Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Searching the NCBI Databases Using Entrez

One of the most widely‐used interfaces for the retrieval of information from biological databases is the NCBI Entrez system. Entrez capitalizes on the fact that there are pre‐existing, logical relationships between the individual entries found in numerous public databases. The existence of such natural connections, mostly biological in nature, argued for the development of a method through which all the information about a particular biological entity could be found without having to sequentially visit and query disparate databases. Two Basic Protocols describe simple, text‐based searches, illustrating the types of information that can be retrieved through the Entrez system. An Alternate Protocol builds upon the first Basic Protocol, using additional, built‐in features of the Entrez system, as well as providing alternative ways to issue the initial query. The Support Protocol reviews how to save frequently‐issued queries.
The connection between innovation and business growth in the Hungarian SME sector

Researchers have been interested in innovation and growth for a long time. While macroeconomic models regarding the innovation and growth nexus are relatively well developed, our knowledge is still limited about the nature of connection in the firm level. Most business level examinations focus on the analysis of high growth high innovative firms in the high or medium tech sector. At the same time, much less is written about the majority of small and micro size firms that constitute the core of the economy. By relying on a representative sample of 500 Hungarian SMEs, I investigate the connection between growth and different types of innovation activities. It is presented that the connection between business growth and innovation is not linear but quadratic that raises the problem of causality. It means that stagnating business have the lowest level of innovation activity, and both negatively and positively growing businesses innovate more. This phenomenon is the most prevailed in the 10-19 and the 20-49 employee business size categories. A potential implication of this finding is the lack of future strategic focus: Some mall business owners do not innovate until they can maintain their level of sales. They do start innovating when growth begins to decline. The interrelation between growth and different innovation activities were further examined by cluster analysis that provided a very contradictory picture regarding growth and innovation. Only two cluster businesses, about 20% of the whole sample can be considered as innovative, however the business attitudes toward growth is ambiguous. There are some businesses aiming to grow without innovation and investment, and there was a cluster of firms where innovation served only to maintain competitive position. Whether these findings are only the specialties of the Hungarian SMEs or more general phenomena requires further examination.
Historical Influences of Volcanism and Glaciation in Shaping Mitochondrial DNA Variation and Distribution in Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout across Its Native Range

Abstract While Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri are probably the best known and one of the most extensively researched of all the subspecies of cutthroat trout, relatively little is known about their genetic structure and evolutionary history. In this study, we assessed the genetic variability and population structure among 50 populations of Yellowstone cutthroat trout over a large portion of their range in Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, and Nevada using restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing analysis of the mitochondrial ND1 and ND2 gene regions. Among the more than 1,000 samples analyzed, a total of 17 haplotypes were observed. These data indicate significant geographic structuring of the genetic variation between drainages and varying levels of reproductive isolation among populations within drainages. Much of this genetic structuring is clearly the product of long-term historical processes (basaltic volcanism and glaciations) that have isolated populations for.
H/sub /spl infin// design with pole placement constraints: an LMI approach

This paper addresses the design of H/sub /spl infin// controllers that satisfy an additional constraint on the closed-loop pole location. In the state-feedback case, sufficient conditions for feasibility are derived for a general class of stability regions. These conditions are expressed as a system of linear matrix inequalities (LMI). Mixed H/sub 2//H/sub /spl infin// design with root clustering constraints is also discussed. In the output-feedback case, similar results are obtained when the stability region is either a disk or the shined left-half plane. The validity and tractability of this approach are illustrated by a few examples. <<ETX>>
IMPLEMENTATION OF KOREAN GRAPHEME-TO-PHONEME RULES WITH MORPHEME ANALYSIS

- A pronunciation dictionary consists of words and their pronunciation, and is used for acoustic model training and the decoding of speech. This study proposes grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) rules to generate phoneme sequences of words by analyzing the phonological change phenomenon in Korean. A morpheme analyzer is used to generate parts-of-speech of words from input sentences that are required to apply the correct phonological changes. Experimental results show that the error rate of G2P with morpheme analyzers is 1.13%.
Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomes (Myzostomida, Protostomia)

When free-living organisms evolve into symbiotic organisms (parasites, commensals, or mutualists), their bodyplan is often dramatically modified as a consequence. The present work pertains to the study of this process in a group of marine obligate symbiotic worms, the Myzostomida. These are mainly ectocommensals and are only associated with echinoderms, mostly crinoids. Their usual textbook status as a class of the Annelida is generally accepted, although recent molecular phylogenetic studies have raised doubts on their relationships with other metazoans, and the question of their status remains open. Here, we reconstruct the evolution of their bodyplans by mapping 14 external morphological characters (analyzed using scanning electron microscopy) onto molecular phylogenies using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) optimality criteria. Rooted MP, ML, and Bayesian phylogenetic trees were obtained by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I, 18S rDNA, and 16S rDNA genes, separately and in combination. Representatives of 34 species distributed among seven extant genera were investigated. Our character evolution analyses, combined with recent ontogenetic and ultrastructural evidence, indicate that the organism at the base of the myzostome tree would have had six body segments and five pairs of polychaete-type parapodia, and that two lineages emerged from it: one comprising parasites, with large females and dwarf males, which gave rise to the extant Pulvinomyzostomum and Endomyzostoma species, and a second lineage comprising simultaneously hermaphroditic ectocommensals, from which all other extant myzostome taxa probably evolved.
Concepts before coding: non-programming interactives to advance learning of introductory programming concepts in middle school

ABSTRACT Background and Context: Learners struggle with conceptual understanding of introductory programming concepts such as variables, expressions, and loops. Objective: We examine whether and how designed activities for conceptual exploration support preliminary engagement with and learning of foundational and often hard-to-grasp programming concepts for students in grades 6–8. Method: Drawing on principles from dynamic mathematics, we developed a suite of non-programming digital and unplugged activities embedded in a curriculum before students engage in Scratch block-based programming. We conducted empirical research in three middle school classrooms in diverse urban US schools and examined student performance through mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Findings: Learning gains were significant and not predicted by grade, gender or prior academic preparation. Free-choice projects of students showed statistically greater (correct) use of key concepts compared to those not in the study. Implications: Our work demonstrates the promise of novel approaches such as interactive non-programming activities for deeper understanding of programming concepts.
Laser thermal ablation to treat a recurrent soft-tissue sarcoma of the leg: a case report

We present the case of a 52-year-old male patient with recurrence of a soft-tissue sarcoma of the left leg treated with percutaneous laser ablation. The patient received the diagnosis of sarcoma for the first time in 2011; further local recurrences and a pulmonary metastatic spread occurred during follow-up, so the patient has been treated several times with chemotherapy, limb-sparing surgery and radiotherapy. In September 2017, a new local recurrence of sarcoma occurred, for which limb amputation was proposed but refused by the patient. Laser ablation with ultrasound guidance was performed, with complete ablation at 6 months and limb salvage.
Determination of some ecological characteristics and economical importance of Vitex agnus-castus

This study was conducted in order to exhibit some of the ecological and economical attributes of Vitex agnus-castus, a typical Mediterranean plant. The study was conducted in two different stages. At first, soil samples of V. agnus-castus were collected from 38 different localities in the Western Anatolian part of Turkey during flowering to investigate the soil properties. It was observed that this plant generally prefers loamy-textured, neutral, and slightly alkaline soils poor in calcium carbonate, containing varying amounts of organic matter, moderate and rich in nitrogen, rich in phosphorus and deficient in potassium. In addition, the economical and ethnobotanical importance of V. agnus-castus was investigated. It was observed that the species is widely used as a pharmaceutical drug, as a dye plant, as a source of honey, as a material in basket weaving, and for ornamental use. It is used in landscape architecture because it is a shrub with beautiful flowers and aroma.
Linguistic studies using large annotated corpora: Introduction

Corpora have been used widely in modern linguistic research. Two notable features of corpus development in recent years are a significant increase in size and various kinds of annotations. Billion-size corpora are not uncommon nowadays. Efforts have been made to enrich raw texts with linguistic information, such as morphology, parts of speech (POS), constituent structure, semantic dependency, information and discourse structural status and so on. However, these developments, which took place primarily in the field of natural language processing, have not been maximally utilized in the linguistic research of languages in Nusantara.
Comparing social representations of the landscape: a methodology

Social representations (SRs) are systems of values, ideas, and practices that characterize individuals’ and social groups’ relationships to both their social and natural environment. Comparing SRs between places, social groups, and through time is critical to understanding how social-ecological systems (SESs) and their diverse uses are perceived, interpreted, and understood. This knowledge needs to be taken into account to achieve efficient land use management of SESs such as agricultural landscapes. People’s perceptions of the landscape are increasingly studied in sustainability sciences and a growing number of studies use the SR framework for analyzing differences in SRs between stakeholders and localities or for detecting changes over time. Robust methodologies able to compare SRs are required for this purpose. In this paper, we propose a modular approach to studying SRs from words collected from free listing tasks. This approach relies on standardizing definitions of frequency thresholds commonly used to assess SR content, consensus level, and structure. We then illustrate the value of this methodological approach through a comparative study of farmers’ social representations of the agricultural landscape among four contrasted social-ecological contexts in France. We show how our comparative method allows for characterizing spatial variations in SRs and identifying social-ecological factors that influence the structuration and content of SRs. Finally, we discuss our methodological progress and the implications of our results for public policies aimed at managing SESs and in particular agricultural landscapes for conservation.
Golden Mean Unification Via Fractional Statistics Leading to the Accurate Cosmic Dark Energy Density of a Cosmos with Pointless Geometry

We show that the central core function of noncommutative geometry, topological quantum field four dimensional fusion theory, E-infinity theory and anyonic theory are all unified in a golden mean number theoretical system. Subsequently it is demonstrated how this unification leads to a watertight confirmation of the E-infinity Cantorian theory results for ordinary and dark cosmic energy density of the universe   ( ) 1 22 O and   ( ) 21 22 D respectively. Effort is given to explain why our analysis is fundamentally based on a golden mean fusion function that goes back to the highly original proposal of fractional statistics. This analysis is most appropriate for eliminating gauge anomalies because it is a von Neumann pointless spacetime theory.
Innovative Communication Mechanism for the Psychological Well-being of Caregivers and Elderly with Dementia in the context of Thailand

Taksaya Watcharasarnsapa, Uthai Tanlamaib, Rajalida Lipikornc, aTechnopreneurship and Innovation Management Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, bDepartment of Accountancy, Chulalongkorn Business School Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, cMathematics and Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Email: ataksaya.w@gmail.com, buthai@cbs.chula.ac.th, crajalida.l@chula.ac.th
Does an External Auditing Process Deter Corporate T ax Avoidance? Evidence from Korean Privately Held Firms

We examine whether an external auditing process lim its corporate tax avoidance of private firms. Korean limited companies are exempt from ext ernal audits even though they are not different from privately held corporations in econo mic substance, allowing us to isolate the impact of external auditing on tax avoidance outsid e of public firms. We expect auditors play a valuable role in deterring corporate tax avoidanc e. To the extent that private firms exploit discretion in financial reporting in order to evade taxes, auditors will play a valuable role in deterring corporate tax avoidance by limiting this di cretion. Consistent with our expectation, we find evidence that the cash effective tax rate o f limited companies without an external audit is significantly lower than that of private c orporations. This finding is robust to a battery of sensitivity analyses using a propensity matching approach and size-matched pair designs. JEL Classification: M42, H26
Dusky Dolphins Influence Prey Accessibility for Seabirds in Admiralty Bay, New Zealand

Abstract Although seabirds frequently aggregate with feeding delphinids, the benefits to seabirds of feeding with dolphins have been rarely reported. We examined how dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) influenced prey accessibility for seabirds in Admiralty Bay, New Zealand. Interactions of dusky dolphins and seabirds were characterized during 335 feeding bouts of dusky dolphins (52 video-recorded underwater). Dolphins increased prey accessibility for seabirds because they swam under the bottom half of prey balls for 59% of passes that were within 2 m of the prey ball. During feeding bouts by dolphins, 51% of prey balls ascended, whereas only 13% descended. Dolphins also influenced prey mobility; only 24% of stationary feeding bouts became mobile after dolphins began feeding, and 17% subsequently became stationary again. Significantly more Australasian gannets (Morus serrator) were near mobile than stationary prey balls after feeding, but not during feeding bouts. This suggests that feeding gannets increase mobility of prey balls, but that feeding dolphins counteract this effect. Seabirds also used dusky dolphins to locate prey. Numbers of gannets, shearwaters (Puffinus), and gulls (Larus) increased during the first 2 min of dolphin feeding, even when other seabirds were not present. Gannets fed with dolphins for 40% of gannet feeding observations and shearwaters fed with dolphins for 24% of shearwater feeding observations.
Whole-exome sequencing analysis on products of conception: A cohort study to evaluate clinical utility and genetic etiology for pregnancy loss

Purpose: Pregnancy loss ranging from spontaneous abortion (SAB) to stillbirth can result from monogenic causes of Mendelian inheritance. This study evaluated the clinical application of whole exome sequencing (WES) in identifying the genetic etiology for pregnancy loss. Methods: A cohort of 102 specimens from products of conception (POC) with normal karyotype and absence of pathogenic copy number variants were selected for WES. Abnormality detection rate (ADR) and variants of diagnostic value correlated with SAB and stillbirth were evaluated. Results: WES detected six pathogenic variants, 16 likely pathogenic variants, and 17 variants of uncertain significance favor pathogenic (VUSfp) from this cohort. The ADR for pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants was 22% and reached 35% with the inclusion of VUSfp. The ADRs of SAB and stillbirth were 36% and 33%, respectively. Affected genes included those associated with multi-system abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorders, cardiac anomalies, skeletal dysplasia, metabolic disorders and renal diseases. Conclusion: These results supported the clinical utility of WES for detecting monogenic etiology of pregnancy loss. The identification of disease associated variants provided information for follow-up genetic counseling of recurrence risk and management of subsequent pregnancies. Discovery of novel variants could provide insight for underlying molecular mechanisms causing fetal death.
Functional properties of acid and salt extracted proteins of yellow peas (Pisum sativum L. Miranda)

Acid proteinate (AP), magnesium proteinate (MAP), and calciunn proteinate (CAP), extracted from yellow pea flour at different (13) pH and temperature levels, were evaluated. Nitrogen solubility index, least gelation concentration, fat adsorption, emulsion capacity and stability were determined
Ontogenetic Changes in the Bone Histology of the Late Jurassic Ornithopod Dryosaurus lettowvorbecki

ABSTRACT Histological changes through ontogeny in Dryosaurus lettowvorbecki are reported. Thin sections of femora are examined using light microscopy (ordinary and polarized light). The results suggests that Dryosaurus grew rapidly throughout ontogeny without any pauses in its bone deposition rate. This pattern differs uniquely from the histological descriptions of prior studies of growth series of other dinosaur taxa. This study provides support to the hypothesis that dinosaurs probably exhibited a range of physiologies and growth patterns.
Unsupervised Feature Selection Method for Mixed Data

In recent years, unsupervised feature selection methods have attracted considerable interest in different areas; this is mainly due to their ability to identify and remove irrelevant and/or redundant features without needing a supervised dataset. However, most of these methods can only process numerical data; so in practical problems in areas such as medicine, economy, business, and social sciences, where it is common that objects are described by numerical and non-numerical features (mixed data), these methods cannot be directly applied. To overcome this limitation, in practice, it is common to apply an encoding method over non-numerical features. Nevertheless, in general, this approach is not a good choice, since by coding data we incorporate a notion of order into the feature values that does not necessarily correspond to the nature of the original dataset. Moreover, the permutation of codes for two values can lead to different distance values, and some mathematical operations do not make sense over the transformed data. For this reason, this Ph.D. research proposal focuses on developing a new unsupervised feature selection method for mixed datasets. Keywords— Feature selection, Unsupervised feature selection, Mixed data
How to (partially) evaluate automated decision systems

Depicting the social impact of automated decision systems requires multiple interdisciplinary entry-points. In this paper we focus on the actual data and algorithms that produce specific outputs for the purposes of decision-making. The aim of this report is to outline the range of prominent methods that are used for auditing algorithms in data-driven systems and to also consider some of their limitations.
The influence of physical stability on spring, summer and autumn phytoplankton blooms in the Celtic Sea

The Celtic Sea extends from the south of Ireland and the St Georges Channel across the continental shelf, with the Bristol and English Channels as its eastern limits (Fig. 1) (Cooper, 1967). Although various investigations of the physical oceanography (Matthews, 1914; Cooper, 1967) and zooplankton (Russell, 1934, a, b, 1936; Corbin, 1947; and more recently Southward, 1962; Bary, 1963) of this area have been carried out, there is little or no information on seasonal changes in levels of chlorophyll ‘a’ and inorganic nutrients, and on the importance of tidal mixing in determining these distributions. Since the speeds of the tidal streams range from weak (∼ 0.5 knot) in the northern part of the Celtic Sea to strong (∼ 3 knots) around the Scilly Isles and Ushant (Fig. 2), the vertical stability of the water column as well as the duration of the seasonal thermocline (Pingree, 1975) are likely to be important factors in determining spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton production. In this paper the influence of water-column stability on phytoplankton distributions (in spring, summer and autumn) in the Celtic Sea is described, using data for temperature, salinity, chlorophyll ‘a’ and inorganic nutrients obtained during seven cruises in 1975. An account of the red tide conditions that occurred in late July to the north-west of Ushant has already been published (Pingree, Pugh, HoUigan & Forster, 1975).
OPERATIONAL CHALLENGES OF CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT AT TERMINALS OF LAGOS PORT COMPLEX, NIGERIA

The study aims at examining the operational challenges facing cargo handling equipment at privately owned terminals within the Lagos Port Complex (LPC), Nigeria. Primary data were collected through questionnaire survey randomly conducted on a total of 112 respondents who are staff of the private terminal operators at the port. The data collected were analysed using correlation and regression techniques of data analysis. The results of the regression analysis showed a high correlation value having R 2 = 0.675 with the dependent variable. It was further revealed that inadequate workshop facilities and misuse of equipment were the most significant challenges to the operation of cargo handling equipment at terminals of Lagos port complex. The study recommended that the strategies for successful operation of handling equipment should involve devising ways to compensate for a number of factors that, individually or in combination, act to reduce the efficiency of equipment.