Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Damages to soil and tree species by cable-skidding in Caspian forests of Iran

Aim of study : The main aims of this study were to determine of damage level to residual stand and soil disturbance from mechanized selection logging. Area of study : Mixed beech stands in Caspian forests, northern Iran. Material and methods : Point-transect and systematic plot sampling were used for assessing damages to soil and trees, respectively. Main results : 89% of forest soil area was undisturbed or shallow disturbed, and 5.2% was deep disturbed. Soil bulk density of top 10 cm in the winching corridors, ruts and skid trails were increased 10.7%, 20.6% and 32.1% respectively than controlled area. Frequency of damages to regeneration and trees were 12% and 11.2%. The frequency of damages to regeneration was increased with increasing of their heights, but frequency of damages to trees was decreased with increasing of their diameter. The most type of damages was bole wounds in sizes of 100 to 200 cm 2 within 1 m from the ground level, and deep wounds. The frequency of damages was different in tree species ( p = 0.001). The mean size of bole wounds was 174 cm 2 , and the mean height of bole wounds was 70 cm from ground level. The intensity of wounds on trees bole were decreased with increasing of their heights from ground level ( p = 0.02), while their sizes were increased ( p = 0.001). Research highlights : Winching of logs was the main cause of damages to soil and residual stand. The detailed planning strategy will reduce damage to level which is acceptable and predictable.
Patchwork capital and postsecondary success: Latinx students from high school to college

ABSTRACT In scholarly conversations of college readiness, the academic performance of Latinx students largely hinges on questions of culture. College success necessitates fluency in dominant cultural capital and community cultural wealth. Inner-city high schools, however, inadequately endow Latinx students with dominant cultural capital and are often subtractive of community cultural wealth. Nonetheless, many Latinx college students are enjoying academic success. To understand how Latinx students from inner-city high schools are succeeding in college in spite of insufficient preparation, I introduce the concept of ‘patchwork capital’ grounded in interviews and observations of twelve Latinx students from high school to college. As opposed to middle- and upper-class students who seamlessly apply robust collections of college-ready capital to postsecondary transitions, low-income, Latinx students adopt a more piecemeal approach. Through scattered experiences in and out of school, Latinx students produce a patchwork of dominant and nondominant cultural resources, tenuously assembled and applied towards college success.
Managing Wind Power Generation via Indexed Semi-Markov Model and Copula

Because of the stochastic nature of wind turbines, the output power management of wind power generation (WPG) is a fundamental challenge for the integration of wind energy systems into either power systems or microgrids (i.e., isolated systems consisting of local wind energy systems only) in operation and planning studies. In general, a wind energy system can refer to both one wind farm consisting of a number of wind turbines and a given number of wind farms sited at the area in question. In power systems (microgrid) planning, a WPG should be quantified for the determination of the expected power flows and the analysis of the adequacy of power generation. Concerning this operation, the WPG should be incorporated into an optimal operation decision process, as well as unit commitment and economic dispatch studies. In both cases, the probabilistic investigation of WPG leads to a multivariate uncertainty analysis problem involving correlated random variables (the output power of either wind turbines that constitute wind farm or wind farms sited at the area in question) that follow different distributions. This paper advances a multivariate model of WPG for a wind farm that relies on indexed semi-Markov chains (ISMC) to represent the output power of each wind energy system in question and a copula function to reproduce the spatial dependencies of the energy systems’ output power. The ISMC model can reproduce long-term memory effects in the temporal dependence of turbine power and thus understand, as distinct cases, the plethora of Markovian models. Using copula theory, we incorporate non-linear spatial dependencies into the model that go beyond linear correlations. Some copula functions that are frequently used in applications are taken into consideration in the paper; i.e., Gumbel copula, Gaussian copula, and the t-Student copula with different degrees of freedom. As a case study, we analyze a real dataset of the output powers of six wind turbines that constitute a wind farm situated in Poland. This dataset is compared with the synthetic data generated by the model thorough the calculation of three adequacy indices commonly used at the first hierarchical level of power system reliability studies; i.e., loss of load probability (LOLP), loss of load hours (LOLH) and loss of load expectation (LOLE). The results will be compared with those obtained using other models that are well known in the econometric field; i.e., vector autoregressive models (VAR).
Research on intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking based on model predictive control

Intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking lateral control is the key technology to realize intelligent driving. Aiming at the problems that the existing control methods have a small effective control area and poor control effect under cornering conditions or small road adhesion coefficients, a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is proposed for trajectory tracking control. Based on the two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model, a state space equation is established and discretized to obtain a predictive model that meets the conditions. Then, the corresponding objective function is designed based on the ideal yaw angular velocity under the optimal preview control theory, and the input-output constraints and side-slip angle constraints are designed according to the control and state quantities. The controller model is established in MATLAB / Simulink, and the road model is built in CarSim for joint simulation. Compared with CarSim’s own algorithm, the changes in side acceleration and steering wheel angle are smoother and less oscillating. The maximum lateral deviation and lateral acceleration are also smaller, and the lateral stability of the car is improved. It has better adaptability on pavement with lower adhesion coefficient, and can also maintain control stability. The real vehicle test results are consistent with the simulation results, with a maximum lateral error of 0.44m and a maximum heading angle deviation of 1.43 °. Therefore, the trajectory tracking control algorithm based on model predictive control designed in this paper has significantly improved control accuracy and stability, and can maintain control stability even when the road surface adhesion coefficient is low.
Reduced-Order and Aggregated Modeling of Large-Signal Synchronization Stability for Multiconverter Systems

During severe grid faults, grid-following converters may become unstable and experience loss of synchronization when complying with requirements for low-voltage ride-through capability. This phenomenon is well described, understood, and modeled for single-converter systems but lacks a modeling framework when extended to multiconverter systems. To fill this gap, this work presents the necessary stability conditions and aggregated reduced-order models for different multiconverter configurations, which can be used to assess the transient synchronization stability of grid-following converters under symmetrical grid faults. The necessary conditions for transient stability and the aggregated models are verified through numerous simulation studies, which verify their high accuracy for large-signal synchronization stability assessment. To that end, the Anholt wind power plant is considered as a case study where the aggregated model is compared to the full operation of a wind farm string containing nine full-order grid-following converter models. High model accuracy is obtained, and the computational burden associated with the proposed model is reduced with a factor of 100 compared with a full-order representation on the tested system. Accordingly, the presented analysis and proposed modeling are attractive as a screening tool and a convenient approach for early-stage fault analysis of system design.
Utility of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Trait Measure in Population Genetics: A Polygenic Risk Study

Background: We tested the utility of the SWAN (Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Rating Scale) for measuring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits in population-based genetics. We examined the convergent, predictive, and discriminant validity of the SWAN parent- and new youth report scale while creating norms and clinical cut-offs. We tested if high ADHD traits were associated with ADHD diagnosis and polygenic risk and if low ADHD traits pointed to another psychopathological phenotype or genetic risk. Methods: We collected parent- and youth-reported SWAN scores in a community sample (n=15,560; 6-18 years of age). Sensitivity-specificity analyses determined SWAN scores that discriminated a community ADHD diagnosis (n=972). Cut-offs were validated in a clinic sample (266 ADHD patients; 36 controls). We examined the relationship of SWAN scores with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits as well as ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety disorder using polygenic risk scores. Results: SWAN scores showed high convergent validity and distinguished ADHD participants with high sensitivity and specificity in the community sample. The community-based threshold discriminated ADHD clinic cases from controls with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 94%. High ADHD traits were associated with high anxiety, but not OC, traits. High SWAN scores and those above the community-based cut-off were only associated with ADHD polygenic risk. Conclusions: The SWAN is useful for genetic research because it predicts ADHD diagnoses with high sensitivity and specificity and is associated with ADHD polygenic risk. Cut-off values and norms are presented. Low ADHD traits were not associated with other psychopathology.
Research on the Application of an Information System in Monitoring the Dynamic Deformation of a High-Rise Building

With the acceleration of urbanization, there are increasingly more high-rise buildings in cities. In turn, high-rise building collapse accidents occur frequently. The causes of the danger, in addition to the extremely severe stress, are predominantly due to the long-term role of unstable factors, resulting in an unrecoverable internal structure. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor the dynamic deformation of buildings to prevent accidents. However, there is no particularly mature application system on the market to enable this monitoring, so our research group has carried out a long-term research in this field. This paper introduces the design of a set of practical information systems by using information technology and the principle of close-range photogrammetry. The system used the photographing scale transformation-time baseline parallax (PST-TBP) method to analyse image data collected with a digital camera, implement close-range photogrammetry, and input the image data into a computer. A building deformation diagram is obtained using our own software. The associated deformation curve can clearly reproduce the building deformation trend to monitor the building health. We conducted many laboratory simulation experiments to verify the information system, and the verification results prove that this process is rigorous. To apply this information system to a real-life scenario as soon as possible, we further studied its application to high-rise buildings, improved the system by using data and experience obtained by monitoring the tallest local building, and achieved good results. Finally, combined with the development of current intelligent technology, directions for system improvement are explored.
Semi-analytic model for the electromagnetic field of a current-driven antenna in a cold, magnetized plasma

In this semi-analytic study we develop a mathematical model for determining the electromagnetic field due to a current-driven antenna immersed in a cold, magnetized plasma, valid for frequencies below the electron plasma frequency. At each point in the plasma, it is shown that the vacuum electric field of the antenna couples to the plasma conductivity tensor and acts as an infinitesimal source term to drive plasma currents – the total field is then found from the aggregate sum of these point sources, expressed as an integral across the vacuum field. A general solution is provided for both azimuthally symmetric cylindrical coordinates as well as a fully generalized Cartesian solution. As an example of how this general solution may be applied, we solve for the field due to an electric dipole antenna of length $\ell$ , aligned along the background field, at frequencies below the ion cyclotron frequency. It is found that the near field decays exponentially with increasing $k_{\bot }z$ , whereas the far field exhibits wave-like behaviour. The radiation zone exhibits propagation cones emanating from either end of the dipole, with a propagation angle that is consistent with past analytic studies of inertial Alfvén waves. The mathematical model presented here may be advantageous over other numerical methods, as it allows the user to solve parts of the problems analytically, thereby cutting down significantly on computation time, as well as offering physical insight into the system that may not be evident with other numerical solvers.
Structural Diversity Closely Associated with Canopy Species Diversity and Stand Age in Species-Poor Montane Forests on Loess Plateau of China

ABSTRACT High species diversity is often accompanied with and supported by a diversified stand structure in species-rich natural forests. However, the relationship between species diversity and stand structural diversity is less examined in species-poor forests. In montane forests on Loess Plateau of north-central China in a semi-arid climate zone, canopy species diversity and vertical structure of 57 broadleaves, conifer and mixed stands, with varying stand ages and site conditions, were randomly sampled. Canopy species diversity was represented by Shannon's index (H'). Stand structural diversity was represented by two indices respectively, i.e. coefficients of variation of diameter measurements at breast height (CVdbh) and Shannon's index of diameter classes (H'dbh). Structural equation models (SEMs) were constructed to explore multiple relationships between stand structural diversity and canopy species diversity, stand age and elevation. Both stand structural diversity indices increased directly with H' and stand age. However, indirect positive effect of stand age via increasing H' was only significant on CV. H'dbh provided positive feedback on H', while effect of stand age was only indirect via increasing structural diversity. Elevation significantly affected coefficients of variation of diameter, which was probably a sampling effect due to narrow distribution of broadleaves-conifer stands in altitudinal range. In conclusion, the results showed that stand structural diversity and canopy species diversity and stand age are closely associated with the species-poor montane forests like these on Loess Plateau of north-central China.
Clarification of Sumatran Mulberry (Morus macroura var. macroura, Moraceae) from West Sumatra, Indonesia using Nucleus Ribosomal ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) Gene

Background: Morus macroura Miq. is a potential tree species belonging to the Mulberry group, and consider as flora identity of West Sumatra Province with local name is Andalas. This germplasm tropical tree species utilize widely by local West Sumatran people for various purposes such as wood material to construct the traditional house of ethnic Minangkabau and medicinal substance for multiple diseases. However, the population numbers of this species were decreased and rare due to overexploitation without effort for planting. Based on this reason, it is imperative to conserve and utilize sustainable Mulberry. There is a highlight confusion to clarify that M. macroura from Sumatra population similar to Himalayan Mulberry. For this reason, it is essential to define the crucial local M. macroura from Sumatra (Sumatran Mulberry) for its conservation and sustainable utilization. Method: In this study, the leaves from seven individuals of M. macroura collected from West Sumatra were used for DNA extraction and processed to the next step of the analysis. Four individuals of Himalayan Mulberry and both of two out-group, White Mulberry (M. alba), and Black Mulberry (M. nigra) were used in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed using two ITS markers (ITS5-F and ITS4-R) with an annealing temperature of 55oC. The PCR products were purified and sequenced by Macrogen USA DNA Sequencing. The phyllogenetic relationship between seven accessions and two of out-group (M. alba and M. nigra) were analyzed using the MEGA6 program. Result: The result indicated that all of the accessions M. macroura from Sumatra were grouped into the same cluster and separated to the Himalayan Mulberry group. The differentiation between Sumatran Mulberry and other Mulberry reflected in morphological and haplotype differentiation indicated that the Sumatran Mulberry as the different group and suggested as a variety with scientific name is M. macroura Miq. var. macroura. This clarification is useful for conservation and sustainable utilization of this variety, a specific Mulberry from Sumatra.
Adoption of improved production methods by underutilized indigenous vegetable farmers

ABSTRACT Adoption of improved technology is necessary in developing countries to ensure adequate vegetable production and increased farm income. The study examined factors influencing adoption of improved production methods by growers of underutilized indigenous vegetables. Data obtained from the Synergizing Fertilizer Micro-dosing and Indigenous Vegetable Production project to Enhance Food and Economic Security in West Africa data bank (MICROVEG), collected from 552 respondents, were used. The Poisson Regression Model was employed to estimate the probability of adoption of improved technology practices. Awareness and knowledge of innovation, membership in farmer organizations, education level, income, and land ownership were factors positively influencing farmer decisions to adopt the improved methods. For adoption to occur, appropriate dissemination of information needs to be employed.
Molecular evidence enables further resolution of the western North American Pyrgulopsis kolobensis complex (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae)

Mitochondrial COI sequence variation was examined in members of the Pyrgulopsis kolobensis complex to clarify further the confused taxonomy of these springsnails, which were treated as a single species prior to a recent study that recognized five morphologically and genetically distinct species for the populations in the Virgin River drainage of southern Utah. Phylogenetic analyses of 44 currently undescribed populations in this complex from the eastern Great Basin and Snake River basin congruently resolved five divergent lineages. One of the lineages contained most of the newly sequenced specimens as well as the haplotypes of three currently recognized regional species. The mean genetic distance within this lineage was slight (0.7%) and consequently we treat it as a single, morphologically variable species for which the name P. pilsbryana has precedence and should be used. Two of the other lineages (both having small geographic ranges) are sometimes sympatric both with each other and with P. pilsbryana (as envisaged herein), but could not be distinguished morphologically and may be divergent haplogroups of P. pilsbryana or undescribed cryptic species. The remaining two lineages are single populations in eastern Nevada and southern Utah that, together with other, previously detected lineages from these areas, will require additional morphological study to determine their taxonomic status. Further molecular sampling, especially of the many populations in Nevada that have not been analysed so far, is also needed to help complete the taxonomic revision of the P. kolobensis complex.
ENHANCED RECOMMENDER SYSTEM FOR MANAGING SPARSE DATA IN SECURED CLOUD FOR E-BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A BSTRACT . Nowadays, Cloud Computing is a compelling paradigm for all enterprises where different services such as the server, storage, and application are delivered through the internet to the organization’s computer and devices. It serves computing needs for both enterprise and end-user, so it became on-demand services as all enterprises emerging to cloud computing technology. So the cloud platform is incorporated in recommender a system that is mainly used for sorting a massive amount of data to identify user’s interest by rating or feed-back and makes item search easier for the end-user. Therefore, the Cloud-based Recommender system applied in a variety of applications to increase sales and user satisfaction in the market. Despite advances in recommender, the system still issues like sparsity, capability, and accuracy are needed to be addressed. In this paper, the cloud-based approach addresses the serious sparse data and capability issue by constructing a trustworthy recommender system. The proposed technique increases the density of the similarity matrix and coverage for accurate prediction. At the simulation result, the accuracy of recommendation is analyzed using evaluation metrics shows that the framework is useful and better prediction achievement.
Binding energy predictions and molecular docking studies on 2-vinylbicyclo [2.1.1]hex-2-ene, 3-methyl-6-hepten-1-ol and 2-ethyl-1-hexene steroidal receptors in Acalypha wilkesiana

Objective: Prediction of binding energy and molecular docking studies of steroidal receptor compounds in Acalypha wikesiana plant proposed by GCMS analysis. Methods: Molecular Docking Studies on 2-vinylbicyclo [2.1. 1]hex-2-ene, 3-methyl-6-hepten-1-ol and 2-ethyl-1-hexene, steroidal receptor biocompounds in the medicinal plant Acalypha wilkesiana were performed. The crystal structure and molecular interactions of hormone-bound human progesterone receptor (PDB 1A28) ligand-binding domain in complex with 2-vinylbicyclo [2.1. 1]hex-2-ene, human androgen receptor (PDB 2AM9) ligand binding domain in complex with 2-Ethyl-1-hexene and glucocorticoid receptor (PDB 4LSJ) ligand binding domain bound to 3-Methyl-6-hepten-1-ol were performed. Results: The predicted binding energies are -21.83, -15.69 and -21.55 Kcal/mol respectively. Docking results showed that 2-vinylbicyclo[2.1. 1]hex-2-ene, 3-methyl-6-hepten-1-ol and 2-ethyl-1-hexene are progesterone, human androgen and glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Conclusions: The phytochemical in the Acalypha wilkesiana plant could be beneficial and can act as agonist of some steroid hormones. Their activities improved after molecular docking so could be beneficial for modelling and discovery of new drugs.