Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change

Increased concentrations of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) since preindustrial times reflect increased emissions, but also contributions of past climate change. Here we use modeled concentrations from an ensemble of chemistry–climate models to estimate the global burden of anthropogenic outdoor air pollution on present-day premature human mortality, and the component of that burden attributable to past climate change. Using simulated concentrations for 2000 and 1850 and concentration–response functions (CRFs), we estimate that, at present, 470 000 (95% confidence interval, 140 000 to 900 000) premature respiratory deaths are associated globally and annually with anthropogenic ozone, and 2.1 (1.3 to 3.0) million deaths with anthropogenic PM2.5-related cardiopulmonary diseases (93%) and lung cancer (7%). These estimates are smaller than ones from previous studies because we use modeled 1850 air pollution rather than a counterfactual low concentration, and because of different emissions. Uncertainty in CRFs contributes more to overall uncertainty than the spread of model results. Mortality attributed to the effects of past climate change on air quality is considerably smaller than the global burden: 1500 (−20 000 to 27 000) deaths yr−1 due to ozone and 2200 (−350 000 to 140 000) due to PM2.5. The small multi-model means are coincidental, as there are larger ranges of results for individual models, reflected in the large uncertainties, with some models suggesting that past climate change has reduced air pollution mortality.
The Anatomic Structure of Pulmonary Arteries as a Source of Unreliability in Thermodilution Cardiac Output Measurement

One of the most fundamental examination in intensive care medicine is cardiac output measurement, realized by pulmonary artery catherization. The thermodilution cardiac output estimation method is not resistant to various kinds of disturbances, which significantly decreases its sensitivity and specificity. The paper depicts investigations related to analysis of presumable new source of unreliability – asymmetric blood flow through pulmonary vessels. The investigations consisted of two phases: clinical examination (to obtain anatomical data) and computer modeling (to simulate the flow symmetry).
Development and content validation of the Multifactoral assessment of perceived social support (MAPSS), a brief, patient-reported measure of social support for use in HIV care

ABSTRACT Low perceived social support (SS) negatively impacts health outcomes. We developed a measure of perceived SS for use in HIV care. We sought and categorized legacy items, selecting strongest items within categories. We elicited SS concepts from patients in English/Spanish, coded transcripts to match item pool content, and developed new items for salient unrepresented content. In focus groups, patients prioritized highly-matched items. We conducted cognitive interviews on high-priority items, and validity testing on final items against two legacy measures. From interviews (n = 32), we matched the following concepts: sense of belonging/inclusion; communication; emotional support; feeling accepted by others as a person; companionship; and practical support. We identified a new concept: support from friends/family in remaining healthy. Focus groups (n = 23) prioritized emotional support, communication, and support to remain healthy. Cognitive interviews (n = 30) found items were well-understood. The final 8-item measure performed well with patients (n = 708), with good construct validity. We used an Item Response Theory program to create a 3-item Short Form version of the measure, which captures 96% of patients indicating low social support. We developed the Multifactoral Assessment of Perceived Social Support (MAPSS) and Short Form (MAPSS-SF); brief, clinically relevant, sufficiently unidimensional measures of SS for use in HIV care.
Valuing Rural Landscape Attribute for Improvements Langkawi Cultural Landscape

A B S T R A C T Background: In Malaysia, rural is still consider not the core element in the cultural landscape conservation. Over the centuries, rural landscapes have undergone many changes due to profound shifts in cultural, institutional and economic relationships with nature. Thus, the values and meanings of landscapes are evolving and being constantly reinterpreted. Objectives: The paper presents a modelling approach to visualize the multitude of rural landscape service supply as a function of changing landscapes and societal demand. The study applies the choice modeling technique and on also focus group discussions. Results: Six levels of rural landscape attribute were classified such landscape and access, traditional element, malay vernarcular house design, social value, character of surrounding land and a monetary attribute (donation for conservation). Conclusion: As culture and heritage are key motivators for tourists, this research will contribute towards to protection and conservation of natural resources, landscape assets and heritage.
of the Third International Workshop on Document Layout Interpretation and its Applications ( DLIA 2003 ) co-located with ICDAR 2003 Edinburgh , Scotland

Boeing has hundreds of millions of pages of process specifications. design specifications. maintenance documentation, internal control documents. and standards. Much of the information contained in these documents is in the form of tables, technical illustrations and other formats with recognizable layout characteristics. More and more, Boeing and the aerospace industry depend upon the correct interpretation of the information contained in these documents and rely on systems that aid in human understanding of that information. This paper discusses several specific examples where automatic interpretation and understanding of documents is critical to efficient and accurate aircraft manufacturing and maintenance
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Prison: Experiences of Inmates, Instructors, and Prison Staff

Mindfulness intervention aims to reduce stress and to improve physical and mental health. The present study investigated feasibility and effectiveness of mindfulness intervention in a prison context, in both a qualitative and quantitative fashion. Specifically, the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention was investigated, in a retrospective pre–post design, in five Dutch prisons. Twenty-two inmates (out of 25 approached, mean age: 40.1 years (SD = 11.1), convicted of murder, manslaughter, sexual offenses, drug offenses, robbery with violence, and/or illegal restraint/kidnap, and sentenced to incarceration between 15 and 209 months (M = 5.5 years; SD = 3.8) took part in a semistructured interview after completion of the MBSR intervention. The interviews addressed level of satisfaction and challenges regarding the MBSR intervention as well as potential effects on stress responsivity, coping style, impulse control, aggression, and self-esteem. Ten staff members and four MBSR instructors were interviewed about their own practical issues experienced while providing or facilitating the MBSR intervention, and about the effects or changes they observed in the inmates who underwent the intervention. Both participants and instructors/prison staff reported improvements in all of the addressed domains and expressed satisfaction with the intervention. Challenges were mainly identified in practical issues regarding the organization of the intervention sessions. Future studies should investigate mindfulness in longitudinal randomly controlled designs, should strive for a multi-method approach, and distinguish inmates according to personality characteristics.
Regulated Phosphosignaling Associated with Breast Cancer Subtypes and Druggability*

Phosphorylation of substrate proteins by kinases regulates signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms. Aberrant signaling is a hallmark of cancer. We investigated quantitative associations between kinase-substrate pairs of more than 30 thousand phosphorylation sites in breast tumors and xenografts, finding auto-phosphorylating kinases and kinase-substrate pairs associated with specific cancer subtypes, druggable targets, and ones that show clinically-related or immune signatures. Our study connects driver kinases to their signaling effects toward informing rational targeted treatments of individual breast tumors. Graphical Abstract Highlights Our search identifies 2,134 kinase-substrate phosphosite pairs in breast cancer. CDKs and MAPKs are dominant regulators of trans substrate-phosphorylation. Druggability, outcomes, and immune signatures related to kinase-substrates. Experimentally validated activated phosphosites of ERBB2, EIF4EBP1, and EGFR. Aberrant phospho-signaling is a hallmark of cancer. We investigated kinase-substrate regulation of 33,239 phosphorylation sites (phosphosites) in 77 breast tumors and 24 breast cancer xenografts. Our search discovered 2134 quantitatively correlated kinase-phosphosite pairs, enriching for and extending experimental or binding-motif predictions. Among the 91 kinases with auto-phosphorylation, elevated EGFR, ERBB2, PRKG1, and WNK1 phosphosignaling were enriched in basal, HER2-E, Luminal A, and Luminal B breast cancers, respectively, revealing subtype-specific regulation. CDKs, MAPKs, and ataxia-telangiectasia proteins were dominant, master regulators of substrate-phosphorylation, whose activities are not captured by genomic evidence. We unveiled phospho-signaling and druggable targets from 113 kinase-substrate pairs and cascades downstream of kinases, including AKT1, BRAF and EGFR. We further identified kinase-substrate-pairs associated with clinical or immune signatures and experimentally validated activated phosphosites of ERBB2, EIF4EBP1, and EGFR. Overall, kinase-substrate regulation revealed by the largest unbiased global phosphorylation data to date connects driver events to their signaling effects.
A global perspective for non-conservative dynamics Une perspective globale pour la dynamique non-conservativ

Since Poincaré’s fundamental work on the qualitative study of differential equations in 1881, the viewpoint of pursu description of the long range behavior of trajectories for “most” systems has been somewhat present in dynamics. Ab decades later, Smale was aiming exactly at that purpose when he introduced in the early sixties the concept of h systems, which turns out to correspond to a large class of robust systems that gave rise to a basic theory of modern Yet, hyperbolic systems are not typical since not every system can be approximated by a hyperbolic one, as can b the famous example of the butterfly attractor provided by Lorenz, which is not hyperbolic and still robust or totally pe under small perturbations of the initial flow. A string of other counter-examples were constructed in the late sixties a seventies, and is to be noticed that all of them are related to cycles in dynamics, introduced by Poincaré, which will be here. In the present paper, we wish to provide some perspective about this major question, proposing in qualitative te could be the main characteristics of a typical system. Indeed, we shall discuss partial successes and a possible s proving a global conjecture on the finitude of large basin attractors and their stochastic stability for non-conservative d i.e. Cr flows, diffeomorphisms, and transformations of compact, boundaryless manifolds or the interval, r 1. We shall also impose the union of the attracting basins to have total probability in the ambient space (phase space). Thus, the a conjecture is a description in a rather simple conceptual way of the long range behavior of a typical (positive) trajec typical dynamical system: each trajectory has only finitely many choices (of attractors) where to accumulate upon in th We discuss some recent related results, including homoclinic bifurcations, dynamical robustness and persistence, systems with a dominated or partially hyperbolic decomposition. My perspective is that we should expect, no so long in the future, substantial progress about the main and some of conjectures in this paper in the C1 topology context and for one-dimensional dynamics, as conveyed in the introduction. difficulty in higher dimensions and the Cr topology,r > 1, arises from the question whether densely, in the space of conservative dynamics, the systems display a dense subset of periodic orbits in their limit or nonwandering set. The E-mail address:jpalis@impa.br (J. Palis). 1 Partially supported by CNPq-Brazil and FAPERJ. 0294-1449/$ – see front matter  2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.anihpc. 2005.01. 001 486 J. Palis / Ann. I. H. Poincaré – AN 22 (2005) 485–507
THE BAYESIAN RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVE - AN EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO EVALUATE THE IDS PERFORMANCE

The aim of intrusion detection systems is to protect the computer networks from attacks or unauthorized access to their valuable resources. For that purpose they have to perform real-time processing of current system activity and make a decision whether the pattern is normal or intrusive. The present paper is an extension to our previous work, which presented an anomaly-based IDS model, based on some decoding algorithms. It introduces the evaluation of the proposed methodology, using the Bayesian Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve.
Causes of delayed hospital discharge among adult clients: a scoping review

Objective: To map the existing evidence on the causes of hospital discharge delays among adult clients. Methods: A scoping review was conducted. We searched in the Ebscohost’ plataform, in PubMed, and in grey literature, consulting the bibliographic references of the documents found. Results: From the 22 articles analyzed it was verified that the delay in hospital discharge is due to causes related to community resources, namely the lack of vacancies in health units, and social reasons; to organizational causes related to health care; to individual causes, standing out family and financial issues; culminating in organizational causes related to hospital management. Conclusion: The delay in hospital discharge is multifactorial. It’s necessary to monitor the hospitalization process, focusing on early discharge planning.
Three Phase Symmetrical Multilevel Inverter Design for Renewable Energy Applications

In this paper a new three phase symmetrical multilevel converter for grid connected system using PV source. The renewable energy sources are application of the distributed generation (DG) in the distribution system acquired more attention . The Distribution generation systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems, and batteries. PV distributed system in which the solar source is low dc input voltage interfaced to grid using front-end conversion. Three phase Cascaded H-Bridge Seven level inverter is interfaced with low frequency transformer with multiplePV Source is proposed. Nowadays multilevel inverter (MLI) plays a vital role in the field of power electronics and being widely used in many industrial and commercial applications. Moreover the advantages like high quality power output, low switching losses, low electro-magnetic interference (EMI) and high output voltage made multilevel inverter as a powerful solution in converter topology.
Early genistein exposure of California mice and gut microbiota-brain axis effects.

Human offspring encounter high amounts of phytoestrogens, such as genistein (GEN), through maternal diet and soy-based formulas. Such chemicals can exert estrogenic activity and thereby disrupt neurobehavioral programming. Besides inducing direct host effects, GEN might cause gut dysbiosis and alter gut metabolites. To determine whether exposure to GEN affects these parameters, California mice (Peromyscus californicus) dams were placed two weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation and lactation on a diet supplemented with GEN (250 mg/kg feed weight) or AIN93G phytoestrogen-free control diet (AIN). At weaning, offspring socio-communicative behaviors, gut microbiota and metabolite profiles were assayed. Exposure of offspring to GEN induced sex-dependent effects on gut microbiota and metabolites. GEN exposed females were less likely to investigate a novel female mouse when tested in a three-chamber social test. When isolated, GEN males and females exhibited increased latency to elicit their first call, suggestive of reduced motivation to communicate with other individuals. Correlation analyses revealed interactions between GEN-induced microbiome, metabolome, and socio-communicative behaviors. For instance, comparison of GEN males with AIN males revealed the fraction of calls above 20 kHz was associated with daidzein, tocopherol, Flexispira spp. , and Odoribacter spp. Results suggest early GEN exposure disrupts normal socio-communicative behaviors in California mice, which are otherwise evident in these social rodents. Such effects may be due to GEN disruptions on neural programming but might be attributed to GEN-induced microbiota shifts and resultant changes in gut metabolites. Findings indicate cause for concern that perinatal exposure to GEN might detrimentally affect offspring microbiome-gut-brain axis.
XOR-Ising Loops and the Gaussian Free Field

We find by simulation that the interfaces in the exclusive-or (XOR) of two independent 2D Ising spin configurations at the critical temperature form an ensemble of loops that have the same distribution as the contour lines of the Gaussian free field, but with the heights of the contours spaced \sqrt{2} times as far apart as they are for the conformal loop ensemble CLE_4 or the double dimer model on the square lattice. For domains with boundary, various natural boundary conditions for the two Ising models correspond to certain boundary heights for the Gaussian free field.
Nitric oxide shape plant-fungi interactions.

In their complex environments, plants continuously interact with fungi. While many of those interactions are detrimental for plants and challenge plant capability for growth and survival, others are beneficial improving plant growth and stress tolerance. Accordingly, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to restrict pathogenic interactions while promoting mutualistic relationships. Several studies demonstrated the importance of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of plant defence mounted against fungal pathogens. NO triggers a reprograming of defence related gene expression, the production of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties and the hypersensitive response. More recent evidences have further shown the regulation of NO during the establishment of plant-fungus mutualistic associations from early steps of the interaction. Indeed NO has been recently shown to be produced by the plant after the recognition of root fungal symbionts, and to be required for the optimal control of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Although studies dealing with NO function in plant-fungus mutualistic associations are still scarce, experimental data support a different regulation patterns and functions for NO in plant interactions with pathogenic and mutualistic fungi. Here we review recent evidences about NO function in plant-fungus interactions, trying to identify common and differential patterns related to the fungus life-style and their impact on plant health.
Lean Production and Market Orientation: Evidence from Ardabil Province Industrial Companies

The purpose of this paper is investigation the effect of lean production (just in time practices, total quality management, human resource management relationships with suppliers, customer relations, transmission of human intelligence, employee participation, standardization of processes, and comprehensive repairs management) on market orientation at Industrial companies in Ardabil Province. Statistical population was managers of Industrial companies in Ardabil Province . Through Cochran statistical sample include 140 people, which are selected by random sampling method. Data collection is done through field method by means of questionnaire. For data collection by questionnaires which include 27 inquiries. In order to analyze the information obtained from the questionnaires collected data were analyzed using SPSS. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency and dispersion) and inferential statistics in Pearson correlation coefficients and regression were used. Findings show that there is significantly positive relationship between lean production and market orientation at industrial companies in Ardabil province.
High-Performance Packaging Technology for Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Modules

The properties of wide band gap (WBG) semiconductors are beneficial to power elec - tronics applications ranging from consumer electronics and renewable energy to elec tric vehicles and high-power traction applications like high-speed trains. WBG devices, properly integrated, will allow power electronics systems to be smaller, lighter, operate at higher temperatures, and at higher frequencies than previous generations of Si-based systems. These will contribute to higher efficiency, and therefore, lower lifecycle costs and lower CO 2 emissions. Over 20 years have been spent developing WBG materials, low-defect-density wafers, epitaxy, and device fabrication and processing technology. In power electronics applications, devices are normally packaged into large integrated modules with electrical, mechanical and thermal connection to the system and control circuit. The first generations of WBG device have used conventional or existing module designs to allow drop-in replacement of Si devices; this approach limits the potential benefit. To realize the full potential of WBG devices, especially the higher operating tem - peratures and faster switching frequency, a new generation of packaging design and technology concepts must be widely implemented.
Key sectors in economic development: a perspective from input-output linkages and cross-sector misallocation

For a typical developing country, this paper shows that once inter-sectoral linkages are taken into account, closing the productivity gap in a number of services gives bigger gains in aggregate productivity than closing it in agriculture or in manufacturing. This is performed in the context of an input-output economy and general equilibrium. Also, the importance of sector-specific distortions that produce cross-sector misallocation is addressed. I compute the effect of the removal of these distortions on aggregate productivity using the input-output model and find that this could increase productivity up to 68%, depending on whether the rents from distortions stay in the economy or not.