Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inducible Prrxl1‐CreERT2 recombination activity in the somatosensory afferent pathway

Prrxl1‐CreERT2 transgenic mice expressing tamoxifen‐inducible Cre recombinase were generated by modifying a Prrxl1‐containing BAC clone. Cre recombination activity was examined in Prrxl1‐CreERT2; Rosa26 reporter mice at various embryonic and postnatal stages. Pregnant mice were treated with a single dose of tamoxifen at embryonic day (E) 9.5 or E12.5, and X‐gal staining was performed 2 days later. Strong X‐gal staining was observed in the somatosensory ganglia (e.g., dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia) and the first central sites for processing somatosensory information (e.g., spinal dorsal horn and trigeminal nerve‐associated nuclei). When tamoxifen was administered at postnatal day (P) 20 or in adulthood (P120), strong Cre recombination activity was present in the primary somatosensory ganglia, while weak Cre recombination activity was found in the spinal dorsal horn, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, and spinal trigeminal nucleus. This mouse line provides a useful tool for exploring genes' functions in the somatosensory system in a time‐controlled way. genesis 50:552–560, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MOS-junction-based nanostructures by thermal oxidation of silicon wires for hydrogen detection

Heavily p-doped monocrystalline silicon wires have been fabricated by employing isotropic Si wet etch and thermal oxidation to achieve a nanometric cross section-a gate-oxide growth and a final palladium evaporation made up the MOS junction able to detect hydrogen concentration in air. Several types of wire dimensions have been designed and fabricated: length ranges from 5 to 70 /spl mu/m; the smallest widths obtained are around 250-300 nm, while the biggest are up to 7 /spl mu/m. Preliminary experimental results show a high signal/noise ratio sensor response to 100 ppm concentration of H/sub 2/ at room temperature, 1-atm air.
Antimicrobial Activity of New Coumarin Derivatives

Summary A preliminary exploration of coumarin analogs as novel antimicrobial agents was carried out to determine the basic features of the structure responsible for the observed biological activity. The substituents ester or carboxylic acid on the coumarin ring were needed to have potent inhibitory activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The presence of phenolic hydroxyl group and/or carboxylic acid was necessary to possess higher activity against Helicobacter pylori.
Generalized ordinal notation

This paper* is a contribution to the theory of ordinal notation, and it should be accessible to those familiar with references [4], [5], and [δ]. For a textbook reference, see §§11.7 and 11.8 of [7]. For standard results and notation of recursive function theory, we generally follow [7]. "System" always means ordinal notation system, and "number" means nonnegative integer. The purpose of this paper is to explore a broad class of systems that generalize Kieene's notion of r-system. In a background section, following notation and terminology, we describe some prominent results from ordinal notation theory. Then in section 1 we review some facts about r-systems and describe the generalized systems. Since the mathematical notation can easily become forbidding in such investigations, we have adopted a simplified notation that is often dependent upon context for its full meaning. Section 2 pursues the study of three particular systems that are noteworthy for their resemblence to Kleene's Su including (in section 3) a maximality property. In section 4 we identify the segment of ordinals for which these systems provide notations. Since the systems are maximal for only a proper sub-class of the generalized systems, we turn our attention in section 5 to a result about the remaining generalized systems: as a class, they admit no maximal system.
Comparison of objective Bayes factors for variable selection in parametric regression models for survival analysis

This paper considers the problem of selecting a set of regressors when the response variable is distributed according to a specified parametric model and observations are censored. Under a Bayesian perspective, the most widely used tools are Bayes factors (BFs), which are undefined when improper priors are used. In order to overcome this issue, fractional (FBF) and intrinsic (IBF) BFs have become common tools for model selection. Both depend on the size, Nt, of a minimal training sample (MTS), while the IBF also depends on the specific MTS used. In the case of regression with censored data, the definition of an MTS is problematic because only uncensored data allow to turn the improper prior into a proper posterior and also because full exploration of the space of the MTSs, which includes also censored observations, is needed to avoid bias in model selection. To address this concern, a sequential MTS was proposed, but it has the drawback of an increase of the number of possible MTSs as Nt becomes random. For this reason, we explore the behaviour of the FBF, contextualizing its definition to censored data. We show that these are consistent, providing also the corresponding fractional prior. Finally, a large simulation study and an application to real data are used to compare IBF, FBF and the well‐known Bayesian information criterion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TAZ as a novel enhancer of MyoD‐mediated myogenic differentiation

Myoblast differentiation is indispensable for skeletal muscle formation and is governed by the precisely coordinated regulation of a series of transcription factors, including MyoD and myogenin, and transcriptional coregulators. TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif) has been characterized as a modulator of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes through its regulation of lineage‐specific master transcription factors. In this study, we investigated whether TAZ affects myoblast differentiation, which is one of the differentiated lineages of mesenchymal stem cells. Ectopic overexpression of TAZ in myoblasts increases myogenic gene expression in a MyoD‐dependent manner and hastens myofiber formation, whereas TAZ knockdown delays myogenic differentiation. In addition, enforced coexpression of TAZ and MyoD in fibroblasts accelerates MyoD‐induced myogenic differentiation. TAZ physically interacts with MyoD through the WW domain and activates MyoD‐dependent gene transcription. TAZ additionally enhances the interaction of MyoD with the myogenin gene promoter. These results strongly suggest that TAZ functions as a novel transcriptional modulator of myogenic differentiation by promoting MyoD‐mediated myogenic gene expression. —Jeong, H. , Bae, S. , An, S. Y. , Byun, M. R. , Hwang, J.‐H. , Yaffe, M. B. , Hong, J.‐H. , Hwang, E. S. TAZ as a novel enhancer of MyoD‐mediated myogenic differentiation. FASEB J. 24, 3310–3320 (2010). www.fasebj. org
CASPOFUNGIN IN THE TREATMENT OF OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS

A patient with AIDS developed oropharyngeal candidiasis. Candida albicans and C. glabrata were isolated from the patient and found to be resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole in vitro. Voriconazole therapy was initiated, but discontinued when the C. albicans strain isolated from the patient was found to be resistant to it. The patient failed to respond to subsequent therapy with a combination of amphotericin B and 5‐flucytosine. Therapy with caspofungin was then initiated (70 mg loading dose, followed by 50 mg/day). The patient responded favourably to caspofungin, with complete resolution of signs and symptoms.
Poly(dA).poly(dT) rich sequences are not sufficient to exclude nucleosome formation in a constitutive yeast promoter.

It was suggested that poly(dA). poly(dT) rich sequences in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae act as elements of constitutive promoters by exclusion of nucleosomes (Struhl, K. (1985). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 8419-8423). We have mapped the chromatin structure of the pet56-his3-ded1 region in minichromosomes and show that the poly(dA). poly(dT) sequences are located in nuclease sensitive regions. DNA fragments from the nuclease sensitive promoter region of DED1 were used for nucleosome reconstitution in vitro. We show that all sequences can form nucleosome cores and that the poly(dA). poly(dT) sequence can be incorporated in nucleosome cores. The results suggest that the nuclease sensitivity found in vivo is not established by poly(dA). poly(dT) mediated exclusion of nucleosomes.
Dynamical Aspects of an Equilateral Restricted Four-Body Problem

The spatial equilateral restricted four-body problem (ERFBP) is a four body problem where a mass point of negligible mass is moving under the Newtonian gravitational attraction of three positive masses (called the primaries) which move on circular periodic orbits around their center of mass fixed at the origin of the coordinate system such that their configuration is always an equilateral triangle. Since fourth mass is small, it does not affect the motion of the three primaries. In our model we assume that the two masses of the primaries and are equal to and the mass is . The Hamiltonian function that governs the motion of the fourth mass is derived and it has three degrees of freedom depending periodically on time. Using a synodical system, we fixed the primaries in order to eliminate the time dependence. Similarly to the circular restricted three-body problem, we obtain a first integral of motion. With the help of the Hamiltonian structure, we characterize the region of the possible motions and the surface of fixed level in the spatial as well as in the planar case. Among other things, we verify that the number of equilibrium solutions depends upon the masses, also we show the existence of periodic solutions by different methods in the planar case.
Implementation of a practical query-by-singing/humming (QbSH) system and its commercial applications

This paper proposes a practical query-by-singing/humming (QbSH) system that retrieves polyphonic music such as an MP3 and its commercial applications. The performance of music retrieval system is mainly affected by the server. This paper discusses developing the state-of-the-art server side software stack which has several managers and plug-in engines. It also describes implementation of digital signal processor (DSP) module for stand-alone embedded platforms. The paper shows three different models for its commercial applications like smart phone, laptop and karaoke. We evaluate the performance of the proposed system with polyphonic music datasets using users' humming datasets as the input query.
nuated Genetic Testing for FAP and Lynch Syndrome ( 20408 ) ( Formerly Genetic Testing for Lynch Syndrome and Other Inherited Colon Cancer Syndromes ) Medical Benefit

The following Protocol contains medical necessity criteria that apply for this service. The criteria are also applicable to services provided in the local Medicare Advantage operating area for those members, unless separate Medicare Advantage criteria are indicated. If the criteria are not met, reimbursement will be denied and the patient cannot be billed. Please note that payment for covered services is subject to eligibility and the limitations noted in the patient’s contract at the time the services are rendered.
Effect of green manure amendment on herbicide pendimethalin on soil

ABSTRACT Manure amendment in agricultural practice can have a large effect on herbicide dissipation because the period of manure plowing is close to the period of herbicide application. In addition, manure amendment is among the frequently encountered options in ameliorating pesticide pollution. In this research, the dissipation of the herbicide pendimethalin was examined after amendment with two common green manures, Lupinus luteus (L) or Cosmos bipinnatus (C), for 110 days in pH 5.2 and 7.7 soils (Sankengtzu [Sk] and Erhlin [Eh] soil, respectively). The microbial activity and ecology changes were examined by using Biolog EcoPlate and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). In Sk soil, the half-lives of pendimethalin with L, C, and blank treatment were 49.0, 54.9, and 62.2 days, respectively, whereas that in Eh soil they were 46.3, 52.6, and 34.8 days, respectively. Pendimethalin dissipated quickly in more neutral soil (Eh soil), but the addition of manure can only increase the dissipation rate in acidic soil (Sk soil), indicating that the amendment of manures exerted different effect in pendimethalin dissipation rates in different pH soils. The application of pendimethalin and/or manure altered the microbial community activity after 24 h of incubation. After 110 days, the microbial community activities in green manure–amended soil were more similar to that with blank than pendimethalin treatment in both types of soils. In comparison with treatment C, microbial communities were more similar between treatment L and blank, indicating the superior effect over pendimethalin on microbial communities when applying Lupinus luteus. The research showed that the application of herbicide pendimethalin changed soil microbial community, and the amendment of manures exerted different effect in pendimethalin dissipation rates in different pH soils. It is assumed that the change in dissipation rates was originated from the microbial community change after different manure amendment.
Interpolation based on similarity in subband generation for image super resolution

A super resolution system aims at producing artifact and noise free higher resolution images from lower resolution ones, with interpolation being its pivotal part. While generating a higher resolution image, the interpolation phases in most super resolution techniques introduce different artifacts such as blurring and ringing. In this paper, we propose a technique where the interpolation is performed through estimation of high frequency components by optimally exploiting the across-scale similarity in the process of wavelet decomposition of the input image. The decompositions considered are obtained by suitably fusing outputs of discrete (DWT) and stationary wavelet transforms (SWT). The result shows that our approach is considerably faster than the state-of-the art. Qualitative analyses reveal that it not only avoids artifacts but also makes edges and finer details prominent. In terms of PSNR and SSIM, the proposed approach is found to provide performance near to the best in significantly less computational time.
A Semi-Supervised Approach for Kernel-Based Temporal Clustering

Temporal clustering refers to the partitioning of a time series into multiple nonoverlapping segments that belong to k temporal clusters, in such a way that segments in the same cluster are more similar to each other than to those in other clusters. Temporal clustering is a fundamental task in many fields, such as computer animation, computer vision, health care, and robotics. The applications of temporal clustering in those areas are diverse, and include human-motion imitation and recognition, emotion analysis, human activity segmentation, automated rehabilitation exercise analysis, and human-computer interaction. However, temporal clustering using a completely unsupervised method may not produce satisfactory results. Similar to regular clustering, temporal clustering also benefits from some expert knowledge that may be available. The type of approach that utilizes a small amount of knowledge to “guide” the clustering process is known as “semi-supervised clustering. ” Semi-supervised temporal clustering is a strategy in which extra knowledge, in the form of pairwise constraints, is incorporated into the temporal data to help with the partitioning problem. This thesis proposes a process to adapt and transform two kernel-based methods into semi-supervised temporal clustering methods. The proposed process is exclusive to kernel-based clustering methods, and is based on two concepts. First, it uses the idea of instance-level constraints, in the form of must-link and cannot-link, to supervise the clustering methods. Second, it uses a dynamic-programming method to search for the optimal temporal clusters. The proposed process is applied to two algorithms, aligned cluster analysis (ACA) and spectral clustering. To validate the advantages of the proposed temporal semi-supervised clustering methods, a comparative analysis was performed, using the original versions of the algorithm and another semi-supervised temporal cluster. This evaluation was conducted with both synthetic data and two real-world applications. The first application includes two naturalistic audio-visual human emotion datasets, and the second application focuses on human-motion segmentation. Results show substantial improvements in accuracy, with minimal supervision, compared to unsupervised and other temporal semi-supervised approaches, without compromising time performance.
Robust segmentation for automatic detection of mura patterns

We propose a simple, straightforward, and efficient method to segment the mura patterns from an input image. Since mura patterns are locally non-uniform variations and the input images are low-contrast ones, the proposed method is prepared against both global and local high-frequency components. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated on real LCD images.
GhJAZ2 negatively regulates cotton fiber initiation by interacting with the R2R3-MYB transcription factor GhMYB25-like.

Jasmonic acid (JA) signaling has been well studied in Arabidopsis. Most reports focus on the role of JA in biological pathways, such as stress resistance, trichome initiation and anthocyanin accumulation. The JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) protein is one of the important repressors in the JA signaling pathway. Previous studies showed that JA functions in fiber initiation and elongation, but little is known about how JAZ genes function in fiber development. In this study, a cotton JAZ protein (GhJAZ2) containing a highly conserved TIFY motif and a C-terminal Jas domain was identified, and its function during cotton fiber development was analysed. Gene expression analysis showed that GhJAZ2 was preferentially expressed in the root, hypocotyl, flower and ovule 1 day before anthesis. Overexpression of GhJAZ2 inhibited both lint and fuzz fiber initiation, and reduced the fiber length. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that GhJAZ2 interacted with the R2R3-MYB transcription factors GhMYB25-like and GhGL1, the bHLH transcription factor GhMYC2, the WD repeat protein GhWD40 and the unknown protein GhJI1. Among these transcription factors, previous studies showed that downregulation of GhMYB25-like leads to a fiberless phenotype in cotton seeds. Molecular and genetic evidence showed that the GhJAZ2 protein suppresses fiber initiation in the overexpressing lines by interacting with GhMYB25-like and suppressing GhMYB25-like activity. Our results suggested that GhJAZ2 functions as a primary transcription repressor during lint and fuzz fiber initiation by interacting with GhMYB25-like, GhGL1, GhMYC2, GhWD40 and GhJI1 to regulate the JA signaling pathway.
Estimates and relationships between aboveground and belowground resource exchange surface areas in a Sitka spruce managed forest.

Our knowledge of the nature of belowground competition for moisture and nutrients is limited. In this study, we used an earth impedance method to determine the root absorbing area of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. ) trees, making measurements in stands of differing density (2-, 4- and 6-m inter-tree spacing). We compared absorbing root area index (RAI(absorbing); based on the impedance measure) with fine root area index (RAI(fine); based on estimates of total surface area of fine roots) and related these results to investment in conductive roots. Root absorbing area was a near-linear function of tree stem diameter at 1.3 m height. At the stand level, RAI(absorbing), which is analogous to and scaled with transpiring leaf area index (maximum stomatal pore area per unit ground area; LAI(transpiring)), increased proportionally with basal area across the three stands. In contrast, RAI(fine) was inversely propotional to basal area. The ratio of RAI(absorbing) to LAI(transpiring) ranged from 7.7 to 17.1, giving an estimate of the relative aboveground versus belowground resource exchange areas. RAI(absorbing) provides a way of characterizing ecosystem functioning as a physiologically meaningful index of belowground absorbing area.
Identification of Angiotensin IV Binding Sites in the Mouse Brain by a Fluorescent Binding Study

In the brain the renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the regulation of the cardiovascular system as well as of regulation of reproductive hormones, water balance and behavior. Angiotensin II (Ang II) binds to two distinct receptors called AT1 and AT2. Recently a binding site has been discovered which selectively binds a fragment of Ang II. This biologically active Ang II 3–8 fragment is referred to as angiotensin IV (Ang IV) and has been reported to participate in memory acquisition and recall as well as in the regulation of blood flow, neurite outgrowth, angiogenesis and kidney function. The distribution of binding sites for Ang IV within the mouse brain is unknown. Using a nonradioactive binding assay with a fluorescence-coupled Ang IV, we were able to demonstrate specific Ang IV binding sites in the forebrain of mice, in particular in the cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, the thalamus and the hypothalamus.
Knowledge, prevalence and psychological effect of miscarriage among women of reproductive age group attending obstetrics and gynaecology clinics of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To determine the knowledge, prevalence and psychological effect of miscarriage among women of reproductive age attending the obstetrics and gynaecology clinics of a tertiary healthcare facility in Lagos Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design was a descriptive cross sectional study and 300 respondents were enrolled. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL) authored by M. Zukerman and B. Lubin (1965) were used for data collection. Responses of the respondents on the knowledge of various aspects of miscarriage was scored and graded as good (e"50%) and poor (^ <50%). The study was carried out in February 2011. RESULTS Response rate was 97%. Only 0.7% of the respondents were not aware of miscarriage. A total of 214(73.5%) of the respondents had good knowledge of miscarriage and the mean knowledge score (%) was 60.4 ± 22.1. Most common myth about the cause of miscarriage among the respondents was eating of snail (63.2%). About 49% of respondents who had ever been pregnant have had miscarriage. Approximately 1 in 3.7 pregnancies was miscarried. The level of emotional distress in terms of anxiety, depression and hostility is significantly higher in women who have had miscarriage than their counterparts who had not. CONCLUSION Level of knowledge of miscarriage was high though some miscarriage myths exist among the respondents. Approximately 1 in 3.7 pregnancies was miscarried. Miscarriage had negative psychological effect on women.
Second-order PMD outage of first-order compensated fiber systems

Differential dispersion elements can model polarization-mode dispersion characteristics of fibers compensated to first order. We use these in a two-step method to calculate outage probabilities for compensated systems. In this approach, the dominant second-order penalty characteristics equal those of chromatic dispersion. They are determined by advanced receiver modeling and can be tested experimentally.