Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Realistic ice sputtering experiments for the surfaces of Galilean moons

We use an existing laboratory facility for space hardware calibration in vacuum to study the impact of energetic ions on water ice. The experiment is intended to simulate the conditions on the surface of Jupiter’s icy moons. The first results of hydrogen, oxygen, and sulphur ions sputtering a sample of porous salty ice confirmed extrapolations from previous sputtering experiments obtained at different impact angles for nonporous water ice [3]. Here, we present additional measurements for a larger range of ion impact angles and different ice samples.
COVID-19 Cases and Case Fatality Rate by age

The report provides a comparison of cases and fatalities of COVID-19 by age and by provinces and regions in some of the most affected countries. The main objective of the comparison is to evaluate possible effects of the demographic characteristics of population on the epidemic outcomes. The analysis is preliminary since it is based on constantly evolving data while the COVID-19 pandemic is still unfolding. Age distributions are presented by large age classes and using estimated values for harmonised 5-year age groups. In addition to Case Fatality Rates, we calculate three main indicators: Synthetic CFR, Relative Illness Ratio and Relative Mortality Ratio. Finally, we examine the relation between the geographical patterns of cases and fatalities and the demographic profiles of the population. The distribution of both cases and fatalities across ages shows several anomalies. However our findings seem to exclude the fact that an older population alone may justify the high number of fatalities recorded in particular in the case of Italy.
Adaptive Control for Robot Based On Backstepping Technique and Sliding Mode Control

: This paper presents a method to design adaptive controller for robot based on Lyapunov control function using Backstepping techniques combined sliding mode control and neural network. This study used the neural network to approximate the uncertainty functions, the weight coefficients of the neural network are trained online. The simulation results of the controller on the 2 degrees of freedom robotis is the sustainable control systems with sticking to the trajectory with a zero attachment error, that showed the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the applicability of the adaptive controller using Backstepping techniques and sliding mode control.
Simulation Based Key Performance Indicator Determination in Guided Wave Monitored Metallic Patched Repairs

Monitoring of structures based on structural health monitoring (SHM) provides a variety of significant challenges. One of them is related to simulation, which is a necessity with respect to determining an optimum transducer configuration for a SHM system. The example to be considered in the end is a metallic patched repair of an aircraft fuselage component considering different damage scenarios for which guided wave simulations have been performed such that an SHM system can be developed. In this context the sensor pattern, actuation pattern and the input signal have been varied for reasons of optimization. The guided waves generated have been used to analyze the signals obtained with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms trying to identify key performance indicators (KPI) with respect to SHM. Further methods considered with respect to AI are principal component analysis (PCA), artificial neural networks (ANN), time reversal methods or the Gaussian mixture model. The results obtained are presented and discussed in light of concluding the significance of simulation in SHM.
Progress of Edge Detection Using Mean Shift Algorithm

Progress of Edge Detection Using Mean Shift Algorithm DaiHyun Jang · SangJoon Park ·KiHong Park · KyungTaek Chung · JaeJeong Hwang Dept. of Computer Information Engineering, Kunsan National University Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Kunsan National University Dept. of Radio Communication Engineering, Kunsan National University E-mail : daijang@sk.com・{lubimia, spacepark, eoe604, hwang}@kunsan.ac. kr
Zero Speed Rotor Position Estimator based on Sliding Mode Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Implementation of an algorithm based on SMC that uses a unique technique for the rotor position estimation of a PMSM for low and zero speeds, by using inherit motor effect called ―Saliency‖. The work proves that the rotor position estimation is possible with the information that is present in the system under SMC due to the saliency effect. Therefore, there is no need to inject any signal into the machine, which causes the increment in the losses of the machine, or to design dynamic observers. The algorithm is implemented in a DSP controller and the tests with the complete hardware platform validate the proposal in open loop and in sensorless operation.
Enhancement of Bioactive Components Content and the Antioxidant Activity of Green Tea after Continuous Anaerobic Incubation

Although several methods have been developed to make gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulate in tea, the active ingredients and health benefits vary widely depending on the manufacturing process of tea products. In this study, the levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in tea leaves given the continuous anaerobic condition were investigated. GABA and other free amino acids such as alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, and asparagine were increased in tea leaves after anaerobic treatment, whereas the contents of organic and fatty acids remained almost constant. Compared with untreated tea, anaerobically incubated tea possesses higher (-)epigallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate contents, and lower IC50 values in the 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibition assays, which may indicate that continuous anaerobic incubation enhances antioxidant activity. These results suggest that the continuous anaerobic treatment during manufacturing process may provide high quality
Sorption of Zinc (II) Ions onto Modified Jute Fibers (MJF): Application of Two-Parameter Equilibrium Isotherms

modified Jute fiber (MJF) was done and the equilibrium isotherms were studied. The raw jute fibers were treated by sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorite in order to remove lignin, coloring substances and other alkali soluble compounds from the surface of the fiber. It was then modified by sulfuric acid to increase the proportion of hydroxyl group in the MJF. The MJF samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The MJF samples were later applied as a potential adsorbent for the removal of Zn (II) ion from aqueous solution. The equilibrium sorption data ware fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The Langmuir isotherm was best fitted with the experimental data and the maximum monolayer sorption of 142.85 mg/g for Zn (II) ion onto MJF adsorbent was found. The favorability of the adsorption process was indicated by separation factor (RL) and sorption intensity (n) constants of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms respectively. The Temkin isotherm indicates that the heat of sorption was positive and the process was exothermic. The mean free energy determined by using Dubinin-Radushkevich was 69 KJ/mol which clearly shows that the system followed chemisorption process.
Gene flow estimates in Utah's cougars imply management beyond Utah

We present results from a study of genetic variation in Utah's cougar population. Estimates were based on data for 50 animals at nine microsatellite loci with five individuals sampled for each of ten management units throughout Utah. Levels of variation were moderate (average genetic diversity across populations was estimated to be 0.4687 for all 50 individuals), and comparable with other large mammals. But this level of variation for the microsatellite loci translated into an inbreeding effective population size of only 571 animals, much lower than the current estimates of census sizes of around 2000‐3000. A lack of differentiation among the sampled populations across Utah (average Nem= 6.2) indicates that gene flow occurs over a large area. Since cougars are capable of movement beyond the Utah state borders (and certainly across management units), a better understanding of migration rates and patterns of dispersal will be achieved by sampling a much larger geographic region incorporating much of the western USA. Successful management and conservation of this species will then require a far more integrated approach, involving agencies across a number of states, as opposed to current management practices involving individual units within states.
Automatic quantification of cell viability in hippocampal organotypic cultures

ii Acknowledgements and/or Dedications.iv Introduction . 1 Rationale . 2 Aims and Objectives . 4 Methods . 6 Data set . 6 REGISTRATION PHASE . 6 Segmentation of the Hippocampus from Background . 6 Comparing Mono-model vs Multi-Model Metrics. 9 Registration: Progression vs Binary Branch and Order . 10 Affine Progression . 12 Affine Binary Bank . 12 Rigid Progression/ Binary Bank . 12 Similarity Progression/Binary Bank . 13 SEGMENTATION PHASE . 13 CALCULATING CELL DEATH . 15 Results/Discussion . 16 REGISTRATION RESULTS . 16 Affine Progression . 17 vi Affine Binary Branch . 19 Rigid Progression . 20 Rigid Binary Branch . 22 Similarity Progression . 24 Similarity Binary Branch . 26 SEGMENTATION PHASE: . 28 Combining Segmentation and Registration . 33 Fluorescence measurements . 34 Conclusion: . 38 Appendices . 40 References: . 40 Bibliography . 41
TREATMENT OF THE EFFLUENT FROM A KRAFT BLEACH PLANT WITH WHITE ROT FUNGI Pleurotus sajor caju AND Pleurotus ostreatus

The final effluents from pulp and paper industry, even after biological treatment, often contain a plethora of unwanted by-products, which confer them colour and toxic characteristics. The aim of this work was to promote degradation of organic matter and remove colour by contacting fungi Pleurotus sajor caju or P. ostreatus with effluents from kraft pulp mill after treatment by an activated sludge process. Absorbance reduction of 57 and 76 % was observed after 14 days of treatment of final effluent with glucose by P. sajor caju, at 400 and 460 nm, respectively. Lower values of absorbance reduction were observed in final effluent with additives and inoculated with the same species (22 to 29%). Treatment with P. ostreatus was more efficient in the effluent with additives, 38.9 to 43.9% of reduction. Higher growth rate of P. sajor caju was observed in the effluent with glucose. Biological treatment resulted in 65-67% reduction of COD after 14 days revealing no differences for each effluent composition and inoculated species. Profiles of composition of organic compounds obtained by GC-MS showed no significant differences between the two effluents treated with P. sajor caju or P. ostreatus, but longer incubation time reflected higher reduction of organic compounds.
Biochemical Mechanisms of Disease Resistance

INTRODUCTION . APPROACHES TO RESISTANCE STUDIES . Genetically Different Plants . Genetically Different Pathogens. Environmenta71y Altered Resistance . Ontogenic Changes in Resistance . Induced Resistance . Induced Susceptibility . HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY OF RESISTANCE . Viruses . Bacteria . Fungi . Nematodes . MODIFICATION OF CELL WALLS FOR DEFENSE . The Cuticle .
A NON-SEPARABLE DIRECTIONAL CHANNEL MODEL AND OBSERVATIONS FOR FUTURE MOBILE AIR INTERFACES

Communication nodes with multiple antennas are likely candidates for 4th generation (4G) wireless systems and beyond, providing increased spectral efficiency as well as improved spectrum reuse. Two important questions regarding the use of multiple antennas in a multi-user scenario are (1) what channel state information (CSI) should be made available to the communication nodes and (2) under what conditions should multiple antennas be used for spatial multiplexing and/or beamforming for simultaneous transmission. This paper addresses these two questions by analyzing a simple yet realistic channel model.
Symbolic and Computational Reasoning About Cryptographic Modes of Operation

—In this paper we develop symbolic and computational representations for a class of cryptographic modes of operation, where the symbolic representations are modeled as elements of a term algebra, and we apply them to the analysis of the computational security of the modes. We derive two different conditions on the symbolic representations, a simple one that is sufﬁcient for security, and a more complex one that is both necessary and sufﬁcient, and prove that these properties hold. The problem of deciding computational security then is reduced to the problem of solving certain disuniﬁcation problems. We also discuss how these results can be extended. This paper subsumes the paper
Contrasting Patterns of Geographic Variation Shown by mtDNA and Karyotype Organization in Two Subspecies of Caledia captiva (Orthoptera)

Mitochondrial DNA variation is compared with variation of chromosome structure, in two subspecies of Culedia cuptiva (F.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Acridinae) . One subspecies is widespread, is conservative in chromosome structure, but has considerable geographic variation of mitochondrial DNA. In the other, mitochondrial DNA shows very little differentiation, but each chromosome shows concordant clines in the position of its centromere. We argue that data discussed here suggest the action of natural selection on the physical structure of chromosomes and karyotype organization.
Superposition Attack on OT Protocols

In this note, we study the security of oblivious transfer protocols in the presence of adversarial superposition queries. We deﬁne a security notion for the sender against a corrupted receiver that makes a superposition query. We present an oblivious transfer protocol that is secure against a quantum receiver restricted to a classical query but it is insecure when the receiver makes a quantum query. In addition, we present an OT protocol that resists to the attack presented in this paper. However, we leave presenting a security proof for this protocol as a direction for the future work.
Convoy Operation of Linear Motor Driven Railway Vehicles

A test track of 530 m length for autonomously driven railway vehicles in scale of 1:2.5 was built at the University of Paderborn in 2002. The doubly-fed linear motor utilized for this plant enables convoy building on the track during drive operation as well as transferring power to the vehicle, so the need for pantographs or a third rail for supplying auxiliary power does not arise. In this contribution, the principle of driving several vehicles in a convoy is explained. The autonomous operation requires a complex communication structure and demands safety concepts, which are described here. A method for operating point assignment for convoy driving is presented together with simulation results of convoy building.
Metabolic Characteristics of the Heart-forming Areas of the Early Chick Embryo

OU R knowledge of the sequence of events that culminate in the onset of contracility in the heart of the early chick embryo has been evaluated by Ebert, Tolman, Mun, & Albright (1955). Immunochemical analyses made during the initial phases of cardiogenesis, which precede the appearance of recognizable cardiac primordia, indicate that in the embryo at the head-process stage the distribution of the proteins, cardiac myosin (Ebert, 1953), and cardiac actin (Ebert et ah, 1955), coincides with the heart-forming areas as defined by isolation methods (Rawles, 1943). In earlier stages detectable quantities of cardiac actin are absent, and cardiac myosin is distributed throughout the epiblast in the embryo at the definitive primitive streak stage. Present concepts of the synthesis and distribution of the cardiac contractile proteins are based on the sensitivity of the immunochemical methods. The progress of the research makes it appear likely that the extension of these studies through the application of precise quantitative techniques may lead to an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the loss of myosin from regions of the embryo adjacent to the heart-forming areas; in addition, however, the need to continue to search for patterns of intermediary metabolic differentiation underlying the initial phases of heart development has been emphasized. The provocative observation by Spratt (1950) that critical concentrations of sodium fluoride specifically inhibit the formation of the heart suggested that this inhibitor might be used to determine in part the degree of metabolic differentiation in the chick embryo during the initial phases of cardiogenesis and might provide
THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ON STOMATAL DENSITY IN THE TOMATO

SUMMARY Stomatal densities (stomatal number per unit leaf area) were determined on tomato plants grown at ‘high’ (100 W m−2) and ‘low’ (20 W m−2) light in a growth cabinet. The upper epidermis of a fully expanded leaf in low light had fewer than one stoma mm−2, whilst that in high light had thirty stomata mm−2. On the lower epidermis there were about eighty and 100 stomata mm−2 in low and high light respectively. Similar differences were observed on plants growing in natural light. Stomatal initiation is most active early in the development of the leaf and effects of light on initiation were greatest at this stage, being observable within 3 days of a change in light level. Since light influenced the rate and duration of all stages of leaf expansion, the final stomatal densities achieved under natural conditions varied with the light history of the leaf. Stomatal density reached a peak before the leaf had expanded to 10% of its final area. Stomatal initiation and stomatal density both decreased from then until leaf expansion ceased. Fully-expanded leaves of plants grown continuously in the same environment had similar stomatal densities irrespective of their position on the plant. A quantitative relationship is described between stomatal density and leaf area during the growth of a leaf.
A point mutation in the AF-2 domain of thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 expressed after CRE mediated recombination partially recapitulates hypothyroidism

Thyroid hormones act directly on transcription by binding to TR1, TRb1, TRb2 nuclear receptors, regulating many aspects of post-natal development and homeostasis. To precisely analyze the implication of the widely expressed TR1 isoform in this pleiotropic action, we have generated transgenic mice with a point mutation in the TR1 coding sequence, which is expressed only after CRE/loxP mediated DNA recombination. The amino-acid change prevents interaction between TR1 and histone acetyltransferase coactivators and the release of corepressors. Early expression of this dominant-negative receptor deeply affects post-natal development and adult homeostasis, recapitulating many aspects of congenital and adult hypothyroidism, except in tissues and cells where TRb1 and TRb2 are predominantly expressed. Both respective abundance and intrinsic properties of TRa1 and TRb1/2 seems to govern specificity of action.
SPICE ELECTRICAL MODEL OF COOLMOS TRANSISTOR CONSIDERING QUASI-SATURATION EFFECT

This paper deals with the macromodelling of the CoolMOS power transistor. A novel power CoolMOS transistor macromodel giving accurate results is setting up. It is based on the subdivision of the CoolMOS power transistor into an intrinsic MOSFET, a JFET, a Zener diode and a voltage-controlled voltage source. All these components are incorporated within a sub-circuit in order to describe the power CoolMOS transistor effects like saturation and quasi-saturation. These effects as well as the parameters extraction procedure will be explained clearly in this paper while introducing the new sub-circuit model. The effectiveness of the proposed model has been verified by comparing the proposed model simulation results under PSpice with the results of datasheets given by manufacturers and with the models presented by Infineon Technologies. Our model provides an accurate description in all operation regions for DC characteristics. It gives less than 5.5% as an average error percentage for the output characteristics.
Arthropod Phylogeny with Special Reference to Insects

Elucidates the major evolutionary pathways of the Phylum Arthropoda, based on the phylogenetic method of Hennig. Groupings are assembled such that each group is based on the sharing of character states that can be considered as derived from a ground plan, further modified in each subgroup. Emphasis is on discovering the derived character states that most probably had a common origin in an ancestral state.
Expansins: expanding importance in plant growth and development

Expansins were originally identified as cell wall-loosening proteins. The existence and various roles of expansins have been discovered in many plants. Expansins are encoded by a superfamily of genes comprised of subfamilies that evolved from a common ancestor and encode the α-expansins (EXPAs), the β-expansins (EXPBs), the expansin-like A (EXLA), and expansin-like B (EXLB) proteins. Several expansin-like genes have also been identified in non-plant organisms (e.g. a slime mold, fungi, nematodes, and a mollusk). Localization of EXPA and EXPB in the cell wall was confirmed by immunogold electron microscopy. Studies using transgenic plants provided evidence for a broad range of biological roles of expansins in diverse aspects of plant growth and development, such as cell wall extension, fruit softening, abscission, floral organ development, symbiosis, and the response to environmental stresses.
Seasonal changes in the body surface temperature of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers

The present study aimed to gather basic information on measuring body surface temperature (BST) of cattle by using infrared thermography (IRT) and find out whether BST measurement is a useful method to detect thermal balance of livestock. Twenty-seven Hanwoo steers were examined in a field trial. The BST of five body regions (eye, nose, horn, ear, rear) was measured five times daily, with three replicates, during 3 days each season. Body surface temperature of cattle is directly affected by ambient temperature and humidity, and showed different ranges for each region. The BSTs of nose, horns and ears were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of eyes and rear area. Rear-area BST was significantly lower than eye-area BST when the ambient temperature was low (P < 0.05). Eye BST (EBST) was highest (P < 0.05) and the least variable of all BSTs measured. Therefore, the eye area of cattle was the most thermostable part of the body. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences among seasonal EBSTs of steers. The EBST range was highest in the summer (37.9–42.2°C), followed by autumn (34.3–37.4°C), spring (33.8–36.5°C) and winter (29.8–32.6°C). During extreme cold, EBST showed a large standard deviation. During conditions of extreme heat, EBST was above the average body temperature of cattle. The results of the present study indicated that BST well reflects the thermal circumstances surrounding animals and may be used as one of the effective tools for precision cattle farming.