Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of ketamine‐xylazine anaesthetic dose and its association with changes in the dendritic spine of CA1 hippocampus in the young and old male and female Wistar rats

Abstract Background A combination of ketamine‐xylazine (K‐X) is frequently used for anaesthesia in rats. Sex and age affect this cocktail dosage. Ketamine causes a hypnotic effect by blocking NMDA receptors located on the dendritic spine of the CA1 region. Objectives The present study aimed to find the optimal dosage of K‐X and its association with the changes in dendritic spine number of the CA1 region for aged and young rats of both sexes. Methods We injected 150–4 mg/kg of K‐X in young and 100–2 mg/kg in aged Wistar rats intraperitoneally and recorded the onset time and duration of anaesthesia and death percentage. Then, animals were sacrificed, brains removed, cut and after Golgi‐Cox staining, the total number of dendritic spines on CA1 was estimated. Results The findings showed that the onset time of anaesthesia lasted longer and its duration lasted shorter, and the number of mature spines decreased with aging, but sex caused no significant effect. The death percentages in young groups comprise 20% and in the aged groups were lower: 5% in males and 0.0% in females. Conclusions It seems 100–2 mg/kg of K‐X is an optimal dose in aged rats and retains an association with reduction of the mature dendritic spine of CA1.
ICBatlas: A comprehensive resource for depicting immune checkpoint blockade therapy characteristics from transcriptome profiles.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy provides remarkable clinical benefits for multiple cancer types. Much work is currently being conducted to investigate the mechanisms of ICB therapy at the transcriptional level. Integrating the data produced by these studies will help us give more insight into the transcriptomic features of ICB therapy. We collected the transcriptome and clinical data of ICB-treated patient samples from the GEO, ArrayExpress, TCGA, and dbGaP databases. Based on the clinical information, all samples are initially classified into response/non-response or pre-treatment/on-treatment groups. Differential expression, pathway enrichment, and immune cell infiltration analyses are performed between the samples from different groups. We also introduce the Response Score (RS) calculated by integrating the variability degree and the frequency of the dysregulated genes in the responders to evaluate the impact of gene expression on the response. Finally, all the abovementioned contents are integrated into the ICBatlas database. ICBatlas provides the transcriptome features of ICB therapy through the analysis of 1515 ICB-treated samples from 25 studies across nine cancer types. The data in ICBatlas include clinical outcomes, treatment-related genes, biological pathways, and immune cell infiltration. Users can investigate the abovementioned transcriptome features in the Response (R vs. NR) or Treatment (Pre vs. On) modules at the dataset, cancer type, or immune checkpoint level and compare the degree of gene impact on the response in the RS module. ICBatlas is the first database to show the transcriptome features on ICB therapy in human cancers and freely available at http://bioinfo.life. hust.edu. cn/ICBatlas/.
Longdan Xiegan formula as adjuvant therapy for acute herpes zoster: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Longdan Xiegan (LDXG) decoction, an ancient Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used in treating herpes zoster. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate whether LDXG formula as adjuvant therapy had additional benefits in acute herpes zoster patients. Two authors independently searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wanfang database from their inception to July 31, 2021. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the add‐on effects of LDXG formula (decoction, capsule, or pill) in the management of acute herpes zoster were included. Nine RCTs with 821 patients were identified. A random effect model meta‐analyses showed that LDXG formula plus conventional therapy significantly reduced the time to blister resolution (weighted mean difference [WMD] ‐1.31 days; 95% confidence intervals [CI] −1.56 to −1.06), time to crust formation (WMD −1.91 days; 95% CI −2.31 to −1.50), time to pain resolution (WMD ‐2.13 days; 95% CI ‐2.65 to −1.60), pain intensity assessed by visual analogue scale (WMD −1.13; 95% CI ‐2.03 to −0.24), and incidence of persistent pain (risk ratio [RR] 0.28; 95% CI 0.15–0.50) compared with the conventional therapy alone. However, the overall certainty of evidence was very low to moderate. LDXG formula as adjuvant therapy may achieve additional benefits in terms of accelerating skin healing process, relieving pain symptoms, and preventing persistent pain in acute herpes zoster patients. However, interpretation of these findings should be considered the presence of statistical heterogeneity and/or unclear risk of bias.
Modeling of an ocean waves power device AWS

This paper describes the steps for building the time domain model of an ocean waves energy converter device called AWS (Archimedes wave swing). This model is useful for the design of such devices and for the prediction of its behavior in different sea conditions. Besides the inherent complexity associated to the nonlinear dynamics of the AWS components, for time domain simulation, a convolution integral is conventionally used to model the hydrodynamic diffraction and radiation forces, being the last one characterized in the frequency domain by the added mass and damping. However, this integral is relatively expensive to evaluate and difficult to use with efficient integration routines. Here, an efficient methodology mixing frequency-and time-domains is introduced to deal with this problem. The wave transfer functions were first obtained from a numerical finite element code, as vectors containing the frequency response of the desired transfer functions. The data obtained is then used to identify the corresponding analytic form of the transfer functions, which is integrated in the time-domain model. The model includes the slow and fast dynamics of the AWS behavior.
Opioid Utility and Hospital Outcomes Among Inpatients Admitted With Osteoarthritis and Spine Disorders

Abstract Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate opioid analgesic utilization and predictors for adverse events during hospitalization and discharge disposition among patients admitted with osteoarthritis or spine disorders. Design This is a retrospective study of 12,747 adult patients admitted to six private community hospitals from 2017 to 2020. Opioid use during hospitalization and risk factors for hospital-acquired adverse events and nonhome discharge were investigated. Results The total number of patients using opioids decreased; however, the daily morphine milligram equivalent use for patients on opioids increased from 2017 to 2020. Increased odds of nonhome discharge were associated with older age, Medicaid, Medicare insurance, and increased lengths of stay, increased body mass index, daily morphine milligram equivalent, and electrolyte replacement in the osteoarthritis group. In the spine group, older age, Black race, Medicaid, Medicare, no insurance, increased Charlson Comorbidity Index, lengths of stay, polypharmacy, and heparin use were associated with nonhome discharge. Adverse events were associated with increased age, lengths of stay, Medicare, polypharmacy, antiemetic, and benzodiazepine use in the osteoarthritis group and increased Charlson Comorbidity Index, lengths of stay, and electrolyte replacement in the spine group. Conclusions Despite the decreasing number of patients using opioids over the years, patients on opioids had an increased daily morphine milligram equivalent over the same period.
Immunophenotypic and molecular profile of cancer stem‐cell markers in ex vivo canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT)

Abstract Background Several studies have attempted to characterise the origin of canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT). However, the participation of cancer stem cells (CSC) has not been reported Objectives Herein we describe the expression patterns of CSC markers CD44, CD34, CD90 and CD133 in CTVT Methods Thirty‐eight samples were selected and assessed through flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry Results and conclusions Twenty‐two tumours were classified as plasmacytoid and 16 as mixed. Almost all tumours showed high CD44 and low CD34 levels. CD133 and CD90 expression varied among tumours. Cytological groups did not differ in the proportion of CSC markers. Our results suggest that CSC subpopulations might participate in CTVT.
Self‐esteem in the context of intimate partner violence: A concept analysis

Abstract AIM To explore the meaning of self‐esteem in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV). Background IPV is a preventable public health issue. The dynamic of IPV diminishes women's self‐esteem. Defining self‐esteem will guide the development of IPV interventions in healthcare settings. Design Walker and Avant's eight‐step approach was used. Data Source The search was conducted from Oxford Dictionary of English online, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, PubMed, Women's Studies International, and Google Scholar. Review Methods No limits on the year of publication were applied. Results Defining attributes of self‐esteem are self‐concept, self‐affirmation, and self‐respect. Antecedents of self‐esteem are exposure to IPV and victim‐blaming attitudes by healthcare professionals. Consequences include depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Empirical referents include self‐worth, self‐competence, self‐blame, self‐evaluation, self‐confidence, and self‐determination. Conclusions Current literature is limited in its definition of self‐esteem in the context of IPV. Women experiencing IPV with low self‐esteem might not seek help for IPV from nurses. Nurses could develop culturally appropriate IPV screening tools that assess the changes in self‐esteem among women from different sociodemographic and cultural backgrounds. The defining attributes could contribute to developing comprehensive IPV screening tools in healthcare settings.
Domain function and predicted structure of three heterodimeric endonuclease subunits of RNA editing catalytic complexes in Trypanosoma brucei

Abstract Each of the three similar RNA Editing Catalytic Complexes (RECCs) that perform gRNA-directed uridine insertion and deletion during Trypanosoma brucei mitochondrial (mt) mRNA editing has a distinct endonuclease activity that requires two related RNase III proteins, with only one competent for catalysis. We identified multiple loss-of-function mutations in the RNase III and other motifs of the non-catalytic KREPB6, KREPB7, and KREPB8 components by random mutagenesis and screening. These mutations had various effects on growth, editing, and both the abundances and RECC associations of these RNase III protein pairs in bloodstream form (BF) and procyclic form (PF) cells. Protein structure modelling predicted that the Zinc Finger (ZnF) of each paired RNase III protein contacts RNA positioned at the heterodimeric active site which is flanked by helices of a novel RNase III-Associated Motif (RAM). The results indicate that the protein domains of the non-catalytic subunits function together in RECC integrity, substrate binding, and editing site recognition during the multistep RNA editing process. Additionally, several mutants display distinct functional consequences in different life cycle stages. These results highlight the complementary roles of protein pairs and three RECCs within the complicated T. brucei mRNA editing machinery that matures mt mRNAs differentially between developmental stages.
METTL23 mutation alters histone H3R17 methylation in normal-tension glaucoma

Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death leading to cupping of the optic nerve head and visual field loss at normal intraocular pressure (IOP). The pathogenesis of NTG remains unclear. Here, we describe a single nucleotide mutation in exon 2 of the methyltransferase-like 23 (METTL23) gene identified in 3 generations of a Japanese family with NTG. This mutation caused METTL23 mRNA aberrant splicing, which abolished normal protein production and altered subcellular localization. Mettl23–knock-in (Mettl23+/G and Mettl23G/G) and -knockout (Mettl23+/– and Mettl23–/–) mice developed a glaucoma phenotype without elevated IOP. METTL23 is a histone arginine methyltransferase expressed in murine and macaque RGCs. However, the novel mutation reduced METTL23 expression in RGCs of Mettl23G/G mice, which recapitulated both clinical and biological phenotypes. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that METTL23 catalyzed the dimethylation of H3R17 in the retina and was required for the transcription of pS2, an estrogen receptor α target gene that was critical for RGC homeostasis through the negative regulation of NF-κB–mediated TNF-α and IL-1β feedback. These findings suggest an etiologic role of METTL23 in NTG with tissue-specific pathology.
A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis revealed novel MicroRNA biomarkers of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is categorized as a neurodegenerative disorder. Different studies have focused on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) on PD progression. Due to its complexity in initiation and progression, a considerable requirement has arisen to identify novel miRNA biomarkers in a noninvasive manner. In silico analysis has been used to select differentially expressed miRNAs (DE‐miRNAs) and key pathways in this disease. In this manner, several data sets of different neurodegenerative diseases have been analyzed to purify the findings of the present study. Totally, 15 DE miRNAs showed significant changes compared to healthy controls and other neurodegenerative diseases. Then, the targets of the miRNAs were predicted through miRTarBase and TargetScan databases. Besides, enrichment analysis was implemented for predicted target genes. Most of the target genes were enriched in the TRAIL signaling pathway, Regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and Cytoplasm. Moreover, a protein−protein interaction network was constructed to find the most key DE miRNAs and targets in this disease. The results of the present study may help researchers shed light on the discovery of novel biomarkers for PD.
LOCAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATIONS OF THE COLLISIONLESS MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY

The magnetorotational instability (MRI) is a crucial mechanism of angular momentum transport in a variety of astrophysical accretion disks. In systems accreting at well below the Eddington rate, such as the central black hole in the Milky Way (Sgr A*), the plasma in the disk is essentially collisionless. We present a nonlinear study of the collisionless MRI using first-principles particle-in-cell plasma simulations. We focus on local two-dimensional (axisymmetric) simulations, deferring more realistic three-dimensional simulations to future work. For simulations with net vertical magnetic flux, the MRI continuously amplifies the magnetic field, B, until the Alfvén velocity, vA, is comparable to the speed of light, c (independent of the initial value of vA/c). This is consistent with the lack of saturation of MRI channel modes in analogous axisymmetric MHD simulations. The amplification of the magnetic field by the MRI generates a significant pressure anisotropy in the plasma (with the pressure perpendicular to B being larger than the parallel pressure). We find that this pressure anisotropy in turn excites mirror modes and that the volume-averaged pressure anisotropy remains near the threshold for mirror mode excitation. Particle energization is due to both reconnection and viscous heating associated with the pressure anisotropy. Reconnection produces a distinctive power-law component in the energy distribution function of the particles, indicating the likelihood of non-thermal ion and electron acceleration in collisionless accretion disks. This has important implications for interpreting the observed emission—from the radio to the gamma-rays—of systems such as Sgr A*.
Naturalistic speech supports distributional learning across contexts

Significance Languages differ in the speech sounds they use, and humans need to learn which sounds their language uses. This learning starts early. By age 1, infants have already tuned into their language(s): their ability to hear sound distinctions from their language(s) improves, while they often lose the ability to hear other sound distinctions. Understanding how this early learning proceeds is important as it serves as a foundation for later development; however, it has proven difficult to identify a learning mechanism that works on the true input infants hear. We present an account for how infants learn the speech contrasts of their language and show that the necessary signal is present in naturalistic speech, advancing our understanding of early language learning.
Test–retest reliability of diffusion tensor imaging scalars in 5‐year‐olds

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has provided great insights into the microstructural features of the developing brain. However, DTI images are prone to several artifacts and the reliability of DTI scalars is of paramount importance for interpreting and generalizing the findings of DTI studies, especially in the younger population. In this study, we investigated the intrascan test–retest repeatability of four DTI scalars: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in 5‐year‐old children (N = 67) with two different data preprocessing approaches: a volume censoring pipeline and an outlier replacement pipeline. We applied a region of interest (ROI) and a voxelwise analysis after careful quality control, tensor fitting and tract‐based spatial statistics. The data had three subsets and each subset included 31, 32, or 33 directions thus a total of 96 unique uniformly distributed diffusion encoding directions per subject. The repeatability of DTI scalars was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(3,1)) and the variability between test and retest subsets. The results of both pipelines yielded good to excellent (ICC(3,1) > 0.75) reliability for most of the ROIs and an overall low variability (<10%). In the voxelwise analysis, FA and RD had higher ICC(3,1) values compared to AD and MD and the variability remained low (<12%) across all scalars. Our results suggest high intrascan repeatability in pediatric DTI and lend confidence to the use of the data in future cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies.
When work–family guilt becomes a women's issue: Internalized gender stereotypes predict high guilt in working mothers but low guilt in working fathers

Abstract Gender stereotypes prescribe mothers, but not fathers, to prioritize their family over their work. Therefore, internalization of gender stereotypes may predict higher guilt among mothers than fathers in situations in which they prioritize their work over their family. Study 1 (135 mothers and 116 fathers) indeed revealed that the stronger fathers' implicit gender stereotypes (measured with a gender‐career implicit association task) the less guilt fathers reported in a fictitious work‐interfering‐with‐family situation. Although mothers on average reported higher guilt than fathers, this effect was not moderated by their implicit gender stereotypes. Study 2 (daily diary study among 105 mothers), however, did reveal evidence for the moderating effect of implicit gender stereotypes on working mothers' guilt. The stronger mothers' implicit gender stereotypes the more work–family conflict and guilt they reported on days that they worked long hours. These results show that implicit gender stereotypes shape how parents feel about their work–family choices.
Influence of finite spatial coherence on ptychographic reconstruction

X-ray ptychography is an ultrahigh-resolution scanning coherent diffractive imaging technique, allowing quantitative measurements of extended samples and a simultaneous reconstruction of the illuminating wavefront. Recent development of the mixed-state reconstruction algorithm has triggered a certain interest in utilizing partially coherent X-ray sources for ptychography. Here, we study how finite spatial coherence influences the reconstructed image of a test structure. Our work shows that use of a highly coherent illumination provides images with better spatial resolution and fewer artefacts than the approach with partial coherence.
Investigating Functional Network Abnormalities and Associations With Disability in Multiple Sclerosis

Background and Objectives In multiple sclerosis (MS), functional networks undergo continuous reconfiguration and topography changes over the disease course. In this study, we aimed to investigate functional network to pography abnormalities in MS and their association with disease phenotype, clinical and cognitive disability, and structural MRI damage. Methods This is a multicenter cross-sectional study. Enrolled participants performed MRI and neurologic and neuropsychological assessment. Network topography was assessed on resting state fMRI data using degree centrality, which counted the number of functional connections of each gray matter voxel with the rest of the brain. SPM12 age-adjusted, sex-adjusted, scanner-adjusted, framewise displacement, and gray matter–volume adjusted analysis of variance and multivariable regressions were used (p < 0.05, family-wise error [FWE] corrected). Results We enrolled 971 patients with MS (624 female patients; mean age = 43.1 ± 11.8 years; 47 clinically isolated syndrome [CIS], 704 relapsing-remitting MS [RRMS], 145 secondary progressive MS [SPMS], and 75 primary progressive MS [PPMS]) and 330 healthy controls (186 female patients; mean age = 41.2 ± 13.3 years). Patients with MS showed reduced centrality in the salience and sensorimotor networks as well as increased centrality in the default-mode network vs controls (p < 0.05, FWE). Abnormal centrality was already found in CIS vs controls and in RRMS vs CIS (p < 0.001, uncorrected); however, it became more severe in SPMS vs RRMS (p < 0.05, FWE) and in PPMS vs controls (p < 0.001, uncorrected). Cognitively impaired patients (39%) showed reduced centrality in the salience network and increased centrality in the default-mode network vs cognitively preserved patients (p < 0.001, conjunction analysis). More severe disability correlated with increased centrality in the right precuneus (r = 0.18, p < 0.05 FWE). Higher T2 lesion volume and brain/gray matter atrophy were associated with reduced centrality in the bilateral insula and cerebellum (r = range −0.17/−0.15 and 0.26/0.28, respectively; p < 0.05, FWE). Higher brain/gray matter atrophy was also associated with increased centrality in the default-mode network (r = range −0.31/−0.22, p < 0.05, FWE). Discussion Patients with MS presented with reduced centrality in the salience and primary sensorimotor networks and increased centrality in the default-mode network. Centrality abnormalities were specific for different disease phenotypes and associated with clinical and cognitive disability, hence suggesting that voxel-wise centrality analysis may reflect pathologic substrates underpinning disability accrual.