Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Realization of Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop for a Liquid Level with Open-loop Ziegler Nichols Technique

This paper presents the realization of a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) for a liquid level control system. Multifarious controllers that were proposed in the previous literature are constrained within simulation platform. Several advanced control configurations are implemented in the hard-wire platform that incurs complex programming and requires computational burden. These kind of control configurations do not permit the operator to tune the control parameter online. Moreover, the parameters inside the microcontroller are unobservable to the operators. As such, the need to implement a real-time HIL for a liquid level control system worthwhile to the operators. It gives intuitive configuration and user-friendly application to the operators because the tuning process can be implemented in didactic manner. Furthermore, the controller design phase can be conducted with lees programming burden. Implementing the HIL requires three phases. The tank must be calibrated to obtain a linear relationship between the voltage and the water level. Afterward, the open-loop Ziegler Nichols is exploited to tune the parameters of three term Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller. The controller is then implemented in the MATLAB SIMULINK platform in the host computer. The result shows that the proposed real-time configuration guarantees the asymptotic tracking of the demanded water level with only steady state error.
Toward a standard model of consciousness: Reconciling the attention schema, global workspace, higher-order thought, and illusionist theories

ABSTRACT Here we examine how people’s understanding of consciousness may have been shaped by an implicit theory of mind. This social cognition approach may help to make sense of an apparent divide between the physically incoherent consciousness we think we have and the complex, rich, but mechanistic consciousness we may actually have. We suggest this approach helps reconcile some of the current cognitive neuroscience theories of consciousness. We argue that a single, coherent explanation of consciousness is available and has been for some time, encompassing the views of many researchers, but is not yet recognized. It is obscured partly by terminological differences, and partly because researchers view isolated pieces of it as rival theories. It may be time to recognize that a deeper, coherent pool of ideas, a kind of standard model, is available to explain multiple layers of consciousness and how they relate to specific networks within the brain.
Characteristics of Learners of Turkish: Motivation, Investment, Beliefs, Autonomy and Strategies

This article describes a study into the multiple interacting factors which are involved in the successful learning of Turkish, the demand for which has been steadily increasing given the geo-political realities of the region at this time. The participants were 250 students of Turkish learning Turkish as a target language. A 12-item questionnaire was used which examined motivation, investment, beliefs, autonomy and strategy use on a rating scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The highest ratings were for motivation and the belief that Turkish is a good language to learn (median rating=5). None of the biographical variables (gender, age, nationality, length of study or length of time in Turkey) was found to be significantly related to the test score. The findings, which would seem to suggest that all of these multiple factors contribute to successful course outcomes, are discussed and compared with existing literature. Possibilities for further research are also suggested.
Head movement assessment of cerebral palsy users with severe motor disorders when they control a computer thought eye movements

Eye tracking is currently a promising technology to access computers for people who suffer severe motor disorders, like cerebral palsy. However, there is a lack of usability assessment procedures and concrete value to describe the user’s motor capabilities in this specific scenario of computer control. This paper presents a methodology, based on two head movement assessment metrics and the ISO-9241, for the quantitative motor description of users with severe motor disorders, when they control the computer thought their eyes. Seven participants with CP and three people without motor disabilities were recruited for the evaluation of the proposed procedure. Results evidence for the first time how users with CP control their head while they access a computer with their eyes.
Calculating the Shortest Path Using Dijkstra’s Algorithm

The Dijkstra's algorithm is an algorithm that determines the shortest paths needed to go from a starting node to any node in a graph. In this article, the process and results of an activity that included route formation among the provinces in the Aegean region using Dijkstra's algorithm are shared. The activity was designed based on a mathematical modeling process (real life problem, mathematical problem, mathematical solution, interpreting the solution). The activity was implemented with 15 middle school students attending a Science and Art Center. The students actively participated in the activity and throughout the lesson they tried to solve the problem. The students successfully implemented the algorithm and completed the problem solving process. Future applications of this activity can be planned by taking into account some student difficulties (e.g., simple erros, not drawing the route although the value of nodes are calculated correctly) observed in this application.
DNA vaccine based on conserved HA-peptides induces strong immune response and rapidly clears influenza virus infection from vaccinated pigs

Swine influenza virus (SIVs) infections cause a significant economic impact to the pork industry. Moreover, pigs may act as mixing vessel favoring genome reassortment of diverse influenza viruses. Such an example is the pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus that appeared in 2009, harboring a combination of gene segments from avian, pig and human lineages, which rapidly reached pandemic proportions. In order to confront and prevent these possible emergences as well as antigenic drift phenomena, vaccination remains of vital importance. The present work aimed to evaluate a new DNA influenza vaccine based on distinct conserved HA-peptides fused with flagellin and applied together with Diluvac Forte as adjuvant using a needle-free device (IntraDermal Application of Liquids, IDAL®). Two experimental pig studies were performed to test DNA-vaccine efficacy against SIVs in pigs. In the first experiment, SIV-seronegative pigs were vaccinated with VC4-flagellin DNA and intranasally challenged with a pH1N1. In the second study, VC4-flagellin DNA vaccine was employed in SIV-seropositive animals and challenged intranasally with an H3N2 SIV-isolate. Both experiments demonstrated a reduction in the viral shedding after challenge, suggesting vaccine efficacy against both the H1 and H3 influenza virus subtypes. In addition, the results proved that maternally derived antibodies (MDA) did not constitute an obstacle to the vaccine approach used. Moreover, elevated titers in antibodies both against H1 and H3 proteins in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) was detected in the vaccinated animals along with a markedly increased mucosal IgA response. Additionally, vaccinated animals developed stronger neutralizing antibodies in BALFs and higher inhibiting hemagglutination titers in sera against both the pH1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses compared to unvaccinated, challenged-pigs. It is proposed that the described DNA-vaccine formulation could potentially be used as a multivalent vaccine against SIV infections.
Good Workers and Crooked Bosses: The Effect of Voice Suppression by Supervisors on Employees’ Populist Attitudes and Voting

This study is the first to explore the effect of political socialization in the workplace on populist attitudes. We investigate the effect of workplace voice suppression on employees' populist attitudes and voting. We expect employees who were suppressed by supervisors to hold more populist attitudes and to be more likely to vote for a populist party than employees who were not. We argue that some employees experience voice suppression by supervisors as stressful, so splitting is likely to be employed as a defense mechanism. Splitting is achieved through cognitive distinction and antagonism between "the good workers" and "the crooked bosses. " Such a split mental framework can generalize into a worldview that contrasts "the pure people" and "the corrupt elite," a core characteristic of populism. We predict that the extent to which suppression triggers splitting and consequentially incites populist attitudes and voting depends on employees' acceptance of power distance. We test our hypotheses using SEM on survey data from 2990 members of the Dutch labor force. Our results show that experiences of voice suppression are positively related to populist attitudes and populist voting. As expected, this effect is stronger for employees who are less accepting of power distance.
Protecting the rights of the girl child: implications for educational psychologists

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the situation of violation of girls’ rights among Grade 9 learners in Johannesburg’s high schools, with a focus on how educational psychologists working with these children can help to protect the nurturance and self-determination rights of girls in schools as defined by the Convention on the Rights of the Child. A random sample of 148 girls from 13 urban Johannesburg schools in South Africa, aged between 13 and 16 responded to an open-ended questionnaire. The results showed that girls’ rights that were commonly violated were the right to be protected from abuse and harm, the right to privacy and the right to having various freedoms. The major perpetrators were family members, friends and school learners. Based on the results, implications and recommendations for educational psychologists are articulated in an effort to assist with the protection of girls from the violation of their rights.
Average Load Definition in Random Wireless Sensor Networks: The Traffic Load Case

Load is a key magnitude for studying network performance for large-scale wireless sensor networks that are expected to support pervasive applications like personalized health-care, smart city and smart home, etc., in assistive environments (e.g., those supported by the Internet of Things). In these environments, nodes are usually spread at random, since deliberate positioning is not a practical approach. Due to this randomness it is necessary to use average values for almost all networks’ magnitudes, load being no exception. However, a consistent definition for the average load is not obvious, since both nodal load and position are random variables. Current literature circumvents randomness by computing the average value over nodes that happen to fall within small areas. This approach is insufficient, because the area’s average is still a random variable and also it does not permit us to deal with single points. This paper proposes a definition for the area’s average load, based on the statistical expected value, whereas a point’s average load is seen as the load of an area that has been reduced (or contracted) to that point. These new definitions are applied in the case of traffic load in multi-hop networks. An interesting result shows that traffic load increases in steps. The simplest form of this result is the constant step, which results in an analytical expression for the traffic load case. A comparison with some real-world networks shows that most of them are accurately described by the constant step model.
A hope to trust. Educational leadership to support mature students’ inclusion in higher education: an experience from Surrey, England

ABSTRACT This article discusses a Transition Programme to support the inclusion of mature students in Higher Education. The Transition Programme was designed and it is currently provided by a Higher Education institution in Surrey, South-East of England. An outcome of innovative educational leadership, the Transition Programme’ successfully solved the paradox of selection for admission to Higher Education programmes, in particular with regard to mature students. The English Higher Education system offers an interesting case for discussion, being caught between the principle of inclusiveness within a ‘widening participation’ agenda and the contrasting selective principle of ‘recruiting with integrity’. The article is motivated by two main aims. The first aim is to contextualize sociologically, within a discussion on the related concepts of hope, trust and risk, the motivations underpinning mature applicants’ choice to enter Higher Education. The second aim of the article is to argue for the capability of educational leadership to generate positive change supporting mature applicants’ trust in hope for a successful inclusion in Higher Education.
Moderating influence of enculturation on the relations between minority stressors and physical health via anxiety in Latinx immigrants.

OBJECTIVES The Latinx population in the United States has grown rapidly, now standing at over 56 million people. Discrimination and acculturative stress have been found to affect the mental and physical health of Latinx immigrants, yet enculturation has been identified as an important cultural strength for this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations among minority stressors, anxiety, and physical health in a sample of Latinx immigrants living in the United States. A secondary aim was to examine whether the direct and indirect effects among these variables were moderated by enculturation (i.e., moderated mediation). METHOD A community sample of 202 Latinx immigrants completed questionnaires measuring these constructs. RESULTS Both acculturative stress (b = -1.68, p < .001) and discrimination (b = -1.69, p < .001) yielded direct effects on physical health, as well as indirect effects (b = -.10, 95% confidence interval [-.23, -.01]; b = -.21, 95% confidence interval [-.40, -.08], respectively) through anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Psychologists and allied health care providers are recommended to assess for the impact of minority stressors on anxiety and physical health when providing care to Latinx immigrants. Future intervention research targeting Latinx mental and physical health can consider ways to include innate cultural strengths like enculturation and partner with Latinx cultural centers, churches, and local communities to make enculturation more salient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
CROP CLASSIFICATION ON SINGLE DATE SENTINEL-2 IMAGERY USING RANDOM FOREST AND SUPPOR VECTOR MACHINE

Abstract. Mapping of the crop using satellite images is a challenging task due to complexities within field, and having the similar spectral properties with other crops in the region. Recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite has thirteen spectral bands, fast revisit time and resolution at three different level (10 m, 20 m, 60 m), as well as the free availability of data, makes it a good choice for vegetation mapping. This study aims to classify crop using single date Sentinel-2 imagery in the Roorkee, district Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. Classification is performed by using two most popular and efficient machine learning algorithms: Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). In this study, four spectral bands, i.e., Near Infrared, Red, Green, and Blue of Sentinel-2 satellite are stacked for the classification. Results show that overall accuracy of the classification achieved by RF and SVM using Sentinel-2 imagery are 84.22% and 81.85% respectively. This study demonstrates that both classifiers performed well by setting an optimal value of tuning parameters, but RF achieved 2.37% higher overall accuracy over SVM. Analysis of the results states that the class specific accuracies of High-Density Forest attain the highest accuracy whereas Fodder class reports the lowest accuracy. Fodder achieve lowest accuracy because there is an intermixing of pixels among Wheat and Fodder crops. In this study, it is found that RF shows better potential in classifying crops more accurately in comparison to SVM and Sentinel-2 has great potential in vegetation mapping domain in remote sensing.
Does Size Matter? Instructors' and Students' Perceptions of Students' Use of Technology in the Classroom

Aim/Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore whether students’ self-initiated personal technology use differ by class size as well as to explore students and instructors’ perspectives on whether students’ technology use in class is a problem. Background: Because class size influences several aspects of student engagement, it is plausible that class size would affect students’ technology behaviours, but, to our knowledge, no study has directly examined class size as a factor in students’ on- and off-task technology use. There is also a paucity of research on how the use of off-task technology affects instructors. Methodology: We surveyed all undergraduate students and faculty in one Faculty at a Canadian university in Fall 2016. A total of 478 students and 36 instructors completed the survey. The survey contained questions about students’ and instructors’ behaviours and attitudes towards the use of technology in class. Quantitative data were analyzed in SPSS and Excel and qualitative excerpts from short-answer questions on the survey were analyzed in NVIVO 8. Contribution: This paper demonstrates that students’ on- and off-task technology use in class is influenced by class-size. It also informs us on the impact students’ technology use has on instructors in the academic classroom. Findings: Student-initiated technology use increased significantly as class size increased. Students and instructors expressed little concern about the impact of class-related technology use on learning and views did not differ significantly between these two groups. Although both students and instructors believed off-task technology use hinders learning, their views differed significantly, with more instructors than students feeling strongly that students’ use of technology in class is a problem. Recommendations for Practitioners: We need to develop guidelines on how to address off-task technology use in class. Recommendation for Researchers: More research is needed to explore how the use of technology in class affects instructors. Impact on Society: Higher education industry needs to consider how to manage the use of off-task technology in class. Future Research: We need to explore further how to mitigate the factors contributing to the off-task technology use in academic classroom.
The Releationship Between Mindfulness and High-Risk Behaviors Mediated by Social-Virtual Networks

Background: High-risk behaviors are potentially harmful and threaten health and well-being of adolescents. Objectives: This study aimed to establish a causal relationship between mindfulness and high-risk behaviors mediated by socialvirtual networks. Patients and Methods: This descriptive correlational study utilized structural equation modeling (path analysis). The statistical population comprised all senior high school male students in Zahedan in the academic year 2017 2018. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan’s table, 370 students were selected using a cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools included Brown and Ryan Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (2003), Moghimi and Latifi Questionnaire on Effects of Being a Member of Social Networks (2015), and Zadeh Mohammadi et al. Risk-Taking Scale (2011). Data were analyzed using SPSS V. 22 and Amos with the path analysis method. Results: Model fit indices indicated that the causal model between mindfulness and high-risk behaviors mediated by social-virtual networks fitted sufficiently well. Additionally, the results of the path analysis demonstrated a negative relationship between mindfulness and high-risk behaviors and a positive relationship between the individual, social, and cultural-moral effects and high-risk behaviors. Thus, mindfulness affected high-risk behaviors via social-virtual networks. Conclusions: The results obtained from the current study showed the importance of the mentioned variables in having a tendency toward high-risk behaviors.
Plasma levels of IL-6 in patients with untreated major depressive disorder: comparison with catecholamine metabolites

Objective IL-6 and catecholamines play roles in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Aim The present study investigated associations between plasma IL-6 and plasma catecholamine metabolites in patients with MDD. Participants and methods A total of 148 patients (male/female 65/83, age 49.5±12.1 years) who met the criteria for MDD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV and 40 participants as healthy controls (HC; male/female 23/17, age 44.0±10.5 years) were enrolled in the present study. Plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, and plasma IL-6 levels were measured using ELISA. Results No correlations were observed among plasma IL-6 levels, MHPG levels, and HVA levels in patients with MDD. Plasma IL-6 levels in patients with MDD were significantly higher than in the HC. A positive correlation was found between plasma IL-6 levels and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 scores. Conclusion No correlations existed between plasma IL-6 levels and plasma catecholamine metabolite levels in patients with MDD, and the severity of depressive state was related to plasma IL-6 levels in MDD.
Performance and Security Mechanisms in Massive Scale Wireless Multi-hop Networks

The focus of this work is to explore Wireless Multi-hop Networks of massive scale. A growing number of applications are beginning to require large scale deployments, which introduces new challenges and opportunities in the area of Wireless Multi-hop communications. We identify a number of these challenges and make throughput, fairness and security the center of this study. We propose mechanisms to provide fairness and security in Massive Scale Wireless Multi-hop Networks (MS-WMNs), while making minimal compromises on the throughput. We first deal with the issue of fairness and throughput by deriving the optimal session rates that maximizes the proportional fair throughput in the three regular topologies and obtain their closed form expressions. This enables us to identify the optimal sending rates for each type of regular topology of the square, triangular and hexagonal lattice. With this, we compare the strengths and weaknesses of each deployment and make recommendations on the best choice of regular topologies for massive scale networks based on the size of the network. We also observe the variation in proportionally fair throughput on clustered regular topologies at different data event rates. Next, with regard to security in MS-WMNs, we develop a mechanism to counter the adverse affects of malicious Byzantine nodes in MS-WMNs. We identify an inherent security benefit of Analog Network Coding and develop a highly scalable decentralized neighborhood watch dog scheme, where every transmission is locally monitored by non-adjacent