Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of a Robust Current Controller for VSI Connected to the Grid Through an LCL Filter

This paper describes the design and implementation of a discrete controller for grid-connected voltage-source inverters with an LCL filter usually found in wind power generation systems. First, a theorem that relates the controllability of the discrete dynamic equation of the inverter with LCL filter and the sampling frequency is derived. Then, a condition to obtain a partial state feedback controller robust to grid impedance uncertainties and based on linear matrix inequalities is proposed. This controller guarantees the stability and damping of the LCL filter resonance for a large set of grid conditions without requiring self-tuning procedures. Finally, an internal model controller is added to ensure asymptotic reference tracking and disturbance rejection, significantly reducing the impact of grid background voltage distortion on the output currents. Experimental results are presented to support the theoretical analysis and to demonstrate the system performance.
Effects of n 3 fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes : reduction of insulin sensitivity and time-dependent alteration from carbohydrate to fat oxidation 1 3

Background: Effects of fish oil supplements on metabolic variables are insufficiently clarified in type 2 diabetes. Objective: We aimed to investigate short-term (1 wk) and longerterm (9 wk) effects of n 3 fatty acids. Design: Twenty-six subjects with type 2 diabetes without hypertriacylglycerolemia participated in a double-blind controlled study. Median intake in the intervention group was 17.6 mL fish oil/d (1.8 g 20:5n 3, 3.0 g 22:6n 3, and 5.9 g total n 3 fatty acids). The control group received 17.8 mL corn oil/d (8.5 g 18:2n 6). Results: Plasma phospholipid 20:5n 3 and 22:6n 3 increased, whereas 18:2n 6 decreased, in the fish oil group compared with the corn oil group after 1 wk. The two n 3 fatty acids also increased in adipose tissue biopsy samples taken after 9 wk in the fish oil group. Glucose concentrations (home-monitored) were 1 mmol/L higher in the fish oil group than in the corn oil group at the end of the intervention (P 0.035). Glucose utilization measured by using an isoglycemic clamp was lowered in the fish oil group compared with that in the corn oil group at the end of the intervention (P 0.049), whereas glucagon-stimulated C-peptide tended to increase (P 0.078). The fish oil group utilized less fat for oxidation after 1 wk, with a change to more fat and less carbohydrate oxidation after 9 wk (P 0.040), than did the corn oil group. Conclusion: A high intake of fish oil moderately increases blood glucose and decreases insulin sensitivity in persons with type 2 diabetes without hypertriacylglycerolemia and alters carbohydrate and fat utilization in a time-dependent manner. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:540–50.
Modeling and Estimation of Energy‐Based Hyperelastic Objects

In this paper, we present a method to model hyperelasticity that is well suited for representing the nonlinearity of real‐world objects, as well as for estimating it from deformation examples. Previous approaches suffer several limitations, such as lack of integrability of elastic forces, failure to enforce energy convexity, lack of robustness of parameter estimation, or difficulty to model cross‐modal effects. Our method avoids these problems by relying on a general energy‐based definition of elastic properties. The accuracy of the resulting elastic model is maximized by defining an additive model of separable energy terms, which allow progressive parameter estimation. In addition, our method supports efficient modeling of extreme nonlinearities thanks to energy‐limiting constraints. We combine our energy‐based model with an optimization method to estimate model parameters from force‐deformation examples, and we show successful modeling of diverse deformable objects, including cloth, human finger skin, and internal human anatomy in a medical imaging application.
Autonomous load sharing of voltage source converters

An autonomous load-sharing technique for parallel connected three-phase voltage source converters is presented. An improved power-frequency droop scheme computes and sets the phase angle of the voltage source converter (VSC) directly to yield more rapid real power sharing without sacrificing frequency regulation. Reactive power sharing in the presence of a mismatch between the VSC output interface inductors is achieved by having each VSC regulate the high side voltage with a drooped voltage reference. Dynamics of the reactive power control can be tuned without interfering with steady-state reactive power sharing. Simulation results that validate the proposed technique are also provided.
Improved stopband of a compact 1-cell CRLH-TL UWB bandpass filter by forming additional nulls

Previously, we suggested the unprecedented design of a very compact UWB bandpass filter, which is based on the 1-cell microstrip Composite Right- and Left-Handed Transmission-line(CRLH-TL)[1]. Though the design result turned out satisfactory in terms of Bandwidth, Insertion Loss, Return Loss, Group Delay variation and so on, it had a narrow stopband beyond the upper passband edge. Therefore, we present the improved design to widen the stopband from ‘10.6 GHz∼12.6 GHz’ to ‘10.6 GHz∼14.6 GHz’ by modifying the original structure to create additional nulls(or poles), and the resultant structure is still as small as ‘guided wavelength( λ <inf>g</inf> )/9.4’.
The Contribution of Morphological and Semantic Relatedness to Repetition Priming at Short and Long Lags: Evidence from Hebrew

The effect of morphological repetition at lag 0 and at lag 15 on lexical decision was investigated in Hebrew with three types of relation between prime and target. In the semantic-plus-morphological condition (SM), the prime and the target in each pair were two semantically related derivatives of the same root. In the “pure morphological” condition (M), the prime and the target derived from the same root, but their semantic association was very low, or nonexistent. In the semantic priming condition (S), primes and targets were semantically associated but were not morphologically related. The pure semantic relationship produced a significant facilitation at lag 0 that disappeared completely at lag 15. The pure morphological relation produced (smaller but) significant facilitation at lag 0 that was not attenuated at lag 15. When prime and target were semantically as well as morphologically related, the facilitation at lag 0 was similar to semantic priming, whereas at lag 15 it was similar to the pure morphological effect. Significant repetition effects at both lags were also found with non-words that shared the same (nonsensical) root and differed with respect to real derivational affixes. The differential time course for facilitation due to semantic and morphological relatedness suggests distinct underlying processes, although at lag 0 it is possible that semantic relatedness may augment the morphological repetition effect. Morphological repetition probably facilitates the retrieval of lexical information that, under certain circumstances, is necessary for lexical decision.
Towards an environment-sociologic model for prediction of environmental behaviors and investigation of strategic policy alternatives.

Development of a comprehensive environment-sociologic model constitutes one of the important steps toward enhancing a better understanding of environmental sustainability. A comprehensive behavioral model would provide a quasi-objective means for identification and evaluation of significant factors related to individual as well as communal environmental behaviors. Literature review indicates that current models are not suitable for prediction of environmental behaviors. This paper uses an environment-sociologic worldview to provide a comprehensive model to study individual and communal behaviors in conjunction with environmental sustainability. The main determinant factors of the model which influence environmental behavior through individual and communal actions include: awareness of environmental consequences, manifestation of behavioral environmental responsibility, environmentally-based social affects, environmental knowledge, social norms, environmental identity and controllability of behaviors. Our review suggests that, compared to existing constructs, a more comprehensive model is needed to provide a better tool for reliable prediction and adoption of environment-conscious behaviors.
Superexchange in the cuprates.

It is shown that the usual three-center cation-anion-cation model or fourth-order pertrubation expression (in the Cu-O hopping parameter [ital t][sub [ital p][ital d]]) does not give a useful (even qualitative) estimate for the superexchange [ital J], even though, by coincidence, it predicts a magnitude that is reasonable. There are two additional contributions, both due to the oxygen-oxygen hopping [ital t][sub [ital p][ital p]], which are estimated to be responsible for about 2/3 of the total exchange interaction. The first causes a strong enhancement of the usual fourth-order [ital J] and is conventional in the sense that it goes like 1/[ital U] for a large on-site Coulomb interaction [ital U] on copper and oxygen, and is always antiferromagnetic (AFM). Its importance is due to a large prefactor in the perturbation series in [ital t][sub [ital p][ital p]]/[Delta], where [Delta] is the charge-transfer energy. The second AFM term is of a topological nature in the sense that its sign is determined by the signs of the different hopping parameters and the arrangement of the Cu and O sites in the CuO[sub 2] planes. This term does [ital not] involve doubly occupied sites, and is a consequence of the extra degrees of freedommore » formed by the oxygen 2[ital p] orbitals. Starting from the three-band model, these two effects are examined by means of fifth-order perturbation theory and perturbation theory that involves oxygen bands explicitly. The results are compared with numerical estimates of [ital J] from finite-size clusters. « less
Learning from Mathematics Practice in Out-of-School Situations.

Research in the last fifteen years has indicated a burgeoning interest in examining the mathematics practice in distinct cultures [e.g. Brenner, 1985; Lancy, 1983; Saxe, 1991] and everyday situations within cultures [e.g. Carraher, Carraher & Schliemann, 1985; de la Rocha, 1985; Harris, 1987; Lave, 1988]. Research on mathematics practice in distinct cultures has tended to look at the mathemat-
Uranium doping and thermal neutron irradiation flux pinning effects in MgB/sub 2/

The U/n method is a well-established means of improving flux pinning and critical current performance in cuprate superconductors. The method involves the doping of the superconductor with /sup 235/U followed by irradiation with thermal neutrons to promote fission. The resultant columnar damage tracks produced by the energetic fission products pin flux vortices and improve critical current performance in magnetic fields. No such improvement could be observed when the U/n method was applied to the MgB/sub 2/ superconductor. No fission tracks could be observed in TEM, even for samples that were irradiated at the highest fluence. Gamma-ray spectroscopy indicated that fission had occurred in the expected way. The likely resistance of MgB/sub 2/ to the formation of fission tracks is highly relevant to attempts to improve flux pinning and superconducting performance in this material through the introduction of columnar defects.
Adaptive deconvolution of seismic signals-performance, computational analysis, parallelism

The deconvolution problem in the face of incomplete model knowledge is addressed. The proposed solution involves the use of the Lainiotis adaptive estimation algorithm in conjunction with two classes of conventional deconvolution algorithms. The overall performance is investigated through extensive simulation. The computational requirements of the adaptive algorithms are studied in detail. Results indicate that the use of the adaptive algorithms can be highly beneficial with regard to performance, especially when little or no information about the model is available. The computational overhead is low, especially if a parallel implementation is possible. >
Plant Cell Growth in Tissue1[OA]

Cell walls are part of the apoplasm pathway that transports water, solutes, and nutrients to cells within plant tissue. Pressures within the apoplasm (cell walls and xylem) are often different from atmospheric pressure during expansive growth of plant cells in tissue. The previously established Augmented Growth Equations are modified to evaluate the turgor pressure, water uptake, and expansive growth of plant cells in tissue when pressures within the apoplasm are lower and higher than atmospheric pressure. Analyses indicate that a step-down and step-up in pressure within the apoplasm will cause an exponential decrease and increase in turgor pressure, respectively, and the rates of water uptake and expansive growth each undergo a rapid decrease and increase, respectively, followed by an exponential return to their initial magnitude. Other analyses indicate that pressure within the apoplasm decreases exponentially to a lower value after a step-down in turgor pressure, which simulates its behavior after an increase in expansive growth rate. Also, analyses indicate that the turgor pressure decays exponentially to a constant value that is the sum of the critical turgor pressure and pressure within the apoplasm during stress relaxation experiments in which pressures within the apoplasm are not atmospheric pressure. Additional analyses indicate that when the turgor pressure is constant (clamped), a decrease in pressure within the apoplasm elicits an increase in elastic expansion followed by an increase in irreversible expansion rate. Some analytical results are supported by prior experimental research, and other analytical results can be verified with existing experimental methods.
Overexpression of C/EBPβ Represses Human Papillomavirus Type 18 Upstream Regulatory Region Activity in HeLa Cells by Interfering with the Binding of TATA-Binding Protein

ABSTRACT The human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) upstream regulatory region (URR) controls cell type-specific expression of viral oncoproteins E6 and E7. The HPV-18 URR is highly active in HeLa cells, but its activity is virtually undetectable in HepG2 cells. Previous work has shown that YY1 plays an important role in activation of the HPV-18 URR in HeLa cells, and this activating activity is dependent on its physical interaction with C/EBPβ, which binds to the switch region adjacent to the YY1 site in the URR. Overexpression of C/EBPβ in HepG2 cells restores C/EBPβ-YY1 interaction, resulting in strong activation of the HPV-18 URR activity. In this report, we show that, in contrast to the effect in HepG2 cells, overexpression of C/EBPβ represses the HPV-18 URR in HeLa cells. This C/EBPβ-induced repression of the HPV-18 URR in HeLa cells is binding site independent. It is also promoter specific, since it activates the albumin promoter under conditions in which it represses the URR in the same cells. Biochemical analysis shows that overexpression of C/EBPβ in HeLa cells specifically interferes with binding of TATA-binding protein to the TATA box of the HPV-18 URR, but its overexpression in HepG2 cells leads to activation of the HPV-18 URR. These results suggest that a molecular mechanism underlies the ability of C/EBPβ to regulate transcription in a cell type-specific manner and indicate the potential of using C/EBPβ to manipulate the activity of the HPV-18 URR in cervical carcinoma cells.
Validity and Feasibility Evidence of Objective Structured Clinical Examination to Assess Competencies of Pediatric Critical Care Trainees*

Objective:The purpose of this study was to provide validity and feasibility evidence for the use of an objective structured clinical examination in the assessment of pediatric critical care medicine trainees. Design:This was a validation study. Validity evidence was based on Messick’s framework. Setting:A tertiary, university-affiliated academic center. Subjects:Seventeen pediatric critical care medicine fellows were recruited in 2012 and 2013 academic year. Interventions:None. All subjects completed an objective structured clinical examination assessment. Measurements and Main Results:Seventeen trainees were assessed. Simulation scenarios were developed for content validity by pediatric critical care medicine and education experts using CanMEDS competencies. Scenarios were piloted before the study. Each scenario was evaluated by two interprofessional raters. Inter-rater agreement, measured using intraclass correlations, was 0.91 (SE = 0.09) across stations. Generalizability theory was used to evaluate internal structure and reliability. Reliability was moderate (G-coefficient = 0.67, &PHgr;-coefficient = 0.52). The greatest source of variability was from participant by station variance (40.6%). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationship of objective structured clinical examination with each traditional assessment instruments: multisource feedback, in-training evaluation report, short-answer questions, and Multidisciplinary Critical Care Knowledge Assessment Program. Performance on the objective structured clinical examination correlated with performance on the Multidisciplinary Critical Care Knowledge Assessment Program (r = 0.52; p = 0.032) and multisource feedback (r = 0.59; p = 0.017), but not with the overall performance on the in-training evaluation report (r = 0.37; p = 0.143) or short-answer questions (r = 0.08; p = 0.767). Consequences were not assessed. Conclusion:Validity and feasibility evidence in this study indicate that the use of the objective structured clinical examination scores can be a valid way to assess CanMEDS competencies required for independent practice in pediatric critical care medicine.
Mean serum concentration of vitamin D-binding protein (Gc globulin) is related to the Gc phenotype in women.

Immunonephelometry has been reported (1) to be a suitable method for quantification of vitamin D-binding protein (also known as Gc globulin or Gc). We wished to develop such a method and examine the association between the mean serum concentration of Gc in women of known Gc phenotype and the phenotype of Gc. Gc is a 52- to 58-kDa multifunctional plasma protein, synthesized mainly by hepatocytes. Polymorphisms in the Gc gene (codominant alleles) give rise to three major electrophoretic variants of Gc (Gc2, Gc1s, and Gc1f), which differ by amino acid substitutions as well as glycosylation (2)(3). The physiological significance related to the various phenotypes is yet to be discovered. Gc is the major carrier protein of vitamin D and its metabolites in the circulation and is important for preservation of the vitamin (4)(5). Gc also transports components such as fatty acids and endotoxin (6)(7), and it is an important player in the actin scavenging system (8)(9). Gc binds actin released from cells upon injury, and the Gc-actin complexes are rapidly cleared from the circulation, thereby preventing the harmful effects of actin filaments in blood vessels. The resulting decrease in Gc concentration makes Gc usable as a prognostic indicator of survival of patients with significant tissue injury after trauma (10) and among patients with hepatic failure (11). In addition to being a transporter and an actin scavenger protein, Gc may be of importance for bone formation and in the immune system. After in vitro removal of its galactose and sialic acid residues, Gc is converted to a very potent macrophage-activating factor, Gc-MAF (12). Administration of Gc-MAF to osteopetrotic rodents reversed their bone and immunological defects, probably by activating osteoclasts as well as macrophages (13). Finally, together with complement factors C5a and C5a …
Hyperspectral and Multispectral Retrieval of Suspended Sediment in Shallow Coastal Waters Using Semi-Analytical and Empirical Methods

Natural lagoons and estuaries worldwide are experiencing accelerated ecosystem degradation due to increased anthropogenic pressure. As a key driver of coastal zone dynamics, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is difficult to monitor with adequate spatial and temporal resolutions both in the field and using remote sensing. In particular, the spatial resolutions of currently available remote sensing data generated by satellite sensors designed for ocean color retrieval, such as MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) or SeaWiFS (Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor), are too coarse to capture the dimension and geomorphological heterogeneity of most estuaries and lagoons. In the present study, we explore the use of hyperspectral (Hyperion) and multispectral data, i.e., the Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) and ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus), ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer), and ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite), to estimate SSC through semi-analytical and empirical approaches in the Venice lagoon (Italy). Key parameters of the retrieval models are calibrated and cross-validated by matching the remote sensing estimates of SSC with in situ data from a network of water quality sensors. Our analysis shows that, despite the higher spectral resolution, hyperspectral data provide limited advantages over the use of multispectral data, mainly due to information redundancy and cross-band correlation. Meanwhile, the limited historical archive of hyperspectral data (usually acquired on demand) severely reduces the chance of observing high turbidity events, which are relatively rare but critical in controlling the coastal sediment and geomorphological dynamics. On the contrary, retrievals using available multispectral data can encompass a much wider range of SSC values due to their frequent acquisitions and longer historical archive. For the retrieval methods considered in this study, we find that the semi-analytical method outperforms empirical approaches, when applied to both the hyperspectral and multispectral dataset. Interestingly, the improved performance emerges more clearly when the data used for testing are kept separated from those used in the calibration, suggesting a greater ability of semi-analytical models to “generalize” beyond the specific data set used for model calibration.