Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic hemoglobin disorders rather than iron deficiency are a major predictor of hemoglobin concentration in women of reproductive age in rural prey Veng, Cambodia.

BACKGROUND Anemia is common in Cambodian women. Potential causes include micronutrient deficiencies, genetic hemoglobin disorders, inflammation, and disease. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate factors associated with anemia (low hemoglobin concentration) in rural Cambodian women (18-45 y) and to investigate the relations between hemoglobin disorders and other iron biomarkers. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 450 women. A complete blood count was conducted, and serum and plasma were analyzed for ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), folate, vitamin B-12, retinol binding protein (RBP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and α1 acid glycoprotein (AGP). Hemoglobin electrophoresis and multiplex polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the prevalence and type of genetic hemoglobin disorders. RESULTS Overall, 54% of women had a genetic hemoglobin disorder, which included 25 different genotypes (most commonly, hemoglobin E variants and α(3.7)-thalassemia). Of the 420 nonpregnant women, 29.5% had anemia (hemoglobin <120 g/L), 2% had depleted iron stores (ferritin <15 μg/L), 19% had tissue iron deficiency (sTfR >8.3 mg/L), <3% had folate deficiency (<3 μg/L), and 1% had vitamin B-12 deficiency (<150 pmol/L). Prevalences of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were 14.2% and 1.5% in those with and without hemoglobin disorders, respectively. There was no biochemical evidence of vitamin A deficiency (RBP <0.7 μmol/L). Acute and chronic inflammation were prevalent among 8% (CRP >5 mg/L) and 26% (AGP >1 g/L) of nonpregnant women, respectively. By using an adjusted linear regression model, the strongest predictors of hemoglobin concentration were hemoglobin E homozygous disorder and pregnancy status. Other predictors were 2 other heterozygous traits (hemoglobin E and Constant Spring), parity, RBP, log ferritin, and vitamin B-12. CONCLUSIONS Multiple biomarkers for anemia and iron deficiency were significantly influenced by the presence of hemoglobin disorders, hence reducing their diagnostic sensitivity. Further investigation of the unexpectedly low prevalence of IDA in Cambodian women is warranted.
The burden of relatives of psychiatric patients: Comparisons between parents, spouses, and grown-up children of voluntarily and compulsorily admitted psychiatric patients

As part of an ongoing study of the quality of the mental health services in two Swedish county councils, relatives of both voluntarily and compulsorily admitted patients were interviewed with regard to family burden. The aims of this part of the study were to investigate differences in burden between subgroups of relatives, differences in family burden between 1986 and 1991, and differences between relatives of voluntarily and compulsorily admitted patients. The relatives investigated consisted of 79 spouses, 118 parents, and 31 grown-up children. The results showed that relatives of severely mentally ill persons have a considerable amount of burden, of both an external and a psychologic internal nature. Subjective burden was generally more pronounced than objective external burden. Spouses had to a greater extent external burdens. Relatives experienced more internal burden in 1986 and more external burden in 1991. There were no differences between relatives of voluntarily and compulsorily admitted patients. It is concluded that the psychiatric services in their work with relatives have to consider the specific burden of different subgroups of relatives.
Household food insecurity is positively associated with depression among low-income supplemental nutrition assistance program participants and income-eligible nonparticipants.

BACKGROUND Food insecurity is associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Given that federal food assistance programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), aim to alleviate food insecurity, there may be heterogeneity in the association between food insecurity and depression by SNAP participation status. OBJECTIVE With the use of data from the 2005-2010 NHANES, we examined the associations between household food security and depression and whether these differed by SNAP participation. METHODS The study population was restricted to 3518 adults with household incomes ≤130% of the federal poverty level. Food insecurity was assessed with the 18-item US Household Food Security Survey Module; a score of ≥3 was considered food insecure. Depression was assessed with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and was defined as a score of ≥10. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the associations between food insecurity and depression, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. RESULTS The overall prevalence of depression was 9.3%, ranging from 6.7% among SNAP nonparticipants to 12.8% among SNAP participants. For every depressive symptom, there was a dose-response relation, such that a higher prevalence was observed with worsening food insecurity. After multivariate adjustment, food insecurity was positively associated with depression (P-trend < 0.0001), but SNAP participation modified this relation (P-interaction = 0.03). Among low-income, eligible nonparticipants, very low food security was significantly associated with higher odds of depression (OR: 5.10; 95% CI: 3.09, 8.41). Among SNAP participants, very low food security was also associated with higher odds of depression but at a lower magnitude (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.54, 3.17). CONCLUSION The complex relation between food insecurity and mental health may vary on the basis of SNAP participation status. Programmatic efforts to address the risk of depression among their beneficiaries may positively affect the mental health of low-income adults.
Developing methods to evaluate how people with Parkinson's Disease turn 180°: an activity frequently associated with falls

Purpose: To develop a test that identified fallers from their turning strategies, as people with Parkinson's Disease (PD) commonly fall turning. Method: We compared (1) Turn Types demonstrated when turning 180° during the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG Test) by 19 non-fallers and 29 fallers (median age 71) and (2) Turn Types, Turning Steps, Heelstrike, Stability and the Use of Space and Support demonstrated when turning 180° during an everyday activity by 15 non-fallers and 26 fallers (median age 75). Turns were rated from video by observers blinded to group. Inter-observer agreement was tested. Results: Similar proportions of fallers and non-fallers demonstrated multiple-step Turn Types during the TUG Test (69% v 58%; p = 0.433) and the everyday activity (66% vs. 46%; p = 0.241). When turning, similar proportions of each group lacked Heelstrike, lost Stability and used the available Space and Support (p > 0.7); Turning Step counts were also similar (p = 0.891). Inter-observer agreement proved acceptable except for Turn Type during everyday activity (Kappa = 0.46). Conclusions: The anticipated differences between fallers and non-fallers were not identified, perhaps obscured by insufficiently or overly challenging protocols and/or the compensations deployed by fallers. Further methodological development is needed in the analysis of fall-related activities with high-risk groups.
Enabling LivePublication

This paper presents a prototype implementation of LivePublication, a method of publishing which integrates live eScience infrastructure and scientific methods with dynamic natural language research articles. With the maturation of eScience infrastructure, bridging the gap between live computational processes and research articles becomes more tractable and brings long term value to the publication process. The prototype demonstrates the value of integrating computational processes with research articles and provides a first step into LivePublication research and development.
Working memory functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A comparison between subtypes and normal controls

Objective: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience working memory difficulties. However, research findings are inconsistent, making it difficult to compare results across studies. There are several reasons for this inconsistency. Firstly, most studies make no distinction between ADHD subtypes, despite evidence that predominantly inattentive ADHD (ADHD/I) represents a different neurocognitive profile to the hyperactive-impulsive subtype (ADHD/HI). Secondly, documented studies use different tests of working memory which may be measuring different skills. Some assess only the verbal components of working memory and others the visuo-spatial; few of the tests assess both. Further, some tests employ a recognition methodology and others use recall, which require different brain regions and cognitive processes. To clarify these inconsistencies, the verbal and visuo-spatial working memory of children with ADHD/I, ADHD/HI and a control group with no ADHD symptoms were compared. Method: The Automated Working Memory Assessment and Ravens Coloured Progressive Matrices were administered to 72 children (ADHD/I n = 27; ADHD/HI n = 25; control n = 20). Results: The ADHD groups performed similarly, but were significantly poorer than the control group in all aspects of working memory. Storage abilities were stronger than processing abilities, while verbal and visuo-spatial abilities were equally developed for all groups. Conclusion: ADHD-related deficits were apparent across working memory components, even when IQ was controlled for, suggesting a generalised impairment.
Estimation of under-reported visceral Leishmaniasis (Vl) cases in Bihar: a Bayesian approach

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major health problem in the state of Bihar and adjoining areas in India. In absence of any active surveillance mechanism for the disease, there seems to be gross under-reporting of VL cases. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate extent of under-reporting of VL cases in Bihar using pooled analysis of published papers. Method: We calculated the pooled common ratio (RRMH) based on three studies and combined it with a prior distribution of ratio using inverse-variance weighting method. Bayesian method was used to estimate the posterior distribution of the “under-reporting factor” (ratio of unreported to reported cases). Results: The posterior distribution of ratio of unreported to reported cases yielded a mean of 3.558, with 95% posterior limits of 2.81 and 4.50. Conclusion: Bayesian approach gives evidence to the fact that the total number of VL cases in the state may be nearly more than three times that of currently reported figures.
Calcium ingestion suppresses appetite and produces acute overcompensation of energy intake independent of protein in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND Prior evidence suggests that high-calcium intake influences postprandial appetite and insulinemia, possibly due to elevated incretins. In vitro and ex vivo models demonstrate that extracellular calcium and protein synergistically enhance secretion of incretins. This is yet to be shown in humans. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess energy intake compensation in response to protein and calcium ingestion. METHODS Twenty healthy adults (13 men; 7 women) completed 4 trials in a randomized, double-blind crossover design separated by ≥48 h. During the trials, each participant consumed a low-calcium and low-protein control preload [(CON); 4 g and 104 mg, respectively], a high-protein preload (PRO; 29 g), a high-calcium preload (CAL; 1170 mg), or a high-protein and high-calcium preload (PROCAL). Blood samples were collected at baseline and 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after preload ingestion to determine insulin and incretin hormone concentrations. Energy intake was assessed by a homogenous test meal 60 min after the preload. Visual analog scales were completed immediately before blood sampling to assess subjective appetite sensations. RESULTS Relative to the CON, the PRO produced 100% (95% CI: 85%, 115%) energy compensation, whereas the CAL produced significant overcompensation [118% (95% CI: 104%, 133%)], which was significantly more positive than with the PRO (P < 0.05). The PROCAL resulted in energy compensation of 109% (95% CI: 95%, 123%), which tended to be greater than with the PRO (P = 0.06). The mean difference in appetite sensations relative to the CON was not significantly different between the PRO (-3 mm; 95% CI: -8, 3 mm), CAL (-5 mm; 95% CI: -9, 0 mm), and PROCAL (-5 mm; 95% CI: -10, -1 mm) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of protein to a preload results in almost perfect energy compensation, whereas the addition of calcium, with or without protein, suppresses appetite and produces overcompensation of subsequent energy intake. The role of circulating insulin and incretin concentrations in these responses, however, remains unclear. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01986036.
Metabolomics: Which role in asphyxia and sepsis?

Metabolomics is a new “omics” approach concerning the high-throughput identification, quantification and characterization of endogenous and exogenous metabolites. This new technique is gaining consideration upon medical practice improving the single metabolite analysis as well as measuring the response to treatment in intensive care units. However, despite great efforts, very little research has new biomarkers or specific metabolic profiles, which characterize disorders such as asphyxia and sepsis. Here, we point out some of the recent works published in literature regarding the management of these conditions having high mortality and morbidity rates. The purpose of this review is also to highlight the ability of metabolomics to find early biomarkers for these conditions as well as to predict the development of side\effects due to the therapy. The goal is to demonstrate that the metabolomics technique can be considered a viable option for the study of these conditions, which may help to develop a better care in intensive departments.
Provision of 10-40 g/d Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements from 6 to 18 Months of Age Does Not Prevent Linear Growth Faltering in Malawi.

BACKGROUND Complementing infant diets with lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) has been suggested to improve growth and reduce morbidity, but the daily quantity and the milk content of LNSs affect their cost. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypotheses that the change in mean length-for-age z score (LAZ) for infants provided with 10-40 g LNSs/d from ages 6 to 18 mo would be greater than that for infants receiving no dietary intervention at the same age and that provision of LNSs that did not contain milk would be as good as milk-containing LNSs in promoting linear growth. METHODS We enrolled in a randomized single-blind trial 6-mo-old infants who were allocated to 1 of 6 groups to receive 10, 20, or 40 g LNSs/d containing milk powder; 20 or 40 g milk-free LNSs/d; or no supplement until 18 mo of age. The primary outcome was change in LAZ. RESULTS Of the 1932 enrolled infants, 78 (4.0%) died and 319 (16.5%) dropped out during the trial. The overall reported supplement consumption was 71.6% of days, with no difference between the groups (P = 0.26). The overall mean ± SD length and LAZ changes were 13.0 ± 2.1 cm and -0.45 ± 0.77 z score units, respectively, which did not differ between the groups (P = 0.66 for length and P = 0.74 for LAZ). The difference in mean LAZ change in the no-milk LNS group compared with the milk LNS group was -0.02 (95% CI: -0.10, 0.06; P = 0.72). CONCLUSION Our results do not support the hypothesis that LNS supplementation during infancy and childhood promotes length gain or prevents stunting between 6 and 18 mo of age in Malawi. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00945698.
Design and implementation of a secure cloud-based personal health record system using ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption

There is an acceleration of adoption of cloud computing among healthcare enterprises. In this paper, we design and develop a patient-centric, cloud-based personal health record system based on open-source Indivo project. The developed cloud-based personal health record PHR system enables patients to securely store and share their personal health records in a flexible way by using ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption mechanism.
Dietary Milk-Fat-Globule Membrane Affects Resistance to Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Healthy Adults in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study.

BACKGROUND The milk-fat-globule membrane (MFGM) contains phospholipids and membrane glycoproteins that have been shown to affect pathogen colonization and gut barrier integrity. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we determined whether commercial heat-treated MFGM can increase resistance to diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. METHODS A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 4-wk parallel-intervention study was conducted in healthy adults. Participants were randomly assigned to a milk protein concentrate rich in MFGM [10 g Lacprodan PL-20 (Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S), twice daily; n = 30; MFGM group) or a control [10 g Miprodan 30 (sodium caseinate), twice daily; n = 28]. After 2 wk, participants were orally challenged with live, attenuated diarrheagenic E. coli (10(10) colony-forming units). Primary outcomes were infection-induced diarrhea and fecal diarrheagenic E. coli excretion. Secondary outcomes were gastrointestinal symptoms [Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)], stool frequency, and stool consistency (Bristol Stool Scale). RESULTS Diarrheagenic E. coli resulted in increased fecal output, lower relative fecal dry weight, increased fecal E. coli numbers, and an increase in stool frequency and gastrointestinal complaints at day 1 after challenge. MFGM significantly decreased the E. coli-induced changes in reported stool frequency (1.1 ± 0.1 stools/d in the MFGM group; 1.6 ± 0.2 stools/d in the control group; P = 0.04) and gastrointestinal complaints at day 2 (1.1 ± 0.5 and 2.5 ± 0.6 GSRS scores in the MFGM and control groups, respectively; P = 0.05). MFGM did not affect fecal wet weight and E. coli excretion at day 2 after challenge. CONCLUSIONS The attenuated diarrheagenic E. coli strain transiently induced mild symptoms of a food-borne infection, with complete recovery of reported clinical symptoms within 2 d. The present diarrheagenic E. coli challenge trial conducted in healthy adults indicates that a milk concentrate rich in natural, bioactive phospho- and sphingolipids from the MFGM may improve in vivo resistance to diarrheagenic E. coli. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01800396.
Short Depression Screening Test for Patients with Epilepsy:CES-D with 10 Items

Objective: Depression is the most common co-morbid psychiatric disorder in patients with epilepsy. Yet it remains under recognized and under-treated. For depression screening in this patient need to a convenient questionnaire for patients with epilepsy. This questionnaire has shown high sensitivity for depression screening in many studies. The center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) has been widely used in studies of late-life depression. The CES-D is easy to use in most settings. Method: Two groups of patients from two hospital centers were selected to participate in this study: the control group and the experimental group which included patients with approved diagnosis of epilepsy, regardless of any type of seizures. Then all the subjects went through a semi structural clinical interview for (SCID-I) DSM-IV by one psychiatrist. Consequently, all the patients completed the CES-D 10 items questionnaire along with the interview. In the two groups, the CESD scale cut-off point was obtained using ROC analysis. Results: The optimal cut-off score of CES-D in the both group was . 3. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predicted values in the epileptic group were 86.4%, 55.3%and 60% ; and sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictedvalues in the control group were 72.7% ,68.6%, 38.3% respectively. Conclusion: It appears that CES-D 10 items is an appropriate tool for screening patients with epilepsy, particularly if the multi-stage screening system is used with other methods.
Manual of Histopathological Staining Methods

Change your habit to hang or waste the time to only chat with your friends. It is done by your everyday, don't you feel bored? Now, we will show you the new habit that, actually it's a very old habit to do that can make your life more qualified. When feeling bored of always chatting with your friends all free time, you can find the book enPDF manual of histopathological staining methods and then read it.
Milk Consumption after Age 9 Years Does Not Predict Age at Menarche.

BACKGROUND Regular milk consumption during childhood and adolescence is recommended for bone health. However, milk consumption increases circulating insulin-like growth factor I concentrations, and may also accelerate puberty. OBJECTIVE We prospectively investigated the association between milk consumption and age at menarche in the Growing Up Today Study. METHODS Study participants were 5583 US girls who were premenarcheal and ages 9-14 y in 1996. Girls were followed through 2001, at which time 97% of noncensored participants had reported menarche. Frequency of milk and meat consumption was calculated with the use of annual youth/adolescent food frequency questionnaires from 1996-1998. Intake of related nutrients was also measured. Age at menarche was self-reported annually through 2001. RESULTS During follow-up, 5227 girls attained menarche over 10,555 accrued person-years. In models adjusted for dietary and sociodemographic predictors of menarche, frequency of milk consumption did not predict age at onset of menarche (for >3 glasses of milk/d vs. 1.1-4 glasses/wk, HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.04). After additional adjustment for body size, premenarcheal girls consuming >3 glasses of milk daily were 13% less likely (95% CI: -3%, -23%; P-trend: <0.01) to attain menarche in the next month relative to those consuming 1.1-4 glasses/wk. Neither total meat nor red meat consumption was associated with age at menarche. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that regular consumption of milk in girls aged ≥9 y is unlikely to substantially affect age at onset of menarche. Studies assessing associations between diet in early childhood and pubertal timing may be more illuminating.