Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signatures of murine B-cell development implicate Yy1 as a regulator of the germinal center-specific program

We utilized gene expression profiling of a comprehensive panel of purified developmentally defined normal murine B cells to identify unique transcriptional signatures for each subset. To elucidate transcription factor activities that function in a stage-specific fashion, we used gene sets that share transcription factor targets and found that germinal center B cells had a robust enrichment of up-regulated and down-regulated signatures compared with the other B-cell subsets. Notably, we found Yy1 and its targets to be central regulators of the germinal center B (GCB)-specific transcriptional program with binding of Yy1 to select signature genes in GCB cells, and translation of the Yy1 signatures to human GCB cells. We then tested whether our newly generated, stage-specific transcriptional signatures could be used to link murine lymphoma models to stages of normal B-cell development. Although each of the molecularly defined murine lymphoma models conserved certain stage-specific features of normal B-cell development, there was a significant alteration of the normal differentiation signature following malignant transformation. These findings offer important tools and insights for elucidating differences between normal and malignant B cells.
Gradient algorithm with perturbations for localization in WSNs

This paper investigates how to determine the nodes' locations in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with only distance measurements. We extend our formation algorithm given in [1] to this localization problem. This extension includes three terms: the estimation of initial position, time-varying step size and decaying coefficient. It is verified that excellent performance can be derived, and the global convergence is maintained under this new localization protocol. Since this protocol uses the neighbors' information without any global knowledge, it is a fully distributed algorithm. Extensive simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor drive in vessels with electric propulsion system

The concept of all-electric ship and of integrated power systems is being matured and developed in the navy forces throughout the world. Therefore, it is inevitable the use and development of multiphase electrical motors. Recently, British Navy has delivered its last “Daring” class destroyer with 15-phase electrical motor. The detailed mathematical model of five phase Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) is developed in this paper. This motor is the main electrical motor of a ship. The five phase model is developed using phase variable model which is then transformed into two fictitious orthogonal sets termed as dq and xy0. In addition, a speed-controlled PM synchronous motor drive, which allows the simulation of the navigation conditions of a small warship, is presented. The ship control system explores the strategies of the constant (δ = 90°) torque angle control and of the maximum torque per ampere. The PSCAD/EMTDC program is the one used in the implementation and simulation of the speed-controlled PM synchronous motor drive and the control strategies.
An Eigenvalue Test for spatial Principal Component

Background The spatial Principal Component Analysis (sPCA, Jombart 2008) is designed to investigate non-random spatial distributions of genetic variation. Unfortunately, the associated tests used for assessing the existence of spatial patterns (global and local test; Jombart et al. 2008) lack statistical power and may fail to reveal existing spatial patterns. Here, we present a non-parametric test for the significance of specific patterns recovered by sPCA. Results We compared the performance of this new test to the original global and local tests using datasets simulated under classical population genetic models. Results show that our test outperforms the original global and local tests, exhibiting improved statistical power while retaining similar, and reliable type I errors. Moreover, by allowing to test various sets of axes, it can be used to guide the selection of retained sPCA components. Conclusions As such, our test represents a valuable complement to the original analysis, and should prove useful for the investigation of spatial genetic patterns. Keywords; eigenvalues; sPCA; spatial genetic patterns; Monte-Carlo
Monoclonal cytokeratin antibodies that distinguish simple from stratified squamous epithelia: characterization on human tissues.

Four monoclonal antibodies designated CK1 ‐ CK4 were obtained from fusions of mouse myeloma F0 cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with cytoskeletal preparations made by treatment of human HeLa cells with non‐ionic detergents. These IgG1 type antibodies all recognize, in immune blots, cytokeratin 18 (45 kd, pI 5.7) in the catalogue of 19 human cytokeratin species developed by Moll et al. (1982). Immunofluorescence microscopy on human material shows that CK1 ‐ CK4 stain a wide variety of simple epithelia (e.g., intestine, respiratory and urinary systems, liver, glandular epithelia) but do not stain stratified squamous epithelia (e.g., oesophagus, epidermis) or non‐epithelial cells. The immunofluorescence results, developed mainly by gel electrophoresis, support the concept of cytokeratin divergence in different epithelia and clarify, for cytokeratin 18, some unsolved problems posed by high tissue complexity. CK2 appears specific for human, CK1 and CK3 for primates, while CK4 shows broad cross‐species reactivity. Thus, CK1 ‐ CK4 appear to be valuable tools for cytokeratin typing and initial experiments also suggest that they can be used to further subdivide human tumours of epithelial origin.
Researches on the Circulation Time in Organs and on the Influences which affect it

SOME time ago' I described a method of measuring the circulation time which I believe to have great advantages over the method of Hering in the cases to which it is suitable, and which I have found especially useful in studying the circulation in organs like the kidney, lungs, liver, intestines, etc. I wish here to give a preliminary account of some of the work I have done in this way during the past two years, without either quoting or discussing the results in detail, or making more than incidental references to the literature of the subject. The experimental arrangements will, however, be described with some minuteness. In future papers I hope to treat the matter more fully, with the aid of the considerable amount of material already in my possession and of that which I may be able further to accumulate. A discussion of the theory of the method, a critical estimate of its value, and an examination of possible objections to it will be attempted in one of these papers. The principle on which the method is based is as follows. Since the electrical conductivity of blood is practically that of a solution of the salts in it, it can readily be altered by the injection of a solution of common salt of sufficient strength. The alteration will travel on with the velocity of the blood stream, and the arrival of the altered blood at any point of the vascular system may be detected by an easy galvanometrical observation, without the necessity of opening the blood-vessel. If a pair of unpolarizable electrodes be put in contact with the vessel between which and the point of injection the circulation time is to be measured, and connected with the ordinary Wheatstone's bridge arrangement, the balance will be disturbed as soon as the altered blood has reached the piece of vessel between the electrodes;
A Cross-Layer Quality-Oriented Scheme for Energy-Efficient Multimedia Delivery in Wireless Networks

Limited battery life has become a critical issue, particularly when mobile devices run multimedia applications, for which users have high quality expectations. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer quality-oriented energy-efficient multimedia delivery scheme (Q-PASTE), which balances the need for the following: increased energy efficiency/battery lifetime and high user quality of experience. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, the Packet/ApplicaTion manager (PAT) is employed as a novel traffic shaping scheme at the application layer of both the gateway and the client host. At the service gateway, PAT first utilizes a fast start approach to support smooth multimedia playback and then shapes traffic from the server into bursts to reduce the wireless transceivers duty cycle for energy efficiency. At the client side, PAT performs traffic monitoring and provides the medium access control (MAC) layer with session-specific traffic-related information. Second, a MAC-located Slow sTart Exponential and Linear Algorithm (STELA) is proposed, which adjusts the sleep/wakeup schedule of the wireless network interface card (WNIC) to increase energy efficiency. An additional parameter-tuning procedure working with the information provided by PAT ensures that data arrive at the client without serious delays. It is demonstrated both analytically and via simulations that the proposed scheme improves energy efficiency significantly, in comparison with other solutions, while maintaining high quality levels.
Progressive mitochondrial disease resulting from a novel missense mutation in the mitochondrial DNA ND3 gene

We describe a 42‐year‐old man who presented with a progressive history of epilepsy, stroke‐like episodes, bilateral optic atrophy, and cognitive decline. Investigation of his muscle biopsy revealed a specific defect in complex I activity. Subsequent analysis of the mitochondrial genome identified a novel heteroplasmic T10191C mutation in the ND3 gene. The mutation was present at lower levels in blood from the patient and unaffected maternal relatives and is the first pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutation in the ND3 gene to be described.
Towards the genetic control of insect vectors: An overview

Insects are responsible for the transmission of major infectious diseases. Recent advances in insect genomics and transformation technology provide new strategies for the control of insect borne pathogen transmission and insect pest management. One such strategy is the genetic modification of insects with genes that block pathogen development. Another is to suppress insect populations by releasing either sterile males or males carrying female‐specific dominant lethal genes into the environment. Although significant progress has been made in the laboratory, further research is needed to extend these approaches to the field. These insect control strategies offer several advantages over conventional insecticide‐based strategies. However, the release of genetically modified insects into the environment should proceed with great caution, after ensuring its safety, and acceptance by the target populations.
Domiciliary Oxygen Therapy Services: Clinical Guidelines and Advice for Prescribers

The criteria for the use of long-term oxygen therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are well established, but there is variability in prescribing habits, poor adherence to guidelines, and lack of organised follow-up and monitoring arrangements. This report gives new guidance on the use of domiciliary oxygen in adult patients with chronic respiratory disease and indications for its use in paediatrics, cardiology and palliative medicine. New methods of prescribing are also recommended.
NPY revealed as a critical modulator of osteoblast function in vitro: New insights into the role of Y1 and Y2 receptors

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has recently emerged as a potential regulator of bone homeostasis. However, the relevance of NPY's role in osteoblast activity and the biological functions involving NPY receptors in bone homeostasis remain to be clarified. Here we report that chronically elevated NPY levels leaded to a modulation of the level of Y2 receptor expression marked with a transient down and upregulation according to the stage of osteoblast differentiation. We also show that NPY is a negative regulator of Y1 receptor expression. The pharmalogical activation of Y2 receptor with its agonist resulted in similar effect. Functional analysis also revealed the osteogenic potential of NPY with osteoblast phenotype markers being significantly enhanced in osteoprogenitor cells stimulated by NPY, probably due to the down‐regulation of Y1 receptor. In contrasts, these cells exhibit a reduction in calcium deposition in extracellular matrix most likely mediated via Y2 receptor signalling. Furthermore, we show that NPY modulates receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (NF‐kB) (RANK) ligand and osteoprotegerin, two key factors regulating bone remodelling. Specifically, NPY inhibits the transcriptional activity of RANKL promoter in osteoprogenitor cells and enhances OPG expression in osteoblasts at early stages of differentiation. However, NPY effect on OPG seemed to be unrelated to Y2 receptor activation. Taken together the present data supported the contribution of NPY pathway in bone homeostasis via a direct action on osteoblasts cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 908–916, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adipocyte-derived microvesicles from obese mice induce M1 macrophage phenotype through secreted miR-155.

The pro-inflammatory profile of M1 macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue is a central event leading to the metabolic complications of obesity. However, the mechanisms by which M1 macrophages are enriched in adipose tissue during weight gain remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the effects of adipocyte-derived microvesicles (ADM) on modulating macrophage phenotype in mice and explored the involved molecular signalling pathways. We found that, compared with ADM from lean mice (SD ADM), ADM from obese mice (HFD ADM) significantly enhanced M1 marker expression. The quantitative RT-PCR assay demonstrated that miR-155 was upregulated in both HFD ADM and HFD ADM-treated macrophages. By depleting miR-155 expression in HFD ADM and increasing miR-155 level in SD ADM, we further illustrated that miR-155 in ADM-induced M1 macrophage polarization. Functionally, in contrast to SD ADM, HFD ADM significantly decreased the protein level of SOCS1, a proven miR-155 target, leading to activation of STAT1, and suppression of STAT6 signalling; these effects were reversed by silencing miR-155 in HFD ADM. Furthermore, the supernatant of bone marrow-derived macrophages pre-stimulated with miR-155-bearing ADM interfered with insulin signalling and insulin-induced glucose uptake in adipocytes. Collectively, these results provide the first evidence that M1 macrophage polarization can be mediated by miR-155-bearing ADM, which reciprocally regulates insulin signalling and glucose uptake in adipocytes. Our study reveals a novel mechanism through which obesity induces an imbalance in the M1-to-M2 macrophage ratio in adipose tissue, thus causing chronic inflammation and local insulin resistance.
An efficient scheme for complete exchange in 2D tori

All-to-all personalized communication, or complete exchange, is at the heart of numerous applications in parallel computing. An efficient complete exchange algorithm is proposed for square 2/sup n//spl times/2/sup n/ wormhole-routed tori. Previous work has only considered complete exchange algorithms for mesh networks. The proposed algorithm effectively uses the bisection bandwidth of a torus, which is twice that for an equal sized mesh, to achieve complete exchange in a time which is almost half of the (best known) complete exchange time on an equal sized mesh. <<ETX>>
Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein N genotypes in AIDS patients.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) clinical isolates display genetic polymorphisms that are supposed to be implicated in HCMV-induced immunopathogenesis. Open reading frame UL73, encoding for the envelope glycoprotein N, shows four distinct genomic variants (gN-1, 2, 3, 4). This report analysed the distribution of glycoprotein N genotypes in 29 AIDS patients and 50 solid-organ transplant recipients compared with 111 immunocompetent individuals. HIV patients exhibited a prevalence of HCMV strains with the gN-1 genotype, which seem to replicate favourably in immunocompromised hosts.
NG2: a component of the glial scar that inhibits axon growth

NG2 is a high‐molecular‐weight chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan found on the surfaces of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Here we review the history and biology of OPCs with an emphasis on their functions after experimentally induced CNS injury. Injury to brain or spinal cord results in the rapid accumulation of NG2‐expressing OPCs in the glial scar that forms at the injury site. The glial scar is considered a biochemical and physical barrier to successful axon regeneration and the functional properties of NG2 suggest that it, along with other macromolecules, participates in the creation of this growth‐inhibitory environment. NG2 is an important target for therapies designed to promote successful axon regrowth.
The Role of Emotion in the Learning and Transfer of Clinical Skills and Knowledge

Purpose Medical school and residency are emotional experiences for trainees. Most research examining emotion in medicine has focused on negative moods associated with physician burnout and poor quality of life. However, positive emotional states also may have important influences on student learning and performance. The authors present a review of the literature on the influence of emotion on cognition, specifically how individuals learn complex skills and knowledge and how they transfer that information to new scenarios. Method From September 2011 to February 2012, the authors searched Medline, PsycInfo, GoogleScholar, ERIC, and Web of Science, as well as the reference lists of relevant articles, for research on the interaction between emotion, learning, and knowledge transfer. They extracted representative themes and noted particularly relevant empirical findings. Results The authors found articles that show that emotion influences various cognitive processes that are involved in the acquisition and transfer of knowledge and skills. More specifically, emotion influences how individuals identify and perceive information, how they interpret it, and how they act on the information available in learning and practice situations. Conclusions There are many ways in which emotions may influence medical education. Researchers must further explore the implications of these findings to ensure that learning is not treated simply as a rational, mechanistic process but that trainees are effectively prepared to perform under a wide range of emotional conditions.
Does Population Ageing Promote Faster Economic Growth?

Can divergent demographic trends account for differences in per capita output across countries? We address this question by offering evidence that the process of population ageing is positively and significantly related to cross-country economic performance. We define and estimate the effect of demographic change in two ways. First, a growing cohort of working age persons (1564) as a share of the total population is found to have a large positive effect on GDP per capita. Second, an increase in the number of prime age persons (3554) relative to the younger working age population (1534) is found to have a positive but curvilinear effect with respect to per capita GDP. We find that changes in per capita GDP peak when the ratio of the prime-to-younger age population reaches an optimum of prime age workers for every younger aged worker. Beyond or below this optimal ratio, per capita output is lowered.
The Middle Subunit of Replication Protein A Contacts Growing RNA-DNA Primers in Replicating Simian Virus 40 Chromosomes

ABSTRACT The eukaryotic single-stranded DNA binding protein replication protein A (RPA) participates in major DNA transactions. RPA also interacts through its middle subunit (Rpa2) with regulators of the cell division cycle and of the response to DNA damage. A specific contact between Rpa2 and nascent simian virus 40 DNA was revealed by in situ UV cross-linking. The dynamic attributes of the cross-linked DNA, namely, its size distribution, RNA primer content, and replication fork polarity, were determined. These data suggest that Rpa2 contacts the early DNA chain intermediates synthesized by DNA polymerase α-primase (RNA-DNA primers) but not more advanced products. Possible signaling functions of Rpa2 are discussed, and current models of eukaryotic lagging-strand DNA synthesis are evaluated in view of our results.
Associations between MTHFR 1793G>A and plasma total homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B in kidney transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND Currently, no evidence is available on the putative associations between a novel single nucleotide polymorphism of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene MTHFR 1793G>A and plasma levels of vitamin B(12), folate, or total homocysteine (tHcy). METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 730 kidney allograft recipients, patients were categorized by MTHFR 1793G>A genotype. In univariate and multivariate linear regression models that allowed the outcome variables vitamin B(12), folate, and tHcy plasma levels to follow a gamma distribution, we tested for possible associations of allelic variants of MTHFR 1793G>A and these three dependent variables. As hypothesized in previous work, we specifically evaluated possible effect modification between the MTHFR 1793G>A and 1298A>C mutations on these outcomes. RESULTS The allele frequency for MTHFR 1793G>A was 0.052. Heterozygosity (N= 72) or homozygosity (N= 2) for MTHFR 1793G>A was not independently associated with plasma levels of vitamin B(12) (P= 0.33) or tHcy (P= 0.70), but a borderline association with higher folate concentrations was detected (Deltafolate = 1.91 nmol/L) (95% CI -0.03 to 3.86 nmol/L) (P= 0.05). Further, we found strong and significant positive interactions between the MTHFR 1793G>A and 1298A>C mutations on vitamin B(12) concentrations. CONCLUSION Higher folate concentrations in kidney transplant recipients with MTHFR 1793GA or 1793AA and markedly higher concentrations of vitamin B(12) in patients with combined MTHFR 1793G>A and 1298A>C mutations may contribute to the survival advantage that has been postulated for such patients showing these genotypes.
Input filter design for SVM Dual-Bridge Matrix Converters

This paper gives a simple procedure to size the input filter parameters for DBMC. The proposed methodology performs a reasonable THD of the line current as well as a compromise between the input power factor and the THD of the input filter capacitor voltage. On the other side, the input filter performances are evaluated in detail when the converter is controlled by a SVM scheme. Finally, future trends are proposed to overcome the observed drawbacks by using advanced control strategies.
LOCALIZATION OF A CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDE IN A BROWN ALGA WITH LABELED ANTIBODY

1 Supported by Grant. 1 FO1 GM-33,529-O1A1 CELL from the National Institutes of Health. Smith, C. amid Hamermams, I). Amer. J. Path. 52: 569. 1968) amid the omsset of mitosis (Brittimuger, G., Hirschsormn, 11., llirschorms, K. amid Weissmans, G. J. Cell Biol. 40: 843. 1969). Whether diffuse cytoplasnsic stainimig represemsts artifactrual leakage of euizymises (or react ioms product) or in rico release of etszvmes t hrormgh a dansaged lysosomal niembramse, is, therefore, of comssiderable sigmsiflcamnce. Attenspts to resolve this problem by homogemsizatioms procedrures have also proved difficult. As Brit.titsger et al. (op. cit.) have nuoted “it is impossible to decide at preseust. whether gramiurles are actually disrupted ims the instact cell or whether they burst durinig the preparations amid fractiomsation of the homogemsate. ” With horseradish peroxidase as a lysosomal marker, staimsed by a techmsiqure that avoids both the diffumsioms artifacts that may be associated with the lead amid azo dye staiuiiusg procedures ausd the trauma of homogenizations amid fractionsatioms, it can be showns that lysosomal contemsts are released insto the cytoplasm followinsg the ingestion of silica. Au additional advantage of the 1)AB procedure is the precision with which