Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Dual-Polarized and Wideband Orthogonal Dipole Antenna for LTE/5G Base Station Applications

This paper presents a simple dual-polarized and wideband orthogonal dipole base station antenna for LTE and 5G sub-6 GHz communication systems. The proposed is composed of the radiator, reflector, absorbing structures and a pair of crossed Y-shaped baluns. A pair of orthogonal dipoles are fed by microstrip baluns coupling and used to obtain dual-polarization. Four absorbing structures are used to achieve high front-to-rear ratio. The proposed antenna has an overall size of ${\lambda _L} \times {\lambda _L} \times 0.257{\lambda _L}$ (λL is the free-space wavelength at 3.0 GHz). The simulated results show that the bandwidth of this antenna achieves 53.3% (2.3~3.63 GHz) for S11/S22<-10dB and S21<-26dB, and the gain is 7.6 ± 0.4 dBi within the operational bandwidth. With this features the proposed antenna is suitable for LTE/5G base station communication applications.
Mouse Sensitivity in First-Person Targeting Tasks

Mouse sensitivity in first-person targeting tasks is a highly debated issue. Recommendations within a single game can vary by a factor of 10× or more and are an active topic of experimentation in both competitive and recreational esports communities. Inspired by work in pointer-based gain optimization and extending our previous results from the first user study focused on mouse sensitivity in first-person targeting tasks (Boudaoud et al., 2023), we describe a range of optimal mouse sensitivity wherein players perform statistically significantly better in task completion time and throughput. For tasks involving first-person view control, mouse sensitivity is best described using the ratio between an in-game rotation of the view and corresponding physical displacement of the mouse. We discuss how this displacement-to-rotation sensitivity is incompatible with the control-display gain reported in traditional pointer-based gain studies as well as other rotational gains reported in head-controlled interface studies. We provide additional details regarding impacts of mouse dots per inch, on reported sensitivity, the distribution of spatial difficulty in our experiment, our submovement parsing algorithm, and relationships between measured parameters, further demonstrating optimal sensitivity arising from a speed-precision tradeoff. We conclude our work by updating and improving our suggestions for mouse sensitivity selection and refining directions for future work.
Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna with Side-Lobe Suppression

In this work, a three-port circularly polarized (CP) self-complementary Multiple-Input-Multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system with pattern diversity is proposed for sub–6 GHz 5G applications. The open end of the cylindrical cavity can be equivalent to a magnetic dipole. An equivalent electric dipole is introduced by etching two antipodal notches for each element at the top and bottom of the cavity. The field components produced by the two equivalent dipoles are orthogonal, and circular polarization is realized by adjusting their amplitude and phase difference. Then, a pair of metal walls is introduced to suppress the side lobe for each antenna. This antenna offers features including high radiation efficiency, low side lobes, good matching and high isolation.
Modal analysis of Electrically Small Antennas in Lossy Medium Using Eigenmode Expansion Method

A novel numerical approach to evaluate the performances of Electrically Small Antennas (ESAs) in lossy medium is proposed. It is based on the eigenmode expansion of currents and on a multi-layer lossy dielectric model. The lossy medium as 2D dielectric multi-layer structure while the metallic antenna can be 3-dimensional. Elementary sources as well as non-resonant dipole and loop are considered in both horizontal and vertical orientations. A full physical behavior on the radiation phenomena is provided based on the modal analysis Eigenmode Expansion Method (EEM).
Reconfigurable Partially Reflective Surface based Beam-Steering Antenna with RCS Reduction

In this paper, a beam-steering (BS) antenna based on reconfigurable partially reflective surface (PRS) with a wideband probe feed is proposed. The PRS and feed antenna form a Fabry-Perot resonance cavity, which leads to the improvement in the radiation characteristics of the beam. The abosrbing structure can scatter electromanetic waves propagating externally, and thus reduce the antenna radar cross section. The phase of PRS unit changes with electrical parameters of loaded diodes, thus achieving beam-steering. The beam tilting angle can be deflected to 0°, ±8° and ±16° in elevation when resonating at 5.5 GHz, and the peak gain up to 11.1 dBi is noted.
Research on voltage optimization under the time-varying characteristics of renewable energy and load

Reasonable reactive power and voltage control can greatly lower energy loss during transmission while also increasing the power grid's voltage qualification rate. The comprehensive utilization of various distributed equipment that can regulate reactive power and voltage of power system and the implementation of reactive power global centralized optimization control can effectively improve the voltage quality while ensuring the security and stability of the power grid operation. At present, AVC can only control the current operation state of the power grid. In essence, it is the real-time control after finding that the voltage exceeds the limit or the reactive power flow distribution is unreasonable. In the case of renewable energy and load active power fluctuation, failure to effectively deal with the requirements of the reactive power balancing and voltage control on the grid will lead to frequent repeated adjustment of the equipment, affect the service life of the equipment, and seriously endanger the safe and stable operation of the power grid. With the massive connection of renewable energy sources and the mixed operation of AC and DC power grid, uncertainties on both the source and load side increases, the dynamic characteristics of power grid are complex and changeable, and the problem of reactive power and the regulation of power supply and voltage become more and more prominent. Hence, it makes sense to study the dynamic reactive power optimal dispatching control technology of AC / DC power grid. Considering the change trend of renewable energy and load, comprehensively coordinate reactive power and voltage equipment such as flexible DC, SVC, generator reactive power, capacitive reactor and OLTC to carry out multi cycle coupling dynamic reactive power optimization. Complete scheduling cycle. In this way, the fine control of reactive power and voltage can be realized.
Design of a Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine for Aviation Electric Propulsion

This article discusses a high-speed brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM) for aviation turboelectric distributed propulsion application. After a brief overview of the machine fundamentals and propulsion architecture, the electromagnetic properties of the newly designed BDFM are analyzed. An innovative rotor mechanical design is introduced, which allows for a significant increase of speed compared to legacy rotor designs. Experiments were conducted to verify the 12 000-r/min high-speed operation. The findings in this article will give prominence to the feasibility of applying BDFMs for aviation applications.
A High Gain Circularly Polarized Pin Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna with DNG Metamaterial as Superstrate

A high gain Double Negative (DNG) metamaterial superstrate based Circularly Polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna for Ka band satellite communication is represented in this article. The rectangular patch antenna is developed with shorting pins along the two orthogonal diagonals. Pairs of shorted pins are placed to generate two different modes for obtaining CP. A simple coaxial probe-feeding is used to excite the patch antenna at Ka band. A 4x4 array of rectangular-shaped slotted ring patches which exhibits the characteristics of negative dielectric permittivity and permeability at Ka band has been used as superstrate. The implementation of this DNG metamaterial-based superstrate enhances the right hand CP gain from 10.2 dB to 12.2 dB, which makes the overall antenna height to be 0.58 times of the free space wavelength (λ0). The proposed design shows minimum axial ratio of 1.42 dB near the magnetic resonance of 28.5 GHz which makes the structure suitable for satellite applications.
Quality Prediction for Nonlinear Dynamic Processes Using Semi-Supervised Soft Sensors: An application on Ammonia Decarburization Processes

As a measurement for the production performance, the online quality variables from soft sensors contribute greatly to obtaining immediate information from the process. The complex correlations between large numbers of process variables and disturbances inherited from the dynamic and nonlinear characteristics of chemical processes put more challenges in constructing the soft-sensor models. The soft sensors which are typically developed in steady-state conditions are not suitable for doing predictions in a dynamic operating system. This paper proposes a semi-supervised latent dynamic variational autoencoder (S2-LDVAE) to learn features between the process and quality data. Furthermore, the issue of the uneven length of the process and quality data is noteworthy. When there are fewer quality data than the process data, severe degradation to the performance of the trained model may occur. The process and quality data are encoded into the latent space in a temporal way for dynamic feature extraction. In the case of missing quality data, the artificial data generated by the trained prediction network are used to provide quality estimates during on-line prediction. The proposed method is compared with the other methods to show its contribution and performance in terms of quality prediction in a numerical case and an industrial case.
Crosstalk Analysis of Microstrip Lines Terminated with Complex Circuits via Time Domain Modeling Method

An novel time-domain hybrid method, proposed by integrating transmission line (TL) equations, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, Substitution theorem, Norton’s theorem and NGSPICE software, is proposed for the crosstalk analysis of microstrip lines (MSLs) terminated with complex circuits. Firstly, the overall structure of microstrip lines is decomposed into a cascade network of multiple microstrip lines and complex circuits. Secondly, the TL equations combined with the FDTD is employed to solve the voltage and current responses on these MSLs, and the effects of these MSLs on the connecting nodes are equivalent to Norton’s circuits according to the Norton’s theorem, which are incorporated into the complex circuits to form new circuit subsystems. Then, the NGSPICE software is applied for the conducted interference analysis of these circuit subsystems to solve the voltage responses on these complex circuits at each time step of FDTD simulation. Finally, the port voltages of these complex circuits are fed back to the MSLs as boundary conditions, which can obtain the effects of complex circuits to these MSLs based on the Substitution theorem. By numerical simulation of three microstrip lines terminated with one complex circuit excited by lumped voltage source, the correctness of this proposed method has been verified by comparing with that of commercial simulation software CST.
Power Handling of Varactor Diode-Based Frequency Agile Antennas

Power handling of varactor diodes (varactors) is a significant limitation on reconfigurable antennas. In this paper, the power handling of antennas that are frequency reconfigurable using varactors was quantitatively investigated. This was accomplished by fabricating a Ring Resonator End Loaded Slot Antenna (RRELSA) and measuring its behaviour under high input powers. This paper shows that the nonlinear behaviour of the varactors becomes problematic well before physical power limitations. This work confirms that this nonlinearity pollutes the spectrum through radiation, and goes on to demonstrate significant degradation in impedance match.
Metaverses and DeMetaverses: From Digital Twins in CPS to Parallel Intelligence in CPSS

A total of 12 years have been passed since this Department was created in 2010 as the first academic forum dedicated to cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS), with the first CPSS research article on the field: “The Emergence of Intelligent Enterprises: From CPS to CPSS. ” What has happened and changed during the past decade? A brief reflection and review are presented here with a focus on digital twins in CPS versus parallel intelligence in CPSS, and their relationship to blockchain intelligence, smart contracts, metaverses, DAO, Web3, and decentralized science. The concept of DeMetaverses is thus introduced and interpreted as a DAO-based decentralized autonomous metaverse. The characteristics, mechanism, and impact of DeMetaverses are discussed with a vision for achieving an integrated human, artificial, natural, and organizational intelligence that would transform our world into “6S” societies.
330-500 GHz Waveguide-feed Tapered Slot Antenna on Micro-machined Silicon Substrate

A corrugated Fermi tapered slot antenna (TSA) working at WR2.2 (330-500 GHz) is proposed in this paper. The proposed TSA adopts Fermi-structure tapering and corrugated edges to reduce the side lobes and improve the radiation patterns. It is fed by a microstrip line using a Marchand balun, and an E-plane probe is used as the power transfer between antenna chip and waveguide. The antenna is fabricated using SOI wafers with 15um thickness high-resistivity Silicon, and the partial substrate is etched to reduce the surface wave effect. The proposed antenna has -10 dB measured bandwidth at 330-500 GHz and 5-9.31 dBi measured gain. In addition, the simulated and measured E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns at 350 and 450 GHz are shown, of which the main lobe radiation patterns fit the simulation.
Safe, Fast and Explainable Online Reinforcement Learning for Continuous Process Control

Industrial process control using model-based technologies is well established. These technologies are typically non-adaptive and so have limitations. Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a model-free adaptive alternative. RL is a type of machine learning (ML) where models or data sets of the environment are not necessary before learning can start. It generates data, by exploring the environment and then learn the behavior from it. Though RL has been successfully applied for learning and playing various games such as Go, Chess, Atari; its application to continuous process control problems is not trivial. There is a need for online RL implementation to be safe, fast learning and explainable when applied to industrial control problems. Rather than adding to the extensive research on augmenting existing RL algorithms, the work focuses on developing a unique systematic method of formulating the RL problem incorporating domain-specific knowledge about process constraints and objectives, reducing dimensionality and modifying the exploration process, applicable to any model free RL algorithm supporting continuous states and actions, to enhance safety, speed and explainability of online RL implementation without requiring a simulation model. The approach is successfully implemented on two multivariable processes: a simulated distillation column and a temperature control lab setup using the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm. The work demonstrates that the developed method is applicable to multivariable, noisy, non-linear processes with disturbances. It will further the potential of introducing the advances in Artificial Intelligence and ML algorithms for intelligent process control capable of enabling autonomous operation in the process industry.
A Reconfigurable 28/38 GHz Omni-directional Antenna Design for Future 5G Applications

This paper presents a simple and compact reconfigurable monopole omni-directional antenna operating at 28 and 38GHz for 6G applications. The proposed antenna has a wideband with dual-band operating characteristics. Two monopole antennas are printed on a substrate and connected through a PIN diode to achieve a dual-band operation. By changing the biasing of the PIN diode, different operational frequencies 28GHz and 38GHz bands are achieved. The proposed antenna is simulated using two different electromagnetic solvers, where an excellent agreement between both simulated results is achieved.
Analysis of Benchmark Biconical Antenna with RWG Method of Moments for IEEE P2816 Project

This paper presents numerical results for electromagnetic analysis of biconical antenna performed via Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) Method of Moments (MoM) solution of the Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) in the mixed-potential form. The study is done as part of the IEEE P2816 Project entitled "Recommended Practice for Computational Elec-tromagnetics Applied to Modeling and Simulation of Antennas". Numerical results obtained with in-house RWG MoM code are compared against those generated using FEKO commercial MoM solver as well as analytic solution available for the biconical antenna. It is shown that upon δ-gap excitation mechanism at the port of the antenna the mesh density near the port effects the extracted input impedance of the antenna especially at high frequencies. Effect on the numerically extracted input impedance associated with the closeness of the computational model to the model of the ideal antenna is studied.
Bandwidth Tripling of Triangular Patch Antennas

In this work, a frequency pulling technique (FPT), inspired by the band-pass filter synthesis, is proposed for increasing the bandwidth of symmetric-shaped antennas. Namely, by simultaneously feeding a triangular patch antenna by three symmetric points, we are able to triple its bandwidth compared to its traditional single-fed counterpart. To feed our patch, a three-way power divider that applies a consecutive phase difference of 90° at each input port is printed under the triangular aperture as the FPT requires. With this design methodology not only we significantly increase the bandwidth of our antenna, but we also keep its aperture size invariant, unlike other design methodologies found in literature.
Inter Mode Interference in Circular Antenna Arrays for Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Based Communication

Optimization of antenna arrays is essential to achieve high data rates in modern communication systems. One promising array used in future communication systems is the uniform circular array (UCA) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. In a UCA, the array elements are arranged in a circle with uniform angular spacing. The OAM modes are defined by the excitation of an array, i.e. an OAM mode is excited by exciting each element with equal amplitude and a phase increasing linearly around the array. When one OAM mode is excited and another OAM mode is received, this is called inter mode interference (IMI). Within an array this could be caused by a non-symmetrical array structure. In this paper, the IMI of non-symmetrical UCAs operating OAM waves is explored with comparison to the symmetrical UCA. It is shown, that change in geometric deviation along the array can be used to determine the dominant IMI, which allows the prediction of the IMI when designing an OAM array. These predictions are validated using an elliptical array and an array with misaligned elements. Knowledge of the IMI caused by a geometrical deviation can be used in the future to prevent or correct this IMI.
Metasurface-Enabled Full 360° Azimuth Surface-Level Beam Scanning Antenna System

This paper investigates the use of metasurface (MS) to enhance the scan range performance of the phased-array antenna for next-generation sub-6 GHz applications. The proposed system consists of a cylindrical Huygens' MS integrated with the source (phased array), and the MS steers the beam from the source towards the horizon. The metasurface's inherent symmetry also allows for full azimuth surface-level scanning. The proposed system achieves a gain of more than 15.5 dBi across the frequency range of 3.5-3.8 GHz.
GRhOOT: Ontology of Rhetorical Figures in German

GRhOOT, the German RhetOrical OnTology, is a domain ontology of 110 rhetorical figures in the German language. The overall goal of building an ontology of rhetorical figures in German is not only the formal representation of different rhetorical figures, but also allowing for their easier detection, thus improving sentiment analysis, argument mining, detection of hate speech and fake news, machine translation, and many other tasks in which recognition of non-literal language plays an important role. The challenge of building such ontologies lies in classifying the figures and assigning adequate characteristics to group them, while considering their distinctive features. The ontology of rhetorical figures in the Serbian language was used as a basis for our work. Besides transferring and extending the concepts of the Serbian ontology, we ensured completeness and consistency by using description logic and SPARQL queries. Furthermore, we show a decision tree to identify figures and suggest a usage scenario on how the ontology can be utilized to collect and annotate data.
Wideband Miniaturized Multi-Port Correlator for 5G Applications at 28 GHz

In this paper, a novel symmetric multi-port correlator using 90o circular hybrid couplers is proposed at the center frequency of 28 GHz. The work is focused on designing the multi-port circuit on a low thickness and low dielectric constant substrate (Rogers RT/Duroid 5880). The circuit is suited to realize a low-cost architecture and integrate with antennas for mm-wave applications. Due to the structure, this design can be implemented without any additional off-chip components. Moreover, the octagonal structure minimized the overall size of the circuit while providing enough space to solder 8 connectors. The performance of the designed structure is assessed via full-wave computer simulation technology (CST) and Advanced Design System (ADS). As simulation results show the proposed compact size multi-port network has a good fractional bandwidth of 28.6% from 24 to 32 GHz and superb phase resolution at four output ports.