Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrospective electron microscopy: Preservation of fine structure by freezing and aldehyde fixation

ABSTRACT For many years it has been believed that ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is not possible using frozen tissues. We have developed a TEM method that allows the evaluation of organelles using pancreatic tissue that was previously liquid nitrogen snap-frozen and stored long-term at −80°C. This method is suitable for the quantitative assessment of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and Golgi structures, as well as organelles originating from autophagy signaling. Frozen pancreatic tissue exhibited no signs of freezing- or storage-related damage and was undistinguishable from fresh material subjected to standard glutaraldehyde fixation. Since pancreatic tissue is the most delicate tissue to work with due to the high expression of digestive enzymes, our method is also suitable for other tissue types such as liver. Thus, by applying proper tissue freezing and fixation techniques, retrospective TEM analysis can be performed on mammalian tissues in a time- and cost-saving manner.
Corynebacterium species causing breast abscesses among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, South India

Abstract Background: Corynebacterium species other than Corynebacterium diphtheriae were mostly considered contaminants in the past, but there are reports of their association with wide variety of human infections lately. In this study, we look into Corynebacterium species isolated from breast abscess patients and assess their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and treatment outcomes. Material and methods: Pus samples from suspected breast abscess cases were examined from October 2014 to September 2015. Growth of Gram-positive bacilli morphologically resembling Corynebacterium species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization- time of flight mass spectrometry identifications generated by the Vitek MS system (bioMérieux, France) (MALDI-TOF Vitek MS system) and antimicrobial susceptibility was done. Results: Corynebacterium species were isolated from 10 female breast abscess patients with median age of 36 years (range 25–59 years). Out of the 10 isolates four isolates were identified as C. kroppenstedtii; one isolate as C. striatum and five isolates were identified as C. amycolatum/C.xerosis. Out of four isolates of C . kroppenstedtii, two isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole and one C. striatum isolate was resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and clindamycin. Of the five isolates identified as C amycolatum/C xerosis, all were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid but resistant to clindamycin. All the patients were treated with incision, drainage and antibiotics based on the sensitivity pattern; eight were cured and two patients did not come for follow-up. Conclusions: Corynebacterium species should be considered one of the causative agents of breast abscess and a varied susceptibility profile amongst the different species makes susceptibility testing important. Identification by MALDI-TOF Vitek MS system may not differentiate between C. amycolatum and C. xerosis.
A Suggested Clinical Classification for the Equine Sarcoid

The equine sarcoid, a fibroblastic tumor, is the most prevalent equine skin tumor and can affect all equidae. The sarcoid should be regarded as a tumor of fibroblasts. Involvement of the epidermis is a feature of most types but is not an obligatory feature. There are six visually recognizable types that correlate closely with the histology. The occult (superficial) type features alopecia, scaling, and skin thickening. The verrucose type has a prominent warty or verrucous appearance. There are two subtypes of the nodular form. Type A nodules are usually isolated individual or lobulated congregations of spherical subcutaneous masses. Type B nodules have cutaneous involvement that precludes independent movement of the overlying skin. Fibroblastic sarcoids have a fleshy fibrovascular appearance, often closely resembling granulation tissue. Type 1 fibroblastic sarcoids are pedunculated, whereas type 2 have a broad locally invasive base. The malignant sarcoid is an aggressive locally invasive form that extends widely into adjacent skin and subcutis. Mixed forms are common, and it is probably true that the large majority of sarcoid lesions have mixed components of two or more types.
Magnetic Resonance Arthrogram and Arthroscopy of the Shoulder: A Comparative Retrospective Study with Emphasis on Posterior Labral Lesions and Radiologist Locality

Background Magnetic resonance arthrography(MRA) is a routine diagnostic investigation for glenohumeral lesions; however, diagnostic arthroscopy remains the gold standard. The present study aimed tto investigate the diagnostic accuracy of glenohumeral MRA compared to arthroscopy, with particular interest in previously unreported aspects, such as posterior labral lesions and the locality of the reporting radiologists. Methods Ninety-five consecutive patients with pre-operative MRA and subsequent arthroscopy were included. Patients were grouped into MRA reported by specialist radiologists within the specialist shoulder unit (n = 58) or reported by nonlocal musculoskeletal radiologists (n = 37). Results In the local radiologist group, the sensitivity/specificity for Hill – Sachs lesions was 0.71/0.85, anterior labral tears 0.75/0.73, posterior labral tears 0.50/0.92, superior labral tear from anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions 0.71/0/91 and rotator cuff tears (RCTs) 0.40/0.81. In the nonlocal radiologist group, the sensitivity/specificity for Hill – Sachs lesions was 0.64/0.88, anterior labral tears 0.70/0.79, posterior labral tears 0.40/0.81, SLAP lesions 0.66/0/82 and RCT 0.40/0.81. A nonsignificant trend of lower sensitivity/specificity for lesions reviewed by the nonlocal radiologists was found. Discussion MRA is not 100% sensitive or specific and does not negate arthroscopy. There is a lower diagnostic accuracy of posterior compared to anterior labral lesions and improved accuracy of glenohumeral MRA diagnosis may be achieved with the increased experience of radiologists within specialist units and regular surgical feedback of cases.
Intestinal‐specific PPARγ deficiency enhances tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice

Multiple investigations of the effects of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands on colon cancer have produced contradictory results. While some studies demonstrated increased numbers of colonic polyps in ApcMin/+ mice treated with various thiazolidinedione (TZD) PPARγ ligands, others reported amelioration of tumor multiplicity and progression in both ApcMin/+ mice and in mice with chemically‐induced colon cancer. Here, we addressed the role of PPARγ in murine intestinal tumorigenesis using gene knockout methodology. We found that either heterozygous or homozygous intestinal‐specific PPARγ deficiency enhanced the number of ApcMin/+ tumors in both the small intestine and colon, especially in the colon, where PPARγ deficiency also modulated tumor incidence. Gender significantly affected tumor multiplicity independent of PPARγ genotype. Female ApcMin/+ mice developed more tumors in the small intestine and more tumors overall, whereas male ApcMin/+ mice developed more tumors in the colon. Nevertheless, intestinal PPARγ deficiency enhanced tumorigenesis irrespective of gender. Our results suggest that PPARγ functions as a tumor resistance factor in the mouse intestine and warrant further investigation of the PPARγ‐dependent and independent actions of TZDs in cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Harvest and Processing Techniques for Fat Grafting and Adipose Stem Cell Isolation

Background: Variability in harvest and processing technique may impact the success of fat grafting. This study compared properties of fat grafts produced by differing methods and assessed volume retention of the grafted tissue in a nude mouse model. Methods: In phase I, fat was harvested by either suction-assisted lipoaspiration or ultrasound-assisted lipoaspiration and then filtered using two different pore sizes. Graft material was analyzed for average parcel size; relative oil, fat, and aqueous fractions; and stromal vascular fraction yield. Filtrands and filtrates were injected into athymic nude mice. In phase II, lipoaspirate harvested by suction-assisted lipoaspiration only was processed by centrifugation, cotton gauze rolling, or filtration, and then studied in a similar manner. Results: Fat harvested by ultrasound- and suction-assisted lipoaspiration had comparable stromal vascular fraction counts and graft retention in vivo. Ultrasound-assisted lipoaspiration released only slightly more oil than suction-assisted lipoaspiration; filtering with either 500- or 800-µm pore size effectively removed fluid and oil. Centrifugation, cotton-gauze rolling, and filtration also effectively removed fluid and oil. In vivo graft retention and stromal vascular fraction yield was highest with the cotton gauze method. Histologic analysis of all explants showed intact adipose tissue. Conclusions: Ultrasound- and suction-assisted lipoaspiration yielded similar retention of fat grafts in a xenograft model. Processing with cotton gauze rolling may be best suited for grafting cosmetically sensitive areas of the body in which optimal retention is critical and lower total graft volumes are needed. Filtration and centrifugation both effectively removed fluid fractions and resulted in comparable graft retention, and are more feasible when larger volumes are required.
The staff's view on dementia and the care in three cultures: A qualitative study in France, Portugal and Sweden

This article discusses the staff's view on dementia and its impact on the care delivered arising out of a qualitative comparative study focusing on long-term care of older people in France, Portugal and Sweden. The aim was to explore the staff's view on the illness dementia; on older people suffering from dementia; the care provided and the impact of various views on the care. The care was studied through observations at 22 care settings in the three countries and the staff's attitudes were explored by means of interviews with 79 people. A relation-oriented phenomenological approach was used. Great differences appeared regarding the various staff groups’ views. The findings also indicated that the staff's view; the cultural context and the organizational environment might have an impact on the care provided. However the impact of professional affiliation and the way of collaborating seemed to be of greater significance than other similarities or differences. An interdisciplinary based starting point, with close collaboration between medical based health care and social care of older people suffering from dementia in integrative care models, is therefore of vital importance.
Comparison of cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of photoluminescent silicon nanoparticles with silicon micron‐sized particles in RAW 264.7 macrophages

Photoluminescent silicon nanoparticles have a bright and stable fluorescence and are promising candidates for bio‐imaging, cell staining and drug delivery. With increasing development of nanotechnology applications for biomedicine, an understanding of the potential toxicity of nanoparticles is needed to assess safety concerns for clinical applications. The objective of this study was to compare biological responses of silicon nanoparticles (SNs, 3 nm diameter) with silicon microparticles (SMs, ∼100–3000 nm diameter) in cultured murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) using standard protocols for assessing cytotoxicity/cell viability and inflammatory responses developed for micron‐sized particles. SNs and SMs were exposed to macrophages with and without addition of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a positive inducer of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and nitric oxide (NO). Cytotoxicity was assayed using the dye exclusion and MTT assays. Cell supernatants were assayed for production TNF‐α, IL‐6 and NO. SNs at concentrations ≤20 µg ml−1 exhibited no cytotoxicity or inflammatory responses; however, SNs and SMs >20 and 200 µg ml−1, respectively, increased cytotoxicity compared with controls. SMs induced concentration‐related increases in TNF‐α and IL‐6 production; in contrast, the production of these cytokines was shown to decrease with increasing concentrations of SNs. NO production was not induced by SNs or SMs alone. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that SNs were associated with the macrophages, either internalized or attached to cell membranes. In conclusion, evaluating differences in biological responses for nanoparticles compared with microparticles of the same material may help improve tests to assess biological responses of nanoparticles that may be used in biomedical applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to identify rectal sub-regions likely involved in rectal bleeding in prostate cancer radiotherapy

Nowadays, the de nition of patient-speci c constraints in prostate cancer radiotherapy planning are solely based on dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters. Nevertheless those DVH models lack of spatial accuracy since they do not use the complete 3D information of the dose distribution. The goal of the study was to propose an automatic work ow to de ne patient-speci c rectal sub-regions (RSR) involved in rectal bleeding (RB) in case of prostate cancer radiotherapy. A multi-atlas database spanning the large rectal shape variability was built from a population of 116 individuals. Non-rigid registration followed by voxel-wise statistical analysis on those templates allowed nding RSR likely correlated with RB (from a learning cohort of 63 patients). To de ne patient-speci c RSR, weighted atlas-based segmentation with a vote was then applied to 30 test patients. Results show the potentiality of the method to be used for patient-speci c planning of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).
Atlas of the Visible Human Male: Reverse Engineering of the Human Body

Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy , by Frank Netter, one CD-ROM, requirements: Windows 3.1: IBM-compatible, 486, Windows 3.1 or higher, 4MB RAM, 4MB available hard disk space, 13-in VGA monitor with 256 colors at 640x480 resolution, CD-ROM drive; Macintosh: System 6.0. 8 or later with 68020 processor, 4MB RAM, 13-in color monitor with 256 colors minimum at 640x480, CD-ROM drive, documentation: 24-pp user's guide, $99.95, ISBN 0-914168-21-5, Summit, NJ, Ciba-Geigy Corp, 1995. The Visible Human Project to develop a three-dimensional anatomical visualization of the entire human body, an entire virtual cadaver, now has an official photo atlas. Atlas of the Visible Human Male , by Victor Spitzer and David Whitlock of the University of Colorado School of Medicine, features all 1878 full-color, crosssectional images from the Visible Human Dataset. It also offers nearly 1000 reconstructed coronal and sagittal images plus representative clinical scans and three-dimensional renderings. The images were created by quartering, slicing
Separate But Equal

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Emotional Memory in Early Steroid Abnormalities: An fMRI Study of Adolescents With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Hormonal imbalances during development may have long-lasting effects. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared 14 youths with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), a genetic disorder of hormonal dysfunction, with 22 healthy controls on memory encoding of emotional faces. Patients remembered fewer faces than controls, particularly fearful faces. FMRI data to successfully encoded fearful faces revealed that males with CAH showed significant activations in amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate relative to unaffected males, while females with CAH demonstrated deactivations relative to unaffected females in these regions. Findings indicate that steroid abnormalities during development can have important effects on neural correlates of emotional memory.
Association of Anxiety Disorders and Depression With Incident Heart Failure

Objective Depression has been associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF). Because anxiety is highly comorbid with depression, we sought to establish if anxiety, depression, or their co-occurrence is associated with incident HF. Methods A retrospective cohort (N = 236,079) including Veteran’s Administration patients (age, 50–80 years) free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline was followed up between 2001 and 2007. Cox proportional hazards models were computed to estimate the association between anxiety disorders alone, major depressive disorder (MDD) alone, and the combination of anxiety and MDD, with incident HF before and after adjusting for sociodemographics, CVD risk factors (Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity), nicotine dependence/personal history of tobacco use, substance use disorders (alcohol and illicit drug abuse/dependence), and psychotropic medication. Results Compared with unaffected patients, those with anxiety only, MDD only, and both disorders were at increased risk for incident HF in age-adjusted models (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.19 [ 95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.10–1.28], HR = 1.21 [95% CI = 1.13–1.28], and HR = 1.24 [95% CI = 1.17–1.32], respectively). After controlling for psychotropics in a full model, the association between anxiety only, MDD only, and both disorders and incident HF increased (HRs = 1.46, 1.56, and 1.74, respectively). Conclusions Anxiety disorders, MDD, and co-occurring anxiety and MDD are associated with incident HF in this large cohort of Veteran’s Administration patients free of CVD at baseline. This risk of HF is greater after accounting for protective effects of psychotropic medications. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of depression and anxiety and their pharmacological treatment in the etiology of HF.
Acute toxic effects and gender‐related biokinetics of silver nanoparticles following an intravenous injection in mice

This study evaluated the acute toxicity and biokinetics of intravenously administered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in mice. Mice were exposed to different dosages of AgNPs (7.5, 30 or 120 mg kg−1). Toxic effects were assessed via general behavior, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological observation of the mice. Biokinetics and tissue distribution of AgNPs were evaluated at a dose of 120 mg kg−1 in both male and female mice. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used to determine silver concentrations in blood and tissue samples collected at predetermined time intervals. After 2 weeks, AgNPs exerted no obvious acute toxicity in the mice. However, inflammatory reactions in lung and liver cells were induced in mice treated at the 120 mg kg−1 dose level. The highest silver levels were observed in the spleen, followed by liver, lungs and kidneys. The elimination half‐lives and clearance of AgNPs were 15.6 h and 1.0 ml h−1 g−1 for male mice and 29.9 h and 0.8 ml h−1 g−1 for female mice. These results indicated that AgNPs could be distributed extensively to various tissues in the body, but primarily in the spleen and liver. Furthermore, there appears to be gender‐related differences in the biokinetic profiles in blood and distribution in lungs and kidneys following an intravenous injection of AgNPs. The data from this study provides information on toxicity and biodistribution of AgNPs following intravenous administration in mice, which represents the worst case scenario of toxicity among all the different administration routes, and may shed light in the future use of products containing AgNPs in humans. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absence of genotoxic effects of the coumarin derivative 4‐methylesculetin in vivo and its potential chemoprevention against doxorubicin‐induced DNA damage

4‐Methylesculetin (4‐ME) is a synthetic derivative of coumarin that displays a potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger and metal chelating agent and therefore has been produced to help reduce the risk of human disease. The main objective of this study was to investigate the in vivo genotoxicity of 4‐ME and initially to verify its potential antigenotoxicity on doxorubicin (DXR)‐induced DNA damage. Different doses of 4‐ME (500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg–1 body weight) were administered by gavage only or with a simultaneous intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of DXR (80 mg kg–1). The following endpoints were analyzed: DNA damage in peripheral blood, liver, bone marrow, brain and testicle cells according to an alkaline (pH > 13) comet assay and micronucleus induction in bone marrow cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed by scoring polychromatic (PCE) and normochromatic (NCE) erythrocytes (PCE/NCE ratio). No differences were observed between the negative control and the groups treated with a 4‐ME dose for any of the endpoints analyzed, indicating that it lacks genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. Moreover, 4‐ME demonstrated protective effects against DXR‐induced DNA damage at all tested doses and in all analyzed cell types, which ranged from 34.1% to 93.3% in the comet assay and 54.4% to 65.9% in the micronucleus test. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vision impairment during cardiac surgery and extracorporeal circulation: current understanding and the need for further investigation

The aim of this article was to provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge regarding ocular hemodynamic alterations affecting the retinal neuroglial cells and optic nerve head (ONH) function during cardiac surgery. Literature indicates that visual loss after heart surgery is a rare but devastating complication provoked by two main causes of optic ischaemia and infarction during on‐pump cardiac procedures: microembolism and/or hypoperfusion. Retinal ischaemia and ischaemic optic neuropathy are two possible major consequences of extracorporeal circulation in cardiac surgery. The hemodynamic modifications within the vascular beds of retina and ONH during cardiovascular operations have been incompletely studied. Consequently, it is of great interest to investigate the hemodynamic changes during cardiopulmonary bypass within the choroidal, retinal and optic nerve microcirculations as well as other potential causes of vaso‐occlusion. Maintaining stable hemodynamic parameters during cardiovascular surgery seems to be the key to prevent visual impairment.
Can Modified Neuromuscular Training Support the Treatment of Chronic Pain in Adolescents?

ABSTRACT MANY ADOLESCENT PATIENTS WHO SUFFER FROM CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN LIVE SEDENTARY LIVES BECAUSE OF DISCOMFORT AND FEAR OF FLARE-UPS WITH ACTIVITY. THEREFORE, BEFORE INITIATING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PAIN WHO ARE INACTIVE SHOULD UNDERGO ADEQUATE TRAINING TO REDUCE THE RISK OF PAIN FLARE-UPS AND EVEN INJURY. IMPLEMENTING A NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING PROGRAM, WHICH FOCUSES ON GENERAL AND SPECIFIC STRENGTH EXERCISES THAT TEACH PROPER TECHNIQUE AND JOINT MECHANICS, MAY PROVIDE AN OPPORTUNITY TO PREPARE FOR THE DEMANDS OF INCREASING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING PROTOCOL SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN THIS CLINICAL POPULATION.