Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do We Trust the Crowd? Effects of Crowdsourcing on Perceived Credibility of Online Health Information

ABSTRACT Crowdsourcing websites such as Wikipedia have become go-to places for health information. To what extent do we trust such health content that is generated by other Internet users? Will it make a difference if such entries are curated by medical professionals? Does the affordance of crowdsourcing make users feel like they themselves could be contributors, and does that influence their credibility judgments? We explored these questions with a 2 (Crowdsourcing: absence vs. presence) × 2 (Professional source: absence vs. presence) × 2 (Message: sunscreen vs. milk) between-subjects experiment (N = 189). Two indirect paths for crowdsourcing effects were found. The crowd-as-source path suggests that crowdsourcing negatively affects content credibility through decreased source trustworthiness and information completeness. In contrast, the self-as-source path indicates that crowdsourcing elevates source trustworthiness via heightened interactivity and sense of control. Although the additional professional source raises perceived gatekeeping on the site, it does not have substantial influence on credibility judgments. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy and buprenorphine for opioid use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT Background: Recent systematic reviews have questioned the ability of psychosocial intervention to add substantive benefit to buprenorphine therapy. Objectives: The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to test the random effects model (REM) null hypothesis that, for opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid biological sample outcomes, the summary effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) + buprenorphine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) = 0. Methods: A systematic review was conducted searching electronic databases and the reference lists of included studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria were used to guide this review and the REM meta-analysis. Results: The initial meta-analytic model (k = 4) was insignificant (REM Hedges’ g =.22, Z = 1.27, p =.206, 95% CI: −0.12–0.56) and heterogeneous (I2 = 53.47). A pre-specified categorical moderator analysis explained the heterogeneity via CBT modality. Categorical moderator analysis (k = 4) showed non-individual CBT RCTs (k = 2) to have a REM Hedges’ g summary effect of.598 (p =.006) and individual-CBT RCTs (k = 2) to have a REM Hedges’ g summary effect of −0.010 (p = .936). The difference between these two subgroups was significant (Q = 5.85, df = 1, p = .016). Conclusion: The evidence cautiously suggests that for OUD, there may be some benefit to adding non-individual CBT to buprenorphine therapy.
Utility of narrowband imaging in the diagnosis of laryngeal leukoplakia: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluates the validity of narrowband imaging (NBI) in differentiating between low‐risk leukoplakia and high‐risk leukoplakia. Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects were searched. Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of NBI in the assessment of laryngeal leukoplakia were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria assessing a total of 586 lesions with laryngeal leukoplakia. In differentiating between low‐risk and high‐risk leukoplakia, NBI had a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 85.4% (95% CI [76‐99.9]) and 94.9% (95% CI [91.1‐97.2]) respectively. Pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 99.2 (95% CI [38.28‐257.18]). NBI is a useful imaging modality in differentiating between low‐risk leukoplakia and high‐risk laryngeal leukoplakia. The high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio make NBI a useful tool in the workup of laryngeal leukoplakia.
The relation between the placebo response, observed treatment effect, and failure to meet primary endpoint: A systematic review of clinical trials of preventative pharmacological migraine treatments

Objective To evaluate the association between the degree of response to placebo in migraine studies and the observed difference between drug and placebo across studies of preventative treatments for migraine. Methods A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials from January 1988 to June 2019. Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trials on oral or injection preventative treatments for migraine were included. Single- and multi-variable linear regression analyses were performed on the placebo-subtracted response rate (i.e. placebo responders subtracted from active responders), and the proportion of placebo responders. Fisher’s exact tests were performed on the level of placebo response and the success in meeting the study’s primary endpoint. Results After adjusting for route of administration and number of randomized subjects, there was a statistically significant association between the proportion of patients who were placebo responders and the placebo-subtracted response rate (b = −0.27, p = 0.02). There was a statistically significant difference in trial success rate (60%) between studies with ≤20% placebo responders and studies with > 30% placebo responders (p = 0.03). Conclusion Considering the detrimental impact that high placebo response can have on clinical trials, it is imperative to find effective solutions to decrease the placebo response and increase assay sensitivity.
Teleaudiology hearing aid fitting follow-up consultations for adults: single blinded crossover randomised control trial and cohort studies

Abstract Objective To evaluate and compare the effectiveness and quality of standard face-to-face and teleaudiology hearing aid fitting follow-up consultations and blended services for adult hearing aid users. Design and Study sample Fifty-six participants were randomly allocated to two equal groups, with equal numbers of new and experienced users. One standard and one teleaudiology follow-up consultation were delivered by an audiologist, the latter assisted by a facilitator. The order was reversed for the second group. Outcome measurement tools were applied to assess aspects of participants’ communication, fitting (physical, sensorial), quality of life, and service. Cross-sectional and longitudinal outcomes were analysed. Results Most participants presented with moderate, sloping, and symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss. The duration of teleaudiology (42.96 ± 2.73 min) was equivalent to face-to-face consultations (41.25 ± 2.61 min). All modes of service delivery significantly improved outcomes for communication, fitting, and quality of life (p > 0.05). Satisfaction for both consultation modes was high, although significantly greater with standard consultations. The mode and order of delivery of the consultations did not influence the outcomes. Conclusion Teleaudiology hearing aid follow-up consultations can deliver significant improvements, and do not differ from standard consultations. Blended services also deliver significant improvements. Satisfaction can be negatively impacted by technical or human-related issues.
A Lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement Schemes for IoT Environments

In the Internet of Things (IoT) environment, more types of devices than ever before are connected to the internet to provide IoT services. Smart devices are becoming more intelligent and improving performance, but there are devices with little computing power and low storage capacity. Devices with limited resources will have difficulty applying existing public key cryptography systems to provide security. Therefore, communication protocols for various kinds of participating devices should be applicable in the IoT environment, and these protocols should be lightened for resources-restricted devices. Security is an essential element in the IoT environment, so for secure communication, it is necessary to perform authentication between the communication objects and to generate the session key. In this paper, we propose two kinds of lightweight authentication and key agreement schemes to enable fast and secure authentication among the objects participating in the IoT environment. The first scheme is an authentication and key agreement scheme with limited resource devices that can use the elliptic curve Qu–Vanstone (ECQV) implicit certificate to quickly agree on the session key. The second scheme is also an authentication and key agreement scheme that can be used more securely, but slower than first scheme using certificateless public key cryptography (CL-PKC). In addition, we compare and analyze existing schemes and propose new schemes to improve security requirements that were not satisfactory.
The effect of in‐session exposure in Fear‐Avoidance treatment of chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial

Treatment based on the Fear‐Avoidance (FA) model has been found to be effective with chronic low back pain (CLBP), and in‐vivo exposure of fear evoking movements is proposed as a key change mechanism. Exposure tasks may be conducted in the session (in‐session exposure; ISE), in other real‐life situations (between sessions exposure) as part of homework assignments, or both. Utilising a randomized, controlled dismantling study design, the aim of this study was to examine the unique effects of ISE in FA‐treatment of CLBP.
Is there a safe place for posterior malleolar screw fixation? An anatomic study on dry bones

Objectives This study aims to determine the secure location and angle of the most distal screw during posterior malleolar (PM) fracture fixation. Materials and methods This prospective study was performed on September 15, 2019. Distal tibial concave articular depth and PM inclination angle were measured on 100 (50 male and 50 female) dry tibia bones using a digital caliper. A comparative analysis between male and female tibias was performed. Results Anteroposterior width of male tibia (38.3±3.1 mm) was wider than female tibia (35.3±3.2 mm) (p:<0.001). Mediolateral length of the male tibia (44.8±3.5 mm) was longer than female tibia (42.7±3.4 mm) (p:0.003). Male tibial joint (5.4±0.7 mm) was deeper than that of female (4.7±0.3 mm) (p:<0.001). The PM inclination angle was higher in male tibia (18.0±1.5°) than female tibia (15.4±1.3°) (p:<0.001). Conclusion If a screw placement parallel to the joint surface is desired, the screw insertion should be located 6 mm and 5 mm superior to the distal edge of the PM rim in males and females, respectively. If a more distal screw is required, the screw should be inserted in at least 18° and 15° anterosuperior direction for males and females, respectively.
PA from a Recent H9N2 (G1-Like) Avian Influenza A Virus (AIV) Strain Carrying Lysine 367 Confers Altered Replication Efficiency and Pathogenicity to Contemporaneous H5N1 in Mammalian Systems

Egypt is a hotspot for H5- and H9-subtype avian influenza A virus (AIV) infections and co-infections in poultry by both subtypes have been frequently reported. However, natural genetic reassortment of these subtypes has not been reported yet. Here, we evaluated the genetic compatibility and replication efficiency of reassortants between recent isolates of an Egyptian H5N1 and a H9N2 AIV (H5N1EGY and H9N2EGY). All internal viral proteins-encoding segments of the contemporaneous G1-like H9N2EGY, expressed individually and in combination in the genetic background of H5N1EGY, were genetically compatible with the other H5N1EGY segments. At 37 °C the replication efficiencies of H5N1EGY reassortants expressing the H9N2EGY polymerase subunits PB2 and PA (H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY, H5N1PA-H9N2EGY) were higher than the wild-type H5N1EGY in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-II) cells. This could not be correlated to viral polymerase activity as this was found to be improved for H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY, but reduced for H5N1PA-H9N2EGY. At 33 °C and 39 °C, H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY and H5N1PA-H9N2EGY replicated to higher levels than the wild-type H5N1EGY in human Calu-3 and A549 cell lines. Nevertheless, in BALB/c mice both reassortants caused reduced mortality compared to the wild-type H5N1EGY. Genetic analysis of the polymerase-encoding segments revealed that the PAH9N2EGY and PB2H9N2EGY encode for a distinct uncharacterized mammalian-like variation (367K) and a well-known mammalian signature (591K), respectively. Introducing the single substitution 367K into the PA of H5N1EGY enabled the mutant virus H5N1PA-R367K to replicate more efficiently at 37 °C in primary human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and also in A549 and Calu-3 cells at 33 °C and 39 °C. Furthermore, H5N1PA-R367K caused higher mortality in BALB/c mice. These findings demonstrate that H5N1 (Clade 2.2.1.2) reassortants carrying internal proteins-encoding segments of G1-like H9N2 viruses can emerge and may gain improved replication fitness. Thereby such H5N1/H9N2 reassortants could augment the zoonotic potential of H5N1 viruses, especially by acquiring unique mammalian-like aa signatures.
Does mini-midvastus approach have an advantageous effect on rapid recovery protocols over medial parapatellar approach in total knee arthroplasty?

Objectives This study aims to compare the effects of mini- midvastus (MMV) versus medial parapatellar (MPP) approach on rapid recovery protocols during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and methods This prospective, randomized, single- blinded study was performed in 54 patients (4 males, 50 females; mean age 64.1±6.4 years) diagnosed as primary knee osteoarthritis and planned for unilateral TKA between May 2018 and March 2019. Patients were randomly assigned as MMV (1 male, 26 females; mean age 65±6.4 years) and MPP (3 males, 24 females; mean age 63.2±6.3 years) groups. Rapid recovery TKA protocol and discharge criteria were assembled and all patients were evaluated preoperatively, and at postoperative first and third months. Length of hospital stay (LOS) was recorded for all patients. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values, radiologic assessment of alignment, knee range of motion (ROM), quadriceps muscle strength, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), 30-sec chair-stand test, stair-climb test, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) were used for evaluations by blinded observers. Results There was no significant difference in demographic variables between two groups. Operative time in MMV Group (78.1±2.7 min) was significantly longer than the MPP Group (65.9±2.6 min) (p<0.0005). LOSs in the MMV and MPP Groups were 27.6±3.1 hours and 29.1±6.7 hours with no significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative measurements between groups in hemoglobin and hematocrit values, radiologic alignment of components, knee ROM, VAS, 30-sec chair-stand test, stair-climb test, WOMAC, KOOS, and SF-36 evaluations (p>0.05). In terms of quadriceps muscle strength gain, we could not find any difference between groups in pre- and postoperative difference of changes (p>0.05). Conclusion With the use of contemporary rapid recovery protocols during TKA, MMV approach had no superiority over MPP approach when quadriceps muscle strength, LOS, pain, function, and quality of life were assessed. Longer operative time in the MMV approach compared to MPP approach may be considered as a disadvantage.
Accuracy and Precision Assessment of AoA-Based Indoor Positioning Systems Using Infrastructure Lighting and a Position-Sensitive Detector

Unlike GNSS-based outdoor positioning, there is no technological alternative for Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) that generally stands out from the others. In indoor contexts, the measurement technologies and localization strategies to be used depend strongly on the application requirements and are complementary to each other. In this work, we present an optical IPS based on a Position-Sensitive Detector (PSD) and exploiting illumination infrastructure to determine the target position by Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements. We combine the proposed IPS with different positioning strategies depending on the number of visible emitters (one, two, or more) and available prior or additional information about the scenario and target. The accuracy and precision of the proposal is assessed experimentally for the different strategies in a 2.47 m high space covering approximately 2.2 m2, using high-end geodetic equipment to establish the reference ground truth. When the orientation of the target is known from external measurements, an average positioning error of 8.2 mm is obtained using the signal received from only one emitter. Using simultaneous observations from two emitters, an average positioning error of 9.4 mm is obtained without external information when the target movement is restricted to a plane. Conversely, if four signals are available, an average positioning error of 4.9 cm is demonstrated, yielding the complete 3D pose of the target free of any prior assumption or additional measurements. In all cases, a precision (2σ) better than 5.9 mm is achieved across the complete test space for an integration time of 10 ms. The proposed system represents a prospectively useful alternative for indoor positioning applications requiring fast and reliable cm-level accuracy with moderate cost when smart illumination infrastructure is available in the environment.
Maximizing Bark and Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Catches in Trapping Surveys for Longhorn and Jewel Beetles

Abstract Bark and ambrosia beetles are commonly moved among continents within timber and fresh wood-packaging materials. Routine visual inspections of imported commodities are often complemented with baited traps set up in natural areas surrounding entry points. Given that these activities can be expensive, trapping protocols that attract multiple species simultaneously are needed. Here we investigated whether trapping protocols commonly used to detect longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) can be exploited also for detecting bark and ambrosia beetles. In factorial experiments conducted in 2016 both in Italy (seminatural and reforested forests) and Canada (mixed forest) we tested the effect of trap color (green vs purple), trap height (understory vs canopy), and attractive blend (hardwood-blend developed for broadleaf-associated wood-boring beetles vs ethanol in Italy; hardwood-blend vs softwood-blend developed for conifer-associated wood-boring beetles, in Canada) separately on bark beetles and ambrosia beetles, as well as on individual bark and ambrosia beetle species. Trap color affected catch of ambrosia beetles more so than bark beetles, with purple traps generally more attractive than green traps. Trap height affected both beetle groups, with understory traps generally performing better than canopy traps. Hardwood-blend and ethanol performed almost equally in attracting ambrosia beetles in Italy, whereas hardwood-blend and softwood-blend were more attractive to broadleaf-associated species and conifer-associated species, respectively, in Canada. In general, we showed that trapping variables suitable for generic surveillance of longhorn and jewel beetles may also be exploited for survey of bark and ambrosia beetles, but trapping protocols must be adjusted depending on the forest type.
Pandæsim: An Epidemic Spreading Stochastic Simulator

Simple Summary In order to study the efficiency of countermeasures used against the Covid-19 pandemic at the scale of a country, we designed a model and developed an efficient simulation program based on a well known discrete stochastic simulation framework along with a standard, coarse grain, spatial localisation extension. Our particular approach allows us also to implement deterministic continuous resolutions of the same model. We applied it to the Covid-19 epidemic in France where lockdown countermeasures were used. With the stochastic discrete method, we found good correlations between the simulation results and the statistics gathered from hospitals. In contrast, the deterministic continuous approach lead to very different results. We proposed an explanation based on the fact that the effects of discretisation are high for small values, but low for large values. When we add stochasticity, it can explain the differences in behaviour of those two approaches. This system is one more tool to study different countermeasures to epidemics, from lockdowns to social distancing, and also the effects of mass vaccination. It could be improved by including the possibility of individual reinfection. Abstract Many methods have been used to model epidemic spreading. They include ordinary differential equation systems for globally homogeneous environments and partial differential equation systems to take into account spatial localisation and inhomogeneity. Stochastic differential equations systems have been used to model the inherent stochasticity of epidemic spreading processes. In our case study, we wanted to model the numbers of individuals in different states of the disease, and their locations in the country. Among the many existing methods we used our own variant of the well known Gillespie stochastic algorithm, along with the sub-volumes method to take into account the spatial localisation. Our algorithm allows us to easily switch from stochastic discrete simulation to continuous deterministic resolution using mean values. We applied our approaches on the study of the Covid-19 epidemic in France. The stochastic discrete version of Pandæsim showed very good correlations between the simulation results and the statistics gathered from hospitals, both on day by day and on global numbers, including the effects of the lockdown. Moreover, we have highlighted interesting differences in behaviour between the continuous and discrete methods that may arise in some particular conditions.
Parents’ Perspectives on the Health Education Provided by Clinicians in Portuguese Pediatric Hospitals and Primary Care for Children Aged 1 to 10 Years

This study aimed to analyze parents’ perspectives of the health education practice provided by health professionals to children and parents. This is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach, based on the conceptual framework of health education provided by health professionals to children/young people and families. The selection took place by non-probabilistic sampling of convenience, and was developed with parents/users of health units for pediatric hospitalization and primary health care in northern Portugal. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 20 parents from March to April 2019, and were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Health education was understood to enhance health, and the evaluation was carried out according to planning and partnership. The most frequent topics were food, the national vaccination plan, and accident prevention. The evaluation shown is very positive, pointing to the nurse as the professional of choice for this practice and thus contributing to the visibility of nursing. We can state that the perspectives of parents about the health education carried out by health professionals show a practice that values health; is adaptable to the complexity of the binomial child and parents; is capable of influencing health determinants with sustainability, efficacy, and effectiveness; and gives visibility to nurses’ positions as health educators.