Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Availability of Global Metals and Minerals for the Sustainable Century: From Aluminium to Zirconium

Mining supplies metals and minerals to meet the material and energy needs of the modern world. Typically, mineral resources are widely considered to be ‘finite’ in nature, yet, paradoxically, global production and reported reserves and resources continue to grow. This paper synthesizes an extensive array of data on the long-term trends in cumulative mine production, reserves and resources at a global level as well detailed case studies of Australia, a global leader in many sectors of mining, and lithium, a new metal with rapidly growing demand. Overall, the paper shows that growing mine production has been clearly matched by growing reserves and resources, although there are numerous complex social, environmental and governance factors which are already affecting mines and are expected to increasingly affect mining into the future. Thus it is not possible at present to determine the ‘ultimately recoverable resource’, especially as this is a dynamic quantity dependent on a variety of inter-related factors (e.g., exploration, social issues, technology, market dynamics, environmental risks, governance aspects, etc.). This finding reinforces the need for continuing detailed studies of all metals and minerals to understand their individual supply and use dynamics to help modern society meet its needs and sustainable development goals.
Supplementary material to "Convergent Estimates of Biomass Burning-Derived 
Atmospheric Ammonia in Peninsular Southeast Asia"

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3) is an important agent involved in atmospheric chemistry and nitrogen cycling. Current estimates of NH3 emissions from biomass burning (BB) differ by more than a factor of two, impeding a reliable assessment of their environmental consequences. Combining high-resolution satellite observations of NH3 columns with network measurements of the concentration and stable nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) of NH3, we present coherent estimates on the amount of NH3 derived from BB in the heartland of Southeast Asia, a tropical monsoon environment. Our results reveal a strong variability of atmospheric NH3 levels in time and space across different landscapes. All evidence in hand suggests that anthropogenic activities are the most important modulating control with regards to the observed patterns of NH3 distribution in the study area. N-isotope balance considerations revealed that during the intensive fire period, the atmospheric input from BB accounts for not more than 21 ± 5 % (1σ) of the ambient NH3, even at the rural sites and in the proximity of burning areas. Our N-isotope based assessment of the variation of the relative contribution of BB-derived NH3 is further validated independently through the measurements of particulate K+, a chemical tracer of BB. Our findings underscore that BB-induced NH3 emissions in the tropical monsoon environments can be much lower than previously anticipated, with important implications for future modeling studies to better constrain the climate and air quality effects of wildfires.
elk-Sentiment classiﬁcation using Attention based gated-CNN with deep recurrent 1 neural model

: Sentiment analysis received a lot of attention recently due to its potential use in business intelligence. 4 Understanding variable length sentences to extract the sentimental context is the main challenge of this concept. Our 5 proposed models are moderations of a deep neural model named comprehensive attention recurrent model [5]. A new 6 layer of attention mechanism and replacement of LSTM with gated-CNN have been introduced to make learning of CA 7 model [5] faster and eﬃcient. IMDB movie review sentiment-labelled dataset has been used in our experiments. Our 8 paper solely focuses on the comparison of performances among proposed and inspired models. Experimental results 9 imply that accuracy and precision of our proposed models are better compared to the state-of-the-art CA model. 10
Dynamic Behaviour of Suction Caissons

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A Kinect Based Indoor Navigation System for the Blind

Title of thesis: A KINECT BASED INDOOR NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR THE BLIND Alexander Belov, Guodong Fu, Janani Gururam, Francis Hackenburg, Yael Osman, John Purtilo, Nicholas Rossomando, Ryan Sawyer, Ryan Shih, Emily True, Agnes Varghese, Yolanda Zhang Thesis directed by: Professor Rama Chellappa Chair, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Team NAVIGATE aims to create a robust, portable navigational aid for the blind. Our prototype uses depth data from the Microsoft Kinect to perform realtime obstacle avoidance in unfamiliar indoor environments. The device augments the white cane by performing two significant functions: detecting overhanging objects and identifying stairs. Based on interviews with blind individuals, we found a combined audio and haptic feedback system best for communicating environmental information. Our prototype uses vibration motors to indicate the presence of an obstacle and an auditory command to alert the user to stairs ahead. Through multiple trials with sighted and blind participants, the device was successful in detecting overhanging objects and approaching stairs. The device increased user competency and adaptability across all trials. A KINECT BASED INDOOR NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR THE BLIND
A laser based straightness monitor for a prototype automated linear collider tunnel surveying system

For precise measurement of new TeV-scale physics and precision studies of the Higgs Boson, a new lepton collider is required. To enable meaningful analysis, a centre of mass energy of 500GeV and luminosity of 10 34 cm -2 s -1 is needed. The planned 31km long International Linear Collider is capable of meeting these targets, requiring a final emittance of 10 micro-radians horizontally and 35nmrad vertically. To achieve these demanding emittance values, the accelerator components in the main linacs must be aligned against an accurately mapped network of reference markers along the entire tunnel. An automated system could map this tunnel network quickly, accurately, safely and repeatedly; the Linear Collider Alignment and Survey (LiCAS) Rapid Tunnel Reference Surveyor (RTRS) is a working prototype of such a system. The LiCAS RTRS is a train of measurement units that accurately locate regularly spaced retro-reflector markers using Frequency Scanning Interferometry (FSI). The unit locations with respect to each other are precisely reconstructed using a Laser Straightness Monitor (LSM) and tilt sensor system, along with a system of internal FSI lines. The design, commissioning, practical usage, calibration, and reconstruction performance of the LSM is addressed in this work. The commissioned RTRS is described and the properties of the LSM components are investigated in detail. A method of finding the position of laser beam spots on the LSM cameras is developed, along with a process of combining individual spot positions into a more robust measurement compatible with the data from other sub-systems. Laser beam propagation along the LSM is modelled and a robust method of reconstructing CCD beam spot position measurements into positions and orientations of the LSM units is described. A method of calibrating LSM units using an external witness system is presented, along with a way of using the overdetermined nature of the LSM to improve calibration constant errors by including data taken from unwitnessed runs. The reconstruction uncertainty, inclusive of both statistical and systematic effects, of the LSM system is found to be of 5.8 microns × 5.3 microns in lateral translations and 27.6 microradians × 34.1 microradians in rotations perpendicular to the beam, with an uncertainty of 51.1 microradians in rotations around the beam coming from a tilt-sensor arrangement.
High voltage pulse generation [electroporation]

A new topology of a high voltage source with a variable output pulse pattern and featuring an independent adjustment of the magnitude, repetition frequency and pulse duration is presented. The power stage of the source consists of eight individual unipolar sources that can be arbitrarily connected in series to obtain the desired output voltage pulse of several amps and with extremely high du/dt.
Factors in the selection of contractors for engineering works

[Abstract]: This project is on the factors used in the selection of contractors for engineering works. Traditionally, the selection of contractors was based simply on price. The problem with this approach is that the lowest priced bid doesn’t necessarily represent the best value for money. The appropriate consideration of non-price factors together with price in the selection process can improve the probability that the project will be successful. Whilst many practitioners now also include non-price factors in considerations to select contractors, methodologies for this consideration and the factors used vary greatly. The author’s research was unable to locate industry-wide standards that would help practitioners to achieve best practice. This project identifies how this gap may be filled for a particular range of values of projects. The project work undertaken incorporates literature-based research and a questionnaire that was completed by 10 experienced industry professionals. It also includes two case studies where the full sets of tender documents were reviewed. One of these projects was current and the author was able to assess the submissions prior to the sitting of the tender evaluation panel. The other project was examined as the contract was let based on price and is a good example of the problems that can occur by using this method of selection. The results of the questionnaire was examined further and combined with the knowledge gained through this research to produce sample checklists of factors and weightings that could be applied to different types of projects. This gives an indication of what factors are important and how they might be assessed to achieve best value for money whilst minimising unnecessary cost to industry. Further such research may be beneficial to the construction industry in relation to projects of greater value and delivered through more innovative contracting approaches such as Public Private Partnerships.
Food hygiene and foreign bodies

Abstract: This chapter will consider the types of foreign bodies that are reported from food and how they get into the food. The control of foreign bodies will be considered in two main ways: firstly, methods for identifying foreign bodies in order to determine what they are and how they got into the food; and secondly, the various methods for preventing foreign bodies getting into food, and then detecting and removing foreign bodies from food products during food processing if they do get in. Finally, prospects for the future for each of these areas will be considered.
Importer Trust and Commitment Building Process: Qualitative Insights from LDC Perspective

The trust and commitment building process in the international exchange is inconclusive in the academic literature. Debate is on about the nature and extent of s ome factors in that process. This study contributes to an understanding of the process with rich data gathered from in-depth interviews with top managers of twelve industrial and commercial importers in Bangladesh. Analyses revealed a perplexing picture where some of the findings affirmed the theoretical assertions but others disconfirmed them with new insights. Finally, implications and limitations are discussed and future research directions are recommended.
Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems

Thank you for downloading Understanding Facts Concepts And Technology Of Flexible Ac Transmission Systems. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this Understanding Facts Concepts And Technology Of Flexible Ac Transmission Systems, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their computer.
EVALUATION OF TRANSITIONS FOR TESTING AGRICULTURAL VENTILATION FANS WITH THE FAN ASSESSMENT NUMERATION SYSTEM (FANS)

OF THESIS EVALUATION OF TRANSITIONS FOR TESTING AGRICULTURAL VENTILATION FANS WITH THE FAN ASSESSMENT NUMERATION SYSTEM (FANS) The Fan Assessment Numeration System (FANS) is an improved air velocity traverse method for measuring in situ fan performance. The FANS has been widely used, but variations of its test procedure are commonly employed to accommodate physical or operational barriers encountered in the field. This laboratory study evaluated the use of transitions to connect a 1.37m FANS unit to two smaller fans (1.22m and 0.91m diameter) and one 1.37m diameter fan. Tests were conducted with the FANS unit positioned on both intake and discharge sides of the fans. Three different transition angles (30, 45 and 60) and the use of no transition were evaluated. Discharge tests were also performed with no enclosed connection between FANS and fan housings. A different experiment was conducted for each fan size. Data was analyzed by comparing test results to the control with Dunnett’s procedure. Results showed significant differences as much as 5.3% ± 1.20% for intake treatments, 17.2% ± 3.04% for sealed discharge treatments and 37.1% ± 12.24% for discharge treatments with no enclosed connection. All transition angles produced similar fan test results. Differences between test results from the discharge and control treatments increased as differences between FANS and fan dimensions increased.
DCU@FIRE-2012: Rule-based Stemmers for Bengali and Hindi

For the participation of Dublin City University (DCU) in the FIRE-2012 Morpheme Extraction Task (MET), we investigated a rule based stemming approaches for Bengali and Hindi IR. The MET task it- self is an attempt to obtain a fair and direct comparison between various stemming approaches measured by comparing the retrieval effectiveness obtained by each on the same dataset. Linguistic knowledge was used to manually craft the rules for removing the commonly occurring plural suffixes for Hindi and Bengali. Additionally, rules for removing classi- fiers and case markers in Bengali were also formulated. Our rule-based stemming approaches produced the best and the second-best retrieval effectiveness for Hindi and Bengali datasets respectively.
Optimizing Macro and Micro Base Stations Locations and User Associations in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) have gained the attraction of the communication industry recently, due to their promising ability to enhance the performance of future broadband Fifth Generation (5G) networks and are integral parts of 5G systems. They can be viewed in multi-dimensional space where, each slice represents a unique tier that has its own Base Station (BS)s and User Equipment (UE)s. Different tiers cooperate with each other for their mutual benefit. Data can be interactively exchanged among the tiers, and UEs have the flexibility to switch between the tiers. The cells in such a heterogeneous cellular networks have variable sizes, shapes, and coverage regions. However, in HetNets with ultra dense BSs, the distance between them gets very small and, they suffer from very high levels of mutual interference. To improve the performance of HetNets, we have done multiple contributions in this dissertation. First, we have developed analytical derivations for optimizing pilot sequence length which is a very crucial factor in acquiring the Channel State Information (CSI) and the channel estimation process in general. Poisson Point Process (PPP) has been widely used to allocate BSs among various tiers so far. However, BS locations obtained using PPP approach may not be optimum to reduce interference. Therefore, in this dissertation, BSs locations are optimized to reduce the interference and improve the coverage and received signal power. Also, we have derived expressions for static UEs coverage probability and network energy efficiency in HetNets. A proper UE association algorithm for HetNets is a great challenge. The classic max-Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) or max-received signal strength (RSS) user association algorithms are inappropriate solutions for HetNets as UEs in this context will tend to connect to the Macro BS, which is the one with the highest signal power. A severe load imbalance and significant inefficiency arises and impacts the performance. The aforementioned algorithms tend to associate UEs to BSs with the best received signal power or signal quality. In HetNets, usually Macro BSs are the ones transmitting the strongest signals; hence most UEs tend to associate with the Macro BS leaving Micro BSs with less load. Also, the conventional max-SINR and max-RSS algorithms do not provide adequate results in multi-tier systems. We suggest two centralized algorithms, LSTD and RTLB, for an even UE association to provide fair load distribution. However RTLB outperforms LSTD in real time scenarios as it easily and quickly adapts to rapid network changes. Furthermore, we consider the mobility of nodes. We derive coverage probability for moving UEs considering both handover and no handover scenarios. Proposed algorithms are fast enough to associate the moving users to different Micro and Macro BSs appropriately in real time. Our algorithms are proved to be feasible and provide a path towards attainable future communication systems.
Humanoid Robot Soccer Locomotionand Kick Dynamics: Open Loop Walking, Kicking and Morphing into SpecialMotions on the Nao Robot

Striker speed and accuracy in the RoboCup (SPL) international robot soccer league is becoming increasingly important as the level of play rises. Competition around the ball is now decided in a matter of seconds. Therefore, eliminating any wasted actions or motions is crucial when attempting to kick the ball. It is common to see a discontinuity between walking and kicking where a robot will return to an initial pose in preparation for the kick action. In this thesis we explore the removal of this behaviour by developing a transition gait that morphs the walk directly into the kick back swing pose. The solution presented here is targeted towards the use of the Aldebaran walk for the Nao robot. The solution we develop involves the design of a central pattern generator to allow for controlled steps with realtime accuracy, and a phase locked loop method to synchronise with the Aldebaran walk so that precise step length control can be activated when required. An open loop trajectory mapping approach is taken to the walk that is stabilized statically through the use of a phase varying joint holding torque technique. We also examine the basic princples of open loop walking, focussing on the commonly overlooked frontal plane motion. The act of kicking itself is explored both analytically and empirically, and solutions are provided that are versatile and powerful. Included as an appendix, the broader matter of striker behaviour (process of goal scoring) is reviewed and we present a velocity control algorithm that is very accurate and efficient in terms of speed of execution.
Evaluation and comparison of six GRACE models to stratify undifferentiated chest pain at the emergency department

Background The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is recommended for stratifying chest pain. However, there are six formulas used to calculate the GRACE score for different outcomes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including death (Dth) or composite of death and myocardial infarction (MI), during in hospital (IH), in 6 months after discharge (OH6m) or from admission to 6 months later (IH6m). The more appropriate one for stratification of undifferentiated chest pain remains unclear. We aimed to provide firstly comprehensive evaluation and comparison of six GRACE models to predict 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in acute chest pain at the emergency department (ED). Methods Patients with acute chest pain were consecutively recruited from August 24, 2015 to September 30, 2017 in EDs of two public hospitals in China. The primary outcome was MACE within 30 days, including death, acute myocardial infarction (MI), emergency revascularization, cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock. GRACE scores were calculated retrospectively using the prospectively obtained data. Correlation, calibration, discrimination and reclassification of six GRACE models were evaluated. Results A total of 2886 patients were analyzed, with 590 (20.4%) patients getting outcomes. The GRACE (IH6mDthMI), GRACE (IHDthMI), GRACE (IHDth), GRACE (IH6mDth), GRACE (OH6mDth) and GRACE (OH6mDthMI) showed positive linear correlation with actual MACE rates (r≥0.568, p<0.001), first two of which exerted very strong relationships (r>0.9). All these models had good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, p≥0.073) except GRACE (IHDthMI) (p<0.001). The corresponding c-statistics were 0.82(0.81,0.83), 0.83(0.81,0.84), 0.75(0.73,0.76), 0.73(0.72,0.75), 0.72(0.70,0.73) and 0.70(0.68,0.71). Improvement in AUC, NRI and IDI (p<0.001) represented that GRACE (IH6mDthMI) and GRACE (IHDthMI) were superior to other four models in discrimination and reclassification. Conclusions The GRACE (IH6mDthMI) and GRACE (IHDthMI) outperformed other GRACE models in discriminating high or low-risk of 30-day MACE in patients with chest pain. The reasonable application of appropriate GRACE models should be recommended on stratification of undifferentiated chest pain presenting to the ED.