Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Évolution moléculaire : un modèle Markov-modulé pour les processus de substitution

Time-continuous Markovian process are widely used to understand the mechanism of nucleotidic acids and proteins evolution along phylogeny. Already existing probabilistic models based on such hypothesis are designed to satisfy the non-homogeneity of functional and environmental constraints acting across those biological sequences. Recently, Markov-modulated models have been introduced to describe site-specific temporal rate variation (heterotachy). Moreover, studies have demonstrated that not only strength but also the nature of the constraint acting on a specific site can vary over time. Here we propose to accommodate this evolutionary reality with a Markov-modulated model for proteins under which sites are authorized to change their amino acids propensities across time. Posterior estimation of the stochastic kernel hidden parameters with Monte Carlo methods is a challenging approach that we partially overcome with parallel computing. Fine-tuning are otherwise planned to accelerate convergence toward the target posterior stationnary distribution. Qualitatively, our model seems to be able to capture temporal heterogeneity from real sequences data sets whose evolutionary history is assumed to be rich in substitutional switch events. Furthermore, evaluation of the model performance suggest that he provides a better fit to the data set than the time-homogeneous equivalent model. Nonetheless, substitutional histories sampled from the posterior distribution are quite noisy and remain difficult to interpret biologically.
PRELIMINARY INTERPRETATION OF DETERMINED MOVEMENTS OF KSIA AND KSI1 GPS STATIONS IN CONTEXT OF COLLECTED INFORMATION ABOUT ŚWIEBODZICE TROUGH TECTONICS

The new contribution is continuation and extension of the investigations associated with GPS permanent station of the Geodynamic Laboratory in Ksiąz (LG), which were published in Acta Geodynamica et. Geomaterialia (Zdunek, 2012). The GPS Station in Ksiąz (KSIA) was established in 2010 to support our investigations of recent tectonic activity of Świebodzice Depression. After two years long epoch of very weak tectonic signals, the instruments of LG observed the following epoch of tectonic activity, which was manifested by strong effects of tiltings and vertical motions of foundation. Strong irregular non-tidal signals, registered after 2009, show that the tectonic components changed their characteristics in time as well as in amplitudes domains. On the basis of results of 3 years long GPS data series we determined velocity vector of KSIA station and it was compared with velocity vectors of selected reference stations. Those stations are located in different azimuths and different distances from the KSIA station and are established on different tectonic units. Velocities of all selected GPS stations were compared with velocities obtained from other solutions and with vectors calculated on the basis of existing geodynamic and satellite models of tectonic plates. On account of further interpretation, in the underground, the geodetic network was established in order to determine trends and dips of recognized faults in the LG corridors. Some of the faults manifest contemporary activity. The results of 3 years long GPS data elaboration show different displacements of the Świebodzice Depression, Ksiąz unit in relation to selected GPS stations. Significant deformation of the Pelcznica river meander, geological indicators such as trends and dips of faults as well as kinematic models of deformations of Ksiąz massif indicate possible interpretation of the reasons of differences of KSIA GPS station displacements. The obtained results suggest directions and methods of further research of tectonic activity using new measurement technics and technologies applied inside and outside the Laboratory. ARTICLE INFO
Musings from the Deliberation Room: The Impact of Humor on Juror Decision Making

DiD you hear the one about the priest, the rabbi and the trial consultant? Just kidding. I believe it was Winston Churchill who said: “Humor is a very serious thing. ” The very nature of humor is that it is misunderstood more often than not. This makes humor a proverbial two edged sword – it can slice through the toughest of situations to your advantage, or cut sharply against you. This goes for the courtroom experience as well. Research shows that successful humor boosts both likeability and group effectiveness. According to Michelle Gielan, an expert in positive psychology and cofounder of the Institute for Applied Positive Research, when something makes us smile or laugh, the feel-good chemical dopamine is dropped into our systems, which turns on all the learning centers in the brain and heightens creativity, productivity and engagement. Similarly, Anthony Pascosolido, a management and organizational behavior professor at the University of New Hampshire, believes that humor can serve to facilitate trust among strangers, ease tension and establish a sense of group cohesion. In his research, he found that effective humor provides a sense of “psychological safety” that helps manage emotions and makes group members more willing to accept challenging goals (Pascosolido, 2002). Using humor also increases attentiveness and persuasiveness. For a leader (or a foreperson), it helps people relate by breaking down power structures and equalizing individuals. That said, it is easy to see how these concepts might translate to the courtroom. This article is a look at how juror decision making is affected by humor and how understanding and recognizing various humor styles can help both trial consultants and attorneys get a leg up on opposing counsel. Before turning our attention to those issues, let us first look at how humor has been conceptualized.
Spatial Modulation Technique For Filtered-OFDM Based Wireless Transmission

In this paper, a spatial modulation (SM) which provides no synchronization between the transmitting antennas and avoids inter-channel interference (ICI) at the receiver input while maintaining high spectral efficiency is applied to filtered-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) transmission. The SM technique maps a block of information bits into two information carrying units, namely, a symbol chosen from a signal constellation diagram and a unique antenna number selected from the set of transmit antennas. Therefore, for F-OFDM wireless transmission, each subcarrier within the subband is mapped to one of the transmitting antennas. During wireless data transmission, there is only one active antenna transmitting power on that subcarrier at an instant of time and the rest of the antennas remains silent (zero power). At the receiver, a maximum-likelihood (ML) detector recovers the transmitted block of information bits by estimating the transmitted signal and the respective transmit antenna number. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using numerical results.
Specific mitochondrial biogenesis patterns drive nutrient choice in breast cancer subtypes

Transformed cells undergo profound reprogramming of cellular metabolism to ensure high rate of proliferation (Hanahan D, 2011). Mitochondria are important for both bioenergetics and biosynthetic pathways, which have to be coordinated. Different cancer types heterogeneously express mitochondrial genes likely reflecting the existence of different mitochondrial pathways providing adaptation to altered needs of cancer cell metabolism. In this work we explored this hypothesis in breast cancer. Breast cancer is heterogeneous disease classified according to diverse clinical and pathological features, histochemical markers and oncogenic transcriptional programs, that identify five breast cancer subtypes (basal-like, Her2-enriched, Luminal A, Luminal B and normal-like) (Sorlie T et al., 2001; Perou CM et al., 2000). So far, the mitochondrial transcriptional patterns were not considered as a basis of classification. In this work we define for the first time breast cancer Mitochondrial Tumour Subtypes (MTSs), upper fork (UF) and lower fork (LF), according to their nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transcription profile. UF and LF are characterised by two groups of mitochondrial genes co-regulated in opposite way. The classification was performed applying the MCbiclust algorithm (Bentham et al., 2016, preprint) to a mitochondrial gene set (MitoCarta, Pagliarini et al., 2008). The experimental characterisation of UF and LF revealed distinct bioenergetics and metabolic features. Interestingly, in basal condition UF has higher mitochondrial content, characterised by higher expression of CI and CIV resulting in higher respiration rate. At cellular level metabolism, UF and LF revealed different arrangement of metabolic enzymes belonging to particular pathways of the intermediate metabolism, UF cells express enzymes of which substrates are glucose-derived, whereas LF cells preferentially use enzymes exploiting glutamine-derived substrates. Moreover, metabolic flux analysis confirmed the substrate preference driven by the MTSs to feed into the TCA cycle, in particular UF cells mitochondria prefer glucose derived pyruvate while LF mitochondria catabolise glutamine. In addition, experiments in restricted nutrient conditions were carried out. These further confirmed which is the substrate preferentially used by MTSs to sustain cell functionality. Moreover, the same experiments also revealed the activation of different mitochondrial biogenesis programs during deprivation treatments, both looking at mitochondrial protein expression and mtDNA content. Overall, the mitochondrial biogenesis pattern associated with the MTSs drives nutrient choice and metabolic program, leading to a definition of the concept of substrate preference, new insight in the field of reprogramming of bioenergetics and cancer metabolism.
Coupling mechanisms for a heterogeneous silicon nanowire platform

We discuss different mechanisms for coupling light from nanophotonic silicon waveguides to different types of materials added on top of these waveguides for enhancing the functionality of these waveguides. We consider diffractive coupling, evanescent coupling, adiabatic coupling and coupling to an overlay and illustrate these with recent experimental and modelling results.
A study on turbo decoding iterative algorithms

In the paper, a study of some turbo decoding iterative algorithms: MAP, MaxLogMAP, LogMAP, is presented. For the correction of the approximation used in the MAxLogMAP algorithm two methods are proposed obtaining two LogMAP algorithm variants. All algorithms variants have been simulated to make possible a comparison from the bit error rate (BER) point of view, in order to provide an optimization for each algorithm. The simulations were made for AWGN channel. Two component codes with generator matrix: G1 =(1, 5/7) and two interleaver types: pseudo-random (1) and S- interleaver (S=29) are used. The interleaving length is N=1784. The number of emitted blocks in one simulation depends of signal to noise ration, SNR, to obtain a good precision of resulted curve.
A New Algorithm of Automatic Image Segmentation Based on PCNN

Pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) has a difficult problem to determine the parameters, mainly based on artificial experience. We propose an automatic image segmentation method based on PCNN, which is combining with dynamic threshold and global threshold, reducing manual intervention, realizes the adaptive parameter setting. Finally, the experimental segmentation result of lots of gray images show that the method proposed in this paper can not only achieve automatic image segmentation, but also has strong adaptability.
Experimental Examination of Behavior in a Sequential versus Simultaneous Trust Game

We conduct an experiment to examine the strategic use of trust in an environment similar to Berg, Dickhaut, and McCabe (1995) investment game. The environment differs in that the second mover is restricted to the binary choice of returning half of the tripled amount (fair split) or zero (selfish split). We use the theory of guilt aversion to explain the behavior in strategic and non-strategic environments represented by playing the game sequentially and simultaneously respectively. We find that in the sequential treatment first movers invest significantly more than when the transfer decisions are conducted simultaneously. Moreover, in line with the theoretical prediction, 91% of subjects who invested the entire endowment received half of the surplus. On the other hand only 5% of subjects who invested anything less than the entire endowment received half. In the simultaneous treatment the proportions yield 11.1% and 32.1% respectively. These allocations along with the beliefs collected in a salient manner are consistent with the predictions of guilt aversion.
A Semantic Tag Stock For Content-oriented Image Annotation

it is fundamental and crucial to describe digital images reasonably and effectively for image applications. In this paper, we will briefly discuss some important issues about image annotation and then present a semantic tag stock in details. The tag stock is designed to support content-oriented image annotation system with tagging technique. It has been put into practice in a large-scale image application system, and it is demonstrated to be effective and worthy of spreading.
trackswitch.js: A Versatile Web-Based Audio Player for Presenting Scientific Results

trackswitch.js is a versatile web-based audio player that enables researchers to conveniently present examples and results from scientific audio processing applications. Based on a multitrack architecture, trackswitch.js allows a listener to seamlessly switch between multiple audio tracks, while synchronously indicating the playback position within images associated to the audio tracks. These images may correspond to feature representations such as spectrograms or to visualizations of annotations such as structural boundaries or musical note information. The provided switching and playback functionalities are simple yet useful tools for analyzing, navigating, understanding, and evaluating results obtained from audio processing algorithms. Furthermore, trackswitch.js is an easily extendible and manageable software tool, designed for non-expert developers and unexperienced users. O↵ering a small but useful selection of options and buttons, trackswitch.js requires only basic knowledge to implement a versatile range of components for web-based audio demonstrators and user interfaces. Besides introducing the underlying techniques and the main functionalities of trackswitch.js we provide several use cases that indicate the flexibility and usability of our software for di↵erent audiorelated research areas.
Field testing the ability of a query to predict late-winter habitat use by mule deer in Supply Block F, Prince George Forest District

One of the goals of the new Forest and Range Practices Act (FRPA) of British Columbia is to ensure that forest cover and forage will be conserved over an area necessary for winter survival of ungulate species, recognizing regional variance in the ecology of the ungulate species. This study assessed the ability of a query to predict late-winter habitat use by mule deer (
Circularly-polarised high gain cavity antenna based on sequentially rotated phase feeding

ELECT A Fabry-Pérot cavity (FPC) array antenna providing both very high gain and circularly-polarised (CP) behaviour is proposed. To increase antenna gain and to obtain the CP characteristic, a superstrate is introduced above 2 × 2 feeding microstrip patch antennas (MPAs), which converts linearly-polarised (LP) incident waves to CP waves. Input phase difference between MPAs is designed to be exactly 90° to generate the high-quality CP characteristic in cooperation with the superstrate. By using the FPC, very high gain can be obtained with only a small number of feeders, which also provides another advantage of low mutual coupling among the neighbouring MPAs. Although the proposed antenna is very simple in its structure, it readily provides very high gain, high-quality CP property and very low axial ratio in a wide frequency range, which are great advantages compared with conventional CP antennas.
Determination of Chemical and Physical Properties for Seeds and Oils of Some Different Oleic and Linoleic Sunflower Types

Chemical and physical properties of six different sunflowers of high oleic and linoleic cultivars and their extracted oils were determined. For each seed cultivar, there were determined thousand-grain weight, test weight, moisture and ash. Oil content ranged from 36.28 to 43.01 %. Predominant fatty acids in oils extracted from high oleic types were oleic acid from 69.44 to 87.23 % and linoleic acid content from 44.05 to 52.93 % for linoleic types. The total phenol content (TPC) of the oils ranged from 35 to 66 mg 100 g-1 of oil for oleic cultivars and from 24 to 87 mg 100 g-1 of oil for linoleic cultivars. Non-parametric mann-whitney test was performed to the TPC data and asymptotic significance value was determined as 0.690, so significant differences were not determined between oleic and linoleic types. According to the IC50 value, LG5400 had the highest was significantly different from others. It was also observed a significant difference for refractive index and iodine value and no significant difference for saponification values between oils. The study showed characterization for different types of seed oil that has made it possible to comment on industrial quality.
Propagation of thermal waves in multilayered spheres

In the last years there has been a growing interest in the application of photothermal techniques to samples with nonflat surfaces, in particular cylinders and spheres. In this work the surface temperature oscillation of multilayered spherical samples which are heated by a modulated light beam is calculated by using the quadrupole method. Several illumination geometries have been studied. Moreover, the lack of adherence between layers, as well as heat losses at the surface, has been considered in the model. This theoretical approach allows photothermal techniques to be used to characterize the thermal properties of spherical samples with continuously varying in-depth thermal conductivity.
The Norwegian policy to reduce health inequalities: key challenges

The Norwegian strategy for reducing health inequalities from 2007 has been recognised as one of the most ambitious and encompassing in Europe. By proposing action on the social determinants of health, such as income structure, employment opportunities and affordable child-care, the strategy was able to approach the entire social gradient rather than just the socially disadvantaged. In this article, we present the main features of the health equity strategy, and discuss possible obstacles to a successful implementation and a prolonged commitment to reducing health inequalities in Norway. We raise three major concerns: 1) a stubborn fundamental inequality structure, 2) a lack of focus on the gradient in the implementation of cross-sectoral reforms and 3) a possible re-orientation of policy away from redistribution and universalism.
Analysis of the Influence of Di fferent Real Flow Effects on CFD Boundary Conditions Based on the MoC

Nowadays, turbocharged internal combustion engines (ICEs ) are very common in automotive powerplants, monopolizing the Diesel sector and having a st e dily increasing percentage in the gasoline one. In this frame, the interest in modeling the beh avior of the turbomachinery components involved, with the ultimate goal of characterizing th e performance of the turbocharged ICE, seems clear. A turbomachine can be simulated using 3D-CFD so ftware, but its computational cost does not allow to reproduce the whole turbocharger test ig. Moreover, the existence of long ducts requires a considerable computational time until the pressure reflections at the boundaries dissipate in order to reach a periodic solution. The use of non-reflecting boundary conditions reduces the ne eded length of ducts without introducing spurious wave reflections. An anechoic boundary c ondition (BC) based on the Method of Characteristics has been previously developed, conside ring the case of an inviscid and adiabatic 1D flow of a perfect gas. However, real flows do not behave in such ideal manner. In this paper, the extension of the scope of the previous BC is sought . In this way, a methodology to evaluate the performance of the anechoic BC under these real flow situations is shown. The consideration of ideal gas instead of perfect gas, the flow visco sity and the non-homentropic flow makes it necessary to modify the Method of Characteristics, since the Riemann Invariants are not constant any more. In this frame they are referred to as Ri emann Variables. An additional issue that has been considered is the e ff ct of swirl flow, as the one in the turbine outlet, on the anechoic BC. Some improvements to be implemented in the BC ar e proposed in order to have a better performance in these real flow situations.
Evaluation of fermenting grape must yeast dynamics by SSCP profiles

Alcoholic fermentation of grape must is a dynamic process involving diverse yeast populations which play an important role in wine characteristics. In order to enable a permanent control by the oenologist rapid and low cost methodologies to identify the species of yeasts present during fermentation should be implemented. Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism technique (SSCP), targeting D1 and D2 domains of 26S rDNA, was tested to differentiate wine yeast species. SSCP profi les were produced for 17 collection strains belonging to 15 different wine related yeast species. The technique was further investigated for the identifi cation of yeasts inoculated to sterile grape must as single or in mixtures of two different species. Identical SSCP profi les were obtained from yeasts grown in grape must and in conventional growth media. SSCP allowed obtaining species specifi c bands, and SSPC profi les from grape must inoculated with mixtures of two strains revealed the presence of specifi c bands of both species. Direct SSCP yeast analysis of a spontaneous fermenting must carried out after 48 and 192 h of fermentation, enabled to compare the yeast community at two different periods of fermentation. SSCP profi les showed the presence of bands from species associated with the beginning and the end of fermentation, respectively at 48 and 192 h of fermentation. We conclude that SSCP is a quite promising methodology to monitor yeast populations present during grape must fermentation, which revealed to be easy to implement and low-priced
Improving in-service teacher educators’ competences through design-based research

Experiences shows that the knowledge of species among teacher students has decreased the last twenty years, and recent research from different parts of the world shows the same: The knowledge of species is decreasing. As an introduction to their science teacher education 39 students followed a course over seven weeks, where they learned more about plant and animal species in three different biotopes: forest, mountain and freshwater. The students replied to a questionnaire five weeks after the course. Both the three days field course and making their own collection of different plants and animals had great positive impact on the students learning of species. The students expressed that the practical work with plants and animals has increased their interest in science, will have positive impact on their work as science teachers and has increased their pleasure to be out in nature. The author ask for a discussion about species knowledge, biodiversity and field work in teacher education.