Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dinoflagellate genera Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis from subtropical Raoul Island and North Meyer Island, Kermadec Islands

ABSTRACT An expedition to North Meyer Island, Kermadec Islands, in November 2015, resulted in the isolation of two Gambierdiscus species, G. australes and a previously unknown Gambierdiscus species maintained in the Cawthron Institute Culture Collection of Micro-algae as CAWD242. Identifications were based on morphology and DNA sequence data analysis. Nine isolates of G. australes produced maitotoxin-1 (MTX-1) ranging from present (detectable but below the confidence level) to 36.6 pg per cell. One further isolate did not produce MTX-1, but all G. australes isolates produced putative MTX-3. Isolate CAWD242 was negative for MTX-1 but produced MTX-3. Ostreopsis sp. 3 isolated from samples collected during an earlier expedition in 2013 produced low concentrations of palytoxin (PLTX)-like compounds (0.013 pg per cell), but an isolate of the same species from samples collected in 2015 was non-toxic. Other dinoflagellates isolated and identified were Coolia malayensis, Amphidinium carterae and Prorocentrum hoffmannianum.
Synthesis of S,S′- Bis (2-Benzimidazolylmethyl)Dithioglyoxime and Its Complexes with Nickel(II), Palladium(II), Cobalt(II), and Cobalt(III)

Abstract A new vicinal dioxiroe ligand with two 2-benzimidazolylmethyl groups, namely S,S′-bis(2-benzimidazolylroethyl)dithioglyoxime (H2L), has been prepared from cyanogen-di-N-oxide and 2-mercaptomethylbenz-imidazole in dichloromethane at -10°C. Nickel(II), palladium(II), cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) complexes of H2L have a metal : ligand ratio of 1 : 2 and the ligand coordinates through the two N atoms, as most of the vicinal dioximes. [Co(HL)2(L′)Cl] has been prepared with L′ = pyridine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 2-mercaptopyridine, 2-car-boxypyridine, pyridine-2-carboxyaldehyde, triphenylphosphine, tri-phenylarsine, together with a chloride ion as axial ligands. All these complexes are slightly soluble in common organic solvents. Structures are proposed according to elemental analyses, 1H, 13C-NMR IR, and UV-Visible spectral data.
An efficient solver for large structured eigenvalue problems in relativistic quantum chemistry

ABSTRACT We report an efficient program for computing the eigenvalues and symmetry-adapted eigenvectors of very large quaternionic (or Hermitian skew-Hamiltonian) matrices, using which structure-preserving diagonalisation of matrices of dimension N > 10, 000 is now routine on a single computer node. Such matrices appear frequently in relativistic quantum chemistry owing to the time-reversal symmetry. The implementation is based on a blocked version of the Paige–Van Loan algorithm, which allows us to use the Level 3 BLAS subroutines for most of the computations. Taking advantage of the symmetry, the program is faster by up to a factor of 2 than state-of-the-art implementations of complex Hermitian diagonalisation; diagonalising a 12, 800 × 12, 800 matrix took 42.8 (9.5) and 85.6 (12.6) minutes with 1 CPU core (16 CPU cores) using our symmetry-adapted solver and Intel Math Kernel Library's ZHEEV that is not structure-preserving, respectively. The source code is publicly available under the FreeBSD licence.
SOME JAPANESE GALLMIDGES WITH THE DESCRIPTIONS OF KNOWN AND NEW GENERA AND SPECIES (2) (Diptera, Cecidomyidae)

In Japan a cecidomyid gall(1) was reported at first by C. Hasegawa about 1745. Dr. Sasaki mentioned 13 gallmidges injurious to forest trees on his book(2) in 1901-2. There-after were reported some gallmidges by several authors intermittently; the mulberry budmidge by Fukusima(1) in 1904, by Nisikawa^ in 1905, by Tutida(5:i in 1909, Bamboo twigmidge by IT. Nawa® in 1909. Dr. Kieffer"5 described 2 new cecidomyid flies from the group of mulberry scale (Ps~ eudaulacepis pentagona Targ.), Tricontarinia ciliatipennis and T. japonica in 1910. In the same year NlWA<8) mentioned on the midge injurious to mulberry tree and named it Diplosis ^ fasciata. Dr. Niijimaá" stated on some willow midges in 1913. It was reported another injurious midges; the grape midge by Mukaigawa in 1917, the pear blossom midge and citrus midge by Okada in 1918, the willow rosette midgeci;) by Kurata in 1918, the soy bean midge(n) by Kanzawa in 1918, mulberry black midge0-5 (Diplosis morivorella) by Naito in 1919, the soy bean stem midge(l:! ) by Dr. Kuwayama in 1926, Dr. Yokoyama mentioned on the mulberry budmidge'-14^ Diplosis mori in 1929. In the same year the present writer^V reported 36 cecidomyid galls and there-after 44 until 1932<18> (total 80). Dr. Sasakiá" having studied on the mulberry budmidge described 2 Species Urosema mori and Trishormomyia rnaculata (Diplosis mori Yokoyama) in 1931, and Dr. Mats-
THE INFLUENCE OF HABITAT SUITABILITY, LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE, AND SEED DISPERSERS ON INVASION OF AN EXOTIC PLANT SPECIES, LONICERA MAACKII (RUPR) HERDER, AMUR HONEYSUCKLE

THE INFLUENCE OF HABITAT SUITABILITY, LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE, AND SEED DISPERSERS ON INVASION OF AN EXOTIC PLANT SPECIES, LONICERA MAACKII (RUPR) HERDER, AMUR HONEYSUCKLE by Anne M. Bartuszevige Although invasive plants are recognized as a major ecological problem, little is known of the relative importance of plant community characteristics versus landscape context in determining invasibility of communities. For animal-dispersed plants, invasion patterns may be influenced by landscape features that influence movement of seed dispersers. In this study, I investigated the relative importance of community and landscape features in the invasion of Lonicera maackii in woodlots in southwest Ohio. I also determined the bird species responsible for seed dispersal of this plant and the timing of fruit loss. I regressed Lonicera maackii presence and density separately against community and landscape characteristics quantified from 30 woodlots. Presence of L. maackii was significantly negatively associated with distance from the nearest town. Density of L. maackii was significantly positively related to amount of edge in the landscape and significantly negatively related to total tree basal area, number of native woody species, and sapling shade tolerance index. Analysis of seeds recovered from feces of birds mist-netted near fruiting L. maackii shrubs revealed four native and one exotic bird species dispersed viable L. maackii seeds. I performed feeding trials to determine the effect of gut passage on L. maackii seeds. Germination was inhibited by passage through Cedar Waxwings, but not through American Robins. Radiotracked American Robins moved mostly along woodlot edges and fencerows, leading me to project that most viable seeds would be defecated in such habitats. I used fruit traps to determine the timing of fruit loss (abscission + removal). Fruit loss from L. maackii shrubs was significantly related to winter temperature and precipitation. Fruit removal by frugivores was greater in cold temperatures and low precipitation. In general there was no effect of temperature and precipitation on fruit abscission. This study shows that L. maackii invades through expansion of multiple foci and is facilitated by bird dispersal. Through bird dispersal, L. maackii is able to navigate the landscape and invade new suitable habitats. The interaction of L. maackii and American Robins involves a positive feedback loop, in which seeds are defecated in highly suitable habitat where the birds also forage on L. maackii fruits. THE INFLUENCE OF HABITAT SUITABILITY, LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE, AND SEED DISPERSERS ON INVASION OF AN EXOTIC PLANT SPECIES, LONICERA MAACKII (RUPR) HERDER, AMUR HONEYSUCKLE
Movement Improves the Quality of Temporal Perception and Decision-Making

Abstract A critical aspect of behavior is that mobile organisms must be able to precisely determine where and when to move. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying precise movement timing and action planning is therefore crucial to understanding how we interact with the world around us. Recent evidence suggests that our experience of time is directly and intrinsically computed within the motor system, consistent with the theory of embodied cognition. To investigate the role of the motor system, we tested human subjects (n = 40) on a novel task combining reaching and time estimation. In this task, subjects were required to move a robotic manipulandum to one of two physical locations to categorize a concurrently timed suprasecond. Critically, subjects were divided into two groups: one in which movement during the interval was unrestricted and one in which they were restricted from moving until the stimulus interval had elapsed. Our results revealed a higher degree of precision for subjects in the free-moving group. A further experiment (n = 14) verified that these findings were not due to proximity to the target, counting strategies, bias, or movement length. A final experiment (n = 10) replicated these findings using a within-subjects design, performing a time reproduction task, in which movement during encoding of the interval led to more precise performance. Our findings suggest that time estimation may be instantiated within the motor system as an ongoing readout of timing judgment and confidence.
Phylogenetic analysis among Indian squill Urginea indica Kunth. Liliaceae

In the present study on Urginea indica, twelve different populations from southern part of India is considered. Fifteen parameters have been scored for each population to understand the relationship between different races. The main objective is to trace phylogeny in populations of U. indica to construct phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree obtained is an unrooted tree. The parsimony tree describes that Shimoga and Chamundi hill populations have parallely evolved and forms the out group. Dopaegowdanapura population has given rise to Gopalaswamy betta, Gopalaswamy betta has given rise to Banganavadi and Banganavadi has given rise to one population which is missing in the tree and the missing population has given rise to Gorur on one hand and to Krishna Raja Sagar island and Gandhi Krishi Vighnayana Kendra on the other hand. Krishna Raja Sagar island and Gandhi Krishi Vighnayana Kendra shares a common clade. Gorur has given rise to Papanasini and Papanasini has given rise to Channamallipura, from Channamallipura another population has been evolved which is missing and the missing population has given rise to Basavanahalli and Ranganthittu which shares a Common clade. The Parsimony tree shows that these populations have evolved parallel. Dopaegowdanapura is the oldest from which all others are evolved. Ranganathittu and Basavanahalli form the youngest and latest. Therefore it is an unrooted tree with distance. Each population varied in their morphology and chromosome number and called as cytotypes. Difference in morphological character is mainly because of genetic characters. Habitat does not seem to play major role to mould morphological features.
Effect of Wind on the Relation of Leaf N, P Stoichiometry with Leaf Morphology in Quercus Species

Leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry correlates closely to leaf morphology, which is strongly impacted by wind at multiple scales. However, it is not clear how leaf N, P stoichiometry and its relationship to leaf morphology changes with wind load. We determined the leaf N and P concentrations and leaf morphology—including specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dissection index (LDI)—for eight Quercus species under a simulated wind load for seven months. Leaf N and P concentrations increased significantly under these conditions for Quercus acutissima, Quercus rubra, Quercus texana, and Quercus palustris—which have elliptic leaves—due to their higher N, P requirements and a resultant leaf biomass decrease, which is a tolerance strategy for Quercus species under a wind load. Leaf N:P was relatively stable under wind for all species, which supports stoichiometric homeostasis. Leaf N concentrations showed a positive correlation to SLA, leaf N and P concentrations showed positive correlations to LDI under each wind treatment, and the slope of correlations was not affected by wind, which indicates synchronous variations between leaf stoichiometry and leaf morphology under wind. However, the intercept of correlations was affected by wind, and leaf N and P use efficiency decreased under the wind load, which suggests that the Quercus species changes from “fast investment-return” in the control to “slow investment-return” under windy conditions. These results will be valuable to understanding functional strategies for plants under varying wind loads, especially synchronous variations in leaf traits along a wind gradient.
Uniform Irradiation using Rotational-linear Scanning Method for Narrow Synchrotron Radiation Beam

At SPring-8, photon intensity monitors for synchrotron radiation have been developed. Using these monitors, the responses of radiation detectors and dosimeters to monoenergetic photons can be measured. In most cases, uniform irradiation to the sample is necessary. Here, two scanning methods are proposed. One is an XZ-linear scanning method, which moves the sample simultaneously in both the X and Z direction, that is, in zigzag fashion. The other is a rotational-linear scanning method, which rotates the sample moving in the X direction. To investigate the validity of the two methods, thermoluminescent dosimeters were irradiated with a broad synchrotron-radiation beam, and the readings from the two methods were compared with that of the dosimeters fixed in the beam The results for both scanning methods virtually agreed with that of the fixed method. The advantages of the rotational-linear scanning method are that low- and medium-dose irradiation is possible, uniformity is excellent and the load to the scanning equipment is light: hence, this method is superior to the XZ-linear scanning method for most applications.
Neural and biochemical networks : organization, development, and robustnes

In this work, I studied the organization, development and robustness of cortical, as well as other biological networks, using methods of network analysis. First, I examined the organization of neural systems and important constraints for shaping them. Area positions in the macaque cortical as well as the C. elegans neural networks could be rearranged so that total wiring length can be reduced by up to 64% of the original value. Although causing such non-optimal wiring, long-distance connections help to minimize the number of intermediate nodes, which leads to lower time delay, less interference, and higher synchrony in the network. Second, I observed growth of networks in space. I designed a developmental algorithm that takes into account distance between nodes and which yields networks that are alike various spatial networks from metabolic networks to the German highway system. Such spatial growth can generate networks that are comparable to cat and macaque cortical networks. In addition, the inclusion of time windows for development can lead to a defined cluster architecture. Finally, I analyzed the measurement of robustness in biological networks as well as possible underlying causes for high robustness towards unspecific removal of edges or nodes. The existence of clusters and of highly-connected nodes results in enhanced average-case robustness after removal of edges or nodes. Using multiple lesions, I found that in some cases the effect differed from the effect that was predicted from single lesions. Therefore, multiple lesion analysis could become a framework to predict or explain 'unexpected' effects of experimental lesions (or multiple gene knock-outs in metabolic systems).
Rapid and Accurate Large-Scale Coestimation of Sequence Alignments and Phylogenetic Trees

The future evolution of the transmissibility, antigenicity, virulence, and antiviral resistance profile of this or any influenza virus is difficult to predict. It is also unclear whether this strain will displace existing influenza A subtypes from the human population, as occurred in the past three pandemics. The extent to which seasonal dampingoftransmissioninNorthAmericaandEurope is responsible for the moderate transmissibility seentodateisuncertain;theprogressoftransmis
Spacing between Soybean Rows

The soybean crop has great economical importance in Brazil and in the world. In order to make the crop production profitable, several factors must be considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of spacing between soybean crop rows (Glycine max). The experiment was installed in the Mutuca farm (Arapoti—PR, southern Brazil), in the crop seasons of 2012/2013 (four seeding seasons) and 2013/2014 (two seeding seasons), in a completely randomized blocks design. We used four treatments and six replicates. The treatments were the spacing between rows as follow: 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 m. The variables evaluated were: initial and final plant population, plant height, number of internodes, viable internodes, pods per plant, grains per pod, mass of thousand grains and crop productivity. We concluded that the reduction of the spacing between rows significantly increased, in most part of the crop seasons, the number of pods per plants and the crop productivity.
Comparing Individual and Group-Negotiated Knowledge Structures in an Introductory Biology Course for Majors

Abstract One of the key agendas for the emerging field of disciplinary-based education research is the evaluation of the trajectory of disciplinary knowledge development from novice to expert. However, with the ongoing promotion of student-centered and collaborative undergraduate science classrooms, it is unknown how peer discourse during these exercises might influence (promote or hinder) student construction of expert knowledge. This study documented the knowledge structures of n = 13 undergraduate biology students in a first semester biology course for majors across four instructional units. Participants constructed both individual and group-negotiated concept maps and map complexity, propositional stream similarity, and propositional accuracy were used as measures of quality of knowledge structure. Results indicated that on individually-constructed maps, in general, students had moderate quality knowledge structures when compared to experts. Individual map complexity seemed to increase over time, but stream similarity and propositional accuracy were more dependent on content unit. Group-constructed maps were consistently more accurate than individually-constructed maps. Results are discussed in the context of the use of collaborative concept mapping as a means to develop disciplinary expertise in biology.
Elevated serum ubiquitin-proteasome pathway related molecule levels in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract Introductıon We aimed to determine the serum levels of transactive response of DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), which are ubiquitin-proteasome pathway related molecules and have not been investigated so far, in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods The study group was composed of thirty children aged between 6 and 10. They were diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria. They were the subjects who applied to Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Child Psychiatry in Diyarbakır, Turkey. Children with ADHD were assessed via Turgay DSM-IV Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale and Stroop test. Serum TDP-43 and UCH-L1 levels were analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The TDP-43 and UCH-L1 serum levels of children with ADHD were found to be statistically significantly higher than those of controls. On the other hand, we found that serum levels of TDP-43 correlated with interference effect and hyperactivity–impulsivity in children with ADHD. Conclusıon Imbalances in serum UCH-L1 and TDP-43 levels, and the correlation of TDP-43 levels with clinical parameters in children with ADHD may suggest that ubiquitin-proteasome pathway alterations are associated with ADHD. Deterioration of this pathway may cause intracellular TDP-43 aggregation.
Improved Method on the Discrete Logarithm Problem in an Interval

The discrete logarithm problem in an interval of size N in a group G is:Given g,h∈G and an interval N to find an integer n(0≤n≤N),if it exists,so that h=g~n holds.Many methods have been designed to solve this problem which of the most common one being the improved method of the Pollard's kangaroos method.The improved method is mainly to optimize the algorithm by reducing the number of jumps which always need a complete large multiplication.Previously the best low-storage algorithm to solve this problem was the Van Oorschot and Wiener version of the Pollard's kangaroos method.The heuristic average case running time of this method is(2+0(1))√(N) group operations.We present a new method for the problem which is based on the Pollard's kangaroos method.The new method improved the efficiency of the method by reducing the time cost of each jump with many small integer multiplications instead of a complete large integer multiplication.Further,we increase the number of kangaroos to make our method more effective in two aspects which are the number of jumps and the time cost of each jump.The new method gave a more effective method to solve the discrete logarithm problem in an interval.
The role of tetraspanins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence to human cells

Infection of host tissue is commonly initiated by adherence of pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to cell surface membrane proteins, sugars or lipids. One class of proteins known to play a major role in cellular processes, such as adhesion are tetraspanins, specifically CD9, CD81 and CD151. Prevention of adhesion could provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating infectious diseases. This work aims to investigate the potential of using recombinant tetraspanin extracellular domains (EC2), anti-tetraspanin antibodies and CD9 EC2-derived peptides as anti-adhesives in treating P. aeruginosa infections. Also, to create a new higher throughput method to measure bacterial adhesion using flow cytometry. Expression profiles of different tetraspanins in human epithelial cell lines, A549, HEC1B and keratinocyte HaCaT cells were visualised using immunofluorescent microscopy and quantified using flow cytometry. Monolayers of adherent cells were pre-treated with the tetraspanin reagents (EC2: GST recombinant proteins, anti-tetraspanin antibodies and CD9 EC2-derived peptides), before infection with GFP-labelled P. aeruginosa (PAO1) for 60 minutes. Bacterial adhesion was determined by counting the number of bacteria per infected cells with fluorescence microscopy. Analysis revealed the anti-adhesive properties of these tetraspanins (anti-tetraspanin antibodies and recombinant proteins). In conclusion, a flow cytometry method was developed but was found to be too un sensitive to measure changes in bacterial adhesion. Moreover, anti-tetraspanin antibodies, recombinant proteins and CD9 EC2- derived peptides may have the potential to inhibit adherence of P. aeruginosa. This work has identified a role for tetraspanins in bacteria-host cell adhesion, and the possible use of tetraspanin reagents as therapeutics for treating P. aeruginosa infection.