Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cluster‐based ensemble of classifiers

This paper presents cluster‐based ensemble classifier – an approach toward generating ensemble of classifiers using multiple clusters within classified data. Clustering is incorporated to partition data set into multiple clusters of highly correlated data that are difficult to separate otherwise and different base classifiers are used to learn class boundaries within the clusters. As the different base classifiers engage on different difficult‐to‐classify subsets of the data, the learning of the base classifiers is more focussed and accurate. A selection rather than fusion approach achieves the final verdict on patterns of unknown classes. The impact of clustering on the learning parameters and accuracy of a number of learning algorithms including neural network, support vector machine, decision tree and k‐NN classifier is investigated. A number of benchmark data sets from the UCI machine learning repository were used to evaluate the cluster‐based ensemble classifier and the experimental results demonstrate its superiority over bagging and boosting.
Profiling and comparing transcription factors activated in non‐metastatic and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

Transcription factors (TFs) are modulators of gene expression that are critically important in the establishment and progression of human cancers. In the current study, the activity profiles of TFs in a normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines were studied using oligonucleotide array‐based TF assays. Compared to the normal epithelial cell line NP69, nine TFs in the non‐metastatic NPC cell line (6‐10B) and eight TFs in a metastatic NPC cell line (5‐8F) were upregulated. Among upregulated TFs, Sp1, AP2, and ATF/CREB families exhibited relatively high activities in NPC cell lines. Transcription levels of Sp1, ATF‐1, ATF‐2, AP2α, AP2γ, and CREB1 were higher in 5‐8F cells than in 6‐10B cells. In addition, higher expression of the Sp1 target genes MMP‐9 and VEGF was observed in 5‐8F cells. Sp1 silencing reduced VEGF and MMP‐9 expression. Inhibition of Sp1 expression and activity in 5‐8F cells by mithramycin resulted in downregulated expression and secretion of MMP‐9 and VEGF, concomitant with inhibition of cell migration and invasion. These results suggest that dynamic changes in TF activities occur in NPC cells and that these changes may play important roles in regulating the expression of genes associated with the development and progression of NPC. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 173–183, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A modeling method on electromagnetic interference coupling path of digital relay in power system

To realize systematic analysis for electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS), forecast for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), a modeling method on electromagnetic interference coupling path of digital relay in power system was presented. The simulated model of electromagnetic interference coupling path can be gotten by this method through the system identifying according to the experiment data. A mathematical modeling of the input port of alternate current (AC) signal in digital relay under electrical fast transients (EFT) interference was also been constructed according to the input and output response of this module measured by oscillograph. Good agreements between the simulated result and the measurements demonstrate the validity of this modeling method.
Antioxidants and tumor necrosis factor alpha-inhibiting activity of sesame oil against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Objective: Oxidative stress is currently considered to be the key factor in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Comparatively small quantity of the endogenous antioxidant content of the heart is assumed to be the predisposing factor for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The present research was designed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and tumor necrosis factor alpha-(TNF-α) inhibiting activity of sesame oil against acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: Male Wistar albino rats (180–200 g) were administered sesame oil in two dissimilar doses (5 and 10 ml/kg body weight, orally) for 30 days, followed by a single dose of doxorubicin (30 mg/kg s.c.). Results: In the doxorubicin-treated group, increased oxidative stress was proven by a significant rise of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level and a decrease of myocardial superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione content. Histopathological studies showed myocardial necrosis with accumulation of inflammatory cells, vacuolization and overall enlargement of the myocardium. Western blot analysis showed marked expression of TNF-α in the myocardium. Alteration in biochemical parameters by doxorubicin administration was prevented significantly (p < 0.0001) in the 5 and 10 ml/kg sesame oil treated rat hearts. Treatment with 5 and 10 ml/kg of sesame oil reduced the doxorubicin-induced TNF-α expression in the myocardium, which was associated with reduced myocyte injury. The overall effect of sesame oil was comparable with probucol, which shows similar protection. Conclusion: The chronic oral administration of sesame oil prevents acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing cardiac endogenous antioxidants and decreasing myocardial TNF-α expression.
Genetic Studies in Inbred BB/Wor Rats: Analysis of Progeny Produced by Crossing Lymphopenic Diabetes-Prone Rats With Nonlymphopenic Diabetic Rats

BB/Wor diabetes-prone (DP) rats are lymphopenic and frequently develop insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes-resistant (DR) BB/Wor rats are not lymphopenic and become diabetic rarely and at a significantly younger age. To examine the genetic basis for diabetes, lymphopenia, and age at onset of diabetes among inbred BB/Wor rats, we crossed nonlymphopenic diabetic rats with lymphopenic DP animals and studied F1, F2, and backcross progeny. F, rats were neither diabetic nor lymphopenic. Diabetes (both types) and lymphopenia reappeared among F2 rats, confirming the permissive association of diabetes and lymphopenia and the recessive nature of both. The absence of diabetes in F1 rats also suggested that the combination of genes responsible for diabetes among lymphopenic and nonlymphopenic rats may be distinct. Nonlymphopenic parental, F1, and F2 rats revealed normal lymphocyte subsets, including CD8+and RT6+ T-lymphocytes. Lymphopenic parental and F2 rats revealed the absence of CD8+ and RT6+ cells, indicating that these T-lymphocyte abnormalities of lymphopenic DP rats segregate with the lymphopenia gene. The distribution of the ages at onset of diabetes among F2 lymphopenic and F2 intercross rats was significantly earlier than among lymphopenic parental and backcross animals, suggesting that the age of diabetes onset is a heritable trait and that the gene(s) or genetic modifier(s) responsible for the earlier onset of F2 diabetes was acquired from the nonlymphopenic parents. Our genetic studies also confirmed the observations that the 2-and 7-kilobase Bam HI fragments of the MHC class I region do not correlate with diabetes or lymphopenia.
Some effects of accelerating growth - I. General somatic development

By varying the number of rats to be suckled by a single mother from the first day of their lives, it has been possible so to accelerate the grow the rate of the animals in the small litters that they were two to four times heavier than those in the large litters when they were 21 days’ old. Although all the animals were offered unlimited amounts of the stock diet (‘Diet 41’) from the time they could eat it, the difference in size continued to increase and the animals from the small litters became much larger adults than the others, and remained so. By accelerating growth in this way the times at which anatomical, physiological and chemical maturity were reached were severally modified, and it was shown that the development of some functions such as ocular vision and eruption of the teeth was determined mainly by chronological age, while that of others such as sexual maturity was more closely linked with the attainment of a certain size. Chemical maturity of the skeletal muscles depended both upon age and size, and the muscle of the animals whose growth had been accelerated, even though large in size, showed some of the signs of immaturity to be expected from the chronological age.
Integrated Fractional Load and Packet Scheduling for OFDMA Systems

This paper study the performance of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system under fractional load based in long term evolution (LTE) downlink. Fractional load is defined by a situation where only a fraction of the bandwidth is used for transmission due to lack of traffic. This type of situation should result in a global increase of signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) conditions in the network. We propose different methods integrating the transmission pattern selection to the packet scheduling functionality of the enode-B depending only on the channel quality indicator (CQI) reports from the user equipments. Fractional load handling is operated without inter eNode-B coordination. We conclude that the system can operate under fractional load conditions if the CQI is calculated with wideband interference. Further gain can be obtained if the CQI is calculated with local interference, however, in that case, it is necessary to inject a certain time correlation in the transmission patterns due to reporting delay.
Microbial processes of the carbon and sulfur cycles in an ice‐covered, iron‐rich meromictic lake Svetloe (Arkhangelsk region, Russia)

Biogeochemical, isotope geochemical and microbiological investigation of Lake Svetloe (White Sea basin), a meromictic freshwater was carried out in April 2014, when ice thickness was ∼0.5 m, and the ice-covered water column contained oxygen to 23 m depth. Below, the anoxic water column contained ferrous iron (up to 240 μμM), manganese (60 μM), sulfide (up to 2 μM) and dissolved methane (960 μM). The highest abundance of microbial cells revealed by epifluorescence microscopy was found in the chemocline (redox zone) at 23-24.5 m. Oxygenic photosynthesis exhibited two peaks: the major one (0.43 μmol C L-1 day-1 ) below the ice and the minor one in the chemocline zone, where cyanobacteria related to Synechococcus rubescens were detected. The maximum of anoxygenic photosynthesis (0.69 μmol C L-1 day-1 ) at the oxic/anoxic interface, for which green sulfur bacteria Chlorobium phaeoclathratiforme were probably responsible, exceeded the value for oxygenic photosynthesis. Bacterial sulfate reduction peaked (1.5 μmol S L-1 day-1 ) below the chemocline zone. The rates of methane oxidation were as high as 1.8 μmol CH4 L-1 day-1 at the oxi/anoxic interface and much lower in the oxic zone. Small phycoerythrin-containing Synechococcus-related cyanobacteria were probably involved in accumulation of metal oxides in the redox zone.
Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing in Tyrol , Austria : Prostate Cancer Mortality Reduction Was Supported by an Update with Mortality Data

Objectives The objective of this study was to update an in-depth analysis of the time trend for prostate cancer (PCA) mortality in the population of Tyrol by 5 years, namely to 2008. In Tyrol, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests were introduced in 1988/89; more than three-quarters of all men in the age group 45–74 had at least one PSA test in the past decade. Methods We applied the same model as in a previous publication, i.e., an age-period-cohort model using Poisson regression, to the mortality data covering more than three decades from 1970 to 2008. Results For Tyrol from 2004 to 2008 in the age group 60? period terms show a significant reduction in prostate cancer mortality with a risk ratio of 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.57, 0.87) for Tyrol, and for Austria excluding Tyrol a moderate reduction with a risk ratio of 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.87, 0.97), each compared to the mortality rate in the period 1989–1993. Conclusions This update strengthens our previously published results, namely that PSA testing offered to a population at no charge can reduce prostate cancer mortality. The extent of mortality reduction is in line with that reported in the other recent publications. However, our data do not permit us to fully assess the harms associated with PCA screening, and no recommendation for PSA screening can be made without a careful evaluation of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. W. Oberaigner (&) Cancer Registry of Tyrol, TILAK GmbH, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria e-mail: willi.oberaigner@iet.at W. Oberaigner U. Siebert Department of Public Health and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T, Austria W. Oberaigner U. Siebert Oncotyrol Division of Public Health Decision Modelling, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics, Oncotyrol Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria U. Siebert Cardiovascular Research Program, Department of Radiology, Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA U. Siebert Center for Health Decision Science, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA W. Horninger H. Klocker J. Bektic G. Bartsch Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria G. Schäfer Department of Pathology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria F. Frauscher Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria H. Schennach Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria Int J Public Health (2012) 57:57–62 DOI 10.1007/s00038-011-0266-4
Preparation, Characterization, and Stability of Liposome-Based Formulations of Mitoxantrone

The preparation, characterization, and stability of lyophilized liposome-based formulation of mitoxantrone was investigated. Mitoxantrone was entrapped inside small, unilamellar liposomes composed of dioleoylphosphocholine (DOPC), cholesterol, and cardiolipin. The mean vesicle size and drug entrapment efficiency of the liposomes were ~ 150 nm and ~ 99%, respectively. Less than 1% of drug was lost and mean vesicle size remained unchanged after sterile filtration. The pre-lyophilized (pre-lyo) formulations were characterized by a differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) method. Results showed that the glass transition temperatures (Tg′) increased as the molar ratios of sucrose:lipid and trehalose:lipid in the formulations were increased. The maximum Tg′ of the pre-lyo formulations containing 10:1 sucrose:lipid and trehalose:lipid molar ratios were − 37°C and − 41°C, respectively. After reconstitution of the lyophilized cake of the sucrose-containing formulation, the mean vesicle size was comparable to pre-lyo liposome size. In vitro release studies showed that less than 2% of mitoxantrone was released after an extensive dialysis against phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C, indicating that the mitoxantrone was highly associated and retained inside the liposomes. Short-term stability studies of the sucrose-containing formulations revealed that the reconstituted and eight-fold diluted formulations were stable for up to 8 hours at room temperature. Long-term stability studies of lyophilized liposomal mitoxantrone showed that the lyophilized formulation was stable for up to 13 months after storage at refrigerated condition.
Plausible explanation for theΔ5/2+(2000)puzzle

From a Faddeev calculation for the $\ensuremath{\pi}$-$(\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho}){}_{{N}_{5/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}(1675)}$ system we show the plausible existence of three dynamically generated $I({J}^{P})=3/2(5/{2}^{+})$ baryon states below 2.3 GeV, whereas only two resonances, ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{5/{2}^{+}}(1905)(****)$ and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{5/{2}^{+}}(2000)(**),$ are cataloged in the Particle Data Book Review. Our results give theoretical support to data analyses extracting two distinctive resonances, ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{5/{2}^{+}}(~$1740) and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{5/{2}^{+}}(~$2200), from which the mass of ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{5/{2}^{+}}(2000)(**)$ is estimated. We propose that these two resonances should be cataloged instead of ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{5/{2}^{+}}(2000). $ This proposal gets further support from the possible assignment of the other baryon states found in the approach in the $I=1/2,3/2$ with ${J}^{P}=1/{2}^{+},3/{2}^{+},5/{2}^{+}$ sectors to known baryonic resonances. In particular, ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1/{2}^{+}}(1750)(*)$ is naturally interpreted as a $\ensuremath{\pi}{N}_{1/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}(1650)$ bound state.
Impact of persistent hip or knee pain on overall health status in elderly people: a longitudinal population study.

OBJECTIVE To investigate hip or knee symptoms in older persons from a longitudinal, population perspective, and to determine the impact of persistent hip or knee pain on general health status over time. METHODS A postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 5,500 individuals ages > or = 65 years containing the Short Form 36 (SF-36) general health survey, Lequesne hip and knee indices, and a hip/knee pain severity item. Respondents reporting hip or knee symptoms at baseline received an identical questionnaire 12 months later. Respondents were classified into a persistent pain group with either hip or knee pain at both baseline and followup, and a non-persistent pain group who reported hip or knee pain at baseline but no pain at followup. RESULTS At baseline, 1,305 (40.7%) of 3,210 eligible respondents reported hip or knee pain. At 1 year, 1,072 (82.1%) of 1,305 individuals responded, of whom 820 (76.5%) remained symptomatic (the persistent group). In multivariate analysis, baseline factors identified as strongly related to having persistent pain were maximum Lequesne score (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, P < 0.001), maximum hip/knee pain score (OR 1.61, P < 0.001), and number of painful hip and knee joints at baseline (OR 1.48, P = 0.004). Following adjustment for age, sex, and baseline score, differences in mean SF-36 change scores of the 2 groups were significant for all dimensions except for mental health. CONCLUSION In older persons, a symptomatic hip or knee frequently progresses in terms of worsening symptoms and accrual of other symptomatic hip or knee joints. The impact of persistent symptoms on general health is substantial.
ANALYSIS OF AD-HOC ON-DEMAND DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING PROTOCOL AGAINST NODE MISBEHAVIOR ATTACKS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have gained remarkable appreciations over the last few years. Despite significant advantages and tremendous applications, WSN is vulnerable to variety of attacks. Due to unattended nature of WSN, sensor nodes are more prone to be overtaken by an adversary. By doing that, an adversary can learn the contents of the victim’s memory, can have access to valid cryptographic keys, and can also modify the behavior of corrupted nodes. In this paper, we investigate some of the most severe node misbehavior attacks in WSN, namely blackhole and grayhole attacks, using Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. A detailed NS2 based implementation and comparative analysis of these attacks has been presented. The performance of AODV is evaluated by considering different metrics such as packet delivery ratio, packet drop ratio, average end-to-end delay, normalized routing load, and energy consumption. Simulation results are provided to show the effects of these attacks on AODV protocol which suffers from increased packet loss and decreased delivery ratio. Some counter measures against node misbehavior attacks are also provided.
Melatonin increases dendritogenesis in the hilus of hippocampal organotypic cultures

Abstract: Neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by hippocampus decreased volume and loss of dendrite arborizations in the subiculum and prefrontal cortex. These structural changes are associated with diminished memory performance. Hilar neurons of the hippocampus integrate spatial memory and are lost in dementia. They receive information from dentate gyrus neurons through dendrites, while they send axonal tracts to the CA3 region. Dendrites are complex structures of neurons that receive chemical information from presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals. Melatonin, the main product of the pineal gland, has neuroprotective actions through its free radical‐scavenging properties and decreases neuronal apoptosis. Recently, we found that melatonin increases dendrite maturation and complexity in new neurons formed in the dentate gyrus of mice. In addition, in N1E‐115 cultured cells, the indole stimulates early stages of neurite formation, a process that is known to antecede dendrite formation and maturation. Thus, in this study, we explored whether melatonin stimulates dendrite formation and complexity in the adult rat hippocampus in organotypic slice cultures, which is a model that preserves the hippocampal circuitry and their tridimensional organizations of connectivity. The effects of melatonin were studied in nonpathological conditions and in the absence of harmful agents. The results showed that the indole at nocturnal concentrations reached in the cerebrospinal fluid stimulates dendritogenesis at formation, growth, and maturation stages. Also, data showed that dendrites formed became competent to form presynaptic specializations. Evidence strongly suggests that melatonin may be useful in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases to repair the loss of dendrites and re‐establish lost synaptic connections.
Predictive value of alkaline phosphatase for response and time to progression in bortezomib‐treated multiple myeloma patients

Myeloma bone disease is characterized by osteolytic destruction associated with suppressed osteoblastic activity. Using data from the APEX (Richardson et al., N Engl J Med 2005;352:2487–2498) study, we have assessed the relationship of changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels during bortezomib therapy with response and time to progression on this therapy. The percentage of ALP increments in responders (complete and partial response) and nonresponders was analyzed at different thresholds and time points. For all bortezomib‐treated patients enrolled in the trial (N = 333), at least a 25% increase in ALP from the baseline at 6 week was the most powerful predictor of treatment response (P < 0.0001) and time to progression (206 vs. 169 days) relative to patients with less than a 25% increase in ALP (P = 0.01). Markers of osteoblastic activation may predict quality and duration of response in multiple myeloma. In addition, our data suggest that bone anabolism could inhibit myeloma growth. Am. J. Hematol. , 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and Partial Characterization of Escherichia coli Mutants with Altered Glycyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetases

Isolates with mutations in glyS, the structural gene for glycyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase (GRS) in Escherichia coli, are frequently found among glycine auxotrophs. Extracts of glyS mutants have altered GRS activities. The mutants grow with normal growth rates in minimal media when high levels of glycine are provided. No other metabolite of a variety tested is capable of restoring normal growth. The glyS mutants fail to make ribonucleic acid (RNA) when depleted of exogenous glycine in strains which are RCstr but do so when the cells are RCrel. In contrast, biosynthetic mutants which are unable to synthesize glycine (glyA mutants) do not make RNA when deprived of glycine even if they are RCrel; in this case, RNA is synthesized upon glycine deprivation only when the nucleic acid precursors made from glycine are provided in the medium. The level of serine transhydroxymethylase is unaltered in extracts of any of the glyS mutants, even though the level of charged tRNAGly is at least 20-fold lower than that found in a prototrophic parent; this indicates that, if there is control over the synthesis of serine transhydroxymethylase, it is not modified by reduced levels of charging of the major species of tRNAGly.