Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Series 2004 No . 196 International Trade and Inter-Industry Wage Structure in Swedish Manufacturing-Evidence from matched employer-employee data

This study examines the inter-industry wage structure in Swedish manufacturing by using matched employer-employee data for the period 1996 to 2000. First, we use detailed individual and job characteristics to estimate industry-specific and timevarying wage premiums. Second, we investigate the impact of international trade on wage premiums, after controlling for effects of domestic competition and technical
Impact of Pregnancy on Intra-Host Genetic Diversity of Influenza A Viruses in Hospitalised Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Characterising dynamics of Influenza A Viruses (IAV) within-host evolution is an active field of research which may lead to a better understanding of viral pathogenesis. Using a pregnant mouse model, a study has recently suggested that immune modulation during pregnancy could promote the emergence of IAV quasispecies with increased virulence. Herein, we assess the clinical relevance of these findings in humans. We studied IAV intra-host diversity (ihD) in pregnant (n = 36) and non-pregnant (n = 23) women hospitalized in Lyon for IAV infection (01/2015–05/2018). Whole IAV genomes present in nasopharyngeal samples were sequenced in duplicate to analyze reproducible intra-host single nucleotide variants (ihSNV). Counts, relative frequencies and locations of ihSNV were used as indicators of ihD. The median ihSNV/kb counts per segment were between 0 and 1.3. There was >81% ihSNV at relative frequencies between 1–5% for H1N1 and >51% for H3N2 IAV. No significant difference was noted between pregnant and non-pregnant women when considering all or only non-synonymous ihSNV. Seven convergent non-synonymous ihSNV were found; none were significantly associated with pregnancy. These results suggest that modulation of the immune system during pregnancy in humans does not impact IAV ihD, in contrast to mice.
The Spillover Effects of Prudential Regulation on Banking Competition

European supervisors aggressively requested more capital at large banks. That may cut credit to the economy. We confirm that especially larger banks cut loans while less-significant banks partly offset that credit drop. Moreover, we identify nasty spillovers from that interaction. Specifically, larger banks’ deleveraging was associated with significant portfolio worsening for mid-sized banks. We conjecture that while small banks’ loan expansion was somewhat shielded by superior soft-information-based technologies, medium-sized banks were fully exposed to lending to bad borrowers as they boosted loans by relying on credit scoring and Internal Rating Based models. That is proving tricky through the prolonged European dip. Die europaischen Aufsichtsbehorden forderten aggressiv mehr Kapital bei den Grosbanken. Das konnte die Kreditvergabe an die Wirtschaft einschranken. Wir bestatigen, dass vor allem grosere Banken ihre Kredite kurzten, wahrend weniger bedeutende Banken diesen Kreditruckgang teilweise kompensierten. Daruber hinaus identifizieren wir unangenehme Spillovers aus dieser Interaktion. Insbesondere die Deleveraging-Aktivitaten der groseren Banken waren mit einer deutlichen Verschlechterung des Portfolios bei mittelgrosen Banken verbunden. Wir gehen davon aus, dass die Kreditausweitung der kleinen Banken zwar durch uberlegene Soft-Informationstechnologien etwas abgeschirmt war, dass aber mittelgrose Banken voll und ganz der Kreditvergabe an schlechte Kreditnehmer ausgesetzt waren, da sie die Kredite durch Kredit-Scoring und interne ratingbasierte Modelle ausweiteten. Das erweist sich als problematisch durch die anhaltende europaische Krise.
The Role of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complicated disease involving multiple pathogenic factors. The complex relationships between long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and the morbidity of IBD drive numerous studies to unravel the underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of LCFAs in IBD will substitute or boost the current IBD therapies, thereby obtaining mucosal healing. In this review, we focused on the roles of LCFAs on the important links of inflammatory regulation in IBD, including in the pathogen recognition phase and in the inflammatory resolving phase, and the effects of LCFAs on immune cells in IBD.
Alternative form to obtain the black globe temperature from environmental variables.

Reaching thermal comfort conditions of animals is essential to improve well-being and to obtain good productive performance. For that reason, farmers require tools to monitor the microclimatic situation inside the barn. Black Globe-Humidity Index (BGHI) acts as a producer management tool, assisting in the management of the thermal environment and in decision making how protect animals from heat stress. The objective of this work was to develop a mathematical model to estimate the black globe temperature starting from air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity. To reach this goal, data of air temperature and humidity were collected, with the aid of recording sensors. The black globe temperature was measured with a black copper globe thermometer and the air velocity was monitored with a hot wire anemometer. Data were analysed using a regression model to predict the black globe temperature as a function of the other variables monitored. The model was evaluated, based on the significance of the regression and the regression parameters, and the coefficient of determination (R2). The model proved to be adequate for the estimation of the black globe temperature with R2 = 0.9166 and the regression and its parameters being significant (p < 0.05). The percentage error of the model was low (approximately 2.2%). In conclusion, a high relation between the data estimated by the model with the data obtained by the standard black globe thermometer was demonstrated.
Highlights of NASA's Role in Developing State-of-the-Art Nondestructive Evaluation for Composites

Since the 1970's, when the promise of composites was being pursued for aeronautics applications, NASA has had programs that addressed the development of NDE methods for composites. These efforts included both microscopic and macroscopic NDE. At the microscopic level, NDE investigations interrogated composites at the submicron to micron level to understand a composite's microstructure. A novel microfocus CT system was developed as well as the science underlying applications of acoustic microscopy to a composite's component material properties. On the macroscopic scale NDE techniques were developed that advanced the capabilities to be faster and more quantitative. Techniques such as stiffness imaging, ultrasonic arrays, laser based ultrasound, advanced acoustic emission, thermography, and novel health monitoring systems were researched. Underlying these methods has been a strong modeling capability that has aided in method development.
aMerican indian/first nations youth

This study examines the growth of alcohol and marijuana use during early adolescence among a sample of 746 Indigenous youth (aged 10 – 12 years at wave 1; 50.3% female) of the upper Midwest and Canada, with a special focus on potential gender differences in these patterns. Research documenting the disproportionately high rates of Indigenous substance use, coupled by our lack of understanding of gender patterns among this group—especially in very early adolescence—highlight the need for this culturally specific work. Results of latent growth curve analyses from three waves of annual data collection indicate that the females in our sample engage in alcohol and marijuana use at rates similar to or greater than their male peers. This finding counters conventional ideas of gender and substance use that place young males at elevated rates of use compared to females, and also adds to our understanding of gendered substance use patterns among Indigenous youth.
Long term clinical disease progression in patients with Parkinson’s disease after STN Deep Brain Stimulation

Background: The objective of this study was to examine the clinical outcome and mortality of long-term deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Methods: We included all 144 patients (mean age, 60.3 years; mean disease duration, 11.0 years) treated in our center from 2001 to 2007. Results: Twelve months after surgery, the off-medication Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor score was reduced by a mean of 53%, and the annual increase after surgery was 3.2 points. The daily dose of dopaminergic medication was reduced by a mean of 49% and increased only marginally during follow-up. Twelve of the 144 patients died in the study period, including 2 suicides (1.4%). Survival was 97% after 3 years and 90% after 5 years. Conclusions: The study confirms the stable efficacy of long-term subthalamic stimulation in selected patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Throughout the study the patient characteristics at time of surgery changed, with less severe disease and shorter disease duration toward the end of the study period. VC 2011 Movement Disorder Society
RAPID PROTOTYPING OF NEWTON’S LAW EDUCATIONAL GAMES

The objective of this study is to develop Newton's Law educational games for form four Physic students. This software developed in Malay Language and the contents arranged according to Form Four Physics syllabus. This game was developed based on Rapid Prototyping model. Unity3D software used as main software in developing this game and also supported by Photoshop Adobe 7. This software contains multimedia elements which made this software more attractive, interactive and consequently could help students understanding of the Newton’s Law. This educational games gives hopes that inspire and help students to master the concepts and skills of Physics.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activities of Triazoles

A series of novel substituted triazole derivatives of 5,5'-diphenyl-4H4'H-3,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole-4,4'diamine 2a, 2,2'-(4,4'-diamino-4H, 4'H-3,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole-5,5'-diyl)diphenol2b, 5,5'-bis(4methoxyphenyl)-4H,4'H-3,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole-4,4'-diamine 2c and 4,4'-(4,4'-diamino-4H,4'H-3,3'-bi1,2,4-triazole-5,5'-diyl)bis(2-methoxyphenol) 2d were synthesized. The structure of newly synthesized compounds was established on the basis of FT-IR and H NMR. The invitro analysis of these compounds for their Insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activities were performed. The compounds 2b, 2c and 2d showed a moderate to high insecticidal and antibacterial activity. Compound 2a showed a maximum antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity. To understand the mode of action of anti-inflammatory activity, molecular docking studies were performed using AutoDock4.2. Compound 2b showed a competitive inhibitory activity and can act as lead molecule towards the drug designing. Keyword: Triazoles, Insecticidal, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-fungal, Molecular docking The work is licensed under
Electronic properties of strained (001) HgTe-CdTe superlattices

The electronic structure of strained (001) HgTe-CdTe superlattices is studied for (2, 2) ≤ (n, m) ≤ (20, 20), where n(m) is the number of monolayers of HgTe (CdTe). The effects of the valence band offset (VBO) are also considered. The calculation is based on an empirical tight binding (ETB) model together with a surface Green function matching analysis.
Shearing X-ray interferometer with an X-ray prism and its improvement

A wave-front dividing interferometer was devised in which half of a highly spatially coherent beam deflected by an x-ray prism is overlapped with another half. By placing the samples in the two beams and the x-ray imaging detector closely downstream of the sample, the differential phase of the sample is recorded on the imaging detector. The separation of the two paths at the sample plane, the amount of shear, was approximately 2 pm in the present experiment. This is easily controllable by changing the distance between the sample and the imaging detector. Phase retrieval using the fringe scanning method was successfully demonstrated for various kinds of weakly absorbing samples.
Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Nanowires—A Brief Introduction

Magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic nano-species of complex topology (e.g., nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, etc.) are overviewed briefly in the paper, mostly giving attention to the synthetic details and particle composition (e.g., core-shell structures made of different materials). Some aspects related to applications of magnetic nano-species are briefly discussed. While not being a comprehensive review, the paper offers a large collection of references, particularly useful for newcomers in the research area.
Effect of organic fertilizer and foliar spray with some safety compounds on growth and productivity of snap bean

A field experiment was carried out during the two successive fall seasons of 2014 and 2015 in a private farm at DamaloVillage, QalubiaGovernorate in clay soil, to investigate the effect of three nitrogen sources and foliar spray with some safety compound i.e., compost tea, seaweed extract (Algreen), micronized calcium carbonate (Lithovit) and distilled water (Control) on growth, chemical composition and productivity of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. River Grow. This experiments included 12 treatments resulted from the interaction between four foliar applications with safety compound treatments and three nitrogen sources (Chicken manure, Rabbit manure and mineral fertilizer) used at recommended dose of nitrogen (60 kg N/fed.). Obtained results showed that, Rabbit manure at 2.6 t/fed. reflected the highest values of early and total yield in both seasons. In this respect, safety compounds-sprayed plants showed its superiority in the vegetative growth, total produced green pods yield and its components as well as pod quality as compared with the control (distilled water). In addition, using Lithovit at 3 g/l followed by Algreenat 2 cm/lcombined with rabbit manure or mineral fertilizer as soil addition reflected the highest values in all studied growth and yield traits. Thereby, it could be recommended that foliar application with micronized calcium carbonate (Lithovit) as safety compound with mineral fertilizeror rabbit manure (as asource of nitrogen) could be used to improve growth, chemical composition, productivity and quality of snap bean.
Revealing Adsorption Behaviors of Amphoteric Polyacrylamide on Cellulose Fibers and Impact on Dry Strength of Fiber Networks

Amphoteric polyacrylamide (AmPAM) has been widely used in a variety of industrial areas and the adsorption behavior of AmPAM plays a crucial role in its applications. In this study, a series of AmPAMs with various molecular weights (MW) were synthesized; and their impact on dry strength of fiber networks or paper was assessed. The results showed that the optimal MW of AmPAM for strength enhancement ranged between 300 and 500 k. More importantly, the adsorption behaviors of three typical AmPAM samples on silica (model substrate) and cellulose surfaces were revealed using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) in situ and in real time. The adsorption dynamics of AmPAM and the conformation of the adlayers were further derived. The results indicated that a relatively high adsorption amount was achieved under the conditions of a high polymer concentration, a medium pH close to its isoelectric point (IEP), a mild ionic strength, and a high charged surface; whereas the MW of AmPAM had little effect on the equilibrium adsorption mass of AmPAM, but significantly affected the conformation of adsorbed layer on substrates. Based on the adsorption behaviors of AmPAM, the explanation of the best dry strength achieved in a narrow range of MW of AmPAM is proposed. It was concluded that the appropriate balance between bridging and flocculation, penetration into fiber pores, and conformation were only achieved in the optimal MW range of AmPAM. The findings obtained from in this work enable us to better understand the adsorption behaviors of polyampholyte, and provide a guideline on molecular design of AmPAM and its applications from both fundamental and practical points of view.
The Effect of Chief Accounting Officers on Financial Reporting Quality

I examine the effect of Chief Accounting Officers (CAOs) on financial reporting quality. I proxy for financial reporting quality using severe and non-severe restatements, abnormal accruals, just meeting or beating analyst forecasts, and internal control weaknesses (ICWs). I find that firms with CAOs have lower rates of severe restatements, just meet-or-beats, and ICWs. These results are consistent with the CAO improving financial reporting quality. I further structure tests that control for the firm’s endogenous choice to appoint a CAO, results are generally consistent. I also test financial reporting quality by examining earnings management around seasoned equity offerings. I find that accruals earnings management is mitigated in CAO firms. Next, I check CAO, CEO, and CFO compensation and career concerns to determine if differences in incentives drive these findings. CAO turnover occurs in the years around restatements and ICWs. I also find that CAO tenure is negatively associated with severe restatements, abnormal accruals, just meetor-beats, and ICWs. Overall, these results suggest that having a designated CAO is associated with various improvements in financial reporting quality and that these improvements are related to the CAO's tenure within the firm. I thank my dissertation committee, Maureen McNichols, Ron Kasznik, and Brandon Gipper, the other faculty members at Stanford University, and my peers in the Ph.D. program at Stanford University for their guidance, comments, and suggestions.
History of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and unknown etiology. In this review, we identified three main eras in the IBD history. Between the 19th and the 20th century, the primary task had been the definition of the diagnostic criteria in order to differentiate the new entity from intestinal tuberculosis. In the 20th century, an intense and prolific therapeutic research prevailed, culminating in the introduction of biological drugs in the clinical setting. Since the beginning of the 21st century, traditional definition criteria have been challenged by holistic criteria in an effort to seek a still unattained cure. Centuries of worldwide efforts on IBD etiology and therapy search have culminated in this novel strategy.
The Olfactory Bulb Facilitates Use of Category Bounds for Classification of Odorants in Different Intensity Groups

Signal processing of odor inputs to the olfactory bulb (OB) changes through top-down modulation whose shaping of neural rhythms in response to changes in stimulus intensity is not understood. Here we asked whether the representation of a high vs. low intensity odorant in the OB by oscillatory neural activity changed as the animal learned to discriminate odorant concentration ranges in a go-no go task. We trained mice to discriminate between high vs. low concentration odorants by learning to lick to the rewarded group (low or high). We recorded the local field potential (LFP) in the OB of these mice and calculated the theta-referenced beta or gamma oscillation power (theta phase-referenced power, or tPRP). We found that as the mouse learned to differentiate odorant concentrations, tPRP diverged between trials for the rewarded vs. the unrewarded concentration range. For the proficient animal, linear discriminant analysis was able to predict the rewarded odorant group and the performance of this classifier correlated with the percent correct behavior in the odor concentration discrimination task. Interestingly, the behavioral response and decoding accuracy were asymmetric as a function of concentration when the rewarded stimulus was shifted between the high and low odorant concentration ranges. A model for decision making motivated by the statistics of OB activity that uses a single threshold in a logarithmic concentration scale displays this asymmetry. Taken together with previous studies on the intensity criteria for decisions on odorant concentrations, our finding suggests that OB oscillatory events facilitate decision making to classify concentrations using a single intensity criterion.
The NMC Horizon Report: 2012 Higher Education Edition.

This report identifies and describes emerging technologies likely to have a large impact over the coming five years in higher education around the world. It highlights six emerging technologies or practices that are likely to enter mainstream use within three adoption horizons (one year or less; two to three years; four to five years) over the next five years. Key trends and challenges that will affect current practice over the same period frame these discussions.
A semiconductor model for the single quantum dot laser

The emission properties of a single quantum‐dot laser are studied on the basis of a semiconductor model. Coulomb interaction and excitation‐induced effects like dephasing and screening lead to an interplay of excitonic and biexcitonic emission contributions at the cavity frequency. In the input/output curve and photon statistics, this leads to novel features that cannot be explained in terms of atomic models for a single‐emitter laser. Rather, they are a result of the particular properties of the QD emitter.
Weakly labelled AudioSet Classification with Attention Neural Networks

Audio tagging is the task of predicting the presence or absence of sound classes within an audio clip. Previous work in audio classification focused on relatively small datasets limited to recognising a small number of sound classes. We investigate audio tagging on AudioSet, which is a dataset consisting of over 2 million audio clips and 527 classes. AudioSet is weakly labelled, in that only the presence or absence of sound classes is known for each clip, while the onset and offset times are unknown. To address the weakly-labelled audio classification problem, we propose attention neural networks as a way to attend the the most salient parts of an audio clip. We bridge the connection between attention neural networks and multiple instance learning (MIL) methods, and propose decision-level and feature-level attention neural networks for audio tagging. We investigate attention neural networks modelled by different functions, depths and widths. Experiments on AudioSet show that the feature-level attention neural network achieves a state-of-the-art mean average precision (mAP) of 0.369, outperforming the best multiple instance learning (MIL) method of 0.317 and Google's deep neural network baseline of 0.314. In addition, we discover that the audio tagging performance on AudioSet embedding features has a weak correlation with the number of training examples and the quality of labels of each sound class.
Extracting PICO Elements From RCT Abstracts Using 1-2gram Analysis And Multitask Classification

The core of evidence-based medicine is to read and analyze numerous papers in the medical literature on a specific clinical problem and summarize the authoritative answers to that problem. Currently, to formulate a clear and focused clinical problem, the popular PICO framework is usually adopted, in which each clinical problem is considered to consist of four parts: patient/problem (P), intervention (I), comparison (C) and outcome (O). In this study, we compared several classification models that are commonly used in traditional machine learning. Next, we developed a multitask classification model based on a soft-margin SVM with a specialized feature engineering method that combines 1-2gram analysis with TF-IDF analysis. Finally, we trained and tested several generic models on an open-source data set from BioNLP 2018. The results show that the proposed multitask SVM classification model based on 1-2gram TF-IDF features exhibits the best performance among the tested models.