Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview - Fog Computing and Internet-of-Things (IOT)

1.1 A New Economy based on IoT Emerging By 2025 The internet today is getting connected to a very large number of devices or sensors of IoT. These numbers were not envisaged previously. IoT or Internet of Things, alternatively known as IOE, Internet of Everything envisages connecting more and more consumer electronic devices, home appliances, medical devices, cameras, all types of sensors for temperature, pressure or humidity, etc., in addition to mobile phones and industrial IoT devices. The numbers are staggering: up to 50 billion devices are expected to be connected according to Ericsson. This will result in a 20 trillion market opportunity in less than 10 years. In 2025 it is estimated that IoT will have an economic impact with revenue generated and operational ravings up to 11 trillion dollars per year on 11 percent of world economy with common public users deploying upto 1 trillion devices 2025 i.e., the technological changes of an IoT drives economy.
The Roles of Infrastructure and Resources on Implementation of Free Maternal Healthcare Services in Machakos Level 5 Hospital, Machakos County, Kenya

Free maternal health care services in Kenya was introduced on 1st June, 2013 and has increased the number of skilled deliveries significantly. In this paper an attempt is made to examine the factors associated with the utilization of free maternal health care services in Kenya on the basis of data collected from Machakos Level 5 hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Using both probability and non-probability sampling techniques; purposive sampling and stratified sampling techniques, a sample of 398 participants who received free maternal services at Machakos level 5 were recruited. A survey questionnaire and interview schedule were administered to women who had delivered in the hospital and interview scheduled was administered to health workers. The findings of the study showed that there is a recognizable relationship between hospital infrastructure and implementation of free maternity services in public hospitals. The study established that there is a positive and significant relationship between patient level of awareness and utilization of free maternal healthcare services. Awareness was sighted as a major structural variable that could influence decision of women to deliver in public hospitals, such knowledge should highlight on requirement and various point of service delivery all of which determined to a great extent the quality of free maternal health services in Kenya.
Measuring Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Vegetable Pathogen Phytophthora capsici

12 Introduction . 13 Materials and Methods . 14 Gene selection strategy . 14 Isolates and DNA extraction . 15 Sequencing, SNP identification, and primer design . 15 PCR amplification and HR-DMA . 17 Addition of a known homozygous fragment to differentiate unknown homozygotes. 18 Results . 18 SNP genotyping and segregation pattern analysis . 18 Field isolates SNP genotyping . 18 Discussion . 19 Literature Cited . 24 Chapter Three. Genetic diversity of Phytophthora capsici isolates from pepper and pumpkin in Argentina . 27 Abstract . 27 Introduction . 28. 27 Introduction . 28 Materials and Methods . 30 v Isolates and mating type analysis . 30 Genomic DNA extraction and AFLP analysis . 32 SNP identification and genotyping . 33 Mefenoxam sensitivity screening . 36 Results . 37 Discussion . 41 Litreature Cited . 44 Chapter Four. Survival and spread of Phytophthora capsici on Long Island, New York . 47 Abstract . 47 Introduction . 48 Materials and Methods . 49. 47 Introduction . 48 Materials and Methods . 49 Isolate collection and mating type analysis . 49 Genomic DNA extraction and SNP markers . 50 High resolution DNA melting analysis (HR-DMA) . 51 Results . 57 Isolates and mating type. 57 Discussion . 63 Litrature Cited . 67 Chapter Five. Characterization of Phytophthora capsici recovered from pepper in France. 69 Abstract . 69 Introduction . 70. 69 Introduction . 70 Materials and Methods . 71 vi Field isolates recovery. 71 Mefenoxam sensitivity screening . 72 Crossing, oospore preparation and generating single oospore progeny. 72 Oospore preparation . 73 Mating type and DNA extraction . 74 SNP markers identification and primer design . 74 PCR amplification and HR-DMA . 75 Results . 75 Field isolates mating type and sensitivity to mefenoxam . 75 Genotypic analysis with SNP markers . 76 F1 progeny obtained from France and Tennessee parent. 76 Discussion . 77 Literature Cited . 82 Chapter Six. Conclusions . 84 Vita.86
Structure, DNA content and DNA methylation of synergids during ovule development in Malus domestica Borkh

Abstract DNA content and DNA methylation of synergids of Malus domestica Borkh have been evaluated in two different stages before fertilization. A monoclonal antibody against 5-methylcytidine has been used to evidence the level and distribution of DNA methylation. In the first stage, both synergids were alike in structure, with a large chalazal vacuole, a large nucleus and nucleolus and a well developed filiform apparatus. One of the two cells was localized closer the mycropilar region of embryo sac. At this stage both cells showed a 2C DNA content and a similar level and pattern of DNA methylation. The two synergids in Malus had different fates. In the second stage, near the time of fertilization, the mycropilar synergid showed signs of degeneration: a reduced size, a compact chromatin and a more darkly stained cytoplasm. DNA methylation of this synergid was twice as much as the other cell and a different distribution of DNA methylation was also evidenced between the two cells, while their DNA content was unaltered. These observations are discussed in relation to the hypothesis of a different gene expression in the two synergids, thus supporting the assumption of a preprogramming for the degeneration of one of the two cells.
) 1 Single cell isolation using optical tweezers 2

Optical tweezers offer a non-contact method for selecting single cells and translocating 8 them from one microenvironment to another. We have characterized the optical tweezing of yeast 9 S. cerevisiae and can manipulate single cells at velocities up to 0.77 mm/s using laser powers of 40 10 mW from a 785 nm diode laser. We have fabricated and tested three cell isolation devices; a 11 micropipette, a PDMS chip and laser machined fused silica chip and we have isolated single 12 bacteria, yeast and cyanobacteria cells. The most effective isolation was achieved in PDMS chip, 13 where single yeast cells were grown and observed for 18 hours without contamination. The duration 14 of budding in S. cerevisiae was not affected by the laser parameters used, but the time from tweezing 15 until the first budding event began increased with increase laser energy (laser power x time). Cells 16 tweezed using 25 mW for 1 minute were viable after isolation. We have constructed a micro17 consortium of yeast cells, and a co-culture of yeast and bacteria, using optical tweezers in 18 combination with the PDMS network of channels and isolation chambers, which may impact on 19 both industrial biotechnology and understanding pathogen dynamics. 20
Optical remote sensing of sound in the ocean

Abstract. We propose a remote sensing technique to measure sound in the upper ocean. The objective is a system that can be flown on an aircraft. Conventional acoustic sensors are ineffective in this application, because almost none (∼0.1%) of the sound in the ocean is transmitted through the water/air interface. The technique is based on the acoustic modulation of naturally occurring bubbles near the sea surface. It is clear from the ideal gas law that the volume of a bubble will decrease if the pressure is increased, as long as the number of gas molecules and temperature remain constant. The pressure variations associated with the acoustic field will therefore induce proportional volume fluctuations of the insonified bubbles. The lidar return from a collection of bubbles is proportional to the total void fraction, independent of the bubble size distribution. This implies that the lidar return from a collection of insonified bubbles will be modulated at the acoustic frequencies, independent of the bubble size distribution. Moreover, that modulation is linearly related to the sound pressure. A laboratory experiment confirmed the basic principles, and estimates of signal-to-noise ratio suggest that the technique will work in the open ocean.
Hierarchy Visualization Designs and their Impact on Perception and Problem Solving Strategies

Visualizing hierarchical structures is of great importance in many economic and scientific applications. Many different approaches have been developed and enhanced in the last decades. Each of them claims specific advantages over competing methods, usually referring to visual or structural properties. Although several user studies investigated the usefulness of specific approaches, for practitioners it often remains unclear what the practical advantages of the approaches are and in which contexts they are useful. In our user study, we systematically investigated the value of three frequently used visualization types for the intuitive understanding of hierarchical data: treemap, icicle plot, and nodelink. We measured user performance in terms of correctness and time and tracked eye movements for each participant. The results regarding the user performance revealed that nodelink and icicle plot yield expected and comparable results, whereas treemap is only exceeding chance level for one easy task. Still, the analysis of eye-tracking measures suggests that treemaps draw visual attention better to relevant elements. Finally, implications for facilitating human intuition and problem solving strategies are discussed. Keywords–User Study; Hierarchy Visualization; Perception; Eye-tracking.
The Oculus Rift virtual colonoscopy: introducing a new technology and initial impressions

Introduction: Virtual colonoscopy has proven to be a reliable, sensitive technique and is now widely adopted in routine clinical practice. We present a novel extension to virtual colonoscopy by incorporating the immersive Oculus Rift virtual reality technology. We describe our initial experience to explore its potential diagnostic benefit. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Oculus Rift related publication in the radiology field. Method: A procedure for generating an Oculus Rift virtual colonoscopy (ORVC) has been created. It is derived from a CT image of an air/CO 2 inflated colon with contrast labelled faecal matter. The mucosal surface is segmented from its surroundings and subsequently meshed and rendered to produce a 3D surface. The mucosal surface is then imported into the Unity game engine along with the calculated coordinates of its centreline. Within Unity, a virtual reality camera is assigned to travel both outside and inside the colon, aided by controls allocated to an Xbox controller. Two ORVCs were created from differing quality CT data and trialled by two experienced radiologists and a gastroenterologist. Results: The ORVCs prompted an enthusiastic response from the clinicians. It was considered to offer potential for improved diagnostic power but further development is required if its full capability is to be realised. Conclusions: A mechanism for examining virtual colonoscopies within the immersive environment of the Oculus Rift has been developed. The resulting ORVCs were trialled by three clinicians with largely positive feedback providing encouragement for pursuing this work further.
CADET: A Multi-View Learning Framework for Compromised Account Detection on Twitter

Social media has become a valuable tool for hackers to disseminate misleading content through compromised accounts. Detecting compromised accounts, however, is challenging due to the noisy nature of social media posts and the difficulty in acquiring sufficient labeled data that can effectively capture a wide variety of compromised tweets from different types of hackers (spammers, vandals, cybercriminals, revenge hackers, etc). To address these challenges, this proposal presents a multiview learning framework that employs nonlinear autoencoders to learn the feature embedding from multiple views, such as the tweets' content, source, location, and timing information and then projects the embedded features into a common lower-rank feature representation. Suspicious user accounts are detected based on their reconstruction errors in the shared subspace. Our empirical results show the superiority of CADET compared to several existing representative approaches when applied to a realworld Twitter dataset.
Robustness in Liquid Transfer Vehicles with Delayed Resonators

In the present paper, the dynamic model of a liquid transfer vehicle with delayed resonators is modified to take into account simultaneous wear to the front and rear springs. This failure is mathematically formulated as increase to the spring constant with simultaneous decrease to the damping factor. A sloshing suppression control scheme, whose parameters are evaluated using a metaheuristic approach, designed knowing only the nominal values of the resonator parameters while considering their real values to be unknown, is applied to the real system. Then, the sets of resonator parameters where the feedback control law produces satisfactory results are determined, thus verifying robustness of the proposed control scheme.
An Optimized QoS-based Multipath Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

As the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) continue to evolve, it becomes more and more significant in day today life. WSN is a promising approach, but finding optimal route discovery is more problematic due to the resource constrains of sensors and the various application requirements. The proposed Optimized Quality of Service based Multipath Routing Protocol (OQoS-MRP) for WSN is designed to find near optimal multi-hop communication path from the sink to sensors by considering various QoS metrics. The best-case multipath route selection procedure is used for transferring the data to sink. According to QoS metrics, the performance of this communication protocol is evaluated and compared with other existing protocols namely EE-LEACH and MRBCH. The simulation result shows that OQoS-MRP achieves prominent data communication while maintaining reasonable energy consumption. It also reduces the transmission delay and communication overhead on the basis of ensuring the outcome of the entire network.
Effects of heat treatments on antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of four cultivars of purple skin eggplants

We investigated the effects of three heat treatments on antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in purple skinned eggplant fruits. Four cultivars of eggplant: 'Muang Lek', 'Muang Lot Fai', 'Muang Kan Dam', and 'Muang Kan Khiao' were subjected to boiling, steaming, and microwaving for 5, 10, and 15 min in each treatment. The results show that antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS) and total phenolic content significantly increased in all eggplant cultivars with all cooking methods compared with those of raw fruits. Fruits microwaved for 10 and 15 min had the highest antioxidant capacities and total phenolic content in all cultivars. 'Muang Lot Fai' had the highest antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of the four cultivars examined. A highly positive correlation for each heat treatment was found between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content.
’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Can we do better than co-citations ? Bringing Citation Proximity Analysis from idea to practice in research articles recommendation Conference or Workshop Item

In this paper, we build on the idea of Citation Proximity Analysis (CPA), originally introduced in [1], by developing a step by step scalable approach for building CPA-based recommender systems. As part of this approach, we introduce three new proximity functions, extending the basic assumption of co-citation analysis (stating that the more often two articles are co-cited in a document, the more likely they are related) to take the distance between the co-cited documents into account. Asking the question of whether CPA can outperform co-citation analysis in recommender systems, we have built a CPA based recommender system from a corpus of 368,385 full-texts articles and conducted a user survey to perform an initial evaluation. Two of our three proximity functions used within CPA outperform co-citations on our evaluation dataset.
Emergency Physicians Awareness of Computed Tomography Indication in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Questionnaire-Based Study

Minor head injury (MHT) is one of the most common causes of all trauma admissions and it is still controversial to manage adequately. Although the incidence of clinically significant traumatic brain injury is low in this group, the consequences of missing clinically important problem are potentially life threatening. Early diagnosis of intracranial hematoma by computed tomography scan (CT) followed by early surgery is very important in the treatment of such patients. Thus, there has been a tendency to use high levels of diagnostic imaging in these conditions. There are many decision rules for the use of computed tomography (CT) for patients with minor head injury. This survey is to determine the awareness and utilization rates of these head CT rules among our emergency physicians (EP). Questionnaire was randomly sent to EPs from different ministry of health hospitals in Makkah. Our participants were asked about their awareness of such rules and their applications in their careers. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS V16.0. The awareness and utilization rate of clinical decision rules among 91 ER physicians who responded were 54.4% and 42.2% respectively. The barriers to utilize such rules were the working environment and increased chances of getting lawsuits, which were 55.4% and 61.7% respectively. 91.1% of those physicians would like to receive guidance on how to apply such rules in their daily practices. There is a misunderstanding of the definition of minor head injury, despite the high number of head traumas, which led to request more CT scan. This will be a burden on the healthcare system and will lead to more radiation exposure. More educations regarding head CT rules will result in better utilizing of our resources and reduction in radiation risks.
Block models for multipartite networks.Applications in ecology and ethnobiology

Modeling relations between individuals is a classical question in social sciences, ecology, etc. In order to uncover a latent structure in the data, a popular approach consists in clustering individuals according to the observed patterns of interactions. To do so, Stochastic block models (SBM) and Latent Block models (LBM) are standard tools for clustering the individuals with respect to their comportment in a unique network. However, when adopting an integrative point of view, individuals are not involved in a unique network but are part of several networks, resulting into a potentially complex multipartite network. In this contribution, we propose a stochastic block model able to handle multipartite networks, thus supplying a clustering of the individuals based on their connection behavior in more than one network. Our model is an extension of the latent block models (LBM) and stochastic block model (SBM). The parameters –such as the marginal probabilities of assignment to blocks and the matrix of probabilities of connections between blocks– are estimated through a variational Expectation-Maximization procedure. The numbers of blocks are chosen with the Integrated Completed Likelihood criterion, a penalized likelihood criterion. The pertinence of our methodology is illustrated on two datasets issued from ecology and ethnobiology.
Volatility of stock market and exchange rate returns in Peru: Long memory or short memory with level shifts?

This paper represents the first attempts to distinguish between long- and short-memory (with level shifts) in volatility of Peruvian stock and Forex rate returns. We utilise the approach of Perron and Qu (2010). The daily data span the period 3 January, 1990 to 13 June, 2013 for the stock market returns, and from 3 January, 1997 to 24 June, 2013 for the Forex rate returns. The analysis of the ACF, the periodogram and the fractional parameter estimates for both volatilities suggests that the theoretical predictions of the simple mixture model of Perron and Qu (2010) are correct. The results are more conclusive for the stock market volatility. The application of one statistic suggests rejection of the long-memory hypothesis for both volatilities. Other two statistics provide weak evidence against the null hypothesis, above all for the Forex rate market. To reinforce the findings, some results associated with other investigations are presented.
Bandit problems with infinitely many arms

We consider a bandit problem consisting of a sequence of n choices from an infinite number of Bernoulli arms, with n → ∞. The objective is to minimize the long-run failure rate. The Bernoulli parameters are independent observations from a distribution F. We first assume F to be the uniform distribution on (0,1) and consider various extensions. In the uniform case we show that the best lower bound for the expected failure proportion is between √2/√n and 2/√n and we exhibit classes of strategies that achieve the latter.
Negative native-exotic diversity relationship in oak savannas explained by human influence and climate

Recent research has proposed a scale-dependence to relationships between native diversity and exotic invasions. At fine spatial scales, native-exotic richness relationships should be negative as higher native richness confers resistance to invasion. At broad scales, relationships should be positive if natives and exotics respond similarly to extrinsic factors. Yet few studies have examined both native and exotic richness patterns across gradients of human influence, where impacts could affect native and exotic species differently. We examined native-exotic richness relationships and extrinsic drivers of plant species richness and distributions across an urban development gradient in remnant oak savanna patches. In sharp contrast to most reported results, we found a negative relationship at the regional scale, and no relationship at the local scale. The negative regional-scale relationship was best explained by extrinsic factors, surrounding road density and climate, affecting natives and exotics in opposite ways, rather than a direct effect of native on exotic richness, or vice versa. Models of individual species distributions also support the result that road density and climate have largely opposite effects on native and exotic species, although simple life history traits (life form, dispersal mode) do not predict which habitat characteristics are important for particular species. Roads likely influence distributions and species richness by increasing both exotic propagule pressure and disturbance to native species. Climate may partially explain the negative relationship due to differing climatic preferences within the native and exotic species pools. As gradients of human influence are increasingly common, negative broad-scale native-exotic richness relationships may be frequent in such landscapes.