Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrical Investigation of Wake-Up in High Endurance Fatigue-Free La and Y Doped HZO Metal–Ferroelectric–Metal Capacitors

High endurance of 10<sup>11</sup> cycles is demonstrated in ~9–10-nm stoichiometric Hafnium Zirconate (HZO) metal–ferroelectric–metal (MFM) capacitors deposited using Cl precursors with La and Y dopants. La doping is shown to offer higher remnant polarization than Y. Investigation of doped layers with asymmetric polarization versus electric field (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) measurements and unipolar fatigue cycles suggests that in the pristine state, the HZO is comprised of ferroelectric domains with internal built-in electric field-induced pinned coercive field (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Doping is shown to increase the pinning effect and two distinct groups of ferroelectric domains emerge, which is antialigned at zero applied electric field (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The antiferroelectric-like (pinched <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> loop) behavior is therefore attributed to internal built-in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-induced pinning of the domains during growth and/or annealing steps. The initial wake-up is attributed to gradual depinning of the domains with bipolar electric pulses. Suppression of monoclinic phase was observed in doped layers that survive 10<sup>11</sup> cycles. The wake-up is shown to be dependent on total duration and magnitude of bipolar electric pulses. Precycling scheme is demonstrated for stable operation at a lower field.
Graph-Based Algebraic Multigrid for Lagrange-Type Finite Elements on Simplicial Meshes

We present an algebraic multigrid preconditioner which uses only the graphs of system matrices. Some elementary coarsening rules are stated, from which an advancing front algorithm for the selection of coarse grid nodes is derived. This technique can be applied to linear Lagrange-type nite element discretizations; for higher-order elements an extension of the multigrid algorithm is provided. Both two-and three-dimensional second order elliptic problems can be handled. Numerical experiments show that the resulting convergence acceleration is comparable to classical geometric multigrid.
Optimized Framework for Intrusion Detection Using Data Mining Techniques in Wireless Lan With Deep Learning Techniques

The developments of technology and computer digital systems are now pervasive across the globe and the world has rendered an invisible and unviable from day to day existence. The detailed assessment details of Mobile and Pervasive Computing applied to electrical and electronic devices, which are intangible and considering the context of evolutionary theory that refers to them as pervasive environments. The urban development concept, the future will be a connected web of networked computers and models of integrated networks system. Due to their broad usage in metropolitan environments, the signiﬁcant mobile devices have been enriched the urban planning strategy of ubiquitous computing, which is designed for the urban growth. According to the action plan, the data mining tools will be employed to assist the IDS building efforts in order to help alleviate these issues. This has found that the Intrusion Detection technologies have been used in conjunction with data mining strategies to spot attacks in the system. An Intrusion Detection System is used to control the network operations, used to track and filter out the unwanted data with decision tree. The mobile crowd sourcing technologies were applied to smart environments; the world by integrating and coordinating all of the technology resources. These algorithms are evaluated for their use in discovering the unknown attacks in the mobile communication systems.
An overview of methodologies for the determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor air

Abstract Volatile organic compounds are a broad and important class of pollutants affecting the indoor air quality. They are emitted from commercial products, building materials, furniture, occupant activities and even occupants, etc., and can participate in the indoor chemistry reacting with oxidants or being formed from secondary reactions. Some VOCs are classified as carcinogens and are associated with a variety of health effects. Characterizing and quantifying the VOCs in the indoor environments is of paramount importance in order to implement preventive measures to minimize the human exposure. A correct assessment of human exposure or characterization of emission sources and indoor activities requires appropriate and efficient methods for sampling and analysis. Therefore, this review focuses on the different methodologies for monitoring VOC that must be selected when a sampling plan is designed considering the objective of the measure. Selecting the most suitable procedures for assessing VOCs requires proper knowledge on the existing standards and off-line (including the selection of the sorbent media) and online instrumentation. Knowing the advantages and drawbacks of the different techniques available can help to plan future studies.
The structure and content of IC 1613.

Local Group dwarf galaxy IC 1613 is subjected to photoelectric and photographic surveys in order to establish its structure and content. Isophotes illustrate its structure and are compared with galaxy-wide star counts. Analysis of isophotes suggests that IC 1613 may be dominated by a thin disk with an angle of inclination to the sky of about 50/sup 0/ and a major-axis position angle of about 90/sup 0/. Integrated magnitude is B/sub 0/=9.80 and the absolute magnitude is M/sub B,0/=-14.63. Luminosity profiles show an exponential decrease outward with a gradient of 1.19 mag per kpc. The bright-star density has a considerably steeper slope, indicating that the luminosity function changes with position in the sense that the proportion of bright stars (M/sub B/< or approx. =-3) decreases outward. The present data agree well with the luminosity function published by Sandage and Katem.The integrated color of IC 1613 and its color distribution are derived from the photoelectric measurements. The total color is B--V=+0.71 +- 0.05, and the color is blue in regions rich in bright stars and redder in outer areas, possibly due to the apparent old-star envelope population.Twenty OB associations are identified and are shown to be concentrated primarily in the coremore » and in the NE and NW quadrants of the galaxy. They are more narrowly distributed spatially than the general field stars with B< or approx. =-3, and in size, density, and content are very similar to those in NGC 6822, having a mean diameter of 164 pc. There is a tight correlation between size and population. A list of 43 possible star clusters is given, most of them similar in size and population to the Pleiades or M11. This is at least as many clusters as would be expected on the basis of extrapolation from the LMC. The dust content, judged from the lack of many dark nebulae and from background galaxy counts, is probably small. It is tentatively concluded that the relative dust content of irregular galaxies is a function of galaxy mass. « less
Enhancement of electron mobility and thermoelectric power factor of cobalt‐doped n‐type Bi2Te3

We report the enhancement of electron mobility and power factor for 3D topological insulator Bi2Te3 with Cobalt (Co) doping. Thermal variation of resistivity (ρ), thermopower (S), carrier concentration (nH), magneto‐resistance (MR), and magnetization measurements have been performed on synthesized Cobalt‐doped n‐type Bi2Te3, viz., Bi2−xCoxTe3 (x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1) samples. Theoretical simulation of electrical and thermal transport parameters has been done in the frame of the Boltzmann equation approach and shows satisfactory agreement with experimental results. The thermoelectric performance, as estimated through power factor is found to increase with Co doping, with an enhancement of ~47% is observed for Bi1.9Co0.1Te3 sample. The positive linear MR and nearly cusp like behaviour at low field and low temperature confirms the presence of weak anti‐localization (WAL) effects in pristine and Co‐doped Bi2Te3 samples. The field‐dependent magnetization showing a cusp‐like nature in the susceptibility data around zero field regions signifies the existence of topological surface state (TSS). MR along with magnetization data confirms the robustness of TSS with Co doping.
Effects of Militancy Activities on Secondary School Students' Dropout in the Niger Delta Region.

Purpose: This study examines how the militancy activities (attacks, hostility, unfairness and victimization) in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria influenced secondary school students’ dropout (SSSD) and the implications for educational development. Methodology: The research design adopted was descriptive survey design using the cross-sectional data from 904 students of 30 public secondary schools located in the communities with high militancy activities in three of the nine Niger Delta states. The direct influence of the outcomes of militancy activities on SSSD were tested using hierarchical regression. Results: The results show that the outcomes of militancy activities were associated positively with SSSD, indicating that the outcomes of the militancy activities significantly influence SSSD in the study population. The present study contributes to knowledge and extends research on the effects of the militancy activities on secondary school students’ dropout and enrolment in school programmes. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The findings have practical and policy implications for educational development in the Niger Delta region. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that government should create employment opportunities for the youths.
Further understanding of thyroid function in pregnant women

ABSTRACT Introduction Normal thyroid status throughout pregnancy is important for both maternal and fetal health. Despite the bulk of contemporary research honing on thyroid function in gestation and the relevant disorders, there are still gaps in our current knowledge about the etiology and treatment of thyroid diseases in pregnant women. Areas covered This article analyzes the adaptation of the thyroid gland to gestational physiological changes and attempts to explain the effect of several factors on thyroid function in pregnancy. It also stresses proper utilization and interpretation of thyroid tests during pregnancy and underlines the significance of proper screening and treatment of pregnant women aiming at favorable health outcomes. Expert opinion Appropriate strategies for diagnosing and treating thyroid disease in pregnancy are important. Laboratory thyroid testing plays a leading role, but test results should be interpreted with caution. Given the possible serious maternal and fetal/neonatal complications of thyroid disease in pregnancy, we recommend universal screening with TSH measurements of all pregnant women. Additional assessment with determination of the levels of free thyroid hormones and thyroid antibodies may be necessary under certain conditions. The economic burden of such interventions should be considered.
Transparency in governance: A comparative study of right-to-information legislation in India, Indonesia and Nigeria

This article discusses how the Right to Information Act in India, Nigeria and Indonesia can have an influence on ensuring transparency and accountability in the government system. The acts pertaining to the right to information in these three countries were implemented after long proceedings and deep struggles. The article looks at the legislation on the right to information in these three countries, the factors that motivated each of them to adopt the legislation, the implementation of the Right to Information Act, the challenges faced during the passage of the Act, the scope of coverage of the provisions of the Acts of all three countries, exceptions to the information disclosed to the public and problems faced during implementation from the government's side and the user's side. The article concludes with a summary of the arguments and key policy recommendations.
The Diagnostic Value of Circulating Cell-Free HPV DNA in Plasma from Cervical Cancer Patients

Circulating cell-free HPV DNA (ccfHPV DNA) may serve as a marker for cervical cancer. In this study, we used digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) to detect and quantify ccfHPV DNA in plasma from patients with HPV16- or HPV18-associated cervical cancer. Blood samples from 60 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer (FIGO IA1-IVA) at Aarhus or Odense University Hospital (June 2018 to March 2020) were collected prior to treatment, and patients were subdivided into an early stage (n = 30) and a late-stage subgroup (n = 30) according to disease stage. Furthermore, blood samples from eight women with HPV16- or 18-associated premalignant conditions (CIN3), and 15 healthy controls were collected. ddPCR was used to analyze plasma from all participants. ccfHPV DNA was detected in 19 late-stage patients (63.33%), 3 early stage patients (10.00%), and none of the CIN3 patients or controls. Quantitative evaluation showed significant correlations between ccfHPV DNA level and stage, tumor score, and tumor size. Thus, our results indicate that ccfHPV DNA may not be a useful marker for early detection of cervical cancer. However, for patients with advanced stage cervical cancer, ccfHPV DNA level represents a promising tool to establish tumor burden, making it useful for establishing treatment response and monitoring the disease.
Security Monitoring of the Microgrid Using IEC 62351-7 Network and System Management

Microgrids, as one of the major components of the smart grid, are among the crucial pillars of building a distributed and reliable energy infrastructure system. Therefore, ensuring the secure and attack-resilient operation of microgrids paves the way toward reaching end-to-end security in the future smart grid. In this paper, we present the first design and implementation of a Network and System Management (NSM) security monitoring platform for microgrids in accordance with the specifications of the IEC 62351-7:2017 standard. The security monitoring platform is deployed in a real-time Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) smart grid co-simulation testbed on which a microgrid model is simulated. A hybrid rule-based and machine learning anomaly detection scheme using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is developed to detect attacks targeting the microgrid. To evaluate the effectiveness of the NSM security monitoring platform, attacks are simulated against the micro-grid. The results obtained from these simulations demonstrate the strengths and gaps of NSM security monitoring.
Heterogeneously Integrated Quantum Chip Interposer Packaging

Quantum computers provide faster solutions to specific compute-intensive classical problems. However, building a fault-tolerant quantum computer architecture is challenging and demands integrating several qubits with optimized signal routing while maintaining its quantum coherence. Experimental realization of such quantum computers with diverse functional components in a planar monolithic device architecture is challenging due to material and thermodynamic mismatch between various elements. Furthermore, it requires complex control and routing, resulting in parasitic modes and reduced qubit coherence. Thus, a scalable interposer architecture is essential to merge and interconnect different functionalities within a sophisticated chip while maintaining qubit coherence. As such, heterogeneous integration is an optimum solution to scale the qubit technology. We propose a heterogeneously integrated quantum chip optoelectronics interposer as a solution to the high-density scalable qubit architecture. Our technology is high-volume manufacturable and provides novel optical I/O solutions for on-chip, chip-to-chip, and cryogenic-to-outside world interconnect.
Different factors limit early‐ and late‐season windows of opportunity for monarch development

Abstract Seasonal windows of opportunity are intervals within a year that provide improved prospects for growth, survival, or reproduction. However, few studies have sufficient temporal resolution to examine how multiple factors combine to constrain the seasonal timing and extent of developmental opportunities. Here, we document seasonal changes in milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis)–monarch (Danaus plexippus) interactions with high resolution throughout the last three breeding seasons prior to a precipitous single‐year decline in the western monarch population. Our results show early‐ and late‐season windows of opportunity for monarch recruitment that were constrained by different combinations of factors. Early‐season windows of opportunity were characterized by high egg densities and low survival on a select subset of host plants, consistent with the hypothesis that early‐spring migrant female monarchs select earlier‐emerging plants to balance a seasonal trade‐off between increasing host plant quantity and decreasing host plant quality. Late‐season windows of opportunity were coincident with the initiation of host plant senescence, and caterpillar success was negatively correlated with heatwave exposure, consistent with the hypothesis that late‐season windows were constrained by plant defense traits and thermal stress. Throughout this study, climatic and microclimatic variations played a foundational role in the timing and success of monarch developmental windows by affecting bottom‐up, top‐down, and abiotic limitations. More exposed microclimates were associated with higher developmental success during cooler conditions, and more shaded microclimates were associated with higher developmental success during warmer conditions, suggesting that habitat heterogeneity could buffer the effects of climatic variation. Together, these findings show an important dimension of seasonal change in milkweed–monarch interactions and illustrate how different biotic and abiotic factors can limit the developmental success of monarchs across the breeding season. These results also suggest the potential for seasonal sequences of favorable or unfavorable conditions across the breeding range to strongly affect monarch population dynamics.
How to Promote Online Education through Educational Software - An Analytical Study of Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling with Chinese Users as an Example

Online learning has emerged as a fresh method to successfully prevent teacher and student gatherings as well as the propagation of viruses in the context of the ongoing influence of the COVID-19. A problem deserving of consideration is how to increase users’ desire to participate in online learning through online class APPs, identify the variables that affect users’ use of them, and create a useful assessment scale. In this study, user ratings from 68 students who had used an online class APP were collected using the combination of qualitative and quantitative research, and 200 online questionnaires were sent out to complement the interview findings, based on which 328 assessment questionnaires were gathered and 23 valid items were obtained. The influencing elements that had an impact on users’ online learning experiences were identified using factor analysis, and the relationships among the components were investigated using structural equation modeling. Perceived benefits are the main influencing factors, subjective norms and functional quality are the direct factors influencing users’ perceived benefits, and self-efficacy is influenced by subjective norms while promoting the perception of functional quality. The factors influencing users’ use of online class APPs are ultimately identified as perceived benefits, functional quality and self-efficacy. In order to facilitate users’ online learning, user psychological traits, social ties and software functions should be integrated into a cohesive system while designing online class APPs.
Data-driven predictive modeling of Hubble parameter

We redesign the generalized pressure dark energy (GPDE) model, which is covering three common types of pressure parameterizations, with the help of a caloric framework to construct a theoretical ground for the machine learning (ML) analysis of cosmic Hubble parameter. The theoretical setup was optimized to find out appropriate values of its arbitrary parameters with the help of genetic neural network (GNN) algorithm and the most recent observational measurements of Hubble parameter. Since there is a shortcoming that the GNN process does not provide a direct method to calculate errors on the optimized values of free model parameters, we therefore take the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) algorithm into account to deal with this issue. We see that the best-fitting value of Hubble constant and dimensionless dark energy density are in very good agreement with the most recent observations. Also, we discussed the optimized model from a cosmological perspective by making use of the evolutionary behavior of some cosmological parameters to present additional cosmological aspects of our theoretical proposal. It is concluded that our model implies physically meaningful results. In summary, the constructed model can explain the current accelerated expansion phase of the cosmos via Hubble parameter successfully.
Experimental evidence from a fodder shrub promotional effort among dairy farmers in Uganda

ABSTRACT Previous research has demonstrated the potential of fodder tree technology (FTT) in bolstering milk yields and quality among small-scale dairy producers. Yet, FTT adoption at recommended levels is low. To suport producers overcome the adoption hurdle,, we conducted a randomised field experiment in Eastern Uganda to compare an innovative add-on intervention designed to address several behavioural-related FTT adoption barriers against a base training and seedling access intervention and a control. We observe a 19% greater increase in new FTT uptake among producers in our two intervention groups. However, we find that our add-on intervention failed to induce a differential effect.
Acoustic and magnetic hybrid actuated immune cell robot for target and kill cancer cells

Macrophage immunotherapy is a promising clinical approach to treat cancer. However, low targeting efficiency severely limits the immunotherapeutic effect of macrophages. Here, we report a unique macrophage robot that can target and kill cancer cells using a combination of external acoustic and magnetic fields. First, the inactive macrophages (Mø) are magnetized by endocytosis of the $\gamma$-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (FeNPs). Then, the magnetized M⊘can be moved towards the capillary wall under the influence of an acoustic radiation force generated from a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric (PZT) transducer. Finally, the magnetized cells rotate forward under the action of alternating magnetic fields (AMF). During the process of magnetizing macrophages, FeNPs activate the anti-tumor immune activity of macrophages (M1) to induce cancer cell death. Overall, the present study highlights a novel cell robot that can target and kill cancer cells. Considering that the nanoparticles, macrophages, magnetic fields, and ultrasound technology have all been FDA approved for clinical settings, our targeted delivery system has tremendous clinical translational potential.