Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell-to-cell and genome-to-genome variability of Adenovirus transcription tuned by the cell cycle

In clonal cultures, not all cells are equally susceptible to virus infection. Underlying mechanisms of infection variability are poorly understood. Here, we developed image-based single cell measurements to scrutinize the heterogeneity of adenovirus (AdV) infection. AdV delivers, transcribes and replicates a linear double-stranded DNA genome in the nucleus. We measured the abundance of viral transcripts by single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the incoming ethynyl-deoxy-cytidine (EdC)-tagged viral genome by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click) reaction. The early transcripts increased from 2-12 hours, the late ones from 12-23 hours post infection (pi), indicating distinct accumulation kinetics. Surprisingly, the expression of the immediate early transactivator gene E1A only moderately correlated with the number of viral genomes in the cell nucleus, although the incoming viral DNA remained largely intact until 7 hours pi. Genome-to-genome heterogeneity was found at the level of viral transcription, as indicated by colocalization with the large intron containing early region E4 transcripts, uncorrelated to the multiplicity of incoming genomes in the nucleus. In accordance, individual genomes exhibited heterogenous replication activity, as shown by single-strand DNA-FISH and immunocytochemistry. These results indicate that the variability in viral gene expression and replication are not due to defective genomes but due to host cell heterogeneity. By analyzing the cell cycle state, we found that G1 cells exhibited the highest E1A expression, and significantly increased the correlation between E1A expression and viral genome copy numbers. This combined image-based single molecule procedure is ideally suited to explore the cell-to-cell variability in viral infection, including transcriptional activators and repressors, RNA splicing mechanisms, and the impact of the 3-dimensional nuclear topology on gene regulation. Author Summary Adenoviruses (AdV) are ubiquitous pathogens in vertebrates. They persist in infected people, and cause unpredictable outbreaks, morbidity and mortality across the globe. Here we report that the common human AdV type C5 (AdV-C5) gives rise to considerable infection variability at the level of single cells in culture, and that a major underlying reason is the cell-to-cell heterogeneity. By combining sensitive single molecule in situ technology for detecting the incoming viral DNA and newly synthesized viral transcripts we show that viral gene expression is heterogenous between infected human cells, as well as individual genomes. We report a moderate correlation between the number of viral genomes in the nucleus and immediate early E1A transcripts. This correlation is increased in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, where the E1A transcripts were found to be more abundant than in any other cell cycle phase. Our results demonstrate the importance of cell-to-cell variability measurements for understanding transcription and replication in viral infections.
The Effects of Consumers’ Media Exposure, Attention, and Credibility on Pro-environmental Behaviors

Abstract This study investigates the effects of consumers’ media exposure and attention to corporate sustainability communication on their environmental protection behavior intentions and green purchasing behavior intentions as well as the moderating effects of consumers’ perceptions of media credibility. Based on an online survey of 503 participants, the results indicate that media exposure and attention had different effects on consumers’ pro-environmental behavior intentions. The study also reveals that consumers’ perceived media credibility enhanced the relationship between media exposure and environmental protection behavior intentions. Additionally, the results show that the moderating effects were varied depending on media type. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are addressed.
Psychological Features Of Experiences Of Frustration Situations In Youth Age

The main goal of this study was to identify psychological features of frustration situations in youth age. The research was c onducted under the among students of various institutes aged 17 to 23 years, full-time students in the first and fourth courses in various professional orientations. It was found that about half of Experimental Group 1 (48% of respondents) and a third of Experimental Group 2 respondents (35%) identify as the most significant in their lives frustration situations that are related to the satisfaction of social needs. There is a striking difference in the levels of frustration between first-year and fourth-year students: first-year students experience greater frustration. With the increase in the level of frustration, there is a noticeable increase in the feeling of loneliness among the respondents of both experimental groups. For students of both experimental groups in frustrated situations are more characterized by increased fixation on the frustration situations themselves. It was found that with a decrease in the level of frustration tolerance, the level of frustration of a person increases and vice versa. The results of the study suggest that the psychological consequences, level and breadth of the manifestations of experiences of frustration situations are closely related to the level of frustration tolerance.
Change Is a Good Thing

Do DC plan sponsors add value by monitoring and refreshing the menu of investments offered to participants? The authors find evidence that they do, particularly by successfully removing underperforming funds. Empirical research offers little evidence that monitoring defined-contribution menus adds value, despite the time, effort, and resources spent by plan sponsors on such activities. Using a unique longitudinal dataset of plan menus from January 2010 to November 2018 that included 4,215 fund replacements, we found that the replacement fund outperformed the replaced fund over future one-year and three-year periods. The outperformance remained even after we controlled for various fund characteristics and risk factors. It can be attributed primarily to the subsequent underperformance of replaced funds and to the lower expense ratios of the replacements. Disclaimer: Two of the authors’ companies offer menu services for defined-contribution plans. Editor’s note Submitted 12 June 2019 Accepted 17 September 2019 by Stephen J. Brown
Adaptive Regulation for Industry 4.0

— Industry 4.0 challenges traditional regulatory mechanism. Seeking to protect the weak, the vulnerable and the uninformed, regulation must strike the right balance between sustainability, consumer safety, economic growth and innovation. Traditional regulatory mechanism is seen to be ill-suited in addressing issues raised by emerging technologies. This paper examines some legal issues raised by Industry 4.0 and the move from traditional regulatory mechanism to a more progressive approach of Adaptive Regulation.
High-power ytterbium-doped fiber laser delivering few-cycle, carrier-envelope phase-stable 100 µJ pulses at 100  kHz

We present a carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-stable Yb-doped fiber laser system delivering 100 µJ few-cycle pulses at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The CEP stability of the system when seeded by a carrier-envelope offset-locked oscillator is 360 mrad, as measured pulse-to-pulse with a stereographic above-threshold ionization (stereo-ATI) phase meter. Slow CEP fluctuations have been suppressed by implementing a feedback loop from the phase meter to the pulse picking acousto-optic modulator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest CEP stability achieved to date with a fiber-based, high-power few-cycle laser.
Determining optimal suspension system parameters for spring fatigue life using design of experiment

This paper presents the optimization of spring fatigue life associated with suspension system parameters using the design of experiment approach. The effects of suspension parameters on spring fatigue life were analyzed because this process can improve spring fatigue life from a distinct perspective. A quarter car model simulation was performed to obtain the force time histories for fatigue life prediction where the suspension parameters were adjusted. Multiple input regression and interaction plots were conducted to identify the interaction between these parameters. A full factorial experiment was performed to determine the optimal suspension settings that would maximize the spring fatigue life. For the regression, a high R 2 value of 0.9078 was obtained, indicating good fitting. The established regression showed normality and homoscedasticity for consistent prediction outcome. Reducing the spring stiffness and sprung mass while enhancing the damping coefficient is therefore suggested to enhance fatigue life.
A Temperature and Current Rate Adaptive Model for High-Power Lithium-Titanate Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles

Lithium-titanate batteries with Li4Ti5O12 anodes, which show excellent power characteristics and cycle life, are promising candidates for electric vehicle applications. However, the conventional equivalent circuit model (ECM) becomes insufficient when the temperature and current rate range widely. In this article, a novel battery model is established by rederiving and simplifying the Butler—Volmer equation carefully, and then, embedding it in the ECM along with the Nernst equation to adapt the model to the variation of the temperature and current rate. Furthermore, the non-Arrhenius behavior of the ohmic resistance is considered in this article and corrected by a quadratic polynomial method. The proposed model is thoroughly validated at different temperatures with both constant current tests and dynamic current tests, and the verification results show satisfying accuracy. Through the comparison with the conventional ECM, significant improvement on model performance is exhibited.
Exploring the effect of Ni/Cr contents on the sheet-like NiCr-oxide-decorated CNT composites as highly active and stable catalysts for urea electrooxidation

The developing high-efficiency urea fuel cells have an irreplaceable role in solving the increasingly severe environmental crisis and energy shortages. The sluggish six-electron dynamic anodic oxidation reaction is the bottleneck of the rapid progress of urea fuel-cell technology. To tackle this challenge, we select the NiCr bimetallic system due to the unique synergic effect between the Ni and the Cr. Moreover, better conductivity is assured using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the support. Most importantly, we use a simple hydrothermal method in catalyst preparation for easy scale-up at a low cost. The results show that the hybrid catalysts of NiCrx-oxide-CNTs with different Ni/Cr ratios show much better catalytic performance in terms of active surface area and current density as compared to that of Ni-hydro-CNTs. The optimized NiCr2-oxide-CNTs catalyst exhibits not only the largest electrochemically active surface area (ESA, 50.7 m2 g−1) and the highest urea electrocatalytic current density (115.6 mA cm−2), but also outstanding long-term stability. The prominent performance of the NiCr2-oxide-CNTs catalyst is due to the combined effect of the improved charge transfer between Ni and Cr species, the large ESA, along with an elegant balance between the oxygen-defect sites and hydrophilicity. Moreover, we have proposed a synergistically enhanced urea catalytic mechanism.
CONCORD: A UAV Conflict Resolution System using Correlated Equilibrium based Decision Making

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are in demand for a wide range of applications. A traﬃc management system similar to the Air Traﬃc Control (ATC) is necessary to handle these vehicles eﬃciently. The complexity associated with such a system will increase with the size of airspace and the number of vehicles using it at any given instant of time. The need for collision avoidance among UAVs is quite signiﬁcant in this context. This paper presents the CONCORD, which is a UAV conﬂict resolution system that uses the notion of correlated equilibrium. Correlated equilibrium is a popular solution concept in game theory, which improves upon Nash equilibrium solution and gives better expected payoﬀ to every player. In this work, an intelligent semi-autonomous conﬂict resolution subsystem is proposed which could be a part of UAV traﬃc management system that can handle multiple UAV conﬂicts eﬀectively.
A liver cirrhosis classification on B-mode ultrasound images by the use of higher order local autocorrelation features

In this paper, in order to classify liver cirrhosis on regions of interest (ROIs) images from B-mode ultrasound images, we have proposed to use the higher order local autocorrelation (HLAC) features. In a previous study, we tried to classify liver cirrhosis by using a Gabor filter based approach. However, the classification performance of the Gabor feature was poor from our preliminary experimental results. In order accurately to classify liver cirrhosis, we examined to use the HLAC features for liver cirrhosis classification. The experimental results show the effectiveness of HLAC features compared with the Gabor feature. Furthermore, by using a binary image made by an adaptive thresholding method, the classification performance of HLAC features has improved.
Does Hope Mediate and Moderate the Relationship between Happiness Aversion and Depressive Symptoms?

The literature is beginning to document how and for whom “fear of happiness” (happiness aversion, i.e. the expectation that being happy can have negative consequences) is predictive of psychological outcomes. We sought to determine whether hope, an important protective factor against depressive symptoms, might mediate and moderate the relationship between happiness aversion and depression. In a dataset of 588 undergraduate psychology students, evidence was found that hope functioned as a mediator as well as a buffer in the relationship between happiness aversion and depression. In addition, exploratory analysis of a small longitudinal dataset (N = 74) suggested that hope also played the same roles in the relationship between fear of happiness and depression over time. These findings suggest that interventions that create hope can be effective in disrupting the relationship between happiness aversion and depressive symptoms.
Genetic Variation of Coleosporium plumeriae from Different Provinces in Thailand

Plumeria rust samples were collected from five provinces in Thailand, including Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Rayong, Chonburi and Yala. All five isolates produced the uredial stage but only the isolates from Bangkok and Yala also underwent the telial and basidial stages. The morphological characteristics of all three stages present in the life cycle of the isolates were studied under stereo, compound and electron microscopes. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences at 28S and ITS (internal transcribed spacer) regions were analyzed with those in the GenBank database by Nucleotide BLAST and phylogenetic analyses. Coleosporium plumeriae was identified as the causal agent of plumeria rust by structure morphology and rDNA sequences that revealed genetic variation of the fungus as well. In general, there were significant differences in the morphological characteristics of uredospores, teliospores and basidia among the isolates. However, the variation of spore morphology was not related to the sampling locations. According to the phylogenetic analysis of 28S rDNA sequences, the UPGMA tree grouped all C. plumeriae from Thailand and foreign countries in the same clade as they shared identical sequences. On the other hand, the UPGMA tree inferred from ITS rDNA sequence data detected genetic variation of the isolate from Chonburi and separated it into the distinct tree branch. In this study, structure morphology and ITS rDNA were suitable genetic markers for both interspecific and intraspecific taxonomy of C. plumeriae
The Impact of Eight Weeks Closed and Open Kinetic Chain Exercise on Ratio of the External to Internal Shoulder Rotator Muscles’ Strength in Top Swimmers

Objectives: Based on previous studies, the strength ratio of internal to external rotator muscles of the shoulder in elite swimmers is a predisposing factor of impingement syndrome. So this study was done to compare the eﬀect of open and closed kinetic chain exercises on this ratio. Methods: Regarding the inclusion criteria, 45 swimmers were selected and distributed randomly to 3 groups of the open chain (15), closed chain (15), and control (15). Exercise prescribed for both open and closed chain groups three times per week, but the control group was deprived. Before starting the exercise and after eight weeks, the strength ratio of the internal to the external rotatorshouldermusclesinbotheccentricandconcentriccontractionwasmeasuredatvariousspeedsof 60,120,and180degrees/s. Subsequently,one-wayANOVAandTukeyposthoctestswereperformedtocomparethegroupsandshowtheintra-groupdiﬀerence (P < 0.05). Results: Both types of exercises reduced the strength ratio of internal to external shoulder rotator muscles in both contractions. There was no signiﬁcant diﬀerence between closed and open chain exercises, but the open chain reduced the ratio of internal to external rotator muscles’ strength less than the closed chain in both types of contractions. Conclusions: Toreducetheratioof internaltoexternalrotatormuscles’ strengthinswimmersandimprovethemuscleimbalance, open kinetic chain exercises are more eﬀective than closed kinetic chain exercises and can be recommended for prevention and rehabilitation of swimmer’s shoulder.
Reply to referees for the manuscript “Fine-scale vertical structure of sound scattering layers over an east border upwelling system and its relationship to pelagic habitat characteristics” by Diogoul et al.

1. The authors do not identify the constituent animals of the SSLs. I realize this is often difficult or impossible when acoustic data are collected opportunistically, and that raw backscatter contains valuable information even when it cannot be attributed to specific animals or converted to biomass. However, it is extremely difficult to interpret these results without knowing at least broadly what kinds of animals are present. The authors need to provide more information on the likely sources of backscatter, even if it is only based on previous studies in this area.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SHORT SLEEP DURATION AND OBESITY IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

Objective: Adequate sleep has been considered important for the adolescent’s health and well-being. On the other hand, self-imposed sleep curtailment is now recognized as a potentially important and novel risk factor for obesity. The objective of the study is to find the association between short sleep duration and obesity (by calculating the body mass index [BMI]) among medical students. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 medical students. A brief history of sleep duration was taken. The height and weight were taken and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated by formula weight in kg / height in m2. Based on the BMI criteria the students were classified into six groups: Underweight, normal, overweight, obese class I, obese class II and obese III. The waist circumference (WC) was also taken. The data obtained were statistically analysed by ANOVA test and the p < 0.5 was considered significant. R esults: The present cross-sectional study showed that there is an association between short sleep duration and obesity which was highly significant (p<0.001). This study also shows that there is an association between short sleep duration and waist circumference which was also highly significant (p<0.001). C onclusion: The present study observed a high association of short sleep duration among medical students of IMS and SUM Hospital and that short sleep duration was significantly associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity. We should further investigate whether adults adopting a healthy lifestyle with short sleep duration would improve their sleeping habits or not. Ke ywords: Sleep duration, Body mass index, Waist circumference, Obesity.
Organizing vocational education and training in schools: A case study of Australian Governments’ educational policies

Australian Governments of different levels have initiated and carried out some policies to reform vocational education and training in schools to ensure school to work successful transition. This article takes the New Framework as the target policy for analysis, supplemented by other related policies to investigate Governments' purposes, principles and measures for organizing vocational education and training in schools. Dramaturgical coding method, together with excerpt-commentary analysis, has been adopted in the policy analysis. It is found that the partnerships among different levels and different agencies are key to the organizational changes in the success of vocational education and training in schools in effecting a seamless work/study transition. This approach offers an informed representation of the information that is conveyed in the New Framework by vividly interpreting its terms and conventions. The most important factor promoted by these policies was the promotion of partnerships between schools and industries.
Speech Understanding With Bimodal Stimulation Is Determined by Monaural Signal to Noise Ratios: No Binaural Cue Processing Involved

Objectives: To investigate the mechanisms behind binaural and spatial effects in speech understanding for bimodal cochlear implant listeners. In particular, to test our hypothesis that their speech understanding can be characterized by means of monaural signal to noise ratios, rather than complex binaural cue processing such as binaural unmasking. Design: We applied a semantic framework to characterize binaural and spatial effects in speech understanding on an extensive selection of the literature on bimodal listeners. In addition, we performed two experiments in which we measured speech understanding in different masker types (1) using head-related transfer functions, and (2) while adapting the broadband signal to noise ratios in both ears independently. We simulated bimodal hearing with a vocoder in one ear (the cochlear implant side) and a low-pass filter in the other ear (the hearing aid side). By design, the cochlear implant side was the main contributor to speech understanding in our simulation. Results: We found that spatial release from masking can be explained as a simple trade-off between a monaural change in signal to noise at the cochlear implant side (quantified as the head shadow effect) and an opposite change in signal to noise at the hearing aid side (quantified as a change in bimodal benefit). In simulated bimodal listeners, we found that for every 1 dB increase in signal to noise ratio at the hearing aid side, the bimodal benefit improved by approximately 0.4 dB in signal to noise ratio. Conclusions: Although complex binaural cue processing is often implicated when discussing speech intelligibility in adverse listening conditions, performance can simply be explained based on monaural signal to noise ratios for bimodal listeners.