Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Flow Around a Rectangular Cube by Means of LDA, PIV

Analysis on flow around a rectangular cube set on the floor in a rectangular channel is described. The study is carried out using two-dimensional laser Doppler anemometry (2D-LDA) with fiber optics, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and numerical simulation by PCC (Partial Cells in Cartesian coordinate) method. In this study, the rectangular cube (65mm x 58mm x 31mm) is set with 10 degrees of offset angle to the flow direction. The mean flow velocity and the relative turbulence intensity are 4.0m/s and 1.5%, respectively in both two experiments and calculation. Under this condition, the flow Reynolds number based on the rectangular cube height and the mean velocity is about 8.8 x 10. Firstly, comparisons between LDA and PIV results with numerical results are made for the mean velocity U, the turbulent intensity u’ and the Reynolds stress u’w’. Figure 1 shows distributions of U and u’ at the back of the rectangular cube. It shows a good agreement between both LDA and PIV measurement results. The results by the numerical simulation show little differences from the experimental results. Secondly, from the instantaneous velocity fields obtained by PIV measurements, the visualizations of vortices distributions by the Reynolds decomposition and the Galilean decomposition methods are performed. Figure 2 shows the Reynolds decomposed fluctuations at the side tip of rectangular cube. Many vortices are visualized along the separation line. The results analyzed from another techniques are described in this paper. Finally, the integral length scale measurements are performed by both LDA and PIV. For the LDA measurements, length scale is estimated from the assumption of Taylor’s hypothesis. Figure 3 shows the comparison of length scale distributions between LDA and PIV measurements at the back of rectangular cube. It is pointed out that both results show the big differences in the higher turbulence regions of u’/U > 20%.
The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption on the Human Development Index in Selected Countries: Panel Analysis (1990-2015)

Human Development Index combines three well known dimensions: long healthy life, education and standard of living. Energy influences all these dimensions either directly or indirectly, that is one of the reasons why countries should focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions that come directly from energy use, and improve energy efficiency activities while at the same time not affecting the human development process. By studying the relationship between energy and human development, through PVAR analysis, this paper contributes to the efforts of promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency while acting globally for climate change mitigation. The analysis covers 4 panels representing four income levels distributed among the globe throughout the period from 1990 to 2015. First and second panel unit root and cointegration tests are being applied after examining for cross sectional correlation between each panel units, then PVAR analysis is being conducted for each panel through a system GMM methodology. Results show that in all of the four panels the impact of renewable energy consumption in reducing the per capita CO2 emissions is found to be insignificant for all of the four panels. Moreover, the impact of the renewable energy consumption on the HDI is found to be insignificant among the selected countries in all of the panels except the lower middle-income countries.
The GALAH survey and Gaia DR2: forced oscillation and phase mixing in the local stellar disc

, , ABSTRACT Spectacular evidence of a coherent pattern in phase space has emerged in the local stellar disc from an analysis of 6 million stars in the ESA Gaia Data Release 2 ( Gaia DR2). This remarkable astrometric mission is complemented by the ongoing GALAH survey of the Milky Way that exploits the HERMES high-resolution ( R ≈ 28 , 000), multi-object spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. In its latest release, GALAH DR2 provides accurate radial velocities ( σ r v ≈ 0 . 1 − 0 . 2 km s − 1 ) and stellar abundances (for up to 23 elements) for 342,682 stars, all of which overlap with the Gaia catalogue. If ( V R , V φ , V z ) are the components of velocity in Galactic cylindrical coordinates ( R , φ , z ), the phase-wrapping signature is seen most clearly in the vertical phase plane ( z , V z ) when averaging over V φ for all Gaia stars in the local volume element as a function of the phase space coordinates, i.e. (cid:104) V φ ( z , V z ) (cid:105) . A weaker spiral phase is also seen in the (cid:104) V R ( z , V z ) (cid:105) plane superimposed on a quadrupole pattern due to the tilt of the local velocity ellipsoid. The one-arm ( m = 1) spiral trajectory in phase space (which we abbreviate to ‘spiral phase’) is recovered by the GALAH (and LAMOST) survey in both the thin disc and thick disc population deﬁned in the [Fe/H] vs. [ α /Fe] plane. The stellar abundances moving out from the centre of the 3D spiral phase reﬂect the vertical and radial metallicity gradients. We conduct simulations of the Milky Way being hit by the Sgr dwarf using a range of impactor masses (1 − 10 × 10 10 M (cid:12) ), all of which lose mass and cross the disc multiple times. In regions where the disc-crossing timescale ( τ C ) is comparable to the disc’s vertical period ( τ C ∼ 2 π/ω z ), Sgr drives a forced oscillation in the disc population resulting in ‘bending waves’ across the disc. This produces a rotating spiral pattern in the ( z , V z ) plane seen in both V R and V φ that does not wind up on large scales. At smaller radii and close to the disc plane for which τ C (cid:28) 2 π/ω z , phase-wrapping and mixing does occur. The amplitude and contrast of the phase pattern observed today is consistent with an impactor mass of at least 3 × 10 10 M (cid:12) at transit stripped down from 5 × 10 10 M (cid:12) when it crossed the virial radius. Each successive disc transit washes out the spiral phase signal but it reforms in about 100 − 150 Myr before the next crossing. Since the last crossing occurred about 400 Myr ago, the spiral phase cannot be older than about 250 − 300 Myr. has implications for disc dynamics. We now investigate with dynamical simulations what one can learn from the new
A CONSERVATIVE DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN SOLVER FOR HOMOGENEOUS BOLTZMANN EQUATION

In the present work, we propose a deterministic numerical solver for the space homogeneous Boltzmann equation based on Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods, which has been rarely studied. The main goal of this manuscript is to generate conservative solver for the collisional operator. As the key part, the weak form of the collision operator is approximated within subspaces of piecewise polynomials. In order to save the computational cost and to resolve loss of conservation laws due to numerical approximations, we propose the following combined procedures. First, the collision operator is projected onto a subspace of basis polynomials up to first order. Then, at every time step, a conservation routine is employed to enforce the preservation of desired moments (mass, momentum and/or energy), by solving a constrained minimization problem with only linear complexity. The asymptotic error analysis shows the validity and guarantees the accuracy of these two procedures. The approximated collision integral is finally written as a quadratic form in linear algebra setting. The theoretical number of operations for evaluating the complete set of the approximated “collision matrix” would be of order O(N3) with N being the total number of freedom for d-dimensional velocity space. However, we have found and applied a “shifting symmetries” property in the collision weight matrix that consists in finding a minimal set of basis matrices that can exactly reconstruct the complete family of such matrix. This procedure reduces the computation and storage of the collision matrix down to O(N2). In addition, the matrix is highly sparse, yielding actual complexity O(N2−1/d), with d being number of dimensions. Due to the locality of the DG schemes, the whole computing process is well performed with parallelization using hybrid OpenMP and MPI. The current work only considers the homogeneous Boltzmann equation with integrable angular cross-sections under elastic and/or inelastic interaction laws. No transport is included in this manuscript. We only focus on the approximation of time dynamics for conservative binary collisions. The numerical results on 2-D and 3-D problems are provided.
Using multilayer network analysis to explore the temporal dynamics of collective behavior

Abstract Social organisms often show collective behaviors such as group foraging or movement. Collective behaviors can emerge from interactions between group members and may depend on the behavior of key individuals. When social interactions change over time, collective behaviors may change because these behaviors emerge from interactions among individuals. Despite the importance of, and growing interest in, the temporal dynamics of social interactions, it is not clear how to quantify changes in interactions over time or measure their stability. Furthermore, the temporal scale at which we should observe changes in social networks to detect biologically meaningful changes is not always apparent. Here we use multilayer network analysis to quantify temporal dynamics of social networks of the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola and determine how these dynamics relate to individual and group behaviors. We found that social interactions changed over time at a constant rate. Variation in both network structure and the identity of a keystone individual was not related to the mean or variance of the collective prey attack speed. Individuals that maintained a large and stable number of connections, despite changes in network structure, were the boldest individuals in the group. Therefore, social interactions and boldness are linked across time, but group collective behavior is not influenced by the stability of the social network. Our work demonstrates that dynamic social networks can be modeled in a multilayer framework. This approach may reveal biologically important temporal changes to social structure in other systems.
EVALUATION OF THE TRAFFIC PRODUCING TURBULENCE WITHIN A MODELLED STREET CANYON USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS CALCULATIONS

The motion of vehicular traffic has been identified as a significant source of mechanicallygenerated turbulent kinetic energy within urban street canyons. As the bulk of free stream wind flow is too weak to penetrate within the street canyon under calm wind conditions, the Traffic Producing Turbulence (TPT) becomes the dominant factor in mixing and diluting traffic-related pollutants. Full scale experiments can not give satisfactory insights into the TPT dynamics, because of the difficulty to study the TPT in isolation from other sources of turbulent kinetic energy within the canyon. For that reason, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations were adopted in order to improve our understanding of the process. Suitability of the CFD calculations in predicting real flow fields was evaluated using wind tunnel data.
The Effect of PPARγ-Agonism on LDL Subclass Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) often present a preponderance of small, dense LDL particles (small-LDL), which are associated with a high risk of myocardial infarction. Some studies suggest that PPARγ-agonists increase LDL cholesterol but have divergent effects on various LDL subclasses in T2DM patients. We studied the effect of rosiglitazone on the LDL subclass profile in T2DM patients with verified coronary artery disease (CAD). 58 patients with T2DM (HbA1c < 8.5%) and CAD were enrolled in a 16week, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial with rosiglitazone 8mg/day (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29). The LDL subclass profile was measured with gel electrophoresis. Rosiglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. Total cholesterol did not change after rosiglitazone treatment (p = 0.062, ANCOVA adjusted for gender and baseline values), whereas LDL (including IDL) cholesterol increased from 2.33 ± 0.48 to 2.67 ± 0.61 mmol/l (p = 0.002 vs. baseline, p = 0.0497 vs. placebo) and large buoyant LDL (large-LDL > 250Å) increased from 1.31 ± 0.36 to 1.46 ± 0.42 mmol/l (p = 0.010 vs. baseline, p = 0.044 vs. placebo) in the rosiglitazone group. No significant changes occurred to the concentration of small-LDL (< 250Å), the average LDL particle size, or HDL or triglyceride concentrations. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was associated with the average LDL particle size after intervention in the whole population (r = 0.40, p = 0.002) and in the rosiglitazone group (r = 0.43, p = 0.020). In conclusion, in T2DM patients with CAD, rosiglitazone treatment significantly increases the concentration of large (buoyant) LDL cholesterol, but not of small dense LDL cholesterol. The long term consequences of this divergent effect of rosiglitazone on LDL subfractions require further exploration.
Comparative biological activities of extracts from three Malaysian Beilschmiedia species

This study was carried out to investigate the bioactivities of extracts from three Beilschmiedia species, which are Beilschmiedia glabra , B. madang , and B. pulverulenta . The bioactivity studies were determined on their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antityrosinase, anti-inflammatory, and acetylcholinesterase activities. Evaluation of antioxidant activities were tested against DPPH and phenolic content (TPC) assays. The antimicrobial activity were investigated by micro dilution method for determination of MIC, MBC and MFC. Antityrosinase and anti-inflammatory inhibition activity was analysed using mushroom tyrosinase and lipoxygenase enzyme, respectively, while acetylcholinesterase activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. The MeOH stem bark extract of B. madang shows the highest activity on DPPH (IC 50 of 63.2 μg/mL) and TPC (163.4 mg GA/g) assay. All extracts showed from moderate to weak activity with MIC/MBC/MFC values in the ranged of 125-1000 µg/mL. The EtOAc leaves extract of B. glabra revealed the highest percentage inhibition on tyrosinase activity (I: 82.5%), while for anti-inflammatory activity showed by the MeOH leaves extract of B. pulverulenta (I: 66.6%). The MeOH stem bark extract of B. madang demonstrated the highest activity on acetylcholinestrase activity with percentage inhibition of 62.8%. The results demonstrated that the Beilschmiedia species possess significant activities on various biological studies.
Singular limit for quasi-linear diffusive transport through a thin heterogeneous layer

Reactive transport processes in porous media including thin heterogeneous layers play an important role in many applications. In this paper, we investigate a quasilinear reaction-diffusion problem in a domain consisting of two bulk-domains which are separated by a thin layer with a periodic heterogeneous structure. The thickness of the layer, as well as the periodicity within the layer are of order , where is much smaller than the size of the bulk-domains. For the singular limit → 0, when the thin layer reduces to an interface, we rigorously derive a macroscopic model with effective interface conditions between the two bulk-domains. Due to the oscillations within the layer, we have the combine dimension reduction techniques with methods from the homogenization theory. To cope with these difficulties, we make use of the two-scale convergence in thin heterogeneous layers. However, in our case the diffusion in the thin layer is low and depends nonlinear on the concentration itself. The low diffusion leads to a two-scale limit depending on a macroscopic and a microscopic variable. Hence, weak compactness results based on standard a priori estimates are not enough to pass to the limit → 0 in the nonlinear terms. Therefore, we derive strong two-scale compactness results based on a variational principle. Further, we establish uniqueness for the microscopic and the macroscopic model.
Lifting Freehand Concept Sketches into 3D Implementation details

Curved strokes Sketch Our method reconstructs straight scaffold lines as a preliminary step for reconstructing surface curves. We distinguish straight from curved strokes by performing a PCA analysis on the point samples that compose each stroke, and consider that a stroke is curved if the ratio between the second and first eigen values is above a threshold, set to 0.001 in our implementation. While some of the straight strokes correspond to surface features rather than to construction lines, this distinction is not relevant for our algorithm, which reconstructs polyhedral shapes no matter their semantic meaning. Finally, we classify curved strokes as ellipses if they form closed regions.
SEISMIC HAZARD OF EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION

In the present study, probabilistic seismic hazard assessment was conducted for the Eastern Mediterranean region based on several new results: (1) a new comprehensive earthquake catalog, (2) seismic source models developed based on new geological, seismicity and geodetic data; and (3) new ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). As the number of available regional ground motion records is not adequate to develop successful local GMPEs, the data in hand was employed for determining the most representative GMPEs that were developed for similar tectonic environments. Based on different earthquake recurrence models, seismic source models, and GMPEs used in the analyses, sensitivity of seismic hazard results was investigated with the application of logic tree approach. Results indicate higher peak ground acceleration values for the Cyprus island than those suggested by Eurocode 8.
Frequency of Carbapenem, Colistin and Tigecycline Resistant Enterobacteriacae in Medical ICU of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi

BACKGROUND: Resistance to antibiotics among Enterobacteriacae represents a serious therapeutic and infection control challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of carbapenem, colistin and tigecycline resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from patients admitted in medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross sectional study that was conducted at Liaquat National Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan during December 2015 to May 2016. Patients admitted in the medical ICU with systemic inflammatory response syndrome were included. The culture positive samples were analyzed for further identification and antimicrobial sensitivity was performed according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) 2014 guidelines. RESULTS: Of the 748 samples, 177 were positive for Enterobactericae. Most samples were taken from blood 75(42.2%) or tracheal secretions 67(37.9%). Most common organism isolated were Klebsiella pneumoniae 77(43.5%) and Escherichia coli 71(40.1%). Out of these 10.7% organisms were resistant to meropenem, while 2.8% and 20.3% were resistant to colistin and tigecycline respectively. CONCLUSION: Increasing spread of drug resistance among Enterobacteriacae reflects an important problem that can be controlled with effective policies of infection control, surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship. are resistant to majority of the antibiotics [3,4]. There is limited data from Pakistan on the frequency of drug resistant Enterobactericae isolated from the ICUs. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of carbapenem, colistin and tigecycline resistant Enterobacteriacae isolated from clinical specimens in medical ICU of a tertiary care hospital.
Decomposing primary and secondary effects ROMEO

One strand of educational inequality research aims t decomposing the effect of social class origin on educational choices into primary and seco ndary effects. We formalize this distinction and present a new and simple method tha t allows empirical assessment of the relative magnitudes of primary and secondary effect s. Contrary to other decomposition methods, this new method is unbiased, is more intui t ve, and decomposes effects of both discrete and continuous measures of social origin. The method also provides analytically derived statistical tests and is easily calculated with standard statistical software. We give examples using the Danish Longitudinal Survey of Yo uth.
Determinants of Regional Trade Agreement Utilization: Evidence from Multiple Import Countries in Asia

This study empirically examines the determinants of the utilization of regional trade agreements (RTAs). To this end, RTA utilization data with rich country variations in both importing and exporting countries are used. Specifically, the data include trade data among 16 exporters and six importers in Asia. An “RTA utilization rate,” which is defined as the share of imports under RTA regimes out of total imports of RTA-eligible products, is computed. The RTA utilization rate is regressed at a country pair-product level on various elements. As a result, the RTA utilization rate is found to be higher when the preference margin is larger, the importer’s demand is larger, the exporter’s income is lower, and the importer’s border handling is more efficient. Furthermore, RTA utilization rates are lower when a generalized scheme for preferences for least developed countries is available, when exporting finished products, and when the inward foreign direct investment in the importing country is larger.
Drift, finite populations, and language change

History happens only once. This seems to set up an impenetrable barrier for social sciences, like historical linguistics, that concern themselves with change over time. We have the historical record to go on with no convincing way to generate alternative histories that could be used for hypothesis testing. Nevertheless, it is of some interest to ask whether what we see in the historical record is due to particular forces or whether the time series we see could be the result of random drift. In this paper, I will spell out some simple principles of random drift that can be used to construct null hypotheses against which we can study particular cases of language change. The study of random drift allows us to sharpen our analyses of language change and develop more constrained theories of language variation and change.
ELMOPP: An Application of Graph Theory and Machine Learning to Traffic Light Coordination

PurposeThis paper presents the Edge Load Management and Optimization through Pseudoflow Prediction (ELMOPP) algorithm, which aims to solve problems detailed in previous algorithms; through machine learning with nested long short-term memory (NLSTM) modules and graph theory, the algorithm attempts to predict the near future using past data and traffic patterns to inform its real-time decisions and better mitigate traffic by predicting future traffic flow based on past flow and using those predictions to both maximize present traffic flow and decrease future traffic congestion.Design/methodology/approachELMOPP was tested against the ITLC and OAF traffic management algorithms using a simulation modeled after the one presented in the ITLC paper, a single-intersection simulation.FindingsThe collected data supports the conclusion that ELMOPP statistically significantly outperforms both algorithms in throughput rate, a measure of how many vehicles are able to exit inroads every second.Originality/valueFurthermore, while ITLC and OAF require the use of GPS transponders and GPS, speed sensors and radio, respectively, ELMOPP only uses traffic light camera footage, something that is almost always readily available in contrast to GPS and speed sensors.