Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lip Motion Pattern Recognition for Indonesian Syllable Pronunciation Utilizing Hidden Markov Model Method

A speech therapeutic tool had been developed to help Indonesian deaf kids learn how to pronounce words correctly. The applied technique utilized lip movement frames captured by a camera and inputted them in to a pattern recognition module which can differentiate between different vowel phonemes pronunciation in Indonesian language. In this paper, we used one dimensional Hidden Markov Model (HMM) method for pattern recognition module. The feature used for the training and test data were composed of six key-points of 20 sequential frames representing certain phonemes. Seventeen Indonesian phonemes were chosen from the words usually used by deaf kid special school teachers for speech therapy. The results showed that the recognition rates varied on different phonemes articulation, ie. 78% for bilabial/palatal phonemes and 63% for palatal only phonemes. The condition of the lips also had effect on the result, where female with red lips has 0.77 correlation coefficient, compare to 0.68 for pale lips and 0.38 for male with mustaches.
Coherence–incoherence patterns in a ring of non-locally coupled phase oscillators

We consider a paradigmatic spatially extended model of non-locally coupled phase oscillators which are uniformly distributed within a one-dimensional interval and interact depending on the distance between their sites' modulo periodic boundary conditions. This model can display peculiar spatio-temporal patterns consisting of alternating patches with synchronized (coherent) or irregular (incoherent) oscillator dynamics, hence the name coherence–incoherence pattern, or chimera state. For such patterns we formulate a general bifurcation analysis scheme based on a hierarchy of continuum limit equations. This provides the possibility of classifying known coherence–incoherence patterns and of suggesting directions for the search for new ones.
Identification of Biomechanical Risk Factors for the Development of Lower-Back Disorders during Manual Rebar Tying

AbstractHigh prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers pose challenges to the productivity and occupational health of the construction industry. To mitigate the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, construction managers need to deepen their understanding of the physical and biomechanical demands of various construction tasks so that appropriate policies and preventive measures can be implemented. Among various construction trades, rebar workers are highly susceptible to lower-back disorders (LBDs) given the physically demanding nature of their work tasks. In particular, rebar tying is considered to be closely related to LBDs because it exposes workers to multiple ergonomic risk factors (repetitive works in prolonged static and awkward postures). The objective of the current study was to compare the differences in lumbar biomechanics during three typical rebar tying postures: stooping, one-legged kneeling, and squatting. Biomechanical variables including trunk muscle activity and tru.
Survey on Trust Models in Peer to Peer File Sharing Systems

— BitTorrent is the Peer-to-Peer(P2P) file sharing protocol mostly used nowadays. In P2P file sharing systems peers (members) communicate directly with one another to exchange information or share music, pictures, and video.P2P file sharing systems are subject to many security risks. Trust is the important factor in peer to peer file sharing systems to improve the interaction among peers and reduce malicious uploads. Survey on the different trust methods are discussed in this paper.
Multi-Head Attention for End-to-End Neural Machine Translation

Inspired by the recent success of Google’s Transformer model works have been done on borrowing the novel idea of multi-head attention to various applications under different architectures. Albeit latest works have adopted this idea using an end-to-end recurrent model on speech recognition and voice search, making use of a similar model on machine translation has not been attempted yet. In this work, we examine multi-head attention under the attention-based recurrent encoder-decoder frame-work, and conduct detailed analysis on the positional response of multiple heads. Through leveraging the essence of multi-head attention, we are capable of attaining a state-of-the-art result on IWSLT’ 15 with 28.48 tokenized BLEU and 53.86% TER, which gives a 0.17 gain in BLEU and 0.37% reduction in TER. Similarly we achieve 25.58 tokenized BLEU and 55.03% TER on WMT’16, which provide a 0.40 gain in BLEU and 0.32% reduction in TER to the baseline model respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work1 that evaluates the concept of multi-head attention in an end-to-end recurrent network on machine translation tasks.
Bayesian Gaussian models for interpolating large-dimensional data at misaligned areal units

Areal level spatial data are often large, sparse and may appear with geographical shapes that are regular or irregular (e.g., postcode). Moreover, sometimes it is important to obtain predictive inference in regular or irregular areal shapes that is misaligned with the observed spatial areal geographical boundary. For example, in a survey the respondents were asked about their postcode, however for policy making purposes, researchers are often interested to obtain information at the SA2. The statistical challenge is to obtain spatial prediction at the SA2s, where the SA2s may have overlapped geographical boundaries with postcodes. The study is motivated by a practical survey data obtained from the Australian National University (ANU) Poll. Here the main research question is to understand respondents' satisfaction level with the way Australia is heading. The data are observed at 1,944 postcodes among the 2,516 available postcodes across Australia, and prediction is obtained at the 2,196 SA2s. The proposed method also explored through a grid-based simulation study, where data have been observed in a regular grid and spatial prediction has been done in a regular grid that has a misaligned geographical boundary with the first regular grid-set. The real-life example with ANU Poll data addresses the situation of irregular geographical boundaries that are misaligned, i.e., model fitted with postcode data and hence obtained prediction at the SA2. A comparison study is also performed to validate the proposed method. In this paper, a Gaussian model is constructed under Bayesian hierarchy. The novelty lies in the development of the basis function that can address spatial sparsity and localised spatial structure. It can also address the large-dimensional spatial data modelling problem by constructing knot based reduced-dimensional basis functions.
An Efficient MapReduce-Based Parallel Clustering Algorithm for Distributed Traffic Subarea Division

Traffic subarea division is vital for traffic system management and traffic network analysis in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Since existing methods may not be suitable for big traffic data processing, this paper presents a MapReduce-based Parallel Three-Phase -Means (Par3PKM) algorithm for solving traffic subarea division problem on a widely adopted Hadoop distributed computing platform. Specifically, we first modify the distance metric and initialization strategy of -Means and then employ a MapReduce paradigm to redesign the optimized -Means algorithm for parallel clustering of large-scale taxi trajectories. Moreover, we propose a boundary identifying method to connect the borders of clustering results for each cluster. Finally, we divide traffic subarea of Beijing based on real-world trajectory data sets generated by 12,000 taxis in a period of one month using the proposed approach. Experimental evaluation results indicate that when compared with -Means, Par2PK-Means, and ParCLARA, Par3PKM achieves higher efficiency, more accuracy, and better scalability and can effectively divide traffic subarea with big taxi trajectory data.
Adjuvant activity of Pasteurella multocida A strain, Pasteurella multocida B strain and Salmonella typhimurium bacterial DNA on cellular and humoral immunity responses against Pasteurella multocida specific strain infections in Balb/c mice

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) vaccines on the expression and release of antibodies, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 by serum. Methods: Balb/c mice were immunized with two formalin and iron inactivated vaccine doses within 2 weeks. The vaccines were adjuvant with P. multocida A strain, P. multocida B strain and Salmonella typhimurium bacterial DNA (AbDNA, BbDNA and SbDNA for short, respectively). The animals were challenged 4 weeks after immunization. Blood of mice was collected to detect the change of specific antibody, IL-6, and IL-12 using ELISA. Results: The specific antibody and interleukins in the immunized group increased significantly compared to the control mice after vaccination and challenge (P<0.05). The highest release of these cytokines was obtained by P. multocida inactivated with iron and adjuvant with AbDNA at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. The antibody titer peak was 0.447 in mice vaccinated with iron-killed whole-cell antigen adjunct with AbDNA. The time-courses of release showed that bacterial DNA was able to stimulate IL-6 and IL-12 production more than alum (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings introduce that bacterial DNA is capable of releasing an immunological response with several cytokines. These indicate that bacterial DNA entrapped with killed P. multocida antigen is a new and effective adjuvant to enhance specific immunity and resistance of animal against the infectious pathogen, which could simplify the development of highly promising strong adjuvant.
New particle formation in the sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–water system: reevaluation of CLOUD chamber measurements and comparison to an aerosol nucleation and growth model

Abstract. A recent CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber study showed that sulfuric acid and dimethylamine produce new aerosols very efficiently and yield particle formation rates that are compatible with boundary layer observations. These previously published new particle formation (NPF) rates are reanalyzed in the present study with an advanced method. The results show that the NPF rates at 1.7 nm are more than a factor of 10 faster than previously published due to earlier approximations in correcting particle measurements made at a larger detection threshold. The revised NPF rates agree almost perfectly with calculated rates from a kinetic aerosol model at different sizes (1.7 and 4.3 nm mobility diameter). In addition, modeled and measured size distributions show good agreement over a wide range of sizes (up to ca. 30 nm). Furthermore, the aerosol model is modified such that evaporation rates for some clusters can be taken into account; these evaporation rates were previously published from a flow tube study. Using this model, the findings from the present study and the flow tube experiment can be brought into good agreement for the high base-to-acid ratios ( ∼ 100) relevant for this study. This confirms that nucleation proceeds at rates that are compatible with collision-controlled (a.k.a. kinetically controlled) NPF for the conditions during the CLOUD7 experiment (278 K, 38 % relative humidity, sulfuric acid concentration between 1 × 10 6 and 3 × 10 7 cm −3 , and dimethylamine mixing ratio of ∼ 40 pptv, i.e., 1 × 10 9 cm −3) .
The world ’ s largest observed Slow Slip Events ( SSE ) occurred in 2001 – 2002 and 2006

[1] The world’s largest observed Slow Slip Events (SSE) occurred in 2001–2002 and 2006 in the Guerrero subduction zone, Mexico. Using an improved GPS processing that accounts for time‐varying atmospheric phenomena as well as oceanic, atmospheric and hydrologic loading corrections, the 11 year GPS position time series in Guerrero show a noise reduction of ∼50% with respect to previous studies. Thanks to the improved position time series and, in particular, the simultaneous analysis of the three‐dimensional GPS observations, we can provide new information about SSEs in the studied area. First, we detect seven nonperiodic anomalous displacements with subcentimeter amplitude, but no quasi‐annual anomalies as proposed previously. The displacements seem to occur simultaneously with the observed peaks of non‐volcanic tremor activity in the area. Second, we refine the characteristics of the two major SSEs in terms of timing, duration, and cumulative displacements, and highlight the complex surface spatiotemporal evolution of the displacements during these SSEs. In particular, we observe a clear initiation phase for the 2006 SSE as well as ending phases for both large SSEs. The ending phase shows a strong deceleration of the anomalous displacements with respect to the main displacement phase already observed, for the 2001–2002 and 2006 SSEs. The duration of the SSEs increases by 30–40% including the initiation and ending phases. For the 2006 SSE, the main displacement phase also shows spatiotemporal complexity. Our results demonstrate the need for improved three‐dimensional GPS processing technique in order to undertake detailed studies of SSEs.
Individual Identification Using ECG Signals

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal used for diagnosis and patient monitoring, has recently emerged as a biometric recognition tool. Indeed, ECG signal changes from one person to another according to health status, heart geometry and anatomy among other factors. This paper forms a comparative study between different identification techniques and their performances. Previous works in this field referred to methodologies implementing either set of fiducial or set non-fiducial features. In this study we show a comparison of the same data using a fiducial feature set and a non-fiducial feature set based on statistical calculation of wavelet coefficient. High identification rates were measured in both cases, non-fiducial using Discrete Meyer (dmey) wavelet outperformed the rest at 98.65.
Relationship of Spirituality Leadership Style and SMEs Performance in Halal Supply Chain

The great influence of consumers' consumption of halal products, mainly food and beverages (FB JAKIM. Besides that, other challenges faced by SMEs that they are deficient of leadership styles, lack of entrepreneurial orientation and inconsistent performance to grasp opportunities existing in the halal markets. Based on previous literatures, these challenges contributed a significant research gap in terms of leaderships in management practice towards the organisation performance. Therefore, this study has constructed a conceptual model based on the leadership theories in which they have a significant impact on an organisation's performance. This paper presents a proposal of a theoretical framework in order to examine the relationship of leadership styles, mainly the spirituality towards the organisation performance which moderates by Shariah based entrepreneurial orientation. All measurements applied in the study are based from the past research. However, some of them are modified suited to the study’s objectives. The study’s scope is within Malaysian SMEs that involved in the manufacturing of halal F&B. Keywords: enterprises, food, halal, leaderships, supply chain
Measuring liquidity risk in Social Security using VaR technique

Article history: Received October 15, 2012 Received in revised format 4 December 2012 Accepted 8 December 2012 Available online December 9 2012 Measuring liquidity risk plays an important role on any business unit especially financial organizations. Social security systems in most countries around the world are responsible to provide necessary requirements in many countries such as health care, pension plans, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce any risk associated with these systems as much as possible. In this paper, we study liquidity risk in Iranian social security using VaR technique. The proposed model of this paper uses historical information for a fiscal year of 2008-2011. We first divide the information of each year into two groups of first and second half and using VaR technique analyzed whether there was any trend change in these two groups. The results of our survey indicate that the mean of VaR in the second half of the year is greater than the first half of the year. Therefore, we can confirm that VaR maintains an increasing trend over the time horizon. We also study the trend in liquidity using regression analysis for each year, separately and the results of our survey confirm that there was an increasing trend in liquidity over time. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Density matrix approach to photon-assisted tunneling in the transfer Hamiltonian formalism

The transfer Hamiltonian tunneling current is derived in a time-dependent density matrix formulation and is used to examine photon-assisted tunneling. Bardeen's tunneling expression arises as the result of first order perturbation theory in a mean-field expansion of the density matrix. Photon-assisted tunneling from confined electromagnetic fields in the forbidden barrier region occurs due to time-varying polarization and wavefunction overlap in the gap, which leads to a non-zero tunneling current in asymmetric device structures, even in an unbiased state. The photon energy is seen to act as an effective temperature dependent bias in a uniform barrier asymmetric tunneling example problem. Higher order terms in the density matrix expansion give rise to multi-photon enhanced tunneling currents that can be considered an extension of non-linear optics where the non-linear conductance plays a similar role as the non-linear susceptibilities in the continuity equations.
Genome-wide identification of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in Capsicum chinense Jacq. with high potential for use in pepper introgression breeding

Capsicum chinense, is closely related to Capsicum annuum L. , and the two species share a common gene pool. There are a limited number of cultivated C. chinense varieties; yet, it is acknowledged that C. chinense germplasm harbors useful alleles for important traits such as fruit yield, disease resistance, accumulation of secondary metabolites and technological fruit characters. Besides, it is feasible to obtain fertile progeny from interspecific crosses of C. chinense and C. annuum. Consequently, C. chinense has high breeding potential for improvement of several different traits in pepper breeding. In the present work, C. chinense genome assembly was mined for trinucleotide simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and repeat loci were converted to 53,749 PCR markers. Marker transferability to C. annuum genome was analyzed with high-stringency cross-species mapping parameters, identifying 17,992 transferable markers. Selecting for interspecific polymorphisms and eliminating redundant loci resulted in 4994 SSR markers distributed over the 12 pepper chromosomes with high potential for interspecific polymorphisms between the two pepper species. Laboratory experiments with a subset of candidate polymorphic markers (36 markers) resulted in an amplification rate of 100% from both pepper species and 31 markers produced polymorphic alleles. Thus, in silico marker development and cross-species mapping analyses proved highly efficient in accuracy of primer design and detection of interspecific sequence divergence. The large set of genome-anchored SSR markers introduced in the present work has high potential for polymorphisms. Therefore, the marker set constitutes a useful genomic resource for broadening the genetic base of cultivated pepper with favorable C. chinense alleles.
Arrow's Theorem in Spatial Environments

In spatial environments, we consider social welfare functions satisfying Arrow's requirements. i.e., weak Pareto and independence of irrelevant alternatives. When the policy space os a one-dimensional continuum, such a welfare function is determined by a collection of 2n strictly quasi-concave preferences and a tie-breaking rule. As a corrollary, we obtain that when the number of voters is odd, simple majority voting is transitive if and only if each voter's preference is strictly quasi-concave. When the policy space is multi-dimensional, we establish Arrow's impossibility theorem. Among others, we show that weak Pareto, independence of irrelevant alternatives, and non-dictatorship are inconsistent if the set of alternatives has a non-empty interior and it is compact and convex.
Merced Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title Using Cognitive Models to Guide Instructional Design : The Case of Fraction Division Permalink

Cognitive modeling can be used to compare alternative instructional strategies and to guide the design of curriculum materials. W e modeled two alternative strategies for fraction division, and the models led to specific empirical predictions of the benefits and drawbacks of each strategy. These insights provided concrete suggestions for developing lessons on fraction division, including a new potential strategy that combines the benefits of the two strategies. This on-going work illustrates the potential of cognitive modeling for informing the design of better mathematics curricula.
Cardiac filariosis in migratory Mute swans (Cygnus olor) in Sicily

Sarconema eurycerca is a common parasitic disease of North America swans and geese. The infection has been correlated with severe heart lesions, often resulting in cardiac failure and death of the animals. Heartworms infections have been previously reported in European swans, and specifically in the United Kingdom and Nederland. Both the countries are characterized by a cold temperate weather, similar to the one that can be found in swan wintering areas of U.S.A. and Canada. The first record of cardiac filariasis associated with Sarconema eurycerca infection in four swans in Italy. Twelve mute swans were examined during avian influenza surveillance activities on migratory birds. Birds were collected in the year 2006, in wintering areas of Eastern Sicily (Italy). Four of the twelve swans showed necrotic-haemorrhagic myocarditis with intra-lesional nematodes. Morphological characteristics identified the parasite as a filarial nematode. Birds lungs samples were used for parasites DNA extraction. The latter was used as template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of part of the 12S rDNA gene. Comparison of genomic DNA extracted from a reference S. eurycerca isolate confirmed parasite identity and provided the first sequence resources for this species of value to future diagnostic and epidemiological studies.
Continuous-Time Markov Analysis for Risk Evaluation

In this paper, we present an efficient procedure for obtaining information on variability around the mean value of a random variable, such as the variance and the standard deviation, in continuous-time absorbing Markov analysis using large-scale numerical calculation on a computer. The presented procedure succeeds in establishing the potential applicability of continuous-time Markov analysis to the fields of insurance and finance. It also has a significant impact on risk evaluation in the fields of reliability, dependability, and safety, where little regard has been given to variability around the mean value due to the definition of risk in ISO/IEC Guide 51.