Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peer Influence in Elementary School: The Importance of Assessing the Likeability of Popular Children

Abstract We examined the degree to which children perceive influence behaviors and influence over social norms from different types of high-status children to vary in a sample of 453 3rd through 5th grade children. Using a cluster analysis of peer-nominated popularity and likeability measures, we identified a seven-cluster solution, including three high-status clusters: Well-Liked, Popular, and Popular/Well-Liked. Popular children were perceived as using ridicule and having influence over misbehavior. Popular/Well-Liked children were perceived as using playful teasing and modeling and influencing over trend-setting and sports norms, at a degree similar to Popular children. However, Popular/Well-Liked children were not perceived as using ridicule or influencing over misbehavior; rather, they scored higher than all other status groups for prosocial assertion and academic motivation. Well-Liked children were perceived as using prosocial assertion and influencing over academic motivation at a higher degree than Average children but at a lower degree than Popular or Popular/Well-Liked children. Although the influence associated with likeability alone appeared relatively limited, likeability in conjunction with popularity seems to make a difference regarding influence behaviors and norms. A person-centered approach that takes into account multiple facets of social status is likely to enhance understanding of high-status children’s influence on their same-age peers.
Caveolin‐3 deficiency associated with the dystrophy P104L mutation impairs skeletal muscle mitochondrial form and function

Caveolin‐3 (Cav3) is the principal structural component of caveolae in skeletal muscle. Dominant pathogenic mutations in the Cav3 gene, such as the Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy‐1C (LGMD1C) P104L mutation, result in substantial loss of Cav3 and myopathic changes characterized by muscle weakness and wasting. We hypothesize such myopathy may also be associated with disturbances in mitochondrial biology. Herein, we report studies assessing the effects of Cav3 deficiency on mitochondrial form and function in skeletal muscle cells.
Biologging Special Feature.

1Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; 2Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, Den Burg, The Netherlands; 3Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 4The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 5School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; 6Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA and 7Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Child, family, and school factors in bilingual preschoolers’ vocabulary development in heritage languages

Abstract Child characteristics, family factors, and preschool factors are all found to affect the rate of bilingual children's vocabulary development in heritage language (HL). However, what remains unknown is the relative importance of these three sets of factors in HL vocabulary growth. The current study explored the complex issue with 457 Singaporean preschool children who are speaking either Mandarin, Malay, or Tamil as their HL. A series of internal factors (e.g., non-verbal intelligence) and external factors (e.g., maternal educational level) were used to predict children's HL vocabulary growth over a year at preschool with linear mixed effects models. The results demonstrated that external factors (i.e., family and preschool factors) are relatively more important than child characteristics in enhancing bilingual children's HL vocabulary growth. Specifically, children's language input quantity (i.e., home language dominance), input quality (e.g., number of books in HL), and HL input quantity at school (i.e., the time between two waves of tests at preschool) predict the participants’ HL vocabulary growth, with initial vocabulary controlled. The relative importance of external factors in bilingual children's HL vocabulary development is attributed to the general bilingual setting in Singapore, where HL is taken as a subject to learn at preschool and children have fairly limited exposure to HL in general. The limited amount of input might not suffice to trigger the full expression of internal resources. Our findings suggest the crucial roles that caregivers and preschools play in early HL education, and the necessity of more parental involvement in early HL learning in particular.
Protein expression in the obligate hydrocarbon‐degrading psychrophile Oleispira antarctica RB‐8 during alkane degradation and cold tolerance

Summary In cold marine environments, the obligate hydrocarbon‐degrading psychrophile Oleispira antarctica RB‐8, which utilizes aliphatic alkanes almost exclusively as substrates, dominates microbial communities following oil spills. In this study, LC–MS/MS shotgun proteomics was used to identify changes in the proteome induced during growth on n‐alkanes and in cold temperatures. Specifically, proteins with significantly higher relative abundance during growth on tetradecane (n‐C14) at 16°C and 4°C have been quantified. During growth on n‐C14, O. antarctica expressed a complete pathway for the terminal oxidation of n‐alkanes including two alkane monooxygenases, two alcohol dehydrogenases, two aldehyde dehydrogenases, a fatty‐acid‐CoA ligase, a fatty acid desaturase and associated oxidoreductases. Increased biosynthesis of these proteins ranged from 3‐ to 21‐fold compared with growth on a non‐hydrocarbon control. This study also highlights mechanisms O. antarctica may utilize to provide it with ecological competitiveness at low temperatures. This was evidenced by an increase in spectral counts for proteins involved in flagella structure/output to overcome higher viscosity, flagella rotation to accumulate cells and proline metabolism to counteract oxidative stress, during growth at 4°C compared with 16°C. Such species‐specific understanding of the physiology during hydrocarbon degradation can be important for parameterizing models that predict the fate of marine oil spills.
Regional planning for meaningful person-centred care in mental health: context is the signal not the noise

Abstract Person-centred care is at the core of a value-based health system. Its transformative potential is to enable and support key policy, planning and service developments across the system even when these go against the self-interest of individual major players. It offers a potent test for decision makers at all levels. It demands responses that are multi-level, empirically grounded, expert-informed and data-driven that must converge on the singularity of individuals in the places that they live. This requires different approaches that recognise, respect and reconcile two necessary but constitutionally disparate perspectives: the bureaucratic, overtly decontextualised, top-down, policy and planning objectives of central governments and the formally complex, dynamic and contextualised experience of individuals in the system. Conflating the latter with the former can lead unwittingly to a pervasive and reductive form of quasi-Taylorism that nearly always creates waste at the expense of value. This has parallel application in the treatment domain where outcomes are non-randomly clustered and partitioned by socioeconomic status, amplifying unwarranted variation by place that is striking in its magnitude and heterogeneity. In this paper, we propose that a combination of (1) relevant, local and sophisticated data planning, collection and analysis systems, (2) more detailed person-centred service planning and delivery and (3) system accountability through co-design and transparent public reporting of health system performance in a manner that is understandable, relevant, and locally applicable are all essential in ensuring planned and provided care is most appropriate to more than merely the ‘average’ person for whom the current system is built. We argue that only through a greater appreciation of healthcare as a complex adaptive (eco)system, where context is everything, and then utilising planning, analysis and management methodologies that reflect this reality is the way to achieve genuine person-centred care.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

ABSTRACT Introduction: The global number of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support has been growing after several studies highlighted the favorable results attained in cases of severe respiratory failure. However, evidence-based guidelines for optimal use of ECMO are lacking. Areas covered: This review covers optimal candidates, timing of initiation, strategies for patient management including mechanical ventilation, and decision-making regarding discontinuation of ECMO based on its potential role in treatment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Expert opinion: Early initiation of ECMO should be considered if hypoxemia and uncompensated hypercapnia do not respond to optimal conventional treatment. Use of a comprehensive management approach for preventing additional lung injury and extrapulmonary organ failure is critical during ECMO support to ensure the best outcome. The possibility of weaning from ECMO should be fully assessed by a multidisciplinary team during ECMO support. Futility should not be determined solely by duration of ECMO, and use of prolonged ECMO for lung recovery may be worthwhile.
Detection of measurable residual disease may better predict outcomes than mutations based on next‐generation sequencing in acute myeloid leukaemia with biallelic mutations of CEBPA

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients with biallelic mutations of CEBPA (bi CEBPA) have a 30–50% relapse rate. This study established the value of mutations based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and multiparameter flow cytometric measurable residual disease (MFC‐MRD) detection and compared the outcomes. From 2014 to 2018, 124 newly diagnosed bi CEBPA AML patients were treated. The median age was 37·5 (16–69) years. The 3‐year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 33·0%, 64·7% and 84·3%, respectively. Patients without additional mutations and with GATA2 mutations were defined as ‘NGS low risk’, which was the only favourable independent factor for CIR and RFS of pretreatment parameters. Patients with sustained positive MRD after two consolidation cycles and MRD negative losses at any time were defined as ‘MRD high risk’, which was the only poor independent factor for CIR, RFS and OS, including pretreatment and post‐treatment parameters. In CR2 and non‐remission patients who underwent allo‐HSCT, superior OS was achieved. We conclude that NGS low risk was a favourable factor in the analysis of pretreatment parameters. MRD risk stratification was an independent prognostic factor in pretreatment and post‐treatment parameters. Relapsed patients still have a favourable outcome followed by allo‐HSCT.
Comparison of visual, automatic and semiautomatic methods to determine ventilatory indices in 50 to 60 years old adults

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare different methods of detecting ventilatory indices (VI) and to investigate the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level on VI detection. Fifty females and fifty males completed a graded exercise test until volitional exhaustion with continuous gas-exchange measurement. The first and second ventilatory indices (VI-1, VI-2) were detected through different single automatic methods and through a semiautomatic method which combines visual and automatic detection methods. Additionally, the VIs were detected visually by two experts which served as the study specific gold standard. When comparing the semiautomatic method at VI-1 (intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) 0.88 [0.81, 0.92], Bland-Altman bias ± limits of agreement (LoA) 55 ± 334 ml O2 · min−1) and VI-2 (ICC 0.97 [0.96, 0.98], LoA 1 ± 268 ml O2 · min−1) to the visually detected VI, high levels of agreements and no significant differences were found. This was not the case for any of the other automatic methods. Additionally, we couldn’t find any relevant differences regarding the CRF level. We therefore concluded that the semiautomatic detection method should be used for VI detection, as results are more accurate than in any of the single-automatic methods. Abbreviations: CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise test; CRF: Cardiorespiratory fitness; VO2peak: peak oxygen uptake; VI-1: first ventilatory indices; VI-2: second ventilatory indices; LoA: Bland-Altman bias ± limits of agreement; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient.
Recapitulating and Deciphering Tumor Microenvironment by Using 3D Printed Plastic Brick–Like Microfluidic Cell Patterning

Within the body, tumor cells are surrounded by neighboring counterparts, such as extracellular matrix, vasculature, and host stroma, which is also known as the tumor microenvironment. To understand tumorigenesis, it is essential to reconstitute the incorporative tumor niche with quantitative measurements in vitro. Here, a 3D printed plastic brick–like microfluidic gadget is developed for spatially patterning tumors and fibroblasts, enabling the recapitulation of tumor microenvironment with minimized microfluidic expertise and compatibility of standard pipetting. This method facilitates heterotypic coculturing, quantitative phenotype decoding, and downstream molecular assays with a small number of cells (less than 100). Phenotypic and gene/protein expression‐based analysis of cell–cell interactions between fibrosarcoma cells and fibroblasts on this device reveals that the tumor and its counterparts show reciprocal synergism mainly by upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, at the whole transcriptional landscape (RNA‐seq), fibroblasts display a transition from normal to cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF)‐like phase, and tumor cells exhibit a hyperactive ribosome biogenesis. The mouse xenograft model is also involved to validate the in vitro analysis. Given its easy‐to‐use feature, full compatibility with molecular analysis, and open‐source accessibility, this approach provides an in vitro experimental system to advance knowledge of tumorigenesis and the corresponding tumor microenvironment.
Association between FTO gene polymorphisms and breast cancer: the role of estrogen

ABSTRACT Introduction: The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene may be associated with breast cancer risk. This study aimed to systematically investigate the association between FTO gene polymorphisms and breast cancer and the possible role of estrogen in this association. Areas covered: We performed an extensive search of electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochran for published original studies on the association of FTO gene polymorphisms with breast cancer risk. Keywords such as breast cancer and/or FTO gene and/or polymorphism were used in order to identify the related articles. We excluded studies unrelated to the FTO genotype and the outcome of breast cancer. Expert opinion: FTO gene may have a significant association with the risk of breast cancer. The association between FTO gene polymorphisms and breast cancer was influenced by the status of estrogen receptors. Estrogen may promote breast cancer cell proliferation through up-regulation of FTO gene expression and activation of the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway in estrogen receptor positive patients. Further studies are warranted to identify the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the interactions between FTO gene, estrogen, and the risk of breast cancer.
DRY NEEDLING AND PHYSICAL THERAPY VERSUS PHYSICAL THERAPY ALONE FOLLOWING SHOULDER STABILIZATION REPAIR: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.

Background Post-operative range of motion (ROM) loss and pain can limit quality of life, prolong functional return to activity, and may be sport/career threatening. Dry needling (DN) is intended assist in the treatment of these complaints. Purpose To determine if the addition of upper quarter DN to a rehabilitation protocol is more effective in improving ROM, pain, and functional outcome scores when compared to a rehabilitation protocol alone after shoulder stabilization surgery. Study Design Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Methods Thirty-nine post-operative shoulder patients were randomly allocated into two groups: (1) standard of care rehabilitation (control group) (2) standard of care rehabilitation plus dry needling (experimental group). Patient's pain, ROM, and functional outcome scores were assessed at baseline (4 weeks post-operative), and at 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months post-operative. Results Of 39 enrolled patients, 20 were allocated to the control group and 19 to the experimental group. At six-month follow up, there was a statistically significant improvement in shoulder flexion ROM in the control group. Aside from this, there were no significant differences in outcomes between the two treatment groups. Both groups showed improvement over time. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion Dry needling of the shoulder girdle in addition to standard of care rehabilitation after shoulder stabilization surgery did not significantly improve shoulder ROM, pain, or functional outcome scores when compared with standard of care rehabilitation alone. Both group's improvement was largely equal over time. The significant difference in flexion at the six-month follow up may be explained by additional time spent receiving passive range of motion (PROM) in the control group. These results provide preliminary evidence that dry needling in a post-surgical population is safe and without significant risk of iatrogenic infection or other adverse events. Level of Evidence Therapy, Level 2.
Estrogen inhibits vascular calcification in rats via hypoxia-induced factor-1α signaling

Objective Calcification serves as a surrogate for atherosclerosis-associated vascular diseases, and coronary artery calcification is mediated by multiple pathogenic factors. Estrogen is a known factor that protects the arterial wall against atherosclerosis, but its role in the coronary artery calcification development remains largely unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that estrogen inhibits coronary artery calcification via the hypoxia-induced factor-1α pathway. Methods Eight-week-old healthy female Sprague–Dawley rats were castrated, and vitamin D3 was administered orally to establish. Hypoxia-induced factor-1 inhibitor was administered to test its effect on vascular calcification and expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and runt-related transcription factor-2. Vascular smooth muscle cell calcification was induced with CaCl2 in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in the presence or absence of E2(17β-estradiol) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 siRNA intervention. Results The estrogen levels in ovariectomized rats were significantly decreased, as determined by ELISA. Expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α mRNA and protein was significantly increased in vascular cells with calcification as compared to those without calcification (p < 0.01). E2 treatment decreased the calcium concentration in vascular cell calcification and cell calcium nodules in vitro (p < 0.05). E2 also lowered the levels of hypoxia-induced factor-1α mRNA and protein (p < 0.01). Oral administration of the hypoxia-induced factor-1α inhibitor dimethyloxetane in castrated rats alleviated vascular calcification and expression of osteogenesis-related transcription factors, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and RUNX2 (p < 0.01). Finally, bone morphogenetic protein 2 siRNA treatment decreased the levels of p-Smad1/5/8 in A7r5 calcification cells (p < 0.01). Conclusion Estrogen deficiency enhances vascular calcification. Treatment with estrogen reduces the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α as well as vascular calcification in rats. The estrogen effects occur in a fashion dependent on hypoxia-induced factor-1α regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and downstream Smad1/5/8.
PARENTING STRESS AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS AMONG KOSOVAR MOTHERS

Parenting behaviors are considered to be influenced by certain stressors, deriving from situational, contextual, or parental or child domains. The main goal of this study was to examine the interplay of children’s age, number of children and gender with parenting stress level among Kosovar mothers. The Parenting Stress Scale (PSS; Berry & Jones, 1995) was used to assess parenting-related stress among Kosovar mothers. The measuring instrument consisted of an online survey distributed to a sample of (N=226) Kosovar mothers. Evaluation of the individual predictors indicated that number of children, child age, and child gender were all significantly associated with high levels of parenting stress, all having ps < . 05. Parents of more than one child were over 8 times more likely to have high levels of parent stress (OR = 8.120). Conversely, parents of children younger than school age had decreased odds of high parenting stress (OR = .083). Similarly, those who had only female children were less likely to experience high parenting stress (OR = .346) compared to those with children of mixed genders. The Kosovar mothers’ parenting stress indicators are in line with the existing parenting stress triggers found within other population groups, since number of children, child age, and child gender were all significantly associated with high levels of parenting stress.
BURNING HAY AS A TOOL IN CONSERVATION OF MOUNTAIN GRASSLAND VEGETATION IN PROTECTED AREAS

In some areas of Polish Carpathians high nature value grasslands are managed only because of agri-environmental subsidies or as an active preservation measures in protected areas. Due to the abandonment of livestock farming the problem is the dispose of collected biomass. In the Pieniny National Park in some cases the hay harvested and collected in pile is burned. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the burning of a large amount of hay on vegetation and assess the possibility of using this measure in preservation of species rich plant communities. In 1997 piles of hay were burned on 17 plots. On the burned plots plant and soil analysis were determined in years 1998–2001 and repeated in 2014. During the first four years there was a significant increase in the content of available phosphorus, potassium and soil pH. As a result, at the beginning, increased growth of legumes, was observed. Next, the grass species began to appear in greater number. After 17 years soil parameters of burnt plots were similar to that of surrounding areas and no considerable differences in plant composition was observed. However, some of burnt plots were still distinguishable on the meadow. Under certain conditions, the burning of hay can be used in management of grassland.