Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A steady-state analysis method for modular multilevel converters connected to permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind energy conversion systems

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have shown great potential in the area of multi-megawatt wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). However, the studies in this area are few, and most of them refer to the MMC used in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, and hence the characteristics of the PMSG are not considered. This paper proposes a steady-state analysis method for MMCs connected to a PMSG-based WECS. In the proposed method, only the wind speed (operating condition) is required as input, and all the electrical quantities in the MMC, including the amplitudes, phase angles and their harmonics, can be calculated step by step. The analysis method is built on the proposed d-q frame mathematical model. Interactions of electrical quantities between the MMC and PMSG are comprehensively considered. Moreover, a new way to calculate the average switching functions are adopted in order to improve the accuracy of the analysis method. Applications of the proposed method are also presented, which includes the characteristic analysis of capacitor voltage ripples and the capacitor sizing. Finally, the accuracy of the method and the correctness of the analysis are verified by simulations and experiments.
The Specifics of Supply Chain Integration with Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Although larger organizations have invested significant amounts of money to integrate their supply chains, the development of supply chain integration with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is slow-moving. For SMEs, integration is a significant problem due to high costs and technology requirements. Hence, they follow a different approach to integrate their supply chains. Full integration of supply chains from the procurement of raw material to the distribution of finished goods is considered to be a crucial issue as nowadays the competition among enterprises is about supply chain efficiency, which is based on tighter cooperation of all partners in the supply chain process. This paper attempts to explore this topic by exploring how SMEs integrate their supply chains and by identifying the benefits of integrating supply chains.
On the contribution of coherent vortices to the two-dimensional inverse energy cascade

We investigate theoretically and numerically the inverse energy cascade in statistically steady two-dimensional turbulence. We perform a numerical testing of the analytical results proposed by Lindborg (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 338, 1999, p. 259), and we show that these predictions are quantitatively verified in the inverse energy cascade provided that the quantities involved in the spatial average computation are also averaged over all directions. Then, we define a simple measurable criterion based on the kinetic energy induced by coherent vortices in physical space. Using this criterion, we introduce more selective analyses of the energy cascade that reveal spatial properties of energy transfers which are concealed by global spatial averages. We conclude that there exist convective fluxes in both physical and scale space that feed the energy cascade processes in strongly energetic regions. In two dimensions, these regions are mostly localized around coherent structures. In the turbulent background, this mechanism manifests itself as a deficit of the kinetic energy and weaker inverse energy transfers.
Sensor Field Resource Management for Sensor Network Data Mining

This research is motivated by data mining for wireless sensor network applications. The authors consider applications where data is acquired in real-time, and thus data mining is performed on live streams of data rather than on stored databases. One challenge in supporting such applications is that sensor node power is a precious resource that needs to be managed as such. To conserve energy in the sensor field, the authors propose and evaluate several approaches to acquiring, and then caching data in a sensor field data server. The authors show that for true real-time applications, for which response time dictates data quality, policies that emulate cache hits by computing and returning approximate values for sensor data yield a simultaneous quality improvement and cost saving. This “win-win” is because when data acquisition response time is sufficiently important, the decrease in resource consumption and increase in data quality achieved by using approximate values outweighs the negative impact on data accuracy due to the approximation. In contrast, when data accuracy drives quality, a linear trade-off between resource consumption and data accuracy emerges. The authors then identify caching and lookup policies for which the sensor field query rate is bounded when servicing an arbitrary workload of user queries. This upper bound is achieved by having multiple user queries share the cost of a sensor field query. Finally, the authors discuss the challenges facing sensor network data mining applications in terms of data collection, warehousing, and mining techniques.
Synthesis of Cu Nanoparticles Prepared by Using Thermal Decomposition of Cu-oleate Complex

ABSTRACT In order to obtain well-dispersed Cu nanoparticles, we synthesized Cu nanoparticles by using thermal decomposition of Cu-oleate complex, which was prepared by the reaction with CuCl2 and sodium oleate in aqueous condition. The resulting well-dispersed Cu nanoparticles were synthesized by autoclave. TEM image showed well-dispersed Cu nanoparticles with diameter of 8.9±1.3 nm. EDX spectrum and XRD peaks of the nanoparticles showed the highly crystalline nature of the Cu structures. The decomposition of Cu-oleate complex was analyzed with TGA and the crystallization of Cu nanoparticles was observed with XRD. UV-Vis absorption spectrum of Cu nanoparticles is also observed.
Dissipative soliton interactions inside a fiber laser cavity

We report our recent numerical and experimental observations of dissipative soliton intera inside a fiber laser cavity. A bound state, formed from two pulses, may have a group velocity differs from that of a single soliton. As a result, they can collide inside the cavity. This re in a variety of outcomes. Numerical simulations are based either on a continuous model o parameter-managed model of the cubic-quintic Ginzburg–Landau equation. Each of the mod vides explanations for our experimental observations.  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The moderating effects of national culture on the development of organisational learning culture: A multilevel study across seven countries *

This study examines the moderating effects of national culture dimensions (Hofstede 1980) on three key elements in the development of organisational learning culture: information acquisition, information interpretation and behavioral and cognitive changes. Data were collected from 1333 companies in three CEE countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia) and other regions. The results showed that four national cultural dimensions (power distance, individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance) had no significant moderating effects on the relationship between information acquisition and information interpretation. However, the relationship between information interpretation and behavioral and cognitive changes was positively moderated by power distance, and negatively moderated by individualism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance.
Superiority of Data Mining Techniques to Predict the Amount of Power Generated by Thermal Power Plants

This paper presents the superiority of data mining techniques in predicting the amount of power generated by thermal power plants, over the traditional approaches that use thermodynamic laws or the power plant manufacturer’s guides. The paper first compares between amount of power calculated using thermodynamic laws, and the amount of power predicted using manufacturers’ guides with the actual power generated. Then prediction model was built to predict the amount of generated power using the controllable parameters at turbine inlet. Models were evaluated using separate test sets, or cross validation in case of small sets. The values predicted by this model is then compared with actual and other predicted values to prove that data mining tool is most accurate than traditional methods.
A modelling study on the efficiency of groundwater treatment walls in heterogeneous aquifers

The heterogeneity of hydraulic and physico-chemical aquifer properties leads to a non-uniform spatial and temporal distribution of the groundwater velocity and the contaminant concentration at the inlet of treatment walls (gates) within funnel-and-gate systems. These variations of the contaminant mass flux may have a large impact on the efficiency of these systems. This study focuses on the migration and immobilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) within a treatment wall (reactor) consisting of granular activated carbon (GAC). Three different GACs are considered as treatment materials. The modelling tool SMART (Streamtube Model for Advective and Reactive Transport) is applied to assess the impact and relative importance of the most relevant parameters. It is found that the PAH transport through GAC can be modelled by assuming non-equilibrium sorption conditions and that the impact of the parameters depends on how close the treatment system is to equilibrium.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF CYCLOADDITION REACTION BETWEEN DICHLORO-SILYLENE CARBENE(CL2SI=C:) AND ACETONE

The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet dichloro-silylene carbene and acetone has been investigated with DFT, including geometry optimization and vibrational analysis for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface. The energies of the different conformations are calculated by CCSD(T)//B3LYP/6-31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The channel (I) consists of two steps: (1) the two reactants firstly form a four-membered ring intermediate through a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 307.1 kJ/mol; (2) four-membered ring intermediate then isomerizes to a CH3-transfer product via a transition state with energy barrier of 11.3 kJ/mol. The process of channel (II) is as following: on the basis of four-membered ring intermediate created between the two reactants, four-membered ring intermediate further reacts with acetone to form the intermediate through a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 165.8 kJ/mol; Then, intermediate isomerizes to a silicic bis-heterocyclic product via a transition state, for which the barrier is 57.6 kJ/mol.
Strain localization in brittle-ductile shear zones: fluid-abundant vs. fluid-limited conditions (an example from Wyangala area, Australia)

Abstract. This study focuses on physiochemical processes occurring in a brittle–ductile shear zone at both fluid-present and fluid-limited conditions. In the studied shear zone (Wyangala, SE Australia), a coarse-grained two-feldspar–quartz–biotite granite is transformed into a medium-grained orthogneiss at the shear zone margins and a fine-grained quartz–muscovite phyllonite in the central parts. The orthogneiss displays cataclasis of feldspar and crystal-plastic deformation of quartz. Quartz accommodates most of the deformation and is extensively recrystallized, showing distinct crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO). Feldspar-to-muscovite, biotite-to-muscovite and albitization reactions occur locally at porphyroclasts' fracture surfaces and margins. However, the bulk rock composition shows very little change in respect to the wall rock composition. In contrast, in the shear zone centre quartz occurs as large, weakly deformed porphyroclasts in sizes similar to that in the wall rock, suggesting that it has undergone little deformation. Feldspars and biotite are almost completely reacted to muscovite, which is arranged in a fine-grained interconnected matrix. Muscovite-rich layers contain significant amounts of fine-grained intermixed quartz with random CPO. These domains are interpreted to have accommodated most of the strain. Bulk rock chemistry data show a significant increase in SiO2 and depletion in NaO content compared to the wall rock composition. We suggest that the high- and low-strain microstructures in the shear zone represent markedly different scenarios and cannot be interpreted as a simple sequential development with respect to strain. Instead, we propose that the microstructural and mineralogical changes in the shear zone centre arise from a local metasomatic alteration around a brittle precursor. When the weaker fine-grained microstructure is established, the further flow is controlled by transient porosity created at (i) grain boundaries in fine-grained areas deforming by grain boundary sliding (GBS) and (ii) transient dilatancy sites at porphyroclast–matrix boundaries. Here a growth of secondary quartz occurs from incoming fluid, resulting in significant changes in bulk composition and eventually rheological hardening due to the precipitation-related increase in the mode and grain size of quartz. In contrast, within the shear zone margins the amount of fluid influx and associated reactions is limited; here deformation mainly proceeds by dynamic recrystallization of the igneous quartz grains. The studied shear zone exemplifies the role of syn-deformational fluids and fluid-induced reactions on the dominance of deformation processes and subsequent contrasting rheological behaviour at micron to metre scale.
An electronic lexicon for Turkish idiomatic compounds headed by verbs

Turkish is a very creative language in terms of idiomatic compounds headed by verbs. Although traditional dictionaries include such compounds, syntactic and morphological properties of compounds are left unrepresented. Moreover, although essential elements of idiomatic compounds can be represented in subcategorization frames that refer to the argument positions of the verbs, it has been observed that subcategorization frames are impractical and even inadequate for representing the argument structure of idiomatic compounds headed by verbs in Turkish. This paper presents a design for representing properties of Turkish idiomatic compounds in a machine readable dictionary, which has been showcased in a sample dictionary for 322 idiomatic compounds.
Sustainability Reporting Practices: An Assessment of Mining Companies in Ghana

The study examined the sustainability reporting practices in Ghana by mining companies is to find out whether there is any relationship between the level of disclosure in sustainability reporting and factors such as size, growth rate, profitability, efficiency, gearing, solvency, age, complexity and sphere of sustainability information. The researcher adopted the legitimacy and stakeholder theories. While the arguments presented by the proponents of the legitimacy theory is used to explain how these companies may prepare sustainability reports to appear as having the same norms and values as those of the society, the arguments in support of the stakeholder theory are used to explain heterogeneous stakeholders views. With the use of content analysis the study proceeded by probing the question of whether sustainability reports have any relationship with corporate characteristics and the level of sustainability report. The findings show that there is some level of relationship between them and the level of sustainability report had increased in terms of all sphere of sustainability information of the period under study.
Partial Rootzone Drying Irrigation Increase Root Surface Area, Root Hydraulic Conductivity and Water Use Efficiency in Maize

Partial root-zone drying (PRD) is an effective water-saving irrigation method and the heterogeneous soil moisture distribution induced by the method may affect root activities, crop water use efficiency and participation of different part of organ. The effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and PRD on leaf and root surface areas, root hydraulic conductivity (KR), and gas exchange and water use efficiency, were studied in maize (Zea mays L. cv., a local variety) grown in pots in the field for two months in the arid climate of Gansu Province, northwest of China in 2009. The PRD treatment was applied in two modes as PRD1 and PRD2, and they were obtained by the soil water content of the dry compartment had decreased to 18% (vol.) and 11% (vol.) (approximate 60% and 30% of the pot holding capacity) before shifting side of irrigation, respectively. DI2 was irrigated with the same irrigation amount with PRD2, while water was equally separated to two compartments. The full irrigation (FI), PRD1, PRD2 and DI2 received 10.75, 8.70, 8.45 and 8.45 liters of water during the treatment period, respectively. The evapo-transpiration water use efficiency (WUEET) was significantly higher in the PRD2 than in the DI2. PRD1 and PRD2 significantly (P<0.05) increased the root surface areas compared to DI2 by 17.8% and 14.6%, respectively, and that resulted in ratio of root surface area to leaf area of PRD2 significantly higher than that of DI2. Further, compared to DI2 and FI, PRD2 significantly (P<0.05) increased KR by 15% and 34%, respectively. The intrinsic WUE, the net photosynthesis (A) and gs relationship (A/gs), were the highest in the PRD2 treatment as compared with the other treatments on 4 f 5 occasions. On 3 out of 5 occasions, the A/gs values of PRD2 plants were significantly higher than those of FI plants. Our results indicate that PRD2 increased root-shoot surface ratio and the root hydraulic conductivity and those might play a major role in enhancing WUEET.
The X-ray reflector in NGC 4945: a time- and space-resolved portrait

We present a time, spectral and imaging analysis of the X-ray reflector in NGC 4945, which reveals its geometrical and physical structure with unprecedented detail. NGC 4945 hosts one of the brightest AGN in the sky above 10 keV, but it is only visible through its reflected/scattered emission below 10 keV, due to absorption by a column density of ∼4 × 10 24 cm −2 . An ew Suzaku campaign of five observations spanning ∼6 months, together with past XMM–Newton and Chandra observations, shows a remarkable constancy (within <10 per cent) of the reflected component. Instead, Swift-BAT reveals strong intrinsic variability on time-scales longer than 1 yr. Modelling the circumnuclear gas as a thin cylinder with the axis on the plane of the sky, we show that the reflector is at a distance ≥30–50 pc, well within the imaging capabilities of Chandra at the distance of NGC 4945 (1 arcsec ∼18 pc). Accordingly, the Chandra imaging reveals a resolved, flattened, ∼150 pc long clumpy structure, whose spectrum is fully due to cold reflection of the primary AGN emission. The clumpiness may explain the small covering factor derived from the spectral and variability properties.
Wind Profiles in Tropical Cyclone Stratiform Rainbands over Land

AbstractObservations of 14 stratiform periods in outer tropical cyclone rainbands are used to evaluate wind structure using a velocity–azimuth display (VAD) technique applied to KAMX (Miami) Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data. These 14 cases occurred over land in southern Florida from Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricanes Gustav and Ike during 2008. Profiles show a maximum horizontal wind speed between 1000 and 1500 m in height, with occasional evidence of a secondary horizontal wind maximum near 3500–5000 m. Storm-relative wind components are calculated, and radial wind profiles show a mean transition from radial inflow at low levels to radial outflow around 2500–3000-m altitude. The radial inflow maximum is around 500 m, while maximum outflow is more variable. These profile characteristics are consistent with previous wind observations in rainbands over land and water. Changes in wind structure within one 4-h period are examined, with changes seen linked to the environmental influence on.
Recent Progress in Transition Metal Carbide Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), performing as the cathode reaction of electrochemical water splitting, is an important green energy producing process. An increasing interest in transition metal carbides (TMCs) applied in HER has been aroused owing to their similarity in electronic structure to platinum (Pt). In this review, we mainly introduced the recent progress of the elements in group VIB (W, Mo, Cr) and their carbides applied in hydrogen evolution reaction. The structure designs, the catalytic activities and the pH adaptations were primarily investigated and compared. It was promising to obtain a Pt-like catalytic activity and an extraordinary stability in a wide pH range with the transition metal carbide. We also looked forward to the challenges in designing novel TMCs for electrochemical HER catalysis.
Supplement of Use of electrochemical sensors for measurement of air pollution: correcting interference response and validating measurements

The environments in which we live, work, and play are subject to enormous variability in air pollutant concentrations. To adequately characterize air quality (AQ), measurements must be fast (real time), scalable, and reliable (with known accuracy, precision, and stability over time). Lower-cost air-quality-sensor technologies offer new opportunities for fast and distributed measurements, but a persistent characterization gap remains when it comes to evaluating sensor performance under realistic environmental sampling conditions. This limits our ability to inform the public about pollution sources and inspire policy makers to address environmental justice issues related to air quality. In this paper, initial results obtained with a recently developed lower-cost air-quality-sensor system are reported. In this project, data were acquired with the ARISense integrated sensor package over a 4.5-month time interval during which the sensor system was co-located with a state-operated (Massachusetts, USA) air quality monitoring station equipped with reference instrumentation measuring the same pollutant species. This paper focuses on validating electrochemical (EC) sensor measurements of CO, NO, NO2, and O3 at an urban neighborhood site with pollutant concentration ranges (parts per billion by volume, ppb; 5 min averages, ±1σ): [CO]= 231± 116 ppb (spanning 84–1706 ppb), [NO]= 6.1± 11.5 ppb (spanning 0–209 ppb), [NO2]= 11.7± 8.3 ppb (spanning 0–71 ppb), and [O3]= 23.2± 12.5 ppb (spanning 0–99 ppb). Through the use of high-dimensional model representation (HDMR), we show that interference effects derived from the variable ambient gas concentration mix and changing environmental conditions over three seasons (sensor flow-cell temperature= 23.4± 8.5 C, spanning 4.1 to 45.2 C; and relative humidity= 50.1± 15.3 %, spanning 9.8–79.9 %) can be effectively modeled for the Alphasense CO-B4, NO-B4, NO2B43F, and Ox-B421 sensors, yielding (5 min average) root mean square errors (RMSE) of 39.2, 4.52, 4.56, and 9.71 ppb, respectively. Our results substantiate the potential for distributed air pollution measurements that could be enabled with these sensors.