Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The stimulation by ethylene of the UDP glucose-flavonoid 3O-glucosyltransferase ( UFGT ) in grape tissues is independent from the MybA transcription factors

Introduction: Grapes are regarded as non-climacteric fruit (CHERVIN et al. 2004 and references herein), in which ethylene evolution is very low and for which the ripening process seems to occur independently of ethylene production. However, a recent study has shown that grape berry tissues have a fully functional pathway for ethylene synthesis, that this pathway is activated just before veraison when red berries start to accumulate anthocyanins, and that ethylene perception is critical for some berry changes associated with ripening, including anthocyanin accumulation (CHERVIN et al. 2004). This last conclusion was supported by the fact that anthocyanin accumulation in the berry skins was inhibited when a specific inhibitor of ethylene receptors, 1-methylcyclopropene was applied to berries just before veraison, at the same time as ethylene production was activated in the berry. The control of anthocyanin accumulation during the ripening phase in red grape berries is thought to be greatly dependent on UFGT activity (KOBAYASHI et al. 2001, YAKUSHIJI et al. 2006). This enzyme plays a key role in stabilising the aglycone moiety of the anthocyanins (PIFFAUT et al. 1994) and may be essential for their transport to the vacuole. We have shown previously that exogenous ethylene could induce grape ufgt expression (EL-KEREAMY et al. 2003), confirming observations about the commercial use of ethylene precursor to boost grape skin colour. The anthocyanin biosynthesis in model plants for the anthocyanin pathway such as petunia and maize is controlled by Myc and Myb transcription factors, and indeed, one transcription factor of this family, MybA1, was shown to be critical for the regulation of ufgt expression (YAKUSHIJI et al. 2006 and refs therein) and anthocyanin accumulation in grape tissues. WALKER et al. (2007) showed that two isoforms of this transcription factor, MybA1 and MybA2 are involved in anthocyanin accumulation in grapevine. The question remains whether the ethylene signal is acting on grape ufgt expression through the activation of mybA expression or via ethylene responsive transcription factors.
New Dimensions in Research on Class Size and Academic Achievement.

This synthesis of research on class size provides an overview of the development of class size research, a summary of findings on class size and achievement, and a discussion of factors that interact with class size to influence academic achievment. It is concluded that while the overall research picture offers ample evidence of achievement gains associated with smaller class size, this relationship is complicated by mediating process variables. It is suggested that class size is but one of several factors that, in combination, affect student achievement. Efforts to reduce class size should begin with analyses of how, within a given school or subject area, the manipulation of class size might improve student-teacher interaction. Fifty-five references and a 20-item supplementary bibliography are appended. (CB) ******************************************************************w**** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Sand and dust storm events in Iraq

Iraq is one of the most affected countries in the Middle East concerning the occurrences of sand and dust storms. The frequency of the occurrence has increased drastically in the last decade and it is increasing continuously. The events of sand and dust storms are either regional or local. The former, however, is more frequent than the latter. The regional event, generally extends outside the Iraqi territory, into different directions, but usually covers part of Syria, crossing the Iraqi territory towards Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, and/or towards the Arabian Gulf, and less frequently extends to Iran. The main causes in the development of sand and dust storms, in Iraq are discussed. The causes are also either regional or local. The former, however, causes more economic losses and harsh effect on the human’s health, as compared with the latter. One of the main reasons behind the development of sand and dust storms is the climatic changes within the region, especially the drastic decrease in the annual rate of rain fall, besides environmental changes, such as drying of the marshes, land degradation, and desertification. From the local causes, the most effective reason is the haphazard driving and military operations, especially in the Iraqi Southern Desert. Prudent management of water resources by using non-conventional resources and adapting suitable irrigation methods can greatly help to overcome this phenomenon and minimize the number of dust storm.
Everyday Radicalism and the Democratic Imagination: Dissensus, Rebellion and Utopia

The prevalence of social injustice suggests the need for radical transformation of political economy and governance. This article develops the concept of ‘everyday radicalism’, which positions the everyday as a potential site of social change. Everyday radicalism is based on three main elements: dissensus and a rupture with dominant practices; collective rebellion and the creation of alternatives on a micro-scale; and the connection of these practices with utopian ideas to be able to develop strategies for social justice. The potential application of everyday radicalism is illustrated through a case study of a women’s social intervention in Manchester. The article aims to show how everyday radicalism has the potential to contribute knowledge towards the transformation of everyday life and the institutions that govern society.
WAKE FIELDS DUE TO PERIODIC ROUGHNESS IN A CIRCULAR PIPE

The wake fields generated by a relativistic particle traveling in a long beam pipe of circular cross section with rough surface have been studied by means of standard theory based on hybrid modes in a periodically corrugated wave guide. Slow waves whose amplitude and frequency depend on the corrugation depth can be excited by the beam; the features of the resulting longitudinal wake fields are investigated.
Heuristic Evaluation of Visualization in the Semantic Searching for Economic Information : Preliminary Analysis of the Research Result

Economic indicators provide much information concerning the functioning of an enterprise. Their usefulness depends also on decision-makers' comprehension of structural and semantic connections existing between indicators. Visualization of a semantic network in the topic map allows users to more swiftly notice and understand various relations. The main goal of this paper is to discuss the research on heuristic evaluation of visualization in the semantic searching for economic information. This study consists of three experiments with the participants. We used the two author’s applications of the ontologies for return on investment indicator and for early warning system. In this paper we analyze and compare the results of these experiments.
Practice Schedules and the Use of Component Skills in Problem Solving

In motor and verbal learning, random practice schedules produce poorer acquisition performance but superior retention relative to blocked practice. We extend this contextual interference effect to the case of learning cognitive procedural skills to be used in problem solving. Subjects in three experiments practiced calculation with Boolean functions. After this acquisition phase, subjects solved problems requiring these procedures. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated superior transfer to problem solving for skills acquired under random schedules. In Experiment 3, subjects practiced component skills in a blocked schedule, with one of four tasks—same-different judgment, mental arithmetic, short-term memory, or long-term memory—intervening between trials. For same-different judgments and mental arithmetic, transfer performance was comparable to that found for random schedules in Experiments 1 and 2. This result suggests that the differences depend on processing rather than storage demands of intertrial activity. Implications for theories of problem solving and part-whole transfer are discussed. Problem solving may be characterized as a process of assembling an appropriate sequence of component procedures (or operators) to accomplish a goal. Although this process may be guided by general or domain-specif ic problem solving strategies, the specific sequence of procedures used in a particular problem will typically be determined during the problem-solving episode. Fluent problem solving, therefore, requires efficient access and use of component skills. The issue addressed in this article is how the context in which component skills are acquired influences the ability to access and apply those skills in a problem solving context.
The Perception of Creaky Voice: Does Speaker Gender Affect our Judgments?

OF THESIS THE PERCEPTION OF CREAKY VOICE: DOES SPEAKER GENDER AFFECT OUR JUDGMENTS? This study focuses on the phonetics of creaky voice saliency and the perceptual sociolinguistic indexes that are evoked during creaky voice use. This study consists of two experiments: the first a listener judgment based Likert scale, the second an AXB study. The first experiment used modal and creaky voice statement-of-fact tokens to determine whether the speaker is or isn’t x characteristic (intelligent, feminine, educated, masculine, hesitant, and confident). This study found that both male and female speakers were found to be less intelligent, less educated, less feminine, more masculine, less confident, and more hesitant when using creaky voice phonation as compared to the modal register. Participants also rated male and female speakers as statistically different. During the second experiment the participants listened to continuums that went from modal register to extreme creaky voice (based on F0 levels). Participants performed an AXB task to determine ability at distinguishing levels of creaky voice along the continuum. This study found that participants were less able to correctly detect the level of creaky voice in the female speaker for the lower half of the continuum when compared to the male speaker.
A regional CO 2 observing system simulation experiment for the ASCENDS satellite mission

Abstract. Top–down estimates of the spatiotemporal variations in emissions and uptake of CO2 will benefit from the increasing measurement density brought by recent and future additions to the suite of in situ and remote CO2 measurement platforms. In particular, the planned NASA Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) satellite mission will provide greater coverage in cloudy regions, at high latitudes, and at night than passive satellite systems, as well as high precision and accuracy. In a novel approach to quantifying the ability of satellite column measurements to constrain CO2 fluxes, we use a portable library of footprints (surface influence functions) generated by the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model in combination with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in a regional Bayesian synthesis inversion. The regional Lagrangian particle dispersion model framework is well suited to make use of ASCENDS observations to constrain weekly fluxes in North America at a high resolution, in this case at 1° latitude × 1° longitude. We consider random measurement errors only, modeled as a function of the mission and instrument design specifications along with realistic atmospheric and surface conditions. We find that the ASCENDS observations could potentially reduce flux uncertainties substantially at biome and finer scales. At the grid scale and weekly resolution, the largest uncertainty reductions, on the order of 50%, occur where and when there is good coverage by observations with low measurement errors and the a priori uncertainties are large. Uncertainty reductions are smaller for a 1.57 μm candidate wavelength than for a 2.05 μm wavelength, and are smaller for the higher of the two measurement error levels that we consider (1.0 ppm vs. 0.5 ppm clear-sky error at Railroad Valley, Nevada). Uncertainty reductions at the annual biome scale range from ~40% to ~75% across our four instrument design cases and from ~65% to ~85% for the continent as a whole. Tests suggest that the quantitative results are moderately sensitive to assumptions regarding a priori uncertainties and boundary conditions. The a posteriori flux uncertainties we obtain, ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 Pg C yr−1 across the biomes, would meet requirements for improved understanding of long-term carbon sinks suggested by a previous study.
Response of Field Crops to Ameliorative Phosphorus Fertilization

Different types of nutritional unbalances, including also low levels of plant available phosphorus (P), are often limiting factor of soil fertility in Croatia and in countries of the region, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Aim of this study was survey our recent investigations (eight stationary field experiments) of maize, soybean, wheat and barley responses to ameliorative P fertilization up to different levels (depending on the trial up to from 825 to 1580 kg P2O5 ha-1). Either MAP (monammonium phosphate: 12% N + 52% P2O5) or triplephosphate (45% P2O5) were used as source of P. Selection of soil was made based on the previous soil test. In spite of low levels of available P (ammonium lactate method: below 10 mg P2O5 100 g-1 of soil), response of the field crops to applied fertilization in four experiments in Croatia was mainly moderate or without significant differences. However, in B&H by using the rate of 1580 kg P2O5 ha-1 maize yields were increased depending on year in municipality Kozarska Dubica from 16 to 40%, Gradiska from 8 to 38%, and in Laktasi from 6 to 18% Also, by using 975 kg P2O5 ha-1 soybean yield in Odzak municipality was increased for 20%. In general, year effect (weather characteristics) was the most influencing factor of yields in our investigations. We presume that ammonium-lactate method is not suitable as criterion of P supplies in all tested soils. From other side, majority of tested soils have additional soil fertility limitations as low pH or unfavorable physical properties
Network elements controlled by artificial neural network

This paper describes the comparison between the well-known Network Element in the converged network with classical sequence data processing and the new designed advanced switch controlled by Artificial Neural Network. Simulation programme Opnet Modeler is used for the simulation. The main problem is priority keeping. It is known, that modelling of nonlinear and complicated systems contains problems of process describing and algorithm development. Systems can be very complicated and mathematical description gets near next to impossible. Artificial Neural Networks solve this problem fast and well-arranged.
A Topology Evolution Model Based on Revised PageRank Algorithm and Node Importance for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a classical self-organizing communication network, and its topology evolution currently becomes one of the attractive issues in this research field. Accordingly, the problem is divided into two subproblems: one is to design a new preferential attachment method and the other is to analyze the dynamics of the network topology evolution. To solve the first subproblem, a revised PageRank algorithm, called Con-rank, is proposed to evaluate the node importance upon the existing node contraction, and then a novel preferential attachment is designed based on the node importance calculated by the proposed Con-rank algorithm. To solve the second one, we firstly analyze the network topology evolution dynamics in a theoretical way and then simulate the evolution process. Theoretical analysis proves that the network topology evolution of our model agrees with power-law distribution, and simulation results are well consistent with our conclusions obtained from the theoretical analysis and simultaneously show that our topology evolution model is superior to the classic BA model in the average path length and the clustering coefficient, and the network topology is more robust and can tolerate the random attacks.
Exploring Elementary Student Perceptions of Writing Feedback.

The purpose of this descriptive qualitative investigation was to explore elementary students' (N = 867) perceptions of the feedback they receive on their writing. After responding to the closed-ended question, “Do you like to receive feedback about your writing? ” students were branched to the appropriate follow-up open-ended question, “Why do/don't you like to receive feedback about your writing from your teacher? ” The majority of students reported liking writing feedback and provided reasons related to mastery and positive affective responses to feedback. A sizeable number of students reported not liking feedback and provided reasons related to avoidance of receiving feedback and negative affective responses associated with feedback. Qualitative findings highlight the range of both positive and negative views about writing feedback, as well as the power of listening to student voices.
Breathing exercises for asthma

Educational aims To summarise the evidence of the role of breathing control approaches in the management of asthma To provide information on the content of evidence-based breathing exercises programmes Summary Asthma is a complex, multi-dimensional condition that affects patients in many ways. Having asthma is inherently stressful and psychological problems are common and associated with poor asthma outcomes. Although most patients in clinical trials can achieve high levels of control with optimised pharmacotherapy, in “real-life” practice, poor control is common, with over-reliance on rescue bronchodilator medication and ongoing symptoms and quality-of-life impairment. Many patients are interested in non-pharmacological treatments to improve asthma control, particularly breathing control exercises but, until recently, the evidence base has been inadequate. The place of breathing exercises has been controversial, partly because some proponents have made exaggerated, implausible claims of effectiveness. Recent evidence, however, has resulted in endorsement of breathing exercises as add-on treatment in asthma in systematic reviews and guidelines. This review summarises the current evidence of effectiveness of breathing exercises programmes as an adjuvant treatment to pharmacological strategies for people with asthma. The types of breathing training programmes used and the content of effective programmes are discussed. We conclude that patients whose asthma continues to cause symptoms and quality-of-life impairment, despite adequate pharmacological treatment, or who have high bronchodilator use, should be offered access to an effective breathing training programme as a part of holistic, integrated asthma care. Key points Asthma is frequently poorly controlled despite effective modern medication Psychological factors can be as important as physiological ones in affecting symptom perception and disease impact Breathing exercises can improve patient-reported outcomes and psychological state Breathing exercises should be offered to all asthma patients with symptoms or impaired quality of life despite standard treatment
The Prevalence and Pattern of Social Drug Abuse Among Students of Rift Valley University College, Bishoftu Campus, 2014, Bishoftu, Ethiopia

Background: Social drug include all substances and chemicals that act in the central nervous system, leaving the individual dependent upon prolonged use. College students are at higher risk of substance abuse. Since this is a serious problem to the individual users, the community and the country as whole, this problem has to be researched. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and pattern of social drug abuse among students of RVUC, Bishoftu campus. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 356 students that are selected by employing conventional sampling procedure. Results: A total of 356 students were participated in the study. The response rate was 97.7%. One hundred eighty eight (54.0%) of the respondents were males, 168(48.3%) in the age group of 21-25 years, 176(50.6%) Oromo, 196(56.3%) Orthodox and 164(47.1%) of the students were from second year. The overall life time and current prevalence of social drug use among the study subjects were 156(44.8%) and 136(39.1%) respectively. The life time prevalence of alcohol drinking, khat use and cigarette smoking among the study participants were 40.2%, 35.6% and 18.4% respectively. Similarly, the current prevalence of alcohol drinking, khat chewing and cigarette smoking were 35.6%, 29.9% and 14.9% respectively. The most common reason for social drugs abuse among university students were to for relaxation with friends 84(53.8%), peer pressure 72(46.2%) and to get relief from stress 56(35.9%) respectively. Conclusion: The study has identified that substance abuse is a serious problem among RVUC student. The commonly abused substances were alcohol, khat, and cigarette in descending order. Most of the students started substances abuse during their High school and preparatory study period. This study indicates that adolescents and youths should be educated about the problem of abusing social drugs and higher institutions should teach their students about the health risks and socioeconomic problems associated with substances abuse.
Ionization Structure of Heavy Metals for Planetary Nebulae

The purpose of this work to reproduces the flux of lines emitted by the ionized gas, resulting in a good agreement between observed and predicted line fluxes, temperatures and electron density with the chemical abundances of ionic species with carbon and oxygen rich planetary. The model has been calculated using clouds of dust grains in order to calculate the electron temperature, density, and emission fluxes. The dust grain with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) physics combined with thick shell geometry solves the problem of the heating and allows the fitting of fluxes lines, the electron temperatures and the ionization structure of the nebula. Among other lines, we determined line ratio of CIIλ4267A, [NII] λ5755A, 6584A, 6548A, [SII] λ4078A, 4070A, 6716A, and 6731A and compared the results with the observation data by changing the abundances of C, N, O and S, which are enhanced by a factor of 2. The analysis of the ionization structure of the gas, as well as this calculation of the flux of ions, is presented in this work. Therefore, our result revealed that flux lines like [NII] λ6584A, [OII] λ3727A+29A and [OIII] λ5007A greater than the observed fluxes. The nebulae are found to have low electron temperature than found by the previous author, but the electron density is high.
Safety stock placement in non-cooperative supply chains

The paper studies the safety stock placement problem in decentralised supply chains consisting of autonomous stages. For the inventory optimisation problem we apply the guaranteed-service model, while the non-cooperative attitude is handled with mechanism design theory. We propose and investigate four different mechanisms based on the Vickrey – Clarke – Groves scheme, and their distributed implementation. We illustrate on numerical examples how the mechanisms achieve the globally optimal solution in different ways.