Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal microhabitat selectivity by juvenile steelhead in a central California coastal river

Microhabitat data were collected at focal positions of juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Big Sur River, California during spring, summer, and fall. An equal-area sampling approach was used to guide fish surveys and allocate habitat availability sampling among seasons, river reaches, and mesohabitat types. Juvenile steelhead trout habitat selection changed with fish size, season, discharge, and habitat availability. Water depth and water velocity were of primary importance in habitat selection for all size groups of rearing steelhead. Habitat Suitability Criteria (HSC) were prepared for water depth, mean water velocity, focal velocity, specific escape cover types, and distance to in-water escape cover to reflect seasonal habitat selectivity for rearing steelhead. Habitat “preference” HSC (use adjusted for availability using the U/A forage ratio) were also developed and compared with the equal-area selectivity HSC and with habitat availability. The U/A results produced extreme shifts in maximum suitability for several curves, and perhaps more significantly the U/A ratios severely deflated suitabilities where the majority of the fish were observed. With proper habitat stratification and non-limiting sampling conditions (e.g., adequate flows and non-degraded habitat), use of an equal-area sampling design for site-specific selectivity HSC development was determined to be a viable option for development of biologically relevant and representative HSC, and apt for effective environmental flow recommendations.
REACTIVE POWER CONTROL OF DOUBLY FED INDUCTION GENERATOR USING DIRECT POWER CONTROL

Active and reactive power control of DFIG using back to back converter, operation is reviewed and the mathematical model for real and reactive powers are derived from its equivalent circuit. The control circuit for Grid Side Converter (GSC) and Rotor Side Converter (RSC) have been prepared and implemented by using DPC scheme. Direct power control technique based on grid voltage orientation has been proposed. The DPC gets the same control performance as vector control, but has better robustness and simple structure. This DPC approaches the Instantaneous Reactive Power (IRP) p-q theory, which is based on the Clarke transform of voltages and currents in three-phase systems into α and β orthogonal coordinates. In this proposed control, DPC is used to control both active and reactive power under steady state condition. The simulation of a 1hp DFIG based GCWECS with PI controller is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink. The steady state behavior of system was analyzed for synchronous (157 rad/sec), sub synchronous (135 rad/sec) and super synchronous speed (179 rad/sec). The reactive power supplied by DFIG for three modes of operations (synchronous, sub synchronous and super synchronous speeds) are zero, and has been validated by the simulation results. The hardware results also confirmed the reactive power as zero for all the three conditions. KEYWORDS— Renewable energy, DFIG, Back to back converter, Direct power control.
Continuous characters analyzed as such

Quantitative and continuous characters have rarely been included in cladistic analyses of morphological data; when included, they have always been discretized, using a variety of ad hoc methods. As continuous characters are typically additive, they can be optimized with well known algorithms, so that with a proper implementation they could be easily analyzed without discretization. The program TNT has recently incorporated algorithms for analysis of continuous characters. One of the problems that has been pointed out with existing methods for discretization is that they can attribute different states to terminals that do not differ significantly—or vice versa. With the implementation in TNT, this problem is diminished (or avoided entirely) by simply assigning to each terminal a range that goes from the mean minus one (or two) SE to the mean plus one (or two) SE; given normal distributions, terminals that do not overlap thus differ significantly (more significantly if using more than 1 SE). Three real data sets (for scorpions, spiders and lizards) comprising both discrete and quantitative characters are analyzed to study the performance of continuous characters. One of the matrices has a reduced number of continuous characters, and thus continuous characters analyzed by themselves produce only poorly resolved trees; the support for many of the groups supported by the discrete characters alone, however, is increased when the continuous characters are added to the analysis. The other two matrices have larger numbers of continuous characters, so that the results of separate analyses for the discrete and the continuous characters can be more meaningfully compared. In both cases, the continuous characters (analyzed alone) result in trees that are relatively similar to the trees produced by the discrete characters alone. These results suggest that continuous characters carry indeed phylogenetic information, and that (if they have been observed) there is no real reason to exclude them from the analysis.
The Addition of Contract Relax Stretching Method is Better in Increasing The Range of Motion of Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative and chronic joint diseases due to bone and cartilage damage that can decrease the range of motion (ROM) and limit daily activities. To accelerate ROM improvement of the knee joint, authors added contract relax stretching (CRS) on the standard roll-glide (RG) and transverse friction (TF) methods. The purpose of this study to prove the addition of CRS intervention on the RG and TF mobilization further increase the knee ROM. This research was an experimental cohort study with pre-test and post-test control group design at Pelabuhan I Hospital, Medan. The research subjects were 22 people who were divided into two groups; namely the treatment group and the control group. The treatment group was given additional intervention of CRS and a control group given standard intervention. ROM improvemenet in the treatment group with a mean degree of 89.55 ± 6.105 before the intervention and after the intervention was 144.55 ± 4.719 with p = 0.001 and the control group with an average 90.91 ± 5.394 before the intervention, and after the intervention was 138.18 ± 6.030 with p = 0.001. Analysis between the treatment and control group after the intervention using independent t-test, p value = 0.012 (p<0.05). It was concluded that the addition of CRS intervention on the standard method, further increase the ROM in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Multi-Valued Decision Diagrams

Many problems can he stated naturally using variables that have multiple values (i.e., lake their valuesfrom a discretesci». Functionsdefined on thesevariables can also take on valuesfrom a discrete set. Examples of such problems range from combinatorial optimization such as routing and resource scheduling, tologic simulation and formal verification, and tologic synthesis such asstate minimization and state assignment. In many cases these problems are NP-Complete orcoNP-Complete. Compact representation and efficient manipulation ofsuch multi-valued functions are key to the design ofefficient algorithms that advance the frontier ofthe problems that can be solved exactly. Binary decision diagrams (BDDs) are such a compact representation for problems involving binary variables. In this paper, we define the multi-valued decision diagram (MDD), which isacanonical representation ofa multi-valued function asa directed acyclic graph. We analyze itsproperties, and provide algorithms for constructing and manipulating MDDs. With our MDD package, an MDD is mapped into a BDD using either alogarithmic encoding or a1-hot encoding, each suitable for adifferent class ofapplications. Wc have applied both kinds ofMDD to many different applications and this paper serves as a summary ofthe work done sofar. Furthermore, general problem solving techniques, such asbinate table covering and other graph algorithms have been formulated using MDDs.
Use of Wastewaters from Ethanol Distilleries and Glycerol Mixtures for Microbial Oils Production

Biodiesel has become more attractive in recent years because of its environmental benefits. One way to reduce the high cost of biodiesel is by lowering the cost of raw materials specially oils. Recently, much attention has been paid to the development of microbial oils through cultures of oleaginous microorganisms in inexpensive substrates as the wastewaters of some food industries and the crude glycerol from biodiesel production itself. Thus, cultivation of oleaginous yeasts in glycerol-based media is attracting great interest and natural biodiversity is increasingly explored to identify novel oleaginous species recycling this carbon source for growth and lipid production. Identification of oleaginous yeasts and the evaluation in glycerol and vinasse mixtures was employed to produce biomass enriched in microbial lipids and to remove nutrients from vinasse simultaneously. The fatty acid composition of the lipids was similar to that from plant oils and other microbial lipids therefore they can be used as raw material for feed additives and biodiesel production.
A Quantitative Exploration of the Opportunistic Approach to Disinflation

Under a conventional policy rule, a central bank adjusts its policy rate linearly according to the gap between inflation and its target, and the gap between output and its potential. Under “the opportunistic approach to disinflation” a central bank controls inflation aggressively when inflation is far from its target, but concentrates more on output stabilization when inflation is close to its target, allowing supply shocks and unforeseen fluctuations in aggregate demand to move inflation within a certain band. We use stochastic simulations of a small-scale rational expectations model to contrast the behavior of output and inflation under opportunistic and linear rules.
Ionic Liquids as Designer Solvents for the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

Size and shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanostructures has received significant interest in materials research, as metal nanoparticles are likely to have a considerable impact upon the fields of catalysis, sensing, photonics, optoelectronics and biology, due to their unique size- and shape-tunable physico-chemical properties (Hao et al., 2004; Burda et al., 2005; Shukla et al., 2005; Lu et al., 2009; Sardar et al., 2009). With significant developments in this field, the current focus is predominantly on synthesis of ultra-fine (sub-10 nm) metal nanoparticles with narrow size distribution that remain stable in reaction media, tuning the shape of metal nanostructures, to understand the metal nanoparticles shape-guiding mechanisms, and to understand their structure-property correlation (Lu et al., 2009). To prepare metal nanoparticles (colloids), the most commonly employed approach is the bottom-up wet-chemistry approach. In this approach, typically in the presence of a capping/stabilizing agent, metal ions are controllably reduced, wherein individual metal atoms combine to form metal nanoparticles stabilized by capping agents. Although in few instances reducing agents themselves act as stabilizers, capping agents are generally considered essential to minimize the surface free energy of metal nanoparticles, which would otherwise aggregate in the absence of these capping agents. In most of the well established wet-chemistry routes of metal nanoparticles synthesis, aqueous or organic solvents are generally employed, while the use of ionic liquids (ILs) for synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a relatively recent phenomenon.
Modeling and Optimization of Synchronous Behavior for Packaging Machines

This paper proposes a new modeling solution for the synchronous behavior of packaging machines, and a strategy for maximizing the production rate based on a formal model. A common modeling platform is recommended to handle information exchange and to develop a collaborative workflow, in this paper involving mechanical design and software development. The modeling solution for the synchronous behavior is developed in SysML (Systems Modeling Language), being the common platform. Then a formal modeling language called Sequence Planner Language (SPL) is interfaced with SysML, to overcome some limitations of SysML. The synchronous behavior of the packaging machine is also developed in SPL, from which the optimization problem is defined. The result of the optimization shows that it is possible to improve the efficiency of packaging machines with new configurations compared to more conventional design. The proposed strategy is evaluated for a filling machine at Tetra Pak.
Analysis of Phylogeny and Evolutionary Divergence of RbcL Sequence of Barleria longiflora L.f

Barleria longiflora L.f belongs to the family Acanthaceae which is endemic distribution. Presence of this plant in Erattamalai hill, located in Tiruchirappalli District of Tamil Nadu, India. The rbcl gene is widely used in systematic studies to resolve divergences at many taxonomic levels. The collected B. longiflora were subjected to sequence analysis of rbcL gene and the same was deposited in Gene Bank and an accession number has been assigned for the same (Accession No. KR861703.1). The data was further analyzed for the construction of neighbor joining tree and to infer the evolutionary divergence among the maximum identical sequences retrieved from NCBI Gene Bank through BLAST search. The results of the search revealed that the rbcL sequence of B. longiflora has not been sequenced earlier from any part of this world. It is obvious that the rbcL sequence o fB. longiflora may be used for the identification of this species reported from any part of the world through BLAST analysis if the identical sequences are submitted to Gene Bank in future.
Cancer chemopreventive effect of dietary Zataria multiflora essential oils

Zataria multiflora Boiss. , with the common name Avishan-e-Shirazi, is native to Iran. This herb has been found to possess varied pharmacological properties. In the present study, for the first time, colon chemopreventive effects of Z. multiflora essential oils (0.01% and 0.1% in the diet) in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) were demonstrated. For this purpose, the oxidative stress/antioxidant parameters (lipid peroxidation, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ferric reducing ability of plasma) concomitant with xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (CYP450 and GST) were considered. Moreover, the colonic Beta-catenin protein was examined in colon tissues followed by histopathological analysis. The results showed that the dietary intervention of Z. multiflora oils in tumor-bearing rats induced with DMH caused significant modulatory effects on DMH-metabolizing enzymes, but with lack of oxidative stress/antioxidant status. In parallel, the elevated protein Beta-catenin induced by DMH decreased significantly in treatment groups. However, the decreased tumor formations in histopathological biopsies in treated groups further confirmed these results. Thus, with reference to histopathological and biochemical data, it can be safely concluded that inhibition of colon premalignant lesions induced by DMH was mediated by the interference of Z. multiflora oils through the modulatory effect of DMH-metabolizing enzymes in association with Beta-catenin and no impact of antioxidant/oxidative stress state.
On the completeness of compositional reasoning

Several proof rules based on the assume-guarantee paradigm have been proposed for compositional reasoning about concurrent systems. Some of the rules are syntactically circular in nature, in that assumptions and guarantees appear to be circularly dependent. While these rules are sound, we show that several such rules are incomplete, i.e., there are true properties of a composition that cannot be deduced using these rules. We present a new sound and complete circular rule. We also show that circular and non-circular rules are closely related. For the circular rules defined here, proofs with circular rules can be efficiently transformed to proofs with non-circular rules and vice versa.
Potential for a New Multimillennial Tree-Ring Chronology from Subfossil Balkan River Oaks

A total of 272 oak (Quercus sp.) samples have been collected from large subfossil trees dredged from sediment deposited by the Sava and various tributary rivers in the Zagreb region of northwestern Croatia, and in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Measurement series of tree-ring widths from these samples produced 12 groups, totaling 3456 years of floating tree-ring chronologies spread through the last ca. 8000 years. This work represents the first step in creating a new, high-resolution resource for dating and paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the Balkan region and potentially a means to bridge between the floating tree-ring chronologies of the wider Mediterranean region and the continuous long chronologies from central Europe.
A comparison of three methods of estimating digestibility for determining intake of grazing cattle

Highlight: In vitro plus pepsin digest (IVP), lignin ratio (LR), and in vitro plus neutral detergent digest (IVND) were of about equal value in estimating digestibility of spring forage grazed by steers, provided the limitations of each were considered. However, when these methods of estimating digestibility were used to estimate intake, only the IVP and LR methods gave realistic results. The IVND results were lower than the expected physical capacity of the animals, and indicated further study of this method is needed.
Tetramethylpyrazine Mitigates Toxicity and Liver Oxidative Stress in Tibial Dyschondroplasia Chickens

Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: July 10, 2017 August 23, 2017 August 30, 2017 November 21, 2017 Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal abnormality in fast growing bird, which causes down grading and serious poultry welfare issues in meat industry. TD is described as a non-viable and un-mineralized cartilage in the tibial growth plate of chickens which fails to become bone. The present study was designated to check the effect of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on liver oxidative stress and toxicity in thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia chickens. One hundred and eighty (1-day old) broiler chickens were equally divided into three groups including Control, Thiram induced (50mg/kg/d) and TMP treatment (30 mg/kg/d). All groups were raised under standard hygienic conditions and chickens were slaughtered to collect blood, liver and tibial bone samples on day 7, 10, 14 and 18 from each group. Thiram caused lameness, and significantly decreased ALP activity and increased ALT and AST contents in the serum of thiram group as compared to control group. The level of GSH-Px, T-AOC and SOD was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the MDA value and size of growth plate (GP) was increased in TD afflicted chickens as compared to control group. However, the TMP administration increased the ALP contents, and decreased the AST and ALT contents significantly (P<0.05). Furthermore, it increased SOD, T-AOC and GSH-Px and decreased MDA contents significantly (P<0.05). TMP treatment to TD afflicted birds prevented lameness, while reinstated the size of growth plate, angiogenesis, and antioxidant imbalance. TMP may be effective to treat and control of TD along with minimizing the liver damages in TD chickens. ©2017 PVJ. All rights reserved
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PEDAGOGIC INTERVENTIONS IN FIRST-YEAR ACADEMIC DEVELOPMENT AND MAINSTREAM COURSES IN MICROECONOMICS

This paper analyses the impact of pedagogic interventions in first-year academic development and mainstream courses in microeconomics on students' performance in the final examination. The data for six cohorts, covering the years 1999 and 2001-2005, are pooled, and the Heckman two-part procedure is used to account for those students who started the course but did not write the final examination. The results suggest that the pedagogic interventions have a positive impact on the performance of academic development students relative to the mainstream cohort and on the performance of mainstream students. Copyright (c) 2009 The Author. Journal compilation (c) 2009 Economic Society of South Africa.
Estimating point and density forecasts for the US economy with a factor-augmented vector autoregressive DSGE model

Abstract Although policymakers and practitioners are particularly interested in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models, these are typically too stylized to be applied directly to the data and often yield weak prediction results. Very recently, hybrid DSGE models have become popular for dealing with some of the model misspecifications. Major advances in estimation methodology could allow these models to outperform well-known time series models and effectively deal with more complex real-world problems as richer sources of data become available. In this study we introduce a Bayesian approach to estimate a novel factor augmented DSGE model that extends the model of Consolo et al. [Consolo, A. , Favero, C.A. , and Paccagnini, A. , 2009. On the Statistical Identification of DSGE Models. Journal of Econometrics, 150, 99–115]. We perform a comparative predictive evaluation of point and density forecasts for many different specifications of estimated DSGE models and various classes of VAR models, using datasets from the US economy including real-time data. Simple and hybrid DSGE models are implemented, such as DSGE-VAR and tested against standard, Bayesian and factor augmented VARs. The results can be useful for macro-forecasting and monetary policy analysis.
METHODOLOGY FOR THE REASSESSMENT OF MAGNITUDES ASSIGNED TO HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES

Since the end of nineteeth century, France has encountered several large earthquakes, however, the country faces, (1) the small amount of data and (2) uncertainties related to the macro-seismic intensity, as well as those related to the epicenter location. No considerable damage has been reported in historical documents found up to now. This work propose a reevaluation of the intensity based on probabilistic method and structural analysis. The method is built on an approach initially proposed by Ryu and Baker, who applied Bayesian updating to re-evaluate magnitudes of earthquakes based on the distribution of the damage states of the building stock. Several structures in the area considered for this study, still existing nowadays, have experienced historical earthquakes. Among them, a statue has been selected to develop and illustrate the global method. Despite the lack of precise information regarding this structure, this choice is motivated by the relative simplicity of the structure and the possibility to consider model based on rigid-body motion. More particularly, this model of inverted pendulum proposed by Housner is used to investigate the response of the statue under the seismic loading. The different damage levels are defined in terms of amplitude of the rotation of the rigid-body, sliding or rocking. Despite its simplicity, this type of models gives sufficient information in order to compute fragility curve.