Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specific Fractures and Dislocations of the Spine Atlantoaxial Instability Cervical Vertebral Fractures Thoracic and Lumbar Fracture/Luxations Lumbosacral Fractures Fracture/Luxations of the Sacrococcygeal Region

Spinal injuries and associated neurologic dysfunction are encountered frequently in small animal practice. Such injuries are most often the result of automobile trauma, or less commonly gunshot injuries, falls from heights, or animal abuse. The vertebral column has two distinct functions that become compromised in the injured animal and that must be considered in the diagnosis and management of each case. The first function is to house and protect the spinal cord itself. The prognosis and treatment of spinal fractures and luxations are strongly dependent upon the degree of neurologic injury and thus its accurate assessment. The elements of a good neurologic examination relating sensory and motor deficits with the location and severity of the spinal cord lesion are discussed in Chapter 62. The classification and treatment of spinal cord injuries will be discussed briefly in the sections to follow.
The Sensitivity of International Poverty Comparisons

Using data from the Luxembourg Income Study, the author studies the sensitivity of cross-national income poverty comparisons to the method in which poverty is measured. Absolute poverty comparisons that keep the purchasing power at the poverty line constant across countries lead to conclusions that differ from relative poverty comparisons in which the real value of the poverty line varies with average income. The absolute poverty ranking of countries also varies as the real value of the poverty line is lowered. Cross-national differences in household characteristics are largely irrelevant in explaining poverty differences. Copyright 1998 by The International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.
ACTIVATION DEACTIVATION DISPLEASURE PLEASURE Tense Jittery Sad Gloomy Tired Lethargic Placid Calm Serene Contented Elated Happy Excited Ebullient Upset Distressed

This paper explores perceived and experienced emotions elicited by computergenerated music. During the experiments, 30 participants listened to 20 excerpts. Each of the excerpts lasted for about 16 seconds and was generated in real-time by specifically designed software. Measurements were performed using both categorical (a free verbal description) and dimensional approaches. The relationship between structural factors of music (mode, tempo, pitch height, rhythm, articulation and presence of the dissonance) and emotions was examined. Personal characteristics of the listener: gender and musical training were also taken into account. The relationship between structural factors and the perceived emotions was mostly congruent with predictions derived from the literature, and the relationship between those factors and experienced emotions was very similar. Tempo and pitch height – the cues common to music and speech – turned out to have a strong influence on the evaluation of emotion. Personal factors had a marginal effect. In the case of verbal categories comparable with the dimensional model, a strong correspondence was found.
The Long-Term Bivariate Survival FGM Copula Model: An Application to a Brazilian HIV Data

In this paper we propose a new bivariate long-term distribu- tion based on the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula model. The proposed model allows for the presence of censored data and covariates in the cure parameter. For inferential purpose a Bayesian approach via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is considered. Further, some discussions on the model selection criteria are given. In order to examine outlying and inuential ob- servations, we develop a Bayesian case deletion inuence diagnostics based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The newly developed procedures are illustrated on articial and real HIV data.
Effects of Visible Light Wavelengths on Seed Germinability in Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is one of 154 members of the genus Stevia and it produces sweet steviol glycosides . It originated from Paraguay. The leaves were used as general sweetening agent. Seed germination in Stevia is generally very low and constituted major obstacle to large scale production of the crop. Different wavelengths from visible light were tested on germination of Stevia seeds. The two lights used were (i) white light - 400 to 700nm, and (ii) red light - 660nm. Parameters evaluated include (i) Mean time germination, (ii) mean daily germination, (iii) germination rate, (iv) daily germination speed and (v) germination value. Multivariate tests at probability level <. 05 revealed that daily germination speed and number of germinated seeds were significantly higher at (< .001) and (< .014) respectively with the effect of red light on seed germination. Red light (660nm) had better influence on germination in Stevia seeds than white light (400-700nm) and control experiment.
Grocery retailing in Germany: Situation, development and pricing strategies

Like many other industrialised countries Germany has experienced a powerful concentration process in food retailing. There are some issues, however, which make Germany a special case in Europe and among industrialised countries in general. This holds true in terms of market structure and concentration, market development and pricing strategies. The market share of hard discounters like Aldi and Lidl has grown continuously in recent decades and the market share of discounters in general has reached a magnitude that is well above that found in other European countries. This has led to robust price competition in German food retailing. Along with this development, it has been very difficult for inward foreign direct investment (FDI) to gain ground in the German food retailing industry. One example was the market entry by Wal-Mart which, given its initial ambitious goals, was not successful. On the other hand, German hard discounters have strongly affected outward FDI by other German food retailers. In the process of expanding into other markets abroad, these companies have had a positive impact on exporting by the German food industry. This article describes and analyses these major trends in German food retailing in detail. It is organised as follows. The structure of food retailing is described and explained in Section 2. Section 3 deals with the importance of inward and outward FDI in German food retailing. It is discussed in both sections how increased concentration in food retailing affects the marketing chain. Price competition is intense in Germany, and studies of food pricing strategies have used scanner data. Therefore a special case study in Section 4 is the analysis of food pricing strategies in Germany based on scanner-data evidence. The analysis shows that the pricing behaviour of food retailers is characterised by the every-day-low-pricing (EDLP) strategies of discounters and the high-lowpricing (HiLo) strategies of their major competitors. The main elements of pricing policies are indicative of firms' market power: repeated price discounts for major food brands, frequent changes of loss leaders, the dominant role of psychological pricing, and a strong price rigidity for all other foods which are not on special offer.
INFLUENCE OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM CLIMATIC CHANGES ON CHERNOZEM SOILS: CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION OF RUSSIA

In contemporary world geography, there still remains a paucity of information that reveals the multi-faceted interrelationship of soils with the other components of the natural environment. This is extremely important information in light of current global ecological problems, studies, and policy decisions, one of which is the problem of climate change. While these have been long discussed in the scientific circles, during the last few years this problem acquired new urgency in connection with new data, reflecting “long” sequences in paleoclimatic reconstructions and a comparatively short, but detailed series of instrumental meteorological and climatologic observations (e.g., Chambers and Ogle, 2002; Brönniman et al., 2008). We will continue the discussion based on the following questions: “In what direction might the change in global climate go? ” and “Is this change subordinated by trend dependence or does it occur within cyclic climatic dynamics? ” (e.g., Bunyard, 2001; Lupo, 2008). It is well known that soil is considered a rapidly changing system, which sensitively reacts to changes in environmental conditions and, firstly, to climate change (Buol et al., 1997). Therefore, it seems that in finding new approaches to the problem of climate change decisions it may be possible to find among others the study of soils as indicators of climate change. The role of soils in the study of chronological variations of climate is reflected in a number of publications, many of which are oriented toward the use of soils in reconstructions of long-period climate changes (e.g., Gennadiev, 1990; Buol et al., 1997; Aleksandrovskii and Aleksandrovskaya, 2005; Chendev, 2008). In the last three decades, fewer studies have been published about soils as indicators of a contemporary climate change (e.g., Ovechkin and Isaev, 1985; Solovyov, 1989; Chendev et al. 2012). The main purpose of this article is the identification of forest-steppe and steppe chernozem soils (Eastern European Mollisols) reactions to climate change with different periodicities.
A simple Eulerian finite-volume method for compressible fluids in domains with moving boundaries

We introduce a simple new Eulerian method for treatment of moving boundaries in compressible fluid computations. Our approach is based on the extension of the interface tracking method recently introduced in the context of multifluids. The fluid domain is placed in a rectangular computational domain of a fixed size, which is divided into Cartesian cells. At every discrete time level, there are three types of cells: internal, boundary, and external ones. The numerical solution is evolved in internal cells only. The numerical fluxes at the cells near the boundary are computed using the technique from [A. Chertock, S. Karni and A. Kurganov, M2AN Math. Model. Numer. Anal. , to appear] combined with a solid wall ghost-cell extrapolation and an interpolation in the phase space. The proposed computational framework is general and may be used in conjunction with one’s favorite finite-volume method. The robustness of the new approach is illustrated on a number of one- and two-dimensional numerical examples.
Liberating links between datasets using lightweight data publishing: an example using plant names and the taxonomic literature

Constructing a biodiversity knowledge graph will require making millions of cross links between diversity entities in different datasets. Researchers trying to bootstrap the growth of the biodiversity knowledge graph by constructing databases of links between these entities lack obvious ways to publish these sets of links. One appealing and lightweight approach is to create a “datasette”, a database that is wrapped together with a simple web server that enables users to query the data. Datasettes can be packaged into Docker containers and hosted online with minimal effort. This approach is illustrated using a dataset of links between globally unique identifiers for plant taxonomic names, and identifiers for the taxonomic articles that published those names.
Non-HDL Cholesterol, Guideline Targets, and Population Percentiles for Secondary Prevention in a Clinical Sample of 1.3 Million Adults The Very Large Database of Lipids (VLDL-2 Study)

Please cite this article as: Elshazly MB, Martin SS, Blaha MJ, Joshi PH, Toth PP, McEvoy JW, Al-Hijji MA, Kulkarni KR, Kwiterovich PO, Blumenthal RS, Jones SR, Non-HDL Cholesterol, Guideline Targets, and Population Percentiles for Secondary Prevention in a Clinical Sample of 1.3 Million Adults The Very Large Database of Lipids (VLDL-2 Study), Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013), doi: 10.1016/j.jacc. 2013.07. 045.
Image Processing using SIFT

Nowadays, computer Vision Technology is playing a very important role to understand the information present in image format. The object details those are in the form of image can be treated to find . This paper proposes the object finding method to help visually impaired people. The SIFT can extract distinctive features in an image to match different objects. The proposed recognition process begins by matching individual features of the user queried object to a database of features with different personal items which are saved database.
Direct observation of quantum criticality in Ising spin chains

We use NMR quantum simulators to study antiferromagnetic Ising spin chains undergoing quantum phase transitions. Taking advantage of the sensitivity of the systems near criticality, we detect the critical points of the transitions using a direct measurement of the Loschmidt echo. We test our simulators for spin chains of even and odd numbers of spins, and compare the experimental results to theoretical predictions.
Factorized steady states in mass transport models on an arbitrary graph

We study a general mass transport model on an arbitrary graph consisting of L nodes each carrying a continuous mass. The graph also has a set of directed links between pairs of nodes through which a stochastic portion of mass, chosen from a site-dependent distribution, is transported between the nodes at each time step. The dynamics conserves the total mass and the system eventually reaches a steady state. This general model includes as special cases various previously studied models such as the zero-range process and the asymmetric random average process. We derive a general condition on the stochastic mass transport rules, valid for arbitrary graph and for both parallel and random sequential dynamics, that is sufficient to guarantee that the steady state is factorizable. We demonstrate how this condition can be achieved in several examples. We show that our generalized result contains as a special case the recent results derived by Greenblatt and Lebowitz for d-dimensional hypercubic lattices with random sequential dynamics.
Foregasting with adaptive filtering

— During the past decade Régression Analysis has gained wide acceptance as a method for preparing medium and long range forecasts for time series. However/for a short-term forecasting situation or when the number of observations is small, régression analysis is costly and of ten impractical. Exponential smoothing is the forecasting method most of ten used in these latter situations, but it has some major shortcomings ioo. Rather than trying to distinguish some underlying pattern from the noise (randomness) includedin observed data, exponential smoothing simpfy « smooths » the extreme values in preparing a forecast, which in many cases is not completely suitable. Thus there are a number of medium range forecasting situations and cases for which not much data is available where neither régression analysis nor exponential smoothing methods are appropriate. This paper briefly examines the gênerai class of forecasting methods that are based on a weighting of past observations and then présents the theoretical and practical aspects of adaptive filtering, a method for determining an appropriate set ofweights. Adaptive Filtering* a technique prevlously developed in télécommunications engineering, is attractive in many forecasting situations involving time series because it does discriminate between noise and an underlying pattern, it is conceptually appealing and easy to apply, it can be used with a relatively small amount of data, and the accuracy and reliability of its forecasts compare very favorably with other techniques.
Logo Recognition Technique using Sift Descriptor, Surf Descriptor and Hog Descriptor

Logos sometimes also known as trademark have high importance in today’s marketing world. Logo or trademark is of high importance because it carries the goodwill of the company and the product. Logo matching and recognition is important to discover either improper or unauthorized use of logos. Query images may come with different types of scale, rotation, affine distortion, illumination noise, highly occluded noise. Sift descriptor, surf descriptor and hog descriptor are very good features to use among the existing techniques to recognize the logo images from such difficulties more accurately. General Terms Logo Recognition, invariant to scale, rotation, invariant to illumination noise, occluded objects .
Arterial distensibility is a quantitative measure of arterial ability to expand and contract with cardiac contraction and relaxation. Distensibility of an artery segment is a reflection of the mechanical stress affecting the arterial wall during the cardiac cycle

Cardiovascular disease and stroke are heterogeneous and multifactorial diseases. Given the extreme complexity of risk factors contributing to the complex diseases, evaluation of the intermediate phenotypes may be more advantageous than the solid clinical events. Carotid artery atherosclerosis can be assessed by intima-media thickness (IMT) that represents carotid artery structure and arterial distensibility which is an index for an arterial function. These intermediate phenotypes are also risk factors for stroke and cardiovascular events. Gene mapping studies have been conducted to identify susceptibility genes to IMT and/or distensibility. However, most genes could not be consistently replicated by subsequent studies. Among them, the APOE epsilon polymorphism and the ACE I/D polymorphism are most extensively studied. Meta-analysis indicated that the epsilon4 and D alleles are associated with increased IMT. With more feasibility to conduct whole genome association studies and the awareness of using a large sample size to confirm a genetic effect for common diseases, it is expected that more candidate genes will be confirmed and more novel genes will be identified in the near future. 2. INTRODUCTION
Agenda diversity and coverage bias: A quantitative approach to the agenda-setting theory

The mass media play a fundamental role in the formation of public opinion, either by defining the topics of discussion or by making a degree of emphasis on certain issues. Directly or indirectly, people get informed by consuming news from the media. But which is the dynamics of the agenda and how the people become interested in the different topics of the agenda? The Agenda Setting theory provides a conceptual framework in order to understand the role played by the mass media in public opinion formation, but the previous questions can not be answered without proper quantitative measures of agenda's dynamics and public attention. In this work we study the agenda of Argentinian newspapers in comparison with public's interests through a quantitative approach by performing topic detection over the news, identifying the main topics covered and their evolution over time. We measure Agenda's diversity as a function of time using Shannon's entropy and difference between Agendas using Jensen-Shannon's distance. We found that the Public Agenda is less diverse than the Media Agenda, and we are also capable to detect periods of time where coverage of certain issues are biased (coverage bias).
High-throughput discovery of rare human nucleotide polymorphisms by Ecotilling

Human individuals differ from one another at only ∼0.1% of nucleotide positions, but these single nucleotide differences account for most heritable phenotypic variation. Large-scale efforts to discover and genotype human variation have been limited to common polymorphisms. However, these efforts overlook rare nucleotide changes that may contribute to phenotypic diversity and genetic disorders, including cancer. Thus, there is an increasing need for high-throughput methods to robustly detect rare nucleotide differences. Toward this end, we have adapted the mismatch discovery method known as Ecotilling for the discovery of human single nucleotide polymorphisms. To increase throughput and reduce costs, we developed a universal primer strategy and implemented algorithms for automated band detection. Ecotilling was validated by screening 90 human DNA samples for nucleotide changes in 5 gene targets and by comparing results to public resequencing data. To increase throughput for discovery of rare alleles, we pooled samples 8-fold and found Ecotilling to be efficient relative to resequencing, with a false negative rate of 5% and a false discovery rate of 4%. We identified 28 new rare alleles, including some that are predicted to damage protein function. The detection of rare damaging mutations has implications for models of human disease.
ICVG : Practical Constructive Volume Geometry for Indirect Visualization

The task of creating detailed three dimensional virtual worlds for interactive entertainment software can be simplified by using Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) techniques. CSG allows artists to combine primitive shapes, visualized through polygons, into complex and believable scenery. Constructive Volume Geometry (CVG) is a super-set of CSG that operates on volumetric data, which consists of values recorded at constant intervals in three dimensions of space. To allow volumetric data to be integrated into existing frameworks, indirect visualization is performed by constructing and visualizing polygon meshes corresponding to the implicit surfaces in the volumetric data. The Indirect CVG (ICVG) algebra, which provides constructive volume geometry operators appropriate to volumetric data that will be indirectly visualized is introduced. ICVG includes operations analogous to the union, difference, and intersection operators in the standard CVG algebra, as well as new operations. Additionally, a series of volumetric primitives well suited to indirect visualization is defined.
Application of Propensity Score Models in Observational Studies Using VDW Data

Treatment effects from observational studies may be biased as patients are not randomly allocated to a treatment group. Propensity score methods are increasingly being used to address this bias. After propensity score adjustment, the distribution of baseline covariates will be balanced between treated and untreated patients. This paper reviews variable selection, balancing the propensity score, sensitivity analyses and presentation of results for 5 different propensity score methods: covariate adjustment, stratification, inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW), stabilized IPTW, and matching. Strengths and limitations of each method are illustrated by estimating the effect of anti-hypertension treatment on survival in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer patients.