Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF AN HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GLYCEROL OXIDATION PRODUCTS

An HPLC method for the separation of glycerol oxidation products, namely glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, mesoxalic, tartronic, and glycolic and glyceric acids on an ion-exchange 8% cross-linked calcium sulfonated divinylbenzene-styrene resin column was developed and validated. The conditions reported include temperature (70°C), flow rate (0.5 mL/min) and concentration of the mobile phase (3 mM H2SO4) using isocratic elution with ultraviolet and refractometric detectors. The effect of the mobile phase flow rate and concentration as well as column temperature on the resolution of peaks is described. Excellent correlation coefficient in the calibration model was observed for all analytes over the concentration range of 0.5 to 10 mg/mL. The method was also validated in terms of intra-day precision, sensitivity, accuracy, and detection and quantification limits. The method conditions were applied to the identification of products derived from the chemical oxidation of glycerol. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies to view the supplemental file.
The 1982–1983 El Niño: a 6 billion ton CO2 release

The atmospheric CO 2 concentration at Amsterdam Island showed important variations of the increase rate during the 1982-1983 El Nino. After elimination of the weak local and regional interferences, the main feature of the CO 2 record is a slower than normal increase rate at the beginning and at the end of this El Nino, i.e., from April to December 1982, and from July 1983 to April 1984. and higher than usual from December 1982 to July 1983. In the whole, the CO 2 increase curve is shifted upwards by 1 ppm, which corresponds to a supplementary input into the atmosphere of about 6 billion tons of CO 2 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1987. tb00283.x
Highly Stretchable, Global, and Distributed Local Strain Sensing Line Using GaInSn Electrodes for Wearable Electronics

For identifying human or finger movement, it is necessary to sense subtle movements at multiple points, including the local strain and global deformation simultaneously; however, this has not yet been realized. Therefore, a highly stretchable, global, and distributed local strain sensing electrode made of GaInSn and polydimethylsiloxane is developed for wearable devices. To investigate the electrical properties of multiple sections of the GaInSn electrode when stretching, tensile, cyclic, and three‐point‐bending tests are performed. The results demonstrate that the electrode can withstand a strain up to 50% and has little hysteresis without any delay. Moreover, the distributed local strain and global strain can be simultaneously measured using just a single electrode line. Finally, a prototype of a data glove as an application of the strain sensing line is manufactured, and it is demonstrated that the folding state of fingers could be identified. The proposed technology may allow the creation of a lightweight master hand manipulator or 3D data entry device.
Classification of 12-lead ECGs Using Digital Biomarkers and Representation Learning

Background: The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a standard tool used in medical practice for identifying cardiac abnormalities. The 2020 PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge addresses the topic of automated classification of 12-lead ECG. Methods: Two machine learning strategies were implemented: a feature engineering approach based on the engineering of physiological features (or “digital biomarkers”) and a deep learning approach. Two sets of features were engineered: (1) capturing the interval variation between consecutive heartbeats, commonly called heart rate variability (HRV) measures and (2) using morphological biomarkers (e.g. QT interval, QRS width). A total of 16 HRV and 97 morphological biomarkers were implemented in python for each lead. A random forest (RF) model was trained using 5-fold cross validation to optimize the model hyperparameters. For the deep learning approach, a residual neural network (ResNet) architecture was used. The RF and ResNet were also combined in an ensemble learning (EL). The dataset was divided into 80%-20% stratified training-test sets. Results: on the local test set we achieved a Challenge score of 0.65 using the FE approach, 0.52 using the DL approach and 0.66 using the EL approach. For technical reasons we did not manage to score our models on the Challenge hidden test set.
BACOSIDE RICH EXTRACT LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently one of the biggest healthcare concerns especially in the developed countries. The available treatment strategies fail to impart any significant impact since the drug doesn’t reach in required amount to central nervous system (CNS) owing to presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). The present study includes extraction of bacoside rich extract from a well-known nootropic herb, Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi), and its loading to solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Solid lipid nanoparticles are well known for their BBB permeability and controlled drug release characteristics. For preparation of SLNs, glyceryl monostearate (GMS) was used. The extract was characterized for various parameters like melting point. UV-spectroscopy and Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy. SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization followed by sonication method. The drug loaded SLNs were characterized for their particle size, zeta potential and poly dispersity index (PDI) initially to select the best formulation which was further characterize for drug entrapment efficiency, morphological study using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in vitro drug release profile. Further, the mechanism of drug release was found out by applying various kinetic models and the formulation was evaluated for its storage stability profile. The formulation was found to possess nanometric size and was able to control the release of drug up to 24 hrs. It followed Hixson-Crowell release kinetics and was able to sustain its integrity at refrigerated conditions when exposed to 3 months of study. The developed formulation was proved to be effective in vitro and asks for evaluation of in vivo performance evaluation to establish its true potential.
Constructing Realistic Canine Bilayer Biatrial Mesh for Atria Fibrillation Simulations

Understanding the mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (AF) is essential for improving the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients. A deeper understanding requires a full appreciation and consideration of the geometry of the atria. Here, we propose the first anatomically accurate high-resolution canine atrial computational bilayer model for AF studies. CT-scan imaging data were segmented and used to distinctly reconstruct 3 main layers representing Bachmann’s bundle (BB), the left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) with coronary sinus (CS). The LA is dilated to obtain the second layer. The RA endocardial layer consists of the sinus node (SAN), the pectinate muscles (PM) and the crista terminalis (CT). All these parts were combined together and the Ramirez-NattelCourtemanche canine cell model was used to simulate electrical activity. Activation time (AT) and action potential duration (APD) were computed. The obtained bilayer mesh has high resolution. The action potential propagation from the SAN was realistic and its path on the real long CS presumes an important role of the CS on the initiation and maintenance of rotors during AF, in agreement with clinical studies. The propagation time from SAN to PVs was ∼ 119 ms and the APD90 was heterogeneous in the model. This new bilayer model with realistic CS and BB, combined with experimental approaches, will help to better understand AF and its underlying mechanisms, in order to develop better diagnostic and therapeutic options.
Pressure Dependence of the Dynamic Crossover Temperatures in Protein and its Hydration Water

Recently we have shown experimental evidence for a fragile-to-strong dynamic crossover (FSC) phenomenon in hydration water around a globular protein (lysozyme) at ambient pressure. In this letter we show that when applying pressure to the protein-water system, the FSC crossover temperatures in hydration water of lysozyme tracks the similar Widom line emanating from the existence of a liquid-liquid critical point in a 1-D confined water (in MCM-41-S). The mean squared displacements (MSD) of hydrogen atoms in lysozyme and in its hydration water show a sudden change of slopes at the same characteristic temperature, which decreases with an increasing pressure. These results taken together give support of the idea that the dynamic crossover (or so-called glass transition) of the protein is a function of both temperature and pressure, following the FSC of its hydration water.
On the Statistical Calibration of Physical Models: STATISTICAL CALIBRATION OF PHYSICAL MODELS

We introduce a novel statistical calibration framework for physical models, relying on probabilistic embedding of model discrepancy error within the model. For clarity of illustration, we take the measurement errors out of consideration, calibrating a chemical model of interest with respect to a more detailed model, considered as “truth” for the present purpose. We employ Bayesian statistical methods for such model-to-model calibration and demonstrate their capabilities on simple synthetic models, leading to a well-defined parameter estimation problem that employs approximate Bayesian computation. The method is then demonstrated on two case studies for calibration of kinetic rate parameters for methane air chemistry, where ignition time information from a detailed elementary-step kinetic model is used to estimate rate coefficients of a simple chemical mechanism. We show that the calibrated model predictions fit the data and that uncertainty in these predictions is consistent in a mean-square sense with the discrepancy from the detailed model data.
Cyberbullying Social Role Detection on Instagram

Cyberbullying is a major issue on online social platforms and have prolonged negative psychological impacts on both the bullies and their targets. Users can be characterized by their involvements in cyberbullying by different social roles including victim, bully, and victim supporter. In this work, we propose a social role detection framework to understand cyberbullying on Instagram and select a dataset that contains users’ records on In-stagram as a case study. We reﬁne the traditional victim-bully framework by constructing a victim-bully-supporter network on In-stagram. These social roles are automatically identiﬁed via network structures and linguistic properties.
Exemplar Sampling

An exemplar sample is a small subset of a dataset that forms a characterization of the dataset and can also be used as a list of targets for further inspection. Traditionally exemplars are encountered in cluster analysis techniques such as k-medoids, where each exemplar represents a different cluster. This article extends the concept of exemplar sampling by constructing four criteria for choosing a sample: similarity, distinctness, exhaustiveness, and typicalness. Each criterion illustrates a different way of characterizing the dataset. We describe an adapted version of the CLARANS algorithm which can be used to efficiently draw exemplar samples, and show some examples on test datasets. Exemplar sampling is proposed for use in finite population inference, as an alternative to methods such as stratification or balancing.
SOFC Anodes Based on Infiltration of La0.3Sr0.7TiO3

Composites formed by infiltration of 45 wt % La0.3Sr0. 7TiO3 LST into 65% porous yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ were examined for application as solid oxide fuel cell SOFC anodes. Although LST does not react with YSZ, the structure of the LST deposits was strongly affected by the calcination temperature. At 1373 K, the LST formed loosely packed, 0.1 m particles that filled the YSZ pores. The conductivity of this composite depended strongly on the pretreatment conditions but was greater than 0.4 S/cm after heating to 1173 K in humidified 3% H2O H2. Following calcination at 1573 K, the LST had sintered significantly, decreasing the conductivity of the composite by a factor of approximately 5. The addition of a catalyst was critical for achieving reasonable electrochemical performance, with the addition of 0.5 wt % Pd and 5 wt % ceria increasing the power density of otherwise identical cells from less than 20 to 780 mW/cm2 for operation in humidified 3% H2O H2 at 1073 K. Electrodes prepared from LST deposits calcined at 1373 K were found to exhibit a much better performance than those prepared from LST deposits calcined at 1573 K, demonstrating that the structure of the composite is critical for achieving high performance.
Raman spectroscopic characterization of urine of normal and oral cancer subjects

Urine is considered as one of the diagnostically important bio fluids, as it has many metabolites. The distribution and the physiochemical properties of the metabolites may vary during any altered metabolic and pathological conditions. Raman spectroscopy was employed in the characterization of the metabolites of human urine of normal subjects and oral cancer patients in the finger print region (500–1800 cm−1). Principal component analysis-based linear discriminant analysis was performed to discriminate cancer patients from normal subjects. The discriminant analysis classifies the cancer patients from normal subjects with a sensitivity and specificity of 98.6% and 87.1%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 93.7%. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors Affecting the Dissolution of Ketoprofen from Solid Dispersions in Various Water-soluble Polymers

Dissolution profiles of ketoprofen (KPF) from solid dispersions in water-soluble polymers were investigated by the rotating disk method, and great differences in dissolution behavior were observed among different kinds of polymers. Therefore, the physicochemical nature of the polymers might play a predominant role in the dissolution of KPF from these solid dispersions. The quantitative relationship of dissolution behavior with several properties of the polymers depended on a combination of such factors as the water penetration of the compressed disk surface, pH of polymer solution and the apparent dissolution rate of polymers.
Highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and Rhodamine B by hierarchical BiOBr microspheres

Hierarchical BiOBr microspheres were successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method by using the diethylene glycol(DEG) as the solvent and soft‐template. The as‐obtained products were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), N2 adsorption–desorption and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS) techniques. The formation mechanism for the growth of hierarchical BiOBr microspheres has been studied. The possible mechanism of photocatalysis has been discussed. Remarkably, the as‐prepared BiOBr microspheres has a large specific surface area, which can reach a maximum surface area of 55.9307 m2/g. In addition, the superior enhanced photocatalytic activities of BiOBr microspheres were evaluated by the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) and Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible‐light illumination, which presented the efficiency up to 98.10% just within 50 min and 98.64% within 30 min, respectively. BiOBr microspheres can be a promising candidate as highly efficient photocatalyst for decompositing of organic contaminants for environmental remediation.
Effective bulk doping concentration of diffused and undiffused silicon wafers obtained from combined photoconductance and photoluminescence measurements

The effective doping concentration of the bulk of a silicon wafer is an important material parameter for photovoltaic applications. The techniques commonly used to measure the effective doping concentration are based on conductance or resistivity measurements and include both contacted methods, such as the four‐point probe, and contactless approaches, such as eddy current measurements. Applying these techniques to diffused wafers is complicated by the fact that the total conductance is the sum of the bulk conductance and the diffused layer conductance. Without further information about the emitter properties, a clear separation of these two parameters is not possible. This paper demonstrates a contactless method for specifically measuring the effective doping concentration of the bulk without significant influence from diffused layers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a dynamic still for measuring low pressure vapour-liquid-liquid equilibria : systems of partial liquid miscibility.

The dynamic still originally designed by Raal (Raal and Muhlbauer [1998]) has been transformed into a valuable still that can now be used for measuring both low pressure vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE) for systems that are completely miscible and vapour-liquid-liquid equilibria (VLLE) for systems that are partially miscible. The resultant equilibrium data are important in the design and analysis of distillation and allied separation process equipment, with VLLE data, in particular, being useful in the design of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation columns. The original Raal still was based on the designs of Heertjies [1960] and Yerazunis [1964], who successfully used a packed equilibrium chamber where the liquid and vapour phases are forced downward co-currently to achieve rapid and dynamic equilibrium (Joseph et al [2001]). Direct analysis of the vapour composition prior to condensation through a new heated valving system with superheated sample conveyance to a gas chromatograph, a modification incorporated into the Raal still, ensured that accurate and reproducible equilibrium data were obtained. This new arrangement dispenses with the impossible task of getting the actual vapour composition that would result were the vapours allowed to condense and form two liquid phases. The initial testing of the still which established the operating procedures was conducted on two previously measured systems the first which was homogeneous and the second heterogeneous. For the homogeneous system the new vapour sampling system was tested by comparing the measured composition to that of a condensed sample sent manually to the GC using a gas-tight syringe. In order to completely describe the VLLE for the systems studied, the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for these systems were also measured. The LLE measurements were conducted in a newly-developed small jacketed glass cell with temperatures maintained constant by circulating water from a bath maintained at the desired temperatures. The main focus of this project was thus the development of an apparatus and procedures for measuring low pressure vapour-liquid-liquid equilibria. The project also went on to measuring and modeling VLE, VLLE and LLE data for selected binary and ternary systems. Both the Gamma-Phi and the Phi-Phi methods of VLE analysis were carried out on the measured data. The NRTL, Wilson, TK-Wi1son and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models were used in the GammaPhi method together with the Virial equation of state for vapour phase non-idealities. In the Phi-Phi method, The Peng and Robinson Equation of State (EOS), the Soave Redlich-Kwong EOS and the Stryjek and Vera modified Peng and Robinson EOS were all used, first with the classical mixing rules and then with the theoretically correct Wong and Sandler [1992] mixing rules. Ternary LLE binodal curves were correlated to the Hlavaty correlation, the beta function and the log gamma function while the corresponding tie-lines were fitted to the NRTL model.
Circular Dichroism and Linear Dichroism

turaufklárung von Substanzen oder Gemischen mit einer midieren Molmasse verbunden, die sich in fliissiger Lösung untersuchen lassen. Diesem noch immer in rascher Fortentwicklung befindlichen Anwendungsgebiet der NMR-Spektroskopie ist die vorliegende Monographie gewidmet. Die drei namhaften ungarischen Herausgeber haben 28 international renomierte Wissenschaftler als Autoren fur 16 Kapitel mit Übersichtsbzw. Fortschrittscharakter gewinnen können. Ein Autor ist sogar an drei Aufsátzen (G. A. Morris) und ein weiterer an zwei Kapiteln (D. Canet) beteiligt. Wenn man sich fragt, für welche Leser das Buch gedacht ist, kann die Antwort ganz leicht gefunden werden. Wer die Akronyme
OP-MOLB200119 2825..2837

Chromosomal evolution is widely considered to be an important driver of speciation, as karyotypic reorganization can bring about the establishment of reproductive barriers between incipient species. One textbook example for genetic mechanisms of speciation are large-scale chromosomal rearrangements such as Robertsonian (Rb) fusions, a common class of structural variants that can drastically change the recombination landscape by suppressing crossing-over and influence gene expression by altering regulatory networks. Here, we explore the population structure and demographic patterns of a well-known house mouse Rb system in the Aeolian archipelago in Southern Italy using genome-wide data. By analyzing chromosomal regions characterized by different levels of recombination, we trace the evolutionary history of a set of Rb chromosomes occurring in different geographical locations and test whether chromosomal fusions have a single shared origin or occurred multiple times. Using a combination of phylogenetic and population genetic approaches, we find support for multiple, independent origins of three focal Rb chromosomes. The elucidation of the demographic patterns of the mouse populations within the Aeolian archipelago shows that an interplay between fixation of newly formed Rb chromosomes and hybridization events has contributed to shaping their current karyotypic distribution. Overall, our results illustrate that chromosome structure is much more dynamic than anticipated and emphasize the importance of large-scale chromosomal translocations in speciation.