Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of small dual band-notched UWB slot antenna

The design of a small printed slot antenna for ultra-wideband application is presented. The antenna is simply formed by an L-shaped slot embedded at the centre of the ground plane, a 50 Ω microstrip-fed line, a rectangular slit connected with the L-shaped slot and another rectangular slit at the bottom of the ground plane. The antenna has small dimensions of 16 × 28 × 0.8 mm3. The impedance bandwidth with 10 dB return loss of the antenna is from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, in which there is two rejected bands which cover 3.3–3.73 and 5.15–5.9 GHz.
BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION'S SKID-ACCIDENT REDUCTION PROGRAM

Review is made of Federal Highway Administration actions related to pavement skid-control qualities of federal-aid highway projects since the Highway Safety Act of 1966. Emphasis is on measuring skid resistance; obtaining and correlating accident data, material properties, and practices in design, construction, and maintenance for better skid resistance; and determining priorities for current projects. A coordinated research program was expanded in 1970 to include study on all phases of skidding accidents and the engineering factors and actions for their reduction, including 3 field test centers to calibrate skid measurement equipment. It is FHWA policy that pavement surfaces on all projects be designed, constructed, and maintained with the best practical skid resistance properties and that highway sections that are inadequate be identified and corrected. Since 1968, project work to improve pavement skid resistance has been eligible for Federal aid. Concern of the state highway departments for the legal implications of use of minimum skid numbers is recognized. The present program uses guidelines set by each state for their specific conditions to establish priorities for correction.
Fading Channels: InformationTheoretic and Communications Aspects

In this paper we review the most peculiar and interesting information-theoretic and communications features of fading channels. We first describe the statistical models of fading channels which are frequently used in the analysis and design of communication systems. Next, we focus on the information theory of fading channels, by emphasizing capacity as the most important performance measure. Both single-user and multiuser transmission are examined. Further, we describe how the structure of fading channels impacts code design, and finally overview equalization of fading multipath channels.
Implementation of a firefox extension that measures user privacy risk in web search

At the present time, user activities on Internet are permanently monitored, and the information obtained from this process is pretty useful for big advertising companies and especially for governments. The user information that external agents collect could be: search queries, clicks, text from visited web sites and even the time that users spend on browsing some sites. These data are processed in order to build user profiles that are later used to customize services. Additionally, this large amount of data susceptible of being collected (by personalized information systems) represents a serious risk for the users’ privacy on Internet. Perhaps, even more critical is the fact that many users are not aware of this risk, since it is not as evident as it is in the physical world. The risk gets worse when a few companies are capable of collecting much of the user data because their services are so popular to the point where they become vital for users interaction with the Internet, as is the case with search engines. Even when users do not reveal strictly personal information such as addresses, locations or names, current technology allows to infer much of this information from each user interaction with Internet. We present in this work a first effort towards the development of an extension for the Firefox web browser that estimates the privacy risk of the privacy of a user who, due to its navigation habits, is exposed to profiling mechanisms on Internet. The risk level is shown in a comprehensible and accessible fashion in the browser graphical interface and is calculated based on different adversary models. The privacy measuring mechanism that we integrate in the browser uses metrics that were appropriately justified and that rely on information theoretic concepts.
Automatic Synthesis of Microstructured Holey Optical Fibres Using Numerical Optimisation

Holey fibres are optical fibres where structured arrays of high contrast air holes run along the entire length of the fibre. Through careful engineering of the individual diameters and placement of the holes in the cross-section of the fibre the optical guiding properties of these fibres can be tailored almost arbitrarily. The optical properties of holey fibres include single-mode guiding and high dispersion over large wavelength ranges, and increased non-linear effects. A hexagonal array of holes is considered that is optimising for both minimal mode field size and zero dispersion.
Pearl millet blast disease caused by Pyricularia pennisetigena in western arid Rajasthan, India

Pearl millet is an important cereal crop grown for grain and fodder in arid and semi-arid regions of India. Pyricularia grisea (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea) is known to cause devastating foliar blast disease leading to reduction in grain and fodder yields in pearl millet. Internal transcribed spacer sequencing of ribosomal DNA revealed that the foliar blast of pearl millet in western arid Rajasthan, India, is caused by Pyricularia pennisetigena. Multiple sequence alignment validated that the reference sequence of P. pennisetigena from USA, aligned well with that of our sequence of P. pennisetigena. Phylogram clearly delineated P. grisea and P. penniseticola as phylogenetically separate species of Pyricularia compared to P. pennisetigena. Therefore concerted efforts are needed to develop resistant varieties and hybrids in pearl millet against P. pennisetigena in future plant breeding programmes, particularly for western arid Rajasthan. In addition, isolate CZPMP-17, molecularly identified as Colletotrichum sublioneola isolated from P. glaucum causing foliar disease is shown to be a pathogen of pearl millet.
The structural aspects of neural dynamics and information flow.

BACKGROUND Neurons have specialized structures that facilitate information transfer using electrical and chemical signals. Within the perspective of neural computation, the neuronal structure is an important prerequisite for the versatile computational capabilities of neurons resulting from the integration of diverse synaptic input patterns, complex interactions among the passive and active dendritic local currents, and the interplay between dendrite and soma to generate action potential output. For this, characterization of the relationship between the structure and neuronal spike dynamics could provide essential information about the cellular-level mechanism supporting neural computations. RESULTS This work describes simulations and an information-theoretic analysis to investigate how specific neuronal structure affects neural dynamics and information processing. Correlation analysis on the Allen Cell Types Database reveals biologically relevant structural features that determine neural dynamics-eight highly correlated structural features are selected as the primary set for characterizing neuronal structures. These features are used to characterize biophysically realistic multi-compartment mathematical models for primary neurons in the direct and indirect hippocampal pathways consisting of the pyramidal cells of Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) and CA3 and the granule cell in the dentate gyrus (DG). Simulations reveal that the dynamics of these neurons vary depending on their specialized structures and are highly sensitive to structural modifications. Information-theoretic analysis confirms that structural factors are critical for versatile neural information processing at a single-cell and a neural circuit level; not only basic AND/OR but also linearly non-separable XOR functions can be explained within the information-theoretic framework. CONCLUSIONS Providing quantitative information on the relationship between the structure and the dynamics/information flow of neurons, this work would help us understand the design and coding principles of biological neurons and may be beneficial for designing biologically plausible neuron models for artificial intelligence (AI) systems.
Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition Based on Optical Flow and Geometric Features

For the recognition of facial expressions in video images, we propose to use optical ﬂow method to improve geometric features for dynamic expression recognition in this paper. The optical ﬂow method can better capture facial motion and record dynamic features compared with traditional geometric method-s. After feature extraction, support vector machines are used to classify the two types of features separately. Finally, a weighted fusion strategy is used for decision-level fusion of the two classiﬁers. The proposed method is veriﬁed on the extended Cohn-Kanade database and the overall recognition accuracy is 95%.
The rainbow vertex antimagic coloring of tree graphs

Let G(V (G),E(G)) be a connected, simple, and finite graph. Let f be a bijective function of labeling on graph G from the edge set E(G) to natural number up to the number of edges of G. A rainbow vertex antimagic labeling of graph G is a function f under the condition all internal vertices of a path u – υ, Ɐu, υ ∈ V (G) have different weight (denoted by w(u)), where w(u) = ∑ uu′∈E(G)f (uu′). If G has a rainbow vertex antimagic labeling, then G is a rainbow vertex antimagic coloring, where the every vertex is assigned with the color w(u). The rvac(G) is a notation of rainbow vertex antimagic connection number of graph G which means the minimum colors taken over all rainbow vertex antimagic coloring induced by rainbow vertex antimagic labeling of graph G. The results of this research are the exact value of the rainbow vertex antimagic connection number of star (Sn ), double star (DSn ), and broom graph (Brn, m ).
Study of the configuration of multi-source energy harvesting systems based on piezoelectric nanogenerator as a clean energy harvester

This paper presents the connection configuration of a multi-source piezoelectric transducer to extract energy from ambient mechanical forces to power up electronic devices. The configurations are optimized by applying a full-bridge rectifier (FBR) as an interface circuit to complete alternating to direct current (AC-DC) transformation before powering up any electronic devices. The FBR is varied in Silicon (Si-FBR) and Schottky (So-FBR) diodes to compare which one is more efficient. Six pieces of 35 mm piezoelectric transducer, PT, are connected in parallel and series connection then pressed under 20 N periodic force. The study shows that the configuration types of the multi-source PT have different results in harvesting mechanical energy. Experimental results show the maximum power can be harvested from six PTs in series for one and six Si-FBRs are 440 and 500 µW, respectively and for So-FBR obtained 150 and 730 µW. In a parallel configuration, maximum power can be harvested from six PTs for one and six Si-FBRs are 440 and 1050 µW, respectively and for So-FBR obtained 780 and 902 µW.
Assessment the impacts of climate change on drought in the Ba River basin, Central Vietnam using Landsat remote sensing data

Sustainable management of the river basin is a profound challenge for environmental management in the context of climate change. Drought situations in a basin occur in relation to meteorological, hydrological, agricultural factors and climate change as well. In this study, remote sensing technology was applied to assess the impacts of climate change on drought in the Ba River basin, Central Vietnam. Drought in the basin has been created by land use/land cover changes in recent years, which has resulted in a sharp decrease in forest area in the period 1989 to 2019 (-41.5%) and a significant increase of agricultural land with 38.2%. Following that, the area of drought agriculture rose by 28.8%. The remarkably high drought areas in agricultural land were in El Nino years, 2016 (99.2%) and 2019 (87.3%), which indicated that under climate change impacts, a drought occurred more severely. Moreover, drought also appeared in the forest. The forest area deceased but the drought levels in the forest increased slightly since 2005 and hit a peak drought value in 2016 with 97.0% of forest area. During El Niño years, the precipitation, atmospheric moisture, and water flow in the basin were all lower than in previous years.
Classifying DNS Tunneling Tools For Malicious DoH Traffic

Cyber adversaries continuously seek new ways to penetrate security systems and infect computer infrastructure. The past decade has witnessed a sharp increase in attacks targeting Domain Name Server (DNS) systems used to store information about the domain names and their corresponding IP addresses (zone file). Therefore, preventing these require a new method for attacks and their strategies. Researchers suggest that appropriate remedial actions against cyber attacks can be attained by detailed investigation about the environment of digital systems. Although initially cited as a solution to attacks such as DNS spoofing and DNS tunneling, DNS over HTTPS (DoH) has introduced novel privacy challenges. Therefore, this paper contributes to the investigation of machine learning models as solutions to DNS tunneling and DoH security issues. Thus, focusing to determine how well the classifiers can distinguish between DNS tunneling types using different machine learning models which are frequently used among other researchers. The CIRA-CIC-DoHBrw-2020 data set is used for the experiments of ML models. The obtained results confirm that applying the classifiers to generate the models are good choices to detect DNS tunnelings of DNS attacks on DoH traffic. The efficacy of these models' performance was evaluated by measuring the precision, recall, F1-score, accuracy, and confusion matrix.
ANTIMICROBIAL NANOCOMPOSITE OF SILVER AND GELATIN NANOFIBERS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Bactericidal property of silver nanoparticles was exploited for the preparation of gelatin nanofibers with antimicrobial properties. Common textile fibers lack antimicrobial properties. Therefore, antimicrobial nanocomposite of silver nanoparticles and gelatin polymer nanofibers was made for medical applications such as antimicrobial filters, surgical dressing, water disinfection and protective clothing. Gelatin is the cheap biopolymer with good biocompatibility. Gelatin polymer is only soluble in high polarity organic solvents due to which it can be used alone or as a blend component to prepare nanofibrous membranes for tissue scaffolds, wound healing and health caring devices. Antimicrobial nanocomposite of silver and gelatin nanofibers was prepared by electrospinning using 16% gelatin in acetic acid and 34% silver nitrate aqueous solution. The electrospun nanofibers were weak and found soluble in water, hence inter-crosslinking was carried out with 0.5% glutaraldehyde solution to increase the stability of polymer. Antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared in situ by reduction of silver nitrate with sodium borohydride. Scanning electron micrograph image showed 200 nm diameters of gelatin nanofibers. Due to the presence of AgNPs, nanofibers exhibited high antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.
Soil-Plant Interactions in Ipomoea asarifolia and Cynodon dactylon in Sudan Savanna Ecological Zone, Northwestern Nigeria

The interaction effects of two cover crops, Ipomoea asarifolia L. (Ders.) Roem & Schult and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. on soil properties was investigated. Soil samples (0-20 cm depth) taken before and after cover cropping were analyzed using appropriate methods. In the results, silt proportion shows marked improvement under cover cropping (8.37 to 20.52%) than in the control (7.90 to 9.25%). Increase in clay (2.15 to 2.50%) and decrease in sand (88.86 to 87.85%) were observed in soils under the cover cropping. The clay content under I. asarifolia (2.67 to 2.83%) did not vary significantly (P < 0.05) whereas that under C. dactylon (1.72 to 3.08%) had significant variation (P > 0.05). Bulk density (1.82 to 1.95g/cm and 1.69 to 1.85g/cm and moisture (1.25 to 1.33% and 1.83 to 2.25%) under I. asarifolia and C. dactylon respectively were lower than particle density (1.89 to 2.24 and 2.22 to 2.25 g/cm under I. asarifolia and C. dactylon respectively. Soil pH value ranges from moderately acidic (5.90) under C. dactylon to slightly acidic (6.47) under I. asarifolia. Organic carbon (0.24 to 0.29%) and organic matter (0.47 to 0.55%) were higher under C. dactylon. Nitrogen was higher (0.05 gkg) under I. asarifolia and lower (0.03 to 0.04 gkg) under C. dactylon. Available P was higher (0.88 to 0.93 gkg) under dense cover and lower (0.56 to 0.76 mg/kg) under sparse cover of the two species. Exchangeable bases were generally higher under cover cropping than in the control: Ca (0.35 to 0.62 cmolkg ), Mg (0.27 to 0.71 cmolkg) and K (0.90 to 1.09 cmolkg) were higher under I. asarifolia whereas Na (0.82 to 0.85 cmolkg ) was higher under C. dactylon. The mixed cover cropping of the two species, having higher CEC values of 3.45 and 3.55 cmolkg, is critical to sustenance of soil fertility against weather adversities and human activities. Cover cropping is best between farming seasons to avoid competition with cultivated crops.
In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Glyphosate Based Herbicide on Clarias Gariepinus (African Catfish Burchell, 1822)

The current study was undertaken to assess the acute (96hr) histopathological alterations in gill and liver tissues of Clarias gariepinus (juveniles) exposed to Glyphosate. Fish samples with mean weight range of 27.2 29.7g and mean length range of 10.95 -15.5cm were exposed to the 6-levels of concentrations of the herbicide (0.0, 4.50, 9.0, 13.5, 18.50 and 22.5mg/L respectively) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The gill and liver samples were collected and examined using standard methods. The 96 hr lethal concentration (LC50) at 95% confidence limits was 8.098 mg/L. Significant histological changes observed in the liver tissues include: presence of lipid granules, hepatocyte necrosis, cellular infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, haemorrhage and multifocal cellular degeneration. Lifting of epithelium thickening, distortion of the primary lamellae, degeneration of secondary lamellae, blood congestion and massive lamellae degeneration were observed in the gill tissues. It can be deduced that glyphosate exerted effect on the behavior, mortality profile and histology of the experimental fish. It is here by recommended that indiscriminate use of synthetic herbicides including glyphosate, should be reduced to the barest minimum due to their negative effect on aquatic biota such as fish and other non-target organisms.
A Linguistic Evaluation model for Engineering Systems

To make a decision of implementing a design for a large engineering system different design proposals are evaluated and ranked based on different criteria. The knowledge used to evaluate these proposals is usually vague and incomplete, we shall use fuzzy linguistic approaches and the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence to deal with it. In this contribution we propose an evaluation model for Engineering Systems based on the Safety, Cost and Technical performance criteria. The safety assessments will be obtained using fuzzy rulebased evidential reasoning (FURBER) approach and the cost and technical assessments are directly provided by the experts. The assessments for all the criteria are usually assessed in different utility spaces. The aim of this contribution is to develop a multi-granular linguistic decision model to evaluate different design options for an engineering system.
DISCUSSION ON MEANS OF EVALUATION FOR ALIMENTATIVE STATUS OF SURFACE WATER WITH NEMEROW POLLUTION INDEX

The present paper presents a new approach to the evaluation of water's alimentative level on the basis of modifying the Nemerow Formula. As is known, high alimentative water is a serious worldwide problem involving the environmental protection. The tendency of alimentative water has accelerating. Therefore, it is of great scientific as well as practical significance to know the actual level of the alimentative water in view of the economic construction and better environmental protection. However, there is still no efficient method for such evaluation practice in spite of the fact that traditional evaluation methods, though numerous, remain low efficient, for example, the subjectivity of the ecological evaluation, the unilateralism of index method and the complexity of mode evaluation. The author has quoted the Nemerow Formula and made some proper changes with it being used to evaluate the alimentative level of water. The paper comments on the feasibility and reliability, the item basis and actual application of the method. The experiment the author has done proves that our newly improved method is more feasible and credible than the traditional ones.
Estimating the Proportion of True Null Hypotheses: A Likelihood Approach

AbstractMany estimators for the proportion of the true null hypotheses in a multiple testing problem have been proposed in literature. Motivated from the work on the histogram approach, in this article we propose a new estimator based on the likelihood function with an approximating alternative histogram. AIC is used to select the number of bins for the histogram. Simulation study demonstrates that the new estimator outperforms and substantially improves existing methods including Storey estimators, convex density estimator, and histogram estimator. The new method is applied to a real-life data set of breast cancer.