Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloud Databases: New Techniques, Challenges, and Opportunities

As database vendors are increasingly moving towards the cloud data service, i.e., databases as a service (DBaaS), cloud databases have become prevalent. Compared with the early cloud-hosted databases, the new generation of cloud databases, also known as cloud-native databases, seek for higher elasticity and lower cost by developing new techniques, e.g., compute-storage disaggregation and the log is the database. To better harness the power of these cloud databases, it is important to study and compare the pros and cons of their key techniques. In this tutorial, we offer a comprehensive survey of cloud-native databases. Based on various system architectures, we introduce a taxonomy for the state-of-the-art cloud-native OLTP databases and OLAP databases, respectively. We then take a deep dive into their key techniques regarding storage management, transaction processing, analytical processing, data replication, serverless computing, database recovery, and security. Finally, we discuss the research challenges and opportunities.
Association of diet quality score with the risk of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although adherence to a higher diet quality may help prevent cognitive decline in older adults, literature for this in a Korean population is limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the association between diet quality indices and the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Korean older adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS This cross-sectional study included 806 community-dwelling people aged 60 yrs and over in Korea. Diet quality was assessed via the revised Recommended Food Score (RFS) and alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMDS). Cognitive function was measured using a Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC). Associations between diet quality indices and MMSE-KC score were assessed with a general linear model after adjusting for covariates. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between diet quality indices and the risk of MCI. RESULTS The prevalence of MCI was 35.3%. There were no significant trends between MMSE-KC scores and RFS and aMDS after adjusting for age, gender, education, exercise, living status, social activity, and alcohol drinking. Among total subjects, RFS was inversely associated with the risk of MCI after adjusting for covariates (Q5 vs. Q1; odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28–0.83). Among total subjects and men, aMDS was inversely related to the risk of MCI after adjusting for covariates (Q5 vs. Q1; OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29–0.89 for total subjects; Q5 vs. Q1; OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15–0.83 for men). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that high diet quality evaluated by RFS and aMDS is inversely associated with the risk of MCI. Thus, high quality diet may reduce or retard cognitive decline in the old population. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causal relationship between diet quality and the risk of MCI in the elderly.
Entropy of singularities in self-gravitating radiation

The Bekenstein–Hawking entropy suggests that thermodynamics is an intrinsic ingredient of gravity. Here, we explore the idea that requirements of thermodynamic consistency could determine the gravitational entropy in other setups. We implement this idea in a simple model: static, spherically symmetric solutions to Einstein’s equations corresponding to self-gravitating radiation. We find that the principle of maximum entropy provides a consistent thermodynamic description of the system, only if the entropy includes a contribution from the spacetime singularities that appear in the solutions of Einstein’s equations. The form of the singularity entropy is stringently constrained from consistency requirements, so that the existence of a simple expression satisfying these constraints is highly non-trivial, and suggests a fundamental origin. We find that the system is characterized by three equilibrium phases, and we conduct a preliminary investigation of the associated phase transitions. These results demonstrate the point that gravitational entities other than horizons are endowed with thermodynamic properties.
Strong correlations of neutron star radii with the slopes of nuclear matter incompressibility and symmetry energy at saturation

We examine the correlations of neutron star radii with the nuclear matter incompressibility, symmetry energy, and their slopes, which are the key parameters of the equation of state (EoS) of asymmetric nuclear matter. The neutron star radii and the EoS parameters are evaluated using a representative set of 24 Skyrme-type effective forces and 18 relativistic mean field models, and two microscopic calculations, all describing 2$M_\odot$ neutron stars. Unified EoSs for the inner-crust-core region have been built for all the phenomenological models, both relativistic and non-relativistic. Our investigation shows the existence of a strong correlation of the neutron star radii with the linear combination of the slopes of the nuclear matter incompressibility and the symmetry energy coefficients at the saturation density. Such correlations are found to be almost independent of the neutron star mass in the range $0.6\text{-}1. 8M_{\odot}$. This correlation can be linked to the empirical relation existing between the star radius and the pressure at a nucleonic density between one and two times saturation density, and the dependence of the pressure on the nuclear matter incompressibility, its slope and the symmetry energy slope. The slopes of the nuclear matter incompressibility and the symmetry energy coefficients as estimated from the finite nuclei data yield the radius of a $1. 4M_{\odot}$ neutron star in the range $11.09\text{-}12.86$ km.
EXPLORING RISK PERCEPTION AND INTENTION TO IMPROVE THE AIR QUALITY

Numerous environmental issues, particularly those with higher risks, have steadily come to the forefront of the public's concerns in recent years with the increased awareness on environmental quality. For example, air pollution is one of the main causes of death worldwide and contributes to the rise in the risk of chronic diseases. In the Turkish city of Adana, air pollution has long been recognised as a serious environmental and health concern with well-documented negative consequences on human wellbeing. Although important, little is known about how the general public views the risk of air pollution. Thus, this paper focuses on risk perception and behavioural intention to air pollution. Adana city in southern Turkey was chosen as the study area. The results showed that sociodemographic factors and perceived risk of familiarity with air pollution are significant factors influencing Adana inhabitants' willingness to pay for bettering the air quality. Additionally, it implies that the authority might provide a significant contribution by creating strategies to lessen the effects of air pollution on people, particularly in cities where air pollution is a problem.
Nature vs. nurture in the low-density environment: structure and evolution of early-type dwarf galaxies in poor groups

We present the stellar population properties of 13 dwarf galaxies residing in poor groups (low-density environment, LDE) observed with VIMOS at VLT. Ages, metallicities, and [α/Fe] ratios were derived within an r < re/2 aperture from the Lick indices Hβ, Mgb, Fe5270, and Fe5335 through comparison with our simple stellar population (SSP) models that account for variable [α/ Fe] ratios. For a fiducial subsample of 10 early-type dwarfs, we derived median values and scatters around the medians of 5.7 ± 4. 4G yr,−0.26 ± 0.28, and −0.04 ± 0.33 for age, logZ/Z� ,a nd [α/Fe], respectively. For a selection of bright early-type galaxies (ETGs) from an earlier sample residing in a comparable environment, we derive median values of 9.8 ± 4. 1G yr, 0.06 ± 0.16, and 0.18 ± 0.13 for the same stellar population parameters. It follows that dwarfs are on average younger, less metal rich, and less enhanced in the α-elements than giants, in agreement with the extrapolation to the low-mass regime of the scaling relations derived for giant ETGs. From the total (dwarf+giant) sample, we find that age ∝σ 0.39±0.22 , Z ∝ σ 0.80±0.16 ,a ndα/Fe ∝ σ 0.42±0.22 . We also find correlations with morphology, in the sense that the metallicity and the [α/Fe] ratio increase with the Sersic index n or with the bulge-to-total light fraction B/T . The presence of a strong morphology-[α/Fe] relation appears to contradict the possible evolution along the Hubble sequence from low B/T (low n )t o highB/T (high n) galaxies. We also investigate the role played by environment by comparing the properties of our LDE dwarfs with those of Coma red passive dwarfs from the literature. We find possible evidence that LDE dwarfs experienced more prolonged star formations than Coma dwarfs, however larger data samples are needed to draw firmer conclusions.
Code Optimization and Angle-Doppler Imaging for ST-CDM LFMCW MIMO Radar Systems

We consider code optimization and angle-Doppler imaging for slow-time code division multiplexing (ST-CDM) linear frequency-modulated continuous-wave (LFMCW) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems. We optimize the slow-time code via the minimization of a Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB)-based metric to enhance the parameter estimation performance. Then, a computationally efficient RELAX-based algorithm is presented to obtain the maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of the target angle-Doppler parameters. Numerical examples show that the proposed approaches can be used to improve the performance of parameter estimation and angle-Doppler imaging of ST-CDM LFMCW MIMO radar systems.
Presynaptic 5-HT2A-mGlu2/3 Receptor–Receptor Crosstalk in the Prefrontal Cortex: Metamodulation of Glutamate Exocytosis

The glutamatergic nerve endings of a rat prefrontal cortex (PFc) possess presynaptic 5-HT2A heteroreceptors and mGlu2/3 autoreceptors, whose activation inhibits glutamate exocytosis, and is measured as 15 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-asp) release (which mimics glutamate exocytosis). The concomitant activation of the two receptors nulls their inhibitory activities, whereas blockade of the 5-HT2A heteroreceptors with MDL11,939 (1 μM) strengthens the inhibitory effect elicited by the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY329268 (1 μM). 5-HT2A receptor antagonists (MDL11,939; ketanserin; trazodone) amplify the impact of low (3 nM) LY379268. Clozapine (0.1–10 μM) mimics the 5-HT2A agonist (±) DOI and inhibits the KCl-evoked [3H]D-asp overflow in a MDL11,939-dependent fashion, but does not modify the (±) DOI-induced effect. mGlu2 and 5-HT2A proteins do not co-immunoprecipitate from synaptosomal lysates, nor does the incubation of PFc synaptosomes with MDL11,939 (1 μM) or clozapine (10 µM) modify the insertion of mGlu2 subunits in synaptosomal plasma membranes. In conclusion, 5-HT2A and mGlu2/3 receptors colocalize, but do not physically associate, in PFc glutamatergic terminals, where they functionally interact in an antagonist-like fashion to control glutamate exocytosis. The mGlu2/3-5-HT2A metamodulation could be relevant to therapy for central neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, but also unveil cellular events accounting for their development, which also influence the responsiveness to drugs regimens.
Neural Fuzzy Hybrid Rule-Based Inference System with Test Cases for Prediction of Heart Attack Probability

Heart disease has reached to the number one position in last decade in terms of mortality rate, and more wretchedly, heart attack has affected life in 80% of the cases. Cardiac arrest is an incurable incongruity that requires special treatment and cure. It has been a key research area for many years, and the number of researchers across the globe is devoted toward finding the optimal solution to avoid the ill-effect of this disease. Along with predicting heart disease, if focus moves towards prevention of heart attack as well, then this could result in major life saver area for masses. This research work is fully devoted toward finding out the probability of heart attack so that people can take preventive measure before it hit the wall. This research proposed the neural fuzzy inference system (NFIS) to represent the training data formed from the n-dimensions of functions. The NFIS consists of error computing module to improve the learning instructions when the errors have been measured, initially the membership functions are defined, and the parameters of membership functions are activated and learnt through when needed for an operation. The proposed methodology has experimented with sample test cases on Cleveland heart disease dataset from University of California Irvine (UCI) repository with the integration of supporting dependable and nondependable parameters, causing-factors, and data-matrices. This research has integration more than 13000 fuzzification rules to generate best decision-making, normalization process, planting techniques to create the feasibility to compute the heart attack probability and achieved 94 percentage of accuracy. This research can be extendable to build auto-altering and advise system with integration hardware peripheral circuit devices.
How do work placement learning instructional methods enhance students’ learning experiences?

This study focuses on identifying the most effective instructional methods of work placement learning (WPL) delivery that industry-based instructors can adopt to enhance students’ learning experiences. Employing interview and focus group methods, the authors learned from 39 participants, including 21 higher education students who had undertaken WPL in various industries and 18 industry-based instructors who have been providing placement learning tasks (instructions) to students. Focusing on the four most effective methods identified from the thematic analysis – namely, exploration, elaboration, engagement and evaluation (operationalised as the 4E instructional methods) – the authors analyse how the 4E instructional methods contribute to facilitating students’ learning experience during work placements. Drawing on experiential learning theory and the findings of the study, recommendations are offered for the adoption of the 4E instructional methods for the effective delivery of WPL tasks to facilitate students’ work-related knowledge, skills and attitudes for their future career development and employability.
Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The increase in the number of COVID-19 cases was happening quite quickly and has spread between countries so that COVID-19 has become a pandemic in the world. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of COVID-19 patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. Method: This was a descriptive study. Data were taken from the medical records of 110 hospitalized patients with positive RT-PCR results for COVID-19 from December 2020 to April 2021. The inclusion criteria for the case samples were patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on RT-PCR and the exclusion criteria were incomplete medical records. Characteristic analysis was carried out using the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: The most common comorbidities found in patients with severe COVID-19 were diabetes mellitus and HIV. The most common comorbidity found in moderate-level COVID-19 patients was pregnant women. The most common chest X-rays finding in severe and critical levels was bilateral infiltrates. Recovered patients were mostly obtained at moderate level, while deceased patients were mostly observed at critical levels. Conclusion: Characteristics of COVID-19 patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital were classified based on the degree of disease by age, lymphocyte value, N/L ratio, levels of CRP, D-dimer, procalcitonin, fibrinogen, ferritin, and comorbidities as well as the appearance of infiltrates in both lung fields.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION MODELS OF HD 189733b AND HD 209458b WITH CONSISTENT MAGNETIC DRAG AND OHMIC DISSIPATION

We present the first three-dimensional circulation models for extrasolar gas giant atmospheres with geometrically and energetically consistent treatments of magnetic drag and ohmic dissipation. Atmospheric resistivities are continuously updated and calculated directly from the flow structure, strongly coupling the magnetic effects with the circulation pattern. We model the hot Jupiters HD 189733b (T eq ≈ 1200 K) and HD 209458b (T eq ≈ 1500 K) and test planetary magnetic field strengths from 0 to 30 G. We find that even at B = 3 G the atmospheric structure and circulation of HD 209458b are strongly influenced by magnetic effects, while the cooler HD 189733b remains largely unaffected, even in the case of B = 30 G and super-solar metallicities. Our models of HD 209458b indicate that magnetic effects can substantially slow down atmospheric winds, change circulation and temperature patterns, and alter observable properties. These models establish that longitudinal and latitudinal hot spot offsets, day–night flux contrasts, and planetary radius inflation are interrelated diagnostics of the magnetic induction process occurring in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters and other similarly forced exoplanets. Most of the ohmic heating occurs high in the atmosphere and on the dayside of the planet, while the heating at depth is strongly dependent on the internal heat flux assumed for the planet, with more heating when the deep atmosphere is hot. We compare the ohmic power at depth in our models, and estimates of the ohmic dissipation in the bulk interior (from general scaling laws), to evolutionary models that constrain the amount of heating necessary to explain the inflated radius of HD 209458b. Our results suggest that deep ohmic heating can successfully inflate the radius of HD 209458b for planetary magnetic field strengths of B ⩾ 3–10 G.
THE FERMI BUBBLE AS A SOURCE OF COSMIC RAYS IN THE ENERGY RANGE >1015 eV

The Fermi Large Area Telescope has recently discovered two giant gamma-ray bubbles that extend north and south of the Galactic center with diameters and heights of the order of H ∼ 10 kpc. We suggest that the periodic star capture processes by the Galactic supermassive black hole Sgr A*, with a capture rate of τ−1cap ∼ 3 × 10−5 yr−1 and an energy release of W ∼ 3 × 1052 erg per capture, can result in hot plasma injecting into the Galactic halo at a wind velocity of u ∼ 108 cm s−1. The periodic injection of hot plasma can produce a series of shocks. Energetic protons in the bubble are re-accelerated when they interact with these shocks. We show that for energy larger than E > 1015 eV, the acceleration process can be better described by the stochastic second-order Fermi acceleration. We propose that hadronic cosmic rays (CRs) within the “knee” of the observed CR spectrum are produced by Galactic supernova remnants distributed in the Galactic disk. Re-acceleration of these particles in the Fermi Bubble produces CRs beyond the knee. With a mean CR diffusion coefficient in this energy range in the bubble DB ∼ 3 × 1030 cm2 s−1, we can reproduce the spectral index of the spectrum beyond the knee and within it. The conversion efficiency from shock energy of the bubble into CR energy is about 10%. This model provides a natural explanation of the observed CR flux, spectral indices, and matching of spectra at the knee.
Three-dimensional orientation measurement of a single fluorescent nanoemitter by polarization analysis

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the three-dimensional orientation of a single fluorescent nano-emitter can be determined by polarization analysis of the emitted light (while excitation polarization analysis provides only the in-plane orientation). The determination of the emitter orientation by polarimetry requires a theoretical description including the objective numerical aperture, the 1D or 2D nature of the emitting dipole and the environment close to the dipole. We develop a model covering most experimentally relevant microscopy configurations and provide analytical relations useful for orientation measurements. We perform polarimetric measurements on high-quality core-shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals and demonstrate that they can be approximated by two orthogonal degenerated dipoles. Finally, we show that the orientation of a dipole can be inferred by polarimetric measurement even for a dipole in the vicinity of a gold film, while in this case the well-established defocused microscopy is not appropriate.
Multivalley spin relaxation in the presence of high in-plane electric fields in n -type GaAs quantum wells

Multivalley spin relaxation in $n$-type GaAs quantum wells with in-plane electric field is investigated at high temperature by means of kinetic spin Bloch equation approach. The spin-relaxation time first increases and then decreases with electric field, especially when the temperature is relatively low. We show that $L$ valleys play the role of a ``drain'' of the total spin polarization due to the large spin-orbit coupling in $L$ valleys and the strong $\ensuremath{\Gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}L$ intervalley scattering, and thus can enhance spin relaxation of the total system effectively when the in-plane electric field is high. Under electric field, spin precession resulting from the electric-field-induced magnetic field is observed. Meanwhile, due to the strong $\ensuremath{\Gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}L$ intervalley scattering as well as the strong inhomogeneous broadening in $L$ valleys, electron spins in $L$ valleys possess almost the same damping rate and precession frequency as those in $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ valley. This feature still holds when a finite static magnetic field is applied in Voigt configuration, despite that the $g$ factor of $L$ valleys is much larger than that of $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ valley. Moreover, it is shown that the property of spin precession of the whole system is dominated by electrons in $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ valley. Temperature, magnetic field, and impurity can affect spin relaxation in low electric-field regime. However, they are shown to have marginal influence in high electric-field regime.
TransYOLO: High-Performance Object Detector for Forward Looking Sonar Images

As a common phenomenon, most modern detectors for forward looking sonar (FLS) images rely heavily on pyramid structure and stream fusion to enhance information and improve performance. But for FLS images with fuzzy boundaries, complex gradients and low information resolution, excavating more potential information representation is necessary. Considering the fuzzy boundaries and complex gradients of FLS images, a transformer feature fusion network (TFFN) based on the transformer stack structure is proposed to promote information fusion. Additionally, we also propose a novel method called ellipse quality evaluation (EQE) to improve the reliability of localization quality estimation, reduce the false detection rate caused by low resolution, and thus improve the detection performance. Finally, we present an anchor-free method based on TFFN and EQE, called TransYOLO. Experiments show that our detector has reached an advanced level in the FLS dataset. Compared with the state-of-the-art detectors, the proposed detector has the best detection performance when it is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed on the four evaluation metrics in the FLS dataset.