Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase discontinuities underlie increased drowsiness and diminished sleep quality in older humans

Healthy humans switch seamlessly between activity states, wake up and fall asleep with regularity, and cycle through sleep stages necessary for restored homeostasis and memory consolidation each night. This study tested the hypothesis that such smooth behavioral transitions are accompanied by smooth transitions between stable neural states within the brain. A method for detecting phase discontinuities across a broad range of frequencies was created to quantify phase disruptions in the Fp-Cz EEG channel from 20 annotated sleep files in the Physionet.org database. Phase discontinuities decreased with increasingly deep sleep, and increased phase discontinuity was associated with increased drowsiness, reduced deep sleep, and shorter REM sleep. A 10s phase discontinuity summary measure (the phase jump indicator) closely tracked the annotated sleep stages and enabled discrimination between short (< 10 min) and longer REM periods. Overall phase discontinuity correlated inversely with broadband EEG signal power, suggesting that reduced spurious signaling may facilitate increased synchronization. However, the correlation between phase discontinuity and power varied with age and sleep stage. A comparison of older and younger subjects revealed that, on average, older individuals had reduced sleep quality that coincided with reduced EEG power, overall increased phase discontinuity, and less stage-dependent variation in the power vs. phase discontinuity correlation. Notably, in older patients the negative slope of the power vs. phase discontinuity correlation was shallower during slow wave sleep, and the power vs. phase discontinuity correlation shifted to positive during drowsiness. These results provide evidence that phase discontinuity measures extend current capabilities for assessing sleep. Significance statement Evidence continues to accrue regarding the positive relationship between healthy sleep and brain function. Recent studies also show that more healthful sleep can be induced with timely application of non-invasive therapies. Accordingly, the ability to accurately assess sleep quality in real-time has become increasingly important. Here, a newly defined measure, referred to as phase discontinuity, enabled rapid identification of unhealthful neural patterns associated with increased drowsiness, reduced deep sleep, and early termination of REM sleep. Moreover, the measure was linked to underlying neuronal and circuit properties known to impact sleep quality. Thus, the phase discontinuity measure defined in this study provides new insight into sleep pathology and has potential implications for closed-loop therapeutic intervention.
A MODEL-FREE TIME SERIES SEGMENTATION APPROACH FOR LAND COVER CHANGE DETECTION

Ecosystem-related observations from remote sensors on satellites oer signicant pos- sibility for understanding the location and extent of global land cover change. In this paper, we focus on time series segmentation techniques in the context of land cover change detection. We pro- pose a model-based time series segmentation algorithm inspired by an event detection framework proposed in the eld of statistics. We also present a novel model-free change detection algorithm for detecting land cover change that is computationally simple, ecient, non-parametric and takes into account the inherent variability present in the remote sensing data. A key advantage of this method is that it can be applied globally for a variety of vegetation without having to identify the right model for specic vegetation types. We evaluate the change detection capacity of the proposed techniques on both synthetic and MODIS EVI data sets. We illustrate the importance and relative ability of dierent algorithms to account for the natural variation in the EVI data set.
Longitudinal Analysis and Coping Model of User Adaptation

ABSTRACT Understanding how technology influences how individuals, groups, and organizations work continues to be an important organizational communication and technology process. Changes to healthcare technology continue to be advocated in order to increase both efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare. Influences on the successful implementation range from organization to group to individual attitudes. Prior research in healthcare and technology has called for longitudinal study of implementations. This study focuses on one influencer, the individual coping strategies, by using the coping model user adaptation applied to a two-year study of implementation of a new electronic health record in a medium-sized physician group. Results indicate that attitudes and coping strategies vary between clinicians and staff and vary across time.
Rheological and microstructural properties of wheat dough supplemented with Flammulina velutipes (mushroom) powder and soluble polysaccharides

ABSTRACT Partial substitution of wheat flour with Flammulina velutipes powder (FVP) or soluble polysaccharide (SPFV) at different addition levels, and the effects of which on the rheological and microstructural properties of dough were investigated. FVP significantly (P < 0.05) increased the water absorption but decreased the development time and stability of dough significantly (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it was capable of providing a weaker extension and harder dough with the increasing of FVP addition levels. FVP increased the storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli, while the tan δ decreased with the increasing of FVP addition levels. However, SPFV addition had inconsistent viscoelastic results with that of FVP addition. The microstructure of dough showed that the continuity of gluten networks had been disrupted by FVP and SPFV at a higher addition level. This research could provide a foundation for the application of FVP in wheat-flour foods, and FVP addition levels of 2.5% to 5.0% are recommended.
Pre-Recommendation Clustering and Review Based Approach for Collaborative Filtering Based Movie Recommendation

The recommendation is playing an essential part in our lives. Precise recommendations facilitate users to swiftly locate desirable items without being inundated by irrelevant informat ion. In the last few years, the amount of customers, products and online informat ion has raised speedily and results out into the huge data analysis problem for recommender systems. While handling and evaluating such large-scale data, usual service recommender systems regularly undergo scalability and inefficiency problems. Nowadays, in multimedia platform such as movie, music, games, the use of Recommender System is increased. Collaborative Filtering is a dominant filtering technique used by many RSs. CF utilizes the rating history of the user to find out “like minded” users and this set of like -minded user is then used to recommend the movies which are liked by these like-minded users but did not watch by the active user. Thus, in CF, to find out the “neighborhood” the rating history of a user is used, but the reason behind the rating is not considered at all. This will lead to inaccuracy in finding a neighborhood set and subsequently in recommendation also. To cope with these scalability and accuracy challenges, this paper proposes an innovative solution, Clustering and Review based Approach for Collaborative Filtering based Recommendation. This innovative approach is enacted with the two stages; in the first stage the clustering of the available movies for recommendation is clustered into the subclasses for further computation. In the succeeding stage, the methodology based on reviews is utilized for finding neighborhood set in User Based Collaborative Filtering.
From Toys to Games: Overcoming the View of Natural Selection as a Filter

The conceptualization of natural selection by Elliott Sober has had an enormous influence on both philosophers of biology and professional biologists. He addresses, in his work The Nature of Selection, the issues of how to understand and explain natural selection. This position has become known as the ‘Negative View’. It maintains that natural selection is a negative force or cause which works as a filter by eliminating those individuals with less fit traits and leaving the rest intact. From this view, natural selection has only a distributive role: the existence of population variation is assumed and selection only changes traits frequencies in it. In this case, Sober follows a long-standing tradition that dates back to
A large single-participant fMRI dataset for probing brain responses to naturalistic stimuli in space and time

Visual and auditory representations in the human brain have been studied with encoding, decoding and reconstruction models. Representations from convolutional neural networks have been used as explanatory models for these stimulus-induced hierarchical brain activations. However, none of the fMRI datasets currently available has adequate amounts of data for sufficiently sampling their representations. We recorded a densely sampled large fMRI dataset (TR=700 ms) in a single individual exposed to spatiotemporal visual and auditory naturalistic stimuli (30 episodes of BBC’s Doctor Who). The data consists of 120.830 whole-brain volumes (approx. 23 h) of single-presentation data (full episodes, training set) and 1.178 volumes (11 min) of repeated narrative short episodes (test set, 22 repetitions), recorded with fixation over a period of six months. This rich dataset can be used widely to study the way the brain represents audiovisual input across its sensory hierarchies.
Cicadamides A and B, N-Acetyldopamine Dimers From the Insect Periostracum cicadae

Two new N-acetyldopamine dimers, cicadamides A (1) and B (2), and 8 known compounds were isolated from the medicinal insect Periostracum cicadae. Their structures including absolute configurations were assigned by spectroscopic and computational methods. Biological activities of compounds 1, (+)-2, and (–)-2 toward human cancer cells BGC-823, HepG2, and A549 were evaluated.
A high resolution head-related transfer function database including different orientations of head above the torso

Fabian Brinkmann, Alexander Lindau, Stefan Weinzierl, Gunnar Geissler, Steven van de Par 1 Audio Communication Group, TU Berlin, Einsteinufer 17c, D-10587 Berlin, Germany Email: {fabian.brinkmann, alexander.lindau, stefan.weinzierl}@tu-berlin.de 2 Acoustics Group, University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzkystr. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany Email: {gunnar.geissler, steven.van. de.par}@uni-oldenburg.de
Isolation, sequencing, and characterization of four transmissible antibiotic resistance plasmids captured from bacteria in stream sediments

Self-transmissible plasmids are key vectors in the transfer of resistance, catabolic, and other genes among bacteria native to environments such as streams and wetlands. The evolution of antibiotic resistance in particular is known to be powerfully affected by conjugative plasmid transfer due to the ease in which some plasmids can be horizontally transferred into a broad range of host bacteria and their ability to exchange mobile genetic elements that often contain antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, we captured tetracycline resistance plasmids from stream sediments impacted by agricultural runoff. We selected for resistance plasmids using tetracycline, an antibiotic commonly used in agricultural operations, due to the numerous neighboring cattle pastures and poultry farms. We hypothesized that stream sediment is a “hot spot” for horizontal gene transfer due to the use of antibiotics in agricultural operations combined with runoff into streams. Selective pressures exerted on gut and fecal bacteria of farm animals may select for antibiotic resistance genes that can be horizontally transferred to native stream sediment bacteria when runoff events occur. We characterized four transmissible, tetracycline resistance plasmids: the 71 kb IncP-1β plasmid pEG1-06, the 121 kb IncA/C2 plasmid pCCRT11-6, and the 59 kb IncP9 plasmids pCCP1 and pCCP2. We built upon and improved the methods developed for the preparation of plasmid DNA for sequencing using 2 nd and 3 rd generation DNA sequencers, hybrid genome assembly, annotation, and analysis. We demonstrated this process by assembling the four plasmid genomes into single, circular contiguous sequences and compared them to the closest related plasmids allowing us to classify their
Hurdles in the implementation of compressive sensing for imaging and ways to overcome them

The theory of compressive sensing (CS) has opened up new opportunities in the field of imaging. However, its implementation in this field is often not straight-forward and the optical imaging system engineer encounters several hurdles on the way of compressive imaging (CI) realization. The principles of CI design may differ drastically from the principles used for conventional imaging. Analytical tools developed for conventional imaging may not be optimal for compressive imaging. Nor are the conventional imaging components. Therefore often the CI designer needs to develop new tools, and imaging schemes. In this paper we overview the main challenges that might arise in the design of compressive imaging systems. The challenges are demonstrated through four tasks and systems: compressive two dimensional (2D) imager, compressive motion detection, compressive spectral imaging and compressive holography.
Characterization of a recombinant β-xylosidase of GH43 family from Bacteroides ovatus strain ATCC 8483

Abstract A novel β-1,4-xylosidase was identified from the genome of Bacteroides ovatus strain ATCC 8483 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The molecular weight of recombinant enzyme named BoXyl43A was calculated to be 37.1 kDa. Using p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (pNPβXyl) as substrate, BoXyl43A was most active at pH 7.0 and 35 °C. The enzyme could be activated by Mg2+ and Mn2+. The Km and Vmax of BoXyl43A against pNPβXyl were 1.71 ± 0.21 mM, 7.41 ± 0.81 μmol/min/mg, respectively. BoXyl43A hydrolyzed xylooligosaccharide to produce D-xylose as main product, indicating that BoXyl43A acted as an exo-β-1,4-xylosidase. The mixture of BoXyl43A and PoAbf62A (α-L-arabinofuranosidase) exhibited significant synergistic effects on the degradation of arabinoxylan. Therefore, BoXyl43A would be a useful tool to degrade hemicellulose.
Histone methyltransferase MMSET/NSD2 is essential for generation of B1 cell compartment in mice

Humoral immunity in mice and man relies on the function of two developmentally and functionally distinct B cell subsets - B1 and B2 cells. While B2 cells are responsible for most of the adaptive response to environmental antigens, B1 cells, which are comprised of phenotypically distinct B1a and B1b cells, are carriers of the innate humoral immunity that relies on production of poly-reactive and low affinity antibodies. The molecular mechanism of B cell specification into different subsets is not well established. Here we identified lysine methyltransferase MMSET/NSD2 as a critical regulator of the B1 cell population. We show that NSD2 deficiency in B cell precursors prevents generation of the B1 cell compartment, while having a minor impact on B2 cells. Our data revealed MMSET/NSD2, which catalyzes histone H3 lysine 36 di-methylation, as the first in class epigenetic master regulator of a major B cell lineage in mice.
Temporal and spatial limitations in global surveillance for bat filoviruses and henipaviruses

Sampling reservoir hosts over time and space is critical to detect epizootics, predict spillover, and design interventions. However, because sampling is logistically difficult and expensive, researchers rarely perform spatiotemporal sampling of many reservoir hosts. Bats are reservoirs of many virulent zoonotic pathogens such as filoviruses and henipaviruses, yet the highly mobile nature of these animals has limited optimal sampling of bat populations. To quantify the frequency of temporal sampling and to characterize the geographic scope of bat virus research, we here collated data on filovirus and henipavirus prevalence and seroprevalence in wild bats. We used a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis to next assess temporal and spatial variation in bat virus detection estimates. Our analysis shows that only one in four bat virus studies report data longitudinally, that sampling efforts cluster geographically (e.g., filovirus data are available across much of Africa and Asia but are absent from Latin America and Oceania), and that sampling designs and reporting practices may affect some viral detection estimates (e.g., filovirus seroprevalence). Within the limited number of longitudinal bat virus studies, we observed high heterogeneity in viral detection estimates that in turn reflected both spatial and temporal variation. This suggests that spatiotemporal sampling designs are essential to understand how zoonotic viruses are maintained and spread within and across wild bat populations, which in turn could help predict and preempt risks of zoonotic viral spillover.
Handbook of Multimedia Information Retrieval

Multimedia information retrieval: That is the desire to make computers see, hear and understand like humans do. Is it possible to give perception to machines, to make them understand facial expressions, hummed melodies, stock charts and ECG curves? If yes, the computer would become an even more valuable companion in business and private life. Think of the possibilities in, for example, healthcare, home security, online customer support or market analysis. This book explains what is possible in multimedia information retrieval today and what is not. We introduce the basic concepts, explain why the first step is always summarization and the second classification, which is essentially applying human understanding of some context on the summary. We group and discuss the various methods that have been proposed for the summarization of audio, visual and other media information. In classification, we build on today's psychological understanding of human cognition. Successfully, we transfer concepts of human similarity perception on machine classification. We cluster machine learning methods by their approach, model and process. On top of that, we link back from the state of the art methods of multimedia information retrieval to human cognition: We propose artificial neural structures for the building blocks of media summarization and classification. The result is a balanced introduction into the field that starts from graduate IT knowledge and ends at the current frontiers of multimedia research.
Downregulated miR-302d-3p promotes chondrocyte proliferation and migration by regulation of Unc-51-like kinase 1

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal disease and is related to the function of chondrocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of miR-302d-3p on chondrocytes. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was conducted to detect mRNA expression, while western blotting was performed to investigate protein expression in these cells. RNAs mimics, inhibitors and small interfering (si)RNAs were respectively transfected into chondrocytes (CHON-001 cell line), after which, a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to detect chondrocyte viability. Giemsa staining of the cells was also conducted to analyze the colony formation ability of the cells. Additionally, cell apoptosis was evaluated with an apoptosis detection kit using flow cytometry. A scratch-wound assay was conducted to investigate cell migration. Bioinformatics analysis using TargetScan 7.2 revealed the potential the target gene of microRNA (miR)-302d-3p; a dual luciferase reporter assay determined the target gene. Suppression of miR-302d-3p increased the viability of cells, cell colony number and migration; CHON-001 cell apoptosis was also inhibited. miR-302d-3p mimics decreased the luciferase activity of reporter plasmids containing the wild-type 3′-untranslated region of Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1). siULK1 decreased CHON-001 cell viability and migration. Furthermore, siULK1 promoted the expression of phosphorylated IκBα and p65, while miR-302d-3p inhibitor suppressed the expression of phosphorylated IκBα and p65. Inhibition of miR-302d-3p could promote the proliferation and migration, and inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocytes, potentially by upregulating ULK1; thus, inflammation may be suppressed. The findings of the present study suggest miR-302d-3p and ULK1 as potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of OA.
Self-adapting parallel metric-space search engine for variable query loads

This research focuses on automatically adapting a search engine size in response to fluctuations in query workload. Deploying a search engine in an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud facilitates allocating or deallocating computer resources to or from the engine. Our solution is to contribute an adaptive search engine that will repeatedly re-evaluate its load and, when appropriate, switch over to a dierent number of active processors. We focus on three aspects and break them out into three sub-problems as follows: Continually determining the Number of Processors (CNP), New Grouping Problem (NGP) and Regrouping Order Problem (ROP). CNP means that (in the light of the changes in the query workload in the search engine) there is a problem of determining the ideal number of processors p active at any given time to use in the search engine and we call this problem CNP. NGP happens when changes in the number of processors are determined and it must also be determined which groups of search data will be distributed across the processors. ROP is how to redistribute this data onto processors while keeping the engine responsive and while also minimising the switchover time and the incurred network load. We propose solutions for these sub-problems. For NGP we propose an algorithm for incrementally adjusting the index to t the varying number of virtual machines. For ROP we present an ecient method for redistributing data among processors while keeping the search engine responsive. Regarding the solution for CNP, we propose an algorithm determining the new size of the search engine by re-evaluating its load. We tested the solution performance using a custom-build prototype search engine deployed in the Amazon EC2 cloud. Our experiments show that when we compare our NGP solution with computing the index from scratch, the incremental algorithm speeds up the index computation 2{10 times while maintaining a similar search performance. The chosen redistribution method is 25% to 50% faster than other methods and reduces the network load around by 30%. For CNP we present a deterministic algorithm that shows a good ability to determine a new size of search engine. When combined, these algorithms give an adapting algorithm that is able to adjust the search engine size with a variable workload.
ALRATIO - R script for the analysis of relation between the effective and the detected number of alleles

It is widely accepted that understanding the heterogeneity of a population is important in assessment of the vulnerability of a conservation unit (Frankham et al., 2002). Standard measures such as estimation of heterozygosity, deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, effective population size, inbreeding coefficients are widely used. Minor, but very important elements of these measures are allelic diversity, effective number of alleles and allelic richness which characterize the extent of genetic diversity. Allelic diversity (An) represents an average number of alleles per locus determined by direct count. When more than one locus is considered, it is calculated as a number of alleles averaged over loci expressed as k/l where k is the total number of alleles determined at all the observed loci and l is the number of loci (Frankham et al., 2002). The effective number of alleles (Ae) is a measure that shows the number of alleles required to ensure the same level of heterozygosity under the assumption of balanced allele frequency and low influence of rare alleles. It is expressed as 1/Σpi 2