Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical Methods for Food and Dairy Powders

Food and dairy powders are created by dehydrating perishable produce, such as milk, eggs, fruit and meat, in order to extend their shelf life and stabilise them for storage or transport. These powders are in high demand for use as ingredients and as food products in their own right, and are of great economic importance to the food and dairy industry worldwide. Today, the ability to control food and dairy powder quality is a source of key competitive advantage. By varying the dehydration process design, and by controlling the technological and thermodynamic parameters during dehydration, it is possible for manufacturers to engineer the biochemical, microbiological and physical characteristics of the food powder to meet their specific product requirements. This book provides an overview of the existing, adapted or new techniques used to analyse safety and quality in modern food and dairy powders. Based on original research by the authors, the book uses 25 commercial dairy and non-dairy powders to illustrate a range of biochemical and physical methods used to evaluate and characterise powdered food products. Written from a practical perspective, each chapter focuses on a particular analytical technique, outlining the purpose, definition and principle of that method. The authors guide the reader through all of the instruments needed, the safety measures required, and the correct procedures to follow to ensure successful analysis. Instructions on accurate measurement and expression of results are included, and each chapter is richly illustrated with original data and worked examples. Analytical Methods for Food and Dairy Powders is a unique step-by-step handbook, which will be required reading for anyone involved in the development and manufacture of powdered food products. Food and dairy scientists based in industry will find it essential for new product development and improved quality control, while researchers in the laboratory will especially value the new techniques it comprises.
A comparison of FOLFIRI (Folinic Acid, Fluorouracil and Irinotecan) Plus Bevacizumab and FLOLFIRI Plus Aflibercept as Second-Line Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Background: To date, there are few clinical studies comparing the efficacy and safety of FOLFIRI (folinic acid, fluorouracil and irinotecan) plus bevacizumab or aflibercept in metastatic colorectal cancer patients (mCRC) pretreated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Methods: We analyzed the treatment outcomes of patients receiving FOLFIRI in combination with bevacizumab or aflibercept as second-line treatment for mCRC between October 2017 and March 2020. This analysis included 67 patients receiving FOLFIRI plus aflibercept and 83 receiving FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab. Results: The overall response rate (ORR) was 13.6% (95% CI: 4.85-22.34) in the FOLFIRI-aflibercept group and 14.7% (95% CI: 6.68-22.71) in the FOLFIRI-bevacizumab group. This difference in ORR was not statistically significant. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 8.6 months in the FOLFIRI-bevacizumab group and 8.5 months in the FOLFIRI-aflibercept group (P = 0.752) (Fig. 1). Patients in the FOLFIRI-bevacizumab group showed a median overall survival (OS) of 12.4 months, while patients in the FOLFIRI-aflibercept group had a median OS of 13.7 months (P = 0.276). There were no significant differences in survival between the two treatment groups. The adverse events were also largely similar between the two groups. However, hypertension of grade 3 or more was more frequent in the FOLFIRI-aflibercept group. Conclusion: FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab and FOLFIRI plus aflibercept had similar anti-tumor activities and toxicity profiles when used as second-line therapy in mCRC patients. Based on these data, both aflibercept and bevacizumab are suitable anti-angiogenic agents when used in combination with FOLFIRI for mCRC.
The role of mathematical modelling in chemical and food engineering studies

The role of mathematical modelling in chemical and food engineering studies is briefly and consistently presented. The main goal was to give a short global overview of the relevant aspects involved in modelling processes. Food engineering problems are generally highlighted. It must be emphasised that the following matter should not be analysed in a narrow perspective. The mathematical modelling field, in chemical and food engineering subjects, is very wide and this paper just presents the authors' research point of view.
Open-Circuit Air-Gap Magnetic Field Calculation of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With V-Shaped Segmented Skewed Poles Using Hybrid Analytical Method

Due to the local inhomogeneous magnetic saturation of the core of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), the magnetic field changes nonlinearly, which makes the analytical calculation of the magnetic field difficult. Therefore, the calculation of the magnetic field mostly relies on the finite element method (FEM). However, the high computation cost of FEM restricts the efficiency of the design and analysis of IPMSM. In this article, an analytical model (AM) of slotless open-circuit air-gap magnetic field (OC-AG-MF) of IPMSM with V-shaped segmented skewed poles is derived by combining the subdomain method (SDM) and the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method, and then, the AM of slotted OC-AG-MF of IPMSM with V-shaped segmented skewed poles is obtained by introducing the complex relative permeance. To show the effectiveness of the novel AM, the OC-AG-MF and cogging torque of an IPMSM with V-shaped segmented skewed poles for electric vehicles are calculated by the AM and FEM, respectively. The spatial order, amplitude–frequency characteristics, and the 3-D spatial distribution of the OC-AG-MF are analyzed. Finally, the accuracy of the AM is experimentally verified by direct measurement of OC-AG-MF and no-load back electromotive force (EMF) of the motor. The AM proposed in this article is shown to accurately calculate the radial and tangential components of OC-AG-MF of IPMSM with V-shaped segmented skewed poles considering rotor magnetic bridge saturation effect and stator slotting effect. Meanwhile, the efficiency of the design and analysis of the motor is expected to be improved due to the reduced computational effort compared to the prevalent FEM.
Assessment of Fracture Risk through Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) based Bone Mineral Density

Introduction: Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be applicable to both postmenopausal women and men aged 40 to 90 years. The current National Osteoporosis Foundation Guide recommends treating patients with FRAX 10-year risk scores of > or = 3% for hip fracture or > or = 20% for major osteoporotic fracture, to reduce their fracture risk. Methods: 189 postmenopausal women with mean age 60 years ± 9 standard deviations (SD), (range 40-86) were included in the study. Women were divided in 2 fracture risk groups: 1st – with FRAX score for major osteoporotic fracture below 20% and for hip fracture below 3%, and 2nd – with FRAX score for major osteoporotic fracture ≥ 20% and for hip fractures ≥3%. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe the patients’ characteristics in both groups. Independent sample t-test was used to assess the significant association between the quantitative variables and chi-square test – for the qualitative variables. Results: 77.8% of the women (147/189) had FRAX score for osteoporotic fracture below 20% and 22.2% (42/189) with FRAX score ≥20%. 62.4% (118/189) of
Agile Software Development Ecosystems

This book describes---in depth---the most important principles of Agile development: delivering value to the customer, focusing on individual developers and their skills, collaboration, an emphasis on producing working software, the critical contribution of technical excellence, and a willingness to change course when demands shift. All major Agile methods are presented: * Scrum, * Dynamic Systems Development Method, *CrystalMethods , * Feature-Driven Development, * Lean Development, * Extreme Programming, and* Adaptive Software Development. Throughout the book, case stories are used to illustrate how Agile practices empower success around the world in today's chaotic software development industry. Agile Software Development Ecosystems also examines how to determine your organization's Agile readiness, how to design a custom Agile methodology, and how to transform your company into a truly Agile organization.
Maintaining and Updating POLIMOD

The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of maintaining and updating POLIMOD. It is mainly intended as a reference document, internal to the Microsimulation Unit. However, it may be of wider interest (a) as background information for POLIMOD users or (b) as a guide to all the processes, for prospective builders of tax-benefit models.
Survey on Identity and Access Management for Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses a large number of connected devices, generating and sharing diﬀerent types of data among themselves. These data enable the creation of society-changing applications, such as health monitoring and autonomous vehicles. Under this context, protecting the access of these connected devices and their data is critical to IoT applications’ success, since a single data breach can incur into a cascade eﬀect, which leads to devastating consequences. Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems provide mechanisms to identify individuals at the network and determine their access privileges, thus avoiding inappropriate access. However, the current IAMs system struggles to provide the scale or manage the complex relationships that IoT brings. In this work, we present a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey of IAMs and the main concepts and challenges when applied to IoT. First, we overview the IoT technology, giving its essential characteristics and communication architectures and its main applications. Then, we present IAMs state-of-the-art and the main concepts, existing architectures, and challenges. Finally, we focus on current IAMs that aims to tackle the IoT complexity, along with an in-depth analysis of their proposals and future directions in the ﬁeld.
Designing and construction of tightened-normal-tightened variables sampling scheme

Abstract The tightened-normal-tightened (TNT) attributes sampling scheme was devised by Calvin (1977). In this paper, a TNT Scheme with variables sampling plan as the reference plan, designated as TNTVSS (nσ; kT, kN) is introduced, where nσ is the sample size under the reference plan, and kT and kN are the acceptance constants corresponding to tightened and normal plans respectively. The behaviour of OC curves of the TNTVSS (nσ; kT, kN) is studied. The efficiency of TNTVSS (nσ; kT, kN) with respect to smaller sample sizes has been established over the attributes scheme. The TNTVSS is matched with the TNT (n; cN, cT) of Vijayaraghavan and Soundararajan (1996), for the specified points on the OC curves, namely (p1, α) and (p2, β) and it is shown that the sample size of the variables scheme is much smaller than that of the attributes scheme. The TNT scheme with an unknown σ variables plan as the reference plan is also introduced along with the procedure of selection of the parameters. The method of designing the scheme based on the given AQL (Acceptable Quality level), α (producer's risk), LQL (Limiting Quality Level) and β (consumer's risk) is indicated. Among the class of TNTVSS which exists, for a given (p1,α) and (p2, β), a scheme, which will have a more steeper OC curve than that of any other scheme, is identified and given.
Evaluation and Analysis of Incidence and Risk Factors of Lower Extremity Venous Thrombosis After Urologic Surgeries: A Prospective Two-Center Study Using LASSO-Logistics Regression.

Purpose: To analyze the incidence and risk factors of lower extremity venous thrombosis after urologic surgeries. Methods: A prospective two-center study was conducted from August 2019 to January 2020. 1122 consecutive patients who underwent urologic procedures were enrolled. The study primary end point was the detection of asymptomatic or symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity within 7 days after the surgeries. Univariate and LASSO-logistics regression analysis were performed.Results: We excluded 111 patients who met exclusion criteria. Totally, 56 (5.54%) out of 1011 patients had developed DVT. In the univariate analysis, Barthel Index ≤40, D-dimer levels ≥0.5mg/L and age≥ 60 yrs (p <0.001) were the most significant risk factors. The LASSO-logistics regression model identified 9 factors including age, history of DVT, lymph nodes dissection, perioperative steroid use, Caprini Score, Barthel Index, D-dimer levels, cystectomy and prostatectomy.Conclusion: Our study used the LASSO-logistic regression model to provide reliable data on risk factors of DVT after comprehensive urologic surgeries. It might facilitate individualized anticoagulant management of patients undergoing urologic procedures.Trial registration: ChiCTR1900024784
Bending Strength Test and Evaluation of a Transtibial Prosthetic Socket Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering

Abstract : Transtibial prosthetic sockets made using selective laser sintering (SLS) of Duraform (Trademark) polyamide have no documented failure data. To produce prostheses with safe weight and usage limits, a nonstandard bending test was needed to determine the maximum safe loading of the socket and to recommend design improvements. The bending test was designed to replicate forces experienced by a wearer stepping down and forward as from a slight elevation. This test, along with a finite element analysis, provided information about the force limitations and weakest point of the socket. Suggestions for improving the design incorporated this information and laid the groundwork for further improvements. (21 figures, 15 refs.)
Why Do Homeless Families Exit and Return the Homeless Shelter? Factors Affecting the Risk of Family Homelessness in Salt Lake County (Utah, United States) As a Case Study

Previous quantitative research on family homelessness has addressed a question of why some households become homeless. However, why some homeless families return the shelter to repeat their homelessness has not been explored well. This study aims at providing a comprehensive insight into the dynamics of homeless families by identifying the physical, social, and economic characteristics of a homeless family affecting the likelihood of their decision to stay, exit, and return the shelter. The relationships of factors with shelter exit and return were examined using Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival times and Cox Proportional Hazard regression analysis. This study employs a sample of 2348 historical records for 1462 homeless families registered to the Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) database between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017. The results indicate that structural factors such as subsidized housing program enrollment during a homeless episode and prior income play a significant role in reducing the risks of shelter exit and return rather than physical characteristics of a homeless family. Additionally, results show that variations in prior residence and exit destination of homeless families serve as factors determining the length of their shelter stay and the likelihood to return to the shelter. Integration of both shelter exit and return analysis results make policymakers and urban planners think about developing policies for coordination of housing and economic stability to address family homelessness.
UGSC‐GAN: User‐guided sketch colorization with deep convolution generative adversarial networks

Inspired by the creating process of human paintings, we propose a novel adversarial architecture for multiple sketch colorization which is a scribble‐based, automatic, and exemplar‐based colorization method. The proposed framework has two stages, namely, imitating stage and shading stage. In the imitating stage, to address the challenge of lack of texture in the sketch, we train a grayscale generation network to accomplish a mapping task, namely, generating a grayscale map with textured, grayscale, boundary information from the input sparse sketch. In the shading stage, the model can accurately colorize the objects in the gray image generated in the previous stage, and generate high‐quality colorized images. With the proposed model trained on our database, the experimental results show that our method can generate vivid colorized images and achieve a better performance than previous methods evaluated by FID metric.
Creating Interactive Virtual Acoustic Environments

The theory and techniques for virtual acoustic modeling and rendering are discussed. The creation of natural sounding audiovisual environments can be divided into three main tasks: sound source, room acoustics, and listener modeling. These topics are discussed in the context of both non-real-time and real-time virtual acoustic environments. Implementation strategies are considered, and a modular and expandable simulation software is described.
ELECTROSLAG WELDMENTS: PERFORMANCE AND NEEDED RESEARCH

This article is the first part of a paper presented at the 1977 Federally Coordinated Program of Research and Development Conference at Atlanta, Ga. , during the review of Project 5L, "Safe Life Design for Bridges". The objectives of this new project are to refine and improve the existing fabrication and inspection techniques through the development of new instrumentation, develop guidelines for effective quality control, and improve the safety and performance of structures. This article includes a process description, Michigan's fabrication experience, problem areas, and some research results. The second part of the article which will appear in the June 1978 issue of Public Roads will include additional research results and research needs. /Authors/
Getting back on track : reforming the ownership and regulation of Britain's railways

This report advocates step by step reform of the ownership, structure and regulation of Britain's railways, in particular establishing a new not-for-profit company to own, operate, maintain and renew the rail network. Changes suggested include: restructuring network maintenance and renewal work into fewer, longer-term contracts based on geographical zones with train operators represented on zone management boards; merging the Strategic Rail Authority (SRA) with the Office of the Rail Regulator (ORR) to create a strategic rail regulator, possibly also encompassing safety regulation; creating an independent railway ombudsman to arbitrate disputes between the trail operating companies and the strategic rail regulator; replacing short-term passenger franchises with fewer, longer-term franchises, to secure more investment and higher standards of service, linked to greater regional accountability; and setting up public private partnerships to finance and deliver major projects reviewing the ten-year spending plan for railways to ensure sufficient investment to achieve targets of a 50 per cent increase in passenger use and 80 per cent increase in freight carried by 2010.
Unsteady Motions in Combustion Chambers for Propulsion Systems

Abstract : This book has several purposes, including a broad historical summary of combustion instabilities in propulsion systems; a concise compilation of the main mechanisms for instabilities in liquid and solid fueled rockets, ramjets, thrust augmentors and gas turbines; development of a theoretical framework for investigating unsteady motions in combustion systems; and accessible surveys of the basic material required to understand the subject. Emphasis is placed throughout the book on observed behavior. For well-understood reasons, the best, and in many respects most useful quantitative data, have been obtained for solid propellant rockets. Hence that type of device occupies a special position in the subject. The book comprises nine chapters and eight annexes. Material in the annexes is not essential for reading and broadly understanding the main part of the book, but is likely interesting for those choosing to do research on the subject. The nine chapters divide into three parts.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NEXT-GENERATION SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL (SNF) TRANSPORT AND STORAGE CASKS

The design of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) casks used in the present SNF disposition systems has evolved from early concepts about the nuclear fuel cycle. The reality today is much different from that envisioned by early nuclear scientists. Most SNF is placed in pool storage, awaiting reprocessing (as in Russia) or disposal at a geologic SNF repository (as in the United States). Very little transport of SNF occurs. This paper examines the requirements for SNF casks from today's perspective and attempts to answer this question: What type of SNF cask would be produced if we were to start over and design SNF casks based on today's requirements? The characteristics for a next-generation SNF cask system are examined and are found to be essentially the same in Russia and the United States. It appears that the new depleted uranium dioxide (DUO2)-steel cermet material will enable these requirements to be met. Depleted uranium (DU) is uranium in which a portion of the 235U isotope has been removed during a uranium enrichment process. The DUO2-steel cermet material is described. The United States and Russia are cooperating toward the development of a next-generation, dual-purpose, storage and transport SNF system.
Thin-Film CdS/CuInSe2 Heterojunction Solar Cell

The development of a polycrystalline, thin-film solar cell utilizing a heterojunction structure based upon N-type CdS and P-type CuInSe2 semiconductor materials is described. The cell, prepared entirely by vacuum deposition and sputtering techniques onto inexpensive substrates, has potential applications as a low-cost mass produced device for photovoltaic power generation systems. A device efficiency of 7.5% under simulated AM-1 illumination is reported. Material and device properties pertinent to the development of the high efficiency cell are reviewed. The electrical, optical, and structural properties of the deposited thin-film materials are described. Results of detailed cell characterization using a variety of electrical, optical, and thermal measurements are presented and analyzed in terms of a photovoltaic cell model dominated by interface state recombinations. Finally, the projected, realistically achievable performance of this thin-film cell is discussed.
Snapping Out of Autopilot: Overriding Habits in Real Time and the Role of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Habits allow environmental and interoceptive cues to trigger behavior in an automatized fashion, making them liable to deployment in inappropriate or outdated contexts. Over the long term, repeated failure of a once-adaptive habit to satisfy current goals produces extinction learning that suppresses the habit’s execution. Less attention has been afforded to the mechanisms underlying real-time habit suppression: the capacity to stop the execution of a cued habit that is goal conflicting. Here, I first posit a model by which goal-relevant stimuli can (a) bring unfolding habits and their projected outcomes into awareness, (b) prompt evaluation of the habit outcome with respect to current goals, and (c) trigger cessation of the habit response if it is determined to be goal conflicting. Second, I propose a modified stop-signal task to test this model of goal-directed stopping of habit execution. Finally, I marshal evidence indicating that the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, situated at the nexus of salience detection, action-plan assessment, and motor inhibition networks, is uniquely positioned to coordinate the overriding of habitual behaviors in real time. In sum, this perspective presents a testable model and candidate neurobiological substrate for our capacity to “snap out of autopilot” and override goal-conflicting habits in real time.