Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deletion of Loss-of-Function-Intolerant Genes and Risk of 5 Psychiatric Disorders.

Deletion of Loss-of-Function–Intolerant Genes and Risk of 5 Psychiatric Disorders Copynumber variants (CNVs) are key etiological contributors to neuropsychiatric disorders. Most psychiatric CNV studies have focused on several dozen loci, collectively comprising less than 2% of the genome, where CNVs spontaneously recur sufficiently often to have individually detectable psychiatric associations.Wehypothesized thatknowledgeofgene function could guide the search fornonrecurrentCNVs across the remaining 98%. Specifically, probability of loss-of-function intolerance (pLI) and loss-of-function observed/expected upper bound fraction (LOEUF), 2 geneSupplemental content
Toward a No-Reference Quality Metric for Camera-Captured Images

Existing no-reference (NR) image quality assessment (IQA) metrics are still not convincing for evaluating the quality of the camera-captured images. Toward tackling this issue, we, in this article, establish a novel NR quality metric for quantifying the quality of the camera-captured images reliably. Since the image quality is hierarchically perceived from the low-level preliminary visual perception to the high-level semantic comprehension in the human brain, in our proposed metric, we characterize the image quality by exploiting both the low-level image properties and the high-level semantics of the image. Specifically, we extract a series of low-level features to characterize the fundamental image properties, including the brightness, saturation, contrast, noiseness, sharpness, and naturalness, which are highly indicative of the camera-captured image quality. Correspondingly, the high-level features are designed to characterize the semantics of the image. The low-level and high-level perceptual features play complementary roles in measuring the image quality. To infer the image quality, we employ the support vector regression (SVR) to map all the informative features to a single quality score. Thorough tests conducted on two standard camera-captured image databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed quality metric in assessing the image quality and its superiority over the state-of-the-art NR quality metrics. The source code of the proposed metric for camera-captured images is released at https://github.com/YT2015? tab=repositories.
Effect of Nominal Chip Thickness on Stability of Interrupted Turning

A new dynamic cutting force model with nominal chip thickness is presented for predicting the stability of interrupted turning, in where the dynamical cutting force is defined by a function of nominal chip thickness and dynamical chip thickness. The stability lobes of interrupted turning are obtained based on full-discretization method and Floquet theory. Both numerical and experimental tests demonstrate that there is a strong correlation between the nominal chip thickness and the interrupted turning stability, and the proposed model is proved effective for the interrupted turning process.
Plasma microRNA Interindividual Variability in Healthy Individuals, Pregnant Women, and an Individual with a Stably Altered Neuroendocrine Phenotype.

BACKGROUND Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) in biofluids are amenable to quantitative analysis and proposed as noninvasive biomarkers for monitoring organ function. Cell-lineage-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are present in plasma as soluble ribonucleoproteins or enclosed in exRNA carriers and transported through the vasculature. However, more extensive studies of healthy individuals are needed to gain insights into the variability of plasma miRNA abundance and composition. METHODS The exRNA composition of platelet-depleted plasma collected twice from 236 healthy individuals was characterized by small RNA sequencing. Plasma of pregnant women featuring dramatically increased placental miRNAs and samples from subject P12 with noticeably increased epithelial- and neuroendocrine-origin miRNAs were included for comparison. The miRNA content of 10 000g and 100 000g pellet fractions of plasma generated by ultracentrifugation was also determined. Data analysis methods included Pearson correlation, differential gene expression, and unsupervised clustering. RESULTS The abundance changes for more variable miRNAs in plasma of normal individuals correlated between coexpressed cell-lineage-specific miRNAs of the liver, neuroendocrine organs, epithelial cells, and muscle. ExRNA of pellet fractions contained <2% of total plasma miRNA with modest enrichment of lineage-specific and variable miRNAs compared to supernatant. The abundance fold changes of miRNAs observed in pregnancy and P12 compared to normal exceeded interquartile variability of healthy individuals. The neuroendocrine miRNA signature of P12 persisted for more than 4 years and was absent in other individuals. CONCLUSIONS This study defines the framework and effect size for screening of extensive plasma collections for miRNA phenotypes and biomarker discovery.
Low power radiation tolerant VLSI for advanced spacecraft

The combination of two synergistic VLSI technologies, ultra low power CMOS and radiation tolerant by design, offers an opportunity to provide advanced electronics capabilities for future spacecraft. The 500 mV CMOS process can yield orders of magnitude power reduction compared to current space-flight technologies and the radiation tolerance provides immunity against single event latch-up, good single event upset resistance and total ionizing dose immunity of at least 200 krads(Si). A study based on the EO-1 spacecraft requirements indicates that the use of these technologies could provide spacecraft power savings of 73% and total mass savings of 16%.
Learning of feature points without additional supervision improves reinforcement learning from images

—In many control problems that include vision, opti- mal controls can be inferred from the location of the objects in the scene. This information can be represented using feature points, which is a list of spatial locations in learned feature maps of an input image. Previous works show that feature points learned us- ing unsupervised pre-training or human supervision can provide good features for control tasks. In this paper, we show that it is possible to learn efﬁcient feature point representations end-to-end, without the need for unsupervised pre-training, decoders, or additional losses. Our proposed architecture consists of a differentiable feature point extractor that feeds the coordinates of the estimated feature points directly to a soft actor-critic agent. The proposed algorithm yields performance competitive to the state-of-the art on DeepMind Control Suite tasks.
Learning From Human Directional Corrections

This article proposes a novel approach that enables a robot to learn an objective function incrementally from human directional corrections. Existing methods learn from human magnitude corrections; since a human needs to carefully choose the magnitude of each correction, those methods can easily lead to overcorrections and learning inefficiency. The proposed method only requires human directional corrections—corrections that only indicate the direction of an input change without indicating its magnitude. We only assume that each correction, regardless of its magnitude, points in a direction that improves the robot's current motion relative to an unknown objective function. The allowable corrections satisfying this assumption account for half of the input space, as opposed to the magnitude corrections that have to lie in a shrinking level set. For each directional correction, the proposed method updates the estimate of the objective function based on a cutting plane method, which has a geometric interpretation. We have established theoretical results to show the convergence of the learning process. The proposed method has been tested in numerical examples, a user study on two human–robot games, and a real-world quadrotor experiment. The results confirm the convergence of the proposed method and further show that the method is significantly more effective (higher success rate), efficient/effortless (less human corrections needed), and potentially more accessible (fewer early wasted trials) than the state-of-the-art robot learning frameworks.
A comparison of coal mine reclamation seed mixes in Kentucky: implications for grassland establishment in Appalachia

With approximately 450,000 hectares of mine land pending reclamation, surface coal mines present an opportunity for large-scale grassland establishment to benefit wildlife. Herein, an alternative reclamation technique is presented that encourages a transition from typical reclamation to wildlife-friendly reclamation. Efficacy of typical, wildlife-friendly and hybrid seed mixes was compared and results indicate that wildlife-friendly mixes met vegetative cover requirements for reclamation in Kentucky. Results demonstrate that alternative methods to typical reclamation have potential to establish large areas of grassland habitat in Appalachian coal regions. Partnerships among mining companies, oversight entities and resource managers are needed to facilitate a transition to wildlife-friendly reclamation.
Measurements in the wake of a ventilated hydrofoil: a step towards improved turbine aeration techniques

The purpose of this study is to develop the necessary algorithms to determine the bubble size distribution and velocity in the wake of a ventilated or cavitating hydrofoil utilizing background illumination. A simplified experiment was carried out to validate the automatic bubble detection algorithm at the Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory (SAFL) of the University of Minnesota. The experiment was conducted in the SAFL high-speed water tunnel. First, particle shadow velocimetry (PSV) images of a bubbly flow were collected. Bubbles were identified in the images using an edge detection method based on the Canny algorithm. The utilized algorithm was designed to detect partly overlapping bubbles and reconstruct missing parts. After all images were analyzed, the bubble velocity was determined by applying a tracking algorithm. This study has shown that the algorithm enables reliable analysis of irregularly shaped bubbles even when bubbles are highly overlapped in the wake of the ventilated hydrofoil. It is expected that this technique can be used to determine the bubble velocity field as well as the bubble size distributions.
The management of glaucoma in cats and dogs to include medical and surgical intervention

Abstract Glaucoma is a progressive disease and is very challenging to manage. The disease results in an elevated intra-ocular pressure and unfortunately in cases that are uncontrolled there will be a loss of vision. Eventually, in order to maintain the patient’s comfort levels, we may need to enucleate the glaucomatous eye/s. There are various aspects to consider when managing these cases to include owner expectation and support, pain management, medical and surgical intervention and blindness. This article will discuss the causes of glaucoma and what we can do to maintain vision for as long as possible.
Flow Coefficients of Doorway Flow Field in Two-room Building Fires

Abstract In the case of a fire of two-room’s enclosure, the inflow and outflow mass rates through the doorway located between a burnroom and an adjacent room have been researched. The objective of this study are to calculate the flow rates through the doorwayof the burn room, to study the inflow and outflow coefficients of the doorway, and accurately to predict the neutral-plane heightfrom the floor of the room in the stratified fire cases of the two-room’s enclosure. The inflow and outflow mass rates are analyzedby FDS developed by the National Institute of Standard and Technology, USA. The analyzed results by FDS are compared withthe experimental results performed by Nakaya et al. By our study it is known that the flow coefficients vary according to fire sizeand opening configuration and the mean values of the inflow and outflow coefficients are 0.8 and 1.0 respectively.Key words : Neutral-plane height, Flow coefficient, Doorway, CFD 요지 방이 두 개인 경우의 화재에서 화재실과 인접한 실 사이에 위치한 문을 통하여 들어오고, 나가는 질량유량들에 대하여 연구가 되어 오고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 화재실의 문을 통한 유량을 계산하고, 그 문에 대한 흡입 및 송출 유량계수들을 연구하고, 나아가서 2개의 방을 가진 밀폐공간 화재에서 실의 바닥으로부터 중성대의 높이를 정확히 예측하는데 있다. 미국의 국립표준기술국에 의해 개발된 FDS 소프트웨어에 의해 흡입 및 송출 유량을 해석하였다. FDS에 의해 해석된 결과들은 Nakaya 등에 의해 수행된 실험결과들과 비교하였다. 본 연구에 의해 흐름계수들은 화재의 크기와 문의 모양에 따라 변하고, 흡입 및 송출 유량계수의 평균값은 각각 0.8과 1.0임을 알 수 있다. 핵심용어 : 중성대 높이, 흐름계수, 문, 전산유체역학······························································································································· ···································································································
Machine Learning Approach For Classification of DHCP DoS Attacks in NIDS

Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is used to detect anomalous activities that occur in the network, whether the activity arises from outside or from inside. An extensive amount of studies have been done in the domain of NIDS using Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Reinforcement Learning based techniques on publicly available datasets. The main problem lies in publicly available datasets as the datasets are un-realistic and too general for real-life events and attacks and thus the models trained may produce better results during the training and testing phase but once it is deployed in the real network, most of the attacks may go undetected. This research focuses on a specific protocol “Dynamic Host Control Protocol” which is enabled in most of networks whether the network is small, medium or large. In this research, DHCP specific dataset was generated and trained with different classifiers to analyze their performance. Random Forest classifier presented better results among other classifiers.
Do you smell it too? Towards Bad Smells in IEC 61499 Applications

Bad Smells are certain suboptimal structures or patterns in software. They can cause maintenance issues and hinder understandability. Therefore, it is essential to avoid Bad Smells in software. While the topic is well researched in other fields, it is still an open issue in industrial automation. In this work, we are taking a step towards closing that gap and propose a catalog of IEC 61499 Bad Smells.
Interaction of cavitation bubbles with the interface of two immiscible fluids on multiple time scales

Abstract We experimentally, numerically and theoretically investigate the nonlinear interaction between a cavitation bubble and the interface of two immiscible fluids (oil and water) on multiple time scales. The underwater electric discharge method is utilized to generate a cavitation bubble near or at the interface. Both the bubble dynamics on a short time scale and the interface evolution on a much longer time scale are recorded via high-speed photography. Two mechanisms are found to contribute to the fluid mixing in our system. First, when a bubble is initiated in the oil phase or at the interface, an inertia-dominated high-speed liquid jet generated from the collapsing bubble penetrates the water–oil interface, and consequently transports fine oil droplets into the water. The critical standoff parameter for jet penetration is found to be highly dependent on the density ratio of the two fluids. Furthermore, the pinch-off of an interface jet produced long after the bubble dynamics stage is reckoned as the second mechanism, carrying water droplets into the oil bulk. The dependence of the bubble jetting behaviours and interface jet dynamics on the governing parameters is systematically studied via experiments and boundary integral simulations. Particularly, we quantitatively demonstrate the respective roles of surface tension and viscosity in interface jet dynamics. As for a bubble initiated at the interface, an extended Rayleigh–Plesset model is proposed that well predicts the asymmetric dynamics of the bubble, which accounts for a faster contraction of the bubble top and a downward liquid jet.
Toward augmented control systems

We describe research toward building control systems that include a complex, multi-state model of the driver's behavior. This can allow us to create a control system that augments, rather than replaces, the driver. To accomplish this requires inferring the internal state of the driver (preparing to brake, turn, etc.), and then correctly adapting the remainder of the control system to achieve optimal performance.
Epistasis is not a strong constraint on the recurrent evolution of toxin-resistant Na+,K+-ATPases among tetrapods

Comparative genomic studies reveal a global decline in rates of convergent amino acid substitution as a function of evolutionary distance. This pattern has been attributed to epistatic constraints on protein evolution, the idea being that mutations tend to confer the same fitness effects on more similar genetic backgrounds, so convergent substitutions are more likely to occur in closely related species. However, this hypothesis lacks experimental validation. We tested this model in the context of the recurrent evolution of resistance to cardiotonic steroids (CTS) across diverse groups of tetrapods, which occurs via specific amino acid substitutions to the α-subunit family of Na+,K+-ATPases (ATP1A). After identifying a series of recurrent substitutions at two key sites of ATP1A1 predicted to confer CTS resistance, we performed protein engineering experiments to test the functional consequences of introducing these substitutions onto divergent species backgrounds. While we find that substitutions at these sites can have substantial background-dependent effects on CTS resistance, we also find no evidence for background-dependent effects on protein activity. We further show that the magnitude of a substitution’s effect on activity does not depend on the overall extent of ATP1A1 sequence divergence between species. More generally, a global analysis of substitution patterns across ATP1A orthologs and paralogs reveals that the probability of convergent substitution protein-wide is not predicted by sequence divergence. Together, these findings suggest that intramolecular epistasis is not an important constraint on the evolution of ATP1A CTS resistance in tetrapods.Individual amino acid residues within a protein work in concert to produce a functionally coherent structure that must be maintained even as orthologous proteins in different species diverge over time. Given this dependence, we expect identical mutations to have more similar effects on protein function in more closely related species. We tested this hypothesis by performing protein-engineering experiments on ATP1A, an enzyme mediating target-site insensitivity to cardiotonic steroids (CTS) in diverse animals. These experiments reveal that although the phenotypic effects of substitutions can sometimes be background-dependent, the magnitude of these effects does not correlate with ATP1A1 sequence divergence. This implies that the genetic background across the ATP1A protein does not strongly limit the evolution of CTS resistance in animals.
The VINE complex is a VPS9-domain GEF-containing SNX-BAR coat involved in endosomal sorting

Membrane trafficking pathways perform important roles in establishing and maintaining the endolysosomal network. Retrograde protein sorting from the endosome is promoted by conserved SNX-BAR-containing coat complexes including retromer which enrich cargo at tubular microdomains and generate transport carriers. In metazoans, retromer cooperates with VARP, a conserved VPS9-domain GEF, to direct an endosomal recycling pathway. The function of the yeast VARP homolog Vrl1 has been overlooked due an inactivating mutation in commonly studied strains. Here, we demonstrate that Vrl1 has features of a SNX-BAR coat protein and forms an obligate complex with Vin1, the paralog of the retromer SNX-BAR protein Vps5. Unique features in the Vin1 N-terminus allow Vrl1 to distinguish it from Vps5, thereby forming what we have named the VINE complex. VINE occupies endosomal tubules and promotes the delivery of a conserved mannose 6-phosphate receptor-like protein to the vacuolar membrane. In addition to sorting functions, membrane recruitment by Vin1 is essential for Vrl1 GEF activity, suggesting that VINE is a multifunctional coat complex that regulates trafficking and signaling events at the endosome.
Habitat Suitability modeling of Urial (Ovis orientalis arkal) in the Samelghan plain by using Maximum Entropy Method

Habitat suitability models are useful tools for a variety of wildlife management objectives. Distributions of wildlife species can be predicted for geographical areas that have not been extensively surveyed. The basis of these models’ work is to minimize the relationship between species distribution and biotic and abiotic environments. For some species, there is information about presence and absence that allows the use of a variety of standard statistical methods, however, the absence data is not available for most species. Nowadays, the methods that need presence-only data are expanded. One of these methods is the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling. The purpose of this study is to model the habitat of Urial (Ovis orientalis arkal) in the Samelghan plain in the North East of Iran with the MaxEnt method. This algorithm uses the Jackknife plot and percent contribution values to determine the significance of the variables. The results showed that variables such as southern aspects, Juniperus-Acer, Artemisia-Perennial plants, slope 0-5%, and asphalt road were the most important factors affecting the species’ habitat selection. The area under curve (AUC) Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) showed an excellent model performance. Suitable habitat was classified based on the threshold value (0.0513) and the ROC, which based on the results 28% of the area was a suitable habitat for Urial.
Measurement of the density of magnetized fusion plasma using microwave reflectometry

About 25 years have elapsed since the first measurement by a FW-CW (called fast sweeping) reflectometer of the electronic density in magnetized fusion plasma. Substituting tube sources with solid-state components has resulted in a decrease of the sweeping time from the millisecond to the microsecond range. Based on voltage control oscillators and on active frequency multipliers, four profile reflectometers covering the range 33–155 GHz are in operation on Tore-Supra tokamak. Their originality is the use of one source for the launched and reference signal, although the detection is heterodyne. Indeed, a single side band modulator shifts the launched frequency ahead of frequency multipliers. With a sweeping time comparable to the plasma turbulence characteristic time the density profile is frozen. The density profile is then reliably measured with high radial and temporal resolution.
Multi-octave phased array for circuit integration using balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna elements

A novel wide bandwidth antenna designed for use in integrated phased arrays is described. The balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna exhibits a very wide bandwidth combined with low cross polarisation and this performance is well suited for use in EW systems. Measured performance of this new antenna is compared to both the conventional Vivaldi and the antipodal Vivaldi antennas. It is shown that the new antenna has major advantages over the Vivaldi in terms of increased bandwidth capabilities and over the antipodal Vivaldi in terms of improved cross polar performance. Initial results are presented for a seven element linear array using elements made on high permittivity substrate. Analysis using the FDTD method is used for both element optimisation and to provide insight into the antenna operation.