Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of an infrared sensor (metal/ferroelectric/semiconductor) with high-speed response

In this paper, a thin PbTiO3-n-p+ silicon switch sensor has been developed, in which the switching voltage (the turned-on voltage) changes in proportion to the infrared light power. The sensor has a rapid response time of 0.65 μs compared with other conventional infrared sensors. It is attributed to the rapid switching device structure and the smaller pyroelectric layer thickness, 50 nm. Meanwhile in this paper, we have successfully analyzed the rapid switching transient response by using heat conduction and switching theory. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis.
Novel on chip-interconnection structures for giga-scale integration VLSI ICS

Based on the guidelines of International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) Intel has already designed and manufactured the next generation product of the Itanium family containing 1.72 billion transistors. In each new technology due to scaling, individual transistors are becoming smaller and faster, and are dissipating low power. The main challenge with these systems is wiring of these billion transistors since wire length interconnect scaling increases the distributed resistance-capacitance product. In addition, high clock frequencies necessitate reverse scaling of global and semi-global interconnects so that they satisfy the timing constraints. Hence, the performances of future GSI systems will be severely restricted by interconnect performance. It is therefore essential to look at interconnect design techniques that will reduce the impact of interconnect networks on the power, performance and cost of the entire system. In this paper a new routing technique called Wave-Pipelined Multiplexed (WPM) Routing similar to Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is discussed. This technique is highly useful for the current high density CMOS VLSI ICs. The major advantages of WPM routing technique are flexible, robust, simple to implement, and realized with low area, low power and performance overhead requirements.
Application of the Volterra filter in experimental diffraction data processing

The effective signal in x-ray diffraction analysis of material properties often contains high frequency (noise) and low frequency (trend) components as additive parts. It is necessary to extract the effective signal from the noise to ensure high quality of signal processing. Digital filters of Volterra type are proposed for filtering purposes and a comparison of Volterra filtration implemented on x-ray diffraction data versus results from a set of other digital filters is given.
Psychological characteristics and associations between kidney transplant recipients and biologically related or unrelated living donors: a retrospective observational study

Background : Although recipients and donors in living kidney transplantation are exposed to psychological distress, including depression and anxiety during the pre-operative period, only a few studies have evaluated their psychological relationship. This study aimed at determining the psychological characteristics and correlation between transplant recipients and donors as well as at investigating it in relation to biologically related and unrelated donors. Methods : This retrospective study on living kidney transplantation at the Korea University Anam Hospital was conducted from April 2008 to June 2019. While participants’ personality patterns were assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2), their mood states before transplantation were evaluated via both the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test and Spearman’s correlation analyses. Results : The recipient group showed a significantly higher sub-score in hypochondriasis (t =-4.49, P=.0001), depression (t =-3.36, P=.0015), hysteria (t =-3.30, P=.0018), STAI-T (t =-2.14, P=0.0372), and CES-D (t =-3.93, P=.0003) than donor group. A comparison of the psychological association between the recipient and donor groups revealed a significant positive correlation in the STAI-S (r=.357, P=.009) and CES-D (r=.362, P=.008). When assessing the difference in correlation based on the biological relationship between the recipients and donors, there is a positive correlation in CES-D (r=.415, P=.0202) in biologically related donors and recipients. In biologically unrelated but emotionally related group, recipients’ STAI-S score and donors’ STAI-S (r=0.413, P=.163), STAI-T (r=.559, P=009) score is positively correlated, and recipients’ STAI-T score and donors’ STAI-S (r=.466, P=.033), STAI-T (r=.520, P=.016) score is also positively correlated. Besides, recipients’ CES-D and donors’ STAI-S (r=.529, P=.014) and STAI-T (r=.560, P=.008) score show a positive correlation. Conclusions : The study indicated that transplantation recipients suffered from a higher level of depression and anxiety compared to the donors before transplantation. The findings suggest that recipients are more depressive and anxious than donors, and psychological problems like depression and anxiety can be shared in living kidney transplantation donors and recipients, especially in biologically unrelated but emotionally related groups.
Four current-tunable chaotic oscillators in set of two diode-reversible pairs

Four current-tunable chaotic oscillators are presented in a set of two diode-reversible pairs. The first pair employs a floating-diode technique whereas the second pair employs a virtually-grounded-diode technique. Two chaotic attractors of a pair are 180°-rotated images of each other. Each oscillator consists of six basic electronic components which are minimal in a category of chaotic oscillators that exploit a capacitor-inductor-capacitor network, opamp(s), diode(s) and resistor(s). Current-tunable bifurcations are demonstrated.
Validation of New Formulations for Propeller Analysis

This paper reports the development of a new propeller design and analysis tool. JBLADE uses an improved version of blade element momentum that embeds a new model for the three-dimensional flow equilibrium. In addition, a new method for the prediction of the airfoil drag coefficient at a 90 deg angle of attack for a better poststall modeling is also presented. The software is developed as an open-source tool for the simulation of propellers and has the capability to estimate the performance of a given propeller geometry in design and offdesign operating conditions. The software allows the introduction of the blade geometry as an arbitrary number of sections. To validate the code, the propellers from NACA Technical Report 530 by Gray (“Wind-Tunnel Tests of Two Hamilton Standard Propellers Embodying Clark Y and NACA 16-Series Blade Sections,” 1941) and NACA Technical Report 594 by Theodorsen et al. (“Characteristics of Six Propellers Including the High-Speed Range,” 1937) were simulated and the results were .
Menstrual Pattern Disorder Related to Physical Activity and Stress Psychic Soldiers Female Student of Indonesian Navy

A disorder of menstrual patterns in women of productive age can have an impact on quality of life, risk factors for menstrual pattern disorders include physical activity and psychological stress. The purpose of the study was to analyse the correlation between physical activity and stress relations with the pattern of correlations between female students in the Indonesian Navy’s First Bintara Education. This research was an observational analytic study using cross sectional study. The sample in this study was 95 female students. For measuring the grade of physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) the grade of psychological stress using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42), and monitoring patterns of menstrual patterns in the first 3 months during military education, then analysed using bivariate. The results of statistical tests using Chi Square obtained p value of physical activity that has (p = 0.008; OR 24.3) and stress (p = 0.019), showing related correlations related to physical activity and psychological stress on the correlation of menstrual patterns in the troops female soldiers in military education.
Replica Correlation‐Based Synchronization with Low Complexity and Frequency Offset Immunity

This paper investigates the multifarious nature of the long‐term evolution (LTE) scheme and that of the modified LTE scheme for symbol timing synchronization (STS). This investigation allows us to propose a new replica correlation‐based STS scheme to overcome the inherent weaknesses of the other two schemes. The proposed STS signal combines a gold sequence and a half sine wave in the time domain, whereas conventional STS signals specify either binary sequences or complex sequences in the time domain or in the frequency domain. In the proposed scheme, a sufficient correlation property is realized by the gold sequence, and robustness against the frequency offset (FO) is achieved through the sine wave. Compared to the existing LTE‐related schemes, the proposed scheme can better achieve immunity to FO and reduction in detector complexity, as well as a low peak‐to‐average power ratio and a low detection error rate. Performance evaluations through analysis and simulation are provided in the paper to demonstrate these attributes.
Microwave Measurement Techniques for Below-Resonance Junction Circulators (Short Papers)

To have a full understanding of the experimental behavior of a junction circulator it is necessary to be able to measure the gyrator conductance, the susceptance slope parameter, and the frequencies of the two split resonant modes of the junction. It is also useful to be able to construct mode charts to determine the geometry of the device. The purpose of this short paper is to give simple methods by which each of these parameters may be measured in the case of the below-resonance stripline circulator. The techniques developed here all stem from the scattering and immittance matrices of the device. They are therefore quite general. They also require no phase information which makes them ideally suitable for reflectometer-type measurement. All measurements described here are made in the input transmission line of the device with the other two ports connected to similar transmission lines terminated in their characteristic impedance. The results obtained here apply to Iossless circulators for which the two resonant modes are symmetrically split by the magnetic field, and for which the frequency variation of the third mode can be omitted.
Three-dimensional finite, boundary, and hybrid element solutions of the Maxwell equations for lossy dielectric media

Finite, boundary, and hybrid element approaches are presented as numerical methods for computing electromagnetic (EM) fields inside lossy dielectric objects. These techniques are implemented as computer algorithms for solving the Maxwell equations in heterogeneous media in three dimensions. Algorithm verification takes the form of comparisons of test cases with analytic solutions. Computed results for each technique are in good agreement with exact solutions, especially in light of the coarse computational grid resolutions used. Implementation was in FORTRAN on a moderate-sized computer (MicroVax II). The basic problem formulation is quite general; however, it has direct application in hyperthermia as a cancer therapy where the EM fields produced inside the patient by external sources are of interest. An example of the application of these numerical methods in a three-dimensional clinical setting is shown. >
Ultra-wideband bandpass filter with notch and upper-band suppression

A novel ultra-wide band (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) rejecting two unnecessary bands is proposed. The filter consists of a modified stepped impedance resonator (SIR) and four interdigital coupled lines in the main part. Three pairs of open stubs are connected to the SIR in order to make notch in the passband and reject the upper-stopband. By optimizing the length, width and location of the stubs, -10dB suppression is realized from 5.15 GHz to 5.8 GHz and from 11 GHz to 30 GHz. The proposed filter size is 16.4 × 4.2 mm2. 2.5 dimentional EM simulator was used to optimize the filter layout, and the measured results are good agreement with the simulated responses. The 3 dB bandwidth of our proposed UWB BPF is from 3.2 to 4.9 GHz and form 6.2 to 10.5 GHz in experiment.
Exposure Time Variation Method Using DMD for Microstereolithography

In stereolithography, parts are fabricated by curing photopolymeric resins with light. The application of stereolithography can now be extended to a very small scale. The process, called microstereolithography, can fabricate parts on a microscale without any further consideration of geometry complexity. In particular, projection-type microstereolithography can perform quite rapid fabrication that cures a specific cross section in one exposure to light without movement. However, in the case where the light source has a nonuniform intensity or an aberration caused by its optics, the part might have some distortion, and this is commonly the case. Because the material experiences shrinkage when it is cured, the light intensity over the entire cross section should be uniform. This study utilizes a Dynamic Mirror Device, which is mainly used for beam shaping, to control the beam intensity also. This control makes the beam intensity profile flat and reduces the distortion to a great degree. This paper presents the concept of an exposure time control method that makes the beam intensity uniform, and it also presents some experimental results.
Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: an algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions

As the maximum power operating point (MPOP) of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems changes with changing atmospheric conditions (e.g. solar radiation and temperature), an important consideration in the design of efficient PV systems is to track the MPOP correctly. Many maximum power tracking (MPT) techniques have been considered in the past but techniques using microprocessors with appropriate MPT algorithms are favoured because of their flexibility and compatibility with different PV arrays. Although the efficiency of these MPT algorithms is usually high, it drops noticeably in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The authors have developed a new MPT algorithm based on the fact that the MPOP of a PV generator can be tracked accurately by comparing the incremental and instantaneous conductances of the PV array. The work was carried out by both simulation and experiment, with results showing that the developed incremental conductance (IncCond) algorithm has successfully tracked the MPOP, even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, and has higher efficiency than ordinary algorithms in terms of total PV energy transferred to the load.
EMCV Replication in BHK-21 in Vitro is Mediated by Caveolin-1, Actin, Dynamin-Dependent Endocytic Pathway

Background: Encephalomycarditis virus is a member of Cardiovirus, belongs to the family Picornaviridae, and can infect different domestic and wild animals. However, the endocytic pathway by which EMCV infected BHK-21 cells remains unclear. In this study, endocytic pathway used by EMCV replication in BHK-21 cells was elucidated.Methods: The function of numerous cellular key factors implicated in the various endocytic mechanisms known to date were systematic detected using chemical inhibitors. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) silencing, the overexpression of dominant protein combined to virus infectivity assays, and confocal imaging to examine which cellular molecules involved in the infection process were also analyzed.Results: The results indicated that the EMCV replication was related to endocytosis. However, neither clathrin nor macropinocytosis pathway was involved in virus infection. QRT-PCR and WB analyses showed that caveolin-1 were significantly up-regulated in EMCV infected BHK-21 cells. Immune-fluorescent confocal microscopy analysis showed that caveolin-1 was temporally co-localized with EMCV VP1 at the early stage of EMCV infection. Overexpressed caveolin-1 or downregulated caveolin-1 expression influenced the EMCV infection. Furthermore, EMCV infection was found to depend on dynamin and actin by chemical inhibitors resulted in diminished of virus infection.Conclusions: EMCV replication in BHK-21 cells via caveolin-1, dynamin, and actin-dependent endocytosis pathways.
High volume production of silicon sensor microsystems for automotive applications

SensoNor asa is an independent company operating as an OEM-supplier located in Horten, Norway. The business idea is to develop, manufacture and market microsensors, preferably for high volume applications, based on silicon micromechanics technology. The company has a range of some standard products and offers application specific sensors such for mechanical quantities such as pressure and acceleration. Over the past 30 years SensoNor has been in the technological forefront to offer microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) solutions to customers. Over these years a broad technological base has been built up. SensoNor has been able to service the demanding task of introducing MEMS solutions to replace traditional sensors in the filed of avionics and precision metrology. Even more so, significant advances have been made in high volume applications such as automotive and medicine. SensoNor is today the world's largest independent manufacturer of crash sensors for automotive applications and a leading supplier of sensors for medical applications. At date of writing in September 1996, SensoNor has an accumulated production volume of more than 18 million units of the SA20 Crash Sensor, with a market share of approximately 75% in Europe last year for automotive crash sensors for air bag safety systems.
MILP for the Inventory and Routing for Replenishment Problem in the Car Assembly Line.

The inbound logistic for feeding the workstation inside the factory represents a critical issue in the car manufacturing industry. Nowadays, this issue is even more critical than in the past since more types of car are being produced in the assembly lines. Consequently, as workstations have to install many types of components, they also need to have an inventory of different types of the component in a compact space. The replenishment is a critical issue since a lack of inventory could cause line stoppage or reworking. On the other hand, an excess of inventory could increase the holding cost or even block the replenishment paths. The decision of the replenishment routes cannot be made without taking into consideration the inventory needed by each station during the production time which will depend on the production sequence. This problem deals with medium-sized instances and it is solved using online solvers. The contribution of this paper is a MILP for the replenishment and inventory of the components in a car assembly line.
A review of building/infrastructure sustainability reporting tools (SRTs)

Purpose – Buildings/infrastructure are recognised to have a significant impact on the environment and the community, and hence there is pressure on industry practitioners to incorporate environmental and social considerations in addition to the traditional cost, time and quality. The development of sustainability reporting tools (SRTs) to assist in the management of “green” building/infrastructure projects is pivotal in informing on progress in sustainability practices. However, the rapid growth of SRTs in the last decade, with different criteria and methodology, has created complications for stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a comprehensive review of tools to guide practitioners, property investors, policy makers and developers towards making informed choices in “green” building/infrastructure projects. Comparative analyses, benefits and limitations of these tools are discussed in the paper. Findings – Some of the findings from the analysis of SRTs include: an emphasis on env.
Elimination Pathways of Fusion Protein and Peptide Drugs

Fusion proteins have been known as an interesting subject for scientific researches in improving properties or making a new function by synergistically incorporating two protein domains into one complex. Fusion proteins are created by ligation of two or more protein domains in a single polypeptide with functional properties. Improvement of therapeutic function is one of the main goals for developing these products. Elimination from the body is one of the most important points that should be considered in the design and production of fusion proteins. This review describes some of the most important excretion/elimination pathways of fusion peptide and protein drugs as well as serious elimination challenges in the development and manufacturing of fusion proteins.
Structure, Chronology, and Local Social Meaning of a Supra-Local Vowel Shift: Emergence of the Low-Back-Merger Shift in New England

Abstract The Low-Back-Merger Shift (LBMS) is a major North American vowel chain shift spreading across many disparate dialect regions. In this field-based study, we examine the speech of fifty-nine White Western Massachusetts speakers, aged 18–89. Using diagnostics in Becker (2019) and Boberg (2019b), we find the LBMS emerging at the expense of the Northern Cities Shift (Labov, Yaeger, & Steiner, 1972) and traditional New England features (Boberg, 2001; Kurath, 1939; Nagy & Roberts, 2004). In Becker's LBMS model (2019:9), the low-back merger (lot-thought) triggers front-vowel shifts. Our results suggest that local social meaning can sometimes override this chronology such that the front-vowel shifts occur before the low-back merger, even as the overall configuration comes to match Becker's predictions. Sociosymbolic meaning associated with the older New England system has led to a different temporal ordering of LBMS components, thus providing new theoretical and empirical insights into the mechanisms by which supralocal patterns are adopted.
Power dissipation characteristics of great power and super high speed semiconductor switch

The power dissipation characteristics of pulsed power switch reversely switched dynistors (RSDs) are investigated in this paper. According to the expressions of voltage on RSD, derived from the plasma bipolar drift model and the RLC circuit equations of RSD main loop, the simulation waveforms of current and voltage on RSD are acquired through iterative calculation by using the fourth order Runge–Kutta method, then the curve of transient power on RSD versus time is obtained. The result shows that the total dissipation on RSD is trivial compared with the pulse discharge energy and the commutation dissipation can be nearly ignored compared with the quasi-static dissipation. These characteristics can make the repetitive frequency of RSD increase largely. The experimental results prove the validity of simulation calculations. The influence factors on power dissipation are discussed. The power dissipation increases with the increase of the peak current and the n-base width and with the decrease of n-base doping concentration. In order to keep a low power dissipation, it is suggested that the n-base width should be smaller than 320μm when doping concentration is 1.0×1014cm−3 while the doping concentration should be higher than 5.8×1013cm−3 when n-base width is 270μm.