Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Vienna classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia

BACKGROUND Use of the conventional Western and Japanese classification systems of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia results in large differences among pathologists in the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric, and colorectal neoplastic lesions. AIM To develop common worldwide terminology for gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia. METHODS Thirty one pathologists from 12 countries reviewed 35 gastric, 20 colorectal, and 21 oesophageal biopsy and resection specimens. The extent of diagnostic agreement between those with Western and Japanese viewpoints was assessed by kappa statistics. The pathologists met in Vienna to discuss the results and to develop a new consensus terminology. RESULTS The large differences between the conventional Western and Japanese diagnoses were confirmed (percentage of specimens for which there was agreement and kappa values: 37% and 0.16 for gastric; 45% and 0.27 for colorectal; and 14% and 0.01 for oesophageal lesions). There was much better agreement among pathologists (71% and 0.55 for gastric; 65% and 0.47 for colorectal; and 62% and 0.31 for oesophageal lesions) when the original assessments of the specimens were regrouped into the categories of the proposed Vienna classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia: (1) negative for neoplasia/dysplasia, (2) indefinite for neoplasia/dysplasia, (3) non-invasive low grade neoplasia (low grade adenoma/dysplasia), (4) non-invasive high grade neoplasia (high grade adenoma/dysplasia, non-invasive carcinoma and suspicion of invasive carcinoma), and (5) invasive neoplasia (intramucosal carcinoma, submucosal carcinoma or beyond). CONCLUSION The differences between Western and Japanese pathologists in the diagnostic classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplastic lesions can be resolved largely by adopting the proposed terminology, which is based on cytological and architectural severity and invasion status.
Seroepidemiology of Q Fever among Cats in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island a

The indirect microimmunofluorescence test was used to determine the presence of antibodies to phase I and phase II Coxiella burnetii antigens in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island cats. Twenty of 104 (19.2%) New Brunswick cats tested had antibodies to phase II antigen; five of these (4.8%) also had antibodies to phase I antigen. Six of 97 (6.2%) Prince Edward Island cats tested had antibodies to phase I and phase II antigens. Our data suggest that cats may be important in the epidemiology of Q fever in these provinces.
What is low vision? A re-evaluation of definitions.

PURPOSE To re-evaluate definitions of low vision, visual impairment, and disability. METHODS We review current definitions of legal blindness and low vision and how these definitions are variably based on disability or impairment. We argue for a definite distinction being made between criteria for visual impairment and visual disability, low vision being defined as the presence of a visual impairment that results in a disability. Visual impairment is defined according to population norms and a statistical cut-off is used. Visual disability is defined by consideration of the level of visual measures which result in measurable or reportable disability. We consider the evidence that contrast sensitivity should be a criterion for visual disability in addition to visual acuity and visual field. CONCLUSIONS According to the current information, we define visual impairment as best monocular or binocular visual acuity <(worse than) 6/7.5, total horizontal visual field <146 degrees (Goldmann III-4e) or <109 degrees (III-3e), and contrast sensitivity <1.5 (PelliRobson); we define visual disability as best monocular or binocular visual acuity <6/12 or contrast sensitivity <1.05.
Computing Linear Discriminants for Idiomatic Sentence Detection

In this paper, we describe the binary classication of sen- tences into idiomatic and non-idiomatic. Our idiom detection algorithm is based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA). To obtain a discriminant subspace, we train our model on a small number of randomly selected idiomatic and non-idiomatic sentences. We then project both the train- ing and the test data on the chosen subspace and use the three nearest neighbor (3NN) classier to obtain accuracy. The proposed approach is more general than the previous algorithms for idiom detection | neither does it rely on target idiom types, lexicons, or large manually annotated corpora, nor does it limit the search space by a particular linguistic con- struction.
Radiation Exposure During Fluoroarthroscopically Assisted Anterior Cruciate Reconstruction

We prospectively evaluated the radiation exposure dur ing 50 consecutive fluoroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Three different meth ods of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were performed using either rolled fascia lata allograft or bone-tendon-bone autograft. For the 50 procedures, to tal time using the fluoroscope was 119.61 minutes, or 2.38 minutes per procedure. The 16 primary fascia lata allograft reconstructions averaged 1.38 minutes of fluo roscope use per procedure compared with 4.69 minutes for the two revision allograft fascia lata surgeries, 3.14 minutes per procedure for the 30 primary bone-tendon- bone reconstructions, and 4.18 minutes per procedure for the two surgeries performed with an allograft me niscal transplant. The difference in exposure time be tween the 16 primary allograft fascia lata surgeries and the 30 primary allograft or autograft bone-tendon-bone surgeries was statistically significant. The average ra diation exposure to the surgeon was 0.67 mrem per minute of fluoroscope use. It would take 7463.08 min utes of fluoroscope time, or 11,139 primary fascia lata allograft reconstructions, to exceed the recommended occupational exposure limit of 5000 mrem per year. It appears that the orthopaedic surgeon receives minimal radiation when using the fluoroscope to assist in ante rior cruciate ligament reconstruction, especially when doing a primary fascia lata allograft procedure.
The History of Neurosurgery at Temple University

TEMPLE UNIVERSITY’S NEUROSURGERY program has had a colorful and distinguished history since its creation in 1929. It has always functioned under challenging circumstances with limited resources but with a strong sense of mission. It was one of the 20 neurosurgical training programs in existence when the American Board of Neurosurgery was founded in 1940. Over the past 64 years, the program has trained approximately the same number of neurosurgeons, many of whom have contributed significantly to our specialty. Some of the advances pioneered in part at Temple include clinical hypothermia (Fay), the biplanar stereoscopic angiographic unit (Chamberlain), human stereotactic surgery (Spiegel and Wycis), lumboperitoneal shunts (Scott), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (Lin), microsurgery for acoustic tumors (Buchheit), and new pharmacological approaches to neuroprotectors (Strauss and Narayan). The Temple neurosurgery program has survived many challenges in the past and will no doubt weather the current financial and medicolegal challenges that confront the neurosurgical community in Philadelphia. It remains a strong clinical program that serves an otherwise underserved community and attracts patients beyond its geographic area because of its strong clinical reputation and the excellence of its clinical faculty and residents.
Human Papillomavirus Laboratory Testing: the Changing Paradigm

SUMMARY High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause essentially all cervical cancers, most anal and oropharyngeal cancers, and some vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancers. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of infection and the availability of newer tests are changing the approach to screening and diagnosis. Molecular tests to detect DNA from the most common high-risk HPVs are FDA approved for use in conjunction with cytology in cervical cancer screening programs. More-specific tests that detect RNA from high-risk HPV types are now also available. The use of molecular tests as the primary screening tests is being adopted in some areas. Genotyping to identify HPV16 and -18 has a recommended role in triaging patients for colposcopy who are high-risk HPV positive but have normal cytology. There are currently no recommended screening methods for anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, or oropharyngeal HPV infections. HPV testing has limited utility in patients at high risk for anal cancer, but p16 immunohistochemistry is recommended to clarify lesions in tissue biopsy specimens that show moderate dysplasia or precancer mimics. HPV testing is recommended for oropharyngeal squamous cell tumors as a prognostic indicator. Ongoing research will help to improve the content of future guidelines for screening and diagnostic testing.
H∞ control of 2-D polynomial Roesser model via sum of square approach

1-D polynomial systems are generalization of conventional 1-D linear systems and can represent nonlinear control systems effectively. In this paper, conventional 2-D Roesser models are extended to that with polynomial system matrices, i.e. 2-D polynomial Roesser model. The problems of stability analysis and H∞ control for 2-D polynomial Roesser model are considered in this paper. A sufficient condition for the stability of 2-D polynomial Roesser model is proposed and an H∞ polynomial controller is obtained in terms of sum of squares (SOS). An example is provided to show the effectiveness of the approach.
Nanoleakage types and potential implications: evidence from unfilled and filled adhesives with the same resin composition.

PURPOSE To compare nanoleakage patterns of an unfilled (OS; One-Step), a 6 wt% spherical silica-filled (OSs; One-Step Plus) and a 15 wt% glass-filled (OSg) version of a two-step, acetone-based self-priming adhesive. Permeability of bonded dentin treated with OS and OSs was also examined. METHODS Deep, coronal dentin from extracted third molars were etched and bonded using these adhesives. One-mm thick sections were immersed in 50 wt% ammoniacal silver nitrate (pH 9.5) for 24 hours. Unstained, undemineralized sections were examined by TEM. The permeability of dentin bonded with OS and OSs were investigated at 20 cm of H2O hydrostatic pressure and compared with the osmotic conductance determined with 4.8 M CaCl2 at zero hydrostatic pressure. Composite-dentin beams bonded with OS, OSs and OSg that were fractured after microtensile bond testing were examined by SEM. RESULTS Two types of nanoleakage patterns were recognized along the resin-dentin interfaces. The reticular type consisted of discontinuous islands of silver deposits and was exclusively seen in hybrid layers. The spotted type consisted of isolated silver grains and was evident throughout the hybrid and adhesive layers in OS. These two patterns were seen to variable extents in the two filled adhesive versions OSs and OSg and their distribution was independent of one another. OS and OSs bonded dentin were permeable to fluid filtration. However, part of this fluid movement was due to the permeability of the adhesive layer, as demonstrated by osmotic fluid conductance in the absence of hydrostatic pressure. Fractographic analysis revealed denuded collagen fibrils within fractured hybrid layers that were indicative of incomplete resin infiltration.
Nucleoredoxin, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin differentially regulate NF-kappaB, AP-1, and CREB activation in HEK293 cells.

Well-established mechanisms for regulation of protein activity include thiol-mediated oxidoreduction in addition to protein-protein interactions and phosphorylation. Nucleoredoxin (NRX), glutaredoxin (GRX), and thioredoxin (TRX) have been shown to act as a potent thiol reductase and reactive oxygen species regulator. They constitute a oxidoreductase superfamily and have been suggested as a candidate operating in the redox regulation of gene expression. We demonstrated here that intracellular localization of these redox molecules differ from each other and that the redox molecules differentially regulate NF-kappaB, AP-1, and CREB activation induced by TNFalpha, PMA, and forskolin and by expression of signaling intermediate kinases, NIK, MEKK, and PKA in HEK293 cells. This is a first report that describes involvement of NRX and GRX and differences from TRX in transcriptional regulation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and CREB in living cells.
Unified bare bone particle swarm for economic dispatch with multiple fuel cost functions

Economic generating electric power is a very important issue for power utilities, especially in current state of fuel cost booming. In this paper, the unified bare bone particle swarm algorithm (UBPSO), which integrates local and global learning strategies, is proposed to solve economic dispatch problems with multiple fuel options. Tested on three systems with different number of units has verified that the proposed method can obtain better solution compared with other methods found in literature.
Calcium supplements: bad for the heart?

Calcium is a micronutrient widely believed to affect bone heath, though the importance of normal variations in calcium intake may have been overemphasised.1 2 Because its principal dietary source is dairy products, and because high dairy intakes are not acceptable to many older people, there has been a strong move in recent decades to increase the intake of calcium by supplements. This is most prevalent for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but is also used in the management of serum phosphate levels in patients with renal failure. However, the safety of calcium supplements is now coming under considerable scrutiny. Their use in osteoporosis had caused concern with respect to the risk of renal calculi, which is increased by about 20%. 3 There has also been a longstanding awareness that they cause gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly constipation, but it is more alarming to find that they double the risk of admission to hospital with an acute abdominal condition.4 The concern that most threatens their continuing use, however, is their potential risk to cardiovascular health. Although there is trial evidence that calcium supplements can improve high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein ratios by almost 20%, and reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by a few mm Hg, this does not appear to translate into fewer cardiovascular events. This concern first surfaced in nephrology practice with evidence that calcium supplements exacerbated vascular calcification and contributed to the very high cardiovascular mortality experienced by those patients. Randomised trials in pre-dialysis patients have demonstrated acceleration of coronary artery calcification,5 and some trials have shown increased cardiovascular mortality in patients randomised to calcium.6 More recently, the focus of concern about cardiovascular …
Spatial Unmasking and Binaural Advantage for Children with Normal Hearing, a Cochlear Implant and a Hearing Aid, and Bilateral Implants

The aims of this study were to: (1) determine if spatial unmasking existed and differed for children with normal hearing, a hearing aid and a cochlear implant (CIHA), and bilateral implants (BICI); (2) determine if binaural advantage and headshadow effect differed between children with CIHA and BICI. Results indicated that most of the CIHA and BICI children demonstrated spatial unmasking, though to a lesser degree than children with normal hearing. Results also indicated that the children with BICI demonstrated greater headshadow effect than those with CIHA. The CIHA and BICI children also differed in binaural advantage, which could be due to the differences in headshadow effect and in detection abilities with the hearing aid versus the second implant.
Isolation of a yeast protein kinase that is activated by the protein encoded by SRP1 (Srp1p) and phosphorylates Srp1p complexed with nuclear localization signal peptides.

Srp1p, the protein encoded by SRP1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a nuclear-pore-associated protein. Its Xenopus homolog, importin, was recently shown to be an essential component required for nuclear localization signal (NLS)-dependent binding of karyophilic proteins to the nuclear envelope [Gorlich, D. , Prehn, S. , Laskey, R. A. & Hartman, E. (1994) Cell 79, 767-778]. We have discovered a protein kinase whose activity is stimulated by Srp1p (Srp1p fused to glutathione S-transferase and expressed in Escherichia coli) and is detected by phosphorylation of Srp1p and of a 36-kDa protein, a component of the protein kinase complex. The enzyme, called Srp1p kinase, is a protein-serine kinase and was found in extracts in two related complexes of approximately 180 kDa and 220 kDa. The second complex, when purified, contained four protein components including the 36-kDa protein. We observed that, upon purification of the kinase, phosphorylation of Srp1p became very weak, while activation of phosphorylation of the 36-kDa protein by Srp1p remained unaltered. Significantly, NLS peptides and the nuclear proteins we have tested greatly stimulated phosphorylation of Srp1p, suggesting that Srp1p, complexed with karyophilic proteins carrying an NLS, is the in vivo substrate of this protein kinase.
Reactive path planning for autonomous sailboat using an omni-directional camera for obstacle detection

Unmanned autonomous vehicles have the potential to operate for extended periods of time in different environments like in the air or the sea. These environments are often complex and arise many challenges for the unmanned vehicles research. The ASAROME project1 (Autonomous Sailing Robot for Oceanographic Measurements) is focused on an autonomous sailboat to make measurements and observations in the marine environment for long term. This paper describes a routing strategy for obstacle avoidance using an omni-directional camera based obstacle detection. Experiments with a panoramic vision system and sailboat simulation results have shown the expected performances for obstacle detection and avoidance.
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODOLOGIES OF FIXED POINT DIVISION ALGORITHMS

Abstract This paper describes the hardware implementation methodologies of fixed point binary division algorithms. The implementations have been extended for the execution of the reciprocal of the binary numbers. Radix-2 (binary) implementations of digit recurrence and multiplicative based methods have been considered for comparison. Functionality of the algorithms have been verified in Verilog hardware description language (HDL) and synthesized in Xilinx ISE 8.2i targeting the device xc4vlx15-12sf363 of Virtex4 family. Implementation was done for both signed and unsigned number systems, having bit width of operands vary as an exponential function of 2n, where n=2 to 5. Performance parameters have been calculated in terms of clock frequency, FPGA slice utilization, latency and power consumption. Implementation results indicate that multiplicative based algorithm is superior in terms of latency, while digit recurrence algorithms are consuming low power along-with less area overhead.
Interaction of oscillatory and steady turbulent flows in airway tubes during impedance measurement.

Measurement of input respiratory impedance is carried out by superimposing forced oscillations on spontaneous breathing. The latter thus acts as a quasi-steady unidirectional flow component, with effects on the measured impedance that are habitually neglected (linearity assumption). We examined the validity of that assumption in the case of a turbulent steady flow. We tested the validity of a fluid dynamics criterion previously proposed in water channel experiments for gas flow in a tube. This criterion states that oscillatory and continuous turbulent flow may or may not interact if the Stokes boundary layer (ls) is embedded within the viscous sublayer (lv), i.e., if lS+ = lS/lv < or = 10, implying Re7/8 < or = (100 alpha/square root of 2), for a fully developed hydraulically smooth turbulent flow in a tube (where alpha is Womersley parameter and Re is Reynolds number of the steady-flow component). Experiments were performed in long rigid circular and semicircular tubes by superimposing two independent well-defined flows: 1) laminar oscillatory flow obeying the linear transmission line model (frequency = 1.5-250 Hz, i.e., alpha = 6-80) and 2) fully developed turbulent flow characterized by Blasius resistance formula (Re = 3,000-16,000). Confirming the validity of the criterion above, we found that the real and the imaginary parts of the long-tube impedance did not differ from those measured in the absence of a steady-flow component, provided lS+ < or = 10. On the contrary, the real parts measured with and without the continuous component differed greatly as soon as lS+ > 10, both for circular and semicircular tubes and for outward as well as inward steady flows. We concluded that the proposed criterion is pertinent for predicting appropriate oscillation frequency for a given rate of spontaneous flow, such that oscillatory and turbulent flows do not interact. Application of the forced oscillation measurement technique during spontaneous breathing requires use of a range of oscillatory frequencies higher than the frequency range classically used during apnea.
Chinese Migrants’ Mental Health and Adjustment to Life in New Zealand

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and assess the relative importance of predictors of the self-rated adjustment and psychiatric morbidity of recent Chinese migrants. Method: Chinese migrants (n = 271) living in Auckland and aged 15 years or older completed a postal questionnaire that included the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ). The majority of respondents came from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Results: Most respondents did not report major adjustment problems. The psychiatric morbidity rate was 19%. Major predictors of experiencing problems included rejection by locals, being aged 26–35 years or over 45 years and low English proficiency. Major predictors of poor adjustment included unemployment, low English proficiency, lack of university education, younger age, shorter residency, expectations not met and regrets about coming to New Zealand. Predictors of minor mental disorder included regretting coming, female gender and younger age. For migrants resident 2 years or less, unemployment and underemployment were additional risk factors. Mothers with absent husbands and young people with absent parents also had elevated rates of mental disorder. Conclusions: Although the overall prevalence of mental disorder for this sample of recent migrants appears to be similar to that of the general population, significant risk factors were identified. The findings extend knowledge of the adjustment and the mental health of migrants and provide potential focal points for primary and secondary prevention interventions.
A conceptual model for interprofessional education: The international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF)

A shared language and conceptual framework is essential to successful interprofessional collaboration. The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a shared language and conceptual framework that transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries. This paper will familiarize readers with the ICF and describe the biopsychosocial perspective that is adopted in its conceptual framework and language. The presentation of a case study will illustrate how the ICF can enhance interprofessional learning by promoting a multidimensional perspective of an individual's health concerns. The case study will also highlight the value of the shared language and conceptual framework of the ICF for interprofessional collaboration. It is argued that a strong foundation in the principles exemplified by the ICF may serve to enhance interprofessional communication, and in so doing, encourage involvement in interprofessional collaboration and healthcare.