Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Observations of the New Pulsar-Supernova Remnant System PSR J1119–6127 and Supernova Remnant G292.2–0.5

PSR J1119-6127 is a recently discovered 1600-yr-old radio pulsar that has a very high inferred surface dipolar magnetic field. We present a detailed analysis of a pointed ASCA observation and archival ROSAT data of PSR J1119-6127 and its surroundings. Both data sets reveal extended emission coincident with the newly discovered radio supernova remnant G292.2-0.5, which is reported in a companion paper by Crawford et al. A hard point source, offset ~1. ′5 from the position of the radio pulsar, is seen with the ASCA Gas Imaging Spectrometer (GIS). No pulsations are detected at the radio period with a pulsed fraction upper limit of 61% (95% confidence). The limited statistics prevent a detailed spectral analysis, although a power-law model with photon index Γ ≈ 1-2 describes the data well. Both the spectral model and derived X-ray luminosity are consistent with those measured for other young radio pulsars, although the spatial offset renders an identification of the source as the X-ray counterpart of the pulsar uncertain.
Review on the Simulation of Cooperative Caching Schemes for MANETs

In this paper, a review of the main simulation parameters utilized to evaluate the performance of cooperative caching schemes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks is presented. Firstly, a taxonomy of twenty five caching schemes proposed in the literature about Mobile Ad Hoc Networks is defined. Those caching schemes are briefly described in order to illustrate their basis and fundamentals. The review takes into consideration the utilized network simulator, the wireless connection standard, the propagation model and routing protocol, the employed simulation area and number of data servers, the number of mobile devices and their coverage area, the mobility model, the number of documents in the network, the replacement policy and cache size, the mean time between requests, the document popularity distribution, the TTL (Time To Live) of the documents and the simulation time. Those simulation parameters have been compared among the evaluation of the studied cooperative caching schemes in order to obtain the most common utilized values. This work will allow to compare the performance of the proposed cooperative caching schemes using a common simulation environment. Key-Words: Mobile Ad hoc networks, cooperative caching, performance evaluation
Evaluation of cloud base height measurements from ceilometer CL31 and MODIS satellite over Ahmedabad, India

Abstract. Clouds play a tangible role in the Earth's atmosphere and in particular, the cloud base height (CBH), which is linked to cloud type, is one of the most important characteristics to describe the influence of clouds on the environment. In the present study, CBH observations from Ceilometer CL31 were extensively studied during May 2013 to January 2015 over Ahmedabad (23.03° N, 72.54° E), India. A detailed comparison has been performed with the use of ground-based CBH measurements from Ceilometer CL31 and CBH retrieved from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) onboard Aqua and Terra satellite. CBH retrieved from MODIS is ∼ 1.955 and ∼ 1.093 km on 25 July 2014 and 1 January 2015 respectively, which matches well with ceilometer-measured CBH ( ∼ 1.92 and ∼ 1.097 km). Some interesting features of cloud dynamics viz. strong downdraft and updraft have been observed over Ahmedabad which revealed different cloud characteristics during monsoon and post-monsoon periods. CBH shows seasonal variation during the Indian summer monsoon and post-monsoon period. Results indicate that the ceilometer is an excellent instrument to precisely detect low- and mid-level clouds, and the MODIS satellite provides accurate retrieval of high-level clouds over this region. The CBH algorithm used for the MODIS satellite is also able to capture the low-level clouds.
Application of adsorption methods to determine the effect of pH and Cu-stress on the changes in the surface properties of the roots

Abstract Rye plants were grown in a nutrient solution prepared according to Hoagland for 2 weeks at pH 7, next for 14 days at pH 4.5 (without Cu+2) and in the presence of 20, 50, or 100 mg dm-3 copper ions. The control plants were grown continuously at pH 7. The physicochemical surface properties of the roots were examined using two adsorbates - polar (water vapour) and non-polar (nitrogen). The surface properties of the roots grown at pH 4.5 without Cu+2 were apparently the same as those of controls. The roots of rye which grew in the presence of Cu+2 were characterized by lower (relative to controls) specific surface area values. Statistically significant differences in the size of the apparent surface area (determined by water vapour) were reported for roots incubated with copper ions at a concentration of 20 and 50 mg dm-3. The average water vapour adsorption energy of the root surface decreased under the stress conditions. There were no statistically significant differences for the free surface area and characteristic energy of nitrogen adsorption.
Effect of particle size distribution on spatially and angularly resolved diffuse reflectance measurement

Particle size distribution is vitally important in pharmaceutical formulation. Spectroscopy is the most prominent method for in-line particle measurements and process analytics, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be seen as the workhorse in the field of Process Analytical Technology (PAT). This article considers analysis using an innovative spatially and angularly resolved diffuse reflectance measurement (SAR-DRM).
Pattern formation in the 1-D Gray-Scott model

In this work, we analyze a pair of one-dimensional coupled reaction-diusion equations known as the Gray{Scott model, in which self-replicating patterns have been observed. We focus on stationary and traveling patterns, and begin by deriving the asymptotic scaling of the parameters and variables necessary for the analysis of these patterns. Single{pulse and multiple{pulse stationary waves are shown to exist in the appropriately{scaled equations on the innite line. A (single) pulse is a narrow interval in which the concentration U of one chemical is small, while that of the second, V , is large, and outside of which the concentration U tends (slowly) to the homogeneous steady state U 1, while V is everywhere close to V 0. In addition, we establish the existence of a plethora of periodic steady states consisting of periodic arrays of pulses interspersed by intervals in which the concentration V is exponentially small and U varies slowly. These periodic states are spatially inhomogeneous steady patterns whose length scales are determined exclusively by the reactions of the chemicals and their diusions, and not by other mechanisms such as boundary conditions. A complete bifurcation study of these solutions is presented. We also establish the non-existence of traveling solitary pulses in this system. This non-existence result re ects the system's degeneracy and indicates that some event, for example pulse-splitting, `must' occur when a pair of pulses moving apart from each other (as has been observed in simulations): these pulses evolve towards the non-existent traveling solitary pulses. The main mathematical techniques employed in this analysis of the stationary and traveling patterns are geometric singular perturbation theory and adiabatic Melnikov theory. Finally, the theoretical results are compared to those obtained from direct numerical simulation of the coupled partial dierential equations on a `very large' domain, using a moving grid code. It has been checked that the boundaries do not in uence the dynamics. A subset of the family of stationary single pulses appears to be stable. This subset determines the boundary of a region in parameter space in which the self-replicating process takes place. In that region, we observe that the core of a time-dependent self-replicating pattern turns out to be precisely a stationary periodic pulse-pattern of the type that we construct. Moreover, the simulations reveal some other essential components of the pulse-splitting process and provide an important guide to further analysis.
Domain expression of the shape derivative and application to electrical impedance tomography

The well-known structure theorem of Hadamard-Zol\'esio states that the derivative of a shape functional is a distribution on the boundary of the domain depending only on the normal perturbations of a smooth enough boundary. However a volume representation (distributed shape derivative) is more general than the boundary form and allows to work with shapes having a lower regularity. It is customary in the shape optimization literature to assume regularity of the domains and use the boundary expression of the shape derivative for numerical algorithm. In this paper we describe the numerous advantages of the distributed shape derivative in terms of generality, easiness of computation and numerical implementation. We give several examples of numerical applications such as the inverse conductivity problem and the level set method.
Langendorff’s isolated perfused rat heart technique: a review

The Langendorff’s isolated perfused small mammalian heart represents the optimal compromise in the conflict between the quantity and quality of data that can be acquired from an experimental model versus its clinical relevance, especially in relation to ischemia-reperfusion injury. We analyzed the important recent, as well as standard older articles to highlight the importance of Langendorff’s isolated heart technique using the rat as an experimental animal model. The retrograde perfusion of isolated rat heart preparation is the most commonly used technique in cardiovascular research experiments with many advantages. The longevity of this preparation is one of the main advantages. From the moment an ex vivo preparation is established, it starts to deteriorate and the rate will depend on number of factors such as the skill of the operator, the species of animal, age, initial heart rate, choice and composition of the perfusion fluid, flow rate, presence or absence of various drugs, preload pressure, and the temperature at which the studies are carried out. Recently, various techniques and variables measured have undergone modifications. This review article has attempted to address many of the issues, developments, and applications which will assist investigators to make the best possible use of this experimental model using the rat.
Gender and Age Prediction Multilingual Author Profiles Based on Comments

Recently, several approaching been presented to detect automatically users’ age and gender classification from multiple languages based on documents, text, and comments on the web or social media update status. The purpose of this task is determining and detecting information such as age, and gender from multilingual (Roman, Urdu and English) author profiles based on texts or documents. By using four machine learning techniques, my system derives an ensemble model for age and gender categories. The ensemble model is composed of a multinomial Naive Bayes classifier, a Gradient Boosting Classifier, a Logistic Regression CV and a Multi-Layer Perceptron classifier. The system can categorize and diagnose text source automatically with a sensitivity and specificity of age and gender with unknown testing data. The accuracy result is 83 percent for gender category, 60 percent for age, and accuracy 49 percent is for joint age and gender category.
Daytime and nighttime vertical migrations of Alexandrium tamarense in the St. Lawrence estuary (Canada)

A population of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was followed in a 48 h survey of the St. Lawrence estuary in order to determine its ability to perform vertical migrations in nature. A. tamarense performed daytime and nighttime migrations during our study. Cells were gen- erally found close to the surface during daytime, started their descent down to the nitracline before sunset, and returned toward the surface after sunrise (with an estimated migration speed of 2 m h -1 ). Our results suggest that A. tamarense cells were able to fulfill their nitrogen requirement while migrating to the deep layers during the night. During the day, A. tamarense cells adjusted to daily fluctuations in light intensity using their motile capacity and aggregated at a depth where light inten- sity did not exceed 300 µmol photons m -2 s -1 . The nutritional status of the A. tamarense population near the surface was determined at the onset of the 48 h study during a set of onboard nutrient addi- tion experiments. Results from these experiments indicated that the net growth rate of A. tamarense was controlled by phosphate availability, while the biomass was dependent on nitrate availability. These results suggest that the ability of A. tamarense to reach the deep nitrate reservoir at night allows this species to reach elevated biomass as observed during red-tide events, and could push this species toward phosphate limitation in the St. Lawrence estuary.
Direct Payments in England: Factors Linked to Variations in Local Provision

Direct payments have moved to the heart of the government's drive for increased user choice. At the same time, implementation has remained disappointing. This article explores the demand, supply and related factors associated with patterns of local variability in uptake and intensity of care package provision. Statistical analyses are conducted for key client groups – people with physical disabilities, older people, people with learning disabilities and people who use mental health services – using data for England from 2000–01 to 2002–03. The results suggest that direct payments variability reflects a complex array of factors, both within and beyond the control of local public actors. In particular, while local policy preferences appear to shape the extent of direct payments growth, the results also demonstrate that understanding levels of activity requires attention to local circumstances. I see direct payments, personal cash budgets, and other ways of extending choice and control as key to developing social care for the twenty-first century (Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Community Care, Department of Health, 2004).
Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Nickel Oxide (NiO) With Nanostructured Morphology for Photoconversion Applications

The cost-effective production of chemicals in electrolytic cells and the conversion of the radiation energy into electrical energy in photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) require the use of electrodes with large surface area, which possess either electrocatalytic or photoelectrocatalytic properties. In this context nanostructured semiconductors are electrodic materials of great relevance because of the possibility of varying their photoelectrocatalytic properties in a controlled fashion via doping, dye-sensitization or modification of the conditions of deposition. Among semiconductors for electrolysers and PECs the class of the transition metal oxides (TMOs) with a particular focus on NiO interests for the chemical-physical inertness in ambient conditions and the intrinsic electroactivity in the solid state. The latter aspect implies the existence of capacitive properties in TMO and NiO electrodes which thus act as charge storage systems. After a comparative analysis of the (photo)electrochemical properties of nanostructured TMO electrodes in the configuration of thin film the use of NiO and analogs for the specific applications of water photoelectrolysis and, secondly, photoelectrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide will be discussed.
Two Dimensional Lattice Gauge Theory with and Without Fermion Content

OF THE DISSERTATION TWO DIMENSIONAL LATTICE GAUGE THEORY WITH AND WITHOUT FERMION CONTENT by Dibakar Sigdel Florida International University, 2017 Miami, Florida Professor Rajamani Narayanan, Major Professor Quantum Chromo Dyamics (QCD) is a relativistic field theory of a non-abelian gauge field coupled to several flavors of fermions. Two dimensional (one space and one time) QCD serves as an interesting toy model that shares several features with the four dimensional physically relevant theory. The main aim of the research is to study two dimensional QCD using the lattice regularization. Two dimensional QCD without any fermion content is solved analytically using lattice regularization. Explicit expressions for the expectation values of Wilson loops and the correlation of two Polyakov loops oriented in two different directions are obtained. Physics of the QCD vacuum is explained using these results. The Hamlitonian formalism of lattice QCD with fermion content serves as an approach to study quark excitations out of the vacuum. The formalism is first devloped and techniques to numerically evaluate the spectrum of physical particles, namely, meson and baryons are described. The Hybrid Monte Carlo technique was used to numerically extract the lowest meson and baryon masses as a function of the quark masses. It is shown that neither the lowest meson mass nor the lowest baryon mass goes to zero as the quark mass is taken to zero. This numerically establishes the presence of a mass gap in two dimensional QCD.
Nutritional value of Phalaris minor seeds and its comparison with conventional cereal grains for livestock feeding

The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritional value of Phalaris minor seeds in comparison to conventional cereal grains. P. minor seeds had higher ether extract (6.3%), total ash (7.5%), acid insoluble ash (AIA, 4.5%), acid detergent fibre (ADF, 10.2%), cellulose (5.5%), acid detergent lignin (ADL, 2.0%), neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP, 4.0%) and acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP, 2.7%) content in comparison to conventional cereal grains. The crude protein of P. minor seeds (12.3%) was similar to that of wheat (12.0%), but higher than other conventional cereal grains including maize (9.0%). The amino acid composition of P. minor seeds was more or less similar to conventional cereal grains. P. minor seeds had a superior mineral profile (Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) than conventional cereal grains. In vitro evaluation revealed that net gas production was lowest (P<0.05) in P. minor seeds (216.37 L/kg DM/24 h). The methane production (L/kg DM/24 h)from P. minor seeds (43.03)was lower (P<0.05) than that from wheat (54.33) and barley (57.35). The organic matter digestibility of P. minor seeds (83.27%) was similar to that of barley (81.69%). It was concluded that P. minor seeds could be considered as potential source of nutrients for livestock.
Sunflower breeding for resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loefl./ Orobanche cumana Wallr.)

The paper reports the results we have thus far achieved in introducing genes for resistance to broomrape into sunflower line HA-19. Our use of convergent crosses based on transgressive recombination has proven very suitable as a method for incorporating resistance genes into standard sunflower lines. The χ test has shown the inheritance of resistance to be controlled by a single dominant gene. The results have also confirmed that the presence of broomrape in plant materials can be diagnosed very early in the season using a modification of the Pancenko method. In the present study, an assessment made 40 days after sowing showed that broomrape plants were for the most part well developed by that time.
A meta-analysis of autologous transplantation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in the era of novel agents

Abstract To evaluate the role of high-dose melphalan plus autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) as consolidation therapy for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) in the era of novel agents, we undertook this meta-analysis. Medline, Embase, the Cochrane controlled trials register, the SCI, ASH, EHA, and ASCO were searched for clinical trials including high-dose chemotherapy plus ASCT for patients with NDMM. Finally, we identified four RCTs of ASCT versus novel agents based consolidations, and 10 single-arm prospective trials of ASCT alone. Pooled analysis indicated that response quality improved further after ASCT in the era of novel agents (≥CR rates of 13% pre-ASCT versus 29% post-ASCT, p = .003). When compared to novel agents containing consolidation regimens, high-dose chemotherapy plus ASCT significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) (HR =0.56, p < .001). No significant difference in overall survival (OS) was found between them (HR =0.66, p = .22). Of note, subgroup analysis indicated that ASCT could significantly improve OS (HR =0.49, p = .0004) when compared to alkylating agent-based regimens plus lenalidomide consolidation. In summary, response quality and PFS improved further over ASCT in the era of novel agents. ASCT could improve survival than alkylating agent-based regimens plus lenalidomide consolidations for patients with NDMM.
MHD BOUNDARY LAYER SLIP FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OVER A POROUS FLAT PLATE EMBEDDED IN A POROUS MEDIUM

A mathematical model is presented for analyzing the steady magneto- hydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer forced convective flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting fluid past a porous plate embedded in a porous medium with slip conditions at the boundary. The governing system of partial differential equations is first transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by introducing an appropriate similarity transformation, which is then solved numerically using a finite difference method. Velocity and temperature profiles are shown graphically for different values of parameters involved and discussed in detail. In the presence of magnetic field, both fluid velocity and temperature increase with increasing suction and decrease for increasing blowing. Results indicate that temperature decrease with thermal slip parameter. On the other hand for increasing Prandtl Number, thermal boundary layer thickness decreases rapidly.
Non-answers during Conference Calls

We construct a novel measure of disclosure choice by firms. Our measure is computed using linguistic analysis of conference calls to identify whether a manager’s response to an analyst question is a “non-answer. ” Using our measure, about 11% of analyst questions elicit non-answers from managers, a rate that is stable over time and similar across industries. A useful feature of our measure is that it enables an examination of disclosure choice within a call. Analyst questions with a negative tone, greater uncertainty, greater complexity, or requests for greater detail are more likely to trigger non-answers. We find that performance-related questions tend to be associated with non-answers, and this association is weaker when performance news is favorable. We also find analyst questions about proprietary information are associated with non-answers, and this association is stronger when firm competition is more intense.