Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An update on virology and emerging viral epidemics

A virus is a small infectious agent that is able to replicate only inside the living cells of an organism, known as a host. Viruses can infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea (Koonin et al. 2006). They have been characterized as obligate intracellular parasites since they lack the metabolic enzymes and equipment for making proteins (Reece et al. 2010). In other words, they can reproduce and carry out metabolic activities only within a host cell. Hence, lacking these basic mechanisms, most viruses are little more than genetic material contained in protein coats (Crawford 2011). It is often debated whether a virus should be considered a living organism or a non-living chemical system. Some biologists claim that they are not "alive" but exist in a shady area between life-forms and chemicals. As a matter of fact, the Latin root for the word virus means “poison”. A simple phrase used recently by two researchers describes them aptly enough: Viruses lead “a kind of borrowed life” (Villarreal 2004). A virus will remain dormant until it is able to infect the next host, activate and replicate. Some viruses can live in an open place for a short time, in some cases, only a few hours. Viruses use the most efficient methods to locate a host, create copies, and spread to other hosts (Dimmock et al. 2007). They are considered to be formidable pathogens of animals and plants. The damage that they can cause depends on the type of the virus and the host cells. In some cases, they can damage or kill cells by inflicting the release of hydrolytic enzymes from lysosomes. In addition, some viruses cause host cells to produce toxins that lead to disease states, and others have molecular components that are toxic, such as envelope proteins. How much damage a virus causes depends partly on the ability of the infected tissue to regenerate by cell division. For instance, damage inflicted by poliovirus to mature nerve cells is permanent, since these cells cannot normally be replaced. It should be clarified that many of the temporary symptoms associated with viral infections, such as fever and aches, result from the response of the immune system itself rather than from cell death caused by the virus (Reece et al. 2010). Obviously, beyond their pathogenic role, viruses have experimental and research value. Molecular biology, biotechnology and a variety of medical applications were born in the laboratories of biologists studying viruses that infect bacteria. Their value as experimental systems contributed to a better understanding of the fundamental processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation and provided evidence that genes are made of nucleic acids (Vlachakis 2009). Moreover, they led to the development of techniques related to gene manipulation i.e. in gene therapy viruses are used as agents of gene transfer.
The biogeochemistry of selenium in the US western phosphate resource area : sources, pathways, receptors and controls

Selenium, a sulfur analogue, is often mobilized in mining impacted areas. Oxidation of the reduced forms of this metalloid can allow release into the local ecosystem with the potential for toxic impact. A large body of work in the scientific literature has documented the food chain effects of mobilized Se in certain types of aquatic environments, with endpoints that include reproductive failure in biological communities. This work explores the biogeochemical cycling and controls of Se in mining effected environments focusing on the Western US Phosphate Resource Area in Idaho. Unique in its terrestrial environment, this large-scale active and historical mining area is currently the focus of a study of selenium reaction pathways, environmental impacts and natural or accelerated controls. We have found chemical and microbial pathways are active in the Se cycle in both areas, however the regio-specific geochemistry, temperature, hydrograph and engineering operations dominate the local release and control dynamics. This work examines natural and "green" engineered Se control approaches explored in field and laboratory trials associated with this mining area.
Investigating the Longevity of Survival Based Processing in Relation to True and False Memories

Previous research has demonstrated that survival processing enhances memory for target words, more so than other well known deep processing conditions. Survival processing has also been reported to increase false memories, yet, this was only examined using short retention delay conditions. The present study aimed to examine the longevity of survival processing in terms of true and false memory. A sample of 60 participants was recruited using an opportunity and snowball sampling method. The encoding task involved the processing of categorised nouns (category repetition procedure), by rating their relevance to either a survival or moving scenario, or by rating their pleasantness. After a delay of either five minutes or twenty-four hours, a surprise recognition test of the encoded words was given. The number of ‘yes’ responses to studied items (true memory), associated critical items and nonassociated items (false memory) were measured. Contrary to the hypothesis, the results revealed that survival processing, after a twenty-four-hour delay, led to a reduction in true memory. Potential reasons for this unexpected result are discussed with an emphasis on the use of the category repetition procedure. The twenty-four-hour delay also lead to an increase in false memory. This calls for additional research on survival based false memories after an extended delay between encoding and retrieval, in order to conclude whether false memory functions as an adaptive memory strategy.
Structure, Topology, and Dynamics of Membrane-Inserted Polypeptides and Lipids by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy: Investigations of the Transmembrane Domains of the DQ Beta-1 Subunit of the MHC II Receptor and of the COP I Protein p24

MHC class II receptors carry important function in adaptive immunity and their malfunctioning is associated with diabetes type I, chronic inflammatory diseases and other autoimmune diseases. The protein assembles from the DQ alpha-1 and DQ beta-1 subunits where the transmembrane domains of these type I membrane proteins have been shown to be involved in homo- and heterodimer formation. Furthermore, the DQ alpha 1 chain carries a sequence motif that has been first identified in the context of p24, a protein involved in the formation of COPI vesicles of the intracellular transport machinery, to specifically interact with sphingomyelin-C18 (SM-C18). Here we investigated the membrane interactions and dynamics of DQ beta-1 in liquid crystalline POPC phospholipid bilayers by oriented 15N solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The 15N resonances are indicative of a helical tilt angle of the membrane anchor sequence around 20°. Two populations can be distinguished by their differential dynamics probably corresponding the DQ beta-1 mono- and homodimer. Whereas, this equilibrium is hardly affected by the addition of 5 mole% SM-C18 a single population is visible in DMPC lipid bilayers suggesting that the lipid saturation is an important parameter. Furthermore, the DQ alpha-1, DQ beta-1 and p24 transmembrane helical domains were reconstituted into POPC or POPC/SM-C18 lipid bilayers where the fatty acyl chain of either the phosphatidylcholine or of the sphingolipid have been deuterated. Interestingly in the presence of both sphingolipid and polypeptide a strong decrease in the innermost membrane order of the POPC palmitoyl chain is observed, an effect that is strongest for DQ beta-1. In contrast, for the first time the polypeptide interactions were monitored by deuteration of the stearoyl chain of SM-C18. The resulting 2H solid-state NMR spectra show an increase in order for p24 and DQ alpha-1 which both carry the SM recognition motif. Thereby the data are suggestive that SM-C18 together with the transmembrane domains form structures imposing positive curvature strain on the surrounding POPC lipids. This effect is attenuated when SM-C18 is recognized by the protein.
PREVALENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Escherichia coli FROM FAECES OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY RAMS AND GOATS IN ILE-IFE, SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA

3 4 1 Ajayi, A. O. , Ariyo, A. B. , and Fashina, C. D. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, ObafemiAwolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 220005 Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria 3 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria 4 Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Otuoke, Nigeria *Corresponding author: E-mail: aoluduro2003@yahoo.co.uk. Telephone: +2348069379885. (Received: 16th September, 2014; Accepted: 26th September, 2014)
HEDGE ALGEBRAS, THE SEMANTICS OF VAGUE LINGUISTIC INFORMATION AND APPLICATION PROSPECTIVE

The report aims to show that hedge algebras model actually the proper qualitative semantics of words of linguistic variables based on the argument that the inherent qualitative semantics of words should be expressed through the order relationships, induced by the word semantics, between the words in their respective variable domains, as required by decision making of human daily lives. This makes the hedge algebra based approach to the word semantics quite different from the existing approaches and become the only approach that can immediately deal with the natural qualitative semantics of words. We explain clearly and systematically distinguished features and properties of this approach to show that these seem to make the approach to be sound and ensure its effectiveness in applications. This approach seems to be promising for development of hedge algebra-based method to solve problems in various application fields. For illustration, we will give a short overview of effective results some of the initial applications of hedge algebras in the fields of knowledge based systems and in fuzzy control.
Family in the matrix support in mental health: concepts and practices in national scientific output - DOI: 10.3395/reciis.v6i3.512en

Scientific output that addresses family relationships and health has reached new dimensions with the shift of care strategies based on the individual to those based on the family as instigated by the Family Health Program. The objective of this study was to analyze the concepts of family and care practices in the scientific output on matrix support in mental health in primary care available in the Virtual Health Library database from 1998 to 2010. Therefore, an integrative review was conducted that used natural language as a search strategy. The data were analyzed using an adapted content analysis technique that designated the following categories as the core meanings: the family as the focus of the direction of assistance for matrix support, the family as a housing territory, the family as having singularities and the family as co-responsible for health care. The results demonstrated a low recurrence of the term “family” and the still strong persistence of the idea of the family as a household unit and the locus of intervention for health care professionals. This study discusses the changes in the approaches to thinking about and working with families based on a paradigm that considers the individual and his/her family as participating subjects.
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Basic and Clinical Challenges for Better Prognosis

Copyright: © 2013 Ishiwata T. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal types of tumors, is the fourth and fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA and Japan, respectively [1]. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)—a major histological subtype, comprising 90% of all pancreatic cancer— displays local invasion and distant metastasis during early disease stages. This aggressiveness leads to an extremely poor prognosis with an overall survival rate of only 5% [1]. Surgery offers the only chance for a cure for PDAC; however, 80% of PDAC patients are considered to be inoperable at diagnosis. No curative treatment is available for advanced stages of the disease. Adjuvant chemotherapies or chemoradiotherapies with 5-FU, gemcitabine, cisplatin, interferon alfa2b, or erlotinib have successfully reduced tumors or prolonged prognosis, but the beneficial effects of these treatments are limited [2-6].
Control of corruption, diversification and asset quality of Islamic and conventional banks

The study examines whether and how control of corruption (CC) influences asset quality of banks directly and indirectly through diversification. A review of banks in three Islamic countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Pakistan) from 2006 to 2012 reveals that CC has a positive effect on asset quality of Islamic banks only. In addition, diversification typically has a negative effect on asset quality, but such a negative effect weakens as CC becomes more effective, particularly for Islamic banks. Furthermore, the modifying effect of CC is particularly found in more corrupt countries (Indonesia and Pakistan) as opposed to a less corrupt country (Malaysia).
A critical analysis of government spending on sport : mass participation and school allocation : sport administration

The government plays an important role in promoting and financing sport. The government therefore needs to budget for the activities it finances. The purpose of the study was to critically analyse government spending on sport with specific focus on mass participation and school sport allocation. A qualitative research approach using document analysis was used for the study. Document analysis entails a systematic procedure for reviewing or evaluating documents - both printed and electronic (computer-based and Internet-transmitted) material. The documents which were content analysed in this study were the Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA) Strategic Plan, Annual performance plans and Annual reports. The results of the analysis revealed that the administration costs in promoting sport are far too high. As a result inadequate funding is available for mass participation and school sport to develop sport at grassroots level. The surprisingly low allocation for school sport and mass participation is difficult to understand. In a broader context, the lack of investment in school sport decreases South Africa's potential to produce high quality talented athletes. This may ultimately impact on South Africa's performance in mega sport events.
A Facile Synthesis of Water‐Resistant CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Loaded Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Microspheres Based on In Situ Polymerization

In this paper, a facile synthesis of water‐resistant CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite microspheres (CsPbBr3@PMMA) is reported. The method is based on the precipitation polymerization of methyl methacrylate in hexane in the presence of CsPbBr3 PQDs and stabilizer. The CsPbBr3@PMMA microspheres show a tunable size and a narrow size distribution, with the CsPbBr3 PQDs being uniformly dispersed in the PMMA microspheres. The effective incorporation of PQDs is attributed to the strong coordination interactions between Pb ions on the surface of PQDs and carbonyl groups (CO) from PMMA. Based on this mechanism, multicolor composite microspheres can be easily prepared through absorbing CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) PQDs into blank PMMA microspheres. Protected by the PMMA microspheres, the imbedded CsPbBr3 PQDs show improved water resistance and storage stability. Further, a wide‐color‐gamut (129%) white light‐emitting diode (LED) is demonstrated by combining the green‐emitting CsPbBr3@PMMA composite microspheres and red‐emitting K2SiF6: Mn4+ with a blue LED, which enables to be used as backlights for liquid crystal displays.
Fermionic spectral functions with the functional renormalization group

We present first results on the calculation of fermionic spectral functions from analytically continued flow equations within the Functional Renormalization Group approach. Our method is based on the same analytic continuation from imaginary to real frequencies that was developed and used previously for bosonic spectral functions. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the method also for fermionic correlations we apply it here to the real-time quark propagator in the quark-meson model and calculate the corresponding quark spectral functions in the vacuum.
Folklore As An Integral Part Of The Human Safety Culture Education.

The aim of this paper is to define how folklore peculiarities affect the formation of human safety behavior culture. The relevance of the problem under study stems from the fact that human safety behavior culture has always been in the focus of any ethnic group’s attention, which was reflected in their mythology, fairy-tales, proverbs and sayings. The people, the genius creators of the language and teachers all in one, brought into being the greatest works of artistic expression that are intended to lead children forward at all stages of their emotional and moral development. Folklore contains the richest material for the development of moral qualities. Folklore is diverse and rich in various types and genres. The aim of the article is thus to determine the characteristics of folklore essential for the formation of human safety behavior culture. The main approach in studying the present problem is the following: sociometric method which allows to define the competence level of second year students from different faculties in the sphere of ethno-pedagogics and security culture. This method made it possible to study how students perceive psychological difficulties they are faced with. As a result of the study the students found the use of oral folklore (like fairy tales, proverbs, sayings, epics and games) pedagogically practical for developing pupils’ security culture. The future teachers noted that the task of adults is to teach children to choose the right ways of psychological defence, depending on life circumstances, rather than to protect children from adverse surroundings. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.UK
A numerical study of an inline oscillating cylinder in a free stream

Abstract Simulations of a cylinder undergoing externally controlled sinusoidal oscillations in the free stream direction have been performed. The frequency of oscillation was kept equal to the vortex shedding frequency from a fixed cylinder, while the amplitude of oscillation was varied, and the response of the flow measured. With varying amplitude, a rich series of dynamic responses was recorded. With increasing amplitude, these states included wakes similar to the Kármán vortex street, quasiperiodic oscillations interleaved with regions of synchronized periodicity (periodic on multiple oscillation cycles), a period-doubled state and chaotic oscillations. It is hypothesized that, for low to moderate amplitudes, the wake dynamics are controlled by vortex shedding at a global frequency, modified by the oscillation. This vortex shedding is frequency modulated by the driven oscillation and amplitude modulated by vortex interaction. Data are presented to support this hypothesis.
Structural Relations among Goal Orientations, Self-Efficacy, Metacognition and Acheivement: Invariance Across Gender

The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relations between mastery and performance goal orientations, and their relations with self-efficacy, metacognition and achievement. Also, invariance across gender was tested. Four hundred three students (200 boys and 203 girls) from the United Arab Emirates University and Al Ain University participated in the study. Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was administered to the sample in the classes. Only four subscales (form 13 originally included in MSLQ) were used. Alpha Cronbach estimates were adequate for each of the scales used in this study (all above 0.75). GPA scores were obtained from the students. SEM results indicated a good model fit to data for each of the two gender groups. The invariance test indicated that factor loadings were invariant across gender; however, the invariance of other parameters across gender (e.g., variances and covariances, regression weights, and residuals) was not strongly supported. Mastery orientation correlated with performance orientation for boys but not for girls. Mastery orientation had significant paths to self-efficacy, metacognition, and GPA for both genders. Performance orientation significantly predicted self-efficacy and metacognition for boys but did not for girls. Metacognition predicted achievement (GPA) for boys but not for girls. Self-efficacy predicted GPA for girls but not for boys. For girls, performance orientation had a negative link with GPA but no significant link for boys. The four constructs explained 29% of the variance in GPA scores for boys and 43% for girls. The results concerning male vs. female were interpreted and discussed within a socio-cultural context.
Past educational cultures influences on present perceptions of education

The paper tracks old educational cultures influences on the perception of today’s education utility, by identifying the main core concepts which are preserved, across geographies and across time, when it comes to defining the virtues of education. A sample of business administration students from Romania is questioned related to the usefulness of the subjects taught to them and the appropriateness of the teaching methods used in university. Regression analysis enables us to find the links between preferred types of contents, by subject groups, and, respectively, preferred characteristics of the teaching methods, and the perceived usefulness and appropriateness. The conclusion ilustrate a pattern of continuity, in a field of reforms and changes, especially considering the Romanian context.
A Comparison of Performances of Different Feature Selection Methods applied to Biomedical Data

Migraine is a debilitating disease whose causes are not yet completely explained. Near- InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive technology commonly used for the assessment of the cerebral autoregulation during active stimuli. Feature Selection (FS) allows dimensionality reduction of multivariate datasets, highlighting the most informative variables and deleting redundant and irrelevant information. Rough Set Theory (RST) is one of the most used tool for FS, enables to manage incomplete and imperfect knowledge without any assumption about data model. This study involved a total of 80 subjects, divided in 3 groups: 15 healthy subjects taken as controls, 14 women suffered from migraine without aura and 51 women from migraine with aura. We apply three different methods of FS based on RST to a set of 26 parameters extracted from NIRS signals recorded in the subjects during breath-holding (BH) and hyperventilation (HYP). We compare the extracted subsets of features in the subjects' classification by means of Artificial Neural Networks. The results show good performance for all subsets, with a percentage of correct classification above the 90%.