Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Financial Crisis in Indonesia based on Import and Yen Exchange Rate to Rupiah Indicators using Combined of Volatility and Markov Switching Models

: In 1997 and 1998 Indonesia experienced the most severe financial crisis, so early detection is needed to anticipate the impact of the crisis. The financial crisis can be detected by import and yen exchange rate to rupiah indicators. In this paper, it used import and yen exchange rate to rupiah data from January 1990 to December 2016 to form the model, while the data from January until December 2017 were used to validate the model. To overcome the problem of structural change in the data, it is used Markov switching model, while to detect the volatility shift it is used ARCH model and the combination of both models is Markov switching ARCH (SWARCH) model. The aim of this study is to determine the appropriate model and to detect financial crisis based on import and yen exchange rate to rupiah indicators. The results show that the appropriate model for import and yen exchange rate to rupiah data is SWARCH(2,1). Based on the model, it can be predicted that Indonesia will not experience a financial crisis in 2018.
Providing a new three stage data envelopment analysis model (DEA) in fuzzy environment

The data envelopment analysis models (DEA) are provided to measure set of relative efficiency from decision making unit with different inputs to make different outputs. For a discussion of inaccurate data, the fuzzy concept is introduced . it is main objective of this paper to provide a new method for evaluating the efficiency in method of network data envelopment analysis that using inaccurate data fuzzy. The proposed methods to calculate the efficiency has been done in tow-stage yet, however in this study the three-stage are used to evaluate the efficiency.
Ruminal protein metabolites and fibre fermentation differ among nonfibre carbohydrate and protein sources

Effects of nonfi bre carbohydrate source (NFC) and protein degradability (RDP) in vivo on concentrations of NH3, amino acids, and branch chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA) in ruminal fl uid, and on in situ disappearance of neutral detergent fi bre (NDF) were evaluated. Treatment differences noted in BCVFA and amino acid concentrations suggest that ruminal protein digestion or use differs by NFC source. NFC source and the interaction of NFC × RDP affected in situ NDF disappearance; the effects did not appear to purely pH related. In situ NDF disappearance provided relative, not absolute, evaluation of NDF digestibility.
Sweet sorghum biorefinery for production of fuel ethanol and value-added co-products.

Abstract. An integrated process has been proposed for a sweet sorghum biorefinery in which all carbohydrate components of the feedstock were used for production of fuel ethanol and industrial chemicals. In the first step, the juice was extracted from the stalks. The resultant bagasse was then pretreated using the soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA) process, which did not result in significant loss of cellulose and hemicellulose, to enhance subsequent enzyme hydrolysis for production of fermentable sugars. Following pretreatment, the bagasse was hydrolyzed with a commercial enzyme product containing high hemicellulase activity (Accellerase XY). The xylose-rich solution obtained after solid/liquid separation was used for production of value-added co-products using suitable microorganisms. The value-added co-products produced to demonstrate the feasibility were astaxanthin and D-ribose. The residual solids were then hydrolyzed with a commercial enzyme product containing high cellulase activity (Accellerase 1500), with the juice extracted in the first step used as make-up water. By combining the sugar in the juice with the glucose released from the residual solids by enzyme hydrolysis, high ethanol concentrations could be achieved, which resulted in lower distillation cost than if pure water were used for enzyme hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation, as normally performed in cellulosic ethanol production.
Microbial ecology, inoculant distribution, and gene flux within populations of bacteria colonizing the surface of plants: case study of a GMM field release in the United Kingdom

The rationale used to design investigations for the release and monitoring of a genetically modified microorganism (GMM) in the environment is described. Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 was selected from the natural microflora of the sugarbeet plant surface to generate a GMM. SBW25 was genetically modified with the insertion of two marker gene cassettes, kanr-xylE (kanamycin resistance and catechol 2,3 dioxygenase activity) and lacZY (β-galactosidase and lactose permease). The pre-release safety evaluation and greenhouse-based microcosm studies of the fate of the GMM in the phytosphere are described. The design of the release site in the UK is outlined. The survival, dispersal, and persistence of GMM after field release are described.
Effet du ver de terre Aporrectodea caliginosa sur la croissance des plantes, leur développement et leur résistance aux pathogènes : réponse physiologique et moléculaire de la plante à l'émission de molécules-signal

Les plantes se developpent et evoluent en interaction avec les organismes du sol. L'impact des vers de terre sur la croissance des plantes, generalement positif, a ete attribue a des modifications physiques, chimiques ou biochimiques du sol, souvent sans demonstration rigoureuse. Dans ce travail, les techniques developpees en sciences du vegetal (culture in vitro, utilisation de mutants et transcriptomique) ont ete utilisees afin de comprendre les mecanismes a l'origine de l'effet des vers de terre sur les plantes. Nos resultats apportent de nouvelles connaissances fondamentales: (1) la production de molecules-signal a l'interieur des dejections de vers de terre a un impact significatif sur la croissance d'Oryza sativa et Lolium perenne. (2) Ces molecules agissent sur la voie de signalisation fortement liee a l'auxine, comme suggere par l'effet significatif du ver de terre sur la croissance du double mutant d'A. thaliana aux1-7;axr4-2. (3) L'abondance de ces molecules-signal en presence de vers de terre pourrait etre liee a la stimulation de certaines populations bacteriennes capables de synthetiser de l'auxine. (4) Le ver de terre induit une accumulation de transcrits pour des genes sous controle de l'acide jasmonique et de l'ethylene. Ces hormones sont notamment impliquees dans un mecanisme de resistance systemique induite (ISR), connu pour etre induit par certaines rhizobacteries promotrices de la croissance des plantes. Enfin, (5) le pietin echaudage, maladie due a un champignon pathogene, declenche chez le ble (Triticum aestivum) une reaction d'hypersensibilite et une modification de la signalisation hormonale, qui sont considerees comme des mecanismes de controle du metabolisme de la plante qui facilitent l'infection du pathogene. La severite de cette maladie est reduite en presence de vers de terre. La synthese de ces resultats indique que les vers de terre, comme d'autres organismes du sol, modifient l'equilibre hormonal de la plante. L'homeostasie hormonale apparait comme un element incontournable pour predire l'issue des interactions multiples que les plantes entretiennent avec les organismes du sol
Chemical characterization and in vitro biological activity of four tropical legumes, Styzolobium aterrimum L., Styzolobium deeringianum, Leucaena leucocephala, and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, as compared with a tropical grass, Cynodon spp. for the use in ruminant diets.

Leucaena leucocephala (LEU) and three under-utilized tanniferous legumes, Styzolobium ater- rimum L. (STA), Styzolobium deeringianum (STD), and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth (MIC) were chemically characterized and the biological activity of tannins was evaluated using in vitro simulated ruminal fermenta- tion through tannin-binding polyethylene glycol (PEG) and compared with a non-tanniferous tropical grass hay, Cynodon spp. (CYN). The Hohenheim gas test was used and gas production (GP) was recorded at 4, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, 80, and 96 h incubation with and without PEG. Kinetic parameters were estimated by an exponential model. STA, STD, and LEU contained higher (P < 0.05) crude protein than MIC, which had greater neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre. Total phenols, total tannins, and condensed tannins (CT) were consistently the highest in MIC. Gas production was the lowest from MIC (P < 0.05) and the highest in LEU and STA. MIC + PEG largely reduced (P < 0.05) the lag phase and the fractional rate of fermentation and increased potential GP. Kinetic parameters of STA + PEG and LEU + PEG were not affected. LEU + PEG produced greater gas increment (P < 0.05) than STD + PEG, although both legumes had the same CT. All legumes except MIC were more extensively degraded than CYN. However, fermentation of the legumes was differently affected by the presence and proportions of CT, indigestible fibre or both.
Macrobenthic nematodes as biological indicators in a Mediterranean lowland river in Central Italy: a case study.

To test their effectiveness as biological indicators, the distribution of macrobenthic nematodes (retained by a sieve with mesh opening of 0.280 mm) along the River Arrone (Central Italy) was studied in seven soft-bottomed sites variously affected by organic pollution. Significant positive relationships were found between environmental parameters (orthophosphate, ammonium, BOD 5 in the water, and silt/clay and organic matter in the sediments) and densities of both total nematodes and the most abundant species (Tobrilus diversipapillatus, Dorylaimus asymphydorus and Tobrilus gracilis). Relationships were also found between taxa and some biotic indices (EBI modified by GHETTI 1986, and BWMP modified by ALBA TERCEDOR & SANCHEZ-ORTEGA 1988), commonly used in surveillance studies in which nematodes are not considered. Principal Component Analysis performed on nematode taxa densities clearly illustrates these relations, the first component is identified as chemical and biotic gradients and the second as organic matter content and granulometric gradient. The results of this study were compared with the literature reports of taxa found in the River Arrone. All the data suggest that the analysis of the nematode communities can be a promising tool in water quality assessment studies of lowland rivers, because of the good relations between this zoological group and physico-chemical parameters and biotic indices.
Mechanical behavior of recycled fine aggregate concrete after high temperature

This paper reports mechanical behavior of recycled fine aggregate concretes after high temperatures. It is found that compressive strength of recycled fine aggregate concretes decline significantly as the temperature rises. The elastic modulus of recycled fine aggregate concretes decreases with the increase in temperature, and the decrease is much quicker than the decrease in compressive strength. The split tensile strength of recycled fine aggregate concrete decrease as the temperature rises. Through the regression analysis, the relationship of the mechanical behavior with temperature are proposed, including the compressive behavior, elastic modulus and split tensile strength, which are fitting the test data.
Using an inverse-logistic model to describe growth increments of blacklip abalone ( Haliotis rubra ) in Tasmania

A new description of growth in blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) with the use of an inverse-logistic model is introduced. The inverse-logistic model avoids the disadvantageous assumptions of either rapid or slow growth for small and juvenile individuals implied by the von Bertalanffy and Gompertz growth models, respectively, and allows for indeterminate growth where necessary. An inverse-logistic model was used to estimate the expected mean growth increment for different black-lip abalone populations around southern Tasmania, Australia. Estimates of the time needed for abalone to grow from settlement until recruitment (at 138 mm shell length) into the fishery varied from eight to nine years. The variability of the residuals about the predicted mean growth increments was described with either a second inverse-logistic relationship (standard deviation vs. initial length) or by a power relationship (standard deviation vs. predicted growth increment). The inverse-logistic model can describe linear growth of small and juvenile abalone (as observed in Tasmania), as well as a spectrum of growth possibilities, from determinate to indeterminate growth (a spectrum that would lead to a spread of maximum lengths).
Leeway: Addressing Variability in Dead-Block Prediction for Last-Level Caches

The looming breakdown of Moore's Law and the end of voltage scaling are ushering a new era where neither transistors nor the energy to operate them is free. This calls for a new regime in computer systems, one in which every transistor counts. Caches are essential for processor performance and represent the bulk of modern processor's transistor budget. To get more performance out of the cache hierarchy, future processors will rely on effective cache management policies.This paper identifies variability in generational behavior of cache blocks as a key challenge for cache management policies that aim to identify dead blocks as early and as accurately as possible to maximize cache efficiency. We show that existing management policies are limited by the metrics they use to identify dead blocks, leading to low coverage and/or low accuracy in the face of variability. In response, we introduce a new metric – Live Distance – that uses the stack distance to learn the temporal reuse characteristics of cache blocks, thus enabling a dead block predictor that is robust to variability in generational behavior. Based on the reuse characteristics of an application's cache blocks, our predictor – Leeway – classifies application's behavior as streaming-oriented or reuse-oriented and dynamically selects an appropriate cache management policy. By leveraging live distance for LLC management, Leeway outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on single- and multi-core SPEC and manycore CloudSuite workloads.
Characterization of the cell division factor ZapB of Escherichia coli

Bacterial cell division relies on the formation and contraction of the Z-ring, coordinated and regulated by a dynamic protein complex called divisome. Here, we show that ZapB, a newly identified cell division factor in Escherichia coli, is recruited to the division site in the early stages of Z-ring assembly by ZapA. Inactivation or overproduction of ZapA caused ZapB delocalization and diffusion. Bacterial two-hybrid and in vitro assays showed that ZapB interacts directly with ZapA and, through it, with FtsZ and that the three proteins together can form a highmolecular-weight complex. Furthermore, during the cell cycle ZapB closely followed FtsZ dynamic localization but interestingly, using high-resolution 3D reconstruction microscopy, we found that it formed a ring located on the inside of the Z-ring, consistently in all cells in consecutive cell division events. Only in the absence of the bacterial actin homologue MreB, ZapB was not able to constrict ahead of FtsZ and instead co-localized seemingly perfectly with the Z-ring. Morphological analysis of cells carrying a zapB deletion and the ftsZ84 allele exhibited a synthetic detrimental phenotype and cell division defects. A model in which ZapB further increases the lateral association of FtsZ filaments by cross-linking ZapA molecules bound to adjacent FtsZ filaments is supported by light scattering assays and analysis of structures formed by FtsZ-ZapA-ZapB using electron microscopy. Surprisingly, ZapB seemed to be active in cell division in the absence of ZapA raising the possibility that ZapB might have a secondary ZapA-independent function.
THE ROLE OF PREGNANE X RECEPTOR IN RITONAVIR-INDUCED LIVER INJURY

Ritonavir (RTV) is a HIV protease inhibitor and an important component of anti-HIV therapy. Hepatotoxicity has been reported in ~10% of patients who receive RTV-containing regimens. However, the hepatotoxicity of RTV-containing regimens was significantly enhanced in subjects who were pretreated with rifampicin (RIF), a first-line anti-tuberculosis drug. RIF is also known as a ligand of human pregnane X receptor (PXR), a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the liver and regulates drug metabolism and many cellular functions. We hypothesize that RIF-mediated PXR activation potentiates RTV hepatotoxicity. We used a transgenic mouse model that expresses human PXR and human CYP3A4 (TgCYP3A4/hPXR). A CYP3A4 transgenic mouse model on the Pxr-null background (TgCYP3A4/Pxr-null) was used as the control. We found that pretreatment with RIF sensitized the TgCYP3A4/hPXR mice to RTV hepatotoxicity, and this sensitizing effect was abolished in the TgCYP3A4/Pxr-null mice. Furthermore, we found that PXR activation increased RTV bioactivation and unfolded protein response. In summary, PXR is a key modulator of RTV induced liver injury. The results from this study can be used to guide decisions on safety considerations regarding RTV-containing regimens in clinical practice.
The Biology of Sharks and Rays

"The Biology of Sharks and Rays" is a comprehensive resource on the biological and physiological characteristics of the cartilaginous fishes: sharks, rays, and chimaeras. In sixteen chapters, organized by theme, A. Peter Klimley covers a broad spectrum of topics, including taxonomy, morphology, ecology, and physiology. For example, he explains the body design of sharks and why the ridged, tooth-like denticles that cover their entire bodies are present on only part of the rays' bodies and are absent from those of chimaeras. Another chapter explores the anatomy of the jaws and the role of the muscles and teeth in jaw extension, seizure, and handling of prey. The chapters are richly illustrated with pictures of sharks, diagrams of sensory organs, drawings of the body postures of sharks during threat and reproductive displays, and maps showing the extent of the species' foraging range and long-distance migrations. Each chapter commences with an anecdote from the author about his own personal experience with the topic, followed by thought-provoking questions and a list of recommended readings in the scientific literature. The book will be a useful textbook for advanced ichthyology students as well as an encyclopedic source for those seeking a greater understanding of these fascinating creatures.
Outbreaks of Taura Syndrome in Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus vannamei Cultured in Taiwan

In Taiwan, high mortality of cultured Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei juveniles occurred within 3 days of disease onset in March, 1999. Moribund juveniles were anorexic and lethargic, exhibited ataxic swimming behavior, and had opaque musculature, a soft shell and a pale reddish coloration that made the tail fan and pleopods distinctly red. Survivors were found with multifocal, melanized, cuticle lesions on the cephalothorax and abdominal exoskeleton. Necrosis of the cuticular epithelium was found upon histopathological examination of moribund shrimp. Prominent necrosis in the cuticular epithelium and subcutis were found throughout the appendages, cephalothorax and foregut. The necrotic cells had pyknotic nuclei and cytoplasmic spherical inclusions, which ranged from eosinophilic to darkly basophilic. The cytoplasmic inclusions, and pyknotic and karyorrhectic nuclei gave lesions a peppered, or buckshot-riddled, appearance. In situ hybridization analyses using Taura syndrome virus (TSV) -specific cDNA probes showed that 87% of the juveniles examined were TSV positive and that cuticular epithelium was the target tissue. Negative staining of the purified viral preparations revealed the presence of icosahedral particles, 28 to 31 nm in diameter. These results indicate that TSV, or a very similar strains of the same virus, is responsible for the acute mortality of white shrimp in Taiwan. TSV may have been introduced to Southeast Asia with chronically infected brooders or asymptomatic carriers imported from the Western Hemisphere.
Comparison between coronally advanced flap technique and modified tunneling technique utilizing perforated acellular dermal matrix in treatment of multiple gingival recessions

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the root coverage outcomes treated by modified tunneling technique (MTT) and compare it to coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique utilizing perforated acellular dermal matrix (PADM). Subjects and Methods: Twenty patients with 40 gingival recession (GR) sites of Miller class I and class II were selected to participate in this study. Sites treated by MTT were assigned as group I while sites treated by CAF were assigned as group II. PADM was incorporated in both groups. Patient satisfaction test, root coverage esthetic score (RES) system and periodontal chart including recession height (RH), recession width (RW), width of keratinized tissue (KW), Thickness of the keratinized tissue (TKT) were used in the clinical evaluation. Results: MTT showed superior results in relation to patient satisfaction test and RES. CAF showed higher root coverage percentage (94±0.0) than MTT (89.5 ±9.30) without statistically significant difference among them. Conclusion: MTT is considered a good treatment modality for GR, it meets patients demands and gives clinical acceptable results.
Maturity stage at harvest affects fruit ripening, quality and biosynthesis of aroma volatile compounds in ‘Kensington Pride’ mango

Summary The ‘Kensington Pride’ mango at four maturity stages (hard mature green, sprung mature green, half-ripe and ripe) were harvested and allowed to ripen at 21±1˚C. During ripening, the respiration rate and ethylene production were recorded. The ripe fruit were assessed for the quality, fatty acids and production of aroma volatile compounds. Only fruit harvested at the hard mature green stage showed a typical climacteric respiration and ethylene production during fruit ripening. The ripe fruit harvested at the hard mature green stage exhibited higher acids content, lower total sugars and reducing sugars contents, a lower Hunter green-red value (a* = 6.30) and a higher hue angle value (h˚ = 76.20). Fruit maturity stage at harvest did not significantly affect fruit firmness, total soluble solids, non-reducing sugars and total carotenoids of the ripe fruit. Total fatty acids, caproic, lauric, myristic, palmitic and palmitoleic acid were higher in the pulp of ripe fruit harvested at the sprung green stage. Caprilic, capric, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic were higher in the pulp of ripe fruit harvested at the half ripe stage. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids was lower in the ripe fruit harvested at the hard green mature and sprung green stage. The pulp of ripe fruit harvested at the sprung green stage exhibited higher total amounts of the aroma volatiles, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aromatics. Fruit harvested at the fully ripe stage resulted in higher concentrations of esters, alkanes and norisoprenoids. To achieve better quality and greater aroma volatile production of the ripe fruit, mango should be harvested at the sprung green stage.