Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE SPACE WEATHER OF PROXIMA CENTAURI b

A planet orbiting in the “habitable zone” of our closest neighboring star, Proxima Centauri, has recently been discovered, and the next natural question is whether or not Proxima b is “habitable. ” Stellar winds are likely a source of atmospheric erosion that could be particularly severe in the case of M dwarf habitable zone planets that reside close to their parent star. Here, we study the stellar wind conditions that Proxima b experiences over its orbit. We construct 3D MHD models of the wind and magnetic field around Proxima Centauri using a surface magnetic field map for a star of the same spectral type and scaled to match the observed ∼600 G surface magnetic field strength of Proxima. We examine the wind conditions and dynamic pressure over different plausible orbits that sample the constrained parameters of the orbit of Proxima b. For all the parameter space explored, the planet is subject to stellar wind pressures of more than 2000 times those experienced by Earth from the solar wind. During an orbit, Proxima b is also subject to pressure changes of 1–3 orders of magnitude on timescales of a day. Its magnetopause standoff distance consequently undergoes sudden and periodic changes by a factor of 2–5. Proxima b will traverse the interplanetary current sheet twice each orbit, and likely crosses into regions of subsonic wind quite frequently. These effects should be taken into account in any physically realistic assessment or prediction of its atmospheric reservoir, characteristics, and loss.
The Potentials and Pitfalls of the “Virtual Turn”

As the last two and a half years have made abundantly clear, we are ever more living in a world shaped by the virtual, so much so that we scholars can begin to consider ourselves deep in the midst of an epistemological and methodological “virtual turn. ” As part of this new focus on the virtual, African Studies scholars, together with our counterparts in other disciplines, have been talking through the new opportunities for knowledge production created by this expanding virtual world and have been developing innovative methodologies for creating and using new digital sources. A great deal of attention has been focused, and rightly so, on the broadening of research access that digitization can provide. It has indeed served to democratize the process of “doing” research, as scholars no longer necessarily need to go the sources, but rather the sources can more easily come to them. Yet, even with all this attention to virtuality, social media—such an incredibly potent sociocultural/sociopolitical force—has received less consistent and less systematic scholarly focus, despite the tremendous potentials (andpitfalls) that it offers for the development of scholarship andof scholarly community. The “virtual turn” invites us to work with new ways of being and knowing, and at the most fundamental level, taking social media as a source base introduces new perspectives and fresh topics to African Studies. Across various social media platforms, scholars can follow the voices of ordinary people, which might not have otherwise been heard, virtually in real time. Social media platforms can function virtually as expansive archives, as significant repositories of discourse and imagery generated across all sectors of society. And socialmedia can offer spaces for a new sort of ethnographic work where the researcher’s “deep hanging out” (Geertz 1998) takes place virtually on Facebook, rather than in “the field. ”
Entanglement spectrum of one-dimensional extended Bose-Hubbard models

The entanglement spectrum provides crucial information about correlated quantum systems. We show that the study of the blocklike nature of the reduced density matrix in number sectors and the partition dependence of the spectrum in finite systems leads to interesting unexpected insights, which we illustrate for the case of a one-dimensional extended Hubbard model. We show that block symmetry provides an intuitive understanding of the spectral double degeneracy of the Haldane insulator, which is remarkably maintained at low on-site interaction, where triple or higher site occupation is significant and particle-hole symmetry is broken. Moreover, surprisingly, the partition dependence of the spectral degeneracy in the Haldane insulator, and of a partial degeneracy in the Mott insulator, is directly linked to the, in principle unrelated, density-density correlations, and presents an intriguing periodic behavior in superfluid and supersolid phases.
Analogical Problem Solving by Adaptation of Schemes

We present a computational approach to the acquisition of problem schemes by learning by doing and to their application in analogical problem solving. Our work has its background in automatic program construction and relies on the concept of recursive program schemes. In contrast to the usual approach to cognitive modelling where computational models are designed to t speciic data we propose a framework to describe certain empirically established characteristics of human problem solving and learning in a uniform and formally sound way.
On the prior dependence of constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio

We investigate the prior dependence of constraints on cosmic tensor perturbations. Commonly imposed is the strong prior of the single-field inflationary consistency equation, relating the tensor spectral index nT to the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. Dropping it leads to significantly different constraints on nT, with both positive and negative values allowed with comparable likelihood, and substantially increases the upper limit on r on scales k = 0.01 Mpc-1 to 0.05 Mpc-1, by a factor of ten or more. Even if the consistency equation is adopted, a uniform prior on r on one scale does not correspond to a uniform one on another; constraints therefore depend on the pivot scale chosen. We assess the size of this effect and determine the optimal scale for constraining the tensor amplitude, both with and without the consistency relation.
Managing paradoxes in bi‐modal information technology functions: A multi‐case study

Leveraging digital technologies is a major concern for companies and has significant implications for their information technology (IT) functions. In many cases, a bi‐modal IT function is established: a ‘traditional IT’ mode focusing on the stability and exploitation of existing IT resources and an ‘agile IT’ mode focusing on exploring new technologies. Whereas previous research has predominantly taken an organisational‐level view of bi‐modal IT by treating it as a single, aggregated entity, we provide a micro‐foundations perspective on the intricate and paradoxical interrelationships between the two IT modes. Based on a multi‐case study with companies from different industries and of varying sizes, we uncover nine core tensions between traditional IT and agile IT as manifestations of five underlying paradoxes. We also identify corresponding management practices to address these tensions and paradoxes. Our study contributes to Information Systems research by disaggregating bi‐modal IT and capturing the tensions and their underlying paradoxes at the organisational and individual levels that bi‐modal IT entails. By highlighting the intricate interdependencies between the traditional and agile IT modes, we show that bi‐modal IT can be messier and more contested than previously anticipated. For practitioners, our study offers an overview of paradoxes and tensions that may arise in bi‐modal IT settings and provides suggestions on how to manage them.
Broad Leaves in Strong Flow

Flexible broad leaves are thought to reconfigure in the wind and water to reduce the drag forces that act upon them. Simple mathematical models of a flexible beam immersed in a two-dimensional flow will also exhibit this behavior. What is less understood is how the mechanical properties of a leaf in a three-dimensional flow will passively allow roll up into a cone shape and reduce both drag and vortex induced oscillations. In this fluid dynamics video, the flows around the leaves are compared with those of simplified sheets using 3D numerical simulations and physical models. For some reconfiguration shapes, large forces and oscillations due to strong vortex shedding are produced. In the actual leaf, a stable recirculation zone is formed within the wake of the reconfigured cone. In physical and numerical models that reconfigure into cones, a similar recirculation zone is observed with both rigid and flexible tethers. These results suggest that the three-dimensional cone structure in addition to flexibility is significant to both the reduction of vortex-induced vibrations and the forces experienced by the leaf.
FCC 35 and Its H I Companion: Multiwavelength Observations and Interpretation

The Fornax Cluster galaxy FCC 35 shows an unusual multiply peaked integrated H I profile. We have now observed FCC 35 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and have found a compact H I source with MHI = 2.2 × 108 M☉ and a spatially overlapping complex of H I gas with the same mass. By combining optical observations with the H I data, we are able to identify FCC 35 as a young compact source of star formation with a nearby intergalactic H I cloud that is devoid of stars. We classify FCC 35 as a blue compact dwarf or H II galaxy, having large amounts of neutral hydrogen, very blue colors (U - V = 0.1), and a low-metallicity spectrum with strong narrow emission lines. Together with the presence of the H I cloud, this suggests that FCC 35 is the result of a recent interaction within the Fornax Cluster.
Rigorous numerical study of strong microwave photon-magnon coupling in all-dielectric magnetic multilayers

We demonstrate theoretically a ∼350-fold local enhancement of the intensity of the in-plane microwave magnetic field in multilayered structures made from a magneto-insulating yttrium iron garnet (YIG) layer sandwiched between two non-magnetic layers with a high dielectric constant matching that of YIG. The enhancement is predicted for the excitation regime when the microwave magnetic field is induced inside the multilayer by the transducer of a stripline Broadband Ferromagnetic Resonance (BFMR) setup. By means of a rigorous numerical solution of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation consistently with the Maxwell's equations, we investigate the magnetisation dynamics in the multilayer. We reveal a strong photon-magnon coupling, which manifests itself as anti-crossing of the ferromagnetic resonance magnon mode supported by the YIG layer and the electromagnetic resonance mode supported by the whole multilayered structure. The frequency of the magnon mode depends on the external static magnetic field, which in our case is applied tangentially to the multilayer in the direction perpendicular to the microwave magnetic field induced by the stripline of the BFMR setup. The frequency of the electromagnetic mode is independent of the static magnetic field. Consequently, the predicted photon-magnon coupling is sensitive to the applied magnetic field and thus can be used in magnetically tuneable metamaterials based on simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability achievable thanks to the YIG layer. We also suggest that the predicted photon-magnon coupling may find applications in microwave quantum information systems.
BERT-Based Hybrid RNN Model for Multi-class Text Classification to Study the Effect of Pre-trained Word Embeddings

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic which started in the year 2020, many nations had imposed lockdown to curb the spread of this virus. People have been sharing their experiences and perspectives on social media on the lockdown situation. This has given rise to increased number of tweets or posts on social media. Multi-class text classification, a method of classifying a text into one of the pre-defined categories, is one of the effective ways to analyze such data that is implemented in this paper. A Covid-19 dataset is used in this work consisting of fifteen pre-defined categories. This paper presents a multi-layered hybrid model, LSTM followed by GRU, to integrate the benefits of both the techniques. The advantages of word embeddings techniques like GloVe and BERT have been implemented and found that, for three epochs, the transfer learning based pre-trained BERT-hybrid model performs one percent better than GloVe-hybrid model but the state-of-the-art, fine-tuned BERT-base model outperforms the BERT-hybrid model by three percent, in terms of validation loss. It is expected that, over a larger number of epochs, the hybrid model might outperform the fine-tuned model. © 2022,International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. All Rights Reserved.
FRAGMENTATION KINEMATICS IN COMET 332P/IKEYA–MURAKAMI

We present initial time-resolved observations of the split comet 332P/Ikeya–Murakami taken using the Hubble Space Telescope. Our images reveal a dust-bathed cluster of fragments receding from their parent nucleus at projected speeds in the range 0.06–3.5 m s−1 from which we estimate ejection times from 2015 October to December. The number of fragments with effective radii m follows a differential power law with index γ = −3.6 ± 0.6, while smaller fragments are less abundant than expected from an extrapolation of this power law. We argue that, in addition to losses due to observational selection, torques from anisotropic outgassing are capable of destroying the small fragments by driving them quickly to rotational instability. Specifically, the spin-up times of fragments m in radius are shorter than the time elapsed since ejection from the parent nucleus. The effective radius of the parent nucleus is 275 m (geometric albedo 0.04 assumed). This is about seven times smaller than previous estimates and results in a nucleus mass at least 300 times smaller than previously thought. The mass in solid pieces, , is about 4% of the mass of the parent nucleus. As a result of its small size, the parent nucleus also has a short spin-up time. Brightness variations in time-resolved nucleus photometry are consistent with rotational instability playing a role in the release of fragments.
Cosmology in two dimensions: the concentration–mass relation for galaxy clusters

The aim of this work is to perform a systematic study of the measures of the mass and concentration estimated by tting the convergence prole of a large sample of mock galaxy cluster size lenses, created with the publicly available code MOKA. We found that the main contribution to the bias in mass and in concentration is due to the halo triaxiality and second to the presence of substructures within the host halo virial radius. We show that knowing the cluster elongation along the line of sight helps in correcting the mass bias, but still keeps a small negative bias for the concentration. If these mass and concentration biases will characterize the galaxy cluster sample of a wide eld survey it will be dicult to well recover within one
(ren) of the quantized fields in the Unruh state in the Schwarzschild space-time

The renormalized expectation value of the stress-energy tensor of the conformally invariant massless fields in the Unruh state in Schwarzschild spacetime is constructed. It is achieved through solving the conservation equation in the optical space with a polynomial ansatz, utilizing the regularity conditions and expected asymptotic behavior of the stress-energy tensor in a physical metric, and performing a fit to the results of the numerical calculations. It is shown that the adopted method, which is based on the conformal transformations of the one-loop effective action, is complementary to that of Visser.
Photometric Calibration of the Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope for Its First Six Months of Operation on the Lunar Surface

We describe the photometric calibration of the Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT), the first robotic astronomical telescope working on the lunar surface, for its first six months of operation on the lunar surface. Two spectral datasets (set A and B) from near-ultraviolet (NUV) to the optical band were constructed with 44 International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) standards, because of the LUT's relatively wide wavelength coverage. Set A was obtained by extrapolating the IUE NUV spectra (λ < 3200 Å) to the optical band based upon the theoretical spectra of stellar atmosphere models. Set B was composed of theoretical spectra from 2000 Å to 8000 Å extracted from the same model grid. In total, seven standards have been observed in 15 observational runs until May 2014. The calibration results show that the photometric performance of LUT is highly stable in its first six months of operation. The magnitude zero points obtained from the two spectral datasets are also consistent with each other, i.e., zp = 17.54 ± 0.09 mag (set A) and zp = 17.52 ± 0.07 mag (set B).
Context-dependent bisimulation between processes

In recent years several equivalences between nondeterministic and concurrent processes have been proposed in order to capture different notions of the extensional behaviour of a process. Usually the equivalences are congruences wrt. the process constructing operations in order to support hierarchic development and verification of systems. With the purpose of achieving more flexible hierarchic development methods we suggest parameterizing the equivalences with information about contexts. We carry this suggestion out in full for the bisimulation equivalence, which we parameterize with a special type of context information called environments. The resulting parameterized equivalence is shown to have a large number of pleasant properties including a useful characterization of the information ordering on environments and a construction for producing the maximal environment identifying any two given processes. Eased on an investigation of how contexts transform environments it is shown how to reduce parameterized equivalence problems over composite processes to parameterized equivalence problems involving only the inner components of the processes. These results constitute the main tools provided by this thesis for hierarchic verification of systems. All the results obtained for the parameterized bisimulation equivalence are extended to a similarly parameterized version of weak bisimulation equiyalence. A worked example demonstrates the use of these extensions in correctness proofs. 1
Gaseous spiral structure and mass drift in spiral galaxies

We use hydrodynamic simulations to investigate nonlinear gas responses to an imposed stellar spiral potential in disk galaxies. The gaseous medium is assumed to be infinitesimally thin, isothermal, and unmagnetized. We consider various spiral-arm models with differing strength and pattern speed. We find that the extent and shapes of gaseous arms as well as the related mass drift rate depend rather sensitively on the arm pattern speed. In models where the arm pattern is rotating slow, the gaseous arms extend across the corotation resonance (CR) all the way to the outer boundary, with a pitch angle slightly smaller than that of the stellar counterpart. In models with a fast rotating pattern, on the other hand, spiral shocks are much more tightly wound than the stellar arms, and cease to exist in the regions near and outside the CR where $\mathcal{M}_\perp/{\rm sin} p_* \ge 25-40$, with $\mathcal{M}_\perp$ denoting the perpendicular Mach number of a rotating gas relative to the arms with pitch angle $p_*$. Inside the CR, the arms drive mass inflows at a rate of $\sim 0.05-3.0 {\rm M}_\odot {\rm yr}^{-1}$ to the central region, with larger values corresponding to stronger and slower arms. The contribution of the shock dissipation, external torque, and self-gravitational torque to the mass inflow is roughly 50%, 40%, and 10%, respectively. We demonstrate that the distributions of line-of-sight velocities and spiral-arm densities can be a useful diagnostic tool to distinguish if the spiral pattern is rotating fast or slow.
THEORETICAL ESTIMATES OF TWO-POINT SHEAR CORRELATION FUNCTIONS USING TANGLED MAGNETIC FIELDS

The existence of primordial magnetic fields can induce matter perturbations with additional power at small scales as compared to the usual ΛCDM model. We study its implication within the context of a two-point shear correlation function from gravitational lensing. We show that a primordial magnetic field can leave its imprints on the shear correlation function at angular scales ≲ a few arcminutes. The results are compared with CFHTLS data, which yield some of the strongest known constraints on the parameters (strength and spectral index) of the primordial magnetic field. We also discuss the possibility of detecting sub-nano Gauss fields using future missions such as SNAP.
Optical Biopsy using a neural network to predict functional state from photos of wounds

Background The clinical characterization of the functional status of active wounds remains a considerable challenge that at present, requires excision of a tissue biopsy. In this pilot study, we use a convolutional Siamese neural network architecture to predict the functional state of a wound using digital photographs of wounds in a canine model of volumetric muscle loss (VML). Materials and Methods Images of volumetric muscle loss injuries and tissue biopsies were obtained in a canine model of VML. Gene expression profiles for each image were obtained using RNAseq. These profiles were then converted to functional profiles using a manual review of validated gene ontology databases. A Siamese neural network was trained to regress functional profile expression values as a function of the data contained in an extracted image segment showing the surface of a small tissue biopsy. Network performance was assessed in a test set of images using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Results The network was able to predict the functional expression of a range of functions based with a MAPE ranging from ∼5% to ∼50%, with functions that are most closely associated with the early-state of wound healing to be those best-predicted. Conclusions These initial results suggest promise for further research regarding this novel use of ML regression on medical images. The regression of functional profiles, as opposed to specific genes, both addresses the challenge of genetic redundancy and gives a deeper insight into the mechanistic configuration of a region of tissue in wounds. As this preliminary study focuses on the first 14 days of wound healing, future work will focus on extending the training data to include longer time periods which would result in additional functions, such as tissue remodeling, having a larger presence in the training data.