Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VMCloak: Toward a stealthy in-VM agent execution

In-VM agent programs are generally used for the convenience of VM monitor in malware analysis. To prevent malicious interference, the stealthy execution of an in-VM agent is desirable. Existing approaches for stealthy execution of the agent remains detectable if libraries or kernel code of the guest OS is contaminated by malware. Moreover, the lack of applicability to conventional executables limits the agent functionality. In this paper, VMCloak is proposed for the stealthy in-VM agent execution. Our scheme leverages the virtualization technology to perform the real-time binary instrumentation to conceal the fingerprints of an in-VM agent from potential detection. Both stealthiness and integrity of the agent are guaranteed even when the guest OS is compromised. The evaluation shows that VMCloak can cope with the applicability issues, allowing the in-VM agent to perform the same operations as that of ordinary executables.
Equianalgesia: applying evidence-based practice guidelines.

Pain related to cancer affects the lives of large numbers of patients and their families. Cancer pain takes many forms: It may be short-lived or long-lasting, may be mild or severe, may affect one or a few organs, bones, or organ systems. Each patient’s pain is unique; therefore, a greater understanding of pain management and pain relief is essential for oncology nurses. The term “equianalgesia” means “approximately equal analgesia” and is used when referring to the doses of various opioid analgesics that provide approximately the same pain relief (Pereira, Lawlor, Vigrano, Dorgan, & Bruera, 2001). Equianalgesic dose calculations provide a basis for selecting the appropriate starting dose when changing from one opioid drug or route of administration to another. Equianalgesia is critical to effective cancer pain management (Beach, 2008). When patients are no longer able to manage their pain with oral opioids, alternative routes must be explored. Sterman, Gauker, and Krieger (2003) reported that semiweekly pain management rounds with a clinical pharmacist provided the opportunity for nurses to practice equianalgesic dosing and to make recommendations for changes in pain management.
Joint Report of the Fifth International Workshop on Lymphocyte Alloantigens of the Horse, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 31 October-1 November 1987.

Six laboratories participated in the Fifth International Workshop on Lymphocyte Alloantigens of the Horse, testing 132 alloantisera against lymphocytes of 880 horses chosen to represent different families and breeds. Most of the alloantisera were produced by lymphocyte immunization between horses matched at the ELA-A locus. All horses were also tested with antisera contributed to the workshop by participating laboratories which identified ELA specificities A1-A10 and W12-W21. Previously identified workshop specificities ELA-W14, W15 and W19 were accepted as products of the ELA-A locus based on family and population studies by the workshop. Their designations were changed to ELA-A14, ELA-A15 and ELA-A19, respectively. Two new specificities were identified, namely ELA-W22 (W22) and ELA-W23 (W23). Population and family studies indicated that W22 and W23 as well as W13 are products of an ELA locus other than ELA-A. The presence of these specificities was correlated with the presence of certain ELA-A locus specificities, e.g. W13 with A3, W22 with A2 and W23 with A5. However, the association was not complete and W13, W22 and W23 also segregated with other ELA-A specificities in some families. Evidence for recombination was found between the ELA-A locus and the locus or loci encoding these specificities resulting in seven recombinant haplotypes found among the data presented in this workshop. Further studies are required for definitive assignment of the specificities to a class I or class II locus.
A PSYCHOSOCIAL ANALYSIS OF CYBERBULLYING : KEYS TO A MORAL EDUCATION

Internet (cyberbullying) has emerged as a problem of considerable complexity among adolescents, and one that tends to have undesirable repercussions in the school context. Bullying and cyberbullying are two sides of the same coin, sharing some basic components of peer abuse (Olweus, 1998; Ortega, 1992). Cyberbullying represents a metaphorphosis of the bullying concept, having taken advantage of the communications and information technologies, and the social networks they support, which have emerged since around the turn of the century, and especially over the last ten years. Nevertheless, it is still important to identify the components of these phenomena which are common and those which are specific, and to determine their consequences. The challenge for preventive and intervention initiatives in the educational community is to analyze these common and specific components of bullying and address those which characterize cyberbullying by means of effective measures in the contexts where they take place. The aim of this article is to make a thorough analysis of the specific features of cyberbullying and highlight the basic processes it has in common with traditional bullying as a form of abuse. Moreover, some lines of work are proposed regarding educational approaches for promoting the internalization of moral perspectives in virtual interaction with peers, and also regarding mediation in the process of building structures that can lead to moral autonomy (Kolhberg & Kramer, 1969). Peer bullying, be it direct and physical, or virtual, via social networks or other media, aims to undermine the victim’s dignity. Most bullying is deliberately intended to hurt and is recurrent, and takes advantage of the power gap between bully and victim. The arguments used to justify it are unacceptable; it is gratuitous and without moral foundation. Such behaviour reflects an absence of moral perspective, and bullies neither recall, nor possess, nor construct the appropriate moral referents that would make them conscious of the wrong they are doing; hence, they look for other referents, tending to be unaware of social and moral behavioural norms. They fail to meet either the moral criterion of ‘should do’ or the ethical criterion of ‘want to do” (Tognetta, 2009), directing their behaviour towards negative and undesirable goals, towards aggression and abuse. Hence the close relationship between bullying and processes of moral development, and the need for educational initiatives of prevention and intervention. A PSYCHOSOCIAL ANALYSIS OF CYBERBULLYING: KEYS TO A MORAL EDUCATION
An Annotation Scheme for the Comparison of Different Genres of Social Media with a Focus on Normalization

Most work on automatic normalization of social media data is restricted to a specific communication medium and often guided by noncomprehensive notions of which phenomena have to be normalized. This paper aims to shed light on the questions (a) what kinds of ‘deviations from the standard’ can be found in German social media and (b) how these differ across different genres of computer-mediated communication (CMC). To study these issues systematically, we propose a comprehensive annotation scheme which categorizes ‘nonstandard’ (defined as out-of-vocabulary, OOV) tokens of various genres of CMC with a focus on the challenges they pose to automatic normalization. In a pilot study, we achieved a high inter-annotator agreement (Cohen’s κ > .8), which suggests good applicability of the scheme. Primary results indicate that the predominant phenomena are rather diverse across genres and, furthermore, that in some genres, general OOV-tokens, which are not CMC-specific (like named entities or regular non-listed words), play a more dominant role than one might guess at first sight.
Characterization of deep sea benthic megafaunal communities observed in the Gulf of California

We characterized the deep sea benthic megafaunal communities observed in the Gulf of California (GOC) in order to understand their structure and determine any possible influence of environmental variables on density and diversity. For this purpose we analyzed benthic video transect of seven dives in the GOC conducted between 345–1,357 m depth. The organisms were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Their geographic location was recorded (longitude and latitude) as well as environmental data such as depth, temperature, salinity, and oxygen. Habitat was classified by substrate type, rugosity, and bioturbation. In addition, the abundance of individual organisms was quantified and the abundance of very dense organisms was estimated. Because the depth range of individual dives was highly variable, abundance and richness were estimated within seven oxygen ranges. Density was estimated based on the length of the dive and depth range. Oxygen profiles were constructed to visualize the OMZs at these sites in the Gulf of California. The oxygen plot showed the higher values for north and the shallower OMZ for south. We observed a total of 28,979 organisms belonging to 125 species and 8 phyla. Echinodermata
Functional Analysis of Multiple Single-stranded DNA-binding Proteins from Methanosarcina acetivorans and Their Effects on DNA Synthesis by DNA Polymerase BI*

Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins and their functional homologs, replication protein A, are essential components of cellular DNA replication, repair and recombination. We describe here the isolation and characterization of multiple replication protein A homologs, RPA1, RPA2, and RPA3, from the archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans. RPA1 comprises four single-stranded DNA-binding domains, while RPA2 and RPA3 are each composed of two such domains and a zinc finger domain. Gel filtration analysis suggested that RPA1 exists as homotetramers and homodimers in solution, while RPA2 and RPA3 form only homodimers. Unlike the multiple RPA proteins found in other Archaea and eukaryotes, each of the M. acetivorans RPAs can act as a distinct single-stranded DNA-binding protein. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence polarization anisotropy studies revealed that the M. acetivorans RPAs bind to as few as 10 single-stranded DNA bases. However, more stable binding is achieved with single-stranded DNA of 18-23 bases, and for such substrates the estimated Kd was 3.82 ± 0.28 nm, 173.6 ± 105.17 nm, and 5.92 ± 0.23 nm, for RPA1, RPA2, and RPA3, respectively. The architectures of the M. acetivorans RPAs are different from those of hitherto reported homologs. Thus, these proteins may represent novel forms of replication protein A. Most importantly, our results show that the three RPAs and their combinations highly stimulate the primer extension capacity of M. acetivorans DNA polymerase BI. Although bacterial SSB and eukaryotic RPA have been shown to stimulate DNA synthesis by their cognate DNA polymerases, our findings provide the first in vitro biochemical evidence for the conservation of this property in an archaeon.
Protecting TCP from a misbehaving receiver

This study presents the design and implementation of a robust TCP congestion control algorithm. TCP was originally designed for cooperative environments, and its evolution over the years has been built on the same basis. TCP expects the end hosts to cooperate with the TCP senders in implementing end‐to‐end congestion control. Therefore, misbehavior of a TCP receiver may result in an unfair division of the available bandwidth between the conforming flows and the irresponsible flows. Accordingly, this study examines the issues arising when conforming TCP connections are obliged to coexist with misbehaving connections. A modification to the TCP protocol is proposed to deal with various types of TCP misbehavior. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS FOR A FRACTIONAL ELLIPTIC PROBLEM WITH CRITICAL SOBOLEV-HARDY NONLINEARITIES IN R

In this article, we study the fractional elliptic equation with critical Sobolev-Hardy nonlinearity (−∆)u+ a(x)u = |u|2s−2u |x|s + k(x)|u|q−2u, u ∈ H(R ), where 2 < q < 2∗, 0 < α < 1, N > 4α, 0 < s < 2α, 2s = 2(N − s)/(N − 2α) is the critical Sobolev-Hardy exponent, 2∗ = 2N/(N − 2α) is the critical Sobolev exponent, a(x), k(x) ∈ C(RN ). Through a compactness analysis of the functional associated, we obtain the existence of positive solutions under certain assumptions on a(x), k(x).
Adenosine signaling pathway regulated bladder fibrosis caused by outlet obstruction in rats

This study is to investigate the role of adenosine signaling pathway in bladder fibrosis caused by outlet obstruction. A bladder fibrosis model was established in female Wistar rats. Immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to measure the changes of fibrosis-related gene expression in bladder tissues, including collagen-I, collagen-III, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and ecto-5’-nucleotidase (CD73) genes. Adenosine receptor blocker theophylline was injected intraperitoneally to confirm the potential role of adenosine in the pathogenesis of bladder fibrosis. A surgery sham and a normal control groups were also included in the study. Compared with the normal control and sham groups, the expression levels of collagen-I, collagen-III, and TGF-β1 genes in the bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) group were significantly increased, while CD73 gene expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). After injection of theophylline, the expressions of collagen-I, collagen-III, and TGF-β1 genes were significantly decreased, while CD73 gene was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). In conclusions; Adenosine signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bladder fibrosis caused by BOO. These findings suggest a potential intervention for bladder fibrosis in patients with a similar condition, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Fabrication and characterization of Mg / P ( LLA-CL )-blended nano fi ber scaffold

Fabrication and characterization of Mg/ P(LLA-CL)-blended nanofiber scaffold Heyu Li, Tong Wu, Yufeng Zheng, Hany El-Hamshary, Salem S. Al-Deyab & Xiumei Mo a College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China b College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China c Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia d Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt Published online: 04 Jun 2014.
SALT PANS OF TAMIL NADU, SOUTH INDIA

This study examined the effect of different pH, light intensity and different concentrations of NaNO3, NaH2PO4 and NaCl on the kinetics of growth, total carotenoids accumulated in Dunaliella salina EU5891200, a micro algal strain isolated from the salt pans of Tamil Nadu, South India. Results indicated that the highest amount of carotenoids detected grown at pH 8, 40 μEm-2s-1 light intensity had maximum production of total carotenoids. Lower salinity of 1.0 M NaCl favored high accumulation of total carotenoids. The amounts of total carotenoids recorded at 1.0 mM NaNO3 for D. salina had 20% more than the control. Phosphate was found to greatly influence the accumulation of total carotenoids (120.0μg/mL) in the isolate.
Mood Changes following Exercise

26 participants completed a mood measure to assess anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigor immediately before and immediately after two exercise sessions. Analysis showed significant mood enhancement for each exercise session. Follow-up univariate results indicated that Depressed mood scores were reduced significantly and Fatigue scores increased significantly following the first exercise session. Scores after the second exercise session indicated that Depressed mood decreased significantly. There was no interaction. Results lend support for the notion that exercise reduces depressed mood scores. It is suggested that researchers should consider the mechanisms that produce changes in mood following exercise.
RNase L Plays a Role in the Antiviral Response to West Nile Virus

ABSTRACT Alleles at the Flv locus determine disease outcome after a flavivirus infection in mice. Although comparable numbers of congenic resistant and susceptible mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) are infected by the flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV), resistant MEFs produce ∼100- to 150-fold lower titers than susceptible ones and flavivirus titers in the brains of resistant and susceptible animals can differ by >10,000-fold. The Flv locus was previously identified as the 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase 1b (Oas1b) gene. Oas gene expression is up-regulated by interferon (IFN), and after activation by double-stranded RNA, some mouse synthetases produce 2-5A, which activates latent RNase L to degrade viral and cellular RNAs. To determine whether the lower levels of intracellular flavivirus genomic RNA from resistant mice detected in cells at all times after infection were mediated by RNase L, RNase L activity levels in congenic resistant and susceptible cells were compared. Similar moderate levels of RNase L activation by transfected 2-5A were observed in both types of uninfected cells. After WNV infection, the mRNAs of IFN-β and three Oas genes were up-regulated to similar levels in both types of cells. However, significant levels of RNase L activity were not detected until 72 h after WNV infection and the patterns of viral RNA cleavage products generated were similar in both types of cells. When RNase L activity was down-regulated in resistant cells via stable expression of a dominant negative RNase L mutant, ∼5- to 10-times-higher yields of WNV were produced. Similarly, about ∼5- to 10-times-higher virus yields were produced by susceptible C57BL/6 RNase L−/− cells compared to RNase L+/+ cells that were either left untreated or pretreated with IFN and/or poly(I) · poly(C). The data indicate that WNV genomic RNA is susceptible to RNase L cleavage and that RNase L plays a role in the cellular antiviral response to flaviviruses. The results suggest that RNase L activation is not a major component of the Oas1b-mediated flavivirus resistance phenotype.
Towards Robust Skill Generalization : Unifying LfD and Motion Planning

We present a novel unifying approach to conventional learning from demonstration (LfD) and motion planning using probabilistic inference for skill reproduction. We also provide a new probabilistic skill model that requires minimal parameter tuning, and is more suited for encoding skill constraints and performing inference in an efficient manner. Preliminary experimental results using real-world data are presented.
Detection of Injection Attacks in In-Vehicle Networks

There have been several public demonstrations of attacks on connected vehicles showing the ability of an attacker to take control of a targeted vehicle by injecting messages into their Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. In this paper, using injected speed reading and Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) messages, we examined the ability of the Pearson correlation, the k-means clustering, and the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) techniques to differentiate ’no-attack’ and ’under-attack’ states of the given vehicle. We found that the Pearson correlation distinguishes the two states while the k-means fails to distinguish the two states and HMM can successfully detect attacks but may have a high false positive rate. In addition, we found that the HMM-based detection method, and the k-means clustering methods exhibit different capabilities to detect attacks on the speedometer and tachometer sensors. The results suggest using other features besides the data content of the CAN messages and integrate knowledge about how the Electronic Control Units (ECUs) collaborate in building effective techniques for the detection of injection of fabricated message attacks.
A Fast Rendering Method of Clouds Using Shadow-View Slices

Clouds make an important contribution when composing images for various applications such as virtual outdoor scenes. An efficient rendering method is proposed for the rendering of clouds suitable for graphics hardware. Most of the calculations for rendering clouds are processed by texture operations in the graphics hardware. The method creates images of clouds processing photo realism by taking into account the single scattering of light, shadows on the ground, and shafts of light through the clouds. It is necessary to consider the light attenuation in the sun direction and in the view direction to render the volume data of the cloud density. These attenuations are calculated in a single step, using a sectional technique called “shadow-view slice”.
ECG monitoring system based on ARM9 and mobile phone technologies

In this paper, a development of ECG monitoring system for clinical and non-clinical environments is proposed. The prototype performs the tasks of general ECG monitoring, like detection and alarm generation for Tachycardia, bradycardia, acute myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation. It exposes features like real-time processing, long term data storage, data compression and Bluetooth communications with a mobile phone, resulting in an interesting and useful Home Care and Telemedicine application over GSM Network.
Acute Stress Symptoms in Families of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit during the First 24 Hours Following Admission in Japan

Families of patients in the intensive care unit often experience sever stress. Understanding their experience is important for providing family-centered care during this difficult period. Little is known about the experience of families of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with acute stress symptoms among families of patients admitted to the ICU, we carried out a cross-sectional study at a teaching and advanced treatment hospital. The mean total Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) score differed significantly between planned and unplanned ICU admissions (t = 4.03, p < 0.05), indicating a main effect of admission type (F = 18.5, p < 0.05). There was no significant main effect of relationship (F = 0.05, p = 0.82) or interaction effect of admission type and relationship (F = 0.54, p = 0.47). Multiple regression analysis indicated that admission type was significantly associated with acute stress symptoms (B = 18.09, β = 0.47, p < 0.01), and explained 22% of the variance in total IES-R score. Whether a patient had a planned or unplanned admission to the ICU influenced symptoms associated with acute stress symptoms of family members more than did getting support from nurses, being the patient’s spouse, or the severity of illness of the patient.
Ecm 22 and Upc 2 regulate yeast mating through control of expression of the mating genes PRM 1 and PRM 4

Budding yeast mating is an excellent model for receptor-activated cell differentiation. Here we identify the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 as novel regulators of mating. Cells lacking both ECM22 and UPC2 display strong mating defects whereas deletion of either gene has no effect. Ecm22 and Upc2 positively regulate basal expression of PRM1 and PRM4. These genes are strongly induced in response to mating pheromone, which is also largely dependent on ECM22 and UPC2. We further show that deletion of PRM4 like PRM1 results in markedly reduced mating efficiency. Expression of PRM1 but not of PRM4 is also regulated by Ste12, a key transcription factor for mating. STE12 deletion lowers basal PRM1 expression, whereas STE12 overexpression strongly increases PRM1 levels. This regulation of PRM1 transcription is mediated through three Ste12-binding sites in the PRM1 promoter. Simultaneous deletion of ECM22 and UPC2 as well as mutation of the three Ste12-binding sites in the PRM1 promoter completely abolishes basal and pheromone-induced PRM1 expression, indicating that Ste12 and Ecm22/ Upc2 control PRM1 transcription through distinct pathways. In summary, we propose a novel mechanism for budding yeast mating. We suggest that Ecm22 and Upc2 regulate mating through the induction of the mating genes PRM1 and PRM4. © 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).