Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomy of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia

Introduction: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies demonstrate grey matter volume (GMV) deﬁcits in schizophrenia. This method is also applied for detecting associations between speciﬁc psychotic symptoms and brain structure, such as auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). However, due to differing methodological approaches, the available ﬁndings are inconsistent and difﬁcult to integrate. Methods: Weusedanovelvoxel-basedmeta-analyticalmethodtoprovidearobustquantitative review of neuroanatomical abnormalities speciﬁcally associated with the hallucinatory phenomenon in the schizophrenic brain. We reviewed all VBM studies of AVHs in schizo-phreniapublisheduntilJuly2011( n ¼ 9). Atotalof438patientswithadiagnosisofschizophrenia were included (307 with AVHs). Usinga random-effectsparametric voxel-based meta-analysis, coordinates of 83 foci reported as signiﬁcant in the source studies were extracted and computed to estimate the brain locations most consistently associated with AVHs. Results: Severity of AVHs was signiﬁcantly associated with GMV reductions in the left ( p ¼ .022) and marginally with the right ( p ¼ .062) superior temporal gyri (STGs, including Heschl’s gyri) across studies examining correlations with AVHs severity in patients ( n ¼ 8). AnalysisofstudiescategoricallycomparingpatientswithandwithoutAVHsdidnotrevealany signiﬁcant ﬁndings, possibly due to the small number of studies using this approach ( n ¼ 3). Conclusions: This meta-analysis implicates bilateral STG (including Heschl’s gyri) as key areas of structural pathology in AVHs in schizophrenia. These ﬁndings support a model postulating that aberrations within neural systems involved at different levels of language processing are critical to AVHs in schizophrenia. ª
Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of heart failure

ABSTRACT Introduction: Heart failure (HF) has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Despite the availability of drugs that reduce mortality and afford good symptom relief, HF continues to exact a considerable clinical and economic burden. Current HF therapies elicit benefit by reducing cardiac workload by lowering heart rate and loading conditions, thereby reducing myocardial energy demands. Areas covered: Recent recognition that the failing heart is ‘energy deprived’ and its primary energy source, the mitochondria, is dysfunctional, has focused attention on mitochondria as a worthy therapeutic target. In HF, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and excessive formation of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS), a combination the failing heart can ill afford. Expert commentary: Correcting mitochondrial dysfunction can help forge a new therapeutic approach based on readily available energy that can meet increasing cardiac demands. This paradigm shift, once implemented successfully, is likely to elicit better overall cardiac function, better quality of life, and improved survival for patients with HF.
A Survey of Semi-Supervised Clustering Algorithms: from a priori scheme to interactive scheme and open issues

In the last 10 years, semi-supervised clustering (SSC) or clustering with side information has received significant attention from researchers because of its success in many applications like document, image clustering, etc. SSC has been shown to improve the clustering performance substantially with just few constraints or labelled data points as side information which are provided by an expert or an oracle system. Most works have been done so far can be classified into one of two SSC schemes: the a-prior scheme, and the interactive scheme. This survey will cover these two schemes together with the important algorithms in each scheme. Finally, the open issues will also be summarized in the survey.
LDT: Layered decision tree based on data clustering

Decision tree can be considered as one of the most widely used methods due to the acceptable accuracy and interpretable results. The main limitation of this method is uncontrolled growing of tree that leads to produce complex model and degrade comprehensibility. In this paper, we propose layered decision tree (LDT) approach based on data clustering. The proposed algorithm, initially cluster data and sort them with respect to their importance. Then, these data divided into groups that each of them used for construct one layer of tree. Finally, tree will be updated based on maximum depth of each layer. Practical results show that LDT outperform than popular methods, in the term of accuracy, processing time, and complexity.
Relationship between laminar topology and retinotopy in the rhesus lateral geniculate nucleus: Results from a functional atlas

The primary focus of this paper is the abrupt transition that occurs midway through the rhesus lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) from six layers posteriorly (conventionally numbered 1–6, ventral to dorsal) to four layers anteriorly. At this transition, layers 4 and 6 fuse into a single layer, as do layers 3 and 5, requiring an inversion of the stacking order of the cell categories making up layers 4 and 5. To understand the topology of this transition and its relationship to geniculate retinotopy, we have created a functional atlas of a rhesus LGN that affords three‐dimensional views of morphology and retinotopy at a resolution of 25 μm. The projection of the path of the transition into visual space is highly biased toward lower visual fields, intersecting the upper vertical meridian at 6.4°, the horizonal meridian at 15.4°, and the lower vertical meridian at 25.0°. Between inclinations of −31° and 55°, layers 3 and 5 merge through an elongated tear in layer 4 that subsumes the optic disk gap and extends medially and laterally; elsewhere, layers 4 and 6 merge through a tear in layer 5. These tears cause substantial violations of retinotopy and laminar integrity, so the inversion of layers 4 and 5 requires that the forces establishing retinotopy and grouping by cell class be locally overcome during morphogenesis. The transition and associated tears are evaluated in the context of recent computational models of geniculate morphogenesis. We have also used the atlas to estimate the borders of the binocular (55 ≈ 62°) and monocular (91 ≈ 97°) visual fields. Files containing the atlas are made publicly available on a website. J. Comp. Neurol. 407:92–102, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infants possess an abstract expectation of ingroup support

Significance We examined whether one mechanism contributing to ingroup favoritism might be an abstract and early-emerging sociomoral expectation of ingroup support. In violation-of-expectation experiments, 17-mo-old infants first watched third-party interactions among unfamiliar adults identified (using novel labels) as belonging to the same group, to different groups, or to unspecified groups. Next, one adult needed help, and another adult either did or did not provide it. Infants expected help to be provided when the two adults belonged to the same group, but held no expectation when the adults belonged to different groups or to unspecified groups. Infants thus already possess an abstract expectation of ingroup support, and this finding sheds light on one of the mechanisms underlying ingroup favoritism in human interactions. One pervasive facet of human interactions is the tendency to favor ingroups over outgroups. Remarkably, this tendency has been observed even when individuals are assigned to minimal groups based on arbitrary markers. Why is mere categorization into a minimal group sufficient to elicit some degree of ingroup favoritism? We consider several accounts that have been proposed in answer to this question and then test one particular account, which holds that ingroup favoritism reflects in part an abstract and early-emerging sociomoral expectation of ingroup support. In violation-of-expectation experiments with 17-mo-old infants, unfamiliar women were first identified (using novel labels) as belonging to the same group, to different groups, or to unspecified groups. Next, one woman needed instrumental assistance to achieve her goal, and another woman either provided the necessary assistance (help event) or chose not to do so (ignore event). When the two women belonged to the same group, infants looked significantly longer if shown the ignore as opposed to the help event; when the two women belonged to different groups or to unspecified groups, however, infants looked equally at the two events. Together, these results indicate that infants view helping as expected among individuals from the same group, but as optional otherwise. As such, the results demonstrate that from an early age, an abstract expectation of ingroup support contributes to ingroup favoritism in human interactions.
Multi-region relaxed magnetohydrodynamics with anisotropy and flow

We present an extension of the multi-region relaxed magnetohydrodynamics (MRxMHD) equilibrium model that includes pressure anisotropy and general plasma flows. This anisotropic extension to our previous isotropic model is motivated by Sun and Finn's model of relaxed anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic equilibria. We prove that as the number of plasma regions becomes infinite, our anisotropic extension of MRxMHD reduces to anisotropic ideal MHD with flow. The continuously nested flux surface limit of our MRxMHD model is the first variational principle for anisotropic plasma equilibria with general flow fields.
Serpin expression in the parasitic stages of Trichostrongylus vitrinus, an ovine intestinal nematode

Members of the genus Trichostrongylus, such as T. vitrinus, being endemic in Northern Europe, are among the principal causative nematodes which contribute to parasitic gastro-enteritis in sheep world-wide, inhabiting the proximal small intestine and causing damage to the mucosa. This results in impaired nutrient absorption as well as a pronounced inflammatory response with cellular infiltration of the mucosa, including a pronounced mast cell response. These mast cells release serine proteinases that enhance the passage of effector cells and macromolecules across epithelial boundaries and into direct contact with the invading parasite. The adult and larval stages of T. vitrinus release a number of serine proteinases in vitro that may contribute to tissue invasion and nutrient acquisition in vivo. This study describes the molecular cloning and characterization of a serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin)Sequence reported here is available with GenBank Accession number Y12233. that is present in extracts of all the parasitic stages, becoming more abundant as the life-cycle progresses. The serpin is present in the in vitro excretory/secretory products (ES) of 4th-stage larval and adult parasites, being more abundant in the former. The serpin was expressed in E. coli and the recombinant protein was a potent inhibitor of several host serine proteinases including mast cell proteinases. The serpin may regulate the activity of the parasite serine proteinases or it may modulate the host immune response to the parasite by inhibiting the activity of serine proteinases released from host inflammatory cells.
A role for Cdkl1 in the development of gastric cancer

Abstract Background. Cyclin-dependent kinase-like1 (CDKL1) is known as a new member of cyclin-dependent kinases. Whether genetic alterations of CDKL1 gene are involved in the development and/or progression of gastric cancer is still unknown. Material and methods. Here, the expression of CDKL1 protein in paired specimens of gastric cancer tissues and corresponding normal gastric tissue (n = 66) was assessed by immunohistochemistry assay. We then used lentivirus-mediated knock down to specifically inhibit CDKL1 expression in human gastric cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation potential in vitro was measured by MTT and clonogenic assays. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Results. We show for the first time that high expression of CDKL1 protein was observed in gastric cancer tissues compared with matched adjacent tissues. Loss of CDKL1 function in both SGC7901 and MGC-803 gastric cancer cells significantly decreases cellular proliferation and increases apoptosis (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we show that the reduction of CDKL1 with its siRNA stimulates the activation of Bcl-2-interacting killer (Bik) pro-apoptotic protein and attenuated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCNA. Conclusion. In summary, our data suggest that CDKL1 plays an important regulatory role in gastric cancer cell proliferation and survival, and therefore, may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention.
Cloud-based Enterprise Resources Planning System (ERP) - A Review of the Literature

Cloud computing recently attracted a lot of attentions. The growing number of articles on cloud is an indication of its importance. Cloud ERP is a specific service delivered by cloud model. It provides companies the benefits of all business management functionalities with minimum IT investment and low cost. Despite cloud ERP is being promoted as a new strategy to improve companiesâ? management and operations, no systematic research on cloud ERP has been published until now. The main objectives of this research are to review up-to-date publications on cloud ERP, to classify the publications based on a suitable classification of themes and to develop a conceptual framework for organizing its related knowledge. In this paper, 40 peer-reviewed journal and conference publications are analysed and classified into different themes. A concept framework is designed with four domains: Technology Innovation, Business Model, Development Method and Usage & Assimilation. This framework specifies the research gap between cloud ERP and business alignment. In the end, some research agendas are developed.
Complex cooperative robot actions based on recursive optimal motion composition

This work is concerned with complex cooperative robot actions by recursive optimal motion composition. According to the intelligent composite motion control (ICMC), a complex action is gradually realized from fundamental motions. It, is not easy to obtain the action intelligence of such a complex cooperation at once, hence in this work the intelligence is constructed through multi-stage action intelligence optimization. For optimization Multi-stage genetic algorithm, MGA, is used to repeatedly solve optimal motion composition problems. The cooperative action realization is a large-scale optimization problem with complicated constraints. The MGA solves it as combinatorial optimizations for the component motions with simple constraints, which are solved by GA to generate their suboptimal solution sets. The empirical knowledge obtained is effectively utilized to solve similar problems efficiently and moreover to compose more complex actions. The method is successfully applied to optimal realization of cooperative robot soccer actions.
Estimation of the Thermophysical Properties of the Soil by Inverse Problem, using Experimental Data during Liquid/Vapour Phase Change

In this work, we introduce a numerical strategy to estimate the thermophysical properties of the soil of a saturated porous medium where a phase change problem (liquid/vapour) appears due to intense heating from above. An inverse problem is used to estimate these properties knowing the experimental heating history curves at selected positions of the porous medium throughout the whole heating duration. We use the Apparent Heat Capacity Method (AHC) to deal with the phase change problem in which the phase change temperature interval plays an important role.
In vitro Tn7 mutagenesis of Haemophilus influenzae Rd and characterization of the role of atpA in transformation

Haemophilus influenzae Rd is a gram-negative bacterium capable of natural DNA transformation. The competent state occurs naturally in late exponential growth or can be induced by a nutritional downshift or by transient anaerobiosis. The genes cya, crp, topA, and sxy (tfoX) are known to function in the regulation of competence development. The phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system functions to maintain levels of cyclic AMP necessary for competence development but is not directly involved in regulation. The exact signal(s) for competence and the genes that mediate the signal(s) are still unknown. In an effort to find additional regulatory genes, H. influenzae Rd was mutated by using an in vitro Tn7 system and screened for mutants with a reduced ability to induce the competence-regulatory gene, comA. Insertions in atpA, a gene coding for the alpha subunit of the F1 cytoplasmic domain of the ATP synthase, reduce transformation frequencies about 20-fold and cause a significant reduction in expression of competence-regulatory genes, while the expression of constitutive competence genes is only minimally affected. In addition, we found that an insertion in atpB, which encodes the a subunit of the F0 membrane-spanning domain, has a similar effect on transformation frequencies.
VT Adjustment by Leff Engineering for LSTP Single Gate Work-function CMOS FinFET Technology

Engineering of the electrical channel length (Leff) is investigated as an alternative means for adjusting the threshold voltage (Vtau) in double-gate (DG) MOSFETs, to allow a single mid-gap work function gate material to be used with undoped CMOS channels. Device simulations for 18 nm gate length (LG) indicate that ITRS performance specifications for low standby power (LSTP) applications can be met with this approach. Different source/drain (S/D) doping profiles yielding the same Leff can be used to achieve the desired Vtau, allowing for flexibility in process design.
Maternal Autonomy and Child Health Care Utilization in India

The objective of this study was to examine the association of maternal autonomy with preventive and curative child health care utilization in India. Data from the National Family Health Survey 2005-2006 were used to ascertain association of maternal autonomy (in 3 dimensions: decision making, access to financial resources, freedom of movement) with child’s primary immunization status (indicative of preventive health care use) and treatment seeking for child’s acute respiratory infection (indicative of curative health care use). Low maternal freedom of movement was associated with higher odds of incomplete primary immunization of the child and for not seeking treatment for the child’s acute respiratory infection. Low maternal financial access was associated with increased odds for incomplete primary immunization of the child. The findings show that improvement in autonomy of Indian mothers, especially their freedom of movement, may help improve utilization of health care for their children.
Differential targeting of dense granule proteins in the parasitophorous vacuole of Toxoplasma gondii

The biosynthesis and fate of 4 different dense granule proteins of Toxoplasma gondii were studied with 3 monoclonal antibodies raised against tachyzoites and 1 polyclonal antibody raised against a recombinant protein. These proteins have the following molecular weights: 27 kDa (GRA 1), 28 kDa (GRA 2), 30 kDa (GRA 3) and 40 kDa (GRA 4). All four proteins were found in dense granules by immunoelectron microscopy; in T. gondii-infected cells, they were found in the vacuolar network but, in addition, GRA 3 was also detected on the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Therefore, dense granule contents undergo differential targeting when exocytosed in the parasitophorous vacuole. Metabolic labelling and immunoprecipitation showed that GRA 2 and GRA 3 were processed from lower molecular weight precursors, and that GRA 2 and GRA 4 incorporated [3H] glucosamine and are thus likely to be glycosylated.
Crystal structure of 5-chloro-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-methylsulfinyl-1-benzofuran

In the title compound, C15H10ClFO2S, the dihedral angle between the plane of the benzofuran ring system [r.m.s. deviation = 0.013 (1) Å] and that of the 3-fluorophenyl ring [r.m.s. deviation = 0.005 (1) Å] is 31.36 (5)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by two different pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers.
Cancer survivability prediction using random forest and rule induction algorithms

The second largest cause of death in Palestine is Cancer at a rate 12.4% of all deaths. Predicting the survivability of a disease is one of the most interesting purposes of developing a medical data mining applications. This paper applies two classification models (Rule Induction and Random Forest) on the Gaza Strip 2011 cancer patient's dataset, to predict the survivability of cancer patients. The experiments were conducted on the dataset using RapidMiner tool which is used to build the classification models and to measure the performance of them in terms of time consumption and model accuracy. We found that the two algorithms have a convergent accuracy while random forest was less time consuming than rule induction. The rule induction algorithm has the accuracy of 73.63% while Random Forest scores 74.6% accuracy.
Determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in low moisture, nonfatty products using a solid phase extraction cleanup and gas chromatography

Abstract A multiresidue solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method for the isolation and subsequent gas Chromatographie determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in low‐moisture, nonfatty products is described. Residues are extracted from samples with an acetonitrile/water mixture. Cleanup of the extract is performed using graphitized carbon black and anion exchange SPE columns, and analysis is performed by gas chromatography with Hall electrolytic conductivity and flame photometric detection. Recovery data was obtained by fortifying corn, oats and wheat with pesticides. The average recoveries were 79–123% for eight organochlorine and 51–122% for 28 organophosphorus pesticide residues. The limit of quantitation for chlorpyriphos was 0.05 ppm using the Hall electrolytic conductivity detector and <0.005 ppm using the flame photometric detector.
Multiple parallel concatenation of low-density parity-check codes based on BIBD

In this paper, we propose a low-complexity multiple-parallel-concatenated (MPC) coding scheme for magnetic recording systems, where a high-rate quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) code with column weight 2 based on the Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD) construction is used as the component code. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the error floor performance considerably as compared with previous MPC schemes with single-parity-check (MPCSPC) codes and performs comparably to structured LDPC codes over idealized partial-response channels.