Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Soft-Switching Configuration and Its Application in Transformerless Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverters

Soft-switching techniques of transformerless photovoltaic grid-connected inverters (TLIs) can significantly reduce switching losses, as well as soften switching processes. Conventional dc–ac soft-switching configurations proposed by Dr. Deepakraj M. Divan are invalid in TLIs because of the leakage current problem. In order to develop soft-switching techniques in TLIs, this paper proposes a new soft-switching configuration and a procedure to guide the invention of soft-switching TLIs. First, this paper proposes two basic resonance tanks related to dc bus polarities, and then, uses these basic tanks to elevate four popular full-bridge-type TLIs according to the proposed guideline. As a result, four soft-switching TLIs are gained. Second, this paper picks obtained soft-switching highly efficient and reliable inverter concept (HERIC) as example to analyze its soft-switching operation principle and performance. As a consequence, all active switches of the gained soft-switching HERIC circuit are switched under both of zero-current turn-on and turn-off conditions; the reverse recovery problem of freewheeling diodes is alleviated owing to the zero-current turn-off of diodes; meanwhile, the common-mode voltage at the switching frequency scale is still constant. Finally, some experimental results from a 3-kW universal prototype at 50-kHz switching frequency are provided to verify the effectiveness of the main contributions of this paper.
Perspectives of Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse: An Exploration of the Adjustments to Self-Structure through Meaning-Making in Therapy

ABSTRACT This critical literature review explored how adult survivors of child sexual abuse experienced adjustments to their self-structure through meaning-making in therapy. Following extensive searches of academic databases, 15 studies were identified for review. Using thematic analysis, eight themes emerged. The eight identified themes of trust, acknowledgement, evolution, acceptance, integration, congruence, relational, and agency represented distinct but interrelated components of self-structure. The findings also indicated that self-structure components may be both intra- and interrelational in nature and that movement in one theme may facilitate movement in another. While recognizing that the nature of the research captured a composite of experiences, it was found that there was a consistent movement and fluidity as to how participants arrived at an adjusted position for each of the themes. A suggested theoretical framework was developed showing the components of the self-structure impacted by meaning-making and the nature of the adjustments made. Recommendations are made regarding future research.
Decision tree, a learning tool for the prediction of beef tenderness using rearing factors and carcass characteristics.

BACKGROUND The present study explored the potential use of decision trees on rearing factors (q = 10) and carcass characteristics (q = 12) for the development of prediction model rules of beef tenderness prediction/categorization. Accordingly, 308 young bulls were used by a sensory panel to evaluate the tenderness potential of ribeye steaks grilled at 55 °C. A classification and regression tree method was implemented and allowed the prediction of tenderness using (i) rearing factors, (ii) carcass characteristics or (iii) both. RESULTS The resultant tree models yielded predictive accuracies of 70.78% (with four rearing factors: concentrate percentage; fattening duration; initial body weight and dry matter intake); 67.21% (with four carcass characteristics: fatness carcass score; carcass weight; dressing percentage and muscle carcass percentage) and 84.41% (with six rearing factors and carcass characteristics) compared to the k-means clustering of tenderness. In the final and robust regression tree, from the 22 attribute information, two carcass characteristics (fatness carcass score and muscle carcass percentage) and four rearing factors (fattening duration; concentrate percentage; dry matter intake and initial body weight) were retained as predictors. The first splitter of the 308 ribeye steaks in accordance with their tenderness scores was fatness carcass score, followed by fattening duration and concentrate percentage. CONCLUSION The trial in the preset study highlights the importance of thresholding approach for efficiently classifying ribeye steaks in accordance with their tenderness potential. The overall prediction model rule was: IF (fatness carcass score ≥ 2.88) AND (concentrate ≥ 82%) [AND (muscle carcass ≥ 71%)] THEN meat was [very] tender. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Roles of distal aspartate and arginine of B-class dye-decolorizing peroxidase in heterolytic hydrogen peroxide cleavage

Dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) represent the most recently classified hydrogen peroxide–dependent heme peroxidase family. Although widely distributed with more than 5000 annotated genes and hailed for their biotechnological potential, detailed biochemical characterization of their reaction mechanism remains limited. Here, we present the high-resolution crystal structures of WT B-class DyP from the pathogenic bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpDyP) (1.6 Å) and the variants D143A (1.3 Å), R232A (1.9 Å), and D143A/R232A (1.1 Å). We demonstrate the impact of elimination of the DyP-typical, distal residues Asp-143 and Arg-232 on (i) the spectral and redox properties, (ii) the kinetics of heterolytic cleavage of hydrogen peroxide, (iii) the formation of the low-spin cyanide complex, and (iv) the stability and reactivity of an oxoiron(IV)porphyrin π-cation radical (Compound I). Structural and functional studies reveal that the distal aspartate is responsible for deprotonation of H2O2 and for the poor oxidation capacity of Compound I. Elimination of the distal arginine promotes a collapse of the distal heme cavity, including blocking of one access channel and a conformational change of the catalytic aspartate. We also provide evidence of formation of an oxoiron(IV)-type Compound II in KpDyP with absorbance maxima at 418, 527, and 553 nm. In summary, a reaction mechanism of the peroxidase cycle of B-class DyPs is proposed. Our observations challenge the idea that peroxidase activity toward conventional aromatic substrates is related to the physiological roles of B-class DyPs.
A Holographic Antenna Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons

For the conventional holographic antennas, an arbitrary beam direction can be always achieved by changing the hologram, while the reference wave (RW) cannot be controlled. This letter presents a novel holographic antenna, in which the RW is adjusted to have varied phase constants for different azimuth angle ϕ, realizing a tilted beam while hologram pattern remains concentric. A detailed theoretic explanation on the new approach is given. It is proposed from a new perspective, different from the conventional approach, exhibiting improved gain due to symmetric disturbance in all the directions. The RW is guided by the spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) transmission line, and the control of phase constant is implemented by changing the serrated stub length of the SSPPs. In addition, a new approach to realize unidirectional radiation is also developed by simply using splitted substrate. The novel holographic antenna is fabricated and measured to verify the performance.
Enhanced Cross-Polarization Discrimination of Wideband Differentially Fed Dual-Polarized Antenna via a Shorting Loop

In this letter, a wideband differentially fed ±45° dual-polarized antenna with high cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) is proposed for base station applications. The antenna is composed of a pair of orthogonal bowtie-shaped dipoles backed by a ground plane, which are differentially fed by four coaxial cables through a cross-shaped feeding line. Four fan-shaped parasitic patches are employed to enhance the impedance bandwidth. A shorting loop that is connected to the ground plane via pins is utilized to improve XPD across the desired band. A prototype of the antenna is fabricated. Measured results show that the antenna has a wide overlapped impedance bandwidth of 48% (1.68–2.74 GHz) at two ports for differential VSWR < 1.5 and a high differential port isolation of 35 dB. Also, a stable gain of about 7.9 dBi and a stable radiation pattern with 3 dB beamwidths of 70° ± 4° are obtained. Besides, the measured XPDs are better than 20 dB at the boresight and better than 10 dB at elevation angles of ±60° of the main lobe in the horizontal plane over the band of operation.
Oxidative stress‐induced dysregulation of excitation–contraction coupling contributes to muscle weakness

We have previously shown that the deletion of the superoxide scavenger, CuZn superoxide dismutase, in mice (Sod1−/− mice) results in increased oxidative stress and an accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and force that mirror the changes seen in old control mice. The goal of this study is to define the effect of oxidative stress and ageing on muscle weakness and the Excitation Contraction (EC) coupling machinery in age‐matched adult (8–10 months) wild‐type (WT) and Sod1−/− mice in comparison with old (25–28 months) WT mice.
Reactance Perturbation for Detecting and Identifying FDI Attacks in Power System State Estimation

False data injection (FDI) attacks have recently been introduced as an important class of cyberattacks in modern power systems. By coordinating the injection of false data in selected meters readings, an FDI attacks can bypass bad data detection methods in power system state estimation. In this paper, we propose a strategy to enhance detection and identification of an FDI that leverages reactance perturbation. We begin by deriving conditions to mitigate attacks in noiseless systems that relates the likelihood of attack detection and identification to the rank of the composite matrix, limited by power system topology and the deployment of meters. Based on such conditions, we design a secure reactance perturbation algorithm that maximizes the likelihood of an FDI attack detection and identification while minimizing the effect on the operational cost of power systems, e.g., power losses on transmission lines. Simulations on a 6-bus and the IEEE 57-bus system verify the performance of the secure reactance perturbation and the effect on power losses in both noiseless and noisy systems.
Model-based fMRI reveals dissimilarity processes underlying base rate neglect

Extensive evidence suggests that people use base rate information inconsistently in decision making. A classic example is the inverse base rate effect (IBRE), whereby participants classify ambiguous stimuli sharing features of both common and rare categories as members of the rare category. Computational models of the IBRE have either posited that it arises from associative similarity-based mechanisms or dissimilarity-based processes that may depend upon higher-level inference. Here we develop a hybrid model, which posits that similarity- and dissimilarity-based evidence both contribute to the IBRE, and test it using functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected from human subjects completing an IBRE task. Consistent with our model, multivoxel pattern analysis reveals that activation patterns on ambiguous test trials contain information consistent with dissimilarity-based processing. Further, trial-by-trial activation in left rostrolateral prefrontal cortex tracks model-based predictions for dissimilarity-based processing, consistent with theories positing a role for higher-level symbolic processing in the IBRE.
BioNet: A Python interface to NEURON for modeling large-scale networks

There is a significant interest in the neuroscience community in the development of large-scale network models that would integrate diverse sets of experimental data to help elucidate mechanisms underlying neuronal activity and computations. Although powerful numerical simulators (e.g., NEURON, NEST) exist, data-driven large-scale modeling remains challenging due to difficulties involved in setting up and running network simulations. We developed a high-level application programming interface (API) in Python that facilitates building large-scale biophysically detailed networks and simulating them with NEURON on parallel computer architecture. This tool, termed “BioNet”, is designed to support a modular workflow whereby the description of a constructed model is saved as files that could be subsequently loaded for further refinement and/or simulation. The API supports both NEURON’s built-in as well as user-defined models of cells and synapses. It is capable of simulating a variety of observables directly supported by NEURON (e.g., spikes, membrane voltage, intracellular [Ca++]), as well as plugging in modules for computing additional observables (e.g. extracellular potential). The high-level API platform obviates the time-consuming development of custom code for implementing individual models, and enables easy model sharing via standardized files. This tool will help refocus neuroscientists on addressing outstanding scientific questions rather than developing narrow-purpose modeling code.
Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale: Validation in Spanish University Students

The Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS) has already been validated in nine languages and has had a major scientific impact. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate this instrument in its Spanish version, one of the most important languages in the world. We analyzed the psychometric properties of the scale, applied to a sample of 378 students of the Faculty of Education at the University of Cordoba. The scale consists of 13 items, divided into three dimensions of the process of identity: commitments, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of the commitments. In this report, the factorial three-dimensional model of process identity is confirmed and shows that the instrument is reliable for measuring the educational, social or global identity of the individual.
Physiological responses to elevated temperature across the geographic range of a terrestrial salamander

ABSTRACT Widespread species often possess physiological mechanisms for coping with thermal heterogeneity, and uncovering these mechanisms provides insight into species’ responses to climate change. The emergence of non-invasive corticosterone (CORT) assays allows us to rapidly assess physiological responses to environmental change on a large scale. We lack, however, a basic understanding of how temperature affects CORT, and whether temperature and CORT interactively affect performance. Here, we examined the effects of elevated temperature on CORT and whole-organism performance in a terrestrial salamander, Plethodon cinereus, across a latitudinal gradient. Using water-borne hormone assays, we found that raising ambient temperature from 15 to 25°C increased CORT release at a similar rate for salamanders from all sites. However, CORT release rates were higher overall in the warmest, southernmost site. Elevated temperatures also affected physiological performance, but the effects differed among sites. Ingestion rate increased in salamanders from the warmer sites but remained the same for those from cooler sites. Mass gain was reduced for most individuals, although this reduction was more dramatic in salamanders from the cooler sites. We also found a temperature-dependent relationship between CORT and food conversion efficiency (i.e. the amount of mass gained per unit food ingested). CORT was negatively related to food conversion efficiency at 25°C but was unrelated at 15°C. Thus, the energetic gains of elevated ingestion rates may be counteracted by elevated CORT release rates experienced by salamanders in warmer environments. By integrating multiple physiological metrics, we highlight the complex relationships between temperature and individual responses to warming climates. Summary: Salamanders from warmer localities may be more resilient to climate warming because they increase ingestion to counterbalance the energetic demands of elevated temperatures, whereas those from cooler localities do not.
Solvent Extraction of Polyphenolics from the Indigenous African Fruit Ximenia caffra and Characterization by LC-HRMS

Indigenous and non-commercial fruits can be an important source of antioxidant polyphenols; however, the identity and content of polyphenols from non-commercial fruits are often poorly described. The study aimed to extract, identify, and quantify polyphenols from the skin of the indigenous Africa fruit Ximenia caffra, using solvent extraction. Three solvents (hexane, acetone, and 70% v/v ethanol) over three extraction times (30, 60 and 120 min) were used in a 32 full factorial experimental design to determine effects on polyphenol recovery, and individual polyphenolics were characterised using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Ethanol was the most effective extraction solvent, and extracts had high levels of total phenolics and flavonoids (65 mg gallic and 40 mg catechin equivalents per gram dry sample respectively), and high antioxidant activity (18.2 mg mL−1 ascorbic acid equivalents). LC-HRMS positively identified 16 compounds, of which 14 were flavonoids including flavonoid glycosides, and indicated that concentrations of some flavonoids decreased for extraction times beyond 60 min. It was concluded that the fruit of Ximenia caffra is rich in natural polyphenolic antioxidants; the present work identified and quantified a number of these, while also establishing suitable solvent extraction conditions for the recovery of these potentially high-value compounds.
A conserved motif promotes HpaB‐regulated export of type III effectors from Xanthomonas

Summary The type III secretion (T3S) system, an essential pathogenicity factor in most Gram‐negative plant‐pathogenic bacteria, injects bacterial effector proteins directly into the plant cell cytosol. Here, the type III effectors (T3Es) manipulate host cell processes to suppress defence and establish appropriate conditions for bacterial multiplication in the intercellular spaces of the plant tissue. T3E export depends on a secretion signal which is also present in ‘non‐effectors’. The latter are secreted extracellular components of the T3S apparatus, but are not translocated into the plant cell. How the T3S system discriminates between T3Es and non‐effectors is still enigmatic. Previously, we have identified a putative translocation motif (TrM) in several T3Es from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv). Here, we analysed the TrM of the Xcv effector XopB in detail. Mutation studies showed that the proline/arginine‐rich motif is required for efficient type III‐dependent secretion and translocation of XopB and determines the dependence of XopB transport on the general T3S chaperone HpaB. Similar results were obtained for other effectors from Xcv. As the arginine residues of the TrM mediate specific binding of XopB to cardiolipin, one of the major lipid components in Xanthomonas membranes, we assume that the association of T3Es to the bacterial membrane prior to secretion supports type III‐dependent export.
The Sycamore Maple Bacterial Culture Collection From a TNT Polluted Site Shows Novel Plant-Growth Promoting and Explosives Degrading Bacteria

Military activities have worldwide introduced toxic explosives into the environment with considerable effects on soil and plant-associated microbiota. Fortunately, these microorganisms, and their collective metabolic activities, can be harnessed for site restoration via in situ phytoremediation. We characterized the bacterial communities inhabiting the bulk soil and rhizosphere of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in two chronically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) polluted soils. Three hundred strains were isolated, purified and characterized, a majority of which showed multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. Several isolates showed high nitroreductase enzyme activity and concurrent TNT-transformation. A 12-member bacterial consortium, comprising selected TNT-detoxifying and rhizobacterial strains, significantly enhanced TNT removal from soil compared to non-inoculated plants, increased root and shoot weight, and the plants were less stressed than the un-inoculated plants as estimated by the responses of antioxidative enzymes. The sycamore maple tree (SYCAM) culture collection is a significant resource of plant-associated strains with multiple PGP and catalytic properties, available for further genetic and phenotypic discovery and use in field applications.
Formal Methods for MILS: Formalisations of the GWV Firewall

To achieve security certification according to the highest levels of assurance, formal models and proofs of security properties are required. In the MILS context, this includes formalisation of key components – such as separation kernels – and the formalisation of applications built on top of these verified components. In this paper, we use the Isabelle/HOL proof assistant to formalise the Firewall application built on top of a verified separation kernel according to the model of Greve, Wilding, and Vanfleet (GWV). This Firewall application has been formalised twice after the original effort by GWV. These different efforts have been compared and discussed on paper. Our main contribution is to provide a formal comparison between these formalisations in the formal logic of a proof assistant.
Further Results on Induced  $l_\infty$  RH FIR Filtering

The first results on the induced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${l_\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> receding horizon (RH) finite impulse response (FIR) filtering were obtained by Ahn for a nonsingular system matrix without consideration of external control input, which limited the area of applications. This brief discusses a new design condition for the induced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${l_\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> RH FIR filter applied to model with an arbitrary system matrix and external control input. Based upon this result, a correspondence is found between the induced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${l_\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> RH FIR filter and the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${H_\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> RH FIR filter. Higher robustness of the proposed filter against uncertainties in the system matrix is shown in a comparison with the existing induced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${l_\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> RH filter, which has an infinite impulse response.
Flexible, Reusable and Ultra-Thin Parylene-C/Cr Shadow Mask for Versatile Micropatterning Applications on Planar and Nonplanar Surfaces

In this paper, a reusable, flexible, and ultra-thin parylene-C/Cr shadow mask for fabricating diverse micropatterns on arbitrary surfaces is introduced. The shadow mask is composed of 3-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> parylene-C film and 100-nm Cr layer. The flexible nature of this ultra-thin shadow mask makes it easy to attach to any surfaces. The smallest feature size of the fabricated micropatterns can reach <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the shadow mask can be reused for more than six times with good integrity and high accuracy. Various etching and deposition micropatterns with different shapes and dimensions were successfully fabricated on both flat and curved surfaces with well-defined edges and good feature transfer fidelity. With the combination of this shadow mask and an atmospheric pressure microplasma jet, selective micropatterning can be easily achieved on conventional and unconventional substrates, especially the curved and bulky objects. The potential applications of this shadow mask technology cover multiple fields, including MEMS, flexible electronics, and biomedical applications. [2018-0055]