Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Sieve Unit Inclination Angle in the Cleaning Process of Oat Grain in a Rotary Cleaning Device

The article presents some of the research on the wider work related to testing and improving a new rotary cleaning device. The new cereal grain cleaning and separation device can support the development of sustainable agriculture in terms of seed purity and quality. This device is especially useful for small and medium-sized farms. This device has the characteristics of a multi-stage screen aided by an air stream (i.e., by pneumoseparation). The prototype was constructed at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The research was conducted at a test stand, which allowed changes in the operating parameters of the cleaner and their measurement. The scope of the tests included determining the influence of the inclination angle of the sieve unit (α) on the effectiveness and efficiency of oat grain cleaning. The experiment was carried out using two rotational spindle speeds: 5 and 75 rpm. The quality of the separation and cleaning of oat grains was evaluated using six cleaning process parameters: plump grain mass separation coefficient (Spg), fine grain separation coefficient (Sfg), fine impurities separation coefficient (Sfi), chaff separation coefficient (Sch), total coefficient of cleaning effectiveness (E), plump grain cleaning efficiency (qpg). Results showed the significant effect of the sieve drum inclination angle on the efficiency and effectiveness of oat grain cleaning.
Vertex representation of quantum N-toroidal algebra for type F4

Abstract Recently Gao-Jing-Xia-Zhang defined the structures of quantum N-toroidal algebras uniformally, which are a kind of natural generalizations of the classical quantum toroidal algebras, just like the relation between 2-toroidal Lie algebras and N-toroidal Lie algebras. Based on this work, we construct a level-one vertex representation of quantum N-toroidal algebra for type F4. In particular, we can also obtain a level-one vertex representation of quantum toroidal algebra for type F4 as our special cases.
Precarity of refugees: the case of Basmane-İzmir, Turkey

ABSTRACT Over the last decade, the precarity of refugees and temporary migrants and its associated ambiguities is an increasing focus of scholarly inquiry and policy debate. In particular, the Syrian conflict since 2011 has led to dramatic refugee crises especially in terms of the number of people displaced into neighbouring countries, including Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq, with Turkey hosting the largest refugee population in the world. Within Turkey, Syrian refugees are concentrated in camps, border towns, major cities and particular urban neighbourhoods. The Basmane neighbourhood, an old inner city quarter of İzmir, Turkey, is a special case, and we directly observe and detail various dimensions of the precarity of Syrian immigrants there at the apex of the refugee flow, and assess how temporary migration affected İzmir's permanent residents. Focusing on physical and social transformations in Basmane, we concentrate on the intra-relationships among place, refugees, and locals and seek to contribute to the debate of how (un)settled situations of refugees produce differential pathways for adaptation and experiences of precarity. The research indicates that socio-spatial dynamics in Basmane contributes to the adaptation of refugees and affects their precarity as the hub for temporary immigrants in İzmir.
Implications of non-linearities between cumulative CO2 emissions and CO2-induced warming for assessing the remaining carbon budget

To determine the remaining carbon budget, a new framework was introduced in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C (SR1.5). We refer to this as a ‘segmented’ framework because it considers the various components of the carbon budget derivation independently from one another. Whilst implementing this segmented framework, in SR1.5 the assumption was that there is a strictly linear relationship between cumulative CO2 emissions and CO2-induced warming i.e. the TCRE is constant and can be applied to a range of emissions scenarios. Here we test whether such an approach is able to replicate results from model simulations that take the climate system’s internal feedbacks and non-linearities into account. Within our modelling framework, following the SR1.5’s choices leads to smaller carbon budgets than using simulations with interacting climate components. For 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming targets, the differences are 50 GtCO2 (or 10%) and 260 GtCO2 (or 17%), respectively. However, by relaxing the assumption of strict linearity, we find that this difference can be reduced to around 0 GtCO2 for 1.5 °C of warming and 80 GtCO2 (or 5%) for 2.0 °C of warming (for middle of the range estimates of the carbon cycle and warming response to anthropogenic emissions). We propose an updated implementation of the segmented framework that allows for the consideration of non-linearities between cumulative CO2 emissions and CO2-induced warming.
Low-cost housing demand-supply gap: Government housing planners perspective on possible solutions

Abstract The Malaysian Governments have made several attempts to make housing accessible and affordable for the low-income earners (LIEs) via various policies and programmes yet the lack of homes is high. Therefore, this paper explores the issues that have enhanced low-cost housing (LCH) demand-supply gap from the government housing planners perspective and proffer possible solutions via qualitative insight. This was achieved through a phenomenology type of qualitative approach that covered eight urban states across Malaysia. The study found that government role in ensuring sufficient supply of LCH has not been significantly demonstrated from pre-development to post-development despite various LCH policies. Among the recommendations is the imposed three acres via cumulative ruling on housing developers, enforcement of computerised open registration for eligibility of applicants, and government to establish a sustainable finance scheme to enhance access to housing-loan for only LIEs. The paper concludes that government should enforce engrave of land title deed such that only LIEs would be eligible to possess LCH while the rent-to-own scheme should be managed by an independent agency, and coordinated via the joint task force. This paper contributes to an understanding that could be provided for policymakers and developers for a better implementation of LCH provision.
Nitrogen Rate Increase Not Required for No-Till Wheat in Cool and Humid Conditions

An increased nitrogen (N) supply was proposed to avoid grain yield (GY) reductions and successfully implement conservation agriculture (CA). We investigated interactions effects of tillage system and N supply on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at two sites in the Swiss midlands with no (0 kg N ha−1) and high (150–160 kg N ha−1) N supply using 15N-labelled ammonium nitrate in selected treatments. Wheat’s GY, yield components, N related traits and soil mineral N content (Nmin) under conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT) were studied following two preceding crops: oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Wheat after oilseed rape had significantly higher GY and biomass than after maize while a yield decrease under NT compared with CT and MT was observed regardless of N supply level. Differences in soil Nmin among tillage systems were seldom found and were inconsistent. No differences in 15N fertilizer recovery were found between NT and CT while residual Nmin after harvest was lower under NT than CT or MT. In conclusion, we did not found consistent reductions in soil N availability and N uptake under NT that would justify an increased N supply for wheat under CA.
Efficiency Improvement Strategy for Multiple Operating Points in Doubly Fed Magnetic Geared Motor

The doubly fed magnetic geared motor, which has dual AC windings, can be operated with different frequencies in the inner and outer windings. However, the inner and outer windings have different numbers of pole pairs to meet the pole combination derived by the magnetic gearing effect, and hence undesirable space harmonic components of the magnetic flux are produced at the air gaps. These space harmonics affect the iron losses at each core, and the resultant iron loss and efficiency are varied by the frequencies of the inner and outer windings. Thus, in this paper, first, the effect of the space harmonic components of the air gap magnetic flux density in the inner stator, outer stator, and the modulating pieces is separately investigated. In addition, the iron loss characteristics of each ferromagnetic material are presented according to the frequency combinations in the inner and outer windings. Secondly, the iron loss maps and the efficiency maps according to the frequency conditions of the inner and outer windings are drawn, and the causes of the characteristic differences in each map are analyzed. Thirdly, the frequency control sequence and the roles of the inner and outer windings as the armature and field parts are changed, and the analysis of the iron loss map and efficiency map is repeated. Finally, the results in the inner-armature case and the outer-armature case are compared with each other, and the possibility of improving the overall operating efficiency over the multiple operating points by using the individual frequency control and frequency combination selection is proved.
Effects of pasture and forest microclimatic conditions on the foraging activity of leaf‐cutting ants

The fragmentation and transformation of land cover modify the microclimate of ecosystems. These changes have the potential to modify the foraging activity of animals, but few studies have examined this topic. In this study, we investigated whether and how the foraging activity of the leaf‐cutter ant Atta cephalotes is modified by microclimatic variations due to land cover change from forest to pasture. We characterized the microclimate of each habitat and identified alterations in foraging behavior in response to relative humidity (RH), air temperature, and surface temperature along ant foraging trails by synchronously assessing foraging activity (number of ants per 5 min including incoming laden and unladen and outgoing ants) and microclimatic variables (air temperature, RH, and maximum and minimum surface temperature along the foraging trail). There were climatic differences between habitats during the day but not throughout the night, and A. cephalotes was found to have a high tolerance for foraging under severe microclimatic changes. This species can forage at surface temperatures between 17 and 45°C, air temperatures between 20 and 36°C, and an RH between 40% and 100%. We found a positive effect of temperature on the foraging activity of A. cephalotes in the pasture, where the species displayed thermophilic behavior and the ability to forage across a wide range of temperatures and RH. These results provide a mechanism to partially explain why A. cephalotes becomes highly prolific as anthropogenic disturbances increase and why it has turned into a key player of human‐modified neotropical landscapes.
Characterisation of the polygalacturonase gene of the Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi.

The fungal pathogens Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) Nannf. and O. novo-ulmi Brasier, the causal agents of Dutch elm disease, are responsible for decimation of elms in the Northern Hemisphere during the twentieth and twentyfi rst centuries. Pectinolytic enzymes, including polygalacturonase, have been implicated as virulence factors in the life history of many fungi. To determine the role of polygalacturonase in Dutch elm disease, we cloned and characterised the polygalacturonase gene from the highly aggressive O. novo-ulmi. This gene was similar to polygalacturonase genes of other fungi, and was present as a single copy in the genome. Genetic disruption of the gene was not lethal to the pathogen but led to a reduction of pectinolytic activity in vitro. It appears, therefore, that polygalacturonase has a limited role in fungal virulence and parasitic fi tness in the life history of O. novo-ulmi.
Impacts of Minimum Wage Increases in the US Retail Sector: Full-Time versus Part-Time Employment

State and federal minimum wage hikes are likely to impact the retail industry employing a great number of less well-compensated part-time workers. Despite the relevance of this issue, it is not clear how minimum wage increases affect full-time and part-time retail employees differentially. In this study, using state-level monthly data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), we find that minimum wage hikes lead to rising part-time wages, but not to declining part-time employment. Instead, retailers reduce their full-time employment and hours of full-time workers in order to stay within a labor budget and keep serving their customers.
Research on mesoscale eddy-tracking algorithm of Kalman filtering under density clustering on time scale

ABSTRACT This article proposes the tracking algorithm based on density clustering of time scale and mesoscale eddy of Kalman filtering using the fused SLA data of altimeter. Firstly, the definitive density clustering based on time scale discovers the potential association pattern between data, and screens out the data set of mesoscale eddy trajectory. With regard to the data set with time scale conflict, it analyzes the Kalman filtering, eliminates the noise points and obtains the correct mesoscale eddy trajectory. Secondly, it turns the tracking process into an algorithm that supports batch processing by applying the data processing method to the mesoscale eddy-tracking algorithm, which solves the problem of single serialization and high time and space complexity of the traditional tracking algorithm. Based on the algorithm, this article selects the experimental data of the South China Sea for the mesoscale eddy-tracking test. The experiment turns out that the algorithm can better reveal the life course of mesoscale eddy and evolution rule of physical oceanography according to spatial scale, amplitude and eddy duration, etc.
Trait Gradient Analysis for Evergreen and Deciduous Species in a Subtropical Forest

Leaf habits (e.g., evergreen or deciduous) can reflect strategies of species adapting to varied environmental conditions. However, how species with different leaf habits coexist within a plant community is still poorly understood. Trait gradient analysis is a new approach to partition plant functional trait variations into alpha (within-community) and beta (among-community) components to quantify the effects of environmental filtering and biotic competition on community assembly. Here, on the basis of establishing forty-eight forest dynamic plots in a subtropical evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in central China and measuring of seven functional traits, we compared the trait variation patterns and influencing factors of evergreen and deciduous species by using the trait gradient analysis method. The results showed that there were significant differences between functional traits for evergreen and deciduous species. Alpha trait components consistently varied more widely than beta components. The correlation between species trait mean and the alpha of each trait was highly significant, but there was no significant correlation between beta and alpha trait values. There were relatively weak or nonexistent significant correlations among species mean trait values and alpha trait values of different functional traits. However, the beta trait value showed high and significant correlations in both evergreen and deciduous species. Our results indicated that evergreen and deciduous species adopt similar adaptation strategies (beta component) in the context of environmental change in the community. However, the species initially came to coexist via the ecological positioning of traits (alpha component), which helped reduce competition so individuals could obtain more resources.
Understanding of university students about improper integral

The study of the understanding of mathematical concepts is of great interest for research in Mathematics Education. In this sense, an investigation is carried out on the understanding of the concept of improper integral, a basic concept from the first courses of Bachelor of Mathematics for subsequent courses. The objective is to characterize the understanding of this mathematical concept through a proficiency model for this purpose, an instrument was designed that was applied to second-year university students. The research is qualitative exploratory and is based on the framework of the Theory of records of semiotic representations.
Modelling of turbulent reacting flow for a cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet

A two-dimensional, axisymmetric model of turbulent reacting flow for a cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet has been developed. The model is formulated within the framework of boundary-layer theory and allows to study the transport and chemical processes in the jet with low computational effort. The generation of primary reactive gas species is described using a local zero-dimensional reaction kinetics model. The proposed modelling approach is validated against available experimental data. The computations are performed for a turbulent cold plasma jet operated in argon with admixtures of oxygen, air and water. The effect of a shielding gas on the transport and chemical processes is discussed. The modelling results are compared with the results of quantitative schlieren diagnostics (for Ar), molecular-beam mass spectrometry (for Ar, N2, O2), laser-induced fluorescence (for NO), two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (for O), ultraviolet absorption (for O3) and cavity ring-down (for HO2) spectroscopy measurements. It is shown that turbulent diffusion across the jet is an important factor influencing the behaviour of reactive species that are of interest for practical applications.
Spontaneous Breathing and Imposed Work During Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation: A Bench Study*

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: To calculate imposed work of breathing during simulated spontaneous breathing at a given tidal volume across the range of normal length or shortened pediatric endotracheal tube sizes and endotracheal tubes with an intraluminal catheter in situ. Design: In vitro study. Setting: Research laboratory. Interventions: A bench model (normal compliance, no airway resistance) simulating sinusoid flow spontaneous breathing used to calculate imposed work of breathing for various endotracheal tube sizes (3.0–7.5 mm). Imposed work of breathing was calculated by integrating inspiratory tidal volume over the end-expiratory difference between the positive end-expiratory pressure and the tracheal pressure. Measurements were taken at different combinations of set spontaneous tidal volume (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mL/kg), age-appropriate inspiratory times, length of endotracheal tube, and presence of intraluminal catheter. Measurements and Main Results: Overall median imposed work of breathing (Joules/L) was not significantly different between the four age groups: 0.047 Joules/L (interquartile range, 0.020–0.074 Joules/L) for newborns, 0.077 Joules/L (interquartile range, 0.032–0.127 Joules/L) for infants, 0.109 Joules/L (interquartile range, 0.0399–0.193 Joules/L) for small children, and 0.077 Joules/L (interquartile range, 0.032–0.132 Joules/L) for adolescents. Shortening the endotracheal tubes resulted in a significant difference in reduction in overall imposed work of breathing, but the absolute reduction was most notable in small children (0.030 Joules/L) and the least effect in neonates (0.016 Joules/L). Overall imposed work of breathing increased in each age group when an intraluminal catheter was in situ: 91.09% increase in imposed work of breathing in neonates to 0.168 Joules/L, 84.98% in infants to 0.142 Joules/L, 81.98% in small children to 0.219 Joules/L, and 55.45% in adolescents to 0.140 Joules/L. Conclusions: Calculated imposed work of breathing were not different across the range of endotracheal tube sizes. The low imposed work of breathing values found in this study might be appreciated as clinically irrelevant. Our findings add to the change in reasoning that it is appropriate to perform spontaneous breathing trials without pressure support. Nonetheless, our findings on the measured imposed work of breathing values need to be confirmed in a clinical study.
Isolation of Protease-Producing Arctic Marine Bacteria

We isolated and identified three protease-producing bacteria that had inhabited the region around the Korean Arctic Research Station Dasan located at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Norway . Biofilms were collected from the surface of a floating pier and from dead brown algae in a tide pool near the seashore. The biofilm samples were transported to the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) under frozen conditions, diluted in sterilized seawater, and cultured on Zobell agar plates with 1% skim milk at . Three clear zone forming colonies were selected as protease-producing bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that these three stains shared high sequence similarities with Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii, Exiguobacterium oxidotofewm Pseudomonas jessenii, respectively. We expect these Arctic bacteria may be used to develop new varieties of protease that are active at low temperatures.
CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY OF CHRISTIA VESPERTILIONIS LEAVES EXTRACTS AGAINST HELA CELLS AND THE DETECTION OF COMPOUNDS BY GC-MS

Plants especially herbs have been utilized by old society for some therapeutic effects prior. In the present day, the notoriety of utilizing plants particularly for anticancer activity has continued expanding. Numerous examinations have been directed to separate out all phytochemical compounds contained in the herb that may be responsible of remedial impacts, for example, anticancer activity. In this research, Christia vespertilionis leaves extracts have been utilized to determine the cytotoxic activities of the plant extract towards human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). C. vespertilionis leaves have been fractioned utilizing partitioned extraction from crude methanol extract followed by partitioning extract with increasing polarity namely hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions. Based on the discoveries, DCM extract of C. vespertilionis leaves has demonstrated the most elevated cytotoxicity activities towards HeLa cell line shown significantly by lowest half inhibitory concentration (IC50). DCM extract displayed highest cytotoxicity with IC50 estimation of 63.68, 55.42 and 53.04 μg/mL at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Extensive cell detachment and the presence of apoptotic bodies in 24 hours may propose cytotoxicity activity of the extract. Additionally, the presence of various phytochemical compounds in the extract utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry investigation, for example, 2-propenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, cyclododecane,9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, and phytol may be the explanation behind the cytotoxic activities displayed by the extract onto the HeLa cell lines. It was recommended that this plant may have pharmacological significance in the future.