Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cytotoxic Effects of Ferula Persica var. Persica and Ferula Hezarlalehzarica against HepG2, A549, HT29, MCF7 and MDBK Cell Lines

Cancers belong to a group of disorders which are very important for researchers. Because they have several types and cause mortality in human beings. Many investigations are performing in order to introduce cheaper drugs with lower side effects especially with natural sources. Ferula genus grows all over the world but some of them are endemic to Iran. Many investigations have proved different biological activity of these plants. It has been established that some Ferula species have cytotoxic activity. In the present study, cytotoxic effects of F. persica var. persica and F. hezarlalezarica which are endemic to Iran have been evaluated against tumor cell lines MCF7, HepG2, HT29, A549, and a normal cell line MDBK using MTT method. Total extracts of the plants aerial parts were prepared by 80% methanol and maceration method. Different fractions of the plants were obtained using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, pure or 50% methanol. Total extracts and different fractions were used for MTT assay. The results showed that among the examined samples, only hexane and chloroform fractions of the plants had cytotoxic effects up to concentration of 100 μg/ml. So that, extracts of F. persica var. persica were more cytotoxic than F. hezarlalezarica (IC50s, 22.3-71.8 μg/ml for F. persica var. persica and 76.7-105.3 μg/ml for F. hezarlalehzarica). It seems that both plants are suitable for further investigations in cancer researches.
Concept Drift Detection in Histogram-Based Straightforward Data Stream Prediction

Mainstream research in concept drift detection for on-line classification focuses on monitoring a measure of the learner’s performance, thus assuming that a reduction of its prediction ability implies a change in the relation between the input variables and the class labels. This approach makes the detector highly dependent on the learner, which can be problematic in some situations, for example, when the learner includes adaptability mechanisms, when it is unable to converge, or when it shows a high overfitting. Ultimately, the concept drift is something that happens in the data, not learners, so detecting drifts indirectly through a learner’s performance adds bias into the result. Besides, it makes the process highly inefficient. This paper proposes a new mechanism to detect concept drifts without supervising the learning process. The data distribution is summarized in univariate histograms based on which an on-line straightforward prediction is made. It proves us a measure that is monitored over time for detecting changes in data. The method is extremely efficient, as the time and space complexity to process each sample is linear to the number of input variables multiplied by the number of classes. A thorough analysis on synthetic and real-world data streams shows that the proposed method very efficiently makes a reliable (low false alarm ratio) and effective (high true detection ratio) drift detection that outperforms other well-known methods.
The Long‐term Impact of Timber Harvesting on the Resource Base of Chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda

Commercial timber harvesting results in the loss of critical habitat for tropical forest fauna, and large‐bodied frugivores (including chimpanzees and most other apes) may experience particularly detrimental effects. Few quantitative data, however, are available to evaluate the long‐term impact of harvesting on chimpanzees and other apes. In particular, few data are available to compare population demographics and/or forest composition before and after timber harvesting at the same site. Utilizing detailed forestry department records of logging operations conducted in the late 1960s, present‐day botanical surveys, and long‐term data on the feeding ecology of chimpanzees in Kibale National Park (KNP), Uganda, I examined the impact that logging has had on KNP chimpanzee communities of known size and demography. Although some important chimpanzee food resources were harvested in high abundance during commercial logging operations, the overall impact on the most predominant dietary items (those making up roughly 75% of the chimpanzees' diet) and on presumably critical subsistence resources was limited. Furthermore, the low density of chimpanzees inhabiting the logged region of KNP is apparently not attributable to the impact of logging at the site: comparisons of resource densities at this ‘low‐chimpanzee‐density’ site with that of an unlogged and ‘high‐chimpanzee‐density’ KNP site did not differ when logging concessions at the low‐chimpanzee‐density site were excluded from the analysis. This study suggests that low‐intensity logging can be compatible with the conservation of large‐bodied frugivores, provided that dietary data are taken into account in forest management planning.
Influence of anticancer drugs on DNA methylation in liver of female mice

Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation regulate gene expression in normal development. Methotrexate and Adriamycine are antineoplastic drugs that target DNA and enzymes acting on DNA. We aimed to evaluate their cytotoxic effect on cell lines and on female mice to investigate the in vivo influence of both drugs on the DNA methylation and subsequently the protein expression. The total level of DNA methylation showed a significant reduction from 62.2% to 36.7%, 36.6% as compared to control group, when using different doses of MTX and ADR. Hepatic protein pattern revealed five bands with low MW (16 - 6.1 KDa) in acute and LD50 doses. In conclusion DNA methylation is influenced by anticancer drugs in a dose - dependent manner. Some specific protein fragments may be considered as a potential markers associated with high dose of anticancer drugs.
Modelling and simulation of operation & maintenance strategy for offshore wind farms based on multi-agent system

Maintenance of offshore wind turbines is a complex and costly undertaking which acts as a barrier to the development of this source of energy. Factors such as the size of the turbines, the size of the wind farms, their distance from the coast, meteorological conditions, etc. make it difficult for the stakeholders to select the optimal maintenance strategy. With the objective of reducing costs and duration of such operations it is important that new maintenance techniques are investigated. In this paper we propose a hybrid model of maintenance that is based on multi-agent systems, which allows for the modelling of systems with dynamic interactions between multiple parts. A multi-criteria decision algorithm has been M’hammed SAHNOUN IRISE/CESI, 1, Rue G. Marconi, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France Tel. : +33-235-128-674 Mob: +33-673-642-966 E-mail: msahnoun@cesi.fr David BAUDRY LUSINE/CESI, 1, Rue G. Marconi, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France. E-mail: dbaudry@cesi.fr Navonil MUSTAFEE University of Exeter ISR, Exeter EX4 4ST, UK E-mail: n.mustafee@exeter.ac. uk Anne LOUIS IRISE Laboratory CESI Rouen, France E-mail: alouis@cesi.fr Philip Andi SMART University of Exeter ISR, Exeter EX4 4ST, UK E-mail: p.a. smart@exeter.ac. uk Phil GODSIFF University of Exeter ISR, Exeter EX4 4ST, UK E-mail: phil.godsiff@exeter.ac. uk Belahcene MAZARI IRISE Laboratory CESI Rouen, France E-mail: bmazari@cesi.fr 2 M’hammed SAHNOUN et al. developed to allow analysis and selection of different maintenance strategies. A cost model that includes maintenance action cost, energy loss and installation of monitoring system cost has been presented. For the purposes of this research we have developed a simulator using NetLogo software and have provided experimental results. The results show that employing the proposed hybrid maintenance strategy could increase wind farm productivity and reduce maintenance cost.
Rearing conditions for lambs may increase tansy ragwort grazing.

Grazing by sheep is an accepted method of controlling tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.), but some flock members seldom eat it. Our objectives were to determine if pre-weaning exposure to tansy ragwort increases later consumption of the plant by lambs, and if confinement with ragwort-eating ewes after weaning facilitates ragwort eating. The sampling periods were Weeks 1, 3, and 12 following weaning. During each period grazing behavior was observed for 1-hour each day and the 24-hour reduction in ragwort volume measured on each of 4 or 5 consecutive days. Lambs exposed to ragwort before weaning removed more ragwort than ragwort-naive lambs during the first 2 sampling periods (P < 0.05). Lambs that grazed with ewes for 11 weeks following weaning ate ragwort more frequently during direct observation, than lambs without ewes during Weeks 3 and 12 (P < 0.05). The ragwort-eating of all lamb groups increased markedly between Weeks 1 and 12 (P < 0.05). This may indicate an increased ability of lambs to consume ragwort with increasing age or an acclimation period during which most lambs come to accept ragwort. Behavioral interventions aimed at increasing the consumption of weeds by lambs may need to take into account age-related differences in toxin tolerances. Exposing lambs to ragwort before weaning and grazing newly-weaned lambs with older ragwort-eating sheep after weaning may increase later ragwort-eating by lambs. DOI:10.2458/azu_jrm_v53i4_sutherland
Geophysical reconnaissance of prospective geothermal areas on the island of Hawaii using electrical methods

Resistivity data from several areas were compiled, analyzed, and interpreted in terms of possible geologic models. On the basis of this analysis alone, two areas have been ruled out for possible geothermal exploitation, two have been interpreted to have a moderate-temperature resource, and two have been interpreted to have a high-temperature resource. The two areas which have been ruled out are the Keaau and South Point areas. The Kawaihae area and the lower northwest rift zone of Hualalai appear to have anomalous resistivity structures which suggest a moderate-temperature resource in each of these areas. Finally, specific areas in the lower southwest and lower east rift zones of Kilaauea have been outlined as locations where high-temperature fluids may exist at depth.
Structure and Composition of Tree Islands and Krummholz within the Forest-Tundra Ecotone in Central and Eastern Canada

The forest-tundra ecotone is expected to experience some of the initial effects of climate change. At the forefront of this transition zone, we find clonal growth forms of stunted and deformed trees with and without taller erect trees, called tree islands and krummholz, respectively. We sought to assess the potential effects of expansion of these clonal growth forms on tundra plant species at two Canadian locations, one in the Mealy Mountains of Labrador and the other near Churchill, Manitoba. Our objectives were 1) to analyze the structure (height distribution and shape) of these clonal growth forms to determine whether they are expanding; 2) to compare tree cover on the leeward and windward sides of clonal growths and 3) to assess patterns in individual plant species across these growth forms. Cover of trees and other plant species was measured at both locations, while tree stems were mapped near Churchill only. The presence of seedlings and symmetric patterns of tree height suggest that half of the tree islands near Churchill may be expanding. The edges of tree islands and krummholz may harbour safe sites for tundra plant species, as shown by peaks in cover of individual species at these edges. Our results suggest that expansion of tree islands and krummholz would affect the abundance of tundra plant species, which could lead to changes in species composition and biodiversity.
VALUING THE WATERVILLE FISHERY: A travel cost analysis of anglers’ recreational use-values

The Waterville fishery provides angling and other recreation amenities to the public at a nominal cost. However, the use-value which this site provides is not completely captured by market transactions. Benefits which must be consumed in situ make the Travel Cost Method (TCM) the most appropriate choice of revealed preference technique for estimating their value. Data for this analysis was sourced from an online survey, but many respondents were first approached on-site, and links to the survey questionnaire were also advertised on a local conservation website, so self-selection bias was expected. A negative binomial model with a correction for endogenous stratification was estimated, and it outperformed both the standard Negative Binomial and Poisson models. The resulting estimate of per trip consumer surplus was €300. Furthermore, there was a lack of any evidence to support the idea that the site’s benefits are inferior goods. In light of this, and of the high use-values associated with the site, the conclusion drawn from the analysis is that future development plans should prioritise the health of the local ecosystem before other quality improving measures.
7 ADHOCTCP : Improving TCP Performance in Ad Hoc Networks

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a special type of wireless networks. It consists of a collection of mobile nodes that are capable of communicating with each other without help from a fixed infrastructure. The interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on a continual and arbitrary basis. Nodes within each other's radio range communicate directly via wireless links, while those that are far apart use other nodes as relays in a multi-hop routing fashion. The typical applications of MANETs include conferences or meetings, emergency operations such as disaster rescue, and battlefield communications. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) [1] is a reliable, connection-oriented, full-duplex, transport protocol widely used in wired networks. TCP’s flow and congestion control mechanisms are based upon the assumption that packet loss is an indication of congestion. While this assumption holds in wired networks, it does not hold in the case of mobile wireless networks. In addition to congestion, a transport protocol in an ad hoc network must handle mobilityinduced disconnection and reconnection, route change-induced packet out-of-order delivery for mobile hosts, and error/contention prone wireless transmissions. Reaction to these events might require transport control actions different from congestion control. It might be better to periodically probe the network during disconnection than to back off exponentially [2], and it makes more sense simply to re-transmit a packet lost to random channel error than to multiplicatively decrease the current congestion window [3]. Even if the correct action is executed in response to each type of network event, it is not immediately obvious how to construct an engine that will accurately detect and classify events. Packet loss alone cannot detect and differentiate all these new network events [4]. In this paper, we first describe the necessary network states in an ad hoc network to be identified by TCP and use an end-to-end approach for identification of congestion state in ad hoc network then examine metrics that can be measured end-to-end. Two metrics are devised to detect congestion, IDD (Inter Delay Difference) and STT (Short Term Throughput). The approach we propose in this paper utilizes network layer feedback (from intermediate hops) for identification of disconnection state to put TCP sender into persist mode. Therefore we use from advantage of both end to end measurements and network layer feedback. The remainder of the chapter is organized as follows: It starts with describing TCP’s challenges in MANETs environment in Section 2. Section 3 provides an overview of related
The Correlates of Quality Of Life among Jordanian Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Background: Despite the increasing rates of patients diagnosed with major depression in Jordan, there is little knowledge available about the factors associated with quality of life (QOL) among this population in particular. This knowledge is needed to implement relevant supporting programs to improve their quality of life. Purpose: This study aims to assess the level of quality of life among Jordanian patients with major depressive disorder, and to examine the possible relationship between quality of life and other factors (demographic variables, stigma of mental illness, and severity of depressive symptoms) in this population. Methodology of the Study: A descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 161 Jordanian outpatients suffering from Major Depression Disorder (MDD) completed the study. Participants completed the demographic questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Percieved Devaluation-Discrimination Scale, and Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36). Results: Participants reported poor QOL in all domains. Age, income, stigma toward mental illness, and severity of depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with QOL among the study sample. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the severity of depressive symptoms is the strongest correlate of QOL, which accounted for 24% additional variance above and beyond the 18% variance accounted for by all other variables. Conclusion: This is the first study to assess QOL in an Arab population with major depression. Replication of the current study in other Arab samples is emphasized. Psychotherapy and other interventions are still needed even after the acute symptoms of the clinical depression are remitted.
Enhanced Resolution Methods for Improving Image Analysis and Pattern Recognition in Scanning Probe Microscopy

Image acquisition systems integrated with laboratory automation produces multi-dimensional datasets. An effective computational approach to objectively analyzing image datasets is pattern recognition (PR), i.e. a machinelearning approach where the machine finds relevant patterns that distinguish groups of objects after being trained on examples (supervised machine learning). In contrast, the other approach to machine learning and artificial intelligence is unsupervised learning, where the intelligent process finds relevant patterns without relying on prior training examples, usually by using a set of pre-defined rules. In this paper we apply a method derived by usual PR techniques for the recognition of artifacts and noise on images recorded with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The advantage of automatic artifacts recognition could be the implementation of machine learning languages for AFM investigations.
Morphological characteristics of mule conceptuses during early development

Hybrids between species are often infertile and extremely rare among mammals. Mules, i.e. crossing between the horse and the donkey, on the other hand are very common in agricultural and leisure practices due to their enhanced post-natal physical characteristics that is believed to occur for outbreeding or hybrid vigor. Since no reports are availableon the effects of hybrid vigor during early development, this study focused on characterizing the intrauterine development of mule conceptuses during critical embryo-to-fetus transition period. Nine embryos and fetuses of early gestation, obtained after artificial insemination and transcervical flushing, were evaluated by means of gross anatomy and histology and compared to data available for the equine. We found that some events, such as C-shape turning, apearence of branchial archs, limb and tail buds, formation of primary and secondary brain vesicles, heart compartmentalization, and development of somites, occurred slightly earlier in the mule. Nonetheless, no major differences were observed in other developmental features, suggesting similarities between the mule and the horse development. In conclusion, these data suggest that the effect of hybrid vigor is present during intrauterine development in the mule, at least with regard to its maternal parent.
Easily testable iterative unidimensional CMOS circuits

The C-testability of combinational unidimensional iterative circuits implemented in CMOS technology is discussed. In this technology the stuck-open faults impose additional requirements beyond the usual C-testability conditions. The requirements are considered for the classical adder and incrementer circuits, and these circuits are shown to be potentially C-testable even when stuck-open faults are taken into account. C-testable sets of test patterns that detect all the single stuck-open and all the single stuck-at faults are presented. Results for Moore-type sequential iterative circuits are also presented. <<ETX>>
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) on Negotiation Styles

Abstract By 2039, the economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) are expected to become wealthier than the current major economic countries. Despite the enthusiasm for increased global interaction and economic exchange with BRIC, many people have found that cultural differences hinder their ability to efficiently conduct business or negotiations given a lack of cultural understanding. This approach used the model by Casse and Deols and individualism as dependent and independent variables. Data were collected from sales and purchasing managers of public companies using an online survey and the snowball sampling method. Structural equation modeling (SEM), the preferable technique for measuring hypothesized models and research hypotheses, was selected. The findings indicated that an individualist attitude directly affected negotiation style, wherein, nationality is a moderated variant of an individualist attitude and negotiation style, and that BRIC negotiators preferred different negotiation styles. Limitations and future studies are discussed.
Credit Assignment For Collective Multiagent RL With Global Rewards

Scaling decision theoretic planning to large multiagent systems is challenging due to uncertainty and partial observability in the environment. We focus on a multiagent planning model subclass, relevant to urban settings, where agent interactions are dependent on their ``collective influence'' on each other, rather than their identities. Unlike previous work, we address a general setting where system reward is not decomposable among agents. We develop collective actor-critic RL approaches for this setting, and address the problem of multiagent credit assignment, and computing low variance policy gradient estimates that result in faster convergence to high quality solutions. We also develop difference rewards based credit assignment methods for the collective setting. Empirically our new approaches provide significantly better solutions than previous methods in the presence of global rewards on two real world problems modeling taxi fleet optimization and multiagent patrolling, and a synthetic grid navigation domain.
On common fixed points of commuting continuous functions on an interval

PROPOSITION 1. Let (f, I n E N), (gn I n E N) be sequences of piecewise linear functions from [0, 1] to itself such that either Ix-f2(x)I > 1/6 or [x-g2(x)9 > 1/6 for each x E [0, 1]. Then the limits of the sequences (f, I n E N), (gn I n E N) form a solution to the commuting function problem provided that there exists a sequence (An I n E N) offinite subsets of [0, 1], andfor each n E N, the following properties are valid: Pj(n): f.g. + 1= g.f. + 1; P2(n): I Dfn(x)I > 3 and I Dgn(y)I > 3 wherever the derivatives exist; P3(n): if either Dfn(x) or Dgn(x) does not exist, then x E An; P4(n): for each pair of consecutive points r, s of A, +1 with r < s,