Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying The Effect of Emotional and Moral Language on Information Contagion during the Charlottesville Event

We highlight the contribution of emotional and moral language towards information contagion online. We find that retweet count on Twitter is significantly predicted by the use of negative emotions with negative moral language. We find that a tweet is less likely to be retweeted (hence less engagement and less potential for contagion) when it has emotional language expressed as anger along with a specific type of moral language, known as authority-vice. Conversely, when sadness is expressed with authority-vice, the tweet is more likely to be retweeted. Our findings indicate how emotional and moral language can interact in predicting information contagion.
Effect of incubation temperature on the development of five species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) embryos and alevins

Embryo and alevin survival, time to hatching and emergence, and alevin and fry size of five species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) were observed at five incubation temperatures (2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 °C). No pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) or chum (O. keta) salmon embryos survived to hatching at 2 °C. Coho (O. kisutch) and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon had higher embryo survival at 2 °C than chinook (O. tschawytscha) salmon. At 14 °C, chum, pink, and chinook salmon had higher embryo survival than coho or sockeye salmon. In all species, peaks of embryo mortality occurred at specific developmental stages (completion of epiboly, eye pigmentation, and hatching). Alevin survival to emergence was high for all species, except for coho and pink salmon at 14 °C. Hatching and emergence time varied inversely with incubation temperature, but coho salmon hatched and emerged sooner at all temperatures than the other species. Coho and sockeye salmon alevins were larger at 2 °C, pink, chum, and chinook salmon alevins were larg.
IITK at the FinSim Task: Hypernym Detection in Financial Domain via Context-Free and Contextualized Word Embeddings

In this paper, we present our approaches for the FinSim 2020 shared task on "Learning Semantic Representations for the Financial Domain". The goal of this task is to classify financial terms into the most relevant hypernym (or top-level) concept in an external ontology. We leverage both context-dependent and context-independent word embeddings in our analysis. Our systems deploy Word2vec embeddings trained from scratch on the corpus (Financial Prospectus in English) along with pre-trained BERT embeddings. We divide the test dataset into two subsets based on a domain rule. For one subset, we use unsupervised distance measures to classify the term. For the second subset, we use simple supervised classifiers like Naive Bayes, on top of the embeddings, to arrive at a final prediction. Finally, we combine both the results. Our system ranks 1st based on both the metrics, i.e., mean rank and accuracy.
Analyzing the Framing of 2020 Presidential Candidates in the News

In this study, we apply NLP methods to learn about the framing of the 2020 Democratic Presidential candidates in news media. We use both a lexicon-based approach and word embeddings to analyze how candidates are discussed in news sources with different political leanings. Our results show significant differences in the framing of candidates across the news sources along several dimensions, such as sentiment and agency, paving the way for a deeper investigation.
Electrical properties of Deiters cells of the mammalian cochlea

Deiters cells provide structural support for outer hair cells within the mammalian organ of Corti, but may also be implicated in local homeostasis. This thesis has investigated electrical properties of Deiters cells of the apical guinea pig cochlea in order to assess their capacity for buffering [K^] in the immediate environment of the outer hair cell. A quantitative description of the Deiters cells membrane conductance was formulated according to the Hodgkin-Huxley model, based on whole cell voltage clamp experiments on isolated cells. Using an in situ preparation of the organ of Corti, the network properties of Deiters cells were found to be accurately reproduced by a two dimensional model of parallel sheets of membrane separated by a continuous internal medium. A numerical simulation estimated the electrotonic space constant within the Deiters cell network under in vivo conditions to be in the order of millimetres. The distribution of the conductance along the cell membrane was investigated using focal application of high [K^] to isolated cells under whole cell voltage clamp. Over 50 % of the conductance was found to be concentrated in the cup region of the Deiters cells, where they envelop the basal pole of the outer hair cell. Both the network properties of the cell syncitium and the distribution of conductance on individual cells were interpreted as favourable for spatial buffering. However, a simple calculation suggested that uptake by the Deiters cell, as delimited by the membrane conductance, is unlikely to significantly alter extracellular [K^] in the environment of the outer hair cell. On the other hand, modulation of the membrane conductance, as observed in isolated cells, could increase uptake enough to allow a significant contribution from Deiters cells to clearance from the narrow space around the outer hair cell base.
Genetic Algorithm Technique for Optimizing the Maximum Supplied Power of a Photovoltaic Module under Various Atmospheric Conditions

Due to the fact of daily climatic changes and their impact on the solar modules (photovoltaic modules), the maximum of power generated from them is of a big importance, for this reason we have to follow this maximum whatever the climatic conditions in which the module is situated are. Genetic Algorithms, considered as heuristic techniques, is used to optimize this maximum generated power in terms of both current and voltage from one side and the maximum power operating point MPOP from the other side.
Effect of hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, on bacterial enzymes and carcinogen‐induced aberrant crypt foci in colon cancer rats: a dose‐dependent study

Hesperetin, an important bioactive compound in Chinese traditional medicine, has antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. Hesperetin is found in abundance in orange and grape juices (200–590 mg L−1) consumed in the daily diet. We have investigated the effect of different doses of hesperetin on faecal and colonic mucosal bacterial enzymes and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH)‐induced colon carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into six groups and were fed a modified pellet diet for 16 weeks. Group 1 served as control and group 2 received the modified pellet diet along with hesperetin (30 mg kg−1). The rats in groups 3–6 rats were given a weekly subcutaneous injection of DMH (20 mg kg−1) for the first four weeks. Hesperetin was supplemented orally at different doses (10, 20 or 30 mg kg−1) for a total of 16 weeks. At the end of the experimental period all rats were killed. In DMH‐treated rats, the activity of faecal and colonic mucosal bacterial enzymes, such as β‐glucuronidase, β‐galactosidase, β‐glucosidase, nitroreductase, sulfatase and mucinase, were significantly elevated, but in rats supplemented hesperetin along with DMH the activity was significantly lowered (P < 0.05). The total number of aberrant crypts was significantly increased in unsupplemented DMH‐treated rats, while hesperetin supplementation to DMH‐treated rats significantly reduced the total number of crypts. The results demonstrated that hesperetin supplementation at a dose of 20 mg kg−1 played a potent role in suppressing the formation of aberrant crypt foci and reducing the activity of bacterial enzymes in colon cancer.
Quantitative trade models and the economic assessment of TTIP

We review the different quantitative trade studies on the expected economic effects of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Methodologically the studies can be divided into those employing computable general equilibrium (CGE) models and structural gravity (SG) models. Predicted welfare gains vary significantly between the different studies, but these differences can be mainly explained by two components: differences in the expected trade cost reductions and differences in the economic model employed to calculate the welfare effects of these reductions. After a careful assessment of the studies, we conclude that reliable estimates of trade cost reductions are between 3% and 15% and reliable estimates of the welfare effects are between 0.2% and 2% real income gain for the TTIP partners.
TNF-α Induces Phosphorylation of p47phox in Human Neutrophils: Partial Phosphorylation of p47phox Is a Common Event of Priming of Human Neutrophils by TNF-α and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 1

Phosphorylation of p47phox is a key event in NADPH oxidase activation. We examined the ability of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1, and G-CSF to induce this process compared with GM-CSF. Only TNF-α and GM-CSF induced a clear p47phox phosphorylation. This phosphorylation was time dependent and reached its maximum at 20 min. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping of p47phox phosphorylated in neutrophils primed with TNF-α revealed partial phosphorylation of p47phox on the same peptide as for GM-CSF. Neutrophil incubation with TNF-α and subsequent addition of the chemotactic peptide fMLP resulted in more intense phosphorylation of p47phox sites than with each reagent alone. A neutralizing Ab against the p55 TNF receptor, contrary to a neutralizing Ab against the p75 TNF receptor, inhibited TNF-α-induced p47phox phosphorylation. Neutrophil treatment with both TNF-α and GM-CSF resulted in more intense phosphorylation of the same p47phox peptide observed with each cytokine alone, suggesting that they engaged pathways converging on common serines. This additive effect was also obtained on the priming of NADPH oxidase activity. The use of protein kinase inhibitors pointed to the involvement of a protein tyrosine kinase, but not protein kinase C. These findings show that TNF-α, via its p55 receptor, induces a protein tyrosine kinase-dependent selective phosphorylation of p47phox on specific serines. The ability of TNF-α and GM-CSF, two different cytokines with two different receptors to induce this specific p47phox phosphorylation, suggests that this event could be a common element of the priming of neutrophils by TNF-α and GM-CSF.
A Comparison of Identification Methods of Brazilian Music Styles by Lyrics

In our work, we applied different techniques for the task of genre classification using lyrics. Utilizing our dataset with lyrics of typical genres in Brazil divided into seven classes, we apply some models used in machine learning and deep learning classification tasks. We explore the performance of usual models for text classification using an input in the Portuguese language. We also compare the use of RNN and classic machine learning approaches for text classification, exploring the most used methods in the field.
Beyond SoNaR: towards the facilitation of large corpus building efforts

In this paper we report on the experiences gained in the recent construction of the SoNaR corpus, a 500 MW reference corpus of contemporary, written Dutch. It shows what can realistically be done within the confines of a project setting where there are limitations to the duration in time as well to the budget, employing current state-of-the-art tools, standards and best practices. By doing so we aim to pass on insights that may be beneficial for anyone considering to undertake an effort towards building a large, varied yet balanced corpus for use by the wider research community. Various issues are discussed that come into play while compiling a large corpus, including approaches to acquiring texts, the arrangement of IPR, the choice of text formats, and steps to be taken in the preprocessing of data from widely different origins. We describe FoLiA, a new XML format geared at rich linguistic annotations. We also explain the rationale behind the investment in the high-quali ty semi-automatic enrichment of a relatively small (1 MW) subset with very rich syntactic and semantic annotations. Finally, we present some ideas about future developments and the direction corpus development may take, such as setting up an integrated work flow between web services and the potential role for ISOcat. We list tips for potential corpus builders, tricks they may want to try and further recommendations regarding technical developments future corpus builders may wish to hope for.
The effect of the chemical structure of additives on the coagulation of casein micelle suspensions by rennet

Summary Casein micelles in milk-salts solution adsorbed charged detergents and highly-charged polypeptides strongly, neutral detergents less strongly and low molecular-weight amines weakly. A tetra-amine was adsorbed more strongly than a tri-amine. The extent of adsorption of proteins tended to rise as the molecular weight increased. Glycerol and lactate were adsorbed to a limited extent but dextran and α-ketoglutarate were not adsorbed at all. Proline was partly adsorbed, indicating that hydrophobic binding sites were available, and caused some disruption of the casein micelles. Additives were bound to approximately the same extent by casein micelles and rennet coagula. The proportions adsorbed were constant over at least 10-fold ranges of concentration. Additives which increased the rennet clotting time (RCT) acted by binding Ca2+. Most additives decreased the RCT, the extent increasing with the amount adsorbed and the positive charge on the additive. The greatest reduction in RCT was observed with those additives which had positively-charged and hydrophobic moieties and bound most strongly to casein micelles. Of the additives tested, only sodium dodecyl sulphate affected the enzymic action of rennet. The reduction in RCT may have resulted from the neutralization of the negative charge of the micelles or enhancement of their hydrophobicity, favouring hydrophobic interactions between the particles.
Priming previne a insuficiência renal aguda nefrotóxica através da estimulação do mecanismo de defesa antioxidante

Introduction: Priming is the mechanism of protection induced by a previous exposition of a cell or organ to low or equal concentrations of a toxic substance. Objective: To analyze the mechanism of priming induced by the previous exposition to gentamicin in human proximal tubular cells and nephrotoxic acute renal failure (ARF). Methods: Wistar rats and tubular cells were exposed to gentamicin 2mM during 24h or 40 mg/kg during 3 days and after one rest week were exposed to the same concentration during 24h in cells and additional ten days in rats. The primed animals were compared to control rats receiving vehicle and GENTA animals treated with the gentamicin during the same period. Biochemical parameters were analyzed. The oxidative stress was analyzed by urinary hydroperoxides and carbonylated protein while antioxidant defense was studied by antioxidant activity of the plasma (FRAP), catalase, superoxide dismutase, heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) immunostaining and enzymatic activity in kidney. Necrosis, apoptosis, proliferation, endothelin 1 (ET-1) and HO-1 expression were studied in cells. Results: Priming of the animals inhibited the increase in creatinine, urea, sodium excretion and urinary protein induced by gentamicin. Bosentan, ET-1 receptor antagonist, and hemin, HO-1 inducer, potentiate the inhibition. The mechanism of protection was mediated by induction of the antioxidant enzymes HO-1, catalase and SOD activity and oxidative stress reduction. Priming inhibited cell death and induced proliferation through ET-1 production. Conclusion: Priming is a persistent and multifactorial mechanism, the stimulation of the antioxidant defense could mimics partially the priming process and prevent the ARF.
Exon Structure Analysis, Ortholog Identification, and SNP Candidate Screening by Mapping Mouse RIKEN Sequences to Multiple Genome Assemblies

Mapping RIKEN full-length cDNAs (The FANTOM Consortium and the RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group Phase I and II Team 2002) to the genome assemblies enables a variety of analyses to be performed. First, exon structure can be determined, and coding and noncoding regions can be inferred, due to different average exon length. In some cases, the alternative exon structures may be identified at this stage. Second, chromosome position can be used to identify the correct ortholog in human, for which functional data may be available. Third, intronless genes can be identified and examined carefully to determine whether they are retransposition events, pseudogenes, or genomic contamination. Finally, high-quality sequence discrepancies can be identified as potential SNPs by use of the fact that RIKEN and Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium sequenced the C57BL/6J mouse strain, whereas the four mouse strains sequenced by Celera included 129X1/SvJ, 129S1/SvImJ, DBA/2J, and A/J. We have mapped 60,770 RIKEN clones by BLAT (Kent 2002) to the MGSC (Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium 2002) genome assembly versions 1 and 3, Ensembl human genome assembly v.28 and the Celera mouse genome assembly releases R12 and R13, and human assembly Release R26i (http://cds.celera.com/; Table 1). The single-exon clones longer than 1 Kb are candidates for further investigation as bona fide intronless genes, retransposition events, or possible genomic DNA contamination. For this investigation, the expression profile of an intronless clone can be very informative (Su et al. 2002). This analysis also allows us to roughly compare the completeness of the assemblies. Of 60,172 RIKEN cDNAs containing >100 non-masked bases, >99% were mapped at >70% length to both latest assemblies, much more complete than the earlier assemblies. Figure 1 illustrates the comparison of the mapping to four assemblies. MGSC v.3 in green as left bars, Celera R13 in blue as right bars for each chromosome. Where RIKEN clones mapped to both assemblies, a cyan line connects the mapping positions, whereas triangles mark clones mapped exclusively to one assembly. The large-scale discrepancies are marked in red. One can observe a 10-Mb contig inversion on chromosome X (later detected and corrected by MGSC) and smaller ones on chr.5, 17, 18, 19, etc. The up-to-date scalable version of the mapping comparison is available at http://www.gnf. org/RIKEN/. The extra bars represent superimposed syntenic regions identified by mapping to human assemblies, NCBI v.28 left from MGSC v.3, Celera R26h right from the mouse Celera R13. The two-digit electric color code for human chromosomes is shown at the bottom. Several cases of different syntenic assignment deserve further investigation.
Trumpeter swan behaviour at spring-migration stopover areas in southern Alberta

The use of breeding and wintering areas has been a focus of studies on trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator), but the importance of migration stopover areas has been overlooked. We conducted a behavioural study to assess trumpeter swans' use of spring-migration stopover areas in southern Alberta, Canada. Adult swans foraged for 48% of the day, preened for 12%, rested for 26%, and were involved in locomotion for 14% of the time. Cygnets foraged for 49% of the day, preened for 15%, rested for 19%, and were involved in locomotion for 18% of their time. Temperature had a significant effect on the time budget of trumpeter swans: below 4°C, foraging diminished and sleeping was the dominant activity. The dominant activity of trumpeter swans in spring-migration stopover areas was foraging. We therefore suggest that these stopover areas are important for building the energy reserves required for successful migration and breeding.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OLD‐GROWTH, MATURING, AND PARTIALLY CUT NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS

Live tree diameter distributions, and abundance and quality of standing and downed coarse woody debris (CWD), were compared among three northern hardwood stand types in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, USA: old growth; partially cut, uneven-aged with 40–50 cm maximum residual diameters; and maturing, even-aged, 90–100 yr old, postfire. Downed CWD (stumps ≤1 m tall and logs) volumes in the old-growth, partially cut, and maturing stands were 139, 69, and 61 m3/ha, respectively. Large (≥50 cm diameter) CWD comprised 17%, 13%, and 4% of the total downed CWD volume in the old-growth, partially cut, and maturing stands respectively. Approximately one-half the large CWD in the partially cut stands was in the form of cut stumps. Standing CWD (stumps >1 m tall and standing dead trees) basal areas averaged 8.6, 1.2, and 4.1 m2/ha in the old-growth, partially cut, and maturing stands, respectively. Basal area of large (≥50 cm diameter) standing CWD averaged 70%, 0%, and 5% of the total in the old-growth, partia.
Characterization of Lipid-Anchored Inhibitor Rulers as a Measure of Enzyme Topography in Coagulation Enzyme Factor Xa

The blood coagulation cascade is activated under various circumstances such as an injury. This system involves a tightly regulated series of events. The enzymes involved assemble with their respective cofactors on lipid membranes to reach their full procoagulant complex potential. The coagulation cascade is divided into intrinsic and extrinsic portions, both of which converge into a common pathway with the activation of factor X (FXa). FXa is a very important part of the blood coagulation cascade because its activation is primarily responsible for thrombin generation. Activation of FXa alone is, however, insufficient to produce a fully active thrombin. For this to occur, FXa must form a complex with its protein cofactor Factor Va and its protein substrate prothrombin on a phospholipid surface. This suggests that the topography of the enzyme on the lipid surface changes when in a fully pro-coagulant state. However, the topography of FXa alone and in complex with these cofactors is poorly understood. Kunitz-type protein inhibitors, such as basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), are globular proteins, which inhibit serine proteases such as FXa. These small protein inhibitors fit just inside the active site of the enzyme, making them ideal candidates with which to study the active site of FXa. The goal of this project is to gain understanding of the topography of fully active FXa by using lipid-anchored BPTI with linkers that act as molecular rulers to measure the range of reactive heights of the active site of FXa in its pro-coagulant complex on a phospholipid surface.
Characterization of microsatellite markers in a threatened species, the White Sands pupfish ( Cyprinodon tularosa )

We report the characterization of nine new microsatellite markers for a threatened species, the White Sands pupfish ( Cyprinodon tularosa ), using an enriched library method. These markers show moderate levels of variation (two to five alleles per locus) in the two native populations of this species and reveal substantial divergence between these two populations as indicated by a high percentage of private alleles. These markers will prove very useful in the conservation management of this rare species.
Role of Strychnos bicirohssa Benth. on anti-inflammatory activity in experimental model by using Wistar rats.

The study was intended to evaluate the antiinflamm atory activity of ethanol extract of Strychnos bicirohssa ( Loganiaceae ) (EESB). The antiinflammatory activity was carried out in different methods such as carrageenan induced, cotton pellet induced, croton oil induced oedema. The study was compared to a standard drug indomethacin (10 mg/kg). The results indicated that EESB is a bioactive agent having significant role in antiinflammatory action by inhibition of the exuda tion, and leukocytes recruitment into the inflamed tissues.