Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analog fault testing through abstraction

Despite analog SPICE-like simulators have reached their maturity, most of them were not originally conceived for simulating faulty circuits. With the advent of smart systems, fault testing has to deal with models encompassing both analog and digital blocks. Due to their complexity, the industry is still lacking of effective testing approaches for these analog and mixed-signal (AMS) models. The current problem is the computational time required for implementing an analog fault simulation campaign. To this end, the work presented in this paper is an automatic procedure which: 1) injects faults in an analog circuit, 2) abstracts both faulty and fault-free models from the circuit to the functional level, 3) builds an efficient fault simulation framework. The processes of fault injection, faulty model abstraction and framework generation are reported in details, as well as how simulation is carried out. This abstraction process, which preserves the faulty behaviors, allows to reach a speed-up of some orders of magnitude and thus, making feasible an extensive analog faults campaign.
X-ray Computed Tomography

X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) is an indirect non-destructive imaging method. It allows to visualize the local absorption properties of a specimen. As it is an indirect method, CT requires the application of a numerical reconstruction algorithm to retrieve these absorption coefficients. In this student lab experiment you will perform several CT scans and reconstruct tomograms from them using the Filtered Backprojection algorithm. For data analysis and all the calculations MATLAB is used. You may bring along your own sample as well for examinations. A printout of this manual is available at the experiment!
Timing of the Decision To Remain Voluntarily Childless: Evidence for Continuous Socialization

This study contrasts different types of voluntary childlessness. Women who decided to remain childless relatively early in life, before marriage (early articulators) were compared with women who did not decide until after they had married and developed a preferred life style that did not include children (postponers). The comparison centered on a previously formulated model that explained the decision to remain childless in terms of family background factors, autonomy and achievement orientation in adulthood, and reference group support. The major difference disclosed by this research was with respect to family background factors. In addition to the early versus later decision to remain childless, socialization patterns in the family of orientation differentiate the two types of voluntarily childless women.
Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators.

BACKGROUND Left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction after myocardial infarction are major predictors of death. In experimental and clinical studies, longterm therapy with the angiotensin-converting--enzyme inhibitor captopril attenuated ventricular dilatation and remodeling. We investigated whether captopril could reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction. METHODS Within 3 to 16 days after myocardial infarction, 2231 patients with ejection fractions of 40 percent or less but without overt heart failure or symptoms of myocardial ischemia were randomly assigned to receive doubleblind treatment with either placebo (1116 patients) or captopril (1115 patients) and were followed for an average of 42 months. RESULTS Mortality from all causes was significantly reduced in the captopril group (228 deaths, or 20 percent) as compared with the placebo group (275 deaths, or 25 percent); the reduction in risk was 19 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 32 percent; P = 0.019). In addition, the incidence of both fatal and nonfatal major cardiovascular events was consistently reduced in the captopril group. The reduction in risk was 21 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 5 to 35 percent; P = 0.014) for death from cardiovascular causes, 37 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 20 to 50 percent; P less than 0.001) for the development of severe heart failure, 22 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 4 to 37 percent; P = 0.019) for congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization, and 25 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 5 to 40 percent; P = 0.015) for recurrent myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS In patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction, long-term administration of captopril was associated with an improvement in survival and reduced morbidity and mortality due to major cardiovascular events. These benefits were observed in patients who received thrombolytic therapy, aspirin, or beta-blockers, as well as those who did not, suggesting that treatment with captopril leads to additional improvement in outcome among selected survivors of myocardial infarction.
Analyses of Four Ball Point Pen Inks and Two Dyes by Thin-Layer Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Time-of-Flight and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Ball point pen inks contain one or more dyes. Characterization and identification of dyes of ball point pen inks is very important in forensic document examination. Some problems may arise because mixtures of dyes give complex instrumental responses especially when dyes are not pure substances. It is true that rhodamine 6G shows three different color bands on a thin layer chromatographic (TLC) plate after separation. Fluorescent and mass spectrometric analyses after TLC and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation provide specific results of different components in dyes. Matrix assisted laser desorption time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric analyses in this work cross-examined the molecular weights of different components in dye. The methods used in this work show strong potential for the characterization and identification of dyes, especially when further analysis such as ink dating is desirable.
System Performance of Clustered DFT-S-OFDM Considering Maximum Allowable Transmit Power

Support of non-contiguous frequency resource allocation (FRA) based on clustered discrete Fourier transform-spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (clustered DFT-S-OFDM) is considered a key element of LTE-Advanced uplink to enhance the spectrum efficiency via an enhanced frequency domain scheduling. However, reduction of out-of-band emissions due to multiple clusters is a critical issue for clustered DFT-S-OFDM in an actual system. This paper verifies the system performance gain of clustered DFT-S-OFDM using power control (PC) with maximum power reduction (MPR) for suppression of out-of-band emissions, under realistic assumptions, including channel quality measurement error and power setting error. Simulation results show that the clustered DFT-S-OFDM improves the average throughput over DFT-S-OFDM, even with PC with MPR, but suffers some degradation due to the large fixed MPR. By applying a novel PC with autonomously adjusted MPR that depends on the separation of the clusters, no degradation of the performance gain is observed while satisfying the spectrum emission requirements.
Antinutrient occurrence and some physicochemical properties of the protein fractions of five Brazilian soybean varieties.

Protein solubility under different pH conditions, amino acid composition of proteins in the flours, and proteins isolated at a pH of 4.5 (P.I.), as well as trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin activities were studied in five Brazilian soybean varieties. The levels of protein and non-protein amino compounds were similar for all varieties. More protein was extracted in slightly alkaline (pH 8.5) water solution than with plain water. Lowering the pH of the extract to 4.5 caused the precipitation of 83% to 86% of the protein. Of the nitrogen remaining in the whey 31% to 39% could be precipitated with 5% trichloroacetic acid. Protein isolated inhibited amino acid patterns similar to those of defatted flours. Trypsin inhibitor activities were higher in the plain water extracts than in the extracts at pH 8.5. Most of the trypsin inhibitory activity was associated with the whey fraction, soluble at a pH of 4.5, while the hemagglutinin activities decreased considerably in the pH 4.5 supernatant, indicating precipitation of the hemagglutinins in this pH.
High school students' sports personalities: Variations across participation level, gender, type of sport, and success

Personality has become an increasingly important area in sport psychology as attempts are made to understand, explain, and predict levels of spouting involvement and success. To further understand these relationships, 312 Grade 11 and 12 students completed a battery of personality and mood-state inventories consisting of the STAI, EPQ and POMS, and were then categorized by (i) participation in spout (ii) type of sport played, and (iii) level of success experienced. A MANOVA indicated that spouts participants had significantly different personality profiles from non-participants - univariate tests showed the participants to be move extraverted and vigorous, and less anxious, neurotic, depressed and confused. Gender differences noted for sports participants continued across type of sport and success level. Elite athletes were found to have a mood profile significantly different from nonelite athletes, and almost congruent with Morgan's (1980) ''iceberg'' profile. Results support the view that sports participation is associated with positive mental health.
Hypoxia Stimulates Glucose Transport in Insulin-Resistant Human Skeletal Muscle

Insulin and muscle contraction stimulate glucose transport into muscle cells by separate signaling pathways, and hypoxia has been shown to operate via the contraction signaling pathway. To elucidate the mechanism of insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle, strips of rectus abdominis muscle from lean (body mass index [BMI] < 25), obese (BMI > 30), and obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (BMI > 30) patients were incubated under basal and insulin-, hypoxia-, and hypoxia + insulin-stimulated conditions. Insulin significantly stimulated 2-deoxyglucose transport twofold in muscle from lean (P < 0.05) patients, but not in muscle from obese or obese NIDDM patients. Furthermore, maximally insulin-stimulated transport rates in muscle from obese and diabetic patients were significantly lower than rates in muscle from lean patients (P < 0.05). Hypoxia significantly stimulated glucose transport in muscle from lean and obese patients. There were no significant differences in hypoxia-stimulated glucose transport rates among lean, obese, and obese NIDDM groups. Hypoxia + insulin significantly stimulated glucose transport in lean, obese, and diabetic muscle. The results of the present study suggest that the glucose transport effector system is intact in diabetic human muscle when stimulated by hypoxia.
Optimizing Fuzzy Cluster Ensemble in String Representation

In this paper, we present a novel optimization-based method for the combination of cluster ensembles. The information among the ensemble is formulated in 0-1 bit strings. The suggested model defines a constrained nonlinear objective function, called fuzzy string objective function (FSOF), which maximizes the agreement between the ensemble members and minimizes the disagreement simultaneously. Despite the crisp primary partitions, the suggested model employs fuzzy logic in the mentioned objective function. Each row in a candidate solution of the model includes membership degrees indicating how much data point belongs to each cluster. The defined nonlinear model can be solved by every nonlinear optimizer; however; we used genetic algorithm to solve it. Accordingly, three suitable crossover and mutation operators satisfying the constraints of the problem are devised. The proposed crossover operators exchange information between two clusters. They use a novel relabeling method to find corresponding clusters between two partitions. The algorithm is applied on multiple standard datasets. The obtained results show that the modified genetic algorithm operators are desirable in exploration and exploitation of the big search space.
Hypertension – A Possible Vulnerability Marker for Depression in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Objective:This study explored the association of hypertension and psychiatric morbidity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) under adjusted personality characteristics and parental attachment. Methods: The mental health of 121 patients with ESRD in a general teaching hospital was evaluated using the 12-item version of the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Only 40 males and 49 females completed all the questionnaires. Ten of the 40 males and 21 of the 49 females had high scores (≧4) and were allotted to the case group (n = 31). The remaining 58 patients constituted the control group (CHQ <4). Results: The logistic regression model showed that hypertension, gender, and neuroticism are statistically significant covariates. Hypertension, especially, was strongly associated with depressive vulnerability (odds ratio of hypertension versus without hypertension = 9.07:1). Structural equation modeling revealed that gender difference and hypertension directly influenced the individuals’ mental health status and that the influence of hypertension on mental health was highly variable. Conclusion:A parsimonious structural equation model provided considerable evidence that hypertension could have an important effect on depression in ESRD patients, when predisposing factors, such as personality characteristics and parental attachment, gender, duration of hemodialysis and other medical diseases were adjusted. Hence, hypertension might be a mediating factor of depressive vulnerability in ESRD patients underling genetic and environmental problems.
A Two-Phase Fully-Integrated DC–DC Converter With Self-Adaptive DCM Control and GIPD Passive Components

This paper presents a two-phase fully-integrated dc-dc converter for system-in-package systems with passive components fabricated using a glass-substrate-integrated passive device (GIPD) process. The proposed self-adaptive discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) controller and low-swing/full-swing buffer were incorporated to reduce the switching loss and maintain high efficiency at high switching frequency. A secondary phase and phase controller were added to increase the output power and reduce the output ripple. The proposed GIPD solution packages a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process and GIPD process in 3-D format to reduce the footprint of the system. The proposed self-adaptive DCM controller and low-swing/fullswing buffer improve efficiency of 15% in measurement compared to our previous work on the GIPD process in simulation. The peak efficiency of the proposed converter was 79.09% at a 400-mA load current, 5% higher than the peak efficiency presented in previous study. The maximal output power could reach 720 mW and the maximal switching frequency (fCCM) was designed to be 70 MHz (measured at 50 MHz) with only two 6-nH inductors and one 15-nF capacitor.
The diet of Myotis lucifugus across Canada: assessing foraging quality and diet variability

Variation in prey resources influences the diet and behaviour of predators. When prey become limiting, predators may travel farther to find preferred food or adjust to existing local resources. When predators are habitat limited, local resource abundance impacts foraging success. We analysed the diet of Myotis lucifugus (little brown bats) from Nova Scotia (eastern Canada) to the Northwest Territories (north‐western Canada). This distribution includes extremes of season length and temperature and encompasses colonies on rural monoculture farms, and in urban and unmodified areas. We recognized nearly 600 distinct species of prey, of which ≈30% could be identified using reference sequence libraries. We found a higher than expected use of lepidopterans, which comprised a range of dietary richness from ≈35% early in the summer to ≈55% by late summer. Diptera were the second largest prey group consumed, representing ≈45% of dietary diversity early in the summer. We observed extreme local dietary variability and variation among seasons and years. Based on the species of insects that were consumed, we observed that two locations support prey species with extremely low pollution and acidification tolerances, suggesting that these are areas without environmental contamination. We conclude that there is significant local population variability in little brown bat diet that is likely driven by seasonal and geographical changes in insect diversity, and that this prey may be a good indicator of environment quality.
Persistence of motor unit and muscle fiber types in the presence of inactivity

SUMMARY The clarity of categorizing skeletal muscle fibers in individual motor units into phenotypes based on quantitative single fiber enzyme activities and as a function of neuromuscular activity level was examined. Neuromuscular activity was eliminated in adult cat hindlimb muscles by spinal cord isolation (SI), i.e. complete spinal cord transection at a low thoracic and a high sacral level with bilateral dorsal rhizotomy between the transection sites. One motor unit was isolated via ventral root teasing procedures from the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of each hindlimb in control and SI cats, and physiologically tested and glycogen depleted through repetitive stimulation; fibers comprising each motor unit were visualized through glycogen staining. Each motor unit was composed of fibers of the same myosin immunohistochemical type. Myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase andα -glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activities were determined for a sample of motor unit and non-motor unit fibers, providing a measure of three enzyme activities often used to characterize fiber phenotype within a single unit. Although normal enzyme activities were altered after 6 months of inactivity, the relationships among the three enzymes were largely maintained. These data demonstrate that it is not the diversity in any single enzyme property but the profile of several metabolic pathways that underlies the significance of fiber phenotypes. These profiles must reflect a high level of coordination of expression of selected combinations of genes. Although neuromuscular activity level influences fiber phenotype, the present results demonstrate that activity-independent mechanisms remain important sources of the control of phenotype establishment in the near absence of activity.
A Hybrid Arabic Text Summarization Technique Based on Text Structure and Topic Identification

We present a hybrid approach to the problem of Arabic text summarization. Our approach focuses on segment extraction and ranking using heuristic methods that assign weighted scores to segments of text. Also, we use a text categorization system and the Arabic WordNet to identify the thematic structure of the input text in order to select the most relevant sentences obtained from the statistical analysis process. We use a tokenizer, a stemmer and other statistical tools borrowed from traditional information retrieval to identify relevant segments in the text. The source document is segmented into its major units (title, paragraphs and lines) and then, text-lines are interpreted to extract relevant segments for inclusion in the summary. The summarization system was tested by 1200 human evaluators, who were each given a copy of a newspaper article and a system-generated summary and asked to classify them as "rejected," "not-related," "satisfactory," "good," or "accepted. " 76.92% of the summaries were judged t.
Sentiment Analysis in Weblog Using Contextual Information: A Machine Learning Approach

This paper investigates sentiments in blog data using machine learning techniques such as support vector machines (SVM) and conditional random fields (CRF). Bloggers collaboratively contribute to the formation of blog corpora, which contain a rich set of icon-tagged text expressions. First, a collocation model on the expressions is used to construct a lexicon which provides keyword features for subsequent classification models. SVM and CRF classifiers use these keywords as features to assign a sentence sentiment bipolarity or arousal-valence space categories. Our methods determine a sentiment category by taking contexts into account. Experiments show that CRF classifiers outperform SVM classifiers and the performance benefits from increasing the training size of blog materials.
Molecular basis of neonatal diabetes in Japanese patients.

CONTEXT Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is classified clinically into a transient form (TNDM), in which insulin secretion recovers within several months, and a permanent form (PNDM), requiring lifelong medication. However, these conditions are genetically heterogeneous. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of the responsible gene and delineate their clinical characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS The chromosome 6q24 abnormality and KCNJ11 and ABCC8 mutations were analyzed in 31 Japanese patients (16 with TNDM and 15 with PNDM). Moreover, FOXP3 and IPF1 mutations were analyzed in a patient with immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy X-linked syndrome and with pancreatic agenesis, respectively. RESULTS A molecular basis for NDM was found in 23 patients: 6q24 in eleven, KCNJ11 in nine, ABCC8 in two, and FOXP3 in one. All the patients with the 6q24 abnormality and two patients with the KCNJ11 mutation proved to be TNDM. Five mutations were novel: two (p.A174G and p.R50G) [corrected] in KCNJ11, two (p.A90V and p.N1122D) in ABCC8, and one (p.P367L) in FOXP3. Comparing the 6q24 abnormality and KCNJ11 mutation, there were some significant clinical differences: the earlier onset of diabetes, the lower frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis at onset, and the higher proportion of the patients with macroglossia at initial presentation in the patients with 6q24 abnormality. In contrast, two patients with the KCNJ11 mutations manifested epilepsy and developmental delay. CONCLUSIONS Both the 6q24 abnormality and KCNJ11 mutation are major causes of NDM in Japanese patients. Clinical differences between them could provide important insight into the decision of which gene to analyze in affected patients first.