Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of deformations in T-joint welded by the laser beam

Numerical simulation of deformations in laser welded T-joint is carried out in this study. The analysis is performed using Abaqus FEA engineering software. Additional author’s numerical subroutines, written in FORTRAN programming language are used in computer simulations where models of the distribution of movable laser beam heat source, kinetics of phase transformations in solid state as well as thermal and structural strain are implemented. Thermomechanical properties of welded material changing with temperature are taken into account in the analysis. Presented results of numerical simulations performed for the laser beam welding of two perpendicularly arranged sheets include temperature distribution, kinetics of phase transformations in solid state, thermal and structural strain as well as estimated welding deformations.
Influence of Electric Field in the Adsorption of Atomic Hydrogen on Graphene

The influence of external electric field (EF) in the adsorption of atomic hydrogen on graphene (H/G) was studied by means of electronic structure calculations based on spin-polarized density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The changes in atomic hydrogen physisorption-chemisorption on graphene owed to EF (which ranged between −1.25 V/A and 0.75 V/A) were determined. Analysis of the electronic charge density for an H/G system explained the EF influences on the adsorption properties (analyzing changes in electronic charge density for H/G system). A decrease of more than 100% in the chemisorption barrier for an EF of −1.25 V/A was found. The changes in the electronic charge density confirm the possibility of manipulating the physical-chemical adsorption of hydrogen on graphene by applying electric fields.
Merger of binary neutron stars to a black hole: Disk mass, short gamma-ray bursts, and quasinormal mode ringing

Three-dimensional simulations for the merger of binary neutron stars are performed in the framework of full general relativity. We pay particular attention to the black hole formation case and to the resulting mass of the surrounding disk for exploring the possibility for formation of the central engine of short-duration gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs). Hybrid equations of state are adopted mimicking realistic, stiff nuclear equations of state (EOSs), for which the maximum allowed gravitational mass of cold and spherical neutron stars, M{sub sph}, is larger than 2M{sub {center_dot}}. Such stiff EOSs are adopted motivated by the recent possible discovery of a heavy neutron star of mass {approx}2.1{+-}0.2M{sub {center_dot}}. For the simulations, we focus on binary neutron stars of the ADM mass M > or approx. 2.6M{sub {center_dot}}. For an ADM mass larger than the threshold mass M{sub thr}, the merger results in prompt formation of a black hole irrespective of the mass ratio Q{sub M} with 0.65 or approx. 0.01M{sub {center_dot}} irrespective of Q{sub M}. Gravitational waves are computed in terms of a gauge-invariant wave extraction technique. In the formation of the hypermassive neutron star, quasiperiodic gravitational waves of frequency between 3 and 3.5 kHz are emitted irrespective of EOSs. The effective amplitude of gravitational waves can be > or approx. 5x10{sup -21} at a distance of 50 Mpc, and hence, it may be detected by advanced laser-interferometers. For the black hole formation case, the black hole excision technique enables a long-term computation and extraction of ring-down gravitational waves associated with a black hole quasinormal mode. It is found that the frequency and amplitude are {approx_equal}6.5-7 kHz and {approx}10{sup -22} at a distance of 50 Mpc for the binary of mass M{approx_equal}2.7-2.9M{sub {center_dot}}. « less
Evaluating the individual- and country-level variations in tax morale: Evidence from 35 Eurasian countries

Purpose Recently, a small but burgeoning literature has argued that tax non-compliance cannot be fully explained using the conventional rational economic actor approach which views non-compliance as occurring when the pay-off is greater than the expected cost of being caught and punished. Instead, a social actor approach has emerged which views tax non-compliance as higher when “tax morale”, defined as the intrinsic motivation to pay taxes, is low. To advance this social actor model, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the individual and national heterogeneity in tax morale, which is crucial if tax compliance is to be improved. Design/methodology/approach To do this, the authors report data from the 2010 Life in Transition Survey on tax morale in 35 Eurasian countries. Findings Logit econometric analysis reveals, on the one hand, that there is higher tax morale among middle-aged, married, homeowners with children, with a university degree and employed, and on the other hand, that there is higher tax morale in more developed countries with stronger legal systems and less corruption, and higher levels of state intervention in the form of both taxation and expenditure. Research limitations/implications Rather than continue with the rational actor approach, this paper reveals that how an emergent social actor approach can help to more fully explain tax non-compliance and results in a different policy approach focused upon changing country-level economic and social conditions associated with low tax morale and thus non-compliance. Practical implications These results display the specific populations with low tax morale which need targeting when seeking to tackle tax non-compliance. Originality/value This paper provides a new way of explaining and tackling tax non-compliance in Eurasian countries.
ESTABLISHING A LONGITUDINAL EFFICACY STUDY USING SIMCALC MATHWORLDS

New forms of mathematics technology (e.g., dynamic geometry) can provide executable representations—representations that transform the mathematics made by students into a more tangible and exciting phenomenon (Moreno-Armella, Hegedus & Kaput, 2008). In particular, we have designed and used SimCalc MathWorlds to transform students’ mathematical constructs into fascinating motion phenomena. Second, networks can intimately and rapidly link private cognitive efforts to public social displays. Consequently, students can each be assigned a specific mathematical goal (e.g., playing the part of a single moving character by making a graph with certain mathematical characteristics), which instantly links to public social display (e.g., the parade constituted by all characters moving simultaneously). This approach shifts the types of critical thinking that are possible in mathematics classrooms and transforms the role of instructional technology by integrating it into the social and cognitive dimensions of the classroom.
A comprehensive investigation of TPACK within pre-service teachers’ ICT profiles: Mind the gap!

This study aims to identify profiles of pre-service teachers in order to explore their readiness to integrate technology in education. The assumption is that pre-service teacher characteristics such as technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), go together with the influence of their teacher training. Specifically, this study examines whether pre-service teachers can be clustered on the basis of their TPACK, a typical set of ICT-related characteristics (e.g., general ICT attitudes, attitudes towards ICT in education, ease of use, ICT self-efficacy), and the perceived support at their training institution to adequately integrate ICT in education. Data were collected from a sample of 688 last-year pre-service teachers in 18 teacher training institutions in Flanders (the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium). Using correlational and latent profile analysis, the results suggest that: (1) two profiles can be distinguished, (2) TPACK and other individual ICT-related characteristics are positively correlated, and (3) pre-service teachers in a profile with strong TPACK, attitudes, and self-efficacy scores also report high scores on the support they perceive at their teacher training institution. Implications for the role of teacher training institutions are discussed with a specific focus on how to close the gap between the two identified profiles.
Towards a 1D+3DVar assimilation of radar reflectivities: Ongoing results

Radar data encounter increasing interest for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), and in particular for the next generation of high-resolution NWP models. Indeed, most meteorological centers plan to run operational nonhydrostatic models with resolution 1–4 km before the end of this decade. Radar data will be well placed to provide highresolution information about wind and precipitation which the verification and initialization of such high-resolution models require. Our aim is to prepare the use of radar data in the future high-resolution nonhydrostatic NWP model (named Arome) of Météo-France. We are developing the framework for assimilating both reflectivity and Doppler velocity radar data, focusing in a first time on the assimilation of reflectivity data. Reflectivities or reflectivity-derived quantities are already assimilated in some models. For instance, a latent heat nudging (LHN) technique is used to assimilate radar-derived precipitation rates into the UK Met. Office Mesoscale Model, at a horizontal resolution of approximately 17 km (Jones and Macpherson, 1997). The assimilation of radar-derived 2D precipitation rates with an LHN technique into the Lokal-Modell Kürzestfrist (LMK), a high-resolution (2.8 km) NWP model based on the German LM model, is currently being tested (Stephan et al., 2005). At present, promising studies about the assimilation of radar reflectivities into high-resolution limited area models focus on variational data assimilation (see e.g., Sun and Crook, 1997, 1998; Xiao et al., 2004) and Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF, see e.g., Tong and Xue, 2005). We also follow this approach for the Arome model, but with a 1D retrieval step that provides profiles of model variables such as humidity (q), temperature (T ), vertical velocity (w),. prior to the 3DVAR assimilation of these profiles. Fig. 1 sketches the 1D+3DVAR assimilation scheme adopted for ground-based reflectivities. The Arome model will possess a sophisticated microphysical scheme with explicit mixing ratios of various hy-
Solar Irradiance and Pan Evaporation Estimation from Meteorological Satellite Data

Knowledge about spatial and temporal variations in surface global solar radiation (GSR) and evaporative water loss from the ground are important issues to many researches and applications. In this study empirical relationships suitable for Taiwan were established for GSR retrieval from geostationary satellite images using the Heliosat method for the period from 2011 2013. The derived GSR data has been used to generate consecutive maps of 10-day averaged pan evaporation (Epan) as the basis to produce regional ET estimation using a strategy that does not require remote sensed land surface temperatures (LST). The retrieved daily GSR and the derived 10-day averaged Epan were validated against pyranometer and class-A pan measurements at selected Central Weather Bureau (CWB) stations spread across various climatic regions in Taiwan. Compared with the CWB observed data the overall relative mean bias deviations (MBD%) and root mean square differences (RMSD%) in daily solar irradiance retrieval were about 5 and 15%, respectively. Seasonally, the largest MBD% and RMSD% of retrieved daily solar irradiance occur in spring (9.5 and 21.3% on average), while the least MBD% (-0.3% on average) and RMSD% (9.7% on average) occur in autumn and winter, respectively. For 10-day averaged Epan estimation, the mean MBD% and RMSD% for stations located in the coastal plain areas were 0.1 and 16.9%, respectively. However, in mountainous areas the mean MBD% and RMSD% increased to 30.2 and 34.5%, respectively. This overestimation was due mainly to the large differences in surrounding micro-environments between the mountainous and plain areas.
Characterization of Atmospheric Ammonia over Xi'an, China

Continuous measurements of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) between April 2006 and April 2007 were conducted at an urban site and a suburban site in Xi’an, northwest China. NH3 was collected using Ogawa passive samplers every sixth day. At the same time, NH4 + in fine particles was collected using battery-powered mini-volume samplers. The annual average concentrations of NH3 were 12.9 µg/m 3 and 14.1 µg/m 3 , at the urban and suburban sites, respectively. The NH3 concentrations reached a maximum (~22.8-35.3 µg/m 3 ) in June and July and were minimum (~3.0-4.7 µg/m 3 ) in December, which was closely linked with NH3 volatilization under different ambient temperatures. The seasonal variation in NH3 was summer > spring > autumn > winter at both sites, which may be ascribed to the impact of biological emission sources such as agricultural activity. NH3 and NH4 + aerosol concentrations were weakly correlated, implying that gas-particle reactions are influenced by many factors such as sources, meteorology and removal. Average NH3/NH4 + ratios varied from 0.1 to 25.3, with an annual average of 4.0. High NH3 concentrations at Xi’an had a significant influence on atmospheric acidity and the formation of secondary NH4 + aerosol.
Evaluating Criticism of Smart Growth

This paper evaluates various criticisms of Smart Growth. It defines the concept of Smart Growth, contrasts it with sprawl, and describes common Smart Growth strategies. It examines various criticisms of Smart Growth, including the claim that it does not reflect consumer preferences, infringes on freedom, increases traffic congestion and air pollution, reduces housing affordability, results in socially undesirable levels of density, increases public service costs, requires wasteful transit subsidies and is unjustified. Some specific critics’ papers are examined. This analysis indicates that many claims by critics reflect an incomplete understanding of Smart Growth, and inaccurate analysis. Critics identify some legitimate problems that must be addressed to optimize Smart Growth, but present no convincing evidence to diminish the overall justification of Smart Growth.
One‐Pot Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Encapsulated Silver Nanoparticles in Silica Nanocontainers

DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.201300304 Core/shell and yolk/shell (nanorattles) nanoparticles (NPs) have been gaining an increasing interest due to the possibility to improve the properties of encapsulated material(s) by providing additional functions via the shell material(s). This can include benefi cial modifi cations, such as enhancing stability and activity, controlling release and designing functionality. [ 1–3 ]
The Drawback of Image Resizing Based on Seam Carving

Lots of image resizing algorithms that based on seam carving belong to the discrete resizing methods. Seam-carving algorithms refer to delete or insert pixel lines in order to resize image's size. Pixel lines horizontally or vertically pass through the whole image, deleting the pixel line to make the reduction, copying the pixel line to make the magnification, processing level (vertical) pixel line could change the height (width) of image. In order to keep the main characteristic content in image, many seam carving algorithms delete or insert pixel line that has the smallest energy each time. Lots of seam carving algorithms can scale the size of image, protect the important content in the original image, achieve good effect about adaptation, but these algorithms will produce many problems, such as deleting distortion excessively.
Relationship-Oriented Software Defined AS-Level Fast Rerouting for Multiple Link Failures

Large-scale deployments of mission-critical services have led to stringent demands on Internet routing, but frequently occurring network failures can dramatically degrade the network performance. However, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) can not react quickly to recover from them. Although extensive research has been conducted to deal with the problem, the multiple failure scenarios have never been properly addressed due to the limit of distributed control plane. In this paper, we propose a local fast reroute approach to effectively recover from multiple link failures in one administrative domain. The principle of Software Defined Networking (SDN) is used to achieve the software defined AS-level fast rerouting. Considering AS relationships, efficient algorithms are proposed to automatically and dynamically find protection paths for multiple link failures; then OpenFlow forwarding rules are installed on routers to provide data forwarding continuity. Our approach is able to ensure applicability to ASes with flexibility and adaptability to multiple link failures, contributing toward improving the network performance. Through experimental results, we show that our proposal provides effective failure recovery and does not introduce significant control overhead to the network.
Chinese and American Perceptions on Nonprofit Organizational Effectiveness

Facing growing pressure from multiple constituents to demonstrate nonprofit organizational effectiveness, leaders in the nonprofit field struggle with numerous perspectives and expectations about what organizational effectiveness means and how to improve it. While scholars weigh in on their preferred views of effectiveness, little attention has been paid to what it means to the people who actually manage and govern such organizations. Through qualitative analysis of transcripts from semi-structured interviews with Chinese and American executives, this paper reports findings about similarities and differences between the views of scholars about organizational effectiveness and those of executives.
Incentive Compatibility in an Attribute-Based Referendum Model

The manner in which WTP survey responses are elicited has received much attention in the nonmarket valuation literature because of the potential bias that may be introduced via alternate response formats. One issue of particular concern is that of incentive compatibility. Several studies have concluded that response formats that present a series of valuation questions are not incentive compatible. While the single dichotomous choice elicitation format reduces the amount of information collected, multiple-bounded elicitation formats may yield biased, unreliable results. Understanding this trade-off can help provide better information on response formats that will elicit incentive compatible responses and therefore provide realistic and policy-relevant information. This research investigates the effect of the number of multinomial choices presented to respondents in an attribute-based referendum (ABR) format on incentive compatibility of responses. Data was collected from two versions of a mail survey that used an attribute-based description of a hypothetical forest easement program in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and a referendum-style choice between the status quo and various forest easement program scenarios. The first version of the survey presented four choice scenarios to respondents while the second version presented only one choice scenario. Results suggest that the multiple-bound response format improves statistical efficiency due to the statistical significance of all estimated parameters. However, this efficiency may also overestimate WTP. The single-bounded response format displays lower statistical efficiency but may reflect more accurate preferences from respondents. Results lead to a rejection of the hypothesis that the number of choices presented to respondents has no effect on results and have implications for the reliability of nonmarket valuation information from multiple-bound response formats in attribute-based referenda models.
Free commuter newspapers and the market for paid-for daily newspapers

We use a new dataset on the Swiss newspaper industry from 1999 to 2008 to estimate the substitution patterns between free newspapers and traditional media. Our identification strategy exploits the timing of free newspaper entry and allows for confounding trends. We find that the entry of free newspapers has no eect on the circulation of high quality newspapers, but a negative eect on the circulation of the incumbent yellow press. Moreover, free papers appear to be a complement to traditional news media for highly educated readers. Therefore, we conclude that the eect of free newspapers on consumer surplus
Microsatellite primers in Rhamnus cathartica (Rhamnaceae) and applicability in related taxa to assess hybridization events.

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite primers were developed in the introduced shrub Rhamnus cathartica L. , to investigate potential hybridization events with related taxa as a stimulus of invasive spread. • METHODS AND RESULTS Using a non-radioactive protocol, 15 primer sets were identified in North American and European populations of R. cathartica. The primers amplified di-, tri- and pentanucelotide repeats with 1-14 alleles per locus. Most primers also amplified in R. lanceolata, R. smithii, and/or Frangula alnus (previously R. frangula). • CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the utility of primers in R. cathartica for future genetic studies as well as their potential applicability in other related taxa.
The relationship between total phenol concentration and the perceived style of extra virgin olive oil

The degree of bitterness and pungency of a virgin olive oil largely defines its style, and therefore how it is most appropriately used by consumers. In order to assess how Australian olive oil producers interpret the style of their oils, 920 Australian virgin olive oils were classified by their producers as either being mild, medium or robust in style. Although in general, the classifications by producers were associated with the oils’ total phenol concentration, significant variability in phenol concentration within each style category was observed. The perceived styles of a subset of these oils were further assessed by panels of expert tasters. The expert panels were more discriminating when assigning oils to style categories based on total phenol levels. The producers and the expert panels were in moderate agreement with respect to oil style, with the interpretation of what constitutes a mild oil being the most contentious.
Estimation of Isotropic Hyperelasticity ConstitutiveModels to Approximate the Atomistic Simulation Data forAluminium and Tungsten Monocrystals

In this paper, the choice and parametrisation of finite deformation polyconvex isotropic hyperelastic models to describe the behaviour of a class of defect-free monocrystalline metal materials at the molecular level is examined. The article discusses some physical, mathematical and numerical demands which in our opinion should be fulfilled by elasticity models to be useful. A set of molecular numerical tests for aluminium and tungsten providing data for the fitting of a hyperelastic model was performed, and an algorithm for parametrisation is discussed. The proposed models with optimised parameters are superior to those used in non-linear mechanics of crystals.
Raman spectra and phase composition of MnGeO3 crystals

MnGeO3 single-crystal samples have been synthesized by optical zonal melting and spontaneous crystallization. X-ray crystal analysis showed the first sample to be a two-phase one with phase ratio as follows: 17% – monoclinic C2/c, and 83% – orthorhombic Pbca; the phase ratio of the second sample was unknown. Raman spectra have been produced for these samples. Lattice dynamics has been simulated and polarization dependencies of lines' intensities have been analyzed to interpret experimental Raman spectra and to attribute lines to the spectra of monoclinic and orthorhombic phases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.