Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and biochemical responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to different herbicides

The present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of herbicides on growth and biochemical behaviour of wheat crop during the rabi season 2009-10 at Instructional farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment comprised one wheat variety HUW-468 and four herbicides treatments, isoproturon, phenoxaprop-p-ethyl, sulfosulfuron and one untreated check. All the plots were kept free of weeds manually throughout the growing season. Plant height, number of tillers plant-1 and leaf area index of wheat were reduced under herbicides treatments with respect to untreated check. Reduction in above growth characters was lowest with sulfosulfuron followed by phenoxaprop-p-ethyl and isoproturon. Although, the difference between untreated check and herbicides for grain yield, biological yield and harvest index was non significant but slightly lower values for above traits were observed with herbicides as compared to untreated check. Nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase activity and protein content in leaves were also reduced due to herbicides relative to untreated check, however sulfosulfuron caused least reduction. Catalase and peroxidase activities in leaves were significantly increased due to herbicides over untreated check; minimum increase was observed with sulfosulfuron, while isoproturon had maximum increase. Thus, it may be concluded that among herbicides used in the experiment, sulfosulfuron is the safest for weed control in wheat as it showed least adverse effect on growth, yield and biochemical parameters of crop. Key words: Triticum aestivum L. , herbicides, isoproturon, phenoxaprop-p-ethyl, sulfosulfuron, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, catalase, peroxidase.
The Effect of the Kangaroo Mother Care Program (KMC) on Wages: A structural Model

In this paper we analyze the relationship between skills and some outcomes later in life for a population of premature children. Pretreatment skills and characteristics are good predictors of childhood and adulthood skills and outcomes. Income per capita and parents education at birth are positively correlated with home environment at 6 and 12 months of corrected age. Moreover, parents education and the proportion of workers at home are correlated with the number of preschool years attended by children. Interestingly, health indicators taken during the first year of life are critical factors for decision to enroll into a university, to obtain better results in math scores and earn larger wages.
Crude Oil Pipeline Scale Deposition: Causes and Removal Methods

This work investigated the causes of scale formation and removal methods on 107 km crude oil pipeline of Diffra oil field of Muglad basin as a case study. The study is based on well and pipeline historical data of three years (2007, 2008 and 2009). The data included production data (net oil and water cut), choke opening, pipeline pressures, water qualities and scale composition. The study revealed that the main cause of scale formation is the presence of Ca+2 and Mg+2 in produced water and wax in oil. The scale consists of 78 % Ca+2, 12 % Mg+2 and 10 % wax. Investigations on removal methods revealed that the currently employed chemical removal method is effective; however the downtime (well shut down) is high making significant production cut. A method to reduce the cleaning down time is proposed. The pipeline is divided into two sections: aboveground and underground. The aboveground line is characterized with the presence of valves, choke and pipe reductions (i.e. non uniform cross section). The underground section is uniform in cross sectional area. For the aboveground section the current practice of chemical cleaning is recommended to be maintained however, with provision of a bypass line. For underground section the standard practice of pigging is recommended. The proposed cleaning method of the whole pipeline eliminates the downtime completely. In addition it is uncomplicated, with economical operation and installation cost. The method also make significant cut in chemical used hence reduces the hazard and environmental impacts.
EFFECTS OF FIBROGLANDULAR TISSUE DISTRIBU- TION ON DATA-INDEPENDENT BEAMFORMING AL- GORITHMS

The efiects of the flbroglandular tissue distribution of the breast on data-independent microwave imaging algorithms are investigated in this paper. A data-independent beamformer is a beamformer whose weights do not depend on the array data and are chosen, based on a channel model, to compensate for path-dependent attenuation and phase efiects. The efiectiveness and robustness of data-independent UWB beamforming algorithms relies upon two speciflc characteristics of breast tissue at microwave frequencies: Firstly, that there exists a signiflcant dielectric contrast between cancerous tissue and normal healthy breast tissue; secondly, that the propagation, attenuation and phase characteristics of normal tissue allow for constructive addition of the UWB returns using the Confocal Microwave Imaging (CMI) technique. However, two recent studies by Lazebnik et al. have highlighted a signiflcant dielectric contrast between normal adipose and flbroglandular tissue within the breast. These results suggest a much more di-cult imaging scenario where clutter due to flbroglandular tissue is a signiflcant concern and that constructive addition of backscattered signals is potentially much more problematic than previously assumed. In this paper, three existing data-independent beamformers are tested on several difierent breast models, examining the efiect of difierent flbroglandular tissue distribution on the performance of the data-independent imaging algorithms.
National and European identities of Bulgarian and Dutch Students

The present study explored the adoption of national and European identities and the perceptions of own nation and Europe in Bulgarian and Dutch students. A questionnaire developed by Georgas et al. (2004) was administered to 256 students in Bulgaria and 190 students in the Netherlands. The majority of participants in both countries (88% in Bulgaria and 85% in the Netherlands) endorsed both national and European identity; European identity was secondary to national identity. There were marked cross-national differences in the way own country and Europe were perceived. Bulgarian students perceived larger differences between the two identities than did Dutch students. Results are in accordance with theories regarding national and supranational identities as compatible and suggest a stronger role of instrumental elements for European identification in Bulgarian students as compared to Dutch students.
Learning recursively: integrating PBL as an authentic problem experience [Plenary presentation]

[Abstract]: Problem based learning (PBL) is widely recognised as a desirable approach to education of future professionals. One strong basis for its appeal is the use of authentic problems of practice, which make the relevance of what is being learned apparent to the learners and encourage development of attitudes and skills that will be central to continuing professional growth beyond graduation. However, the change from traditional lecture-based courses to PBL presents challenges to educators and the institutions in which they work. In many respects, the implementation of PBL can be itself an experience in PBL for the educator. This presentation will address some of the challenges associated with integrating PBL in a university setting from the perspective of those who design and teach courses using PBL, which will be understood as a spectrum of practices rather than a single approach that must be replicated in every instance.
Magnetic force microscope tip-induced remagnetization of CoPt nanodisks with perpendicular anisotropy

We report on the results of a magnetic force microscopy investigation of remagnetization processes in arrays of CoPt nanodisks with diameters of 35 and 200 nm and a thickness of 9.8 nm fabricated by e-beam lithography and ion etching. The controllable magnetization reversal of individual CoPt nanodisks by the magnetic force microscope (MFM) tip-induced magnetic field was demonstrated. We observed experimentally two essentially different processes of tip-induced remagnetization. Magnetization reversal of 200 nm disks was observed when the probe moved across the particle while in case of 35 nm nanodisks one-touch remagnetization was realized. Micromagnetic modeling based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation demonstrated that the tip-induced magnetization reversal occurs through the essentially inhomogeneous states. Computer simulations confirmed that in case of 200 nm disks the mechanism of embryo nucleation with reversed magnetization and further dynamic propagation following the probe moving across the particle was realized. On the other hand one-touch remagnetization of 35 nm disks occurs through the inhomogeneous vortexlike state. Micromagnetic LLG simulations showed that magnetization reversal in an inhomogeneous MFM probe field has a lower energy barrier in comparison with the mechanism of coherent rotation, which takes place in a homogeneous external magnetic field.We report on the results of a magnetic force microscopy investigation of remagnetization processes in arrays of CoPt nanodisks with diameters of 35 and 200 nm and a thickness of 9.8 nm fabricated by e-beam lithography and ion etching. The controllable magnetization reversal of individual CoPt nanodisks by the magnetic force microscope (MFM) tip-induced magnetic field was demonstrated. We observed experimentally two essentially different processes of tip-induced remagnetization. Magnetization reversal of 200 nm disks was observed when the probe moved across the particle while in case of 35 nm nanodisks one-touch remagnetization was realized. Micromagnetic modeling based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation demonstrated that the tip-induced magnetization reversal occurs through the essentially inhomogeneous states. Computer simulations confirmed that in case of 200 nm disks the mechanism of embryo nucleation with reversed magnetization and further dynamic propagation following the probe moving acro.
Can children use similarity between actions to learn grammar

The present study was a replication and extension of Casenhiser and Goldberg (2005). Children aged 5;0 to 7;6 were assigned to one of two training conditions, either they were only taught novel verbs in a novel construction paired with appearance scenes or they were additionally trained on novel verbs in the transitive construction. All participants were assessed on both word orders with new novel verbs using a forced-choice comprehension test. The children in both conditions performed significantly worse on the appearance items than the causative trials, which fails to replicate the original study. The translation post-test responses suggest that poor performance on the appearance test trials was due to the children’s inability to understand the meaning of the individual verbs.
Iodine monoxide in the north subtropical free troposphere

Abstract. Iodine monoxide (IO) differential slant column densities (DSCD) have been retrieved from a new multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument deployed at the Izana subtropical observatory as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) programme. The station is located at 2370 m a.s. l. , well above the trade wind inversion that limits the top of the marine boundary layer, and hence is representative of the free troposphere. We report daily observations from May to August 2010 at different viewing angles. During this period, the spectral signature of IO was unequivocally detected on every day of measurement. A mean IO DSCD of 1.52×10 13 molecules cm −2 was observed at the 5° instrument elevation angle (IEA) on clear days using a single zenith reference for the reported period, with a day-to-day variability of 33% at one standard deviation. Based on the simulation of the DSCDs using radiative transfer calculations with five different hypothesized IO profiles, the IO mixing ratio is estimated to range between 0.2 and 0.4 pptv in the free troposphere. Episodes of Saharan dust outbreaks were also observed, with large increases in the DSCDs at higher IEA, suggesting an enhancement of IO inside the dust cloud.
Empowering Employees in Process-Oriented Organizations

Empowerment is one of key management methods in contemporary organizations. The implementation of this method, however, is connected with creation of appropriate organizational conditions. In this article the characteristics of classical function-oriented organizations and contemporary process-oriented ones were presented, then the possibilities of applying empowerment in these organizations were analyzed. Barriers, costs and benefits of empowering employees were identified. The implementation of empowerment proves high competencies of an organization as well as it contributes to their development. Special attention was paid to the speed of making decisions and flexibility of acting and reacting to changing expectations of external and internal customers.
A Kaluza-Klein subtractor

We generalize the results of arXiv : 1212.1875 and arXiv : 1212.6919 on attraction basins and their boundaries to the case of a specific class of rotating black holes,namely the ergo-free branch of extremal black holes in Kaluza-Klein theory. We find that exact solutions that span the attraction basin can be found even in the rotating case by appealing to certain symmetries of the equations of motion. They are characterized by two asymptotic parameters that generalize those of the non-rotating case, and the boundaries of the basin are spinning versions of the (generalized) subtractor geometry. We also give examples to illustrate that the shape of the attraction basin can drastically change depending on the theory.
Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of single MnAs nanoclusters in GaAs

MnAs nanoclusters in GaAs were investigated with cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. The topographic images reveal that the small clusters have the same zinc-blende crystal structure as the host material, while the larger clusters grow in a hexagonal crystal phase. The initial Mn concentration during molecular beam epitaxy growth has a strong influence on the size of the clusters that form during the annealing step. The local band structure of a single MnAs cluster is probed with scanning tunneling spectroscopy, revealing a Coulomb blockade effect that correlates with the size of the cluster. With a spin-sensitive tip, for the smaller clusters, superparamagnetic switching between two distinct states is observed at T = 77 K. The larger clusters do not change their magnetic state at this temperature, i.e., they are superferromagnetic, confirming that they are responsible for the ferromagnetic behavior of this material at room-temperature.
Perception of European Tourist Toward Bali As Tourism Destination

This research aimed to determine main attractor factors of Bali tourism and pre­do­minantly factors that determine the European travel to Bali. It was designed by using research sur­vey that in­volving 167 European tourist selected purposively. Con­fir­ma­to­ry factor analysis techniques were used to analyse a wide range of variables Balinese charm. The re­sults showed the main attractor factors of Bali tourism are (1) Immigration, security of destin­ation, and travel agencies, (2) The prices, the accommodation, food and transportation, (3) The history, cul­ture, and na­tural beauty. While the most dominant factor in de­ter­mi­ning European tourists travelled to Bali were immi­gra­tion, security of destination, and travel agencies. The findings also indicated that the images of Bali tourism are the destination's history, culture, and na­ture. These three variables were in accordance with ex­pectations of Euro­pean tourists who have been known as travellers who like the interested on history, culture, and the beauty of the scenery.
Image Quality Assessment Based on Contourlet and ESD Method

In recent years, the development of the digital image processing promotes the research of the image quality assessment (IQA). A novel metric for full-reference image quality assessment is presented. The metric combined the contourlet transform with the energy of structural distortion (ESD), namely the CT-ESD. The calculation of the ESD is carried out in each subband of the contourlet transform. Then the comparisons between the reference and the distorted images on each subband are integrated by weighting sum. The superiority of the contourlet transform integrates well into new IQA metric. Experiments performed on the database TID2013 demonstrate that the CT-ESD can achieve high consistency with the subjective evaluation.
A pathwise ergodic theorem for quantum trajectories

If the time evolution of an open quantum system approaches equilibrium in the time mean, then on any single trajectory of any of its unravellings the time-averaged state approaches the same equilibrium state with probability 1. In the case of multiple equilibrium states, the quantum trajectory converges in the mean to a random choice from these states.
How Can Software SMEs Become Medical Device

The amount of software content within medical devices has grown considerably over recent years and will continue to do so as the level of complexity of medical devices increase. This is driven by the fact that software is introduced to produce sophisticated medical devices that would not be possible using only hardware. This therefore presents opportunities for software development SMEs to become medical device software development organisations. However, some obstacles need to be addressed and overcome in order to make the transition from being a generic software development organisation to becoming a medical device software development organisation. This paper describes these obstacles and how research that is currently being performed within the Regulated Software Research Group in Dundalk Institute of Technology may be used to assist with this transition.
Evolution vs. Intelligent Design in Consensus Protocols

Consensus is an important building block for building replicated systems, and many consensus protocols have been proposed. In this paper, we show that many consensus protocols can be derived from the same simple genes. We present these genes in the form of a skeleton algorithm that can be configured to produce, among others, three well-known consensus protocols: Paxos, ChandraToueg, and Ben-Or. Although each of these protocols specify only one quorum system explicity, we show that all employ a second quorum system. We use the skeleton algorithm to implement a replicated service, allowing us to compare the performance of these consensus protocols under various workloads and failure scenarios. From this we learn, for example, that weak leader election in Paxos unnecessarily causes performance degradation in certain failure scenarios.
EFFECT OF ASPHALT MIXTURE CHARACTERISTICS AND DESIGN ON FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF BITUMINOUS WEARING COURSE MIXTURES

Investigations of 13 field test sections indicated that the key to preventing frictional resistance problems early in the life of dense-graded surface course mixtures is to maintain field air-void contents above 3.4% for 12.5-mm (1/2-in.) maximum aggregate size (ID-2) mixtures and 3.0% for 25.4-mm (1-in.) maximum aggregate size (ID-3) mixtures. Some existing mixture design and acceptance procedures, as well as existing field control and acceptance procedures, were determined to be primary contributors to the design and acceptance of mixtures which are likely to have low air-void contents and low frictional resistance. A procedure was developed and recommended to determine optimum asphalt content and to screen mixture designs that may be particularly sensitive to changes in asphalt content. A Texas gyratory compactor, modified to simulate the new Strategic Highway Research Program gyratory compactor, was found to do a better job than Marshall compaction of producing laboratory mixtures more representative of the field. However, additional studies are clearly needed to identify and validate the best laboratory compaction method. It was determined that one of the key factors in controlling frictional resistance problems is the control of air-void contents of laboratory-compacted plant-produced mixtures. More accurate determination of maximum specific gravities in the field would help in controlling air-void contents more accurately during construction.
Immune response and ileal microflora in broilers fed wheat-based diet with or without enzyme Endofeed W and supplementation of thyme essential oil or probiotic PrimaLac®

An experiment was carried out to study the immune response and ileal microflora in broilers fed wheatbased diet with or without enzyme Endofeed W (EEW) and supplementation of thyme essential oil (TEO) or probiotic PrimaLac ® (PP). Hypersensitivity, antibody production, haematology and immune organ weights were considered as the immune response and Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia coli were enumerated in ileum. A 2×3 factorial arrangement with two levels of EEW (0.0 and 0.05%) and two types of growth promoters (unsupplemented or supplemented with TEO or PP) was designed. Each of the six dietary treatments was fed to four groups with 12 chicks each from 0 to 42 days. Addition of EEW, TEO or PP to the wheat-based diet improved (P<0.05) immunity in terms of hypersensitivity response and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio as compared to the control group. Antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) antigen and other haematological analysis were numerically (P > 0.05) enhanced by the addition of EEW or TEO to diet, whereas total and IgG anti-SRBC altered significantly with administration of PP and white blood cells count was increased (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of growth promoters (TEO or PP) to the control diet. All feed additives induced competitive exclusion efficiently, in terms of increase (P< 0.05) in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and reduction (P < 0.05) in E. coli counts.
EFFECTS OF VITAMIN E, L-CARNITINE AND MELATONIN ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE/DIABETES INDUCED HEPATIC OXIDATIVE STRESS

Summary This study aimed to investigate whether I.P. treatments with vitamin E (100 mg/kg), L-carnitine (300 mg/kg) and melatonin (10 mg/kg) can protect against CCl4/diabetes induced hepatic oxidative stress in the same manner or not. It was performed in Wistar rats as a comparison between two different models by 50% v/v CCl4 (1 ml/kg, 3 days, I.P.) in the first model and by STZ (40 mg/kg, I.P.) induced diabetes mellitus in the second model over 6 weeks. The results obtained were surprising and antioxidants showed different responses in the two models. In CCl4-treated rats, melatonin was found to be the most effective treatment, while vitamin E was found to be the least effective treatment. In STZ-treated rats, vitamin E showed significant attenuation than CCl4-treated rats, followed by melatonin and Lcarnitine as indicated by the changes in liver function tests, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver, and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level. In conclusion these data indicate the beneficial effects of antioxidants, especially melatonin against oxidative stress and hepatic disorders induced by CCl4 and to less extent diabetes. Moreover, the potent effect of vitamin E in reducing hepatic oxidative stress induced by diabetes, which can be linked not only to the antioxidant actions of vitamin E, but also to the superior effect in reducing diabetes-induced hyperglycemia. Finally, same antioxidants can have varying responses in different models of oxidative stress.