Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and Maturation in Elite Young Female Athletes

SUMMARY At any given age, there is wide variation among children in size, physique and body composition, rate of growth, and timing and tempo of biologic maturation. There is corresponding variation among young female athletes. Successful young female athletes are a highly selected group in terms of skill, size and physique, and often socioeconomic status. Comparisons of young female athletes with reference data for the general population indicate that, in general, these young females grow and mature in a similar manner as non-athletes with variation among sports. The short stature and decreased body mass observed in some elite young female athletes likely reflects the selection practice of specific sports. In some of these elite sports there may be a focus on desirable physical and maturational characteristics. It is difficult to attribute the observed variation in the growth and maturation of young athletes to the effects of systematic training. The data presently available do not meet the criteria for causality, and many factors known to influence growth and maturation are usually not considered in studies of young athletes.
A pilot prospective study of the vascular repair response following red cell transfusion in critically ill patients

Red blood cell transfusion has been associated with adverse outcomes including infection, delayed recovery and increased mortality in some patient populations. Circulating cells that yield endothelial‐like vascular progenitor cell (VPC) clusters are correlated with vascular repair and recovery after ischaemic injury. The impact of red cell transfusion on VPC clusters and vascular repair remains uncertain.
Large-amplitude nonlinear motions in proteins.

A molecular-dynamics calculation on a hydrated protein, crambin, demonstrates that (i) neighboring dihedral angles are correlated to local transitions in the protein backbone, and that (ii) the amplitude of collective excitations, representing correlated global motions in the protein, samples multicentered distributions. The time dependence of the multicentered dihedral and collective excitations show rapid transitions from the center of one distribution to another, followed for some time by damped, low-amplitude motions around one center. The global nonlinear collective excitations are responsible for most of the atomic fluctuations of the molecule. An analysis appropriate to multimodal conformations is reported.
pVHL co‐ordinately regulates CXCR4/CXCL12 and MMP2/MMP9 expression in human clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma

Loss of pVHL function, characteristic for clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), causes increased expression of CXCR4 chemokine receptor, which triggers expression of metastasis‐associated MMP2/MMP9 in different human cancers. The impact of pVHL on MMP2/MMP9 expression and their relationship to CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 in ccRCC is unclear. By using reverse transcription PCR, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, strong mRNA and protein expression of CXCR4, CXCL12, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2 was found in VHL‐null 786‐O ccRCC cells. Loss of CXCR4/CXCL12 expression after restoration of VHL function in these cells was accompanied by a significant reduction of MMP2 and MMP9 expression, whereas neither TIMP1 nor TIMP2 expression was affected. Using real‐time PCR analysis, higher MMP2 (p = 0.0134) and MMP9 (p = 0.067) mRNA expression levels were detected in primary ccRCC with strong CXCR4 compared to cases with weak CXCR4 expression. There was no association between CXCR4 and TIMP1 or TIMP2 mRNA expression. MMP2 protein expression data obtained by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray uncovered positive cytoplasmic staining in 290/380 (76%) primary ccRCCs. Co‐expression of CXCR4 and MMP2 was found in 282 of these tumours (74%). Our in vitro and in vivo data strongly indicate that pVHL coordinately regulates expression of metastasis‐associated genes CXCR4/CXCL12 and MMP2/MMP9 but the exact molecular mechanism of this regulation remains to be determined. Co‐expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12, as demonstrated in VHL‐null 786‐O cells, might enable ccRCC progression and metastatic dissemination by autocrine receptor stimulation, even in the absence of exogenous CXCL12. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diverticular Colovesical Fistula Presenting as Recurrent Epididymoorchitis

A 45-year-old man presented with left epididymoorchitis. Urine cultures grew Escherichia coli, and he was prescribed oral ciprofloxacin. He returned in 2 weeks with right epididymoorchitis that persisted despite another antibiotic course. History suggestive of fecaluria and abdominal pain prompted u
Chromosome instability in resection margins predicts recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival of approximately 50%, partly due to the development of (loco)regional recurrences in 10–30% of surgically treated patients [1,2]. These recurrences may arise from histopathologically undetected residual cancer cells and precursor lesions (minimal residual disease) in resection margins. The presence of (pre)malignant cells in resection margins that were apparently tumour-free after histopathological examination can be demonstrated by the use of various molecular and cytochemical assays, including p53 mutation and expression analysis as well as chromosome 1 and 7 copy number detection by the use of in situ hybridization (ISH) [3,4]. Mutations in p53 and chromosome 1 and 7 alterations are common in (pre)malignant head and neck lesions and have been used succesfully for risk assessment of premalignancies [1,5–7]. In 2001, we reported on the molecular detection of residual (pre)malignant cells in the resection margins of 20 oral cancers that were radically resected between 1994 and 1997 [4]. None of these patients received any additional treatment and no follow-up data were reported at that time. Resection margins were examined by ISH for chromosome instability (CIN), defined as the presence of chromosome 1 and 7 copy number imbalances and/or polysomy, and by immunohistochemistry for nuclear p53 overexpression in squamous epithelial cells. Table 1 summarizes these molecular data, showing eight out of 19 cases with (pre)malignant cell nuclei harbouring CIN (see Figure 1) and eight cases with nuclear p53 immunostaining (with six cases overlapping). In order to examine the predictive value of these molecular markers, we have now re-evaluated the histopathological and clinical patient files and have collected follow-up data for these 19 patients over a period of 10–13 years (see Table 1). One patient was excluded from the present study because of a retrospectively proven irradical resection of the primary tumour. Our study revealed that all 11 patients without CIN in their resection margins showed no evidence of disease during follow-up. In contrast, four out of eight patients with CIN developed disease during followup, two showing local recurrence within 5 years and two additional patients developing local/locoregional tumours after 10 and 11 years. Four patients remained tumour-free. While all four recurrent cases showed CIN, only three of these were positive for p53. As a result, CIN detection is strongly associated with (loco)regional tumour outgrowth during follow-up, as indicated by a p value of 0.018 in Fisher’s exact test, whereas p53 immunostaining does not correlate significantly with recurrence of OSCC.
Supermarket access, transport mode and BMI: the potential for urban design and planning policy across socio-economic areas

Abstract Objective To investigate dietary intake, BMI and supermarket access at varying geographic scales and transport modes across areas of socio-economic disadvantage, and to evaluate the implementation of an urban planning policy that provides guidance on spatial access to supermarkets. Design Cross-sectional study used generalised estimating equations to investigate associations between supermarket density and proximity, vegetable and fruit intake and BMI at five geographic scales representing distances people travel to purchase food by varying transport modes. A stratified analysis by area-level disadvantage was conducted to detect optimal distances to supermarkets across socio-economic areas. Spatial distribution of supermarket and transport access was analysed using a geographic information system. Setting Melbourne, Australia. Subjects Adults (n 3128) from twelve local government areas (LGA) across Melbourne. Results Supermarket access was protective of BMI for participants in high disadvantaged areas within 800 m (P=0·040) and 1000 m (P=0·032) road network buffers around the household but not for participants in less disadvantaged areas. In urban growth area LGA, only 26 % of dwellings were within 1 km of a supermarket, far less than 80–90 % of dwellings suggested in the local urban planning policy. Low public transport access compounded disadvantage. Conclusions Rapid urbanisation is a global health challenge linked to increases in dietary risk factors and BMI. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying the most appropriate geographic scale to inform urban planning policy for optimal health outcomes across socio-economic strata. Urban planning policy implementation in disadvantaged areas within cities has potential for reducing health inequities.
Expression of EpCAM is up‐regulated during regeneration of renal epithelia

The human epithelial cell adhesion molecule (hEpCAM) is involved in epithelial morphogenesis and repair of epithelial tissues. We hypothesized that changes in hEpCAM expression in vivo correlate with regeneration of renal epithelia after ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRi). Unilateral IRi was performed on kidneys of hEpCAM transgenic mice. Changes in hEpCAM expression were investigated by quantitative RT‐PCR in renal cortex and medulla dissected by laser dissection microscopy and expression patterns of hEpCAM in regenerating kidneys were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The mechanism of hEpCAM promoter activation was investigated in vitro, by real‐time bioluminescent imaging in HK‐2 cells and in primary tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. In vivo, the transcription of the human epcam gene significantly increased in the renal cortex during tubular re‐epithelialization (p < 0.01). Moreover, the number of tubuli that expressed hEpCAM protein more than doubled in the renal cortex during regeneration. De novo expression of hEpCAM was detected in the S1 segments of proximal tubuli. Under hypoxic conditions in vitro, activity of the hEpCAM promoter was up‐regulated two‐fold in the HK‐2 proximal epithelial cell line. Moreover, both in primary proximal epithelial cells and in HK‐2 cells, hEpCAM protein expression was increased after hypoxia and reoxygenation. The significant up‐regulation of hEpCAM during post‐ischaemic renal regeneration in vivo and during in vitro hypoxia indicates that hEpCAM expression is associated with renal regeneration. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ‘critical mass’ survey of palliative care programme at ESMO designated centres of integrated oncology and palliative care

Background The ESMO Designated Centres (ESMO-DCs) of Integrated Oncology and Palliative Care (PC) Incentive Programme has grown steadily. We aimed to characterise the level of PC clinical services, education and research at ESMO-DCs. Methods We sent all 184 ESMO-DCs an electronic survey consisting of 78 questions examining the DC characteristics, palliative care clinical programme (structure, processes, and outcomes), primary PC delivery by oncologists, education, research and attitudes and beliefs towards the ESMO-DC programme. Results The response rate was 83% (152/184). 115 (76%) ESMO-DCs were from Europe, 87 (57%) were tertiary care centres. 136 (90%) had inpatient consultation teams, 135 (89%) had outpatient PC clinics, 107 (71%) had dedicated acute care beds, and 75 (50%) offered community-based PC. An estimated 70% (interquartile range [IQR] 28-80%) of patients with advanced cancer had a PC consultation before death, occurring 90 days before death (median, IQR 40-150 days) for outpatients and 21 days (IQR 14-45 days) for inpatients. 59 (39%) offered PC fellowship programme; 47 (32%) had mandatory PC rotations for oncology fellows. Ninety-nine (65%) had double-boarded palliative oncologists. 118 (78%) of the ESMO-DCs reported that routine symptom screening was offered in the oncology clinic and 30% of patients had documented end-of-life discussions by their oncologists. Most centres (>80%) perceived the ESMO-DC programme to increase their status. Conclusions The ESMO-DCs had a high level of PC infrastructure and provided access to a large proportion of patients with advanced cancer. The survey supports that the 13 criteria required for ESMO designation set a robust framework for integration, stimulated investment of resources into some palliative care programmes prior to accreditation, and raised the interest about palliative care among clinicians, trainees and patients.
Customer relationship management and QM maturity: an examination of impacts in the health‐care and non‐health‐care setting

Investigates the relationships between organizational adoption and extent of use of quality management (QM) programs and customer relationship management systems (CRM) in health‐care and non‐health‐care organizational settings. In referring to QM, recognizes that there has been widespread adoption, across organizations generally, of programs aimed at delivering superior quality to the customer. Focuses on this group of programs when considering QM, and looks at how adoption of QM may impact the CRM programs. Specifically, contends that organizations from the two settings may vary considerably in QM maturity. Begins by considering whether there are differences in the paths which health‐care and non‐health‐care organizations have used in approaching and implementing QM. Finds no differences, however, in this research. Instead, finds that there were systematic changes which appeared to accompany higher‐quality QM implementations in both health‐care and non‐health‐care organizations.
Interpretation of the Nano-Electron-Diffraction Patterns along the Five-Fold Axis of Decahedral Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract The transition from 10-fold to 5-fold symmetry was observed during the analysis of nanodiffraction patterns of a gold decahedral multiple twinned nanoparticle of 15 nm in diameter. The analysis shows that as the convergence of the beam is increased, the rotational symmetry of the diffraction pattern shifts from 10- to 5-fold. The 10-fold symmetry predicted by Friedel's law is lost by the asymmetric shift of the diffraction spots, an effect that becomes more noticeable as the electron beam convergence increases. Dynamical and kinematical diffraction calculations indicate this decrease in symmetry is the result of a double refraction effect coupled with the variation of the dynamical diffraction conditions arising from a varying electron beam convergence.
Neural Stem Cells in Neurospheres, Embryoid Bodies, and Central Nervous System of Human Embryos

Abstract The process of neurogenesis and formation of neural stem cells is reported in human neurospheres (NS) and embryoid bodies (EB) derived from human embryonic stem cells, in vitro, and compared with neural tissue formed in human ectopic embryos in week 4 (stage 9), developed in vivo. This morphological study was done using digital imaging by light microscopy and routine transmission electron microscopy. Both NS and EB form neural rosettes from the surface epithelium much like the process of neural tube formation from ectoderm in the embryo. The rosette is the developmental signature of neuroprogenitors in cultures of differentiating embryonic stem cells and is a radial arrangement of columnar cells that express many of the proteins expressed in neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube. The NS produce all of the major classes of progeny of the neural tube, some of which have been documented here. Specific neural markers expressed in the NS and the clinical implications of this study in cell therapy are also discussed.
Nitrosative stress elicited by nNOSµ delocalization inhibits muscle force in dystrophin‐null mice

The mechanism of force reduction is not completely understood in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dystrophin‐deficient lethal disease. Nitric oxide regulates muscle force. Interestingly, neuronal nitric oxide synthase µ (nNOSµ), a major source of muscle nitric oxide, is lost from the sarcolemma in DMD muscle. We hypothesize that nNOSµ delocalization contributes to force reduction in DMD. To test this hypothesis, we generated dystrophin/nNOSµ double knockout mice. Genetic elimination of nNOSµ significantly enhanced force in dystrophin‐null mice. Pharmacological inhibition of nNOS yielded similar results. To further test our hypothesis, we studied δ‐sarcoglycan‐null mice, a model of limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy. These mice had minimal sarcolemmal nNOSµ delocalization and muscle force was less compromised. Annihilation of nNOSµ did not improve their force either. To determine whether nNOSµ delocalization itself inhibited force, we corrected muscle disease in dystrophin‐null mice with micro‐dystrophins that either restored or did not restore sarcolemmal nNOSµ. Similar muscle force was obtained irrespective of nNOSµ localization. Additional studies suggest that nNOSµ delocalization selectively inhibits muscle force in dystrophin‐null mice via nitrosative stress. In summary, we have demonstrated for the first time that nitrosative stress elicited by nNOSµ delocalization is an important mechanism underlying force loss in DMD. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of a,v-Dihexylsexithiophene Adlayers on Au~111!: A Chiral Separation Induced by a Surface

The self-assembly of a, v-dihexylsexithiophene molecules on an Au~111! surface was examined by using scanning tunneling microscopy at room temperature, revealing the internal molecular structures of the sexithiophene backbones and the hexyl side chains. The a, v-dihexylsexithiophene formed a large and well-ordered monolayer in which the molecule lay flatly on the Au~111! surface and was separated into two chiral domains. A detailed observation reveals that the admolecules were packed in one lamellae with their molecular axis aligned along the main axis of the Au~111! substrate with their hexyl chains deviated from ^110& direction of the Au~111! substrate by 12 6 0.58. In contrast to the behavior in the three-dimensional bulk structure, flat-lying adsorption introduced molecular chirality: rightand left-handed molecules separate into domains of two different orientations, which are mirror symmetric with respect to the ^121& direction of the Au~111! substrate. Details of the adlayer structure and the chiral self-assembly were discussed here.
13C NMR Study of Layered Organic Superconductors Based on BEDT-TTF Molecules.

The normal state of the layered organic superconductors a-(BEDT-TTF)2X (X = Cu(NCS)2 and Cu[N(CN)2]Br) has been studied by "C NMR for the first time. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate, Tl ', is greatly enhanced over the value expected from the Korringa relation and shows an anomalous peak around 50 K for both compounds. This is the first experimental evidence of strong antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations in these materials. The depression of the spin fluctuations observed below 50 K coincides with an appearance of Fermi liquid behavior in the charge transport.
Laboratory-Based Cryogenic Soft X-Ray Tomography with Correlative Cryo-Light and Electron Microscopy

Abstract Here we present a novel laboratory-based cryogenic soft X-ray microscope for whole cell tomography of frozen hydrated samples. We demonstrate the capabilities of this compact cryogenic microscope by visualizing internal subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The microscope is shown to achieve better than 50 nm half-pitch spatial resolution with a Siemens star test sample. For whole biological cells, the microscope can image specimens up to 5 μm thick. Structures as small as 90 nm can be detected in tomographic reconstructions following a low cumulative radiation dose of only 7.2 MGy. Furthermore, the design of the specimen chamber utilizes a standard sample support that permits multimodal correlative imaging of the exact same unstained yeast cell via cryo-fluorescence light microscopy, cryo-soft X-ray microscopy, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy. This completely laboratory-based cryogenic soft X-ray microscope will enable greater access to three-dimensional ultrastructure determination of biological whole cells without chemical fixation or physical sectioning.
Leprosy in Brazil and its association with characteristics of municipalities: ecological study, 2009-2011.

OBJECTIVE To analyse the ecological association between the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the Brazilian municipalities and average leprosy incidence rate in the period 2009-2011. METHODS An ecological study taking the Brazilian municipalities as its units of analysis. The local empirical Bayes estimation method was used to obtain smoothed incidence rates (SIR) for leprosy. The mean, median, first quartile (Q1) and third quartile (Q3) of the SIR were calculated per 100 000 inhabitants. Hierarchical log-linear negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRR). RESULTS In the period 2009-2011, the average SIR of leprosy in Brazil was 20.2 per 100 000 inhabitants, and the median incidence rate among municipalities was 9.1 per 100 000 inhabitants. Significantly higher adjusted IRR were identified for large municipalities (IRR = 1.67) compared to small municipalities, as well as in municipalities with higher illiteracy rates (IRR = 2.15), more urbanised municipalities (IRR = 1.53), those with greater social inequality as per the Gini index (IRR = 1.26), high percentage of households with inadequate sanitation (IRR = 1.63), higher average number of people per room (IRR = 1.41), high proportions of Family Health Programme coverage (IRR = 1.29), high percentage of household contacts investigated (IRR = 2.30) and those with percentage of cases with grade 2 disability considered to be the medium (IRR = 1.26). CONCLUSIONS In this study, SIR was significantly associated with municipalities with low socio-economic status. Disease control activities need to be focused on these municipalities, and investments need to be made in improving the population's living conditions.
Ma-PbFRET: Multiple Acceptors FRET Measurement Based on Partial Acceptor Photobleaching

Abstract Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurement based on partial acceptor photobleaching (PbFRET) is easy to implement without external references. However, the current PbFRET methods are inapplicable to the construct with multiple acceptors, which largely increase the Förster distance. Here, we proposed a linear theory for the dependence of the acceptor photobleaching probability of construct with multiple acceptors on the photobleaching degree (x) and developed a multiple acceptors PbFRET method (Ma-PbFRET) to measure the FRET efficiency of construct with multiple acceptors (n) by measuring the fluorescence intensities of both donor and acceptor channels before and after acceptor photobleaching. The Ma-PbFRET method was validated by measuring the FRET efficiency of construct with two or three acceptors under different x in living cells. Our experimental results demonstrate that the Ma-PbFRET method is capable of exactly quantifying the FRET efficiency of construct with multiple acceptors, providing a simple and powerful tool to investigate the assembly/disassembly of biomolecular complexes with larger distance in living cells.