Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved mTBI outcomes with a BCI Amplified CRT Training: A retrospective chart review

This study is a retrospective chart review of 200 clients who participated in a nonverbal restorative Cognitive Remediation Training (rCRT) program. The program was applied to effect proper neural functional remodeling needed to support resilient, flexible and adaptable behaviors after encountering a mild to medium closed head traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The rCRT training program focused on improving functional performance in executive cognitive control networks as defined by fMRI studies. All rCRT training activities were delivered in a semi-game-like manner, incorporating a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) that provided in-the-moment neural network performance integrity metrics (nPIMs) used to adjust the level of play required to properly engage long-term potentiation (LTP) and long term depreciation (LTD) network learning rules. This study reports on t-test and Reliable Change Index (RCI) changes found within cognitive abilities' performance metrics derived from the Woodcock Johnson Cognitive Abilities III Test. We compared pre and post scores from seven cognitive abilities considered dependent on executive cognitive control networks against seven non-executive control abilities. We observed significant improvements (p values 10-4 to 10-22) with large Cohen's d effect sizes (0.78-1.20) across thirteen cognitive ability domains with a medium effect size (.49) on the remaining. The mean percent change for pooled trained domain was double that observed for pooled untrained domain, at 17.2% versus 8.3%, respectively. To further adjust for practice effects, practice effect RCI values were computed and further supported the effectiveness of the rCRT training (RCI-trained 1.4 - 4.8; untrained RCI 0.08-0.75).
Establishment of DNA fingerprinting and analysis on genetic structure of different Parabramis and Megalobrama populations with microsatellite

In the study,18 pairs of primers which could give stable and polymorphic amplification profiles were screened out from 60 microsatellite loci and used to analyze the genetic structure of Parabramis and Megalobrama species. Meanw hile,the microsatellite DNA fingerprinting in six populations of genera Parabramis and Megalobrama was established based on the results of alleles of microsatellite loci by Popgen1. 32 softw are package and illustrative patterns were constructed by EXCEL office softw are,including tw o geographic populations of M. terminalis from Dong River( SJF1) and Qiantang River( SJF2),M. hoffmanni( GDF),M. pellegrini( HHF),M. amblycephala( TTF) and P. pekinensis( CCB). The results show ed that a total of 221 alleles were obtained from the six genera Parabramis and Megalobrama populations,and the alleles ranged from 2- 20 in each locus. The mean value of number on alleles( N a) of SJF1,SJF2,HHF,GDF,TTF and CCB was 5. 17,6. 11,3. 5,6. 56,5. 22 and 5. 22,the mean value of expected heterozygosity( H e) was 0. 634 2,0. 720 4,0. 546 2,0. 681 0,0. 675 2 and 0. 559 7,and the average value of polymorphism information content( PIC) was 0. 575 6,0. 666 9,0. 472 0,0. 630 6,0. 606 4 and 0. 517 0,respectively. It demonstrated that the genetic diversity of SJF2 was the highest and HHF was the low est among the six populations. Using unw eighted pair-group method with arithmetic means method( UPGMA) based on their genetic distances,the cluster analysis in six populations showed that SJF2 and TTF first grouped together,genetic distance was 0. 560 6; then they clustered with SJF1,GDF,HHF,CCB in sequence; the genetic distance betw een HHF and CCB was 1. 759 2,w hich was the farthest. In addition,nine pairs of specific microsatellite markers( TTF1,TTF2,TTF3,TTF7,TTF10,Mam03,Mam25,EST37 and EST66) were screened from microsatellite DNA fingerprinting which could be used to identify most of genera Parabramis and Megalobrama populations. Particularly,microsatellite primers( Mam03 or EST37) could differentiate P. pekinensis( CCB) from genus Megalobrama populations and microsatellite markers( TTF3, EST37,TTF2 / TTF10,EST66) combination could completely identify SJF1,HHF and GDF populations among Megalobrama spp. How ever,as a result of the relative consistency of the genetic characteristics, specific SSR markers,w hich could distinguish M. terminalis from Qiantang River( SJF2) and M. amblycephala( TTF),w ere not found. Overall,these results could provide a theoretical basis for germplasm conservation,species identification and genetic breeding of genera Parabramis and Megalobrama in China.
DBFOLD: An efficient algorithm for computing folding pathways of complex proteins

Atomistic simulations can provide valuable, experimentally-verifiable insights into protein folding mechanisms, but existing ab initio simulation methods are restricted to only the smallest proteins due to severe computational speed limits. The folding of larger proteins has been studied using native-centric potential functions, but such models omit the potentially crucial role of non-native interactions.Here, we present an algorithm, entitled DBFOLD, which can predict folding pathways for a wide range of proteins while accounting for the effects of non-native contacts. In addition, DBFOLD can predict the relative rates of different transitions within a protein’s folding pathway. To accomplish this, rather than directly simulating folding, our method combines equilibrium Monte-Carlo simulations, which deploy enhanced sampling, with unfolding simulations at high temperatures. We show that under certain conditions, trajectories from these two types of simulations can be jointly analyzed to compute unknown folding rates from detailed balance. This requires inferring free energies from the equilibrium simulations, and extrapolating transition rates from the unfolding simulations to lower, physiologically-reasonable temperatures at which the native state is marginally stable. As a proof of principle, we show that our method can accurately predict folding pathways and Monte-Carlo rates for the well-characterized Streptococcal protein G. We then show that our method significantly reduces the amount of computation time required to compute the folding pathways of large, misfolding-prone proteins that lie beyond the reach of existing direct simulation methods. Our algorithm, which is available online, can generate detailed atomistic models of protein folding mechanisms while shedding light on the role of non-native intermediates which may crucially affect organismal fitness and are frequently implicated in disease. Author summary Many proteins must adopt a specific structure in order to function. Computational simulations have been used to shed light on the mechanisms of protein folding, but unfortunately, realistic simulations can typically only be run for small proteins, due to severe limits in computational speed. Here, we present a method to solve this problem, whereby instead of directly simulating folding from an unfolded state, we run simulations that allow for computation of equilibrium folding free energies, alongside high temperature simulations to compute unfolding rates. From these quantities, folding rates can be computed using detailed balance. Importantly, our method can account for the effects of nonnative contacts which transiently form during folding and must be broken prior to adoption of the native state. Such contacts, which are often excluded from simple models of folding, may crucially affect real protein folding pathways and are often observed in folding intermediates implicated in disease.
Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris diet composition during extreme flow events in a large river

ABSTRACT Record flooding during 2011 caused the middle Missouri River to inundate its floodplain for much of the summer and fall. Subsequently, near-record drought during 2012 confined the river within its channel all year. Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris diet was compared between 2011 and 2012 to assess several aspects of their trophic ecology during two years with overtly different hydrographs. A total of 629 flathead catfish were collected across years and results indicated that stomachs were more full (p < 0.001) and fish were in better condition (p < 0.001) during 2011. Furthermore, empty stomachs were less frequent (p = 0.003) and flathead catfish transitioned to piscivory at smaller sizes during the flood year. Future work to assess the influence of hydrology on large river food webs will help resource managers determine the magnitude and frequency of flooding needed to maintain or enhance large river fisheries.
Relationships between mental health and diet during pregnancy and birth outcomes in a lower‐middle income country: “Healthy mothers, healthy communities” study in Vanuatu

Poor maternal mental health during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes, including lower birthweight and gestational age. However, few studies assess both mental health and diet, which might have interactive effects. Furthermore, most studies are in high‐income countries, though patterns might differ in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).
Ecology of the hyporheic zone: origins, current knowledge and future directions

Traian Orghidan's seminal paper on the hyporheic zone was published in German in Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 50 years ago. To celebrate this anniversary, it has now been translated into English and republished in Fundamental and Applied Limnology, the successor to Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, as part of this special issue on hyporheic zone ecology. Here we examine the development and current state of knowledge of four aspects of hyporheic zone ecology first articulated by Orghidan. First, we consider the ecotonal nature of the hyporheic zone (HZ) and its relationship to the wider stream ecosystem; second, surface water and groundwater habitat interconnectivity within the hyporheic zone; third, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the HZ and how this may influence its function as a refugium for taxa during disturbances; and lastly interactions between hyporheic invertebrates and pore water volume, bacterial densities and particulate organic carbon. We outline the characteristics of the hyporheic zone that may determine how effective it will be as a refugium for benthic taxa during disturbances and consider the biological traits of benthic species most able to utilise the HZ as a refugium. Finally, we examine an important avenue of research that has developed since Orghidans paper reflecting significant scientific and technological advances; the role of the hyporheic zone in stream nutrient dynamics. We conclude by considering some areas where further research is likely to advance our understanding of the hyporheic zone and its interaction with the wider stream ecosystem.
Improving Perioperative Cardiac Risk Stratification in Liver Transplant: A New Role for Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been recognized as a major cause of both short- and longterm morbidity and mortality in liver transplant (LT) recipients for nearly 2 decades (1). Despite a growing body of literature and LT center experience demonstrating this burden, mortality related to CVD following LT has increased by 50% over this period. In fact, CVD is currently the most common cause of death in the first year following LT and the third most common cause of late posttransplant mortality(2). This increase in CVD-related events after LT coincides with a shift in the demographics of patients undergoing transplant. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (including the well-recognized CVD risk factors obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus), is now the second leading etiology of liver disease in LT recipients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) (3). Furthermore, the age of LT recipients has steadily increased, with 20% being 65 years or older in the United States in 2017(4).
mRNA Vaccine Era—Mechanisms, Drug Platform and Clinical Prospection

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based drugs, notably mRNA vaccines, have been widely proven as a promising treatment strategy in immune therapeutics. The extraordinary advantages associated with mRNA vaccines, including their high efficacy, a relatively low severity of side effects, and low attainment costs, have enabled them to become prevalent in pre-clinical and clinical trials against various infectious diseases and cancers. Recent technological advancements have alleviated some issues that hinder mRNA vaccine development, such as low efficiency that exist in both gene translation and in vivo deliveries. mRNA immunogenicity can also be greatly adjusted as a result of upgraded technologies. In this review, we have summarized details regarding the optimization of mRNA vaccines, and the underlying biological mechanisms of this form of vaccines. Applications of mRNA vaccines in some infectious diseases and cancers are introduced. It also includes our prospections for mRNA vaccine applications in diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, such as tuberculosis. At the same time, some suggestions for future mRNA vaccine development about storage methods, safety concerns, and personalized vaccine synthesis can be found in the context.
Danish translation, cultural adaptation and initial validation of the Self-Assessment of modes questionnaire (D-SAMQ)

Abstract Background The Self-Assessment of Modes Questionnaire (SAMQ) was developed for occupational therapists (OTs) to identify their therapeutic style when interacting with clients. To provide Danish Occupational Therapists (OTs) with access to the SAMQ, a rigorous translation, cultural adaptation and validation are required. Aim To describe the process of translating and culturally adapting the SAMQ into Danish (D-SAMQ) and examining initial validation of the SAMQ in terms of relevance and comprehensiveness in a Danish context. Material and methods A 10-step process for translation and cultural adaptation was followed: (1) Preparation, (2) Forward translation, (3) Reconciliation, (4) Back translation, (5) Back-translation review, (6) Harmonization, (7) Cognitive debriefing, (8) Review of cognitive debriefing results and finalization, (9) Proofreading and (10) Final report. The cognitive debriefing also involved validation. Results Seven OTs and one OT student were included in the cognitive debriefing. Adaptations were made in eight of twenty cases, and modifications regarding the choice of words, sentence structure, and rephrasing were performed. The participants suggested more contextual details in the case descriptions. Conclusion The SAMQ was translated into Danish (D-SAMQ) and adapted and validated by Danish OTs. The D-SAMQ may enable OTs to identify their therapeutic style, and thereby improve the client–therapist relationship.
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and the Role of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging

Patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) have significantly higher rates of cardiovascular events, including hospitalization for heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and myocardial infarction (MI). In CMD, several pathophysiological changes lead to functional and structural abnormalities in the coronary microvasculature, which disrupt the ability of the vessels to vasodilate and augment myocardial blood flow in response to increased myocardial oxygen demand, causing ischemia and angina. With the advent of more advanced non-invasive cardiac imaging techniques, the coronary microvasculature has been subjected to more intense study in the past two decades—this has led to further insights into the diagnosis, pathophysiology, treatment, prognosis and follow-up of CMD. This review will highlight and compare the salient features of the currently available non-invasive imaging modalities used in these patients, and discuss the clinical utility of these techniques in the workup and management of these patients.
TinO2n−1 Suboxide Phases in TiO2/C Nanocomposites Engineered by Non-hydrolytic Sol–Gel with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Properties

We report a non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) route to engineer original mesoporous TinO2n−1@TiO2/C nanocomposites. The synthetic approach is straightforward, solvent-free, additive-free, and meets the challenge of atom economy, as it merely involves TiCl4 and THF in stoichiometric amounts. We found that these nanocomposites present enhanced electrocatalytic properties towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M KOH. We believe that these preliminary results will open a window of opportunity for the design of metal suboxides/carbon nanocomposites through NHSG routes.
Machine Learning-Based Activity Pattern Classification Using Personal PM2.5 Exposure Information

The activity pattern is a significant factor in identifying hotspots of personal exposure to air pollutants, such as PM2.5. However, the recording process of an activity pattern can be annoying to study participants, because they are often asked to bring a diary or a tracking recorder to write or validate their activity patterns when they change their activity profiles. Furthermore, the accuracy of the records of activity patterns can be lower, because people can mistakenly record them. Thus, this paper proposes an idea to overcome these problems and make the whole data-collection process easier and more reliable. Our idea was based on transforming training data using the statistical properties of the children’s personal exposure level to PM2.5, temperature, and relative humidity and applying the properties to a decision tree algorithm for classification of activity patterns. From our final machine-learning modeling processes, we observed that the accuracy for activity-pattern classification was more than 90% in both the training and test data. We believe that our methodology can be used effectively in data-collection tasks and alleviate the annoyance that study participants may feel.
Anisotropic ultrasensitive PdTe2-based phototransistor for room-temperature long-wavelength detection

PdTe2-based photodetectors reveal anisotropic and highly efficient intraband photocurrents at long wavelength. Emergent topological Dirac semimetals afford fresh pathways for optoelectronics, although device implementation has been elusive to date. Specifically, palladium ditelluride (PdTe2) combines the capabilities provided by its peculiar band structure, with topologically protected electronic states, with advantages related to the occurrence of high-mobility charge carriers and ambient stability. Here, we demonstrate large photogalvanic effects with high anisotropy at terahertz frequency in PdTe2-based devices. A responsivity of 10 A/W and a noise-equivalent power lower than 2 pW/Hz0.5 are achieved at room temperature, validating the suitability of PdTe2-based devices for applications in photosensing, polarization-sensitive detection, and large-area fast imaging. Our findings open opportunities for exploring uncooled and sensitive photoelectronic devices based on topological semimetals, especially in the highly pursuit terahertz band.
Perceived Stress, Stigma, Traumatic Stress Levels and Coping Responses amongst Residents in Training across Multiple Specialties during COVID-19 Pandemic—A Longitudinal Study

This study aimed to explore changes in psychological responses (perceived stress, traumatic stress, stigma, coping) over time in residents, as well as their predictors. The level of perceived stress, traumatic stress, stigma, and coping responses were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale, Impact of Event-Revised, Healthcare Workers Stigma Scale, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Inventory, respectively. We collected responses from 274 residents at baseline and 221 residents at 3 months follow-up (timepoint 2) from the National Healthcare Group (NHG) residency programs in Singapore. All residents reported lower perceived stress and lower perceived stigma compared to baseline. Use of avoidance coping was associated with all three psychological responses (perceived stress, traumatic stress, and stigma) across the two timepoints. Compared to baseline, specific factors associated with perceived stress and traumatic stress at timepoint 2 were living alone, less problem solving, and seeking social support. Residency programs should encourage active coping strategies (e.g., seeking social support, positive thinking, problem solving) among residents, and proactively identify residents who may be at higher risk of psychological sequelae due to circumstances that contribute to isolation.
Acquisition of handwriting in children with and without dysgraphia: A computational approach

Handwriting is a complex skill to acquire and it requires years of training to be mastered. Children presenting dysgraphia exhibit difficulties automatizing their handwriting. This can bring anxiety and can negatively impact education. 280 children were recruited in schools and specialized clinics to perform the Concise Evaluation Scale for Children’s Handwriting (BHK) on digital tablets. Within this dataset, we identified children with dysgraphia. Twelve digital features describing handwriting through different aspects (static, kinematic, pressure and tilt) were extracted and used to create linear models to investigate handwriting acquisition throughout education. K-means clustering was performed to define a new classification of dysgraphia. Linear models show that three features only (two kinematic and one static) showed a significant association to predict change of handwriting quality in control children. Most kinematic and statics features interacted with age. Results suggest that children with dysgraphia do not simply differ from ones without dysgraphia by quantitative differences on the BHK scale but present a different development in terms of static, kinematic, pressure and tilt features. The K-means clustering yielded 3 clusters (Ci). Children in C1 presented mild dysgraphia usually not detected in schools whereas children in C2 and C3 exhibited severe dysgraphia. Notably, C2 contained individuals displaying abnormalities in term of kinematics and pressure whilst C3 regrouped children showing mainly tilt problems. The current results open new opportunities for automatic detection of children with dysgraphia in classroom. We also believe that the training of pressure and tilt may open new therapeutic opportunities through serious games.
CMOS Depth Image Sensor with Offset Pixel Aperture Using a Back-Side Illumination Structure for Improving Disparity

This paper presents a CMOS depth image sensor with offset pixel aperture (OPA) using a back-side illumination structure to improve disparity. The OPA method is an efficient way to obtain depth information with a single image sensor without additional external factors. Two types of apertures (i.e., left-OPA (LOPA) and right-OPA (ROPA)) are applied to pixels. The depth information is obtained from the disparity caused by the phase difference between the LOPA and ROPA images. In a CMOS depth image sensor with OPA, disparity is important information. Improving disparity is an easy way of improving the performance of the CMOS depth image sensor with OPA. Disparity is affected by pixel height. Therefore, this paper compared two CMOS depth image sensors with OPA using front-side illumination (FSI) and back-side illumination (BSI) structures. As FSI and BSI chips are fabricated via different processes, two similar chips were used for measurement by calculating the ratio of the OPA offset to pixel size. Both chips were evaluated for chief ray angle (CRA) and disparity in the same measurement environment. Experimental results were then compared and analyzed for the two CMOS depth image sensors with OPA.