Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microstrip-fed broadband circularly polarised monopole antenna

A microstrip-fed broadband circularly polarised (CP) monopole antenna was studied. A broad impedance bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth (AR-BW) could be achieved simultaneously. This antenna used a conventional monopole architecture, except for its deforming ground plane and asymmetric-feed approach. The asymmetric-feed was used to provide an orthogonal component distinct from its original linear polarisation. In addition, by embedding a slit and a stub on the ground plane, this antenna could generate CP wave radiation and achieve a broad impedance bandwidth. According to the measurement results, the impedance bandwidth was 6.56 GHz for a 10 dB return loss, which covered a range of 2.32 8.88 GHz. The AR-BW was 1.2 GHz for a 3 dB AR, which covered a range of 3.2 4.4 GHz.
Single-mode and multimode Fabry-Pérot interference in suspended graphene

Phase coherence of charge carriers leads to electron-wave interference in ballistic mesoscopic conductors. In graphene, such Fabry-P\'erot-like interference has been observed, but a detailed analysis has been complicated by the two-dimensional nature of conduction, which allows for complex interference patterns. In this work, we have achieved high-quality Fabry-P\'erot interference in a suspended graphene device, both in conductance and in shot noise, and analyzed their structure using Fourier transform techniques. The Fourier analysis reveals two sets of overlapping, coexisting interferences, with the ratios of the diamonds being equal to the width to length ratio of the device. We attribute these sets to a unique coexistence of longitudinal and transverse resonances, with the longitudinal resonances originating from the bunching of modes with low transverse momentum. Furthermore, our results give insight into the renormalization of the Fermi velocity in suspended graphene samples, caused by unscreened many-body interactions.
Thriving on chaos: Proactive detection of command and control domains in internet of things‐scale botnets using DRIFT

In this paper, we introduce DRIFT, a system for detecting command and control (C2) domain names in Internet of Things–scale botnets. Using an intrinsic feature of malicious domain name queries prior to their registration (perhaps due to clock drift), we devise a difference‐based lightweight feature for malicious C2 domain name detection. Using NXDomain query and response of a popular malware, we establish the effectiveness of our detector with 99% accuracy and as early as more than 48 hours before they are registered. Our technique serves as a tool of detection where other techniques relying on entropy or domain generating algorithms reversing are impractical.
Population status, trends and a re-examination of the hypotheses explaining the recent declines of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina

Between the 1950s and 1990s the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina underwent large decreases in population size throughout most of its breeding range in the Southern Ocean. While current population estimates suggest a recent recovery, some breeding populations have continued to decrease in recent years (Macquarie and Marion Islands), others have either remained stable (South Georgia, Kerguelen and Heard Island) or have increased (Peninsula Valdes, Argentina). 2. Intrinsic hypotheses for patterns of regional decline include factors that are affected by density-dependent mechanisms: (i) paucity of males, (ii) population 'overshoot' and (iii) pandemic disease. Extrinsic hypotheses include (iv) predation, (v) competition with fisheries concerns, (vi) interspecific competition, (vii) environmental change and (viii) human distur- bance. Of the eight hypotheses proposed and examined here, we conclude that three can be discounted (i, v, viii), three are unlikely, but may require more testing (ii, iii, iv) and two are plausible (vi, vii). 3. The interspecific competition hypothesis is difficult to test because it requires the simul- taneous monitoring of species that overlap directly with elephant seals, many of which have not been identified or little is known. However, an analysis of the relationship between log variance and log abundance (Taylor's power law) for populations of southern and northern elephant seals suggests that interspecific competition is not a significant factor in the decline of the southern elephant seal. 4. The hypothesis that decreases in southern elephant seal populations between the 1950s and 1990s were caused by the environmental change is the easiest to test and most plausible of the hypotheses. We propose a framework by which to test this hypothesis to determine how food availability affects individual survival.
Amazonian Deforestation, Environmental Kuznets Curve and Deforestation Policy: A Cointegration Approach

Brazilian Amazon deforestation rate is found to display a unit root and to be cointegrated with Brazilian GDP and its square – An Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Although, it is not the first time that such an EKC is detected, this may be the first such time-series evidence. Detecting an EKC is hampered by several econometric issues that have been shown to lead to possibly spurious results in cross-section and panel contexts, but are satisfactorily addressed in a cointegrated (time-series) framework. Alternative theories for explaining the deforestation path are rejected. There is evidence that the " Action Plan " of the Brazilian government against deforestation had an important effect. These results are in contrast to the economics literature on an EKC in emissions such asCO2, but appear to be consistent with a geographical sciences literature that considers that deforestation declines when alternative activities become available.
Selective laser trabeculoplasty for open angle glaucoma

SLT is effective and safe treatment as first line as well as adjunctive treatment of open angle glaucoma. AbstrAct Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is an important treatment option in open angle glaucoma. It has been shown to be as effective as argon laser trabeculoplasty in primary open angle glaucoma while having an improved safety profile. Its use is also indicated for other subtypes of open angle glaucoma (OAG) such as pseudoexfoliation (PXE) and pigmentary glaucoma. In this review, we present the current literature on the role of SLT in treating OAG. The indications, duration of effect, repeatability, cost effectiveness and clinical effectiveness of SLT were reviewed. Available evidence comparing SLT with ALT and medical treatment are also presented. We also discuss the applicability of SLT for PXE, pigmentary glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma and advanced OAG. Lastly, the complications of SLT and areas of further research are discussed.
Density‐dependent recruitment structures a heterogeneous distribution of herbivores among host plants

A growing body of evidence indicates that plants can influence the survival and reproduction of the insect herbivores they host via both herbivore density-dependent and density-independent processes. A remaining challenge is identifying how density-dependent and density-independent processes in herbivores contribute to the distribution of herbivores in natural populations. I tested which herbivore recruitment parameters—the intrinsic rate of increase, carrying capacity, or shape of density dependence—contributed to variance in the distribution of a gall-making fly among individuals of its host plant by experimentally manipulating herbivore density on plants in the field. I used model selection to determine the relationships between herbivore demographic parameters and the natural, pre-experimental pattern of herbivore abundances. The naturally occurring pattern of herbivore abundances before the experiment covaried positively with the herbivore carrying capacity, a parameter inversely related to the stren.
The impact of a minimum wage increase on employment and school enrollment: evidence from Turkey

In 2004 minimum wage raised by 24.3% in Turkey. The effect of this increase on teenage school enrollment rates is highly debatable. We use TurkStat's Household Budget Surveys and nonlinear difference-in-difference and difference-in-difference-in-difference estimation approaches to evaluate the impact of the 2004 minimum wage change on male teenage employment and school enrollment rates in urban Turkey. We use regional variation in the share of minimum wage earners in wage employment to determine low- and high-impact regions. Treatment and control groups are then selected among these by further comparing the school enrollment rates prior to the change. We find that the increase in the minimum wage in 2004 has encouraged young men to enroll in schooling and reduce their labor supply.
VEIN AND SKARN FORMATION AT THE CANNINGTON Ag–Pb–Zn DEPOSIT, NORTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA

Synchronous deformation and metamorphism at the Cannington Ag–Pb–Zn deposit, in northeastern Australia, involved a phase of Ca and Mn mobilization that accounts for the distribution of pyroxene- and garnet-bearing rocks, which were preferentially overprinted by sulfide mineralization. Garnet composition and its textural association in relation to three generations of planar fabric (S1 to S3) show that skarn-related grossular-rich garnet formed in the last garnet-stable event, D3. The D3 Cl-rich biotite in the gneiss is intergrown with garnet in veins, and within skarn rocks is continuous along strike with veins of garnet {angle}pyroxmangite, hedenbergite or amphibole, which indicates a period of anhydrous through to hydrous metasomatism. Compositional maps show that infiltration extended from alteration fronts through fractures, which indicates the high permeability of S3; these maps and XGrt profiles across skarn–gneiss contacts show that there was large-scale transport of mass by infiltration and varying degrees of hydrodynamic dispersion. Precipitation of oscillatory Ca- and Mn-zoned grossular-rich garnet in veins parallel to veins filled with Cl-rich biotite, in conjunction with the distribution of biotite-filled veins across the deposit, suggest that the mass transfer during D3 may be responsible for deposit-scale Ca–Mn skarn-like zoning.
Metastatic cutaneous epithelioid hemangioendothelioma involving right atrium - a case report

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular endothelial tumour with unpredictable malignant potential. The common sites involved are the lung, liver and soft tissues; with cardiac involvement being a very rare occurrence. The diagnosis of this rare vascular tumor is made by typical histopathological findings and confirmed by specific immunohistochemistry. We present a case of a patient with a long standing painless scalp lesion who presented with pulmonary symptoms and ultimately diagnosed to have metastatic cutaneous EHE involving the lungs, pericardium and right atrium.
Antimicrobial Potential of Earthworm Wegeneriona sp. against Human Pathogens

The medicinal value of earthworms has been known for centuries. The earthworms are the source of proteins, peptides, enzymes and physiologically active substances. Thus in the present study, the earthworm skin extracts were prepared and subjected to antimicrobial activity which was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The antimicrobial substances showed activity against Serratia marcescens. The molecular weight of the peptide from skin extract was found to be ~3kDa by SDS – PAGE and confirmed by zymogram analysis. Further the earthworm was identified by morphological and COI gene sequence analysis and resulted to be Wegeneriona sp. This study may lead to the formulation of new antimicrobial drug from the earthworm skin extract.
Vibration control strategy for large-scale structures with incomplete multi-actuator system and neighbouring state information

The synthesis of optimal controllers for vibrational protection of large-scale structures with multiple actuation devices and partial state information is a challenging problem. In this study, the authors present a design strategy that allows computing this kind of controllers by using standard linear matrix inequality optimisation tools. To illustrate the main elements of the new approach, a five-story structure equipped with two interstory actuation devices and subjected to a seismic disturbance is considered. For this control setup, three different controllers are designed: an ideal state-feedback H 8 controller with full access to the complete state information and two static output-feedback H 8 controllers with restricted neighbouring state information. To assess the performance of the proposed controllers, the corresponding frequency responses are investigated and a proper set of numerical simulations are conducted, using the full scale North-South El Centro 1940 seismic record as ground acceleration input. The obtained results indicate that, despite the severe information constraints, the proposed static output-feedback controllers attain a level of seismic protection that is very similar to that achieved by the ideal state-feedback controller with complete state information.
SWAN : Hardware Trojan Security With Ambiguous Netlists

For the past decade, security experts have warned that malicious engineers could modify hardware designs to include hardware backdoors (trojans), which in turn could grant attackers full control over a system. Proposed defenses to detect these attacks have been outpaced by the development of increasingly small, but equally dangerous trojans. To thwart trojan-based attacks, we propose a novel architecture that maps the security-critical portions of a processor design to a one-time programmable, LUT-free fabric. The programmable fabric is automatically generated by analyzing the HDL of targeted modules. We present our tools to generate the fabric and map functionally equivalent designs onto the fabric. By having a trusted party randomly select a mapping and configure each chip, we prevent an attacker from knowing the physical location of targeted signals at manufacturing time. In addition, we provide decoy options (canaries) for the mapping of security-critical signals, such that hardware trojans hitting a decoy are thwarted and exposed. Using this defense approach, any trojan, capable of analyzing the entire configurable fabric, becomes very complex, exposing it to inspection techniques due to its large silicon footprint. We evaluated our solution on a RISC-V BOOM processor and demonstrated a 99% reduction in the chance of success of an undetectable trojan by providing the ability to map each critical signal to 6 distinct locations on the chip, incurring a 27% area overhead.
A 1-GHz, 7-mW, 8-Bit Subranging ADC without Resistor Ladder Using Built-In Threshold Calibration

A subranging analog-to-digital converter (ADC) features high-speed and relatively low-power. The limiting factors of power reduction in subranging ADCs are the resistor ladder and the comparator. We propose an ADC architecture combining a capacitive digital-to-analog convertor and built-in threshold calibration to eliminate the resistor ladder, resulting in a low-power subranging ADC. We also propose a calibration technique comprising of metal-oxide-metal capacitor, MOS switch, and scaling capacitor to reduce the power consumption of the comparator and an offset drift compensation technique to enable precise foreground calibration. We designed an 8-bit, 1-GHz subranging ADC by applying these techniques, and post-layout simulation results demonstrated a power consumption of 7 mW and figure of merit of 51 fJ/conv. -step.
What can we say about substance use? Dominant discourses and narratives emergent from Australian media

Discourses are conceptualised as context-specific frameworks that constrain what can be presented as rational when considering psychoactive substances. Given the implications of this for Australian policy debate and development, research and health promotion, an integrative analysis explored the nature of the dominant discourses as they pertain to substance use. Newspaper articles spanning a 12-month period (April 2005–2006) were analysed with the analysis triangulated with visual media and newspapers from 5-years prior. We conclude that within Australia, psychoactive substance use is framed within the dominant discourses of medicine, morality, law, economics, politics and popular culture. The linguistic landscape circumscribed by each discourse is described and the power dynamics underpinning the maintenance of the discourses considered, with each discursive framework shown to delineate unique subject positions that define the numerous individuals concerned with substance use issues (e.g. substance users, politicians, medical experts, etc.).
Regulation of the LEE-pathogenicity island in attaching and effacing bacteria

Diarrhoeagenic E. coli strains are a major health problem worldwide: in developing countries they are one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality among young children, while in industrialized countries are often responsible of food+ poisoning outbreaks. EPEC (Enteropathogenic E. coli) and EHEC (Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli) are two important E. coli pathotypes that share the ability to cause the attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion, characterized by the intimate adherence of bacteria to actin+rich pedestal like structures on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells. The genetic determinants involved in the development of this phenotype are mainly located in the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE), a 35+43 Kb pathogenicity island coding for a type III secretion system (T3SS), translocator and effector proteins, chaperons and transcriptional regulators. This review briefly describes the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the A/E lesion and summarizes the current knowledge on LEE transcriptional regulation, mainly focusing on the antagonic role played by the histone+like protein H+NS and its paralogue the LEE+encoded regulator Ler on silencing and antisilencing; the role of GrlR and GrlA mutual interaction in negative and positive regulation; the involvement of strain specific accessory regulators such as PerC, EivF, EtrA, GrvA, and RegA; as well as of other global regulators .
Application of Cellular Automates in Some Models of Artificial Intelligence

The problem of modeling many natural phenomena is too complex and requires interaction on different scales. Here we show that one of the possible and convineient way to approach this problem with hierarchical cellular automata. The peculiarity of this approach is that the state of the cell is modeled by another cellular automaton with as many recursive layers as needed. We make an example of how the “Smart cube”, as we called it, can be used for simulating such a complex system as the brain. Different levels from neurotransmitters to large-scale neural population interaction can be represented into one model of cellular automata. Furthermore, this allows to experiment with different learning rules and incorporate many interesting mechanisms like anticipation.
Expression of a chicken ovalbumin gene in three lucerne cultivars [Medicago]

Routine procedures have been developed for the transformation of lucerne (Medicago sativa cv. Rangelander) with foreign genes using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector system and for the regeneration of transgenic plants from tissue culture, via somatic embryogenesis. Lucerne transformation was carried out with a gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase (npt), which conferred resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin, together with a cDNA clone encoding chicken ovalbumin which was modified for expression in plant cells. The ovalbumin cDNA protein coding sequence was combined with the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the nopaline synthase 3' flanking sequence to make a chimeric ovalbumin gene. A DNA construct containing both these genes was transferred to lucerne, and ovalbumin was detected in leaves of regenerated plants using protein immunoblots. Pulse-chase labelling experiments and analysis of leaves from the top to bottom of the transformed plants indicated that ovalbumin, once formed, was stable in the leaves of transgenic lucerne. A wide variation in ovalbumin level was frequently observed in plants regenerated from multiple embryos on a single transformed callus. This variation correlated with changes in the restriction enzyme digestion pattern of the ovalbumin DNA from the transgenic plants. These results indicate that each transformed callus may have arisen from more than one transformation event. An alternative interpretation is that the callus may have arisen from a single transformed cell but during cell proliferation the DNA in some cells may have undergone rearrangement prior to embryogenesis. Transformation and regeneration procedures were also developed for two Australian commercial cultivars of lucerne. Although the frequency of recovery of transformed plants was lower than with cv. Rangelander, these protocols open the way for a relatively rapid
Estimation of base station position using timing advance measurements

Timing Advance is used in TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) systems, such as GSM and LTE, to synchronize the mobile phone to the cellular BS (Base Station). Mobile phone positioning can use TA measurements if BS positions are known, but in many cases BS positions are not in the public domain. In this work we study how to use a set of TA measurements taken by mobile phones at known positions to estimate the position of a BS. This paper describes two methods -- GMF (Gaussian Mixture Filter) and PMF (Point Mass Filter) for estimation of the BS position. Positioning performance is evaluated using simulated and real measurements. In suburban field tests, TA measurements suffice to determine BS position with an error comparable to the TA granularity (550m). GMF computes BS position much faster than PMF and is only slightly less accurate.
An Initial Investigation into the Role of Stereotype Threat in the Test Performance of College Students with Learning Disabilities.

In a quasi-experimental evaluation of the possible role of stereotype threat in the academic performance of college students with learning disabilities (LD), students with (N = 29) and without (N = 62) identified LD took a simulated Verbal GRE® task in one of two conditions modeled after those used in past stereotype threat (ST) research. The task was presented as either a measure of verbal reasoning and reading abilities (ST condition) or as a measure of problem-solving style (Reduced-Threat condition; [RT]). The traditional ST-related performance differences in accuracy were not found in the sample of undergraduates with LD; however, marginally significant differences in the efficiency with which students with LD completed test items in the RT condition relative to the ST condition suggest the need for follow-up research, given the frequency with which the accommodation of extra time on exams is granted to and is used by undergraduates with LD. Potential limitations due to size and representativeness of the sample are addressed.