Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adherence to cancer screening guidelines in Australian survivors of allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (BMT)

Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplant (BMT) survivors are at high risk of secondary cancers. Although current guidelines endorse survivors following Country‐specific general population screening recommendations to mitigate this risk, little is known about cancer screening adherence in Australian BMT survivors. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 441 BMT survivors who were >1 year post transplant, to explore rates of screening for secondary cancers and to identify barriers to cancer screening recommendations. Survey instruments included the Sydney Post‐BMT Survey, FACT‐BMT, DASS 21, The Chronic Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) Activity Assessment–Patient Self‐Report (Form B), the Lee Chronic GVHD Symptom Scale, Fear of Cancer Recurrence Scale, and The Post Traumatic Growth Inventory. Fifty‐seven percent of respondents were male, median age 54 years, and 40% were >6 years post‐BMT. Rates of cancer screening adherence were as follows: cervical 63.4%, breast 53.3%, skin 52.4%, and bowel 32.3%. Older BMT survivors and those >2 years post transplant were more likely to undergo cancer screening. Improved quality of life was associated with screening for skin, breast, and cervical cancer. Fear of cancer recurrence negatively impacted on cervical screening. For those who had not undergone screening, the majority reported not being advised to do so by their treatment team. This study is the largest and most comprehensive to date exploring cancer screening adherence in BMT survivors in Australia. These data provide the basis for health service reform to better meet the needs of BMT survivors and provide evidence to support counseling and education of both patients and professionals.
A Multipath Lifetime-Prolonging Routing Algorithm for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Dynamic networks can be tremendously challenging when deploying distributed applications on autonomous machines. Further, implementing services like routing and security for such networks is generally difficult and problematic. Consequently, multi-agent systems are well suited for designing distributed systems where several autonomous agents interact or work together to perform a set of tasks or satisfy a set of goals, hence moving the problem of analyzing from a global level to a local level therefore reducing the design complexity. In our previous paper, we presented a Multi Agent system model that has been adapted to develop a routing protocol for ad hoc networks. Wireless ad hoc networks are infrastructureless networks that comprise wireless mobile nodes which areable to communicate with each other outside the wireless transmission range. Due to frequent network topology changes, the limited energy and underlying bandwidth, routing becomes a challenging task. In this paper, we present a new version of routing algorithm devoted for mobile ad hoc networks. Our new algorithm helps controlling the network congestion and increasing the network lifetime by effectively managing nodes energy and link cost. The performance of our new version is validated through simulation. The Simulation results show the effectiveness and efficiency of our new algorithm compared to stae-of-the-artsolutions in terms of various performance metrics.
Methodological Survey on Fetal ECG Extraction

Fetal Electrocardiogram (FECG) signal, non-invasively taken from the Abdominal Electrocardiogram (AECG) of a pregnant woman is a efficient diagnostic tool for evaluating the health status of fetus. Clinically significant information in the Fetal Electrocardiogram signal is often masked by Maternal Electrocardiogram (MECG) considered as the most predominant interference, power line interference, and maternal Electromyogram (EMG), baseline wander etc. Fetal Electrocardiogram signal features may not be readily comprehensible by the visual or auditory systems of a human. Therefore Fetal Electrocardiogram should be extracted from composite Abdominal Electrocardiogram for clinical diagnosis. There are many powerful and well advanced methods for this purpose. A methodological study has been carried out to show the effectiveness of various methods which helps in understanding of Fetal ECG signal and its analysis procedures by providing valuable information.
Early Induction of Polyfunctional Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Specific T Lymphocytes and Rapid Disappearance of SIV from Lymph Nodes of Sooty Mangabeys during Primary Infection

Although the cellular immune response is essential for controlling SIV replication in Asian macaques, its role in maintaining nonpathogenic SIV infection in natural hosts such as sooty mangabeys (SM) remains to be defined. We have previously shown that similar to rhesus macaques (RM), SM are able to mount a T lymphocyte response against SIV infection. To investigate early control of SIV replication in natural hosts, we performed a detailed characterization of SIV-specific cellular immunity and viral control in the first 6 mo following SIV infection in SM. Detection of the initial SIV-specific IFN-γ ELISPOT response in SIVsmE041-infected SM coincided temporally with a decline in peak plasma viremia and was similar in magnitude, specificity, and breadth to SIVsmE041-infected and SIVmac239-infected RM. Despite these similarities, SM showed a greater reduction in postpeak plasma viremia and a more rapid disappearance of productively SIV-infected cells from the lymph node compared with SIVmac239-infected RM. The early Gag-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response was significantly more polyfunctional in SM compared with RM, and granzyme B-positive CD8+ T lymphocytes were present at significantly higher frequencies in SM even prior to SIV infection. These findings suggest that the early SIV-specific T cell response may be an important determinant of lymphoid tissue viral clearance and absence of lymph node immunopathology in natural hosts of SIV infection.
Blautia faecis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.

A strictly anoxic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile Blautia-like bacterium, designated strain M25(T), was isolated from a human faecal sample. Strain M25(T) was negative for both catalase and oxidase activity, utilized carbohydrates as fermentable substrates, produced lactate and acetate as the major end products of glucose fermentation in PYG medium, and had a DNA G+C content of 41.6 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that strain M25(T) was closely related to Ruminococcus obeum ATCC 29174(T) (96.40 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Blautia glucerasea HFTH-1(T) (96.17 %) within the family Lachnospiraceae. Straight-chain saturated and monounsaturated cellular fatty acids were also detected, the majority being C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 0) dimethyl acetal acids. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics presented in this study, strain M25(T) represents a novel species within the genus Blautia for which the name Blautia faecis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M25(T) ( = KCTC 5980(T) = JCM 17205(T)).
Blood and Tissue Leukocyte Apoptosis in Trypanosoma brucei Infected Rats

Severity of disease in human African try- panosomiasis may be linked, as in other human protozoan infections, to apoptosis of host inflammatory cells during infection. The present study investigates the involvement of leukocyte apoptosis in Trypanosoma brucei infection of rodents. Twenty-seven Wistar rats were infected with 1 × 10 3 T. brucei and leukocyte apoptosis was evaluated by several methods. Apoptotic cell count was performed in blood, spleen, thymus, lymph node and liver during infections, using Light Microscopy (LM), agarose gel electrophoresis and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Blood and tissues leukocyte apoptosis in infected animals were confirmed by LM, TEM, and agarose gel electrophoresis, which showed low molecular weight DNA fragments. Infected rats sacrificed after day 8 PI showed sig- nificant increase in apoptotic cells in both blood ( p< 0.001) and spleen ( p< 0.05). Peak blood leukocyte apoptosis corresponded with peak parasitemia and the lowest total leukocyte count in all infected rats. Our data provide the first documentation of increased levels of blood leukocyte apoptosis during T. brucei infection. Apoptosis of blood cells during trypanosome infection may represent a putative mechanism for the severity of leukopenia and disease.
The Role of Informal Collectors of Recyclable Waste and Used Goods in Indonesia

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a problem in Indonesia, particularly in big cities, and is one of the most challenging urban issues for city administrators. Population growth and everincreasing activities in major cities mean the increase of waste generation and all the inherent consequences. It was estimated that of the entire urban wastes generated in 2006, at most only around 60% to 70% could be transported to final disposal by the institutions responsible for handling wastes. The community were expected to handle the rest themselves.
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) action in skeletal muscle via direct phosphorylation of PGC-1α

Activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle increases glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing gene expression in these pathways. However, the transcriptional components that are directly targeted by AMPK are still elusive. The peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) has emerged as a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis; furthermore, it has been shown that PGC-1α gene expression is induced by exercise and by chemical activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle. Using primary muscle cells and mice deficient in PGC-1α, we found that the effects of AMPK on gene expression of glucose transporter 4, mitochondrial genes, and PGC-1α itself are almost entirely dependent on the function of PGC-1α protein. Furthermore, AMPK phosphorylates PGC-1α directly both in vitro and in cells. These direct phosphorylations of the PGC-1α protein at threonine-177 and serine-538 are required for the PGC-1α-dependent induction of the PGC-1α promoter. These data indicate that AMPK phosphorylation of PGC-1α initiates many of the important gene regulatory functions of AMPK in skeletal muscle.
A new diagnostic scheme for disorders of behavior, emotion, and learning based on organism-environment interaction. Part I. Theory.

In part I of this paper (see p. 218 of this issue), a scheme was proposed for a dimensional analysis of the variables underlying psychopathological and learning disorders. Two types of nervous system handicap—aporia and diaphoria—and two loci of impairment—nonspecific and specific functions—were postulated to interact with environmental factors—ecopathy—in the genesis of pathology. ' Ecopathic factors alone were seen as capable of
Automatic generation of lexical exercises

We propose an approach towards automatic generation of lexical exercises for learners of English. The techniques and tools used for generation of five different exercise types are described. We provide examples and evaluate the quality of generated exercises. We also compare the exercises generated on the basis of two different corpora by conducting an experiment. In the experiment learners complete both automatically generated exercises and exercises from coursebooks, and the results reveal which corpus is better suited to the generation of exercises.
ETS-1-mediated Transcriptional Up-regulation of CD44 Is Required for Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor Subtype 3-stimulated Chemotaxis*

Background: S1P3-mediated chemotaxis plays a pivotal role in various physiological and pathophysiological activities. Results: S1P/S1P3 signaling activates ROCK/JNK/ETS-1/CD44 pathway, and inhibition of this pathway abrogates S1P3-stimulated chemotaxis. Conclusion: ETS-1/CD44 signaling mediates S1P/S1P3-regulated chemotaxis. Significance: Therapeutically manipulating S1P3-mediated chemotaxis requires a molecular understanding of its regulated signaling pathway. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-regulated chemotaxis plays critical roles in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. S1P-regulated chemotaxis is mediated by the S1P family of G-protein-coupled receptors. However, molecular details of the S1P-regulated chemotaxis are incompletely understood. Cultured human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines abundantly express S1P receptor subtype 3 (S1P3), thus providing a tractable in vitro system to characterize molecular mechanism(s) underlying the S1P3 receptor-regulated chemotactic response. S1P treatment enhances CD44 expression and induces membrane localization of CD44 polypeptides via the S1P3/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. Knockdown of CD44 completely diminishes the S1P-stimulated chemotaxis. Promoter analysis suggests that the CD44 promoter contains binding sites of the ETS-1 (v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1) transcriptional factor. ChIP assay confirms that S1P treatment stimulates the binding of ETS-1 to the CD44 promoter region. Moreover, S1P induces the expression and nuclear translocation of ETS-1. Knockdown of S1P3 or inhibition of ROCK abrogates the S1P-induced ETS-1 expression. Furthermore, knockdown of ETS-1 inhibits the S1P-induced CD44 expression and cell migration. In addition, we showed that S1P3/ROCK signaling up-regulates ETS-1 via the activity of JNK. Collectively, we characterized a novel signaling axis, i.e., ROCK-JNK-ETS-1-CD44 pathway, which plays an essential role in the S1P3-regulated chemotactic response.
Diabetes mellitus and cancer risk: Pooled analysis of eight cohort studies in Japan

Although a growing body of evidence suggests a link between diabetes and cancer, it is not clear whether diabetes independently increases the risk of cancer. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the association between pre‐existing diabetes and total and site‐specific cancer risk based on a pooled analysis of eight cohort studies in Japan (>330 000 subjects). We estimated a summary hazard ratio by pooling study‐specific hazard ratios for total and site‐specific cancer by using a random‐effects model. A statistically increased risk was observed for cancers at specific sites, such as colon (hazard ratio; HR = 1.40), liver (HR = 1.97), pancreas (HR = 1.85) and bile duct (HR = 1.66; men only). Increased risk was also suggested for other sites, and diabetes mellitus was associated with an overall 20% increased risk in total cancer incidence in the Japanese population. The association between these two diseases has important implications for reiterating the importance of controlling lifestyle factors and may suggest a possible strategy for cancer screening among patients with diabetes. Studies continuously investigating the risk factors for diabetes are also important.
Analysis of losses of permanent magnet synchronous motor with PWM supply

This paper investigates the additional losses introduced by PWM supply in surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). An analytical model is developed to discuss additional iron loss, and an analytical model of PM eddy current loss which according for eddy current reaction is also presented. Finite element method (FEM) are used to calculate the characteristic of additional losses distribution and the experiment results verify the conclusion. Both the FEM and experiment verified the relationship between the additional losses and PWM supply factors, such as modulation index, frequency-carrier ratio. The relationship between additional losses and current total harmonic distortion (THD) are studied by analytical analysis too.
Fault location in unearthed 60 kV subtransmission network based on the travelling wave method

In this paper a single-ended travelling wave-based fault location algorithm is presented with reference to HV (60 kV) overhead unearthed operated lines:the time-frequency characteristics of the travelling wave signal are processed by utilising the phase to modal transformation and the continuous wavelet one. The frequency components of the processed signals are used for the travelling wave speed calculation whereas the time components are used for determining the wave arrival times. The fault position is evaluated by combining these two aspects. The proposed approach has been tested in different conditions, in order to assess the method stability: it has been proven insensitive to the fault position, fault resistance and the fault inception angle.
Adults' use of health services in the year before death by suicide in Alberta.

BACKGROUND The suicide rate in Alberta is consistently above the Canadian average. Health care use profiles of those who die by suicide in Alberta are currently unknown. DATA AND METHODS Death records were selected for people aged 25 to 64 with suicide coded as the underlying cause of death from April 1, 2003 to March 31, 2006. The death records were linked to administrative records pertaining to physician visits, emergency department visits, inpatient hospital separations, and community mental health visits. The control group was the Alberta population aged 25 to 64 who did not die by suicide. Frequency estimates were produced to determine the characteristics of the study population. Odds ratios relating to demographics, exposure to health care services, and case-control status were estimated with logistic regression. RESULTS Almost 90% of suicides had a health service in the year before their death. Suicides averaged 16.6 visits per person, compared with 7.7 visits for non-suicides. Much of the health service use among people who died by suicide appears to have been driven by mental disorders. INTERPRETATION Information about health service delivery to those who die by suicide can guide prevention and intervention efforts.
Upack program package for crystal structure prediction: Force fields and crystal structure generation for small carbohydrate molecules

The Upack program package for crystal structure generation was used to build hypothetical crystal structures for 32 pyranoses and 24 polyalcohols. A subset of these was used to compare six force fields in their ability to reproduce the experimentally observed structures, preferably with low energies and high rankings with respect to the structure with lowest energy. One of these force fields, Unitat, was derived from Gromos87 by adjusting some parameters to obtain a better geometric description of these crystal structures. This united‐atom force field and the all‐atom Opls force field performed best, and were used in the crystal structure generation for the full set of compounds. For these carbohydrates, hundreds of hypothetical polymorphic structures are generated in an energy window of about 25 kJ/mol. On average, the experimental structures had reasonable energies and rankings. These lists are good starting points for more sophisticated calculations, and can be used for structure determination by powder diffraction methods. In a few cases, serious doubt was raised concerning the hydrogen‐bond network reported in the literature, for which more plausible alternatives appear to exist. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 799–812, 1999
Patient Specific Biomechanical Modeling of Hepatic Vasculature for Augmented Reality Surgery

Abstract. This paper describes the generation of a patient specific biomechanical model of hepatic vasculature from clinical CT images. Three dimensional region growing, thinning and skeletonization are used to obtain an accurate vascular model. Control points are employed to represent the geometrical characteristics of the vascular skeleton. The topological and geometrical information of the vasculature tree is represented using generalized cylinders. A nonlinear constitutive equation is used to represent the material properties of the vessels. The vascular material properties are also dependent on the patient’s age. The resultant biomechanical model is represented using VRML 2. We demonstrated the application of this model with a finite element simulation of a deformation due to the presence of a tumor. Keywords: Modeling, segmentation, constitutive equations, liver. 1 Introduction In augmented reality (AR) surgery, the surgeon is able to view the surgical plan that is overlaid on the surgical site using state-of-the-art interactive media and visualization technologies. However, the overlaid images are static models [1]. For example, the hepatic vasculature on the overlay plan will not deform when the liver is operated upon by the surgeon during surgery. A geometrical vasculature model or volume rendered image of the vasculature is incapable of realistic deformation. A patient specific biomechanical or physics based model is thus required [2], but there are many challenges in the creation of an accurate biomechanical model for AR surgery. The biomechanical model should accurately represent the geometrical and topological information of the patient’s hepatic vasculature. It should be a finite element (FE) model with appropriate nonlinear constitutive equations. For the model to be useful, the FE-based biomechanical model has to be computationally efficient so
Load Modulation of Harmonically Tuned Amplifiers and Application to Outphasing Systems

Modulation of load impedance is an effective way to maintain efficient power amplifier (PA) operation over high dynamic range modulated signals. For high efficiency, a load modulation approach can be applied to inherently efficient classes of PAs such as those with harmonic tuning: Class J, Class F, and Inverse Class F. This paper presents an analysis of harmonically tuned (HT) amplifiers operating under load modulation conditions, deriving the optimal loading trajectories for these multiple classes of operation. Because these load trajectories are complex, it is then shown—through a series of analysis, simulations, and measurements—that HT amplifiers are better suited for outphasing systems, than conventional amplifiers such as Class B. A design methodology is proposed and validated through design and measurement of a 900-MHz outphasing system, comprising of two Gallium Nitride Class J branch PAs, delivering 44.6 dBm with 75% PAE at saturation, while mantaining PAE above 60% over a 7-dB output power back-off.
5-Fluorouracil-Loaded BSA Nanoparticles: Formulation Optimization and In Vitro Release Study

Over the past few decades, there has been considerable interest in developing protein nanoparticles as drug delivery devices. The underlying rationale is their exceptional characteristics, namely biodegradability and nonantigenicity. Herein, phase separation method was used to prepare 5-fluorouracil-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles. Drug release was tracked by continuous flow dialysis technique. Effect of process variables on loading efficiency of 5-fluorouracil was investigated and optimized through Taguchi’s M16 design with the amount of entrapped drug as response. Optimum condition was found to be 2 mg/mL of 5-fluorouracil, 3.7 mL of added ethanol, 176 µL of glutaraldehyde, drug–protein incubation time of 30 min, and pH of 8.4 for 200 mg of BSA in 2 mL drug solution. pH had the most noticeable effect on the amount of entrapped drug, but glutaraldehyde had the least. Mean diameter and zeta potential of fabricated nanoparticles under these conditions were 210 nm and −31.7 mV, respectively. Drug-loaded BSA nanoparticles suspension maintained constant release of drug for 20 h under experimental conditions, so this colloidal drug carrier is capable of releasing drug in a sustained manner.