Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enlist E3™ Soybean Sensitivity and Enlist™ Herbicide-Based Program Control of Sumatran Fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis)

Abstract Enlist E3™ soybean, resistant to 2,4-D, glufosinate, and glyphosate, provides options to control glyphosate-resistant Sumatran fleabane before planting and in crop. Twenty field trials were conducted in Argentina to determine Enlist E3 soybean sensitivity to POST applications of 2,4-D choline + glyphosate or glufosinate. Maximum injury from a single 2,4-D choline + glyphosate application at 1X (1140 + 1140 g ae ha-1) and 2X rate was 4% and 13%, respectively, at 3 days after treatment in the temperate Humid Pampa region. Slightly higher injury of 11 and 23% was observed in sub-tropical region of northern Argentina. Injury was transient with recovery occurring within 14 days. Injury caused by sequential applications was equivalent to that caused by single applications. Soybean yield was not affected by single nor sequential applications. In four trials, control programs containing 2,4-D choline + glyphosate applied PRE and POST provided greater GR Sumatran fleabane control and a 12 to 26% increase in yield compared to 2,4-D choline + glyphosate applied at PRE only. This research demonstrates the glyphosate-resistant control programs that include 2,4-D choline, glyphosate, and glufosinate provide excellent GR Sumatran fleabane control. Nomenclature: 2,4-D choline; glufosinate; glyphosate; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr; Sumatran fleabane, Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. H. Walker
Future carbon emissions from global mangrove forest loss

Mangroves have among the highest carbon densities of any tropical forest. These “blue carbon” ecosystems can store large amounts of carbon for long periods, and their protection reduces greenhouse gas emissions and supports climate change mitigation. The incorporation of mangroves into Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement and their valuation on carbon markets requires predicting how the management of different land-uses can prevent future greenhouse gas emissions and increase CO2 sequestration. Management actions can reduce CO2 emissions and enhance sequestration, but should be guided by predictions of future emissions, not just carbon storage. We project emissions and forgone soil carbon sequestration potential caused by mangrove loss with comprehensive global datasets for carbon stocks, mangrove distribution, deforestation rates, and drivers of land-use change. Emissions from mangrove loss could reach 2,397 Tg CO2eq by the end of the century, or 3,401 Tg CO2eq when considering forgone carbon sequestration. The highest emissions were predicted in southeast and south Asia (West Coral Triangle, Sunda Shelf, and the Bay of Bengal) due to conversion to aquaculture or agriculture, followed by the Caribbean (Tropical Northwest Atlantic) due to clearing and erosion, and the Andaman coast (West Myanmar) and north Brazil due to erosion. Together, these six regions accounted for 90% of the total potential CO2eq future emissions. We highlight hotspots for future emissions and the land-use specfic management actions that could avoid them with appropriate policies and regulation.
Greatest common divisors with moving targets and consequences for linear recurrence sequences

We establish consequences of the moving form of Schmidt’s Subspace Theorem. Indeed, we obtain inequalities that bound the logarithmic greatest common divisor of moving multivariable polynomials evaluated at moving S-unit arguments. In doing so, we complement recent work of Levin. As an additional application, we obtain results that pertain to the greatest common divisor problem for algebraic linear recurrence sequences. These observations are motivated by previous related works of Corvaja-Zannier, Levin and others.
Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta

Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition (Anak-Anak dalam Kondisi Khusus dan Rentan or AKKR) are children who must receive assistance and motivation to achieve their rights. In practice in real life, they are temporarily forced to be in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA) as a result of violating the law. It should not make them shunned, but instead, they must be assisted. Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition need enforcement of the fulfillment of their rights. The existence of Sahabat Kapas as a nonprofit non-governmental organization (NGO) located in Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia, provides concerns and solicitudes for Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition. This research aims to analyze and describe the forms of social practice based on habitus in Sahabat Kapas organization. This research used a qualitative research method with Bourdieu’s genetic structuralism approach. Informants were determined using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was performed using participant observation techniques in the field, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Data were analyzed in three stages, including data reduction, data presentation, and ended with concluding. Data were verified by source triangulation. The results showed that Sahabat Kapas became an alternative to assist Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition conducted in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA). The social practices conducted by Sahabat Kapas in assisting Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition are following the capital they have and the history of the habitus they conduct. Relational social capital is at stake by assistants with prison officers and how to build relationships with children. Economic capital refers to the efforts made by Sahabat Kapas to get funds to support assistance through entrepreneurship and opening donations. Cultural capital includes the whole intellectual/knowledge gained by assistance through training that is useful to assist children in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA). Symbolic capital is manifested in the form of awards from the government for Sahabat Kapas and assistance awards for children in the form of gifts.
A first test of unattended, acoustic recorders for monitoring Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus lekking activity

ABSTRACT Capsule: Automated acoustic recording can be used as a valuable survey technique for Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus leks, improving the quality and quantity of field data for this endangered bird species. However, more development work and testing against traditional methods are needed to establish optimal working practices. Aims: This study aims to determine whether Capercaillie vocalizations can be recognized in lek recordings, whether this can be automated using readily available software, and whether the number of calls resulting varies with location, weather conditions, date and time of day. Methods: Unattended recording devices and semi-automated call classification software were used to record and analyse the display calls of Capercaillie at three known lek sites in Scotland over a two-week period. Results: Capercaillie calls were successfully and rapidly identified within a data set that included the vocalizations of other bird species and environmental noise. Calls could be readily recognized to species level using a combination of unsupervised software and manual analysis. The number of calls varied by time and date, by recorder/microphone location at the lek site, and with weather conditions. This information can be used to better target future acoustic monitoring and improve the quality of existing traditional lek surveys. Conclusion: Bioacoustic methods provide a practical and cost-effective way to determine habitat occupancy and activity levels by a vocally distinctive bird species. Following further testing alongside traditional counting methods, it could offer a significant new approach towards more effective monitoring of local population levels for Capercaillie and other species of conservation concern.
Secrets and Likes: The Drive for Privacy and the Difficulty of Achieving It in the Digital Age

We review different streams of social science literature on privacy with the goal of understanding consumer privacy decision making and deriving implications for policy. We focus on psychological and economic factors in ﬂ uencing both consumers ’ desire and consumers ’ ability to protect their privacy, either through individual action or through the implementation of regulations applying to ﬁ rms. Contrary to depictions of online sharing behaviors as careless, we show how consumers fundamentally care about online privacy, and present evidence of numerous actions they take to protect it. However, we also document how prohibitively dif ﬁ cult it is to attain desired, or even desirable, levels of privacy through individual action alone. The remaining instrument for privacy protection is policy intervention. However, again for both psychological and economic reasons, the collective impetus for adequate intervention is often countervailed by powerful interests that oppose it.
Chinese perceptions of corporate social responsibility: an analysis of annual reports in the housing sector (Chinese perceptions of corporate social responsibility)

Abstract Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been widely accepted as essential for sustainable development and, with the occurrence of such disasters as food quality scandals and building collapses, its importance has been increasingly recognised in China over the past decade. At the same time, despite property development being frequently linked in the mass media with unaffordable housing prices, bribery, and poor construction quality, many large developers have instituted programmes to improve their CSR presence. However, the perceptions of property development organisations of what CSR means to them are as yet unclear. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to better understand the way CSR is seemingly perceived by property developers in China. This is undertaken by analysing CSR disclosure and prioritising information from CSR corporate reports by developers in the housing sector. Three attributes of CSR disclosure information type, responsibility type, and stakeholder type are used to construct an analytical framework for testing of 44 published company reports by content analysis. The findings indicate a greater emphasis on management approaches and ethical responsibilities than commercial goals, with industry and ownership differences pointing to the need to be recognised by the public and future decision-makers.
Multi-Player Dynamic Game-Based Automatic Lane-Changing Decision Model under Mixed Autonomous Vehicle and Human-Driven Vehicle Environment

The lane-changing decision-making process is challenging but critical to ensure safe and smooth maneuvers for autonomous vehicles (AVs). Conventional Gipps-type algorithms lack the flexibility for practical use under a mixed autonomous vehicle and human-driven vehicle (AV-HV) environment. Algorithms based on utility ignore the reactions of surrounding vehicles to the lane-changing vehicle. Game theory is a good way to solve the shortcomings of current algorithms, but most models based on game theory simplify the game with surrounding vehicles to the game with the following vehicle in the target lane, which means that the lane-changing decision under a mixed environment is not realized. This paper proposes a lane-changing decision-making model which is suitable for an AV to change lanes under a mixed environment based on a multi-player dynamic game theory. The overtaking expectation parameter (OEP) is introduced to estimate the utility of the following vehicle, OEP can be calculated by the proposed non-lane-based full velocity difference model with the consideration of lateral move and aggressiveness. This paper further proposes a hybrid splitting method algorithm to obtain the Nash equilibrium solution in the multi-player game to obtain the optimal strategy of lane-changing decision for AVs. An adaptive cruise control simulation environment is developed with MATLAB’s Simulink toolbox using Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) data as the background traffic flow. The classic bicycle model is used in the control of involved HVs. Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed multi-player dynamic game-based algorithm for lane-changing decision making by AVs under a mixed AV-HV environment.
Midazolam, Etomidate, Propofol, Fentanyl, Ketamine, and Propofol/Ketamine for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia Among Adults in the Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review

: The current systematic review aimed at investigating different medications commonly used for procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in emergency departments (EDs) for adults. The articles related to the subject of interest were searched in five electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, up to 2019. The blinded, randomized, controlled, clinical trials comparing common PSA medications, including midazolam, etomidate, propofol, fentanyl, ketamine, and ketofol, among the adults undergoing PSA in EDs were included in the study. The search process resulted in the inclusion of 35 papers in the study. The main information, including clinical features, sedation duration, recovery time, and incidence of adverse events, was extracted from the selected studies. Based on the reviewed studies, various combinations of medications are used for PSA depending on the hospital protocols and policies; however, there is still controversy over the best choice. As the results of the retrieved articles indicated, propofol is the most common medication used for PSA in EDs due to the shorter time of induction, rapid recovery of consciousness, and fewer side effects. Etomidate and ketamine were also identified as other common sedatives applied for PSA.
Explaining the Nonlinear Response of Stock Markets to Oil Price Shocks

Abstract This paper is set to reconcile the existent conflicting empirical evidence on the effect of oil prices on stock prices. We estimate various nonlinear models where the response changes according to a first-order Markov switching process. More importantly, we model the transition probabilities between the high- and low-response regimes to depend on state variables to allow us to explain the forces behind the asymmetry in the response. The results show statistically significant asymmetries that can be explained by economic recessions and to a lower extent depend on the magnitude of the oil price shift and on whether the shift is positive or negative. In the high response regime, the effect is positive and lasts longer. We also find evidence of asymmetries in the response of stock prices to crude oil supply shocks, global aggregate demand shocks, and oil-specific demand shocks.
The effect of storm movement on infiltration, runoff and soil erosion in a semi‐arid catchment

Rainfall characteristics are key factors influencing infiltration and runoff generation in catchment hydrology, particularly for arid and semiarid catchments. Although the effect of storm movement on rainfall‐runoff processes has been evaluated and emphasized since the 1960s, the effect on the infiltration process has barely been considered. In this study, a physically based distributed hydrological model (InHM) was applied to a typical semi‐arid catchment (Shejiagou, 4.26 km2) located in the Loess Plateau, China, to investigate the effect of storm movement on infiltration, runoff and soil erosion at the catchment scale. Simulations of 84 scenarios of storm movement were conducted, including storms moving across the catchment in both the upstream and downstream directions along the main channel, while in each direction considering four storm moving speeds, three rainfall depths and two storm ranges. The simulation results showed that, on both the hillslopes facing downstream (facing south) and in the main channel, the duration of the overland flow process under the upstream‐moving storms was longer than that under the downstream‐moving storms. Thus, the duration and volume of infiltration under upstream‐moving storms were larger in these areas. For the Shejiagou catchment, as there are more hillslopes facing downstream, more infiltration occurred under the upstream‐moving storms than the downstream‐moving storms. Therefore, downstream‐moving storms generated up to 69% larger total runoff and up to 351% more soil loss in the catchment than upstream‐moving storms. The difference in infiltration between the storms moving upstream and downstream decreased as the storm moving speed increased. The relative difference in total runoff and sediment yield between the storms moving upstream and downstream decreased with increasing rainfall depth and storm speed. The results of this study revealed that the infiltration differences under moving storms largely influenced the total runoff and sediment yield at the catchment scale, which is of importance in runoff prediction and flood management. The infiltration differences may be a potential factor leading to different groundwater, vegetation cover and ecology conditions for the different sides of the hillslopes.
Cone Beam CT Imaging of the Paranasal Region with a Multipurpose X-ray System—Image Quality and Radiation Exposure

Besides X-ray and fluoroscopy, a previously introduced X-ray scanner offers a 3D cone beam option (Multitom Rax, Siemens Healthcare). The aim of this study was to evaluate various scan parameters and post-processing steps to optimize image quality and radiation exposure for imaging of the parasinus region. Four human cadaver heads were examined with different tube voltages (90–121 kV), dose levels (DLs) (278–2180 nGy) and pre-filtration methods (none, Cu 0.2 mm, Cu 0.3 mm and Sn 0.4 mm). All images were reconstructed in 2 mm slice thickness with and without a metal artifact reduction algorithm in three different kernels. In total, 80 different scan protocols and 480 datasets were evaluated. Image quality was rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Radiation exposure (mean computed tomography volume index (CTDIvol) and effective dose) was calculated for each scan. The most dose-effective combination for the diagnosis of sinusitis was 121 kV/DL of 278/0.3 mm copper (CTDIvol 1.70 mGy, effective dose 77 µSv). Scan protocols with 121 kV/DL1090/0.3 mm copper were rated sufficient for preoperative sinus surgery planning (CTDIvol 4.66 mGy, effective dose 212 µSv). Therefore, sinusitis and preoperative sinus surgery planning can be performed in diagnostic image quality at low radiation dose levels with a multipurpose X-ray system.
“Mandarin Fever” and Chinese Language-learning in Brunei’s Middle Schools: Discrepant Discourses, Multifaceted Realities and Institutional Barriers

ABSTRACT China’s rise as a global economic powerhouse has led to a surge in Chinese language-learning worldwide, including in Southeast Asia. This article examines how this phenomenon has unfolded in Brunei, a Muslim and English–Malay bilingual majority country. Drawing on participant observations at two private Chinese middle schools, 19 interviews with teachers and parents, and 10 focus group discussions with students conducted in 2018, we find that there are discrepant discourses and multifaceted realities within and between different groups. While parents and teachers articulate the economic and cultural benefits of learning Chinese, students struggle to understand these and instead articulate banal motivations (e.g. being able to communicate with non-English-conversant family members and foreigners). Contextualising our findings to the historic marginalisation of the ethnic Chinese diasporic minority community in Brunei, we argue that the cumulative effects of educational and non-educational institutional barriers (e.g. lack of teaching materials relevant to the local context, and reliance on foreign teachers) hamper the development of effective and comprehensive Chinese language-learning in Brunei. Our findings suggest that, to date, the rise of China has had limited impact on Chinese language-learning among Chinese students and their parents in Brunei.
Studies of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Gain for Some Important Horticultural Traits in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.), one of the members of the family Brassicaceae, follows cabbage in importance with regard to area and production in the world. However, in India cauliflower is more widely grown than cabbage and considered as the popular most ‘cole’ crop (Ram, 2012). It is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops in India especially during the winter months and commercially grown for its ‘curd’ which is a peculiar type of inflorescence consisting of thick, fleshy, strongly ramified flower stalks (Nieuwhof, 1969). Curds are used as sauted or fried vegetable either separately or with potato, peas, capsicum or other vegetables. It is also cooked in curry and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 04 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Mechanical, DMA and Sound Acoustic behaviour of Flax woven fabric reinforced Epoxy composites

In this current investigation, alkali and Trimethoxymethylsilane treated custom made (irregular type) basket woven fabric at different weight percentages (0, 25, 35 and 45 wt.% and named as Pure epoxy, 25 FE, 35 FE, and 45 FE respectively) were reinforced with epoxy resin to develop flax/epoxy composites and tested for mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and sound absorption properties as per ASTM standards. Mechanical results revealed that, amongst the composites, 45 FE showed highest tensile strength, flexural strength, Impact strength and Shore D hardness of 91.07 MPa, 109.5 MPa, 295.65 J m−1, and 85.23 respectively, whereas ILSS property did not shows much appreciable progress even at high fiber loadings. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests were conducted for five different frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 Hz) at varying temperature and properties such as storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and damping (tanδ curve) were evaluated. DMA properties of the composites have found to be improved after reinforced with the treated flax fabric. Effectiveness coefficient (C) confirms that 45FE composites exhibited better strong fiber-matrix interface and shows good agreement with cole-cole plot analysis. Sound absorption performance of the composites were determined in terms of sound absorption coefficient (SAC) using Impedance tube system for the frequency range 0–6400 Hz. Results indicated that flax-epoxy composites exhibit better sound absorption properties at medium and higher frequency levels. SEM analysis was carried out to understand the cause of failure in mechanically fractured composites. Moreover, morphologies of the fibers were also studied by XRD technique.
Grain quality of emmer germplasm (Triticum dicoccon) from the National Collection of Bulgaria

The present work was carried out to study grain quality of 39 accessions of emmer wheat from the collection of the National Gene Bank of Bulgaria. Two accessions (BGR32746 and BGR19034) possessed the highest wet and dry gluten content and sedimentation value and medium gluten quality. A statistically significant positive correlation was obtained between crude protein content and lysine content, crude ash, wet gluten content and dry gluten content. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the accessions into four clusters. The information presented in this study is intended both for breeders who could involve emmer landraces in the breeding programs and for direct practical use by farmers and small bakeries.