Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Nodules Arising within a Birthmark on the Scalp: A Quiz

Journal Compilation © 2020 Acta Dermato-Venereologica. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3564 A 54-year-old Japanese woman presented with multiple nodules arising within a hairless birthmark on her head. On examination, multiple greyish-black dome-shaped nodules, the largest measuring 17 × 16 mm, arising within a 67×40mm alopecic grey oval plaque were observed on her right temple (Fig. 1). The largest nodule had started to grow rapidly 2 years prior to the presentation. Her past medical history was unremarkable, with no neurological, skeletal or congenital anomalies. There was no relevant family history. Punch biopsies from the largest nodule showed an atypical melanocytic lesion, with the possibility of malignant melanoma (MM), arising on a melanocytic naevus. The entire plaque was excised with a 10-mm margin, and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was performed. A scanning view of the surgical specimen revealed multiple dermal nodules within a melanocytic naevus. The largest nodule was surrounded by a fibrillar capsule, showing sharp demarcation; nodular proliferation of predominantly large epithelioid cells with amphophilic or vacuolar cytoplasm and varying degrees of melanin pigmentation were observed. Although enlargement of nuclei and prominence of nucleoli were observed, the cytological atypia was lowgrade and mitotic figures were sporadic, with a mitotic rate of 1 per 10 high-power field (HPF). There were no findings of necrosis or of abnormal mitosis (Fig. 2a). The rest of the nodules showed nodular proliferation of epithelioid cells with enlarged nuclei, the cells had lower cellularity than the largest nodule, and neither nuclear pleomorphisms nor mitotic figures were observed (Fig. 2b). The cells of the melanocytic naevus in the background were forming nests at the level of the dermis, which partly extended into the tendon tissue (data not shown). The surgical margin and SLNB were negative.
Convergences and Trends in the Evolution of the Archosaur Pelvis

Abstract The pelvic structure in non-avian archosaurs plays a key role in understanding the evolution of terrestrial locomotor patterns because the pelvis contains major attachment sites for proximal hind limb musculature. In order to investigate patterns of pelvic evolution in archosaurs, this study compiled three pelvic indices, as well as femoral head orientation, for 92 archosaur taxa. With the metrics and a reconstructed supertree, we examined the correlated evolution of the pelvis and femur, the correlation among pelvic components, and temporal trends in the evolution of the pelvis. The result shows that archosaurs with medially directed femoral heads have more cranially shifted iliac centroids and more posteriorly rotated pubes than taxa with anteromedially directed femoral heads. The craniad shift of the iliac centroid might be correlated to the posterior rotation of pubis. The pelvic structures of pterosaurs, ornithischians, sauropods, and avetheropods occupy a different morphospace from basal archosaurs, pseudosuchians, basal dinosauromorphs, basal theropods, and basal sauropodomorphs in having more cranially expanded ilia, more posteriorly rotated pubes, and medially deflected femoral heads. This may imply that pterosaurs and those derived dinosaurs independently underwent similar shifts in thigh muscles and locomotion. The evolutionary model fitting supports the early-burst model for iliac and pubic metrics in more inclusive archosaur clades, indicating that larger changes of archosaur pelves occurred in early times of the clade's history.
LATE PLEISTOCENE FAUNA FROM THE SOUTHERN COLORADO PLATEAU, NAVAJO COUNTY, ARIZONA

Abstract We discovered a mandible of the flat-headed peccary (Platygonus compressus) in a sand and gravel borrow pit (Pit Stop Quarry) between Taylor and Show Low, Navajo County, Arizona. We also found isolated skeletal elements of a mole salamander (Ambystomatidae), pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis), sagebrush vole (Lemmiscus curtatus), and several other small mammals in sediments immediately surrounding the peccary jaw. The presence of P. compressus indicates that the deposit is of late Pleistocene age. Specimens also represent the first Pleistocene record of Ambystomatidae on the Colorado Plateau, an important additional record of P. compressus on the Colorado Plateau, and 1 of 2 records of B. idahoensis in Arizona.
The effect of endophyte on the performance of irrigated perennial ryegrasses in subtropical Australia

The effect of fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) infection on the performance of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) growing under irrigation in a subtropical environment was investigated. Seed of 4 cultivars, infected with standard (common toxic or wild-type) endophyte or the novel endophyte AR1, or free of endophyte (Nil), was sown in pure swards, which were fertilised with 50 kg N/ha.month. Seasonal and total yield, persistence, and rust susceptibility were assessed over 3 years, along with details of the presence of endophyte and alkaloids in plant shoots. Endophyte occurrence in tillers in both the standard and AR1 treatments was above 95% for Bronsyn and Impact throughout and rose to that level in Samson by the end of the second year. Meridian AR1 only reached 93% while, in the standard treatment, the endophyte had mostly died before sowing. Nil Zendophyte treatments carried an average of ? 0.6% infection throughout. Infection of the standard endophyte was associated with increased dry matter (DM) yields in all 3 years compared with no endophyte. AR1 also significantly increased yields in the second and third years. Over the full 3 years, standard and AR1 increased yields by 18% and 11%, respectively. Infection with both endophytes was associated with increased yields in all 4 seasons, the effects increasing in intensity over time. There was 27% better persistence in standard infected plants compared with Nil at the end of the first year, increasing to 198% by the end of the experiment, while for AR1 the improvements were 20 and 134%, respectively. The effect of endophyte on crown rust (Puccinia coronata) infection was inconsistent, with endophyte increasing rust damage on one occasion and reducing it on another. Cultivar differences in rust infection were greater than endophyte effects. Plants infected with the AR1 endophyte had no detectable ergovaline or lolitrem B in leaf, pseudostem, or dead tissue. In standard infected plants, ergovaline and lolitrem B were highest in pseudostem and considerably lower in leaf. Dead tissue had very low or no detectable ergovaline but high lolitrem B concentrations. Peramine concentration was high and at similar levels in leaf and pseudostem, but not detectable in dead material. Concentration was similar in both AR1 and standard infected plants. Endophyte presence appeared to have a similar effect in the subtropics as has been demonstrated in temperate areas, in terms of improving yields and persistence and increasing tolerance of plants to stress factors.
Network level characteristics in the emotion recognition network after unilateral temporal lobe surgery

The human amygdala is considered a key region for successful emotion recognition. We recently reported that temporal lobe surgery (TLS), including resection of the amygdala, does not affect emotion recognition performance (Journal of Neuroscience, 2018, 38, 9263). In the present study, we investigate the neural basis of this preserved function at the network level. We use generalized psychophysiological interaction and graph theory indices to investigate network level characteristics of the emotion recognition network in TLS patients and healthy controls. Based on conflicting emotion processing theories, we anticipated two possible outcomes: a substantial increase of the non‐amygdalar connections of the emotion recognition network to compensate functionally for the loss of the amygdala, in line with basic emotion theory versus only minor changes in network level properties as predicted by psychological construction theory. We defined the emotion recognition network in the total sample and investigated group differences on five network level indices (i.e. characteristic path length, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, local efficiency and small‐worldness). The results did not reveal a significant increase in the left or right temporal lobectomy group (compared to the control group) in any of the graph measures, indicating that preserved behavioural emotion recognition in TLS is not associated with a massive connectivity increase between non‐amygdalar nodes at network level. We conclude that the emotion recognition network is robust and functionally able to compensate for structural damage without substantial global reorganization, in line with a psychological construction theory.
Low population density of the endangered forest musk deer, Moschus berezovskii, in China.

Population estimation is important in conservation biology. Conservation projects are generally implemented on the basis of population estimation of objective animals. The Chinese forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) is an endangered mammal that dwells in the alpine forests. At present, it only exists in fragmented habitats in southwest China. There are currently no population estimates of the wild population of Chinese forest musk deer; therefore, we used distance sampling method and strip transect method to determine the relative population density quantified by the indices of abundance of this species. The results showed that the indices of abundance of the Chinese forest musk deer was 0.16 – 0.24 individuals/km evaluated by using the distance method; and 0.11 ± 0.21 individuals/km evaluated by using the strip transect method. Our results suggested the indices of abundance varies according to the geographical variation, which may attribute to the economic imbalance between eastern part and western in China. In addition, many human disturbances were present in the habitat of Chinese forest musk deer. Extensive poaching was currently being practiced, as revealed by our field observation of 0.14 snares/km. In addition, the population trend in Mayuhe and Yele seemed to be decreasing. Consequently, we can postulate that the Chinese forest musk deer had a small population density, and this finding could be attributed to the markedly high human disturbances, particularly poaching, in the habitat of forest musk deer.
What influences aggression and foraging activity in social birds? Measuring individual, group and environmental characteristics

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Ethology published by Blackwell Verlag GmbH. 1Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, Washington Singer Labs, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK 2WWT, Slimbridge Wetland Centre, Gloucestershire, UK 3University Centre Sparsholt, Winchester, UK
A review of the North American species of the fungus-gardening ant genus Trachymyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

We revise and key Trachymyrmex ants occurring in North America north of Mexico. We recognize nine species, including one new species from southern Arizona: T. arizonensis (Wheeler), T. carinatus Mackay & Mackay, T. desertorum (Wheeler), T. jamaicensis (André), T. nogalensis Byars, T. pomonae Rabeling & Cover sp. nov., T. septentrionalis (McCook), T. smithi Buren, and T. turrifex (Wheeler). Two infraspecific taxa are synonymized: T. smithi neomexicanus Cole syn. nov. (= T. smithi) and T. turrifex caroli Wheeler syn. nov. (= T. turrifex). We briefly characterize the previously undescribed queens of T. desertorum and T. nogalensis, and the males of T. desertorum and T. turrifex. We include keys for the identification of workers, queens and males, along with distribution maps for all species. A phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence information for parts of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I and the first intron of the F1copy of the nuclear protein-coding gene Elongation Factor 1-α is used to characterize the intraversus inter-specific genetic variation of several populations per species. The molecular phylogenetic analysis supports our taxonomic conclusions concerning the North American Trachymyrmex species.
Assessment of the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Lotus Cultivars Grown in China by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism

To assess the genetic diversity among lotus (Nelumbo) accessions and evaluate the correlation between genetic variation and morphological classification, we sampled 138 accessions: two ofN. lutea, 112 ofN. nucifera,17of hybrids between N. nucifera and N. lutea, and seven Japanese cultivars. The 11 selected combinations of amplified fragmentlengthpolymorphism(AFLP)primersproduced138polymorphicloci,andthepercentage ofpolymorphism was 28.7%. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram clustered all the accessionsintotwogroups:Group IcomprisedN.luteaanditshybridswithN. nucifera;GroupIIincludedN.nucifera and its hybrids with N. lutea and Japanese cultivars. Population structure analysis identified four main clusters: N. lutea clustered mainly in C1, whereas N. nucifera clustered in C2, C3, and C4, which was consistent with the UPGMA and principal coordinate analysis results. The Japanese cultivars were related more closely to N. nucifera (genetic similarity coefficient = 0.74) than to N. lutea (0.46); hence, the Japanese cultivars can be classified as N. nucifera. Moreover, rhizome lotuses formed a separate subclade, whereas seed lotuses were interspersed among flower lotuses, whichdemonstratedthatrhizome lotusesweredistinctfromflowerandseedlotuses.Plantsize,flowercolor,andother morphological criteria used commonly to classify lotuses were correlated with genetic variation to acertain extent but not sufficiently for accurate classification. It appears that it is necessary to use both DNA markers and morphological characteristics to classify lotus species and cultivars.
Comparative proteomic studies in leguminous species.

During present work, comparative Proteomics were employed for elaborating genetic diversity in 27 accessions of 6 g enera of family Papilionaceae (legumes fam ily). Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was employed for analyzing seed storage protein of the species. The Proteomic assay comprised a total of 296 reliably score able protein alleles identified in the twenty-seven accessions of legumes. The genetic distance estimates ranged from 0-100%. Phylogenetic relationship among the legume based upon cluster analysis assorted all the accessions in to 4 groups A, B C and D comprising 15, 5, 4 and 3 accessions, respectively.
Defining Suitability in Mixed Agropastoral Societies: A Case Study from Bactria in Northern Afghanistan

ABSTRACT This paper explores the concept of suitability within applications of Ideal Distribution Models (IDMs). Specifically, we investigate the effectiveness of single measures of suitability in contexts where diverse local populations practised a range of subsistence strategies with different environmental requirements and sociocultural consequences. To do so, we draw on legacy survey data from northern Afghanistan, within the historic region of Bactria. This region of Central Asia has a rich history of nomadic pastoralism as well as dense urban settlement, with these two lifeways often occurring concurrently with complex social and economic interdependencies developing between pastoral and agricultural societies. Conceptually, we predict that such diversity should be difficult to model by conventional IDMs, as what may be defined as a low ranked habitat by one definition of suitability may be highly ranked in another. On the other hand, identifying strong deviations from IDMs may in fact indicate shifts in subsistence strategies and settlement patterns occurring across various periods of sociopolitical and cultural change. Based on our analysis, we conclude that single measures of suitability do not sufficiently model settlement patterns as predicted by IDMs but do in fact help highlight long-term processes of ecological engineering and inheritance.
Decision-making in foster care: A view on the dynamic and collective nature of the process

Summary Placement in a foster family by child welfare services is a crucial decision in the trajectory of a child. Nevertheless, the strategies and procedures underlying the decision to remove a child from his/her family for placement in foster care remain little studied. Based on 39 semi-directed individual interviews with social workers from child welfare services, the current study aims at highlighting how social workers come to the decision to remove a child from parental care, and how they choose a foster family. Findings The thematic analysis of the qualitative data collected reveals that four main components were raised by social workers to explain how they make their decisions regarding placement and what are the considerations associated with this process: (1) Professional consensus and collaboration, (2) Clinical and legal guidelines, (3) Risk assessment and clinical judgment, and (4) Personality and values of the social worker. The results of this study show that decisions surrounding the removal of a child from his/her family and the choice of a foster family are the result of multiples factors and strategies involving the social worker and other collaborating professionals, as well as their legal and administrative context. Application The findings suggest that additional efforts could be made in child protection organizations and agencies in order to develop supportive measures that take into account the collective and interactional aspect of the decision-making process regarding placement in foster care.
Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome for the groundhopper Mazarredia convexa (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)

Abstract Using next generation sequencing (NGS), we determined the mitochondrial genome of Mazarredia convexa. The assembled mitochondrial genome of M. convexa was found to be 15,089 bp, consisting of 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes). The region that we failed to sequence was between rrnS and trnI, and generally contained a putative AT-rich region. Its gene composition and order were similar to all reported tetrigid species. The overall nucleotide composition was 43.4% of A, 30.6% of T, 9.4% of G, and 16.6% of C. The data can help to better understand the phylogenetic status of M. convexa in Tetrigidae.
A Review of Phasor Measurement Unit Requirements and Monitoring Architecture Practices for State Estimation at Distribution Systems

Distribution system and market operators will need or be required to monitor closely distribution systems, due to the presence of multiple actors, such as generating and storage units, as also active loads. The reason for this is the effect of these latter actors to system operation as also to ensure they follow their commitments in the deregulated market frameworks. This paper discusses why the traditional approach to state estimation as this has been developed for transmission systems cannot be extended to distribution systems. Some preliminary proposals are made, and a high-level architecture is presented as part of an on-going research work on the matter.
Mechanisms regulating direction of spiral colony curvature in bacteria of genus Bacillus

Among members of the genus Bacillus, B. mycoides are characterized by the formation of radiating spider web-like colonies known as rhizoids. Di Franco et al. previously reported the existence of two morphotypes of rhizoids in B. mycoides, whose filaments systematically curved in either a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction. However, the mechanisms regulating the direction of curvature remain unknown. In this investigation, we isolated a Bacillus strain forming rhizoidal colonies from soil and demonstrated that its colonies change direction of curvature (either clockwise or counter-clockwise) depending on the NaCl concentration of the culture media. In addition, we performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the strain's 16S rDNA gene sequence using the neighbor joining method and, utilizing a scanning electron microscope, examined its morphological characteristics. Abstract: Among members of the genus Bacillus, B. mycoides are characterized by the formation of radiating spider web-like colonies known as rhizoids. Di Franco et al. previously reported the existence of two morphotypes of rhizoids in B. mycoides, whose filaments systematically curved in either a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction. However, the mechanisms regulating the direction of curvature remain unknown. In this investigation, we isolated a Bacillus strain forming rhizoidal colonies from soil and demonstrated that its colonies change direction of curvature (either clockwise or counter-clockwise) depending on the NaCl concentration of the culture media. In addition, we performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the strain's 16S rDNA gene sequence using the neighbor joining method and, utilizing a scanning electron microscope, examined its morphological characteristics.
Effects of Light Restriction on Broiler Performance and Specific Body Structure Measurements

SUMMARY This experiment was conducted over a 42-day period to determine the effect of light restriction on performance parameters and specific body structure measurements of male broilers. The two light treatments studied were 23 hr light:1 hr dark (control) and 12 hr light:12 hr dark (restricted). Measurements taken during the experiment were body weight, feed conversion, livability, length of shank and keel, and tibiotarsal weight and strength. The results of this experiment showed that light restriction significantly decreased body weight but significantly improved feed conversion. Additionally, shank length was significantly decreased by light restriction. Keel length and tibiotarsal weight and strength were not significantly affected by the light restriction treatment.
Technique Pair of node to provide Power in WSNs

The problem of exhaustion of the battery in the sensor node is one of the problems in traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and charging in a hibernate state, which occurs frequently to assume the traditional connection, which delays data collection. To solve this problem, we propose node pair technology to reduce unnecessary packets in the send of same data as the connection between the short distance sensor nodes is prevented to improve data collection efficiency, the node pair effectiveness ratings have been conducted by computer simulation.