Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHANGE IN PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN RYEGRASS BIOTYPES IN COMPETITION WITH SOYBEAN DUE RESISTANCE TO GLYPHOSATE

Herbicide resistance can cause biochemical, physiological, morphological and phenological changes in weeds, altering their competitive ability against crops. The aim of the study was to assess physiological changes and cellular damage in susceptible and resistant biotypes of ryegrass and soybeans under competition. Three experiments were conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with four replications performed in a replacement series. The ratios of soybean and to susceptible (experiment 1) and resistant ryegrass (experiment 2) and of susceptible to resistant (experiment 3) ryegrass were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. Forty days after the emergence of the soybean crop and 60 days after the emergence of the ryegrass plants, the leaves of the competing plants were collected. The following variables were assessed: the levels of carotenoids, chlorophylls and total phenolic compounds; amount of hydrogen peroxide; degrees of lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage; and activity of enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase. The production of phenols and increased oxidative damage due to interspecies competition with ryegrass was, in general, observed in the soybeans; the ryegrass biotypes, susceptible and resistant to glyphosate, coexisting with soybean have generally higher oxidative damage due to intraspecific competition; since when these biotypes coexist not present modifications of these parameters.
Effect of Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) on Cytoplasmic Shuttle Streaming, Structure, Growth and Migration of the Plasmodial Slime Mold Physarum polycephalum

The effect of different concentrations of cadmium chloride on cytoplasmic shuttle streaming, growth, structure and migration of plasmodial strand of Physarum was investigated. Concentrations 25.0 mM CdCl2 induced direct and rapid stop of cytoplasmic streaming followed by complete fixation of the treated plasmodia (neither growth nor migration occurred on nutrient agar plates).
Island Operations of Electric Generators Connected to One Substation

While increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RES), which are unregulated and difficult to predict, a large system of nuclear power plants must provide balancing peaks in the production of renewable energy. It is also important to simulate the rapid changes in the power of individual large Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) units, and for these regimes to train operators of nuclear units. Therefore the paper is aimed to island operations of more parallel electric synchronous generators connected to one substation of a power grid.
A new model to predict the unsteady production of fractured horizontal wells

Based on the hydraulic fracture width gradually narrows along the fracture length, with consideration of the mutual influences of fracture, non-uniform inflow of fractures segments and variable mass flow in the fracture comprehensively, a spatial separation method and time separation method were used to establish fracture horizontal well’s dynamic coupling model of reservoir seepage and fracture flow. The results showed that the calculation productivity of variable width model is higher than that of the fixed width model, while the difference becomes smaller as time increase. Due to mutual interference of the fractures, the production of outer fracture is higher than that of the inner fracture. When the dimensionless fracture conductivity is 0.1, the middle segment of the fracture dominates the productivity and local peak emerges near the horizontal well. The flow in the fracture is with the ‘double U’ type distribution. As the dimensionless fracture conductivity increase, the fractures productivity mainly through the tips and the flow in the fractures with the ‘U’ type distribution. Using the established fracture width variable productivity prediction model, one can achieve the quantitative optimization of fracture shape.
The shape, internal structure and gravity of the fast spinner β Pictoris b

A young extrasolar gas giant planet, beta Pictoris b, recently discovered in the beta Pictoris system, spins substantially faster than the giant gas planets Jupiter and Saturn. Based on the newly measured parameters - the rotation period of the planet, its mass and radius - together with an assumption that the gas planet beta Pictoris b is in hydrostatic equilibrium and made of a fully compressible barotropic gas with a polytropic index of unity, we are able to compute, via a hybrid inverse method, its non-spherical shape, internal density/pressure distribution and gravitational zonal coefficients up to degree 8. Since the mass M-beta for the planet beta Pictoris b is highly uncertain, various models with different values of M-beta are studied in this Letter, providing the upper and lower bounds for its shape parameter as well as its gravitational zonal coefficients. If M-beta is assumed to be 6M(J) with M-J being Jupiter's mass, we show that the shape of the planet beta Pictoris b is approximately described by an oblate spheroid whose eccentricity at the one-bar surface is $\mathcal {E}_{\beta }=0.369\,28$ with the gravitational coefficient (J(2))(beta) = +15 375.972 x 10(-6). It follows that our results open the possibility of constraining or inferring the mass M-beta of the planet beta Pictoris b if its shape can be measured or constrained. By assuming that the planet beta Pictoris b will shrink to the size of Jupiter in the process of cooling down and, hence, rotate much faster, we also calculate the future shape and internal structure of the planet beta Pictoris b.
Distribusi hama kutu sisik merah (Aonidiella aurantii) pada perkebunan jeruk manis (Citrus sinesis) dan jeruk keprok (Citrus reticulata)

INDONESIA: Jeruk manis (C. sinensis) dan jeruk keprok (C. reticulata) merupakan jenis jeruk yang memiliki kandungan vitamin, karbohidrat dan potein yang tinggi dibanding jenis jeruk yang lain. A. aurantii dikenal sebagai kutu sisik merah yang bersifat polifag dan dapat menyerang berbagai jenis jeruk dan buah-buahan yang lain. A. aurantii menjadi hama utama pada perkebunan jeruk manis dan jeruk keprok karena pada serangan yang parah dapat menyebabkan kematian dan menurunkan nilai penjualan buah jeruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepadatan A. aurantii dan sebaran A. aurantii pada jeruk manis dan jeruk keprok serta faktor lingkungan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan A. aurantii. Penelitian ini dilaksankan di perkebunan jeruk manis dan keprok desa Bumiaji kota Batu pada bulan Agustus sampai September 2009. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif. Tingkat kepadatan A. aurantii di hitung pada buah, ranting dan daun pada 4 arah mata angin yang berbeda dengan 60 tanaman sampel, pola sebaran A. aurantii ditentukan berdasarkan pola sistematis 20 pohon. Faktor lingkungan yang diamati meliputi kelembaban, suhu, intensitas cahaya, angin. Data kepadatan di analisis dengan uji t, hubungan faktor lingkungan dan kelimpahan A. aurantii di analisis dengan regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepadatan A. aurantii pada semua fase lebih besar pada jeruk manis dari pada jeruk keprok. Pola sebaran fase imago pada jeruk manis adalah mengelompok, sedangkan fase crawler jeruk keprok adalah acak dan pola sebaran kumulatif fase imago dan crawler adalah mengelompok. Pola sebaran A. aurantii fase imago dan crawler pada jeruk keprok adalah acak, sedangkan secara kumulatif fase imago dan crawler pada jeruk keprok adalah acak. Faktor lingkungan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan A. aurantii pada jeruk manis dan jeruk keprok adalah kelembaban dengan R2 adalah 0,86.
Precise tail asymptotics of fixed points of the smoothing transform with general weights

We consider solutions of the stochastic equation $R=_d\sum_{i=1}^NA_iR_i+B$, where $N>1$ is a fixed constant, $A_i$ are independent, identically distributed random variables and $R_i$ are independent copies of $R$, which are independent both from $A_i$'s and $B$. The hypotheses ensuring existence of solutions are well known. Moreover under a number of assumptions the main being $\mathbb{E}|A_1|^{\alpha}=1/N$ and $\mathbb{E}|A_1|^{\alpha}\log|A_1|>0$, the limit $\lim_{t\to\infty}t^{\alpha}\mathbb{P}[|R|>t]=K$ exists. In the present paper, we prove positivity of $K$.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline vehicle emissions in a new mobile environmental reaction chamber

Abstract. We present a new mobile environmental reaction chamber for the simulation of the atmospheric aging of different emission sources without limitation from the instruments or facilities available at any single site. Photochemistry is simulated using a set of 40 UV lights (total power 4 KW). Characterisation of the emission spectrum of these lights shows that atmospheric aging of emissions may be simulated over a range of temperatures (−7 to 25 °C). A photolysis rate of NO2, JNO2, of (8.0 ± 0.7) × 10−3 s−1 was determined at 25 °C. We demonstrate the utility of this new system by presenting results on the aging (OH = 12 × 106 cm−3 h) of emissions from a modern (Euro 5) gasoline car operated during a driving cycle (New European Driving Cycle, NEDC) on a chassis dynamometer in a vehicle test cell. Emissions from the entire NEDC were sampled and aged in the chamber. Total organic aerosol (OA; primary organic aerosol (POA) emission + secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation) was (369.8–397.5)10−3 g kg−1 fuel, or (13.2–15.4) × 10−3 g km−1, after aging, with aged OA/POA in the range 9–15. A thorough investigation of the composition of the gas phase emissions suggests that the observed SOA is from previously unconsidered precursors and processes. This large enhancement in particulate matter mass from gasoline vehicle aerosol emissions due to SOA formation, if it occurs across a wider range of gasoline vehicles, would have significant implications for our understanding of the contribution of on-road gasoline vehicles to ambient aerosols.
Retrieving Document with Compact Genetic Algorithm(cGA)

Information retrieval is the task, given a set of documents and a user query, of finding the relevant documents. Information retrieval applications require speed, consistency, accuracy and ease of use in retrieving relevant texts to satisfy user queries. This paper presents an automatic tool to retrieve documents based on Compact Genetic Algorithm (cGA). The similarity between queries and documents is computed with cosine coefficient, dice's coefficient, and Jaccard coefficient that are used as the fitness functions. Experimental results show that cGA can be successfully applied to information retrieval.
Trend of estimated actual evapotranspiration over China during 1960-2002

[1] In this study, the water balance methodology introduced by Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) is modified to estimate monthly actual evapotranspiration for 686 stations over China during 1960–2002. The modification is done by replacing the Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration estimation with the Penman-Monteith method. Temporal trend and spatial distribution of the estimated annual actual evapotranspiration during the past 43 years are analyzed. The results show that (1) the actual evapotranspiration had a decreasing trend in most areas east of 100E, and there was an increasing trend in the west and the north parts of northeast China; (2) the spatial distribution of the trend for the actual evapotranspiration is similar to that of the potential evapotranspiration in south China, while the trends are opposite in north China; (3) for most parts of China, the change in precipitation played a key role for the change of estimated actual evapotranspiration, while in southeast China, the change of potential evapotranspiration appeared to be the major factor; and (4) in general, the hydrological cycle was intensified in western China, whereas it was weakened from the Yellow River basin northward.
Enhanced Bioavailability of Fenoterol Transdermal Systems in Rabbits

The pharmacokinetic and bioavailability of fenoterol, a B 2 adrenergic agonist were studied to determine the feasibility of enhanced transdermal delivery. Fenoterol has been widely used to treat asthmatic patients. Two fenoterol formulations were studied; the first was a liquid formulation of fenoterol in Transcutol: Oleic acid in a ratio 1:1(F1), while the second was a matrix system of fenoterol in Duro-tak ® 87-2074 adhesive with 10% 1-dodecyl-2- pyrrolidinone as an enhancer (F2). For comparison, control matrix with fenoterol without any enhancer (F3) was also tested. The tested formulations were applied to the shaved back skin of rabbits using HILL TOP CHAMBER ® in case of liquid formula. Blood samples were collected via auricle central vein for 24 hours and the plasma concentrations of fenoterol were determined by LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the WinNonlin computer program. The results showed a maximum concentration of fenoterol in plasma of 514.8 ng/ml after application of the liquid formula while its AUC 0-∞ amounted to be 485972(ng*min/ml) with a dose of 3mg/kg. The transdermal matrix prepared with 10% 1-dodecyl-2-pyrollidinone had a C max of 219 ng/ml and AUC 0-∞ was 124636 (ng*min/ml) which is significantly higher than that obtained after application of the control patch without any enhancer. Therefore, the transdermal systems will offer an efficient drug delivery system for the treatment of bronchial asthma.
PoliCy in latino ameriCa CountrieS : a Panel data aPProaCh *

This paper analyzes science and technology policy in Latino America. Making use of panel data methods, we test for successful science and technology policy, and supporting innovation practices in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. There are three paradigms that explain science and technology policy: the market failure paradigm, the mission paradigm, and the cooperative technology paradigm. The market failure paradigm assumes that market mechanisms will lead to optimal rates of science production and technical change. The mission technology paradigm assumes that governments may play an important role in the programmatic mission of agencies. The cooperative technology policy paradigm assumes that markets are not always the most efficient route to innovation. The results suggest that there is room for government involvement when defining a science and technology policy that aims to support the development of innovative capabilities. We conclude that mission and/ or the cooperative technology paradigms are adequate for defining a successful science and technology policy in Latino America.
Systemic infection by Spencermartinsiella sp. in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)

A male adult crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) was diagnosed with systemic yeast infection. Histologically, there were extensive areas of necrosis in the lung, which were associated with a diffuse severe lympho-plasmo-histiocytic inflammatory infiltrate, with numerous multinucleated giant cells, and myriads of intralesional pseudo-hyphae and yeast like organisms within distended foveolae. Necrotic foci were also observed in the mucosa of the digestive tract, trachea, tunica intima of arteries, liver, and heart, with a marked inflammatory lympho-histiocytic infiltrate, with large numbers of epithelioid macrophages and giant cells, and intralesional and intravascular pseudo-hyphae and yeast-like organisms. Oval yeast structures with 4 to 6 μm in diameter and 5 to 8 μm thick paralleled-wall pseudo-hyphae were observed in PAS or GMS stained sections. PCR with DNA template extracted from paraffin embedded tissues amplified the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene, which was sequenced and found to be identical to sequences of a new species, isolated from rotting wood in Brazil, of the genus Spencermartinsiella, which its closest relative is Spencermartinsiella cellulosicola.
Diel changes in the movement patterns of Ganges River dolphins monitored using stationed stereo acoustic data loggers

We monitored the underwater movements of Ganges River dolphins using stationed stereo acoustic data loggers. We estimated these movements using changes in the relative angle of the sound source direction (trajectory). Of the total acoustic recordings (66 h), 26.2% contained trajectories of dolphins, and 78.6% of these trajectories involved single animals, suggesting that dolphins tended to swim alone and were localized near the monitoring station. The observed trajectories were categorized as follows: staying type characterized by small changes in the sound source direction, moving type A (moving in the same direction), and moving type B (moving up and down the stream during recording). The average interpulse intervals of sounds in moving types A and B were significantly shorter than that of the staying type, suggesting that dolphins produce the former types of trajectories to echolocate across shorter distances during movement. The frequency of occurrence of moving type A increased during the night, whereas that of type B increased in the late afternoon and that of the staying type increased during the daytime. These results indicate that dolphins moving at night tended to use short-range echolocation, whereas during the day, they remained in relatively small areas and used long-range sonar.
Geodetic determination of relative plate motion in central California

Geodetic data along the San Andreas fault between Parkfield and San Francisco, California (latitudes 36°N and 38°N, respectively), have been re-examined to estimate the current relative movement between the American and Pacific plates across the San Andreas fault system. The average relative right lateral motion is estimated to be 32 ± 5 mm/yr for the period 1907–1971. Between 36°N and 37°N it appears that most, if not all, of the plate motion is accommodated by fault creep. Although strain is presumably accumulating north of 37°N (San Francisco Bay area), the geodetic evidence for accumulation is not conclusive.
The Role of International Trade and Urbanization on Environmental Technical Efficiency in EU Member and Candidate Countries

In recent years, global attention has been devoted towards the devastating effects of high carbon emissions on the environment and economy. The Paris Agreement which was accepted by over 190 countries in December 2015 marks the beginning of a new era towards the battle against climate change. The reason for such a collective action towards a renown global phenomenon is to provide a cleaner environment and sustainable economy for the future generations. Understanding environmental efficiency is one of the most significant aspects of this endeavor. This paper uses environmental efficiency scores estimated through a parametric hyperbolic distance function for EU member and candidate countries over the years 1990-2011, and investigates its relationship with per capita income, industrial share of GDP, openness to trade, and urbanization by using a Tobit model. The results suggest that all the variables are significant determinants of environmental technical efficiency. The relation between environmental technical efficiency and economic development shows a U-shaped curve, whereas industrial share of GDP follows an inverse U-shaped curve. There is an inverse relationship between environmental technical efficiency and openness to trade, and a positive relationship with urbanization.
Machine utilisation and breaksdown modelling for measuring productivity using virtual engineering simulation modelling

Results accuracy and reliability of discrete event simulation (DES) models to predict the production line productivities are based on the unexpected breakdowns taken place by machine faults or human errors. Process modeller practices DES modelling to incorporate these breakdowns and corresponding mainte- nances up-to the machine level. But actually breakdowns are potentially taken place at process level com- ponents inside the machine/stations. Domains like Virtual Engineering (VE) allow user to emulate the ac- tual machine build from components using the CAD data and thus define the components level processes model exist inside the machine station. Therefore author came with idea to integrate VE and DES model up-to component level processes to get an improved simulation modelling to analyse the machines breakdowns for validating pre-build and after-build phases of machine development. Initially in this arti- cle it was proposed to produce an algorithm required to integrate and model the component-level DES model driven from the available emulated data models.
Analysis of the impact of goodwill impairment information on corporate value

Arguments about goodwill accounting arising from business combinations became increasingly active since FASB and IASB changed goodwill accounting from "amortization and impairment" to ? impairment-only". On the other hand, as a general rule, the Japan Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (JGAAP) applies amortization from a period of up to 20 years using the straight line method. This is a major cause of the financial results of the JGAAP differing from international accounting standards and this issue has been a topic of great interest in the business world.Although Accounting Standards Board of Japan (ASBJ) was considering goodwill accounting, they decided to continue to use the amortization method because many investigations and reviews began to point out problems of the approach. In 2014, ASBJ published a discussion paper with European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) and Organismo Italiano di Contabilita (OIC) and suggested a reintroduction of the amortization method.Problems with ? impairment-only? accounting include accounting methods and disclosure methods, but the usefulness of disclosed information is a particularly important issue. In this study, we investigate the usefulness of goodwill impairment information in regard to these problems. Specifically, its impact has been analyzed by using the method of event study based on the type of information and industry.News about goodwill impairment varies, and in some cases different information is reported in the same article. Therefore, we divided the information into three types. The first is the news where goodwill impairment information of goodwill was reported alone, the second where information reported in the same article is good news, and the third is bad news.Results of analysis of all samples confirmed that the negative impact of goodwill impairment news on stock price lasts at least 5 business days, namely one week. Concerning results of analysis based on the type of the information, the impact was the strongest and lasted the longest in the case of bad news. Finally, results of analysis divided into manufacturing and non-manufacturing confirmed the information impact in both industries, and the impact of manufacturing is stronger and lasts longer. These results showed that goodwill impairment information has a negative impact on corporate value in Japan.