Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment of photovoltaic installations, due to lightning, according to IEC 62305 - 2nd Edition

Photovoltaic power generating system (PVPGS) can be affected by direct and nearby flashes. In case of direct lightning, physical damage and failure of some apparatus can happen. Also the nearby lightning, by electromagnetic pulse (LEMP), can cause damages. An insufficient protection from lightning damages can increase the time of the return of investment (ROI) of the PV power generating system. The risk assessment is performed by taking into account the 2nd edition of IEC 62305-2, and the results are compared with those obtained by using the 1st edition.
Role of the cyclin-dependent kinase 9-related pathway in mammalian gene expression and human diseases

Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (Cdk9) is a cdc2-like serine/threonine kinase. The so-called Cdk9-related pathway comprises two Cdk9 isoforms (Cdk9-42 and Cdk9-55), cyclin T1, cyclin T2a, cyclin T2b and cyclin K. The association between Cdk9 and one of its cyclin partners forms a heterodimer, which is the main component of the positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb). The latter stabilizes the elongation process of RNA polymerase II (polII) transcripts. Through the control of RNA polII-mediated gene expression, the Cdk9-related pathway performs an important role in several biological processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, protection from apoptosis and differentiation. Incidentally, the P-TEFb that contains the heterodimer Cdk9-cyclin T1 is also critical for HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication in human cells. A deregulation in the Cdk9-related pathway is associated with various types of human malignancies and cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. On these grounds, the characterization of Cdk9-related pathway deregulation might have a two-fold purpose: (1) the development of novel kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, AIDS and cardiac hypertrophy and (2) a better understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of these maladies.
Pretreatment expectancies and premature termination in a training clinic environment.

The extant literature includes no studies regarding the rate of premature termination in training clinics. The following study documents a very high rate of premature termination in a training clinic, relative to either the established literature or the regional prevalence rate. In addition, this study explores the contributions of effectiveness and role expectations in the prediction of premature termination. Results reveal that the effect of clients’ pretreatment role expectations on eventual premature termination was moderated by the clients’ pretreatment effectiveness expectancies. Stated another way, role and effectiveness interactions interact and account for 11 to 14% of the variance in premature termination. Discussion of training implications is provided.
One-Dimensional Crystals inside Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Structure and Electronic Properties

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) discovered in 1993 are currently among the most exciting and promising nanostructures (Bethune et al., 1993; Iijima & Ichihashi, 1993). They arouse huge interest due to their unique atomic structure, outstanding chemical and electronic properties (thermal and electric conductivity), as well as mechanical characteristics (high values of Young's modulus, tensile and compressive strengths, high cracking resistance etc.). SWNTs possess the maximum geometric anisotropy factors among the nanostructures known so far. The unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are governed not only by their unusual tubular structure, but also by the fact that they are virtually devoid of any structural defects (Dresselhaus et al., 1995; Iijima, 1991; Saito et al., 1992). As a result, CNTs are of a great importance for development of nanoelectronics elements (logical gates, memory devices, emitters, and nanowires), nanoelectromechanical systems, nanocomposite fillers (aimed at increasing strength and functionality of bulk materials), probe tips for scanning probe microscopy etc. One of the major areas of SWNTs technological application has been the development of a new generation of field-effect transistors (Tans et al., 1998). The electronic properties of defect-free SWNTs are extremely sensitive to the nanotube’s geometric structure (Avouris et al., 2007; Saito et al., 1992), which depends to a great extent on the chiral vector; this may be regarded both as an advantage and a serious drawback of this material. So far, no efficient methods have been developed for the preparation and isolation of SWNTs with a desired chirality (Hou et al., 2008; Odom et al., 2000). For this reason, many attempts have been undertaken to develop methods that would allow separating the array of SWNTs into semiconducting and metallic nanotubes and/or modify the electronic properties of SWNTs without their separation by chirality (Chaturvedi et al., 2008; Eliseev et al., 2009a; Monthioux et al., 2006). Modification of nanotubes allows direct adjustment of their electronic properties. One of the simplest ways to controlled modification of the SWNTs is filling of the nanotube channels
Evidence for a Role of Glucose-induced Translocation of Glucokinase in the Control of Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis*

Glucokinase reversibly partitions between a bound and a free state in the hepatocyte in response to the metabolic status of the cell. Maximum binding occurs at low [glucose] (<5 mM) and minimum binding at high [glucose] or in the presence of sorbitol or fructose. In this study we determined the binding characteristics of glucokinase in the hepatocyte in situ, by adenovirus-mediated glucokinase overexpression combined with the digitonin-permeabilization technique. We also determined the sensitivity of glycogen synthesis to changes in either total glucokinase overexpression or in free glucokinase activity. Glucokinase overexpression is associated with an increase in both free and bound activity, with an overall decrease in the proportion of bound activity. In hepatocytes incubated at low [glucose] (0-5 mM), glucokinase binding involves a high-affinity binding site with a Kd of ∼0.1 μM and a binding capacity of ∼3 pmol/mg total cell protein and low-affinity binding with a Kd of ∼1.6 μM. Increasing glucose concentration to 20 mM causes a dose-dependent increase in the Kd of the high- affinity site to ∼0.6 μM, and this effect was mimicked by 50 μM sorbitol, a precursor of fructose 1-P, confirming that this site is the regulatory protein of glucokinase. Glycogen synthesis determined from the incorporation of [2-3H,U-14C]glucose into glycogen at 5 mM or 10 mM glucose was very sensitive to small increases in total glucokinase activity and correlated more closely with the increase in free glucokinase activity. The relation between glycogenic flux and glucokinase activity is sigmoidal. Expression of the sensitivity of glycogen synthesis to glucokinase activity as the control coefficient reveals that the coefficient is greater for the incorporation of 2-tritium (which occurs exclusively by the direct pathway) than for incorporation of 14C label (which involves direct and indirect pathways) and is greater at 5 mM glucose (when glucokinase is maximally sequestered at its high-affinity site) than at 10 mM glucose. The results support the hypothesis that compartmentation of glucokinase in the hepatocyte increases the sensitivity of glycogen synthesis to small changes in total glucokinase activity and that glucose-induced translocation of glucokinase has a major role in the acute control of glycogen synthesis.
Stability analysis and control synthesis for switched systems: a switched Lyapunov function approach

This paper addresses the problem of stability analysis and control synthesis of switched systems in the discrete-time domain. The approach followed in this paper looks at the existence of a switched quadratic Lyapunov function to check asymptotic stability of the switched system under consideration. Two different linear matrix inequality-based conditions allow to check the existence of such a Lyapunov function. The first one is classical while the second is new and uses a slack variable, which makes it useful for design problems. These two conditions are proved to be equivalent for stability analysis. Investigating the static output feedback control problem, we show that the second condition is, in this case, less conservative. The reduction of the conservatism is illustrated by a numerical evaluation.
LeakSpot: detection and diagnosis of memory leaks in JavaScript applications

The migration of application logic to the client side of modern web applications and the use of JavaScript as the main language for client‐side development have made memory leaks in JavaScript an issue for web applications. Client‐side web applications communicate with the server asynchronously, remaining on the same web page during their lifetime. Thus, even minor memory leaks can eventually lead to excessive memory usage, negatively affecting user‐perceived response time and possibly causing page crashes. To detect memory leaks and guide developers in fixing the leaks quickly and easily, this paper introduces LeakSpot, a tool that creates a run‐time heap model by modifying the application code in a browser‐agnostic way to record object allocations, accesses, and references created to objects. LeakSpot reports those allocation sites causing the leaks instead of all the leaky allocation sites. It also identifies the locations in the code where leaked objects are accumulated, for example, the locations where a reference from a data structure is created but forgotten to be removed by the developer. To facilitate debugging and fixing the leaks, for every leaked object, LeakSpot reports all the locations in the code that create a reference to the object. To confirm usefulness and efficacy of LeakSpot experimentally, we have used LeakSpot to find and fix four memory leaks in a JavaScript benchmark suite and in open‐source web applications. LeakSpot is also shown to be effective in pointing out the potential causes of three leaks in large and popular web applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Declarative Parallel Programming in Spreadsheet End-User Development: A Literature Review

Spreadsheets are first-order functional languages and are widely used in research and industry as a tool to conveniently perform all kinds of computations. Because cells on a spreadsheet are immutable, there are possibilities for implicit parallelization of spreadsheet computations. In this literature study, we provide an overview of the publications on spreadsheet end-user programming and declarative array programming to inform further research on parallel programming in spreadsheets. Our results show that there is a clear overlap between spreadsheet programming and array programming and we can directly apply results from functional array programming to a spreadsheet model of computations.
A novel ZVS-PWM dc-dc converter for bidirectional applications with steep conversion ratio

A new soft-switched bidirectional dc-dc converter with coupled inductors is proposed in the paper. The proposed converter can operate with soft-switching, fixed switching frequency, and the switch stresses of a conventional PWM converter with coupled inductor regardless of the direction of power flow. These features are due to a very simple auxiliary active clamp circuit that is operational regardless of the direction of power flow. In the paper, the converter's operation is explained. Experimental results obtained from a prototype, which confirm the feasibility of the proposed converter, are also presented.
Association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Ultrasonographic Atherosclerotic Indices of Carotid Arteries in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular events are a major cause of morbidity and the main cause of mortality in hemodialysis patients. Hyperhomocysteinemia – which is a consistent finding in uremic patients – is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the relationship between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations and atherosclerotic CVD has not been extensively investigated. Patients and Methods: 37 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis and 30 healthy individuals (control group), sex- and age-matched, were included in this study. Both healthy controls and hemodialysis patients underwent echo-Doppler carotid artery examination. The right and left carotid arteries were assessed separately. Our observation included measurements of the ultrasound images of the intimal wall thickness, the lumen diameter and the atherosclerotic plaques. We determined plasma Hcy, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels and serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, ApoA-I, ApoB-100, Lp(a), CRP, albumin and creatinine levels in blood samples from both studied groups. We also determined the urea reduction ratio in the patient groups. The epidemiological as well as the biochemical data were correlated with the findings of the carotid artery examination. Results: Plasma Hcy levels were significantly increased in hemodialysis patients compared to controls (33 ± 12.3 vs. 12.27 ± 7.47 µmol/l, p < 0.001). Intimal wall thickness, lumen diameter and number of atherosclerotic plaques of both carotid arteries were significantly higher (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) in patients compared to controls. There was a significant positive correlation between plasma Hcy levels and the number of the atherosclerotic plaques (r = 0.41, p < 0.01 in the right and r = 0.49, p < 0.001 in the left carotid artery). Lumen diameter was significantly (p < 0.01) associated with age, MAP and CRP levels. Significant correlations (p = 0.05–0.01) were also found between the number of the plaques and age as well as the duration of hemodialysis, while folic acid levels were inversely correlated with the number of the plaques. Conclusions: Both hyperhomocysteinemia and atherosclerotic indices of the carotid arteries are more prevalent in hemodialysis patients compared to healthy controls. Elevated plasma Hcy levels were associated with the carotid artery atherosclerotic indices in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Dynamic reduction of distribution networks with dispersed generation

Nowadays the number of dispersed generators (DG) is growing rapidly. This change will greatly influence the power system dynamics. A distribution network, where DG are connected to the grid, cannot be considered as passive anymore. So in future it will not be possible to use simple equivalents of distribution networks for power system dynamic modeling as it was done before. In dynamic studies whole power system cannot be represented in detailed manner because of huge system dimension. Therefore special techniques have to be applied for aggregation and order-reduction of distribution networks with DG. In this paper brief review of existing techniques has been done, and afterwards dynamic reduction using balanced truncations has been performed for a small distribution network consisting of DG of different type
GEFCom2014 probabilistic solar power forecasting based on k-nearest neighbor and kernel density estimator

Probabilistic forecasting provides quantitative information of energy uncertainty, which is very essential for making better decisions in power system operation with increasing penetration of wind power and solar power. On the basis of k-nearest neighbor and kernel density estimator method, this paper presents a general framework of probabilistic forecasts for renewable energy generation. Firstly, the k-nearest neighbor algorithm is modified to find the days with similar weather conditions in historical dataset. Then, kernel density estimator method is applied to derive the probability density from k nearest neighbors. This approach is demonstrated by an application in probabilistic solar power forecasting. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is validated with the real data provided by Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2014.
Emotion recognition in video and audio through the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques

This paper presents the results obtained in emotion recognition estimations are shown on audio and videos gathered from the RekEmozio database, for both Spanish and Basque languages. Emotion categorization has been performed using the Big-Six emotions, in which emotions considered as universal for all humankind are used. Regarding emotion recognition in human speech, the results obtained reached 60% in Spanish and 59% in Basque. Outcomes achieved for some of the techniques used reached 100% for emotional facial expression recognition. The work carried out so far opens the door for follow-up work for other languages or classifications.
Undiagnosed migraine headaches. A comparison of symptom-based and reported physician diagnosis.

BACKGROUND Although migraine headaches are a common cause of temporary disability, many people with migraine have not been diagnosed. In a sample of the US population, we sought to determine the proportion of migraineurs diagnosed by a physician and to identify the headache characteristics and sociodemographic profiles associated with undiagnosed migraine. METHODS A mail questionnaire survey was sent to 15,000 US households, selected from a panel to be representative of the US population. Of a total study base population of 23,611, excluding 3043 subjects less than 12 years of age and respondents with unreported gender, we analyzed data for 20,468 subjects aged 12 to 80 years. Migraine diagnoses were assigned on the basis of reported symptoms by means of operational diagnostic criteria. Physician diagnosis of migraine was ascertained on the basis of self-report. RESULTS Forty-one percent of female and 29% of male migraineurs reported having been diagnosed by a physician. Diagnosis was more likely in females, in people with high income levels, and in individuals who reported migraine associated with aura, vomiting, or disability. Of the undiagnosed subjects, 80% experienced at least some headache-related disability. CONCLUSIONS Results of this survey indicate that the majority of people with migraine in the United States do not report having been diagnosed by a physician. Given the high proportion of undiagnosed subjects with headache-related disability, efforts to improve the diagnosis and treatment of migraine are recommended.
Comparison of rejection rate and functional outcome of small bowel transplantation alone or in conjunction with the ileocecal valve versus combined small and large bowel transplantation

Preservation of the ileocecal valve improves absorptive function and decreases the amount of small bowel needed for survival in patients with short gut syndrome. We compared the results of small and large bowel transplant (SLBTx), small bowel transplant only (SBTx), and SBTx with the ileocecal valve (ICVTx) in a porcine model. Total enterectomy was performed on 18 Yorkshire‐Landrace pigs followed by orthotopic SBLTx (n=6), SBTx (n=6), and ICVTx (n=6). A jejunostomy and an ileostomy were constructed for biopsies. Overall mean survival was 17 d with no statistically significant difference between groups. Rejection was seen in 6/6 SLBTx, 4/6 SBTx, and 4/6 ICVTx recipients. Acute rejection was seen in 84.3% of SLBTx, 52.3% of SBTx, and 42.5% of the ICVTx mucosal biopsy samples. Two cases of intra‐abdominal infection were in the ICVTx group only. Weight loss was 147 g/d in the SLBTx group, 643 g/d in the SBTx group, and 393 g/d in the ICVTx group. While the functional outcome after SLBTx and ICVTx was noticeably better than the SBTx group, the increased rejection and intra‐abdominal infection rates make transplanting the large bowel or the ileocecal valve a less attractive clinical option.
GaN Nanowire n-MOSFET With 5 nm Channel Length for Applications in Digital Electronics

We study the performance of GaN nanowire n-MOSFETs (GaN-NW-nFETs) with a channel length, Lg = 5 nm based on fully ballistic quantum transport simulations. Our simulation results show high I<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${} _{\textsf {ON}} = 1137 \mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and excellent on-off characteristics with Q <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ = \,\, \text{g}_{\textsf {m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/SS <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ = \,\, 188\mu \text{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-decade/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-mV calculated for I<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${} _{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}} = 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nA/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and V<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${} _{\textsf {GS}} = \textsf {V}_{\textsf {DS}} = \textsf {V}_{\textsf {CC}} = 0.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V. These results represent: 1) ~ 15% higher <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> than Si-NW-nFET and 2) ~ 17% better Q than Si-NW-nFET, all with Lg = 5 nm, thus suggesting the GaN n-channel, an intriguing option for application in logic at sub-10-nm channel length. The superior performance of the GaN channel compared with Si and other semiconductors at this scaled dimension can be attributed to its relatively higher effective mass of electron and lower permittivity.
Presence of bunyaviruses (Bunyamwera serogroup) in Sao Paulo state, Brazil

: Seven viruses were isolated from sentinel mice, exposed in forested area in the Atlantic Forest region, State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1974 to 1981. They included five isolates of Maguari, one of Kairi and one of Tucunduba. It was the first time that these viruses were detected in São Paulo State. The isolates were identified by the serological tests: Hemagglutination, Hemagglutination Inhibition, Complement Fixation and Neutralization in suckling mice. The results showed that these viruses belong to Bunyamwera serogroup. As there are reports of human disease caused by viruses belonging to this serogroup further studies are necessary to study ecological aspects involved in the maintenance cyc1es of these viruses, as well as the possibility of its transmission to human beings in State of São Paulo, Brazil.
Influence of the processing technique on the flexural fatigue strength of denture base resins: an in vitro investigation.

BACKGROUND Though acrylic resins possess many desirable properties, denture fracture due to flexural fatigue or impact failure is a common problem. One major factor influencing the flexural fatigue strength of denture base resins is the processing technique used. AIM To measure the flexural fatigue strength of denture base resins polymerized using short and long curing cycles using water bath, pressure cooker, and microwave polymerization techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flexural fatigue strength of 60 samples (n=10) were measured using a cyclic 3-point loading method on a dynamic universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using a Student 't' test. RESULTS Comparative evaluation using Student's 't' test of mean flexural fatigue strength of samples processed by water bath processing (660.6) and the microwave technique (893.6) showed statistically significant (P < 0.01) result with microwave processing being higher. Comparison of water bath (660.6) and pressure cooker (740.6) processing and microwave (893.6) and pressure cooker (740.6) processing using Student's 't' test was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In the intra-group analysis, it was found that there was statistically significant difference in samples processed using the short and long curing cycle, the latter being better in all groups, P-values being < 0.05, < 0.001, and < 0.001 for water bath, microwave, and pressure cooker polymerization techniques, respectively. CONCLUSION The polymerization procedure plays an important role in influencing the flexural fatigue strength of denture base resins, and the microwave long curing processing technique produced denture bases with highest flexural fatigue strength.