Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
in a coastal eutrophie ecosystem (Bay of Brest, France)

RÉSUMÉ Sophie DAUCHEZ, Bernard QUÉGUINER, Paul TRÉGUER, Christiane ZEYONS Laboratoire de Chimie des Écosystèmes Marins, Institut d'Études Marines, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6, avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29287 Brest Cedex. Received 02/03/90, in revised form 1 2/07/90, accepted 17/07/90 Nitrogen (15N) and carbon (14C) uptake rates and hydrological, chemical and biological parametres were monitored at a single station during spring (March-April 1989) in a coastal eutrophie ecosystem of western Europe : the Bay of Brest. Before the spring growth of phytoplankton populations, total nitrogen and carbon uptake rates were low (= 0.3 J.lmo1 C.I·.h" and "" 0.025 J.lmol N.I·.h-). During the spring bloom, these uptake rates reached high values (0.5 J.lmol C.l".h" and 0.28 J.lmol N.1".h"); at this time, nitrate was the main source of nitrogen production, although relative preference index (RPI) values showed that ammonium was the preferred nitrogen form for phytoplankton (RPI (N03) < 1 ; RPI (NH4) > 5). C/N assimilation ratios were higher than C/N composition ratios of the particulate matter. This difference is interpreted in terms of terrestrial detritus inputs from rivers and variation of the physiological state of phytoplankton populations. Oceanologica Acta 1991. 14, 1, 87-95. Étude comparée de l'absorption de l'azote et du carbone par le phytoplancton dans un écosystème eutrophe (rade de Brest, France) Un suivi des taux d'absorption d'azote (15N), de carbone (14C) et des paramètres hydrologiques, chimiques et biologiques a été effectué au cours du printemps (mars-avril 1989) dans un écosystème eutrophe d'Europe occidentale : la rade de Brest. En régime hivernal, les taux d'absorption du carbone et de l'azote minéral total sont faibles ("" 0.3 J.lmol C.l".h" et "" 0.025 J.lmol N.l".h"). Au cours du bloom printanier, les taux d'absorption atteignent des valeurs élevées (0.5 J.lmol c.I·.h" et 0.28 J.lmol N.l".h"); les nitrates représentent alors la principale source d' azote bien que les valeurs de l'indice de préférence relative (RPI) montrent une préférence du phytoplancton pour l'ammonium (RPI (N03) < 1 ; RPI (NH4) > 5). L'étude des rapports d'assimilation C/N montre que ceux-ci sont supérieurs aux rapports molaires C/N de la matière particulaire. Cette différence doit être imputée aux apports fluviaux ainsi qu'aux variations de l'état physiologique des cellules phytoplanctoniques. Oceanologica Acta, 1991. 14, 1, 87-95. 0399-1784/91/01 87 09/$ 2.90/© Gauthier-Villars 87
Statistical Bias and Endorsement of Conspiracy Theories

Previous research proposes that endorsement of anomalous beliefs is associated with proneness to conjunction error. This supposition ignores important differences between belief types. Correspondingly, the present study examined the degree to which components of statistical bias predicted conspiratorial ideation and belief in the paranormal. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling revealed that conjunction error was associated with conspiratorial ideation, whilst perception of randomness most strongly predicted belief in the paranormal. These findings opposed the notion that anomalous beliefs, by virtue of possession of common characteristics, relate similarly to conjunction error. With regard to conspiracy, conjunction-framing manipulations produced only minor variations in relationship strength. This supported the notion that conspiratorial ideation was associated with a domain-general susceptibility to conjunction error. Framing, however, did influence the relationship between belief in the paranormal and conjunction; whilst, paranormal conjunctions were generally easier to solve, performance declined as level of paranormal belief increased.
Modeling malaria incidence in Sucre state, Venezuela using a Bayesian approach

This paper presents a hierarchical Bayesian Poisson lognormal model for malaria incidence in Sucre state, Venezuela, during the period 1990−2002. The logarithm of the relative risk of the disease for each county or municipality is ex-pressed as an additive model that includes a multiple regression with social-economic and climatic covariates; a random effect that captures the spatial heterogeneity in the study region and a CAR (Conditionally Autoregressive) component, that recognizes the effect of nearby municipalities in the transmission of the disease each year. For most years the selected model captures well the spatial structure between the relative risks from the nearby municipalities. When a poor model fit is obtained, a t-Student model for the spatial heterogeneity parameter improves model fitting results. From the 15 municipalities in Sucre state during the study period 1990−2002, 7 of them presented high relative risks (greater than 1) in most years. These areas are mostly agricultural areas with poor living conditions.
Design and Usability for Personalized User Interfaces of Telecommunication Services

Today user interfaces become very complex due to a rich functionality, especially services in the telecommunication area. As a consequence users neglect most of the possible functions. Till now investigations in the area of usability engineering did not yet solve this challenge. We propose a new personalization approach that incorporates design and engineering in order to reduce the amount of features of an interface. The personalization is received by determining in a first step the features of an interface that can be adapted to users’ habits and preferences. In a second step these features are mapped to input/output modalities which are chosen by the user. This personalization method is based on the conceptual model of stepping stones that combines usability engineering with design. Usability engineering applies an iterative model to ease the usage of interfaces. Within this iterative model the stepping stones incorporate design in order to make the usage of service interfaces more intuitive. The developed model of the stepping stones is applied to a configuration manager for cellular phones. Users can easily configure his/her personal menu structure, can add his/her favorite features and style or can delete unused features that he/she does not want to have on the phone. Finally, the configuration manager interface and its design are evaluated based on a scenario for three different user groups.
Dynamical Imaging using Spatial Nonlinearity

Abstract : In this proposal, we used spatial nonlinearity as a degree of freedom for imaging. Mode mixing in nonlinear systems enables them to surpass many fundamental limits of conventional (linear) imaging, such as resolution and field of view, and can overcome many of its basic trade-offs, including resolution vs. contrast and signal vs. noise. The work expanded Abbe s 1873 theory of diffraction to include spatial nonlinearity, prompted new experimental methods of phase-space measurement, and facilitated the discovery of new optical dynamics. The results generalized the field of computational imaging, on both the physical and algorithmic layers, by introducing new spatial interactions between amplitude and phase. They also raised many new and outstanding issues that need to be addressed, such as the best types of nonlinearity to use, the uniqueness and robustness of solutions, the levels of improvement possible, and the information capacity of nonlinear systems. These issues lay the foundation for future work.
Dynamics of a turbulent layer generated by velocity jump

We study a growing turbulent layer generated by the shear between half-spaces of fluid moving with different velocities. The $K$-$\ell $ Kolmogorov theory of turbulence is used, with the closure relation being proportionality of turbulent spatial scale to layer thickness. We show that the turbulent layer exhibits complete self-similarity, that is self-similar dynamics that are independent of initial conditions. A criterion of stability of self-similar regimes is deduced in a simple analytical form. The value of a coefficient entering the closure relation is estimated by matching experimental data.
Geographical patterns of seabird attendance to a research trawler along the Iberian Mediterranean coast

SUMMARY: The attendance of seabirds to a research trawler along the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula was monitored during six demersal surveys (MEDITS project). Cruises were performed in late spring during the period 19941999. Twenty seabird species were recorded, including both breeders and migrants. The four most common species behind the boat were local breeders, namely the Balearic shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus, Cory’s shearwater Calonectris diomedea, Audouin’s gull Larus audouinii and the yellow-legged gull Larus cachinnans. Most seabirds made use of trawler discards to some extent, with the exception of the Puffin Fratercula arctica. Geographically consistent patterns were identified in the six years surveyed. Seabirds were most abundant along the eastern coast of Iberia, especially off the Ebro Delta and around the Columbretes Islands, coinciding with one of the major areas of primary productivity and one of the largest trawling fleets in the western Mediterranean. The location of the main seabird colonies also influenced the distribution of breeders.
Resistance mechanisms to oxydemeton-methyl in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The resistance mechanisms to oxydemeton-methyl were surveyed in two Iranian strains of the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Bioassay was carried out on two strains, collected from Tehran and Rasht using dipping method. The results of bioassay indicated that resistance ratio was 20.47 for resistant strain. The activity of esterase and glutathione S-transferase in resistant and susceptible strains showed that one of resistance mechanisms to oxydemeton-methyl was esterasebased resistance and glutathione S-transferase. The esterase activity of the resistant strain was 2.5 and 2.14-fold higher than those of the susceptible strain for α-naphtyl acetate (α-NA) and β-naphtyl acetate (β-NA) respectively. The kinetic characteristics acetylcholinesterase (AChE) showed that the AChE of resistant strain had lower affinity to artificial substrates; acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine than that of susceptible strain. I50 of oxydemeton-methyl for resistant and susceptible strains were 2.68×10 -6 M and 7.79×10 -7 M respectively. The results suggested that AChE of resistant strain is insensitive to oxydemeton-methyl and ratio of AChE insensitivity of resistant to susceptible strain were 3.49 and 7.8-fold to oxydemeton-methyl and paraoxon, respectively.
DRAFT: AVIAN-INSPIRED GRASPING FOR QUADROTOR MICRO UAVS

Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) have been used in a wide range of applications [1, 2, 3]. However, there are few papers addressing grasping and transporting payloads using MAVs. Drawing inspiration from aerial hunting by birds of prey, we design and equip a quadrotor MAV with an actuated appendage enabling grasping and object retrieval at high speeds. We develop a nonlinear dynamic model of the system, demonstrate that this system is differentially flat, plan dynamic trajectories using the flatness property, and present experimental results with pick-up velocities at 2 m/s (6 body lengths/second) and 3 m/s (9 body lengths/second). Finally, the experimental results with our MAV are compared with observations derived from video footage of a Bald Eagle swooping down and snatching a fish out of water.
The Type I Superluminous Supernova PS16aqv: Lightcurve Complexity and Deep Limits on Radioactive Ejecta in a Fast Event

We present UV/optical observations of PS16aqv (SN 2016ard), a fast-evolving Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) that reached a peak absolute magnitude of Mr ≈ −22.1. The lightcurves exhibit a significant undulation at 30 rest-frame days after peak, with a behavior similar to undulations seen in the slowly fading SLSN-I SN 2015bn. This similarity strengthens the case that fast and slow SLSNe-I form a continuum with a common origin. At ≈80 days after peak, the lightcurves exhibit a transition to a slow decline, followed by significant steepening, indicative of a plateau phase or a second significant undulation. Deep limits at ≈280 days after peak imply a tight constraint on the nickel mass, MNi ≲ 0.35 M⊙ (lower than for previous SLSNe-I), and indicate that some SLSNe-I do not produce significantly more nickel than normal Type Ic SNe. Using MOSFiT, we model the lightcurve with a magnetar central engine model and find Pspin ≈ 0.9 ms, B ≈ 1.5 × 1014 G, and Mej ≈ 16 M⊙. The implied rapid spin-down time and large reservoir of available energy coupled with the high ejecta mass may account for the fast lightcurve and slow spectroscopic evolution. We also study PS16aqv’s location within its host galaxy and find that it occurred at an offset of 2.46 ± 0.21 kpc from the central star-forming region. Aside from high extinction, the host properties are similar to most other SLSN-I host galaxies. The complexity in the lightcurves of PS16aqv and other events highlights the importance of obtaining well-sampled lightcurves for exploring deviations from a uniform decline.
Investigation of asphaltene precipitation in miscible gas injection processes: experimental study and modeling

Asphaltene precipitation during natural depletion and miscible gas injection is a common problem in oilfields throughout the world. In this work, static precipitation tests are conducted to investigate the effects of pressure, temperature and gas type and concentration on asphaltene instability. Three different oil samples have been studied under reservoir conditions with/without nitrogen and methane injection. Besides applying common thermodynamic models, a new scaling equation is presented to predict asphaltene precipitation under HPHT gas injection. Extensive published data from the literature are also used in model development. The scaling approach is attractive because it is simple and complex asphaltene properties are not involved in the calculations. Moreover, the proposed model provides universal parameters for different fluid samples over a wide range of pressure and temperature that makes it novel for evaluation of future gas injection projects when simple PVT data are available.
Should less inequality in education lead to a more equal income distribution?

In this paper, we revisit the question whether inequality in education and human capital is closely related to income inequality. Using the most popular functional forms describing the relationship between, first, output and human capital and, second, education and human capital, we find that the effect of inequality in schooling on income inequality is very low, even insignificant in an economic sense. This is confirmed by our empirical analysis, since we find that the Gini coefficient of education yields an insignificant coefficient. If we take care of the possible simultaneity using a two-stage least-squares (2SLS) analysis, we find that there is no relationship in the case of non-OECD countries, but a positive relationship is found in the case of OECD countries. Also, we cannot confirm that a more equal distribution of education leads to higher income per capita, even though this result is sensitive to the choice of data.
Metal Ion Binding and Coordination Geometry for Wild Type and Mutants of Metallo-β-lactamase from Bacillus cereus569/H/9 (BcII)

One high affinity (nm) and one low affinity (μM) macroscopic dissociation constant for the binding of metal ions were found for the wild-type metallo-β-lactamase from Bacillus cereus as well as six single-site mutants in which all ligands in the two metal binding sites were altered. Surprisingly, the mutations did not cause a specific alteration of the affinity of metal ions for the sole modified binding site as determined by extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and perturbed angular correlation of γ-rays spectroscopy, respectively. Also UV-visible absorption spectra for the mono-cobalt enzymes clearly contain contributions from both metal sites. The observations of the very similar microscopic dissociation constants of both binding sites in contrast to the significantly differing macroscopic dissociation constants inevitably led to the conclusion that binding to the two metal sites exhibits negative cooperativity. The slow association rates for forming the binuclear enzyme determined by stopped-flow fluorescence measurements suggested that fast metal exchange between the two sites for the mononuclear enzyme hinders the binding of a second metal ion. EXAFS spectroscopy of the mono- and di-zinc wild type enzymes and two di-zinc mutants provide a definition of the metal ion environments, which is compared with the available x-ray crystallographic data.
An overview of the sustainability of solid waste management at military installations

Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management at military solutions necessitates a combined approach that includes waste reduction, alternative disposal techniques, and increased recycling. Military installations are unique because they often represent large employers in the region in which they are located, thereby making any practices they employ impact overall waste management strategies of the region. Solutions for waste sustainability will be dependent on operational directives and base location, availability of resources such as water and energy, and size of population. Presented in this paper are descriptions of available waste strategies that can be used to support sustainable waste management. Results presented indicate source reduction and recycling to be the most sustainable solutions. However, new waste-to-energy plants and composting have potential to improve on these well proven techniques and allow military installations to achieve sustainable waste management.
Confounding of Three Binary-Variable Counterfactual Model with DAG

Confounding of three binary-variable counterfactual model with directed acyclic graph (DAG) is discussed in this paper. According to the effect between the control variable and the covariate variable, we investigate three causal counterfactual models: the control variable is independent of the covariate variable, the control variable has the effect on the covariate variable and the covariate variable affects the control variable. Using the ancillary information based on conditional independence hypotheses and ignorability, the sufficient conditions to determine whether the covariate variable is an irrelevant factor or whether there is no confounding in each counterfactual model are obtained.
The Welfare Ban-opticon. Financial Sorting of Low-Income Migrants from Central and Eastern Europe

After the last EU enlargement state borders have been partially replaced by internal border controls of state bureaucracies to regulate westward migration. Existing ideas of threat associated with nonEU migrants are accompanied by a ‘new menace’ referring to criminal ’insiders’ who might profit from the freedom of mobility within the EU. Accordingly, social security and immigration policies are increasingly intertwined within surveillance practices of member states, blurring the line between welfare and crime control measures. Therefore, new geopolitical measures and local risk management strategies are introduced for tracing and screening mobile groups. These monitoring practices are taking new forms in technocratic bureaucracies and are changing the means of interaction between newcomers and administrative bodies in host societies. In order to understand how these welfare servicebased financial monitoring structures facilitate spatial population control, we need to understand how selective incentives are invented in order to make undesired groups voluntarily leave the executive territory of host societies. The long-standing prejudiced perception of newcomers as profiteers living on welfare, involved in illegal activities and unwilling to integrate has become a basis for Western concerns about a “threatening flood” of westward-bound benefit tourists. This has been used to justify new control measures in several Western member states. Based on empirical case studies, this study will analyse these asymmetries of surveillance within the virtual walls of Fortress Europe, and uncover coping of low-income migrants from Central and Eastern Europe in daily bureaucratic welfare procedures in London.
Equilibrium Selection in Multi-Player Games with Auction Applications

We introduce two new equilibrium renements for nite normal form games, both of which incorporate the intuitive idea that a costless deviation by one player is more likely than a costly deviation by the same or another player. These renements lead to new restrictions in games with three or more players and select interesting equilibria in some well-known auction games.
Computational Explorations of the Baldwin Eect

rst constructive proof of its potential existence, and subsequent work in evolutionary computation has shown the practical, computational, advantages of hybrid evolution-learning systems. However, the basic theory, particularly it’s second phase (involving genetic assimilation of acquired characteristics) is dicult to reconcile in systems controlled by neural networks. This paper gives a brief overview of early B.E. research, describes one of our earlier projects involving B.E. and trilaterally adaptive systems, and sketches our current focus on the investigation of B.E. in trilaterally-adaptive neural networks.
Bifurcation and chaotic behaviors of 4-UPS-RPS high-speed parallel mechanism

In order to grasp the nonlinear characteristics of high-speed spatial parallel mechanism, the bifurcation and chaotic behaviors of 4-UPS-RPS mechanism are analyzed. Firstly, the nonlinear elastic dynamic model of the mechanism is established by using the Lagrange equation and the finite element method. Then the effects of parameters including driving angular velocity, the radius of motion trajectory, the material of driving limbs, the diameter of driving limbs, and the mass of moving platform, on the bifurcation and chaotic behaviors of high-speed spatial parallel mechanism are studied. The results show that the above parameters all have a certain influence on nonlinear characteristics of the 4-UPS-RPS high-speed spatial parallel mechanism. The research can provide important theoretical basis for the further research on the non-linear dynamics of spatial parallel mechanism.
Efficient model for low-energy transverse beam dynamics in a nine-cell 1.3 GHz cavity

FLASH and the European XFEL are SASE-FEL user facilities, at which superconducting TESLA cavities are operated in a pulsed mode to accelerate long bunch-trains. Several cavities are powered by one klystron. While the low-level rf system is able to stabilize the vector sum of the accelerating gradient of one rf station sufficiently, the rf parameters of individual cavities vary within the bunch-train. In correlation with misalignments, intrabunch-train trajectory variations are induced. An efficient model is developed to describe the effect at low beam energy, using numerically adjusted transfer matrices and discrete coupler kick coefficients, respectively. Comparison with start-to-end tracking and dedicated experiments at the FLASH injector will be shown. The short computation time of the derived model allows for comprehensive numerical studies on the impact of misalignments and variable rf parameters on the transverse intra-bunch-train beam stability at the injector module. Results from both, statistical multibunch performance studies and the deduction of misalignments from multibunch experiments are presented.