Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies for Grain Yield and some Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Normal and Late Sowing Conditions.

Seven parental cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were used in a half diallel mating design at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to study combining ability and heterosis and their interactions under two sowing dates , 15 November ( normal sowing date) and 15 December ( late sowing date ) in two adjacent experiments, for days to heading, No. of spikes/plant, 1000grain weight and grain yield/plant. Sowing dates mean squares was highly significant for all studied traits. Genotypes mean squares was highly significant for all studied traits at the two sowing dates and their combined. The overall means of genotypes were (88.98, 83.76 and 86.37days) for days to heading; (13.87, 10.00 and 11.94) for No. of spikes/plant; (47.26, 35.41 and 41.34g) for 1000-grain weight and (39.43, 24.58 and 32.01g) for grain yield/plant on the normal, late sowing dates and their combined, respectively. Late sowing date (heat stress) caused reduction for days to heading (5.87%), No. of spikes/plant (27.90%), 1000-grain weight (25.07%) and grain yield/plant (37.66 %), compared with normal sowing date (favorable). Interaction of sowing dates with genotypes was highly significant for all studied traits. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability ( SCA ) mean squares was significant for all studied traits at the both sowing dates and their combined, except general combining ability mean squares for 1000grain weight and grain yield/plant for the combined data. Genetic analyses of these traits confirm the participation of both additive and non-additive gene effects in controlling their inheritance. The interactions of sowing dates with general combining ability were found to be not-significant for all studied traits, whereas the interactions of sowing dates with specific combining ability were found to be significant for all studied traits. The ratio of GCA to SCA variance (predictability ratio) was closer to 1 for all studied traits, except for No. of spikes/plant and grain yield/plant at normal sowing date that revealed the predominance of additive gene action in the inheritance. The parental line (P5) proved to be the good general combiner for grain yield/plant at the two sowing dates and their combined. Hybrid combination (P1 × P4) showed highly significant desirable SCA effects for days to heading, No. of spikes/plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/plant. Six cross combinations (P1 × P2), (P1 × P4), (P1 × P6), (P2 × P4), (P4 × P5) and (P4 × P6), exhibited significant desired heterosis for grain yield/plant which varied from ( 10.8% ) to ( 35.38% ) relative to their better parents at both normal and late sowing date levels.
Assessment of the reproductive traits of Saanen, Red Maradi goats and their crossbreeding the Sudano-guinean zone of North Benin

The study was conducted at the farm of the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) "Fermiers Sans Frontiere" to assess the reproductive performance of Red Maradi, Saanen goats and their crossbred F1 and F2 (backcross) in an intensive livestock farming system in northern Benin. The reproduction data were collected on 238 goats. The Red Maradi first reached age at conception and first kidding, followed by F1, Saanen and F2 (P<0.05). On the other hand, the average weight at mating was significantly higher in Saanen, followed by F1, F2 and Red Maradi. Goats born in the rainy season had better reproductive performance than the others born in the dry season. Similarly, single-born goats had the shortest period (P<0.05) for some reproductive performances (age at conception, age at first kidding, kidding interval and gestation period). The Red Maradi breed was superior in all reproductive traits indicating better reproductive performance of this breed compared to Saanen and F1 and F2. The effect of the season on most traits indicates the need for supplementation of goats during the dry season when the pasture condition is very poor for better reproductive performance.
Small circRNAs with self-cleaving ribozymes are frequently expressed in metazoan transcriptomes

Ribozymes are catalytic RNAs present in modern genomes but considered as remnants of a prebiotic RNA world. The paradigmatic hammerhead ribozyme (HHR) is a small self-cleaving motif widespread from bacterial to human genomes. Here, we report that most of the classical type I HHRs frequently found in the genomes of diverse animals are contained within a novel family of non-autonomous non-LTR retrotransposons. These retroelements are expressed as abundant linear and circular RNAs of ∼170-400 nt in different animal tissues. In vitro analyses confirm an efficient self-cleavage of the HHRs harboured in invertebrate retrozymes, whereas those in retrozymes of vertebrates, such as the axolotl, require to act as dimeric motifs to reach higher self-cleavage rates. Ligation assays of retrozyme RNAs with a protein ligase versus HHR self-ligation indicate that, most likely, tRNA ligases and not the ribozymes are involved in the step of RNA circularization. Altogether, these results confirm the existence of a new and conserved pathway in animals and, likely, in eukaryotes in general, for the efficient biosynthesis of RNA circles through small ribozymes, which will allow the development of biotechnological tools in the emerging field of circRNAs.
Role of leucine rich repeat and Ig domain containing 1 (LINGO1) in demyelinating and neurological diseases and investigation of conserved residues by docking analysis for novel therapeutic options

A demyelinating sickness is any ailment of the nervous system in which the myelin casing of neurons is injured. This harm weakens the transmission of signals in the pretentious nerves. Demyelinating diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, are categorized on the basis of the scratch of the myelin covering around neurons, because of swelling and gliosis in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), respectively. In this current research, an amalgam approach of comparative modeling and molecular docking pursued by inhibitor recognition and structure modeling was used. Existing treatments mark anti-inflammatory ways to hinder or slow disease sequence. The recognition of a means to improve axon myelination would present innovative remedial approaches to restrain and probably turn around disease progression. A computational ligand-target docking method was applied to investigate structural composites of the Leucine Rich Repeat and Ig Domain Containing 1 (LINGO1) with three ligands to understand the structural foundation of this protein goal specificity. The following ten residues were conserved for all the three ligands interaction LEU133, ILE134, Pro135, LEU136, ILE155, ILE157, LEU159, ASP160, TYR161, and MET162 which are present in Leucine Rich Repeat 3 and 4 domains. Therefore, these three ligands can be utilized as the potential inhibitors to prevent various neurological disorders and the axonal neuropathies especially the CMT disease. Docking analysis showed that the two important drugs which are widely used have the potential to block the Rho-Rock pathways. Here, we report inhibitors which showed maximum binding affinity for the three most important axonal regeneration inhibitors. However, further studies are required to find the applications of these drugs. Key words: Demyelination, RTN4, CMT1A, spinal cord injury, ROCK inhibition, neurite growth inhibitors.
Effects of supplemented culture media from solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae on performance, serum biochemical parameters, serum immune indexes, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broiler chickens

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate effects of supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae (I. cicadae) on performance, serum biochemical parameters, serum immune indexes, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broiler chickens. Methods A total of 648 Arbor Acres male broiler chickens(1 d; average body weight, 42.93± 0.47 g) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with six replicates and 18 broiler chickens per replicate. Broiler chickens were fed phase I (d 1 to 21) and phase II (d 22 to 42) diets. The phase I diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, or 10% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. The phase II diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 1.33%, 2.67%, 4.00%, 5.32%, or 6.67% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. Results In phase I, the broiler chickens with the supplementation of culture media had increased body weight gain and feed intake (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with increasing inclusion of culture media. The levels of serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased linearly (p<0.05). In phase II, levels of serum T-AOC and interleukin-1β increased linearly (p<0.05), and GSH increased (p<0.05). In the kidney, GSH and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) and SOD concentration increased linearly (p<0.05). Compared to the control, shear force and drip loss of breast muscle decreased (linear and quadratic, p< 0.05). Drip loss of leg muscle decreased linearly and quadratically (p<0.05). Conclusion Dietary supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented I.cicadae which was enriched in both wheat and residual bioactive components of I. cicadae enhanced the growth performance of broiler chickens. It also improved body anti-oxidative status and contributed to improve broiler meat quality.
Alternative trafficking of Weibel‐Palade body proteins in CRISPR/Cas9‐engineered von Willebrand factor–deficient blood outgrowth endothelial cells

Synthesis of the hemostatic protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) drives formation of endothelial storage organelles called Weibel‐Palade bodies (WPBs). In the absence of VWF, angiogenic and inflammatory mediators that are costored in WPBs are subject to alternative trafficking routes. In patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD), partial or complete absence of VWF/WPBs may lead to additional bleeding complications, such as angiodysplasia. Studies addressing the role of VWF using VWD patient–derived blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) have reported conflicting results due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of patient‐derived BOECs.
Neurological disorder drug discovery from gene expression with tensor decomposition

Background Identifying effective candidate drug compounds in patients with neurological disorders based on gene expression data is of great importance to the neurology field. By identifying effective candidate drugs to a given neurological disorder, neurologists would (1) reduce the time searching for effective treatments; and (2) gain additional useful information that leads to a better treatment outcome. Although there are many strategies to screen drug candidate in pre-clinical stage, it is not easy to check if candidate drug compounds can be also effective to human. Objective We tried to propose a strategy to screen genes whose expression is altered in model animal experiments to be compared with gene expressed differentically with drug treatment to human cell lines. Methods Recently proposed tensor decomposition (TD) based unsupervised feature extraction (FE) is applied to single cell (sc) RNA-seq experiments of Alzheimer’s disease model animal mouse brain. Results Four hundreds and one genes are screened as those differentially expressed during Aβ accumulation as age progresses. These genes are significantly overlapped with those expressed differentially with the known drug treatments for three independent data sets: LINCS, DrugMatrix and GEO. Conclusion Our strategy, application of TD based unsupervised FE, is useful one to screen drug candidate compounds using scRNA-seq data set.
Plankton community responses to pulsed upwelling events in the southern Taiwan Strait

We used field observations (mapping and time-series observations) and satellite data to investigate the changes of environmental factors and plankton community structure during four pulsed upwelling events in the southern Taiwan Strait (STWS) during August 2004 and July 2005. Based on the surface temperature, salinity, and concentrations of nitrate, oxygen, and chlorophyll a (Chl a), we identified three stages of upwelling: recent, mature, and aged upwelled water. Diatoms and Synechococcus dominated during the first two and third stages of the upwelling, respectively. In recently upwelled water, phytoplankton grew rapidly, and nutrient concentrations were relatively high. Diatoms accounted for >69% of the total Chl a in recently upwelled and mature water. As the upwelled water aged, the phytoplankton community shifted to coexistence of diatoms and Synechococcus. The microzooplankton community was dominated by aloricate ciliates and tintinnids during upwelling, but the abundance of heterotrophic dinoflagellates increased as the upwelled water matured. Microzooplankton grazing reached a maximum during the mature stage and approximately balanced phytoplankton growth in aged, upwelled water. Overall, our study revealed rapid changes in the plankton community during the different stages of upwelling that reflected the complex and dynamic nature of upwelling systems.
Seasonal changes in proximate composition and textural attributes of farm raised chocolate mahseer (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis)

Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, a potential candidate species for aquaculture, have suffered from severe declines. The year round harvested fresh fish samples were graded into small (<50 g), medium (51-150 g) and large fish (>150 g) and sampled according to the stages i.e. I (Sept-Dec), II (Jan-Feb), III (MarchMay) and IV (June-Aug). Analysis of seasonal variation showed that small fish dominated in terms of moisture content (80.08±0.69%) and hardness values (3277.73±101.03g) while the large fish contains highest fat (8.18±0.58%) and ash; highest protein content (20.15±0.65%) was seen in the medium size group. Though the medium fish had properties deeming to be presented to the consumers in its expected state, the breaking down of the fish flesh while eating being same within the groups due to insignificant (p>0.05) values of springiness ranging 0.86±0.00 and 0.88±0.03 for the samples is also a remarkable finding of the study.
A high-throughput segregation analysis identifies the sex chromosomes of Cannabis sativa

Cannabis sativa-derived tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) production is increasing very fast worldwide. C. sativa is a dioecious plant with XY chromosomes, and only females (XX) are useful for THC production. The C. sativa sex chromosomes sequence would improve early sexing and better management of this crop; however, the C. sativa genome projects failed to identify the sex chromosomes so far. Moreover, dioecy in the Cannabaceae family is ancestral, C. sativa sex chromosomes are potentially old and thus very interesting to study as little is known about the last steps of sex chromosome evolution in plants. Here we RNA-sequenced a C. sativa family (2 parents and 10 male and female offspring) and performed a segregation analysis for all C. sativa genes using the probabilistic method SEX-DETector. We identified >500 sex-linked genes. Mapping of these sex-linked genes to a C. sativa genome assembly identified a single chromosome pair with a large non-recombining region. Further analysis of the >500 sex-linked genes revealed that C. sativa has a strongly degenerated Y chromosome and represents the oldest plant sex chromosome system documented so far. Our study revealed that old plant sex chromosomes can have large non-recombining regions and be very differentiated and still be of similar size (homomorphic).
HUMAN GESTURE ANALYSIS BASED ON VIDEO

: Human gesture recognition is defined as a necessity to determine what human body actions occur in videos. Gestures can originate from body motion like walking, bending, jumping, and hand waving. When a video is playing the human action detection is a difficult point of detection. This problem is peculiarly hard due to extensive variations in motion appearance of actions, camera angles with respect to the human body, motion in the background, noise and large amount of video data. Main aim is to detect various gestures in a multimedia clip by pre-processing the video and then applying algorithm for identifying various actions. The important role is to determine behavior of humans based on based on their actions. The moving objects are determined from a video stream. The database used includes CASIA database and WEIZ MANS ACTION database to test the proposed system. Those can be applied to Surveillance Systems.
Isolation of an antimicrobial resistant, biofilm forming, Klebsiella grimontii isolate from a re-usable water bottle

A re-usable water bottle was swabbed as part of the citizen science project Swab and Send and a Klebsiella grimontii isolate was recovered on chromogenic agar and designated SS141. Whole genome sequencing of SS141 showed it has the potential to be a human pathogen as it contains the biosynthetic gene cluster for the potent cytotoxin, kleboxymycin, and genes for other virulence factors. The genome also contains blaOXY-6-4 and fosA which is likely to explain the observed resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin and fosfomycin. We have also shown that SS141 is a potent biofilm former, providing a reasonable explanation for its ability to colonise a re-usable water bottle. With the increasing use of re-usable water bottles as an alternative to disposables, and a strong forecast for growth in this industry over the next decade, this study highlights the need for cleanliness comparable to other re-usable culinary items.
Multipath Routing for Survivability of Complex Networks Under Cascading Failures

Complex infrastructure networks have been characterized as being scale-free and therefore maintain a heterogeneous node distribution. While scale free networks (SFN) have been investigated using vulnerability assessments, particularly that of cascading node failures, existing research has not dealt with the aftermath of these failures. This paper addresses the problem of discovering end to end paths in a SFN in the presence of cascading failures such that survivability is achieved for each sourcedestination pair. We first develop a model to capture cascading failures in SFNs while redistributing traffic load to neighboring nodes. Given the traffic distribution after the cascade of failures, we develop a routing algorithm such that backup connections are constructed for each source-destination pair. We formulate the routing algorithm by exploiting the multipath topology of SFNs and the different priorities of the traffic flows. We compare our routing approach in a SFN with that of a random network in which node distributions are homogeneous. We show that our routing algorithm performs well under intentional node attacks and efficiently considers the classification of the traffic when constructing alternate routing paths.
Efficiency of chitosan and eggshell on harvesting of Spirulina sp. in a bioflocculation process

Aims: Microalgae were very small in size (a few μm) and have a low concentration in the medium. Due to their size, harvesting of microalgae from their growth medium remain a major obstacle in downstream processing. Efficient harvesting method must be applied to ensure it is cost effective, preserves quality and improves the culture process which is important for commercial algal production. Common harvesting methods use to harvest microalgae from their growth medium are centrifugation, filtration, flotation, sedimentation, and flocculation. Flocculation is a common method use to harvest microalgae due to low cost, save time and highly efficient method for algae biomass recovery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects chitosan and eggshell on flocculation of microalga Spirulina platensis. Chitosan and eggshell were chosen as flocculant due to their biodegradability, non-toxicity and safe to handle. Methodology and results: The efficiencies of flocculation process were examined by conducting experiments over a range of culture pH, flocculant concentrations and flocculation time using chitosan and eggshell as flocculant agent. Under optimized flocculation conditions of 50 mg/L chitosan at pH 8 culture media for 90 min of flocculation time and 4 mg/mL eggshell at pH 4 culture media for 8 min of flocculation time, the maximum flocculation efficiency obtained was 79.98±1.65% and 97.17±1.38%, respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Therefore, it can be concluded that chitosan and eggshell could be used as flocculants for harvesting large scale microalgal biomass production. Nevertheless, eggshell is more economical and more efficient compared to chitosan in harvesting microalgae biomass.
Defining and measuring selective dictionary use among L2 readers.

A review of relevant literature concerning second language dictionary use while reading suggests that selective dictionary use leads to improved comprehension and more efficient vocabulary development. This study aims to examine the dictionary use of Japanese university students to determine just how selective the students are when reading non-fiction English texts for general comprehension. The findings suggest that high-intermediate and advanced students are often selective when considering whether to look up a word. However, a quarter of the words looked up in the study were neither essential to the main points in the articles nor high frequency words, according to corpus research. It is concluded that students would benefit from training in selective dictionary use.
Differential scanning calorimetry investigation of the effect of salts on aqueous solution properties of an amphiphilic block copolymer (poloxamer)

Aqueous solution properties of a poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) amphiphilic copolymer (Pluronic L64: EO13PO30EO13) were studied in the presence of various alkali halide salts (LiCl, KCl, NaCl, NaBr, and NaI), sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), and urea ((NH2)2CO). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed for the determination of both the unimer-to-micelle transition (critical micellization temperature, CMT) and the phase separation (cloud point, CP). DSC is particularly useful in the case of Pluronic L64 where the detection of the CMT by optical techniques is hindered by the presence of a hydrophobic impurity. The presence of LiCl, KCl, NaCl, and NaBr decreased both CMT and CP (in the order Cl- > Br- and Na+ > K+ > Li+), whereas addition of NaSCN and urea resulted in a CMT and CP increase (in the order NaSCN > urea). NaI appeared to be an intermediate case as it decreased the CMT but increased the CP. Variation of the anion type (rather than.
Cell cycle-based mechanism of epigenetic centromere propagation

67 Introduction . 67 2.1 The Mis18 complex centromere targeting is required for CENP-A propagation across species . 67 2.2 The role of the Mis18 complex at the centromere . 70 2.3 Mechanisms of centromere recognition by the Mis18 complex . 75 2.4 Material and Methods . 77 2.5 Results . 82 Recruitment of the Mis18 complex to the centromere is controlled by phosphorylation of M18BP1T653 . 82 Mis18α can form a complex with M18BP1 or Mis18β in G2 phase of the cell cycle . 88 Mis18β cannot form a complex with M18BP1 in G2 phase of the cell cycle . 90 2.6 Discussion and Conclusions . 95 Acknowledgements . 100 References . 101 Chapter 3 Cdk1/2 dependent regulation of HJURP . 109 Abstract . 111. 11