild Bird-to-Poultry Transmissions, and Farm-to-Farm Carryover during the Spread of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 in the Czech Republic in 2021

In 2020–2021, the second massive dissemination of a highly pathogenic avian influenza of the H5Nx subtype occurred in Europe. During this period, the virus caused numerous outbreaks in poultry, including in the Czech Republic. In the present study, we provide an insight into the genetic variability of the Czech/2021 (CZE/2021) H5N8 viruses to determine the relationships between strains from wild and domestic poultry and to infer transmission routes between the affected flocks of commercial poultry. For this purpose, whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 70 H5N8 genomes representing 79.7% of the cases were performed. All CZE/2021 H5N8 viruses belonged to the 2.3. 4.4b H5 lineage and circulated without reassortment, retaining the A/chicken/Iraq/1/2020 H5N8-like genotype constellation. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the frequent local transmission of H5N8 from wild birds to backyard poultry and extensive spread among commercial poultry farms. In addition, the analysis suggested one cross-border transmission event. Indirect transmission via contaminated materials was considered the most likely source of infection. Improved biosecurity and increased collaboration between field veterinarians and the laboratory are essential to limit the local spread of the virus and to reveal and interrupt critical routes of infection.
Temperature Responsive PBT Bicomponent Fibers for Dynamic Thermal Insulation

Thermoresponsive self-crimping polybutylene terephtlate (PBT)-based bicomponent fibers were fabricated by melt-spinning to serve as primary constituents for textiles, such as nonwoven battings, for an adaptive single insulting layer. Due to the intrinsically mismatching modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), the fibers curl or straighten with temperature, similar to the concept of Timoshenko’s bimetallic strip. Maximizing the curvature is driven by an optimum of fiber diameter, overall CTE, and fiber moduli, which are all affected by drawing ratio and, consequently, fiber’s microstructure. A draw ratio of 2.33 yielded the best combination of mechanical and thermal properties; it was observed that increasing the draw ratio does not necessarily increase the self-crimping behavior. Tests performed on non-woven battings of these fibers exhibited comparable thermoreponsive behaviors to polypropylene-based thermoresponsive fibers from previous studies in the −20 °C to 20 °C temperature range, which has potential for wearable insulations for both commercial and defense sectors alike.
An RBD-Based Diagnostic Method Useful for the Surveillance of Protective Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Population

After more than two years, the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing and evolving all over the world; human herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 increases either by infection or by unprecedented mass vaccination. A substantial change in population immunity is expected to contribute to the control of transmission. It is essential to monitor the extension and duration of the population’s immunity to support the decisions of health authorities in each region and country, directed to chart the progressive return to normality. For this purpose, the availability of simple and cheap methods to monitor the levels of relevant antibodies in the population is a widespread necessity. Here, we describe the development of an RBD-based ELISA for the detection of specific antibodies in large numbers of samples. The recombinant expression of an RBD-poly-His fragment was carried out using either bacterial or eukaryotic cells in in vitro culture. After affinity chromatography purification, the performance of both recombinant products was compared by ELISA in similar trials. Our results showed that eukaryotic RBD increased the sensitivity of the assay. Interestingly, our results also support a correlation of the eukaryotic RBD-based ELISA with other assays aimed to test for neutralizing antibodies, which suggests that it provides an indication of protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
Exact breakpoints of the In(1)w m4 rearrangement

In(1)w m4 has been known for decades as a classic example of a position effect variegation-causing rearrangement and has been mentioned in hundreds of publications. Nevertheless, its euchromatic breakpoint has not been localized with base-pair resolution. We performed nanopore sequencing of DNA from In(1)w m4 homozygous flies and determined the exact position of euchromatic (chrX:2767875) and heterochromatic breakpoints of the rearrangement. The heterochromatic breakpoint is located in an unlinked part of the genome in the region, enriched in TEs (transposable elements) fragments. A set of unique piRNAs could be detected in the region.
Methods matter: Theory and analysis in the study of acculturation

Acculturation is commonly defined as a dynamic and multidimensional process in which individuals and groups change over time when coming into contact with another culture. However, there is little research assessing changes in acculturation through prospective study designs. The current study examines stable and dynamic dimensions of acculturation within a 4-year prospective study of 433 Chinese- and Korean-American college students. Growth model analyses revealed differences in change between the stable and dynamic items of acculturation as well as generational differences in acculturation change scores. The findings have implications for further development of acculturation measures and research methodologies.