Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SURFACE-MOUNT PIFA USING BALL GRID ARRAY PACKAGING FOR 5G MMWAVE

In this letter, a surface-mount planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed for the 5G mmWave system using ball grid array packaging (BGA). To meet the requirement of cost-effectiveness, the proposed antenna element is designed on a single FR4 layer to achieve low cost. To achieve a compact size, the BGA packaging is used on the proposed antenna element. Finally, the size of the antenna prototype is only 4.5mm × 4.5mm × 1.3 mm. Besides, the surface-mount feature allows the proposed antenna to be integrated with other devices in the same system package. The simulation and measurement results are discussed in detail. The measurement results show that the impedance bandwidth of −10 dB is 15.3% (24.7–29.6 GHz), and the peak gain is 5.85 dBi at 28 GHz. The proposed PIFA can be used in the 5G NR bands N257 (26.5–29.5 GHz), N258 (24.25–27.5 GHz), and N261 (27.5– 28.35 GHz).
Volcanic plumes: Evaluation of spectroscopic measurements, early detection, and bromine chemistry

Volcanos emit inter alia highly reactive chemical compounds, which influence the atmosphere on a local, regional and global scale. Subject of this study are measurements of volcanic plumes via differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). A new tool for analysis and optimisation of evaluation schemes was developed, which is applicable to any DOAS measurement. Measurements of bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2 ) are presented, which were gathered at Mt. Etna (Italy) and Pacaya (Guatemala). For Mt. Etna, the measurements describe the evolution of BrO at plume ages of 5 min. - 100 min., which are the first simultaneously performed measurements in “aged” plumes. Measured BrO/SO2 ratios range between 0.4E-4 and 1.2E-4. The measurements show, that chemical model calculations inadequately describe the evolution of BrO. Furthermore the first detection of BrO at Pacaya volcano (Guatemala) is presented, the evolution of BrO from the crater rim (<0.2E-4) to a plume age of 5 min. (1.25E-4 ) at high time resolution was observed. At Popocatepetl volcano (Mexico), the feasibility of the DOAS technique was explored to be a central component in an early in-flight warning system of volcanic SO2 clouds for aviation. A maximum detection distance of 80 km is derived, which is sufficient in order to perform evasive manoeuvres.
Cationic Copolymerization and Multicomponent Polymerization of Isobutylene with C4 Olefins

Cationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB) in the presence of other C4 olefins, 1-butene (B1), cis-2-butene (C2B), and 1,3-butadiene (BD) using the ethylaluminum dichloride (EADC)·bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (CEE) complex in conjunction with tert-butyl chloride (t-BuCl) as initiator in hexanes at 0 °C has been investigated. The reactivity ratio of IB rIB = 1100 was determined for copolymerization of IB and B1 at low conversions, using product compositions obtained from inverse gated 13C NMR analysis. The reactivity ratio of B1 rB1 = 1 was deduced from theoretical considerations. At low B1 incorporation levels, exo-olefin contents remained high in the copolymers, and the molecular weights were virtually unchanged relative to the experiments with IB alone [Banerjee, S. ; Macromolecules 2015, 48, 5474]. Close to linear first-order plots of ln{[M]0/[M]} versus time were obtained ([M]0 and [M] are IB concentrations at time t = 0 and t, respectively) when the copolymerization was carried out with [IB] > 2 M. This .
MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR RESPONSES OF COWPEA (VIGNA SINENSIS L.) TO NICKEL TOXICITY

One of the environmental risks that threatens us is the toxicity of nickel (Ni). Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) plants require it in trace amounts, while high concentrations of it influence their biochemical and physiological processes. In the current study, the effect of various concentrations of nickel (100, 200, and 300 mg Ni / kg soil) has been investigated to identify their effects on Vigna sinensis. The results revealed the negative effects of nickel on most of the studied physiological and morphological traits compared with those of the control. The concentrations of mineral elements and chlorophyll decreased significantly. Reducing, non-reducing and total sugar content were affected negatively. Furthermore, the activity of studied enzymes (APX, GPX, CAT, SOD) decreased significantly. Moreover, the negative effects of nickel concentrations on the root, stem, leaves, seeds, flowers and fruits were obvious. On a molecular level, the ISSR markers could not detect any polymorphism, indicating no toxic effect of nickel on the DNA at the studied concentrations. It is obvious that the nickel has a toxic effect on Vigna sinensis at physiological and morphological levels. The conduction of more investigations on the effects of nickel on a molecular level using more molecular markers is highly recommended.
Low-Rank and Sparse Representation for Hyperspectral Image Processing: A review

Combining rich spectral and spatial information, a hyperspectral image (HSI) can provide a more comprehensive characterization of the Earth’s surface. To better exploit HSIs, a large number of algorithms have been developed during the past few decades. Due to their very high correlation between spectral channels and spatial pixels, HSIs have intrinsically sparse and low-rank structures. The sparse representation (SR) and low-rank representation (LRR)-based methods have proven to be powerful tools for HSI processing and are widely used in different HS fields. In this article, we present a survey of low-rank and sparse-based HSI processing methods in the fields of denoising, superresolution, dimension reduction, unmixing, classification, and anomaly detection. The purpose is to provide guidelines and inspiration to practitioners for promoting the development of HSI processing. For a listing of the key terms discussed in this article, see “Nomenclature. ”
An empirical evaluation of machine learning performance in corporate sales growth prediction

Corporate performance prediction has attracted considerable research interest in the investment and ﬁnancial risk management ﬁelds. This study comprehensively examines the ability of machine learning algorithms to integrate analysis of sales growth prediction, with speciﬁc focus on random forest, weighted random forest, gradient boosting decision tree, and support vector machine, as well as a least-squares probabilistic classiﬁer. We carried out an experimental comparison study over a dataset comprising real corporate data on the eﬀectiveness of these ﬁve machine-learning algorithms. The results showed suﬃcient performance for some machine-learning algorithms
Surface tension estimation of high temperature melts of the binary alloys Ag–Au

Abstract Surface tension calculation of the binary alloys Ag–Au at the temperature of 1381 K, where Ag and Au have similar electronic structures and their atomic radii are comparable, are carried out in this study using several equations over entire composition range of Au. Apparently, the deviations from ideality of the bulk solutions, such as activities of Ag and Au are small and the maximum excess Gibbs free energy of mixing of the liquid phase is for instance −4500 J/mol at XAu = 0.5. Besides, the results obtained in Ag–Au alloys that at a constant temperature the surface tension increases with increasing composition while the surface tension decreases as the temperature increases for entire composition range of Au. Although data about surface tension of the Ag–Au alloy are limited, it was possible to make a comparison for the calculated results for the surface tension in this study with the available experimental data. Taken together, the average standard error analysis that especially the improved Guggenheim model in the other models gives the best agreement along with the experimental results at temperature 1383 K although almost all models are mutually in agreement with the other one.
Psychological Distress among Bangladeshi Adults during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study

The world community including Bangladesh is doing its best to control COVID-19 but its effects on mental health are not being adequately addressed. This study aimed to investigate the psychological distress of COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults. This cross-sectional study is conducted from 10 to 20 April, 2020, through an online survey and 320 samples were selected by simple random sampling. The frequency distribution revealed that 23.8 percent, 30.9 percent and 45.3 percent of the respondents were suffering from low, moderate, and high levels of psychological distress. Male, professions other than service and housewife, and large family size were the most influential predictors of psychological distress. This study revealed that the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was remarkably significant in Bangladesh and it might emerge as a serious public health concern. The country should prepare and realize guidelines for psychological crisis management in this regard.
Research on the electrical topology design of high voltage and large capacity voltage source converter

DC grid technology based on flexible DC transmission provides new solutions to power problems such as large-scale renewable energy access, island transmission, and large city power supply. High voltage large capacity AC/DC converters and DC/DC converters have the functions of power conversion and power transfer, and are the core equipment for constructing a DC power grid. Aiming at the electrical topology of the high voltage large capacity voltage source converter, this paper proposes a topology design method based on the external voltage structure of the converter and the internal energy balance method. Firstly, the effect of the external voltage structure on the topology design is analysed. Secondly, the internal energy balance methods of the two types of converters are summarized, namely the multi-frequency method and the switching method. In this paper, a direct conversion DC/DC converter topology design is taken as an example, the application of this method is explained in detail, and the relationship between the external voltage structure of the converter and the internal energy balance is revealed.
IMPACTS OF FEEDBACK POSTED ON GOOGLE CLASSROOM ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL

Nghiên cứu nhằm tìm ra ảnh hưởng của những nhận xét mà giảng viên gửi cho sinh viên trên Google Classroom – một nền tảng miễn phí được tích hợp trên các tài khoản thư điện tử (email) đối với việc nâng cao kỹ năng nói của sinh viên năm hai, tại Trường Ngoại ngữ - Đại học Thái Nguyên. Phương pháp quan sát và khảo sát được tác giả sử dụng để thu thập dữ liệu nghiên cứu. Nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng những nhận xét của giáo viên giúp sinh viên ý thức sâu sắc ưu điểm và nhược điểm của bản thân trong các bài nói. Trong các nhận xét, giảng viên cũng đề xuất một số biện pháp khắc phục các lỗi sinh viên mắc phải. Kết quả là khả năng nói của sinh viên dần được cải thiện. Nghiên cứu cũng chỉ ra rằng Google Classroom giúp sinh viên tiết kiệm thời gian tìm kiếm nhận xét của giảng viên dành cho bài nói của mình. Giảng viên và giáo viên có thể tham khảo nghiên cứu như một phương pháp hữu ích nhằm quản lý bài tập về nhà của học sinh, sinh viên trong thời đại công nghệ và trong bối cảnh vi-rút Corona còn hoành hành trên toàn cầu.
Competing orders in Uru2Si2: from ordered magnetism to spin liquid phases

The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the competing ordered phases in the metallic heavy fermion compound URu2Si2, which displays a body-centered tetragonallattice. We first provide a study case of the competition between antiferromagnetic(AF) and spin liquid phases. The antiferromagnetic state is study with spin-wave theory. Whereas the spin liquid analysis has been carried out in an algebraic spin liquid representation.In the second part, we describe an effective theory for Raman scattering experiments at these particular phases. We provide insight about the hidden order phase displayed by the heavy fermion compound URu2Si2.
Interaction cultivar environment in soybean for protein yield with different fertilization and sowing dates

Keywords— Glycine max, stability and adaptability, stratification and dissimilarity. Abstract— This study aimed at evaluating the interaction cultivar × environments for the oil and protein yield of the grains, in soybeans grown under different levels of potassium fertilization, in two sowing times, in the state of Tocantins. In the agricultural year of 2013/14, were performed twelve soybean cultivars competition trials in Palmas/TO. In each season, each test represented a distinct environment and consisted of a level of potassium fertilization (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, or 200 Kg K2O ha). The experimental design used in each test was a randomized block with 10 cultivars and three replications. Analyzes of stability and adaptability, stratification and environmental dissimilarity were performed. Potassium levels and sowing times resulted in differential performance of soybean cultivars. The BRS 333RR cultivar was presented as potentially promising for oil yield and BRS 9090RR for protein. The evaluation tests of soybean cultivars can be performed using low levels of potassium fertilization, providing reduced costs and less contamination of the water table.
Caracterização de nanopartículas poliméricas preenchidas com óleo essencial de Piper nigrum por microscopia de força atômica

RESUMO Óleos essenciais derivados de plantas têm chamado a atenção devido a uma série de propriedades físico-químicas e atividades biológicas. Entretanto, eles possuem diversas limitações, pois são voláteis e instáveis na presença de umidade, altas temperaturas, ar e luz e, assim, técnicas de encapsulamento surgem como alternativa para proteção das propriedades funcionais desses óleos fornecendo, ainda, uma liberação lenta e controlada. Devido a lenta degradação biológica dos materiais que compõem a parede da cápsula e a duração prolongada da ação de liberação do óleo, micro e nanocápsulas são de grande interesse científico e tecnológico. Neste trabalho, nanopartículas à base de bicamada foram desenvolvidas usando gelatina e poli-ε-caprolactona visando proteger o óleo essencial de Piper nigrum por meio de encapsulamento e analisadas por microscopia de força atômica. Nanopartículas com e sem óleo essencial de pimenta preta foram preparadas e gotejadas em lâminas de vidro para formar filmes que foram investigados por imagens com resoluções de 256 x 256 pixels com áreas de 5 x 5 mm2. O óleo foi obtido por meio de sementes de pimenta que foram trituradas e submetidas à hidrodestilação usando um aparelho do tipo Clevenger. Gelatina e poli-? -caprolactano foram usados como material de parede, cuja eficiência de encapsulamento foi de 98,50 %. Foram obtidas nanopartículas com diâmetros variando de 193,52 ± 40,14 até 295,54 ± 53,50 nm (sem e com óleo, respectivamente). Além disto, foram comparadas também as alturas, densidades e o desvio médio quadrático das rugosidades das amostras indicando uma tendência de aumento nestes parâmetros em função da incorporação de óleo essencial na síntese, exceto na densidade devido ao crescimento das outras dimensões.
Layout Estimation for Layered Ink of 3D Printer to Reproduce the Desired Line Spread Function of Skin using Simulated Data

In this article, the authors propose a method to estimate the ink layer layout for a three-dimensional (3D) printer. This enables 3D printed skin to be produced with the desired translucency, which they represent as line spread function (LSF). A deep neural network in an encoder–decoder model is used for the estimation. It was previously reported that machine learning is an effective way to formulate the complex relationship between optical properties such as LSF and the ink layer layout in a 3D printer. However, although 3D printers are more widespread, the printing process is still time-consuming. Hence, it may be difficult to collect enough data to train a neural network sufficiently. Therefore, in this research, they prepare the training data, which is the correspondence between an LSF and the ink layer layout in a 3D printer, via computer simulation. They use a method to simulate the subsurface scattering of light for multilayered media. The deep neural network was trained with the simulated data and evaluated using a CG skin object. The result shows that their proposed method can estimate an appropriate ink layer layout that closely reproduces the target color and translucency.
Homogeneous cooling and heating states of dilute soft-core gases under nonlinear drag

The temperature evolution of dilute soft inertial gas-solid suspensions is theoretically analyzed when the gas particles are influenced by a nonlinear drag force from a background fluid. The kinetic theory is extended to this system, and the time evolutions of the temperature and the kurtosis of the velocity distribution are derived. Molecular dynamics simulations are also performed to check the validity of the theory, and they show good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Does Nearby Open Flux Affect the Eruptivity of Solar Active Regions?

The most energetic solar flares are typically associated with the ejection of a cloud of coronal material into the heliosphere in the form of a coronal mass ejection (CME). However, large flares exist that are not accompanied by a CME. The existence of these noneruptive flares raises the question of whether such flares suffer from a lack of access to nearby open fields in the vicinity above the flare (reconnection) site. In this study, we use a sample of 56 flares from sunspot Cycles 23 and 24 to test whether active regions that produce eruptive X-class flares are preferentially located near coronal magnetic field domains that are open to the heliosphere, as inferred from a potential field source-surface model. The study shows that X-class flares with access to open fields are eruptive at a higher rate than those for which access is lacking. The significance of this result should be moderated due to the small number of noneruptive X-class flares in the sample, based on the associated Bayes factor.
Feasibility of Virtual Reality Audiological Testing: Prospective Study

Background It has been noted in the literature that there is a gap between clinical assessment and real-world performance. Real-world conversations entail visual and audio information, yet there are not any audiological assessment tools that include visual information. Virtual reality (VR) technology has been applied to various areas, including audiology. However, the use of VR in speech-in-noise perception has not yet been investigated. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of virtual space (VS) on speech performance and its feasibility to be used as a speech test instrument. We hypothesized that individuals’ ability to recognize speech would improve when visual cues were provided. Methods A total of 30 individuals with normal hearing and 25 individuals with hearing loss completed pure-tone audiometry and the Korean version of the Hearing in Noise Test (K-HINT) under three conditions—conventional K-HINT (cK-HINT), VS on PC (VSPC), and VS head-mounted display (VSHMD)—at –10 dB, –5 dB, 0 dB, and +5 dB signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Participants listened to target speech and repeated it back to the tester for all conditions. Hearing aid users in the hearing loss group completed testing under unaided and aided conditions. A questionnaire was administered after testing to gather subjective opinions on the headset, the VSHMD condition, and test preference. Results Provision of visual information had a significant impact on speech performance between the normal hearing and hearing impaired groups. The Mann-Whitney U test showed statistical significance (P<.05) between the two groups under all test conditions. Hearing aid use led to better integration of audio and visual cues. Statistical significance through the Mann-Whitney U test was observed for –5 dB (P=.04) and 0 dB (P=.02) SNRs under the cK-HINT condition, as well as for –10 dB (P=.007) and 0 dB (P=.04) SNRs under the VSPC condition, between hearing aid and non–hearing aid users. Participants reported positive responses across almost all items on the questionnaire except for the weight of the headset. Participants preferred a test method with visual imagery, but found the headset to be heavy. Conclusions Findings are in line with previous literature that showed that visual cues were beneficial for communication. This is the first study to include hearing aid users with a more naturalistic stimulus and a relatively simple test environment, suggesting the feasibility of VR audiological testing in clinical practice.
Pruning after budburst to delay and spread grape maturity

Background and Aims The shift in phenological development is the most conspicuous biological effect of climate change in vineyards worldwide. Associated with the advancement in maturity there has been a compression of the harvest period that places significant pressure on vineyard and winery infrastructure. Our aims were to test the feasibility of using delayed pruning as a tool to delay ripening and decompress maturity, to establish how much pruning can be delayed before compromising yield, and to compare the response of Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz. Methods and Results Five pruning dates (from winter up to 3 weeks after budburst) were applied in a commercial vineyard, and we monitored phenology, fruit maturation, and measured yield and its components. The maturation, as determined by sugar concentration, was delayed by up to 3 weeks in Shiraz and by 2 weeks in Cabernet Sauvignon. The yield response varied between pruning dates. The Shiraz vines pruned at the latest phenological stage (E-L 15) recorded a reduction in yield of over 50%; the yield of the other treatments ranged from a 24% reduction to a 55% increase relative to that of the Control. Conclusion Maturity was delayed with mostly neutral or positive effects on fruit composition. Significance of the Study Delayed pruning offers a real and cost-effective tool to allow the Australian wine industry to adapt to climate change by delaying ripening and decompressing harvest.
Bacterial biosorption of heavy metals from liquid wastestreams

In this study, immobilized activated sludge from a municipal wastewater aerobic treatment plant has been evaluated as a potential biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals from liquid waste streams. The method of immobilization consists of entrapment of the microorganisms in calcium alginate beads. The affinity of immobilized activated sludge to cadmium, lead, chromium and copper has been evaluated under well defined laboratory conditions. Initially, the time course of metallic ions uptake and the effect of pH and temperature on biosorption were studied for each metal. Then the biosorption pattern and the effect of biosorbent concentration on binding capacity were investigated. It was found that biosorption by the bacterial beads could be described by the Freundlich Isotherm. A bench-scale system has been developed and tested to optimize the biosorption process. Promising results have been obtained for lead and chromium. Results indicate that alginate-immobilized activated sludge has a capacity to adsorb a maximum of 240 mg Pb2+/g dry biobeads; 36.9 mg Cr3+/g dry biobeads; 18.9 mg Cu2+/g dry biobeads, and 7.2 mg Cd/g dry biobeads. A residual Pb2+concentration of 0.04 mg/l, which is below the drinking water limit, has been obtained with biobeads in a bench- scale biosorption treatment of lead from an initial concentration of 300 mg/l. This is a very encouraging result, because at a concentrations of Pb2+as high as 300 mg/l the metabolic activity of the sludge is not inhibited. Therefore, biodegradation of organic contaminants, which might be found along with lead in some industrial effluents, can occur at the same time. Other results suggest that the sludge biosorbent can also be used to selectively remove specific metals from solutions containing various metal ions. This may be done by adjusting the conditions of biosorption, especially the pH.