Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Se p 20 06 Phantom cosmology as a scattering process

We study the general chaotic features of dynamics of the phantom field modelled in terms of a single scalar field coupled conformally to gravity. We demonstrate that the dynamics of the FRW model with dark energy in the form of phantom field can be regarded as a scattering process of two types: multiple chaotic and classical non-chaotic. It depends whether the spontaneously symmetry breaking takes place. In the first class of models with the spontaneously symmetry breaking the dynamics is similar to the Yang-Mills theory. We find the evidence of a fractal structure in the phase space of initial conditions. We observe similarities to the phenomenon of a multiple scattering process around the origin. In turn the class of models without the spontaneously symmetry breaking can be described as the classical non-chaotic scattering process and the methods of symbolic dynamic are also used in this case. We show that the phantom cosmology can be treated as a simple model with scattering of trajectories which character depends crucially on a sign of a square of mass. We demonstrate that there is a possibility of chaotic behaviour in the flat universe with a conformally coupled phantom field in the system considered on non-zero energy level.
2 Geotagging in Social Networks and Sharing Websites

The amount of information that people share on social networks is constantly increasing. People also comment, annotate, and tag their own content (videos, photos, notes, etc.), as well as the content of others. In many cases, the content is tagged manually. One way to make this time-consuming manual tagging process more efficient is to propagate tags from a small set of tagged images to the larger set of untagged images automatically. In such a scenario, however, a wrong or a spam tag can damage the integrity and reliability of the automated propagation system. Users may make mistakes in tagging, or irrelevant tags and content may be added maliciously for advertisement or self-promotion. Therefore, a certain mechanism insuring the trustworthiness of users or published content is needed. In this chapter, we discuss several image retrieval methods based on tags, various approaches to trust modeling and spam protection in social networks, and trust modeling in geotagging systems. We then consider a specific example of automated geotag propagation system that adopts a user trust model. The tag propagation in images relies on the similarity between image content (famous landmarks) and its context (associated geotags). For each tagged image, similar untagged images are found by the robust graph-based object duplicate detection, and the known tags are propagated accordingly. The user trust value is estimated based on a social feedback from the users of the photo-sharing system, and only tags from trusted users are propagated. This approach demonstrates that a practical tagging system significantly benefits from the intelligent combination of efficient propagation algorithm and a user-centered trust model. I. Ivanov ( ) • P. Vajda • P. Korshunov • T. Ebrahimi Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland e-mail: ivan.ivanov@epfl.ch; peter.vajda@epfl.ch; pavel.korshunov@epfl.ch; touradj.ebrahimi@epfl.ch J.-S. Lee School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon 406-840, South Korea e-mail: jong-seok.lee@yonsei.ac. kr N. Ramzan et al. (eds.), Social Media Retrieval, Computer Communications and Networks, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4555-4 13, © Springer-Verlag London 2013 283 284 I. Ivanov et al.
SpaceWire: a spacecraft onboard network for real-time communications

SpaceWire is a real-time communications network for use onboard spacecraft. It has been designed to connect together sensors, mass-memories, processing units, and downlink telemetry sub-systems onboard a spacecraft into a lightweight, high-performance data-handling network. This paper provides an introduction to SpaceWire and the SpaceWire standard. It describes the key features of SpaceWire and gives an overview of several radiation tolerant chips that are being developed to support the use of SpaceWire. The many current and planned space missions that are using or plan to use SpaceWire for onboard data-handling are also introduced
Above-ground biomass estimation in closed canopy Neotropical forests using lidar remote sensing: factors affecting the generality of relationships

Aim Previous studies have developed strong, site-specific relationships between canopy metrics from lidar (light detecting and ranging) remote sensing data and forest structural characteristics such as above-ground biomass (AGBM), but the generality of these relationships is unknown. In this study, we examine the generality of relationships between lidar metrics and forest structural characteristics, including AGBM, from two study areas in Central America with different precipitation patterns. Location A series of tropical moist forest sites in Panama and a tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. Methods Canopy metrics (e.g. canopy height) were calculated from airborne lidar data. Basal area, mean stem diameter and AGBM were calculated from measurements taken as a part of ongoing forest dynamics studies in both areas. We examined the generality of relationship between lidar metrics and forest structure, and possible environmental effects (e.g. leaf phenology). Results We found that lidar metrics were strongly correlated ( R 2 : 0.65‐0.92) with mean stem diameter, basal area and AGBM in both regions. We also show that the relationships differed between these regions. Deciduousness of canopy trees in the tropical moist forest area accounted for the differences in predictive equations for stem diameter and basal area. The relationships between lidar metrics and AGBM, however, remained significantly different between the two study areas even after adjusting for leaf drop. We attribute this to significant differences in the underlying allometric relationships between stem diameter and AGBM in tropical wet and moist forests. Conclusions Important forest structural characteristics can be estimated reliably across a variety of conditions sampled in these closed-canopy tropical forests. Environmental factors such as drought deciduousness have an important influence on these relationships. Future efforts should continue to examine climatic factors that may influence the generality of the relationships between lidar metrics and forest structural characteristics and assess more rigorously the generality of field-derived allometric relationships.
A Tool for Automatic Index Selection in Database Management Systems

A task commonly undertaken by database administrators to speed up the performance of commands submitted to a DBMS is the selection of indexes for the tables. This paper introduces the concept of how to use the Database Management System (DBMS) Optimizer to select their own indexes. We introduce a heuristic to guide the index selection process, which is implemented by a tool called AISIO that runs integrated to the DBMS. Our tool captures Structured Query Language (SQL) statements submitted to the DBMS, analyzes them and, based on the implemented heuristic and on the DBMS Optimizer statistics, recommends which indexes could potentially optimize the performance of those transactions. The tool also provides a measure of the performance gains obtained from the use of the recommended indexes. To illustrate our tool, we integrate it to the PostgreSQL DBMS and experimental results are presented to evidence our contributions.
Thrombosis in myelofibrosis: prior thrombosis is the only predictive factor and most venous events are provoked

In a retrospective analysis of 205 patients (median age 62 years) with primary myelofibrosis and known JAK2V617F mutational status, 13.2% experienced a vaso-occlusive event at or prior to their diagnosis. After a median follow up of 31 months, post-diagnosis thrombosis occurred in 22 patients (10.7%), including 9 (4.4%) and 16 (7.8%) patients with a total of 9 arterial and 24 venous events, respectively. The majority (71%) of the venous events were temporally associated with other exogenous risk factors for thrombosis such as surgery, line placement or hormonal therapy. On multivariable analysis that included age, JAK2V617F mutation status and leukocyte count as covariates, history of thrombosis was the only predictive variable in general (P=0.04) or when arterial (P=0.007) and venous (P=0.02) thromboses were analyzed separately. The current study demonstrates a higher prevalence of venous, as opposed to arterial, events in PMF, post-diagnosis, and clarifies their nature as being mostly provoked.
Lyme disease spirochetes and ixodid tick spirochetes share a common surface antigenic determinant defined by a monoclonal antibody

Ixodid tick-associated spirochetes have been implicated as the etiological agents of Lyme disease. We raised a murine monoclonal antibody (H5332) against a spirochete, strain B31, isolated from Ixodes dammini ticks. In indirect immunofluorescence assays and western blot analyses, H5332 reacted with whole cells or isolated components of not only strain B31 but also spirochetes isolated from Ixodes ricinus ticks, a field mouse, a raccoon, and patients with Lyme disease. In contrast, H5332 did not bind to representative borreliae, treponemes, and leptospires. Using indirect immunofluorescence assays and immune electron microscopy, we found the H5332 determinant to be diffusely distributed over the surface of prefixed spirochetes but to be aggregated in patches when the organisms were incubated with H5332 and a second ligand before fixation. Radioimmunoprecipitation and western blot studies revealed the H5332 determinant to be either on or tightly associated with an abundant outer membrane protein with an apparent subunit molecular weight of 31,000.
Rationale for osteotome selection in rhinoplasty

Proper selection of an osteotome for nasal osteotomy is important for minimizing soft tissue trauma. Radiographic analysis of the facial bony lateral wall thickness was performed to suggest a guideline for an appropriate osteotome size for Asians. Facial bone computed tomography (CT) of 100 patients (50 male, 50 female) were studied. The thickness of the facial bony lateral wall at three points along the track of a lateral osteotomy, and two points along the track of a medial osteotomy and intermediate osteotomy were measured. The average bony thickness along the track of a lateral osteotomy was 2.61 ± 0.66 mm at the low level, 2.75 ± 0.76 mm at the middle level, and 2.72 ± 0.53 mm at the high level in subjects. The average bony thickness along the track of an intermediate osteotomy were 1.26 ± 0.34 mm at the low level, and 1.31 ± 0.32 mm at the high level in the subjects. The average bony thickness along the track of the medial osteotomy were 2.54 ± 0.31 mm at the lowlevel, and 2.77 ± 0.30 mm at the high level in subjects. These results may provide a guideline for choosing an osteotome of appropriate size for the Asian population.
Delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in early knee osteoarthritis

Delayed contrast‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is a noninvasive technique to study cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in vivo. This study evaluates dGEMRIC in patients with preradiographic degenerative cartilage changes. Seventeen knees in 15 patients (age 35–70) with arthroscopically verified cartilage changes (softening and fibrillations) in the medial or lateral femoral compartment, knee pain, and normal weight‐bearing radiography were included. MRI (1.5 T) was performed precontrast and at 1.5 and 3 hr after an intravenous injection of Gd‐DTPA2− at 0.3 mmol/kg body weight. T1 measurements were made in regions of interest in medial and lateral femoral cartilage using sets of five turbo inversion recovery images. Precontrast, R1 (R1 = 1/T1, 1/s) was slightly lower in diseased compared to reference compartment, indicating increased hydration (P = 0.01). Postcontrast, R1 was higher in diseased than in reference compartment at 1.5 hr, 3.45 ± 0.90 and 2.64 ± 0.58 (mean ± SD), respectively (P < 0.01), as well as at 3 hr, 2.94 ± 0.60 and 2.50 ± 0.37, respectively (P = 0.01). The washout of the contrast medium was faster in diseased cartilage as shown by a higher R1 at 1.5 than at 3 hr in the diseased but not in the reference compartment. In conclusion, dGEMRIC can identify GAG loss in early stage cartilage disease with a higher sensitivity at 1.5 than 3 hr. Magn Reson Med 49:488–492, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving Hypertension Control: Impact of Computer Feedback and Physician Education

Two interventions designed to help physicians manage hypertensive patients were evaluated in a controlled trial: 1) computer-generated feedback to facilitate identification of poorly controlled patients; and 2) a physician education program on clinical management strategies, emphasizing patient compliance. Four physician practice teams received either computer feedback, the education program, both, or neither. Feedback team physicians received seven monthly listings of the latest visits and blood pressures of their hypertensive patients. The self-administered learning program included written clinical simulations and associated didactic material. Experimental and control physicians were similar in baseline knowledge, patient mix and level of training. All feedback team physicians requested appointments for listed patients, and their patients made twice as many visits as control patients during the intervention period (p < 0.05). Education team physicians showed significant gains on a content-specific post-intervention test: mean score 84 per cent compared with 74 per cent for the control group (p < 0.005). All patient groups showed improvement in blood pressure over the study period. However, no differences between intervention teams could be detected (p > 0.20). The probability of missing a 10 mm interteam difference in outcome diastolic pressure was 1 per cent (power of 0.99). Strategies for further improvement in outpatient hypertension management may need to come from outside the traditional medical model.
Photoperiodism in Neurospora Crassa

Plants and animals use day or night length for seasonal control of reproduction and other biological functions. Overwhelming evidence suggests that this photoperiodic mechanism relies on a functional circadian system. Recent progress has defined how flowering time in plants is regulated by photoperiodic control of output pathways, but the underlying mechanisms of photoperiodism remain to be described. The authors investigate photoperiodism in a genetic model system for circadian rhythms research, Neurospora crassa. They find that both propagation and reproduction respond systematically to photoperiod. Furthermore, a nonreproductive light-regulated function is also enhanced under certain photoperiodic conditions. All of these photoperiodic responses require a functional circadian clock, in that they are absent in a clock mutant. Night break experiments show that measuring night length is one of the mechanisms used for photoperiod assessment. This represents the first formal report of photoperiodism in the fungi.
Soluble interleukin‐6 receptor as a prognostic factor in multiple myeloma

Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a major growth factor for the clonal malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma (MM). The effect of IL‐6 may be enhanced by soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R). As there is a clinical need for improved stratification of MM patients at diagnosis, we have studied the role of sIL‐6R as a prognostic marker in 207 newly diagnosed MM patients. Serum sIL‐6R concentration was above the upper reference limit in 47% of the patients at diagnosis. The concentrations of sIL‐6R and two other prognostic factors, IL‐6 and β‐2 microglobulin (β2M), were all significantly higher in the patients who died within 3 years compared with those who survived. However, serum sIL‐6R did not show linear correlation with IL‐6 or β2M levels. In univariate logistic regression analysis sIL‐6R was a significant predictor of 3‐year mortality. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that raised levels of sIL‐6R were associated with shorter survival. When the patients were stratified into four groups according to their serum IL‐6 and sIL‐6R levels, the patients with normal serum levels of both parameters had clear survival benefit. As β2M was the most powerful prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis, the patients were also stratified according to their serum β2M and sIL‐6R levels. The patients with raised levels of both β2M and sIL‐6R had shorter survival than the patients in the other three groups. Thus, measurement of these parameters at diagnosis would help to stratify MM patients.
Remarks on the Tate Conjecture for beginners

The pair of conjectures of Tate, called T1 and T2 below, are of great importance. They provide analogues of two other famous conjectures, namely the Hodge Conjecture, which is a prediction in Complex Geometry, and the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture, which is a centrepiece of Number theory. This dual aspect is what makes the Tate conjecture central and also very difficult to solve in general. After stating the conjectures, I will discuss them for the special case of a product of an elliptic curve E with itself. First the geometric aspect. Let X be a smooth projective variety over the complex numbers C. The simplest example of X is the projective space P , whose points are represented by non-zero vectors x = (x0, x1, . . . , xN) in C where x is identified with λx for any scalar λ; it is also the image of the (real) (2N − 1)-dimensional sphere S2N−1 under the antipodal map. More generally, X is cut out in P by a finite number of homogeneous polynomials fi(x), 1 ≤ i ≤ r. In other words, X is the set of simultaneous solutions, up to scaling, of these polynomials. We also want it to be smooth, i.e., without any corners or folds (which can be checked by a Jacobian condition). Then, under the complex topology, X becomes a compact complex manifold, equipped with a Kḧler metric, of certain dimension d. When the polynomials form an independent system, d would be N − r. When r = 1 we get a hypersurface (prime divisor), and this is already interesting for N = 2, as X would be a complex algebraic curve. (It is a real surface! ) Of fundamental importance are the (singular) cohomology groups H(X,C) of dimension bj, which vanish if j 6∈ [0, 2d], with b0 = b2d = 1. There is a duality relating H to H2d−j, and moreover, there is a Hodge decomposition H(X,C) = ⊕p=0H(X), where H(X) is generated by differential forms ω which are locally of the form ξdzI ∧ dzJ with |I| = p, |J | = q; in other words this differential form
Oxidative DNA damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes is associated with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cellular macromolecules. The aim of the study was to detect oxidative DNA damage in type 2 diabetic patients using the comet assay, and to study the relationship between DNA damage and hyperglycemia lipid profile in diabetic patients. The study population consisted of 28 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 25 healthy volunteers, age and sex matched with the patients, as controls. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed in patients and controls. Comet assay was used to detect DNA damage. The percent of DNA damage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher in diabetic patients (32.6±25.2) compared to healthy controls (3.7±1.3) (p<0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation of DNA damage with fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin, but not with serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c and LDL-c. In conclusion, type 2 diabetic patients have more oxidative DNA damage than normal controls and poor glycemic control may aggravate this damage. Dyslipidemia is not a contributing factor for DNA damage in diabetes.
High and selective resistance to mecillinam in adenylate cyclase-deficient or cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli

Adenylate cyclase-deficient (cya) mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 were selectively and highly resistant to mecillinam (FL1060) among several beta-lactam antibiotics in the absence of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). They became sensitive to the drug in the presence of cAMP. Also, cAMP receptor protein-negative (crp) mutants, with the exception of strain 5333, were highly resistant to mecillinam in the presence and in the absence of cAMP. Mecillinam exerted two distinct and sequential effects in both cya+ strains and cya strains supplemented with cAMP: (i) rounding of cells and (ii) cessation of cell division. The first effect was accompanied by a decrease in growth rate, whereas the second effect was accompanied by enlargement and lysis of the rounded cells. The second effect of mecillinam was dependent on inoculum size and cAMP. When the cell density was above about 10(6) cells per ml, the rounded cells stopped dividing but did not lyse. In the absence of cAMP, cya strains neither stopped dividing nor lysed; they were resistant to the second, lethal effect of mecillinam.
A 512kb 8T SRAM macro operating down to 0.57V with an AC-coupled sense amplifier and embedded data-retention-voltage sensor in 45nm SOI CMOS

There is a need for large embedded memory that operates over a wide range of supply voltage compatible with the limits of static CMOS logic that also minimizes standby power [1,2]. A 512kb 8T SRAM macro in 45nm SOI CMOS is developed as a building block for this application. It addresses the design challenges related to area efficiency and process variation with three contributions: 1) an AC coupled sense amplifier (ACSA) that operates at a power supply ultimately limited by the worst-case bit line on/off current ratio; 2) area efficient, regenerative driving of long data lines to permit bidirectional signaling on a single metal 4 wiring track on the memory cell column pitch; 3) a data retention voltage (DRV) sensor to determine the mismatch-limited minimum standby supply voltage without corrupting the contents of the memory.
Influence of heat stress on human monocyte‐derived dendritic cell functions with immunotherapeutic potential for antitumor vaccines

Mild heat stress can modulate the activities of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DC) and theoretically, would constitute an innovative approach capable of enhancing the antitumor functions of DC. Therefore, we tested the effects of mild heat stress on the physiology and viability of human monocyte‐derived DC, the major type of DC used in tumor immunotherapy trials. We first designed a heat‐stress protocol consisting of repetitive, sublethal heat shocks throughout the generation of DC. Using this protocol, we observed that heat stress did not perturb the morphology and the phenotype of immature or mature DC or the capacities of immature DC to uptake antigens efficiently. It is noteworthy that in response to heat stress, mature DC produced higher levels of IL‐12p70 and TNF‐α, which are two cytokines involved in the stimulation of inflammatory reaction, whereas IL‐10 production remained low. After heat‐stress exposure, mature DC have the full ability to stimulate naive T cells with Th1 response polarization (high IFN‐γ and low IL‐4 production) in an allogeneic MLR. It is interesting that heat stress enhanced the migratory capacities of DC in response to MIP‐3β/CCL19. Finally, heat stress partly protected DC from apoptosis induced by cytokine withdrawal. Overall, these findings validate the feasibility of improving immune response by heating human monocyte‐derived DC and provide a strong rationale for using mild heat stress in combination with DC vaccination to increase antitumor response.