Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction of plant high-frequency RNAi vector containing inverse-repeat terminator

Here we reported a vector, pMOG-DNOS, which contains a 35S promoter, a targeting gene GUS and an inverse-repeat sequence of NOS terminator in 3′ untranslated region. The idea of constructing this kind of vector is based on the recent progress in RNAi research. Transformation tests was carried out with oilseed rape (Brassica napus cv Westar). According to the X-Gluc staining result, for 360 transgenic plants of pMOG-DNOS, GUS was expressed strongly in 6 plants, weakly in 3 plants and negatively in 351 plants. Furthermore, ten of X-Gluc staining negative plants were random selected for transgene NPTII and GUS analysis by PCR. The result suggested that T-DNA was integrated in the genomes in all of selected plants. All of the analysis explained that the expression of GUS gene was suppressed in transgenic plants and vector pMOG-DNOS may use to gene function research by RNAi.
Power Durability of SAW Devices

We present an analytical method of stress and strain in a SAW resonator. This can calculate the real values of the stress and strain at each precise point over the resonator for any driving condition and frequency To represent the SAW resonator, we use the Mason’s equivalent circuit model which has mechanical ports and electrical ports. The acoustic voltage Vm and current Im of the mechanical port at the observation point are obtained as a function of the F-matrices and the electrical driving condition as well as driving frequency. Then Partial Wave Theory relates Vm and Im to all mechanical components and their real values. We analyzed a SAW duplexer consisting of ladder filters with several 1-port resonators. The induced strain intensities in the resonators vary 2-3 times with driving frequency and terminating condition. And SAW intensity distributions in the resonators were also analyzed and compared with the filter after an acceleration durability test.
Chapter 2 Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping in Plants : Concepts and Approaches

The narrow genetic base of modern crop cultivars is a serious obstacle to sustain and improve crop productivity due to rapidly occurring vulnerability of genetically uniform cultivars to potentially new biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant germplasm resources, originated from a number of historical genetic events as a response to environmental stresses and selection, are the important reservoirs of natural genetic variations that can be exploited to increase the genetic base of the cultivars. However, many agriculturally important traits such as productivity and quality, tolerance to environmental stresses, and some of forms of disease resistance are quantitative (also called polygenic, continuous, multifactorial, or complex traits) in nature. The genetic variation of a quantitative trait is controlled by the collective effects of numerous genes, known as quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Identification of QTLs of agronomic importance and its utilization in a crop improvement requires mapping of these QTLs in the genome of crop species using molecular markers. This review will focus on the basic concepts and a brief description of existing methodologies for QTL mapping and their merits and demerits including traditional biparental mapping and the advanced linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based association mapping. Examples of some of the recent studies on association mapping in various crop species are provided to demonstrate the merits of high-resolution association mapping approach over traditional mapping methods. This review thus will provide non-expert readers of crop breeding community an opportunity to develop a basic understanding of dissecting and exploiting natural variations for crop improvement. D. Sehgal (&) International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km.45, Carretera, Mex-Veracruz El Batan, Texcoco CP 56130, Edo. de México, Mexico e-mail: d.sehgal@cgiar.org R. Singh Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, Haryana 125004, India e-mail: richabiotech77@gmail.com V.R. Rajpal Department of Botany, HansRaj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 11007, India e-mail: vijayrani2@gmail.com © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 V.R. Rajpal et al. (eds.), Molecular Breeding for Sustainable Crop Improvement, Sustainable Development and Biodiversity 11, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-27090-6_2 31
Integral detection of bacterial macromolecules : applications of nucleic acid-based approaches

Bacteria are the relevant causes of a vast range of diseases influencing humans, plants, and animals. Rapid detection of pathogenic macromolecules including their virulence factors, spores, and toxins has become ever more significant in food safety, biological weapons defense, and public health. Consequently, over the past decade, numerous developments have been observed in both conventional and recent approaches for bacterial detection from different sources. Many researchers have recently organized their efforts toward the development of rapid and accurate methods. This review offers an overview of trends in bacterial detection from different sources and describes different nucleic acid-based methods. Next-generation sequencing technology opened a new horizon to the world where knowledge knows no boundaries. Nevertheless, much investigation and effort are needed before they become a reliable method.
The ExoMars Rover – Overview of Phase B 1 Results

ExoMars is the first mission of the “Aurora” Exploration Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). A core part of the mission is a Mars Rover, capable to acquire subsurface soil samples from down to 2 metres and analyze them on board. The combination of rover mobility with the capability to access underground locations where organic molecules might be preserved is unique to this mission, offering the opportunity to answer the question whether life ever arose on Mars. This paper gives an overview of the status of the Rover design resulting from the Phase B1 activities, with some emphasis on aspects of specific relevance to the Space Automation and Robotics community.
Una implementación OpenCCG de la generalización de Perlmutter sobre el orden de palabras de los clíticos del español An OpenCCG Implementation of Perlmutter’s Generalization on Spanish Clitics Word Order

Spanish unstressed pronouns, also known as clitics in the generative grammar literature, constitute a domain of morphological, syntactic and semantic phenomena thoroughly studied from the perspective of both formal and functional approaches to the study of language. Despite this coverage, there are still gaps which deserve our attention, particularly from the viewpoint of Computational Linguistics. Thus, for example, Castel (1994: Ch. V) is a formalization of Perlmutter (1971)’s generalization Se II I III on Spanish clitics word order in terms of a unification categorial grammar (Zeevat et al. 1987). However, since the resulting grammar is not implemented computationally, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate the consequences of the account. In this paper, I purport to remedy this limitation by redefining River Plate Spanish clitics in the IUDPHZRUN RI 2SHQ&&* %R]úDKLQ et al. 2006), which is an (open source) computational implementation of Combinatory Categorial Grammar (Steedman 2000). The constraint Se II I III is here decomposed into feature configurations reflecting clitic co-ocurrence restrictions. Clitics, in turn, are lexically specified as functors of type S<1>$1/(S<2>$1|NP), where the feature structure of S<2> contains the relevant co-ocurrence restrictions which define the combinatory potential of a given clitic.
TensorBow: Supporting Small-Batch Training in TensorFlow

Deep neural networks are trained using mini-batch Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) on specialised hardware accelerators such as a GPU. Existing training systems support the configuration of the mini-batch size poorly: they couple its value, an accuracy-driven parameter, with the hardware configuration because of the training algorithms used to scale out to multiple GPU devices. Constantly increasing the mini-batch size to accommodate faster or more hardware resources hinders model convergence, and the tuning techniques used to compensate for this effect are problemand model-dependent. In this report, we explore how to design and build a deep learning system where the user can freely choose the batch size and still utilise all of the available hardware resources. We propose TensorBow, a system that adds support for small-batch training in TensorFlow. TensorBow integrates two deep learning systems, TensorFlow and Crossbow, combining the best features of the two into one cohesive solution. TensorFlow, for example, has many optimised operators and abstractions, but uses by default a single GPU stream per device for training a model. Crossbow is able to train multiple model replicas on one GPU concurrently and uses a novel synchronisation algorithm, synchronous model averaging, instead of the standard synchronous parallel SGD, to ensure convergence as the number of model replicas increases. However, it lacks automatic differentiation and support for advanced user primitives. TensorBow adds support for the design principles of Crossbow in TensorFlow. It also proposes a transparent, automated parallel training interface. The main challenges in implementing TensorBow are related to the fact that many TensorFlow components and abstractions are designed under the assumption of training a single model replica per GPU, making them unsafe for concurrent use. We extend those components to safely train multiple model replicas per GPU. Our experimental results show that TensorBow improves TensorFlow’s hardware efficiency by at least 50%, irrespective of the neural network size used in our evaluation; and that the synchronisation overhead between models is very small.
Incorporating Nonlinear Lumped Elements into the Unconditionally Stable FETD Method

An approach to incorporate the nonlinear equivalent circuit model of a Schottky diode in finite element time domain simulations is proposed. The approach consists in decoupling the linear system of equations resulting from the finite element method and the nonlinear equations of the diode model. It is shown by numerical experiments that the approach is valid for practical diode parameters. Keywords– FETD, bilinear transformation, vector wave equation, conjugate gradient, Schottky diode
Financial Cycles Across G7 Economies: A View from Wavelet Analysis

We analyse the cross-country dimension of financial cycles by studying cyclical co-movements in credit, house prices, equity prices and interest rates across the G7 economies. We use wavelet-based statistics to assess at which frequencies cyclical fluctuations and their crosscountry co-movements are important and how these change over time. We show cycles in interest rates and equity prices to be at least as synchronised as cycles in real GDP while cycles in credit and house prices are less synchronised. As a result, cross-country common cycles in equity prices and long-term interest rates account for a larger share of the volatility of these variables at the country level than common cycles in credit aggregates and house prices. A cluster analysis shows a high degree of similarity in the spectral characteristics of cycles in interest rates and equity prices across all countries but less similarities for cycles in credit and house price. For credit and house price cycles country-specific developments turn out to be more important than the common cross-country cycles.
Standardization of Korean Version of Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test in Normal Adults

Objective: To develop Korean version of Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (K-FAST) and to standardize K-FAST in normal adult population in Korea. Method: The 'river scene' of stimulus set in original version of FAST was adapted for K-FAST. English version of the test instructions and scoring methods were translated into Korean and reverse-translation was performed by English-Korean bilinguals. The test structures and language domains (comprehension, expression, reading, and writing) were unchanged and possible maximum score was 30 points. We standardized K-FAST in 240 normal adult populations (male 102, female 138) whose ages were above 44. Basic personal information was collected through an interview and we performed Edinburgh handedness inventory (EHI), KMMSE and K-FAST. Subjects who had history of brain disease, cognitive communicative disorders, or K-MMSE scores less than 2 percentile of same age group were excluded. K-FAST scores were analyzed according to the age and education groups. Results: Mean EHI, K-MMSE, and K-FAST scores in total subjects were 9.41. 2, 25.92. 8, 25.43. 3 points, respectively. Post-hoc analysis of K-FAST scores according to age groups classified into 3 age groups, 4564, 6574, and 74 years and education groups into 0, 19, 10 years of total education. K-FAST scores decreased significantly as increase of age (r=−0.441, p=0.000) and decrease of total years of education (r=0.580, p=0.000). Conclusion: Newly adapted K-FAST can be used for screening of aphasia in Korea and the standardized data according to age and education levels may provide useful reference values for interpretation of the results of K-FAST.
2 Stratigraphy , Deposits , and Site Formation

From the outset of the Pech IV project, geoarchaeology played an integral role in the excavations. In addition to performing detailed field observations, much of the geoarchaeological analyses employed the technique of archaeological micromorphology. In addition, observations made on the archaeological material that have relevance to site formation processes are discussed in this chapter. These observations include artifact orientations, edge damage, burning and breakage of lithic artifacts, and an analysis of the small lithics fraction (5–25 mm) coming from the screens. Principally, we focused on a number of aspects of the site including:
After Expensing Employee Stock Bonus , A Study on the Relationships among Different Incentive Systems , Job Satisfaction , Organizational Commitment , and Work Performance-An Example of R & D Staffs of a High-Tech Company in Taiwan

Employee stock bonus is a popular business strategy in Taiwan. In the past, when the amount of employee bonus is confirmed for a company, the shares are counted by par value. It is a large reward because the market value is far above par value. Also, businesses only have to record minus of retained earnings rather than salaries expense. However, since January lst, 2008, employee bonus needed to be expensed and stock bonus need to be record by market value. Therefore, expensing employee bonus would affect the employee bonus program. Since the employee bonus would be affected after expensing employee bonus, other reward programs would be alternative. The reward programs are such as cash, stock bonus. This study presents two branch factories of a high-tech company which is with two reward programs. One is cash bonus, the other is stock bonus. By Questionnaire, this study investigates the impact on R&D staffs’ performance of different incentive systems (reward programs). In other words, will different incentive systems (cash bonus and tock bonus) affect R&D staffs’ job satisfaction, organization commitment, and work performance? The result was provided to company for incentive system adjustment, and contribute to recruit and retain talent.
Troponin I in Perioperative Myocardial Infarction after Coronary Artery ByPass Surgery

Received 12 July 2001. Accepted for publication 21 November 2001. Background and aims. Myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass grafting is a serious complication and one of the most common causes of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to determine the relevance of serum cardiac troponin I as a specific diagnostic marker for perioperative myocardial infarction. Methods. A cohort of 64 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting was enrolled for prospective study. Postoperative blood samples were extracted and analyzed for total creatine kinase (CK), CKMB and cardiac troponin I activity. Perioperative infarction was defined as the development of new Q waves in the postoperative electrocardiogram together with congruent regional wall motion abnormalities in the echocardiogram and CK values greater than 400 IU/L with MB fraction greater than 40 IU/L. Results. Perioperative infarction occurred in 12 patients. Higher cardiac troponin I values were observed in patients experiencing perioperative myocardial infarction than in those without infarction (P<.001). Cardiac troponin I values higher than 12 ng/ml 10 h after release of the aortic clamp best detected the presence of perioperative myocardial infarction, with an area under the characteristic receiver operating curve of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82-0.97), a sensitivity of 90.9%, and a specificity of 88.5%. The mean stay in the intensive care unit was significantly longer for patients who suffered perioperative myocardial infarction (6.5±8.6 days) than for patients without perioperative infarction (4.7±7.5 days) (P<.005). Conclusions. Cardiac troponin I elevation appears to be an early, specific marker for the diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Pharmacoepidemiology: Principles and Practice

Chapter 1: Introduction to Epidemiology and Public Health. Chapter 2: Medical Surveillance and Outbreaks of Disease. Chapter 3: Observational Study Designs in Epidemiology. Chapter 4: Experimental Study Designs. Chapter 5: Data Identification and Analysis. Chapter 6: Risk Assessment. Chapter 7: Screening and Diagnostic Testing. Chapter 8: Post-Marketing Surveillance. Chapter 9: Principles of Pharmacoeconomics. Chapter 10: Pharmacoepidemiology in Pharmacy Practice.
Absorption and endogenous excretion of phosphorus in growing broiler chicks , as influenced by calcium and phosphorus ratios in feed

Absorption and endogenous excretion of P by male broiler chicks (14-29 d old) were quantitatively evaluated at different Ca : P ratios (1,l: 1 ; 2, 1.5 : 1 ; 3,2 : 1 ; 4,25 : 1) in four groups given experimental diets ad lib. The P content was the same in all diets. An isotope-dilution technique was used to determine endogenous faecal and renal excretion. Ca and P retentions in the whole body were estimated according to the comparative slaughter technique. P absorption was calculated from retention and endogenous excretion. Absorption and endogenous excretion of P amounted to (mg P/d per chick): 304,270,160 and 158; and 135,109,31 and 30 in groups 1,2,3 and 4 respectively. Widening of the Ca:P ratio in the feed limited the P absorption. Availability of feed P amounted to (%): (1) 66, (2) 57, (3) 32 and (4) 30, and the amounts of absorbed P retained were (%): (1) 56, (2) 60, (3 and 4) 81. The increasing Ca concentration in the feed showed a greater effect on P absorption than on P retention. The ratios of relative retention to relative endogenous excretion of absorbed P were: (1) 1.27, (2) 150, (3 and 4) 4.26.
Study on Effect of Imatinib Therapy on Pituitary Hormones ( LH , FSH and Prolactin ) In Newly Diagnosed CML Patients

Original Research Article Chronic myelogenous leukemia is characterized by the fusion gene BCR-ABL, encoding a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and treated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. Some case reports in literature suggest imatinib therapy may alter the pituitary hormones LH, FSH and prolactin levels affecting various functions of reproductive system. The study was designed to prospectively study serum LH, FSH and prolactin levels at baseline and at 6 months of imatinib treatment in 30 newly diagnosed BCR-ABL positive CML patients. The hormones were measured a highly accurate two-site sandwich immunoassay using chemiluminisence method on ADVIA Centaur system from Siemens. Of the 30 CML patients (17M & 13F), 2 patients presented in accelerated phase and 26 achieved haematological remission by 6 months. Baseline levels of LH, FSH and prolactin were similar in patients and controls. S. LH levels increased significantly after 6 months of imatinib therapy in male patients (13.82±4.25mIU/mL vs. 7.32±3.84mIU/mL, p =0.001) and in female patients (12.67±4.74mIU/mL vs.7.16±3.94mIU/mL, p =0.002). S. FSH levels increased significantly after 6 months of imatinib therapy in male patients (22.30±8.74mIU/mL vs. 11.77±7.23mIU/mL, p =0.003) and also in female patients (12.57±4.94mIU/mL vs. 5.51±1.82mIU/mL, p=0.005). Serum prolactin levels decreased significantly after 6 months of imatinib therapy in male patients (10.93±7.77ng/mL vs. 14.21±12.68ng/mL, p=0.039). Baseline levels of LH, FSH and prolactin were similar in patients and controls. The findings of significantly increased LH and FSH levels after imatinib therapy the present study are consistent with the previous reports that document the effect of imatinib on testicular function in adult male patients. The findings of significant increase in LH and FSH levels in pre-menopausal females in present study suggests that further studies on lager number of female patients are required to fully assess the effects of imatinib on multiple female reproductive hormones and their clinical significance.
Measuring dynamic capabilities in new ventures

Entrepreneurial scholarship suggests that a small firm’s ability to grow is a function of its capacity to sense and respond to changes in the market as well as the broader environment for the firm’s goods and services. Developing detailed measures of internal capabilities at a large scale, however, is often hampered by limitations in the availability of data from conventional sources, low survey response rates and panel attrition. The emergence of new information sources, including big data sets derived from the online activities of firms, coupled with advanced computational approaches, raises fresh analytical possibilities. In this exploratory study, we turn to freely accessible website data to gauge internal capabilities, specifically for market sensing and responding. To operationalize the construct of seizing, the paper uses an application of topic modeling, a text mining approach commonly used in computer science, on archived website data from the Wayback Machine for two time periods, 2008–2009 and 2010–2011, to explain sales growth for green goods enterprises in two later time periods, from 2010 to 2012. We find an endogenous inverse U-shaped relationship exists between market seizing and sales growth. Increasing levels of focus on a firm’s local geographic area also predict sales growth. We consider these findings in light of the practitioner literature on firm agility and pivoting and discuss opportunities for future work using website data to study entrepreneurship and the strategic management of innovation.
Mobile video monitor of vehicles in online sensing

Detection of vehicles plays an important role in the area of the modern intelligent traffic management. With the pattern recognition in the area of computer vision, an auto-recognition system in an online sensing platform is studied. In the online sensing platform, 3G wireless network, including GPS, GPRS (CDMA), Internet (Intranet), remote video monitor, and CANBUS networks are integrated. The remote video stream can be taken from the terminals and sent to the online sensing platform, then detected by the auto-recognition system. The images are pretreated and segmented, including feature extraction, template matching and pattern recognition. The system identifies these models and gets vehicular traffic statistics.