Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microhardness and Scanning Electron Microscopic Morphology of Permanent Dentin Following the Application of Iranian and Foreign-Made Desensitizing Toothpastes

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the microhardness and morphology of permanent dentin following the application of Iranian and foreign-made desensitizing toothpastes. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 48 dentin samples prepared of extracted sound human permanent molars. Dentin samples were randomly divided into three groups (n=16) and subjected to the application of Pooneh Iranian desensitizing toothpaste, Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief (Poland) and no intervention (negative control). Each dentin sample was then immersed in 5 mL of a demineralizing solution for 10 hours and underwent a demineralization/remineralization cycle (pH cycling) for 14 days. The mean microhardness of the samples was measured at baseline, after demineralization and after 14 days. One sample of each toothpaste group was selected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of dentin morphology. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of time and type of toothpaste on microhardness using SPSS version 21. Results: Comparison of the mean microhardness of the control group with experimental groups revealed no significant difference at baseline or after demineralization (P>0.05). However, this difference was significant after 14 days (P 0.05). SEM assessment revealed greater tubular obstruction in Pooneh group after 14 days. Conclusion: Pooneh Iranian-made desensitizing toothpaste was comparable to Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief foreign-made desensitizing toothpaste in terms of microhardness of permanent dentin. It even demonstrated superior performance with regard to the obstruction of dentinal tubules.
Are Some Subtypes of Video Gamer More at Risk for Gambling Issues? A Latent Class Analysis of a Canadian Sample of University Students

Recently there has been growing interest in identifying links between video game playing and problem gambling. As video games continue to take on more gambling-like elements such as loot boxes, there is rising concern that they represent a potential pathway towards problem gambling. In this study, we explored video gamer profiles in a sample of Canadian undergraduate university students ( n = 687) to examine whether subgroups of gamers had different risk profiles for problem video gaming and/or problem gambling. Three predominant subgroups emerged: universal, free-to-play, and general gamer classes. Whereas the free-to-play class was associated with higher average amounts of time spent playing video games, the universal class was associated with higher average scores on measures of problem video gaming, problem gambling, and impulsivity. Although motivational differences were evident, there were no significant mental health differences among subgroups in this sample. Resume On s’interesse de plus en plus depuis peu de temps a l’etablissement de liens entre la pratique des jeux video et le jeu compulsif. A mesure que les jeux video comportent davantage d’elements de jeux de hasard comme des coffres a butin, on s’inquiete davantage du fait qu’ils puissent mener au jeu compulsif. Cette etude a examine le profil de joueurs de jeux video parmi un echantillon d’etudiants canadiens de premier cycle ( n = 687) afin de determiner si les sous-groupes de joueurs presentaient un profil de risque different pour le jeu video compulsif et/ou le jeu compulsif. Trois sous-groupes predominants sont ressortis : universel, gratuit et general. Le groupe des jeux gratuits etait associe a une plus grande quantite de temps consacree a jouer a des jeux video, le groupe universel etait associe pour sa part a un pointage moyen plus eleve au titre des parametres de mesure du jeu video compulsif, du jeu compulsif et de l’impulsivite. Les differences de motivation etaient evidentes, mais les sous-groupes de cet echantillon ne presentaient aucune difference importante sur le plan de la sante mentale.
LEARNING AND UNDERSTANDING BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK TREES

: Models for machine learning can be categorized roughly into two groups: symbolic and non-symbolic Generally speaking, symbolic model based learning can provide understandable results, but cannot adapt to changing environments efficiently. On the other hand, non-symbolic model based learning can adapt to changing environments, but the results are usually "black-boxes”. In our study, we introduced a hybrid model called neural network tree (NNTree). An NNTree is a decision tree (DT) with each non-terminal node containing an expert neural network (ENN). Results obtained so far show that an NNTree can be re-trained incrementally using new data. In addition, an NNTree can be interpreted easily if we restrict the number of inputs for each ENN. Thus, it is possible to perform recognition, learning and understand using the NNTree model alone.
Microsoft Word-49- Eng

Introduction: There are several technical features that make PET an ideal device for the noninvasive evaluation of cardiac physiology. Organ motion due to respiration is a major challenge in diagnostic imaging, especially in cardiac PET imaging. These motions reduce image quality by spreading the radiotracer activity over an increased volume, distorting apparent lesion size and shape and reducing both signal and signal-to-noise ratio levels Methods: 4D average male torso (2 cm diaphragmatic motion) produced by NCAT phantom was used for simulations. Emission sinograms generated by Eidolon PET simulator were reconstructed using iterative algorithm using STIR. The respiratory motion correction (RMC) applied to data sets using an automatic algorithm. Cross section views, activity profiles, contrast-to-noise ratios and left ventricle myocardium widths of corrected and noncorrected images were compared to investigate the effect of applied correction. Results: Comparison of respiratory motion corrected and non corrected images showed that the algorithm properly restores the left ventricle myocardium width, activity profile and improves contrast-to-noise ratios in all cases. Comparing the contrast recovery coefficient ( m Q )shows that the applied correction effected phases of number 7,8 and 9 of cardiac cycle more than the other 13 phases and the maximum value being 1.43±0.07 for phase number 8. The maximum value of ratio of the left ventricle myocardium width for non-RMC and RMC images along the line profile passing the apicobasal direction and along the line profile passing from the middle of the lateral wall of the left ventricle were 1.38±0.07 for phase number 9 and 1.12±0.03 for phases of number 8 and 9 respectively. Conclusion: Blurring and ghosting of each image depends on the speed of diaphragm during that respiratory phase. This simulation study demonstrates that respiratory motion correction has good overall effect on PET cardiac images and can reduces errors originating from diaphragmatic motion and deformation. Effect of such a correction varies from one cardiac phase to another and this depends on the blurring and ghosting of all respiratory phases used to form this cardiac phase. Using an automatic algorithm capable of correcting respiratory motion using full signal may be very useful to prevent lengthening of the overall scan time to obtain same motionless lesion signal levels.
Macroeconomic Impact of Refugee Inflow on West African Countries

This study investigated the macroeconomic effect of refugee inflow on West African Countries using a panel vector autoregressive approach over the period 1992 to 2018. Our results provide evidence that a positive refugee shock induces a positive effect on GDP per capita, government consumption and labour force. On the other hand, the effect of a shock to refugee exerts a negative effect on the fiscal balance of host Countries. The overall result from the variance decomposition indicates that refugees prefer to migrate to Countries with better economic activities as reflected by the GDP per capita and labour supply, even though the magnitude of contribution of refugees to economic activities is small and significant only in the short run. Hence, refugees do not constitute an economic burden to West African States, but however induce a negative effect on their fiscal balance via extra budgetary expenditure. This calls for a global response to refugee crisis with respect to its fiscal implication on host Countries. This may go a long way in averting another circle of crisis because refugees often exacerbate the worsening economic and social problems of host Countries, leading to increase in government consumption.
Enhanced D2D Communication Model in 5G Networks

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication model employs device-centric wireless connectivity. D2D maintains reliability of links, enhances spectrum utilization and energy consumption. Hence, it is expected to play an important role in 5th Generation (5G) mobile networks. However, D2D incurs challenges in resources management, and device discovery. This paper improves D2D performance by redefining and developing its clustering and communication models. Also, a context adaptive device proximity discovery technique is presented. The proposed proximity model uses several factors for accurate device measurements, this includes Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), network density and distance between participating devices. An intensive evaluation and comparison study was conducted. Results have confirmed that proposed D2D achieved an improved performance comparing to similar models by reducing overall end-to-end (E2E) delay and improving packet delivery ratio (PDR) in the network. During simulation scenarios, average PDR achieved was 93.2% and average E2E delay experienced was 2.9 ms.
Assessment and Prediction of Repair and Maintenance Costs of Tractors in Northern Nigeria

Tractor has been identified as the central machine in the farm. The repair and maintenance (R&M) costs of farm machineries including tractors have increasingly becomes difficult to estimate and evaluate. This study focuses on the assessment and prediction of farm machinery R&M cost at the Tractor Owners and Hiring Facilities Association of Nigeria (TOHFAN). The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical model that can predict and estimate the R&M cost (Y) of tractors with their working hours (X) based on the available data at TOHFAN. Two brands of the tractor models widely used in the country were chosen, namely, Mahindra 6005 and John Deere 5065E. Data obtained from the study were subjected to a trend analysis, thereby generating five regression models: the Linear, Logarithmic, Polynomial, Power, and Exponential models. The results of the analysis show that the Polynomial model gives a better cost estimate with higher confidence level and less variation for Mahindra 6005, while the Linear model provides a better cost estimate for John Deere 5065E. It was also established that the R&M costs of both tractors increase with the increase in working hours, which can be used in management decisions and business development.
Chapter 3H:Mercury: Biomarkers of Exposure and Human Biomonitoring

Mercury is one of the most toxic metals and occurs throughout the environment as a consequence of natural sources and human activity. Mercury species are broadly classified into three categories (the metallic form, also called the elemental form, the divalent inorganic forms, and organic mercury compounds), which have different toxicokinetic properties.The selection of biological media to assess human exposure depends on the mercury compounds, exposure pattern (e.g. chronic, acute) and time of sampling after the exposure. Exposure to elemental mercury is well represented by the presence of mercury in urine. Scalp hair has widely been used as a good indicator of methyl mercury exposure through the diet. As a biomarker of prenatal exposure, mercury in umbilical cord blood and not maternal blood is measured preferentially. In the blood, methyl mercury accumulates mainly in the red blood cells, while an exposure to elemental mercury leads to increased concentration of mercury in the plasma. Therefore, through the analysis of total mercury in these blood samples it is possible to differentiate between exposure to elemental and methyl mercury.Although the poisoning nature of mercury is well acknowledged, less known are the effects of mercury on humans as a consequence of long term exposure to low concentrations. In many cases the use of biomarkers, such as mercury concentrations in blood and urine, is not sufficient to assess the internal doses and potential effects on the central nervous system, kidney, the immune system, and other possible effects. Therefore, better scientific understanding of risks to human health, especially to those citizens living close to potentially contaminated sites and those exposed to low levels over a long period of time, is needed.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND NEW MEDIA

The 20 century portrayed power pack mass media platforms and now 21 century is making us witness revolutionary changes in communication and transportation instilled by new media (ICT) at precipitated speed and thus changing the process of globalization in society. This inevitably leads to predominantly cultural homogenization and fostering of intercultural dialogue. Up till now communication scientists have ignored intercultural communication as a distinct and discrete field of study or research has raised even more pressing issues for intercultural communication scholars and practitioners. It is imperative for intercultural communication researchers to further formulate strategically critical reflections on established theories and proven methods and to contemplate on past achievements and future directions. This paper explicates the significance of the condensed relationship between new media and intercultural communication, a vibrant discipline. The multicultural world is enhanced by the experiences of sojourners, immigrants, and others who successfully make the transition from one culture to another” (Kim, 2001) . Last fifty years have witnessed a steep rise in migration and this paper focuses on the ground breaking impact of new media on intercultural communication which has a powerful capacity to promote crossculture understanding, language, religion, social identity and gender differences. People from different cultures now communicate for social, professional and recreational requirements regardless of distance. Fortunately, it transports us into a 21st Century way of thinking about culture, communication, and new media. " (Kent A. Ono, Professor, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) This paper attempts to investigate the impact of using new media which have brought human interaction and society to a highly complex and interconnected level. My larger goal is to build meta-knowledge about the critical role that intercultural competences and effective technologies solutions that can play in global communication and international relations to enable individuals to control messages in interpersonal media. New media are ubiquitous, changing the landscape of intercultural communication (Shuter, 2011). This paper discusses area of education and crosscultural rhetoric on the use of persuasive digital technologies to enable intercultural competencies among students and teachers across the world. * Scholar, DA-IICT, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information, Communication & Technology University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Correspondence E-mail Id: editor@eurekajournals.com International Journal on Transformations of Media, Journalism & Mass Communication 11 Vol. 2, Issue 2 2017 © Eureka Journals 2017. All Rights Reserved. www.eurekajournals.com To lead a successful life in the 21 century, we have to have the ability to communicate in intercultural context. Intercultural communication has now become a necessity and no longer an option for a successful integration to enable individuals to control messages in interpersonal media.
Development and Validation of Montelukast with Grape/Licorice Juices and its Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies by LC/MS

A simple, rapid and sensitive simultaneous method for validation and determination of Montelukast in rat plasma in the presence of grape and licorice juices has been done by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/MS). A mixture of (77.5 % methanol, 22.5 % of 0.2% FA in water) was used as a mobile phase, ACE 5 C8 column (50 X 2.1 mm, 5μ), and a flow rate of 0.1 ml/min were used, the auto-sampler injection volume was 5 microliters, and candesartan was used as an internal standard. According to the result obtained, the precision of predicted measurements for Montelukast was good (mean CV % 0.05) of grape on Montelukast Cmax (163.492 ng/ml ±113.27). Neither licorice gives significant decrease in the Montelukast Cmax (143.861ng/ml ±54.52), its only delay the average Montelukast Cmax to half an hour. Even for the AUC, there were no significant difference between Montelukast alone and Montelukast with grape, and Montelukast with licorice (P>0.05). The kinetic data shows that Montelukast plasma level was the same with both combination of Montelukast and grape, and Montelukast and licorice.
Developing of valid and reliable stem test item for assessment of middle school

The fourth industrial revolution is linked to the 21st century. Education 4.0 must be improved or established in order to overcome the fourth industrial revolution. The main feature of Education 4.0 is the integration of technology and the STEM program at school. Standard and regular assessment and evaluation can improve education, including STEM and student learning achievement. The aim of this study was to develop valid and reliable STEM items for middle school students (MSS). The researcher developed 15 subjective and 5 objective questions and randomly selected 30 students from Etihad Private School. The test is validated by a senior lecture, an education school, Teknologi University Malaysia and an experienced teacher from Afghanistan. For both query forms, which have the Alpha value of the Cronbach subjective test item of 0.77 and the reliability factor for the objective test item of 0.8, the results indicate a reasonable reliability. Researchers proposed more study with a larger sample size and more random sampling method subjective questions, as well as the introduction of another criterion of reliability, such as test reliability, inter-rater reliability.
Ecosystem services, well‐being benefits and urbanization associations in a Small Island Developing State

1. Urbanization is a key driver of social and environmental change world-wide. However, our understanding of its impacts on the multidimensional well-being benefits that people obtain from ecosystems remains limited. 2. We explored how the well-being contributions from land- and seascapes varied with urbanization level in the Solomon Islands, a fast-urbanizing Small Island Developing State. Drawing on the social well-being framework, we compared perceived well-being benefits derived from ecosystem services in paired urban and rural sites. 3. Our analysis of 200 semi-structured interviews revealed complex associations between provisioning, regulating and cultural services and well-being benefits, with all ecosystem services contributing to material, relational and subjective wellbeing dimensions.
Characterization of D-Mannitol by Thermal Analysis, FTIR, and Raman Spectroscopy

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the classical tool used to study the thermodynamic properties of materials, including the glass transition (Tg). The melting behavior of D-mannitol has been studied by DSC. When Dmannitol is cooled from its molten state, it can be easily crystallized. Therefore, it is difficult to get a glassy state of D-mannitol by cooling in conventional DSC because of the slow cooling rate. Previously, the D-mannitol glass was achieved by quenching the molten outside of the DSC, for example, by contact with a –80 to –85 °C metal block for approximately 30 sec. Subsequent heat scanning from –30 °C at 7 °C/min was used to detect the glass transition. However, it is still difficult to obtain a welldefined glass transition because Dmannitol shows an immediate cold crystallization right after the glass transition, which makes the accurate determination of glass transition impossible. Since the Tg of Dmannitol cannot be measured directly in conventional DSC, it has to be inferred from other data, for example, by estimation from the melting point using a variety of scaling rules, or by introducing a small amount of sorbitol as an impurity to delay the D-mannitol crystallization and extrapolating the Tg of the mixture to zero sorbitol concentration to obtain the Tg of the pure D-mannitol.
DNA Sequences Classification with Deep Learning: A Survey

Deep learning (DL) methods have beenachieving amazing results in solving a variety ofproblems in many different fields especially in the areaof big data. With the advances of the big data era inbioinformatics, applying DL techniques, the DNAsequences can be classified with accurate and scalableprediction. The strength of DL methods come from thedevelopment of software and hardware, such asprocessing abilities graphical processing units (GPU) forthe hardware and new learning or inference algorithmsfor the software, which reducing the main primarydifficulties that faced the training process. In This work,we start from the previous classification methods such asalignment methods pointing out the problems, which areface to use these methods.After that, we demonstratedeep learning, from artificial neural networks to hyperparameter tuning, and the most recent state-of-the-artDL architectures used in DNA classification. After that,the paper ended with limitations and suggestions.