Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clouds and Convective Self‐Aggregation in a Multimodel Ensemble of Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Simulations

The Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project (RCEMIP) is an intercomparison of multiple types of numerical models configured in radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE). RCE is an idealization of the tropical atmosphere that has long been used to study basic questions in climate science. Here, we employ RCE to investigate the role that clouds and convective activity play in determining cloud feedbacks, climate sensitivity, the state of convective aggregation, and the equilibrium climate. RCEMIP is unique among intercomparisons in its inclusion of a wide range of model types, including atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs), single column models (SCMs), cloud‐resolving models (CRMs), large eddy simulations (LES), and global cloud‐resolving models (GCRMs). The first results are presented from the RCEMIP ensemble of more than 30 models. While there are large differences across the RCEMIP ensemble in the representation of mean profiles of temperature, humidity, and cloudiness, in a majority of models anvil clouds rise, warm, and decrease in area coverage in response to an increase in sea surface temperature (SST). Nearly all models exhibit self‐aggregation in large domains and agree that self‐aggregation acts to dry and warm the troposphere, reduce high cloudiness, and increase cooling to space. The degree of self‐aggregation exhibits no clear tendency with warming. There is a wide range of climate sensitivities, but models with parameterized convection tend to have lower climate sensitivities than models with explicit convection. In models with parameterized convection, aggregated simulations have lower climate sensitivities than unaggregated simulations.
Institutions and the fortunes of territories†

Regions and cities face unceasing pressures to adapt in response to processes of globalization, changes in industrial production, and new patterns of migration and trade. At the same time, the dominant development policies are proving less than capable of providing answers to these challenges. Strategies based on a mix of physical and human capital and technology have not succeeded in dealing with growing territorial inequality and its treacherous economic, social and political consequences. There is thus an urgent need to understand why territorial divergence occurs and why there is what seems to be a growing decline in the returns of public intervention targeting economic development. In the search for answers, scholars have turned to the examination of institutions. But despite progress in our grasp of how institutions affect development, crucial knowledge gaps remain. This paper reviews recent progress in our understanding of the role of institutions for development, unveils the most important gaps, and proposes a series of avenues to improve how a better understanding of how institutions shape regional and urban development can lead to more efficient development policies. Las regiones y las ciudades se enfrentan a presiones continuas de adaptacion en respuesta a los procesos de globalizacion, cambios en la produccion industrial y las nuevas pautas de migracion y comercio. Al mismo tiempo, las politicas de desarrollo dominantes estan demostrando ser menos capaces de dar respuestas a estos desafios. Las estrategias basadas en una mezcla de capital fisico y humano y tecnologia no han logrado hacer frente a la creciente desigualdad territorial y sus peligrosas consecuencias economicas, sociales y politicas. Por consiguiente, es urgente comprender por que se producen divergencias territoriales y por que se produce lo que parece ser una disminucion creciente de los beneficios de la intervencion publica orientada al desarrollo economico. En la busqueda de respuestas, la investigacion ha recurrido al examen de las instituciones. Pero a pesar de los avances en la comprension de como las instituciones afectan al desarrollo, siguen existiendo lagunas de conocimiento cruciales. En este articulo se examinan los progresos recientes en nuestra comprension de la funcion de las instituciones para el desarrollo, se revelan las lagunas mas importantes y se propone una serie de vias para mejorar la forma en que una mejor comprension de la manera en que las instituciones configuran el desarrollo regional y urbano puede conducir a politicas de desarrollo mas eficientes. 地域や都市は、グローバル化の過程、工業生産の変化、移住や商取引の新しいパターンに対応して適応させられる圧力に絶え間なく直面している。 それと同時に、支配的開発政策は、これらの課題に対処する能力がないことが明らかになってきている。 物理的資本と人的資本と技術の組み合わせを基にした戦略では、拡大する地域格差と、その危険性を孕む経済的、社会的、政治的影響には対処することができない。 そのため、なぜ地域格差が生じているのか、なぜ経済発展を目的とした公的介入のリターンが減少しているようにみられるのかを解明することが急務である。 答えを探すために、研究者たちは機関を調査することを始めた。 しかし、制度が開発にどのように影響するか理解が進んでいるにもかかわらず、知識の大きなギャップが今なお存在している。 本稿では、開発のための機関の役割に関する我々の理解の最近の進展を概観し、最も大きなギャップを明らかする。 そして、機関が地域/都市開発をどのように形成しているかをよりよく理解することが、より効率的な開発政策につながる方法を改善するための一連の方法を提案する。
Impact of spring upwelling variability off southern-central Chile on common sardine (Strangomera bentincki) recruitment

Off southern-central Chile, the impact of spring upwelling variability on common sardine (Strangomera bentincki) recruitment was examined by analyzing satellite and coastal station winds, satellite chlorophyll, and common sardine recruitment from a stock assess- ment model. In austral spring, the intensity of wind- driven upwelling is related to sea surface temperature (SST) from the Nino 3.4 region, being weak during warm periods (El Nino) and strong during cold periods (La Nina). Interannual changes in both spring upwell- ing intensity and SST from the Nino 3.4 region are related to changes in remotely sensed chlorophyll over the continental shelf. In turn, year-to-year changes in coastal chlorophyll are tightly coupled to common sar- dine recruitment. We propose that, in the period 1991- 2004, interannual changes in the intensity of spring upwelling affected the abundance and availability of planktonic food for common sardine, and consequently determined pre-recruit survival and recruitment strength. However, the importance of density-depen- dent factors on the reproductive dynamic cannot be neglected, as a negative association exists between spawning biomass and recruitment-per-spawning biomass. Coastal chlorophyll, upwelling intensity, and SST anomalies from the Nino 3.4 region could poten- tially help to predict common sardine recruitment scenarios under strong spring upwelling and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related anomalies.
The use of untraditional ration constituents in feeding of growing ducks: B - Dried rumen contents.

The present study was performed to study the effect of addition of dried rumen contents in the diet of growing ducklings on performance, carcass traits and some blood biochemical constituents. Sixty Muscovy ducklings of two weeks old were randomly distributed into 5 groups each of 12 ducklings. The first group was considered as a control and was fed adlibitum on a grower/ finisher diet. The other four groups were fed diets containing dried rumen content at levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20% respectively. All diets were formulated to be isocaloric (3000 kcal/kg ME), isonitrogenous (16% CP) as recommended by NRC (1994) for growing ducks. The experiment was extended for 10 weeks. Performance characteristics were assessed. In addition, some blood constituents, carcass traits, mortality rate and economical evaluation were also measured. The results showed that, there was no mortalities in control group and groups fed diets with 5, 10 and 15% dried rumen content, while group fed diet with 20% dried rumen content recorded 8.33% mortality rate. The inclusion levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of dried rumen content to the duck diets did not significantly influence the live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and caloric efficiency ratio at any growth phase. There were no significant differences between control group and other treatments in carcass dressing percentage and relative percentage of internal organs (heart and spleen). While there were significant (P < 0.05) differences in relative percentage of internal organs (liver, gizzard and proventriculus) between control group and other treatments. Also, there were no significant differences in the level of serum total protein, albumin, globulin and uric acid between control group and other treatments. It could be concluded that, using DRC as untraditional feed ingredient in diets of growing ducks up to 20 % will share in decreasing environmental pollution and lowering the feed cost without any adverse effect on the duck performance.
Navigating Brain Lesions Via Craniometric Points of Human Skull. Effectiveness in Targeted Craniotomy

Background and Objectives: Navigating brain pathologies via external landmarks helps in guiding neurosurgeon to perform and plan brain surgeries without feeling compromised in their competence, when modern neuronavigation is not available. We assessed the navigating art of human craniometry in brain surgery, in terms of accuracy and safety, of our patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was in Department of Neurosurgery Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital on utilizing the art of Craniometry in navigating brain lesions and to see how effective this art is in the execution of neurosurgical procedures. Results: Total of hundred patients were subjected in our study, who were according to inclusion criteria. Mean age calculated was 44 years with STD ± 6, with minimum age of 8months and maximum age of 83years. There were 61% male, and 39% female patients. Supratentorial lesions were 72%, ventriculoperitoneal shunts 11%, and 17% were infratentorial.In 89 surgeries, we were exactly on the target according to our external skull landmarks, in 4 cases we slightly deviated about 0.3 cm, and in 7 surgeries we encounter some difficulty in
Exploring the cytotoxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles: A compendious approach

Metal oxide nanoparticles due to their antioxidant properties have attracted significant attention and exhibited good potential for use in cancer theranostics. Owing to the poor absorption in the physiological environment, they are an ideal candidate to act as nanocarriers in targeted drug delivery and bioimaging. This feature can be successfully implemented in live monitoring and imaging applications, which offer the possibilities and scope for optical, magnetic resonance, and nuclear imaging. The environment of malignant cells like the rapid proliferation of cells, specific antigen expressions, and leaky tumor vasculature can be used by the modifications in their morphology and surface functionalization. Ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles have been fascinating in this regard. Different properties such as size, agglomeration behavior, and surface charge density facilitate the interaction of nanoparticles with cancer cells. Compared to other nanoparticles, CeO2 nanoparticles have a potential for pharmaceutical use since they can act as a therapeutic agent in different disorders such as cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration, due to the ability to exhibit variable oxidation state at the nanoparticle surface. Recent literature reports the eco-friendly or ‘green’ synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles in which the biological agent acts as stabilizers for a cost-effective and feasible mode of preparation. In this review, we focus on recent literature on CeO2 nanoparticles with an emphasis on the methods of fabrication and biomedical applications.
Measuring Emotional Responses to Negative Commercials: A Comparison of Two Methods

We compare two alternative measures for assessing people’s emotional reactions to political stimuli: the traditional self-report measure and facial expression analysis. We recruited participants to take part in a study examining reactions to a set of negative political commercials aired during the 2018 elections. We compare people’s self-reporting of their emotional reactions to negative political advertisements with their expressed emotion, according to the facial expression analysis. We find the discriminant validity of the facial expression analysis is higher than the self-report measure. Second, the self-report and facial expression measures of emotion have little convergent validity: we fail to find a consistent and strong positive correlation between the self-report and facial software measures of the same emotion and the same political advertisement. Third, the facial software measure has better predictive validity than the self-report measure, generating better predictions for the three dependent variables examined: changes in political interest, changes in people’s confidence in elected officials, and people’s assessment of the tone of the senate campaign.
Molecular Mechanisms of Copper Homeostasis in Gram-negative Bacteria

Copper is a trace element utilized by organisms as a cofactor involved in redox chemistry [1], electron transport [2, 3], photosynthesis [4, 5], and oxidation reactions [6, 7]. In excess, copper is toxic; it can generate reactive oxygen species [8] causing cellular damage [9-11], or poison other metalloproteins by replacing native metal cofactors [12]. Gram-negative bacteria have developed homeostatic mechanisms to maintain the intracellular copper concentration in the face of changing environmental conditions. For Gram-negative enteric bacteria, like Esherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, copper is encountered in industrial and institutional settings, where the metal is used as a broad-spectrum biocide [13-15]. For environmental bacteria, such as the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH8102, copper stress occurs because human activity changes the concentration of copper in the ocean [16]. This dissertation contains six chapters, relating four stories of our investigations into the molecular mechanisms of copper homeostasis in Gram-negative bacteria. Chapter I contains literature review and background on the implications of bacterial copper homeostasis. Chapter II reports our work investigating the expression of two E. coli proteins, CusF and CusB, upon copper stress; we show that CusF expresses at a ~10-fold molar excess over CusB. Chapter III describes a collaboration between our lab and Jose Arguello’s lab at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and we show that CusF can acquire Cu(I) from CopA. Our results from Chapters II and III show that CusF functions as a major copper chaperone in the periplasm of E. coli. Chapter IV details our work characterizing a novel protein from marine cyanobacteria, Synw_0921. Although Synw_0921 is believed to be
Fruit and seed morphology of the Fumaria L. species (Papaveraceae) of Iran

The macro and micro fruit and seed morphology and surface ornamentations of 21 populations of 6 Fumaria L. species were investigated using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. These data are shown to support data from the general morphology. The results indicate that the fruit and seed characters of the genus Fumaria are valuable for taxonomic applications and are useful for classification. F. officinalis show a different shape in their fruit. The close relationships are observed for F. parviflora and F. vaillantii. F. indica, as a hybrid between F. asepala and F. parviflora, shows intermediate micro-morphological features.
Application of Cloud Computing in Geological Exploration

The wide application of information technology in geological exploration will greatly improve the modernization level of geological exploration. At present, geological survey information work has entered the era of big data. How to break the limitation of independent management of geological exploration database and effectively integrate and share the accumulated massive geological exploration data has become a problem that the geological exploration information workers are eager to solve. The emergence and maturity of cloud computing technology provides a feasible solution to this problem. Firstly, from the perspective of public welfare and social service of geological exploration data, this paper summarizes and analyzes the application requirements of cloud computing in geological exploration work by studying the theoretical basis and relevant examples of cloud computing technology. Use Microsoft azure, SQL azure and other related products of Microsoft cloud computing platform azure to achieve the corresponding needs, research and clarify the relationship between geological exploration data and specific applications in geological cloud computing; use VMware vSphere virtualization platform to share existing and available hardware resources, and at the same time, research and build geoscience cloud storage mode based on virtualization technology to realize the sea Reasonable storage of quantitative geological exploration data; establishment of development environment with SDK provided by azure as the core for the development of application program of geological exploration data cloud computing; realization of data storage in the cloud for the purpose of integrating and sharing the achievement data of national mineral resource potential evaluation, and virtualization application of geoscience software.
Application of Computer Information Technology in the Reform of Law Classroom Teaching Method

In the context of the Internet, various information transmission methods are more convenient. The network is open and can share resources. Therefore, “Internet +” provides a new way of teaching in the field of education. In the process of law education in colleges and universities, teachers should make full use of the Internet to create a variety of teaching methods for students. Efficient use of information technology to promote continuous innovation and change in higher education models, creating a network and digital higher education system, laying the foundation for a harmonious society of learning at any time, anywhere, and everyone, and training innovative talent. The purpose of this article is to explore its application in the reform of law classroom teaching methods through computer information technology. This article establishes a legal resource database, creates a virtual legal classroom, and makes an electronic bulletin board to propose changes to legal education. It is concluded through experiments that under the teaching method of computer technology, students have improved significantly in all aspects of law. Under the traditional teaching method, students have only improved a small part in law study, and even declined in some aspects. Compared with traditional teaching methods, the effect of teaching methods under computer technology is relatively significant. In the former, it improved by 4.09 points on average, but the latter regressed by 4.02 points, and the former communicated a lot more than the latter. In terms of homework assignment, the latter overtimed about three times.
Design of Logistics Information Management System Based on Information Technology

With the advancement of the times, network technology has gradually replaced manual operations; intelligent management has saved time and effort, and can ensure the efficient operation of enterprises. Information agencies We must be proficient in the application of logistics management information technology, which is also an inevitable result of the development of society to a certain historical stage. The arrival of the conference changed the face of the whole society. People have long been inseparable from smartphones and computers, and industries are increasingly dependent on information technology. As an important part of social and economic development, logistics enterprises bear the responsibility of freight transportation. Under such a development background, only by adopting scientific management methods scientifically and continuously making progress can we promote the sustainable development of enterprises. This article uses modern logistics and logistics information methods to explain the role of information technology in logistics information management. Introduce some design requirements of logistics information management system. Analyzing the problems of logistics management informatization and the reasons for the lack of modern logistics management informatization, it is concluded that logistics enterprises must pay more attention to logistics management informatization and apply it widely. Improve the relevant standards and levels of information technology, strengthen the supervision and management of information construction, and high-quality information technology.
Multi-Objective Optimal Allocation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Radial Distribution System Using Teaching Learning Based Optimization

In recent times, the adoption rate of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the transportation sector has been increased significantly across the world towards sustainability. On the other side, the increasing EV load penetration in the electric power sector can cause for the generation-demand imbalance, real power loss increment, weak voltage profile and consequently voltage stability margin decrement. It is essential to integrate EV Charging Stations (CSs) at appropriate locations to mitigate the impact of increasing EV load penetration on radial distribution systems (RDS). In this paper, the teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm is applied to determine the optimal locations of EV-CSs considering multiple objectives, i.e., real power loss, average voltage deviation index and voltage stability index. The simulation studies are performed on standard IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test systems. The results have highlighted the need for optimal allocation of EV-CSs for maintaining the system performance as better as possible even under increased loading conditions due to EV-CSs. Also, TLBO has shown its ability over other heuristic algorithms namely particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant lion Optimizer (ALO), flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) by providing the optimal value consistently in solving the complex non-linear multi-objective optimization problem.
Effect of emphasis spread on coronal stop articulation in Qatari Arabic

Emphasis (contrastive uvularisation) in Arabic spreads from an emphatic consonant to neighboring segments (Davis 1995). The effect of emphasis spread on a consonant is manifested as lowering of its spectral mean (Jongman et al. 2011). Although stop consonants reveal a strong effect of emphasis, it is not known how emphasis spread affects other acoustic properties of stops, e.g. voice onset time (VOT). Previous studies (Kulikov 2018) showed that VOT and emphasis are linked in speech production: plain /t/ in Gulf Arabic is aspirated; emphatic /t/ has short-lag VOT. Phonological theory predicts that plain /t/ should become more emphatic in emphatic context, which might reduce stop VOT as well. The current study investigates the effect of emphasis spread on VOT in word-initial coronal stops in Qatari Arabic. The stimuli, produced by sixteen native speakers of Qatari Arabic, contained target plain and emphatic stops /t/, /t/ followed by short or long low vowel, and plain coronal obstruents /t, s, ð/ or their emphatic counterparts /t, s, ð/. The acoustic analysis included measurements of VOT and spectral mean of burst in the stop, and F1, F2, F3 frequencies at the vowel beginning, middle and end. The results showed that final emphatic obstruent triggered emphasis spread across the syllable. The effect of emphasis on the vowel was stronger next to the emphatic obstruent (p < .01). Spectral mean of burst in plain /t/ was lower in the emphatic context (D = 276 Hz, p = .05). VOT, however, was not affected by emphasis spread. Plain /t/ had long-lag VOT averaging 52 ms; emphatic /t/ had short-lag VOT averaging 17 ms. These values were not different in emphatic context (p = .743). The findings demonstrate that emphasis spread within a syllable affects only spectral characteristics of a coronal stop. Emphaticness of plain /t/ did not affect its VOT and did not result in complete transformation of the stop category