Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preferences for different representations of colonial history in a Canadian urban indigenous community

When a social group’s history includes significant victimization by an outgroup, how might that group choose to represent its collective history, and for what reasons? Employing a social identity approach, we show how preferences for different representations of colonial history were guided by group interest in a sample of urban Indigenous participants. Three themes were identified after thematic analysis of interview and focus group transcripts from thirty-five participants who identified as Indigenous. First, participants expressed concern that painful, victimization-focused representations of colonial history would harm vulnerable ingroup members, and urged caution when representing colonial history in this way. Second, while colonial history was clearly painful and unpleasant for all participants, many nevertheless felt it was important that representations of colonial history tell the whole truth about how badly Indigenous people have been mistreated by outgroups. Participants suggested these brutal representations of colonial history could also serve the interests of their group by bolstering ingroup pride when representations also emphasized the resilience of Indigenous peoples. Finally, participants described how brutal representations of colonial history could help transform intergroup relations with non-Indigenous outgroups in positive ways by explaining present challenges in Indigenous communities as the result of intergenerational trauma. We discuss findings in terms of their relevance for ingroup agency and their implications for public representations of colonial history.
Interactive comment on “Impact of air pollution control measures and regional transport on carbonaceous aerosols in fine particulate matter in urban Beijing, China: Insights gained from long-term measurement” by Dongsheng Ji et al

General comments The manuscript describe how EC and OC concentrations changed at Beijing between 2013 and 2017. Hourly EC/OC data is important and informative. However, interpretation of data is not equally robust. In some parts, discussions are very speculative. This is the main weakness of this paper. Seasonal, diurnal and interannual variations are nicely discussed. Particularly discussion of long-term variations
Origin of lactic acid bacteria in mulkimchi fermentation

The assortment of endophytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in kimchi derives from its raw vegetables, which include Chinese cabbage, radish, welsh onion, onion, garlic, red pepper, and ginger. These vegetables were examined during mulkimchi fermentation using gene-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction and 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. Sixteen species from five LAB genera (Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Weissella) appeared in the raw kimchi materials. Interestingly, nine LAB species were identified in mulkimchi on fermentation day 0 as follows: Leuconostoc carnosum, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc gelidum, Leuconostoc inhae, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactococcus lactis, and Weissella confusa. Seven additional LAB species were present in mulkimchi at fermentation day 9 as follows: Leuconostoc gasicomitatum, Leuconostoc kimchii, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus pentosus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Weissella koreensis. These species corresponded completely with the LAB in kimchi vegetables. Wei. confusa was the predominant LAB during early fermentation (pH 6.20 to 4.98 and acidity 0.20 to 0.64%), while Lac. sakei, Lac. plantarum, and Wei. koreensis became dominant later in fermentation (pH 4.98 to 3.88 and acidity 0.64 to 1.26%). These results collectively demonstrate that the LAB involved in mulkimchi fermentation originates from the raw vegetables examined.
Trade Finance and International Currency

The determinants of international currency received a lot of academic attention since great recession, especially given China’s intention to internationalize RMB. Recent empirical studies in history and international economics confirmed the importance of financial market development in this process. To provide micro-foundation for such observation, I built a two-country monetary search model with financial friction. Trade takes time, and the lack of trust makes importer and exporter rely on bank-intermediated finance. The choice of international currency is related with terms of trade, monetary policy, and financial market development. The effect of monetary policy on international trade differs according to currency regime. Related topic such as size effect and capital account liberalization is also discussed. ∗I’m indebted to Wing Woo for continuous guidance and support. I also thank Athanasios Geromichalos, Seungduck Lee, and Mingzhi Xu for helpful comments and suggestions.
Examining Ethnic Entrepreneurs’ Funding Access in Post-Crisis Ireland

Purpose: Considering the growing number of ethnic-entrepreneurs in Ireland and the government‟s policy focus on Small-to-Medium Enterprises (SME), this paper explores ethnic-entrepreneurs access to external (bank) finance. Irish SMEs in general are heavily reliant on bank finance and following the global financial crisis (GFC) and Irish banking and property crises, they have experienced dramatic credit rationing. We explore whether the ethnic-minority SME in Ireland has experienced a similar funding gap and the extent to which their social capital inhibits their funding opportunities. Methodology: Thirty ethnic-minority entrepreneurs in the Midlands region of Ireland were surveyed and interviewed using a snowball sampling approach. Findings: The findings suggest that ethnic-minority SMEs have a significantly higher rate of credit refusal and have comparatively limited finance opportunities. Ethnic-entrepreneurs‟ social capital resources inhibited their funding preferences as suggested by the Pecking Order Hypothesis; in particular, their weak cognitive and relational resources negatively impacted their structural social capital in relation to formal bank-loan applications. Access to government entrepreneurial supports were also constrained by a dearth of social capital resources that manifested in a range of restrictions (fear of rejection, layers of bureaucracy, lack of adequate information, language barriers). Value: This paper uniquely sheds light on the ethnic-entrepreneur‟s awareness, understanding and in some cases, experiences of accessing bank finance, microfinance and other government supports in post-crisis Ireland. From this specific national experience, policy recommendations to more effectively support ethnic-minority entrepreneurs in accessing finance are identified and discussed.
Exploring Iranian EFL Learners’ Listening Skills via TED Talks: Does Medium Make a Difference?

This quasi-experimental study examined whether TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) talks could improve the listening skills of Iranian EFL learners. The study also explored whether the different media of instruction could have differing impacts on the students’ learning. Sixty intermediate level male learners aged between 18 and 20 in three intact classes (n1=n2=n3=20) were the participants selected through convenience sampling. The groups were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group after ensuring that they were at the same level of language proficiency. One of the experimental groups watched TED talks via mobile devices, another group watched them through laptops, and the control group practiced listening through DVDs and CDs of the course textbook (American File 2) for ten sessions. It is worth mentioning that the mobile group watched the videos outside of the class, whereas the laptop and control groups practiced listening in the class. Every session, the participants answered some comprehension questions to enable the researchers to measure their development. The repeated measures ANOVA showed the improvement of the listening skills of all participants in the three groups during the treatment. The results of the one-way ANOVA and post hoc comparison revealed statistically significant differences between the mobile group watching the TED talks and the control group, but no differences were found between the mobile group and the laptop group or between the control and the laptop groups. The researchers inferred that the observed difference was due to using TED talks via mobile devices in the study. They could also conclude that TED talks are useful sources of practicing listening skills. The study shows the efficacy of self-directed learning via mobile devices and has implications for teachers and practitioners who are seeking ways to extend language learning beyond the confinements of the classroom.
Dependence of Latin America external sector on commodity prices

En el presente trabajo analizamos la relacion entre determinadas variables macroeconomicas y los precios de commodities en AmA©rica Latina. La hipotesis principal es que el desempeno economico del area siguio el patron del movimiento de los precios de las commodities. Tambien era esperable que algunas commodities fuesen mas relevantes que otras. Encontramos evidencia a favor de nuestra primera hipotesis, pero no de la segunda. Un resultado importante es que los quiebres de las variables economicas y de los precios de las commodities siguieron una distribucion bimodal durante los ultimos 60 anos con una moda en los setentas y la otra moda a principios del siglo 21.
Compact left-handed dual-band filters based on shundted stub resonators

In this paper, super-compact microstrip dual-band resonator is presented, designed using the superposition of two simple left-handed (LH) resonators with single shunt stub. The proposed resonator exhibits spurious response in wide frequency range and therefore allows construction of dual-band filters using the superposition principle. The equivalent circuit model of the proposed resonator is crated and the influence of different geometrical parameters to the performances of the resonator are analyzed in details. As an examples, two dual-band filters that operate simultaneously at the WiMAX frequency bands are designed.
Diversity of rNA iNterfereNce pAthwAys iN regulAtioN of eNDogeNous AND exogeNous sequeNces expressioN iN ciliAtes TeTrahymena AND Paramecium

` RNA interference plays a major role in biology of ciliates. Diverse small RNAs regulate many processes in vegetative cells of ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium. Different types of endogenous and exogenous nucleotide sequences induce different RNAi pathways resulting in silencing of the homologous sequences in the macronuclear genome. Likely this way ciliates are able to quickly inactivate heterogeneous sequences and to adapt efficiently to the environmental conditions and external stimuli.
Hibonite-(Fe), (Fe,Mg)Al12O19, a new alteration mineral from the Allende meteorite

Hibonite-(Fe), (Fe,Mg)Al12O19, is the Fe2+-dominant analog of hibonite CaAl12O19, discovered in a highly altered Ca-,Al-rich refractory inclusion from the Allende meteorite. It occurs as scattered micrometer-sized single crystals within an aggregate of hercynite (Fe,Mg)Al2O4, adjacent to nepheline, ilmenite, ferroan spinel, perovskite, and hibonite. The mean chemical composition determined by electron microprobe analysis of hibonite-(Fe) is Al2O3 90.05 wt%, FeO 3.60, SiO2 2.09, MgO 1.61, Na2O 0.55, CaO 0.28, TiO2 0.04, V2O3 0.02, sum 98.25, corresponding to an empirical formula of (Fe2+ 0.34Mg0.27Na0.12Al0.11Ca0.03)Σ0. 87 (Al11.77Si0.23)Σ12. 00O19. Hibonite-(Fe) is hexagonal, P63/mmc; a = 5.613 Å, c = 22.285 Å, V = 608.0 Å3 and Z = 2. Its electron backscatter diffraction pattern is a good match to that of the hibonite structure. Hibonite-(Fe) is apparently a secondary alteration product formed by iron-alkali-halogen metasomatism, whereas hibonite is a primary refractory phase.
White Matter Hyperintensity And Vascular Disease From Biological Basis To Clinical Significance

“White matter disease” identifies series of different conditions and pathological mechanisms: autoimmune, infectious, toxic-metabolic and vascular. Each of these leads to a global impairment of the neural myelination process through the secondary destruction of previously myelinated structures. To date, the imaging spectrum represents an irreplaceable tool to detect these lesions, describe their distribution patterns and stage them over time. This study aims presents a pictorial review of white matter disease, from pathology to imaging spectrum, reporting current main staging systems with greater emphasis to relationship between cerebrovascular disease and white matter hyper-intensity appearance, and the newest advances in this field.
Deploying Interactive Mission Planning Tools

This article contains a retrospective overview of connected work performed for the European Space Agency (ESA) over a span of 10 years. We have been creating and rening an AI approach to problem solving and injected a series of deployed planning and scheduling systems which have innovated agency’s mission planning practice. Goal of the paper is to identify general lessons learned and guidelines for work practice of the future. Specically, the work dwells on issue related to some key points that have contributed to strengthen the effectiveness of our approach: the attention to domain modeling, the constraintbased algorithm synthesis, and the development of an endto-end methodology to eld applications. Desirable features of space applications useful for protable and successful deployment on different ground segment operations are also discussed.
Libraries Resource Directory FUZZY BASED EVALUATION

The importance of agent oriented system emergence of Industry 4.0. As the agent oriented system becom system architecture design would be more complicated and the modeling tools play an important role at that stage. To date, a great number of agent modeling tools have been introduced but to choose the best tool for different features and functions paper summarizes some important criteria of fuzzy based evaluation to rank the three popul based evaluation technique is able to objectively specified criteria.
Examining the Minor Allele Frequency Spectrum of the Heritability of Complex Human Traits

Author(s): Hartman, Kevin Alexander | Advisor(s): Hernandez, Ryan D | Abstract: The genetic architecture of complex human traits remains largely unknown. The distribution of heritability across the minor allele frequency (MAF) spectrum for a trait will be a function of the MAF of its causal variants and their effect sizes. Assumptions about these relationships underpin the tools used to estimate heritability. We examine the performance of two widely used tools, Haseman-Elston (HE) Regression and genomic-relatedness-based restricted maximum-likelihood (GREML). Our simulations show that HE is less biased than GREML under a wide-variety of models, and that the estimated standard error for HE tends to be substantially overestimated. We then applied HE Regression to infer the heritability of 72 quantitative biomedical traits from up to 50,000 individuals with genotype and imputation data from the UK Biobank. We found that adding each individuals’ geolocation as covariates corrected for population stratification that could not be accounted for by principal components alone (particularly for rare variants). The biomedical traits we analyzed had an average heritability of 0.27, with low frequency variants (MAF≤0.05) explaining an average of 47.7% of the total heritability (and lower frequency variants with MAF≤0.02 explaining a majority of our increased heritability over previous estimates). Variants in regions of low LD accounted for 3.3-fold more heritability than the variants in regions of high LD, an effect primarily driven by low frequency variants. These findings suggest a moderate action of negative selection on the causal variants of these traits.
Changes in Range of Motion after Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injection in Frozen Shoulder: A Retrospective 3-Month Follow-Up Study

Objective: To examine (1) the degree of reduction of passive range of motion (PROM) on the affected side compared to that on the unaffected side and (2) the degree of increase in PROM following intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IACI) in patients with frozen shoulder. Method: The medical records of 120 patients with frozen shoulder were retrospectively reviewed. PROM of the unaffected and affected shoulder (flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation) was compared, and changes in PROM of the affected shoulder after a single IACI (triamcinolone 20 mg) were evaluated after 12 weeks. Results: At the time of diagnosis, PROM of the affected shoulder was most limited in external rotation, followed by internal rotation, abduction, extension, and flexion, compared to that of the unaffected shoulder. Compared to before IACI, PROM of external rotation demonstrated the greatest increase compared to all the other movements after IACI. Conclusion: Limitation in PROM of the frozen shoulder at the time of diagnosis was greatest for external rotation. Moreover, external rotation experienced the greatest improvement after IACI. Our findings should help to further clarify the clinical characteristics of frozen shoulder, aid in its diagnosis, and allow the prediction of the effects of IACI. (Clinical Pain 2019;18:76-81)
Interactive comment on “Remote biomass burning dominates southern West African air pollution during the monsoon” by Sophie L. Haslett et al

Vast stretches of agricultural land in southern and central Africa are burnt between June and September each year, which releases large quantities of aerosol into the atmosphere. The resulting smoke plumes are carried west over the Atlantic Ocean at altitudes between 2 and 4 km. As only limited observational data in West Africa have existed until now, whether this pollution has an impact at lower altitudes has remained unclear. The DynamicsAerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) aircraft campaign took place in southern West 5 Africa during June and July 2016, with the aim of observing gas and aerosol properties in the region in order to assess anthropogenic and other influences on the atmosphere. Results presented here show that a significant mass of aged accumulation mode aerosol was present in the southern West African monsoon layer, over both the ocean and the continent. A median dry aerosol concentration of 6.2 μg m (standard temperature and pressure (STP)) was observed over the Atlantic Ocean upwind of the major cities, 10 with an interquartile range from 5.3 to 8.0 μg m. This concentration increased to a median of 11.1 μg m (8.6 to 15.7 μg m) in the immediate outflow from cities. In the continental air mass away from the cities, the median aerosol loading was 7.5 μg m (5.9 to 10.5 μg m). The accumulation mode aerosol population over land displayed similar chemical properties to the upstream population, which implies that upstream aerosol is a significant source of
Clinical results and importance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in detecting targeted mutations in the treatment of metastatic Lung Cancer: Single center initial results

Objective: In Lung cancer (LC), which is one of the most deadly cancers, longer survival has been achieved with targeted agents. For this reason, it is important to find the patients who are suitable for targeted therapies. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a method that allows multiple genetic variants to be detected simultaneously by performing massive parallel DNA sequencing at the same time. We wanted to reveal the clinical effects and benefits of genetic variant analysis with NGS for our patients. Material and Methods: Patients with stage 4 non-squamous and not otherwise specified (NOS) Non-small cell LC who underwent genetic variant analysis with NGS were included in the study, retrospectively. Results: Total of the 51 patients, 41 (80.4%) were male and the median age was 64 (35-85) years. According to TNM, 21 (41.2%) patients were stage 4A, 30 (58.8%) patients were stage 4B and 39 (76.5%) patients had adenocarcinoma and 12 (23.5%) had NOS histology. NGS analyzes were performed in median 14 days (8-43) and determined 24 pathogenic variants in 17 (%25) patients: 9EGFR (%17,6), 6PIKC3A (%11,7), 5KRAS (%9,8), 2PTEN (%3,9), 1BRAF (%1,9), 1MET (%1,6) (7 of them concomitantly). Cytotoxic chemotherapy was recommended in 41, anti-EGFR agents in 8 (afatinib in 4, erlotinib in 4 patients) patients and anti-BRAF+MEK inhibitor agent (dabrafenib+trametinib) in 1 patient. Conclusion: With the NGS, in just two weeks, both target and resistance genetic variants of our patients were detected at the same time and individualized treatments were applied. In this way, both time and cost were saved.
Hand-pairing: a new technique for obtaining copulations within and between Calopteryx species (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae)

In the Zygoptera, mating is a two-stageprocess. Tandem formationis achieved when the male grasps the female’s prothorax with his anal appendages. Copulation does not occur until the femalebends herabdomenand brings her genitalia into contact with the male accessory genitalia. Mating decisions and species discriminationcould occur at either or both ofthese steps (TENNESSEN, 1982). During studies of the reproductive behavior of Calopteryx maculata, we discovered that if a hand-heldmale’s anal appendages were brought intocontact with the prothorax ofa hand-held female, the tandem position could be attained. We investigated the probability of copulation resulting from this technique in conspecific pairs of five Calopteryx species. We also attempted to form tandem pairs between sympatric C. maculata and C. dimidala, a smaller species. In the majority of cases hand-pairing resulted in tandem formation and copulation A method is described for inducing the tandem position by hand-pairingin Calopteryx species. In C. maculata, hand-pairing resulted in tandem formation and
The Effect of Internal Marketing Elements on Organizational Commitment of Health Workers (A Case of Ethiopia)

Internal marketing has been taken as a tool that can positively influence organizational commitment of employees to consistently deliver quality service. However, not much is known about the effect of internal marketing on employee commitment in health care institutions especially in Ethiopian context. This study, therefore, attempts to examine the effect of internal marketing on organizational commitment in the case of health care institutions in Sidama Zone. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique and data analyzed mainly using correlation and regression. The study established three dimensions of internal marketing comprising, vision, staff development, and reward. Together, these internal marketing dimensions had 15 items which predicted almost 73% of the variance in employee commitment. Keywords : Internal marketing, organizational commitment health workers JEL Classification: M10 - General DOI : 10.7176/JMCR/61-02 Publication date :October 31 st 2019
Measuring Relational Trust in Human-Robot Interactions

Trust is an integral part of almost any human-robot interaction (HRI). The most technologically advanced robot can sit unused if a human interactant does not trust it. Conversely, a robot that is overly trusted may be assumed to be more advanced than it truly is, resulting in over-reliance on an imperfect system [8]. One of the most widely used definitions for trust in HRI is that trust is "the attitude that an agent will help achieve an individual's goals in a situation characterized by uncertainty and vulnerability. " [6]. As robots initially emerged into society in factory roles, their goals were clear and their performance was concretely measurable with metrics such as time to completion, number of errors in a given behavior, and behavior consistency over time. The humans who worked with them, therefore, could base their trust in the robots on how effectively they achieved these clearly defined goals.