Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salmonid stocking in five North Atlantic jurisdictions: Identifying drivers and barriers to policy change

New knowledge challenges long‐established practices of fish stocking and transfer because of increasing scientific consensus that the release of cultivated fish can pose risks to biodiversity; however, stocking can also improve fisheries, creating difficult decision trade‐offs regarding its use. Accordingly, controversy persists about fish stocking and transfer. No studies, however, have embraced a multinational perspective to understand the important governance dimensions of the success and failure of salmonid stocking and transfer policies. The present study has analysed the historical development and contemporary governance of the stocking and transfer of native and non‐native salmonids of the genera Salmo, Salvelinus, and Oncorhynchus in five legislative units around the North Atlantic Ocean: the Atlantic Provinces of Canada, France, Germany, Norway, and Sweden. The study is based on the analyses of published and unpublished literature, and a survey of experts. Current salmonid stocking policies and practices varied significantly among jurisdictions; the degree of policy change varied, from radical and rapid changes de jure and de facto in Atlantic Canada and Norway to incremental mostly de jure changes in France and Germany. Rapid policy change in Atlantic Canada, Norway, and partly in Sweden can be explained by the socio‐political importance of salmonid fisheries, stocking regulations based on policy objectives to conserve wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), well‐documented examples of the harmful consequences of transfers of non‐native species, and well‐developed vertical governance linkages. The policy changes resemble that of the ‘punctuated equilibrium policy framework’. By contrast, France and Germany place less socio‐political emphasis on salmonids, have stocking regulations less directed at wild salmonids, more local‐level decision making, more species‐rich fish communities, and little evidence of adverse ecological impacts of the transfer and stocking of salmonids. This has led to small, incremental changes in stocking policy de facto that are reflective of the ‘advocacy coalition policy framework’.
Examining the Impact of Amplify Reading on Student Literacy in Grades K-2. 2019 Report.

This paper presents the results of a quasi-experimental study examining the effectiveness of Amplify Reading, a digital supplemental literacy curriculum that students play independently at school or at home, in improving student literacy outcomes as measured by end of year Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) Next for students in Grades K-2. Students in Amplify Reading outperformed and outgrew a comparison sample of students from their district. Significant and meaningful effects were obtained over one semester with an average of fewer than seven hours of use of the program. This is less than the expected use over the course of a school year, suggesting the potential of stronger impact when the program is used over a longer period of time.
Tracking the many meanings of activisms and occupations: an ethnographic study of ‘Reclaim the City’, in Woodstock and Green Point, Cape Town

III OPSOMMING . IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . V LIST OF FIGURES . VII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . VIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 BACKGROUND . 1 1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM AND RATIONALE . 2 1.2.1 Key research questions . 2 1.3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF WOODSTOCK AND SEA POINT . 3 1.4 BACKGROUND OF RECLAIM THE CITY (RTC) . 6 1.5 LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK . 10 1.5.1 Social movements and rights-based activism . 10 1.5. 2 Heterogeneous nature of activism . 13 1.5. 3 Negotiating occupations . 14 1.6 METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK . 15 1.6. 1 Limitations . 17 1.7 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS . 17 1.8 CHAPTER OUTLINE . 19 CHAPTER 2: NOT A SINGLE (ACTIVIST) STORY . 21 2.1 MEETING THE ‘ACTIVISTS’ . 21 2.2 DIFFERENT PEOPLE, DIFFERENT ACTIVISTS . 22 2.3 OCCUPATIONS OF DIFFERENCE . 25 2.4 PEDAGOGIES OF ACTIVISM . 30 2.5 MAKING “RESPONSIBILIZED ACTIVISTS” . 36 CHAPTER 3: OCCUPATION NEGOTIATION . 40 3.1 HOUSING IN CONTEXT . 40 3.2 REVANCHIST OCCUPATIONS . 41 3.3 THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN LAW AND POLITICS . 45 3.4 THE EVER-PRESENT STATE . 47 3.5 THE RESILIENCE OF RECLAIM THE CITY (RTC) . 50 3.6 THE #OPENSTREETS CAMPAIGN . 53 CHAPTER 4: NAVIGATING REPRESENTATION: NGOS AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN PRACTICE . 58 4.1 THE BOLSTERING OF RTC . 58 4.2 THE PURPOSIVE ‘COALITION’ . 61 4.3 POWER RELATIONS NEGOTIATED . 65 4.4 COALITIONS OR CO-OPTED . 69 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION . 74 5.1 CONCLUDING REMARKS . 74 REFERENCE LIST . 78 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Estimating effective population size of large marine populations, is it feasible?

Sustainable exploitation of marine populations is a challenging task relying on information about their current and past abundance. Fisheries‐related data can be scarce and unreliable making them unsuitable for quantitative modelling. One fishery independent method that has attracted attention in this context consists in estimating the effective population size (Nₑ), a concept founded in population genetics. We reviewed recent empirical studies on Nₑ and carried out a simulation study to evaluate the feasibility of estimating Nₑ in large fish populations with the currently available methods. The detailed review of 26 studies found that published empirical Nₑ values were very similar despite differences in species and total population sizes (N). Genetic simulations for an age‐structured fish population were carried out for a range of population and samples sizes, and Nₑ was estimated using the Linkage Disequilibrium method. The results showed that already for medium‐sized populations (1 million individuals) and common sample sizes (50 individuals), negative estimates were likely to occur which for real applications is commonly interpreted as indicating very large (infinite) Nₑ. Moreover, on average, Nₑ estimates were negatively biased. The simulations further indicated that around 1% of the total number of individuals might have to be sampled to ensure sufficiently precise estimates of Nₑ. For large marine populations, this implies rather large samples (several thousands to millions of individuals). If however such large samples were to be collected, many more population parameters than only Nₑ could be estimated.
RAPID ONE STEP PROTOCOL FOR THE in vitro MICRO PROPAGATION OF Morus multicaulis VAR. GOSHOERAMI, AN ELITE MULBERRY VARIETY OF TEMPERATE REGION

Morus multicaulis cv. Goshoerami is the leading mulberry variety for silkworm rearing under temperate climatic conditions of Jammu and Kashmir, India. However, the propagation of this popular mulberry variety has always remained a point of contention due to its poor rooting response through stem cuttings. It normally takes 4 to 5 years for raising the saplings of this variety through conventional root grafting techniques. Therefore, for quick propagation of this poor rooting popular mulberry variety, a one step in vitro protocol was developed by culturing nodal explants from 2 year old plants on Murashige & Skoog (MS) media supplemented with individual as well as combination of phytohormones. The maximum shoot bud proliferation (6.3± 0.71 in cm) and rooting (14.7± 0.53 in cm) was observed when nodal explants were cultured on the combinational media of BAP (1 mg/L) and IBA (1 mg/L) after 14 days of culture. These in vitro raised plantlets were hardened by using the sterile soil and vermiculite in 2:1 ratio. Only 25 days were required for the micro propagation and hardening of raised plantlets of Goshoerami through this single step protocol. The hardened plantlets were successfully established in the field with 83% survival rate. The developed one step protocol can be used efficiently for the mass propagation of this elite mulberry variety throughout the year with in short span of 25 days. * Corresponding author KEYWORDS
Actimetry in infant sleep research: an approach to facilitate comparability

Study Objectives Only standardized objective assessments reliably capture the large variability of sleep behavior in infancy, which is the most pronounced during the human lifespan. This is important for clinical as well as basic research. Actimetry is a cost-efficient method to objectively track infant sleep/wake behavior by assessing limb movements. Nevertheless, the standardization of actimetry-based sleep/wake measures is limited by two factors: the use of different computational approaches and the bias towards measuring only nighttime sleep - neglecting ∼20 % of sleep infants obtain during daytime. Methods We used actimetry in 50 infants for 10 continuous days at ages 3, 6 and 12 mo in a longitudinal approach. We analyzed the infants’ sleep/wake behaviors applying with two commonly used algorithms: Sadeh and Oakley/Respironics. We compared minute-by-minute agreement and Kappa between the two algorithms, as well as the algorithms with sleep/wake measures from a comprehensive 24-hour, parent-reported diary. Results Agreement between uncorrected algorithms was moderate (77 – 84%). By introducing a 6-step adjustment, we increased agreement between algorithms (96 – 97%) and with the diary. This decreased the difference between the two algorithms in e.g. Total Sleep Duration from 4.5 h to 0.2 h. Conclusions This computational pipeline enhances comparability between infant actimetry studies and the inclusion of parent-reported diaries allows the integration of daytime sleep. Objectively assessed infant sleep that is comparable across different studies supports the establishment of normative developmental trajectories and clinical cutoffs.
A Modified Double Yield Surface Model of Frozen Soil Considering Particle Breakage

As a basic phenomenon of granular materials under high stress conditions, particle breakage has an important influence on the strength and stress-strain relationship of materials. It is generally believed that that frozen soil undergoes significant particle breakage during the triaxial shearing process. Based on original double yield surface model, a modified double yield surface constitutive model which considered particle breakage has been proposed. Compared with the experimental data, the proposed double yield surface model can describe its strain softening characteristics, dilatancy, elastoplasticity and particle breakage characteristics.
The effect of different rates and forms of sulfur on seed yield and micronutrient uptake by chickpea

Field experiments were conducted at two different locations (Barani Agricultural Research Institute Chakwal and farm field Talagang, district Chakwal) for two crop-growing seasons in northern rainfed Punjab, Pakistan to as sess the yield and micronutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The treatments were four combinations of two levels of sulfur (15 and 30 kg/ha) from two sources (gypsum and ammonium sulfate) and a no-sulfur control. Application of sulfur resulted in a significant increase in seed yield up to 17% over control. Ammonium sulfate was a more efficient source of sulfur as compared to gypsum at both the locations. Sulfur application resulted in a significant increase in micronutrient uptake by plant; however effect of sulfur application on soil pH at the end of experiment was not significant. Availability of soil zinc and copper increased with sulfur application at the end of two year experiment. Tissue copper and iron and soil available copper and iron correlated negatively with soil pH. Sulfur should be applied to chickpea grown under rainfed conditions in order to increase seed yield, to improve nutritional composition of product and to enhance efficiency of other fertilizers.
Can vegetation indicate a municipal solid waste landfill’s impact on the environment?

Our paper focused on the determination of heavy metals and nitrates in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). Four samples of tomatoes were analyzed by an accredited testing laboratory. The concentrations of heavy metals and nitrates in tomatoes spontaneously occurring on the landfill body meet the limits provided by law. Tomatoes from a chain store and private grower were used as standards. The conducted research complemented classic landfill monitoring (17 years) and long-term biomonitoring (6 years) of the landfill body and the nearest surroundings. Neither the concentrations of heavy metals in the tomatoes nor the concentrations of heavy metals in surface water, ground water, and leachate exceeded the limits stipulated by law. During the period of monitoring, no significant impact of the landfill on the environment was detected.
Effects of using different emulsifiers on properties of ice cream in production of low fat Kahramanmaraş type ice cream.

Ozet Bu calismada, yag ikame maddesi olarak Simplesse’in kullanildigi dusuk yagli Kahramanmaras tipi dondurmalarin kimyasal, fiziksel ve duyusal ozellikleri uzerine farkli emulgatorlerin etkisi belirlenmistir. Bu amacla %2 yagli sutlere, %5 yag ikame maddesi, %22 seker ve %1 stabilizator kombinasyonu (%0.5 Salep+%0.3 Karaya Gum+%0.2 Jelatin) ilavesiyle hazirlanan dondurma mikslerine %0.2, %0.4 ve %0.6 oranlarinda iki farkli emulgator (Palsgaard ve Polisorbat 80) ilave edilmistir. Farkli oranlarda emulgator kullaniminin dondurmalarin kimyasal, fiziksel ve duyusal ozelliklerini onemli duzeyde etkiledigi belirlenmistir (P<0.05). Polisorbat 80 (PS 80) iceren dondurmalarin dusuk hacim artisi oranlarina sahip oldugu buna karsin erime ozelliklerinin iyilestigi belirlenmistir. Palsgaard iceren dusuk yagli dondurmalarin duyusal ozelliklerinin kontrolle benzer oldugu belirlenmistir.
Calibration of Parameters in Beta-Delta HMX Phase Transformation Kinetics Using Computer Simulations

The kinetics of the beta-delta solid-solid phase transformation of HMX (nitramine octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) were modeled in ALE2D using four similar equilibrium-inhibited nucleation-growth models: a reversible set of Arrhenius kinetics following a LANL model, and three sets of kinetics derived based on an autocatalytic model using the bidirectional reaction formalism. The parameters for the bidirectional kinetics models were calibrated using simulations of two experimental setup scenarios where experimental data is available: 165 C XRD and SITI. In this calibration, the transition enthalpy and activation energy values were kept constant, while the frequency factors were iterated to achieve results similar to those provided by the experiments. This process yielded six unique sets of kinetic parameters that describe the phase transformation: a pair of sets for each of the three bidirectional kinetics models. The models calibrated using 165 C XRD data showed good agreement with LX-04 STEX experimental results, while the SITI-based models were in good agreement with the LANL model and PBX-9501 STEX experimental data. These bidirectional models were also shown to require less computational effort than the LANL model.
Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Effects of In-Ovo Injection of Manganese on Some Organ Weights and Lengths in Quail Hatching Eggs

In-ovo injection is applied in order to provide positive effects on hatchability, chick quality and chick performance by giving various substances to amniotic fluid during the development of the embryo (Uni and Ferket 2004; Abdulqader et al. 2017; Açıkgöz and Kırkpınar 2017; Peebles 2018). In-ovo application was first applied to turkey eggs for vaccination against Marek’s disease by Sharma and Burmester (1982).
Weather-Based Index Insurance Pricing- Canonical Vine Copula Function Approach

Gardening products, like apple, are exposed to a variety of risks caused by unfavorable weather conditions. This kind of risk is unavoidable, but manageable. Agricultural insurance is an effective scheme in weather risk management. Nevertheless, current insurance schemes have challenges, such as high transaction costs, and problems caused by asymmetric information, i.e. adverse selection and moral hazard. Therefore, this study aimed to present an appropriate insurance scheme for apple production in Damavand, the so-called “weather-based index insurance”. In this regard, the information on apple yield and weather variables was collected between 1987-2016, from Iranian Agriculture Jihad Organization and the local meteorological station. The dependency structure between apple yield and weather variables was investigated by C-Vine Copula as a joint distribution to compute the expected loss. Then, according to the expected loss, weatherbased index insurance premium was measured. The premium amount was equal to Thousand Rials 32,546.11 in the crop year 2016-17, which is different from the current insurance premium. This difference is because of the distinct nature of the two insurance schemes and the imperative and official mode of current insurance scheme.
Identification of promoter for adventitious root-specific gene expression from sweet potato

Since sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) produces high yield of storage roots (SR), it is an attractive target for improving productivity. However, molecular information about sweet potato is limited. The number of SR per plants determines the yield of sweet potato. SRs develop from adventitious roots (AR). Therefore, the mechanisms responsible for the initiation and development of AR need to be elucidated to increase the productivity of sweet potato. We conducted a transcriptomic analysis between nodes containing AR primordia (ARnode) and stems using next-generation sequencing to identify AR-specific promoters. A total of 6,219 contigs exhibited stronger expression in the ARnodes than in the stems. Among them, we found that the expression of sweet potato Plant AT-rich sequenceand zinc-binding protein (IbPLATZ) transcription factors was AR-specific. We examined the promoter activity of IbPLATZ in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants. β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that the IbPLATZ promoter conferred the expression of the GUS reporter gene in a root tipspecific manner. These results indicate that the IbPLATZ promoter is available for a root tip-specific foreign gene expression system in transgenic plants.
Temperature dependence of the phonon frequencies of molybdenum: a tight-binding molecular dynamics study

The phonon dispersion curves of molybdenum at zero temperature as well as at elevated temperatures are studied, using our recently developed semi-empirical tight-binding model. At zero temperature the phonon dispersion curves are obtained by frozen-phonon calculations as well as by a dynamical matrix approach. The phonon frequency shifts due to an increase in temperature are calculated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the quasiharmonic contribution to the total frequency shift is determined. An alternative approach for calculating the frequency shifts without performing MD simulations is also presented.
How wry is a Wrybill?

The laterally asymmetrical bill of New Zealand’s endemic Wrybill Anarhynchus frontalis is unique among birds and has inspired much debate regarding its evolution and functional significance. Despite this, only one previous study has attempted to quantify the range of individual variation in bill shape, but used a single metric of curvature (bill tip angle). Using standardized digital photographs of 40 live Wrybills, we explored a range of metrics of bill length and curvature to describe the variation in bill shape in greater detail. Like the previous study, we found no sexual dimorphism in bill shape, despite males being slightly longer-billed than females, and recorded similar variation in bill tip angle (16–23°). However, we found that this single metric under-represented overall variation in bill shape, due to significant differences in where curvature began and was most pronounced along the length of the bill. Principal component analysis indicated that at least three independent metrics were required to describe the shape variation among individuals. Subtle differences in bill shape could plausibly affect an individual’s relative success among the range of Wrybill foraging strategies observed in breeding and non-breeding habitats. Elucidating the potential behavioral and fitness consequences of this variation will require detailed foraging and demographic studies with individuals of known bill morphology.
Selection of Electric Vehicles for Public Use Using AHP

As the entire world shifts from the use of normal vehicles, which consumes fuel, to the use of electric vehicles; the aim of this project is to help the customers choose the best Electric Vehicle (EV) to use for the courier logistics in the Jordanian market, using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This decision making methodology, AHP, has been extensively used to make decisions in different logistics branches. Themain phases of using this tool in this research are to select the alternatives which are the EVs, choose appropriate criteria for selection, and construct realistic comparison matrix based on technical data or experts’ opinions. To apply this methodology, four quantitative criteria and six qualitative criteria for selection were used, 􀅮ive types of electrical and/or hybrid vehicles are considered because they are available in the Jordanian market, and both technical data and experts’ opinions were used to construct the comparison matrices. It is found in the results that consistency ratios are less than 10%, which means that the data are acceptable. Additionally, it is found that the reliability criterion gets the highest interest among participants who 􀅮illed out the survey. Finally, Tesla S is found to be the best choice based on different criteria and its economical feasible to be used.
Perbandingan Model Pembelajaran Guided Inquiry dan Model Pembelajaran Guided Discovery terhadap Hasil Belajar Biologi Konsep Sistem Reproduksi Manusia pada Siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 20 Pangkep

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Inquiry dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery pada pokok bahasan sistem reproduksi manusia kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 20 Pangkep. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi eksperimen) menggunakan desain pretest-postest nonequivalent control group design. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 20 Pangkep pada tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang terdiri dari 2 kelas yang berjumlah 62 siswa, dengan jumlah sampel sama dengan populasi yaitu 31 orang pada kelas XI IPA 1 dan 31 orang dari kelas XI IPA 2. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh pada kedua kelompok tersebut melalui analisis statistik deskriptif dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 16.00 dengan rata- rata hasil belajar biologi menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Inquiry sebesar = 84,03 sedangkan rata-rata hasil belajar biologi menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery sebesar = 73,06. Hasil analisis homogenitas data menunjukkan bahwa Nilai signifikasi yang didapatkan dari pengujian adalah 0,411 jadi dapat diketahui bahwa data yang diteliti mempunyai varian homogeny karena signifikasi (0,423) > a (0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa H1 ditolak dan H0 diterima, sehinga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan perbedaan hasil belajar Model pembelajaran Guided Inquiry dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Terhadap Hasil belajar Biologi Konsep Sistem Reproduksi manusia pada Siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 20 Pangkep.