Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal sensor control for fast target detection in hyperspectral imagery

Real-time, standoff detection of trace chemicals on surfaces in the presence of unknown interferent contaminants using active IR spectroscopy poses significant challenges. The measurement time and computational burden can be prohibitive due to the number of spatial pixels, hundreds of potential wavenumbers, and size of the chemical library containing thousands of signatures. Therefore it is advantageous to optimally sample a small subset of the possible wavenumbers, where optimality is meant in the sense of detection and classification performance. Our approach accomplishes this by selecting wavenumbers which maximize the information about chemical identity. This is done by using submodular optimization, a technique which guarantees near-optimality at vanishingly low computational burden. Therefore, the methods shown here lend themselves to the time and resource constrained problems of data acquisition. This is in contrast to more traditional dimensionality reduction approaches such as lowering spectral resolution, random sparse sampling, and principal component analysis which degrade detection performance. In this work we describe methods for optimal illumination wavenumber selection to address the time constraints while addressing the challenges imposed by hardware and environmental artifacts (e.g., atmospheric effects).
An analysis of intestinal calcium transport across the rat intestine.

Kinetic analysis of transmural calcium transport, as evaluated by in situ intestinal loops, has confirmed the existence of two transport processes, a saturable, transcellular one that is regulated by vitamin D and predominates in the proximal intestine and a nonsaturable process similar in intensity throughout the intestine. Transport data obtained from everted sac experiments are kinetically consistent with events in the in situ loop. Analysis of the three component steps making up the saturable process, i.e., entry across the brush-border membrane, intracellular diffusion, and extrusion across the basolateral membrane, indicates that intracellular diffusion is likely to be the limiting step. Active calcium transport varies directly and proportionately with the content of calcium-binding protein (CaBP), a specific molecular expression of the action of vitamin D. Since CaBP is a cytosolic protein, it may act to facilitate calcium diffusion, a proposition advanced by Kretsinger, Mann, and Simmons and supported here quantitatively. We calculate that the rate of intracellular calcium diffusion in the absence of CaBP is only approximately 1/70 of what is found in the vitamin D-replete cell. Similar considerations have led to the proposal that calcium moved by the nonsaturable process travels largely via the paracellular route. The kinetic parameters derived here, i.e., Vm = 22 mumol X h-1 X g (wt wt-1, Km = 3.9 mM, and a nonsaturable rate of 0.16/h, can be used to predict calcium absorption data as determined in previously published balance experiments.
Wavelet decomposition and unresolvable component analysis of optical coherence tomography signals

Abstract: Despite many efforts, some tissue changes, associated with diseases such as cancer, remain beyond the detection limit of OCT. A technique which would allow extraction of information regarding these unresolvable features from the OCT signal could prove a very powerful diagnostic tool. This manuscript presents such a procedure. It begins with the separation of the signal in resolvable and unresolvable components using wavelet decomposition. Subsequently, the power spectral density of the unresolvable part is determined with autoregressive spectral estimation. Statistical analysis is then employed to extract information regarding the uresolvable, but diagnostically significant, scatterers in tissue. These characteristics could considerably improve the clinical utility of OCT. © 2005 Optical Society of America OCIS Codes: (110.4500) Optical coherence tomography; (100.7410) Wavelets
Study on restoration method of deterioration in photographed images of cultural properties

We propose a method to restore the original condition of the cultural properties in the photographed image using extraction and texture synthesis of the degraded parts. It is judged whether or not degradation such as a crack has appeared in each block divided from the image by machine learning. The cracks in the selected block are extracted by binarizing the pixel values and restored with the texture synthesis technique. We confirmed by our computer simulation experiments that the proposed method showed good results.
Research on target detection of SAR images based on deep learning

In this paper the target detection based on deep convolution neural network (DCNN) and transfer learning has been developed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images inspired by recent successful deep learning methods. DCNN has excellent performance in optical images, while its application for SAR images is restricted by the limited quantity of SAR imagery training data. Transfer learning has been introduced into the target detection of a small quantity of SAR images. Firstly, by some contrast experiments to transfer convolution weights layer by layer and analyze its impact, the combination of fine-tuned and frozen weights is used to improve the generalization and stability of the network. Then, the network model is improved according to the target detection task, it increases the network detection speed and reduces the network parameters. Finally, combining with the complicated scene clutter slices to train the network, the false alarm targets number of background clutter is reduced. The detection results of complex multi-target scenes show that the proposed method has good generality while ensuring good detection performance.
Bending Effect on Magnetoresistive Silicon Probes

In vivo experiments to detect the neuronal magnetic field require high-sensitivity magnetoresistive sensors incorporated in micromachined silicon probes that do not damage the organic tissues and enhance the sensors proximity to the signal sources. When in touch with the tissues, the probe experiences a mechanical stress induced by an unavoidable bending moment. To evaluate its impact on sensor performance, the transfer curves and the noise level were measured for different applied stresses. A saturation field reduction (increase) was observed upon a compressive (tensile) stress as a consequence of the magnetostrictive effect, while the magnetoresistance value remained constant. Besides the clear influence of magnetostricition in the sensor transfer curves, no significant changes in the noise level were obtained, which will not affect the experiment feasibility.
Introduction of MAP estimation to UWB-IR TOA localization

This paper proposes a new method based on the combination of a soft-decision ranging and Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimation for Impulse Radio type Ultra Wide Band (UWB-IR) Time of Arrival (TOA) localization. The soft-decision ranging assigns the probability of being generated by a signal to each component in the observed instantaneous power delay profile (the probability density function (pdf) of the first arrival signal) and the MAP estimation calculates the location of a target node which maximizes the product of the pdfs obtained for different anchor nodes. Computer simulation results show that, as compared with a conventional localization method, the proposed method is advantageous in typical mixed Line-Of-Sight (LOS)/Non Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) indoor environments.
Time Domain Delay Items Design for Memory Orthogonal Polynomial Predistorter

The memory polynomial is commonly used in power amplifier (PA) modeling and predistorter (PD) design. However, the conventional memory polynomial and even memory orthogonal polynomial exhibit condition number increasing (eigenvalue spread) in covariance matrix when time domain delay items are included. In this paper, a method of designing time delay items for memory orthogonal polynomial is introduced. The method alleviates the eigenvalue spread problem effectively. Simulation results show that the new polynomial predistorter achieves much better predistortion performance based on indirect learning architecture (ILA) and normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm compared with the conventional memory orthogonal polynomial predistorter.
Urban female family medicine patients' perceptions about intrauterine contraception.

AIMS Improper and inconsistent contraceptive use contributes to the unintended pregnancy rate. The intrauterine device (IUD) is an effective, safe method of contraception that cannot be used improperly or inconsistently. However, it is relatively underused in the United States. We developed a qualitative study to better understand patient beliefs and attitudes that may act as a barrier to acceptance or use of an IUD. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews with a convenience sample of 40 reproductive aged women from two Bronx, New York, family medicine practices. Self-report of having heard of the IUD was the main eligibility criterion. We used an iterative process of data collection and analysis. RESULTS Although respondents appreciate the advantages of an IUD, they express a number of conceptual concerns and fears about the device. These are primarily related to voluntarily placing a device inside the body for a prolonged period of time and to a knowledge gap about internal female reproductive anatomy. The IUD is viewed as a contraception option to use when other methods have failed or after childbearing. Additionally, respondents report a lack of discussion and information about the IUD from healthcare providers, the media, and informal networks. CONCLUSIONS Directly addressing patient reservations that might otherwise be left unsaid could potentially increase acceptance of the IUD. The issues elucidated in this study begin to shed light on specific patient concerns that providers or public health messages may address during IUD contraception counseling. Given the high efficacy and safety of IUDs, increasing use could impact rates of unplanned pregnancy.
Evaluation testbed for ATD performance prediction (ETAPP)

Automatic target detection (ATD) systems process imagery to detect and locate targets in imagery in support of a variety of military missions. Accurate prediction of ATD performance would assist in system design and trade studies, collection management, and mission planning. A need exists for ATD performance prediction based exclusively on information available from the imagery and its associated metadata. We present a predictor based on image measures quantifying the intrinsic ATD difficulty on an image. The modeling effort consists of two phases: a learning phase, where image measures are computed for a set of test images, the ATD performance is measured, and a prediction model is developed; and a second phase to test and validate performance prediction. The learning phase produces a mapping, valid across various ATR algorithms, which is even applicable when no image truth is available (e.g., when evaluating denied area imagery). The testbed has plug-in capability to allow rapid evaluation of new ATR algorithms. The image measures employed in the model include: statistics derived from a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) processor, the Power Spectrum Signature, and others. We present performance predictors for two trained ATD classifiers, one constructed using using GENIE ProTM, a tool developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the other eCognitionTM, developed by Definiens (http://www.definiens.com/products). We present analyses of the two performance predictions, and compare the underlying prediction models. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research.
A performance improvement of Mask R-CNN using region proposal expansion

It is difficult for the conventional Mask Regions with Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN)1 to distinguish different objects with similar features of the shape. In this paper, we improve the object classification performance of Mask R-CNN by expanding the region proposal appropriately and using it for learning. The results of experimental evaluations using our modified 300-W dataset2 show that the mAP of our proposed method is improved from 0.631 to 0.701, compared with the original Mask R-CNN.
A study on enhancing EUV resist sensitivity (2)

To improve EUV resist sensitivity, studies have sought to enhance EUV light absorption by adding metals characterized by high EUV light absorption to the resist polymer. This approach is intended to increase secondary electron emission, thereby enhancing PAG reactivity and improving acid generation efficiency. As reported in our previous report, to determine whether adding metals characterized by high EUV light absorption actually enhances sensitivity, we performed transmittance measurements and sensitivity evaluations of resist samples doped with ZrO2 or TeO2 nanoparticles, which have low and high EUV light absorption, respectively, in molar quantities of 0-2 relative to PAG. The samples were subjected to EUV exposure at the NewSUBARU synchrotron radiation facility. The results of transmittance measurements and sensitivity evaluations showed that, while the ZrO2-doped resist showed no changes in absorption or sensitivity, the TeO2-doped resist showed enhancement in both properties. Based on these results, we confirmed that adding metals characterized by high EUV light absorption to the EUV resist enhances its EUV light absorption and increases secondary electron emission, thereby enhancing PAG reactivity and improving acid generation efficiency. In the efforts discussed in the present report, we examined whether adding metals directly to PAG could further enhance sensitivity by increasing the EUV light absorption of PAG itself, thereby efficiently heightening the effect of the secondary electron emission on PAG.
Photothermal therapy

Light activated drugs are part of a new arsenal that has been actively pursued in the past decades against different types of diseases. When activated by non-ionizing radiation (visible light), harmless drugs can be quickly turned into very potent chemicals that can lead to the killing of cells, either via necrosis or apoptosis. Rather than depending on the selective reactivity between such drugs and the diseased cells/tissues, the search for light activated drugs has been mainly focussed on drugs that will selectively biodistribute towards the diseased cells or tissues prior to being activated by light. The selectivity would thus be determined not by the chemical reactivity of the drug towards different types of cells or tissue as is the case of many anti-tumour drugs, but rather by the process of selective retention of the drug in the unwanted tissue prior to its activation by light. Such a process could considerably reduce the damaging effects on normal tissue that often accompanies chemo- or radiation therapy.
Miniaturized dual-layers LTE MIMO printed antenna with hybrid decoupling elements to improve isolation

A miniaturized multilayer internally multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) printed antenna system combined with hybrid decoupling elements to improve isolation between two antennas at triple Long-Term Evolution (LTE) bands is presented in this paper. To reduce the single antenna size, the meander lines are stretched perpendicularly on the two respective layers that its overall dimensions are 14 × 15 × 3.2 mm3. Two different mechanisms are introduced for enhancing the port isolation at two different frequency bands. The isolation within three desired bands could be improved to all below -20 dB.
REGULATION OF THE RELEASE OF THYROID HORMONES: ROLE OF CYCLIC AMP *

Only five years ago, the cyclic 3‘,5‘-AMP model of hormonal action was not generally believed to apply to TSH t and thyroid. ’-* Since then, overwhelming evidence has been accumulating in favor of this hyp~thes is . ~ The cAMP concept, as it may apply to the thyroid is summarized in FIGURE 1. Four criteria have been proposed by Sutherland and his colleagues to test the validity of this model for a particular hormonal action: (1) the hormone should activate adenyl cyclase in homogenates of the target tissue or/and in sedimentable fractions of such homogenates; (2) the hormone should increase the cAMP content of intact target cells; (3) liposoluble derivatives of CAMP, such as DBcAMP, or even cAMP itself, should mimic the hormonal action on the target tissue; and (4) inhibitors of cAMP intracellular catabolism, i.e., of cAMP phosphodiesterase( s) , such as the methylxanthines, should reproduce or potentiate the hormonal effects. For each hormonal effect, the kinetics and the concentration-response relationships should be consistent with the model. In this article we propose to summarize briefly the evidence supporting the validity of the cAMP model for TSH and thyroid, then to present data, mostly from our laboratory, on the mechanism of TSH-induced thyroid secretion.
Reading resistor values by color image processing

This paper presents an investigation into the color space and the recognition methodology for developing a non-contact approach to reading the value of a resistor by identifying the color bars from its color image. In this work, several color spaces for measuring colors are evaluated and compared. The uniformed color space known as the CIE-LAB color space is found to exhibit good properties for color recognition task. Hue(H)-Saturation(C)-Intensity(V) color space, which are calculated from CIE-LAB color space, provides an intuitive measure of color. Two color identification methods are investigated. The first method uses the Bayes classifier which defines color boundaries based on the variances of colors. The second method uses predefined fixed color region boundaries. A color is identified if it falls within a color region. A combination of both methods can achieve reliable recognition of color bars and hence correct resistor value can be derived.
Dynamic facial expression recognition based on geometric and texture features

Recently, dynamic facial expression recognition in videos has attracted growing attention. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic facial expression recognition method by using geometric and texture features. In our system, the facial landmark movements and texture variations upon pairwise images are used to perform the dynamic facial expression recognition tasks. For one facial expression sequence, pairwise images are created between the first frame and each of its subsequent frames. Integration of both geometric and texture features further enhances the representation of the facial expressions. Finally, Support Vector Machine is used for facial expression recognition. Experiments conducted on the extended Cohn-Kanade database show that our proposed method can achieve a competitive performance with other methods.
Sensorless vector control of synchronous reluctance motors with disturbance torque observer

This paper presents a sensorless vector control technique for synchronous reluctance motors. The rotor position is calculated easily from ds-qs axes flux linkages which are estimated with a first-order lag compensator. Furthermore, utilizing estimated rotor position as the input of the full-order observer, the rotor speed and disturbance torque are estimated. The proposed sensorless vector control scheme is demonstrated with experimental results.
Improvement of the Harris corner detector using an entropy-block-based strategy

Extracting well distributed control points (CPs) is a very challenging task for remote sensing image registration, particularly for large high-resolution images over heterogeneous landscape. Based on image analysis such as edge detection, corner detection, and information theory, a new CP detection approach is proposed to select highquality, evenly distributed CPs. The Entropy-Block-Based variant of the Harris Corner Detector (EBB-HCD) is achieved by dividing the image into blocks and by allocating the number of CP’s based upon the entropy of each block. While the block-based strategy improves the CP balance problem, a factor calculated from entropy avoids overdetection. We conducted a comparison study utilizing the the well-known Harris Corner Detector (HCD) and an implementation of the Block-Based Harris Corner Detector (BB-HCD). Experimental results indicate that using EBB-HCD to find the CPs improves the overall alignment accuracy during registration compared with HCD or BB-HCD.
A fast color cast detection and correction method for large-field video-image in nature scene

Color cast is a major problem of target detection and recognition base on image feature analysis. A color cast detection and correction algorithm for video-image in nature scene is proposed in this paper. To overcome the inaccurate detection in existed color cast detection method based on RGB space, the analysis method based on the color distribution characteristics of the equivalent circle in Lab space is proposed. In order to achieve better color correction results, the gray balance and perfect reflection method is combined to reproduce the actual color of the objects, especially a modified method for images with severe color deviation. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can detect the degree of color cast correctly, achieve better correction results, and meet the real-time requirements.
Probe-and-go: a novel approach to OBS

Optical burst switching achieves multiplexing gain in the optical domain but cannot reach reasonable utilization before burst losses become unacceptable. A method to avoid these losses by first sending over the control channel a short scout packet that simulates the events that the actual packet will experience, is proposed in this paper. Once the scout message detects a drop at any of the intermediate nodes, the actual packet is not sent but the process repeated.
Resistor array infrared projector nonuniformity correction: search for performance improvement II

Research leading towards the continued improvement in resistor array infrared projector nonuniformity correction (NUC) is reported, particularly at low drive levels relevant to thermal imager and FLIR test and evaluation applications. Moiré fringes have been successfully compensated, as has the checkerboard effect seen in earlier flood NUC measurements. With these improvements, the residual nonuniformity associated with the random spatial noise has been reduced successfully to the 0.1-0.2% rms level, equivalent to 20-60 mK noise equivalent temperature differences. The random noise is accompanied, however, by a low spatial frequency fixed pattern, currently unexplained but possibly attributable to busbar robbing in the electronic backplane.
Range image registration based on weighted iterative closest point algorithm

Range image can be obtained by 3D-Scanning and needs registration. Based on the classic ICP (Iterative Closest Point) algorithm, this paper presents an improved ICP method. The classic ICP uses the 3D point-to-point distance as the error measurement function. In our paper, the point-to-point distance will be replaced by a point-to-facet distance. By formula derivation, this measurement function can be transformed into facet-weighted point-to-point distance. We apply this method for range image registration and the result shows the validity of this algorithm, which has faster convergence rate and better anti-noise attribute than previously described weighted ICP methods.
Biosensing based upon molecular confinement in metallic nanocavities

We describe the basis for an affinity biosensor platform in which enhanced fluorescence transduction occurs through the optical excitation of molecules located within metallic nanocavities. These nanocavities are about 200nm in diameter and are arranged in a periodic or random two-dimensional (2D) arrays, which are fabricated in 70nm-thick gold films by e-beam lithography using negative e-beam resist. The experimental results show that both periodic and randomly placed metallic nanoapertures can be used to enhance the output of a fluorescing molecular monolayer by more than a factor of 10.