Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Lossy Image Compression using FMM & THV=10

A digital image is a 2D pixel matrix where each position of pixel gives a color information for image in bits format. On the basis of this bits format image is classified as 2 bit, 6 bit, 8 bit, 16 bit, 24 bit & 32 bit, but storing an image in bits format require a high amount of storage to store. As the digital devices has limited storage & transmission capability we need to compress the image by some suitable method to satisfy this limitation. Present paper embed the FMM in Lossy image compression process & analysis the output results & then embed the THV = 10 in lossy image process & finally gives a comparison between these two method on the basis of MSE, PSNR & CR & try to identify which one method is more suitable.
Exploring density‐dependent relationships in demographic parameters in populations of birds at a large spatial scale

The importance of density-dependent processes in natural populations is widely accepted, but the issue of the shape of density-dependent relationships (such as influenced by vagueness, or time-delay) remains unresolved. We explored the density-dependent relationships in demographic parameters for 12 species of birds in Britain using large-scale, long-term data sets. We predicted that a negative relation between density and demographic parameters should be observed for the stable species, whereas the decreasing or increasing species should display a positive relation if the environment changes progressively through time bringing about a continuous change in density dependence. Our prediction was verified for nine species out of 12; however, we observed, for the three remaining species, a significant decrease of survival rates through time that seems to be involved in a long-term population decline. In all cases where a density-dependent relation was found, we observed an important variance around the relation. In one case, we showed that this variance increased significantly with density. We found evidence for time-delayed effects of density dependence both for survival and breeding performance. In two species, our results suggest the existence of complex interactions (compensatory mechanisms) between survival and breeding performance or between the different components of breeding performance.
Design of custom ASIC for front-end electronics in a 130 nm CMOS process

Researchers at Birkeland center of space science at the University of Bergen is developing an instrument to be attached to a satellite, to measure energetic particles in the atmosphere and particle precipitation. This instrument will consist of a radiation sensor developed by SINTEF and custom electronics developed at the University of Bergen. This thesis covers the development and simulations of aforementioned electronics. The process of designing and developing a charge sensitive amplifier, a shaping amplifier and bias current supply circuit. A functional amplifier was designed and implemented and its functionality is proven with simulation results. Some work remains to make the amplifier, fully functional according to the requirements of the instrument.
The Effect of the Duration of the Excreta Collection Period on the True Metabolizable Energy Values of Feedingstuffs with Slow Rates of Passage

Abstract An experiment was made to study the effect of the duration of the excreta collection period on the true metabolizable energy (TME) values of 8 samples of dehydrated alfalfa, 2 samples of menhaden fish meal, and one each of peanut skins and wheat. The TME values of alfalfa and fish meal were lower and less variable when the collection period was extended from 24 to 48 hr. This confirms that the residues of these feedingstuffs are not completely voided within 24 hr. The TME value of wheat was not changed by extending the collection period. The TME values of peanut skins were erratic and the product requires further investigation. The TME values of alfalfa tended to increase as the protein content increased and as the sum of crude fibre + ash decreased. It is recommended that the excreta collection period be extended beyond 24 hr for materials having slow rates of passage.
Demarcating Epidemiology

Although epidemiology as a scientific study of disease in populations claimed an independent disciplinary status already in the mid–nineteenth century, its history in the twentieth century can be seen as a continuous and often contentious attempt to define the field’s social and intellectual boundaries vis-à-vis a variety of neighboring scientific fields and public health practices. In a period dominated by laboratory biomedical sciences, epidemiologists repeatedly tried to spell out how their discipline met the requirements of scientificity despite its focus on disease as a collective phenomenon and its reliance on nonlaboratory methods. This article asks about the relationship between the changing institutional and intellectual contexts of British epidemiological practice and the epidemiologists’attempts to define both science in general and epidemiology in particular. An examination of the epidemiologists’boundary-making endeavors is also used to reflect on the circumstances in which scientists engage in the discourse of disciplinary demarcations.
Growth Mindset for Human Resource Development: A Scoping Review of the Literature with Recommended Interventions

Although the concept of mindsets is relatively ubiquitous in the common press and well-studied in the education literature, the idea of a growth mindset, rooted in implicit theories is less represented in human resource development (HRD) scholarly literature. Given that absence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of a growth mindset on HRD outcomes. To achieve this purpose, we conducted a scoping literature review including research conducted globally and in a wide variety of organizations. Based on the empirical findings, we discuss three categories of HRD outcomes of mindsets: (a) individual-level outcomes (e.g., work engagement, creativity, task performance, job satisfaction), (b) dyadic-level outcomes (e.g., supervisor-employee relationship and conflict resolution), and (c) organizational-level outcomes (e.g., organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational growth mindset). We synthesize several suggestions for growth mindset interventions emphasizing career development, training and development, and organizational development for HRD practitioners. Research implications and future research suggestions for HRD scholars are presented.
Back-iron design-based electromagnetic regenerative tuned mass damper

Implementation of tuned mass dampers is the commonly used approach to avoid excessive vibrations in civil engineering. However, due to the absence of the compact dimension, there are still no practical applications of the tuned mass dampers in automotive industry. Meanwhile, recent investigations showed the benefit of utilizing a tuned mass damper in a vehicle suspension in terms of driving comfort and road holding. Thus, the current investigation aimed to explore a novel compact dimension tuned mass damper, which can provide both sufficient vibration mitigation and energy harvesting. This paper presents a prototype of a back-iron-based design of an electromagnetic regenerative tuned mass damper. The mathematical model of the tuned mass damper system was developed and has been validated by the experimental results of the tuned mass damper prototype implemented in a protected mass test-bench. The indicated results concluded that the attenuation performance dramatically deteriorated under random excitations and a reduction in the root-mean-square acceleration of 18% is concluded compared to the case with undamped tuned mass damper. Under harmonic excitations, the designed tuned mass damper prototype is able to reduce the peak acceleration value of the protected structure by 79%. According to the experimental results, the designed tuned mass damper prototype revealed a peak regenerative power of 0.76 W under a harmonic excitation of 8.1 Hz frequency 125 × 10 - 6 m amplitude. Given the simulated random road profiles from C to E, the back-iron electromagnetic tuned mass damper indicated that root-mean-square harvested power from 0.6 to 6.4 W, respectively.
Intraspecific Phylogeography of the Least Brook Lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera)

Abstract We examined the phylogeography of the Least Brook Lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera) to recognize phylogenetically distinct clades within this species and to estimate the relative contributions of vicariance and dispersal to the distribution of genetic variation. A combined data set from mitochondrial ND3 and control region sequences identified 23 unique haplotypes among 21 populations. Eleven highly differentiated clades within L. aepyptera were detected. Their distributions correspond to different drainages and/or locations within drainage. Clades differed by an average of 4.5% (range 2.5–9.0%) sequence divergence. Only two haplotypes were shared among any populations. Considerable differentiation among adjacent drainages and limited sharing of haplotypes suggested little historical or contemporary gene flow. Although clades were highly differentiated, resolution of clade relationships was limited. The presence of highly differentiated clades in different drainages suggests that vicariance has had a profound effect on the distribution of genetic variation in L. aepyptera. The lack of resolution of clade relationships within this species suggested a single event that simultaneously isolated many of these populations. Rising sea levels causing a marine incursion into the Mississippi embayment during the Pliocene could have been such an event.
Stress response index for adverse childhood experience based on fusion of hypothalamus pituitary adrenocorticol and autonomic nervous system biomarkers

Early life exposure to stress such as adverse childhood experiences has been suggested to cause changes in physiological processes and alteration in stress response magnitude which might have significant impact on health later in life. For this reason, detection of this altered stress response can be used as an indicator for future health. To date, there is no study that utilized this information to indicate future health. In order to detect the altered stress response, biomarkers that represent both Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocorticol (HPA) is proposed. Among the available biomarkers, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been proven as a powerful biomarker that represents ANS. Meanwhile, salivary cortisol has been suggested as a biomarker that reflects the HPA. Even though many studies used multiple biomarkers to measure the stress response, the results for each biomarker were analysed separately. Therefore, this study fuses the biomarker that represents both ANS and HPA as a single measure, proposes a new method to classify the stress response based on adverse childhood experience in the form of stress response index as a future health indicator. Electrocardiograph, blood pressure, pulse rate and Salivary Cortisol (SCort) were collected from 23 participants, 12 participants who had adverse childhood experience while the remaining 11 act as the control group. The recording session was done during a Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). HRV features were then extracted from the electrocardiograph (ECG) using time, frequency, time-frequency analysis, and wavelet transform. Following this, genetic algorithm was implemented to select a subset of 12 HRV features from 83 features. Next, the selected HRV features were combined with other biomarkers using parallel and serial fusion for performance comparison. Using Support Vector Machine (SVM), results showed that fused feature of the parallel fusion, so-called Euclidean distance (ed), demonstrated the highest performance with 80.0% accuracy, 83.3% sensitivity and 78.3% specificity. Finally, the fused feature of the Euclidean distance was fed into SVM in order to model the stress response index as an indicator for future health. This index was validated using all samples and achieved 91.3% accuracy. From this study, a new method based on HRV-SCort biomarker using Euclidean distance and SVM named as ed-SVM was proven to be an effective method to classify the stress response and could further be used to model a stress response index. This index can then be benefited as an indicator for future health to improve the health care management in adulthood.
The Effect of Marijuana Legalization on Jail Populations in Washington State

In 2012, Washington State legalized the production, sale, and possession of marijuana through Initiative 502. Advocates of legalization argued that it would decrease the jail population and reduce the disproportionate incarceration of minorities, reasoning that the police would refocus their resources on other matters. In order to evaluate this assumption, we examined jail booking data using a set of interrupted time-series regression models. Our findings indicate that jail population trends differ among counties across time and with respect to impacts on minorities and women. With regard to ethnic and racial disproportionate impact, there appears to be little positive change.
It ain't what you do, it's the way that you do it: Design guidelines to better support online browsing

Many authors have proposed guidelines for online browsing systems, however recently empirical research has added depth to these requirements. There has also been a spate of development in online browsing systems, particularly for library shelf browsing. These strands of research are clearly in service of providing better browsing options in an increasingly online library environment, however they have not yet been brought together. In this paper we use a recent empirical study and a survey of the literature to generate a comprehensive list of requirements for browsing interfaces. We will then compare that list to the interface features of a range of different book browsing interfaces, demonstrating why they may be more or less effective, and signpost development of more effective online browsing.
Epidermal and Phytochemical Studies in the Genus Boerhuviu (Nyctaginaceae) in Nigeria

AbstractBoerhavia species are widely used in African traditional medicine. Four species of the genus occurring in Nigeria have been investigated morphologically and phytochemically. Epidermal cells are either polygonal in shape with straight anticlinal walls or irregular with curved or undulate walls. The cells are variable in size and thickness both within and among species. Anomocytic stomata are found in all species except in B. difffusa where a mixture of both anomocytic and anisocytic types occur. Trichomes are uniseriate and unbranched but are variable in size, distribution and abundance. These features are discussed in relation to the practical identification of the taxa. Phytochemically, screening showed that all species contain flavonoid or phenolic constituents while only traces of alkaloids and tannins are present. Free or combined anthraquinones and saponins were not detectable in any of the four taxa screened.
Crystal Structure Analysis of ω-Amino Acid: Pyruvate Aminotransferase with a Newly Developed Weissenberg Camera and an Imaging Plate Using Synchrotron Radiation

Abstract The three-dimensional structure of omega-amino acid:pyruvate aminotransferase from Pseudomonas sp. F-126, an isologous alpha 4 tetramer containing pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor, has been determined at 2.0 A resolution. The diffraction data were collected with a newly developed Weissenberg camera with a Fuji Imaging Plate, using synchrotron radiation. The mean figure-of-merit was 0.57. The subunit is rich in secondary structure and comprises two domains. PLP is located in the large domain. The high homology in the secondary structure between this enzyme and aspartate aminotransferase strongly indicates that these two types of enzymes have evolved from a common ancestor.
Computational Modelling of Transonic Circulation Control

This Ph.D. thesis focusses upon computational fluid dynamics simulations of circulation control in transonic freestream speeds for applications to unmanned combat air vehicles. The work addresses Coanda shape designs and their effectiveness for transonic circulation control using supersonic jets, with comparisons against traditional control surfaces. Previous works have thus far only investigated transonic circulation control on elliptical sectioned wings with unrepresentatively thick trailing edges and improvements in performance made by considering elliptical Coanda devices or increasing radii of curvature. In this work, a supercritical aerofoil was first modified to accommodate a small Coanda surface with minimal effects on the base drag and a comparison made between the performance of using several Coanda designs and a hinged control surface. The use of a step was demonstrated to make a circulation control device with a simple converging nozzle as effective as ailerons and flaps up to moderate deflection angles and that the limitations are due to breakdowns in the mean flow in a similar fashion to traditional devices. In addition an optimisation study was performed using modern numerical methods on the contouring of the Coanda surface, which identified a shape that performed well for both transonic and subsonic freestream conditions. Circulation control was then applied to a three-dimensional unmanned combat air vehicle planform and assessed at transonic conditions for use in roll, pitch and yaw control. From the range of conditions investigated the findings suggest that, for a three-dimensional representative geometry, circulation control can match the performance of conventional controls for roll and pitch. The results also suggest that for benign transonic conditions, circulation control can also provide control similar effectiveness to split flaps for yaw control. The findings open up insights into transonic circulation control and hopefully will promote further research in both academia and industry, where a lack of CFD validation quality experimental data for a transonic test case with supersonic blowing prohibits the technology from advancing.
Phylogenetic Implications of Glires (Eurymylidae, Mimotonidae, Rodentia, Lagomorpha) Incisor Enamel Microstructure

Incisor enamel schmelzmuster of Rodentia is characterized by the presence of Hunter-Schreger bands (HSB). A two-layered schmelzmuster with HSB in the portio interna (PI) and radial enamel in the portio externa (PE) apparently represent the grundplan of the Rodentia. During later rodent history in some groups new enamel layers were added (e.g. Muroidea) or the PE was lost in a few taxa, but pauciserial, multiserial, or uniserial HSB always remain a typical element of rodent incisor enamel. Within Lagomorpha the differences in the incisor schmelzmuster are greater. Leporidae is characterized by a singlelayered schmelzmuster with thick multilayered HSB resembling the multiserial HSB of Rodentia. Ochotonidae lacks HSB in upper incisors, and in lower incisors only a thin layer of weakly developed HSB is intercalated between radial and tangential enamel. In Paleocene Eurymylidae a single-layered schmelzmuster with plesiomorph radial enamel (cf. Eomylus and “Sinomylus”) is present which closely resembles the schmelzmuster of Tribosphenomys. In Eocene Eurymylidae a double-layered schmelzmuster with multilayered HSB (cf. Rhombomylus. probably congeneric with Gomphos sp. indet.) occurs, and in Rhombomylus sp. indet. (small) from China a single-layered schmelzmuster with HSB was found. The Mimotonidae studied exhibit a double-layered schmelzmuster with multilayered HSB resembling the pauciserial condition (Mimotonidae gen. et sp. indet.). The eurymylid Decipomys mongoliensis has a double-layered schmelzmuster with tangential enamel in the PI and radial enamel in the PE. For Glires, a single-layered schmelzmuster with radial enamel is plesiomorphic. From this stage a doublelayered schmelzmuster with an inner zone of HSB and an outer zone of retained radial enamel evolved. In Leporidae, the outer zone with radial enamel was reduced, resulting in a single-layered schmelzmuster with HSB. In Rodentia, a two-layered schmelzmuster was retained. Understanding of the ochotonid schmelzmuster requires a more extensive survey of fossil ochotonids; possibly Ochotonidae split off much earlier than hitherto believed.
Environmental Kuznets Curve: An Application of Heterogeneous Panel Methods Robust to Cross Sectional Dependence and Structural Breaks

The present study aims to compare the estimates of different panel data estimation techniques by taking the example of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Plethora of research is available to determine relationship between environmental degradation and output. However in literature it is evident that when the assumptions of estimation technique change, coefficients also get changed (Stern 2003). Therefore; it is important to reinvestigate the EKC using several panel data techniques. The primary objective of this study is to estimate the heterogeneous parameters and finding the cross sectional dependence of the large sample panel data. For this purpose, the present study will not only rely on conventional panel data techniques but will also use 2 generation tests of cointegration. Further presence of structural breaks is also a phenomenon which cannot be ignored in presence of long panel data.
Energy Scheduling for Networked Microgrids With Co-Generation and Energy Storage

This paper proposes an online algorithm for energy storage management in networked microgrids (MGs) with co-generation based on the concept of quality-of-service in electricity (QoSE). The concept of networked MG with distributed renewable energy supply and co-generation makes power supply smarter for electricity/heat using, which has advantages of increasing power supply efficiency and reliability by coordinately scheduling the power supply in a networked way. The demands include quality usage of electricity load and heat. The networked MG central controller aims to minimize the operation cost and guarantee the outage probability of quality usage, i.e., QoSE, by scheduling electricity among renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, co-generation, and external utility market. We formulate the problem as a stochastic programming problem with QoSE and battery capacity constraints. By introducing the QoSE virtual queues and energy storage virtual queues, we transform the original problem into a problem that is applicable to employ the Lyapunov optimization technique. The proposed algorithm is an online algorithm with low complexity for practical implementation, and also provides several deterministic performance bounds. We perform extensive simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which exhibits significant efficiency on operation cost reduction compared with an alternative benchmark solution.