Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
the potential for cooperative management of elasmobranchs and offshore renewable energy development in uk waters

the uk government's strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to meet carbon mitigation obligations and the wider aims on sustainable development has provided the impetus for a rapid growth in activity associated with offshore renewable energy, particularly offshore wind farms. recently, consents for offshore renewable energy development (ored) were approved in three strategic areas—the outer thames estuary, the greater wash and the eastern irish sea. the scale of the planned developments means that each will have a large environmental footprint and multiple ored will have a cumulative effect on the environment. here we discuss current understanding of ored construction, operation and decommissioning with regard to the potential interaction with elasmobranchs because of the worrying status of elasmobranch populations within the uk coastal zone. based on the likely interactions between elasmobranchs and ored a framework is proposed which aims to promote cooperative initiatives between elasmobranch conservation management and the offshore renewables industry.
The Effects of GQM+Strategies on Organizational Alignment

The increasing role of software for developing products and services requires that organizations align their software-related activities with high-level business goals. In practice, this alignment is very difficult and only little systematic support is available. GQM + Strategies is a method that aims at aligning organizational goals, strategies, and measurements at all levels of an organization in a seamless way. This article describes a case study of applying GQM + Strategies in a globally operating industrial R&D organization developing special-purpose device products for B2B customers. The study analyzes how GQM + Strategies has helped clarify and harmonize the goal set of the organization. Results of the study indicate improved alignment and integration of different goals. In addition, the method helped to make the initially informal goal-setting more transparent and consequently enabled revising it while new, more important goals were discovered and comprehended. Moreover, several elements affecting the achievement of goals as well as impediments were identified.
Azolla on top of the world : an ecophysiological study of floating fairy moss and its potential role in ecosystem services related to climate change

The water fern genus Azolla has been found in marine sediments, showing that ancestral species grew in marine ecosystems during the Eocene. Modern Azolla species, however, only live in freshwater. Besides aiming to elucidate experimentally the conditions that prevailed over the Arctic Ocean and adjacent Nordic seas during the Eocene, studies on tolerance of these plants to salt stress have applied potential as Azolla may be used as a fertilizer, thanks to its symbiosis with N2-fixing Anabaena cyanobacteria, and grown on salt-infiltrated agricultural fields. Here, the response of a temperate Azolla filiculoides – Anabaena Azollae association to a wide salinity gradient (0-210 mM NaCl) was studied by measuring growth, plant nutrient concentrations, nitrogenase activity and the accumulation of free amino acids in the association. The association was able to grow at salt concentrations up to 90 mM NaCl and appeared to acclimate in this range but only after a period of 75 days. At concentrations exceeding 120 mM NaCl, however, roots were shed and impairment of water and nutrient uptake (including N2 fixation) resulted in die off. Increased Na concentrations in the plants grown at external salt concentrations of 30 mM NaCl were to some extent reverted by decreased K concentrations, suggesting that K in the plants was replaced by Na as plant growth was not affected. Absolute nutrient concentrations in plant tissue were not correlated with plant growth and therefore not suitable as reliable indicators for salt stress. However, significant increases in the free amino acids proline and glutamate and significant decreases in asparagine, glutamine and gamma-amino-butyric-acid were found with increasing salinity. The constitutively high glutamine concentrations in the plants grown up to 90 mM NaCl may have contributed to the salt tolerance of the plants by providing osmotic adjustment. Proline concentrations and glutamine/ glutamate ratios proved to be strong linear indicators for the level of salt stress and can therefore be used to predict the tipping point concentration. The salt resistance limit of 90 mM NaCl corresponds well to climate model predictions of salinity levels of ancestral habitats of Azolla in the Eocene Arctic Ocean.
Prospects for the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in the immunocompromised patient

In recent years there has been some progress in diagnosing invasive aspergillosis at an early stage of disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are more sensitive than culture for detecting Aspergillus sp in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAD fluid specimens but diagnostic reliability may be diminished by false-positive reactions when patients are colonized with Aspergillus conidia or by laboratory contamination. Aspergillus antigens can be detected with a rapid, commercially-available, latex-agglutination (LA) test which employs the monoclonal antibody EB-A2 raised against Aspergillus galactomannan. The sensitivity of this test was found to be 38–95%, and positive test results were obtained only during advanced stages of disease. Recently, a sandwich ELISA has been developed which employs the same monoclonal antibody but was almost 10 times more sensitive than the LA test. This ELISA test yielded a sensitivity of 90% when a series of serum samples was employed. Furthermore, Aspergillus galactomannan was detected in the serum at an earlier stage of infection than that detected by the LA test. The development of sensitive diagnostic methods such as these offers an opportunity for optimizing diagnosis and improving the management of invasive aspergillosis. By allowing selective targeting of patients for antifungal therapy to pre-empt invasive aspergillosis, the outlook for patients at risk should be improved in terms of both morbidity and mortality.
Development of community health service-oriented computer-assisted information system for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases

Objective Community health services are an emerging trend. We have found in practice that diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in the community are distinct. The respiratory department’s daily work involves a number of outpatient registration items and a vast workload. The routine manual operation is inefficient and it is not convenient to make effective statistical analysis of the outpatient data to identify the risk factors closely related to diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to process the outpatient information of patients with respiratory diseases effectively and efficiently in a unified manner by means of computer technology. Methods The design and realization of the Community Health Service-oriented computer-assisted Information System for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases (CHS-DTRD) was completed as part of the community intervention study on bronchial asthma that was carried out jointly by the Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University and the Hospital of Nanjing University of Science & Technology, and based on 2 years of experience and the needs of an overall analysis. Results The computer-assisted information system for diagnosis and treatment was developed using Java Server Page (JSP) technology and introducing the advanced Asynchronous JavaScript XML (AJAX) technique and MS-SQL Server was used in the background database. CHS-DTRD was composed of eight functional modules (outpatient data maintenance, outpatient appointment, intelligent analysis for disease risk factors, query and statistics, data dictionary maintenance, database manipulation, access control, and system configuration). CHS-DTRD featured a friendly interface, convenient operation, and stability and reliability. Conclusion Community health-oriented diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases is simple, programmable, and intuitive, thus the workload of physicians is significantly reduced and the work efficiency is improved. This system facilitates an intelligent analysis of disease risk factors using data mining technology, and provides physicians with suggestions on intelligent analysis for diagnosis of disease and conclusion of disease causes.
Arrhenius and Gleason revisited: new hybrid models resolve an old controversy

Aim Studies have typically employed species–area relationships (SARs) from sample areas to fit either the power relationship or the logarithmic (exponential) relationship. However, the plots from empirical data often fall between these models. This article proposes two complementary and hybrid models as solutions to the controversy regarding which model best fits sample‐area SARs.
Enhancing the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network and Coverage alongside Load Balancing

: One of the essential destinations of wireless sensor network is to give full scope of a detecting field as far as might be feasible. Numerous errands, for example, object following and combat zone interruption identification require full scope whenever. With the restricted vitality of sensor nodes, sorting out these nodes into a maximal number of subgroups able to do observing every discrete point of interest and after that on the other hand actuating them is a pervasive approach to give better nature of observation. In this paper, advanced maximum connected load-balancing cover tree (MCLCT) algorithm to accomplish full coverage too as base station network of every sensing nodes by progressively framing load-balancing cover trees. Such an undertaking is especially figured as a most extreme cover tree issue, which has been turned out to be nondeterministic polynomial complete. The proposed advanced MCLCT comprises of two segments: 1) advanced low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy LEACH and 2) a probabilistic load-balancing procedure for determining the routing path. Through advanced MCLCT, energy utilization among nodes turns out to be more uniformly because of the enhanced load-balancing which increases the network life time. The simulation results show that the solution performs better than the existing ones.
Continuous ethanol production from carob pod extract by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a packed-bed reactor

The continuous production of ethanol from carob pod extract by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a packed-bed reactor has been investigated. At a substrate concentration of 150 g dm−3, maximum ethanol productivity of 16 g dm−3 h−1 was obtained at D = 0·4 h−1 with 62·3% of theoretical yield and 83·6% sugars′ utilization. At a dilution rate of 0·1 h−1, optimal ethanol productivity was achieved in the pH range 3·5–5·5, temperature range 30–35·C and initial sugar concentration of 200 g dm−3. Maximum ethanol productivity of 24·5 g dm−3 h−1 was obtained at D = 0·5 h−1 with 58·8% of theoretical yield and 85% sugars′ utilization when non-sterilized carob pod extract containing 200 g dm−3 total sugars was used as feed material. The bioreactor system was operated at a constant dilution rate of 0·5 h−1 for 30 days without loss of the original immobilized yeast activity. In this case, the average ethanol productivity, ethanol yield (% of theoretical) and sugars′ utilization were 25 g dm−3 h−1, 58·8% and 85·5%, respectively.
Sex differences in the use of daily torpor and foraging time by big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) during the reproductive season

Temperate zone bats can use daily torpor as a means of saving energy. Some argue, however, that torpor is costly for both males and females and that individuals should only use it during times of poor foraging conditions. Others hypothesize that the costs are greater for females and that males should enter torpor more regularly. We tested these alternative hypotheses by using temperature-sensitive radiotransmitters to monitor use of torpor and foraging by free-ranging big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). During the pregnancy period, males used torpor at night more and foraged less often than did females. Males also went into deep torpor more often and remained in torpor longer than did females. When they foraged, males and females were away from the roosts for equal periods of time. During the lactation period, males and females rarely failed to forage and foraging times were again no different between the sexes, although males may roost at night away from the maternity colonies. Males again used torpor and deep torpor more often and for longer than females did. These results support the hypothesis that the fitness costs of using torpor are lower for males than for reproductive females and that males regularly use torpor as an energy-saving mechanism. Females enter torpor only when foraging conditions are poor, presumably because torpor prolongs gestation and slows neonatal growth thereby leaving less time for females and their young to prepare for hibernation.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of propolis and nanopropolis against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans

This study was carried out in order to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of propolis and nanopropolis, against Staphylocuccus aureus and Candida albicans collected from Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Taleghan, Iran. Agar well diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial activity of propolis and nanopropolis. The nanopropoils was prepared by milling media method. Most of the nanopropolis size was under the 100 nanometers. There were significant differences between propolis and nanopropolis in inhibition of S. aureus and C. albicans (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05), respectively. Findings of this study indicated that natural nanoparticles have the potential to be used efficiently in the control of bacterial and fungal diseases. Key words: Nanopropolis, propolis, antimicrobial, Staphylococcus aureus, Candidaalbicans.
RICE‐PAPER PLANT –TETRAPANAX PAPYRIFER

Summary. From the 1820s pith became a familiar material in Europe, under the name of rice-paper, as a raw material for artificial flowers, and as a medium for export paintings from China. The structure of pith sheets was early recognised as different to that of paper, but it was not until 1852 that William Jackson Hooker was able to describe the source plant, as Aralia papyrifera Hook. , now Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K. Koch. Using his consular contacts, Hooker was able to build up a remarkable collection of pith, as raw materials, artificial flowers and Chinese paintings. Many are described and illustrated in this article, in the context of recent work on the history and conservation of pith paintings.
Evolutionary comparative analyses of the relationship between leaf structure and function

summary We have applied evolutionary comparative methods to control for phylogenetic relationships between species in order to determine if three recently proposed relationships between leaf structure and function are upheld, using a large database comprising a wide range of species from tropical and temperate ecosystems. The three hypotheses tested were: (i) leaf thickness is positively correlated with total stomatal density (adaxial and abaxial values summed); (ii) amphistomatous leaves (stomata present on the upper and lower surfaces) have a higher maximum stomatal conductance than hypostomatous (stomata on the lower surface only) leaves, and (iii) changes in the stomatal density on upper and lower leaf surfaces are regulated in a compensatory manner. The results showed that, contrary to several mathematical modelling studies, thicker leaves were not associated with more stomata either in species from lowland tropical rain forests or from central Europe. Amphistomatous leaves had a higher maximum stomatal conductance, indicating that one aspect of previous modelling work is correctly underpinned after accounting for relatedness. Finally, we found no evidence that the stomatal densities on upper and tower leaf surfaces are closely regulated. These three physiological traits are discussed with reference both to the modelling of leaf gas exchange and to plant function in relation to microclimate.
Assessment of cryptic species diversity within blooms and cyst bank of the Alexandrium tamarense complex (Dinophyceae) in a Mediterranean lagoon facilitated by semi-multiplex PCR

The occurrence of Alexandrium catenella related to paralytic shellfish poisoning in the French Mediterranean Thau lagoon has been known since 1998. Blooms are recurrent and usually occur each year in spring and/or autumn. Taxonomic diversity of resting cysts and vegetative cells has been studied through morphological examination and molecular typing of 558 clonal strains sampled in 2004 and 2007. Sequencing the nuclear rRNA fragment including ITS1, the 5.8S rRNA gene, ITS2, and the D1/D2 28S rRNA gene permitted the detection of two species A. catenella and A. tamarense which are difficult to distinguish morphologically (cryptic species). In order to carry out massive and accurate molecular determinations, an original semi-multiplex PCR method, using new ribotype-specific primers targeting the 18S-28S rRNA ITS region has been developed. The relative abundance of each species was then established in seawater in 2007 and in the sediment collected in 2004. The co-occurrence of A. catenella (Group IV), which is known as the main species responsible for toxic PSP events since 1998 and of A. tamarense (Group III) (non-toxic), which was not formally recognized by microscopic observation since 1995, was examined for several months.
Effects of benthic macrofauna and temperature on degradation of macroalgal detritus: The fate of organic carbon

The combined effects of bioturbation by the polychaete Nereis diversicolor and temperature (4”, 8”, 16°C) on diagenesis of short-term (48 h) 14C-labeled Chondrus crispus (new) detritus added to organic-poor sandy sediment were examined over 20 d. The overall rate of weight-specific CO, production was 5 times higher for C. crispus detritus than for indigenous (old) sediment detritus. N. diversicolor increased sediment 0, uptake and total CO2 production by 30-70%: most of this increase was due to worm respiration. Net release of 14C0, was not affected by the worms; microbial 14C0, production was reduced 30%, indicating competitive interaction between worms and bacteria. The activities of N. diversicolor removed 20-50% more of the particulate 14C label in bioturbated sediment than in defaunated. All of this excess loss was recovered in worm tissues. The increase in total CO, production, but not 14C0, production, in the presence of N. diversicolor indicated that bioturbation affected the net mineralization of relatively refractory (old) organic matter more than it affected the labile (new) pools. The temperature dependence of carbon diagenesis was not affected significantly by the worms. The microbial component of total benthic metabolism increased more with temperature (activation energy, E = 53-59 kJ mol-I) than worm respiration did (E = 29 kJ mol-I).
TISSUE FRACTION-PAST AND PRESENT

THIS IS NOT a review. I t is an essay, conceived in the first place as a tribute to one of the founders of modern biology. Accordingly, it dwells over the past and considers tissue fracfionation mainly in its historical perspective. I t does take a brief look at the present state of the art, mainly in order to give some sort of idea of what has been accomplished in the last 25 years thanks to the development of tissue fractionafion. This survery is restricted to liver, the original object of the method. The bibliography is mainly historical, but includes references to a few recent reviews and research papers, through which much of the remaining literature can easily be traced back.
CoMModO ? Complex Material Modeling Operations, A Comprehensive Approach to the Modeling of Complex Materials with Machine Learning Models within Finite Element Simulations

Due to the increasing usage of complex materials in lightweight design the development of proper material models for the prediction of damage and failure within Finite Element simulations has become an extensive task. Other fields of application already have shown that the introduction of Soft Computing and Machine Learning methods can be very beneficial for getting the complexity under control. The contribution aims at sketching a systematic approach to the application of machine learning methods in the field of material modelling. The focus is put not only on the definition of well performing mathematical models, but also on process aspects of generating and maintaining the mathematical models within reproducible, requirementdriven and controlled iterative environments for Computer Aided Engineering.
Identification of Spring- and Autumn-Spawning Herring (Clupea harengus harengus) using Maturity Stages Assigned from a Gonadosomatic Index Model

A model is developed to identify the spawning type of individual herring (Clupea harengus harengus) from the sympatric spring and autumn spawning stocks in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (NAFO Division 4T). The maturity stage is assigned from a gonadosomatic index model using discriminant analysis and the spawning type is determined from the maturity stage and the month of capture according to a detailed description of the annual maturity cycle of each type. The model is shown to be objective, quantitative, and precise. Greater than 97% overall agreement was achieved between the spawning type classification of individuals by histological means and by the model, significantly improving the identification accuracy compared with a macroscopic maturity stage key. The model also has the advantages of (1) identifying the spawning type directly by determining the "season of spawning" rather than the "season spawned" as is inferred from indirect evidence such as otolith characteristics or meristic data, (2) re.
Reliability and validity of the Chinese revised version of the intolerance of uncertainty scale

Objective To explore the reliability and validity of the Chinese revised version of the Intolerance of uncertainty scale(IUS). Methods A total of 930 college students completed the IUS. 45 college students participated in the retest 3 weeks later. The self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and the self-rating depression scale(SDS) were used as criterions for assessment of the validity of the Chinese revised version of IUS. Results The Chinese revised version of IUS contained 21 items. Exploratory factor analysis found a two-factor model (negative belief and emotional experience, behavioral dysfunction and negative self-reference) with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 42.09%. And the results of Confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df=2.82, GFI=0.90, TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.065) indicated that this model provided a reasonable good fit for Chinese college students. The Cronbach α of internal consistency reliability were good for IUS and two subscales, which were 0.929, 0.885 and 0.864, respectively. The test-retest reliabilities for IUS and two subscales were 0.782, 0.766 and 0.714 respectively. The IUS scores were positively correlated with the scores of SAS and SDS (r=0.489~0.575, P<0.001). Conclusion It suggests that the Chinese revised version of IUS has good reliability and validity, which is qualified enough for relevant research and applications for Chinese adults. Key words: Intolerance of uncertainty; Reliability; Validity; Psychometric studies