Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural attenuation of antimony in mine drainage water

In this study, we investigated the natural attenuation of antimony (Sb) in the drainage water of an abandoned mine. Drainage water, waste rocks, and ocherous precipitates collected from the mine were investigated in terms of their mineralogy and chemistry. The chemistry of the drainage water was analyzed by measuring pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and electric conductivity on site as well as by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. As the drainage flowed downstream, the pH decreased rapidly from 7.05 to 3.26 and then increased slowly to 3.50. In a section where the pH increased, ocherous precipitates occur on a drainage water channel. We determined Sb levels in the drainage water, and the distribution of Sb in the mineral phases of waste rocks and precipitates was estimated by means of a sequential extraction procedure. The results of these investigations indicated that Sb, which is generated by the dissolution of stibnite (Sb2S3) and secondary formed Sb minerals in waste rocks, was attenuated by iron-bearing ocherous precipitates, especially schwertmannite, that form over time in the drainage water. The Sb concentrations in the ocherous precipitates were up to 370 mg/kg, whereas the Sb concentrations in the drainage water downstream were below background levels (0.6 μg/L). Bulk distribution coefficients (Kd) for this Sb adsorption to the precipitates ranges up to at least 105 L/kg.
The Effects of a 12-Week Custom Foot Orthotic Intervention on the Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot, and Dynamic Stability During Unexpected Gait Termination in Healthy Young Adults

Introduction: Custom-made foot orthotics (CFO’s) are a commonly prescribed intervention to help individuals that are suffering from foot pain and foot disorders. However, the mechanisms of CFO’s are still poorly understood and are not well known. With the plantar intrinsic muscles of the foot being in direct contact with the CFO, it puts these structures at risk for disuse muscle atrophy as a result of being offloaded. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of a 12-week custom-made foot orthotic intervention on the intrinsic muscles of the foot and dynamic stability during unexpected gait termination. Methods: Eighteen healthy young adults participated in the study. Participants were allocated by stratified sampling into either the: (a) orthotic group (n= 9) or (b) control group (n= 9). Beginning of each testing session, participants’ right foot was assessed by diagnostic ultrasound to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), abductor digiti minimi (Abd DM), and abductor hallucis (Abd H). Subsequently, participants completed an unexpected gait termination protocol and data was collected using force plates, motion capture, and electromyography (EMG) to assess dynamic stability. A total of 50 walking trials were completed at baseline, 6-weeks and 12-weeks, where 25% of the trials were unexpected gait termination. The variables used to measure dynamic stability were M/L COM-BOS and A/P COM-COP. Additionally, the amount of muscle activity was determined by average EMG magnitude and integrated EMG. The secondary outcome measures of interest were vertical force rate of loading (ROL), step width, step length and gait velocity. Results: At the end of the 12-week intervention, the participants in the OG had significantly smaller CSA of the FDB (9.6%) (p<0.001), Abd DM (17.1%) (p<0.001) and Abd H (17.4%) (p<0.001) plantar intrinsic muscles. Despite muscle atrophy, individuals in the orthotic group
A Real-Time Directed Routing Protocol Based on Projection of Convex Holes on Underwater Acoustic Networks

The directed routing protocol ends in failure when it faces a situation of the destination node with a very low velocity in a sparse ad hoc network so that none of nodes exist in its forwarding zone. Illuminated by BFDREAM and ZONER, the paper firstly proposes a novelty routing protocol that is fairly immune to forwarding failure through projecting the present source node on the boundaries of convex baffle holes of underwater acoustic networks in deep sea. Compared with DREAM and BFDREAM, the experimental results show our protocol achieves a great improvement in decreasing the propagation delay and reducing quantities of the non-effect information. So the new protocol may have a bright application prospect in deep sea acoustic networks.
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Geotechnical Engineering System Using Neural Network Ensemble

Neural networks-based sensitivity analysis of parameters of geotechnical engineering systems has become a research focus of increasing interest. This study presents a neural network ensemble–based parameter sensitivity analysis method to investigate the sensitivity of variables leading to lateral deformation in an earth-retaining wall of foundation pit system. This method allows not only identification of the dominant variables of the foundation pit system but it also helps to reveal of the relationship between the explicative (input) and dependent (output) variables of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the typical case in geotechnical engineering system. Keywords-parameter sensitivity analysis; neural network ensemble; geotechnical engineering system
Research and Design of Security Scheme on Application Layer of a Web of Things

OIDC protocol is one of the latest applications in the WoT application layer of a single sign-on protocol. In order to solve WoT application layer authentication and authorization issues, this paper presents a multi-secret visual cryptography scheme, combined with OIDC protocol, to achieve WoT application layer authentication and authorization functions. Multi-secret visual cryptography technology can hide a lot of secret information in a small amount of memory, while it can make up for OIDC defects. This solution can improve the security of WoT application layer under the premise of reducing the security.
GaInN light-emitting diodes using separate epitaxial growth for the p-type region to attain polarization-inverted electron-blocking layer, reduced electron leakage, and improved hole injection

A GaInN light-emitting diode (LED) structure is analyzed that employs a separate epitaxial growth for the p-type region, i.e., the AlGaN electron-blocking layer (EBL) and p-type GaN cladding layer, followed by wafer or chip bonding. Such LED structure has a polarization-inverted EBL and allows for uncompromised epitaxial-growth optimization of the p-type region, i.e., without the need to consider degradation of the quantum-well active region during p-type region growth. Simulations show that such an LED structure reduces electron leakage, reduces the efficiency droop, improves hole injection, and has the potential to extend high efficiencies into the green spectral region.
Multivariate Bayesian Regression Analysis Applied to Ground-Motion Prediction Equations, Part 1: Theory and Synthetic Example

An application of a linear multivariate Bayesian regression model to compute pseudoacceleration (SA) ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs )i s presented. The model is able to include the correlation between observations for a given earthquake, the correlation between SA ordinates at different periods, and the correlation between regression coefficients of the ground-motion prediction model. We evaluate the advantages of the Bayesian approach over the traditional regression methods, and we discuss the differences between univariate and multivariate analyses. Because the application of the Bayesian method is in general complex and implies an increase in the numerical effort with respect to the traditional methods, our computer code to perform linear Bayesian analyses is freely available on request.
Validation of a technology for objectively measuring behaviour in dairy cows and its application for oestrous detection

Devices (IceTag ® ActivityMonitor) using accelerometer technology to determine the behaviour of cows (proportion of time lying, standing, active and step count) were attached to 15 cows (2 per cow) and validated between devices and against observed behaviour. For standing and active, 95% of paired (within cow) one minute data points were within 7% points, 95% of the lying data points were within 1% point, and 95% of stepping data were within 3 steps. The device recorded 100% of lying bouts within ±1 minute of visually observed data. In a second experiment, 16 lactating dairy cows were fitted with IceTag ® s and the relationship between behaviour profiles and oestrus evaluated. Blood progesterone concentration and twicedaily visual observations were used to identify precisely ovulation events and four algorithms, based on active and lying behaviour, were developed. A 24 hour rolling mean of activity and a slope threshold of 0.2 calculated for either the previous 10 hours (Activity24/10) or 5 hours (Activity24/5) correctly identified 93% of oestrous events, with 21% and 18% false positive alerts, respectively. Two further algorithms, Lying 5.5% between midnight and 05:00hrs identified 50% and 64% of oestrous events, with 36% and 18% false positive alerts, respectively. In a third experiment using 30 cows, 56 oestrous events were identified through milk progesterone profiles and visual observation. Algorithm Activity24/10 and Activity24/5 identified 84% and 76% of oestrous events respectively. The IceTag ® accurately recorded
Use of RT-qPCR method for analysis of cytokinin-activated reporter gene lacZ in E. coli

Escherichia coli strain KMI001 (ΔrcsC, cps::lacZ) expressing the CRE1/AHK4 receptor that activates β-galactosidase expression has been previously employed to evaluate cytokinin and/or anti-cytokinin activity of synthetic cytokinin-like compounds. Here, for the first time, we evaluate its response on the transcript level. We tested and optimized mRNA extraction protocol and analyzed expression stability of eight reference genes. We show that the presence of cytokinin may alter the expression pattern of these so-called house-keeping genes of bacteria.
Implementation of Clustering Algorithms for real datasets in Medical Diagnostics using MATLAB

As in the medical field, for one disease there require samples given by diagnosis. The samples will be analyzed by a doctor or a pharmacist. As the no. of patients increases their samples also increases, there require more time to analyze samples for deciding the stage of the disease. To analyze the sample every time requires a skilled person. The samples can be classified by applying them to clustering algorithms. Data clustering has been considered as the most important raw data analysis method used in data mining technology. Most of the clustering techniques proved their efficiency in many applications such as decision making systems, medical sciences, earth sciences etc. Partition based clustering is one of the main approach in clustering. There are various algorithms of data clustering, every algorithm has its own advantages and disadvantages. This work reports the results of classification performance of three such widely used algorithms namely K-means (KM), Fuzzy c-means and Fuzzy Possibilistic c-Means (FPCM) clustering algorithms. To analyze these algorithms three known data sets from UCI machine learning repository are taken such as thyroid data, liver and wine. The efficiency of clustering output is compared with the classification performance, percentage of correctness. The experimental results show that K-means and FCM give same performance for liver data. And FCM and FPCM are giving same performance for thyroid and wine data. FPCM has more efficient classification performance in all the given data sets.
Achievement and Satisfaction in a Computer-assisted Versus a Traditional Lecturing of an Introductory Statistics Course

2 Abstract: Computer ass isted education has b ecome a rapidly developing educational alternative. Many universities del iver such course s acr oss a variet y of disciplines. However, few studies have evaluated the efficiency of such presentations f or quan titative courses like Mathematics and St atistics courses. The p urpose of this st udy was t o exam ine achi evement and satisfaction of management students w ho p articipated i n an introductory Statistics course which w as presented i n p ower-point slide format and a t raditional lecture-based (white b oard and marker) class. Thirty four subjects i n a PowerPoint slide class and twenty five subjects in a traditional l ecture-based class participated in this study. Outcomes included performance on a 100-point written exam (pre- and posttest). All participants com pleted a satisfaction survey . No si gnificant differences were found between PowerPoint slide and traditional courses in the pretest and posttest written exams. No significant differences were found in a ge and gender i n t wo c lasses. In t erms of satisfaction, the traditional lecture-based class evaluated the course significantly higher in learning and understanding the subject materials, encouragement to express their i deas i n c lass and clearness of material explanations. On t he other side, the p ower-point class evaluated t he cours e hi ghly significant in b eing in vited to share their i deas and knowledge. There was a s ignificant relationship between achievement and satisfaction in bot h c lasses and there was a significant difference between correlation c oefficients of achievement and satisfaction in tw o groups.
OCCURRENCE OF ARMILLARIA RHIZOMORPH POPULATIONS IN THE SOIL BENEATH INDIGENOUS FORESTS IN THE BAY OF PLENTY, NEW ZEALAND

The distribution of rhizomorphs of species of Armillaria was determined in indigenous forests at three sites up to 80 km apart in the Rotorua-Bay of Plenty district, New Zealand, by systematically taking cylindrical soil core samples 16 cm diameter by 22 cm deep. There was significant between-site variation in the frequency of occurrence of rhizomorphs (4-19%; p <G.05). At one site with four plots (36 x 28-36 m; up to 1.4 km apart), there was between-plot variation in rhizomorph frequency (13-31%; p < 0.01), mean rhizomorph length per unit area of soil surface (2-9 m/m 2 ; p <0.01), and yield of isolates from samples containing rhizomorphs (41-89%; p <0.01). Distribution of viable rhizomorphs was clustered in two plots (p <0.05). Cultural techniques were used to identify species and intercompatibility groups among isolates made from rhizomorphs and basidiomata. Plots contained 19-93 groups of A. novae-zelandiae (Stevenson) Herink per hectare and 15-58 groups of A. limonea (Stevenson) Boesewinkel per hectare. Dimensions of intercompatibility group clusters varied from less than 4 m to at least 30' m across. Five out of eight billets of Beilschmiedia tawa (A. Cunn.) Kirk and Pinus radiata D. Don, protected from soil rhizomorphs by plastic shields, were each colonised by Armillaria species 20-22 months after being partially buried 1-5 m from a dense cluster of sporulating basidiomata of A. novae-zelandiae. This result, together with the high numbers of intercompati­ bility group density, suggests that basidiospores may play an important role in the establishment of infection centres in New Zealand forests.
A Comparative Study of the Comparison of Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction, Self-esteem and Social Development between Disabled Athletes and Non-athletes with Disabilities

Author Address 1. PhD. Faculty of sport sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran; 2.MSc. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, Iran; 3. Young Researcher and Elite Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran; 4. MSc Student Physical Education and Sport Sciences Allameh Tabatabai University. *Corresponding Author Address: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Buali Sina University; *Tel: 09380064684; *E-mail: ay.naderi@yahoo.com
Efficacy of Targeted Mist-Netting to Capture Northern Bobwhites During the Non-Breeding Season in Ohio

Baited funnel traps and nightlighting are well established northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) capture techniques, but their use is not always appropriate, particularly on private land where cooperating landowners may place constraints on research activities. Alternative capture techniques may be more effective under conditions considered to be unfavorable for established techniques (e.g., periods with abundant natural food). Targeted mist-netting, where mist nets are erected near the known location of specific individuals, has been used to capture gallinaceous species and may be an effective alternative to established bobwhite capture techniques. We evaluated the effectiveness of using targeted mist-netting to capture bobwhites during the non-breeding season in Ohio. We tested for differences in survival and age and sex ratios of individuals captured with targeted netting and baited funnel traps. We captured 257 individuals with targeted netting during 1 October-28 February 2009–2011 and concurrently captured 253 individuals with baited funnel traps. There was a short-term influence of capture and handling, but there was no significant difference in post-capture survival of bobwhites captured with targeted netting or trapping. Capture rates of age and sex classes were similar (P1⁄4 0.488 and P1⁄4 0.973, respectively) between targeted netting and trapping. Body mass of bobwhites captured by targeted netting was less than that of bobwhites captured by trapping (P 1⁄4 0.009) suggesting that netting may provide more accurate estimates of body mass. We used targeted netting to capture bobwhites in a variety of situations where use of funnel traps was ineffective or problematic. Targeted netting was effective and often more compatible with constraints of working on private land than established capture techniques. Citation: Wiley, M. J., A. K. Janke, and R. J. Gates. 2012. Efficacy of targeted mist-netting to capture northern bobwhites during the nonbreeding season in Ohio. Proceedings of the National Quail Symposium 7:235–240.
Breaking Up a Research Consortium

Inter-firm R&D collaborations through contractual arrangements have become increasingly popular, but in many cases they are broken up without any joint discovery. We provide a rationale for the breakup date in R&D collaboration agreements. More specifically, we consider a research consortium initiated by a firm A with a firm B. B has private information about whether it is committed to the project or a free-rider. We show that under fairly general conditions, a breakup date in the contract is a (second-best) optimal screening device for firm A to screen out free-riders. With the additional constraint of renegotiation proofness, A can only partially screen out free-riders: entry by some free-riders makes sure that A does not have an incentive to renegotiate the contract ex post. We also propose empirical strategies for identifying the three likely causes of a breakup date: adverse selection, moral hazard, and project non-viability.
A deformable plate interacting with a non-Newtonian fluid in three dimensions

We consider a deformable plate interacting with a non-Newtonian fluid flow in three dimensions as a simple model problem for fluid-structure-interaction phenomena in life sciences (e.g., red blood cell interacting with blood flow). A power-law function is used for the constitutive equation of the non-Newtonian fluid. The lattice Boltzmann equation (the D3Q19 model) is used for modeling the fluid flow. The immersed boundary (IB) method is used for modeling the flexible plate and handling the fluid-plate interaction. The plate drag and its scaling are studied; the influences of three dimensionless parameters (power-law exponent, bending modulus, and generalized Reynolds number) are investigated.
Automatic Product Review Sentiment Analysis Using Vader and Feature Visulaization

Sentiment polarity analysis has been a popular research field for data, scientists over the last decade. Movie reviews, hotel reviews, social media like twitter reviews and product reviews have been the subjects of sentiment polarity analysis. NLTK has been facilitating these researchers with necessary classification tools to verify and finetune the accuracy of sentiment polarity analysis models. The most interesting part of the research is the sentiment polarity using the intensity of the sentiments in the reviews. The Vader sentiment analysis tool is one such tool which uses a specially developed lexicon to classify the sentiment based on the intensity of sentiments. Vader also facilitates unsupervised sentiment analysis, unlike other supervised machine learning techniques. This study explores Vader tool for unsupervised and online sentiment analysis of product reviews. The study also focusses on the domain based training datasets and their universal applicability for sentiment classification. Finally, the study highlights the usefulness of direct visualization techniques for selected high frequency negative and positive feature sentiments
EVALUATION OF STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE USING ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY APPROACH

The Fusion of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) has attracted a growing interest of researchers in various scientific and engineering areas. Due to the growing need for adaptive intelligent systems to solve real world problems. ANN learns by adjusting the interconnections between layers. FIS is a popular computing framework based on the concept of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy if-then rules. The advantages of the combination of ANN and FIS are apparent. The developed method uses a fuzzy system to support neural networks to enhance some of its characteristics like flexibility, speed and adaptability which is called the Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Evaluating and assessing the student academic performance is not an easy task, especially when it involves many attributes or factors. Moreover, the knowledge of the human experts is acquired to determine the criteria of studentsâ€™ academic performance and the decisions about their level of assimilation but most of the information is incomplete and vague. To overcome the problem, this work evaluates the studentâ€™s academic performance based on ANFIS tools which was implemented on MATLAB 7.6. 0 (R2008a). The method produces crisp numerical outcomes that evaluate the studentâ€™s academic performance. The student performance after the training of the two inputs was at the average for semester1 and semester 2. Â
The Terahertz Atmosphere

The recent development of sites in unusually high and dry locations, notably the Atacama desert of northern Chile and the South Pole, has extended the range of ground-based radio astronomy to frequencies beyond 1 THz. Instruments for observations at these frequencies are being planned, or are under development, for several telescopes. One experimental telescope, the SAO Submillimeter Receiver Laboratory's RLT, has operated routinely above 1 THz since late 2002. Observations at these frequencies, where atmospheric attenuation is always high, require a good understanding of the propagation path to be successful. We have spent several years investigating terahertz atmospheric propagation from two sites in northern Chile—the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) site near Cerro Chajnantor, and the site of the RLT on Cerro Sairecabur. Using an automated Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), a large volume of atmospheric emission spectra, covering 300 GlIz – 3.5 THz, has been obtained from these sites under a full range of meteorological conditions. As part of this effort, we have developed a general-purpose atmospheric model for terahertz frequencies which is well-validated by these data. We continue to operate the FTS in conjunction with the RLT, and have found that the combined measurement and modeling capability is invaluable for calibrating the astronomical observations. In this paper, we discuss the observed characteristics of these sites, modeling methods and results, and the use of the FTS as a calibration tool for radio astronomy.