Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of single window system on customs administration at Victoria falls border post in Zambia

Zambia Revenue Authority Act Number 23 of 1994 mandates Customs to manage export and import formalities for international trade. In Zambia, there has been poor customs administration due to numerous pieces of legislations which conflict in their implementations. In the recent past the Zambian government has strived to improve Boader formalities through the introduction of the Single Window System (SWS) which cuts down on a number of formalities but integrates them into a single window with various components including information communication technology (ICT), trade regulation (TR) and trade facilitation (TF). In this study, the researcher used a deducted approach to test the relationship between Single Window System and Customs administration. Data was collected using a survey method and 350 respondents comprising various stakeholders at Victoria Boarder answered a questionnaire. The study showed overall that ICT, TR and TF sit statistically Significant to determining Customs Administration and therefore is a significant predictor of customs administration. However, the coefficient results show that ICT is not a predictor of customs administration and was marred with lots of poor internet connectivity and lack of electricity. The study recommends an improvement of internet facility and improved energy source since the single window system is anchored in ICT. Further, the study recommends that staff must be trained in various aspects of single window administration.
Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy and Instrumentation Time of Manual K- Files and Two Different Rotary Systems (ProTaper Next and Pro AF Rotary Files) in Pulpectomy of Primary Molars: An In Vitro Study

Objective: To compare the cleaning efficacy and instrumentation time of manual Kfiles and two rotary files (ProTaper Next and Pro AF Baby Gold files) in pulpectomy of primary molars. Materials and methods: A total of 72 root canals of 57 extracted primary molars (mandibular and maxillary teeth) were divided into three groups; Group I: Manual Kfiles (M), Group II: ProTaper Next (PTN), Group III: Pro AF Baby Gold (PAF). An insulin syringe was used to inject India ink into all of the root canals. In all groups, the instrumentation time was measured by a digital chronometer. The remaining traces of ink after instrumentation were evaluated by a stereomicroscope to analyze the cleaning efficacy. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in cleaning efficacy among or within the 3 files systems in the (coronal, middle, and apical thirds), however, PTN and PAF files showed the best cleaning efficacy at the apical third. Kfiles had the significantly highest instrumentation time compared to PTN and PAF files. Conclusion: Rotary files can be a fast and efficient alternative in the pulpectomy of deciduous molars.
Cryptocurrency Competition and Dynamics

We build a model of competition among privately issued cryptocurrencies. We use a well-known monetary economics environment, the Lagos-Wright model, and include founders who can issue their own currencies in order to maximize their utility. Founders are endowed with productive capital that allows them to invest in projects that span multiple periods. We find that the presence of productive capital allows for global equilibrium under free entry assumptions. Without productive capital, we find that a continuum of stable and unstable equilibrium solutions exist within the same model
Speech in Noise Ability in Patients with Central Auditory Processing Disorders (CAPDs)

Background: Central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) tend to affect an individual’s ability to understand speech, especially in difficult listening conditions. Objective: To study speech-in-noise (SIN) ability in cases of central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) subjectively by Arabic Hearing in Noise Test (A-HINT) and objectively by Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (S-ABR) with ipsilateral noise. Patients and Methods: Subjects included in this study will be divided into 2 groups: a control group which included 30 normal hearing subjects (17 males and 13 females). Their age ranged from 6 to 17 years. All subjects had normal developmental milestones and normal speech development. The Study group included 30 normal hearing subjects (18 males and 12 females). Their age ranged from 7 to 16 years. These subjects had central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) diagnosed by central auditory screening tests. Both groups were tested using Arabic HINT and Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (S-ABR) with ipsilateral noise. Results: Comparison between control and study groups as regards the Arabic HINT revealed statistically significant differences in noise conditions. Using S-ABR significant difference was found in onset and offset response waves latency in noise conditions also. Conclusion: Patients with CAPDs have speech in noise ability affection proved by affected HINT in noise conditions and by delayed SABR with ipsilateral noise latencies in onsetoffset responses.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis Methods and its Effect on Morphology: A Review

Zinc oxide is an important material with numerous applications due to its unique properties. Due to their thermal and chemical stability are used in wide applications such as LEDs, sensors, catalysts, and photodetectors. Different chemical, physical, and biological methods have been adopted to achieve the intended result, as enumerated in many pieces of literature. Therefore, selecting an efficient synthesis process is essential, which is a key factor that significantly influences the efficacy of the synthesized nanocrystalline materials. The chemical synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) via hydrothermal, solvothermal, and sol-gel routes is considered effective as high-quality crystalline structures are produced. Control of parameters of processes yields excellent morphological features of the synthesized samples. This review explored the different parameters of processes and their effect on the morphology of ZnO nanostructures via hydrothermal, solvothermal, and sol-gel techniques. Finally, some ZnO nanocomposites molecules are reviewed as per the dopant used and its effect on the sample compound synthesized.
Molecular characterization of organic aerosol in the Himalayas: insight from ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry

Abstract. An increased trend in aerosol concentration has been observed in the Himalayas in recent years, but the understanding of the chemical composition and sources of aerosol remains poorly understood. In this study, molecular chemical composition of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from two filter samples collected during two high aerosol loading periods (denoted as P1 and P2) at a high-altitude station (Qomolangma Station, QOMS; 4276 m a.s.l.) in the northern Himalayas was identified using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR MS). More than 4000 molecular formulas were identified in each filter sample which were classified into two compound groups (CHO and CHON) based on their elemental composition, with both accounting for nearly equal contributions in number (45 %–55 %). The relative abundance weighted mole ratio of O∕Cw for P1 and P2 was 0.43 and 0.39, respectively, and the weighted double bond equivalents (DBEw), an index for the saturation of organic molecules, were 7.12 and 7.87, respectively. Although the O∕Cw mole ratio was comparable for CHO and CHON compounds, the DBEw was significantly higher in CHON compounds than CHO compounds. More than 50 % molecular formulas in the Van Krevelen (VK) diagram (H∕C vs. O∕C) were located in 1–1.5 (H∕C) and 0.2–0.6 (O∕C) regions, suggesting potential lignin-like compounds. The distributions of CHO and CHON compounds in the VK diagram, DBE vs. number of C atoms, and other diagnostic diagrams showed high similarities among each other, suggesting their similar source and/or atmospheric processes. Many formulas formed from biogenic volatile organic compounds (e.g., ozonolysis of α-pinene products) and biomass-burning-emitted compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds) were found in the WSOM, suggesting the important contribution of these two sources in the Himalayas. The high DBE and high fraction of nitrogen-containing aerosol can potentially impact aerosol light absorption in this remote region. Further comprehensive study is needed due to the complexity of organic aerosol and limited molecular number identified in this study.
ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN S- TRANSFORMATIONS AND THEIR MUTUALISTIC RELATIONSHIPS WITH INORGANIC-S COMPONENTS AND DISTRIBUTIONS IN SALT AFFECTED SOILS

A comprehensive experimental study was conducted at three locations reflecting the semi-arid conditions of Kafr El-Sheikh governorate. The selected soils are slightly salt-affected and irrigated in non-rational rates for a long-time with different sources of wastewaters, under different drainage conditions. A novel conceptual diagram was constructed to integrate the main labile and stable inorganic-S fractions and the ways by which their amounts are determined and calculated. The aim of this study was to assess the biochemical activity of some soil enzymes involved in S-transformations and gain informations about the standing stocks and distributions of all inorganic-S fractions in studied soils under different drainage conditions. Statistical of treatment of the obtained data, could be summarized as follows:  Grand mean value of biological enzymes activity was 328.4 nanomoles SCN released.g soil.hour for rhodanese, meanwhile, dehydrogenases activity was 9.41 μg TPF produced. g soil. hour.  Total-S pool recorded 300 mg S. kg soil, its standing stock 257.48 kg S. fed, which was within the normal range reported in other regions.  Inorganic-S value was 111.3 mg S. kg soil, its standing stock 96.6 kg S. fed. Percentage total-S in inorganic-S accounted for 37.7%, which was only a minor fraction compared to the major fraction of organic-S. However, the content of this fraction was higher than reported from temperate and subtropical regions.  Inorganic sulfate-S content was 106.2 mg S. kg, its percentage distribution expressed as % of total-S and of inorganic-S accounted for 36.3% and 95.6, which was the dominate fraction of inorganic-S fraction. This fraction was more pronounced in studied semi-arid soils in comparison with those reported in other regions. Its value had a positive correlation with soil clay content.  Easily soluble and adsorbed sulfate-S contents were 82.1 and 1.8 mg S. kg soil, their percentage distributions accounted for 77.6% and 1.3% of inorganic sulfate-S. Soluble sulfate-S was the major S form of inorganic sulfate-S and at the same time was greater in comparison with reported in literature. Adsorbed sulfate-S had the opposite trend and negative correlation with soil pH as well as positive with clay content.  Dissolved sulfate-S fraction contains insoluble sulfate-S plus Co-precipitated/Cocrystallized with CaCO3. Its value was 22.3 mg S-kg soil accounted for 21.1% of inorganic sulfate-S, which was positive correlated with CaCO3 content.  Inorganic non-sulfate-S value was 5.2 mg S. kg, accounted for 4.4% of inorganicS, which was greater than reported in other regions and had a positive correlation with CaCO2 content. Oxygenic highly oxidized-S form and lowly oxidized-S plus reduced-S forms were 4.2 and 0.99 mg S. kg soil, accounted for 84.2% and 15.8% of inorganic non-sulfate-S.
EFFECT OF SOME GROWTH PROMOTERS ON PERFORMANCE OF WHITE AND BROWN BOVANS LAYERS

A total number of 570 Bovans hens was used in this experiment. Hens were classified into two equal strains (White and Brown) of 285 hens each and were divided into 3 treatments, each of 95 hens. One experimental cornsoybean meal diets was formulated. The basal diet contained 19.0% CP and 2800 Kcal ME/Kg diet was fed during the laying period. Two types of probiotics were supplemented to the diet (2 kg/ton) to study their effects on productive performance commercial laying hens compared to the control diet (without growth promoters):1Choong Ang Yeast Culture (CYC-100) is a unique live yeast culture product (saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.510x10 11 CFU/ kg) and 2More Yeast (MY) is a unique dead yeast culture (saccharomyces cerevisiae). Hens in all treatments were kept under a similar management system. The obtained results were summarized as follows:  It can be concluded that Brown Bovans had significantly better feed conversion (FC) and economic of efficiency than White Bovans being 5.60 g feed/ g egg mass and 0.747 vs 7.00g feed/ g egg mass and 0.723. The MY treatment had higher economical efficiency of 0.777 than other the treatments.  The White Bovans had significantly higher egg production % with lower egg weight (EW) than the Brown Bovans being 72.81% and 54.66g vs 68.80% and 55.81g, respectively. Hens fed the diets supplemented with CYC-100 and MY had higher egg production%, EW and egg mass (EM) than those fed the control diet. The highest egg production%, EW and EM were shown during the period from 29-32 weeks of age being 90.65%, 60.42 and 4922.05g, respectively.  White Bovans had significantly higher haematocrit value (Ht %) and haemoglobin value (g/dl) than the Brown Bovans (25.76% and 9.64g/100ml vs 24.30% and 9.05g/100ml, P≤0.05). Hens fed the MY supplemented diets had lower Ht% and Hb of 24.19% and 8.87g/100ml than the other treatments.  Diets supplemented with both CYC-100 and MY\ had lower cholesterol content than those fed the control diet. It can be seen that as birds advanced in age and production, both Ht% and Hb gradually increased. The period from 21-24 weeks of age had the lowest Ht, Hb and cholesterol estimates of 21.55% 8.13g/100ml and 149.05mg/dl.
Bio-Inspired Supramolecular Membranes: A Pathway to Separation and Purification of Emerging Pollutants

Supramolecular membranes based separation and/or purification is an emerging technology with tunable capabilities for several applications. The proposed applications include water desalination, wastewater treatment, and separation and purification of emerging pollutants alleviating the global issue of freshwater scarcity. Advanced water purification and separation methods are required on priority to meet the demand of a growing world population. Owing to their unique physiochemical and structural properties in combination with reversible and highly selective nature, supramolecular materials are gaining research interests to engineer multifunctional separation membranes. These materials give excellent properties to the separating membranes when used with commercial crosslinked polyamide network membranes and are cost-effective from the operational viewpoint. Herein, an effort has been made to review several types of supramolecular biomimetic membranes that include pressure-driven membranes, bio-inspired supramolecular water channels, aquaporin, advanced planar aquaporin, vesicular aquaporin-based biomimetic membranes, and catecholamine-based supramolecular membranes. Several nanopore-sized materials are being developed based on aquaporin water channels, and mussel inspired catecholamines for high-performance separation membranes. This review also evaluates these technologies identifying recent progresses and commercial aspects in nanofiltration and reverse osmosis applications.
Software Estimation

The new technique originated by S.Banks was further developed in this study for the measurement of 3D motjon from 2D perspeetive projection$ of an artMcjal knee joint's silhouette. The technique uses mcasured perspcctive surface geometry to imp]ement a contour matching based positien/orientation estimation scheme. Computer model studies and in vitre calibration experiments indicated that the Iechnique could archive sufficient accuracies for model studies while not for in vitro experiments in some aspects. IL is proposed that this technique can provide an unique and valuable new tool for quantifying Ihe performance of existing total knee designs and for developing improved knec replacement devices.
Pastor

Chapter 4 focuses on how Pastor reinvents the social role of the street pastor for the digital street era. The chapter examines Pastor’s uses of social media and mobile communication to anticipate youth violence and mobilize neighborhood adults. But Pastor’s intervention falls short of lasting peace. This chapter discusses the possibilities and limitations of Pastor’s role within the bigger question of what adults other than police can do to control teenagers involved in street conflict. It draws on the author’s experience “running with Pastor,” which reveals the broad scope of Pastor’s online and offline operation as well as its practical shortcomings outside the umbrella of the Harlem Children’s Zone.
Structural, Electronic, and Electrical Properties of an Undoped n-Type CdO Thin Film with High Electron Concentration

Transparent conducting metal oxides (TCOs) combine the properties of optical transparency in the visible region with a high electrical conductivity. They are a critical component as the window electrode in liquid crystal and electroluminescent display devices, as well as in many designs of solar cells now under development. Sn-doped In2O3 is currently the most important TCO, but it suffers from some drawbacks. These include the high cost of indium, weak optical absorption in the blue-green region, as well as chemical instability that leads to corrosion phenomena in organic light-emitting devices. Indium tin oxide (ITO) films are also brittle and of relatively low durability. A number of other systems are therefore of interest as potential alternatives to Sn-doped In2O3. Recently, CdO has received considerable attention because of its high intrinsic dopability, which coupled with excellent Hall mobilities gives a high electrical conductivity. In the present study we have explored the structure, electronic,.
LABORATORY CLASSES REGARDING THE BIOSENSORS FIELD IN UNIVERSITY OF PERPIGNAN AND TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY OF BRASOV

The paper illustrates the results of the cooperation between students and teachers from University of Perpignan and Transilvania University of Brasov in the field of biosensors, considered as one of the new and easy to use techniques in environmental, medicine and food monitoring. This new collaboration started in the frame of Erasmus/Socrates Program. In this study, one of the laboratory classes’ subject is presented: effect of water chlorinating on methyl chlorpyrifos toxicity. This topic is already implemented in the University of Perpignan and could be easy to be introduced in curricula of Faculty of Medicine/ Medical College from Transilvania University of Brasov too. Some didactic issues regarding the implementation of this technique are also discussed.
Enhancement of Depleted Loam Soil as Well as Cucumber Productivity Utilizing Biochar Under Water Stress

ABSTRACT Biochar has recently received increased attention because it improves poor soil fertility. However, its potentiality to enhance soil physical properties under water stress conditions not yet deeply investigated. Hence, extensive field investigations were carried out to study the effects of biochar addition (BA) with deficit irrigation (DI) on soil bulk density (BD), porosity percentage (P%), soil moisture content (SMC%), soil hydraulic conductivity (K), cucumber yield and water use efficiency (WUE) during two consecutive seasons (2016 and 2017). The biochar treatments were B0 (0 ton ha−1), B1 (10 ton ha−1and B2 (20 ton ha−1), while the DI treatments were 1.0 (W1), 0.60 (W2) and 0.40 (W3) of the reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The parameters were measured at soil depths of 0–10 (d1), 10–20 (d2) and 20–30 cm (d3) for measurement periods of before sowing (P1), mid-season (P2) and after harvest (P3). The results showed that the B2W1 combination gave the highest yield (57 and 45.2 t ha−1), WUE (10.94 and 11.27 kg m−3), SMC (39.2 and 40.1%) in both seasons, respectively. The B2W3 had the highest porosity (47.5 and 46.1%) values at the d1. Meanwhile, the lowest soil BD values of 1.1 and 1.05 g cm−3 were obtained by the B2W1 at d1 for 2.16 and 2017, respectively. Statistically, most of the parameters studied under B2W2 and B0W1 had non-significant differences between them. Hence, the addition of biochar with DI could be an integrated approach to address the drought stress, while enhancing soil and plant properties.
Experimental study on separating some molybdenum ore by using cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column

For some granule molybdenum ore with high oxidation ration,unhomogeneous dissemination and ease to slime which is difficult to separate,a new technological flowsheet was developed to solve the recovery of the granule molybdenum ore. The granule molybdenum ore under 0.020 mm was separated by using hydrocyclone,then processed with high efficiency and energy consumption-saving mineral processing equipment,cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column. In the experiment,the kerosene was used as collector,pine oil as frother,sodium silicate as dispersant and gangue minerals inhibitor. The effect of several parameters on floatation efficiency,namely,the feed capacity,pressure of circulating pump and the dosage of sodium silicate,pine oil,kerosene were systemically investigated. The flowsheets,i.e.,the closed-circuit of one stage roughing one stage scavenging and two stage cleanings,and the closed-circuit of one stage roughing and two stage cleanings,were adopted to process raw ore containing Mo of 0.181%. The results show that the molybdenum concentrates containing Mo of 24.64% and recovery rate of 54.33% are obtained. Simultaneously,the technological flowsheet for the recovery of the granule molybdenum ore is shortened obviously.
Multifunctional Energy- and Space-Saving Reactor for the Treatment of Landfill Leachate. Year II. Incorporation of Electrocoagulation

1 page only) In our prior research, we designed a multifunctional energyand space-saving reactor and tested the designed reactor for the treatment of landfill leachate with high ammonium, chloride and heavy metal contents. It has been demonstrated that this unique design provides an efficient and energyand space-saving means of onsite management of landfill leachate. To further reduce the chemical costs and simplify the operation, electrocoagulation was incorporated into the multifunctional reactor in this research for enhanced arsenic and phosphorus removal. In addition, two stages of fiber filtration/biofiltration were included after electrocoagulation to ensure the removal of micro-sized coagulated particles and decomposition of residual organic compounds. This technology makes the onsite leachate treatment possible, which may reduce the current high costs of off-site leachate disposal means such as transporting landfill leachate via tanker trucks to local wastewater treatment plants. This efficient, low-maintenance and cost-saving multifunctional reactor can be recommended for the treatment of landfill leachate with variable compositions at landfill sites where current leachate disposal costs are high and spaceand environmental concerns limit other long-term options.