Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on Influencing Factors to HIV Health Services Among MSM: Based on Andersen Behavioral Model

Background: We assessed the utilization of HIV health services and its influencing factors on consistent condom use, HIV testing and HIV counseling among men who have sex with men (MSM), so as to provide a theoretical basis for future infectious disease prevention and control strategies and health services policy formulation. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. From April 2013 to October 2014, a sample survey was conducted in southwest China including Chongqing, Sichuan, Xinjiang and Guangxi, and an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among MSM who met the requirements and were recruited. Based on Anderson Behavioral Model, the questionnaire divided the influencing factors into predisposing factor, enabling factor and need factor. There were 1727 valid questionnaires. SAS 9.4 was used for univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis to explore the factors influencing the utilization of health services. AMOS Graphics 24.0 was used to construct the path diagram through path analysis to explore the effect among various factors. Results: In the survey of HIV health services, 9.96% of respondents consistently used condoms, 78.00% had HIV testing, and 60.63% had HIV counseling. Among the predisposing factor, the older respondents are, the easier it is to be tested for HIV(β=0.078, p＜0.001). Among the enabling factor, urban registration is a factor that promotes HIV testing and counseling(β=0.064,p=0.003 and β=0.072, p=0.002). Among the need factor, HIV knowledge score is also a key point affecting testing and counseling(β=0.157, p＜0.001 and β=0.184, p＜0.001). The diagnosis of STD can promote respondents counseling(β=0.051, p=0.031). Depression is a contributing factor to consistent condom use(β=0.051,p=0.033), but negative to HIV counseling(β=-0.119, p＜0.001). Conclusions: For these groups, MSM with high-risk characteristics should be identified as a priority in the future public health services. HIV knowledge should be promoted in health education, physical and mental health diagnosis and treatment should also be strengthened.
Organik Malç Uygulamalarının Toprağın Bazı Fiziksel Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Bu calisma, Turkiye’nin Dogu Akdeniz Bolgesinde yari-kurak iklim kosullarinda bugday yetistirilen arazilerde organik malc uygulamalarindan bugday samaninin toprak ozellikleri uzerine etkisini belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Calismada toprak yuzeyine farkli oranlarda (0, 300, 600 ve 900 kg da-1) bugday samani uygulanmistir. Deneme, arazi kosullarinda, tesaduf bloklari deneme desenine gore 3 tekerrurlu olarak kurulmustur. Bugday hasat sonrasi her parselden 0-15 cm derinlikten toprak ornekleri alinmis, havada kurutulup 2 mm’lik elekten gecirildikten sonra analizleri yapilmistir. Sonucta, organik malc uygulamalarindan bugday samaninin uygulamalara bagli olarak topragin organik madde miktarini artirdigi tespit edilmistir. Ayrica bugday samaninin topraklarin likit limit, plastik limit, yarayisli su icerigi ve tarla kapasitesini de artirmistir. Uygulama dozuna bagli olarak topragin likit limit, plastik limit, yarayisli su icerigi ve tarla kapasite artisi organik madde ile iliskilendirilmistir. Yapilan istatistiksel analiz sonucuna gore, organik madde, likit limit, plastik limit, yarayisli su icerigi ve tarla kapasitesi uzerine (p<0.05) onemli farkliliklar bulunmustur. Kahramanmaras kosullarinda 600 ve 900 kg/da bugday samaninin uygulamalarinin topraklarda organik maddenin artirilmasi, bitkiye elverisli su kapasitesini artirdigi, yuzey akisini azalttigi, porozite ozelliklerini iyilestirerek kok bolgesinde su ve hava tutma dengesi saglayabilecegi, dolayisiyla bitkisel uretimde verim ve kaliteyi artiracagi sonucuna varilmistir.
Effect of Heroin on Liver and Kidney Functions

Background and Aim: Drug use disorders are serious health issues with a significant burden for individuals affected and their families. There are also significant costs to society including lost productivity, security challenges and crime. Heroin has the highest dependence, tolerance and withdrawal score. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of heroin on liver and renal functions. Materials and Methods: This comparative case control study was carried out on 60 males aged from 15 to 45 years old at the Department of Neuropsychiatry and the Center of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Tanta University, Egypt from March 2019 through April 2020. Patients group: 30 patients with heroin use disorders diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria with history of smoking. Control group: thirty smoker persons were taken as a control group matching with patients group. All participants were subjected to: History taking, physical examination and investigations including liver and renal function tests, urine drug screening and psychometry by the addiction severity index scale. Results: Heroin addicts had significant elevation in liver enzyme (Aspartate and Alanine transaminase) and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between heroin group and control regarding Albumin/Globulin ratio, Prothrombin Time, International Normalized Ratio and bilirubin level. Heroin addicts had significant elevation in blood urea, serum Original Research Article Abohamar et al.; JAMMR, 32(24): 204-215, 2020; Article no.JAMMR. 64576 205 creatinine and Albumin/Creatinine ratio (P <0.001). There was significant decrease in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in heroin group in comparison to control group (p<0.001). Positive correlation with statistical significance between (dose of heroin in grams, duration of use of heroin and severity index of addiction) and (liver functions and renal functions) in patient group. Conclusion: In heroin addicts, there was significant elevation in liver enzymes, ALP, Albumin/creatinine ratio, Urea and Creatinine and significant decrease in eGFR. The higher the dose of heroin use, the more the impairment of liver and renal functions. The longer the duration of heroin use,the more the deterioration of liver and renal functions. The more the severity index of addiction, the more the impairment of liver and renal functions.
Predicting The Risk and Timing of Bipolar Disorder In Offspring of Bipolar Parents: Exploring The Utility of a Neural Network Approach

BackgroundBipolar disorder onset peaks over early adulthood and confirmed family history is a robust risk factor. However, penetrance within families varies and most children of bipolar parents will not develop the illness. Individualized risk prediction would be helpful for identifying those young people most at risk and to inform targeted intervention. Using prospectively collected data from the Canadian Flourish High-Risk Offspring cohort study available in routine practice, we explored the use of a neural network, known as the Partial Logistic Artificial Neural Network (PLANN) to predict the time to diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorders Results Overall, for predictive performance, PLANN outperformed the more traditional logistic model for one year, three year and five-year predictions. PLANN was better able to discriminate or rank individuals based on their risk of developing bipolar disorder, better able to predict the probability of developing bipolar disorder and had higher accuracy than the logistic model. ConclusionsThis evaluation of PLANN is a useful step in the investigation of using neural networks as tools in the prediction of diagnosis of mental health for at-risk individuals and demonstrated the potential that neural networks have in this field. Future research is needed to replicate these findings in a separate high-risk sample.
Assessing the Impacts of Large-Scale Water Transfer Projects on Communities: Lessons Learned from a Systematic Literature Review

Abstract Large-scale water transfer projects (LWTPs) have been promoted to address rising water demands around the world. Scholars have been examining various impacts of LWTPs for decades; however, there is limited research that systematically examines the literature and synthesizes impacts and lessons learned from LWTPs. By conducting a systematic literature review, we assess the impacts of LWTP implementation on communities followed by the social, political, and economic factors that shape the implementation of LWTPs. Our review indicates that LWTPs can threaten livelihood strategies, jeopardize the sustainability of traditional cultures, and disrupt communities through resettlement. These impacts are shaped by the use of water as a political mechanism, the prioritization of economic interests, and unequal participation of stakeholders. Our review goes beyond individual studies of LWTPs to highlight the importance of using an environmental justice framework to guide LWTP assessments so that these assessments can address unique contexts of individual LWTPs.
Early Mixed Inflammatory Response in Children with Sepsis

Objective: The systemic inflammatory and immune response directly influence the prognosis of patient with sepsis. By detecting the pro-/anti-inflammatory and immune biomarkers, we aim to understand the early systemic inflammatory response and immune status, and explore the potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment for pediatric patients with sepsis. Methods: 62 pediatric patients with sepsis and 48 pediatric patients without sepsis, between 9 months and 13 years old were included. The HLA-DR expression on CD14+ monocytes, the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and IL-27+ CD4+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The Foxp3, CTLA-4, GITR, IL-10, L-17A, IL-17F and IL-27 mRNA levels in CD4+cells were evaluated by Real-time PCR. And Cytokines IL-4, IFN-γ and TGF-β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum IFN-γ，transcription levels of IL-17A and IL-17F were higher than that in patients without sepsis (p<0.01), while TGF-β was lower (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-4 level between pediatric patients with and without sepsis. The HLA-DR expression was significantly lower than that in pediatric patients without sepsis (p<0.01), but the expression rate of HLA-DR in two groups are greater than 30%. Compared to pediatric patients without sepsis, there was a lower proportion of CD4+CD25+Treg cells in pediatric patients with sepsis (p<0.01), but with a higher of Foxp3, CTLA-4 and IL-10 mRNA (p<0.01). The IL-27 mRNA and the proportion of CD4+ IL-27+ cells were significantly raised in pediatric patients with sepsis than that in pediatric patients without sepsis (p<0.01). Conclusion: At early stage of sepsis, the pro-inflammatory factors co-exist with anti-inflammatory factors, but the pro-inflammatory response dominates. The IL-27 may exert bi-directional regulation in the mixed immune responses, and can be detected as a potential biomarker for determination of immune status for pediatric patients with sepsis. Also, although the immune function influenced at early stage in pediatric patients with sepsis, the expression rate of HLA-DR was greater than 30%, so treatments of immune regulation could not be necessary at early stage for pediatric patients with sepsis.
Multi-Period Portfolio Optimization with Investor Views under Regime Switching

We propose a novel multi-period trading model that allows portfolio managers to perform optimal portfolio allocation while incorporating their interpretable investment views. This model’s significant advantage is its intuitive and reactive design that incorporates the latest asset return regimes to quantitatively solve managers’ question: how certain should one be that a given investment view is occurring? First, we describe a framework for multi-period portfolio allocation formulated as a convex optimization problem that trades off expected return, risk and transaction costs. Using a framework borrowed from model predictive control introduced by Boyd et al., we employ optimization to plan a sequence of trades using forecasts of future quantities, only the first set being executed. Multi-period trading lends itself to dynamic readjustment of the portfolio when gaining new information. Second, we use the Black-Litterman model to combine investment views specified in a simple linear combination based format with the market portfolio. A data-driven method to adjust the confidence in the manager’s views by comparing them to dynamically updated regime-switching forecasts is proposed. Our contribution is to incorporate both multi-period trading and interpretable investment views into one framework and offer a novel method of using regime-switching to determine each view’s confidence. This method replaces portfolio managers’ need to provide estimated confidence levels for their views, substituting them with a dynamic quantitative approach. The framework is reactive, tractable and tested on 15 years of daily historical data. In a numerical example, this method’s benefits are found to deliver higher excess returns for the same degree of risk in both the case when an investment view proves to be correct, but, more notably, also the case when a view proves to be incorrect. To facilitate ease of use and future research, we also developed an open-source software library that replicates our results.
Using Deliberative Democracy for Better Urban Decision-Making through Integrative Thinking

This article expands the evidence about integrative thinking by analyzing two case studies that applied the collaborative decision-making method of deliberative democracy which encourages representative, deliberative and influential public participation. The four-year case studies took place in Western Australia, (1) in the capital city Perth and surrounds, and (2) in the city-region of Greater Geraldton. Both aimed at resolving complex and wicked urban sustainability challenges as they arose. The analysis suggests that a new way of thinking, namely integrative thinking, emerged during the deliberations to produce operative outcomes for decision-makers. Building on theory and research demonstrating that deliberative designs lead to improved reasoning about complex issues, the two case studies show that through discourse based on deliberative norms, participants developed different mindsets, remaining open-minded, intuitive and representative of ordinary people’s basic common sense. This spontaneous appearance of integrative thinking enabled sound decision-making about complex and wicked sustainability-related urban issues. In both case studies, the participants exhibited all characteristics of integrative thinking to produce outcomes for decision-makers: salience—grasping the problems’ multiple aspects; causality—identifying multiple sources of impacts; sequencing—keeping the whole in view while focusing on specific aspects; and resolution—discovering novel ways that avoided bad choice trade-offs.
Comparative analysis of spatial-temporal patterns of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in Africa using genetic data, 2011–2014

Background Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are leading causes of viral severe acute respiratory illnesses in childhood. Both the two viruses belong to the Pneumoviridae family and show overlapping clinical, epidemiological and transmission features. However, it is unknown whether these two viruses have similar geographic spread patterns which may inform designing and evaluating their epidemic control measures. Methods We conducted comparative phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses to explore the spatial-temporal patterns of HMPV and RSV across Africa using 232 HMPV and 842 RSV attachment (G) glycoprotein gene sequences obtained from 5 countries (The Gambia, Zambia, Mali, South Africa, and Kenya) between August 2011 and January 2014. Results Phylogeographic analyses found frequently similar patterns of spread of RSV and HMPV. Viral sequences commonly clustered by region, i.e., West Africa (Mali, Gambia), East Africa (Kenya) and Southern Africa (Zambia, South Africa), and similar genotype dominance patterns were observed between neighbouring countries. Both HMPV and RSV country epidemics were characterized by co-circulation of multiple genotypes. Sequences from different African sub-regions (East, West and Southern Africa) fell into separate clusters interspersed with sequences from other countries globally. Conclusion The spatial clustering patterns of viral sequences and genotype dominance patterns observed in our analysis suggests strong regional links and predominant local transmission. The geographical clustering further suggests independent introduction of HMPV and RSV variants in Africa from the global pool, and local regional diversification.
Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Tingkat Literasi keuangan, Instrumen Literasi Keuangan pada Keputusan Pembelian pada Media Online (Studi Kasus Masyarakat di Daerah Tangerang Selatan)

The development of digital technology and the trend of e-commerce cause changes in people's shopping patterns that in beginning is offline conventional to switch to online shopping through web/ blogs. So that in this study, the authors are interested in examining whether there is an influence from the level of education, the level of financial literacy, financial literacy instruments on purchasing decisions in online media with a case study on the community in the South Tangerang City. The research method used is descriptive quantitative by processing data and analysis obtained from a survey of a sample of the population in the South Tangerang City. The results obtained from the survey conducted on the people of the South Tangerang City were the efficiency factor and the cheaper price factor were considered the most influential factors in purchasing decisions on online media. The advantages of shopping transactions offered through online media, especially during the Covid pandemic, have caused many people to change their offline shopping patterns to online to buy the items they need. This is also reinforced by the results of research from the hypothesis test which concludes that the level of education, the level of financial literacy and financial literacy instruments do not affect the value of purchasing decisions ononline media in South Tangerang City society either partially (t test) or simultaneously (F test). sig value> 0.05. Abstrak Perkembangan teknologi digital dan trend e-commerce menyebabkan perubahan pola belanja masyarakat yang awalnya bersifat konvensional offline beralih ke pola belanja online melalui web/blog. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini, penulis tertarik untuk meneliti apakah ada pengaruh dari tingkat pendidikan , tingkat literasi keuangan, dan instrumen literasi keuangan pada keputusan pembelian terhadap media online dengan studi kasus pada masyarakat di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskritif kuantitatif dengan melakukan pengolahan data dan analisa yang diperoleh dari hasil survey terhadap sample dari populasi masyarakat di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari survei yang dilakukan pada masyarakat daerah Kota Tangerang Selatan adalah faktor efisiensi dan faktor harga yang lebih murah dianggap sebagai faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam keputusan pembelian pada media online. Keuntungan transaksi belanja yang ditawarkan melalui media online terutama selama pandemic covid ini menyebabkan banyak masyarakat yang mengubah pola belanja offline menjadi online untuk membeli barang yang diperlukan. Hal ini diperkuat dengan hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian bahwa faktor tingkat pendidikan dan literasi keuangan tidak mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian pada media online di masyarakat Kota Tangerang Selatan baik secara partial (Uji t) maupun simultan (Uji F) dengan nilai sig > 0,05. Kata Kunci : Tingkat Pendidikan, Tingkat Literasi Keuangan, Instrumen Literasi Keuangan, KeputusanPembelian Pada Media Online
Fishiness of Piscine Birds Linked to Absence of Poisonous Fungi but not Pizza

What is a species? That is one of the main questions in evolutionary biology, ecology, and conservation biology. Another question is this one: Can the degree of fish-likeness in birds be linked to the absence of poisonous fungi? Sparked by recent major ornithological advances we set out to assess whether the reason that some birds are more morphologically like fish than others could be explained by the prevalence of fungi of mild to severe toxicity. Whereas birds of several taxonomic orders are partly or predominantly aquatic, few have adapted so strongly to an underwater lifestyle as penguins (Sphenisciformes).
Experimental Investigation on the Interaction Forces between Clathrate Hydrate Particles in the Presence of a Water Bridge

The agglomeration of hydrate particles is one of the main causes of hydrate accumulation or bedding in oil and gas pipelines. The unconverted water droplets in the system play a crucial role in hydrate particle agglomeration. In this study, a novel technique was developed to directly measure the interaction forces between cyclopentane hydrate particles with a water bridge between them using a micromechanical force apparatus. On the basis of the developed method, the interaction forces at different temperatures and water bridge volumes and the effects of mineral oil were experimentally studied. At a low subcooling level of 1.7 °C, the contact areas and adhesion forces between the hydrate particles and water droplets increased with the increase in the water droplet volume. For the case of a higher subcooling level of 6.2 °C, rapid hydrate formation between the bridging water droplets prevented the hydrate particles from being effectively wetted, resulting in a small contact area. There was no clear relation.
LOS VERBOS PSICOLÓGICOS EN LOS MANUALES DE ELE: UN ANÁLISIS COMUNICATIVO-COGNITIVO

Las Gramaticas Cognitiva y Operativa como enfoques centrados en la ensenanza de lenguas defienden el imperturbable vinculo forma-significado y le confieren asi a la gramatica el valor semantico que merece. Sin embargo, su aplicacion en el aula de Espanol Lengua Extranjera (ELE) no ha visto explotado todo su potencial. En este sentido, resulta util abordar las dificultades que presentan los aprendientes de ELE en la correcta asimilacion de clausulas Experimentador-Objeto con verbos psicologicos. A esta complicacion se suma el enfoque tradicional y descriptivo adoptado en los manuales. Por ello, este estudio busca examinar desde la perspectiva de estos enfoques el tratamiento de estas estructuras en 10 manuales de gran impacto correspondientes a los niveles A1, A2 y B1 (sumando asi un total de 36 manuales y 70 unidades) y estudiar como se ajustan al inventario de emociones del Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes (PCIC). Los resultados corroboran la hipotesis de que los verbos psicologicos se presentan escasa y asistematicamente en el PCIC y en los manuales, y evidencian cierta disparidad entre los contenidos por niveles que el PCIC detalla. Partiendo de las limitaciones presentes en los manuales, se propone la base de un material que incorpora el modelo operacional y los roles semantico-referenciales de Experimentador y Estimulo.
Filtration mechanisms and manufacturing methods of face masks: An overview

Face masks are loose-fitting masks that cover the nose and mouth and have ear ties at the back of the head whereas respirators are tight-fitting face covering devices which filter the air during inhalation and exhalation. Guidelines issued by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regarding proper design, filtration process and wearing should be followed. The mask equipment provides protection against the infections caused by particulate matters (PM), especially PM2.5, and biological pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Although face masks offer benefits to a greater extent, it is not recommended to wear them for a long period of time. As N95 masks closely fit with the face, it may result in negative impact on respiratory and dermal mechanisms of human thermoregulation. In this article, currently available face masks including cloth masks, their filtration mechanisms, manufacturing methods and decontamination methods are reviewed for the purpose of helping with the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19).