Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tapestries of Innovation: Structures of Contemporary Open Source Project Engagements

Since the origins of the free-software movement, open source projects have fostered an environment for innovative ideas that has transformed much of our understanding of technology in everyday life. In our quest to learn more about the structures of large-scale contemporary open source engagements, we examine three open source networks as part of an ongoing field study (Van Maanen, 2011). We explore the innovation networks described by Lyytinen, Yoo, & Boland (2016) and resolve whether any of the open source innovative networks that we have been studying can be classified as Project, Clan, Federated, or Anarchic networks. We examine two collaborative open source projects (SPDX and OpenMAMA) housed at the Linux Foundation, and determine that they correspond to the Federated and Project innovation networks respectively. Further, we determined that the Linux Foundation itself, as an organization that houses numerous open source projects, did not fit any of the four types of networks. We therefore propose and authenticate a fifth type of network that we characterize as a Tapestry innovation network, which can illuminate the Linux Foundation’s complexity of horizontal “weft threads” of participating organizations with the vertical, less visible “warp threads” of responsibilities and endeavors. Our study reveals important implications for research and practice by challenging the accepted view of open source projects, which still largely regards engagement around loosely structured groups of volunteers working on publicly available software. It also reveals that foundations are playing increasingly strategic roles in creating and stabilizing open source projects.
Studies on the Inhibition and Molecular Properties of Crystalline Pseudomonas Isoamylase

Pseudomonas isoamylase was inhibited by N-bromosuccinimide, 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide, iodine (pH 8), iodoacetate (pH 3.5), phenylmercuriacetate, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, Hg2+ and Ag+. The enzyme was also inhibited by oligosaccharides with α-l,4-glucosidic linkages, and studies on the competitive inhibition by maltotriose showed that the enzyme has a site capable of binding α-l,4-linked glucosyl units.The subunit structure of the enzyme was determined by sedimentation equilibrium analysis and agarose gel filtration. The enzyme appears to be composed of two subunits, each with a molecular weight about 50,000 which are not linked covalently.
Operational estimates of reference evapotranspiration

(.) The Penman-Monteith and other forms of the Penman equation were compared at 11 international lysimeter sites, with the Penman-Monteith method and a Penman equation with variable wind function developed at Kimberly, ID providing the best estimates of reference ET across the sites. Ratios of computed alfalfa to grass reference ET during peak months at various locations averaged 1.32, and ranged from 1.12 to 1.43. Values of computed ratios were related to local wind and humidity conditions (.)
Nothing to Show for It: Non-Degreed Debt and the Financial Circumstances Associated with It

The number of individuals with student loan debt who do not earn their degrees is on the rise; nevertheless, there is little research that demonstrates the financial conditions and circumstances of these individuals. We address this knowledge gap by comparing the financial outcomes of student debt-holders who started college but did not earn a degree—those with nondegreed debt (NDD)—with similar individuals who did not attend college and did not take on student debt. We find that individuals with NDD had greater odds of experiencing material and healthcare hardships, as well as financial difficulties. Individuals with NDD also had greater financial anxiety and lower levels of financial well-being. Despite these challenges, individuals with NDD were more optimistic than high school graduates concerning future college enrollment and earnings. We discuss the implications of these findings with regards to financial aid policies, debt repayment policies, and college retention and re-enrollment efforts.
What Male Caregivers of Women With Breast Cancer Want in an Online Intervention: A Qualitative Study

The diversity in cancer caregiver responsibilities often leaves caregivers feeling ill-prepared for their role. To inform the development of an online caregiver training intervention, we examined the views of men caring for a woman with breast cancer on intervention mode, timing, and content preferences. Thirteen men participated in a qualitative interview. The findings reveal that an online intervention should include educational content and psychological support, be interactive and personalized, and be available from the point of diagnosis. There is encouraging support for an online caregiver training intervention that covers numerous topics and is available for men to tailor how they use the content based on their individual needs.
ROLE OF Rosmarinus officinalis PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN TREATMENT OF Entamoeba histolytica INFECTION

The present study was designed to detect role of phenolic compounds against the E. histolytica. The study used 20 adult male rats that distributed to four groups (each group consist 5 rats); control group that received normal saline, second group rat administrated with E. histolytica at dose 10 3 cyst/ml. third group rat administrated with E. histolytica at dose 10 3 cyst/ml and treated with 50ug/ml of phenolic compoundsfor four weeks. Fourth group rat administrated with E. histolytica at dose 10 3 cyst/ml and treated with 100ug/ml of phenolic compoundsfor four weeks. The results show high significant increased (P < 0.05) in levels AST, ALT and MDA with high significant decreased (P < 0.05) in levels of catalase in second group compared with control group. The results of third and fourth groups show non-significant changes (P < 0.05) in all parameters compare with control group when using phenolic compounds. About the histological changes, second group show degeneration of hepatocytes with thickening wall of central vein and infiltration of mononucleated inflammatory. After treatment by using phenolic compounds, tissues of liver appear semi-normal in third and fourth groups. It was concluded that phenolic compounds has arole against E. histolytica.
Short-term behavioural response of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, to acoustic and stroboscopic stimuli

Deterrents that limit the dispersal of non-native fishes into waterways are important tools for managing aquatic invasions. Acoustic and stroboscopic stimuli may be used to limit the dispersal of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a widely invasive species. This study exposed wild-caught common carp to stroboscopic, acoustic, or combined-stimuli treatments, to observe changes made in their activity and in the number of passes made across the deterrent. Mixed-effects models determined that for all treatments, common carp spent more time moving actively during the stimulus and post-stimulus periods than during the control period. Common carp deterrent passes differed according to treatments. In the stroboscopic treatment, passes only increased during the post-stimulus period, in the acoustic treatment there were no significant differences across stimulus periods, and in the combined treatment passes decreased during the stimulus period. These results indicate that stimulus-induced behavioural changes may be sustained for short periods of time (> 30 min) after the deactivation of a stimulus deterrent. Our study found a muted avoidance response in comparison to other acoustic deterrent studies, likely due to the lack of sufficient stimulus refuge. Finally, individuals that were exposed to both stimuli did not express additive behavioural responses in comparison to individuals that were only exposed to one stimulus type. Our findings highlight important considerations for deterrent technologies and directly quantify the behavioural response of combined deterrent stimuli.
Simple Local Computation Algorithms for the General Lovász Local Lemma

We consider the task of designing Local Computation Algorithms (LCA) for applications of the Lovasz Local Lemma (LLL). LCA is a class of sublinear algorithms proposed by Rubinfeld et al. that have received a lot of attention in recent years. The LLL is an existential, sufficient condition for a collection of sets to have non-empty intersection (in applications, often, each set comprises all objects having a certain property). The ground-breaking algorithm of Moser and Tardos made the LLL fully constructive, following earlier results by Beck and Alon giving algorithms under significantly stronger LLL-like conditions. LCAs under those stronger conditions were given in Rubinfeld et al., where it was asked if the Moser-Tardos algorithm can be used to design LCAs under the standard LLL condition. The main contribution of this paper is to answer this question affirmatively. In fact, our techniques yield LCAs for settings beyond the standard LLL condition.
Biological Sequence Comparison, Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics

ABSTRACT For closely related sequences there is a single optimal alignment which provides an accurate measure of similarity, structure, function and evolutionary history. However, with increasing evolutionary distances between nucleotide sequences the single optimal alignment method is replaced by an ensemble of alignments of almost equal quality and ensemble of different self-folded conformations. Recurring difficulties associated with diverged sequence data include alternative alignment possibilities of insertions and deletions, region of length variations in which homology assessment is questionable or impossible, occurrence of localized excessive mutations to the point of saturation and lost of phylogenetic signals. Therefore, for diverged sequences optimizing similarity will not necessarily improve structure, function and evolutionary history assessments. Here our aim is to present an overview of the methods involved in sequence analysis which are critical for current theoretical and application development. However, we do not follow historical events. For sequence comparison we focus on those methods that are based on exhaustive schemes, which are classically formulated as dynamic programming algorithms. They consist either of optimization schemes which find the best alignment for a given model, or of probabilistic schemes based on partition functions—in which all alignments, with their respective weights, are evaluated.
A Method for Monitoring Movements of Small Fishes in Urban Streams

Abstract The Front Range region of Colorado is an ecological transition zone between the Rocky Mountains and the western Great Plains. Changes to streams resulting from urban and agricultural land uses have contributed to the decline of many plains and transition zone fishes. The fragmentation of stream systems by dams, weirs, and diversions is among the most detrimental of these changes. These structures can inhibit fish spawning migrations, the search for sporadic resources, and recolonization of empty habitats. To assess the magnitude of the problem, there is a distinct need to determine whether existing instream structures are barriers to migration. A relatively simple method of doing so involves giving fish a unique mark and tracking their movements in the vicinity of a suspected barrier. We individually marked fish (15 species; 2,724 individuals) with visual implant elastomer (VIE) marks and tracked their movements across a grade control structure in Spring Creek in Fort Collins, Colorado. Results f.
Constraining the EdGB theory with higher harmonics and merger-ringdown contribution using GWTC-3

In this paper, we revisit the problem of using gravitational wave data to test the Einstein-dilation-Gauss-Bonnet theory, by using nine selected gravitational wave events from GWTC-3. Compared with existing work, we are taking into account the higher harmonics more properly and we also study the contribution of the merger-ringdown data. Using the inspiral data alone, we find that the best result is from GW200115, giving $\sqrt{|\alpha|}<1.1$ km, which is about 17\% tighter than the previous best result. We also notice the possible existence of a simple unexpected relation among the constraints from different events. Several combinations of the selected events give $\sqrt{|\alpha|} \leq 1.0$ km. The result is further improved when the merger-ringdown data is also included, using two phenomenological schemes, giving $\sqrt{|\alpha|}<0.87$ km for GW200115 in the best case scenario.
Antihypertensive activity of himbacine in anesthetized cats

Himbacine is a plant alkaloid isolated from Galbulimima baccata. Intravenous administration of himbacine produced a fall in blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized normotensive cats. These effects were similar in areflexic and normal cats, suggesting direct peripheral action with no central component involvement. Presence of himbacine did not alter the preganglionic stimulation of cat nictitating membrane, ruling out the possibility of ganglion blockade. In isolated rabbit aorta, himbacine inhibited K+‐induced contraction, an effect similar to that of papaverine. These data indicate that antihypertensive and bradycardiac actions of himbacine are mediated through its direct depressant action on myocardium and blood vessels, and that the compound is relatively safe with i.p. LD50 in mice of 230 mg/kg.
Effects of diet, habitat, and phylogeny on the fecal microbiome of wild African savanna (Loxodonta africana) and forest elephants (L. cyclotis)

Abstract The gut microbiome, or the community of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract, is often unique to its symbiont and, in many animal taxa, is highly influenced by host phylogeny and diet. In this study, we characterized the gut microbiome of the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), sister taxa separated by 2.6–5.6 million years of independent evolution. We examined the effect of host phylogeny on microbiome composition. Additionally, we examined the influence of habitat types (forest versus savanna) and diet types (crop‐raiding versus noncrop‐raiding) on the microbiome within L. africana. We found 58 bacterial orders, representing 16 phyla, across all African elephant samples. The most common phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The microbiome of L. africana was dominated by Firmicutes, similar to other hindgut fermenters, while the microbiome of L. cyclotis was dominated by Proteobacteria, similar to more frugivorous species. Alpha diversity did not differ across species, habitat type, or diet, but beta diversity indicated that microbial communities differed significantly among species, diet types, and habitat types. Based on predicted KEGG metabolic pathways, we also found significant differences between species, but not habitat or diet, in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. Understanding the digestive capabilities of these elephant species could aid in their captive management and ultimately their conservation.
Bacterial leaf blight of strawberry (Fragaria (x) ananassa) caused by a pathovar of Xanthomonas arboricola, not similar to Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy & King. Description of the causal organism as Xanthomonas arboricola pv. fragariae (pv. nov., comb. nov.)

A new bacterial disease of strawberry is described. This disease, called bacterial leaf blight of strawberry, is characterized by dry, brown necrotic leaf spots and large brown V-shaped lesions along the leaf margin, midrib and major veins. Symptoms are different from angular leaf spot of strawberry caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas fragariae. Strains of the bacterial leaf blight pathogen were characterized in a polyphasic approach by biochemical tests, fatty acid analysis, protein electrophoresis, serology, PCR, pigment analysis, ice-nucleation activity, AFLP analysis, DNA:DNA hybridization, pathogenicity and host range tests, and compared with a number of reference strains of X. fragariae and other Xanthomonas species. Bacterial leaf blight strains formed a homogeneous group in all tests, completely different from X. fragariae. They were the only strains causing leaf blight of strawberry upon artificial inoculation into strawberry. Fatty acid and protein electrophoretic analysis showed that the strains belong to the phenon X. campestris (sensu latu, including pathovars now classified as belonging to X. arboricola). AFLP analysis and DNA:DNA hybridization further clarified their taxonomic position as belonging to X. arboricola. The name X. arboricola pv. fragariae is proposed for the bacterium causing leaf blight of strawberry with strain PD2780 (LMG 19145) as pathovar type strain. Criteria for routine identification are given and the taxonomic status is discussed.
CISum: Learning Cross-modality Interaction to Enhance Multimodal Semantic Coverage for Multimodal Summarization

Multimodal summarization (MS) aims to generate a summary from multimodal input. Previous works mainly focus on textual semantic coverage metrics such as ROUGE, which considers the visual content as supplemental data. Therefore, the summary is ineffective to cover the semantics of different modalities. This paper proposes a multi-task cross-modality learning framework (CISum) to improve multimodal semantic coverage by learning the cross-modality interaction in the multimodal article. To obtain the visual semantics, we translate images into visual descriptions based on the correlation with text content. Then, the visual description and text content are fused to generate the textual summary to capture the semantics of the multimodal content, and the most relevant image is selected as the visual summary. Furthermore, we design an automatic multimodal semantics coverage metric to evaluate the performance. Experimental results show that CISum outperforms baselines in multimodal semantics coverage metrics while maintaining the excellent performance of ROUGE and BLEU.
Alleviation of Liver Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Underlies the Protective Effect of Ferulic Acid in Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Introduction In multiple studies, involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of methotrexate (MTX)-mediated liver damage has been confirmed. Use of many drugs has been examined experimentally in order to prevent or diminish oxidative stress. However, no study has yet examined the effects of ferulic acid (FA) on MTX-induced liver damage. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of FA on protection against liver damage induced by MTX in mice. Materials and Methods In this the mice were divided into five groups in a random manner: I) control; II) MTX (20 mg/kg); III and IV) FA (50 and 100 mg/kg) + MTX; and V) FA (100 mg/kg), and we measured serum factors, oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. Results In the MTX group, accumulation of inflammatory cells, accumulation of red blood cell (RBC), and nuclear pyknosis (NP) were detected in the liver. In line with the histological data, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α increased (TNF-α), whereas the reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) content reduced in the MTX group. However, FA ameliorated these hazardous effects in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory systems in MTX-treated groups. Conclusion Based on our findings, oxidative stress impairment and MTX-induced liver damage were ameliorated following FA pretreatment at both histological and biochemical levels. Therefore, FA can be effectively used in abrogation of MTX-induced toxicity.
Regional patterns of continental shelf polychaete diversity: examples for the North Sea, English Channel, Irish Sea and Outer Bristol Channel areas

Abstract Polychaetes are a well-represented group in most marine and estuarine environments, both in terms of number of individuals and species; they typically constitute a significant percentage of the total macrofaunal diversity. The aim of our analyses was to characterise the biodiversity and regional distribution patterns of polychaete assemblages from the continental shelf (0–200 m) of the North Sea, English Channel and Irish Sea. Variations in depth and local distribution of sediment types, amongst other environmental factors, are the main factors affecting the pattern of distribution of benthic polychaetes. Here we applied and compared different approaches to draw the diversity pattern of this marine invertebrate group on a regional biogeographical scale, and to identify the main factors structuring these patterns.
A single QTL on chromosome 6DS derived from a winter wheat cultivar ‘OW104’ confers resistance to Wheat yellow mosaic virus

Wheat yellow mosaic (WYM) is a soilborne disease caused by Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV). Symptoms include yellow mosaic coloring of leaves, stunting, and growth inhibition. Severe infection may result in yield loss. WYM is one of the most serious diseases affecting wheat production in East Asia. The most effective control is through breeding resistant cultivars. A winter wheat cultivar, ‘OW104’, shows little to no symptoms in heavily WYMV-infested fields in Hokkaido, Japan. Here we detected Qym4, a QTL accounting for 45%–57% of WYMV resistance, in the vicinity of the markers Xcfd49, Xbarc183, and Xgpw4357 on wheat chromosome arm 6DS. F3 progenies with ‘OW104’ allele at Qym4 showed significantly higher resistance than those with ‘Hokushin’ homozygote or heterozygote. We developed ‘Hokushin’ near-isogenic lines by backcrossing with ‘Hokushin’ as the recurrent parent and ‘OW104’ as the resistance donor. All the WYMV-resistant BC5F1/BC4F1 plants carried ‘OW104’ allele only at Xcfd49. Our results suggest that the introduction of Qym4 confers resistance to WYMV in winter wheat.
Diversidade genética em seleção recorrente de maracujazeiro-amarelo detectada por marcadores microssatélites

The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability in two recurrent selection cycles of the yellow passion flower (Passiflora edulis), and to evaluate the impact of selection on the progenies selected via changes in allele frequency, detected by microsatellite markers. Twenty-three microsatellites were used for genotyping 66 full-siblings. Allele frequency, expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (PIC) and inbreeding coefficient (f) were estimated. Thirty-two alleles were found in these populations, of which only two were lost during selection. The average number of alleles per locus was 2.46 in the first cycle, and 2.30 in the second. The differences in allele frequencies in the two cycles were not significant. The mean He in the first cycle was 0.20 per locus, slightly higher than Ho (0.15). In the second selection cycle, the mean value of Ho was lower than of He, with an average of 0.12. The mean values of f increased in the second selection cycle, from 0.26 to 0.32. Most of the loci showed negative values of f, which suggests high levels of heterozygosity. The mean value of PIC decreased from 0.18 to 0.16 in the second cycle. There were small losses of variability and changes in allele frequencies; however, these variations can be considered normal when selection is practiced.