Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational study of compound angle film cooling flow field and aerodynamic losses using a parallel hybrid mesh Navier–Stokes code

Flow characteristics and aerodynamic losses of film cooling injection with compound angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° for velocity ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 are numerically investigated using the high-quality hybrid meshes comprising tetrahedrons, prisms, and pyramids. The solutions are obtained by solving the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, and the cell-vertex finite volume method is used to discretize these equations. The predicted results are firstly validated against the experimental data. It has been found that the variation tendency of mass average net total pressure loss coefficient with compound angles is reasonably predicted and in many cases well predicted. The analyses based on net total pressure losses show that the aerodynamic losses tend to increase with the increasing of compound angle regardless of the velocity ratio, and the tendency becomes more obvious when the velocity ratio is large. On the other hand, some typical cases are additionally calculated with different turbulence models and flux computation schemes for the comparisons. A latest proposed numerical flux computation method, simple low-dissipative AUSM (SLAU) scheme, is adopted in the predictions. The results indicate that SLAU scheme is slightly superior to Harten–Lax–van Leer–Einfeldt–Wada scheme in the prediction of compound angle film cooling injection.
Analysis of the impact of pulse-width modulated inverter voltage waveforms on AC induction motors

The purpose of this paper is not to reveal any new technology or major break through pertaining to the impact of pulse width modulated (PWM) adjustable speed drives operating on AC motors. Nor is it to discuss the merits of the various designs of the drives. The applications are also well defined. The area where much confusion still exists deals with the voltage waveform impact on the motor performance. Hence, this is the central theme of the paper. The author has assumed that the traditional fundamental sinewave voltage is (except for starting or outside influences) a steady state condition, with a maximum and an RMS value. The effects of the maximum voltage, rate of rise, switching frequencies, resonance and harmonics are all considered. <<ETX>>
Can the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of Health Behavior Change Explain the Intent for People to Practice Meditation?

Meditation is gaining popularity as adjuvant therapy for many chronic ailments, mental well-being, and spiritual growth. Behavioral theories have been underutilized in understanding meditation behavior. This study aimed to test if a fourth-generation multi-theory model (MTM) could explain the intent for starting and maintaining meditation behavior in a sample of US adults. A face and content valid 48-item instrument based on MTM was administered in a cross-sectional design through an online survey (n = 330). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.70) and construct validation using structural equation modeling of the subscales were all acceptable. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that, after controlling for demographic covariates, the MTM constructs of participatory dialogue (β = 0.153; P = .002) and behavioral confidence (β = 0.479; P < .001) were statistically significant in predicting intent for starting meditation behavior and accounted for 32.9% of the variance. Furthermore, after controlling for demographic covariates, the MTM constructs of emotional transformation (β = 0.390; P < .001) and changes in the social environment (β = 0.395; P < .001) were statistically significant and accounted for 52.9% of the variance in the intent for maintaining meditation behavior. Based on this study, it can be concluded that MTM offers a pragmatic framework to design, implement, and evaluate evidence-based (theory-based) meditation behavior change interventions.
Maximizing output power of linear generators for wave energy conversion

SUMMARY The aim of wave energy converters is to extract energy from ocean waves and turn it into electricity. Since the earliest developments, optimal control strategy has been considered the one that optimizes the power extracted from the oscillating system. This technique requires energy exchanges between the oscillating system and an auxiliary storage energy system, and has been shown to be potentially capable of substantially increasing the amount of energy absorbed. Nevertheless, it requires very efficient devices due to the huge losses, which occur when operating conditions are far from the natural frequency of the oscillating system. Moreover, this optimization criteria cause large heave excursions in the oscillating system and high peak-to-average power ratios of the system. In this paper, a point absorber converter that uses a linear direct-drive generator and power electronics converters jointly is considered. This article presents a novel method of control, which optimizes the power transferred from the generator to the power electronic converter considering the copper losses in the electric generator. This approach of the optimization method allows a significant increase in the wave energy converter's capacity of energy conversion. Applying the proposed control strategy, power exchanges between the oscillating system and the generator can be reduced, and in consequence, system efficiency significantly increases. In addition, the oscillating system's heave excursions and the peak-to-average power ratio decrease. The formulation of the proposed method is presented as well as numerical simulations in irregular waves. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Non-governmental Organizations in Empowering Women Political Representation in Nigeria

The need for greater women political representation in government through collaborative efforts of non-governmental organizations in Nigeria is long overdue. Non-governmental organizations have a paramount role in ensuring greater political representation of women, especially in developing countries and in Nigeria in particular. Thus, this paper aims to assess the role of non-governmental organizations in empowering greater women political representation in Nigeria and the setback faced by these NGOs. Content analysis technique was employed in this study by using scholarly journals articles. The paper used about twenty scholarly journal articles retrieved from Google Scholar, Web of Science, Sage and other scholar search engine were sourced and used. The findings indicate that increasing women's political representation is achievable through the inclusion of critical stakeholders such as NGOs in the entire electioneering process. The findings also indicate the NGOs in their quest to empower women politically. They are often faced with setbacks such as the absence of political interest amongst the women and the lack of commitment of the critical stakeholders. Thus, the paper recommends the mass orientation and awareness creation of women in and around the country.
Dish-Stirling Systems: An Overview of Development and Status

Dish-Stirling systems have demonstrated the highest efficiency of any solar power generation system by converting nearly 30% of direct-normal incident solar radiation into electricity after accounting for parasitic power losses [1]. These high-performance, solar power systems have been in development for two decades with the primary focus in recent years on reducing the capital and operating costs of systems. Even though the systems currently cost about $10,000 US/kW installed, major cost reduction will occur with mass production and further development of the systems. Substantial progress has been made to improve reliability thereby reducing the operating and maintenance costs of the systems. As capital costs drop to about $3000 US/kW, promising market opportunities appear to be developing in green power and distributed generation markets in the southwestern United States and in Europe. In this paper, we review the current status of four Dish-Stirling systems that are being developed for commercial markets and present system specifications and review system performance and cost data. We also review the economics, capital cost, operating and maintenance costs, and the emerging markets for Dish-Stirling systems.
Total Synthesis of Decahydroquinoline Poison Frog Alkaloids ent-cis-195A and cis-211A

The total synthesis of two decahydroquinoline poison frog alkaloids ent-cis-195A and cis-211A were achieved in 16 steps (38% overall yield) and 19 steps (31% overall yield), respectively, starting from known compound 1. Both alkaloids were synthesized from the common key intermediate 11 in a divergent fashion, and the absolute stereochemistry of natural cis-211A was determined to be 2R, 4aR, 5R, 6S, and 8aS. Interestingly, the absolute configuration of the parent decahydroquinoline nuclei of cis-211A was the mirror image of that of cis-195A, although both alkaloids were isolated from the same poison frog species, Oophaga (Dendrobates) pumilio, from Panama.
DEVELOPMENT OF KINEMATIC EQUATIONS FOR RACKING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FOUR-SIDED STRUCTURAL SEALANT GLAZING CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS

Full-scale, “unitized”, four-sided structural sealant glazing (4SSG) curtain wall system mockups featuring a re-entrant corner were subjected to cyclic racking displacements in accordance with the American Architectural Manufacturers Association AAMA 501.6 protocol to determine serviceability and ultimate behavior responses. Sealant cohesive failure and glass cracking were identified as limit states and corresponding drift levels were determined. The geometry of the mockup was used to develop equations that predicted the displacements of the glass, relative to the frame, based on the independent variable of inter-story drift. The displacements from those equations were then related to the effective shear strain of the structural silicone and the drift capacity of the system. This paper describes the concepts and results of the kinematic equations developed.
Barriers to and opportunities for advanced passive cooling in sub-tropical climates

The article explores the use of advanced passive cooling in the context of complex non-domestic buildings. Passive cooling involves a number of strategies and when one or more of these strategies are combined they create a more advanced form of passive cooling. In tropical and sub-tropical climates it is possible to use multiple passive strategies in combination to accommodate complex heat load issues with non-domestic buildings in maintaining thermal comfort and energy efficiency. A case study is used to redefine this concept and to explore the energy and comfort implications.
25-kW/50-kHz generator for induction heating

The authors present the features, technology, and construction of a transistorized generator for induction heating operating over the 4-50 kHz frequency range. This type of 25 kW output-power generator allows replacement of the electronic tube generators for most of their applications. The advantages of this new generator are more energy efficiency, extended life, reduced size, separated heating station of the generator, and connection by flexible cable. In addition, the generator has incorporated a frequency automatic tracking system that allows operating without any adjustments over a wide frequency range. >
New speaker recognition feature using correlation dimension

The authors propose a correlation dimension as a new feature vector of a speaker verification system among the persons whose voices are much the same as each other. Since the speech production mechanism is nonlinear, the ambiguity of speech utterance can be regarded as a chaotic property. For speakers whose voices appear to be nearly identical, using their vowel sound /i/ which is more chaotic than /a/, /e/, /o/, or /u/ (in Korean), the authors carry out speaker verification experiments and analyze the efficiency of speaker verification with CHMM (continuous hidden Markov model), formant and correlation dimension.
The Myosin Myocardial Mesh Interpreted as a Biological Analogous of Nematic Chiral Liquid Crystals

There are still grey areas in the understanding of the myoarchitecture of the ventricular mass. This is despite the progress of investigation methods since the beginning of the 21st century (diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, microcomputed tomography, and polarised light imaging). The objective of this article is to highlight the specificities and the limitations of polarised light imaging (PLI) of the unstained myocardium embedded in methyl methacrylate (MMA). Thus, to better differentiate our method from other PLI modes, we will refer to it by the acronym PLI-MMA. PLI-MMA shows that the myosin mesh of the compact left ventricular wall behaves like a biological analogous of a nematic chiral liquid crystal. Results obtained by PLI-MMA are: the main direction of the myosin molecules contained in an imaged voxel, the crystal liquid director n, and a regional isotropy index RI that is an orientation tensor, the equivalent of the crystal liquid order parameter. The vector n is collinear with the first eigenvector of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI-MRI). The RI has not been confounded with the diffusion tensor of DTI that gives information about the three eigenvectors of the ellipsoid of diffusion. PLI-MMA gives no information about the collagen network. The physics of soft matter has allowed the revisiting of Streeter’s conjecture on the myoarchitecture of the compact left ventricular wall: “geodesics on a nested set of toroidal surfaces”. Once the torus topology is understood, this characterisation of the myoarchitecture is more accurate and parsimonious than former descriptions. Finally, this article aims to be an enthusiastic invitation to a transdisciplinary approach between physicists of liquid crystals, anatomists, and specialists of imaging.
Yield improvement of a large area magnetic field sensor array design using redundancy schemes

Design of a Large Area Magnetic Field Sensor Array (LAMSA) using redundancy schemes concurrently with the laser link technology for fault repairs is presented. Experimental results obtained on a laser restructurable subarray of three magnetic field sensor cells are shown. An experimental yield measurement method to determine parameters of two yield detractors is described. These parameters obtained from regular sized VLSI chips are used to predict the yield of larger sensor array designs implemented with redundancy.
Weighted space-time trellis codes

In existing space-time trellis codes (STTCs), the transmit power is equally distributed across all transmit antennas. However, this power allocation strategy is not optimum regarding the error performance. A new scheme is proposed, referred to as the weighted space-time trellis codes with dynamic transmit power allocation (WSTTCs/DTPA). Compared with the general open-loop STTCs, WSTTCs/DTPA have better performance and achieve a full diversity order regardless of STTCs adopted at the transmitter.
The effect of acceleration techniques on product development time

Bringing new products to the marketplace faster has become a strategic imperative in many markets, especially high technology industries. Much attention has focused on techniques purported to bring products to the market more quickly, but little empirical research has been conducted to validate these techniques. This study tests the relationship between the popular time to market acceleration techniques and product development time in a sample of electronics companies. Our findings suggest that only four of the 12 techniques we studied are significantly related with development time performance as proposed. We found that fast developers had teams that were cross functional, dedicated, included fast time to market as a development goal, and overlapped development activities more so than slow developers. Our regression results were very significant, and accounted for 32% of the variance in development time performance. We concluded, however, given many of techniques were not supported that successful fast cycle development can not be accomplished by using a sporadic combination of factors. Furthermore, we feel additional research is needed to explore the interaction and mediating effects of these techniques upon each other, as well as identify other intermediate processes and external conditions that may also affect product development effectiveness.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Origanum vulgare L. and Origanum Majorana L. Ethanolic Extracts in Vitro

Background: Many plants possess therapeutic properties against infectious and non-infectious diseases, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Plants may have immunomodulatory properties, too. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects and toxic properties of ethanolic extract from the Lamiaceae family on macrophage, lymphocyte, and B Cell Leukemia (BCL-1) in vitro. Materials and Methods: Plant samples were purchased, and the ethanolic extract from their leaves was prepared by dissolving them in ethanol (maceration) for 48 hours. The obtained ethanolic extract was dried at room temperature. The normal lymphocytes and macrophages extracted from BALB/c mice and BCL-1 were cultured with different concentrations of the extracts for 24 hours. MTT assay was performed to evaluate proliferation, and Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH)-based cytotoxicity was measured. Results: We found that ethanolic extracts at a concentration of 1 mg/mL significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation (47% by Origanum vulgare and 95% by Origanum majorana compared to the control group). Also, the activity of macrophages increased 35% after O. vulgare administration and 23% after O. majorana administration at a dose of 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, LDH results prove that O. vulgare and O. majorana (1 mg/mL) had no toxic effect on normal lymphocytes and macrophages. The finding of the MTT assay showed that extracts of O. vulgare (with IC50 of 1.04 mg/mL) and O. majorana (with IC50 of 1.6 mg/mL) could significantly suppress the growth of BCL-1. Conclusion: The O. vulgare and O. majorana extract with immunomodulatory effects increased the proliferation and activities of lymphocytes and macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the tested extracts were showed significant anticancer activity.
Experimental and numerical study of the flight of geese

Abstract The flight of barnacle geese at airspeeds representing high-speed migrating flight is investigated using experiments and simulations. The experimental part of the work involved the filming of three barnacle geese (Branta Leucopsis) flying at different airspeeds in a wind tunnel. The video footage was analysed in order to extract the wing kinematics. Additional information, such as wing geometry and camber was obtained from a 3D scan of a dried wing. An unsteady vortex lattice method was used to simulate the aerodynamics of the measured flapping motion. The simulations were used in order to successfully reproduce the measured body motion and thus obtain estimates of the aerodynamic forces acting on the wings. It was found that the mean of the wing pitch angle variation with time has the most significant effect on lift while the difference in the durations of the upstroke and downstroke has the major effect on thrust. The power consumed by the aerodynamic forces was also estimated; it was found that increases in aerodynamic power correspond very closely to climbing motion and vice versa. Root-mean-square values of the power range from 100W to 240W. Finally, it was observed that tandem flying can be very expensive for the trailing bird.
Lithographic exposure latitude aware source and mask optimization

Source and mask optimization (SMO) technology is an increasingly important resolution enhancement technology (RET) that can optimize the source and mask. Various SMO methods have made great progress in terms of computational efficiency and pattern fidelity. Besides, process window (PW) is also an important indicator to evaluate the performance of lithography imaging. PW consists of exposure latitude (EL) and depth of focus (DOF). However, currently, there are few SMO methods that can directly improve EL. In this paper, we propose an EL aware SMO (ELASMO) method by innovating a new penalty function for improving the exposure latitude. Compared to the conventional SMO, the proposed ELASMO can significantly enhance aerial image contrast and enlarge the exposure latitude from 5% to 11% under the premise of ensuring imaging fidelity. ELASMO achieves high-fidelity lithography in a larger process window.
Fixture performance improvement by an accelerated integral method of fixture layout and clamping force plan

Deformation under external and clamping forces is an important factor affecting fixture performance. To reduce the deformation of the workpiece–fixture system and improve the performance of the fixture, an optimisation method for the fixture layout and clamping force plan is constructed in this article. First, the workpiece–fixture is illustrated as an elastic–elastic contact model with friction in which the workpiece is modelled by the finite element model, while the fixel can be modelled by either the spring model or finite element model. To accelerate the computing speed of solving the contact problem, a matrix size reducing method for the finite element model stiffness matrix is proposed, utilising less computer memory. Based on the same idea, a clamping force optimisation method considering the friction effect is presented to achieve the optimal clamping force of a special fixture layout within very few finite element model computing processes. Then, based on these, an integral fixture layout and clamping force optimisation algorithm are built by genetic algorithm. At the end of this article, numerical examples are taken to prove the performance of the methods. The results show that the accelerating method yields sufficient performance, and the optimisation algorithms of both the clamping force plan and the fixture layout design achieve favourable convergence.
Metrics and Methods for Evaluation of Over-The-Air Performance of MIMO User Equipment

Commercial User Equipment (UE) testing and certification has become more complex for state-of-the-art mobile communication standards such as 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) due to the extensive use of Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission techniques. The variety of different MIMO operating modes and the almost unlimited choice of possible multipath channel conditions under which UE performance may be evaluated are not accounted for by established Single Input-Single Output (SISO) Over-The-Air (OTA) performance metrics like Total Isotropic Sensitivity (TIS) and Total Radiated Power (TRP). As pointed out in this contribution, meaningful metrics and cost-effective, low-complexity measurement methods can, nevertheless, be derived by focusing on characterization of the physical attributes of UE and by adopting statistical metrics. Starting from a brief review of the most important MIMO operating modes in the 3GPP LTE standard, the relation between UE properties and UE performance, which is observed in these operating modes, is discussed. Two complementary metrics and corresponding measurement procedures for evaluation of MIMO OTA performance are presented in order to address the diversity of possible propagation scenarios. Measurement results from preliminary implementations of the two proposed measurement procedures, including comparison between different LTE devices, are presented.