Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An improved stator flux estimation for speed sensorless stator flux orientation control of induction motors

This paper proposes a programmable low pass filter (LPF) to estimate stator flux for speed sensorless stator flux orientation control of induction motors. The programmable LPF is developed to solve the DC drift problem associated with a pure integrator and an analog LPF with fixed pole. The pole of the programmable LPF is located far from the origin in order to decrease the time constant as speed increases. The programmable LPF has the phase and the magnitude compensator to exactly estimate stator flux in a wide speed range. So, the drift problem is much improved and the stator flux is exactly estimated in the wide speed range. The validity of the proposed programmable LPF is verified by speed sensorless vector control of a 2.2 kW three-phase induction motor.
An Innovative Window Heat Recovery (WHR) System with Heat Pipe Technology: Analytical, CFD, Experimental Analysis and Building Retrofit Performance

This paper addresses the numerical and experimental performance analysis of a windows heat recovery system made of heat pipes. For modelling, the heat pipe is considered as a pseudo solid material with high value of effective thermal conductivity. An experimental investigation using a window heat recovery prototype was carried out to predict the value of effective thermal conductivity of the heat pipes and to validate the numerical model. After validation, a parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the performance of the recovery system for different working conditions (mass flow rate and temperature difference between exhausted and supplied air). Based on the performance obtained in the parametric analysis, energy performance in building and the impact on velocity and pressure distributions are also evaluated with the support of CFD analysis. It is found that the effectiveness of window heat recovery made of heat pipes depends on ventilation rate and temperature difference between Revised manuscript without track changes
Power Systems Development Facility: High Temperature, High Pressure Filter System Operations in a Combustion Gas

The Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) is a Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored engineering scale demonstration of two advanced coal-fired power systems. Particulate cleanup is achieved by several High Temperature, High Pressure (HTHP) gas filtration systems. The PSDF was designed at sufficient scale so that advanced power systems and components could be tested in an integrated fashion to provide confidence and data for commercial scale-up. This paper provides an operations summary of a Siemens-Westinghouse Particulate Control Device (PCD) filtering combustion gas from a Kellogg, Brown, and Root (KBR) transport reactor located at the PSDF. The transport reactor is an advanced circulating fluidized bed reactor designed to operate as either a combustor or a gasifier, Particulate cleanup is achieved by using one of two PCDs, located downstream of the transport reactor. As of the end of 1998, the transport reactor has operated on coal as a combustor for over 3500 h. To date, filter elements from 3M, Blasch, Coors, Allied Signal (DuPont), IF&P, McDermott, Pall, Schumacher, and Specific Surface have been tested up to 1400 °F in the Siemens-Westinghouse PCD. The PSDF has a unique capability for the collection of samples of suspended dust entering and exiting the PCD with Southern Research Institute's (SRI) in-situ particulate sampling systems. These systems have operated successfully and have proven to be invaluable assets, Isokinetic samples using a batch sampler, a cascade impactor and a cyclone manifold have provided valuable data to support the operation of the transport reactor and the PCD. Southern Research Institute has also supported the PSDF by conducting filter element material testing.
Modeling of steering system of high speed intelligent vehicle by system identification

Because of the complexity of the modern industrial plant, it is difficult to get the proper mathematical model of the system by using the traditional methods. This makes it difficult in designing the best system controller. According to the control circumstance, the characteristics of control plant and the control aim, choosing the proper system identification algorithm is often a good measure to resolve this kind of problem. In this paper, we choose a generalized least squares algorithm as a system identification algorithm and get the differential equation model of the autonomous navigating intelligent vehicle system (ANIVS). Using this model in the experiment, we resolve the problem of the modeling and control of the steering system of ANIVS satisfactorily.
Efficiency Analysis of Drive-train for an Electrified Vehicle

In this PhD thesis, various solutions to improve the energy efficiency in the electrical drive-train of an electrified vehicle such as modifications of the propulsion inverter or control of the electric machine, are proposed and their benefits are quantified from an energy efficiency point of view. The efficiency analysis is based on modeling of a power electronics inverter, an electric machine and a battery in various drive cycles for an electrified vehicle. Several solutions are studied for the propulsion inverter. It is shown that by replacing a Silicon pn freewheeling diode in the propulsion inverter with a Silicon Carbide (SiC) diode, an average of up to 1.5 % improvement in the drive cycle efficiency can be expected. Furthermore, by replacing the Silicon IGBTs in the inverter with SiC MOSFETs, the drive cycle efficiency in NEDC can be increased between 2 to 5 percent. Several solutions to improve the efficiency in a PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine) are investigated. An improved MTPA (Maximum Torque per Ampere) is implemented accounting for the variable nature of the machine parameters due to saturation and temperature. Moreover, the iron losses are accounted for in the derivations of an appropriate maximum torque per ampere angle. It is shown that the low-speed and standstill torque characteristics of a selected PMSM with high current density can be improved by 7 % when using a proposed MTPA algorithm instead of an ordinary MTPA algorithm where the equivalent circuit parameters of the PMSM are updated online outside the optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the efficiency can also be improved up to 5 % at the low-speed and high-torque operating region. However, the overall energy efficiency improvement for a certain drive cycle is not significant and can be up to 0.2 %. Finally a controllable dc-link voltage for the propulsion inverter is investigated in order to quantify the energy efficiency gain for the inverter and the motor. Their drive cycle energy efficiency improvement is up to one percent when using a SiC based inverter and up to 4 percent for an IGBT based inverter.
Assess the impacts of climate change on the patterns of rainfall, temperature, and streamflow in the Abelti Watershed of Southwestern Ethiopia

Changes in rainfall, temperature and streamflow (stf) will be one of the most critical factors determining the overall impact of climate change (CC). Thus, in this study we evaluated rainfall(rf), temperature, and stf pattern under changing climate in the Abelti-Watershed (a sub-watershed of upper Omo Gibe basin), Ethiopia. The Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) under Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa database selected for the near (2011-2040), med (2041-2070), and end (2071-2100) periods. Hydrologic Engineering Centers-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model applied for stf projection. XL-STAT conducts average annual and seasonal rf, minimum and maximum temperature (tmin&tmax), and stf trend tests. Mean seasonal and annual rf and stf variation evaluation taken using the coefficient of variation (CV). Finally, the impact of CC analysis is taken based on the baseline period. The results revealed that the climate model projection is successful for given weather stations. HEC-HMS model showed a satisfactory performance during calibration (R2=0.82) and validation (R2=0.78). The MK trend of tmin&tmax show significantly increasing; whereas rf and stf show insignificantly decreasing except under RCP8.5. The rf and stf CV analysis indicated less, moderate, and high in the study area. And the future long year average annual rf increased by -3.6%, -1.9% and -7.7%; temperature +1.15%, +2.2% and +4.2%; and stf -2.9%, -0.05% and -8.5% under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively. Thus, the decrement in rf and the increment in temperature lead to more evapotranspiration and affect the stf negatively. In conclusion, stf in the Abelti-watershed could significantly decline with adverse consequences for water supplies, agriculture, and ecosystem health for the future. Therefore, this study may contribute to the planning and implementation of sustainable resources development and management strategies and help to mitigate the consequences of CC.
Artificial Bee Colony-based satellite image contrast and brightness enhancement technique using DWT-SVD

In this article, a new contrast enhancement approach is presented for quality enhancement of low-contrast satellite images. The proposed technique is based on the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition (DWT-SVD). The method employs the ABC technique to learn the parameters of the adaptive thresholding function required for optimum enhancement. In this approach, the input image is primarily decomposed into four sub-bands through DWT, and then each sub-band of DWT is optimized through the ABC algorithm. After that, a singular value matrix of the low–low thresholded sub-band image is estimated and, finally, the enhanced image is constructed by applying inverse DWT. The results obtained through this method reveal that the proposed methodology gives better performance in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), and mean and standard deviation as compared to General Histogram Equalization (GHE), Discrete Cosine Transform and Singular Value Decomposition (DCT-SVD), DWT-SVD, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and modified versions of the PSO-based enhancement approach.
Defect Modes in Two-component Chains

A detailed study of the isolated modes due to a variety of defects in one-dimensional two-component vibrating systems is made. A version of an analytic method outlined by Montroll and Potts in 1955 is used to deal with the localized modes associated with the simpler types of defect. More complicated defects can be treated in the same way, but the analysis becomes inconveniently complex, and a numerical approach already extensively used in a similar connection by Dean in 1959 and 1960 is preferred. It is found that a relatively few general rules describe all the results; these rules may be used to obtain much information on the spectra of a wide variety of one-dimensional systems.
Robot for Interior‐Finishing Works

A multipurpose interior‐finishing robot offers a conceptual alternative to single‐purpose construction robots, which are already employed in practice. The robot could be adapted to various tasks, e.g., painting, plastering, building, or tiling, by modification of its effector and control mechanism. The paper addresses two main subjects: (1) It presents an overview of the interior‐finishing robot development process; and (2) it describes the methodology and results of one of the more important development stages—the selection of the configuration of the robot's arm. The development process of the robot included a number of interrelated studies: formulation of the robot performance specifications, the ensuing preliminary design, planning of robot activity in a building, analysis of the robot configuration, adaptation of building technology to the robot's constraints, and physical experiments with robotic performance of building tasks. The analysis aimed at selection of a preferred configuration for the robo.
Robust PID Steering Control in Parameter Space for Highly Automated Driving

This paper is on the design of a parameter space based robust PID steering controller. This controller is used for automated steering in automated path following of a midsized sedan. Linear and nonlinear models of this midsized sedan are presented in the paper. Experimental results are used to validate the longitudinal and lateral dynamic models of this vehicle. This paper is on automated steering control and concentrates on the lateral direction of motion. The linear model is used to design a PID steering controller in parameter space that satisfies -stability. The PID steering controller that is designed is used in a simulation study to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results for a circular trajectory and for a curved trajectory are presented and discussed in detail. This study is part of a larger research effort aimed at implementing highly automated driving in a midsized sedan.
IGF‐dependent dynamic modulation of a protease cleavage site in the intrinsically disordered linker domain of human IGFBP2

Functional regulation via conformational dynamics is well known in structured proteins but less well characterized in intrinsically disordered proteins and their complexes. Using NMR spectroscopy, we have identified a dynamic regulatory mechanism in the human insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system involving the central, intrinsically disordered linker domain of human IGF‐binding protein‐2 (hIGFBP2). The bioavailability of IGFs is regulated by the proteolysis of IGF‐binding proteins. In the case of hIGFBP2, the linker domain (L‐hIGFBP2) retains its intrinsic disorder upon binding IGF‐1, but its dynamics are significantly altered, both in the IGF binding region and distantly located protease cleavage sites. The increase in flexibility of the linker domain upon IGF‐1 binding may explain the IGF‐dependent modulation of proteolysis of IGFBP2 in this domain. As IGF homeostasis is important for cell growth and function, and its dysregulation is a key contributor to several cancers, our findings open up new avenues for the design of IGFBP analogs inhibiting IGF‐dependent tumors.
On chaos of digital filters in the real world

Numerical simulations are presented showing that over certain parameter ranges, the asymptotic behavior of a real-world digital filter having a wordlength of only 16 b is virtually indistinguishable from that of an infinite wordlength digital filter. It is suggested that for all practical purposes, a finite-state machine can behave in a chaotic way if its wordlength is sufficiently large. It is concluded that the chaotic nature of a real digital filter may be hidden because of short wordlengths, but the chaotic behavior must be considered in a real digital filter when the wordlength exceeds 16 b. >
Comparing Direct and Indirect Thrust Measurements from Passively Fed Ionic Electrospray Thrusters

Highly ionic beams of several hundred microampere per squared centimeter have been measured from porous glass ionic liquid electrospray sources fabricated using a conventional mill. The thrust output from three prototype devices, two emitting the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and one emitting 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-tetrafluoroborate, was measured directly using a precise balance. Thrusts up to 50 μN were measured when emitting 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide in a bipolar, alternating potential configuration at less than 0.8 W input power and with propellant supplied from an internal reservoir. Measurements of mass spectra via time-of-flight spectrometry, angle resolved current distributions, ion fragmentation, and energy deficits have been applied to accurately calculate thrust and mass flow rates indirectly from the same devices. For two of the three cases, calculated and directly measured thrusts were in agreement to within.
Evidence summary of human milk fortifier in preterm infants

Background To search for and collect evidence on human milk fortifier in preterm infants, and to summarize the latest and best evidence, so as to provide reference for clinical work. Methods We searched the databases of UpToDate, American Guide Network, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), PubMed, ResearchGate, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, Chinese Biology Medicine disc (CBM), and Yi Maitong, and collected relevant guidelines, systematic reviews, evidence summaries, expert consensuses, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The retrieval time limit was from the database establishment to July 2021. The quality of the literature was independently evaluated by 2 researchers, who then extracted and summarized the evidence from qualifying articles. Results A total of 16 articles were selected, including 3 guidelines, 3 systematic reviews, 5 expert consensuses, 3 RCTs, and 1 best practice guideline, including indications, time for usage, methods, monitoring and management, time of cessation, health education, and post-discharge feeding. Conclusions This study summarized the best evidence for human milk fortifier in preterm infants. Medical staff should assess the specific clinical conditions and parental wishes when applying the best evidence to ensure the effectiveness and safety of human milk fortifier, thus improving the quality of clinical nursing.
Cryogenic Test of the 4 K / 2 K Insert for the ARIEL E- Linac Cryomodule

The ARIEL project at TRIUMF requires a 50 MeV superconducting electron linac consisting of five nine cell 1.3 GHz cavities divided into three cryomodules with one, two and two cavities in each module respectively. LHe is distributed in parallel to each module at 4 K and at ∼1.2 bar. Each module has a cryogenic insert on board that receives the 4 K liquid and produces 2 K into a cavity phase separator. The module combines a 4 K phase separator, a plate and fin heat exchanger from DATE and a J-T valve expanding into the 2 K phase separator. The unit also supplies 4 K liquid to thermal intercepts in the module in siphon loops that return the vaporized liquid to the 4 K reservoir. For testing purposes the unit is outfitted with a dummy 2 K phase separator and thermal intercepts with variable heaters that mimic the final heat loads in order to test the cryogenic performance. The design of the 4 K / 2 K insert, the results of the cold tests and a summary of the test infrastructure including cryogenics services .
Short Term Load Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Networks

Load forecasting refers to the prediction of future load conditions based on present or historical data. This is important especially for transmission planning and economic dispatch. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained using historical data for a sub-station at Ruiru, Kenya and the corresponding loading conditions for the sub-station are used to test its accuracy in forecasting the electrical load when given other parameters.
Performance Comparison between Optical and Copper Interconnects

This paper gives performance comparison between optical and copper interconnects in terms of delay for global interconnect level. As the technology is scaled down, device dimensions have been shrunk on the chip, the conventional copper interconnects are not able to fulfil different design requirements. The optical interconnects can be considered as a substitute for copper interconnects. In this paper delay of optical and copper interconnects is simulated using SPICE simulation for different technology nodes at global interconnect length. The results of this paper show that optical interconnects give better results as compared to conventional copper interconnect for global interconnect length. As the technology is scaled, various design advancements are considered in interconnect designing process based on the criteria of delay uncertainty, power consumption, bandwidth and noise. Conventional copper interconnects are not able to fulfil these requirements. Copper based interconnects are facing many challenges. Optical interconnects can be considered as a proper alternative to meet these requirements. Optical interconnects provide better results in terms of delay as compared to conventional copper interconnects. Optical interconnects have been considered as an alternative solutions to chip-chip and chip-board interconnects where bandwidth and delay are the major parameters (1),(2). Their applicability has also been considered for intra-chip communication (3),(4). Because of an order of size mismatch between the wavelength of light and nanoelectronic components, the optical interconnects are preferred in the case of the global interconnect level. In this paper delay of copper interconnects and optical interconnects is simulated and compared at different technology nodes. This paper is divided into five sections. Section 2 describes copper interconnects. Section 3 describes optical interconnects. Section 4 includes result and discussion. Conclusions are made in section 5.
ABOUT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DC CURRENT TRANSDUCER WITH HALL SENSOR

In the field of power electronics and other industrial applications sensors for detecting a large DC current have a strong demand. The actual magnetic sensors have the core too large, and too heavy. The size of magnetic core may be reduced by using an adequate magnetic materials and Hall sensors. This paper presents the construction and characteristics of a DC current transducer with Hall sensor that uses a core of a new Fe50Ni50 sintered material. It explores ways of increasing the transducer sensitivity.
Design of ternary subtractor using multiplexers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design multiplexers (MUXs) based on ternary half subtractor and full subtractor using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. Design/methodology/approach Conventionally, the binary logic functions are developed by using the binary decision diagram (BDD) systems. Each node in BDD is replaced by 2:1 MUX to implement the digital circuits. Similarly, in the ternary decision diagram, each node has to be replaced by 3:1 MUX. In this paper, ternary transformed BDD is used to design the ternary subtractors using 2:1 MUXs. Findings The performance of the proposed ternary half subtractor and full subtractor using the 2:1 MUX are compared with the 3:1 MUX-based ternary circuits. It has been observed that the delay, power and power delay product values are reduced, respectively, by 67.6%, 84.3%, 94.9% for half subtractor and 67.7%, 70.1%, 90.3% for full subtractor. From the Monte Carlo simulations, it is observed that the propagation delay and power dissipation of the proposed subtractors are increased by increasing the channel length due to process variations. The stability test is also performed and observed that the stability increases as the channel length and diameter are increased. Originality/value The proposed half subtractor and full subtractor show better performance over the existing subtractors.