Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The complexity of the antecedents influencing accountability in organisations

Purpose Business, society and academic literature all show an increase in the demand for greater accountability. Although accountability is deemed to be central to performance in the workplace, it is an ever-expanding, complex and elusive phenomenon. There is very little empirical research in human resource literature on accountability’s wide-ranging antecedents and how they are best implemented. This paper aims to set out to identify which factors have the greatest influence when holding an individual to account. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative, exploratory research methods were adopted. Twenty semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with CEO’s, executives, human resource experts, senior managers and consultants in eight industries in South Africa. The data were analysed by thematic content analysis. Findings The findings identified five dominant antecedents that are required to effectively hold an individual to account for their performance. These are the culture and leadership of the organisation, the systems in the organisation, the values and recruitment means of the individual and the clarity of role. For each of these factors, the key management mechanisms were identified. Research limitations/implications The study was done in one country (South Africa) and only with senior executives. Practical/implications A “System of Accountability” model was developed depicting the interdependence of the factors and conceptualising a process that can be followed for human resource professionals and senior management to develop a culture of accountability. Originality/value There is a dearth of literature and empirical research on how to implement a combination of systems to ensure accountability in the workplace. This research offers some solutions to that gap in the literature.
The Growth and Energetics of Perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in Intensive Culture

In commercial aquaculture, knowledge about and means for predicting growth rates, feed intake and energy requirements of the farmed animal in different conditions is essential for the viability of the enterprise. As Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) is relatively new in culture, no growth models or suitable models for evaluation of the daily feed allowance of this species was available. There was also a large gap in information regarding management practices and optimal culture environment for juvenile and adult perch. Therefore the focus of this thesis was to evaluate the growth potential and energy requirements of perch of different body size and at varying temperature conditions, and to assess the effect of different rearing conditions on growth and energy expenditures of perch. Growth, feed intake and energy requirements of perch reared under different conditions (temperature, size of fish, tank colour, light intensity and disturbance) were studied in experimental tanks. Growth (the Thermal Unit Growth Coefficient, TGC) of perch was found to be affected both by body size of the fish and by temperature. However, in limited temperature intervals, TGC was quite stable. Furthermore, the digestible energy need (DEN) of perch was found to be affected by body size of the fish, but not by temperature. A growth model and an energy requirement model were developed and then combined to create a model for estimation of the theoretical daily energy requirement of perch in intensive culture. The developed models produced realistic results if compared to reference and validation data. The sensitivity of perch to disturbance was found to be high. The effects of stress on growth and energy expenditures were dramatic, and care should be taken to reduce stress of perch in culture in order to improve welfare of the fish, growth rates and thus farm economics. No specific tank colour seemed to be preferred by the fish, which was attributed to the ability of perch to adjust its body colour according to the surroundings. However, tank colour in combination with light intensity affected growth and feed intake of the fish. Selection of a suitable colour for rearing tanks should therefore be performed in accordance with ambient lighting conditions in the rearing facility.
Firm-Specific Human Capital as a Shared Investment: Comment

Employment relationships typically involve the division of surplus. Surplus can be the result of a good match, a monopoly rent, or a quasirent that arises because of a specific investment. The division of this surplus is of economic interest as it is a determinant of turnover, investment, and wages. Gary S. Becker (1962) argued, in the context of specific human-capital investments, that the incumbent employee and firm will share the surplus. This notion was formalized in a prototypical model of surplus sharing as first proposed by Masanori Hashimoto (1981). The model has been studied extensively, among others by H. Lorne Carmichael (1983), Robert E. Hall and Edward P. Lazear (1984), and Donald O. Parsons (1986), while Elizabeth Becker and Cotton M. Lindsay (1994) provide an empirical application. The key feature of the model is the existence of transaction costs. Both the employee and the firm have (ex ante uncertain) private information on which they cannot write a contingent contract. This makes that they write a nonrenegotiable contract that specifies a fixed wage. After this, the firm learns the value of the employee’s marginal product whereas the employee learns the value of his outside option. Both parties then decide unilaterally whether to separate or not and inefficient separations may occur. The wage is set in such a way as to maximize the expected total surplus. The present analysis will consider the role of uncertainty in this model. This has not been done before in a rigorous way. Hashimoto considered only degenerate cases. His analysis suggests that the wage will be low when the uncertainty of the market conditions is small, and high when the uncertainty of the conditions inside the firm is small. Parsons (1986) makes a claim that this is actually the case without deriving the result. This paper shows that the comparative statics are ambiguous and may well be the opposite of those suggested by Hashimoto and claimed by Parsons. It also provides the intuition that is behind this result, namely that uncertainty not only influences turnover but also the option value of the match and its opportunity cost. Section I, briefly summarizes Hashimoto’s model and shows that without further assumptions the comparative statics are ambiguous. Section II derives an explicit solution of the wage. Section III briefly considers alternative wage-setting schemes and Section IV concludes.
Structural and functional changes in the central nervous system in the course of anorexia nervosa

Abstract New achievements within structural and functional imaging of central nervous system offer a basis for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying many mental disorders. In everyday clinical practice, we encounter many difficulties in the therapy of eating disorders. They are caused by a complex psychopathological picture, varied grounds of the problems experienced by patients, often poor motivation for active participation in the treatment process, difficulties in communication between patients and therapeutic staff, and various biological conditions of eating disorders. In this paper, the latest reports on new concepts and methods of diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa have been analyzed. The selection of the analyzed publications was based on the criteria taking into account the time of publication, the size of research cohorts, as well as the experience of research teams in the field of nutritional disorders, confirmed by the number of works and their citations. The work aims to spread current information on anorexia nervosa neurobiology that would allow for determining the brain regions involved in the regulation of food intake, and consequently that may be a potential place where neurobiochemical processes responsible for eating disorders occur. In addition, using modern methods of structural imaging, the authors want to show some of the morphometric variations, particularly within white matter, occurring in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa, as well as those evaluated with magnetoencephalography of processes associated with the neuronal processing of information related to food intake. For example as regards anorexia nervosa, it was possible to localize the areas associated with eating disorders and broaden our knowledge about the changes in these areas that cause and accompany the illness. The described in this paper research studies using diffusion MRI fiber tractography showed the presence of changes in the white matter pathways of the brain, especially in the corpus callosum, which indicate a reduced content of myelin. These changes probably reflect malnutrition, and directly represent the effect of lipid deficiency. This leads to a weakening of the structure, and even cell death. In addition, there are more and more reports that show the normal volume of brain cells in patients with long-term remission of anorexia. It was also shown that in patients in remission stage there are functional changes within the amygdala in response to a task not related symptomatologically with anorexia nervosa. The appearing in the scientific literature data stating that in patients with anorexia nervosa there is a reduced density of GFAP + cells of the hippocampus and increased expression of vimentin and nestin, is also worth noting.
Stochastic effects on phase-space holes and clumps in kinetic systems near marginal stability

The creation and subsequent evolution of marginally-unstable modes have been observed in a wide range of fusion devices. This behaviour has been successfully explained, for a single frequency shifting mode, in terms of phase-space structures known as a ‘hole’ and ‘clump’. Here, we introduce stochasticity into a 1D kinetic model, affecting the formation and evolution of resonant modes in the system. We find that noise in the fast particle distribution or electric field leads to a shift in the asymptotic behaviour of a chirping resonant mode; this noise heuristically maps onto radial microturbulence via canonical toroidal momentum scattering, affecting hole and clump formation. While the mechanism allowing for the formation of the hole and clump is coherent, the lifetime of a hole and clump is shown to be highly sensitive to initial conditions, affecting the temporal profile of a single bursting event in mode amplitude.
MHD Flow due to the Nonlinear Stretching of a Porous Sheet

The MHD flow due to the nonlinear stretching of a porous sheet is investigated. A closed form solution is obtained when the stretching rate is inversely proportional to the distance from the origin. Otherwise a uniformly valid asymptotic expansion, for large magnetic interaction number , is developed. It coincides with a homotopy perturbation expansion for the problem. The asymptotic/homotopy perturbation expansion gives results in excellent agreement with accurate numerical results, for large as well as small values of . For large , the expansion, being asymptotic, needs a small number of terms, regardless of the mass transfer rate or the degree of nonlinearity. For small , the expansion is a homotopy perturbation one. It needs considerably increasing number of terms with higher injection rates and/or with stretching rates approaching the inverse proportionality. It may even fail.
Supervision d’une centrale multisources à base d’éoliennes et de stockage d’énergie connectée au réseau électrique

Le concept de systemes multisources (incluant du stockage de l'energie) avec une gestion integree et optimisee de l'energie est aussi connu sous le nom de centrale virtuelle. Ce type de centrale est constituee de differentes categories de generateurs (par exemple : eolien, photovoltaique, micro turbine hydraulique, micro turbine a gaz, pile a combustible,.) pouvant etre associes a differents systemes de stockage (par exemple : batterie, volant d'inertie, stockage electromagnetique ou SMES, supercondensateur, pompage hydraulique, compression d'air,.). Du point de vue des gestionnaires des reseaux de transport et de distribution, une centrale virtuelle doit pouvoir se comporter comme une centrale classique. Elle doit donc participer pleinement aux services systeme et le gestionnaire de la centrale doit pouvoir s'engager 24h a l'avance sur la quantite d'energie electrique qu'il pourra produire. Des systemes multisources associes a du stockage existent deja dans des sites isoles (regions peu peuplees, iles,.). Des etudes et des experiences ont ete realisees sur des reseaux isoles associant des generateurs diesels et eoliens avec du stockage inertiel ou par batteries. L'objectif de ces etudes est l'augmentation du taux de penetration de l'eolien en vue de diminuer la consommation de fuel. Les principaux problemes poses par ces systemes sont le choix et le dimensionnement du systeme de stockage, ainsi que la determination des strategies de supervision afin d'optimiser la consommation energetique tout en assurant la stabilite du reseau.
On the kinematics of a runaway Be star population

We explore the hypothesis that B type emission-line stars (Be stars) have their origin in mass-transfer binaries by measuring the fraction of runaway Be stars. We assemble the largest-to-date catalogue of 632 Be stars with 6D kinematics, exploiting the precise astrometry of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) from the first Gaia Data Release. Using binary stellar evolution simulations, we make predictions for the runaway and equatorial rotation velocities of a runaway Be star population. Accounting for observational biases, we calculate that if all classical Be stars originated through mass transfer in binaries, then $17.5\%$ of the Be stars in our catalogue should be runaways. The remaining $82.5\%$ should be in binaries with subdwarfs, white dwarfs or neutron stars, because those systems either remained bound post-supernova or avoided the supernova entirely. Using a Bayesian methodology, we compare the hypothesis that each Be star in our catalogue is a runaway to the null hypothesis that it is a member of the Milky Way disc. We find that $13.1^{+2.6}_{-2.4}\%$ of the Be stars in our catalogue are runaways, and identify a subset of 40 high-probability runaways. We argue that deficiencies in our understanding of binary stellar evolution, as well as the degeneracy between velocity dispersion and number of runaway stars, can explain the slightly lower runaway fraction. We thus conclude that all Be stars could be explained by an origin in mass-transfer binaries. This conclusion is testable with the second Gaia data release (DR2).
Genetic structure of different cat populations in Europe and South America at a microgeographic level: importance of the choice of an adequate sampling level in the accuracy of population genetics interpretations

The phenotypic markers, coat color, pattern and hair length, of natural domestic cat populations observed in four cities (Barcelona, Catalonia; Palma Majorca, Balearic Islands; Rimini, Italy and Buenos Aires, Argentina) were studied at a microgeographical level. Various population genetics techniques revealed that the degree of genetic differentiation between populations of Felis catus within these cities is relatively low, when compared with that found between populations of other mammals. Two different levels of sampling were used. One was that of "natural" colonies of cat families living together in specific points within the cities, and the other referred to "artificial" subpopulations, or groups of colonies, inhabiting the same district within a city. For the two sampling levels, some of the results were identical: 1) little genic heterogeneity, 2) existence of panmixia, 3) similar levels of expected heterozygosity in all populations analyzed, 4) no spatial autocorrelation, with certain differentiation in the Buenos Aires population compared to the others, and 5) very high correlations between colonies and subpopulations with the first factors from a Q factor analysis. Nevertheless, other population genetic statistics were greatly affected by the differential choice of sampling level. This was the case for: 1) the amount of heterogeneity of the FST and GST statistics between the cities, which was greater at the subpopulation level than at colony level, 2) the existence of correlations between genic differentiation statistics and size variables at subpopulation level, but not at the colony level, and 3) the relationships between the genetic variables and the principal factors of the R factorial analysis. This suggests that care should be taken in the choice of the sampling unit, for inferences on population genetics to be valid at the microgeographical level.
Measuring SEDs for individual galaxy components

Abstract Our project, ‘MegaMorph’, is developing a next-generation tool for decomposing galaxies, in terms of both their structures and stellar populations. By combining data from UV to NIR wavelengths, accounting for morphological peculiarities using non-parametric components, and utilising efficient likelihood sampling methods, we are working to significantly improve the robustness and accuracy of galaxy decomposition. Applying these new techniques to modern large surveys will provide us with a deeper understanding of galaxies.
Effect of Pure Culture Fermentation on Biochemical Composition of Moringa oleifera Lam Leaves Powders

This study was carried out to determine the effect of the age of the leaves and fermentation on in vitro protein digestibility and biochemical properties of leaves powder of Moringa oleifera. A 6 × 2 × 2 factorial design with two ages of the leaves (one and seven-month-old leaves), six times of fermentation and two fermentation temperatures was used for this purpose. One and seven-month-old fresh leaves were dried at 45 ℃ for 24 h, crushed to 1000 μm then fermented at 30℃ and 37℃ for 120 hours with Lactobacillus plantarum A6 at 108 CFU/g. Samples were withdrawn every 24 hours for physico-chemical analyses. Results showed that 7 month-old leaves were richer in iron, proteins, polyphenols and phytates than one month old leaves. The phytates content dropped from 66.92% and 61.95% in the seven and one month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 37℃, and from 54.15% and 67.95% in the seven and one month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 30℃. Protein content increased by 26.34% and 24.48% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 37℃, and by 13.06% and 13.97% for the 1and 7month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 30℃. Iron availability increased from 35.97% to 40.57% and 20.74% to 30.98% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 37℃ and from 35.97% to 39.79% and 20.76% to 23.72% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 30℃. There was a negative correlation between pH, total and reducing sugar contents, time as well as fermentation temperature, whereas there was a positive correlation between total protein content and pepsic digestibility of protein and fermentation time. From these results, fermentation of M. oleifera leaf powder by Lactobacillus plantarum A6 increases protein content, pepsic digestibility of protein and availability of iron and reduces the phytates content of these powders.
The Role of Small Firms in China's Technology Development

Science & Technology (S&T) is high on the Chinese policy agenda but there are large uncertainties on the actual S&T development. For instance, previous studies tend to focus only on large and medium-sized enterprises (LMEs). The situation in Chinese small firms is far less explored. This paper aims to examine the role of S&T-based small firms. More precisely, we examine how much S&T that has been accounted for by small firms and how their S&T intensity differs across industries and ownership groups. We also analyze how various firm characteristics differ over size categories and S&T status. This study is based on newly processed micro level data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics with information on a large number of S&T indicators for small-, medium-, and large-sized manufacturing firms in China in 2000 and 2004. Our results suggest that small firms in Chinese S&T resemble their role in many other countries. They account for a comparably small share of total S&T and most small firms are not engaged in any S&T. However, those small firms that do engage in S&T tend to be more S&T intensive and have a higher output in terms of patents than larger Chinese S&T firms.
Understanding Transformational Leadership – Employee Performance Links: The Role of Trust and Commitment

This study analyzes the influences of transformational leadership on employee performance through the mediating role of trust and commitment. Although these indirect interrelations are very important for enhancing employee performance, prior research has not usually explored them. The study confirms these influences empirically, basing the analysis on a sample of 25 Vietnamese firms with 326 employees. The results reveal that (1) transformational leadership influences employee performance positively through employee trust and organizational commitment; (2) employee trust influences employee performance, both directly and indirectly through organizational commitment; (3) organizational commitment influences employee trust positively. Keywords: Transformational leadership, employee trust, organizational commitment, employee performance
Increasing Voltage Gain by New Structure of Inductive Switching DC-DC Converter

ABSTRACT: In a photovoltaic system, sun light energy is converted to electricity. The generated electricity has a low DC voltage. In order to increase voltage generated by photovoltaic cells (PV), an additive DC-DC converter is required to raise the low voltage to a good level which provides the conditions for connection to DC-DC converters. Low wastes, low costs, and high efficiency are some other specifications of such converters. This paper presents a new structure for an additive DC-DC converter with inductive and capacitor switching for increasing high voltage gain to be used in PV system. It is based on the inductive and non-insulated switching which increases voltage in a duty cycle up to 10 times of input voltage. In addition, using a switch, low elements, and also low voltage stress on the switch is the advantage of this new setup. The easy increasing of levels to reach the higher voltages is another benefit of this structure. The paper continues with the analysis of circuit function and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) adjustments. PSCAD/EMTDC software is used for confirming the authenticity of the performance of the suggested model. The results are presented. Review History: