Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The aridity Index under global warming

Aridity is a complex concept that ideally requires a comprehensive assessment of hydroclimatological and hydroecological variables to fully understand anticipated changes. A widely used ( of ﬂ ine ) impact model to assess projected changes in aridity is the aridity index ( AI ) ( de ﬁ ned as the ratio of potential evaporation to precipitation ) , summarizing the aridity concept into a single number. Based on the AI, it was shown that aridity will generally increase under conditions of increased CO 2 and associated global warming. However, assessing the same climate model output directly suggests a more nuanced response of aridity to global warming, raising the question if the AI provides a good representation of the complex nature of anticipated aridity changes. By systematically comparing projections of the AI against projections for various hydroclimatological and ecohydrological variables, we show that the AI generally provides a rather poor proxy for projected aridity conditions. Direct climate model output is shown to contradict signals of increasing aridity obtained from the AI in at least half of the global land area with robust change. We further show that part of this discrepancy can be related to the parameterization of potential evaporation. Especially the most commonly used potential evaporation model likely leads to an overestimation of future aridity due to incorrect assumptions under increasing atmospheric CO 2 . Our results show that AI-based approaches do not correctly
Characterization of powdery mildew ( Leveillula taurica ) in globe artichoke

Globe artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.) is an economically important plant that is mostly grown in Mediterranean Basin in the world. In 2016 and 2017, chlorotic spots on adaxial surface but white fungal patches abaxial surface of leaves of globe artichoke were observed in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey. To determine causal agent of these symptoms, leaf samples were taken sporadically in 2016, 2017 and 2020. Based on morphological and ITS sequence data, the causal agent was determined to be powdery mildew fungus Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud. Pathogenicity test was conducted using seedlings of globe artichoke in a greenhouse. Additionally, infections caused by the fungus were examined in a two-year field study. Several surveys were carried out according to simple random sampling method and a total of 79 farmer fields (570 da) were screened in the region. Disease incidence and prevalence of the powdery mildew in 2016 were 14.2 and 36.1%, while they were 30.1 and 53.4% in 2017, respectively. Mean disease incidence and prevalence in the both years were 22.1 and 45.5%, respectively. The disease was previously reported on globe artichoke in Italy, U.S.A. , Spain and Egypt. To our knowledge, this is the first record of L . taurica causing powdery mildew on globe artichoke in Turkey and globe artichoke is a new host for L . taurica in Turkey.
Fault-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in regions with low strain rates and a thick seismogenic layer: a case study from Malawi

layer is 30–40-km thick, the instrumental catalog is ∼ 60 yr long and fault-based sources were recently collated in the Malawi Seismogenic Source Model. Furthermore, Malawi is one of several countries along the East African Rift where exposure to seismic hazard is growing, but PSHA does not typically consider fault sources. We use stochastic event catalogs to explore different fault source down-dip extents and MFDs. Our PSHA indicates that hazard levels are highest for a Gutenberg–Richter on-fault MFD, even at low probabilities of exceedance (2 per cent in 50 yr), whilst seismic hazard levels are also sensitive to how relatively short ( < 50 km) fault sources are extrapolated down-dip. For sites close to fault sources ( < 40 km), seismic hazard levels are doubled compared to previous instrumental-seismicity based PSHA in Malawi. Cumulatively, these results highlight the need for careful fault source modelling in PSHA of low strain rate regions and the need for new fault-based PSHA elsewhere in the East Africa Rift.
Multi‐band CPW fed MIMO antenna for bluetooth, WLAN, and WiMAX applications

In this letter, multi‐band coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna is presented for Bluetooth, WLAN and WiMAX applications. The elements of MIMO antenna are identical CPW‐fed printed monopole antennas whose bandwidth performances are improved by employing inverse U and meander line slots. In the design of the antennas, a low‐cost FR4 substrate is used and the size of the element antennas are optimized as 35 mm x 30 mm. According to the measurements, S11 is below −10 dB in 2.38 GHz – 2.52 GHz and 3.19 GHz – 6.44 GHz bands with 0.2 dB and 2.9 dB average peak realized gains, respectively. The element antennas are placed orthogonally and fed independently to obtain MIMO structure whose size is optimized as 42 mm x 62 mm. The performance of MIMO antenna is also examined in terms of diversity parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient and apparent diversity gain, which are lower than 0.02 and higher than 9.9 in the operating bands, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2182–2186, 2016
3: FOSTERING A GROWTH MINDSET

Centers for teaching and learning have a crucial role to play in helping faculty learn about and apply research on learning. The approach we have developed integrates discussion of recent research with specific recommendations of teaching modifications that can be adapted for different disciplines and courses. Preliminary evaluation suggests the effectiveness of this approach in fostering a growth mind-set about teaching-a mind-set that helps faculty develop, implement, and assess effective teaching modifications, thereby transforming faculty into scholars of teaching and learning and further developing a collaborative, innovative culture that integrates research on teaching and learning with the practice of teaching.
University of Birmingham The impact of flooding on property prices

In this paper we use a repeat-sales model to analyse the price path of properties affected by flooding in England between 1995 and 2014. Our dataset contains information on 4.8 million houses with at least one repeat-sale. This database is merged with high-definition GIS data delineating the spatial extent of all recorded flood incidents in England covering a total area of 2,654km 2 . Our results show that immediately after a flood event the price of property in a postcode entirely inundated by inland flooding is on average 24.9% lower than non-flooded property, whereas for property in a postcode entirely inundated by coastal flooding the price reduction is 21.1%. Nonetheless, we find that this discount is short-lived and the discount is no longer statistically significant for properties affected by inland flooding after 5 years, which falls to just 4 years for properties affected by coastal flooding. For lower-priced properties however, the post-flood price discount can be observed up to 6-7 years for both inland and coastal flooding. The magnitude of the impact also depends on the characteristics of the properties, the characteristics of the flood and the existence of flood protection assets. We also identify those
Structure-function studies with G protein-coupled receptors as a paradigm for improving drug discovery and therapeutic development

There are a great variety of human membrane proteins, which currently form the largest group of marketed drug targets. However, despite the advances in drug design, promiscuity between drug molecules and targets often leads to undesired signaling effects, which result in side effects from treatment. In this review, one family of membrane proteins – G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) – is used as a model to review experimental techniques that may be used to examine the activity of membrane proteins. As these receptors are highly relevant to healthy human physiology and represent the largest family of drug targets, they represent an excellent model for membrane proteins in general. We also review experimental evidence that suggests there may be multiple ways to target a GPCR – and by extension, membrane proteins – to more effectively target unhealthy phenotypes while reducing the occurrence and severity of side effects.
Multimicroprocessor-Based Multiloop Robust Control of a Dc Servo Motor with Large Load Variations

A multiloop feedback control system supplemented by a complementary controller is used to improve the drive performance of a dc servo motor and reduce sensitivity to parameter variations, nonlinear effects, and load disturbances. A software-based adaptive current-loop controller has been implemented on a microprocessor-based digital PWM controller. Experimental results based on multimicroprocessor implementation are presented to illustrate improved response and robustness of a direct drive dc servo controller applied to a single-link robot manipulator.
Exploring Formal Strategy Framework for the Security in IoT in e-health using Computational Intelligence

This chapter proposes a novel strategic framework and computationally intelligent model to measure possible vulnerabilities for security context in e-health. The essential input is provided from interconnected wireless sensors under Internet of Health (IoT) paradigm and intelligent social insects that could sense the possibility of threats for a patient moving in di ﬀ erent physical locations during his medical diagnosis. Social insect ants can sense and communicate through a chemical, known as pheromone, remotely from their nest towards collection of food. Modeling the pheromone dynamics can be a precise measure to quantify the di ﬀ erent e-health security issues like Sinkhole threat or sybil attack under IoT environment. The proposed pheromone alert is presented and compared statistically in terms of precision, recall to identify the classiﬁcation of possible vulnerability.
Automated test case and test driver generation for embedded software

The growing complexity of embedded software, led up to more and more difficulty in testing such systems. This paper presents a method and a tool for automated test generation from precise UML Model of the System under test. This method uses cause-effect analysis and boundary computation to produce test cases as sequences of operation invocations. This method is embedded in a model-based test generator which has been exercised on several applications in the domains of smart card software, e-banking, automotive and safety critical systems. In all these applications, the UML model is used for automatic test generation by the validation team. Using an accurate UML model for testing has been shown to be cost-effective, and has the advantages that it can be tailored towards the desired test objectives. This paper focuses on showing the application of this test generation process from formal models in the context of embedded software. We describe how the test generation can be controlled by using several model coverage criteria. These criteria are of three kinds: multiple condition coverage, boundary-value coverage and behaviour coverage. This makes it possible to generate a systematic minimal test suite achieving strong coverage results. The test engineer chooses the criteria depending on the application test objectives and then fully controls the test generation process.
Approaches to a business negotiation : case study: teamwork, humour and teaching

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.6 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS.7 1 OVERVIEW OF THE DISSERTATION.8 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 9 2.1 Approaches to analysing spoken discourse at the workplace . 9 2.2 Research on business negotiations.11 2.3 Teamwork as a linguistic problem.13 2.4 Intercultural business communication . 14 2.5 Previous research on humour.15 2.6 Teaching negotiating in a business context . 16 3 OVERALL STRUCTURE AND AIMS OF THE DISSERTATION . 18 4 DATA AND METHODOLOGY.19 4.1 Description of the data . 19 4.2 Discourse structure of the data.21 4.3 Methodology of Studies 1, 2 and 3 . 25 4.3. 1 Study 1 . 25 4.3. 2 Study 2 . 26 4.3. 3 Study 3 . 27 5 RESULTS . 27 5.1 Study 1 . 28 5.2 Study 2 . 29 5.3 Study 3 . 31 6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS . 32 BIBLIOGRAPHY.34 APPENDIX 1: TRANSCRIPTION CONVENTIONS.40 APPENDIX 2: ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS . 41
A review of adiabatic computing

We explain (a) why people want a low-energy computer; (b) under what conditions there is-or is not-an irreducible energy per computation for CMOS circuits; (c) partial versus full adiabatic computation, and their relationship to logically reversible computation; (d) various schemes for achieving adiabatic operation.
Transduction of Cytochrome P3-450 by Retroviruses: Constitutive Expression of Enzymatically Active Microsomal Hemoprotein in Animal Cells*

Cell lines were established which produce replica-tion-defective ecotropic and amphotropic host range recombinant retroviruses containing the cDNA for mouse cytochrome P3-450 as well as the bacterial Neo gene for G418 resistance. The G418-resistant clones derived from virus-infected cultures were analyzed for the expression, subcellular localization, and catalytic activities of the cytochrome P3-450. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNAs indicates that the viral DNA was stably integrated into the cellular DNA. Western blot analysis of the proteins showed that the size of the constitutively expressed product was M, 54,000, indistinguishable from the cytochrome P3-450 found in mouse liver microsomes. Spectral character- ization of the P3-450 proteins indicates that the newly synthesized apoprotein incorporated heme and inte- grated into the microsomes. Enzymatic analysis of the cell homogenates in vitro and of the dividing cells in situ showed very high acetanilide hydroxylase activity and very low aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, a diagnostic feature of the cytochrome P3-450. The precise transmission of the recombinant retroviral se- quences into the target cells and the exceptional fidel-ity of expression of the enzyme in cells will allow the analysis of an increasing number of cloned genes of cytochrome P-450s by defining the individual enzyme specificities, their physiological role in cells, and consequences of their functional expression, such as in toxicity, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis. The cytochromes P-450 are
Closed Form Solutions for a Game of Macroeconomic Policy in a Two-Party System (cid:3)

The very in(cid:13)uential paper, Alesina (1987), models the interaction of political candidates with objectives concerning in(cid:13)ation and unemployment as a repeated game. We derive the exact closed form expressions related to this game and compare them with the results obtained by who used an approximation.
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Some Azo Dyes in Allium cepa Root Tip Cells

: Azo dyes ( AD-1, AD-2) were synthesized from the reaction diazonium salts of the aromatic amines salt with the enaminone derivative. The chemical structure of the synthesized novel azo dye ( AD-2 ) was characterized by elemental analysis and other spectral techniques (FTIR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR). Azo dyes are used frequently in the industry and pose a great danger especially for water resources. In this respect, azo dyes threaten many products indirectly in agricultural applications. In this study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of potential azo dyes ( AD-1 , AD-2 ) that can be used in industrial applications were determined using Allium test system in five different concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µM). As a result of the cytogenetic analyzes, it was determined that both azo dyes significantly reduced the number of divisions of A. cepa cells and caused chromosomal abnormalities in dividing cells. As a result, in this research, it is emphasized that the azo dyes ( AD-1 , AD-2 ), which are potentially used in the industry, cause genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in the living structures.
An improvement on the PI controller for a class of high-order unstable delayed systems: Application to a thermal process

: This work addresses the stabilization and control problem of a class of input-output delayed unstable linear systems, i.e. n -order systems with one unstable pole and possibly one minimum phase zero. The problem is solved employing a modified version of the traditional PI , called the f PI controller, which incorporates a low-pass first order filter. This new scheme allows improving the existing results using the PI controller for high-order systems with time delay. The proposed control strategy is experimentally assessed through the temperature control of an unstable heat flow process.
yroid PCR Amplification for N-ras Mutations Diseases in Neoplastic

We analyzed point mutations of N-ras protooncogene codon 61 in thyroid neoplasms by means of a mutation-specific PCR method. In this method, one of the paired primers has a base at the 3' terminal that is complementary to a mutated base of the DNA sequence to be analyzed. With this primer, only alleles which have the same mutation can be amplified. Among 24 thyroid tissues, we detected 2 point mutations out of 7 follicular carcinomas (29%). One tumor had a cytosine to adenine substitution mutation at the first base of codon 61, and the other had an adenine to guanine substitution mutation in the second base of the same codon. The same mutations were not detected in 7 follicular adenomas or 1 papillary carcinoma. These results were confirmed by both dot blot hybridization and direct sequencing method. Mutation of N-ras codon 61 may be significant in malignant transformation of follicular thyroid tumors. Because of its easy availability, the mutation-specific PCR method is a useful screening test for N-ras mutations. Key wor ds: Mutation specific PCR, Follicular carcinoma of thyroid, N-ras oncogene. (Endocrine Journal 41: 301-308,1994) THE POLYMERASE chain reaction (PCR) technique allows for the detection of DNA sequence abnormalities with minimal amounts of tissue [1]. With the general acceptance of the PCR technique, it has been shown that gene mutations are responsible for a variety of diseases. Cancer is one of the major diseases where gene mutation plays an important role. Malignant transformation has been demonstrated to be caused by several factors, such as the activation of protooncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes [2]. For example, in the formation of colon cancer, five abnormalities of genes, which are mutation of ras, inactivation of APC, P53, DCC and an unknown gene on chromosome 22, are thought to participate in [3-8]. In thyroid carcinoma, the activation of ras oncogene, inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, and mutation of ret gene have been identified [9-14]. In follicular carcinoma, point mutations in codons 12,13 or 61 of ras genes have been identified with an incidence of 20%-70%. The incidence of ras gene abnormalities varies in accordance with tumor progression [15-17]. Ras genes code for sub group of G proteins, which are of low molecular weight (MW: 21,000) and regulate the signal transduction from cell membrane receptors to effectors [18-19]. Mutations in ras genes result in continuous activation of ras-p21 proteins, and lead to excessive accumulation of target proteins, causing malignant transformation [20]. Dot blot hybridization for PCR products is often used to detect point mutations [21] and this Received: November 26, 1993 Accepted: February 18, 1994 Correspondence to: Dr. Matsuo TANIYAMA, Third Dept. of Internal Medicine, Showa University Hospital, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142, Japan
The Effect of Mind Wandering on Risk Tolerance and Money Management Behaviors

: Mind wandering is a state of mind which impairs concentration via vision and thought raids about past or future, and creates an erosion in the task performance. Results in recent mind wandering studies show; deterioration in reading speed and comprehension, poor driving experiences leading to accidents, disrupted performance of working memory, and negative mood swings resulting with lesser happiness. However, findings of recent research demonstrate that wandering mind can increase critical thinking and improve creative problem-solving abilities. Another area which demands focus, and requires critical thinking is surely financial decisions. Although some market agents classify themselves as the most risk averse, their risk appetites can be high in reality. The effect of the wandering mind should be noted in the formation of these behavioral inconsistencies among investors. Wandering mind studies make very rare appearances in the field of behavioral finance until recent years. Main motive of this study is to demonstrate the potential effect of wandering mind on risk taking and money management behaviors of investors. The prediction role of mind wandering on risk tolerance and money management behavior is investigated on 226 university students in Turkey, who are in the field of financial management and investment planning, thus can be seen as future investors. Structural Equation Modeling results show that wandering mind effected subjects both risk tolerance and money management behaviors negatively. These findings are in line with international literature. In addition, mind wandering explained the variance of risk tolerance and money management behavior by 31% and 2%, respectively.
Supplementation of lamb ewes with different protein sources in deferred marandu palisadegrass ( Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu) pasture

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different protein sources on the performance of lamb ewes and their offspring supplemented in deferred pasture. The treatments were the different protein sources: soybean meal, cotton cake, babassu cake and coconut cake. The ewes were weighed and evaluated for their body condition score during the gestation, parturition and weaning phases. The lambs were weighed at birth and at weaning. The structural variables and chemical composition of the pasture were evaluated during the usage period. Grass height and forage mass were higher when the ewes were in the gestation and weaning stages. The leaf mass was not altered during the pasture usage with a mean value of 566.1kg ha -1 DM. The highest levels of crude protein in the leaf blade were observed during the parturition and weaning phases. The body weight of the ewes did not differ between the sources with averages 45.0, 39.9 and 36.6kg for the gestation, parturition and weaning phases, respectively. Weights at birth and at weaning had an effect from protein sources, with the highest values observed in the lambs of ewes who received soybean meal and babassu cake supplementation. The lambs of ewes supplemented with soybean had higher average daily gain and total gain. Babassu, coconut and cotton cakes can replace soybean meal in supplementation of ewes in deferred pasture.