Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reviewing Dyson’s Analysis of Gravitons, to Investigate Tokamak Graviton Detection, and Gerstsenshtein Coupling Between Photons and Gravitons

In a 2013 paper, Freeman Dyson presented thought experiments challenging the detectability of gravitons via LIGO interferometry and via the Gertsheshtein effect. Dyson assumed a distance of several light years would be required for detection of the interaction between gravitational waves (GWs) and tenuous B fields and photons, making gravitons experimentally undectable. In this paper, we present contrary theoretical evidence for detectability of near-field interaction of gravitons, photons, and a magnetic field. Our first example of 100% probability of the Gertshenshtein effect working is due to a GW generated by a tokamak with a interaction of GW, B field, and photons, in a volume on the order of a few cubic meters. The 100% probability of the Gertshenshtein effect working leads to gravitons interacting with a strong uniform magnetic field, resulting in photons which are detected by appropriate instrumentation. In addition, we will also comment upon another issue, that of relic GW, as may be generated by a new uncertainty principle as elucidated by the author. And how that effects relic considerations as to inflaton physics. I.e. the frequency range of the early universe GW (gravitons? ) and those of gravitons (GW) produced by the Tokamak may be one and the same i.e. very pronounced overlap. And we explain why. Key words: Gertenshtein effect, LIGO, Octonionic, Pre Octonionic, Modified HUP( Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle)
Management practices to conserve the fertilizer N value of dairy manure in Vakinankaratra region, Madagascar

Introduction Madagascar is an island with high agricultural potential, where a great part of the population depends on the primary sector (28% of the GDP; FAOstat, 2011). In Vakinankaratra region, inappropriate agricultural practices forced by an increasing pressure on land led toerosion and decreased soil fertility(Ratsivalaka, 2007). This phenomenon is amplified by the reduced use of mineral fertilizers due to the high prices.But the Vakinankaratra region has the advantage of concentrating large dairy cattle herds, high producers of organic manure.The characterization of manure quality is often addressed by agricultural stakeholders, but it has been little documented in the south countries (Rufino et al., 2006). Stakeholders involved in agricultural development and research agree on the need to make crop and animal production systems more efficient through smart use of the plant and animal biomass produced on farms, or available in the surrounding environment. Above all, farmers are now aware of the need to restore or maintain the long term fertility of their fields if they want to ensure their own food security or boost their income. In this context, animals are anessentialpathway to improve soil fertility by virtue of their ability to collect, convert, use and recycle nutrients. The objective of this study is to characterize the variation factors that affect manure quality on dairy cattle farms in Vakinankaratra region and to identify practices that increasefertilizer nitrogen value of dairy manure.
Wideband Interdigital Capacitor with Spurious Spikes Suppression

A wideband interdigital capacitor (WIDC) is proposed and verified. By short interconnecting the open ends of interval fingers with microstrip lines etched on PCB bottom layer, the spurious spikes that limit the bandwidth of conventional interdigital capacitor (IDC) are eliminated. The bandwidth and capacitance of IDC increase more than 2800% and 100%, respectively.
TEST OF LOG-NORMAL PROCESS WITH IMPORTANCE SAMPLING FOR OPTIONS PRICING

Log-normal process and martingale restriction bring some bias on the premium for option pricing models. It is possible to reduce the bias by adding more parameters like jump diffusion, stochastic volatility or regime switching. In this case closed form solutions and numerical approximations suffer from the dimension of the problem. Monte Carlo integration then appears to be unique solution for high dimensional calculations. However variance of the output of interest should be decreased in Monte Carlo applications in order to have confident results. The method of Importance Sampling can be used in an attempt to reduce variance. In this study we test the log-normal process for options pricing via Importance Sampling Monte Carlo. Our analysis is based on the theory of variance reduction and we don? t have any empirical data. Numerical results indicate that the risk neutral density should be substituted in the range of moneyness.
Supply Elasticity and the Housing Cycle of the 2000s

There is no evidence that differences in supply elasticity caused cross‐sectional variation among U.S. housing markets in the severity of the 2000s housing cycle. This is true in three sets of empirical specifications: a first that assumes identical demand changes in the 2000s across markets, a second that proxies for supply elasticity and demand changes in the 2000s with estimates based on price and quantity changes in the 1980s and a third that uses physical and regulatory constraints to proxy for supply elasticity and uses state fixed effects to capture variation in demand conditions.
Linking Siberian Snow Cover to Precursors of Stratospheric Variability

Previous research has linked wintertime Arctic Oscillation (AO) variability to indices of Siberian snow cover and upward wave activity flux in the preceding fall season. Here, daily data are used to examine the surface and tropospheric processes that occur as the link between snow cover and upward forcing into the stratosphere develops. October Eurasian mean snow cover is found to be significantly related to sea level pressure (SLP) and to lower-stratosphere (100hPa) meridional heat flux. Analysis of daily SLP and 100-hPa heat flux shows that in years with high October snow, the SLP is significantly higher from approximately 1 November to 15 December, and the 100-hPa heat flux is significantly increased with a two-week lag, from approximately 15 November to 31 December. During November‐December, there are periods with upward wave activity flux extending coherently from the surface to the stratosphere, and these events occur nearly twice as often in high snow years compared to low snow years. The vertical structure of these events is a westward-tilting pattern of high eddy heights, with the largest normalized anomalies near the surface in the same region as the snow and SLP changes. These results suggest that high SLP develops in response to the snow cover and this higher pressure, in turn, provides part of the structure of a surface-to-stratosphere wave activity flux event, thus making full events more likely. Implications for improved winter forecasts exist through recognition of these precursor signals.
Defining foresight activities and future strategies in farm management : empirical results from Finnish FADN farms

Increasing farm sizes, stronger market orientation and meeting consumers’ expectations call for managerial skills and stronger future orientation in farm businesses. We scrutinise in this paper what kind of future goals and foresight approaches farm management entails. As part of strategic management, we approached planning practices according to their time-scale. Three managerial and foresight dimensions of future orientation were defined based on literature; they were then used when constructing a questionnaire. Data were gathered from two sources: from a farm survey and from the annually gathered Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) database in Finland between 2004 and 2008. The farm survey data were analysed through factor analysis and k-means cluster analysis. According to our analysis, farms were grouped into three future-oriented farm groups. The FADN data also gave an opportunity to examine economic and structural development in the defined farm groups. According to our results, the three farm groups differ from each other in terms of future orientation and in terms of structural and economic development.
Particle relabelling symmetries and Noether's theorem for vertical slice models

We consider the variational formulation for vertical slice models introduced in Cotter and Holm (Proc Roy Soc, 2013). These models have a Kelvin circulation theorem that holds on all materially-transported closed loops, not just those loops on isosurfaces of potential temperature. Potential vorticity conservation can be derived directly from this circulation theorem. In this paper, we show that this property is due to these models having a relabelling symmetry for every single diffeomorphism of the vertical slice that preserves the density, not just those diffeomorphisms that preserve the potential temperature. This is developed using the methodology of Cotter and Holm (Foundations of Computational Mathematics, 2012).
Mobile Audience Interaction - Explaining the Adoption of New Mobile Service Applications in Socially Enriched Environments

Mobile communication with its rapidly evolving new functionalities and services has become one of the most important technological innovations over the last decade. The diffusion of such new services is, however, difficult to predict and the adoption of new mobile services might in fact be triggered by factors that have not been foreseen by traditional models of acceptance and diffusion. The technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior are the two main models discussed in the literature, both of which have been tested mainly in work or organizational contexts. Mobile services, however, are often used in socially enriched environments where the adoption and use of a mobile service is not solely a question of persuasion but also reflects individuals’ need for relationships with others and with social groups. We have therefore extended the traditional models to reflect this fact and report here on the results of an online study which investigates intentions regarding adoption of a new mobile service application, namely mobile voting. The study was carried out in an online cinema community. Possible moderating effects of involvement, cell phone skills, and consumers’ innovativeness are also investigated in this study.
Relating melting trends and elasticity in simple metals: an empirical potential approach

We demonstrate that the melting points and other thermodynamic quantities of the alkali metals can be calculated based on static crystalline properties. To do this we derive analytic interatomic potentials for the alkali metals fitted precisely to cohesive and vacancy energies, elastic moduli, lattice parameter and crystal stability. These potentials are then used to calculate melting points by simulating the equilibration of solid and liquid samples in thermal contact at ambient pressure. With the exception of lithium, remarkably good agreement is found with experimental values. The instability of the bcc structure in Li and Na at low temperatures is also reproduced, and, unusually, is not due to a soft T1N phonon mode. No forces or finite temperature properties are included in the fit, so this demonstrates a surprisingly high level of intrinsic transferrability in the simple potentials. Currently, there are few potentials available for the alkali metals, so in, addition to demonstrating trends in behaviour, we expect that the potentials will be of broad general use.
CULTURAL INFLUENCE ON PERCEIVED USEFULNESS OF ISLAMIC CORPORATE REPORTING MODEL Dwi Ratmono Universitas

The objective of this study is to examine the cultural influence on the perceived usefulness of Islamic corporate reporting model. This study attempts to understand the antecedents of perceived usefulness of Islamic corporate reporting model. The Hofstede-Gray’s framework was utilized to develop research hypothesis that the lower in terms of Conservatism and Secrecy, the more likely to believe that the Islamic corporate reporting are more important than conventional accounting reporting. The hypothesis was also stated that the different background of institutions is expected to have an impact to the respondent’s perception on perceived usefulness of Islamic corporate reporting model because the Islamic background institutions have put more efforts than the conventional institutions in promoting Islamic values. The results showed that Power Distance was the best antecedents in explaining Gray’s accounting values and Uncertainty Avoidance has the positive significant effect on perceived usefulness of the Islamic corporate reporting model.
Quantifying small‐scale deforestation and forest degradation in African woodlands using radar imagery

Carbon emissions from tropical land‐use change are a major uncertainty in the global carbon cycle. In African woodlands, small‐scale farming and the need for fuel are thought to be reducing vegetation carbon stocks, but quantification of these processes is hindered by the limitations of optical remote sensing and a lack of ground data. Here, we present a method for mapping vegetation carbon stocks and their changes over a 3‐year period in a > 1000 km2 region in central Mozambique at 0.06 ha resolution. L‐band synthetic aperture radar imagery and an inventory of 96 plots are combined using regression and bootstrapping to generate biomass maps with known uncertainties. The resultant maps have sufficient accuracy to be capable of detecting changes in forest carbon stocks of as little as 12 MgC ha−1 over 3 years with 95% confidence. This allows characterization of biomass loss from deforestation and forest degradation at a new level of detail. Total aboveground biomass in the study area was reduced by 6.9 ± 4.6% over 3 years: from 2.13 ± 0.12 TgC in 2007 to 1.98 ± 0.11 TgC in 2010, a loss of 0.15 ± 0.10 TgC. Degradation probably contributed 67% (96.9 ± 91.0 GgC) of the net loss of biomass, but is associated with high uncertainty. The detailed mapping of carbon stock changes quantifies the nature of small‐scale farming. New clearances were on average small (median 0.2 ha) and were often additions to already cleared land. Deforestation events reduced biomass from 33.5 to 11.9 MgC ha−1 on average. Contrary to expectations, we did not find evidence that clearances were targeted towards areas of high biomass. Our method is scalable and suitable for monitoring land cover change and vegetation carbon stocks in woodland ecosystems, and can support policy approaches towards reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD).
Analysis of algorithms for the recognition of rational and context-free trace languages

Nous presentons un algorithme pour la reconnaissance des langages rationnels de traces qui a une complexite en temps au plus proportionnelle au nombre de prefixes de la trace d'entree. Dans le pire cas, il a un comportement en O (n n ) en temps et en O (n α-1 ) en espace, ou α est la taille de la clique maximale de l'alphabet d independance; en moyenne il a un comportement en O (n k ) en temps ou k est le nombre de composantes connexes de l'alphabet de dependance. Cet algorithme repose sur une technique de programmation dynamique qui peut aussi etre appliquee a la reconnaissance de langages libres de contexte de traces, Nous presentons une extension de l'algorithme classique de CYK qui travaille en temps O (n 3α ) et en espace O (n 2α ) dans le pire cas et en temps O (n 3k ) et en espace O (n 2k ) en moyenne.
Solid-liquid equilibrium measurements for the ternary system PCL + chloroform + nonsolvents (n-hexane, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol) at 303.15 K

This work reports experimental data of polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer solubility in chloroform as solvent and n-hexane, methanol, ethanol and isopropanol as nonsolvents, at atmospheric pressure (about 1,0 bar) and temperature of 303.15 K. It was used PCL with 70000-90000 and 2000 molar mass (MM). The experiments of solubility were performed using a jacketed-cell with temperature controlled by an ultrathermostatic bath, in which a turbidity method was adopted and used. From the obtained results it should be observed that the n-hexane presented a more pronounced anti-solvent effect in the PCL solubility, where the heterogeneous region (solid phase presence) was broader than when other nonsolvent. It was also observed that the binodal curves measured with the high molar mass polymer showed similar results compared to the low molar mass one.
MODELLING THE BREAKUP OF NANOPARTICLE CLUSTERS IN ALUMINIUM AND MAGNESIUM BASED METAL MATRIX NANOCOMPOSITES

Aluminium and magnesium based metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNC) with ceramic nano-reinforcements promise low weight with high durability and superior strength, desirable properties in aerospace, automobile and other applications. However, nano-particle agglomerations lead to adverse effects on final properties: large-size clusters no longer act as dislocation anchors, but instead become defects; the resulting particle distribution will be uneven, leading to inconsistent properties. To prevent agglomeration and to break up clusters, ultrasonic processing is used via an immersed sonotrode, or alternatively via electromagnetic vibration. A study of the interaction forces holding the nano-particles together shows that the choice of adhesion model significantly affects estimates of break-up force and that simple Stokes drag due to stirring is insufficient to break up the clusters. The complex interaction of flow and co-joint particles under a high frequency external fields (ultrasonic, electromagnetic) is addressed in detail using a discrete-element method (DEM) code to demonstrate the effect of these fields on deagglomeration.
Structural Change in the Dairy Sectors of Germany and The Netherlands - A Markov Chain Analysis

A method of solubilizing metal salts such as metal sulfides in a geothermal sludge using mutant Thiobacilli selected for their ability to metabolize metal salts at high temperature is disclosed, The method includes the introduction of mutated Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans to a geothermal sludge or brine. The microorganisms catalyze the solubilization of metal salts, For instance, in the case of metal sulfides, the microorganisms catalyze the solubilization to form soluble metal sulfates.
A Model of Innovation, Technology Transfer, and the World Distribution of Income

This paper develops a simple general-equilibrium model of product cycle trade. There are two countries, innovating North and noninnovating South. Innovation consists of the development of new products. These can be produced at first only in North, but eventually the technology of production becomes available to South. This technological lag gives rise to trade, with North exporting new products and importing old products. Higher Northern per capita income depends on the quasi rents from the Northern monopoly of new products, so that North must continually innovate not only to maintain its relative position but even to maintain its real income in absolute terms.
Design and Construction of a Cycle with Power Generator Resistance as Load for Aerobic Exercise

This work was concerned with the design and construction of an exercise cycle with power generator resistance as load for aerobic exercise. The cycle was designed based on the operational requirements of the cycle. The structure support base was constructed using the electric arc welding technique, while the structure frame parts were assembled together on the base support with the aid of bolt and nut joint technique. The generator was placed in contact with cycle wheel and its output terminals connected to a wet cell battery. An ergo-metric experiment was carried out using the cycle with a user weighing 71.6 kg. The rider pedaled for exercise uninterruptedly for 10 minutes at the lowest speed of 72 rpm. The output voltage and current of the power generator were then read using multi-meter. The values were used to evaluate the electromagnetic resistance developed in the rotating armature of the power generator using relevant equations. The relationship between the resistance developed and other performance parameters were also identified and established. The experiment was repeated at various speeds and the corresponding resistance identified. These results collected were tabulated and their analysis with other measuring pairs established. The analysis shows that: the performance parameters varied directly proportional with the electromagnetic resistance; this validate the variability of the resistance mechanism. The exercise efficiency at various speeds does not vary distinctly from 51%; this indicates that the pedaling speed of 72 rpm is appropriate for exercise using this cycle. The total calories burnt (671.1 K cal ) conform to the acceptable standard range (70 K cal – 1500K cal ) per day; it therefore validates the function of this exercise device as appropriate for aerobic exercise.
USE OF GENETIC MARKERS TO AID CONSERVATION DECISIONS FOR GROUPS OF RARE DOMESTIC BREEDS

An approach to balancing genetic diversity and genetic lmerit in animal conservation programs is presented and illustrated by simulated example. Microsatellite markers are used to characterise the genetic variation among animals selected to join a conservation program. This is done by consideration of genetic variation within and between breeds at the marker loci. Perceived mean merit of the breeds is also considered. A weighting factor balancing diversity and merit is varied to give a range of possible outcomes. The resulting frontier of diversity and merit combinations is characteristic of the total animal resource, measurements made on it, and the size of the conservation program. It is suggested that practitioners choose an appropriate solution from this frontier. Extension of the method seems possible to help make decisions on factors such as rationalising breeds via crossbreeding and investment in conservation facilities.
THE EFFECT OF N 2 O , CATALYST , AND MEANS OF WATER VAPOR REMOVAL ON THE GRAPHITIZATION OF SMALL CO 2 SAMPLES

The effect of nitrous oxide (N2O) upon the graphitization of small (~40 μg of carbon) CO2 samples at the ANSTO and University of California, Irvine, radiocarbon laboratories was investigated. Both laboratories produce graphite samples by reduction of CO2 over a heated iron catalyst in the presence of an excess of H2. Although there are significant differences between the methods employed at each laboratory, it was found that N2O has no effect upon the reaction at levels of up to 9.3% by volume of CO2. Further, it was systematically determined that more effective water vapor trapping resulted in faster reaction rates. Using larger amounts of the Fe catalyst generally resulted in higher yields or reaction rates (but not both). The effects of changing the type of Fe catalyst on the final yield and reaction rate were less clear.
IMPACT OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL VERSUS MODERATE INTENSITY CONTINUOUS TRAINING ON MODULATING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

IMPACT OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL VERSUS MODERATE INTENSITY CONTINUOUS TRAINING ON MODULATING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN Heba A. Abdeen *1, Engy M. El Nahas 2, Ghada A AbdAllah 3. *1 Lecturer of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/ Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt. 2 Lecturer of Physical Therapy for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt. 3 Lecturer in Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.