Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dermatological Autoimmune Considerations of Immune Checkpoint Therapy

The most common immune-related adverse events (irAEs) involve the skin, and several serve as predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, especially in melanoma. Patients with pre-existing skin autoimmune diseases (ADs) have been excluded from ICI studies for safety concerns, yet recent research has shown that dermatological ADs can be managed without discontinuing ICI therapy. Patients with ADs respond as well or better to ICIs and can be included as candidates in clinical trials. Frequently taken during ICI therapy, steroids impair immunotherapy efficacy in certain anatomical sites of tumors but not others, including the brain. ICI efficacy can be enhanced by radiotherapy without increasing adverse events, as neoadjuvant radiotherapy is thought to sensitize tumors to ICIs. This perspective highlights clinical autoimmune considerations of ICI therapy in melanoma and discusses important areas for future exploration.
Machinability analysis and multi-response optimization using NGSA-II algorithm for particle reinforced aluminum based metal matrix composites

In this study the effects of reinforcement particle size and cutting parameters on machining performance variables like cutting force, maximum tool-chip interface temperature and surface roughness of the machined surface have been investigated while machining Aluminum based metal matrix composites (MMCs). MMC bars with silicon carbide reinforcement having 10 % volume fraction and particle sizes of 5 μm, 10 μm and 15 μm are machined with polycrystalline diamond (PCD) inserts. Experiments are performed using central composite design (CCD) having four parameters with three levels. Response surfaces for each performance variables are generated using polynomial models. Single variable and interaction effects have been investigated using principal component analysis and 3D response charts. Multi-response optimization has been performed to minimize surface roughness and maximum tool-chip interface temperature using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). In addition, constraints have been applied to the optimization search to filter design points with high cutting forces and low material removal rate. Most of the optimal solutions are found to be with moderate cutting speeds, low feed rate and low depth of cuts.
New Thiazole Acetic Acid Derivatives: A Study to Screen Cardiovascular Activity Using Isolated Rat Hearts and Blood Vessels

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of mortalities worldwide. In the present research, new synthetic derivatives of thiazole were studied using isolated hearts and blood vessels of rats. The heart and thoracic aorta were tested with six new synthesized thiazole acetic acid derivatives (SMVA-10, SMVA-35, SMVA-40, SMVA-41, SMVA-42 and SMVA-60), and the data obtained were statistically analyzed and compared. Isolated rat hearts were used to record the changes in developed tension and heart rate, while thoracic aortas were used to measure the contractile response, before and after treatments. Analysis of the results indicated a significant (p < 0.01) increase in developed tension with the addition of SMVA-35, SMVA-40, SMVA-41 and SMVA-42, which was augmented in the presence of adrenaline without affecting the heart rate. On the other hand, acetylcholine significantly decreased the developed tension, which was significantly reversed (p < 0.01) in the presence of compounds (SMVA-35 and SMVA-60). However, in the presence of SMVA-35 and SMVA-40, acetylcholine-induced bradycardia was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced. Furthermore, only SMVA-42 induced a dose-dependent contractile response in the isolated blood vessel, which was abolished in the presence of prazosin. Therefore, it can be concluded that some of the new synthesized thiazole derivatives exhibited promising results by raising the developed tension without changing the heart rate or blood vessel function, which could be helpful in failing heart conditions. However, more research is required to fully comprehend the function, mechanism and effectiveness of the compounds.
Human to Robot Hand Motion Mapping Methods: Review and Classification

In this article, the variety of approaches proposed in the literature to address the problem of mapping human to robot hand motions are summarized and discussed. We particularly attempt to organize under macrocategories the great quantity of presented methods that are often difficult to be seen from a general point of view due to different fields of application, specific use of algorithms, terminology, and declared goals of the mappings. First, a brief historical overview is reported, in order to provide a look on the emergence of the human to robot hand mapping problem as a both conceptual and analytical challenge that is still open nowadays. Thereafter, the survey mainly focuses on a classification of modern mapping methods under the following six categories: direct joint, direct Cartesian, task-oriented, dimensionality reduction based, pose recognition based, and hybrid mappings. For each of these categories, the general view that associates the related reported studies is provided, and representative references are highlighted. Finally, a concluding discussion along with the authors' point of view regarding future desirable trends are reported.
Adaptive impulsive security consensus control of uncertain multi‐agent systems with randomly occurring nonlinearities

In practice, deception attacks, uncertainties, and randomly occurring nonlinearities (RONs) in multi‐agent systems (MASs) are ubiquitous. Consequently, this paper settles the problem of secure consensus tracking control for uncertain MASs with randomly occurring nonlinearities under sensor attacks by adopting adaptive impulsive control methods. Compared with the previous works, a class of state‐dependent sensor attack is firstly considered in the impulsive control. Meanwhile, a novel adaptive algorithm is introduced to deal with unknown system matrices, randomly occurring nonlinearities and uncertain parameters caused by sensor attacks. Sufficient conditions are derived to achieve leader‐following consensus for the MASs by adaptive impulsive control under sensor attacks. Lastly, two simulation examples illustrate the validity of theorems in this paper.
Evaluation of a model beech forest growing on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand.

Amatrix model representing beech forest on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand was evaluated. The model was widely distributed and had been used to "attest " that a proposed low-impact harvesting scheme was unsustainable. The evaluation showed that while the mathematics of the model were acceptable, the model's software encouraged a naive user to adopt unrealistic assumptions and to project effects of harvesting over periods of centuries. The matrix model, while adequate for initial planning, was unsuitable for such long projections, and a spatially explicit, individual-tree modelling approach was suggested as an alternative that would suit adaptive management.
Multi-bump solutions in dynamic neural fields: analysis and applications

The work described here has the goal of providing new mathematical results about the formation of spatio-temporal patterns in dynamic neural fields (DNFs) that can be applied and tested in the domains of cognitive modelling and cognitive robotics. Specifically, the conditions for the existence and stability of multiple localized excitations in one-dimensional fields with external input were analysed. These multi-bump solutions represent the core of an original dynamic field model of fast sequence learning that was developed and subsequently tested in a real-world robotics experiment. While the existence and the stability of different types of patterns in DNFs have been addressed in many theoretical studies in the past, little attention has been paid thus far on the initial and input conditions that guarantee the evolution of these patterns. Following Laing et al. (2002), we apply a connectivity function with oscillatory rather than monotonic decay to study analytically and numerically the formation of multiple regions of excitation when several localized inputs are applied simultaneously or sequentially to the field. For the existence and stability proofs, we extend the ideas of Amari’s original work on pattern formation in fields with connectivity functions of lateral inhibition type. Based on the mathematical results, a novel model of multi-item memory of sequential events is proposed that exploits the processing mechanism of self-sustained activity in recurrently connected neural populations modelled by DNFs. A threshold accommodation dynamics is applied to establish a stable multi-bump solution with a gradient of excitation that represents in its relative activation strengths the temporal order and the relative timing of sequence elements. In line with findings in neurophysiological studies with monkeys, this memory representation pre-activates to varying degrees corresponding neural populations in a decision field. The competitive dynam-
Signaling interactions among neurons impact cell fitness and death in Alzheimer’s disease

The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease involves a long preclinical period, where the characteristic clinical symptoms of the changes in the brain are undetectable. During the preclinical period, homeostatic mechanisms may help prevent widespread cell death. Evidence has pointed towards selective cell death of diseased neurons playing a potentially protective role. As the disease progresses, dysregulation of signaling pathways that govern cell death contributes to neurodegeneration. Aberrant activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway has been established in human and animal models of Alzheimer’s disease caused by amyloid-beta 42- or tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Clonal mosaic studies in Drosophila that examine amyloid-beta 42 in a subset of neurons suggest complex interplay between amyloid-beta 42-expressing and wild-type cells. This review examines the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in the context of cell competition and short-range signaling interactions between amyloid-beta 42-expressing and wild-type neurons. Cell competition is a conserved phenomenon regulating tissue integrity by assessing the fitness of cells relative to their neighbors and eliminating suboptimal cells. Somatic clones of amyloid-beta 42 that juxtapose genetically distinct neuronal cell populations show promise for studying neurodegeneration. Generating genetic mosaics with labeled clones of amyloid-beta 42- or tau-expressing and wild-type neurons will allow us to understand how short-range signaling alterations trigger cell death in neurons and thereby contribute to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. These approaches have the potential to uncover biomarkers for early Alzheimer’s disease detection and new therapeutic targets for intervention.
A Formalism for Primitive Logic and Mechanical Proof-Checking

The universal character of the primitive logic LO in the sense that popular logics such as the lower classical predicate logic LK, the intuitionistic predicate logic LJ, Johansson’s minimal predicate logic LM, etc. can be faithfully interpreted in LO is very remarkable even from the view point of mechanical proof-checking. Since LO is very simple, deductions in LO could be mechanized in a simple form if a suitable formalism for LO is found out. Main purpose of this paper is to introduce a practical formalism for LO, practical in the sense that it is suitable at least for mechanical proof-checking business.
Uji Tingkat Penerimaan Masyarakat terhadap Teknologi GAMA Rain Filter dengan Metode “UTAUT” dan Perbandingan Kualitas Air Hujan dengan Air Sumur Penduduk

Latar Belakang: Kebutuhan air bersih di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) meningkat disebabkan peningkatan jumlah penduduk. Pemerintah DIY membantu penduduk sebanyak 59 instalasi pemanen air hujan GAMA RainfilterTujuan: Mengetahui faktor dominan pada penerimaan masyarakat (Behavioral Intention) terhadap bantuan alat GAMA Rainfilter dan menganalisis kualitas air hujan pada GAMA Rainfilter dibanding dengan air sumur penduduk.Metode: Penelitian crossectional dilakukan pada 59 intalasi GAMA Rainfilter dan masyarakat pengguna. Evaluasi tingkat penerimaan masyarakat terhadap GAMA Rainfilter menggunakan Model Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) yang terdiri dari (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, dan atau Facilitating Condition). Kualitas air hujan yang diuji di Laboratorium BTKLPP, Yogyakarta, dibandingkan dengan kualitas air sumur dari data DLHK Yogyakarta.Hasil: Effort Expectancy (kemudahan membuat, memasang, mengoperasikan, dan memelihara) berpengaruh mederat-dominan terhadap Behavior Intension (p = 0,005), sedangkan Performance Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Conditions tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Kualitas fisik, kimia, dan biologi air hujan secara umum pada 5 kabupaten di Provinsi DIY lebih baik dibanding air sumur.Kesimpulan: Instalasi GAMA Rainfilter dapat diterima masyarakat karena faktor Effort Expectancy dan air hujan mempunyai kualitas fisika, kimia dan biologi lebih baik dari air sumur. Air hujan dapat dipakai sebagai alternatif air bersih dan air minum yang secara berkelanjutan dapat meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat.
Insight on Efficacy of Renal Artery Denervation for Refractory Hypertension with Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Long-Term Follow-Up of 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure

Aims To explore the long-term efficacy and safety of renal denervation in patients with RHT and CKD, a post hoc analysis of eGFR subgroups was completed. Methods Fifty-four patients with refractory hypertension with chronic kidney disease were treated with RDN and enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into three groups according to eGFR: eGFR 46–90 ml/min group, eGFR 15–45 ml/min group, and eGFR <15 ml/min group. The planned follow-up period was 48 months to assess 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, renal function, type of antihypertensive medication, and RDN complications. Results The ablation sites of the GFR 46–90 ml/min group and GFR 15–45 ml/min group were 32.57 ± 2.99 and 29.53 ± 5.47, respectively. No complications occurred in the GFR 46–90 ml/min group. The GFR<15 ml/min group was treated with 27.07 ± 5.59 ablation. Renal artery dissection occurred in each group of GFR 15–45 ml/min and GFR <15 ml/min. And renal stent implantation artery was performed on these two patients. No severe renal artery stenosis occurred. There were no significant differences in Scr and eGFR between the three groups at each follow-up point. Compared with baseline, SBP was significantly of each group decreased to varying degrees at each follow-up time point. SBP decreased most in the GFR 46–90 ml/min group. Compared with baseline, the type of antihypertensive drugs used in the GFR46-90 ml/min group decreased significantly except for 36 and 48 months. At 48 months' postadmission, there was a significant decrease in the type of antihypertensive medication used in the GFR15-45 ml/min group, and there was no significant decrease in the type of antihypertensive medication used in the GFR<15 ml/min group. Conclusions RDN can safely reduce SBP in CKD patients combined with RHT for 48 months, with the most pronounced reduction in the GFR15-45 ml/min group. The variety of antihypertensive drugs was significantly reduced after RDN. This was particularly evident in patients with GFR 15–45 ml/min.
Feshbach Resonances in Fermionic Lithium-6

Feshbach resonances in lithium-6 were experimentally studied and theoretically analyzed. In addition to two previously known s-wave resonances, we found three p-wave resonances. Four of these resonances are narrow and yield a precise value of the singlet scattering length, but do not allow us to accurately predict the location of the broad resonance near 83 mT. Its position was previously measured in a molecule-dissociation experiment for which we, here, discuss systematic shifts.
Evaluation of Soil and Water Conservation Function in Dingxi City, Upper Yellow River Basin

Dingxi City is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin, at the intersection between the Loess Plateau and West Qinling Mountains. The water and soil conservation function of Dingxi City is very important and have become key constraining factors for economic and social development. Due to the fragmented terrain and landscape patches, high spatial accuracy in the assessment of water and soil conservation is required for proper management. In this study, we introduced an index system for the evaluation of soil and water conservation functions, including various influencing factors. The results showed that area percentages of the five levels (lower, low, medium, high, and higher) in soil conservation were 6.24, 6.25, 23.49, 30.95, and 33.07, respectively, and the areas with higher soil conservation were mainly concentrated in the hilly and gully areas of the Loess Plateau with low vegetation coverage. The percentages of water conservation in the five levels (lower, low, medium, high, and higher) were 40.49, 21.78, 16.66, 7.9, and 13.11, respectively, and the areas with higher water conservation were concentrated in Min County and Zhang County, with the most abundant precipitation and highest vegetation coverage. In addition, functional areas of soil and water conservation had obvious spatial heterogeneity. Among them, the proportion of high-grade functional areas for soil conservation decreased with an increase in precipitation, whereas a high proportion of high-grade functional areas for water conservation was concentrated in areas with precipitation of more than 600 mm. The conflict between agricultural production and ecological protection of soil and water conservation is prominent, and areas with serious conflict are concentrated in the central and northern areas of Dingxi City. Based on this, we suggest a spatial layout guidance for agricultural production and ecological protection, providing a scientific basis for decision-making that supports ecological protection and high-quality sustainable development in Dingxi City.
Effects of the Phenethylamine 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA and the Synthetic Cathinone 3,4-MDPHP in Adolescent Rats: Focus on Sex Differences

The illicit drug market of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) is expanding, becoming an alarming threat due to increasing intoxication cases and insufficient (if any) knowledge of their effects. Phenethylamine 2-chloro-4,5-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (2-Cl-4,5-MDMA) and synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (3,4-MDPHP) are new, emerging NPSs suggested to be particularly dangerous. This study verified whether these two new drugs (i) possess abuse liability, (ii) alter plasma corticosterone levels, and (iii) interfere with dopaminergic transmission; male and female adolescent rats were included to evaluate potential sex differences in the drug-induced effects. Findings show that the two NPSs are not able to sustain reliable self-administration behavior in rats, with cumulatively earned injections of drugs being not significantly different from cumulatively earned injections of saline in control groups. Yet, at the end of the self-administration training, females (but not males) exhibited higher plasma corticosterone levels after chronic exposure to low levels of 3,4-MDPHP (but not of 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA). Finally, electrophysiological patch-clamp recordings in the rostral ventral tegmental area (rVTA) showed that both drugs are able to increase the firing rate of rVTA dopaminergic neurons in males but not in females, confirming the sex dimorphic effects of these two NPSs. Altogether, this study demonstrates that 3,4-MDPHP and 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA are unlikely to induce dependence in occasional users but can induce other effects at both central and peripheral levels that may significantly differ between males and females.
Integrating User Needs on Misclassification Error Sensitivity into Image Segmentation Quality Assessment

Abstract Commonly the assessment of the quality of image segmentations used in object-based land cover classification uses the geometric match between the derived segmentation and a reference dataset. This paper argues that a more appropriate assessment of a segmentation is to also consider the thematic content of the objects generated. This allows the assessment to be tailored to the needs of the specific user. A new method for image segmentation quality assessment is described, which combines a traditional geometric-only method with the thematic similarity index (TSI), a metric that expresses the degree of thematic quality of objects from a user’s perspective. The perspectives of two users (a wolf researcher and a general user of land cover information) were adopted in a case study to demonstrate the new method. The results show that the new method allowed the production of more accurate land cover classifications for the two users than the use of the geometric-only approach.
The Human Cytomegalovirus β2.7 Long Non-Coding RNA Prevents Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species to Maintain Viral Gene Silencing during Latency

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant source of disease for the immunosuppressed and immunonaive. The treatment of HCMV is made more problematic by viral latency, a lifecycle stage in which the virus reduces its own gene expression and produces no infectious virus. The most highly expressed viral gene during HCMV latency is the viral β2. 7 long non-coding RNA. Although we have recently shown that the β2. 7 lncRNA lowers levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during infection in monocytes, how this impacts latency is unclear. We now show that β2. 7 is important for establishing and maintaining HCMV latency by aiding the suppression of viral lytic gene expression and that this is directly related to its ability to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consistent with this, we also find that exogenous inducers of ROS cause reactivation of latent HCMV. These effects can be compensated by treatment with an antioxidant to lower ROS levels. Finally, we show that ROS-mediated reactivation is independent of myeloid differentiation, but instead relies on NF-κB activation. Altogether, these results reveal a novel factor that is central to the complex process that underpins HCMV latency. These findings may be of particular relevance in the transplant setting, in which transplanted tissue/organs are subject to very high ROS levels, and HCMV reactivation poses a significant threat.