Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title Computing controversy : Formal model and algorithms fordetecting controversy on Wikipedia and in search queries

Controversy is a complex concept that has been attracting attention of scholars from diverse fields. In the era of Internet and social media, detecting controversy and controversial concepts by the means of automatic methods is especially important. Web searchers could be alerted when the contents they consume are controversial or when they attempt to acquire information on disputed topics. Presenting users with the indications and explanations of the controversy should offer them chance to see the “wider picture” rather than letting them obtain one-sided views. In this work we first introduce a formal model of controversy as the basis of computational approaches to detecting controversial concepts. Then we propose a classification based method for automatic detection of controversial articles and categories in Wikipedia. Next, we demonstrate how to use the obtained results for the estimation of the controversy level of search queries. The proposed method can be incorporated into search engines as a component responsible for detection of queries related to controversial topics. The method is independent of the search engine’s retrieval and search results recommendation algorithms, and is therefore unaffected by a possible filter bubble. Our approach can be also applied in Wikipedia or other knowledge bases for supporting the detection of controversy and content maintenance. Finally, we believe that our results could be useful for social science researchers for understanding the complex nature of controversy and in fostering their studies. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )
SMEs and Barriers to Eco-Innovation in EU: A Diverse Palette of Greens

Eco-innovation is an explicit aim of major EU policy strategies. Many environmental policies de facto require firms to eco-innovate to comply with policy requirements, while the overlap between policy-driven and market-driven eco-innovation strategies is increasingly important for many firms. Barriers to eco-innovation can then emerge as a critical factor in either preventing or stimulating EU strategies, policy implementation, and 'green strategies' by firms. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy of EU SMEs in terms of barriers to eco-innovation. The aim is to discriminate among SMEs on how they differ in terms of perception of barriers and engagement in environmental innovation, thus highlighting the need to look at eco-innovation barriers in relation to firms' attitudes, technological and organizational capabilities, and strategies. We identify six clusters of SMEs. These clusters include firms facing 'Revealed barriers', 'Deterring barriers', 'Cost deterred' firms, 'Market deterred' firms, 'Non eco-innovators' and 'Green champions'. The clusters show substantial differences in terms of eco-innovation adoption. We show that our proposed taxonomy has little overlap with sector classifications. This diversity should be taken into account for successful environmental innovation policies.
A SIMPLE AND VERSATILE METHOD FOR SINGLE CELL PATTERNING

This work describes a simple and versatile method for protein patterning on surfaces covered with polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel. Pegylated glass and polystyrene surfaces were exposed to deep UV light through a synthetic photomask. Incubation of the proteins on the irradiated surface, resulted in well defined patterns, with high resolution. RPE1 cells seeded on fibronectin patterns were constrained for days on the PEG-coated glass, and for weeks on the polystyrene patterned surfaces. Moreover, the patterned substrates, in the absence of proteins, are stable for months in the lab atmosphere, which makes this method an alternative for academic and industrial applications.
Design studies of an RFQ-injector for a medicine-synchrotron

An accelerator facility for cancer tumour radiotherapy with ions is proposed for the Radiologische Universitaetsklinik in Heidelberg. Design studies have been done for the injector-complex in front of the Synchrotron with respect to the construction and operation costs as well as to a comfortable handling of the machine. After the source section and a LEBT path the beam will be injected into the RFQ at an energy of 8 keV/u to be accelerated to 400 keV/u with an electrode voltage of 70 kV and an expected power consumption of 100 kW. The RFQ layout, featuring a special parameter design, has been investigated with an extended version of the PARMTEQ code. The length of the RFQ will be approximately 1.45 m, the operation frequency is 216.816 MHz, the same value as in the following IH drift tube Linac. For beam matching reasons, the combination of the drift tubes with the RFQ electrodes at the high energy end is examined in detail by beam dynamics simulations and model measurements.
Modeling ventricular-vascular coupling in the developing embryo

Congenital cardiovascular malformations are one of the major contributors to infant mortality in the United States today. Defects in the cardiovascular system are evident at very early stages in the developing embryo, yet there exists no substantial diagnostic tool(s) for recognizing defects at these early stages. Cardiac morphogensis occurs throughout the pre-innervated period of embryonic development. It is speculated that the flow of blood during the early embryonic stages plays an important role in the development of the cardiovascular system. Blood flow is a possible mechanism for communication between the heart and vasculature, contributing to cardiac development. The objective of this study is to investigate ventricularvascular coupling across the conotruncus and aortic arches using mathematical models to simulate experimental hemodynamic data from a Stage 21 White Leghorn chick embryo. Lumped-parameter hydraulic models of the embryonic vasculature are tested for their ability to predict experimental data using Least Squares minimization techniques. This research explores the use of linear parametric models as an effective tool in characterizing embryonic hemodynamics.
Impacts of Land-Use on Leaf Breakdown and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Southern Appalachian Streams

Land-use practices have long been associated with alterations in stream ecosystem structure and function, however, ‘exurbanization’ and its impact on streams is poorly understood. This study compares the ecosystem structure and function of 9 southern Appalachian streams of differing land-use (forested, exurban, agricultural). Impacts of land-use on leaf breakdown are examined in Chapter 1. Leaf breakdown rates were significantly related to land-use. Forested streams exhibited the slowest breakdown rates, followed by exurban streams, with agricultural streams having the fastest rates. Leaf breakdown was most strongly related to discharge (white oak) and some fine sediment metrics (red maple). Our results suggest that the altered hydrological regimes in agricultural streams, as well as the influx of fine sediments into streams from exurban development, can play a role in altering instream organic matter processing. The taxa and number of shredders present may play a role to a lesser extent. Impacts of land-use on macroinvertebrate assemblages are examined in Chapter 2. Shannon diversity, %EPT, and NCBI were significantly related to land-use regime. There were significant negative relationships between macroinvertebrate diversity and conductivity and temperature. In addition, biotic integrity had a significant negative relationship with conductivity. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that agricultural streams were characterized by temperature and flow, forested streams by MPS and standing stock course particulate organic matter (SSCPOM), and two of three exurban streams by conductivity and temperature. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) revealed that while macroinvertebrate communities overlapped, some differences in community assemblage could be seen between
Nigeria COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WOODY PLANTS BIOMASS ON THE AFFECTED AND RESTRICTED LAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN PEASANT COMMUNITY , ADAMAWA STATE , NIGERIA

There are differences in woody plant distribution and sizes on the affected and restricted land management practices in rural areas. The aim of the study is to determine the difference in woody plants biomass on the adopted land management practices. The data required are distribution, height and girth of woody plant stands that were generated from the field using sample quadrats and measuring tape. The scope covers indigenous woody plants height, girth, distribution and biomass per unit area on the continuous cultivation, fallow and reserve lands. The biomass was determined using equations B = (πr2h) to estimate single tree stand while B = π(x̅r2) × x̅h(n) for stands that are more than one. The results were analyzed by comparing the magnitude of biomass per land management practices and unit area covered. The result revealed that reserve land have the highest biomass and cover more area than the affected. The result recommends preservation of seedlings of woody plants during annual clearance and clean weeding on continuous cultivation lands. The result implies with increase in continuous cultivation leads to reduction in plant biomass.
AEROBICTRAINING FOR ATHLETES WITH ILIOTIBIAL BAND FRICTION SYNDROME WITH CONSIDERING OF ITS PATHOGENIC MECHANISM

Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) is caused by friction between iliotibial band (ITB) and lateral femoral epicondyle. Effective aerobic training for athletes with ITBFS has not yet been reported. The purpose of this study was to propose an aerobic exercise that does not apply load on the ITB. The study consisted of 10 uninjured men. We measured hip and knee joint flexion angle during pedaling bicycle ergometer under 3 saddle height conditions. As the saddle height was lowered, the hip and knee joint flexion angles increased. Under the low saddle height condition, the ITB did not slide over. This shows that pedaling exercise in low saddle condition can be special exercise, in which athlete can get enough training effects and yet it would put less burden on the ITB.
AS WE SEE IT Harmonization of Red Lists in Europe: some lessons learned in the Netherlands when applying the new IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria version 3.1.

This paper discusses the desirability of the harmonization of Red Lists for both regional and national red listing by using the new IUCN Categories and Criteria (CC a marked exception is that for birds (34%). The application of the new IUCN C&C version 3.1. for the Dutch national Red Lists results in a substantial variation in outcome when compared with Red Lists based on the ‘Dutch’ criteria. This variation is particularly due to the A and D criteria of IUCN, especially when applied to fairly small countries. The Dutch government has therefore decided to continue using the ‘Dutch’ Red Lists for national policy purposes, but to use the IUCN-criteria based Red lists for international (European) comparison only. A link between the Birds and Habitats Directives and regional IUCN Red Lists for Europe would also be desirable.
Wage-Rise Contract and Labour-Managed Cournot Oligopoly with Complementary Goods

This paper considers a quantity-setting oligopoly model with complementary goods where labour-managed firms are allowed to offer wage-rise contracts as a strategic commitment. The following two stages are considered. In the first stage, each firm independently decides whether or not to adopt a wage-rise contract as a strategic commitment device. In the second stage, each firm independently chooses and sells its actual output. The paper analyses the equilibrium of the labour-managed oligopoly model.
The horse-bird creature generation experiment

This paper presents the process and results of experiments regarding the generation of blends of a concept of “horse” with a concept of “bird”. The blending process is based on the framework of Conceptual Blending (Fauconnier and Turner, 1998) and its development is achieving some stability. We present an overview of our system, Divago, namely of its newest developments around the optimality constraints. The results demonstrate the behavior of the system with regard to each of the optimality constraints and also give an insight on its ability for the generation of new concepts from the combination of pre-existing ones, although highlighting problems and further developments that must be taken.
Using temperature as a tracer to understand flow pathways in the Slapton Wood and Dunsop catchments

Temperature is regularly used as a tracer in several fields within hydrology such as the study of interactions between the river channel and the local hyporheic environment and in the investigation of deeper groundwater flow pathways. However, it is rarely used to help investigate flow pathways within river catchments, and two examples of its use in this field are demonstrated here. The work uses recent advances that allow simple, cheap, yet accurate stream and soil temperature measurements in combination with existing physically-based models for the full energy and water cycle. Measurements of stream and soil temperatures in the Eastergrounds hollow in the Slapton Wood catchment, Devon, have been carried out. Analysis of the data and modelling of water flow and heat transport using SHETRAN suggests deeper pathways for the subsurface stormflow that had previously been thought. Measurements of stream temperatures in paired subcatchments of the Dunsop catchment, Bowland Forest, Lancashire, are on-going. These catchments are dominated by surface or near-surface flow but show very different stream temperature responses.
N ov 2 01 7 Coordinated trajectory tracking ofmultiple vertical take-off and landingUAVs ⋆

This paper investigates the coordinated trajectory tracking problem of multiple vertical takeooff and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The case of unidirectional information flow is considered and the objective is to drive all the follower VTOL UAVs to accurately track the trajectory of the leader. Firstly, a novel distributed estimator is developed for each VTOL UAV to obtain the leader’s desired information asymptotically. With the outputs of the estimators, the solution to the coordinated trajectory tracking problem of multiple VTOL UAVs is transformed to individually solving the tracking problem of each VTOL UAV. Due to the under-actuated nature of the VTOL UAV, a hierarchical framework is introduced for each VTOL UAV such that a command force and an applied torque are exploited in sequence, then the position tracking to the estimated desired position and the attitude tracking to the command attitude are achieved. Moreover, an auxiliary system with proper parameters is implemented to guarantee the singularity-free command attitude extraction and to obviate the use of the unavailable desired information. The stability analysis and simulations effectively validate the achievement of the coordinated trajectory tracking of multiple VTOL UAVs with the proposed control approach.
TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON INNOVATION: TUTORSHIP AND VIDEOANNOTATION

Theuse of digital video offers interesting opportunities in teacher training,particularly thanks to the possibilities provided by video annotation, wherebypeople can add and share comments and opinions on the same videos, even fromdifferent places.Thisresearch study aims at examining teachers’ perspectives on this technology,taking into account both their explicit evaluations and the emotionalimplications that might characterize their perception.Differentmethods of using video annotation for training are compared, one based on theindividual use as a form of personal reflection, another supported by varioustypes of tutorship. The data were collected and analysed through an explicitevaluation, an indirect evaluation and shared interpretations in a focus group.It is pointed out that to make this technology fully operational it isimportant to work on the cultural and psychosocial aspects that control theemotional conditions that arise when one’s teaching behaviour is observed andassessed. KEYWORDS:videoannotation, tutorship, teacher training, microteaching.
Blackberry and raspberry are alternative resistance sources to fire blight

Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight mainly on pear, apple and quince trees. This bacterial pathogen also infects other Rosaceous plants, such as blackberry and raspberry. A race structure was established between an isolate of E. amylovora and berries using 40 wild blackberry and 7 wild raspberry genotypes. In pathogenicity tests, wild blackberry and raspberry genotypes had three phenotypic reactions: enhanced susceptibility, moderate susceptibility and resistance. We noted a higher bacterial growth of over 300 × 109 cfu mL-1 in plants with enhanced susceptibility, with resistant genotypes showing a bacterial growth of around 150 × 109 cfu mL-1. These results are also associated with symptoms observed at 29 days post-inoculation. This resistance is being evaluated to control fire blight.
Relation between the Gravitational and Magnetic Fields

Quantum and relativistic phenomena can be explained by the hypothesis that both the universe and the elementary particles are formed by atoms’ four spatial dimensions. It is also possible to deduce and calculate properties of elementary particles, such as mass, electric charge, spin, radio, etc. Based on this hypothesis, the fundamental constants can be calculated depending only on the speed of light c. Moreover, the Schrodinger equation can be deduced and the equality of inertial and gravitational mass can be demonstrated. The aim of this article is to establish a relationship between electron mass and electron charge, and thereby calculate the electrical charge depending on the mass of the electron, Planck's constant h and the speed of light c. Through this relationship, extended to the gravitational and magnetic fields, it is possible to establish a relationship between the constants of both fields.
Dynamical Forcing of Subseasonal Variability in the Tropical Brewer–Dobson Circulation

Upwelling across the tropical tropopause exhibits strong subseasonal variability superimposed on the wellknown annual cycle, and these variations directly affect temperature and tracers in the tropical lower stratosphere.Inthiswork,the dynamicalforcing oftropical upwellingonsubseasonaltime scalesisinvestigated using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) for 1979‐2011. Momentum balance diagnostics reveal that transience in lower-stratospheric upwelling is linked to the effects ofextratropical wave forcing, with centers ofaction in the extratropical winter stratosphere and in the subtropical upper troposphere of both hemispheres. The time-dependent forcing in these regions induces a remote coupled response in the zonal mean wind and the meridional circulation (with associated temperature changes), which drives upwelling variability in the tropical stratosphere. This behavior is observed in the reanalysis, consistent with theory. Dynamical patterns reflect distinctive forcing of the shallow versus deep branchesoftheBrewer‐Dobsoncirculation; theshallow branchismost stronglycorrelated withwave forcing in the subtropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, while the deep branch is mainly influenced by highlatitude planetary waves.
Exploring Facets of Playability: the Differences between PC and Tablet Gaming

With the advent of mobile devices, game consoles and computers as gaming platforms, the gaming industry is growing at exponential rates. Players are now accessing the latest video game entertainment in more than one digital medium thus expanding a player’s game time and making video games the number one leisure choice. If one of the goals of the player is to derive a quality of experience that highlights enjoyment, it is important to understand the relationship between player experience and pleasurable game play, not just in terms of game play, but also, with respect to the gaming platform. This study aims to examine the difference in player experience when playing a video game on a tablet versus a personal computer. By triangulating physiological data of emotional responses using galvanic skin response, heart rate, and subjective-feelings data of facets of player experience, this paper aims to determine whether player experience is affected by two different kinds of gaming input controls, a computer keyboard with mouse, and a tablet touchscreen. Data will be analyzed and reported in future work. This paper provides an overview of the literature survey and methodology.
Maritime Spatial Planning as Evolving Policy in Europe: Attitudes, Challenges and Trends

Maritime Spatial Planning (hereinafter mentioned as MSP) is developing and growing rapidly and constantly worldwide. It is acknowledged as a key instrument to balance sectoral interests and achieve sustainable use of marine resources with the ecosystem-based approach as the underpinning principle (EC, 2010). Nevertheless, there are different planning approaches and different levels of implementation of maritime/marine spatial planning (MSP) processes in the world. Among the plans implemented in Europe, and based on the planning processes developed, different aims for MSP can be noted which translate into either strategic, fully integrated, forward-looking and participative planning or “spatial optimisation” elements. On the other hand there are areas where MSP is in an immature phase and where mutual learning, improved governance or capacity building is needed, or areas where a strategic approach to facilitate coordination of MSP arrangements would be necessary. This paper addresses current MSP attitudes, challenges and future trends and discusses the MSP planning and management conceptual approaches, options and styles, mainly as defined through the European regulatory framework.
Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters That Predict Gait Function Based on Timed Up and Go Test Performance in the Hemiplegic Stroke Patients

The purpose of this study was to determine which spatiotemporal gait parameters obtained during hemiplegic walking could be a predictive factor for the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Two hundreds nine subjects who had suffered a stroke were recruited for this study. They were participated in two assessments; the TUG test and gait analysis. The relationship between the TUG test and spatiotemporal parameters was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. In addition, to predict the spatiotemporal gait parameters that correlated most with the TUG scores, we used multiple linear regression analyses (stepwise method). The results show that the normalized velocity was strongly correlated with the TUG performance (r=-. 72, p