Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of commonly analyzed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to potential toxicity in early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In a series of bio-effect-directed fractionation experiments, we investigated the potential toxicity of sediment extracts from a contaminated bay. A previous study investigated abnormalities and hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae by exposing newly fertilized eggs to the total extract and to fractions separated by degree of aromaticity. A major part of the potential toxicity was isolated in a fraction containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). In this study, we prepared a synthetic PAC mixture with 17 com- monly analyzed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in amounts equimolar to those found in the sediment PAC fraction. The 17 PAHs, which included 11 of the 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority PAHs, were unable to account for the toxicopathic effects observed and could explain less than 4% of the total EROD induction. The lack of a clear relationship between toxicopathic effects and EROD induction underlines the need for a battery of biomarkers for estimating environmental risk. These results reveal the limits of our knowledge regarding compounds responsible for potential toxicity in field situations. Resume : Dans une serie d'experiences de fractionnement dirige vers les bio-effets, nous avons etudie la toxicite po- tentielle d'extraits de sediments provenant d'une baie contaminee. Une etude anterieure avait examine les anormalites et les activites de l'ethoxyresorufine O-deethylase (activites EROD) hepatiques chez les larves de truites arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en exposant des oeufs fraichement fecondes a un extrait complet et a des fractions separees d'apres leur degre d'aromaticite. Une partie importante de la toxicite potentielle a pu etre isolee dans une fraction contenant des composes aromatiques polycycliques (PAC). Nous avons prepare dans notre etude un melange synthe- tique de PAC contenant 17 hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (PAH), frequemment trouves dans les analyses, dans des quantites equimolaires a celles presentes dans la fraction PAC des sediments. Les 17 PAH, qui incluent 11 des 16 PAH sur la liste de priorite de l'EPA, ne peuvent expliquer les effets toxicopathiques observes et n'arrivent a elucider qu e4%d e l'induction totale d'activite EROD. L'absence de relation nette entre les effets toxicopathiques et l'induction d'EROD souligne la necessite d'avoir une batterie de biomarqueurs pour estimer les risques environnemen- taux. Nos resultats montrent les limites de nos connaissances sur les composes responsables de la toxicite potentielle dans les conditions de terrain.
Effect of feeding of Anopheles arabiensis patton (Diptera: Culicidae) on ivermectin treated–rabbit blood

Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae ( are the main vectors of malaria. Innovative approaches are needed. The use of endectocides, e.g. ivermectin, could be a new addition of antimalarial measures. Some authors reported that Anopheles mosquitoes is particularly sensitive to very low concentrations of ivermectin relative to other vectors. The present work aimed to investigate the possibility of mortality of An. arabiensis adults after feeding on ivermectin-treated rabbits blood at different exposure periods and testing 3 doses (recommended =1ml/50kg body weight, 25% lower and 25% higher), determining the time required for mortality and to the effective dose. Mosquito were starved for 24 hr and fed on the rabbits. Rabbits were divided into group in 4 cages, 2 /cage one of the for the untreated control. To each cage 10 starved females were introduced and with the rabbits inside the cage for 1hr for feeding, then removed. The number of dead adults was recorded at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hr, and 2, 3 and 4 wk. Also, the Knock-down time (KdT) for the different treatments was calculated. The first part of the experiment (1 injection; phase 1) continued for 28 Days, followed by 21 days withdrawal, and the 2 injection. The same parameters were taken. The experiment was repeated twice. The results showed that the recommended dose was more effective than the other 2 doses in terms of mortality rates during the 1 month, but in the 2 month the 125% treatment resulted in better effect. However, it is concluded that ivermectin treatment on rabbits did not show promising effects.
Differences in the Age of Pacific Hake (Merluccius productus) Using Whole Otoliths and Sections of Otoliths

Ages determined for older Pacific hake from sections through the nucleus of otoliths were older than the ages determined from the otolith surface for the two populations studied. Growth of all parts of the otolith was not identical throughout the life of the fish. The change in the pattern of otolith growth occurred about the age at which the growth in length of the fish was reduced. Despite the disproportionate growth in length and height of the otolith, the thickness of the otolith, especially in the ventral interior portion, continued to increase with age. Section ages appear to be more reliable for older fish because of this allometric change in otolith growth with increasing fish age. It is suggested that the examination of sections of otoliths should become a routine approach in any attempt to age fish using otoliths. Key words: age determination, otolith, otolith section, otolith growth, aging errors, Pacific hake, Strait of Georgia
Sources of carbohydrates in the ingestive behavior of feedlot steers

In this article we research the influence of different sources of carbohydrates (corn, soybean hulls or wheat bran) upon the digestive behavior of 24 confined castrated steers with an initial average age and weight of 20 months and 330 kg born from the cross between Charolais and Nellore. The diet was composed of 40% sorghum silage and 60% concentrate. The time spent on total ruminating (an average of 454.6 min/day) was not influenced by the source of carbohydrate. The animals from the wheat bran treatment spent less time idle (718 min) in relation to those on the corn and soybean hulls treatments, which did not differ between themselves (an average of 792 min/day). The steers from the wheat bran treatment remained less time feeding (184 min/day) compared with those fed the other treatments, whose average time of permanence in this activity was 214 minutes per day. The other studied variables did not present a significant difference between the treatments. Inclusion of wheat bran in the diet of the confined steers results in less spent time idle, while steers feeding on soybean hulls spend less time feeding. The use of corn, soybean hulls, or wheat bran in the diet of the confined steers does not affect the total cudding time.
Home Range and Movement Patterns of White‐lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari) Herds in the Northern Brazilian Amazon 1

Two white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) herds were radio‐tracked for 5 and 13 mo, respectively, on Maracá Island Ecological Reserve, Roraima, Brazil. Home range size was 109.6 km2 for the larger herd (130 animals) and 21.8 km2 for the smaller herd (53 animals). Neither herd migrated or moved nomadically during the study period. The herd with the longer observation period increased its home range size during the flooded season by including new sites not used in the nonflooded season and continuing to use the nonflooded season sites. This pattern of simultancously using distinct seasonal ranges also occurred between the rainy and dry periods and the herd regularly and predictably returned to favored feeding sites. Population declines and disappearances in this study and others may have been caused by in situ mortality rather than by long‐distance movements.
Physiological and Ecological Consequences of Sleeping‐Site Selection by the Galapagos Land Iguana (Conolophus Pallidus)

Field observations and biophysical models were combined to analyze sleeping-site selection by Galapagos land iguanas (Conolophus pallidus). Iguanas slept in different kinds of sleeping sites during different seasons. In the coolest season (garua), adult land iguanas were found in sleeping sites that were warmer than the coolest sites available. This may be because the garua season (cool, overcast, and foggy) is a time when environmental conditions mitigate against rapid warm-up in the mornings, so lizards may regulate nighttime body temperatures so that it is easier to warm up to preferred daytime body temperatures. In the warmest season, adult iguanas were found in the coolest sleeping sites available. This observation is consistent with hypotheses of voluntary hypothermia, which can be advantageous in energy conservation and in avoiding detrimental effects associated with maintenance of constant body temperatures throughout the day and night. Juvenile iguanas were found sleeping in rock crevices regardless of the ambient thermal environments. Such sites are likely to be important as refugia for this life stage, which, unlike the adult stage, is vulnerable to predation. It was concluded that selection of sleeping sites is a process that may help in avoidance of predation, optimization of body temperature at the more » end of the sleeping period, and reduction of metabolic costs during sleeping. The importance of some of these factors may change with the thermal milieu (e.g., season). « less
Phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic activity of bacteria isolated from the surface of two co-occurring macroalgae from the Baltic Sea

Bacteria associated with Fucus vesiculosus and Delesseria sanguinea, two macroalgae from the Kiel Fjord were investigated seasonally over two years by cultivation-based methods. A total of 166 bacterial strains were isolated from the macroalgae, affiliated to seven classes of bacteria (Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Cytophagia and Flavobacteria). According to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities they were arranged in 82 phylotypes of > 99.0% sequence identity. Assuming that chemical factors rule the bacteria–macroalga and bacteria–bacteria interactions on algal surfaces, we tested the antibiotic activity of the bacterial isolates not only against a panel of four standard test organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Candida glabrata, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus lentus) but also four macroalga-associated microorganisms: Algicola bacteriolytica and Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii (macroalgal pathogens), and Bacillus algicola and Formosa algae (strains associated with algal surfaces). Organic extracts of more than 51% of the isolates from the two macroalgae inhibited the growth of at least one of the tested microorganisms. As much as 46% and 45% of the isolates derived from F. vesiculosus and D. sanguinea, respectively, showed antimicrobial activity against the set of macroalga-associated bacteria, compared with 13 and 19% against a standard set of microorganisms. High antibacterial activity against macroalgal pathogens and bacterial competitors support the assumption that complex chemical interactions shape the relationships of bacteria associated with macroalgae and suggest that these bacteria are a rich source of antimicrobial metabolites.
Effects of caseinate deamidation on transglutaminase-induced glucosamine conjugation and cross-linking as well as properties of the treated caseinates

Caseinate was treated by diluted HCl solution to achieve degrees of deamidation of 16.6% and 28.1%, which resulted in lower surface hydrophobicity. Two deamidated caseinates were treated by transglutaminase and glucosamine to carry out glucosamine conjugation and cross-linking, to generate two modified caseinates (glucosamine-conjugated and cross-linked deamidated caseinates). Two modified caseinates contained less glucosamine (6.9–9.8 versus 12.6 g/kg protein) and higher reactable –NH2 (0.54–0.56 versus 0.51 mol/kg protein) than the glucosamine-conjugated and cross-linked caseinate, declaring they were less glycated and less cross-linked than caseinate. Two modified caseinates had better solubility in pH 3.0–9.0, higher water- and oil-binding and emulsion stability but lower emulsifying activity than caseinate; however, they also exhibited better solubility and emulsifying activity than the counterpart. It is thus concluded that HCl-induced deamidation was powerful enough to control transglutaminase-induced glucosamine conjugation and cross-linking as well as functional properties of the treated caseinates.
Pathogenicity and its alternation with both morphological and genetic variation in Plasmopara halstedii (sunflower downy mildew)

Morphological, pathogenic and genetic variation was studied in seven Plasmopara halstedii (sunflower downy mildew) isolates of several races using five singlezoosporangium isolates per pathogen isolate. Aggressiveness criteria were analysed in one sunflower inbred line showing a high level of quantitative resistance. Genetic relationships were detected between the single zoosporangium isolates using 12 expressed sequence tags (EST)-derived markers. Analysis of the five single zoosporangium isolates for P. halstedii isolates showed variability within pathogen isolates for all aggressiveness criteria, but not for all pathogen isolates. Isolates of races 100 and 3xx were characterised with shorter latent period and higher sporulation density than the isolate of races 7xx. All pathogen isolates showed high percentage infection values and caused a large reduction in seedling size except for one isolate involved in dwarfing. There was no relation between zoosporangia form or size and race virulence profiles or aggressiveness criteria. There was no intra-genetic variation for all pathogen isolates, but it was observed an important genetic variation between single zoosporangium isolates of all races. No correlation was detected between pathogenicity traits and EST genotypes.
The diet of post-puerulus western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus George, at Seven Mile Beach, Western Australia

Post-puerulus western rock lobsters (juveniles within their first year after settlement), taken from natural habitats and artificial collectors at Seven Mile Beach, had consumed a variety of plant and animal material. Post-pueruli in the natural environment foraged amongst seagrass and macroalgae on limestone reefs, and animals on the collectors probably foraged only on the collectors. The major components in the diet were coralline algae, molluscs and crustaceans. The ratios of these in the contents of the fore-gut were related to moult stage. Although the dietary spectrum of the post-pueruli was similar to that of larger juveniles at the same site, the ratios of food items were different.
CoREC

The dramatic increase in the scale of current and planned high-end HPC systems is leading new challenges, such as the growing costs of data movement and IO, and the reduced mean time between failures (MTBF) of system components. In-situ workflows, i.e., executing the entire application workflows on the HPC system, have emerged as an attractive approach to address data-related challenges by moving computations closer to the data, and staging-based frameworks have been effectively used to support in-situ workflows at scale. However, the resilience of these staging-based solutions has not been addressed, and they remain susceptible to expensive data failures. Furthermore, naive use of data resilience techniques such as n-way replication and erasure codes can impact latency and/or result in significant storage overheads. In this article, we present CoREC, a scalable and resilient in-memory data staging runtime for large-scale in-situ workflows. CoREC uses a novel hybrid approach that combines dynamic replication with erasure coding based on data access patterns. It also leverages multiple levels of replications and erasure coding to support diverse data resiliency requirements. Furthermore, the article presents optimizations for load balancing and conflict-avoiding encoding, and a low overhead, lazy data recovery scheme. We have implemented the CoREC runtime and have deployed with the DataSpaces staging service on leadership class computing machines and present an experimental evaluation in the article. The experiments demonstrate that CoREC can tolerate in-memory data failures while maintaining low latency and sustaining high overall storage efficiency at large scales.
HVS BASED NEAR REVERSIBLE DATA HIDING SCHEME USING DCT

In this research, a certain level of modifications to the original content can be acceptable. These schemes are called near-reversible. In this embedded content is allowed to be manipulated and the content can be restored almost to the original content. It has emerged application in remote sensing. In remote sensing application the image is captured while monitoring the damaged regions in the natural disasters such as tsunami, volcanic eruption, etc. proposed scheme have less pixel alterations or coefficients as an alternate to more alterations. In reversible data embedding shows the evidence of low embedding capacity and complexity. Already exist a few near reversible hiding schemes, deals with capacity, robustness and visual quality metrics. when the data is hidden in the image which is unclear, for accessing that image best quality metrics we need to use, generally the conventional mertric PSNR is not sufficient. Therefore, we present an HVS based metrics like PSNR_HVS, PSNR_HVS_M, MSSIM. Using frequency domain transform that evaluates the overall image quality. Hence, the new knowledge on this research paper is design of near-reversible scheme which has wider applications in remote sensing.
Effects of Time of Day and Activity Status on Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Cover-Type Selection in Southwestern Georgia

Abstract Lynx rufus (Bobcat) cover-type selection and activity patterns have been studied in a variety of landscapes in the southeastern United States, but effects of individual activity status (active or inactive) and time of day (day, night, crepuscular) on cover-type selection have not been investigated for this species. Therefore, we investigated Bobcat habitat use in a Pinus palustris (Longleaf Pine) forest in southwestern Georgia to determine whether activity status of individuals or time of day affected seasonal cover-type selection. We monitored 43 radiocollared Bobcats from 2001–2004 and determined habitat use at Johnson's third order of selection (i.e., habitat selection within the home range) using Euclidean distance-based analysis. Bobcats selected (&Lgr; = 0.017, P = 0.001) habitat within their home ranges; however, although Bobcats are typically classified as crepuscular, neither activity status (&Lgr; = 0.990, P = 0.981) nor time-of-day (&Lgr; = 0.972, P = 0.647) affected cover-type selection. Bobcats on our study site preferred agricultural areas and other early to mid-successional habitats, probably because they produced abundant prey.
The Physiology and Biochemistry of Cestodes

Preface Acknowledgements 1. The cestodes: general considerations 2. The adult cestode: special structural features relevant to its physiology 3. The adult cestode in its environment 4. The adult: general metabolism and chemical composition lipid metabolism 5. The adult: carbohydrate metabolism 6. The adult: proteins and nucleic acids 7. The biology of the egg 8. Developmental biology of larvae 9. Development within definitive host 10. Cultivation of cestodes in vitro 11. Immunobiology of cestodes References Index.
Herbage intake and milk production by grazing dairy cows. 3. The effect of grazing severity under continuous stocking

The effects of severity of grazing on the herbage intake and milk production of continuously stocked British Friesian cows calving in February–March were examined in three experiments conducted in the years 1976–78 (experiments 1–3 respectively) using a put-and-take technique. In experiment 1 four grazing severities were imposed by maintaining swards with different herbage masses (2500, 3000, 3500, 4000 kg OM ha-1); in experiments 2 and 3 there were two severities of grazing maintained by keeping swards canopies at constant heights of 5 and 7 cm (experiment 2) and 5 and 7·2 cm (experiment 3). Cows were reallocated to treatment every 8 weeks in experiments 1 and 2 and there were three periods, whereas they all grazed throughout a 23-week period on the same treatment in the final trial. A decrease in the quantity of herbage on offer or in sward height reduced herbage intake and milk production in all experiments. Mean daily herbage OM intakes were 11·2, 12·2, 12·2 and 12·2 kg respectively in experiment 1, 12·2 and 13·2 kg respectively in experiment 2 and 12·2 and 152 kg respectively in experiment 3. Mean daily solids–corrected milk yields were 14·2, 15·2, 15·2 and 16·2 kg respectively in experiment 1, 14·2 and 16·2 kg respectively in experiment 2 and 12·2 and 17·2 kg respectively in experiment 3. It was apparent from the data obtained in the first two trials that grazing at a sward canopy height of 7 rather than 9 cm had little effect, but that at 5 cm there were significant depressions in both herbage intake and milk production. Milk yield was depressed to a greater extent when cows were kept on the same treatment for the whole season.
AN AUTOMATIC LEXICON WITH EXCEPTIONAL-NEGATION ALGORITHM FOR ARABIC SENTIMENTS USING SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION

Sentiment analysis is a kind of natural language processing that determines the feelings of people in a piece of text they are positive, negative, or neutral. Analysis of Arabic sentiments is considered a complex task due to the large linguistic and negation terms in Arabic language. Most recent researches are based on detecting the polarity term after the negation particle immediately. This can reduce the accuracy and performance of the analysis because many sentiments especially written in slang Arabic do not depend on having a negation particle before the polarity term. The aim of this paper is to develop a hybrid sentiment classification based on automatic lexicon algorithm and machine learning approach. The automatic lexicon is developed with a negation algorithm for both modern standard Arabic and colloquial Arabic. This algorithm detects the negation particle and traces all polarity terms even if they do not come after the negation particle. An exceptional negation is embedded into the negation algorithm which is based on the Arabic exceptional pattern in reversing the polarity term after the negation process. The experimental results are conducted using supervised machine learning methods such as SVM, KNN and NB that achieve high results in accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure which are compared with the experimental results in three recent research papers.
First breeding records of Nonggang Babbler (Stachyris nonggangensis) in a limestone area in southern China

Abstract We present the first breeding records of Nonggang Babbler (Stachyris nonggangensis), a newly described bird species found in the limestone area of southwestern Guangxi, in southern China in 2008. The records presented here include information on behavior, nest, egg, incubation, and reproductive success rate. We discovered six nests (including three active nests) through systematic checking and radio tracking. Most Nonggang Babblers were found to begin foraging in pairs (male and female) from mid to late March. They build their nests in April. The nests were placed in cavities in a limestone cliff or on a massive rock located on the mountainside at altitudes ranging from 206–323 m. The nests were made of aerial roots, leaves, twigs, and soft grasses. Nonggang Babblers would lay 4–5 pure white eggs with an average fresh weight of 4.80 ± 0.11 g. Female Nonggang Babblers would spend 74.5 ± 5.0% of the day incubating their eggs, and the incubation period would last >18 days. We propose that Nonggang Babblers could prolong the incubation period and reduce foraging time to enhance the survival rate of fledglings. The high nest predation rate is an important limiting factor for the population growth of Nonggang Babblers.