Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applying the teaching personal and social responsibility model (TPSR) in Spanish schools context: lesson learned

This article describes the different applications of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility model (TPSR) (Hellison, 1995) to the Spanish school context, and the main lessons learned from the research carried out. We have arranged our studies into three sections. In the first phase, the research focused on applying the TPSR model to adolescents at risk of social exclusion during physical education classes. From the results of these initial investigations, we concluded the advantages of implementing the model, not only with at risk adolescents, but with the entire class group and starting at younger ages. Hence, in a second phase, the studies focused on implementing the TPSR with the whole class group during the physical education lessons in elementary school. The results obtained led us to hypothesize that the effectiveness of TPSR would be greater if applied in all areas of the primary curriculum. The aim of the third phase (currently underway), was to adapt the TPSR model to other areas of the school curriculum and to assess the fidelity of its implementation by teachers, and their effectiveness in promoting the positive youth development.
Distribution Characteristics of Phosphorus in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin

Phosphorus is an important limiting biogenic material. The special topography and climate of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin generate unique distribution and transport characteristics of total phosphorus (TP). A survey of TP concentration, precipitation, runoff, sediment content, suspended load discharge, and relevant data was carried out for the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the last ten years. In combination with the regional geography and social economies, the basic spatial-temporal characteristics of P-water-sediment were analyzed by using the correlation and time series analysis methods. Furthermore, the transport characteristics of P and the main control factors were also studied. The results show that the TP concentration in this basin displays the characteristics of interannual cyclical variation and annual phasic variation, and the peak value appears in the wet season. Among the Yarlung Zangbo River, Nyangqu River, Lhasa River, and Nyang River, the TP concentration is the highest in the Nyangqu River, exceeding 0.4 mg/L several times in the wet season. In this basin, the distribution patterns of the TP concentration are similar to those of the rainfall, runoff, suspended load discharge, and sediment concentration. The coupling property of the TP concentration is the strongest with the suspended load discharge among the meteorological and hydrological parameters. The spatial variation of dissolved P in the wet and dry seasons in 2016 responded to the distribution patterns of the population density, environmental factors, farming, and animal husbandry. This indicates that the TP in the water is mainly from non-point sources and is affected by agricultural, geographical, and ecological factors. The transport of TP is mainly controlled by the suspended load discharge due to precipitation.
Properties of parameter‐dependent open‐loop MPC for uncertain systems with polytopic description

This paper investigates the parameter‐dependent open‐loop model predictive control (PDOLMPC) scheme for systems with a polytopic uncertainty description. PDOLMPC parameterizes the infinite horizon control moves into a number of free control moves followed by a single state feedback law. The free control moves (excluding the first one) are parameter dependent and constructed upon all of the extreme realizations of the uncertainty before the switching horizon N. Our primary contribution is to point out that this PDOLMPC is a relaxed version of the feedback MPC. Thus, some properties of nominal MPC, such as enhancement of optimality and enlargement of region of attraction by increasing the switching horizon, can be inherited in PDOLMPC. These properties are theoretically important for robust MPC and a simulation example is given for demonstration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Theory-led Design of Instruments and Representations in Learning Analytics: Developing a Novel Tool for Orchestration of Online Collaborative Learning

This paper describes theory-led design as a way of developing novel tools for learning analytics. It focuses upon the domain of real-time automated discourse analysis (ADA) of group learning activities to facilitate instructor orchestration of online groups. The paper outlines the literature on the development of LA especially within the domain of ADA, and proposes that there is reason to conduct more tool development based upon first-principles . It describes first principles as being drawn from theory and subsequently informing the structure and behaviour of tools and presents a framework for this process. The framework is substantiated through the example of developing a new tool for assisting instructors with the orchestration of online groups. A description of the tool is given and examples of results from use with real-world data are presented. The paper concludes that whilst design purely from first principles may be elusive, the call is for more intent to explicitly connect the design process to theory on the basis that this has the potential to yield innovation when developing tools as well as the prospect of a the outcomes from tools connecting back to theory.
A Survey of Image Steganography

This paper presents a general overview of the steganography. Steganography is the art of hiding the very presence of communication by embedding secret messages into innocuous looking cover documents, such as digital images. Detection of steganography, estimation of message length, and its extraction belong to the field of steganalysis. Steganalysis has recently received a great deal of attention both from law enforcement and the media. In this paper review the what data types are supported, what methods and information security professionals indetecting the use of steganography, after detection has occurred, can the embedded message be reliably extracted, can the embedded data be separated from the carrier revealing the original file, and finally, what are some methods to defeat the use of steganography even if it cannot be reliably detected. Â
Operational setup of the soil-perturbed, time-lagged Ensemble Prediction System at the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute

The usage of Ensemble Prediction System (EPS)-based weather forecasts is nowadays becoming very popular and widespread, because ensemble means better represent weather-related risks than a single (deterministic) forecast. Perturbations of the lower boundary state (i.e., layers of soil and the boundary between soil and the lower atmosphere) applied to the governing system are also believed to play an important role at any resolution. As a part of the research project of the Consortium for Small-scale Modelling (COSMO) at the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMWM-NRI), a simple and efficient method was proposed to produce a reasonable number of valid ensemble members, taking into consideration predefined soil-related model parameters. Tests, case studies and long-term evaluations confirmed that small perturbations of a selected parameter(s) were sufficient to induce significant changes in the forecast of the state of the atmosphere and to provide qualitative selection of a valid member of the ensemble members. Another important factor that added a significant increment to ensemble spread was the time-lagged approach. All these aspects resulted in the preparation of a well-defined ensemble based on the perturbation of soil-related parameters, and introduced in the COSMO model operational setup at the IMWM-NRI. This system is intended for the use in forecasters’ routine work.
Running scientific codes on amazon EC2: a performance analysis of five high-end instances

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a well-known public Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider whose Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2) offering includes some instances, known as cluster instances, aimed at High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications. In previous work, authors have shown that the scalability of HPC communication-intensive applications does not benefit from using higher computational power cluster instances as much as it could be expected. Cost analysis recommends using lower computational power cluster instances unless high memory requirements preclude their use. Moreover, it has been observed that scalability is very poor when more than one instance is used due to network virtualization overhead. Based on those results, this paper gives more insight into the performance of running scientific applications on the Amazon EC2 platform evaluating five (of which two have been recently released) of the higher computational power instances in terms of single instance performance, intra-VM (Virtual Machine) scalability and cost-efficiency. The evaluation has been carried out using both an HPC benchmark suite and a real High-Troughput Computing (HTC) application.
Afforestation of former arable land in north-western Europe

Afforestation of former arable land may serve many purposes and provide many benefits,including carbon sequestration, reduced nitrate pollution of water bodies, restoration of biodiversity and improved recreational possibilities. However, afforestation may also have adverse environmental effects such as reduction of water recharge to groundwater and surface water. This study evaluates the implications of a land use change from agriculture to forestry for N, C and water cycles, based on six afforestation chronosequences (species and age) in Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands. Results showed that estimated losses by nitrate leaching varied considerably among these six chronosequences, but were at least 3-5 times lower than the reported nitrate leaching from arable land in the three countries. Compared with nutrient-poor sandy soils, nutrient-rich clayey soils appeared more vulnerable to disturbance of the N cycle and to increased N deposition, possibly leading to N saturation and enhanced nitrate leaching. Over approximately 35 years following afforestation, nitrate leaching from the root zone was generally higher below common oak than below Norway spruce. Simulated water recharge revealed a general pattern of decline during the first 30-40 years, followed by a recovery in older stands. Oak stands older than 20 years showed a 60-90 mm higher water recharge than adjacent stands of Norway spruce of similar age. The aboveground and belowground biomass accounted for about two thirds of the increase in ecosystem C, and the remaining one third was sequestered in the O horizon and the Ap horizon. The effect of time since afforestation on soil solution DOC (and DON) was partly masked by spatial variability in soil properties that influence DOM adsorption in the mineral soil. Concentrations of DOC in the A horizon at the sites were primarily related to the oxalate-extractable amounts of Al and Fe in the same horizon. It is evident that planning and planting new forests on arable land in an environmentally sound way requires a holistic and long-term perspective on the subsequent changes.
Quantifying the single-scattering albedo for the January 2017 Chile wildfires from simulations of the OMI absorbing aerosol index

Abstract. The absorbing aerosol index (AAI) is a qualitative parameter directly calculated from satellite-measured reflectance. Its sensitivity to absorbing aerosols in combination with a long-term data record since 1978 makes it an important parameter for climate research. In this study, we attempt to quantify aerosol absorption by retrieving the single-scattering albedo (ω0) at 550 nm from the satellite-measured AAI. In the first part of this study, AAI sensitivity studies are presented exclusively for biomass-burning aerosols. Later on, we employ a radiative transfer model (DISAMAR) to simulate the AAI measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) in order to derive ω0 at 550 nm. Inputs for the radiative transfer calculations include satellite measurement geometry and surface conditions from OMI, aerosol optical thickness (τ) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and aerosol microphysical parameters from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET), respectively. This approach is applied to the Chile wildfires for the period from 26 to 30 January 2017, when the OMI-observed AAI of this event reached its peak. The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) overpasses missed the evolution of the smoke plume over the research region; therefore the aerosol profile is parameterized. The simulated plume is at an altitude of 4.5–4.9 km, which is in good agreement with available CALIOP backscatter coefficient measurements. The data may contain pixels outside the plume, so an outlier detection criterion is applied. The results show that the AAI simulated by DISAMAR is consistent with satellite observations. The correlation coefficients fall into the range between 0.85 and 0.95. The retrieved mean ω0 at 550 nm for the entire plume over the research period from 26 to 30 January 2017 varies from 0.81 to 0.87, whereas the nearest AERONET station reported ω0 between 0.89 and 0.92. The difference in geolocation between the AERONET site and the plume, the assumption of homogeneous plume properties, the lack of the aerosol profile information and the uncertainties in the inputs for radiative transfer calculation are primarily responsible for this discrepancy in ω0.
Well-being of the Working Aged Population: Using two different measures of well-being and evaluating likely changes in psychosocial determinants of health

This paper examines particular psychosocial and ecological conditions as a function of well-being of the working aged population in Jamaica. Our aim is to determine which predisposed factors can predict well-being based on its definition - whether or not well-being is conceptualized as dysfunctions or income per capita. The paper"s focus was on two models (i.e. Models 4 and 5), with Model 4 being self-reported dysfunctions and Model 5 being individual"s income (proxy consumption per capita). The study used one of the World Bank"s Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS) - the Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions (JSLC). The JSLC was conducted between June and October 2002, it is a subset of the Labour Force Survey (i.e. ten percent). The sampled population was 14,299 working aged people (ages 15 to 64 years), with the mean age of 34.06 years ± 13.48 years. The Model 4 explains 21.6% of the variance in well-being. Union status, house tenure, health care seeking behaviour, social support, gender, crime, negative and positive psychological conditions, age and consumption per capita were found to be predictors of well-being (proxy dysfunctions). The primary finding of Model 5 is - using individual income per capita (i.e. proxy individual consumption per capita) - that the model explains 39.1% of the variance in well-being. Model 5 explains 17.5% than Model 4, which means that it is better to operationalize well-being from an objective perspective than to use self-reported dysfunctions. Some additional findings from Model 5 will be presented hereafter. The most influential factor using Model 5 is household crowding (β= -0.422, P ≤ 0.001). Dysfunctions are commonly used to evaluate health, functional status and/or well-being in Western societies. Thus, medical disorders (diseases or health conditions) are the primary reasons people give for seeking health care. Our findings show that using self-reported dysfunctions to evaluate well-being is not a good measure as the psychosocial and ecological factors have a low explained variance than when wellbeing that is operationalized using consumption per capita.
The Consumer Behavior Analysis under Large Data Environment

Big data has a large amount of information, various type, value the characteristics of low density, high speed and aging. With the development of the Internet, big data more and more showed an important role in the commercial competition, many companies use large data storage, calculation, analysis and multi-level business innovation. Under this background, the consumer contact with the changes in the way of goods, shopping show diversification, consumption concept and consciousness has been changed. Business consumer data is collection and the behavior analysis of the increasing to more data sources. Through the analysis of the characteristics of the large data, systematically explores the background in the era of big data the changes of consumer behavior, the business innovation are put forward based on this kind of behavior evolution trend.
How much time can herbivore protection buy for coral reefs under realistic regimes of hurricanes and coral bleaching?

Coral reefs have been more severely impacted by recent climate instability than any other ecosystem on Earth. Corals tolerate a narrow range of physical environmental stress, and increases in sea temperature of just 1 °C over several weeks can result in mass coral mortality, often exceeding 95% of individuals over hundreds of square kilometres. Even conservative climate models predict that mass coral bleaching events could occur annually by 2050. Unfortunately, managers of coral‐reef resources have few options available to meet this challenge. Here, we investigate the role that fisheries conservation tools, including the designation of marine reserves, can play in altering future trajectories of Caribbean coral reefs. We use an individual‐based model of the ecological dynamics to test the influence of spatially realistic regimes of disturbance on coral populations. Two major sources of disturbance, hurricanes and coral bleaching, are simulated in contrasting regions of the Caribbean: Belize, Bonaire, and the Bahamas. Simulations are extended to 2099 using the HadGEM1 climate model. We find that coral populations can maintain themselves under all levels of hurricane disturbance providing that grazing levels are high. Regional differences in hurricane frequency are found to cause strikingly different spatial patterns of reef health with greater patchiness occurring in Belize, which has less frequent disturbance, than the Bahamas. The addition of coral bleaching led to a much more homogenous reef state over the seascape. Moreover, in the presence of bleaching, all reefs exhibited a decline in health over time, though with substantial variation among regions. Although the protection of herbivores does not prevent reef degradation it does delay rates of coral loss even under the most severe thermal and hurricane regimes. Thus, we can estimate the degree to which local conservation can help buy time for reefs with values ranging between 18 years in the Bahamas and over 50 years in Bonaire, compared with heavily fished systems. Ultimately, we demonstrate that local conservation measures can benefit reef ecosystem services but that their impact will vary spatially and temporally. Recognizing where such management interventions will either help or fail is an important step towards both achieving sustainable use of coral‐reef resources and maximizing resource management investments.
Impact of insecticides treatment on phytoplasma infection risk in apple orchards

During 2013–2015, a monitoring study was carried out on the migration, abundance, and infectivity of Cacopsylla picta and C. melanoneura in apple orchards that were under different types of management. The presence of symptomatic and non-symptomatic apple trees infected by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ was studied. It was demonstrated that the infectivity of psyllid vectors is the same without regard to the growth management applied in the orchard. The potential risk of phytoplasma spreading in the orchards under an integrated management was lower due to the side-effects of insecticides on psyllids. Their shorter occurrence, lower abundance and the absence of a new vector generation were observed and compared to the orchard grown under organic management.
Study on the Deformation of Pre-Stressed Centre Diaphragm of Pressure Sensor

The centre diaphragm is a key part of the silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor with three diaphragms structure which is one major matter to the sensitivity of the output pressure value. The characteristics between the deflection at the center of the circular diaphragm and the pressure loaded on it are considered by applying the energy theory. And the nonlinear deflection and the maximal deflection formulas are derived by taking the outside pressure loaded and the pre- stress into account. The simulation of the large deflection of the diaphragm is developed by the ANSYS finite-element- method (FEM) software. And the pre-stress is loaded by applying temperature loads in the APDL module. Additionally, the maximal deflection of the centre diaphragm is measured by the micro displacement test equipment. And the testing results confirm both the correction of mathematical model and the validity of the ANSYS FEM simulation software. The results indicated that the pre-stress affect the deflection of the diaphragm of pressure sensor obviously and should not be ignored.
Intergenerational Collaborative Drawing: A Research Method for Researching with/about Young Children

THIS PAPER FOCUSES ON the methodological effectiveness of intergenerational collaborative drawing (ICD). A group of eight researchers trialled this particular approach to drawing, most of them for the first time. Each researcher drew with young children, peers and tertiary students, with drawings created over a period of six months. The eight researchers came together in a ‘community of scholars’ approach to this project because of two shared interests: (i) issues of social justice, access and equity; and (ii) arts-based education research methods. The researchers were curious how ICD might methodically support their respective research processes. As knowledge and theory about young children becomes more complex, researchers need responsive methodological tools to ask new questions and conduct rigorous, ethical research. This partial account describes how drawing together might perform methodologically. The data reported here draws from the detailed field notes, drawings and reflections of the researchers. Conclusions arise from the analysis of these reflections, with the authors suggesting ways in which ICD might benefit research with young children.
External Debt & Economic Growth: Case of Tunisia

The main objective of this paper is to explore the influence of external debt (measured by two indicators that are outstanding debt and debt service in relation to exports of goods and services) on investment and economic growth in Tunisia during a period of 51 years which runs from 1961 to 2011, using vector autoregressive model (VAR). The empirical results show that, in the short term, outstanding debt and debt service in relation to exports of goods and services do not cause economic growth. In the long term, the external debt service is detrimental to Tunisian economy. In Tunisia, the problem is not a debt problem in itself, but the problem concerns the use of this debt. External debt is allocated to activities with both low added value and profitability. In the absence of a clear industrial policy, these activities are traditional activities that do not create wealth, correspond with competitive advantages of the country and employ the qualified workforce. Therefore, the unemployment rate of graduates increases regularly. Furthermore, a significant share of borrowed funds are intended to pay the salaries of the public sector, that have represented more than a third of the state budget in recent years. Then, external debt did not help the country to develop because those salaries went into consumption of some imported goods that are not produced in the home market.