Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Solid Particle Erosion of the Sealing Surface Materials of a Ball Valve

The ball valve is an essential piece of equipment in an oil and gas pipeline. The sand particles transported through the pipeline can cause erosion and wear to the ball valve, thus causing it to fail, leading to serious safety hazards. In this paper, the self-designed erosion experiment method was combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), while the Euler-Lagrange method was also introduced to optimize the Oka erosion model and Ford particle-wall rebound model. The erosion mechanism and characteristics of the ball valve sealing surface in gas-solid two-phase flow were simulated, while the erosion condition of the specimen was analyzed and compared when exposed to different factors, such as different particle velocities, impact angle, particle size, and specimen materials. The experimental data conformed well to the CFD erosion simulation data, verifying the accuracy of the CFD simulation analysis. The results indicated that the worn surface was caused by various wear mechanisms, while a “stagnation zone” was identified at the center of the specimen. The maximum erosion area, which was U-shaped, was also located at the center. The erosion rate increased in conjunction with an increase in the particle velocity and size, both of which failed to affect the erosion pattern. The erosion rate initially increased, after which it decreased with the impact angle, reaching the maximum value at an impact angle of 30°. This paper summarizes the erosion failure mechanism and characteristics in gas–solid two-phase flow and provides both technical support and a theoretical basis for the on-site maintenance of essential vulnerable parts in the pipeline, such as ball valves.
Genome-wide Association Study of Individual Sugar Content and Sugar Conversion in Fruit of Japanese Pear (Pyrus spp.)

Background: Sweetness is one of the most important traits determining fruit quality. Sweetness is controlled not only by the total sugar content but also by the contents of individual sugars. The major sugars in mature Rosaceae fruits are sucrose, fructose, glucose, and sorbitol, which have different levels of sweetness. Among these, sucrose and fructose have high sweetness, whereas glucose and sorbitol have low sweetness. The objective of this study was to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with fruit traits including individual sugar accumulation and conversion, to infer the candidate genes underlying the QTLs, and to assess the potential of genomic selection for breeding pear fruit traits.Results: We evaluated 10 fruit traits and conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 106 cultivars and 17 breeding populations (1112 F1 individuals) using 3484 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped by double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq). By implementing a mixed linear model and a Bayesian multiple-QTL model in GWAS, 56 SNPs associated with fruit traits were identified. Four loci were presumed to be associated with sugar conversion because the SNPs were significant for more than one individual sugar and the individual sugar contents associated with each SNP genotype were negatively correlated. In particular, a SNP located close to acid invertase gene PPAIV3 on chromosome 7 and a newly identified SNP on chromosome 11 had quite large effects on sugar conversion. We used ‘Golden Delicious’ doubled haploid (GDDH) 13, an apple reference genome to infer the candidate genes for the identified SNPs. In the region flanking the SNP on chromosome 11, there is a tandem repeat of early responsive to dehydration (ERD6)-like sugar transporter genes which might play a role in the phenotypes observed.Conclusions: SNPs associated with sugar accumulation and conversion were newly identified at several loci, and candidate genes underlying QTLs were inferred using advanced apple genome information. Several QTLs showed clear effects with more than 10% of phenotypic variance explained by those SNPs in the breeding populations. By combining the effects of multiple QTLs, breeders would be able to select seedlings that will later bear fruit with high sucrose and fructose content.
Model design and gait planning of hexapod climbing robot

In this paper, we design a hexapod climbing robot and propose a cross-plane transition gait algorithm to solve the problem that the general walking robot can't perform the work at high altitude and can't realize the autonomous transition between multiple planes. Firstly, we build a simulation control system based on MATLAB and V-REP for algorithm analysis and motion verification. Meanwhile, virtual connection technology is used to design virtual suction sensor to simulate the real adhesion mechanisms. Then, the single-plane walking gait algorithm is designed based on the SS-Shaped interpolation function, which effectively avoid the wear of the adhesion mechanisms. The transition algorithm based on workspace constraints is designed to greatly improve the adaptability of robots in complex environments. Finally, the simulation of rhythmic gait motion and ground-slope transitional motion verify the effectiveness of the gait planning method.
An Integrated Multi-Task Model for Fake News Detection

Fake news detection attracts many researchers’ attention due to the negative impacts on the society. Most existing fake news detection approaches mainly focus on semantic analysis of news’ contents. However, the detection performance will dramatically decrease when the content of news is short. In this paper, we propose a novel fake news detection multi-task learning (FDML) model based on the following observations: 1) some certain topics have higher percentages of fake news; and 2) some certain news authors have higher intentions to publish fake news. FDML model investigates the impact of topic labels for the fake news and introduce contextual information of news at the same time to boost the detection performance on the short fake news. Specifically, the FDML model consists of representation learning and multi-task learning parts to train the fake news detection task and the news topic classification task, simultaneously. As far as we know, this is the first fake news detection work that integrates the above two tasks. The experiment results show that the FDML model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on real-world fake news dataset.
Genetic Polymorphisms, LDL-C and sdLDL-C Help Optimize Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Therapy

Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and small, dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C) are important risk indicator of coronary heart disease (CHD), but their application in therapy monitoring of CHD is still far from being elucidated. Following the concept of precision medicine, we investigated whether the scientific medication based on medication-sensitive genes can reverse the LDL-C and sdLDL-C status in human bloodstream, so as to reveal the possibility of them as a monitoring indicator of CHD efficacy.Methods: A prospective study of CHD cohort containing 208 Chinese CHD patients (158 males and 50 females) and 20 healthy people (14 males and 6 females) was recruited. LDL-C and its subfractions were detected before and after treatment. Polymorphism of medication-sensitive genes, including SLCO1B1 (rs4149056, 521T>C), CYP2C19*2 (rs4244285, c.681G>A), and CYP2C19*3 (rs4986893, c.636G>A) were detected for medication guidance.Results: Nearly half of Chinese CHD patients (47.60%, 99/208) had genetic polymorphisms with homozygous or heterozygous mutations within these three genes. LDL-1 and LDL-2, subfractions of LDL-C, had a 100% positive rate in CHD patients and healthy people. However, sdLDL-C components of LDL-5 to LDL-7 were only enrichment in CHD patients. Moreover, the mean amount of sdLDL-C subfractions in CHD patients was significantly higher than that in healthy people. Among 180 patients with treatment remission, 81.67% (n=147) of CHD patients had decreased LDL-C, while 61.67% (n=111) of patients had decreased sdLDL-C.Conclusion: sdLDL-C has better accuracy on CHD screening than LDL-C, while LDL-C was more suitable for CHD therapy monitoring. Combined medication-sensitive genes polymorphism, LDL-C and sdLDL-C detection would optimize the treatment strategy for CHD patients.
Juice attributes of Ontario-grown culinary (dessert) apples for cider

Abstract: Continued interest in the commercial production of cider in Ontario has revealed that there is a lack of information available to apple producers and cidermakers on the juice attributes of culinary dessert apple for making cider and how they may vary from orchard to orchard. A two-year study was conducted to characterize the juice characteristics of 18 common culinary dessert apple cultivars grown at several locations in Ontario. Juice was assayed for soluble solids concentration, pH, titratable acidity (TA), juice extraction efficiency, yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN), polyphenols, and soluble solids to TA ratio. Significant differences among cultivars were observed for all parameters, which varied by orchard and year, except juice extraction efficiency. These data underly the importance of assaying juice every growing season prior to fermentation. Cidermakers should focus on juice characteristics from culinary apples that are more difficult to alter (with amendments), and use juice with lower pH, higher TA and polyphenols, and moderate to higher YAN to optimize cider quality and flavour. Overall, this study will inform cidermakers of which culinary apple cultivars might be preferable for fermentation as well as how they might be blended to optimize cider quality. Notwithstanding annual and orchard variation, cultivars that meet these criteria include Cortland, Crimson Crisp, Honeycrisp, Jonagold, McIntosh, and Northern Spy. If making cider from Ambrosia, Crispin, Empire, Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious, or Idared, cidermakers should expect to blend the juice from these cultivars to create a more fully balanced juice prior to fermentation.
Analysis of Volatile Components in Baihaoyinzhen white tea co-fermented with Vanilla and Citri Grandis Exocarpium by HS-SPME-GC-MS

Flavor, bioactivity, and commercial value are different in various kinds of tea. To improve the aroma and quality of Baihaoyinzhen white tea (BHYZ), different BHYZ was prepared by co-fermented with Vanilla (BHYZ-V) or Citri Grandis Exocarpium (BHYZ-C). The results showed that the volatile components of BHYZ were significantly changed after co-fermented, when HS-SPME-GC-MS was used for analysis. Thirty-nine, thirty-eight, and forty-four volatile compounds were identified by MS similarity in BHYZ, BHYZ co-fermented with Vanilla and BHYZ co-fermented with Citri Grandis Exocarpium (CGE), respectively. The volatile components in BHYZ-V with high content were similar to the BHYZ, but the content of most components increased. However, twenty-eight volatile components were only found in BHYZ-C, of which the predominant aroma compounds were D-limonene (39.28%), γ-terpinene (9.03%), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (8.51%), linalool (7.25%), and germacrene D (4.61%). The results indicated that CGE enhanced aroma characteristic of BHYZ rather than Vanilla, which would be a feasible way to improve the quality of BHYZ.
Air Pollution Associated Dry Eye Disease May Be Increased by Qi Stagnation in Young: A Nested Case-Control Study in Liaoning, China

Background: Little information exists regarding the interaction of Qi stagnation and air pollution on young’s dry eye disease (DED) in fixed area with an epidemic threat. The aim of this study is to assess the modification by Qi stagnation on the associations of exposure with DED in Chinese young. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted in Chinese young population aged 17-20 years, within a cohort of He Eye Health screening project. All cases newly diagnosed (n = 576) were matched to controls (n = 576) by age and sex. Logistic regression model was used to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of DED for exposure to different air pollutants in terms of an interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure level, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: In single-pollutant model, the DED ORs (95% CI) for the 20th to 40th percent of quintile (vs. lowest) were 2.64 (1.66, 4.18) for PM2.5, 1.70 (1.09, 2.66) for PM10, for the highest quintile (vs. lowest) were 1.74 (1.13, 2.66) for CO, and 1.57 (0.98, 2.51) NO2. In contrast, the odds ratios for the highest quintile (vs. lowest) were 0.23 (0.07, 0.78) for O3. Corresponding estimates were higher among Stagnant qi constitution [ORPM10 = 1.69 (1.08, 2.16), ORCO = 1.93 (1.19, 3.54)] than Balanced constitution [ORPM10 = 1.29 (0.79, 2.05), ORCO = 1.70 (1.09, 3.43)] for PM10 and CO2, respectively. In addition, O3 was inversely associated for Stagnant qi constitution [0.67 (0.23, 1.90)] and Balanced constitution [0.51 (0.08, 1.40)]. Conclusion: Exposure to ambient PM2.5, PM10, CO and NO2 was positively associated with DED in Chinese young population. Qi stagnation might amplify the association of exposures to PM10 and CO with DED.
Bioassay-Guided Separation Approach for Characterization of New Antibacterial Fractions from the Stem Roots Extracts of Archidendron jiringa

: Infectious diseases caused by bacteria has become a global health issue, especially antibacterial drug resistance. The most serious concern with antibacterial resistance is that some bacteria became resistant to almost all antibacterial drugs, which makes them less effective. Archidendron jiringa is one of the most potent medicinal plants to be developed as a new source of antibacterial components. In current study, based on the antibacterial assay-guided approach, the separation of bioactive fractions of A. jiringa stem roots was carried out through several stages including isolation, fractionation, and characterization. The stages of isolation of secondary metabolites were conducted by gradually extraction followed by fractionation using chromatographic methods. The antibacterial potential of extracts was evaluated by the disc diffusion and microdilution methods employing the resazurin assay against one Gram-negative resistant bacteria, Escherichia coli, and one Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis. Among three extracts obtained, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts demonstrated to be the most significant antibacterial effects, while no antibacterial activity was shown on the n-hexane extract. The fractionation of ethyl acetate extract led to the isolation of the most bioactive fractions (E 2 8 1 5 and E 2 8 1 6) with the MIC’s values ranging of 12.5–25 µg/mL for both resistant bacteria. Due to the low amount, only the fraction E 2 8 1 6 was subjected to analysis by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. The results exhibited that the bioactive fraction was obtained as a mixture of at least three major constituents. However, the purification of the bioactive fraction is required, to further clarify the antibacterial compound that can be utilized as a new promising antibacterial agent. The bioassay-guided separation approach and the dye resazurin as an indicator of the growth of bacteria are applied for the first time for the phytopharmacological investigation from this plant. The present study represented the most effective method for subsequent finding and isolation of potential novel antibacterial constituents from A. stem roots, in particular against the multi-drug resistant strains.
Short-Term Reversals, Short-Term Momentum, and News-Driven Trading Activity

Abstract We find no evidence of monthly return reversals for the top quintile of small- and large-cap stocks ranked by turnover. Indeed, stocks in the top decile of turnover display short-term momentum. We argue that these findings arise from a combination of effects. First, short-term reversals stem from short-term liquidity demands. Second, news-driven returns tend to continue rather than reverse. Third, turnover acts as a proxy for both liquidity and news-driven trading activity. The evidence suggests that reversals give way to momentum as turnover increases because high-turnover stocks are more liquid than low-turnover stocks and their returns are more reflective of news-driven trading activity. For example, the correlation between the monthly returns of stocks that announce earnings during the month and their announcement-window returns increases with monthly turnover. Furthermore, sorting stocks into turnover-based portfolios that are rebalanced monthly leads to a disproportionate number of stocks with earnings announcements in the high-turnover portfolios.
Destination green equity and its moderating role of travel satisfaction

Being sustainable reflects a need to appreciate tourist demands in line with the needs of the local community, industry, and environment. In other words, there should be measures to assess a place’s sustainable practices from the eye of the beholders. This study works to develop the concept of destination green equity, which is defined as tourist perception of a destination’s environmental initiatives, and explores its moderating role in the relationship between product and destination satisfaction. Drawing on the goal setting/striving theoretical stream of work, we propose a moderation model of green equity for the relationship between tourism product and destination satisfaction. Based on a sample of over 400 tourists, results reveal that a place’s green equity moderates the effect of food/transportation satisfaction in that the effect is more acute for the high green equity group. This study contributes to the literature by showcasing how environmental initiatives such as recycling and reducing energy consumption could ultimately elevate tourist satisfaction with a destination’s food and transportation offerings. The four-item green equity measure offers scholars and practitioners with a fairly simple and yet comprehensive way to assess a destination’s ecological achievement from the viewpoint of tourists. It also opens an avenue for assessing a place’s greening efforts and the conditioning impacts of such efforts on tourists.
Synthesis and crystal structure of zirconium tungstate ZrW 2 O 7 (OH,Cl) 2 ·2H 2 O

ZrW 2 O 7 (OH,Cl) 2 . 2H 2 O has been synthesised by refluxing, followed by hydrothermal crystallisation of amorphous zirconium tungstate gels in 1-8 M HCl. It is known that the amorphous Zr tungstate can be used as a gel-generator for production of the 188 Re medical radioisotope. The structure of ZrW 2 O 7 (OH,Cl) 2 . 2H 2 O has been refined by conventional powder diffractometer data. The compound crystallises in the tetragonal space group I4 1 cd (no, 110 ) with a = 11.4454(4), c = 12.4851(7) A, Z = 8 and D c = 3.74 g cm -3 . Rietveld refinement has been carried out from X-ray diffraction data using Co-Kα radiation over the angular range 15-105° (2θ) and converged with R wp = 8.85%, R p = 6.60%. The structure consists of regular ZrO 7 pentagonal bipyramids and distorted WO 6 octahedra, connected in a three-dimensional framework. The terminal hydroxy groups of tungsten polyhedra are statistically substituted by Cl.
Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Development in a Closed Groundwater-Driven Basin: A Case Study of the Siwa Region, Western Desert of Egypt

The Siwa region located in the Western Desert of Egypt has 30,000 acres available for reclamation as a part of a national project to increase agricultural production. This study addressed the climate change-driven long-term concerns of developing an agricultural project in this region where groundwater from the non-renewable Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) is the only source of water. Different climate models were used under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs); RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Projected seasonal temperatures show that the maximum increase in summer is 1.68 ± 1.64 °C in 2060 and 4.65 ± 1.82 °C in 2100 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. The increase in water requirement for crops is estimated around 6–8.1% under RCP 4.5 while around 9.7–18.2% under RCP 8.5. Maximum reductions of strategic crop yields vary from 2.9% to 12.8% in 2060 under RCP 4.5, while from 10.4% to 27.4% in 2100 under RCP 8.5. Project goals are feasible until 2100 under RCP 4.5 but only until 2080 with RCP 8.5. When an optimization analysis was conducted, these goals are possible from 2080 to 2100 by modified land allocation. The proposed methodology is useful to project impact of climate change anywhere such that management and adaptation options can be proposed for sustainable agricultural development.
Experimental research of neutron yield and spectrum from deuterium gas-puff z-pinch on the GIT-12 generator at current above 2 MA

The Z-pinch experiments with deuterium gas-puff surrounded by an outer plasma shell were carried out on the GIT-12 generator (Tomsk, Russia) at currents of 2 MA. The plasma shell consisting of hydrogen and carbon ions was formed by 48 plasma guns. The deuterium gas-puff was created by a fast electromagnetic valve. This configuration provides an efficient mode of the neutron production in DD reaction, and the neutron yield reaches a value above 1012 neutrons per shot. Neutron diagnostics included scintillation TOF detectors for determination of the neutron energy spectrum, bubble detectors BD-PND, a silver activation detector, and several activation samples for determination of the neutron yield analysed by a Sodium Iodide (NaI) and a high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. Using this neutron diagnostic complex, we measured the total neutron yield and amount of high-energy neutrons.
Review of automated segmentation approaches for knee images

Knee disorders are common among the human population. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most widespread knee joint disorder, which may require surgical treatment. The detection and diagnosis of knee joint disorders from medical images demand enormous human effort and time. The development of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system can notably minimise the burden of medical experts and remove the intra-observer and inter-observer variations. To achieve the goal, the highly challenging research problem of knee image segmentation has been frequently paid attention in past years, which can be efﬁciently applied in the development of the CAD system. Knee image segmentation is a challenging task owing to the image contrasts, intensity variations, shape irregularities, and the presence of thin cartilage structures. Therefore, this paper presents a literature review of automated segmentation approaches mainly focused on the segmentation of knee cartilage and bone, with respect to the underlying technical aspects, datasets used, and the performance reported. The paper also presents the growth from classical segmentation approaches towards the deep learning approaches in the knee image segmentation. Owing to the varying quality and complexity of different knee image datasets, this paper abstains from doing a rigorous comparative evaluation of image segmentation approaches.
Cool, Calm, and Collected: The Associations Between Self-Leadership and Adult Mental and Relational Health Outcomes

Abstract Internal Family Systems (IFS) is an effective model of psychotherapy. The central concept of IFS is the Self, characterized by compassion, calm, and courage. The Self is theorized to reduce adult mental health problems and strengthen intimate relationships. The current study examined the associations between Self-Leadership and adult symptoms of anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and dissociation as well as relational outcomes including positive relationship quality, negative relationship quality, and attributions. Results indicate that Self-Leadership was uniquely associated with of all mental and relational health outcomes. Helping clients increase Self-Leadership can reduce mental health symptoms and strengthen adult intimate relationships.