Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visible-enhanced photocatalytic performance of CuWO4/WO3 hetero-structures: incorporation of plasmonic Ag nanostructures

A new plasmonic Ag hybridized CuWO4/WO3 heterostructure was successfully synthesized via a ligand-assisted sol gel method. The as-prepared plasmonic nanohybrid was thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Moreover, the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photo-degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The results indicate that the as-prepared plasmonic Ag–CuWO4/WO3 nanohybrid (compared to pure WO3) with high surface area exhibits significant enhancement in photocatalytic behavior in the visible spectrum, which can be ascribed to combined effects, including the more effective absorption of visible light, lower bulk resistance, effective separation/transfer of photo-generated charge carriers and reduced electron/hole recombination which results from the contribution of hetero-junction and plasmonic Ag incorporation. In addition, a possible mechanism for the photo-degradation process of the hetero-structured Ag nanohybrid is proposed. Finally, the metal/semiconductor nanohybrid displayed sufficient recyclability with respect to photocatalytic activity, making it a promising candidate for pollutant degradation and energy conversion applications.
Clinical Implications of Inter- and Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity of Immune Cell Markers in Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND Immune cell transcriptome signatures have been widely used to study the lung tumor microenvironment (TME). However, it is unclear to what extent the immune cell composition in the lung TME varies across histological and molecular subtypes (inter-tumor heterogeneity or Inter-TH) and within tumors (intratumor heterogeneity or ITH), and whether ITH has any prognostic relevance. METHODS Using RNA sequencing in 269 tumor samples from 160 lung cancer patients we quantified the Inter-TH of immune gene expression and immune cell abundance and evaluated the association of median immune cell abundance with clinical/pathological features and overall survival. In 39 tumors with 132 multi-region samples, we also analyzed the ITH of immune cell abundance in relation to overall survival using a variance-weighted multivariate Cox model not biased by the number of samples per tumor. RESULTS Substantial Inter-TH of 14 immune cell types was observed even within the same histological and molecular subtypes, but early-stage tumors had higher lymphocyte infiltration across all tumor types. In multi-region samples, an unbiased estimate of low ITH of overall immune cell composition (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21 to 0.78; P = .007), dendritic cells (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.096 to 0.58; P = .002) and macrophages (HR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.84; P = .009) was strongly associated with poor survival. The ITH of three markers, including CD163 and CD68 (macrophages) and CCL13 (dendritic cells), was enough to characterize the ITH of the corresponding immune cell abundances and its association with overall survival. CONCLUSION This study suggests that lack of immune cell diversity may facilitate tumor evasion and progression. ITH inferred from CCL13, CD163 and CD68 could be used as a prognostic tool in clinical practice.
Parents’ experience of family-centred care in the post-anaesthetic care unit during non-clinical delays: A qualitative study

The qualitative exploratory descriptive study explored parents’ experience of family-centred care during delayed transfer from a paediatric post-anaesthetic care unit to an inpatient ward. Data were collected in a tertiary children’s hospital in Melbourne, Australia, using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Participants (n = 15) were parents of children (n = 10, aged 6 months to 16 years) delayed in a Stage 1 post-anaesthetic care unit for longer than 30 min. Elements of the family-centred care framework guided thematic analysis, the core concepts of which are respect and dignity, information sharing, participation and collaboration. Respect and dignity was most often identified, expressed in three subthemes: (1) the caring behaviour of staff, (2) being present with their child and (3) a journey shared with other families. Information sharing was also common, illustrated through (1) being told information and (2) being heard. Participation, the third element of the framework, was infrequently identified by participants; however, parents of children under 6 years of age alluded to contributing to their child’s care. The final element, collaboration, was not identified in the study data. Only two of four elements of the family-centred care framework were common in parents’ experiences: respect and dignity, and information sharing. ‘Being with’ their child emerged as a central concern for parents’ perceptions of family-centred care.
Entorhinal cortical Island cells regulate temporal association learning with long trace period

Temporal association learning (TAL) allows for the linkage of distinct, nonsynchronous events across a period of time. This function is driven by neural interactions in the entorhinal cortical–hippocampal network, especially the neural input from the pyramidal cells in layer III of medial entorhinal cortex (MECIII) to hippocampal CA1 is crucial for TAL. Successful TAL depends on the strength of event stimuli and the duration of the temporal gap between events. Whereas it has been demonstrated that the neural input from pyramidal cells in layer II of MEC, referred to as Island cells, to inhibitory neurons in dorsal hippocampal CA1 controls TAL when the strength of event stimuli is weak, it remains unknown whether Island cells regulate TAL with long trace periods as well. To understand the role of Island cells in regulating the duration of the learnable trace period in TAL, we used Pavlovian trace fear conditioning (TFC) with a 60-sec long trace period (long trace fear conditioning [L-TFC]) coupled with optogenetic and chemogenetic neural activity manipulations as well as cell type-specific neural ablation. We found that ablation of Island cells in MECII partially increases L-TFC performance. Chemogenetic manipulation of Island cells causes differential effectiveness in Island cell activity and leads to a circuit imbalance that disrupts L-TFC. However, optogenetic terminal inhibition of Island cell input to dorsal hippocampal CA1 during the temporal association period allows for long trace intervals to be learned in TFC. These results demonstrate that Island cells have a critical role in regulating the duration of time bridgeable between associated events in TAL.
Global and Regional Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy; A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Purpose We conducted a systematic search to estimate DR prevalence in different age and gender groups, and to evaluate the determinants of heterogeneity in its prevalence. Methods A systematic and comprehensive search from inception to August 10, 2020, was done in international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and other data sources without any restriction to find cross-sectional studies related to the prevalence of DR. Results Of 6399 studies, 90 articles with a sample size of 563460 individuals and 204189 diabetic patients were analyzed. The estimated pooled prevalence of DR in the diabetic population in general; in female and in male was 28.41% (95% CI: 25.98 to 30.84); 25.93% (95% CI: 23.54 to 28.31) and 28.95% (95% CI: 26.57 to 31.32); respectively and the prevalence of DR showed no inter-gender difference. The heterogeneity of the pooled prevalence according to I2 was 99% (p < .001). According to the meta-regression results, the variables of WHO region (Coefficient of AMRO vs SEARO: 15.56; p: 0.002), age (Coefficient of above 60 years vs below 40 year: 18.67; p: 0.001), type of DR (Coefficient: 19.01; p < .001), and publication year (Coefficient: -0.60; p: 0.001) had a significant correlation with heterogeneity. Conclusion One third of diabetic patients suffered from DR, mostly NPDR. DR increased markedly after the age of 60 years, which could be due to the longer duration of diabetes. Age, WHO region, type of DR, and publication year affected the heterogeneity in the prevalence of DR.
Mesencephalic dopamine neurons are essential for modafinil‐induced arousal

Modafinil is a potent eugeroic (wakefulness‐promoting) drug that is prescribed to treat narcolepsy and has a low incidence of abuse. Although previous studies have shown that modafinil‐induced arousal depends on the dopamine receptors and transporters, the specific part/s of the dopamine transmitter system underlying this mechanism remained unclear. Here, we investigated the role of mesencephalic dopamine neurons in modafinil‐evoked arousal.
Correction for Laurent et al., Emergence of homochirality in large molecular systems

The selection of a single molecular handedness, or homochirality across all living matter, is a mystery in the origin of life. Frank’s seminal model showed in the ’50s how chiral symmetry break- ing can occur in nonequilibrium chemical networks. However, an important shortcoming in this classic model is that it considers a small number of species, while there is no reason for the prebiotic system, in which homochirality ﬁrst appeared, to have had such a simple composition. Furthermore, this model does not provide information on what could have been the size of the molecules involved in this homochiral prebiotic system. Here, we show that large molecular systems are likely to undergo a phase transition toward a homochiral state, as a consequence of the fact that they contain a large number of chiral species. Using chemoinformatics tools, we quantify how abundant chiral species are in the chemical universe of all possible molecules of a given length. Then, we propose that Frank’s model should be extended to include a large number of species, in order to possess the transition toward homochirality, as conﬁrmed by numerical simulations. Finally, using random matrix theory, we prove that large nonequilibrium reaction networks possess a generic and robust phase transition toward a homochiral state.
The role of the biomechanics analyst in swimming training and competition analysis

ABSTRACT Swimming analysts aid coaches and athletes in the decision-making by providing evidence-based recommendations. The aim of this narrative review was to report the best practices of swimming analysts that have been supporting high-performance athletes. It also aims to share how swimming analysts can translate applied research into practice. The role of the swimming analyst, as part of a holistic team supporting high-performance athletes, has been expanding and is needed to be distinguished from the job scope of a swimming researcher. As testing can be time-consuming, analysts must decide what to test and when to conduct the evaluation sessions. Swimming analysts engage in the modelling and forecast of the performance, that in short- and mid-term can help set races target-times, and in the long-term provide insights on talent and career development. Races can be analysed by manual, semi-automatic or fully automatic video analysis with single or multi-cameras set-ups. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the swim strokes, start, turns, and finish are also part of the analyst job scope and associated with race performance goals. Land-based training is another task that can be assigned to analysts and aims to enhance the performance, prevent musculoskeletal injuries and monitor its risk factors.
Gender Prediction for a Multiethnic Population via Deep Learning Across Different Retinal Fundus Photograph Fields: Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

Background Deep learning algorithms have been built for the detection of systemic and eye diseases based on fundus photographs. The retina possesses features that can be affected by gender differences, and the extent to which these features are captured via photography differs depending on the retinal image field. Objective We aimed to compare deep learning algorithms’ performance in predicting gender based on different fields of fundus photographs (optic disc–centered, macula-centered, and peripheral fields). Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 172,170 fundus photographs of 9956 adults aged ≥40 years from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study. Optic disc–centered, macula-centered, and peripheral field fundus images were included in this study as input data for a deep learning model for gender prediction. Performance was estimated at the individual level and image level. Receiver operating characteristic curves for binary classification were calculated. Results The deep learning algorithms predicted gender with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.94 at the individual level and an AUC of 0.87 at the image level. Across the three image field types, the best performance was seen when using optic disc–centered field images (younger subgroups: AUC=0.91; older subgroups: AUC=0.86), and algorithms that used peripheral field images had the lowest performance (younger subgroups: AUC=0.85; older subgroups: AUC=0.76). Across the three ethnic subgroups, algorithm performance was lowest in the Indian subgroup (AUC=0.88) compared to that in the Malay (AUC=0.91) and Chinese (AUC=0.91) subgroups when the algorithms were tested on optic disc–centered images. Algorithms’ performance in gender prediction at the image level was better in younger subgroups (aged <65 years; AUC=0.89) than in older subgroups (aged ≥65 years; AUC=0.82). Conclusions We confirmed that gender among the Asian population can be predicted with fundus photographs by using deep learning, and our algorithms’ performance in terms of gender prediction differed according to the field of fundus photographs, age subgroups, and ethnic groups. Our work provides a further understanding of using deep learning models for the prediction of gender-related diseases. Further validation of our findings is still needed.
COVID-19, stress and mental health: What students expect from academic institutions during a pandemic

Abstract Objectives: To learn about the mental health of students, the tools they use to cope with stress, and their perceptions toward the assistance they receive from their academic institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: 593 students from two University of California campuses. Methods: The link to an anonymous survey was included in a mass email that was sent to students. Results: 87% of students expressed that their mental health has been negatively impacted by the pandemic, especially in students who already had diminished levels of self-reported mental health. Students articulated the need for increased financial, academic, and mental health support and that they want to have a voice in discussions that will lead to decisions that would impact them. Conclusion: Students reported that the pandemic has negatively impacted their mental health and that they wanted academic institutions to include them in the decision-making processes that would contribute to their health.
Effects of Beetroot Supplementation on Recovery After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review

Context: Beetroots have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may help attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress, enhancing recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Objective: To evaluate the effects of beetroot supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, and recovery after EIMD. Data Sources: SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched, and hand-searching was performed by looking to relevant studies that were cited in other studies. Study Selection: For a study to be included in this review, the following inclusion criteria had to be met: (1) research conducted with human participants, (2) original articles in peer-reviewed publications, (3) original studies that had investigated beetroot supplementation intervention on muscle damage and recovery, (4) research conducted with 1 control/placebo group, and (5) articles published from inception to October 2020. Study Design: Systematic review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Two of the 4 authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the articles with the PEDro scale. All discrepancies were resolved through a consensus meeting. Results: A total of 9 studies were included in this review. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from moderate to high. Most of the studies found a better recovery of functional variables and muscle soreness, but improvements in markers of muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress were not reported. Conclusion: The existing evidence suggests that a short-term beetroot supplementation has the potential to accelerate recovery of functional measures and muscle soreness, but further research is needed to clarify if a longer supplementation period (with some days before exercise and some days after) could also promote recovery of markers of muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Microwave ablation of colorectal liver metastases: Impact of a 10-mm safety margin on local recurrence in a tertiary care hospital

Microwave ablation (MWA) for colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) has been traditionally considered inferior to surgery due to the higher rate of local recurrence. The study investigated whether a safety margin of 10 mm can improve local control in patients undergoing surgical MWA. Surgical MWA was used to treat 53 lesions in 22 patients with CLM at our Institution from June 2012 to June 2017. The patients’ mean age was 64.5 years, and the median size of the lesion was 16.5 mm (9–34 mm). MWA was associated with liver resection in 16 patients (72.7%). The median follow-up was 32.4 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with tumor recurrence. Median ablation area was 36.6 mm2 (30–50 mm2). The complication rate was 22.7%. No local recurrence was observed during follow-up. Disease-free survival was 20 months (4.8–55.2 months). Univariate analysis revealed that the number of liver metastases and node-positive primary tumors were associated with tumor recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed that node-positive primary tumor was the only factor significantly associated with tumor recurrence (p = 0.049; odds ratio, 12; 95% confidence interval, 1–143). When performed with a 10-mm safety margin, surgical MWA can lead to acceptable oncological outcomes with low morbidity. Therefore, it represents a good option in selected patients with CLM.
A Guide to Bilateral Cleft Lip Markings: An Anthropometric Study of the Normal Cupid's Bow

Objective The aim of this study was to define the ratio of the heights of the vermilion between the peaks and trough of the Cupid’s bow and hence assist in defining the point of closure on the lateral lip element to achieve a balanced Cupid's bow in bilateral lip repair based on our findings. Design This study is a retrospective observational study of the anthropometrics of the upper lip's Cupid’s bow. Three-dimensional (3D) images of toddlers between 2009 and 2016 were extracted from a normative 3D image database of toddlers at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Patients Participants from the normative 3D image database at the age of 1 year were studied. This excluded any patients with prior trauma or surgical intervention of the nasolabial region. Intervention Landmarks measured were right and left crista philtri (cphR and cphL), labial superius (ls), stomion (sto), right and left chelion, and labial fissure (lf). Outcome Vermilion height of the right peak, trough, and left peak of the Cupid’s bow was calculated by analyzing the vertical linear distance between cphR–lf, ls–sto, and cphL–lf. The ratio between the median and paramedian heights were recorded. Results The paramedian height of the upper lip vermilion is consistently greater than the midline height. There was no significant sexual dysmorphism between ratio of paramedian to midline height on the right (P = .538) and left (P = .410). Conclusion We describe an anthropometric observation of the vermilion relationship at the Cupid’s bow and define a specific lateral lip marking for bilateral cleft lip repair based on our anthropometric findings.
Toxin Induction or Inhibition of Transcription or Translation Posttreatment Increases Persistence to Fluoroquinolones

Overabundances of toxins have been shown to increase the antibiotic tolerances of bacteria. Largely, these effects have been attributed to the abilities of toxins to inhibit bacterial growth before and during antibiotic exposure. ABSTRACT Toxin-antitoxin modules are widespread in prokaryotes, and the capacity of toxin accumulation to increase the tolerances of bacteria to antibiotics has been well documented. The conventional model for this functionality implies that an overabundance of toxin arrests bacterial growth, which inhibits processes targeted by antibiotics and thereby limits their corruption and the lethal damage that would ensue. Implicit in this model is that toxins exert their influence on antibiotic lethality before and/or during treatment, even though they are also present and functional after treatment concludes. Given recent evidence establishing that the period following antibiotic treatment (recovery) is important for the survival of nongrowing bacterial populations treated with fluoroquinolones (FQs), we assayed to what extent toxins influence bacterial survival during the recovery period. With both LdrD and MazF, toxins of type I and II systems, respectively, controlling accumulation to occur only after FQ treatment of nongrowing cultures resulted in significant increases in persisters. Further genetic investigation revealed important roles for homologous recombination and nucleotide excision repair machinery. Focusing on the wild type, we did not observe any SOS-induced toxin functioning in this manner; however, an analogous phenomenon was observed for wild-type Escherichia coli as well as uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) when transcription or translation was inhibited during the post-FQ recovery period. Collectively, these data reveal the capacity of toxins to thwart FQ killing even after the treatment has concluded and show that FQ treatment of nongrowing bacteria can be rendered largely ineffective if bacteria cannot readily resume translation and growth at the conclusion of treatment. IMPORTANCE Overabundances of toxins have been shown to increase the antibiotic tolerances of bacteria. Largely, these effects have been attributed to the abilities of toxins to inhibit bacterial growth before and during antibiotic exposure. In this study, we assessed to what extent toxins can influence bacterial survival following antibiotic treatment, rather than before or during. Using two mechanistically distinct toxins, we show that their accumulations after antibiotic exposure have the capacity to increase the abundances of fluoroquinolone persisters from nongrowing populations. Further, we show with wild-type and uropathogenic E. coli that chemical inhibition of growth, not just that induced by toxins, produces analogous results. These observations reveal another dimension of how toxins influence antibiotic tolerance and highlight the importance of postantibiotic physiology on bacterial survival.