Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semiotic Model for Equivalence and Non-Equivalence in Translation

Purpose of the study: Not all languages have a universal concept of the same object, and this creates problems in translation. This paper aims to examine the semiotic model for equivalence or non-equivalence in translation which attempts to define the semiotic model, to use the model for translation, and to offer the benefits of this model to solving translation’s problem in equivalence and non-equivalence. Methodology: The data of this research are derived from the novel Lelaki Harimau, as the source language and L'homme Tigre, as the target language. This model is used in the Indonesian novel which has been translated into 14 languages, one of which is in French. The authors use a semiotic approach to analyze the equivalence and non-equivalence in the translation. Main Findings: This study reveals that the concept of signified in the semiotic theory proposes two models: the first: translation using the same concept in the source text (ST) and target text (TT), which is broadly known as equivalence, the second: translation using different concept between ST and TT, this called non-equivalence. This article not only explores the issue of meaning contextually in translation, but also the use of the semiotic model in translation which shows that the language perspective depends on the relationship between the sign and the object. Applications of this study: The model for this study can be used not only in translation studies at universities but also in providing supporting data for applied linguistic studies. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides a novelty in translation research with a semiotic approach. The contribution of this study is that the semiotics perspective suggests that a sign in the concept level (signified) will not be universal due to different cultural backgrounds.
Galanthamine biosynthesis in plant in vitro systems

The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid galanthamine (Gal) is a long‐acting, selective, reversible, and competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of early‐ to mid‐stage Alzheimer's disease, poliomyelitis, and other neurological diseases. Currently, Gal is produced by extraction from plants such as daffodils (Narcissus cultivar Carlthon), snowflake (Leucojum aestivum), “red‐tubed lily” (Lycoris radiata), and Ungernia victoria, and alternatively by chemical synthesis. Due to the increased demand by the generic pharmaceutical companies and the limited availability of plant sources, the biosynthesis of Gal by plant in vitro systems has been considered as an alternative approach for its sustainable production. The present article reviews the state of the art of in vitro Gal biosynthesis including growth regulators, medium components, culture conditions, elicitation, and bioreactor systems. It may be used as a starting point for further studies in this area leading to a progress in biotechnological production of this valuable alkaloid.
Direct determination of furaltadone metabolite, 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone, in meats by a simple immunoassay

Abstract Furaltadone is a banned drug for use in food producing animals and the marker residue of furaltadone in edible tissues is its metabolite, 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ). In this study, a novel polyclonal antibody of furaltadone was produced by using of the conjugate of furaltadone-bovine serum albumin as immunogen. The obtained antibody showed good specificity and sensitivity toward AMOZ with an IC50 value of 2.3 ng/mL. Then, an indirect competitive immunoassay (ELISA) with heterologous coating antigen was developed to directly determine AMOZ in animal meat with a simple sample preparation. The limit of detection for AMOZ in meat was 0.4 ng/g. At three fortification levels, the intra- and inter-assay recoveries from blank samples were in a range of 85.0%–103%. The ELISA method was further confirmed with a HPLC method in which AMOZ was determined after derivatization with 2-naphthaldehyde. The two methods showed good agreement from the analysis of incurred pork samples.
In vitro regeneration of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam.) from node explants.

Investigations on in vitro clonal propagation of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam. ) were carried out at tissue culture laboratory of National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria. Ipomea batatas variety 440293 used was maintained in a culture room at 28 ±2°C under a 16 h photoperiod provided by white florescent tubes (60 μmo/lm-2s-1). Phytohormonesαnaphthaleneactic acid (NAA) at different concentrations and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 2 mg/l were used for the study. Summarily, data collected on the assessed growth parameters of the explants as tested with F test and t test showed that both the different levels of NAA and the number of weeks of application significantly (P< 0.05) enhanced in vitro production of sweet potato.
Microbially influenced formation of Mg‐calcite and Ca‐dolomite in the presence of exopolymeric substances produced by sulphate‐reducing bacteria

Some species of sulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) are known to mediate the formation of dolomite and Mg‐calcite. However, their exact role in the mineralization process remains elusive. Here, we present the result of a laboratory experiment that was designed to test whether formation of carbonate minerals by SRB can occur in the absence of living cells, through passive mineralization of their exopolymeric substances (EPS). SRB capable of mediating dolomite were cultivated in the laboratory, allowing them to secrete EPS. Microbial activity within the cultures was subsequently inhibited with antibiotics. Only after this step, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were added to the solution and carbonate minerals could form. Mg‐calcite and disordered Ca‐dolomite precipitated in association with EPS. The mol. % of Mg2+ in the crystals increased with longer incubation times. This result demonstrates that organic compounds produced by SRB can mediate the formation of Ca‐Mg carbonates in the absence of an active metabolism.
Insectos acuáticos indicadores de calidad del agua en México: casos de estudio, ríos Copalita, Zimatán y Coyula, Oaxaca

Dentro de los macroinvertebrados que habitan los ambientes dulceacuicolas, los insectos son el grupo biologico mas idoneo para determinar la calidad del agua de los ecosistemas, ya sean lenticos o loticos. Considerando la sensibilidad y la tolerancia intrinsecas de los insectos acuaticos, en este estudio se aplico el indice biotico de Hilsenhoff (IBH, 1988) en las porciones alta, media y baja de 3 rios perennes: Copalita, Zimatan y Coyula, Oaxaca. El IBH mostro en los 3 casos una calidad del agua de buena a muy buena.
Hydroxamic acid content and plant development of maize (Zea mays L.) in relation to damage by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte

Recently identified resistance factors in two inbreds of maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated in relation to their concentrations over the course of maize root development. The purpose of this study was to determine the time of peak expression in relation to field resistance to larvae of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). Bi-weekly variation in root hydroxamic acid content, as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography, was compared with field resistance of 4- to 16-wk-old maize plants. The phytochemical analysis showed that the major hydroxamic acids in corn roots were 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), and its main degradation product was 6-methoxy-benzoxazoline (MBOA). The highest concentrations of DIMBOA equivalents, 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4(2H)-benzoxazin-3-one (HMBOA) and total hydroxamic acids were found in 6-wk-old root extracts for the inbred with low susceptibility, and 10-wk-old root extracts for the inbred with high susceptib.
It’s not just action but also about reflection: Taking stock of agency research to develop a future research agenda

Agency is the human capability to exert influence over one’s actions and environment, such as through forethought, self-regulation and self-reflection. We focus on six prominent agency constructs, including goal orientation, regulatory focus, proactivity, fear of failure, core self-evaluations and psychological capital, and review what we have learned from each construct. By adopting an overarching multidisciplinary perspective, we identify key research agendas for the six prominent constructs: (1) incorporating self-reflection into research on agentic disposition; (2) how agency dispositions equip employees for workplaces of the futures, yet also how such behaviours may challenge societal and corporate mechanisms of control; and (3) well-being and health-related consequences of agency. In addition, we highlight the importance of understanding the interface between agency scholarship and developments in technology, medicine and sociology. JEL Classification: M10, M14
Nutrient Composition of Raw and Cooked Meat of Male Southern King Crab (Lithodes santolla Molina, 1782)

This study provides information about nutrient composition of adult males of southern king crab (Lithodes santolla). Proximate composition of raw and cooked meat (g/100 g meat) averaged: moisture = 80.9 and 78.6, protein = 14.6 and 16.3, fat = 0.70 and 0.76, and ash = 2.03 and 2.10, respectively. Arginine, glutamic acid, leucine, and aspartic acid (20.4, 9.4, 8.0, and 7.9 g aa/100 g protein, respectively) were the major amino acids. The predominant fatty acid was 18:1n-9c (21.8 and 22.1%), followed by 20:5n-3 (17.1 and 21.8%), 16:0 (15.8 and 15.3%), and 22:6n-3 (11.0 and 13.5%). Cooked meat contained more cholesterol (51.0 mg/100 g meat) and phospholipids (60.1 mg/100 g meat) than raw meat (37.3 and 13.9 mg/100 g meat, respectively), with phosphatidylcholine representing over 80% of the total phospholipid content. The main tocopherol was α-tocopherol (raw meat = 1.30 mg/100 g meat, cooked meat = 1.14 mg/100 g meat). Major mineral contents of raw and cooked meat (mg/100 g meat) were: Na = 509 and 594, K = 179 and 203, Ca = 114 and 197, P = 126 and 143, Mg = 34 and 41, Fe = 1.26 and 1.86, and Zn = 1.88 and 2.64, respectively. Thus, the nutritional quality of the cooked meat of the southern king crab makes it especially adequate for cholesterol-restricted, balanced low-fat meat diets.
Impact of electrode thermal conductivity on high resistance state level in HfO2-based RRAM

This study examines the influence of different electrode thermal conductivity on switching behavior during the reset process. Electrical analysis methods and an analysis of current conduction mechanism indicate that better thermal conductivity in the electrode will require larger input power in order to induce more active oxygen ions to take part in the reset process. More active oxygen ions result in a more oxidized switching layer, and cause the effective switching gap (dsw) to become larger in the reset process. The effect of the electrode thermal conductivity and input power are explained by our model and clarified by electrical analysis methods.
User–Topic Modeling for Online Community Analysis

Analyzing user behavior in online spaces is an important task. This paper is dedicated to analyzing the online community in terms of topics. We present a user–topic model based on the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), as an application of topic modeling in a domain other than textual data. This model substitutes the concept of word occurrence in the original LDA method with user participation. The proposed method deals with many problems regarding topic modeling and user analysis, which include: inclusion of dynamic topics, visualization of user interaction networks, and event detection. We collected datasets from four online communities with different characteristics, and conducted experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by revealing interesting findings covering numerous aspects.
CAROTENOIDS IN JUICE OF SHAMOUTI ORANGE

SUMMARY— More than 50 carotenoids were isolated from the juice of Shamouti orange (Citrus sinensis [L] Osb.) using a combination of column and thin layer chromatography. In addition to carotenoids usually found in citrus, others not previously detected in common orange varieties were identified. These include γ-carotene, rubixanthin, the new ketones sinthaxanthin and its OH-derivative, as well as lutein 5,6-monoepoxide. The dial-polyol fraction was most predominant yielding about 70% of the total carotenoids. It was established that low pigmentation of Shamouti orange juice is due to its low total carotenoid content rather than the absence of colored carotenoids.
Ocimum basilicum Leaf Extract Induces Salinity Stress Tolerance in Faba Bean Plants

THE PRESENT work investigated the possible protective role of aqueous Ocimum basilicum leaves extract (OLE) on Vicia faba plants irrigated with different leves of salinity (0.0, 50, 100 or 150 mM NaCl). The toxic effects of salinity on Vicia faba plants were assessed by determining oxidative stress such as lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes activity [catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascrobate peroxidase (APX)], organic solutes (soluble sugars, soluble proteins and proline) and ions content (Na+, K+, Ca2 and Mg2+) on Vicia faba plants grown under salinity stress in the presence or absence of aqueous extract of O. basilicum leaves were also measured. The obtained results revealed that salinity stress resulted in a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, organic solutes, lipid peroxidation and ions content, which were associated with a significant reduction in growth parameters compared with control plants. OLE significantly alleviated the harmful effect of salinity on Vicia faba plants and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes activity, osmolytes (soluble sugar and soluble protein), and ions content (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+), which could be an induced defensive mechanism against salinity stress.
Longitudinal impact of early childhood science instruction on 5th grade science achievement

ABSTRACT This study investigated if student placement in a primary grade 1–3 classroom with a teacher who had been trained in a U.S. science Framework-aligned [National Research Council. (2012). A framework for K-12 science education: Practices, crosscutting concepts and core ideas. The National Academies Press] professional development science approach impacted student science achievement as measured in 5th grade. Students in the treatment group also received take-home science materials and treatment families were invited to participate in community-based science events. A two-level, random-slope mixed regression model was used to assess the effect of the treatment on later student achievement as measured by performance on the Science Subtest of the Ohio Achievement Assessment. This study found that students from the treatment group scored significantly higher on 5th grade science tests as compared to their peers. Overall, this study suggests that providing Framework-aligned science instruction, coupled with parent support, during early years improves science skills in later elementary grades.
Learner Attitudes, Strategy Awareness and Strategy Use in Process-Based Listening.

This paper outlines how current research could improve learner attitudes and heighten listening strategy awareness when using a three-stage listening process-based framework. This listening study outlines a logical pedagogic lesson for fellow educators to implement academic listening using www.breakingnewsenglish. com (BNE) in the tertiary level classroom. The preliminary study at a Korean university describes a series of five BNE lessons which were developed using a three-stage strategy-based plan for academic listening. Metacognitive, cognitive and socio-affective tasks were integrated into pre-/while-/post-listening stages to measure if listening attitudes improved and if strategy awareness and strategy use heightened after task exposure. The data analyzed from pre-course/post-course questionnaires suggest that although individual attitudes toward listening did not improve, listening components used in this pedagogic approach could improve strategy awareness and the employment of listening strategies to help second language learners develop their listening competence.
A Review of Techniques for 3D Reconstruction of Indoor Environments

Indoor environment model reconstruction has emerged as a significant and challenging task in terms of the provision of a semantically rich and geometrically accurate indoor model. Recently, there has been an increasing amount of research related to indoor environment reconstruction. Therefore, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art techniques for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of indoor environments. First, some of the available benchmark datasets for 3D reconstruction of indoor environments are described and discussed. Then, data collection of 3D indoor spaces is briefly summarized. Furthermore, an overview of the geometric, semantic, and topological reconstruction of the indoor environment is presented, where the existing methodologies, advantages, and disadvantages of these three reconstruction types are analyzed and summarized. Finally, future research directions, including technique challenges and trends, are discussed for the purpose of promoting future research interest. It can be concluded that most of the existing indoor environment reconstruction methods are based on the strong Manhattan assumption, which may not be true in a real indoor environment, hence limiting the effectiveness and robustness of existing indoor environment reconstruction methods. Moreover, based on the hierarchical pyramid structures and the learnable parameters of deep-learning architectures, multi-task collaborative schemes to share parameters and to jointly optimize each other using redundant and complementary information from different perspectives show their potential for the 3D reconstruction of indoor environments. Furthermore, indoor–outdoor space seamless integration to achieve a full representation of both interior and exterior buildings is also heavily in demand.
Cloning and Characterization of Ribonucleotide Reductase fromChlamydia trachomatis *

In all organisms the deoxyribonucleotide precursors required for DNA synthesis are synthesized from ribonucleotides, a reaction catalyzed by ribonucleotide reductase. In a previous study we showed that Chlamydia trachomatis growth was inhibited by hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, and a mutant resistant to the cytotoxic effects of the drug was isolated. Here we report the cloning, expression, and purification of the R1 and R2 subunits of the C. trachomatis ribonucleotide reductase. In comparison with other ribonucleotide reductases, the primary sequence of protein R1 has an extended amino terminus, and the R2 protein has a phenylalanine where the essential tyrosine is normally located. Despite its unusual primary structure, the recombinant enzyme catalyzes the reduction of CDP to dCDP. Results from deletion mutagenesis experiments indicate that while the extended amino terminus of the R1 protein is not required for enzyme activity, it is needed for allosteric inhibition mediated by dATP. Results with site-directed mutants of protein R2 suggest that the essential tyrosine is situated two amino acids downstream of its normal location. Finally, Western blot analysis show that the hydroxyurea-resistant mutant C. trachomatis isolate overexpresses both subunits of ribonucleotide reductase. At the genetic level, compared with wild type C. trachomatis, the resistant isolate has a single base mutation just upstream of the ATG start codon of the R2 protein. The possibility that this mutation affects translational efficiency is discussed.
Quantitative mapping of lignin: Comprehensive insight into fungal delignification of plant biomass

Plant biomass delignification is crucial for terrestrial carbon cycling and is essential for incentives aiming at the valorization of lignocellulose. For understanding this central process in nature and biorefinery, we need to elucidate and comprehend the mechanisms that govern recalcitrance and conversion at the molecular level. This insight can only be obtained by accurate analysis of the molecules involved, both contentwise and structurewise. This research, therefore, aimed to advance the quantitative mapping of lignin and employ the developed analytical toolkit to unravel the underlying mechanisms of a process that has largely remained elusive to date: the fungal delignification of plant biomass. We demonstrate through careful method validation that py-GC-MS analysis can be used for the concurrent quantification and structural characterization of grass, hardwood and softwood lignin, when employing uniformly 13C labeled lignin internal standards and relative response factors for the individual pyrolysis products. The developed method was used to assess three white-rot fungal species in terms of delignification effectivity and selectivity. In both important traits, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora outperformed Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus eryngii. Comprehensive structural analyses of the residual lignin after growth of C. subvermispora allowed us to reconstruct various degradation routes of lignin’s most abundant β-O-4’ ethers and determine the relative susceptibility of various β-O-4’ substructures. Our results imply that one-electron oxidation initiates in situ ligninolysis, which then cascades into the cleavage of Ca-Cb, Cb-O and O-4’-aryl bonds. Ligninolysis was shown to depend on the electron density of the 4’-O­-subunit, diastereochemistry and γ-acylation. In addition to white-rot basidiomycete fungi, we studied the ligninolytic capacity of the ascomycete fungus P. anserina. Substrate characterization unambiguously confirmed lignin degradation and secretome analysis suggested that laccases and H2O2 producing enzymes were likely involved in the observed ligninolysis.
Growth, age structure, and productivity of ling, Genypterus blacodes (Ophidiidae), in New Zealand waters

Abstract Growth of ling, Genypterus blacodes, from four areas around southern New Zealand (West Coast South Island, Chatham Rise, Southern Plateau, Bounty Platform) was determined by counting rings in otoliths. This aging method was validated by using the progression of modal peaks in length frequencies and by analysing the changing state of otolith margins over 1 year. Calculated von Bertalanffy parameters showed that females grew significantly faster than males in all areas, and that growth rates were significantly different between areas. Ling grew fastest off the West Coast and slowest on the Southern Plateau. Instantaneous natural mortality is in the range 0.17–0.20, and instantaneous fishing mortality is < 0.1 in all areas. Differences in growth rates, length‐frequency distributions, sex ratios, and ages at recruitment indicate that gene flow between areas is probably slight, so there is justification for managing ling as several stocks.