Comparison of Macro and Micro Mineral Compositions of Some Alternative Protein Sources Used in Livestock with Respect of Fish Diets Requirements in Turkey

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to compare the macro and micro mineral composition of some protein sources used in livestock production in Turkey. There are significant (P<0.001) variations among protein sources. The legume grain sources had a significant (P<0.001) effect on the macro and micro mineral contents. The calcium (Ca) content of L. Sativus was significantly (P<0.001) higher than those of legume seeds and soybean meal (SBM). On the other hand phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) contents of legume grains was significantly lower than that of SBM. The zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) contents of legume seeds were significantly lower than that of SBM. Grains from Vicia pregrina, Pisum elatius and Vicia narbonensis are deficient in calcium to meet requirement of catfish and tilapia for optimum growth. Vicia peregrina , Pisum elatius and Vicia narbonensis should be supplemented with calcium to meet the requirement for optimum growth of fish. The legume grains studied in the current experiment are deficient in phosphorus to meet requirement of catfish, rainbow trout, common carp and tilapia for optimum growth whereas legume grains are sufficient in magnesium and zinc to meet requirement of catfish, rainbow trout, common carp and tilapia for optimum growth. On the other hand the legume grains studied in the current experiment are sufficient in iron to meet requirement of catfish and rainbow trout for optimum growth whereas Latirus sativus , Vicia pregrina and Pisum elatius are deficient in iron to meet requirement of common carp. The legume grains studied in the current experiment are sufficient in manganese to meet requirement of catfish whereas the legume grains are insufficient in manganese to meet requirement of rainbow trout and common carp. Although Vicia narbonensis are sufficient in copper to meet requirement of catfish, rainbow trout, common carp, Vicia peregrina and Pisum elatius are insufficient in copper to meet requirement of catfish, rainbow trout and common carp. As a conclusion, grains from Lathyrus sativus , Vicia peregrina , Pisum elatius and Vicia narbonensis used as a alternative protein sources in fish diets should be supplemented with minerals which are deficient to obtain the optimum performance from fish. Key Words : Fish, legume grain, macro minerals, micro minerals Turkiye’de Hayvan Beslemede Kullanilan Bazi Alternatif Protein Kaynaklarinin Baliklarin Besin Madde Gereksinimi Baz Alinarak Makro ve Mikro Mineral Iceriklerinin Karsilastirilmasi OZET: Bu calismanin amaci, Turkiye’de hayvan beslemede kullanilan alternatif protein kaynaklarinin makro ve mikro mineral iceriklerini karsilastirmaktir. Protein kaynaklari arasinda mineral madde bakimindan onemli varyasyonlar mevcuttur. Baklagil cesidi, danelerin makro ve mikro element iceriklerini onemli derecede etkilemistir. Murdumugun ( Lathyrus sativus ), kalsiyum (Ca) iceriginin diger baklagil daneleri ve soya kuspesinin kalsiyum iceriginden daha yuksek oldugu bulunmustur. Diger taraftan, baklagil tohumlarinin fosfor (P), magnezyum (Mg) ve potasyum (K) icerikleri soya kuspesinden daha dusuk bulunmustur. Baklagil tohumlarinin cinko (Zn), demir (Fe), manganez (Mn) ve bakir (Cu) icerikleri de soya kuspesinden daha dusuk bulunmustur. Culban ( Vicia pregrina), yabani bezelye (Pisum elatius) ve koca fig (Vicia narbonensis) tohumlari kalsiyum icerigi bakimindan yayin baligi ve tilapialarin optimum buyumeleri icin yeterli degildirler. Bu yuzden, culban ( Vicia pregrina ), yabani bezelye ( Pisum elatius ) ve koca fig ( Vicia narbonensis ) tohumlari kalsiyum bakimindan desteklenmelidir. Bu calismada kullanilan baklagil daneleri fosfor icerigi bakimindan yayin baligi, gokkusagi alabaligi, pullu sazan ve tilapialarin optimum buyumesi icin yeterli olmamasina ragmen, baklagil daneleri magnezyum ve cinko bakimindan yayin baligi, gokkusagi alabaligi, pullu sazan ve tilapia baliklarinin optimum buyumesi icin yeterlidir. Diger taraftan bu calismada kullanilan baklagil daneleri demir bakimindan yayin baligi ve gokkusagi alabaliklarin optimum buyumeleri icin yeterli olmasina ragmen murdumuk, culban ve yabani bezelye pullu sazan baliklarinin ihtiyacini karsilamada yetersizdir. Bu calismada kullanilan baklagil daneleri manganez bakimindan yayin baliklarinin ihtiyacini karsilamada yeterli olmasina ragmen, baklagil daneleri manganez bakimindan gokkusagi alabaligi ve pullu sazan baliklarinin ihtiyaclarini karsilamada yetersizdir. Koca fig yayin baligi, gokkusagi alabaligi ve pullu sazan baliklarinin bakir ihtiyacini karsilamada yeterli iken, culban ve yabani bezelye yayin baligi, gokkusagi alabaligi ve pullu sazan baliklarinin bakir ihtiyacini karsilamada yetersizdir. Sonuc olarak, alternatif protein kaynagi olarak kullanilan murdumuk, culban ve koca figin baliklarda optimum performans elde etmek icin eksik oldugu minerallerce zenginlestirilmesi gereklidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Baklagil dane, balik, makro mineral, mikro mineral