Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined RBFN based MPPT and d-axis stator current control for permanent magnet synchronous generators

This paper proposes a new radial basis function neural network maximum power point tracking controller based on a differential evolution algorithm for machine side converter of permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine under variable wind speed. Direct axis stator current control methods of permanent magnet synchronous machine are reviewed shortly. A combined radial basis function neural network-based network maximum power point tracking method and d axis stator current control techniques including zero d axis stator current, unity power factor, and constant stator flux-linkage have been implemented to control the machine side converter of permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine. The dynamic performance of the proposed approach is assessed under different operating conditions through a simulation model based on MATLAB. It has been seen that the radial basis function neural network controller can not only track well the maximum power point but also can be reduced costly.
Implementing technological and organisational innovations and management of core competencies: lessons from the automotive industry

The paper is focused on the new features of the OEM-supplier relationship in the context of the so-called modular assembly approach, presented as a major change in the design of the vehicle and its manufacturing process, with transfer of key responsibilities to the suppliers. This is largely considered as the current unavoidable best practice in Europe and in the USA. Such evolution shows an in-depth transformation of the industrial organisation, thus of the rules of the game within the whole value chain. The paper is based on an in-depth case study of the Japanese industry carried out through interviews with key decision makers and academic researchers during two visits to Japan in May and November 1999.
FUNCTION OF VOLTAGE-GATED IONIC CHANNELS

In this paper, we investigate dynamics of voltage-gated ionic channels which are of great importance in integrating the information received by neurons. Understanding of dynamical behavior of voltage-gated ionic channels plays a major role for determining underlying mechanism of spike activity and predicting the neuronal behavior. Investigation is carried out based on Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) mathematical formalism. Ionic channel gate model is discussed briefly. Relaxation phenomenon is studied in the gate variables. Then effects of temperature on dynamics of gate variables are examined. Finally voltage-clamped simulations are carried out to determine their dynamic behaviors based on squid giant axon.
Bacterioplankton Community as a Biological Element for Reservoirs Water Quality Assessment

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is used to evaluate the water quality of aquatic ecosystems. Phytoplankton is the only biological element considered in the reservoirs water quality assessment. In this study, we aimed to assess the use of the bacterioplankton community as an indicator of water quality, using a culture-independent assay (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE). Four Portuguese reservoirs (Miranda, Pocinho, Aguieira and Alqueva) were analysed in four periods (autumn 2018, spring and autumn 2019, and spring 2020). Bacterial total abundance had similar values for Miranda, Pocinho and Aguieira, and generally lower values for Alqueva. Diversity and richness values did not show a clear trend. Negative correlations were observed between some nutrients and the bacterial community. Overall, members of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Nitrospirae and Proteobacteria were identified in all sampling sites. In Alqueva, no spatial, temporal or water body quality relationships with bacterial community were observed, which may be due to its higher size, low water velocity rate and higher residence times. However, in Miranda, Pocinho and Aguieira, a strong spatial and temporal bacterial community dynamic was observed. Furthermore, the presence of some species (e.g., Acinetobacter sp.) may reflect the poor water quality that was not detected by the WFD approach.
An illustration of the optimization of combined cooling heating and power systems using genetic algorithm

The performances of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system are greatly dependent on its design, operation strategy and thermal and electric demands. This paper illustrates how the use of a genetic algorithm can provide speedy optimization, by applying it to two styles of buildings operated in different operation strategies. The primary energy consumptions of CCHP system following electric demand management (EDM) and thermal demand management (TDM) are firstly analyzed respectively. Then, sixteen hypothetical buildings are constructed to represent various energy demands. Primary energy saving (PES), annual total cost saving (ATCS), and CO2 emission reduction (CO2ER), are weighted to evaluate the integrated performances of CCHP system in comparison to separation production system. Finally, the optimized CCHP system for sixteen scenarios using GA are compared. Practical application: This paper provides an optimization design method for CCHP system. The performance analysis of CCHP systems running different operation modes for different buildings is believed by the authors to contribute to a significant guide for the fundamental design of CCHP systems. Although sensitivity to a number of other important design considerations such equipment performance, possible future changes in operating conditions, changes to the price or carbon intensity of grid-supplied energy etc are not addressed, the conclusions present a simple and effective direction and the proposed optimization algorithm and the evaluation method for CCHP system can be extended to other buildings.
Unravelling the Role of Piriformospora indica in Combating Water Deficiency by Modulating Physiological Performance and Chlorophyll Metabolism-Related Genes in Cucumis sativus

Water stress is the most critical aspect restricting the development of agriculture in regions with scarce water resources, which requires enhancing irrigation water-saving strategies. The current work discusses the potential application of the plant-strengthening root endophyte Piriformospora indica against moderate (25% less irrigation water) and severe (50% less irrigation water) water stress in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers. P. indica improved growth, nutrient content, and photosynthesis apparatus under normal or water-stress conditions. On the other hand, moderate and severe water stress reduced yield up to 47% and 83%, respectively, in non-colonized cucumber plants, while up to 28 and 78%, respectively, in P. indica-colonized plants. In terms of water-use efficiency (WUE), P. indica improved the WUE of colonized cucumber plants grown under moderate (26 L/kg) or severe stress (73 L/kg) by supporting colonized plants in producing higher yield per unit volume of water consumed by the crop in comparison to non-colonized plants under the same level of moderate (43 L/kg) or severe (81 L/kg) water stress. Furthermore, P. indica increased the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, activity levels of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) with an apparent clear reduction in the abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents and stomatal closure compared to non-stressed plants under both water-stress levels. In addition, chlorophyll a, b, a + b contents were increased in the leaves of the colonized plants under water-stress conditions. This improvement in chlorophyll content could be correlated with a significant increment in the transcripts of chlorophyll biosynthesis genes (protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase [POR], chlorophyll a oxygenase [CAO]) and a reduction in the chlorophyll degradation genes (PPH, pheophorbide a oxygenase [PAO], and red chlorophyll catabolite reductase [RCCR]). In conclusion, P. indica has the potential to enhance the cucumber yield grown under moderate water stress rather than severe water stress by improving WUE and altering the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and chlorophyll metabolism-related genes.
Masculinity and Men’s Suicide Attempts in Bangladesh

Abstract Drawing on Raewyn Connell’s theoretical notion of hegemonic masculinity, this study examines relations between masculinity and suicide attempts in Bangladesh. In-depth interviews were conducted with 17 men from the Jhenaidah district, who had previously attempted suicide. Participants discussed how “real men” were expected to be primary providers, demonstrate their material power and sexual prowess. However, the men disclosed that they encountered difficulties in achieving these versions of hegemonic masculinity in their real lives. Within this context, suicide attempts operated as a redemptive means to overcome perceived masculine “crises. ” These findings demonstrate that suicide is a socially and culturally constituted phenomenon, which should be understood beyond an individualized and mental health framework. Suicide intervention strategies in Bangladesh must include critical analyses of masculinities, as well as measures to change rigid processes of gendered socialization.
Analyzing the Spatial Heterogeneity of the Built Environment and Its Impact on the Urban Thermal Environment—Case Study of Downtown Shanghai

Ongoing urban expansion has accelerated the explosive growth of urban populations and has led to a dramatic increase in the impervious surface area within urban areas. This, in turn, has exacerbated the surface heat island effect within cities. However, the importance of the surface heat island effect within urban areas, scilicet the intra-SUHI effect, has attracted less concern. The aim of this study was to quantitatively explore the relationship between the spatial heterogeneity of a built environment and the intra-urban surface heat island (intra-SUHI) effect using the thermally sharpened land surface temperature (LST) and high-resolution land-use classification products. The results show that at the land parcel scale, the parcel-based relative intensity of intra-SUHI should be attributed to the land parcels featured with differential land developmental intensity. Furthermore, the partial least squares regression (PLSR) modeling quantified the relative importance of the spatial heterogeneity indices of the built environment that exhibit a negative contribution to decreasing the parcel-based intra-SUHI effect or a positive contribution to increasing the intra-SUHI effect. Finally, based on the findings of this study, some practical countermeasures towards mitigating the adverse intra-SUHI effect and improving urban climatic adaption are discussed.
A Novel and Compact Multi Frequency-Agile Slot Antenna for Cognitive Radio Systems

A novel and compact frequency- agile slot antenna is presented. The antenna is switchable between 5.03-6.90GHz at twenty four different frequencies and is capable to operate multi frequency at a time. The proposed antenna has two slots etched out, one in the ground plane and another in the patch. To attain frequency agility, the effective lengths of these slots are altered by use of four p-i-n diodes which are placed within these slots at predetermined positions. Results such as return losses, gain, bandwidth and radiation patterns are presented in this paper.
Can analysts see through goodwill bubbles? The impact of goodwill on analysts’ forecasts

ABSTRACT In recent years, the amount of goodwill has been increased dramatically and become one of the difficult problems in academic and accounting practice. This paper focuses on the impact of goodwill on analysts’ forecasts. It is found that goodwill can increase the optimism and decrease the accuracy of analysts’ forecasts because of its low quality. Goodwill recognised initially in bull market or from the M&A without founder-chairman or founder-CEO contains more bubbles and tends to be lower quality. The more the bubbles, the larger the optimism or the errors of analysts’ forecasts. In order to exclude the alternative explanations, we also, respectively, take cross-sectional tests to control the number of analysts, the number of star analysts, and whether there is M&A in year t, and then further examine the dynamic changes between goodwill and analysts’ forecasts.
Biological treatment of dairy industry wastewater in a suspended growth batch reactor: performance evaluation and biodegradation kinetics

Abstract This research work was carried out to evaluate the kinetic constants for the biological treatment of dairy industry wastewater in a suspended growth batch reactor. The study was performed in a lab-scale batch reactor which is a prototype of an aeration tank unit of the activated sludge system. Samples of dairy wastewater were collected from a dairy plant near Kolkata on regular time interval and in different seasons of a year to establish mean values of the major wastewater parameters. A synthetic simulated sample was made on the basis of evaluated characteristics of dairy wastewater. Kinetics study in batch reactor was done to find kinetic coefficients (Y, Ks, kd and k). The value of the maximum substrate removal rate (k) at preliminary concentration of COD 700–720 mg/L was 4.42 day−1; half velocity constant (Ks) was 206.81 mg/L and k value at initial NH4 +–N level of 48–54 mg/L was found 2.5 per day, Ks was 24.5 mg/L. Isolation and identification of the most potent strains for the carbon oxidation and nitrification was also done and by using those isolated strains kinetic coefficients for pure culture was determined.
More crops whilst saving drops using an optimization model—A case from Bangladesh *

This study aims to determine the optimal use of irrigation water and irrigable area in the Karnafuli Irrigation Project (KIP) of Bangladesh by developing an optimization model using linear programming. The project consists of two units, namely, Halda and Ichamati, and the units are fed with Karnafuli river water. Required data were collected from several government offices and from the CMIP5 model. Considering existing cropping practice, irrigation supply, and future climate, the optimization model was run for four different scenarios. Climate change‐induced effects appeared as non‐significant in the optimization. In the Halda Unit, the existing cropping intensity is 136%, whereas optimal cropping intensity can be increased up to 200%. In the Ichamati Unit, optimal cropping intensity for all scenarios is in between 175% and 200%, where the existing intensity is 150%. An increase in cropping intensity in both the units in optimal scenarios results in higher benefits. At the same time, the implementation of the optimal situation in the KIP can save 20% of the diverted water, indicating the possibility of greater yields and subsequent greater benefits even if the existing water supply is saved. The outcomes of the research have been communicated to the regional extension office for implementation.
Spatial Correlation for DoA Characterization Using Von Mises, Cosine, and Gaussian Distributions

This paper presents mathematical expressions for the spatial correlation between elements of linear and circular antenna arrays, considering cosine, Gaussian, and Von Mises distributions, for the direction of arrival (DoA) of the electromagnetic waves at the receiver antenna. The expressions obtained for the Von Mises distribution can include or not the mutual coupling effect between the elements and are simpler than those obtained for the cosine and the Gaussian distributions of the angle of arrival. The Von Mises distribution produces spatial correlation expressions in terms of Bessel and trigonometric functions. An exact expression for the spatial correlation, taking into account the mutual coupling, for the circular and linear arrays and an arbitrary number of elements are presented. It can be verified, by numerical evaluation of the expressions, that the coupling between the elements correlates the electromagnetic field, and a separation of half wavelength could not be enough to decorrelate them.
A Discretionary Toolkit: Reasoning When Teaching Controversial Issues in Norwegian Upper Secondary School

Using a toolkit approach in combination with the concept of street-level bureaucracy and theories of discretion, this article has empirically investigated the resources that influence teachers’ discretionary reasoning when teaching controversial issues. The analysis has been based on 32 classroom observations at two upper secondary schools in Oslo, Norway, in one Religion and Ethics and one Social Science class, and interviews with 16 teachers who taught the same subjects. The results have shown that professional competence, professional and personal values, and relationships with pupils worked as a toolkit of resources that teachers could draw upon when making discretionary judgments in different contexts. A better understanding of teachers’ use of discretionary reasoning may enable curriculum developers and policymakers to support teachers in the complex social landscape of teaching controversial issues.
Performance Enhancement of SMR-Based Deduplication Systems

Due to the fast-growing amount of data and cost consideration, shingled-magnetic-recording (SMR) drives are developed to provide low-cost and high-capacity data storage by enhancing the areal-density of hard disk drives, and (data) deduplication techniques are getting popular in data-centric applications to reduce the amount of data that need to be stored in storage devices by eliminating the duplicate data chunks. However, directly applying deduplication techniques on SMR drives could significantly decrease the runtime performance of the deduplication system because of the time-consuming SMR space reclamation caused by the sequential write constraint of SMR drives. In this article, an SMR-aware deduplication scheme is proposed to improve the runtime performance of SMR-based deduplication systems with the consideration of the sequential write constraint of SMR drives. Moreover, to bridge the information gap between the deduplication system and the SMR drive, the lifetime information of data chunks is extracted to separate data chunks of different lifetimes in different places of SMR drives, so as to further reduce the SMR space reclamation overhead. A series of experiments was conducted with a set of realistic deduplication workloads. The results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the runtime performance of the SMR-based deduplication system with limited system overheads.
Interval-Arithmetic-Based Robust Control of Fully Actuated Mechanical Systems

We propose a control approach for fully actuated mechanical systems using interval arithmetic, which guarantees global uniform ultimate boundedness of the tracking error and robust performance despite model uncertainties and input disturbances. Existing robust control methods often require computationally expensive or empirical estimations of bounds of state-dependent, nonlinear perturbations, arising from model mismatches. Our robust feedback control approach is different and removes these difficulties by using interval arithmetic to determine online the worst case perturbation acting on the error dynamics. We present two interval-arithmetic-based robust controllers by robustifying inverse-dynamics and passivity-based nominal control schemes. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated on a real robot manipulator with uncertain dynamics.
Study of Low‐Voltage Ride‐Through Performance for Wind Power Generation with Doubly Fed Induction Generator

The introduction of wind power generation is increasing rapidly. The ratio of wind power generation to the total generation capacity is becoming higher and higher. When a phase‐to‐phase fault occurs in the power system, the frequency of the power system is lower due to disconnection of wind power generation with doubly fed induction generators (DFIG). Therefore, the power system might become unstable. This paper describes an LVRT (low‐voltage ride‐through) performance improvement scheme for wind power generation with DFIG. The wind power generator is disconnected from the grid in case of a power system fault. It is made to operate in isolation from the grid by controlling the inverters installed with the generators. After clearance of the power system fault, wind power generation is immediately reconnected to the grid. As a result, instability in the power system disappears. The performance of LVRT is confirmed by using the simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results show excellent results for the three‐phase short‐circuit fault with a voltage dip of 100%. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 185(1): 17–26, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22423
Wisual: Indoor Crowd Density Estimation and Distribution Visualization Using Wi-Fi

Driven by the Internet of Things (IoT), many device-free crowd density estimation techniques can roughly estimate the crowd density based on the relationship between the dynamic crowd and the variation of wireless signals. However, they cannot distinguish the path information of different persons in a fine-grained manner. In this article, we propose Wisual, a channel state information (CSI)-based device-free crowd density estimation framework and can visualize the distribution of people. The major challenge of Wisual is how to extract proper quantifiable indexes to distinguish the path information of multiple targets and maximize the resolution of crowd density estimation. To address this challenge, Wisual first presents a method for estimating the frequency of the CSI propagation path (FoC) for the moving persons and constructs a joint multifeature parameter (JMFP) spectrum matrix with the other two parameters. Then the multitarget spectrum matrix is put into a proposed deep-learning model called CSI stream 3-D convolutional neural networks (CS-3DCNNs) for implementing crowd density estimation and the target path information differentiation. Finally, Wi-Fi imaging is implemented based on the 2-D-MUSIC algorithm, which shows the approximate distribution situation of indoor persons through the spectrograms. The experimental results in typical real-world scenes demonstrate that Wisual can forecast the crowd density with 98% precision and accurately display the frequency spectra of moving persons. Besides, the results also prove the superior effectiveness, scalability, and generalizability of the proposed framework.
Finite-difference frequency-domain algorithm for modeling guided-wave properties of substrate integrated waveguide

In multilayer microwave integrated circuits such as low-temperature co-fired ceramics or multilayered printed circuit boards, waveguide-like structures can be fabricated by using periodic metallic via-holes referred to as substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). Such SIW structures can largely preserve the advantages of conventional rectangular waveguides such as high-Q factor and high power capacity. However, they are subject to leakage due to periodic gaps, which potentially results in wave attenuation. Therefore, such a guided-wave modeling problem becomes a very complicated complex eigenvalue problem. Since the SIW are bilaterally unbounded, absorbing boundary conditions should be deployed in numerical algorithms. This often leads to a difficult complex root-extracting problem of a transcend equation. In this paper, we present a novel finite-difference frequency-domain algorithm with a perfectly matched layer and Floquet's theorem for the analysis of SIW guided-wave problems. In this scheme, the problem is converted into a generalized matrix eigenvalue problem and finally transformed to a standard matrix eigenvalue problem that can be solved with efficient subroutines available. This approach has been validated by experiment.