Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do radio frequencies of medical instruments common in the operating room interfere with near-infrared spectroscopy signals?

Background: Medical and diagnostic applications of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are increasing, especially in operating rooms (OR). Since NIRS is an optical technique, radio frequency (RF) interference from other instruments is unlikely to affect the raw optical data, however, NIRS data processing and signal output could be affected. Methods: We investigated the potential for three common OR instruments: an electrical cautery, an orthopaedic drill and an imaging system, to generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) that could potentially influence NIRS signals. The time of onset and duration of every operation of each device was recorded during surgery. To remove the effects of slow changing physiological variables, we first used a lowpass filter and then selected 2 windows with variable lengths around the moment of device onset. For each instant, variances (energy) and means of the signals in the 2 windows were compared. Results: Twenty patients were studied during ankle surgery. Analysis shows no statistically significant difference in the means and variance of the NIRS signals (p < 0.01) during operation of any of the three devices for all surgeries. Conclusion: This method confirms the instruments evaluated caused no significant interference. NIRS can potentially be used without EMI in clinical environments such as the OR.
Asymmetry in Mössbauer spectra of FeIII-azaporphyrin complexes

Mössbauer spectroscopy in association with numerical analysis of spectra is a very effective tool in molecular and electronic structure investigations of chemical compounds or materials which contain Mössbauersensitive elements. Besides the main spectral Mössbauer parameters such as the isomer shift, quadrupole splitting and distribution of internal magnetic field also some important data of interaction between atoms sensitive to Mössbauer effect and their environment can be obtained from linewidth and symmetry of the spectra [10]. We have observed recently [12] that asymmetric line broadening in the Fe Mössbauer spectra can be correlated with a molecular structure of trivalent iron porphyrins. It was shown that at room temperature the most distinct asymmetry is observed in a Mössbauer spectrum of FeCl-octaethylporphyrin [Fe(OEP)Cl] which contains four methine bridges (CH) in the meso positions of the porphyrin ring (Fig. 1). If the CH bridges are successively substituting by nitrogen atoms (aza-substitution), the corresponding Mössbauer spectra become more symmetrical at the same temperature. It should be noticed that the nearest surrounding of the Fe ions is the same in all the complexes studied and the aza-substitution involves the methine bridges Asymmetry in Mössbauer spectra of Fe-azaporphyrin complexes Tomasz Kaczmarzyk, Tomasz Jackowski, Kazimierz Dziliński, Gennadij N. Sinyakov
Quantum Mechanical Approach to Solvent Effects on the Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles and Their Efficiency As Excitation Energy Transfer Acceptors

We present a time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) investigation of the solvent effect on the light absorption of metal nanoparticles and on their efficiency as excitation energy transfer (EET) acceptors from organic dyes. The calculations consider both the dye and the metal particle at quantum-mechanical (QM) level, thus including quantum size effects. The results are compared to those of a second method that exploits a continuous dielectric model for the metal nanoparticle while keeping the same QM level for the dye. Both methods use the polarizable continuum model (PCM) for the solvent. The comparison of these two approaches for gold and silver nanoparticles has clarified how their different electronic nature specifically couples with the solvent and leads to different optical properties and EET efficiency. Moreover, a critical comparison of the QM results with the popular Forster approach to EET has been performed, quantifying the inherent limitations of the latter for dye-nanoparticle EET .
Spectrophotometric determination of lisinopril in commercial dosage forms using N-bromosuccinimide and chloranil

Two simple, fast, sensitive, and economical spectrophotometric methods for quantification of lisinopril in drug formulations have been developed. Method A was based on the reaction between primary amino group of the drug with N-bromosuccinimide in acetone medium giving a yellow-colored product of maximum absorption at 353 nm. Method B was based on the formation of purple-colored charge transfer complex between the drug and chloranil in 1,4-dioxan-acetonitrile medium. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 10-200 and 24-600 μg mL-' with molar absorptivities of 1.40 ×10 3 and 7.28 ×10 2 L mol-' cm -1 for methods A and B, respectively. Regression analysis yielded the following calibration equations: A = -2.44 × 10 -1 +3.16 × 10 -3 C and A = 5.39 × 10 -4 + 1.65 × 10 -3 C for methods A and B, respectively. For both calibration equations correlation coefficients were 0.9999. Intra- and inter-day precisions were lower than 1.60%. The optimum experimental conditions for the proposed methods have been investigated. Methods A and B have been successfully applied to the analysis oflisinopril in drug formulations. The results have been statistically compared to these obtained applying the British pharmacopoeia method.
Emergency nurse's attitudes toward mental disorders

The aim of this paper was to present a review of the existing literature concerning attitudes of nurses at the emergency department towards mental illness under the angle of the nursing profession and the healthcare providers. The research questions are: What are the emergency nurse’s attitudes toward mental patients? What affects the ED nurses’ attitudes to MH patients? A literature review implemented in this study is to give adequate answers to the research questions. The search for articles is found in EBSCO, CINAHL, PubMed, SCIENCE Direct databases and in google scholar. The research key words applied are "Emergency nurse" AND "attitudes" AND "mental illness". This thesis works on the combination of attitudes theories with the modified labeling theoretical framework which is beneficial to the scenery of nursing attitudes toward mental patients and its effect on treatment process of mental patients in the emergency department. This thesis bases on the qualitative content analysis in nursing research approach by Graneheim & Lundman (2004). The findings of the content analysis showed that experiences with nurses were varied, with participants describing both positive and negative interactions. Positive attitudes obtain from the components of nurses. The negative attitudes derive fear, blame, hostility, fragmentation of client care and devaluation of mental health process lack of skill and education, lack of resources/infrastructure to support the provision of safe, competent mental health care. The conclusion includes the recommendations and solutions.
The role of sea-salt emissions in controlling the marine Aitken and accumulation mode aerosol: a model study

The remote marine aerosol and the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) are examined with an aerosol microphysics box model in an attempt to better understand the processes involved in the formation and transformation of the marine aerosol. Emission of submicrometre sea-salt and dimethylsulfide (DMS) have been included together with aerosol dynamics, gas and liquid phase chemistry and cloud processing representative for the marine boundary layer atmosphere. Our simulations are able to reproduce a bimodal submicrometre size distribution with realistic number concentrations even when new particle formation by nucleation is neglected. This indicates that ultrafine primary sea-salt flux is an important source of Aitken mode particles and CDNC. However, sulphate still constitutes 20–80% of the Aitken and accumulation mode masses. The temperature dependence of the sea-salt source function leads to a 23% decrease in total number concentration when the temperature increases from 12 to 20 ◦C. The influence of DMS emission on the aerosol and CDNC is minimal but the size distribution and mass concentration of sulphate is changed, mostly due to in-cloud processes. The wind speed is the dominant factor determining the CDNC, although entrainment of aerosols from free troposphere can have a substantial effect.
Thermoreversible Gelation of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) – Camphor System

Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVF 2 ) produces thermoreversible gel in camphor when quenched to 25°C from the melt under sealed condition. The SEM micrograph of dried PVF 2 /camphor gel (W PVF2 = 0.25) indicates presence of fibrillar network structure and the gels at different composition shows reversible first order phase transition. The phase diagram of the gel suggest the formation of a polymer- solvent complex. The melting enthalpy gives a stoichiometric composition of the complex at W PVF2 = 0.25. This corresponds to a molar ratio of PVF 2 monomer/camphor ≃4/5. Temperature-dependent synchroton experiments further support the conclusions derived from the phase diagram.
New Discoveries in Study on Hydrocarbons From Thermal Degradation of Heterotrophically Yellowing Algae

Green autotrophic alga Chlorella protothecoides contains a very small quantity of hydrocarbons. Heterotrophic culture of this alga results in the cells yellowing, chlorophyll disappearing, protein decreasing and lipid increasing remarkably. The quantities of hydrocarbons from them directly and from the thermal degradation of the cells at or below 200℃ are very low. These hydrocarbons are characterized by predominance of high molecular weight normal alkanes with maximum at C23-C25. When these heterotrophi-cally yellowing cells are thermally degraded at 300℃ , the aliphatic hydrocarbons increase greatly, 32 times that of the green autotrophic ones at the same temperature. Meanwhile, the low molecular weight normal alkanes with C17 as the peak become predominant instead of the original ones of high molecular weight. The actual potential of microplanktonic algae in producing hydrocarbons should be much greater than what people have recognized before.
Hydrothermal dehydration of biomass by superheated steam

Abstract Hydrothermal systems (viz. aqueous solution systems with high temperature (100–374°C) and pressure (0·1–22 MPa) are frequently acknowledged as multi-functional reaction media for various organic and inorganic reactions. This paper presents two typical uses of exhaust superheated steam for hydrothermal dehydration of bamboo and cedar leaves at moderate conditions (<300°C). The active carbon prepared by the dehydration of bamboo and cedar leaves was characterised by scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and adsorption behaviour of heavy metals (e.g. Pb and Cd). The results indicate that the as-prepared active carbon from bamboo had a higher absorption ability than the commercial activated carbon formed by heating biomass at 800°C. Moreover, the as-prepared carbon from cedar leaves expressed a much better adsorption of Pb than the commercial carbon products. Therefore, this demonstrates great potential of disposed exhaust stream up to 300°C in the uses of the hydration of the biomass to produce high-performance active carbon products.
NOVEL SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF SINGLE MOLECULES AND SELF-ASSEMBLEDSTRUCTURES BY SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY

This thesis demonstrates the richness of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) as amethod to understand surface chemistry and physics and to explore the new frontiers in singlemoleculesurface reactions and molecular self-assembly. Organosulfur molecules on the Au(111)surface were studied to address unresolved and controversial issues about self-assembledmonolayers of alkanethiol molecules on gold surfaces. The key new finding is that the thermalsurface chemistry of alkanethiol molecules occurs in a dynamic chemical environment thatinvolves reactive gold adatoms to which the alkanethiol molecules chemically bond. Theproblem of alkanethiol self-assembly is thus transformed from the realm of adsorption on asurface toward organometallic surface chemistry, which is anticipated to have broad implicationsfor the field. Molecules containing a disulfide (S-S) bond were also found to be a spectacularmodel system for exploring electron-induced surface chemistry. In particular, the atomicallylocalizedinjection of electrons from the metal tip of the tunneling microscope is capable ofproducing highly delocalized chemical reactions by means of surface current of hot-electrons.Chemical reactions can therefore be a unique approach to the measurement of the local transportof hot-electrons on metal surfaces. Finally the concepts of self-assembly and electron-inducedchemistry are combined through an observation of an unusual process that flips the chirality ofmolecules self-assembled on the surface by a radical-like chain reaction. This experimentdemonstrates how self-assembly enables a new reaction coordinate by optimizing the stericfactor of the chemical reaction.
Pyroelectric enthalpimetric detection

A pyroelectric enthalpimetric calorimeter for the H‐O reaction was constructed using Pd and Au electrodes on a 2.5‐cm‐diam, 0.3‐mm‐thick LiTaO3 wafer. The counter (or common) electrode was of Au. The detector was placed in a chamber and various gases were admitted at pressures slightly above atmospheric. 100 ppm H2 in N2 was used as the hydrogen source and pure O2 as the oxygen source. A thermal signature was obtained on the Pd electrode that was confirmed by a thermocouple attached to the pyroelectric calorimeter. A delayed thermal signature was observed on the Au electrode resulting from thermal diffusion in the LiTaO3 substrate of the heat generated at the Pd electrode. The results on the H‐O reaction are in general agreement with the literature on Pd metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) structures. The results demonstrate the utility of the pyroelectric calorimeter.
Atmospheric Chemistry of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids: Reaction with OH Radicals and Atmospheric Lifetimes

Relative rate techniques were used to study the kinetics of the reactions of OH radicals with a homologous series of perfluorinated acids, F(CF2)nCOOH (n = 1, 2, 3, 4), in 700 Torr of air at 296 ± 2 K. For n > 1, the length of the F(CF2)n group had no discernible impact on the reactivity of the molecule. For n = 1, k(OH + F(CF2)nCOOH) = (9.35 ± 2.08) × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. For n = 2−4, k(OH + F(CF2)nCOOH) = (1.69 ± 0.22) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Dimerization constants for 2F(CF2)nCOOH = (F(CF2)nCOOH)2 were determined to be 0.32 ± 0.03 Torr-1, 0.30 ± 0.03 Torr-1, 0.41 ± 0.04 Torr-1, and 0.46 ± 0.05 Torr-1 for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively. Atmospheric lifetimes of F(CF2)nCOOH with respect to reaction with OH radicals are estimated to be approximately 230 days for n = 1 and 130 days for n > 1. Reaction with OH radicals is a minor atmospheric fate of F(CF2)nCOOH. The major atmospheric removal mechanism for F(CF2)nCOOH is believed to be wet and dry deposition which probably occurs on a time scale of th.
Adhesive and Friction Forces between Chemically Modified Silicon and Silicon Nitride Surfaces

We report the results of probing adhesion and friction forces between surfaces with functional terminal groups with chemically modified scanning probe microscopy (SPM) tips. Surfaces with terminal groups of CH3, NH2, and SO3H were obtained by direct chemisorption of silane-based compounds on silicon/silicon nitride surfaces. We studied surface properties of the resulting self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in air and aqueous solutions with different pHs. Work of adhesion, “residual forces”, and friction coefficients was obtained for four different types of modified tips and surfaces. Absolute values of the work of adhesion between various surfaces, Wad, were in the range 0.5−8 mJ/m2. The work of adhesion for different modified surfaces correlated with changes of solid−liquid surface energy estimated from macroscopic contact-angle measurements. Friction properties varied with pH in a register with adhesive forces showing a broad maximum at intermediate pH values for a silicon nitride/silicon nitride mating pa.
Estudo potenciométrico sobre a formação de complexos no sistema ferro (III)/azoteto, em meio não totalmente aquoso

viii I INTRODUÇÃO . 1 I.1 Complexos metálicos . 1 I.2 Aspectos gerais . 3 I.2. a Ferro . 3 I.2. b Azoteto . 4 I.2. c Tetraidrofurano . 5 I.2. d Acetona . 6 I.2. e Dioxano . 6 I.3 Constantes de estabilidade ou de formação . 7 I.4 Constantes de estabilidade condicionais . 8 I.5 Funções empregadas na determinação de constantes de estabilidade . 9 I.5. a Número médio de ligantes . 9 I.5. b Grau de complexação . 10 I.5. c Método gráfico de Leden . 11 I.5. d Grau de formação da espécie . 12 I.6 Determinação experimental de constantes de estabilidade . 13 I.7 Considerações gerais sobre métodos indiretos . 14 II OBJETIVOS . 17
Shock machine for the mechanical behaviour of hip prostheses: a description of performance capabilities

The aim of this study was to describe the behaviour of a shock machine designed for testing hip prostheses. A microseparation between head and cup occurs inducing a shock of several times the body weight, leading to fracture of ceramic femoral components. Femoral heads and cups of diameter 32 mm manufactured from alumina were tested in dry and wet conditions. Implants were subjected to shocks with a load profile of 9 kN load at 2 Hz and various microseparations. Position is monitored and force is measured with two acquisition systems. The working range and the device capabilities were investigated. Only cups tested in dry conditions failed. Observations by scanning electron microscopy revealed intergranular and transgranular fractures. Two wear stripes were observed on the heads. Three‐dimensional roughness of wear stripes was measured. Since experimental results are in good agreement with retrieved femoral heads, the shocks machine reproduces the in vivo degradations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Possible maintaining mechanism of climatological atmospheric quasi-biweekly oscillation around Sumatra

data from the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Japan, and reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/ NCAR), USA, during 1980―2001, the relationship be-tween the QBWO of convection around Sumatra and the low-level tropical circulation in the transitional season (March to May) will be analyzed. Additionally, the possi-ble maintaining mechanism of QBWO will also be pro-posed. Using the method introduced by Murakami
Delayed sedimentation of transient gels in colloid–polymer mixtures: dark-field observation, rheology and dynamic light scattering studies

The addition of enough non-adsorbing polymer to a hard-sphere suspension causes the particles to aggregate to form a space-filling gel. The integrity of the gel persists for a finite period of time, and then the space-filling structure collapses suddenly to form a denser sediment. This phenomenon of ‘delayed sedimentation’ is ubiquitous in many weakly-flocculated suspensions. In this work, we observe the processes occurring in the bulk of a colloid–polymer gel using dark-field imaging, and probe the arrangement and dynamics of the particles in the system using two-colour dynamic light scattering. The effect of shear is also studied. A number of physical mechanisms relevant to a comprehensive explanation of delayed sedimentation are proposed and discussed.
ENDOSTATIN IN THE REGULATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL - MATRIX INTERACTIONS AND PERICELLULAR PROTEOLYSIS

9 Introduction 10 Cell migration and extracellular matrix 10 Extracellular matrix 10 Basement membranes 11 Mechanisms of cell motility 13 Integrins and cell-matrix interactions 15 Signaling pathways involved in cell migration 15 Pericellular proteolysis 17 Plasminogen activators 17 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator 18 Urokinase receptor 18 Inhibitors of plasminogen activators 19 Interplay between proteolysis, signaling, and migration 20 Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis 22 Molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis 22 Tumor angiogenesis and the angiogenic switch 23 Role of integrins in angiogenesis 24 Proteolytic cascades in angiogenesis 25 Basement membrane-derived inhibitors of angiogenesis 26 Fragments of type IV collagen 26 Endostatin 28 Structural features 28 Biological roles 29 Effects of endostatin on tumor growth 30 Cell surface receptors 32 Mechanisms of action 33 Angiogenesis inhibitors in cancer therapy 34 Aims of the present study 36 Materials and methods 37 Cell culture and treatments 37 Expression and characterization of human endostatin 37 Growth factors, chemicals, and enzymes 37 Antibodies 38 SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting 38 Casein zymography and reverse zymography 38 Immunoprecipitation 39 Immunofluorescence 39 Cell adhesion assays 40 In vitro chemotaxis assay 40 Isolation of the extracellular matrix 40
Kinetic evaluation of pesticide sorption in two contrasting tropical soils.

Sorption hysteresis of pesticides is commonly observed in batch adsorption/desorption experiments. For a range of temperate soils it has been shown that in most cases observed hysteresis can be explained by slow sorption kinetics. However, for tropical soils this has not been investigated yet. Therefore, a kinetic evaluation of pesticide batch sorption experiments with two tropical soils was performed. The Streck two-stage, one-rate model subdivides the sorption sites into a fraction with instantaneous sorption equilibrium and a kinetic fraction with ratelimited sorption. Four parameters were estimated simultaneously: sorption rate coefficient  (d -1 ), equilibrium fraction f (kg kg -1 ), equilibrium Freundlich coefficient keq and exponent m. Experimental data were taken from standard batch adsorption/desorption studies with nine common corn and soybean pesticides, using a Typic Haplustox and an Ustic Quartzipsamment from the Brazilian Cerrado. Also for these tropical soils, observed sorption hysteresis could be largely explained by kinetic sorption phenomena. The generally stronger hysteresis in the Psamment was reflected by smaller equilibrium fractions than in the Ustox. Kinetic sorption phenomena were strongly pronounced for polar compounds (metribuzine, cyanazine) and less pronounced for triallate, endosulfan-, atrazine, and metolachlor. Thus, for polar pesticides the leaching risk in tropical soils is diminished in comparison to the one assessed on basis of simple equilibrium sorption models.
Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Ru(II) Carbonyl Schiff Base Complexes

The synthesis and characterization of hexa co-ordinated ruthenium(II) complexes of the type [Ru(CO)(B)(L)] (where B = PPh3, AsPh3, py or pip and L = dibasic tetradentate Schiff base ligand) were synthesized from the reaction of [RuHCl(CO)(B)(EPh3)2] (where E = P, B = PPh3, py or pip, E = As, B = AsPh3)with different tetradentate ligands. The ligands were derived by the condensation of 5-chloro-4-methyl-2-hydroxy benzophenone with ethylenediamine, propylenediamine and o-phenylene-diamine in 1:1 molar ratio. All the compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectral (FT-IR, UV-VIS and 1H-NMR) methods. An octahedral environment around Ru(II) ion has been tentatively proposed for all the complexes