Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TGF- (cid:1) maintains dormancy of prostatic stem cells in the proximal region of ducts

e have previously shown that prostatic stem cells are located in the proximal region of mouse prostatic ducts. Here, we show that this region responds differently to transforming growth factor (TGF)- (cid:1) than the distal ductal region and that under physiological conditions androgens and TGF- (cid:1) are cru-cial overall regulators of prostatic tissue homeostasis. This conclusion is supported by the observations showing that high levels of TGF- (cid:1) signaling are present in the quiescent proximal region of ducts in an androgen-replete animal and that cells in this region overexpress Bcl-2, which protects them from apoptosis. Moreover, androgen ablation W reverses the proximal-distal TGF- (cid:1) signaling gradient, leading to an increase in TGF- (cid:1) signaling in the unpro-tected distal region (low Bcl-2 expression). This reversal of TGF- (cid:1) –mediated signaling accompanies apoptosis of cells in the distal region and gland involution after androgen withdrawal. A physiological TGF- (cid:1) signaling gradi-ent (high proximally and low distally) and its functional correlates are restored after androgen replenishment. In addition to highlighting the regulatory role of androgens and TGF- (cid:1) , these ﬁndings may have important implica-tions for the deregulation of the stem cell compartment in the etiology of proliferative prostatic diseases.
The Concept Framework of Structural Equation model of Mobile Cloud Learning Acceptance for Higher Education Students in the 21 st Century

– This research’s part is in the structural equation model of mobile cloud learning acceptance for higher education students in the 21 st century as its objective is to synthesize and design the framework of this model. The methods of this research are divided into 2 parts which are synthesis, combining it to process the mode and designing framework concept. The findings of this research are as the following:
A parametric extension of Haskell's type classes

Haskell's type classes permit the definition of overloaded operators in a rigorous and general manner that integrate well with the underlying Hindley-Milner type system. As a result, operators that are monomorphic in other typed languages can be given a more general type. Most notably missing in Haskell, however, are overloaded functions over container structures. Such overloaded functions are quite useful, but the current Haskell type system is not expressive enough to support them. This thesis introduces the notion of parametric type classes and a new type system as a significant generalization of Haskell's type classes. A parametric type class is a class that has type parameters in addition to the placeholder variable which is always present in a class declaration. Haskell's type classes are special instances of parametric type classes with just a placeholder but no parameters. We show that this generalization is essential to representing container structures with overloaded data constructor and selector operations. The underlying type system supporting our proposed generalization is a version of the Hindley-Milner type system, extended to include a form of constrained quantification. In the extended system, type classes act as constraints on the quantification and instantiation of type variables. This is achieved by putting class constraints on quantified type variables and adding a separate constraint inference sub-system to the standard type inference engine. We prove that the resulting type system is decidable, and provide an effective type inference algorithm to compute the principal types for well-typed terms. The meaning of a program in our system is described by translating the program, based on its typing derivation, to a program defined in a language that includes constructs for manipulating overloading explicitly. We present a method for extending the type inference algorithm to perform the translation and prove that the resulting algorithm computes the principal translations for well-typed terms. Furthermore, since interpretations of well-typed expressions follow the typing derivations and an expression can be type-checked in more than one way, it is necessary to ensure the coherence of this translation scheme. This is accomplished by defining the corresponding coherence conditions.
Accelerating PNG Encoding in Hardware

—The objective of this work is to develop an Intellectual Property (IP) subsystem for Portable Network Graphics (PNG) encoders, capable of operating at 30 frames per second (FPS) with the Video Graphics Array (VGA) standard when embedded system on chip hardware. The developed IP subsystem comprises an ARM Cortex A9 CPU running at 667 MHz, coupled with a hardware IP module that implements the LZ77 algorithm, running at 100 MHz. The LZ77 compression step is the most time consuming of the tasks involved in the encoder when done in software, and the LZ77 hardware module accelerates its execution by a factor of 40 when compared with the software-only implementation running on the ARM system. The operation of the LZ77 IP is similar to that of a content-addressable memory, which is a well known technique to implement dictionaries in hardware. The proposed solution is implemented on an FPGA board, using a Xilinx Zynq 7000 device. Although the LZ77 IP has achieved 82.2 fps in VGA, thus exceeding the objective set for this work (30 fps) by roughly two times, the whole PNG encoder is only capable of achieving 3.5 fps, which is three times thrice as fast as its software-only implementation. For the encoder to be capable of operating at 30 fps, other functions need hardware acceleration as well, such as the input image ﬁlter, the entropy coder, and the bit stream packer. Additionally, the whole software base needs signiﬁcant optimizations for that to be possible.
Effect of Global and Local Brightness on Quality of 3D and 2D Visual Perception

—There are several different factors that affect the perceived quality of 3D content. Our objective in this paper is to investigate how the global and local change of brightness in a scene will affect the overall 3D visual perception. Our work contains two studies: 1) global change of brightness, which is achieved by setting different exposure times on the camera, and 2) local change of brightness, where the brightness of the background is consistent and the object’s brightness is changed using an external light source and/or a reflector disk. Subjective evaluations were performed, with the subjects being asked to rate the 3D perceptual quality of each sequence. The results of both studies demonstrate marginal difference in the brightness effects between 3D and 2D videos. The latter study showed that the Weber contrast between objects of interest and background should be within the range of -0.35 to 0.55 to provide viewers with high quality 3D experience.
The Oxidative Status and Na+/K+-ATPase Activity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Case Control Study

Background Oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of some psychiatric disorders. To examine the role of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), we aimed to determine oxidative stress indices, including malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and red blood cells (RBC) membrane, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum glutathione (GSH) levels, serum antioxidant vitamins (A and E), and Na+/K+-ATPase activity, in patients with the mentioned disorder vs. healthy controls. Method 39 OCD patients diagnosed based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) and 39 volunteer healthy subjects were included in this study. MDA levels in serum and RBC membrane were measured using fluorometric method. Serum TAC level, serum GSH level, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were also measured using spectrophotometric methods. Serum levels of vitamins were calculated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Result There was a significantly higher MDA level in serum (p < 0.0001) and RBC membrane (p = 0.002) of OCD patients compared with those in controls. A significant reduction in vitamin A (p = 0.001) and vitamin E (p = 0.024) levels was found in OCD patients vs. controls. There was significantly lower activity of erythrocyte membrane Na+/K+-ATPase in RBC membrane of OCD patients vs. controls (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our findings indicate significantly higher levels MDA in both serum and RBC membrane, lower levels of serum vitamins A and E, and lower activity of membrane Na+/K+-ATPase in OCD patients compared to controls. These suggest an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant factors in OCD patients that might play a fundamental role in the etiopathogenesis of OCD.
Differential protease, innate immunity, and NF- (cid:1) B induction proﬁles during lung inﬂammation induced by subchronic cigarette smoke exposure in mice

Anderson. Differential protease, innate immunity, and NF- (cid:1) B induction proﬁles during lung inﬂammation induced by subchronic cigarette smoke exposure in mice. Am J Physiol Physiol L931–L945, 2006. smoke exposure is a major determinant of adverse lung health, but the molecular processes underlying its effects on inﬂammation and immunity remain poorly understood. Therefore, we sought to understand whether inﬂammatory and host defense determinants are affected during subchronic cigarette smoke exposure. Dose-response and time course studies of lungs from Balb/c mice exposed to smoke generated from 3, 6, and 9 cigarettes/day for 4 days showed macrophage- and S100A8-positive neutrophil-rich inﬂammation in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) ﬂuid, matrix metalloproteinase pathogenic mechanisms by cigarette smoke in the lungs and alteration of host defense. Sections were blocked for 1 h innormal blocking serum, and primary antibody was incubated at a 1:200 dilution (1.5% blocking solution in PBS) overnight at 4°C. Control sections were incubated in the absence of primary antibody. Sections were incubated with biotinylated secondary antibody and subsequent immunoperox-idase staining using diaminobenzidine chromogen as a substrate as per manufacturer’s instructions. Sections were lightly counterstained with hematoxylin.
Artiﬁcial Intelligence Paradigms and the Future of Learning: What a Partial Review of Half a Century of AI Conceptualization Suggests

Joseph Makokha was born, raised and educated in Kenya. He obtained a BSEE degree from the University of Nairobi before moving to the United States, where he earned two masters degrees in education before starting his doctoral studies in mechanical engineering at Stanford University focussing on design. He researches human collaboration with artificial intelligence (AI), with the goal of understanding how to design AI that augments humans on thinking tasks.
Optimal Monetary Responses to Oil Discoveries CAMA Working Paper 37/2014 May 2014

This paper studies how monetary policy should respond to news about an oil discovery, using a workhorse New Keynesian model. Good news about future production can create a recession today under exchange rate pegs and a simple Taylor rule, as seen in practice. This is explained by forward-looking inflation. Recession is avoided by a Taylor rule that accommodates changes in the natural level of output, which closely approximates optimal policy. Central banks have an incentive to exploit oil revenues by appreciating the terms of trade, creating “Dutch disease” and a deflationary bias which is overcome by committing to future policy. T H E A U S T R A L I A N N A T I O N A L U N I V E R S I T Y
A Phase I/II Study of Cyclophosphamide and Topotecan in Patients with High-Risk Malignancies Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: The St. Jude Long-term Follow-up

Fifty-eight consecutive children with high-risk malignancies were treated with cyclophosphamide and targeted topotecan followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) in a phase I/II IRB-approved study. Twelve participants enrolled in phase I; 5 received dose level 1 of topotecan 3mg/m 2 /day with subsequent doses targeted to total systemic exposure of 100 ± 20 ng °hr/ml and cyclophosphamide 750mg/m 2 /day. Seven participants received dose level 2. Cyclophosphamide dose escalation to 1g/m 2 /day irreversible veno-occlusive disease and 2 experienced reversible hepatotoxicity. These adverse events halted further dose escalation. Forty-six participants were enrolled in phase II; results are on the 51 participants who received therapy at dose level 1, the maximum tolerated dose. Diagnoses included neuroblastoma (26), sarcoma (9), lymphoma (8), brain tumors (5), Wilms (2) and retinoblastoma (1). Twenty participants (39.3%) were in ≥ CR1 at enrollment; median age was 5.1 years. Most common non-hematologic grade 3/4 toxicity was gastrointestinal (n=37). Neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred at a median of 15 and 24 days, respectively. Twenty-six (51%) remain alive at a median of 6.4 years after AHCT. Cyclophosphamide 3.75g/m 2 and targeted topotecan followed by AHCT is feasible and produces acceptable toxicity in children with high-risk malignancies.
Communal Recommendation Based On Liquidiation Online Voting

: It reminds us to be relayed to the results of a large number of lists, especially inside and by means of one end of the query to the search engine results page that I have other Diner, especially QDMiner. Draws a heart from the huge list for freedom at HTML tags, and restores the land as it is at the top of the event search engine, which is their company, in a single line. The purpose of the products they offer, and the rank and gleaning their products, depending on the method of teaching and raw milk products come in a lot. The Lord's best results. Any kind of knowledge that I recommend depends on the media, not of our competition. Find the main object of the rabbit's eyes. We must warn the solution after the consultation in order to explain in my questionnaire of numbered items, along with QDMiner and his eyes immediately adjunction of with that of free people HTML tags that will repeat regional results. Of the search engines at the top we personally assess them out of the dubbing of the upcoming album and are unable to be found by means of light eyes. This questionnaire is better to find similar and raw careers matching each other's face. Penalty of the detailed list Experimental results show that a lot of useful items and questionnaires presented to them can be found. The QDMiner method does not depend on any particular target type. Therefore, to cope with the opening can be a command domain Depends on the query One more is our inspection, they spin out of the eye at the top of each inbound document from the diagram of the query on behalf of.
PII: S0031-9201(00)00216-8

Based on two datasets of sea surface height (SSH) variations, the Parallel Ocean Climate Model (POCM) [J. Geophys. Res. 101 (C10) (1996) 25779] and the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimeter, we have analyzed the effect of SSH variations on gravity observations. For this purpose, we first estimated the steric component of SSH variations which we characterized by a thermal steric coefficient relating the sea surface temperature (SST) to SSH. The steric coefficient was estimated on each ocean mesh by assuming a simple linear relation ship between the time variations in the SSH and SST fields. We obtained a value of 0.60× 10−2 m/◦C averaged over the central parts of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. We then estimated the annual gravity change by calculating the effects of the solid tide, ocean tide, polar motion and SSH variations. The predicted values at the three observation sites (i.e. Esashi in Japan, Canberra in Australia and Syowa Station in Antarctica) were compared with the actual data obtained from the superconducting gravimeters installed at these three sites. The results of the comparison indicate that the predictions agree with the observations within 20% in amplitude (i.e. within 0.2 mGal, where 1mGal = 1× 10−8 ms−2) and 20◦ in phase at each observation site for both SSH datasets of the POCM and T/P. We have also tested other values for the steric coefficient, i.e. 0.0×10−2 and 1.0×10−2 m/◦C, but find that the fit-to-gravity observations made at the mid-latitudes is clearly better at 0.60×10−2 m/◦C. It is noted that our gravity observations point to a value of steric coefficient similar to that independently determined from the relationship between the SSH and SST data. We have also tried to investigate the effects of SSH on the gravity observations in other frequency bands. Among these effects, one of the interesting results is the gravity changes induced by ENSO-like ocean oscillations. Our computations suggest that the oscillations contribute 2–3 mGal in peak-to-peak amplitude to gravity variations in the equatorial Pacific at the maximum. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Virtualized Sensor System: an Access Uniﬁcation and Software-deﬁned Sensors

—As the growth and the spread of Internet of Things (IoT), various context-aware applications, which determine their behaviors based on the recognized context, are widely studied and developed. To develop such applications, an application programmer has to understand every sensor’s speciﬁcation, e.g., access method (i.e., how to get a current value), for handling all the necessary sensors. Moreover, even some sensors are the same types, e.g., temperature sensors, they may have different units of values, hence, the uniﬁcation of each sensor’s unit may be required. These make some inexperienced programmers hard to develop context-aware applications. In this paper, we present a novel middleware named Virtualized Sensor System (VSS) , which provides some features for application programmers as follows: (i) provides uniﬁed methods to access every sensor in the system without any knowledge of their speciﬁcations, and (ii) can create new software-deﬁned sensors by composing of some hardware sensors. To help to create a new software-deﬁned sensor , we present a new markup language, Virtual Sensor Markup Language (VSML) . Our proposed system VSS and markup language VSML can make the developments of the context-aware applications using various sensors easy even if an application programmer is inexperienced in them.
RICCATI EQUATIONS AND NONOSCILLATORY SOLUTIONS OF THIRD ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

We study the existence of special solutions of second order Riccati type equations. We apply these results to third order linear differential equations with almost constant coefficients. We give new sufficient conditions to know the asymptotic behavior of the logarithmic derivative of a solution y. We recover Poincare and Perron's results and other asymptotic formulae. Furthermore, we obtain some weaker versions of Levinson and Hartman-Wintner type Theorems.
Real metrology by using depth map information

Usually in an image no real information about the scene’s depth (in terms of absolute distance) is available. In this paper, a method that extracts real depth measures is developed. This approach starts considering a region located in the center of the depth map. This region can be positioned, interactively, in any part of the depth map in order to measure the real distance of every object inside the scene. The histogram local maxima of this region are determined. Among these values the biggest, that represents the gray-level of the most considerable object, is chosen. This gray-level is used in an exponential mapping function that converts, using the input camera settings, the depth map gray-levels into real measures. Experiments over a large dataset of images show good performances in terms of accuracy and reliability.
A tumor-associated (cid:2) 1 integrin mutation that abrogates epithelial differentiation control

CC4 human keratinocytes are derived from a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and undergo very little spontaneous differentiation. Introduction of a wild-type (cid:2) 1 integrin subunit into SCC4 cells stimulates differentiation, suggesting either that the cells have a defect in the integrin signaling pathways that control differentiation or that the (cid:2) 1 subunit itself is defective. Here we describe a heterozygous mutation in the SCC4 (cid:2) 1 subunit. The mutation, T188I, maps to the I-like domain. It results in constitutive activation of ligand binding, irrespective of the partner (cid:3) subunit, in solid phase assays with recombinant protein and in living cells. The mutation promotes cell spreading, S but not proliferation, motility, or invasiveness. It results in sustained activation of Erk MAPK independent of cell spreading. When introduced into SCC4 keratinocytes, the wild-type (cid:2) 1 integrin stimulates differentiation, whereas the mutant is inactive. Activation of (cid:2) 1 integrins in normal keratinocytes also suppresses differentiation. These results establish, for the ﬁrst time, mutation as a mechanism by into how integrins regulate keratinocyte differentiation.
Towards a framework to evaluate the ‘total’ performance of buildings

Internationally, buildings are a major contributor to carbon emissions. Despite significant advances in the technology and construction of energy-efficient buildings, in many cases a performance gap between designed and actual performance exists. While much research has investigated the drivers of the building energy performance gap – both static and transient– there has been considerably less research into the total performance gap, defined here as performance gaps in building energy use, occupant satisfaction and Indoor Environmental Quality parameters such as thermal comfort and air quality which may impact on occupant health and wellbeing. This paper presents a meta-analysis of building performance data from buildings in the UK and China – selected due to their contrasting development environments – which illustrate the presence of and complexities of evaluating total performance gaps in both countries. The data demonstrate the need for (1) high end-use, spatial granularity and temporal resolution data for both energy and Indoor Environmental Quality, and (2) developing methodologies that allow meaningful comparisons between buildings internationally to facilitate learning from successful building design, construction methodologies and policy environments internationally. Using performance data from a UK building, a potential forward path is illustrated with the objective of developing a framework to evaluate total building performance. Practical application: While much research has examined building energy performance gaps, Indoor Environmental Quality and occupant satisfaction gaps are rarely included despite their relationship to energy. We use a meta-analysis of energy, indoor environmental quality, and occupant satisfaction data from buildings in the UK and China to illustrating the presence of and complexities of evaluating total performance gaps for buildings in the two countries, and the need for high resolution dynamic buildings data and novel methodologies for comparison between buildings across different contexts. Illustrative case studies are used to demonstrate potential future directions for evaluating ‘total’ building performance.