Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A General Fourier Formulation for In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Vibration Analysis of Curved Beams

Based on the principle of energy variation, an improved Fourier series is introduced as an allowable displacement function. This paper constructs a calculation model that can study the in-plane and out-of-plane free and forced vibrations of curved beam structures under different boundary conditions. Firstly, based on the generalized shell theory, considering the shear and inertial effects of curved beam structures, as well as the coupling effects of displacement components, the kinetic energy and strain potential energy of the curved beam are obtained. Subsequently, an artificial spring system is introduced to satisfy the constraint condition of the displacement at the boundary of the curved beam, obtain its elastic potential energy, and add it to the system energy functional. Any concentrated mass point or concentrated external load can also be added to the energy function of the entire system with a corresponding energy term. In various situations including classical boundary conditions, the accuracy and efficiency of the method in this paper are proved by comparing with the calculation results of FEM. Besides, by accurately calculating the vibration characteristics of common engineering structures like slow curvature (whirl line), the wide application prospects of this method are shown.
Anionic Ring-Opening Homo- and Copolymerization of Lactams by Latent, Protected N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for the Preparation of PA 12 and PA 6/12

Laurolactam (LL) is polymerized in the bulk using strongly basic N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as initiators at temperatures of 180–200 °C to prepare the corresponding polyamide (PA 12). In-situ rheology of the polymerization progress reveals that an anionic mechanism is active, which is supported by the strong dependence of initiator activity on the basicity of the NHCs. GPC data and kinetic investigations show the process to be moderately controlled and fast, allowing high or quantitative yields in short polymerization times. Fifteen different NHC–CO2–adducts and NHC–metal complexes were used as thermally labile but room temperature stable NHC-precursors. Depending on the ring size and N-substituent, some of these protected NHCs allow forming a mixture of monomer and NHC-precursor that is suitable for long-term storage and readily polymerizable by simple heating. All polymerizations are executed without activator or other additives and thus represent a true one-component system for the production of PA.
Development of a near IR method for rapid determination of ribavirin tabletes

Objective:To set up an NIR method for rapid determination of Ribavirin tablets.Method:Collect 43 ribavirin tablet samples from different pharmaceutical factories in various locations in this country,and scan their NIR spectra.Then use Partial Least Square (PLS) to correlate these data and get the best-fitted model.The vali- dation set was set up by 17 samples.Applying this model to predict the validation set and detect the samples.For quantitative analysis,the first derivative combining vector normalization method was used for pre-treatment of the spectra,the wavelength range is 11914.3-10371.5,9796.8-9091,6877.1-5565.7,5334.3-4022.9 cm~(-1). Results:For the quantitative determination,the concentration range was 0-0.75 mg·mg~(-1),the RSD was hess than 10%. The determination coefficients r is 99.61 as indicated from the cross-validation,the true mean predictive er- ror RMSECV (root mean square error of cross validation) is 0.0119. The mean prediction error RESEP (root mean square error of prediction) obtained from the validation is 0.0198,the correlation eoefficient of the true value and prediction value is 0.9948. Conclusions:The method is simple,rapid and accurate,and can be applied to drug rap- id determination.
Assessing the Visual Esthetics of User Interfaces: A Ten-Year Systematic Mapping

ABSTRACT Visual esthetics is recognized as an essential factor of perceived usability, credibility, and overall quality of software systems user interfaces. Thus, it is crucial to assess this factor as part of the development process to improve graphical user interface (GUI) quality. And, although there exist diverse approaches to assess visual esthetics today, they significantly differ in their definition and techniques for measuring it. Therefore, we performed a systematic mapping to provide an overview comparing the existing approaches from the last ten years (2010–2020). We encountered 27 articles reporting different approach types, including assessments measuring user perception of visual esthetics via human responses, metrics based on GUI elements, extracting handcrafted features from GUI screenshots, and deep-learning-based approaches. Most of them implement objective approaches, either using metrics or feature extraction. The majority of the approaches are aimed at web GUIs, with only three focusing on mobile GUIs, considering their smaller screen size, less use of color, and a more vertical element alignment. Few approaches have been comprehensively evaluated regarding reliability and validity. These results indicate the need for further research considering the importance of visual esthetics as part of software quality. The results of this study present an overview and comparison of these approaches from the last decade providing a systematic basis for researchers to better understand the challenges for GUI visual esthetics assessments and the enhancement of these approaches.
Satellite remote sensing analysis to monitor revegetation in the Yangtze River basin, China

Revegetation programmes aim to avoid land degradation, control soil erosion, reduce floods, and improve ecological conditions. China has planted billions of trees over the past 20 years. However, little is known about the effectiveness of this artificial revegetation and its consequences on China's national conservation policies and changes in biophysical factors at the county level. Here we use satellite time series data and develop a new metric, the revegetation index (RVI), that quickly monitors revegetation and its long‐term changes. We found that the number of regions where the Grain to Green Program (GTGP) was successfully implemented was only about 55.8% of the areas of GTGP implementation. Surprisingly, we provide observational evidence that the implementation of the GTGP can decrease soil erosion and drought, and increase water availability, but revegetation in the Yangtze River basin (YRB) in China has a limited impact on soil erosion, water, and drought. In particular, for revegetation between 1999 and 2016, indicating that a previous assessment by the Government revealed as official statistics may have overestimated the effects of the ecological restoration practices.
Monitoring migration timing in remote habitats: assessing the value of extended duration audio recording

ABSTRACT. Because birds are frequently detected by sound, autonomous audio recorders (called automated recording units or ARUs) are now an established tool in addition to in-person observations for monitoring the status and trends of bird populations. ARUs have been evaluated and applied during breeding seasons, and to monitor the nocturnal flight calls of migrating birds. However, birds behave differently during migration than during the breeding season. Here we present a method for using ARUs to monitor land birds during the migration period in remote habitats. We conducted in-person point counts next to continuously recording ARUs, and compared estimates of the number of species detected and focal species relative abundance from point counts and ARUs. We used a desk-based audio bird survey method for processing audio recordings, which does not require automated species identification algorithms. We tested two methods of using extended duration ARU recording: surveying consecutive minutes and surveying randomly selected minutes. Deskbased surveys using randomly selected minutes from extended duration ARU recordings performed similarly to point counts, and better than desk-based surveys using consecutive minutes from ARU recordings. Surveying randomly selected minutes from ARUs provided estimates of relative abundance that were strongly correlated with estimates from point counts and successfully showed the increase in abundance associated with migration timing. Randomly selected minutes also provided estimates of the number of species present that were comparable to estimates from point counts. Our results suggest that ARUs are an effective way to track migration timing and intensity in remote or seasonally inaccessible habitat during spring migration. Additional testing is needed to determine the efficacy of our methods during fall migration, and at more southerly latitudes. We recommend that desk-based surveys use randomly sampled minutes from extended duration ARU recordings, rather than using consecutive minutes from recordings. Our methods can be immediately applied by researchers with the skills to conduct point counts, with no additional expertise necessary in automated species identification algorithms.
Policy response for disadvantaged groups during the COVID-19 pandemic: Vietnam experiences

This article aims to describe the Vietnamese Government’s policy response to support disadvantaged groups affected by the COVID-19 pandemic through the relief package. The Vietnamese policy response is characterized by rapid response, priority for disadvantaged groups in communities, social work core values in the policy, openness, and transparency. We hope the experiences from Vietnam could be helpful for similar settings in the world.
Spatial Layout and Coupling of Urban Cultural Relics: Analyzing Historical Sites and Commercial Facilities in District III of Shaoxing

Exploring the spatial coupling relationship between cultural relics and historic sites and their surroundings can provide reasonable suggestions for the layout and development of commercial facilities and hold crucial significance for improving the management and maintenance of cultural relics and historical sites, as well as enhancing their attractiveness to the public. We chose District III of Shaoxing City as the research area based on the point of interest and road network data. This study analyzed the scale and accessibility of cultural relics and historic sites (CRHSs) as well as their surrounding commercial facilities, and then objectively evaluated their spatial layout and coupling relationship by employing kernel density estimation, standard deviation ellipse, network analysis, inverse distance weight and the spatial correlation analysis method. The results show that: (1) from the perspective of spatial layout, the distribution of CRHSs has a positive and strong correlation with the distribution of road networks; (2) there are noticeable variations in the number of industrial facilities surrounding various CRHSs, closely related to the protection grade of CRHSs; (3) the accessibility of commercial facilities surrounding CRHS varies significantly—commercial facilities surrounding CRHSs located within central District III of Shaoxing City have good accessibility, whereas those of the peripheral areas have comparatively poor accessibility; and (4) the accessibility of commercial facilities surrounding CRHSs in different administrative districts varies, showing an extremely uneven pattern.
Conceptualizing the Moderating Role of CEO Power and Ownership Concentration in the Relationship between Audit Committee and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Firms in developing economies generally find ways to enhance their reputation and growth in the international market. In this context, an Audit Committee (AC) is composed of multiple skilled members that control and monitor auditing activities and present a transparent image of their firm, which automatically attracts investors and builds investor confidence. Therefore, this study used CEO power and ownership concentration as moderating factors to examine the connection between AC and firm performance. For this purpose, this study used the data of Pakistani manufacturing firms for the period 2008 to 2018 and applied the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, the Fixed Effect (FE) model, and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). To check the robustness of the results, this study used a Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) model. The findings of this study contended that AC and firm performance have a positive association with each other. Moreover, the findings revealed that CEO power positively influenced firm performance. Furthermore, lower ownership concentration is a valuable approach to maximize a firm’s performance. Importantly, the outcomes concluded that AC and firm performance have a positive connection with the moderating effects of CEO power. Moreover, AC and firm performance also have a positive association with the moderating effect of ownership concentration.
Synthesis and Characterization of Rice Husk Biochar and its Application in the Adsorption Studies of Lead and Copper

The present study aimed to use chemically activated rice husk biochar as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from an aqueous solution. A series of the Rice husk biochar (RHB) samples were produced at different temperatures, as follows: 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700℃ for 2 hours each through pyrolysis process in Dalhan Scientific Muffle Furnace. The chemically treated rice husk biochar synthesized at 500℃ was used as potential char for removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The sorption of these metal ions from an aqueous solution was determined after adsorption using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The Shimadzu IR Affinity Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used for the characterization of rice husk char and it revealed the presence of OH, C=O, and COO- bonds which are responsible for heavy metal ions adsorption through chemisorption. The effect of adsorption parameters was determined that is; pyrolysis temperature which was found to be 500℃, the optimal contact time for the metal ions Cu (II) and Pb (II) was found to be 60 minutes, the optimum dosage was 0.250 g and optimum initial concentration was 2 mg/l. The kinetics were tested against pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order model as well Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Cu(II), adsorption process followed Pseudo-second order kinetics with regression coefficient (R2) 0.9942 and Langmuir isotherm model with R2 0.9895. For Pb(II), adsorption capacity followed Pseudo-second order kinetics with regression coefficient (R2) 0.99991 and Freundlich isotherm model with R2 0.96675 optimum equilibrium adsorption capacity of 0.5274 mg/g.
Cash, credit card, or mobile? Examining customer payment preferences at chain restaurants in Taiwan

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, restaurant customers tended to avoid cash payment to prevent interpersonal contact, resulting in an increased global trend of mobile pay. Following this trend, this study aims to examine why consumers vary in their payment preferences at chain restaurants (mobile vs. traditional payments) as well as how their preferences influence their perceptions and intentions to use mobile payments. Research findings were derived from two online panel surveys with a total of 1,200 Taiwanese mobile phone users. Regression analyses and analysis of variance were used to examine the antecedents and consequences of the preferred payment methods at chain restaurants. The results showed that customers who preferred traditional payment methods (cash or credit card) perceived mobile payment as not very useful, somewhat risky, and not popular within their social groups. On the contrary, more innovative and venturous customers perceived mobile payment as very convenient, low risk, and fun to use. This research provides valuable information for chain restaurant owners to develop strategies to increase the use of their mobile apps based on customers’ preferred payment methods.
Palladium-catalyzed C-3 desulfitative arylation of indolizines with sodium arylsulfinates and arylsulfonyl hydrazides

Derivatized indolizines were efficiently prepared by direct C-3 arylation of indolizines using sodium arylsulfinates and arylsulfonyl hydrazides. Pd-catalyzed desulfitative C-3 arylation with sodium arylsulfinates was achieved with the assistance of peroxides, and the catalytic efficiency was promoted by N-containing ligands. Arylsulfonyl hydrazides were also successfully applied in Pd-catalyzed desulfitative C-3 arylation with indolizines, and the side homocoupling reactions can be restrained in the component solvent under milder conditions. Various derivatives were synthesized in good yields by both methods, offering expedient protocols for the synthesis of C-3 functionalized indolizine molecules.
Fe3O4@MoS2 Core–Shell Composites: Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Application

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has received tremendous attention due to the earth-abundant composition and high catalytic activity. However, the catalytic activity of MoS2 except electro- and photocatalytic has seldom been explored. Herein, Fe3O4@MoS2 core–shell composites were prepared for the first time by in situ growth of MoS2 nanosheets on the surfaces of Fe3O4 nanoparticles under different temperature, and the catalytic performance of the resulting composites was evaluated by using the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS analyses verified the core–shell structure with MoS2 nanosheets of defect-rich and oxygen incorporation on the surfaces of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Fe3O4@MoS2 composites were found to exhibit a high catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol with the highest activity factor k = 3773 min–1 g–1. A plausible catalytic mechanism for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol was also proposed. This study presents an inexpensive, reusable, fast, and h.
Reviewing the link between language abilities and peer relations in children with developmental language disorder: The importance of children’s own perspectives

Background and aims Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) are at risk of difficulties in their friendships and peer relations. The present review explores how research directly involving children with DLD can inform our understanding of peer relations in this group, and how research insights may change according to the nature of their involvement in the studies. We further examine how these findings might shape current theoretical understandings of the links between language impairment and peer relations. Methods An integrative review methodology was used in order to identify relevant studies and synthesise the findings. A structured database search was carried out using the qualitative PICo framework; Population = 4–12-year-old children with DLD, phenomenon of Interest = peer relations, Context = research studies directly including children. After screening, 52 studies were included in a narrative research synthesis. Main contribution: We identified six main types of study that directly included children with DLD; interview, sociometric, self-report, task-based, naturalistic observation and staged observation. Interview-based studies were the most likely to use a meaningful participatory approach. Indications of good practices for participation included reporting on involvement practices, seeking child assent, adapting materials and language used, using visual supports, using child-preferred communication methods and using art-based approaches. Findings from the narrative synthesis of studies highlight the importance of friendships to quality of life, and the role of pragmatic language skills and self-perceptions in building friendships. Conclusions Research on the peer relations of children with DLD is in the early stages when it comes to taking a participatory approach, however there are some examples of inclusive practice from which the whole field can learn. The findings show that research that directly includes children with language disorders and takes account of their communication challenges can help build a more comprehensive knowledge of their world and leads to interesting avenues for interventions targeting social adjustment. Implications: Clinical implications are discussed with reference to the highlighted pragmatic language and social needs of children with DLD, which are typically not addressed unless disproportionately affected in comparison to structural language impairments.
Evaluation of Filter, Paramagnetic, and STAGETips Aided Workflows for Proteome Profiling of Symbiodiniaceae Dinoflagellate

The integrity of coral reef ecosystems worldwide rests on a fine-tuned symbiotic interaction between an invertebrate and a dinoflagellate microalga from the family Symbiodiniaceae. Recent advances in bottom-up shotgun proteomic approaches and the availability of vast amounts of genetic information about Symbiodiniaceae have provided a unique opportunity to better understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interactions of coral-Symbiodiniaceae. However, the resilience of this dinoflagellate cell wall, as well as the presence of polyanionic and phenolics cell wall components, requires the optimization of sample preparation techniques for successful implementation of bottom-up proteomics. Therefore, in this study we compare three different workflows—filter-aided sample preparation (FASP), single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation (SP3), and stop-and-go-extraction tips (STAGETips, ST)—to develop a high-throughput proteotyping protocol for Symbiodiniaceae algal research. We used the model isolate Symbiodinium tridacnidorum. We show that SP3 outperformed ST and FASP with regard to robustness, digestion efficiency, and contaminant removal, which led to the highest number of total (3799) and unique proteins detected from 23,593 peptides. Most of these proteins were detected with ≥2 unique peptides (73%), zero missed tryptic peptide cleavages (91%), and hydrophilic peptides (>70%). To demonstrate the functionality of this optimized SP3 sample preparation workflow, we examined the proteome of S. tridacnidorum to better understand the molecular mechanism of peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex (PCP, light harvesting protein) accumulation under low light (LL, 30 μmol photon m−2 s−1). Cells exposed to LL for 7 days upregulated various light harvesting complex (LHCs) proteins through the mevalonate-independent pathway; proteins of this pathway were at 2- to 6-fold higher levels than the control of 120 μmol photon m−2 s−1. Potentially, LHCs which were maintained in an active phosphorylated state by serine/threonine-protein kinase were also upregulated to 10-fold over control. Collectively, our results show that the SP3 method is an efficient high-throughput proteotyping tool for Symbiodiniaceae algal research.