Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histological investigation of the reproductive cycle of the limpet Patella caerulea Linnaeus, 1758

Cette etude nous a permis de determiner les differents stades du developpement gonadique chez la patelle Patella caerulea recoltee dans le Golfe de Tunis (port de La Goulette) de Mars 2006 a Aout 2007 en nous basant sur le suivi de l'Indice Gonado Somatique (IGS) et sur l'analyse des coupes histologiques des gonades. Durant la periode d'etude, la sex-ratio a montre une nette dominance des mâles par rapport aux femelles. La maturation des gametes a debute en aout/septembre pour les deux sexes. Chez les mâles, l'emission gametique a eu lieu entre le mois de mars et le mois d'aout 2006 et entre le mois d'avril et le mois de juin 2007. Concernant les femelles, l'emission des gametes s'est produite entre le mois de mai et le mois de juillet 2006 et entre le mois d'avril et le mois de juillet 2007. Une emission gametique secondaire a ete observee en janvier 2007 chez les deux sexes. Aucune difference significative n'a ete enregistree entre les valeurs mensuelles des IGS des deux sexes. Cependant, l'utilisation de l'IGS dans l'etude du cycle reproducteur annuel est discutee. La vitesse elevee du vent associee aux conditions optimales de temperature et de salinite semble induire la ponte chez les patelles.
The Flow Equation Approach To Many Particle Systems Springer Tracts In Modern Physics 217 Band 217 By Stefan Kehrein

PARTICULATE FLOW RESEARCH GROUP PARTICULATE FLOWS. HOW TO CALCULATE FLOW RATES SCIENCING. ON THE MINIMUM EFFICIENCY AND THE MOST PENETRATING. 10 INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSPORT OF PARTICLES. THE FLOW EQUATION APPROACH TO MANY PARTICLE SYSTEMS. FLUIDS IN MOTION BOUNDLESS PHYSICS. PARTICLE FLOW AN OVERVIEW SCIENCEDIRECT TOPICS. THE FLOW EQUATION APPROACH TO MANY PARTICLE SYSTEMS ? THE FLOW EQUATION APPROACH TO MANY PARTICLE SYSTEMS. BENJAMIN SEIBOLD RESEARCH MESHFREE AND PARTICLE METHODS. A GENERAL CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR DENSE FINE PARTICLE. BERNOULLI S PRINCIPLE. BERNOULLI S EQUATION BERNOULLI S PRINCIPLE. THE FLOW EQUATION APPROACH TO MANY PARTICLE SYSTEMS CORE. CHAPTER 4 FLUIDS IN MOTION UNIVERSITY OF IOWA. THERMODYNAMICS OPEN SYSTEM ANALYSIS HOW TO APPROACH NUMERICAL IN GATE HINDI. BAND BROADENING THEORY VAN DEEMTER EQUATION. SPRINGER TRACTS IN MODERN PHYSICS THE FLOW EQUATION. INTRODUCTION TO PRESSIBLE FLOW UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. FLOW MATHEMATICS. INVISCID FLOW EULER S EQUATIONS OF MOTION. MULTIPHASE PARTICLE IN CELL METHOD. THE FLOW EQUATION APPROACH TO MANY PARTICLE
The Occurrence and Consequences of Grasshopper Herbivory in an Alpine Grassland, Swiss Central Alps

Biomass removal by grasshoppers was determined nondestructively in two alpine grassland communities in the Central Alps at 2470 m a.s. l. During the 1993 growth period, grasshoppers removed between 19 and 30% of the aboveground phanerogam biomass. Herbivory impact was therefore found to be higher in alpine environments than that given in published estimates of low elevation grasslands. Data on biomass as well as carbon and nitrogen contents of herbage, grasshoppers, and feces were used to model the effects of herbivory on the Carex curvula community. Thirty-six percent of the removed biomass was actually ingested by the grasshoppers of which merely 3% was invested in body tissues. Since herbivores did not emigrate from the site and predation was negligible, nitrogen consumed by grasshoppers remained in communities, while appreciable amounts of carbon were respired. Herbivory tends to accelerate nutrient turnover via concentration of nitrogen in rapidly decomposable body tissues and feces, as well as the production of "green" plant litter originating from dropped plant material.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the surgeon fish Acanthurus lineatus Linnaeus 1758 (Perciformes: Acanthuridae)

Abstract Acanthurid fishes are highly ornamental coral reef fishes, commonly called as surgeon fishes. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthurus lineatus was determined (GenBank accession no EU273284). The genome was circular, double-stranded molecules of 16,532 bp length encoded with 37 mitochondrial genes. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 852 bp long control region. The entire nucleotide composition was 29.84% A, 28.07% C, 26.60% T and 15.49% G with an A + T content of 56.44%. Phylogenetic relationship of A. lineatus among the closely related species of Perciformes was studied based on H-strand protein-coding genes using the maximum parsimony method.
SSR Mapping of Genes Conditioning Soybean Resistance to Six Isolates of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines

Bacterial leaf pustule (BLP), caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, is one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases in plants. Qualtitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to BLP in soybean (Clycine max [Glycine max [L.] Merr.) were identified using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and the consistency of QTL detection across bacterial isolates as well as across greenhouse and field experiments was examined. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of BLP-susceptible `Suwon157` and BLP-resistant `Danbaekkong` were utilized to identify QTLs conditioning resistance to BLP with 76 SSR markers. For phenotypic analysis, six isolates of X. axonopodis were collected from different geographical locations. A combination of single-factor analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis revealed that three QTLs conditioned resistance to BLP in the field. Under greenhouse conditions, one to four QULs were revealed to be associated with resistance to each isolate. Satt372 on linkage group (LG) D2 was associated with resistance to all six isolates under greenhouse and field conditions, indicating that resistance to BLP was mainly controlled by a single major gene tightly linked to Satt372. Several minor QTLs of LG A1, C1, F, L, and O were also found to condition resistance to various isolates.
Winter Habitat Choice by Foraging the Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)

The red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) is an arboreal species, relatively common in mixed, deciduous and coniferous forests and in urban parks. From autumn to early spring the main diet of red squirrels is seeds in closed conifer cones. In this study, we investigated characteristics of a habitat in western Poland where red squirrels were feeding on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Understory cover, number of tree species, distance to an open area, distance to the nearest great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) anvil, and size of ten randomly selected Scots pine trees were measured on 70 transects. We used binary logistic regression to test which forest habitat parameters affected the presence of feeding signs of red squirrels. Feeding signs of red squirrels were found from sites close to forest edges with less understory cover, higher tree-species richness and larger size of trees. Red squirrels did not avoid sites close to great spotted woodpecker anvils. We conclude that forest stand structure is important for red squirrel feeding site occurrence, but red squirrels do not avoid close contact to open areas.
Endocrine actions of IFNT during early ruminant pregnancy

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xii CHAPTER 1 . 1 LITERATURE REVIEW . 1 REPRODUCTION IN SHEEP . 1 Environmental and Hormonal Signaling .
Complete mitochondrial genome of Schizothorax gongshanensis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial DNA of Schizothorax gongshanensis was determined. The complete genome is 16,591 bp in length which contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, an origin of light-strand replication (OL) and a control region (D-Loop). The complete mtDNA sequence of S. gongshanensis provides a useful genetic marker for the studies on molecular systematics, population genetics and stock assessment.
Evaluation of neem-based nanoformulations as alternative to control fall armyworm

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) based insecticides are efficient for the control of various pest species, but their low residual effect and the lack of standardized formulations are problems for field use. Nanoformulations of neem in colloidal suspension or powder, containing the polymers poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (β-hidroxibutirate) (PHB) or poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), in capsules or spheres, were developed in order to reduce biodegradation of the active neem compounds and improve their residual effect. Corn leaves treated with the nanoformulations were offered to first instar larvae of fall armyworm during 10 days, observing mortality and larval weight and comparing it to a commercial neem oil and negative controls. The residual effect of the four most efficient nanoformulations was evaluated at 1, 3 and 7 days after spraying (DAS). Feeding preference tests with dual-choice (treatment vs. control) were performed with corn leaf disks at 1, 3 and 7 after DAS, and a preference index was determined 24 hours after larvae feeding on the disks. Some nanoformulations caused mortality up to 3 DAS and sublethal effects up to 7 DAS, but none outperformed the residual effect of commercial neem oil. All treatments showed phagodeterrence at 1 DAS, but this was lost over time. The short duration of the nanoformulations' efficacy suggests that there was little or no release of neem by the nanoparticles, so more studies are needed to improve the release kinetics of the nanoformulated products.
Circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in captive Emin's molerats, Heliophobius emini (Rodentia: Bathyergidae)

Many African mole-rats (Bathyergidae) exhibit distinct circadian rhythms, despite the fact that they are strictly subterranean and are very infrequently exposed to light. We investigated the circadian system of Emin's mole-rats (Heliophobius emini) by exposing 13 individuals to different lighting regimes. The mole-rats were subjected to a standard 12-h light: 12-h dark light cycle, followed by a constant darkness (DD) cycle to evaluate entrainment and endogenous rhythms of locomotor activity. After allowing the mole-rats to re-entrain to a 12L:12D light cycle, the light cycle was inverted to examine the duration of re-entrainment following a drastic change in the light cycle. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of different ambient temperatures on the locomotor activity of the mole-rats, and they were thus subjected to a 12D:12L light cycle at 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C. Lastly, molerats were presented with a long-day (16L:8D) and a short-day (8L:16D) light cycle to look at the effect on preferred active time. The animals showed a preference for diurnal activity with 9 mole-rats entraining to the light cycle, and maintaining clear endogenous rhythms throughout DD. Subjects were excessively slow to reentrain their activity to the inverted light cycle. When subjected to different ambient temperatures, individuals showed marked increases in average activity at 20°C, with the lowest average activity occurring at 30°C. The mole-rats maintained their diurnal preference regardless of day length, condensing their activity during the shortday light cycle, while extending their active period during the long-day cycle. These results suggest that Emin's mole-rats are able to perceive light and entrain their locomotor activity to light cycles, albeit weakly. In addition, ambient temperature influenced the level of overall activity, indicating that these animals may use behavioral thermoregulation to maintain a constant body temperature.
Optimization of Butanol Production from Corn Straw Hydrolysate by Clostridium acetobutylicum

With enzymatic hydrolysis as the fermentation substrate,Plackett-Burman design method was adopted to screen fifteen influencing factors for butanol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum CICC 8008.The results showed the key factor was CaCO3.Based on these results,response surface method was used for further study on the effects of CaCO3,temperature and reaction time in order to find out the optimum concentration levels.The concentration of butanol could reach 6.20 g/L,compared to initial 5.15 g/L,and the yield was enhanced by 20% under the conditions of CaCO3 concentration 5.04 g/L,temperature 35 ℃,reaction time 70 h.
Reproduction in Mesozoic birds and evolution of the modern avian reproductive mode

ABSTRACT The reproductive biology of living birds differs dramatically from that of other extant vertebrates. Although some attributes of modern avian reproduction had their origin within theropod dinosaurs like oviraptors and troodontids, even the most derived non-avian theropods lack key features of modern birds. We review the current knowledge of reproduction in Mesozoic birds and 3 lines of evidence that contribute to our understanding of the evolution of the modern avian reproductive mode: (1) efforts to define the ancestral reproductive condition on the basis of extant birds, (2) the fossil record of non-avian theropod dinosaurs, and (3) the fossil record of reproduction in primitive Mesozoic birds (e.g., Enantiornithes). The fossil evidence from Mesozoic birds and non-avian theropods suggests that reproduction passed through 5 stages from basal theropods to neornithines: (1) pre-maniraptoran theropods, (2) oviraptor-grade maniraptorans, (3) troodontid-grade paravians, (4) Enantiornithes, and (5) basal Neornithes. Major changes occurred incrementally in egg size, shape, and microstructure; in nest form; in incubation method; and in parental care. Reproduction in troodontid theropods concurs with this clade representing the sister taxon to birds. Reproduction in enantiornithine birds included sequential ovulation from a single ovary and oviduct, eggs planted upright within sediments, and incubation by a combination of sediment and attendant adult or eggs fully buried with superprecocial young. Incubation modes of derived non-avian theropods and enantiornithines may have favored paternal care. Significant changes between enantiornithines and neornithines include an additional increase in relative egg size and sediment-free incubation. The latter permitted greater adult–egg contact and likely more efficient incubation. Associated changes also included improved egg shape, egg rotation, and chalazae—the albumin chords that suspend the yolk and facilitate proper embryonic development during rotation. Neornithes are the only Mesozoic clade of Dinosauria to nest completely free of sediment, and this may have played a crucial role in their surviving the K–Pg mass extinction event.
Multi-spectral Pedestrian Detection via Image Fusion and Deep Neural Networks

The use of multi-spectral imaging has been found to improve the accuracy of deep neural network-based pedestrian detection systems, particularly in challenging night time conditions in which pedestrians are more clearly visible in thermal long-wave infrared bands than in plain RGB. In this article, the authors use the Spectral Edge image fusion method to fuse visible RGB and IR imagery, prior to processing using a neural network-based pedestrian detection system. The use of image fusion permits the use of a standard RGB object detection network without requiring the architectural modifications that are required to handle multi-spectral input. We contrast the performance of networks trained using fused images to those that use plain RGB images and networks that use a multi-spectral input. © 2018 Society for Imaging Science and Technology.
Reprodução de Meloidogyne exigua em Cafeeiros 'IAPAR-59' e 'Catuaí'

Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi, 1887, has been an important pathogen for coffee production. This organism can cause 50-68% reduction in first yields. In 1987 it was found in up to 31% of plant samples in Minas Gerais State. This infection increased to 45% of the samples in 1999. This study evaluates the reproduction of M. exigua in Iapar-59 and Catuai coffee plants. One-year-old seedlings were planted in soil, sand and manure (1:1:1 ratio). Ten days later, the seedlings were inoculated with 15,000 eggs of M. exigua, in little holes on the plant rhyzosphere. Reproduction of M. exigua was evaluated 53 days after inoculation. Galls of this organism were found in all Catuai plants. However, the cultivar Iapar-59 showed no galls, eggs nor second-stage juveniles of M. exigua. 'Iapar-59' showed high resistance to M. exigua.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSMISSION AND MANAGEMENT OF COWPEA APHID-BORNE MOSAIC VIRUS IN A PASSION FRUIT ORCHARD

Brazil is the world’s main passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) producer. The high incidence of passion fruit woodiness (PFW) induced by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) from the genus Potyvirus, which is transmitted non-persistently by several aphid species, has caused constant and significant production losses, prompting producers to abandon or renew orchards once a year. The present study evaluated the effects of agricultural and ecological conditions on the abundance and composition of aphid populations and the influence thereof on CABMV spread in a passion fruit orchard established with young (30 cm tall) and advanced (80 cm tall) seedlings. The ecological and agricultural characteristics of the region negatively influenced the local aphid population, while aphid swarms and population dynamic were not affected by rainfall, temperature and season. However, when considered together these factors negatively influenced the local aphid population, manifested as low abundance and species diversity, with Aphis gossypii Glover as the most constant and abundant species. Although the virus was introduced simultaneously in both young and advanced seedlings, a longer virus latency period in the latter seedlings resulted in delayed expression of symptoms.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the mud loach Misgurnus mizolepis (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) and its phylogenetic position in the Cypriniformes

Abstract The mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis) is a small benthic species belonging to the family Cobitidae. In this study, I report the first sequencing and assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome of M. mizolepis. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16,647 bp long, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region. It has the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement. Phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial genomes of 20 species showed that M. mizolepis is clustered with M. anguillicaudatus and M. bipartitus. This mitochondrial genome provides potentially important resources for studying molecular evolution and biogeography.
SIGNIFICANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE MIC A/B ALLELES AMONG THE WORLDWIDE POPULATIONS

Baburajan Radha, Manimaran Nellai Chinniah and Gnanaraj Muniraj 1 MVK HospitalHitech Diagnostic laboratory, Tanjavur-02, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Network Resource Centre for Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-21,Tamil Nadu, India. 3 Department of Plant Morphology and Algology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-21,Tamil Nadu, India.
Analysis of Moraxella catarrhalis Outer Membrane Protein Profiles

[Abstract] Phenotypes observed for certain Moraxella catarrhalis wild-type strains or mutants may be caused by a variety of factors including alteration of outer membrane protein composition. Examination of the outer membrane protein profiles may be a valuable tool to identify changes in outer membrane compositions of these strains. Here we describe a method to isolate and analyse M. catarrhalis fractions highly enriched for membrane proteins.
Threatened or Threatening? Evidence for Independent Introductions of Macrothele calpeiana (Walckenaer, 1805) (Araneae: Hexathelidae) and First Observation of Reproduction Outside its Natural Distribution Range

Summary Despite being endemic to the south of the Iberian Peninsula, Macrothele calpeiana has been repeatedly reported far from its native range (e.g. northern Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Holland). Here, we confirm, using DNA barcode data, that the specimens collected in northern Catalonia, Majorca, and northern Italy are indeed recent introductions. Additionally, our data suggest that they originated from different source populations, and corroborate former suggestions that the recent expansion of Macrothele may be linked to the commercial transport of olive trees. Former species distribution modelling studies have revealed that the exotic localities reported are far from the ecological optimum of the species and hence that introduced specimens have slim chances of survival. However, a recent finding of several individuals of different sex and stages in a coastal town in northern Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula) suggests that M. calpeiana is able to reproduce outside its native range and that microclimate conditions may allow establishment of accidentally introduced populations.
Comparative physicochemical, phytochemical and HPTLC study of stem bark versus small branches of Flacourtia indica

Flacourtia indica commonly called sruvavrksa is a medicinal plant widely used in Ayurveda. As per the Ayurvedic literature, stem bark of this plant is used in raktavikara, sopha, dusta, vrana. Removal of stem bark from trunk of this tree may make this plant weak and susceptible to damage by insects and natural elements. Due to which availability of this plant may be difficult in near future for use in Indian system of medicine. Present study is carried out in Flacourtia indica to evaluate the possibilities of using small branches in place of stem bark which will help sustainable utilization. Stem bark and small branches of Flacourtia indica are compared on the basis of physicochemical analysis, phytochemical analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). On phytochemical analysis, both stem bark and small branches showed presence of almost similar phytochemicals in different extracts tested. Total phenolic contents of stem bark and small branches in terms of gallic acid equivalent were 39.62 ± 0.93 and 17.41 ± 0.94 mg/g, respectively and total flavonoid contents in terms of querecetin equivalent were 94.57 ± 2.81 and 43.68 ± 1.11 mg/g, respectively. HPTLC profile of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of stem bark and small branches also showed almost similar phytochemical profile. Almost similar results of phytochemical analysis and HPTLC profiles suggest that small branches may be used in place of stem bark and vice-versa after comparison and confirmation of same for pharmacological activities.
Selecting plant species for practical restoration of degraded lands using a multiple‐trait approach

Ecological restoration is essential in rehabilitating degraded areas and safeguarding biodiversity, ecosystem services and human welfare. Using functional traits to plan restoration strategies has been suggested as they are the main ecological attributes that underlie ecosystem processes and services. However, few studies have translated ecological theory into actual restoration practices that can be easily used by different stakeholders. In this article, we applied a multiple-trait approach to select plant species for the restoration of degraded lands inside the Brazilian Amazon Forests. We selected 10 traits encompassing ease of management, geographical distribution and interactions with animals and other ecosystem services and scored these traits using 118 native species. Then, we ranked all species according to the total number of traits that they exhibited to obtain a list of 53 highly ranked species. In addition, we employed non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to assess the variation in these traits across the entire group of species. Based on the results, we selected a subset of species that maximizes functional diversity (high variability). We performed a sparse linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) to highlight a minimum set of traits to effectively discriminate botanical families. The final list of species and their traits highlight the importance of preserving not only the historical reference of a focused ecosystem but also its functional diversity to restore the interaction with local fauna, enrich the food chain and guarantee ecosystem services for local communities.