Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Depth Analysis of Food Structures Hyperspectral Subsurface Laser Scattering

In this paper we describe a computer vision system based on SLS (Subsurface Laser Scattering) for industrial food inspection. To obtain high and uniform quality, in for example dairy products like yoghurt and cheese, it is important to monitor the change in size and shape of microscopic particles over time. In this paper we demonstrate the usefulness of our SLS system for characterizing food items. We use a laser source that can be tuned to any wavelength in the range of 455 nm - 1020 nm by applying an AOTF (Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter) to an optical beam generated by a SuperK (supercontinuum) laser system. In our experiments we show how the system can be used for discriminating dairy products with diﬀerent structure and how the structural change of a foam can be monitored over time. Time stability of the system is essential for measurements over several hours, and we demonstrate the time stability by measuring the reﬂectance proﬁle of an inorganic phantom. The SLS technique is a very promising technique for non-intrusive food inspection, especially for homogenous products where particle size and shape are important parameters.
Response of Feeding Amino Acids Supplemented Cottonseed Meal on Growth Performance and Digestibility of Early Weaned Cow Calves

This study was designed to examine the response of feeding early weaning diets without and with amino acids supplemented cottonseed meal on growth performance and digestibility of early weaned cow calves. Fifteen 14-21 days old cross bred cow calves were randomly allotted to three experimental diets. Diet A comprised of milk replacer and concentrate feed whereas two iso- caloric and iso-nitrogenous early weaning diets viz., B and C were prepared without and with lysine and methionine supplemented cottonseed meal, respectively. These early weaning diets were used as substitute of milk replacer for calves. Calves were placed in individual cages and fed twice daily for a period of 60 days. Daily feed intake, feed refused and weekly weight gain was recorded. Two digestibility trials I and II were performed at 5th and 9th week of the experiment, respectively. During the digestibility trial I, calves were fed on ad libitum basis whereas in trial II, calves were fed at 90% of their voluntary DMI. Feed, orts and feces samples were collected, weighed daily, composited, subsampled and analysed for DM and CP. Results indicated that weight gain of calves was (p<0.05) higher on diets A (0.63 kg/d/calf) and C (0.64 kg/d/calf) compared to calves on diet B (0.57 kg/d/calf). Significantly (p<0.05) less daily DMI was observed on diet A (1.48 kg) compared to early weaning diets B (1.70 kg) and C (1.72 kg). The feed efficiency was (p<0.05) better on diet A (2.33) compared to diets B (2.95) and C (2.65). The economic efficiency was noticed to be better on diets B and C compared to diet A. In trial I, digestibility of DM and CP of diet A was (p<0.05) higher than diets B and C. Whereas in trial II, digestibility of DM and CP of diet A was (p<0.05) less than diets B and C. It was concluded that early weaning diet based on lysine and methionine supplemented cottonseed meal produced better weight gain and feed efficiency compared to non-supplemented cottonseed meal based diet. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2002. Vol 15, No. 2 : 184-187)
Development of Linear Model for Predicting the Surface Area of Sorbent Prepared from Coal Fly Ash : Statistical Design Approach

Active sorbent for flue gas desulphurization was prepared from coal fly ash, calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) using hydro-thermal process. The effect of various sorbent preparation variables; hydration period (A), amount of fly ash (B), amount of CaSO4 (C) and drying temperature (D) towards the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) specific surface area of the resulting sorbent were studied using statistical design of experiment. The surface area obtained ranges from 12.9 to 92.7 m 2 /g. Based on the probability plot for
Band-splitting of coronal and interplanetary type II bursts - II. Coronal magnetic field and Alfvén velocity

Type II radio bursts recorded in the metric wavelength range are excited by MHD shocks traveling through the solar corona. They often expose the fundamental and harmonic emission band, both frequently being split in two parallel lanes that show a similar frequency drift and intensity behaviour. Our previous paper showed that band-splitting of such characteristics is a consequence of the plasma emission from the upstream and downstream shock regions. Consequently, the split can be used to evaluate the density jump at the shock front and to estimate the shock Mach number, which in combination with the shock speed inferred from the frequency drift provides an estimate of the Alfven velocity and the magnetic field in the ambient plasma. In this paper such a procedure is applied to 18 metric type II bursts with the fundamental band starting frequencies up to 270 MHz. The obtained values show a minimum of the Alfven velocity at the heliocentric distance R 2 amounting tovA 400-500 km s 1 . It then increases achieving a local maximum ofvA 450-700 km s 1 at R 2:5. The implications regarding the process of formation and decay of MHD shocks in the corona are discussed. The coronal magnetic field in the range 1:3< R< 3 decreases as R 3 to R 4 ,o rH 1:5 to H 2 if expressed as a function of the height. The results are compared with other estimates of the coronal magnetic field in the range 1 < R < 10. Combined data show that below H < 0: 3t he magnetic field is dominated by active region fields, whereas above H= 1 it becomes radial, behaving roughly as B= 2 R 2 with a plausible value of B 5n T at 1a . u.
Machine Learning Approach for Classifying Malicious URLs

-The discrimination of ordinary and malicious activity of program by monitoring HTTP visitors is fitting more difficult when sophisticated malware generate authorized HTTP traffic and having the identical habits with ordinary application. In this paper, a brand new strategy is proposed to support administrator in detection of malicious clients by using clustering customers into businesses founded on HTTP-pastime similarity. Size of the auto-application activity in the network can be can also be noticeable from the influence of the system. Nevertheless, the approach wishes to be increased for mechanically discover malicious agencies without using blacklist or outcomes of alternative malicious detection methods. One more terrible point of this system is that with a malware has simply been infected in just one client, that malware's conduct are not able to be detected. Also the identical time, the normal supervised learning algorithms are recognized to generalize well over the certain patterns determined in coaching knowledge, which makes them a greater replacement towards hacking campaigns. Nevertheless, the particularly dynamic environment of those campaigns requires updating the items often
Design ’ s factors influencing social interaction in public squares

This study provides a clear picture of effective use of public squares by taking into account the perceptions of users in Sabze Meydan of Qazvin (Iran). The study adopts a quantitative line of inquiry. The specific survey method used is cross-sectional survey design and a questionnaire survey. In the present study, the sampling method is non-probability (convenience) sampling with a sample size of 208 participants. The questionnaire includes a total of three constructs measuring design factors, social activity type and perception of users (about social environment of public square). Items in all scales used 5-point agreeddisagreed statements. In assessing the reliability of the questionnaire the coefficient of Cronbach alpha was applied. The validity of the questionnaire, was tested using the content and construct validity. The structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesis and the finding of the research which has the potential to enrich the body of knowledge among academicians as well as practitioners. In this study, new and un-established relationships have been hypothesized based on theory. The result revealed that the function of the public square has changed and there is a positive relationship between design factors, social activity and users’ perception.
Degradation of the oxirane ring of epoxidized vegetable oils in liquid-liquid systems: II. Reactivity with solvated acetic and peracetic acids

The impact of the main process variables (agitation, pH, temperature, concentration levels) on the degradation of the oxirane ring of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) by attack by solvated acetic and peracetic acids in two-phase (polar- organic) systems when a homogeneous acid catalyst is used, is analyzed in detail. The first degradation reaction is first order with respect to the epoxide concentration and second order with respect to the solvated acetic acid (kAA(70oC) = 4.27 r 0.12 u 10 -5 l 2 mol -2 min -1 ; EaAA = 12.9 r 0.64 kcal mol -1 ). The degradation increases notoriusly the lower the pH of the reacting media is; the increase is directly proportional to the concentration of protons, as is usually found in homogeneous catalysis (for very low pHs the reaction is almost instantaneous). Likewise, the degradation reaction with peracetic acid is first order with respect to the epoxide (kPAA(70oC) = 4.31 u 10 -4 l
How Do Different Types of Investors React to New Financial Statement Information?

This study contributes to our understanding of the forces that drive the stock market by investigating how different types of investors react to new financial statement information. Using the extremely comprehensive official register of share holdings in Finland, we find that the majority of investors are more probable to sell (buy) stocks in a company after a positive (negative) earnings surprise, and are biased towards buying after the disclosure of new financial statement information. Large investors, on the other hand, show behavior opposite to that of the majority of investors. We suggest investor overconfidence and asymmetric information as possible explanations for the documented behavior.
Digitally-Controlled Frequency Generation Using Variable-Length Ring Oscillators

A simple variable-length ring oscillator (VLRO) in which a selectable number of inverters is shunted using bypass transistors is introduced. A range of frequencies can be selected by activating or deactivating the bypass circuitry. LTspice simulations demonstrating the performance are presented. BSIM4 transistor models using 50nm gate lengths are used in the design of the inverters and bypass transistors. The fundamental frequency generated by each VLRO is determined via Fourier transforms of the output square wave. The data show that the VLRO can effectively generate a wide range of frequencies in a large number of steps based on the selection of bypass transistors that are activated. The prototypical circuit presented here uses 45 CMOS inverters to generate a range of frequencies between about 0.56 GHz and 1.4 GHz. Four different VLROs that demonstrate the ability to synthesize frequencies based on external inputs are presented. Based on the chosen VLRO design, anywhere from 6 to 16 unique frequencies can be selected over the frequency range.
Interactive comment on “ Dust events in Beijing , China ( 2004 – 2006 ) : comparison of ground-based measurements with columnar integrated observations ” by Z . J

This paper generally well describes the physical and optical characteristics of dust events observed at Beijing, China during the springtime of 2004-2006. Both groundbased measurements of particle size distribution and column-integrated aerosol optical properties (including Angstrom exponent, AOD, refractive index, etc.) retrieved from AERONET were analyzed. Some meteorological data (including sounding) and TOMS
Deep convection in the Arctic: The evaluation of results from an OGCM with a new convection parameterization

The current generation of ocean general circulation models (OGCMS) uses a convective adjustment scheme to remove static instabilities and to parameterize shallow and deep convection. In simulations used to examine climate-related scenarios, investigators found that in the Arctic regions, the OGCM simulations did not produce a realistic vertical density structure, did not create the correct quantity of deep water, and did not use a time-scale of adjustment that is in agreement with tracer ages or observations. A possible weakness of the models is that the convective adjustment scheme does not represent the process of deep convection adequately. Consequently, a penetrative plume mixing scheme has been developed to parameterize the process of deep open-ocean convection in OGCMS. This new deep convection parameterization was incorporated into the Semtner and Chervin (1988) OGCM. The modified model (with the new parameterization) was run in a simplified Nordic Seas test basin: under a cyclonic wind stress and cooling, stratification of the basin-scale gyre is eroded and deep mixing occurs in the center of the gyre. In contrast, in the OGCM experiment that uses the standard convective adjustment algorithm, mixing is delayed and is wide-spread over the gyre.
Small Caps in International Diversified Portfolios

We show that predictable covariances between means and variances of stock returns may have a first order effect on portfolio composition. In an international asset menu that includes both European and North American small capitalization equity indices, we find that a three-state, heteroskedastic regime switching VAR model is required to provide a good fit to weekly return data and to accurately predict the dynamics in the joint density of returns. As a result of the non-linear dynamic features revealed by the data, small cap portfolios become riskier in bear markets, i.e. display negative co-skewness with other stock indices. Because of this property, a power utility investor ought to hold a well-diversified portfolio, despite the high risk premium and Sharpe ratios offered by small capitalization stocks. On the contrary small caps command large optimal weights when the investor ignores variance risk, by incorrectly assuming joint normality of returns. These results provide the missing partial equilibrium rationale for the presence of co-skewness in the empirical asset pricing models that have been proposed to explain the cross-section of stock returns.
Education, Experience and Profits: An Application for the Job of Non Wage-earners

The aim of this study is to justify the human capital theory in the explanation of the differences within work benefits for non wage-earners in Cameroon. This process is extremely rare in labor economics, since individuals are generally considered to be salaried. This study uses a theoretical framework developed by Mincer (1974) to model logarithmic earnings as determined by both the economic and noneconomic individual characteristics. The data are collected from the National Institute of Statistics’ 2005 Employment and the Informal Sector Survey (EISS) which give information from 8.540 households around t0he country. The results show that education and experience play a crucial role in profits of work determination for non wage-earners likewise usual working condition.
Free convection boundary layers driven by exothermic surface reactions: critical ambient temperatures

A model for the free convection boundary-layer flow near a forward stagnation point driven by heating from a surface on which there is a catalytic reaction is discussed. The governing equations are mude dimensionless so as to highlight the ambient temperature with themain emphasis being to determine critical ambient temperatures. The basic model is then reduced to a standard free convection problem by a transformation of variables from which bifurcation diagrams (plots of a dimensionless surface temperature against a dimensionless ambient temperature) can be constructed. These show a hysteresis bifurcation, the position of which can be readily deduced. A feature of the present formulation is the occurrence of disjoint bifurcation diagrams whereby the upper solution branch becomes separated from the lower solution branches. This aspect is also discussed in detail.
Physical mapping of Malacosoma neustria nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome and its modification in Antheraea pernyi cell culture

A physical map of the M. neustria nuclear polyidrosis virus (ManeNPV) genome was constructed, the complete order of BamHJ, Kpnl and Pstl restriction enzyme sites was determinedt a polyhedrin gene was localized on the map. The viral DNA size was calculated to be about 139 kbp. Restriction endonuclease profiles of the DNA of ManeNPV plaques isolate propagated in A. pernyi cells demonstrated ^persistent heterogeneity*, submolar bands were shown to appear in a digestion pattern of DNA of the first passage virus. These bands were proved to be due to the DNA molecules presence in the non-homogeneous virus DNA pool, their chains having been shown to carry a putative break in a definite site. Such a *break site» was localized on the physical, map of ManeNPV genome.
Several Issues on the Model Interchange Between Model-Driven Software Development Tools

Models are widely used and are one of the advanced tools of software engineering. There is a necessity to export software models from one software development tool or environment and to import them into another tool or environment, especially actual this task is within the ModelDriven Software Development. Despite of the popular model description standard XML Metadata Interchange (XMI), which can be used to perform the task of the model interchange, several problems according to information loss still are appearing. The research is devoted to the comparison of the tools’ abilities to exchange the software model presented in the form of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams with other tools, based on a set of test cases suitable to check the completeness of the model description according to XMI standard. Authors open the discussion about the dependency between tools correspondence to the XMI standard and tool’s ability of model interchange.
Soil water content measured by FDR probes and thresholds for drip irrigation management in peach trees

Soil water content was monitored continuously with multisensor capacitance probes, based on the frequency domain refl ectometry (FDR) technique, in drip irrigated young peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) cv. Flordastar in a semiarid region of Murcia, Spain during 2004. The aim of this work was to study the effect of two irrigation treatments on volumetric soil water content and to determine the irrigation management thresholds of the soil water store (SWS) as monitored by FDR probes. The treatments consisted in restoring the soil water content to 100% (T1) and 50% (T2) of the crop evapotranspiration (Etc) by applying different irrigation doses with similar frequency. The continuous measurements of soil water content by the capacitance sensors refl ected properly the impact of different irrigation events on the soil water stored and provide useful information upon the advance of the wetted front, the depth of the root system activity and the fate of the applied water. Through the continuum soil-plantatmosphere, the variations of the soil water content were used to determine the in situ: “fullpoint” (142 mm 0.5 m-1), fi eld capacity (132 mm 0.5 m-1), and “refi llpoint” (124 mm 0.5 m-1) as practical thresholds for irrigation management to match the irrigation doses and frequency with the actual plant water requirements. Graphical determination of irrigation thresholds minimized the importance of small fl uctuations in soil water content. For the early ripening “Flordastar” peach cultivar the reduction of water application down to 50% ETc has lead to a progressive depletion of the soil water storage without a signifi cant effect on fi nal fruit yield and increased water use effi ciency from 2.7 kg m-3 in T1 to 5.0 kg m-3 in T2.
Quantum Cryptography Protocols with Tri-partite Entanglement

Quantum finite tri-partite systems are studied. Different protocols are introduced to achieve high security quantum cryptography based on tri-partite systems. These protocols are based on the entangled state of three photons where measurement of their polarizations effects the information sent or received according to these protocols. Quantum key distribution using tri-partite entangled system is believed to be more secure than the one using bipartite systems.
COMPARISON OF COSEISMIC IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE WAVEFORMS REVISITED: STRIKE-SLIP, NORMAL, AND REVERSE FAULT EARTHQUAKE

Using Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements with Global Positioning System we studied ionospheric responses to three large earthquakes with difference focal mechanism that occurred in the Sumatra Andaman 26 December 2004, North off Sumatra 11 April 2012, and North Japan 7 December 2012. These earthquakes have different focal mechanisms, i.e. high-angle reverse, strike-slip, and normal faulting, respectively. TEC responses to the Sumatra Andaman 2004 and north Japan 2012 events initiated with positive changes. On the other hand, the initial TEC changes in the Sumatra 2012 earthquake showed both positive and negative polarities depending on the azimuth around the focal area. Such a variety may reflect differences in coseismic vertical crustal displacements, which are dominated by uplift and subsidence in the Sumatra 2012 event. This phenomena has same characteristic with 1994 Kuril Arch earthquake. There are three different propagation velocity in the Sumatra 2012 earthquake, within the first 300 km until 430 km, the CID propagation velocity was ~3 km/s, which is equal to the secod sound speed at the height of the ionospheric F-layer. Starting from 380 km until 750 km out from the epicenter, the disturbance seems to divide into two separate perturbations, with each propagating at a different velocity, about 1 km/s for the one and about 0.4 m/s for the other. The apparent velocity in the Sumatra Andaman 2004 and Japan 2012 propagated ~ 1 km/s and ~ 0.3 km/s, consistent with the sound speed at the ionospheric F layer height and internal gravity wave respectively. Resonant oscillation of TEC with a frequency of ~ 3.7 mHZ and ~4.4 mHz have been found in the Sumatra 2012 and Sumatra Andaman 2004 events. Those earthquakes, which occurred during a period of quiet geomagnetic activity, also showed clear preseismic TEC anomalies similar to those before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki and 2007 Bengkulu earthquake. The positive anomalies started 30-60 minutes before the earthquake to the north of the fault region. However, preseismic ionospheric anomalies of the 2012 Japan earthquake could not be observed because moment magnitude of the earthquake is smaller than Mw 8.2