Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proglacial icings as records of winter hydrological processes

Abstract. The ongoing warming of cold regions is affecting hydrological processes, causing deep changes, such as a ubiquitous increase in river winter discharges. The drivers of this increase are not yet fully identified mainly due to the lack of observations and field measurements in cold and remote environments. In order to provide new insights into the sources generating winter runoff, the present study explores the possibility of extracting information from icings that form over the winter and are often still present early in the summer. Primary sources detection was performed using time-lapse camera images of icings found in both proglacial fields and upper alpine meadows in June 2016 in two subarctic glacierized catchments in the upper part of the Duke watershed in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon. As images alone are not sufficient to entirely cover a large and hydrologically complex area, we explore the possibility of compensating for that limit by using four supplementary methods based on natural tracers: (a) stable water isotopes, (b) water ionic content, (c) dissolved organic carbon, and (d) cryogenic precipitates. The interpretation of the combined results shows a complex hydrological system where multiple sources contribute to icing growth over the studied winter. Glaciers of all sizes, directly or through the aquifer, represent the major parent water source for icing formation in the studied proglacial areas. Groundwater-fed hillslope tributaries, possibly connected to suprapermafrost layers, make up the other detectable sources in icing remnants. If similar results are confirmed in other cold regions, they would together support a multi-causal hypothesis for a general increase in winter discharge in glacierized catchments. More generally, this study shows the potential of using icing formations as a new, barely explored source of information on cold region winter hydrological processes that can contribute to overcoming the paucity of observations in these regions.
Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities-Manual on the Measurement of Human Resources Devoted to S&T-Canberra Manual

The Manual on the Measurement of Human Resources devoted to S&T (the "Canberra Manual") was issued in 1995. It was prepared in close co-operation between the OECD and the DGXII/Eurostat of the European Commission, other OECD Directorates, UNESCO and the International Labour Office (ILO), with the support of national experts. Drawing on best international and national practice and classifications, the "Canberra Manual" provides definitions of human resources devoted to science and technology in terms of qualification (levels and fields of study) and occupation and discusses a number of variables of policy interest. LinkToContentAt: http://dx.doi. org/10.1787/9789264065581-en Knowledge Type: Thematic report [1] Other Tag: human resources in science and technology [2] international standards [3] Frascati Manual [4] training [5] jobs [6] data collection [7] labour force surveys [8] skill levels [9] labour market [10] life sciences [11] engineering [12]
The separation of the α-chains of collagen by free-flow electrophoresis

: 1. The separation of the alpha-components of codfish-skin and calf-skin collagen from the higher-molecular-weight components was accomplished by gel filtration with Bio-Gel P-300 resin in 5m-lithium chloride and at pH7.4. 2. From this fraction three distinct alpha-components, corresponding to the alpha1-, alpha2- and alpha3- chains of collagen, were isolated by free-flow electrophoresis in 6m-urea at 4 degrees . At the temperatures and pH values used there was no detectable degradation of the alpha-chains.
Impact of Price Reduction Sensitivity on Brand Switching and Storage: The Case of Saudi Arabia

Sensitivity to price promotions has recently caught the attention of marketing researchers and professionals. It is true that lowering prices makes it possible to attract customers who are sensitive to such reductions, but is it profitable for the company to target those who are most sensitive to price reductions? The assumption is that sensitivity to price reductions reinforces brand switching and decreases re-purchasing rates. In order to test the relationships between the different variables, a two-section questionnaire was designed. The first section probes for information on the brands usually acquired and the second section targets re-purchasing behavior after buying at a price reduction. Thus, 231 Saudi female consumers were selected as a sample representing voluntary purchasers of hand washing powder. The results of this study highlight the impact of price reduction sensitivity on post-purchase behavior.
Eating control and eating behavior modification to reduce abdominal obesity: a 12-month randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Abdominal obesity is associated with metabolic disorders, and, in recent years, its prevalence in Korea has continuously increased. The change of lifestyle, particularly diet, is critical for the reduction of abdominal obesity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention focused on dietary self-efficacy and behaviors on the improvement of abdominal obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS Abdominally obese adults with additional cardiovascular risk factors were recruited through 16 medical facilities in South Korea from the year 2013 to 2014. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: an intensive intervention group (IG) that received a multi-component intervention to reduce abdominal obesity, by mainly focusing on dietary attitude and dietary behavior change, and a minimal information intervention group (MG) that received a brief explanation of health status and a simple recommendation for a lifestyle change. The interventions were provided for 6 mon, and health examinations were conducted at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-mon follow-ups. A path analysis was conducted to identify the process governing the changes in abdominal obesity. RESULTS The IG showed an improvement in self-efficacy for eating control and diet quality at 6-mon follow-up. Abdominal obesity improved in both groups. Waist circumference was observed to be decreased through the path of “improved self-efficacy for eating control in food availability—eating restriction—improved dietary quality” in IG. Most changes in follow-ups were not significantly different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS The intensive program targeting the modification of dietary behavior influenced management of abdominal obesity, and the effect occurred through a step-by-step process of change in attitude and behavior. Generally, improvements were also seen in the MG, which supports the necessity of regular health check-ups and brief consultation. The results can be used for further development and implementation of more successful interventions. Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0000762
Measurements of Indoor Radon Concentrations in Selected Educational Institutions and Homes in Jericho City-Palestine

In this study, the indoor radon concentrations (CRn), and other radiological effects on some educational institutions and homes in Jericho city, Palestine were investigated. Nuclear track detector type CR-39 (SSNTD) was used to measure track density of alpha particles emitted from radon and its progeny. The radon concentrations in the corresponding buildings have been found to vary from 27.8 to 962, 20.5 to 391 and 43.8 to177 Bqm -3 ; with average values of 142.5, 97.6 and 110.0 Bqm -3 in Al-Istiqlal University, schools, and homes and kindergarten, respectively. The highest and lowest of radon concentrations were found in the first and second floor, respectively. The indoor concentration of radon in many rooms was considerably higher than the levels prescribed by WHO (100 Bqm -3 ) and UNSCEAR (40 Bqm -3 ). The total average values of the annual effective dose in the studied educational institutions and homes are 3.05 mSvy –1 . This value is within the action level of 3-10 mSvy –1 recommended by ICRP (1993), but it is higher than the global average of 1.15 mSvy –1 as recommended by UNSCEAR (2000). Thus, according to the annual exposure dose data, the students and inhabitance are not safe in most of the rooms from radiation point of view. The average of LCC risk for different rooms in the area under investigation varies from 21.2 person per million per year to 123.5 person per million per year with a total average value of 55.0 person per million per year.
Does the shape of the road influences wildlife roadkills? Evidence from a highway in Central Andes of Colombia

The highway infrastructures are a source of multiple environmental problems; one of the worst effects on wildlife is roadkill. Most of the research on roadkill has focused on how certain aspects, such as seasons, traffic density, and location of roadways, among others affect wildlife mortality on roads. However, little attention has been paid to understanding how the geometric design of roads affects wildlife mortality. On a highway in the Central Andes of Colombia, we investigated if the geometric design, specifically horizontal alignment and vertical curves of the road, influence the mortality of vertebrate animals on roadways. We determined the number of the straight lines, circular, transition curves, and vertical convex curves along the entire route of the highway (13.9 km), and from April 2018 to December 2019, we made 336 surveys in search of wildlife roadkill. We then investigated the relation of animal deaths to different road shapes. Out of 95 roadkill, reptile deaths made up 47% of the total. We found no dependence on the distribution of deaths by class of animals on the road shape; the shape in which most deaths occurred was a straight line (58 deaths). However, when the proportion of mortality events per meter was analysed on the shape units on the road, we found that circular and transition curves presented two and three times (respectively) a higher proportion of mortality events per meter than the straight lines. Roadkill hotspots were found in curved segments and were not associated only with riparian forest. The curved sections present more dangerous geometric designs than the straight lines for wildlife, regardless of their length on the road. Our research indicates that the relationship of the geometric design of roads needs to be considered in the development of management and conservation plans of altered ecosystems with the road infrastructure.
Where is my Mind? Separating the Self from the Body through Perspective Taking

Recent theories suggest that self-consciousness, in its most elementary form, is separate from the own body. Patients with psychosis frequently misattribute their thoughts and actions to external sources; and in certain out-of-body experiences, lucid states, and dreams body-ownership is absent but self-identification is preserved. We hypothesized that self-identification depends on inferring self-location at the right Angular Gyrus (perspective-taking). This process relates to the discrimination of self-produced signals (endogenous attention) from environmental stimulation (exogenous attention). We combined a Full-body Illusion paradigm with brain stimulation (HD-tDCS) and found a clear causal association between right Angular Gyrus activation and alterations in self-location (perspective-taking). Anodal versus sham HD-tDCS resulted in: a more profound out-of-body shift (with reduced sense-of-agency); and a weakened ability to discriminate self from other perspectives. We conclude that self-identification is mediated in the brain by inferring self-location (perspective-taking). Self-identification can be decoupled from the bodily self, explaining phenomena associated with disembodiment.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS ISOLATED FROM SAUDI ARABIA

A total of 34 samples were collected from chicken and pigeon flocks suspected to have Newcastle disease. NDV virus was isolated and identified by inoculation into the allantoic cavity of Specific–pathogen- free chicken eggs followed by hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test. Furthermore, these isolates were geno-typically analysed using RT-PCR with specific primers flanking a 270 bp region representing the hypervariable region of F gene and the PCR-product was sequenced and compared to the previously published sequences. In this study, the F protein of 34 Saudi NDV isolates phylogram revealed clustering with NDVs representing lineage 2,4 and 5.
Duty of Karius: Media Framing of Concussion Following the 2018 UEFA Champions League Final

Concussion is a growing issue within sport, including within soccer. Despite the developing medical understanding of concussion, there is still an array of sociocultural discourses and misconceptions around it. In the 2018 UEFA Champions League Final, Liverpool Football Club goalkeeper Loris Karius suffered a head collision in the 48th minute. Postmatch, he was subsequently diagnosed as being concussed. As a result of his concussion, Karius’ performance was arguably impeded, with suggestions that this may have resulted in him making some key errors in the game. Through an analysis of media framing in 52 news articles in the days following the incident, four dominant frames were identified: deflection away from concussion, misunderstanding concussion, education on concussion, and recommendations. Frames that focussed on the lack of awareness and preventative measures that are present in soccer served to highlight the lack of significance afforded to concussion at this particular point in time. In particular, we highlight differences in concussion discourses between those working inside and outside the soccer industry. Overall, these findings contribute to the growing body of sociological work examining concussion in sport.
Exploring trajectories of shifting-cultivation landscapes

25 1. Understanding landscape change starts with understanding what motivates farmers to 26 transition away from one system, shifting cultivation, into another, like plantation crops, given 27 that they often have limited labour and money available. In this study we explored the 28 resource allocation strategies of the farmers of the Karbi tribe in Northeast India, who practise 29 a traditional shifting cultivation system called jhum. 30 2. Through Companion Modelling, a participatory modelling framework, we developed a model 31 of the local farming system in the form of a role playing game. Within this environment local 32 jhum farmers participated in a simulation that covered 18 years of farming, while also allowing 33 us to analyse the impacts of their decisions together. 34 3. In the game, farmers allocated labour and cash to meet household needs, while also investing 35 in new opportunities like bamboo, rubber and tea, or the chance to improve their living 36 standards. When given new opportunities, the farmers were eager to embrace those options 37 where investment costs, especially monetary investments, are low. 38 4. Returns on these investments were not automatically re-invested in further long-term, more 39 expensive and promising opportunities. Instead, most of the money is spend on improving the 40 household living standards, and especially on the education of the next generation. 41 5. The landscape changed profoundly as a result of the farmer strategies. Natural ecological 42 succession was replaced by an improved fallow of marketable bamboo species. Plantations of 43 tea and rubber became more prevalent as time progressed. However, old practises that ensure 44 food security are not yet given up. 45
Sedimentology and Economic Significance of Hangu Formation, Northwest Pakistan

The Hangu Formation (Paleocene) consists of sandstone, siltstone, carbonaceous shale, coal and laterite. It is well exposed in the Trans Indus Surghar range and the southern Hazara basin. The sandstone is yellowish brown, fine to coarse grained and medium to thick bedded. The sandstone of the Hangu Formation is classified as quartz arenite on the Q-F-L diagram. It is mostly grain supported and are cemented by silica cement. The study of different stratigraphic sections reveal that Hangu Formation can be sub-divided into a number of lithofacies on the basis of sedimentary structures and lithological variations. These include lateritic lithofacies, coal and carbonaceous shale, cross-bedded sandstone, bioclastic limestone and bioturbated sandstone. All these lithofacies are well-developed in the Baroch Nala section of the Surghar range except the lateritic lithofacies which contains a thin bed of ferruginous clay. In the studied sections of the Hazara basin, the lateritic lithofacies is the only well-developed lithofacies present in the area. The coal occurs at two stratigraphic levels in the Baroch Nala section. The lower coal seam is thick and its chemical study indicates higher calorific value and carbon content than the upper coal seam and with low moisture/ash content. On the basis of the calorific value, the coal of the Hangu Formation is characterized as high volatile bituminous. The degree of laterization is strong in the Langrial and Khanpur sections and moderate in Baroch Nala section.
Productivity Analysis of Modified Farm Tractors in Forwarding Industrial Wood Products

Public demands for forest products and services have been increasing gradually in many countries all over the world. Among the forest products, mostly round woods are produced in Turkey due to high economic value. On the other hand, there is a signifi cant increase in demand for industrial woods in the domestic market in recent years. The reason behind this increase is the need of domestic companies in the wood-based panel industry for a large amount of wood raw material. Farm tractors are the most widely used forest machinery in the extraction of industrial wood in Turkey. Farm tractors can be effectively used in mechanized harvesting operations after receiving some modifi cations and additional attachments. The modifi ed farm tractors are affordable machinery for small logging contractors since their initial purchasing costs and hourly operating costs are quite low comparing with the forest harvesting equipment (i.e. skidder, forwarder, cable yarder). In this study, productivity of a modifi ed farm tractor was analyzed during forwarding of industrial wood products. The study was implemented in Pinus nigra stand located in (? ) the city of Afyonkarahisar in Turkey. In the study, the effects of forwarding distance on productivity were evaluated using statistical analysis. The results indicated that the most time-consuming work stage was unloading the truck and piling the wood products at the landing area, followed by ( in terms of time-consumption) collecting woods and loading the tractor at the stump. The average productivity of the forwarding operation was 6.06 stere/h (stere is the amount of wood pile with the height, width, and depth of one meter). It was also found that the productivity of the forwarding was signifi cantly affected by the forwarding distance.
Oceanographic and biological features in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem

An active and fruitful collaboration has been established with our partner in this project, the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). Twelve of its experts have contributed as authors or co-authors of many of the articles. In their articles they have not only shared their expertise, but the know-how gained by the IEO throughout decades of international cooperation programs with African countries.
REAL-TIME DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM APPLIED TO DISTRIBUTION UTILITY DISPATCHES

A distribution utility has to deal with several customer calls regarding grid maintenance or energy issues. Generally, when the proper channels receive a call from the customers, the reported issue pass through a screening phase and, in the end, a maintenance team is sent to the location to solve the problem. However, not all problems are responsibility of the company, generating an unnecessary displacement for the maintenance team, a problem denominated as “improper dispatch”. Improper dispatches generate high costs regarding fuel and logistic. Besides, a high number of improper dispatches can result in heavy penalties to the company since the staff is not available to attend customers that really would need assistance. For tackling this problem, we propose a supervised machine learning solution that uses the customer calls information to classify when a call is improper or not. Our first results indicate that our model achieves up to 80% of assertiveness within a real dataset from the industry. In this work, we show how we built this model, pre-processed the information and, how this solution can be applied to decrease maintenance costs inside an energy company.
Analysis of Seismic Methods Used for Subsea Hydrocarbon Exploration

Subsea hydrocarbon exploration comprises detection and estimation of shape, depth, volume and other physical properties of hydrocarbon fields within the Earth’s subsurface layers. Marine seismic survey is a process that generally includes sending seismic waves into seabed and recording the intensity and travel time of reflected seismic waves to determine the subsurface features of the Earth. Different methods, equipment and techniques are used to conduct a survey, from sea surface seismic arrays to seabed local seismic station networks. In this paper different widely used seismic methods are presented, together with their advantages and drawbacks. Furthermore, new methods that are being developed and tested for future approach to more advanced and efficient seismic exploration are presented.
Teaching a Student with Poor Performance in Mathematics to Recall of Multiplication Facts Using Simultaneous Prompting with Systematic Review and Corrective Feedback

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of the Simultaneous Prompting (SP) package jointly with the systematic review and corrective feedback in teaching a student with poor performance in mathematics to recall the multiplication facts. One of the single subject designs, the multiple probes design across behaviors (sets) is used in this study. The participant is an 11 years old female student at the 6th grade who has not been diagnosed with any disability but has been getting support because of her poor performance in mathematics than her peers. The dependent variable of this study is the skill of recall multiplication facts with the sets of 3, 5 and 8. The independent variable of the study is the SP package jointly with the systematic review and corrective feedback. Results show that the SP was effective in teaching the student with low mathematical performance to the skill of recall the multiplication facts. The student generalized the learned multiplication facts to another teacher and different setting and maintained her performance on the 15th and 45th days following the systematic reviews. Considering the findings of social validity, it has been determined that the teacher presented positive opinions, as she became happy with that achievement and the method is a way, which can be adopted and implemented by all teachers. These results indicate the acceptability of the SP package and results of the study are highly meaningful. Implications and future research needs are discussed.