Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender roles and child nutrition in livestock production systems in developing countries: a critical review.

Ms F.K. Tangka, Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA Dr M.A. Jabbar, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Dr B.I. Shapiro, Natural Resource Management Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Bamako, Mali © 2000 ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute) All rights reserved. Parts of this document may be reproduced without express permission for non-commercial use but with acknowledgment to ILRI. ISBN 92–9146–076–1 Correct citation: Tangka F.K. , Jabbar M.A. and Shapiro B.I. 2000. Gender roles and child nutrition in livestock production systems in developing countries: A critical review. Socioeconomics and Policy Research Working Paper 27. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 64 pp.
Subsidence of “normal” seafloor: Observations do indicate “flattening”

[1] Seafloor topography is a key observational constraint upon the evolution of the oceanic lithosphere. Specifically, plots of oceanic depth (z) versus crustal age (t) for “normal” seafloor are well explained by depth-age predictions of thermal contraction models such as the half-space and cooling plate model. Old seafloor (t > ∼70 Ma) shallower than that predicted by half-space cooling (i.e., z ∝ √t), or “flattening,” is a key but debated discriminator between the two models. Korenaga and Korenaga (2008) in a recent paper find normal seafloor depths of all ages to be consistent with a z ∝ √t model, thus supporting a cooling half-space model for all ages of seafloor. Upon reevaluation, however, the mean depths of their “normal” seafloor flatten at ages >70 Ma, e.g., by 723.2 ± 0.5 m (1 standard error) for t > 110 Ma. This observed inconsistency with the z ∝ √t model is statistically significant (>99.9%) and remains robust (>94%) even if the number of effective independent depth observations is argued to be low (e.g., n = 10). So, if any statistically significant conclusion can be drawn from the observed depths of rare old normal seafloor, it is that old seafloor flattens, which is incompatible with the cooling half-space model applying to all ages of seafloor but does not preclude a cooling-plate style approximation to lithospheric evolution.
The effect of different tillage-fertilization practices on the mycoflora of wheat grains

A two-factor field experiment was carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture during the period 2005-2008. The influence of different tillage and fertilization practices on wheat grain fungal contamination was evaluated. Grain surface contamination and internal grain infection with fungi were quantified using agar tests. Purified colonies were identified using different manuals. A total of 16 fungal genera were identified in spring and winter wheat grains. Alternaria infected 46.3% - 99.9%, Cladosporium 26.9% - 77.8%, Fusarium 0.9% - 37.1%, Penicillium 1.3% - 2.5% of grains tested. Winter wheat grain surface contamination by fungi ranged from 7.2 × 103 to 24.8 × 103 of colony forming units per g of grain (cfu g-1), spring wheat from 14.8 × 103 to 80.3 × 103 cfu g-1. No-tillage increased winter wheat grain infection by Alternaria, Aspergillus and Cladosporium species and total count of cfu g-1 on spring wheat grain surface. High fertilizer rates resulted in an increase in spring wheat grain infection by Fusarium and Penicillium species and total count of cfu g-1 on both spring and winter wheat grain surface. ;
Manifestations of Higher-Order Routines: The Underlying Mechanisms of Deliberate Learning in the Context of Postacquisition Integration

Building on the codification and dynamic capabilities literatures, we pursue deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms of deliberate learning in the context of postacquisition integration. We argue that experience codification gives rise to inertial forces that hamper the customization of routines to any given acquisition. We theorize, therefore, that successful acquirers develop higher-order routines-as manifested in two complementary sets of concrete organizational practices-that prevent the generalization of inapplicable ('zero-order') codified routines. After drawing on in-depth qualitative data to help build our theoretical argument, we test it formally with unique survey data on 85 active acquirers.
Ideological governing forms in education and teacher education: a comparative study between highly secular Sweden and highly non-secular Republic of Ireland

There is an abundance of cross-national quantitative studies of ‘what works’ in education and teacher education in the international literature. However, there is a paucity of cross-national studies in relation to ideological governing forms in education and teacher education, what is perceived as worthwhile and desirable. This study seeks to address this gap in the literature through a comparative socio-historical meta-analysis of ideological governing forms in education and teacher education, in Sweden and the Republic of Ireland, from the mid-19th century to contemporary times. The study uses categories of governance, ideology, emancipation and democracy as linkage points to examine similarities and differences in contextual, moral and cultural politics. Despite significant differences between a highly secular education system in Sweden and a highly non-secular system of education in the Republic of Ireland, findings show remarkable similarities in the shaping of ideological governing forms over this long historical timeline, signalling a contemporary governance turn towards scientific rationalism and moral conservatism more typically associated with the 1960s.
INNOVATION OF THE ARCČR 500 DATA MODEL AND ITS CONVERSION INTO ESRI MAP TEMPLATES

A need of conversion of existing data into new structures and for other purposes arises in the age of geographic information systems and large geographic databases produced by various organizations and companies. There is also often a need of harmonization of two discrepant data sources into a third one. The paper is thus focused on description of tools suitable for above-mentioned activities, particularly: Free Mind, Geodatabase Diagrammer, ArcGIS Diagrammer, ModelBuilder and ArcGIS Desktop.
Seasonal Variation of Cloud Systems over ARM SGP

Abstract Increased observational analyses provide a unique opportunity to perform years-long cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations and generate long-term cloud properties that are very much in demand for improving the representation of clouds in general circulation models (GCMs). A year 2000 CRM simulation is presented here using the variationally constrained mesoscale analysis and surface measurements. The year-long (3 January–31 December 2000) CRM surface precipitation is highly correlated with the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) observations with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. The large-scale forcing is the dominant factor responsible for producing the precipitation in summer, spring, and fall, but the surface heat fluxes play a more important role during winter when the forcing is weak. The CRM-simulated year-long cloud liquid water path and cloud (liquid and ice) optical depth are also in good agreement (correlation coefficients of 0.73 and 0.64, respectively) with the ARM retrievals ov.
Optimized Method for Generating and Acquiring GPS Gold Codes

We propose a simpler and faster Gold codes generator, which can be efficiently initialized to any desired code, with a minimum delay. Its principle consists of generating only one sequence (code number 1) from which we can produce all the other different signal codes. This is realized by simply shifting this sequence by different delays that are judiciously determined by using the bicorrelation function characteristics. This is in contrast to the classical Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) based Gold codes generator that requires, in addition to the shift process, a significant number of logic XOR gates and a phase selector to change the code. The presence of all these logic XOR gates in classical LFSR based Gold codes generator provokes the consumption of an additional time in the generation and acquisition processes. In addition to its simplicity and its rapidity, the proposed architecture, due to the total absence of XOR gates, has fewer resources than the conventional Gold generator and can thus be produced at lower cost. The Digital Signal Processing (DSP) implementations have shown that the proposed architecture presents a solution for acquiring Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites signals optimally and in a parallel way.
The Continuum of Beach Enclosure: Socioeconomic Implications for Coastal Communities in the Dominican Republic

Unprecedented proliferation in tourism and coastal development in the Dominican Republic (DR) has transformed the shoreline into a site of conflict as the public and traditional users lose access to the shore. This case study research, based on ethnography and interview data, explores the processes leading to beach privatization and how the Continuum of Beach Enclosure (CBE) affects the socioeconomic structure of local communities and entrepreneurs. Global trends in enclosure of the common are combined with Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model to highlight coastal development in the context of DR. The study concludes that different forms of capital (social, economic, or political) are predominant at various stages of development to generate enclosed spaces with an array of community impacts at each stage.
Innovation in the Medical Design Industry through the Use of Thematic Framing

The healthcare industry struggles with the creation of radical innovations due to many different stakeholders with competing interests. This research project aimed at the development of a methodology that supports medical designers to create innovations by using deep human insights. As a starting point, we used a four-layer model of insights into human needs and aspirations, ranging from solutions (‘what’) and scenarios (‘how’), to goals and themes (‘why’). To transform this model into a design methodology, we iteratively developed and evaluated the methodology together with medical designers in a real world design setting. As a result, we distinguished five stages of a so called ‘Thematic Framing’ process: (1) current frame, (2) needs and aspirations, (3) themes, (4.a) new frames, (4.b) ideas for solutions, and (5) opportunities. The added value of the methodology is that the ‘why’ level is divided in why’s on the goal level – within the design context – and why’s at the theme level that will be analysed outside the design context. Moving outside the design context allows for mapping the pattern of the theme to solutions in other contexts; this can create metaphors that can subsequently form a bridge to new frames and solutions. framing; themes; innovation; human-centred design methodology; medical design Rising costs and demands in healthcare as well as fast technological developments – that allow, for example, highly personalised healthcare – ask for radical innovations in the healthcare system and in medical products and services. However, industry struggles with the creation and implementation of tangible solutions that are actually used by care providers and receivers. One of the main causes of this innovation struggle is the large range of
Discovering attack structures using behavior driven alert correlation with dynamic visualization of network intrusions

The existing Intrusion Detection Systems often generate alerts that represent only a sub attack of the attack, which the attacker is trying to accomplish. There is no work previously been carried out to implicitly link alerts together to discover attack plans from generated alerts. This paper proposes the system frame-work for behavior driven dynamic visual intrusion detection system that can be used to find out implicit relationships among alerts and discover attack plans which consist of smaller attacks, carried out in some particular sequential order. The paper also talks about how dynamic visualization along with the static visualization can be used for the visualization of alert and attack structures.
The association between wing morphology and dispersal is sex-specific in the glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae)

We examined whether dispersal was associated with body and wing morphology and individual quality, and whether such an association was sex-specific, in the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia (L.) in Paldiski on the north coast of Estonia. Body weight, size and shape of both fore- and hindwing, wing aspect ratio and wing loading were used as measures of body and wing morphology. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of wing shape was used as a measure of individual quality. Males and females did not differ in dispersal rates, despite large differences in overall morphology and FA. Females had a significantly higher wing loading and aspect ratio, but a lower FA than males. Females, but not males, that dispersed differed in forewing shape from those that did not disperse. The sex-specifity of the covariation between dispersal and forewing shape is most probably due to wing shape being associated with different life-history traits in both sexes, resulting in different selection pressures on wing shape in each of the sexes.
Establishing Linkages between Innovative Human Resource Management, Human Resource Value Creation and Organizational Performance : A Conceptual study

This study is aimed at understanding how Innovative HRM leads to HR value creation and organizational performance. Its purpose is to understand the conceptual development of the term viz Innovative HRM, ,its definition, how it is different from traditional HRM, what are its linkages with strategic HRM and its relationship with HR Value Creation and Organizational Performance. Various variables and issues related to it are further elaborated. An exhaustive literature review is carried out of theoretical and empirical research studies to study the relationship between innovative HRM,HR Value Creation and Organizational Performance and depicted using a conceptual model.
The Association between Earlier Bedtime and Cardiac Vagal Control in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Shi-Pai Sleep Study, Taiwan

ABSTRACT Background: The mechanism underlying the relationship between sleep−wake timing in older adults with poor health remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between deviant sleep−wake timing and cardiac autonomic function among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A total of 597 randomly selected older adults aged ≥ 65 years and residing in an urban city participated in this study. Cardiac autonomic function was assessed by monitoring heart rate variability. Results: There were 58.6% men, and the overall mean age was 77.9 ± 5.2 years. After controlling for various covariates, it was found that the likelihood of poor cardiac vagal function was higher (odds ratio: 1.89, 95% confidence interval 1.20−2.98) for older adults with an earlier bedtime (before 21:59 h). Conclusions: This finding suggested that an earlier bedtime in metropolitan older adults may indicate a decline in the health status.
Lower bounds for Schrödinger equations

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Recent Advances in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has a half-century history. It is currently an indispensable treatment for not only incurable blood diseases such as aplastic anemia and severe hemolytic anemia, but also malignant hematological diseases such as leukemia and lymphoma. Although allergenic HSCT is also used to treat hereditary diseases, its indica‐ tions are restricted because of critical complications including regimen-related toxicities in‐ volving conditioning, infection, and graft-versus-host disease.
A Bandpass Filter Based on Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide-to-Defected Ground Structure Cells

A half mode substrate integrated waveguide-to-defected ground structure (HMSIW-DGS) cell and its embedded form are proposed to miniaturize a bandpass filter. Both cells can purchase wideband frequency response and low insertion loss, as well as simple and easy fabrication. By cascading two of them according to design requirement, an X-band bandpass filter is designed and measured to meet compact size, low insertion loss, good return loss, second harmonic suppression, and linear phase.
A class of discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin methods. II. Optimal test functions

We lay out a program for constructing discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin (DPG) schemes having test function spaces that are automatically computable to guarantee stability. Given a trial space, a DPG discretization using its optimal test space counterpart inherits stability from the well posedness of the undiscretized problem. Although the question of stable test space choice had attracted the attention of many previous authors, the novelty in our approach lies in the fact we identify a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) framework wherein test functions, arbitrarily close to the optimal ones, can be locally computed. The idea is presented abstractly and its feasibility illustrated through several theoretical and numerical examples. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Impacts of the Manaus pollution plume on the microphysical properties of Amazonian warm-phase clouds in the wet season

Abstract. The remote atmosphere over the Amazon can be similar to oceanic regions in terms of aerosol conditions and cloud type formations. This is especially true during the wet season. The main aerosol-related disturbances over the Amazon have both natural sources, such as dust transport from Africa, and anthropogenic sources, such as biomass burning or urban pollution. The present work considers the impacts of the latter on the microphysical properties of warm-phase clouds by analysing observations of the interactions between the Manaus pollution plume and its surroundings, as part of the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment. The analysed period corresponds to the wet season (specifically from February to March 2014 and corresponding to the first Intensive Operating Period (IOP1) of GoAmazon2014/5). The droplet size distributions reported are in the range 1 µm ≤ D ≤ 50 µm in order to capture the processes leading up to the precipitation formation. The wet season largely presents a clean background atmosphere characterized by frequent rain showers. As such, the contrast between background clouds and those affected by the Manaus pollution can be observed and detailed. The focus is on the characteristics of the initial microphysical properties in cumulus clouds predominantly at their early stages. The pollution-affected clouds are found to have smaller effective diameters and higher droplet number concentrations. The differences range from 10 to 40 % for the effective diameter and are as high as 1000 % for droplet concentration for the same vertical levels. The growth rates of droplets with altitude are slower for pollution-affected clouds (2.90 compared to 5.59 µm km−1), as explained by the absence of bigger droplets at the onset of cloud development. Clouds under background conditions have higher concentrations of larger droplets (> 20 µm) near the cloud base, which would contribute significantly to the growth rates through the collision–coalescence process. The overall shape of the droplet size distribution (DSD) does not appear to be predominantly determined by updraught strength, especially beyond the 20 µm range. The aerosol conditions play a major role in that case. However, the updraughts modulate the DSD concentrations and are responsible for the vertical transport of water in the cloud. The larger droplets found in background clouds are associated with weak water vapour competition and a bimodal distribution of droplet sizes in the lower levels of the cloud, which enables an earlier initiation of the collision–coalescence process. This study shows that the pollution produced by Manaus significantly affects warm-phase microphysical properties of the surrounding clouds by changing the initial DSD formation. The corresponding effects on ice-phase processes and precipitation formation will be the focus of future endeavours.
Image Quality of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Optimization in Image Acquisition and Reconstruction

Image Quality of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Optimization in Image Acquisition and Reconstruction Gang Wu Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto 2014 Breast cancer continues to be the most frequently diagnosed cancer in Canadian women. Currently, mammography is the clinically accepted best modality for breast cancer detection and the regular use of screening has been shown to contribute to reduced mortality. However, mammography suffers from several drawbacks which limit its sensitivity and specificity. As a potential solution, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) uses a limited number (typically 10–20) of low-dose x-ray projections to produce a three-dimensional tomographic representation of the breast. The reconstruction of DBT images is challenged by such incomplete sampling. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of image acquisition parameters on image quality of DBT for various reconstruction techniques and to optimize these, with three specific goals: A) Develop a better power spectrum estimator for detectability calculation as a task-based image quality index; B) Develop a paired-view algorithm for artifact removal in DBT reconstruction; and C) Increase dose efficiency in DBT by reducing random noise. A better power spectrum estimator was developed using a multitaper technique, which yields reduced bias and variance in estimation compared to the conventional moving average method. This gives us an improved detectability measurement with finer frequency steps. The paired-view scheme in DBT reconstruction provides better image quality than the commonly used sequential method. A simple ordering like the “side-to-side” method can achieve less artifact and higher image quality in reconstructed slices. The new denoising algorithm developed was applied to the projection views acquired in DBT before reconstruction. The random noise was markedly removed while the anatomic details were maintained. With the help of this artifact-removal technique used in reconstruction and the denoising method employed on the projection views, the image quality of DBT is enhanced and lesions should be more readily detectable.