Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of (+)-HA-966 and 7-chlorokynurenic acid on the kinetics of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist responses in rat cultured cortical neurons.

It has been suggested that one of the effects of glycine at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex is to reduce the amount of apparent receptor desensitization. Thus, blockade with a glycine site antagonist results in NMDA responses that show an increased amount of fade. In agreement with this, we found that antagonism of NMDA-evoked whole-cell currents by 7-chlorokynurenic acid (7-Cl-KYNA) indeed resulted in NMDA responses that displayed an increased amount of fade. However, those responses that were antagonized by (+)-HA-966 showed the opposite, i.e., less tendency to fade. On examination of these responses, it appeared that those produced in the presence of (+)-HA-966 were slower in onset and faster in offset than control responses recorded in the presence of glycine alone. Kinetic analysis of the on- and off-rates of NMDA- and glutamate-evoked NMDA receptor-mediated responses revealed that these were markedly affected by (+)-HA-966 but only slightly by 7-Cl-KYNA. The decrease of the glutamate response decay time constant and the increase of the response rise time constant produced by (+)-HA-966 indicated that it reduced the affinity of glutamate for its recognition site on the NMDA receptor by 5-fold. These results suggest that binding of (+)-HA-966 to the glycine site on the NMDA receptor complex produces an allosteric reduction in the affinity of agonists for the glutamate recognition site, whereas 7-Cl-KYNA has relatively little effect and, thus, acts more as a pure antagonist at the glycine site.
Are Sexes Affected Differently by Ketamine? An Exploratory Study in Ketamine Users

One hundred primary ketamine users and 100 controls were recruited in Hong Kong between December 2009 and December 2011. Cognitive assessment included general intelligence, working, verbal, and visual memory, and executive functions. A Univariate General Linear Model was used to compare cognitive performance between the male and female ketamine users and controls. The female users appeared to have a higher risk of visual memory impairment than their male counterparts. Further studies are warranted to clarify the mechanism of the sex-specific effect of ketamine on cognitive functions.
Synthesis and Activity of Carbazole Derivatives Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Infecting one-third of the world’s inhabitants, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is deemed a serious public health concern. Failure to follow the current regimen along with the HIV pandemic have led to the emergence of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains. The pursuit of more efficacious drugs and prophylaxis is warranted. Findings of some naturally occurring carbazole alkaloids (Figure 1), exhibiting antituberculosis activity, have prompted us to explore further carbazole derivatives for structure–activity relationships. Clausine K or clauszoline J, a natural product isolated independently from several sources, was found to have weak antituberculosis activity (MIC of 100 mgmL 1 against the H37Ra strain). Ma et al. isolated micromeline from the stem bark of Micromelum hirsutum along with some known carbazole alkaloids, and found the MIC to be 31.5 mgmL 1 against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (selectivity index >3). [8] Based on these findings, we screened a series of carbazole alkaloids and derivatives for their in vitro anti-TB activity to find out whether the carbazole framework represents a novel antituberculosis scaffold. The intention of the present study was to identify potent anti-TB active carbazoles and to establish preliminary structure–activity relationships (SAR). Compounds 4a–i were purchased from Sigma Aldrich; 4 j–v and 8–15 were prepared using either the iron-mediated or the palladium-catalyzed approach previously developed by our group (Schemes 1 and 2, Table 1). An electrophilic aromatic substitution of the tricarbonyliron-cyclohexadienylium salts 1 and the arylamines 2 affords functionalized tricarbonyliron complexes 3. The oxidative cyclization of the tricarbonyliron complexes 3 furnishes substituted carbazole derivatives 4. In another approach, the palladium(0)-catalyzed amination of aryl
Strategies for diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic tracheal ruptures.

BACKGROUND Management of tracheal ruptures in critically ill patients is challenging. Conservative treatment has been described, but in mechanically ventilated patients with distal tracheal ruptures surgical repair might be inevitable. Strategies for diagnosis and treatment of tracheal ruptures and handling of mechanical ventilation remain to be clarified. Our aim was to comprise a structured diagnostic and treatment protocol for patients suspicious of tracheal injury, including detailed principles of mechanical ventilation and specific indications for conservative or surgical treatment. METHODS Patients with tracheal ruptures were compared in accordance to the need of mechanical ventilation and to indication for surgical repair. In patients suffering from tracheal ruptures affecting the whole tracheal wall and with protrusion of mediastinal structures into the lumen surgery was indicated. We compared ventilatory, hemodynamic and clinical parameters between the different patient groups. We report our structured approach in diagnostics and treatment of tracheal ruptures and place special emphasis on respiratory management. RESULTS Seventeen patients with tracheal rupture were identified. In 8 patients surgical repair was performed 1.8±1.5 days after diagnosis. Previous to surgery, ventilation parameters improved significantly: plateau pressure decreased, percentage of assisted spontaneous breathing increased and compliance improved. Conservative treatment was successful in long-term ventilated patients (13.7±8 days) even when suffering from distal lesions. CONCLUSION Invasiveness of mechanical ventilation and obstruction of tracheal lumen might indicate conservative or surgical treatment strategies in long-term ventilated patients suffering from iatrogenic tracheal rupture. Indications for surgical repair remain to be further clarified.
AMPA receptor subunits are differentially expressed in parvalbumin‐ and calretinin‐positive neurons of the rat hippocampus

Recent studies suggest a functional diversity of native α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionate‐type glutamate receptor channels (AMPARs). In several types of interneurons, AMPARs are characterized by higher Ca2+ permeability and faster kinetics than AMPARs in principal cells. We studied the expression profile of AMPAR subunits in the hippocampal parvalbumin (PV)‐ and calretinin (CR)‐positive cells, which represent different populations of non‐principal cells. To this end, non‐radioactive in situ hybridization with AMPAR subunit specific cRNAs was combined with immunocytochemistry for PV or CR. Double‐immunolabelling using antibodies against AMPAR subunits and PV or CR was also performed. PV‐containing neurons represent a fairly homogeneous population of cells expressing high levels of GluR‐A and GluR‐D mRNAs, moderate levels of GluR‐C and low levels of GluR‐B mRNAs in all the examined regions of hippocampus. The vast majority of CR‐containing cells have a much lower expression of GluR‐A, ‐C and ‐D mRNA than PV‐positive neurons, although similarly featuring low levels of GluR‐B mRNA. Only a subpopulation of CR‐containing cells, the spiny neurons of the dentate gyrus and CA3 region of the hippocampus were characterized by a strong expression of GluR‐A and ‐D subunit mRNAs. The differential pattern found for the AMPAR subunit mRNA expression was confirmed by immunocytochemistry at protein level. Despite the common feature of low GluR‐B subunit expression, PV‐ and CR‐containing interneurons differ with respect to the density and combination of their expressed AMPAR subunits. The different combination of subunits might subserve different properties of the AMPA channels featured by these cell types, with implications for the functioning of the hippocampal network.
Value of Intraoperative EEG Changes During Corpus Callosotomy in Predicting Surgical Results

Summary: The intraoperative transformation of generalized epileptiform discharges (GED) to lateralized epileptiform activity during the course of corpus callosum sectioning for intractable epilepsy in 37 patients was correlated with percentage of decrease in atonic‐tonic seizures with “drops” at mean follow‐up of 26 months (range 12– 86 months). Twenty‐seven (73%) patients had intraoperative interictal discharges, and 21 (78%) showed varying degrees of lateralization of GED during corpus callosum sectioning (two thirds to total). All patients experienced >80% reduction in atonic‐tonic seizures with drops. The group (n = 7) with largest decrease in GED had the greatest decrease in seizures (95.5%). Six patients without change in GED had 88% decrease in seizures, as did 14 patients (85–86%) with mild or moderate decreases in GED, but there was no statistically significant correlation between decrease in GED and seizure frequency after operation. Thus, although lateralization of GED after corpus callosum sectioning was evident in 78% of patients with GED, the degree of lateralization of GED did not correlate with degree of reduction of tonic‐atonic seizures. Therefore, intraoperative surface EEG monitoring does not appear to be helpful at this time as a guide to extent of callosotomy.
Multislice CT Fluoroscopy-assisted Cervical Transforaminal Injection of Steroids: Technical Note

Study Design A prospective study of 19 consecutive patients who underwent multislice computed tomography (CT)-guided cervical transforaminal steroid injection. Objective To evaluate the feasibility and the outcome of cervical transforaminal steroid injection guided by multislice CT fluoroscopy. Summary of Background Data Cervical transforaminal steroid injection has been accepted as an effective therapeutic modality for radiculopathy that results from a cervical herniated disc or stenosis. However, there has been debate on the safety of the transforaminal approach technique, with C-arm fluoroscopy guidance, compared with the posterior interlaminar approach. We present an advanced approach technique for cervical transforaminal steroid injection guided by multislice CT fluoroscopy and the clinical outcomes. Methods Nineteen consecutive patients presenting with radiating pain to the shoulder or arm had CT or magnetic resonance image scan findings compatible with cervical herniated disc or foraminal stenosis and were recruited to participate in this study. They underwent cervical transforaminal steroid injection using multislice CT fluoroscopy guidance up to 3 times with a minimal interval of 2 weeks. The participants were evaluated for the safety and efficacy of this technique for a follow-up period of 16 weeks. Results No serious complications were found during and after the procedures. Eleven patients received a second steroid injection but none required a third injection over the 16-week follow-up period. The mean visual analog scale score improved significantly at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks (P<0.001). Conclusions The multislice CT fluoroscopy-guided approach is feasible and a safe and effective approach for cervical transforaminal steroid injection. With the advantages of safety for the patient and precise placement of the needle for injection, this technique might be an additional option and may eventually replace the conventional C-arm fluoroscopy-guided cervical transforaminal steroid injection technique.
Secondary structure of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 rex-responsive element is essential for rex regulation of RNA processing and transport of unspliced RNAs

Rex protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces cytoplasmic expression of unspliced gag/pol mRNA and singly spliced env mRNA and thus is essential for replication of the virus. This regulation requires a cis-acting rex-responsive element (RXE), located in the 3' region of the viral RNA. By external deletion, we have identified RXE composed of 205 nucleotides. The secondary structure of RXE was confirmed by studies on its susceptibility to nuclease digestions to consist of four stem-loops and a long stretch of stem structure. Substitution and deletion mutations revealed that two regions of the stem-loops and their secondary structures are essential for rex regulation. Similar secondary structures were found in the corresponding regions of HTLV-2, bovine leukemia virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Furthermore, a sequence of 11 nucleotides in the RXE was found to be conserved in the secondary structures of HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and bovine leukemia virus. These observations suggest that the secondary structure as well as the conserved sequence may be important in expression of unspliced RNA even with diverged sequences as observed in these viruses.
PRAM cell technology and characterization in 20nm node size

We reported characteristics of 20nm PRAM cell. Optimization of diode integration process and improved implantation technology were used to satisfy the required diode on-current (Ion) with low off-current (Ioff). Confined cell structure and novel bottom electrode (BE) materials were developed to reduce a reset current (Ireset) below 100uA. Using the advanced technologies, we successfully produced fully integrated 20nm node size PRAM device for the first time.
Topic based IoT data storage framework for heterogeneous sensor data

Massive volume and heterogeneous data are the challenges in IoT data storage. A properly designed IoT middleware is required to handle the issues. This paper presents a framework consists of Internet Gateway Device (IGD) function, a Web service, NoSQL database, and IoT Application. The framework efficiently handles the structured and unstructured of sensors data. To verify the framework, we evaluated it using functional and non-functional testing. From the functional testing, this framework can deliver and store data with heterogeneous data and volume. From the non-functional testing, this framework can receive 443 data per second from an IGD, can deliver 173 data per second to IoT Apps, and response times are acceptable which is under 1 seconds.
Predictors of the Self-Reported Likelihood of Seeking Social Worker Help among People with Physical Disabilities

ABSTRACT The current study assesses the association between demographic factors, attitudes toward social workers, the stigma attached to seeking social worker help, perceived social support, and psychological distress—and the self-reported likelihood of seeking social worker help, among people with physical disabilities in Israel. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires, administered to a sample of 435 people with physical disabilities. The findings suggest that women, older respondents, people with more positive attitudes toward social workers, with higher levels of psychological distress and of social support, and with a lower level of stigma, reported a greater likelihood of seeking social workers help. The study’s conclusion is that there are certain avoidance factors among people with physical disabilities that might discourage them from seeking social workers’ help. Therefore, it is important that social workers identify these factors and develop interventions aimed at encouraging people with physical disabilities to seek social workers help in case of need, and also develop practices adjusted to the unique needs of people with physical disabilities.
[A protein array based on quantum dots (QDs) encoded microbeads for detection of hepatitis C virus].

OBJECTIVE To establish a hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnostic assay using a protein array based on the quantum dots (QDs) encoded microbeads. METHOD Using QDs encoded microbeads array and immunofluorescence techniques, the highly purified HCV NS3, NS4, NS5 and Core protein were respectively immobilized on the surface of encoded beads, which were used for the detection of anti-HCV antibody in serum. To evaluate the microbeads protein array, 120 HCV positive and 50 HCV negative samples were tested, and compared with recombinant immunoblot assay(RIBA) results as golden standard. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy value were calculated. RESULTS Compared 120 positive samples detected with RIBA, the sensitivity of microbeads array is 97.50% (117/120), the specificity is 96.0% (48/50), and accuracy is 97. 06% [(117 + 48)/(120 + 50)], The sensitivity of microbeads protein array is similar with RIBA methods. In the 120 positive samples tested with protein array, the positive rate of anti-HCV Core is 92. 50% (111/120) , the positive rate of anti-HCV NS3 is 89. 17% (107/120), the positive rate of anti-HCV NS4 is 70. 83% (85/120), the positive rate of anti-HCV NS5 is 52.50% (63/120).
Multichannel light detectors and their use for CARS spectroscopy.

A broadband CARS system designed to measure flame temperature from hot nitrogen CARS spectra is described, and a source of temperature error is identified and attributed to nonlinear behavior of the optical multichannel diode array detector. Detector sensitivity, linearity, uniformity, and noise are discussed. Data are presented for the Tracor-Northern TN-1223-4GI and TN-6132 detectors. It is shown that the nonlinearity observed with CARS signals is a function of radiation density at the detector input plane. This nonlinearity is associated with saturation in the microchannel plate intensifier and should be observable with short duration high intensity light pulses other than CARS, and with intensified detectors (both diode array and vidicon) other than the Tracor-Northern. The nonlinearity observed with the TN-1223-4GI detector can be eliminated by reducing the radiation density. At maximum sensitivity the detector shot noise contributes a significant component to the shot-to-shot variation of the spectral profile of the CARS signal.
Mexican American Family Survival, Continuity, and Growth: The Parental Perspective

An ethnographic study using Roy’s adaptation model was conducted among 23 Mexican American families in Hidalgo County, Texas, from 1994 to 1998. The purpose was to characterize the family goals of survival, continuity, and growth from the parental perspective during early family formation. Parents affirmed that being healthy, being a united couple, having supportive parents, having a steady job, and having civic harmony were essential characteristics of family survival. Family continuity was characterized by mothers doing tasks inside the house, fathers doing tasks outside the house, and both parents performing toddler and early childhood tasks. Family growth was characterized by having shared communication, growing in togetherness, planning ahead, exerting joint effort, and helping the child become part of the family.
Colocalization of U1 and U2 small nuclear RNPs by immunocytochemistry

The in situ localization of U1 and U2 snRNPs was examined, using autoantibodies directed against each of these snRNPs, by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. This study has shown U1 and U2 snRNPs to colocalize in the nuclei of PtK2 cells. Thirty to fifty immunostained clusters were observed per interphase nucleus. This study suggests these nuclear protein clusters to be the sites of RNA processing.
KELİME TEKRAR TEKNİĞİNİN AKICI OKUMA BECERİLERİNİ GELİŞTİRMEYE ETKİSİ

Bu calismada ilkogretim 8. siniftan arastirmanin amacina uygun olarak secilen bir ogrencinin sesli okuma hatalarini duzeltmede, okudugunu anlama becerilerini gelistirmede ve akici okumayi saglamada kelime tekrar tekniginin etkisi incelenmistir. Arastirma, Ankara (Mamak ilcesi) Gulveren Ilkogretim Okulu 8. sinif ogrencisi uzerinde 2004-2005 bahar yari yili ogretim doneminde yapilmistir. Arastirmanin amacina uygun olarak secilen ogrenciye, Turkce ders kitabindan duzeyine uygun olarak secilen metinler okutulmus, ogrencinin okumasi ses kayit cihazina kaydedilmis ve okutulan metin ile ilgili 6 tane okudugunu anlama sorusu sorulmustur. Ogrencinin okuma hatalari ve okudugunu anlama duzeyi hata analizi envanterine gore belirlenmistir. Uygulama oncesi yapilan degerlendirme sonucunda ogrencinin okuma seviyesinin 5. sinif endise duzeyinde oldugu tespit edilmistir. Kelime tekrar teknigi ile sunulan 2.5 aylik bir ogretimin sonunda ogrencinin okuma duzeyinin 5. sinif seviyesinde bagimsiz duzeye, 6 ve 7. sinif seviyesinde ise ogretim duzeyine ciktigi, okuma hatalarinda onemli derecede azalma oldugu ve akici okuma becerilerinin gelistigi gorulmustur.
How to submit MS proteomics data to ProteomeXchange via the PRIDE database

The ProteomeXchange (PX) consortium has been established to standardize and facilitate submission and dissemination of MS‐based proteomics data in the public domain. In the consortium, the PRIDE database at the European Bioinformatics Institute, acts as the initial submission point of MS/MS data sets. In this manuscript, we explain step by step the submission process of MS/MS data sets to PX via PRIDE. We describe in detail the two available workflows: ‘complete’ and ‘partial’ submissions, together with the available tools to streamline the process. Throughout the manuscript, we will use one example data set containing identification and quantification data, which has been deposited in PRIDE/ProteomeXchange with the accession number PXD000764 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000764).
In vitro prevention of cell‐mediated xeno‐graft rejection via the Fas/FasL‐pathway in CrmA‐transducted porcine kidney cells

Abstract: Cell‐mediated cytotoxicity may be involved in delayed and/or chronic xenograft rejection in which apoptosis is induced in the grafted cells via the Fas/Fas‐ligand (FasL) and perforin/granzyme pathways. One barrier to the potential use of xeonogenic grafts for humans may be Fas/FasL‐mediated apoptosis, which would be blocked by the gene expression of cytokine response modifier A (CrmA), a cowpox virus gene product. The purpose of this study is to explore whether crmA is an effective candidate gene for inhibiting apoptosis in an in vitro model of xenograft rejection, using Fas‐expressing non‐primate cells cultured with a soluble recombinant human FasL (sFasL). A recombinant adenovirus vector expressing CrmA (AxCALNLCrmA) was successfully generated with a Cre‐mediated switching system. PK15 cells, derived from a porcine kidney and infected with AxCALNLCrmA and/or AxCANCre at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) ranging from 0.1 to 100, were cultured with human sFasL derived from KFL74.18, a human FasL‐overexpressed cell line. The gene‐expression level of the PK15 cells was confirmed by CrmA‐immune staining. Approximately 70% of the control PK15 cells showed induced apoptosis when cultured with sFasL. In contrast, the apoptosis was dramatically reduced in crmA‐gene‐transduced PK15 cells. The inhibitory effect of apoptosis increased with an increase in the infection dose of AxCANCre. In addition, the activity of caspases 3 and 8 was significantly inhibited in the crmA‐transduced cells. These results indicate that CrmA is an effective gene product for inhibiting Fas/FasL‐mediated apoptosis, which suggests the potential therapeutic use of its gene transduction to protect against graft damage due to delayed and/or chronic xenograft rejection.