Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth of the parvovirus minute virus of mice MVMp3 in EL4 lymphocytes is restricted after cell entry and before viral DNA amplification: cell-specific differences in virus uncoating in vitro

Two murine parvoviruses with genomic sequences differing only in 33 nucleotides (8 amino acids) in the region coding for the capsid proteins show different host cell specificities: MVMi grows in EL4 T lymphocytes and MVMp3 grows in A9 fibroblasts. In this study we compared the courses of infections with these two viruses in EL4 cells in order to investigate at which step(s) the infection process of MVMp3 is interrupted. The two viruses bound equally well to EL4 cells, and similar amounts of MVMi and MVMp3 input virion DNA appeared in the nuclear fractions of EL4 cells 1 h after infection. However, double-stranded replicative-form (RF) DNA of the two viruses appeared at different times, at 10 h postinfection with MVMi and at 24 h postinfection with MVMp3. The amount of MVMp3 RF DNA detected at 24 h was very small because it was produced only in a tiny subset of the population of EL4 cells that proved to be permissive for MVMp3. Replication of double-stranded viral DNA in EL4 cells was measured after transfection of purified RF DNA, cloned viral DNA, and cloned viral DNA with a mutation preventing synthesis of the capsid proteins. In each of these cases, DNA replication was comparable for MVMi and MVMp3. Production of virus particles also appeared to be similar after transfection of the two types of RF DNA into EL4 cells. Conversion of incoming 32P-labeled single-stranded MVM DNA to 32P-labeled double-stranded RF DNA was detected only after RF DNA amplification, indicating that few molecules serve as templates for viral DNA amplification. We showed that extracts of EL4 cells contain a factor which can destabilize MVMi virions but not MVMp3 by testing the sensitivity of viral DNA to DNase and by CsCl gradient analyses of viral particles. We therefore conclude that the MVMp3 life cycle is arrested after the transport of virions to the nucleus and prior to the replication of RF DNA, most likely at the stage of viral decapsidation.
The Role of Human Resources in the Success of New Businesses

Factors associated with business success have been pervasive topics in the entrepreneurship literature for decades and have addressed all functional areas of business, such as marketing, finance, and production (Bruno, Leidecker, & Harder, 1987; Terpstra & Olson, 1993). Business Resources are usually categorized in three groups: physical, organizational, and human (Koch & Kok 1999). The human resource has long been identified as critical, and in particular the experience of management, by affecting the other resources and functions to achieve success (Penrose, 1959, p. 5). Therefore, this paper considers specific factors in one functional area-human resources (HR) - and examines relationships to several key organizational attributes. This paper is based on a survey of firms involved in technology environments because new businesses in this sector are often seen as the engines in the so-called new economy and their distinctive human capital needs and composition may help determine their growth or failure.
Analysis of the Aurora large vocabulary evaluations

In this paper, we analyze the results of the recent Aurora large vocabulary evaluations. Two consortia submitted proposals on speech recognition front ends for this evaluation: (1) Qualcomm, ICSI, and OGI (QIO), and (2) Motorola, France Telecom, and Alcatel (MFA). These front ends used a variety of noise reduction techniques including discriminative transforms, feature normalization, voice activity detection, and blind equalization. Participants used a common speech recognition engine to postprocess their features. In this paper, we show that the results of this evaluation were not signiﬁcantly impacted by suboptimal recognition system parameter settings. Without any front end speciﬁc tuning, the MFA front end outperforms the QIO front end by 9.6% relative. With tuning, the relative performance gap increases to 15.8%. Both the mismatched microphone and additive noise evaluation conditions resulted in a signiﬁcant degradation in performance for both front ends.
Making Implicit Parameters Explicit Atze Dijkstra

In almost all languages all arguments to functions are to be given explicitly. The Haskell class system however is an exception: functions can have class predicates as part of their type signature, and dictionaries are implicitly constructed and implicitly passed for such predicates, thus relieving the programmer from a lot of clerical work and removing clutter from the program text. Unfortunately Haskell maintains a very strict boundary between the implicit and the explicit world; if the implicit mechanisms fail to construct the hidden dictionaries there is no way the programmer can provide help, nor is he able to override the choices made by the implicit mechanisms. In this paper we describe, in the context of Haskell, a mechanism that allows the programmer to explicitly construct implicit arguments. This extension blends well with existing resolution mechanisms, since it only overrides the default behavior. We include a description of the use of partial type signatures, which liberates the programmer from having to choose between specifying a complete type signature or no type signature at all. Finally we show how the system can easily be extended to deal with higher-order predicates, thus enabling the elegant formulation of some forms of generic programming.
Murine Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells : I . Enrichment and Biologic Characterization

Murine bone marrow cells were fractionated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting into Rh123" Linc-kit' Ly6A+, Rh123h' Lin-c-kiP Ly6A'. and Linc-kit' Ly6Apopulations within which most, if not all, of the hematopoetic activities of the marrow resided. The Rh123" Linc-kit' Ly6A' cells, which consist exclusively of smallor medium-sized lymphocyte-like cells, are highly enriched for long-term hematopoietic in vivo repopulating cells. The enrichment factor for these cells from the marrow was estimated as 2,000-fold. The Rh123h' Linc-kit" Ly6A' cells, although also highly enriched for day-l2 spleen colony-forming units, were relatively depleted of long-term in vivo repopulation capacity.
Diagnostic value of echocardiography in suspected endocarditis. An evaluation based on the pretest probability of disease.

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that for the diagnosis of endocarditis, (1) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) would be most valuable in patients with an intermediate clinical probability of the disease and (2) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) would be most useful in patients with an intermediate probability when TTE either does not yield an adequate study or indicates an intermediate probability of endocarditis. We also sought to investigate the influence of echocardiographic results on antibiotic usage and its duration. METHODS AND RESULTS TTE and TEE were performed in 105 consecutive patients with suspected endocarditis. Patients were classified as having either low, intermediate, or high probability of endocarditis on the basis of clinical criteria and separately on the basis of both TTE and TEE findings. TTE and TEE classified the majority (82% and 85%, respectively) of the 67 patients with a low clinical probability of endocarditis as having a low likelihood of the disease. Of the 14 patients with intermediate clinical probability, 12 had technically adequate TTE studies; 10 of these (83%) were classified as either high or low probability. All patients with intermediate clinical probability were classified as high or low probability by TEE. The majority of the 24 patients with high clinical probability were placed in the low-likelihood category by echocardiography (15 by TTE and 12 by TEE). There was concordance between TTE and TEE in 83% of all cases. TEE was useful for the diagnosis of endocarditis in patients with prosthetic valves and in those in whom TTE indicated an intermediate probability; these constituted < 20% of patients in our study. The course of antibiotic therapy was influenced only by the clinical profile and not by the echocardiographic results. CONCLUSIONS Echocardiography should not be used to make a diagnosis of endocarditis in those with a low clinical probability of the disease. In those with an intermediate or high clinical probability, TTE should be the diagnostic procedure of choice. TEE for the diagnosis of endocarditis should be reserved only for patients who have prosthetic valves and in whom TTE is either technically inadequate or indicates an intermediate probability of endocarditis.
AN IMAGE SEGMENTATION ALGORITHM FOR THE HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGE

The technology of hyperspectral remote sensing image improves the capability of collecting the objects such as lakes, rivers, farmlands, buildings, forest and desert in the ground surface. Since the spatial resolution is becoming higher recently, image segmentation of hyperspectral remote sensing is important to the next step of remote sensing image classification and object recognition. In this paper, we proposed a new algorithm using mean shift filtering, and watershed transform, for hyperspectral image segmentation. Usually, hyperspectral image has hundreds of spectral bands, thus, it is difficult for image segmentation. First, the mean shift algorithm is used for smoothing these all bands. Second, Canny edge detection method and vector field model are used to calculate edge strength of these bands, respectively. Finally, automatic marker watershed transform is applied for the edge strength to obtain the segmentation result. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the novel hyperspectral image segmentation algorithm, an unsupervised entropy based evaluation method, is performed on the segmentation result from AVIRIS hyperspectral data. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed algorithm can be used to obtain better segmentation results for hyperspectral data.
An Exploratory Investigation of Frequently Cited Articles From the Early Childhood Intervention Literature, 1994 to 2005

The authors explored frequently cited articles across four peer-reviewed journals in early intervention (EI) and early childhood special education (ECSE). The Social Sciences Citation Index was used to examine journal articles from 1994 to 2005 in Early Childhood Research Quarterly, Infants and Young Children, the Journal of Early Intervention, and Topics in Early Childhood Special Education. Results for the most frequently cited EI and ECSE journal articles are reported.
A Comparison of Broadcast Strategy in MIMO Relay Networks

In this paper, the sum rate issue of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay broadcast channel is studied, where the fixed relay station is used to support multiuser transmission in a downlink channel. With appropriate design, the sum rate can be expressed as a function of the processing units at the base station (BS) and relay, and the power allocation can be converted to a standard convex problem. We compared the sum rate of MIMO relay broadcast channel (BC) using time division multiple access (TDMA) to the strongest user, dirty paper coding (DPC) and beamforming (BF) when multiple antennas are deployed at each terminal in the system and separate power constraints at the BS and relay. Then, the sum rate bounds for each strategy and the sum capacity (achieved by DPC) gain over TDMA and BF are given, correspondingly. Finally, numerical results are presented to prove our discussions. With these results, we can easily obtain how far away TDMA and BF are from being optimal in terms of sum rate, and direct the practical system design.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of H1N1/2009 Virus from Aerosol Samples with a Microfluidic Immunosensor

Influenza A H1N1/2009 is a highly infectious, rapidly spreading airborne disease that needs to be monitored in near real time, preferably in a microfluidic format. However, such demonstration is difficult to find as H1N1 concentration in aerosol samples is extremely low, with interference from dust particles. In this work, we measured Mie scatter intensities from a microfluidic device with optical waveguide channels, where the antibody-conjugated latex beads immunoagglutinated with the target H1N1 antigens. Through careful optimizations of optical parameters, we were able to maximize the Mie scatter increase from the latex immunoagglutinations while minimizing the background scatter from the dust particles. The aerosol samples were collected from a 1:10 mock classroom using a button air sampler, where a nebulizer generated aerosols, simulating human coughing. The detection limits with real aerosol samples were 1 and 10 pg/mL, using a spectrometer or a cell phone camera as an optical detector, respectively. These are several orders of magnitudes more sensitive than the other methods. The microfluidic immunosensor readings are in concordance with the results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The assay time was 30 s for sampling and 5 min for the microfluidic assay.
Role of Cellular Uncoupling in Arrhythmogenesis in Ischemia Phase 1B

Delayed ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia phase 1B are related to a rise in tissue impedance and are most likely sustained in a thin layer of subepicardium. It has been hypothesized that coupling of depressed midmyocardial tissue to the surviving subepicardial layer sets the conditions for reentrant arrhythmias. This hypothesis was verified by means of bidomain simulations on a 3D slab consisting of a normal subepicardial layer coupled to a depressed depolarized midmyocardial layer. The heterogeneity in the coupling was defined by varying the transmural conductivities between the two layers in a circular centrally-located region. The resulting dispersion of effective refractory period in the subepicardium allows for reentry to occur. As uncoupling increases within the circular island, the vulnerability to reentry increases. A higher degree of depolarization in the midmyocardium inhibits the induction of reentry
Embedded Processor Selection Using FPGA-based Profiling

In embedded systems, modeling the performance of off-the-shelf processors is very important to enable the designer to estimate the capability of each candidate processor against the target application. Considering the large number of available embedded processors, the need has increased for building an infrastructure by which it is possible to estimate the performance of a given application on a certain processor with a minimum of time and resources. This paper presents the use a Xilinx MicroBlaze softcore processor as a reference model augmented by FPGA-based profiling mechanism to extract the functional statistics that characterize the target application. Linear regression analysis is implemented for mapping the application functional behavior on the reference model (MicroBlaze) to the performance of the candidate processors.
Reconfigurable dual-mode band-pass filter with switchable bandwidth using PIN diodes

A reconfigurable band-pass filter with switchable bandwidth, for wireless applications is demonstrated using a dual-mode microstrip square-loop resonator. The proposed filter has been designed on Rogers RO4003C and achieves switchable bandwidth by changing the length of two tuning stubs with the implementation of two strategically placed p-i-n diodes as switching elements. The filter was designed with a center frequency of 2.4 GHz and the two distinct operation states have bandwidths, 113 MHz (4.8%) with an insertion loss of 1.2 dB and 35 MHz (1.5%) with an insertion loss of 1.5 dB. The physical size of the fabricated reconfigurable filter including the implementation of the DC bias lines is comparable to the size of a conventional filter.
Regulation of Plasma Membrane Ca2+‐ATPase in Human Platelets by Calpain

The plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase (PMCA) plays an essential role in maintaining low cytosolic Ca2+ in resting human platelets by extruding Ca2+ from the cytoplasm across the plasma membrane. Since PMCA is the main agent of Ca2+ removal in platelets, it is a key point for regulation of platelet Ca2+ metabolism. The Ca2+‐activated cysteine protease calpain, a major platelet protein, has been shown to excise the auto‐inhibitory C‐terminus of PMCA resulting in a 124 kDa calmodulin‐independent species. To determine the kinetics PMCA degradation during platelet activation, the cleavage of PMCA into smaller forms (124 kDa and 100 kDa) was analyzed using SDS PAGE and immunoblotting. Platelet activation mediated by both collagen and thrombin resulted in proteolysis of PMCA (20 and 40% of total PMCA, respectively), leading to the formation of the active 124 kDa PMCA species and a 100 kDa inactive fragment. Calpeptin and ALLN, calpain inhibitors, blocked PMCA degradation and formation of the 124 kDa product. Proteolysis of PMCA to the 100 kDa species was also inhibited by calpain inhibitors but to a lesser extent indicating the participation of other proteases. Thus, calpain‐mediated degradation of PMCA during platelet activation likely contributes significantly to Ca2+ regulation and, therefore, to platelet function.
A concept map approach for introduction to Computer Engineering course curriculum

As in any discipline, in Computer Engineering, students start learning the basic concepts of the discipline in their first year through an Introduction to Computer Engineering course. The topics toughed in this course can be grouped into two. The first group includes simple concepts like binary numbering system, hard disk, memory, and I/O devices. In the second group, an introduction to the courses that they will take in the next semesters of the program which includes programming, networking, software engineering, artificial intelligence and database systems. The main objective of this course is to give an introduction about the general concepts of the field to the first year Computer Engineering students and prepare them to understand the connections between them for their future studies. However, students and instructors face with many problems in this course. First, because of the diversity of the concepts given in the course, it is very difficult for the students to see the big picture of the Computer Engineering domain. Similarly, it is difficult for the instructors to prepare the course content in an integrated manner at the students' level. Additionally, the perception of the theory and practice behind the hardware and software topics and their connections is not an easy task for the beginners. Moreover, the topics are mostly abstract topics, which do not allow application of any laboratory sessions. Students usually find this course difficult to understand, which decreases their motivation about the department and success of the course. This study is established to propose a concept map approach to better visualize and discover all the connections between the concepts of Computer Engineering field which can be used in the curriculum of the programs and introductory courses of the field addressing the above problems. The proposed concept map helps to visualize the general picture of the field.
Robust multiple cue fusion-based high-speed and nonrigid object tracking algorithm for short track speed skating

Abstract. This paper presents a methodology for tracking multiple skaters in short track speed skating competitions. Nonrigid skaters move at high speed with severe occlusions happening frequently among them. The camera is panned quickly in order to capture the skaters in a large and dynamic scene. To automatically track the skaters and precisely output their trajectories becomes a challenging task in object tracking. We employ the global rink information to compensate camera motion and obtain the global spatial information of skaters, utilize random forest to fuse multiple cues and predict the blob of each skater, and finally apply a silhouette- and edge-based template-matching and blob-evolving method to labelling pixels to a skater. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified through thorough experiments.
Entanglement of macroscopic Bell states

In this work we focus our attention on the correlation properties of a new class of bright nonclassical states of light, which are called the macroscopic Bell states [1,2]. These states are of interest in quantum optics due to their rarely combined two properties: brightness and quantumness. Recently we have investigated the polarization properties of these states, namely we have shown that the macroscopic singlet state is absolutely unpolarized and free of polarization noise [2], while the triplet states reveal the effect of hidden polarization [3]. Now we experimentally prove that both singlet and triplet macroscopic Bell states are entangled.
Detection of an artificial target with low radar cross-section in presence of backscatter

This paper presents an approach to improve the detection of an artificial target with low radar cross-section in presence of clutter. The target proposed in the paper modulates the phase response of the circularly polarized incident signal by means of rotation. The same physical phenomenon can be used to steer the modulated response in a non-specular direction. The bi-static measurements of the response of the target have demonstrated good agreement with theoretical prediction as well as with full-wave simulation.
Quantum dynamical entropy and decoherence rate

We investigate quantum dynamical systems defined on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space and subjected to an interaction with an environment. The rate of decoherence of initially pure states, measured by the increase of their von Neumann entropy, averaged over an ensemble of random pure states, is proved to be bounded from above by the partial entropy used to define the ALF-dynamical entropy. The rate of decoherence induced by the sequence of the von Neumann projectors measurements is shown to be maximal, if the measurements are performed in a randomly chosen basis. The numerically observed linear increase of entropies is attributed to free independence of the measured observable and the unitary dynamical map.
Design of Class DE Inverter with Band-pass Filter

This paper presents design procedure and experimental results class DE inverter with band-pass filter. In the proposed inverter, band-pass filter is used instead of resonant filter in the class DE inverter presented at the previous papers. By using band-pass filter, the sensitivity of output voltage to the operating frequency can be suppressed. By carrying out circuit experiments, we show that the experimental results agree with numerical ones quantitatively. The laboratory experiments achieve 90.4% power conversion efficiency under 2.2 W output power and 1 MHz operation
A highly reliable butterfly PUF in SRAM-based FPGAs

: This paper presents a butterﬂy physically unclonable function (PUF) implementation in SRAM-based ﬁeld programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). To avoid output instability, we propose a delay diﬀer-ence test to identify reliable slices (mapped to which butterﬂy PUF cells are highly reliable) and then PUF reliability is signiﬁcantly improved by selective mapping PUF cells to reliable slices, which is validated in experimental results.
Complexity Measurement of Product Models

Complexity management in product development is a challenging task. Modelling the relations in and between partial models from different domains in an integrated semantic product model is a step towards complexity awareness. However it still lacks the quantitative measurement of the overall complexity which can be used to compare product models and control development progress. In this paper we present an approach to evaluate the impact of relations on the overall complexity which results into a complexity measure. The approach is based on a regression model created from a RDF/OWL graph.