Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced Basal and LPS-Stimulated A 1 AR Expression in the Brain of NF- κ B p50 − / − Mice

Adenosine promotes cytoprotection under condition of infection, ischemic preconditioning and oxidative stress. Previous studies from our laboratory indicate that the expression of the adenosine A 1 receptor (A 1 AR) is induced by oxidative stress via activation of nuclear factor (NF)- κ B. The prototypic transcription factor is comprised of homo- or heterodimers of p50 and p65 subunits. To determine the role of NF- κ B in the regulation of the A 1 AR in vivo , we compared the A 1 AR RNA and protein levels in the brains of mice lacking the p50 subunit of NF- κ B (p50 − / − mice) and age-matched B6129PF2/J (F2) controls. Radioligand binding assays in the cortex revealed a significantly lower number of A 1 AR (B max ) in the cortex of p50 − / − mice (151 ± 62 fmol/mg protein) versus 479 ± 181 fmol/mg protein in the F2 (N=5 per strain, p < 0.05), but no change in K d . Similar reductions in A 1 AR were measured in the hippocampus, brain stem and hypothalamus and in peripheral tissues, such as the adrenal gland, kidney and spleen. Estimation of the A 1 AR following purification by antibody affinity columns also indicated reduced A 1 AR in the p50 − / − mice cortex, as compared to the F2 mice. A 1 AR immunocytochemistry indicates distinct neuronal labeling in the F2 cortex, which was substantially reduced in similar sections obtained from p50 − / − mice. p50 − / − mice expressed lower levels of A 1 AR mRNA than F2 mice, as determined by real time PCR. Quantitation of the A 1 AR transducing G proteins by Western blotting show significantly less G α i3 , no change in G α i1 , but higher levels of G α o and G β in the cortices of p50 − / − , as compared to F2 mice. Administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an activator of NF- κ B, increased A 1 AR expression in the cortices of F2 mice but not p50 − / − mice. Cortical neurons cultures prepared from p50 − / − mice showed a greater degree of apoptosis, compared to neurons from F2 mice. Activation of the A 1 AR reduced apoptosis with greater efficacy in cultures from F2 than p50 − / − mice. Taken together, these data support a role for NF- κ B in determining both the basal and LPS-stimulated A 1 AR expression in vivo which could contribute to neuronal survival.
Nucleic Acids Research

LTK- cells have been transformed to the TK+ phenotype by treatment with size-defined concatamers of HSV-1 TK DNA and Ad2 Bam Hi C fragment (42.0 -59.5 map units). All TK+ transformants contained Ad2 DNA as well as HSV-l TK sequences. In most cases several inserts of virus DNA were present, many in high copy numbers. Although no Ad2 transcription promoter was present in the transforming DNA, Ad2-specific sequences were detected in polyadenylated cytoplasmic RNA species from several cell lines.
Pre-transplant Exercise and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Survival: a secondary analysis of Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN 0902)

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN) Protocol 0902 evaluated whether exercise and stress management training prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) improved physical and mental functioning after HCT. Neither overall survival nor other patient-reported transplant outcomes were improved by the training intervention. In some animal studies of HCT, moderate intensity exercise for 8 weeks before HCT has been associated with positive effects on hematopoietic progenitors resulting in improved donor engraftment and improved survival. Accordingly, we performed a secondary analysis of data from BMT CTN 0902 to determine whether exercise engagement prior to HCT was associated with engraftment and survival. There were no significant associations between self-reported pre-HCT exercise levels and engraftment or survival. There was also no effect of pre-transplant exercise on either neutrophil or platelet engraftment. These findings do not support the observations in animal models but are limited by several shortcomings that do not refute the hypothesis that exercise before HCT may be beneficial.
RC2: Review of "Downscaling CMIP6 Global Solutions to Regional Ocean Carbon Model: Connecting the Mississippi, of Ocean"

such This paper presents a 20-year simulation of the Gulf of Mexico with a coupled physical biogeochemical model including carbon chemistry. The paper provides a validation of the model against observations. It also presents two perturbed experiments, "Bry" and "NoR", "Bry" has fixed the DIC and TA boundary conditions for the year 2000 and "NoR" has no rivers. Furthermore, the carbon budget and how different processes such as temperature, primary production and mixing attribute to the total is presented, which was very interesting to see. The presentation is focused on the Northern Gulf of Mexico and the open ocean Gulf of Mexico, though some other regions are also discussed. This work is interesting and worthy of publication, but a major revision of how the results are presented is necessary before publication. Here are the major points: than a full Several questions arise related to this:
'25I-Labelling of Erythropoietin without Loss of Biological Activity

Erythropoietin, the hormone that regulates erythropoiesis in mammals, was 125I-labelled by using the catalytic properties of lactoperoxidase and the H202-generating properties of glucose oxidase. This methodology, both rapid and simple, not only produced hormone preparations with high specific radioactivity but also did not substantially alter the biological integrity of erythropoietin when it was assayed in vivo.
Internal UHF antenna for partial discharge detection in GIS

A compact ultra-high-frequency (UHF) antenna is developed in this work. First, by means of shifting symmetrical octagonal monopole into asymmetrical one, the impedance matching performance of antenna at high frequencies is improved; then, by cutting the radiation patch and ground plane in part, the antenna is reduced by 37.9% in size while maintaining its bandwidth; finally, a Γ-shaped slot on the ground plane is utilised to create an additional resonance, decreasing the low cutoff frequency without enlarging the antenna volume. The proposed antenna only occupies 124 mm × 77 mm × 1.6 mm and achieves 3:1 voltage standing wave ratio from 575 MHz to more than 4.5 GHz, along with simple structure, good radiation patterns, moderate peak gain, and strong pulse handling capability. Furthermore, the electrical dimension, ratio bandwidth, and bandwidth dimension ratio are compared with those of existing broadband antennas. The partial discharge (PD) experiments have been carried out for four typical insulation defect models in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), and the results demonstrate that it is more sensitive to PD signals arising from floating metal, free metal particle, and void in the epoxy resin as compared to the disc coupler.
Zooming Out from the Struggling Individual Student: An Account of the Cultural Construction of Engineering Ability in an Undergraduate Programming Class

To explain educational problems such as student attrition, engineering education literature often focuses on the characteristics of individuals. In 2006, Ray McDermott and Hervé Varenne called for examining the “cultural construction” of educational problems, uncovering how multiple actors create and inscribe meaning to the educational problem.
The Three Laws of Robotics

These form an organizing principle and unifying theme for Asimov's robotic-based fiction, appearing in his Robot series, the stories linked to it, and his Lucky Starr series of young-adult fiction. The Laws are incorporated into almost all of the positronic robots appearing in his fiction, and cannot be bypassed, being intended as a safety feature. Many of Asimov's robot-focused stories involve robots behaving in unusual and counter-intuitive ways as an unintended consequence of how the robot applies the Three Laws to the situation in which it finds itself. Other authors working in Asimov's fictional universe have adopted them and references, often parodic, appear throughout science fiction as well as in other genres.
The effect of a HFD on mitochondrial metabolism depends on nutritional state and mTORC1 activation

Dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism during hepatic insulin resistance may contribute to pathophysiologies ranging from elevated glucose production to hepatocellular oxidative stress and inflammation. Since obesity impairs insulin action but paradoxically activates mTORC1, we tested whether insulin action and mTORC1 contribute to altered in vivo hepatic mitochondrial metabolism. Loss of hepatic insulin action for 2-weeks caused increased gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial anaplerosis, TCA cycle oxidation and ketogenesis. However activation of mTORC1, induced by loss of hepatic Tsc1, suppressed these fluxes. Only glycogen synthesis was impaired by both loss of insulin receptor and mTORC1 activation. Mice with a double knockout of the insulin receptor and Tsc1 had larger livers, hyperglycemia, severely impaired glycogen storage and eTOC:Using in vivo stable isotope tracers, Kucejova et al. find that loss of hepatic insulin action stimulates mitochondrial metabolism, and that activation of mTORC1 suppresses mitochondrial metabolism and decreases nutritional flexibility. Together, loss of insulin action and activation of mTORC1 recapitulate certain effects of diet-induced insulin resistance on mitochondrial metabolism.
Effect of site-specific soil nonlinearities and uncertainties on ground motion intensity measures and structural demand parameters

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effects of site-specific uncertainties in soil strength and stiffness parameters on the commonly used ground motion intensity measures and the resulting engineering demand parameters of moment resisting frames of varying heights at a site in Los Angeles, California. Through a detailed site-specific uncertainty analysis, comparison with generic data, and an extensive parametric study, it is shown that underestimation or overestimation of the true soil uncertainties could significantly affect both the average values and variabilities of the Arias intensity and PGA, and that the uncertainty in the soil strength parameter has more profound effect on the intensity measures than the uncertainty in the soil stiffness parameter. It is also shown that depending upon the natural period of a structure, the uncertainty in both the soil strength and stiffness parameters could affect its peak floor acceleration and peak inter-story drift. Moreover, it is observed that the structure amplifies the soil uncertainty more than the seismological uncertainty.
TNF- α Signaling in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration

Growing evidence supports the role of TNF- α as a mediator of neurodegeneration in glaucoma. Glial production of TNF- α is increased and its death receptor is up-regulated on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve axons in glaucomatous eyes. This multifunctional cytokine can induce RGC death through receptor-mediated caspase activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Opposing these cell-death promoting signals, binding of TNF receptors can also trigger the activation of survival signals. A critical balance between a variety of intracellular signaling pathways determines the predominant in vivo bioactivity of TNF- α as best exemplified by differential responses of RGCs and glia. In addition to the direct neurotoxicity of TNF- α to RGCs and their axons, potential interplay of TNF- α signaling with other cellular events associated with glaucomatous neurodegeneration may also contribute to secondary neurodegenerative injury. This review focuses on the present evidence supporting the involvement of TNF- α signaling in glaucomatous neurodegeneration and possible treatment targets to provide neuroprotection.
Multiband reconfigurable Bowtie slot antenna using switchable slot extensions for WiFi, WiMAX, and WLAN applications

In this letter, a compact multi‐band reconfigurable CPW fed bowtie slot antenna is presented and these performances are discussed. The known properties of the bowtie antenna, namely a high gain and a fairly large bandwidth have been used in order to design a reconfigurable multiband antenna which makes it possible to switch between a single band (initial mode) and dual band or triple band modes, making it more agile in frequency. The proposed approach is based on the integration of two pairs of slots on the two sides of the antenna to create new bands optimized to operate in the two bands of WiFi and WiMAX at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz, respectively. The results of measurements and simulations are presented and compared and a good agreement is established. The antenna is intended for multiservices and cognitive radios applications.
Cardiac-related spinal cord tissue motion at the foramen magnum is elevated in Type I Chiari malformation patients and decreases post-decompression surgery

Objective— Type 1 Chiari malformation (CM-I) is a craniospinal disorder historically defined by cerebellar tonsillar position (TP) greater than 3-5mm below the foramen magnum (FM). This definition has come under question since quantitative measurements of cerebellar herniation do not always correspond with symptom severity. Researchers have proposed several additional radiographic diagnostic criteria based on dynamic motion of fluids and/or tissues. The present study objective was to determine if cardiac-related craniocaudal spinal cord tissue displacement is an accurate indicator of the presence of CM-I and if tissue displacement is altered with decompression. Methods— A cohort of 20 symptomatic patients underwent decompression surgery. Fifteen healthy volunteers were recruited for comparison to the CM-I group. Axial phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) measurements were collected pre- and post-surgery at the FM with cranial-caudal velocity encoding and 20 frames per cardiac cycle with retrospective reconstruction. Spinal cord motion (SCM) at the FM was quantified based on the peak-to-peak integral of average spinal cord velocity. Results— Tissue motion for the pre-surgical group was significantly greater than controls (p=0.0009). Motion decreased following surgery (p=0.058) with an effect size of -0.151 mm and a standard error of 0.066 mm. Post-operatively, no statistical difference from controls in bulk displacement at the FM was found (p=0.200) after post hoc testing using Tukey's adjustment for multiple comparisons. Conclusions— These results support SCM measurement by PC-MRI as a possible non-invasive radiographic diagnostic for CM-I. Dynamic measurement of SCM provides unique diagnostic information about CM-I alongside static quantification of TP and other intracranial morphometrics.
A human factors systems approach to understanding team-based primary care: a qualitative analysis

Background. Research shows that high-functioning teams improve patient outcomes in primary care. However, there is no consensus on a conceptual model of team-based primary care that can be used to guide measurement and performance evaluation of teams. Objective. To qualitatively understand whether the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model could serve as a framework for creating and evaluating team-based primary care. Methods. We evaluated qualitative interview data from 19 clinicians and staff members from 6 primary care clinics associated with a large Midwestern university. All health care clinicians and staff in the study clinics completed a survey of their communication connections to team members. Social network analysis identified key informants for interviews by selecting the respondents with the highest frequency of communication ties as reported by their teammates. Semi-structured interviews focused on communication patterns, team climate and teamwork. Results. Themes derived from the interviews lent support to the SEIPS model components, such as the work system (Team, Tools and Technology, Physical Environment, Tasks and Organization), team processes and team outcomes. Conclusions. Our qualitative data support the SEIPS model as a promising conceptual framework for creating and evaluating primary care teams. Future studies of team-based care may benefit from using the SEIPS model to shift clinical practice to high functioning team-based
Linkage of the Evolutionarily-Related Serum Albumin and ox-Fetoprotein Genes within qll-22 of Human Chromosome 4

SUMMARY Albumin and oa-fetoprotein are structurally related serum proteins, having a similar gene structure and, conceivably, a common evolutionary origin. To test their relative arrangement in the human genome, the serum albumin and oa-fetoprotein genes were mapped by in situ hybridization of cloned human albumin or oa-fetoprotein cDNA to human mitotic chromosome preparations. Analysis of cells hybridized with the serum albumin probe showed that 39% of cells exhibited grains on the proximal portion of the long arm of chromosome 4 (bands qI 1-22), with these grains comprising 30% of all labeled sites throughout these mitoses. Similarly, in cells hybridized with the ox-fetoprotein probe, 39% of cells were observed to contain silver grains on 4qI 1-22, these grains constituting 20% of all labeled sites in these cells. These results demonstrate chromosomal localization and linkage of the serum albumin and (x-fetoprotein genes within bands qi 1-22 of the long arm of human chromosome 4.
Disparity Refinement Process Based On Ransac Plane Fitting For Machine Vision Applications

This paper presents a new disparity map refinement process for stereo matching algorithm and the refinement stage that will be implemented by partitioning the place or mask image and re-projected to the preliminary disparity images. This process is to refine the noise and sparse of initial disparity map from weakly textured. The plane fitting algorithm is using Random Sample Consensus. Two well-known stereo matching algorithms have been tested on this framework with different filtering techniques applied at disparity refinement stage. The framework is evaluated on three Middlebury datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed framework produces better-quality and more accurate than normal flow state-of-the-art stereo matching algorithms. The performance evaluations are based on standard image quality metrics i.e. structural similarity index measure, peak signal-to-noise ratio and mean square error.
Investigation on the Effects of Internal EGR by Variable Exhaust Valve Actuation with Post Injection on Auto-ignited Combustion and Emission Performance

Variable valve mechanisms are usually applied to a gasoline combustion engine to improve its power performance by controlling the amount of intake air according to the operating load. These mechanisms offer one possibility of resolving the conflict of objectives between a further reduction of raw emissions and an improvement in fuel efficiency. In recent years, variable valve control systems have become extremely important in the diesel combustion engine. Importantly, it has been shown that there are several potential benefits of applying variable valve timing (VVT) to a compression ignition engine. Valve train variability could offer one option to achieve the reduction goals of engine-out emissions and fuel consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on part load combustion and emission performance of internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) by variable exhaust valve lift actuation using a cam-in-cam system, which is an electronically variable valve device with a variable inside cam retarded to about 30 degrees. Numerical simulation based on GT-POWER has been performed to predict the NOx reduction strategy at the part load operating point of 1200 rpm in a four-valve diesel engine. A GT-POWER model of a common-rail direct injection engine with internal EGR was built and verified with experimental data. As a result, large potential for reducing NOx emissions through the use of exhaust valve control has been identified. Namely, it is possible to utilize heat efficiently as recompression of retarded post injection with downscaled specification of the exhaust valve rather than the intake valve, even if the CIC V1 condition with a reduction of the exhaust valve has a higher internal EGR rate of about 2% compared to that of the CIC V2 condition.
Rapid Communication Case Studies of the Spatial Heterogeneity of DNA Viruses in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Microbial communities in the lungs of patients with cystic ﬁbrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been shown to be spatially heterogeneous. Viral communities may also vary spatially, leading to localized viral populations and infections. Here,wecharacterizedviralcommunitiesfrommultipleareasofthe lungs of two patients with late-stage CF using metagenomics, that is,theexplantedlungsfromatransplantpatientandlungsacquired postmortem. All regions harbored eukaryotic viruses that may infect the human host, notably herpesviruses, anelloviruses, and papillomaviruses. In the highly diseased apical lobes of explant lungs, viral diversity was extremely low, and only eukaryotic viruses were present. The absence of phage suggests that CF-associated microbial bioﬁlms may escape top-down controls by phage preda- tion. The phages present in other lobes of explant lungs and in all lobes of postmortem lungs comprised distinct communities, and encoded genes for clinically important microbial phenotypes, including small colony variants and antibiotic resistance. Based on the these observations, we postulate that viral communities in CF lungs are spatially distinct and contribute to CF pathology by augmenting the metabolic potential of resident microbes, as well as by directly damaging lung tissue via carcinomas and herpesviral outbreaks.
Transient mGlu5 receptor inhibition enhances the survival of granule cell precursors in the neonatal cerebellum

The generation of the most abundant neurons of the cerebellum, the granule cells, relies on a balance between clonal expansion and apoptosis during the first 10 days after birth in the external germinal layer (EGL). The amino acid glutamate controls such critical phases of cell development in other systems through specific receptors such as metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu 5 R). However, the function of mGlu 5 Rs on the proliferation and survival of granule cell precursors (GCPs) remains elusive. We found mGlu 5 R mRNA transcripts in EGL using RT-PCR and observed mGlu 5 R-mediated Ca 2+ responses in GCPs in acute slices as early as postnatal day (P) 2–3. Using in vivo injections of the selective non-competitive mGlu 5 R antagonist 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) in P7–9 mice, we found a 20% increase in the number of proliferative GCPs labeled at P7 with the S-phase marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), but no increase in cell proliferation examined 2 hours following a BrdU injection. Furthermore, similar treatments led to a significant 70% decrease in the number of apoptotic GCPs in the EGL as determined by TUNEL staining. In contrast, in vivo treatment with the mGlu 5 R agonist (RS)-2-Chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG) resulted in a ~60% increase in the number of TUNEL-labeled GCPs compared to control. These findings identify a unique role for glutamate acting at mGlu 5 Rs as a functional switch regulating GCP survival in the EGL, thus controlling the total number of cerebellar granule cells produced. cells. This finding was further supported by running a qRT-PCR apoptosis array on aspirates from the EGL of PBS- or MPEP-treated animals. Consistent with our TUNEL data, we found down-regulation of several pro-apoptotic genes in the MPEP-treated samples. Treating with a mGlu 5 R agonist (CHPG) in vivo results in a 60% increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the EGL. Our results indicate that mGlu 5 R inhibition decreased the number of apoptotic