Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF BUSINESS EFFECTS OF MACHINE-TO-MACHINE SYSTEM

The tightening competition and pressure in the project schedules often leave no time or space for the assessment of business impacts of different investments and projects. In addition, in many cases the assessment may be challenging and there is no experience available to undertake it. Therefore, companies often commit to different projects and investments without careful planning and vision of the costs it may cause. The goal in this thesis is to present and clarify the possible applications for the designed platform. The different benefits and its scope of use are also evaluated. Its potential market size is also assessed and its payback period calculated. Moreover, the investment eligibility from customer point of view is evaluated using several investment decision methods. In order to enable the practical business impact assessment, the designed platform is applied to fleet management business. In order to facilitate and increase the assessment of business impacts, a decision support system is also created. It is built on the understanding gained from the cost-benefit analysis conducted in the fleet management case and three other cases from the machine-to-machine business. As a background for the thesis, an overview of the existing solutions is presented and few well-known service models are described. Also an introduction to three sales forecasting methods is given. In order to build a basis for the decision support system, few investment decision methods are presented. As a result, a good understanding of different applications of the platform was gained. It was found to be suitable for any business in which vehicles are involved as they share several common properties such as location information, fuel consumption, speed, and status information. Its potential market size was assessed very promising despite low market share assumption. The payback period was found as very appealing and the investment strongly eligible. The created decision support system was found to be successful. It can be seen as a reliable tool as it consists of several investment decision methods. However, experience from the business area is still needed because any system cannot provide thorough means to identify all the crucial cost factors involved in an investment.
Photoelectrochemical properties of porous silicon based novel photoelectrodes

Porous silicon interfaces have been modified with nitrided TiO2 (TiON) nanoparticles to develop highly efficient photoelectrodes. Photoelectrodes were prepared by impregnating the electrochemically prepared porous silicon microchannels with titanium oxynitride. Photocatalytic measurements were carried out on titanium oxynitride particles in water‐methanol mixture and the results showed a dependence on the nitrogen concentration. Among the photoelectrodes used for photocurrent measurements, porous silicon impregnated with TiO2 nitrided at 600 °C showed maximum photocurrent increase after exposure to sunlight‐type radiation. The enhancement in photocurrent was one order more for the porous silicon/titanium oxynitride hetero‐structure than that of polished silicon/titanium oxynitride hetero‐structure. Photoelectrodes thus prepared were found to have stable performance for a period of six months. This observation promises the possibility of using porous silicon/titanium oxynitride hetero‐structures as efficient electrodes for photovoltaic cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of Injection of Jet Fuel at Supercritical Conditions

At temperatures above 400 °C and at fuel system pressures, JP-8 and Jet A jet fuels exist as supercritical fluids. Fuel nozzles operating under conventional aircraft (subcritical) conditions atomize liquid fuel streams into droplets. The physical injection and mixing mechanisms associated with a nozzle operating under supercritical conditions are very different from those occurring under subcritical conditions. The current research examines the flow of fuel at supercritical conditions through a simple nozzle into a region that is also at supercritical conditions. Schlieren images of supercritical jet fuel exiting a simple nozzle into an optical chamber are presented. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of the flow were performed using n-decane as a surrogate fuel because it has a critical temperature and pressure similar to the pseudo critical temperature and pressure of the jet fuel sample used in the experiments. The results of the computational fluid dynamics simulations and the measurements obtai.
Calculation of lattice thermal conductivity of Ge from 4 to 900 K

Abstract A model calculation of lattice thermal conductivity is presented. The method uses an effective relaxation-time τq for the phonons in a phonon mode q taking into account departure from equilibrium of the other phonon modes which participate in both U- and N-processes. While low temperature results are in agreement with most earlier works, high temperature results are, on quantitative considerations, in some disagreement with those of some previous authors. In particular, it is shown that the effect of the off-diagonal U-processes is to give a negative contribution to the conductivity at high temperatures.
WATER - CORN EQUILIBRIUM: TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF THE G.A.B. MODEL PARAMETERS AND CALCULATION OF THE HEAT OF SORPTION

ABSTRACT By using sorption data for com in the range of 4.4-60°C, the temperature (T) variations of the GAB. model parameters (Mm, CB and k) were studied. As only the monolayer moisture (Mm) varied (decreased) with temperature, a generalized GAB equation of four total parameters was obtained. This, together with the Clapeyron equation allowed a method to calculate the heat of sorption (Lb) as a function of T and moisture content (M). For each temperature, Lb presented a maxinuin some 30% above the heat of vaporization of water (Lf), which occurred around the Mm, in congruence with the sorption theory. A similar behavior of Lb was found using the Othmer method. In contrast, the Gallaher equation predicted an ever increasing Lb up to 3 Lf at very low moistures. The GAB-Clapeyron method is then proposed to calculate Lb as a function of M and T.
Molecular Characteristics, Antigenicity, Pathogenicity, and Zoonotic Potential of a H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus Currently Circulating in South China

Canine influenza viruses (CIVs) could be a source of influenza viruses which infect humans because canine are important companion pets. To assess the potential risk of H3N2 CIVs currently circulating in southern China to public health, biological characteristics of A/canine/Guangdong/DY1/2019 (CADY1/2019) were detected. CADY1/2019 bound to both avian-type and human-type receptors. CADY1/2019 had a similar pH value for HA protein fusion to human viruses, but its antigenicity was obviously different from those of current human H3N2 influenza viruses (IVs) or the vaccine strains recommended in the North hemisphere. CADY1/2019 effectively replicated in the respiratory tract and was transmitted by physical contact among guinea pigs. Compared to human H3N2 IV, CADY1/2019 exhibited higher replication in MDCK, A549, 3D4/21, ST, and PK15 cells. Sequence analysis indicated that CADY1/2019 is an avian-origin virus, and belongs to the novel clade and has acquired many adaptation mutations to infect other mammals, including human. Taken together, currently circulating H3N2 CIVs have a zoonotic potential, and there is a need for strengthening surveillance and monitoring of their pathogenicity.
On the stability of carboxylic acid derivatized gold colloidal particles: the role of colloidal solution pH studied by optical absorption spectroscopy

Results of an investigation into the influence of hydrosol pH on the optical properties of gold colloidal particles capped with a novel aromatic bifunctional molecule, 4-carboxythiophenol (4-CTP), are presented. Changes in the optical properties of the carboxylic acid derivatized clusters have been interpreted as arising due to flocculation of the clusters and quantified using a “flocculation parameter” (Weisbecker, C. S.; Merritt, M. V.; Whitesides, G. M. Langmuir 1996, 12, 3763). It is observed that there is a large fall in the flocculation parameter above hydrosol pH = 4 which then is constant above pH = 7. This indicates that the cluster distribution is very stable at high pH due to complete charging of the clusters and maximization of the repulsive electrostatic interaction. Contact angle titration measurements on a self-assembled monolayer of 4-CTP on gold revealed an analogous trend with the contact angle falling above pH = 6 and then remaining constant above pH = 8. This indicates that monolayer f.
Hydroxylamine Seeding of Colloidal Au Nanoparticles in Solution and on Surfaces

A new route to the synthesis of colloidal Au nanoparticles with diameters between 30 and 100 nm is described. On the basis of surface-catalyzed reduction of Au3+ by NH2OH, the approach grows existing nanoparticles into larger particles of a size determined solely by the initial particle diameter and the amount of Au3+ added. The resulting particles exhibit improved monodispersity relative to those prepared in one step by the reduction of Au3+ by citrate. Importantly, surface-confined colloidal Au nanoparticles can also be enlarged by this method, providing an attractive route to colloidal Au monolayers with variable interparticle spacing (at fixed particle coverage).
Cultivating Affective Resilience: Proof-of-Principle Evidence of Translational Benefits From a Novel Cognitive-Emotional Training Intervention

Available evidence highlights the importance of emotion regulation (ER) in psychological well-being. However, translation of the beneficial effects of ER from laboratory to real-life remains scarce. Here, we present proof-of-principle evidence from a novel cognitive-emotional training intervention targeting the development of ER skills aimed at increasing resilience against emotional distress. This pilot intervention involved training military veterans over 5–8 weeks in applying two effective ER strategies [Focused Attention (FA) and Cognitive Reappraisal (CR)] to scenarios presenting emotional conflicts (constructed with both external and internal cues). Training was preceded and followed by neuropsychological, personality, and clinical assessments, and resting-state functional MRI data were also collected from a subsample of the participants. Results show enhanced executive function and psychological well-being following training, reflected in increased working memory (WM), post-traumatic growth (PTG), and general self-efficacy (GSE). Brain imaging results showed evidence of diminished bottom-up influences from emotional and perceptual brain regions, along with evidence of normalized functional connectivity in the large-scale functional networks following training. The latter was reflected in increased connectivity among cognitive and emotion control regions and across regions of self-referential and control networks. Overall, our results provide proof-of-concept evidence that resilience and well-being can be learned through ER training, and that training-related improvements manifested in both behavioral change and neuroplasticity can translate into real-life benefits.
UV-light induced domino type reactions: synthesis and photophysical properties of unreported nitrogen ring junction quinazolines

An expedient method for the synthesis of 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-b]quinazolines by UV light has been developed. Our aim was to synthesize various α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and to further react them with different amines in DMF, in the presence of potassium hydroxide as base, which leads to cyclization and the aromatized products in a single step using UV irradiation at 254 nm. We have performed the reaction with various other bases and solvents that lead to the desired product with a lower yield. The synthesized ring junction compounds have been characterized by suitable spectroscopic techniques. The fluorescence emission spectra of the synthesized compounds were recorded in DMF.
Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Geometric Distortions and Their Correction on fMRI Data Analyses

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is typically collected with gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) sequences, which are particularly prone to the susceptibility artifact as a result of B0 field inhomogeneity. The component derived from in-plane spin dephasing induces pixel intensity variations and, more critically, geometric distortions. Despite the physical mechanisms underlying the susceptibility artifact being well established, a systematic investigation on the impact of the associated geometric distortions, and the direct comparison of different approaches to tackle them, on fMRI data analyses is missing. Here, we compared two different distortion correction approaches, by acquiring additional: (1) EPI data with reversed phase encoding direction (TOPUP), and (2) standard (and undistorted) GE data at two different echo times (GRE). We first characterized the geometric distortions and the correction approaches based on the estimated ΔB0 field offset and voxel shift maps, and then conducted three types of analyses on the distorted and corrected fMRI data: (1) registration into structural data, (2) identification of resting-state networks (RSNs), and (3) mapping of task-related brain regions of interest. GRE estimated the largest voxel shifts and more positively impacted the quality of the analyses, in terms of the (significantly lower) cost function of the registration, the (higher) spatial overlap between the RSNs and appropriate templates, and the (significantly higher) sensitivity of the task-related mapping based on the Z-score values of the associated activation maps, although also evident when considering TOPUP. fMRI data should thus be corrected for geometric distortions, with the choice of the approach having a modest, albeit positive, impact on the fMRI analyses.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Oxygen Desaturation Index for Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients With Diabetes

Background Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). But it is impractical to perform PSG in all patients with diabetes. The objective was to develop a clinically easy-to-use prediction model to diagnosis SDB in patients with diabetes. Methods A total of 440 patients with diabetes were recruited and underwent overnight PSG at West China Hospital. Prediction algorithms were based on oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and other variables, including sex, age, body mass index, Epworth score, mean oxygen saturation, and total sleep time. Two phase approach was employed to derivate and validate the models. Results ODI was strongly correlated with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (rs = 0.941). In the derivation phase, the single cutoff model with ODI was selected, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.956 (95%CI 0.917–0.994), 0.962 (95%CI 0.943–0.981), and 0.976 (95%CI 0.956–0.996) for predicting AHI ≥5/h, ≥15/h, and ≥30/h, respectively. We identified the cutoff of ODI 5/h, 15/h, and 25/h, as having important predictive value for AHI ≥5/h, ≥15/h, and ≥30/h, respectively. In the validation phase, the AUC of ODI was 0.941 (95%CI 0.904–0.978), 0.969 (95%CI 0.969–0.991), and 0.949 (95%CI 0.915–0.983) for predicting AHI ≥5/h, ≥15/h, and ≥30/h, respectively. The sensitivity of ODI ≥5/h, ≥15/h, and ≥25/h was 92%, 90%, and 93%, respectively, while the specificity was 73%, 89%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusions ODI is a sensitive and specific tool to predict SDB in patients with diabetes.
Impacts of Electrolyte Solvent Soakage on Structure and Electrochemical Performance of LiCoO2 for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Commercial LiCoO2 for lithium-ion batteries is high-energy ball-milled to nanoscale sizes. Bare and Al2O3-coated nano- LiCoO2 particles are soaked in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate. The influences of solvent soakage on the structure and electrochemical performance of the material are characterized with X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma technique, and galvonostatic electrochemical cycling. It is shown that solvent soakage has significant impact on the structure and electrochemical properties of bare and Al2O3-coated LiCoO2 positive electrode materials. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society.
Optimization of a plasma immersion ion implantation process for shallow junctions in silicon

A plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) process has been developed for realizing shallow doping profiles of phosphorus and boron in silicon using an in-house built dual chamber cluster tool. High Si etch rates observed in a 5% PH3 in H2 plasma have been ascribed to high concentration of H(α) radicals. Therefore, subsequent work was carried out with 5% PH3 in He, leading to much smaller etch rates. By optical emission spectroscopy, the radical species H(α), PH*2, and PH* have been identified. The concentration of all three species increased with pressure. Also, ion concentrations increased with pressure as evidenced by Langmuir data, with a maximum occurring at 0.12 mbar. The duty cycle of pulsed DC bias has a significant bearing on both the implantation and the etching process as it controls the leakage of positive charge collected at the surface of the silicon wafer during pulse on-time generated primarily due to secondary electron emission. The P implant process was optimized for a duty cycle of 10% .
Ab initio molecular orbital cluster studies of the zeolite ZSM-5. 1. Proton affinities

In this study we carried out ab initio molecular orbital calculations using the STO-3G, 3-21G, and 6-31G basis sets on aluminosilicate clusters representing ZSM-5 containing up to 46 tetrahedrally coordinated tetravalent atoms and including (SiO)[sub n] rings. The proton affinity and OH stretching frequency of the central bridging oxygen site (O(24)site) are examined as a function of cluster size and shape. The proton affinity is found to depend significantly (5-15 kcal/mol) on the shape of the cluster. Calculation of electrostatic potential in the region of the central bridging oxygen site for the clusters indicates that this dependence is largely due to electrostatic effects. The effects of geometry relaxation are studied with a constant-volume relaxation method in which a part of the cluster is optimized with the remaining being fixed in its crystal structure. Results indicate that relaxation increases the proton affinity by about 10-15 kcal/mol over the value from the rigid experimental structure. The final calculated proton affinity for the O(24) site in ZSM-5, including correction for zero-point effects, O:Si ratio, and higher level theory, is consistent with experiment. The OH stretching vibrational frequency is in good agreement with the experimental value. 53 refs., 13 figs., 6 tabs.
Synthesis and characterization of composite films of silver nanoparticles embedded in DLC matrix prepared by plasma CVD technique

Composite films containing silver nanoparticles embedded in diamond-like carbon (DLC) matrix were deposited on glass substrates by using capacitatively coupled plasma (CCP) chemical vapour deposition techninique (CVD). Particle size and metal volume fraction were tailored by varying the relative amount of methane of a gas mixture of methane + argon in the plasma. Optical constants of the films were evaluated. Bonding environment in these films were obtained from Raman and FTIR studies. Blue-shift of the surface plasmon resonance peak in the optical absorbance spectra of the films could be associated with the reduction of the particle size while red shift was associated with the increase in volume fraction of metal particles. The experimental results have been discussed in light of the existing Mie theory.
HOTf-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination reactions of alkenes and alkynes with anilines

Herein, the intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes and alkynes with anilines catalyzed by HOTf under mild conditions has been developed. This reaction provides one of the simplest alkene and alkyne addition methods and is an alternative to metal-catalyzed reactions. At the same time, the intramolecular hydroamination of alkynes with anilines proceeds smoothly to obtain quinolines. We found that this strategy is efficient in building complex structures from simple starting materials in an environmentally benign fashion.
Building‐Block Approach for the Straightforward Incorporation of a New FRET (Fluorescence‐Resonance‐Energy Transfer) System into Synthetic DNA

The synthesis of the two new phosphoramidites 5 and 8 bearing a carbostyril (=quinolin-2(1H)-one) chromophore used as donor entity in our recently developed new FRET (fluorescence-resonance-energy transfer) system is described (Schemes 1 and 2) The high stability of the chromophore to basic conditions enables the incorporation of the phosphoramidites directly into DNA during solid-phase synthesis (Schemes 3 and 4). Since this is also possible for the (bathophenanthroline)ruthenium(II) complex used as acceptor (Scheme 4, Steps d and e), the whole labelling procedure to insert the FRET system into synthetic DNA is straightforward and represents a major improvement to our previous strategy.
Modular Synthesis of Triazole-Containing Triaryl α-Helix Mimetics

We describe novel scaffold designs for nonpeptidic α-helix mimetics. The tricyclic scaffolds contain triazoles and reproduce amino acid side chains i, i+3, and i+7. The three different scaffolds are synthetically readily accessible, allow the introduction of further substituents to increase the versatility,and are suitable for library design. A modular synthesis route using Cu I- and Ru II-catalyzed azide–alkyne [3+2] cycloadditions as central steps was developed. To demonstrate the methodology, we have prepared a library of compounds containing all three scaffolds.
Au/Porous silicon‐based sodium borohydride fuel cells

The Au/Porous silicon structure (Au/PS) was developed as hydrogen fuel cell. The use of a porous silicon filled with hydrochloric acid as a proton‐conducting membrane and thin gold film as a catalyst in Au/PS/Si fuel cell is demonstrated. The devices were fabricated by first creating 10–20 µm thick porous silicon layer by anodization etching in a standard silicon wafer and then depositing the gold catalyst film onto the porous silicon. Using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solution as the fuel, generation of the open‐circuit voltage of 0.55 V and the fuel cell peak power density of 13 mW cm−2 at room temperature was achieved. Moreover production of hydrogen by evolution (out‐diffusion) of hydrogen from solid sodium borohydride during thermal annealing at 30–120°C was investigated. Data on the effective diffusion coefficient of the hydrogen in NaBH4 were determined from intensity changes of infrared vibration peaks of B–H bond (2280 and 3280 cm−1), as a result of thermal annealing of NaBH4 samples. The relatively high values of the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen, increasing from 1×10−6 cm2 s−1 to 2×10−4 cm2 s−1 suggest that a thermo‐stimulated evolution process can be used for producing hydrogen from NaBH4. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION OF H2 AND CH4 MIXTURES IN CATALYTIC BURNERS FOR SMALL-SCALE HEAT AND POWER APPLICATIONS

Lean premixed fuel mixtures of hydrogen and methane are tested in two different burners developed at The Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The burners include a catalytic burner and a catalytically supported porous inert media burner, both using commercial catalysts. The thermal loads are varied up to 15 kW. Measurements performed of CO2, O2, NOx, and CO in the flue gases verify very low emission levels. The catalytic burner shows severe loss of activity during long-term testing, whereas the catalytically supported burner indicates long-term durability. Applications for such burners could be clean and efficient small-scale combined-heat-and-power systems, either in combination with fuel cells or in Stirling engines.