Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enforcing Levy relaxation for multi-mode fibers with correlated disorder

Environmental perturbations and noise are source of mode mixing and interferences between the propagating modes of a complex multi-mode fiber (MMF). Typically, they are characterized by their correlation (paraxial) length, and their spectral content which describes the degree of coupling between various modes. We show that an appropriate control of these quantities allows to engineer Levy-type relaxation processes of an initial mode excitation. Our theory, based on random matrix theory modeling, is tested against realistic simulations with MMFs.
Proposed subtopic for GC 7 : “ Journeys in Non-Classical Computing ” Nanotechnology : opportunities and challenges

machines and process calculi The first model to capture the complex interplay between non-determinism and concurrency in distributed systems was Petri Nets [Pet], these nets were designed information flow in natural as well as man-made systems. In the early eighties, algebraic process calculi [BHR][Mil] were designed to model interactive systems hierarchically, and to model their behaviour abstractly. The Chemical Abstract Machine [BeB] captured the spatial structure of systems. The pi calculus [MPW] and mobile ambient calculus [CaG] made a further step in modelling systems that can reconfigure both their spatial arrangement and their connectivity. These models have influenced the design of programming and specification languages, for example LOTOS, occam and Handel-C, and Ada. They have been developed to model systems stochastically, and to deal with hybrid discrete/continuous systems. Recently their theory has been seen to extend to graphical models that are a priori suitable for populations of agents such as nanites.
Network Pharmacology/Metabolomics-Based Validation of AMPK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway as a Central Role of Shengqi Fuzheng Injection Regulation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer-Related Fatigue

Chinese herbal medicines have multiple targets and properties, and their use in multidisciplinary cancer therapies has consequently received increasing attention. Here, we have investigated the possible active ingredients associated with cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in the Shengqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI). In vitro cell models were used to measure the regulation effects of SFI on CRF. Metabolomic analysis was used to identify the potential genes and pathways in C2C12 mouse myoblasts treated with SFI, and the interaction of compounds and CRF targets was predicted using network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. The putative pathways were further verified using immuno-blotting assays. The results showed that SFI significantly inhibited muscle cell apoptosis and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential of muscle cells. The network pharmacology analysis results identified 36 candidate compounds, and 244 potential targets were yielded by SFI, and they shared 10 key targets associated with cancer-related fatigue. According to the enrichment analysis and experimental validation, SFI might ameliorate muscle cell mitochondrial function by activating AMPK and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and the expression changes of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes MnSOD and apoptosis-associated proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were also triggered. The functions and mechanisms of SFI in anticancer-related fatigue were found here to be at least partly due to the targeting of the AMPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and this has highlighted new potential applications for network pharmacology when researching Chinese Medicines.
THE OPTIMAL EXTRACTION METHOD OF INDIGO NATURALIS IN LIQUID COMPOUND PREPARATION

OBJECTIVE: To study the optimal extraction method of indigo naturalis in liquid compound preparation. METHODS: The optimal extraction method was investigated by the main effective factor that indigo naturalis was treated with different methods and if it was matched with other medicines, which the markers were the determination of content and the identification of TLC(half quantitative method . RESULTS: The optimal extraction method and then was that indigo natu- ralis treated with 18%HCI accompanied with medicine matched was refluxing with 70% alcohol. CONCLUSION: This method was a reference extraction for liquid compound preparation com- taining indigo naturalis.
Hyaluronic Acid Coated Liposomes Co-Delivery of Natural Cyclic Peptide RA-XII and Mitochondrial Targeted Photosensitizer for Highly Selective Precise Combined Treatment of Colon Cancer

Background Natural cyclopeptide RA-XII, isolated from Rubia yunnanensis, is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for colon cancer. The photosensitizer protoporphyrin-IX attached with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) could possess mitochondria targeting capacity and exert photodynamic therapy (PDT) by inducing oxidizing damage to the mitochondria and cell apoptosis eventually. In this work, pH-sensitive liposomes were constructed to simultaneously deliver RA-XII as a chemotherapeutic drug and modified porphyrin as a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer to treat colon cancer, and verified its mechanism of action and antitumor therapeutic efficacy. Methods The colon cancer targeting liposome nanoparticle RA/TPPP-Lip was synthesized using thin film hydration. The therapeutic effect and targeting ability of RA/TPPP-Lip was investigated in vitro. And use HCT116 cell allogeneic subcutaneous transplantation tumor model to investigate the anti-tumor and targeting effects of RA/TPPP-Lip in vivo. Results RA/TPPP-Lip gained the targeting ability through surface-modified HA to increase the accumulation of RA-XII and TPPP in colon cancer cells. A series of in vitro experimental results showed that TPPP produced cytotoxic ROS under laser irradiation to directly damage cell mitochondria and played a combined role with RA-XII, making RA/TPPP-Lip the best colon cancer cell growth inhibitory effect. Furthermore, in vivo antitumor experiments showed that the RA/TPPP-Lip substantially accumulated at the tumor site and efficiently repressed tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusion We have successfully designed a new cancer-targeted nanomedicine platform (RA/TPPP-Lip) for the collaborative treatment of colon cancer, which can achieve the targeted continuous release of multiple therapeutic drugs. This work provides a new strategy for precise combination therapy, which may promote the further development of collaborative cancer treatment platforms.
Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Different Core Build-up Materials: An In Vitro Study

Abstract The aim is to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with posterior direct composite (PRC) resin, bulk-fill composite resin, dual-cure composite (DCC) resin, and short fiber-reinforced composite (SFC) resin material. Materials and methods Ninety sound maxillary premolar teeth were divided into 6 groups which comprised 15 teeth each. Group I was a negative control group where neither cavity preparation nor root canal treatment was done on the specimen. Group II was named positive control group as it was left unrestored after mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) preparation and root canal treatment. Groups III to VI were filled with PRC, bulk-fill composite, DCC, and SFC, respectively, and subjected to fracture testing in a universal testing machine. Results After statistical analysis, it was seen that group VI had increased mean fracture resistance as compared to other groups. Conclusion It was concluded that short fiber-reinforced composite proved to have superior properties that other experimental groups and hence can be used as a core build-up material. Clinical significance The core build-up is requisite as the residual tooth structure after endodontic procedure decreases and core build-up supplements the resistance and retention of the tooth structure. How to cite this article Kaur B, Gupta S, Grover R, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Different Core Build-up Materials: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):51–58.
Reliability of the Endoscopic Ultrasound Ulcerative Colitis (EUS-UC) score for assessment of inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis

Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) may be a useful modality for disease assessment and risk stratification in ulcerative colitis. We assessed the reliability of a newly developed EUS index of inflammation called the EUS-Ulcerative Colitis (EUS-UC) score. Patients and methods The EUS-UC score components include total wall thickness, hyperemia, and depth of inflammation (DOI). Three blinded expert endosonographers assessed EUS videos of 58 patients with UC in triplicate. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of the hyperemia and DOI component scores were estimated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Total wall thickness reliability estimates could not be assessed in this study. The ICCs were compared to the original indices from which they were derived. Results For hyperemia, the inter-class ICC was “moderate” at 0.556 (95 % CI = 0.434–0.651) and the intra class ICC was “almost perfect” at 0.884 (95 % CI = 0.835–0.920). The newly defined hyperemia score performed better than the original index from which is was derived. The DOI inter-class ICC was “fair” at 0.335 (95 % CI = 0.201–0.464), and the intra-class ICC was “substantial” at 0.732 (95 % CI = 0.642–0.802). The DOI reliability estimates were similar to the original index from which it was derived. Conclusions The hyperemia component of the EUS-UC score performed significantly better than the original index from which it was derived, but the reliability of the DOI component was suboptimal. Intra-class correlation was excellent for both components. The EUS-UC score is a promising instrument for assessment of UC and further validation is required.
Influenza A virus infection in turkeys induces respiratory and enteric bacterial dysbiosis correlating with cytokine gene expression

Turkey respiratory and gut microbiota play important roles in promoting health and production performance. Loss of microbiota homeostasis due to pathogen infection can worsen the disease or predispose the bird to infection by other pathogens. While turkeys are highly susceptible to influenza viruses of different origins, the impact of influenza virus infection on turkey gut and respiratory microbiota has not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the relationships between low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus replication, cytokine gene expression, and respiratory and gut microbiota disruption in specific-pathogen-free turkeys. Differential replication of two LPAI H5N2 viruses paralleled the levels of clinical signs and cytokine gene expression. During active virus shedding, there was significant increase of ileal and nasal bacterial contents, which inversely corresponded with bacterial species diversity. Spearman’s correlation tests between bacterial abundance and local viral titers revealed that LPAI virus-induced dysbiosis was strongest in the nasal cavity followed by trachea, and weakest in the gut. Significant correlations were also observed between cytokine gene expression levels and relative abundances of several bacteria in tracheas of infected turkeys. For example, interferon γ/λ and interleukin-6 gene expression levels were correlated positively with Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas abundances, and negatively with Lactobacillus abundance. Overall, our data suggest a potential relationship where bacterial community diversity and enrichment or depletion of several bacterial genera in the gut and respiratory tract are dependent on the level of LPAI virus replication. Further work is needed to establish whether respiratory and enteric dysbiosis in LPAI virus-infected turkeys is a result of host immunological responses or other causes such as changes in nutritional uptake.
Detection of genomic regions associated malformations in newborn piglets: a machine-learning approach

Background A significant proportion of perinatal losses in pigs occurs due to congenital malformations. The purpose of this study is the identification of genomic loci associated with fetal malformations in piglets. Methods The malformations were divided into two groups: associated with limb defects (piglet splay leg) and associated with other congenital anomalies found in newborn piglets. 148 Landrace and 170 Large White piglets were selected for the study. A genome-wide association study based on the gradient boosting machine algorithm was performed to identify markers associated with congenital anomalies and piglet splay leg. Results Forty-nine SNPs (23 SNPs in Landrace pigs and 26 SNPs in Large White) were associated with congenital anomalies, 22 of which were localized in genes. A total of 156 SNPs (28 SNPs in Landrace; 128 in Large White) were identified for piglet splay leg, of which 79 SNPs were localized in genes. We have demonstrated that the gradient boosting machine algorithm can identify SNPs and their combinations associated with significant selection indicators of studied malformations and productive characteristics. Data availability Genotyping and phenotyping data are available at http://www.compubioverne. group/data-and-software/.
Alterations to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition is driven by warming at specific elevations

Background Global warming can alter plant productivity, and community composition which has consequences for soil-plant associated microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are distributed widely and form symbiotic relationships with more than 80% of vascular plants and play a key role in nutrient cycling processes at the ecosystem scale. Methods A simulated warming experiment at multiple elevations (3,000, 3,500, 3,800, and 4,170 m) was conducted utilizing an in-situ open-top chamber (OTC) for exploring the effect of global warming on AMF community structure in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). This region has been identified as one of the most sensitive areas to climatic changes. Soil DNA was extracted and sequenced using next the Mi-Seq platform for diversity profiling. Results AMF richness was higher under the simulated warming chamber, however this only occurred in the elevation of 3,500 m. Warming did not alter other AMF alpha diversity indices (e.g. Shannon, Ace, and Simpson evenness index). Glomus and Acaulospora were the dominate AMF genera as assessed through their relative abundance and occurrence in control and warming treatments at the different elevations. Conclusion Warming changed significantly AMF community. The effects of warming on AMF community structure varied depend on elevations. Moreover, the occurrences of AMF in different genera were also presented the different responses to warming in four elevations.
The Correlation of Cloud Computing and Big data: Review & Benefits

: The phrase "big data" was developed in answer to the fast expansion of global data as a technology capable of storing and analysing vast and diverse volumes of data, offering deep insights about consumers and experiments to both businesses and research. 4V’s of big data – volume, velocity, variety, and veracity – enables traditional data warehouses to tackle data management and analytics Cloud computing appears to be an ideal platform for storing large amounts of data. On the other hand, working with big data in the cloud has its own challenges, including balancing two opposing design principles. This paper includes a brief overview of big data and relationship between the cloud and big data. It also introduces the challenges of delivering big data.
A Deep Learning Approach to Predicting Race Using Personal Name and Location (Natural Language Processing)

In this project, I train a recurrent neural network to predict individuals’ race using information contained in their name and location of residence. I introduce a novel data source that contains millions of race/name/zipcode triplets and covers the entire US. I train my baseline LSTM model using only personal name data. The baseline model attains overall accuracy of 0.87, which is a non-trivial improvement over the existing benchmarks in the literature. However, because personal names of Non-Hispanic Whites and Non-Hispanic Blacks follow similar naming conventions, the baseline model struggles at accurately classifying Non-Hispanic Blacks. Using location data in addition to personal name improves classiﬁcation accuracy of the model for Non-Hispanic Blacks substantially, and allows the best model to achieve 0.89 accuracy on the test set.
Prophylactic anticoagulants to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome—A retrospective observational study

Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Guidelines suggest prophylactic anticoagulants to patients with high risk of thrombosis and low risk of bleeding, but the evidence behind this is poor. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness and risks of prophylactic anticoagulants (PAC) and investigate risk factors for VTE and bleeding in NS. Methods A retrospective medical records study including adults with NS, biopsy proven glomerular disease in the county of Västernorrland, Sweden. Outcomes were VTE, bleeding and death. Patients divided into PAC- and no PAC group were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Patient time was divided into serum/plasma(S/P)-albumin intervals (<20g/L and ≥20g/L) and VTE- and bleeding rates were calculated. Results In 95 included NS patients (PAC = 40, no PAC = 55), 7 VTE (7.4%) and 17 bleedings (18%) were found. Outcomes didn’t differ significantly between the PAC and no PAC group. Time with S/P-albumin <20g/L conferred higher rates/100 years of VTE (IRR 21.7 (95%CI 4.5–116.5)) and bleeding (IRR 5.0 (1.4–14.7)), compared to time with S/P-albumin>20g/L. Conclusion Duration of severe hypoalbuminemia (S/P-albumin <20g/L) in NS is a risk factor for both VTE and bleeding. There is a need for randomized controlled studies regarding the benefit of PAC in NS as well as risk factors of thrombosis and bleeding in NS.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing Intraoperative Red Blood Cell Transfusion Strategies

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: The objective of this work was to carry out a meta-analysis of RCTs comparing intraoperative RBC transfusion strategies to determine their impact on postoperative morbidity, mortality, and blood product use. Summary of Background Data: RBC transfusions are common in surgery and associated with widespread variability despite adjustment for casemix. Evidence-based recommendations guiding RBC transfusion in the operative setting are limited. Methods: The search strategy was adapted from a previous Cochrane Review. Electronic databases were searched from January 2016 to February 2021. Included studies from the previous Cochrane Review were considered for eligibility from before 2016. RCTs comparing intraoperative transfusion strategies were considered for inclusion. Co-primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and morbidity. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative and perioperative RBC transfusion. Meta-analysis was carried out using random-effects models. Results: Fourteen trials (8641 patients) were included. One cardiac surgery trial accounted for 56% of patients. There was no difference in 30-day mortality [relative risk (RR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–1.29] and pooled postoperative morbidity among the studied outcomes when comparing restrictive and liberal protocols. Two trials reported worse composite outcomes with restrictive triggers. Intraoperative (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.43–0.64) and perioperative (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.79) blood transfusions were significantly lower in the restrictive group compared to the liberal group. Conclusions: Intraoperative restrictive transfusion strategies decreased perioperative transfusions without added postoperative morbidity and mortality in 12/14 trials. Two trials reported worse outcomes. Given trial design and generalizability limitations, uncertainty remains regarding the safety of broad application of restrictive transfusion triggers in the operating room. Trials specifically designed to address intraoperative transfusions are urgently needed.
Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in the Elderly

Abstract It is estimated that approximately half of adults, older than 65 years of age, have been prescribed potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). This study’s objective was to determine the prevalence of PIM use among older patients. Two retrospective chart reviews were performed on 200 and 164 older patients who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGAs) at outpatient geriatrics clinics at the Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital (Glenrose) in 2012–13 and at the Misericordia Community Hospital (Misericordia) in 2016–17, respectively. Outcome measures included demographics; prevalence of PIM use; common PIMs used; whether PIM use was addressed, and if so, how; and total number of oral medications. At the Glenrose, the prevalence of PIM use was 45 per cent (90/200). Of the 90 patients who had used PIMs, 46.7 per cent (42/90) had at least one of their medications stopped or modified. At the Misericordia, the prevalence of PIM use was 57.3 per cent (94/164). Of the 94 patients who used PIMs, 47.9 per cent (45/94) had at least one of their medications stopped or modified. These results suggest that an increased awareness of PIM among physicians is needed to further decrease PIM use.
Investigation of copper and zinc speciation in pig slurry by a multitechnique approach

The fate of pollutants associated with organic wastes is a key issue. For example, pig slurry presents high concentration of Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) since they are used (at high concentration) as essential micronutrients in animal feeds. As a consequence, Cu and Zn accumulation was measured in soil surface layers that had been amended with pig slurry, inducing phytotoxicity as well as groundwater quality degradation. Better prediction of the mobility and bioavailability of Cu and Zn from pig slurry spreading can be achieved by determining the speciation of these elements. The aim of this study is to investigate Cu and Zn speciation in pig slurry. A multitechnique approach was adopted including size fractionation, XRD, SEM-EDS, ? XRF and XAS. The present study demonstrated that only 0.2% of total Cu or Zn present in pig slurry was bound to particles smaller than 0.45 ? m, while 75% of total Cu and Zn was bound to particles in the 0.45-20 ? m size range. XRF highlighted the colocalisation of Cu and sulfur. In addition, geochemical modelling demonstrated that physical chemical conditions within pig slurry lagoon are compatible with the precipitation of chalcocite (Cu2S). Finally, XANES shows that Cu speciation in raw pig slurry and size fractions is described by Cu2S and that its oxidation state is Cu(I). These Cu speciation in pig slurry may be the main reason for the observed Cu accumulation at the soil surface. Zn speciation revealed three patterns 49% Zn bound to organic matter, 37% amorphous Zn hydroxide, and 14% sphalerite (ZnS). The detected presence Zn sulphide, was unexpected and is reported for the first time. These three Zn forms seemed to be soluble in neutral or weakly acid soil systems, so the long-term impact of pig slurry spreading could lead to Zn leaching. (Texte integral)