Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Indoxyl Sulphate and p-Cresyl Sulphate in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review of Therapeutic Options

Indoxyl sulphate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate (PCS) are products of proteolytic bacterial fer- mentation by gut microbiota. They accumulate in the sera of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and have been associated with CKD progression and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Therapeutic strategies for lowering IS and PCS include increased clearance (enhanced dialysis), gastrointestinal sequestration (oral adsorbents), reduced synthe- sis (dietary protein restriction, dietary fibre augmentation and pre-, pro- or synbiotics), antioxidants and organic anion transporter modulators. This review will discuss the roles of IS and PCS as therapeutic targets and examine the clinical evidence for different treat ment options and their effects on CKD and cardiovascular disease risk. We will include our group’s research with pre-, pro- and synbiotic interventions to mitigate serum uraemic toxin accumulation and modify cardiovascular and renal risk.
Construction of Gene-Specific Primers for Various Antioxidant Isoenzyme Genes and Their Expressions in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings Obtained from Gamma-irradiated Seeds

For the expression study of antioxidant isoenzyme genes in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants, extensive searches for genes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) isoforms were performed through the GenBank database. The genes for two cytosolic and one plastidic CuZn-SOD, one Fe-SOD, two Mn-SOD, two cytosolic and two chloroplastic (stromal and thylakoid) APX, and three CAT isoforms were available in japonica-type rice. These isoforms were named as cCuZn-SOD1, cCuZn-SOD2, pCuZn-SOD, Fe- SOD, Mn-SOD1, Mn-SOD2, cAPXa, cAPXb, Chl_sAPX, Chl_tAPX, CATa, CATb, and CATc, respectively. Since they shared a high degree of homology in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences, the gene-specific primers for the genes were designed directly from their full-length cDNAs found in the database except for the CATa gene. These primers were used in the RT-PCR analysis to investigate the differential expression of antioxidant isoenzyme genes in rice plants from the seeds irradiated with low doses (2, 4, 8, and 16 Gy) of gamma-radiation. The gamma- irradiation slightly increased the transcripts of pCuZn-SOD, while those of Fe-SOD, cAPXb, and CATb decreased. However, no substantial differences were observed in the expression of all the isoenzyme genes between the control and irradiated groups. In this study, gene specific primers for thirteen SOD, APX and CAT isoenzymes were constructed from the full-length cDNAs. The results of RT-PCR analysis obtained by using these primers suggests that the expression levels of SOD, APX, and CAT isoenzyme genes in rice seedlings were hardly affected by gamma-irradiation at the seed stage.
The Financial Spillovers of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Accident

The paper examines the effects of the April 20, 2010, Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico on the stock value of the firms involved in the Oil and Gas industry. Market evidence reported herein reveals that as the oil pollution expanded in the Gulf of Mexico over the five months it took to seal the leak, there were significant cumulative abnormal returns both for the BP stock price as well as the rest of the Oil and Gas sector. Furthermore, the reported findings also reveal noteworthy differences in how the NYSE and the LSE listed companies and stocks were affected by the event. Differences that can tentatively be attributed to the direct environmental impact the accident had on IS shares. Hence, the greater and more persistent media attention on the catastrophic environmental effects, has probable affected not only public opinion but also investors’ sentiment.
The Determinants Stock Price Crash Risk of the Manufacturing Firms in Indonesia

This study aimed to examine the effect of the business strategy of prospector and defender companies on stock price crash risk, test the influenced of equity market competition on stock price crash risk, and test the effect of prospector strategy on stock price crash risk through overvalued equities. The population of this study was manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for seven years of observation. The data analysis used in this research was Path Analysis by using Multiple Linear Regression. The results of this study that the business strategy prospector positively affects the stock price crash risk, while the defender strategy did not affect the stock price crash risk. Companies that implemented business prospector strategies will be faced with higher uncertainty than defender business strategies. In addition, prospector's business strategy can affect the stock price crash risk through overvalued equities. Companies that implemented business prospector strategies will tend to overvalued equities, which can lead to future stock price crashes. One way reduced to the stock price crash risk is in the presence of equity market competition. The equity market competition had a negative effect on the stock price crash risk so that a high equity market competition can reduced information asymmetry and minimize the stock price crash risk. DOI : https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v21i4. 1353
Monetary Policy and Stock Market Boom-Bust Cycles

We explore the dynamic effects of news about a future technology improvement which turns out ex post to be overoptimistic. We find that it is difficult to generate a boom-bust cycle (a period in which stock prices, consumption, investment and employment all rise and then crash) in response to such a news shock, in a standard real business cycle model. However, a monetized version of the model which stresses sticky wages and a Taylorrule based monetary policy naturally generates a welfare-reducing boom-bust cycle in response to a news shock. We explore the possibility that integrating credit growth into monetary policy may result in improved performance. We discuss the robustness of our analysis to alternative specifications of the labor market, in which wage-setting frictions do not distort on going firm/worker relations. JEL Classification: C11, C51, E5, E13, E32
The Arnavon Islands Marine Conservation Area: Lessons in monitoring and management

The Arnavon Islands Marine Conservation Area (AMCA) was declared in August 1995 as a refuge for marine invertebrates. Protection from harvesting was done with agreement from, and active participation by, local communities. Protection was also facilitated by appointment of a local management committee and conservation officers. Using a sampling design based on the assessment of environmental impacts, variation in abundance of species at the AMCA and at three fished “reference” areas was established before declaration, and monitored over the next four years. The monitoring program designed to test the effectiveness of the AMCA was based on assumptions related to the effectiveness of compliance within the AMCA, patterns of exploitation outside the AMCA, the period of time required for any recovery in stocks and the suitability of habitat within the AMCA to support any such recovery. Marine invertebrates responded in different ways to the harvesting closure. Some species showed no change after 3 years, but several others showed responses that were consistent with an effect due to the AMCA. One species, Tridacna maxima, increased in abundance across the region which, without the data from reference areas, would be incorrectly interpreted as an effect due to the AMCA. The study provides valuable lessons for the management of marine reserves: It highlights the need for close collaboration with participating communities, for understanding changes in fishing practices and effort within the region and for the design of rigorous monitoring programs to test the effectiveness of marine reserves.
Public funding of parties and political polarization

This work analyzes the impact of asymmetric financial constraints on the platforms of parties, using a formal model of elections. The main results show that when a party faces a tight financial constraint, the platform chosen in equilibrium is further away from its ideal point compared with the case when campaign expenses are unlimited. Moreover, we show that in the presence of asymmetric budget constraints, a financially advantaged party converges to the median voter and a disadvantaged one diverges away. The strength of the latter effect depends on the salience of the policy issue in question. The results are tested by using a dataset of party positions and salience and confirm the theoretical predictions.
A Survey of Anomaly Detection Approaches in Internet of Things

Internet of Things is an ever-growing network of heterogeneous and constraint nodes which are connected to each other and the Internet. Security plays an important role in such networks. Experience has proved that encryption and authentication are not enough for the security of networks and an Intrusion Detection System is required to detect and to prevent attacks from malicious nodes. In this regard, Anomaly based Intrusion Detection Systems identify anomalous behavior of the network and consequently detect possible intrusion, unknown and stealth attacks. To this end, this paper analyses, evaluates and classifies anomaly detection approaches and systems specific to the Internet of Things. For this purpose, anomaly detection systems and approaches are analyzed in terms of engine architecture, application position, and detection method and in each point of view, approaches are investigated considering the associated classification.
PROSPECTIVE USE OF BLOOM FILTER AND MUXING FOR INFORMATION CENTRIC NETWORK CACHING

Information dissemination as the main objective of setting up the Internet has seen different folds to improve its course. Information centric networking (ICN) has been introduced with the aim of curtailing some future challenges posed at the traditional Internet in the nearest future. ICN advantage of caching chunks of information on-path and off-path of the network stands the paradigm out as an alternative shift from host centric network to name centric. ICN caching approach can thereby significantly reduce amount of times a host is visited. Bloom Filter with its advantage of fast searching and false positivity characteristics are seen as form of message retrieval practice to improve interest serving on the network. This paper analyzed the advantages of vending and adopting Bloom Filters and Muxing as research directions to minimize excessive bandwidth consumption, lesser delays, prompt delivery of information, higher throughput and the ability to share information from troubled stations. Concepts are proposed and wider algorithms are pointed out to increase the overall ICN framework as related to caching and other network services.
Measuring coil sensitivities of transmit and receive arrays with demonstration of RF shimming.

M. F. Callaghan, J. L. Ulloa, D. J. Larkman, P. Irarrazaval, J. V. Hajnal Imaging Sciences Department, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Electrical Engineering, Pontif Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile Introduction: The development of transmit-SENSE based on arrays of transmit and receive coils (combined or separate) has introduced a new calibration problem since spatially dependent sensitivities for both transmit and receive fields are needed. Here we propose and test a means of obtaining the required information and demonstrate its use for RF shimming.
Cultural variations on parenting : a cross cultural analysis between Indian and Finnish families

This study examines the cross-cultural impact on parenting orientations of Indian families raising their children in Finland. In order to study the impact of Finnish culture on Indian parenting, parenting orientations of Finnish and Indian families living in Finland were studied. The parenting practices and associated cultural values and beliefs were studied inter-generationally and cross-culturally. Hall’s (1989) Cultural Iceberg Model is used to look at the visible and invisible aspects of a culture and its relation with parenting practices. Parenting philosophies with respect to the support and encouragement in learning process, parental control, academic aspirations, gender perspective and cultural beliefs were the specified areas that were explored. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 4 Finnish and 5 Indian parents, who have at least one child of age 7 and onward. Phenomenology was used as a qualitative research method. The research findings show that Indian parents, who were raised in a traditional-patriarch social hierarchy in India, are raising their children in Finland by providing them partial autonomy, encouragement and support, taking active interest in their lives, promoting them to be independent and preparing them for the future. Indian parents have accepted the cultural differences of Finnish culture in their lives but the root values of Indian-ness are not comprised upon. This can be observed when their parenting practices include moral values, extra protectiveness and restricting their children on the interrelationships with the opposite sex. The acceptance of cultural differences by Indian parents are reflected in their changed methods of discipline, less hierarchical and open communication, introducing a range of hobbies to their children and making an active effort to connect to their children. No gender biases have been noticed in the parenting practices of Indian and Finnish parents. The amount of academic pressure by parents is less as compared to India but the expectations from children to succeed and opt for a noble profession is eminent. The term ‘third culture kids’ have been used for the children of the Indian parents, who are being raised in Finnish society. The study showed cross-cultural effect on these third culture kids, who have different worldviews, than their parents and identify themselves as a global citizen rather than embracing either Indian or Finnish identity. Parenting orientations of Finnish families depicted two-way communication, supporting children to pursue individual interests and enough liberty on children’s pathways. Their parenting and social values of individual identity has a strong impact on Indian children as well who are raised here. The strong foundation of Finnish society is based on some of the moral values like ‘Sisu’ meaning Perseverance and Dedication, Trust, Honesty and Punctuality. The author trusts that this study and the research findings would be beneficial for further research in the related areas.
Environmental influences on carbon dioxide fluxes over three grassland ecosystems in China

Abstract. This study compared carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes over three grassland ecosystems in China, including a temperate semiarid steppe in Inner Mongolia (NMG), an alpine shrub-meadow in Qinghai (HB), and an alpine meadow-steppe in Tibet (DX). Measurements were made in 2004 and 2005 using the eddy covariance technique. Objectives were to document the seasonality of the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) and its components, gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco), and to examine how environmental factors affect the CO2 exchange in these grassland ecosystems. The 2005 growing season (from May to September) was warmer than that of 2004 across the three sites, and precipitation in 2005 was less than that in 2004 at NMG and DX. The magnitude of CO2 fluxes (daily and annual sums) was largest at HB, which also showed the highest temperature sensitivity of Reco among the three sites. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the seasonal variation of GEP, Reco, and NEE of the alpine shrub-meadow was mainly controlled by air temperature, whereas leaf area index can likely explain the seasonal variation in GEP, Reco, and NEE of the temperate steppe. The CO2 fluxes of the alpine meadow-steppe were jointly affected by soil moisture and air temperature. The alpine shrub-meadow acted as a net carbon sink over the two study years, whereas the temperate steppe and alpine meadow-steppe acted as net carbon sources. Both GEP and Reco were reduced by the summer and spring drought in 2005 at NMG and DX, respectively. The accumulated leaf area index during the growing season (LAIsum) played a key role in the interannual and intersite variation of annual GEP and Reco across the study sites and years, whereas soil moisture contributed most significantly to the variation in annual NEE. Because LAIsum was significantly correlated with soil moisture at a depth of 20 cm, we concluded that the available soil moisture other than annual precipitation was the most important factor controlling the variation in the CO2 budgets of different grassland ecosystems in China.
Improving Efficiency for Community Outing Planning at Seven Hills Foundation

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iv 1. Community Outings for Individuals with Disabilities iv 2. Determining Important Criteria for Community Outings v 3. Identify, Evaluate and Document Venues vi 4. Determine Most Feasible Resource vii 5. Create and Populate Website and Obtain Feedback vii 6. Conclusion ix TABLE OF CONTENTS x LIST OF TABLES xii LIST OF FIGURES xii AUTHORSHIP xii
A Wavelet-Based Robust Relevance Vector Machine Based on Sensor Data Scheduling Control for Modeling Mine Gas Gushing Forecasting on Virtual Environment

It is wellknown that mine gas gushing forecasting is very significant to ensure the safety of mining. A wavelet-based robust relevance vector machine based on sensor data scheduling control for modeling mine gas gushing forecasting is presented in the paper. Morlet wavelet function can be used as the kernel function of robust relevance vector machine. Mean percentage error has been used to measure the performance of the proposed method in this study. As the mean prediction error of mine gas gushing of the WRRVM model is less than 1.5%, and the mean prediction error of mine gas gushing of the RVM model is more than 2.5%, it can be seen that the prediction accuracy for mine gas gushing of the WRRVM model is better than that of the RVM model.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Sensitivity of Aerosol Distribution and Climate Response to Stratospheric SO 2 Injection Locations

Injection of SO 2 into the stratosphere has been proposed as a method to, in part, counteract anthropogenic climate change. So far, most studies investigated injections at the equator or in a region in the tropics. Here we use Community Earth System Model version 1 Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (CESM1(WACCM)) to explore the impact of continuous single grid point SO 2 injections at seven diﬀerent latitudes and two altitudes in the stratosphere on aerosol distribution and climate. For each of the 14 locations, 3 diﬀerent constant SO 2 emission rates were tested to identify linearity in aerosol burden, aerosol optical depth, and climate eﬀects. We found that injections at 15 ∘ N and 15 ∘ S and at 25 km altitude have equal or greater eﬀect on radiation and surface temperature than injections at the equator. Nonequatorial injections transport SO 2 and sulfate aerosols more eﬃciently into middle and high latitudes and result in particles of smaller eﬀective radius and larger aerosol burden in middle and high latitudes. Injections at 15 ∘ S produce the largest increase in global average aerosol optical depth and increase the change in radiative forcing per Tg SO 2 /yr by about 15% compared to equatorial injections. High-altitude injections at 15 ∘ N produce the largest reduction in global average temperature of 0.2 ∘ per Tg S/yr for the last 7 years of a 10 year experiment. Injections at
An Economic Analysis of Fertility

THE inability of demographers to predict western birth rates accurately in the postwar period has had a salutary influence on demographic research. Most predictions had been based either on simple extrapolations of past trends or on extrapolations that adjusted for changes in the agesex-marital composition of the population. Socio-economic considerations are entirely absent from the former and are primitive and largely implicit in the latter. As long as even crude extrapolations continued to give fairly reliable predictions, as they did during the previous half century, there was little call for complicated analyses of the interrelation between socio-economic variables and fertility. However, the sharp decline in birth rates during the thirties coupled with the sharp rise in rates during the postwar period swept away confidence in the view that future rates could be predicted from a secularly declining function of population compositions. Maithus could with some justification assume that fertility was determined primarily by two primitive variables, age at marriage and the frequency of coition during marriage. The development and spread of knowledge about contraceptives during the last century greatly widened the scope of family size decision-making, and contemporary researchers have been forced to pay greater attention to decision-making than either Maithus or the forecasters did. Psychologists have tried to place these decisions within a framework suggested by psychological theory; sociologists have tried one suggested by sociological theory, but most persons would admit that neither framework has been particularly successful in organizing the information on fertility. Two considerations encouraged me to analyze family size decisions within an economic framework. The first is that Maithus' famous discussion was built upon a strongly economic framework; mine can be viewed as a generalization and development of his. Second, although no
Sengers syndrome in Asian Indians – two novel mutations and variant phenotype-genotype correlation

Sengers syndrome is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease comprising a tetrad of congenital cataract, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy and lactic acidosis. Mutations in the AGK gene cause Senger syndrome. We describe two unrelated Asian Indian families with two novel mutations, c.909 G>A (p.Trp303Ter) and c.982G>T (p.E328Ter), in the AGK gene. Similar nonsense mutations have previously been reported with a severe phenotype and early infantile death, while this patient is doing well at 3 years, suggesting a mild phenotype. The second child tested positive for two previously reported mutations, c.841C>T (p.Arg281Ter) and c.424-3C>G. The presence of a splice site mutation typically predicts a milder phenotype with one exception reported to date. The second patient we report died at 9 months of age adding to the one previously reported exception. Both these cases add onto the scant literature of genotype phenotype correlation in Sengers syndrome. We emphasize the importance of diagnosis of this clinically recognizable syndrome to counsel families of recurrence risks and option of prenatal diagnosis.
Contactless determination of current–voltage characteristics and minority‐carrier lifetimes in semiconductors from quasi‐steady‐state photoconductance data

A simple method for implementing the steady‐state photoconductance technique for determining the minority‐carrier lifetime of semiconductor materials is presented. Using a contactless instrument, the photoconductance is measured in a quasi‐steady‐state mode during a long, slow varying light pulse. This permits the use of simple electronics and light sources. Despite its simplicity, the technique is capable of determining very low minority carrier lifetimes and is applicable to a wide range of semiconductor materials. In addition, by analyzing this quasi‐steady‐state photoconductance as a function of incident light intensity, implicit current–voltage characteristic curves can be obtained for noncontacted silicon wafers and solar cell precursors in an expedient manner.