Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Intuitive and Realistic Visualization Method for Seabed Terrain

Visualization of the seabed terrain is one of the key functions of marine geographic information system. The major challenge here is that the obtained data for seabed terrain usually consists of elevation and sediment only but does not include remote sensing images, which is important for ground terrain visualization, as they can be used as textures to reveal detailed information and achieve realistic visual results. Existing seabed terrain visualizing methods (including annotations, color-mapping, and texture-mapping) have limitations in reality and intuition, as they are inadequate to express the physical characteristics of sediment accurately. This paper presents a novel and advanced 3D visualization method of seabed terrain, which introduces the Physically Based Rendering (PBR) theory into the field of geographic visualization. We analyze the main categories of seabed sediments and their optical features respectively, then develop a procedural method to generate physically based rendering materials for different sediments. Then an enhanced bidirectional reflectance distribution function is employed to achieve accurate and intuitive terrain rendering. We also refine the texture sampling method and propose a procedural seabed objects generation method to construct a more natural and realistic undersea environment. Experimental results reveal our method can make good use of the limited seabed terrain data and get significant improvements in visual effect, which can help users to cognize and analyze the seabed geographic environment more accurately and intuitively.
AGENCY PROBLEMS IN SERVICE OUTSOURCING: ADVERSE SELECTION AND PERFORMANCE AMBIGUITY

In this paper, we explore how adverse selection and performance ambiguity, two important problems according to agency theory, arise in service outsourcing arrangements. We propose a mediated model where two antecedents, information asymmetry and goals compatibility, directly affect performance ambiguity, and indirectly through adverse selection. This model was tested empirically with matched pairs dyadic data on 50 service outsourcing arrangements between organizations in Australia. Results show that information asymmetry impacts performance ambiguity only through adverse selection, whereas goals compatibility only affects performance ambiguity directly, without influencing adverse selection. These results suggest that the two agency problems are differentially affected by the antecedents. Other theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in the paper.
The Economic Impact of College Athletics on Local Economies An Empirical Approach from the U.S. Master’s Thesis

The popularity college athletics enjoys can be compared to the popularity of professiona l sports in the U.S. With bigger attendance figures than professional sports, college athletics is able to attract millions of fans and generate millions of dollars annually in revenue. Therefore, college athletics plays an important role for the U.S sporting culture and its local economy. Some research has been done on trying to find a positive linkage between college athletics and the economy (Baade, Baumann, & Matheson, 2011). This has however not been successful, which can be seen as a little surprising, since college athletics brings millions of dollars to the university and contributes to the economic activity in the local economy. This thesis has researched the economic impact Division I-A college athletics has on the metropolitan and state level economies. This has been done by looking at the impact college athletics has on the metropolitan and state GDP, as well as on the local employment. An ex-post analysis approach has been used by applying different econometrical methods of ordinary least squares, three stage least squares, instrumental variable and general methods of moments to tackle problems of reverse causality and endogeneity. To specifically find the impact college athletics has on GDP and not GDP’s impact on college athletics, an instrumental variable approach has been applied with using unexpected success (Olympics medals) as an instrument capturing the effect on college athletics. The findings of college athletics impact on the economy are twofold. Whereas college athletics does not have a positive impact on the metropolitan economy, college athletics has a positive impact on the state economy. This can be attributed to the fact that many profitable universities are located in the same state but different metropolitan areas. Smaller universities might not be as profitable but can still have an impact on the metropolitan and state economies. Although college athletics fails to have an impact on the metropolitan economy, which can be due to the substitution and crowding out effect, the empirica l findings show that college athletics has a positive significant impact on the state GDP. This study is among a handful of studies that have been able to find a positive relationship between college athletics and the state economy. Jennifer Holmberg 2015 Copenhagen Business School
WHAT TO PUT IN THE BAG? COMPARING AND CONTRASTING PROCEDURES FOR TEXT CLUSTERING

This study takes into account the issue of text clustering against the specific background of bag-of-words approaches and from different viewpoints. The most common algorithms for text clustering include instructions to summarise textual features in simple quantitative measures and use them to recognise the degree of similarity (or dissimilarity) between texts. These procedures involve several choices concerning the vocabularies of texts and measures of similarity. By comparing and contrasting the results obtained through eleven different procedures aimed at clustering the texts of three different corpora, this study discusses the importance of those choices and is focused on understanding for which environments they may be suitable.
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE MINAS GERAIS Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia RESPIRADOR ORAL E PADRÃO FACIAL ANORMAL: O ESTÁGIO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA OCLUSÃO É IMPORTANTE?

Objective : To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the cephalometric pattern between mouth breathing children with primary dentition and mixed dentition. Methods: Cephalometric measurements of 126 mouth breathing children (MB) were compared to 126 nasal breathing controls (NB). Both groups were divided into deciduous dentition (mean age 4 y, 8 m) and mixed dentition (mean age 7 y, 9 m) groups. Results : A statistically significant difference was observed in the dentofacial patterns of MB children compared to NB children. The total length of the mandible was smaller in MB compared to NB children. However, this difference was found only in subjects with mixed dentition. The length of the mandibular corpus is similar in MB and NB children, although older MB children with mixed dentition had significantly smaller measurements. The lower anterior facial height was higher in MB compared to NB children, but this difference was evident only in younger children with primary dentition. Mandibular plane angle, Y-axis angle and lower anterior facial height to total anterior facial height ratio were greater, and posterior facial height to total anterior facial height ratio was smaller in MB than NB children, indicating that mouth breathers had a more vertical facial growth pattern. However, no differences were found in the vertical growth pattern associated with the stage of dental development. The ANB angle was not associated with the maturational status of occlusion. Linear measurements and the gonial angle were significantly different between children with primary and mixed dentition, but such differences were associated with normal vertical growth. Conclusions : The present investigation rejected the null hypothesis and showed significant cephalometric differences between primary and mixed dentition MB children. Mouth breathing children in the mixed dentition have a smaller mandible (in terms of total length and corpus length) than nasal breathers. In children with primary dentition, the lower anterior facial height is higher in MB than in NB children. There was no significant association between the stage of dental development of mouth breathing children (either in the primary or mixed dentition) and the other cephalometric patterns.
Plate distance effect on mixed convection in

Mixed convection in air in a horizontal channel with the lower wall heated at uniform heat flux is investigated experimentally. The study is accomplished for several heat fluxes, forced air velocities and two distances between the horizontal plates, b=20 mm and b=40 mm. The Reynolds numbers are investigated between 5.0 and 250, these being in the laminar regime. The Richardson number Ri=Gr/Re holds values in the range 3.0–7.4x10. The effect of the channel gap is investigated by flow visualization and wall temperature distribution.
“I just want to get married – I don’t care to who!” Marriage, Life Satisfaction and Educational Differences in Australian Couples

The empirical literature involved with marriage and partnership suggests that those individuals who are partnered exhibit increased life satisfaction, compared to those who remain single. In addition, we also see non-random patterns in traits brought to a partnership. So then how does the type of partnership affect levels of happiness? Following the existing literature we use the Housing, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey and standard panel data techniques to firstly investigate whether those individuals who are legally married exhibit significantly higher levels of life satisfaction. We then depart from the existing literature to investigate what type of partnership makes an individual happier. Results indicate that married Australians do experience higher levels of happiness, the equivalent of $100,000+ in extra income, with life satisfaction levels increasing and then decreasing in the years around marriage. The happiness benefits of being married are much greater for males than for females. A spouses’ education seems to only matter for males with educational differences increasing the level of happiness for females only. 1 The author would like to thank Prof. Paul Frijters, Dr. Andrew Leigh, Dr Tue Gorgens, Dr Nick Carroll and all the participants at the regular RSSS seminar series and Cross Institutional PhD workshop, Queensland University of Technology seminar for helpful thoughts, advice and comments. The data used in this study are from the first wave of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. HILDA is a confidentialised file and is managed by the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research. The findings and views reported in the paper are from the author, and should not be attributed to the Melbourne Institute. A data appendix with additional results, and copies of the computer programs used to generate the results presented in the paper, are available from the author upon request.
AN INTELLIGENT AND REAL-TIME RANSOMWARE DETECTION TOOL USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM

Abstract Zero-day ransomware still threaten users’ and enterprises’ survival in the cyber-space by disturbing electronic amenities, damaging information systems, and causing data and money losses. The publically used anti-ransomware software are trying to mitigate this security issue, however they are limited at identifying zero-day ransomware variants effectively in the real-time without performance overhead. Thus, this paper proposed intelligent, real-time, and three-tier model of ransomware detection tool to be performed well for protecting windows-based information systems. The proposed ransomware detection tool comprises a hybrid machine learning algorithm which hybridizes the decisive functions of two topmost machine learning algorithms (Naïve Bays and Decision Tree) to holistically characterize and accurately classify zero-day ransomware variants in real-time application. Empirical, comparative and realistic assessments demonstrate the adaptability and effectiveness of the proposed ransomware detection tool versus zero-day ransomwares. It achieves approximate accuracy rate of (96. 27%) and mistake rate of (1.32%) along with low misclassifications throughout real-time practice.Zero-day ransomware still threaten users’ and enterprises’ survival in the cyber-space by disturbing electronic amenities, damaging information systems, and causing data and money losses. The publically used anti-ransomware software are trying to mitigate this security issue, however they are limited at identifying zero-day ransomware variants effectively in the real-time without performance overhead. Thus, this paper proposed intelligent, real-time, and three-tier model of ransomware detection tool to be performed well for protecting windows-based information systems. The proposed ransomware detection tool comprises a hybrid machine learning algorithm which hybridizes the decisive functions of two topmost machine learning algorithms (Naïve Bays and Decision Tree) to holistically characterize and accurately classify zero-day ransomware variants in real-time application. Empirical, comparative and realistic assessments demonstrate the adaptability and effectiveness of the proposed ransomware detection tool versus zero-day ransomwares. It achieves approximate accuracy rate of (96. 27%) and mistake rate of (1.32%) along with low misclassifications throughout real-time practice.
Early Initiation of ARV Therapy Among TB–HIV Patients in Indonesia Prolongs Survival Rates!

Background: The HIV epidemic remains a public health problem with rising tuberculosis (TB) numbers around the world. Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) is essential to increase the survival of patients with TB–HIV coinfection. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ARV treatment initiation within TB treatment duration for the survival of patients with TB–HIV coinfection. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with TB–HIV coinfection and who were ARV naive from Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital between January 2011 and May 2014 (N = 275). The Kaplan–Meier method, bivariate with the log rank test, and multivariate with the Cox regression were applied in this study. Results: Cumulative survival probability of the patients with TB–HIV coinfection receiving ARV in a year was 81.5%. The death rate in patients with TB–HIV coinfection who received late ART initiation during TB treatment is higher by 2.4 times [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–4.5, p = 0.006] compared with the patients who were in early ART initiation and were thereafter adjusted by the location of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Conclusion:The effect of ART initiation is essential in the intensive phase (2–8 weeks) of anti-TB medication to increase the survival among TB–HIV coinfection group.
Do Arab Women Behave Differently Online?

Number of women online is growing in scale justifying the call for research design to investigate women segments that are different form their men counterparts. The objective of this paper is to investigate women’s online behavior and aims to develop a profile for Arab women online. The women analyzed are experienced internet banking users from three Arab world countries (Jordan, Egypt & Saudi Arabia). The research model design is built on previous research findings using a reduced and extended version of the UTAUT model by adding web quality characteristics as an external variable. Data is collected using online and offline survey. Information obtained is tested using structural equation modeling and multigroup analyses. The findings depict an online profile for Arab women who appreciate web quality characteristics of technical issues as the most important feature followed by general content quality, appearance quality and special content quality. Age was not a real moderator in the model as younger and older women perceived web quality the same with regard to its impact on their future intentions or continuance use of internet banking; however, experience and education play an import role in depicting Arab women online profile.
DDDT_A_153719 2405..2412

National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK Abstract: Lumacaftor-ivacaftor is a combination of two small molecule therapies targeting the basic defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) at a cellular level. It is a precision medicine and its effects are specific to individuals with two copies of the p.Phe508del gene mutation. The drug combination works by restoring functioning CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein in cell surface membranes and was the first CFTR modulator licensed for the homozygous p.Phe508del genotype. The drug is a combination of aCFTRcorrector and potentiator. Lumacaftor, the corrector, works by increasing the trafficking of CFTR proteins to the outer cell membrane. Ivacaftor, the potentiator, works by enabling the opening of what would otherwise be a dysfunctional chloride channel. In vivo lumacaftor-ivacaftor improves Phe508del-CFTR activity in airways, sweat ducts and intestine to approximately 10–20% of normal CFTR function with greater reductions in sweat chloride levels in children versus adults. Its use results in a modest improvement in lung function and a decreased rate of subsequent decline. Perhapsmore importantly, those treated report increased levels of well-being and their rate of respiratory exacerbations is significantly improved. This review traces the development and use of this combination of CFTR modulators, the first licensed drug for treating the homozygous p.Phe508del CF genotype at the intracellular level by correcting the protein defect.
University of Groningen Parameter-free symmetry-preserving regularization modeling of a turbulent differentially heated cavity Trias,

Since direct numerical simulations of buoyancy driven flows cannot be computed at high Rayleigh numbers, a dynamically less complex mathematical formulation is sought. In the quest for such a formulation, we consider regularizations (smooth approximations) of the non-linearity: the convective term is altered to reduce the production of small scales of motion by means of vortex stretching. In doing so, we propose to preserve the symmetry and conservation properties of the convective terms exactly. This requirement yielded a novel class of regularizations [Comput Fluids 2008;37:887] that restrain the convective production of smaller and smaller scales of motion in an unconditionally stable manner, meaning that the velocity cannot blow up in the energy-norm (in 2D also: enstrophy-norm). The numerical algorithm used to solve the governing equations preserves the symmetry and conservation properties too. In the present work, a criterion to determine dynamically the regularization parameter (local filter length) is proposed: it is based on the requirement that the vortex stretching must stop at the scale set by the grid. Therefore, the proposed method constitutes a parameter-free turbulence model. The resulting regularization method is tested for a 3D natural convection flow in an air-filled (Pr = 0.71) differentially heated cavity of height aspect ratio 4. Direct comparison with DNS results at Rayleigh number 6.4 10 6 Ra 6 10 shows fairly good agreement even for very coarse grids. Finally, the robustness of the method is tested by performing simulations with Ra up to 10. A 2/7 scaling law of Nusselt number has been obtained for the investigated range of Ra. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of Roasting Time and Cryogenic Milling on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Dried Ginseng Powder

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of reduced particle size of ginseng by roasting and cryogenic milling on increasing its water solubility and physiological activity. The samples were roasted for different times (9–21 min) and generated in different sizes (10–50, and >50 μm). All roasted samples revealed significantly smaller particle sizes than did non-roasted samples, based on Sauter mean diameter (D [3,2], p < 0.05). Furthermore, the particle sizes of roasted samples decreased until roasting up to 15 min. In terms of the water solubility index (WSI), antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), and total polysaccharides according to particle size, 10–20 μm-sized samples showed the highest values when compared with >50 μm-sized samples. Based on roasting time, WSI values of all samples roasted for up to 15 min were higher than those of the control (not roasted) (p < 0.05). Antioxidant activity and TPC also increased with increasing roasting time. Total polysaccharide content was the highest upon roasting for 15 min, except for the 10–20 μm sample. Ginsenoside content of roasted samples >20 μm size was higher than that of the control (not roasted) except after 15 min of roasting. Therefore, roasting and cryogenic milling are effective in producing ginseng root powder.
Simulating cilia-driven mixing and transport in complex geometries

Cilia and flagella are self-actuated microtubule-based structures that are present on many cell surfaces, ranging from the outer surface of single-cell organisms to the internal epithelial surfaces in larger animals. A fast and robust numerical method that simulates the coupled hydrodynamics of cilia and the constituent particles in the fluid such as rigid particles, drops or cells would be useful to not only understand several disease and developmental pathologies due to ciliary dysfunction but also to design microfluidic chips with ciliated cultures for some targeted functionality---e.g., maximizing fluid transport or particle mixing. In this paper, we develop a hybrid numerical method that employs a boundary integral method for handling the confining geometries and the constituent rigid particles and the method of regularized Stokeslets for handling the cilia. We provide several examples demonstrating the effects of confining geometries on cilia-generated fluid mixing as well as the cilia-particle hydrodynamics.
Inner-Heliosphere Signatures of Ion-Scale Dissipation and Nonlinear Interaction

We perform a statistical study of the turbulent power spectrum at inertial and kinetic scales observed during the first perihelion encounter of Parker Solar Probe. We find that often there is an extremely steep scaling range of the power spectrum just above the ion-kinetic scales, similar to prior observations at 1 AU, with a power-law index of around $-4$. Based on our measurements, we demonstrate that either a significant ($>50\%$) fraction of the total turbulent energy flux is dissipated in this range of scales, or the characteristic nonlinear interaction time of the turbulence decreases dramatically from the expectation based solely on the dispersive nature of nonlinearly interacting kinetic Alfven waves.
Robust control of a not gate by composite pulses

We present a general procedure to implement a NOT gate by composite pulses robust against both offset uncertainties and control field variations. We define different degrees of robustness in this two-parameter space, namely along one, two or all directions. We show that the phases of the composite pulse satisfy a nonlinear system, and can be computed analytically or numerically.