Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Lifestyle Habits, Physical Activity, Anxiety and Basic Psychological Needs in a Sample of Portuguese Adults during COVID-19

This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the lifestyle habits, anxiety levels and basic psychological needs (BPN), in Portuguese adults during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including a comparison between genders and age groups. In total, 1404 adults (36.4 ± 11.7 years; 69.6% female) answered sociodemographic data and three instruments: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Basic Need General Satisfaction Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Males revealed higher values for the total energy expenditure (z = −2.26; p = 0.024; η2 = 0.004) and for the level of satisfaction of competence (z = −2.62; p = 0.009; η2 = 0.005). Females showed higher scores for the anxiety state (z = −7.87; p ≤ 0.001; η2 = 0.044) and anxiety trait (z = −6.49; p ≤ 0.001; η2 = 0.030). Regarding age, higher values for the anxiety trait (p ≤ 0.001; ηH2 = 0.030) were found in the 18–34 years-old group compared to all the other age groups, also presenting significantly higher values of total energy expenditure (χ² = 13.93; p = 0.008; ηH2 = 0.007) when compared to the 35–44 years-old group. Significant differences were observed between the 18–34 years-old group and the other age groups for the satisfaction of competence (χ² = 40.97; p ≤ 0.001; ηH2 = 0.026), except for the >65 years-old group. Strategies for promoting well-being during periods of social isolation should consider the role of psychological dimensions and lifestyle habits according to the gender or age group.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of innate immune signaling via RIG-I–like receptors

Significance RIG-I–like receptors (RLRs) direct innate immunity as our first line of defense against RNA virus infections. Mitochondria were previously established as the platform for RLR-mediated innate immune signaling, based upon crude mitochondrial fractionation studies. By using high resolution subcellular fractionation separating mitochondria from other organelles, electron microscopy, and analysis of spatiotemporal RLR dynamics, we show that activation and regulation of innate immune signaling do not take place on mitochondria but instead occur at membranes derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data argue against the classical view of the spatial organization of innate immune signaling to reveal insights into RLR signaling dynamics and regulation by LGP2. RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 comprise the RIG-I–like receptors (RLRs). RIG-I and MDA5 are essential pathogen recognition receptors sensing viral infections while LGP2 has been described as both RLR cofactor and negative regulator. After sensing and binding to viral RNA, including double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), RIG-I and MDA5 undergo cytosol-to-membrane relocalization to bind and signal through the MAVS adaptor protein on intracellular membranes, thus directing downstream activation of IRF3 and innate immunity. Here, we report examination of the dynamic subcellular localization of all three RLRs within the intracellular response to dsRNA and RNA virus infection. Observations from high resolution biochemical fractionation and electron microscopy, coupled with analysis of protein interactions and IRF3 activation, show that, in resting cells, microsome but not mitochondrial fractions harbor the central components to initiate innate immune signaling. LGP2 interacts with MAVS in microsomes, blocking the RIG-I/MAVS interaction. Remarkably, in response to dsRNA treatment or RNA virus infection, LGP2 is rapidly released from MAVS and redistributed to mitochondria, temporally correlating with IRF3 activation. We reveal that IRF3 activation does not take place on mitochondria but instead occurs at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived membranes. Our observations suggest ER-derived membranes as key RLR signaling platforms controlled through inhibitory actions of LGP2 binding to MAVS wherein LGP2 translocation to mitochondria releases MAVS inhibition to facilitate RLR-mediated signaling of innate immunity.
Development and Application of Non Marine Ingredients Based Diets for Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: Examining the Suitability of Alternative Lipid Sources

6 Introduction 8 Materials and Methods 10 Results 13 Discussion 15 References 19 III. Replacement of fish oil in plant based diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in ponds and green water tanks production Abstract 29 Introduction 31 29 Introduction 31 Materials and Methods 32 Results 40
The Effects of Flooding and Plowing on Foraging Site Selection by Wintering Dabbling Ducks in Rice Fields

Abstract In Japan, Rice Oryza sativa fields are regarded as important sites for wintering waterbirds. Rice fields harbor considerable amounts of post-harvest waste rice, which is an important food resource for dabbling ducks in winter. The availability of rice fields as duck foraging sites is affected by agricultural management methods, harvest methods or post-harvest treatment of residues. In the present study, we examined the effects of two agricultural practices after harvesting, flooding with shallow water and plowing the surface of fields, on foraging site selection by ducks in rice fields near Katano-kamoike, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. To investigate the distribution of duck flocks in rice fields, night censuses were conducted during winters 2004–2005 to 2006–2007. Field conditions (flooded or plowed) in the census area were also recorded. By GLMM model selection, it was shown that water cover had a positive effect on the number of ducks, but post-harvest plowing had a negative effect. Furthermore, the effect of plowing was tested by a field experiment. The initial grain density on the ground was higher at unplowed plots. Unplowed rice fields are considered to be more suitable for ducks as foraging sites, with plowing reducing the attractiveness of rice fields as foraging sites by burying residual rice grains.
MICROCLIMATE VERSUS PREDATION RISK IN ROOST AND COVERT SELECTION BY BOBWHITES

Abstract Knowledge of factors that influence habitat selection by wildlife leads to better understanding of habitat ecology and management. Therefore, we compared microclimate and predation risk as factors influencing the selection of stopping points (mid-day coverts, nocturnal roosts) by northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). Stopping points were located using radiomarked bobwhites in the Texas Panhandle, USA, during 2002–2003. We obtained blackbody temperatures of microclimates and assessed predation risk (angles of obstruction for aerial predators, vegetation profiles for terrestrial predators) at stopping points and paired random points. Summer coverts showed fewer degree-minutes of hyperthermic exposure (blackbody temperatures > 39°C; x̄ = 655.0, SE = 4.1 for coverts, x̄ = 2,255.5, SE = 4.9 for random; 1200–1600 hr) and a lower risk to predators (e.g., 95% confidence intervals [CIs] of angles of obstruction = 87.8–90.8° for coverts, 55.9–70.6° for random). Summer roost temperatures were similar to paired random sites (x̄ = 13.9°C, SE = 0.6 for roost, x̄ = 13.9°C, SE = 0.7 for random) as were winter roost temperatures (x̄ = −1.3°C, SE = 0.7 for roosts, x̄ = −1.4°C, SE = 0.8 for random). There were minor issues of habitat selection of winter or summer roosts based on predation risk (e.g., 95% CIs of vegetation profiles of summer roosts and random sites did not overlap at lower strata). We concluded other selection factors likely exist for winter roosts because microclimate and predation risk assessments between winter roosts and random sites showed no difference. Similarly, other selection factors may exist for summer roosts, as they showed only a weak difference in terrestrial predation risk and no difference in microclimate in comparison to random sites. We concluded microclimate was the primary selection factor for coverts because prevention of hyperthermia necessitated that bobwhites select cooler microclimates within the study area.
Putative resistance genes in the CitEST database

Abstract Disease resistance in plants is usually associated with the activation of a wide variety of defense responses to pre-vent pathogen replication and/or movement. The ability of the host plant to recognize the pathogen and to activatedefense responses is regulated by direct or indirect interaction between the products of plant resistance (R) andpathogen avirulence (Avr) genes. Attempted infection of plants by avirulent pathogens elicits a battery of defensesoften followed by the collapse of the challenged host cells. Localized host cell death may help to prevent the patho-gen from spreading to uninfected tissues, known as hypersensitive response (HR). When either the plant or thepathogen lacks its cognate gene, activation of the plant’s defense responses fails to occur or is delayed and does notprevent pathogen colonization. In the CitEST database, we identified 1,300 reads related to Rgenes in Citruswhichhave been reported in other plant species. These reads were translated in silico, and alignments of their amino acidsequences revealed the presence of characteristic domains and motifs that are specific to Rgene classes. The de-scription of the reads identified suggests that they function as resistance genes in citrus.
Decreased Longevity and Enhancement of Age-Dependent Lesions in Mice Lacking the Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα)

The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is activated by peroxisome proliferators (PP), a large class of structurally diverse xenobiotic chemicals, hypolipidemic drugs, and endogenous lipids. PPARα alters the transcriptional programs of genes whose functions include lipid metabolism, inflammation, cell fate, and stress responses in liver, heart, kidney, and skin. Many of these genes are also under control of PPARα in the absence of exogenous peroxisome proliferator exposure. Mice that lack PPAR α (PPARα-null mice) exhibit a number of defects in lipid metabolism and accumulate lipids in the liver. Here, we compared the age-dependent lesions in the liver, kidney, and heart in PPARα-null mice with those observed in wild-type SV129 mice, in the absence of exogenous chemical exposure. Groups of mice were sacrificed, at 6, 12, 18, 21, or 24 months of age, or allowed to age until moribund or found dead. PPARα-null mice had decreased longevity, due to a variety of causes. Statistically significant differences in the occurrence of a number of lesions between strains was observed. Hepatocellular carcinomas and multiple hepatocellular adenomas occurred in PPARα-null mice but not wild type mice. Various nonneoplastic spontaneous aging lesions occurred at higher incidence, shorter latency, or increased severity in PPARα-null mice compared with wild-type mice. In the liver, these included vacuolated hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells and mixed cell inflammation. The kidneys of PPARα-null mice exhibited higher incidences and severities of cortical mineralization. Minimal myocardial mineralization occurred at a higher incidence in PPARα-null mice. Our results imply that PPARα delays the development of some spontaneous lesions associated with aging in the liver, kidney, and heart of SV129 mice.
Islamic lifestyle and Emine Beder’s TV cookery show Kitchen Love

Turkish television has seen the diversification of themes and genres in both fictional and factual programmes reflecting the expansion of the television market in the 2000s. As well as thematic television channels, various television shows on cooking and food are currently on air in Turkey. These cookery programmes not only introduce and ‘re-invent’ local recipes from different regions of Turkey but also promote particular lifestyles and consumption patterns for the audience. However, in the case of Turkey, cookery programmes draw comparisons between Islamic and secular lifestyles through combining religious tales with personal stories, local ingredients with global recipes and suggested housework strategies for producing tasteful food. This article examines Kitchen Love, a cookery programme presented by Emine Beder, one of the pioneers of culinary consumption as a form of popular culture. Both Emine Beder’s public persona and her show frame food and cooking as part of an Islamic identity that negotiates Islamic values in relation to modern lifestyles and patterns of consumption.
Genetic differences among brown trout, Salmo trutta, stocks and their importance for the conservation and management of the species

SUMMARY. 1. Review of published studies on genetic variation, as shown by electrophoretic studies of protein variation, in natural brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations from Britain and Ireland, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. , revealed abundant geographical variation in gene frequency with individual populations containing only a limited part of the gene diversity of the species. 2. Thirty-eight (54%) of the seventy gene loci examined have been found to be polymorphic in the species with an average population showing polymorphism at 16% of its loci (range 0-34.8%). 3. The brown trout is naturally subdivided into a large number of reproductively isolated and genetically distinct populations within, as well as among, drainages. 4. Two independent post-glacial colonizations, by genetically distinct races, followed by independent evolution in separate drainages over the past 13,000 years is seen as responsible for the genetic diversity of brown trout in north-western Europe. 5. Many genetically unique populations have been lost in the past 100 years and there is an urgent need to identify and conserve the remaining genetic diversity. Genetically unique populations are an irreplaceable resource for rational management in relation to angling and future aquaculture potential.
Opportunities for quantitative translational modelling in Oncology.

A two-day meeting was held by members of the UK Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Network [] in November 2018 on the topic of Translational Challenges in Oncology. Participants from a wide range of backgrounds were invited to discuss current and emerging modelling applications in nonclinical and clinical drug development, and to identify areas for improvement. This resulting perspective explores opportunities for impactful quantitative pharmacology approaches. Four key themes arose from the presentations and discussions that were held, leading to the following recommendations: -Evaluate the predictivity and reproducibility of animal cancer models through pre-competitive collaboration -Apply mechanism of action (MoA) based mechanistic models derived from nonclinical data to clinical trial data -Apply MoA reflective models across trial data sets to more robustly quantify the natural history of disease and response to differing interventions -Quantify more robustly the dose and concentration dependence of adverse events through mathematical modelling techniques and modified trial design.
Reversible accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoate and catechol determines the sequential decomposition of phenolic compounds in mixed substrate cultivations in pseudomonads

Accumulation of key catabolic intermediates during degradation of phenol, p-cresol and benzoate was studied in two-substrate batch cultivations by the strains Pseudomonas mendocina PC1, Pseudomonas fluorescens PC18 and P. fluorescens PC24. According to sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes the strains belonged to different monophyletic clusters of Pseudomonas. The catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) gene, xylE, of strain PC1 and the phenol monooxygenase gene, pheA, of PC24 were localised on the chromosome, while the C23O gene, xylE, of strain PC18 and the p-cresol methylhydroxylase gene, pchF, of strains PC18 and PC24 were on plasmids. It was shown that, if the substrates were degraded from mixtures using either catechol meta, catechol ortho or catechol ortho and protocatechuate ortho pathways, then both substrates were catabolised simultaneously (nondiauxic growth) without the accumulation of intermediates. Exceptionally, degradation of phenol and benzoate via the catechol ortho pathway caused irreversible accumulation of cis,cis-muconate without detectable effect on simultaneous consumption of substrates. When the substrates were degraded from mixtures through meta and ortho catabolic pathways, the sequential consumption of substrates (diauxic growth) was observed due to the reversible accumulation of the catabolic intermediates p-hydroxybenzoate or catechol. Regulation of parallel catabolic pathways by the accumulation of catabolic intermediates depended on the concentration of growth substrates. At low concentrations simultaneous degradation occurred and the antagonistic effect of p-hydroxybenzoate on the degradation of phenol was diminished. In strain PC18 only the accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoate during growth on a phenol–p-cresol mixture seems to be directly metabolically regulated because phenol also induces the catabolic pathway for p-cresol degradation. Partial sequencing of the pchF genes of strains PC18 and PC24 showed considerable differences.
T-DNA direct repeat, vector backbone and gene trap counter selection by a new vector (pNU435) for high throughput functional genomics

The nature of T-DNA/Ds insertion decides the utility of launch pad lines for iAc/Ds based insertional mutagenesis. Direct or inverted T-DNA/Ds repeats and insertions with vector backbone lead to poor recovery of flanking sequences; whereas T-DNA/Ds insertion leading to gene trap would limit the use of such launch pad lines. A new Ds tagging/trapping vector, pNU435 containing two copies of introninterrupted barnase was used in tomato to counter select such T-DAN/Ds insertions. T1 and T2 plants generated in this study were devoid of direct repeats, vector backbone and gene traps as evidenced by the lack of barnase expression. Further evidence based on the LB flanking sequence recovered through TAIL-PCR did not show any vector backbone or direct repeats. But two out of six plants showed inverted repeats. Genome search with LB flanking sequence indicated that the insertions were not in genic region, and hence not led to gene traps. pNU435 with features for counter selecting undesirable T-DNA/Ds insertions can be employed for high throughput functional genomics.
Developments in Structural Genomics: Protein Purification and Function Interpretation

As more and more genomes have been sequenced, the hotspot of biological science is moving from the study on nucleic acids to that on proteins. One of the most representative affairs in this era is the launching of projects focusing on the high throughput determination of the protein three dimensional structures in a genome scale, named structural genomics projects. The common objective of the pilot projects is construction of a platform to clone hundreds to thousands of targets, and purify, at the first stage, the highly expressed and soluble proteins, then solve dozens to hundred of structures by means of X-ray crystallography or NMR. The first bottleneck in this pipeline is obtaining manipulable quantity (milligram level according to the necessity of the current crystallographic or NMR technology) of soluble proteins, which are properly folded. For this purpose, a series of methodologies have been established. His-tag makes it possible to purify the desired protein from the crude extract of the host cells or the mix of in vitro expression system in a single step of affinity purification. Beyond His-tag and other short affinity tags, a series of fusion tags have been developed for the purpose of solubility enhancement. Many expression hosts based on bacterium Escherichia coli or yeast Pichia pastoris have been constructed to express heterologous proteins. The influences of temperature during induction and co-expression with chaperones are systematically investigated. The effects of the N-terminal tags, either small or big ones, are examined and compared with those carrying a tag at the C-terminus. Some techniques of in vitro evolution are transferred and applied to increase the expression level and solubility of the targets. These efforts are helpful, at least at one hand, for speeding up the production of folded and concentrated proteins, the sample feeding the crystallographers and NMR spectroscopists. Furthermore three newly determined structures by the pilot structural genomics projects were shown to demonstrate how to decipher biological function from the 3-D structure of a novel protein and how to interpret the structure-function relationship and its application on drug design. In present paper, we review the popular techniques applied in the current structural genomics projects, their effects and possible improvements in the future, especially those for protein preparation and function interpretation.
DNA cleavage agents from Schisandra propinqua var. sinensis

Constituents of Schisandra propinqua (Wall.) Bail var. sinensis Oliv were investigated and 8 compounds were isolated from the stems and their structures were elucidated as (+)-catechin (1), (-)-gallocatechin (2), p-(2 -hydroxyethyl)-phenol-D-glucopyranoside (3), daucosterol (4), manwuweizic acid (5), cerotic acid 1-monoglyceride (6), octocosoic acid (7) and -sitosterol (8) respectively. Based on MS and NMR techniques, (+)-Catechin, (-)-gallocatechin, p-(2 -hydroxyethyl)-phenol-β-D-glucopyranoside, manwuweizic acid, cerotic acid 1-monoglyceride and octocosoic acid were isolated from the plant for the first time. (+)-Catechin and (-)-gallocatechin mediated DNA cleavage with good efficiency at 1 μg/ml. (-)-Gallocatechin show DNA strand-scission activity for the first time.
An in situ enclosure experiment to test the solar UVB impact on plankton in a high-altitude mountain lake. I. Lack of effect on phytoplankton species composition and growth

The effect of solar UVB radiation on the growth and species composition of phytoplankton from a high-mountain lake (2417 m a.s.l.) was studied in situ for 16 days in two enclosures of 1 m-\ receiving either full sunlight or sunlight without UVB. A total of 20 species were identified in both enclosures, consisting mainly of dinoflagellates, chrysophytes and diatoms. During the experiment, there were no significant differences in phytoplankton species composition between the two enclos- ures. In both treatments, the abundance of phytoplankton increased continuously, and chlorophyll a changed by -5-fold. We observed high fluctuations in the abundance of several species. However, these fluctuations occurred in both enclosures, and hence they were not related to UVB radiation. Some species were affected by daily fluctuations of radiation (UVA + photosynthetically active radi- ation). Cyclotella aff. gordonensis showed a robust positive correlation, whereas species of Gymno- dimum were negatively correlated. For most species, the sensitivity to radiation found during the experiment was consistent with their diurnal vertical distribution in the lake. Our findings suggest that the phytoplankton from this very clear lake (10% of the surface UVB radiation at 305 nm reached 9.6 m depth) were well adapted to the high UVB radiation characteristic of high-elevation sites.