Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Interleukin-9 Producing Immune Cells in Endometrial Carcinoma and Establishment of a Prognostic Nomogram

Background Interleukin-9 (IL9) plays a critical role in immunity and the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer (EC), especially endometrioid EC (EEC). This study aimed to identify the IL9+ immune cell subsets and their pleiotropic functions and establish an optimized prognostic nomogram towards the promotion of personalized treatment of EEC. Methods 1,417 EC patients were involved in the present study. 143 patients from the tertiary gynecology centers in Shanghai between 2013 and 2019 were recruited, and the study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital. The genomic data of the other 1,274 patients were extracted from the TCGA and the MSKCC datasets, respectively. Immune and stromal scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE R tool, and the tumor infiltration of immune cells was analyzed using the TIMER platform. Metascape and GEPIA datasets were used for bioinformatic analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism and R studio. Results 552 genes that were correlated with leukocyte infiltration, lymphocyte activation, and regulation of innate immune response were up-regulated in the high immune score group. More IL9+ cell infiltration was detected in the highly and moderately differentiated EC (p = 0.04). High IL9+ lymphocyte infiltration was related to a better overall survival (p = 0.0027). IL9 positive cell clusters included ILC2s, Vδ2 γδT cells, mast cells, macrophages, and Th9 cells. Parameters such as FIGO stage, IL9 score, Vδ2 + γδT cell infiltration, classification of differentiation, and diabetes mellitus were assigned a weighted number of points in the nomogram for a specific predicted 3-, 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS). IL9–IL9R axis played a vital role in EEC, IL9R positive cell subgroups were also identified, and the related function was analyzed in the present study. Additionally, PR (Progesterone Receptor, or PGR) expression was relevant to a higher density of IL9+ lymphocyte infiltration. However, PGRMC1 (Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1) was negatively relevant to IL9R (p = 4.26e-8). Conclusion We observed a significant infiltration of IL9+ cells and the overrepresentation of IL-9R in tissue specimens of patients in EC cases. The nomogram incorporating the IL9 could accurately predict individualized survival probability in EEC. Additionally, this study not only established a prognostic nomogram but also assist in the firmer understanding of the relevance of the IL9-IL9R axis and IL9-producing cells in EC immunity.
The Power of Empowerment: Predictors and Benefits of Shared Leadership in Organizations

Leadership plays an essential part in creating competitive advantage and well-being among employees. One way in which formal leaders can deal with the variety of responsibilities that comes with their role is to share their responsibilities with team members (i.e., shared leadership). Although there is abundant literature on how high-quality peer leadership benefits team effectiveness (TE) and well-being, there is only limited evidence about the underpinning mechanisms of these relationships and how the formal leader can support this process. To address this lacuna, we conducted an online survey study with 146 employees from various organizations. The results suggest that an empowering leadership style of the formal leader is associated with higher perceived peer leadership quality (PLQ) on four different leadership roles (i.e., task, motivational, social, and external leader). In addition, formal leaders who empower their team members are also perceived as better leaders themselves. Moreover, the improved PLQ was in turn positively related to TE and work satisfaction, while being negatively related to burnout. In line with the social identity approach, we found that team identification mediated these relationships. Thus, high-quality peer leaders succeeded in creating a shared sense of “us” in the team, and this team identification in turn generated all the positive outcomes. To conclude, by sharing their lead and empowering the peer leaders in their team, formal leaders are key drivers of the team’s effectiveness, while also enhancing team members’ health and well-being.
Membrane Proteocomplexome of Campylobacter jejuni Using 2-D Blue Native/SDS-PAGE Combined to Bioinformatics Analysis

Campylobacter is the leading cause of the human bacterial foodborne infections in the developed countries. The perception cues from biotic or abiotic environments by the bacteria are often related to bacterial surface and membrane proteins that mediate the cellular response for the adaptation of Campylobacter jejuni to the environment. These proteins function rarely as a unique entity, they are often organized in functional complexes. In C. jejuni, these complexes are not fully identified and some of them remain unknown. To identify putative functional multi-subunit entities at the membrane subproteome level of C. jejuni, a holistic non a priori method was addressed using two-dimensional blue native/Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in strain C. jejuni 81–176. Couples of acrylamide gradient/migration-time, membrane detergent concentration and hand-made strips were optimized to obtain reproducible extraction and separation of intact membrane protein complexes (MPCs). The MPCs were subsequently denatured using SDS-PAGE and each spot from each MPCs was identified by mass spectrometry. Altogether, 21 MPCs could be detected including multi homo-oligomeric and multi hetero-oligomeric complexes distributed in both inner and outer membranes. The function, the conservation and the regulation of the MPCs across C. jejuni strains were inspected by functional and genomic comparison analyses. In this study, relatedness between subunits of two efflux pumps, CmeABC and MacABputC was observed. In addition, a consensus sequence CosR-binding box in promoter regions of MacABputC was present in C. jejuni but not in Campylobacter coli. The MPCs identified in C. jejuni 81–176 membrane are involved in protein folding, molecule trafficking, oxidative phosphorylation, membrane structuration, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, motility and chemotaxis, stress signaling, efflux pumps and virulence.
Release site selection: reintroductions and the habitat concept

Abstract Identifying release sites with good habitat quality is one of the most important steps in any reintroduction project. However, despite their wide application in legislation and research, the habitat concept and habitat-related terms remain poorly defined and subject to confusion. Reviewing a variety of definitions, we advocate for understanding habitat as an area with a species-specific set of resources and environmental conditions that enable a population to persist and reproduce. Using this understanding we investigated release site selection as well as the usage of the term habitat and other habitat-related terms in 324 reintroduction case studies and reintroduction policy documents published during January 1990–May 2016. Although the use of the habitat concept in these publications remained mostly unclear because of the lack of definitions provided, we found an overall improvement in the quality of reintroduction site assessment, and a shift towards more systematic approaches, such as habitat modelling and experimental translocation. To further improve reporting on release site selection, we recommend updating IUCN reintroduction publications and encouraging practitioners to consider the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of habitat, as well as the multiple scales at which a species selects its habitat, in the design of a release site assessment.
STABILIZATION OF EXTENDED DIFFUSE OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS ON IN VIVO HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE DURING DYNAMIC EXERCISE

OF THESIS STABILIZATION OF EXTENDED DIFFUSE OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS ON IN VIVO HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE DURING DYNAMIC EXERCISE This research investigates various applications of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) on in-vivo human muscle tissue, both at rest and during dynamic exercise. Previously suspected muscle tissue relative blood flow (rBF) baseline shift during extended measurement with DCS and DCS-Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) hybrid optical systems are verified, quantified, and resolved by redesign of optical probe and alteration in optical probe attachment methodology during 40 minute supine bed rest baseline measurements. We then translate previously developed occlusion techniques, whereby rBF and relative oxygen consumption rV̇O2 are calibrated to initial resting absolute values by use of a venous occlusion (VO) and arterial occlusion (AO) protocol, respectively, to the lower leg (gastrocnemius) and these blood flows are cross validated at rest by strain gauge venous plethysmography (SGVP). Methods used to continuously observe 0.5Hz, 30% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) plantar flexion exercise via dynamometer are adapted for our hybrid DCS-Imagent diffuse optical flow-oximeter in the medial gastrocnemius. We obtain healthy control muscle tissue hemodynamic profiles for key parameters BF, V̇O2, oxygen saturation (StO2), deoxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin concentrations ([Hb], [HbO2], and THC respectively), as well as systemic mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse rate (PR), at rest, during VO/AO, during dynamic exercise and during 15 minute recovery periods. Next, we began investigation of muscle tissue hemodynamic disease states by performing a feasibility pilot study using limited numbers of controls and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients using the translated methods/techniques to determine the ability of our technology to assess differences in these populations.
Machine Learning for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

Saving electrical energy is one important way of tackling the anthropogenic climate change. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is an information retrieval process for electrical appliances and their energy consumption without any signi cant intervention into the electric circuit. NILM may help reduce energy consumption by providing detailed consumption reports on the appliance level to consumers. By using new approaches based on machine and representation learning, we show the possibilities and limitations of consumption feedback under real-world circumstances. The energy consumption feedback with NILM follows four processing steps of which we address the two inner steps in detail: event detection and appliance recognition. We present an e cient, machine learning based appliance recognition system, that uses the best-performing selection from a comprehensive comparison of 36 appliance features. To extract and evaluate appliance speci c features, the WHITED dataset with 1259 individual appliance measurements has been composed. The focus lies on isolated measurements of the rst 5 s after the appliance start-up. To provide a suggestion for the most e ective usage in households, three smart meter con guration setups for appliance recognition are evaluated with multiple datasets. Object of relevance is the database from which the appliance recognition system learns. Regarding the event detection, the number of falsely positive detected events from switch-mode power supply (SMPS) equipped appliances can be reduced with the help of our multivariate event detection and its adaptive training approach. The detection is based on learning from consumer relevant appliance events to distinguish them from non-relevant appliance transients. Furthermore, we show that the appliance recognition can be implemented with modern deep learning approaches, allowing to relinquish from hand-crafted appliance feature extraction. Depending on the volume of supervised labeled training data, we can gain the same classi cation performances, compared to the classical machine learning approach with hand-crafted feature extraction.
Visualization, design, and scaling of drop generation in coflow processes

x rates from 1000 to 90’000 fps. Using microchannel, streak imaging (StrIm) and micro particle image velocimetry (μPIV) were employed to map and visualize the entire flow situation in and around the forming droplet, which is influenced by the flow geometry, processing conditions, and material parameters. The dripping droplet formation mechanism can be categorized into three stages: (i) start of the droplet forming called filling stage, (ii) necking stage in which the droplet is still continuously provided with liquid from the capillary, and (iii) pinching or breaking-off after that the droplet starts to flow along the channel following the stream of the ambient fluid. The kinetics at the capillary tip in the coflow system strongly depends on the stresses acting on the droplet during generation. We found that at high velocity difference (or at lower velocity ratio, vd/vc) between both phases, the drag forces imposed by the ambient fluid dominate interfacial tension forces in macro as well as in mini scaled coflow devices. The presence of surfactant has little influence under such flow conditions but the droplets are highly uniform. At lower velocity difference (or at higher vd/vc) in the same channel scales the interfacial forces strongly affect the drop filling, breakup and satellite droplet formation. In microchannel, however, we observed that the droplet production shows most pronounced dependency on the viscous drag forces due to the smaller geometrical lengths scale and lower velocity differences in general. With the addition of HPGG polymer into the disperse phase, additional differences in the droplet dynamics are clearly detected. As a result of the elastic extra stresses developed within the viscoelastic fluid, elongated drop creation and the generation of a thread, while pinching off, were visualized. The drop breakup experiments, including all available solutions and process parameters, were finally characterized in terms of Weber, Reynolds, Capillary, Ohnesorge, and S-numbers (surface tension number). The resulting Ca-We-phase diagram covers a wide range of parameters (2.96·10 ≤ We ≤ 5.9·10, 2.56·10 ≤ Ca ≤ 11.5, 10 ≤ Re ≤ 2.5·10, 1.3·10 ≤ Oh ≤ 3.53, and 1.7·10 ≤ S ≤ 3.62·10). The graph represents a significant contribution to predict the flow behavior of drop breakup dynamics in geometrically similar drop dispersing devices. Additionally, it is a generalized illustration of the main forces acting in coflow channels at three different length scales under approximate similar flow conditions in the vicinity of the forming droplet at the capillary tip. A preliminary force balance based on an analytical model is discussed for the approximate prediction of the primary droplet size.
Exploring the Optical Properties of Leaf Photosynthetic and Photo-Protective Pigments In Vivo Based on the Separation of Spectral Overlapping

The in vivo features of the absorption of leaf photosynthetic and photo-protective pigments are closely linked to the leaf spectrum in the 400–800 nm regions. However, this information is difficult to obtain because the overlapping leaf pigments can mask the contribution of individual pigments to the leaf spectrum. Here, to limit the masking phenomenon between these pigments, the separation technology for leaf spectral overlapping was employed in the PROSPECT model with the ZJU dataset. The main results of this study include the following aspects: (1) the absorption coefficients of separated chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and anthocyanins in the leaf in vivo display the physical principles of forming an absorption spectrum similar to those in an organic solution; (2) the differences in the position of each absorption peak of pigments between the leaf in vivo and in an organic solution can be described by a spectral displacement parameter; and (3) the overlapping characteristics between the separated pigments in the leaf in vivo are clearly drawn by a range of absorption feature (RAF) parameter. Moreover, the absorption coefficients of the separated pigments were successfully applied in leaf spectral modeling and pigment retrieval. The results show that the separated multiple pigment absorption coefficients from the leaf spectrum in vivo are effective and provide a framework for future refinements in describing leaf optical properties.
Estimates of Forest Canopy Height Using a Combination of ICESat-2/ATLAS Data and Stereo-Photogrammetry

Forest canopy height is an indispensable forest vertical structure parameter for understanding the carbon cycle and forest ecosystem services. A variety of studies based on spaceborne Lidar, such as ICESat, ICESat-2 and airborne Lidar, were conducted to estimate forest canopy height at multiple scales. However, while a few studies have been conducted based on ICESat-2 simulated data from airborne Lidar data, few studies have analyzed ATL08 and ATL03 products derived from the ATLAS sensor onboard ICESat-2 for regional vegetation canopy height mapping. It is necessary and promising to explore how data obtained by ICESat-2 can be applied to estimate forest canopy height. This study proposes a new means to estimate forest canopy height, defined as the mean height of trees within a given forest area, using a combination of ICESat-2 ATL08 and ATL03 data and ZY-3 satellite stereo images. Five procedures were used to estimate the forest canopy height of the city of Nanning in China: (1) Processing ground photons in a 30 m × 30 m grid; (2) Extracting a digital surface model (DSM) using ZY-3 stereo images; (3) Calculating a discontinuous canopy height model (CHM) dataset; (4) Validating the DSM and ground photon height using GEDI data; (5) Estimating the regional wall-to-wall forest canopy height product based on the backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model and Landsat 8 vegetation indices and independent accuracy assessments with field measured plots. The validation shows a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.34 m to 3.47 m and a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.51. The new method shows promise and can be used for large-scale forest canopy height mapping at various resolutions or in combination with other data, such as SAR images. Finally, this study analyzes resolutions and how to filter effective data when ATL08 data are directly used to generate regional or global vegetation height products, which will be the focus of future research.
Influence of DEM Elaboration Methods on the USLE Model Topographical Factor Parameter on Steep Slopes

Runoff erosion is an important theme in hydrological investigations. Models assessing soil erosion are based on various algorithms that determine the relief coefficient using rasterized digital elevation models (DEMs). For evaluation of soil loss, the most-used model worldwide is the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation), where the most essential part is the LS parameter, which is, in turn, generated from two parameters: L (slope length coefficient) and S (slope inclination). The most significant limitation of LS is the difficulty in obtaining the data needed to generate detailed DEMs. We investigated three popular data generation methods: aerial photographs (AP), aerial laser scanning (ALS), and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) by assessing the quality and effect of DEMs generated from each method over an area of 40 m × 200 m in Silesia, Poland. Additionally, the relationship between particular LSUSLE parameter components was carried out based on its final distribution. Our results show that resolution strongly influences DEMs and the LSUSLE parameters. We found a strong relationship between the degree of height data resolution and the accuracy level of the calculated parameters. Based on our investigations we confirmed the highest influence on the LSUSLE came from the S parameter. Additionally, we concluded that in examinations over large areas, terrestrial laser scanners are not ideal; the benefits of their additional accuracy are outweighed by the additional time and labor consumption; in addition, terrestrial-based scans are sometimes not possible due to ground obstacles the limited scope of most lasers. Aerial photographs or point clouds generated by aerial laser scanners are sufficient for most purposes connected with surface flow, and further developments can be based on the use of these techniques for obtaining ground information for modeling erosion processes.
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED LUMINESCENT LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES: FROM SMALL MOLECULES TO MACROMOLECULES

Luminescent lanthanide complexes have great potential for practical applications such as fluoroimmunoassay, polymer-based optical signal amplifiers, active materials in lasers and bio-imaging. Interest in the lanthanide cations as luminescent probes stems from their unique photophysical properties such as sharp emission bands, photostability and long luminescence lifetimes. In order to generate a sufficient number of photons allowing sensitive detection, lanthanide cations must be sensitized with suitable antennae that possess the appropriate electronic structure and that can sufficiently protect the cation from high energy vibrations to prevent the non-radiative deactivation of the lanthanide luminescence. In this thesis, it has been demonstrated that a series of salophen derivatives can be used as an efficient sensitizer for near-infrared emitting lanthanide cations, and derivatives of naphthalimide-attached polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers can be used as suitable ligands for visible and near infrared emitting lanthanide cations. These systems fulfill the requirements for lanthanide luminescence by forming stable coordination with lanthanide cations, protecting lanthanide cations from non-radiative deactivation and having suitable energy levels for efficient energy transfer to specific lanthanide cations. By introducing functional groups on the surface of dendrimer complex, the physical and photophysical properties of the complex can be controlled. It has been demonstrated that the versatility of dendrimer-lanthanide complexes as backbones for a broad variety of applications.