Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of Soil pH Measuring Instruments Using pH Meter Sensor Module V1.1 SEN0161 Based on Arduino Uno

It has been successfully made a soil pH measuring instrument using pH meter sensor module V1.1 SEN0161 based Arduino Uno. The pH result is measured through the output of the pH meter sensor output value read by the 16-bit ADC. Measurement results are displayed on a 2x16 LCD. The results of calibration test tools performed against standard measuring instruments obtained regression equation y = 0.0012x - 4.0768 with x is the output of sensor output value with accuracy level includes an average deviation of 0.13 and tool precision value of 97.98%. The results of calibration test tools carried out show the measuring instruments made have a good validity (accuracy and precision).
Modelling the Relationships between Train Commuters’ Access Modes and Traffic Safety

Walking, cycling, and feeder bus/tram for first- and last-mile (FLM) train access are often considered to have better health benefits, lower cost, and less environmental impacts than driving. However, little is known about the road safety impacts of these FLM access modes, particularly at a network level. This paper aims to investigate the impacts of train commuters’ access modes on road safety in Victoria, Australia. Macroscopic analyses of crash outcomes in each zone (i.e., Statistical Area Level 1) were performed using negative binomial (NB) and spatially lagged X negative binomial (SLXNB), accounting for potential indirect effects of mode shares in adjacent zones. This macroscopic analysis approach enabled the consideration of the safety effects across the network. The results showed that the SLXNB models outperformed the NB models. Commuting by train, either with walking or car as FLM access mode, was negatively associated with both total and severe crashes. In addition, commuting by train with feeder bus/tram access mode was negatively associated with severe crashes. Interestingly, commuting by train with cycling access mode was negatively associated with total crashes, with a larger effect when compared to walking and car access modes. Overall, the results suggested promoting active transport as FLM train access mode would lead to an improvement in road safety.
Outpatient allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: a review

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is usually performed in well-equipped units inside a hospital. The cost of this in-hospital transplant is usually very high; therefore, this procedure is more difficult to perform in low- and middle-income countries. Autologous outpatient HSCT is now a common procedure; however, outpatient allogeneic transplants are more complicated. Only a few centers in the world have incorporated outpatient HSCT. This transplant requires special adaptation, like a day hospital, careful selection of patients, oral medications, and the patient must live relatively close to the hospital. The results until now suggest that this outpatient transplant is factible and similar to inpatient HSCT. The objective was to review and describe the different methods and results following an outpatient allogeneic-HSCT strategy.
Feminist NGOs: Building Resilience in Low-income Single Moms

This article discusses risk and protective factors impacting resilience through exploring how and why some mothers were able to achieve positive outcomes (economically, socially, as parents) in spite of adversity. By employing a qualitative research method and participatory action research, data were collected from 20 in-depth individual interviews, 3 focus groups with 18 participants and case profiles from the larger data set. The analysis counters the dominant individualism ideologies, which make the person solely responsible for their situation, and instead, argues that social structures can play important roles in building resilience and capacity. Practices of feminist NGOs reported in this study confirm this. The analysis has implications for changing practices in welfare bureaucracies and supporting feminist and similar NGOs.
Effect of Using Flow Map Towards Mathematical Achievement and Higer Order Thinking Skills among Year Three Students

This study aimed to test the effect of flow charts on math achievement and thinking skills of third year students. A quasi -experimental design of unequal groups was used. A quasi experimental quantitative approach of unequal groups was used in this study. The selection of study participants was done by group random sampling to involve 60 third year students in a national school in Petaling District, Selangor. Respondents were divided into two groups, namely 30 students in the treatment group and 30 students in the control group. The study used two main instruments, namely the mathematical achievement test and the high -level thinking skills test. Data were analysed using t-test to see the mean difference. The findings showed that there were significant differences of post-test between the control group and the treatment group. The findings show that the flow chart method has a positive effect on the mathematical achievement test and the critical thinking skills test. In conclusion, the flow chart method can be used as an alternative method for students and teachers to solve sentence -length mathematical problem-solving questions. It is hoped that this study can be used as a reference and give implications to teachers' teaching methods. It is also hoped that this will support the efforts of the Ministry of Education Malaysia in achieving the aspirations of students.
Direct in vitro organogenesis from leaf and internode of Coccinia cordifolia (L.) Cogn.

The current study was carried out to elucidate a reproducible protocol to develop plants directly from leaf and internodes to facilitate the genetic transformation in Coccinia cordifolia (L.) Cogn. , a medicinal plant of the cucurbitaceae family. In vitro grown leaf and internodes were used, which were collected for regenerated shoots from field-grown nodal segments that were sterilized by 0.1% HgCl2 treatment for 6 minutes. The nodal segment cultured on BAP, Kn and BAP, NAA combination where 1.5 mg/L BAP solitary supplement and augmented supplement with 0.1 mg/L NAA was most effective as 80% shoots regenerated with 4.0±0.37 and 2.7±0.45 shoots per culture, respectively. Collected leaf and internode responded 90% at 1.5 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L NAA fortified full-strength MS medium. The highest number of shoots also regenerated in the same combination which were 8.1 ± 0.30 and 10.2±0.40, respectively and found internode as the best explant for direct organogenesis. For root induction, half strength of MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L IBA was found most effective. The highest number of roots regenerated per shoot (6.8±0.10) and root length (2.8±0.20). The successful acclimatization of the in vitro (80%) grown plantlets proved the validity of the developed protocol of using biotechnological techniques for improving the plant.
The transcription factors, MesP1 and MesP2, sharing an almost identical bHLH motif, have an overlapping expression pattern during gastrulation and somitogenesis. Inactivation of the Mesp1gene results in abnormal heart morphogenesis due to defective migration of heart

The process of gastrulation is a pivotal step in the formation of the vertebrate body plan. The primary function of gastrulation is the correct placement of precursor tissues for subsequent morphogenesis. In the mouse, gastrulation begins at 6.5 dpc with the delamination of epiblast cells into the primitive streak at the posterior limit of the embryo (for a review, see Tam and Behringer, 1997). Although cells may not be irrevocably committed to specific fates in different regions of the streak epiblast, there is a predictable regional establishment of specific cell populations within the gastrulating embryo. The most posterior region of the primitive streak predominantly gives rise to the extraembryonic mesoderm, which lines the yolk sac and produces embryonic blood cells. In contrast, the midand anterior streaks, at the late egg-cylinder stages, exclusively form the embryonic mesoderm. The mid-streak gives rise to the ventral (lateral) mesoderm that lines body cavities and generates mesodermal derivatives such as the kidney, whereas the anterior streak forms the paraxial somitic mesoderm. The definitive endoderm and dorsal midline of the notochord and head process are formed at the most extreme anterior end of the streak from the ode region. The heart is one of the first structures that are formed during organogenesis in the mouse embryo (DeRuiter et al., 1992). Previous fate-mapping studies have identified the lateral epiblast as the major source of the embryonic mesoderm, including the heart mesoderm, which is localized in the posterior regions of the lateral epiblast (Lawson et al., 1991; Lawson and Pedersen, 1992; Parameswaran and Tam, 1995), and is colocalized with the cranial mesenchyme in the distal region of the newly formed mesodermal layer of the midprimitive-streak-stage embryo (Tam et al., 1997). Therefore, mesodermal cell layers are generated in a sequential order, consisting first of the extraembryonic layer, followed by the cranial and cardiac, lateral, paraxial and axial embryonic layers. There are many reports of mesodermal deficiency, which include those in naturally occurring mutants such as msd (Holdener et al., 1994) and eed (Faust et al., 1998), and in several gene-knockout mice such as cripto (Tdgf1) (Ding et al., 1998), Nodal (Conlon et al., 1994), Fgfr1 (Yamaguchi et al., 1994), Fgf8 (Sun et al., 1999) and Smad2(Madh2)(Waldrip et 3215 Development 127, 3215-3226 (2000) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2000 DEV4373
Mucosal microbiome is predictive of pediatric Crohn’s disease across geographic regions in North America

Background: Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) have an altered intestinal microbiome, which may facilitate novel diagnostic testing. However, accuracy of microbiome classification models across geographic regions may be limited. Therefore, we sought to examine geographic variation in the microbiome of patients with CD from North America and test the performance of a machine learning classification model across geographic regions. Methods: The RISK cohort included 447 pediatric patients with CD and 221 non-inflammatory bowel disease controls from across North America. Terminal ileum, rectal and fecal samples were obtained prior to treatment for microbiome analysis. We divided study sites into 3 geographic regions to examine regional microbiome differences. We trained and tested the performance of a machine learning classification model across these regions. Results: No differences were seen in the mucosal microbiome of patients with CD across regions or in either the fecal or mucosal microbiomes of controls. Machine learning classification algorithms for patients with CD performed well across regions (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] range of 0.85-0.91) with the best results from terminal ileum. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the feasibility of microbiome based diagnostic testing in pediatric patients with CD within North America, independently from regional influences.
A Stratified Approach to Löb Induction

Guarded type theory extends type theory with a handful of modalities and constants to encode productive recursion. While these theories have seen widespread use, the metatheory of guarded type theories, particularly guarded dependent type theories remains underdeveloped. We show that integrating Löb induction is the key obstruction to unifying guarded recursion and dependence in a well-behaved type theory and prove a no-go theorem sharply bounding such type theories. Based on these results, we introduce GuTT : a stratified guarded type theory. GuTT is properly two type theories, sGuTT and dGuTT . The former contains only propositional rules governing Löb induction but enjoys decidable type-checking while the latter extends the former with definitional equalities. Accordingly, dGuTT does not have decidable type-checking. We prove, however, a novel guarded canonicity theorem for dGuTT , showing that programs in dGuTT can be run. These two type theories work in concert, with users writing programs in sGuTT and running them in dGuTT . 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Type theory; of computation
Rate processes during mastication important for modelling bolus formation

Size reduction, work softening, dissolution, absorption and melting are the rate processes that transform food during mastication to form a bolus for swallowing. within the mouth environment these rate processes occur simultaneously with three mechanical processes: occlusion, mixing and mechanical sensory testing. Occlusion causes structure breakdown, mixing blends and redistributes free liquid and circulates the food into and away from the occlusal zone. As it is circulated around the mouth, the food is assessed by a series of mechanical sensory tests, information from these tests contribute to the decision of whether to continue chewing or to initiate a swallow. In developing a mathematical model of mastication, the task is simpler if the predictive requirement focuses only on those properties that initiate swallowing, as determined by the mechanical testing regime. This paper develops the conceptual model for the rate processes, occlusion and mixing. A second paper (Gray-Stuart et al. 2012) at this conference examines the mechanical testing regime.
Use What You Know: Network and Service Coordination Beyond Certainty

Modern services often comprise several components, such as chained virtual network functions, microservices, or machine learning functions. Providing such services requires to decide how often to instantiate each component, where to place these instances in the network, how to chain them and route traffic through them. To overcome limitations of conventional, hardwired heuristics, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approaches for self-learning network and service management have emerged recently. These model-free DRL approaches are more flexible but typically learn tabula rasa, i.e., disregard existing understanding of networks, services, and their coordination.Instead, we propose FutureCoord, a novel model-based AI approach that leverages existing understanding of networks and services for more efficient and effective coordination without time-intensive training. FutureCoord combines Monte Carlo Tree Search with a stochastic traffic model. This allows FutureCoord to estimate the impact of future incoming traffic and effectively optimize long-term effects, taking fluctuating demand and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements into account. Our extensive evaluation based on real-world network topologies, services, and traffic traces indicates that FutureCoord clearly outperforms state-of-the-art model-free and model-based approaches with up to 51% higher flow success ratios.
Placenta accreta in early pregnancy: case report

DOI: 10.31403/rpgo.v68i2389 ABSTRACT First trimester placenta accreta is an uncommon event. There are few cases reported in the literature, several associated with uterine rupture and all of them with risk factors. This pathology can be life-threatening for the mother. At such an early stage of pregnancy, abnormal placentation is diagnosed mainly due to massive hemorrhage during uterine curettage. It is of extreme importance to diagnose it before delivery or uterine evacuation, to prevent associated morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a patient with placenta accreta in early pregnancy who consulted for abnormal uterine bleeding. We describe the clinical history, imaging and management of the patient.
TigerNest: Visitor Flow

This paper details the process behind, implementation of, and evaluation of TigerNest, a web application that generalizes the overnight event host-visitor matching process for the Princeton community. Speciﬁcally, this paper focuses on the off-campus visitor user experience and workﬂow. Another independent work project done by my peer Niranjan Shankar works in conjunction with this one to build out the remaining users’ experiences, and may be mentioned for the sake of clarity in this paper. TigerNest is the ﬁrst web application to provide a central site for event organizers, Princeton hosts, and off-campus visitors to plan and attend a successful event. In order to ensure continued use and user satisfaction, this paper also discusses the requirements gathering after interviews with several Princeton student-run organizations that host overnight events. Furthermore, this project also sought after requirements from the Undergraduate Student Government TigerApps committee to work towards becoming a sponsored TigerApp. Lastly, this project details a new approach to the host-matching process with the goal of lessening the load on event organizers and giving visitors more control in their choice of rooms.
Tearing Us Apart? Muslims’ Attitudes Toward the Majority Population in Response to Differentiated Versus Undifferentiated News About Terror

The intensive news coverage about terrorist attacks committed by the so-called Islamic State (IS) has raised concerns about unwanted effects on intergroup relations between Muslims and non-Muslims in Western societies. News coverage, which makes an explicit distinction between Muslims and IS terrorists (i.e., differentiated news), may reduce negative media perceptions, perceived discrimination, and hostile intergroup attitudes among Muslims. Within two experimental studies, we explored Muslim news consumers’ responses to terror news coverage depending on news differentiation and the terrorist attack’s proximity. Results indicated that Muslims evaluated the perceived news quality of differentiated compared with undifferentiated news reports higher irrespective of the terrorist attack’s proximity, which was negatively related to perceived discrimination and negative attitudes toward the non-Muslim majority population. These findings suggest that news differentiation can contribute to improved intergroup relations between Muslim minority members and the non-Muslim majority population in Western societies.
The Effectiveness of the Brass Based Catalytic Converter to Reduce Exhaust Gas Emissions from Four-stroke Motorcycle Engines

The development of automotive technology to reduce exhaust emissions from vehicles with spark-ignition engines uses catalytic converter technology. This experiment aims to determine the effectiveness of using brass as a catalyst in the spark-ignition engine. For carbon monoxide (CO) measurements on the spark-ignition engine, two muffler measurements were made. First using the AHM 18350-KEV-880 muffler, and second, using a muffler with a brass metal catalytic converter. Measurement of CO exhaust emission levels using an exhaust gas analyzer. The exhaust emission from the spark-ignition engine is measured according to SNI-19-7118.1-2005. The experiment results show that brass metal catalytic converters can significantly reduce CO and HC emission levels. The average reduction in CO emissions at each RPM is 52%, while the average reduction in HC emissions at each RPM is 29%.
Future urban mobility as a bio-inspired collaborative system of multi-functional autonomous vehicles

The fast urbanization and climate change challenges require solutions that enable the efficient movement of people and goods in cities. We envision future cities to be composed of high-performing walkable districts where transportation needs could be served by fleets of ultra-lightweight shared and autonomous vehicles. A future in which most vehicles would be autonomous creates a new paradigm for the possible interactions between vehicles. Natural swarms are a great example of how rich interactions can be; they can divide tasks, cluster, build together, or transport cooperatively. The field of swarm robotics has translated some of the behaviors from natural swarms to artificial systems, proving to make systems more flexible, scalable, and robust. Inspired by nature and supported by swarm robotics, this paper proposes a future mobility in which shared, electric, and autonomous vehicles would be multi-functional and behave as a collaborative system. In this future, fleets of multi-functional vehicles would complete different tasks collaboratively, giving a response to the different urban mobility needs. This paper contributes with the proposal of a framework for future urban mobility that integrates current research and mobility trends in a novel and unique way.
Bayesian Model Averaging of Chain Event Graphs for Robust Explanatory Modelling

Chain Event Graphs (CEGs) are a widely applicable class of probabilistic graphical models that are able to represent context-speciﬁc independence statements and asymmetric unfoldings of events in an easily interpretable way. Existing model selection literature on CEGs has focused on obtaining the maximum a posteriori (MAP) CEG. However, MAP selection is well-known to ignore model uncertainty. Here, we explore the use of model averaging over this class. We demonstrate that such methods express model uncertainty and lead to more robust inference. Because the space of possible CEGs is huge, scoring models ex-haustively for model averaging in all but small prob-lems is prohibitive. However we show that a bespoke class of hybrid forward sampling and greedy search algorithms can successfully and intelligently traverse this space of candidate models. By applying a simple version of our search method to two known case studies, we can illustrate the eﬃcacy of such methods compared to more standard MAP modelling. We also demonstrate how its outputs systematically inform those component hypotheses that are most robustly supported the data and high-scoring alternative models to the MAP model.
Odd Colourings of Graph Products

The odd colouring number is a new graph parameter introduced by Petruševski and Škrekovski [7]. In this note, we show that graphs with so called product structure have bounded odd-colouring number. By known results on the product structure of kplanar graphs, this implies that k-planar graphs have bounded odd-colouring number, which answers a question of Cranston, Lafferty, and Song [2].
NeuralFusion: Neural Volumetric Rendering under Human-object Interactions

4D modeling of human-object interactions is critical for numerous applications. However, efﬁcient volumetric capture and rendering of complex interaction scenarios, especially from sparse inputs, remain challenging. In this paper, we propose NeuralFusion, a neural approach for volumetric human-object capture and rendering using sparse consumer RGBD sensors. It marries traditional non-rigid fusion with recent neural implicit modeling and blending advances, where the captured humans and objects are layer-wise disentangled. For geometry modeling, we propose a neural implicit inference scheme with non-rigid key-volume fusion, as well as a template-aid robust object tracking pipeline. Our scheme enables detailed and complete geometry generation under complex interactions and occlusions. Moreover, we introduce a layer-wise human-object texture rendering scheme, which combines volumetric and image-based rendering in both spatial and temporal domains to obtain photo-realistic results. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efﬁciency of our approach in synthesizing photo-realistic free-view results under complex human-object interactions.