Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HRV : Hybrid Routing in Vehicular Networks

4 To improve the quality of wireless communication and extend the application of emerging net5 working paradigms in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), we design a hybrid routing scheme 6 for VANETs, called HRV. It presents a holistic solution for inter-vehicle, vehicle-to-roadside, 7 and inter-roadside communications in hybrid urban networks. The combination of roadside unit 8 (RSU) resources and ad hoc networks involves a network coding based multicast routing for dense 9 VANETs, using maximum distance separation (MDS) code and local topology information from 10 the forwarding set to achieve robust communication and max-flow min-cut data transmission; an 11 application of opportunistic routing, using a carry and forward scheme, to solve the forwarding 12 disconnection problem in sparse VANETs; and a routing switch mechanism to guarantee quality 13 of service (QoS) in HRV under various vehicular network connectivity and roadside deployment 14 configurations. The performance of our hybrid routing schemes is evaluated using reliable VANET 15 experiments. 16 17
III–Nitride-Based Microarray Light-Emitting Diodes with Enhanced Light Extraction Efficiency

In this paper, the enhancement of light extraction efficiency in III–nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an array of microstructures is demonstrated numerically and experimentally at the near-ultraviolet (n-UV) spectral region. Two different microstructures are adopted to study the mechanism, including the shallow etching of microstructures on the indium–tin-oxide (ITO) p-contact and the deep etching of microholes through the InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) active structure and down to the n-type GaN layer. Multiple point sources with TE and TM polarizations in the MQW region are utilized in the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) analysis to model the behaviour of LED. The simulated beam patterns of both LEDs reveal that the microstructures act as diffraction gratings to extract guided light in the n-type GaN layer. The measured results of beam patterns also verify the prediction in the numerical analysis.
Removing Camera Shake from a Single Photograph

Camera shake during exposure leads to objectionable image blur and ruins many photographs. Conventional blind deconvolution methods typically assume frequency-domain constraints on images, or overly simplified parametric forms for the motion path during camera shake. Real camera motions can follow convoluted paths, and a spatial domain prior can better maintain visually salient image characteristics. We introduce a method to remove the effects of camera shake from seriously blurred images. The method assumes a uniform camera blur over the image and negligible inplane camera rotation. In order to estimate the blur from the camera shake, the user must specify an image region without saturation effects. We show results for a variety of digital photographs taken from personal photo
A 0.5 V SIMOX-MTCMOS circuit with 200 ps logic gate

Multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) circuit technology combining low-Vth CMOS logic gates and high-Vth MOSFETs is suitable for 1 V LSIs for battery-operated portable equipment. Improvements in MTCMOS device technology promise to lead to higher operating frequencies. However, higher frequencies will increase power consumption even if the supply voltage is 1 V. To reduce the power consumption, it is necessary to lower the supply voltage below 1 V, without sacrificing speed. A circuit consisting of depletion-mode MOSFETs operates with 200 mV supply. However, it cannot be applied to an LSI with more than 1 k gates because active-mode leakage current is too large. In addition, the circuit needs backgate bias, which is much larger than the supply voltage, to increase the threshold voltage and to reduce the leakage current in the sleep mode. To generate the large back-gate bias, multiple supply voltages or a boost circuit are required. The proposed low supply-voltage MTCMOS circuit with SIMOX technology uses enhancement-mode MOSFFTs and contains no boost circuit. High-speed operation of this SIMOX-MTCMOS circuit at 0.5 V supply is obtained by use of low-Vth CMOS logic gates consisting of fully-depleted body-floating MOSFETs.
Transparent Layering for Visualizing Dynamic Graphs Using the Flip Book Metaphor

Visualizing dynamic graphs is challenging because changing node and edge attributes as well as topological alterations need to be encoded in the visual representation. However, existing approaches such as animation, juxtaposition, and superimposition do not scale well. In this poster we propose a novel layering approach for visualizing dynamic graphs where the graph for each point in time is a single layer and parts of each layer are slightly shifted based on a degree-of-interest (DOI) function. In contrast to 2.5D representations that also use layering, users cannot freely change the viewing perspective but are restricted to the top view, avoiding occlusion and distortion problems. We demonstrate the layering approach by applying the concept to two graph visualizations: a node-link diagram and a radial hierarchy visualization.
Chronotype distribution in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia in a Korean sample.

OBJECTIVES Although a broad range of circadian rhythm variations have been reported, analyses of chronotypes in bipolar I disorder (BDI) and schizophrenia are rare. The present study aimed to investigate specific chronotype patterns in BDI and schizophrenia compared with healthy subjects. METHODS All patients were clinically stable and recruited from the outpatient clinics of Seoul National University Hospital. They were diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. 'Morningness/eveningness', a chronotype correlated with circadian phase, was evaluated using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) among 92 patients with BDI, 113 patients with schizophrenia (SZ), and 95 control individuals. RESULTS The CSM scores were significantly correlated with age in the control group, but a significant correlation with age was not observed in the schizophrenia or BDI groups. After controlling for age, there were significant differences between the BDI and control groups. The SZ patients did not differ from the BDI or control groups. CONCLUSIONS In this Korean sample, patients with BDI showed a significantly greater preference for 'eveningness' (including delayed sleep timing) than control individuals. The influences of pharmacotherapy or clinical status on CSM scores need to be clarified.
Molecular phylogeny of Atractus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with emphasis on Ecuadorian species and the description of three new taxa

Abstract We present a molecular phylogeny of snake genus Atractus, with an improved taxon sampling that includes 30 of the 140 species currently recognized. The phylogenetic tree supports the existence of at least three new species in the Pacific lowlands and adjacent Andean slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes, which we describe here. A unique combination of molecular, meristic and color pattern characters support the validity of the new species. With the newly acquired data, we propose and define the Atractus iridescens species group, as well as redefine the Atractus roulei species group. The species Atractus iridescens is reported for the first time in Ecuador, whereas Atractus bocourti and Atractus medusa are removed from the herpetofauna of this country. We provide the first photographic vouchers of live specimens for Atractus multicinctus, Atractus paucidens and Atractus touzeti, along with photographs of 19 other Ecuadorian Atractus species. The current status of Atractus occidentalis and Atractus paucidens is maintained based on the discovery of new material referable to these species. With these changes, the species number reported in Ecuador increases to 27, a number that is likely to increase as material not examined in this work becomes available and included in systematic studies.
Analysis of a battery-integrated boost converter for module-based series connected photovoltaic system

In this paper, a battery-integrated boost converter for module-based series connected photovoltaic (PV) system is analyzed. Each PV module has its own battery and DC/DC converter. The converter achieves maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and battery charging. Application of proposed converter to module-based series connected PV system can maintain string voltage and save an additional voltage amplification stage. Steady-state analysis of the converter to determine the power flow equations is presented. Three advantages comparing with the conventional series connected boost converter are reported. Simulation and experimental results of a laboratory prototype are presented.
Genetic diversity of Burkholderia solanacearum (synonym Pseudomonas solanacearum) race 3 in Kenya

Genetic diversity among isolates of the bacterial plant pathogen Burkholderia solanacearum (synonym Pseudomonas solanacearum) race 3 biovar II of Kenya was determined by PCR with repetitive sequences (ERIC and BOX repetitive primer sets) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA digested by rare-cutting restriction endonucleases (RC-PFGE). The study comprised 46 isolates collected during 1992 from the major potato-growing regions of Kenya (45 were identified as race 3 biovar II, and 1 belonged to race 3 biovar N2) and 39 reference isolates from 19 other countries. RC-PFGE identified 10 distinct profile types among the Kenyan race 3 biovar II isolates (29 of the isolates exhibited identical profiles) and a further 27 distinct profile types among the reference isolates. ERIC and BOX primer sets were unable to differentiate race 3 biovar II isolates within the Kenyan population but differentiated a further two distinct profile types among the reference isolates. The race 3 biovar N2 isolate had a highly distinct RC-PFGE and repetitive sequence PCR profile. Statistical analysis of the data identified biogeographic trends consistent with conclusions drawn from previous studies on the origin and worldwide dissemination of race 3 biovar II isolates; however, genomic fingerprinting by RC-PFGE revealed a level of genetic diversity previously unrealized.
An Assessment of the Way and McKee (1982) Type‐Curve Method

Horizontal and vertical anisotropy exists in all naturally deposited formations, but horizontal anisotropy is negligible for most of them. In some sedimentary deposits, however, horizontal anisotropy may cause flow to be more dominant along the plane of deposition as compared with the direction perpendicular to the direction of deposition. Horizontal anisotropy depends on sediment deposition rate, depositional environment, and shape, size, and orientation of particles (Quiñones-Aponte 1989). Over 25 years ago, Way and McKee (1982) published a type-curve method to determine the hydraulic parameters of horizontally and vertically anisotropic confined aquifers using data from partially penetrating wells. Their analysis was based on Hantush’s well-known analytical solution (Hantush 1957, 1961a, 1961b, 1964; Reed 1980). The authors presented their method as a generalization of the solution by Papadopulos (1965) for partially penetrating wells in horizontally and vertically anisotropic confined aquifers. While I was writing my first book (Batu 1998), the Way and McKee paper did not come to my attention. After my book was published, I spent some time studying the Way and McKee method and found that their type-curve method contained a fundamental error. About 10 years ago, I began writing a paper to inform readers of Ground Water about the error in the Way and McKee paper but was unable to complete the publishing process. Recently, the same paper came to my attention once more, and I realized how important it is to make these results publicly known. In the following paragraphs, I present my assessment.
Acetylcholine promotes the emergence and elongation of lateral roots of Raphanus sativus

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was grown on four layers of paper towel moistened with distilled water with and without acetylcholine (ACh) for five days in the dark after sowing. ACh at 1 nM promoted the growth (emergence and elongation) of lateral roots of radish plants, but had no effect on the stems and main roots. Moreover, ACh enhanced the dry weight of roots [main (primary) + lateral roots]. Neostigmine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) also promoted the emergence and elongation of lateral roots, and atropine, a competitive inhibitor of ACh receptor, suppressed the emergence and elongation. ACh suppressed the activity of AChE and increased the amount of proteins and pyridine nucleotides (NAD and NADH) in the roots of the seedlings. It also increased the activities of NAD-forming enzymes [NAD synthetase and ATP-nicotinamide mononucleotide (ATP-NMN) adenyltransferase], and enhanced the amount of DNA in the roots of the seedlings. The relationship between ACh and the emergence and growth of lateral roots was discussed from a biochemical viewpoint.
Leakage squeezing: Optimal implementation and security evaluation

Abstract Hardware devices can be protected against side-channel attacks by introducing one random mask per sensitive variable. The computation throughout is unaltered if the shares (masked variable and mask) are processed concomitantly, in two distinct registers. Nonetheless, this setup can still be attacked if the side-channel is squared, because this operation causes an interference between the two shares. This more sophisticated analysis is referred to as a zero-offset second-order correlation power analysis (CPA) attack. When the device leaks in Hamming distance, the countermeasure can be improved by the “leakage squeezing”. It consists in manipulating the mask through a bijection, aimed at reducing the dependency between the shares' leakage. Thus dth-order zero-offset attacks, that consist in applying CPA on the dth power of the centered side-channel traces, can be thwarted for d ≥ 2 at no extra cost. We denote by n the size in bits of the shares and call F the transformation function, that is, a bijection of 𝔽 2 n $\mathbb {F}_2^n$ . In this paper, we explore the functions F that thwart zero-offset high-order CPA (HO-CPA) of maximal order d. We mathematically demonstrate that optimal choices for F relate to optimal binary codes (in the sense of communication theory). First, we exhibit optimal linear F functions. They are suitable for masking schemes where only one mask is used throughout the algorithm. Second, we note that for values of n for which non-linear codes exist with better parameters than linear ones, better protection levels can be obtained. This applies to implementations in which each mask is randomly cast independently of the previous ones. These results are exemplified in the case n = 8, where the optimal F can be identified: it is derived from the optimal rate 1/2 binary code of size 2n$2n$ , namely the Nordstrom–Robinson (16,256,6)$(16, 256, 6)$ code. This example provides explicitly with the optimal protection that limits to one mask of byte-oriented algorithms such as AES or AES-based SHA-3 candidates. It protects against all zero-offset HO-CPA attacks of order d≤5$d \le 5$ . Eventually, the countermeasure is shown to be resilient to imperfect leakage models, where the registers leak differently than the sum of their toggling bits.
Transposon insertion and subsequent donor formation promoted by Tn501 in Bordetella pertussis

The mercuric chloride resistance transposon, Tn501, was introduced into Bordetella pertussis by using the chimeric plasmid pUW942, which is unable to replicate in this species. Tn501 insertions which conferred a thiamine requirement were the predominant insertion class. In many cases, the mercuric chloride-resistant transconjugants were also resistant to the other plasmid markers, but failure to detect plasmid DNA in these isolates indicated that integration of the entire plasmid into the chromosome had occurred. One such insertion was further characterized. Southern hybridization with a Tn501-specific probe indicated that chromosomal DNA from one strain containing the integrated plasmid had two copies of Tn501 and an intervening copy of the plasmid associated with the chromosome. The presence of the plasmid was unstable, and derivatives which had lost all of the plasmid markers except mercuric chloride resistance were obtained. These strains had a single copy of Tn501 and had lost all of the rest of the plasmid-specific sequences. Strains containing the plasmid in the integrated state could act as genetic donors and mobilize chromosomal genes.
Cerebral hemodynamics in normal and complicated pregnancy

During pregnancy, approximately 6-25% of women are diagnosed with some form of hypertension. These disorders are among the leading causes of maternal mortality and severe morbidity. While multiple maternal organs can be affected, cerebral involvement is one of the most feared complications as it can lead to death or significant short- or long-term morbidity. The pathophysiology of these cerebrovascular complications remains poorly understood, but it is thought that the blood vessels in the brain malfunction. Normally, the blood flow in the brain does not change despite changes in blood pressure. This is called ‘cerebral autoregulation’. This mechanism protect the brain from bleeding when the blood pressure is high, and protects from fainting when the blood pressure is low. In this thesis, we show that in normal pregnancy, more blood flows to the posterior part of the brain. This may explain why women with preeclampsia have symptoms, which mainly originate from the posterior part of the brain, such as the vision. The cerebral autoregulation improves when a women is pregnant, but is worsened in pregnant women with preeclampsia or chronic hypertension. Autoregulation in pregnancy is not affected by diabetes, overweight or pregnancy induced hypertension. Breath holding also causes a reaction of the brain vessel. This reaction is different in preeclampsia from healthy pregnant women. This also shows that these vessels malfunction. Finally, in this thesis we show that examination of the brain vessels may be used as a screening tool to identify those women who are at risk for developing preeclampsia.
Activation of Pax 6 depends on somitogenesis in the chick embryo cervical spinal cord

Pax6 is a paired-type homeobox gene expressed in discrete regions of the central nervous system. In the spinal cord of 7to 10-somite-stage chicken embryos, Pax6 is not detected within the caudal neural plate, but is progressively upregulated in the neuroepithelium neighbouring each newly formed somite. In the present study, we accumulate data suggesting that this initial activation of Pax6 is controlled via the paraxial mesoderm in correlation with somitogenesis. First, we observed that high levels of Pax6 expression occur independently of the presence of SHH-expressing cells when neural plates are maintained in culture in the presence of paraxial mesoderm. Second, grafting a somite caudally under a neural plate that has not yet expressed the gene induces a premature activation of Pax6. Furthermore, after the graft of a somite, a period of incubation corresponding to the individualization of a new somite in the host embryo produces an appreciable activation of Pax6. Conversely, Pax6expression is delayed under conditions where somitogenesis is retarded, i.e., when the rostral part of the presomitic mesoderm is replaced by the same tissue isolated more caudally. Finally, Pax6 transcripts disappear from the neural tube when a somite is replaced by presomitic mesoderm, suggesting that the somite is also involved in the maintenance of Pax6 expression in the developing spinal cord. All together these observations lead to the proposal that Pax6 activation is triggered by the paraxial mesoderm in phase with somitogenesis in the cervical spinal cord.
Comparative Study on Kriging Surrogate Models for Metaheuristic Optimization of Multidimensional Electromagnetic Problems

This paper presents a comparative study on different surrogate models for an application to multidimensional optimal design of electromagnetic devices. The surrogate model is combined with a heuristic optimization algorithm, which usually requires a lot of objective function calls. For this, various Kriging surrogate models, including dynamic Kriging (DK) and multiquadric radial basis function with optimal shape parameter, are investigated and discussed. In the DK surrogate model, the optimal combination of the basis functions is obtained using an improved binary particle swarm optimization algorithm.
Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium.

An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. Cells of the orange-pigmented colony were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods. The isolate was strictly aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Strain BV-35T displayed a peptidoglycan similar to type A4α, l-Lys-l-Glu (A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info) but containing additionally 4-aminobutyric acid. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness between BV-35T and N. populi was 46.7 %. The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T).
GT-SGD: A Novel Gradient Synchronization Algorithm in Training Distributed Recurrent Neural Network Language Models

The emergence of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) has resulted in the state-of-the-art efficiency and performance in many fields including language modeling, machine translation and speech recognition. RNNs are difficult to apply distributed training because of the communication bottleneck problem, which is caused by the large number of trainable weights. In this paper, a Gradient Truncated Stochastic Gradient Descent (GT-SGD) algorithm is proposed for distributed RNN training. This algorithm can aggressively reduce the communication workload across compute nodes, by truncating gradients that are below a certain threshold. We implement the GT-SGD algorithm on a cluster with multiple Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) for training a large-scale language modeling task. Experimental results demonstrate that the GT-SGD algorithm significantly improves the training efficiency with no performance loss in the obtained RNN model.
Stochastic Uncertainty Quantification of Eddy Currents in the Human Body by Polynomial Chaos Decomposition

The finite element method can be used to compute the electromagnetic fields induced in the human body by environmental extremely low frequency (ELF) fields. However, the electric properties of tissues are not precisely known and may vary depending on the individual, his/her age and other physiological parameters. In this paper, we account for the uncertainties on the conductivities of the brain tissues and spread them out to the induced fields by means of a nonintrusive approach based on Hermite polynomial chaos, with the finite element method as a black box. After showing the convergence of the method, we compute the probability to be over the thresholds defined by the international guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields published by ICNIRP.