Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of global simulations of microwave and infrared brightness temperatures using AMSR and AIRS data

* Corresponding author address: Tom Greenwald, CIMSS, University of Wisconsin, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706-1695; e-mail: tomg@ssec.wisc. edu. Satellites are the leading source of observational data assimilated by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In fact these observations comprise about 99% of all data brought into NCEP’s Global Data Analysis System (GDAS). One approach that has been gaining acceptance for merging observations and NWP models is the direct use of radiance data, though currently it is restricted to clear sky areas. Direct insertion of radiance data offers several advantages over the use of data products, such as providing better control of errors in the assimilation environment and the opportunity to study the direct interactions between clouds and radiation. Recent efforts have compared global modelproduced brightness temperatures to satellite observations in order to evaluate the ability of these models to produce clouds and precipitation (Chevallier and Bauer 2003; Chevallier and Kelly 2002; Chevallier et al. 2001). These types of comparisons are an important first step in direct radiance assimilation of these data. This study seeks to evaluate model-simulated brightness temperatures in preparation for assimilating satellite data in cloudy regions into the GDAS, but uses the latest measurements from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA’s Aqua platform. This study differs from previous work in that multiple scattering is accounted for at infrared wavelengths. Only the microwave comparisons for cloudy but non-precipitating conditions will be shown here. Comparisons involving AIRS data will be presented at the conference.
Linear and non-linear mechanisms in the perception of stereoscopic slant and transparency.

This thesis explored the role of contrast disparities in stereopsis, and the nature of the encoding of surface slant from stereoscopic cues. Contrast disparities may be defined as interocular differences in the position of image regions corresponding in terms of image contrast, rather than luminance. It was found that, for simple plaid stimuli, stereoscopic slant thresholds could be predicted from disparities in the plaid's components. Further, the perceived slant of grating and plaid stimuli was found to be underestimated, with the degree of underestimation for plaids depending on the orientation of their component gratings. These results may be explained in terms of the orientation and spatial frequency disparities in the Fourier components of the stimuli, and are consistent with the notion that orientation disparities provide the primary cue to stereoscopic slant (Rogers and Graham, 1983). For plaids with orthogonal components, differing in contrast and spatial frequency, stereoscopic transparency was observed. Transparency was also observed in stimuli for which depth was defined by contrast modulation disparities. Transparency was only perceived for crossed disparities of the contrast modulation, such that the modulation appeared to lie in front of its carrier. This asymmetry was not evident if additional luminance disparities were introduced to the image. These results support the view that stereopsis has access to independent, linear and nonlinear channels (Hess and Wilcox, 1994). However, it was found that adaptation to the carrier of a contrast modulated stimulus increased the minimum contrast at which contrast disparities could be detected, suggesting that significant nonlinearities in stereopsis are preceded by a stage of linear filtering. These results were explained using a model in which luminance and contrast disparities are processed by independent linear and nonlinear mechanisms,s haring a common linear filtering stage early in processing. A ck n ow led gem en ts I would like to thank my supervisor, Keith Langley, for his help, advice and support throughout the thesis. Oliver Braddick and David Fleet also provided many helpful comments and ideas. I am grateful to many others at UCL for their encouragement and support. I would particularly like to thank Colin Clifford, Tom Hartley, Stevie Sackin, Peter Howell, Alan Johnston, Mark Gardner, Nico Preston, John Draper, Kate Bradford, and the Psychology Allstars . I would also like to thank David Green and George Houghton, for interesting me in Psychology as an undergraduate. Finally, I would like to thank Isabel, Jo, Paul(s), Carol, Ben, Mikie, Arshad, Garreth, Helen and the Loughborough posse for their friendship throughout. This thesis is for my parents.
Query Expansion for Cross-Language Question Re-Ranking

Community question-answering (CQA) platforms have become very popular forums for asking and answering questions daily. While these forums are rich repositories of community knowledge, they present challenges for finding relevant answers and similar questions, due to the open-ended nature of informal discussions. Further, if the platform allows questions and answers in multiple languages, we are faced with the additional challenge of matching cross-lingual information. In this work, we focus on the cross-language question re-ranking shared task, which aims to find existing questions that may be written in different languages. Our contribution is an exploration of query expansion techniques for this problem. We investigate expansions based on Word Embeddings, DBpedia concepts linking, and Hypernym, and show that they outperform existing state-of-the-art methods.
Surface integrity analysis of Nitinol-60 shape memory alloy in WEDM

ABSTRACT Nitinol-60, which belongs to the group of Nickel-Titanium based Shape Memory Alloys, offers remarkable properties like high wear resistance, high strength, shape memory, and super-elasticity; thereby making it convenient for use in aircraft and biomedical applications. However, these properties make Nitinol a ‘difficult-to-machine’ material during the traditional machining processes. Hence an experiment based study on Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Nitinol-60 has been executed based on the parametric effects. This study attempts to provide the quantitative details of the machined surfaces in terms of maximum peak to valley height, the average peak to valley height, recast layer thickness, and surface crack density. In addition, Response Surface Methodological models of these surface parameters along with the cutting rate have been developed. Monte Carlo simulation of the generated regression equations is carried out to study the behavior of the models using randomly generated data. The results show that the developed models are in agreement with the experimental data; which further indicates that the optimal parameters are suitable for mass production.
Chapter 1 A SURVEY OF SELF MODIFYING CARTESIAN GENETIC PROGRAMMING

Self-Modifying Cartesian Genetic Programming (SMCGP) is a general purpose, graph-based, developmental form of Cartesian Genetic Programming. In addition to the usual computational functions found in CGP, SMCGP includes functions that can modify the evolved program at run time. This means that programs can be iterated to produce an infinite sequence of phenotypes from a single evolved genotype. Here, we discuss the results of using SMCGP on a variety of different problems, and see that SMCGP is able to solve tasks that require scalability and plasticity. We see how SMCGP is able to produce results that would be impossible for conventional, static Genetic Programming techniques.
ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF TRAFFIC ON WILDLIFE VIEWINGS IN DENALI NATIONAL PARK : A REGRESSION ANALYSIS

With a large and diverse community of beautiful landscapes and wildlife in Denali National Park and Preserve, visitors flock from all across the globe to explore the park and view the unique species that reside there. Park administration must understand how traffic, especially during nighttime hours, might affect the number of wildlife viewings the following day. In this report, I ask whether nighttime traffic in Denali National Park and Preserve affects the incidence of wildlife sightings from the parks offered tour busses. I construct regression models of 2014 data to answer this main question and also to assess other factors that might explain variation in wildlife sightings. Analyses indicated that the amount of nighttime traffic does not have an effect on wildlife sightings. Specifically, it can be inferred that nighttime traffic at the levels observed in 2014 was not detrimental to wildlife viewing the following day. The nighttime traffic regulations instituted as part of the 2012 Vehicle Management Plan appear adequate to safeguard wildlife viewing opportunities. Other factors, including number of busses, location along the road, and day of year do affect wildlife viewing opportunities for visitors.
Rule-based scheduling method for sensors on early warning satellites basing on task analysis

The scheduling method of sensors on early warning satellites was studied.Firstly,characteristics of missile warning tasks were analyzed,and a task compositing method was designed to simplify relationships between tasks and sensors as well as to reduce resource occupancy of one task.Secondly,a scheduling framework based on periods and events was presented to handle dynamic tasks.Thirdly,a rule-based scheduling method was given,which paid more attention to scheduling speed than to performance of the outcome and consequently met with systemic requirement on timeliness.The result of an emulation shows that satisfying scheduling schemes can be attained during a fixed short period.
Financial Development , Human Capital , and Economic Growth : New Evidence from Sierra Leone

The financial sector performance and human capital development have been weak in most SubSaharan Africa countries since the 1970s to 2000s. The region has suffered tremendously from low level of human and physical capital accumulation leading to severe constraint on resources used for development of the financial sector and consequently impacted negatively on financial sector stability and hence economic growth. This is the case for Sierra Leone, the financial sector performance and human capital accumulations have been poor and leading to considerable financing gap for investment with adverse consequences on poverty alleviation and economic growth. Given the relevance of finance and human capital on growth, this study examines the link between financial development and human capital accumulation on economic growth in Sierra Leone from 1980-2012, using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression estimation technique. This study shows that the simultaneous interaction of financial development and human capital accumulation are significant and impact positively on growth. However, inflation is found to reduce the growth of output and is insignificant. The policy implication is that the enable environment for investment in the real as well as the financial sector growth policy should be pursued. Therefore, the government should strive to ensure sound macroeconomic stability. This study contributes to the current literature by providing an econometric understanding of relationships in finance, human capital, and economic growth for SSA countries. This understanding is of relevance to academics, policy makers, and development partners in shaping future financial development, human capital accumulation, and economic growth.
Race And Family A Structural Approach

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Comparative Study of Different Crystallization Methods in the Case of Cilostazol Crystal Habit Optimization

The therapeutic usage of cilostazol is limited owing to its poor aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability. Our aim was to produce cilostazol crystals with small average particle size; besides suitable roundness, narrow particle size distribution and stable polymorphic form to increase its dissolution rate and improve processability. Different conventional crystallization methods with or without sonication were compared with impinging jet crystallization combined with cooling, and the optimization of the various parameters was also implemented. The effects of post-mixing time and temperature difference were studied by means of a full factorial design. The physical properties of powder particles were characterized by, i.a. , XRPD, DSC and SEM. The dissolution rate and the contact angle of solid surfaces were also determined to elucidate the relationship between wettability and dissolution. It was observed that impinging jet crystallization combined with cooling is a very effective and reproducible method for reducing the particle size of cilostazol. This method resulted in significantly smaller particle size (d(0.5) = 3–5 μm) and more uniform crystals compared to the original ground material (d(0.5) = 24 μm) or the conventional methods (d(0.5) = 8–14 μm), and it also resulted in a stable polymorphic form and enhanced the dissolution rate.
Investigation and optimization of group III-N semiconductor thin-film growths using DC nitrogen plasma

The Lakehead University remote plasma-enhanced metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (RPE-MOCVD) reactor utilizes nitrogen plasma to provide the required nitrogen species in group III-N semiconductor material growth. This plasma provides advantages over conventional MOCVD systems, typically using ammonia as the nitrogen source. An issue with using ammonia is that the dissociation temperature is high, restricting the growth of certain materials and limiting possible substrates which may be grown on. The disassociation reaction efficiency of ammonia also plateaus at a low value. With RPE-MOCVD, the system is able to perform growths at significantly lower temperatures, limited only by the metalorganic dissociation temperatures, and the nitrogen plasma species composition and production rates may be varied. In this work the nitrogen plasma used in the RPE-MOCVD reactor is investigated in order to determine how varying system settings affects plasma conditions. This is done in an effort to optimize group III-N semiconductor thin-film growth conditions in this reactor. Spectroscopic and Langmuir probe measurements are performed and analyzed as system parameters are varied to investigate the resulting plasma conditions. Experimental GaN growths are performed with varying system parameters on sapphire substrates. The resulting growths are analyzed and compared with the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) characterization techniques.
Entropy based Saliency Maps for Object Recognition 1

Object identification from local information has recently been investigated with respect to its potential for integration and robust recognition. In contrast to existing approaches, we do not use generic interest operators but select regions of interest from top-down information, i.e., with respect to object recognition. Discriminative regions are determined from the information content in the local appearance patterns (imagettes) and consequently enable to model sparse object representation and attention based recognition using decision trees. Recognition performance from single imagettes dramatically increased considering only discriminative patterns. Evaluation of complete image analysis under various degrees of partial occlusion and image noise resulted in highly robust recognition even in the presence of severe occlusion and noise effects.
Multivariate Submodular Optimization (paper full version)

Submodular functions have found a wealth of new applications in data science and machine learning models in recent years. This has been coupled with many algorithmic advances in the area of submodular optimization: (SO) min / max f ( S ) : S ∈ F , where F is a given family of feasible sets over a ground set V and f : 2 V → R is submodular. Our focus is on a more general class of multivariate submodular optimization (MVSO) problems: min / max f ( S 1 , S 2 , . . . , S k ) : S 1 ] S 2 ] · · · ] S k ∈ F . Here we use ] to denote union of disjoint sets and hence this model is attractive where resources are being allocated across k agents, who share a “joint” multivariate nonnegative objective f ( S 1 , S 2 , . . . , S k ) that captures some type of submodularity (i.e. diminishing returns) property. We provide some explicit examples and potential applications for this new framework. For maximization, we show that practical algorithms such as accelerated greedy variants and distributed algorithms achieve good approximation guarantees for very general families (such as matroids and p -systems). For arbitrary families, we show that monotone (resp. nonmonotone) MVSO admits an α (1 − 1 /e ) (resp. α · 0 . 385) approximation whenever monotone (resp. non-monotone) SO admits an α -approximation over the multilinear formulation. This substantially expands the family of tractable models for submodular maximization. For minimization, we show that if SO admits a β -approximation over modular functions, then MVSO admits a β · n 1+( n − 1)(1 − c ) - approximation where c ∈ [0 , 1] denotes the curvature of f . We show that this approximation is essentially tight even for F = { V } . Finally, we give a bound in terms of k and prove that MVSO has an αk -approximation whenever SO admits an α -approximation over the convex formulation.
Using lustre in practical educational activities : digital circuits design, formal languages

In this paper we present practical educational activities usign the language LUSTRE. They are related to three fields of our curriculum: Digical circuits design, Automata and formal languages and, at a smaller degree, Computer architecture. We investigate particularly activities that establish a bridge between two of these three fields. These activities occur at the introductory level. The simplicity of the language and of the concepts involved in the compilation is a key point. Our goal is not to teach LUSTRE or to teach synchronous languages or real-time programming. Our perspective is actually using LUSTRE to help experimentations in the given domains.
Design of Ku-band power divider using Substrate Integrated Waveguide technique

A Ku-band Substrate Integrated Waveguide power divider is proposed. In this work, the SIW power divider is designed with T-junction configuration. The SIW technique enables the power divider to have low insertion loss, low cost and features uniplanar circuit. An additional of metallic via hole is added in the center of the junction to improve the return loss performance of the Tjunction SIW power divider. The simulated input return losses at port 1 are better than 27 dB, and features equal power division of about -3.1 dB ±0.4 dB at both output ports across frequency range of 13.5-18 GHz. The SIW power divider is fabricated, and the measurement results show acceptable performances. Since there are some losses contributed by the SMA connector of the fabricated SIW power divider prototype, an additional SIW transmission line is simulated and fabricated to analyze the connector loss.
Research of Text Information Retrieval Based on Improved VSM

The rapid growth and diversities of web information bring a lot of difficulties to the efficient information retrieval,but the current text information retrieval tools ignore the connotative semantic content for texts.The inefficient retrieval is difficult to meet the requirement of user's enquiry.the paper describes a method for text information retrieval based on the improved VSM(vector space model). The technology of ontology has been imported into traditional text information retrieval system,and the VSM has been improved by using the concept similarity computation in domain ontology.A high effective text information retrieval system model has been introduced.The example shows that the method can be do very well in raising the rate of recall and precision for text information retrieval.
Comparative Study of Methods that Detect Levels of Lead and its Consequent Toxicity in the Blood

The present work is the study of the different methods used to determine the toxicity produced by the presence of a contaminating metal in the blood. Mainly, the presence of lead in the blood was taken as a reference to focus the work, knowing that metals like Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) are also toxic to health and the environment. Although the information is extensive on the methods to be studied and in some cases it is not detailed to define each process, a comparative study of the most relevant and currently used methods can be carried out, taking into account that the choice will be defined according to the main characteristics of each one. Although all agree to be electrochemical processes, there are details to know which method to choose, either by sensitivity, economic or even structural factors, such as having a laboratory for its development. Environmental pollution with toxic elements is very harmful to health, even in small quantities can be very dangerous. These can be present in rivers, soil and even in the air, and these spaces are more than enough to contaminate the human being since these particles adhere in both cases for many years. It is a problem until today and therein lies the importance of the study.
Cloud security - An approach with modern cryptographic solutions

The term “cloud computing” has been in the spotlights of IT specialists due to its potential of transforming computer industry. Unfortunately, there are still some challenges to be resolved and the security aspects in the cloud based computing environment remain at the core of interest. The goal of our work is to identify the main security issues of cloud computing and to present approaches to secure clouds. Our research also focuses on data and storage security layers. As a result, we found out that the protection of cloud data lies in cloud cryptography. Thus, this thesis reviews the new cryptographic techniques used to protect and process encrypted data in a remote cloud storage. In this thesis we are proposing a cryptographic scheme which uses fingerprint scanning for user authentication and AES technique of 128/192/256 bit cipher key for encryption and decryption of user's data. AES provides higher data security compared to other encryption techniques like DES and Blowfish. Our scheme is used in DropBoxCrypt application. DropBoxCrypt is a data encryption-decryption application developed for Android mobile devices which can be used for browsing, exporting and opening encrypted data stored in cloud storage.
Safety At Work

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