Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Brief Motivational Intervention Differentially Reduces Sugar-sweetened Beverage (SSB) Consumption

Abstract Background Environmental and behavioral interventions hold promise to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSBs) consumption. Purpose To test, among frequent SSB consumers, whether motivations to consume SSBs moderated the effects of (a) a workplace SSB sales ban (environmental intervention) alone, and (b) a “brief motivational intervention” (BI) in addition to the sales ban, on changes in SSB consumption. Methods We assessed whether (1) baseline motivations to consume SSBs (craving, psychological stress, or taste enjoyment) impacted changes in daily SSB consumption at 6-month follow-up among frequent (>12oz of SSBs/day) SSB consumers (N = 214); (2) participants randomized to the BI (n = 109) versus to the sales ban only (n = 105) reported greater reductions in SSB consumption at follow-up; and (3) motivations to consume SSBs moderated any changes in SSB consumption. Results In response to the sales ban alone, individuals with stronger SSB cravings (+1 SD) at baseline showed significantly smaller reductions in daily SSB consumption at 6-month follow-up relative to individuals with weaker (−1 SD) SSB cravings (2.5 oz vs. 22.5 oz), p < . 01. Receiving the BI significantly increased reductions for those with stronger SSB cravings: Among individuals with stronger cravings, those who received the BI evidenced significantly greater reductions in daily SSB consumption [M(SE) = −19.2 (2.74) oz] than those who did not [M(SE) = −2.5 (2.3) oz, p < . 001], a difference of 16.72 oz. Conclusions Frequent SSB consumers with stronger SSB cravings report minimal reductions in daily SSB consumption with a sales ban only, but report greater reductions if they also receive a motivational intervention. Future multilevel interventions for institutions should consider both environmental and individualized multi-level interventions. Clinical Trial information NCT02585336.
Effects of Humor and Bystander Gender on Responses to Antigay Harassment

ABSTRACT Individuals perceived to be LGBTQ+ are at risk for harassment. Although bystanders who confront harassers and support targets of harassment may promote inclusivity, the use of humor to express antigay harassment may inhibit prosocial bystander intervention. Non-LGBTQ+ undergraduates (N = 326) were randomly assigned to respond to a scenario in which a male peer disparaged another peer with antigay comments involving either the presence or absence of humor. Results showed that bystanders reported less intent to intervene in the presence of humor than in its absence. Bystander gender moderated perceptions of humorous harassing speech but not intent to intervene. In the presence of humor, men but not women perceived antigay harassment as more amusing; they also perceived the harassing peer more favorably. To promote ally behavior, bystander education may explicitly address critical thinking about the functions and effects of disparaging humor.
Simulation study on the disordered state of an Alzheimer's β amyloid peptide Aβ(12–36) in water consisting of random‐structural, β‐structural, and helical clusters

The monomeric Alzheimer's β amyloid peptide, Aβ, is known to adopt a disordered state in water at room temperature, and a circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy experiment has provided the secondary‐structure contents for the disordered state: 70% random, 25% β‐structural, and 5% helical. We performed an enhanced conformational sampling (multicanonical molecular dynamics simulation) of a 25‐residue segment (residues 12–36) of Aβ in explicit water and obtained the conformational ensemble over a wide temperature range. The secondary‐structure contents calculated from the conformational ensemble at 300°K reproduced the experimental secondary‐structure contents. The constructed free‐energy landscape at 300°K was not plain but rugged with five clearly distinguishable clusters, and each cluster had its own characteristic tertiary structure: a helix‐structural cluster, two β‐structural clusters, and two random‐structural clusters. This indicates that the contribution from the five individual clusters determines the secondary‐structure contents experimentally measured. The helical cluster had a similarity with a stable helical structure for monomeric Aβ in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE)/water determined by an NMR experiment: The positions of helices in the helical cluster were the same as those in the NMR structure, and the residue–residue contact patterns were also similar with those of the NMR structure. The cluster–cluster separation in the conformational space indicates that free‐energy barriers separate the clusters at 300°K. The two β‐structural clusters were characterized by different strand–strand hydrogen‐bond (H‐bond) patterns, suggesting that the free‐energy barrier between the two clusters is due to the H‐bond rearrangements.
The Immobilized Porphyrin‐Mediator System Mn(TMePyP)/clay/HBT (clay‐PMS): A Lignin Peroxidase Biomimetic Catalyst in the Oxidation of Lignin and Lignin Model Compounds

A biomimetic system for lignin peroxidase (LiP) was designed by using a cationic porphyrin, [Mn(TMePyP)OAc5], supported on the smectitic clay montmorillonite [Mn(TMePyP)/clay]. The natural role of the polypeptidic pocket of LiP was mimicked by the clay. The possibility to use low-molecular-weight redox mediators as active readily diffusible oxidizing species has been investigated. This assembly — a sort of ‘‘synthetic enzyme’’ — can be defined as an immobilized porphyrin-mediator system (clay-PMS). The clay-PMS was
Under salt stress guard cells rewire ion transport and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.

Soil salinity is an increasingly global problem which hampers plant growth and crop yield. Plant productivity depends on optimal water-use efficiency and photosynthetic capacity balanced by stomatal conductance. Whether and how stomatal behavior contributes to salt sensitivity or tolerance is currently unknown. This work identifies guard cell-specific signaling networks exerted by a salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant plant under ionic and osmotic stress conditions accompanied with increasing NaCl loads. We challenged soil grown Arabidopsis thaliana and Thellungiella salsuginea plants with short- and long-term salinity stress and monitored genome-wide gene expression and signals of guard cells that determine their function. Arabidopsis plants suffered from both salt regimes and showed reduced stomatal conductance while Thellungiella displayed no obvious stress symptoms. The salt-dependent gene expression changes of guard cells supported the ability of the halophyte to maintain high potassium to sodium ratios and to attenuate the ABA signaling pathway which the glycophyte kept activated despite fading ABA levels. Our study shows that salinity stress and even the different tolerance levels are manifested on a single cell level. Halophytic guard cells react less sensitive than glycophytic guard cells providing opportunities to manipulate stomatal behavior and improve plant productivity.
Systemic teletherapists' meaningful experiences during the first months of the coronavirus pandemic

Abstract Fifty‐five clinicians who provided teletherapy to couples, partnerships, families, and kin networks during the first two months of the coronavirus pandemic responded to a survey about their most and least meaningful experiences. Reflexive thematic analysis indicated that the participants experienced adjustments to their schedule or routines, they used technology glitches to promote client growth, and they altered how they engaged clients. Participants noted shifts in their personal and relational dynamics. They reported feeling fatigued and resilient. Participants described their adaptability, gratitude, digital and relational connectivity, and an ability to reframe negative experiences into opportunities for growth.
Crystallization of β-MnO2 Nanowires in the Pores of SBA-15 Silicas: In Situ Investigation Using Synchrotron Radiation

An original preparation method, called “two solvents” method, allows the production of MnO2 nanowires patterned by SBA-15 silicas under mild conditions, with a preserved two-dimensional hexagonal structure, a 97% filling of the porosity by oxide nanowires, and a controlled microstructure. A comparison is made with Mn-loaded SBA-15 prepared by more conventional adsorption methods. In the latter case, MnOx particles inside and outside the silica grains, empty and filled mesopores, and several Mn oxides (MnO2, Mn2O3, and Mn3O4) were identified. Once the preparation method of Mn-loaded SBA-15 optimized, various X-ray scattering and adsorption techniques using synchrotron radiation were used to observe salient features of the MnO2 nanowires crystallization in situ upon calcination. X-ray absorption at the Mn K edge shows that the oxidation state of manganese increases from (II) to (IV) between 80 and 120 °C. The oxidation of the Mn(II) salt occurs at a temperature lower than that necessary for bulk manganese n.
Capturing touch in parent-infant interaction: A comparison of methods.

Naturally occurring high levels of caregiver touch promote offspring development in many animal species. Yet, caregiver touch remains a relatively understudied topic in human development, possibly due to challenges of measuring this means of interaction. While parental reports (e.g., questionnaires, diaries) are easy to collect, they may be subject to biases and memory limitations. In contrast, observing touch in a short session of parent-child interaction in the lab may not be representative of touch interaction in daily life. In the present study, we compared parent reports (one-off questionnaires and diary) and observation-based methods in a sample of German 6- to 13-month-olds and their primary caregivers (n = 71). In an attempt to characterize touching behaviors across a broad range of contexts, we measured touch both during play and while the parent was engaged in another activity. We found that context affected both the quantity and types of touch used in interaction. Parent-reported touch was moderately associated with touch observed in parent-child interactions and more strongly with touch used during play. We conclude that brief one-off questionnaires are a good indicator of touch in parent-child interaction, yet they may be biased toward representing particular daily activities and particular types of touch.
MicroRNA-874-3p/ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease) 19 Mediates Macrophage Activation and Renal Fibrosis After Acute Kidney Injury

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Inflammation and maladaptive repair play a crucial role in the development of chronic kidney disease and hypertension after acute kidney injury. To study the mechanisms involved in acute kidney injury-to-chronic kidney disease transition, we established a chronic renal fibrosis mouse model that was triggered by an initial ischemia/reperfusion–induced acute kidney injury (acute-chronic model). Downregulation of microRNA-874-3p during renal fibrosis was identified by a genome-wide RNA-sequencing and was further confirmed in cell-based assays, mouse models, and human samples. Overexpression of microRNA-874-3p in the kidneys markedly alleviated renal fibrosis, accompanied with decreased infiltrated macrophages and expression of α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen, fibronectin, CCL (C-C motif chemokine ligand) 2, and ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease) 19. ADAM19 is a target gene of microRNA-874-3p as shown by luciferase reporter assays and was upregulated in the acute-chronic model. Overexpression of ADAM19 directly induced the expression of fibrotic genes, CCL2, and macrophage infiltration in vivo. Depletion of macrophages using clodronate liposomes ameliorated the fibrogenic effects of ADAM19. Overexpression of ADAM19 also induced accumulation of the Notch1 intracellular domain, an upstream regulator of CCL2 expression, whereas Notch1 pathway antagonist N-(N-[3,5-difluorophenacetyl]-L-alanyl)-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester reduced CCL2 level in ADAM19-overexpressed cells. Collectively, microRNA-874-3p/ADAM19 mediates renal fibrosis after acute kidney injury by increasing macrophage infiltration via the Notch1/CCL2 pathway.
Altered activation and functional connectivity in individuals with social anhedonia when envisioning positive future episodes

Abstract Background Anticipatory pleasure deficits are closely correlated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia, and may be found in both clinical and subclinical populations along the psychosis continuum. Prospection, which is an important component of anticipatory pleasure, is impaired in individuals with social anhedonia (SocAnh). In this study, we examined the neural correlates of envisioning positive future events in individuals with SocAnh. Methods Forty-nine individuals with SocAnh and 33 matched controls were recruited to undergo functional MRI scanning, during which they were instructed to simulate positive or neutral future episodes according to cue words. Two stages of prospection were distinguished: construction and elaboration. Results Reduced activation at the caudate and the precuneus when prospecting positive (v. neutral) future events was observed in individuals with SocAnh. Furthermore, compared with controls, increased functional connectivity between the caudate and the inferior occipital gyrus during positive (v. neutral) prospection was found in individuals with SocAnh. Both groups exhibited a similar pattern of brain activation for the construction v. elaboration contrast, regardless of the emotional context. Conclusions Our results provide further evidence on the neural mechanism of anticipatory pleasure deficits in subclinical individuals with SocAnh and suggest that altered cortico-striatal circuit may play a role in anticipatory pleasure deficits in these individuals.
Maternal experience of domestic violence before and during pregnancy and children's linear growth at 15 years: Findings from MINIMat trial in rural Bangladesh

Abstract Literature concerning negative impacts of domestic violence (DV) against women on their children's health is growing; however, little is known about the long‐term effect of maternal exposure to DV before and/or during pregnancy on their children's growth. Using data from the MINIMat cohort, we have evaluated the association between maternal lifetime experience of DV, measured in late pregnancy, with their children's linear growth at 15 years (n = 2240) in rural Bangladesh. A modified version of conflict tactic scale was used to record the maternal experience of physical, sexual, emotional DV and controlling behaviour. Children's height was measured by trained nurses during their clinical visits at 15‐year follow‐up. Compared to the women with no experience of DV, children of women with experience of any physical, sexual or emotional DV before and/or during pregnancy had the significantly lower height for age Z‐scores (HAZs) at the age of 15. No significant association between maternal experience of controlling behaviour and their children's linear growth was observed in terms of HAZ. Results from this study suggest that maternal experience of DV before and/or during pregnancy might be associated with impaired long‐term linear growth within their children.
Study of the Relationship between MMP-2 and MMP-9 and Her2/neu Overexpression in Gastric Cancer: Clinico-Pathological Correlations

Background: The relationship between the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases with clinico-pathological data on gastric cancer has been investigated in many countries, but this relationship remains unexplored in Iranian patients. Also, the correlation of the MMPs and the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene with other clinic-pathological variables has been evaluated for several other malignancies, but little effort has been made to shed light on the relationship with gastric cancer. Methods: We investigated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and HERE-2/neu overexpression in 48 gastric cancer patients referred to Afzalipour Hospital, associated with Kerman Medical University. Immunohistochemistry staining with rabbit polyclonal antibodies was used. Data statistical analysis was done by SPSS software (Version 20.0). Results: The mean age was 59, most of the patients were male (79.2%), and the average tumor size was larger than 5 centimeters in its greatest diameter. The majority of tumors were of the intestinal subtype and were located in the pyloric and antrum regions (43.8%). Invasion to muscularis properia was seen in 87.5% of the tumors (T3). MMP-2 and MMP-9 were highly expressed in 58.3% and 50% of cases, respectively, and Her-2/neu positivity was 10.4%. MMP-2, MMP-9 and HER-2 were found to have no relation with any clinicopathological parameters. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were highly expressed in gastric cancer, but there was no significant association with other clinicopathological variables.
The impact of cognitive decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on swallowing. A scoping review

Abstract Purpose: Impaired swallowing is a serious symptom of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) impacting on health and wellbeing. Little is known about how cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis impacts on oropharyngeal swallowing. A scoping review was undertaken to explore how cognitive impairment impacts on a person living with ALS’s (plwALS) ability to understand and manage oropharyngeal swallowing function. Method: Subject headings and keywords were searched across MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Emcare and Google Scholar in May 2019. Articles containing information on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cognition and swallowing were reviewed. A secondary search was conducted in July 2020 with broadened search terms. Result: The primary search identified 1055 articles, and 47 were included for full-text review. Of these, no articles directly met the inclusion criteria of both cognitive impairment and swallowing. The secondary search with broadened terms identified an additional 762 studies, and 9 were included for full-text review, but none met the inclusion criteria. Consequently, thematic analysis was completed on articles from the full-text review to identify themes that related to both cognition and swallowing. The themes identified were: (i) early specialised multidisciplinary management of ALS achieves better outcomes; (ii) cognitive impairment impacts on management; and (iii) impaired swallowing occurs in nearly all people living with ALS and is a serious symptom of the disease. Conclusion: The interaction between cognitive impairment and oropharyngeal swallowing function in ALS has not been investigated. This is important, as cognitive impairment impacts insight and decision-making and may have implications for oropharyngeal swallowing management.
Political participation and basic values in Europe: Replication and extension of Vecchione et al. (2015).

Vecchione et al. (Br J Psychol, 106, 2015, 84) demonstrated the effects of four higher-order values on political participation across 20 European countries. In their Study 1, they found that political participation was related to three higher-order basic values and that these associations were stronger in more democratic countries. The present study attempted a replication using a more rigorous modelling approach. Multilevel structural equation models with latent variables for both participation and basic values replicated the main effects of Self-Transcendence and Conservation values but demonstrated negative effects of Openness values (vs. positive in the original study) and positive effects of Self-Enhancement values (vs. ambiguous or insignificant in the original study), while cross-level interactions indicated weaker effects of values in more democratic countries (vs. the opposite in the original study). These discrepancies appeared mostly due to the original study's implicit assumption that basic values' measurement errors were zero. The new results indicated a counter-intuitive similarity of effects of supposedly opposite values. Self-Transcendence-Self-Enhancement is suggested to be a politically motivating value dimension, whereas Openness to Change-Conservation is a dimension that discourages political participation regardless of the preferred extreme.
Gamification for promoting advance care planning: A mixed-method systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Gamification has been adopted in the health care field for broaching sensitive topics and increasing motivation for behavior changes. Games developed to stimulate discussion surrounding end-of-life issues, and thereby promoting advance care planning also emerged. Aim: The aim is to integrate the quantitative evidence and qualitative evidence to understand the effectiveness of and experience with games for advance care planning. Design: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020163312) was undertaken. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used for quality appraisal. Data were synthesized and pooled for meta-analysis or meta-aggregation when appropriate. Data sources: We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, WanFang, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from the inception of the databases for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies. Results: Eleven articles of ten studies were included, six of which were feasibility studies. The quality of the quantitative component of most included studies (7/8) was rated as low, and the qualitative component of most included studies (7/8) was rated as moderate. The meta-analysis showed that games for advance care planning are effective to increase self-efficacy, readiness, knowledge, and process of advance care planning behaviors. The meta-aggregation showed that games for advance care planning are highly acceptable and the participants perceived the game experience as fun and enjoyable. Conclusions: Advance care planning games seem to be a promising intervention for increasing the uptake of advance care planning behaviors. Well-designed randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of games for advance care planning are needed in the future.
Factors predicting positive CT mesenteric angiography results in lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage prior to consideration of intra‐arterial angio‐embolisation

Lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage (LGIH) is a challenging phenomenon in a comorbid, elderly population. CT mesenteric angiography (CTMA) allows localisation of the site of haemorrhage, and provides a target for interventional techniques, but the intermittent nature of LGIH makes it challenging to reliably demonstrate extravasation. This study aimed to identify objective factors that may predict scan outcomes.
Frequency and Time Dependent Microwave Assisted Switching Behaviors of Co/Pt Nanodots

Microwave assisted magnetization switching is implemented for Co/Pt multilayer nanodots. Application of rf fields significantly reduces the switching field of Co/Pt nanodots, and the reduction behavior is similar to that predicted by macrospin simulation. However, some dots are inert to rf fields. These very different switching behaviors may be attributable to a slight difference in the nucleation process of a reversed domain. It is also found that the switching field reduction remains almost constant regardless of the pulse width and interval of rf fields, indicating that the switching event is sufficiently fast and reliable in the ns regime.