Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of obesity by primary care physicians and impact on obesity management.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether primary care physicians document obesity as a diagnosis and formulate a management plan. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Mayo Clinic primary care database was used to identify general medical examinations performed from November 1, 2004, to October 31, 2005, in a primary care clinic for obese patients (body mass index [BMI] equals 30). Data on demographic variables, BMI, comorbidities, documentation of obesity, and obesity management strategy were obtained through the database. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 9827 patients were seen for a general medical examination. Of the 2543 obese patients, 505 (19.9 percent) had a diagnosis of obesity documented, and 574 (22.6 percent) had an obesity management plan documented. Older patients (OR, 0.97 per year; 95 percent CI, 0.96-0.98) and men (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.76) were significantly less likely to be diagnosed as having obesity, whereas those with a BMI greater than 35 (OR, 2.54; 95 percent CI, 2.10-3.16), diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.40; 95 percent CI, 1.09-1.78), and obstructive sleep apnea (OR, 2.34; 95 percent CI, 1.79 to 3.07) were significantly more likely to have the diagnosis made. Staff physicians were less likely than residents to document obesity as a diagnosis (OR, 0.55; 95 percent CI, 0.44 to 0.69). Diagnosis of obesity was the strongest predictor of formulation of an obesity plan (OR, 2.39; 95 percent CI, 1.90 to 3.02). CONCLUSION Most obese patients did not have a diagnosis of obesity or an obesity management plan made by their primary care physician. Diagnosis of obesity results in a higher chance of formulation of an obesity plan.
Wind plant power optimization through yaw control using a parametric model for wake effects—a CFD simulation study

This article presents a wind plant control strategy that optimizes the yaw settings of wind turbines for improved energy production of the whole wind plant by taking into account wake effects. The optimization controller is based on a novel internal parametric model for wake effects called the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady-state (FLORIS) model. The FLORIS model predicts the steady-state wake locations and the effective flow velocities at each turbine, and the resulting turbine electrical energy production levels, as a function of the axial induction and the yaw angle of the different rotors. The FLORIS model has a limited number of parameters that are estimated based on turbine electrical power production data. In high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations of a small wind plant, we demonstrate that the optimization control based on the FLORIS model increases the energy production of the wind plant, with a reduction of loads on the turbines as an additional effect. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power allocation in energy harvesting two-way relay systems

In this thesis, we consider two-way relaying in a wireless communication system with two transceivers and one relay node. In such a model, two scenarios are taken into account: a system with one energy harvesting (EH) relay node and a system with two EH transceivers and one EH relay node. Under these two assumptions, we study the optimization problem of harvesting energy allocation which maximizes the total data throughput of a wireless network under some restrictions at the EH node(s). In the first scenario, only the relay node is powered up by the harvested energy and the other two transceiver nodes are powered up by conventional power supply. We first find that the data transmission rate of the system monotonically increases and is strictly concave in the power of the relay. As a result, we can obtain an optimal power control policy of the relay for maximizing the total throughput. This optimization problem can be solved not only by conventional optimization solvers, but also by a method called breaking-rope. Finally, we propose a novel algorithm to solve the optimization problem based on the breaking-rope. For the case of system with three EH nodes, the problem is more complicated since multiple optimization parameters, which are the transmitting power of three EH nodes, should be taken into account. Because the objective function is not jointly concave in all three parameters, it is difficult to find a feasible solution. Hence, we have to simplify the objective function to overcome the difficulty in solving the original problem. By relaxing the problem, we aim to find the upper bound of the total throughput. It is shown that the upper bound function is concave in one parameter
Low-Operating-Voltage Polymer Thin-Film Transistors Based on Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) With Hafnium Oxide as the Gate Dielectric

The effects of hafnium oxide (HfO<sub>2</sub>) gate dielectric annealing treatment in oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) ambient on the electrical performance of polymer thin-film transistors (PTFTs) based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) are investigated. The PTFTs with HfO<sub>2</sub> gate dielectric and also octadecyltrichlorosilane surface modification, prepared by spin-coating process, exhibit good performance, such as a small threshold voltage of -0.5 V and an operating voltage as low as -4 V. Results indicate that the PTFT with NH<sub>3</sub>-annealed HfO<sub>2</sub> shows higher carrier mobility, larger on/off current ratio, smaller subthreshold swing, and lower threshold voltage than the PTFT with O<sub>2</sub>-annealed HfO<sub>2</sub>. Capacitance-voltage analysis for metal-polymer-oxide-silicon structures indicates that the better electrical performance of the PTFT with NH<sub>3</sub>-annealed HfO<sub>2</sub> is attributed to improved dielectric/polymer interface and reduced series resistance in the transistor.
Analysis of the binding proteins and activity of the long terminal repeat of Moloney murine leukemia virus during differentiation of mouse embryonal carcinoma cells

Mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines were established which carry the stably integrated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of the transcriptional elements of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of Moloney murine leukemia virus. The activity of three elements of the stably integrated LTR was analyzed in undifferentiated EC cells (stable CAT assay). Results of the study are summarized as follows. (i) In the stable assay, the promoter region of the LTR was inactive in undifferentiated ECA2 and F9 cells, and the level of the activity was 10(-4) of that in NIH 3T3 cells. (ii) In contrast to the results of the transient assay, the enhancer was active in undifferentiated ECA2 cells and in F9 cells. It activated CAT activity more than 60-fold and about 8-fold in ECA2 cells and F9 cells, respectively. (iii) Suppression by ELP, the embryonal LTR-binding protein, was more pronounced in the stable assay than in the transient assay. These data suggest that, when compared with NIH 3T3 cells, a major factor for the inactivity of the LTR in EC cells is the inefficiency of the promoter in this assay. Transcriptional activity of the LTR was analyzed during the differentiation of EC cells. In the case of ECA2 cells, the magnitude of activation by the enhancer did not change during differentiation. The activity of the promoter increased about 10-fold, and the suppression by ELP became negligible 4 days after the induction of differentiation. Upon differentiation of F9 cells, the activity of the enhancer increased more than 300-fold, but the promoter remained inactive. The pattern of LTR-binding proteins also varied during the differentiation of EC cells. Our present data suggest that the activity of LTR elements as assayed by the stable assay differs from the activity as assayed by the transient assay. It also indicates that the activity of these elements exhibits cell-type-specific changes during the differentiation of EC cells.
A new modified quadratic boost converter with high voltage gain

High gain step up DC-DC boost converters are considered as an important part in different renewable energy sources (RES). In this paper a modified high gain setup up DC-DC quadratic boost converter is introduced. The proposed topology not only enhance the high voltage gain but also decrease the voltage stress across the semiconductor switches as well overall converter loses. To validate the proposed method efficacy, experiment performed in laboratory where 5 VDC are given as an input and at output we attained 62.5 volts with output power of 19.5 watts. The maximum efficiency of proposed converter at input power of 20W is 95.39% and at 3.7W it is 83.52%. Whereas, the conventional converter efficiency at the same input power is 93.89% and 82.96% respectively.
Relationships of wild Brassica species with chromosome number 2n = 18, based on RFLP studies.

An array of 10 wild Brassica species with chromosome number 2n = 18 represented by 34 populations was analyzed for genome similarity using genomic and cDNA clones. Species studied included B. bourgeaui (Webb) O. Kuntze, B. cretica Lam. , B. hilarionis G.E. Post, B. incana Ten. , B. insularis Moris, B. macrocarpa (Guss.) Caruel, B. montana Pourret, B. oleracea L. , B. rupestris Rafin. , and B. villosa Biv. The RFLP data were used to calculate similarities between populations that were subsequently treated in a cluster analysis. Most populations of a species were grouped together and were separate from populations of other species. The previously identified B. incana - B. rupestris - B. villosa complex was verified, and genetic similarity between the species B. montana and B. oleracea was evident. An interesting association between B. insularis and B. macrocarpa was observed. The UPGMA analysis showed that the species tended to cluster according to geographic region: B. cretica and B. hilarionis comprise a cluster that could be called Eastern Mediterranean; B. oleracea, B. bourgeaui, and B. montana define an Atlantic - Western Mediterranean cluster; B. incana, B. rupestris, and B. villosa form an Italian group; and a B. insularis - B. macrocarpa association may be called Central Mediterranean.
Active Modification of Reconstructed Wavefronts in Application of Digital Comparative Holography

Comparative digital holography (CDH) is a new interferometric method for comparison of the shape or deformation of two nominal identical objects with different micro structure. Besides the digital comparison in the computer the use of a spatial light modulator (SLM) allows not only the illumination of the object under investigation with the coherent mask of the master object but also the correction of misalignments of the test object and the adaptation of the local illumination intensity. In addition it is possible to mark the part of deviation of the object with the help of the SLM. These possibilities reduce the operating expenses and make the method suitable for the use in quality assurance at different locations. In the paper we describe the basic principle of CDH and the enhanced possibilities of using the SLM for active wavefront adaptation theoretically and experimentally, respectively.
Voltage Regulation Method for Voltage Drop Compensation and Unbalance Reduction in Bipolar Low-Voltage DC Distribution System

Owing to the development of highly efficient electric power converters, the number of studies on the construction of low-voltage dc (LVDC) systems is gradually increasing. To use LVDC distribution systems, voltage regulation methods to compensate for the voltage drop and to limit the voltage unbalance are essential. In a bipolar LVDC distribution system, a voltage drop and voltage unbalance could occur because of the load current and the variation in the amount of power supplied to the poles. However, not enough research has been conducted on voltage regulation methods for LVDC distribution systems. To reduce the voltage drop and the voltage unbalance, this paper proposes a voltage regulation method based on the neutral to line drop compensation (NLDC) method, which employs a modified LDC to calculate the sending-end reference voltage. In the NLDC method, the neutral current and neutral line impedance are taken into consideration to compensate for the neutral line potential fluctuation and voltage drop on the pole. The next sending-end voltage is determined by checking the voltage unbalance factor, and it is adjusted to maintain it within the allowable voltage unbalance factor. A voltage regulation algorithm and a bipolar LVDC system model are implemented using the Electromagnetic Transients Program.
Improving hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry by reduction of the back-exchange effect.

The measurement of deuterium incorporation kinetics using hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange experiments is a valuable tool for the investigation of the conformational dynamics of biomolecules in solution. Experiments consist of two parts when using H/D exchange mass spectrometry to analyse the deuterium incorporation. After deuterium incorporation at high D(2)O concentration, it is necessary to decrease the D(2)O concentration before the mass analysis to avoid deuterium incorporation under artificial conditions of mass spectrometric preparation and measurement. A low D(2)O concentration, however, leads to back-exchange of incorporated deuterons during mass analysis. This back-exchange is one of the major problems in H/D exchange mass spectrometry and must be reduced as much as possible. In the past, techniques using electrospray ionization (ESI) had the lowest back-exchange values possible in H/D exchange mass spectrometry. Methods for the measurement of H/D exchange by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) that have been developed since 1998 have some significant advantages, but they could not achieve the back-exchange minima of ESI methods. Here, we present a protocol for H/D exchange MALDI-MS which allows for greater minimization of back-exchange compared with H/D exchange ESI-MS under similar conditions.
Use of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry to Analyze UnderivatizedVolatile Human or Animal Constituentsof Clinical Interest

The study of volatilizable components in human and animal samples by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry is reviewed for the years 1970-1975. Only naturally volatile, underivatized compounds are considered, from sources such as body fluids, tissues, and breath. Where possible, the clinical samples are discussed in terms of normal profiling, aberrations associated with disease states, and specific compound analyses. A brief descriptive technical section is included, stressing types of sample preparation currently being used.
Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting the Development of Seromas Following Breast Cancer Surgeries: Seromas Following Breast Cancer Surgeries

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effects of demographic, clinical, and therapeutic variables in development of seromas. The relation between development of seromas and age, preference for surgery, tumor size, existence of axillary lymph nodes and lymph nodal metastases, number of lymph nodes removed, type of surgical equipments used, drainage duration, drainage flow rate, and whether or not neoadjuvant chemotherapy was received; dead volume was reduced; or pressure garment was used in patients who received surgery due to breast cancer between 2000 and 2005 years. Mean age of 119 patients included in the study was 53.13 ± 13.26 (range 26–79). Seromas were observed in 17 (14.28%) patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis an association of postoperative seroma formation was noted with a drainage flow rate greater than 50 mL/day after 48th hours following breast surgery (p = 0.007), while other variables investigated herein are not associated with development of seromas. We conclude that a drainage flow rate greater than 50 mL/day after 48th hours is a predicting factor for seroma formation in breast cancer patients. Thus, we do not recommend terminating the drainage before flow rate at 48 hours is seen and daily drainage is lower than acceptable limit.
Clinical and Pathologic Findings in Hemochromatosis Hip Arthropathy

During a 9-year period, 15 patients with hemochromatosis hip arthropathy required 19 total hip arthroplasties for disabling hip pain. Preoperative presentation, hip function, pathologic evaluation of the femoral head, and radiographic findings were reviewed. Postoperative followup averaging 5.7 years (range, 2–11 years) was performed to assess hip pain and function after total hip arthroplasty. The average preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery hip score was 15 points (range, 4–24 points), and this improved to 30 points (range, 4–38 points) after total hip arthroplasty. Only one of 15 patients required revision surgery at 10 years for acetabular loosening. All other patients were pain free, with improved function at latest followup. Histologic evaluation of the resected femoral heads revealed evidence of primary or secondary osteonecrosis in seven of 19 (37%) specimens. Articular cartilage avulsion at the level of the tidemark was identified in eight of 19 (42%) specimens, and calcium pyrophosphate deposition was identified in five of 19 (26%) specimens. These pathologic findings suggest a predictable progression of the arthritic process in patients with hemochromatosis.
Platelet-Activating Factor: a Role in Preterm Delivery and an Essential Interaction with Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Mice1

ABSTRACT Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent phospholipid activator of inflammation that signals through its cognate receptor (platelet-activating factor receptor, PTAFR), has been shown to induce preterm delivery in mice. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane receptors that mediate innate immunity. We have shown previously that Escherichia coli-induced preterm delivery in mice requires TLR signaling via the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), but not an alternative adaptor, Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF). In the present work, we analyzed the role of endogenously produced PAF in labor using mice lacking (knockout [KO]) PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH; the key degrading enzyme for PAF). PAF-AH KO mice are more susceptible to E. coli-induced preterm delivery and inflammation than controls. In peritoneal macrophages, the PTAFR agonist carbamyl PAF induces production of inflammatory markers previously demonstrated to be upregulated during bacterially induced labor, including: inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2), the chemokine Ccl5 (RANTES), tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), and level of their end-products (NO, CCL5, TNF) in a process dependent upon both IkappaB kinase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Interestingly, this induced expression was completely eliminated not only in macrophages deficient in PTAFR, but also in those lacking either TLR4, MyD88, or TRIF. The dependence of PAF effects upon TLR pathways appears to be related to production of PTAFR itself: PAF-induced expression of Ptafr mRNA was eliminated completely in TLR4 KO and partially in MyD88 and TRIF KO macrophages. We conclude that PAF signaling plays an important role in bacterially induced preterm delivery. Furthermore, in addition to its cognate receptor, PAF signaling in peritoneal macrophages requires TLR4, MyD88, and TRIF.
Taking Scope - The Natural Semantics of Quantifiers

A novel view of the syntax and semantics of quantifier scope that argues for a "combinatory" theory of natural language syntax. In Taking Scope, Mark Steedman considers the syntax and semantics of quantifier scope in interaction with negation, polarity, coordination, and pronominal binding, among other constructions. The semantics is "surface compositional," in that there is a direct correspondence between syntactic types and operations of composition and types and compositions at the level of logical form. In that sense, the semantics is in the "natural logic" tradition of Aristotle, Leibniz, Frege, Russell, and others who sought to define a psychologically real logic directly reflecting natural language grammar. The book reunites the generative-transformational tradition initiated by Chomsky-which views the formal syntactic component as entirely autonomous--with the older, strongly lexicalist, construction-based tradition, which has sought to define a more lingistically transparent theory of meaning representation. Steedman offers a logical formalism that relates directly to the surface form of language and to the process of inference and proof that it must support. Such a natural logic, although formal by definition, should be allowed to grow organically from attested language phenomena rather than be axiomatized a priori in terms of any standard logic. Steedman also considers the application of natural semantic interpretations to practical natural language processing tasks, emphasizing throughout the elimination of traditional quantifiers from semantic formalism in favor of devices such as Skolem terms and structure-sharing among representations in processing.
The role of T-cell costimulatory activation pathways in transplant rejection.

Organ transplantation is now common. For patients with end-stage cardiac, hepatic, or pulmonary failure, it can be lifesaving.1 For patients with diabetes mellitus, pancreatic transplantation offers the chance of a cure and the arrest or reversal of diabetic complications such as neuropathy and retinopathy. In 1996 more than 19,410 organ and tissue transplantations were performed in the United States, and 53,755 patients were on waiting lists for transplantation. Over the past two decades, the development of new immunosuppressive drugs with improved efficacy and decreased toxicity has led to substantial improvement in the survival of patients and in short-term graft survival .
Regulatory elements within the murine leukemia virus enhancer regions mediate glucocorticoid responsiveness

Enhancer elements within nonleukemogenic (Akv) and T-cell leukemogenic (SL3-3) murine leukemia viruses demonstrate strong cell type preference in transcriptional activity. These transcription elements are additionally regulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone, and this pattern of regulation varies according to cell type. The sequences required for dexamethasone regulation for both Akv and SL3-3 are shown to include a 17-nucleotide consensus sequence previously termed the glucocorticoid response element (GRE). Although the GREs are identical for both viral enhancers, the sequences surrounding these elements differ, as does the spatial arrangement of the GRE sequences with respect to one another. It is proposed that the spatial arrangement of the GREs, as well as their precise sequence context, determines the difference in the response to dexamethasone of the enhancers in different cell types.
Migrant mothers and the role of social support when child rearing

Abstract To raise children in a new country without the support of family and community may prove problematic for some women. This study explored the possible impact of a lack supportive social network on mothering. A cross sectional design using both quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative approaches (interview) was used to investigate the child rearing experience of migrant women from the United Kingdom (UK) (N=154) currently living in Western Australia (WA); 40 women were selected for interview. Bowlby’s (1969) mother-infant attachment theory provides the theoretical framework to investigate the perceived loss of attachment to the homeland, attachment figure, country, culture and family. The results indicated that migrant women with children missed the close support of family networks; and indicate that all migrant mothers, regardless of origin, require a social support network to survive.