Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
R&D of Nb/sub 3/Sn accelerator magnets at Fermilab

Fermilab is developing and investigating different high-field magnets (HFM) for present and future accelerators. The HFM R&D program focused on the 10-12 T magnets based on Nb/sub 3/Sn superconductor and explored both basic magnet technologies for brittle superconductors-wind-and-react and react-and-wind. Magnet design studies in support of LHC upgrades and VLHC were conducted. A series of 1-m long cos-theta dipole models based on the wind-and-react technique was fabricated and tested. Three 1-m long flat racetracks and the common coil dipole model, based on a single-layer coil and react-and-wind technique, were also fabricated and tested. Extensive theoretical and experimental studies of electro-magnetic instabilities in Nb/sub 3/Sn strands, cables and magnets were performed and led to a successful 10 T dipole model. This paper presents the details of Fermilab's HFM program, reports its status and major results, and formulates the next steps for the program.
Walking Direction Estimation Based on Statistical Modeling of Human Gait Features With Handheld MIMU

Contrary to Global Navigation Satellite System or Wi-Fi based navigation, pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) method with handheld inertial and magnetic sensors gives the opportunity to achieve indoor/outdoor ubiquitous pedestrian localization. A remaining PDR critical issue is the estimation of the walking direction. Existing methods are principally searching for the energy main axis, but they do not consider the variability of hand movements introducing robustness issues. A new method, based on statistical models and likelihood maximization adjusted to the person and his/her activity, is proposed in this paper. Performance is assessed with experiments in a motion capture room and a shopping mall. The new statistical approach gives globally better results than state of the art methods. A 1.4° to 15.3° error on the walking direction estimates is found over several “1-km walk” tests indoors.
Probing the interaction between recombinant human myelin basic protein and caseins using surface plasmon resonance and diffusing wave spectroscopy

An intrinsically unstructured human myelin basic protein (hMBP) was expressed in the milk of transgenic cows (TGmilk) and found exclusively associated with the casein micellar phase. The interaction between the recombinant protein and milk caseins was investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). An anti‐human myelin basic protein antibody was covalently immobilized to the surface of the sensor chip. Subsequently the interaction between the recombinant protein (captured by this antibody) and caseins was studied in comparison to that noted with its human counterpart. Results showed a calcium‐mediated interaction between the recombinant protein and caseins. The order of magnitude of this interaction was in agreement with the number of phosphorylated residues carried by each type of casein (αs‐ > β‐ > κ‐casein). This selective interaction was not noted between the human protein and milk caseins indicating that the recombinant protein was phosphorylated to a higher extent than the human protein. The obtained results indicated that the co‐expression of the recombinant protein and caseins by the mammary gland along with the recombinant protein's ability to form calcium bridges played a key role in the association of the recombinant human myelin basic protein (rhMBP) with the casein micelles of milk. Despite this association between the recombinant protein and milk caseins, light scattering investigations using diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) showed no significant differences between the milks of the transgenic and the non‐transgenic control cows, with respect to both the average micelle size and surface charges. This was attributed to the low expression levels of the recombinant protein in milk. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell hydration and proteolysis control in liver.

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Multi‐scale modeling for sustainable chemical production

With recent advances in metabolic engineering, it is now technically possible to produce a wide portfolio of existing petrochemical products from biomass feedstock. In recent years, a number of modeling approaches have been developed to support the engineering and decision‐making processes associated with the development and implementation of a sustainable biochemical industry. The temporal and spatial scales of modeling approaches for sustainable chemical production vary greatly, ranging from metabolic models that aid the design of fermentative microbial strains to material and monetary flow models that explore the ecological impacts of all economic activities. Research efforts that attempt to connect the models at different scales have been limited. Here, we review a number of existing modeling approaches and their applications at the scales of metabolism, bioreactor, overall process, chemical industry, economy, and ecosystem. In addition, we propose a multi‐scale approach for integrating the existing models into a cohesive framework. The major benefit of this proposed framework is that the design and decision‐making at each scale can be informed, guided, and constrained by simulations and predictions at every other scale. In addition, the development of this multi‐scale framework would promote cohesive collaborations across multiple traditionally disconnected modeling disciplines to achieve sustainable chemical production.
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography of tri aza aromatic ligand compounds of iron (II): Influence of bile salt type on enantiomeric separation

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography is used with a variety of bile salt micelles to separate the enantiomers of bis(8‐((pyridine‐2‐methylene)amino)quinoline)iron(II) hexafluorophosphate, Fe(PMAQ)2(PF6)2; bis(8‐((pyridine‐2‐methylene)amino)lepidine iron(II) hexafluorophosphate, Fe(PMAL)2(PF6)2; and bis(1‐(2‐pyridinyl)ethylidine)‐8‐aminoquinoline iron(II) hexafluorophosphate, Fe(PEAQ)2(PF6)2. The influence of ten different bile salts on the resolution of each pair of enantiomers is investigated. Significant changes in resolution are seen depending upon the bile salt used. The dihydroxy bile salts are superior to the trihydroxy bile salts in terms of resolution, and the taurine or glycine conjugated bile salts yield better results than the unconjugated bile salts. Resolution for most enantiomers is maximized in a buffer solution containing 10–15% acetone and employing either taurochenodeoxycholic or glycochenodeoxycholic acid as the bile salt. Evidence for the separation of the corresponding Fe(III) complexes is presented.
Molecular characterization of Malassezia sympodialis and Malassezia furfur from cattle with and without otitis

A molecular study of Malassezia strains isolated from cattle with or without otitis was carried out by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD). DNA was extracted and purified from nine strains of Malassezia sympodialis and fourteen of Malassezia furfur. These microorganisms were collected from eight different bovine herds in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The RAPD analysis and phenograms did not show the formation of genetically distinct groups among the strain isolated from cattle with or without otitis raised in the same herds. Genetic heterogeneity was observed among Malassezia strains from different geographic origins. These data suggest that genetically similar M. sympodialis and M. furfur strains found as members of the normal ear microbiota could become opportunistically active in the inflammatory process in cattle.
Ocular Dominance and Handedness in Golf Putting

Purpose In golf, the impact of eye-hand dominance on putting performance has long been debated. Eye-hand dominance is thought to impact how golfers judge the alignment of the ball with the target and the club with the ball, as well as how golfers visualize the line of the putt when making decisions about the force needed to hit the ball. Previous studies have all measured ocular dominance in primary gaze only, despite golfers spending a significant amount of their time in a putting stance (bent at the hips, head tilted down). Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess ocular dominance in both primary gaze (aligning the ball with the target) and putting gaze (addressing the ball and aligning the club). Methods This study investigated measuring pointing ocular dominance in both primary and putting gaze positions on 31 golfers (14 amateur, 7 club professionals, and 10 top professionals). All players were right-handed golfers, although one reported having no hand dominance and one reported being strongly left hand dominant. Results The results showed that (1) primary and putting gaze ocular dominances are not equal, nor are they predictive of each other; (2) the magnitude of putting ocular dominance is significantly less than the magnitude of primary gaze ocular dominance; (3) ocular dominance is not correlated with handedness in either primary or putting gaze; and (4) eye-hand dominance is not associated with increased putting skill, although ocular dominance may be associated with increased putting success. Conclusions It is important that coaches assess golfers’ ocular dominance in both primary and putting gaze positions to ensure they have the most accurate information upon which to base their vision strategy decisions.
Ultrasound chest muscle characterization using 2D texture analysis

Investigation and characterization of a musculoskeletal organ can be performed using ultrasound imaging. The images can be examined in term of morphological and textural analysis. Statistical texture analysis is one of the established techniques for image analysis and classification. It is suitable for investigation and characterization of the musculoskeletal ultrasound image. In this study, the statistical texture analysis was performed for characterization of Pectoralis minor (Pmi) and Pectoralis major (Pma) muscle of the chest. The images were captured using ultrasound machine and the region of interest (ROI) was obtained for Pma and Pmi muscle area. The ROI images were analyzed using First-order and Second-order statistical texture analysis in MATLAB software. The statistical texture feature values of Pmi and Pma were obtained and compared. The result shows that the First-order texture features of variance and kurtosis and the Second-order texture features of contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity tend to provide different characteristics in Pmi and Pma muscle image classification.
Effect of arsenic trioxide on QT interval in patients with advanced malignancies.

PURPOSE Arsenic trioxide is an effective treatment for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who have relapsed from or are refractory to all-trans-retinoic acid and anthracycline chemotherapy. Since arsenic can prolong the QT interval and lead to torsade de pointes, a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, this retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the degree of QT prolongation in patients treated with arsenic trioxide. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical data and serial ECGs from 99 patients with advanced malignancies who received 170 courses of arsenic trioxide in either a phase I or phase II investigational study were reviewed. RESULTS Prolonged QT intervals developed in 38 patients (26 patients had intervals >/= 500 milliseconds). Compared with baseline, the heart rate-corrected (QTc) interval was prolonged by 30 to 60 milliseconds in 36.6% of treatment courses, and by more than 60 milliseconds in 35.4% of patients. The degree of prolongation was higher in men than in women during the first course of therapy, and in patients with hypokalemia. In patients receiving multiple courses, QTc intervals returned to pretreatment levels before the second course, signifying that arsenic trioxide does not permanently prolong the QTc interval. One hypokalemic, arsenic trioxide-treated patient with relapsed APL developed asymptomatic torsade de pointes, which resolved spontaneously and did not recur after electrolyte replacement. There were no sudden or arrhythmia-related deaths. CONCLUSION This analysis shows that arsenic trioxide can prolong the QTc interval. However, with appropriate ECG monitoring and management of electrolytes and concomitant medications, arsenic trioxide can be safely administered in patients with relapsed APL.
Provider and Nonprovider Sources of Mental Health Help in the Military and the Effects of Stigma, Negative Attitudes, and Organizational Barriers to Care.

OBJECTIVE This study examined sources of help (providers or nonproviders) used by soldiers for mental health problems. Differences in perceived barriers to care by type of help used were also assessed. METHODS Active-duty soldiers from four brigade combat teams (N=3,380) were surveyed in 2008-2009. Items assessed posttraumatic stress disorder; depression; anxiety; help needed because of a stress, emotional, alcohol, or family problem; stigma; negative attitudes toward care; and organizational barriers. Participants reported receipt of help in the past three months from providers (mental health or medical professionals or an Army resource hotline) or nonproviders (fellow soldier, medic, chaplain, or chain of command). RESULTS Nearly a third (31%) were identified as being in need of mental health care. Of those, 5% reported using nonprovider help exclusively, 14% used provider help exclusively, and 7% used both types. Stigma was rated significantly lower as a barrier among those who used help exclusively from providers than among those who did not use help from any source; however, no significant differences in stigma scores were found between those who used help from nonproviders and those who did not use help from any source. Soldiers who used help from nonproviders were more likely than those who used help from providers to perceive organizational barriers. CONCLUSIONS Results show that soldiers may view nonproviders as alternative sources of mental health help, suggesting that the Army should ensure that such resources are adequately trained and integrated into the mental health community so that soldiers can receive the help they need.
Enhancing Privacy in Identity Federation

Federated Identity Management (FIM) allows for securely provisioning certified user identities and attributes to relying parties. It establishes higher security and data quality compared to user-asserted attributes and allows stronger user privacy protection than technologies based upon user-side attribute certificates. Therefore, industry pursues the deployment of FIM solutions as one cornerstone of the WS-Security framework. Current research proposes even more powerful methods for security and privacy protection in identity management with so called anonymous credential systems . Being based on new, yet well-researched, signature schemes and cryptographic zero-knowledge proofs, these systems have the potential to improve the capabilities of FIM by superior privacy protection, user control, and multiple use of single credentials. Unfortunately, anonymous credential systems and their semantics being based upon zero-knowledge proofs are incompatible with the XML Signature Standard which is the basis for the WS-Security and most FIM frameworks. We put forth a general construction for integrating anonymous credential systems with the XML Signature Standard and FIM protocols. We apply this method to the WS-Security protocol framework and thus obtain a very flexible WS-Federation Active Requestor Profile with strong user control and superior privacy protection.
Canonical dynamics: Equilibrium phase-space distributions.

Nose has modified Newtonian dynamics so as to reproduce both the canonical and the isothermal-isobaric probability densities in the phase space of an N-body system. He did this by scaling time (with s) and distance (with V/sup 1/D/ in D dimensions) through Lagrangian equations of motion. The dynamical equations describe the evolution of these two scaling variables and their two conjugate momenta p/sub s/ and p/sub v/. Here we develop a slightly different set of equations, free of time scaling. We find the dynamical steady-state probability density in an extended phase space with variables x, p/sub x/, V, epsilon-dot, and zeta, where the x are reduced distances and the two variables epsilon-dot and zeta act as thermodynamic friction coefficients. We find that these friction coefficients have Gaussian distributions. From the distributions the extent of small-system non-Newtonian behavior can be estimated. We illustrate the dynamical equations by considering their application to the simplest possible case, a one-dimensional classical harmonic oscillator.
Isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi from Leptotrombidium fuji and Its Characterization

In our attempts to isolate Orientia tsutsugamushi from trombiculid mites, a strain was successfully isolated from Leptotrombidium fuji collected in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. This is the first case of isolation of O. tsutsugamushi from L. fuji. A phylogenetic analysis based on the base‐sequence homology of the 56‐kDa type‐specific antigen‐gene indicated that the strain is a new type which is not closely related to any strains analyzed previously. Three strains isolated from Leptotrombidium pallidum harvested at the same area were identified as being closely related to the JP‐2 type (subtype‐2 of Karp type in Japan) by phylogenetic analysis.
Continuous Parathyroid Hormone and Estrogen Administration Increases Vertebral Cancellous Bone Volume and Cortical Width in the Estrogen‐Deficient Rat

Generally, it is believed that intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has an anabolic effect on the skeleton, whereas continuous administration is catabolic. However, there is evidence that continuous exposure to PTH may have an anabolic effect, for example, in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The possibility of delivering PTH continuously may have important implications for the treatment of osteoporosis. Furthermore, estrogen treatment may be useful in the medical management of PHPT. Therefore, we examined the skeletal effects of continuous administration of PTH, with or without estrogen, in the estrogen‐deficient rat with established osteopenia. Forty 7‐month‐old SD rats were divided into four ovariectomy (OVX) groups and one sham‐operated group. Eight weeks post‐OVX, three groups received subcutaneous implants of Alzet mini pumps loaded with PTH(1‐34) (30 μg/kg per day), 17β‐estradiol (10 μg/kg per day) pellet, or both PTH and 17β‐estradiol separately for 4 weeks. OVX and sham control groups were given the mini pumps loaded with vehicle. Two doses of calcein (10 mg/kg) were given subcutaneously to all rats 2 days and 8 days before death. Histomorphometry was performed on cancellous and cortical bone of the fourth lumbar vertebra. At 3 months, post‐OVX rats displayed bone loss with high bone turnover. Estrogen reversed OVX‐mediated high turnover without restoring cancellous bone volume (BV/TV). PTH infusion further increased bone turnover and partially restored BV/TV. However, PTH infusion increased cortical porosity. Estrogen inhibited PTH‐mediated cancellous bone resorption and substantially increased BV/TV above sham control. The combined treatment was associated with a significant increase in peritrabecular fibrosis and woven bone formation. The combined treatment of PTH infusion and estrogen replacement enhanced cortical width but estrogen did not prevent the PTH‐induced cortical tunneling. We conclude that continuous administration of PTH and estrogen increases cortical porosity but has substantial beneficial effects on vertebral cancellous bone volume and cortical width in OVX rats.
A HV pulse generator for driving pulsed corona discharge

As part of a pulsed corona system for pollution control applications, a high-voltage pulse generator was developed, constructed and tested. A 1 kW generator delivers a 45 kV, 100 ns pulse across a 120 /spl Omega/ load with a risetime of 15 ns and a repetition rate of up to 1 kHz. It comprises of a single magnetic compression (MC) stage which incorporates both amorphous metal and ferrite cores for fast magnetic switching. The compressor does not contain external remagnetization circuits that are commonly used in magnetic compressors. A fast semiconductor ABB A-Z switch specified for 2.5 kA, 3 kV is used as the main switch. A thorough theoretical analysis of the circuit topology is presented. Experiments with a dummy load showed a fair agreement with simulations. Typical voltage and current waveforms, volt-ampere characteristics and the corona discharge appearance are presented. The results of this study are used for developing a 6 kW pulse generator for an advanced industrial-grade system.
Stochastic Forest Stand Value and Optimal Timber Harvesting

We consider a Faustmann timber harvesting problem arising in the literature on rational forest management by modeling the value of the harvested resource as a time homogeneous, regular, and linear diffusion. We state a set of easily verifiable general conditions under which the existence and uniqueness of an optimal cutting value and, consequently, an optimal impulse control, are guaranteed. We also present a set of conditions under which increased volatility increases both the value and the optimal harvesting threshold at which the irreversible harvesting strategy is exercised.