Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATwo Stage Intrusion Detection Intelligent System

Security is becoming an inherited and amplified problem that keeps growing as new and emerging technologies hit the market. The problem of detecting and preventing malicious attacks is just one of the puzzle pieces that many enterprises prioritize in their operations. Challenges brought by security breachesor malicious attacks can put a high stress, almost unsurvivable, on social and economic factors. In this paper, the usage of a two stage intelligent system in intrusion detection systems (IDS) will be introduced. Anomaly based IDS’ are a feasible solution for many security problems, but the high rate of false positives makes them difficult to implement. The objective of the first stage in this proposed IDSis to simply detect whether there is an attack present through unsupervised learning. The second stage classifiesthese attacks in a supervised learning methodology, along with addressing and eliminating the number of false positives. The simulation of this approach results is an IDS able to detect and classify attacks at a 99.97% accuracy and lowers the false positives rate to 0%. Keywords—Intrusion detection systems (IDS), security, machine learnings, IPS, Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD)
A General Multivariate Formulation of the Multi-Antenna GNSS Attitude Determination Problem

A General Multivariate Formulation of the Multi-Antenna GNSS Attitude Determination Problem Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase ambiguity resolution is the key to high precision positioning, navigation and attitude determination. In this contribution we present a general formulation for the multi-antenna GNSS attitude determination problem. This multivariate formulation provides a general framework for solving various GNSS attitude determination problems. With the use of this formulation we show how the constrained integer least-squares carrier phase ambiguities and corresponding attitude matrix can be solved.
How Climate Model Complexity Influences Sea Ice Stability

AbstractRecord lows in Arctic sea ice extent have been making frequent headlines in recent years. The change in albedo when sea ice is replaced by open water introduces a nonlinearity that has sparked an ongoing debate about the stability of the Arctic sea ice cover and the possibility of Arctic “tipping points. ” Previous studies identified instabilities for a shrinking ice cover in two types of idealized climate models: (i) annual-mean latitudinally varying diffusive energy balance models (EBMs) and (ii) seasonally varying single-column models (SCMs). The instabilities in these low-order models stand in contrast with results from comprehensive global climate models (GCMs), which typically do not simulate any such instability. To help bridge the gap between low-order models and GCMs, an idealized model is developed that includes both latitudinal and seasonal variations. The model reduces to a standard EBM or SCM as limiting cases in the parameter space, thus reconciling the two previous lines of research.
Inertial effects in deformation and breakup of a two dimensional droplet in simple shear flow

Lattice Boltzmann simulations are used to investigate the effect of inertia on droplet breakup in two dimensions. A spherical droplet is placed in a second fluid, with identical properties (i.e. density, viscosity) and subject to a simple shear flow. The aim is to locate the point beyond which no stable droplet shape exists, and is achieved by implementing a recursive 'velocity ramp' algorithm. When a stationary state is reached the configuration is saved and the shear rate then increased by a given amount. If this has the effect of either causing the drop to break or deform more than a given threshold the previous configuration will be reloaded and the shear increment reduced by half. Otherwise the simulation is continued until another stable shape is reached and the process is repeated. Three dimensionless parameters are used to characterise this process: capillary number, Ca, (ratio of shear stress/surface tension), Reynolds number, Re, (ratio of inertial/viscous terms), deformation, D, (defined to be the ratio of difference/sum of the long and short axis of the drop). As the viscosity is increased (or Reynolds number decreased) from one run to the next the Re/Ca ratio steadily decreases and the breakup point of the first few runs follows a gradual trend. For these runs at the lower end of the viscosity range simulated, the drops evolve into a two lobed structure orientated at 60° to the undisturbed flow lines and break up into two equally sized droplets. Increasing the viscosity further rotates the drops until they are almost aligned with the undisturbed flow lines. Such droplets experience less shear stress and hence withstand greater shear rates. At this point it is found that there is an abrupt change, in the morphology of the breaking drop and therefore in plots of Re vs Ca and D vs Ca. The drop now evolves into a three lobed structure, having a large central 'body' with smaller lobes at either end of similar size and shape. Such drops attain deformations of up to 0.9 before breakup. That these shapes are stable is somewhat surprising not only because of their extremely elongated and slender shape but also because the curvature at the ends of the central body would be expected to be unstable due to the Laplace pressure. Using a slightly modified velocity ramp algorithm, where the restriction on the deformation in response to an increase in shear is lifted, the simulations result in a three lobed mode of breakup for all viscosities. This shows that the details of the flow rate history can strongly affect the outcome. Several important parameters need careful attention including the mobility and lattice size; these are found to play an important part in the deformation and breakup process. Vortices are also apparent in some morphologies; it is still not certain how these influence or instigate breakup. The limiting case of zero Reynolds number is simulated and results suggest that in this limit there is no hydrodynamic drop breakup in two dimensions.
UPLC versus UHPLC : Comparison of Loading and Peak Capacity for Small Molecule Drugs

INT RODUCT ION Recent advances in both stationary-phase chemistry and analytical instrumentation have caused chromatographers in the pharmaceutical industry to reassess how their current methods are performing, as well as how to develop new methods. Over the last 6 years, this has led to the adoption of one of three possible approaches to increase the separation power for small molecule drug compounds:
An alternative educational indicator for classifying secondary schools in Portugal

The purpose of this paper aims at carrying out a study in the area of Statistics for classifying Portuguese Secondary Schools (both mainland and islands: “Azores” and “Madeira”),taking into account the results achievedby their students in both national examinations and internal assessment. The main according consists of identifying groups of schools with different performance levels by considering the sub-national public and private education systems’ as well as their respective geographic location. For this, we developed an alternative educational indicator for the so-called Secondary Education indicator rankings released since 2001 by the Portuguese media.
Developing a Hierarchical Multi-Label Classifier for Twitter Trending Topics

In recently years, there has been rapid growth in discussion groups and micro blogging, in which an important characteristic of the entries is their trending topics on some generalized categories. Many researchers have attempted to classify trending topics by using only keywords, trending topics are rarely straightforward; they are normally expressed in a more subtle manner. It is well accepted that using high-dimensional multi-modal language features for tweets content representation and classifier training may achieve more sufficient characterization of the diverse properties of the tweets and further result in higher discrimination power of the classifiers. However, training the classifiers in a high- dimensional multi-modal feature space requires a large number of labeled training tweets, which will further result in the problem of curse of dimensionality. To tackle this problem, a hierarchical feature subset selection algorithm need to be used to enable more accurate tweets classification; where the processes for feature selection and classifier training are seamlessly integrated in a single framework. In this article, we used the LingPipe classifier to accurately classify the Twitter trending topics where it shows a substantial improvement over their state-of-the art trending topics-trained counterparts.
The prognostic impact of the coronary collateral circulation in patients with coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis

Background: Coronary Collateral Circulation (CCC) is an alternative source of blood supply to an ischemic myocardial region. The study of animal models showed that coronary collateral circulation on the myocardial had obvious protective effect of survival but it for humans the influence of the prognosis was still controversial. Aims: The aim of this meta-analysis is to explore the impact of collateral circulation on prognosis. Methods and Results: We performed an electronic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Cochrane Library, assessed the association between coronary collateral circulation and prognosis, searched from the 1989 up to July 2016, there was no language restriction. A total of 16 studies enrolling 16447 participants were included in this analysis. Patients with high collateralization showed a reduced mortality compared with those with low collateralization Risk Ratios (RR) 0.66 [95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 0.54-0.82]; P=0.0001). The RR for ‘high collateralization’ showed a reduced incidence of re-infarction compared with those with low collateralization was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52~0.92 p=0.01), in patients with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), it was (RR 0.62 [95% CI 0.46–0.84], p=0.002). Conclusions: Abundant collateral circulation could reduce coronary heart disease mortality, recurrence of myocardial infarction and adverse cardiovascular events. However, in the revascularization, arrthythmia, cardiac death and so on, showed not reach statistical significance.
From Open-Access to Individual Quotas: Disentangling the Effects of Policy Reform and Environmental Changes in the Norwegian Coastal Cod Fishery

Understanding the e ect of introducing property rights to natural resources is central in economics, but empirical analysis is frustrated by the complexity of socioecological systems. We construct a detailed bio-economic model of the Norwegian coastal cod shery, which was closed after 1989, to isolate the e ect of environmental variability. We project stock and harvest forward in the counterfactual scenario of no intervention, showing that the policy had only a small positive impact on Stock biomass, but a pronounced positive e ect on pro ts. The main driver, uncovered by index-number decomposition, is savings in fuel and labor costs.
A Home-Based Intervention to Improve Balance, Gait and Self-Confidence in Older Adults

Abstract The effects of a low- to moderate-intensity balance program for older adults emphasizing self-efficacy information were examined. Participants were assigned to an exercise group with a self-efficacy intervention or as exercise-only controls. Efficacy information focused on mastery experiences and social persuasion. Older adults were pre- and post-tested before a 16-week, self-paced program. Post-testing revealed that adherence was higher for the efficacy intervention group. No significant main or interaction effects occurred for balance and mobility measures (p > .05). The efficacy intervention in this investigation resulted in greater adherence to activity, without concomitant improvements in balance and mobility. Results suggested that mastery information given participants was not sufficiently salient to result in balance improvements.
A comparative analysis of the work values of Greece's ‘Millennial’ generation

This study adds to the growing body of international evidence concerning the millennial generation (i.e. those born after 1980), by documenting the work values of millennial-aged undergraduate students (N = 649) in Greece, using an adapted version of the Lyons Work Value Survey. Our results show that millennial-aged Greeks place most importance on intrinsic and social aspects of work, and less importance on extrinsic and prestige values. We statistically compare our results to those of published studies of millennial-aged respondents from other countries and find that Greek respondents hold a unique work value profile, although they demonstrate some similarities to counterparts in other countries. Our findings do not clearly support the notion of a ‘global youth generation’, as young people in various countries hold different work value priorities. This suggests that employers seeking to recruit, engage and retain young workers internationally must tailor their offerings to the specific cultural context.
Resolving Dynamic Shortest Path Routing Problems in Mobile Adhoc Networks using ABC and ACO

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a dynamic multihop wireless network which is self organized and self managed network. MANET is decentralized by a collection of mobile nodes. The major problem in MANET is fast changing nature due to the random movement of the nodes. Routing is the process of moving information across the network from a source to a destination. Routing is challenging in this type of networks due to the mobility of nodes, energy and limited resources etc. This type of networks has difficult to find a path between the communicating nodes. Nature-inspired algorithms (swarm intelligence) such as ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm have shown to be a good technique for identifying multiple stable paths between source and destination nodes. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for finding dynamic shortest path and also avoiding the convergence to a locally optimal solution. The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is proposed for finding the dynamic shortest path with best parameter vector which minimizes an objective function.
PERTURBATIONS OF VECTOR FIELDS ON TORI: RESONANT NORMAL FORMS AND DIOPHANTINE PHENOMENA

Abstract This paper concerns perturbations of smooth vector fields on $\mathbb{T}^n$ (constant if $n\geq3$) with zeroth-order $C^\infty$ and Gevrey $G^\sigma$, $\sigma\geq1$, pseudodifferential operators. Simultaneous resonance is introduced and simultaneous resonant normal forms are exhibited (via conjugation with an elliptic pseudodifferential operator) under optimal simultaneous Diophantine conditions outside the resonances. In the $C^\infty$ category the results are complete, while in the Gevrey category the effect of the loss of the Gevrey regularity of the conjugating operators due to Diophantine conditions is encountered. The normal forms are used to study global hypoellipticity in $C^\infty$ and Gevrey $G^\sigma$. Finally, the exceptional sets associated with the simultaneous Diophantine conditions are studied. A generalized Hausdorff dimension is used to give precise estimates of the ‘size’ of different exceptional sets, including some inhomogeneous examples. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 37C15; 11J13. Secondary 58J40; 11J20; 35H05
Understanding polyethylene surface functionalization by an atmospheric He/O2 plasma through combined experiments and simulations

High density polyethylene surfaces were exposed to the atmospheric post-discharge of a radiofrequency plasma torch supplied in helium and oxygen. Dynamic water contact angle measurements were performed to evaluate changes in surface hydrophilicity and angle resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was carried out to identify the functional groups responsible for wettability changes and to study their subsurface depth profiles, up to 9 nm in depth. The reactions leading to the formation of C–O, C = O and O–C = O groups were simulated by molecular dynamics. These simulations demonstrate that impinging oxygen atoms do not react immediately upon impact but rather remain at or close to the surface before eventually reacting. The simulations also explain the release of gaseous species in the ambient environment as well as the ejection of low molecular weight oxidized materials from the surface.
Performance Evaluation for Multicasting Video over OpenFlow-based Small-scale Network

When demand for transmitting multimedia data increases, network congestion is more likely to occur and users will suffer high loss rate as well as high delay. In order to enhance quality-of-service (QoS) of video multicasting, we need to raise transmission reliability and reduce end-to-end delay. This paper proposes a routing mechanism for a OpenFlow-based small-scale network in order to multicast video reliably with low delay. In our method, multipath routing will be applied to Multiple Description (MD) Coded video to exploit its multi-description property. Through performance evaluation, our method shows improvement on loss rate, delay and video distortion.
Exact Methods for Solving Traveling Salesman Problems with Pickup and Delivery in Real Time

The Traveling Salesman Problem with Pickup and Delivery (TSPPD) describes the problem of finding a minimum cost path in which pickups precede their associated deliveries. The TSPPD is particularly important in the growing field of Dynamic Pickup and Delivery Problems (DPDP). These include the manyto-many Dial-A-Ride Problems (DARP) of companies such as Uber and Lyft, and meal delivery services provided by Grubhub. We examine exact methods for solving TSPPDs where orders from different pickup locations can be carried simultaneously in real-time applications, in which finding high quality solutions quickly (often in less than a second) is often more important that proving the optimality of such solutions. We consider enumeration, Constraint Programming (CP), Mixed Integer Programming (MIP), and hybrid methods combining CP and MIP. Our CP formulations examine multiple techniques for ensuring pickup and delivery precedence relationships. Finally, we attempt to provide guidance about which of these methods may be most appropriate for fast TSPPD solving given various time budgets and problem sizes.
A Survey on Copy Move Forgery Detection in Images

: Nowadays, the use of digital images are increasing day to day. With the advancement in technology, newer and newer softwares like Adobe Photoshop, GIMP etc. are emerging. With these tools even a normal person can change the content from an original image. This leads to image tampering. Image tampering are of various types and one of the most common type is the copy-move forgery. Copy-move forgery is the process in which a portion of the image is copied and pasted into another portion in the same image. To make the detection difficult, a forger can apply some preprocessing operations also. By doing this, the forged region might not be visible at a glance. Since, the images are an important source of information, and is used in some legal investigations, medical fields etc. it is necessary to ensure the integrity and authenticity of an image. Therefore, an efficient detection method should be adopted to detect the forged areas.
Internal wave drag in stratified flow over mountains on a beta plane

The impact of the variation of the Coriolis parameter f on the drag exerted by internal Rossby‐gravity waves on elliptical mountains is evaluated using linear theory, assuming constant wind and static stability and a beta‐plane approximation. Previous calculations of inertia‐gravity wave drag are thus extended in an attempt to establish a connection with existing studies on planetary wave drag, developed primarily for fluids topped by a rigid lid. It is found that the internal wave drag for zonal westerly flow strongly increases relative to that given by the calculation where f is assumed to be a constant, particularly at high latitudes and for mountains aligned meridionally. Drag increases with mountain width for sufficiently wide mountains, reaching values much larger than those valid in the non‐rotating limit. This occurs because the drag receives contributions from a low wavenumber range, controlled by the beta effect, which accounts for the drag amplification found here. This drag amplification is shown to be considerable for idealized analogues of real mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas and the Rocky mountains, and comparable to the barotropic Rossby wave drag addressed in previous studies. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Jatropha Biofuel Industry: The Challenges Jatropha Biofuel Industry: The Challenges

Considering environmental issues and to reduce dependency on fossil fuel many countries have politicized to replenish fossil fuel demand from renewable sources. Citing the potential of Jatropha mostly without any scientific and technological backup, it is believed to be one of the most suitable biofuel candidates. Huge grants were released by many projects for huge plantation of Jatropha (millions of hectares). Unfortunately, there has been no significant progress, and Jatropha did not contribute much in the energy scenario. Unavailability of high-yielding cultivar, large-scale plantation without the evaluation of the planting materials, knowledge gap and basic research gap seem to be the main reasons for failure. Thus, the production of Jatropha as a biofuel has been confronted with various challenges such as production, oil extraction, conversion and also its use as a sustainable biofuel. In this chapter, we disclose the challenges and possible remedy for the contribution in the biofuel industry. by the turning pace of the screw throughput.
Efficacy of Hematological and Coagulation Parameters in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background : The diagnosis and management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have improved significantly over the past few decades; however, the recognition of myocardial ischemia still proves to be a dilemma for cardiologists. The aim of this study was to determine the role of hematological and coagulation parameters in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with ACS. Methods: This prospective study recruited 250 patients with ACS and 250 healthy controls. The diagnostic role of hematological and coagulation parameters was assessed by comparing the patients with ACS with the control group. The relationships between these parameters and mortality were determined by dividing the patients into 2 groups: Group A (discharged) and Group B (patients who died within 30 days of follow-up). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR). Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.14±10.71 years, and 65.2% of them were male. Prothrombin time (P<0.001), activated partial thromboplastin time (P<0.001), mean platelet volume (MPV) (P<0.001), white blood cell (WBC) count (P<0.001), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (P<0.001) were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. WBC count (P<0.001), RDW (P<0.001), and MPV (P<0.001) were significantly higher in the controls than in the case group. The Cox regression model showed that RDW above 16.55% (HR=6.8), MPV greater than 11.25 fL (HR=2.6), and WBC higher than 10.55×103/μL (HR=6.3) were the independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: In addition to being the independent predictors of short-term mortality, RDW, WBC, and MPV when used together with the coagulation profile may aid in the diagnosis of ACS in patients presenting with chest pain.