Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polymorphic Relaxed Noninterference

Information-flow security typing statically preserves confidentiality by enforcing noninterference. To address the practical need of selective and flexible declassification of confidential information, several approaches have developed a notion of relaxed noninterference, where security labels are either functions or types. The labels-as-types approach to relaxed noninterference supports expressive declassification policies, including recursive ones, via a simple subtyping-based ordering, and provides a local, modular reasoning principle. In this work, we extend this expressive declassification approach in order to support polymorphic declassification. First, we identify the need for bounded polymorphism through concrete examples. We then formalize polymorphic relaxed noninterference in a typed object-oriented calculus, using a step-indexed logical relation to prove that all well-typed terms are secure. Finally, we address the case of primitive types, which requires a form of ad-hoc polymorphism. Therefore, this work addresses practical hurdles to providing controlled and expressive declassification for the construction of information-flow secure systems.
A Thorough Study of LoRaWAN Performance Under Different Parameter Settings

LoRaWAN is an emerging low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology, which is gaining momentum thanks to its flexibility and ease of deployment. Conversely to other LPWAN solutions, LoRaWAN indeed permits the configuration of several network parameters that affect different network performance indexes, such as energy efficiency, fairness, and capacity, in principle making it possible to adapt the network behavior to the specific requirements of the application scenario. Unfortunately, the complex and sometimes elusive interactions among the different network components make it rather difficult to predict the actual effect of a certain parameters setting, so that flexibility can turn into a stumbling block if not deeply understood. In this article, we shed light on such complex interactions for a single-gateway (GW) system by analyzing the effect of some built-in features and configurations, including the GW’s limitations in terms of duty cycle and the number of parallel reception paths, the number of allowed retransmissions for confirmed traffic, and the preconfigured data rate used in downlink transmissions. The simulation-based analysis reveals various tradeoffs and highlights some inefficiencies in the design of the LoRaWAN standard. Furthermore, we show how significant performance gains can be obtained by wisely setting the system parameters, possibly in combination with some novel network management policies (e.g., enabling selective prioritization of downlink transmissions at the GW).
Identification and Characterization of Bacteria Isolated From the Gut of Metal Treated Earthworms

Soil pollution is an important environmental problemassoil is the major sink for a variety of toxicants being released into the environment.Heavy metals released into the environment tend to persistfor a long time, as they do not undergo microbial or chemical degradation.They accumulate throughout the food chain, thus posing a serious threat to the environment, animals and humans.Thus, heavy metal resistance is a general demand of every living cell.
Estimating Homogeneous Data-Driven BRDF Parameters From a Reflectance Map Under Known Natural Lighting

In this article we demonstrate robust estimation of the model parameters of a fully-linear data-driven BRDF model from a reflectance map under known natural lighting. To regularize the estimation of the model parameters, we leverage the reflectance similarities within a material class. We approximate the space of homogeneous BRDFs using a Gaussian mixture model, and assign a material class to each Gaussian in the mixture model. We formulate the estimation of the model parameters as a non-linear maximum a-posteriori optimization, and introduce a linear approximation that estimates a solution per material class from which the best solution is selected. We demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of our method using the MERL BRDF database under a variety of natural lighting conditions, and we provide a proof-of-concept real-world experiment.
On the Optimality of Affine Policies for Budgeted Uncertainty Sets

In this paper, we study the performance of affine policies for a two-stage, adjustable, robust optimization problem with a fixed recourse and an uncertain right-hand side belonging to a budgeted uncertainty set. This is an important class of uncertainty sets, widely used in practice, in which we can specify a budget on the adversarial deviations of the uncertain parameters from the nominal values to adjust the level of conservatism. The two-stage adjustable robust optimization problem is hard to approximate within a factor better than [Formula: see text] even for budget of uncertainty sets in which [Formula: see text] is the number of decision variables. Affine policies, in which the second-stage decisions are constrained to be an affine function of the uncertain parameters provide a tractable approximation for the problem and have been observed to exhibit good empirical performance. We show that affine policies give an [Formula: see text]-approximation for the two-stage, adjustable, robust problem with fixed nonnegative recourse for budgeted uncertainty sets. This matches the hardness of approximation, and therefore, surprisingly, affine policies provide an optimal approximation for the problem (up to a constant factor). We also show strong theoretical performance bounds for affine policy for a significantly more general class of intersection of budgeted sets, including disjoint constrained budgeted sets, permutation invariant sets, and general intersection of budgeted sets. Our analysis relies on showing the existence of a near-optimal, feasible affine policy that satisfies certain nice structural properties. Based on these structural properties, we also present an alternate algorithm to compute a near-optimal affine solution that is significantly faster than computing the optimal affine policy by solving a large linear program.
Task Agnostic Continual Learning via Meta Learning

While neural networks are powerful function approximators, they suffer from catastrophic forgetting when the data distribution is not stationary. One particular formalism that studies learning under non-stationary distribution is provided by continual learning, where the non-stationarity is imposed by a sequence of distinct tasks. Most methods in this space assume, however, the knowledge of task boundaries, and focus on alleviating catastrophic forgetting. In this work, we depart from this view and move the focus towards faster remembering -- i.e measuring how quickly the network recovers performance rather than measuring the network's performance without any adaptation. We argue that in many settings this can be more effective and that it opens the door to combining meta-learning and continual learning techniques, leveraging their complementary advantages. We propose a framework specific for the scenario where no information about task boundaries or task identity is given. It relies on a separation of concerns into what task is being solved and how the task should be solved. This framework is implemented by differentiating task specific parameters from task agnostic parameters, where the latter are optimized in a continual meta learning fashion, without access to multiple tasks at the same time. We showcase this framework in a supervised learning scenario and discuss the implication of the proposed formalism.
Mathematical Model for Computer-Assisted Modification of Medication Dosing Rules

Objective: Medication dosing in pediatrics is complex and prone to errors that may lead to patient harm. To improve computer-assisted dosing, a mathematical model and algorithm were developed to optimize clinical decision support dosing rules and reduce spurious alerts. The objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using this algorithm to adjust dosing rules. Materials and methods: Incorporating historical ordering data, a mathematical model and algorithm were developed to automatically determine optimal dosing rule parameters. The algorithm optimizes the dosing rules by balancing the number of alerts generated for a medication with a minimal length dose interval. In all, 5 candidate medications were tested. An analysis was performed to compare the number of alerts generated by the new model with the current dosing rules. Results: For the 5 medications, the algorithm generated multiple clinically relevant rule possibilities and the rules returned performed as well as current dosing rule or matched historical prescriber behavior. The rules were comparable to or better than the existing system rules in reducing the total alert burden. Discussion: The mathematical model and algorithm are an accurate and scalable solution to adjusting medication dosing rules. They can be implemented to change suboptimal rules more quickly than current manual methods and can be used to help identify and correct poor quality rules. Conclusions: Mathematical modeling using historic prescribing data can generate clinically appropriate electronic dosing rule parameters. This approach represents an automatable and scalable solution that could help reduce alert fatigue and decrease medication dosing errors.
Post-intensive care syndrome: impact, prevention, and management

Millions of people worldwide have survived an admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and the number of survivors is growing [1]. While these patients have survived a life-threatening illness, most survivors suffer important long-term complications [2]. Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a term that describes the cognitive, psychological, physical and other consequences that plague ICU survivors [3, 4]. Our aim is to discuss the prevalence, risk factors, impact, prevention and management of PICS. Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS): inpatient prevention and outpatient recognition are essential http://bit.ly/2GCgz1q
Time Course Changes in Confirmed ‘True’ VO 2 max After Individualized and Standardized Training

Abstract This study sought to examine time course changes in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) confirmed with verification testing following 12 weeks of standardized vs. individualized exercise training. Participants (N=39) were randomly allocated to differing exercise intensity prescription groups: ventilatory threshold (individualized) or % heart rate reserve (standardized). At baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, participants completed maximal exercise testing with a verification protocol to confirm ‘true VO2max. ’ VO2max in the standardized group changed from 24.3±4.6 ml·kg−1·min−1 at baseline to 24.7±4.6, 25.9±4.7, and 26.0±4.2 ml·kg−1·min−1 at week 4, 8, and 12, respectively, with a significant difference (p<0.05) in VO2max at week 8 and 12 compared to baseline. The individualized group had increases in VO2max from online 2 9.5±7.5 ml·kg−1·min−1 at baseline to 30.6±8.4, 31.4±8.4, and 32.8±8.6 ml·kg−1·min−1 at week 4, 8, and 12, respectively. In the individualized group, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in VO2max from baseline to week 8 and 12 and a significant increase in VO2max from week 8 to 1 online 2. Although not statistically significant, our preliminary data demonstrates a more rapid and potent improvement in VO2max when exercise intensity is individualized. This is the first investigation to employ use of the verification procedure to confirm ‘true VO2max’ changes following exercise training using ventilatory thresholds.
The Operational Benefits of Enterprise Resource Planning ( ERP ) : A Case Study on Food Processing and Manufacturing Companies in Jordan

Enterprise resources planning (ERP) systems are very vital tools in today’s world competitive business environment. This research study presents the importance of the operational benefits of enterprise resource planning (ERP) in food processing and manufacturing companies in Jordan. A review of recent research studies on ERP systems in the relevant literature was carried out. The researcher tried to identify the main benefits of ERP systems implementation in cost reduction, production cycling, continuous improvement, data quality improvement and customers’ service improvement. A questionnaire was designed and developed with the help of recent research studies related to ERP implementation, the questionnaires was distributed to officials who occupy managerial positions in those processing and manufacturing companies. The study result revealed that the implementation of ERP helped food-manufacturing companies mostly in reducing the communication cost, meeting cost, delivery cost and traveling cost. It also improves the production process, as well as the stock procurement process, so it reduces production cycling. In addition, ERP leads to restructuring of job functions, reducing of order cancellation, increasing of employee satisfaction, benefiting from continuous improvement, reducing risk of price miscalculation, Improving of data accuracy, thereby improving data quality and improving customer satisfaction by enhancing customer services. The result revealed that many manufacturing companies have enjoyed numerous benefits from the systems having been brought to them, while some others have faced challenges in the implementation of ERP as benefits were not noticed immediately, but can be noticed in the future. The researcher noticed that implementation of ERP is not only successful when designed for large organizations. Smalland mediumsized organization can also have the same benefits from ERP implementation.
Assessing 10-year coronary heart disease risk in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Framingham versus United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study

Aims: Previous studies have suggested that the Framingham coronary heart disease risk prediction equation underestimates risk among people with Type 2 diabetes. We compared the 10-year absolute risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) using a Framingham equation and a United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) equation in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: Participants were from a cross-sectional survey of a randomly selected population. There were 461 people with newly (n = 132) or previously diagnosed (n = 329) diabetes aged 35 to 74 years with no past history of cardiovascular disease or nephropathy. We examined predicted 10-year CHD risk by age, gender, and newly or previously diagnosed diabetes. Results: Overall the mean 10-year CHD risks predicted by the two equations were similar. Among men, the UKPDS and Framingham scores were almost identical below 60 years of age but at older ages, the UKPDS score was 4% - 11% higher than Framingham. For women, the Framingham score was higher than the UKPDS score between ages 40 and 65 years, but the UKPDS score was about 4% - 5% higher for women aged 70 years and over. The UKPDS equation tended to give higher risk estimates in people with a predicted 10-year Framingham CHD risk above 15%. Conclusion: Framingham CHD risk scores tended to be lower than UKPDS scores primarily in people above standard thresholds for drug treatment, so the clinical impact of underestimating risk is likely to be limited. Moreover, the UKPDS equation predicted lower risks than Framingham for women and newly diagnosed diabetes at otherwise low to moderate CHD risk, which could result in later initiation of therapy in these groups if the UKPDS score was used instead of the Framingham score.
Inactivated Vaccine Trial of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Ethiopia

The study and entire laboratory works were conducted from December 2014 to April 2015 in National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. Formaldehyde inactivated Montanide ISA70 based Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) trial vaccine strain was confirmed the identity with known primer using PCR from locally isolates of National Veterinary Institute of Ethiopia. This study was aimed to develop formaldehyde inactivated Montanide ISA70 based MG vaccine in Ethiopia. It can help to device strategies in controlling the disease mainly through developing more effective vaccine which will replace the currently being imported vaccines by some farms. After culturing procedure, oil based inactivated MG trial vaccine was produced in suitable clean and secure accommodation. In this study, among different isolates, local isolate of Samuel farm in NVI was prepared and evaluated in chickens. The amount of immune antigen per 0.5 ml of the dose was 107 Colony forming units (CFU) of the bacteria. The trail vaccine was prepared and evaluated at the age of 16 weeks of chickens; the chickens were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C), each having twenty birds (10 male and 10 female). Each of group B was vaccinated group of imported-live vaccine with 30 μl intraocularly for comparing with inactivated trial vaccine, each bird of group C was inoculated with 0.5 ml indigenous or trial vaccine subcutaneously at mid neck region and group A was used as a control then challenge tests were performed. After challenge test, among non-vaccinated chickens (control or group A) 2 chickens were died (10%), thicken and cloudy appearance of the air sac showed 18 (90%), 2 chickens were not showed thickened and cloudy air sack (10%). Although among vaccinated group (inactivated vaccine or group C), all chickens did not show clinical signs or post mortem changes (100%). From attenuated imported live vaccine (group B), no clinical signs or post mortem changes were observed (100%). It was concluded that oil based MG vaccine induces protective level of anti MG antibodies in chickens.
To determine the prognostic value of the albumin–bilirubin grade (ALBI) in patients underwent transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Aim We aimed at determining the prognostic value of the albumin-bilirubin grade (ALBI) in patients undergoing transarterial Chemoembolization for unresectable Hepatocellular carcinoma. Background Various noninvasive liver reserve markers are used to predict the severity of liver injury. The role and probability of these markers in predicting the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. Methods Patients who underwent TACE from 2013 to 2017 were included. Patient's age, gender, cause of cirrhosis, ALBI Grade along with the site, size and number of tumors were recorded. Radiological response to TACE was assessed by CT scan at 1 and 3 months after the procedure, respectively. Survival assessment was performed and all patients were assessed for survival until the last follow-up. Results A total of 71 patients were included. Majority of them were male (80.3 %). The mean tumor size of 6 ± 3.9 cm. Majority of patients (54.9 %) had a single lesion and it was mostly localized to the right lobe (60.5 %). The most common cause of chronic liver disease was HCV (65.3%). Median Child class score (CTP) and MELD score were 7 and 10, respectively. Ascites was treated prior to TACE in 12 patients (16.9 %). Mean ALBI score in the study population was -1.59 ± 0.69, with the majority (49. 2 %) falling in grade 2. The mean duration of survival at the last follow up was of 12.1 ± 12.14 months (1- 49). Univariate analysis showed serum albumin (p = 0.003), serum bilirubin (p = 0.018), CTP score (p = 0.019), ALBI grade (p = 0.001) and presence of varices (p = 0.04) to be the main predictors of 6 months survival after TACE. On Cox analysis, only ALBI score (p = 0.038) showed statistical significant association. Conclusion ALBI grade may serve as a surrogate marker in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients undergoing Transarterial Chemoembolization.
Wages, Prices, and Living Standards in China, 1738-1925: In Comparison with Europe, Japan, and India

This article develops data on the history of wages and prices in Beijing, Canton, and Suzhou/Shanghai in China from the eighteenth century to the twentieth, and compares them with leading cities in Europe, Japan, and India in terms of nominal wages, the cost of living, and the standard of living. In the eighteenth century, the real income of building workers in Asia was similar to that of workers in the backward parts of Europe but far behind that in the leading economies in north-western Europe. Real wages stagnated in China in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and rose slowly in the late nineteenth and early twentieth, with little cumulative change for 200 years. The income disparities of the early twentieth century were due to long-run stagnation in China combined with industrialization in Japan and Europe.
Universal Service Policy in Vietnam: A Supply – Demand Perspective

Universal service provision is a key to bridge the digital divide. This paper provides an empirical examination of the Vietnamese universal policy introduced in 2015 for implementation up to 2020. Using the framework of King et al. (1994) the paper analyses the universal services policy in Vietnam as well as the policies of broadband development in South Korea and Japan in order to clarify the types of universal service initiatives made in these countries. Furthermore, the paper compares the universal service policy in Vietnam with the broadband development policy in South Korea and in Japan in order to evaluate whether the Vietnamese universal policy is efficient. The paper concludes with a discussion of how an effective universal policy can be designed.
Uncovering strategies of hidden intention in multi-stakeholder initiatives: the case of pasture-raised milk

Sustainability management often requires voluntary initiatives beyond legal regulations. Hereby, multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) gain importance. Despite the actual high occurrence of these initiatives, little information concerning the stakeholders' negotiation behaviour in MSIs exists. In this paper, we analyse a MSI related to the implementation of a sustainability-oriented standard for pasture-raised milk in Germany using participatory research. The results indicate that from an economic point of view not all stakeholders behave in a predictable way. Contrary to the assumption, one dairy involved in the MSI following a cost leadership strategy, pled for a high standard, as did the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved. Because this dairy was unable to fulfil this high standard, this behaviour can be interpreted as a 'prevention strategy'. It can be concluded that the classical assumption of stakeholder behaviour - such as tit-for-tat negotiations between the economic side and NGOs - must be reviewed, revealing strategies of hidden intention.
A Lexicon-Based Supervised Attention Model for Neural Sentiment Analysis

Attention mechanisms have been leveraged for sentiment classification tasks because not all words have the same importance. However, most existing attention models did not take full advantage of sentiment lexicons, which provide rich sentiment information and play a critical role in sentiment analysis. To achieve the above target, in this work, we propose a novel lexicon-based supervised attention model (LBSA), which allows a recurrent neural network to focus on the sentiment content, thus generating sentiment-informative representations. Compared with general attention models, our model has better interpretability and less noise. Experimental results on three large-scale sentiment classification datasets showed that the proposed method outperforms previous methods.