Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Homomorphic Encryption for Security in Cloud

The Adoption of Digitization of data in large scale and change in requirements of the different organization to serve the different stakeholder. So, there is a need to compute, store and analyze large amount of data in remote server efficiently providing security to the data involves network security, strategies of control and access to the service, storage of data . the smart computations of cloud computing and big data is highly appreciated today. fully homomorphic encryption(FHE) is a best type of encryption schemes that allows working with the data in its encrypted from this paper aims introduce an efficient and verifiable FHE based on a new mathematic structure the is noise free this paper discuss the different homomorphic encryption schemes and their applications on various domains
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens: Challenges in No Antibiotics Ever Broiler Production and Potential Solutions

United States is the largest producer and the second largest exporter of broiler meat in the world. In the US, broiler production is largely converting to antibiotic-free programs which has caused an increase in morbidity and mortality within broiler farms. Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens are two important pathogenic bacteria readily found in the broiler environment and result in annual billion-dollar losses from colibacillosis, gangrenous dermatitis, and necrotic enteritis. The broiler industry is in search of non-antibiotic alternatives including novel vaccines, prebiotics, probiotics, and housing management strategies to mitigate production losses due to these diseases. This review provides an overview of the broiler industry and antibiotic free production, current challenges, and emerging research on antibiotic alternatives to reduce pathogenic microbial presence and improve bird health.
The Case of the Danish Coastline

Tourism development at coastlines varies significantly across the globe; from areas where hotels and resorts crowd the coastlines to highly protected areas with restricted access. During the past 80 years, the coastlines in Denmark have been heavily protected from development and construction. However, in 2014 the Danish politicians opened up for softer regulation at the Danish coastline and invited municipalities and other actors to propose tourism development projects within this coastal zone. In the call for development projects, it was explicated that the projects should be sustainable. By comparing the approved projects to academic discourses of sustainability, this paper provides new perspectives on how sustainable tourism development was enacted by Danish tourism actors. The findings suggest that tourism actors do not necessarily take into consideration a holistic approach to sustainable tourism development. Longer-term perspectives are not emphasized whereas shorter-term economic effects and benefits are central to the discourse. The study also indicates a lack of political leadership in the envisaged transfer towards sustainable tourism development.
Primary osseointegration analysis of Bionnovation implant system

In this retrospective study, the rate of success and failure in the primary osseointegration process of the Bionnovation Biomedical implant system was clinically evaluated. All the implants were inserted by the graduate students of the Implantology Specialization Course at Unopar (Universidade Norte do Paraná) according to the surgical protocols preconized for osseointegration. The success or failure of the primary osseointegration was evaluated during implant exposure for healing abutment implants, in which lack of mobility and pain were evaluated. A total of 173 implants placed in 68 patients (43 women and 25 men) were analyzed. The result showed that the primary osseointegration obtained was 95.4% (165 implants) against only 4.6% of failure (eight implants). In men, the general success rate was 87.3% while in women this same rate increased to 99.2%. With respect to immediate loading, 31 implants were immediately loaded and five of these failed, resulting in a success rate of 83.9%. Clustering of five failures in only one patient showed the need for improvement in previous diagnosis in patients more susceptible to implant loss. If this patient had been identified, the overall rate of failure would have decreased to 1.7%, and the success rate for immediate loading cases could reach 100%. These results are in agreement with those obtained in similar studies.
STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Citrullus lanatus PEELS

Citrullus lanatus is one of many species that are categorized under the genus Citrullus, which originates from Family Cucurbitaceae, the gourd family. It has been scientifically proven that many members of this family possessed pharmaceutical and medicinal values such as Cucurbit pepo (pumpkin), Citrullus colocynthis (bitter cucumber) and Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) is one of them. The aim of this study is to determine its phytochemical constituents and potential antimicrobial activity of C. lanatus, particularly in its peels. The peels were put under sequential extraction process involving two types of solvents, namely, methanol and hexane. Citrullus lanatus extracts were then evaluated in terms of its phytochemical constituents, by six qualitative phytochemical screening tests. In assessing C. lanatus potential antimicrobial activity, the peels extract were tested on two types of microorganisms, which are Staphylococcus epidermidis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes by using diskdiffusion method. For both solvents used, phytochemical screening tests verified the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin and terpenoid, except for phenolic compounds in the fruit peels. Result of antimicrobial activity revealed that C. lanatus peels extract impeded growth to both tested microorganisms. In conclusion, present study suggested that C. lanatus can be further developed to utilize its medicinal and pharmaceutical values.
Prevalence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Introduction: Diabetes is a known cause of, disability, morbidity, premature death and increased health-system costs. Previous research has shown that there is high prevalence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes as compared to people without diabetes but there is a lack of data for Pakistan. Objective: To determine the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults with type 2 diabetes and without diabetes. Methods: A questionnaire-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at AIMS Sugar Hospital, Hayatabad, Peshawar, Pakistan, 2018-2019. We used Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale for data collection, on a consecutive sample of patients. Results: A total of 1157 subjects were interviewed face to face, to fill PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires in Pashto (locally spoken language). More than three quarters (77%) of the study population had known type 2 diabetes and 23% (264) were healthy individuals. Of the 1157 subjects, 893 (55%) were males and 264 (45%) were females. The mean (S.D.) age of study participants was 46.2 ± 14.1years (range 25-74 years). Both, PHQ- 9 and GAD-7 score, showed high prevalence of mild (34% vs. 12%, moderate (17% vs. 5%) and moderately severe/severe (8% vs. 5%) depression, symptoms and mild (25% vs. 13%), moderate (19% vs. 6%) and severe (8.6% vs. 4.5%) anxiety symptoms in diabetes group as compared to control group. We found that females in diabetes group were more likely to have depressive symptoms as compared to male patients (p50 years of age) was not associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms as compared to younger age (<50 years of age) in both control and diabetes group (P=0.3181and P=0.431, respectively,). Similarly, we did not find any statistical association between duration of diabetes and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms (P=0.561). Conclusion: High prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were reported by patient with diabetes and female gender was more affected than males. The psychosocial wellbeing of patient with diabetes should be taken into consideration during their consultation and need regular monitoring of depressive illness and anxiety disorder in primary healthcare settings in Pakistan
Multi-parametric Earthquake Forecasting the New Madrid From Electromagnetic Coupling between Solar Corona and Earth System Precursors

Forecasting large earthquakes M ≥ 6.0 with satellite monitoring and Radio Direction Finding techniques of Electro-Magnetic (EM) precursors associated with earthquakes are possible. International Earthquake and Volcano Prediction Center (www.ievpc.org) consider phenomena driving earthquakes within a framework of strong solar EM coupling with the entire Earth system, through EM induction driving ionosphere-airearth currents. Catastrophic earthquakes have repeatedly stricken the New Madrid Seismic Zone during the last 4 major solar hibernation cycles since 1400 AD. Research suggests another cycle of strong magnitude 6.0 to 8.0 earthquakes in the New Madrid region during the upcoming (~2021-2057), solar minimum period. The 1811–12 earthquakes, occurred in the midst of Dalton Solar Minimum (1793-1830), causing many types of ground failures including lateral spreading and ground subsidence by soil liquefaction across the Mississippi River flood plain and tributaries over 15,000km. Studies by USGS and damage assessments by FEMA estimate damages to infrastructure approaching $600 billion. Common denominators between seismic precursors associated with a solar EM driver are found by analyzing data on ionization phenomena in areas under tectonic stress such as: Outgoing Long-wave Radiation (OLR); Total Electron Content (TEC); atmospheric effects, such as Jet Stream and other meteorological phenomena related to earthquake clouds and lights.
Observations on the reproduction and development of Pisaster ochraceus (Brandt)

Pisaster ochraceus was investigated as a potential source of embryonic material for molecular studies. Minimal conditions for laboratory maintenance of gravid sea stars and a method for induction of spawning are described. Data on oocyte size, yield, and fertilizability are presented as well as a timetable of normal development to bipinnaria larvae and measures of developmental synchrony.
Home language and societal language skills in second-generation bilingual adults

Aims: Research aims were (a) to test competing predictions regarding the levels of heritage and societal language proficiency among young adults who experienced early exposure to both languages, and (b) to identify sources of individual differences in degree of bilingualism. Design/methodology/approach: Participants comprised 65 Spanish–English bilinguals who reported using both languages on a weekly basis, 25 native English monolinguals, and 25 native Spanish monolinguals. Language and literacy skills were assessed with a battery of standardized and research-based assessments. Degree of bilingualism was calculated for the bilingual participants. Data and analysis: Paired sample t-tests compared the bilinguals’ skills in English to their skills in Spanish. Hierarchical regression evaluated factors related to their degree of bilingualism. Independent sample t-tests compared bilinguals’ single-language skills to monolinguals. Findings/conclusions: The bilinguals’ English skills were stronger than their Spanish skills on every measure. Thus, degree of bilingualism was largely a function of level of Spanish skill and was associated with concurrent Spanish exposure. Bilinguals’ English skills were not different from the monolinguals except in speed of lexical access. The bilinguals’ Spanish skills were significantly lower than the Spanish monolinguals on every measure except in accuracy judgments for grammatically correct sentences. Originality: Previous studies of bilingual adults have focused on sequential bilinguals and previous studies of heritage language speakers have focused on their grammatical skills. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to assess a wide range of functionally relevant skills in adults with early exposure to a heritage and societal language. Significance/implications: These findings demonstrate that early exposure to and continued use of a home language does not interfere with the achievement of societal language and literacy skills, while also demonstrating that even a widely and frequently used home language may not be acquired to the same skill level as a societal language used in school.
Studies on mechanical, thermal and tribological properties of carbon fibre-reinforced boron nitride-filled epoxy composites

This research focuses on the static mechanical, thermal and tribological properties of carbon fibre epoxy (CF/Ep) composites filled with boron nitride (BN) micro-filler powder (BN-CF/Ep). The mechanical properties studied were tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear strength and hardness. The thermal properties studied were dynamic mechanical and thermogravimetric analyses which were analysed through dynamic mechanical analyser and thermogravimetric analyser, respectively. The curing ability and dispersion of BN filler in the Ep and composites were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy. The tribological properties focused were three-body abrasion and dry sliding friction and wear conduct. Three-body abrasion tests were studied with silica sand of 212 µm particle size, 30 N load, 2.38 m s−1 sliding velocity and variable abrasive distances of 250 m, 500 m, 750 m and 1000 m. The dry sliding wear tests were performed using pin-on-disc (POD) wear experimental set-up with 60 N load, 3 m s−1 sliding velocity and variable sliding distances of 1000 m, 2000 m and 3000 m. The results followed the trend of BN1% > BN3% > BN5% composites in all mechanical properties. The carbon fabric reinforcement along with the BN-Ep matrix improved enormously all the mechanical properties except impact resistance. Further, it was exhibited that 1 wt% BN into CF/Ep prompts better mechanical properties with predominant damping capacity and thermal stability. Both the dry sand abrasive wear and POD test outcomes revealed that all BN-CF/Ep composites prompt predominant wear resistance. CF along with BN improves enormously the wear resistance with friction coefficient. Further, it was exhibited that 1 wt% BN into CF/Ep in both three-body abrasive and POD tests prompts better wear resistance. Generally speaking, it was presumed that BN-CF/Ep gracefully and successfully improved the mechanical, thermal and tribological properties and morphology of Ep for various mechanical, electrical components and load-bearing applications used in automotive and engineered applications.
School deserts: Visualizing the death of the neighborhood school

The purported purpose of school choice policies is to increase students’ access to “good schools. ” There is little discussion, however, of where those good schools are located, nor of the ways in which the distribution of good schools mirrors broader patterns of uneven development in the United States. Given that schools are neighborhood assets and that the distance which students travel to get to school affects their success, the locations of schools matter tremendously and are inextricable from questions of social and spatial justice. We introduce and argue for the explicit use of the term “school desert” as a way for scholars to understand and describe the spatial injustice of school closures and for activists to argue the importance of effective local schools. Spatial visualization and rendering of social problems is an invaluable strategy for effecting policy change. As cities move increasingly to a “de-spatialized” geography of schooling where catchment zones are less determinate of where a student attends school, it is important to consider where the desirable schools are and where they are not. A more nuanced visualization of school locations than neighborhood demographics offers a new lens through which to examine the (un)intended effects of school closures on students, communities, and development. Using Pennsylvania as a case study, we use a geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate the broader reverberations of school choice policies and determine who, demographically, has access to high-quality schools. In light of this research, we also propose an innovative analytic and methodology that describes the educational inequity which is caused by spatial relationships between students’ homes and high-quality schooling. Through the concept of a school desert we explore the (un)intended spatial implications of school closures. School deserts occur as a result of school choice policies that justify school closures. Closures and the location of good schools are geographically uneven, tempered by the federal and local policies that ensure income and racial segregation in US housing. Our analysis of Pennsylvania reveals the uneven distribution of access to good schools in the same way that mapping food deserts displays how market forces have failed to evenly distribute quality food. We find that areas with high-quality schools are significantly wealthier and whiter than school deserts, a conclusion which mirrors those concerning other low-quality neighborhood assets. School deserts as a methodology demonstrate that if students do not have geographic access to good schools, then school choice policies do not, in fact, offer choice.
Preparing to be an Interpretive Naturalist: Opinions from the Field

This study documented the varying importance and availability of content and communication skills and certifications for entry-level interpretive naturalists, based on the perceptions of experienced interpreters. A web-based survey was sent to (n=867) interpreters. Responses were received from 308 interpreters. The five most important content skills were field ecology, field ornithology, conservation biology, field botany, and field mammalogy. The five most important communication skills were improvisational skills, understanding how children of different ages learn, ability to read an audience, good voice, and ability to write lesson plans/program outlines. Desired content skills were readily available in applicant pools for entry-level positions, but less so for communication skills. Results suggested general support for the National Association for Interpretation Certified Interpretive Guide and the National Park Service Interpretive Development Program. College professors advising students and persons wishing to enter the field of nature interpretation should make sure they develop the highly ranked skills, plus other less highly ranked skills that will help distinguish them from other applicants.
The Development of Semantic Memories through Interpretation

This study used a phenomenological analysis to investigate the recollections of participants (N=36) of an interpretive program at Lowell National Historic Park. These individuals were interviewed six months following the experience. Four topic areas relating to the participants’ long-term memory of the interpretive program were identified: (a) personal connections with the tour, (b) program information retention, (c) positive visitor responses, and (d) ranger attributes. Results indicated that the personal connections made during the program were influential in creating vivid episodic memories. Some of the responses from the participants went beyond episodic information and could be associated with conceptual thinking associated with semantic memory or knowledge. The findings of this study, along with literature associated with long-term memory research, offer a potential model of learning for interpretation related to episodic/semantic memory systems.
Nontraditional Activities and Interpretation at National Parks: Conflict or Coexistence?

This study examined some nontraditional uses of a national park. During 2003, a survey was conducted to determine the activities and motives of visitors at Cowpens National Battlefield (CNB) in South Carolina. A total of 301 visitor groups completed questionnaires (77.4 percent response rate). A majority of visitors (53 percent) had been to the park two or more times in the past 12 months. About 87 percent stayed one to two hours per visit. Slightly over 40 percent of respondents said that exercise was their primary reason for visitation and nearly 60 percent had participated in fitness activities on previous trips. In contrast, interpretation was mentioned only 18 percent of the time when visitors were asked what they “liked most” about CNB. Although fitness is not resource-dependent, it is consistent with “healthy” activities promoted at national parks. Perhaps interpretation can be used to merge exercise with education, thus broadening the base of support for public lands.
Worker and Community Ownership as an Economic Development Strategy: Innovative Rebirth or Tired Retread of a Failed Idea?

A generation ago, American state and local experiments with worker and community ownership appeared unsuccessful. Does their current revival offer anything new to the field of economic development or is this merely a tired retread of a failed idea? Using historical analysis, case studies, and interview data from three U.S. regions, the author analyzes the current range of initiatives that seek to remove impediments, stimulate development, and provide direct technical and financial support to worker and community-owned enterprises. The author also identifies how these efforts differ from those in the past, with respect to scope, scale, and success orientation. Collectively, these differences suggest a focus on engaging with, rather than escaping from, market-based economic development. Key challenges are also identified: popular education, community capacity, competitive pressure, early-stage financing, and managing political content. While too early to assess outcomes, these differences suggest the possibility of more substantial results than in the past.