Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DNA barcode markers for two new species of tiger milk mushroom: Lignosus tigris and L. cameronensis.

Two new species of the tiger milk mushroom, namely Lignosus tigris and L. cameronensis, were reported recently based on studies on morphological characteristics. Both Lignosus species are known to be medicinal fungi and have potential to be used as functional food. Since intact fungal samples of the two Lignosus species are not always available for morphology-based identification, a DNA barcode marker approach based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region via PCR technology has been developed. The DNA markers are highly specific and easily amplified, thus allowing rapid identification and reliable authentication of these two Lignosus species. Identification and authentication of the fungi are important in view of the potential medicinal and functional food applications of the two fungi. © 2014 Friends Science Publishers
Coexistence of rectilinear and vortex polarizations at twist boundaries in ferroelectric PbTiO_{3} from first principles

Atomic and electronic structures as well as ferroelectricity at (cid:2) 5(001) twist boundaries in ferroelectric PbTiO 3 have been investigated using ﬁrst-principles ( ab initio ) density-functional theory calculations within the local-density approximation. The twist-boundary structure with the coincidence site lattice of O-Pb and O-O is found to be energetically favorable. At the twist boundary, rectilinear spontaneous polarization along the normal direction to the boundary is highly enhanced because of the locally strengthened covalent Pb-O bond, which predominates ferroelectricity in PbTiO 3 . Interestingly, we found vortex or toroidal polarization in the twist-boundary plane coexisting with the rectilinear polarization. The vortex polarization arises from rotational in-plane displacement induced by the twisted misorientation of lattices. An applied tensile strain tends to increase the rectilinear polarization, especially at the twist boundary. On the other hand, the vortex polarization is suppressed upon application of a tensile strain and ﬁnally disappears at a critical strain in the TiO 2 layer of the boundary, whereas the PbO layer exhibits the opposite tendency.
Cipher Suites-The Cryptographic Computations in Routing of Mobile Ad hoc Networks ( MANET )

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure less and autonomous network where a set of nodes are connected by wireless links where each node works as both a router and an end system. Due to vulnerable features of MANET it is prone to several attacks from insider as well as outsider, so security is a major requirement for this it is using several cipher suites in order to have a strong security features. In my research cryptographic computations are playing vital role for that reason in this paper we want to discuss the various available cipher suites and the various cryptographic functions. And mainly discuss the various secure routing protocols that how they are using cipher suites. Routing is one of the basic networking functions in mobile ad hoc networks for that reason especially we are concentrating on routing security of a MANET and role of cipher suites in providing security to the routing of a MANET.
Robust PSS Design under Multioperating Conditions Using Differential Evolution

A power system stabilizer (PSS) design method, which aims at enhancing the damping of multiple electromechanical modes in a multi-machine system over a large and pre-specified set of operating conditions, is introduced in this paper. With the assumption of normal distribution, the statistical nature of the eigenvalues corresponding to different operating conditions is described by their expectations and variances. A probabilistic eigenvalue-based optimization problem used for determining PSS parameters is then formulated. Differential evolution (DE) is applied for solving this highly nonlinear optimization problem. Different strategies for control parameter settings of DE have been studied to verify the robustness of DE in PSS optimization problems. The performance of the proposed PSS, with a conventional lead/lag structure, has been demonstrated based on two test systems by probabilistic eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear simulation.
Real exchange rate assessment in Egypt: Equilibrium and misalignments

The underlying study focuses on assessing the real exchange rate in Egypt during the period 19992012. In particular, the paper estimates the Real Exchange Rate (RER) misalignments in Egypt during the period under investigation. This is implemented through carrying out two main steps: first, the observed real exchange rate is calculated. Then, the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate (ERER) is estimated using three different techniques from the methodology spectrum of the empirical literature. These methodologies are widely used to estimate the ERER in both developing and developed countries alike; namely, the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) approach; the Fundamental Equilibrium Exchange Rate (FEER) approach and Edwards Model (1989). Fortunately, the three techniques yield consistent results concerning the undervaluation and overvaluation episodes. Evidently, the REER appears to be misaligned during the period 2001-2009: undervalued during 2003-2007, overvalued 20012002 and 2008-2012. The paper concludes that the Egyptian Pound is recently overvalued; although all the applied approaches indicate different misalignment magnitudes, they all show a growing trend in the relative prices in favor of our trading partners. It is recommended to narrow down these deviations; the REER has to be devaluated by a range of 9 to 13 percent in order for the Egyptian products not to lose their competitiveness in the international markets.
Omega-3 fatty acids are related to abnormal emotion processing in adolescent boys with attention de fi cit hyperactivity disorder

Background: In addition to the core symptoms, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with poor emotion regulation. There is some evidence that children and young adults with ADHD have lower omega-3 levels and that supplementation with omega-3 can improve both ADHD and affective symptoms. We therefore investigated differences between ADHD and non-ADHD children in omega-3/6 fatty acid plasma levels and the relationship between those indices and emotion-elicited event-related potentials (ERPs). Methods: Children/adolescents with (n1⁄431) and without ADHD (n1⁄432) were compared in their plasma omega-3/6 indices and corresponding ERPs during an emotion processing task. Results: Children with ADHD had lower mean omega-3/6 and ERP abnormalities in emotion processing, independent of emotional valence relative to control children. ERP abnormalities were significantly associated with lower omega-3 levels in the ADHD group. Conclusions: The findings reveal for the first time that lower omega-3 fatty acids are associated with impaired emotion processing in ADHD children. & 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Numerical Investigation on the Cavitating Flow in a Water Jet Pump

For water jet systems operating in marine ships cavitation are phenomenon that often occur. The presence of vapour in the flow affects the performance of the pump and as the cavity grows the pump efficiency drastically reduces to a level where the pump cannot operate normally. Due to this influence on the pump performance it is of main interest to be able to predict the behaviour of the cavitation process. In many engineering applications, cavitation has been the subject of extensive theoretical and experimental research since it has predominantly been perceived as an undesirable phenomenon. This is mainly due to the detrimental effects of cavitation such as erosion, noise and vibrations, caused by the growth and collapse of vapour bubbles. The ability to model cavitator flows has drawn strong interest in CFD community. It covers a wide range of applications, such as pumps, hydraulic turbines, inducers and fuel cavitation in orifices as commonly encountered in fuel injection systems. Fluid machinery is a common application where low pressures are routinely generated by the machine action, e.g. on blade surfaces, with a consequent possibility of cavitation. Existence of cavitation is often undesired, because it can degrade the device performance, produce undesirable noise, lead to physical damage to the device and affect the structural integrity. Details of the existence, extent and effects of cavitation can be of significant help during the design stages of fluid machinery, in order to minimize cavitation or to account for its effects and optimize the design. Past several decades have seen considerable research on cavitation and extensive reviews are available in the literature. Different aspects of this complex phenomenon have been explored, including, e.g., cavitation bubble collapse and erosion damage, cavitation acoustics, cloud cavitation and rotating cavitation. Based on the assumption that the flow is in viscid, various numerical methods have been thus far proposed to simulate Cavitating flows the conformal mapping method, the singularity method, and the panel method.
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Sandwich Composite Laminates with Aluminium Honeycomb Core

Honeycomb core sandwich composites are extensively used in aerospace and other industries due to its less weight, high inplane, radar transparent and design flexibility properties . The most common type of failure occurs due to core compression which leads to adhesive failure on the structure. This paper studies about the compressive behavior of honeycomb core sandwich composite which is made up of basalt fiber as face sheet and Aluminium as core in the sandwich structure. In order to reduce the experimental cost and have a clear idea on real life problems modeling and simulation type of work have got well importance. In this analysis the modeling of sandwich composite is done in CATIA. After that the static analysis of beam and plate structure of sandwich composite is performed in FEM environment (ANSYS), by taking the face sheet of equal thickness and different thickness of core. Finally the total deformation is obtained for both the cases by applying different uniform distributed load and point load on the composite structure in ANSYS by importing the solid model. Again modal analysis of sandwich structure is done in ANSYS, which determines the various characteristics like natural frequency, mode shapes for a static load condition.
Statistical Analog Circuit Simulation: Motivation and Implementation

New technologies are continually being developed that enable designers to create faster, more complex circuits, packed within a shrinking die. However, along with the promise of speed and density comes the challenge of variability, as intra-die device mismatch looms proportionately greater. Analog designs typically employ multiple core building block circuits, including current mirrors, band gap references, differential pairs and op amps, that are especially sensitive to device mismatch. Understanding the impact and potential interactions of variations between these matched devices can be critical in producing a commercially viable product. The first part of this chapter will provide a background on the statistical nature of the semiconductor manufacturing process, with a particular focus on their implications on device performance. Due to the complexity of interactions coupled with circuit-specific design sensitivities, traditional corner models do not provide the designer with sufficient accuracy and visibility to thoroughly assess and improve the quality of their designs. Corner models also do not account for mismatch, which is a major concern for analog designs. A statistical simulation system that realistically replicates process variability will provide the designer with insights to optimize the design. The second part of the chapter will delve into the extraction and use of statistical models within a statistical simulation system. A properly implemented statistical design tool can become one of the greatest assets available to the designer. Following a discussion of various published statistical model formulations and extraction methodologies from literature, we will consider how they might be incorporated and used within commercially available simulators. We conclude the chapter with a demonstration that systematically evaluates the components of a band gap circuit to isolate matching sensitivities and refine the design for optimized results. With the assistance of statistical design analysis, a designer can make informed choices that will produce better circuit performance and manufacturability.
Some Chemical and Physical Properties, Fatty Acid Composition and Bioactive Compounds of Wheat Germ Oils Extracted From Different Wheat Cultivars

Fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, total phenolics and α-tocopherol contents of wheat germ oils obtained from two bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and one durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) species commonly cultivated in Turkey were investigated in this study. Fourteen different fatty acids were determined in wheat germ oil samples in which linoleic acid (53.88-57.55%), oleic acid (16.56-20.38%) and palmitic acid (16.66-17.70%) were found as predominant fatty acid types. Among the major fatty acids, linoleic acid was the primary fatty acid in bread wheat germ oils whereas oleic and palmitic acids were the predominant fatty acids in durum wheat samples. The antioxidant activity of the wheat germ oil samples ranged between 0.94-1.01 μmol g-1 whereas the total phenolic and the α-tocopherol between 67.79-126.51 mg GAE 100 g-1 and 1343 to 2176 mg kg-1, respectively. The lowest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were detected in bread wheat germ oil while the other bread wheat and the durum wheat exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content, respectively.
A novel design of a microstrip‐fed shorted square‐ring slot antenna for circular polarization

The design of a circularly polarized slot antenna fed by a single microstrip line is presented. The circularly polarized radiation is achieved by means of using a shorted square‐ring slot. This proposed antenna has the fundamental resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz with the minimum return loss of −50.44 dB. The impedance bandwidth is 930 MHz or 38.7% referred to the resonant frequency, and it also has the 3‐dB axial‐ratio (AR) bandwidth of 310 MHz or 12.9% referred to the resonant frequency. In addition, this proposed antenna shows good performance of circular polarization (CP) radiation with the range of the lower 3‐dB AR value covering elevation angles between −40 to 40 degrees. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1684–1687 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22517
Cross-reference maximum likelihood estimate reconstruction for positron emission tomography

Maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) is a widely used approach for PET image reconstruction. However, it has been shown that reconstructing emission tomography based on MLE without regularization would result in noise and edge artifacts. In the attempt to regularize the maximum likelihood estimate, we propose a new and efficient method in this paper to incorporate the correlated but possibly incomplete structure information which may be derived from expertise, PET systems or other imaging modalities. A mean estimate smoothing the MLE locally within each region of interest is derived according to the boundaries provided by the structure information. Since the boundaries may not be correct, a penalized MLE using the mean estimate is sought. The resulting reconstruction is called a cross-reference maximum likelihood estimate (CRMLE). The CRMLE can be obtained through a modified EM algorithm, which is computation and storage efficient. By borrowing the strength from the correct portion of boundary information, the CRMLE is able to extract the useful information to improve reconstruction for different kinds of incomplete and incorrect boundaries in Monte Carlo studies. The proposed CRMLE algorithm not only reduces the estimation errors, but also preserves the correct boundaries. The penalty parameters can be selected through human interactions or automatically data-driven methods, such as the generalized cross validation method.
Parallel Scientific App ... ... App Code DeltaFS In-situ Indexing FIFOShuffle Send fwrite ( ) FIFO Shuffle Recv Shared Underlying Storage Per-Partition LSM Data Log App Proc WriteBuffer

Analysis of large-scale simulation output is a core element of scientific inquiry, but analysis queries may experience significant I/O overhead when the data is not structured for efficient retrieval. While in-situ processing allows for improved time-to-insight for many applications, scaling in-situ frameworks to hundreds of thousands of cores can be difficult in practice. The DeltaFS in-situ indexing is a new approach for in-situ processing of massive amounts of data to achieve efficient point and small-range queries. This paper describes the challenges and lessons learned when scaling this in-situ processing function to hundreds of thousands of cores. We propose techniques for scalable all-to-all communication that is memory and bandwidth efficient, concurrent indexing, and specialized LSM-Tree formats. Combining these techniques allows DeltaFS to control the cost of in-situ processing while maintaining 3 orders of magnitude query speedup when scaling alongside the popular VPIC particle-in-cell code to 131,072 cores.
Heuristic algorithms for early quantification and partial product minimization

1 A set of interacting finite state machines is often used as a model for formal verification. Most formal verification algo rithms, based on Binary Decision Diagrams (BDD's), build the transition relation of the product machine, and then existentially quantify out the non-state variables. The early quantification problem is to compute a schedule for multiplying and existen tially quantifying variables, such that the maximum size BDD encountered at any point is minimized. We give two algo rithms for the early quantification problem, one which is rather fast (running in linear time on sparse structures), and produces excellent results and another which produces an optimal sched ule for a given linear ordering of the terms. Even with early quantification partial products can become very large. In this paper, we present techniques to find don't cares, with respect to which the partial products are minimized. Some of our techniques involve state minimization and can result in smaller BDD's for the reachable states set. Two notions for state minimization are new, and involve approxima tions to trace equivalence. All the algorithms have been imple mented and integrated in our formal verification software for design verification. We present our experimental results.
Efficient least‐squares imaging with sparsity promotion and compressive sensing

Seismic imaging is a linearized inversion problem relying on the minimization of a least‐squares misfit functional as a function of the medium perturbation. The success of this procedure hinges on our ability to handle large systems of equations – whose size grows exponentially with the demand for higher resolution images in more and more complicated areas – and our ability to invert these systems given a limited amount of computational resources. To overcome this ‘curse of dimensionality’ in problem size and computational complexity, we propose a combination of randomized dimensionality‐reduction and divide‐and‐conquer techniques. This approach allows us to take advantage of sophisticated sparsity‐promoting solvers that work on a series of smaller subproblems each involving a small randomized subset of data. These subsets correspond to artificial simultaneous‐source experiments made of random superpositions of sequential‐source experiments. By changing these subsets after each subproblem is solved, we are able to attain an inversion quality that is competitive while requiring fewer computational and possibly, fewer acquisition resources.
Location of Eyes in Images of Human Faces through Analysis Variance Shine Intensity

Extraction of facial features is an important step in automatic visual interpretation and recognition of human faces. Among the facial features, the eyes play a major role in the recognition process. In this article, we present an approach to detect and locate the eyes in frontal face images. Eye regions are identified using the technique of voucher detection based on mathematical morphology. After this identification is made a comparison between the variances of three different portions of each candidate region to eye (set of pixels belonging to the candidate region as a whole, set of pixels contained in a minimum rectangle circumscribed to the candidate region and set of pixels of the candidate region belonging to a horizontal band that crosses the center of mass of this region). The calculation of these variances also considers the R, G, and B channels, as well as the gray version of the input image.
A SYNTHESIS AND OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE FOR FULLY TESTABLE SEQUENTIAL MACHINES

In this paper, we outline a synthesis procedure which beginning from a State Transition Graph description of a sequential machine produces an optimized fully testable logic implementa tion. This logic-level implementation is guaranteed to be testable for all single stuck-at faults and the test sequences for these faults can be obtained using combinational test generation techniques alone. All single stuck-at faults in the synthesized logic-level automaton can be tested without access to the memory elements using these test sequences. Thus, the testing time required is smaller than that using a Scan Design methodology. The area penalty incurred due to the con straints on the optimization are small. The performance of the synthesized design is usually better man a unconstrained design optimized for area alone. The relationship between combinational logic optimization and combinational test generation is well known. In this paper, we show mat an intimate relationship exists between state assignment and the testability of a sequential machine. We propose a procedure of constrained state assign ment and logic optimization which guarantees testability for both Moore and Mealy machines. We present results which illustrate the efficacy of this procedure the area/performance penalties in return for 100% testability are negligible. Acknowledgements This work is supported in part by the Semiconductor Research Corporation, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under contract N00039-86-R-0365 and a grant from AT&T Bell Laboratories. Their support is gratefully acknowledged.
Performance Analysis of Mobile Adhoc Routing Protocols

: MobileAd-Hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network without infrastructure. They are connected via wireless channels and can use multiple hops to exchange data. Routing protocols are needed for communication in such Ad hoc networks, where it targets for efficient and timely delivery of message. Self-configurability and easy deployment feature of the MANET resulted in numerous applications. Efficient routing protocols will make MANETs reliable. In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare three well know protocols AODV, DSR and DSDV by using three performance metrics Packet loss, Receive throughput and Sending throughput. NS-2 software is used to design, simulate and to do performance analysis of these protocols.