Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Communities Using Link and Content Triangles

Community detection for uncovering the hidden community structure in large networks is an important task in analyzing complex networks. Most of the existing methods only consider link structure in networks, where the link information is usually sparse and noisy, which may result in a poor partition of a network. Fortunately, besides link structure, nodes, especially in social networks, are often associated with certain symbolic or textual attributes, which we refer to as content. Content, therefore, is expected to serve as a reasonable complement for finding a good partition. In this work, we propose an algorithm LICT to detect communities with link and content triangles. It works in three steps: 1) network expansion with content similarity; 2) community detection in weighted network; and 3) refinement by weighted triangle modularity. Experimental results on several real data sets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective for community detection and robust in the presence of link noise.
Modulation of Sp1 Phosphorylation by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat

ABSTRACT We previously reported (K. T. Jeang, R. Chun, N. H. Lin, A. Gatignol, C. G. Glabe, and H. Fan, J. Virol. 67:6224–6233, 1993) that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat and Sp1 form a protein-protein complex. Here, we have characterized the physical interaction and a functional consequence of Tat-Sp1 contact. Using in vitro protein chromatography, we mapped the region in Tat that contacts Sp1 to amino acids 30 to 55. We found that in cell-free reactions, Tat augmented double-stranded DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)-mediated Sp1 phosphorylation in a contact-dependent manner. Tat mutants that do not bind Sp1 failed to influence phosphorylation of the latter. In complementary experiments, we also found that Tat forms protein-protein contacts with DNA-PK. We confirmed that in HeLa and Jurkat cells, Tat expression indeed increased the intracellular amount of phosphorylated Sp1 in a manner consistent with the results of cell-free assays. Furthermore, using two phosphatase inhibitors and a kinase inhibitor, we demonstrated a modulation of reporter gene expression as a consequence of changes in Sp1 phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings suggest that activity at the HIV-1 promoter is influenced by phosphorylation of Sp1 which is affected by Tat and DNA-PK.
Mouse imprinting defect mutations that model Angelman syndrome

Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are neurobehavioral disorders resulting from deficiency of imprinted gene expression from paternal or maternal chromosome 15q11‐15q13, respectively. In humans, expression of the imprinted genes is under control of a bipartite cis‐acting imprinting center (IC). Families with deletions causing PWS imprinting defects localize the PWS‐IC to 4.3 kb overlapping with SNRPN exon 1. Families with deletions causing AS imprinting defects localize the AS‐IC to 880 bp 35 kb upstream of the PWS‐IC. We report two mouse mutations resulting in defects similar to that seen in AS patients with deletion of the AS‐IC. An insertion/duplication mutation 13 kb upstream of Snrpn exon 1 resulted in lack of methylation at the maternal Snrpn promoter, activation of maternally repressed genes, and decreased expression of paternally repressed genes. The acquisition of a paternal epigenotype on the maternal chromosome in the mutant mice was demonstrated by the ability to rescue the lethality and growth retardation in a mouse model of a PWS imprinting defect. A second mutation, an 80‐kb deletion extending upstream of the first mutation, caused a similar imprinting defect with variable penetrance. These results suggest that there is a mouse functional equivalent to the human AS‐IC. genesis 44:12–22, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Genetic Network Underlying Rhizome Development in Oryza longistaminata

The rhizome is an important organ through which many perennial plants are able to propagate vegetatively. Its ecological role has been thoroughly studied on many grass species while the underlying genetic basis is mainly investigated using a rhizomatous wild rice species—Oryza longistaminata. Previous studies have revealed that the rhizome trait in O. longistaminata is jointly controlled by multiple loci, yet how these loci interact with each other remains elusive. Here, an F2 population derived from Oryza sativa (RD23) and O. longistaminata was used to map loci that affect rhizome-related traits. We identified 13 major-effect loci that may jointly control rhizomatousness in O. longistaminata and a total of 51 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified to affect rhizome abundance. Notably, some of these loci were found to have effects on more than one rhizome-related trait. For each trait, a genetic network was constructed according to the genetic expectations of the identified loci. Furthermore, to gain an overview of the genetic regulation on rhizome development, a comprehensive network integrating all these individual networks was assembled. This network consists of three subnetworks that control different aspects of rhizome expression. Judging from the nodes’ role in the network and their corresponding traits, we speculated that qRHZ-3-1, qRHZ-4, qRHI-2, and qRHI-5 are the key loci for rhizome development. Functional verification using rhizome-free recombinant inbred lines (RILs) suggested that qRHI-2 and qRHI-5, two multi-trait controlling loci that appeared to be critical in our network analyses, are likely both needed for rhizome formation. Our results provide more insights into the genetic basis of rhizome development and may facilitate identification of key rhizome-related genes.
Multi-view Gait Based Biometric System

This paper presents a multi-view gait based biometric system that able to work well in various walking trajectories and covariate factors such as clothing, load carrying and speed of walking. Our approach first applies perspective correction to alter the silhouettes from oblique view to side-view plane. Next, joint locations of hip, knees and ankles are estimated based on a priori information of human body proportion. Dynamic and static gait features are then extracted by the proposed extraction technique. Gaussian filter is applied to smooth the features in order to reduce the influence of outliers. Feature normalization and selection are subsequently applied before the classification process. The experiments were carried out on SOTON Oblique Database and SOTON Covariate Database from University of Southampton. From the experimental results, the proposed system achieved 92.5% and 96.0% correct classification rates for both databases respectively.
Factors Affecting the Use of ICT Services in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia: The Case Study of Southern Regional State in Hossana Town Branches

ICT has brought unprecedented changes and transformation to banks such as online banking, mobile banking, branch networking, automated teller machine (ATM)and Point of sale services. In Ethiopia, in particular to the government-owned Commercial Bank the lack of assistance of employee to its customers on ICT enabled-services and resistance within them hamper its slow adoption. Thus, the purpose of the study is to identify factor affecting customers and employees usage of ICT services in selected branches of commercial banks in Hossana town branches. The study employs descriptive research design and both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Using structured questionnaires, observations and personal interview, the data were collected from 192samples which were selected by employing availability, convenient and purposive sampling techniques. In order to achieve the research objective descriptive and econometrics (ANOVA, pears correlation and multiple regression models) were employed for data Case Study Tirkaso and Cerna; ACRI, 5(2): 1-8, 2016; Article no. ACRI.27924 2 analysis. The result of multiple regression model revealed that gender and marital status had no influence on the use of ICT services; there was a positive relationship between the age, education level, occupation, security concern, system quality and experiences of the respondents with the use of ICT services. The study confirmed that lack of computer literate professionals, high cost of internet, power interruption, security risk, system quality risk, poor internet connectivity, lack of ICT skilled employees and customers are a major factors that affect Information and Communication Technology services in the banks. Thus, it has been recommended that Commercial Bank of Ethiopia should give additional emphasis to reliability, responsive and transaction efficiency to increase the awareness of customers and employees to use ICT services.
[The German short version of "Profile of Mood States" (POMS): psychometric evaluation in a representative sample].

The German short version of "Profile of Mood States" (POMS) was psychometrically tested in a representative sample (1009 subjects in Eastern Germany and 1034 subjects in Western Germany). The 35 items (7 point scale, instruction "How you have been feeling during the past 24 hours? ") form the following scales: Depression/Anxiety, Fatigue, Vigor, Hostility. The POMS appears to be an internally consistent instrument (Cronbach's Alpha from 0.89 to 0.95). Replication of the postulated 4 factors was limited. There are hints for convergent validity of POMS-Scales using two questions: "1. Over the past two weeks, have you felt down, depressed, or helpless? " and "2. Over the past two weeks, have you felt little interest or pleasure in doing things? "
Quantitative structure–activity relationship: promising advances in drug discovery platforms

Introduction: Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling is one of the most popular computer-aided tools employed in medicinal chemistry for drug discovery and lead optimization. It is especially powerful in the absence of 3D structures of specific drug targets. QSAR methods have been shown to draw public attention since they were first introduced. Areas covered: In this review, the authors provide a brief discussion of the basic principles of QSAR, model development and model validation. They also highlight the current applications of QSAR in different fields, particularly in virtual screening, rational drug design and multi-target QSAR. Finally, in view of recent controversies, the authors detail the challenges faced by QSAR modeling and the relevant solutions. The aim of this review is to show how QSAR modeling can be applied in novel drug discovery, design and lead optimization. Expert opinion: QSAR should intentionally be used as a powerful tool for fragment-based drug design platforms in the field of drug discovery and design. Although there have been an increasing number of experimentally determined protein structures in recent years, a great number of protein structures cannot be easily obtained (i.e., membrane transport proteins and G-protein coupled receptors). Fragment-based drug discovery, such as QSAR, could be applied further and have a significant role in dealing with these problems. Moreover, along with the development of computer software and hardware, it is believed that QSAR will be increasingly important.
An efficient VFI-based NoC architecture using Johnson-encoded Reconfigurable FIFOs

In this paper, a Johnson-encoded Reconfigurable Synchronous/Bi-Synchronous (RSBS) FIFO is proposed which can adapt its operation to either synchronous or bi-synchronous mode. The proposed FIFO which can be used to interface modules in Voltage/Frequency Islands (VFI) based Networks-on-chip, is capable of alleviating the excessive energy consumption and high performance overhead of the conventional bi-synchronous FIFOs. The FIFO is scalable and synthesizable in synchronous standard cells. In addition, a technique for mesochronous adaptation of the proposed FIFO is presented. Our extensive experiments show significant power and performance improvements compared to non-reconfigurable architectures.
Enhancement of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Biomass Production under Drought Conditions by the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Sebacina vermifera

ABSTRACT Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cocultivating the important bioenergy crop switchgrass with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Sebacina vermifera under severe drought conditions. Plants cocultivated with the fungus produced significantly higher biomass and had a higher macronutrient content than uninoculated control plants under both adequately watered and drought conditions.
Subjectivity of Forces Associated with Manual-Muscle Test Grades of 3+, 4-, and 4

This study examined the subjectivity of forces applied by 10 testers during simulated manual-muscle testing. Individual testers were able to modify appropriately the forces they applied for muscle test grades of 3+, 4-, and 4, that is, the forces rose concomitantly with the grades. Testers were consistent between trials in the forces they applied for each grade while testing each specific action. They varied, however, in the forces they applied for each grade during the testing of the two different muscle actions Moreover, testers differed significantly from one another in the forces they applied for each manual muscle test grade (3+, 4-, and 4). If an individual's strength is to be monitored using manual-muscle testing, grades obtained by a single tester are recommended.
Induction of Autoimmune Valvular Heart Disease by Recombinant Streptococcal M Protein

ABSTRACT Rheumatic heart disease is an autoimmune sequela of group A streptococcal infection. Previous studies have established that streptococcal M protein is structurally and immunologically similar to cardiac myosin, a well-known mediator of inflammatory heart disease. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that streptococcal M protein could produce inflammatory valvular heart lesions similar to those seen in rheumatic fever (RF). Fifty percent (3 of 6) of Lewis rats immunized with recombinant type 6 streptococcal M protein (rM6) developed valvulitis as well as focal lesions of myocarditis. Valvular lesions initiated at the valve surface endothelium spread into the valve. Anitschkow cells and verruca-like lesions were present. T cells from rM6-immunized rats proliferated in the presence of purified cardiac myosin, but not skeletal myosin. A T-cell line produced from rM6-treated rats proliferated in the presence of cardiac myosin and rM6 protein. The study demonstrates that the Lewis rat is a model of valvular heart disease and that streptococcal M protein can induce an autoimmune cell-mediated immune attack on the heart valve in an animal model. The data support the hypothesis that a bacterial antigen can break immune tolerance in vivo, an important concept in autoimmunity.
A noisy transform predicts saccadic and manual reaction times to changes in contrast

One of the most important factors affecting the time taken to respond to a visual stimulus is contrast, and studies of reaction time can provide precise, quantitative information about the underlying signal processing. In this study we measured both saccadic and manual reaction times to step increments in target contrast. Our results over a range of initial contrasts are consistent with a simple model consisting of a noisy logarithmic transducer followed by a rise‐to‐threshold accumulator. A systematic comparison with previous contrast‐processing models also shows that the commonly used method of linear regression may not be a particularly sensitive tool in deciding between them. We found similar parameters for the contrast processor in both saccadic and manual reaction times, as might be expected if a common target detection stage precedes each type of reaction.
Chondroprotective role of the osmotically sensitive ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4: age- and sex-dependent progression of osteoarthritis in Trpv4-deficient mice.

OBJECTIVE Mechanical loading significantly influences the physiology and pathology of articular cartilage, although the mechanisms of mechanical signal transduction are not fully understood. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a Ca(++)-permeable ion channel that is highly expressed by articular chondrocytes and can be gated by osmotic and mechanical stimuli. The goal of this study was to determine the role of Trpv4 in the structure of the mouse knee joint and to determine whether Trpv4(-/-) mice exhibit altered Ca(++) signaling in response to osmotic challenge. METHODS Knee joints of Trpv4(-/-) mice were examined histologically and by microfocal computed tomography for osteoarthritic changes and bone structure at ages 4, 6, 9, and 12 months. Fluorescence imaging was used to quantify chondrocytic Ca(++) signaling within intact femoral cartilage in response to osmotic stimuli. RESULTS Deletion of Trpv4 resulted in severe osteoarthritic changes, including cartilage fibrillation, eburnation, and loss of proteoglycans, that were dependent on age and male sex. Subchondral bone volume and calcified meniscal volume were greatly increased, again in male mice. Chondrocytes from Trpv4(+/+) mice demonstrated significant Ca(++) responses to hypo-osmotic stress but not to hyperosmotic stress. The response to hypo-osmotic stress or to the TRPV4 agonist 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate was eliminated in Trpv4(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION Deletion of Trpv4 leads to a lack of osmotically induced Ca(++) signaling in articular chondrocytes, accompanied by progressive, sex-dependent increases in bone density and osteoarthritic joint degeneration. These findings suggest a critical role for TRPV4-mediated Ca(++) signaling in the maintenance of joint health and normal skeletal structure.
Techniques to Remotely Identify and Evaluate Electrical Power System Infrastructure

Abstract : It can be difficult for military planners to assess potential sites when establishing forward facilities for deployed military units in austere environments. They must consider many parameters; e.g., geographic elevation and contiguous flat terrain, proximity to operating electrical distribution systems, etc. Since potential site locations may be in hostile territory, remote detection and assessment of electrical systems can be essential. Because such systems emit signals and/or have passive signatures, a potential source of identification can be examined when viewed from above the earth or from a distance when on the ground. This work reviews the basic signal and signatures of electrical systems and identifies parameters most pertinent to their remote detection.
Decline in Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects in a High-Risk Region of the United States

Objectives. To conduct surveillance for neural tube defects (NTDs) in a high-risk region of the United States and to prevent occurrence and recurrence of NTDs through the periconceptional use of folic acid supplements. Design. Active and passive methods were used for surveillance of NTD-affected pregnancies and births during a 6-year period (October 1992–September 1998). Individual genetic counseling was used to prevent NTD recurrences and a public awareness campaign was used to reduce NTD occurrences. Setting. State of South Carolina. Patients. All cases of spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele identified among 278 122 live births and fetal deaths to South Carolina residents during 1992–1998 were included. Main Outcome Measure. Changes in occurrence and recurrence rates during a 6-year period. Results. Over the 6 years of surveillance, the prevalence rates for NTDs decreased from 1.89 to . 95 cases per 1000 live births and fetal deaths. The prevalence decrease is explained primarily by a decrease in cases of spina bifida. Isolated NTDs accounted for 297/360 (82%) NTDs and 63/360 (18%) had at least 1 other structural anomaly. Females predominated among isolated NTDs but the sex distribution was equal among NTD cases with other anomalies. Prevalence rates for whites (1.48 cases per 1000 live births and fetal deaths) were higher than rates for blacks (.87 cases per 1000 live births and fetal deaths). There were no NTD recurrences in 113 subsequent pregnancies to mothers of infants with isolated NTDs who took periconceptional folic acid. The rate of periconceptional folic acid use among women of childbearing years increased from 8% to 35% during the 6-year project period. Conclusion. The prevalence of NTDs in a high-risk region has declined coincident with the increased periconceptional use of folic acid supplements among women of childbearing age.neural tube defects, high-risk region, birth defects, folic acid, spina bifida, anencephaly, encephalocele.
Modified Dark Room Provocative Test for Primary Angle Closure

PurposeTo examine the diagnostic value of a modified dark room provocative test (DRPT) in detecting primary closure of the anterior chamber angle. MethodsThe cross-sectional observational prospective clinical study included suspects of primary angle closure. Using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), we measured the anterior chamber angle configuration at room light and after 3 minutes of dark adaptation. Gonioscopy and Perkin's applanation tonometry were performed in room light conditions at baseline and after 1.5 hours of dark adaptation. The number of closed angle quadrants assessed on AS-OCT images and upon gonioscopy were recorded. The DRPT was positive, if intraocular pressure increased by ≥8 mm Hg after 1.5 hours of dark adaptation. ResultsThe study included 76 subjects (76 eyes). Among 32 (42%) eyes with a positive DRPT, the number of eyes with an increased number of closed angle quadrants was significantly higher for the OCT examination at 3 minutes of dark adaptation than for gonioscopy at 1.5 hours of dark adaptation [29 (91%) eyes vs 21 (66%) eyes; P=0.01]. Kappa statistics showed a moderate agreement between increased closed angle quadrants obtained both after 3 minutes of dark adaptation (&kgr;=0.44; P<0.001; sensitivity: 90.6%; specificity: 56.8%) and after 1.5 hours of dark room test (&kgr;=0.45; P<0.001; sensitivity: 65.6%; specificity: 79.5%) compared with the final intraocular pressure elevation. Correspondingly, the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve was significantly larger for AS-OCT than for gonioscopy (0.86 vs 0.73; P<0.001) in predicting a positive dark room test. ConclusionsA modified DRPT with an anterior chamber angle assessment by OCT at 3 minutes of dark adaptation as compared with a gonioscopic angle assessment after 1.5 hours of dark adaptation had a higher diagnostic precision in predicting primary angle closure.
Electronic structure of early 3d-transition-metal oxides by analysis of the 2p core-level photoemission spectra.

The electronic structures of a wide range of early transition-metal (TM) compounds, including Ti and V oxides with metal valences ranging from 2+ to 5+ and formal d-electron numbers ranging from 0 to 2, have been investigated by a configuration-interaction cluster model analysis of the core-level metal 2p x-ray photoemission spectra (XPS). Inelastic energy-loss backgrounds calculated from experimentally measured electron-energy-loss spectra (EELS) were subtracted from the XPS spectra to remove extrinsic loss features. Parameter values deduced for the charge-transfer energy Delta and the d-d Coulomb repulsion energy U are shown to continue the systematic trends established previously for the late TM compounds, giving support to a charge-transfer mechanism for the satellite structures. The early TM compounds are characterized by a large metal d-ligand p hybridization energy, resulting in strong covalency in these compounds. Values for Delta and U suggest that many early TM compounds should be reclassified as intermediate between the charge-transfer regime and the Mott-Hubbard regime.