Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doped colloidal ZnO nanocrystals

Colloidal ZnO nanocrystals are promising for a wide range of applications due to the combination of unique multifunctional nature and remarkable solution processability. Doping is an effective approach of enhancing the properties of colloidal ZnO nanocrystals in well-controlled manners. In this paper, we analyzed two synthetic strategies for the doped colloidal ZnO nanocrystals, emphasizing our understanding on the critical factors associated with the high temperature and nonaqueous approach. Latest advances of three topics, bandgap engineering, n-type doping, and dilute magnetic semiconductors related to doped ZnO nanocrystals were discussed to reveal the effects of dopants on the properties of the nanocrystalline materials.
Teacher Education in Finland : Knowledge Building in the Chemistry and Physics Teacher Education Programme at Helsinki University

Teacher education in Finland is described and analysed. The main organising theme of the teacher education programmes is a research-based approach, which aims at supporting student teachers in constructing a solid knowledge base and the potential to apply such knowledge in their work. Furthermore, all student teachers are to gain a competence for continuous professional development, e.g., consuming theoretical educational knowledge in their work. As an example, the pedagogical studies of pre-service chemistry and physics teachers are analysed from the viewpoint of knowledge building. The theoretical framework of this analysis is based on two facets related to teacher knowledge: the domains and the origin of teacher knowledge. The division of teacher knowledge domains into three main categories, content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge, is based on the work of Shulman. An additional view: the teacher as a consumer and producer of educational research is added to the model. Based on the analysis, the research-based teacher education programme provides both contents and activities that support the formation of the different knowledge fields needed for acting as a teacher. The research approach and reflective activities seem especially to play a special role in the programme.
Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles of Peking and Muscovy Duck Meat

The amino acid and fatty acid profiles of the breasts and thighs of Peking and Muscovy ducks were analyzed in this study. Amino acid profiles were performed in duplicate and fatty acid profiles were performed in triplicate. The chemical score, amino acid score and essential amino acid index were calculated from the amino acid profiles, whereas the SFA, MUFA, PUFA, ω3, ω6 and ω6:ω3 ratio were calculated from the fatty acid profiles. In general lysine and methionine were the highest EAA found in Pecking and Muscovy ducks, whereas their methionine contents were relatively higher than in other poultry meat. Muscovy meat possesses a higher (p 0.05) in the EAA index was observed between different body parts and different species. The concentration of the fatty acid C18:1ω9 was the highest observed in both Peking and Muscovy duck species. The SFA of Muscovy breast was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of Peking breast. The MUFA of Muscovy was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of Peking duck, both in breast and thigh cuts; moreover, the MUFA of Muscovy thigh was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to that of Muscovy breast. The PUFA of Muscovy breast was significantly lower than that of Peking breast. Both Peking and Muscovy ducks meats show high protein quality and are good sources of fatty acids for human consumption.
Characterization and stability of localized bulging/necking in inflated membrane tubes

We consider localised bulging/necking in an inflated hyperelastic membrane tube with closed ends. We first show that the initiation pressure for the onset of localised bulging is simply the limiting pressure in uniform inflation when the axial force is held fixed. We then demonstrate analytically how, as inflation continues, the initial bulge grows continually in diameter until it reaches a critical size and then propagates in both directions. The bulging solution before propagation starts is of the solitary-wave type, whereas the propagating bulging solution is of the kink-wave type. The stability, with respect to axially symmetric perturbations, of both the solitary-wave type and the kinkwave type solutions is studied by computing the Evans function using the compound matrix method. It is found that when the inflation is pressure-controlled, the Evans function has a single non-negative real root and this root tends to zero only when the initiation pressure or the propagation pressure is approached. Thus, the kink-wave type solution is probably stable but the solitary-wave type solution is definitely
Some Problems Related to Mathematical Modelling of Mass Transfer Exemplified of Convection Drying of Biological Materials

Drying is a widely used industrial process, consuming 7-15% of total industrial energy production in the industrialized world (Dincer & Dost, 1996). Drying is one of the most common and the oldest ways of biological materials preservation such as vegetables and fruits. The main objective in drying biological materials is the removal of water in the solids up to a certain level, at which microbial spoilage and deterioration chemical reactions are greatly minimalized. The most important aspect of drying technology is the mathematical modelling of the drying processes and the equipment. Its purpose is to allow design engineers to choose the most suitable operating conditions and then size the drying equipment and drying chamber accordingly to meet desired operating conditions. Full-scale experimentation for different products and systems configurations is sometimes costly or even not possible (Sacilik et al., 2006). Convection drying of biological products is a complex process that involves heat and mass transfer phenomena between the airflow and the product. Mathematical modelling of the drying process of vegetables, fruits and grass is especially difficult because of high initial moisture content (80-95% w.b.) and occurrence of shrinkage during drying. The course and time of drying process depend on drying conditions, on temperature and moisture profiles developed during the drying process, and above all, on moisture movement in the material. Moisture movement is governed by the properties, form and size of the product and the type of moisture bond in the material (Sander et al., 2003). The major factors affecting the moisture transport during solids drying can be classified as: i. external factors: these are the factors related to the properties of the surrounding air such as temperature, pressure, humidity, velocity and area of the exposed surface, ii. internal factors: these are the parameters related to the properties of the material such as moisture diffusivity, moisture transfer coefficient, water activity, structure and composition, etc. (Dincer & Hussain, 2004). The development of mathematical models to describe the drying process has been the topic of many research studies for several decades (Sander et al., 2003). Presently, more and more sophisticated drying models are becoming available, but a major question that still remains is the accuracy of predictions of drying processes using mathematical models. It is highly
The Canoe Ridge Natural Gas Storage Project

In 1999 the Pacific Gas and Electric Gas Transmission Northwest (GTN) drilled a borehole to investigate the feasibility of developing a natural gas-storage facility in a structural dome formed in Columbia River basalts in the Columbia Basin of south-central Washington State. The proposed aquifer storage facility will be an unconventional one where natural gas will be initially injected (and later retrieved) in one or multiple previous horizons (interflow zones) that are confined between deep (>700 meters) basalt flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group. This report summarizes the results of joint investigations on that feasibility study by GTN and the US Department of Energy.
Evaluation for Integrity of Extracted RNA by Reference Material of RNA

Physiological information that identified from RNA expression level in tissues or organs give us benefit in clinical diagnostics. After extracting RNA from blood, tissue, or organs, diagnostics were carried out by using technique for semi-quantitative estimation of specific mRNA, such as real-time PCR or DNA microarrays. Validation of RNA quality need to quantitative estimation of gene expression at the moment of sampling, because using degraded RNA will lead to incorrect results. In this study, we conducted a series of experiment to evaluate RNA integrity using the reference materials of RNA length of 1000 base pairs (refRNA1000), and compared with RIN. There are significant correlation between RIN and the amount of refRNA1000, in varying state of degradation. There are also significant correlations between the amount of refRNA1000 and endogenous gene such as Actb and Rps18 in varying state of degradation in our study. The amount of endogenous gene reflects the extent of degradation more directly than that of RIN. To monitor the extent of degradation from the experimental starting point, we may refer the reference materials of refRNA1000. Not only for clinical diagnosis, but scientists always require the validity of experimental procedure, one of the candidate methods is using reference materials of RNA such as refRNA1000
Intestinal microbiota mining: a Th17/Treg cell perspective

The intestinal microbiota, which consists of a diverse community of gut-resident microbes, tightly coevolves with the mammalian immune system. Even at birth, the microbes inhabited in gut have begun to shape the development of immune system. In turn, the innate and adaptive immune responses constantly and dynamically maintain the intestinal homeostasis by keeping these resident microbes in their proper position. Mining the complex relationships between the intestinal microbiota and the host immunity will benefit to understanding of the mucosal immune system orchestration and developing of novel diagnostic/therapeutic approaches for treating intestinal inflammatory disorders such as infectious diseases in human. In recent years, new technologies, e.g., next-generation sequencing, gnotobiotic animal models, improved- anaerobic culture of bacteria, etc., have been developed and applied to the area of microbiota research. With the advantage of these technologies, we now achieve more in-depth understanding of the interplay between the mucosal immune system and the commensals, especially, of the induction of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells by different bacteria in human gut. In this review, I will highlight recent progresses, which are largely promoted by the technological advances, on how gut microbiota instructs the Th17/Treg cells development in the intestine.
The Role of School Principal Leadership in Implementation of Eco School Program as the Effort to Support Sustainable Development

Eco School is a program which aimed to create school members who are responsible in the effort to protect and manage school environment through good school governance to support sustainable development. School principal as leader in school should be able to play active and maximal role in the effort to create Eco School. This study is aimed to find out the role of school principal leadership in implementation of Eco School Program as the effort to support sustainable development. This study used qualitative approach and case study method. Data collection was done in 10 schools in Banda Aceh, Indonesia by involving 10 school principals as respondents. Result of study showed that school principal leadership has very vital role in school success in achieving the aim of Eco School Program. The result of study showed that school principal’s care and commitment to environmental problems has big role toward development and implementation of environmental school policy. Based on this, as initial step to achieve the aim of Eco School Program then school principals should care and have high commitment toward environmental problems and they should become motivator and role model for all school members in order to have eco-friendly attitude and behavior. Keyword–School principal leadership, Eco School, Sustainable development.
Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm for Continuous Space Optimization Based on Multiple Chains Encoding Method of Quantum Bits

This study proposes a novel quantum evolutionary algorithm called four-chain quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (FCQIEA) based on the four gene chains encoding method. In FCQIEA, a chromosome comprises four gene chains to expand the search space effectively and promote the evolutionary rate. Different parameters, including rotational angle and mutation probability, have been analyzed for better optimization. Performance comparison with other quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithms (QIEAs), evolutionary algorithms, and different chains of QIEA demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of FCQIEA.
Grazing effects on spring ecosystem vegetation of California's hardwood rangelands.

Three watersheds at the University of California's Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center (SFREC), Marysville, Calif. were selected to study cattle grazing effects on the vegeta - tion surrounding cold-water springs and their downslope creeks. Three spring-creek systems from each of 3 watersheds were ran- domly assigned to grazing treatments (9 total). Treatments were ungrazed, lightly grazed (1,500 kgha -1 residual dry matter), and moderately grazed (1,000 kgha -1 residual dry matter) based on degree of use in upland pastures encircling the spring-creek sys - tems. Total herbaceous cover at springs varied significantly among the 6 years only once (greater in 1994 than all others) covarying with previous year's rainfall. Grazing intensity did not affect total herbaceous cover at springs. A year X grazing treat - ment interaction (P<0.05) was detected for total herbaceous cover at spring-fed creeks. Three years after grazing removal, total herbaceous cover on ungrazed creek plots surpassed cover at moderately grazed and lightly grazed plots. Moderately grazed plot herbaceous cover declined steadily throughout the first 3 years, while lightly grazed cover remained relatively sta - ble. Plant community composition and stability by year and graz - ing treatment were analyzed with TWINSPAN. With few excep- tions, stable plant communities persisted on sites regardless of grazing intensity or cover changes. Total herbaceous cover was sensitive to interannual fluctuations, especially under increased grazing intensities. This attribute renders cover a more useful gauge of ecosystem health than plant composition as the latter may not provide evidence of potentially deleterious grazing X cli - mate interactions until after soil erosion or water table charac- teristics are seriously, perhaps permanently, altered.
Acquiring R&D within the healthcare industry

This paper examines the effect of M&A on R&D intensity within the healthcare industry. The healthcare industry as defined in this paper consists of two industry segments; the pharmaceutical industry and the medical device industry that are both examined separately but with the same methodology using inverse propensity score weighting and weighted least squares. There is some trouble with the covariate balancing meaning that one should be cautious with over interpreting the results. I find that the effect on R&D intensity from acquisitions is insignificant but that cross border acquisitions appear to have a more positive impact on R&D than domestic acquisitions. I also find that there is some evidence of medical device manufacturers opting to acquire technology rather than developing in-house. No evidence that multi-acquirers behave differently from other acquirers is found.
Numerical simulations of stellar jets and comparison between synthetic and observed maps: clues to the launch mechanism

High angular resolution spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) provide rich morphological and kinematical information about the stellar jet phenomenon, which allows us to test theoretical models efficiently. In this work, numerical simulations of stellar jets in the propagation region are executed with the PLUTO code, by adopting inflow conditions that arise from former numerical simulations of magnetized outflows, accelerated by the disk-wind mechanism in the launching region. By matching the two regions, information about the magneto-centrifugal accelerating mechanism underlying a given astrophysical object can be extrapolated by comparing synthetic and observed position-velocity diagrams (PVDs). We show that quite different jets, like those from the young T Tauri stars DG-Tau and RW-Aur, may originate from the same disk-wind model for different configurations of the magnetic field at the disk surface. This result supports the idea that all the observed jets may be generated by the same mechanism.
Opinion Mining and Review Spam Detection: Issues and Challenges

— Public opinions and experience are valuable information in decision making process. Opinions may be sensitive since they may reflect one’s perspective, understanding, particular feelings, way of life, and desires. Several websites encourage users to express and exchange their views, suggestions and opinions related to product, services, polices, etc. With the development of internet, people are more likely to express their views and opinions on e-Commerce sites, forums and blogs and are able to interact intensively with the internet. Product reviews composed collaboratively by many independent internet reviewers can help consumers make purchase decisions and enable enterprises to improve their business strategies. As the number of reviews is increasing exponentially, opinion mining and retrieval techniques are needed to identify important reviews and opinions to answer users queries. Most opinion mining and retrieval approaches try to extract sentimental or bipolar expressions from a large volume of reviews. It is well-known that many online reviews are not written by genuine users of products, but by spammers who write fake reviews to promote or demote some target products. Therefore, this paper presents a review of literatures that discusses about essentials of spam and review spam and brief conceptualization of opinion review mining from data mining perspective. The study finally discusses the application areas, research challenges and research scope explored from the open issues in this area.
Total energy control system for helicopter flight/propulsion integrated controller design

potential energies as control indices. This paper documents the first known application of a total energy control system design for helicopter control. Energy change rate and energy distribution rate are manipulated to provide automatic tracking of desired altitude, velocity, and flight-path-angle profiles for a Westland Lynx helicopter. A linearized helicopter dynamic model is obtained in the total energy control system framework, and control laws are synthesized using H1 control theory and the method of linear matrix inequalities. Numerical simulation is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed total energy control system helicopter flight control laws. The total energy control system reduces engine fuel consumption by alleviating unnecessary fluctuations in energy change and distribution rates when tracking flight path and propulsion commands.
A Stillinger-Weber Potential for InGaN

Reducing defects in InGaN films deposited on GaN substrates has been critical to fill the “green” gap for solid-state lighting applications. To enable researchers to use molecular dynamics vapor deposition simulations to explores ways to reduce defects in InGaN films, we have developed and characterized a Stillinger-Weber potential for InGaN. We show that this potential reproduces the experimental atomic volume, cohesive energy, and bulk modulus of the equilibrium wurtzite / zinc-blende phases of both InN and GaN. Most importantly, the potential captures the stability of the correct phase of InGaN compounds against a variety of other elemental, alloy, and compound configurations. This is validated by the potential’s ability to predict crystalline growth of stoichiometric wurtzite and zinc-blende InxGa1-xN compounds during vapor deposition simulations where adatoms are randomly injected to the growth surface.
Design optimization of ironless multi-stage axial-flux permanent magnet generators for offshore wind turbines

ABSTRACT Direct-driven ironless-stator machines have been reported to have low requirements on the strength of the supporting structures. This feature is attractive for offshore wind turbines, where lightweight generators are preferred. However, to produce sufficient torque, ironless generators are normally designed with large diameters, which can be a challenge to the machine’s structural reliability. The ironless multi-stage axial-flux permanent magnet generator (MS-AFPMG) has the advantages of ironless machines but a relatively small diameter. The objective of this article is to present the design optimization and performance investigation of the ironless MS-AFPMG. An existing design strategy, which employs two- and three-dimensional static finite element analyses and genetic algorithm for machine optimization, is improved with the aim of reducing the calculation load and calculation time. This improved design strategy is used to investigate the optimal ironless MS-AFPMG. Some intrinsic features of this kind of machine are revealed.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY ENERGY LEVELS ON MILK PRODUCTION IN LACTATING NILI -RAVI BUFFALOES

ABSTRACT Multiparous lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n= 27) were selected and randomly divided into three groups with nineanimals in each under a completely randomized design. Three diets were formulated, being iso-nitrogenous but havingvarying energy levels, viz; E-100 (Control), E-80 and E-120; E reflecting energy followed by percentage energy inrelation to NRC recommended levels for lactating cows. Milk yield did not differ between diets E-100 and E-120(10.63±0.165 and 10.87±0.124 kg/day, respectively) but was lower (P 0.05) among the dietary treatments.However, feed efficiency in terms of fat corrected milk (FCM) per unit /DMI was lower (P<0.05) in animals fed diet E-80 (0.89 ± 0.019) than those on the other two treatments. Likewise, cost of feed per kg FCM was higher (P<0.05) in thisgroup (17.85 ± 0.28 PK-Rs). It was concluded that feeding lactating Nili- Ravi buffaloes a diet containing more ( i.e.,120 %) than the NRC level of ME recommended for large breed dairy cows conferred no advantage whilst feeding a dietcontaining less than the recommended level decreased both milk production and feed efficiency.Key words: Dietary energy, lactation performance, Nili-Ravi. Buffalo.