Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subwavelength atom localization via amplitude and phase control of the absorption spectrum-II

We propose a scheme for subwavelength localization of an atom conditioned upon the absorption of a weak probe field at a particular frequency. Manipulating atom-field interaction on a certain transition by applying drive fields on nearby coupled transitions leads to interesting effects in the absorption spectrum of the weak probe field. We exploit this fact and employ a four-level system with three driving fields and a weak probe field, where one of the drive fields is a standing-wave field of a cavity. We show that the position of an atom along this standing wave is determined when probe-field absorption is measured. We find that absorption of the weak probe field at a certain frequency leads to subwavelength localization of the atom in either of the two half-wavelength regions of the cavity field by appropriate choice of the system parameters. We term this result as sub-half-wavelength localization to contrast it with the usual atom localization result of four peaks spread over one wavelength of the standing wave. We observe two localization peaks in either of the two half-wavelength regions along the cavity axis.
Individual Differences Associated with Emotional and Behavioral Responses to Ambiguous Social Situations in which Rejection Might be Inferred

ABSTRACT This study sought to examine the extent to which undergraduates' experiences with and attitudes relevant to rejection may be associated with their emotional and behavioral responses to ambiguous social situations in which rejection might be inferred. Undergraduate students completed questionnaires that assessed their experiences with and attitudes relevant to being rejected. Next, each participant read six hypothetical scenarios that described various situations that could be interpreted as interpersonal rejection. Following each scenario, participants completed questionnaires that assessed their emotional and behavioral responses to the hypothetical situation. Analyses revealed that the participants' experiences with rejection (and, to a lesser extent, their rejection-relevant attitudes) were associated with a negative emotional response and some negative behavioral responses. In sum, when another individual's interpersonal behavior has an uncertain intent, undergraduates' prior experiences with rejection may be especially important in determining the extent to which they feel and act as if they have been rejected.
A genetic programming-based approach to the classification of multiclass microarray datasets

MOTIVATION Feature selection approaches have been widely applied to deal with the small sample size problem in the analysis of micro-array datasets. For the multiclass problem, the proposed methods are based on the idea of selecting a gene subset to distinguish all classes. However, it will be more effective to solve a multiclass problem by splitting it into a set of two-class problems and solving each problem with a respective classification system. RESULTS We propose a genetic programming (GP)-based approach to analyze multiclass microarray datasets. Unlike the traditional GP, the individual proposed in this article consists of a set of small-scale ensembles, named as sub-ensemble (denoted by SE). Each SE consists of a set of trees. In application, a multiclass problem is divided into a set of two-class problems, each of which is tackled by a SE first. The SEs tackling the respective two-class problems are combined to construct a GP individual, so each individual can deal with a multiclass problem directly. Effective methods are proposed to solve the problems arising in the fusion of SEs, and a greedy algorithm is designed to keep high diversity in SEs. This GP is tested in five datasets. The results show that the proposed method effectively implements the feature selection and classification tasks.
The evolution of function in strictosidine synthase‐like proteins

The exponential growth of sequence data provides abundant information for the discovery of new enzyme reactions. Correctly annotating the functions of highly diverse proteins can be difficult, however, hindering use of this information. Global analysis of large superfamilies of related proteins is a powerful strategy for understanding the evolution of reactions by identifying catalytic commonalities and differences in reaction and substrate specificity, even when only a few members have been biochemically or structurally characterized. A comparison of >2500 sequences sharing the six‐bladed β‐propeller fold establishes sequence, structural, and functional links among the three subgroups of the functionally diverse N6P superfamily: the arylesterase‐like and senescence marker protein‐30/gluconolactonase/luciferin‐regenerating enzyme‐like (SGL) subgroups, representing enzymes that catalyze lactonase and related hydrolytic reactions, and the so‐called strictosidine synthase‐like (SSL) subgroup. Metal‐coordinating residues were identified as broadly conserved in the active sites of all three subgroups except for a few proteins from the SSL subgroup, which have been experimentally determined to catalyze the quite different strictosidine synthase (SS) reaction, a metal‐independent condensation reaction. Despite these differences, comparison of conserved catalytic features of the arylesterase‐like and SGL enzymes with the SSs identified similar structural and mechanistic attributes between the hydrolytic reactions catalyzed by the former and the condensation reaction catalyzed by SS. The results also suggest that despite their annotations, the great majority of these >500 SSL sequences do not catalyze the SS reaction; rather, they likely catalyze hydrolytic reactions typical of the other two subgroups instead. This prediction was confirmed experimentally for one of these proteins. Proteins 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Avian malaria in introduced, native and endemic New Zealand bird species in a mixed ecosystem.

Avian malaria, caused by Plasmodium spp. , has been reported as a cause of morbidity and mortality in New Zealand bird populations. The prevalence of Plasmodium lineages in the Waimarino Forest was evaluated in NZ robins (Petroica longipes), other passerines, blue ducks (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos), and brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli), using nested PCR. The presence of P. sp. lineage LINN1, P. (Huffia) elongatum lineage GRW06 and P. (Novyella) sp. lineage SYAT05 was demonstrated; Plasmodium (Haemamoeba) relictum lineage GRW4 was not found. The highest prevalence of infection was found in introduced European species (80.5%), followed by native (19%) and endemic species (3.5%), with a significant difference between these groups. All detected Plasmodium lineages have previously been identified in New Zealand and introduced species have been suggested as an important reservoir of infection. The results of this study will aid New Zealand conservation managers with disease risk management during bird translocations from the Waimarino forest.
Nested expectation propagation for Gaussian process classification

This paper considers probabilistic multinomial probit classification using Gaussian process (GP) priors. Challenges with multiclass GP classification are the integration over the non-Gaussian posterior distribution, and the increase of the number of unknown latent variables as the number of target classes grows. Expectation propagation (EP) has proven to be a very accurate method for approximate inference but the existing EP approaches for the multinomial probit GP classification rely on numerical quadratures, or independence assumptions between the latent values associated with different classes, to facilitate the computations. In this paper we propose a novel nested EP approach which does not require numerical quadratures, and approximates accurately all between-class posterior dependencies of the latent values, but still scales linearly in the number of classes. The predictive accuracy of the nested EP approach is compared to Laplace, variational Bayes, and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approximations with various benchmark data sets. In the experiments nested EP was the most consistent method compared to MCMC sampling, but in terms of classification accuracy the differences between all the methods were small from a practical point of view.
Multiband artificial magnetic conductors using stacked microstrip patch layers

A two-dimensional microstrip patch array with a conducting via connecting the center of each patch to ground has been proposed for an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). On the other hand, a microstrip patch array without vias has been shown to produce an AMC. This paper analyzes AMC structures with and without vias by using an effective medium model and finite difference time domain (FDTD) full-wave analysis method. The difference between the properties of these AMC structures is investigated in detail. Based on the results, we devised a multiband AMC structure having stacked microstrip patch layers. FDTD calculations and measurements were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the multiband AMC.
Molecular-dynamics study of detonation. II. The reaction mechanism.

Abstract : In this work, we investigate mechanisms of chemical reactions that sustain an unsupported detonation. The chemical model of an energetic crystal used in this study consists of heteronuclear diatomic molecules that, at ambient pressure, dissociate endothermically. Subsequent association of the products to form homonuclear diatomic molecules provides the energy release that sustains the detonation. A many body interaction is used to simulate changes in the electronic bonding as a function of local atomic environment The consequence of the many body interaction in this model is that the intramolecular bond is weakened with increasing density. The mechanism of reaction for this model was extracted by investigating the details of the molecular properties in the reaction zone with two dimensional molecular dynamics. The mechanism for initiation of reaction in this model is pressure induced atomization. There was no evidence of excitation of vibrational modes to dissociative states. This particular result is directly attributable to the functional form and choice of parameters for this model, but might also have more general applicability.
Design, synthesis, characterization and in‐vivo activity of a novel salmon calcitonin conjugate containing a novel PEG‐lipid moiety

Objectives The aim of the study was to explore (1) the synthesis of a novel poly(ethylene glycol) modified lipid (PEG‐lipid, PL) containing a chemically active tri‐block linker, ε‐maleimido lysine (Mal), and its conjugation with salmon calcitonin (sCT), and (2) the biophysical properties and activity of the resulting conjugate, Mal‐PL‐sCT, relative to the control, 2PEG‐Mal‐sCT, which comprises sCT conjugated with α‐palmitoyl‐N‐ε‐maleimido‐l‐lysine at cysteine 1 and cysteine 7, and PEG moieties at lysine 11 and lysine 18 via a conventional stepwise method.
An implantable green fluorescence imaging device using absorption filters with high excitation light rejection ratio

We have developed an implantable complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) imaging device for green fluorescence imaging to observe various neural activities of the mouse brain in a freely moving state. The device comprises a CMOS image sensor, blue LEDs as excitation light sources, and absorption filters to enable real-time green fluorescence imaging. To observe weak green fluorescence reactions such as that of green fluorescent protein (GFP), we achieved efficient excitation light rejection using a combination of dedicated absorption filters and achieved the detection of GFP positive cells from mouse brain slices. It is expected that high-sensitivity green fluorescence imaging of neural activities in a freely moving mouse will be possible using this technology.
Using Sensor Technology to Monitor Disruptive Behavior of Persons With Dementia

An anticipated increase in the number of people with dementia will lead to an escalation in health and social care spending unless it is altered by a major breakthrough in treatment or prevention. Behavioral symptoms associated with dementia (BSD) are some of the most difficult problems faced by caregivers. Several measurement issues have hampered the progress of timely intervention for BSD. Sensor technology may offer a solution to the early detection of BSD that will guide the development of tailored interventions. Similarly, a clinical conceptualization of BSD and its measurement issues can facilitate the engineering of sensor networks and algorithms for activity recognition. Multidisciplinary collaboration and the consideration of ethical issues will improve the adoption of these technologies in healthcare research.
Association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome : a meta-analysis from 12 case control studies

Objective: Numerous studies have evaluated the increased prevalence of comorbid diseases and risk factors in psoriatic patients, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome. Methods: Studies on the correlation between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome were identified by searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science databases from 1980 to March, 2016. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the strength of association. Results: 12 case control studies with a total of 3831 psoriasis patients were included in this metaanalysis. The results showed that metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in psoriasis patients than in controls. The odds ratio (OR) was 2.07 (95% CI: 1.61-2.67, random effect model). In addition, among these studies, 7 and 11 studies evaluated the correlation between psoriasis and obesity and hypertension, and the result demonstrated that higher prevalence was found in the psoriasis patients, the OR were 1.64 (95% CI: 1.08-2.47, random effect model) and 2.24 (95% CI: 1.62-3.10, random effect model), respectively. No significant publication bias was found in the studies. Conclusions: Patients with psoriasis have a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hypertension compared with the controls. However, more prospective, controlled and randomized studies still need to be performed in the future.
Reduced Sidelobe Four-Beam $N$-Element Antenna Arrays Fed by $4times N$ Butler Matrices

The paper presents reduced sidelobe four-beam antennas fed by modified Butler matrices. The goal is to show the limitations in sidelobe level reduction imposed by the use of lossless feeding networks. Novel concepts of six- and ten-element antenna arrays are proposed. Sidelobe level reduction has been achieved by increasing the number of radiating elements and by applying unequal split power dividers or directional couplers. The minimum achievable sidelobe level have been found for 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-element antenna arrays fed by lossless networks and compared with the one for antennas fed by lossy networks in which there is no constraints on radiating elements' amplitude distribution. Measured radiation patterns of three different four-beam antennas have been shown to validate the presented analyses
Transmission ofWireless Power in two-coil and four-coil systems using coupled mode theory

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems are considered as sophisticated alternatives for modern day wired power transmission. Resonance based wireless power delivery is an efficient technique to transfer power over a relatively long distance. This paper presents a summary of a two-coil wireless power transfer system with the design theory, detailed formulations and simulation results using the coupled mode theory (CMT). Further by using the same theory, it explains the four-coil wireless power transfer system and its comparison with the two-coil wireless transfer power system. A four-coil energy transfer system can be optimized to provide maximum efficiency at a given operating distance. Design steps to obtain an efficient power transfer system are presented and a design example is provided. Further, the concept of relay is described and how relay effect can allow more distant and flexible energy transmission is shown.
Detection of Isotype Switch Rearrangement in Bulk Culture by PCR

When a B lymphocyte changes from synthesizing IgM to synthesizing IgG, IgA, or IgE, this isotype switch is generally accompanied by a unique DNA rearrangement. The protocols in this unit describe two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based strategies for detecting switch rearrangements in bulk culture. The first involves direct PCR across the switch junctions, providing the opportunity for characterizing the recombination products by nucleotide sequence analysis; however, because of characteristics inherent to the PCR methodology this strategy cannot easily be used as a quantitative assay for recombination. A support protocol details the preparation of the 5' Su PCR probe for this protocol. The second basic protocol describes a method known as digestion‐circularization PCR (DCPCR) that is more amenable to quantitation but yields no information on structure of the recombination products. Both techniques should be capable of detecting reciprocal deletion circles as well as functional recombination products remaining on the expressed chromosome.
Logic synthesis for a single large look-up table

Logic synthesis for look-up tables (LUTs) has received much attention in the past few years, since Xilinx introduced its LUT-based field-programmable gate array (FPGA) architectures. An m-input LUT can implement any Boolean function of up to m inputs. So the goal of synthesis for such architectures has been to synthesize a circuit in which each function can be implemented by one m-LUT such that either the total number of functions or the number of levels of the circuit is minimized. In this work, we focus on a different though related problem: synthesize the given circuit on a single memory or LUT L, which has a capacity of M bits. In addition to satisfying the memory constraint M, we also wish to minimize the total number of functions to be implemented. The main motivation for the problem comes from the problem of minimizing the simulation time on a hardware accelerator for logic simulation. This accelerator uses memory as a logic primitive. In fact, the problem is also relevant in the context of compile-code or software simulation. Another situation where the problem arises is in synthesis for the FPGA architectures being proposed that have on-chip memory for storing programs and data. The unused memory locations can be used to store logic functions. We show that the existing LUT synthesis methods are inadequate to solve this problem. We propose techniques to solve the problem and present experimental evidence to demonstrate their effectiveness.
Safe Resection of Arteriovenous Malformations in Eloquent Motor Areas Aided by Functional Imaging and Intraoperative Monitoring

BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) proximal to motor cortical areas or motor projection systems are challenging to manage because of the risk of severe sensory and motor impairment. Surgical indication in these cases therefore remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To propose a standardized approach for centrally situated AVMs based on functional imaging and intraoperative electrophysiological evaluation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 15 patients who underwent surgical treatment for AVMs in motor cortical areas or proximal to motor projections. Preoperative assessment included functional magnetic resonance and 3-dimensional tractography. Operations were performed under continuous electrophysiological monitoring aided by direct brain stimulation. We identified critical bloody supply to the motor areas by temporary occluding the feeding vessels under electrophysiological monitoring. Clinical outcome was evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale. RESULTS: Total resection was achieved in 12 cases, whereas electrophysiology limited total extirpation in 3 cases. A significant reduction of motor evoked potentials by up to 15% of the initial values was associated with good recovery of motor function; in contrast, the disappearance of potentials correlated with long-term impairment. The mean follow-up time was 13 months, and clinical assessments revealed overall functional improvement (P < .05). After surgery, 11 patients were asymptomatic or presented with only minor neurological deficits. CONCLUSION: Surgical resection of AVMs in eloquent motor areas can be considered a safe option for selected cases when performed in conjunction with a detailed functional assessment. Possible selection criteria for surgical treatment are discussed in light of the presented clinical data. ABBREVIATIONS: AVM, arteriovenous malformation DSA, digital subtraction angiography DTI, diffusion tensor imaging fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging MEP, motor evoked potential mRS, modified Rankin Scale SEP, somatosensory evoked potential
CYP1A1 and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms in SCC of the larynx

The present study was undertaken to examine CYP1A1 and XRCC1 polymorphisms as potential genetic susceptibility markers for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Eighty-eight patients with laryngeal SCC and 178 randomly selected healthy blood donors from the same Caucasian population (Porto, Northern Portugal) were analysed for CYP1A1 (MspI and NcoI) and XRCC1 (Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln) polymorphisms, using PCR-RFLP techniques. CYP1A1 MspI MH (mutant homozygous) and CYP1A1 NcoI HT (heterozygous) genotypes were more frequent in patients than in controls, with those carrying a CYP1A1 NcoI HT genotype having a 2.3-fold higher risk for tumour development. On the other hand, polymorphisms in XRCC1 codon 399 and codon 194 do not seem to play a role in the aetiology of smoking-related laryngeal SCC, once its distribution was similar in both analysed groups. All the significant associations observed were exclusively due to differences between controls and larynx glottic cancer patient subgroup. Furthermore, lower lifetime tobacco consumption was observed in laryngeal SCC patients carrying the MspI and NcoI polymorphisms, than in those who did not show the polymorphic variants. This investigation seems to support the importance of CYP1A1 gene polymorphism as a potential genetic marker of laryngeal cancer development, specially concerning smokers who have inherited the at-risk genotypes CYP1A1 MspI MH or CYP1A1 NcoI HT, who do appear to be more susceptible to the development of SCC of the glottic larynx.
Epidemiological study of constipation and other gastrointestinal symptoms in 8000 children.

AIM Adult studies indicate that gastrointestinal symptoms vary with sex and socioeconomic status. We examined socioeconomic factors, infant sex, smoking and gastrointestinal symptoms, especially constipation, in 2.5 year-old children. METHODS This study was part of a prospective cohort study of children born 01.10. 97-01.10. 99 (the ABIS study; All Babies in Southeast Sweden). Socioeconomic factors, infant sex, smoking were analyzed vs. constipation, diarrhoea, anorexia, abdominal pain, meteorism and vomiting using logistic regression. All data were obtained through questionnaires distributed at infant birth, at 1 and 2.5 years of age. RESULTS Out of 8341 children, 539 (6.5%) suffered from constipation. In a backward stepwise regression analysis (AOR; and 95% CI AOR = are given within brackets), constipation correlated with low maternal education (1.60; 1.08-2.35), female sex (1.52; 1.23-1.85), living in a large community with >3000 inhabitants (1.35; 1.09-1.64) and having no older siblings (1.28; 1.04-1.59). Smoking during pregnancy was linked to diarrhoea (multivariate analysis: 1.76; 1.02-3.02), anorexia (univariate analysis: 1.43; 1.09-1.87) and meteorism (univariate analysis: 1.58; 1.11-2.27). Adjusting for confounders, paracetamol use was linked to a five-fold increased risk of anorexia (5.12; 1.26-20.70). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that socioeconomic status, infant sex and parental smoking, are associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in children.