Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The supralabial imbrication pattern of the Typhlopoidea (Reptilia: Serpentes)

, AND S. ASHE. 1983. The distribution, behavioural ecology and breeding strategy of the pygmy toad, Mertensophryne micranotis (Lov.). Bull. British Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.) 45:85-93. POYNTON, J. C. 1964. The Amphibia of southern Africa: a faunal study. Ann. Natal Mus. 17:1-334. 1991. Amphibians of southeastern Tanzania, with special reference to Stephopaedes and Mertensophryne (Bufonidae). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 152: 451-473.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MESOECONOMIC RESEARCH – THE CASE OF THE BUSINESS CYCLE IN THE CZECH

The aim of this paper is to prove the relevance of research at the meso-level of economics, which comprises the research of individual markets, industries, sectors, regions etc. Mesoeconomics then help us to discover internal dynamic processes within macroeconomic development, variability within macroeconomic aggregates and in this way to facilitate predictability at the macro-level. This paper examines the case of the construction sector, which is specific from many points of view. The importance of mesoeconomic approach in the case of the construction sector generally exhibits many idiosyncrasies within the context of EU countries, and is only weakly correlated with the overall business cycle. Low correlation between construction and the total output out of the EU countries can be explained by the existence of a large number of factors, which affect construction to a much larger extent than other sectors. Concerning the time dimension of the development in construction, the panel regression model showed that the most fitting conclusion is the contemporaneous interdependence between gross value added in construction and the total gross value added.
Attentive Adversarial Network for Large-Scale Sleep Staging

Current approaches to developing a generalized automated sleep staging method rely on constructing a large labeled training and test corpora by leveraging electroencephalograms (EEGs) from diﬀerent individuals. However, data in the training set may exhibit changes in the EEG pattern that are very diﬀerent from the data in the test set due to inherent inter-subject variability, heterogeneity of acquisition hardware, diﬀerent montage choices and diﬀerent recording environments. Training an algorithm on such data without accounting for this diversity can lead to underperformance. In order to solve this issue, diﬀerent methods are investigated for learning an invariant representation across all individuals in datasets. However, all parts of the corpora are not equally transferable. Therefore, forcefully aligning the nontransferable data may lead to a negative impact on the overall performance. Inspired by how clinicians manually label sleep stages, this paper proposes a method based on adversarial training along with attention mechanisms to extract trans-ferable information across individuals from diﬀerent datasets and pay attention to more important or relevant channels and transferable parts of data, simultaneously. Using two large public EEG databases - 994 patient EEGs (6,561 hours of data) from the Phys-ionet 2018 Challenge (P18C) database and 5,793 patients (42,560 hours) EEGs from Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) - we demonstrate that adversarially learning a network with attention mechanism, signiﬁcantly boosts performance compared to state-of-the-art deep learning approaches in the cross-dataset scenario. By considering the SHHS as the training set, the proposed method improves, on average, precision from 0.72 to 0.84, sensitivity from 0.74 to 0.85, and Cohen’s Kappa coeﬃcient from 0.64 to 0.80 for the P18C database.
A Case Study: Seismic Stability of an Upstream Tailings Impoundment – Empirical Methods and Input Ground Motions

This paper presents the implications of the selection and treatment of input ground motions for the seismic stability evaluation of an upstream-raised tailings impoundment currently under construction. This impoundment contains niobium tailings, considered susceptible to liquefaction under seismic loads. Therefore a shell of compacted coarse tailings was built along the perimeter and is subsequently raised in the upstream direction with a decreasing width with height. An extensive monitoring program of the compacted shell, including CPTu and SPT testing, has been implemented to evaluate the compaction methods implemented and for quality control. The site lies in the seismic zone that produced the 1988 Saguenay earthquake (magnitude 5.9) and is capable of producing earthquakes with magnitudes as great as 7.5. The different methodologies and results are compared and discussed in the light of the empirical liquefaction assessment method.
Hiring as Exploration

This paper views hiring as a contextual bandit problem: to find the best workers over time, firms must balance “exploitation” (selecting from groups with proven track records) with “exploration” (selecting from under-represented groups to learn about quality). Yet modern hiring algorithms, based on “supervised learning” approaches, are designed solely for exploitation. Instead, we build a resume screening algorithm that values exploration by evaluating candidates according to their statistical upside potential. Using data from professional services recruiting within a Fortune 500 firm, we show that this approach improves the quality (as measured by eventual hiring rates) of candidates selected for an interview, while also increasing demographic diversity, relative to the firm's existing practices. The same is not true for traditional supervised learning based algorithms, which improve hiring rates but select far fewer Black and Hispanic applicants. In an extension, we show that exploration-based algorithms are also able to learn more effectively about simulated changes in applicant hiring potential over time. Together, our results highlight the importance of incorporating exploration in developing decision-making algorithms that are potentially both more efficient and equitable.
Taxonomic studies of the Japanese Formicidae, Part 1. Introduction to this series and descriptions of four new species of the genera Hypoponera, Formica and Acropyga

New species of Japanese ant will be described in a series of papers. As a first part the following four new species are described: Hypoponera nubatama, Formica hayashi, Acropyga kinomurai and A. yaeyamensis. Hypoponera nubatama is distinguished from the other East Asian congeners by having the following characteristics: antennal scapes reaching the posterior margin of head; eyes consisting of 3 facets and situated near the posterior margin of clypeus; petiolar node thin, with convex dorsal outline; body color black. [Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu)]. Formica hayashi seemingly resembles F. japonica, but can be distinguished from the latter by the number of erect hairs on 2nd gastral tergite excluding a row of hairs on posterior margin, relatively long antennal scapes and rounded posterolateral corners of head in frontal view. [Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yaku-shima; Korea]. Acropyga kinomurai is separated from the other Asian congeners by the 4-toothed mandibles, 11-segmented antennae, small eyes each consisting of 5-6 facets, wide head (CI>110) and flat dorsum of alitrunk. [Distribution: Japan (Yaeyama Is.)]. Acropyga yaeyamensis is distinctive in having the 4-toothed mandibles, 10-segmented antennae, and small body size (TL less than 2.0 mm). [Distribution: Japan (Yaeyama Is.)].
A VISUAL PERCEPTION SURVEY: SEEING EYE-TO-EYE AT NUCLEAR CHROMATIN OF NON-NEOPLASTIC CERVICAL SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS

OBJECTIVES: Subjective judgement of individual pathologists in visual perception of nuclear chromatin of cervical squamous epithelial cells is well known. Nonetheless, chromatin pattern of cervical squamous epithelial cell forms one of the diagnostic criteria in determining whether such cells have undergone neoplastic transformation. In such background, this study investigates agreement among pathologists regarding visual perception of nuclear chromatin of nonneoplastic cervical squamous epithelial cells. The findings would build a rational basis for future improvement in the diagnostic criteria of cervical Pap smear test. METHODS: A survey of 20 non-neoplastic cervical squamous epithelial cell images captured from Thinprep slides with chromatin regions detected at 5 sensitivity levels by Fuzzy C-Means clustering technique was constructed. This survey was distributed to 10 pathologists. Cohen's and Fleiss’ Kappa Tests were performed to investigate inter-observer agreement on the sensitivity levels that best represent the visual perception of the chromatin of each image. RESULTS: Agreement between every two pathologists ranges from poor to moderate (Cohen’s Kappa values less than 0 to 0.43). The overall agreement among ten pathologists is poor with Fleiss’ Kappa value=-0.0163. The grand mean sensitivity level for the chromatin detection is 3.725, with the standard deviation of 0.378. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement between every two pathologists in perceiving the chromatin of non-neoplastic cervical squamous epithelial cells is fairly low. Nonetheless, on average, the sensitivity level 4 represents the most sufficient level of chromatin detection among all pathologists. This sensitivity level 4 could be set as the optimum level for algorithmic comparison between non-neoplastic versus neoplastic cells in future work.
Breeding groups and gene dynamics in a socially structured population of prairie dogs

Genetic substructuring of a colony of black-tailed prairie dogs ( Cynomys ludovicianus ) was examined using three different sources of information: allozyme alleles, pedigrees, and demography (a “breeding-group” model based on mating and dispersal patterns). Prairie dogs and their social breeding groups (called “coteries”) were studied under natural conditions during a 15-year period. Prairie-dog coteries exhibited substantial genetic differentiation, with 15–20% of the genetic variation occurring among coteries. Mating patterns within the colony approximated random mating, and, thus, mates tended to originate from different coteries. Social groups of black-tailed prairie dogs resulted in genetic substructuring of the colony, a conclusion that was supported by estimates from allozyme alleles and colony pedigrees. Predictions of the breeding-group model also were consistent with and supported by estimates from allozyme and pedigree data. Some methodological problems were revealed during analyses. Although individuals of all ages usually are pooled for biochemical estimates of among-group genetic differentiation, our estimates of among-coterie variation from allozyme data were somewhat higher for young than for older prairie dogs, perhaps due to sampling effects caused by mating patterns and infanticide of offspring. Pedigree estimates of among-coterie genetic differentiation were significantly positive for young prairie dogs, adult females, and adult males. Those estimates were always more accurate for the offspring generation, however, because pedigree data were always more complete for young and genetic differences among coteries were diluted by virtually complete dispersal of males away from their natal coteries.
Systematics of the Cyprinid Fish Notropis amoenus, with Comments on the Subgenus Notropis

Notropis amoenus (Abbott) is redescribed and a detailed synonymy presented. Comments are made regarding its nomenclature, type-specimens, and habitat. Sixteen meristic and 10 morphometric characters show no regular pattern of geographic variation and no subspecies are recognized. The most variable meristic character is predorsal scale size; specimens with small, irregularly-arranged predorsal scales become progressively more frequent in northern populations. Mandible and snout lengths are generally shorter in northern populations, complicating the separation of N. amoenus from the closely related Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque. Sexual dimorphism in N. amoenus is weakly developed and confined chiefly to tuberculation differences, which are described. Breeding individuals show no chromatic coloration. N. amoenus is compared with similar and related species. It is specifically distinct from and distantly related to Notropis rubellus (Agassiz), a sympatric and often confused species. Notropis photogenis (Cope) differs from N. amoenus in possessing nine pelvic fin rays, an extremely rare feature in the genus. N. atherinoides is the closest relative of N. amoenus; distinguishing characters are scale counts, head proportions, and trophic modifications. The two species are largely allopatric, but their ranges overlap or come into proximity in New York. The ranges of N. amoenus and central and southeastern New York N. atherinoides are plotted, and their postglacial zoogeography discussed. The dispersal of both species has been influenced by man. N. amoenus is assigned to the subgenus Notropis Rafinesque, and problems within this group are discussed. The subgenus is divisible into two sections on the basis of breeding coloration and pectoral fin tuberculation. The N. rubellus group exhibits chromatic breeding colors. The first ray of the pectoral fin is nontuberculate and following rays bear a single file of large tubercles, a single tubercle occupying each ray segment. This group has no close relative among species currently assigned to the subgenus, and may be related to some species currently classified in the subgenus Hydrophlox Jordan and Brayton. The N. atherinoides group (which includes N. amoenus) and species commonly classified near it are characterized by the absence of chromatic breeding colors. The first ray of the pectoral fin is tuberculate and the following rays bear small tubercles arranged bi- or multiserially, with
Comparative Infectivity of Homologous and Heterologous Nucleopolyhedroviruses against Beet Armyworm Larvae1

ABSTRACT Homologous and heterologous nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) were assayed to determine their effectiveness against beet armyworm larvae, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Included were three NPV isolates from S. exigua, one isolate each from S. littoralis Boisduval, S. litura (F.), and S. ornithogalli (Guenée), two isolates from other noctuids, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Rachiplusia ou (Guenée), and one isolate from Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Before bioassays, all of the NPVs were serially passed four times through S. exigua larvae to increase their concentrations. The narrow host-range homologous SeMNPVs from South Carolina (SeMNPV-SC), Maryland (SeMNPV-MD), and Florida (SeMNPV-FL = Spod-X®) were three of the most effective NPVs against the homologous host, S. exigua, based on median lethal concentration values (LC50). Three heterologous isolates (HearNPV from H. armigera, SpliNPV from S. littoralis, and RoMNPV from R. ou) also had low LC50 values. According to their LC50 values, the least active NPVs were from P. xylostella (PlxyMNPV), S. ornithogalli (SoNPV), and S. litura (SpltNPV). Based on median time to kill (LT50) at LC90 concentrations, SeMNPV-SC and Spod-X® were the most effective isolates. The slowest acting NPVs were from S. litura, S. littoralis, and S. ornithogalli. The virulence of homologous and heterologous NPVs did not appear to be correlated with their genomic relatedness to SeMNPV or to the relatedness of the original NPV insect hosts to S. exigua.
Numerical and Experimental Study of the Stern Wedge Effects on the Hydrodynamics Performance of a Semi-Displacement Catamaran in Calm Water

In this article, the calm water resistance and dynamic instabilities of a semi-displacement catamaran fitted with a stern wedge is investigated using an experimental method and numerical technique. This is accomplished in order to probe into the effects of aft geometry modification on semi-displacement ship dynamic characteristics, especially at medium and high speeds. An advanced 6-DOF model that takes into consideration the dynamic mesh method has been utilized in open source code OpenFOAM. Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved using standard k-ε turbulence model and VOF method. The accuracy of the current numerical method is investigated by the calm water test in National Persian Gulf Towing Tank. The resistance, trim and sinkage of the ship were monitored during the experiments. The experimental analysis was performed on the initial model and a modified model with 8o wedge at different Froude numbers. After that, the wedges were mounted at different angles at the transom of the vessel and the effect of the angle change for 4 different angles was evaluated using numerical solution. The results show that fitting a stern wedge to this type of ship causes an intense pressure at the stern bottom. Also, it decreases the dynamic trimming and forward resistance of the craft. As well as, stern wedge causes increasing the lift force which affects the reduction of dynamic instabilities. It is concluded that numerical model presented here is quite suitable for accurately predicting dynamic characteristics of a semi-planing twin-hull ships at medium and high Froude numbers. As a result, 14% reduction in total resistance was observed due to the installation of a 6 degree stern wedge.
Genotype selection of Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn, under a multivariate framework

The pouteria sapota, also popularly known as sapote or mamey sapote, is a fruit tree of sapotaceae family originally from the tropical region of Central America with a great importance due to the almost complete utilization of the tree (fruit, seeds and wood) by industries. Thus, the study of its features becomes indispensable for selecting the most promising genotypes to increase the profitability of its production. In this study, it was used a dataset of 63 sapote trees placed in the botanical garden of Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE), located in Turrialba, Costa Rica. 17 quantitative characteristics were measured from trees, in order to evaluate the yield potential through the application of two multivariate statistical techniques: factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA). Firstly, the FA was performed and the 17 initial characteristics were reduced to four common factors that might describe particular characteristics like “fruit”, “seed”, “wood” and “leaf”. Thereafter, a CA was performed, with scores of FA, allowing the formation of five groups of trees with different traits. This methodology revealed the most promising trees in the economic point of view for every industry that uses the tree as raw material.
I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF R ESEARCH S CIENCE & M ANAGEMENT

A Secured sensor based clever checking framework has swung to be incredibly outstanding in various applications, for instance, restorative, redirection, security, and business fields. A development in complete people close by an important developing part is driving quick ascents in social insurance costs. The social insurance framework is encountering an adjustment in which persevering seeing of patients is possible even without hospitalization. Pushed Sensors recognize unusual or unforeseen conditions by checking physiological parameters close by various signs. In this way, fundamental help can be given in times of urgent need. This Android based application is valuable for watching and controlling the family electronic contraptions with UART tradition. The customer can give orders from their flexible application to kill on or turn the electronic devices in light of their needs. This framework uses viable sensors and IoT based strategies that screen improvements and current health position of human. By using the IoT office these purposes of intrigue will be encoded and secured into the Cloud Server, subsequently of this any different individuals can view and screen the health records of patient wherever in the globe and a comparable framework can offer decisions to customers to control the family electronic devices through their Android convenient application.
Sinosenecio jiangxiensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Jiangxi, China

Sinosenecio jiangxiensis Y. Liu & Q. E. Yang, a new species from Jiangxi, China, is described and illustrated and its chromosome number (2n=48) is reported. The karyotype is formulated as 2n=42m+4sm+2st (2sat). Sinosenecio jiangxiensis is similar to S. guangxiensis C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen and S. latouchei (J. F. Jeffrey) B. Nord. in leaf shape, abaxial leaf surface indumentum and achene pubescence, but differs in its smaller stature, smaller basal leaves, stem leafless or bearing only 1 bract-like leaf near the middle and thus more typically scapiform, and usually solitary capitula. Analysis of ITS sequences further confirmed the distinction of S. jiangxiensis and also revealed that S. jiangxiensis is closely related to S. guangxiensis, S. jiuhuashanicus C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, S. latouchei, S. saxatilis Y. L. Chen, and S. wuyiensis Y. L. Chen, with S. jiuhuashanicus, S. latouchei and S. wuyiensis being the closest relatives. A detailed comparison of these species is made, and a key to them is provided.
INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION OF THE HEMIPENIS IN SIPHLOPHIS AND TRIPANURGOS

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Age, Weight and the Genetics of Sexual Maturation in the Platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus

In order to elucidate the relationship between age, weight, genotype and sexual maturation, we raised male platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus, of two "maturation" genotypes under a wide variety of environmental conditions. In spite of enormous variation in the ages and weights at sexual maturation, the two maturation genotypes produced phenotypes that were almost completely distinguishable on the basis of their ages and weights at maturation. The demographic correlates of maturation within a genotype were an inseparable combination of age and weight.
Effects of clear-cutting on the enchytraeids in a scots pine forest soil in central Sweden

(1) The populations of enchytraeids in a Scots pine forest soil were investigated for 4 years in a newly-felled area and a control forest, and for 2 years in a 10-year-old felling. The population of Cognettia sphagnetorum (Vejd.), which comprises 99% of the enchytraeid numbers was found to increase drastically in abundance a short time after felling. Maximum densities were reached 2-5 years after felling when plots covered with felling residues had 171 000 individuals m-2 and plots cleaned from slash 129 000 individuals m-2, which was 700% and 500%, respectively, of the population in the control forest. Four years after felling, the populations at the clear-cut treatments had returned to the level of the control. In the old clearing, the abundance of C. sphagnetorum decreased to c. 15% of the control. (2) The results are discussed on the basis of changed food availability and changed C. sphagnetorum population qualities. The peak populations in the clear-felled treatments differed widely from the control; gregarinid parasitized worms were more frequent, and sexually mature C. sphagnetorum were found for the first time at the site.