Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequences of the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) large internal repeat form the center of a 16-kilobase-pair palindrome of EBV (P3HR-1) heterogeneous DNA

We have previously characterized several genomic rearrangements of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA contained in one of the defective EBV genomes harbored by the P3HR-1 (HR-1) line (H. B. Jenson, M. S. Rabson, and G. Miller, J. Virol. 58:475-486, 1986). One recombinant clone of heterogeneous DNA (het DNA) from this defective genome is an EcoRI fragment of 16 kilobase pairs (kbp) which is a palindrome. DNA digestion fragments specific for the center of this palindrome were present in cells which contained het DNA but not in cells which lacked het DNA. Thus, the palindrome was not an artifact of DNA cloning. The organization of the center of this palindrome was studied by DNA sequencing. The comparable region of the parental HR-1 genome was also studied by DNA sequencing. The central 3,495 base pairs (bp) of the palindrome were composed of sequences derived exclusively from internal repeat 1 of EBV, represented by BamHI W fragment. At each end of the central 3,495 hp was a symmetrical recombination with sequences of BamHI-Z, located more than 50 kbp away on the standard EBV genome. The central 3,495 bp were composed of an unduplicated 341 bp flanked by two perfect palindromic repeats of 1,577 bp. The 341-bp unique region was a portion of a 387-bp region of standard HR-1 BamHI-W which was identical to the central 387 bp of the palindrome. This central 387-bp region contained numerous stretches of dyad symmetry capable of forming a large stem-and-loop structure. The palindromic rearrangement had created two novel open reading frames in het DNA derived from standard HR-1 BamHI-W sequences. These two het DNA open reading frames had different amino termini but identical carboxy termini derived from the large open reading frame in standard HR-1 BamHI-W (HR-1 BWRF1). The BamHI-W sequences found in het DNA did not include either the TATA box of standard HR-1 BamHI-W or the exons which are present in the potentially polycistronic latent mRNAs encoding EBV nuclear antigens. These marked alterations in genomic structure may relate to the unique biologic properties of virus stocks containing het DNA by creation of new polypeptides or by formation or deletion of regulatory or functional signals.
MODTRAN: A Moderate Resolution Model for LOWTRAN

Abstract : The LOWTRAN computer codes, with LOWTRAN 7 being the most current version, are widely used to calculate atmospheric transmittance and/or radiance in the infrared, visible and near ultraviolet spectral regions; LOWTRAN 7 has been extended to include the microwave spectral region. The code is easily used, runs quickly and provides the user with a wide variety of atmospheric models and options. Its spectral resolution is 20 1/cm Full Width/Half Maximum (FWHM) with calculations being done in 5 1/cm increments. This report describes work done to increase LOWTRAN's spectral resolution from 20 to 2 1/cm (FWHM). Specifically, the technical objectives for this program were: 1) to develop algorithms providing 2 1/cm resolution (FWHM); 2) to model molecular absorption of atmospheric molecules as a function of temperature and pressure; 3) to calculate band model parameters for twelve LOWTRAN molecular species; and 4) to integrate the LOWTRAN 7 capabilities into the new algorithms, maintaining compatibility with the multiple scattering option. MODTRAN, the final product of this effort, is a moderate resolution LOWTRAN code. Molecular absorption is calculated in 1 1/cm spectral bins, while the other parts of the calculation remain unchanged. The molecular species affected are: water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, methane, oxygen, nitric oxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia and nitric acid.
Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Constraints: Do the Constraints Predict University Agriculture Graduates’ Attitudes towards Entrepreneurship?

This quantitative study analyzed and predicted gender differences of agriculture graduates’ attitudes towards and challenges in entrepreneurship in Botswana. The study adopted a descriptive and correlational survey research design. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used for data collection through a survey of randomly sampled 149 final year agriculture graduate students (n=149). Inferential statistical tools of Independent t-test and Regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of the study determined three important attitudinal factors as: entrepreneurship results in economic growth of a country, employability and income generation and, entrepreneurship improves individual and social growth. Three important constraints in entrepreneurship were lack of land, lack of proper infrastructure and, lack of capital. These top attitudinal factors as well as constraints were the same for the male and female graduates despite of their ranking and importance. A gender difference in students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship was established while no gender difference in the challenges in entrepreneurship was found. Out of fifteen constraints in entrepreneurship under study, only three constraints namely, lack of land, high competition in market and lack of capital, were determined as significant predictors of the graduates’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship. It is recommended that these three factors be made priorities while making policies for entrepreneurship development in the country. Further study is recommended to explore the perceptions of graduates on the possible ways to improve on these three predicting constraints and explore latent constraints predicting graduates’ attitude towards entrepreneurship. Those findings may provide better ideas in planning policies for entrepreneurial development among agriculture graduates in Botswana.
In-vitro digestibility of protein, starch and in-vitro availability of minerals (iron and zinc) in whole and dehulled nutri-cereal based multigrain extruded snacks

The extrudates were prepared from the multigrain flour mixture either whole grain flour (WGF) or dehulled grain flour (DGF) comprising of 15% of sweet potato flour, 30% cereal and pulse flour (Bengal gram+ defatted soya bean flour + rice in equal proportion) and 55% of nutri -cereal flour (Pearl millet+ Foxtail millet + Ragi in equal proportion). The in vitro-digestibility of protein (IVPD) (70.90%), in-vitro availability of Iron (57.85%) and Zinc (38.35%) were higher in DGE than in WGE, while in-vitro digestibility of starch (IVSD) was higher in WGE (36.88). Due to these characteristics, whole grain extrudates can be a potential snack for the health-conscious population suffering from lifestyle diseases and dehulled grain-based extrudates for supplementary nutrition programmes.
Dynamic characterization of iodine uptake in vegetable plants

Hydroponics experiment was carried out to investigate iodine(iodide or iodate)uptake in celery and Chinese cabbage.Iodine uptake in both plants increased rapidly within a short time treatment(60 min)and then decreased gradually.With low iodine concentration(0-0.50 mg/L)treatments,characteristics reminiscent of Michaelis-Menten kinetics was observed via relationship of concentration of iodate or iodate and the the iodine uptake rate.Iodate uptake was inhibited by oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor 2,4-dinitrophenol when the plants were treated with less than 0.50 mg/L iodate,whereas no significant inhibit was observed and the iodine uptake rate was linearly correlated to the iodine concentration when iodate concentration was above 0.50 mg/L,which suggested that plant can actively uptake iodate when under low concentration.As compared to Chinese cabbage,celery showed a greater iodine uptake.The iodine content in the vegetable edible parts increased in the first week then decreased as the iodine was added only once at the beginning,whereas the iodine content of edible parts of vegetable increased constantly when continuously supplied with iodine.When treated with low iodine concentration(0.50 mg/L),iodine uptake in both plants were reduced by chlorine,but no significant effect of chlorine on iodine uptake in the plants treated with high iodine concentration.The iodine accumulation coefficient in both plant was decreased when the iodine concentration in the media increased.The iodine distribution in both plants was rootleafstem.
SNP discovery and association of S100A8 allelic variants with incidence of clinical mastitis in Sahiwal and Karan Fries cattle

The present study was carried out to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in bovine S100A8 gene and associate novel allelic variants with mastitis incidence in Sahiwal and Karan Fries cattle. A panel of unrelated cattle was subjected to targeted sequencing to detect a total of 23 novel SNPs within S100A8 gene. A novel PCR-RFLP assay (HpyCH4V) was developed to genotype -2 (A/G) SNP locus in 148 Karan Fries cattle and 147 Sahiwal cattle. The genotype and allele frequencies were calculated for each of the four groups of animals viz. affected Sahiwal cattle, unaffected Sahiwal cattle, affected Karan Fries cattle, unaffected Karan Fries cattle. The overall frequency of GG, GA and AA genotypes were 0.884, 0.102 and 0.013 respectively in Sahiwal cattle while it was 0.973, 0.02 and 0.007 respectively in Karan Fries cattle. No significant association of S100A8 genotypes with incidence of clinical mastitis (P>0.05) was observed.in investigated cattle breeds.
A Trait-based Deep Learning Automated Essay Scoring System with Adaptive Feedback

Numerous Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems have been developed over the past years. Recent advances in deep learning have shown that applying neural network approaches to AES systems has accomplished state-ofthe-art solutions. Most neural-based AES systems assign an overall score to given essays, even if they depend on analytical rubrics/traits. The trait evaluation/scoring helps to identify learners’ levels of performance. Besides, providing feedback to learners about their writing performance is as important as assessing their level. Producing adaptive feedback to the learners requires identifying the strengths/weaknesses and the magnitude of influence of each trait. In this paper, we develop a framework that strengthens the validity and enhances the accuracy of a baseline neural-based AES model with respect to traits evaluation/scoring. We extend the model to present a method based on essay traits prediction to give trait-specific adaptive feedback. We explored multiple deep learning models for the automatic essay scoring task, and we performed several analyses to get some indicators from these models. The results show that Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based system outperformed the baseline study by 4.6% in terms of quadratic weighted Kappa (QWK). Moreover, the prediction of the traits scores enhance the efficiency of the prediction of the overall score. Our extended model is used in the iAssistant, an educational module that provides trait-specific adaptive feedback to learners. Keywords—AES system; trait evaluation; adaptive feedback; deep learning; neural networks; ASAP
Transistor Placement for Automatic Cell Synthesis through Boolean Satisfiability

This paper presents a new transistor placement method applied to the ASTRAN EDA tool, an open-source solution for the automatic design of complex digital gates. Although it currently reaches an optimized solution through a Threshold Accepting approach, ASTRAN does not guarantee a minimum-width placement. In this paper, a method based on Boolean satisfiability is proposed, ensuring an optimal solution for the transistor placement task through modeling the problem into a set of Boolean variables and clauses aware of four design rule constraints. Experiments comparing the proposed method and the current ASTRAN placement technique have shown reductions in the layout area. Furthermore, our method achieved a significant improvement regarding runtime, an essential feature for designing digital circuits and systems on-demand.
M S SADIQ et al.: PATHWAYS TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINTS OF GHG EMISSION OF ENERGY INPUTS USED IN COWPEA PRODUCTION IN NIGER STATE OF NIGERIA

Increasing population level and food demand around the world has made producers and policy makers to utilize scientific models and techniques for taking sustainability into consideration. Energy as an important ingredient in all production systems has been focused for the production process of cowpea in Niger State of Nigeria. The study investigated optimal input use for cowpea producers using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. The analysis found that 14 and 19 units are efficient in CCR and BCC models, respectively, and mean values of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency scores were 0.86, 0.90 and 0.96, respectively. Manure, inorganic fertilizers and biocides were identified as the most inefficient inputs used. The results also revealed that approximately 28.37% of total energy input resources can be saved if the farmers follow the input package recommended by the DEA and by energy optimization total GHG emission can be reduced. Policies should emphasize on development of new technologies to substitute agro-chemical with renewable energy sources towards efficient energy use and lowering environmental footprints of GHG emissions resulting in sustainable food production systems.
Survey on fall detection systems

According to a report published by World Health Organization, early fall detection is an active problem in the old age group people. The report revealed that the fall detection problem affect 28-35% people for the people around 65 years of age and 32-45% for those over 70 years. In the past few years, various research studies have been conducted on the fall detection problem. Objective of these research studies is to develop a system to provide a timely medical assistance to an old age person in case of fall. These studies have further suggested that early detection of fall could not only minimize the damage in terms of head, spinal or any similar major bone injuries but also provide timely assistance thereby saving efforts and money. This paper presents a survey of various fall detection systems and methods. Most commonly used approaches in fall detection system are wearable, ambience and camera based device.
IDENTIFICATION OF GERM PLASM IN PSEUDOSCIAENA CROCEA TAI-CHU RACE BY AFLP

Pseudosciaena crocea,local name Large yellow croaker,is a very important economic fish in China coast.There are three geographical populations(races)from north to south of China coast.In Zhejiang sea area,the indigen is P. crocea Dai-chu race.Because the artificial weif of non indigen P.crocea Min-Uehtung race,the indigen in Fujiang sea area,in zhejiang sea area from 1998,the individuals captured from this area not always belong to the indigen, P.crocea Dai-chu race.But the individuals born before 1996 must be the P.crocea Dai-chu race.Cross section of the otoliths was used to identify the age of wild Large yellow croaker captured from the year 2001 to 2002 from Zhejiang sea area.31 out of 100 individuals captured in 2001—2002 were identified to be the P.crocea Dai-chu race,the youngest was 4 year old;the oldest was 16 year old. The germ plasm analysis by AFLP(Amplified fragment-length polymorphism)suggested that the P.crocea Dai-chu race could be divided into two types,one was type Ⅰ of P.crocea Dai-chu race,and another was type Ⅱ of P.crocea Dai-chu race.This partition was accordant with the literature that the Large yellow croaker in East China sea consisted of two populations,Spring Population and Autumn Population.And they were different from reproductive period.The type Ⅰ of P.crocea Dai-chu race grows quicker than the type Ⅱ. So the type Ⅰ should be chosen as the parents in mariculture of P.crocea Dai-chu race.The AFLP fingerprint achieved by this investigation could be used to identify P.crocea Dai-chu race.
Portfolio and Performance Measures Considering Indian SENSEX

India has one of the fastest growing stock market. However it seems that research of India stock market is woefully deficient. This paper develops the investment based on Markowitz’s Portfolio Selection Theory using India historical stock return data. The entire experiment period holds nine years starting from the opening day in 2006 to the 2014 closing day. The research benchmarks Indian SENSEX of BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange). This process made comparison analysis of rate of SENSEX change, and rate of portfolio return. The investment category was chosen by top 30 on SENSEX market as of June 6, 2015, except in the case of five categories which lacks data. The portfolio was composed of eight weeks of investment period and eight weeks of rebalancing cycle. At this time the result displayed that rebalancing cycle influences the rate of return. Four weeks of rebalancing cycle performed outstanding return other than the eight and twelve weeks and rate of changes in SENSEX. In addition, this paper compares return on risk rate, also known as Sharpe ratio which measures portfolio performance. Keywords—Portfolio; Markowitz; Indian stock market; SENSEX; Optimization theory; Sharpe ratio
Application of Sweetwater as Potential Carbon Source for Rhamnolipid Production by Marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa UMTKB-5

Rhamnolipid (RL), the major component of biosurfactant is commonly produced via bacterial fermentation from selected carbon sources. Biosynthesis of RL is initiated by nitrogen limitation and presence of excess carbon source. RL is completely biodegradable and non-toxic. Applications of RL include the production of fine chemicals, enhancement of biodegradation, food industries and pharmaceutical products. In this study, efforts were taken to biosynthesize RL using Pseudomonas aeruginosa UMTKB-5 isolated from marine sediment. The bacterium was fed with cane sugar refinery by-product, sweetwater as sole carbon source and 5 different types of nitrogen sources. Three different of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios were tested in this study. The sweetwater was first characterized for its components. Sweetwater is mainly comprised of water (79.9 wt%) and glycerol (10.3 wt%). The total sugar content is 17.4 wt% and mainly comprises of sucrose, glucose and fructose. Biosynthesis of RL was carried out in 50 mL shaken-flask cultures, incubated at 30 ̊C for 72 h at 200 rpm. Sulfuric acid was used to hydrolyze rhamnose groups of RL in the culture supernatant into methyl furfural. The hydrolyzed sample containing rhamnose was reacted with orcinol (1-3-dihydroxy-5-methylbenzene). The concentration of RL produced was measured spectrometrically at 421 nm. The surface tension was measured using Du Nouy Ring method. The result obtained showed that production of RL using sweetwater was in the range of 42 – 50 mg/L. The cell biomass was recorded in the range of 329 – 729 mg/L. The lower surface tension (47.26 mN/m) activity occurred when ammonium chloride with C/N ratio of 35 was applied. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential application of agro-industrial by-product, sweetwater as a renewable carbon feedstock for RL production via bacterial fermentation.
A Deep Learning Approach for Unsupervised Failure Detection in Smart Industry (Discussion Paper)

We propose an unsupervised anomaly detection model that is able to identify abnormal behavior by analysing streaming data coming from IoT sensors installed on critical devices. The proposed model is based on a Siamese neural network which embeds time series windows in a latent space, thus generating distance-based clusters of normal behavior. We experiment the proposed model on a case study aimed at the predictive maintenance of elevators where specific sensors measure the oscillations of the lift during its daily use. The experiments show that the proposed model successfully isolates anomalous oscillations thus correlating them to prospective malfunctions and thus preventing possible faults.
A simple method for obtaining single spore isolates of Podosphaera xanthii

This research established a new method of eyebrows pick method for single spore isolation. The method was simple,rapid,convenient,and easy to use. The method is very suitable for larger spores and living parasitic pathogens. This method is first used for making pure culture of Podosphaera xanthii. The method laid the foundation for melon breeding for resistance to powdery mildew and for the study of pathogen physiological races.
Can the Performance of Virtual Teams be Improved? An Empirical Study

This paper compares the processes of Face-To-Face (FTF) and Virtual Teams (VT) and proposes methods to improve the performance of virtual teams. The discourse of fifteen FTF and fifteen VT teams were analysed. Their discourses were coded by the TEMPO system developed by Futoran et al. (1989) and the communication pattern of each team was drawn. Four approaches to improve the performance of VT are proposed: (1) Posting well-organised information; (2) Increasing “process gain” activities and decreasing “process loss” activities; (3) Instructions and facilitation to promote the discussion of process and content equally and facilitate better communication patterns; (4) Minimising members’ absences.
The Robust Malware Detection Challenge and Greedy Random Accelerated Multi-Bit Search

Training classifiers that are robust against adversarially modified examples is becoming increasingly important in practice. In the field of malware detection, adversaries modify malicious binary files to seem benign while preserving their malicious behavior. We report on the results of a recently held robust malware detection challenge. There were two tracks in which teams could participate: the attack track asked for adversarially modified malware samples and the defend track asked for trained neural network classifiers that are robust to such modifications. The teams were unaware of the attacks/defenses they had to detect/evade. Although only 9 teams participated, this unique setting allowed us to make several interesting observations. We also present the challenge winner: GRAMS, a family of novel techniques to train adversarially robust networks that preserve the intended (malicious) functionality and yield high-quality adversarial samples. These samples are used to iteratively train a robust classifier. We show that our techniques, based on discrete optimization techniques, beat purely gradient-based methods. GRAMS obtained first place in both the attack and defend tracks of the competition.
An index for moving objects with constant-time access to their compressed trajectories

ABSTRACT As the number of vehicles and devices equipped with GPS technology has grown explosively, an urgent need has arisen for time- and space-efficient data structures to represent their trajectories. The most commonly desired queries are the following: queries about an object’s trajectory, range queries, and nearest neighbor queries. In this paper, we consider that the objects can move freely and we present a new compressed data structure for storing their trajectories, based on a combination of logs and snapshots, with the logs storing sequences of the objects’ relative movements and the snapshots storing their absolute positions sampled at regular time intervals. We call our data structure ContaCT because it provides Constant- time access to Compressed Trajectories. Its logs are based on a compact partial-sums data structure that returns cumulative displacement in constant time, and allows us to compute in constant time any object’s position at any instant, enabling a speedup when processing several other queries. We have compared ContaCT experimentally with another compact data structure for trajectories, called GraCT, and with a classic spatio-temporal index, the MVR-tree. Our results show that ContaCT outperforms the MVR-tree by orders of magnitude in space and also outperforms the compressed representation in time performance.