Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative fine structure of sperm of Heterodera schachtii and Punctodera chalcoensis, with phylogenetic implications for Heteroderinae (Nemata: Heteroderidae)

The fine structure of sperm of Heterodera schachtii and Punctodera chalcoensis demonstrates a high degree of interspecific morphological and developmental diversity, particularly in comparison with previously examined Heteroderinae that develop cysts, including Globodera tabacum, as well as out-groups that lack cysts, including species of Verutus, Meloidodera , and Ekphymatodera . Sperm of l? chalcoensis are much smaller and have fewer filopodia than those of species of Heterodera and Globodera. However, the distribution of filopodia on only part of the body, the smooth surface of the filopodia, and the presence of cortical microtubules are traits shared by the three genera with cysts. Unique features shared by l? chalcoensis and Globodera species include the short persistence of fibrous bodies after spermiogenesis and the lack of sperm polarization in the female genital tract. These traits are absent in Heterodera species. Conversely, chromatin remains unchanged with respect to condensation during sperm development in l? chalcoensis and species of Heterodera but not in Globodera. Patterns of evolution of sperm may be useful for testing hypotheses of the phylogeny of Heteroderinae, but the diversity is so great that character coding will be required for a large number of representative species. RCsumC : L'ultrastructure des spermatozoi'des d'Heterodera schachtii et de Punctodera chalcoensis reflktent une importante diversitk interspkcifique, tant du point de vue de la morphologie que du point de vue du dkveloppement, surtout en comparaison des conditions qui prkvalent chez d'autres Heteroderinae qui produisent des kystes, notamment Globodera tabacum, et chez des groupes externes qui ne produisent pas de kystes tels Verutus, Meloidodera et Ekphymatodera. Les spermatozoi'des de l? chalcoensis sont beaucoup plus petits et comportent moins de filopodes que ceux des espkces d'Heterodera et de Globodera. Cependant, la rkpartition des filopodes seulement sur une partie du corps, leur surface lisse et la prksence de microtubules corticaux existent chez les trois genres qui produisent des kystes. Parmi les caractkristiques que I'on ne retrouve que chez l? chalcoensis et chez les espkces de Globodera, il faut mentionner la persistance des corps fibreux pour une courte piriode aprks la spermiogenkse et I'absence de polarisation des spermatozoi'des dans le canal genital femelle. Ces caractkristiques sont absentes chez Heterodera. En revanche, la chromatine reste inchangke et ne se condense pas au cours de la spermatogenkse chez l? chalcoensis et les espkces d'Heterodera, caractiristique absente chez Globodera. Les patterns d'kvolution des spermatozoi'des peuvent s'avkrer trks utiles pour kprouver diverses hypothkses de phylogknie des Heteroderinae, mais la diversitk est telle qu'il faudra prockder au codage des caractkres chez bon nombre d'espkces reprksentatives. (Traduit par la Rkdaction)
VALIDATION OF THE SUMMARY OF DIABETES SELF-CARE ACTIVITIES (SDSCA) IN MALAY LANGUAGE FOR MALAYSIAN ADULTS

The aim of this study was to validate Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities into Malay version for adults. This was a cross-sectional study where the recruitment was conducted in Seremban 2 Health Clinic, Negeri Sembilan from December 2014 until January 2015. The validation of SDSCA questionnaire involves three phases; translation, pre-test and fieldwork. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha while Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to determine the validity of SDSCA. There are two results were generated for validity. The first analysis used items 1, 2, 3 and 5A (Diet); items 5 and 6 (Exercise); 7 and 8 (Sugar); and items 9 and 10 (Foot care). The second analysis used items 1, 2, 3 and 5A (Diet); items 5 and 6 (Exercise); 7 and 8 (Sugar); and items 9A and 11A (Foot care). Both approaches in the analysis used same dataset except for the selection of the items under domain of foot care. A total of 225 patients with a mean (SD) age of 53.5 (9.8) years participated in the study. The internal consistencies for the main domains were between 0.651 and 0.905. The factor construct of SDSCA-Malay was successful with minimum factor loading of 0.6 since the factorizations are following the original version with four main domains (Diet, Exercise, Sugar and Foot care). The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) for Malaysian Adults is reliable and valid to be used for Malaysian setting.
Risk-taking under Different Welfare-state Regimes: Some Experimental Evidence

In this paper we investigate risk-taking under different welfare-state regimes. We provide a simple model of the welfare state where individuals have to meet a minimum income in order to enable social participation. We analyze optimum investment behavior under different need-based redistribution schemes. The model is tested in a laboratory experiment where subjects have to decide from under a veil of ignorance on how much of their initial endowments they want to invest into a risky and productive asset. We show that need-based redistribution generally decreases inequality and increases efficiency by stimulating higher investments. Means-tested need-based redistribution is most efficient but leads to more inequality than lump-sum transfer.
Near-optimal tensor methods for minimizing gradient norm

Motivated by convex problems with linear constraints and, in particular, by entropy-regularized optimal transport, we consider the problem of ﬁnding approximate stationary points, i.e. points with the norm of the objective gradient less than small error, of convex functions with Lipschitz p-th order derivatives. Lower complexity bounds for this problem were recently proposed in [Grapiglia and Nesterov, arXiv:1907.07053]. However, the methods presented in the same paper do not have optimal complexity bounds. We propose two optimal up to logarithmic factors methods with complexity bounds with respect to the initial objective residual and the distance between the starting point and solution respectively.
Antibacterial Studies on Extracts of Three Species of Glaucium. from Iran

ABSTRACT The antibacterial activity of Glaucium grandiflorum. Boiss. & Huet, G. oxylobum. Boiss. & Buhse, and G. paucilobum. Freyn, native plants of Iran, was studied using the disk diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against Staphylococcus aureus. PTCC 1112, Streptococcus sanguis. PTCC 1449, Escherichia coli. PTCC 1330, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PTCC 1074, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. PTCC 1053. The methanol and chloroform extracts of the aerial parts of G. grandiflorum. , G. oxylobum. , and G. paucilobum. exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The methanol and chloroform extracts were more active against Gram-negative microorganisms (Escherichia coli., Pseudomonas aeruginosa., Klebsiella pneumoniae.). The chloroform extracts were found to be most effective against all tested strains.
An Efficient and Cost-Effective Power Scheduling in Zero-Emission Ferry Ships

Today’s remarkable challenge of maritime transportation industry is the detrimental contamination generation from fossil fuels. To tackle such a challenge and reduce the contribution into air pollution, different power solutions have been considered; among others, hybrid energy-based solutions are powering many ferry boats. This paper introduces an energy management strategy (EMS) for a hybrid energy system (HES) of a ferry boat with the goal to optimize the performance and reduce the operation cost. HES considered for the ferry boat consists of different devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), LI-ION battery bank, and cold ironing (CI). PEMFC systems are appropriate to employ as they are not polluting. The battery bank compensates for the abrupt variations of the load as the fuel cell has a slow dynamic against sudden changes of the load. Also, CI systems can improve the reduction of the expenses of energy management, during hours where the ferry boat is located at the harbor. To study the performance, cost and the pollution contribution CO2, NOX, SOX of the proposed hybrid energy management strategy (HEMS), we compare it against three various types of HEM from the state-of-the-art and also available rule-based methods in the literature. The analysis results show a high applicability of the proposed HES. All results in this paper have been obtained in the MATLAB software environment.
From Coffee to Biodiesel—Deep Eutectic Solvents for Feedstock and Biodiesel Purification

Over three billion cups of coffee are consumed daily, making waste coffee grounds readily available throughout the world. Containing approximately 10–15 wt% of oil, they have great potential for biodiesel production. The goal of this work was to produce high quality biodiesel from waste coffee grounds. One fresh and four different types of waste coffee grounds were collected. Oil was extracted by the Soxhlet method with n-hexane and then purified via extractive deacidification with a potassium carbonate-based deep eutectic solvent. Biodiesels were synthesized by means of alkali catalyzed transesterification at different catalyst:methanol:oil mass ratios and reaction times. Impurities present in crude biodiesels were extracted with a choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent. All batch extraction experiments were performed at room conditions in a small scale extractor. Optimal conditions for synthesis and purification were defined in order to assure high quality of the produced biodiesel. Additionally, continuous column extraction with the choline chloride-based solvent was tested as a purification method for crude biodiesel. Stabilization time and optimal biodiesel to solvent mass ratio were determined. The potassium carbonate-based solvent efficiently reduced the total acid number of the feedstock (deacidification efficiency ranged from 86.18 to 94.15%), while the one based on choline chloride removed free glycerol and glycerides from crude biodiesels. After continuous purification, the purified biodiesel was of excellent quality with glycerol and glyceride contents below the EN 14214 limit.
Formal Definition of Model Reduction

Eq (1) is shown schematically in the upper part of Fig 2. There are three global matrices, the mass matrix M, the damping matrix E and the stiffness matrix K, additionally the state vector x, that includes all degrees of freedom (one node could have several degrees of freedom, for example in structural mechanics UX, UY, and UZ), and the load. The goal is to reduce the number of degrees of freedom in Eq (1) in the state vector (and hence in the matrices), in order to solve it fast at system level. For a thermal problem, the mass matrix does not exist (M = 0), the damping matrix is the heat capacity matrix, the stiffness matrix is the heat conductivity matrix, and, in this case, the number of nodes is equal to the number of degrees of freedom (a node has just TEMP). In the last 20 years, this problem has been extensively researched by mathematicians (see Fig 3). Before we consider this, let us introduce in Eq (1) inputs and outputs, as these terms are not present directly at the level of the finite element modeling. Let us start with the load that could be time dependent f(t). The goal would be to split it to a combination of constant vectors bi and time dependent functions u(t)
Clonal and spatial genetic structure in a population of the endangered herb Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana (Amaryllidaceae)

For plant species reproducing both sexually and vegetatively, the spatial distribution of clones generally affects the levels of biparental inbreeding and apparent selfing rate, produced via mating by proximity through limited pollen dispersal. We used allozyme loci, join-count statistics, and Moran's spatial autocorrelation statistics to separate the spatial genetic structure caused by clonal reproduction from that maintained in sexually reproducing individuals in a population of Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana. Join-count statistics showed that there were statistically significant clustering of clonal genotypes at short distances 2 m. Both the entire population and the set of sexually reproduced individuals exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation on a scale of 2-6 m in an isolation-by-distance manner due to the limited seed and pollen dispersal, which is consistent with a neighborhood size of about 25.
The Effect of Voting Procedures on the Acceptance of Redistributive Taxation. Evidence from a Two-Stage Real-Effort Laboratory Experiment

This study explores the effect of voting procedure on the acceptance of redistribution in the context of a simplified Meltzer-Richard (1981) model. In a series of laboratory experiments, we test the effect of majority voting, unanimous consent and random dictatorship on subjects’ acceptance of the implemented tax rate, whereas acceptance is measured in terms of subjective satisfaction and effort reduction. We find that acceptance of the implemented tax rate is significantly higher under unanimous consent compared to the majority voting and random dictator procedures. This effect also holds for those who lost the election. Losers’ acceptance of the implemented tax rate is significantly higher in the treatment unanimous consent compared to majority voting and a random dictator. Although our data shows that the net payers of redistribution reduce their effort in the next round, the voting procedure exerts no direct or indirect effect on subjects’ likelihood to reduce effort.
Modelling of the real-time control system for a nuclear fusion experiment using Uppaal

Recent nuclear fusion experiments require a real-time control system to improve plasma con nement and suppress its magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. Referring to the RFX experiment (Padua, Italy), we want to model its real-time control system with the tool Uppaal. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse how the system's behavior changes according to the di erent schedulers and their con gurations. Two categories of scheduler for real-time threads are considered: scheduler with xed assignment and Linux 2.6 free scheduler. The results obtained show that xed assignment with a one-to-one thread-core relationship guarantees better performance for the RFX control system. Moreover, the simulations performed show the modelling limitations due to the performance of the Uppaal veri cation engine.
Origin and evolution of new exons in the rodent zinc finger protein 39 gene

The origin of new structures and functions is an important process in evolution. In the past decades, we have obtained some preliminary knowledge of the origin and evolution of new genes. However, as the basic unit of genes, the origin and evolution of exons remain unclear. Because young exons retain the footprints of origination, they can be good materials for studying origin and evolution of new exons. In this paper, we report two young exons in a zinc finger protein gene of rodents. Since they are unique sequences in mouse and rat genome and no homologous sequences were found in the orthologous genes of human and pig, the young exons might originate after the divergence of primates and rodents through exonization of intronic sequences. Strong positive selection was detected in the new exons between mouse and rat, suggesting that these exons have undergone significant functional divergence after the separation of the two species. On the other hand, population genetics data of mouse demonstrate that the new exons have been subject to functional constraint, indicating an important function of the new exons in mouse. Functional analyses suggest that these new exons encode a nuclear localization signal peptide, which may mediate new ways of nuclear protein transport. To our knowledge, this is the first example of the origin and evolution of young exons.
Effectiveness and target-specificity of a novel design of food dispenser to deliver a toxin to feral swine in the United States

There are no registered toxins available for use on Feral Swine (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus) in the United States. HOGGONE® is a proprietary bait matrix under development in Australia that delivers toxic levels of sodium nitrite to feral swine. However, one challenge is to develop a species-specific oral delivery system to deliver toxins to feral swine in the USA while minimizing non-target wildlife exposure. The HOGHOPPER™ is a lightweight and portable bait delivery system that could overcome this problem. Our objective was to compare non-toxic HOGGONE removal by wildlife that visited HOGHOPPERS during acclimation periods (doors open; free-feeding stage) and activation periods (doors closed; simulated toxic stage) at sites throughout the United States. We conducted 38 HOGHOPPER trials on private and public land in Alabama, Florida, Oklahoma, and Texas, and determined species-specific visitation and HOGGONE removal rates using motion-sensing digital camera systems. We found activated HOGHOPPERS to successfully exclude all wildlife except feral swine and Raccoon (Procyon lotor, Linnaeus). For raccoons the number of baits removed per 24h was reduced by 92% during the HOGHOPPER activation period. No other wildlife removed HOGGONE from HOGHOPPERS. During trials in which raccoon breaches occurred, an extended acclimation period was used. To minimize raccoon exposure risks, an abbreviated acclimation period of ≤ 14d should be used with the HOGHOPPER. This will decrease the likelihood that raccoons learn how to access HOGGONE from the HOGHOPPER. Further experimentation is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of toxic HOGGONE at controlling feral swine populations.
Multidisciplinary Team Approach to Prevent HF Readmissions in Rural Areas

Background: Despite the national efforts to decrease 30-days hospital readmissions, readmission remains a challenge for healthcare organizations across the continuum of care. The aim of this quality improve project was to develop and implement a multidisciplinary team approach to provide education to patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure (CHF) to improve 30-day hospital readmissions. Method: This project was conducted in a critical access hospital in Northeast Washington. Using a pre-post design, we evaluated the 30-day readmission before and after implementing the multidisciplinary education program for patients hospitalized with CHF. The education focused on disease management, discharge education, pharmacy consult and medication education, and follow up discharge call within 14 days post discharge. Data were collected from chart reviews. Results: There were 42 patients in the pretest and 52 in the posttest. Patients in the posttest were significantly older (75.77 years) than those in the pretest (66.81 years), p<0.001. There were two readmissions in the pretest group (4.8%) and zero (0%) in the posttest group. Statistical test was not performed due to the low incidence. We found that the length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the posttest than in the pretest (1.5 days vs. 4.08 days, p<0.001). Conclusion: This project provided a comprehensive educational approach to decrease 30-days readmission. Although the multidisciplinary approach showed improvement in practice standardization, it was not possible to perform a statistical test due to low incident. Continue the current process and extend data collection should be done to determine the impact of the intervention.
APPLICATION OF THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (Review)

At present the main kind of engines used in the drives of automotive, ship and railway transportation, agricultural machinery and quite a number of other machines and units are internal combustion engines (ICE) [1]. The main causes for lowering and loss of ICE serviceability are abrasive wear in friction pairs (piston rings and sleeves, crankshaft slide bearings, distribution shaft cams, etc.), cavitation wear (cylinder sleeves) and corrosion-mechanical wear (valve disc and seat) [1]. In addition, quite important is effective insulation of the combustion chamber with thermalbarrier coating (TBC) which enables redistribution of dissipated heat in such a way as to minimize its losses through the cooling system and exhaust gas removal system. Piston corrosion is caused by vanadium oxide and sulphide precipitates that are highly aggressive at temperatures of the surface of combustion chamber parts (400—500 °C). Improvement of antifriction properties of the parts allows lowering friction losses, which in the above components are equal to 50 % of total mechanical losses in the engine, and, thus, increasing the cost-effectiveness of its operation. The most promising method to lower the temperature of ICE parts, improve wear resistance of friction pairs, and protection from corrosion, is development of thermal barrier, wearand corrosion-resistant coatings on part surface. Figure 1 shows car parts with TBC. SULZER METCO is the best known abroad company involved in development and sale of equipment and manufacturing of consumable materials for deposition of various-purpose coatings. Given below is the information on coating materials most often applied for coatings used for repair of automotive parts. At repair of braking system parts (brake discs, brake blocks) plasma coatings from Al2O3⋅3TiO2, Ni5Mo5.5Al and molybdenum powders are used to improve the braking process, lower the weight, and extend the service life of discs and blocks. For engine system parts exposed to wear in service (piston rings, diesel injector, distribution shaft, crankshaft) plasma coatings from molybdenum and Mo—NiCrBSi powders, flame coatings from Fe38Ni10Al and Fe13Cr wires, coatings applied by arc metallizing from (WC— 12Co)38.8Ni6Cr wire and coatings applied by supersonic flame spraying from Cr3C2 and Cr3C2—NiCr powders are used, which ensure high jamming resistance, high wear resistance, reduced friction, saving on costs, and extension of component service life. At corrosion (valve stem, exhaust sensor) plasma coatings from spinel powders and coatings from aluminium wire spray-deposited by arc metallizing are applied, which extend the valve life and ensure oxygen control. At oxidation (oxygen sensors) plasma coatings from ceramic powders and at high temperatures (piston top) – plasma coatings from ZrO2—Y2O3 powders are applied for erosion protection, which ensure lowering of surface erosion and heat losses, thermal insulation, increase of engine operation effectiveness, and extension of piston operation term. To avoid weight increase because of heavy cast iron inserts,