Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Anomalous Northward Oceanic Heat Transport on Global Climate in a Slab Ocean Setting

This paper explores the impact of anomalous northward oceanic heat transport on global climate in a slab ocean setting. To that end, the GCM LMDZ5A of the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique is coupled to a slab ocean, with realistic zonal asymmetries and seasonal cycle. Two simulations with different anomalous surface heating are imposed: 1) uniform heating over the North Atlantic basin and 2) concentrated heating in the Gulf Stream region, with a compensating uniform cooling in the Southern Ocean in both cases. The magnitudes of the heating and of the implied northward interhemispheric heat transport are within the range of current natural variability. Both simulations show global effects that are particularly strong in the tropics, with a northward shift of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) toward the heating anomalies. This shift is accompanied by a northward shift of the storm tracks in both hemispheres. From the comparison between the two simulations with different anomalous surface heating in the North Atlantic, it emerges that the global climate response is nearly insensitive to the spatial distribution of the heating. The cloud response acts as a large positive feedback on the oceanic forcing, mainly because of the low-cloud-induced shortwave anomalies in the extratropics. While previous literature has speculated that the extratropical Q flux may impact the tropics by the way of the transient eddy fluxes, it is explicitly demonstrated here. In the midlatitudes, the authors find a systematic northward shift of the jets, as well as of the associated Ferrel cells, storm tracks, and precipitation bands.
A genetic algorithm for the overlay multicast routing problem

In this paper, we analyze several models of overlay multicast routing problem, and bring forward a new model based on multi-objective programming, discussing the solution of the model simultaneously. Then we employ the Prufer sequence as chromosome code and then propose a genetic algorithm to solve the model. Finally, we analyze the complexity of the algorithm.
Quantum oscillations inEuFe2As2single crystals

Quantum oscillation measurements can provide important information about the Fermi surface (FS) properties of strongly correlated metals. Here, we report a Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect study on the pnictide parent compounds EuFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ (Eu122) and BaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ (Ba122) grown by In-flux. Although both members are isovalent compounds with approximately the same density of states at the Fermi level, our results reveal subtle changes in their fermiology. Eu122 displays a complex pattern in the Fourier spectrum, with band splitting, magnetic breakdown orbits, and effective masses sistematically larger when compared to Ba122, indicating that the former is a more correlated metal. Moreover, the observed pockets in Eu122 are more isotropic and 3D-like, suggesting an equal contribution from the Fe $3d$ orbitals to the FS. We speculate that these FS changes may be responsible for the higher spin-density wave ordering temperature in Eu122.
The ‘Inside-out’ and ‘Outside-in’ Approaches on Students’ Perceived Service Quality: An Empirical Evaluation

Competition for student enrollment has intensified with the liberalization of the private higher education industry in Malaysia. This has prompted the higher private education institutions to pay more attention in assessing the overall students’ perceived service quality of the respective institution. The aim of this research is to evaluate and validate the determinants of the overall students’ perceived service quality for a private higher education institution in Malaysia, based on the combination of both the ‘inside-out’ and ‘outside-in’ approaches. A total of 458 undergraduate business students from a private university in Malaysia participated in this research. The research found that contact personnel, quality of librarians, access to facilities, curriculum, staff responsiveness from the Division of Examinations and Awards, reputation of the tertiary institution and academic program, amount of recreational activities, and cost of courses offered were positively related to the overall students’ perceived service quality. Keywords: inside-out approach; outside-in approach; perceived service quality; Malaysia
Written and Spoken Arabic in Syria: towards the development of teaching Arabic as a foreign language at the Higher Language Institute of Damascus

Standard Arabic is actually the language of writing in Damascus. The speeches made in the media and in some TV series are, in most cases, a literal restatement of visual coding of the language (text written in standard Arabic) in auditory coding (reading aloud the written text). Similarly, everyday Arabic does not have the same coding as Arabic that exists in the media, in books and in Arabic language courses. This gives the impression that the current teaching content is not suitable for a usage outside of the language classroom. This paper deals with the problem of building the lexical content of textbooks of teaching Arabic as a foreign language of The Higher Language Institute of Damascus (Syria). A content that does not withdraw from standard norms (focus on the adaptation of a classic or modern standard Arabic), but seeks to be as close as possible to the daily practice of language that is very rich in dialect. We study the spoken language in Syria represented in 30 Syrian TV videos. The study proves that about 60% of its lexical components belongs to standard Arabic. This analysis focuses on finding the crossing points in standard and spoken Arabic to build a route map that allows the learner an easy passage from what he or she learns in the Arabic language classroom to an Arabic that is really practiced in everyday communications. It provides some solutions to reduce the gap between these two usages of Arabic.
Why Can the Yield Curve Predict Output Growth, Inflation, and Interest Rates? An Analysis with an Affine Term Structure Model

The literature provides evidence that term spreads help predict output growth, inflation, and interest rates. This paper integrates and explains these predictability results by using an affine term structure model with observable macroeconomic factors for U.S. data. The results suggest that consumers are willing to pay a higher premium for a consumption hedge during a higher inflation regime. This causes term spreads to react to inflation shocks, which proves useful for prediction. We also find that term spreads using the short end of the yield curve have less predictive power than many other spreads. We attribute this to monetary policy inertia.
Analysis of the Energy Savings by HIDiC for the Multicomponent Separation

An analysis of energy savings by an internally Heat-Integrated Distillation Column (HIDiC) is conducted for the separation of multicomponent mixtures. The mixtures to be separated in this study are benzene-toluene-p-xylene (BTX) ternary system and twelve-component hydrocarbons system. The design and the operating variables are defined for both a conventional distillation column and a HIDiC, and the effect of each variable on the energy consumption is investigated by sensitivity analysis. Including the compressor duty, the energy consumption for BTX separation with HIDiC is only about 63 % of the conventional distillation column. For twelve-component hydrocarbons system, the HIDiC can save the energy of about 65 % compared to the conventional distillation column. These results show that the HIDiC can significantly reduce the energy consumption for the distillation processes.
Classical duals of derivatively self-coupled theories

Solutions to scalar theories with derivative self-couplings often have regions where non-linearities are important. Given a classical source, there is usually a region, demarcated by the Vainshtein radius, inside of which the classical non-linearities are dominant, while quantum effects are still negligible. If perturbation theory is used to find such solutions, the expansion generally breaks down as the Vainshtein radius is approached from the outside. Here we show that it is possible, by integrating in certain auxiliary fields, to reformulate these theories in such a way that non-linearities become small inside the Vainshtein radius, and large outside it. This provides a complementary, or classically dual, description of the same theory -- one in which non-perturbative regions become accessible perturbatively. We consider a few examples of classical solutions with various symmetries, and find that in all the cases the dual formulation makes it rather simple to study regimes in which the original perturbation theory fails to work. As an illustration, we reproduce by perturbative calculations some of the already known non-perturbative results, for a point-like source, cosmic string, and domain wall, and derive a new one. The dual formulation may be useful for developing the PPN formalism in the theories of modified gravity that give rise to such scalar theories.
Stress protein expression is related to tail loss in two species of iguanid lizards

During the spring of 1999, two species of iguanid lizards were captured in southern Baja California penin- sula, Mexico. Blood was obtained from the tail to check for the presence of blood parasites in smears and stress pro- teins in cells. Levels of HSP70- and HSP60-like proteins from Sceloporus licki Van Denburgh, 1895 and Petrosaurus thalassinus (Cope, 1863) were analyzed with Western blot using antisera to human HSP60 and bovine HSP70. The po- tential effects of sex, tail regeneration, and haemoparasites on the expression of these proteins were also investigated. Both species differ significantly in stress protein levels and infection by haemoparasites. Petrosaurus thalassinus show the lower stress protein levels and the higher proportion of infection. Although blood parasites apparently affect the condition of P. thalassinus, stress protein levels are not significantly related with haemoparasites or condition. However, S. licki lizards showing tail regeneration have lower levels of HSP60-like protein. A negative relationship exists be - tween the length of the regenerated part of the tail and the level of HSP60-like protein for S. licki. Based on what is known of the function of HSP60, down-regulation of the protein in blood cells may be linked to reallocation of ener- gies to other tissues more active metabolically.
Combinatorics based problem specific software architecture formulation using multi-objective genetic algorithm

In Software Development Process, the design of complex systems is an important phase where software architects have to deal with abstract artefacts, procedures and ideas to discover the most suitable underlying architecture. Due to uncontrolled modifications of the de-sign and frequent change of requirements, many of the working systems do not have a proper architecture. Most of the approaches recover the architectural blocks at the end of the development process which are not appropriate to the system considered. In order to structure these systems software components compositions and interactions should be properly adjusted which is a tedious work. Search-based Software Engineering (SBSE) is an emerging area which can support the decision making process of formulating the software architecture from initial analysis models. Thus component-based architectures is articulated as a multiple optimisation problem using evolutionary algorithms. Totally different metrics is applied looking on the design needs and also the specific domain. Thus during this analysis work, an effort has been created to propose a multi objective evolutionary approach for the invention of the underlying software system architectures beside a versatile encoding structure, correct style metrics for the fitness operate to enhance the standard and accuracy of the software system design.
A Computational Model for Real-Time Calculation of Electric Field due to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Clinics

The aim of this paper is to propose an approach for an accurate and fast (real-time) computation of the electric field induced inside the whole brain volume during a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) procedure. The numerical solution implements the admittance method for a discretized realistic brain model derived from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Results are in a good agreement with those obtained using commercial codes and require much less computational time. An integration of the developed code with neuronavigation tools will permit real-time evaluation of the stimulated brain regions during the TMS delivery, thus improving the efficacy of clinical applications.
A New Distance Metric Learning Algorithm for Hand Posture Recognition

Keywords: Distance metric learning. Nearest classify. Hand posture recognition. Abstract. A new distance metric learning algorithm for hand posture recognition is proposed in this paper. By adopting the Fourier descriptor of the hand shape as the sample feature, the algorithm exerts new constrains on the distance of inter-class pairs, and learns a Mahalanobis distance metric matrix by minimizing the distance of intra-class pairs and maximizing the distance of inter-class pairs simultaneously. Then k-nearest neighbor classifier is used to test the introduced method. The experimental results on multi-class hand posture recognition by k-nearest neighbor classifier show that the presented algorithm has less error rate than other distance metric learning algorithms.
Master production schedule time interval strategies in make-to-order supply chains

While the literature primarily addresses MPS design from the manufacturer's perspective, this research considers MPS policy design in a two-stage rolling schedule environment with a particular focus on the policy governing schedule flexibility in the non-frozen time interval (i.e. liquid versus slushy orders). Using computer simulation, we experimentally evaluate the impact of four MPS design factors (non-frozen interval policy, planning horizon length, frozen interval length and re-planning frequency) and four environmental factors (natural order cycle length, vendor flexibility, demand range and demand lumpiness) on MPS schedule cost and instability. The experimental design considers the often-conflicting impact of MPS policy on the channel members by capturing performance metrics at the manufacturer, vendor and system level. The research findings indicate that moving from a liquid to a slushy non-interval strategy increases the manufacturer's costs, but may result in an even greater cost reduction for the vendor resulting in lower system costs. The economic benefit of the slushy strategy is directly tied to the vendor's relative flexibility in responding to the manufacturer's orders on a lot-for-lot basis. High vendor flexibility favours the liquid strategy, while low vendor flexibility favours the slushy strategy. ¶ This research was partially funded by a grant from the Scholarly Research Grant Program of the College of Business Administration at the University of Tennessee.
Youngsters knapping flint near the campfire : An alternative view of site k at Maastricht-Belvédère (the Netherlands)

Inspired by De Loecker's recent book (2006) about the main Saalian find level in the Maastricht-Belvedere Quarry, several aspects of the Early Middle Palaeolithic Site K are being discussed. First, it is argued that apprentices in the art of flint working were active here: most probably children. The reason is the presence of relatively many cores showing phenomena such as stacked steps and face battering, which are characteristic of apprentices (Shelley 1990). The absence of the classic Levallois technology, and the use of the simpler discoidal cores instead, is interpreted as an adaptation to children who are learning to knap flint, rather than as a result of poor-quality raw material. Secondly, the spatial distribution of the relatively high number of burnt flint artefacts (5.7%) is analysed. A proportion map, illustrating the percentages of burnt artefacts in all square metres with at least ten artefacts shows two clusters with locally high percentages in the southern part of the excavated area. A statistical analysis, including chi-square or binomial tests for each square metre, reveals that these clusters can hardly be the result of chance, and may therefore be interpreted as hearth locations.
Inflation Targeting and Inflation Persistence in Asia

Following the Asian financial crisis in 1997-98, a number of Asian central banks adopted inflation targeting. We explore how successful this framework has been by looking at the persistence of inflation, as measured by the sum of the coefficients in an autoregressive model for inflation, using a median unbiased estimator and bootstrapped confidence bands. We find a significant reduction in inflation persistence following the adoption of inflation targeting. The speed by which persistence falls varies across countries. Interestingly, the economies not adopting inflation targeting do not show a decline in persistence. Measuring the performance of monetary policy strategies in terms of inflation persistence rather than the level of inflation shows that inflation targeting performs better than alternative strategies.
Channel Estimation Techniques for OFDM traffic based on Fast Fourier Transform

The rapid pace of development in wireless technology has put substantial requirements on various system parameters e.g. handling large number of users, huge data transfers, efficient time usage, higher transmission rates and improves transmission quality are required. Numerous papers have been published in wireless channel estimations techniques like pilot allocation schemes, lest square estimation, minimum mean square estimation. In this paper we are focusing on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and the estimation of channel in an OFDM system by allocation of Pilots (known as reference signals).
Nondestructive Complex Permittivity and Permeability Extraction Using a Two-Layer Dual-Waveguide Probe Measurement Geometry

A two-layer dual-waveguide probe measurement geometry is proposed to nondestructively measure the complex permittivity and permeability of planar materials. The new measurement structure consists of two rectangular waveguides attached to a PEC ∞ange plate that is placed against the material under test, followed by a known material layer backed by a PEC. The purpose for this new measurement geometry is to improve the permittivity results obtained using the existing dual-waveguide probe geometries, namely, the PEC-backed and free-space-backed geometries, by permitting a larger electric fleld into the material under test and increasing the fleld coupling between the two rectangular waveguide apertures. The theoretical development of the technique is presented extending the existing single-layer PEC-backed method to the proposed two-layer dual-waveguide probe method. The new measurement structure is theoretically analyzed by replacing the waveguide apertures with equivalent magnetic currents as stipulated by Love's equivalence theorem. Making use of the magnetic-current-excited two-layer parallel-plate Green's function and enforcing the continuity of the transverse magnetic flelds over the waveguide apertures results in a system of coupled magnetic fleld integral equations. These coupled magnetic fleld integral equations are then solved for the theoretical re∞ection and transmission coe-cients using the Method of Moments. The desired complex permittivity and permeability of the material under test are found by minimizing the root-mean-square difierence between the theoretical and measured re∞ection and transmission coe-cients, i.e., numerical inversion. Last, experimental results utilizing the new two-layer technique are presented for two magnetic
Inherently three dimensional magnetic reconnection: A mechanism for bursty bulk flows?

We examine the development of mesoscale structure during 3‐D magnetic reconnection which initiates from random perturbations. Reconnection develops as multiple x‐line segments with characteristic scale lengths of ∼1–4 Re in the cross tail direction. For relatively wide initial current sheets (several c/ωpi), these finite length x‐lines remain spatially isolated and drive reconnection which is strongly reminiscent of bursty bulk flows (BBFs) in the magnetotail. In narrower initial current layers the x‐line segments merge together to a state in which large scale magnetic energy release takes place. Thus, the degree of compression of the magnetotail may ultimately determine if energy is released in local bursts or globally as a substorm.
Peculiarities of SDS-PAGE of Titin/Connectin

Titin (also known as connectin) is a giant elastic protein of striated and smooth muscles of vertebrates. The molecular weight of its isoforms is 3.0–3.7 MDa in striated muscles and 0.5–2.0 MDa in smooth muscles. Titin was discovered 40 years ago using the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). At the present time, this method has not lost its relevance but has undergone a number of modifications that improve visualization of giant titin isoforms in the gel. This chapter provides historical insights into the technical aspects of the electrophoresis methods used to identify titin and its isoforms. We focus on the peculiarities of the technique because of which titin molecules remain intact and its high molecular weight isoforms can be visualized. Electrophoretic testing of changes in titin content in muscles can be used in medical practice to diagnose pathological processes and evaluate effective approaches to their correction. was performed in vertical agarose- strengthened 2.1% polyacrylamide gel (8 × 10 × 0.1 cm). (1) m. soleus (control); (2) m. soleus (proteolysis, 1 h); (3) left ventricle of heart (control); (4) left ventricle of heart (proteolysis, 30 min). Proteolytic cleavage of titin was performed under the influence of endogenous muscular proteases. To this end, small pieces of muscle tissue (20–30 mg) were held for 30–60 min at 25–30°C. Then, 2–3 mg pieces were taken from the muscle sample and placed into solubilizing solution (10 mM Tris–HCl, 1.2% SDS, 10% glycerol, 2% β-mercaptoethanol or 75 mM DTT, 8–10 μg/ml of leupeptin or E64, pH 7.0) for the extraction and further electrophoretic testing of the proteins. T3300 is probably the proteolytic fragment of NT titin with molecular weight of ~3300 kDa.
The Intelligent Voice System Description for the First DIHARD Challenge

This document describes the Intelligent Voice (IV) speaker diarization system for the first DIHARD challenge. The aim of this challenge is to provide an evaluation protocol to assess speaker diarization on more challenging domains with the speech across a wide array of challenging acoustic and environmental conditions. We developed a new frame-level speaker diarization built on the success of deep neural network based speaker embeddings, known as d-vectors, in speaker verification systems. In contrary to acoustic features such as MFCCs, frame-level speaker embeddings are much better at discerning speaker identities. We perform spectral clustering on our proposed LSTM-based speaker embeddings to generate speaker log likelihood for each frame. A HMM is then used to refine the speaker posterior probabilities through limiting the probability of switching between speakers when changing frames.