Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Face shape of unaffected parents with cleft affected offspring: combining three-dimensional surface imaging and geometric morphometrics.

OBJECTIVE Various lines of evidence suggest that face shape may be a predisposing factor for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P). In the present study, 3D surface imaging and statistical shape analysis were used to evaluate face shape differences between the unaffected (non-cleft) parents of individuals with CL / P and unrelated controls. METHODS Sixteen facial landmarks were collected from 3D captures of 80 unaffected parents and 80 matched controls. Prior to analysis, each unaffected parent was assigned to a subgroup on the basis of prior family history (positive or negative). A geometric morphometric approach was utilized to scale and superimpose the landmark coordinate data (Procrustes analysis), test for omnibus group differences in face shape, and uncover specific modes of shape variation capable of discriminating unaffected parents from controls. RESULTS Significant disparity in face shape was observed between unaffected parents and controls (p < 0.01). Notably, these changes were specific to parents with a positive family history of CL/P. Shape changes associated with CL/P predisposition included marked flattening of the facial profile (midface retrusion), reduced upper facial height, increased lower facial height, and excess interorbital width. Additionally, a sex-specific pattern of parent-control difference was evident in the transverse dimensions of the nasolabial complex. CONCLUSIONS The faces of unaffected parents from multiplex cleft families displayed meaningful shape differences compared with the general population. Quantitative assessment of the facial phenotype in cleft families may enhance efforts to discover the root causes of CL/P.
Risk factors and reporting status for attempted Suicide: A hospital-based study

Context: Suicide is a major public health problem and ranks second among the leading causes of death in both genders in 15-34 years. Suicidal attempts are 20 times higher than the completed suicides. Aims: The aim was to identify background risk factors and precipitating factors for suicide attempts in Pondicherry district and to find out the reporting status of suicide attempts. Settings and Design: Hospital-based descriptive study. Subjects and Methods: 200 subjects who have attempted suicide from JIPMER and Indira Gandhi Government Hospital and Post Graduate Institute Pondicherry were interviewed. Monthly data on attempted suicide were collected from Crime Record Bureau of Pondicherry and Villupuram district and Medical Records Department of these two hospitals was collected. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 16.0 was used. Chi-square test was used to test the significance of the difference between two proportions. Results: Most common precipitating factor found among those who attempted suicide was verbal abuse, most often by parents (31.9%). The most common mode of suicide attempt was consumption of chemical poison in 56% of subjects followed by plant poison 41.5%. The suicide intention was high in 81.5% of subjects. No significant difference in risk factors could be found between subjects from Pondicherry and villupuram district. It was found that there was gross under-reporting of attempted suicides to Crime Records Bureau. Conclusions: Measurement of suicide intention enables us to predict the future suicidal behavior in adults; individuals with a high suicide intent index pose a major public health problem. Hence, there is a need for opportunistic screening of those with suicidal ideations as well as counseling and follow-up of those with suicide attempts to prevent further attempts.
Why do a pilot study

Pilot studies, or feasibility studies provide important information for design and justification of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). As largescale RCTs are time-and resource-consuming, and most of funding bodies require preliminary evidence before supporting main RCTs, pilot studies should be as carefully designed and rigorously conducted as main RCTs should be. In this sense, I was puzzled to read the article "a pilot clinical study on the Traditional Korean Medicine treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" by Kim et al. Pilot studies are usually conducted with the following objectives:1) sample size calculation, 2) checking the integrity and feasibility of study protocol, 3) checking the feasibility of outcome measures, 4) checking the randomisation procedures, 5) checking the feasibility of recruitment and consent, 6) checking the acceptability of intervention, and 7) selection of most appropriate primary outcome measure. Although Kim et al. stated their study as pilot, it is not a randomised study and sample size calculation or checking the randomisation procedures may not be possible. Nevertheless, the study protocol including intervention, outcome measures and analysis, and adverse events should have been under careful scrutiny. In the discussion, the authors provide only general information on the intervention and outcome measures used but it is questionable whether future large-scale trials can be designed and performed based on the information presented in this article. It would have been more helpful if the authors reported whether amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale revised (ALS-FRSR) and modified Medical Research Council (MRC) scale used in the study worked well and which of the two would fit for the primary outcome measure, how and what unexpected problems were sorted out, or how patient informed consent were obtained. Another important characteristic of pilot studies is that they cannot provide the definite conclusion, thus analysis and presentation of results should be descriptive and/or focus on confidence interval estimation. In Kim et al.'s study, however, statistical test results are presented, which should be avoided without formal hypothesis testing and proper power calculation. Pilot studies should not be conducted simply because only a small number of patients are available or because of lack of funding. "Case series" would better fit for labelling Kim et al.'s study, rather than "a pilot study".
Late postnatal systemic steroids predispose to retinopathy of prematurity in very‐low‐birth‐weight infants: a comparative study

Background and objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) develops mostly in very‐low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) premature infants. Besides prematurity and hyperoxia, other variables have been brought up as risk factors for ROP. We aimed to search risk factors for ROP by comparing two groups of preemies, one with and the other without ROP.
Regarding "Intrathecal vincristine: 3 fatal cases and a review of the literature".

REFERENCES 1. Yangci V, Varan A, Uner A, et al. Thymic Langerhans cell histiocytosis mimicking lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008;51: 833–835. 2. Turgut M, Gurçay O. Multi-focal histiocytosis X of bone in two adjacent vertebrae causing paraplegia. Aust N Z J Surg. 1992;62:241–244. 3. Gadner H, Heitger A, Grois N, et al. Treatment strategy for disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis. DAL HX-83 Study Group. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1994;23: 72–80. 4. Khadilkar UN, Rao ATK, Sahoo KK, et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the mediastinal node. Indian J Pediatr. 2008;75:294–296.
The novel WT1 gene mutation p.H377N associated to Denys-Drash syndrome.

SUMMARY Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man number 194080) is a rare human developmental disease generally occurring in 46,XY individuals characterized by the combination of disorder of sex development, early onset nephropathy, and Wilms' tumor (WT). DDS is mainly caused by mutations in the WT1 gene. This report describes a novel WT1 gene mutation in a DDS patient. Sequencing the WT1 gene revealed a heterozygous transversion CAT>AAT within exon 8, causing the substitution of an asparagine for a histidine at residue 377. The p.H377N mutation is predicted to diminish the WT1 protein DNA-binding affinity as it might disrupt the normal zinc finger 2 conformation.
Metabolic Assessment of Tissue Oxygenation

From the early days of critical care medicine, physiological monitoring tech niques have been introduced in the intensive care unit (ICU) to help clinicians recognize hy poperfusion and tissue hypoxia. As a broad generalization, these monitoring techniques have three characteristics in common: They are complex, expensive, and invasive. None of these physiological monitoring techniques is more ubiquitous or controversial than the pulmonary artery (PA) catheter, a device originally developed to monitor central pressures but whose use was extended to measure cardiac output, systemic oxygen transport, and O 2 consumption. Although the PA catheter has provided much insight into the physiology of pulmonary oxy genation in critically ill patients, it is questionable whether this information is relevant to the assessment of peripheral tissue oxygenation. Clinical experience with measures of systemic O 2 delivery and consumption catheter has demonstrated that systemic measures of oxygen ation are insensitive markers of cellular hypoxia. Moreover, there is growing evidence that the PA catheter itself may be an independent risk of mortality in many patients. 1
Minimizing adjuvant treatment after transoral robotic surgery through surgical margin revision and exclusion of radiographic extracapsular extension: A Prospective observational cohort study

We investigated in a prospective cohort of patients treated with trans‐oral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), who were selected for the absence of radiographic extra‐capsular extension (ECS) and surgically revised for inadequate margins, the possibility of reducing adjuvant radiation (RT)/chemo‐radiation therapy (CRT) without jeopardizing tumor control and functional outcome.
A Code of Ethics for Health Care Ethics Consultants: Journey to the Present and Implications for the Field

For decades a debate has played out in the literature about who bioethicists are, what they do, whether they can be considered professionals qua bioethicists, and, if so, what professional responsibilities they are called to uphold. Health care ethics consultants are bioethicists who work in health care settings. They have been seeking guidance documents that speak to their special relationships/duties toward those they serve. By approving a Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibilities for Health Care Ethics Consultants, the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH) has moved the professionalization debate forward in a significant way. This first code of ethics focuses on individuals who provide health care ethics consultation (HCEC) in clinical settings. The evolution of the code's development, implications for the field of HCEC and bioethics, and considerations for future directions are presented here.
Effect of training on health-related quality of life, pain and falls in osteoporotic women

Physical inactivity is a risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures. The aim of the study was to see if supervised training would improve health-related quality of life (HRQL), reduce pain and falls in osteoporotic women. Women with established osteoporosis (n=124) were invited to a 1-year, follow-up study. Seventy-three women aged 60–81 years met the inclusion criteria and were randomized to an exercise (E) or control (C) group. A 4-month, supervised group training programme was designed. Participants were studied using HRQL questionnaires, clinical tests and dynamic posturography. Thirty-one women in the E-group and 34 women in the C-group completed the study. The E-group improved in six SF-36 domains and mental component summary (MCsum) index and also in worst pain intensity (p<0.01) after the supervised exercise training. Differences were found between the groups when comparing changes in four SF-36 domains, MCsum and worst pain (p=0.001). Physical activity level decreased in the E-group after the supervised period. Mean time to first fall occurred earlier in the C-group than in the E-group for the first 4 months but the trend did not last for the 1-year follow-up. The study suggests that supervised group training is beneficial for women with established osteoporosis.
Prediction of Peak Oxygen Consumption in Patients with Intermittent Claudication

Determination of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) is considered important for assessing a patient's functional capacity and for exercise prescription. However, the equipment necessary to obtain accurate determination of Vo2peak is not always available in clinical settings. The present study sought to develop an equation to estimate VO2peak in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) patients with intermittent claudication and to determine independent predictors of VO2peak in this population. One hundred and fifty-seven patients with intermittent claudication were assigned to either a validation group (n = 105) or a cross-validation group (n = 52). Medical history, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age, gender, smoking status, resting and postexercise ankle/brachial systolic pressure index (ABI), and time to maximal claudication pain and maximal heart rate from an incremental graded exercise test (GXT) were used as potential independent predictors of VO2peak. Time to onset of maximal claudication pain, maximal heart rate, and BMI were all independently associated with VO2peak. These variables were used to estimate VO2peak by the following equation: VO2peak (mL/kg/min) = (0.00872 x maximal claudication pain time [sec] ) + (0.02839 x maximal heart rate [b/min] ) - (0.12034 x BMI) + 10.11411 r = 0.71, r2 = 0.50, standard error of estimate = 2.02 mL/kg/min, p < 0.0001 There was no significant difference between the estimated and actual VO2peak in the cross-validation group, and the coefficient of variation between estimated and actual VO 2peak in this group was 18.3%. There was no significant difference between the corre lation coefficient for the relationship between estimated and actual VO2peak in the cross- validation group (r = 0.61) and the multiple correlation coefficient from the validation group (r = 0.71). Results of this study suggest that a multiple regression equation can be used to estimate VO2peak in patients with intermittent claudication by measuring time to maximal claudication pain and maximal heart rate from a GXT and by measuring BMI.
Messung von sehr geringen o-Toluidin-Konzentrationen am Arbeitsplatz für die Blutzuckerbestimmung

Bei der Blutzuckerbestimmung mit dem 0-ToluidinEisessigreagenz soll nach BURGI und MITTELHOLZER (l·) die Gefahr einer Vergiftung durch 0-Toluidin bestehen. Von den angegebenen Vergiftungs-Moglichkeiten ist das Einatmen der Dampfe durch das Laborpersonal am schwierigsten zu vermeiden. Als tolerierte Luftkontamination geben BURGI und MITTELHOLZER den fur 0-Toluidin festgesetzten MAK-Wert) von Sppm (= 22 / ) (2, 3) an. Die Autoren lassen aber die Frage offen, wie hoch die 0-Tokudin-Konzentrationen in der Laborluft bei routinemasiger Durchfuhrung der Methode und unter extremen Bedingungen tatsachlich sind. Da uber sauren Losungsmitteln die Dampf dichten von gelosten Basen wegen der Salzbildung auserst gering sind, erscheint es fraglich, ob uberhaupt toxische Konzentrationen erreicht werden konnen. Im Hinblick auf die weite Verbreitung der Methode und die zur Zeit stattfindende Diskussion sollte die Frage einer angeblichen Vergiftungsgefahr jedoch genau untersucht werden.
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Analysis of Orthologous Gene Expression between Human Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma and a Carcinogen-Induced Murine Model

From the Departments of Medicine/Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine,* Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicine/ Renal Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, and Pathology,** and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Denver Veteran’s Administration Medical Center, Denver, Colorado; and the Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Survivors of Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumor

Advances in medical therapies have greatly improved survivorship rates in children diagnosed with brain tumor; as a result, morbidities associated with survivorship have become increasingly important to identify and address. In general, pediatric posterior fossa tumor survivors tend to be less physically active than peers. This may be related to late effects of diagnosis and treatment, including cardiovascular, endocrine, psychological, and neurocognitive difficulties. Exercise has been shown to be effective in improving physical functioning, mood, and even cognitive functioning. Consequently, the benefits of physical exercise need to be explored and incorporated into the daily lives of pediatric posterior fossa tumor survivors. The primary aim of the present study was to establish the feasibility and safety of cardiorespiratory fitness testing in pediatric posterior fossa tumor survivors who had received cranial radiation therapy. In addition, comparing our cohort with previously published data, we found that pediatric posterior fossa tumor survivors tended to be less fit than children with pulmonary disease and healthy controls and approximately as fit as children with chronic heart disease and survivors of other types of childhood cancer. The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in pediatric posterior fossa tumor survivors is discussed along with implications for future directions.
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Bioethicists Can and Should Contribute to Addressing Racism”

Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Bioethicists Can and Should Contribute to Addressing Racism” Yolonda Wilson, Marion Danis & Amina White To cite this article: Yolonda Wilson, Marion Danis & Amina White (2016) Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Bioethicists Can and Should Contribute to Addressing Racism”, The American Journal of Bioethics, 16:5, W1-W4, DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016. 1160163 To link to this article: http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/15265161.2016. 1160163
New guidelines for newborn resuscitation – a critical evaluation

The 2010 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation guidelines for newborn resuscitation represent important progress. The criteria for assessment are simplified based on heart rate and respiration only and there is no timing of stages after the first 60 sec. Instead of giving supplemental oxygen, the guidelines state that ‘it is best to start with air’. However, the optimal oxygen concentration later in the process and for premature babies is not yet clear. A description of an adequate heart rate response is not given, and the cut‐off of 100 bpm may be arbitrary. There are still no clear recommendations regarding ventilation, inspiratory time, use of positive end expiratory pressure or continuous positive airway pressure. The guidelines do not mention which paCO2 level might be optimal. As colour pink assessment and routine suctioning of airways are not recommended anymore, there is an urgent need to obtain international consensus and create a new and revised Apgar score without these two variables.
Differential effects of chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids on interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor–α production by monocytes

Cell‐mediated immunity and macrophage activity, especially that of Kupffer cells, are impaired during cholestasis. Some evidence exists that bile acids play a role in these immune defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of individual bile acids on immunity and to determine whether monocytes could be a target. We assessed the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid, an endogenous bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, which has been shown to partially correct the immunological abnormalities observed in primary biliary cirrhosis, and their tauroconjugates on the production of interleukin‐1, interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor–α. Chenodeoxycholic acid had a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on interleukin‐1 (inhibitory concentration 50% = 60 m̈mol/L), interleukin‐6 (inhibitory concentration 50% = 80 m̈mol/L) and tumor necrosis factor–α (inhibitory concentration 50% = 80 m̈mol/L) production; inhibition was almost complete at 250 m̈mol/L. In contrast, ursodeoxycholic acid had lesser or minimal inhibitory effects (inhibitory concentration 50% = 100 m̈mol/L for interleukin‐1 and above 200 m̈mol/L for interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor–α). The inhibitory effects of taurochenodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid were similar to those of chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid, respectively. Ursodeoxycholic acid did not reverse the chenodeoxycholic acid–induced inhibition of interleukin‐6 or tumor necrosis factor–α production. In conclusion, chenodeoxycholic acid exerts strong inhibitory effects on monocyte activity in vitro, whereas the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid are minor. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:719–723.)
Purification of cultured primary rat hepatocytes using selection with ricin a subunit

We had found several methods of hepatocyte isolation to be inadequate for removing Kupffer and endo thelial cells and so developed a method of selectively killing these nonparenchymal cells in hepatocyte cultures using the known selective uptake and toxicity of the protein synthesis inhibitor ricin and its A chain by nonparenchymal cells. Kupffer cells were quantitated with the Ku‐1 monoclonal antibody. Endothelial and Kupffer cells were identified by means of fluorescence microscopy after uptake of fluorescent‐labeled, acetylated low‐density lipoprotein. Freshly isolated hepatocyte suspensions contained 21% ± 1.2% (mean ± S.E.M.) as many nonparenchymal cells as hepatocytes (n=12), including 7.6% ± 1.0% as many Kupffer cells as hepatocytes (n=10). In monolayers of hepatocytes maintained up to 48 hr in serum‐free medium, 3% to 7% of cells were Ku‐1 positive, and 2% to 11% took up fluorescence‐labeled, acetylated low‐density lipoprotein. Purification of hepatocytes using Percoll densitygradient centrifugation, elutriation rotor or other means was only partially effective. Hepatocyte monolayers in serum‐free medium were incubated with various concentrations of ricin A chain for 1 hr, then washed and studied up to 48 hr later. Optimal treatment with 1.0 ng/ml ricin A chain resulted in decreased nonparenchymal cells 24 hr later and nearly complete loss of Kupffer and endothelial cells at 48 hr. Hepatocyte morphology and protein synthesis were unchanged. Ricin A chain can be used to eliminate Kupffer and endothelial cells from hepatocyte cultures. (Hepatology 1994;20:436–444.)