Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diurnal heat stress reduces pig intestinal integrity and increases endotoxin translocation

Abstract Heat stress negatively affects performance and intestinal integrity of pigs. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of diurnal heat stress (dHS) on nursery-grower pig performance, intestinal integrity, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation. Forty-eight nursery-grower gilts, individually penned, were randomly assigned to two treatments. Twenty-four pigs were then exposed to dHS for 3 d, 6 h at 38°C and 18 h at 32°C, at 40–60% humidity. The remaining pigs were maintained under thermal neutral (TN) conditions. Changes in pig rectal temperatures (Tr), respiration rates (RR), performance, and blood parameters were evaluated. Additionally, ex vivo ileum integrity was assessed with the Ussing chamber by measuring transepithelial resistance (TER), and 4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran (FD4) and FITC–LPS mucosal to serosal flux. As expected, dHS increased pig Tr and RR (P < 0.05) and reduced pig performance (P < 0.05) on the 3-d period. Compared with TN, ileum TER (P = 0.04), FITC–LPS (P < 0.001), and FD4 (P = 0.011) permeability were significantly increased due to dHS. Compared with TN pigs, dHS increased serum endotoxin by 150% (P = 0.031). Altogether, 3-d dHS significantly reduced pig performance and intestinal integrity and increased blood endotoxin concentrations.
Reduction of Phytotoxic Effect of Cadmium Heavy Metal by Biomass of Edible Fungus, Armillaria tabescens

In this study, it is aimed to reduce the damage caused by Cd, one of the heavy metals, on the corn plant with the biomass of the edible mushroom Armillaria tabescens. For this purpose; Control, Cd application (0.1 mM), Cd + A. tabescens (0.01 mM + 10g biomass) application and A.tabescens (10g biomass) application were prepared as the experimental setup. Our study was carried out in a hydroponic environment. Firstly root-stem lengths and wet-dry weight were determined. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2-) and antioxidant enzyme (SOD) levels were measured. In addition, changes in protein, chlorophyll, proline and sugar levels in seedlings were also evaluated. According to our results, in hydroponics medium, the damage size were high in the corn plants exposed to Cd heavy metal and the damage was low in Cd + A. tabescens application. In addition, it was seen that A. tabescens significantly reduced heavy metal stress in Cd + A.tabescens application by considering the changes in chlorophyll content, carotoneid, total sugar, protein and proline content. Moreover, it was observed that only A. tabescens application contributed to the growth and development of corn plant. Our research findings show that A. tabescens mushrooms can be used to reduce Cd stress. This study is a first in terms of heavy metal removal in hydroponic environment.
High genetic diversity and low differentiation in North American Margaritifera margaritifera (Bivalvia: Unionida: Margaritiferidae)

1Department of Biology, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA 2Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, D-85354 Freising, Germany 3Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75252, USA 4Direction de l’expertise sur la faune aquatique, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, (Québec) G1S 4X4, Canada 5Zoology Section, Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada 6Unit of Molecular Zoology, Chair of Zoology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, D-85354 Freising, Germany 7Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Box 30003, MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA
Environmental filters shaping angiosperm tree assembly along climatic and geographic gradients

Co-ordinating Editor: Leandro Duarte Abstract Question: Globalscale forest censuses provide an opportunity to understand diversification processes in woody plant communities. Based on the climatic or geographic filtering hypotheses associated with tropical niche conservatism and dispersal limitation, we analysed phylogenetic community structures across a wide range of biomes and evaluated to what extent regionspecific processes have influenced largescale diversity patterns of tree species communities across latitude or continent. Location: Global. Methods: We generated a data set of species abundances for 21,379 angiosperm woody plants in 843 plots worldwide. We calculated net relatedness index (NRI) for each plot, based on a single global species pool and regional species pools, and phylogenetic βdiversity (PBD) between plots. Then, we explored the correlations of NRI with climatic and geographic variables, and clarified phylogenetic dissimilarity along geographic and climatic differences. We also compared these patterns for South America, Africa, the IndoPacific, Australia, the Nearctic, Western Palearctic and Eastern Palearctic. Results: NRI based on a globalscale species pool was negatively associated with precipitation and positively associated with Quaternary temperature change. PBD was positively associated with geographic distance and precipitation difference between plots across tropical and extratropical biomes. Moreover, phylogenetic dissimilarity was smaller in extratropical regions than in regions including the tropics, although temperate forests of the Eastern Palearctic showed a greater dissimilarity within extratropical regions. Conclusions: Our findings support predictions of the climatic and geographic filtering hypotheses. Climatic filtering (climatic harshness and paleoclimatic change) relative to tropical niche conservatism played a role in sorting species from the global species pool and shaped the largescale diversity patterns, such as the latitudinal gradient observed across continents. Geographic filtering associated with dispersal limitation substantially contributed to regional divergence of tropical/extratropical biomes among continents. Old, longstanding geographic barriers and recent climatic events differently influenced evolutionary diversification of angiosperm tree communities in tropical and extratropical biomes.
Fibronectin-rhamm interactions, which are required for cell motility, regulate podosome formation

Invadopodia or podosomes have been identified as sites for the local release of matrix metalloproteinases required for the initiation of cell motility and invasion. In this study, we confirm that the cell surface expression of the hyaluronan receptor RHAMM occurs transiently and report that fibronectin (FN) upregulates this expression by stabilizing the retention of RHAMM within podosomes. Further, anti-RHAMM antibodies block podosome formation suggesting FN-RHAMM interactions play a key role in the organization of these structures. RHAMM binds directly to the carboxy-terminal heparin-binding domain of FN via an imperfect leucine zipper motif encoded by exon 3. Peptides mimicking this sequence disrupt FN-RHAMM interactions resulting in both the inhibition of podosome formation as detected by cortactin and p l30CAS staining within these structures and the reduction of random cell motility. Overexpression of RHAMM modifies the FN-induced tyrosine phosphorylation profile of proteins; notably, cortactin phosphorylation is enhanced. However, exon 3-mimicking peptide could not block these RHAMM-induced phosphorylation changes. Thus, we conclude that cell surface RHAMM plays a structural role in controlling podosome integrity independent of phosphotyrosine signaling.
Using artificial neural network for predicting heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling in an inclined channel

The flow and heat transfer characteristics in a nuclear power plant in the event of a serious accident are simulated by boiling water in an inclined rectangular channel. In this study an artificial neural network model was developed with the aim of predicting heat transfer coefficient (HTC) for flow boiling of water in inclined channel, the network was designed and trained by means of 520 experimental data points that were selected from within the literature. orientation ,mass flux, quality and heat flow which were employed to serve as variables of input of multiple layer perceptron (MLP) neural network, whereas the analogous HTC was selected to be its output. Via the method of trial-and-error, MLP network with 30 neurons in the hidden layer was attained as optimal ANN structure. The fact that is was enabled to predict accurately the HTC. For the training set, the mean relative absolute error (MRAE) is about 0.68 % and the correlation coefficient (R) is about 0.9997. As for the testing and validation set they are respectively about 0.60 % and 0.9998 and about 0.79 % and 0.9996. The comparison of the developed ANN model with experimental data and empirical correlations in vertical channel under the low flow rate and low quality shows a good agreement.
Molecular Genetical Studies on Cotton Leaf Curl Virus in Egypt

Cotton is a most important crop (white gold) in Egypt. Cotton is attacked by leaf curl virus that members of the genus Begomovirus (Family: Gminiviridae) have circular single stranded DNA genomes, this virus that is transmitted by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). In the present study aims to detect the presence of Begomovirus in cotton representing leaf curl virus and identify the molecular characteristic of CLCuV using: Isolation of Replicative form (RF: 2.7 kbp), Specific PCR of coat protein gene (AV1), Cloning, Sequencing, Expression and Protein Purification. To achieve this purpose, four isolates of the virus were randomly collected from infected leaves of cotton from six localities in Egypt. The leaf isolates in the current study showed different gradients of typical symptoms of begomoviruses disease that appears upward or down ward leaf curling, thick dark green veins, vein swelling. In addition, study of genotyping for begomoviruses in differnt hosts such as (cotton, tomato,okra) using different techniques RAPD, SSCP, Phylogentic tree.
BREAD DREGS COCONUT: UTILIZATION OF COCONUT DREGS AS PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE

CHD is one of the most common degenerative disease and inevitably affecting millions of global elder, adult or even youth. Based on WHO data, the current status of CHD is the leading cause the world death and followed by stroke and lower respirator infections. This is assumed that on 2020 the prevalence will increase twice as cancer’s. One major cause of CHD is poor eating habit, such as prefer to eat junk food which contains high cholesterol. Hence, new variation of healthy food is needed to substitute junk food. Furthermore we provide alternative bread with main ingredients from coconut dregs which contain high dietary fiber to reduce cholesterol. Bread was selected for this study because of the on-the-go type, easy to eat, and very universal in age or location range. Based on hedonic test that was participated by random people, bread dregs coconut has a good acceptance based on 6 indicators with 9-point hedonic scale. Furthermore, the cost of ingredients is affordable so the consumption of bread dregs coconut should be implemented as a national program to reduce prevalence of CHD. Additionally, it could support micro-economic industries to utilize the dregs, since Indonesia is the largest producer of coconut in the world.
The Impact of Weather Conditions on Economic Activity in Ukraine

This article explores the impact of weather conditions on core sectors of the Ukrainian economy and the composite index of economic activity in Ukraine. We build autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models using statistical data provided by the Central Geophysical Observatory named after Boris Sreznevsky (CGO) and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for the period 2004-2019. The obtained outcomes show that fluctuations in the air temperature and precipitation are significant determinants of output in different sectors (specifically agriculture, construction, manufacturing, and energy). Therefore, the inclusion of weather conditions into models may potentially improve the modeling properties and forecasting of economic activity.
Improving the Psychological Training of Education Managers in Master's Degree Programs in Kazakhstan

Engilika Zhumataevaa, Rymshash Kameshovna Toleubekovab, Artyom Sergeyevich Dontsovc, Botagoz Gabdullovna Sarsenbayevad, a,cS. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University Republic of Kazakhstan, 140008, Pavlodar, Lomov Street, 64, bL.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Republic of Kazakhstan, 010000, Nur-sultan, Satpayev Street, 2, dPavlodar State Pedagogical University Republic of Kazakhstan, 140000, Pavlodar, Mira Street, 60,
Shark Teeth, Stingray Spines, and Shark Fishing in Ancient Mexico and Central America

ALTHOUGH shark teeth ave been found in the course of archaeological excavations inNorth America (Hopewell mounds), Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama, there have been few attempts to explain their significance, function, a d the means by which they were obtained inpre-Columbian times. Only rarely has there been an attempt to identify the species of shark and to indicate whether it was of an Atlantic or Pacific origin. In Mexico and Central America shark teeth have been reported from nine archaeological sites (see Fig. 1 and Table 1): Mexico: 1. Las Flores, Tampico, (Vera Cruz) 1 2. Cerro de las Mesas (Vera Cruz)2 3. La Venta (Vera Cruz) 3 4. Mayapan (Yucatan)4 5. Palenque (Chiapas)5 Guatemala: 6. Piedras Negras (Peten) 7. Nebaj (Quiche)7 Costa Rica: 8. Divala, Chiriqui8 Panama. : 9. Sitio Conte, Cocld9 * The author wishes to express his appreciation to Drs A. V. Kidder, Gordon Ekholm, Matthew Stirling, Harry Pollock, Alberto Ruz, and Nevin Scrimshaw for their help in supplying the archaeological and nutritional d ta. Those who kindly provided the identification of zoalogical specimens were Drs William Dickinson, Bobb Schaefer, Clayton Ray, and Roberto Dorion. 1 Ekholm, 1944, pp. 389-390, 486, fig. 53c'. 2 Drucker, 1943, pp. 12-13. 3 Stirling and Stirling, 1942, pp. 641-642, and pl. 1; Drucker, 1952, pp. 26, 162, 163, 169, 196; Drucker, Heizer, and Squier, 1959, p. 272. 4 Pollock and Ray, 1957, pp. 651-652. 5 Ruz, 1958, p. 79, fig. 4, pl. 18; and pp. 88, 208, 247, figs. 11, 13-14, pls. 23, 37, 68. 6 Coe, 1959, p. 63, fig. 57g, and fig. 63b, 3. 7 Smith and Kidder, 1951, p. 54. fig. 42, no. 4, and fig. 69d. 8 MacCurdy, 1911, p. 43, fig. 5. 9 Lothrop, 1937, p. 22, 99, 156, 197, figs. 32-35, 129g, h, 132a, and 190.
Second generation bioethanol production : Technical progress , possibilities and challenges

Energy consumption has increased steadily over the last century as the world population has grown and many countries have become more industrialized. Increase in energy demand and depletion of fossil reserves have motivated researchers toward the development of alternative fuels that are eco-friendly, renewable and economical. Production of ethanol by utilization of lignocellulosic biomass materials including agricultural and forest residues, herbaceous and woody crops have become capable alternatives that offer unique ecological and economic benefits. Bioethanol, a renewable, eco-friendly and sustainable liquid fuel is expected to have a promising future in confronting today’s global energy crisis. Even though, production of bioethanol has been greatly improved by new technologies, there are still challenges that need to be investigated. Technical progress in the development of second generation bioethanol production, promises and challenges are explained. The prominence on developing an elementary understanding of the technology for biomass conversion to ethanol, reduction in production costs and strategies to accelerate commercialization are discussed.
Use of random amplified microsatellites (RAMS) to discern genotypes of Saprolegnia parasitica isolates on the west coast of British Columbia

Supervisory Committee Dr. William Hintz, Supervisor Department of Biology Dr. Juergen Ehlting, Departmental Member Department of Biology Dr. John Taylor, Departmental Member Department of Biology Dr. Paul de la Bastide, Departmental Member Department of Biology Several oomycete species of the genus Saprolegnia are recognized as devastating fish pathogens and are responsible for the loss of millions of fish annually for the aquaculture industry. Until recently, these pathogens were kept in check using malachite green; however, due to its toxicity, this chemical has now been banned from use. Saprolegnia parasitica is recognized as the major pathogen of aquaculture fish species. The industry is struggling to predict and control S. parasitica outbreaks in fish hatcheries and there is a need for new knowledge regarding the population genetic structure of this pathogen. Random amplified microsatellites were used to compare isolates of S. parasitica collected from a variety of hatchery locations during the period of November 2009 August 2011, in order to determine the level of genetic variability and determine changes in genetic diversity over time. Allele frequencies of scored characters were graphically compared. Population genetic diversity was measured using Nei’s genetic distance, Shannon’s Information Index, number of polymorphic loci and phylogenetic trees. Due to the presence of Saprolegnia parasitica in the facilities tested, it appears to be ubiquitous in aquaculture facilities and treatment and prevention will be an ongoing concern in aquaculture management. Overall, genetic diversity of S. parasitica isolates
Chemometric approach for developing nanostructured self-emulsifying drug delivery systems of rosuvastatin calcium containing a dietary lipid with improved biopharmaceutical performance

Objective(s): The present work deals with the development of nanostructured self-emulsifying delivery system of rosuvastatin calcium containing a dietary lipid by chemometry principles for improving the biopharmaceutical performance of the drug. Excipient screening was performed on the basis of solubility of drug and phase behaviour study using aqueous titration method. A blend of liquid lipids, emulgents and coemulgents were used as for preparing the self-emulsifying delivery systems of the drug. Methods: Optimal mixture design was adopted for systematic optimization of the composition of self-emulsifying formulations and evaluated for emulsification time, globule size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and in vitro drug release. In vitro drug release in simulated fluids, and in vivo pharmacokinetic in rats was performed for comparing the biopharmaceutical performance. Results: The optimized self-nanoemulsifying formulation contained 15% of lipid (isopropyl myristate), 75% of emulgent (Tween 20) and 10% of cosolvent (ethanol), which exhibited fast emulsification in 150 second, globule size of 68 nm, zeta potential of 27 mV and more than > 85% drug release within 30 minutes. Conclusions: Pharmacokinetic study in rats indicated 4.89 to 4.45-folds improvement in the values of AUC and Cmax, and 0.95-folds reduction in Tmax from the self-nanoemulsifying system vis-a-vis the pure drug. Overall, the developed nanolipidic formulation of rosuvastatin indicated superior efficacy in augmenting the drug dissolution and absorption performance.
Selection indices for cocoon traits in six commercial silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) lines

Genetic parameters and economic values of cocoon traits in six commercial silkworm varieties (110, 107, 101433, Xinhong1, Koming1 and Y) were analyzed and selection indices for these traits were constructed. Cocoon weight, shell weight and shell ratio for each silkworm were carried out for four generations. Heritability and correlation coefficients were estimated by the REML method. Heritability of cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight were higher than the heritability of cocoon shell ratio. Using a deterministic model, the economic weights of the traits were calculated. In each variety, two conventional indices (family and individual indices), two restricted indices (family and individual restricted indices) and two base indices (individual and phenotypic base indices) were constructed. The expected economic efficiency resulting from family index selection was the highest. Thus, family index is suggested for selection. The maximum and minimum selection accuracy, expected economic gain and relative efficiency of individual to family index belonged to Xinhong1 and 107, respectively.
A new species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) east of Wallace’s Line

Zingiber Mill. is distributed from India to the Pacific but only a few species are known from east of Wallace’s Line, whereas the area to the west is rich in species. A recent collection from limestone at Bantimurung, South Sulawesi, Indonesia represents a new eastern species, Zingiber ultralimitale Ardiyani & A.D.Poulsen, which is described, illustrated, and barcoded using three of the four barcoding loci (rbcL, trnH-psbA and ITS). Placement of this species using morphological evidence is ambiguous but a combination of evidence from morphology, pollen anatomy and molecular analysis indicates that it belongs to Zingiber sect. Zingiber.
A rapid review of the effectiveness of screening practices at airports, land borders and ports to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases such as COVID-19.

BACKGROUND Travel screening for infectious diseases is often implemented to delay or prevent the entry of infected persons to a country/area. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of different point-of-entry screening strategies in achieving a reduction in imported COVID-19 transmission. METHODS A rapid evidence review was conducted, systematically searching PubMed and Google Scholar and grey literature on 27 March 2020. RESULTS We screened 1 194 records. Nine potential full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and included. Three articles investigated the effectiveness of entry-based thermal and body temperature scanning. Entry-based infrared thermal or body temperature scanning for COVID-19 was unlikely to be effective. Two systematic reviews found no additional benefit of travel restrictions/screening. In a COVID-19 modelling study, airport screening was not effective, with exit and entry thermal scanning identifying half and missing almost half of infected travellers. Two other modelling studies found that entry-based travel screening would achieve only modest delays in community transmission, while international travel quarantine could reduce case importations by 80%. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to support entry and exit screening at points of entry, as these strategies detect just over half of the infected cases, missing almost half at entry points. The benefits of airport screening therefore need to be context specific and weighed against the resources and cost of implementation, the contribution of imported cases to total cases, and the benefits of identifying 50% of cases in the South African context with the country's high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence and limited resources to deal with a pandemic of this nature.