Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-Phase Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Rectifier with Predictive Control Method without Employing Weighting Factor

A predictive control method using injected offset voltage to achieve neutral point (NP) voltage balance of three-phase three-level neutral point clamped (NP) rectifiers, without employing a weighting factor, is proposed in this study. One of the biggest problems with the three-level NP rectifiers is the dc link capacitor voltage imbalance. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the balance of the NP voltage in addition to synthesize the three-phase sinusoidal input current by control methods. Conventional predictive control methods for the NP rectifiers have used a weighting factor in a cost function that determines the control ratio of the input currents and the capacitor voltage balance. As a result, it is burdensome to empirically redesign the weighting factor when the rectifiers’ parameter values and control conditions change. Unlike the conventional methods, the proposed approach without the weighting factor can significantly eliminate differences between two DC capacitor voltages by utilizing an offset voltage, which is generated by using the difference between the upper and lower capacitor voltages. Consequently, the proposed approach using the offset voltage injection can control the input currents and retain the balance of NP voltage. Simulation and experiments are presented to verify the correctness of the NP voltage balancing of the proposed control method.
The Post-Wildfire Impact of Burn Severity and Age on Black Carbon Snow Deposition and Implications for Snow Water Resources, Cascade Range, Washington

Wildfires in the snow zone affect ablation by removing forest canopy, which enhances surface solar irradiance, and depositing light absorbing particles [LAPs, such as black carbon (BC)] on the snowpack, reducing snow albedo. How variations in BC deposition affects post-wildfire snowmelt timing is poorly known and highly relevant to water resources. We present a field-based analysis of BC variability across five sites of varying burn age and burn severity in the Cascade Range, Washington State, United States. Single particle soot photometer (SP2) analyses of BC snow concentrations were used to assess the impact of BC on snow albedo, and radiative transfer modeling was used to estimate the radiative effect of BC on snowmelt. Results were compared to Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) data from one site that burned in 2012 and another in a proximal unburned forest. We show that post-wildfire forests provide a significant source of BC to the snowpack, and this effect increases by an order of magnitude in regions of high versus low burn severity, and decreased by two orders of magnitude over a decade. There is a shift in the timing of snowmelt, with snow disappearance occurring on average 19 ± 9 days earlier post-wildfire (2013–19) relative to pre-wildfire (1983–2012). This study improves understanding of the connection between wildfire activity and snowmelt, which is of high relevance as climate change models project further decreases in snowpack and increases in wildfire activity in the Washington Cascades.
Molecular Identification of Pathogenic Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Producing Biofilm

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections with production of biofilm. In the current study, 73 samples were collected from both patient genders of different ages suffering of burn and wound injuries that referred to four hospitals in Baghdad city from Aug. to Nov. 2019. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar and 60 bacterial isolates were obtained. Primary identification by cultural and microscopic examinations declared that all isolates belong to genus Klebsiella. Then the 60 isolates were identified by Vitek 2 system which insured they were belonged to Klebsiella pneumoniae. The identified isolates were screened for ability to produce biofilm by Microtiter Plate technique and Congo red agar method. Results showed that only 4 isolates (3 of wounds and 1of burns) were able to form biofilms. Upon such important characteristic, the four isolates were submitted to the 16S rRNA gene amplification test by using PCR technique and results declared that they are certainly belong to Klebsiella pneumoniae. The “National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)” verified and documented that they are new strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae to be discovered in this study for the first time and registered them as; KPWIQ25, KPWIQ49, KPWIQ51 and KPBIQ19 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Scalewise Return to Isotropy in Stratified Boundary Layer Flows

Anisotropic turbulence is ubiquitous in atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers due to differences in energy injection mechanisms. Unlike mechanical production that injects energy in the streamwise velocity component, buoyancy affects only the vertical velocity component. This anisotropy in energy sources, quantified by the flux Richardson number Rif, is compensated by a “return to isotropy” (RTI) tendency of turbulent flows. Describing RTI in Reynolds‐averaged models and across scales continues to be a challenge in stratified turbulent flows. Using phenomenological models for spectral energy transfers, the necessary conditions for which the widely‐used Rotta model captures RTI across various Rif and eddy sizes are discussed for the first time. This work unravels adjustments to the Rotta constant, with Rif and scale, necessary to obtain consistency between RTI models and the measured properties of the atmospheric surface layer for planar‐homogeneous and stationary flows in the absence of subsidence. A range of Rif and eddy sizes where the usage of a conventional Rotta model is prohibited is also found. Those adjustments lay the groundwork for new closure schemes.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Propagation of Summer Extreme Precipitation Events Over United States: A Complex Network Analysis

Complex network (CN) is a graph theory‐based depiction of relation shared by various elements of a complex dynamical system such as the atmosphere. Here we apply the concept of CN to understand the directionality and topological structure of summer extreme precipitation events (SEPEs) over the conterminous United States (CONUS). The SEPEs are calculated based on the 95th percentile daily rainfall at 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution for CONUS to investigate the multidimensional characteristics of precipitation extremes. The derived CN coefficients (e.g., betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient, orientation, and network divergence) reveal important structural and dynamical information about the topology of the SEPEs and improve understanding of the dominant meteorological patterns. The initiation and propagation of SEPEs from the source zones to the sink zones are identified. The SEPEs are influenced by topography, dominant wind patterns, and moisture sources in terms of their topological structure and spatial dynamics.
Electroporation-mediated genetic transformation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)

Darmawan C, Wiendi NMA, Utomo C, Liwang T. 2020. Electroporation-mediated genetic transformation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Biodiversitas 21: 3720-3726. Novel traits introduction to existing varieties may shorten the duration of oil palm genetic improvement. This approach heavily relies on efficient plant transformation and regeneration methods. Commonly used methods such as biolistic and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation still generated low efficiency for oil palm. Therefore, it is important to find alternative transformation methods that have the potency to give better results. Electroporation is usually used for delivering genes into bacteria or plant protoplast where cell wall does not exist, however, in this research, it was used to deliver plasmid into plant tissues. The aim of this research is to establish an optimum electroporation protocol for delivering genes into oil palm calli. Electric field strength of 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and 1,250 V/cm were applied for oil palm calli electroporation. Transient GUS assay was not applicable for initial detection presumably due to oil palm endogenous GUS-like protein activity after electroporation. Delivered gene could be detected in survived calli from all tested electric field strength treatments and the highest calli growth rates were observed from 250 V/cm electroporation treatment. Overall results showed that electroporation could be used to deliver specific genes into oil palm calli and might be developed further to increase its efficiency.
Improving EMG Signal Change Point Detection for Low SNR by Using Extended Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator

Muscle onset detection plays a key role in applications ranging from clinical to assistive technology. The Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) is an acknowledged tool used in surface electromyography (sEMG) signal conditioning for improving the performances of many change-point detection methods. Here, a TKEO extended version (ETKEO) was used to investigate its effects, for different SNR ranges, among a series of well-assessed algorithms, including a threshold-based one (TP). An optimization procedure on synthetic signals for the selection of the operator structure was also developed. The detection errors between TKEO and ETKEO, performed on real sEMG signals with SNR≤8 dB, showed significant ( ${p} < 0.05$ ) overall improvements, not lower than 30%, when ETKEO was used. When compared with more robust techniques preconditioned by ETKEO as well, i.e., wavelet-, CUSUM- and profile likelihood maximization-based algorithms, the TP detector reached comparable performances for each SNR band, also for the lowest one. The results support the relevance of using ETKEO to improve onset analysis methods for a wide range of low SNR values, being particularly suitable for applications such as myoelectric motion intention detection. Moreover, the ETKEO adaptable structure suggests its use for other biological signals, presenting different characteristics with respect to sEMG signals.
Improved HOG Feature Vehicle Recognition Algorithm Based On Sliding Window

With the continuous development in recent years, machine learning has been extensively used in many application scenarios, especially in vehicle recognition. At present, the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) algorithm has been widely used in vehicle recognition and facial recognition. This paper studies the HOG algorithm, introduces the vehicle recognition using the HOG algorithm, and introduces a detection method based on sliding window. In this research, an improved HOG algorithm based on sliding window is proposed for vehicle recognition and compared with the traditional HOG algorithm. In randomness test, the traditional recognition method often causes its HOG features to be trapped in a large number of invalid features due to the uncertainty of the vehicle distribution. This makes it difficult to be identified by the classifier, resulting in erroneous images, with an accuracy of only 83.33%. The optimized sliding window algorithm eliminates the influence of overlapping windows, and the number of accurately-recognized images is largely increased, with an accuracy of 91.02%.
Food factors affecting metabolic responses to cereal products

Name: Yvonne Granfeldt Home address: Postiljonsgatan 4, 227 36 Lund Tel. (home): 046133083 Place of birth: Born in Ellös, Sweden, February 19, 1954 Present position and affiliation: Lecturer and Associate Professor, Division of Food Technology, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition Tel. (office): 04235 67 61 Civil status: Married, with three children 27, 25 and 17 years of age e-mail address: Yvonne.Granfeldt@food.lth. se
Climate Change Dominated Long‐Term Soil Carbon Losses of Inner Mongolian Grasslands

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the most critical component of global carbon cycle in grassland ecosystems. There has been growing interest in understanding SOC dynamics and driving forces of grassland biomes at various temporal and spatial scales. Up to now, estimates of long‐term and large‐scale changes in SOC of grassland biomes have been mostly based on modeling approaches and manipulative experiments, rather than direct measurements. During 2007–2011, we repeated 141 soil profiles of the sampling in 1963–1964 (up to 1‐m depth) to quantify the long‐term changes of SOC storage in the major grassland types of Inner Mongolia in order to tease apart the relative contributions of climate change and grazing. We found that SOC decreased in all soil types, except in the eolian sandy soils, from 1963 to 2007, with an average reduction rate of 1.8 kg C m−2 (~22.9% or 0.52% year−1) in the grassland biome of Inner Mongolia. We quantitatively clustered the soils into four groups using principal component analysis (PCA) and detected clear spatial dependency of the changes on climate and grazing. The climate change was responsible for 15.3–34.9% of the total SOC variations, whereas grazing intensity accounted for <9.5% of the changes. Our findings indicated that climate change, rather than grazing, was the primary forcing for the changes in SOC of Inner Mongolia grasslands. We presume that other driving forces, such as changes in nongrazing‐resultant wind erosion and atmospheric nitrogen deposition, might have played a role albeit their effects need to be further examined.
Wavelet and recurrence analysis for lean blowout detection: An application to a trapped vortex combustor in thermoacoustic instability

In flames, extinctions and subsequent re-ignitions occur continuously, with such small lifetime that they are difficult to perceive. Here, the light emitted by a vortex in reactive conditions is sampled in time and projected on a wavelet base. The result of the analysis is a statistical description of these shutdown and re-ignition phenomena in terms of the event duration, occurrence, amplitude, and shape. The proposed data analysis technique is applied for the first time in the field of combustion, but has had a widespread application in nonreactive fluid dynamics and aeroacoustics.
Correlation between the Hand Grip Strength and the Shoulder Rotator Cuff Function

Aim of the Study: To know if there is correlation between handgrip strength and shoulder rotator cuff function. Materials and Method: total of 60 healthy, male volunteers with no history of shoulder, upper limb or neck injury comprised the study group. The mean (SD) age was 20 ± 0.64 years (range 20 years to 25 years). Grip strength (measured with hand grip dynamometer) and lateral rotator strength (measured with Manual Muscle Testing) was measured at neutral, 90abduction, and 90abduction with 90external rotation. Results: The correlation test reviled that there is significant correlation between handgrip strength and lateral rotator cuff function in neutral and 90? abduction and lateral rotation. While it showed negative correlation between in 90? abduction position. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study concluded that there is positive correlation between neutral and 90? abduction and negative correlation in 90? abduction position.
Nucleation and growth of [beta][prime]-SiAlON

Elongated [beta][prime]-SiAlON grains grown from several fine-grained Y[sub m/3]Si[sub 12[minus](m+n)]Al[sub m+n]O[sub n]N[sub 16[minus]n] compositions with [alpha]-Si[sub 3]N[sub 4], AlN, Al[sub 2]O[sub 3], and Y[sub 2]O[sub 3] starting materials have been examined. These grains have large aspect ratios and are oriented along the [0001] axis. TEM structural and chemical analysis suggests that they are nucleated from various seed crystals, which can be [alpha]-Si[sub 3]N[sub 4], [beta]-Si[sub 3]N[sub 4], or other [beta][prime]-SiAlON. The [beta][prime]-SiAlON seed and initial precipitation on [beta]-Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] show a higher content of Al and O, indicating that a large transient supersaturation of Al and O in the liquid is instrumental for [beta][prime]-SiAlON formation, whereas subsequent growth proceeds under a much lower driving force. The misfit between phases is accommodated by interfacial dislocations (c-type and a-type). Fully grown [beta][prime]-SiAlON grains usually contain several variants independently nucleated from the same seed. In particular, the two alternative [alpha]/[beta] phase-matching possibilities result in two [0001] growth habits separated by a twin boundary.
Controllable magnetic roughness surface with sustainable superhydrophobicity based on magnetorheological colloid

In this article, magnetorheological colloid was adopted to coat a stainless steel substrate, which was cured under magnetic field to form magnetic roughness surface. Superhydrophobicity had been verified in the experiments, and the influential factors on the hydrophobic performance had been explored. A regular sawtooth structure model was proposed to relate the hydrophobicity with the formed surface microstructure. With the self-cleaning and bonding strength testing, the magnetic roughness surface is promising to keep sustainable superhydrophobicity in the self-cleaning or drag reduction applications.
Social Support Among College Students With Disabilities: Structural Patterns and Satisfaction

The current study explores the structural and functional features of social support among college students with disabilities. Findings indicated that parents and friends were critical sources of support among all students. Analyses of specific subgroup differences by disability indicated that students in certain disability groups (e.g., psychological disabilities) had significantly fewer sources of support than did students in other categories. The implications of these findings for families, peers, student services personnel, and faculty are discussed.
Effects of Monetary Policy on Inflation and National Economy Based on Analysis of Bank Indonesia Annual Report

This study focuses on analysis (1) money supply effect, previous period money supply, the level of SBI (Bank Indonesia Certificate), the exchange rate, and the economy on inflation in Indonesia (2) The effect of inflation, domestic investment, previous period domestic investment, foreign investment, previous period foreign investment, and economic labor in Indonesia. Time series data using the simultaneous analysis model equation of the Two-Stage Least Squared (TSLS) method. The results of the study concluded that (1) the money supply had a significant and positive impact on inflation, the money supply in the previous period had a significant and positive impact on inflation, the SBI rate had a significant and negative effect on inflation, the exchange rate had a significant and positive effect on inflation. Meanwhile, the national economy has no significant and positive effect on inflation. If the money supply increases, inflation will increase. If the money supply in the previous period increased, inflation would also increase. If the SBI interest rate rises, inflation will depreciate. If the exchange rate rises, inflation will appreciate. If the level of the national economy rises, inflation will appreciate. (2) Domestic investment, previous period domestic investment, foreign investment, previous period foreign investment, and labor have a significant effect on the economy in Indonesia, while the inflation rate has no significant effect on the economy in Indonesia
Personomics – an innovative tool of precision medicine and its role in the individualized treatment of patients with breast cancer

Precision medicine considers specific biological characteristics of each individual patient to tailor diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to a given patient. This approach is particularly important for a growing number of patients with malignancies. Currently, some unique biological properties in the terms of different “omics” platforms (e.g., genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, and pharmacogenomics) have been introduced to precision medicine. In addition, specific personal characteristics of the patients have been described as personomics. It should be highlighted that personomics include an individual patient’s personality type, set of personal values, priorities, preferences, health-related beliefs, goals, economical status, and different life circumstances, which influence when and how a certain disease (e.g., breast cancer (BC)) can be manifested in a given person. As a consequence, personomics are considered to be an innovative clinical tool that is crucial for making a connection between the existing and emerging, more individualized model of medical care. This is particularly important among patients suffering from the most difficult to treat cancers (e.g., BC subtypes, such as the triple-negative BC (TNBC), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive BC). This mini-review addresses some research concepts in personalized medicine, focusing on personomics, which apply individualized data of the patient to the therapeutic plan. In this light, personomics can facilitate the transition from standard medical treatment to personalized medical management of individual women with BC.
Transcriptomic approach to study salinity tolerance in euryhaline cichlid, Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790)

Increasing levels of salinity in coastal and freshwater environments as a result of rise in sea level is linked to climate change and it impacts fish growth adversely. Etroplus suratensis (Pearlspot) is the largest species among the indigenous cichlid which is essentially brackishwater fish that has become naturally acclimated to freshwater. Understanding the basis of tolerance and acclimatization to increased environmental salinity and freshwater condition can help the regional aqua-farmers to mitigate predicted impacts of climate change in that region. Technically the last decade contributed many methodologies to understand the salinity adaptation mechanisms; suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library generation being one of them. In this study we performed SSH technique to identify genes involved in salinity adaptation and osmoregulation in gills of E. suratensis, generating from fishes exposed to seawater (SW-36 ‰) as compared to freshwater (FW-0 ‰). Here, SSH was used to identify alterations in gene transcription of E. suratensis after exposure to 36‰. A random 105 clones were selected and sanger sequenced from the subtractive c-DNA libraries which gave a total of 80 gene fragment sequences. Sequencing analysis and homology searches showed that these EST’s represented 68 unique gene and 12 duplicates. Of the 68 unique genes, 62 shared high homology with fish genes of known functions including immunity, stress, cellular process, cytoskeleton and transporter. Gene expression profile of the selected 10 EST’s acclimated to SW and FW conditions from SSH library was carried out. The candidate genes identified in E. suratensis gills provided valuable information to study and understand new functional genes that act as osmosensors in osmotic regulations.