Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic responses to an earthquake source due to the motional induction effect in a 2-D layered model

Movement of the conductive earth medium in the ambient geomagnetic field can generate an electromotive force and a motional induction current, which further cause the disturbances of the electromagnetic (EM) fields. Such a mechanoelectric coupling is known as the motional induction (MI) effect and has been proposed to be a possible mechanism for the generation of the observed EM signals during earthquakes. In this paper, we study the EM responses to an earthquake source due to such a MI effect in a 2-D horizontally layered model. First we transform the governing equations that couple the elastodynamic equations and Maxwell equations into a set of first-order ordinary depth-dependent differential equations. Then we solve the seismic and EM responses to a moment tensor source. Finally, we transform the 2-D seismic and EM responses to 3-D responses using a simple amplitude correction method. We conduct several numerical examples to investigate the properties of the EM signals generated by the earthquake source. The results show that two types of EM signals can be observed. The first one is the coseismic electric/magnetic field that accompanies the seismic P and S waves as well as the Rayleigh wave. The second one is the early EM signal which arrives before the P wave. The numerical results show that the EM signals change with the inclination angle of the geomagnetic field, the azimuth angle between the wave propagation plane and the geomagnetic vertical plane, and the medium conductivity. Increase in the conductivity can enhance the coseismic electric and magnetic signals. Our simulation also shows that an EM wave can be generated by a seismic wave at the interface separating two different media. The radiation pattern of the interface EM wave generated by a P wave is similar to that of a horizontal electric dipole located on the interface.
Study on FGRD for software quality

By analyzing the current software quality evaluation methods and their shortages,an integrated evaluation method for software quality is proposed,which is FGRD(fuzzy comprehensive method,grey theory,rough set theory and Delphi method). Expatiating on the principle and the process of evaluation based on this method,an example is given to show validate the feasibility and practicability of this method.The method gives a beneficial academic reference to promote software quality.
Research on Key Technology in Web Usage Mining

Web usage mining is the application of data mining techniques to discover usage patterns from Web data. The definition and background of Web usage mining are introduced. Details about three phases of Web usage mining, namely preprocessing, pattern discovery, and pattern analysis, are given. And the development trends and the key technologies in applications are studied. Some future works on research field of Web usage mining are presented.
Logical hardware debuggers for fpga-based systems

Designers using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have generally performed hardware debugging and verification for FPGA designs much like they would for other digital hardware designs, using simulation and external test equipment. Due to common SRAM-based FPGA device features such as JTAG interfaces, configuration readback, and reprogrammability, the debugging process for FPGA designs can resemble common software debugging approaches where designs are debugged by executing directly on the target hardware system using debuggers which provide high levels of design observability, controllability, execution control, and interactivity while presenting high-level, logical views of the designs. This dissertation demonstrates that such a hardware debugging system is possible for FPGA-based designs by developing such a system for FPGA-based custom computing machines (FCCMs) using the JHDL design environment and other tools such as JBits and JRoute. This dissertation also demonstrates the use of FPGA configuration readback for providing FPGA design observability support for hardware debuggers as well as the use of design modification or instrumentation to improve design observability, controllability, and execution control. The most notable of these design instrumentation or modification techniques are: design-level scan, which provides complete design observability and controllability; bitstream-modifiable embedded logic analyzers, which provide quickly configurable, localized observability; and bitstream modification for the interactive controllability of an FPGA design's state.
The Himalayan Cryosphere: Appraisal of Climate-Glacier Inter-linkages

B R ARORA and RESOURCE TEAM** Member, National INSA-IUGG Committee, Former Director, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 36, Janakpuri, Engineer’s Enclave Phase III, Dehradun 248 001 **Resource Team: A P Dimri, D P Dobhal, N C Pant, Milap Sharma, Paramanand Sharma, Satyaprakash Shukla, A L Ramanathan and Meloth Thamban School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33, G. M. S. Road, Dehradun 248 001, India Department of Geology, Delhi University, Delhi, India Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India ESSO – National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa 403 804, India Polar Science Division, Geological Survey of India, Faridabad, India Glaciology Lab, SES, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
Month-to-Month Impacts of Southern Annular Mode Over South America Climate

The goal of this paper is to study month-to-month impacts of Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) phases over South America (SA). Composite analyses were performed excluding ENSO years. Southeastern SA (SESA), part of Southeastern and Central-West of Brazil seem to be more affected by SAM. However, SAM influences are different for each month, and there are also differences of the influences between SAM phases (not always opposite). For air temperature, March, May, July, August, September, and November show positive (negative) anomalies affecting regions cited above during the negative (positive) SAM phase. Although, the coverage of these anomalies is different among these months. February and December present a temperature anomaly dipole, with positive (negative) anomaly at SESA and negative (positive) northward, in the negative (positive) SAM phase. January has a different behavior compared with other months but also presents a nearly opposite signal between SAM phases. Precipitation anomalies composites indicate a weakening (strengthening) of South Atlantic Convergence Zone configuration at negative (positive) SAM phase (November-January and March). SESA region shows positive (negative) precipitation anomalies at negative (positive) SAM phases, during March-June and December. Nevertheless, in October, SAM oppositely influences this region. A case study (January 2017 - negative SAM - neutral ENSO) shows great similarity with the precipitation composites, ratifying the results. However, for temperature, the coastal region is the only which presents similarity with the composites.
A parallel corpus-based study of Chinese as target language in E-C translation

This study aims to identify lexical features of Chinese as target language in E-C translation.The corpus-assisted analysis reveals that there is difference between translated Chinese texts(TCT)and original Chinese texts(OCT)in the distribution of parts of speech as well as in the compositionality of certain words or morphemes.In word use,compared with OCT,TCT uses more function words(such as ad positions,conjunctions and pronominals)and fewer lexical words;moreover,TCT uses fewer monosyllabic words but more disyllabic words.In compositionality,TCT uses a large number of words or lexical bundles that are rarely used in OCT.All these features are unique to Chinese as target language in E-C translation,which cannot be adequately accounted for in terms of translation universals;rather,it is necessary to take into consideration the interference of English as source language.
A high efficient word alignment approach based on heuristic rule and lexicon

Bilingual Word Alignment,which can be defined as an object to indicate the corresponding words in a parallel sentence pair which have been aligned in the parallel text,is a very useful and difficult research topic in NLP.Considering various factors,comparing the word alignment results obtained from the current mainstream methods,this paper proposed a method combined heuristic rule and lexicon,the method is making full use of existing resources,taking into the application subsequently.Experiments show that the proposed method achieved good performance based on a small training corpus.
Weathering in a regolith on the Werenskioldbreen Glacier forefield (SW Spitsbergen). 2. Speciation of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu and Zn in the chronosequence

The evolution of chemical speciation of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, and Zn was investigated in the chronosequence of young sediments, exposed by a currently retreating Arctic glacier on Spitsbergen. Werenskioldbreen is a 27 km 2 subpolar, land-terminated, polythermal glacier in recession, located near the SW coast of West Spitsbergen. Three samples of structureless till were collected at locations exposed for 5, 45 and 70 years. Four grain-size fractions were separated: > 63, 20–63, 2–20, and < 2 μm. Speciation of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, and Zn was determined using a 6-step sequential chemical extraction method: 1) 1 M sodium acetate, 2) 1 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride in acetic acid, 3) sodium dithionite in buffer, 4) acid ammonium oxalate, 5) boiling HCl, 6) residuum. The weathering in the proglacial area of the retreating glacier is very fast. The geochemical fates of the metals in question correlate with each other, reflecting a) the geochemical similarities between them, b) the similarities of their primary mineral sources, c) the significant role of incongruent dissolution. The weathering processes dominating the system are redox reactions and incongruent dissolution, followed by precipitation of secondary phases and partial sorption of aqueous species. As a result, the elements released from weathering minerals are only partially transported away from the system. The remaining part transforms by weathering from the coarse-grained fraction (dominated by fragments of primary minerals) into the fine-grained fraction (in the form of secondary, authigenic minerals or as species sorbed onto a mineral skeleton). This is very strongly pronounced within the chronosequence: the content of each of the metals studied correlates identically with the grain size, despite the differences in their chemical character and affinities. The microscope study presented herein indicates that the role of incongruent dissolution previously was underestimated. Also, the formation of coatings of secondary phases on primary mineral surfaces was observed. All these rapid weathering processes affect the mineral speciation of initial soils as well as the composition of mineral suspensions transported away by rivers to the nearby ocean.
An online gait generator for quadruped walking using motor primitives

This article presents implementation of an online gait generator on a quadruped robot. Firstly, the design of a quadruped robot is presented. The robot contains four leg modules each of which is constructed by a 2 degrees of freedom (2-DOF) five-bar parallel linkage mechanism. Together with other two rotational DOF, the leg module is able to perform 4-DOF movement. The parallel mechanism of the robot allows all the servos attached on the body frame, so that the leg mass is decreased and motor load can be balanced. Secondly, an online gait generator based on dynamic movement primitives for the walking control is presented. Dynamic movement primitives provide an approach to generate periodic trajectories and they can be modulated in real time, which makes the online adjustment of walking gaits possible. This gait controller is tested by the quadruped robot in regulating walking speed, switching between forward\backward movements and steering. The controller is easy to apply, expand and is quite effective on phase coordination and online trajectory modulation. Results of simulated experiments are presented.
KUL: Data-driven Approach to Temporal Parsing of Newswire Articles

This paper describes a system for temporal processing of text, which participated in the Temporal Evaluations 2013 campaign. The system employs a number of machine learning classifiers to perform the core tasks of: identification of time expressions and events, recognition of their attributes, and estimation of temporal links between recognized events and times. The central feature of the proposed system is temporal parsing ‐ an approach which identifies temporal relation arguments (eventevent and event-timex pairs) and the semantic label of the relation as a single decision.
Drought Monitoring Utility using Satellite-Based Precipitation Products over the Xiang River Basin in China

Drought is a natural hazard disaster that can deeply affect environments, economies, and societies around the world. Therefore, accurate monitoring of patterns in drought is important. Precipitation is the key variable to define the drought index. However, the spare and uneven distribution of rain gauges limit the access of long-term and reliable in situ observations. Remote sensing techniques enrich the precipitation data at different temporal–spatial resolutions. In this study, the climate prediction center morphing (CMORPH) technique (CMORPH-CRT), the tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TRMM 3B42V7), and the integrated multi-satellite retrievals for global precipitation measurement (IMERG V05) were evaluated and compared with in situ observations for the drought monitoring in the Xiang River Basin, a humid region in China. A widely-used drought index, the standardized precipitation index (SPI), was chosen to evaluate the drought monitoring utility. The atmospheric water deficit (AWD) was used for comparison of the drought estimation with SPI. The results were as follows: (1) IMERG V05 precipitation products showed the highest accuracy against grid-based precipitation, followed by CMORPH-CRT, which performed better than TRMM 3B42V7; (2) IMERG V05 showed the best performance in SPI-1 (one-month SPI) estimations compared with CMORPH-CRT and TRMM 3B42V7; (3) SPI-1 was more suitable for drought monitoring than AWD in the Xiang River Basin, because its high R-values and low root mean square error (RMSE) compared with the corresponding index based on in situ observations; (4) drought conditions in 2015 were apparently more severe than that in 2016 and 2017, with the driest area mainly distributed in the southwest part of the Xiang River Basin.
Discrimination of mango orchards in Malihabad, India using textural features

Abstract Malihabad in Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India is world renowned for its ‘Mango Malihabadi Dusseheri’, a Geographical Indicator (GI) tagged variety of mango. In this study, a strategy has been demonstrated to discriminate the mango orchards using two dates LISS IV data (spatial resolution: 5.8 m; bands: green, red, NIR) in the selected study region of Malihabad and neighbouring areas of mango-growing belt. As mango orchards have unique textural patterns when seen through space, textural features computed using grey tone spatial dependence matrices have been used as an addition to spectral features for better discrimination. Sparsely and densely populated mango orchards have been taken as separate classes. Classification algorithms of Maximum Likelihood Classifier and Support Vector Machine have been compared for their effectiveness as well as majority analysis has been used as a post-classification process to improve classification accuracy. Classification accuracy increased by many folds from 71 to 80% using only spectral bands to 85–89% using both spectral and textural features and majority analysis as additional post-classification process. Final distribution map of sparsely and densely populated mango orchards have been prepared after intersection of respective classes in the classified maps generated using two dates.
Evaluation of Snowmelt Estimation Techniques for Enhanced Spring Peak Flow Prediction

Water resources management and planning requires accurate and reliable spring flood forecasts. In cold and snowy countries, particularly in snow-dominated watersheds, enhanced flood prediction requires adequate snowmelt estimation techniques. Whereas the majority of the studies on snow modeling have focused on comparing the performance of empirical techniques and physically based methods, very few studies have investigated empirical models and conceptual models for improving spring peak flow prediction. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of empirical degree-day method (DDM) to effectively and accurately predict peak flows compared to sophisticated and conceptual SNOW-17 model at two watersheds in Canada: the La-Grande River Basin (LGRB) and the Upper Assiniboine river at Shellmouth Reservoir (UASR). Additional insightful contributions include the evaluation of a seasonal model calibration approach, an annual model calibration method, and two hydrological models: McMaster University Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning (MAC-HBV) and Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting model (SAC-SMA). A total of eight model scenarios were considered for each watershed. Results indicate that DDM was very competitive with SNOW-17 at both the study sites, whereas it showed significant improvement in prediction accuracy at UASR. Moreover, the seasonally calibrated model appears to be an effective alternative to an annual model calibration approach, while the SAC-SMA model outperformed the MAC-HBV model, no matter which snowmelt computation method, calibration approach, or study basin is used. Conclusively, the DDM and seasonal model calibration approach coupled with the SAC-SMA hydrologic model appears to be a robust model combination for spring peak flow estimation.
Construction of Bi-modal Database for Barrier-free Teaching System

This paper analyzes the application of Chinese speech recognition technology in the non-barrier education system, and studies the construction of bi-modal database for barrier-free teaching system. Based on the case study of the curriculum named “Foundation of Photoshop”, the paper creates corpus to make acquisition of experimental data and annotation of corpora.Meanwhile we analyze and design the organization of data and build essential dictionary and grammar network in recognition system.
Ravens exploit wildlife roadkill and agricultural landscapes but do not affect songbird assemblages

ABSTRACT Future land-use change could supplement populations of opportunistic predatory birds, such as corvids, resulting in amplified predation pressure and negative effects on populations of other avian species. We investigated whether Forest Ravens (Corvus tasmanicus) were more likely to be observed in modified landscapes and in areas of higher roadkill density in south-eastern Tasmania. Following this, we examined the effect of Forest Raven density on the abundance of other birds. We surveyed birds along roadsides to investigate the effects of land-use and raven population density on the presence of smaller birds/songbirds. We used species distribution models and generalised linear models to assess the habitat and population dynamics of Forest Ravens. Roadkill presence increased the probability of observing ravens more than six-fold. Forest Raven presence was also higher in agricultural areas than in forested and urban areas. There was no effect of Forest Raven abundance on species richness or abundance of smaller songbirds. This null result may be due to seasonal effects or because ravens moderate the presence or abundance of other avian predators. However, the interactions of meso-predators with other species are complex, and further work is required to assess the long-term effects of anthropogenic supplementation of ravens on the ecosystem.
Prospection techniques for Oil and shale gas

Portugal is under an intensive foreign interest in exploration for oil and shale gas. The interest is onshore and offshore. There are several contracts signed for prospection by fracking. After the developments in Algarve area in October, the focus is now on the triangle formed by Figueira da Foz, Peniche and Fatima Shrine. Citizens are divided, but many assume that knowing the endogenous energy potential can be positive to reduce external dependency, security of supply and increase exports. The main general concern is the Environmental and Social impact of the prospection based on this method. This paper presents and reflects on alternatives for the fracking technique. There are several alternatives of the fracking technique that can be considered when prospecting in populated areas, such as inside rural areas. Also, these techniques can be considered in areas with economic activities based on water consumption, such as agriculture and fishery. These techniques have greater respect for the population and their activities. The incremental costs of such alternatives are not so high that could jeopardize profits for companies. Also, these techniques don’t delay in time the projected works.
Digital proxy signature scheme with privacy protection

A proxy signature scheme based on encryption and blind signature was proposed to protect original signer's privacy. In delegation authorization, the original signer encrypts the message by ElGamal public-key cryptosystem and gives it with other delegating parameters to the proxy signer. In proxy signature generation, the receiver decrypts the encrypted message and then gets its proxy signature by Nyberg-Rueppel blind signature scheme.Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme not only meets the basic security requirements of proxy signature, but also ensures that the proxy signer and others except the valid receiver cannot get any information from the message.