Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIGH SPEED, PRECISION MOTION STRATEGIES FOR LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES

S OF PUBLISHED PAPERS AND THESES ABSTRACT1 Controlling Flexible Manipulators, An Experimental Investigation1 Controlling Flexible Manipulators, An Experimental Investigation Lightweight, slender manipulators offer faster response and/or greater workspace range for the same size actuators than traditional manipulators. Lightweight construction of manipulator links results in increased structural flexibility. The increased flexibility must be considered in the design of control systems to properly account for the dynamic flexible vibrations and static deflections. This thesis experimentally investigates real time control of the flexible manipulator vibrations. Models intended for real-time control of distributed parameter systems such as flexible manipulators rely on modal approximation schemes. A linear model based on the application of Lagrangian dynamics to a rigid body mode and a series of separable flexible modes is examined with respect to model order requirements, and modal candidate selection. Balanced realizations is applied to the linear flexible model to obtain an estimate of appropriate order for a selected model. Describing the flexible deflections as a linear combination of modes results in measurements of beam state, (position, strain, etc.), which yield information about several modes. To realize the potential of linear systems theory, in particular to implement full state feedback, knowledge of each state must be available. Reconstruction of the time varying modal amplitudes from strain measurements is examined. Reduced order observers are utilized to obtain estimates of the modal velocities from the reconstructed modal amplitudes. State estimation · is also accomplished by implementation of a Kalman Filter. State feedback control laws are implemented based upon linear quadratic regulator design. Specification of the closed loop poles in the regulator design process is obtained by inclusion of a prescribed degree of stability in the manipulator model. ABSTRACT2 Verification of a Linear Dynamic Model for Flexible Robotic Manipulators2 Verification of a Linear Dynamic Model for Flexible Robotic Manipulators This paper describes a linear state-space model for a flexible single link manipulator arm. The resultant model is compared to an experimental four foot long direct drive manipulator. The method employed to generate the model utilizes a separable formulation of assumed modes to represent the transverse
Study of some Effecting Factors on the Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon

: The current study aims to remove organic pollutants (phenol) from industrial effluent using batch adsorption on activated carbon. Batch mode adsorption experiments were performed by varying of some different parameters such as particles size, contact time, weight of adsorbent and pH of the solution. The obtained results indicate that the adsorption of phenol increases with increasing the pH value of the solution and also mixing time. It seems that the mixing time of 120 minutes is fixed as the optimum contact time for adsorption of phenol onto activated carbon. The results also show that, the adsorption data fit well with freundlich model of adsorption isotherm.
Work Systems as Frames of Reference for HR Disclosure

The paper focuses on the challenge of coding and interpreting the human resource disclosures. Treating disclosed signals as positive or negative depends on the implicit contextual frames of reference. Such frames represent a combination of legitimate human resource practices, processes, initiatives, values and beliefs. The research explores applicability of human resource management systems, also known as work systems, within the confines of such frames. Additional attention is paid to the reasons of variety in the human resource disclosures and the rationale of preferring one work system over the other despite limited freedom of choice among available standards. Through analysis of the content, extent and quality of the employees-related disclosure by 18 top banks in Russia for the 2016 period, the research discusses opportunities and barriers of work systems as the frames of reference for HR disclosure. Research design relies on thematic and content analysis to compare existing standards with the ones proposed by the strategic human resource management literature.
Regular triangulations as lexicographic optimal chains

We introduce a total order on n-simplices in the n-Euclidean space for which the support of the lexicographic-minimal chain with the convex hull boundary as boundary constraint is precisely the n-dimensional Delaunay triangulation, or in a more general setting, the regular triangulation of a set of weighted points. This new characterization of regular and Delaunay triangulations is motivated by its possible generalization to submanifold triangulations as well as the recent development of polynomial-time triangulation algorithms taking advantage of this order.
Primarily resident grizzly bears respond to late-season elk harvest

Abstract: Autumn ungulate hunting in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem carries the risk of hunter–grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) conflict and creates a substantial challenge for managers. For Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA, a key information need is whether increased availability of elk (Cervus canadensis) carcasses during a late autumn (Nov–Dec) harvest within the national park attracts grizzly bears and increases the potential for conflict with hunters. Using a robust design analysis with 6 primary sampling periods during 2014–2015, we tested the hypothesis that the elk harvest resulted in temporary movements of grizzly bears into the hunt areas, thus increasing bear numbers. We detected 31 unique individuals (6 F, 25 M) through genetic sampling and retained 26 encounter histories for analysis. Markovian movement models had more support than a null model of no temporary movement. Contrary to our research hypothesis, temporary movements into the study area occurred between the July–August (no hunt; N̄2014–2015 = 5) and September–October (no hunt; N̄2014–2015 = 24) primary periods each year, rather than during the transition from September–October (no hunt) to November–December (hunt; N̄2014–2015 = 15). A post hoc analysis indicated that September–October population estimates were biased high by detections of transient bears. Grizzly bear presence during the elk hunt was limited to approximately 15 resident bears that specialized in accessing elk carcasses. The late timing of the elk hunt likely moderated the effect of carcasses as a food attractant because it coincides with the onset of hibernation. From a population response perspective, the current timing of the elk harvest likely represents a scenario of low relative risk of hunter–bear conflicts. The risk of hunter–grizzly bear encounters remains, but may be more a function of factors that operate at the level of individual bears and hunters, such as hunter movements and bear responses to olfactory cues.
Screening Contracts for Product and Process Development: A Principal-Agent Model

Consider a product and process development project involving two parties: a “buyer” who expends effort to develop product specifications, and a supplier who expends effort to develop process specifications and produce the “product. ” The supplier’s total production cost depends on the buyer’s product specification effort, the supplier’s process specification effort, and the supplier’s production capability. The supplier’s capability is hidden from the buyer, and the buyer’s problem is to determine a contract mechanism to minimize her total expected cost, which includes the supplier’s production cost and a contract fee. We develop a principal-agent model to analyze a contract in which the buyer specifies a single product specification and price, a product-specification screening contract, and a product-process screening contract. In the screening contracts, the buyer proposes a menu of “options” and prices, and the supplier reveals his capability by the choice he makes. Theoretical and numerical results demonstrate that the nature of the two screening contracts depends on whether the buyer’s production effort and the supplier’s capability are complements or substitutes. Furthermore, screening contracts reduce the buyer’s total expected cost compared to the single product-specification contract in the case of complements but not in the case of substitutes. This result provides theoretical justification for the wide use of product development contracts in which product specifications are not adapted to supplier capabilities (i.e. single product specification contracts), and identifies conditions under which such contracts will be inefficient.
Risk Prediction of Sinkhole Occurrence for Different Subsurface Soil Profiles due to Leakage from Underground Sewer and Water Pipelines

A sinkhole is a ground surface depression that may occur with or without any indications on the surface and often pose danger to both properties and people. Leakage from underground pipe mains in urban areas may cause sudden ground subsidence or sinkholes. For a long time, researchers have been working on the hazard and risk assessment of sinkhole formation, especially natural sinkholes. However, much less work has been done on risk prediction and the mechanism of manmade sinkholes. In this study, different versions of small-scale sinkhole physical models were used in experiments to monitor ground surface settlement or collapse due to leakage from an underground pipeline. The factors under consideration were the type of subsurface soil profile, type of water flow, and leakage position in the pipeline. The ultimate goal was to use this information to predict the risk of sinkhole occurrence due to leakage from sewer or water pipelines under different subsurface soil conditions. The experimental results and statistical analysis showed that the subsurface soil strata conditions dominated the mechanism of sinkhole occurrence, although other factors also have contributed to the settlement. Then, this analysis was used to predict the sinkhole risk level under different conditions. The development of a reliable sinkhole risk prediction system can potentially minimize the risk to human lives and infrastructure. These findings can be applied to the development of a sinkhole risk index (SRI) that considers various other factors influencing sinkhole occurrence.
Discussion Regarding the Principles of Exergy Analysis Applied to HVAC Systems

Abstract Exergy is another name for available energy that measures the ability of the energy source to produce useful work. This article provides an analytical review of some pertinent works in HVAC application. Some general conclusions can be obtained. Exergy efficiency is more rational than energy efficiency; exergy analysis is more helpful than energy analysis for locating and evaluating available energy saving potentials, identifying opportunities for improvements in system design and establishing cost effective system mainte-nance programs. In addition, an unusual selection of dead–states novel to HVAC applications is suggested, which simplifies the exergy analysis by eliminating the necessity of calculating the exergy of water at ambient temperature (T0). Such a selection will also make it easier to evaluate the precooling capacity of moist air. In this paper, the authors also suggest a functional classification to break down the HVAC project in a hierarchical structure for exergy analysis. The HVAC system is considered as an exergy service system that provides exergy for pure consumption in exergy consumer systems such as conditioning space. The exergy service system can be further broken down into different components. The exergy flows are also classified according to their functions as source exergy flow and service exergy flow to assist the evaluation of the performance of the systems or components. Relevant principles of exergy analysis are discussed. Finally, examples are calculated to demonstrate the application and the reasonability of the above propositions.
Qom—A New Hydrologic Prediction Model Enhanced with Multi-Objective Optimization

The efficient calibration of hydrologic models allows experts to evaluate past events in river basins, as well as to describe new scenarios and predict possible future floodings. A difficulty in this context is the need to adjust a large number of parameters in the model to reduce prediction errors. In this work, we address this issue with two complementary contributions. First, we propose a new lumped rainfall-runoff hydrologic model—called Qom—which is featured by a limited set of continuous decision variables associated with soil moisture and direct runoff. Qom allows to separate and quantify the volume of losses and excesses of the rainwater falling in a hydrographic basin, while a Clark’s model is used to determine output hydrograms. Second, we apply a multi-objective optimization approach to find accurate calibrations of the model in a systematic and automatic way. The idea is to formulate the process as a bi-objective optimization problem where the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient and percent bias have to be minimized, and to combine the results found by a set of metaheuristics used to solve it. For validation purposes, we apply our proposal in six hydrographic scenarios, comprising river basins located in Spain, USA, Brazil and Argentina. The proposed approach is shown to minimize prediction errors of simulated streamflows with regards to those observed in these real-world basins.
Studies on physical status, physical activity, attitudes, and self-perception in children and adolescents

The aim was to gain knowledge of young people’s physical status and physical activity, and to further the understanding of the role of school physical education in a salutogenic public health perspective. Two studies were performed in southern Sweden. Study 1 was performed in 1996 among 301 adolescents aged 16–19 in upper secondary school. It comprised three parts: a questionnaire, seven physical tests, anthropometrical measures and information on every student’s grades. Study 2, with a longitudinal design and annual measurements, was performed in 2000–2003 (n=205– 275) among children aged 6–12 in two primary schools, one intervention school with expanded physical education lessons, and one norm school which followed the stipulated curricular time. The study comprised a questionnaire, eleven physical tests and anthropometrical measures. In Study 1, students in practical education for occupations such as industrial and building workers, mechanics, assistant nurses and hairdressers, all of which are occupations involving physical effort, had lower physical capacity than students in theoretical education among both boys and girls. A correlation was found between physical capacity and grades. An interrelation between Sense of Coherence (SOC) and attitudes to physical education was found, indicating that past experiences of physical activity and physical education could contribute to the development of SOC, and actual levels of SOC could influence the persistent attitudes to physical education and be important for lifelong
Energy Effectiveness of Jet Fuel Utilization in Brazilian Air Transport

Since World War I, the commercial aviation industry has seen many improvements that now allow people and goods to reach the other side of the world in a few hours, consuming much less fuel than in recent decades. Improvements in cargo capacity and energy efficiency were significant, and in this scenario, commercial airlines were able to thrive and bring great benefits to the world economy. However, this sector is facing environmental challenges due to the intensive use of jet fuel. Brazil is one of the largest domestic air passenger markets in the world and still has great growth potential, considering its economic potential and territorial dimensions, which are roughly the same size as the US and twice the size of the European Union. This paper discusses the partial productivity of jet fuel in Brazilian domestic aviation and proposes an econometric method to support public regulators and airline decisions. The proposed model uses variables, such as aircraft size, route characteristics, and idle flight capacity, in a panel data analysis. The results show that reducing idle capacity is one of the best ways to achieve better short-term fuel efficiency, and therefore will reduce the environmental impacts and have positive economic effects on commercial air transport activities. This paper brings a new approach to the discussion of airline performance, focusing on the use of jet fuel, with economic and environmental consequences.
ELECTROMAGNETIC-THERMAL ANALYSIS OF AN X-BAND LINAC STRUCTURE BY FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS

The design of RF structures for particle accelerators requires an accurate estimation of the sensitivity to the mechanical deformations induced by the surface power loss on the metallic walls. The prediction of these effects is important for conceiving a tuning strategy that assures the structure correctly operates when integrated into the accelerator complex. The work presented in this report has to be located in this frame. In fact a new experimental technique has been proposed to predict change in cavity frequency due to mechanical deformations for various thermal loads, using a thermal radiator. A multi-physics finite-element code (ANSYS) has allowed comparing, for the same heat power generated, the thermal distribution inside the structure due respectively to radiation heat and electromagnetic power loss produced in the π-mode. The comparison shows that the radiation heating by an internal heater could be effectively used for testing the frequency change under thermal load, encouraging to develop and qualify a methodology that can be easily and relatively cheaply implemented in laboratory.
Hypoxia-Targeting Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Sensitized Chemotherapy and Phototherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose Chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has many systemic side effects, as well as hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. To reduce side effects and enhance chemosensitivity are urgently needed. Methods We synthesized a drug delivery system (named CECMa NPs) based on cisplatin (CDDP) and metformin (chemotherapeutic sensitizer), of which chlorin e6 (Ce6) and polyethylene glycol diamine (PEG) were synthesized as the shell, an anti-LDLR antibody (which can target to hypoxic tumor cells) was modified on the surface to achieve tumor targeting. Results The NPs possessed a great synergistic effect of chemotherapy and phototherapy. After laser stimulation, both CDDP and metformin can be released in situ to achieve anti-tumor effects. Meanwhile, PDT and PTT triggered by a laser have anticancer effects. Furthermore, compared with free cisplatin, CECMa exhibits less systemic toxicity with laser irradiation in the xenograft mouse tumor model. Conclusion CECMa effectively destroyed the tumors via hypoxia targeting multimodal therapy both in vitro and in vivo, thereby providing a novel strategy for targeting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
The Impact of Microcredit on Rural Labour Market in Bangladesh

This paper assesses the impact of microcredit on the rural labour market in Bangladesh using data from a nationally representative large-scale survey. Two aspects of the impact on labour market are investigated – viz., employment at the household level and wage rate at the village level. With regard to the employment effect, the paper adopts a methodology that is capable of decomposing the effect into two parts – one representing the decision of a household to participate in a particular type of employment and the other representing the decision about the amount of employment to be undertaken. The econometrics of the Hurdle model is used for this purpose. The paper looked at both total level of employment and the pattern of employment (i.e., sector and mode of employment) of borrowers, and disaggregated the employment impact by gender and by ‘productive’ and ‘non-productive’ users of microcredit. In addition, the paper also considered the possible spill-over effect on non-borrowers. The results show that microcredit has a strong positive effect on the employment level of borrowing households. An average rural household gains 53 persondays of employment in a year as a result of access to microcredit, which amounts to about 19 per cent increase compared to what would obtain without microcredit. Males gain more than females in absolute terms but females gain proportionately more. Both productive and non-productive users of microcredit gain employment but the former gain more. The study did not find any evidence that the increase in employment enjoyed by microcredit borrowers occurs at the expense of non-borrowers. Apart from raising employment at the household level, microcredit also exerts a significant positive effect on the wage rate at the village level; a 10 per cent increase in the spread of microcredit in a village would raise the wage rate by 4.6 per cent.
How Importers Hedge Demand Uncertainty: Inventory, Dual Sourcing and the Effects of Trade Policy

This paper formulates a dynamic model of inventory investment to examine how importers may hedge demand uncertainty when importing intermediate goods takes time and orders have to be placed before the realization of demand is known. We consider two hedging strategies—building up inventory of imported goods, and using expensive domestic supplies to cover demand surges—and show how tariff protection affects hedging and hence inventory investment, the probability of stockouts and the import share. We find robust empirical evidence for these predictions from high-frequency transaction data for a U.S. steel wholesaler experiencing an episode of U.S. Section-201 tariffs on steel imports. In response to the tariff, inventories decline by up to 90%, accompanied by a significant decrease in the import share. JEL classification: F12, L81.
HEvAS: Headline Evaluation and Analysis System

Automatic headline generation is a subtask of one-line summarization with many reported applications. Evaluation of systems generating headlines is a very challenging and undeveloped area. We introduce the Headline Evaluation and Analysis System (HEvAS) that performs automatic evaluation of systems in terms of a quality of the generated headlines. HEvAS provides two types of metrics– one which measures the informativeness of a headline, and another that measures its readability. The results of evaluation can be compared to the results of baseline methods which are implemented in HEvAS. The system also performs the statistical analysis of the evaluation results and provides different visualization charts. This paper describes all evaluation metrics, baselines, analysis, and architecture, utilized by our system.