Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advancing the Study of Resilience to Daily Stressors

Historically, studies of childhood and adult resilience have typically focused on adaptation to chronic life adversities, such as poverty and maltreatment, or isolated and potentially traumatic events, such as bereavement and serious illness. Here, we present a complementary view and suggest that stressors experienced in daily life may also forecast individual health and well-being. We argue that daily process approaches that incorporate intensive sampling of individuals in natural settings can provide powerful insights into unfolding adaptational processes. In making this argument, we review studies that link intraindividual dynamics with diverse health-related phenomena. Findings from this research provide support for a multiple-levels-analysis perspective that embraces greater unity in pivotal resilience constructs invoked across childhood and adult literatures. Drawing on insights and principles derived from life-span theory, we conclude by outlining promising directions for future work and considering their broader implications for the field of resilience.
T Cells in Tumor-Bearing Mice + CD8The Fate of Low Affinity Tumor-Specific

A major challenge in tumor immunology is how best to activate the relatively low avidity self-speciﬁc and tumor-speciﬁc T cells that are available in the self-tolerant repertoire. To address this issue, we produced a TCR transgenic mouse expressing a class I-restricted hemagglutinin (HA)-speciﬁc TCR (clone 1 TCR) derived from a mouse that expressed HA as a self-Ag in the insulin-producing (cid:2) cells of the pancreatic islets (InsHA) mice. Upon transfer of clone 1 TCR CD8 (cid:1) T cells into InsHA mice, very few cells were activated by cross-presented HA, indicating that the cells were retained in InsHA mice because they ignored the presence of Ag, and not because they were functionally inactivated by anergy or tuning. Upon transfer into recipient mice in which HA is expressed at high concentrations as a tumor-associated Ag in spontaneously arising insulinomas (RIP-Tag2-HA mice), a high proportion of clone 1 cells were activated when they encountered cross-presented tumor Ag in the pancreatic lymph nodes. However, the activated cells exhibited very weak effector function and were soon tolerized. The few activated cells that did migrate to the tumor were unable to delay tumor progression. However, when HA-speciﬁc CD4 helper cells were cotransferred with clone 1 cells into RIP-Tag2-HA recipients and the mice were vaccinated with inﬂuenza, clone 1 cells were found to exert a signiﬁcant level of effector function and could delay tumor growth. This tumor model should prove of great value in identifying protocols that can optimize the function of low avidity tumor-speciﬁc T cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 174: 2563–2572. and tolerance
Affective states and regulation of learning during socio-emotional interactions in secondary school collaborative groups.

BACKGROUND Group affective states for learning are constantly formed through socio-emotional interactions. However, it remains unclear how the affective states vary during collaboration and how they occur with regulation of learning. Appropriate methods are needed to track both group affective states and these interaction processes. AIMS The present study identifies different socio-emotional interaction episodes during groups' collaborative learning and examines how group affective states fluctuate with regulation of learning during these episodes. SAMPLE The participants were 54 secondary school students working in groups across four science learning sessions. METHODS Multichannel process data (video, electrodermal activity [EDA]) were collected in an authentic classroom. Groups' affective states were measured with emotional valence captured from video data, and activation captured as sympathetic arousal from EDA data. Regulation of learning was observed from the videotaped interactions. RESULTS The study disclosed four clusters of socio-emotional interaction episodes (positive, negative, occasional regulation, frequent regulation), which differed in terms of fluctuation of affective states and activated regulation of learning. These clustered episodes confirm how affective states are constantly reset by socio-emotional interactions and regulation of learning. The results also show that states requiring regulation do not automatically lead to its activation. CONCLUSIONS By advancing existing understanding of how group level socio-emotional processes contribute to regulation of learning, the study has implications for educational design and psychological practice. Methodologically, it contributes to collaborative learning research by employing multiple data channels (including biophysiological measures) to explore the various dimensions of socio-emotional processes in groups.
Expert review on global real-world vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2

ABSTRACT Introduction COVID-19 vaccines have been highly effective in reducing morbidity and mortality during the pandemic. While primary series vaccination rates are generally high in Southeast Asian (SEA) countries, various factors have limited the rollout and impact of booster doses. Areas covered We reviewed 79 studies in the International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC) VIEW-hub platform on vaccine effectiveness (VE) after primary immunizations with two-dose schedules. VE data were reported for SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths, and stratified across variants of concern, age, study design and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection for mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and combinations of both), vector vaccines (AstraZeneca, AZD1222 [ChAdOx1 nCoV-19] ‘Vaxzevria’), and inactivated virus vaccines (CoronaVac). Expert opinion The most-studied COVID-19 vaccines provide consistently high (>90%) protection against serious clinical outcomes like hospitalizations and deaths, regardless of variant. Additionally, this protection appears equivalent for mRNA vaccines and vector vaccines like AZD1222, as supported by our analysis of Asian and relevant international data, and by insights from SEA experts. Given the continued impact of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths on health-care systems worldwide, encouraging vaccination strategies that reduce this burden is more relevant than attempting to prevent broader but milder infections with specific variants, including Omicron.
Research progress of the engagement of inorganic nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy

Abstract Cancer has attracted widespread attention from scientists for its high morbidity and mortality, posing great threats to people’s health. Cancer immunotherapy with high specificity, low toxicity as well as triggering systemic anti-tumor response has gradually become common in clinical cancer treatment. However, due to the insufficient immunogenicity of tumor antigens peptides, weak ability to precisely target tumor sites, and the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, the efficacy of immunotherapy is often limited. In recent years, the emergence of inorganic nanomaterials makes it possible for overcoming the limitations mentioned above. With self-adjuvant properties, high targeting ability, and good biocompatibility, the inorganic nanomaterials have been integrated with cancer immunotherapy and significantly improved the therapeutic effects.
Histidine auxotroph mutant is defective for cell separation and allows the identification of crucial factors for cell division in Brucella abortus

The pathogenic bacterium Brucella abortus invades and multiplies inside host cells. To grow inside host cells, B. abortus requires a functional histidine biosynthesis pathway. Here, we show that a B. abortus histidine auxotroph mutant also displays an unexpected chaining phenotype. The intensity of this phenotype varies according to the culture medium and is exacerbated inside host cells. Chains of bacteria consist of contiguous peptidoglycan, and likely result from the defective cleavage of peptidoglycan at septa. Genetic suppression of the chaining phenotype unearthed two essential genes with a role in B. abortus cell division: dipM and cdlP. Loss of function of dipM and cdlP generates swelling at the division site. While DipM is strictly localized at the division site, CdlP is localized at the growth pole and the division site. Altogether, the unexpected chaining phenotype of a hisB mutant allowed the discovery of new crucial actors in cell division in B. abortus.
Nurses' experiences of supporting patients requesting voluntary assisted dying: A qualitative meta‐synthesis

Abstract Aim Describe the reported lived experiences of nurses who have participated at any stage of voluntary assisted dying (VAD), from the initial request to the end of life. Design A qualitative meta‐synthesis. Data sources Databases searched were CINAHL, MEDLINE, Emcare, Scopus and PsycInfo. The search was undertaken in September 2021 with no date limitations. Qualitative studies were considered if published in English, reported primary data analysis of nurses' experiences who had been involved in VAD and reported direct quotes from nurses. Review methods Qualitative studies meeting the selection criteria were critically appraised, then an open card‐sort method was applied. Quotes from nurses were organized to group similar experiences, constructing themes and metaphors across studies as a new understanding of nurses' experiences of VAD. Results Eight studies were included. Three major themes were constructed: An orderly procedure, reflecting the need for structure to feel adequately prepared; A beautiful death, reflecting the autonomy the patient exercised when choosing VAD facilitated an exceptionally positive death; and Psychological and emotional impact, where nurses recognized the emotional and ethical weight that they carried for themselves and the team when undertaking VAD. Conclusion Nurses may benefit from clear policy, supervision and communication training to support them as countries transition to providing VAD services. Policy provides nurses with confidence that they are undertaking the steps of VAD correctly and provides a layer of emotional protection. Communication training specific to VAD is necessary to prepare nurses to recognize their own emotional experiences when responding to the needs of the patient and their family. Impact VAD is increasingly becoming a legal option that nurses are encountering in their professional practice. Understanding nurses' experiences of being involved in VAD is required to support nurses in countries where VAD is becoming available to prepare professionally and psychologically.
A systematic review evaluating metacognitive beliefs in health anxiety and somatic distress

Abstract Purpose Increasing evidence suggests metacognitive beliefs may underpin transdiagnostic mechanisms maintaining psychopathology. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate published studies investigating the role of metacognitive beliefs in somatic distress in adult samples. Method A systematic review was conducted, spanning five data bases. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were qualitatively synthesized. Results Thirty‐six studies (N = 12,390) met inclusion criteria with results suggesting a relatively consistent positive relationship between metacognitive beliefs and somatic distress. Both general and syndrome‐specific metacognitive beliefs demonstrated relationships with not only emotional distress, but also physical symptoms themselves. Conclusions Results are discussed in terms of conceptualizing somatic distress through the Self‐Regulatory Executive Function (S‐REF) Model. Future research into metacognitive therapy for somatic populations is recommended.
Recent progress in antibody-based therapeutics for triple-negative breast cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of severely aggressive breast cancer that lacks the expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and is highly metastatic and related to a poor prognosis. Current standard treatments are still limited to systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection. More effective treatments are urgently needed. Areas covered The immunogenicity of TNBC has provided opportunities for the development of targeted immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the recent development in antibody-based drug modalities, including angiogenesis inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody−drug conjugates, immunoconjugates, T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cells, and their mechanisms of action in TNBC. Expert opinion At present, the treatment of TNBC is still a major challenge that needs to be addressed. Novel immunotherapies are promising opportunities for improving the management of this aggressive disease.
System-Level Quality Improvement Initiatives for Tobacco Use in a Safety-Net Health System During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: The shift from in-person care to telemedicine made it challenging to provide guideline-recommended tobacco cessation care during the COVID-19 pandemic. We described quality improvement (QI) initiatives for tobacco cessation during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on African American/Black patients with high smoking rates. Methods: The QI initiatives took place in the San Francisco Health Network, a network of 13 safety-net clinics in San Francisco, California between February 2020 and February 2022. We conducted direct patient outreach by telephone and increased staff capacity to increase cessation care delivery. We examined trends in tobacco screening, provider counseling, and best practice for cessation care (ie, the proportion of patients receiving at least 1 smoking cessation service during a clinical encounter). Results: In-person visits at the onset of the pandemic was 20% in April 2020 and increased to 67% by February 2022. During this time, tobacco screening increased from 29% to 74%. From March 2020 to March 2021, 34% more patients received provider counseling by telephone than in-person. The trend reversed from April 2021 to February 2022, where 23% more patients received counseling in-person than by telehealth. Best practice care increased by 23% from June 2020 to February 2022: 24% for African American/Black patients and 23% for other patients. Conclusions: Telehealth adaptations to the EHR, targeted outreach to patients, and a multi-disciplinary medical team may be associated with increases in cessation care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic.
TM6SF2 Gene Variant Disentangles Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis from Cardiovascular Disease

phospholipase ABSTRACT Excess hepatic storage of triglycerides is considered a benign condition, but nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may progress to fibrosis and may promote atherosclerosis. Carriers of the TM6SF2 E167K variant have fatty liver due to reduced secretion of very low density lipoproteins. As a result, they have lower circulating lipids and reduced risk of myocardial infarction. In this study, we aimed to assess whether TM6SF2 E167K affects liver damage and cardiovascular outcomes in subjects at risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver damage was evaluated in 1201 patients who underwent liver biopsy for suspected nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; 427 were evaluated for carotid atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular outcomes were assessed in 1819 controls from the Swedish Obese Subjects cohort. Presence of the inherited TM6SF2 E167K variant was determined by Taqman assays. In the liver biopsy cohort, 188 subjects (13%) were carriers of the E167K variant. They had lower serum lipid levels than noncarriers (P<0.05), had more severe steatosis, necroinflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis (P<0.05), and were more likely to have nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.23-2.79) and advanced fibrosis (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.20-3.55), after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, fasting hyperglycemia, and the I148M PNPLA3 risk variant. However, E167K carriers had lower risk of developing carotid plaques (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25-0.94). In the Swedish Obese Subjects cohort, E167K carriers had higher ALT and lower lipid levels (P<0.05), and a lower incidence of cardiovascular events (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.95). Conclusions: Carriers of the TM6SF2 E167K variant are more nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, but are protected against cardiovascular disease. Our findings suggest that reduced ability to export very low density lipoproteins is deleterious for the liver. In this study, we investigated whether the TM6SF2 E167K variant–related retention of VLDL in hepatocytes is harmful. Our aim was to determine whether increased hepatic fat in TM6SF2 E167K carriers affects the severity of steatosis, hepatocellular damage, and liver disease or cardiovascular outcomes in subjects at risk of NASH. To this end, we carried out the investigation in a large cohort who underwent liver biopsy, and evaluation for carotid atherosclerosis and in controls from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) prospective cohort. Cumulative incidence of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction and stroke, whichever came first) in the SOS control group across TM6SF2 rs58542926 genotypes. A total of 185 (12%) homozygotes for the 167E allele developed cardiovascular events, compared to 21 (7%) E167K and K167K subjects. A Cox proportional hazard model was fit to compare survival distributions between the two genotype groups adjusting for risk factors age, sex, smoking status, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and glucose levels. SOS, Swedish obese subjects; cardiovascular disease;
Pharmacogenomics in Drug Development: Conclusions and Perspectives

to normalize response between the genetic subgroups, in T2D a titration approach based on efficacy/safety is routinely applied. A comparison was therefore simulated between genotyped-based dosing and titration based approaches, with all subjects in the titration group starting at 32mg. Subjects in the UGT2B15*2/*2 group would not need to undergo dose titration as 32mg appears to be the optimal dose for this genotype group. The results of this simulation highlight two key points.
Repurposing an In Vitro Measles Virus Dissemination Assay for Screening of Antiviral Compounds

Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious respiratory virus responsible for outbreaks associated with significant morbidity and mortality among children and young adults. Although safe and effective measles vaccines are available, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in vaccination coverage gaps that may lead to the resurgence of measles when restrictions are lifted. This puts individuals who cannot be vaccinated, such as young infants and immunocompromised individuals, at risk. Therapeutic interventions are complicated by the long incubation time of measles, resulting in a narrow treatment window. At present, the only available WHO-advised option is treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, although this is not approved as standard of care. Antivirals against measles may contribute to intervention strategies to limit the impact of future outbreaks. Here, we review previously described antivirals and antiviral assays, evaluate the antiviral efficacy of a number of compounds to inhibit MV dissemination in vitro, and discuss potential application in specific target populations. We conclude that broadly reactive antivirals could strengthen existing intervention strategies to limit the impact of measles outbreaks.
Comparative risk of pulmonary adverse events with transfusion of pathogen reduced and conventional platelet components

Platelet transfusion carries risk of transfusion‐transmitted infection (TTI). Pathogen reduction of platelet components (PRPC) is designed to reduce TTI. Pulmonary adverse events (AEs), including transfusion‐related acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occur with platelet transfusion.
Neuropeptide signalling shapes feeding and reproductive behaviours in male Caenorhabditis elegans

LURY-1 peptides are expressed in distinct cells in different sexes and have sex-specific effects on feeding and mating, providing further evidence for the role of neuromodulators in sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism occurs where different sexes of the same species display differences in characteristics not limited to reproduction. For the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, in which the complete neuroanatomy has been solved for both hermaphrodites and males, sexually dimorphic features have been observed both in terms of the number of neurons and in synaptic connectivity. In addition, male behaviours, such as food-leaving to prioritise searching for mates, have been attributed to neuropeptides released from sex-shared or sex-specific neurons. In this study, we show that the lury-1 neuropeptide gene shows a sexually dimorphic expression pattern; being expressed in pharyngeal neurons in both sexes but displaying additional expression in tail neurons only in the male. We also show that lury-1 mutant animals show sex differences in feeding behaviours, with pharyngeal pumping elevated in hermaphrodites but reduced in males. LURY-1 also modulates male mating efficiency, influencing motor events during contact with a hermaphrodite. Our findings indicate sex-specific roles of this peptide in feeding and reproduction in C. elegans, providing further insight into neuromodulatory control of sexually dimorphic behaviours.
Quasi-SMILES as a basis to build up models of endpoints for nanomaterials

ABSTRACT Simplified molecular input-line entry system (SMILES) is a format for representing of the molecular structure. Quasi-SMILES is an extended format for representing molecular structure data and some eclectic data, which in principle could be applied to improve a model's predictive potential. Nano-quantitative structure–property relationships (nano-QSPRs) for energy gap (Eg , eV) of the metals oxide nanoparticles based on the quasi-SMILES give a predictive model for Eg , characterized by the following statistical quality for external validation set n = 22, R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 0.267.
Participatory research in health promotion: a critical review and illustration of rationales

Abstract In health promotion research, enthusiasm for patient and public involvement (PPI) is growing. However, a lack of conceptual clarity leads to ambiguities in participatory processes and purposes, and hampers efforts to achieve and evaluate PPI in research. This study provides an overview of its underlying reasons—or rationales—so as to better understand, guide and interpret PPI in research practice. We conducted a critical review to identify typologies of rationales for PPI. We re-categorized the different types of rationales from these typologies based on their content. We illustrated the resulting categories of rationales with examples from a case study on PPI in research on Lyme disease. Five categories of rationales for PPI were identified. The democratic rationale reflects the normative right of citizens to have a voice in research. The consumerist rationale refers to the economic right of stakeholders with interests to have a say. Rooted in social justice, the transformative rationale seeks to empower marginalized groups. The substantive rationale starts from epistemic considerations and aims to improve the quality of knowledge that research generates. The instrumental rationale is of pragmatic origin and refers to improved efficiency and effectiveness of the research. Our overview of categories of rationales can be used as a frame of reference for PPI in health promotion research. Exploring, stating explicitly and reflecting on the underlying reasons for PPI may help to define realistic purposes, select matching approaches and design appropriate evaluation studies. This might also contribute to the conceptualization of PPI.