Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency among Preschool Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in lower-income countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to show the magnitude of vitamin A deficiency among preschoolers in Ethiopia. Objective The present study was aimed at synthesizing qualitatively and quantitatively the existing literature on the prevalence of VAD in preschool children in Ethiopia. Methods Studies were searched through the search engine of Google Scholar, Hinari, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Africa-Wide Information. Searching was made using the keywords/MeSH of vitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia, night blindness, Bitot's spot, retinol, children, and Ethiopia. Data were analyzed and compared with the WHO threshold criteria to declare a public health problem. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using a Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. A random-effects model with 95% confidence interval was used for prevalence estimations. Results Of the 13 studies included in clinical analysis, 12 of them reported the prevalence of night blindness and/or Bitot's spot among preschool children in Ethiopia which was above WHO cutoff point for the public health problem 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of night blindness significantly decreased from moderate public health problem 4.2% (95% CI: 2.8%-5.7%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to mild public health problem 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%-1.0%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Furthermore, statistically insignificant reduction was observed in the prevalence of Bitot's spot in a period from 1990 to 2004, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.2%) to 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.3%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Among 8 studies on subclinical vitamin A deficiency, 7 of them indicated a severe public health problem (>20%). The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency decreased from 55.7% (95% CI: 39.8%-71.6%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to 28.3% (95% CI: 9.8%-46.7%) in a period from 2005 to 2019, but not statistically significant. Conclusions Despite the reduced proportion of night blindness and Bitot's spot, still both clinical and subclinical vitamin A deficiencies remain a public health problem in Ethiopia requiring strengthen intervention through the newly initiated health extension program.
Machine Learning For Prediction Of Malicious Or SPAM Users On Social Networks

: The use of social networking is very much prevalent now a days as a part of an individual for interaction with friends and family. The reason of such development is the limited time and greater geographical distances between the net users. Further it provide the easy mean for interacting. But at the same time the social interaction platforms are very much at the target of spammers and content polluters. In this regards it is very high time for researchers to explore and provide the necessary framework for monitoring and identifying such individuals and bots which are based on machine learning approach. A manual way of identifications using human intervention is definitely a very time consuming and rigorous process. In this paper a provisioning of machine learning based approach based on artificial neural networks usage in determined for identifications of such bots or individuals. Various types of neural networks and tier relative outcomes are compared and evaluated for spam identification in this paper.
Lipid Profile in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome and obesity contribute to the metabolic problems that reproductiveage women experience. Objective: This research aimed to examine the effect of abdominal obesity using BMI and the waist/hip ratio [WHR] on metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was carried out on eighty [80] women, aged 20- 35 years-old attending the Gynecology Clinic of Zagazig and Al-Ahrar Educational Hospital. The selected cases were divided into four groups after taking a written or verbal consent to be included in the study: Group I: Twenty cases of obese PCOS, Group II: Twenty cases of non-obese PCOS, Group III: Twenty cases of obese non-PCOS and Group IV: Twenty cases of non-obese non- PCOS. Results: Lipid profile in obese PCOS and non obese PCOS demonstrated statistically highly significant difference between both groups regarding serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides and serum low density lipoprotein [LDL]. There was a statistically insignificant differences between both groups as regard serum very low density lipoprotein [VLDL]. Conclusions: This study showed that women with PCOS had atherogenic lipoprotein profile characterized by increased cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides especially in obese group, which might be a risk factor for developing cardiovascular complication.
Localization of the occluded vessel in acute myocardial infarction

This is a review of features in ECG to diagnose the culprit artery responsible for the infarction. Localization of the occluded vessel in acute myocardial infarction is important for many reasons: to know which artery is to dilate and stent; to assess the severity of the lesion; to compare with the echocardiographic area with hypokinesia or akinesia and to differentiate the recent from the old occluded vessel. The ST-segment changes in 12-lead ECG form the basis of diagnosis, management, and prognosis.
Health and Functional Literacy in Physical Rehabilitation Patients

Background: People with disabilities, who face multiple barriers to care, experience health disparities, yet few studies have measured health literacy in this population. Objective: This study evaluated functional literacy, health literacy, fluid cognitive function, and self-reported health in people who live in community dwellings with spinal cord injury, stroke, or traumatic brain injury. Methods: Participants with a traumatic spinal cord injury, stroke, or traumatic brain injury, one-year postinjury, and age 18 to 85 years, completed a battery of instruments at three medical centers in the Midwestern U.S.: functional literacy (word recognition, vocabulary knowledge), health literacy (comprehension of prose, document, and quantitative health information), fluid cognitive function (memory, executive function, and processing speed), and patient-reported outcomes (mobility, fatigue, sadness, anxiety, social function, and overall health). Key Results: There were strong correlations between functional literacy, health literacy, and fluid cognitive function. After adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, higher health literacy was associated with better mobility, less anxiety, and better overall health; higher functional literacy was associated with less anxiety and better overall health; and higher fluid cognitive function was associated with better mobility, less sadness, better social function, and better overall health. Conclusions: To effectively address limited health literacy among people with spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury, and ensure that they are able to be informed partners in their health care, intervention is required at the level of patients, providers, and health care delivery systems. A special consideration is to ensure that health information is both well-targeted to people's health literacy levels and accessible for people with a range of physical, cognitive, and sensory limitations. The multimedia self-administered health literacy measure used in this study could be useful to rehabilitation providers and designers of health information and interfaces. [Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2017;1(2):e71–e85. ] Plain Language Summary: Health literacy represents people's abilities to obtain, understand, and use health information to make informed decisions about their health and health care. People with disabilities face physical, attitudinal, economic, and structural barriers to care. Consideration of health literacy in rehabilitation practice can enhance the effectiveness of the patient-clinician relationship and help address the needs of this population.
Using isotopes to understand evaporation, moisture stress and re-wetting in catchment forest and grassland soils of the summer drought of 2018

Abstract. In drought sensitive lowland catchments, ecohydrological feedbacks to climatic anomalies can give valuable insights into ecosystem functioning in the context of alarming climate change projections. However, the dynamic influences of vegetation on spatio-temporal processes in water cycling in the critical zone of catchments are not yet fully understood. We used stable isotopes to investigate the impacts of the 2018 drought on dominant soil-vegetation units of the mixed land-use Demnitzer Mill Creek (DMC, NE Germany) catchment (66 km²). The isotope sampling was carried out in conjunction with hydroclimatic, soil, groundwater, and vegetation monitoring. Drying soils, falling groundwater levels, cessation of stream flow and reduced crop yields demonstrated the failure of catchment water storage to support blue and green water fluxes. We further conducted monthly bulk soil water isotope sampling to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of water soil storage under forest and grassland vegetation. Forest soils were drier than the grassland mainly due to higher interception and transpiration losses. However, the forest soils also had more freely draining shallow layers, and were dominated by rapid young (age 2 months), though the lack of deep percolation produced water ages ~ 1 year under forest. We found the displacement of any drought signal within the soil profile limited to the isotopic signatures and no displacement or memory effect in d-excess over the monthly time step, indicating rapid mixing of new rainfall. Our findings suggest that contrasting soil-vegetation assemblages communities have distinct impacts on ecohydrological partitioning and water ages in the sub surface. Such insights will be invaluable for developing sustainable land management strategies appropriate to water availability and build resilience to climate change.
Effect of a Pennisetum purpureum and Tithonia diversifolia silage mixture on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane emission in a RUSITEC system

Livestock diets in the tropics are traditionally based on grass species, with significant consequent nutritional limitations. Balancing the diet requires supplementation with forage species offering high quality protein. An artificial rumen simulation technique system (RUSITEC) was used to digest a mixture of the grass Pennisetum purpureum (PP) and the sunflower Tithonia diversifolia (TD). Evaluations were done of the effects of added lactic acid bacteria on rumen kinetics and methane (CH4) release. Four treatments were analyzed: T1) a control with 100% PP silage with no Rev Mex Cienc Pecu 2020;11(1):19-37 20 inoculum; T2) a PP/TD (67:33%) mixture with no inoculum; T3) a PP/TD (67:33%) mixture inoculated with the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus paracasei T735; and T4) a PP/TD (67:33%) mixture inoculated with the commercial Sil-All4x4 LAB. Data were analyzed with a completely random design. Ammonium concentration did not differ (P>0.05) between the treatments (T2, T3 and T4) and the control (T1). The T4 treatment lowered volatile fat acids by 57 % compared to the control (P<0.001). Methane release was also lower (P<0.05) in T4 (1.36 mmol/g) than in the control (2.43 mmol/g), although levels were also relatively low in T3. The ciliate protozoa population did not differ among the treatments or with the control (P>0.05). The decrease in methane emission per gram dry matter in the PP/TD silages was probably due to lower fiber degradation levels. This suggests that methane emissions were lower per unit of edible animal protein produced even though the total amount of methane released did not differ.
A NOVEL METHOD OF EXPORATION & ANAYLYSIS FOR PERIOCULAR

A novel method of exploration and analysis for periocular recognition data that takes into consideration the structure of the periocular region as well as information from multiple scales. Perform experimentation to compare the performance of the new method to existing methods of periocular feature extraction. The periocular region are more discriminative than others. Using this knowledge, a novel block placement method for LABFs was proposed, and Two different datasets were selected of Facial Recognition Grand Challenge and Facial Recognition Technology Database. When using only features extracted from each individual sub-region, the results of biometric experiments. We suggest that LBP features are most discriminative in the upper eyelid, lower eyelid, tear duct, and outer corner, while LPQ features are most discriminative in the inner eyebrow, outer eyebrow, and skin , we could be serve as preliminary or training data for a biometric system that considers the structure of the periocular region in the determining recognition accuracy.
Comparison of BACTEC MGIT with conventional methods for detection of Mycobacteria in clinically suspected patients of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Tuberculosis is an important public health problem in India and globally. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) constitutes for approximately 15 to 20 per cent of all cases of tuberculosis in immunocompetent patients and accounts for more than 50 per cent of the cases in HIVpositive individuals. Main problem with the extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is the paucibacillary nature of the specimen, which makes the diagnosis difficult and delay the treatment. With this in background, this study aimed at the isolation of Mycobacteria from clinical specimens of patients suspected of extra pulmonary tuberculosis using BACTEC MGIT, Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media and direct acid-fast bacilli smear examination. Methods: A total of 66 samples were processed for direct AFB smear examination, and culture on MGIT and LJ media. Acid fast staining of the specimens was done using the Ziehl-Neelsen method. Results: Among 66 specimens, MGIT gave a higher yield of mycobacteria (46.9%), lower contamination rate (3%) and shorter time to positive culture as compared to LJ media. Conclusions: MGIT gives higher yield and faster results.
Effectiveness of two-stage versus one-stage injection in reducing discomfort during inferior alveolar nerve block in children

Background: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) anesthesia is a painful procedure & many attempts are made to render the injection painless, especially in children. Aim: To assess discomfort expressed during modified two-stage IANB injection versus one-stage injection in 8-10 years old children. Subjects & Methods: Sixty children were randomly & equally allocated to either intervention group (two-stage) or control group (one-stage). For all patients, topical anesthesia gel was applied. Intervention group: A short needle was used for the initial piercing & deposition of the local anesthesia (LA), the needle was inserted for 4mm & 0.4ml of the solution was deposited, then withdrawn. After 5 min, a long needle (gauge 27) was advanced till the point of LA drug deposition & bone touching & the rest of the LA solution was deposited. Control group: A long needle was inserted, dropping 0.4 ml of the solution incrementally till the point of LA drug deposition & bone touching & the rest of the LA solution was deposited. The overall patients’ levels of discomfort were assessed using Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability scale (FLACC) & Facial Image Scale (FIS). Results were tabulated & statistically analyzed. Results: For FLACC scale, the post-anesthetic values recorded a median=1 (range=0-3) in two-stages group, & a median=2 (range=0-4) in one-stage group; with statistically significant difference between them (p=0.00). For FIS, a median=2 (range=1-4) in the two-stage group & a median = 3 (range=1-5) in one-stage group; the difference between groups was statistically significant (p=0.017). Conclusion: The two-stage IANB injection technique is a simple & an effective method of reducing the overall discomfort in children.
Predictors of Good Outcomes in Patients with Failed Endovascular Thrombectomy

Objective Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) fails in approximately 20% of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (AC-LVO). Nonetheless, the factors that affect clinical outcomes of non-recanalized AC-LVO despite EVT are less studied. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting clinical outcomes in non-recanalized AC-LVO patients despite EVT. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging data from 136 consecutive patients who demonstrated recanalization failure (modified thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia [mTICI], 0–2a) despite EVT for AC-LVO. Data were collected in prospectively maintained registries at 16 stroke centers. Collateral status was categorized into good or poor based on the CT angiogram, and the mTICI was categorized as 0–1 or 2a on the final angiogram. Patients with good (modified Rankin Scale [mRS], 0–2) and poor outcomes (mRS, 3–6) were compared in multivariate analysis to evaluate the factors associated with a good outcome. Results Thirty-five patients (25.7%) had good outcomes. The good outcome group was younger (odds ratio [OR], 0.962; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.932–0.992; p = 0.015), had a lower incidence of hypertension (OR, 0.380; 95% CI, 0.173–0.839; p = 0.017) and distal internal carotid artery involvement (OR, 0.149; 95% CI, 0.043–0.520; p = 0.003), lower initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (OR, 0.789; 95% CI, 0.713–0.873; p < 0.001) and good collateral status (OR, 13.818; 95% CI, 3.971–48.090; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the initial NIHSS (OR, 0.760; 95% CI, 0.638–0.905; p = 0.002), good collateral status (OR, 14.130; 95% CI, 2.264–88.212; p = 0.005) and mTICI 2a recanalization (OR, 5.636; 95% CI, 1.216–26.119; p = 0.027) remained as independent factors with good outcome in non-recanalized patients. Conclusion Baseline NIHSS score, good collateral status, and mTICI 2a recanalization remained independently associated with clinical outcome in non-recanalized patients. mTICI 2a recanalization would benefit patients with good collaterals in non-recanalized AC-LVO patients despite EVT.
Determination of Thermodynamic Parameters from the Dissolution of Strontium Hydroxide in Water and Mixed Solvent Systems by pH-Metric Method

In this study, saturated solutions of Sr(OH)2 in pure water and in mixed solvent systems (methanol - water, ethanol - water, 1-propanol - water, and 2-propanol - water) at two temperatures were prepared and titrated with standard HCl solution by using pH metry. Using these titration data, the molar solubility (s), solubilty product (Ksp) and Gibbs free energy (Go), entropy change (ΔSand#176;) and enthalpy change (ΔHand#176;) for dissolution of strontium hydroxide was determined. At room temperature (20and#176;C), the s, Ksp, ∆Go were found to be 4.28 x 10-2 mol L-1, 3.13 x 10-4 mol3L-3 and 19.70 kJ mol-1 respectively. The ΔHand#176; and ΔSand#176; of the reaction is 2.90 kJ mol-1 and – 60.80 J. mol-1 K-1. With increasing percentage content of organic solvent in mixed solvents, the molar solubility and Ksp decreased and ∆Go, ΔHand#176; and ΔSand#176; values increased. The results were correlated with the dielectric constant value of the solvents used in the study.
Stock Market Volatility in Malaysia Sectoral Indices during the General Election

This study examines the effect of general election on the Malaysian stock market for the period of January 1994 to December 2015. The empirical model used in this study follows the Threshold GARCH model developed by Glosten et al. (1993), to investigate the stock returns and return volatility of the FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI and ten selected main sectoral indices before and after the elections. The selection of the event window is in line with the Malaysian general election process. Moreover, the full sample is divided into two sub-samples (1994-2005 and 2006-2015) to avoid erroneous inferences, and to reflect the real stock market volatility under two different political situation. Generally, results from statistical analysis uncover significant pre-general election effect and post-general election effect from the five most recent general elections held in Malaysia. Interestingly, the two sub-samples showed different election effect on stock market volatility. Most of the sectoral indices have lower volatility before general election and higher volatility after general election in the sub-sample period of 1994-2005. Remarkably, during the 2008 and 2013 general election years, political uncertainty due to the close fight between the two major political parties showed up its negative and significant influence in the stock market volatility before general election. The major implication of these findings is that while investors seek abnormal returns on certain sectors during the next general election, they will have to pay attention to the influence of political uncertainty on the stock market return during the general election year.
FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND PERSONALITY AS PREDICTORS OF AGGRESSION

Human aggression is explained in many ways by psychologists, with any given explanation depending on the particular orientation of the individual. Even within the subspecialty of social psychology, variation in viewpoints can be found, with some stressing cognitive factors, others pinpointing emotional and affective determinants, and still others dealing with aggression as a part of broader social interaction system. Aggression carries a negative connotation even in modern society. Aggression is a negative emotion shown by the individual in the stressful situations. On one matter, however, virtually all social psychologists agree: Aggression is a response to specific conditions in the environment. Baron and Richardson (1994) suggests “Aggression is any form of behaviour directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment”. World Health Organization (2002) defines, “Aggression, such as kicking, fighting and biting is a major concern for modern societies as the physical, emotional, cognitive and societal consequences of violent acts are serious, far reaching and long term. ” Personal and social factors as well as their cumulative effect may contribute to aggression. The present study examined the relationship of personality and family environment with aggression. Sample for the study consisted of 250 youth between age 17 to 22 years (M = 18.5) drawn from various districts of Haryana. The objectives of the study were (a) to explore the relationship of aggression with personality and family environment (b) to determine the role of personality and family environment in aggression. The participants were assessed with Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, NEO Five –Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Family Environment Scale. Results showed that aggression was found to be positively associated with neuroticism, and conflict dimension of family environment and negatively associated with agreeableness and conscientiousness dimensions of personality. Stepwise multiple regression analysis reveals agreeableness, conflict, active-recreational orientation and neuroticism are the potent predictors of aggression among youth.
Charles Darwin University Recreational fishing impacts on threatened river sharks A potential conservation issue Kyne,

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