Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogenetics of 45,X/46,XY gonadal mosaicism

Five patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism ranging from 8% to 66% of 46,XY lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were studied. Their age when chromosome studies were performed ranged from a few days to 37 yr. The phenotypic presentations were two females with gonadal dysgenesis and Turner syndrome features (cases 1 and 2), two males with ambiguous genitalia and mixed gonadal dysgenesis (cases 3 and 4), and an infertile male with an atrophic testis (case 5). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using dual-color X and Y probes on paraffin-embedded sections of the gonads was performed to assess mosaicism. A mosaic cell line with a Y chromosome was present in the streak ovary, dysgenetic gonad, and testis. In the mixed gonadal dysgenesis cases (cases 3 and 4), the testis had a higher percentage (greater than two fold) of XY cells than the ovary had. However, the highest ratio of cells with a Y chromosome was in the atrophic testis of the infertile male (case 5). The distribution of mosaic clones in the different gonadal cell types was examined. Both females (cases 1 and 2) with dysgenetic gonads had scant ovarian stroma and nests of Leydig or hilus cells. In FISH studies, the coelomic epithelial cells were predominantly 46,XY; in comparison, the Leydig and hilus cells had a lower percentage and the ovarian stroma the least number of cells with a Y signal. A mixed gonadal dysgenesis case (case 3) possessed a right testis with an XY complement in ∼21% of Sertoli cells and ∼14% of Leydig cells. The infertile male had an atrophic testis with interstitial hyperplasia (case 5). His testis contained Sertoli cells but no evidence of spermatogenesis. FISH detected a Y signal in about 50–60% of the Sertoli and Leydig cells.
Bangladeshi hand sign language recognition from video

Hand sign recognition has become a significant research topic as it requires voiceless communication with sign languages in many circumstances. In Bangladesh, some system has been established for hand signs recognition for bangle alphabets. In case of expressing the feelings of deaf and dumb people there are no alternative to words and sentences. In this regard framework has proposed a system for recognizing the Bangladeshi hand sign language of words and sentences and translating the signs into text with static hand images which have been generated from input videos. In our proposed system, RGB images which contain hand signs are firstly converted into YCbCr color space for skin color segmentation. After that hand portions which are our region of interest (ROI) have been obtained by eliminating other skin portions and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) has been applied on it for feature extraction. Finally, for classifying candidate features Support Vector Machine (SVM) is performed. To demonstrate the total effectiveness of this method experimental result have compared with other existing work related to Bangladeshi hand sign language. The experimental results denote that the proposed method outperforms the existing works. The system has achieved recognition accuracy of 94.26% for words and 94.49% for sentences.
The immune molecular landscape of the B7 and TNFR immunoregulatory ligand–receptor families in head and neck cancer: A comprehensive overview and the immunotherapeutic implications

ABSTRACT The B7 family and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily play a vital role in the T-cell co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways, regulating T-cell activation, tolerance, and exhaustion; therapeutic modulation of these pathways is translated into effective new cancer treatments. Better understanding of the immune molecular landscapes of the B7 and TNFR families would guide head and neck immuno-oncology clinical research. We performed comprehensive molecular profiling of 10 B7 and 6 TNFR family members in head and neck cancer. Over 20% of patients had B7 and TNFR gene alterations. B7 gene amplifications were relatively more common (3–11%) than TNFR gene amplifications (0–5%). Analysis of 496 sequenced samples revealed that all genes were upregulated: B7 and TNFR mRNA were upregulated in 158 cases (> 30%) and 83 cases (∼15%), respectively. B7-H1 (PD-L1) mRNA upregulation was the most common (∼10%). Promoter methylation analysis indicated an epigenetic basis for B7 and TNFR gene regulation (especially B7-H1, which was relatively strongly correlated with promoter methylation). B7-H1 expression was significantly associated with worse overall survival, and its expression was increased in cases with gene amplifications. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status correlated significantly with B7-H1 alterations at genetic level. Almost half (47.1%) of HPV-negative patients had deep or shallow B7-H1 deletion; >90% of HPV-positive patients had diploid, copy number gain, or amplification of B7-H1. This is the first study elucidating the immune molecular landscapes of the B7 and TNFR families in head and neck cancer, providing a potential novel rationale for clinical investigations.
Visual Stimulus Speed Does Not Influence the Rapid Emergence of Direction Selectivity in Ferret Visual Cortex

Sensory experience is necessary for the development of some receptive field properties of neurons in primary sensory cortical areas. However, it remains unclear whether the parameters of an individual animal's experience play an instructive role and influence the tuning parameters of cortical sensory neurons as selectivity emerges, or rather whether experience merely permits the completion of processes that are fully seeded at the onset of experience. Here we have examined whether the speed of visual stimuli that are presented to visually naive ferrets can influence the parameters of speed tuning and direction selectivity in cortical neurons. Visual experience is necessary for the development of direction selectivity in carnivores. If, during development, cortical neurons had the flexibility to choose from among different inputs with a range of spatial positions and temporal delays, then correlation-based plasticity mechanisms could instruct the precise spatiotemporal selectivity that underlies speed tuning and direction selectivity, and the parameters of an individual animal's experience would influence the tuning that emerges. Alternatively, the tuning parameters of these neurons may already be established at the onset of visual experience, and experience may merely permit the expression of this tuning. We found that providing different groups of animals with either slow (12.5 deg/s) or fast (50 deg/s) visual stimuli resulted in emergence of direction selectivity, but that speed tuning and direction selectivity were similar in the two groups. These results are more consistent with a permissive role for experience in the development of direction selectivity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The proper development of brain circuits and neural response properties depends on both nature (factors independent of experience) and nurture (factors dependent on experience). In this study, we examined whether the quality of visual experience of an individual animal influences the development of basic sensory detectors in primary visual cortex. We found that, although visual experience is required for the development of direction selectivity, tuning for stimulus speed could not be altered by specific experience with slow or fast stimuli. These results suggest that the tuning parameters for direction selectivity are specified independently of an animal's sensory experience, and that a range of experiences can promote the proper mature expression of direction selectivity in primary visual cortex.
Variational Optical Flow Based Velocity Estimation for Omni-Directional Intelligent Wheelchair

To measure the velocity for the omni-directional intelligent wheelchair for the depth research on control and improve the measured accuracy and computational efficiency, the variational optical flow based velocity estimation method is used in this paper. Firstly, an improved energy functional model which combines a brightness constancy assumption, a gradient constancy assumption, a Laplacian constancy assumption and a discontinuity-preserving spatio-temporal smoothness constraint is employed to improve the accuracy of optical flow estimation; Then, a planar optical flow model based improved voting Random Sample Consensus(RANSAC) method is presented to remove heterogeneous optical flow vectors produced by non-uniform ambient illumination, local motion blur and chaotic surrounding environment. Finally, aiming at the installation attitude of the camera, an effective method of camera attitude adjustment is introduced to simplify the spatial coordinate system transformation and solve the model. This paper has realized the velocity estimation of the wheelchair by real-time acquisition of images in the framework of the Robot Operating System(ROS). Experimental results showed that the wheelchair velocity estimation method performed robustly in the presence of chaotic surrounding environment through the above improvements.
Investigation of the Role of Campylobacter Infection in Suspected Acute Polyradiculoneuritis in Dogs

Background Acute polyradiculoneuritis (APN) is an immune‐mediated peripheral nerve disorder in dogs that shares many similarities with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in humans, in which the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter spp. now is considered to be a major triggering agent. Little information is available concerning the relationship between APN and Campylobacter spp. in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives To estimate the association between Campylobacter spp. infection and APN. Associations with additional potential risk factors also were investigated, particularly consumption of raw chicken. Animals Twenty‐seven client‐owned dogs suffering from suspected APN and 47 healthy dogs, client‐owned or owned by staff members. Methods Case‐control study with incidence density‐based sampling. Fecal samples were collected from each enrolled animal to perform direct culture, DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Campylobacter spp. In some cases, species identification was performed by sequence analysis of the amplicon. Data were obtained from the medical records and owner questionnaires in both groups. Results In cases in which the fecal sample was collected within 7 days from onset of clinical signs, APN cases were 9.4 times more likely to be positive for Campylobacter spp compared to control dogs (P < 0.001). In addition, a significant association was detected between dogs affected by APN and the consumption of raw chicken (96% of APN cases; 26% of control dogs). The most common Campylobacter spp. identified was Campylobacter upsaliensis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Raw chicken consumption is a risk factor in dogs for the development of APN, which potentially is mediated by infection with Campylobacter spp.
Graph Tasks in Bebras Contest: What does it have to do with gender?

Bebras contest has been part of Slovak informatics in schools for 10 years, making contestants familiar with information technologies, computer science concepts and improving their digital skills and computational thinking. In this article we take a look at task group which connects computer science concepts with computational thinking - graph tasks (for example trees, graphs, square grids, graph algorithms.). We focused on the three lowest categories of the Slovak contest, which include pupils of the whole primary school (aged 8 to 15) and analysed the tasks of the last four years. We used both qualitative and quantitative data analysis research methods. Task were divided into subcategories which were further analysed, focusing on identification of the specifics of the tasks in which there were significant differences between boys and girls. Using comparative analysis, it was found that boys are better in tasks with simple (relatively abstract) representation of the structure which is described by a larger amount of text, but the main point of the task is to identify the problem and create or uncover a strategy for finding a solution. Girls' performance is better in tasks that have less text, relatively more complicated representation of the structure and are focused on simple operations at graphs or reading them.
Sofosbuvir and simeprevir for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in liver transplant recipients

Recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection occurs universally in the allograft in the absence of effective antiviral therapy before liver transplantation (LT). Antiviral therapy with sofosbuvir and simeprevir has proven to be highly effective and well tolerated in the nontransplant setting for treatment of HCV genotype 1 infection; therefore, we sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this regimen in LT recipients with recurrent HCV infection. This was a retrospective analysis of a single‐center treatment protocol of patients with HCV genotype 1 infection who received a 12‐week combination regimen of sofosbuvir and simeprevir. Sixty‐one patients (35 with genotype 1a and 26 with genotype 1b) completed treatment with simeprevir and sofosbuvir. Three patients received additional ribavirin. Laboratory data and clinical assessments performed at the baseline, on treatment, at the end of treatment, and 12 weeks after the completion of antiviral therapy [sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12)] were analyzed. The median time after LT was 5.4 years [interquartile range (IQR), 1.9‐8.4 years], and tacrolimus was the most commonly used immunosuppressive agent (80.3%). Overall, SVR12 was achieved in 93.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 84%‐97%] of LT recipients treated with 12 weeks of sofosbuvir and simeprevir. When they were analyzed according to the HCV subtype, LT recipients with genotype 1b had a 100% SVR12 rate (95% CI, 87%‐100%), whereas SVR12 was 89% (95% CI, 74%‐95%) for those with genotype 1a. Advanced fibrosis (METAVIR F3‐F4) was associated with diminished antiviral efficacy in LT recipients with genotype 1a [SVR12, 67% (95% CI, 39%‐86%); P = 0.01]. Overall, the incidence of adverse events (AEs) was low, and no severe AEs occurred during treatment. In conclusion, treatment with a 12‐week regimen of sofosbuvir and simeprevir was well tolerated and resulted in a high SVR12 rate for LT recipients with recurrent HCV genotype 1 infection. Genotype 1a patients with advanced fibrosis of the allograft were more likely to relapse. Liver Transpl 21:823‐830, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
Subgroup Isomorphism Problem for units of integral group rings

Abstract The Subgroup Isomorphism Problem for Integral Group Rings asks for which finite groups U it is true that if U is isomorphic to a subgroup of V ⁢ ( ℤ ⁢ G ) ${\mathrm{V}(\mathbb{Z}G)}$ , the group of normalized units of the integral group ring of the finite group G, it must be isomorphic to a subgroup of G. The smallest groups known not to satisfy this property are the counterexamples to the Isomorphism Problem constructed by M. Hertweck. However, the only groups known to satisfy it are cyclic groups of prime power order and elementary-abelian p-groups of rank 2. We give a positive solution to the Subgroup Isomorphism Problem for C 4 × C 2 ${C_{4}\times C_{2}}$ . Moreover, we prove that if the Sylow 2-subgroup of G is a dihedral group, any 2-subgroup of V ⁢ ( ℤ ⁢ G ) ${\mathrm{V}(\mathbb{Z}G)}$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of G.
On-line gas monitoring for increased transformer protection

Transformers are vital and high cost components of the electric power system. On-line monitoring is a tool that can assess the condition of these valuable assets in real time. The importance of a monitored transformer and the economic consequences of a failure, provide the basis for selecting a monitor with its potential cost benefits. The most basic and important transformer monitoring equipment is the on-line Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) monitor. This paper discusses the importance of on-line DGA monitoring for power transformers, types of available sensors and various qualities to examine when choosing a monitoring device.
A case of recurrent pancytopenia in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia on maintenance chemotherapy and concomitant methyltetrahydrofolate reductase and thiopurine S-methyltransferase mutation - review of literature

Pharmacogenetics is a study of how genetic variation of an individual affects the drug response. We report a case of recurrent pancytopenia resulting from maintenance chemotherapy in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia and two pharmacogenetic mutations, namely, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T homozygous mutation and thiopurine methyltransferase mutation.
Modeling of Spatially Correlated Geometry-Based Stochastic Channels

Massive MIMO, 3D beamforming and beam tracking strategies for mobile users are among the key strategies for the 5th generation of mobile cellular networks. Their investigation requires channel models that are spatially consistent and evolve smoothly over time. State-of-the-art channel models, such as, 3GPP SCM, WINNER and the 3GPP 3D channel model, do not consider the time evolution and are relevant only for drop based simulations. In this paper we propose two methods to model spatially correlated channels; first, by introducing spatial correlation to LOS/NLOS propagation and indoor/outdoor state of a user, and second, by introducing spatial correlation to the small scale parameters that represent short-term fading characteristics. Our results exhibit realistic behavior of users that move through the network, in terms of LOS/NLOS and indoor/outdoor states and preserve the statistics of the channel model.
Impact of sublingual sildenafil on pulmonary hypertension in patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a factor of poor prognosis in the postoperative period of heart transplant (HT) and thus, the study of the degree of reversibility to vasodilators is mandatory during the preoperative assessment. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic effects of sildenafil as a vasodilator during the PH reversibility test in patients that are candidates to HT. METHODS Patients awaiting HT were submitted to the measurement of systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic variables before and after the administration of a single sublingual dose of 100 mg of sildenafil during right heart catheterization. RESULTS Fourteen patients (age: 47+/-12 years, 71.4% men) with advanced heart failure Ejection Fraction (EF) 25 +/- 7%, Functional Class (FC - NYHA) FC III - 6 and FC IV - 8, were evaluated in this study. The acute administration of sildenafil showed to be effective in decreasing the systolic (62.4 +/- 12.1 vs 51.5 +/- 9.6 mmHg, CI=95%, p<0.05) and mean (40.7 +/- 7.3 vs 33.8 +/- 7.6 mmHg, CI=95%, p <0.05) pressures of the pulmonary artery. There was also a significant decrease in the pulmonary (4.2 +/- 3 vs 2.0 +/- 0.9 uWood, CI=95%, p<0.05) and systemic vascular resistance (22.9 +/- 6.8 vs 18.6 +/- 4.1 Wood, CI=95%, p<0.05), associated to an increase in the cardiac output (3.28 +/- 0.79 vs 4.12 +/-1.12 uWood, CI=95%, p<0.05) without, however, significantly interfering in the systemic arterial pressure (87.8 +/- 8.2 vs 83.6 +/- 9.1 mmHg, CI=95%, p=0.3). CONCLUSION The sublingual administration of sildenafil is an effective and safe alternative as a vasodilator during the PH reversibility test in patients with heart failure and awaiting a HT.
Thermal Degradation Mechanism of a Thermostable Polyester Stabilized with an Open-Cage Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

A polyester composite was prepared through the polymerization of an unsaturated ester resin with styrene and an open-cage oligomeric silsesquioxane with methacrylate groups. The effect of the open-cage oligomeric silsesquioxane on the thermal stability of the thermostable polyester was studied using both thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The results showed that the methacryl oligomeric silsesquioxane improved the thermal stability of the polyester. The decomposition mechanism of the polyester/oligomer silsesquioxane composite was proposed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the volatiles.
Synthetic cathinone pharmacokinetics, analytical methods, and toxicological findings from human performance and postmortem cases

Abstract Synthetic cathinones are commonly abused novel psychoactive substances (NPS). We present a comprehensive systematic review addressing in vitro and in vivo synthetic cathinone pharmacokinetics, analytical methods for detection and quantification in biological matrices, and toxicological findings from human performance and postmortem toxicology cases. Few preclinical administration studies examined synthetic cathinone pharmacokinetic profiles (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), and only one investigated metabolite pharmacokinetics. Synthetic cathinone metabolic profiling studies, primarily with human liver microsomes, elucidated metabolite structures and identified suitable biomarkers to extend detection windows beyond those provided by parent compounds. Generally, cathinone derivatives underwent ketone reduction, carbonylation of the pyrrolidine ring, and oxidative reactions, with phase II metabolites also detected. Reliable analytical methods are necessary for cathinone identification in biological matrices to document intake and link adverse events to specific compounds and concentrations. NPS analytical methods are constrained in their ability to detect new emerging synthetic cathinones due to limited commercially available reference standards and continuous development of new analogs. Immunoassay screening methods are especially affected, but also gas-chromatography and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry confirmation methods. Non-targeted high-resolution-mass spectrometry screening methods are advantageous, as they allow for retrospective data analysis and easier addition of new synthetic cathinones to existing methods. Lack of controlled administration studies in humans complicate interpretation of synthetic cathinones in biological matrices, as dosing information is typically unknown. Furthermore, antemortem and postmortem concentrations often overlap and the presence of other psychoactive substances are typically found in combination with cathinones derivatives, further confounding result interpretation.