Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clip-based similarity measure for query-dependent clip retrieval and video summarization

This paper proposes a new approach and algorithm for the similarity measure of video clips. The similarity is mainly based on two bipartite graph matching algorithms: maximum matching (MM) and optimal matching (OM). MM is able to rapidly filter irrelevant video clips, while OM is capable of ranking the similarity of clips according to visual and granularity factors. We apply the similarity measure for two tasks: retrieval and summarization. In video retrieval, a hierarchical retrieval framework is constructed based on MM and OM. The validity of the framework is theoretically proved and empirically verified on a video database of 21 h. A query-dependent clip segmentation algorithm is also proposed to automatically locate the potential boundaries of clips in videos. In video summarization, a graph-based clustering algorithm, incorporated with the proposed similarity measure, is adopted to detect the highlighted events reported by different newscasts.
Fast exoskeleton optimization

An algorithm optimizes exoskeleton walking assistance in 1 hour Identifying the optimal pattern of assistive torque provided by an exoskeleton over the course of the person's walking stride is challenging. Engineers have been developing wearable devices to reduce the metabolic cost of walking for more than a century, but only in the past 4 years have groups succeeded in this, using ankle exoskeletons (1–3). Brute-force approaches can test various timing and magnitude settings of the torque pattern and identify the settings that produce the largest reduction in metabolic cost (1, 3–6). However, obtaining reliable metabolic cost data requires averaging multiple minutes of breath data, which in turn limits the number of settings that can be tested. On page 1280 of this issue, Zhang et al. (7) describe an algorithm that optimizes the entire exoskeleton torque pattern in a 1-hour iterative process with real-time metabolic cost estimations. This smart human-in-the-loop algorithm identified an optimal pattern for each participant and resulted in an average reduction of 24% compared to participants walking with the exoskeleton powered off.
An Efficient Algorithm of Mining Association Rules Based on Digital Pure Subset

This paper proposes an efficient algorithm of double search mining association rules based on digital pure subset, which uses the method of forming digital pure subset of transaction to generate candidate itemsets, and uses digital character to reduce the number of scanned transactions when computing support of itemsets after these transactions are turned into digital transaction by binary. In addition, the algorithm uses logical operation to compute support of candidate itemsets, and uses the way of ascending value to form pure subset of digital transaction via maximal and minimal transactions synchronously close to intermediate value, which is different from traditional algorithms of double search mining association rules. The experiment indicates that the efficiency of the algorithm is faster and more efficient than presented algorithms of double search mining association rules.
Dangerous people with a severe personality disorder: Diagnosis, risk assessment and services

Abstract This paper explores plans to develop mental health services in England and Wales, in particular, those for people regarded as high-risk or dangerous and severely personality disordered (DSPD). Diagnosis and legal issues are discussed to highlight who these people are, and to help explain the importance of developing new services. Also, practice issues relating to risk assessment and management are explored, whilst emphasising the beneficial contributions Mental Health Social Work can offer future services. Lastly, this paper demonstrates how little is understood about the ‘needs’ of DSPD people and suggests without further knowledge new services may be limited in their attempts to protect the public.
Protecting unauthorized immigrant mothers improves their children’s mental health

Life under threat of deportation What is the effect on a child of having parents who are at risk of deportation as unauthorized immigrants? Hainmueller et al. developed a quasi-experimental protocol to address this complicated question. They selected mothers who had birthdates either just before or just after the cutoff for the United States' Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. Children whose mothers were protected from deportation by DACA had 50% fewer diagnoses of adjustment and anxiety disorder than children with mothers whose birthdates, by coincidence, preceded the cutoff and who thus were not protected. Science, this issue p. 1041 Protection of their mothers from deportation improved the well-being of U.S. citizen children. The United States is embroiled in a debate about whether to protect or deport its estimated 11 million unauthorized immigrants, but the fact that these immigrants are also parents to more than 4 million U.S.-born children is often overlooked. We provide causal evidence of the impact of parents’ unauthorized immigration status on the health of their U.S. citizen children. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program granted temporary protection from deportation to more than 780,000 unauthorized immigrants. We used Medicaid claims data from Oregon and exploited the quasi-random assignment of DACA eligibility among mothers with birthdates close to the DACA age qualification cutoff. Mothers’ DACA eligibility significantly decreased adjustment and anxiety disorder diagnoses among their children. Parents’ unauthorized status is thus a substantial barrier to normal child development and perpetuates health inequalities through the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage.
Highly efficient electrocaloric cooling with electrostatic actuation

A flexible and lightweight device uses an electrocaloric polymer film to provide exceptional cooling power. A solid way to keep cool Refrigeration relies on vapor compression that is noisy, takes up space, and is mechanically complex. Solid-state cooling requires changing an external field to drive cooling, but devices produced so far have not been efficient enough for practical applications. Ma et al. constructed a lightweight and flexible device using a thin electrocaloric polymer film, where toggling it in an electric field between a heat source and sink drives the cooling process (see the Perspective by Zhang and Zhang). The device rapidly cools down an overheated smartphone battery and has potential application for developing compact, low-profile electronics. Science, this issue p. 1130; see also p. 1094 Solid-state refrigeration offers potential advantages over traditional cooling systems, but few devices offer high specific cooling power with a high coefficient of performance (COP) and the ability to be applied directly to surfaces. We developed a cooling device with a high intrinsic thermodynamic efficiency using a flexible electrocaloric (EC) polymer film and an electrostatic actuation mechanism. Reversible electrostatic forces reduce parasitic power consumption and allow efficient heat transfer through good thermal contacts with the heat source or heat sink. The EC device produced a specific cooling power of 2.8 watts per gram and a COP of 13. The new cooling device is more efficient and compact than existing surface-conformable solid-state cooling technologies, opening a path to using the technology for a variety of practical applications.
Lysosomal metabolomics reveals V-ATPase- and mTOR-dependent regulation of amino acid efflux from lysosomes

Regulated lysosomal efflux of amino acids A new technique allows rapid purification of lysosomes and metabolic profiling by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Abu-Remaileh et al. engineered cultured human cells to produce a protein tag on lysosomal membranes that could be used to rapidly precipitate purified lysosomes on magnetic beads. Analysis of their contents under various conditions showed that efflux from the lysosome of most essential amino acids (but not that of most other amino acids) is a regulated process. Amino acid transport was inhibited under conditions of nutrient depletion as a result of inhibition of the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) protein kinase complex. Science, this issue p. 807 A method for rapid isolation of lysosomes elucidates the mechanism of regulated amino acid transport. The lysosome degrades and recycles macromolecules, signals to the cytosol and nucleus, and is implicated in many diseases. Here, we describe a method for the rapid isolation of mammalian lysosomes and use it to quantitatively profile lysosomal metabolites under various cell states. Under nutrient-replete conditions, many lysosomal amino acids are in rapid exchange with those in the cytosol. Loss of lysosomal acidification through inhibition of the vacuolar H+–adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) increased the luminal concentrations of most metabolites but had no effect on those of the majority of essential amino acids. Instead, nutrient starvation regulates the lysosomal concentrations of these amino acids, an effect we traced to regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Inhibition of mTOR strongly reduced the lysosomal efflux of most essential amino acids, converting the lysosome into a cellular depot for them. These results reveal the dynamic nature of lysosomal metabolites and that V-ATPase- and mTOR-dependent mechanisms exist for controlling lysosomal amino acid efflux.
Colour-Decoupled Photo Response Non-Uniformity for Digital Image Forensics

 Abstract — The last few years have seen the use of photo response non-uniformity noise (PRNU), a unique fingerprint of imaging sensors, in various digital forensic applications such as source device identification, content integrity verification and authentication. However, the use of a colour filter array for capturing only one of the three colour components per pixel introduces colour interpolation noise, while the existing methods for extracting PRNU provide no effective means for addressing this issue. Because the artificial colours obtained through the colour interpolation process is not directly acquired from the scene by physical hardware, we expect that the PRNU extracted from the physical components, which are free from interpolation noise, should be more reliable than that from the artificial channels, which carry interpolation noise. Based on this assumption we propose a Couple-Decoupled PRNU (CD-PRNU) extraction method, which first decomposes each colour channel into 4 sub-images and then extracts the PRNU noise from each sub-image. The PRNU noise patterns of the sub-images are then assembled to get the CD-PRNU. This new method can prevent the interpolation noise from propagating into the physical components, thus improving the accuracy of device identification and image content integrity verification.
In situ architecture, function, and evolution of a contractile injection system

Identification of a new injection system To interact with other cells, bacteria use contractile machines that function similarly to membrane-puncturing bacteriophages. The so-called type 6 secretion system (T6SS) functions from inside a bacterial cell. Böck et al. used modern electron microscopy methods and functional assays to resolve the structure and function of a T6SS in the cellular context. They identified three modules and showed large-scale structural changes upon firing. T6SSs are organized in multibarrel gun-like arrays and may contribute to the survival of bacteria inside their host. Science, this issue p. 713 A model type 6 secretion system reveals the structure, dynamics, and evolution of apparatus attachment to the target membrane. Contractile injection systems mediate bacterial cell-cell interactions by a bacteriophage tail–like structure. In contrast to extracellular systems, the type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is defined by intracellular localization and attachment to the cytoplasmic membrane. Here we used cryo-focused ion beam milling, electron cryotomography, and functional assays to study a T6SS in Amoebophilus asiaticus. The in situ architecture revealed three modules, including a contractile sheath-tube, a baseplate, and an anchor. All modules showed conformational changes upon firing. Lateral baseplate interactions coordinated T6SSs in hexagonal arrays. The system mediated interactions with host membranes and may participate in phagosome escape. Evolutionary sequence analyses predicted that T6SSs are more widespread than previously thought. Our insights form the basis for understanding T6SS key concepts and exploring T6SS diversity.
A Research of Motion Classification in Gait Recognition

Motion classification is the first step of gait recognition. The classification of motion is conducted, and behavior validity can be made under specific scenarios. In order to identify people movement in an Intelligent Security Monitoring System, moving body is detected and the boundary is extracted. The paper proposes a complex number notation based on centroid in order to indicate a pedestrian’s movements. And according to the different sorts of movements, a set of standard image contours are made. A Procrustes shape analysis method is presented in order to get the degree to which two contours are resembled. Finally lying, bending, sitting, walking, side walking, jumping, crouching, uphill and downhill is given with a 72.2% recognition rate achieved.
Intra Coding of the HEVC Standard

This paper provides an overview of the intra coding techniques in the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard being developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC). The intra coding framework of HEVC follows that of traditional hybrid codecs and is built on spatial sample prediction followed by transform coding and postprocessing steps. Novel features contributing to the increased compression efficiency include a quadtree-based variable block size coding structure, block-size agnostic angular and planar prediction, adaptive pre- and postfiltering, and prediction direction-based transform coefficient scanning. This paper discusses the design principles applied during the development of the new intra coding methods and analyzes the compression performance of the individual tools. Computational complexity of the introduced intra prediction algorithms is analyzed both by deriving operational cycle counts and benchmarking an optimized implementation. Using objective metrics, the bitrate reduction provided by the HEVC intra coding over the H.264/advanced video coding reference is reported to be 22% on average and up to 36%. Significant subjective picture quality improvements are also reported when comparing the resulting pictures at fixed bitrate.
A Two-Omni-Camera Stereo Vision System With an Automatic Adaptation Capability to Any System Setup for 3-D Vision Applications

A stereo vision system using two omni-cameras for 3-D vision applications is proposed, which has an automatic adaptation capability to any system setup before 3-D data computation is conducted. The adaptation, which yields the orientations and distance of the two omni-cameras, is accomplished by detecting and analyzing the horizontal lines appearing in the omni-images acquired with the cameras and a person standing in front of the cameras. Properties of line features in environments are utilized for detecting more precisely the horizontal lines that appear as conic sections in omni-images. The detection work is accomplished through the use of carefully chosen parameters and a refined Hough transform technique. The detected horizontal lines are utilized to compute the cameras' orientations and distance from which the 3-D data of space points are derived analytically. Compared with a traditional system using a pair of projective cameras with nonadjustable camera orientations and distance, the proposed system has the advantages of offering more flexibility in camera setups, better usability in wide areas, higher precision in computed 3-D data, and more convenience for nontechnical users. Good experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed system.
A Bayesian Model for Crowd Escape Behavior Detection

People naturally escape from a place when unexpected events happen. Based on this observation, efficient detection of crowd escape behavior in surveillance videos is a promising way to perform timely detection of anomalous situations. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian framework for escape detection by directly modeling crowd motion in both the presence and absence of escape events. Specifically, we introduce the concepts of potential destinations and divergent centers to characterize crowd motion in the above two cases respectively, and construct the corresponding class-conditional probability density functions of optical flow. Escape detection is finally performed based on the proposed Bayesian framework. Although only data associated with nonescape behavior are included in the training set, the density functions associated with the case of escape can also be adaptively updated using observed data. In addition, the identified divergent centers indicate possible locations at which the unexpected events occur. The performance of our proposed method is validated in a number of experiments on crowd escape detection in various scenarios.
A cyclic oligonucleotide signaling pathway in type III CRISPR-Cas systems

Bacterial defense amplification Prokaryotic type III CRISPR systems use the effector complex and additional proteins such as Csm6 to destroy both the genome and the transcripts of invaders. However, how the effector complex and Csm6 coordinate CRISPR activity remains a mystery. Kazlauskiene et al. found that a cyclic oligonucleotide–based signaling pathway can regulate the defense response (see the Perspective by Amitai and Sorek). Upon target recognition, the Cas10 subunit of the effector complex synthesizes cyclic oligoadenylates, which act as second messengers to initiate and amplify the nuclease activity of Csm6. Science, this issue p. 605; see also p. 550 Cyclic oligoadenylates are signaling molecules that regulate type III-A CRISPR systems to provide full antiviral immunity in bacteria. Type III CRISPR-Cas systems in prokaryotes provide immunity against invading nucleic acids through the coordinated degradation of transcriptionally active DNA and its transcripts by the Csm effector complex. The Cas10 subunit of the complex contains an HD nuclease domain that is responsible for DNA degradation and two Palm domains with elusive functions. In addition, Csm6, a ribonuclease that is not part of the complex, is also required to provide full immunity. We show here that target RNA binding by the Csm effector complex of Streptococcus thermophilus triggers Cas10 to synthesize cyclic oligoadenylates (cAn; n = 2 to 6) by means of the Palm domains. Acting as signaling molecules, cyclic oligoadenylates bind Csm6 to activate its nonspecific RNA degradation. This cyclic oligoadenylate–based signaling pathway coordinates different components of CRISPR-Cas to prevent phage infection and propagation.
DINITROPHENOL: ITS THERAPEUTIC AND TOXIC ACTIONS IN CERTAIN TYPES OF PSYCHOBIOLOGIC UNDERACTIVITY

In a recent report, Cutting, Mehrtens and Tainter 1 summarized their experimental and clinical studies of the pharmacologic properties of alpha-dinitrophenol (1-2-4) (C 6 H 3 (NO 2 ) 2 OH) and concluded that The outstanding actions [of the drug] are sustained increases in metabolism and body temperature, enormous activity of all metabolic functions, and fatal pyrexia with excessive doses. Doses within therapeutic range cause in man significant increases in metabolism without fever, which may be useful in treatment of obesity, hypothyroidism and similar depressed metabolic states. In a later communication, Tainter, Stockton and Cutting, 2 reporting on their clinical experience with the use of the drug in the treatment of obesity, stated: The predominant action of dinitrophenol is to stimulate metabolism and heat production. An average loss of weight of between 2 and 3 pounds weekly was produced by an average daily dose of 0.3 Gm. (5 grains) of the
Crystal structure of the human lysosomal mTORC1 scaffold complex and its impact on signaling

Structure of human mTORC1 components The mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) complex garners much attention as a signaling hub that coordinates input from growth-factor receptors and nutrient availability with metabolism and cell growth and proliferation. de Araujo et al. report the crystal structure of the LAMTOR (or “Ragulator”) complex that helps assemble mTORC1 at the lysosomal membrane for activation. The structure and functional studies reveal how LAMTOR1 wraps around the other subunits to hold them in place and interacts with the Rag guanosine triphosphatases in the complex. Science, this issue p. 377 Structural insights into nutrient and growth factor signaling at the lysosome. The LAMTOR [late endosomal and lysosomal adaptor and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) activator] complex, also known as “Ragulator,” controls the activity of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) on the lysosome. The crystal structure of LAMTOR consists of two roadblock/LC7 domain–folded heterodimers wrapped and apparently held together by LAMTOR1, which assembles the complex on lysosomes. In addition, the Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) associated with the pentamer through their carboxyl-terminal domains, predefining the orientation for interaction with mTORC1. In vitro reconstitution and experiments with site-directed mutagenesis defined the physiological importance of LAMTOR1 in assembling the remaining components to ensure fidelity of mTORC1 signaling. Functional data validated the effect of two short LAMTOR1 amino acid regions in recruitment and stabilization of the Rag GTPases.
Cross cultural education in suicide prevention: Development of a training resource for use in Central Australian Indigenous communities

Abstract The DVD ‘Suicide Story’ was developed by the Life Promotion Program of the Mental Health Association of Central Australia as a training resource for use in suicide prevention workshops targeting Central Australian Indigenous communities. The literature suggests there are currently limited suicide prevention training programs that include meaningful and effective education resources for Indigenous Australians, particularly those that have been evaluated. An evaluation was conducted by the Centre for Remote Health to assess participants’ perceptions about the ‘Suicide Story’ training resource in order to provide feedback for further improvements, assist with future distribution, and inform the development of the Train the Trainer workshops and a training manual. Evaluation results indicated that the DVD increased trainees’ knowledge and confidence to respond to someone at risk of suicide. It was also recognised that applying the principles of cultural safety within the area of suicide prevention will lead to initiatives that are more informed, more applicable, and ultimately more effective. The overall recommendation was that the training resource is delivered within the context of a well facilitated suicide prevention workshop, including support and involvement of local cultural consultants and Indigenous implementers.