Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Voronoi Treemaps in D 3

Voronoi treemaps are an alternative to traditional rectangular treemaps for visualizing hierarchical data. Like rectangular treemaps, Voronoi treemaps represent hierarchical data by dividing the canvas region into cells for each node at the top of the hierarchy, and then further dividing each of these cells for the children of those nodes. The organic shapes created by the Voronoi treemap can make it easier to distinguish sibling nodes from nodes in other branches of the hierarchy. Voronoi treemaps can also be fit to nonrectangular canvases, and are often more aesthetically pleasing than rectangular treemaps. In this paper we present our implementation of the current state-of-the-art of Voronoi treemap generation in javascript for use with the D3 web programming framework. We evaluate our contribution in terms of computational speed against previous native impementations of Voronoi treemap generation.
A Multi-Hop Attention for RNN based Neural Machine Translation

Among recent progresses of neural machine translation models, the invention of the Transformer model is one of the most important progresses. It is well-known that the key technologies of the Transformer include multi-head attention mechanism. This paper introduces the multi-head attention mechanism into the traditional RNN-based neural machine translation model. Moreover, inspired by the existing multi-hop architectures such as end-to-end memory networks and convolutional sequence to sequence learning model, this paper proposes an RNN based NMT model with a multi-hop attention mechanism. The proposed multi-hop attention model has two heads, where for each head, a context vector is calculated based on the states of the encoder and the decoder. Then, in the second turn of the context vector calculation, those context vectors are updated depending not only on one’s own context vector but also on the context vector of the other head. Experimental re-sults show that the proposed model signiﬁ-cantly outperforms the baseline in BLEU score in Japanese-to-English/English-to-Japanese machine translation tasks with and without extended context.
Predicting the PITCHf / x Pitch Classifier

In Major League Baseball (MLB), the pitcher is often regarded as one of the most influential players on the team; a dominant pitcher has the ability to shutdown an opposing team and control the game. As a result, the ability to predict the next pitch can give a team a considerable competitive advantage; so much so, that controversy has recently developed in the MLB around teams attempting to identify signals exchanged between the opposing pitcher and catcher that relay information regarding the type of the next pitch to be thrown. And while the MLB has officially prohibited attempts to steal signs from opposing teams, their recent decision to allow iPads in the dugout has opened the door for the use of predictive modeling techniques in baseball. The MLB tracks data on every game played, which is stored in an online database known as the PITCHf/x database. The aim of this research is to build a model capable of predicting the pitch type classifier in the PITCHf/x database. A Bayesian hierarchical nominal multinomial regression model was fit to pitch data on Clayton Kershaw scraped from the PITCHf/x database; pitches were clustered based on the catcher calling the pitch. Predicted pitch type probabilities were compared to those from this model’s non-hierarchical counterpart using a conditional Bayes factor. The analyses showed that the hierarchical model provided a better description of the data. The utility of this model is discussed in this article and practical applications of the results are explored. A simulation study on the advantages of hierarchical modeling is also presented.
The RNA helicase Ddx5/p68 binds to hUpf3 and enhances NMD of Ddx17/p72 and Smg5 mRNA

Non-sense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a mechanism of translation-dependent mRNA surveillance in eukaryotes: it degrades mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTCs) and contributes to cellular homeostasis by downregulating a number of physiologically important mRNAs. In the NMD pathway, Upf proteins, a set of conserved factors of which Upf1 is the central regulator, recruit decay enzymes to promote RNA cleavage. In mammals, the degradation of PTC-containing mRNAs is triggered by the exon–junction complex (EJC) through binding of its constituents Upf2 and Upf3 to Upf1. The complex formed eventually induces translational repression and recruitment of decay enzymes. Mechanisms by which physiological mRNAs are targeted by the NMD machinery in the absence of an EJC have been described but still are discussed controversially. Here, we report that the DEAD box proteins Ddx5/p68 and its paralog Ddx17/p72 also bind the Upf complex by physical interaction with Upf3, thereby interfering with the binding of EJC. By activating the NMD machinery, Ddx5 is shown to regulate the expression of its own, Ddx17 and Smg5 mRNAs. For NMD triggering, the adenosine triphosphate-binding activity of Ddx5 and the 3′-untranslated region of substrate mRNAs are essential.
Study on the sunroof buffeting suppression with a notched flat deflector

Buffeting is a wind noise of low frequency but high level, which makes against the comfort and safety ability of the vehicle. A simulation method of sunroof buffeting was presented and validated by the road test. The simulation method was then employed to investigate the sunroof buffeting characteristics of the vehicle with a castled deflector with the vehicle speed ranging from 30kph to 90 kph. The results showed that the highest sunroof buffeting level occurred at 70kph, with a value of 135.9 dB. To suppress the sunroof buffeting, a notched flat deflector was designed to replace the castled deflector. In particular, the influence of the deflector gap on sunroof buffeting was studied. The results revealed that the deflector had a great influence on sunroof buffeting and the optimal parameters, gap and a, were determined. With the new designed notched flat deflector, the sunroof buffeting of the vehicle was reduced to 97.9 dB. In other words, the sunroof buffeting was completely eliminated.
Molecular Characterization of Avipox virus Isolated from Broiler Chicken Flock in Egypt *

An outbreak of avipox virus (APV) infection in 35 days-old broiler chicken flock was recorded in Met-Abo-Ali village, Elsharqyia province, Egypt. The disease spread in about 30% of the flock with no recorded mortalities and characterized by wart like nodules on the unfeathered parts of comb, head, mouth corner and legs shanks as well as presence of small patches of diphtheritic membranes on the buccal cavity and the upper part of the oesophagus of sporadic cases. The causative agent was investigated pathologically and molecularly. The clinical specimens were collected from infected birds and were propagated on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of11-days old embryonated chicken eggs(ECEs),virus growth on CAMs and compact proliferative pock lesions were evident on CAMs after first passage. Marked diffuse granulomatous thickening with greyish white discoloration were observed on CAM. The virus isolation was confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of fpv167 (P4b) gene loci and the presence of the intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the infected CAMs. The studied isolate was characterized as Fowl pox-like viruses based on the amplicon length of fpv140 gene locus and the sequence analysis of fpv167 gene. The virus was named as Elsharqyia_avipox virus_OMI and published in the gene bank with accession number KJ809101. The phylogenetic analysis of fpv167 (P4b) gene clustered Elsharqyia_avipox virus_OMI within subclade A1 with 100% identity with the other APV strains from Egypt. A pathogenicity study was performed which confirmed that the studied strain has a wide host spectrum as it has the ability to infect chicken, turkey and pigeon species and pose a threat to the commercial broiler industry in Egypt. ——————————  ——————————
Phytochemical composition , antioxidant capabilities and Immunomodulatory In vitro indices of fruit extracts Xylopia aethiopica

Modulation of body's integrated response to an antigen through stimulation or suppression has been suggested to be effective in maintaining a disease free state (Bafna and Mishra, 2005). Immunomodulation is a very complex phenomenon implicated in all disease and health states. Immune disorders have been linked to the genesis of many immuno-pathological disorders such as autoimmune pathologies and immunodeficiency diseases. Several synthetic drugs have been used to normal ize or modula te these pathophysiological processes; however, many of these therapeutic options are limited either as a result of rapid development of resistance, their cost or their reported adverse effects such as depression, fatigue, sleepiness, loss of appetite, neutrophilia, lymphopenias, and increase antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms (Srisilam, 2000; Wichers and Maes, 2004). Considering these limitations with the synthetic therapy, it could prove Phytochemical composition, antioxidant capabilities and Immunomodulatory In vitro indices of fruit extracts Xylopia aethiopica Oso Babatunde Joseph , Oyewo Emmanuel Bukoye *, Oladiji Adenike Temidayo 1 2 1
GENETIC VARIABILITY ASSESSMENT IN BREAD WHEAT ( TRITICUM AESTIVUM L . ) CULTIVARS UNDER DROUGHT STRESS USING MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION Genetic diversity of plants determines their potential for improved efficiency and hence their use for breeding, which eventually may result in enhanced food production. Plant uniformity, which can be resulted by the use of modern plant breeding techniques, can produce plants, which are more efficient by means of different goals including enhanced resistance under stress, however much more research must be performed to indicate the most optimized methods that can be used for the production of efficient plants. This is of significance for the production of food for the world increasing population (Fu and Somers, 2009). Estimation of genetic distance is one of appropriate tools for parental selection in wheat hybridization programs. Appropriate selection of the parents is essential to be used in crossing nurseries to enhance the genetic recombination for potential yield increase and genetic variability. The higher genetic distance between parents, the higher heterosis in progeny can be observed. One of the important approaches to wheat breeding is hybridization and subsequent selection. Parents’ choice is the first step in plant breeding program through hybridization. Some appropriate methods, such as cluster analysis and PCA for genetic diversity identification, parental selection, tracing the pathway to evolution of crops, centre of origin and diversity, and study interaction between the environment are currently available. The results of cluster analysis and PCA may have relative differences with each other. Therefore, before using cluster analysis, the principle components may be avoided. The main objective of this study is to capture the potential genetic diversity between wheat genotypes grown in Iran by using cluster analysis and cluster analysis-PCA-based methods.
EQUIVALENT MODELS IN ASSOCIATION RULES ANALYSIS

A powerful methodology for exploring relationships among items, association rules analysis can be used to capture a set of rules from any given dataset. Little is known, however, that a single dataset can be represented by more than one set of rules, i.e., by equivalent models. In fact, most studies on the goodness of model can be misleading because they assume the model is unique. These are phenomenon that the literature has yet to explore. In our study, we demonstrate that equivalent models exist for any dataset and propose a method for converting any given model into its dominant model, recommended as the benchmark model. Further, we explain how the phenomenon of equivalent models affects decision tree analysis and statistical model selection. It is shown that the decision rules from decision tree analysis can always be simplified by reducing the decision rules to the dominant model. The simulated and real datasets are used for illustration.
C Met immunoreactivity in operated stage I non small cell lung cancer patients Is it a prognostic marker

Summary Aim: In this study we evaluated the correlation between c-Met immunoreactivity and survival, thus the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on prognosis, in operated early-stage non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients who underwent resection for stage IA or IB NSCLC were examined retrospectively. Pathological preparations were evaluated to investigate c-Met immunoreactivity. Those with normal bronchial epithelium in the sections were used as positive control group and the sections of those who had not been stained by primary antibody were regarded as the negative control group. C-Met immunoreactivities were determined according to scores of staining. Results: There were no significant differences between c-Met immunoreactivity and clinicopathological factors. The analysis after exclusion of large cell carcinoma cases showed that c-Met immunoreactivity was higher in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas and the difference was statistically significant. Survival analysis to estimate the prognostic significance of c-Met immunoreactivity showed no significant differences for both disease-free (p=0.499) and long-term survival (p=0.261). The difference between c-Met immunoreactivity and survival for the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma groups was not significant. Conclusion: It seems that HGF expression and serum HGF levels appeared to be stronger prognostic markers than c-Met immunoreactivity for NSCLC, therefore detailed studies were needed regarding these prognostic factors
International Trade and Finance Association International Trade and Finance Association Working Papers 2007

This paper presents an empirical assessment of bilateral migration flows into the EU-15 countries. Using an extended gravity model, it identifies economic, welfare state, geo-spatial and linguistic variables as the principal determinants of migration flows into the EU-15 countries. The empirical analysis uncovers that welfare state provisions in the host country attract disproportionately more migrants from the Central and Eastern European countries and in particular from the developing countries than they do from other EU-15 countries. Immigrants from the developing world are attracted by old age benefits, family and children benefits, and social exclusion benefits and immigrants from Central and Eastern Europe are attracted by sickness and healthcare benefits and family and children benefits. In contrast, intra-EU-15 migration is also influenced by welfare state aspects but to a much lower degree. Our empirical findings lend some support for a more unified or at least better coordinated social policy across the
Platelet-activated Clottilzg Time Does Not Measure Platelet Reactivity durivtg Cardiac Surgery

Background: Platelet dysfunction is a major contributor to bleeding after' cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), yet it remains difficult to diagnose. A point-of-care monitor, the platelet-activated clotting time (PACT), measures accelerated shortening of the kaolin-activated clotting time by addition of platelet activating factor. The authors sought to evaluate the clinical utility of the PACT by conducting serial measurements of PACT during cardiac surgery and correlating postoperative measurements with blood loss. Methods: In 50 cardiac surgical patients, blood was sampled at 10 time points to measure PACT. Simultaneously, platelet reactivity was measured by the thrombin receptor agonist peptide-induced expression of P-selectin, using flow cytometry. These tests were temporally analyzed. PACT values, P-selectin expression, and other coagulation tests were analyzed for correlation with postoperative chest tube drainage. Results: PACT and P-selectin expression were maximally reduced after protamine administration. Changes in PACT did not correlate with changes in P-selectin expression at any time interval. Total 8-h chest tube drainage did not correlate with any coagulation test at any time point except with Pselectin expression after protamine administration (r = -0.4; P = 0.03).
Oden Institute REPORT 1906 March 2019 Equivalent extensions of Hamilton-Jacobi Equations on Hypersurfaces

We present a new formulation for the computation of solutions of a class of Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) equations on closed smooth surfaces of co-dimension one. For the class of equations considered in this paper, the viscosity solution of the HJB equation is equivalent to the value function of a corresponding optimal control problem. In this work, we extend the optimal control problem given on the surface to an equivalent one defined in a sufficiently thin narrow band of the co-dimensional one surface. The extension is done appropriately so that the corresponding HJB equation, in the narrow band, has a unique viscosity solution which is identical to the constant normal extension of the value function of the original optimal control problem. With this framework, one can easily use existing (high order) numerical methods developed on Cartesian grids to solve HJB equations on surfaces, with a computational cost that scales with the dimension of the surfaces. This framework also provides a systematic way for solving HJB equations on the unstructured point clouds that are sampled from the surface.
IDEA AND PERSPECT IVE Ecological interactions drive evolutionary loss of traits

Loss of traits can dramatically alter the fate of species. Evidence is rapidly accumulating that the prevalence of trait loss is grossly underestimated. New findings demonstrate that traits can be lost without affecting the external phenotype, provided the lost function is compensated for by species interactions. This is important because trait loss can tighten the ecological relationship between partners, affecting the maintenance of species interactions. Here, we develop a new perspective on so-called ˋcompensated trait loss' and how this type of trait loss may affect the evolutionary dynamics between interacting organisms. We argue that: (1) the frequency of compensated trait loss is currently underestimated because it can go unnoticed as long as ecological interactions are maintained; (2) by analysing known cases of trait loss, specific factors promoting compensated trait loss can be identified and (3) genomic sequencing is a key way forwards in detecting compensated trait loss. We present a comprehensive literature survey showing that compensated trait loss is taxonomically widespread, can involve essential traits, and often occurs as replicated evolutionary events. Despite its hidden nature, compensated trait loss is important in directing evolutionary dynamics of ecological relationships and has the potential to change facultative ecological interactions into obligatory ones.
Comparing Priors in Bayesian Logistic Regression for Sensorial Classification of Rice

The present study use Proc MCMC to estimate rice stickiness (sticky or loose) in binomial logistic regression. Rice quality can be primarily assessed by evaluating its texture after cooking. The classical sensory evaluation is expensive and a time-consuming method since it requires training, capability and availability of people. Therefore, the present study investigated Bayesian binomial logistic models to replace sensory evaluation of stickiness by analyzing the relationship between sensory and principal components of viscosity measurements of rice. Proc MCMC was used to produce models based on different priors, as (1) noninformative prior; (2) default prior (Gelman et al., 2008); (3) prior based on odds ratio (Sullivan and Greenland, 2012) and (4) power priors (Ibrahim and Chen, 2000). SAS MCMC showed to be easy to implement and to compare results.
Interpretable and Specialized Conformal Predictors Ulf

In real-world scenarios, interpretable models are often required to explain predictions, and to allow for inspection and analysis of the model. The overall purpose of oracle coaching is to produce highly accurate, but interpretable, models optimized for a specific test set. Oracle coaching is applicable to the very common scenario where explanations and insights are needed for a specific batch of predictions, and the input vectors for this test set are available when building the predictive model. In this paper, oracle coaching is used for generating underlying classifiers for conformal prediction. The resulting conformal classifiers output valid label sets, i.e., the error rate on the test data is bounded by a preset significance level, as long as the labeled data used for calibration is exchangeable with the test set. Since validity is guaranteed for all conformal predictors, the key performance metric is efficiency, i.e., the size of the label sets, where smaller sets are more informative. The main contribution of this paper is the design of setups making sure that when oracle-coached decision trees, that per definition utilize knowledge about test data, are used as underlying models for conformal classifiers, the exchangeability between calibration and test data is maintained. Consequently, the resulting conformal classifiers retain the validity guarantees. In the experimentation, using a large number of publicly available data sets, the validity of the suggested setups is empirically demonstrated. Furthermore, the results show that the more accurate underlying models produced by oracle coaching also improved the efficiency of the corresponding conformal classifiers.
Bargaining , and Networks with Heterogeneous Agents

The paper proposes an intertemporal model of bargaining among heterogeneous buyers and sellers placed on a bipartite network. First, it characterizes conditions on the network under which its trading restrictions are inessential and the outcome is arbitragefree. Instead, when the system is segmented in different trading components, we show how these come about and how prices are determined in each of them. Second, we turn to the issue of network endogeneity, focusing on those networks that are pairwise stable. Such networks are shown to always exist and be arbitrage-free. In the latter respect, therefore, they satisfy one of the key properties displayed by frictionless markets. We identify, however, a sharp contrast regarding another key feature: Pairwise-Stable networks are generically inefficient if the matching process is genuinely decentralized. This uncovers a fundamental incompatibility between individual incentives and social welfare in endogenous trading networks. We explain that such incompatibility is not only due to buyer/seller heterogeneity but is also caused by the incentives underlying network formation in a trading context.