Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of social cognition using an adapted Chinese version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test in drug-naive and regularly medicated individuals with chronic schizophrenia and healthy controls in rural China

Abstract Background Social cognition has not previously been assessed in treatment-naive patients with chronic schizophrenia, in patients over 60 years of age, or in patients with less than 5 years of schooling. Methods We revised a commonly used measure of social cognition, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), by expanding the instructions, using both self-completion and interviewer-completion versions (for illiterate respondents), and classifying each test administration as ‘successfully completed’ or ‘incomplete’. The revised instrument (RMET-CV-R) was administered to 233 treatment-naive patients with chronic schizophrenia (UT), 154 treated controls with chronic schizophrenia (TC), and 259 healthy controls (HC) from rural communities in China. Results In bivariate and multivariate analyses, successful completion rates and RMET-CV-R scores (percent correct judgments about emotion exhibited in 70 presented slides) were highest in HC, intermediate in TC, and lowest in UT (adjusted completion rates, 97.0, 72.4, and 49.9%, respectively; adjusted RMET-CV-R scores, 45.4, 38.5, and 34.6%, respectively; all p < 0.02). Stratified analyses by the method of administration (self-completed v. interviewer-completed) and by education and age (‘educated-younger’ v. ‘undereducated-older’) show the same relationship between groups (i.e. NC>TC>UT), though not all differences remain statistically significant. Conclusions We find poorer social cognition in treatment-naive than in treated patients with chronic schizophrenia. The discriminant validity of RMET-CV-R in undereducated, older patients demonstrates the feasibility of administering revised versions of RMET to patients who may otherwise be considered ineligible due to education or age by changing the method of test administration and carefully assessing respondents' ability to complete the task successfully.
Thwarted Belongingness and PTSD Symptom Severity among Firefighters: The Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties

The present investigation examined the associations among thwarted belongingness (TB), emotion regulation difficulties (ERD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity among firefighters. First, the associations of TB and ERD with PTSD symptom severity were evaluated. Second, the indirect effect of TB on PTSD symptom severity through ERD was examined. The sample included 246 trauma-exposed firefighters (M age = 40.21, SD = 9.93, 93.1% male) who completed an online questionnaire battery. Results demonstrate significant, positive associations among TB, ERD, and PTSD symptom severity; and an indirect effect of TB on PTSD symptom severity through heightened ERD (β = 0.17; CI [0.08, 0.29]). Alternate indirect effect models were also significant, underscoring the potentially bidirectional associations of these variables. These findings suggest that there is merit in investigating the role of interpersonal factors and ERD among firefighter populations to better understand PTSD symptomatology. Clinical and empirical implications are discussed.
Bioinks—materials used in printing cells in designed 3D forms

Abstract Use of materials to activate non-functional or damaged organs and tissues goes back to early ages. The first materials used for this purpose were metals, and in time, novel materials such as ceramics, polymers and composites were introduced to the field to serve in medical applications. In the last decade, the advances in material sciences, cell biology, technology and engineering made 3D printing of living tissues or organ models in the designed structure and geometry possible by using cells alone or together with hydrogels through additive manufacturing. This review aims to give a brief information about the chemical structures and properties of bioink materials and their applications in the production of 3D tissue constructs.
Dasotraline in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a placebo-controlled, fixed-dose trial

In a previous study, dasotraline demonstrated efficacy at a dose of 8 mg/day in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasotraline in doses of 4 and 6 mg/day. Adults meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria for ADHD were randomized to 8 weeks of double-blind, once-daily, fixed-dose treatment with dasotraline 4 mg/day, 6 mg/day, or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was changed in the ADHD Rating Scale, Version IV (ADHD RS-IV) total score. Secondary efficacy endpoints included the Clinical Global Impression, Severity (CGI-S) Scale. Least squares mean reduction at week 8 in the ADHD RS-IV HV total score was not significantly greater (vs. placebo) in the dasotraline 4 mg/day group (−15.0 vs. −13.9; n.s.; or in the dasotraline 6 mg/day group (−16.5 vs. −13.9; P = 0.074; Hochberg correction). Treatment with dasotraline 6 mg/day was significant at week 8 (uncorrected) on the ADHD RS-IV total score (P = 0.037) and the CGI-S score (P = 0.011). Treatment with the 4 mg/day dose of dasotraline was NS. Treatment with dasotraline was generally well tolerated. The results provide additional evidence that supports the potential efficacy of dasotraline, in doses of 6 mg/day, in adults with ADHD.
Ex-oxalate magnesium oxide, a strain-free nanopowder studied with diffraction line profile analysis

An analysis of the microstructure of nanocrystalline magnesium oxide produced by thermal decomposition of magnesium oxalate, in the temperature range 500 °C–1200 °C, is described. The study is based on diffraction line broadening analysis carried out with the integral breadth (Langford) and Fourier methods, combined with the pattern decomposition technique. Additionally, the whole pattern matching method is also applied. No marked line broadening anisotropy is observed in the patterns. It is shown that the nanopowders are characterized by minimal strain and that crystallites have an average spherical shape. Volume-weighted and area-weighted apparent sizes are in the ranges 98–480 Å and 72–282 Å, respectively, within the temperature range considered. The results obtained from line broadening analysis are compared to those observed with scanning electron microscopy and surface area measurements. A satisfactory agreement is found between sizes derived from the different techniques.
Environmental and Dietary Risk Factors for Colonic Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colonic diverticulosis (CD) is among the most common conditions of the large bowel. Several factors have been associated with an increased risk of CD and its complications, including advanced age, obesity, physical inactivity, and a low-fiber diet. Available data is conflicting and a comprehensive analysis of different bowel, dietary and environmental habits linked with CD is lacking. We aimed to investigate the relationship between potential risk factors and CD prevalence using full data from a colonoscopy-based cross-sectional study in Europe. METHODS The study was conducted at three tertiary referral centers in Germany and Lithuania. It included consecutive adult patients referred for routine colonoscopy who completed a detailed questionnaire on our considered multiple risk factors for diverticulosis and diverticulitis, including dietary and environmental factors, and bowel habits. RESULTS The study included 1,333 patients, 696 women and 635 men. Colonic diverticulosis was diagnosed in 858 (64%) of patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.06-1.10, p<0.001) and obesity (OR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.09, p=0.004) were associated with CD. We also revealed new risk factors for CD: increased frequency of bowel movements (OR: 0.10, 95%CI: 0.03-0.33, p<0.001) and feeling of incomplete bowel emptying (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.47-2.87, p<0.001). Older participants had reduced odds (OR: 0.921, 95 CI: 0.89-0.95, p<0.05) of diverticulitis compared to younger subjects. Feeling of incomplete bowel emptying after defecation was associated with increased odds (OR: 2.769, 95% CI 1.35-5.7, p<0.006) for diverticulitis. Moreover, participants with a higher educational status had increased odds (OR: 2.453, 95%CI: 1.31-4.59, p=0.005) for diverticulitis compared to the lower education group. CONCLUSIONS Study shows that older age, obesity, frequency of bowel movements, and feeling of incomplete bowel emptying are associated with the risk of CD. Furthermore, older age, feeling of incomplete bowel emptying, and higher education were associated with the risk of diverticulitis among CD patients.
Goals of Care Conversations at the End-of-Life: Perceived Impact of an Interprofessional Training Session on Professional Practices

Abstract An interprofessional training session for health professionals was designed to optimize practice regarding goals of care at the end-of-life with patients and their families. The training session supported implementation of a new unified format, used in all healthcare establishments in Quebec since 2018, to document treatment preferences of persons with serious illness or advanced frailty. Three months after the training, participants revealed three main changes in their professional practices: (1) better use of the unified form as a communication tool to discuss end-of-life care with patients; (2) improved interprofessional practices in complex goals of care conversations situations through better affirmation of their role along with recognition of other professionals’ roles in this decision-making process; and (3) assumption improved recognition of advocacy, support and enabler roles with patients and families during goals of care conversations. Change facilitators are related to the participants’ personal characteristics, whereas the change constraints identified by participants mainly concern organizational factors. This implies potential recommendations to optimize patients’ ability to mobilize in order to make informed decisions about their end-of-life care.
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging to investigate the behaviour of proteins subjected to freeze–thaw cycles in droplets, wells, and under flow†

Biopharmaceuticals are used to treat a range of diseases from arthritis to cancer, however, since the advent of these highly specific, effective drugs, there have been challenges involved in their production. The most common biopharmaceuticals, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are vulnerable to aggregation and precipitation during processing. Freeze thaw cycles (FTCs), which can be required for storage and transportation, can lead to a substantial loss of product, and contributes to the high cost of antibody production. It is therefore necessary to monitor aggregation levels at susceptible points in the production pathway, such as during purification and transportation, thus contributing to a fuller understanding of mAb aggregation and providing a basis for rational optimisation of the production process. This paper uses attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging to investigate the effect of these potentially detrimental FTCs on protein secondary structure in both static wells and under flowing conditions, using lysozyme as a model protein. The results revealed that the amount of protein close to the surface of the ATR crystal, and hence level of aggregates, increased with increasing FTCs. This was observed both within wells and under flow conditions, using conventional ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging. Interestingly, we also observed changes in the Amide I band shape indicating an increase in β-sheet contribution, and therefore an increase in aggregates, with increasing number of FTCs. These results show for the first time how ATR-FTIR spectroscopy can be successfully applied to study the effect of FTC cycles on protein samples. This could have numerous broader applications, such as in biopharmaceutical production and rapid diagnostic testing.
Synthesis of GaN nanowires by CVD method: effect of reaction temperature

GaN nanowires are fabricated on Si substrates by ammoniating Ga2O3/NiCl2 thin films using chemical vapour deposition method. The influence of reaction temperature on microstructure, morphology and optical properties of GaN nanowires is characterised by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence. The results demonstrate that the GaN nanowires are single crystalline and exhibit hexagonal wurtzite symmetry. The best crystalline quality was achieved for an reaction temperature of 1150°C for 15 min. The growth process follows vapour–liquid–solid mechanism and Ni plays an important role as the nucleation point and as a catalyst.
Production silicon molecular beam epitaxy apparatus for 4‐in.‐diam wafers

A high output production silicon molecular beam epitaxy apparatus for 4‐in. ‐diam wafers is described. Throughput time in an ordinary operation is as short as 20 min/wafer with the help of cassette loading and high growth rates around 20 A/s. Silicon is deposited from a sweep eb‐gun with a hearth capacity of 50 cm3. Rotation of the wafer yields a thickness uniformity of <±5% across a 4‐in. wafer. Antimony as a dopant is evaporated from a conventional Knudsen cell and doping uniformity of <±10% is obtained. The uniformity variation reflects temperature variations of ±5 °C across a typical wafer. Good heating uniformity is achieved with a graphite meander heater. Low temperature cleaning of the substrate surface is also described.
Cognitive and Motivational Predictors of Narrative and Informational Text Comprehension

Abstract The present study employed regression analyses to examine the influence of cognitive competencies (decoding ability, vocabulary knowledge, prior knowledge) and intrinsic motivation (curiosity and involvement) on the comprehension of narrative and informational texts. Participants included 104 students in grades four and five. Results showed informational text comprehension was predicted with vocabulary knowledge and intrinsic motivation (involvement) while narrative text comprehension was predicted with decoding ability and intrinsic motivation (curiosity). Intrinsic motivation explained about 4% of the variance in comprehension for each text type beyond the other cognitive study variables. Reading comprehension – regardless of text type – was predicted with intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation should be an area of emphasis in both research and instruction with a wide range of texts to support reading comprehension.
Doraemon and snow white dreams come true: understanding cartoon pilgrimage travel motivations

ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that cartoon fans may make pilgrimages to cartoon sites where the displays are derived from popular plots, scenes, and characters. Through a phenomenological lens with data obtained from semi-structured interviews, this study reveals five travel motivations concerning the cartoon pilgrimage phenomenon, including heroism and princessism, nostalgia, plot framing, resonance between virtual and reality, and deep cultural learning. The present inquiry further contributes to the literature by illuminating a process leading from dreams, reverie, and fantasy manifested in the animated virtual world, to the reality realized through deep immersion and engrossment in the tourism space.
Model calculations on the amide-I infrared bands of globular proteins

Model calculations are performed on the amide-I infrared (IR) bands of globular proteins. Coupling between peptide groups is introduced by the transition dipole coupling (TDC) mechanism. Good agreement is obtained between the calculated and observed amide-I band envelopes. In order to obtain detailed information on the structure-spectrum correlation, 3-D doorway-state theory is worked out and is applied to the spectra thus calculated. The E1- mode like motions of (alpha) -helices are shown to have large contributions to the IR intensity in the 1640 - 1630 cm-1 region of myoglobin, settling the question as to the origin of such bands observed for highly helical proteins. The differences in the amide-I band envelopes between (alpha) -lactalbumin and lysozyme are most probably due to the structural differences between the (alpha) -helical parts near the N-termini of these proteins.
Understanding online travel communities: a literature review and future research directions in hospitality and tourism

ABSTRACT This study conducts a literature review and thematically synthesizes 71 OTC articles published from 2002 to 2020, primarily from the leading hospitality and tourism journals. The findings reveal four topical clusters with several topics from the existing literature and further analyze the main variables and theories used in each cluster. It also presents a comprehensive knowledge of OTC literature by providing a holistic framework based on the variables identified from the reviewed articles. The article concludes with a discussion of several key research gaps in OTC research and suggestions of topics, themes, and methodologies for future research directions.
Factors associated with the stigma-discrimination complex towards healthcare workers among university students during the coronavirus pandemic in Mexico

The COVID-19-related stigma towards healthcare workers negatively influences their performance and job satisfaction, and well-being. The frequency of COVID-19-related stigma towards healthcare workers and its associated factors has not been sufficiently investigated. The objective was to determine the frequency and variables associated with COVID-19-related stigmatisation towards health workers in emerging-age university adults in Mexico. Analytical and cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire in 1,054 students between 18 and 29 years of age. Demographic variables, religiosity, fear of COVID-19 and stigma-discrimination related to COVID-19 towards healthcare workers were analysed. The latter was set as the dependent variable, while demographic variables, religiosity and high fear of COVID-19 were the independent variables. For the association between the variables, a binomial and logarithmic generalised linear model was designed to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios. The proportion of high stigma-discrimination was 12.4%, and this was associated with a high fear of COVID-19 (APR 1.51, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.23). The main limitations were the cross-sectional nature, social desirability bias, non-probabilistic sampling. The results highlight the importance of establishing programmes to reduce COVID-19-related stigmatisation towards healthcare workers.
Graph-structured populations and the Hill–Robertson effect

The Hill–Robertson effect describes how, in a finite panmictic diploid population, selection at one diallelic locus reduces the fixation probability of a selectively favoured allele at a second, linked diallelic locus. Here we investigate the influence of population structure on the Hill–Robertson effect in a population of size N. We model population structure as a network by assuming that individuals occupy nodes on a graph connected by edges that link members who can reproduce with each other. Three regular networks (fully connected, ring and torus), two forms of scale-free network and a star are examined. We find that (i) the effect of population structure on the probability of fixation of the favourable allele is invariant for regular structures, but on some scale-free networks and a star, this probability is greatly reduced; (ii) compared to a panmictic population, the mean time to fixation of the favoured allele is much greater on a ring, torus and linear scale-free network, but much less on power-2 scale-free and star networks; (iii) the likelihood with which each of the four possible haplotypes eventually fix is similar across regular networks, but scale-free populations and the star are consistently less likely and much faster to fix the optimal haplotype; (iv) increasing recombination increases the likelihood of fixing the favoured haplotype across all structures, whereas the time to fixation of that haplotype usually increased, and (v) star-like structures were overwhelmingly likely to fix the least fit haplotype and did so significantly more rapidly than other populations. Last, we find that small (N < 64) panmictic populations do not exhibit the scaling property expected from Hill & Robertson (1966 Genet. Res. 8, 269–294. (doi:10.1017/S0016672300010156)).
Ancient DNA from the extinct Haitian cave-rail (Nesotrochis steganinos) suggests a biogeographic connection between the Caribbean and Old World

Worldwide decline in biodiversity during the Holocene has impeded a comprehensive understanding of pre-human biodiversity and biogeography. This is especially true on islands, because many recently extinct island taxa were morphologically unique, complicating assessment of their evolutionary relationships using morphology alone. The Caribbean remains an avian hotspot but was more diverse before human arrival in the Holocene. Among the recently extinct lineages is the enigmatic genus Nesotrochis, comprising three flightless species. Based on morphology, Nesotrochis has been considered an aberrant rail (Rallidae) or related to flufftails (Sarothruridae). We recovered a nearly complete mitochondrial genome of Nesotrochis steganinos from fossils, discovering that it is not a rallid but instead is sister to Sarothruridae, volant birds now restricted to Africa and New Guinea, and the recently extinct, flightless Aptornithidae of New Zealand. This result suggests a widespread or highly dispersive most recent common ancestor of the group. Prior to human settlement, the Caribbean avifauna had a far more cosmopolitan origin than is evident from extant species.
The intracellular environment affects protein–protein interactions

Significance Protein–protein interactions are essential for proper cellular function. Macromolecular crowding can influence these interactions via two phenomena: hard-core repulsions and soft (chemical) interactions. Simple theory predicts that hard-core repulsions are stabilizing, and stabilization increases with increased crowding, while chemical interactions can be stabilizing or destabilizing. We investigated the effect of the cellular environment on a model protein–protein interaction in a prokaryote (Escherichia coli) and a eukaryote (Xenopus laevis oocytes). The observation that the complex is more stable in the eukaryote, even though it is less crowded, highlights the key role played by chemical interactions under physiologically relevant conditions. Protein–protein interactions are essential for life but rarely thermodynamically quantified in living cells. In vitro efforts show that protein complex stability is modulated by high concentrations of cosolutes, including synthetic polymers, proteins, and cell lysates via a combination of hard-core repulsions and chemical interactions. We quantified the stability of a model protein complex, the A34F GB1 homodimer, in buffer, Escherichia coli cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes. The complex is more stable in cells than in buffer and more stable in oocytes than E. coli. Studies of several variants show that increasing the negative charge on the homodimer surface increases stability in cells. These data, taken together with the fact that oocytes are less crowded than E. coli cells, lead to the conclusion that chemical interactions are more important than hard-core repulsions under physiological conditions, a conclusion also gleaned from studies of protein stability in cells. Our studies have implications for understanding how promiscuous—and specific—interactions coherently evolve for a protein to properly function in the crowded cellular environment.