Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power-Efficient  $W$ -Band (92–98 GHz) Phased-Array Transmit and Receive Elements With Quadrature-Hybrid-Based Passive Phase Interpolator

This paper presents a power-efficient phased-array transmit and receive (T/R) channels adopting phase shifters (PSs) utilizing quadrature-hybrid-based power-domain phase interpolator. The W-band T/R channels are implemented in GlobalFoundries 0.13-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SiGe BiCMOS process (GF8XP) for large-scale phased-array applications. At 94 GHz, the proposed Rx channel achieves 137-dB<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Hz dynamic range (DR) with 18-mW dc power consumption (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\text {diss}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), one of the smallest <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\text {diss}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at W-band. The measured Rx channel gain is 17–23 dB with 5.8–6.6-dB noise figure (NF) over 92–98 GHz. The rms gain error and rms phase error in the Rx channel are less than 2 dB and 6°, respectively, at 92–100 GHz. The input <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{-1\text {dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is −31 dBm at 94 GHz. The Tx channel produces 7.4-dBm saturated output power with 49.5-mW <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\mathrm{ diss}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 94 GHz resulting in 11% of collector efficiency, one of the highest Tx channel efficiencies reported so far. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\mathrm{ diss}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at quiescent bias point of the Tx channel is 26 mW. The measured Tx channel gain is 7.5–12 dB and the rms gain error is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$<$ </tex-math></inline-formula>1.28 dB over 85–105 GHz. The measured rms phase error in the Tx channel is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$<$ </tex-math></inline-formula>1.5° at 94 GHz and remains lower than 8° when driving the Tx channel up to near the power saturation. The peak collector efficiency and PAE of the integrated class-AB power amplifier is 23.5% and 18.2%, respectively, at 94 GHz, one of the highest efficiency performances at W-band. The chip sizes of the Rx and Tx channels excluding I/O pads are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.2 \times 0.55$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>2</sup> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.4 \times 0.55$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>2</sup>, respectively.
A fast and efficient method to protect color images

In this paper, we propose a method to embed the color information of an image in a corresponding grey-level image. The objective of this work is to allow free access to the grey-level image and give color image access only if you own a secret key. This method is made of three major steps which are a fast color quantization, an optimized ordering and an adapted data hiding. The principle is to build an index image which is, in the same time, a semantically intelligible grey-level image. In order to obtain this particular index image, which should be robust to data hiding, a layer running algorithm is proceeded to sort the K colors of the palette. The major contributions of this paper are the fast color quantization, the optimized layer running algorithm, the color palette compression and the adapted data hiding.
Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of STK32B, PPARGC1A and CTNNA3 Gene With Sporadic Parkinson's Disease Susceptibility in Chinese Han Population

Recently, five novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs10937625 in STK32B (serine/threonine kinase 32B), rs17590046 in PPARGC1A (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha), and rs12764057, rs10822974, and rs7903491 in CTNNA3 (catenin alpha 3), were found to be associated with increased risk of essential tremor (ET) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS)in individuals of Caucasian ancestry. Considering the overlap between ET and Parkinson's disease (PD) in pathological features and clinical manifestations, a case-control study comprising 546 PD patients and 550 control subjects was carried out to examine whether the same variants were also associated with PD in Chinese Han population. However, the above variants did not show an association with PD. Our results suggested that these variants do not play a major role in PD in the Chinese population, Actually, the clinical overlap between PD and ET is under debate. In our Chinese Han cohort, we did not verify potential genetic pleiotropy between two diseases, which may indicated that etiology and pathobiology of PD and ET are distinct. Thus, a more comprehensive study such as a multi-center study may be helpful to evaluate the relationship between the five new susceptible loci and PD in Chinese Han population in the future.
Profiling of Canonical and Non-Traditional Cytokine Levels in Interferon-β-Treated Relapsing–Remitting-Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which inflammation plays a key role in the induction, development, and progression. Most of the MS patients present with relapsing–remitting (RR) form, characterized by flare-ups followed by periods of recovery. Many inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been proposed as backers in MS pathogenesis, and the balance between these differing cytokines can regulate MS severity. Interferon (IFN)-β, a current disease-modifying therapy for MS, has demonstrated beneficial effects in reducing disease severity in MS patients. However, its immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory actions in MS are not wholly understood. The aim of the study was to define, in clinically stable patients with RR-MS, the serum concentration of several cytokines, canonical or not, and their modulation by IFN-β therapy. Methods Relapsing–remitting-MS patients were enrolled and diagnosed according to revised Mc Donald Diagnostic Criteria. A set of cytokines [including non-canonical neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and adipokines] and B-cell differentiation molecules, as potential biomarkers, were evaluated in 30 non-treated RR-MS patients compared to 30 IFN-β-treated MS patients and 30 age, gender, and body mass index-matched healthy controls (HC). Results Naïve MS patients showed significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-18, high-mobility group box protein-1, and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) than MS-treated patients (p < 0.001 for all) and HC (p < 0.01). IFN-β therapy has significantly downmodulated IL-1β, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-18 to normal levels (p < 0.001), whereas it has decreased IL-18BP (p < 0.001). ACh was significantly higher in the IFN-β-treated than HC and non-treated MS patients (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed either in adipokines concentration or in B-cell-associated molecules among the three study groups. Conclusion Although more experimental evidence are required, we speculate that the efficacy of treatment of MS with IFN-β is mediated, at least in part, by its ability to work on several levels to slow down the disease progression. Proposed actions include the modulation of IL-1–inflammasome axis and modulation of ACh, B-cell activating factor/a proliferation-inducing ligand system, and several adipokines.
Two New Secreted Proteases Generate a Casein-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide in Bacillus cereus Food Born Isolate Leading to Bacterial Competition in Milk

Milk and dairy products harbor a wide variety of bacterial species that compete for both limited resources and space. Under these competitive conditions, bacteria develop specialized mechanisms to protect themselves during niche colonization and nutrient acquisition processes. The bacterial antagonism mechanisms include the production of antimicrobial agents or molecules that facilitate competitor dispersal. In the present work, a bacterial strain designated RC6 was isolated from Ricotta and identified as Bacillus cereus. It generates antimicrobial peptide (AMP) when grown in the presence of casein. The AMP was active against several species of Bacillus and Listeria monocytogenes. MALDI-TOF analysis of the RP-HPLC purified fractions and amino acid sequencing revealed a molecular mass of 751 Da comprised of a 6-residue sequence, YPVEPF. BLAST analysis showed that the AMP corresponds to the fractions 114–119 of bovine β-casein and represents the product of a specific proteolysis. Analysis of the purified proteolytic fractions from the B. cereus RC6 culture supernatant indicated that the presence of at least two different endoproteases is crucial for the generation of the AMP. Indeed, we were able to identify two new candidate endoproteases by means of genome sequencing and functional assignment using a 3D structural model and molecular docking of misannotated hypothetical proteins. In this light, the capacity of B. cereus RC6 to generate antimicrobial peptides from casein, through the production of extracellular enzymes, presents a new model of antagonistic competition leading to niche colonization. Hence, as a dairy product contaminant, this strategy may enable proteolytic B. cereus RC6 niche specialization in milk matrices.
Reliable and Cooperative Target Tracking Based on WSN and WiFi in Indoor Wireless Networks

Indoor localization and tracking have attracted growing attention because of its widely application for indoor location-based services (LBSs). However, for indoor localization, only with single positioning technology, the positioning accuracy, and localizability are difficult to satisfy the requirement due to the complex and crowed indoor environment. An indoor cooperative localization and tracking algorithm (CLTA) based on grid is developed to solve above problems. The CLTA is divided into offline phase and online phase. In the offline phase, a cooperative localization fingerprint database is established based on reliable nodes. In the online phase, a region overlapping mechanism is used to narrow location area in multi-network surroundings at first. Then, we use a prediction mechanism to predict the mobile target position in order to further narrow the location area. At last, a cross grid strategy is used to update the data in fingerprint database if possible, aiming at improving the accuracy of localization. Simulation and experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is better than single network localization algorithm on localization and tracking performance.
Element-wise Bilinear Interaction for Sentence Matching

When we build a neural network model predicting the relationship between two sentences, the most general and intuitive approach is to use a Siamese architecture, where the sentence vectors obtained from a shared encoder is given as input to a classifier. For the classifier to work effectively, it is important to extract appropriate features from the two vectors and feed them as input. There exist several previous works that suggest heuristic-based function for matching sentence vectors, however it cannot be said that the heuristics tailored for a specific task generalize to other tasks. In this work, we propose a new matching function, ElBiS, that learns to model element-wise interaction between two vectors. From experiments, we empirically demonstrate that the proposed ElBiS matching function outperforms the concatenation-based or heuristic-based matching functions on natural language inference and paraphrase identification, while maintaining the fused representation compact.
Cold stress effects on organelle ultrastructure in polar Caryophyllaceae species

This study investigated leaf mesophyll cells of Caryophyllaceae plants growing in polar regions - Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata from the Hornsund region of Spitsbergen island (Svalbard Archipelago, Arctic), and Colobanthus quitensis from the Ad− miralty Bay region on King George Island (South Shetland Islands, West Antarctic). Ultra− structural changes were analyzed in mesophyll protoplasts of plants growing in natural Arctic and Antarctic habitats and plants grown in a greenhouse, including plants exposed to short−term cold stress under semi−controlled conditions. Cell organelles of plants growing in natural polar habitats and greenhouse−grown plants were characterized by significant mor− phological plasticity. Chloroplasts of plants studied in this work formed variously shaped pro− trusions and invaginations that visibly increased the contact area between adjacent cell com− partments and reduced the distance between organelles. S. involucrata plants grown under greenhouse conditions, tested by us in this work, were characterized by highly dynamic cell nuclei with single or multiple invaginations of the nuclear membrane and the presence of channels and cisternae filled with cytoplasm and organelles. Crystalline inclusion proteins were observed in the cell nuclei of C. quitensis between nuclear membranes and in the direct proximity of heterochromatin. Our study revealed significant conformational dynamics of organelles, manifested by variations in the optical density of matrices, membranes and enve− lopes, in particular in C. quitensis, which could suggest that the analyzed Caryophyllaceae taxa are well adapted to severe climate and changing conditions in polar regions.
Hybrid Approach for Efficient Quantization of Weights in Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolutional neural networks(CNN) have achieved outstanding results in the fields of image recognition which classifies objects in the input images. In the deep neural networks such as CNN, the number of layers and the number of neurons in each layer are large. In other words, the deep neural networks requires relatively large storage space and calculation process. However, in embedded devices for object recognition in autonomous vehicles, large storage space and high computational complexity are constraints. For this reasons, various methodologies have been proposed to apply CNN to small embedded hardware such as mobile devices, FPGA and ASIC efficiently. In this paper, we quantize the weights of AlexNet without a large drop in accuracy by using a hybrid quantizer using uniform quantizer and k-means clustering.
Human Leukocyte Antigen F Locus Adjacent Transcript 10 Overexpression Disturbs WISP1 Protein and mRNA Expression to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression

Recently, studies on transcriptome–proteome relationships have revealed mRNA/protein expression discordance for certain genes and speculated that protein posttranslational modification (PTM) may be involved. However, there is currently no evidence to support this hypothesis. Wnt‐induced secreted protein‐1 (WISP1) is the downstream target gene of β‐catenin and plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression, but the expression and role of WISP1 in different tumor types are controversial. Here, we first confirmed that WISP1 protein expression was significantly down‐regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and could be an independent predictor of poor prognosis for patients with HCC. In vivo and in vitro evidence was provided that WISP1 can suppress HCC cell proliferation. Further studies have found that low WISP1 protein expression was related to expression of human leukocyte antigen F locus adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10), a specific ubiquitin‐like protein with both degradation and stabilization functions, which plays an important role in PTM. FAT10 overexpression facilitated WISP1 degradation by FAT10ylation to decrease WISP1 protein expression, thus promoting HCC proliferation. Interestingly, we found and demonstrated that FAT10 overexpression could result in WISP1 protein/mRNA expression discordance, with protein expression decreasing while mRNA expression increased. The underlying mechanism is that FAT10 exerts substrate stabilization and degradation functions simultaneously, while FAT10 overexpression promotes WISP1 mRNA expression by stabilizing β‐catenin and directly degrades WISP1 protein. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that overexpression of FAT10 results in expression discordance between WISP1 protein and mRNA, thereby promoting HCC progression by down‐regulating WISP1 protein expression.
Multisensory Stimulation and Individualized Music Sessions on Older Adults with Severe Dementia: Effects on Mood, Behavior, and Biomedical Parameters.

BACKGROUND Multisensory stimulation and individualized music have shown to be good in handling the psychological and behavioral symptoms in people with severe dementia. OBJECTIVE Explore the effects of two nonpharmacological interventions, multisensory stimulation environment (MSSE) in a Snoezelen room and individualized music sessions, on mood, behavior, and biomedical parameters of institutionalized elderly patients with severe dementia. METHODS Randomized trial of 21 patients aged ≥65 years randomly assigned to two groups (MSSE and individualized music). Interventions administered in two-weekly sessions lasted 30 minutes for a period of 12 weeks. Main outcomes were recorded before, during, and at the end of the intervention. RESULTS Both groups had immediate positive effects on mood and behavior. Participants were more happy/more content (p < 0.001), talked more spontaneously (p = 0.009), related to people better (p = 0.002), were more attentive to/focused on their environment (p < 0.001), enjoyed themselves (p = 0.003), were less bored/inactive (p = 0.004), and more relaxed/content (p = 0.003). The MSSE group performed a better visual follow-up of the stimuli (p = 0.044), and the music group were more relaxed and happy (p = 0.003). A decrease in heart rate (p = 0.013) and an increase in oxygen saturation (p = 0.011) were observed from before to after interventions in both groups, with no significant differences between them. CONCLUSIONS Both interventions seem to be effective at managing mood and behavioral disturbances in the short term and at improving physiological rates, highlighting the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments in patients with severe dementia.
How Can Prosocial Behavior Be Motivated? The Different Roles of Moral Judgment, Moral Elevation, and Moral Identity Among the Young Chinese

Prior research has shown that moral judgment, moral elevation, and moral identity contribute to prosocial behavior. However, how these three motivating factors interact in predicting prosocial behaviors is not yet clear. The current study proposed and examined a moderated mediation model to illustrate the specific process of how prosocial behavior is motivated by these factors. A total of 264 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students participated in the present study (140 females; age range 17–26, M = 20.25, SD = 1.57). Moral judgment competence, intensity of moral elevation, and moral identity were measured by self-reported scales, and the tendency to engage in prosocial behavior was assessed in a simulated “Ask for help” situation. The multiple regressive results showed that moral elevation mediated the effect of moral judgment on prosocial behavior, and moral identity moderated this mediation through interacting with moral elevation. However, within the proposed model, the mediating effect of moral elevation was stronger in women than in men, while the moderating role of moral identity appeared only in women. These findings imply different methods for men and women to enhance their prosocial behaviors, including the need to pay more attention to developing moral reasoning in men while putting more emphasis on evoking moral emotion and moral traits in women. Together, these results supported the assumptive model and provided a comprehensive framework to explain prosocial behaviors.
No Effect of Generalized Joint Hypermobility on Injury Risk in Elite Female Soccer Players: Response

Dear Editor: We congratulate Blokland et al on their study titled ‘‘No Effect of Generalized Joint Hypermobility on Injury Risk in Elite Female Soccer Players: A Prospective Cohort Study. ’’ The study utilized a rigorous prospective design in terms of assessment protocol, clearly defined outcomes, and statistical analysis around the dropouts. This study reports that the prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) in elite female soccer players was 17.5% at a Beighton cutoff 4 and 11.4% at a cutoff 5. As the authors point out, young age, female sex, and non-Caucasian ethnicity are associated with higher prevalence of GJH. The participants in this study were postpubertal females, and ethnicity was not reported. Given that the prevalence of GJH in a healthy female population of this age group is 10.0% at a Beighton cutoff 4 and 6.0% at a cutoff 5 and that soccer is not a sport where GJH is advantageous, the prevalence reported in the Blokland et al study is likely to be a significant overestimation. The study employed the Beighton scoring system as the only measure of GJH. We propose that it was not an optimal choice for a number of reasons. First, the Beighton score has not been validated for use to identify GJH in adults. Second, demonstrating the lack of face validity of the Beighton score in this context is that most injuries in this cohort were knee and ankle sprains. Ligamentous injury of these joints is most commonly attributed to motion in the coronal and transverse planes. The Beighton score does not test for joint hypermobility in the horizontal and coronal planes of the knee and does not assess the ankle joint. Last, that GJH was not found to be a risk factor for injuries in these elite female soccer players may be due to the fact that the Beighton score identifies hypermobility mostly in the upper limb while the injuries occurred in the lower limb. We contest that the Beighton score is not a valid determinant of GJH in this soccer cohort, where lower limb injuries are most common. Therefore, a region-specific tool, such as the 12-item Lower Limb Assessment Score, would reflect a more accurate representation of GJH and the association with injury. From both a clinical and a research perspective, we contest that the Lower Limb Assessment Score is a more useful and accurate tool to identify lower limb–specific hypermobility and GJH, having been validated in pediatric and adult populations. Leslie L. Nicholson, PT, PhD Cliffton Chan, PT, PhD Sydney, Australia
Effects of brinzolamide on rabbit ocular blood flow in vivo and ex vivo.

AIM To investigate if significant improvement of optic disc blood flow (ODBF) occurs after instillation of brinzolamide onto rabbit eyes. METHODS Testing of bilateral intraocular pressure (IOP) and left ODBF in 10 male rabbits took place every 3h over a 24h period. Brinzolamide (1% ophthalmic solution, two drops at 9:00 and 21:00) was administered to the left eye. ODBF, assessed using laser speckle flowgraphy, was determined as the mean blur rate (MBR). Furthermore, the effect of brinzolamide on isolated rabbit ciliary arteries using isometric tension recording system was performed. RESULTS After brinzolamide instillation, IOP was significantly decreased in the left eye. MBR-vessel was greater at 18:00 and 21:00 (P<0.05) than in the controls. MBR-tissue and MBR-average were greater at 18:00 (P<0.05) than in the controls. For isolated arteries pre-contracted with a high-K solution, brinzolamide induced concentration-dependent relaxation, reaching 46.1%±9% (n=21) at 1 mmol/L. In Ca2+-free solutions, incubation with brinzolamide suppressed 1 µmol/L histamine-induced contractions (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Brinzolamide decreases IOP and increases ocular blood flow. The direct vasodilatory effect of brizolamide is mediated by suppression of Ca2+ release from intracellular calcium stores.