Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the influence of light-curing units on the degree of conversion in depth of a bulk-fill resin

Background It is known that bulk-fill have been widely studied and used by dentists in the clinic. However, the use of light-curing units that do not have the ability to adequately light-cure these materials at the appropriate depth can affect their clinical performance. The aim of this study was evaluating the influence of 5 different light curing units (LCUs) on the degree of conversion (DC) of a bulk-fill resin at depths of 0 to 4 mm and determined the effect of using 20s exposure and 40s. Material and Methods Cylinders of composite were made in a stainless steel matrix (n=10). The specimens were exposed from the top surface using 5 LCUs: Valo® Cordless (VA); Radii Plus (RA); Emitter.D (EM), Biolux Plus (BI), Woodpecker® (WO). The emission wavelength and the power density was determined. After the photoactivation, the Raman vibrational modes were calculated taking as reference the peaks at 1,601 (aromatic bonds C=C) and 1,640 cm-1 (aliphatic bonds C=C). Results The largest difference in DC in 20s, comparing the values obtained in the first and last layer is for BI, with a variation from 61.24% to 53.86%. Comparing the LCUs, the last layer in 40s DC values are 57.40% (BI), 58.21% (WO), 58.97% (VA), 60.90% (RA) and 62.42% (EM). The higher the dose (J/cm²) and the close the λmax is to the maximum CQ absorption length (λmax ~ 470 nm) the better the DC value. Conclusions There was a significant difference in the DC values between the LCUs with increasing depth of the bulk-fill increments. Results indicate significant differences in DC among the different LCUs as well as enhanced DC when using 40s exposure compared to 20s. It is suggested that for DC improvement using lower power photoactivator increase the exposure time the exposure time should be 20s to 40s. Key words:Polymerization, Composite Resins, Raman spectroscopy.
Specific Negative Resistance in Solids

The inherent instability associated with a specific differential negative resistance in a solid is discussed for the two cases voltage-controlled and current-controlled differential negative resistance. In the case of voltage-controlled differential negative resistance, it is shown that domains of high electric field occur. These domains are generally mobile and their movement is discussed. In the case, of current-controlled differential negative resistance, high current filaments form. The sizes of the domains and filaments are governed by the size of the specimen and by the principle of least entropy production. The effect of an external circuit is to inhibit stable filament formation in the case of current-controlled differential negative resistance and impose conditions under which stable domain formation can be observed in the case of voltage-controlled differential negative resistance.
Phenolic and Volatile Compounds in the Production of Sugarcane Vinegar

This study aimed to explore the dynamic variations in the phenolic and volatile organic compounds of sugarcane vinegar subjected to different production processes. The determination of phenolic and volatile organic compounds was performed by UPLC-MS and solid phase micro extraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The complete fermentation process of sugarcane lasted nine days, and production of vinegar of up to 3.04% (w/v), total acids, and 4.1° alcoholicity was accomplished. Various phenolic compounds of sugarcane juice (non-sterilized) and those of alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation were obtained after nine days of fermentation. These were benzoic acid (2.024, 1.002, and 1.027 mg L–1), ferulic acid (0.060, 0.205, and 1.124 mg L–1), quinic acid (0.019, 0.074, and 0.031 mg L–1), chlorogenic acid (0.349, 1.635, and 1.217 mg L–1), apigenin (0.002, 0.099, and 0.004 mg L–1), kaempferol (0.003, 0.336, and 0.003 mg L–1), caffeic acid (−, 0.005, and 0.005 mg L–1), luteolin (0.003, 0.323, and 0.005 mg L–1), and p-coumaric acid (0.018, 0.015, and 0.027 mg L–1). Forty-five volatile organic compounds were also identified. The sugarcane juice can be commercialized as an alternative to wine as it presents characteristics of an alcoholic fermented beverage.
Identifying MMP14 and COL12A1 as a potential combination of prognostic biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using integrated bioinformatics analysis

Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal malignant neoplasm. It is necessary to improve the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and identify the key genes and signaling pathways involved in PDAC. Methods The microarray datasets GSE28735, GSE62165, and GSE91035 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by integrated bioinformatics analysis, including protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The PPI network was established using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape software. GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Hub genes were validated via the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis tool (GEPIA) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) website. Results A total of 263 DEGs (167 upregulated and 96 downregulated) were common to the three datasets. We used STRING and Cytoscape software to establish the PPI network and then identified key modules. From the PPI network, 225 nodes and 803 edges were selected. The most significant module, which comprised 11 DEGs, was identified using the Molecular Complex Detection plugin. The top 20 hub genes, which were filtered by the CytoHubba plugin, comprised FN1, COL1A1, COL3A1, BGN, POSTN, FBN1, COL5A2, COL12A1, THBS2, COL6A3, VCAN, CDH11, MMP14, LTBP1, IGFBP5, ALB, CXCL12, FAP, MATN3, and COL8A1. These genes were validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype–Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, and the encoded proteins were subsequently validated using the HPA website. The GO analysis results showed that the most significantly enriched biological process, cellular component, and molecular function terms among the 20 hub genes were cell adhesion, proteinaceous extracellular matrix, and calcium ion binding, respectively. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the 20 hub genes were mainly enriched in ECM–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and protein digestion and absorption. These findings indicated that FBN1 and COL8A1 appear to be involved in the progression of PDAC. Moreover, patient survival analysis performed via the GEPIA using TCGA and GTEx databases demonstrated that the expression levels of COL12A1 and MMP14 were correlated with a poor prognosis in PDAC patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions The results demonstrated that upregulation of MMP14 and COL12A1 is associated with poor overall survival, and these might be a combination of prognostic biomarkers in PDAC.
Evaluation of Salivary and Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Peroxidation in Postmenopausal Women

Objective In menopause, reduction of estrogen hormone affects oxidative stress process in serum. Oxidative stress in saliva plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in the serum and saliva of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods In this case control study, 50 postmenopausal women (case group) and 48 premenopausal women (control group) were selected. The unstimulated whole saliva and serum of the postmenopausal and premenopausal women were collected. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the saliva and serum was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method for serum and saliva. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 17, whereby Mann–Whitney test and Spearman's correlation test were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The postmenopausal group had significantly lower mean serum TAC and higher mean serum MDA than the control group (P < 0 < 001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The mean salivary TAC and MDA, however, did not differ significantly between the case and control group (P = 0.64 and P = 0.08, respectively). Conclusion In postmenopausal women, with elevation of serum MDA and reduction of serum TAC, the extent of serum oxidative stress grows, but MDA and TAC levels of saliva do not change.
A meta-analysis contrasting active versus passive restoration practices in dryland agricultural ecosystems

Restoration of agricultural drylands globally, here farmlands and grazing lands, is a priority for ecosystem function and biodiversity preservation. Natural areas in drylands are recognized as biodiversity hotspots and face continued human impacts. Global water shortages are driving increased agricultural land retirement providing the opportunity to reclaim some of these lands for natural habitat. We used meta-analysis to contrast different classes of dryland restoration practices. All interventions were categorized as active and passive for the analyses of efficacy in dryland agricultural ecosystems. We evaluated the impact of 19 specific restoration practices from 42 studies on soil, plant, animal, and general habitat targets across 16 countries, for a total of 1,427 independent observations. Passive vegetation restoration and grazing exclusion led to net positive restoration outcomes. Passive restoration practices were more variable and less effective than active restoration practices. Furthermore, passive soil restoration led to net negative restoration outcomes. Active restoration practices consistently led to positive outcomes for soil, plant, and habitat targets. Water supplementation was the most effective restoration practice. These findings suggest that active interventions are necessary and critical in most instances for dryland agricultural ecosystems likely because of severe anthropogenic pressures and concurrent environmental stressors—both past and present.
Metrological Analysis by Measurement Uncertainty of Water and Sediment in Crude Oil

Water and sediment can be considered as the important quality parameters in petroleum specification for processing. Calculation and expression of measurement uncertainty, required by the latest revision of the Brazilian regulations, is a powerful tool to better understand this analysis. In this case, repeatability is the most relevant source of uncertainty. Based on it, a maximum difference between the basic sediments and water content analysis of the exploration/production region and the refinery in order to validate the measurement process is established.
Gas-phase "molecular alloys" of bulk immiscible elements: iron-silver (FexAgy)

Binary cluster ions of ion and silver are produced by pulsed supersonic nozzle expansion, pulsed laser ionization. Although these elements arc mutually insoluble in both the liquid and solid states, all combinations of Fe x Ag y + mass spectrometry. In the low-nuclearity cluster regime, species having the same number of atoms but different Fe:Ag ratios are not observed in equal abundance. High-ionizing laser fluences produce clusters richer in silver. The FeAg + dimer is explored. Its binding encrgy is bracketed between 2.33 and 3.50 eV
Biodegradation of heavy crude oil in wastewater by an efficient strain, ERCPPI-1

The potential biodegradation of heavy crude oil from wastewater was assessed based on the development of a fermentative process with a new strain of Enterobacter cloacea (ERCPPI-1) which was isolated from heavy crude oil in south of Iran, when cultured in a basal mineral medium using heavy crude oil as the sole carbon source. The effects of heavy crude oil concentration, temperature, pressure, pH and salinity on the growth rate of ERCPPI-1 in the presence of heavy crude oil as the sole carbon source were investigated. The results showed that ERCPPI-1 has a good potential for biodegradation of heavy crude oil in the concentration ranges of 0.25–10%, temperatures up to 70°C, pressures up to 6000 psia, pH ranges of 4–10, and salinity up to 15%. However, as the concentration of heavy crude oil is increased from 0.25% to 10%, the percentage of degradation by the strain is decreased from 76.3% to 19.1%. Temperature of 40 °C and pH of 7.0 were found to be the optimum conditions for maximum biodegradation rate. T.
Highly conductive polymer electrolytes containing rigid polymers

A new type of polymer electrolyte which contains rigid polymer rather than the flexible low Tg polymers used in conventional polymer electrolytes is described. The new type of polymer electrolyte exhibits high ambient temperature conductivity, 10-4 S cm-1. Many properties of this new type of polymer electrolyte are significantly different from those of conventional polymer electrolytes. For example, addition of salt usually softens these new polymer systems instead of stiffening the polymers, as in conventional polymer electrolytes.
Calibration of Temperature Effect on Dielectric Probes Using Time Series Field Data

Dielectric sensors have been widely used for nondestructive determination of volumetric soil water content (θ). Since the output of such sensors is influenced by soil temperature (T), the calibration for the dependence is indispensable for accurate determination of θ. The objectives of this study were (i) to apply an existing empirical temperature calibration method for capacitance probes to other types of commercial dielectric probes and (ii) to propose a new calibration method using time series of field data that requires no laboratory experiments for temperature calibration. Laboratory experiments were performed to obtain probe outputs at various T (5– 35°C) and θ (air dry–near saturation), using two soils and seven probes. From the results, a calibration equation describing the probe output as a function of θ and T was derived for every soil–probe combination and confirmed that this method is applicable not only to capacitance probes but also to impedance and TDR probes. Time series of field data (θ and T) had been previously monitored with ECH2O EC‐5 and EC‐20 capacitance probes in the Loess Plateau, China. Hourly outputs from the probes and T at the 5‐cm depth were analyzed, and calibration equations were derived using the responses of the probe outputs to daily fluctuation of T. The derived calibration equations from the field data were in good agreement with those from laboratory experiment for both probes. The equation was applied to field data and validly removed the effect of T on the probe output.
Atomic forces in the self-consistent tight-binding model

The self-consistent tight-binding (SCTB) model for structural and electronic properties of solids, which can treat both ionicity and covalency on an equal footing, is re-formulated so as to be applicable to general and disordered systems and is analyzed in comparison with the tight-binding bond (TBB) model. It is shown that atomic forces in the SCTB model are given very simply as well as in other tight-binding type theories. Atomic forces consist of three types of contributions, which are those from the interatomic Coulomb interaction, from the covalent energy, and from the overlap repulsion. By using the present formulation, it is possible to calculate quantum-mechanically the structural and electronic properties of extended defects or disordered systems of sp-bondod materials with both the properties, ionicity and covalency, which have not yet been treated enough theoretically or quantitatively. Ein selbstkonsistentes Modell der starken Bindung (SCTB) fur strukturelle und elektronische Eigenschaften von festen Korpern, das Ionen- und Kovalenz-Eigenschaften gleichermasen behandeln kann, wird fur die Anwendung auf allgemeine und fehlgeordnete Systeme reformuliert und im Vergleich zum Modell der starken Bindung (TBB) analysiert. Es wird bewiesen, das die atomaren Krafte im SCTB-Modell wie bei anderen Theorien der starken Bindung sehr einfach gegeben werden. Die atomaren Krafte bestehen aus drei Arten von Beitragen, die der inter-atomaren Coulomb-Wechselwirkung, der kovalenten Energie, und der Uberlappungsabstosung. Mit der vorliegenden Formulierung ist es moglich, quantenmechanisch die strukturellen und elektronischen Eigenschaften von ausgedehnten Defekten oder fehlgeordneten Systemen von sp-gebundenen Materialien mit Ionen- und Kovalenz-Eigenschaften zu berechnen, die noch nicht genugend theoretisch oder quantitativ behandelt worden sind.
Synthesis and studies of blue light emitting polymers containing triphenylamine‐substituted fluorene and diphenylanthracene moiety

Photoluminescent (PL) polymers containing triphenylamine-substituted fluorene and diphenylanthracene (DPA) units were synthesized by aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. The light emitting polymers (LEPs) contains hole-transporting triphenylamine (TPA) groups at the C-9 position of fluorene and DPA-emitting segments in the main chain. The obtained polymers were soluble in various organic solvents and thermally stable. The synthesized polymers were successfully characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR and, 1H NMR spectroscopy. The electrochemical measurements and optical properties of the polymers were also studied. The obtained polymers showed significant blue emission. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Measured and computer-simulated hydrocarbon and OH radical profiles in fuel-rich atmospheric-pressure flat flames. Reactions of CH sub 4 and C sub 2 H sub 2

Density-height profiles of CH{sub 4}, C{sub 2}H{sub 2}, and OH, measured in the postflame gas of rich atmospheric-pressure flat flames fueled by methane, ethylene, acetylene, or propane, are compared to computer-simulated profiles generated by using a 69-reaction kinetic mechanism. In the mechanism chosen for the simulation, the acetylene decays in the postflame gas by reaction primarily with OH with a rate constant determined to be k{sub 24} = 9.2 ({plus minus}1.5) {times} 10{sup 11} cm{sup 3}/(mol{center dot}s) at 1,700 K. The superequilibrium pool of partially equilibrated radicals formed in the flame zone decreases toward thermal equilibrium in the postflame gas. Simulation of the OH radical profile shows that recombination of methyl radicals with H toms controls the shape of this profile and also those of the rest of the free-radical pool. As the acetylene density decreases, the methane density rises. The net methane yield per acetylene consumed varies with the fuel used, reaching 35% for the ethylene flame.
IDEC-C2B8 (Rituximab) Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Patients With Relapsed Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

IDEC-C2B8 is a chimeric monoclonal antibody (MoAb) directed against the B-cell-specific antigen CD20 expressed on non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). The MoAb mediates complement and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and has direct antiproliferative effects against malignant B-cell lines in vitro. Phase I trials of single doses up to 500 mg/m2 and 4 weekly doses of 375 mg/m2 showed clinical responses with no dose-limiting toxicity. We conducted a phase II, multicenter study evaluating four weekly infusions of 375 mg/m2 IDEC-C2B8 in patients with relapsed low-grade or follicular NHL (Working Formulation groups A-D). Patients were monitored for adverse events, antibody pharmacokinetics, and clinical response. Thirty-seven patients with a median age of 58 years (range, 29 to 81 years) were treated. All patients had relapsed after chemotherapy (median of 2 prior regimens) and 54% had failed aggressive chemotherapy. Infusional side effects (grade 1-2) consisting of mild fever, chills, respiratory symptoms, and occasionally hypotension were observed mostly with the initial antibody infusion and were rare with subsequent doses. Peripheral blood B-cell depletion occurred rapidly, with recovery beginning 6 months posttreatment. There were no significant changes in mean IgG levels and infections were not increased over what would be expected in this population. Clinical remissions were observed in 17 patients (3 complete remissions and 14 partial remissions), yielding an intent to treat response rate of 46%. The onset of these tumor responses was as soon as 1 month posttreatment and reached a maximum by 4 months posttreatment. In the 17 responders, the median time to progression was 10.2 months (5 patients exceeding 20 months). Likelihood of tumor response was associated with a follicular histology, with the ability to sustain a high serum level of antibody after the first infusion, and with a longer duration of remission to prior chemotherapy. One patient developed a detectable but not quantifiable immune response to the antibody that had no clinical significance. IDEC-C2B8 in a dose of 375 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks has antitumor activity in patients with relapsed low-grade or follicular NHL. Results with this brief, outpatient treatment compare favorably with results with standard chemotherapy, and IDEC-C2B8 has a better safety profile. Further studies evaluating IDEC-C2B8 in other types of lymphoma either alone or combined with chemotherapy are warranted.