Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Mechanism Concept and Design of Reconfigurable Robot for Rescue Operation

There seem to be a lot of robots that have been built up until today. Basically, the creation of robot is supposed to be a helper for a human. Robot will replace human whenever the task is really difficult or dangerous to be done by human. Recently, the robots that have been created were made reconfigurable. The purpose is to make the robot to function in more type of surroundings rather than only one surrounding. With this ability, the robot can be more useful to human, and less number of robot is required to complete a certain task. This report emphasizes on the reconfigurable robot project, where in this report, the robot that has been created is using the walking motion. It presents a description with pictures and construction drawings of a fourleg reconfigurable robot.
Molecular taxonomy of the yeasts

The term ‘yeast’ is often taken as a synonym for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the phylogenetic diversity of yeasts is illustrated by their assignment to two taxonomic classes of fungi, the ascomycetes and the basidiomycetes. Subdivision of taxa within their respective classes is usually made from comparisons of morphological and physiological features whose genetic basis is often unknown. Application of molecular comparisons to questions in yeast classification offers an unprecedented opportunity to re‐evaluate current taxonomic schemes from the perspective of quantitative genetic differences. This review examines the impact of molecular comparisons, notably rRNA/rDNA sequence divergence, on the current phenotypically defined classification of yeasts. Principal findings include: 1) budding ascomycetous yeasts are monophyletic and represent a sister group to the filamentous ascomycetes, 2) fission yeasts are ancestral to budding and filamentous ascomycetes, 3) the molecular phylogeny of basidiomycetous yeasts is generally congruent with type of hyphal septum, presence or absence of teliospores in the sexual state, and occurrence of cellular xylose.
Status of the SPIRE photometer data processing pipelines during the early phases of the Herschel Mission

We describe the current state of the ground segment of Herschel-SPIRE photometer data processing, approximately one year into the mission. The SPIRE photometer operates in two modes: scan mapping and chopped point source photometry. For each mode, the basic analysis pipeline - which follows in reverse the effects from the incidence of light on the telescope to the storage of samples from the detector electronics - is essentially the same as described pre-launch. However, the calibration parameters and detailed numerical algorithms have advanced due to the availability of commissioning and early science observations, resulting in reliable pipelines which produce accurate and sensitive photometry and maps at 250, 350, and 500 μm with minimal residual artifacts. We discuss some detailed aspects of the pipelines on the topics of: detection of cosmic ray glitches, linearization of detector response, correction for focal plane temperature drift, subtraction of detector baselines (offsets), absolute calibration, and basic map making. Several of these topics are still under study with the promise of future enhancements to the pipelines.
Soluble tumour necrosis factor-α receptor type 1 as a biomarker of response to phototherapy in patients with psoriasis

Abstract The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between the serum concentration of soluble tumour necrosis factor-α type 1 (sTNF-R1), the severity of plaque-type psoriasis and therapeutic response. We compared sTNF-R1 in 25 patients treated with narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) radiation and 25 patients treated with systemic photochemotherapy (psoralen plus UVA – PUVA). The pretreatment Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score and sTNF-R1 concentration were 16.32±5.26 and 1.99±0.40 ng ml−1, respectively, in the group treated with NB-UVB, and 17.22±3.48 and 2.07±0.31 ng ml−1, respectively, in the group treated with PUVA. The concentration of sTNF-R1 in healthy controls was 1.49±0.34 ng ml−1 (p<0.05 compared with patients with psoriasis). The pretreatment PASI score correlated with sTNF-R1 in both treatment groups (r=0.46 and r=0.44, p<0.05). NB-UVB and PUVA gave similar therapeutic effects (the PASI score after 20 treatments was 4.42±1.67 in the NB-UVB-treated group and 5.55±2.10 in PUVA-treated patients); however, the sTNF-R1 concentration at the same time differed significantly: 1.52±0.37 ng ml−1 and 1.98±0.39 ng ml−1 (p<0.001), respectively. Moreover, the decline in sTNF-R1 in both treatment groups was significant only in patients in whom the duration of skin lesions was less than 3 months. The results suggest that the value of serum sTNF-R1 concentration as a marker of response to phototherapy may depend on duration of skin lesions and the treatment method.
Five-level virtual-flux direct power control for the active neutral-point clamped multilevel inverter

Although multilevel inverters present numerous advantages such as high quality waveform, low switching losses, high voltage capability and low electromagnetic compatibility concerns, some drawbacks are evident. They require a higher number of semiconductors and either multiple isolated dc sources or a bank of series connected capacitors. Consequently, the control complexity increases considerably, since more switching devices normally result in a higher number of possible combinations and the balance of the capacitors has to be guaranteed. But on the other hand, multilevel inverters create an extra degree of freedom due to existing redundant voltage vectors, which produce the same output phase voltage level but with diverse effect on the dc-link and floating capacitors. Among the existing control techniques the virtual-flux direct power control (VF-DPC) has showed to be very suitable for grid connected systems since it controls the active and reactive powers directly without any internal current control loop or PWM modulator. However, in order to adapt the VF-DPC for multilevel systems, specifically for the recently proposed five-level Active Neutral-Point Clamped converter, additional features must be included and/or modified in the inner main control loop. In order to allow the controller to select a higher number of available voltage vectors, the active and reactive power hysteresis strategies are modified. Additionally, a method to balance the dc-link and floating capacitor voltages by applying available redundant states is implemented, based on the actual condition of the voltage across the lower dc-link and floating capacitors, as well output phase currents direction. The proposed five-level VF-DPC has been implemented using a 6 kW five-level prototype and has shown good static and dynamic performance.
The Balance of Renewable Sources and User Demands in Grids: Power Electronics for Modular Battery Energy Storage Systems

The continuously growing amount of renewable sources starts compromising the stability of electrical grids. Contradictory to fossil fuel power plants, energy production of wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy is fluctuating. Although predictions have significantly improved, an outage of multi-MW offshore wind farms poses a challenging problem. One solution could be the integration of storage systems in the grid. After a short overview, this paper focuses on two exemplary battery storage systems, including the required power electronics. The grid integration, as well as the optimal usage of volatile energy reserves, is presented for a 5- kW PV system for home application, as well as for a 100- MW medium-voltage system, intended for wind farm usage. The efficiency and cost of topologies are investigated as a key parameter for large-scale integration of renewable power at medium- and low-voltage.
Modeling investor sentiment and overconfidence in an agent-based stock market

Agent-based stock markets as bottom-up models of financial markets allow us to study the link between individual investor behavior and aggregate market phenomena, and as such are a useful tool for investigating the implications of behavioral finance and investor psychology. In this paper we want to disentangle between the effects of investor sentiment and investor overconfidence. While investor optimism or pessimism influences the expectations of future returns, overconfidence is related to the precision of those expectations and is modeled as miscalibration. In an artificial stock market based on the LLS model, we find that more optimistic investors create more pronounced booms and crashes in the market, when compared to the unbiased efficient market believers of the original model. In the case of extreme optimism, the optimistic investors end up dominating the market, while in the case of extreme pessimism, the market reduces to the benchmark model of rational informed investors. The overconfidence of investors is found to exacerbate the effects of investor sentiment.
Principles of Verifiable Rtl Design: A Functional Coding Style Supporting Verification Processes in Verilog

Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. The Verification Process. 3. RTL Methodology Basics. 4. RTL Logic Simulation. 5. RTL Formal Verification. 6. Verifiable RTL Style. 7. The Bad Stuff. 8. Verifiable RTL Tutorial. 9. Principles of Verifiable RTL Design. Bibliography. A Comparing Verilog Construct Performance. B Quick Reference. Index.
An Investigation of Information Systems Use Patterns: Technological Events as Triggers, the Effect of Time, and Consequences for Performance

Information systems use represents one of the core concepts defining the discipline. In this article, we develop a rich conceptualization of IS use patterns as individuals' emotions, cognition, and behaviors while employing an information technology to accomplish a work-related task. By combining two novel perspectives--the affect--object paradigm and automaticity--with coping theory, we theorize how different patterns appear and disappear as a result of different IT events--expected and discrepant--as well as over time, and how these patterns influence short-term performance. In order to test our hypotheses, we conducted two studies, one qualitative and the other quantitative, that combined different methods (e.g., open-ended questions, physiological data, videos, protocol analysis) to study the influence of expected and discrepant events. The synergistic properties of the two studies demonstrate the existence of two IS use patterns, automatic and adjusting. Most interactions are automatic, and adjusting patterns, triggered by discrepant IT events, fade over time and transition into automatic ones. Further, automatic patterns result in enhanced short-term performance, while adjusting ones do not. Our conceptualization of IS use patterns is useful because it addresses important questions (such as why negative IT perceptions persist) and clarifies that it is how (rather than how much) people use IT that is pertinent for performance.
The Vibrio cholerae O 1 chromosomal integron

Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Until the discovery of the Vibrio cholerae repeat (VCR), the gene capture and expression systems termed integrons had been typically associated with antibiotic-resistance gene cassettes with usually less than five genes in an array. A method is described for the cloning of the ends of large cassette arrays. Conserved restriction sites within VCRs facilitated the mapping by Southern hybridization and cloning of the 5’ end of the VCR array, and using appropriate fragments it was possible to develop a physical map of the region of the V. cholerae chromosome. Sequence determination of the predicted beginning of this region revealed intI4, a member of the integron family of integrases. Comparison of these sequences from El Tor, Classical and serotype O134 V. cholerae strains identified the 3’ end of the attI site, thereby defining the class 4 integron in one of the V. cholerae chromosomes, and providing the first evidence for integron-like site-specific recombination within V. cholerae. Conduction assays demonstrated IntI1-mediated recombination between VCRs. Restriction mapping places the sequences of intI4 and 26 VCR gene cassettes in arrays within a 120 kb region of the V. cholerae O1 strain 569B genome. This region contains an estimated 150 VCR gene cassettes, dwarfing previously described arrays. Southern analysis of genomic DNA from strains of Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio mimicus and a number of V. cholerae serotypes revealed fragments that hybridized with VCR-specific probes but showed a high degree of restriction fragment length polymorphism. These data facilitate the identification of part of a new class 5 integron from V. mimicus.
Using Stress Resistance to Isolate Novel Longevity Mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans

Up to 30 single gene mutations have been identified in the free-living nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans that extend both mean and maximum life span (Age mutations). 1 All Age mutations tested also confer increased thermotolerance (Itt). 2 The Itt phenotype allows for the rapid and economic isolation of mutant lines with extended life spans. We are currently using 4,5′, 8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP)-induced mutagenesis to facilitate cloning of novel Age genes. This mutagen requires activation by ultraviolet light3 and cross-links DNA. TMP was successfully used in C. elegans4 and more recently in zebrafish Danio rerio5 and was shown to produce small deletions in DNA, ranging in size from 0.1–15 kb in length. Presented here is preliminary analysis of genetic variants of C. elegans produced by mutagenesis using TMP. A mutagenesis protocol was modified from that of Yandell et al.4 and successfully produced mutants with visible mutant phenotypes (e.g., uncoordinated, dumpy, slow development, embryonic lethality, and increased male frequency). To identify mutants with extended life span (Age mutants), the associated phenotype of Itt was used as the selection method.
An approach to reduce the fluctuation of HVDC link current in series connected wind turbines

In the present paper the proposed topology is to improve the power quality of high voltage dc (HVDC) link current which is used for series interconnected offshore wind turbines. The series connection of wind turbines is used with dc-dc converters to build HVDC link voltage. In the present work each wind turbine is furnished with a 5 MW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected to ac-dc-dc converter. 150 MW wind farm is modelled and simulated using thirty units of wind generator with a rated dc link voltage of 125 kV at 1.22 kA. It is observed that the proposed topology reduces the output current fluctuation in HVDC link. The simulation has been done in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment).
The development of an optical fiber alignment and fusion machine

This paper introduces the development of an optical fiber alignment and fusion machine that has sub-micrometer precision. The system structure, resolution of machine components, and operation procedure are illustrated in this article. Experiments are conducted to test the function of this machine. The results are satisfactory and some of them are reported in this article.
Osteochondrosis and osteochondral fragments in Standardbred trotters: prevalence and relationships.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Developmental orthopaedic diseases (DOD) such as osteochondrosis (OC)/osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD), palmar/plantar osteochondral fragments (POF), ununited palmar/plantar eminences (UPE) and dorsoproximal first phalanx fragments are well recognised in the horse. Aetiopathogeneses are controversial and molecular genetic screening of DNA has recently been employed for their elucidation. Precise phenotypic definition and knowledge of breed-specific prevalence and interrelations are essential for the interpretation of following genomic studies in Standardbred trotters. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence, trend of development and interrelation of DOD in tarsocrural, metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints in Standardbred trotters. METHODS The tarsocrural and MCP/MTP joints of 464 Norwegian Standardbred yearlings were radiographed and the prevalence and interrelation of osteochondral lesions calculated. RESULTS Osteochondral lesions were diagnosed in 50.7% of the horses. The prevalence of tarsocrural OC/OCD at the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia (DIT) and the lateral trochlear ridge of the talus (LTT) was 19.3%. The prevalence of OC/OCD in MCP joints was 3.6%, whereas those of POF and UPE in MCP/MTP joints were 23.1 and 3.9%, respectively. Interrelation was evident for 1) most equivalent lesions in joint homologues, 2) OCD DIT and OCD LTT and 3) POF and UPE. Lesions in hock and fetlock joints were generally not significantly associated. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of tarsocrural OC/OCD in Norwegian Standardbreds is apparently increasing, whereas that of other articular DOD appears stable. Association analyses verify bilateralism for most equivalent lesions and suggest aetiological resemblance also between other lesions. The absence of a significant association between tarsocrural OCD and POF implies that the lesions must be considered statistically different disorders. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE The prevalence results emphasise that DOD should be considered in Standardbred breeding regimens (e.g. by sire selection subsequent to progeny testing). Also, improved phenotypic definitions will help elucidate the true causal genes in following genomic studies.
Clinical validation of the WMS-IV-NL brief cognitive status exam (BCSE) in older adults with MCI or dementia

ABSTRACT Background: The Brief Cognitive Status Exam (BCSE) is a new, optional subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV (WMS-IV) developed for rapid detection of cognitive deficits. We examined the clinical validation of the Dutch version of the BCSE in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, comparing it to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Method: BCSE and MMSE were administered in 39 older adults with MCI, 51 with dementia and 96 matched healthy controls. Results: Our results show that the BCSE is a valid screening instrument, with psychometric properties similar to the widely used MMSE. High correlations were found between the BCSE and MMSE (r = 0.79, n = 183, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a BCSE cut-off score ≤ 42 revealed a sensitivity of 96% a specificity of 92%, a positive predictive value of 86% and a negative predictive value of 97%, whereas the MMSE cut-off score of ≤ 24 showed values of 84%, 96%, 91%, and 92%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values to detect MCI compared to controls was 81%, 80%, 61%, and 92%, respectively, on the BCSE, with a cut-off score of ≤ 46, and 84%, 76%, 57%, and 92%, respectively, on the MMSE, with a cut-off score of ≤ 27. Conclusions: The Dutch version of the BCSE is a clinically valid screening instrument for the detection of cognitive impairment in patients with dementia. Nevertheless, for distinguishing older adults with MCI from healthy controls both the BCSE and MMSE have limitations.
Probing the Specificity of Binding to the Major Nuclear Localization Sequence-binding Site of Importin-α Using Oriented Peptide Library Screening*

Importin-α is the nuclear import receptor that recognizes the classic monopartite and bipartite nuclear localization sequences (cNLSs), which contain one or two clusters of basic amino acids, respectively. Different importin-α paralogs in a single organism are specific for distinct repertoires of cargos. Structural studies revealed that monopartite cNLSs and the C-terminal basic clusters of the bipartite cNLSs bind to the same site on importin-α, termed the major cNLS-binding site. We used an oriented peptide library approach with five degenerate positions to probe the specificity of the major cNLS-binding site in importin-α. We identified the sequences KKKRR, KKKRK, and KKRKK as the optimal sequences for binding to this site for mouse importin-α2, human importin-α1, and human importin-α5, respectively. The crystal structure of mouse importin-α2 with its optimal peptide confirmed the expected binding mode resembling the binding of simian virus 40 large tumor-antigen cNLS. Binding assays confirmed that the peptides containing these sequences bound to the corresponding proteins with low nanomolar affinities. Nuclear import assays showed that the sequences acted as functional cNLSs, with specificity for particular importin-αs. This is the first time that structural information has been linked to an oriented peptide library screening approach for importin-α; the results will contribute to understanding of the sequence determinants of cNLSs, and may help identify as yet unidentified cNLSs in novel proteins.
A novel transcription factor involved in plant defense endowed with protein phosphatase activity

In plants, expression of a disease‐resistance character following perception of a pathogen involves massive deployment of transcription‐dependent defenses. Thus, if rapid and effective defense responses have to be achieved, it is crucial that the pathogenic signal is transduced and amplified through pre‐existing signaling pathways. Reversible phosphorylation of specific transcription factors, by a concerted action of protein kinases and phosphatases, may represent a mechanism for rapid and flexible regulation of selective gene expression by environmental stimuli. Here we identified a novel DNA‐binding protein from tobacco plants, designated DBP1, with protein phosphatase activity, which binds in a sequence‐specific manner to a cis‐ acting element of a defense‐related gene and participates in its transcriptional regulation. This finding helps delineate a terminal event in a signaling pathway for the selective activation of early transcription‐dependent defense responses in plants, and suggests that stimulus‐dependent reversible phosphorylation of regulatory proteins may occur directly in a transcription protein–DNA complex.
The functional subunit of a dimeric transcription activator protein depends on promoter architecture.

In Class I CAP‐dependent promoters, the DNA site for CAP is located upstream of the DNA site for RNA polymerase. In Class II CAP‐dependent promoters, the DNA site for CAP overlaps the DNA site for RNA polymerase, replacing the ‐35 site. We have used an ‘oriented heterodimers’ approach to identify the functional subunit of CAP at two Class I promoters having different distances between the DNA sites for CAP and RNA polymerase [CC(‐61.5) and CC(‐72.5)] and at one Class II promoter [CC(‐41.5)]. Our results indicate that transcription activation at Class I promoters, irrespective of the distance between the DNA sites for CAP and RNA polymerase, requires the activating region of the promoter‐proximal subunit of CAP. In striking contrast, our results indicate that transcription activation at Class II promoters requires the activating region of the promoter‐distal subunit of CAP.