Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Punster’s Amanuensis: The Proper Place of Humans and Machines in the Translation of Wordplay

The translation of wordplay is one of the most extensively researched problems in translation studies, but it has attracted little attention in the fields of natural language processing and machine translation. This is because today’s language technologies treat anomalies and ambiguities in the input as things that must be resolved in favour of a single “correct” interpretation, rather than preserved and interpreted in their own right. But if computers cannot yet process such creative language on their own, can they at least provide specialized support to translation professionals? In this paper, I survey the state of the art relevant to computational processing of humorous wordplay and put forth a vision of how existing theories, resources, and technologies could be adapted and extended to support interactive, computer-assisted translation.
EVALUATION OF PHOTOSENSITIZER TOXICITY AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS ON METABOLITES LEVEL TOTAL CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, TOTAL LIPIDS OF PEACH FRIUTE FLY, BACTROCERA ZONATA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

Evaluation the effect of biochemistry and toxicity by different concentrations of photosensitizer compound against full grown larvae of B. zonata . Treatments were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The results revealed that, chlorophyllin taken by Bactrocera zonata , showed low toxicity under severe dark and light-based toxic conditions when insects were exposed to light. Fruit fly after processing by photosensitizer compound (magnesium chlorophyllin) and exposure to sunlight for two hour was more effective than photosensitizer (copper chlorophyllin) at same conditions, Sub-lethal concentrations (LC50) (0.00002 M, 0.008 M), respectively. Bioassays show significant differences and good correlation found between the toxicity results and biochemical assays in our study give highest increase of activity level in total carbohydrate and on the other hand, total lipid and total Protein show variation reduction in most treatments.
Quantifying CanESM5 and EAMv1 sensitivities to volcanic forcing
for the CMIP6 historical experiment

Abstract. Large volcanic eruptions reaching the stratosphere have caused marked perturbations to the global climate including cooling at the Earth's surface, changes in large-scale circulation and precipitation patterns and marked temporary reductions in global ocean heat content. Many studies have investigated these effects using climate models, however uncertainties remain in the modelled response to these eruptions. This is due in part to the diversity of forcing datasets that are used to prescribe the distribution of stratospheric aerosols resulting from these volcanic eruptions, as well as uncertainties in optical property derivations from these datasets. To reduce these uncertainties in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) a combined stratospheric aerosol dataset, the Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology, GloSSAC, was constructed. Along with information from ice-cores and sun photometers, GloSSAC was used to generate aerosol distributions, characteristics and optical properties and construct a consistent stratospheric aerosol forcing dataset for models participating in CMIP6. This version 3 of the stratospheric aerosol forcing has been endorsed for use in all contributing CMIP6 simulations. Recent updates to the underlying GloSSAC from version 1 to version 1.1 affected the 1991 to 1994 period and necessitated an update to the stratospheric aerosol forcing from version 3 to version 4. As version 3 remains the official CMIP6 input, quantification of the impact on radiative forcing and climate is both relevant and timely for interpreting results from experiments such as the CMIP6 historical simulations. This study uses the Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) to estimate the difference in instantaneous radiative forcing in simulated post-Pinatubo climate response when using version 4 instead of version 3. Differences in temperature, precipitation, and radiative forcings are generally found to be small compared to internal variability. To further elucidate sensitivities that are representative of the CMIP6 model suite, additional simulations are performed using the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1), which also indicates that the impact of the update to GloSSAC version 4 on climate are relatively minor. An exception to this is differences in temperature anomalies in the stratosphere, which can be as large as 3 °C following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.
Rural Infrastructural Investment and Rice Production in Pakistan

This study estimated the impact of rural infrastructure investment on rice production in Pakistan by using Cobb Douglas production function for 1972-2014 in Pakistan. Different tests are used to check the stationarity of time series data. Autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) technique is employed to estimate long run and short run relationship. It is observed that good infrastructure is encouraging the rice production in Pakistan. The study found that fertilizer usage, water availability for rice, area under rice production and health expenditure has positive whereas electricity consumption has negative effect on the rice production in the long run. However, impact of electricity on rice production is found positive in the short run but this impact is minute due to the unavailability of electricity, load shedding and some other reasons. All variables are affecting positively in the short run except fertilizer consumption.
Seasonal fluctuations and development of degree-day models for Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in maize fields in the Mediterranean region

Chilo partellus Swinhoe 1885 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a serious pest of maize in many parts of the world. It was reported for the first time in 2014 in the Mediterranean part of Turkey. Degree-Day (DD) models were developed to predict seasonal dynamics in maize fields using 3-parameter 'Boltzman' and a 4-parameter Logistic regressions. Larval/plant counts were monitored in pesticide-free maize fields in Adana, Turkey from 2017 to 2019. Depending on the year, the first record of C. partellus was between 03-14 May, corresponding to ~ 9-12 DD accumulated from 01 May. There were two main peaks; one in each of the maize growing seasons. The models accurately predicted the phenology of C. partellus with an Adj. R 2 greater than 0.80. The 'Boltzman' regression had lower AICc, ΔAICc and Wі values than the logistic regression. Based on the 'Boltzman' model, 50% of the accumulated larvae/plant count for the first and second generations (peaks) occurred at 80DD and 375DD, 81DD and 413DD, and 54DD and 289DD in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. For the logistic regression model, 50% of the accumulated larvae/plant counts occurred for the first and second generation at 90DD and 362DD, 62DD, and 45DD and 250DD in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Both these models could play a crucial role in the integrated pest management (IPM) of C. partellus in maize fields in Mediterranean regions.
The Role of Organizational Structural Properties on ICT Use in Public Academic Institutions

 Abstract — Following the suggestion of social technology research stream for the need to incorporate measures of organizational structural properties in the information system, we examined the influence of these properties on organization members’ ICT use empirically in a significant scale. We investigate the relationship of ICT use and organizational structural properties, such as institutional resources, funding, size, and culture among scholars in pubic academic institutions in North America. The results indicate that institutional size, resource, and competitive culture have positive effects on members’ ICT use, while the effect of institutional funding is reversed as hypothesized. These findings suggest actors who belong to large institutions with abundance of supportive resources and a highly competitive working environment would employ more technologies than those who are situated in smaller institutions with fewer resources and/or less demanding working environment.
NO2 and SO2 observations in southeast Europe using mobile DOAS observations

In this work we present the first and longest zenith-sky mobile DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) measurements performed in Southeast Europe. The mobile DOAS observations were performed on board of a motor vehicle using an UV-Vis spectrometer during several days on 2015 and 2016 in Romania, Bulgaria, Greece and Republic of Moldova. The target trace gases are: nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The mobile DOAS measurements performed on ground represents aproximative 1500km travelled on roads. The highest tropospheric NO2 (1x1017 molec./cm2) and SO2 (~2.5x1018 molec/cm2) content was determined in the Jiu Valley Romania, where large fossil-fuel power station exist. The study also presents comparisons of tropospheric NO2 Vertical Column Density (VCD) deduced from mobile DOAS measurements with Ozone Monitoring Instrument observations. We found a good agreement between ground and space observations for two important urban agglomerations. For Bucuresti city the averaged mobile DOAS observations function of OMI pixel coordinates show 4.11 (±0.61) x1015 molec/cm2 while OMI detected 5.94 (±2.87) x1015 molec/cm2. For the other important city, Thessaloniki, averaged mobile DOAS observations indicate 5.44 ± (0.84) x1015 molec/cm2while OMI space observations presents 5.66 (±1.56) x1015 molec/cm2. We found also that due to the smoothing effect inside the pixel, OMI sensor underestimated the important NO2 emissions located in the Jiu Valley, Romania.
Effects of 12 weeks combined weight and chain versus combined weight and elastic band variable resistance training on upper and lower body muscular strength and endurance among untrained males in Iran

Several studies have shown a positive association between variable resistance training and improvement of muscular performance. However, the most effective type of variable resistance training to improve muscular performance (such as; strength and endurance) in untrained individuals remains unclear. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of 12 weeks combined weight and chain versus combined weight and elastic band variable resistance training on muscular strength and endurance among untrained male adults. Fifty healthy untrained males (age: 21.5 ± 1.95 years) were randomly selected and assigned into three groups: combined weight and chain (WC), combined weight and elastic band (WE), and free-weight (CG). From week 1 until week 12 all groups trained with 3 to 4 sets of 8 - 12 repetitions with 70% to 80% of 1RM for 2 days per week. Approximately 65% of the resistance was provided by free-weights and 35% of the resistance was provided by chains and elastic bands for the WC and WE groups. Upper and lower body muscular strength and endurance using one-repetition maximum, and maximum repetitions were measured before, in the middle and after the intervention. Results reported there were significant increases in upper and lower body muscular strength and endurance in all groups in the middle and after the intervention (p < 0.05), and these variables increased more and faster significantly in WC and WE groups compared with CG group. Finally, although in the middle and after the intervention there were not significant differences in upper and lower body muscular strength and endurance between WE and WC groups (p > 0.05), the results showed WE variable resistance training had a better effect insignificantly to improve upper and lower body muscular strength and endurance in the middle and after 12 weeks of variable resistance training among untrained males.
AN ENERGY SEGMENTATION METHOD OF HIGH-RESOLUTION SAR IMAGE BASED ON MULTIPLE FEATURES

Abstract. To achieve the optimal image segmentation, an energy segmentation method based on multiple features and blocks for high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image is proposed in this paper. First of all, a feature vector of pixel is formed with the texture feature extracted by curvelet transform and means function, the boundary feature extracted by curvelet transform and Canny Operator, and the original spectral feature; a feature set is formed by all feature vectors of pixels in the image. The feature vector is considered as segmentation basis, and its domain is partitioned by regular tessellation. On the partitioned image domain, a label variable is assigned to a regular block; each homogeneous region is fitted by one or more regular blocks; Obviously, a label field is formed by all the label variables of regular blocks. The model of label field is built by using energy function of neighborhood relationship. The feature set is considered as a realization of a random filed of multiple features (multiple features field for short). A heterogeneous energy function is used to establish the model of multiple features field. Then the established models of the label field and multiple features field are combined to define global energy function of image segmentation, and non-constrained Gibbs probability distribution is used to describe the global energy function to build the energy segmentation model based on multiple features. Further, a RJMCMC algorithm is designed to simulate from the model to segment SAR image. To verify the feasibility and superiority of the proposed approach, real SAR images are tested.
(Kualiti Profesionalisme, Kecekapan dan Pelaporan Kewangan: Persepsi Pengarah Kewangan dalam Pelaporan Sektor Awam yang Berubah Piawai)

The Financial Reporting Quality (FRQ) refers to better information dissemination across different users. It remains a prevalent factor for organizations’ performance and survival. The public sector in many countries, have witnessed considerable changes in the past decades. The prominent one being the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) for the public sector entities. Drawing on contingency and institutional theories, this study examine the perception of directors of finance regarding the effects of professionalism on the relationship between staff competency and FRQ under a new accounting standard. Using survey research approach and self-administered questionnaire, data were gathered from 118 directors of finance representing local governments of four States in the north-west geographical zone of Nigeria. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) revealed a significant positive relation between staff competence and FRQ. Conversely, no significant effect was found in the interaction of professionalism on the model. The study implication was discussed in the context of Nigeria.
Attachment to God as a Function of Mortality Salience and Intrinsic Religiosity

The present study examined the association between intrinsic religiosity and attachment to God following mortality salience (MS). Participants (N = 158) consisted of Christian individuals who were asked to complete the Religious Orientation Scale (Allport & Ross, 1967) as a measure of intrinsic religiosity, a word search puzzle to prime either death-related or neutral words, and the Attachment to God Inventory (Beck & McDonald, 2004). A moderated regression found a significant interaction between MS and intrinsic religiosity on avoidant but not anxious attachment to God. Specifically, following reminders of death, low intrinsic individuals were more avoidant toward God compared to high intrinsic individuals. These findings suggest that MS is associated with bolstering religious beliefs in order to cope with existential anxieties.
Emissions of monoterpenes from new Scots pine foliage: dependency on season, stand age and location and importance for models

Abstract. Models to predict the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from terrestrial vegetation largely use standardised emission potentials derived from shoot enclosure measurements of mature foliage and usually assume that the contribution of BVOCs from new conifer needles is minor to negligible. Extensive observations have, however, recently demonstrated that the potential of new Scots pine needles to emit several different BVOCs can be up to about 500 times higher than that of the corresponding mature foliage. Thus, we build on these discoveries and investigate the impact of previously neglecting enhanced emissions from new Scots pine foliage on estimates of monoterpene emissions and new atmospheric aerosol particle formation and their subsequent growth. We show that the importance of considering the enhanced monoterpene emission potential of new Scots pine foliage decreases as a function of season, tree age and latitude, and that new foliage is responsible for the majority of the whole tree's foliage emissions of monoterpenes during spring time, independently of tree age and location. Our results suggest that annual monoterpene emission estimates from Finland would increase with up to ~ 25 % if the emissions from new Scots pine foliage were explicitly considered, with the majority being emitted during spring time where also new particle formation has been observed to occur most frequently. We estimate that our findings can lead to increases in predictions of the formation rates of 2 nm particles during spring time by ~ 75–275 % in northern Finland and by ~ 125–865 % in southern Finland. Likewise, simulated growth rates of 2–3 nm particles would increase by ~ 65–175 % in northern Finland and by ~ 110–520 % in southern Finland if the enhanced emissions of monoterpenes from new Scots pine foliage were explicitly considered. Our findings imply that we need to introduce a more comprehensive treatment of the emissions of BVOCs from new coniferous foliage in biogenic emission models.
Fraction vegetation cover extraction of winter wheat based on RGB image obtained by UAV

Abstract: In order to quickly and accurately extract the fraction vegetation cover (FVC) of winter wheat, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to obtain the visible light image of winter wheat during the green returned stage, and the estimation ability of winter wheat FVC based on visible light vegetation index and texture feature was explored, 8 texture features of winter wheat images were extracted by gray-level co-occurrence matrix, and 3 visible light vegetation indices of VDVI, NGBDI and GRVI were calculated. According to the characteristics of vegetation and soil blue & green and green & red bands in the research field, the green-red combined vegetation index (GRDI) and green-blue combined vegetation index (GBVI) were constructed. In addition, regression models of vegetation cover were established using 5 vegetation indices and 8 texture features respectively. The results showed that the regression model established by GRDI had the highest accuracy among vegetation indices with R 2 value of 0.9245, RMSE value of 0.02677, and nRMSE value of 5.74%. Therefore, the GRDI model was selected in this paper to generate FVC level distribution map, which provided a basis for winter wheat growth monitoring and field management. Keywords: winter wheat, FVC, UAV remote sensing technology, texture feature, vegetation index construction DOI: 10.33440/j.ijpaa. 20190202.44. Citation: Yang H B, Zhao J, Lan Y B, Lu L Q, Li Z M. Fraction vegetation cover extraction of winter wheat based on spectral information and texture features obtained by UAV. Int J Precis Agric Aviat, 2019; 2(2): 54–61.
Some Routine Laboratory Measurements And Antibiotic Choice As Potential Predictors of Mortality in The Pediatric İntensive Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study

White blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT) count, and CRP are some basic parameters to follow the outcome of patients in intensive care units. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the outcome of patients related to some routine laboratory measurements and antibiotic preferences. Methods: The participants of the study consisted of 179 pediatric ICU inpatients with gram-positive culture results. Hospital records covering the years 2016 to 2019 were reviewed. Other than the mortality status, data were collected on age, sex, the presence of fever, culture results, antibiotic preferences, and laboratory parameters such as WBC, PLT, and CRP levels. Results: The median (IQR) age of the patients was 33.00 (8.00-66.00) months; 109 (60.89%) were boys, while 70 (39.11%) were girls. Of the patients, 90 (50.3%) had positive culture results, 59 (33%) received vancomycin, 31 ‎(17.3%) received teicoplanin, and 34 (18.9%) had a fatal outcome. ‎ The cultured organisms were as follows: Staph. spp. (n=56, 31.3%), methicillin-resistant Staph. epidermidis (n=81, 45.3%), Staph. aureus (n=22, 12.3%), Staph. epidermidis (n=15, 8.4%), and methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (n=5, 2.8%). WBC and PLT levels were higher in survived patients than the deceased ones (p=0.001 and p 0.05). ‎ Conclusion: CRP and PLT are useful indicators for the diagnosis of serious bacterial infections and the prediction of the clinical outcome. There is no difference between using vancomycin or teicoplanin concerning mortality in the ICU.
Sea wrack delivery and accumulation on islands: factors that mediate marine nutrient permeability

Sea wrack provides an important vector of marine-derived nutrients to many terrestrial environments. However, little is known about the processes that facilitate wrack transport, deposition, and accumulation on islands. Three broad factors can affect the stock of wrack along shorelines: the amount of potential donor habitat nearby, climatic events that dislodge seaweeds and transfer them ashore, and physical characteristics of shorelines that retain wrack at a site. To determine when, where, and how wrack accumulates on island shorelines, we surveyed 455 sites across 101 islands in coastal British Columbia, Canada. At each site, we recorded wrack biomass, species composition, and shoreline biogeographical characteristics. Additionally, over a period of 9 mo, we visited a smaller selection of sites (n = 3) every 2 mo to document temporal changes in wrack biomass and species composition. Dominant wrack species were Zostera marina, Fucus distichus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Nereocystis luetkeana, Pterygophora californica, and Phyllospadix spp. The amount of donor habitat positively affected the presence of accumulated biomass of sea wrack, whereas rocky substrates and shoreline slope negatively affected the presence of sea wrack biomass. Biomass was higher during winter months, and species diversity was higher during summer months. These results suggest that shorelines with specific characteristics have the capacity to accumulate wrack, thereby facilitating the transfer of marine-derived nutrients to the terrestrial environment.