Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of the metal center of chlorothalonil hydrolytic dehalogenase and enhancement of catalytic efficiency by directed evolution

Chlorothalonil hydrolytic dehalogenase (Chd) is one of two reported hydrolytic dehalogenases for halogenated aromatics, and its catalysis is independent of coenzyme A and ATP. Earlier studies have established that the catalytic activity of Chd requires zinc ions. In this study, the metal center of Chd was systematically investigated. The metal content of Chd was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and there were 2.14 equivalents of zinc/mol of protein, indicating that Chd contains a binuclear (Zn2+-Zn2+) center. It was found that other divalent cations, such as cobalt (Co2+) and cadmium (Cd2+), could substitute zinc (Zn2+) leading to relative activities of 91.6% and 120.0%, whereas manganese (Mn2+) and calcium (Ca2+) could substitute Zn2+ leading to relative activities of 29.1% and 57.0%, respectively. The enzymatic properties of these different metal ion-substituted Chd variants were also compared. Error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling methods were applied to directly evolve Chd to generate variants with higher catalytic efficiencies of chlorothalonil. Enhanced Chd variants were selected based on the formation of clear haloes on Luria-Bertani plates supplemented with chlorothalonil. One variant, Q146R/N168Y/S303G, exhibited a 4.43-fold increase in catalytic efficiency, showing the potential for application in the dehalogenation and detoxification of chlorothalonil contaminated-sites.
Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis: An Investigation of the History of Matter, from the Big Bang to the Present

This book investigates the question of how matter has evolved since its origin in the Big Bang, from the cosmological synthesis of hydrogen and helium to the generation of the complex set of nuclei that comprise our world and our selves. A central theme is the evolution of gravitationally contained thermonuclear reactors, otherwise known as stars. Our current understanding is presented systematically and quantitatively, by combining simple analytic models with new state-of-the-art computer simulations. The narrative begins with the clues (primarily the solar system abundance pattern), the constraining physics (primarily nuclear and particle physics), and the thermo-nuclear burning in the Big Bang itself. It continues with a step-by-step description of how stars evolve by nuclear reactions, a critical investigation of super-nova explosion mechanisms and the formation of neutron stars and of black holes, and an analysis of how such explosions appear to astronomers (illustrated by comparison with recent observations). It concludes with a synthesis of these ideas for galactic evolution, with implications for nucleosynthesis in the first generation of stars and for the solar system abun
Reconceiving writing, rethinking writing instruction

Contents: J. Petraglia, Introduction: General Writing Skills Instruction and Its Discontents. Part I:The Tension Between Writing and Writing Instruction: Historical Perspectives. R. Connors, The New Abolitionism: Toward a Historical Background. M.D. Goggin, The Disciplinary Instability of Composition. Part II:Classroom Writing Within Social and Cognitive Frameworks. D. Russell, Activity Theory and Its Implications for Writing Instruction. J. Petraglia, Writing as an Unnatural Act. C. Geisler, Writing and Learning at Cross Purposes in the Academy. A. Freedman, The What, Where, When, Why, and How of Classroom Genres. C.A. Hill, L. Resnick, Creating Opportunities for Apprenticeship in Writing. Part III:Philosophical Issues in Writing and Writing Instruction. D.J. Royer, Lived Experience and the Problem with Invention on Demand. F. Kemp, Writing Dialogically: Bold Lessons from Electronic Text. Part IV:Alternative Conceptions of Writing Instruction. D.A. Jolliffe, Discourse, Interdiscursivity, and Composition Instruction. D.S. Kaufer, P.L. Dunmire, Integrating Cultural Reflection and Production in College Writing Curricula. L. Brannon, (Dis)Missing Compulsory First-Year Composition. C. Bazerman, Response: Curricular Responsiblities and Professional Definition.
Classical trajectory and adiabatic channel study of the transition from adiabatic to sudden capture dynamics. III. Dipole-dipole capture

Classical trajectory calculations of ion–permanent quadrupole+induced dipole capture processes are performed over wide ranges of conditions. The results are expressed in two‐parametric analytical form, and analyzed with respect to the transition from sudden to adiabatic dynamics. The results are compared with the statistical adiabatic channel model (SACM). For this purpose, adiabatic channel potential curves are expressed in approximate analytical form. The agreement between classical trajectory and SACM results is excellent in the range of adiabatic quasiclassical motion of the collision partners. Analytical expressions can well describe the temperature variation of the capture rate constant in the transition range between the quantum and classical limits.
Acoustics in marine ecology: innovation in technology expands the use of sound in ocean science

This Theme Section provides an overview of the increasing importance of acoustics in understanding marine ecosystems, and of the scientific and management drivers behind recent development and implementation of acoustic technologies. We focus on 3 issues, which are explored in greater depth by contributions to the Theme Section: (1) passive listening systems to measure and monitor marine ecosystems; (2) active acoustic technologies to explore habitat use and predator-prey behavior; and (3) effects of anthropogenic sound on the marine environment. We call for more explicit consideration and support by international scientific organizations, given the rapid developments in technology and approaches described across the Theme Section, for these essential acoustic research and monitoring efforts, to support basic scientific understanding and adaptive conservation manage- ment.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS RENDAMAN DAUN SINGKONG (Manihot utilissima) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DENGAN METODE ELEKTRIK CAIR

Aedes aegypti is a vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. It’s necessary to find other alternatives for vector control with a method that is more environmentally friendly. Leaves of cassava (Manihot utilissima) contains flavonoids and cyanide can be use for insecticide. Liquid vaporizer selected because free of smoke and dust.This study use an experimental method with Randomized Control Trial design. The sample in this study used Aedes aegypti females aged 3-5 days were full of sugar solution about 960 tails. In this test, performed 4 times repetition. Divided in to 5 concentration , which is 18%, 31%, 39%, 63% and 124% . Mosquitoes exposed for 20 minutes and holding for 24 hours. The sample size for each treatment used 20 mosquitoes. LC50 values obtained 47.82% and LT50 23.44 hours with a level of 95%. Result showed that the most effective concentration as electrical was 39.32%. Communities can grow cassava for controlling Aedes aegypti which is cheap andenvironmentally friendly.
A geostatistical analysis of IBTS data for age 2 North Sea haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) considering daylight effects

Abstract A geostatistical analysis of age 2 North Sea haddock catches from the 1st quarter IBTS (International Bottom Trawl Survey) 1983–1997 is presented. IBTS standard abundance indices are routinely calculated in a way that does not account explicitly for the spatial distribution and night hauls are included in the estimation without any correction for possible daylight effects. In the present study, ordinary kriging was used to correct for sampling irregularities and external drift kriging with a day/night indicator or a cosine function of time of day was applied to account additionally for diurnal differences in the catch rates. Only minor differences between the standard indices and the abundance estimates obtained by ordinary kriging were found. In contrast, the external drift kriging, particularly with time of day, yielded higher estimates of mean abundance for all years with the differences to ordinary kriging being most pronounced for years characterized by a high portion of night hauls and a low mean catch rate at night. This demonstrates that external drift kriging with a day/night indicator but preferably with time of day is capable of compensating successfully for daylight effects and provides a valuable tool for the calculation of survey-based abundance indices.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of phenanthrene-degrading fluorescent Pseudomonas biovars

A total of 41 phenanthrene degraders were isolated from a former coal gasification site by using Pseudomonas-selective Gould's S1 medium. All isolates were found to belong to the fluorescent Pseudomonas group and were subjected to characterization by phenotypic methods, including classical taxonomic tests, API 20NE, and Biolog GN, and the strains were further characterized by the genotypic method repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR). By using classical tests, the population was found to consist of 38 strains belonging to P. fluorescens, 2 P. putida strains, and 1 Pseudomonas sp. Bacteria in phenograms from Biolog GN and REP-PCR data were divided into groups, which were in good agreement with classical test and API 20NE results. We found a nonfluorescent group of 22 bacteria inconsistent with any Pseudomonas sp. in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The group showed small differences in the genotypic test, indicating that all 22 isolates were not recent clones of the same isolate. Analyses of the nonfluorescent group indicated that it belonged to Pseudomonas, but the group could not be affiliated with P. fluorescens because of differences in DNA-DNA hybridization. Identifications using classical tests and API 20NE were found to correlate, but Biolog GN identifications after 24-h incubation resulted very often in the distantly related P. corrugata. The reproducibilities of individual tests of each phenotypic method were assessed, and low reproducibilities were mainly found to be associated with specific Biolog GN test wells. Classical tests and API 20NE proved to be the best for identification of isolates, whereas Biolog GN and REP-PCR were found to be the best tests for high resolution among these closely related isolates.
A multirate digital controller for a 1.5-kW electric vehicle battery charger

This paper describes a power electronic system that, among other possibilities, can be used to charge electric vehicle batteries. A large-signal linear, multirate digital controller for the charging current permits the charger to track and deliver a desired current trajectory for a wide range of loads. This controller simultaneously ensures that the charger draws power from the electric utility with unity power factor. The analytical development of the controller and experimental results from a prototype charger are presented.
Inversion and processing of component and spatial–relational information in faces.

: This study compared effects of inversion on perceptual processing of faces with distorted components (eyes and mouths) and faces distorted by altering spatial relations between components. In a rating task, participants inversion reduced the rated grotesqueness of spatially distorted faces but not that of faces with altered components. In a comparison task, pairs of faces were shown side by side; participants judged whether they were identical or different. Inversion greatly reduced the rate at which participants responded within 3 s to pairs that differed spatially, but not pairs that differed componentially. Also, latencies for detecting spatial differences were lengthened by inversion more than latencies for detecting componential differences. Results support the hypothesis that inversion impairs encoding of spatial-relational information more than, or instead of, componential information, depending on the task.
Effects of KATP openers on the QT prolongation induced by HERG‐blocking drugs in guinea‐pigs

Objectives This work evaluated the potential usefulness of pharmacological activation of cardiac ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (KATP) in the prevention of drug‐induced QT prolongation in anaesthetised guinea‐pigs. Prolongation of cardiac repolarisation and QT interval is an adverse effect of many drugs blocking HERG potassium channels. This alteration can be dangerously arrhythmogenic and has been associated with the development of a particular form of ventricular tachyarrhythmia known as torsade de pointes.
Covariation Bias in Panic-Prone Individuals

Covariation estimates between fear-relevant (FR; emergency situations) or fear-irrelevant (FI; mushrooms and nudes) stimuli and an aversive outcome (electrical shock) were examined in 10 high-fear (panic-prone) and 10 low-fear respondents. When the relation between slide category and outcome was random (illusory correlation), only high-fear participants markedly overestimated the contingency between FR slides and shocks. However, when there was a high contingency of shocks following FR stimuli (83%) and a low contingency of shocks following FI stimuli (17%), the group difference vanished. Reversal of contingencies back to random induced a covariation bias for FR slides in high- and low-fear respondents. Results indicate that panic-prone respondents show a covariation bias for FR stimuli and that the experience of a high contingency between FR slides and aversive outcomes may foster such a covariation bias even in low-fear respondents.
Traumatic memory characteristics: a cross-validated mediational model of response to rape among employed women

In a cross-validated mediational model, the authors examined characteristics of memories formed in response to rape and other intense unpleasant and pleasant experiences. Data were responses to a mailed survey of women medical center and university employees. Measurement models of memory and symptom factors and a structural model with pathways among cognitive appraisal, emotional valence, memory characteristics, and health outcomes were developed in Sample 1 (N = 1,307) and confirmed in Sample 2 (N = 2,142). Rape had substantial direct effects on 2 memory factors (Clarity and Affect) and indirect effects through the construal of victimization. Rape was associated with memories described as more emotionally intense but less clear and coherent and less often thought of or talked about. Most effects on physical symptoms were nonsignificant. Implications of findings for neurohormonal and multiple representation models of emotional memory and to cognitive avoidance are discussed. Language: en
Trouble with Computers: Usefulness, Usability, and Productivity

From the Publisher: Cutting through a raft of technical data, Thomas Landauer explains and illustrates why computers are in trouble and why massive outlays for computing since 1973 have not resulted in comparable productivity payoffs. He marshals overwhelming evidence that computers rarely improve the efficiency of the information work they are designed for because they are too hard to use and do too little that is sufficiently useful. Landauer proposes that emerging techniques for user-centered development can turn the situation around - through task analysis, iterative design, trial use, and evaluation, computer systems can be made into powerful tools for the service economy.
Preformative molt adjustment in phenologically divergent populations of the Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria)

ABSTRACT The extent to which birds invest in a variable molt reflects the interplay between life history phenology and environmental conditions. This study assesses geographic variation in the preformative molt of the Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria) by comparing molt patterns between the Pacific and interior populations of North America which differ in life history phenology by 2 months. Both populations exhibited a strong bimodal pattern in primary replacement where individuals either replaced none or ≥3 primaries. Among individuals that replaced >0 remiges, males molted significantly more remiges than females. The earlier breeding Pacific population contained a significantly greater proportion of individuals that replaced >0 remiges and a significantly greater proportion of individuals that replaced >0 primaries. These results provide observational evidence in support of the early breed – extensive molt hypothesis, which states that the preformative molt is adjusted in response to different photoperiod exposure because of later hatch date. Further experimental research is required to validate this hypothesis.
from Human Liver

A B S T R A C T Sulfite oxidase has been purified to near homogeneity from human liver. Properties of the molecule have been investigated and compared to those of the rat liver enzyme which has been isolated in a pure form. Both proteins exist as dimeric molecules with one molybdenum and one cytochrome b5-type heme per subunit. The human enzyme has a slightly larger subunit molecular weight (61,100 vs. 57,200 daltons) and is a more negatively charged molecule. Decreased reactivity of the human enzyme with various electron acceptors suggests the presence of nonfunctional molybdenum centers in a portion of the molecules isolated. Human liver sulfite oxidase cross-reacts strongly with antibody pre
Effect of Type of Practice in a Computer-Aided Design Environment in Visualizing Three-Dimensional Objects From Two-Dimensional Orthographic Projections

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of practice in manipulating 2- and 3-dimensional (D) wireframe images on a learner's ability to visualize 3-D objects. Practice, either rotational or not, consisted of visualizing 2- and 3-D objects generated by personal computer (PC)-based computer-assisted design software. Results indicated that participants in the rotation treatment group performed significantly better than those in either the nonrotation or control group on measures of spatial ability and 3-D visualization ability. Both treatment groups performed significantly better than the control group on measures of metacognition, effort, and worry. These results support a conclusion that spatial ability can be improved through practice that allows the learner to see the relationship between the 2-D and 3-D features of objects.
Enzymatic Properties and Biological Functions of β1, 4-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III

β1,4-N-アセチルグルコサミン転移酵素III (GnT-II) は糖タンパク質アスパラギン結合型糖鎖の生合成を制御する重要な役割を担う鍵糖転移酵素として知られている。 この酵素が担う調節の役割は、その反応産物すなわちバイセクティングGlcNAcの糖鎖生合成に対する効果に基づいている。 このユニークな構造はコア構造の形成に関与する他の酵素に許容されないため、これらの酵素の反応が阻害されてしまう。 このような抑制的な制御は、バイセクティングGlcNAcの性質やGnT-IIIの広い基質特異性ために起こるのである。 GnT-IIIの過剰発現や異所性発現は細胞機能に様々な重要な変化をもたらすが、いくつかの場合を除き、これがバイセクティングGlcNAc残基の直接的な関与であるか、あるいは生物学的に重要な糖鎖構造の合成阻害によるものであるかはわかっていない。 しかし、GnT-IIIによる著しい構造的な変化が細胞に生物学的な変化を引き起こすことは確かなようである。 このような知見は、GnT-IIIやバイセクティングGlcNAcが細胞の機能に重要な役割をもつということや、N-グリカンが様々な生物学的な現象と関係していることを示唆する。
Reply

This letter is submitted in response to the paper of Grant et al. (1999). A number of scientists have recently published papers demonstrating that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MP), the agent of Johne's disease of cattle, is resistant to heat (Chiodini and Hermon-Taylor 1993; Hope et al. 1996; Meylan et al. 1996; Sung and Collins 1998). Grant et al. (1999) also suggested that the traditional high temperature short time pasteurization of milk (HTST, 72 C for 15 s) could be insuf®cient to protect public health. Furthermore, their data imply that there would be a greater kill of MP if the heating time was increased by 5±10 s at 72 C as opposed to increasing the temperature by 13 C. The suggestion that MP might be involved in Crohn's disease has not yet been demonstrated. Of course, if a link between MP and Crohn's disease was established and if pasteurization was chosen as a sanitary measure for risk management, knowledge of both the concentration of viable MP cells in raw milk and their thermal resistance would have to be determined in order to achieve an acceptable level of public health protection. Yet the zoonotic character of MP is not established, information on its concentration in raw milk is scarce, and other scientists (Stabel et al. 1997; Keswani and Frank 1998) have published heat resistance results that contradict those of Grant et al. The two groups argue on the way heat resistance measurements should be performed. Heat resistance assessment is a laboratory activity that almost stopped in research laboratories 20 years ago. This letter is therefore intended to reopen the debate and to review evidence that originally suggested that such studies were often futile. Two points will be discussed: the experimental setup, and the in ̄uence of temperature on the treatment ef®ciency.
A new L-arabinose isomerase with copper ion tolerance is suitable for creating protein–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers with enhanced enzyme activity and stability

Protein–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers were prepared using Cu2+, PBS buffer, and a copper ion tolerant L-arabinose isomerase that was derived from Paenibacillus polymyxa (PPAI). The expensive rare sugar L-ribulose or D-tagatose was prepared utilizing these nanoflowers with L-arabinose or D-galactose as the substrate, respectively. The PPAI hybrid nanoflowers showed better enzyme stabilities in both thermal and acidic conditions. Meanwhile, long term batch production was successful showing high stability using these hybrid nanoflowers, which achieved a conversion rate of 61.8% from L-arabinose to L-ribulose.
SEASONAL INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT ON THE FLORISTIC COMPOSITION OF THE ALGAL PERIPHYTIC COMMUNITY IN A SHALLOW TROPICAL, MESOTROPHIC RESERVOIR (SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL)

Effects of N and/or P experimental addition on species richness and floristic composition of periphytic algal community in a shallow, mesotrophic reservoir was evaluated four times during the year (spring, summer, fall and winter). Four treatments were designed using nutrient diffusing substrates (polystyrene vials filled up with agar solution and nutrients – control: no nutrient addition, N+: 0.75 M, P+: 0.05 M and NP+: combined addition of N and P, molar N:P ratio = 15). Vial mouth was covered with a 20 μm mesh cloth for periphyton colonization. Samplings were performed on the 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th days of colonization. Two hundred and three taxa were identified; Chlorophyceae was the dominant group. Species richness per sample varied from 33 to 66 and was greater during summer and fall, mostly influenced by the time of the year than by nutrient treatment. Community similarity was mainly determined by the kind of treatment, grouping algal associations of (1) control, (2) P+ and NP+ treatments and (3) N+ treatment. TWINSPAN analysis indicated that hierarchic classification of species was defined by P availability. Species and classes richness were not sensitive to changes due to nutrient enrichment, nitrogen amendments markedly contributing to the total species numbers, whereas species associations were clearly influenced by P availability. Present results indicated that the reservoir, due to its shallowness and prevalence of littoral biota, may have profound changes in its native associations with P inputs.