Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the impact of a residential housing programme for people living with HIV/AIDS: a realist evaluation protocol

Introduction Housing instability and homelessness are significant barriers to medical treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS. For these individuals, lack of stable housing and stigma is associated with insufficient access to care, poor adherence to medication and higher cost burdens to the healthcare system. This protocol reports on the efforts to evaluate Sanctum V.1. 0, a hospice and transitional care home for adults with HIV/AIDS in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The current project was developed out of a need to identify how Sanctum V.1. 0 produces varying programme outcomes to assist in endeavours to replicate the programme in other geographic locations. Methods and analysis A realist evaluation will be conducted to explore how and why Sanctum V.1. 0 is successful or unsuccessful, in which circumstances and for whom. Rather than explore the degree to which a programme is effective, realist evaluations seek to uncover mechanisms that explain processual links between programme inputs and outcomes. The completed first phase of the project involved the development of an initial realist programme theory. Phases 2 and 3 will consist of methods to test, refine and validate the initial theory using various data sources. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was obtained from the institutional review board at the University of Saskatchewan on 2 July 2020. Results will be disseminated according to stakeholders’ desires.
The Lived Experience Of Participants in an African RandomiseD trial (LEOPARD): protocol for an in-depth qualitative study within a multisite randomised controlled trial for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis

Introduction Individuals recruited into clinical trials for life-threatening illnesses are particularly vulnerable. This is especially true in low-income settings. The decision to enrol may be influenced by existing inequalities, poor healthcare infrastructure and fear of death. Where patients are confused or unconscious the responsibility for this decision falls to relatives. This qualitative study is nested in the ongoing AMBIsome Therapy Induction OptimisatioN (AMBITION) Trial. AMBITION is recruiting participants from five countries in sub-Saharan Africa and is trialling a novel treatment approach for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis, an infection known to affect brain function. We aim to learn from the experiences of participants, relatives and researchers involved in AMBITION. Methods and analysis We will collect data through in-depth interviews with trial participants and the next of kin of participants who were confused at enrolment and therefore provided surrogate consent. Data will be collected in Gaborone, Botswana; Kampala, Uganda and Harare, Zimbabwe. Interviews will follow a narrative approach including participatory drawing of participation timelines. This will be supplemented by direct observation of the research process at each of the three recruiting hospitals. Interviews will also take place with researchers from the African and European institutions that form the partnership through which the trial is administered. Interviews will be transcribed verbatim, translated (if necessary) and organised thematically for narrative analysis. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Health Research Development Committee, Gaborone (Reference: HPDME:13/18/1); Makerere School of Health Sciences Institutional Review Board, Kampala (Reference: 2019–061); University of Zimbabwe Joint Research Ethics Committee, Harare (Reference: 219/19), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (Reference: 17957). Study findings will be shared with research participants from the sites, key stakeholders at each research institution and ministries of health to help inform the development and implementation of future trials. The findings of this study will be published in journals and presented at academic meetings. Trial registration Registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov:NCT04296292.
S1742170520000174jra 163..172

Changed spatial configurations at sowing have been investigated as a strategy to minimize interspecific competition and improve the establishment and persistence of multi-species plantings in pastures, but the impact of this practice on the soil microbiome has received almost no previous research attention. Differences in populations of bacteria and fungi in the surface 10 cm of soil in the third year following pasture establishment were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Populations were compared on, and between, drill rows sown to either the perennial grass phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), perennial legume lucerne (alfalfa; Medicago sativa L.) or the annual legume subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Results showed that soil microbial abundance and diversity were related to plant distribution across the field at the time of sampling and to soil chemical parameters including total carbon (C), mineral nitrogen (N), pH, and available phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S). Despite the 27-month lag since sowing, pasture species remained concentrated around the original drill row with very little colonization of the inter-row area. The abundance and diversity of bacterial and fungal populations were consistently greater under drill rows associated with higher total C concentrations in the surface soil compared with the inter-row areas. Our results showed that the pH and available nutrients were similar between the subterranean clover drill row and the inter-row, suggesting that soil microbial populations were not impacted directly by these soil fertility parameters, but rather were related to the presence or absence of plants. The abundance of bacteria and fungi were numerically lower under phalaris rows compared to rows sown to legumes. The richness and diversity of fungal populations were lowest between rows where lucerne was planted. Possible explanations for this observation include a lower C:N ratio of lucerne roots and/or a lack of fibrous roots at the soil surface compared to the other species, illustrating the influence of contrasting plant types on the soil microflora community. This study highlights the enduring legacy of the drill row on the spatial distribution of plants well into the pasture phase of a cropping rotation and discusses the opportunity to enhance the microbiome of cropping soils on a large scale during the pasture phase by increasing plant distribution across the landscape.
Preparation and Characterization of Au Colloid Monolayers

The design and initial characterization of two-dimensional arrays of colloidal Au particles are reported. These surfaces are prepared by self-assembly of 12 nm diameter colloidal Au particles onto immobilized polymers having pendant functional groups with high affinity for Au (i.e., CN, SH, and NH 2 ). The polymers are formed by condensation of functionalized alkoxysilanes onto cleaned quartz, glass, and SiO 2 surfaces. The assembly protocol is carried out completely in solution: cleaned substrates are immersed in methanolic solutions of organosilane, rinsed, and subsequently immersed in aqueous colloidal Au solutions. Two-dimensional arrays spontaneously form on the polymer surface. The resulting substrates have been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). TEM data show that the particles are spatially separated but close enough to interact electromagnetically (small spacing compared to λ). The UV-vis data show that collective particle surface plasmon modes are present in the 650-750 nm region, suggesting that these assemblies are SERS-active. This is indeed the case, with enhancement factors of roughly. Au colloid monolayers possess a set of features that make them very attractive for both basic and applied uses, including uniform roughness, high stability, and biocompatibility
Development of a Tool to Assess Competencies of Problem Management Plus Facilitators Using Observed Standardised Role Plays: The EQUIP Competency Rating Scale for Problem Management Plus

Problem Management Plus (PM+) is used to address mental health needs in humanitarian emergencies, including in response to COVID-19. Because PM+ is designed for non-specialist facilitators, one challenge is ensuring that trainees have the necessary competencies to effectively deliver the intervention and not cause unintended harm. Traditional approaches to evaluating knowledge of an intervention, such as written tests, may not capture the ability to demonstrate PM+ skills. As part of the World Health Organization Ensuring Quality in Psychological Support (EQUIP) initiative, we developed a structured competency rating tool to be used with observed standardised role plays. The role plays were designed to elicit demonstration of the key mechanisms of action for PM+. These role plays can be objectively rated by trainers, supervisors or other evaluators to determine facilitators’ competency levels in PM+. These competency assessments can highlight what skills require additional attention during training and supervision, thus supporting facilitators to fill gaps in competencies. The integration of role plays in training and supervision also allows organisations to establish quality control metrics for competency standards to deliver PM+. We describe lessons learned from piloting the PM+ competency role plays with the Center for Victims of Torture programme with Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia.
Temperature dependence of the A1 and E optical phonons in BaTiO3

Measurements of all A1 and E transverse and longitudinal phonons in BaTiO3 are reported in the temperature range 10 to 132 °C where the crystal is in the tetragonal phase. A least squares fitting of the spectral shapes is done and the resulting temperature dependence of the frequencies, linewidths and coupling parameters is presented. The temperature dependence of the phonon and electron contribution to the dielectric constant, e, in the c- and α-axes is determined and compared to the capacitance measurements. It is found that the dielectric constant discrepancy is highly anisotropic.
The Comfort Dog Project of Northern Uganda: An Innovative Canine-Assisted Psychosocial Trauma Recovery Programme

In 2012, BIG FIX Uganda, an American-based animal welfare organisation, began offering veterinary health services and animal welfare education in northern Uganda to improve the wellbeing of animals and their guardians. In 2014, the organisation expanded its inclusive health platform with the creation of the Comfort Dog Project − an animal-assisted psychosocial intervention for survivors of war trauma through the facilitation of human-dog companionship. This article focuses on how blending community trauma counselling with dog training and bonding instruction can improve the social and emotional skills of dog guardians while creating loving, stress-buffering relationships with their dogs. Fifty-nine guardians and their comfort dogs graduated this 20-week animal assisted trauma intervention between 2015 and 2020. Psychological assessments taken pre- and post-graduation, as well as annual follow-up testing over a 4-year-period, indicate that this therapeutic model can be effective at reducing the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and improving the wellbeing of both the guardians and their comfort dogs.
Accurate Solution and Gradient Computation for Interface Problems

There are numerous applications of ordinary or partial differential equations of boundary value problems (BVPs) such as the Navier-Stokes equations for bubble simulations or the Stefan problem modeling the interface between ice and water that are known as interface problems. For many interface problems, the free boundary or moving interface depends on the gradient of the solution. It is important to obtain not only the accurate solution but also accurate first order derivatives of the solution. There are several effective numerical methods such as finite difference or finite element methods for numerical ODE/PDEs that can generate accurate solutions but less accurate derivatives. During our research, we explored ways to compute solutions and derivatives to ODE/PDE BVPs accurately at the same time, particularly using a finite difference discretization. We began by writing code to solve two-point boundary value problems in one dimension, then moved our focus to problems with singular sources described by Dirac Delta functions, variable but discontinuous coefficients. We have implemented both Peskin’s Immersed Boundary (IB) Method and Li’s Immersed Interface Method (IIM). In our research, we have confirmed that IB method is first order accurate while IIM is second order in the L∞ norm. We further confirmed that the computed derivatives at the interface using one-sided finite differences were only first order accurate in general while the two sided approach using the IIM were second order accurate. The second conclusion is new and significant in this area. Multiple examples were examined that allowed us to confirm these findings. A proof for this result has yet to be found, and is a possibility for future work.
All for one or one for all ? Divestiture decision and performance through TMT functional diversity and orientation

In this paper, we propose to investigate the impact of TMT functional diversity and orientation on divestiture decisions and performance of the rm. We also explore the e¤ect of the t between the CEO and the TMT functional orientations on divestiture decision and performance. We test our hypothesis on a sample of 731 French SMEs . The ndings contribute to the strategic decision making by expanding our knowledge on additional drivers of divestitures decision and returns.
Maximum Flows in Planar Dynamic Networks. The Static Approach

The The research of flows in planar static networks is motivated by the fact that more efficient algorithms can be developed by exploiting the planar structure of the graph. An nontrivial extension of the maximum static flow problem is the maximum dynamic flow model, where the transit time to traverse an arc is taken into consideration. The problem of finding a maximum flow in dynamic network is more complex than the problem of finding a maximum flow in static network. Happily, this complication can be solved by rephrasing the problem from dynamic network 𝐷 in a multiple source multiple sink static reduced expanded network 𝑅 0 . If dynamic network 𝐷 is planar, we show that the network 𝑅 0 is planar.
Influence of HOCl…O3 and HOCl…HOCl interactions on the stability of O3(HOCl)2 complexes: a theoretical study

We have analysed the role of HOCl…O3 and HOCl…HOCl interactions on the stability of four estimated O3(HOCl)2 complexes by means of ab initio molecular orbital calculations. It is predicted that the O3(HOCl) + HOCl reaction is more energetically favourable than (HOCl)2 + O3 one. In all complexes, HOCl…HOCl interaction is stronger than HOCl…O3 one. The results show that the HOCl…O3 interaction strengthens the HOCl…HOCl one. On the other hand, O…H interaction in HOCl…O3 moiety is strengthened when it interacts with HOCl. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules predicts that the weak interactions in O3(HOCl)2 complexes have electrostatic characteristic. In all complexes, the charge transfer from O3 to (HOCl)2 is expected from natural bond orbital analysis.
ROY DYCKHOFF WAS A RARE NONCONFORMIST

This paper introduces a logical system, called BV , which extends multiplicative linear logic by a non-commutative self-dual logical operator. This extension is particularly challenging for the sequent calculus, and so far it is not achieved. It becomes very natural in a new formalism, called the calculus of structures, which is the main contribution of this work. Structures are formulae submitted to certain equational laws typical of sequents. The calculus of structures is obtained by generalising the sequent calculus in such a way that a new top-down symmetry of derivations is observed, and it employs inference rules that rewrite inside structures at any depth. These properties, in addition to allow the design of BV , yield a modular proof of cut elimination. Table of
CHEAP TALK IS NOT CHEAP: FREE VERSUS COSTLY COMMUNICATION

The paper studies the effectiveness of communication in a two-player two-sided asymmetric information context. Both players choose simultaneously between two actions, with action L leading to a lower payoff for the co-player than action H. There are two types of players: D-types for whom L is dominant, and C-types for whom the optimal action is the same as the one chosen by the co-player, with both player choosing H providing the C-type a higher payoff than both players choosing L. Before the actions are chosen, each player can signal his/her intention to choose H. We consider three communication environments: No communication (NC), cheap talk (CT), and an environment with extrinsic communication costs (FC). For this game the range of equilibrium payoffs of both types is the same in NC and CT, while for C-types the equilibrium payoff is highest in FC due to the Spence mechanism (Spence 1973). When we tested these predictions experimentally, the C-type payoffs were the highest in CT. In this environment the average observed C-type payoff was even higher than the maximum equilibrium payoff. In CT about half of the D-types did not mimic the communication behavior of C-types, and hence even cheap talk revealed some information to the C-types. This indicates that half of the D-types were reluctant to make promises they would break. We introduce a theoretical model with promisekeepers. When the probability of an agent being promise-keeper is around 50%, the signaling rate will be higher in CT than in FC. On the other hand, for the same signal structure C-types choose more often H in the FC than in CT. These predictions are confirmed by the experimental results. Overall, the effect of the higher signalling rate in CT dominates: Together with presence of promisekeepers the higher signalling rate allows the C-types to coordinate more often on the \good" (H;H) outcome in CT, resulting in higher C-type payoffs in CT than in FC. JEL Classification: C7, C9
The nexus between unemployment and economic growth in Serbia: Does Okun's law hold?

Starting from the empirically-based postulate that economic growth, through increasing labour demand and employment, reduces the unemployment rate, this study investigates the relationship between real GDP growth and the unemployment rate in the Republic of Serbia. The analysis is motivated by the fact that the unemployment rate in Serbia has significantly decreased over the last decade (especially after 2014), despite relatively modest rates of economic growth. These tendencies indicate the possibility of a nonlinear (asymmetric) relationship between the two variables, which has important implications for designing a more efficient economic and employment policy. Applying both linear and nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags models (ARDL and NARDL) to quarterly data in the 2008-2019 period reveals that the relationship between economic growth and unemployment rate is negative, as suggested by Okun's law, but also that there is a profound asymmetry in this relationship. Namely, a 1% increase in the real output leads to a 4.74% decrease in the unemployment rate, whereas a decrease in output by the same percentage increases the unemployment rate by only 1.52%. Further analysis, based on investigating the relationship between GDP decomposed by the expenditure and production approach, and the unemployment rate, indicates that Okun's law asymmetry in the economy of Serbia is most affected by domestic demand, primarily private and government expenditures on the products of labour-intensive activities, such as services, agriculture, and industry.
An experimental reassessment of complex NP islands with NP-scrambling in Japanese

There is little consensus in the Japanese syntax literature on the question of whether complex NPs with a complement clause headed by to yuu ‘that say’ are islands for NP-scrambling dependencies. To explore this question, we conducted two acceptability judgment experiments using the factorial definition of islands to test the island status of noun complements, relative clauses (which are complex NPs, but uniformly considered islands in the literature), and coordinated NP structures (which are also uniformly considered islands in the literature). Our first experiment yielded clear evidence that relative clauses and coordinated NPs are islands, and that noun complements are not. Our second experiment replicated the relative clause and coordinated NP results, but yielded an inconclusive null result for noun complements. Taken together, our results suggest either that noun complements are not islands, or that noun complements yield a small island effect that cannot be reliably detected at the typical sample sizes of 30-40 participants used here. We also investigated between- and within-participant variability in our results. We observe no evidence of increased between-participant variability for noun complements relative to other islands, and no increase of within-participant variability for noun complements relative to grammatical NP-scrambling, thus corroborating our conclusions. Our results have consequences for a number of issues that have been encoded in current syntactic theories of island effects, including the correlation between syntactic constituent complexity and island status (e.g., number of bounding nodes or phase heads), and the correlation between complementizer deletion and island status (e.g., the complement/adjunct distinction).
XXVI CONGRESO NACIONAL DE ACEDE JUNIO 2016, VIGO “RESOURCE-DEPENDENCE IN NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS: IS IT HARDER TO FUNDRAISE IF YOU DIVERSIFY YOUR REVENUE STRUCTURE?”

This article explores how fundraising efficiency is affected by changes in diversification of revenues in non-profit organizations. It uses random effect regression and Arellano-Bond models to study this phenomenon in a sample of 10358 US non-profits during the 1997-2007 period. We find a negative impact on fundraising efficiency when NPOs alter their locus of dependence and change their pattern of diversification. This effect is affected by organizational size and industry. Previous studies have suggested that income heterogeneity is associated with organizational stability and financial strength. Using a changes (versus levels) model of funding diversity, our work shows that increased diversification leads to a higher operational inefficiency that could be penalised by potential donors.
Structural and optical properties of paraelectric SrTiO3

The electronic energy band structure, site- and angular-momentum-decomposed densities of states (DOS) and charge-density contours of perovskite SrTiO3 in the paraelectric cubic phase are calculated by the first-principles tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbitals method with atomic sphere approximation using density functional theory in its local density approximation. The calculated band structure shows a direct band gap of ~1.4 eV at the gamma point in the Brillouin zone. The total DOS is compared with experimental x-ray photoemission spectra. From the DOS analysis, as well as charge-density studies, we conclude that the bonding between Sr and TiO3 is mainly ionic and that the TiO3 entities bond covalently. Using the projected DOS and band structure we have analysed the interband contribution to the optical properties of SrTiO3 . The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function and hence the optical constants (such as the reflectivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient and absorption coefficient) and the electron energy-loss spectrum are calculated. The calculated spectra are compared with the experimental results for SrTiO3 in the cubic phase and are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results in low-energy regions. The role of band-structure calculation as regards the optical properties of SrTiO3 is discussed.