Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muscle Architecture Described with Diffusion Weighted Mri P.og Kamm Igineering 'upervisor Supervisor

The complex array of fiber orientations exhibited by muscles such as the tongue, esophagus, and heart, enable function beyond basic pulling. Among other things, the presence of crossing geometry adds the ability to push by bi-directional contraction causing expansion in the orthogonal direction. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), provides a convenient, non-destructive, method for deriving fiber architecture in many tissues. DW-MRI finely probes tissue microstructure by determining direction-specific variations of signal attenuation. Gradients are applied in a set of directions, intensities, and durations and the attenuation data combined to form an approximation of fiber alignment within each voxel. The main original contributions of this work are the calibration and application of diffusion weighted imaging methods to several muscular tissues and analysis of the data. Of particular note are: (1) the relation of diffusion spectrum MRI derived muscle architecture to 3D whole tissue two-photon microscopy data, and (2) the ability to capture mechanically relevant tongue muscle architecture data from human in vivo and analysis. Muscular tissue is involved in nearly all vital functions of biological organisms: respiration, ingestion, digestion, circulation in addition to basic motion. The application of DWMRI technologies to muscle tissue as described in this paper could lead to insights about or aid in the remediation of muscular dystrophies and other myopathies. Thesis Supervisor: Roger Kamm Title: Professor, Mechanical Engineering Thesis Supervisor: Richard Gilbert Title: Research Scientist. Mechanical Engineering
A Further Look at Q1 and Q2 from TOGA COARE

AbstractTwo features of Yanai et al.’s profiles of Q1 and Q2—the commonly observed double-peak structure to Q2 and an inflection in the Q1 profile below the melting level—are explored using estimates of convective and stratiform rainfall partitioning based on Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) radar reflectivity data collected during TOGA COARE. The MIT radar data allow the Q1 and Q2 profiles to be classified according to stratiform rain fraction within the radar domain and, within the limitations of the datasets, allow interpretations to be made about the relative contributions of convective and stratiform precipitation to the mean profiles. The sorting of Q2 by stratiform rain fraction leads to the confirmation of previous findings that the double-peak structure in the mean profile is a result of a combination of separate contributions of convective and stratiform precipitation. The convective contribution, which has a drying peak in the lower troposphere, combines with a stratiform drying peak.
Managing Mediterranean nurse plants-mediated effects on soil microbial functions to improve rock phosphate solubilization processes and early growth of Cupressus atlantica G

The main objective was to evaluate the impact of nurse plant species commonly found in Mediterranean areas (Lavandula dentata and Thymus satureoides) on microbial soil functions, on the native inoculum potential of AM fungi involved in the rock phosphate weathering and to measure the potential benefits to the growth of Atlas Cypress (Cupressus atlantica G.), an endemic Cupressacea of Morocco. Soils collected from an old C. atlantica forest and pre-cultivated with each of the target plant species (L. dentata and T. satureoides). After 5 months of cultivation, they were uprooted and the treated substrate was amended or not with Khouribga Rock Phosphate (KRP). Then pots were filled with the soil mixtures and planted with one pre-germinated seed of C. atlantica. The results show that pre-cultivation step with native mycotrophic plant species improves the mycorrhizal soil infectivity, modifies soil microbial functionalities and increases the impact of rock phosphate amendment on the C. atlantica growth. This low cost cultivation practice by improving forest plant development and cultural soil quality constitutes a promising ecological engineering tool to improve the performances of ecosystem restoration. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
STUDIES ON T H E LEUKOCYTOSIS AND LYMPHOCYTOSIS I N D U C E D BY BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS* II. THE EFFECT 017 PERTUSSIS VACCINE ON THE THORACIC DUCT LYMPH AND LYMPHOCYTES OF MICE

The striking lymphocytosis induced in mice by Bordetella pertussis has been shown to be due to an increase in the circulating number of preformed lymphocytes rather than to an increase of newly formed cells (1). There are several possible mechanisms by which the lymphocytosis could occur. There might be an increase in the rate of entry of lymphocytes into the circulation via the normal route. This should be reflected in an increase in the cell content of thoracic duct lymph since in several animal species it has been shown that the thoracic duct serves as the major lymphatic conduit into the blood (2, 3). Alternatively, an increased number of lymphocytes might enter the circulation by unusual routes in addition to, or instead of, lymphatics; e.g., direct entry into blood vessels. Finally, the rate of entry of lymphocytes into the blood stream might be normal, but the rate of egress might be dampened. If the number of lymphocytes which enter and leave the circulation of the mouse each day is greater than the number present at any one time, as is true in other animals (4-6), a diminished rate of exit of the lymphocytes from the blood might, by itself, lead to an increase in the lymphocyte count. In order to answer this specific question, as well as to at tempt to derive information on the mechanisms which control the level of circulating lymphocytes, studies were performed in which the cell content of the thoracic duct fluid of normal and pertussis-treated mice was examined.
Sef and Fef in Ocular Decision Contrasting the Roles of the Supplementary and Frontal Eye Fields in Ocular 3

1 1 2 Contrasting the Roles of the Supplementary and Frontal Eye Fields in Ocular 3 Decision Making 4 5 6 Running title: SEF and FEF in ocular decision 7 8 9 Authors: 10 Shun-nan Yang 1, 2 11 Stephen Heinen 2 12 13 14 Addresses: 15 1 Vision Performance Institute, 2043 College Way, College of Optometry, Pacific 16 University, Forest Grove, Oregon 17 2 Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, 18 California 19 20
How Mindreading Computer Work And How It Is Useful In Different Working Areas

:Mind reading is the ability to infer other people’s mental state and use that to make sense of and predict their behavior and also to understand both oneself and other agents in terms of beliefs, desires and intentions[15]. A lack of or impairment in the theory of mind (mindblindness) is thought to be the primary inhibitor of emotion understanding and social intelligence in individuals with autism[6] . The goal in building mind reading machines is to enable computer technologies to understand and react to people’s emotions and mental states. In this paper we present how to read minds using different techniques. The paper presents a mind-reading architecture based on an Eye Language Interpreter and Baron-Cohen’s Mindreading System. This architecture enables the recognition and prediction of complex mental states, allowing for more natural man-machine interaction. This paper also presents where mind reading useful.
Ginástica no ensino superior: reflexões sobre avaliação

Os processos de avaliacao tradicionais pautavam-se nos paradigmas educativos de linearidade e encadeamento, cujo objetivo era classificar e selecionar os individuos. Com o avanco do discurso das Ciencias Humanas e Sociais, a avaliacao ganhou um carater reflexivo e analitico, e passou a se constituir em um sistema de apoio e orientacao para as aprendizagens individuais e coletivas, e sem perder de vista a formacao pessoal dos alunos. Apoiado na pesquisa qualitativa, o presente estudo identificou e discutiu as avaliacoes utilizadas por 14 docentes universitarios do Estado de Sao Paulo que ministram as disciplinas de ginastica nos cursos de licenciatura em Educacao Fisica. Os resultados evidenciaram diferentes formatos de avaliacao, quais sejam: teorica; debates; pratica/vivencia pesquisa; autoavaliacao e avaliacao entre pares . Nenhum dos docentes esclareceram claramente os criterios de avaliacao, ficando a mesma, sobretudo, subjetiva, quatro docente apontaram indicios de utilizacao dos instrumentos avaliativos na concepcao formativa e apenas um docente orienta sua pratica durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, apos analisar o que foi detectado nas avaliacoes.
INTEGRATING TRANSACTION COST THEORY AND MARKET DESIGN Reversing the discriminating alignment hypothesis to design for the Dutch electricity market and PV prosumers

PV prosumers could have a significant contribution to the 20/20/20 goals, but the Dutch electricity system is not equipped for this. The current net metering policy has an uncertain future and net metering takes away the time dependent, system critical, component of the balance of demand and supply for prosumers. An integrated transaction cost theory and market design method is used to analyze the problems in the sector and design market design options to mitigate those problems. This is done by exploring whether the reversed discriminating alignment hypothesis could be applied to this research: instead of matching governance structures to transactions attributes, turning this around and change transaction attributes to match the already defined governance structure of the electricity market. Technical and contractual solutions were found that adapt the individual transaction attributes to let them match with the governance structure of the market. The individual solutions were then composed into three market design options. The market design options are evaluated by means of their impact on the problems that resulted from the transaction cost analysis. The results are compared to the requirements following from interviews in field research. The market design option called ‘It’s all in the bundle’, making use of real time tariffs to steer demand, in house storage and an exclusive contract with one supplier with a bundle structure, turned out to be the preferred market design option. Future research should, first, take the direction of further developing the integrated transaction cost theory and market design method and could explore if this integration is also possible with other theories. Secondly it should be defined, in both theoretical and practical sense, what the possibilities, constraints and complexities following from the reverse discriminating alignment hypothesis are, that were not described by Williamson. Lastly the resulting market design should be fine-tuned by taking into account more system features such as consumer acceptance and production costs and complementing this research with other theoretical perspectives.
Institutionen För Systemteknik Compressed Sensing for 3d Laser Radar

High resolution 3D images are of high interest in military operations, where data can be used to classify and identify targets. The Swedish defence research agency (FOI) is interested in the latest research and technologies in this area. A drawback with normal 3D-laser systems are the lack of high resolution for long range measurements. One technique for high long range resolution laser radar is based on time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). By repetitively sending out short laser pulses and measure the time of flight (TOF) of single reflected photons, extremely accurate range measurements can be done. A drawback with this method is that it is hard to create single photon detectors with many pixels and high temporal resolution, hence a single detector is used. Scanning an entire scene with one detector is very time consuming and instead, as this thesis is all about, the entire scene can be measured with less measurements than the number of pixels. To do this a technique called compressed sensing (CS) is introduced. CS utilizes that signals normally are compressible and can be represented sparse in some basis representation. CS sets other requirements on the sampling compared to the normal Shannon-Nyquist sampling theorem. With a digital micromirror device (DMD) linear combinations of the scene can be reflected onto the single photon detector, creating scalar intensity values as measurements. This means that fewer DMD-patterns than the number of pixels can reconstruct the entire 3D-scene. In this thesis a computer model of the laser system helps to evaluate different CS reconstruction methods with different scenarios of the laser system and the scene. The results show how many measurements that are required to reconstruct scenes properly and how the DMD-patterns effect the results. CS proves to enable a great reduction, 85− 95 %, of the required measurements compared to pixel-by-pixel scanning system. Total variation minimization proves to be the best choice of reconstruction method.
Ööòòóññþþøøóò Øøøø × Ööööðý Ûöóòò Öóñ ××óöø Úúúú Øøøø × Øýôôôôððý Óóó´èööððññòòöý

For every > 0, we present a log-space deterministic algorithm that correctly decides undirected graph connectivity on all but at most 2n of the n-vertex graphs. The same holds for every problem in Symmetric Log-space (i.e., SL). Making no assumptions (and in particular not assuming the ERH), we present a polynomialtime deterministic algorithm that correctly decides primality on all but at most 2 of the n-bit integers. Using a plausible complexity assumption (i.e., that P cannot be approximated by SIZE(p), for every polynomial p) we show that, for every > 0, each problem in BPP has a polynomialtime deterministic algorithm that errs on at most 2n of the n-bit long inputs. (The complexity assumption that we use is not known to imply BPP = P .) All results are obtained as special cases of a general methodology that explores which probabilistic algorithms can be derandomized by generating their coin tosses deterministically from the input itself. We show that this is possible (for all but extremely few inputs) for algorithms which take advice (in the usual Karp-Lipton sense), in which the advice string is short, and most choices of the advice string are good for the algorithm. To get the applications above and others, we show that algorithms with short and typicallygood advice strings do exist, unconditionally for SL and Primality Testing, and under reasonable assumptions for BPP and AM.
Ten Years of Measurements of Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Water Vapor by MOZAIC. Part I: Climatology, Variability, Transport, and Relation to Deep Convection

Abstract Ten years (1994–2004) of measurements of tropical upper-tropospheric water vapor (UTWV) by the Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) are investigated over three regions—the tropical Atlantic, tropical Africa, and the Asian monsoon region—to determine the UTWV climatology and variability on multiple scales and to understand them in relation to moisture transport and deep convection. The seasonal migration of upper-tropospheric humidity (UTH) keeps pace with that of the ITCZ, indicating the convective influence on UTH distribution. Some significant regional differences are identified with the tropical Africa and the Asian monsoon regions being moister than the tropical Atlantic. UTH generally increases with height by 10%–20% relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) from about 300 to 200 hPa, and the differences are larger in the deep Tropics than in the subtropics. The probability density functions of tropical UTH are often bimodal. The two modes stay rather.
Comments on Gridsure Authentication

I dispute the worth of Professor Weber's analysis . Whilst his mathematical calculations in themselves I'm sure are flawless, t here are a number of tacit assumptions made that undermine its meaningfulness, mainly about the psychology of choice of patterns. Weber first selects a set of "l ikely to be chosen" shapes, including lines, ticks and boxes. On what basis is it argued that users are likely to pick these shapes? Intuitively we might want to believe that s quares, lines, ticks are all common, but it psychology results often defy intuition and eed to be properly researched. Secondly, Weber assumes that all alignments of comm n shapes are equally likely to be chosen, for example that a four digit line runni ng from left to right could start from the second column as well as the first. Beyond this , e combinatorics clearly say nothing about the relative likelihood of different patterns actually being chosen. So if we were to accept his assertion that there are 11,6 40 common patterns on the grid, it still is of huge significance that some of these pa tterns are more common than others. So the results of this report rely on psychology as sumptions that Weber has not justified, and totally ignores the wider issue of r elative probabilities of different shapes.
Electroencephalogram Measurement in Adapting Process to Inverse Vision

This paper describes investigation of the brain activity in an adapting process to inversion vision through electroencephalogram (EEG). In particular, we used Candle-like microneedle electrodes, which does not require any preparation for measuring high-quality EEG. Note that conventional wet electrodes require abrasion of stratum corneum and application of electrolyte paste as preparation for measurement of EEG and they give discomfort to subjects and take time for experimenters. In our previous study, the eye movement during the adapting process was measured and the progress of the process was successfully captured. In this study, we measured EEG during the pointing task under an inverse vision state to correlate the perceptual learning with EEG. We discovered that High β wave, Low γ wave and Mid γ wave had strong correlation with the process of adapting to inversed vision.
Rain forest tourism - estimating the benefits of tourism development in a new national park in Madagascar.

Travel cost and contingent valuation methods are applied to the problem of estimating the potential consumer surpltrs avai! abfe to international nature tourists from a rain forest conservation project in Madagascar. Data are derived from srrrveys of nature tourists in Madagascar and international, nature tolrrism professionals in the U.S. and Europe. Typical trip travel cost models are used to estimate changes in nature tourists’ consumer surplus when a new national park is developed for nature tourism. The results are compared with contingent valuation analysis of the willingness-to-pay of nature tourists to inclttde the new national park in their current trip to Madagascar.
Study of Low-residual Stress Amorphous Film Deposition Method for LiTaO3/Quartz or LiNbO3/Quartz Bonding toward 5G Surface Acoustic Wave Devices

LiTaO<inf>3</inf> (LT) or LiNbO<inf>3</inf> (LN)/Quartz bonded substrates with an amorphous intermediate layer were proposed to achieve both a large surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocity and a smaller temperature coefficient of frequency. Residual stress reduction of the amorphous film is expected to improve the bonding strength of a SAW substrate. In this report, we studied a method of low-residual stress amorphous film deposition for LT or LN/Quartz bonding. The residual stress of the LT substrate with an amorphous SiO<inf>2</inf> or Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> film deposited by ion beam sputtering, electron cyclotron resonance sputtering, and atomic layer deposition was evaluated. The LT substrate with the amorphous Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> film deposited by ALD had the minimum warpage (-0.152 μm) and residual stress (127.3 MPa). The residual stress of the Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> film deposited by ALD might be reduced because almost the same thickness of the Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> film was deposited on both sides of the LT substrate at the same time. The maximum bonding strength of 3.7 MPa was achieved in the substrate with the Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> film deposited by ALD. From these results, LT or LN/Quartz substrates with the Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> film deposited by ALD are promising materials to reduce residual stress toward SAW devices for 5G mobile communication.
Dynamic Transmission Policy for Multi-Pair Cooperative Device-to-Device Communication With Block-Diagonalization Precoding

This paper proposes a dynamic precoding and power allocation policy for mutually cooperative device-to-device (D2D) transmitter–receiver pairs that underlay a cellular system in the uplink. The cooperative transmission consists of two phases: a data-sharing phase (i.e., phase 1) and a joint transmission phase (i.e., phase 2). Multicast precoders are used in phase 1 and coordinated block-diagonalization precoders are considered in phase 2. The precoders are jointly designed to maximize the long-term utility of the D2D users subject to long-term individual power and rate-gain constraints and an instantaneous interference constraint at the base-station. The long-term objective and constraints allow cooperating users to adapt their resources more flexibly over time, but increase the complexity of the design. By adopting the Lyapunov optimization framework and by constructing virtual queues to record the temporal evolution of the system states, the long-term utility maximization problem can be decoupled into a series of short-term weighted-rate-minus-energy-penalty (WRMEP) optimization problems that can be solved efficiently. A low-complexity algorithm is further proposed for solving the WRMEP problem when multicasting in the data-sharing phase is performed by a spatially white input. Theoretical performance guarantees and a bound on the virtual queue backlogs are also derived.
SCORE FUNCTIONS FOR ASSESSING CONSERVATION IN LOCALLY ALIGNED REGIONS OF DNA FROM TWO SPECIES UCSC TECH REPORT UCSC-CRL-02-30

We construct several score functions for use in locating unusually conserved regions in genome-wide search of aligned DNA from two species. We test these functions on regions of the human genome aligned to mouse. These score functions are derived from properties of neutrally evolving sites on the mouse and human genome, and can be adjusted to the local background rate of conservation. The aim of these functions is to identify regions of the human genome that are conserved by evolutionary selection, because they have an important function, rather than by chance. We use them to get a very rough estimate of the amount of DNA in the human genome that is under selection.
Grasp Planning with Incomplete Knowledge About the Object to be Grasped

Robotic grasping in domestic environments is nowadays a topic of intensive research, since the big number of variables and constraints in a household scenario makes it a difficult task to accomplish. This paper addresses the problem of grasp planning in these situations. The first problem to deal with is the selection of the grasp pose for the end-effector - the position and orientation in which it should grasp the desired object. To tackle this issue, this work applies a method to detect grasp poses in point clouds with objects that may be unknown to the robot, followed by an approach to select the grasp candidate in terms of its appropriateness for a given scene. The second part of the grasping task is the motion planning that places the end-effector in the grasp pose. This involves getting an Inverse Kinematics (IK) solution for the goal arm configuration and a trajectory for the arm avoiding any obstacle in the scene. This was addressed by using MoveIt! framework together with an additional tolerance method to compute feasible movements. A comparative study regarding the used motion planners and IK solvers was conducted. We show experimental results of the pipeline, featuring the components mentioned above, which can plan and execute grasps with a success rate that may go up to 90%, depending on the scenario.