Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership Crisis ’ and the Age of Populism in Post-apartheid South Africa

Recent developments on the South African political landscape have raised questions about the political leadership emerging in the country just over a decade after the end of apartheid. The ruling African National Congress (ANC) has largely defined the leadership fabric in the country, having grounded its political project on a moral appeal derived from the party’s role both as a leader of both the liberation movement and the transformation process in South Africa since 1994. Recent events in South Africa, though, have left the ruling party on the defensive, where the party finds it necessary to reiterate and explain itself in terms of the leadership that it stands for. The need for introspection on the part of the ANC seems to have emerged after the dismissal of its then deputy president, Jacob Zuma, as deputy president of South Africa in June 2005 due to his alleged involvement in corruption. Since his dismissal from cabinet, Zuma has been able to mobilise popular support among different ANC structures and within trade unions. This chapter examines conditions leading to the attractiveness of the populist agenda as an alternative to President Thabo Mbeki’s style of leadership in South Africa. Populism as a political project does not necessarily divert from the basic assumption of democracy. In fact, in South Africa it seems that it is clearly seen as an alternative and attractive style of politics in response to the perceived shrinkage of democracy under President Mbeki’s pro-capitalist agenda. The leadership succession battle that has engulfed the ruling ANC, as seen towards the end of Mbeki’s second term as president of South Africa, can be seen as an expression of contradictions that have emerged due to the rapid implementation of a pro-capitalist agenda amid increasing inequalities and poverty in South Africa. Further, the
Decision Support through Data Integration: Strategies to Meet the Big Data Challenge

Objectives: Presentation of an overview of the reasons why data integration initiatives should be seen as enablers for e ective decision support in data-intensive healthcare settings. Methods: Typical challenges rising from the information requirements of clinical decision support systems are high- lighted. We then propose a methodological solution where several heterogeneous data sources are integrated by the means of a common data model on top of which the DSS is built. Results: We report on two successful case studies based on the DSSs developed in the context of the MobiGuide and Mosaic projects, funded by the European Union in the Seventh Framework Program. The MobiGuide patient guidance system has been success- fully validated during a recent pilot study involving 30 pa- tients (10 with atrial brillation and 20 with gestational diabetes), while Mosaic is currently undergoing a valida- tion phase involving 1000 type 2 Diabetes patients. Conclusions: In the era of big data, e ective data integra- tion strategies are an essential need for medical informatics solutions and even more for those intended to support de- cision processes. Building generic DSSs based on a stable (but easily extensible) data model, speci cally designed to meet the information requirements of DSSs and analytics, has proven to be a successful solution in the two presented use cases.
POTENTIAL OF REFLECTED GNSS SIGNALS FOR ICE SHEET REMOTE SENSING - ABSTRACT

Earth-reflected GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals have become an attractive tool for remote sensing, e.g., ocean altimetry and scatterometric ocean wind measurements. For ice sheets, the large penetration capability and the large-scale surface averaging of the L-band signals could open a new look on firnpack characteristics like accumulation rates. In this paper we investigate theoretically reflections of GPS (Global Positioning System) signals from ice sheets. We derive a model of the reflection signal and perform simulations of airborne and spaceborne measurements. The results show that the signal, though complex, is sensitive to the roughness of the snow surface (and internal interfaces) and to firn parameters like accumulation rates. To extract valuable and concise information from the complex signal, we derive an example procedure that focusses on particular ground zones during a satellite receiver pass. The results indicate that it should be possible in principle to separately infer surface and firnpack parameters from the measurements. We conclude that GNSS reflections over ice sheets should be further persued, in particular by obtaining experimental data.
Steady-state balance conditions for molecular motor cycles and stochastic nonequilibrium processes

Molecular motors and nanomachines are considered that are coupled to exergonic processes which provide energy input to these motors and allow them to perform work. The motor dynamics is described by continuous-time Markov processes on a discrete state space, which can contain an arbitrary number of cycles consisting of two dicycles with opposite orientation. For the steady state of such a motor, the statistical entropy produced during the completion of each dicycle is expressed in terms of its transition rates. Identifying this statistical entropy with the heat released by the motor and using the first law of thermodynamics, we derive steady-state balance conditions that generalize the well-known detailed balance conditions in equilibrium. Our derivation is rather general and applies to any nonequilibrium system described as a Markov process. For molecular motors, these balance conditions depend on the external load force and can be decomposed into a zero-force and a force-dependent part.
A Test of the Renewable Resources Model of Multiple Gains and Multiple Losses

Eight choice scenarios were used to test Linville and Fischer's (1991) Renewable Resources Model, which predicts that people will prefer to separate multiple gains over time and also to separate multiple losses over time, the latter prediction being contrary to Kahneman and Tversky's (1979) Prospect Theory. The Renewable Resources Model was tested under conditions that, theoretically, should enhance the dual separation outcomes. However, in seven of the eight choice scenarios, complete reversals of these outcomes were observed B that is, the participants in the experiments preferred to combine multiple gains and to combine multiple losses. Explanations of these unexpected results were sought in differences in rating procedures and task presentation between the original study and the present study. The conclusion is that the Renewable Resources Model is not robust.
Constructing coincident indices of economic activity for the Latin American economy

This paper has three main contributions. The first is to propose an individual coincident indicator for the following Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico. In order to obtain similar series to those traditionally used in business-cycle research in constructing coincident indices (output, sales, income and employment) we were forced to back-cast several individual country series which were not available in a long time-series span. Our second contribution is to establish a chronology of recessions for these countries, covering the period from 1980 to 2010 on a monthly basis. Based on this chronology, we compare countries in several respects. Our final contribution is to propose an aggregate coincident indicator for the Latin American economy, which weights individual-country composite indices. Its behavior is then compared with the coincident indicator (The Conference Board – TCB) of the U.S. economy. We find that the U.S. indicator Granger-causes the Latin American indicator.
3D Simulation and Validation of RCL-E and MER Rover Types Mobility

Within the ESA Aurora programme for planetary exploration, powerful rovers (primarily the ExoMars rover for Mars exploration) with different capabilities will be developed. Since mobility has to be guaranteed for these rovers in rough and unknown terrain with almost fully autonomous motion planning, they need extensive all-terrain locomotion capabilities. In order to achieve a successful mission and to enhance the overall rover mobility performance, efficient modelling and simulation tools are required that predominantly cope with the wheel-soil interaction and which regard the overall rover-chassis set-up based on a multibody system (MBS) approach including all the various kinematic suspension and wheel mobility concepts for different rover types. In the field of terramechanics the interaction of a vehicle’s wheels on soft soil is investigated. Within the approach of multibody simulation of off-road vehicles the terramechanical wheel-soil module is integrated into the vehicle MBS model with a standard tyre interface. Appropriate quasi-static soil parameters coupled with dynamicand velocity-dependent soil parameters result in a dynamic MBS model based on the rheological soil model [1].
Hierarchical Organization and Inequality in an Economy with an Implicit Market for Productive Time

This paper proposes an equilibrium theory of the organization of work in an economy with an implicit market for productive time. In this economy, agents have limited productive time and can choose to produce in autarky, buy productive time from helpers to increase own production or, sell their productive time to a leader and thereby give up own production. This implicit market gives rise to the formation of teams, organized in hierarchies with one leader at the top and helpers below. We show that relative to autarky, hierarchical organization leads to higher within and between team payoffs/productivity inequality. We investigate this link empirically in the context of road cycling. We show that the rise in performance inequality in the peloton since the 1970s is merely due to a rise in within team performance inequality and consistent with a change in the hierarchical organization of teams and an increase in the helping intensity within team.
Rational O(2)-Equivariant Spectra

The category of rational O(2)-equivariant cohomology theories has an algebraic model A(O(2)), as established by work of Greenlees. That is, there is an equivalence of categories between the homotopy category of rational O(2)-equivariant spectra and the derived category of the abelian model DA(O(2)). In this paper we lift this equivalence of homotopy categories to the level of Quillen equivalences of model categories. This Quillen equivalence is also compatible with the Adams short exact sequence of the algebraic model.
A convenient and templated method for the fabrication of monodisperse micrometer hollow titania spheres

A simple and widely applicable methodology was presented to synthesize monodisperse micrometer hollow titania spheres (HTS) based on the templating method. It was performed by using the preformed poly(styrene-acrylic acid) (PSA) as template spheres which was mixed with tetrabutyltitanate (TBOT) in an ethanol solvent under steamtreatment. The HTS which were obtained by the calcination of PSA/TiO2 composite core-shell spheres had a narrow particle size distribution and commendable surface topography characterized by SEM. The calcinedHTS at 500°C displayed crystalline reflection peaks that were characteristic to the anatase phase by XRD. Moreover, some key influencing factors including TBOT concentration and reaction time were analyzed. As expected, the diameter of HTS could be readily controlled by altering the size of PSA template spheres. In addition, the approach was also applied to fabricate hollow zirconia spheres and other inorganic spheres.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Tunable Adsorption and Diffusion Properties of Hybrid ZIF790 Frameworks

Hybrid zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), containing more than one type of imidazolate linker, can allow highly tunable molecular sieving and adsorption. Their crystallization becomes more challenging when the end-member (single-linker) ZIFs crystallize in different crystal systems. We demonstrate the controlled synthesis and detailed characterization of hybrid ZIF-7-90 frameworks containing linkers of ZIF-7 (rhombohedral) and ZIF-90 (cubic). ZIF-7-90 materials with SOD-type topology are obtained in three crystalline phases depending on the linker composition and synthesis technique. The effect of synthesis conditions on the activation-induced phase transition from rhombohedral to other topologies is studied. Nitrogen physisorption at 77 K and CO2 physisorption at 273 K shows the tunability of the pore-size distribution and the framework flexibility as a function of framework composition. Measurements of water adsorption and butane isomer diffusion illustrate the tunability of diffusivity over seven orders of magnitude and control of hydrophobic to hydrophilic adsorption behavior. VC 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 525–537, 2016
Analysis of Deoxyribonucleic Acids from Armadillo-Derived Mycobacteria

Armadillos are used for propagation of Mycobacterium leprae and are hosts of mycobacteria of the ADM (armadillo-derived mycobacteria) group. The deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) of isolates of the five phenetic subgroups of the ADM were analyzed and compared with the genomes of related bacteria. The guanine-pluscytosine (G+C) contents of the DNAs were 62.2 to 67.1 mol% for different ADM strains, 56 mol% for M. leprae and LDC (leprosy-derived corynebacteria), and 62 to 71 mol% for reference mycobacteria. Restriction analysis showed neither adenine methylation in the GATC site (a specific trait of LDC strains) nor cytosine methylation in the CCGG and GGCC sites. Hybridization higher than 80% was obtained with DNA from isolates within the same ADM subgroups, whereas 17 to 50% hybridizations were observed with organisms from different ADM subgroups. Genomes of ADM strains and reference mycobacteria were 15 to 40% homologous, except for subgroups IV and V, whose DNAs were 54 to 62% homologous with Mycobacterium lepraemurium DNA. Little or no homology between M. leprae and ADM genomes was found. We concluded that single ADM subgroups can be considered as distinct species within the genus Mycobacterium; they are genetically unrelated to the other leprosy-associated bacteria.
A nanoscale linewidth/pitch standard for high-resolution optical microscopy and other microscopic techniques

We have developed a new lateral standard on the nanometre scale for use with the recently introduced high-resolution optical microscopy techniques such as deep ultraviolet microscopy (DUVM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The standard provides structures in the submicron- and sub-100 nm scale, and meets the metrological requirements for accurate and traceable optical microscopy measurements. It can be used as a length measurement standard (for pitch and linewidth measurements) and for quick resolution and astigmatism testing of all these instruments. Additionally, circular gratings provide a new way for the calibration of scanning probe microscopes.
Modernising Climate Policy in Australia: Climate Narratives and the Undoing of a Prime Minister

Australia came very close to legislating an emissions trading scheme as part of a climate policy package in 2009. This climate policy was driven by a new Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, who had made addressing climate change his signature policy commitment both before and after the 2007 election that brought the Australian Labor Party to power. His climate policy was underpinned by two main interrelated narratives: ecological modernisation and climate justice. In this paper I consider the story of the Rudd government's climate policy experience through an ecological modernisation lens. In the end, it was the seeming disjuncture between political rhetoric and policy outcomes that brought the Rudd prime ministership down. The telling of the Rudd climate story through these narratives reveals some of the limitations of (mainstream) ecological modernisation as a major environmental management approach, as well as highlighting the vagaries of political leadership.
On the Formation and Distribution of In Situ Synthesized TiB 2 Reinforcements in Cast Aluminium Matrix Composites

Introduction of TiB2 reinforcements into aluminium matrices allows composites to be obtained that exhibit excellent mechanical properties and good wear and corrosion resistance. These composites find applications in the automotive, aerospace and marine industries. In the present work, the in situ synthesis of ultrafine TiB2 particulates in an aluminium matrix was accomplished by reaction synthesis of TiB2 using K2TiF6 and KBF4 (in 120% excess to the stoichiometrically needed) fluxes in pre-melted aluminium. Composites were prepared with different concentrations of TiB2 in (2.5, 5 and 10 wt %) in an aluminium matrix. The holding time of the molten composite in an induction furnace was varied from 10 min to 50 min. The in situ formation of TiB2 reinforcement and its distribution in cast aluminiummatrix composites was analyzed based on microstructural studies, microhardness measurements and wear tests. The exothermic reaction between the halide fluxes starts after 10 min of holding time and completes before 20 min of holding time. The dominant phase was TiB2 after 20 min of holding time, while the formation of Ti3B4 was observed as the holding time was extended. The distribution of the reinforcing phases was studied by analyzing the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. An optimum holding time (20 min) of the composite melt was determined based on the dominant wear mechanism, microhardness, and phase composition of the composites.
PARADIGMS FOR ACCOUNTING RESEARCH: TOWARDS THE USE OF GROUNDED THEORY

In this paper, grounded theory is investigated and applied to research on electronic business in order to demonstrate its use and potential limitations in accounting research. Grounded theory enables relevant theoretical concepts to emerge from the data and, in this way, leads to discovery. In treating ‘all as data’, grounded theory uses a pragmatic method, combining qualitative and quantitative data and data gathering methods to encourage a rich understanding of the situation. This enables the generation of theory rather than the confirmation of existing theory. To illustrate this process, this paper demonstrates the evolution, with the use of grounded theory, of a definition for electronic business. This paper first introduces grounded theory as a research methodology and then discusses its application in accounting research. Thereafter an example of the use of grounded theory in research on electronic business is investigated to illustrate the use and the limitations of the process. The paper concludes with a consideration of the process and recommendations for its use. INTRODUCTION In this paper the grounded theory approach to accounting research s investigated and applied to research on electronic business in order to demonstrate its use and potential limitations. Although grounded theory has been used largely in sociology research for as many years, its use and methodology is still debated, and it is relatively very new in the held of accounting research. Research involves the researcher, the subject of the research and the methodology applied. It has been argued that the researchers cannot be objective as they approach the subject from their background and with their own preconceived ideas as well as by means of a methodology that fits these ideas. In addition, research is often influenced by the established theories in a particular field and therefore often attempts to confirm existing theories without due regard for other possible interpretations of the data. In an area in which there are wellfounded theories that describe the area, this approach works well. However, in some areas in the social sciences, theories often do not exist and even if they do exist, they may be too abstract to guide the research process. This situation is exacerbated by the fact that human behaviour cannot be satisfactorily explained by means of theories, because humans differ from one another in respect of their reactions and they react differently over time. This situation has led to some disillusionment concerning the universal usefulness of mainstream accounting research methods. In the social sciences, there is theref3re a need for research that enables the researcher to interpret the data without the constrictions of expectations and theories. Grounded theory enables relevant theoretical concepts to emerge from the data and, in this way, leads to discovery. The credibility of the grounded theory method has been established through the adoption of certain procedures and techniques that ensure that the research process remains
A MODEL FOR THE PALM OIL MARKET IN NIGERIA: AN ECONOMETRICS APPROACH

The aim of this study is to formulate and estimate a model for the palm oil market in Nigeria with a view to identifying principal factors that shape the Nigerian palm oil industry. Four structural equation models comprising palm oil production, import demand, domestic demand and producer price have been estimated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration approach over the 1970 to 2011 period. The results reveal that significant factors that influence the Nigerian palm oil industry include the own price, technological improvements, and income level. Government expenditure on agricultural development is also an important determinant, which underscores the need for government support in agriculture. Our model provides a useful framework for analyzing the effects of changes in major exogenous variables such as income or import tariff on the production, demand, and price of palm oil.
Changes in the concentrations of size-fractioned iron and related environmental factors in the northeastern part of lake Dianchi (China)

To observe changes in the concentrations of size-fractionated iron and related environmental factors, experiments were conducted in the northeastern part of the shallow eutrophic lake Dianchi (China) from March 2003 to February 2004. Iron concentrations were measured for three size fractions: particulate iron (phi >0.22 mu m), colloidal iron (phi = 0.025-0.22 mu m) and soluble iron (phi < 0.025 mu m), and environmental factors (physicochemical and biological factors) were synchronously analyzed. Results showed that size-fractionated iron and the related environmental factors all varied with season. Colloidal iron accounted for only 5-9% of total iron, while particulate and soluble iron each accounted for 40-50% of total iron. The results suggested that size-fractionated iron can transform into each other, especially the highly reactive colloidal iron. Significant linear correlations were found between iron in different size fractions, and significant correlations were also obtained between chlorophyll a and environmental factors, such as TN, TP and secchi depth. No significant correlation between iron and chlorophyll a was found in this study.
Anterior shoulder instability with bony deficiencies and the author's preferred method of treatment

Anterior shoulder instability in the athlete is a common problem. It is imperative that in order to prevent unnecessary time away from sport that the correct decisions and interventions are taken at the appropriate times. The last decade has seen a change in our perceptions of the surgical options for this type of patient. We now have a better understanding of the pathology, the surgical options and their outcomes and the natural history both of the condition and surgery.