Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tissue loss disease outbreak significantly alters the Southeast Florida stony coral assemblage

A stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) outbreak, first widely reported in 2014 in the Southeast Florida Ecosystem Conservation Area (Coral ECA), has continued to impact stony coral communities for more than seven years. Here, we utilize long-term (2012-2020) annual monitoring data from the Southeast Florida Reef Evaluation and Monitoring Project (SECREMP) to assess the impact of the SCTLD outbreak on the stony coral assemblage as well as spatiotemporal and ecological associated variation. SECREMP examines 22 permanent sites distributed along Florida’s Coral Reef from Miami-Dade County north to Martin County, Florida. We expand upon previously documented disease event-related regional impacts. Coral ECA SCTLD prevalence was greatest in 2016 coinciding with significant declines in coral live tissue area (LTA). Even though by 2018 SCTLD prevalence had dropped to < 1% and significant annual LTA declines were no longer recorded, upwards of 59% of stony coral total LTA in the Coral ECA was lost between 2015-2018. In this study, SCTLD was observed across all habitats and affected 11 stony coral species. Colony size did not preclude infection or mortality, with 25% of all infections occurring on colonies 5-14 cm in diameter. The indiscriminate nature of the disease and lack of size refugia has altered the stony coral population structure and assemblage composition. Since 2016, the coral assemblage has shifted towards smaller colonies, with a significant decrease in mean colony size. Juvenile corals, < 4 cm diameter, of many reef building, structurally-complex species were rarely documented, while eurytopic, generalist species dominated juvenile abundance. Although significant losses, altering ecosystem function, were documented, all species recorded prior to the disease event were present, albeit some only as juveniles. Our study adds to the growing body of evidence of the severity of the disease outbreak and precarious state of the stony coral assemblage in the Coral ECA. We show long-term monitoring projects provide invaluable opportunities to capture such spatiotemporal changes in coral assemblages and may identify potential indicators of recovery. While no stony coral species were completely lost from the monitored assemblage, the likelihood of recovery, to even a pre-outbreak state, is limited without immediate action addressing development related local stressors and climate change related global stressors.
The elite judo female athlete’s heart

Purpose: There is a paucity of data on physiological heart adaptation in elite-level judo female athletes. This study aimed to assess left ventricular morphology and function in highly trained elite female judokas. Methods: The study prospectively included 18 females aged 23.5 ± 2.25 years, nine elite level judokas, and nine healthy non-athlete volunteers. All participants underwent a medical examination, electrocardiogram, and transthoracic 2D echocardiogram. Left ventricular diastolic and systolic diameters and volumes were determined, and parameters of left heart geometry and function (systolic and diastolic) were measured, calculated, and compared between groups. Results: When groups were compared, judokas had significantly increased left ventricular cavity dimensions p < 0.01, left ventricular wall thickness p < 0.01, and volumes p < 0.01. Elite female judokas exhibited left ventricular dilatation demonstrated as high prevalence increased end-diastolic volume/index, and increased end-systolic volume/index in 88.9% of judokas vs. 0% in controls, p < 0.01. Left ventricle mass/index was significantly increased in judokas, p < 0.01), with a 43.3% difference between groups. The majority (77.7%) of judokas had normal left ventricular geometry, although eccentric hypertrophy was revealed in 2 (22.2%) of judokas. Conclusion: Elite, highly trained female judokas exhibit significant changes in left heart morphology as a result of vigorous training compared to non-athletes. These findings suggest that female judokas athletes’ heart follows a pattern toward chamber dilatation rather than left ventricular wall hypertrophy.
Efficacy and safety of sintilimab plus XELOX as a neoadjuvant regimen in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer: A single-arm, open-label, phase II trial

Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapies have been widely recommended in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). However, the evidence of combining neoadjuvant chemotherapy with anti–programmed death 1 (anti–PD-1) antibody therapy for patients with LAGC is lacking. Thus, we conducted a single-arm phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the anti–PD-1 antibody sintilimab plus XELOX regimen (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) in patients with LAGC. Methods Patients with LAGC (cT3-4 N+ M0, CY0, P0) were enrolled and received four preoperative cycles of sintilimab (200 mg, IV, Q21d) plus XELOX (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2, IV, d1 with capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2, bid, d1–d14, Q21d) therapy. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate. This clinical trial was registered at Chictr.org. cn (trial number: ChiCTR2000030414). Results Thirty patients were enrolled from March 2020 to July 2021, with a median age of 62 years (range, 30–72), and 18 (60.0%) were men. There were 19 (63.3%) patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥1.The pCR rate was 33.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 17.3%–52.8%], and the major pathologic response (MPR) rate was 63.3% (95% CI, 43.9%–80.1%). All the patients underwent R0 resection. The objective response rate (ORR) and the disease control rate (DCR) were 70.0% (95% CI, 50.6%–85.3%) and 100% (95% CI, 88.4%–100%), respectively. Downstaging of the overall TNM stage was observed in 22 (73.3%) patients. The pCR rate in patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥1 and patients with PD-L1 CPS <1 was 42.1% vs. 18.2% (P = 0.246), whereas the MPR rate was 78.9% vs. 36.4% (P = 0.047). The potential immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were hypothyroidism (3.3%), pneumonia (10.0%), and dermatitis (6.7%). Grade3 common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were ALT increase (3.3%), AST increase (3.3%), and dermatitis (3.3%) during the neoadjuvant therapy. There were no severe complications or death related to the surgery. Conclusion Sintilimab plus XELOX as neoadjuvant therapy showed an encouraging pCR rate, MPR rate, and manageable safety. This combination of regimens might provide a new option for patients with LAGC. Clinical Trial Registration: Chictr.org. cn, identifier ChiCTR2000030414.
Wheat straw- and maize straw-derived biochar effects on the soil cadmium fractions and bioaccumulation in the wheat–maize rotation system

Wheat–maize rotation is one of the most popular systems and successful intensification cropping systems in Northern China, while soils in some of this area are contaminated by cadmium (Cd). However, few studies have performed experiments on the reduction of Cd accumulation in the wheat–maize rotation system. In this study, wheat- and maize-derived biochars are applied to the Cd-contaminated soil to reduce the Cd accumulation in the wheat and maize plants. The results showed that soil biochar applications can significantly decrease DTPA-extracted Cd concentrations by 12.7–26.0% and 13.1–20.5% by wheat- and maize-derived biochars, respectively. Sequential extractions showed that biochar applications significantly reduced the Cd mobility and bioavailability in soils and changed the exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions of Cd to organic material-bound and residual fractions. The biochar applications increased the plant growth, yield, and quality of both wheat and maize, especially a significant increase in high dosages. The biochar applications also improved the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced the reduction of MDA in both wheat and maize roots. The Cd concentrations in wheat grains were reduced by 38.1–91.5% and 65.9–80%, and maize grain Cd concentrations were reduced by 20.9–54.2% and 30.8–44% by wheat- and maize-derived biochar applications, respectively, and the Cd concentrations in the root, stem, and leaf were also significantly reduced. The wheat-derived biochar was more effective on the Cd reduction in soil bioavailable fractions and Cd accumulation in crop plants.
Analysis of the potential ferroptosis mechanism and multitemporal expression change of central ferroptosis-related genes in cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury

Acute myocardial infraction is the most severe type of coronary artery disease and remains a substantial burden to the health care system globally. Although myocardial reperfusion is critical for ischemic cardiac tissue survival, the reperfusion itself could cause paradoxical injury. This paradoxical phenomenon is known as ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), and the exact molecular mechanism of IRI is still far from being elucidated and is a topic of controversy. Meanwhile, ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death that has been reported to be associated with various cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we explored the potential ferroptosis mechanism and target in cardiac IRI via bioinformatics analysis and experiment. GSE4105 data were obtained from the GEO database and consist of a rat IRI model and control. After identifying differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) and hub genes of cardiac IRI, we performed enrichment analysis, coexpression analysis, drug–gene interaction prediction, and mRNA–miRNA regulatory network construction. Moreover, we validated and explored the multitemporal expression of hub genes in a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced H9C2 cell injury model under different conditions via RT-qPCR. A total of 43 DEFRGs and 7 hub genes (tumor protein p53 [Tp53], tumor necrosis factor [Tnf], hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha [Hif1a], interleukin 6 [Il6], heme oxygenase 1 [Hmox1], X-box binding protein 1 [Xbp1], and caspase 8 [Casp8]) were screened based on bioinformatics analysis. The functional annotation of these genes revealed apoptosis, and the related signaling pathways could have association with the pathogenesis of ferroptosis in cardiac IRI. In addition, the expression of the seven hub genes in IRI models were found higher than that of control under different H/R conditions and time points. In conclusion, the analysis of 43 DEFRGs and 7 hub genes could reveal the potential biological pathway and mechanism of ferroptosis in cardiac IRI. In addition, the multitemporal expression change of hub genes in H9C2 cells under different H/R conditions could provide clues for further ferroptosis mechanism exploring, and the seven hub genes could be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cardiac IRI.
Evidence-based education: Objections and future directions

Over the past two decades, educational policymakers in many countries have favored evidence-based educational programs and interventions. However, evidence-based education (EBE) has met with growing resistance from educational researchers. This article analyzes the objections against EBE and its preference for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conclude that the objections call for adjustments but do not justify abandoning EBE. Three future directions could make education more evidence-based whilst taking the objections against EBE into account: (1) study local factors, mechanisms, and implementation fidelity in RCTs, (2) utilize and improve the available longitudinal performance data, and (3) use integrated interventions and outcome measures.
BER Analysis of Digital Modulation Schemes using LabVIEW

: Since the last few decades there has been an abrupt rise in technology and all the communication devices of the new generation mostly rely on digital transmission of information. Thus, it has become necessary to give better and efficient services to users by employing better digital modulation techniques. This paper analyses the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of different digital modulation schemes such as Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) using LabVIEW. The Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel is used for analysis and modulation. As LabVIEW is a graphical programming environment it gives good visualization of the results and it also allows us to design systems in an intuitive block based manner in short time as compared to other commonly used text based programming languages. Thus, it is concluded from the simulation results that BPSK outperforms QPSK and QAM in terms of BER.
Nitrous oxide emission factors from an intensively grazed temperate grassland: A comparison of cumulative emissions determined by eddy covariance and static chamber methods Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

Quantifying nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from grazed pastures can be problematic due to the presence of hotspots and hot moments of N 2 O from animal excreta and synthetic fertilisers. In this study, we quantified field scale N 2 O emissions from a temperate grassland under a rotational grazing management using eddy covariance (EC) and static chamber techniques. Measurements of N 2 O by static chambers were made for four out of nine grazing events for a control, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), synthetic urine (SU) + CAN and dung + CAN treatments. Static chamber N 2 O flux measurements were upscaled to the field scale (F CH FIELD ) using site specific emission factors (EF) for CAN, SU + CAN and dung + CAN. Mean N 2 O EFs were greatest from the CAN treatment while dung + CAN and SU + CAN emitted similar N 2 O-N emissions. Cumulative N 2 O-N emissions over the study period measured by F CH FIELD measurements were lower than gap-filled EC measurements. Emission factors of N 2 O from grazing calculated by F CH FIELD and gap-filled were 0.72% and 0.96%, respectively. N 2 O-N emissions were derived mainly from animal excreta (dung and urine) contributing 50% while N 2 O-N losses from CAN and background accounted for 36% and 14%, respectively. The study highlights the advantage of using both the EC and static chamber techniques in tandem to better quantify both total N 2 O-N losses from grazed pastures while also constraining the contribution of individual N sources. The EC technique was most accurate in quantifying N 2 O emissions, showing a range of uncertainty that was seven times lower relative to that attributed to static chamber measurements, due to the small chamber sample size per treatment and highly variable N 2 O flux measurements over space and time.
Genomic Characterization of Filamentous Cyanobacteria on Nantucket Beaches the Nantucket

A benthic, epiphytic cyanobacterium has been recently reported as invasive in temperate coastal beaches of the Island, Massachusetts, USA, during late summer. Microscopic and molecular analyses were applied to identify the cyanobacterium and describe its phylogenetic position, and to characterize the microbial communities associated with it. The morphological observations in parallel with 16S rRNA and nifH results suggest that the cyanobacterium is closely related to Hydrocoleum sp. (Oscillatoriales, Phormidiaceae), with the closest previously described relative Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum , and appears to represent a unique strain. The genus is a ubiquitous benthic cyanobacterium in tropical and subtropical waters and coral reefs, where it is at times considered a nuisance, while these observations in North Atlantic temperate waters may represent an expansion of its habitat range. Amplicon sequencing targeting the nifH gene confirmed that the cyanobacterium is capable of fixing N 2 , and also hosts a relatively diverse community of nifH -gene containing bacteria typifying microbial mat diazotroph communities growing in association with it. Hydrocoleum was recently reported to be a potential producer of homoanatoxin-a, a neurotoxin, but genes for these toxins were not detected in the communities investigated in this study. Increasing sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean may have contributed to this potential expansion of Hydrocoleum sp. habitat range.
Connected Dominating Set Problem and its Application to Wireless Sensor Networks

— In Wireless Sensor Networks, all nodes are energy constrained. There are no predefined and no fixed infrastructures in networks. A Connected Dominating Set can be created by different algorithms to organize nodes in a better way. A Connected Dominating Set can be shown as a backbone. A backbone is a subset of nodes that are able to perform especial tasks and serve nodes which are not in the backbone. A backbone reduces the communication overhead, increases the bandwidth efficiency, decreases the overall energy consumption, and, at last, increases network effective lifetime in a Wireless Sensor Network. For example, Connected Dominating Set nodes can perform efficient routing and broadcasting in networks. This paper tries to survey and classify different Connected Dominating Set formation algorithms. We compare their performances with each other.
A MIXED MODEL APPROACH TO ASSOCIATION MAPPING USING PEDIGREE INFORMATION WITH AN ILLUSTRATION TO RESISTANCE FOR PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS IN POTATO Genetics:

Association or linkage disequilibrium (LD) based mapping strategies receive increasing attention for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in plants as an alternative to more traditional, purely linkage based approaches. An attractive property of association approaches is that they don’t require specially designed crosses between inbred parents, but can be applied to collections of genotypes with arbitrary and often unknown relationships between the genotypes. A less obvious additional attractive property is that association approaches offer possibilities for QTL identification in crops with hard to model segregation patterns. The availability of candidate genes and targeted marker systems facilitates association approaches, as will appropriate methods of analysis. We propose an association mapping approach based on mixed models with attention for the incorporation of the relationships between genotypes, whether induced by pedigree, population sub structure or otherwise. Furthermore, we emphasize the need to pay attention to the environmental features of the data as well, i.e., adequate representation of the relations between multiple observations on the same genotypes. We illustrate our modeling approach using 25 years of Dutch national variety list data on late blight resistance in the genetically complex crop of potato. As markers, we used nucleotide binding site markers, a specific type of marker that targets resistance or resistance-analogue genes. To assess the consistency of QTLs identified by our mixed model approach, a second independent data set was analyzed. Two markers were identified that are potentially useful in selection for late blight resistance in potato.
(2018). Chlorine oxidation of VOCs at a semi-rural site in Beijing: Significant chlorine liberation from ClNO2 and subsequent gas- A nd particle-phase Cl-VOC production. Atmospheric

Nitryl chloride (ClNO 2 ) accumulation at night acts as a signiﬁcant reservoir for active chlorine and impacts the following day’s photochemistry when the chlorine atom is liberated at sunrise. Here, we report simultaneous measurements of N 2 O 5 and a suite of inorganic halogens including ClNO 2 and reactions of chloride with volatile organic compounds (Cl–VOCs) in the gas and particle phases utilising the Filter Inlet for Gas and AEROsols time-of-ﬂight chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS) during an intensive measurement campaign 40 km northwest of Beijing in May and June 2016. A maximum mixing ratio of 2900 ppt of ClNO 2 was observed with a mean campaign nighttime mixing ratio of 487 ppt, appearing to have an anthropogenic source supported by correlation with SO 2 , CO and benzene, which often persisted at high levels after sunrise until midday. This was attributed to such high mixing ratios persisting after numerous e -folding times of the photolytic lifetime enabling the chlorine atom production to reach 2.3 × 10 5 molecules cm − 3 from ClNO 2 alone, peaking at 09:30 LT and up to 8.4 × 10 5 molecules cm − 3 when including the supporting inorganic halogen measurements. Cl–VOCs were observed in the particle and gas phases for the ﬁrst time at high time resolution and illustrate how the iodide ToF-CIMS can detect unique markers of chlorine atom chemistry in ambient air from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Their presence and abundance can be explained via time series of their measured and steady-state calculated precursors, enabling the assessment of competing Copernicus of the European Geosciences OH and chlorine atom oxidation via measurements of products from both of these mechanisms and their relative contribution to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation.
Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy Impact of Microsatellite Instability in Colon Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, thus a public health concern. Even though most of the cases have a sporadic origin, a significant 10% are affected by a genetic predisposition. An inherited impaired function in the cellular mismatch repair (MMR) system of any MMR gene diagnoses the most frequent genetic syndrome associated with CRC, Lynch Syndrome. The faulty MMR system is directly associated with the presence of microsatellite instability. In this project, the authors present a microsatellite instability retrospective analysis in CRC samples of 252 patients, performed between 2013 and 2018, in the Molecular Analysis Laboratory of the Tumor Bank of Uruguay. Data from both high risk and general population-CRC patient samples were tested for microsatellite instability. From a cohort of 252 non-selected CRC patients who underwent MSI screening, 91 CRCs with MSI-H patients were identified to be in need of a different therapeutic and follow up approach. Additional benefits on utilizing MMR status rely on: prognosis information, differential chemosensitivity, and immunotherapy applicability. Timely management, treatment, and risk-reducing strategies are vital for MMR carriers. The modification of therapeutic standards by making a more opportune risk selection, benefits the patient, their families and has a positive economic impact. The recognition of colon cancer molecular subtypes represents the present reality for personalized medicine.
Endogenous frequencies and large shocks: price setting in Greece during the crisis

We utilize a unique micro price data set for Greece that underpins the Greek CPI. It spans almost two decades, during which Greece suffered a large economic shock. We find that during this time there were significant changes in the pricing behaviour of Greek firms. We also find macro-economic developments such as annual inflation and output growth are important factors in determining the frequency and size of price changes. Utilizing the results of the estimations, we set up a small simulation where by the inflation response reacts endogenously via an asymmetric impact on the frequency of price increases and the frequency of price decreases. The results of the simulations capture the Greek inflation developments well. Moreover, they also capture developments in the frequency of price increases and decreases seen in other economies and over different time-periods.