Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On jamming detection methods for satellite Internet of Things networks

Despite the fast growth of machine‐type communications via satellite, the vulnerability of such networks to intentional interference and malicious jamming attacks is a raising concern. Specifically, in this paper, we address a class of jamming attacks in which the adversary uses the underlying knowledge of the satellite physical and access protocol to increase the jamming impact. In particular, we focused on a type of camouflage jamming attack (using publicly known preamble) to deceive the receiver, which rapidly leads to poor performance. Compared to conventional constant jamming attacks, these jamming strategies are known to be more effective and potentially more harmful to the targeted communication network. We analyze methods to detect such jamming attacks and provide examples of jamming detection techniques for the satellite Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Results indicate the effective performance of the jamming detection techniques for a variety of representative system parameters. More specifically, we introduce a simple (counting) jamming detection method along with numerical results for realistic system parameters, which confirms system design vulnerability as well as how the jammer may improve her strategy.
SCJ: Segment Cleaning Journaling for Log-Structured File Systems

The append-only write scheme of the log-structured file system (LFS), which does not permit in-place updates, is suitable for flash memory. Therefore, LFSs have been adopted to manage various flash-memory-based storage systems. However, LFSs amplify user write requests owing to segment cleaning and frequent metadata write operations. Hence, the IO performance is degraded and the life span of the flash memory is reduced. In particular, when each segment cleaning invokes checkpointing to store dirty metadata modified via block relocation, irrelevant dirty metadata are written by the checkpointing operation, and the metadata write overhead occupies a significant proportion of the segment cleaning latency. Hence, we propose segment cleaning journaling (SCJ), which logs the block relocation information of segment cleaning at a specific journal area without invoking checkpointing. We implemented and evaluated the proposed SCJ by modifying F2FS. Experimental results show that SCJ can improve file system performance by 1.13–1.63 times compared with normal segment cleaning.
A Demand Analysis of the Korean Wine Market Using an Unrestricted Source Differentiated LA/AIDS Model*

Abstract An unrestricted source differentiated LA/AIDS model was used to estimate Korean wine demand. In doing so, this study tested the null hypotheses of product aggregation, block separability and substitutability. The test results show that the unrestricted source differentiated model is significantly different from the aggregated model, separated model, and restricted source differentiated model at the conventional level. By using this system-wide model, this study estimated price and expenditure elasticities to identify the price effect on Korean wine consumption. (JEL Classification: F10, F11, F13)
Illuminating Seizures: Combined Optical and Electrophysiological Recording Techniques Provide Novel Insights Into Seizure Dynamics

Neurological disorders such as epilepsy arise from disrupted brain networks. Our capacity to treat these disorders is limited by our inability to map these networks at sufficient temporal and spatial scales to target interventions. Current best techniques either sample broad areas at low temporal resolution (e.g., calcium imaging) or record from discrete regions at high temporal resolution (e.g., electrophysiology). This limitation hampers our ability to understand and intervene in aberrations of network dynamics. Here, we present a technique to map the onset and spatiotemporal spread of acute epileptic seizures in vivo by simultaneously recording high bandwidth micro electrocorticography and calcium fluorescence using transparent graphene microelectrode arrays. We integrate dynamic data features from both modalities using non-negative matrix factorization to identify sequential spatiotemporal patterns of seizure onset and evolution, revealing how the temporal progression of ictal electrophysiology is linked to the spatial evolution of the recruited seizure core. This integrated analysis of multimodal data reveals otherwise hidden state transitions in the spatial and temporal progression of acute seizures. The techniques demonstrated here may enable future targeted therapeutic interventions and novel spatially embedded models of local circuit dynamics during seizure onset and evolution.
Financial Credit Risk Control Strategy Based on Weighted Random Forest Algorithm

In order to improve the effectiveness of financial credit risk control, a financial credit risk control strategy based on weighted random forest algorithm is proposed. The weighted random forest algorithm is used to classify the financial credit risk data, construct the evaluation index system, and use the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the financial credit risk level. The targeted risk control strategies are taken according to different risk assessment results. We compared the proposed method with two other methods, and the experimental results show that the proposed method has higher classification accuracy of financial credit data and the risk assessment threshold is basically consistent with the actual results.
Taxonomic composition and lake bathymetry influence fatty acid export via emergent insects

1. The ecological role of emergent aquatic insects from lakes in exporting dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) across the freshwater- land interface is still poorly understood. 2. In this field study, we explored the seasonal biomass export of emergent insects from three subalpine lakes and investigated how lipids of emergent insects were related to lake bathymetry, lipids of organic matter in lake sediments (i.e., and lake bathymetry. Our study highlights that the littoral supply higher and per to than across From we show results indicate that are key for understanding the of from to riparian ecosystems.
Model-Free Event-Triggered Consensus Algorithm for Multiagent Systems Using Reinforcement Learning Method

In this article, we study the consensus issues of multiagent systems (MASs) without any information of the system model by using the reinforcement learning (RL) method and event-based control strategy. First, we design an adaptive event-based consensus control protocol using the local sampled state information so that the consensus errors of all agents are uniformly ultimately bounded. The validity of the above event-triggered adaptive control protocol is confirmed by excluding the Zeno behavior within finite time. Then, based on the RL approach, we present a model-free algorithm to get the feedback gain matrix, and accomplish constructing the adaptive event-triggered control strategy without the knowledge of model information. Distinct with the existing related works, this RL-based event-triggered adaptive control algorithm only relies on the local sampled state information, irrelevant to any model information or global network information. Finally, we provide some examples to demonstrate the validity of the above adaptive event-based consensus algorithm.
Spatial-temporal spectroscopy characterizations and electronic structure of methylammonium perovskites

Using time-resolved laser-scanning confocal microscopy and ultrafast optical pump/THz probe spectroscopy, we measure photoluminescence (PL) and THz-conductivity in perovskite micro-crystals and films. PL quenching and lifetime variations occur from local heterogeneity. Ultrafast THz-spectra measure sharp quantum transitions from excitonic Rydberg states, providing weakly bound excitons with a binding energy of ~13.5 meV at low temperatures. Ab-initio electronic structure calculations give a direct band gap of 1.64 eV, a dielectric constant of ~18, heavy electrons, and light holes, resulting in weakly bound excitons, consistent with the binding energies from the experiment. The complementary spectroscopy and simulations reveal fundamental insights into perovskite light-matter interactions.
STRATEGIC MARKETING AND CYBERSECURITY: THE CASE OF DATA BREACHES

Data breaches can have a negative effect on the market value of the breached firm. Numerous studies examining the impact of a data breach on the market value of the firm have suggested that market value impact is moderated by a firm's reputation and customer attributions as to who is to blame for the data breach. While market value is essential, the ability of a firm to recover from a data breach is primarily influenced by the reaction of the firm's customers. This research proposes a model comprised of proactive marketing activities based on the SERVQUAL model that a firm can undertake before a data breach to increase firm reputation, firm trust and subsequently brand equity and brand loyalty that has the potential to increase the likelihood of positive attributions should a data breach occur. The model also offers strategic marketing activities that can be undertaken after a data breach to speed a firm's recovery.
Individual Practices to Increase the Graduation Rate of African American Students at Predominantly White Colleges and Universities

African American students face a number of institutional barriers when admitted to Predominantly White Colleges and Universities (PWCUs). Many of the obstacles they encounter are related to historical racism, stereotypes, and prejudices embedded in the culture of these institutions. Even though the enrollment of African American students at these institutions continues to increase, their completion rate remains low. While past studies have examined institutional strategies to increase African American graduation rate, they have failed to provide recommendations on the individual level for these students to practice. This article explores an important questions: What individual strategies are important for African American students to practice in an effort to graduate from PWCUs? Using semi-structured interviews of tenured Africam American faculty at PWCUs, ten recommendations were proposed to practice.
Data Collector Application for Indoor Navigation System

Nowadays more and more vast cities and facilities are built but we don’t have enough knowledge to orientate ourselves in them. That is why navigation systems were created to relieve our lives. Even if GPS-based outdoor navigation systems are accurate and useful methods, yet, we don’t have any precise and widespread techniques for indoors navigations. On account of the monumental complexes we have indoor navigation systems are must-have. These can be a helping hand for visually impaired people who, due to their situation, have different expectations for such a system. Of course, only graphical user interface is not enough to be useful but the options displayed on the screen should also be translated into sounds. Moreover, visually impaired people need to get more information about the environment where they are.
Review on 5G NR LDPC Code: Recommendations for DTTB System

The freezing of the 5th generation new radio (5G NR) Release 16 indicates that 5G development has stepped into a new stage. The application of a dedicated low-density parity-check (LDPC) code for channel coding is an important technical advance that distinguishes 5G NR from the 4th generation (4G) long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE-advanced. Although LDPC codes has been used in many different systems, the newly developed LDPC code in 5G NR integrates many cutting-edge technologies to provide better performance and attractive features. Thus, it can be a good reference for channel coding in other evolving systems headed by digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB). In emerging applications, the DTTB system needs to carry information with higher density, while meeting the high requirements for real-time, coverage, and bit error rate of broadcasting. To provide a reference for DTTB channel coding that improves its performance and supports new services, a review of 5G NR LDPC code implementation is carried out from three aspects: code analysis and design, decoding algorithm, and decoder architecture. We thoroughly evaluate each solution and highlight some candidates for existing implementations or some directions for further development of the DTTB system.
Chronic Patients' Emotions Toward Self-Managing Care IT: The Role of Health Centrality and Dependence on IT

Patients’ emotions toward health IT can play an important role in explaining their usage of it. One form of health IT is self-managing care IT, such as activity trackers that can be used by chronic patients to adopt a healthy lifestyle. The goal of this study is to understand the factors that influence the arousal of emotions in chronic patients while using these tools. Past studies, in general, tend to emphasize how IT shapes emotions, underplaying the role of the individual user’s identity and, specifically, how central health is to the user’s self in shaping emotions. In this research, the authors argue that patients’ health identity centrality (i.e., the extent to which they consider health as central to their sense of self) can play an important role in forming their dependence on health IT by affecting their use of it directly and shaping their emotions around it.
Opinion on the impact of non‐monotonic dose responses on EFSA′s human health risk assessments

Abstract This Opinion assesses the biological relevance of the non‐monotonic dose responses (NMDR) identified in a previous EFSA External Report (Beausoleil et al., 2016) produced under GP/EFSA/SCER/2014/01 and the follow‐up probabilistic assessment (Chevillotte et al., 2017a,b), focusing on the in vivo data sets fulfilling most of the checkpoints of the visual/statistical‐based analysis identified in Beausoleil et al. (2016). The evaluation was completed with cases discussed in EFSA assessments and the update of the scientific literature. Observations of NMDR were confirmed in certain studies and are particularly relevant for receptor‐mediated effects. Based on the results of the evaluation, the Opinion proposes an approach to be applied during the risk assessment process when apparent non‐monotonicity is observed, also providing advice on specific elements to be considered to facilitate the assessment of NMDR in EFSA risk assessments. The proposed approach was applied to two case studies, Bisphenol A and bis(2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and these evaluations are reported in dedicated annexes. Considering the potential impact of NMDRs in regulatory risk assessment, the Scientific Committee recommends a concerted international effort on developing internationally agreed guidance and harmonised frameworks for identifying and addressing NMDRs in the risk assessment process.
Treatment-seeking behaviour among persons with chronic diseases in Ghana: Does national health insurance status matter?

ABSTRACT This paper examines the effect of national health insurance on the choice of healthcare facility among diabetic and hypertensive patients in Ghana. The data for this paper came from a secondary source, and the conditional mixed processing approach was utilised to investigate the influence of health insurance status on healthcare facility choice among diabetic and hypertension patients. The study reveals that when compared with uninsured individuals suffering from hypertension/diabetes, insured individuals are more likely to attend formal healthcare facilities and herbal clinics/hospitals and less likely to attend traditional/spiritual healing centres instead of chemical shop/self-care. This work addresses the problem of unobserved heterogeneity (selection bias) by employing the conditional mixed processing approach to account for the potential that health insurance is endogenous to the choice of healthcare facility, which if not accounted for might lead to biased estimates.
Does Instructor Gender Matter for Student Performance in Introductory Physics?

A small number of prior studies have investigated whether instructor gender has a measurable impact on student course grades, though to our best knowledge no study has speciﬁcally examined physics courses. We explored the effect of instructor gender on student performance in calculus-based introductory physics courses at a large land-grant university. The data set included the scores on midterm, ﬁnal exams, and ﬁnal letter grades for more than 8200 students taught by 11 male and 4 female instructors between 2007-2018. We found no persistent correlation between student gendered performance and their instructor gender. While statistically signiﬁcant differences in student performance were found for particular exams or in ﬁnal letter grades, the effect sizes were weak or small. When comparing male and female instructors, we found that the instructor gender had a larger effect on female students than on their male classmates.
Transcriptional regulation of plant sugar transporter genes by beneficial rhizobacteria

ABSTRACT In their natural environment, plants live in close interaction with complex populations of microorganisms, including rhizobacteria species commonly referred to as ‘Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria’ (PGPR). A growing body of evidence demonstrates the importance of sugar transport in plant pathogen resistance and in plant-microorganism mutualistic symbioses. Using an in vitro experimental system, including the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, two PGPR strains (Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 and Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN) and a non-PGPR strain (Escherichia coli), we conducted a comprehensive set of phenotypic and gene expression analyses to explore the role and regulation of sugar transporter genes in plant-PGPR interactions. In physical contact with the seedling roots, or solely via the emission of bacterial volatile compounds, the two PGPR strains tested improved the growth and development of the Arabidopsis seedlings and altered the expression of several plant sugar transporter genes. Our results also revealed both conserved and strain-specific transcriptional regulation mechanisms.
Working it out: acute exercise to combat anxiety and depressive symptoms in individuals living with subsyndromal post-traumatic stress disorder

ABSTRACT Exercise has significantly reduced symptoms of mental health disorders, but often overlooked is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Purpose Examine the effects of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise (MICE) and high-intensity functional exercise (HIFE), relative to an inactive control (SED), in participants with subsyndromal PTSD (sub-PTSD). Methods: Participants [N = 24, 9 males; age (M ± SD) = 25.9 ± 9.2 yrs] with sub-PTSD completed a VO2max test on day 1. Participants then completed 35-min MICE, HIFE, and SED conditions on days 2-4. Exercise conditions included a 5-min warm-up and cool-down, with 25-min exercise between 65–70 percent VO2max for MICE and an average of 80.36 ± 6.95 percent VO2max for HIFE. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed before (Pre), immediately (Post0), 20-min (Post20) and 40-minutes after (Post40) each condition. Results Anxiety Post40 was significantly less than Pre for HIFE [d = 1.05], MICE [d = 0.78], and SED [d = 0.53]. Depression Post40 was significantly less than Pre for HIFE [d = 0.76], MICE [d = 0.84], and SED [d = 0.32]. Conclusion Exercise significantly reduced anxiety and depression to a greater extent than SED. This study provides evidence for exercise-induced short-term improvements in comorbid psychological conditions associated with sub-PTSD. Implications for individuals experiencing clinical levels of PTSD could be vast and warrant further investigation.
Adoption of Weaving Craftsmen Innovation

: This study aims to determine the effect of trialability, compatibility, perceived ease of use, perceived benefits on the adoption of innovation. This research uses a quantitative approach, in which data and information are collected using questionnaire tools. The unit of research analysis is the Weaving artisans in Lampung. This research uses 139 respondents. The analytical method used in testing hypotheses is multiple regression. The results of this study: there is a positive influence between experimentation, compatibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness together, or partially on the adoption of innovation.
Long-term survival and acute kidney injury during hospitalization after major neurosurgical procedure

Objective: Study the effect of acute kidney injury (AKI) on long-term survival in a large cohort of neurosurgical patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for at least 24 hours. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Academic tertiary medical center. Patients: The study consisted of 3,299 consecutive patients with no history of chronic kidney disease who were discharged after a major neurosurgical procedure at the University of Florida between 1992 and 2002. All patients were admitted to ICU postoperatively for at least twenty-four hours. Interventions: AKI was defined by the RIFLE classification (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End stage), which requires at least a 50% increase in serum creatinine, and stratifies patients into three grades of AKI: Risk, injury, and failure. Patient survival was determined through a search of the National Social Security Death Index. Long-term survival was analyzed with a risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model. Measurements and Main Results: Among hospital survivors, 10% had an episode of AKI while in the hospital; the occurrence of AKI was dependent on the type of surgery. In the risk-adjusted model, long-term mortality was proportional to the severity of kidney injury, with an adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.22) for RIFLERisk class and 1.45 (1.40-1.75) for the RIFLEFailure class compared to patients without AKI (p<0.001). The association between AKI and long-term mortality risk was dependent on the type of surgery. The survival rate was worse for patients with AKI among all surgery types, except spinal surgery. Conclusion: Postoperative AKI of even mild severity adversely impacts the long-term outcome of hospital survivors after major neurosurgical procedures. The degree of impact on mortality is dependent on the type of surgery. *Correspondence to: Azra Bihorac, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, PO Box 100224, Gainesville, FL 32610-0224; Tel: (352) 273-9009; Fax: (352) 392-5465; E-mail: abihorac@ufl.edu