Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size at Birth, Postnatal Growth, and Reproductive Timing in an Australian Microbat

Synopsis Reproductive phenology, size at birth, and postnatal growth are important life history traits that reflect parental investment. The ability to document detailed changes in these traits can be a valuable tool in the identification and management of at-risk wildlife populations. We examined reproductive traits in a common, widespread Australian microbat, Chalinolobus gouldii, at two sites over two years and derived growth curves and age estimation equations which will be useful in the study of how intrinsic and extrinsic factors alter parental investment strategies. We found that male and female offspring did not differ significantly in their size at birth or their postnatal growth rates. Bats born in 2018 were smaller at birth but grew at a faster rate than those born in 2017. When date of birth was compared across sites and years, we found bats born in 2018 had a later median birthdate (by 18 days) and births were more widespread than those born in 2017. Cooler and wetter weather during late gestation (Nov) in 2018 may have prolonged gestation and delayed births. With many bats facing threatening processes it is important to study reproductive plasticity in common and widespread “model” species, which may assist in the conservation and management of threatened microbats with similar reproductive traits.
MSProDiscuss™ Clinical Decision Support Tool for Identifying Multiple Sclerosis Progression

This article describes the rationale for the development of the MSProDiscuss™ clinical decision support (CDS) tool, its development, and insights into how it can help neurologists improve care for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a progressive disease characterized by heterogeneous symptoms and variable disease course. There is growing consensus that MS exists on a continuum, with overlap between relapsing–remitting and secondary progressive phenotypes. Evidence demonstrates that neuroaxonal loss occurs from the outset, that progression can occur independent of relapse activity, and that continuous underlying pathological processes may not be reflected by inflammatory activity indicative of the patient’s immune response. Early intervention can benefit patients, and there is a need for a tool that assists physicians in rapidly identifying subtle signs of MS progression. MSProDiscuss, developed with physicians and patients, facilitates a structured approach to patient consultations. It analyzes multidimensional data via an algorithm to estimate the likelihood of progression (the MSProDiscuss score), the contribution of various symptoms, and the impact of symptoms on daily living, enabling a more personalized approach to treatment and disease management. Data from CDS tools such as MSProDiscuss offer new insights into disease course and facilitate informed decision-making and a holistic approach to MS patient care.
TWO APPROACHES FOR STOCHASTIC INTEREST RATE OPTION MODEL

We present two approaches of the stochastic interest rate European option pricing model. One is a bond numeraire ap- proach which is applicable to a nonzero value asset. In this ap- proach, we assume log-normality of returns of the asset normalized by a bond whose maturity is the same as the expiration date of an option instead that of an asset itself. Another one is the expec- tation hypothesis approach for value zero asset which has futures- style margining. Bond numeraire approach allows us to calculate volatilities implied in options even though stochastic interest rate is considered.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Microenvironment Targeted Delivery

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects an increasing number of people globally, yet treatment options remain limited. At present, conventional treatments depending on drug therapy do not show an ideal effect in reversing the lung damage or extending the lives of IPF patients. In recent years, more and more attention has focused on extracellular vesicles (EVs) which show extraordinary therapeutic effects in inflammation, fibrosis disease, and tissue damage repair in many kinds of disease therapy. More importantly, EVs can be modified or used as a drug or cytokine delivery tool, targeting injury sites to enhance treatment efficiency. In light of this, the treatment strategy of mesenchymal stem cell-extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) targeting the pulmonary microenvironment for IPF provides a new idea for the treatment of IPF. In this review, we summarized the inflammation, immune dysregulation, and extracellular matrix microenvironment (ECM) disorders in the IPF microenvironment in order to reveal the treatment strategy of MSC-EVs targeting the pulmonary microenvironment for IPF.
A Semi-Analytical Method for Pricing and Hedging Continuously Sampled Arithmetic Average Rate Options

This paper studies the pricing and hedging of continuously sampled arithmetic average rate options. We derive a new analytical approximate formula to price and hedge the arithmetic average rate options. The correction to the analytical approximate formula is governed by a Partial Differential Equation (PDE) with smooth coefficients and zero initial condition, enabling it to be evaluated accurately by a numerical method. Numerical experiments show that the error of our semi-analytical method (ie, analytical approximation with the correction) is of the order of 10^{-7} for the grid size used in this paper, and the CPU time required for the numerical computation is only one second for a short-tenor option and 22 seconds for a long-tenor option. The accuracy can be improved further by reducing the grid size in a trade-off with CPU time. Our method is more accurate than any other method reported in the literature and it is faster than other PDE methods. With the error well controlled, our results can be used as a benchmark to justify the error computed by other approximation methods, including Monte Carlo simulation. [This article is a revised version of an earlier one entitled "Arithmetic Asian options with continuous sampling. "]
On the phenomenology of quantum gravity : stability properties of Hawking radiation in the presence of ultraviolet violation of local Lorentz invariance

In this thesis, we study several features of Hawking radiation in the presence of ultraviolet Lorentz violations. These violations are implemented by a modified dispersion relation that becomes nonlinear at short wavelengths. The motivations of this work arise on the one hand from the developing field of analog gravity, where we aim at measuring the Hawking effect in fluid flows that mimic black hole space-times, and on the other hand from the possibility that quantum gravity effects might be approximately modeled by a modified dispersion relation. We develop several studies on various aspects of the prob- lem. First we obtain precise characterizations about the deviations from the Hawking result of black hole radiation, which are induced by dispersion. Second, we study the emergence, both in white hole flows or for massive fields, of a macroscopic standing wave, spontaneously produced from the Hawking effect, and known as ‘undulation’. Third, we describe in detail an instability named black hole laser, which arises in the presence of two horizons, where Hawking radiation is self-amplified and induces an exponentially growing in time emitted flux.
How Surfaces Intersect In Space: An Introduction To Topology

This is a book of pictures that illustrates standard examples in low dimensional topology. The text starts at the most basic level (the intersection of coordinate planes) and gives hands on constructions of beautiful examples in topology: the projective plane, Poincare's example of a homology sphere, lens spaces, knotted surfaces, 2-sphere eversions, and higher dimensional manifolds. The text carefully explains the importance of the examples and the techniques without being bogged down in a morass of technicalities. The book seeks to be an entertaining introduction to topology for the lay-person, and can be used as a tool book for the expert. The book opens with the classification theorem of surfaces and then discusses the building blocks of surfaces mapped into space. These are branch points, double points, and triple points. The second chapter gives various constructions of the projective plane as it intersects itself in ordinary 3-space. The third chapter includes further examples and methods for constructing surfaces in 3-space. In chapter 4, other 3-dimensional spaces that are constructed by gluing standard pieces of ordinary 3-space together are discussed. In chapter 5, knots and surfaces bounded by these 3-spaces are discussed. Chapter 6 contains come current research on embedded surfaces in 4-dimensions. Chapter 7 gives a movie move decomposition of the famous 2-sphere eversion. Chapter 8 contains explorations into higher dimensions.
Mechanical male sterilisation in invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus: persistence and functionality in captive and wild conditions

Management control methods for invasive crayfish remain of limited effectiveness, resulting in ongoing invasions of high ecological impact. As management programmes integrating methods to limit juvenile recruitment could reduce population abundances, the efficacy of a sterile male release technique (SMRT) based on the manual removal of male gonopods was tested here in captive and wild conditions by comparing the survival, gonopod regeneration rates and a range of reproductive metrics of sterilised versus non-sterilised males. Sterilised male survival was high, with their removed gonopods regenerating at sizes that were always smaller than those of non-sterilised males. In captive trials, while sterilised males showed significantly lower areas of spermatophore cover than non-sterilised, and less accuracy in placement, subsequent female brood size did not differ significantly between the two male groups. The number of females retaining their clutches also did not also differ significantly between these groups. Over a seven-year period in the wild, there was no evidence suggesting SMRT significantly reduced female brood sizes and clutch retention rates. Although mechanical SMRT altered the size and delivery accuracy of sterilised male gonopods, female reproductive success of invasive crayfish was unaffected. Several potential reasons for this failure of the technique were identified and require further research.
Zero Moment Line—Universal Stability Parameter for Multi-Contact Systems in Three Dimensions

The widely used stability parameter, the zero moment point (ZMP), which is usually defined on the ground, is redefined, in this paper, in two different ways to acquire a more general form that allows its application to systems that are not supported only on the ground, and therefore, their support polygon does not extend only on the floor. This way it allows to determine the stability of humanoid and other floating-based robots that are interacting with the environment at arbitrary heights. In the first redefinition, the ZMP is represented as a line containing all possible ZMPs, called the zero moment line (ZML), while in the second redefinition, the ZMP is represented as the ZMP angle, i.e., the angle between the ZML and the vertical line, passing through the center of mass (COM) of the investigated system. The first redefinition is useful in situations when the external forces and their acting locations are known, while the second redefinition can be applied in situations when the COM of the system under study is known and can be tracked. The first redefinition of the ZMP is also applied to two different measurements performed with two force plates, two force sensors, and the Optitrack system. In the first measurement, a subject stands up from a bench and sits down while being pulled by its hands, while in the second measurement, two subjects stand still, hold on to two double handles, and lean backward. In both cases, the stability of the subjects involved in the measurements is investigated and discussed.
A proof of a conjecture of Buck, Chan and Robbins on the random assignment problem

We prove the main conjecture of the paper ``On the expected value of the minimum assignment'' by Marshall W. Buck, Clara S. Chan, and David P. Robbins (Random Structures & Algorithms 21 (2002), no. 1, 33--58). This is a vast generalization of a formula conjectured by Giorgio Parisi for the $n$ by $n$ random assignment problem. We combine the urn model from the article by Buck, Chan and Robbins, with our proof of Parisi's conjecture in our article posted on the Arxiv in March this year. Our new theorem generalize simultaneously our main theorem from that article and the conjecture by Buck, Chan and Robbins. Using the urn model we avoid several technical difficulties from our previous proof of Parisi's conjecture and get a shorter proof in a conceptually more appealling setting.
Conducting Matrices of the Poly(-O-Toluidine, PTOL) Film for Immobilizing Uricase

Polyaniline, PANI as conducting polymer has been used as enzyme immobilization matrix in biosensors due to its excellent stability and electrochromic effects, conductivity, and redox reversibility. However, at pH above 4, the electron transfer ability and redox activity decrease, henceit is necessary to modify the PANI structure to increase the PANI pH range. In this study, the PANI derivative, the poly(-o-toluidine, PTOL) film was produced for the uricase immobilization matrix. This study aimed to develop a supporting material that maintains catalytic activity uricase with a facile and inexpensive procedure. The PTOL was prepared by using the chemical oxidative polymerization technique with ammonium persulfate (dissolved in 1.0 M HCl) as an oxidizing agent. The FTIR spectra confirmed the success of PTOL formation by the appearance of its characteristic peaks. The UV-Vis spectra indicated that PTOL was in an emeraldine state with a semi-crystalline structure that was shown by its XRD pattern. While, SEM analysis described that the PTOL film was uniform with some granular aggregation in its surface morphology, but there is no holes or porosity were found. The use of PTOL film as a uricase matrix could maintain the uricase activity against the substrate (uric acid, UA) with excellent analytical characteristics. Therefore, PTOL film could be used as conducting matrices for immobilizing enzymes (e.g. biosensors).
Extended Remdesivir Infusion for Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection

Abstract Persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is difficult to treat. Here, we report a case of 5-month persistent coronavirus disease 2019 in an immunocompromised patient who was successfully treated with 30 consecutive days of remdesivir. Prolonged remdesivir infusion with concurrent cycle threshold monitoring might provide a potential solution to cure these patients with difficult-to-treat infections.
Research in Computational Methods for Structural Acoustics.

Abstract : The study of structural acoustics and fluid-structure interaction involves the solution of problems of acoustic radiation and scattering, elastic and structural wave propagation, and their interaction. Only relatively few, simple cases can be solved analytically and when the wavelength is of the same order as characteristic length scales asymptotic methods usually cannot be employed. Thus, most configurations of practical interest must be solved by standard computational tools such as boundary element, finite difference and finite element methods. Exterior problems of wave propagation pose a unique challenge to computation since the unbounded region is inappropriate for direct implementation of computational techniques. The derivation of mathematically sound continuous formulations that provide suitable bases for the computation of solutions to exterior problems of acoustics is not a trivial task. The performance of numerical methods that are then based on such a formulation, in terms of accuracy and convergence, as well as computational cost effectiveness, also requires careful consideration. This work reviews recent developments in numerical methods that address these issues.
The Theory and Design of Long-Deflection Constant-Force Spring Elements

A thorough study of the “neg’ator,” its present and predictable applications and design procedures are discussed in the light of two years’ experience in neg’ator development, research, and testing. The neg’ator is characterized by properties which permit it to exert constant or controlled varying force through theoretically infinite deflection. Design formulas and operation of the three major forms of the neg’ator, (1) extension member, (2) A-motor, and (3) B-motor, are discussed and illustrated. The major existing applications of the neg’ator are examined in terms of form, function, field, and type of mechanism and are illustrated by several representative designs.
Environment-induced dynamics in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate

We directly model the quantum many particle dynamics during the transition of a gas of N indistinguishable bosons into a Bose-Einstein condensate. To this end, we develop a quantitative quantum master equation theory, which takes into account two body interaction processes, and in particular describes the particle number fluctuations characteristic for the Bose-Einstein phase transition. Within the Markovian dynamics assumption, we analytically prove and numerically verify the Boltzmann ergodicity conjecture for a dilute, weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate. The new physical bottom line of our theory is the direct microscopic monitoring of the Bose-Einstein distribution during condensate formation in real-time, after a sudden quench of the non-condensate atomic density above the critical density for Bose-Einstein condensation.
A Review and Comparative Analysis of Sentiment Analysis Techniques

have attracted profiles and communicate They exchange posts, and Social networking requires appropriate techniques to analyze the huge amount of complex, and frequently updated data generated. Sentiment Analysis is one such method of handling this vast volume of data and extracting useful knowledge from it. Social networking contents are analyzed using different techniques to gain insight from this data and use it in decision-making processes. The aim of this work is to study the sentiment analysis concept and present state-of-the-art techniques as well as provide a comparative study of these techniques.
Build Healthier: Post-COVID-19 Urban Requirements for Healthy and Sustainable Living

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a renewed interest in urban environment and healthy living and the changes in urban environments which can make for a healthier living. Today, more than 50% of the global population lives in urban areas, and in Europe the number is 75%. We present a narrative review to explore considerations and necessary requirements to achieve health and well-being within strategies for healthy design and urban planning whilst rethinking urban spaces for a post-COVID-19 and carbon-neutral future. The achievement of health and well-being demands healthy design strategies, namely, (1) moving from the concept of infrastructure for processes to the infrastructure for healthy living—requirements for healthy places, cycling, walking, disintegrating the role of polluting traffic from the urban environments, social vulnerability and equality; (2) physical space that will achieve standards of ‘liveable communities’—open, green space requirements and standards for any built environment; (3) mainstreaming ‘in-the-walking distance’ cities and neighbourhoods for healthy physical activities for daily living; (4) exploring any of the new concepts that connect the nexus of urban spaces and public health and improving of the population’s well-being. Public health needs to be prioritised systematically in planning of built environments, energy generations, sustainable food production, and nutrition.
High-Performance and Economical Forced Resonant DC Circuit Breaker: Topology, Design, and Development

A dc circuit breaker (DCCB), which can interrupt a fault current, is the key equipment in a voltage source converter-based high-voltage dc (VSC-HVDC) transmission system. However, the existing DCCBs cannot balance economy and high reliability, thus preventing their large-scale application. This article proposes a new type of forced resonant mechanical circuit breaker (FR-MCB) that can generate an unlimited number of zero crossings to meet the requirements of low cost and high performance. To improve the performance of interrupting a fault current, a control strategy is proposed to offset the adverse effects of the delay in switching the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) on and off. Moreover, the parameter optimization method is studied to further reduce the cost of the FR-MCB. Finally, an 80-kV/10-kA prototype with high reliability and a much lower cost than those of the existing hybrid circuit breaker (HCB) and MCB schemes is developed, providing a new technical route for improving the economy of dc fault protection.
EXPONENTIAL STABILITY OF HOPFIELD CONFORMABLE FRACTIONAL-ORDER POLYTOPIC NEURAL NETWORKS

Nhiễu thường xuyên xuất hiện trong các hệ động lực trong thực tế bởi nhiều nguyên nhân như quá trình xấp xỉ tuyến tính, lỗi do đo đạc, lỗi trong quá trình mô hình hóa. Nhiễu dạng tổ hợp lồi là một trong những loại nhiễu này. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi nghiên cứu tính ổn định mũ cho một lớp mạng nơ ron Hopfield phân thứ phù hợp với nhiễu dạng tổ hợp lồi. Bằng cách sử dụng phương pháp hàm Lyapunov cho hệ phương trình vi phân phân thứ kết hợp với một số phép biến đổi trên ma trận, một điều kiện đủ cho tính ổn định mũ của mạng nơ ron Hopfiled phân thứ phù hợp được thiết lập dưới dạng bất đẳng thức ma trận tuyến tính. Điều kiện này có thể giải hiệu quả trong thời gian đa thức bởi các thuật toán tối ưu lồi. Các điều kiện được đưa ra ở đây tổng quát và cải tiến so với một số kết quả đã có bởi vì một số yếu tố như đạo hàm phân thứ phù hợp, nhiễu dạng tổ hợp lồi, tính ổn định mũ đã được xét đến. Một ví dụ số được đưa ra để minh họa cho tính chính xác của kết quả lý thuyết thu được.
Analysis of Chemical Content, Cytotoxic and Anti-Bacterial Activity Essential Oil of Lantana Camara Linn Leaves from Various Regions

Lantana camara Linn is a family of Verbenaceae that grows in tropical and subtropical areas and spread in about 50 countries in the world. This plant contains essential oils with different contents based on the difference in the place of growth. The purpose of this study was to isolate and determine the chemical content of the essential oil of L. camara Linn leaves obtained from Agam, Tanah Datar, Kampar Regency, Padang Panjang City and to determine its cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. Isolation was carried out by hydro distillation method and chemical content analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The high yield from the isolation of essential oil from leaves of L. camara Linn obtained from Tanah Datar Regency was 0.095% (w/w). The results of the analysis of the essential oil content with the main compounds for all Regency and City being caryophyllene with the high area percent was Tanah Datar Regency (19.74%). Cytotoxic activity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method showed that L. camara Linn essential oil was highly toxic with an LC50 value of 28.34 µg/mL from Padang Panjang City. Antibacterial activity test by disc diffusion method showed that L. camara Linn essential oil had moderate antibacterial activity againts Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, with high clear zone from Agam Regency was 12.9 mm and Tanah Datar Regency was 7.8 mm, respectively, at concentration of 100%.