Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing Urban Heat Island area in Jakarta and it’s relation to land use changes

Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon that occurs in almost all metropolitan cities in the world. The UHI phenomenon also occurs in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, a metropolitan city with an area of 662 km2, 12 million inhabitants, and an average population density of 16,000 per km2. Previous research shows the area of UHI, areas with temperatures> 300, in Jakarta in 1989 reached 84.53 km2 or 0.1 % of the total area. Based on these facts, the aim of this study is to identify changes in the area of UHI areas from 2008 to 2018 and their relation to land use changes. Temperature data used in this study are from Landsat satellite images in 2008, 2013 and 2018, while the land use data used are from National Geospatial Information Agency. Similar to the previous research, the operational definition of UHI used in this study is that UHI is the area with surface temperature > 300. The method used is spatial analysis and comparison method. The results showed that the area of UHI in Jakarta had increased. The areas of UHI Jakarta were 36.5%, 84.7%, and 85.2% of the total areas respectively in 2008, 2013 and 2018. The increases of UHI’s area were in line with the increases of the built areas that respectively 79.2%, 82.9% and 85.2%. Land use for housing, commercial and services, industry and warehousing and transportation facilities seem to be more significantly affecting the increases of UHI area rather other land uses.
Maladaptive avoidance learning in the orbitofrontal cortex in adolescents with major depression

Background: Understanding the mechanisms in the brain's incentive network that give rise to symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) during adolescence provides new perspectives to address MDD in early stages of development. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study determines whether instrumental vigor and brain responses to appetitive and aversive monetary incentives are altered in adolescent MDD and associated with symptom severity. Methods: Adolescents with moderate to severe MDD (n=30, age=16.1 [1.4]), and healthy controls (n=33, age=16.2 [1.9]) matched for age, sex, and IQ performed a monetary incentive delay task. During outcome presentation, prediction error signals were used to study the response and coupling of the incentive network during learning of cue-outcome associations. A computational reinforcement model was used to assess adaptation of response vigor. Brain responses and effective connectivity to model-derived prediction errors were assessed and related to depression severity and anhedonia levels. Results: Participants with MDD behaved according to a more simplistic learning model and exhibited slower learning. Effective connectivity analysis of fMRI data revealed that impaired loss error processing in the orbitofrontal cortex was associated with aberrant gain-control. Anhedonia scores correlated with loss-related error signals in the posterior insula and habenula. Conclusions: Adolescent MDD is selectively related to impaired processing of error signals during loss, but not reward, in the orbitofrontal cortex. Aberrant evaluation of loss outcomes might reflect an early mechanism of how negative bias and helplessness manifest in the brain. This approach sheds light on pathomechanisms in MDD and may improve early diagnosis and treatment selection.
Pressure Vessel Design Optimization of the Transformational Challenge Reactor

Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-publicaccess-plan). Pressure Vessel Design Optimization of The Transformational Challenge Reactor
Gastrointestinal Tract Symptomatology in Adults with Pica and Autism

Аутизм и нарушения развития. Т. 18. No 4 (69). 2020 Autism and Developmental Disorders (Russia). Vol. 18. No 4 (69). 2020 CC BY-NC Аутизм и нарушения развития 2020. Т. 18. No 4. С. 3—12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2020180401 ISSN: 1994-1617 (печатный) ISSN: 2413-4317 (online) Autism and Developmental Disorders 2020. Vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 3—12 DOi: https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2020180401 ISSN: 1994-1617 (print) ISSN: 2413-4317 (online)
Soft-Switched Single Inductor Single Stage Multiport Bidirectional Power Converter for Hybrid Energy Systems

A soft-switched nonisolated multiport bidirectional converter is proposed for hybrid energy system applications. The proposed topology improves the efficiency and expands the applications of the conventional three-port converter (TPC) by adding a soft-switching cell and a bidirectional power flow path from output to charge the energy storage device. Moreover, soft-switching conditions for all TPC switches in all operating modes are achieved. The topology uses one inductor that is shared by all power flow paths. Thus, power conversion in all operating modes is done in a single-stage and the conduction loss is reduced. To implement the soft-switching cell, coupled inductors are used to optimize the magnetic core and volume of the converter. Various converter operating modes are presented, and design considerations are discussed. Moreover, different control system operating modes are explained and designed in detail. Finally, a converter prototype to supply a 250 W–200 V load is implemented, and the theoretical analysis is validated by the experimental results.
Mannosylerythritol Lipid-A as a Pour Point Depressant for Enhancing the Low-Temperature Fluidity of Biodiesel and Hydrocarbon Fuels

Free flow of fuels at reduced temperatures and the variation of their cloud point depending upon their source have been a concern that has not been addressed effectively. In this study we report MEL-A a biosurfactant as PPD to improve the low temp fluidity of biodiesel and hydrocarbon fuels at subzero temperature. MEL-A decreases the phase transition of biodiesel, consumer-grade diesel (CGD), and refinery-grade diesel (RGD) by 8.7, 3.3, and 10.3 °C, respectively. The addition of MEL-A decreases the cloud point of biodiesel, CGD, and RGD by 3.2, 9.0, and 1.5 °C. The mechanism of action of MEL-A is elucidated by studying the thermal behavior of individual fatty acid methyl esters and their mixtures as well as corresponding blends prepared. X-ray diffraction indicates that MEL-A interferes with the crystallization of methyl stearate, a major component of biodiesel. This interaction has been shown to be reversible and is mediated by its physical association with the fuel components. MEL-A is a biosurfactant, .
Corrosion characteristics of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and the role of molecular biology in SRB studies: an overview

Abstract Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), an anaerobic bacterial group, are found in many environments like freshwater, marine sediments, agricultural soil, and oil wells where sulfate is present. SRB derives energy from electron donors such as sulfate, elemental sulfur or metals, and fermenting nitrate. It is the major bacterial group involved in the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), souring, and biofouling problems in oil-gas-producing facilities as well as transporting and storage facilities. SRB utilizes sulfate ions as an electron acceptor and produce H2S, which is an agent of corrosion, causing severe economic damages. Various theories have been proposed on the direct involvement of H2S and iron sulfides in corrosion; H2S directly attacks and causes corrosion of metals and alloys. Many reviews have been presented on the aforementioned aspects. This review specifically focused on SRB corrosion and the role of molecular biology tools in SRB corrosion studies viz. cathodic and anodic depolarization theories, corrosion characteristics of thermophilic SRB and influence of hydrogenase, temperature, and pressure in thermophilic SRB corrosion, SRB taxonomy, molecular approaches adopted in SRB taxonomical studies, sulfate and citrate metabolism analyses in completed SRB genomes, and comparative studies on SRB’s dissimilatory sulfite reductase structures.
Fast Crank-Nicolson compact difference scheme for the two-dimensional time-fractional mobile/immobile transport equation

: In this paper, we consider the e ﬃ cient numerical scheme for solving time-fractional mobile / immobile transport equation. By utilizing the compact di ﬀ erence operator to approximate the Laplacian, we develop an e ﬃ cient Crank-Nicolson compact di ﬀ erence scheme based on the modiﬁed L1 method. It is proved that the proposed scheme is stable with the accuracy of O ( τ 2 − α + h 4 ), where τ and h are respectively the temporal and spatial stepsizes, and the fractional order α ∈ (0 , 1). In addition, we improve the computational performance for the non-smooth issue by the fast discrete sine transform technology and the method of adding correction terms. Finally, numerical examples are provided to verify the e ﬀ ectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Centralized Routing for Bike-Sharing Systems

Bike-sharing systems, where people rent bikes typically for last-mile commuting, have gained great popularity in recent years due to the rapid development of mobile networks. Station-based bike-sharing systems have been widely studied in both academia and industry, where problems like bike rental demand prediction and bike redistribution have been discussed. In contrast, not much attention has been paid to the routing algorithms for shared-bike riders. A routing solution consists of two stations, suggesting where to rent and return a bike. Existing routing works generally target a single rider. However, during rush hours, there often exist routing requests from multiple riders simultaneously, which has not been carefully investigated before. In this paper, we study the routing problem for multiple shared-bike riders with hardness analyses and approximation algorithms. The challenge lies in how to allocate the limited resources (bikes/docks at the stations) among the competing riders. We show that this problem is NP-hard, and thus propose two heuristics. We also propose an optimization technique on routing plan generations, to improve the efficiency of the algorithms. Extensive experiments have been carried out to verify the performance of the proposed algorithms. It turns out that the greedy-based routing algorithm, which has an approximation factor of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\frac{1}{3}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mfrac></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zheng-ieq1-3073983.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, is both effective and efficient.
Biological and molecular characterization of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus isolates from sweet and sour cherry

Abstract Biological and molecular properties of six Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) isolates originating from sweet and sour cherry trees were studied. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) showed PNRSV infection in leaf samples from the respective source trees. While one of the infected source trees was symptomless, the other five showed symptoms, ranging from chlorotic to necrotic spots on the leaves. The reaction of greenhouse-grown seedlings of 22 herbaceous test plant species was investigated. The woody indicators Prunus serrulata cv. Kwanzan, wild cherry Prunus avium, P. cerasus, P. cerasifera and P. tomentosa were chip-budded. Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus cv. Amelia, C. sativus cv. Levina and P. tomentosa appeared as the most suitable test plants for the bioassay of the studied PNRSV isolates. The nucleotide sequences corresponding to the full-length coat (CP) and movement (MP) proteins were obtained. The nucleotide sequence identity among the studied isolates both in CP and MP genes was from 94% to 100%. The CP and MP amino acid sequence identities were from 95% to 100% and from 94% to 100%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses performed with MP and CP nucleotide sequences showed that three isolates belonged to PV32-I and the other three to PV96-II phylogroups. Comparative amino acid analyses of MP and CP genes, together with the symptoms on naturally infected trees showed a higher affiliation of the studied isolates with the mild type than with the rugose types of isolates. The molecular variability correlated with the symptomatology on the naturally infected trees.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experimental Study of Lithium Ion Transport in Dilithium Ethylene Dicarbonate

Understanding the properties of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) of lithium batteries is important for minimizing interfacial resistance and improving battery safety and cycling. Ion transport has been investigated in the dilithium ethylene dicarbonate (Li2EDC) component of the SEI by impedance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations employing a revised many-body polarizable APPLE&P force field. The developed force field accurately described the binding energies in LiCH3CO3, its dimer, and Li2EDC calculated at the G4MP2 and MP2 levels. M05-2X and LC-ωPBE functionals predicted too high binding energy in lithium alkyl carbonates compared to the G4MP2 results, while the MP2 and M06-L predictions agreed well with the G4MP2 data. The conductivity of Li2EDC at room temperature was found to be 10–9 S/cm from impedance measurements and extrapolation of MD simulation results. A near Arrhenius temperature dependence of Li2EDC’s conductivity was found in the MD simulations with an activation energ.
Optimizing the Determination of the Content of Reduction-type Vitamin C in Sweet Cherry

Molybdenum blue spectrometry method was used to determine reduced vitamin C in sweet cherry and conditions of determination were optimized. The results showed that there was a strong absorption at 850 nm. The dosage of 5% sulfuricacid solution,5% molybdate-ammonium solution in reaction system were 1.50 m L and 3.00 m L respectively. The optimal reaction time was 14 min. The coefficient of variation of the optimized method was less than 5 %, with the average recovery of98.52%. The method had a good linear relationship in the course of 0.00~0.12 mg/50 m L. The method was accurate, rapid,stable and suitable for determining small-amount and batch samples. The average content of reduction-type vitamin C in sweet cherry of Tianshui was 2.032 mg/100 g.
Traditional vs. Modern Art : the Status and Network Antecedents of Visual Art Preferences

Sociologists traditionally focus on the power of socio-economic variables as drivers of aesthetic tastes and cultural practices, leaving other important factors outside the purview of analysis. As a remedy, this article makes use of recent progress at the intersection of the sociology of culture and network theory to show that individual interest in and preferences for art are also embedded in social relationships of a different kind. Data from a specially designed survey on personal networks and cultural tastes in Polish society is analyzed. Cultural taste is measured in detail by presenting respondents with ten color illustrations depicting different styles of visual art. These ten evaluations are then reduced to two significant dimensions (traditional vs. more modern art). The regressions analyses show distinct relations of network characteristics (such as heterogeneity, type of contacts, density, or associational membership) with the type of art preferred. The findings are interpreted in terms of social influence and affinity between cultural orientations (e.g., openness) and the manners in which social ties are developed and maintained. Additionally, the article sheds light on distinction patterns by arguing that status is claimed through specific (modern) preferences.
Two-agent integrated scheduling of production and distribution operations with fixed departure times

We consider integrated scheduling of production and distribution operations associated with two customers (agents). Each customer has a set of orders to be processed on the single production line at a supplier on a competitive basis. The finished orders of the same customer are then packed and delivered to the customer by a third-party logistics (3PL) provider with a limited number of delivery transporters. The number of orders carried in a delivery transporter cannot exceed its delivery capacity. Each transporter incurs a fixed delivery cost regardless of the number of orders it carries, and departs from the 3PL provider to a customer at fixed times. Each customer desires to minimise a certain optimality criterion involving simultaneously the customer service level and the total delivery cost for its orders only. The customer service level for a customer is related to the times when its orders are delivered to it. The problem is to determine a joint schedule of production and distribution to minimise the objective of one customer, while keeping the objective of the other customer at or below a predefined level. Using several optimality criteria to measure the customer service level, we obtain different scenarios that depend on optimality criterion of each customer. For each scenario, we either devise an efficient solution procedure to solve it or demonstrate that such a solution procedure is impossible to exist.
Shape optimization method for an inverse geometric source problem and stability at critical shape

This work deals with a geometric inverse source problem. It consists in recovering inclusion in a fixed domain based on boundary measurements. The inverse problem is solved via a shape optimization formulation. Two cost functions are investigated, namely, the least squares fitting, and the Kohn-Vogelius function. In this case, the existence of the shape derivative is given via the first order material derivative of the state problems. Furthermore, using the adjoint approach, the shape gradient of both cost functions is characterized. Then, the stability is investigated by proving the compactness of the Hessian at the critical shape for both considered cases. Finally, based on the gradient method, a steepest descent algorithm is developed, and some numerical experiments for non-parametric shapes are discussed.
Online Task Scheduling With Workers Variabilities in Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing system, which utilizes many workers to process computer-complexity tasks, has become an effective platform in today’s online labor markets. In a crowdsourcing system, maximizing the total utility is one key design goal. This goal is extremely hard because a computer-complexity task can be a multi-dimensional large-scale task that contains thousands or millions of atomic tasks. In online situation, we need to consider both the varying service of workers and future unknown task arrivals. As we know, none of the previous work considers a multi-dimensional large-scale task assignment for utility maximization. In this paper, an online framework is proposed to solve this optimization problem by running atomic tasks in parallel on workers. To estimate worker service rates, we consider each varying worker as an arm for a multi-armed bandit in crowdsourcing system. We design the online scheduling algorithm from a bandit perspective by Online Convex Optimization (OCO) techniques. We prove that our designed algorithm can yield a sublinear regret bound. Finally, we show that our designed algorithm is better than the baseline algorithms by nearly 10% for the total utility achieved.
Confined water in tunnel nanopores of sepiolite: Insights from molecular simulations

Abstract Sepiolite is a type of magnesium-rich fibrous clay mineral. The unique fibrous structure endows it with various applications in many fields. Revealing the behavior of confined water in sepiolite nanopores is crucial to understand the macroscopic properties of sepiolite. Aiming to ascertain the distribution and dynamics of the confined water, molecular simulations using grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics methods have been performed. We obtain the water adsorption isotherm, density distribution profiles, and dynamic information of the confined waters in sepiolite tunnels. We find that zeolitic water is very hard to be desorbed from sepiolite under ambient conditions. Based on the distribution profile and trajectories of the water, we reveal the accurate distribution sites and propose a new distribution model of the confined water including one bound water site and four zeolitic water sites, which are determined by sepiolite lattice. The zeolitic water at different sites can exchange freely and frequently, and thus these sites may be energetically similar. This model provides more fundamental understanding of the hydration of sepiolite, and highlights the water behaviors in the tunnel pores of microporous minerals, which are thought being controlled by the crystallographic structure. The much lower mobility of zeolitic water in sepiolite than that in montmorillonite implies that materials with nano-sized tunnel pores could have more efficient fixation on foreign molecules or ions in environmental applications than those layered materials with slit pores.
Simple Analytic Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller Tuning Rules for Unstable Processes

Very simple proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller tuning rules for a wide range of stable processes are available. However, for unstable processes, the design trend is for controllers to be more complex for better performances. Here, the design concept of “simplicity” is extended to unstable processes. Simple desired closed-loop transfer functions for the direct synthesis method and simple approximations of the process time delay are utilized for unstable processes. Very simple tuning rules for PID controllers and set-point filters are obtained, yielding similar or even improved performances over previous more complicated PID controller tuning methods.
Transmitter-Receiver Path Selection for Cell Range Extension Using Multi-Hop D2D

: Conventional approach of dealing with more users per coverage area in cellular networks implies densifying the amount of (Access Point) AP which will eventually result in a larger carbon footprint. In this paper, we propose a base station off-loading and cell range extension (CRE) scheme based on multi-hop device-to-device (MHD2D) path selection between transmitter and receiver node. The paper also provides derivations of upper and lower bounds for energy efficiency, capacity, and transmit power. The proposed path selection scheme is inspired by the foraging behavior of honey bees. We present the algorithm as a modified variant of the artificial bee colony algorithm (MVABC). The proposed optimization problem is modeled as a minimization problem where we optimize the Energy Efficiency (EE). The proposed path selection MVABC is compared with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and also with classical artificial bee colony (ABC) through simulations and statistical analysis. The student’s t-test, p-value, and standard error of means (SEM) clearly show that MVABC based path selection out-performs the GA and classical ABC schemes. MVABC based approach is 66% more efficient when compared with classic ABC and about 62% efficient when compared with GA based scheme.