Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal inertia of direct current arcs at different contact material

In recent years direct current systems have been gaining in importance. Associated therewith direct current electric arcs have been increasingly taken into consideration of research. Thereby one major objective is to improve the modeling of the static and dynamic arc characteristics to simulate its terminal behavior within an electric circuit. These so called black box models require estimated values of the two basic input parameters, "time constant" and cooling power, for every specific arc arrangement. Under simplifying assumptions this so called "time constant" represents the thermal inertia of the arc column. In this paper experimentally determined values of "time constants" are presented dependent on different contact material for a maximum arc length of 10 millimeters. The used experimental circuit was fed by a 230 volts battery system and the maximum current was limited to 12 amperes.
Testis-enriched Asb12 is not required for spermatogenesis and fertility in mice

Background Members of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box (Asb) family are expressed abundantly in testes. Some Asb genes/proteins are required for spermatogenesis, but the function of Asb12 during spermatogenesis is not clear. We investigated the physiological role of Asb12 in murine testes. Methods The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 system was used to generate Asb12-knockout (KO) mice. Histology and immunostaining were done to assess the effects of Asb12 KO on mouse testes and epididymides. Semen quality was analyzed using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick-end labeling assay was employed to examine testicular apoptosis. Real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to calculate gene transcription levels. Results Asb12 was expressed predominantly in murine testes. Immunostaining of Asb12 protein revealed that Asb12 was located specifically in the acrosome of elongated spermatids, which suggested a potential role of Asb12 during spermatogenesis. However, Asb12-KO mice had normal fertility, and no overt difference was detected in testicular morphology, semen quality, or apoptosis when comparing Asb12-KO and Asb12-wild type (WT) mice. Gene expression of several Asb family members was increased significantly in the testes of Asb12-KO mice when compared with that in Asb12-WT mice, which suggested functional compensation from paralogs for Asb12 loss. Conclusions We demonstrated that Asb12 is not essential for the spermatogenesis and fertility of mice. Our findings will assist researchers in avoiding redundant efforts, and provide a baseline resource for genetic studies on human fertility.
Integration and characterization of a control and signal processing system for a SERF magnetometer array

Interest in the development of ultrasensitive magnetometers is driven by applications in a variety of areas, including magnetoencephalography (MEG), magnetic anomaly detection (MAD), dynamic measurements of geomagnetic fields, and MRI signal detection. While numerous architectures are being pursued in the development of high sensitivity magnetometers, optical atomic magnetometers are of substantial interest due to their small size and promising performance characteristics. In particular, spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) magnetometers have demonstrated ultimate flux density measurement sensitivities of 10-" Tesla/Hz"', with projected fundamental sensitivity limits orders of magnitude lower. In this thesis, I describe the development and characterization of an integrated control and signal processing system for an array of SERF magnetometers. In particular, I address the integration and control of optical, magnetic, and electronic subsystems required for operation of an array of 64 independent SERF magnetometers. Additionally, I detail a testing regimen to verify proper operation of each subsystem and characterize the performance of a single SERF magnetometer operated by our integrated control and signal processing system. Technical Supervisor: Joe Kinast Title: Technical Staff, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Thesis Advisor: David L. Trumper Title: Professor of Mechanical Engineering [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
Nucleation mechanism of iron in an external magnetic field

a. Physics Department, International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China b. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China c. Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China d. Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
ASSESSMENT OF MULTISCALE MODELS FOR LES: SPECTRAL BEHAVIOUR IN VERY HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER TURBULENCE AND CASES WITH AIRCRAFT WAKE VORTICES.

The aim of this study is to compare several subgrid scale (SGS) models in terms of their ability to correctly dissipate energy for LES at high Reynolds number, with a good spectral behavior. We consider first homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT), then more complex flows involving large vortical structures: aircraft wake vortices interacting with turbulence, and aircraft wake vortices interacting with a ground. The performance of the SGS models used is assessed for each of these flows.
Publication Pattern of Patent Policy Research: A Bibliometric Analysis

ABSTRACT This study attempted to analyze and depict works on patent policy based on articles in Web of Science. The first search resulted in 1165 articles, which were filtered based on titles and abstracts, leaving 96 articles for analysis. The analysis was done using VOSviewer, including by-country, by-source, by-organization, by-author, by-document, and by-keyword analyses. The result indicated that the USA was the most productive country in publishing articles. The journal “Research Policy” was found to publish the most articles on patent policy. Regarding organizational affiliation, the majority of authors were affiliated to Academia Sinica Taiwan. Angus C. Chu was the most productive author with the strongest relationship with other authors. Patent policy research is mostly associated with innovation and economic growth and published mostly in Economic, Management, and Public Administration journal categories.
Operational Effectiveness Evaluation of Early Warning System of ATBM Based on TOPSIS

Operational effectiveness evaluation of early warning system of ATBM is the foundation of equipment development and operational application. After the system's combat flow is analyzed,the index system is established based on the system's ability demand. The entropy weight method is used to determine the weights of the indexes. The improved TOPSIS method is used to quantificationally analyze the operational effectiveness of the system. Through the simulation of early warning equipment deployment schemes,the effectiveness of the model and algorithm are proved. Some instructive conclusions are made for the equipment deployment.
Modeling and performance study of heavy trailer towing vehicle based on ADAMS

A dynamic model for heavy trailer towing vehicle was set up in ADAMS in order to verify transient response of the model and compare the performance with or without trailer by means of step-input,pulse steering input and returnability,which result shows that dynamic model for the vehicle can simulate the response of the vehicle very well under different working conditions.While the trailer has little influence on the transient response of the vehicle,however it is greater on lateral acceleration and the yaw-rate which comes to stable after the transient response.Therefore,it is suggested to test the towing vehicle and trailer together in researching the heavy trailer which may provide basis for the research of the heavy trailer.
The Effect of Dietary Polyphenols on Vascular Health and Hypertension: Current Evidence and Mechanisms of Action

The aim of this review was to explore existing evidence from studies conducted on humans and summarize the mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols on vascular health, blood pressure and hypertension. There is evidence that some polyphenol-rich foods, including berry fruits rich in anthocyanins, cocoa and green tea rich in flavan-3-ols, almonds and pistachios rich in hydroxycinnamic acids, and soy products rich in isoflavones, are able to improve blood pressure levels. A variety of mechanisms can elucidate the observed effects. Some limitations of the evidence, including variability of polyphenol content in plant-derived foods and human absorption, difficulty disentangling the effects of polyphenols from other dietary compounds, and discrepancy of doses between animal and human studies should be taken into account. While no single food counteracts hypertension, adopting a plant-based dietary pattern including a variety of polyphenol-rich foods is an advisable practice to improve blood pressure.
Estimating the Clear-Sky Longwave Downward Radiation in the Arctic from FengYun-3D MERSI-2 Data

Surface longwave downward radiation (LWDR) plays a key role in determining the Arctic surface energy budget, especially in insolation-absent boreal winter. A reliable LWDR product is essential for understanding the intrinsic physical mechanisms of the rapid changes in the Arctic climate. The Medium-Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI-2), a major payload of the Chinese second-generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite, FengYun-3D (FY-3D), was designed similar to the NASA Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in terms of the spectral bands. Although significant progress has been made in estimating clear-sky LWDR from MODIS observations using a variety of methods, few studies have focused on the retrieval of clear-sky LWDR from FY-3D MERSI-2 observations. In this study, we propose an advanced method to directly estimate the clear-sky LWDR in the Arctic from the FY-3D MERSI-2 thermal infrared (TIR) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances and auxiliary information using the extremely randomized trees (ERT) machine learning algorithm. The retrieval accuracy of RMSE and bias, validated with the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) in situ measurements, are 14.14 W/m2 and 4.36 W/m2, respectively, which is comparable and even better than previous studies. The scale effect in retrieval accuracy evaluation was further analyzed and showed that the validating window size could significantly influence the retrieval accuracy of the MERSI-2 clear-sky LWDR dataset. After aggregating to a spatial resolution of 9 km, the RMSE and bias of MERSI-2 retrievals can be reduced to 9.43 W/m2 and −0.14 W/m2, respectively. The retrieval accuracy of MERSI-2 clear-sky LWDR at the CERES SSF FOV spatial scale (approximately 20 km) can be further reduced to 8.64 W/m2, which is much higher than the reported accuracy of the CERES SSF products. This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing LWDR datasets from Chinese FY-3D MERSI-2 observations using machine learning methods.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in a large Brazilian urban center

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on the behavior of individuals and the organization of health systems. This study analyzed the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on public hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in a large city in Brazil, Belo Horizonte, MG, with approximately 2.5 million inhabitants. METHODS: In a time-series analysis, this study used administrative data from the national “Hospital Information System” from 2010 to February 2020 to estimate the expected number of hospitalizations for CVD by month during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belo Horizonte in 2020 using the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average model. For CVD, this study compared the expected number of hospital admissions, intensive care use, deaths during hospitalization, and mean length of stay with the observed number during the period. RESULTS: There were 6,517 hospitalizations for CVD from March to December 2020, a decrease of 16.3% (95% CI: 4.7-25.3) compared to the projected. The number of intensive care hospitalizations for CVD fell 24.1% (95% CI 13-32.7). The number of deaths also decreased (17.4% [80% CI: 0 - 0.30]), along with the reduction in hospitalizations, as did the length of stay for CVD hospitalizations. These reductions, however, were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalizations for CVD were 16.3% lower than expected in a large Brazilian city, possibly due to the fear of getting infected or going to hospitals. Public campaigns informing how to proceed in case of CVD show that prompt urgent attention is essential to mitigate the indirect effects of the pandemic on CVD.
The Experience of Miners Relocated to Alternative Positions due to Silicosis

The objetico the study was to understand the experiences of relocation of workers diagnosed with silicosis Mining Division Andina, Codelco Chile. Case studies of five workers was conducted . The data analysis was to the theoretical contributions of phenomenology. The analysis of this study was carried out with the operationally Atlas software . Ti version 6.0. Workers recounted in his speech “a waste of your role in your work and skills to know they were sick and would be relocated . ” “Keep in mind the risk of lung disease related to their work and are not associated with the use of personal protective equipment even though the company gives them the breathing mask“. It is recommended redistribution must precede avoid changes in their lifestyles that influence aspects of work , family, social , this is all quality of
Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Attack Rates in Aged Care—A Meta-analysis

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality in aged-care facilities worldwide. The attention of infection control in aged care needs to shift towards the built environment, especially in relation to using the existing space to allow social distancing and isolation. Physical infrastructure of aged care facilities has been shown to present challenges to the implementation of isolation procedures. To explore the relationship of the physical layout of aged care facilities with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) attack rates among residents, a meta-analysis was conducted. Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P), studies were identified from 5 databases using a registered search strategy with PROSPERO. Meta-analysis for pooled attack rates of SARS-CoV-2 in residents and staff was conducted, with subgroup analysis for physical layout variables such as total number of beds, single rooms, number of floors, number of buildings in the facility, and staff per 100 beds. Results We included 41 articles across 11 countries, reporting on 90 657 residents and 6521 staff in 757 facilities. The overall pooled attack rate was 42.0% among residents (95% CI, 38.0%–47.0%) and 21.7% in staff (95% CI, 15.0%–28.4%). Attack rates in residents were significantly higher in single-site facilities with standalone buildings than facilities with smaller, detached buildings. Staff-to-bed ratio significantly explains some of the heterogeneity of the attack rate between studies. Conclusions The design of aged care facilities should be smaller in size, with adequate space for social distancing.
In silico transcriptomics identifies FDA-approved drugs and biological pathways for protection against cisplatin-induced hearing loss

Acquired hearing loss is a major health problem that affects 5-10% of the world population. However, there are no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment or prevention of hearing loss. Employing the Connectivity Map (CMap) that contains >54,000 compounds, we performed an unbiased in silico screen using the transcriptomic profiles of cisplatin-resistant and -sensitive cancer cell lines. Pathway enrichment analysis identified gene-drug targets for which 30 candidate drugs were selected with potential to confer protection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. In parallel, transcriptomic analysis of a cisplatin-treated cochlear-derived cell line identified common enriched pathway targets. We subsequently tested these top 30 candidate compounds, 15 (50%) of which are FDA-approved for other indications, and 26 (87%) of which were validated for their protective effects in either a cochlear-derived cell line or zebrafish lateral line neuromasts, thus confirming our in silico transcriptomic approach. Among these top compounds, niclosamide, a salicyanilide drug approved by the FDA for treating tapeworm infections for decades, protected from cisplatin- and noise-induced hearing loss in mice. Finally, niclosamide and ezetimibe (an Nrf2 agonist) exerted synergistic protection against cisplatin-ototoxicity in zebrafish, validating the Nrf2 pathway as part of niclosamide’s mechanism of action. Taken together, employing the CMap, we identified multiple pathways and drugs against cisplatin ototoxicity and confirmed that niclosamide can effectively be repurposed as an otoprotectant for future clinical trials against cisplatin- and noise-induced hearing loss. Significant Statement Employing the Connectivity Map as our in silico transcriptomic screening strategy we identified FDA-approved drugs and biological pathways for protection against cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
Teacher–student relationship and adolescents’ bullying perpetration: A moderated mediation model of deviant peer affiliation and peer pressure

Although teacher–student relationship has been shown to be associated with bullying perpetration, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. The present study investigated (a) the mediating effect of deviant peer affiliation in the relationship between teacher–student relationship and bullying perpetration and (b) the moderating effect of peer pressure in the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and bullying perpetration. Our theoretical model was examined with 2407 Chinese adolescents. Participants completed questionnaires regarding teacher–student relationship, bullying, deviant peer affiliation, and peer pressure. After controlling for gender and age, teacher–student relationship was significantly negatively associated with bullying perpetration. Mediation analysis indicated that deviant peer affiliation partially mediated the relation between teacher–student relationship and bullying perpetration. Moderated mediation analysis further revealed that the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and bullying perpetration was moderated by peer pressure. Specifically, for adolescents with high peer pressure, the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and bullying perpetration became much stronger. These results can contribute to design effective interventions aimed at preventing and reducing adolescents’ bullying perpetration.
Acceptance, Confidence, and Time: Exploring Dynamics of Middle and Secondary Science Teacher Autonomy in Teaching Evolution in the Southeastern United States

Evolution education represents the greatest challenge to scientific literacy in the United States. Long accepted as the foundational concept of biology, in the public realm evolution elicits controversy. The Southeastern United States is a breeding ground for this, and other, anti-science thinking that has far-reaching implications as seen during the 2020 pandemic and anti-science legislation from the region. One approach to close gaps in understanding evolution is to ensure that it is taught in schools in a way that is robust and accurate, as teachers are the front lines in the fight for scientific literacy. For that to happen, teachers must overcome their own barriers and concerns about teaching this so-called “controversial” topic. This quantitative study found that despite experience, certification, confidence in teaching evolution, and high levels of acceptance, teachers spent minimal time (less than three days) teaching evolution but there are factors that impact time and confidence that can be used to combat the problem. Identifying these fundamental interactions builds a starting point for targeted preparation and support to ensure that teachers have the tools, confidence, and content needed to teach evolution adequately.
Dynamics of Human Serum Transferrin in Varying Physicochemical Conditions Explored by Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Conformational stability of human serum transferrin (Tf) at varying pH, salt, and excipient concentrations were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the results are compared with previously published small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. SAXS study showed that at pH 5, Tf is predominantly present in partially open (PO) form, and the factions of PO differ based on the physicochemical condition and drifts towards closed form (HO) as the pH increases. Tf is a bilobal glycoprotein that is composed of homologous halves termed as N-lobe and C-lobe. The current study shows that the protonation of Y188 and K206 at pH 5 is the primary conformational drive into PO, which shifts towards the closed (HO) conformer as the pH increases. Furthermore, at pH 6.5, PO is unfavorable due to negative charge-charge repulsion at the N/C-lobe interface linker region causing increased hinge distance when compared to HO, which has favorable attractive electrostatics. Subsequently, the effect of salt concentration at 70 and 140 mM NaCl was studied. At 70 mM NaCl and pH 5, chloride ions bind strongly in the N-lobe iron-binding site, whereas these interactions are weak at pH 6.5. With increasing salt concentration at pH 5, regions surrounding the N-lobe iron-binding site are saturated and as a consequence sodium and chloride ions accumulate into the bulk. Additionally, protein-excipient interactions were investigated. At pH 5, excipients interact in similar loop regions, E89-T93, D416-D420, located in the C-lobe and N-lobe of the HO conformer, respectively. It is anticipated that interactions of additives in these two loop regions cause conformational changes that lead to iron coordinating residues in the N-lobe to drift away from iron and thus drive HO to PO conversion. Furthermore, at pH 6.5 and 140 mM histidine or phosphate, these interactions are negligible leading to the stabilization of HO.