Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computation of Time-fuel Optimal Control for a Class of LTI System

A problem of computing minimum weighted time-fuel control for a single input second order linear time invariant system with bounded inputs $(\vert u(t)\vert \leq 1)$ is considered. Pontryagins maximum principle dictates that the optimal time-fuel control is necessarily bang-off-bang in nature i.e., it switches between +1, 0, −1 with atmost three switchings. As a consequence, the time-fuel cost functional reduces to a linear function of switching instants. Moreover, the minimum time fuel control is obtained by solving multiple nonconvex static optimization problems. The ensuing optimization problems that are required to be solved have a linear function in terms of switching instants as a cost function. This linear cost function is minimized subject to equality constraints which contain exponential terms in switching instants obtained by solving differential equation of LTI system for a known initial state. Additionally, switching instants must be in temporal order leading to several linear inequality constraints. The exponential terms are converted to polynomial terms by a simple substitution of variables. As a result, the linear cost function gets converted to a rational function in the substituted variables and linear inequality constraints get equivalently modified without loosing linearity. This optimization problem is solved by constructing a hierarchy of semidefinite relaxations to approximate the optimal value closely. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed method with the help of an illustrative example.
A Framework for Temperature Imaging using the Change in Backscattered Ultrasonic Signals

OF THE THESIS A Framework for Temperature Imaging using the Change in Backscattered Ultrasonic Signals by Yuzheng Guo Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis, 2009 Research Advisor: Professor R. Martin Arthur Background Hyperthermia is a cancer treatment that elevates tissue temperature to 40 to 44C. It would benefit from a non-invasive, safe, inexpensive and convenient thermometry to monitor heating patterns. Ultrasound is a modality that meets these requirements. In our initial work, we proposed an approach to temperature imaging (TI) using the change in the backscattered energy (CBE). The agreement between predicted and measured CBE from in-vitro experiments showed that CBE is a potential parameter for TI. To date, CBE has been computed in a straightforward, but ad hoc manner. We developed and explored a mathematical representation for our approaches to TI to optimize temperature accuracy and spatial resolution. Methods Non-thermal effects of noise and motion confound the use of CBE. Assuming additive white Gaussian noise, we looked at the dependence of CBE on SNR and applied signal averaging and thresholding to images from both simulations and experiments. Our motion compensation algorithms were also applied to simulated
A new genetic programming model for predicting settlement of shallow foundations

In this paper, a new genetic programming (GP) approach for predicting settlement of shallow foundations is presented. The GP model is developed and verified using a large database of standard penetration test (SPT) based case histories that involve measured settlements of shallow foundations. The results of the developed GP model are compared with those of a number of commonly used traditional methods and artificial neural network (ANN) based models. It is shown that the GP model is able to learn, with a very high accuracy, the complex relationship between foundation settlement and its contributing factors, and render this knowledge in the form of a function. The attained function can be used to generalize the learning and apply it to predict settlement of foundations for new cases not used in the development of the model. The advantages of the proposed GP model over the conventional and ANN based models are highlighted.
The Normal Component of the Induced Velocity in the Vicinity of a Lifting Rotor and Some Examples of Its Application

Paper presents a practical method for computing the approximate values of the normal component of the induced velocity at points in the flow field of a lifting rotor. Tables and graphs of the relative magnitudes of the normal component of the induced velocity are given for selected points in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the rotor and on the lateral rotor axis. A method is also presented for utilizing the tables and graphs to determine the interference induced velocities arising from the second rotor of a tandem or side-by-side-rotor helicopter and the induced flow angle at a horizontal tail plane. (author).
Revisiting Claims of the Iron-, Cobalt-, Nickel-, and Copper-Catalyzed Suzuki Biaryl Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides with Aryl Boronic Acids

Intrigued by recent reports on the surprisingly excellent activity of a range of cobalt-, iron-, copper-, and nickel-based catalysts in the Suzuki biaryl cross-coupling of simple aryl boronic acids with aryl halides, we undertook a reexamination of the syntheses of representative examples of the reported precatalysts and their application to the catalytic reaction. A reported PNP−Fe pincer complex proved to be a mixture of starting materials; a mono-Schiff base cobalt complex in fact the bis-ligated adduct and a monomeric copper(II) PNP–pincer complex a di- or oligomeric copper(I) species. In our hands, neither these complexes nor any other of the selected precatalysts investigated showed any activity in a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of an electronically activated aryl bromide with phenyl boronic acid. Meanwhile, switching the nucleophile to the BuLi-activated phenyl boronic pinacol ester gave some promising activity with cobalt precatalysts.
Critical loads of nitrogen and their exceedance in UK freshwaters

In June 1994 the United Kingdom government signed the European sulphur protocol which committed them to a 70% reduction in SO2 emissions by the year 2005 and 80% by 2010, based on 1980 levels. This was the first instance of international legislation being formulated using the critical load concept. Notwithstanding the anticipated benefits to the environment of such reductions it was also recognised that such improvements could be diminished unless a similar approach was used to address the problem of increasing nitrogen emissions. The Freshwater Sub-group of the UK Critical Loads Advisory Group (CLAG) has responsibility for evaluating available techniques for calculating critical loads for nitrogen and for establishing a scientific programme to address key issues and gaps in our knowledge of nitrogen dynamics. This paper summarises the preliminary findings of the Freshwater Group with respect to the nitrogen status and critical loads of UK freshwater.
Personalized Advertisement in the Video Games Using Deep Social Network Sentiment Analysis

In the past few years, integration of the advertising campaigns in the video games is growing rapidly. Targeted and personalized advertising can increase the impact of the adverts significantly. In personalized advertising the advert is especially designed to have maximum impact on specific consumers. The requirement for personalized advertising is knowing individual consumers in details and to design the adverts based on the preferences of individual consumers. This knowledge can be extracted from the online behaviour of the video game players in social networks. In this paper, a framework for extraction of personal preferences of the video game players from their online activities in the social networks is proposed. The proposed framework uses deep neural network based sentiment analysis of the writings of the video game players in order to provide personalized knowledge for targeted advertising in the video game environments. These advertisements can be in form of brand integration or through the line advertisement in the video games. The proposed framework can improve the impact of the adverts in the video games and facilitate the personalization of the advertising in the video game environments.
Fatty acid profile of the backfat layers in four pig breeds

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the fatty acid profile of the backfat layers in four pig breeds – Landrace, Pietrain, Duroc and Large White. Six gilts per breed were used for the analysis. While differences between the examined breeds were limited to the content of C18:1n-9 and the total level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), which were highest in the inner backfat layer of Duroc pigs, the two layers differed substantially. Generally, the inner backfat layer was more saturated when compared to the outer layer. On the other hand, the content of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was higher in the outer layer. The differences in the fatty acid profile between the two backfat layers were most visible in the Landrace pigs. The latter showed significantly higher content of C18:0 (P<0.001), which was also found in Duroc (P<0.05), as well as total saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P<0.01) in the inner layer. Furthermore, higher levels of C18:2n-6 (P<0.05), C18:3n-3 (P<0.01) and the total amount of PUFA (P<0.05) were found in the outer backfat layer in the animals of the Landrace breed.
Research Article ISSR and SSR markers for determining genetic relationships among three wild species of Passiflora

Passiflora cristalina, Passiflora miniata and Passiflora coccinea are wild species with similar floral characteristics, especially color and floral structure, as well as the color of their fruits. Due to their similarities, mainly the floral characteristics, these species are often confused in the field. Given that hybridization is commonplace between Passiflora species in the same region, hybrids could result from crosses involving mainly P. coccinea. We examined genetic distance and possible hybrid nature across P. cristalina, P. miniata, and P. coccinea, via ISSR and SSR markers. Genomic DNA was extracted from leaf samples of five Passiflora species (P. cristalina, P. coccinea, P. miniata, P. setacea, and P. edulis), the latter two being used as witness species. Following quantification, the amplification conditions were tested and optimized. Eighteen ISSR primers presented satisfactory amplification products, with 81 bands being amplified and 99% polymorphism. Through genetic distance and cluster analysis, P. cristalina and P. coccinea were found to be genetically close, while P. miniata remained in an isolated cluster, nevertheless with low dissimilarity with P. cristalina. Twenty-three SSR primers were tested, of which 18 were polymorphic. There was a high transferability rate, 95.65%, demonstrating that genetic proximity between tax is directly related to successful transferability. The main coordinates, genetic distance and
Surface Modifications in Pulsed Microcoma Streamer Plasma

Controlling liquids spreading on a surface has seen an increasing research interest over the past decade. Several methods of nanoscale surface modification via physical etching and chemical surface polymerization has been employed to engineer surfaces for various applications. The wetting properties transformation from superhydrophobic to super-hydrophilic, allowing a considerable degree of control over liquid spreading. It is essential to maximize the apparent contact angle on the surface, to achieve the high possibility of water absorption rate. Herein we substantiate the fundamental study of nanoscale surface modification via physical etching and chemical surface polymerization by using atmospheric cold plasma created by micro corona discharge. This study is simple, does not involve external chemical supplied for surface modification, and consequently can be applied to a wide range of materials.
Towards Smart Emergency Management: Trends and Challenges of Feature Engineering

Emergency events are unpredictable and undesirable situations where the authorities must respond as quick as possible. Smart Emergency Management (SEM) is a machine intelligence concept to help the authorities extract knowledge from Social Big Data (SBD) automatically. This paper proposes a blueprint for machine intelligence based on machine learning for emergency management, applies it to the SEMs lifecycle framework. We present a conceptual-designed Bayesian Network as a contextual model for feature engineering which summarizes and discovers the values from the emergency-related SBD. This paper also discusses the challenges in feature engineering for the SBD-based conceptual model of SEMs.
An Adaptive Undervoltage Load Shedding Against Voltage Collapse Based Power Transfer Stability Index

This paper highlights the comparison of a proposed methods named adaptive undervoltage load shedding based PTSI techniques for undervoltage load shedding and two previous methods named Fixed Shed Fixed Delay (FSFD) and Variable Shed Variable Delay (VSVD) for avoiding voltage collapse. There are three main area considerations in load shedding schemes as the amount of load to be shed, the timing of load shedding event, and the location where load shed is to be shed. The proposed method, named as adaptive UVLS based PTSI seem to be most appropriate among the uncoordinated schemes. From the simulation result can be shown the Adaptive UVLS based PTSI give faster response, accurate and very sensitive control for the UVLS control technique. This technique is effectively when calculating the amount to be shed. Therefore, it is possible to bring the voltage to the threshold value in one step. Thus, the adaptive load shedding can effectively reduce the computational time for control strategy.
Maximizing Static voltage stability margin in power systems using a new generation pattern

Abstract In this paper, the maximum loading margin approach for generation directions in static voltage stability margin is proposed based on the maximum loading margin at various possible generation directions in the generation direction space. An equation representing the relationship between generation directions and loading margin is used to obtain the maximum loading margin point. The proposed method is validated in the modified IEEE 14-bus test system. Loading margins of the system with the generation directions are compared for different generator combination using the proposed technique.
A simple and efficient "tool" for BiCMOS high performance RF process transistors evaluation

This paper presents a simple and efficient tool for fast evaluation of high performance BiCMOS RF process transistors. From the manual circuit analysis and design point of view the huge amount of information regarding transistors used in RF IC design tends to obscure the basic design parameters and theirs dependence on bias and lay-out details. Therefore it is worth and rewarding to build up a dedicated "tool" that helps the designer to evaluate "on the spot" some key electrical data sheets parameters. The "tool" consists of an evaluation circuit that allows setting the desired values for the transistors under test both static and dynamic operation parameters. This "tool" assists the designer in choosing the appropriate transistor for a given application.
Current flow in coaxial braided cable shields

In the last few years, much effort has been made to describe the behavior of shielded cables. Many researchers have attempted to understand how an electromagnetic field couples into a braided coaxial cable. There are some important publications on this topic. Nevertheless, up to now, it has not been possible to predict analytically the coupling through a braid shield. An electromagnetic field outside a cable induces a disturbance current in the cable shield. The coupling from the current in the shield into the cable can be described by the transfer impedance. How the current flows in the cable shield is an important quantity in this coupling process. Therefore, to understand the coupling mechanism into a cable, it is necessary to understand the behavior of the current flow in such a braided shield. The paper discusses the current flow in a braided cable shield. The assumption often made in the literature, that a braided shield behaves like a homogeneous tube with apertures, is shown to be inaccurate. It is also shown that the standard braid of the shield used had the same properties as a braid made with insulated wires.
Wind Speed Measurements in the Vicinity of a Tubular Mast: Influence of Data Selection Methods on Wind Speed Average Determination

Wind measurements form an intrinsic part of the site selection process leading up to wind project development. Anemometers mounted on wind monitoring structures are expected to capture information on the free wind stream. However, the impacts of the structure and other hardware required to secure the sensors may have a marked influence on the data being compiled. This paper examines wind flow behaviour in the vicinity of an 80 metre tubular wind mast located at Ahrax Point on the Mediterranean Island of Malta. Mast and ancillary equipment effects are identified and quantified for two intermediate monitoring heights where dual and opposite anemometers were installed. A number of wind speed filtering methodologies are analysed in order to assess the methods' capabilities in reducing mast structure interference while enabling a conservative assessment of a site's wind potential.
Pengendalian Tuberkulosis pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Puskesmas Elopada Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2020

Globally, tuberculosis is still a major health problems including in Indonesia.The program has been implemented however,the tuberculosis cases are still high considering the condition during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of tuberculosis during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Elopada Health Center through qualitative inquiry by interviewing with one person and three head of the health center in the tuberculosis service department and two village heads. Meanwhile, the triangulation informants consisted of tuberculosis manager in Southwest Sumba Regency and the head of the Controlling Division of infectious diseases. The results showed that the number of tuberculosis cases at the health center had an increase in cases with BTA+. Control measures providing tuberculosis services included active and passive case findings, diagnosis and treatment which were done manually and digitally,based on microscopic laboratory examinations and molecular rapid tests. Treatment and recording and reporting are done manually or digitally. During the pandemic, tuberculosis services were carried out separately from other patient services. The conclusion is that tuberculosis control at the Elopada Community Health Center is still being carried out during the pandemic by paying attention to health protocols and utilizing technology (social media). Key words: control, tuberkulosis, pandemic Covid-19, Elopada health center Abstrak Tuberkulosis masih menjadi perhatian sebagai salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia maupun Global. Program sudah dijalankan namun sampai saat ini kasus tuberkulosis masih tinggi. Disamping itu kondisi saat ini menghadapi pandemi covid-19. Puskesmas menjadi ujung tombak dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan di masyarakat. Tujuan artikel ini adalah memberikan gambaran pengendalian tuberkulosis pada masa pandemi di Puskesmas Elopada. Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif observatif yang melakukan wawancara dengan kepala puskesmas dan petugas bagian pelayanan tuberkulosis dan kepala desa. Sedangkan informan triangulasi terdiri dari pengelola tuberkulosis Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya dan Kepala Bidang Pengendalian Penyakit Menular. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kasus tuberkulosis di puskesmas Elopada terjadi peningkatan pada kasus dengan BTA+. Upaya pengendalian yang dilakukan memberikan pelayanan tuberkulosis meliputi penemuan kasus secara aktif dan pasif yang dilakukan secara manual dan berbasis internet, diagnosis penderita berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan labotarorium secara mikroskopis dan menggunakan tes cepat molekuler. Pengobatan, pencatatan dan pelaporan dilakukan secara manual maupun digital. Selama masa pandemi pelayanan tuberkulosis dilakukan terpisah dengan pelayanan pasien lainnya. Kesimpulan pengendalian tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Elopada tetap dijalankan di masa pandemi dengan memperhatikan protokol kesehatan dan memanfaatkan teknologi (media sosial). Kata kunci: Pengendalian, tuberkulosis, Pandemi Covid-19, Puskesmas Elopada
Analysis and Probabilistic Modeling of the Stationary Ice Loads Stochastic Process With Lognormal Distribution

Until recent times researchers who investigated ice loads stochastic processes usually stated the fact of normal distribution for them. In the paper the model of a stationary stochastic process with a lognormal distribution for ice loads is offered. This model relates to the strain gauge transducer ice loads measurements as well as to some examples considered in different papers that were published earlier.For this model dependencies of the autocorrelation function were found that allows to simulate the ice loads process relatively easily. The procedure of such a simulation is described in details and the example of the analysis and simulation ice loads measurements is provided.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Computer-Assisted Femoral Augmentation For Osteoporotic Hip Fracture Prevention

Osteoporosis is the severe reduction in bone mineral density and load bearing capabilities. Individuals with osteoporosis, especially the elderly, are at a higher risk of bone fracture as a result of trauma, with hip fractures being the most prevalent and life threatening. There are currently a number of preventive treatments available; however the side effects, long delays in restoring bone strength or other issues associated with these treatments inhibit their efficacy. A promising new approach to preventing fracture is augmentation of the mechanical properties of the femur by injecting it with acrylic bone cement—femoroplasty. There are risks and limitations associated with femoroplasty, however, that need to be addressed through pre-operative planning and careful execution as well as experimental validation before it finds its way to the operating room. This thesis describes the methods and tools developed for effectively planning and performing femoroplasty. To this end, computational models were developed to simulate various augmentation scenarios and to predict how those affect the mechanical strength of the femur. Those tools were then used to plan femoroplasty for paired cadaveric osteoporotic femur specimens. Experimental tests ii
Machine Olfaction for Mobile Robots

Olfaction often plays an important role in orienting behaviors of animals. Famous examples are ants following pheromone trails marked on the ground and moths tracking aerial pheromone plumes. Inspired by these olfactory-guided behaviors, robotic systems that perform chemical trail following and plume tracking have been developed. In this chapter, the achievements so far are reviewed to demonstrate the current status of this new application of chemical sensor technologies.