Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nature of Interaction on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: Exploring the Mediating Role of Emotional labour

Emotions play a crucial role in service provider and client interactions and understanding of emotional labour will help the organizations manage employee-customer relationship better. Two objectives are to find whether emotional labour in service sectors particularly in hotels and call centers differs based on nature of interaction and to examine the mediating role of emotional labour between nature of interaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Survey method was adopted and standardized questionnaires were used to measure the variables. Correlational analysis and hierarchical step-wise regression was done on 689 responses from hotels and call centers. Consistent with our expectation, nature of interaction has an impact on emotional labour. Important recommendations on managing employee-customer interactions were discussed along with limitations and scope for future research.
COMPETITION IN ROMANIAN BANKING SECTOR Andrieș

Recent turmoil in the global financial system has impacted severely on the banking sector with many banks suffering large losses and necessitating the need to raise additional capital privately or through their respective national governments. In our study we investigate the impact of structural reforms performed throughout the European Union (EU) accession process on competition and contestability of banking systems in Romania. The literature of the measurement of competition can be divided into two major approaches: structural and non-structural. The structural approach to the assessment of competition embraces the „Structure-Conduct-Performance Hypothesis” (SCP) and the „Efficient Structure Hypothesis” (ESH). The structural approach, as the name suggests, assesses bank competition by examining measures of market structure such as concentration ratios (the share of assets held by the top 3 or 5 institutions) or indices (e.g., the Herfindhal-Hirschman index) and supposes that higher concentration in the banking market causes less competitive bank conduct and leads to higher bank profitability. The SCP model is originally developed by Bain (1956). The second approach, ESH, developed by Demsetz (1973) and Peltzmann (1977) suggests that the superior performance of the market leaders determines the market structure, implying that higher efficiency produces both higher concentration and greater profitability. The non-structural indicators of competition are mainly based on the measures of monopoly power developed by Lerner (1934). The Lerner Index suggests the mark-up of price over marginal cost. An alternative non-structural indicator of the degree of market competition is the Panzar and Rosse (1987) Hstatistic. The H-statistic measures the extent to which changes in banking costs are reflected in changes in banking revenues. In order to examine the level of competition and market power of banks in Romania for period 2003 – 2009, we estimate the non-structural indicators and compare it with the structural indicators of competition. In particular, we measure competition using Lerner index and the H-statistic, indicators what are estimated using bank-level data and are compared with a standard market structure measure of concentration like HHI and CR5. There are no other studies that measure both structural and non-structural competition indicators for Romanian banking sector. Also, our assessment contains a period of seven years including the begging of the implications of the present international financial crises on Romanian banking sector. The structural indicators show continuous increase of competition in the Romanian banking system. Lerner index and H statistic demonstrate that Romanian banking system is characterized by monopolistic competition and relatively competitive practices. Personnel cost, operational cost and financial cost are statistically significant at conventional levels, which imply good fit of the revenue equations. The results also demonstrate that excess fixed assets do not generate abnormal revenue.
Antioxidant Activity of Methanol and Ethanol Extracts of Satureja hortensis L. in Soybean Oil

Background: Considering the wide consumption of some synthetic antioxidants and their probable negative health effects, in this study, the protective effects of Satureja hortensis L. extracts in stabilizing soybean oil against oxidation at different concentrations (200 and 400 ppm) were tested. Methods: The aerial parts of S. hortensis L. were collected from Isfahan province and extracted with 100 ml methanol and ethanol. Soybean oil was selected due to its unsaturated fatty acids variety. Antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl test. A β-carotene-linoleic acid assay was also applied for the antioxidant capacity. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, peroxide value and thiobarbituricacid-reactive substances (TBARs) were measured for the soybean oil samples. Experiments were carried out in triplicates and data were processed with ANOVA test by SPSS software (16.0). Results: S. hortensis L. extracts had significantly (p≤0.05) lower peroxide and thiobarbituric acid value of samples during storage at 60 °C. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for methanol and ethanol extracts were 31.5±0.7 and 37±0 μg/ml, respectively. In the β-carotene/linoleic acid system, methanol and ethanol extracts exhibited 87.5%±1.41 and 74%±2.25 inhibitions against linoleic acid oxidation. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of methanol and ethanol extracts were (101.58±0.26 mg/g) and (96±0.027 mg/g), (44.91±0.14 mg/g) and (14.3±0.12 mg/g) expressed in gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively. Conclusion: Methanol and ethanol extracts of S. hortensis could be prepared and added to the commercial vegetable oils as natural antioxidant and so they may be suitable alternative for some synthetic antioxidants.
Bailing on the Car that Was Not Bailed Out: Bounding Consumer Reactions to Financial Distress

This paper examines how consumers react to the financial distress of durable goods manufacturers by looking at the Swedish new car market. We employ a difference-in-differences matching methodology whereby we compare sales of carmaker Saab with those of a carefully constructed control group of substitute products. To account for possible substitution between products in the treatment and control groups, we propose and apply bounds to our difference-in-differences matching estimator. We then refine the bounds and provide conditions under which they depend only on the products' own- and cross-price elasticities. We find that even accounting for potential substitution, there was a significant decrease in the sales of Saab following its filing for administration. These findings are robust to a number of robustness checks and alternative hypothesis.
Pencarian Question-Answer Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network Pada Topik Agama Berbahasa Indonesia

Community-based question answering (CQA) is formed to help people who search information that they need through a community. One condition that may occurs in CQA is when people cannot obtain the information that they need, thus they will post a new question. This condition can cause CQA archive increased because of duplicated questions. Therefore, it becomes important problems to find semantically similar questions from CQA archive towards a new question. In this study, we use convolutional neural network methods for semantic modeling of sentence to obtain words that they represent the content of documents and new question. The result for the process of finding the same question semantically to a new question (query) from the question-answer documents archive using the convolutional neural network method, obtained the mean average precision value is 0,422. Whereas by using vector space model, as a comparison, obtained mean average precision value is 0,282. Index Terms—community-based question answering, convolutional neural network, question retrieval
THE CONCEPTUAL SCHEME OF INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE OBJECT PROTECTION MODEL

This paper proposes a conceptual scheme of information security (IS) which comprises most existing IS systems. There are shown seven components describing IS process in the object protection model: requirements to IS support; the data protected; threats to the protected data; countermeasures to the threats; information system for the protected data processing; conditions facilitating or impeding IS process; object of protection. The diagram showing interrelations of the listed components has been given. The meanings of the entities "requirements", "Information system", "conditions", "object of protection" have been clarified; mechanisms for influencing IS process of such entities as "information system", "conditions", "object of protection" have been revealed. For the entity "requirements" there have been allocated seven classes of requirements to ensure information security; the main legislative and normative documents that define the content of these requirements for each class of requirements have been given. The approaches to measurability and assessment of the rate of requirements implementation have been described. It is stated that a number of elements in a wealth of elementary requirements are rather high, therefore, instead of the list of elementary requirements there are usually developed several generalized factors (probabilistic factor, time factor, expenses factor). IS systems oriented to these factors help to realize a more flexible IS technique, when cases of IS violation not leading to a substantial damage could be even neglected, and IS system will mainly focus on preventing most dangerous attempts to break IS.
Proteinase from the Liver of Neon Flying Squid：Purification and properties

A proteinase from the liver of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) has been partially purified by means of organic solvent extraction and successive chromatographies, i.e., anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulofine A-500 and gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-lOO. The molecular weight of the enzyme estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 24,000. The enzyme's optimum pH was approximately 5.0, and the enzyme was relatively stable over a pH range of 4.0 to 7.0. The optimum temperature was approximately 37°C, and the enzyme was tolerably stable up to 3TC. The enzyme was significantly activated by 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, cysteine, glutathione, K+, NH, +, Li+, Na+, Ca+, Mg'+, Ba+, Zn2+, and slightly activated by sodium azide and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. In contrast, the enzyme was significantly inhibited by iodoacetamide, iodoacetic acid, soybean trypsin inhibitor, N-ethylmaleimide, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate sodium salt, p-chloromercuribenzoate, 5-5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), hydroquinone, o-phenanthroline, Fe2+, Hg+, Ag+, and slightly inhibited by diisoprophylfluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. These results show that the enzyme is a cysteine proteinase.
Measuring the Willingness to Pay for ImprovedAir Quality: A Contingent Valuation Survey

This study attempts to estimate how much Polish citizens would be willing to pay for clean air by applying a contingent valuation of six damage components using the payment card question format: mortality, morbidity, visibility loss, material damages, damages to cultural heritage, and ecosystem damages. The system of the valuation questions approach helps to avoid an embedding problem. The analysis of protest voters is conducted. Although mortality and morbidity remain the most valuable damage components, the percentage shares of the total willingness to pay are more evenly distributed between all the damage components compared to literature. Damages to ecosystems and cultural heritage compose almost 30% of the total value, and their omission by the literature seriously underestimates total benefits.
From Tools to Social Construction of Organizational Reality: Studying Value Dissemination in three Case Companies

Values and value management are extremely important nowadays in the companies. As thought, each organi- zation works better when it is con- stantly kept in mind what is essential. Managements role in value process- ing is crucial: they have to show the example to employees by acting due values. In this study the manage- rial roles in value dissemination and especially the personnel's experiences about the processes are studied. Being big projects which require a lot of investments from the firm, evaluation of these value processing projects are of importance. The aim of this paper is to study value processing in three
Leadership and Power in Public Organizations: Cross-Country Analysisfrom the Brazilian Perspective

The aim of this paper is to present the actual scenario of leadership and power in the public sector as well as the challenges in the further development of theory in this subject. This paper shows a cross country analysis conducted by analyzing the themes approached by recent literature in different countries related to this subject-leadership and power in public organizations. The documental analysis allows-besides the comparison-an integrative review about leadership and power in public organizations, what also presents the evolution of the theme in the last few years. The integrative review is conducted by summarizing available publications. It was identified authors, contexts, perspectives and focus, then synthesized main results, findings and conclusions. Then the cross-country analysis shows that different countries have different trending topics and some patterns were detected. As observed in the leadership literature values such as honesty and its impacts in leader behavior-and leadership process-are the most sensitive challenges in public service on lower adjusted GDP countries. The lack of ethics may result in significant misuse of power. There is an urgency in to design metrics about this kind of power misuse to avoid individuals to destroy organizations while achieving personal goals. It is presented a maturity gradient, from basic ethics to professionalization and competences on process-till efficacy. So this study presents trending topics embraced by leadership and power in public organizations’ nowadays, a debate and integrative review on these topics.
Variation of geodesic length functions in families of Kähler-Einstein manifolds and applications to Teichmüller space

In the study of Teichmuller spaces the second variation of the logarithm of the geodesic length function plays a central role. So far, it was accessible only in a rather indirect way. We treat the problem directly in the more general framework of the deformation theory of Kahler–Einstein manifolds. For the first variation we arrive at a surprisingly simple formula, which only depends on harmonic Kodaira–Spencer forms. We also compute the second variation in the general case and then apply the result to families of Riemann surfaces. Again we obtain a simple formula depending only on the harmonic Beltrami differentials. As a consequence a new proof for the plurisubharmonicity of the geodesic length function on Teichmuller space and its logarithm together with upper estimates follow. The results also apply to the previously not known cases of Teichmuller spaces of weighted punctured Riemann surfaces, where the methods of Kleinian groups are not available. We use our methods from [A-S], where the result was announced.
Effects of Visual Interaction Methods on Simulated Unmanned Aircraft Operator Situational Awareness

The limited field of view of static egocentric visual displays employed in unmanned aircraft controls introduces the soda straw effect on operators, which significantly affects their ability to capture and maintain situational awareness by not depicting peripheral visual data. The problem with insufficient operator situational awareness is the resulting increased potential for error and oversight during operation of unmanned aircraft, leading to accidents and mishaps costing United States taxpayers between $4 million to $54 million per year. The purpose of this quantitative experimental completely randomized design study was to examine and compare use of dynamic eyepoint to static visual interaction in a simulated stationary egocentric environment to determine which, if any, resulted in higher situational awareness. The theoretical framework for the study established the premise that the amount of visual information available could affect the situational awareness of an operator and that increasing visual information through dynamic eyepoint manipulation may result in higher situational awareness than static visualization. Four experimental dynamic visual interaction methods were examined (analog joystick, head tracker, uninterrupted hat/point of view switch, and incremental hat/point of view switch) and compared to a single static method (the control treatment). The five methods were used in experimental testing with 150 participants to determine if the use of a dynamic eyepoint significantly increased the situational awareness of a user within a stationary egocentric environment, indicating that employing dynamic control would reduce the occurrence or consequences of the soda straw effect. The primary difference between the four dynamic visual interaction methods was their unique manipulation approaches to control the pitch and yaw of the simulated eyepoint. The identification of dynamic visual interaction increasing user SA may lead to the further refinement of human-machine-interface (HMI), teleoperation, and unmanned aircraft control principles, with the pursuit and performance of related research.
Unbiased Estimation for Linear Regression When n < v

In this paper a new method is proposed for solving the linear regression problem when the number of observations $n$ is smaller than the number of predictors v. This method uses the idea of graphical models and provides unbiased parameter estimates under certain conditions, while existing methods such as ridge regression, LASSO and least angle regression (LARS) give biased estimates. Also the new method can provide a detailed graphical correlation structure for the predictors, therefore the real causal relationship between predictors and response could be identified. In contrast, existing methods often cannot identify the real important predictors which have possible causal effects on the response variable. Unlike the existing methods based on graphical models, the proposed method can identify the potential networks while doing regression even if the data do not follow a multivariate distribution. The new method is compared with some existing methods such as ridge regression, LASSO and LARS by using simulated and real data sets. Our experiments reveal that the new method outperforms all the other methods when n
Evaluating Full Lemmatization of Croatian Texts

The paper presents the implementation and evaluation of a module for full lemmatization of Croatian texts. The module implements several lemmatization procedures, all of them based on merging outputs of the previously developed stochastic morphosyntactic tagger CroTag and the inectional lexicon of Croatian. Evaluation of the lemmatization module on two test cases, simulating realistic and ideal operating conditions, provided full lemmatization accuracy scores of 96.96 and 98.15 percent on a newspaper corpus, respectively. It is also shown that a majority of errors in this framework, 57.14 percent in the realistic testing scenario, occur on word forms with external homography. Moreover, approximately 80 percent of all lemmatization errors occur on nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs in that particular order. Language resources, testing environment and procedure descriptions are provided in the paper along with a discussion of obtained results and possible future research directions.
T HE EFFECTS OF URANIUM PRICE FLUCTUATIONS ON PRODUCTION , EXPLORATION EXPENDITURES AND RESERVES : VAR APPROACH S ONDÈS K

The aim of this paper is to empirically analyse the effects of uranium price fluctuations, i.e. increase vs decrease, on uranium production, uranium exploration expenditures and uranium reserves. We apply a Vector Autoregression (VAR) approach which allows for both symmetric and asymmetric model specifications to simulate impulse-response functions (IRFs) and derive the forecasting error variance decomposition (VD). Results give evidence that a uranium price increase induces an exploration expenditures increase and, to a lesser extent, a production increase. In contrast, no significant effect of uranium price fluctuations on uranium reserves can be supported. Results also give evidence of the presence of asymmetric aspects in the response of uranium exploration expenditures and uranium production to uranium price fluctuations. In fact, uranium exploration expenditures and uranium production seem to be more sensitive to uranium price increases than to uranium price decreases.
COMOVEMENTS AND STOCK MARKET INTEGRATION BETWEEN INDIA AND ITS TOP TRADING PARTNERS: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION

It has been documented that strong (weak) comovements between stock markets provide less (more) diversification opportunities for investors. This study seeks to determine empirically if investors of Indian stock market can further diversify their portfolios by investing in the stock markets of India’s top trading partners. This study uses data from India and its major trading partners to conduct principle component analysis. We find that India investors can further diversify their portfolios by investing in the stock markets of a few of its major trading partners.
The inhibitory effect of biofilms produced by wild bacterial isolates to the larval settlement of the fouling ascidia Ciona intestinalis and Pyura praeputialis

Marine biofouling is a present and potentially increasing future problem at molluscan culture centres. The problem is highly variable, exists on different scales, and its negative impact on cultured organisms and related economic losses at these centres has not been significantly controlled. One approach to fouling control has been the incorporation of natural substances into anti-fouling paints which inhibit the settlement of common fouling organisms. The main objective of the present study was the isolation of naturally occurring substances from marine bacteria which were inhibitory to the settlement of Ciona intestinalis and Pyura praeputialis, two tunicate species causing serious fouling problems in scallop culture systems in Chile. Numerous bacterial strains were isolated from microfouling on natural and artificial substrates submerged in the sea; of 73 strains isolated, 20% demonstrated inhibitory effects on the settlement of the larvae of the above cited tunicates. The inhibitory substances produced by the active bacteria were extracellular, and could be incorporated in an inert matrix (Phytagel TM ) without losing their inhibitory properties. Some properties of the inhibitory substance isolated from bacterial strain Clon Nil-LEM ( Alteromonas sp) included thermostability, MW C. intestinalis ), and undiminished inhibitory activity when incorporated in the inert matrix.