Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview short‐form (CIDI‐SF)

Data are reported on a series of short‐form (SF) screening scales of DSM‐III‐R psychiatric disorders developed from the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). A multi‐step procedure was used to generate CIDI‐SF screening scales for each of eight DSM disorders from the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS). This procedure began with the subsample of respondents who endorsed the CIDI diagnostic stem question for a given disorder and then used a series of stepwise regression analyses to select a subset of screening questions to maximize reproduction of the full CIDI diagnosis. A small number of screening questions, between three and eight for each disorder, was found to account for the significant associations between symptom ratings and CIDI diagnoses. Summary scales made up of these symptom questions correctly classify between 77% and 100% of CIDI cases and between 94% and 99% of CIDI non‐cases in the NCS depending on the diagnosis. Overall classification accuracy ranged from a low of 93% for major depressive episode to a high of over 99% for generalized anxiety disorder. Pilot testing in a nationally representative telephone survey found that the full set of CIDI‐SF scales can be administered in an average of seven minutes compared to over an hour for the full CIDI. The results are quite encouraging in suggesting that diagnostic classifications made in the full CIDI can be reproduced with excellent accuracy with the CIDI‐SF scales. Independent verification of this reproduction accuracy, however, is needed in a data set other than the one in which the CIDI‐SF was developed. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Oral Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies with Kalpaamruthaa, a Modified Indigenous Preparation, on Rats

Kalpaamruthaa (KA), a modified indigenous Siddha formulation constitutes Semecarpus anacardium nut milk extract, Emblica officinalis and honey. KA is evaluated for its behavioral and toxicological effects and also its consequence on biochemical and histological variations. Acute and subacute toxicity studies with KA were done on Wistar Albino rats. During acute toxicity study (72 hr), there were no any adverse effects found in the general behavior and mortality at any dose level given (50–2000 mg/kg b.wt.). In subacute toxicity study (30 days) KA (50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) did not cause any changes in hematological and biochemical parameters with the exception of a transient rise in hemoglobin, leukocyte count, free fatty acid, plasma and urine creatinine and a significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid levels. The changes observed are significant only at the highest dosage of 500 mg/kg b.wt. Further, histopathological examination of vital organs showed normal architecture suggesting no morphological disturbances; it can be considered that KA is safe and non toxic.
Magnetic Particle Imaging durch Superparamagnetische Nanopartikel zur Sentinellymphknotendetektion beim Mammakarzinom

Fragestellung: Die radikale axillare Lymphonodektomie (ALN) ist mit hoher Morbiditat und Lebensqualitatsverlust verbunden. Die Sentinellymphonodektomie (SNLB) verringert diese Folgen unter Verwendung von Farbstoff und Radionukliden. Superparamagnetische Eisenoxid-Nanopartikel (SPIOs) ersetzen diese unter Anwendung des neuen Magnetic Partilce Imaging (MPI)-Verfahrens. Die personelle Belastung mit ionisierenden Strahlen (Patientin und am SNLB-Prozess beteiligte) entfallt. Qualitative und quantitative Anreicherung von SPIOs im Lymphgewebe der Axilla sind bislang unerforscht. Zudem wurde das MPI-Verfahren bisher nicht in vivo angewandt. Durch die hier vorgestellten Versuche werden erstmals Ergebnisse in den genannten Fragestellungen im Mausmodel generiert. Methodik: Beim MPI werden SPIOs durch Anlegen magnetischer Wechselfelder im Gewebe dreidimensional darstell- und damit exakt lokalisierbar. Nach Injektion von Resovist® in die Milchdruse der lebenden Maus wird die Ausbreitung des Tracers nach Sacrifice im Gewebe histologisch, immunhistochemisch und elektronenmikroskopisch verfolgt. Dabei erfolgt eine Festlegung der optimalen Dosis und Laufzeit des Tracers in das Zielgebiet. Die Detektion des SNL erfolgt durch parallele Injektion mit Patentblau und wiederum durch Histologie/Iimmunhistochemie. Spektrometrische Untersuchungen dienen der Evaluation des MPI am isolierten axillaren Gewebe. Die Sicherheit des Verfahrens wird im Tumormodell der Maus mit zwei Mammakarzinomlinien am metastasierten Lymphknoten untersucht. Ergebnisse: Dieser Mausversuch ist Teil eines umfangreichen Versuchsprogramms zur Entwicklung eines neuen und gegenuber dem Standard der SNLB deutlich weniger aufwandigen und weniger belastenden Diagnoseverfahrens. Hierbei soll eine neuartige MPI-Handsonde mit einseitiger Magnetspulenanordnung zur Anwendung im Operationssaal entwickelt werden. Schlussfolgerung: Bei der konventionellen SNLB muss die Axilla komplett exploriert und der SNL im Gewebe identifiziert werden. Die intraoperative dreidimensionale Darstellung der SNL mittels MPI-Handsonde erleichtert das Auffinden der SNL im Gewebe. Die intensive operative Exploration der Axilla entfallt und die Morbiditat wird deutlich verringert. Die beim MPI eingesetzten Tracer sind leicht zu beschaffen, wodurch die Methode einem grosen Patientinnenkreis zuganglich wird. Das Konzept der SNLB durch MPI kann prinzipiell bei allen soliden Tumoren angewendet werden. Dieses Projekt wird durch das Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) unterstutzt („Magnetic-Particle-Imaging fur die Wachterlymphknoten-Biopsie beim Mammakarzinom“, ID 91). Es ist auserdem Teil des universitaren Forschungsschwerpunktes „Bildgebung bei Krankheitsprozessen“ der Universitat zu Lubeck.
A telepharmacy intervention to improve inhaler adherence in veterans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Patients’ adherence to medications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is low, and many patients do not use their inhaler properly. [1][1],[2][2] Interventions to improve inhaler use in patients with COPD have yielded conflicting results and are difficult to compare as they use various
Interpretation and value of MR CSF flow studies for paediatric neurosurgery

Imaging techniques may be underutilised when clinicians are unaware of the technique or do not recognise its potential. Phase-contrast MR imaging (PC-MRI) is a rapid, simple and non-invasive technique that is sensitive to CSF flow. It demonstrates a mechanical coupling between cerebral blood and CSF flow throughout the cardiac cycle. Neurosurgeons should be able to request this procedure routinely as part of an MRI request. This paper gives an overview of the indications, technical requirements, technique and interpretation, using image examples. Indications for CSF flow studies in children include assessment and functionality of shunt treatment in patients with hydrocephalus; hydrocephalus associated with achondroplasia; Chiari I malformation; confirmation of aqueductal stenosis; and determining patency of a third ventriculostomy.
Posted versus actual drug shortages.

PURPOSE The compatibility and stability of butorphanol tartrate and droperidol in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags and glass bottles stored at 4°C and 25°C for up to 15 days were studied. METHODS Admixtures were assessed initially and for 15 days after preparation in PVC bags and glass bottles using 0.9% sodium chloride injection as a diluent and stored at 4°C and 25°C. The initial drug concentrations were 0.08 mg/mL for butorphanol tartrate and 0.05 mg/mL for droperidol. Samples were withdrawn from each container immediately after preparation and at predetermined intervals (2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 120, 168, 240, and 360 hours after preparation). The solutions were visually inspected for precipitation, cloudiness, and discoloration at each sampling interval. Drug concentrations were determined using a validated high-pressure liquid chromatography method. RESULTS After 15 days of storage, all formulations tested retained >98% of the initial concentrations of both drugs. The drug mixtures were clear in appearance, and no color change or precipitation was observed. Throughout this period, pH values remained stable. CONCLUSION Admixtures of butorphanol tartrate 0.08 mg/mL and droperidol 0.05 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection were stable for at least 360 hours when stored in PVC bags or glass bottles at 4°C and 25°C and protected from light.
"Tai Chi Quan" exercise used in improving the heart function of aged people

In this study, we assessed the effect of “Tai Chi Quan” exercise on heart function of aged people. A total of 66 old people (mean age, 72.81 ± 7.27 years) was recruited for the study in November 2009. All subjects were asked to practice “Tai Chi Quan” for one hour, every day. This study had continued for 1 year. Some physiological indexes were measured in November 2009 (beginning point) and December 2010 (ending point), respectively. Results showed that “Tai Chi Quan” exercise could significantly increase cardiac output, stroke index and myocardial oxygen consumption index in aged practicers. It can be concluded that “Tai Chi Quan” exercise can improve heart function of aged people. Key words: “Tai Chi Quan”, elderly, heart.
Physiotherapy outcomes and staffing resources in open abdominal surgery patients

The measurement of physiotherapy outcomes after abdominal surgery has rarely been undertaken in Australia. Under the financial pressures of the current health care environment, physiotherapists urgently need to develop clinical outcomes and accurate measures of resource utilization. This study investigated clinical outcomes and physiotherapy staffing resources in open abdominal surgery patients at two hospitals. The Abdominal Surgery Physiotherapy Outcomes Data Sheet (APODS), designed for this study, demonstrated good content validity and high intrarater and interrater reliability. The 30 subjects at each of the two hospitals were comparable in all preoperative and perioperative variables. Wide variations in the amount of physiotherapy resources were found between the two hospitals. Number of physiotherapy treatments was found to be correlated with preoperative ASA score ( r = 0.35, p = 0.006), days of mechanical ventilation ( r = 0.60, p < 0.001), and postoperative length of stay ( r = 0.53, p < 0.001). Rates of restoration of mobility varied significantly, with hospital B subjects sitting out of bed earlier ( p = 0.004) and able to mobilise independently earlier after surgery ( p = 0.045) compared to hospital A. Overall rate of postoperative pulmonary complication rates was 43.3%. Development of clinical outcome measures in this area of physiotherapy is urgently needed in order to guide physiotherapy staffing, review clinical practices, and inform priorities for future research direction.
Management of Hepatitis C Infection in the HIV-Infected Patient

Morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection have rapidly decreased with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Of recent concern is the increase of unusual opportunistic infections, particularly hepatitis C virus in this population. Because of the shared route of transmission, a significant number of HIV-infected patients are also coinfected with hepatitis C virus. HIV infection has been demonstrated to increase the rate of hepatitis C virus disease progression. New data on the use of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin indicate that while cure of hepatitis C virus in the coinfected patient is a clinical challenge, it is possible. Aggressive management of anemia, drug-induced depression, and drug interactions increase the opportunity for clinical response and positive patient outcomes.
Comparison of medication safety systems in critical access hospitals: Combined analysis of two studies.

PURPOSE The role of pharmacist transcription, onsite pharmacist dispensing, use of automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs), nurse-nurse double checks, or barcode-assisted medication administration (BCMA) in reducing medication error rates in critical access hospitals (CAHs) was evaluated. METHODS Investigators used the practice-based evidence methodology to identify predictors of medication errors in 12 Nebraska CAHs. Detailed information about each medication administered was recorded through direct observation. Errors were identified by comparing the observed medication administered with the physician's order. Chi-square analysis and Fisher's exact test were used to measure differences between groups of medication-dispensing procedures. RESULTS Nurses observed 6497 medications being administered to 1374 patients. The overall error rate was 1.2%. The transcription error rates for orders transcribed by an onsite pharmacist were slightly lower than for orders transcribed by a telepharmacy service (0.10% and 0.33%, respectively). Fewer dispensing errors occurred when medications were dispensed by an onsite pharmacist versus any other method of medication acquisition (0.10% versus 0.44%, p = 0.0085). The rates of dispensing errors for medications that were retrieved from a single-cell ADC (0.19%), a multicell ADC (0.45%), or a drug closet or general supply (0.77%) did not differ significantly. BCMA was associated with a higher proportion of dispensing and administration errors intercepted before reaching the patient (66.7%) compared with either manual double checks (10%) or no BCMA or double check (30.4%) of the medication before administration (p = 0.0167). CONCLUSION Onsite pharmacist dispensing and BCMA were associated with fewer medication errors and are important components of a medication safety strategy in CAHs.
Medication acquisition by veterans dually eligible for Veterans Affairs and Medicare Part D pharmacy benefits.

PURPOSE The patterns of medication acquisition for veterans dually eligible for pharmacy benefits from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Medicare Part D-reimbursed pharmacies were examined. METHODS The characteristics of veterans who used pharmacies reimbursed by (1) VA only, (2) both VA and Part D-reimbursed, and (3) Part D-reimbursed only pharmacies in 2009 were compared and their medication types and sources examined. Pharmacy usage was measured as the number of 30-day medication supplies and the number of different drug classes that veterans received from VA and Part D-reimbursed pharmacies. Chi-square testing and analysis of variance were used to compare unadjusted patient characteristics and healthcare utilization. RESULTS A total of 145,899 veterans with any VA or Part D-reimbursed pharmacy use were included in the study: 69.6% used VA pharmacies only, 9.9% used VA and Part D-reimbursed pharmacies, and 20.5% used Part D-reimbursed pharmacies only. Veterans who lived in rural areas, were non-Black, had VA medication copayments, or were dual or Medicare-only outpatient users were more likely to be dual or Part D-reimbursed only pharmacy users (p < 0.001). Dual pharmacy users received more 30-day supplies than did the other two pharmacy-use groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Nearly one third of VA users received medications from Part D-reimbursed pharmacies, either alone or together with VA pharmacies. Among dual pharmacy users, over half received medications from the same drug class from both VA and Part D-reimbursed pharmacies for which the days' supplies overlapped by more than seven days.
What is most and least useful in residential rehabilitation? A qualitative study of service users and professionals

Aims: Explore client and staff views of the most and least useful aspects of residential rehabilitation. Methods: A qualitative study, involving interviews with clients who had attended residential rehabilitation and a range of relevant staff, conducted in the Wiltshire and Swindon areas of the UK. Findings: All interviewees agreed there were many benefits to be gained from Residential Rehabilitation. There was considerable diversity of clients' experiences of the help provided to them in the community, and most criticism was reserved for what happened before and after residential rehabilitation. Conclusions: Arrangements for care need to be considered before admission, not just before discharge, taking a comprehensive holistic approach to client needs, including childcare, housing, training and education, employment, family and relationship concerns. This implies skilled key‐working, effective inter‐agency collaboration and the setting of clear standards of quality. Residential rehabilitation has evolved from a service provided mainly for older people with alcohol problems, to those with heroin addiction and now those with dual or multiple addictions, notably involving crack cocaine. It may be that different types of ‘therapeutic community’ are needed for different problems.
Application of passive change of extremity posture in registration of intensity of arterial blood flow

The aim of this study was to compare the values of registered intensity of arterial blood flow by plethysmography while various occlusion pressures or passive change of extremity was applied. Measurements was obtained by applying various techniques: 1) by various occlusion intensities: 20, 40 or 70 mmHg; 2) by lowering and tilting-up manoeuvre and 3) by lowering and tilting-up manoeuvre while the limb was occluded by 70mmHg. The results obtained during the study showed that occlusion applied for measuring the intensity of blood flow can be too low or too high and falsify the real values. The lowering and tilt-up manoeuvre presents the highest values obtained without occlusion influence. We suggest using the lowering and tilt-up manoeuvre for measurements of arterial blood flow intensity when it is possible to use.
Occult Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Airflow Obstruction1–2

Alveolar pressure can remain positive throughout the ventilatory cycle of mechanically-ventilated patients with airflow obstruction, even when positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is not applied intentionally. The increase of intrathoracic pressure associated with this “auto-PEEP” phenomenon can severely depress cardiac output as well as elevate the end-expiratory pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Such effects may be exaggerated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease because abnormally compliant lungs transmit a high fraction of alveolar pressure to intrathoracic vessels. Failure to recognize the hemodynamic consequences of auto-PEEP may lead to inappropriate fluid restriction or unnecessary vasopressor therapy. Although not apparent during normal ventilator operation, the auto-PEEP effect can be detected and quantified by a simple bedside maneuver: expiratory port occlusion at the end of the set exhalation period.
Deferiprone approved for iron overload.

FDA on October 14 announced the approval of deferiprone oral tablets for the treatment of transfusional iron overload in patients with thalassemia whose previous chelation therapy did not produce an adequate response. The drug will be marketed as Ferriprox by ApoPharma Inc. of Toronto. According
Application of MR technology to endovascular interventions in an XMR Suite

Radiation exposure during catheterization ranges widely, but can substantially exceed that received during other procedures [4]. Clearly, these concerns are further heightened in patients requiring multiple procedures or undergoing particularly long or difficult interventions. While the inherent benefits of the performed procedures are likely to well outweigh the radiation risk, the possibility of performing the same or similar procedures as effectively and without ionizing radiation is very appealing. In addition, sensitivity to the cumulative effects of occupational radiation exposure is a growing concern for many clinicians.
Correlates of NNAL levels among nondaily and daily smokers in the college student population.

INTRODUCTION Recent simultaneous increases in nondaily smoking and decreases in daily smoking make the identification of nondaily smokers through biomarker measures as well as the relationship of biomarker levels to smoking behaviors important topics. However, little is known about biochemical identification and carcinogen exposure of nondaily smokers. One tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), has a long half-life, making it a useful marker for long-term and intermittent tobacco exposure. Thus, we examined correlates of urine NNAL levels among nondaily and daily smokers. METHODS In 2011, we obtained urine samples from 64 current cigarette smokers (37 nondaily; 27 daily) in the Southeastern US and assessed participants' sociodemographics, smoking-related information, and other tobacco use. Our sample included 14 participants concurrently using other combustible tobacco products and eight concurrently using smokeless tobacco. RESULTS Of six participants smoking for only one day in the past 30, four had detectable NNAL levels; thus, two nondaily smokers were excluded from the remainder of the analyses. In multivariate analysis, average cigarettes per day on smoking days (B = 23.00, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 13.81, 32.20, P < 0.001) and number of days of smokeless tobacco use (B = 17.11, CI 13.53, 20.70, P < 0.001) were associated with NNAL levels among nondaily smokers (R2 = 0.234). Multivariate analysis indicated that average cigarettes per day (B = 15.83, CI 2.89, 28.76, P = 0.02) was the only significant correlate of NNAL levels among daily smokers. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to identify a potential urinary NNAL (normalized for creatinine) cutoff point of 81.6 pg/mL/g creatinine (88.9% sensitivity, 80.0% specificity) to discriminate nondaily from daily smokers. Excluding polytobacco-product users from these analyses provided similar results. CONCLUSION Different correlates of NNAL levels exist among nondaily and daily cigarette smokers. Urine NNAL demonstrates the potential to be used to discriminate nondaily from daily smokers among young adults.
Molecular genosystematic and physiological characteristics of fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from the rice rhizosphere of Iranian paddy fields

The great progress achieved in the use of molecular genosystematics permits the study to solve many problems of specificity in the relationship between plant and microbial population of the rhizosphere. In this study, the plant growth promoting properties (indolileacetic acid production, phosphate solubilization and siderophore production) and genetic diversity of isolated Pseudomonas strains were examined. Bacterial strains were isolated from the rice rhizosphere of paddy fields in three Northern Provinces (Mazandaran, Gollestan and Guillan) of Iran. Our studies revealed that pseudomonads have plant growth promoting properties. Isolated strains showed high ability of IAA production, phosphate solubilization and siderophore production, while genotyping analysis showed that pseudomonads isolated from the rhizosphere of rice are genetically diverse. Nevertheless, the strains were distributed into 11 genotypes, including five groups of fluorescent pseudomonads. Key words: Fluorescent pseudomonads, rice rhizosphere, IAA production, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, gene typing.
Developing a Lifestyle Medicine Toolbox to Promote Health Behavior Change

Health behavior change is one of the most challenging aspects of a lifestyle medicine (LM) program. A “one size fits all” approach does not generally lead to long-term adherence and success in an LM program. Developing a set of LM tools that works with the practice setting of the provider and that is diverse enough to be adaptable to all patients may lead to a more successful LM practice. The purpose of having an LM toolbox is to improve health behavior change by increasing motivation, increasing self-awareness, decreasing implementation barriers, improving education, and tracking progress. This presents several LM tools that can be used in an LM program to improve health behavior change adherence.