Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power Supply Architectures for Wireless Systems with Discontinuous Consumption

Many wireless systems develop in present days relay on discontinuous transmission and reception or TDD access technology, (Time Division Duplex), as this way of operation has several advantages, provided it is not required a dedicated link based only on FDD access, (Frequency Division Duplex). The used of TDD access improves the spectral efficiency, which increases the number of communication channels available sharing the same spectrum resources, besides, it enhances the energetic efficiency of the system as the hardware only works during a limited period of time and, in spite of the FDD access technique, which requires a continuous power transmission, is becoming more popular through communication systems like WIFI, MIMO and the like, the road maps for 4G radio access technologies are based on both TDD and FDD (E. Dahlman et al.,2006). The new LTE, (3GPP Long Term Evolution), standard for 3GPP flexible spectrum usage is supported through FDD/TDD harmonisation, where there is a convergence between paired spectrum and unpaired spectrum solutions (K. Fazel & S. Kaiser, 2008). To illustrate the basic time domain behaviour of the TDD and FDD channels, Fig. 1 represents their simplified time versus frequency channel distribution. The Fig. 1 provides hints of how the communication access scheme affects several parameters of the wireless system. The present chapter discusses those issues concerning the power supply system which reverts back to the general performance of wireless systems.
The sign problem and Abelian lattice duality

For a large class of Abelian lattice models with sign problems, including the case of non-zero chemical potential, duality maps models with complex actions into dual models with real actions. For extended regions of parameter space, calculable for each model, duality resolves the sign problem for both analytic methods and computer simulations. Explicit duality relations are given for models for spin and gauge models based on Z(N) and U(1) symmetry groups. The dual forms are generalizations of the Z(N) chiral clock model and the lattice Frenkel-Kontorova model, respectively. From these equivalences, rich sets of spatially-modulated phases are found in the strong-coupling region of the original models.
SIGNATURE BASED EVALUATION TO COUNTER AND PREVENT INJECTION ATTACKS

The databases that underlie web applications were facing issues like, unauthorized access, so many security threats in recent years. Many software systems have evolved to include a Web-based component that makes them available to the public via the Internet and can expose them to a variety of Web-based attacks. One of these attacks is SQL injection, which can give attackers unrestricted access to the databases and has become frequent and serious threat to them. Successful injection attack can give attackers access to and even control of the databases that underlay Web applications, which may contain sensitive or confidential information. This paper presents a new highly automated approach for protecting Web applications against SQL injection that has both conceptual and practical advantages over most existing techniques. From a conceptual standpoint, the approach is based on the idea of positive tainting and on the concept of syntax-aware evaluation. From a practical standpoint, our technique is precise and efficient, has minimal deployment requirements, and incurs a very low performance overhead in most cases. We have implemented this technique(Injection preventer) [1] , which we used to perform an empirical evaluation on a wide range of Web applications that we subjected to a large and varied set of attacks and legitimate accesses.
Humic Acid Stimulation of Growth and Optimization of Biochemical Profiles on Two Microalgal Species Proposed as Live Feeds in Aquaculture

A series of batch culture experiments on two marine microalgae species, Dunaliella salina Teodoresco and Nannochloropsis salina Hibberd, was conducted at various humic acid (HA) concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mgL -1 ), in order to evaluate the stimulatory potential of HA on microalgae growth (expressed as a biomass concentration), pigment production (chlorophyll a and carotenoids) and carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio. The impact of HA on the proximate composition (moisture, ash, dietary fiber, crude lipid, available carbohydrates, crude protein, and energy content) was also considered. Results demonstrated a highly significant positive effect of HA on growth, pigment production, and proximate analysis (P≤ 0.01). The excellent response of the two investigated microalgae to HA recommends it as a low-cost, high-yield investment, despite the finding that the C:N ratio in D. salina showed a gradual decrease upon addition of HA. A slight increase in the C:N ratio was observed upon addition of HA in N. salina .
Building a High North Growth Pole: The Northern Norwegian City of Hammerfest in the Wake of Developing the "Snow White" Barents Sea Gas Field

Global oil industries are moving from well-established economic centres to remote areas in the north. This paper addresses regional impacts, and links the analyses and discussions to theories embedded in Keynes inspired ideas from the 1950'ies of state opportunities to build growth poles in peripheries by governing entering industries. The article analyses changes in the North-Norwegian city of Hammerfest for the period of 2002-2008 during which time the Snow White gas field was developed and includes local supplies positions, local employment changes; commuting patterns; demographic shifts; variation in youth attitude concerning future living; vicissitudes in local housing markets; local tax system changes; local welfare; and gender relations changes. Keywords: global oil industry companies; regional impacts; growth pole strategies; Norway
Biome‐specific scaling of ocean productivity, temperature, and carbon export efficiency

Mass conservation and metabolic theory place constraints on how marine export production (EP) scales with net primary productivity (NPP) and sea surface temperature (SST); however, little is empirically known about how these relationships vary across ecologically distinct ocean biomes. Here we compiled in situ observations of EP, NPP, and SST and used statistical model selection theory to demonstrate significant biome‐specific scaling relationships among these variables. Multiple statistically similar models yield a threefold variation in the globally integrated carbon flux (~4–12 Pg C yr−1) when applied to climatological satellite‐derived NPP and SST. Simulated NPP and SST input variables from a 4×CO2 climate model experiment further show that biome‐specific scaling alters the predicted response of EP to simulated increases of atmospheric CO2. These results highlight the need to better understand distinct pathways of carbon export across unique ecological biomes and may help guide proposed efforts for in situ observations of the ocean carbon cycle.
Waveform modelling using locked-mode synthetic and differential seismograms: application to determination of the structure of Mexico

Summary We have developed algorithms for modelling seismic waveforms in order to constrain regional Earth structure. The seismogram is represented as a sum of locked-mode travelling waves in a layered medium. This representation is convenient as it allows us to model structures with slowly varying heterogeneity and to construct differential seismograms. This paper describes the techniques we have implemented that enable us to compute synthetic and differential seismograms in an efficient and stable manner. The computational methods are sufficiently rapid that many modes can be included and in some cases the entire seismogram may be modelled. These algorithms are applied to model a set of seismograms of southern Mexican earthquakes recorded in northern Mexico. The frequency bandwidth of these data is centred at 0.067 Hz and we demonstrate that even at these relatively high frequencies, many features of the seismogram can be successfully modelled. Our results suggest that the structure within the recording array in northern Mexico is resolvably different from that to the south. We find that the average shear velocity of the lower lithosphere of southern Mexico is very low, approximately 4.3 kms−1. If the low-velocity region is confined to the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, the shear velocities between 20–80 km depth are approximately 3.3 kms−1. This may be correlated with partial melt and is consistent with the active volcanism and high heat flow found in the region.
Are Momentum Profits Robust to Trading Costs?

We test whether momentum strategies remain profitable after considering market frictions induced by trading. Intraday data are used to estimate alternative measures of proportional and non-proportional (price impact) trading costs. The price impact models imply that abnormal returns to portfolio strategies decline with portfolio size. We calculate break-even fund sizes that lead to zero abnormal returns. In addition to equal- and value-weighted momentum strategies, we derive a liquidity-weighted strategy designed to reduce the cost of trades. Equal-weighted strategies perform the best before trading costs and the worst after trading costs. Liquidity-weighted and hybrid liquidity/value-weighted strategies have the largest break-even fund sizes: $5 billion or more (relative to December 1999 market capitalization) may be invested in these momentum strategies before the apparent profit opportunities vanish.
Investigation on Naphthalene Biodegradation Ability in a Bacillus sp. Consortium Isolated from Soil Samples

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment with potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. PAH bioremediation is considered as an effective and environmentally benign cleanup technology. In this study we isolated Bacillus sp. in soil samples with potential of naphthalene degradation and compared Bacillus spp. consortium and pure cultures biodegradation rate of naphthalene.Ten soil samples were collected from Tehran and around Tehran and Bacillus strains were isolated and identified by biochemical and molecular methods. After that, the amount of biosurfactant production was measured and emulsification test was conducted. Eventually, GC analysis was conducted on the consortium for naphthalene biodegradation investigation. Optimized growth conditions were also determined involved in degradation (nah genes). At the end, catabolic genes were identified. The isolates contained Bacillus cereus, Paenibacillus lactis, Bacillus fusiformis and Bacillus subtilis. All of the isolates had surface tension amount less than 40(mN/m) and growth in blood agar medium. It shows that all of them can produce biosurfactant, effectively. The surface tension amount for consortium was lower than pure cultures. In addition, the consortium showed the ability to tolerate 1000 ppm naphthalene concentration in medium and the maximum growth amount was in pH=6, 200 ppm naphthalene concentration, 150 rpm of shaker speed and yeast extract as an additional nitrogen source.The obtained results revealed that consortium of four isolates had more ability in naphthalene degradation as shown in other studies.
A Multilevel Model of Information Technology Value

ABSTRACT Traditionally, firms that dominate their industries perform better when their markets are growing. This is because their large size makes it easier for them to achieve economies of scale. We present empirical evidence that the impact of information technology (IT) on the firm performance is the opposite: firms with less market power enjoy greater benefits in a growing market. This study draws on the IT value literature to examine how industry and firm attributes jointly affect firms’ returns on their IT investments. To that end, we develop cross-level hypotheses to examine how the economic value of IT to firms is influenced by industry growth and firm size. By using a hierarchical linear model to test the industry–firm interactions, we are able to control for violations of statistical assumptions that are likely to bias cross-level estimates obtained using conventional statistical methods. The implications of these findings for research and practice are examined.
Wage Risk and the Value of Job Mobility in Early Employment Careers

This paper shows that job mobility is a valuable channel that employed workers use to mitigate bad labor market shocks. I estimate a model of wage dynamics jointly with a dynamic model of employment and job mobility. The key feature of the model is the specification of wage shocks at the worker-firm-match level, for workers can respond to these shocks by changing jobs. I find that, relative to the variance of individual-level shocks, the variance of match-level shocks is large and the consequent value of job mobility is substantial, particularly for workers whose match-specific wages are low.
Entry and Exit of firms explained by trigger points: Dutch glasshouse horticulture

In a frictional hinge device, a metallic shaft has a rotational axis as a rotational center. A support block is molded in synthetic resin around the metallic shaft so that the support block is rotatably supported by the metallic shaft relatively. The support block is held at any angular position by a surface friction resistance between the support block and the metallic shaft. A shape factor (W) in relation with the metallic shaft and the support block is defined by the following inequality:1.5<=W<=3.5, where W={1+(Do/Dh)2}/{1-(Do/Dh)2}, (Do) is a diameter of the metallic shaft, (Dh) is a diameter or its equivalent of the support block.
Word vector-space embeddings of natural language data over time

Words are often mapped to vectors in a vector-space (Euclidean-space). Such mappings, also called embeddings, are used in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. These word embeddings are, generally, intended to reflect the usage, semantic similarities and relatedness of the words they represent. Simply put, word embeddings reflect the meaning of the words relative to other words. However, word meanings are known to change over time (semantic change). Current publicly available word vector-space embeddings are ‘static’ in nature with no temporal component. Creating ‘dynamic’ word embeddings by adding temporal information opens the possibility of capturing the phenomenon of semantic change. These embeddings (with temporal component) can be used to produce visual animation of semantic change and change in word relations over time. It also has the potential to improve performance of various NLP tasks, particularly those involving time like the task of Diachronic Text Evaluation. This project achieves the following: (1) Create word embeddings with time component (dynamic embeddings) that captures the meaning/usage/similarities of words across various times ranging between the years 1800 and 2008. (2) Develop a tool/software that animates changes in word relations using the dynamic embeddings. (3) Evaluate the dynamic embeddings created using word similarity measures and Diachronic Text Evaluation task.
Non classical modal parameters identification via dynamic response complexification

The paper aims to review and generalise the theoretical bases of an original identification method set by two of the authors. The method maps and analyzes the time domain response of linear dynamic systems in the complex plane. The mapping is obtained by adding the imaginary counterpart of the motion, provided by the Hilbert transform, to the real dynamic response. The formulation is specialised to deal with the problem of complex modes identification from quasi-harmonic test data. It is demonstrated that the complex plane representation turns out to be a natural framework to treat non classical damped system. An application to a reinforced concrete building tested in different structural conditions is presented.
Currency Recognition Using Image Processing and Minimum Distance Classifier Technique

As a result of the great technological advances over the past few years in duplicating and scanning, counterfeiting problems have become more and more serious. Fake banknotes have become so deeply embedded in the Indian economy that even bank branc hes and ATMs are disbursing counterfeit currency. Estimation of fake currency in Indian economy is ab out 10-20 percent of total notes in circulation. From p etrol stations to the local vegetable vendors, everybody is wary of accepting banknotes in denomination of 500 and 1 000. It is difficult for people to recognize and detect the notes. To solve these problems a currency recognition syst em is implemented to reduce human power to automatically recognize currency without human supervision. The software interface that has been proposed in this p aper is to recognize the Indian currency notes and authenti cate to certain extent. Digital image processing is one of the most common and effective techniques used to distin guish counterfeit banknotes from genuine ones. This paper introduces a recognition and detection method for I currency using Image Processing. It is shown that I currencies can be classified based on a set of uniq ue non discriminating features such as dominant color, dimension, latent image and Identification Mark mentioned in RBI guidelines. Firstly, the aspect rand the dominant color of the note are extracted. After this the segmentation of the ID mark and latent image is don e. Segmented features are then processed and classifie d using Minimum Distance Classifier.
Domain Specific Honeytokens Based on Natural Language Processing - A Conceptual Model

This paper presents the idea and conceptual model for keyword modelling by using Natural Language Processing (NLP) in a specific domain. The paper shows that keywords for Honeytokens (HTs) derived from a specific website domain can be generated automatically by extracting concepts of interest from security related or other domain specific texts. A conceptual model for generating such tokens is presented and guidelines for implementation are given. It is argued that such domain specific HTs are a better form of deception technology, that provides a harder challenge for detection from automated attacks and thus improves early detection and incident response procedures in modern complex systems.
Autoinflammatory diseases in children

Autoinflammatory diseases encompass a growing number of multisystem clinical entities with genetic or acquired defects in the innate immune system. Distinct conditions can be identified in this expanding sphere: familial Mediterranean fever, mevalonate kinase deficiency, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome, cryopyrinopathies, idiopathic febrile syndromes, hereditary pyogenic disorders, pediatric granulomatous arthritides, complement dysregulation syndromes and Behcet's disease. All these multifaceted conditions display episodes of seemingly unprovoked inflammation of variable duration and different severity. The main limitation to their better knowledge is the extreme fragmentation of the diagnosed cases that are spread over different centres and countries. The discovery of new molecules involved in recognizing exogenous and endogenous danger signals that lead to inflammatory responses has allowed to understand the pathways of innate immunity and to disclose new therapeutic perspectives for children with autoinflammatory diseases.
Growth and Parental Preference for Education

This study explores the implications of parental preference for education in an innovation-driven growth model that features an interaction between endogenous technological progress and human capital accumulation. Parents invest in children's education partly due to the preference for their children to be educated. We consider a preference parameter that measures the degree of this parental preference for education. We find that a higher degree of parental preference for education increases human capital, which is conducive to innovation, but the increase in education investment also crowds out resources for R&D investment. As a result, a stronger parental preference for education has an inverted-U effect on the steady-state equilibrium growth rate. We also analytically derive the complete transitional path of the equilibrium growth rate and find that an increase in the degree of education preference has an initial negative effect on growth. Furthermore, we explore the robustness of our results in a scale-invariant extension of the model and find that although the steady-state equilibrium growth rate becomes monotonically increasing in the degree of education preference, it continues to have an initial negative effect on the transitional growth rate.
Predicting the number of failures of a hydraulic pump with a zero excess model

In the equipment maintenance plans of many manufacturing companies, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of certain equipment with a relatively low failure frequency. It is complex to monitor its statistical behavior with the traditional engineering models, because most of the information, in a short time interval, the values are zero, that is to say, the failure count is zero in the equipment. This paper presents a case study in a compound fertilizer company, where the failures of a hydraulic pump are monitored over time, using a ZIP model with excess zeros. The results indicate a rethinking of maintenance plans, considering that there is a high measure of probability of failure, which is unacceptable in chemical processes.
A Strategic View for Rare Earths Production, in a Competitive and Sustainable form

The demand for rare earths (RE) has been intensified by their large use, especially in high technology sectors. Supply difficulties have forced RE users to seek alternative sources and invest in the development of recycling technologies and options of reuse for these elements. This article seeks to reveal the trends and ongoing changes in national and global prospects of RE. Additionally, it aims to analyze scientific collaboration networks in the area of industrial solid waste (ISW) and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) exploitation in Brazil, examining both researchers and institutions with greater representation in the field. For this purpose, social network analysis methods were used to build and analyze co-authorship networks based on scientific publications retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The results showed that the Brazilian collaboration network of ISW research was extremely fragmented and contained 105 different groups, which were not connected to each other. The institutional network of ISW research was composed of 125 institutions, 75.2% of them from Brazil. The Brazilian collaboration network of research in WEEE was small (37 researchers), but fragmented: researchers were divided into eight different groups that do not connect to each other. The institutional network of research in WEEE was composed by 12 institutions, nine of them from Brazil. Therefore, this article presents a network collaboration model to bring together actors involved in the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), emphasizing the potential for recovery of RE from these wastes, with the purpose of developing products and services.