Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for developing Urdu Probabilistic Parser

Any decision error in greedy search procedure results in a wrong parse. Best-first str ategy is complicated. The novel algorithm developed in this work is based on multi-path shift reduce-strategy. In this algorithm, if the input matches with more than one clause on the right hand side of a rule in Urdu probabilis tic context free grammar the items on the old stack are copied to a new processing stack and subsequently reduce operation is performed. A number of stacks can be created whenever required. The probabilities of the rules c an be added for each path. Parse tree with the highest probability is selected as the correct solution. Dr y run of the main algorithm shows the superiority of this al gorithm over its previous counter parts.
Some evidence and discussion on the validity of using intrinsic sensory cues in stated choice experiments

This paper has two main aims, 1) to discuss the implications if consumers place more importance on sensory cue information than extrinsic cue information in wine choice and 2) the validity of using sensory cues in stated choice experiments. A sensory panel of experts classified four red wine styles, on characteristics including Body and Sweetness levels. Four broad, representative wine styles were then presented under blind laboratory conditions to a sample of 144 emerging Asian wine consumers (current, younger wine drinkers). Firstly, participants were asked to taste all four wines and indicate their overall preference on nine-point Likert scales. Overall, results showed a significant preference towards a sweeter, lighter bodied style of red wine. Secondly, participants were presented with a stated choice experiment involving nine choice tasks each with four choices, presented as actual wine bottles with descriptive attribute levels. These attribute levels included two intrinsic cues (body and sweetness) and two extrinsic cues (price and country-of-origin). Preliminary results showed that overall, utility was the highest for the sweetness attribute. Segmentation analysis identified involvement as the strongest covariate, showing that low involvement consumers significantly preferred the sweeter style of red wine and also rated the utility for sweetness as the highest amongst the four attributes. While not significant, the high involvement group showed preference for both a sweet style and a dry, fuller bodied style of red wine and the utility results for this group showed this tendency. The results lend support for the proposition that sensory intrinsic qualities presented as stated descriptors in choice experiments can be valid for identifying sensory preference and characteristics. The results also indicate that low involvement consumers still cue into memory certain elemental sensory elements that they prefer. Brands and other extrinsic cues may therefore not have as large an affect on these consumers as first thought.
Quantile regression ensemble for summer temperatures time series and its impact on built environment studies

The occurrence of heat waves, heavy rainfall, or drought periods have an increasing trend nowadays as consequence of Earth's global warming. This seriously affects natural habitats and directly impacts on the human environment. Architects and engineers use different approaches to model reference and future weather conditions to achieve building designs that resilient and energy efficient. However, modelling extreme weather events within those future conditions is a relative few explored field. This paper introduces the analysis of regression models for summer temperature time series that facilitate the representation of those extreme events; this is based on upper and lower quantiles, instead of the ordinary regression which is conditioned by the mean. The advantage of this proposal is to focus on finding patterns for both higher temperatures during the day and warmer temperatures during the night. These two temperatures are key in the study of overheating and therefore thermal related morbidity as the night time temperature will show the possibility of night purging. Advances on quantile regression models coming from both resampling and ensemble approaches are further investigated and compared with the state of the art. The results are sound in terms of statistical robustness and knowledge of inputs that specifically affect to temperature extremes. The new method has been tested with real data of temperatures in London for a period of 50 years. The quantile regression technique provides more meaningful information for use in building simulation than standard methods.
CANADA'S CAMPAIGN FOR IMMIGRANTS AND THE IMAGES IN CANADA WEST MAGAZINE

o ne of the major challenges that Canadian of the East. To do this the government en government officials felt they faced at the end gaged in a systematic program to encourage of the nineteenth century was the develop- immigration of farmers and agricultural labor ment of the prairie West. By this time there ers from the United States and Britain. This were large urban centers in eastern Canada, involved many forms of promotion, including but many Canadians worried that they had a magazine entitled Canada West. From this not truly ensured the future existence of their publication we can see that the ideal society country. They hoped that filling the middle, envisioned by Canadian officials was a mod the province of Manitoba and the region that ern, highly developed society, based on family would become the provinces of Saskatchewan farms. This work shall demonstrate through a and Alberta, with prosperous, white, family detailed analysis of the magazine's covers over farmers would support the industrialized cities several years the ways in which Canada de picted the ideal life farmers could hope to have on the prairies.
High-Precision Heading Determination Based on the Sun for Mars Rover

Since the American Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landed on Mars in 2004, it has travelled more than 40 km, and heading-determination technology based on its sun sensor has played an important role in safe driving of the rover. A high-precision heading-determination method will always play a significant role in the rover’s autonomous navigation system, and the precision of the measured heading strongly affects the navigation results. In order to improve the heading precision to the 1-arcminute level, this paper puts forward a novel calibration algorithm for solving the comparable distortion of large-field sun sensor by introducing an antisymmetric matrix. The sun sensor and inclinometer alignment model are then described in detail to maintain a high-precision horizon datum, and a strict sun image centroid-extraction algorithm combining subpixel edge detection with circle or ellipse fitting is presented. A prototype comprising a sun sensor, electronic inclinometer, and chip-scale atomic clock is developed for testing the algorithms, models, and methods presented in this paper. Three field tests were conducted in different months during 2017. The results show that the precision of the heading determination reaches 0.28–0.97′ (1σ) and the centroid error of the sun image and the sun elevation are major factors that affect the heading precision.
Discrete decision tree induction to avoid overfitting on categorical data

A decision tree is a hierarchical structure commonly used to visualize steps in the decision making process. Decision tree induction is a data mining method to build decision tree from archival data with the intention to obtain a decision model to be used on future cases. The advantages of decision tree induction over other data mining techniques are its simple structure, ease of comprehension, and the ability to handle both numerical and categorical data. For numerical data with continuous values, the tree building algorithm simply compares the values to some constant. If the attribute has value smaller than or equal to the constant, then proceeds to the left branch; otherwise, takes the right branch. Tree branching process is much more complex on categorical data. The algorithm has to calculate the optimal branching decision based on the proportion of each individual value of categorical attribute to the target attribute. A categorical attribute with a lot of distinct values can lead to the overfitting problem. Overfitting occurs when a model is overly complex from the attempt to describe too many small samples which are the results categorical attributes with large quantities. A model that overfits the training data has poor predictive performance on unseen test data. We thus propose novel techniques based on data grouping and heuristic-based selection to deal with overfitting problem on categorical data. Our intuition is on the basis of appropriate selection of data samples to remove random error or noise before building the model. Heuristics play their role on pruning strategy during the model building phase. The implementation of our proposed method is based on the logic programming paradigm and some major functions are presented in the paper. We observe from the experimental results that our techniques work well on high dimensional categorical data in which attributes contain distinct values less than ten. For large quantities of categorical values, discretization technique is necessary.
Urban Planning Goes Rural. Conceptualising the “New Village”

A major goal of the national program to Build a New Socialist Countryside is to modernise and urbanise the rural built environment. This objective has been bolstered by the extension of state-sponsored urban planning regimes into rural jurisdictions. One of the implications of this is that every administrative village in China is now required to commission and implement a 20-year “master plan” for redevelopment. Through tracing the origins and rationale of key policy initiatives, in the first part of this paper I aim to show how urban planning came to be seen as an appropriate tool for solving a range of intractable rural “problems. ” In the second part of the paper, I present a case study of village redevelopment in order to illustrate how the principles of urban planning have been applied to the re-making of rural built environments and the transformation of rural life.
Seeing is Doing: Synthetic Tools for Robotically Augmented Fabrication in High-Skill Domains

The historical split between visualization and actualization in architectural design has encouraged a disciplinary split between representation (the domain of the designer) and construction (a domain entirely removed from the Architect’s purview). This split between seeing and doing in architectural design can be questioned in the context of contemporary robotic technologies where physical and digital workflows comingle in high-skill, collaborative domains.
A Grounded Theory Study of Learning Patterns of Asian Students in Higher Education

A large chunk of studies has focused on variations in students’ learning approaches in higher education (HE). Similarly, issues to learning in HE have been extensively investigated from perspective of Chinese students. However, the question is to what extent studies exist which can identify the patterns in which other Asian students alongside those with a Confucian Heritage Culture (CHC) find themselves comfortable when learning in HE in the United Kingdom (UK). The current study examines the learning patterns of Chinese (CHC), Indian and Pakistani (non-CHC) students from their prior learning (PL) experiences, the major academic issues they face, and how differently they consider the very process of learning in the UK. Data was collected through 3 phases of semi-structured in-depth interviews (and interpreted with personal narratives) from 24 students from the three sample countries, currently studying in the UK. Qualitative-narrative analysis of data using Grounded Theory (GT) revealed that Indian and Pakistani students along with other Chinese face similar challenges in coping with learning (patterns) independently in the UK. Similarly they equally feel the need towards lingual inadequacy and lack of academic writing support, surrounding their learning patterns. Asian students also consider HE learning as part of a process that require essential teaching. The key to the study is based on students’ own perceptions of the learning patterns they find significant in HE in order to promote the process of learning.
Serum ferritin concentrations in an impaired fasting glucose population and their normal control group

Some recent studies have revealed the relationship among excess ferritin, coronary heart disease, and insulin resistance. This study was designed to assess the association between serum ferritin concentration and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). A total of 187 people including 91 IFG subjects and 96 normal glucose subjects were enrolled. The cohorts were well matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). BMI and blood pressure of the participants were measured and serum cholesterol, triglyceride and ferritin were evaluated. All the data were analyzed by t test, x2 test and analysis of variance. Serum ferritin was higher in the IFG cohort (85.5 ± 6.6 μg/l vs. 49.4 ± 3.7 μg/l; P, 0.001). A positive correlation was found between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and serum ferritin in this study (r, 0.29; P, 0.001). Using multiple regression analysis, we found an association between serum ferritin and BMI (0.06; P, 0.4), blood pressure (0.15; P, 0.01), FPG (0.29; P, 0.001), triglyceride (0.08; P, 0.01) and cholesterol (0.07; P, 0.03). The odd’s ratio for the association of IFG in male subjects with the high serum ferritin level was 8.3 (CI 95%, 1.211.9; P, 0.01) and for females was 3.06 (C.I 95%, 0.58-15; P, 0.1). Our study implying that hyperferritinemia occurs before elevation of plasma glucose concentration more than 126 mg/dl. If prospective and interventional studies confirm an etiologic role of iron overload in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, reduced dietary iron intake would appear to be a logical consequence. Acta Medica Iranica 2007; 45(3): 321-324. © 2007 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Trudinger type inequalities in ^{} and their best exponents

We study Trudinger type inequalities in RN and their best exponents αN . We show for α ∈ (0, αN ), αN = Nω N−1 (ωN−1 is the surface area of the unit sphere in RN ), there exists a constant Cα > 0 such that ∫ RN ΦN α( |u(x)| ‖∇u‖LN (RN ) ) N N−1  dx ≤ Cα ‖u‖NLN (RN ) ‖∇u‖N LN (RN ) (∗) for all u ∈W 1,N (RN ) \ {0}. Here ΦN (ξ) is defined by ΦN (ξ) = exp(ξ) − N−2 ∑ j=0 1 j! ξ . It is also shown that (∗) with α ≥ αN is false, which is different from the usual Trudinger’s inequalities in bounded domains. 0. Introduction In this note, we study the limit case of Sobolev’s inequalities; suppose N ≥ 2 and let D ⊂ R be an open set. We denote by W 1,N 0 (D) the usual Sobolev space, that is, the completion of C∞ 0 (D) with the norm ‖u‖W 1,p 0 (D) = ‖∇u‖p+‖u‖p. Here ‖u‖p = (∫
Disposition of Nuclear Waste Using Subcritical Accelerator-Driven Systems: Technology Choices and Implementation Scenarios

Los Alamos National Laboratory has led the development of accelerator-driven transmutation of waste (ATW) to provide an alternative technological solution to the disposition of nuclear waste. While ATW will not eliminate the need for a high-level waste repository, it offers a new technology option for altering the nature of nuclear waste and enhancing the capability of a repository. The basic concept of ATW focuses on reducing the time horizon for the radiological risk from hundreds of thousands of years to a few hundred years and on reducing the thermal loading. As such, ATW will greatly reduce the amount of transuranic elements that will be disposed of in a high-level waste repository. The goal of the ATW nuclear subsystem is to produce three orders of magnitude reduction in the long-term radiotoxicity of the waste sent to a repository, including losses through processing. If the goal is met, the radiotoxicity of ATW-treated waste after 300 yr would be less than that of untreated waste after 100 000 yr. These objectives can be achieved through the use of high neutron fluxes produced in accelerator-driven subcritical systems. While critical fission reactors can produce high neutron fluxes to destroy actinides and select fission products, the effectiveness of the destruction is limited by the criticality requirement. Furthermore, a substantial amount of excess reactivity would have to be supplied initially and compensated for by control poisons. To overcome these intrinsic limitations, we searched for solutions in subcritical systems freed from the criticality requirement by taking advantage of the recent breakthroughs in accelerator technology and the release of liquid lead/bismuth nuclear coolant technology from Russia. The effort led to the selection of an accelerator-driven subcritical system that results in the destruction of the actinides and fission products of concern as well as permitting easy operational control through the external control of the neutron source.
VAPOR LIQUID EQUILIBRIA: A REVIEW

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data may be readily evaluated and extended when they are calculated as activity coefficients. The equations proposed by Van Laar, Margulas, Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC, which express the activity coefficients of the components of a mixture as functions of the liquid composition and empirical constants, are capable of fitting most of the available vapor liquid equilibrium data. Equations of state play an important role in chemical engineering design and they have assumed an expanding role in the study of the phase equilibria of fluids and fluid mixtures.
An Analysis of Software Agents, Environ-ments and Applications School (WESAAC): Retrospective, Relevance, and Trends

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) software has been increasing dramatically in last years. In this context, the Software Agents, Environments and Applications School (WESAAC) is a Brazilian event of MAS which is in its tenth edition. When studying a research area, it is important to identify the most active groups, topics, the research trends and so forth. This study aims to investigate how the WESAAC is evolving, by analysing the papers published in its ten editions. We adopted a research strategy that combines scoping study and systematic review good practices. We identify the most participating institutions and authors, the main topics discussed, the types of the contributions, the conferences and journals that have most referenced WESAAC papers, the publications with the greatest impact, and the trends in MAS. We found 128 papers over the 10 WESAAC editions, which were analysed and discussed.
Importance of HPLC in Analysis of Plants Extracts

When large numbers of investigating plants secondary metabolites from plants, it is important to have the means available to perform a characterization of the samples in order to provide a means of selecting species for study. This can be achieved by combining simple biological assays with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses. HPLC is an extremely versatile technique; the reversed-phase method is able to handle compounds of a diverse polarity and molecular mass. Reversed phase chromatography has found both analytical and preparative applications in the area of phytochemical separation and purification. Once a candidate plant has been chosen, a suitable isolation procedure can be employed for the isolation of the active principles.
The spectral energy distribution of powerful starburst galaxies - I. Modelling the radio continuum

We have acquired radio continuum data between 70\,MHz and 48\,GHz for a sample of 19 southern starburst galaxies at moderate redshifts ($0.067 < z < 0.227$) with the aim of separating synchrotron and free-free emission components. Using a Bayesian framework we find the radio continuum is rarely characterised well by a single power law, instead often exhibiting low frequency turnovers below 500\,MHz, steepening at mid-to-high frequencies, and a flattening at high frequencies where free-free emission begins to dominate over the synchrotron emission. These higher order curvature components may be attributed to free-free absorption across multiple regions of star formation with varying optical depths. The decomposed synchrotron and free-free emission components in our sample of galaxies form strong correlations with the total-infrared bolometric luminosities. Finally, we find that without accounting for free-free absorption with turnovers between 90 to 500\,MHz the radio-continuum at low frequency ($\nu < 200$\,MHz) could be overestimated by upwards of a factor of twelve if a simple power law extrapolation is used from higher frequencies. The mean synchrotron spectral index of our sample is constrained to be $\alpha=-1.06$, which is steeper then the canonical value of $-0.8$ for normal galaxies. We suggest this may be caused by an intrinsically steeper cosmic ray distribution.
Application of Finite Element Method in High Frequency Simulations

This paper is written in the frame of the usage of finite element method at high frequencies. Simulations in time and frequency domain have their own methodology, for example the setting of the excitations and boundary con- ditions. The paper presents the weak formulations of both domains derived from Maxwell's equations and from the Sommerfeld radiation condition, simulations in isotropic and linear media, and if it is possible, comparisons between the simulations and analytical results. The first part of the paper is about the theory of the electromagnetics, the form of the wave equations in time and frequency domain, and about the nodal finite element method. The second chapter is about deriving the weak forms, and about their imple- mentation method. The final chapter shows the implementation of the finite element method, and some results simulated in time and frequency domain with different geometry and boundary conditions.
Using a Visualized Reaction-Time Task to Assess Implicit Cognition in Brazilian and Japanese-Descendant Children

Empirical evidence gathered among different cultures suggests that visual perception, attention and overall cognition are influenced by cultural contexts. Studies comparing western and eastern cultures present strong data showing differences on face recognition, spatial attention and other cognitive aspects. Based on those assertions, the present study proposes a reaction-time task to assess implicit cognition in children to understand the development of self-concept based on other cognitive functions such as face perception. Participated from this study 36 Brazilian children with age range of 9-to-11 years old. Participants were divided by ascendance: Japanese and Western; and paired by age and sex. An Implicit Association Test was programmed to measure the level of implicit attitude of participants towards their own and the other studied ethnicity. Results suggest that, despite of same nationality—all children were Brazilian; cultural background plays an important role on diverse cognitive domains.
Integrated set of tools for robust text processing

Corpus annotation practices for most major languages have moved the focus, within the NLP research community, on low-level linguistic analysis. This trend is reinforced by the relative failure of grammar based applications and the need for fast and robust document processing for tasks as varied as information indexing or language correctness checking. This paper describes a set of tools for morpho-syntactic annotation of Spanish texts, based both on well known public domain tools (emerging from MULTEXT) and proprietary technologies (as Constraint Grammars). Besides, a complete bunch of new specific modules ranging from morphological analyzers to form, typographical and morpho-syntactic checkers have been integrated in this NLP tool.