Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operations, Methods and Algorithm for Quasi-Optimal Clustering in the Problem of Preprocessing of Aerospace Earth Images

This paper considers operations on pixel clusters, image segments; methods of intermediate quality improvement of a given partition and algorithm for generating a hierarchical sequence of piecewise-constant partitions of the original image. The algorithm utilizes total squared error E or standard deviation σ to assess the partition quality. The basis of software-algorithmic toolkit are four operations on pixel clusters and image segments: "merge"–merging the pair of clusters into one, "divide"–dividing cluster into two source ones, "split"–selecting a subset of pixels into a separate cluster and "correct"–reclassifying parts of pixels by excluding them from one cluster and assigning them to another. A coarse hierarchy of clusters (segments) is constructed using the "merge" and "divide" operations. The pair of "split" and "correct" operations modifies an existing hierarchy. The combination of "merge" and "divide" operations forms SI-method for quality improvement of the image partition. SI-method executes as long as there is a triple of segments, the separation of one of which and combination of two other is accompanied by decrease of standard deviation. The "correct" operation generates K-meanless method – the extension of K-means method. K-meanless method redistributes groups of pixels from cluster to cluster until this process reduces the overall value of standard deviation. Aerospace Earth images, including full-dimension, from SIPI USC open international database were used to test run the proposed quasi-optimal clustering algorithm in segmentation and clustering modes. It has been established that clustering in comparison with segmentation gives significantly more accurate results, both in visual perception and in the standard deviation value.
The functional repertoire of rabbit antibodies and antibody discovery via next-generation sequencing

To gain insight into the functional antibody repertoire of rabbits, the VH and VL repertoires of bone marrow (BM) and spleen (SP) of a naïve New Zealand White rabbit (NZW; Oryctolagus cuniculus) and that of lymphocytes collected from a NZW rabbit immunized (IM) with a 16-mer peptide were deep-sequenced. Two closely related genes, IGHV1S40 (VH1a3) and IGHV1S45 (VH4), were found to dominate (~90%) the VH repertoire of BM and SP, whereas, IGHV1S69 (VH1a1) contributed significantly (~40%) to IM. BM and SP antibodies recombined predominantly with IGHJ4. A significant proportion (~30%) of IM sequences recombined with IGHJ2. The VK repertoire was encoded by nine IGKV genes recombined with one IGKJ gene, IGKJ1. No significant bias in the VK repertoire of the BM, SP and IM samples was observed. The complementarity-determining region (CDR)-H3 and -L3 length distributions were similar in the three samples following a Gaussian curve with average length of 12.2 ± 2.4 and 11.1 ± 1.1 amino acids, respectively. The amino acid composition of the predominant CDR-H3 and -L3 loop lengths was similar to that of humans and mice, rich in Tyr, Gly, Ser and, in some specific positions, Asp. The average number of mutations along the IGHV/KV genes was similar in BM, SP and IM; close to 12 and 15 mutations for VH and VL, respectively. A monoclonal antibody specific for the peptide used as immunogen was obtained from the IM rabbit. The CDR-H3 sequence was found in 1,559 of 61,728 (2.5%) sequences, at position 10, in the rank order of the CDR-H3 frequencies. The CDR-L3 was found in 24 of 11,215 (0.2%) sequences, ranking 102. No match was found in the BM and SP samples, indicating positive selection for the hybridoma sequence. Altogether, these findings lay foundations for engineering of rabbit V regions to enhance their potential as therapeutics, i.e., design of strategies for selection of specific rabbit V regions from NGS data mining, humanization and design of libraries for affinity maturation campaigns.
Sensor-less algorithm for a hysteresis current controlled VSI fed PMSM drive

Sensor-less drives with fast dynamic performance are solutions that attract interest of world wide researchers. They can satisfy requirements of critical drive applications with lesser sensed quantities. Permanent magnet motors, due to their higher efficiency and power density, are being used in many applications that demands high performance. This paper put forward the combination of EKF algorithm and hysteresis current controller to satisfactorily meet the requirements of such applications using a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor drive.
Dual SPDT/SP3T SOI CMOS switch adopting alternative bias strategy with enhanced performance compared to the conventional case

A dual single-pole double-throw (SPDT) / single-pole three throw (SP3T) distribution switch without the employment of negative voltage generator (NVG) for multi-mode multi-band applications has been designed and fabricated in a 0.18 μm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS process. To reduce power dissipation and prevent the noise from affecting the RF signal, an alternative bias strategy driven only by the positive voltage generator (PVG) is presented. Besides, LC impedance matching network are designed in both series and shunt branch to improve the insertion loss (IL) and isolation, respectively. For comparing the potential performance distinction, a switch version with conventional negative bias method is also implemented, which shows an IL of 0.41/0.65 dB and minimum isolation of 26.9/23.6 dB at 0.9/1.9 GHz, respectively. The presented switch adopting alternative bias scheme achieves improved IL of 0.37/0.53 dB and minimum isolation of 24.2/32.5 dB at 0.9/1.9 GHz, respectively. Both cases reveal comparative power handling capability and harmonic performance, while the active current consumption in the stand-by mode is significantly reduced with the new bias strategy.
The Glial Design of a Teleost Optic Nerve Head Supporting Continuous Growth

This study demonstrates the peculiarities of the glial organization of the optic nerve head (ONH) of a fish, the tench (Tinca tinca), by using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. We employed antibodies specific for the macroglial cells: glutamine synthetase (GS), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and S100. We also used the N518 antibody to label the new ganglion cells' axons, which are continuously added to the fish retina, and the anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody to specifically locate dividing cells. We demonstrate a specific regional adaptation of the GS-S100-positive Müller cells' vitreal processes around the optic disc, strongly labeled with the anti-GFAP antibody. In direct contact with these Müller cells' vitreal processes, there are S100-positive astrocytes and S100-negative cells ultrastructurally identified as microglial cells. Moreover, a population of PCNA-positive cells, characterized as glioblasts, forms the limit between the retina and the optic nerve in a region homologous to the Kuhnt intermediary tissue of mammals. Finally, in the intraocular portion of the optic nerve there are differentiating oligodendrocytes arranged in rows. Both the glioblasts and the rows of developing cells could serve as a pool of glial elements for the continuous growth of the visual system.
Sources of longitudinal variability in optical coherence tomography nerve-fibre layer measurements

Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the day-to-day reproducibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT; StratusOCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) measurements of retinal nerve-fibre layer (RNFL) measurements at time points 1 year apart. Methods: One eye in each of 11 healthy subjects was examined using the StratusOCT fast RNFL scan protocol. Three fast RNFL scans with signal strength ⩾7 were obtained on each of 3 days within a month. This protocol was repeated after 12 months. A linear mixed effects model fitted to the nested data was used to compute the variance components. Results: The square root of the variance component that was attributed to the differences between subjects was 7.17 μm in 2005 and 7.28 μm in 2006. The square roots of the variance component due to differences between days within a single subject were 1.95 μm and 1.50 μm, respectively, and for within day within a single subject were 2.51 μm and 2.55 μm, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences for any variance component between the two testing occasions. Conclusions: Measurement error variance remains similar from year to year. Day and scan variance component values obtained in a cohort study may be safely applied for prediction of long-term reproducibility.
Region growing based high brightness skin detection

Skin color detection in a high illuminated region is a difficulty on skin-color-based segmentation, for there is little difference between the distribution of skin color pixels and that of non-skin color pixels. To improve skin color segmentation performance, a novel skin color detection method for the high brightness region is proposed in this paper. Based on the principle of brightness and spatial continuality of the skin region, a region growing algorithm is developed to help detecting high brightness skin color pixels. A two-stage skin segmentation scheme is then developed. Experimental results have proved the proposed algorithm can more precisely detect the high illumination skin color.
Revertant analysis of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Newcastle disease virus with defective glycoproteins: implication of the fusion glycoprotein in cell killing and isolation of a neuraminidase-deficient hemagglutinating virus

Biological and molecular properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant (C1) of Newcastle disease virus and its revertants were analyzed. C1 exhibited three temperature-sensitive alterations (plaque formation, virion assembly, and cytopathogenicity) and several defects which were also present at the permissive temperature. C1 virions contained low amounts of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycopeptides and consequently were deficient in hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities. These virions also contained defective fusion glycoproteins which rendered them poorly hemolytic and slow to penetrate cultured chicken embryo cells. The biological activities of the membrane glycoproteins were recovered sequentially in a series of plaque-forming revertants. The coreversion of hemolysis, membrane-penetrating activities, and cytopathogenicity in the first-step revertant (S1) suggested that fusion glycoproteins were major contributors to cellular destruction. This revertant also provided evidence of a role for fusion glycoproteins in virion assembly. From S1 we isolated a large-plaque-forming revertant (L1) that assembled wild-type amounts of biologically active hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoproteins into virions. Although it was normal for hemagglutination, L1 had less than 3% of the neuraminidase activity of the wild type, demonstrating that these two activities can be uncoupled genetically. The neuraminidase deficiency of L1 did not impair its virulence in ovo or its reproduction in cultured cells.
A Novel Microarray Biclustering Algorithm

— Biclustering aims at identifying several biclusters that reveal potential local patterns from a microarray matrix. A bicluster is a sub-matrix of the microarray consisting of only a subset of genes co-regulates in a subset of conditions. In this study, we extend the motif of subspace clustering to present a K -biclusters clustering (KBC) algorithm for the microarray biclustering issue. Besides minimizing the dissimilarities between genes and bicluster centers within all biclusters, the objective function of the KBC algorithm additionally takes into account how to minimize the residues within all biclusters based on the mean square residue model. In addition, the objective function also maximizes the entropy of conditions to stimulate more conditions to contribute the identification of biclusters. The KBC algorithm adopts the K -means type clustering process to efficiently make the partition of K biclusters be optimized. A set of experiments on a practical microarray dataset are demonstrated to show the performance of the proposed KBC algorithm.
Directional MAC Protocol for Millimeter Wave based Wireless Personal Area Networks

Recently, up to 7 GHz license-free spectrum around 60 GHz has been allocated worldwide for high data rate wireless communications. This enables the deployment of WPANs at 60 GHz for short-range multimedia applications up to gigabits per second. In this paper we propose a new scheme to increase the efficiency of MAC layer protocol for WPANs at 60 GHz when directional antennas are used. Our scheme is based on an adaptation of the current IEEE 15.3 standard MAC protocol for WPANs on two aspects. Firstly, we propose a rate-adaptation based scheme to coordinate the directional and omni-directional transmissions in WPANs. Secondly, we propose a novel channel time allocation algorithm, which enables spatial reuse TDMA. The analytical results reveal that our algorithm significantly increases the system capacity.
Metabolic model for glycogen‐accumulating organisms in anaerobic/aerobic activated sludge systems

Glycogen‐accumulating organisms (GAO) have the potential to directly compete with polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAO) in EBPR systems as both are able to take up VFA anaerobically and grow on the intracellular storage products aerobically. Under anaerobic conditions GAO hydrolyse glycogen to gain energy and reducing equivalents to take up VFA and to synthesise polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). In the subsequent aerobic stage, PHA is being oxidised to gain energy for glycogen replenishment (from PHA) and for cell growth. This article describes a complete anaerobic and aerobic model for GAO based on the understanding of their metabolic pathways. The anaerobic model has been developed and reported previously, while the aerobic metabolic model was developed in this study. It is based on the assumption that acetyl‐CoA and propionyl‐CoA go through the catabolic and anabolic processes independently. Experimental validation shows that the integrated model can predict the anaerobic and aerobic results very well. It was found in this study that at pH 7 the maximum acetate uptake rate of GAO was slower than that reported for PAO in the anaerobic stage. On the other hand, the net biomass production per C‐mol acetate added is about 9% higher for GAO than for PAO. This would indicate that PAO and GAO each have certain competitive advantages during different parts of the anaerobic/aerobic process cycle. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 81: 92–105, 2003.
Species and endosymbiont diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on vegetable crops in Senegal

Bemisia tabaci‐transmitted geminiviruses are one of the major threats on cassava and vegetable crops in Africa. However, to date, few studies are available on the diversity of B. tabaci and their associated endosymbionts in Africa. More than 28 species have been described in the complex of B. tabaci cryptic species; among them, 2 are invasive pests worldwide: MED and MEAM1. In order to assess the species diversity of B. tabaci in vegetable crops in Senegal, several samplings in different localities, hosts and seasons were collected and analyzed with nuclear (microsatellite) and mitochondrial (COI) markers. The bacterial endosymbiont community was also studied for each sample. Two species were detected: MED Q1 and MEAM1 B. Patterns of MED Q1 (dominance on most of the samples and sites, highest nuclear and mitochondrial diversity and broader secondary endosymbiont community: Hamiltonella, Cardinium, Wolbachia and Rickettsia), point toward a predominant resident begomovirus vector group for MED Q1 on market gardening crops. Furthermore, the lower prevalence of the second species MEAM1 B, its lower nuclear and mitochondrial diversity and a narrower secondary endosymbiont community (Hamiltonella/Rickettsia), indicate that this genetic group is exotic and results from a recent invasion in this area.
The role of sympathy on avoidance intention toward persons living with HIV/AIDS in Jamaica

Abstract As the number of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) continues to increase in Jamaica, concerns of attitudes become more important. As such, the objective of the present study is to examine the attitudes of university students in Jamaica toward PLWHA including sympathy and avoidance intentions. A large sample of university students (N=1,252) was surveyed between June 2001 and February 2002 using a 193-item questionnaire that measured HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Results revealed that less than half of the students reported sympathetic attitudes toward homosexual males or female prostitutes living with HIV/AIDS (41% and 44%, respectively) while the majority reported sympathetic attitudes toward heterosexual males and non-prostitute females living with the disease (67% and 81%, respectively). Most students (80%) reported no avoidance intentions toward family members or friends living with the disease. Sympathy, HIV knowledge, education and awareness were associated with no avoidance intention of HIV-positive family members and friends. These findings suggest that sympathy could be important in improving prosocial intentions toward PLWHA and warrants further research.
Multiparty Comparison - An Improved Multiparty Protocol for Comparison of Secret-shared Values

Multiparty computation is a computation between multiple players which want to compute a common function based on private input. It was first proposed over 20 years ago and has since matured into a well established science. The goal of this thesis has been to develop efficient protocols for different operations used in multiparty computation and to propose uses for multiparty computation in real world systems. This thesis therefore gives the reader an overview of multiparty computation from the simplest primitives to the current state of software frameworks for multiparty computation, and provides ideas for future applications. Included in this thesis is a proposed model of multiparty computation based on a model of communication complexity. This model provides a good foundation for the included papers and for measuring the efficiency of multiparty computation protocols. In addition to this model, a more practical approach is also included, which examines different secret sharing schemes and how they are used as building blocks for basic multiparty computation operations. This thesis identifies five basic multiparty computation operations: sharing, recombining, addition, multiplication and negation, and shows how these five operations can be used to create more complex operations. In particular two operations “less-than” and “bitwise decomposition” are examined in detail in the included papers. “less-than” performs the “<” operator on two secret shared values with a secret shared result and “bitwise decomposition” takes a secret shared value and transforms it into a vector of secret shared bitwise values. The overall goal of this thesis has been to create efficient methods for multiparty computation so that it might be used for practical applications in the future.
Effect of periodontal treatment on the protein composition of whole and parotid saliva.

Cystatins are physiological inhibitors of cysteine proteinases and widely distributed in human tissues and fluids including saliva. Cystatins S, SA, SN, and D are only found in glandular saliva and tear fluid whereas cystatin C has been detected in all tested biological fluids. Previous studies demonstrated that total cystatin activity and cystatin C concentration were highest in whole and parotid saliva of periodontitis patients compared to healthy subjects suggesting a response of the salivary glands to an inflammatory condition of the oral cavity. Based on these results we studied a possible change in the concentration of cystatin S, cystatin C, albumin, IgA, amylase activity, and cystatin activity in a whole and parotid saliva of 20 periodontitis patients as a consequence of periodontal treatment. Saliva samples were quantified for cystatins S and C, albumin, and IgA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Amylase was determined in an activity assay and total cystatin activity was measured towards pa-pain. The clinical condition of the subjects improved significantly after 6 months of periodontal therapy whereas biochemical analyses of whole and parotid saliva indicated that significant changes in salivary protein composition occurred only in whole saliva. Total cystatin activity (P < 0.05) and cystatin C concentration (P < 0.05) of whole saliva samples collected after periodontal treatment decreased to normal healthy control values. Further, concentrations of cystatin S were unchanged during the periodontal treatment process. These results suggest that other sources of cystatins than the parotid gland i.e.; other salivary glands or crevicular fluid, are involved in the decrease of total cystatin activity in whole saliva after periodontal treatment.
University of Groningen Muon counting using silicon photomultipliers in the AMIGA detector of the Pierre Auger observatory Aab

AMIGA (Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array) is an upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory designed to extend its energy range of detection and to directly measure the muon content of the cosmic ray primary particle showers. The array will be formed by an infill of surface water-Cherenkov detectors associated with buried scintillation counters employed for muon counting. Each counter is composed of three scintillation modules, with a 10m2 detection area per module. In this paper, a new generation of detectors, replacing the current multi-pixel photomultiplier tube (PMT) with silicon photo sensors (aka. SiPMs), is proposed. The selection of the new device and its front-end electronics is explained. A method to calibrate the counting system that ensures the performance of the detector is detailed. This method has the advantage of being able to be carried out in a remote place such as the one where the detectors are deployed. High efficiency results, i.e. 98% efficiency for the highest tested overvoltage, combined with a low probability of accidental counting (∼2%), show a promising performance for this new system.