Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Study of Health Information -Seeking Barriers among Mastectomy Patients

Background: Health information-seeking behavior (HISB) plays a key role in self-care management, promoting quality of life and improving health. However, some individual and contextual barriers hinder women undergoing mastectomy access to needed information. Identifying and removing health information-seeking barriers for these women undergoing mastectomy can lead to improving their health outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the health information-seeking barriers for women with breast cancer after mastectomy. Materials and Methods: This was a conventional qualitative content analysis in which the participants were selected through purposive sampling based on the study inclusion criteria from two hospitals of Shahid Mohammadi and Persian Gulf and Chemotherapy Center of Omid in Bandar Abbas. The study population consisted of 17 women with breast cancer after mastectomy. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Results: Seven main themes were introduced as three individual barriers, including fear, shame and embarrassment and inadequate health literacy and four contextual barriers of economic status, physicians and medical staff, lack of accessibility of information sources and the behavior of those around them that were the underlying factors to explain the barriers of health information seeking in mastectomized women. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the need for further attention from Iranian authorities to health care, especially women’ health care institutions, to reform the health system and remove their health information -seeking barriers.
Systematic map of conservation psychology

Conservation science and practice commonly draw on the theories and methods of social psychology to explain human cognition, emotion, and behavior germane to biodiversity conservation. We created a systematic map of the cross‐disciplinary conservation science literature, which draws on social psychology concepts and methods in their application broadly described as conservation psychology. Established protocols were used to systematically collect and collate peer‐reviewed research published in an explicit selection of multidisciplinary conservation journals. We sought to catalog the literature, elucidate trends and gaps, and critically reflect on the state of conservation psychology and its research practices that aim to influence conservation outcomes. The volume of publications per year and per decade increased from 1974 to 2016. Although a diversity of research designs and methods was applied, studies disproportionately focused on specific concepts (attitudes and beliefs), locations (North America and Europe), and contexts (terrestrial, rural). Studies also tended to be descriptive, quantitative, and atheoretical in nature. Our findings demonstrate that although conservation psychology has generally become more visible and prominent, it has done so within a limited space and suggest that disciplinary research principles and reporting standards must be more universally adopted by traditional and multidisciplinary conservation journals to raise the floor of empirical research.
WISC‐V Profiles and Their Correlates in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Report from the ELENA Cohort

The intellectual functioning of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) has not been widely studied. However, marked heterogeneity in assessment measures, samples, and results has been an obstacle for the generalization of findings. We aimed to (a) describe WISC‐V intellectual functioning in a sample of children with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual developmental disorder, (b) identify WISC‐V profiles, and (c) explore whether WISC‐V intellectual functioning is related to ASD symptom severity and adaptive skills. Our sample consisted of 121 children from 6 to 16 years of age with ascertained ASD without an intellectual developmental disorder (IDD). The intellectual functioning of the participants was within the average range. Intra‐individual analysis showed that children with ASD performed better on visual than auditory working‐memory tasks. Moreover, the intellectual functioning of the participants correlated negatively with ASD symptom severity but positively with adaptive communication skills. Overall, we identified six intellectual profiles according to verbal and reasoning skills. These findings highlight the relevance of WISC‐V assessment for children with ASD without an IDD to individualize intervention, especially remediation.
T-STAT for detecting autism spectrum disorder in toddlers aged 18–24 months

Two studies were conducted to examine the use of the Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds for detecting autism spectrum disorder in toddlers aged 18–24 months. Study 1 used receiver operating characteristics to select a cutoff score for the Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds. It involved two groups of 16 toddlers each, one group with toddlers having autism spectrum disorder and the other group with chronological and mental age-matched toddlers with developmental delay. The result suggested that a cutoff of 2.50 would yield high sensitivity and specificity. In Study 2, we recruited 136 toddlers—30 with autism spectrum disorder, 33 with mild-autism spectrum disorder, and 73 with developmental delay. Using 2.50 as the cutoff score, the concurrent agreement between Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds risk and clinical diagnosis and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule yielded high sensitivity and specificity. The results of this study indicated that the Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds can be used as a Level 2 autism-specific screening tool for the 18–24 months age group. Lay abstract The benefits of early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder highlight the importance of early diagnosis. Reliable diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder can be made before 24 months of age. However, many children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at a later age. Delayed diagnosis can occur for children with less severe symptoms and lead to missed opportunities for early intervention. This current study was executed to examine the Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds in detecting autism spectrum disorder in toddlers between 18 and 24 months of age. One strength of this study was the inclusion of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder or mild-autism spectrum disorder using the strict and relaxed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) criteria for autism spectrum disorder simultaneously. The results of this study supported that diagnosis of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder could be made reliable before 24 months of age. And the Taiwanese version of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds was a Level 2 autism-specific screening tool for toddlers aged from 18 to 24 months in Taiwan.
Subtype Specific Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Incidence and Survival Trends: Differences between Endemic and Non-Endemic Populations

Background: While nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in non-endemic regions such as the North America, endemic countries, such as Thailand, continue to struggle with high incidence and mortality rates. NPC has a complex etiology that varies by histological subtype. Methods: NPC cases (1990-2014) were identified using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) code C11 from the Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, Lampang, and Songkhla cancer registries and compared to Asian/Pacific Islanders (A/PI) from the US SEER program. Age-standardized incidence rates and changes in annual percent change (APC) for overall and subtype specific NPC were assessed using R and Joinpoint. Kaplan Meier curves were generated in SAS to evaluate differences in survival by sex, year of diagnosis and histological subtype. Five-year relative survival estimates were calculated between 2000-2014. Results: Non-keratinizing NPC predominated across all registries except Songkhla, where the keretinizing subtype made up ~60% of all reported cases. Incidence of keratinizing NPC significantly decreased among Chiang Mai males between 1996 and 2014 (APC:-13.0 [95%CI:-16.2, -9.6]), Songkhla females (APC:-4.0 [95%CI: -7.4, -0.5]) and males between 2006 and 2014 (APC:-15.5 [95%CI:-25.0, -4.7]), as well as A/PI females (APC:-5.1 [95%CI:-6,7, -3.4]) and males (APC: -4.8 [95%CI:-5.9, -3.7]). Non-keratinizing NPC increased among Songkhla males (APC:4.3 [95%CI:1.8, 6.9]). The keratinizing subtype exhibited the worst survival, while the non-keratinizing undifferentiated subtype had the best survival. Although US A/PI had the highest 5-year relative survival estimates, among the Thai registries Chiang Mai had the best and Lampang the worst survival. Conclusion: Although US A/PIs exhibited similar rates of NPC as seen in the endemic Thai population, improved tobacco control has led to a decrease in keratinizing NPC incidence irrespective of geography. Additionally, while challenges associate with access to care may still exist among rural Thais, chemoradiation was shown to confer a survival benefit in non-keratinizing NPC treatment.
Landscape Composition and Fungicide Exposure Influence Host–Pathogen Dynamics in a Solitary Bee

Abstract Both ecosystem function and agricultural productivity depend on services provided by bees; these services are at risk from bee declines which have been linked to land use change, pesticide exposure, and pathogens. Although these stressors often co-occur in agroecosystems, a majority of pollinator health studies have focused on these factors in isolation, therefore limiting our ability to make informed policy and management decisions. Here, we investigate the combined impact of altered landscape composition and fungicide exposure on the prevalence of chalkbrood disease, caused by fungi in the genus Ascosphaera Olive and Spiltoir 1955 (Ascosphaeraceae: Onygenales), in the introduced solitary bee, Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski 1887) (Megachilidae: Hymenoptera). We used both field studies and laboratory assays to evaluate the potential for interactions between altered landscape composition, fungicide exposure, and Ascosphaera on O. cornifrons mortality. Chalkbrood incidence in larval O. cornifrons decreased with high open natural habitat cover, whereas Ascosphaera prevalence in adults decreased with high urban habitat cover. Conversely, high fungicide concentration and high forest cover increased chalkbrood incidence in larval O. cornifrons and decreased Ascosphaera incidence in adults. Our laboratory assay revealed an additive effect of fungicides and fungal pathogen exposure on the mortality of a common solitary bee. Additionally, we utilized phylogenetic methods and identified four species of Ascosphaera with O. cornifrons, both confirming previous reports and shedding light on new associates. Our findings highlight the impact of fungicides on bee health and underscore the importance of studying interactions among factors associated with bee decline.
Interférométrie avec des lasers femtosecondes infrarouges

En plus de 40 ans d’existence, la spectroscopie de Fourier, basee sur l’interferometre de Michelson,a permis des progres considerables dans notre connaissance de la structure des atomes et des molecules s’imposant peu a peu comme un outil de base pour le diagnostic optique. Aujourd’hui, depasser ses performances en terme de limite de resolution, rapidite, sensibilite et exactitude permettrait de repondre a de nouveaux enjeux. Cette these porte sur le developpement experimental de la spectroscopie de Fourier par peignes de frequences femtosecondes. Deux peignes de frequences, lasers composes de centaines de milliers de raies fines dont la position est parfaitement controlee, sondent l’echantillon et la transformation de Fourier de leurs interferences temporelles fournit le spectre. Trois dispositifs bases sur des lasers femtosecondes a fibres dopees (a 1 μm et 1.5 μm) ou a solides (a 2.4 μm) illustrent les performances de la methode. Par comparaison a la spectroscopie de Fourier traditionnelle, les temps de mesure ont ete reduits de la seconde a la microseconde, pour des spectres de molecules en phase gazeuse couvrant une centaine de nanometres a des limites de resolution du GHz. La sensibilite atteint celle des spectrometres par laser accordable les plus performants grâce a des methodes de detection differentielle ou d’utilisation de cavites multipassages ou resonnantes. Augmenter le temps de mesure et resoudre les raies individuelles du peigne permet une spectroscopie de precision a large bande spectrale, car la frequence absolue de chaque raie de peigne peut etre connue avec l’exactitude d’une horloge atomique.
NF-Y plays essential roles in flavonoid biosynthesis by modulating histone modifications in tomato.

NF-Y transcription factors are reported to play diverse roles in a wide range of biological processes in plants. However, only a few active NF-Y complexes are known in plants and the precise functions of NF-Y complexes in flavonoid biosynthesis have not been determined. Using various molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches, we found that NF-YB8a, NF-YB8b and NF-YB8c-a NF-YB subgroup-can interact with a specific subgroup of NF-YC and then recruit either of two distinct NF-YAs to form NF-Y complexes that bind the CCAAT element in the CHS1 promoter. Furthermore, suppressing the expression of particular NF-YB genes increased the levels of H3K27me3 at the CHS1 locus and significantly suppressed the expression of CHS1 during tomato fruit ripening, which led to the development of pink-colored fruit with colorless peels. Altogether, by demonstrating that NF-Y transcription factors play essential roles in flavonoid biosynthesis and by providing significant molecular insight into the regulatory mechanisms that drive the development of pink-colored tomato fruit, we provide a major advance to our fundamental knowledge and information that has considerable practical value for horticulture.
Types of Partner Violence in Couples Affected by Incarceration: Applying Johnson’s Typology to Understand the Couple-level Context for Violence

In prior research, samples of incarcerated and reentering men and their partners report partner violence at roughly 10 times the frequency found in the general population. The relationship dynamics underlying these experiences remain poorly understood. Addressing this gap and expanding prior applications of Johnson’s typology in other populations—which typically rely on survey data alone and include reports from just one member of a couple—we applied latent class analysis with dyadic survey data from 1,112 couples to identify types of partner violence in couples affected by incarceration. We assessed congruence between quantitative types and couples’ qualitative accounts and compared the two major types using two-sample t-tests. In some couples, one partner used various tactics to systematically dominate and control the other, as in Johnson’s coercive controlling violence. In others, physical violence arose in the context of jealousy but no other controlling behavior. This type resembled Johnson’s situational couple violence. Qualitative data suggested that jealousy represented a common, situational response to periods of prolonged separation, relationship instability, status insecurity, and partnership concurrence and not a tactic of control per se. Victims of coercive controlling violence experienced more PTSD symptoms and felt less safe in their relationships than victims of jealous-only violence. Perpetrators of coercive controlling violence were more likely to use severe physical violence against their partners than perpetrators of jealous-only violence. Findings indicate that broader context is critical for interpreting the presence of jealousy (and whether it constitutes a control tactic). They indicate that prevention and response strategies tailored to these types could help couples cope safely with the extreme relationship stressors of incarceration and reentry. Finally, they suggest a need to move from an exclusive focus on individual accountability and services toward a model that also incorporates institutional accountability and change.
Stathmin! An Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Novel Marker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Leukoplakia

Background: Stathmin is an intracellular phosphoprotein that controls the microtubule dynamics by further regulating proper attachment and alignment of chromosomes in a dividing cell. Thus, any mutation or aberrantly expressed protein that reduces the fidelity of spindle assembly will enhance chromosomal instability contributing to aneuploidy. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma is an extensively studied malignancy that occurs due to accumulated genetic changes due to carcinogens. The current study is done to evaluate the stathmin role and its expression in OSCC and Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of stathmin in OSCC and Oral dysplasia and also to correlate the expression of Stathmin with respect to the different histopathological grades of OED and OSCC. Materials and Methods: 30 neutral buffered formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues of Oral Leukoplakia/OED and 30 FFPE tissues of OSCC were subjected to immunohistochemistry with stathmin antibody. Five fields of each case with 300 cells were examined and a mean percentage of positive–stained slides were determined. The percentages were recorded accordingly with their respective histological grades. The results were analysed statistically. Results: The results of the present study demonstrated higher mean values of stathmin in tissues with OSCC (2.50) compared to leukoplakia (2.11) and normal tissues (0.00) with a high level of statistical significance (0.0001). There is also an increase in the percentage levels of stathmin with increase in the histological grade of differentiation in OSCC as well as leukoplakia. Conclusion: The present study found a statistical correlation between increased grades of the disease with expression levels of stathmin. This confirms that stathmin expression can contribute to disease progression and that stathmin might have a potential role as an early diagnostic biomarker and can be a therapeutic target for OSCC.
The bromodomains of BET family proteins can recognize diacetylated histone H2A.Z

Chemical modifications of histone tails influence genome accessibility and the transcriptional state of eukaryotic cells. Lysine acetylation is one of the most common modifications and acetyllysine‐binding bromodomains (BDs) provide a means for acetyllysine marks to be translated into meaningful cellular responses. Here, we have investigated the mechanism underlying the reported association between the Bromodomain and Extra Terminal (BET) family of BD proteins and the essential histone variant H2A.Z. We use NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate a physical interaction between the N‐terminal tail of H2A.Z and the BDs of BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, and show that the interaction is dependent on lysine acetylation in H2A.Z. The BDs preferentially engage a diacetylated H2A.Z‐K4acK7ac motif that is reminiscent of sequences found in other biologically important BET BD target proteins, including histones and transcription factors. A H2A.Z‐K7acK11ac motif can also bind BET BDs—with a preference for the second BD of each protein. Chemical shift perturbation mapping of the interactions, together with an X‐ray crystal structure of BRD2‐BD1 bound to H2A.Z‐K4acK7ac, shows that H2A.Z binds the canonical AcK binding pocket of the BDs. This mechanism mirrors the conserved binding mode that is unique to the BET BDs, in which two acetylation marks are read simultaneously by a single BD. Our findings provide structural corroboration of biochemical and cell biological data that link H2A.Z and BET‐family proteins, suggesting that the function of H2A.Z is enacted through interactions with these chromatin readers.
Destruction of lipid-coated bubbles with pulsed ultrasound

Micron-sized bubbles are of some interest for applications in ultrasound contrast and ultrasound-targeted drug delivery. Bubbles must be coated to remain stable; otherwise the surface tension induces an internal Laplace pressure that rapidly drives the bubble gas into solution. We have studied the behavior of bubbles made with different phospholipid coat molecules, subjected to repeated, brief pulses of 1.1 MHz focused ultrasound. Bubbles show rapid initial shrinkage, followed by a slower (or even stationary) phase. For essentially all bubbles, the rate of initial rapid shrinkage exceeds the limit imposed by gas diffusion into the surrounding medium; this rapid shrinkage may be evidence of nanoscopic bubble fragmentation. Upon reaching a fraction of their initial size, bubbles begin a slower shrinkage phase with behavior depending on the resting phase state of the coat lipid. Fluid DMPC monolayers give a more rapid shrinkage than gel phase DMPC. When coated with the long chain saturated lipid DSPC (solid phase), the bubbles are stable indefinitely, but bubbles with shorter or unsaturated lipid coats are eventually destroyed. 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Theory and spectroscopy of dihydrogen endofullerenes

Recent advances in synthetic chemistry made available a new class of fascinating compounds in which a molecule of hydrogen is encased inside the hollow cavity of the highly symmetric fullerene C60. There is a great interest in studying endohedral fullerene complexes owing to the rigidity, symmetry, homogeneity and isolation provided by the carbon cages. On one side these properties result in very detailed and wellresolved spectra even in the condensed phase. On the other side such supermolecules are a unique real-world example of a quantum rotor confined in an almost spherical trap, whose dynamics can be directly and accurately treated from first principles. The study of the quantum dynamics and the analysis of the spectroscopic observations of H2@C60 provide a stepping stone for the characterization of the carbon-hydrogen interaction in curved nanocarbons. In this work symmetry is employed to simplify the analytical treatment of the dynamics of the endohedral hydrogen, by expanding the non-bonding confining potential in terms of spherical multipoles and by using a spherical basis to represent the effective rotational-translational Hamiltonian. The thesis features the first study of an endohedral hydrogen fullerenes, H2@C60, by infrared spectroscopy . The quantization of the translational motion, the high rotational freedom and rotational-translational couplings clearly show up in the infrared spectra. The successful assignment of the IR peaks to transitions between the quantum states of the confined hydrogen by means of the presented theoretical model has lead to the first accurate determination of the molecular vibro-rotational parameters and effective hydrogen-cage potentials in H2@C60. The nuclear spin dynamics is very sensitive to the local environment around the hydrogen molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures shows that the symmetry at the center of the cages is reduced by solid state effects and/or occluded impurities. The observations of small but not yet completely understood discrepancies in the lineshapes and relaxations of two samples of H2@C60 stress the influence of the preparation, storage and manipulation on the nuclear spin dynamics of endohedral hydrogen fullerenes.