Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPTIMAL POSITIONS OF TUNABLE TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL DYNAMIC ABSORBERS IN GLOBAL VIBRATION CONTROL IN BEAMS

The paper discusses the problem of vibration of an Euler-Bernoulli beam with translational and rotational dynamic absorbers attached. The beam is subjected to concentrated and distributed harmonic forces. The equation of motion is solved using the Fourier method. The time Laplace transformation allows one to determine the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the beam deflection. The aim of the study is to examine the influence of positions of the translational and rotational dynamic absorbers on vibration suppression in the global control problem in beams. Numerical examples present reduction of kinetic energy of the cantilever beam with tunable absorbers over a wide range of frequencies. Optimal positions of the absorbers are obtained.
Feedback Control of Dynamic Bipedal Robot Locomotion

PRELIMINARIES Introduction Two Test Beds for Theory MODELING, ANALYSIS, AND CONTROL OF ROBOTS WITH PASSIVE POINT FEET Modeling of Planar Bipedal Robots with Point Feet Periodic Orbits and Poincare Return Maps Zero Dynamics of Bipedal Locomotion Systematic Design of Within-Stride Feedback Controllers for Walking Systematic Design of Event-Based Feedback Controllers for Walking Experimental Results for Walking Running with Point Feet WALKING WITH FEET Walking with Feet and Actuated Ankles Directly Controlling the Foot Rotation Indicator Point APPENDICES Appendix A: Getting Started Appendix B: Essential Technical Background Appendix C: Proofs and Technical Details Appendix D: Derivation of the Equations of Motion for Three-Dimensional Mechanisms Appendix E: Single Support Equations of Motion of RABBIT NOMENCLATURE END NOTES REFERENCES INDEX SUPPLEMENTAL INDICES
Solid-liquid interface free energy through metadynamics simulations

The solid-liquid interface free energy ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{sl}$ is a key parameter controlling nucleation and growth during solidification and other phenomena. There are intrinsic difficulties in obtaining accurate experimental values, and the previous approaches to compute ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{sl}$ with atomistic simulations are computationally demanding. We present an approach which is to obtain ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{sl}$ from a free-energy map of the phase transition reconstructed by metadynamics. We apply this to the benchmark case of a Lennard-Jones potential, and the results confirm the most reliable data obtained previously. We demonstrate several advantages of our approach: it is simple to implement, robust and free of hysteresis problems, it allows a rigorous and unbiased estimate of the statistical uncertainty, and it returns a good estimate of the thermodynamic limit with system sizes of a just a few hundred atoms. It is therefore attractive for applications which require more realistic and specific models of interatomic forces.
Galvano-rotational effect in a pulsar induced by the electroweak interaction

We predict the new galvano-rotational effect which consists in the appearance of the electric current along the axis of the matter rotation. This effect is caused by the parity violating electroweak interaction between massless charged particles in the rotating matter. We start with the exact solution of the Dirac equation for a fermion involved in the electroweak interaction in the rotating frame. This equation includes the noninertial effects. Then, using the obtained solution, we derive the induced electric current which turns out to flow along the rotation axis. We study the possibility of the appearance of the galvano-rotational effect in dense matter of compact astrophysical objects. The particular example of neutron and hypothetical quark stars is discussed. It is shown that, using this effect, one can expect the generation of toroidal magnetic fields comparable with poloidal ones in old millisecond pulsars. We also briefly discuss the generation of the magnetic helicity in these stars.
Biofilm formation in xenobiotic-degrading microorganisms

Abstract The increased presence of xenobiotics affects living organisms and the environment at large on a global scale. Microbial degradation is effective for the removal of xenobiotics from the ecosystem. In natural habitats, biofilms are formed by single or multiple populations attached to biotic/abiotic surfaces and interfaces. The attachment of microbial cells to these surfaces is possible via the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). However, the molecular machinery underlying the development of biofilms differs depending on the microbial species. Biofilms act as biocatalysts and degrade xenobiotic compounds, thereby removing them from the environment. Quorum sensing (QS) helps with biofilm formation and is linked to the development of biofilms in natural contaminated sites. To date, scant information is available about the biofilm-mediated degradation of toxic chemicals from the environment. Therefore, we review novel insights into the impact of microbial biofilms in xenobiotic contamination remediation, the regulation of biofilms in contaminated sites, and the implications for large-scale xenobiotic compound treatment.
Coffee consumption and skeletal muscle mass: WASEDA’S Health Study

Abstract Few studies have examined the association between coffee consumption and muscle mass; their results are conflicting. Therefore, we examined the association between coffee consumption and low muscle mass prevalence. We also performed an exploratory investigation of the potential effect modification by demographic, health status-related and physical activity-related covariates. This cross-sectional study included 2085 adults aged 40–87 years. The frequency of coffee consumption was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Muscle mass was assessed as appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height2 using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyser. We defined low muscle mass using cut-offs recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Multivariable-adjusted OR for low muscle mass prevalence were estimated using a logistic regression model. The prevalence of low muscle mass was 5·4 % (n 113). Compared with the lowest coffee consumption group (< 1 cup/week), the multivariable-adjusted OR (95 % CI) of low muscle mass prevalence were 0·62 (0·30, 1·29) for 1–3 cups/week, 0·53 (0·29, 0·96) for 4–6 cups/week or 1 cup/d and 0·28 (0·15, 0·53) for ≥ 2 cups/d (P for trend < 0·001). There were no significant interactions among the various covariates after Bonferroni correction. In conclusion, coffee consumption may be inversely associated with low muscle mass prevalence.
Simultaneous extraction of charge density dependent mobility and variable contact resistance from thin film transistors

A model for the extraction of the charge density dependent mobility and variable contact resistance in thin film transistors is proposed by performing a full derivation of the current-voltage characteristics both in the linear and saturation regime of operation. The calculated values are validated against the ones obtained from direct experimental methods. This approach allows unambiguous determination of gate voltage dependent contact and channel resistance from the analysis of a single device. It solves the inconsistencies in the commonly accepted mobility extraction methods and provides additional possibilities for the analysis of the injection and transport processes in semiconducting materials.
Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares

Iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) is an algorithm for calculating quantities of statistical interest using weighted least squares calculations iteratively. IRLS algorithms may be simply implemented in most statistical packages with a command language because of their use of standard regression procedures. In addition to the required coefficients IRLS produces weights for each observation that aid in understanding the behavior of the algorithm during the iterations. They are also useful diagnostics for identifying unusual data once convergence has been reached.
Human density modulates spatial associations among tropical forest terrestrial mammal species

The spatial aggregation of species pairs often increases with the ecological similarity of the species involved. However, the way in which environmental conditions and anthropogenic activity affect the relationship between spatial aggregation and ecological similarity remains unknown despite the potential for spatial associations to affect species interactions, ecosystem function, and extinction risk. Given that human disturbance has been shown to both increase and decrease spatial associations among species pairs, ecological similarity may have a role in mediating these patterns. Here, we test the influences of habitat diversity, primary productivity, human population density, and species' ecological similarity based on functional traits (i.e., functional trait similarity) on spatial associations among tropical forest mammals. Large mammals are highly sensitive to anthropogenic change and therefore susceptible to changes in interspecific spatial associations. Using two‐species occupancy models and camera trap data, we quantified the spatial overlap of 1216 species pairs from 13 tropical forest protected areas around the world. We found that the association between ecological similarity and interspecific species associations depended on surrounding human density. Specifically, aggregation of ecologically similar species was more than an order of magnitude stronger in landscapes with the highest human density compared to those with the lowest human density, even though all populations occurred within protected areas. Human‐induced changes in interspecific spatial associations have been shown to alter top‐down control by predators, increase disease transmission and increase local extinction rates. Our results indicate that anthropogenic effects on the distribution of wildlife within protected areas are already occurring and that impacts on species interactions, ecosystem functions, and extinction risk warrant further investigation.
Topological black holes for einstein-gauss-bonnet gravity with a nonminimal scalar field

We consider the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with a negative cosmological constant together with a source given by a scalar field nonminimally coupled in arbitrary dimension D. For a certain election of the cosmological and Gauss-Bonnet coupling constants, we derive two classes of AdS black hole solutions whose horizon is planar. The first family of black holes obtained for a particular value of the nonminimal coupling parameter only depends on a constant M, and the scalar field vanishes as M=0. The second class of solutions corresponds to a two-parametric (with constants M and A) black hole stealth configuration, that is a nontrivial scalar field with a black hole metric such that both side (gravity and matter parts) of the Einstein equations vanishes. In this case, in the vanishing M, the solution reduces to a stealth scalar field on the pure AdS metric. We note that the existence of these two classes of solutions is inherent of the particular choice of the coupling constants and, they can not be promoted to spherical or hyperboloid black hole solutions in a standard fashion. In the last part, we add to the original action some exacts (D-1)-forms coupled to the scalar field. The direct benefit of introducing such extra fields is to obtain black hole solutions with planar horizon for arbitrary value of the nonminimal coupling parameter.
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Malnutrition in Older Japanese Adults at High Surgical Risk Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Background The usefulness of preprocedural nutritional status to stratify prognosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation has been evaluated; however, the studies conducted so far have been relatively small and/or focused on a single nutritional index. This study sought to assess the prevalence and prognostic impact of malnutrition in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Methods and Results We applied the Controlling Nutritional Status score, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, and Prognostic Nutritional Index to 1040 consecutive older Japanese patients at high surgical risk who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation. According to the Controlling Nutritional Status score, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, and Prognostic Nutritional Index, 16.6%, 60.5%, and 13.8% patients had moderate or severe malnutrition, respectively; 89.3% were at least mildly malnourished by at least 1 score. Worse nutritional status was associated with older age, lower body mass index, higher degree of frailty, worse symptoms and renal function, atrial fibrillation, and anemia. During a median follow‐up of 986 days (interquartile range, 556–1402 days), 273 (26.3%) patients died. Compared with normal nutrition, malnutrition was associated with an increased risk for all‐cause death (adjusted hazard ratio for moderate and severe malnutrition, respectively: 2.19 (95% CI, 1.45–3.31; P<0.001) and 6.13 (95% CI, 2.75–13.70; P<0.001) for the Controlling Nutritional Status score, 2.02 (95% CI, 1.36–3.02; P=0.001) and 3.24 (95% CI, 1.86–5.65; P<0.001) for the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, and 1.60 (95% CI, 1.06–2.39; P=0.024) and 2.32 (95% CI, 1.50–3.60; P<0.001) for the Prognostic Nutritional Index). Conclusions Malnutrition is common in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation and is associated with increased mortality.
Heterogeneity in long-term outcomes for patients with Revised International Staging System stage II, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

In the era of personalized treatment in multiple myeloma, high-risk patients must be accurately identified. The International Myeloma Working Group recommends using the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) to pick out high-risk patients. The main purpose of our work was to explore the heterogeneity of outcome among R-ISS stage II patients assessing the impact of International Staging System (ISS) stage, chromosomal abnormalities and lactate dehydrogenase level in this subgroup. Data were collected from 1,343 patients up to 65 years old with newly diagnosed myeloma, enrolled in three clinical trials implemented by the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome. All patients were eligible for intensive treatment. Patients in R-ISS stage II but ISS stage I had 1.6 times higher risk of death than patients in R-ISS stage I (adjusted hazard ratio=1.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-2.2; P=0.01) and patients in R-ISS stage II but with ISS stage III had a better overall survival than patients in R-ISS stage III (adjusted hazard ratio=0.7; 95% confidence interval: 0.4-0.9, P=0.02). However, among patients classified in R-ISS II, ISS stage and chromosomal abnormalities (del[17p] and t[4;14]) were still relevant prognostic factors for death. Dividing R-ISS stage II into three subgroups: ISS I with standard-risk chromosomal abnormalities, ISS II or III with standard-risk chromosomal abnormalities and patients with high-risk chromosomal abnormalities, median overall survival times were, respectively, not reached, 112 months and 71 months (P<0.001). In conclusion, stratification of patients in the R-ISS stage II group can be improved by taking into account chromosomal abnormalities and ISS. However, this does not improve predictive performance of survival models.
Physical Activity and Risk of Frailty in U.S. Women 60 Yr and Older

ABSTRACT Purpose Several studies have shown a lower risk of developing frailty with long-term higher levels of physical activity. However, most these studies lacked repeated measurement over the follow-up period. Therefore, we examined the association between different types of physical activity and in frailty development using repeated measurements. Methods A total of 69,642 nonfrail women 60 yr and older from the Nurses’ Health Study were followed from 1992 to 2016. Leisure time physical activity was assessed biennially. Frailty was defined as having 3+ of the following five criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 illnesses, and ≥5% weight loss. Cox models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between total, moderate-intensity physical activity, vigorous-intensity physical activity, walking, and incident frailty. Results During 24 yr of follow-up, we documented 16,479 incident frailty cases. Comparing top to bottom quintiles of MET-hours per week of physical activity, the HR was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.45–0.50) for total physical activity, 0.51 (0.48–0.54) for moderate, and 0.75 (0.71–0.79) for vigorous activity (Ptrend <0.001 for all activities). For each hour per week increase, HR was 0.56 (0.53–0.58), 0.51 (0.48–0.54), and 0.63 (0.58–0.68) for total, moderate, and vigorous activity, respectively. Walking was the most common activity, and each hour per day increase in walking was associated with an HR of 0.41 (0.38–0.44) for frailty incidence; this was evident even among those older than 70 yr and those with preexisting frailty characteristics. Conclusions Both moderate and vigorous physical activities were associated with a lower risk of frailty. In particular, walking, a broadly accessible activity, was also associated with lower risk.
Killing spinors as a characterisation of rotating black hole spacetimes

We investigate the implications of the existence of Killing spinors in a spacetime. In particular, we show that in vacuum and electrovacuum a Killing spinor, along with some assumptions on the associated Killing vector in an asymptotic region, guarantees that the spacetime is locally isometric to the Kerr or Kerr–Newman solutions. We show that the characterisation of these spacetimes in terms of Killing spinors is an alternative expression of characterisation results of Mars (Kerr) and Wong (Kerr–Newman) involving restrictions on the Weyl curvature and matter content.
Community Detection via Autoencoder-Like Nonnegative Tensor Decomposition

Community detection aims at partitioning a network into several densely connected subgraphs. Recently, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been widely adopted in many successful community detection applications. However, most existing NMF-based community detection algorithms neglect the multihop network topology and the extreme sparsity of adjacency matrices. To resolve them, we propose a novel conception of adjacency tensor, which extends adjacency matrix to multihop cases. Then, we develop a novel tensor Tucker decomposition-based community detection method—autoencoder-like nonnegative tensor decomposition (ANTD), leveraging the constructed adjacency tensor. Distinct from simply applying tensor decomposition on the constructed adjacency tensor, which only works as a decoder, ANTD also introduces an encoder component to constitute an autoencoder-like architecture, which can further enhance the quality of the detected communities. We also develop an efficient alternative updating algorithm with convergence guarantee to optimize ANTD, and theoretically analyze the algorithm complexity. Moreover, we also study a graph regularized variant of ANTD. Extensive experiments on real-world benchmark networks by comparing 27 state-of-the-art methods, validate the effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness of our proposed methods.
Multipartite dark matter

Dark matter (comprising a quarter of the Universe) is usually assumed to be due to one and only one weakly interacting particle which is neutral and absolutely stable. We consider the possibility that there are several coexisting dark-matter particles, and explore in some detail the generic case where there are two. We discuss how the second dark-matter particle may relax the severe constraints on the parameter space of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, as well as other verifiable predictions in both direct and indirect search experiments.
Points and the Delivery of Gameful Experiences in a Gamified Environment: Framework Development and Case Analysis

Background Points represent one of the most widely used game mechanics in gamification. They have been used as a means to provide feedback to users. They visually show user performance and are used along with other game mechanics to produce synergy effects. However, using points without analyzing the application environment and targets adversely affects users. Objective This study aims to identify the problems that users encounter when points are applied improperly, to solve problems based on an analysis of previous studies and actual point use cases, and to develop a point design framework to deliver gameful experiences. Methods Three problems were identified by analyzing previous studies. The first problem is points that only accumulate. The second is points that emphasize a user’s difference from other people. The third pertains to the reward distribution problem that occurs when points are used as rewards. Results We developed a framework by deriving 3 criteria for applying points. The first criterion is based on the passive acquisition approach and the active use approach. The second criterion is used to classify points as “high/low” and “many/few” types. The third criterion is the classification of personal reward points and group reward points based on segmentation of the reward criteria. We developed 8 types of points based on the derived point design framework. Conclusions We expect that some of the problems that users experience when using points can be solved. Furthermore, we expect that some of the problems that arise when points are used as rewards, such as pointsification and the overjustification effect, can be solved. By solving such problems, we suggest a direction that enables a gameful experience for point users and improves the core value delivery through gameful experiences. We also suggest a gameful experience delivery method in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Effects of Virtual Reality–Based Exercise on Balance in Patients With Stroke

Objective The aim of the study is to quantify the effects of virtual reality–based exercise on balance after stroke. Design The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science databases were searched until December 31, 2021. Independent investigators abstracted data, assessed the quality of the evidence, and rated the certainty of the evidence. The intergroup differences were determined by calculating mean difference and 95% confidence interval by RevMan 5.3 software. Results Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 423 stroke patients were included. Patients who received virtual reality–based exercise illustrated marked improvements in the Berg Balance Scale (mean difference, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 1.86; P < 0.00001; I2 = 44%), Timed Up and Go test (mean difference, −0.81; 95% confidence interval, −1.18 to −0.44; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%), Functional Reach Test (mean difference, 3.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–4.80; P = 0.0006; I2 = 0%), 10-Meters Walking Test (mean difference, −1.53; 95% confidence interval, −2.92 to −0.13; P = 0.03; I2 = 33%), and Modified Barthel Index (mean difference, 5.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.70 to 8.82; P = 0.004; I2 = 0%) compared with the control group. Conclusions Existing low-evidence analyses showed that virtual reality–based exercise could effectively and safely improve balance in chronic stroke. Longer-term virtual reality–based exercise was more effective on functional ability of stroke.