Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test in children with Neurotuberculosis at RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Background: The aim was to determine utility of Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) in diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis in children with neurotuberculosis diagnosed on the basis of clinical evaluation, CSF findings and neuroimaging.Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in Pediatric Department of RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India from July 2017 to June 2018. Total 110 children of age group of 6 months to 18 years with the diagnosis of tubercular meningoencephalitis (TBME) on the basis of clinical evaluation, CSF examination and neuroimaging were included in the study.Results: A total 110 children were enrolled. Maximum number of cases admitted with TBME were among 1-5 years of age group (60.91%). CSF and gastric aspirate were examined by CBNAAT for MTB. 5 (4.55%) children had CBNAAT positivity in CSF. Gastric aspirate was positive among 16 (14.55%) children. None of the patient had CBNAAT positive result both in CSF and gastric aspirate.Conclusions: TBME is a major health problem in children below 5 years. Gene Xpert assay has the potential to significantly improve and escalate the diagnosis of smear-negative body fluid specimens. CBNAAT for mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive in 5 (4.55%) children from CSF and 16 (14.55%) from gastric aspirate. Negative CBNAAT should not prevent any patient with suspected features of TBME from starting anti tubercular treatment (ATT) as sensitivity of this test remains low. Final judgement to start ATT should be based on clinical, biochemical and radiological profile especially in CNS tuberculosis.
100-million-voxel volumetric display

A 360-degree-viewable volumetric 3-D display has been developed by Actuality Systems, Inc. It has a resolution of 768 x 768 x 198, has a 24 Hz refresh rate, contains an embedded graphics processing system, and uses dithering methods to create images of 3-bit to 21-bit color. The 3-D display system is a visualization platform, comprised of a combination of hardware and software designed for ease-of-integration into existing visualization systems. The system design is briefly recounted. Key enhancements are described, such as the development of a volumetric visualization software platform. Examples are given which guide the system engineer who needs to include a volumetric display into a visualization solution.
Selecting comparator sites for ecological causal assessment based on expected biological similarity

Streams and other waterbodies in poor ecological condition often require causal assessment to determine appropriate follow-up actions. However, site-specific causal assessments can be time consuming. To streamline the process, we describe a quantitative method that expedites a key component of causal assessment: identifying a group of ecologically similar (comparator) sites with which to compare and contrast biological condition and stressor exposure at the site of interest. A good set of comparator sites should: 1) represent environments that could support biota similar to the degraded site in the absence of disturbance, 2) comprise a gradient of biotic conditions, and 3) contain enough sites to assess variability. We used expected biological similarity to select good sets of comparator sites from a large pool of potential sites for 15 poor-condition test sites in Southern California. Expected biological similarity was measured as Bray–Curtis dissimilarity values (BC) calculated from the expected benthic macroinvertebrate taxa lists produced by a predictive biotic index of stream health. We used an expected BC threshold of ≤0.05 to create the sets of comparator sites. Based on this criterion, we identified >70 comparator sites for each of the 15 test sites. To illustrate their utility in a causal assessment, we used the comparator sites to derive evidence of whether 4 example stressors—elevated conductivity, elevated N, elevated fine sediment, and hardening of the stream channel—contributed to the poor biotic conditions at each of the 15 test sites. We used spatial-temporal co-occurrence type of evidence to evaluate the data and found that elevated conductivity and elevated fine sediment were the likely cause of biotic degradation at the most test sites. We developed the comparator site selection approach described here in the context of the stream bioassessment program in California, USA, but this approach could be adapted by any bioassessment program with a large amount of sample data and an associated predictive index of biotic condition, such as the National Aquatic Resource Survey. Furthermore, this approach lays the groundwork for rapid, screening-level causal assessment to become part of routine bioassessment, which would then inform follow-up management actions.
Unstructured-lane detection based on trapezoidal model and SVM

This paper presents a method of unstructured lane detection based on trapezoidal model proposed by H.Jeong,et al and SVM(Support Vector Machine). The frames extracted from the video are pretreated by PCNN(Pulse Coupled Neural Network), and then processed by Kalman filter and EM(Expectation Maximization) algorithm.Using SVM get the result of the lane detection and using morphological filter get the final detecting result.Because this method uses SVM,which has a better classified performance than BP(Back Propagation)neural network,it obtains a better detection result than that using BP neural network(H.Jeong, et al). Furthermore,this method uses PCNN to process the frames to remove the shadow in the road,reducing the effect of illumination variations.Experimental results show that this method can receive better lane detecting results than the trapezoidal model and BP neural network proposed by H.Jeong,et al.
Parasitoid Diversity and Host-Parasitoid Interaction in Oil Palm Plantations with Different Management System

Parasitoids play an important role in controlling pests, including pests of oil palm. To maximize biological control technique using parasitoids, interactions between pests and parasitoids need to be studied. This research aimed to study parasitoid diversity and host-parasitoid interaction in oil palm plantation with the different management system. The field research was conducted in oil palm plantation own by smallholder and company (PT Humusindo) in Jambi. Sampling insects was conducted by collecting pests (parasitoid host) on oil palm trees with age of four years old. Eggs, larvae, and pupae of the pests were taken directly by hand then reared in the laboratory to know their parasitoids. Pests and parasitoids emerged were identified up to morphospecies or species level. A total of 176 lepidopteran pests consisting of 15 morphospecies and 6 families, and 650 parasitoids consisting of 21 morphospecies and 12 families have been collected. Nine morphospecies of pests from 25 individuals were found in smallholder plantation and 14 morphospecies of pests from 151 individuals in company plantation. Eight morphospecies of 26 parasitoids were found in smallholder plantations and 8 morphospecies of 624 parasitoids in the company plantation. The interaction structure between pests and parasitoids is more complex in the company plantation than in smallholder plantations. Family Braconidae and Ichneumonidae are the most parasitoids found and associated with nettle caterpillars. The different of the management system of oil palm plantation did not affect the diversity and abundance of pests as well as their parasitoids in oil palm plantations.
Variability Study of Biofortified Bread Wheat Genotypes for Grain Zinc and Iron Concentration, Yield and Yield Associated Traits at Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal

Bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is third major cereal crop of Nepal where cereal based foods represent the largest proportion of the daily diet. Lack of diverse food habit in the country is resulting micronutrient deficiency. This could be addressed by introducing biofortified bread wheat genotypes. This field research was conducted at Agriculture Botany Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur to study the variability of biofortified bread wheat genotypes for grain zinc, iron, yield, yield attributes and identify high yielding genotypes with high grain zinc and iron concentration. 50 wheat genotypes (47 biofortified, 3 checks) were tested in alpha lattice design with two replications. Data on grain zinc, iron, yield and yield attributes were recorded and analyzed (α=5%). Genotypes differed significantly for the studied traits which provide an opportunity to improve the existing germplasms for targeted traits and environment. Grain yield was correlated positively with effective tiller, plant height, days to maturity, grains per spike and negatively with thousand grain weight. Grain zinc and iron concentration were significantly positively correlated but had positive non-significant relation with grain yield suggesting simultaneous improvement of both micronutrients without compromising grain yield is possible. Effective tiller and peduncle length can be used as selection criteria for high grain yield and micronutrient concentration respectively. Superior genotypes containing higher grain iron, zinc and yield can be used as parent in breeding for developing zinc and iron enriched varieties.
Deep Web data annotation method based on result schema

Comprehensive and accurate annotation of Deep Web data is the key technology to Deep Web data integration,but the existing methods of Deep Web data annotation are unavailable to effectively solve the problem.Therefore,an approach of Deep Web data annotation based on result schema was proposed.The paper,through analyzing Deep Web result pages and extracting structured data,completed data pretreatment work,then though establishing the correct semantic mapping relation between integrated result schema and staying annotation data,achieved correct annotation of Deep Web data.The experimental results over four real areas show that the proposed method can efficiently annotate Deep Web data.
Next-Gen sequencing of novel pandemic swine flu [A(H1N1)pdm09] virus in India revealed novel mutations across the genome

The Influenza A H1N1 virus of 2009 was the first pandemic flu virus of the 21st century. Identifying the emergence of mutations in rapidly mutating Influenza viruses that allow increased transmission or confer resistance are invaluable to global outbreak response. Here we recovered 5 complete Influenza A genomes from 4 oropharygeal swabs and one cell culture isolate from a severe Indian outbreak of flu in early 2015. Multiple amino acids substitutions including those known to confer resistance to Oseltamivir and increased pathogenecity in mice were found in the Neuraminidase gene. Additional mutations both reported and novel were found throughout the genome compared to the vaccine strain (California/04/2009). All eight segments of the complete genomes were found to be genetically related to the 2009 pandemic strain, A(H1N1)pdm09 and belonging to the emerging genogroup 6B. This group was found to be of south East Asian origin by time scale phylogentic analysis. A phylogeographic analysis revealed 39 significant migration events among globally circulating viruses. This study is the first extensive complete genome and phylogeographic analysis of 2015 Indian A(H1N1) pdm09 viruses. We report several novel mutations in the 2015 Indian strains which need to be evaluated for effect on viral replication, transmission and resistance to therapy. The identification of mutant A(H1N1)pdm09 from India warrants continuous monitoring of viral evolution for implementation of suitable medical countermeasures.
Impact of high-molecular-weight glutenin alleles on wheat technological quality

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and their relationship with technological quality parameters in a collection of wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes. Two hundred and seventy-two accessions were evaluated on SDS-Page, and molecular markers were used to identify the 7oe allele and 1BL.1RS translocation. For 219 accessions with a homogenous glutenin profile, 53 profiles and 21 alleles were identified. The most frequent combination was 2*/7+9/5+10 (11.9%). The mean value of genetic diversity for the three assessed Glu-1 loci was 0.67. Based on the HMW-GS profile and on the presence of the 1BL.1RS translocation, the Glu-1 score was calculated and its correlation with technological quality parameters was analyzed. The main effects of the Glu-1 loci and of the 1BL.1RS translocation were estimated. The Glu-1 score showed a significant positive correlation with sedimentation volume, gluten strength, dough tenacity, dough extensibility, elasticity index, grain hardness index, and farinograph stability, with values between 0.23 and 0.51. The accessions with the 1, 7oe+8, and 5+10 alleles showed the highest values for gluten strength and farinograph stability. The score of the Glu-A1 alleles should be adjusted to Brazilian wheat genotypes and cultivation conditions.
Fungal biodiversity on maize kernels in an insecticide evaluation trial

The European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis and Fusarium ear rot Fusarium spp. pose a continuous threat to maize production worldwide. There are several reports indicating that ECB damage to maize ears promotes Fusarium ear rot infection. The aim of this study was to monitor the influence of different insecticide treatments (a.i. chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, and chlorantraniliprole+lambda-cyhalothrin) on the ECB and fungal diversity on maize kernels in the field in a four-year trial (2013-2016). A total of 16 different fungal genera were isolated from maize kernels, and Fusarium species were confirmed to be the dominant pathogens, present in all treatments, throughout the four years of experiments. The incidence of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. was established to be low. Apart from Fusarium species, the most frequent genera were: Aspergillus spp. , Mortierella spp. , Mucor spp. , Penicillium spp. , Acremonium spp. and Rhizopus spp. Treatments with chlorantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole+lambda-cyhalothrin showed higher efficacy, though not statistically significant, compared to indoxacarb, in reducing the number of ECB larvae and damage they cause. However, no direct effect on the number of isolated fungal genera has been observed in any of the three insecticide treatments.
Survey of Recognition Methods for Mathematical Expressions

Recognition of Mathematical Expressions is to transform the Mathematical Expression in the scientific and engineering documents into electronical documents.Recognition of Mathematical Expressions consists of symbol recognition and structure analysis.Symbol recognition can be separated into two major stages,namely segmentation and recognition of symbol.The main topic of this article includes the development in the field of Mathematical Expression Recognition and gives the detailed process of Mathematical Expression Recognition and methods of symbol recognition and structure analysis.
Tuning Fuzzy Controllers By Q-Learning For Mobile Robot Navigation

One of the standing challenging aspects in mobile robotics is the ability to navigate autonomously. It is a difficult task, which requiring a complete modeling of the environment. This paper presents an intelligent navigation method for an autonomous mobile robot which requires only a scalar signal like a feedback indicating the quality of the applied action. Instead of programming a robot, we will let it only learn its own strategy. The Q-learning algorithm of reinforcement learning is used for the mobile robot navigation by discretizing states and actions spaces. In order to improve the mobile robot performances, an optimization of fuzzy controllers will be discussed for the robot navigation; based on prior knowledge introduced by a fuzzy inference system so that the initial behavior is acceptable. The effectiveness of this optimization method is verified by simulation.
Aboveground biomass quantification and tree-level prediction models for the Brazilian subtropical Atlantic Forest

Forests are the largest biological reservoir of biomass and carbon on the planet. This fact turns them into the main tool to neutralise the CO2 emitted by human activities. Despite such importance, the uncertainties associated with biomass estimates in forests, especially in (sub)tropical forests, are enormous. Facing this scenario, the objectives of this study were (1) to quantify through destructive sampling the aboveground biomass (AGB) of 105 trees of 47 species occurring in a secondary subtropical evergreen rainforest in Brazil; (2) to investigate the AGB distribution in different tree compartments; and (3) to fit tree-level models to improve biomass estimates for the referred forest type. The results revealed that most of the AGB was stored in the compartments stem and large branches (diameter ≥ 5 cm). There was an increase in the proportion of biomass – in relation to the total tree AGB (kg) – allocated in the large branches as tree diameter at breast height (DBH) increased; this pattern was not observed for the compartments stem, thin branches (diameter < 5 cm), and leaves. The compartments thin branches and leaves represented between 5.4% and 17.0%, and 1.3% and 2.9% of the total tree AGB, respectively. From the 10 fitted biomass models, the linearised power models yielded the smallest errors. The best performance model, which returned a mean bias of 1.7%, may be written as AGB = exp(−8.9807 + 2.1642·ln[DBH] + 0.5072·ln[h] + 0.9999·ln[ρbas]); Baskerville’s factor = 1.0175. If there are no (reliable) data on tree total height (h; m), the following model, which embedded the DBH and wood basic specific gravity (ρbas; kg m−3), may be employed: AGB = exp(−9.0086 + 2.4606·ln[DBH] + 1.0895·ln[ρbas]); Baskerville’s factor = 1.0206.
Sand Dune Height Increases Water Use Efficiency at the Expense of Growth and Leaf Area in Mongolian Pine Growing in Hulunbeier Steppe, Inner Mongolia, China

The Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) is one of the most common tree species in semiarid and arid areas of China, especially in the sand dunes of the Hulunbeier steppe. This study addresses the morphological and physiological characteristics of the Mongolian pine according to sand dune height. Five sites were chosen with various sand dune heights (P1–P5). Nine years after planting, tree growth, leaf area, leaf mass per leaf unit area (LMA), diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, diameter at root collar (DRC), longest shoot length, carbon isotope composition, and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) were measured to explore the responses of Mongolian pine trees to drought. DBH, tree height, DRC, leaf area, leaf length, and longest shoot length significantly decreased with greater sand dune height (p < 0.05). However, the carbon isotope actually increased with dune height (p < 0.05). Conversely, the iWUE of current-year pine needles was significantly higher at measurement points P3 (132.29 μmol CO2 mol −1 H2O), P4 (132.96 μmol CO2 mol −1 H2O), and P5 (125.34 μmol CO2 mol −1 H2O) than at the lower points P1 (95.18 ± 9.87 μmol CO2 mol −1 H2O) and P2 (103.10 ± 11.12 μmol CO2 mol −1 H2O). Greater sand dune height increases the distance to groundwater, which in this study led to an increase in iWUE in the Mongolian pines, thus these trees appear to adapt to increased sand dune height by increasing their iWUE and decreasing their leaf area. However, prolonged periods characterized by such adaptations can lead to tree death. We expect these findings to be useful when selecting plantation sites for Mongolian pines in semiarid and arid climates.
Dynamics of excited m-dichlorobenzene

Dynamics of excited m -dichlorobenzene is investigated in real time by femtosecond pump-probe method, combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection in a supersonic molecular beam. The yields of the parent ion and daughter ion C 6 H 4 Cl + are examined as a function of the delay between the 270 and 810 nm femtosecond laser pulses, respectively. The lifetime of the first singlet excited state S 1 of m -dichlorobenzene is measured. The origin of this daughter ion C 6 H 4 Cl + is discussed. The ladder mechanism is proposed to form the fragment ion. In addition, our experimental results exhibit a rapid damped sinusoidal oscillation over intermediate time delays, which is due to quantum beat effects.
EXHAUSTION OF MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTER STATES AMONG FOSSIL TAXA

Abstract. — Frequencies of new character state derivations are analyzed for 56 fossil taxa. The hypothesis that new character states are added continuously throughout clade history can be rejected for 48 of theses clades. Two alternative explanations are considered: finite states and ordered states. The former hypothesizes a limited number of states available to each character and is tested using rarefaction equations. The latter hypothesizes that there are limited possible descendant morphologies for any state, even if the character has infinite potential states. This is tested using power functions. The finite states hypothesis explains states: steps relationships significantly better than does the ordered states hypothesis in 14 cases; the converse is true for 14 other cases. Under either hypothesis, trilobite clades show appreciably more homoplasy after the same numbers of steps than do molluscs, echinoderms, or vertebrates.
Differential Response of Biomass Production and Nitrogen Uptake of Vegetable Amaranth to Two Types of Poultry Manure from Nigeria and Canada

Amaranthus cruentus is one of the sixty Amaranthus species of world. It is widely grown as a green leafy vegetable and for its grain in many tropical countries of Africa, Central and South American, Canada, Mexico and parts of Asia. Depleted soil fertility under intensive cultivation is a major limitation to production of the vegetable. The study investigated the effects of two types of poultry manure on biomass yield and nutrient uptake of Amaranth cruentus in a greenhouse at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada in 2011. The experiment was a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial arranged into a Randomized Completely Block Design and replicated three times. The factors were two soil types, two sources of poultry manure and urea, and N rates at 0, 60 and 120 kg⋅N⋅ha−1. Nitrogen uptake by the plants that treated with poultry manure from Canada (PMC) and Urea was 172.5 vs. 171.4 mg⋅pot−1 and 169.5 vs. 163.7 mg⋅pot−1 respectively which were significantly greater than the poultry manure from Nigeria (PMN), 100.6 mg⋅pot−1 and 110.0 mg⋅pot−1 for Red River and Glenhope soil series, respectively. Nitrogen uptake was similar at the N rates of 60 and 120 kg⋅N⋅ha−1 (140.7 vs. 155.6 mg⋅pot−1) in the Red River soil, while N uptake at 120 kg⋅N⋅ha−1 was greater than at 60 kg⋅N⋅ha−1 in Glenhope soil. Shoot dry matter of the vegetable grown in soils treated with PMC and urea was significantly greater than from PMN in Red River soil (10.1, 9.6 and 6.7 g⋅pot−1) and in Glenhope soil (8.8, 8.1 and 6.4 g⋅pot−1). Phosphorus, K, Ca and Mg uptake at 60 and 120 kg⋅</