Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of classifying flow regimes of MARS-KS wall heat transfer coefficient data using unsupervised learning

In the reactor safety analysis, the application of system codes is important. Nuclear system analysis code has been developed to perform realistic multi-dimensional thermal hydraulic system analysis. More specifically, the MARS-KS code is used as widely accepted multi-dimensional thermal hydraulic tool. Code simulations are based on governing equations and constitutive equations. The constitutive equations are based on empiricism. Since, Nukiyama conducted a study on heat transfer with respect to temperature, steady research has continued. In wall heat transfer models, Nukiyama divided them into 4 regimes [1], RELAP code into 5 regimes [2], and MARS-KS into 6regimes [3]. Each regime has different constitutive equations. In MARSKS, input variables of wall heat transfer (WHT) coefficients are 10, but regimes are divided by the logic of 5 variables. They are based on experiments but at the boundary, they are not continuous. There is little knowledge of how to divide flow regimes and transition regimes. In this paper, the method of NEO-K-Means is applied to help to divide the flow regimes and transition regime.
Field evaluation of CLB as an attractant for beneficial parasitoid wasps attacking mealybug pests

Cyclolavandulyl butyrate (CLB, thereafter) is a chemical compound discovered by chance during the synthesis process of the sex pheromone of a serious pest mealybug, Planococcus kraunhiae. Notably, it is known that CLB strongly attracts natural enemy parasitoid wasps such as Anagyrus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) attacking the pest mealybug. However, it was not clear what species of Anagyrus parasitoids were exactly attracted with CLB trapping, partly due to taxonomic problems. In the present study, we first confirmed whether CLB attracted Anagyrus spp. and then examined the species composition of the parasitoids in relation to localities, seasons and habitat types. Our surveys showed the attraction of A. subalbipes and A. sawadai to CLB traps; both species occurred widely and commonly in orchards though the former was much more abundant in traps. They were few in early spring but increased the populations as the season went on. A. sawadai showed a habitat preference to the cedar tree shelterbelt but A. subalbipes was mostly found in perssimon and apple orchards. We discuss the usefulness of CLB trapping systems in monitoring beneficial parasitoids in IPM of pest mealybugs.
DETERMINATION OF THE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITIES OF SENIRKENT KARASI GRAPE CULTIVAR’S SKIN AND SEEDS

Purpose of this study was to determine total phenolic content, phenolic composition, antioxidant and antiradical activities of ʻSenirkent Karasıʼ grape cultivar’s skin and seeds. While total phenolic contents of grape skin and seeds were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method spectrophotometrically expressing the results in terms of gallic acid (GAE), phenolic composition was analyzed by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatograph). Antioxidant activities of the grape skin and seeds were evaluated by reducing powers whereas antiradical activities were examined using DPPH (1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl). Results showed that total phenolic contents of seeds and skin were 52.32 and 1.89 mg g GAE g DM, respectively. Antiradical activities of seed and skin extracts (100 ppm) were 95.90 and 16.22 %, respectively. Reducing powers of seeds were 1.64 at 250 ppm, and were 2.39 at 1000 ppm whereas antioxidant activities) of skins were 0.08 at 250 ppm; 0.31 at 1000 ppm. Results showed that skin had higher amount of phenolic compounds than seeds and gallic acid, catechin, cafeic acid, syringic acid, resveratrol, quarcetin, kaempherol, p-cumaric acid were present in skin whereas only gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin were present in seeds. Seeds had the highest values of epicatechin (746.94 μg g) while skins had the highest values of syringic acid (17.01μg g-) and gallic acid (5.29 μg g).
Folk perceptions of variation among the Chabacano creoles

This study provides the first account of the perceptual dialectology of the Chabacano creoles, focusing on the three varieties spoken in Cavite City, Ternate, and Zamboanga, Philippines. It examines Chabacano speakers’ metalinguistic awareness and attitudes about each other’s varieties based on qualitative analysis of sociolinguistic interviews, interviews from a perceptual map task, and an online survey. The results show that the speakers consider the three varieties to be separate but mutually intelligible languages, differing mainly in terms of lexical and phonological differences. These linguistic differences are attributed to each variety’s perceived closeness to Spanish or the adstrate Philippine languages. The responses also show that local and traditional identities are important in shaping perceptions about language use. These findings contribute to research on language attitudes and ideologies in the Chabacano-speaking communities, and more generally, demonstrate the potential of using perceptual dialectology (Preston 1999, Preston 2002) to explore the social dynamics of creole and other contact situations.
Characterization of Pea Chloroplast D-Enzyme ( 4-a-D-Glucanotransferase ) 1 Genichi Kakefuda 2 and

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) chloroplast D-enzyme (4-a-D-glucanotransferase, EC 2.4.1.25) was purified greater than 750-fold and partially characterized. It is a dimer with a subunit M, of ca. 50,000. Optimal activity is between pH 7.5 and 8.0 with maltotriose as substrate and the enzyme's Km for maltotriose is 3.3 millimolar. Chloroplast D-enzyme converts maltotriose to maltopentaose and glucose via the exchange of a-1,4-glycosidic linkages. Maltotriose acts either as a donor or acceptor of a maltosyl group. The enzyme has highest activity with maltotriose as substrate. As initial substrate degree of polymerization is increased to maltoheptaose, D-enzyme activity drops to zero at 10 millimolar substrate concentrations and by 70% at 1 millimolar concentrations. The enzyme cannot use maltose as a substrate. Glucose was found to be a suitable acceptor substrate for this D-enzyme. Addition of glucose to incubation mixtures, or production of glucose by D-enzyme, prevents the synthesis of maltodextrins larger than maltopentaose. Removal of glucose produced by Denzyme activity with maltotriose as substrate resulted in the synthesis of maltopentaose and maltodextrins with sufficient degrees of polymerization to be suitable substrates for pea chloroplast starch phosphorylase. The possible role of D-enzyme in pea chloroplast starch metabolism is discussed. Pea chloroplasts contain 4-a-glucanotransferase (transglycosylase) activity equal to that of the total hydrolytic starch degrading activity, and eightfold greater than starch phosphorylase activity ( 12). 4-a-Glucanotransferase alters the degrees of polymerization in a population of maltodextrins by the simultaneous hydrolysis and condensation of a1,4-linkages between maltodextrins. For example, potato 4-a-glucanotransferase can utilize two maltotrioses (G33) to produce glucose (GI) and maltopentaose (G5) or it can utilize G5 and GI to produce two G3s (1 1), as shown below: ae-4-glucanotransferase 0-0-0 + 0-0-01 u0-0-0-0-0 + O
Capillary Trapping Of Supercritical CO2 InPorous Media At The Pore Scale

Carbon dioxide capture and storage in geological formations is recognized as a promising method for decoupling fossil fuel use and carbon emissions. Carbon dioxide injected into geological formations is expected to be trapped by several mechanisms against buoyancy. In this paper, we focused on capillary rapping. Trapped bubbles in packed beds of glass beads were visualized by means of micro-focused X-ray CT at pore scale for supercritical CO2 and water systems at reservoir condition and for nitrogen and water systems at laboratory room condition. When the diameter of glass beads is the same, distribution of volume of trapped bubbles is similar for each condition. At the pressure of 8.5MPa and the temperature of 45oC, which corresponds to just above a critical point, the morphology of the interface between the supercritical CO2 and water suggests that CO2 is non-wetting to glass beads. Residual gas saturation increases with a decrease in a diameter of glass beads, because the capillary pressure is higher with respect to buoyancy. Residual gas saturation can be expressed as a function of the reverse Bond number for each condition. Distribution of trapped bubble volume is identical with each other for each condition at same diameter of glass beads. The large trapped bubbles contribute to the residual gas saturation.
A Comparative in vitro Study of the Effect of Eosin B on Asexual Blood Stages and Gametocyte of Plasmodiun falciparum

Background and Aim: Malaria is one of the most life-threatening infectious diseases worldwide. Transmission of the parasite from human to vector mosquitoes is carried out by the gametocyte of the Plasmodium parasite, while these cells are not involved in the symptoms of the disease. The control of the human to mosquito transmission stage of the parasite life cycle by antigametocyte drugs is currently under increasing scrutiny in an effort to eradicate the disease globally. In this study the gametocytocidal activity of eosin B on asexual blood stages and gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum has been probed. Materials and Methods: The parasite Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 was first cultured and then gametocytogenesis was induced to obtain gametocyte cells. After microscopically studying the developmental stages of the parasite during the culture of the parasite, eosin B was tested on blood and sexual parasites and the viability was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase assay and the results were compared for the two groups. Results: Mature gametocytes were produced during 12 days. The blood parasites in culture were increased until day 4 and then gradually diminished. The results of lactate dehydrogenase assay showed a stronger effect of eosin B on gametocytes (IC50 = 23 nM) than asexual blood stages (IC50 = 133 nM). Conclusion: Due to the rarity of anti-gametocyte drugs and importance of these intervention on malaria elimination, eosin B appears to be a suitable candidate for combination therapy against Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes.
EFFECT OF TETRAHYDROCURCUMIN IN STREPTOZOTOCIN - NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED DIABETES

Diabetes is a major health problem affecting major populations worldwide. It is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action associated with chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. As a consequence of the metabolic derangements in diabetes, various complications develop including both macro and micro-vascular dysfunctions. Pancreatic cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the two hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treatment of diabetes without any side effects is still a challenge to the medical system. There is an increasing demand by patients to use the natural products with antidiabetic activity, because insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs are having so many side effects. Streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide type 2 model shares a number of features with human type 2 diabetes and is characterized by moderate stable hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, altered but significant glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, in vivo and in vitro. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is one of the major colorless metabolite of curcumin. THC has been reported to exhibit the same physiological and pharmacological properties of curcumin. Curcumin is rapidly metabolized during absorption from the intestine, yielding THC, which has shown the strongest antioxidant activity among all curcuminoids. THC one of the active metabolites in curcumin on blood glucose and plasma insulin in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Different doses of THC (20, 40 and 80 mg\kg body weight) were orally administered to diabetic rats for 45 days, after which activities 6-weeks treatment with various doses of THC and curcumin on glucose levels were assayed.
A CUTFEM METHOD FOR A SPATIALLY RESOLVED ENERGY METABOLISM MODEL IN COMPLEX CELLULAR GEOMETRIES

Computational techniques have been widely used to tackle problems in the biological sciences. A compromise between high quality simulations and simple but accurate models can help to understand unknown aspects of this field. In this work, we will show how the Cut Finite Element Method (CutFEM) [1] can be a powerful tool to solve a reaction diffusion PDE system that models the energy metabolism of a cell. The main difficulty to approach this problem is dealing with the morphology of the cell that can have sharp edges and evolves over time. While classical FEM requires the mesh conform to the domain boundary, CutFEM allows a non-conforming discretisation of the domain, and thus is especially suited for modeling complex and evolving cellular geometries. First, we introduce our simplified model for metabolic pathways taking place in a region small enough to consider the material property as homogeneous. The results obtained with FEM (FENICS Project [2][3]) and CutFEM suggest that the two methods are equivalent. This allows us to use CutFEM to increase the complexity of the domain, from a spherical shaped cell to an irregular astrocyte. We conclude that CutFEM is a robust method for tackling biological problems with complex geometries, opening the possibility to extend the complexity of our mathematical model including more features and to consider real cellular shapes that evolve in time in future work.
The Optical Properties of Indocyanine Green suspended in Solution as Observed under Near Infrared LED and LASER Light Conditions

The use of Indocyanine Green (ICG) as a fluorescent marker at Near Infrared (NIR) excitation wavelengths is well established in clinical imaging. Typical systems comprise multiple LED sources for optimal imaging which can result in unnecessary energy transfer to patients and contribute to tissue damage. An experimental setup comprising a 780 nm excitation channel generating up to 10 mW of optical power is used in order to determine if there is potential to exploit the optical properties of ICG, in order to reduce the total excitation power through pulsing. We demonstrate in this work that a single 1.6 Megapixel CMOS camera with quantum efficiency of less than 30% is appropriate to capture both fluorescent and non-fluorescent landmarks at NIR wavelengths. Experimental results verify that all ICG solutions tested yielded detectable fluorescence and that degradation of fluorescence intensity over time is multifaceted.
Analysis of face mask detection during COVID-19 pandemic

Coronavirus disease 2019 has become a major health problem It is spreading very widely due to its contact transparent behavior So WHO declared wearing the mask in crowded areas as a prevention method In some of the areas, the diseases become widely spread out due to improper wearing of facial masks So to overcome this problem we required an efficient mask monitoring system We propose a high- precision and effective MobileFaceMask face-mask detector in this article It is used in MobileFaceMask is consisting with the Pyramid network, that combines high-quality semantine information, multi-function maps, and a new PC module for facial mask detection Besides, we propose a new algorithm for the removal of cross-class objects to reject low-confidence predictions and high union intersection Experiments show that MobileFaceMask delivers good results with 2 3% and 1 5% detection accuracy, while 11 0% and 5 9% more baselines, respectively, are used in a world face mask input dataset Furthermore, discuss the possibility of deploying MobileFaceMask for embedded or mobile devices with the lightweight MobileNet neural network © 2021 Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation All rights reserved
Application of Kernel-Convolution Method for Photon Dose Estimation in BNCT

To plan Boron Neutron Capture Therapy treatment, dose distribution calculation by simulation is necessary. Monte Carlo can be a good method for this. However, Monte Carlo method takes lots of times to get sufficient uncertainty level. In X-ray therapy situation, kernel convolution method can be a substitute because gamma and electron take reaction with only orbital electron [1]. BNCT has other dose components but they have only few μm range. Therefore, other dose components except photon dose can be calculated directly with neutron flux. In BNCT, photon can be generated wherever neutron flux exists. Also, these photons are isotropic. This situation has similar property with brachytherapy [2]. We have applied brachytherapy collapsed cone convolution to calculate BNCT photon dose. Also, we have compared result of kernel convolution method and FLUKA, the Monte Carlo code, for water phantom and CT head phantom case [3].
Influence of Short-Term Supplementation with Anabolic Steroid Drug Oxymetholone And /Or Creatine Widely Used In Ksa on Some Fertility Biomarkers in Albino Rats

Abuse supplement is becoming a public health problem due to the adverse effects on health and semen quality in Saudi Arabia for the last few years. The present work is aimed to investigates the effect of individual supplementation with oxymetholone as Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) or creatine protein are the most common nutritional supplement use in the KSA and their mixture on some fertility biomarkers, oxidant-antioxidant activities as well as tissues structure of testis of albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats weighing around 150-200 g were classified into four groups of 10 rats each. Group I: control untreated group. Group II: treated with oxymetholone (150 mg/day). Group III: treated with creatine protein (20 mg/day). Group IV: treated with Oxymetholone (150 mg/day) and creatine protein (20 mg /day) simultaneously. All animals were given orally for 30 days. Individual supplementation with each of oxymetholone or creatine induced significant upregulation in oxidative stress biomarkers Malondialdehyde (MDA), Protein Carbonyls (PC), 8-Hydroxy Guanosine (8OHG). In addition, it also significantly reduced the antioxidants activities Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). Remarkable reduction in each of testosterone hormone, luteinizing hormone, sperm counts, and motility was pronounced in oxymetholone treated group than creatine group. The potentiality of oxymetholone was obvious in the mixture treated group. Changes in testis structure architecture follow the same previous trend that confirmed the clinical results. In conclusion; AAS and proteins should be used under supervision of special physicians because it will be very harmful for the reproductive life of users.
IDENTIFICATION OF BRACHYPELMA GENAR TARANTULA REPRODUCTION APPARATUS USING KNN AND SINGLE DECISION THRESHOLD METHOD

In tarantula breeding, it takes a long time to wait for the tarantula to reach adulthood. If it have entered adulthood, we can distinguish the sex of the tarantula. In this study, a system was built which could predict the reproduction apparatus of the tarantula based on the parameters, a value that was determined according to the size of the tarantula. Based on several studies using the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) which is an algorithm to classify these objects, also Single Decision Threshold method. We apply calculations based on learning data that are the closest distance to the object, and then will be proven using the rapidminer tool. The final result that will be obtained in the form of a prediction of the reproduction apparatus of the tarantula is the sex of male, female and unsex, with the accuracy rate is 96.35%. Index Term—Tarantula, Prediction; KNN; Single Decision Threshold;
A multi-resolution SPH model for modeling fluid-elastic structure interactions

In this paper, we present a multi-resolution SPH [1, 2] model for efficient and accurate modeling of fluid-elastic structure interactions (FSI) with applications to biology. The basic idea is to couple the fluid model, which is founded on solving the mass continuity and Navier-Stokes equations by using update Lagrangian formulation,and the structure model, which is based on implementing the total Lagrangian formulation to discretize the elastic dynamics, within multi-resolution framework [3]. The present multi-resolution coupling is conducted in a multi-resolution scenario where the computational domain is pre-partitioned into a fluid/structure subdomains which are discretized with predefined particle spacing. To ensure the consistency of particle-based discretizations, and mass and momentum conservation in fluid-structure interface, a new position-based Verlet scheme is proposed for physics relaxation process. Furthermore, the time average structure velocities are introduced for accurate and robust fluidstructure interface treatment. A set of benchmark tests is studied to validate the convergence, accuracy and robustness of the present multi-resolution SPH model without sacrificing accuracy. Furthermore, the versatility of the present model is demonstrated through modeling applications in biological system and good performance is obtained for implying promising potential employability of the present model.
Interlayer connectivity reconstruction for multilayer brain networks using phase oscillator models

Large-scale neurophysiological networks are often reconstructed from band-pass filtered time series derived from magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Common practice is to reconstruct these networks separately for different frequency bands and to treat them independently. Recent evidence suggests that this separation may be inadequate, as there can be significant coupling between frequency bands (interlayer connectivity). A multilayer network approach offers a solution to analyze frequency-specific networks in one framework. We propose to use a recently developed network reconstruction method in conjunction with phase oscillator models to estimate interlayer connectivity that optimally fits the empirical data. This approach determines interlayer connectivity based on observed frequency-specific time series of the phase and a connectome derived from diffusion weighted imaging. The performance of this interlayer reconstruction method was evaluated in-silico. Our reconstruction of the underlying interlayer connectivity agreed to very high degree with the ground truth. Subsequently, we applied our method to empirical resting-state MEG data obtained from healthy subjects and reconstructed two-layered networks consisting of either alpha-to-beta or theta-to-gamma band connectivity. Our analysis revealed that interlayer connectivity is dominated by a multiplex structure, i.e. by one-to-one interactions for both alpha-to-beta band and theta-to-gamma band networks. For theta–gamma band networks, we also found a plenitude of interlayer connections between distant nodes, though weaker connectivity relative to the one-to-one connections. Our work is an stepping stone towards the identification of interdependencies across frequency-specific networks. Our results lay the ground for the use of the promising multilayer framework in this field with more-informed and justified interlayer connections.