Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular health technology assessment: recommendations to improve the quality of evidence

The aim of this article is to review the role of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) organisations in appraising and recommending innovative cardiovascular technologies. We consider how bias impairs the quality of evidence from clinical trials involving cardiovascular healthcare technologies. Finally, we provide recommendations to HTA organisations to take account of bias when making guideline recommendations. Clinical research studies of medical devices, diagnostics and interventions in cardiovascular healthcare are susceptible to impairment through bias. While HTA organisations, such as the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence, may require reviewers to take account of bias, there are uncertainties as to how this is achieved, especially in cardiovascular technology trials. This becomes more relevant given that large trials are few in number; therefore, the quality of evidence from an individual trial may have a large bearing on guideline recommendations and clinical practice. HTA organisations should drive improvements in the design and rigour of randomised trials. The evolving landscape of cardiovascular healthcare technologies and related trials presents a challenge for HTA organisations and healthcare providers. The rapid turnover of evidence is externally relevant because the period from the trial publication to implementation of HTA guideline recommendations by healthcare providers may be prolonged, by which time new evidence may have emerged from subsequent trials. Implementation of a cardiovascular healthcare technology including be it a medical device, diagnostic or intervention may have profound implications for healthcare providers. These technologies may have high absolute costs and access may be influenced by socioeconomic and geographic factors.
Space Syntax Analysis of Colonial Houses in India

The influence of colonial (British) rule on native (Indian) culture and vice versa has resulted in the development of ‘hybrid’ architectural styles, which are seen in the external ‘form’ of the buildings. The development of a hybrid style is an important phase in the evolution of domestic architecture in India. In this paper we explore whether such hybrid nature is also reflected in the spatial organizations of some colonial houses of eastern India. For this, a suitable methodology was evolved to analyze the spatial organizations. The compositional rules in the generation of spatial layout in these houses are analyzed through the use of space syntax analysis, with some modifications, in order to type them spatially. Typically, space syntax analysis deciphers the spatial organization by the formation of ‘inequality genotypes’, which describe only the integration (and segregation) of spaces as per the access relations. To understand more about the Indian social and cultural norms that might have influenced the spatial organizations of the houses, the accessibility, adjacency, and orientation of the spaces also need to be studied. In this paper we explain the methodology used to generate ‘genotype strings’, incorporate the aforementioned information, and help to understand and document the ingrained social and cultural factors in spatial organizations of the houses more explicitly.
Parameterization of the CO2 and H2O gas exchange of several temperate deciduous broad‐leaved trees at the leaf scale considering seasonal changes

A combined model to simulate CO2 and H2O gas exchange at the leaf scale was parameterized using data obtained from in situ leaf-scale observations of diurnal and seasonal changes in the CO2 and H2O gas exchange of four temperate deciduous broad-leaved trees using a porometric method. The model consists of a Ball et al. type stomatal conductance submodel [Ball, Woodrow & Berry, pp. 221–224 in Progress in Photosynthesis Research (ed. I. Biggins), Martinus-Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1987] and a Farquhar et al. type biochemical submodel of photosynthesis (Farquhar, von Caemmerer & Berry, Planta 149, 78–90, 1980). In these submodels, several parameters were optimized for each tree species as representative of the quantitative characteristics related to gas exchange. The results show that the seasonal physiological changes of Vcmax25 in the biochemical model of photosynthesis should be used to estimate the long-term CO2 gas exchange. For Rd25 in the biochemical model of photosynthesis and m in the Ball et al. type stomatal conductance model, the difference should be counted during the leaf expansion period.
Exogenous benzoic acid (BZA) treatment can induce drought tolerance in soybean plants by improving gas-exchange and chlorophyll contents

In order to reveal the mechanism involved in adaptation to drought, pot study investigated the morphological and physiological responses of soybean in growth, yield, photosynthetic capacity, and chlorophyll contents to drought stress under exogenous benzoic acid (BZA) application. Two levels of soil moisture, well-watered control and drought-stressed were imposed at blooming stage of soybean. BZA was applied at the rate of 0.5 mM after one week of imposition of moisture treatments. Drought stress exhibited a notable decline in net photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE), intercellular CO2 (Ci) and Ci/Ca ratio. Furthermore, drought stress caused a considerable decline in chlorophyll contents leading to substantial reduction in plant growth, and productivity. Interestingly, exogenous application of BZA remarkably improved the net photosynthesis 11.54% and chlorophyll a contents 6.57% at 5% probability level, reduced due to water deficiency. These BZA-induced beneficial effects in gas exchange and chlorophyll contents improvement, ultimately resulted in improved growth, development, yield and yield components in terms of plant height, stem diameter, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index in water-stressed soybean plants.
Geographical and ecological distributions of frog hemiclones suggest occurrence of both General-Purpose Genotype and Frozen Niche Variation clones

Asexuals often occupy broad geographical and ecological ranges. Two models have been proposed to explain the ubiquity of asexuals: the General-Purpose Genotype (GPG) and the Frozen Niche Variation (FNV) model. According to these models, asexuals differ in their ecological niche width and may occupy narrow specialist niches or ubiquitous niches. A thousand water frogs from 37 different populations located in France in different habitats were studied, and two (hemi)clonal hybrid types were identified genetically, Rana esculenta and R. grafi. Altogether, 13 hemiclones were identified both in R. grafi and R. esculenta. Three of these were geographically and ecologically widely distributed, and usually very common in populations. In contrast, the remaining 10 hemiclones had small geographical ranges and were restricted to special habitat types, suggesting ecological niche specialization. The results suggest that in hybridogenetic water frogs GPG and FNV hemiclones coexist.
Effectiveness of a Plastic Mesh Substrate Cover for Reducing the Effects of Common Carp on Aquatic Ecosystems

Abstract A great deal of effort has been directed at eliminating or controlling common carp Cyprinus carpio populations, but these efforts have had limited success. We assessed the effectiveness of an alternative approach, using plastic-mesh substrate covers, to reduce environmental effects of common carp, Multiple trophic levels were monitored in 0.06-ha enclosures in experimental ponds that contained either common carp with mesh covers, common carp with no mesh covers, no common carp with mesh covers, or neither fish nor mesh covers. Macroinvertebrates and macrophytes were also sampled over a 1-year period in six field sites with paired mesh cover and control plots. Common carp significantly increased turbidity (NTU) and total phosphorus (μg/L), decreased macrophyte cover (%), altered the relative abundance of zooplankton taxa (N/L), and suppressed macroinvertebrate abundance (N/m2) in ponds. In contrast, carp did not significantly affect either total nitrogen (μg/L) or phytoplankton (μg/L) concentratio.
PCA Classification of vibration signals in WSN based oil pipeline monitoring system

Using wireless sensor network technology in structure health monitoring applications results in generating large amount of data. To sift through this data and extract useful information an extensive data analysis should be applied. In this paper, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) is proposed for the oil pipeline monitoring system with proposed method for event detection and classification. The method depends on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It applied to features extracted from vibration signals of the monitored pipeline. These vibration signals are collected while applying damage events (knocking and drilling) to the oil pipeline. PCA is applied to features extracted from both time domain and frequency domain. The results manifest that this method is able to detect the existence of damage and also to distinguish between the different levels of harmful events applied to the pipeline.
Female preference for male color is necessary and sufficient for assortative mating in 2 cichlid sister species

A critical step for speciation in the face of gene flow is the origination of reproductive isolation. The evolution of assortative mating greatly facilitates this process. Assortative mating can be mediated by one or multiple cues across an array of sensory modalities. We here explore possible cues that may underlie female mate choice in a sympatric species pair of cichlid fish from Lake Victoria, Pundamilia pundamilia and Pundamilia nyererei. Previous studies identified species-specific female preferences for male coloration, but effects of other cues could not be ruled out. Therefore, we assessed female choice in a series of experiments in which we manipulated visual (color) and chemical cues. We show that the visibility of differences in nuptial hue (i.e., either blue or red) between males of the 2 species is necessary and sufficient for assortative mating by female mate choice. Such assortment mediated by a single cue may evolve relatively quickly, but could make reproductive isolation vulnerable to environmental changes. These findings confirm the important role of female mate choice for male nuptial hue in promoting the explosive speciation of African haplochromine cichlids.
Urban vascular flora and ecological characteristics of Kadıköy district, Istanbul, Turkey.

Cities are usually considered unnatural places lacking ecological benefits. Many ecological studies have been done in suburban or rural areas and have excluded the city. However, urban ecology has become increasingly important. Today, it is well known that rapid and uncontrolled urbanisation accompanied by insufficient infrastructure has resulted in the degradation of many forests and grasslands in metropolitan areas. Land use changes due to urbanisation during the second half of the 20th century have caused widespread decline of biodiversity of many animal and plant taxa, especially in densely populated regions such as Kadikoy district, Istanbul, Turkey. In this study, different kinds of urban habitats within the boundaries of Kadikoy are described. Plant samples were collected, dried, labelled and identified according to standard herbarium procedures and all the greenery in the district was explored during vegetation seasons. A total of 561 vascular plant taxa were determined, wherein 412 (337 species, 44 subspecies and 31 varieties) were native and 149 (143 species and 6 varieties) were exotic and cultivated. The major native taxa were Asteraceae (46 species) while Rosaceae had the most exotics (22 species). Archaeophytes and neophytes, endemics, rare, endangered, medicinal, and poisonous species are also reported. In addition, the requirements of making ecological studies in other urban areas are mentioned.
Characterization of soybean GmPUB1 proteins that interact with the Phytophthora sojae effec tor Avr1b protein

Phytophthora sojae is an oomycete which causes stem and root rot disease in soybean. Upon infection, P. sojae could deliver a series of virulent effector proteins into host cell to promote disease on susceptible plants (Tyler et al. 2008, Gohre and Robatzek 2008). Avr1b is one such protein (Tyler et al. 2008). In this report, a soybean U-box protein, GmPUB1-1, was isolated by interaction with P. sojae effector Avr1b in yeast. It has a homologous copy which was named GmPUB1-2. These two GmPUB1 proteins share 94% identities. Pull-down assay confirmed the interaction between GmPUB1s and Avr1b in vitro. Mutations in Avr1b C-terminal conserved residuals abolished the interaction between Avr1b and GmPUB1 proteins. These residuals are also known involved in Avr1b virulence activity. By linking GmPUB1 genes with the GFP tag, GmPUB1-GFP fusion proteins was localized throughout soybean hypocotyl and onion epidermal cells. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC) experiment suggests the interaction of GmPUB1 and Avr1b, most likely predominantly occurs in nuclei. In vitro ubiquitination assay demonstrated that GmPUB1-1 and GmPUB1-2 possess E3 ligase activities and mediated self-monoubiquitination. Gene silencing of the GmPUB1 genes in cotyledons of the soybean cultivar Williams 82 showed loss of race-specific Phytophthora resistance encoded by Rps1-k. GmPUB1-1 mRNA level was up-regulated following P. sojae infection. Eight candidate interactors of GmPUB1-2 are identified from a yeast two-hybrid library screening. Overall, this study implicates that finctional E3 ligase activities of GmPUB1 proteins may be involved in Rps1-k mediated Phytophthora resistance in soybean.
On the phylogeny of the Arminidae (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia) with considerations of biogeography

In the past, the different genera of the family Arminidae have been diagnosed (mostly) on the basis of plesiomorphic characters and therefore their monophyly is questionable. The Arminidae are characterized by the autapomorphies ‘possession of marginal sacs’ and ‘rhinophores with longitudinal lamellae’. The genus Heterodoris is excluded from the family. Two possible hypotheses about the phylogenetic relationships within the Arminidae are presented. The Arminidae probably originated in the western Pacific, near Japan and have distributed in a westerly direction. The most primitive species (Dermatobranchus) are restricted mainly to the western Pacific region while the more derived species (Armina) have a world-wide distribution.
INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION TO FLOODWATER ON OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS AND SURVIVAL OF RICE DURING COMPLETE SUBMERGENCE

Low concentrations of phosphorous were added to the floodwater of submerged rice in an attempt to regulate algal growth, so as to increase floodwater O2 concentration and plant survival during submergence for up to 12 days. Increasing the phosphorus concentration of the floodwater by 1 ppm increased algal growth by at least 4-fold based on chlorophyll concentrations, and increased floodwater O2 concentrations to over twice air saturation. However, additions of phosphorus reduced rice plant survival during submergence by up to 35%. The adverse effects of a high phosphorus concentration in the floodwater were mainly attributed to competition between the algae and the submerged rice for CO2 and, perhaps, light. The importance of photosynthesis during the submergence of rice was supported by the results of experiments in which floodwater CO2 concentration was manipulated by altering pH. The survival of an intolerant rice cultivar during submergence increased from 0 to 17 and 62% at pH 8, 7 and 5 respectively, while floodwater CO2 concentrations at these pHs would have increased from 0.02 to 0.3 and 1.0 mol m−3 respectively. The results were used to question the importance of floodwater O2 concentrations above anoxia for submergence tolerance of rice.
DESS: a versatile solution for preserving morphology and extractable DNA of nematodes

A solution containing dimethyl sulphoxide, disodium EDTA, and saturated NaCl (abbreviated here as DESS) was tested for various applications in the preservation of nematodes for combined morphological and molecular analyses. The solution can be used to preserve individual nematodes, nematode extracts, or entire soil/sediment samples. Preserved material can be easily stored for months at room temperature, shipped by mail, or carried in luggage. Morphological features are usually well preserved; specimen quality being comparable to formalin-based fixatives and much better than ethanol fixation. Specimens can be transferred to glycerin with little or no modification of traditional protocols. Unlike formalin-preserved material, routine PCR can be performed on individual specimens after any of these procedures with success rates and amplification sizes comparable to PCR of fresh specimens. At this point we have no data on long-term preservation quality. Nevertheless, DESS solution clearly enhances and simplifies a wide range of nematological studies due to its combined suitability for morphological and molecular analyses, as well as its less hazardous chemical properties.
Inherited Muscle Disease: Gene Therapy

Genetic or quasi-genetic therapies are potentially applica-bletobothacquiredandinheriteddiseasesofskeletalmus-cle but this article reﬂects a general preoccupation inresearch on the latter. However, this distinction of objec-tives has become blurred in recent times by the demon-stration that some pathological consequences of inheritedmuscular dystrophies appear to be ameliorated by strate-gies designed to prevent muscle wasting, and it is likely, inthe future, that broader socio-economic interests in com-batting the age-associated loss of muscle size and strengthwill come to dominate the incentives for research in thistopic. Although there is a growing interest in the applica-tion of genetic or quasi-genetic therapies to acquired dis-eases of skeletal muscle, a general preoccupation withinherited defects of this tissue is reﬂected in this article.However, the distinction of objectives has been blurred inrecent times by the demonstration that the pathologicalconsequences of inherited muscular dystrophies may, insome instances, derive beneﬁt from general strategies de-signed to combat muscle wasting, and the widespreadquality of life concerns associated with age-related musclewastingmay,inthefuture,becomeamajordrivingforceinthis research area.Asaclass,themusculardystrophieshavebeenanareaofspecial interest for genetic therapies, conceivably becausethe gene responsible for Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD) was the ﬁrst disease gene to be identiﬁed by pos-itional cloning (Koenig et al., 1987). Partly as a conse-quence of this, there has been a disproportionate ﬂow ofdiscovery of further monogenic muscular dystrophies.A concerted movement to discover genetic therapies fordystrophies has been driven by the fact that these diseasesblight the lives of children and young adults and haveproved refractory to conventional therapies.DMD and its milder allelic variant, Becker musculardystrophy (BMD), are X-linked recessive conditions thatepitomize the main problems of gene therapy; for thedystrophingeneresponsibleisbyfarthelargestandamongthemostcomplexinthehumangenome,makingitdiﬃcultto ﬁt into some prospective viral vectors. Moreover, theprincipal target tissue, skeletal muscle, is the most abun-dantcelltypeinthebodyandiswidelydistributed,makingit a diﬃcult target for comprehensive gene therapy. At thesame time, the dystrophin gene oﬀers some therapeuticprospects, discussed below, that are not available withother genes. DMD will therefore be used as the centralexample, reference being made to important features ofother genetic muscle diseases as appropriate.
Auto-tagging of Research Publications using Keyword Extraction Technique

-In recent years, there is a vast growth in the publications of research papers in various domain of research. The research articles need to be categorized into the corresponding domain. This categorization is a time-consuming and error-prone process. Using the keywords relevant to a particular domain, the grouping of these research papers can be done more effectively. That is each uploaded article is mapped to set of tags.
Is the distribution grid ready to accept large‐scale photovoltaic deployment? State of the art, progress, and future prospects

The installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV) systems has recently increased at a much faster rate than the development of grid codes to effectively and efficiently manage high penetrations of PV within the distribution system. In a number of countries, PV penetrations in some regions are now raising growing concerns regarding integration. Management strategies vary considerably by country—some still have an approach that PV systems should behave as passive as possible, whereas others demand an active participation in grid control. This variety of grid codes also causes challenges in learning from “best practice. ” This paper provides a review of current grid codes in some countries with high PV penetrations. In addition, the paper presents a number of country‐specific case studies on different approaches for improved integration of PV systems in the distribution grid. In particular, we consider integration approaches using active and reactive power control that can reduce or defer expensive grid reinforcement while supporting higher PV penetrations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On-Farm Experiments with Sorghum to Assess the Acceptability of New Varieties and Herbicide Treatments

SUMMARY On-farm experiments were used for assessing the processing and food value of four promising sorghum cultivars and the willingness of farmers to pay for the herbicide 2,4-D for controlling the parasitic weed Striga hermonlhica in coarse grains. The active participation of farmers in these experiments was useful in determining the conditions under which the improved sorghum cultivars and the herbicide would be most likely to he adopted by smallholder farmers in southern Mali.
Potential Movement of CDK 4/6 Inhibitor from Cell Cycle Arrest to Immune Activation in Breast Cancer

Three different CDK 4/6 inhibitor was approved in a short time during 2016-2017 by FDA to treat hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2 negative (-) advances breast cancer patients. Since the beginning of the preclinical study, palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib were markedly suppressed proliferations of HR+/HER2- cell lines but less effective to HER2+ and Triple Negative Breast Cancer. This suppression mechanism acts through the CKD4/6-Rb-E2F axis. In addition, recent studies found CDK 4/6 inhibitors activate the immune cells against tumor cell in HER2+ and TNBC subtypes. It also enhances breast cancer patients to immunotherapy. Here we provided short evidence of immune activation in breast cancer treated by CDK 4/6 inhibitor in alone or combinations. By understanding new mechanism CDK 4/6 inhibitor in immune activation, it increases the subtypes of breast cancer patients get benefit from CDK 4/6 inhibitor also improve the response to current immunotherapy.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of 12C Isotopically Enriched Polycrystalline Diamond

12C isotopically enriched polycrystalline diamond free-standing plates were synthesized by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Diamond plates 30 mm in diameter and 100–600 µm in thickness were successfully obtained at a typical growth rate of 3–5 µm/h. The 12C isotopic enrichment was 99.997%, whereas the nitrogen content was as low as 4 ppb. The preferential orientation of the <110 > crystallographic direction normal to the substrate plane was proved using the X-ray diffraction pattern. The sharp Raman peak with a low background and a clear free-exciton recombination emission in a cathodoluminescence measurement at room temperature indicate that the polycrystalline diamond has a substantially high crystalline quality.