Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
pH and Redox Induced Color Changes in Protein Crystals Suffused with Dyes

Protein crystals, otherwise usually colorless, can be stained a variety of hues by saturating them with dyes, by diffusion from the mother liquor or co-crystallization. The colors assumed by dyes are a function of chemical factors, particularly pH and redox potential. Protein crystals saturated with a pH sensitive dye, initially at one pH, can be exposed to the mother liquor at a second pH and the crystal will change color over time as H3O+ ions diffuse through the crystal. This allows diffusion rates of H3O+ through the crystal to be measured. Diffusion fronts are often clearly delineated. Similar experiments can be carried out with redox sensitive dyes by adding reductants, such as ascorbic acid or dithionite, or oxidants such as H2O2, to the crystal’s mother liquor. Presented here are a number of experiments using pH or redox sensitive dye-saturated protein crystals, and some experiments using double dye, sequential redox–pH changes.
The fate of xylem-transported CO2 in plants

The concentration of carbon dioxide in tree stems can be ~30-750 times higher than current atmospheric [CO2]. Dissolved inorganic carbon enters the xylem from root and stem respiration and travels with water through the plant. However, the fate of much of this xylem-transported CO2 is unknown. In these studies I examined the fate of xylem-transported CO2 traveling through the petiole and leaf. This was accomplished by placing cut leaves from a woody and herbaceous C3 species, and a Kranz-type C4 species, in a solution of dissolved NaH 13 CO3 at concentrations similar to those measured in nature. This allowed me to track the efflux of 13 CO2 using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and compare this with 12 CO2 fluxes derived from plant metabolism. The objective of the first study was to measure the efflux of xylemtransported CO2 out of the woody species Populus deltoides and the herbaceous C3 species Brassica napus in the dark by testing the relationship among the concertation of bicarbonate in the xylem, the rate of transpiration, and the rate of gross CO2 efflux. I found when the concentration of CO2 in the xylem is high and when the rate of transpiration is also high, the magnitude of 13 CO2 efflux can approach half of the rate of respiration in the dark. v The second study extends measurements of the fate of xylem-transported CO2 into lighted conditions where photosynthesis is active. I measured 12 CO2 and 13 CO2 fluxes across lightand CO2-response curves with the objectives of: 1) determining how much and under what conditions xylem-transported CO2 exited cut leaves in the light, and 2) determining how much xylem-transported CO2 was used for photosynthesis and when the overall contribution to photosynthesis was most important. I found that in the light the contribution of xylem-transported CO2 is most important when intercellular [CO2] is low which occurs under high irradiance and low [CO2]. The last study focused on the efflux and use of xylem-transported CO2 in the Kranz-type C4 species, Amaranthus hypochondriacus. Species with Kranz anatomy have highly active photosynthetic cells surrounding the vascular bundle, which is where xylem-transported CO2 would first interact with photosynthetic cells. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) the rate and total efflux of xylemtransported CO2 exiting a cut leaf of the Kranz-type C4 species, A. hypochondriacus, in the dark and 2) the rate and contribution of xylem-transported CO2 to total assimilation in the light for A. hypochondriacus. Rates of dark efflux of xylemtransported CO2 out of A. hypochondriacus leaves were lower in the dark compared to rates observed in B. napus across the same rates of transpiration and bicarbonate concentrations. In the light a higher portion of xylem-transported CO2 was used for photosynthesis in A. hypochondriacus compared to B. napus suggesting that Kranz anatomy influences how C4 plants use xylem-transported CO2 for photosynthesis.
SEROTONIN 1B/1A RECEPTOR MODULATION ON BEHAVIORAL FLEXIBILITY IN C57BL/6J MICE

iii LIST OF FIGURES . vi CHAPTER ONE: OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER . 1 CHAPTER TWO: NEUROLOGICAL BASIS OF OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER . 5 CHAPTER THREE: SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENTS OF OBSESSIVECOMPULSIVE DISORDER . 11 CHAPTER FOUR: SEROTONIN IN OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER. 16 CHAPTER FIVE: ANIMAL MODELS OF OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER . 22 CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY AND HYPOTHESES . 25 CHAPTER SEVEN: METHODS . 28 Subjects . 28 Treatment . 28 Behavioral Testing . 29 Spatial Probabilistic Reversal Learning . 29 Open Field Test . 33 Statistical Analysis . 33 CHAPTER EIGHT: RESULTS . 35 Spatial Probabilistic Reversal Learning. 35 Open Field Test . 38 CHAPTER NINE: DISCUSSION . 44 Spatial Probabilistic Reversal Learning. 45 Open Field Test . 46
Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes by infinite one dimensional coordination polymer based on Zn(II) in water

A new d 10‑ based Zn(II) coordination polymer (CP), formulated as [Zn(SO 4 ) 3 (DMF) 3 ] n ( 1 ), has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The single crystal X-ray diffraction results indicates that CP 1 forms 1D inorganic –[Zn–SO 4 –Zn] n – chain along the ac plane. The thermal stability, UV/Vis diffuse-reflection spectrum and photocatalytic behavior of 1 against organic dyes have been investigated. The photocatalysis results indicate that 1 displays better photocatalytic activities against RhBin comparison toMV. The probable mechanism associated with the photocatalysis of 1 against organic dyes has been addressed using density of states (DOS) calculations. KEY WORDS : Zn(II), Coordination polymers, X-ray, Photocatalysis, DOS Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2019 , 33(1), 51-60 DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.4314/bcse.v33i1. 5
Light Induced Plating of Silicon Solar Cells Using Boric Acid-Free Nickel Chemistry

A novel boric acid-free nickel plating chemistry has been developed to plate nickel onto silicon solar cells. This bath enables light induced plating (LIP) of nickel without the use of external rectification. The resulting deposit is low stress and has been shown to be an effective barrier to copper diffusion. Solar cells plated using this nickel bath demonstrate electrical, adhesion and reliability results similar to silver paste controls. In addition, these plated cells have lower contact resistance and higher metal conductivity than silver paste controls using similarly diffused wafers. The advantages of a boric acid-free nickel bath will be reviewed in detail.
Bifunctional Tailoring of Platinum Surfaces with Earth Abundant Iron Oxide Nanowires for Boosted Formic Acid Electro-Oxidation

To expedite the marketing of direct formic acid fuel cells, a peerless inexpensive binary FeOx/Pt nanocatalyst was proposed for formic acid electro-oxidation (FAO). The roles of both catalytic ingredients (FeOx and Pt) were inspired by testing the catalytic performance of FAO at the FeOx/Au and FeOx/GC analogies. The deposition of FeOx proceeded electrochemically with a post‐activating step that identified the catalyst’s structure and performance. With a proper adaptation for the deposition and activation processes, the FeOx/Pt nanocatalyst succeeded to mitigate the typical CO poisoning that represents the principal element deteriorating the catalytic performance of the direct formic acid fuel cells. It also provided a higher (eightfold) catalytic efficiency than the bare Pt substrates toward FAO with a much better durability. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were all employed to inspect, respectively, the surface morphology, bulk composition, and crystal structure of the catalyst. The electrochemical impedance spectra could correlate the charge transfer resistances for FAO over the inspected set of catalysts to explore the role of FeOx in mediating the reaction mechanism.
Effect of Obstacles on Flame Propagation Characteristics of Corn Starch Dust

ABSTRACT The combustible and explosive characteristics of corn starch dust pose a significant safety risk in its production and processing. To reveal the influence of obstacle opening sizes on the flame propagation characteristics, a self-designed vertical experimental platform of a dust combustion pipeline was implemented. Specifically, the flame temperature and pressure changes in the pipeline were collected by micro-thermocouples and pressure sensors, and dust flame images under different conditions were recorded by a high-speed photography system. The results demonstrate that, after being set in the pipeline, the obstacle destroys the flame structure and causes the flame to exist in a strong turbulent and irregular state. Meanwhile, owing to the blocking of the obstacle, the flame may disappear under certain conditions and brightness is reduced. The obstacles have an incentive effect on the flame temperature, and the obstacle opening size is inversely proportional to the peak temperature of the corn dust flame. With an increasing obstacle opening size, the combustion pressure first increases and then decreases. At an opening size of 50 × 50 mm2, the combustion pressure reaches its highest value. Although the obstacles exert an incentive increase on the combustion pressure wave at large opening sizes, obstacles with a sufficiently small opening size significantly inhibit the pressure wave propagation.
STUDI PARAMETER DESAIN TERAS INTEGRAL PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR DENGAN BAHAN BAKAR MIXED OXIDE FUEL MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM SRAC

STUDI PARAMETER DESAIN TERAS PWR INTEGRAL DENGAN BAHAN BAKAR MOXMENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM SRAC. PWR Integral menggunakan bahan bakar MOX dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan elektrifikasi di negara kepulauan dan mengakomodasi pergantian bahanbakar dari UO2 menuju MOX. PWR Integral merupakan reaktor nuklir modular dengan daya 160 MWt untuksatu modulnya. Saat ini, PWR Integral menggunakan bahan bakar UO2 sebagai bahan bakar utama. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan performa teras reaktor dari yang sebelumnya menggunakan bahanbakar UO2 menjadi bahan bakar MOX. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara memvariasikan rasio PuO2 dalambahan bakar MOX, jumlah bahan bakar, dan jenis kelongsong dengan menggunakan sistem kode SRAC2006.Studi parameter dilakukan dengan memperhatikan nilai keff, rasio konversi, dan jumlah aktinida, serta akandilakukan pula perbandingan dengan teras reaktor yang menggunakan bahan bakar UO2. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan performa teras reaktor dengan bahan bakar MOX lebih baik daripada UO2. Desain teras PWRIntegral yang paling optimum adalah teras dengan rasio PuO2 dalam MOX 12%, diameter teras 165 cm, danjenis kelongsong Zircalloy-4. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari periode kekritisan teras reaktor yang mencapai 1521hari dengan nilai CR paling rendah adalah 0,622004. Excess reactivity yang dimiliki juga lebih rendah yaitu1,0745932 dimana desain UO2 bernilai 1,1035821. Aktinida yang dihasilkan mengalami tren penurunan seiringreaktor beroperasi.
Interactions between apolar, basic and acidic model oils and a calcite surface

Abstract In this study, the atomic force microscopy colloidal probe technique was employed to investigate the interaction between apolar, basic and acidic model oil probes and a calcite surface in solutions containing different concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2 and Na2SO4. In the presence of SO42−, hydration and structural forces were observed between apolar model oil probes and a calcite surface on approach. Relatively low adhesion forces were observed between the basic model oil probes and the calcite surface, while higher adhesion forces were observed between the acidic model oil probes and the calcite surface. Furthermore, the adhesion forces between the basic model oil probes and the calcite surface significantly increased in the presence of SO42−, while the adhesion force between the acidic model oil probes and the calcite surface decreased in the presence of Ca2+ or SO42−. The differences in the adhesion forces are related to electrostatic attraction and ion bridging forces between the model oil probes and the calcite surface.
Study of some volumetric properties of {ethanol (1) + propylene glycol (2) + water (3)} mixtures at several temperatures

ABSTRACT Molar volumes and excess molar volumes were investigated from measured density values for {ethanol (1) + propylene glycol (2) + water (3)} ternary mixtures at temperatures from 293.15 K to 313.15 K. All the mixtures exhibit negative excess volumes probably due to increased interactions like hydrogen bonding and/or large differences in molar volumes of these three components. Thermal volume expansion coefficients were also calculated for ternary mixtures. Furthermore, the Jouyban-Acree model was used for density and molar volume correlations of the ternary mixtures at different temperatures. The mean relative deviations between experimental and back-calculated density and molar volume data were 0.06% and 0.30%, respectively.
Concussions symptoms among icelandic female athletes : can concussion-related instruction affect the development of concussion symptoms today

The purpose of the study was to examine if concussion-related instruction can affect the development of concussion symptoms today. This was done by exploring the difference in the total number of concussion symptoms of Icelandic female athletes depending on whether they received instructions following injury. It was also examined whether the quality of information matters regarding concussion symptoms today. The current study tested two hypotheses. The first hypothesis suggested that the athletes that got instructions following the injury had a better outcome regarding concussion symptoms today. The second hypothesis suggests that there is a positive correlation between the perceived quality of the information and concussion symptoms today. Participants were 138 Icelandic female athletes who all had a history of concussion. Data was obtained from a study on the concussion history of Icelandic female athletes, conducted at the beginning of 2018. The questionnaire that was used is an Icelandic version of the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT-5). Results do not support the idea that receiving instructions is more effective than not receiving instructions, in relation to having a better outcome from concussion symptoms today. There was not a correlation between the perceived quality of the information and post-concussion symptoms today. Keywords: post-concussion, sport-related concussion, instructions; Tilgangur rannsoknarinnar var að kanna hvort upplýsingar eftir atvik gaeti haft ahrif a þroun heilahristingseinkenna dag. Rannsoknin fol i ser að kanna hvort það vaeri munur a heilahristings einkennum hja Islenskum iþrottakonum eftir þvi hvort að þaer fengu leiðbeiningar um hvað aetti að gera naestu daga eftir að hafa hlotið heilahristing. Einnig var kannað hvort að gaeði leiðbeininga skipta mali. Tvaer tilgatur voru settar fram. Tilgata 1 var að þaer iþrottakonur sem fengu leiðbeiningar i kjolfar heilahristings hafa betri utkomu miðað við fjolda einkenna sem þaer hafa i dag en þaer iþrottakonur sem fengu ekki leiðbeiningar. Tilgata 2 var að jakvaeð fylgni er a milli þess að fa fullnaegjandi leiðbeiningar i kjolfar heilahristings og fjolda heilhristingseinkenna i dag. Þatttakendur voru 137 Islenskar kvenkyns iþrottakonur sem hofðu allar sogu um heilahristing. Oll gogn voru fengin fra rannsokn um heilahristingssogu kvenna i iþrottum, sem framkvaemd var i byrjun 2018. Niðurstoður styðja ekki þa hugmynd að fa leiðbeiningar se arangursrikari en að fa ekki leiðbeiningar, þegar kemur að fjolda einkenna i dag. Auk þess voru ekki tengsl milli þess að fa fullnaegjandi upplýsinga i kjolfar heilahristings og fjolda heilahristingseinkenna i dag. Lykilorð: Eftir-heilahristings einkenni, iþrottatengdur heilahristingur, leiðbeiningar
Binary copper and manganese oxide nanoparticle supported oms-2 for enhancing activity and stability toward co oxidation reaction at low temperature

The CuO, CuMnOx and MnOx catalysts were anchored on the manganese oxide support with the structure of octahedral molecular sieves (OMS-2), which were synthesized using MnSO4 and KMnO4 as precursors by are flux method under acidic conditions, by an impregnation method and tested for CO oxidation. These catalysts and OMS-2 support were characterized by the advanced analyzations of X-ray diffraction and FTIR patterns; and SEM performances; and H2-TPR profiles. For CO oxidation reaction, CuO and CuMnOx catalysts showed extremely higher activities than that of MnOx catalyst and OMS-2 support. For the lowest temperature for 100% conversion of CO (T100), the CuO and CuMnOx catalysts were observed at 55 oC and 65 oC, respectively. Due to the present of Cu2+– O2− – Mn4+ ↔ Cu+–□–Mn3+ + O2 redox couple in the structure of these solid catalyst. Additionally, the CuMnOx catalyst showed higher activity (~ 1.74 folds) and better stability than that of CuO catalyst in CO oxidation. Due to the advance functional of binary oxide structure of CuMnOx catalyst As known, CO oxidation may follow the Mars-van-Krevelen mechanism with Cu2+– O2− – Mn4+ ↔ Cu+–□–Mn3+ + O2 redox couple. This study shows the high applicating potential of CuMnOx/OMS-2 material in exhaust treatment for environmental safety.
The RSC Complex Maintains Ploidy by Promoting Spindle Pole Body Duplication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ploidy, the number of complete sets of chromosomes an organism has, is tightly regulated in eukaryotic cells, and is critical for cell function and survival. Cells must coordinate multiple pathways to ensure replicated DNA is segregated accurately and in a timely fashion to prevent changes in chromosome number. In this study, I characterize an unanticipated role for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Remodels the Structure of Chromatin (RSC) complex in ploidy
Building Graphical Knowledge Representation Languages - From Informal to Interoperable Executable Models

We summarize the evolution of a Graphic Knowledge representation language developed at our research center that has served in many applications throughout the years and, more recently to help develop the TELOS system. We first underline the theoretical research on which the language is built. Then we address the question of standardizing a knowledge modeling tool, first designed as an informal thinking aid. One standard specialization of the language is embedded in a tool to produce OWL models totally graphically. Another one enables users to produce standard IMS-LD multi-actor learning scenarios or workflows. The most recent evolution is the TELOS function editor that generalizes both IMS-LD models and business workflow models. We conclude by discussing the properties of the representation language that have benn found most useful.
Characteristics of atmospheric mercury in East China: implication on sources and formation of mercury species over a regional transport intersection zone

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant of great concern in East Asia, which is considered to be the largest mercury-emitting region in the world. In this study, atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM) were measured continuously over a regional transport intersection zone in East China to reveal the sources and formation of mercury species. The annual mean concentrations of GEM, PBM, and GOM reached 2.77 ng/m3, 60.80 pg/m3, and 82.13 pg/m3, respectively. GEM concentrations were elevated in both cold and warm seasons. This seasonal pattern of GEM suggested that the re-emissions from natural surfaces play a significant role in the fluctuation of atmospheric mercury in addition to anthropogenic sources. Relationship between Hg species and wind directions indicated the high Hg concentrations were related to winds from the south, southwest, and north of the measurement site. An application of the GOM/PBM tracer method and trajectory-based source region identification suggested that long-range transport from northern China and quasi-local emissions were the main sources of Hg species. It was revealed that GEM concentrations were higher when quasi-local sources dominated compared to the dominance of long-range transport events. Six sources and their contributions to anthropogenic GEM were identified. Besides the common anthropogenic emission sectors, shipping emission was found to be an important source (19.6 %) of atmospheric mercury in East China, where marine vessel shipping activities are intense. Concurrences of high GOM concentrations with elevated O3 and temperature, along with the lagged variation of GEM and GOM during daytime demonstrated the very high GOM concentrations were ascribed to the intense in situ oxidation of GEM. Statistical analysis showed that when PM2.5 reached a certain value, GOM was inhibited to some extent due to the gas-particle partitioning process. This process was obvious under the conditions of high PM2.5 concentrations, high humidity, and low temperature.
Analysis of equivalent circuit models in lithium-ion batteries

This study investigates lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery discharge at a constant current by comparing equivalent circuit simulation data with experimental data. The simulations employ Thevenin equivalent circuit models consisting of a resistance, capacitance, and power source. Voltage and resistance are measured during battery discharge at a constant 2 A direct current (DC). The experimental output results of the resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit are calculated and compared to the simulation results over the time of discharge. Both single and triple RC circuits are utilized in the experiment, with the triple RC circuit model demonstrating less error than the single RC circuit when compared to the simulated data. This study suggests that the output voltage of a Li-ion battery generally obeys a simulated Thevenin equivalent circuit model composed of the multiple RC elements under constant current discharge.