Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistics using R ( spring of 2017 ) Computer lab : Multivariate Plots , Principal Component Analysis and Discriminant Analysis April

Consider a data matrix X of real numbers with n rows and k columns. We view the rows X1, . ,Xn as independent samples from a multivariate distribution with mean vector μ and covariance matrix Σ. Can we visualize X in some easy way? One possibility is to use heat plots (also known as heat maps). These are constructed as follows: think of a rectangular matrix in which column (or row) standardized observation numbers are substituted by colored squares in a continuous color scale, e.g. intensely green color for very negative values, intensely red color for very positive values and some suitable interpolation for the numbers in between. By sorting both rows and columns in various ways, one can get a convenient visual overview of all the vectors. Observe that the data structure and information after such sorting is kept fully intact. In genomics such plots were introduced by Eisen et al. (1998), and in this branch they are often called Eisen-plots after him. An interesting historical sketch is given in (Wilkinson and Friendly, 2009). There are many options available for hierarchical clustering. It can be performed in a sequential manner from the root of a tree (divisive methods) or it can start by merging leaves in the tree (agglomerative methods). The measures of similarity or distance between objects and the groups of objects that are clustered can be varied in many different ways. A quite pedagogical account of traditional clustering terminology and ideas is given by Jain et al. (1999). One option for the sorting is to use hierarchical clustering and display the result as trees in which observation vectors that are similar are displayed near to each other in the row sorting and highly correlated column patterns are also sorted together.
220 GHz membrane supported folded slot antenna array

This paper presents the design, electromagnetic modeling, fabrication and characterization of a Folded Slot Antenna Array (FSAA) working at 220 GHz. The structure was processed on a 2.1 μm thick SiO2/Si3N4 dielectric membrane released through deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of low-resistivity (p = 10 Ω ·cm) silicon. The antenna was characterized on wafer, showing good agreement with simulated results. The measured calibrated gain is 5.5 dB at 220 GHz, and is greater than 0 dB between 200-250 GHz.
Explorations in Identifying and Summarizing Subjective Content in Text

The extraction and summarization of opinions in text is a useful task that lends itself naturally to connectionist models of sequential data analysis, such as RNNs and LSTMs. Recent work by Irsoy et al. [11] has shown that RNNs (particularly bidirectional deep RNNs) can be quite successfully applied to the task of identifying opinionated phrases in text. Further, Wang et al. [19] have worked on the problem of generating abstractive summaries of opinionated text using an attention-based model and an LSTM neural network. In this work, we explore both these tasks by training various models to perform them, thereby advancing our understanding of the implementation, advantages and challenges of the current approaches to identifying and summarizing opinionated text.
Mobility support in IPv6

This document specifies Mobile IPv6, a protocol which allows nodes to remain reachable while moving around in the IPv6 Internet. Each mobile node is always identified by its home address, regardless of its current point of attachment to the Internet. While situated away from its home, a mobile node is also associated with a care-of address, which provides information about the mobile node's current location. IPv6 packets addressed to a mobile node's home address are transparently routed to its care-of address. The protocol enables IPv6 nodes to cache the binding of a mobile node's home address with its care-of address, and to then send any packets destined for the mobile node directly to it at this care-of address. To support this operation, Mobile IPv6 defines a new IPv6 protocol and a new destination option. All IPv6 nodes, whether mobile or stationary, can communicate with mobile nodes. This document obsoletes RFC 3775.
A strategy for acquiring an environmental model with panoramic sensing by a mobile robot

This paper presents a strategy of a vision-guided mobile robot for making models of an unknown environment by panoramic sensing. Before moving in the environment, the robot looks around and finds an outline structure of the local environment as a reference frame for building the models. Then the robot builds the models, which are qualitative, while moving along the local structure. We have implemented the robot behaviors into a mobile robot with multiple vision agents which simultaneously execute different vision tasks needed for the panoramic sensing. <<ETX>>
Representations and Requirements: The Value of Ethnography in System Design

For a number of reasons, systems designers have recently shown considerable interest in ethnography. For the most part, this has been used as a method for the specification of end-user requirements for systems. In this article, I argue that most of this interest is predicated in a misunderstanding of ethnography's role in social science. Instead of focusing on its analytic aspects, designers have defined it as a form of data collection. They have done this for very good, design-relevant reasons, but designers do not need ethnography to do what they wish to do. In the central part of this article, I introduce and illustrate an approach to analytic ethnography in human-computer interaction. In the latter sections I take this approach and show how it opens up the play of possibilities for design. These possibilities are illustrated by counterpoising a summary logic of organizational structure such as that associated with the calculus of efficiency and productivity with the local logics of daily organizational life.
Method, findings, and theory in studies of visual masking.

Classifies the various paradigms in the study of visual masking and relates them to cases of interference among cotemporaneous stimuli. The dependent variables in masking studies are described. A distinction between criterion content and criterion level is introduced in the discussion of detection under masking and metacontrast. Various conceptions of identification of forms under masking and the contributions of masking effects to the study of psychological time are reviewed. (3 p. ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) Language: en
Analysis of calstabin 2 ( FKBP 12 . 6 ) – ryanodine receptor interactions : Rescue of heart failure by calstabin 2 in mice

The ryanodine receptor (RyR) calcium-release channel on the sarcoplasmic reticulum mediates intracellular calcium release required for striated muscle contraction. RyR2, the predominant isoform in cardiac myocytes, comprises a macromolecular complex that includes calstabin2 (FKBP12.6). Calstabin2, an 11.8-kDa cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (apparent molecular mass 12.6 kDa), stabilizes the closed state of the RyR2 channel, but the mechanism by which it achieves this regulation is not fully understood. Protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of RyR2 decreases the affinity of calstabin2 for the RyR2 channel complex. In the present study we identified key aspartic acid residues on calstabin2 that are involved in binding to RyR2 and likely play a role in PKA phosphorylationinduced dissociation of calstabin2 from RyR2. We show that a mutant calstabin2 in which a key negatively charged residue (Asp-37) has been neutralized binds to a mutant RyR2 channel that mimics constitutively PKA-phosphorylated RyR2 (RyR2–S2808D). Furthermore, using wild-type and genetically altered murine models of heart failure induced by myocardial infarction, we show that manipulating the stoichiometry between calstabin2 and RyR2 can restore normal cardiac function in vivo.
Sensory analysis and consumer acceptance of 140 high-quality extra virgin olive oils.

BACKGROUND Sensory analysis is a crucial tool for evaluating the quality of extra virgin olive oils. One aim of such an investigation is to verify if the sensory attributes themselves - which are strictly related to volatile and phenolic compounds - may permit the discrimination of high-quality products obtained by olives of different cultivars and/or grown in various regions. Moreover, a crucial topic is to investigate the interdependency between relevant parameters determining consumer acceptance and objective sensory characteristics evaluated by the panel test. RESULTS By statistically analysing the sensory results, a grouping - but not discriminatory - effect was shown for some cultivars and some producing areas. The preference map shows that the most appreciated samples by consumers were situated in the direction of the 'ripe fruity' and 'sweet' axis and opposite to the 'bitter' and 'other attributes' (pungent, green fruity, freshly cut grass, green tomato, harmony, persistency) axis. CONCLUSION Extra virgin olive oils produced from olives of the same cultivars and grown in the same areas shared similar sensorial attributes. Some differences in terms of expectation and interpretation of sensory characteristics of extra virgin olive oils might be present for consumers and panellists: most of the consumers appear unfamiliar with positive sensorial attributes, such as bitterness and pungency.
Episodes as Chunks in Narrative Memory

Story statements cluster into episodes, so we expected the memory representations of statements to cluster into separate episode chunks in memory. Experiment 1 confirmed this chunking idea by showing that the recall of episode actions depends on the length of that episode, but not on the lengths of other episodes. Specifically, adding more actions to an episode increased recall of the original actions but didn't affect recall of other episodes. Further, subjects rated the original actions as more important than the added actions, thus suggesting that unimportant actions increased the recall of important actions in that episode. Another experiment showed that the more subordinate actions an episode contains, the more likely a statement summarizing that episode is to be recalled.
Improving the performance of multi-dimensional access structures based on k-d-trees

In recent years, various k-d-tree based multidimensional access structures have been proposed. All these structures share an average bucket utilization of at most ln 2/spl ap/69.3%. We present two algorithms which perform local redistributions of objects to improve the storage utilization of these access structures. We show that under fair conditions a good improvement algorithm can save up to 20% of space and up to 15% of query processing time. On the other hand we also show that a local redistribution scheme designed without care, can improve the storage utilization and at the same time worsen the performance of range queries drastically. Furthermore we show the dependencies between split strategies and local redistribution schemes and the general limitations which can be derived from these dependencies.
On recurrent neural networks for auto-similar traffic prediction: A performance evaluation

The NARX network is a recurrent neural architecture commonly used for input-output modelling of nonlinear systems. The input of the NARX network is formed by two tapped-delay lines, one sliding over the input signal and the other one over the output signal. Currently, when applied to nonlinear time series prediction, the NARX architecture is designed as a plain Focused Time Delay Neural Network (FTDNN); thus, limiting its predictive abilities. In this paper, we propose a strategy that allows the original NARX architecture to fully exploit its computational resources to improve prediction performance. We use real-world VBR video traffic time series to evaluate the proposed approach in multi-step-ahead prediction tasks. The results show that the proposed approach consistently outperforms standard neural network based predictors, such as the FTDNN and Flman architectures.
The utility of DNA sequences of an intron from the beta-fibrinogen gene in phylogenetic analysis of woodpeckers (Aves: Picidae).

Estimating phylogenies from DNA sequence data has become the major methodology of molecular phylogenetics. To date, molecular phylogenetics of the vertebrates has been very dependent on mtDNA, but studies involving mtDNA are limited because the several genes comprising the mt-genome are inherited as a single linkage group. The only apparent solution to this problem is to sequence additional genes, each representing a distinct linkage group, so that the resultant gene trees provide independent estimates of the species tree. There exists the need to find novel gene sequences which contain enough phylogenetic information to resolve relationships between closely related species. A possible source is the nuclear-encoded introns, because they evolve more rapidly than exons. We designed primers to amplify and sequence the 7 intron from the beta-fibrinogen gene for a recently evolved group, the woodpeckers. We sequenced the entire intron for 10 specimens representing five species. Nucleotide substitutions are randomly distributed along the length of the intron, suggesting selective neutrality. A preliminary analysis indicates that the phylogenetic signal in the intron is as strong as that in the mitochondrial encoded cytochrome b (cyt b) gene. The topology of the beta-fibrinogen tree is identical to that of the cyt b tree. This analysis demonstrates the ability of the 7 intron of beta-fibrinogen to provide well resolved, independent gene trees for recently evolved groups and establishes it as a source of sequences to be used in other phylogenetic studies.
A Novel Pedestrian Detector on Low-Resolution Images: Gradient LBP Using Patterns of Oriented Edges

This paper introduces a simple algorithm for pedestrian detection on low resolution images. The main objective is to create a successful means for real-time pedestrian detection. While the framework of the system consists of edge orientations combined with the local binary patterns (LBP) feature extractor, a novel way of selecting the threshold is introduced. Using the mean-variance of the background examples this threshold improves significantly the detection rate as well as the processing time. Furthermore, it makes the system robust to uniformly cluttered backgrounds, noise and light variations. The test data is the INRIA pedestrian dataset and for the classification, a support vector machine with a radial basis function (RBF) kernel is used. The system performs at state-of-the-art detection rates while being intuitive as well as very fast which leaves sufficient processing time for further operations such as tracking and danger estimation. key words: local binary patterns, pedestrian detection, object recognition, support vector machine
Skeletal muscle PGC‐1α modulates systemic ketone body homeostasis and ameliorates diabetic hyperketonemia in mice

Ketone bodies (KBs) are crucial energy substrates during states of low carbohydrate availability. However, an aberrant regulation of KB homeostasis can lead to complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Exercise and diabetes affect systemic KB homeostasis, but the regulation of KB metabolism is still enigmatic. In our study in mice with either knockout or overexpression of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator (PGC)‐1α in skeletal muscle, PGC‐1α regulated ketolytic gene transcription in muscle. Furthermore, KB homeostasis of these mice was investigated during withholding of food, exercise, and ketogenic diet feeding, and after streptozotocin injection. In response to these ketogenic stimuli, modulation of PGC‐1α levels in muscle affected systemic KB homeostasis. Moreover, the data demonstrate that skeletal muscle PGC‐1α is necessary for the enhanced ketolytic capacity in response to exercise training and overexpression of PGC‐1α in muscle enhances systemic ketolytic capacity and is sufficient to ameliorate diabetic hyperketonemia in mice. In cultured myotubes, the transcription factor estrogen‐related receptor‐α was a partner of PGC‐1α in the regulation of ketolytic gene transcription. These results demonstrate a central role of skeletal muscle PGC‐1α in the transcriptional regulation of systemic ketolytic capacity. —Svensson, K. , Albert, V. , Cardel, B. , Salatino, S. , Handschin, C. Skeletal muscle PGC‐1α modulates systemic ketone body homeostasis and ameliorates diabetic hyperketonemia in mice. FASEB J. 30, 1976–1986 (2016). www.fasebj. org
Optimal Learning with Progressive Accuracy for Function Representations in Orthogonal Wavelet Neural Network (WNN)

This paper illustrates the procedure that takes advantage of the properties of discrete wavelet frames so as to improve the learning efficiency of static model representations. The focus is on using orthonormal basis functions due to its convergence properties and compactly supported in frequency domain. The network trained with stochastic gradient type algorithm is presented. Results obtained for modeling two simulated processes are compared with reported bench mark results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Suspensions thermal noise in the LIGO gravitational wave detector

We present a calculation of the maximum sensitivity achievable by the LIGO gravitational wave detector in construction, due to limiting thermal noise of its suspensions. We present a method to calculate thermal noise that allows the prediction of the suspension thermal noise in all of its six degrees of freedom, from the energy dissipation due to the elasticity of the suspension wires. We show how this approach encompasses and explains previous ways to approximate the thermal noise limit in gravitational wave detectors. We show how this approach can be extended to more complicated suspensions to be used in future LIGO detectors.
Steady state analysis of power converters via a complementarity approach

Power electronics converters represent an interesting class of switched systems. They can be assumed to consist of linear elements, external sources, and electronic devices such as diodes and electronic switches. The behavior of the converter is obtained by the commutations of the electronic devices which determine the switchings among the different converter modes. In general it is difficult to know a priori the sequence of modes and also steady state behaviors are typically obtained through long time-stepping simulations or by introducing severe approximations in the spectrum of the electrical variables (averaging, fundamental mode approximation, etc.). In this paper the complementarity modeling framework is proposed as a possible approach for computing steady state oscillations in power converters. Given a converter topology it is shown how to obtain its switched complementarity model. The discretization of such model allows to formulate a static complementarity problem whose solution represents the `exact' steady state behavior of the converter. A resonant converter and a dc/dc buck converter are used as examples in order to show the effectiveness of the approach.
Indeterminate Organization of the Visual System

The classic view of how the brain areas that control vision are connected is a complicated wiring diagram devised by manual sorting on the basis of existing anatomical data [D. J. Felleman and D. C. Van Essen, Cereb. Cortex 1, 1 (1991)]. Now, in this issue's Enhanced Perspective, Hilgetag and co-workers have used a computer algorithm to test whether there is a better way to organize the connections. They find that the brain is surprisingly indeterminate, and that no single hierarchy can satisfactorily represent the order implied by the anatomical data. A more detailed explanation of their analysis and a list of predictions derived from their hierarchies that will be particularly informative to test experimentally can be found on the home page of the authors.
An improved current compensation method for high PF and low THD in digital boost power factor corrector

Continuous conduction mode (CCM) boost power factor corrector (PFC) is widely used for high power applications such as server power supply. PFC performs AC/DC conversion with nearly unity power factor (PF) and low current harmonic distortion. However, the electromagnetic interference filter capacitors in front of the bridge diode and input filter capacitor behind the bridge diode incur phase leading of input current. This phenomenon reduces PF. In this paper, an improved digital compensation method for phase leading of input current in CCM boost PFC is proposed. By using this method, the power system can achieve high PF and low total harmonic distortion. Moreover, it is very simple to implement and has short computation time in digital controller. The principle and analysis of the proposed method are presented. The performance and feasibility are verified by experimental results from the high line, i.e. 230vrms input, 750W/400V output prototype.
Functional analysis of the β2 -tubulin gene of Fusarium graminearum and the β-tubulin gene of Botrytis cinerea by homologous replacement.

BACKGROUND Resistance to carbendazim and other benzimidazole fungicides in Botrytis cinerea and most other fungi is usually conferred by one or several allelic mutations in the β-tubulin. Carbendazim resistance in Fusarium graminearum, however, differs from that in B. cinerea and other fungi in that F. graminearum has two β-tubulins (Fgtub1 and Fgtub2) rather than one, and the resistance is conferred by mutations in the β2 -tubulin. In a previous study, the β1 -tubulin of F. graminearum (Fgtub1) was replaced with the β-tubulin of B. cinerea conferring carbendazim resistance (BctubE198A). The transformants were sensitive to carbendazim. RESULTS BctubE198A was successfully transferred into the β2 -tubulin locus of F. graminearum (Fgtub2) via homologous replacement. The mutants were still sensitive to carbendazim. Furthermore, Fgtub2 of the mutant 20C1 (Fgtub1 had been replaced with BctubE198A) and Fgtub1 of the mutant 20D10 (Fgtub2 had been replaced with BctubE198A) were deleted. Surprisingly, the mutants were also sensitive to carbendazim. Meanwhile, the biological characteristics of all the mutants were determined. CONCLUSION The B. cinerea β-tubulin (Bctub) could complement the function of the two F. graminearum β-tubulins even when both were deleted. Expression of the β-tubulin conferring carbendazim resistance differs between pathogenic fungi.