Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LAS TIC EN LA EDUCACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA

Las nuevas tendencias en herramientas informaticas aceleran los procesos cognitivos de las personas, su uso en la vida diaria ha cambiado notablemente las necesidades de las personas, siendo cada vez mas exigente la forma de recibir la informacion y asimilar los procesos de comunicacion. Las nuevas tendencias conducen a que la educacion universitaria sea transformada, de tal manera que se adapte positivamente a las nuevas tecnologias sin desligarse de la ensenanza esencial de las asignaturas. En este trabajo se analizo el uso de las tecnologias de la informacion y comunicacion en el proceso de ensenanza universitaria. Se realizo un estudio cuali - cuantitativo, descriptivo y bibliografico, utilizando como tecnicas para recoleccion de datos la encuesta y la ficha de observacion aplicada a un grupo de docentes y estudiantes. El analisis realizado condujo a la conclusion que un reducido grupo de docentes aplica las nuevas tecnologias en el aula, siendo en su mayoria clases magistrales tradicionales. Por otro lado, se observo que los estudiantes presentan mayor motivacion cuando las asignaturas se imparten con asistencia tecnologica didactica.
Gel structure impacts pericellular and extracellular matrix deposition which subsequently alters metabolic activities in chondrocyte-laden PEG hydrogels

While designing poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with high moduli suitable for in situ placement is attractive for cartilage regeneration, the impact of a tighter crosslinked structure on the organization and deposition of matrix is not fully understood. The objectives for this study were to characterize the composition and spatial organization of neo-matrix as a function of gel crosslinking and study its impact on chondrocytes via anabolic and catabolic gene expressions and catabolic activity. Bovine articular chondrocytes were encapsulated in hydrogels of three crosslinking densities (compressive moduli were 60, 320 and 590 kPa) and cultured for 25 days. Glycosaminoglycan production increased with culture time and was greatest in gels with lowest crosslinking. Collagens II and VI, aggrecan, link protein, and decorin were localized to pericellular regions in all gels, but their presence decreased with increases in gel crosslinking. Collagen II and aggrecan expressions were initially up-regulated in gels with higher crosslinking, but increased similarly up to day 15. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and -13 expressions were elevated (~25-fold) in gels with higher crosslinking throughout the study, while MMP-3 was not affected by gel crosslinking. The presence of aggecan and collagen degradation products confirmed MMP activity. These findings indicate that chondrocytes synthesize the major cartilage components within PEG hydrogels, however, gel structure strongly impacts the composition and spatial organization of the neo-tissue and impacts how chondrocytes respond to their environment, particularly with respect to their catabolic expressions.
Single and Multiple variables control using Tree Physiology Optimization

This paper presents the tuning of single-input single-output (SISO), and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) control system using Tree Physiology Optimization (TPO). TPO is a metaheuristic optimization algorithm that has a clustered diversification search strategy inspired from plant shoots growth. The clustered diversification is referred as tree branch and leaves. The exploration is amplified from roots growth counterparts. In the proposed method, each shoot from each branch search for possible solution in parallel and the fitness is evaluated based on all best values found by branch search. The proposed algorithm is also compared with deterministic gradient-free algorithm: Nelder-Mead simplex (NMS) and another metaheuristic algorithm: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Results shown that TPO is able to find good PID parameters with lesser settling time for SISO and MIMO process. NMS is also able to find good PID parameters for SISO with lesser performance index, however not able to find better solution in MIMO control. PSO converged prematurely in SISO control and has high overshoot for MIMO control optimization.
The Economics of XVA Trading

The theory of trading with value adjustments, or XVA, is well established. However, the market still differs significantly in pricing practice with houses applying varying numbers of adjustments to the same trade; or none at all. Here the aim is to outline the basic trading strategies used by XVA desks and to explore the implications in terms of the risk transfer involved and the resulting profit and loss. This is achieved through case studies of actual traded structures including details of the positions themselves and the motivation for executing them. The mark-to-market impact is also quantified. Following one case study, a methodology to calculate the cost of funding Initial Margin, or MVA, for linear products will be developed.
Seasonal variability of water quality and metazooplankton community structure in Xiaowan Reservoir of the upper Mekong River

Water quality problems in the Xiaowan Reservoir due to a recently built dam of upper Mekong River have became major ecological and economic concerns. The main goal of this work was thus to describe the present water quality and metazooplankton dynamics and to evaluate the effects of damming on aquatic ecosystem in the super reservoir. The water quality including conductivity, turbidity, Chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and metazooplankton communities were surveyed along the 30 km away from the dam in the reservoir from 2011 to 2012. Throughout our study, most of the water quality parameters showed clear temporal changes. The total nitrogen and phosphorus showed mean values of 0.9 and 0.04 mg L–1 at different sites. The dominated species of zooplankton showed typical seasonal succession. The most important factor in the determination of zooplankton throughout the year is water temperature and Chlorophyll a . The spatial distribution of water quality parameters and zooplankton communities fluctuated considerably among different sites. However, it is difficult to explain these spatial changes which may relate to the unstable water conditions. Our results showed that the area along the 30 km away from the dam of Xiaowan Reservoir belonged to lake-type environment. More attention should be paid on the aquatic ecosystems of the reservoirs which belong to the gorge area with high mountains and steep valleys.
Evaluation of Entry and Penetration Strategies to Middle East Market Utilizing a Multi Criteria Decision Analysis Approach

Companies decide to invest abroad as they confront with saturation in their home market or as they want to achieve growth in different markets. In most cases, this move towards new markets could be considered as part of the broader internationalization process, especially for big companies. The selection of a new market represents one of the most important decisions that the companies deal with while going abroad. The next important decision will be how to enter the market as well as what strategies to use to penetrate the chosen market. This study aims to identify and prioritize the criteria those will be used for the evaluation of entry and penetration strategies through a multi criteria decision model to support Turkish companies which plan to enter and penetrate Middle East market with packaged food products. For this purpose, an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based decision making process is utilized. First of all, strategy evaluation criteria are identified resulting from the interviews with foreign trade specialists, managers, and consultants as well as the literature survey. Then, questions regarding to pairwise comparison of criteria are posed to these experts to reveal the relative importance of the related criteria. Finally, recommendations based on the findings are presented to the companies intending to invest in this market.
Identification of parameters in nonlinear geotechnical models using extenden Kalman filter

Direct measurement of relevant system parameters often represents a problem due to different lim- itations. In geomechanics, measurement of geotechnical material constants which constitute a material model is usually a very difficult task even with modern test equipment. Back-analysis has proved to be a more effi- cient and more economic method for identifying material constants because it needs measurement data such as settlements, pore pressures, etc., which are directly measurable, as inputs. Among many model parameter iden- tification methods, the Kalman filter method has been applied very effectively in recent years. In this paper, the extended Kalman filter - local iteration procedure incorporated with finite element analysis (FEA) software has been implemented. In order to prove the efficiency of the method, parameter identification has been performed for a nonlinear geotechnical model.
DESIGN OF THE MAGNET CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE 1.8-GEV SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SOURCE AT TSRF

The magnet control system has been designed for the 1.8-GeV positron storage ring at Tohoku-Synchrotron Radiation Facility (TSRF). TSRF is a third-generation synchrotron radiation facility planned to be constructed at Tohoku University. The control system is comprised of Linux clients/servers and FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) high speed network. Linux PCs are employed to provide process control and user interface implemented in Java. The FDDI provides a token-passing, dual-ring LAN using a fiber-optic link suitable for exchanging control data reliably. The design of the control system for the magnet at TSRF is discussed.
Estructura Poblacional y Demografía de la Palma Macana Wettinia kalbreyeri en un Bosque Altoandino de Colombia

Wettinia kalbreyeri is a monoecious palm distributed on the Andean highland forests from Colombia and Ecuador with high ecological and economical value. For several decades, its populations have been intensively harvested, which caused a significant decrease of its natural stocks. However, no research has been done yet on the regeneration and dynamics of this important species. In order to get critical information for its management, we characterized the life cycle and surveyed for one year an undisturbed natural forest dominated by this palm in the Western Cordillera of Colombia. We established 10 permanent plots (0.1- ha each) and evaluated the structure and population dynamics with a matrix model structured by sizes. We found a high density of individuals up to 50 cm- height (129.520 ± 72.701 ha-1); the density of adult palms was also high (768 ± 263 ha-1), with an average basal area of 21.34 ± 8.84 m2 ha-1. Population growth was positive during the period evaluated (λ = 1.079); results of the elasticity analysis suggest that changes of adult density could severely impact the population dynamics. Because of the high temporal variability of natural populations, a longer monitoring time is important to improve the reliability of estimates. / Wettinia kalbreyeri es una palma monoica de los bosques altoandinos de Colombia y Ecuador, con un alto valor ecologico y economico. Durante varias decadas sus poblaciones han sido aprovechadas intensivamente, lo cual genero una notable disminucion de sus existencias naturales. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no se ha realizado ningun trabajo sobre la regeneracion y dinamica de esta importante especie. Con el fin de acopiar informacion fundamental para su manejo, se caracterizo su ciclo de vida y se monitoreo durante un ano un bosque natural no intervenido dominado por esta palma en la cordillera occidental de Colombia. Para ello se establecieron 10 parcelas permanentes de crecimiento de 0,1 ha y se evaluo la estructura y dinamica poblacional por medio de un modelo matricial estructurado por categorias. Sobresale la alta densidad de individuos hasta 50 cm de altura (129,520 ± 72,701 ha-1). La densidad de individuos adultos tambien fue alta (768 ± 263), con un area basal promedia de 21,34 ± 8,84 m2 ha-1. El crecimiento poblacional positivo durante el periodo evaluado (λ = 1,079); los resultados del analisis de elasticidad sugieren que cambios en la densidad de los individuos adultos podrian tener un alto impacto sobre la dinamica de la poblacion. Debido a la alta variabilidad temporal de la dinamica de las poblaciones naturales, es importante su monitoreo durante un periodo mas prolongado, lo cual permitiria mejorar la confiabilidad de las estimaciones.
Medication Adherence in Cardiovascular Disease: Generalized Estimating Equations in SAS®

Medication non-adherence has been estimated to generate $290 billion annually in medical costs (NEHI, 2009). Not only is this an extremely expensive dilemma, it has consequences including worsening conditions, increased hospitalizations and readmissions. Recent medical based evidence had lead to an increased interest in investigating individuals’ adherence to cardiovascula r disease-related medications. Data from medical databases from a regional health plan of subjects on cardiovascular medications were sampled as subject matter. Binary data using a 70% possession ratio (PR) cutoff for determining medication adherence was analyzed over semi-quarterly time frames. Results of Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models are explained through SAS® output.
A Simple Pseudorandom Bit Generator using Frequency Controlled Digital Chaos

A novel kind of chaos, digital chaos is proposed, and an extremely simple circuit to generate frequency controlled digital chaos using two XOR gates driven by three square signals with mismatched frequencies and duty cycles is designed and implemented in FPGA, with the basic principle that the XOR being a difference circuit, amplifies the mismatches, leading to chaos generation. The presence of chaos is ascertained using Lyapunov Exponent and the effect of driving signal frequency on the chaotic nature is studied. The generated chaotic bit sequence is then tested for randomness using standard tests from the NIST Test Suite. It is found that the generated digital chaotic bit sequence is indeed random, proving capability of the proposed circuit as a pseudo random bit generator for computing and communication applications.
Classification of Cervical Disc Herniation Disease using Muscle Fatigue Based Surface EMG Signals by Artificial Neural Networks

This study presents the classification of cervical disc herniation patient and healthy persons by using muscle fatigue information. Cervical disc herniation patients suffer from neck pain and muscle fatigue in the neck increases these aches. Neck pain is the most common pain type encountered after back pain. The discomforts that occur in the neck region affect the daily quality of life, so the number of researches done in this area is increasing. In this study surface Electromyography (EMG) signals were used to examine muscle fatigue. EMG signals were obtained from Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles in the cervical region of 10 control subject and 10 cervical disc herniation patients. Surface EMG was preferred because it is a noninvasive method. In the first step of this study, EMG signals were filtered and adapted for analysis. In the second step, muscle fatigue was determined using Median and Mean frequency values obtained by Fourier Transform and Welch methods. Feature extraction was the third step which was performed by Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Autoregressive method (AR). Finally, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used for classification. Training and test data were created by using feature vectors to classify patients with ANN. According to the results, the superior feature extraction method was investigated on patient classification using muscle fatigue information. The best results were obtained by AR method with %99 classification accuracy. Also, the best results were obtained by DWT with %100 classification accuracy for SCM muscle. This study has contributed that AR and DWT are a suitable feature extraction methods for surface EMG signals by providing high accuracy classification with artificial intelligence methods for cervical disc herniation disease. Besides, it is shown that muscle fatigue distinguishes cervical disc herniation patients from healthy people.
What is prevalent CD-SEM's role in EUV era?

As industry prepares to introduce extreme ultraviolet (EUV) technology for the coming sub-10-nm lithography, this paper presents metrology approaches that utilize the prevalent Critical Dimension Scanning Electron Microscope (CD-SEM). Two technical approaches will be discussed. One is comprehensive solutions for new EUV characterized features, such as low resist-shrinkage electron beam optics and high efficiency metrology/inspection for EUV process monitoring. The other, like conventional minimization processes, is down-to-ångström-order metrology methodologies required for stricter CD process control. This paper is the first to conceptualize specifications for a stringent and multi-index tool matching, namely “atomic matching,” which is considered as a crucially important feature of any in-line metrology tools in the EUV era.
Reflectivity from floating bilayers: can we keep the structural asymmetry?

To assess the structure of complex biomembranes, the use of asymmetric model systems is rare, due to the difficulty of realizing artificial membranes with desired heterogeneous composition and applicable for single membrane structural investigation. We developed an experimental model with a single macroscopic bilayer floating on top of another adhering to a silicon flat surface, prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett Langmuir-Schaefer technique, then investigated by neutron reflectivity. On the way to more complex systems, containing lipids of different nature, we tested whether a simple imposed asymmetry is kept in time and whether it can stand some standard experimental protocols commonly employed in treating model membranes. We focused on cholesterol, a basic component with a transverse distribution that is not symmetric in biomembranes, and may assume specific location in functional domains. So we forced different asymmetries in the "adhering + floating" bilayers system composed of phospholipids and cholesterol in bio-similar mole ratios. The neutron reflection accessible length-scale and its sensitivity, enhanced by the possibility to play with deuteration, allowed assessing the cross profile of the membrane and revealing that lipid redistribution can occur.
Temperature and composition profile during double-track laser cladding of H13 tool steel

Multi-track laser cladding is now applied commercially in a range of industries such as automotive, mining and aerospace due to its diversified potential for material processing. The knowledge of temperature, velocity and composition distribution history is essential for a better understanding of the process and subsequent microstructure evolution and properties. Numerical simulation not only helps to understand the complex physical phenomena and underlying principles involved in this process, but it can also be used in the process prediction and system control. The double-track coaxial laser cladding with H13 tool steel powder injection is simulated using a comprehensive three-dimensional model, based on the mass, momentum, energy conservation and solute transport equation. Some important physical phenomena, such as heat transfer, phase changes, mass addition and fluid flow, are taken into account in the calculation. The physical properties for a mixture of solid and liquid phase are defined by treating it as a continuum media. The velocity of the laser beam during the transition between two tracks is considered. The evolution of temperature and composition of different monitoring locations is simulated.
Change Impact Analysis for UML Model Maintenance

Software maintenance is generally considered to be the most costly phase in the software life-cycle. The software system to be maintained consists of numerous inter-dependent artifacts that inevitably undergo various changes during maintenance. What makes planning and executing these changes difficult is that each change may have severe “ripple effects” to other points of the system that are difficult to assess due to the inter-dependent nature of the artifacts. The goal of this chapter is to introduce a lightweight and accurate change impact analysis technique for UML models. Impact analysis rules are created that trace different relationships between UML model elements depending on the type of change applied. We will show that we can achieve good accuracy. To validate the technique, a change scenario that consists of changes that occur during the resolution of inconsistencies between different UML models (corrective maintenance) was chosen. The validation is performed on two case studies, which together contain approximately 5686 UML model element instances on which 3287 inconsistencies are resolved. The validation of the two case studies returns a mean precision and recall of (0.77, 0.95) and (0.97, 0.93). DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61350-438-3.ch002
Application of BCN test for controlling fiber reinforced shotcrete in tunnelling works in Chile

In many tunnelling projects currently under construction in Chile, the quality of fiber reinforced shotcretes (FRS) is controlled by means of its energy absorption capacity determined by testing squared panel following the EFNARC recommendation. Nevertheless, this test requires large and heavy specimens, which have to be filled when concrete is sprayed into the tunnel and does not allow testing the concrete actually placed onto the support. Due to these difficulties, the quality of fiber reinforced shotcretes used in some projects has been controlled by means of the Barcelona (BCN) test, which is an indirect tension test, using cores drilled from the hardened tunnel support. To apply the BCN test, the dissipated energy measured by means of this test has been correlated with the energy absorption capacity of the fiber reinforced shotcretes using experimental data obtained from works. The aim of this paper is presenting this correlation and it application.
Twomey effect in subtropical stratocumulus clouds from UV depolarization lidar

Marine stratocumulus clouds are important climate regulators, reflecting sunlight over a dark ocean background. A UV-depolarization lidar on Ascension, a small remote island in the south Atlantic, measured cloud droplet sizes and number concentration using an inversion method based on Monte Carlo (MC) modelling of multiple scattering in idealised semiadiabatic clouds. The droplet size and number concentration weremodulated due to smoke from the African continent, measured by the same instrument.
STUDY OF MYCORRHIZAL ALLIANCE WITH PLANTS UNDER STRESSFUL CONDITION OF OVERBURDEN DUMPS IN JHARIA COALFIELDS, INDIA

INTRODUCTION The majority (probably 70-80%) of terrestrial plants are capable of interacting with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in nature. AM fungi and plant roots are closely integrated as a result of co-evolution over at least 450 million years (Smith & Read, 2008). The beneficial effects of AM fungal symbiotic association on the growth of plants are well known, like improving uptake of macroand micronutrient, increasing plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stress, and beneficial alternations of plant growth regulators (Smith & Smith, 1996; Liu & Li, 2000; Govindarajulu et al., 2005; Kung’u et al., 2008; Smith & Read, 2008). There are several studies reporting the role of mycorrhizae in stressed habitats. The mycorrhizae are very common in disturbed areas which indicate their positive role in establishing and building the plant community. Also, the mycorrhizal associations are essential to the colonization of nutrient-deficient soil heaps left after mining. Mycorrhizae is found naturally in soil but not in coal polluted soil (Bureau of Mines, 1990). The hyphal network established by mycorrhizal fungi breaks when soils are initially moved and stockpiled (Gould et al. 1996). However, AM is now widely being used for environmental reclamation to limit the application of agrochemicals (Johansson et al., 2004).