Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ductility assessment of two-chord composite steel-concrete battened columns

Abstract The ductility of a column is one of the most important characteristics of a structure subjected to unexpected overloads, load reversals, blast loads or dynamic impacts. Structural ductile members are capable of dissipating large amounts of energy by undergoing large deformations before failure, hence providing early warning to the occupants of the building. Previous analyses conducted by the authors suggest that, in addition to the type of column (steel, reinforced concrete and composite steel–concrete), the applied measure of ductility as well as other factors (the materials used and the loading and boundary conditions) have a significant influence on a column’s ductility. This paper proposes a new approach to the analysis of the ductility of columns. This approach distinguishes between the column’s pre-peak, post-peak and total ductility, and develops ductility parameters based on the displacement and energy for each of these ductility types. Based on experimental and numerical research on two-chord composite steel–concrete columns subjected to vertical monotonic loads, the influence of concrete strength and batten plate spacing on the columns’ vertical ductility is evaluated. It is concluded that designing two-chord composite steel–concrete columns to have small batten plate spacing and a relatively low concrete strength class can maximise the vertical ductility.
Member Regulated Transcription of CD1A Response Element Binding Protein Family Activating Transcription Factor/cAMP

CD1a has a unique expression pattern among Ag-presenting molecules, expressed speciﬁcally on cortical thymocytes and APCs. As autoimmune disease, infection, and tumors can all result in alteration of CD1a expression, we are attempting to characterize the transcriptional regulation, and thus shed some light on speciﬁc expression, of CD1A . In this study, we have identiﬁed a minimal proximal promoter region required for CD1A transcription. Computer searches within this region identiﬁed numerous potential binding sites for lymphoid-speciﬁc transcription factors, including the ETS transcription factors, C/EBP, GATA, and CREB. Deletion and site-speciﬁc mutant analysis revealed a critical role of a potential cAMP response element (CRE) 965 bp upstream of the CD1A translation start site. Two activating transcription factor (ATF)/CREB family members, CREB-1 and ATF-2, are able to bind this site in vitro and in vivo. Notably, activation of ATF/CREB family members decreases CD1A transcription, while decrease in ATF-2 expression results in increased CD1A RNA level. The fact that these factors also bind the CD1A promoter in human monocytes strongly suggests a role for ATF/CREB family members in regulation of CD1A expression. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 177: 7024–7032.
Focal Region Ray Tracing for Slanted Incident Rays on Spherical Reflector Antenna

Multi beam antenna system is required at base station for fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication and also to cover large portions of field of view for the satellite antenna. A spherical reflector antenna is promising to give high gain directivity of each independent beams for its multiple beam capabilities. The study of the feed elements system is carried out by analysing the focus of slanted incident rays in receiving mode from 0° to 30° at step angle 10°. Simple analytical equations are derived to find the incident and reflected rays. This focal region of spherical reflector is studied in MATLAB program. Accuracy of the MATLAB results are validated by examining the focal region using an electromagnetic simulator, FEKO. The locus of feed of spherical reflector antenna for certain angles of the incident rays are presented in this study.
A Novel Step Counting Algorithm Based on Acceleration and Gravity Sensors of a Smart-Phone

Various sensors have been recently integrated in a smart-phone and step detection method based on the acceleration sensor of a smart-phone has been introduced for indoor positioning scheme. Many researchers have put their interests on the study of step detection algorithm based on the acceleration sensor. However, the estimation performances of these methods are not good enough or just suitable for the situation when the position of the smart-phone is fixed in hand because the performance is significantly degraded in other cases. In this paper, a novel step counting algorithm based on the acceleration and the gravity sensors is proposed to enhance the estimation performance regardless of the position of a smart-phone and the motions of a pedestrian likewise walking or running. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated with experiments and the performance of the proposed scheme is compared with those of the conventional schemes. According to the results, the performance of the proposed scheme is enhanced compared to the conventional schemes no matter what the pedestrian is walking or running although the phone is in different places like trouser pocket, shirt pocket and hands.
Identification of Predictors for Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke After Endovascular Therapy Using the Decision Tree Model

Purpose: This study aimed to identify independent predictors for the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods: Consecutive patients with AIS due to large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) were enrolled in a tertiary stroke center. Demographic and medical history data, admission lab results, and Circle of Willis (CoW) variations were collected from all patients. Results: Altogether, 90 patients were included in this study; among them, 34 (37.8%) had HT after MT. The final pruned decision tree (DT) model consisted of collateral score and platelet to lymphocyte ratios (PLR) as predictors. Confusion matrix analysis showed that 82.2% (74/90) were correctly classified by the model (sensitivity, 79.4%; specificity, 83.9%). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 81.7%. The DT model demonstrated that participants with collateral scores of 2–4 had a 75.0% probability of HT. For participants with collateral scores of 0–1, if PLR at admission was <302, participants had a 13.0% probability of HT; otherwise, participants had an 75.0% probability of HT. The final adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that collateral score 0–1 (OR, 10.186; 95% CI, 3.029–34.248; p < 0.001), PLR (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.001–1.010; p = 0.040), and NIHSS at admission (OR, 1.106; 95% CI, 1.014–1.205; p = 0.022) could be used to predict HT. The AUC for the model was 0.855, with 83.3% (75/90) were correctly classified (sensitivity, 79.4%; specificity, 87.3%). Less patients with HT achieved independent outcomes (mRS, 0–2) in 90 days (20.6% vs. 64.3%, p < 0.001). Rate of poor outcomes (mRS, 4–6) was significantly higher in patients with HT (73.5% vs. 19.6%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both the DT model and multivariate logistic regression model confirmed that the lower collateral status and the higher PLR were significantly associated with an increased risk for HT in AIS patients after MT. PLR may be one of the cost-effective and practical predictors for HT. Further prospective multicenter studies are needed to validate our findings.
Analyzing the Factors that Cause Parallel Performance Degradation in Parallel Graph-Based Computations Using Graph500

 Abstract — Recently, graph-based computations have become more important in large-scale scientific computing as they can provide a methodology to model many types of relations between independent objects. They are being actively used in fields as varied as biology, social networks, cybersecurity, and computer networks. At the same time, graph problems have some properties such as irregularity and poor locality that make their performance different than regular applications performance. Therefore, parallelizing graph algorithms is a hard and challenging task. Initial evidence is that standard computer architectures do not perform very well on graph algorithms. Little is known exactly what causes this. The Graph500 benchmark is a representative application for parallel graph-based computations, which have highly irregular data access and are driven more by traversing connected data than by computation. In this paper, we present results from analyzing the performance of various example implementations of Graph500, including a shared memory (OpenMP) version, a distributed (MPI) version, and a hybrid version. We measured and analyzed all the factors that affect its performance in order to identify possible changes that would improve its performance. Results are discussed in relation to what factors contribute to performance degradation.
Vulnerabilities of Cyber Security of Technical Intelligentsia in Relation to Social Engineering

In the field of cybersecurity, the most critical problems are with the human factor and, in particular, the problem of cyber protection of individual and collective consciousness and subconscious. The objects of cyber defense against social engineering, among others, are the individual and collective consciousness and the subconscious. Uncontrolled influences of social networks can have serious consequences for civilization and culture. The causes of vulnerabilities are the peculiarities of the functioning of social networks and the processes of information perception and thinking. Information technology and objective factors of thought processes turned out to be unprotected. Due to the high complexity, some of our models of reality are not based on knowledge, but on faith. The rest of the models can be based on the subconscious. Collective consciousness has certain vulnerabilities due to conflicts. Educated technical intelligentsia falls under some vulnerabilities more than ordinary people. Cognitive distortion " myside bias " forces us to remain faithful to our own worldviews and those of our group. Protection from the trap of distortion is a critical attitude towards yourself and your views. Only this will help us not to get stuck in the "trap of distortion". It must be understood that belief is a conditioned reflex of the mind, a habit, a stereotypical reaction of understanding, an explanation of the situation when a certain stimulus appears. You can work with conditioned reflexes. They can be installed and removed at will. To counteract the automatic reaction and conditioned reflexes, it is recommended to analyze the origin of beliefs, their inconsistency, adequacy and impact on activities.
Seasonal underground thermal energy storage using smart thermosiphon arrays

With oil prices high, and energy prices generally increasing, the pursuit of more economical and less polluting methods of climate control has led to the development of seasonal underground thermal energy storage (UTES) using pump-assisted smart thermosiphon arrays (STAs). With sufficient thermal storage capacity, it is feasible to meet all air-conditioning and heating requirements with a trivial fuel or electrical input in regions with hot summers and cold winters. In this dissertation, it is described how STAs can provide seasonal energy storage to meet all climate control needs. STAs are analyzed and compared with current similar technologies. The objective of this research was to create a methodology to design STA systems for any cooling load in any climate. Full year simulations were performed to model the charging and discharging processes to minimize total pipe length. The modeling results were validated with analytical solutions and some experimental data. The model developed was successfully able to simulate the heat transfer in and out of the soil through thermosiphon pipes over the course of one year using actual weather data and loads. Based on initial modeling results, a pilot-scale thermosiphon system was implemented. A description of this system and limited temperature data is put forth in Chapter 4.
Development of a power converter to improve CO tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Hydrogen for supplying fuel cells is oftentimes produced by reforming hydrocarbon fuels like natural gas. As a by-product of this process, carbon monoxide (CO) is produced, whose concentration can be as high as 500 ppm during start-up. The presence of such a contaminant in the fuel flow of the fuel cell has serious side effects derived from the reduction of its active area due to poisoning; which translates in reduced output voltage and power. To cope with this problem, the development of a power converter and current modulation technique is presented in this study. It is shown that the use of the proposed converter allows increasing CO tolerance of the stack, thus allowing the system to continue operation while showing minimal degradation in output voltage and power.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Radha Doraisamy, Minal Moharir, Rajakumar Arul Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India Centre for Smart Grid Techonologies/School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCOPE), Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai, Chennai, India
Electron Microscopic Studies of the External Gill Epithelium of the Salamander, Hynobius

The ultrastructure of the external gill epithelium of the salamander, Hynobius dunni Tago, is described with particular emphasis on the development and degeneration of the epithelial cells, and also its phagocytosis by macrophages. Two basic types of surface cells, ciliated and non-ciliated, were observed in the epithelium of the primary gill bar and secondary gill filaments throughout larval life. Based on their cytoplasmic density and organization as observed by transmission electron microscopy, the non-ciliated surface epithelial cells could be distinguished into three subclasses: pavement cells with mucous vacuoles, club-shaped clear cells with numerous vacuoles, and mitochondria-rich cells. Furthermore, two other types of epithelial cells were noted: basal cells and Leydig cells. During metamorphosis, both the ciliated and non-ciliated cells revealed prominent cytoplasmic vacuolation. In addition, ciliated cells lost their cilia. On the other hand, the pavment cells showed increased amounts of tonofilaments in their cytoplasm and progression of cornification. The basal cells did not degenerate, but their basement membranes became considerably thickened and undulating. Degenerating cells were neither contiguous at the epithelial surface nor sloughed, but were drawn inwards within the epithelium. However, phagocytizing epithelial cells were not observed. The intercellular spaces in the epithelium widened as metamorphosis progressed. Phagocytic macrophages with a strongly positive acid phosphatase or nonspecific esterase reaction in their heterophagic vacuoles were often seen in the intercellular spaces and in the subepithelial connective tissue. It is thought therefore that such macrophages may participate in the removal of degenerated cells, and the packing of cell debris in the macrophages results in external gill reduction in tadpoles.
Hepatic uptake of the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent Gd-EOB-DTPA, role of human organic anion transporters

Contrast enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the liver-specific agent Gd-EOB-DTPA has been shown to improve the detection rate of focal lesions. There is evidence from preclinical studies that multidrug organic anion transporters are involved in hepatic uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA. Therefore, we evaluated affinity of the contrast agent to human organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1) and to the Na + /taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) using stable transfected HEK293 cells. In competition assays, Gd-EOB-DTPA inhibited the uptake of bromosulfophthalein (BSP) by OATP1B1 (IC 50 = 0.6 mmol/l) and OATP1B3 (IC 50 = 0.4 mmol/l). In comparison, the IC 50 values for rifampicin were 11.9 µmol/l (OATP1B1), 1.4 µmol/l (OATP1B3) and 80.5 µmol/l (OATP2B1), respectively. Uptake of BSP by OATP2B1, uptake of taurocholic acid by NTCP and viability of all HEK cells were not influence by Gd-EOB-DTPA in concentrations up to 10 mmol/l. In uptake assays using a new LC-MS/MS method for quantification, Gd-EOB-DTPA was a substrate for OATP1B1 ( K m = 0.7 mmol/l, V max = 10.5 pmol/mg × min), OATP1B3 ( K m = 4.1 mmol/l, V max = 22.7 pmol/mg × min) and NTCP ( K m = 0.04 mmol/l, V max = 1.4 pmol/mg × min). The uptake by OATP2B1 was not different from the vector control. In conclusion, Gd-EOB-DTPA
NSS_A_349013 843..853

Purpose: Previous epidemiological and psychological studies have assessed the effects of napping on individual performance and health. However, these studies did not distinguish between spontaneous and passive napping due to sleep disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential motivation for napping among Chinese college students and to assess the relationship between different nap motivations and sleep. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university in Shanghai in March 2021 using convenience sampling. A total of 564 Chinese college students with self-reported napping habits participated in this study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to analyze 34 self-rated motivations for napping to derive a potential structural model of napping motivation. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the influence of nap motivation on sleep behavior. Results: Chinese college students mainly take naps to reduce fatigue, usually in the form of frequent and long naps (6.25 ± 1.24 days; 64.62 ± 23.70 min). A structural model of nap motivation named the I-DREAM model was proposed, consisting of six factors: restorative, induced, mindful, appetitive, dysregulative, and exercise naps. There were also sex differences in nap motivation, as women preferred restorative naps and appetitive naps, while men preferred exercise naps (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between nap motivation on nap duration, frequency and nighttime sleep quality (R= 2.70–18.9%). Conclusion: The proposed I-DREAM model implies that there are population differences in napping motivation. Different motivations also have different relationships with napping patterns and nighttime sleep. In understanding the relationship between naps and health status, nap motivation may be an extremely important influencing factor.
AI as statistical methods for imperfect theories

Science has progressed by reasoning on what models could not predict because 1 they were missing important ingredients. And yet without correct models, standard 2 statistical methods for scientiﬁc evidence are not sound. Here, I argue that machine- 3 learning methodology provides solutions to ground reasoning about empirically 4 evidence more on models’ predictions, and less on their ingredients. 5 Science uses false models as means for truer theory [Wimsatt, 1987]. How can statistical tools 6 ground valid reasoning on empirical evidence without true models? Generalization is the key. Here 7 I develop the argument that, unlike popular belief, reasoning from black-box models is good for 8 science, because it builds the validity of inferences on prediction of observables. 9
The Effectiveness and Reliability of Disclosing Solution in Adhesive Remnant Index: A Pilot Study

Introduction: In clinical investigation, scoring the adhesive remnant index (ARI) from tooth surface was difficult due to a lack of a contrasting color in the orthodontic adhesive. Adhesive remnant on the tooth surface is more visible if disclosing solution is applied after debonding. To date, no studies have assessed ARI using a disclosing solution. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of visual inspection and digital photography in ARI assessment using disclosing solution and to investigate the reliability of two examiners in scoring ARI on the tooth surface. Material and Method : Brackets of MBT prescription were bonded to the 10 extracted teeth using self-etching primer and light cure adhesive. All brackets from the samples were mechanically debonded using selected pliers. After debonding, disclosing solution was applied on the adhesive remnant and ARI score were visually recorded. The ARI were also scored from photographs of the samples which were taken with the macro lens of DSLR Camera. Comparison of ARI score between visual and photographic inspection were analyzed using Fisher Exact test. Intra-operator and Inter-operator reliability of ARI score were calibrated using Kappa test. Result : The Fisher Exact test revealed no statistically significance difference of ARI assessment between visual and photographic inspection (p > 0.95). ARI score of 3 were found 70% in both techniques. These findings indicated that the bond failure frequently occur between bracket and adhesive. Calibration was carried out and the result showed photographic inspection had a better agreement (K > 0.62) than visual inspection (K > 0.57) for both calibrations Conclusion: Disclosing solution application is a viable new approach for further clinical study of adhesive remnant on the tooth surface either by visual inspection or photography.
Raising the Bar for Civil Engineering: Implications of the International Engineering Alliance Graduate Attribute Profiles

Stephen Ressler, P.E. Ph.D. is Professor Emeritus from the U.S. Military Academy (USMA) at West Point and currently works as an education consultant. He earned a B.S. degree from USMA in 1979, a Master of Science in Civil Engineering from Lehigh University in 1989, and a Ph.D. from Lehigh in 1991. As an active duty Army officer, he served in a variety of military engineering assignments around the world. He served as a member of the USMA faculty for 21 years, including six years as Professor and Head of the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. He retired as a Brigadier General in 2013. He is a registered Professional Engineer in Virginia and a Distinguished Member of ASCE.
Process Parameters Optimization of 14nm MOSFET Using 2-D Analytical Modelling

This paper presents the modeling and optimization of 14nm gate length CMOS transistor which is down-scaled from previous 32nm gate length. High-k metal gate material was used in this research utilizing Hafnium Dioxide (HfO 2 ) as dielectric and Tungsten Silicide (WSi 2 ) and Titanium Silicide (TiSi 2 ) as a metal gate for NMOS and PMOS respectively. The devices are fabricated virtually using ATHENA module and characterized its performance evaluation via ATLAS module; both in Virtual Wafer Fabrication (VWF) of Silvaco TCAD Tools. The devices were then optimized through a process parameters variability using L9 Taguchi Method. There were four process parameter with two noise factor of different values were used to analyze the factor effect. The results show that the optimal value for both transistors are well within ITRS 2013 prediction where V TH and I OFF are 0.236737V and 6.995705nA/um for NMOS device and 0.248635 V and 5.26nA/um for PMOS device respectively.