Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ORMOCARPUM COCHINCHINENSE EXTRACTS ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION CAUSING BACTERIA

Objective: The present study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts of Ormocarpum cochinchinense. Methods: The leaf powder was extracted by sequential extraction method using chloroform, acetone, and methanol. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts was done using standard methods. The dried extracts were screened for antibacterial activity using disk diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Results: The acetone extract showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phlobatannins, and saponins. Methanol extract contained flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The chloroform extract contained steroids. The chloroform extract did not show any activity, whereas the acetone extract showed significant activity against all the bacteria with a MIC value of 0.080 mg/ml against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 15380) and 0.18 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus (meticillin resistant). The methanol extract showed very less activity. Conclusion: The present study has proved the antibacterial potency of O. cochinchinense for the first time. This plant is a potential source of antimicrobial agents of the future. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Phytochemical analysis, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Ormocarpum cochinchinense, Acetone extract.
Developing a conservation evidence-base for the Critically Endangered Hainan gibbon ('Nomascus hainanus')

The Critically Endangered Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) is the world’s rarest ape, with a single population of an estimated 25 individuals surviving in approximately 15 km² of suboptimal forest within Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China. The existing biological evidence-base for the species is inadequate for conservation planning, precluding evaluation of appropriate recovery actions. I derived comprehensive new baseline data on Hainan gibbon ecology, behaviour and genetics to clarify the species’ biology and population status, and inform urgently required conservation management for the species. Rigorous re-evaluation of Hainan gibbon spatial requirements indicated the species’ home range is much smaller than previously estimated (c. 1.5 km²) and in line with closely related Nomascus species in similar ecological conditions. Molecular assessment of the genetic status of the surviving population within the context of the species’ historical genetic diversity revealed that the Hainan gibbon has suffered a significant decline in genetic diversity following its past population bottleneck. The current population also shows a high level of relatedness and male-biased offspring sex ratio. Predictive models examining reportedly ‘anomalous’ Hainan gibbon ecological and behavioural traits within a phylogenetic framework indicated that large, polygynous groups may be evolutionarily characteristic for the species, but home range requirements are influenced by both intrinsic factors and current extrinsic conditions. Finally, Population Viability Analysis demonstrated that the species is highly likely to become extinct in the near future without active management, and that multiple actions mitigating extrinsic threats, enhancing habitat carrying capacity and improving survivorship will be required to reduce extinction risk. Together, these findings suggest that landscape-level management actions and intensive manipulation of the population may be necessary to safeguard the future of the Hainan gibbon. This research also has wider implications for improved understanding of gibbon ecology and conservation of species of extreme rarity.
Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual

Preface Dedication Chapter 1: Antibody Structure And Function Chapter 2: Antibody-Antigen Interactions Chapter 3: Choosing Antibodies Chapter 4: Handling Antibodies Storing Antibodies Purifying Antibodies Labeling Antibodies Chapter 5: Staining Cells Major Constraints Choosing The Correct Antibody Protocols For Immunostaining Of Tissue Culture Cells Variations On The Immunostaining Procedure Chapter 6: Staining Tissues Major Constraints Choosing the Correct Antibody Immunostaining Tissues With Polyclonal Or Monoclonal Antibodies Protocols For Staining Tissue Sections Variations For Staining Yeast Variations For Staining Drosophila Protocols For Antigen Retrieval Chapter 7: Immunoprecipitation Major Constraints Choosing The Correct Antibody Immunoprecipitation Protocols Variations On The Immunoprecipitation Procedure Chapter 8: Immunoblotting Major Constraints Choosing The Correct Antibody Immunoblotting Protocols Variations In The Detection Methods Variations In The Immunoblotting Technique Chapter 9: Immunoaffinity Purification Major Constraints Choosing The Correct Antibody Immunoaffinity Purification With Polyclonal And Monoclonal Antibodies Protocols For Immunoaffinity Purification Variations On Immunoaffinity Purification Chapter 10: Tagging Proteins Major Constraints Why Tag Your Protein Tags For Protein Detection Tags For Protein Purification Choosing The Right Tag Deciding Where To Position The Tag How To Tag Your Protein Chapter 11: Epitope Mapping Determining The Structural Requirements Of An Epitope Choosing An Epitope-mapping Method Mapping By Competition Assay Mapping By Expression Of Gene Fragments Mapping Using Synthetic Peptides Synthesis Or Purchase Of The Peptide Set Alternate Approaches To Epitope Mapping Appendix I: Electrophoresis Appendix II: Protein Techniques Appendix III: General Information Appendix IV: Cautions Appendix V: Trademarks Appendix VI: Suppliers
Reactivation of the cell cycle in terminally differentiated cells

Preface. 1. Myocyte Proliferation in Heart Failure J. Kajstura, A. Leri, A. Beltrami, C.A. Beltrami, E.H. Sonnenblick, P. Anversa. 2. Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Apoptosis K. Pasumarthi, A.I. Daud, L.J. Field. 3. Cell Cycle Reactivation in Cardiac Myocytes W. MacLellan, M.D. Schneider. 4. Cell Cycle Reactivation in Skeletal Muscle and Other Terminally Differentiated Cells A. Sacco, D. Pajalunga, L. Latella, F. Siepi, A. Rufini, M. Crescenzi. 5. Reversal of Terminally Differentiated State in Skeletal Myocytes by SV40 Large T Antigen T. Endo. 6. Cellular Dedifferentiaton During Regeneration: The Amphibian Muscle System E. Tanaka. Index.
Human Blood T Cells: Response to Phytohemagglutinin

Evidence has accumulated to indicate that two different populations of lymphocytes are responsible for immunologic responsiveness. The functional characteristics of these cells appear to differ; thymic-derived or T lymphocytes3 are associated with cellular immune responses whereas B lymphocytes (probably bone marrow-derived or bursa-dependent) have been implicated in humoral aspects of the immune response (1). The isolation and characterization of T and B lymphocytes are essential for a full assessment of their functions. Recently surface markers on lymphocytes have provided a tool for identifying their origin. With direct immunofluorescent technique, lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulins have been shown in animals to be bone marrow- or bursa-derived, whereas lymphocytes of thymic origins are not stained by this technique (2–4). On the basis of this distinction it has been suggested that human peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing immunoglobulins are also B cells (5).
Taiwanofungus, a polypore new genus

Taiwanofungus Sheng H. Wu, Z.H. Yu, Y.C. Dai & C.H. Su is proposed as a new genus of lignicolous polypore, and Ganoderma comphoratum M. Zang & C.H. Su is designated as its generic type. New combinations for two species of Taiwanofungus are presented: T. camphoratus (M. Zang & C.H. Su) Sheng H. Wu, Z.H. Yu, Y.C. Dai & C.H. Su, and T. salmoneus (T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou) Sheng H. Wu, Z.H. Yu, Y.C. Dai & C.H. Su. Taiwanofungus camphoratus is known in Taiwan as “niu-chang-chih”. Taiwanofungus shares many common charaters with Antrodia and Antrodiella. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data derived from LSU rDNA indicates that Taiwanofungus camphoratus neither clusters with Antrodia, nor with Antrodiella. Taiwanofungus camphoratus is known only occurring in Taiwan and on trunk of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay. This fungus is well known by its medicinal uses and high economic value. Taiwanofungus camphoratus was first named Ganoderma comphoratum in 1990. Antrodia cinnamomea T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou was presented for the same species in 1995. Antrodia camphorata (Zang & Su) Sheng H. Wu, Ryvarden & T.T. Chang, new combination proposed in 1997 based on Ganoderma comphoratum, has been widely applied to this fingus.
Effects of dietary NDF concentration on milk yield and composition in dairy goats in mid-late lactation

Fourteen Sarda goats in mid-late lactation were housed in individual pens where they received a common total mixed ration (TMR) during the preliminary period (21 d). During the experimental period (24 d) the goats were divided in two isoproductive groups and fed differentiated TMR: one group received a high NDF-low no fibre carbohydrate (NFC) total mixed ration (H-NDF diet = 44.7% NDF, 29.3% NFC, DM basis), while the other received a low NDF-high NFC total mixed ration (L-NDF diet = 36.9% NDF, 36.0% NFC, DM basis). These differences were achieved substituting ground corn and barley grains with beet pulp shreds and soybean hulls. Both diets contained 50% of dehydrated chopped alfalfa on a DM basis. Soybean meal completed the diets. Dry matter intake was higher in the H-NDF group, while dietary energy intake and body weight variations did not differ significantly between the two groups. Milk yield was significantly higher in the L-NDF group, while milk protein and milk urea were higher in the H-NDF group. Milk fat concentration and somatic cell count did not differ between groups, while milk fat and milk protein yields were higher in the L-NDF group. These results are in clear contrast to what was previously observed in sheep, fed diets similar to the ones used here, in which H-NDF diets induced higher milk yield than L-NDF ones.
Analysing how the Arabidopsis circadian network responds to temperature

The circadian clock is an endogenous 24 hours oscillator found within many organisms. It is involved in controlling gene regulation so that different processes are activated at specific times of the day. The clock maintains regular cycles with a period of approximately 24 hours in a range of conditions such as changing environmental temperature. In the past decade, great steps forward have been made in understanding the network of genes that control the circadian clock, and how these are able to maintain their rhythm in a range of conditions. However, existing models are still limited by which conditions they can accurately simulate. Here it was shown that the topology of the circadian clock in Arabidopsis thaliana changes with changing environmental temperature. This was initially investigated using transcriptomic data from ATH1 arrays. This analysis showed that plant buffering to a changing environmental temperature is controlled at a systems level and are not just controlled by a few genes. These changes occur broadly across different biological functions. However, an in-depth analysis suggests temperature responses are primarily regulated by a balancing act between transcription, translation and protein degradation. Further analysis also identified 13 genes important for temperature compensation. This was confirmed using a delayed fluorescence screen to analysis the circadian rhythm it mutants where these genes had their expression knocked out. Using a large luciferase data set, it was demonstrated how circadian genes were expressed relative to each other. Initial cluster results suggested that whilst several genes were repeatedly clustered together at different temperatures, the clustering of many genes changed with temperature. This data was then used to create networks using network inference software, which mathematically predicts gene relationships. Network inference successfully recreated networks similar to existing models. However the networks produced for each temperature had significant differences.
Molecular biogeography of grasses and tropical grasslands

Les graminees (Poaceae) sont une tres grande famille cosmopolite de plantes. Dans la these presentee ici, j'ai utilise des methodes moleculaires pour analyser leur histoire biogeographique. Le premier chapitre s'interesse aux determinants de la dispersion dans la sous-tribu temperee Loliinae. La distance apparait comme le facteur dominant. Le deuxieme chapitre presente une analyse des origines des graminees de Madagascar. Les resultats montrent deux grandes radiations in situ de graminees C3 et une immigration repetee de graminees C4, soutenant l'existence de savanes malgaches avant la presence humaine. Le troisieme chapitre resout la position d'une lignee C3 d'Asie a l'aide de la phylogenomique, avec des implications pour l'evolution de la photosynthese C4 et des savanes tropicales. Le quatrieme chapitre presente une methode de meta-barcoding pour l'analyse des communautes d'endophytes fongiques associees aux graminees a Madagascar, demontrant des limitations methodologiques.
Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic (3rd edition)

A complete list of all alien taxa ever recorded in the flora of the Czech Republic is presented as an update of the original checklist published in 2002. New data accumulated in the last decade are incorporated and the listing and status of some taxa are reassessed based on improved knowledge. Alien flora of the Czech Republic consists of 1454 taxa listed with information on their taxonomic position, life history, geographic origin (or mode of origin, distinguishing anecophyte and hybrid), invasive status (casual; naturalized but not invasive; invasive), residence time status (archaeophyte vs neophyte), mode of introduction into the country (accidental, deliberate), and date of the first record. Additional information on species performance that was not part of the previous catalogue, i.e. on the width of species’ habitat niches, their dominance in invaded communities, and impact, is provided. The Czech alien flora consists of 350 (24.1%) archaeophytes and 1104 (75.9%) neophytes. The increase in the total number of taxa compared to the previous catalogue (1378) is due to addition of 151 taxa and removal of 75 (39 archaeophytes and 36 neophytes), important part of the latter being the reclassification of 41 taxa as native, mostly based on archaeobotanical evidence. The additions represent taxa newly recorded since 2002 and reported in the national literature; taxa resulting from investigation of sources omitted while preparing the previous catalogue; redetermination of previously reported taxa; reassessment of some taxa traditionally considered native for which the evidence suggests the opposite; and inclusion of intraspecific taxa previously not recognized in the flora. There are 44 taxa on the list that are reported in the present study for the first time as aliens introduced to the Czech Republic or escaped from cultivation.
Alternating Dependency of Cytokinin Activity on the Number of Methylene Units in ω-Phenylalkyl Derivatives of Some Purine Cytokinins and 4-Substituted Pyrido[3, 4-d]pyrimidme

ω-Phenylalkyl derivatives of N6-substituted adenine, N6-substituted adenosine and 6-alkoxy-purine with odd numbers of methylenes had relatively high activity, while the corresponding 2-methyl-4-substituted-aminopyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines with even numbers of methylenes had high activity in an Amaranthus betacyanin test and lettuce seed germination test. These results suggest that the ω-phenyl groups of the cytokinins play a specific role for cytokinin-receptor binding and that the pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines interact with a receptor in a different binding mode.
Acute effects of food products containing pulse flours or fractions, on glycemic response, insulin, appetite, and food intake in healthy young adults

Background: The glycemic benefits of consuming whole pulses alone are retained when consumed in a mixed meal, pureed, and ground into flours; however, whether pulse flours and ingredients retain the benefits of whole pulses when incorporated into extruded products is unknown. Objective: Assess the effects of replacing corn in extruded snacks and oat in extruded cereals with pulse ingredients on postprandial glycaemia, insulin, appetite, physical comfort, energy/fatigue, and food intake. Design: In two randomized, repeated-measures crossover studies, adults consumed six extruded snacks (n = 26) or cereals (n = 26). Extruded snacks were made with corn flour (control), whole yellow pea flour, split yellow pea flour, green lentil flour, chickpea flour, and pinto bean flour. Extruded cereals were made with oat flour (control), oat plus pea starch (starch), oat plus protein (protein), oat plus starch plus protein (starch+protein). Participants completed validated visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires to measure subjective appetite, physical comfort, and energy/fatigue. Blood samples were taken throughout each session and food intake was measured at a pizza meal at 120 min. Blood and VAS measures were assessed pre-pizza (0-120 min) and post-pizza (140-200 min) meal. Results: Pinto bean and chickpea snacks led to lower (p < 0.05) pre-pizza meal blood glucose (BG) incremental area under the curve (iAUC), compared with control, whole yellow pea and green lentil snacks. Consumption of the pinto bean snack also led to lower (p<0.05) pre-pizza meal BG iAUC compared with corn control, whole yellow pea, and split yellow pea snacks.
Conservation Ecology: Lack of agreement on fragmentation metrics blurs correspondence between fragmentation experiments and predicted effects

The direct correspondence between landscape fragmentation and its effects is still the subject of debate. Many widely accepted hypotheses are not supported by experiments. The issue of fragmentation measurement is addressed here. To predict the effects of fragmentation, it is essential to quantify the pattern of fragmentation. Despite the increased use of spatial analysis and available measures, experts have not yet reached an agreement on how to measure patterns of fragmented landscapes and, thus, unambiguous translation of experimental findings into conservation or management guidelines is hampered.
Effect of application methods of Pseudomonas fluorescens for the late leaf spot of groundnut management

Late leaf spot incited by Cercosporidium personatum is the serious disease in groundnut. The effect of different methods of application of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf1) in managing late leaf spot of groundnut was assessed under greenhouse condition. Among the different methods tested, seed treatment coupled with foliar application of Pf1 formulation was found to be the most effective in managing late leaf spot disease. The boosting effect of Pf1 formulation on plant growth was evidenced by the fact that the plant height, leaf area index, root length, nodules per plant and dry matter production were the maximum in P. fluorescens treated plants. Pod yield was also found to be increased by using Pf1. Seed treatment followed by foliar application of Pf1 formulation gave the maximum pod yield
The potential for utilizing fouling macroalgae as feed for abalone Haliotis discus hannai

In order to assess the potential of utilizing fouling macroalgae as feed for abalone Haliotis discus hannai, the species, biomass and total stock of fouling macroalgae attached on the aquaculture facility-lines were investigated and assessed at Sungo Bay, China, in August 2007. The nutritional value of four fouling macroalgae (Codium fragile, Sargassum muticum, Ulva pertusa and Laminaria japonica) and one cultured macroalgae (Gracilaria lemaneiformis) as the diet of abalone was assessed by analysis of the chemical composition of the macroalgae and by measuring bioavailability and digestibility to abalone H. discus hannai under laboratory conditions in August 2007. The results showed that the biomass of fouling macroalgae at the two sites was 243.61 ± 26.23 and 1078.15 ± 50.28 g m−1 respectively. The contents of protein of G. lemaneiformis and C. fragile were 18.30% and 17.60%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the others. The five macroalgae were accepted by the abalone, and growth energies (P) and growth efficiency (%) were positive. However, significant differences were found among the different macroalgae. The growth efficiencies of abalone show a negative relationship with the levels of dietary lipid and a positive relationship with the protein contents. These results suggest that fouling macroalgae have a great potential to be used as diets of abalone.
Effects of dietary supplementation of immunostimulants and probiotics on immune response and disease resistance in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS). Current prevention strategies are limited and disease treatment primarily relies on antibiotics. As concerns about antibiotic use increase so too does the search for alternative treatment and prevention methods. In this study, testes meal from pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, testes collected from Alaskan seafood processing byproducts was supplemented in diets to determine effects on growth and immune function of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Three diets were formulated for this study: a diet containing 5% testes meal, a diet containing a β-glucan immunostimulant (Macrogard) and a control diet. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile rainbow trout for 12 weeks, at which time they were challenged with F. psychrophilum. No significant differences in growth were observed. Intermittent increases in phagocytic activity were observed in fish fed the testes meal. At 12 weeks; however, the phagocytic activity was significantly lower in fish fed the testes meal and Macrogard diets. Fish fed the testes meal and Macrogard diets also had significantly lower (P < 0.05) antibody titers at 8 weeks post challenge. These findings suggest suppression of the innate immune response following long term application impaired the adaptive immune response. To further investigate potential feed additive benefits, this study also examined the long term use of the probiotics Enterobacter sp.strains C6-6 and C6-8 in combination with an attenuated F. psychrophilum vaccine. In the first challenge, rainbow trout fry were fed a diet top-coated with C6-6, C6-8 or a combination of the two from first feeding and challenged at 54 days post hatch with a virulent strain of F. psychrophilum. Following