Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Downscaling-Calibration Procedure for TRMM Precipitation Data Over Yangtze River Economic Belt Region Based on a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline Model

High-resolution precipitation products are essential for accurate hydrological and meteorological applications. To improve the spatial resolution and accuracy of monthly satellite precipitation products, we developed a new downscaling-calibration framework with three key steps: 1) coarse-resolution satellite precipitation data are downscaled to 1-km resolution precipitation data with multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) model; 2) residual correction is applied to bridge the difference between the satellite precipitation data and downscaled precipitation data; and 3) the geographical differential analysis (GDA) calibration method is implemented to improve accuracy by merging the residual-corrected data with rain gauge data. In this study, geolocation variables (longitude and latitude), a digital elevation model (DEM) data, daytime and nighttime land surface temperatures, and four remote sensing indices were used to downscale monthly Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B43 precipitation datasets over the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The downscaled results showed that the MARS model can avoid “boxy artifact” and pixel-level anomalies, which are often found in geographically weighted regression (GWR) and random forest (RF) results. According to the validation, the step of residual correction is not necessary. With GDA calibration, the MARS-based estimated results were more accurate than the results of the other methods (i.e., GWR and RF) and original TRMM products. Therefore, the developed MARS-based downscaling-calibration procedure can improve not only the spatial resolution but also the quality of the TRMM 3B43 products.
Surfboard Paddling Technique and Neuromechanical Control: A Narrative Review

Surfboard paddling is an essential activity when surfing. Research investigating surfboard paddling, especially as it pertains to neuromechanical control and techniques used, is limited. Previous research made use of swim ergometers to examine surfboard paddling demands. The validity of using swim ergometers in surfboard paddling research and training deserves further analysis. To establish ecologically valid findings, researchers have begun to use swim flumes and still-water paddling environments to investigate paddling efficiency and technique. This emerging body of research has reported that muscle activation patterns, intensities, and timings differ as surfers move through different paddle stroke phases. A deeper understanding of paddling's neuromechanical control may help enhance the understanding of how to improve paddle performance and perhaps reduce injury risk. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to identify the gaps in the existing literature to help identify future research directions in relation to surfboard paddling techniques and neuromechanical control.
Design of a calorimeter for modern power electronics and electrical machines

This paper presents the design of a calorimeter for measuring losses in power electronics and electrical machines, including devices under test (DUTs) with active liquid cooling. The current calorimeter has a double jacketed structure with aluminium plates to minimise the heat leakage to the exterior through the walls. Heat leakage paths such as power cables and shaft hole were simulated in ANSYS to estimate the power loss, but these values will be validated and compensated during calibration of the unit. The measurement range is 5 kW, with a resolution of 80 mW at 120 W and 3 W at 5 kW. The heat leakage due to the shaft hole and power cables was estimated in ANSYS to be 1.4 W and 1.7 W respectively in the worst case.
Green Algae Diagnosis and Management in Low Land Paddy Fields of Cauvery Delta Zone, Tamil Nadu, India

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Globally, rice is grown on 161 million hectares, with an average annual production of 678.7 million tonnes (Bargali et al., 2009; Vibhuti et al., 2015). India is the largest rice growing country, accounting for about onethird of the world acreage under the crop (Bargali et al., 2007 & 2009; Rajkumar, 2013). It is one of the most widely grown crops in Tamil Nadu state of India under million hectares.
The effect of a physiotherapy intervention on disability decrease and on the perceived health-related quality of life in patients with musculoskeletal disorders

Introduction. To evaluate the effect of a physiotherapy intervention on disability decrease and the perceived health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Methods. The interventional study involved 150 patients of a public hospital and 3 private physiotherapy clinics in Greece. The study lasted 5 months (december 2016–April 2017). A composite questionnaire was used, including sociodemographic/ medical data, oswestry disability index (odi), and EQ-5d-3L. The main intervention consisted in 10 physiotherapy sessions including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, short-wave diathermy, high-frequency ultrasound, hand massage, and strengthening/stretching exercises. Questionnaires were completed before the first session and then after the tenth session. Analysis was performed with SPSS v. 21.0. Results. Half of the participants (50%) were treated in a state hospital, while the rest (50%) in a private clinic. The patients had problems in their spine and neck in the same percentage (44.7%). There was a significant decrease (mean: 19.33, Sd: 13.71) in odi score after the intervention. The decrease differed significantly depending on age, marital status, and problem location (spine, neck, chest). A significant improvement in EQ-5d-3L and visual analogue scale scores was recorded after treatment ( p = 0.001). The EQ-5d-3L score change differed significantly depending on age, marital status, educational level, problem location, and previous physiotherapy treatment. There was a significant positive correlation between changes in EQ-5d-3L and odi ( r = 0.48, p < 0.001). Conclusions. The physiotherapy intervention was beneficial for patients with musculoskeletal disorders and improved their perceived HRQoL. Several demographic and medical characteristics affected the improvement.
Chemical composition and uses of Honey: A Review

Honey is an organic natural substance that is produced from the nectar of flowers by Apis mellifera and is a sweet, flavorful liquid. It is one of the most popular natural sweet substances. From a chemical point of view, it could be defined as a natural food mainly composed of sugars and water together with minor constituent such as minerals, vitamins, amino acids, organic acids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds and aromatic substances. Its composition is particularly variable, depending on its botanical and geographical origins. Honey is used to feed bees during the winter. For centuries, honey has been used as food and as natural medicine, being prescribed by physicians of many ancient cultures for the treatment of a wide variety of ailments.
Study of Factors Influence on the Variability of Time for Consensus Building in Coalitions Based on Regular Markov Chains

Draft standard is approved if and only if consensus of the technical committee for standardization (TC) is ensured before its approval by the standardization body at the national, regional and international level. Previously published works of authors dedicated to the construction of a mathematical model of time to build a consensus (number of negotiations) in terms of variation in the number of TC members and their level of authoritarianism. The present study is a continuation of these works for the case of the formation of coalitions in TC. The mathematical model is constructed to ensure consensus on the work of technical standardization committees in terms of coalitions, which are overcome during the negotiation process by concessions. This paper analyzes the factors, which influence the time for consensus building in this case: the value of the assignment and an index of the effect of the coalition. It is proved that the time to build a consensus signifi-cantly depends on the value of unilateral concessions coalition and weakly depends on the size of coalitions with a fixed number of TC members. Built regression model of dependence of the average number of approvals from the value of the assignment. It was revealed that even a small concession leads to the onset of consensus, increasing the size of the as-signment results (with other factors being equal) to a sharp decline in time before the consensus. It is shown that the as-signment of a larger coalition against small coalitions takes on average more time before building a consensus. The factors influencing the variability of the number of concessions were investigated. The change in the root-mean-square deviation (RMS) of the time to build a consensus varies nonlinearly from small concessions Y=10% to large Y=75%, regardless of the ratio of the number of members between coalitions. In the simulations, at concessions Y=10% there is the largest variation among the number of consensuses in the experiments. Concession of the authoritarian leader in group reduces the number of negotiations and increases the quality of consensus. The results obtained are of practical value for all structures where the emergence of coalitions entails the impossibility of consensual decision-making and requires consideration of different ways to build a consensual solution.
Aggressiveness and Genotyping of Phytophthora Infestans Isolates from Nicaragua

The late blight pathogen, P. infestans , is a hemi biotrophic, heterothallic, diploid oomycete that remains a major constraint for potato and tomato production worldwide and causes economic losses yearly calculated to be over four billion euros. This study was undertaken to test the following hypotheses: i) P. infestans isolates from Nicaragua do not differ in their aggressiveness toward potato or tomato; and ii) the P. infestans population from Nicaragua is formed exclusively by a single clonal lineage. Five SSR multilocus genotypes among 72 isolates of P. infestans were detected and all of them were of the Ia mtDNA haplotype and A2 mating type. The NI-1 single multilocus genotype continued to be dominant within the clonal lineage. The genotypic analysis revealed neither host specificity nor population differentiation between potato and tomato isolates. Aggressiveness tests revealed that tomato isolates showed a general, but not exclusive, host-specificity and were more aggressive on tomato. In contrast, potato isolates showed host-preference toward tomato leaflets and were more aggressive on them. The findings of this study provide useful information regarding late blight disease management on potato and tomato crops in Nicaragua.
Effects of Ambroxol Hydrochloride on Lung Tissue Cell Apoptosis and Vascular Remodeling in Rats with Smoke Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

To evaluate the effects of ambroxol hydrochloride on lung tissue cell apoptosis and vascular remodeling in rats with smoke induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal, model, experimental and control groups (n=20). The rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was established by fumigation using Yan’an Cigarettes for 64 d. After fumigation, the experimental and control groups were subcutaneously injected with 5 mL of Ambroxol hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) and 5 mL of Bambuterol hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) respectively, while the normal and model groups were intraperitoneally injected with an equal dose of normal saline. Following drug intervention for 28 d, the pathological changes in lung tissues, vascular remodeling, lung tissue cell apoptosis, expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin and vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as levels of caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 and B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining, elastic Van Gieson staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, immunohistochemical staining and western blotting, respectively. Compared with normal group, the damage of lung tissues was obvious, the medial thickness of pulmonary arterioles significantly increased, the degree of vascular muscularization, apoptosis rate and expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin, vascular endothelial growth factor, caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein rose and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 decreased in model group (p<0.05). Compared with model group, the damage of lung tissues was significantly improved, the medial thickness of pulmonary arterioles decreased, the degree of vascular muscularization, apoptosis rate and expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin, vascular endothelial growth factor, caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein reduced and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 rose in experimental and control groups (p<0.05). Ambroxol hydrochloride can inhibit the apoptosis of lung tissue cells and improve vascular remodeling, thereby protecting the lung tissues of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats.
Quantitative Analysis of Diffusion of Public Opinion by the Modified Bass Model for the Dyeing Steamed Bread Incident in China

The information diffusion of food safety incident is sometimes more serious than food safety incident itself, because this may lead to severe public opinion and affect purchase intention of individual consumer. Thus, it is very important to study the rule of information diffusion of food safety incident. In this work, a modified Bass diffusion (MBD) model including the role of government is proposed based on the characteristics of food safety information diffusion in China and its analytical solution is derived correspondingly. Such model is tested and validated by a specific case of food safety incident, that is, dyeing steamed bread incident happened in China. The results show that the present MBD model can effectively predict the diffusion of public opinion for food safety information and simultaneously the parameter analysis reveals that the government management to the quality and credibility of information is critical in improving the communication of food safety information.
AI-Based Network-Aware Service Function Chain Migration in 5G and Beyond Networks

While the 5G network technology is maturing and the number of commercial deployments is growing, the focus of the networking community is shifting to services and service delivery. 5G networks are designed to be a common platform for very distinct services with different characteristics. Network Slicing has been developed to offer service isolation between the different network offerings. Cloud-native services that are composed of a set of inter-dependent micro-services are assigned into their respective slices that usually span multiple service areas, network domains, and multiple data centers. Due to mobility events caused by moving end-users, slices with their assigned resources and services need to be re-scoped and re-provisioned. This leads to slice mobility whereby a slice moves between service areas and whereby the inter-dependent service and resources must be migrated to reduce system overhead and to ensure low-communication latency by following end-user mobility patterns. Recent advances in computational hardware, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning have attracted interest within the communication community to study and experiment self-managed network slices. However, migrating a service instance of a slice remains an open and challenging process, given the needed co-ordination between inter-cloud resources, the dynamics, and constraints of inter-data center networks. For this purpose, we introduce a Deep Reinforcement Learning based agent that is using two different algorithms to optimize bandwidth allocations as well as to adjust the network usage to minimize slice migration overhead. We show that this approach results in significantly improved Quality of Experience. To validate our approach, we evaluate the agent under different configurations and in real-world settings and present the results.
Continuous Synthesis of Highly Uniform Noble Metal Nanoparticles over Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Microreactor Technology

Batch reactors always suffer from inefficient transport properties, discontinuity, and scale-up effects, challenging the particle size control, reproducibility, and large-scale production of noble metal-reduced graphene oxide composites. To address these issues, a microfluidic-based strategy for the continuous synthesis of highly uniform Ag nanoparticles (NPs) over reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO composites) was developed in this study. Ag-rGO composites were formed by the coreduction of AgNO3 and GO with NaBH4, which was confined inside the dispersed aqueous plugs segmented by octane. By virtue of enhanced mixing and precise control of reaction parameters in the plugs, ultrafine Ag NPs with controlled particle size (1.5–5.6 nm) and narrow particle size distribution (PSD) were evenly deposited on rGO. The average particle size of Ag NPs and relative standard deviation of particle size in Ag-rGO composites synthesized via microfluidic-based strategy were smaller than those via batch method. Moreover, the ve.
C-Shaped Open Slot Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Applications

In this article, we present a novel slot radiator to achieve a broadband and high-gain antenna array for millimeter-wave (mmW) applications. The slot radiator consists of two C-shaped apertures to generate a pair of folded magnetic dipole radiations. From the obtained results, this slot radiator can produce a broadside radiation and have a wide impedance bandwidth of 39.8% with a reflection coefficient less than −10 dB from 21.7 to 32.5 GHz. Based on the promising result from the antenna element, an $8 \times 8$ antenna array with a 1-to-64 full-corporate feed network is designed and constructed. The measured results prove that the proposed array achieves a wide impedance bandwidth of 37.1% from 21.3 to 31 GHz. Meanwhile, the gain of the array is from 26.4 to 28.3 dBi across the operating bandwidth, with an average radiation efficiency of 70.1%. This proposed antenna array has a wide bandwidth and a high directive gain, which is a good candidate for long-distance mmW communications and related applications.
Basic Management Traits for Today's Global Competitive Environment

This study identifies and analyses basic management traits that are important for managers and organizations in toda's global competitive environment. Common effective management practices could be found in successful organizations. Among those practices are establishing well-defined values and goals and working to make employees accept those values as their own, knowing the organization's clients and working to find and keep those clients satisfied, developing and supporting employees, and communicating clearly. This chapter elaborates five basic management practices that must be mastered by all managers and Its importance for today's highly competitive business environment.
Stereoscopic quality assessment of 1, 000 VR180 videos using 8 metrics

In this work we present a large-scale analysis of stereoscopic quality for 1,000 VR180 YouTube videos. VR180 is a new S3D format for VR devices which stores the view for only a single hemisphere. Instead of a multi-camera rig, this format requires just two cameras with fisheye lenses similar to conventional 3D-shooting, resulting in cost reduction of the final device and simplification of the shooting process. But as in the conventional stereoscopic format, VR180 videos suffer from stereoscopyrelated problems specific to 3D shooting. In this paper we analyze videos to detect the most common stereoscopic artifacts using objective quality metrics, including color, sharpness and geometry mismatch between views and more. Our study depicts the current state of S3D technical quality of VR180 videos and reveals its overall poor condition, as most of the analyzed videos exhibit at least one of the stereoscopic artifacts, which shows a necessity for stereoscopic quality control in modern VR180 shooting.
Factors Influencing Digital Transformation of Logistics Service Providers: A Case Study in Thailand

This research explores and develops digital transformation factors influencing the logistics service-provider sector in Thailand while also examining the impact sustainability factors associated with digital transformation. Divided into two parts, Part one of the theoretical study framework covers 21 factors relating to logistics, including drivers, objectives, implications, and success factors. The second part concerns 23 factors associated with logistics sustainability, including economic, environmental, and social aspects. This quantitative empirical research was conducted using an online questionnaire instrument, and a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to test the proposed model. The findings from 545 samples collected between August and November 2020 from respondents working in logistics service-provider companies in Thailand show that digital transformation drivers and objectives seem likely to impact success factors and implications in digital transformation positively. Digital transformation success factors also positively impact logistics sustainability. In comparison, logistics sustainability has a significant impact on Thailand’s logistics service-provider sector’s economic, environmental, and social aspects. Lastly, this research highlights the significance of digital transformation success factors and extends the current knowledge about digital transformation factors and their potential impact on logistics sustainability.
Thermal regulation of volume and porosity in lipid mesophases by coupling mobile ligands to soft membranes

Lucia Parolini, Bortolo M. Mognetti, Jurij Kotar, Erika Eiser, Pietro Cicuta, and Lorenzo Di Michele ∗ Biological and Soft Systems Sector, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom Interdisciplinary Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems & Service de Physique des Systemes Complexes et Mecanique Statistique, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, CP 231, Blvd du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dated: July 21, 2014)
Stability Analysis of Microgrid Islanding Transients Based on Interconnected Dissipative Subsystems

To ensure successful islanding of microgrids after a fault has occurred, the transient stability should be analyzed under a set of expected operating conditions during the design and operation of microgrids. Transient stability analysis is conventionally performed with time-domain analysis which is computationally expensive and does not quantify the stability margin. Energy-based methodologies can determine the stability margin, however existing methodologies require significant simplifications to be applied to the microgrid model. The energy-based stability analysis methodology proposed in this paper enables the analysis of high-dimension nonlinear microgrid systems and quantification of the stability margin within reasonable time. The performance of the methodology is validated by analyzing a case study microgrid and comparing the results to time-domain analysis and to a state-of-the-art methodology proposed in the literature. The results indicate that the proposed methodology has a significantly lower computational burden and similar accuracy compared to existing energy-based methodologies. The methodology is able to improve the probability of stable islanding of the case study microgrid from 74% up to 94% when only optimizing the design, and up to 100% when optimizing design and control actions.