Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evolutionary Gene and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis1

Advocates of an ‘extended evolutionary synthesis’ have claimed that standard evolutionary theory fails to accommodate epigenetic inheritance. The opponents of the extended synthesis argue that the evidence for epigenetic inheritance causing adaptive evolution in nature is insufficient. We suggest that the ambiguity surrounding the conception of the gene represents a background semantic issue in the debate. Starting from Haig’s gene-selectionist framework and Griffiths and Neumann-Held’s notion of the evolutionary gene, we define senses of ‘gene’, ‘environment’, and ‘phenotype’ in a way that makes them consistent with gene-centric evolutionary theory. We argue that the evolutionary gene, when being materialized, need not be restricted to nucleic acids but can encompass other heritable units such as epialleles. If the evolutionary gene is understood more broadly, and the notions of environment and phenotype are defined accordingly, current evolutionary theory does not require a major conceptual change in order to incorporate the mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance. 1 Introduction 2 The Gene-centric Evolutionary Theory and the ‘Evolutionary Gene’ 2.1 The evolutionary gene 2.2 Genes, phenotypes, and environments 3 Epigenetic Inheritance and the Gene-Centred Framework 3.1 Treating the gene as the sole heritable material? 3.2 Epigenetics and phenotypic plasticity 4 Conclusion 1 Introduction 2 The Gene-centric Evolutionary Theory and the ‘Evolutionary Gene’ 2.1 The evolutionary gene 2.2 Genes, phenotypes, and environments 2.1 The evolutionary gene 2.2 Genes, phenotypes, and environments 3 Epigenetic Inheritance and the Gene-Centred Framework 3.1 Treating the gene as the sole heritable material? 3.2 Epigenetics and phenotypic plasticity 3.1 Treating the gene as the sole heritable material? 3.2 Epigenetics and phenotypic plasticity 4 Conclusion
Structural Risk Minimization for Switched System Identification

This paper deals with the identification of hybrid dynamical systems that switch arbitrarily between modes. In particular, we focus on the critical issue of estimating the number of modes. A novel method inspired by model selection techniques in statistical learning is proposed. Specifically, the method implements the structural risk minimization principle, which relies on the minimization of an upper bound on the expected prediction error of the model. This so-called generalization error bound is first derived for static switched systems using Rademacher complexities. Then, it is extended to handle non independent observations from a single trajectory of a dynamical system. Finally, it is further tailored to the needs of model selection via a uniformization step. An illustrative example of the behavior of the method and its ability to recover the true number of modes is presented.
Multiplicity, group identity and the spectre of the social

Abstract The recent renaissance of uneven and combined development (UCD) has generally followed Justin Rosenberg’s formulation of the ‘international’, conceived as the inter-societal dimension of sociohistorical development. But Rosenberg’s ‘international’ rests on the conflation of distinct concepts, thus occluding other consequential registers of multiplicity. This paper (1) disentangles the concepts ‘social’, ‘societal’ and ‘political’; (2) demonstrates, using recent archaeological research, that complex social definedness preceded the sedentarisation of human groups; and (3) argues that social multiplicity constitutes a distinct dimension of causality that is interrelated with but irreducible to the territorial logics of societal and political multiplicity. In order to do this, it examines the role of the social (as non-territorial group identification) in the rise of Hellenic nationalism in colonial Cyprus. The paper concludes by suggesting a new path for UCD research in order to explore the full significance of multiplicity for IR theory, thus moving further out of the ‘prison of Political Science’.
Leaf age affects the efficacy of insecticides to control Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease worldwide, is associated with the bacteria transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). One of the main tactics used to manage this disease is the chemical control of D. citri. In this study, the efficacy of four insecticides commonly used by the citrus growers against the D. citri adults was assessed in two vegetative growth stages of flush: young shoots (~ 10 cm in length) and mature leaves. The bioassays were carried out under the greenhouse and field conditions. The insecticides bifenthrin, dimethoate, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were tested at the recommended rates of 15, 450, 40 and 25 mg/L of water, respectively. The insecticides were sprayed onto the leaves of each stage until runoff. Psyllid mortality was assessed at different periods after insecticide application (0, 1 and 2 weeks). In both greenhouse and field trees, the period of control was shorter in the young shoots than in the mature leaves. In addition, the efficacy of insecticides rapidly decreased in the young shoots over time, mainly for imidacloprid and bifenthrin (less than 1 week). Thus, these results suggest that the number of spray applications to control D. citri should be more frequent during the flushing period.
Multi‐objective optimization of hybrid renewable energy system based on biomass and fuel cells

The main objective of this paper is to determine the optimal sizing of a biomass and fuel cell micro‐grid. The biomass generator will be utilized as the main source of power generation for the study area, while the fuel cell generator will be used as a backup generator to be used if the biomass generator fails to meet the energy requirements of the study area. In this research, excess energy will be used to produce hydrogen which is to be used by the fuel cells to generate energy instead of using batteries. To achieve the goal of this paper, a multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) technique has been proposed to solve the sizing problem for the introduced micro‐grid via an economical perspective which is the cost of energy (COE). The MOPSO algorithm tries to mitigate the COE to the lower values by keeping the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) as minimal as possible. Likewise, statistical analysis has been concluded to study the accuracy of the outcomes of the introduced technique. Three indicators have been offered, which are the process capability indices, the normal probability, and the control chart. The final contribution of the consequences of the two presented objective functions clears that the algorithm process is under statistical control, stable, and very precise. The optimum system from the economic perspective consists of two biomass gensets, 31 fuel cells, 65 electrolyzers, and 186 H2 tanks with an NPC of $ 2 314 842, COE of 0.335 $/kWh at an LPSP of 1.929%.
Investigating the role of FMRP, CYFIP1 and DDX3X in the processes of mRNA localisation and translation within mesenchymal cells

This thesis undertakes to elucidate the roles of the proteins Fragile-X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), Cytoplasmic FMRP Interacting Protein (CYFIP1) and the helicase DDX3X, within mesenchymal cells. Total Internal Reflection Microscopy (TIRFM) was used to look for spatiotemporal colocalisation of FMRP and CYFIP1, as prior work suggests that they function in concert, acting as translational repressors within neuronal cells. Biochemical methods provided evidence of a Ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of four participants – mRNA, eIF4E, CYFIP1 and FMRP. Using super-resolution microscopy techniques, the interaction of FMRP and CYFIP were established at the leading edge of spreading fibroblasts with a resolution of 50nm. DXX3X has a known structural helicase domain and evidence suggests that it may be involved in the up-regulation of mRNA translation. Within this thesis, biochemical methods are complemented with standard immunocytochemistry (ICC) to elucidate the role and subcellular location of DDX3X. Using ICC and post-acquisition imaging techniques such as deconvolution, colocalisation of DDX3X with actin stress fibres suggests that DDX3X may be transported intracellularly via actin filaments. Using in situ Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA), a bespoke analysis program ‘PLAY’ provides evidence to suggest that DDX3X interacts with the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E, whilst travelling along filamentous actin structures to the cell periphery. The interaction between DDX3X and eIF4E at the leading edge of cells appears to correlate with an upregulation in local metabolism and morphology change, suggesting that DDX3X may be involved in the transport and localised translation of proteins needed for cell spreading and motility.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Diversity in Fruits of Currant (Ribes spp.)

Currant successfully grown in a wide area in Turkey due to its environmental plasticity. The aim of this study is to determine variations in phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity from certain currant cultivars and genotypes commercially grown in Turkey. Fruit samples taken from two red currant cultivars (‘Red Lake’, ‘Rovada’) and four black (‘S. Nigrum’, ‘Tokat 2’, ‘Tokat 3’ and ‘Tokat 4’) and the genotype 1310 (red currant) were subjected to analysis for phenolic compounds (protocatechuic, vanillic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, quercetin, gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, o-coumaric acid, phloridzin and ferulic acid), organic acids (citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid), vitamin C, antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC] assay) and sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose). Results showed that phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacities statistically varied among currant cultivars and genotype (p<0.05). Caffeic acid was determined only in the genotype 1301. Ellagic acid (1.680 mg/100 g), gallic acid (2.022 mg/100 g), rutin (4.649 mg/100 g), catechin (8.005 mg/100 g) and chlorogenic acid (2.721 mg/100 g) were found the highest values in ‘Tokat 3’, ‘Red Lake’, ‘Tokat 3’, 1310 and ‘S. Nigrum’, respectively. Citric acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid were dominant among organic acids for all cultivars and the genotype 1310. Contents of glucose and fructose among sugars were measured to be higher than content of sucrose for all cultivars and the genotype. The highest antioxidant capacity was detected in cultivar of ‘Rovada’ and the genotype 1310.
Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in southern Brazil : pathology and differential diagnosis 1

Estima-Silva P., Marcolongo-Pereira C. , Santos B.L. , Coelho A.C. B. , Amaral L.A. , Lim A. , Bolin S.R. & Schild A.L. 2017. Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in southern Brazil: pathology and differential diagnosis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(11):1247-1252. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com. br Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) diagnosed at the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico of Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/UFPel), is described. Differential aspects of other pulmonary diseases in horses with pneumonia and interstitial fibrosis were discussed. The disease occurred in a 15-year-old equine that presented with clinical signs of respiratory distress, intermittent fever, anorexia, and dyspnea. Macroscopically, there was enlargement of the lungs with whitish, pale, firm and well-delimited nodules, approximately 7-10 cm in diameter, distributed throughout the parenchyma. Histologically, the lung nodules had alveolar spaces with walls covered by cuboidal epithelium containing macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes and, eventually, multinucleated giant cells. The interstitium was markedly thickened by mature fibrous connective tissue and collagen. There were intranuclear inclusion bodies in the macrophages. The PCR technique for detecting the EHV-5 DNA was positive. In a retrospective study of pneumonia cases in horses with interstitial fibrosis diagnosed in the LRD/UFPel, two animals had macroscopic and histological lesions similar to those with EMPF, but they were negative for EHV-5 in PCR. Four cases diagnosed with pneumonia and interstitial tissue fibrosis had a histological pattern that was different from that observed in the EMPF animal, thus eliminating the possibility of EMPF. It is concluded that EMPF is a sporadic disease that should be considered in cases of respiratory disease in horses. Reports of such cases are important to alert technicians about the occurrence of rare diseases in Brazil. It is also necessary to establish the true role of EHV-5 in the pathogenesis of EMPF. Cases of pulmonary fibrosis such as EMPF, in which the virus is not present, should be studied to establish whether it could be an idiopathic form of the disease.
Characterization and Optimization of a Collinear Array of Circularly
 Polarized Side-Mounted Elements

Received May 2, 2020 Revised Sep 12, 2020 Accepted Oct 2, 2020 This paper presents the radiation characteristics of a two-element collinear array of shunt-fed, slanted dipoles side-mounted to a metallic tower. It presents the radiation characteristics of the array as commonly implemented by FM broadcasters and suggests methods on how to optimize these characteristics such as the power gain, pattern circularity, side-lobe reduction, and horizontal-vertical polarization component ratio for the array to better conform to broadcast standards. By determining these characteristics using an advance antenna simulation software, optimization variables are identified, and their optimized values are determined. The optimized values lead to improved radiation characteristics of the array in conforming with broadcast requirements. Results show that adjusting the distance between the dipoles to less than one wavelength reduces the sidelobe of the array radiation pattern; varying the dipole physical specifications improves the polarization component ratio and the circularity of the radiation pattern. However, varying the dipole specifications also reduces the gain of the array. For applications requiring higher gains, other methods of realizing high collinear array gains are recommended.
Management of Splenic Injury During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Report of Two Cases.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has become the standard of care for the removal of kidney stones >2 cm. Major complications, although rare, are between 1% and 7%. Splenic injury during PCNL is rare and can often be managed conservatively, but has the potential to be devastating, necessitating the importance of early diagnosis. Our team describes two cases of splenic injury during PCNL with emphasis on diagnosis and management. Although both cases were managed conservatively through close monitoring and prolonged nephrostomy tube presence, one case had a concurrent pneumothorax. Both cases were diagnosed primarily through postprocedure CT imaging. Risk factors primarily include supracostal access and splenomegaly. Splenic injury is a rare complication that can often be managed conservatively; however, prompt recognition of injury is important. We present in this study two cases of conservative splenic injury management sustained during PCNL.
The psychology of dressing: body image

We select dress that we’re purchasing and wearing according to the meaning we believe them to have, or the messages we believe them to send. There are some psychological consequences of dressing and dressing expresses something about the wearer. Clothing serves many purposes; it protects the wearer by enhancing safety; it protects by providing barrier between the skin and the environment; it can insulate against cold or hot conditions. It may also function as the form of adornment & expression of the personal taste and style. Body image is the mental picture we have of our bodies, has both perceptual and affective components, affects how we interact with clothes, and affects how that clothed appearance is presented publicly. Body holds significant meaning to the people as individual and as group members. Body image is a personal characteristic that impacts people appearance, feelings of worth, shopping practices and social interaction.
Assessment on growth promoting ability of Chlorella vulgaris on Marobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae

The present study was conducted to assess the growth promoting ability of Chlorella vulgaris on Marobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae. The experimental diets were prepared by fishmeal replacement with C. vulgaris at different levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%). The prepared feeds were offered to the M. rosenbergii postlarvae during 90 days in triplicate. At the end of the feeding experiment, survival rate, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 50% C. vulgaris inclusion diet fed PL group. Similarly, total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid contents were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in specimens fed 50% C. vulgaris supplemented diet. The feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 50% C. vulgaris supplemented diet fed PL group. At this level of replacement, the activity level of digestive protease, amylase and lipase were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 50% C. vulgaris supplemented group. Among all the experimental groups, the 50% fishmeal replacement with C. vulgaris inclusion diet fed group, showed significant performance. The present results revealed that the partial replacement of fish meal with C. vulgaris is favorable for M. rosenbergii postlarval culture.
Thermal exchange optimization based control of a doubly fed induction generator in wind energy conversion systems

This paper presents a novel design method to attain the optimal parameters of Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers for a 1.5 MW Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) in wind energy based on a Thermal Exchange Optimization (TEO) algorithm. Since the gains of PI controllers are usually selected by classical and tedious trials-errors based procedures, their tuning for such a wind energy converter is formulated as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. Inspired from the Newton’s law of cooling, the TEO algorithm is successfully applied to solve such a control problem under time-domain performances and operational constraints in order to extract the maximum available power. In order to evaluate the performances of the proposed TEO algorithm, the genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, harmony search algorithm and water cycle algorithm methods have been utilized for making a comparative study. Moreover, a statistical analysis using non-parametric Friedman and Bonferroni-Dunn’s tests demonstrates that the TEO algorithm gives very competitive results in comparison to the other reported metaheuristic algorithms.
Emergence of weak‐intransitive competition through adaptive diversification and eco‐evolutionary feedbacks

Indirect biotic interactions—such as intransitive competition—are increasingly recognized as being important in shaping ecological patterns in natural systems. Over long time‐scales, such indirect interactions may affect the evolution of species phenotypes, which in turn can modify these interactions, thereby begetting eco‐evolutionary feedbacks. If indirect intransitive interactions can emerge in situ during lineage diversification, they could profoundly affect species’ phenotypic diversity, temporal stability, and subsequent diversification rates. We address these questions by investigating the conditions under which indirect intransitive competition can emerge from a lineage diversifying in sympatry. We use an adaptive dynamics model to study the ecological and evolutionary properties of this lineage under different scenarios where competition for resources between phenotypes varies in strength and (a)symmetry. Results show that weak‐intransitive competition can emerge during the sympatric diversification of a single lineage. “Weak‐intransitivity” here refers to situations where species interactions are not perfectly transitive, that is, there is no strict hierarchy in species competitive abilities. The strength of such weak‐intransitivity increases when the competition between phenotypes increases in strength and asymmetry. The strength of intransitivity also correlates with other system properties. We notably found that the strength of intransitivity increases with the number of phenotypes, and that greater intransitivity correlates with the evolution of greater functional trait divergences between phenotypes, greater resistance to invasion by new phenotypes but lower resistance to disturbances as well as slower evolutionary rates. Synthesis. This theoretical exploration of the evolution of intransitive competition provides the first formal bridge between the ecological and evolutionary aspects of intransitive competition. We show that, when competitive interactions are strong enough, weak‐intransitive competition is more likely to emerge through adaptive diversification than from a random community assembly. Intransitive competition is, therefore, not only restricted to between‐species interactions but can also function as a regulator of diversification within species, thereby affecting lineage functional diversity, and ecological and evolutionary stability.
An Anomaly Mitigation Framework for IoT Using Fog Computing

The advancement in IoT has prompted its application in areas such as smart homes, smart cities, etc., and this has aided its exponential growth. However, alongside this development, IoT networks are experiencing a rise in security challenges such as botnet attacks, which often appear as network anomalies. Similarly, providing security solutions has been challenging due to the low resources that characterize the devices in IoT networks. To overcome these challenges, the fog computing paradigm has provided an enabling environment that offers additional resources for deploying security solutions such as anomaly mitigation schemes. In this paper, we propose a hybrid anomaly mitigation framework for IoT using fog computing to ensure faster and accurate anomaly detection. The framework employs signature- and anomaly-based detection methodologies for its two modules, respectively. The signature-based module utilizes a database of attack sources (blacklisted IP addresses) to ensure faster detection when attacks are executed from the blacklisted IP address, while the anomaly-based module uses an extreme gradient boosting algorithm for accurate classification of network traffic flow into normal or abnormal. We evaluated the performance of both modules using an IoT-based dataset in terms response time for the signature-based module and accuracy in binary and multiclass classification for the anomaly-based module. The results show that the signature-based module achieves a fast attack detection of at least six times faster than the anomaly-based module in each number of instances evaluated. The anomaly-based module using the XGBoost classifier detects attacks with an accuracy of 99% and at least 97% for average recall, average precision, and average F1 score for binary and multiclass classification. Additionally, it recorded 0.05 in terms of false-positive rates.