Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bringing the Spirit of Industry into the Engineering- Technology Classroom

An engineering-technology program requires—by its very nature—students to be comfortable with industry standards and practices. One of the ways to achieve this goal is incorporating industrial documents into the teaching material. This paper describes an example of this approach: studying the properties of a multimode optical fiber, MMF, in an optical-communication course based on industrial documentation. Teaching MMF is particularly tricky because industry documentations contain only MMF specifications without explanations of the physical mechanisms that underlie these specifications. What’s more, these mechanisms can’t be investigated by direct measurements in a laboratory. Needles to say, engineering-technology students must know these mechanisms to comprehend the existing industry developments and to find the solutions to the technical problems that will arise in the future. This paper demonstrates how our approach to teaching the topic enables us to connect every specification given in industry documents with the mechanism of an MMF operation.
Explorer Discovering Conditional Functional Dependencies

This paper investigates the discovery of conditional functional dependencies (CFDs). CFDs are a recent extension of functional dependencies (FDs) by supporting patterns of semantically related constants, and can be used as rules for cleaning relational data. However, finding quality CFDs is an expensive process that involves intensive manual effort. To effectively identify data cleaning rules, we develop techniques for discovering CFDs from relations. Already hard for traditional FDs, the discovery problem is more difficult for CFDs. Indeed, mining patterns in CFDs introduces new challenges. We provide three methods for CFD discovery. The first, referred to as CFDMiner, is based on techniques for mining closed item sets, and is used to discover constant CFDs, namely, CFDs with constant patterns only. Constant CFDs are particularly important for object identification, which is essential to data cleaning and data integration. The other two algorithms are developed for discovering general CFDs. One algorithm, referred to as CTANE, is a levelwise algorithm that extends TANE, a well-known algorithm for mining FDs. The other, referred to as FastCFD, is based on the depth-first approach used in FastFD, a method for discovering FDs. It leverages closed-item-set mining to reduce the search space. As verified by our experimental study, CFDMiner can be multiple orders of magnitude faster than CTANE and FastCFD for constant CFD discovery. CTANE works well when a given relation is large, but it does not scale well with the arity of the relation. FastCFD is far more efficient than CTANE when the arity of the relation is large; better still, leveraging optimization based on closed-item-set mining, FastCFD also scales well with the size of the relation. These algorithms provide a set of cleaning-rule discovery tools for users to choose for different applications.
Preparation and Properties of Crosslinked Silk Fibroin Film

In this study, regenerated silk fibroin (SF) film was prepared by using 1-ethyl-3- (3- dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as cross-linking agent and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (MES) as assistant agent. To evaluate the effects of EDC cross-linking agent on SF film performence, the water resistance, condensed structure, tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus of crosslinked film were examined and analyzed. The water solubility and Young's modulus of the film with 20 wt% EDC decreased remarkably, while film elongation increased. Further, the FTIR, Raman spectra and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were employed to investigate the molecule conformation transition and insight the mechanism of the crosslinking. The results demonstrated that crosslinked film contained more silk I when ~20 wt% EDC (weight ratio to SF) was added. When more than 20 wt%, the content of silk I decreased remarkably while that of silk II increased in the SF film. Due to the reaction of EDC, carboxylic acid groups and amino groups were bound by amide bond formation between the SF molecules. The NHS plays an activation of -OH group; the MES creates a faintly acid condition to be beneficial for the cross-link reaction. This study provided an important method to prepare insoluble SF materials and promoted application of the SF materials.
The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms on a Local Level: Exploring the Determinants of Cultivation Bans

This study investigates municipalities’ regulatory activities in the field of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) for agricultural use. To explore the determinants of these activities, the case of Germany was selected as in this country, municipalities have legal possibilities to impose local GMO cultivation bans. Using data from 131 local council resolutions, the combination of qualitative and quantitative content analysis shows that, in most cases, no single factors, but a variety of factors lead to regulatory activity. The study reveals that functional motivations to prevent negative socio-economic effects or impacts on the environment or human health are decisive for municipalities’ decisions to regulate. Furthermore, the results of the quantitative analysis unveil that municipalities often refer to both socio-economic reasons and risks for the environment and human health when justifying their decisions. Moreover, the results indicate that local policymakers impose popular cultivation bans to promote their own political success. Finally, the horizontal diffusion of regulations between municipalities, but also vertical diffusion from higher political levels can be observed. Overall, the results of this study on GMOs on a local level further emphasize the importance of analyzing the interdependencies between agroecosystems and socio-economic systems in their full complexity.
A decade of CH4, CO and N2O in situ measurements at Lauder, New Zealand: assessing the long-term performance of a Fourier transform infrared trace gas and isotope analyser

Abstract. We present a 10-year (January 2007–December 2016) time series of continuous in situ measurements of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) made by an in situ Fourier transform infrared trace gas and isotope analyser (FTIR) operated at Lauder, New Zealand (45.04 S, 169.68 E, 370 m a. m. s. l.). Being the longest continuous deployed operational FTIR system of this type, we are in an ideal position to perform a practical evaluation of the multi-year performance of the analyser. The operational methodology, measurement precision, reproducibility, accuracy and instrument reliability are reported. We find the FTIR has a measurement repeatability of the order of 0.37 ppb (1σ standard deviation) for CH4, 0.31 ppb for CO and 0.12 ppb for N2O. Regular target cylinder measurements provide a reproducibility estimate of 1.19 ppb for CH4, 0.74 ppb for CO and 0.27 ppb for N2O. FTIR measurements are compared to co-located ambient air flask samples acquired at Lauder since May 2009, which allows a long-term assessment of the FTIR data set across annual and seasonal composition changes. Comparing FTIR and co-located flask measurements show that the bias (FTIR minus flask) for CH4 of −1.02 ± 2.61 ppb and CO of −0.43 ± 1.60 ppb are within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW)-recommended compatibility goals of 2 ppb. The N2O FTIR flask bias of −0.01 ± 0.77 ppb is within the GAW-recommended compatibility goals of 0.1 ppb and should be viewed as a serendipitous result due to the large standard deviation along with known systematic differences in the measurement sets. Uncertainty budgets for each gas are also constructed based on instrument precision, reproducibility and accuracy. In the case of CH4, systematic uncertainty dominates, whilst for CO and N2O it is comparable to the random uncertainty component. The long-term instrument stability, precision estimates and flask comparison results indicate the FTIR CH4 and CO time series meet the GAW compatibility recommendations across multiple years of operation (and instrument changes) and are sufficient to capture annual trends and seasonal cycles observed at Lauder. The differences between FTIR and flask N2O measurements need to be reconciled. Trend analysis of the 10-year time series captures seasonal cycles and the secular upward trend of CH4 and N2O. The CH4 and CO time series have the required precision and accuracy at a high enough temporal resolution to be used in inversion models in a data-sparse region of the world.
Transition Metal Oxides for Organic Electronics: Energetics, Device Physics and Applications

During the last few years, transition metal oxides (TMO) such as molybdenum tri‐oxide (MoO3), vanadium pent‐oxide (V2O5) or tungsten tri‐oxide (WO3) have been extensively studied because of their exceptional electronic properties for charge injection and extraction in organic electronic devices. These unique properties have led to the performance enhancement of several types of devices and to a variety of novel applications. TMOs have been used to realize efficient and long‐term stable p‐type doping of wide band gap organic materials, charge‐generation junctions for stacked organic light emitting diodes (OLED), sputtering buffer layers for semi‐transparent devices, and organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with improved charge extraction, enhanced power conversion efficiency and substantially improved long term stability. Energetics in general play a key role in advancing device structure and performance in organic electronics; however, the literature provides a very inconsistent picture of the electronic structure of TMOs and the resulting interpretation of their role as functional constituents in organic electronics. With this review we intend to clarify some of the existing misconceptions. An overview of TMO‐based device architectures ranging from transparent OLEDs to tandem OPV cells is also given. Various TMO film deposition methods are reviewed, addressing vacuum evaporation and recent approaches for solution‐based processing. The specific properties of the resulting materials and their role as functional layers in organic devices are discussed.
odelling leaf mass per area in forest canopy as ffected by prevailing radiation conditions

Leaf mass per area (LMA) is a key leaf trait, which conditions the assessment of carbon balance and the adaptation of the species to their environment. LMA decreases exponentially within the canopy at a lower rate coefficient (kLMA) than the extinction coefficient (kPAR) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); consequently the canopy is not fully optimized for the carbon balance. A new algorithm to simulate LMA in forest canopies is developed. The algorithm is based on a relationship between LMA of leaves at a given canopy depth and PAR, that they absorb, during leaf growth. The LMA sub-model is then tested against independent experimental data to demonstrate its validity to assess (i) the LMA vertical distribution inside the canopy, (ii) its evolution during the season and (iii) the variability observed between sites, years and species. Then, the LMA sub-model is coupled with a
Title Impacts of cloud superparameterization on projected daily rainfall intensity climate changes in multiple versions of the Community Earth System Model Permalink

Changes in the character of rainfall are assessed using a holistic set of statistics based on rainfall frequency and amount distributions in climate change experiments with three conventional and superparameterized versions of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM and SPCAM). Previous work has shown that high-order statistics of present-day rainfall intensity are significantly improved with superparameterization, especially in regions of tropical convection. Globally, the two modeling approaches project a similar future increase in mean rainfall, especially across the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and at high latitudes, but over land, SPCAM predicts a smaller mean change than CAM. Changes in high-order statistics are similar at high latitudes in the two models but diverge at lower latitudes. In the tropics, SPCAM projects a large intensification of moderate and extreme rain rates in regions of organized convection associated with the Madden Julian Oscillation, ITCZ, monsoons, and tropical waves. In contrast, this signal is missing in all versions of CAM, which are found to be prone to predicting increases in the amount but not intensity of moderate rates. Predictions from SPCAM exhibit a scale-insensitive behavior with little dependence on horizontal resolution for extreme rates, while lower resolution ( 28) versions of CAM are not able to capture the response simulated with higher resolution ( 18). Moderate rain rates analyzed by the ‘‘amount mode’’ and ‘‘amount median’’ are found to be especially telling as a diagnostic for evaluating climate model performance and tracing future changes in rainfall statistics to tropical wave modes in SPCAM.
Automated Segmentation and Measurement for Cancer Classification of HER2/neu Status in Breast Carcinomas

The HER2/neu protein is over-expressed in 20%30% of breast cancer cases, and is significantly associated with increased breast cancer recurrence and worse prognosis. The assessment of HER2 protein level is visualized using immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays, which is subjected to inter-observer and intra-observer variability. In this paper, we reduce variability by an automated segmentation and measurement system for IHC-stained breast tissue images. From the dataset of breast tissue images, the system is able to obtain the nuclei and the orange stained cell membranes of the cells, quantify the continuous orange hue of the cell membranes, and identify nuclei that are bounded by orange stained cell membrane. This system also suggests a putative assessment classification score for each image based on the same assessment protocol specified for histopathologist. Using the dataset of 42 clinically IHC-scored images, the system correctly suggested the corresponding putative assessment classification score for 39 of the images, achieving an accuracy
Evaluation of Culture Filtrate of an Entomopathogenic Bacterium for Nematicidal Properties Against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita.

Bacterial culture, its culture filtrate and organic extract were tested invitro against infective juveniles (IJ) of Meloidogyne incognita . Nematicidal activity was observed in 24-96h exposure time with bacterial culture, cell free culture filtrate and organic crude extract at various concentrations. Mortality rate increased with concentration and exposure time. Bacterial culture filtrate using TSB, LB and NB media recorded 50%, 36.6% and 13.3% mortality respectively in 96h exposure time at a concentration of 150 µl/ml. Bacterial culture filtrate of TSB+Fructose exhibited nematicidal activity of 16.6% and 80% at a concentration of 150 µl/ml in 24 and 96h exposure time respectively which was higher than other media used. Organic crude extract obtained using TSB+Fructose media recorded a mortality of 70% and 100% at 2. 5µg/ml and 5µg/ml concentration respectively in 24h exposure period.
Evolution towards meromixis of Lake Iseo (Northern Italy) as revealed by its stability trend

Temperature, oxygen concentration, conductivity and ionic composition of the water of Lake Iseo (zmax 251 m) between 1978 and 2003 were used to analyze the lake's evolution towards meromixis, through stability calculations following Walker (1974). Total, thermal and chemical stability is assessed, both as an integrated quantity on the whole water column and in its vertical distribution. The results show an increase over time of total stability in winter, caused by the increase of solutes present in the deep layers, the result of the isolation of these layers due to a lack of complete vertical mixing, and in summer by an increase in the thickness of the surface water layer involved in the annual heat exchange. It emerges clearly that the anoxia of the deep layers, which first occurred in 1994, is related to the increase in the solutes present in the deep hypolimnion, and that the solutes, via chemical stability, are related to the depth of the vertical winter mixing. In addition, the high density present in the deep layers due to the solutes also prevents them from being oxygenated by hydro-meteorological mechanisms resulting from the inflow of river water to the deep layers, mechanisms which are common in deep lakes like Iseo. The vertical distribution of the stability values makes it possible to identify the water layers that present the greatest resistance to mixing, and to evaluate how their volume has continually expanded over the years, so that now more than 50% of the lake volume is affected. As a result the deep layers are increasingly stable and isolated. The vertical distribution of the chemical stability reveals that at the end of winter Lake Iseo still has below 50 m a level with a chemical stability of more than 0.02 J m-2, which means that a full circulation cannot occur.
The Chemical Composition of Tobiko.

(1) 蛋白質は22%含まれていることがわかった. 蛋白質のアミノ酸組成では,ヒドロキシリジン,グルタミン酸,セリン,アスパラギン酸,アルギニン,バリンなどが多く含まれていた. (2) 脂質は1%含まれており,そのうち脂肪酸としては,パルミチン酸,リノール酸が多く,オレイン酸,ステアリン酸も含有していた. (3) 糖質は約50%含まれていることがわかった. 飛粉の主炭水化物はデンプンであり,二糖のシュクロースが含まれていた. また,水溶性のアラビノース,ガラクトースを主構成糖とする高分子量の多糖およびガラクトース,マンノースを主構成糖とする低分子量の多糖が含まれており,水不溶性多糖としてアラビノース,ガラクトース,マンノースの他にキシロースをも主構成糖とする多糖が含まれていることがわかった. (4) シュウ酸が2%と多く含まれている事がわかった. 3, 4-ジヒドロキシベンズアルデヒドおよび3, 4-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸を得たが,これらは微量で収れん性も弱いことから,シュウ酸が主要なえぐみである事が考えられた. (5) 核酸としては,アデノシンおよびグアノシンが含まれている事がわかった.
A Novel Bandpass Filters Using Complementary Split Ring Resonator Loaded Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide

─ A half mode substrate integrated waveguide with hexagon shaped complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) etched on the top of the waveguide is presented in this paper. The simulated results show that extra low insertion loss of about -0.1 dB and the return loss of -10 dB can be achieved. The proposed structure allows the implementation of a forward wave below the characteristic cutoff frequency of the waveguide. By changing the radius of the hexagon shaped CSRR, which is incorporated on top of the waveguide, the pass frequency band can be tuned easily. Finally, a compact band pass filter is fabricated and validated. Index Terms Complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) and half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW).
Technology, trade and skills in Brazil: Some evidence from microdata

Brazil was characterised by a marked process of trade liberalisation in the ‘90s, resulting in a dramatic increase in the volumes of exports and imports since the year 2000. Over the same period, the relative demand for skilled labour has increased substantially. To investigate whether these two simultaneous phenomena are linked is the purpose of this paper. More in particular, this study focuses on the possible impact of domestic technology, capital complementarity and trade openness on the relative demand for skilled labour in Brazilian manufacturing firms, using a unique panel database (resulting from merging three different statistical sources) of Brazilian manufacturing firms over the period 1997-2005. Descriptive statistics show that the increase in the relative demand for skilled labour was mainly driven by the within-industry variation, supporting the hypothesis that technology (and in particular technological transfer from richer countries) may have played a role in determining the skill-upgrading of Brazilian manufacturing firms. The econometric results further support this hypothesis. Indeed, the estimations show that domestic technology and capital formation are complements for the skilled workers and that imported capital goods clearly act as a skill-enhancing component of trade.
Effect of rice straw in the diet for growing goats on site and extent of digestion and N balance

Effect of reducing dietary rice straw on N balance, site and extent of digestion, and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were evaluated in this trial. Four Liuyang black goats (average body weight 19.3±2.1 kg), fitted with the ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal cannulas were used in a 4×4 Latin square design. Goats were assigned to four dietary treatments designed by increasing maize grain inclusion at the expense of rice straw: 1. 40% forage (20% maize stover and 20% rice straw, HR); 2. 35% forage (20% maize stover and 15% rice straw, MR1); 3. 30% forage (20% maize stover and 10% rice straw, MR2) and 4. 25% forage (20% maize stover and 5% rice straw, LR). Experimental diets were similar in chemical composition except for dietary NDF and metabolizable energy content. The amount of diet offered to each goat was restricted to 85% of its ad libitum intake to maintain no orts during the whole experimental period. There were no differences in DMI as a result of restricting intake. Totaltract digestibility of OM (P<0.01), N (P<0.01) and NDF (P<0.05) increased with reducing dietary rice straw. Retained N increased from 12.04% for HR to 21.62% for LR (P<0.01). Efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was not affected by dietary rice straw (P>0.05). When expressed as a percentage of N intake, ruminal N disappearance was not affected (P>0.05) by treatments. The true ruminal OM, apparent ruminal OM and ruminal NDF disappearance increased (P<0.01) with reducing dietary rice straw. There were no differences (P>0.05) in small intestinal digestibility of OM and N among the treatments. 380 N BALANCE IN GOATS FED RICE STRAW Our data indicated that reducing dietary rice straw from 40 to 25% could improve utilization of nutrients by growing goats.