Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Correct and Efficient Program Execution in Decentralized Networks: Programming Languages, Semantics, and Resource Management

Concurrent programs often ensure the consistency of their data structures through synchronization. Because control-centric synchronization primitives, such as locks, are disconnected from the consistency invariants of the data structures, a compiler cannot check and and enforce these invariants - making it hard to detect bugs caused by incorrect synchronization. Moreover, a consistency bug may be the result of some unlikely schedule and therefore not show up in program testing. In contrast, data-centric synchronization adds annotations to data structures, defining sets of fields that must be accessed atomically. A compiler can check such annotations for consistency, detect deadlock, and automatically add primitives to prevent data races. However, annotating existing code is time consuming and error prone because it requires understanding the concurrency semantics implemented in the code. We propose a novel algorithm, called BAIT, for deriving such annotations automatically from observed program executions using Bayesian probabilistic inference. The algorithm produces atomic set, unit of work, and alias annotations for atomic-set based synchronization. Using our implementation of the algorithm, we have derived annotations for large code bases, for example the Java collections framework, in a matter of seconds. A comparison of the inferred annotations against manually converted programs, and two case studies on large, widely-used programs, show that our implementation derives detailed annotations of high quality.
CalMaeth: an interactive learning system focussing on the diagnosis of mathematical misconceptions

This article describes the operation of CalMaeth, a Webbased tutorial system, which is being used in teaching mathematics. The unique feature of CalMaeth is that it can provide detailed computer-generated diagnostic feedback for answers consisting of mathematical expressions. We give some examples of the system’s diagnostics in Calculus, described how they were generated and assess the range of student misconceptions that it is able to detect. Finally, data is presented illustrating some of the effects the diagnostics had on learning outcomes. This article describes and discusses a Web-based tutorial system, called CalMaeth, that is being used in teaching mathematics at the University of Western Australia. CalMaeth has been used with intermediate calculus, statistics, and linear algebra, but in this article only calculus examples are discussed. The CalMaeth system performs a variety of functions. It poses students individual randomised questions, which may require mathematical expressions as answers. Questions are labelled either “practice” or “assessed”: the assessed questions are marked in detail, whereas for practice questions, the students receive detailed computer-generated diagnostics for their incorrect answers. CalMaeth also maintains records of students’ answers, marks, and activity.
Predictions vs preliminary sample estimates

In general, rational economic agents are not in the position to wait for the statistical agencies disseminate the final results of the relevant surveys before making a decision, and have to make use of some model based predictions, even when agents are not assumedly forward looking. Thus, from the viewpoint of agents, predictions and preliminary results from surveys often compete against each other. Agents are aware to incur in a loss basing their decisions on predictions instead of sound statistical data, but the loss could be smaller than the one related to waiting for the dissemination of final data. Comparing the loss attached to predictions, on the one hand, and to possible preliminary estimate from incomplete samples, on the other, provides a broad guidance in deciding if and when statistical agencies should release preliminary and final estimates of the key variables. The main result of the analysis is that, in general, preliminary sample estimates are useful for the users only if they come from unexpectedly large sub-samples, even when the predictability of relevant variables is scarce. Nevertheless, the cost of delaying decisions for many economic agents may support the dissemination of early estimates of the main economic aggregates even if their accuracy is not fully satisfactory from a strict statistical viewpoint.
F INITE STATE MODEL-BASED TESTING ON A SHOESTRING

Model-based testing is a software test technique that generates tests from an explicit model of software behavior. Modern programmable test tools allow us to use this technique to create useful, flexible and powerful tests at a very reasonable cost. What Is Model-Based Testing? Model-based testing is a technique that generates software tests from explicit descriptions of an application’s behavior. Creating and maintaining a model of an application makes it easier to generate and update tests for that application. Several good model-based test tools are currently available in the market, but the techniques of modelbased testing are not tied to any tool. This paper shows how anyone willing to do some test programming can implement model-based testing in low-cost test language tools. The test language used in this paper is Visual Test [1] from Rational Software. In this paper, I will discuss how to use a test programming language to 1. Create a finite state model of an application. 2. Generate sequences of test actions from the model. 3. Execute the test actions against the application. 4. Determine if the application worked right. 5. Find bugs.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Physical Literacy in Children

1.viii ABSTRACT 2.x I. REVIEW OF LITERATURE. 1 1.1 Public Health Perspective . 1 1.11 Obesity Epidemic . 1 1.12 Physical Inactivity . 2 1.2 Barriers for Physical Activity.3 1.21 Socioeconomic Status.3 1.22 Defining Socioeconomic Status.4 1.3 Physical Literacy.6 1.31 History of Physical Literacy.6 1.32 Physical Ability.7 1.33 Motivation . 8 1.34 Confidence.9 1.35 Assessments.10 1.4 Risk of Injury due to PA Participation.11 1.41 Musculoskeletal Injury.11 1.42 Screening Tools for Landing Strategies.12 1.5 Future Directions.13 1.6 References . 15 II. Chapter 2.18 2.
Analysis of the fundamental tropical seasons by combining satellite and raingauge data

The increasing accuracy of data from meteorological satellites coupled with the scarcity of tropical raingauge data and the need for information regarding the fundamental tropical seasons (dry and wet), has led to the development of procedures for climatic analysis that incorporate satellite products. A previously designed procedure based on satellite outgoing longwave radiation and raingauge data is modified to characterise each calendar month of a neo‐tropical region (Guri, 7.5°, 62.5°, 2.5° lat, 2.5° long, Jan 1974 –Dec 1996, Venezuela). The intensities (categories) of the two fundamental tropical seasons are explored by applying a further four‐category procedure. Observed runs of categories lasting four, five and six years, not expected in the 23‐year period (1974–1996), indicate that there is a degree of persistence. This persistence could provide industry with information that will allow improved annual planning. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society
A study of success factors of resource sharing in Iranian academic libraries

Purpose – This paper aims to present the results of a study on success factors of resource sharing (RS) and cooperation in Iranian Academic Libraries (IAL), from the point‐of‐view of librarians who have direct experience of such activities. It investigates and compares the librarians' experiences of, and opinions on, the importance of the success factors in the current and desirable situations in the IALs.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, 58 success factors of RS were identified from the previous studies. Using Likert scale technique, the importance of the factors in the current and desired situations of the RS programs were explored and ranked, based on the experiences and opinions of a sample of “key informants” who had direct experience of RS activities in the context of IALs. Then the consistency and/or inconsistency between the current and desired situations of the success factors were identified, using gap analysis method.Findings – The finding.
Cinematic techniques for speech processing: temporal decomposition and multivariate linear prediction

Two models, the temporal decomposition and the multivariate linear prediction, of the spectral evolution of speech signals capable of processing some aspects of the speech variability are presented. A series of acoustic-phonetic decoding experiments, characterized by the use of spectral targets of the temporal decomposition techniques and a speaker-dependent mode, gives good results compared to a reference system (i.e., 70% vs. 60% for the first choice). Using the original method developed by Laforia, a series of text-independent speaker recognition experiments, characterized by a long-term multivariate auto-regressive modelization, gives first-rate results (i.e., 98.4% recognition rate for 420 speakers) without using more than one sentence. Taking into account the interpretation of the models, these results show how interesting the cinematic models are for obtaining a reduced variability of the speech signal representation. <<ETX>>
Best choice of coordinate system for tracking coordinated turns

A standard approach to tracking is to use the extended Kalman filter (EKF) applied to a nonlinear state-space model. We compare two conceivable choices of state variables for modeling civil aircrafts. One where Cartesian velocities are used and one where absolute velocity and heading angle are used. In both choices, Cartesian coordinates are used for position and angular velocity for turning. It is shown that the latter state vector always performs better. This is proven by considering the linearization error made in the extended Kalman filter applied either to a time-continuous model or a discretized model. The result is supported by a Monte Carlo simulation study.
Dynamic time warping assessment and sensitive high resolution melting analysis for subtyping Salmonella isolates from the Northern Thailand

Background: Nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. transmitted through various routes are a major concern of food poisoning due to the consumption of contaminated food. Objective: To establish a molecular-based protocol for simple and rapid subtyping of Salmonella isolates from various sources. Materials and methods: Sensitive High-Resolution Melting-curve analysis (S-HRMa) and Dynamic Time Warping assessment (DTW) were applied for serotyping forty Salmonella spp. isolates from various origins and locations in seven provinces in the north of Thailand; the results were compared to those from conventional serotyping and ERIC- PCR. Results: HRM serotyping of forty Salmonella spp. initially produced fourteen melting-curves with two predominant clusters: C1 (n=18) and C2 (n=9). Applying S-HRMa and serogroups generated twenty-five sensitive clusters. Conventional serotyping revealed that cluster C1 and C2 comprised of six different Salmonella serotypes with S. Weltevradent (n=14) as the predominant one. The S-HRMa also suggested the possible subtyping in some serotypes. In addition, DTW was performed to cluster those forty Salmonella spp. into twenty-eight clusters, assigned into different four clades corresponding to S-HRMa. The two clustering methods indicated that the S. Weltevreden was the predominant subtype (DTW4-S1, n=6). Three ERIC clusters at 92% similarity index also corresponded to the results of those two clustering methods. With important and related epidemiological data, S. Derby and S. Monophasic were suggested to be related to the slaughterhouse and swine. In this study, the ERIC cluster 10 comprising two Salmonella isolates of S. Weltevraden suggested the transmission route was likely to be farm-to-farm in the same province. Conclusions: The DTW assessment and S-HRMa effectively increased the discrimatory power of clustering to the same level as that of ERIC - PCR and were a simple and rapid protocol to perform Salmonella subtyping for the epidemiological research.
The Good, the Bad and the Hacked: Creative Coding on Objects

In a near future scenario, we will replace some of our everyday objects with counterparts in form of Computational Objects (COs). COs look similar to the original object; however, inside them there are input sensors, output devices such as displays and a CPU. Furthermore, COs still convey the context and meaning that the original object had. For instance, a clock is associated with time and thus users could expect its CO version to display time-related data. We suggest that any user should be able to easily code new appearances and behaviors for his or her own objects. Using creative coding as a base, we propose to add the notions of affordances and conventions to this programming context. Moreover, we suggest that COs could be used as a creativity support tool although modifying their behavior beyond conventions could confuse the user. Finally, we reckon that with the proper tools, users could also make physical modifications to COs. For example, a retractile cord can be attached to the clock and be used to pull data out and display them in a linear layout.
A SAMPLING OF ANALYSES AND SOFTWARE USE FOR CLUSTER RANDOMIZED TRIALS OVER THE LAST DECADE

In experimental research it is not always possible or desirable to randomize at the individual level; instead clusters of individuals are assigned to conditions. The clusters may be existing groups, like classes, families or communities; or may be established for the purpose of the trial, like therapy groups, where subjects within clusters are likely to respond more alike than subjects between clusters. Due to this dependency it is necessary to use hierarchical linear models, which are also referred to as multilevel models, when analyzing data of cluster randomized trials. A literature review over the last decade will summarize with which model data of cluster randomized trials have been analyzed and which software package has been used.
An Exploratory Technique for Investigating Large Quantities of Categorical Data

SUMMARY The technique set out in the paper, CHAID, is an offshoot of AID (Automatic Interaction Detection) designed for a categorized dependent variable. Some important modifications which are relevant to standard AID include: built-in significance testing with the consequence of using the most significant predictor (rather than the most explanatory), multi-way splits (in contrast to binary) and a new type of predictor which is especially useful in handling missing information.
Methods and systems for alarm correlation

Alarm correlation can play an important role in improving the service and reliability in modern telecommunications networks. As networks grow in size and complexity, network management systems and their operators are finding it increasingly difficult to cope with the volume of alarm messages produced-even from a single network fault. This can make the task of monitoring the network and diagnosing faults difficult. The process of alarm correlation is defined and its role in the field of telecommunications network management is described. Additionally, the requirements of an alarm correlation system are discussed and several proposed correlation frameworks compared.
A Simulation Approach to Predict Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Shale and Sandstone Samples Using Artificial Neural Network

Proper determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of rocks is a crucial subject in design of geotechnical structures. Although direct determination of UCS through laboratory test appears to be relatively simple, obtaining proper core segments specifically for weathered rocks is difficult and expensive. It is well established that UCS can be estimated indirectly using rock index properties. In comparison to the direct test, indirect prediction of UCS is relatively easier and cheaper. This study involves extensive laboratory tests on 32 datasets of shale and sandstone in various weathering grades obtained from excavation site in Johor, Malaysia. The laboratory tests include UCS test, Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS) test, Point Load Index Test (Is(50)), P-wave velocity (Vp) test Schmidt Hammer Rebound Number (Rn) and Dry Density (DD) measurement. The application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in UCS prediction is highlighted in this study. For this reason, BTS, Is(50), Vp, Rn and DD were considered as input parameters while the UCS was set to be the output. The ANN results shows the superiority of ANN in UCS prediction. Keywords: Unconfined Compressive Strength UCS, Laboratory Tests, Artificial Neural Networ
Geometrically Necessary Dislocations on Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline TRIP Steel

In this study, the main deformation behavior in terms of geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) was investigated on a transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) stainless steel by using sharp indentation at nanometric length scale. Results evidence that austenitic grains display an isotropic behavior on terms of GND, the main deformation mechanism being the Frank–Read source activated at local level.
Duct Aeroacoustics from Technological Applications to the Flute

The acoustical response of 90 degree sharp bends to acoustical perturbations in the absence of a main flow is considered. The aeroacoustical response of these bends is presented in chapter 3. The bends considered have a sharp 90 degree inner edge and have either a sharp or a rounded outer corner. They are placed in pipes with either a square cross-section (2D-bends) or a circular cross-section (3D-bends). The acoustical performance of a numerical method based on the Euler equations for twodimensional inviscid and compressible flows is checked and its ability to predict the response of 3D-bends is investigated. The comparison between 2-D and 3-D data is made for equal dimensionless frequencies f/fc where f is the frequency of the acoustical perturbations and fc is the cut-off frequency of the bends. In the case of a bend with a sharp inner edge and a sharp outer corner, the 2-D numerical predictions agree with 2-D analytical data obtained from a mode expansion technique and with 2-D experimental data from literature and our own 3-D experimental results. In the case of a bend with a sharp inner edge and a rounded outer corner, the 2-D numerical simulations predict accurately the 2-D experimental data from literature. However, the 2-D numerical predictions do not agree with our 3-D experimental data. The acoustical response of 3D-bends appears to be independent of the shape of the outer corner. This behavior is quite unexpected. 2.
Compress-spread-forward with multiterminal source coding and complete complementary sequences

We propose a new technique, compress-spread forward (CSF), for high-performance wireless streaming from two base stations in parallel. CSF uses multiterminal source coding for efficient source compression and complete complementary sequences for error-free multiple access and synchronization. Our practical design shows significant performance gains due to spatial diversity and distributed source coding.
Planning Syllabus through Professional Partnership

In most institutions of higher education, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has evolved into a professional field that has multiple perspectives (Johns, 2002), multi-disciplinary approaches (Dudley-Evans & St John, 1998), and sound research-based pedagogy (Belcher & Braine, 1995). pecifically, ESP practitioners take into account the needs of clients to develop academic courses through professional partnerships with the various stakeholders (Dudley-Evans & St John, 1998). The authors would like to share one such experience at Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) in designing, delivering and evaluating a writing course using the portfolio approach, which was specially tailored to the needs of its science students in the School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. The presentation will cover the course of events chronologically from the preliminary discussions between the subject specialists and language experts to negotiate course objectives, the development of the syllabus based on these mutually-agreed goals, the delivery and fine-tuning of the course to the final stage of evaluating the curriculum taking into consideration feedback from tutors and students. The focus will be on the key developments and resulting decisions on matters such as content, approach, structure and assessment of the writing course that lead to a win-win outcome through a collegial partnership between the subject specialists and language experts.
A New Approach to Securing Images

2 Abstract: Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one apart from sender and intended recipient even realizes that the communication is going on in the first place. It can also be used to authenticate the images. Steganography techniques are categorised into spatial domain and frequency domain techniques. For hiding secret information in images, there exists variety of techniques like LSB, PVD, HoEMD. This paper presents a modulus and cryptography based technique to authenticate the images and can be used to prevent image forgery. The analysis on all the previously implemented techniques and proposed method is done and it has been proved that proposed method has a better PSNR value, hence leading to better image quality.
Physically-based simulation of the early and long-term failures in the copper dual damascene interconnect

We have developed a novel physical model and a simulation algorithm capable of predicting electromigration (EM) induced void nucleation and growth in an arbitrary interconnect segment. Incorporation of all important atom migration causes into the mass balance equation and its solution together with solution of the corresponding electromagnetic, heat transfer and electromagnetic, heat transfer and elasticity problems, in a coupled manner, has allowed to discriminate an early failure from a long term one taking place in a via containing copper dual damascene (DD) structure.
What makes EFL speakers’ utterances more intelligible in the context of global intelligibility?

In this globalisation era, native-like pronunciation has no longer become the goal of pronunciation teaching in EFL classrooms. Instead, intelligibility, more specifically, global intelligibility, has become a legitimate goal of pronunciation teaching (Moedjito, 2009). However, researchers and practitioners have not reached to the final conclusion of what makes EFL speakers’ utterances more intelligible. This paper is to report a study investigating factors which made EFL speakers’ utterances more intelligible in the context of global intelligibility. In order to achieve the goal, the present researchers used three instruments to collect data: a questionnaire, an in-depth interview, and an assessment of EFL speakers’ utterances from the in-depth interview. The quantitative data from the questionnaire and assessment of EFL speakers’ utterances were submitted to a Pearson’s Product Moment test to assess the correlation coefficient of each independent variable to intelligibility and to a multiple regression test to examine the predictive power of the independent variables to intelligibility as the dependent variable. Meanwhile, the data of the in-depth interview were qualitatively scrutinised. The results of the data analysis revealed that word pronunciation accuracy might become the most influencing factor which made EFL speakers’ utterances more intelligible. In addition to the accurate pronunciation, meaningful vocabulary might crucially account for intelligibility of EFL speakers’ utterances. These findings were positively confirmed by the results of the in-depth interview analysis. The major pedagogical implication of the study is that in English pronunciation classes, there should be more focus on word pronunciation accuracy in EFL classrooms.