Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional loading in vehicle routing problem with release and due dates

In this paper, we study a two-dimensional vehicle loading and routing problem, in which customer orders with deadlines become available for dispatch as per their release dates. The objective is to minimize the sum of transportation, inventory, and tardiness costs, while respecting various loading and routing constraints. This scenario allows us to study various tradeoffs that tend to arise due to temporal order aggregation across release dates. We thereby propose an integrated mathematical formulation to simultaneously model both the routing and loading requirements of the problem at hand. Specifically, as the problem is NP-hard, we propose a scatter search based heuristic approach to solve large-size instances. Further, its performance is enhanced using problem-specific procedures and strategic oscillation approaches. Additionally, the numerical experiments illustrate the influence of cost structures on both the optimal loading configurations along with the optimal routes. Importantly, our experiments also suggest that the proposed scatter search method can produce good quality solutions in less time.
Protecting Distance of Scattering between DC Transmission Line and Receiving Station of AM

In the construction of UHVDC power line in China, the national standard of reradiation interference protecting distance between UHVDC power line and receiving station of AM broadcasting needs to be renewed. In this paper, the wire-surface simulation model is used to calculate the interference. In the model, steel tower is represented as surface model, ground wire is represented as wire model, and the whole model is excitated by vertical polarization plane wave. For the deficiency of traditional solution method of protecting distance calculation, a new method is proposed. It is recommended that the whole work frequency band of receiving station should be calculated to determine the space interval which has actual protecting distance. Then the interval is gradually narrowed with dichotomy method until the interval size is within allowable value. With the first-grade receiving station of AM broadcasting as example, the reradiation interference protecting distance from UHVDC power line and station is calculated.
New Topology Optimization Method for Wing Leading-Edge Ribs

For searching the stiffness structure under the constraints of givenmaterial volume fraction, the subset simulationbased topology optimization method is established on the combination of the advanced sensitivity filtering technique with the subset simulation, an efficient reliability analysis method. The subset simulation-based topology optimization is convergent, checkerboard free, and mesh independent. After one example is used to testify these advantages of the establishedmethod, the optimal design of the leading-edge rib of an aircraft wing is searched by the subset simulation-based topology optimizationmethod, and the results demonstrate that the establishedmethod is an effective and rational tool for the topology optimization of the continuum structure.
Resistance of polyurethane sealants to hot water

The resistance of polyurethane sealants to immersion in hot water is an important consideration for durability and performance. The effects of some chemical compositions in the improvement of the resistance to hot water immersion are tested and evaluated. Polyurethane sealants made from a hydrophobic polyol are shown to exhibit more persistent hotwater resistance than those made from the commonly used polypropylene glycol diol (PPG). The compromises between adhesion, cohesion, water swelling and thermal oxidation for different formulations are discussed. La résistance des produits d'étanchéité à base de polyuréthanne à l'immersion dans l'eau chaude est un facteur important à prendre en considération en matière de durabilité et de performances. Les effets de quelques compositions chimiques sur l'amélioration de la résistance à l'immersion dans l'eau chaude sont testés et évalués. Les produits d'étanchéité à base de polyuréthanne fabriqués à partir de polyol hydrophobe offrent une meilleure résistance à l'eau chaude que les produits à base de polypropylène glycol diol (PPG) couramment utilisés. L'auteur examine les compromis entre l'adhérence, la cohésion, le gonflement à l'eau et l'oxydation thermique pour différentes compositions.
Time domain analysis of the physical wiring for a star-like topology in high-speed controller area networks

The high-speed controller area network protocol supports a linear wiring topology. However, owing to productivity and cost concerns, actual networks in automotive applications may be configured in a star-like topology using joint connectors, with multiple stubs diverging from one point on the main bus; this type of configuration may lead to increased signal reflection and requires careful design of the physical wiring. In this study, the time response in a star-like joint-connector-based controller area network bus topology is analysed, and design guidelines for the physical wiring are presented. The effects of the number of stubs connected to a joint connector on the signal transmission are described and evaluated through experiments. Then, the time response through a joint connector with a diverse number of stubs is estimated, which gives a timing reference for designing the physical wiring in a star-like bus topology. Additionally, the effects of reflection between adjacent joint connectors are analysed together with the distance between joint connectors to ensure that no propagation delay degradation occurs.
Rashba effect resonant tunneling spin filters

We propose an InAs/GaSb/AlSb-based asymmetric resonant interband tunneling diode (a-RITD) as a spin filter. The device exploits the Rashba effect to achieve spin polarization under zero magnetic field using nonmagnetic III-V semiconductor heterostructures. We discuss the basic principles of the interband tunneling spin filter, and present modeling results that demonstrate its advantage. We also propose an implementation procedure for realizing device structure.
User Preference-Based Demand Response for Smart Home Energy Management Using Multiobjective Reinforcement Learning

A well-designed demand response (DR) program is essential in smart home to optimize energy usage according to user preferences. In this study, we proposed a multiobjective reinforcement learning (MORL) algorithm to design a DR program. The proposed approach improved conventional algorithms by mitigating the effect of the change in user preferences and addressed the uncertainty induced by future price and renewable energy generation. Because two Q-tables were used, the proposed algorithm simultaneously considers electricity cost and user dissatisfaction; when user preference changes, the proposed MORL algorithm uses the previous experience to customize appliances’ scheduling and swiftly achieve the best objective value. The generalizability of the proposed algorithm is high. Therefore, the algorithm can be implemented in a smart home equipped with an energy storage system, renewable energy source, and various types of appliances such as inflexible, time-flexible, and power-flexible ones. Numerical analysis using real-world data revealed that in case of price and renewable uncertainty, the proposed approach can deliver excellent performance after a change of user preference; it achieved 8.44% cost reduction as compared with mixed-integer nonlinear programming based DR while increasing the dissatisfaction level only by 1.37% on average.
The Use of Tranexamic Acid in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review

Background: There are several papers that investigate the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLR) or other arthroscopic procedures that show favorable results and little to no complications. We aimed to perform a systematic review of all published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that wanted to determine the effectiveness of intravenous use of TXA in ACLR. Methods: Data collection was performed independently by two authors via a previously created spreadsheet. They extracted information such as: first author name, publication year, lot size, TXA protocol, surgical protocol, outcome measures and follow-up duration. Results: After applying the screening process and the inclusion criteria, we were left with a total six RCTs. The selected studies included a total of 699 randomized patients. Statistical significance regarding a lower pain score (VAS) in the intervention groups was mostly reported for the early postoperative period (2 weeks). A statistically significant decrease in hemarthrosis grade was reported for the first 2–3 weeks. Conclusions: in our study, we show that TXA use in arthroscopic ACLR decreases postoperative blood loss and pain. Some evidence of improvement in functional scores was observed, but we believe that this needs to be addressed in specific long-term result studies.
The LAI Coupling Associated with the M6 Luxian Earthquake in China on 16 September 2021

Periodic signals replaced noise that was found in continuous seismic data, particularly in the nighttime, from the broadband seismometer at the MVP-LAI (monitoring vibrations and perturbations in the lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere) system before the occurrence of the Luxian earthquake on 16 September 2021. A short distance of ~150 km between the MVP-LAI system and the epicenter of the Luxian earthquake suggests the periodic singles as promising seismo-phenomena, due to that the radius of the earthquake preparation zone is ~380 km for an M6 event. Integration of geophysical parameters, including atmospheric pressure, vertical electric field, radon concentration, groundwater level and precipitation, at the MVP-LAI system provides an excellent opportunity for studying the seismo-LAI coupling associated with the Luxian earthquake. Analytical results show that ground vibrations, atmospheric pressure and total electron content varied from ~10−3 to ~10−2 Hz before the Luxian earthquake. The seismo-LAI coupling in the relatively low frequency band (~10−3 Hz) can be referred to as the acoustic-gravity waves triggered by the amplified ground vibrations. In contrast, the seismo-LAI coupling in a relatively high frequency band (~10−2 Hz) would be caused by micro-cracks and/or the high-mode natural frequency that further drives changes of TEC due to the atmospheric resonance.
Insights into the Neutralization and DNA Binding of Toxin–Antitoxin System ParESO-CopASO by Structure-Function Studies

ParESO-CopASO is a new type II toxin–antitoxin (TA) system in prophage CP4So that plays an essential role in circular CP4So maintenance after the excision in Shewanella oneidensis. The toxin ParESO severely inhibits cell growth, while CopASO functions as an antitoxin to neutralize ParESO toxicity through direct interactions. However, the molecular mechanism of the neutralization and autoregulation of the TA operon transcription remains elusive. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of a ParESO-CopASO complex that adopted an open V-shaped heterotetramer with the organization of ParESO-(CopASO)2-ParESO. The structure showed that upon ParESO binding, the intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain of CopASO was induced to fold into a partially ordered conformation that bound into a positively charged and hydrophobic groove of ParESO. Thermodynamics analysis showed the DNA-binding affinity of CopASO was remarkably higher than that of the purified TA complex, accompanied by the enthalpy change reversion from an exothermic reaction to an endothermic reaction. These results suggested ParESO acts as a de-repressor of the TA operon transcription at the toxin:antitoxin level of 1:1. Site-directed mutagenesis of ParESO identified His91 as the essential residue for its toxicity by cell toxicity assays. Our structure-function studies therefore elucidated the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the ParESO-CopASO pair, and may help to understand the regulation of CP4So maintenance in S. oneidensis.
Diagnostics, measurement and control of electrical parameters supercapacitors

This article considers possible approaches to diagnostics and measurement electrical parameters of supercapacitors. The analysis the results of diagnostics and measurement the parameters of supercapacitors has determined a significant frequency dependence of theirs. The discrepancy between the two-element equivalent circuit of supercapacitors has been established. Diagnostics and control electrical parameters of supercapacitors in the infralow frequency range can be performed by direct conversion methods. In this case, high-precision low-resistance resistors can be used as an exemplary measure. For the diagnostics and design of meters for the electrical parameters of supercapacitors of capacitors, the authors propose an iterative-recursive method for determining the numerical values of the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit of such objects. The essence of the proposed iterative-recursive method is that at the first stage, the iterative approximation determines the number of n-absorption links, which it is enough to know when developing, manufacturing and operating supercapacitors. Theoretical and experimental studies of the equivalent circuit of supercapacitors show that the equivalent resistance of such capacitors and their capacitance increase with decreasing frequency of the measuring signal, and the nature of these dependences is determined by the number of n-absorption links and the numerical values of the elements of each link.
Time-Aware Cross-Platform IoT Service Recommendation with Privacy Preservation

IoT service recommendation techniques can help a user select appropriate IoT services efficiently. Aiming at improving the recommendation efficiency and preserving the data privacy, the locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) technique is adopted in service recommendation. However, existing LSH-based service recommendation methods ignore the intrinsic temporal feature of IoT services. In light of this challenge, we integrate the temporal feature into the conventional LSH-based method and present a time-aware approach with the capability of privacy preservation for IoT service recommendation across multiple platforms. Experiments on a real-world dataset are conducted to validate the advantage of our proposed approach in terms of accuracy and efficiency in recommendation.
Marx‐based pulse generator with high‐voltage gain

In this paper, a new configuration of Marx generator with high‐voltage (HV) gain is presented for electroporation applications. Each module consists of one switch, one capacitor, and two diodes. The capacitors are charged in parallel with the input inductor and the input DC voltage source simultaneously; eventually, the charged capacitors are connected in series, and the HV output pulses are generated. The load is connected differently at the output stage, and there is not any switch at the output stage to generate the HV pulses. The majority of Marx generators suffer from the high number of modules to reach the desired pulse peak voltage. Due to the high‐voltage gain of the proposed topology, fewer modules are needed to achieve the desired HV pulse peak voltage. Mathematical analysis is presented along with a full design of the system components. Soft switching reduces the switching power loss in this converter, which is presented in detail. A comparative study is carried out to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed structure. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed concept.
The impact of 5G technology in power systems

With the development of fifth-generation wireless communication, 5G has attracted more and more attention. 5G is an essential link for the power system in developing the future smart grid, whether in terms of various advantages of 5G or low delay internet of things (IoT) based on 5G support. 5G will show its benefits more comprehensively in the smart grid. The current power system incorporated with 5G will be more reliable, secure, flexible and durable. This paper briefly discusses the contribution of the IoT to the development of power systems from generation, transmission line and distribution side, and users perspectives. This paper provides an analysis of the role of 5G in the growth of IoT technology and smart grid. Huge amounts of data will be generated due to the introduction of renewable energy, deployment of smart grids and improvements in electricity markets. Therefore, applying the IoT to the power system is crucial to connect the IoT to consumers, things to things, and people to people in the power system. However, 5G also faces some challenges during deployment. Finally, this paper outlines the role, impact and challenges of 5G in the power system.
Domestication is not an ancient moment of selection for prosociality: Insights from dogs and modern humans

Domestication is often portrayed as a long-past event, at times even in archaeological literature. The term domestication is also now applied to other processes, including human evolution. In such contexts, domestication means selection for friendliness or prosociality and the bodily results of such selective choices. Both such perspectives are misleading. Using dogs and modern humans as entry points, this paper explores why conceiving of domestication as a threshold event consisting of selection for prosociality is both incomplete and inaccurate. Domestication is an ongoing process, not a moment or an achievement. Selection in breeding, including for prosociality, is a part of many domestication histories, but it alone does not sustain this process over multiple generations. Further, much selection in domestication has little to do with human intention. Care, taming, commensalism, material things, and places are critical in carrying domestic relationships forward.
Achieving the Sum Rate Capacity of MIMO Downlink Communications With Better Fairness

Transmission schemes taking both sum rate and fairness into account for dirty paper coding (DPC) based MIMO downlink communications are investigated in this paper. In contrast to existing works which have mostly focused on maximizing the sum rate, we first investigate the problem of finding the maximal sum rate achieved by DPC when the qualitative notions of fairness such as max-min fairness and proportional fairness are employed. This corresponds to a nonconvex problem and cannot be solved by usual weighted sum rate techniques. Several efficient methods for finding the optimal solutions are presented in this paper when the order of users is adjustable during DPC encoding. Simulation results show surprisingly and impact greatly on the design of practical systems that it is often possible to achieve the sum rate capacity with absolute fairness, i.e., an equal rate for each user, when multiple encoding orders of users are used during transmission. When sum rate capacity and absolute fairness cannot be achieved at the same time, the optimal tradeoff between sum rate and fairness is also provided for a general class of quantitative fairness measures.
Fourth-Order Contour Mode ZnO-on-SOI Disk Resonators for Mass Sensing Applications

Abstract: In this work, we have investigated the design, fabrication and testing of ZnO-on-SOI fourth-order contour mode disk resonators for mass sensing applications. This study aims to unveil the possibili ty for real-time practical mass sensing applications by using high-Q ZnO-on-SOI contour-mode resonators while taking into account their unique modal characteristics. Through focused ion beam (FIB) direct-write metal deposition techniques, the effects of localized mass loading on the surface of three extensional mode devices have been investigated. Ten microfabricated 40 μm-radius disk resonators, which all have a 20 μm-thick silicon device layer and 1 μm-thick ZnO transducer layer but varied anchor widths and numbers, have exhibited resonant fr equencies ranging from 84.9 MHz to 86.7 MHz with Q factors exceeding 6000 (in air) and 10,000 (in vacuum), respectively. It has been found that the added mass at the nodal locations leads to noticeable Q-factor degradation along with lower induced frequency drift, thereby resulting in reduced mass sensitivity. All three measured devices have shown a mass sensitivity of ~1.17 Hz·fg
Dynamical sliding mode control approach for vertical flight regulation in helicopters

A dynamical multivariable discontinuous feedback control strategy of the sliding mode type is proposed for the altitude stabilisation of a nonlinear helicopter model in vertical flight. While retaining the basic robustness features associated with sliding mode control policies, the proposed approach also results in smoothed out (i.e. nonchattering) input trajectories and controlled state variable responses.
Industrial and Critical Infrastructure Security: Technical Analysis of Real-Life Security Incidents

Critical infrastructures and industrial organizations aggressively move towards integrating elements of modern Information Technology (IT) into their monolithic Operational Technology (OT) architectures. Yet, as OT systems progressively become more and more interconnected, they silently have turned into alluring targets for diverse groups of adversaries. Meanwhile, the inherent complexity of these systems, along with their advanced-in-age nature, prevents defenders from fully applying contemporary security controls in a timely manner. Forsooth, the combination of these hindering factors has led to some of the most severe cybersecurity incidents of the past years. This work contributes a full-fledged and up-to-date survey of the most prominent threats and attacks against Industrial Control Systems and critical infrastructures, along with the communication protocols and devices adopted in these environments. Our study highlights that threats against critical infrastructure follow an upward spiral due to the mushrooming of commodity tools and techniques that can facilitate either the early or late stages of attacks. Furthermore, our survey exposes that existing vulnerabilities in the design and implementation of several of the OT-specific network protocols and devices may easily grant adversaries the ability to decisively impact physical processes. We provide a categorization of such threats and the corresponding vulnerabilities based on various criteria. As far as we are aware, this is the first time an exhaustive and detailed survey of this kind is attempted.
Maximum Torque per Ampere Control of Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor: An Experimental Study

In recent times, permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motors (PMaSRM) have been considered as suitable traction motors for electric vehicle applications. In this type of machine, where the share of reluctance torque is more significant than the excitation torque, it is more appropriate to use a control strategy that can fully utilize the reluctance torque. This paper deals with a new structure of permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motors that was designed and manufactured in a previous study. This paper suggests applying, in a first study, a constant parameter maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) strategy to make a contribution towards the control of such structure that is becoming increasingly attractive in the field of electric transportation. This method is usually used to control interior permanent magnet synchronous motors to minimize the copper losses of the system. Before implementing and simulating this method, the mathematical models of the suggested motor and the inverter are given. An experimental study is conducted on a small-scale 1 kW prototype PMaSRM using a MicrolabBox Dspace to test and examine the proposed control. Simulation and experimental results are presented in this article in order to verify the validity of the developed control strategy.