Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EGFR mutation: a prognostic factor associated with immune infiltration in lower-grade glioma.

Glioma is one of the most common type of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. EGFR mutation, a common alteration occurs in various tumors, is not brought to the forefront in understanding and treating glioma at present. In the present study, we demonstrated an immune infiltration related pattern of EGFR mutation in lower-grade glioma. In silico analyses were performed to investigate EGFR mutation and its biological effects and clinical values. GO and GSEA process were used as enrichment analysis. Infiltration levels of specific types of immune cells were estimated at TIMER database. Clinical data of patients were obtained from TCGA and were employed for survival analyses. Results revealed that EGFR mutation leads to an up-regulation of immune response related pathways and dismal prognosis in lower-grade glioma. Infiltration of CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells were significantly increased in EGFR-mutant cases. Infiltration of specific types of immune cells were correlated with shorter survival time. PD-L1 was elevated in EGFR-mutant cases and correlated with infiltration level of CD4+ T cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells. In conclusion, EGFR mutation indicates increasing infiltration of specific types of immune cells and poor prognosis in lower-grade glioma. Alteration of immune microenvironment since the EGFR mutation might influence the survival of glioma. We also provided a novel evidence and indicator of PD-1 inhibitor application in glioma.
Design study and scaled experiments for high-power DC-DC conversion for HVDC-systems

The design of a high-efficiency DC-DC power converter, which can be used in high-voltage DC power transmission and distribution applications, is given in this paper. The DC-DC power converter, named an electronic DC-transformer, consists of a zero-voltage switching, phase-shift controlled, full-bridge IGBT-inverter, a high-frequency transformer and a voltage rectifier. The converter is analyzed and a design of a 1 MW electronic DC-transformer is presented. Also simulation and test results of a 3.6 kW, scaled model of the DC-transformer are presented. Further a description of methods to control voltage and current, by introducing a varying time delay between the two legs of the inverter, is presented in this paper.
An efficient catalytic asymmetric route to 1-aryl-2-imidazol-1-yl-ethanols

The asymmetric hydrogenation of 1-aryl-2-imidazol-1-yl-ethanones offers a concise route to homochiral 1-aryl-2-imidazol-1-yl-ethanols. Catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation with formic acid using [(R,R)-TsDPEN]Ru(Cymene)Cl as precatalyst was shown to be effective in this transformation. Preliminary process development showed that the hydrogenation could be carried out under mild conditions at a molar substrate-to-catalyst (S/C) ratio of 1000−2000.
HIGH ASPECT RATIO POLYIMIDE ETCHING USING AN OXYGEN PLASMA GENERATED BY ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE SOURCE

High aspect ratio etching of polyimide in an O2 plasma generated by an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source was investigated. The dependence of etch rate, profile, and selectivity on microwave power, rf power, pressure, etch time, and gas composition were characterized. Etch rate was found to increase with microwave and rf power. Etch anisotropy increases with rf power but decreases with pressure and etch time. With 750 W microwave power, 300 W rf power, and 0.5 mTorr pressure, the polyimide etch rate was 0.91 μm/min and the anisotropy was 0.92. Etch selectivity between polyimide and the Ti mask was 3150:1 at 50 W and 536:1 at 300 W rf power. Compared to reactive ion etching, etching using an ECR source provides etch rate that is typically 10× faster and etch selectivity that is 4–6× higher. High aspect ratio (≳15:1) structures in polyimide that were 50 μm deep and 3 μm wide have been obtained using an O2 plasma generated by an ECR source.
Accelerating cross-validation in multinomial logistic regression with l 1 -regularization

We develop an approximate formula for evaluating a cross-validation estimator of predictive likelihood for multinomial logistic regression regularized by an l1-norm. This allows us to avoid repeated optimizations required for literally conducting cross-validation; hence, the computational time can be significantly reduced. The formula is derived through a perturbative approach employing the largeness of the data size and the model dimensionality. An extension to the elastic net regularization is also addressed. The usefulness of the approximate formula is demonstrated on simulated data and the ISOLET dataset from the UCI machine learning repository. MATLAB and python codes implementing the approximate formula are distributed in (Obuchi, 2017; Takahashi and Obuchi, 2017).
The prediction of repeated sprint and speed endurance performance by parameters of critical velocity models in soccer

Background and Study Aim. The prediction of running anaerobic sprint test and 800 m performance by parameters of critical velocity was examined in this study. Material and Methods. The participants of study were consisted of thirteen amateur soccer players (n=13, age=22.69±5.29 years, weight=72.46±6.32 kg, height=176.92±6.73 cm). The 800 and 2400 m running tests were performed for determination of critical velocity and anaerobic distance capacity. The critical velocity and anaerobic distance capacity were determined by three mathematical models (linear total distance, linear velocity, non-linear two parameter model). The repeated sprint and sprint endurance ability was determined by running anaerobic sprint test and 800 m running test. The simple and multiple linear regression analysis was used for prediction of dependent variables (running anaerobic sprint test and 800 m running performance) by independent variables (critical velocity and anaerobic distance capacity) of study. The correlation between variables was determined by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results. It was found that anaerobic distance capacity was a significant predictor of running anaerobic sprint test and 800 m running performance (p˂0.05). However, it was determined that critical velocity predicted significantly only time parameters of running anaerobic sprint test and 800 m test (p˂0.05). Also, the parameters of 800 m test (except for average velocity) were significantly predicted by running anaerobic sprint test parameters (p˂0.05). Conclusions. It may be concluded that anaerobic distance capacity is an indicator of repeated sprint and speed endurance ability in soccer and may be used in improvement of sprint endurance performance.
Partition of Free Fatty Acids in Deacidiﬁcation of Macaúba Pulp Oil by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using Ethanol/Water as Solvent

Free fatty acids (FFA) is one of the most frequently determined quality indices in fats and oils industry because it has the economic impacts on production [1]. The FFA in macaúba pulp oil is usually very high (10 to 40%) due to enzymatic activity in the raw material [2]. In this case, alkali neutralization is not economically recommended due to neutral oil loss by occlusion in soapstock. The differential solubility of fatty acids and triacylglycerides (TAG) in various organic solvents has formed the basis of several processes for deacidiﬁcation of crude oils by liquid–liquid extraction [3]. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of raw oil acidity, ethanol/water ratio, water content in ethanol and temperature extraction on partition coefficients of FFA during macaúba oil deacidification. The macaúba crude oil presented high acid index, about 86  1.2 mg KOH/g. The extraction data for the system macaúba oil + free fatty acids + ethanol + water was determined for oil:solvent mass ratios 1:1. Alcoholic solutions containing 2 to 10 % (w/w) of water were used to FFA extraction and the partition coefficients were determined after 24 hours at room temperature (293 K). The phase’s separation was observed for water content in the mixture above 4%. After solvent evaporation, the FFA in oil phase was evaluated by AOCS standard method. Regarding the high acid oil, the single stage liquid-liquid extraction reduced the FFA in macaúba pulp oil in about 23 % while the three batch stages reduced up to 60%. At the selected parameters (ethanol 94oGL, solvent/substrate ratio = 2), the partition coefficients in the firs stage to FFA (KFFA) were 30.45, 12.00 and 1.95, respectively to high acid, acid and low acid macaúba oils and the partition coefficients to TAG (KTAG) were 7.07, 0.04 and 0.02, respectively to high acid, acid and low acid macaúba oils. These results show the potential of ethanol to vegetable oil deacidification. Besides reduced generation of environmental pollutants, this new approach could also lead to reduction in oil losses, especially for low acid oil.
Microphysics-based black carbon aging in a global CTM: constraints from HIPPO observations and implications for global black carbon budget

Abstract. We develop and examine a microphysics-based black carbon (BC) aerosol aging scheme that accounts for condensation, coagulation, and heterogeneous chemical oxidation processes in a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) by interpreting the BC measurements from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO, 2009–2011) using the model. We convert aerosol mass in the model to number concentration by assuming lognormal aerosol size distributions and compute the microphysical BC aging rate (excluding chemical oxidation aging) explicitly from the condensation of soluble materials onto hydrophobic BC and the coagulation between hydrophobic BC and preexisting soluble particles. The chemical oxidation aging is tested in the sensitivity simulation. The microphysical aging rate is ∼ 4 times higher in the lower troposphere over source regions than that from a fixed aging scheme with an e-folding time of 1.2 days. The higher aging rate reflects the large emissions of sulfate–nitrate and secondary organic aerosol precursors hence faster BC aging through condensation and coagulation. In contrast, the microphysical aging is more than 5-fold slower than the fixed aging in remote regions, where condensation and coagulation are weak. Globally, BC microphysical aging is dominated by condensation, while coagulation contribution is largest over eastern China, India, and central Africa. The fixed aging scheme results in an overestimate of HIPPO BC throughout the troposphere by a factor of 6 on average. The microphysical scheme reduces this discrepancy by a factor of ∼ 3, particularly in the middle and upper troposphere. It also leads to a 3-fold reduction in model bias in the latitudinal BC column burden averaged along the HIPPO flight tracks, with largest improvements in the tropics. The resulting global annual mean BC lifetime is 4.2 days and BC burden is 0.25 mg m−2, with 7.3 % of the burden at high altitudes (above 5 km). Wet scavenging accounts for 80.3 % of global BC deposition. We find that, in source regions, the microphysical aging rate is insensitive to aerosol size distribution, condensation threshold, and chemical oxidation aging, while it is the opposite in remote regions, where the aging rate is orders of magnitude smaller. As a result, global BC burden and lifetime show little sensitivity (
Towards Improved Reaction Runaway Assessment Methods I. Simple Calorimetric Method Of Evaluation Of Heat Transfer Coefficient And Reactor Thermal Mass

The use of reaction calorimetry in the chemical industry is constantly growing. Its use aims at the assessment and subsequent reductions of the risks arising from reaction thermal runaways in the event of cooling system malfunction or agitation failure and at optimum process design.A reaction calorimeter is a small-scale automated jacketed reactor equipped with a precise temperature controller, which is capable of heat balancing. The reactor contents may be heated or cooled by heat-transfer oil and they are continuously agitated. A powerful thermostatic bath allows rapid adjustment of jacket temperature to maintain the desired reactor temperature-profile. The reactor and jacket temperatures as well as a number of other quantities are continuously measured. A heat balance, based on a number of assumptions, is used for the evaluation of the heat of reaction and its global kinetics. The evaluation of the overall heat transfer coefficient and the accumulated heat are achieved by means of calibrations. Their measurement is, in the main, long. Also it is very often lacking sufficient accuracy.In the present approach, a simple method for the accurate evaluation of the overall heat transfer coefficient is presented. It is also shown how the analysis of the heat-balance equations in different stages can be used for the simultaneous evaluation of a number of quantities and constants of the reaction calorimeter using a single set of calibration experiments.
Characterization of plasma-induced phenol advanced oxidation process in a DBD reactor

Using phenol as a model organic pollutant we studied and characterized an innovative advanced oxidation process in water using a prototype dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor in which electrical discharges are produced in the air above the water surface. Phenol is decomposed quite efficiently in this reactor operated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The process selectivity to form CO 2 is, however, to be improved since a large fraction of the treated organic carbon is unaccounted for. The rate of phenol conversion increases linearly with the reciprocal of the pollutant initial concentration, suggesting the operation of a mechanism of inhibition by products as found earlier for oxidation of volatile organic pollutants in air plasmas.
Molecular Modelling of the Morphology of Organic Crystals in the Presence of Impurity Species: Recent Applications to Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, and Caprolactam Crystals

ABSTRACT A molecular modelling capability for predicting the purity and morphology of solids manufactured via crystallisation is important in the realisation of a ‘molecule-up’ or product-centred, approach for the optimisation of chemical processes. Recent work on producing the morphology of molecular solids based upon the molecular and crystal chemistry is presented. The approach is based on the atom-atom method for calculating surface attachment energies, and from these relative crystal growth rates as a function of crystallographic growth direction. The computations have been recently [2 13-15] developed to be able to treat the effects of impurity species that influence morphology. Molecular modelling procedures include an optimisation of the position and orientation of the adsorbed additive within the host lattice hence, simulating the crystal chemistry of the hetero-species within the host lattice. Case studies include naphthalene and phenanthrene in the presence of biphenyl impurity and caprolactam in the presence of synthesis impurities.
A Gas-assisted Gravity Drainage Process in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

Abstract Water alternating gas injection or simultaneous water and gas injection have been proposed as a good candidate to minimize gravity segregation and provide more efficient enhanced oil recovery performance in comparison to conventional continuous gas injection. However, water alternating gas-based processes can cause some difficulties with an increase in water saturation (e.g., water shielding) including diminished gas injectivity (Rao et al., 2004). As an effective alternative for water alternating gas injection, gas-assisted gravity drainage was developed for conventional reservoirs (U.S. Patent 2006/0289157) that takes advantage of the natural segregation of gas from liquid hydrocarbon during injection. The gas-assisted gravity drainage process consists of placing a horizontal well near the bottom of an oil column and injecting gas through existing vertical wells. Gravity segregation of injected gas will cause liquid hydrocarbon and water to drain down to the aforementioned horizontal well. Application of gas-assisted gravity drainage for enhanced oil recovery in a naturally fractured reservoir is evaluated in this article based on some facts and figures.
Kinetic molecular sieving, thermodynamic and structural aspects of gas/vapor sorption on metal organic framework [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipyridine)1.5(H3L)(H2O)3][H2O]7 where H6L = 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl tris(methylene)triphosphonic acid

A metal organic framework [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H3L)(H2O)3]·[H2O]7 where H6L = 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl tris(methylene)triphosphonic acid and 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine has been prepared. The structures of [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H3L)(H2O)3]·[H2O]7 and the desolvated form [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H3L)(H2O)3] have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and the framework structures are virtually identical with the former having disordered water molecules in the pores. The framework structure comprises of two-dimensional Ni1.5(H3L) layers and 4,4′-bipy linkers acting as pillars with an unusual framework topology of a (3, 3, 6) net that can be denoted as: {4·62}2{63}2{68·85·102}. The framework has one-dimensional channels decorated with acidic O–H groups with irregular shape varying from narrow windows (cross section: 4.2 × 4.2 A) to pore cavities (diameter: ∼12 A). Thermogravimetric studies showed that both coordinated and lattice water molecules adsorbed in pores were removed in ultra-high vacuum to give [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H3L)]. The water vapor adsorption isotherm for [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H3L)] showed that 3 coordinated and ∼7 pore lattice water molecules were adsorbed and the framework structure was reformed. The desorption isotherm showed that the lattice water was easily desorbed in vacuum at 20 °C to form [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H3L)(H2O)3]. The ethanol adsorption isotherms for [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H3L)] for temperature range 20–50 °C were markedly hysteretic. The stoichiometry was [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H3L)]·[1.11C2H5OH] at p/p0 = 0.97 and 20 °C gave a total pore volume approximately half that of [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H3L)(H2O)3]. The desorption isotherms show that ethanol is strongly retained with decreasing pressure indicating a stable framework structure. The kinetic profiles for oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water and ethanol vapors, can be described by Fickian, combined barrier resistance/diffusion (CBRD), and stretched exponential models for both adsorption and desorption. Gas adsorption studies for [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H3L)] reveal kinetic molecular sieving occurs with very high kinetic selectivity for O2/N2 at 0 °C. Carbon dioxide adsorption has intermediate rates of adsorption between oxygen and nitrogen. The isosteric enthalpy for CO2 adsorption at zero surface coverage was 30.7 ± 2.4 kJ mol−1. The corresponding activation energy for diffusion of CO2 into the framework was ∼48 kJ mol−1. Narrow constrictions in the porous structure of [Ni1.5(4,4′-bipy)1.5(H3L)] give rise to kinetic molecular sieving effects and do not allow adsorption of molecules such as methane, which has a larger cross-section. The selectivity for CO2/CH4 was very high (x1000) at 30 °C. The adsorption results are discussed in terms of diffusion, thermodynamics and surface interactions in pores.
Degradation of Gate Oxide Integrity by Metal Impurities

The degradation of gate oxide integrity (GOI) by metal impurities on Si wafers was studied. Ni and Cu tended to precipitate at the Si surface after high-temperature annealing. When these precipitates existed before gate oxidation, they penetrated into the gate oxide film and degraded GOI. Fe tended to remain in the oxide film after oxidation and degraded GOI. The degradation was observed for annealed samples when the surface metal concentration exceeded 1.0×1012 atoms/cm2 of Ni or 5.0×1012 atoms/cm2 of Cu. It was also observed with contamination of 1.0×1013 atoms/cm2 of Fe without annealing.
Superconductivity at 2.8 K and 1.5 kbar in .kappa.-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3: the first organic superconductor containing a polymeric copper cyanide anion

Attempts to synthesize new k-phase superconductors have concentrated on ET salts with complex anions composed of Cu(I) or Ag(I) metal ions and pseudohalide anions. The targeted anion approach', by use of a preformed anion found in KCu{sub 2}(CN){sub 3}. H{sub 2}O and the presence of trace amounts of water, led to the discovery of the first copper-cyanide containing superconductor, K-(ET){sub 2}Cu{sub 2}(CN){sub 3}. The crystal structure, superconducting properties, and band electronic structure are described in this article. The complex k-(ET){sub 2}Cu{sub 2}(CN){sub 3} is in many ways similar to the superconductor K-(ET){sub 2}Cu(N(CN){sub 2})Cl, the superconductor with the highest T{sub c} reported to date. 28 refs., 3 figs.
Solution of a Class of Multistage Dynamic Optimization Problems. 2. Problems with Path Constraints

This paper considers the treatment of general equality and inequality path constraints in the context of the control vector parametrization approach to the optimization of dynamic systems described by mixed sets of differential and algebraic equations (DAEs) of index not exceeding 1. Equality path constraints are handled by incorporating as many of them as possible within the DAE system itself without increasing its index. This allows a subset of the control variables to be determined from the solution of the augmented DAE system. The issues involved in establishing an appropriate partitioning of the control variable vector are examined. Inequality path constraints are handled through the combined application of the discretization of these constraints at a finite number of points, and forcing an integral measure of their violation to zero. Numerical experiments demonstrating the advantages of this hybrid technique over its individual components are presented.
Side‐chain terpyridine polymers through atom transfer radical polymerization and their ruthenium complexes

Polymers containing side-chain terpyridine ligands of well-defined architectures and controllable molecular weights and molecular weight distributions are reported. These polymers were synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of a newly synthesized terpyridine monomer with three functional initiators. The obtained polymers were characterized with 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography techniques. The efficiency of the ATRP technique and the overall control of the molecular characteristics of the polymers were demonstrated by a kinetic study of the polymerization reaction. Subsequently, the ruthenium(III)/ruthenium(II) complexation chemistry was employed for the attachment of bis(dodecyloxy)-functionalized terpyridine moieties onto each side 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine unit of the main polymeric backbone. Thus, the grafting approach was successfully combined with the metal–ligand coordination chemistry for the preparation of highly soluble polymeric complexes. The resulting complexes were fully characterized by means of 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4838–4848, 2005