Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model ... Training data Test data at day 1 Test data at day 100 Model Model Model Model ... Cloud ... Hospital 1 Hospital 2 Hospital n

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have created a general perception that AI could be used to solve complex problems, and in some situations over-hyped as a tool that can be so easily used. Unfortunately, the barrier to realization of mass adoption of AI on various business domains is too high because most domain experts have no background in AI. Developing AI applications involves multiple phases, namely data preparation, application modeling, and product deployment. The effort of AI research has been spent mostly on new AI models (in the model training stage) to improve the performance of benchmark tasks such as image recognition. Many other factors such as usability, efficiency and security of AI have not been well addressed, and therefore form a barrier to democratizing AI. Further, for many real world applications such as healthcare and autonomous driving, learning via huge amounts of possibility exploration is not feasible since humans are involved. In many complex applications such as healthcare, subject matter experts (e.g. Clinicians) are the ones who appreciate the importance of features that affect health, and their knowledge together with existing knowledge bases are critical to the end results. In this paper, we take a new perspective on developing AI solutions, and present a solution for making AI usable. We hope that this resolution will enable all subject matter experts (eg. Clinicians) to exploit AI like data scientists.
Q-switched fiber laser based on saturable absorption of ferroferric-oxide nanoparticles

We demonstrate that ferroferric-oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles exhibit nonlinear saturable absorption property at 1.55 μm, and fabricate two filmy saturable absorbers by embedding the nanoparticles into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film or polyimide (PI) film separately. In the Fe3O4-PVA (Fe3O4-PI) Q-switched fiber laser, the pulse repetition rate increases from 8.5 kHz (5.5 kHz) to 28 kHz (49 kHz) and the pulse duration decreases from 23.5 μs (47 μs) to 6 μs (3.5 μs) by varying the pump power from 25 mW (23 mW) to 150 mW (650 mW). Experiment results indicate that PI-based saturable absorbers can afford larger powers than PVA-based saturable absorbers, which can be attributed to the higher fusion point of the PI film. The Fe3O4-PI saturable absorber exhibits features of high damage threshold, low cost, and good flexibility, which could be applied in fields of near-infrared pulse generation and frequency conversions.
On the Siegel–Weil formula over function fields

The aim of this article is to prove the Siegel-Weil formula over function fields for the dual reductive pair (Spn,O(V )), where Spn is the symplectic group of degree 2n and (V,QV ) is an anisotropic quadratic space with even dimension. This is a function field analogue of Kudla and Rallis’ result. By this formula, the theta series is identified with the special value of the Siegel-Eisenstein series on Spn at a critical point. Introduction In the number field case, the Siegel-Weil formula, discovered by Siegel [16] and considerably extended by Weil ([18] and [19]) in the representation theoretical language, connects special values of Eisenstein series with theta series from quadratic spaces. In [19], Weil assumed the critical point in question lies in the absolute convergence of the Eisenstein series. After Weil, Kudla and Rallis ([9], [10], and [15]) explored the analytic behavior of the meromorphic continuation of the Eisenstein series, and extended Weil’s result to the case beyond the convergence range for the dual reductive pair (Spn,O(V )). Here (V,QV ) is a non-degenerate quadratic space with even dimension, O(V ) is the associated orthogonal group, and Spn is the symplectic group of degree 2n. Many extensions and variations of this formula are studied in the number field case, and have applications to the special values of automorphic L-functions. However, there is a lack of knowledge about this formula in the function field context, except, Harris [4] dealt with (SL2,O(V )) (resp. (S̃L2,O(V )), where S̃L2 is the metaplectic cover of SL2) when the dimension of V is even (resp. odd) and larger than 4. Our purpose in this article is to show a function field analogue of the Siegel-Weil formula for the dual reductive pair (Spn,O(V )) where V is an anisotropic quadratic space with even dimension, in order to complete the author’s work ([2], [3], and [17]) on the central critical values of L-functions coming from ”Drinfeld type” autumorphic forms. Let k be a global function field with odd characteristic. Let (V,QV ) be an anisotropic quadratic space over k with even dimension. Take a Schwartz function φ ∈ S(V (Ak)), where Ak is the adele ring of k, the associated theta series on Spn(Ak)×O(V )(Ak) is defined by θ(g, h, φ) := ∑ x∈V (k) ( ω(g, h)φ ) (x), ∀(g, h) ∈ Spn(Ak)×O(V )(Ak). Here ω is the Weil representation of Spn(Ak)×O(V )(Ak) on the Schwartz space S(V (Ak)) (cf. Section 1.3). Since V is anisotropic, the following integral is well-defined:
An Assessment of Automated Vitamin D Measurement Methods Including a Point-of-Care Testing Method, I-CHROMA™ Using the Randox International Quality Assurance Scheme (Riqas)

25Hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH), more commonly referred to, as Vitamin D is made up of a group of anti-rachitic fat-soluble 9,10-secosteroids. It is synthesized in the skin when the body is exposed to UV sunlight, and vitamin D deficiencies have been linked to several pathologies including osteoporosis and rickets, cardiovascular disease, cancer, depression and recently, schizophrenia. There is an increasingly high prevalence of people suffering from Vitamin D deficiency worldwide [1-2]. There has therefore been an increased demand for reliable automated Vitamin D assays. Vitamin D is usually measured using immunoassays, HPLC and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LCMS/MS) [3-5]. Various manufacturers including Diasorin, Abbott, Siemens, IDS SYS and Roche have more recently come into play as automated assay providers for the analysis of Vitamin D. There have been many studies carried out that have compared these assays to the traditional assays, and it seems that they are still under scrutiny for their accuracy. It has been reported that some of the assays such as the Siemens Advia Centaur tend to over-estimate Vitamin D [57], whilst the Abbott Architect and the Roche Elecsys methods tend to under-estimate [5,7].
Anthropological Perspective of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the NPY and DRD2 Genes among the Socio-Economically Stratified Populations of Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract We report single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the two sites each of NPY and DRD2- Taq1loci among the 28 populations from southern parts of Andhra Pradesh, India. The average allele frequency at these sites in these populations categorized into upper, middle and lower ranking castes, Muslims and tribes were also carried out in order to test if there is any trend in the allele frequency of some of these SNPs that are implicated in alcoholism. This was felt important as some of these hierarchical low ranking groups and tribes traditionally are known for addictive behavior, especially to alcohol, as against the prohibitive norms among most of the higher ranking castes. The trend in average allele frequency although suggests some association with these traditional behavioral patterns, the case control studies are required before inferring the exact nature of this association. The bivariate plot between the NPY-C and Taq1A1 mean allele frequencies in the 28 populations and the lack of significant association between the genotypes of these two SNPs at the individual level rules out any possibility of co-adaptation between these two alleles, despite both being somewhat implicated in alcoholism.
Signal detection via Phi-divergences for general mixtures

In this paper we are interested in testing whether there are any signals hidden in high dimensional noise data. Therefore we study the family of goodness-of-fit tests based on $\Phi$-divergences including the test of Berk and Jones as well as Tukey's higher criticism test. The optimality of this family is already known for the heterogeneous normal mixture model. We now present a technique to transfer this optimality to more general models. For illustration we apply our results to dense signal and sparse signal models including the exponential-$\chi^2$ mixture model and general exponential families as the normal, exponential and Gumbel distribution. Beside the optimality of the whole family we discuss the power behavior on the detection boundary and show that the whole family has no power there, whereas the likelihood ratio test does.
Analysis on the Game-Playing Tendency of SNGs (Social Network Games) users by Gender

— As the Social network game(SNG) is rising dramatically worldwide, an interesting aspect has appeared in the demographic analysis. That is the ratio of the game users by gender. Although the ratio of male and female users in online game was 60:40% previously, the ratio of male and female users in SNG stood at 47:53% which shows that the ratio of female users is higher than that of male users. Here, it should be noted that 35% in those 53% female users are the first-time users of game. This fact suggests that women who were not interested in game previously has taken an interest in SNG. Notwithstanding this issue, there have been little studies on the female users of SNG although there are many studies that analyzed the tendency of female users’ online game play. This study conducted the analyzed how the game-playing tendency of SNG gamers was manifested in the game by gender. For that, this study will identify the tendency of SNG users by gender based on the preceding studies that analyzed the online game users by gender. The subject of this study was confined to the farm and urban construction simulation games which were offered based on the mobile application platform. Regarding the methodology of study, the first focus group interview(FGI) was conducted with the male and female users who had played games on Social network service(SNS) until recently. Later, the second one-on-one in-depth interview was conducted to gain an insight into the psychological state of the subjects.
What are the Causes of Forest Fires? The Views and Attitudes of Students in Public Senior Schools in the Prefecture of Drama, Greece

The present research investigates the views and the attitudes of students in public senior schools regarding the responsibility for human choices and actions that cause forest fires in the Prefecture of Drama. The recording of attitudes and views gave positive results. Reliability Analysis was used to study the properties of measurement scales and the items that compose the scales and provide information about the relationships between individual items in the scale. Factor Analysis was used to identity underlying variables or factors that explain the multidimensional variable "causes of forest fires in the Prefecture of Drama" and also to reduce the data identifying a small number of factors that explain most of the variance that is observed in a much larger number of manifest variables .
Symposium : Advances in Measuring Food Insecurity and Hunger in the U . S . Validation of Measures of Food Insecurity and Hunger 1

The most recent survey effort to determine the extent of food insecurity and hunger in the United States, the Food Security Supplement, included a series of questions to assess this complex phenomenon. The primary measure developed from this Food Security Supplement was based on measurement concepts, methods and items from two previously developed measures. This paper presents the evidence available that questionnairebased measures, in particular the national food security measure, provide valid measurement of food insecurity and hunger for population and individual uses. The paper discusses basic ideas about measurement and criteria for establishing validity of measures and then uses these criteria to structure an examination of the research results available to establish the validity of food security measures. The results show that the construction of the national food security measure is well grounded in our understanding of food insecurity and hunger, its performance is consistent with that understanding, it is precise within usual performance standards, dependable, accurate at both group and individual levels within reasonable performance standards, and its accuracy is attributable to the well-grounded understanding. These results provide strong evidence that the Food Security Supplement provides valid measurement of food insecurity and hunger for population and individual uses. Further validation research is required for subgroups of the population, not yet studied for validation purposes, to establish validity for monitoring population changes in prevalence and to develop and validate robust and contextually sensitive measures in a variety of countries that reflect how people experience and think about food insecurity and hunger. J. Nutr. 129:
A minimal model of self-sustaining turbulence

In this work, we examine the turbulence maintained in a Restricted Nonlinear (RNL) model of plane Couette flow. This model is a computationally efficient approximation of the second order statistical state dynamics obtained by partitioning the flow into a streamwise averaged mean flow and perturbations about that mean, a closure referred to herein as the RNL∞ model. The RNL model investigated here employs a single member of the infinite ensemble that comprises the covariance of the RNL∞ dynamics. The RNL system has previously been shown to support self-sustaining turbulence with a mean flow and structural features that are consistent with direct numerical simulations (DNS). Regardless of the number of streamwise Fourier components used in the simulation, the RNL system’s self-sustaining turbulent state is supported by a small number of streamwise varying modes. Remarkably, further truncation of the RNL system’s support to as few as one streamwise varying mode can suffice to sustain the turbulent state. Th.
Approach to Identifying Raindrop Vibration Signal Detected by Optical Fiber

Optical Fiber Vibration pre-Warning System (OFVWS) is widely applied to pipeline transportation, defense boundary and military base. One of its key technologies is signal feature extraction and vibration source identification. However, some harmless vibration signals often affect the reliability of this identification process due to the false alarms. Therefore, it is very important to identify various harmless vibration signals effectively. In this paper, we analyze the energy distribution feature of nature raindrop vibration signal detected by optical fiber. Based on this analysis, we develop an energy information entropy model and an approach to identify the harmless raindrop vibration signal. Study shows that the nature raindrop vibration signal can be detected and identified automatically by extracting the energy information entropy value and combining with the statistical detection method. The field tests result also showed that this approach based on energy information entropy model is able to effectively identify harmless raindrop vibration signal. Its identification probability is high and its false alarm and false recognition probability is low, hence the working performance of the OFVWS can be improved by using the presented approach. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.
On Sparse Representation and Visual Tracking

In recent years, sparse representation has been widely applied to areas such as machine learning, pattern recognition, computer vision and image processing. Sparse representation, in general, uses the fewest elements from a specified dictionary to acquire, represent and compress highdimensional signals. This paper first presents an overview of sparse representation and its usage in various fields and then reviews how such representation is utilized in the field
UPDATE ON THE EUROPEAN XFEL RF POWER INPUT COUPLER

The European XFEL project [1, 2] is currently being realized in Hamburg, Germany. The 1.5 km 17.5 GeV linear electron accelerator is based on the 1.3 GHz 9-cell TESLA type SRF cavity. The RF power input coupler design for the E-XFEL (fig.1) is based on the well-known TTF3 [3, 4] coupler design, used in the FLASH accelerator at DESY. The coupler design was adapted for industrial production with some parameters optimization revisited and simulations done. INTRODUCTION Industrialization process for European XFEL RF power input coupler was described in [5] and resulted in a wellestablished and robust design (fig.1). A need for additional adjustments and analysis did appear recently following the start of production of the industrialized coupler. One of the important topics is the copper coating of the coaxial part of the coupler. Thermal analysis yields the temperature distribution along the coupler and the cryogenic loads for the thermal zones (2, 4.2 and 70 K). Table 1 lists the well known specifications of the coupler. Figure 1: XFEL RF power input coupler. Table 1: RF Power Coupler Specifications. FLASH ILC XFEL frequency [GHz] 1.3 operation pulsed: ~500 μs rise time, ~800 μs flat top with beam 2.0 K heat load [W] 0.06 4.2 K heat load [W] 0.5 70 K heat load [W] 6 peak power [kW] 250 400 150 rep. rate [Hz] 10 5 / 10 10 average power [kW] 3.2 3.2 – 6.4 1.9 The XFEL coupler design is based on the TTF3 coupler and its thermal analysis done with mafia [6] / MathCAD [7] simulation codes using a simplified 2D model of the coaxial part (fig. 2). Details of the simulations and some thermal analysis data for the TTF3 coupler are presented in [8]. Simulations assume perfect connection to 4.2K and 70 K for the outer conductor. The inner conductor is connected to the 70 K through the ceramic window. Figure 2: XFEL/TTF3 coupler simulation layout. MATERIAL PROPERTIES Material properties data for the thermal conductivity are taken from NIST Cryogenics Technologies Group data base [9]. Electrical conductivity data are obtained with Bloch-Grueneisen theorem [10-12]. Material data cross check is done with different sources [13-16]. New data used for this particular simulation are thermal and electrical conductivity of copper and gold vs. temperature and with different RRR (for copper) are shown on fig.3 and fig. 4. Figure 3: Electrical conductivity of copper and gold. Figure 4: Thermal conductivity of copper and gold. 2 10 100 500 3x10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10 10 11
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Near-Surface Wind in Shenzhen

The spatiotemporal characteristics of near-surface wind in Shenzhen were investigated in this study by using hourly observations at 92 automatic weather stations (AWSs) from 2009 to 2018. The results show that during the past 10 years, most of the stations showed a decreasing trend in the annual mean of the 10 min average wind speed (avg-wind) and the mean of the 3 s average wind speed (gust wind). Over half of the decreasing trends at the stations were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Seasonally, the decrease in wind speed was the most severe in spring, followed by autumn, winter, and summer. The distribution of wind speed tends to be greater in the east and coastal areas for both avg-wind and gust wind. From September to March of the following year, the prevailing wind direction in Shenzhen was northerly, and from April to August, the prevailing wind direction was southerly. The seasonal wind speed distribution exhibited two different types, spring–summer type and autumn–winter type, which may be induced by their different prevailing wind directions. The analysis by the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method confirmed the previous findings that the mean wind speed was decreasing in Shenzhen and that two different seasonal wind speed spatial distribution patterns existed. Such a study could provide references for wind forecasting and risk assessment in the study area.
Prevalence of Common Mental Disorder and Its Association with Khat Chewing among Ethiopian College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Mental disorder is a global burden that affects all groups of people. Young people, particularly college/university students, are more vulnerable to common mental disorders than the general population. Thus, students may use khat to gain immediate relief from their psychological distress which may worsen again after longer time of chewing. In Ethiopia, there are studies showing discrepant and inconsistent results of common mental disorder among college/university students. Therefore, this review sought to determine the prevalence of common mental disorder and its association with khat chewing among Ethiopian college/university students. Methods Different kinds of literature were searched from the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO. A total of 10 primary studies which report the prevalence of common mental disorder among Ethiopian college/university students were included in the review. The data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel. STATA version 14 statistical software was used for analysis. Cochran's Q test statistics and I2 test were used to assess heterogeneity. A random effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of common mental disorder due to the variability of the studies. Lastly, the association between common mental disorder and khat chewing was conducted. Results The pooled prevalence of common mental disorder among Ethiopian college/university students was 37.73% (95% CI: 30.43, 45.03). The subgroup analysis showed the highest [51.9% (95% CI: 30.19, 73.70)] and lowest [33.28% (95% CI: 19.95, 46.60)] prevalences of common mental disorder among Ethiopian college/university students found in Amhara and South Nation Nationality and People regions, respectively. The pooled effect (odds ratio) of khat chewing on common mental disorder was 2.01 (95% CI: 1.38, 2.95). Conclusions In our review, it is found that more than one-third of college/university students suffered from common mental disorder. Khat chewers were found to be twofolds more vulnerable to develop common mental disorder than nonchewers.
Impact of Acetylated and Non-Acetylated Fucose Analogues on IgG Glycosylation

The biological activity of therapeutic antibodies is highly influenced by their glycosylation profile. A valuable method for increasing the cytotoxic efficacy of antibodies, which are used, for example, in cancer treatment, is the reduction of core fucosylation, as this enhances the elimination of target cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Development of fucose analogues is currently the most promising strategy to reduce core fucosylation without cell line engineering. Since peracetylated sugars display enhanced cell permeability over the highly polar free hydroxy sugars, this work sought to compare the efficacy of peracetylated sugars to their unprotected forms. Two potent fucose analogues, 2-deoxy-2-fluorofucose and 5-alkynylfucose, and their acetylated forms were compared for their effects on fucosylation. 5-alkynylfucose proved to be more potent than 2-deoxy-2-fluorofucose at reducing core fucosylation but was associated with a significant higher incorporation of the alkynylated fucose analogue. Acetylation of the sugar yielded only slightly lower fucosylation levels suggesting that acetylation has a minor impact on cellular entry. Even though the efficacy of all tested components was confirmed, results presented in this study also show a significant incorporation of unnatural fucose analogues into the glycosylation pattern of the produced IgG, with unknown effect on safety and potency of the monoclonal antibody.