Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety symptoms among out-of-school adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) who are out of school are at higher risk of depressive and anxiety disorders compared to their school attending peers. However, little is known about the prevalence and risk factors for these conditions among out-of-school AGYW. This study examines the prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated factors in a community sample of out-of-school AGYW in Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from an on-going cluster randomized controlled trial in North-West Tanzania was conducted. A total of 3013 out-of-school AGYW aged 15 to 23 years from 30 clusters were included. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), a tool comprising of PHQ-2 and Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD-2) screeners. Data were collected using Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI). A random-effects logistic regression was fitted for binary outcomes and an ordinal logistic regression model with robust variance was used to adjust for clustering at the village level. Logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression were used to explore the associations between mental disorders symptoms and other factors. Results The prevalence of depressive (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) and anxiety (GAD-2 ≥ 3) symptoms among out-of-school AGYW were 36% (95% CI 33.8%-37.3%) and 31% (95% CI 29.0%-32.3%) respectively. Further, using the PHQ-4 tool, 33% (95% CI 30.8%-34.2%) had mild, 20% (95% CI 18.3%-21.1%) moderate and 6% (95% CI 5.5%-7.2%) had severe symptoms of anxiety and depression. After adjusting for other covariates, two factors most strongly associated with having anxiety symptoms were violence experience from sexual partners (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.36–1.96) and HIV positive status (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.03–2.31). Likewise, living alone, with younger siblings or others (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.47–4.29) and violence experience from sexual partners (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.59–2.27) were strongly associated with depression symptoms. Having savings (AOR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70–0.95) and emotional support (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.67–0.99) were protective against depression and anxiety, respectively. Conclusion Depressive and anxiety symptoms are prevalent among out-of-school AGYW in Tanzania. The findings emphasize the need to strengthen preventive interventions and scale-up mental health disorder screening, referral for diagnosis and management.
Nomogram to Predict the Benefit of Intensive Treatment for Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer

Purpose: Previous studies indicate that the benefit of therapy depends on patients' risk for cancer recurrence relative to noncancer mortality (ω ratio). We sought to test the hypothesis that patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) with a higher ω ratio selectively benefit from intensive therapy. Experimental Design: We analyzed 2,688 patients with stage III–IVB HNC undergoing primary radiotherapy (RT) with or without systemic therapy on three phase III trials (RTOG 9003, RTOG 0129, and RTOG 0522). We used generalized competing event regression to stratify patients according to ω ratio and compared the effectiveness of intensive therapy as a function of predicted ω ratio (i.e., ω score). Intensive therapy was defined as treatment on an experimental arm with altered fractionation and/or multiagent concurrent systemic therapy. A nomogram was developed to predict patients' ω score on the basis of tumor, demographic, and health factors. Analysis was by intention to treat. Results: Decreasing age, improved performance status, higher body mass index, node-positive status, P16-negative status, and oral cavity primary predicted a higher ω ratio. Patients with ω score ≥0.80 were more likely to benefit from intensive treatment [5-year overall survival (OS), 70.0% vs. 56.6%; HR of 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.94; P = 0.016] than those with ω score <0.80 (5-year OS, 46.7% vs. 45.3%; HR of 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92-1.14; P = 0.69; P = 0.019 for interaction). In contrast, the effectiveness of intensive therapy did not depend on risk of progression. Conclusions: Patients with HNC with a higher ω score selectively benefit from intensive treatment. A nomogram was developed to help select patients for intensive therapy.
Strain-photoacoustic imaging as a potential tool for characterizing intestinal fibrosis.

The accurate diagnosis of the composition of intestinal strictures is critical in the management of Crohn’s disease (CD) [1], as inflammatory strictures may respond to anti-inflammatory therapy, but late-stage fibrotic strictures require surgical resection. In addition, the intestinal expression of extracellular matrix genes, i.e. fibrosis, is an important predictor of future complicated and obstructive CD [2]. Mucosal biopsies are limited by sampling depth, rarely reaching the muscular layers where fibrosis occurs. Conventional imaging modalities can identify the presence of intestinal strictures by structural changes [3]. However, none of the modalities can assess the pathological markers of fibrosis in contrast to inflammation [3]. Previous studies by us and other groups have examined detecting collagen deposition in intestinal fibrosis using magnetization transfer MRI [4] and photoacoustic (PA) imaging [5-7]. Our pilot study using ultrasound (US) elastography has demonstrated that the increased stiffness is a mechanical biomarker of intestinal fibrosis [8]. A challenge in quantitative elastography of the intestinal stricture is that the stress
Withdrawal: Maturation of lipoprotein lipase in the endoplasmic reticulum: Concurrent formation of functional dimers and inactive aggregates.

Withdrawal: Maturation of lipoprotein lipase in the endoplasmic reticulum: Concurrent formation of functional dimers and inactive aggregates. Osnat Ben-Zeev, Hui Z. Mao, and Mark H. Doolittle This article has been withdrawn by Osnat Ben-Zeev and Mark H. Doolittle. Hui Z. Mao could not be reached. Fig. 3A contained several duplicated regions. Figs. 3, B and C; 5B; 6, B and C; 7, A and B; and 8, A and B, were inappropriately manipulated. WITHDRAWALS/RETRACTIONS
Transketolase of Staphylococcus aureus is involved in the control of master regulators of stress response during infection.

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of both acute and chronic infections in humans. The importance of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) during S. aureus infection is currently largely unexplored. Here, we focused on one key PPP enzyme, transketolase. We showed that inactivation of the unique gene encoding transketolase activity in S. aureus USA300 (∆tkt) led to drastic metabolomic changes. Using time-lapse video imaging and mice infection, we observed a major defect of the ∆tkt strain compared to wild-type strain in early intracellular proliferation and in the ability to colonise kidneys. Transcriptional activity of the two master regulators Sigma B and RpiRc was drastically reduced in the ∆tkt mutant during host cells invasion. The concomitant increased RNAIII transcription, suggests that TKT -or a functional PPP- strongly influences the ability of S. aureus to proliferate within host cells by modulating key transcriptional regulators.
A cost‐effective approach to factor assay calibration using a truncated live calibration curve

The measurements of clotting factor activities are usually performed using a one‐stage clotting assay (OSA) or chromogenic substrate assay (CSA). Advances in automated coagulation analysers have led to the utilization of stored calibration curves. There are sometimes substantial intervals between test calibration and analysis of samples. Variability in results can be influenced by calibrant and methodology. Several guidelines recommend calibration and patient samples be performed together in parallel; this incurs costs, but reliance on a stored calibration curve may lead to inaccuracy of results over time.
Faecalibacterium diversity in dairy cow milk

The bacterial species, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, beneficial to humans and animals and found in mammalian and avian gut, is also occasionally found in dairy cow milk. It is one of the butyrate-producing bacteria of the colon, has anti-inflammatory properties and its abundance in the gut is negatively correlated with obesity in humans. Several strains differing in their functional capability, have been identified. It is important therefore, milk being a potential source of F. prausnitzii as a novel probiotic, to investigate the diversity of this species in bovine milk. Using 16s rRNA gene amplicons we find 292 different dereplicated Faecalibacterium-related amplicons in a herd of 21 dairy cows. The distribution of the 20 most abundant amplicons with >97% identity to a Greengenes OTU varies from cow to cow. Clustering of the 292 pooled sequences from all cows at 99.6% identity finds 4 likely Faecalibacterium phylotypes with >98.5% identity to an F. prausnitzii reference sequence. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis shows these phylotypes are distinct from 34 other species from the Ruminococcaceae family and displaying the sequence clusters as a network illustrates how each cluster is composed of sequences from multiple cows. We conclude there are several phylotypes of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (the only species so far defined for the genus) in this dairy herd with cows being inoculated with a mixture of several strains from a common source. We conclude that not only can Faecalibacterium be detected in dairy cow milk (as noted by others) but that there exist multiple different strains in the milk of a dairy herd. Therefore milk, as an alternative to faeces, offers the opportunity of discovering new strains with potential probiotic application.
Varying Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Acute Effects on Human Split-Thickness Autografts.

INTRODUCTION Over 6.5 million people in the United States suffer from traumatic, burn, acute and chronic wounds yearly. When reconstruction is required, split and full-thickness autografts are a first line of treatment intervention. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is gaining traction as an adjunct modality to improve graft survival yet the specifics on what settings to apply topically over the graft is unsubstantiated and associated with morbidities. This study was performed in an effort to understand initial changes in wound and graft healing with a long-term goal of surface pressure optimization. METHODS Excess skin from elective procedures from 6 human subjects was trimmed to 0.012" in order represent a split-thickness autografts. These grafts were treated continuously with either -75 mmHg (n= 4), -125 mmHg (n=4), or no pressure (n=4) for 3 hours. Six skin grafts were treated with no sponge or pressure control (n= 6). RNAseq was performed on all treatment groups and compared to no pressure control. Significant gene expression changes with a subset focusing on inflammatory, cellular/ECM proliferation, and angiogenic mediators and having greater than 2-fold were confirmed with IHC staining. RESULTS There are 95 significant gene transcription differences among all treatment groups. NPWT leads to significantly increased gene expression of FGFR1, ET-1 and 22 Keratin proteins. Between -75 and -125 mmHg groups there are 19 significant gene changes. Proinflammatory genes S100A8 and Tenacin C (TNC) demonstrate an 8.8 and 9.1 fold change respectively and is upregulated in -125mmHg group and downregulated in -75 mmHg group. Fibrinogen genes FGG and FGA had respective log2fold changes of -7.9 and -7.4 change between treatment groups, and were downregulated in -125mmHg group and upregulated in -75 mmHg group. CONCLUSIONS There are varying effects of surface pressures on human split-thickness autografts during the imbibition time period. NPWT may improve cellular migration, proliferation and angiogenesis over controls. Human skin grafts respond differently to -125 and -75mmHg within 3 hours of NPWT treatment. The results suggest -75 mmHg leads to less inflammation and increased fibrinogen production compared to the -125 mmHg group, at least initially. Reducing 'time to heal' with NPWT is critical to successful outcomes and quality of life within young patients who often experience pain/discomfort when treated at the current standard pump settings. APPLICABILITY OF RESEARCH TO PRACTICE The results from this study and continued investigation may quickly translate to the clinical setting by finding the ideal pressure setting utilized in an effort to reduce NPWT length of treatment, improve patient comfort, satisfaction and psychosocial well-being.
Development of a PCR‐based method to monitor arthropod dispersal in agroecosystems: Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) from banker plants to tomato crops

Development of conservation biological control programs requires the identification of sources that contribute to predator colonization of crops. Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an efficient polyphagous predator used in biological control programs in vegetable crops in Europe. We have developed a marking method based on spraying with a solution of the brine shrimp Artemia spp. (Anostraca: Artemiidae) cysts, followed by a PCR detection of Artemia DNA to monitor M. pygmaeus dispersal from banker plants to tomato crops. Experiments conducted in climatic chambers show that the topical application of this marking solution on M. pygmaeus does not significantly reduce adult longevity and that it is detected up to 6 d after the application. When this Artemia solution was applied on Calendula officinalis L. banker plants harboring M. pygmaeus and maintained outdoors, Artemia DNA was still detected on 62% of the insects after 6 d. The conducted field applications in commercial greenhouses have confirmed the usefulness of this method to monitor M. pygmaeus dispersal from banker plants to a newly planted tomato crop. This method can be used to assess arthropod movement, being an interesting molecular approach for further improving future pest management strategies.
The potential for inoculating Lactobacillus animalis and Enterococcus faecium alone or in combination using commercial in ovo technology without negatively impacting hatch and post-hatch performance

The poultry industry has recently undergone transitions into antibiotic free production, and viable antibiotic alternatives, such as probiotics, are necessary. Through in ovo probiotic inoculation, beneficial microflora development in the gastrointestinal tract may occur prior to hatch without negatively impacting chick performance. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to observe the impacts of the injection of probiotic bacteria individually or combined into fertile broiler hatching eggs on hatch and live performance characteristics. A total of 2,080 fertile broiler hatching eggs were obtained from a commercial source. On day 18 of incubation, 4 in ovo injected treatments were applied: 1. ) Marek's Disease (HVT) vaccination, 2. ) L. animalis (∼106 cfu/50μl), 3. ) E. faecium (∼106 cfu/50μl), and 4. ) L. animalis + E. faecium (∼106 cfu & ∼106 cfu/50μl each). On day of hatch, hatchability and hatch residue data were recorded. A portion of male chicks from each treatment were placed in a grow-out facility for a 21 d grow-out (18 chicks/pen × 10 pens/treatment = 720 male chicks) with a corn and soy bean meal-based diet without antibiotics or antibiotic alternatives. Performance data and gastrointestinal samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Results indicated no differences in all hatch parameters between treatments (P > 0.05) except for % pipped, where the L. animalis treatment had lower % pipped eggs compared to the HVT control and E. faecium treatments (P = 0.04). No differences were observed in body weight gain or mortality (P > 0.05). Probiotic treatments altered gastrointestinal tissue length, weight, and pH. This resulted in all in ovo injected probiotic treatments increasing feed conversion ratio (FCR) from days 7 to 14 as compared to the control (P = 0.01). Differences in FCR were not observed in any other week of data collection (days 0 to 7, 14 to 21, or 0 to 21; P > 0.05). Although probiotics altered live performance from days 7 to 14, these data suggest that in ovo inoculations of L. animalis and E. faecium in combination are viable probiotic administration practices that potentially improve hatch characteristics and gastrointestinal tract development.
Psychometrics properties of the Team Interaction Scale and influencing factors of team interaction of tertiary hospital physicians in China: a cross-sectional study

Objectives To administer a cross-cultural adaptation of the Team Interaction Scale (TIS), test its psychometric properties and investigate influencing factors of team interactions in a physician population in Chinese tertiary hospitals. Design Cross-sectional survey. Settings Two rounds of surveys, a pilot and a large sampling survey, were conducted in two and nine tertiary hospitals, respectively, in Liaoning Province, China. Participants In the pilot survey, 363 of 390 physicians sampled were included in the analysis, resulting in an effective response rate of 93.08%. In the large sampling survey, the effective response rate was 89.10% (3653 of 4100 physicians). Outcome measures The TIS and a short version of a burn-out scale were administrated to assess the physician’s team interaction and burn-out. Psychometric properties of TIS were tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and internal consistency analysis. Gender, age, discipline, education level, professional title, hospital scale and burn-out were explored as influencing factors with independent sample t-tests, one-way analyses of variance and a correlation analysis. Results Based on CFA, a 17-item modified scale was developed following the pilot survey. In the large sampling survey, EFA was conducted with half of the samples, producing six dimensions: ‘Communication’, ‘Coordination’, ‘Mutual help’, ‘Team goals’, ‘Work norms’ and ‘Cohesion and conflict resolution’. Fit of the modified model was confirmed by CFA with the other half of the samples (root mean square error of approximation=0.067, Comparative Fit Index=0.98, Normed Fit Index=0.97, Goodness of Fit Index=0.94, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index=0.92). A high Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.98 demonstrated reliability of the modified scale. The Team Interaction Score was significantly lower in younger physicians, in men, in paediatricians and in physicians from larger-scale tertiary hospitals. Team Interaction Scores were negatively associated with burn-out. Conclusions The adapted TIS, containing 17 items and six dimensions, was reliable and valid for Chinese tertiary hospital physicians. To address physician burn-out, team interaction should be highlighted.
Factors Associated With Use of Telemedicine for Follow‐up of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Telemedicine is increasingly being offered to patients for rheumatology care, but few studies have examined factors associated with telemedicine use or outcomes of telemedicine in rheumatology. The objective of this analysis was to determine factors associated with the use of video telemedicine when offered as part of usual care for follow‐up of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Forecasting Non-Causal Processes

This research explores the forecast quality of a non-causal autoregressive model compared to existing causal models. The forecasted data consists of electricity, gas and oil prices. Different degrees of freedom in the error term of the non-causal model and different forecast horizons, up to 12 months, are tested. Overall the non-causal forecasts perform comparable to causal and vector autoregressive model forecasts according to Diebold Mariano tests for electricity and gas data. For oil data the non-causal forecasts perform worse. Lower degrees of freedom are favored in the non-causal models. Parameter estimations converge in the non-causal model, therefore the results are robust.
M ay 2 01 7 KlusTree : Clustering Answer Trees from Keyword Search on Graphs Madhulika Mohanty

Graph structured data on the web is now massive as well as diverse, ranging from social networks, web graphs to knowledge-bases. Effectively querying this graph structured data is non-trivial and has led to research in a variety of directions – structured queries, keyword and natural language queries, automatic translation of these queries to structured queries, etc. We are concerned with a class of queries called relationship queries, which are usually expressed as a set of keywords (each keyword denoting a named entity). The results returned are a set of ranked trees, each of which denotes relationships among the various keywords. The result list could consist of hundreds of answers. The problem of keyword search on graphs has been explored for over a decade now, but an important aspect that is not as extensively studied is that of user experience. We propose KlusTree, which presents clustered results to the users instead of a list of all the results. In our approach, the result trees are represented using language models and are clustered using JS divergence as a distance measure. We compare KlusTree with the well-known approaches based on isomorphism and tree-edit distance based clustering. The user evaluations show that KlusTree outperforms the other two in providing better clustering, thereby enriching user experience, revealing interesting patterns and improving result interpretation by the user.
WP / 17 / 110 Can They Do It All ? Fiscal Space in Low-Income Countries

According to U.N. estimates, low-income countries will have to increase their annual public spending by up to 30 percent of GDP to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), raising the question of whether they can do it all. This paper develops a new metric of fiscal space in low-income countries that accounts for macroeconomic uncertainty, allowing us to assess whether those spending needs can be accommodated. Illustrative simulations based on this methodology imply that, even under benign conditions, the fiscal space available in lowincome countries is likely insufficient to undertake the spending needed to achieve the SDGs. Improving public investment efficiency and domestic revenue mobilization can somewhat narrow the gap but it will require major efforts relative to recent trends. JEL Classification Numbers: E62, H62, H63