Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Simulated Moving Bed Processes by Cyclic Modulation of the Feed Concentration

A new mode of operation for simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatographic processes is presented. While conventional SMB processes are operated with constant feed concentration, a modulation of the feed concentration during the switching cycles is introduced in the new mode of operation. Thereby the performance compared to the conventional SMB process is improved significantly. The productivity and the product concentration is increased. Simultaneously, the solvent consumption is decreased.
Effect of temperature programmes on protein crystallisation

Varying the temperature has been proven to be beneficial for improving the screening efficiency of protein crystallisation, and thus a crystallisation screening strategy based on this phenomenon can be developed. Such a temperature varying strategy can be applied in practical crystallisation screening, however, there are no guidelines for determining what temperature programme should be utilised. It is therefore necessary to investigate how the temperature programme affects the crystallisation process, so as to help people design a suitable temperature programme. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of temperature programmes on the protein crystallisation (lysozyme, proteinase K, and concanavalin A) that are characterised by different solubility behaviours with respect to temperature. Judging from the reproducibility studies of protein crystallisation with different temperature programmes, we recommend using linear temperature programmes for a moderate time period (24 to 48 h) and a large temperature range according to the properties of the proteins. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Highly monodisperse polymer-capped ZnO nanoparticles: Preparation and optical properties

We report the preparation of highly monodisperse ZnO nanoparticles using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as the capping molecules. The surface-modified ZnO nanoparticles were found to be remarkably stable. The optical absorption shows distinct excitonic features. Markedly enhanced near-band-edge ultraviolet photoluminescence and significantly reduced defect-related green emission were also observed. We attribute this observation to the nearly perfect surface passivation of the ZnO nanoparticles by the PVP molecules. The third-order nonlinear optical response of these PVP-capped ZnO nanoparticles in a dilute solution was found to be significantly larger (by at least two orders of magnitude) than that of the bulk ZnO.
Assembly of Microsized Colloidal Particles on Electrostatic Regions Patterned through Ion Beam Irradiation

The fabrication of microstructures with micrometer and submicrometer scale patterns is of importance in wide fields of applications, such as electronics, photonics, magnetics, microactuators, and biochemical devices. In this paper, a novel assembly method of particles based on electrostatic force is proposed and subjected to examination. A positively electrified and stable pattern was formed on an insulating substrate by drawing with a focused ion beam. The substrate was immersed in a suspension in which microsized particles were dispersed in a nonpolar solvent. The particles were selectively deposited on the electrified pattern and were fixed on the substrate by heating. The developed method based on an electrophotographic technique enables fabricating microstructures assembled with micrometer particles.
AFM Characterization of Ta‐based Diffusion Barriers for Use in Future Semiconductor Metallization

In this paper the investigation of r.f. -sputter-deposited Ta, Ta-N and Ta-N-O thin films is presented. Using atomic force microscopy in combination with sheet resistance measurements, Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, the thin film properties and microstructure are examined. Two crystalline modifications of Ta (tetragonal β-Ta and bcc α-Ta) are reported. By incorporation of nitrogen and/or oxygen into the Ta films, nanocrystalline and quasi-amorphous structures can be achieved. Finally, the usefulness of the films as diffusion barriers in Cu-based metallization systems is described.
Magnetic Properties of Sr-M Ferrite Fine Particles

Single phase Sr-M ferrite fine particles were prepared by the chemical coprecipitation and subsequent heat-treatment methods. The chemical reagents used for an experiment are Fecl 3 . 6 H 2 O and Sr(NO 3 )2. A solution containing Fe 3+ and Sr 2+ in the molar ratio (Fe 3+ /Sr 2+ = n)7.0∼11.0 was poured into a solution of NaOH (pH = 10∼13). Aqueous suspensions containing the precipitated products were boiled for 2hs, and they were carefully washed, filtrated and dried at 80 °c for 8hs. The obtained fine particles were heated 800 to 1100 °C for 2hs in air to get single phase Sr-M ferrite fine particles. The optimum preparing condition of single phase Sr-M ferrite fine particles are as follows: reagents: FeCl 3 . 6H 2 O and Sr(NO 3 ) 2 : the molar ratio: Fe 3+ /Si 2+ = 8; pH = 13; the heat-treatment condition: 900 °C x 2hs in air. The magnetic and physical properties are σ s = 87.0 x 10 -6 Wb.m/kg (69.2 emu/g). H cj = 501.3 kA/m (6.3 kOe), H Aave = 945.4 kA/m (11.9 kOe), Tc = 462 °C. the lattice constants a = 5.882 x 10 -10 mm, c = 23.05 x 10 -10 m. c/a=3.919, the activation energy = 182.0 kJ/mol (43.5 kcal/mol and the average particle size = 0.2 μm.
The Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of a Solid Oxide Steam Electrolyser: A Model‐Based Study

To support the development of hydrogen production by high temperature electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), the effects of operating conditions on the performance of the SOECs were investigated using a one‐dimensional model of a cathode‐supported planar SOEC stack. Among all the operating parameters, temperature is the most influential factor on the performance of an SOEC, in terms of both cell voltage and operation mode (i.e. endothermic, thermoneutral and exothermic). Current density is another influential factor, in terms of both cell voltage and operation mode. For the conditions used in this study it is recommended that the SOEC be operated at 1,073 K and with an average current density of 10,000 A m–2, as this results in the stack operating at almost constant temperature along the cell length. Both the steam molar fraction at the inlet and the steam utilisation factor have little influence on the cell voltage of the SOEC but their influence on the temperature distribution cannot be neglected. Changes in the operating parameters of the SOEC can result in a transition between endothermic and exothermic operation modes, calling for careful temperature control. The introduction of air into the anode stream appears to be a promising approach to ensure small temperature variations along the cell.
Potential for denitrification in sequencing batch constructed wetlands cultivated with T. latifolia and C. zizanioides

AbstractDenitrification and uptake by plants in constructed wetlands (CWs) were studied. Nitrate was applied in CWs operated in batch mode. The systems received 50 g m−3 –, and among six units, three received ethanol as carbon source. The experiment consisted of two main stages, with each one cycle time (tc) of 3 and 1 d. In an extra stage, the decay values of water variables were assessed. The range of nitrate-nitrogen removal (stage I) was 11.7–54.8% for CWs without ethanol and 98.0–99.9% for CWs receiving the external carbon source. During stage II, –removals were 3.6–15.7% for CWs without ethanol and 94.7–97.5% for CWs with ethanol addition. CWs were effective for removing nitrate, especially the planted systems. CWs cultivated with vetiver showed the best results in nitrogen removal. The addition of ethanol increased the denitrification efficiency, but increasing nitrite concentrations in the CWs should also be considered.
Forensic Analysis of Two Contrasting Satellite Rainfall Products for Detection of the July 2002 Flooding in South-Central Texas

This study is a forensic investigation of how two well-known satellite rainfall products, available at native scales that are much coarser than that ideally needed for detecting heavy rainfall-induced localized flooding, might have performed for July 2002 flooding in south-central Texas. These two products are: 1) the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) rainfall product available at 1° and daily resolution; and 2) the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) product 3B42RT available at 0.25 degree and 3 hourly resolution. Both products are considered sufficiently coarse for the flooding that evolved in the typically Hortonian (infiltration-excess) catchments of south-central Texas. An error assessment was performed on these rainfall datasets based on ground validation (GV) data. Compared with the hydrographs of gauge points located within the flooding region, both satellite rainfall products showed promise in detecting the rising and receding trends of the flood events. However, compared with flood inundation maps from Dartmouth Flood Observatory, 3B42RT showed higher agreement in matching with flow accumulation pattern at the subgrid scale. This study shows that merged satellite precipitation products that are emerging today from the constellation of low-earth orbit passive microwave sensors have adequate information content at the native scale for application in providing guidance on localized flooding over ungauged basins.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Peptides in Implicit Water: Ab Initio Folding of β-Hairpin, β-Sheet, and ββα-motif

In this communication, we have demonstrated that molecular dynamics simulations using a GB implicit solvation model with the all-atom based force field (CHARMM19) can describe the spontaneous folding of small peptides in aqueous solution. The native structures of peptides with various structural motifs (β-hairpin, β-sheet, and ββα-moiety) were successfully predicted within reasonable time scales by MD simulations at moderately elevated temperatures. It is expected that the present simulations provide further insight into mechanism/pathways of the peptide folding.
Multiphase approximation for small‐angle scattering

The two-phase approximation in small-angle scattering is well known and is still the dominant approach to data analysis. The intensity scattered at small angles is proportional to the second power of the difference between the scattering densities of the two phases. Nevertheless, scattering contrast variation techniques are widely used, and they are obviously suitable for multiphase systems or systems with gradually varying scattering density, since if no parasitic scattering contributions are present the scattering contrast variation would only change a proportionality coefficient. It is shown here that the scattered intensity at small angles of a multiphase system can be represented as a sum of the scattering of two-phase systems and terms describing interference between all pairs of phases. Extracting two-phase scattering patterns from multiphase samples by contrast variation is possible. These two-phase patterns can be treated with the usual small-angle scattering formalism. The case of gradually varying scattering density is also discussed.
GaAs substrate cleaning for epitaxy using a remotely generated atomic hydrogen beam

In situ GaAs surface cleaning prior to molecular beam epitaxy using a combined thermal/H‐atom treatment, the H‐atom flux being derived from a rf (13.56 MHz) plasma discharge, hydrogen free‐radical source, has been compared and contrasted to conventional thermal treatment of GaAs surfaces. Surface quality, i.e, morphology, was monitored in situ in real time using conventional reflection high‐energy electron diffraction and a diffuse optical reflectivity technique employed simultaneously. GaAs surfaces were found to clean readily at temperatures below 400 °C using the combined thermal/H‐atom treatment as opposed to the conventional thermal treatment, which requires temperatures in the vicinity of 600 °C. The atomically clean GaAs surfaces were also found to be specular when prepared using the combined thermal/H‐ atom treatment in contrast to conventional thermally treated GaAs surfaces, which are considerably rough on the atomic scale, surface roughening in the conventional case being associated with the ox.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND MINERALIZATION OF NITROGEN IN THREE SOILS AS INDUCED BY FREEZING AND DRYING

Rapid freezing and short-term drying effected marked changes in the biological activity of a Calcareous Black and a Brown Forest soil and only minor changes in a Solodized Solonetz soil which had a lower organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Freezing increased the initial rate of organic matter decomposition but further studies, with the Brown Forest soil only, showed that freezing did not affect the total amount decomposed over an extended incubation period; drying, however, increased the total amount decomposed throughout the incubation period. Freezing all soils decreased the number of viable fungi, whereas drying had no marked effect on the number of either fungi or bacteria. Freezing markedly increased the mineralization of nitrogen in the two higher organic matter soils whereas short-time drying did not. The influence of freezing on mineralization was reflected by a greater uptake of nitrogen by millet in one of the soils.
Generation of nanostructured CuO by electrochemical method and its Zn–Ni–CuO composite thin films for corrosion protection

Nanocrystalline copper oxide (CuO) powder of varying sizes (22, 25, 28 and 36 nm) have been successfully synthesized by hybrid electrochemical method using aqueous sodium nitrate electrolyte with Cu electrodes under galvanostatic mode at room temperature. The as‐synthesized CuO sample was calcined for an hour at temperatures ranging from 60 to 900 °C. The crystallite size, morphology, and chemical state of the synthesized powders were characterized by powder XRD, XPS, SEM/EDAX, TEM, and UV–Vis spectral methods. The effect of calcination temperature on crystallite size and morphology was studied. The TEM result revealed that, the particles are hexagonal and the sizes are in 30–50 nm in diameter and 120–200 nm in length. The band gap values are 5.60 and 5.54 eV. The crystallite size increased with increase of calcination temperature. The CuO nanopowder is used to fabricate Zn–Ni–CuO composite thin films and its corrosion behaviour was analysed by Tafel extrapolation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the Zn–Ni–CuO composite thin films provided good corrosion protection.
Spatial distributions and saturation number densities of lead nuclei deposited on vitreous carbon electrodes

The nucleation of lead onto vitreous carbon electrodes has been investigated. Diffusion-controlled growth of nuclei inhibits nucleation, giving rise to saturation with nuclei and introducing correlations in their location on the electrode surface. Similar nuclear number densities were obtained from direct, microscopic observation of the surface and from analysis of potentiostatic current transients considering the development of nucleation exclusion zones around already established nuclei. At low overpotentials nuclei were found to be uniformly distributed on the surface, whereas at high overpotentials the results were found to be consistent with simulations of the process that allowed for the existence of exclusion zones around nuclei, with radii proportional to the square root of their age.
Chlamydia trachomatis Infection on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease at 12-months in the Presence and Absence of Chlamydia Testing and Treatment: Systematic Review and Retrospective Cohort

Blanchard, J., Westh, H. , on behalf of the Danish Chlamydia Study, & Ward, H. (2017). Comparison of the Population Excess Fraction of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease at 12-months in the Presence and Absence of Chlamydia Testing and Treatment: Systematic Review and Retrospective Cohort Analysis. PLoS ONE, 12(2), [e0171551]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0171551
The Rapid Formation of La(OH)3 from La2O3 Powders on Exposureto Water Vapor

The reactivity of various lanthana powders in air was studied. The materials rapidly hydroxylate to form a stable hydroxide, La(OH)3, at room temperature. Smaller amounts of an oxycarbonate species (La2O2CO3) are also observed following air exposure. This oxycarbonate phase is stable to hydroxylation. All oxide materials synthesized here show rapid reactions so that 24 h of exposure to atmosphere is generally sufficient to cause complete hydroxylation at room temperature. The rate of reaction was related to the crystallite size as determined by XRD. The reaction was found to follow a two-stage kinetic process, a relatively slow surface reaction followed by a rapid bulk reaction. The relevance of the reactivity of these powders is discussed.
Secretome Analysis of Palmitic Acid-Induced 3T3-L1 Adipocyte: A Focus on Time-Regulated Release

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased dramatically within the last 20 years and the major cause was identified as insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of proteins secreted from palmitic acid induced adipocytes as compared to those from the control by using the proteomics technique. The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were induced with 1 mM palmitic acid for 0 (control), 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min. The secreted proteins were analyzed by GeLC-MS/MS. The raw MS/MS data were quantified using DecyderMS and identified by Mascot software. The 236 proteins secreted from palmitic acid-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed significant differences from those of the control (p < 0.05). These proteins are known to be involved in various processes, including cell differentiation, cell adhesion and cell division, cytoskeleton arrangement, DNA replication and repair, immune response, insulin metabolism, metabolic processes, cellular respiration, signal transduction, stress response, transcription, translation and transport. Analysis of the protein expression using MEV software demonstrated that the expression of 23 proteins tend to increase with increasing incubation periods. These 23 proteins may play important roles in type 2 diabetes, therefore, they are possible candidates for biomarkers of insulin resistance, which can help prevent the development of diabetes in the future.
Budidaya tanaman krisan

Krisan bisa dikenal dengan sebutan bunga aster atau seruni merupakan tanaman yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan secara komersial.Prospek pasar bunga krisan sangat cerah , dimana permintaan bunga krisan di Indonesia setiap tahun cenderung meningkat.Dengan pengembangan tanaman krisan diharapkan berdampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah yang lebih baik.
Characterization of a multimode sample introduction system (MSIS) for multielement analysis of trace elements in high alloy steels and nickel alloys using axially viewed hydride generation ICP-AES

A commercial multimode sample introduction system (MSIS) was characterized for simultaneous multielement hydride and nonhydride-forming elements (As, Bi, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, V, W) in high alloy steels and nickel alloys by axially viewed ICP-AES. Vapor formed by the NaBH4 reaction and aerosol from a specially designed dual conical spray chamber and pneumatic nebulizer were injected simultaneously into a robust plasma. Spectroscopic effects caused by major and minor elements and nonspectroscopic interferences induced by matrix concomitants were evaluated both for conventional nebulization and for hydride generation. The objective of the study was to establish optimized operating conditions whereby both nonhydride and hydride forming elements could be determined simultaneously. It was observed that the sensitivities of the ‘hydride generating’ elements using a MSIS, were similar to those observed using conventional hydride generation. In comparison to conventional pneumatic nebulization, hydride LODs, were enhanced significantly by factors varying from about 2–20. Limits of detection using the MSIS, for nonhydride elements (Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ti, V, W) were similar to those reported for the conventional sample introduction system. Several fundamental parameters such as Mg II 280.270/Mg I 285.213 nm ratios, excitation temperature (Tex) and the effect of hydrogen were also determined. The effect of hydrogen, formed during hydride generation, on intensities of nonhydride and hydride forming elements and excitation temperature was evaluated. This is important because hydrogen can modify the properties of the ICP. The effect of variable concentrations of tartaric acid, L-cystein, EDTA, and 1,1,3,3-tetramethy-2-thiourea as retarding agents for reducing deleterious effects of Ni was investigated. The accuracy of the procedure was verified by analyzing several certified reference metallurgical samples. An important conclusion of this multielement study is that the application of the MSIS for simultaneous determination of hydride forming and non-hydride forming elements in complex metallurgical samples by ICP-AES is constrained by matrix derived spectral line interferences.
Modifiability Analysis at Architecture Level through Scenario Elicitation (MAASE)

---------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------- Abstract:- It is evident from the studies that majority of the total lifecycle cost is consumed by system evolution. Organizations are now concentrating on reducing the modifiability during the system development itself. In the process of achieving this, software architecture plays vital role at each level of modifiability analysis. Researchers have proposed many methods that helps to assess software architecture with respect to various quality attributes. Research has also been carried out to identify the rigidness at the software architecture level. As user scenarios and experience of the user are basic characteristics of architecture understanding and analysis, the proposed research paper emphasized the elicitation and evaluation of scenarios while analyzing the modifiability at architecture level. A generalized framework of Online Banking Application (OBA) has been taken with most frequently used scenarios as case study to illustrate the architecture centric modifiability model.
Thinning out clusters while conserving stoichiometry of labeling

Here we present a method for the stoichiometric analysis of molecular aggregates in the cellular plasma membrane, based on single molecule fluorescence microscopy. We use selective photobleaching to erase all active fluorophores within a small region of the membrane, while conserving the stoichiometry of labeling in the remaining part of the membrane. At the onset of repopulation due to Brownian motion, single diffraction limited spots of individual aggregates can be resolved and quantified. We demonstrate the proof of principle of this method by quantifying the dye load of fluorescently labeled immunoglobulins diffusing in a supported lipid bilayer.
Thick film urea sensor based on nanostructured zinc oxide

Flower-like structures of ZnO was synthesised by solution method using zinc acetate dihydrate and sodium hydroxide. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.4M and 0.8M) was used as a structure directing agent. Structural morphology significantly changed with precursor concentration from a flower-like structure to sea-urchin like structure. Thick films of this powder were prepared on Al-sheet, by conventional doctor blade method using organic additives and used for urea sensing. Urease was attached with zinc oxide (by soaking in urease solution containing 100 units for three hours). In general, film conductivity increases after urease immobilisation. Urease immobilised films were found sensitive to urea concentration from 1 mM to 100 mM. Flowery structure resulted in higher urea sensitivity. The sensor responses are reproducible, reliable, reversible and selective, with a response time of 6S.