Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mikroskopische Prozesse bei der Wechselwirkung von Festkörpern mit Laserpulsen im Subpikosekundenbereich

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit sind die durch die Wechselwirkung eines Festkorpers mit einem ultrakurzen Laserpuls auf Zeitskalen von Femtosekunden bis Pikosekunden im Material stattfindenden mikroskopischen Prozesse. Betrachtet wird die Absorption des Laserlichtes durch inverse Bremsstrahlung, Stosprozesse der freien Elektronen untereinander und mit dem Gitter sowie fur die Beschreibung von Isolatoren auch Ionisationsprozesse. Es wird gezeigt, das die Temperaturabhangigkeit dieser Stosprozesse fur die Beschreibung der Warmeleitung wichtig werden kann. Der Hauptteil der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht in der Modellierung des zeitlichen Verhaltens des Elektronengases bei Laseranregung, Thermalisierung und Relaxation. Es werden Boltzmann'sche Stosterme aufgestellt, die frei von phanomenologischen Parametern sind, so das die Beschreibung auch fur ein stark im Nicht-Gleichgewicht befindliches Elektronengas anwendbar ist. Die Ergebnisse zeigen fur Metalle am Beispiel von Aluminium, das insbesondere bei kurzen Pulsdauern und schwachen Anregungen die Elektron-Phonon Kopplung und damit die Energieabgabe an das Gitter nach dem Laserpuls aufgrund des nicht-thermalisierten Elektronengases verzogert ist. Bei starkeren Anregungen, die zur Schadigung des Materials fuhren konnen, ist dagegen das Zwei-Temperatur Modell anwendbar. Es wird eine Thermalisierungszeit des Elektronengases ermittelt, die bis zu etwa 500 fs betragen kann. Zur Beschreibung von Isolatoren wird das Modell durch zwei Stosterme fur die Ionisierung von Valenzelektronen erweitert. Die Multiphoton-/Tunnelionisation wird bei Pulsen im Femtosekundenbereich als entscheidender Ionisationsprozess identifiziert. Die Stosionisation liefert dagegen einen vergleichsweise geringen Beitrag und ist bei Pulsdauern im Femtosekundenbereich nicht durch eine einfache Ratengleichung beschreibbar. Die Abschatzung von Schadensschwellen fur SiO2 ist in guter Ubereinstimmung mit experimentellen Ergebnissen.
The relationship between non-HDL cholesterol and coronary collateral circulation

Objective Non high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non HDL-C) covers all aterojenic lipoproteins and correlates with C reactive protein (CRP) which is reliable marker of inflammation. CRP is related to poor angiographic coronary collateral circulation (CCC). We aimed to show whether non HDL-C is associated with CCC.Methods Patients who underwent coronary angiography for stable coronary artery disease and at least one epicardial coronary artery occluded in the proximal or middle region were included in the study. Accrording to the Rentrop scoring system Rentrop 0 and 1 were considered to be poor CCC, and Rentrop 2 and 3 were considered to be good CCC. Non-HDL-C was calculated by subtracting HDL-C from total cholesterol (TC). Results 84 patients were included in the study. While 44 patients (52%) had good CCC, 40 patients (48%) had poor CCC. TC was found to be higher in the poor CCC group than in the good CCC group (224.3 ± 35.6 vs 179.2 ± 25.5 p = 0.000). HDL-C levels were found to be lower in the poor CCC group than in the good CCC group (37.3 ± 9.8 vs 44.1 ± 8.6 p = 0.001). Non-HDL-C cholesterol levels were higher in the group with poor CCC (185.7 ± 39.2 vs 132.8 ± 28.1 p = 0.000). CRP levels were found to be higher in the poor CCC group (3.73 ± 2.5 vs 1.67 ± 1.4 p = 0,000). Conclusion Non-HDL-C is independent predictors of poor CCC.
Novel super-resolution optical microscopy methods for single-molecule biophysics

Super-resolution microscopy is a relatively new and rapidly growing field. Development has been largely technology-driven, with high power lasers, higher resolution CCD cameras, and increasing computing power all enabling new biological questions to be explored. Single-molecule imaging is the tool of choice for studying systems where heterogeneity is present; ensemble methods can average away the interesting behaviour and lead to false conclusions. This thesis develops and optimises bespoke fluorescence microscopy for application to three biological questions, each pushing a limit of super-resolution imaging. Super-resolution imaging of lambda DNA labelled with the intercalating dye YOYO-1 and the minor groove binder SYTO-13 at localisation precisions of 40nm and 62nm respectively has been achieved in preparation for combined fluorescence imaging and magneto-optical tweezers experiments. The combination of these two methods is challenging as both operate with low tolerances. \ Single-molecule tracking was used to measure the diffusion coefficients of the chemokines CXCL13 and CCL19 at extremely high temporal resolution. Single-molecule imaging was found to have advantages over the ensemble techniques of FRAP and FCS for measuring the diffusion coefficient of the test molecule; Alexa Fluor 647 labelled bovine serum albumin. The diffusion coefficients of the two chemokines, CXCL13 and CCL19 were found by single particle tracking at sub-millisecond timescales in a collagen matrix to be 6.2±0. 3µm2s-1 and 8.4±0. 2µm2s-1. Further, CXCL13 was tracked in B cell follicle regions of ex vivo lymph node tissue sections at ~2 millisecond timescales, giving a diffusion coefficient of 6.6±0. 4µm2s-1. \ Fluorescence microscopy was used to elucidate the stoichiometry of YOYO-1 on DNA origami tiles after treatment with low temperature plasma. Undamaged tiles were found to have a mean stoichiometry of 67.4±25.2 YOYO-1 molecules and a model of LTP damage to DNA origami tiles was proposed.
Chili Plant Classification using Transfer Learning models through Object Detection

This study presents an application of using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based detector to detect chili and its leaves in the chili plant image. Detecting chili on its plant is essential for the development of robotic vision and monitoring. Thus, helps us supervise the plant growth, furthermore, analyses their productivity and quality. This paper aims to develop a system that can monitor and identify bird’s eye chili plants by implementing machine learning. First, the development of methodology for efficient detection of bird’s eye chili and its leaf was made. A dataset of a total of 1866 images after augmentation of bird’s eye chili and its leaf was used in this experiment. YOLO Darknet was implemented to train the dataset. After a series of experiments were conducted, the model is compared with other transfer learning models like YOLO Tiny, Faster R-CNN, and EfficientDet. The classification performance of these transfer learning models has been calculated and compared with each other. The experimental result shows that the Yolov4 Darknet model achieves mAP of 75.69%, followed by EfficientDet at 71.85% for augmented dataset.
Design of a High-Efficiency GaN High-Electron Mobility Transistor Microwave Power Amplifier

This study presents a design procedure to obtain high-efficiency for microwave power amplifier. The designed amplifier uses a GaN high electron mobility transistor as an active device. Matching networks including input and output networks are realized using Megtron6 substrate microstrip lines. The designed amplifier operates at 2.1 GHz band. The simulated results show that the amplifier delivers a maximum power-added efficiency of 73.2% at output power and power gain of 47.8 dBm and 13.8 dB, respectively. This promising designed performance makes this amplifier to be an excellent candidate for use in modern wireless communication systems like radar, mobile network, and satellite communications.
Assessment of In-vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cynodon Dactylon and Acyclovir Showing Synergistic Effect by Albumin Denaturation and Membrane Stabilization Assay

The present research was carried out the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory property of methanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon and Acyclovir as individual and in combination by two different methods viz., Albumin denaturation assay and Membrane stabilization assay. Ten different concentration of Cynodon dactylon methanolic extract and Acyclovir solution (100, 200, 300, 400,500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000mg) were using in these studies. Antiinflammatory action was observed in dose dependent manner. In protein denaturation method at concentration of 1000ppm extract showed maximum protection (82.46%) and standard drug provided (73.23%) protection where as concentration of 500ppm acyclovir showed maximum protection (28.94%). The combination of both i.eat 1000ppm of extract and 500ppm of acyclovir showed maximum protection at the ratio of 80:20 (84.76%). Similarly, in membrane stabilization test, the selected extract at concentration of 1000ppm showed maximum membrane stabilization (89.1%) and standard drug provided (78.44%) protection, acyclovir showed maximum protection at concentration of 500ppm (28.62%). The combination of both i.e. at 1000ppm of extract and 500ppm of acyclovir showed maximum protection at the ratio of 80:20 (91.49%). Hence, from these results, we concluded that methanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon methanolic extract and acyclovir shows synergistic effect at different concentration when compared to standard NSAID drug (Diclofenac sodium). In addition, phytochemical analysis of Cynodon dactylon methanolic extract showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, phytosterol etc. It reveals that these phytochemical constituents are responsible to maximum protection of protein denaturation and albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization assay.
Direct 3D Printing of Catalytically Active Structures

3D printing of materials with active functional groups can provide custom-designed structures that promote chemical conversions. Herein, catalytically active architectures were produced by photopolymerizing bifunctional molecules using a commercial stereolithographic 3D printer. Functionalities in the monomers included a polymerizable vinyl group to assemble the 3D structures and a secondary group to provide them with active sites. The 3D-printed architectures containing accessible carboxylic acid, amine, and copper carboxylate functionalities were catalytically active for the Mannich, aldol, and Huisgen cycloaddition reactions, respectively. The functional groups in the 3D-printed structures were also amenable to postprinting chemical modification. As proof of principle, chemically active cuvette adaptors were 3D printed and used to measure in situ the kinetics of a heterogeneously catalyzed Mannich reaction in a conventional solution spectrophotometer. In addition, 3D-printed millifluidic devices with c.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF 7-(2-((SUBSTITUTED PHENYL) IMINO)-2-PHENYLETHOXY)-4-METHYL-2H-CHROMEN-2-ONES AS ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS

In the context of the dangerous phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance to the available drugs, we present here the synthesis and evaluation of 7-(2-((substituted phenyl) imino)-2-phenylethoxy)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-ones as antifungal agents. Among the compounds, SB-4 was found to be most potent against Candida albicans when compared with the reference drugs Clotrimazole and Terbinafine. The molecular properties of the newly target compounds were performed by online software, and results showed good drug-like properties. The results showed target compounds further optimized as lead compounds as anti-Candida potential.
Comparison of peri-implant marginal bone level changes between tapered and straight implant designs: 5-year follow-up results

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare straight and tapered implant designs in terms of marginal bone loss, the modified plaque index (mPI), and the modified bleeding index (mBI) for 5 years after functional loading. Methods Twelve patients were recruited. Two types of implants were placed adjacent to each other: 1 straight implant and 1 tapered implant. Marginal bone loss, mPI, and mBI were measured every year for 5 years after loading. Results The straight implants showed 0.2±0.4 mm of marginal bone loss at 5 years after loading, while the tapered implants showed 0.2±0.3 mm of marginal bone loss; this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.833). Our analysis also showed no statistically significant differences in mPI (straight implants: 0.3±0.3 vs. tapered implants: 0.2±0.3; P=0.414) or in mBI (straight implants: 0.3±0.4 vs. tapered implants: 0.2±0.3; P=0.317) at 5 years after prosthesis delivery. Conclusions Straight and tapered implants showed no significant differences with respect to marginal bone loss, mPI, and mBI for 5 years after loading.
Evolution of surface deformation related to salt-extraction-caused sinkholes in Solotvyno (Ukraine) revealed by Sentinel-1 radar interferometry

Abstract. Rock salt has remarkable mechanical properties and high economic importance; however, the strength of salt compared to other rocks makes it a rather vulnerable material. Human activities could lead to acceleration of the dissolution of soluble rock salt and collapse of subsurface caverns. Although sinkhole development can be considered a local geological disaster regarding the characteristic size of surface depressions, the deformations can result in catastrophic events. In this study we report the spatiotemporal evolution of surface deformation in the Solotvyno salt mine area in Ukraine based on Sentinel-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar measurements. Although the mining operations were finished in 2010, several sinkholes have been opened up since then. Our results show that despite the enormous risk management efforts, the sinkholes continue to expand with a maximum line-of-sight deformation rate of 5 cm/yr. The deformation time series show a rather linear feature, and unfortunately no slowdown of the processes can be recognized based on the investigated 4.5-year-long data set. We utilized both ascending and descending satellite passes to discriminate the horizontal and vertical deformations, and our results revealed that vertical deformation is much more pronounced in the area. Analytical source modeling confirmed that the complex deformation pattern observed by Sentinel-1 radar interferometry has a direct connection to the former mining activity and is confined to the mining territory. With the 6 d repetition time of Sentinel-1 observations, the evolution of surface changes can be detected in quasi real time, which can facilitate disaster response and recovery.
Investigating particle emissions and aerosol dynamics from a consumer fused deposition modeling 3D printer with a lognormal moment aerosol model

ABSTRACT Particle emissions from consumer-fused deposition modeling 3D printers have been reported previously; however, the complex processes leading to observed aerosols have not been investigated. We measured particle concentrations and size distributions between 7 nm and 25 μm emitted from a 3D printer under different conditions in an emission test chamber. The experimental data was combined with a moment lognormal aerosol dynamic model to better understand particle formation and subsequent evolution mechanisms. The model was based on particles being formed from nucleation of unknown semivolatile compounds emitted from the heated filament during printing, which evolve due to condensation of emitted vapors and coagulation, all within a small volume near the printer extruder nozzle. The model captured observed steady state particle number size distribution parameters (total number, geometric mean diameter and geometric standard deviation) with errors nominally within 20%. Model solutions provided a range of vapor generation rates, saturation vapor pressures and vapor condensation factors consistent with measured steady state particle concentrations and size distributions. Vapor generation rate was a crucial factor that was linked to printer extruder temperature and largely accounted for differences between filament material and brands. For the unknown condensing vapor species, saturation vapor pressures were in the range of 10−3 to 10−1 Pa. The model suggests particles could be removed by design of collection surfaces near the extruder tip. Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of some (E)-N-(4-substitutedbenzylidene)-4-fluorobenzenesulfonamides

In the present study, six numbers of Schiff bases (1-6) have been synthesized by the condensation of 4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide and substituted aromatic aldehyde. The purities of these Schiff bases have been checked by their physical constants, IR, H NMR, and CNMR spectral data. The antimicrobial activities of these Schiff bases have been evaluated using Bauer-Kirby method.
Performance evaluation of the cost-effective and lightweight Alphasense optical particle counter for use onboard unmanned aerial vehicles

ABSTRACT Air quality monitoring using airborne platforms is rapidly gaining ground as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming easier, less expensive, and safer to operate on a routine basis. To facilitate measurements of key atmospheric properties, however, efforts are still required in developing/testing miniaturized instruments for use onboard UAVs. Here, we test two commercially available cost-effective/lightweight optical particle counters (OPCs; Alphasense Model N2) capable of measuring the size distributions of airborne particles having diameters from 380 nm to 17 μm. Tests were made against a reference and recently calibrated OPC (Grimm Model 1.109) using monodisperse polystyrene spheres. All instruments were placed in a chamber in which the temperature and pressure varied in the ranges of −5 to 23°C and 0.7 to 1.0 atm, respectively; conditions typically encountered during UAV flights. Agreement in the particle number concentrations measured by the Alphasense and the Grimm OPCs was within 40%, under all experimental conditions used in this work, when particles having sizes >1 μm were employed during the tests. Deviations higher than 50%, however, were observed when the instruments were tested with 1.0- and 0.8-μm polysterene spheres. The particle sizes reported by both Alphasense OPCs were within ± 5% with respect to the nominal polysterene spheres’ size under all operating pressures and temperatures down to 5°C. At lower temperatures, the sizing accuracy of one of the two Alphasense OPCs degraded significantly. While our findings support that the Alphasense OPCs can be used at low temperature/pressure conditions, they should be carefully tested prior the measurements to ensure good performance. Copyright © 2018 The Authors
Oil Price Shocks and Sectoral Stocks Behaviour in Nigeria: How Relevant is Asymmetry and Structural Breaks?

In this paper, we model the relationship between oil price and stock returns for selected sectors in Nigeria using monthly data from January 2007 to December 2016. We employ both the Linear (Symmetric) ARDL by Pesaran et al. (2001) and Nonlinear (Asymmetric) ARDL by Shin et al. (2014) and we also account for structural breaks using the Bai and Perron (2003) test that allows for multiple structural changes in regression models. Our results indicate that the strength of this relationship varies across sectors, albeit asymmetric and breaks. We identify two structural breaks that occur in 2008 and 2010/2011 which coincidentally correspond to the global financial crisis and the Arab spring (Libyan shut-downs), respectively.Moreover, we observe strong supportfor asymmetry and structural breaks for some sectorsin the reaction of sector returns to movement in oil prices.These findings are robust and insensitive when considering different oil proxy.While further extensions can be pursued, the consideration of asymmetric effects as well as structural breaks should not be jettisoned when modelling this nexus.JEL codes: C22; C51; G12; Q43
Moisture sorption characteristics of extrusion-cooked starch protective loose-fill cushioning foams

Abstract The aim of this work was to determine the water vapour sorption properties of thermoplastic starch filling foams processed by extrusion-cooking technique from various combinations of potato starch and two foaming agents: poly(vinyl) alcohol and Plastronfoam, in amount of 1, 2 and 3% each. Foams were processed with the single screw extruder-cooker at two different screw rotational speeds 100 and 130 r.p.m. The sorption isotherms of samples were determined and described using the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer model. Also, the kinetics of water vapour adsorption by foams, as a function of time, was measured and fitted with Peleg model. On the basis of the analysis the influence of the applied foaming agents, as well as the technological parameters of extrusion-cooking process in relation to water vapour adsorption by thermoplastic starch foams was demonstrated. There was no difference between the shapes of the isotherms for poly(vinyl) alcohol foams while for Plastronfoam foams a notable difference among foams extruded at 100 r.p.m. was observed in the regions of low and high humidity content. The analysis of the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer model parameters showed that the water molecules were less strongly bound with the foam surface when extruded at a lower screw speed.
Idenfication of a novel signature based on mTORC1 pathway for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background mTORC1 signal pathway play a role in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but no relevant gene signature was developed. This research aimed to explore the potential correlation between mTORC1 signal pathway and HCC and establish the related genes signature. Methods HCC cases were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The genes to be included in mTORC1-assiociated signature were selected by performing univariate, multivariate Cox regression analysis and lasso regression analysis. Then, the signature was verified by survival analysis and multiple receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Furthermore, a nomogram was established and evaluated by C-index, calibration plot and ROC curve. Results The signature was established with the six genes ( ETF1, GSR, SKAP2, HSPD1, CACYBP and PNP ). Under the grouping from signature, patients in the high- risk group showed worse survival than those in the low-risk group in both three datasets. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that mTORC1 related signature can be the potential independent prognostic factor in HCC. Conclusion The mTORC1 associated gene signature established and validated in our research could be used as a potential prognostic factor in HCC.