Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Stage Recognition of Speech Emotion Using Sequential Forward Feature Selection

Abstract The intensive research of speech emotion recognition introduced a huge collection of speech emotion features. Large feature sets complicate the speech emotion recognition task. Among various feature selection and transformation techniques for one-stage classification, multiple classifier systems were proposed. The main idea of multiple classifiers is to arrange the emotion classification process in stages. Besides parallel and serial cases, the hierarchical arrangement of multi-stage classification is most widely used for speech emotion recognition. In this paper, we present a sequential-forward-feature-selection-based multi-stage classification scheme. The Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) and Sequential Floating Forward Selection (SFFS) techniques were employed for every stage of the multi-stage classification scheme. Experimental testing of the proposed scheme was performed using the German and Lithuanian emotional speech datasets. Sequential-feature-selection-based multi-stage classification outperformed the single-stage scheme by 12–42 % for different emotion sets. The multi-stage scheme has shown higher robustness to the growth of emotion set. The decrease in recognition rate with the increase in emotion set for multi-stage scheme was lower by 10–20 % in comparison with the single-stage case. Differences in SFS and SFFS employment for feature selection were negligible.
The Farmer and The Fates: Locus of Control and Investment in a Stochastic Production Process

Economists and policy makers alike often find themselves struggling to explain low levels of adoption for seemingly profitable agricultural technologies. This easily extends to technologies that stabilize yields in the face of weather and pest pressure. In this paper, I take a behavioral approach to explaining adoption and investment rooted in the psychological notion of locus of control, which captures the extent to which a decision-maker believes that her actions affect outcomes relative to forces outside of her control. I consider how locus of control affects neoclassical models of decision-making and test various pathways using primary data from smallholding farmers in Eastern Africa. In addition to a standard locus of control instrument from psychology, I develop a measure of locus of control specific to maize production. I show that farmers with more external locus of control are significantly less likely to adopt improved maize varieties. Using data on subjective weather expectations and risk attitudes, I present suggestive evidence that locus of control is not reflecting differences in preferences or subjective probabilities, but rather affecting beliefs about the production function
KLINGLER’S FIBER DISSECTION METHOD- AN ASSISTING APPROACH TOWARDS TEACHING NEUROANATOMY

Address for Correspondence: Dr Madhu Sethi, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, BSA Medical College and Hospital, Rohini, Delhi, India-110085 E-Mail: madhusethi567@gmail.com Background and Objective: The Klingler fiber dissection technique is a simple and less complicated method for identifying the fine structure of the white fiber tracts of brain. In this study, we have used classical fiber dissection technique by Klinger’s to produce white matter specimens which can be used for explaining anatomy of various white matter tracts to students. Materials and Methods: Five brains specimen removed from formalin fixed human cadavers (3 males and 2 female) were used in this study. Klinger’s fibers dissection method was used to obtain white fibers specimen. Dissection of the cerebrum was performed using wooden spatulas, fine curved metal spatulas, fine forceps. The white fibers were exposed by peeling brain with help of wooden spatula to expose the fibers. The dissection microscope was used to isolate small structures. Results: Using the classical Klinger’s technique, we were able to obtain a brain specimen depicting organization of various white fibres such as corona radiata, superior longitudinal bundle, association fibres with fibres passing in relation to lentiform nucleus. In another specimen, dissection of right cerebral hemisphere medial to lentiform nucleus showed continuity of white projection fibres of corona radiata as internal capsule. Fibres of corpus callosum were delineated in two specimens which displayed spatial disposition of its various parts. Conclusion: White matter fiber of brain are very important for understanding of function of the central nervous system function. The Klingler’s fiber dissection technique with other study material can successfully serve the purpose of the teaching of complex brain architecture of white matter. These dissected specimens will be more attractive to students, than the mere imagination of white fiber tracts during neuroanatomy classes.
Properties of the Edelman–Greene bijection

Edelman and Greene constructed a correspondence between reduced words of the reverse permutation and standard Young tableaux. We prove that for any reduced word the shape of the region of the insertion tableau containing the smallest possible entries evolves exactly as the upper-left component of the permutation's (Rothe) diagram. Properties of the Edelman-Greene bijection restricted to 132-avoiding and 2143-avoiding permutations are presented. We also consider the Edelman-Greene bijection applied to non-reduced words.
Rigorous justification of the Favrie–Gavrilyuk approximation to the Serre–Green–Naghdi model

The (Serre–)Green–Naghdi system is a non-hydrostatic model for the propagation of surface gravity waves in the shallow-water regime. Recently, Favrie and Gavrilyuk proposed in Favrie and Gavrilyuk (2017 Nonlinearity 30 2718–36) an efficient way of numerically computing approximate solutions to the Green–Naghdi system. The approximate solutions are obtained through solutions of an augmented quasilinear system of balance laws, depending on a parameter. In this work, we provide quantitative estimates showing that any sufficiently regular solution to the Green–Naghdi system is the limit of solutions to the Favrie–Gavrilyuk system as the parameter goes to infinity, provided the initial data of the additional unknowns is well-chosen. The problem is therefore a singular limit related to low Mach number limits with additional difficulties stemming from the fact that both order-zero and order-one singular components are involved.
Polar Bears and Seals in the Eastern Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf: A Synthesis of Population Trends and Ecological Relationships over Three Decades

In the eastern Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf, research on polar bear populations and their ecological interrelationships with seals and sea ice conditions began in the fall of 1970. Analysis of movement data from mark-recapture studies and tracking of adult female bears with satellite radio collars indicated that there are two populations of polar bears in the area, one that inhabits the west coast of Banks Island and Amundsen Gulf and a second that is resident along the mainland coast from about Baillie Islands in Canada to approximately Icy Cape in Alaska. Polar bears throughout the Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf were severely overharvested before the establishment of quotas in Canada in 1968 and the cessation of all but subsistence polar bear hunting in Alaska in 1972. Since then, both populations have recovered, and the population estimates currently used for management purposes are 1200 and 1800 for the Northern and Southern Beaufort populations, respectively. However, these population estimates are now dated and should be redone. Most female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea breed for the first time at 5 years of age, compared to 4 years of age in most other populations, and cubs normally remain with their mothers for 2.5 years prior to weaning. Heavy ice conditions in the mid-1970s and mid-1980s caused significant declines in productivity of ringed seals, each of which lasted about 3 years and caused similar declines in the natality of polar bears and survival of subadults, after which reproductive success and survival of both species increased again. The changes in the sea ice environment, and their consequent effects on polar bears, are demonstrable in parallel fluctuations in the mean ages of polar bears killed each year by Inuit hunters. In 1989, the decadal-scale pattern in fluctuations of ice conditions in the eastern Beaufort Sea changed in response to oceanographic and climatic factors, and this change has resulted in greater amounts of open water in recent years. In addition, climatic warming will be a major environmental factor if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase. It is unknown whether the ecosystem will return to the pattern of decadal-scale change exhibited in previous decades, or how polar bears and seals will respond to ecological changes in the future, but research on these topics is a high priority.
CoMPoSITIoN AND DIvERSITy of A RECENT MACRo-MoLLuSC ThANAToCoENoSIS fRoM A MEDITERRANEAN SANDy bEACh (SAN vITo Lo CAPo, NoRTh-WESTERN SICILy)

– Despite their diffusion along the Mediterranean coasts, recent shore-based dead mollusc assemblages (thanatocoenoses) have been poorly studied in their structure and composition. here we report data on composition and structure of a recent macro-mollusc thanatocoenosis (Gastropoda and bivalvia, size > 2 mm) sampled on a Mediterranean sandy beach. We sampled 79 species (653 specimens), 55 of them belonging to Gastropoda (n = 466, with 8 dominant species) and 24 to bivalvia (n = 147, with 6 dominant species). Margalef richness index showed higher values in Gastropoda compared to bivalvia, corroborating a general pattern known for the assemblages of the Mediterranean Sea. Whittaker plot and Preston diagram displayed the differences in diversity between these two orders. Probably the high heterogeneity of local substrates provides a large suitability of habitats and niches for these mollusc assemblages, so explaining these different patterns. Although analyses of thanatocoenoses have some limitations, these data might be used for biodiversity assessments, useful for future monitoring using comparable methods and research effort. MoLLuSC ASSEMbLAGE ThANAToCoENoSIS GASTRoPoDA bIvALvIA MARGALEf INDEx WhITTAkER PLoT PRESToN DIAGRAM 192 C. bATTISTI, f. CERfoLLI Vie milieu, 2016, 66 (2) between the two main taxonomic orders of marine molluscs (i.e. macro-Gastropoda and bivalvia), we tested these differences at the level of structural parameters of this thanatocoenosis.
Effects of Bull Age on Conception Dates and Pregnancy Rates of Cow Elk

Productivity of cows in many Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) populations of northeast Oregon has declined over the last 30 years. Numbers of mature bulls declined concurrently, suggesting a potential link that accounts for declining productivity. We evaluated the influence of bull age on conception dates and pregnancy rates of cow elk within a 78-km 2 enclosure on the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeast Oregon from 1989 to 1993. We allowed a single cohort of bulls to mature from 1 1/2 to 5 1/2 years and function as principal herd sires. Subsequent male offspring were reduced in numbers through hunting and trapping. We estimated conception dates, pregnancy rates, body condition, age, and lactation status of cows killed in December. Conception dates occurred earlier as bull age increased (P = 0.0001) and were significantly different between bulls ≤ 2 years and ≥ years of age. The rut became more synchronous and shortened from 71 days (n = 26) when breeding was by yearling bulls to 41 days (n = 33) when 5-year-old bulls were the principal sires. Pregnancy rates increased from 89 to 97% as bull age increased, but not significantly (P = 0.62). Cow body condition was highest (P = 0.004) in 1989 when breeding was by yearling bulls. To enhance herd productivity we recommend that elk hunting seasons be designed so that older bulls ( ≥ 3 yr) are retained in the population.
Injectable in situ-forming hydrogels for a suppression of drug burst from drug-loaded microcapsules

Here, we describe the preparation of microcapsule formulations using in situ-forming hydrogels to achieve desired therapeutic levels over a specific period. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-loaded microcapsules were prepared using a mono-axial nozzle ultrasonic atomizer with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 65% and a particle size of approximately 60 μm. Injectable formulations were prepared by mixing BSA-FITC-loaded microcapsules (Cap) and chitosan (CH), Pluronic (PL), or methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(e-caprolactone) (MPEG-b-PCL) solution (MP). All formulations were prepared as solutions and became gelatinous drug depot implants after injection into the subcutaneous tissue of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. While monitoring in vivo BSA release, we found that the initial burst release of BSA was retarded by in situ-forming hydrogels. The Tmax and Cmax values for each formulation were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than those of the BSA-FITC-solution alone. The absolute bioavailability of BSA-FITC from each formulation depended on the viscosities of the in situ-forming hydrogels. The viscosities of the in situ-forming hydrogels were considered to be an important factor influencing the initial burst and duration of BSA release over a period of several weeks. One conclusion that might be drawn from this work is that the initial burst and sustained entire release profile depend on the hydrogel properties. In conclusion, we believe the results of the present study provide potential new insights into sustained pharmacological performance and represent a useful experimental platform using in situ-forming hydrogels for future protein delivery research.
Weighted Finite-State Methods for Spell-Checking and Correction

This dissertation is a large-scale study of spell-checking and correction using finite-state technology. Finite-state spell-checking is a key method for handling morphologically complex languages in a computationally efficient manner. This dissertation discusses the technological and practical considerations that are required for finite-state spell-checkers to be at the same level as state-of-the-art non-finite-state spell-checkers. Three aspects of spell-checking are considered in the thesis: modelling of correctly written words and word-forms with finite-state language models, applying statistical information to finite-state languagemodels with a specific focus onmorphologically complex languages, and modelling misspellings and typing errors using finite-state automatabased error models. The usability of finite-state spell-checkers as a viable alternative to traditional non-finitestate solutions is demonstrated in a large-scale evaluation of spell-checking speed and the quality using languages with morphologically different natures. The selected languages display a full range of typological complexity, from isolating English to polysynthetic Greenlandic with agglutinative Finnish and the Saami languages somewhere in between.
Molecular and bioacoustic differentiation of deep conspecific lineages of the Malagasy treefrogs Boophis tampoka and B . luteus

Green-colored treefrogs of the genus Boophis (family Mantellidae) are a group of convoluted taxonomic history, mainly because of their low differentiation in external morphological characters and because the color and pattern of most species completely fade to uniform yellowish and eventually whitish after preservation, making it impossible to recognize the (anyway limited) interspecific color differences in preserved individuals (Köhler et al. 2007). However, given that these treefrogs have typically intense and species-specific advertisement calls, a bioacoustic species delimitation has proven to be very efficient to distinguish distinct evolutionary entities that in most cases were also characterized by high molecular divergences (e.g., Glaw & Vences 2002; Glaw et al. 2010). In the Boophis luteus group which includes all of the larger-sized Boophis species with translucent green dorsal color, Vieites et al. (2009) distinguished nine species and a further seven yet undescribed candidate species, one of which was subsequently described by Glaw et al. (2010). Similar to the situation in the genus Boophis, almost all nominal species of Malagasy amphibians are Herpetology Notes, volume 4: 239-246 (2011) (published online on 7 June 2011)
Handedness and digit ratio predict overconfidence in cognitive and motor skill tasks in a sample of preschoolers

In a sample of 141 preschoolers, ages 4 to 6, we find children display overconfidence in cognitive and motor skill tasks, a result that replicates that of adults. Both set of findings suggest the bias may not be learned behavior. Moreover, we find right-handed children to display more overconfidence in the cognitive task, whereas low digit-ratio children show more overconfidence in fine and gross motor skill tasks. Handedness polymorphism has been linked to neurological differences, and in literature low digit ratios are commonly associated with high fetal testosterone.
Acoustic Detection of Mallodon dasystomus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Persea americana (Laurales: Lauraceae) Branch Stumps

Summary Mallodon dasystomus Say (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae) is a pest of hardwood trees in the southern United States that recently began attacking trees in avocado groves in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The larvae feed hidden inside the tree, and adult attractants have not been commercialized; consequently, this species is difficult to find in field environments. It was of interest to consider the potential use of insect acoustic detection devices to help survey the magnitude and locations M. dasystomus populations in commercial avocado groves so that the extent of their economic damage could be estimated. An insect acoustic detection system was tested in 2 avocado groves on 11 trees suspected of harboring infestations. Four infested trees were identified and 6 were correctly classified as uninfested. One uninfested tree was classified as infested, possibly due to the occurrence of wind during signal recording. The use of acoustic methods to detect M. dasystomus can be of benefit in estimating its economic damage to the Florida avocado industry already facing losses from laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, Harrington, Fraedrich, and Aghayeva (Ophiostomataceae), vectored by redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Ploetz et al. 2017), and Fusarium (Hypocreaceae) dieback, vectored by Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Carrillo et al. 2016; Kendra et al. 2017).
Multichannel seismic reflection data from the southern part of the Japan Sea

We conducted marine seismic surveys using a multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) system and ocean bottom seismographs in the southern part of the Japan Sea including the western Yamato Basin, starting in 2014, as part of the research project “Integrated Research Project on Seismic and Tsunami Hazards Around the Sea of Japan” funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The objective in these surveys is to reveal the distribution of the active faults, and the relationship between the crustal structure and the tectonic history in the southern Japan Sea. In this data paper, we describe the acquisition and processing of the MCS data obtained by these surveys.
Social Impact Assessment along Russia's Northern Sea Route: Petroleum Transport and the Arctic Operational Platform (ARCOP)

THE OIL AND GAS RESOURCES of Russia’s Arctic regions comprise the world’s largest energy reserve outside the OPEC countries. The Arctic Operational Platform (ARCOP, 2003 – 05) is a research and development project supported by the European Union’s “Competitive and Sustainable Growth” programme. The ARCOP project has 21 participating organizations, from five EU member states (Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Italy) and from Norway and Russia. The ARCOP workshops have served as an industrial, scientific, and political forum throughout the project. Participants in the workshops discuss issues such as an integrated marine transport system, the economics of transport, the supporting infrastructure with regard to ice information, the legal status of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) in relation to petroleum transportation and shipping transport services, environmental impacts, and oil spill countermeasures. The social impact assessment (SIA) component of the workshops has focused on issues of environment and technology in relation to human populations along the Northern Sea Route. Its main task, implemented by the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, has been to carry out overview studies to assess the potential socio-cultural impacts of shipping along the NSR on indigenous peoples and small Arctic communities, with the purpose of highlighting the needs and priorities to be considered from a local perspective.
How Intellectual Property Management Capability and Network Strategy Affect Open Technological Innovation in the Korean New Information Communications Technology Industry

This paper analyses factors in open innovation activity in the Korean new information and communications technology (ICT) industry, with a focus on cooperation network strategy and intellectual property (IP) management capability, by applying multiple regression models with data collected from 300 companies within the industry. The results of this analysis suggested that the intensity and variation of a company’s technological cooperation with a new ICT company has a statistically meaningful impact on its innovation. In particular, the impact depended on the type of cooperation network. Though IP management capability was also shown to have an important influence on a new ICT company’s innovation, the impact of specific actions for IP management varied by the specific type of innovation results. This study suggests that new ICT companies need to construct technological innovation networks using multiple external sources and enhance their IP management capability in order to increase their technological innovation performance. The factors influencing technological innovation are elements of open innovation, indicating the open technological innovativeness of the new ICT Industry.
Cumulative Socioeconomic ( Dis ) Advantage and Metabolic Syndrome among Midlife Women

More than 20% of U.S. adults have metabolic syndrome (MetS). Among women, a strong predictor of MetS is their socioeconomic status (SES); the role of childhood SES is unclear. Using data from the prospective Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, we examined whether childhood and adult SES were associated with MetS among white and black women during 12 years in midlife. Childhood SES was measured by three latent classes. Adult SES was measured by education. We assessed whether the associations could be statistically accounted for by adult reproductive, economic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. We estimated odds of MetS at pre/early-menopausal baseline in 1996-1997 with logistic regression and incidence through 2010-2011 with Cox proportional hazards models. Women raised in “adverse” SES had marginally greater odds of MetS at baseline (odds ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.92, 2.31) than women raised in “good” SES, and women with a high school credential or less had significantly greater odds (odds ratio = 1.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 2.66) than college-educated women, in mutually adjusted models. The elevated odds partly reflected SES-related differences in exercise and alcohol consumption. Incidence was associated with education, not childhood SES, and unaccounted for by the adult factors. Cumulative Socioeconomic (Dis)Advantage and Metabolic Syndrome among Midlife Women 4