Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulating anisotropic flows with isotropic lattice models via coordinate and velocity transformation

We propose a rectangular lattice Boltzmann model for anisotropic flows based on coordinate and velocity transformation. Unlike other existing rectangular models which tuned the lattice Boltzmann algorithm to fit the rectangular or cuboid lattice grids, here we apply the general lattice Boltzmann method to solve the transformed system over regular square lattice grids. The method is tested with simulations of representative anisotropic flows, including flows in narrow straight and wavy channels, the Taylor–Green vortex flow, and the flow through an elliptical particle array. These simulations show that in general our method produces satisfactory results; however, the aspect ratio [Formula: see text] is limited to relatively large values ([Formula: see text]). The effects of [Formula: see text] on simulation accuracy and stability have been carefully examined, and a possible remedy to improve these concerns has been proposed. The method and analysis could be useful for future development of more robust and practical anisotropic lattice Boltzmann models for realistic simulations.
The nutritive value of hulled and hulless barley for growing pigs. 2. Determination of in vivo and in vitro energy and in vivo ileal amino acid digestibility

An experiment was conducted to determine the apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in hulled and hulless barley, in addition to energy digestibility which was also determined with the in vitro method. Seven barrows, fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, were fed seven diets (180 g CP kg-1) according to a 7 × 7 Latin square design. The basal diet consisted of maize starch and soyabean meal (SBM). The other diets (diets A to F) contained both SBM and barley. Diet A: hulled barley, c.v. Harrington I. Diet B: hulled barley, c.v. Harrington II. Diet C: hulless barley, c.v. CDC Buck I. Diet D: hulless barley, c.v. CDC Buck II. Denotations I and II are given to indicate two different origins of Harrington and CDC Buck. Diet E: mixture of c.v. Harrington I and c.v. CDC Buck I (50:50 wt/wt). Diet F: mixture of c.v. Harrington II and c.v. CDC Buck II (50:50 wt/wt). The mixtures were created to establish linear regression equations between the in vivo and in vitro energy digestibility values. Chromic oxide was used as the digestibility marker. The barrows were fed twice daily, at 08.00 and 20.00 h. Each experimental period comprised 10 days. Faeces were collected from 08.00 on d 6 to 08.00 on d 8. Ileal digesta were collected from 08.00 on d 8 until 08.00 on d 10. The initial and final average body weights of the barrows were 35 and 90 kg, respectively. The amino acid and energy digestibility values were determined with the difference method. The apparent ileal * Supported by the Alberta Barley Commission and the Alberta Agricultural Research Institute 3 Corresponding author: e-mail: willem.sauer@ualberta.ca 772 HULLESS BARLEY DIGESTIBILITY IN VIVO AND IN VITRO IN PIGS 773 HUANG G. ET AL. amino acid digestibility values were lower (P < 0.05) in hulless than in hulled barley. The digestibilities of lysine and threonine (firstand second-limiting amino acid in barley) ranged from 58.2 to 59.4% and from 53.7 to 55.6%, respectively, in hulless barley and from 62.6 to 69.7% and from 57.4 to 59.6%, respectively, in hulled barley. The energy digestibility values ranged from 86.4 to 87.6% in hulless barley and from 79.9 to 81.1% in hulled barley. There was a close correlation (r2 = 0.88) between the in vivo and in vitro energy digestibility values.
Bovine μ-calpain (CAPN1) gene polymorphisms in Brangus and Brahman bulls

The bovine CAPN1 gene encodes the large subunit of μ-calpain, which is thought to be one of the most important enzymes involved in postmortem beef tenderization. Three SNPs in CAPN1 (SNP 316, SNP 530 and SNP 4751) have been associated with beef tenderness in different beef cattle breeds. The objective of this work was to implement genotyping strategies for CAPN1 markers as part of a project pursuing the identifi cation and validation of molecular markers associated with bovine meat quality and composition. Three PCR-RFLP methods were designed to determine genotypes of 64 bulls (11 Angus, 43 Brangus and 10 Brahman). Unexpected patterns resulting from the PCR-RFLP analysis at SNP 316 and SNP 530 were resolved by cloning and sequencing and lead to the discovery of three substitutions not previously described. These mutations could be useful in population studies, such as the determination of the relative contribution of the Angus and Brahman breeds to the Brangus.
Causality between GDP, Energy and Coal Consumption in India, 1970-2011: A Non-parametric Bootstrap Approach

The aim of this paper is to examine the direction of causality between real GDP on the one hand and final energy and coal consumption on the other in India, for the period from 1970 to 2011. The methodology adopted is the non-parametric bootstrap procedure, which is used to construct the critical values for the hypothesis of causality. The results of the bootstrap tests show that for total energy consumption, there exists no causal relationship in either direction with GDP of India. However, if coal consumption is considered, we find evidence in support of unidirectional causality running from coal consumption to GDP. This clearly has important implications for the Indian economy. The most important implication is that curbing coal consumption in order to reduce carbon emissions would in turn have a limiting effect on economic growth. Our analysis contributes to the literature in three distinct ways. First, this is the first paper to use the bootstrap method to examine the growth-energy connection for the Indian economy. Second, we analyze data for the time period 1970 to 2011, thereby utilizing recently available data that has not been used by others. Finally, in contrast to the recently done studies, we adopt a disaggregated approach for the analysis of the growth-energy nexus by considering not only aggregate energy consumption, but coal consumption as well.
Fossil record and high-resolution tephrostratigraphy of Carboniferous glaciomarine mudstones, Dwyka Group, southern Namibia

The Carboniferous Dwyka Group in southern Namibia can be subdivided into four upward-fining deglaciation sequences, each capped by relatively fine-grained glaciolacustrine or glaciomarine deposits. The uppermost part of the second deglaciation sequence comprises a thick fossiliferous mudstone unit, referred to as the ”Ganigobis Shale Member”. An abundance of marine macro- and ichnofossils as well as extrabasinally derived ashfall tuff horizons characterise the mudstones and provide the basis for an integrated high-resolution biostratigraphic and tephrostratigraphic framework. The marine body and trace fossils record the extent of the first of a series of marine incursions into the disintegrating Gondwanan interior as early as the Carboniferous. Juvenile magmatic zircons separated from tuff horizons interbedded with the Ganigobis Shale Member yield SHRIMP-ages of 300-302 Ma. This dates the uppermost part of the second deglaciation sequence in southern Namibia to the late Carboniferous (Gzelian) and provides a minimum age for the onset of Karoo-equivalent marine deposition prior to the much more widespread Eurydesma transgression.
Molecular Modeling and Computer Simulation involving the Encapsulation of β-carot ene in Boron Nitride Nanotubes

Introduction The possibility of applying functionalized nanotubes with β-carotene in the form of nanocrystalline dyes in photovoltaic-type cells (DSSC) is the motivating element of this work. It is now known that the addition of nanocrystalline organic dyes possibly increases the efficiency of these electronic devices in converting solar energy into electrical energy. Vale, in due course, quotes the recent work of Grätzel at al 7, 8, 9 on this subject. On the one instance, we have the β-carotene (BC), an orange pigment that has molecular formula C40H56. It is a natural dye that shows the photoluminescence phenomenon, a property proven by spectroscopy. On the other instance we pointed out the boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). These nanostructures have been theoreticallypredicted shortly after the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by Rubio et al in 1994, and were experimentally manufacturedby Chopra et al, 19955. All BNNTs are broadband semiconductors with gaps of approximately 5.5 ev2, 3, 4. Their high ionicity and high energy gap givetheirelectronic propertiesgreater uniformity and explain the use of thesematerials in the electronics field. In addition, BNNTs stand out for their chemical inertness and high thermal stability, potentially interesting properties for applications in thebiomedicine field and theengineering of biomaterials 3. Unfortunately, it is noted that the applications of this and ofother boron nitride materials in biological domainsremain largely unexplored 6. Artigo Geral 75
Collaborative Livelihood Strategy: A Reflection of Social Network in Economic Activity (Case Study in Small Islands, Maluku Province, Indonesian)

Research was aimed to analyze the existence of household livelihood strategy and to identify agreements constituting livelihood strategy adopted by households in small island community. Data were collected from questionnaire given to 200 respondents who lived in five small islands, such as Ambon Island, Saparua Island, Gorom Island, Selaru Island, and Kisar Island. Respondents were selected with simple random sampling. Depth interview was also conducted with key informant in each island to verify questionnaire data. Some findings were then obtained. It was found that 83.5% respondents have built social network based on kinship, while 38.5% created network based on friendship and 48% was based on neighborhood. Agreement in network may take few forms such as borrow-lend activity (63%), output marketing (59.5%), and using farming output as collateral (42%). Therefore, it was concluded that kinship is the most influential base underlying the economic activity of community in small islands.
Is breathing sensitive to the communication partner

This paper investigates breathing profiles in eleven female speakers (subjects) when talking successively with the same two females (partners). Breathing kinematics of the two inter-locutors was recorded synchronously by means of two Induct-ance Plethysmographs. In order to understand the implication of breathing in dialogue, we analyzed changes in breathing pauses according to the main dialogue events (listening, back-channels, turns start and turns continuation). Breathing and syllable rates were also compared among partners and sub-jects. The duration of inhalations and related pauses was re-duced before a turn continuation in comparison to a turn start. The delay between speech offset in a breathing cycle and the onset of the next inhalation increased when a speaker and a listener swap roles as compared to a speaker who continued the turn. This was observed for both partners and subjects. The partners differed in their breathing and articulation rates but the two rates were not clearly correlated. In agreement with previous works, the current study shows that breathing kine-matics is strongly linked to dialogue events. However, it doesn't show any clear effect of partner on speaker's breath-ing. This last result is discussed relative to methodological as-pects.
Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Muscle Soreness and Inflammation During Recovery From Strenuous Exercise

Although parties or get-togethers with alcoholic beverages after sporting competitions are popular, studies on the effects of alcohol ingestion after strenuous exercise on muscle damage and inflammation in non-drinkers’ are few and ambiguous. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol ingestion during recovery from an acute bout of exercise on muscle soreness and inflammatory markers in regular exercisers who do not regularly consume alcohol. Male participants (n = 15) completed two bouts of exercise on a rowing ergometer for 2000 m in a randomized fashion. All participants ingested 5 mL of alcoholic (AL) or placebo (PL) beverage per kg of body weight within 10 min post-exercise. Blood samples for blood alcohol, creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were collected pre-exercise (T0), and at 1 (T1), 3 (T2), and 24 h (T3) post-ingestion. Self-reported muscle soreness was assessed at the same time points. Lactate levels were measured before exercise and within 1 h post-exercise. Muscle soreness was significantly lower in the AL than the PL trials at T3 ( p < 0.05). Although CK, IL-6 and CRP levels were significantly higher during recovery than before exercising, there was no significant difference between the AL and PL trials. In addition, no significant difference in lactate concentrations between the two trials was evident in the 1 h after exercise. For regular exercisers, the alcoholic beverage ingested did not increase CK, IL-6, or CRP compared to their placebo trial, despite attenuated muscle soreness. Comparisons between drinkers and non-drinkers of high fitness ingesting permissible alcohol doses should be performed in the future. Keywords: alcohol, inflammation, strenuous exercise, muscle damage
What proportion of riverine nutrients reaches the open ocean?

Globally, rivers deliver significant quantities of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the coastal ocean each year. Currently, there are no viable estimates of how much of this N and P escapes biogeochemical processing on the shelf to be exported to the open ocean; most models of N and P cycling assume that either all or none of the riverine nutrients reach the open ocean. We address this problem by using a simple mechanistic model of how a low‐salinity plume behaves outside an estuary mouth. The model results in a global map of riverine water residence times on the shelf, typically a few weeks at low latitudes and up to a year at higher latitudes, which agrees well with observations. We combine the map of plume residence times on the shelf with empirical relationships that link residence time to the proportions of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) and P (DIP) exported and use a database of riverine nutrient loads to estimate the global distribution of riverine DIN and DIP supplied to the open ocean. We estimate that 75% of DIN and 80% of DIP reaches the open ocean. Ignoring processing within estuaries yields annual totals of 17 Tg DIN and 1.2 Tg DIP reaching the open ocean. For DIN this supply is about 50% of that supplied via atmospheric deposition, with significant east‐west contrasts across the main ocean basins. The main sources of uncertainty are exchange rates across the shelf break and the empirical relationships between nutrient processing and plume residence time.
Characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from the laboratory rearing of the beet armyworm Spodoptera Exigua (HBN.) in Poland

A nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Polish laboratory culture), SeMNPV (P), morphologically similar to the viral bioinsecticide virus Spod-XR, was characterized molecularly and biologically. Phylogenetic analysis based on three conserved baculovirus genes, polh, lef-8 and pif-2, showed the highest homology of SeMNPV (P) to Mamestra brassicae (Mb) MNPV and M. configurata (Maco) MNPV, and much less to SeMNPV (Spod-XR). These findings were confirmed by genomic DNA restriction profile analyses. Bioassays revealed that SeMNPV isolated from the commercial bioinsecticide Spod-XR was themost infectious for S. exigua, while the infectivity of SeMNPV (P) and MbMNPV was significantly lower. These data suggest that SeMNPV (P) is a variant of MbMNPV.
Switching current distributions and macroscopic quantum tunneling in over-doped BSCCO mesas with nanometer thickness

The current–voltage characteristics and switching dynamics are studied in over-doped (Pb,Bi)2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (PbBi2212) and Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ (Bi2223) mesa structures containing a few atomic-scale intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJ) along the c axis. The cleave-in-vacuum method enables us to avoid the contact problems that are always accompanied by mesa structures. The highest critical current density of the zero-voltage state as Jc1 = 3.2 kA cm−2 among our micron-scale mesa structures of BSCCO cuprates are achieved. Narrowing of the switching probability distribution (SPD) due to suppression of the thermal fluctuation tends to saturate at 5 K, which is regarded as a symptom of macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT). The crossover temperature between the MQT and the thermal escape regions is estimated as 2.2 K for the sample with the highest Jc1. In the high temperature region, another narrowing in SPD is observed that was attributed to the phase retrapping.
Understanding best practice in engineering education using the concept of pedagogical content knowledge

The concept of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is used in educational research to explore the complexities of effective teaching practice. PCK is the 'nowledge-in-action' and 'knowledge-of-action' (Park & Oliver, 2008) which allows teachers to make decisions about what to do in order to teach well. It is a type of expertise that is specific to the discipline in which it is applied, but is distinct from either disciplinary content knowledge, or general knowledge of pedagogy. The nature of PCK is yet to be researched specifically for the engineering discipline. To date, in the disciplines for which PCK constructs have been defined (for example, in History, Science or Literature), there is a close similarity between how the discipline is studied and how it is practiced. In engineering, the study of the discipline and the practice of it are very different, raising questions about how the make-up of engineering PCK accounts for the nature of the discipline, and how it reflects the nature of best practice in engineering teaching.
PARTIAL SELECTIVE REDUCED INTEGRATION SCHEMES AND KINEMATICALLY LINKED INTERPOLATIONS FOR PLATE BENDING PROBLEMS

Some finite elements for the approximation to the solution of the Reissner–Mindlin plate problem are presented. All of them take advantage of a stabilization technique recently proposed by Arnold and Brezzi. Moreover, a kinematically linked interpolation approach has been used to improve the convergence features. A general theoretical analysis of stability and convergence is also provided, together with extensive numerical tests.
Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Syngas by Thermal Plasma

Experiments were conducted on syngas preparation from dry reforming of methane by carbon dioxide with a DC arc plasma at atmospheric pressure. In all experiments, nitrogen gas was used as the working gas for thermal plasma to generate a high-temperature jet into a horizontal tube reactor. A mixture of methane and carbon dioxide was fed vertically into the jet. In order to obtain a higher conversion rate of methane and carbon dioxide, chemical energy efficiency and fuel production efficiency, parametric screening studies were conducted, in which the volume ratio of carbon dioxide to methane in fed gases and the total flux of fed gases were taken into account. Results showed that carbon dioxide reforming of methane to syngas by thermal plasma exhibited a larger processing capacity, higher conversion of methane and carbon dioxide and higher chemical energy efficiency and fuel production efficiency. In addition, thermodynamic simulation for the reforming process was conducted. Experimental data agreed well with the thermodynamic results, indicating that high thermal efficiency can be achieved with the thermal plasma reforming process.
Mobile Cloud for Parallel and Distributed Green Computing

Mobile Computing and Mobile Cloud Computing are the areas where intensive research is observed. The “mobility” landscape (devices, technologies, apps, etc.) evolves so fast that definitions and taxonomies do not catch up with so dynamic changes and there is still an ambiguity in definitions and common understanding of basic ideas and models. This research focuses on Mobile Cloud understood as parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected (and virtualized) mobile devices dynamically provisioned and presented as one unified computing resource. This paper focuses on the mobile green computing cloud applied for parallel and distributed computations and consisting of outdated, abandoned or no longer needed smartphones being able to set up a powerful computing cluster. Besides showing the general idea and background, an actual computing cluster is constructed and its scalability and efficiency is checked versus the results obtained from the virtualized set of smartphones. All the experiments are performed using a dedicated software framework constructed in order to leverage the nolonger-needed smartphones, creating a computing cloud. Keywords—distributed computing, green computing, mobile cloud, mobile computing, parallel computing, pervasive computing.
A COMPARISON OF METHODS TO CALCULATE THE OPTIMAL LOAD FOR MAXIMAL POWER OUTPUT IN THE POWER CLEAN

The aim of this study was to compare three calculation methods to determine the load that maximises power output in the power clean. Five male athletes (height=179.8 10.5cms, weight 91.8 8.8kg. power clean 1RM = 117.0 20.5kg) performed two power cleans at 10% increments from 50% to 100% of 1RM. Bar displacement data was collected using a Ballistic Measurement System (BMS) and vertical ground reaction lorce (VGRF) data was measured by a Kistler 9287B Force Plate. Power output was calculated for BMS (system mass), BMS (bar mass) and VGRF/BMS system mass. Optimal load was determined to be 70% for the BMS (system mass) and VGRF 8MS (system mass) methods and 90% for the BM3 (bar mass) method. Sports scientists should be aware of the technical issues underlying these findings due to the practical ramifications for athlete testing and training.
Relationships between the groundwaters of Ash Meadows, Death Valley, Pahranagat Valley and the Nevada Test Site based on statistical analysis and modeling of trace element data

Relationships between the groundwaters of the Nevada Test Site, Ash Meadows, Pahranagat, and Death Valley have been studied by many people over many years. Using hydrogeochemical data from these areas (sampled and analyzed by the Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies) hydrologie subbasins were classified on the basis of trace element concentrations and compare these to previous classification systems. In addition, previously suggested flow relationships were examined on the basis of trace element concentrations, in particular those elements which are thought to behave conservatively in oxidizing environments. These efforts were made with the aid of statistical analyses such as principal component analysis and contouring within ARC/INFO (a geographic information system). The spring and well water chemistry data includes major ion and trace element chemistry and was obtained from the Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies at UNLV. In most analyses only trace elements were examined. Results of principal component analysis yielded logical results that reflect differences in geology and location. Perched waters on the Nevada Test Site have the most unique chemistries. Waters from the Furnace Creek region of Death Valley, Ash Meadows, and Pahranagat Valley seem to have many similarities with respect to trace elements. Contour modeling reveals that at least three processes or parameters control the behaviour of trace elements within the study area.