Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Parameter Estimation Methodology

We describe our methodology for comparing the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and other complementary data sets to theoretical models. The unprecedented quality of the WMAP data and the tight constraints on cosmological parameters that are derived require a rigorous analysis so that the approximations made in the modeling do not lead to significant biases. We describe our use of the likelihood function to characterize the statistical properties of the microwave background sky. We outline the use of the Monte Carlo Markov Chains to explore the likelihood of the data given a model to determine the best-fit cosmological parameters and their uncertainties. We add to the WMAP data the ℓ ≳ 700 Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) and Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR) measurements of the CMB, the galaxy power spectrum at z ∼ 0 obtained from the Two-Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS), and the matter power spectrum at z ∼ 3 as measured with the Lyα forest. These last two data sets complement the CMB measurements by probing the matter power spectrum of the nearby universe. Combining CMB and 2dFGRS requires that we include in our analysis a model for galaxy bias, redshift distortions, and the nonlinear growth of structure. We show how the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the model and the data are propagated through the full analysis.
How To Get Control Of Your Time And Your Life

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Saturated fault tolerant control based on partially decoupled unknown‐input observer: a new integrated design strategy

This study presents a fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme based on fault estimation (FE) for a system subject to input saturation, uncertainty, L 2 -bounded disturbance and additive faults. In this study, the saturation is represented in polytopic form, and the disturbance is partitioned into matched and unmatched parts. For the FE scheme, a partially-decoupled unknown input observer is introduced to completely compensate for the matched part and only the unmatched part affects the FE performance. The FE and FTC schemes are integrated to ensure that the resulting closed-loop system is stable with L 2 -gain performance. Furthermore, all sufficient conditions for robust performance are derived and cast as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Usage of the Young relation removes equality constraints, and thus all LMIs are solvable in a single step. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Improved secondary analysis of linked data: a framework and an illustration

Applications that use linked data are now part of mainstream social science research, though they generally do not take linkage error into consideration. Solutions that correct for the bias caused by these errors have been proposed but are not yet embedded in the various analysis procedures in common use. Secondary analyses based on linked data can therefore be potentially misleading. We review some recent approaches to non‐deterministic data linkage together with a framework for secondary analysis of the linked data which makes use of paradata produced by the linkage process to correct this bias. We also describe a new method for secondary analysis of linked data that builds on this framework and show how it can be used for estimation of a set of domain means based on linked data. We then illustrate this approach via an empirical study based on record linkage of agricultural producers in four states of Brazil aimed at producing estimates of agricultural output by industry. Our study considers register‐to‐register linkage as well as sample‐to‐register linkage, and we show results for the traditional Fellegi–Sunter approach to record linkage as well as for a newer linkage procedure based on the use of classification trees and bagging.
Artin’s braids, braids for three space, and groups Γn4 and Gnk

We construct a group [Formula: see text] corresponding to the motion of points in [Formula: see text] from the point of view of Delaunay triangulations. We study homomorphisms from pure braids on [Formula: see text] strands to the product of copies of [Formula: see text]. We will also study the group of pure braids in [Formula: see text], which is described by a fundamental group of the restricted configuration space of [Formula: see text], and define the group homomorphism from the group of pure braids in [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. At the end of this paper, we give some comments about relations between the restricted configuration space of [Formula: see text] and triangulations of the 3-dimensional ball and Pachner moves.
User click fraud detection method based on Top-Rank-k frequent pattern mining

A user click fraud detection method based on Top-Rank-k frequent pattern mining algorithm is presented to solve the click fraud problem appearing in current online advertising. Firstly, this method combines the click frequency of event samples, calculates the real evaluation score of click stream, and the click stream density function and evaluation score expression under multi-dimensional variables, and further obtains the time complexity of the next user’s click fraud process. Secondly, according to the Top-Rank-k frequent pattern, the process of click fraud detection algorithm is designed, and the click fraud user is analyzed and obtained. The results show that this method has good efficiency and correctness, and is superior to other similar algorithms.
1 - Classification supervisée par réseaux multicouches

The Multi-Layer Perceptron (PMC in French) is one of the neural networks the most widely used, particularly for supervised classification . First, existing results on general representation capabilities enjoyed by the PMC architecture are surveyed, independently of any learning algorithm . Then it is shown why the minimization of a quadratic error over the learning set seems an awkward optimization criterion, though some asymptotic properties are also proved . In a second stage, the bayesian approach is analyzed when leaming sets offinite size are at disposai. ~ith the help of certain density estimators whose basic properties are emphasized, it is possible to build a feed forward neural network implementing the bayesian classification . This technique of direct discrimination seems to perform better Chan the classical MLP in all respects despite of the similarities of the architectures .
Assessing the Robustness of Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis to Assumption Violations (Supplementary Data)

This dataset contains fatty acid (FA) data expressed as mass percent of total FA for bearded seals, ringed seals and walrus. This is one of many datasets used in Bromaghin et al., In press, Assessing the robustness of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to assumption violations, Methods in Ecology and Evolution. These supplemental data were used in computer simulations to compare the bias of several quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) estimators and develop recommendations regarding estimator selection.
Classification of 5D Chaplygin gas models

In this study, we mainly classify some Chaplygin gas unified dark energy models in a five-dimensional (5D) cosmology. It is known that the background evolution for the Chaplygin gas models is equivalent to that for the dark energy interacting with the dark matter. Here, we assume a space-time governed by the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein framework in order to rewrite energy densities and pressures of some well-known Chaplygin gas proposals. These new formulations can be taken into account to get original cosmological conclusions in further studies.
In-situ measurements of optical parameters in Lake Baikal with the help of a Neutrino Telescope

We present results of an experiment performed in Lake Baikal at a depth of about 1 km. The photomultipliers of an underwater neutrino telescope under construction at this site have been illuminated by a distant laser. The experiment not only provided a useful cross-check of the time calibration of the detector, but also allowed to determine inherent optical parameters of the water in a way complementary to standard methods. In 1997, we have measured an absorption length of 22 m and an asymptotic attenuation length of 18 m. The effective scattering length was measured as 480 m. Using = 0.95 (0.90) for the average scattering angle, this corresponds to a geometrical scattering length of 24 (48) m.
Radio Channel Model for Agricultural Wireless Sensor Networks

In order to study the influence of the agricultural greenhouse environment on the channel of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and to establish the WSNs channel model suitable for the agricultural greenhouse, this paper measures the path loss characteristics of the 2.4GHz radio frequency in the agricultural greenhouse. The original measurement data cannot be directly used for establishing the WSNs channel path loss model due to its big error. So the kalman filter is introduced to reduce the noise of the original measurement data, and then the accurate model parameters are obtained by linearity regression. The results indicate that the log distance path loss model can accurately characterize the path loss characteristics of radio frequency in the agricultural greenhouse environment, and the propagation characteristics of the WSNs channel model can provide theoretical basis for setting up the WSNs monitoring system platform of the agricultural greenhouse. Keywords-Agricultural greenhouse, Wireless Sensor Networks, Channel model, Kalman filter, Path loss model
A Flexible Quadrature Coupler With Reconfigurable Frequency and Coupling Ratio in Switchable Coupling Direction

A highly reconfigurable and switchable quadrature coupler with simultaneous control in terms of operating frequency, coupling ratio, and coupling direction is presented. To start with, a prototype coupler based on an ideal admittance-inverter model is investigated, and a method to obtain the admittance-inverter values for an arbitrary coupling ratio is described. Next, a tunable-admittance-inverter network implemented with lumped inductors and varactors, which features reconfigurable operating frequency, and tunable-admittance-inverter value is discussed. The conceived reconfigurable coupler is then realized by replacing the ideal admittance inverters with the proposed tunable-admittance-inverter circuit to provide it with operating-frequency and coupling-ratio controllability. Furthermore, when exchanging the admittance-inverter values in the coupler, the coupling direction is switched from forward to backward. The proposed technique is further developed into a general design procedure for reconfigurable-coupler implementations with an arbitrary admittance-inverter-based network. Wilkinson power dividers with equal and unequal power-division ratios are also shown as examples. For experimental/demonstration purposes, a reconfigurable coupler prototype is fabricated and characterized. It demonstrates a tunable operating frequency from 1 to 1.5 GHz, a controllable power-division ratio between output ports from 1 to 0.7, and switchable operational direction between forward and backward.
A Distributed Formation Control Scheme with Obstacle Avoidance for Multiagent Systems

This study considers the problem of formation control for second-order multiagent systems. We propose a distributed nonlinear formation controller where the control input of each follower can be expressed as a product of a nonlinear term that relies on the distance errors under the leader–follower structure. In the leader–follower structure, a small number of agents are assumed to be the leaders, and they are responsible for steering a group of agents to the specific destination, while the rest of the agents are called followers. The stability of the proposed control laws is demonstrated by utilizing the Lyapunov function candidate. To solve the obstacle avoidance problem, the artificial potential approach is employed, and the agents can avoid each possible obstacle successfully without getting stuck in any local minimum point. The control problem of multiagent systems in the presence of unknown constant disturbances is also considered. To attenuate such disturbances, the integral term is introduced, and the static error is eliminated through the proposed PI controller, which makes the system stable; the adaptive controller is designed to reduce the effect of time-varying disturbances. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to support the obtained theoretical results.
Low gamma shift blue-phase liquid crystal display with electric field induced multi-domain electrode structure

ABSTRACT To reduce the gamma shift of blue-phase liquid crystal display (BPLCD), the multi-domain electrode structure with four sub-electrodes is proposed. The effects of electrodes’ parameters on electro-optical curve and gamma shift are calculated, and the gamma shift and contrast ratio at full viewing-cone are also investigated. For the proposed protrusion BPLCD, the operating voltage is reduced by ~73%, and the transmittance is increased by ~20% compared with the conventional in-plane switching BPLCD. The results also show that the off-axis image distortion index can be reduced from 0.4318 to 0.0875 at the polar angle of 60°, and it works well under various electrodes’ sizes. Moreover, the indistinguishable gamma shift can be obtained at full viewing-cone for the proposed BPLCD, and the uniform light distribution and high contrast ratio can be obtained as well. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Measurement of R(D) and R(D*) with a semileptonic tag at the Belle experiment

In recent years, several measurement of the ratios R(D) = B (B̄ → Dτν̄τ )/B (B̄ → D`ν̄` ) and R(D∗) = B (B̄ → Dτν̄τ )/B (B̄ → D`ν̄` ), where ` denotes an electron or a muon, have obtained results in disagreement with the theoretical predictions of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. When combining all experimental results together, the statistical significance of the discrepancy with the SM accounts to 4σ. If confirmed, this discrepancy would directly require an extension of the SM with new physics theories, to accommodate the experimental results. This thesis reports a new independent measurement of the ratios R(D) and R(D∗). The results are based on a data sample containing 772 × 10 BB̄ pairs recorded at the Υ(4S ) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e− collider in Japan. The analysis uses a semileptonic reconstruction of the tag-side B-meson and leptonic τ decays. The measured values are R(D) = 0.307±0.037 (stat.) ± 0.016 (syst.) and R(D∗) = 0.283± 0.018 (stat.) ± 0.014 (syst.), which are in agreement with the SM predictions within 0. 2σ and 1. 1σ respectively. The R(D)-R(D∗) combined result is in agreement with the SM predictions within 1. 2σ. The discrepancy of the experimental world average with the SM expectations decreases from 4 to 3σ when including these latest results, which represent to most precise measurement of R(D) and R(D∗) ever performed.
From Aari to Zulu: Massively Multilingual Creation of Language Tools using Interlinear Glossed Text

From Aari to Zulu: Massively Multilingual Creation of Language Tools using Interlinear Glossed Text Ryan Georgi Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Fei Xia Linguistics This dissertation examines the suitability of Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT) as a computational, semi-structured resource for creating NLP tools for resource-poor languages, with a focus on the tasks of word alignment, part-of-speech (POS) tagging, and dependency parsing. The creation of a massively multilingual database of IGT instances called the Online Database of INterlinear text (Odin) made possible the potential for creating tools to harness this particular data format on a large scale. Xia and Lewis (2007); Lewis and Xia (2008) demonstrated the potential of using IGT instances from Odin to answer some typological questions such as basic word order for a large number of languages by means of utilizing the language–gloss–translation line structure of IGT instances to bootstrap word alignment, and consequentially syntactic projection. This dissertation seeks to perform a thorough investigation as to the potential for creating these NLP tools for endangered or otherwise resource-poor languages with nothing more than the IGT instances found in Odin. After introducing the IGT data type and the particulars of the resources that will be used (Sections 3.1 to 4.4), this thesis presents each task in detail. Word alignment will be discussed in Chapter 5, POS tagging in Chapter 6, and dependency parsing in Chapter 7. In Chapter 8, INterlinear Text ENrichment Toolkit (Intent), the software created to enrich the IGT data and extract NLP tools from it will be introduced, and a brief summary of where to find and use the software will be included. Lastly, Chapter 9 will discuss aims of the experiments, and the overall viability of IGT for the tasks attempted.
Genetic algorithm optimizing modularity for community detection in complex networks

Community structure of complex network by genetic algorithm has drawn much attention of researchers in various field in recent years. Genetic algorithm is easy to trap into local optimal and also easy to obtain unstable solutions. In order to solve this problem, an effective mutation method combined with node-to-community membership function that is based on the local information of each node in networks is proposed. The heuristic initialization algorithm is also used to produce initial population with the accurate and diverse, which can further improve the search efficiency and the stability of the algorithm. In addition, we used modularity as fitness function, which can simplify the algorithm, in this paper the method has been tested on computer-generated network and real world network, and compared to classical algorithm. The experimental results have been shown that the proposed algorithm has a higher precision and effective for community structure.
Comparison of Privacy Preserving Single-Keyword Search and Multi-Keyword Ranked Search Techniques over Encrypted Cloud Data

Cloud computing otherwise known as on demand computing. It provides the services over the internet. It has the provision of facilitating users to store and access their data in and from cloud server by sitting anywhere and on any device. Storing data in cloud server also opens up so many security threats as data is accessed over internet and client has no direct control over data once uploaded into cloud server. We first implement a basic idea for the Single Keyword Search Over Encrypted Data And then Multi-keyword Ranked. Search over Encrypted cloud data (MRSE) based on secure inner product computation and efficient similarity measure of coordinate matching, i.e., as many matches as possible, in order to capture the relevance of data documents to the search query, then we give two significantly improved MRSE schemes to achieve various stringent privacy requirements in two different threat models. Assignment of anonymous ID to the user to provide more security to the data on cloud server is done. To improve the search experience of the data search service, further extension of the two schemes to support more Search semantics is done. [5]
Temporarily out of sync: Momentary temporal independence of a solo voice as expressive device

The solo part in music performance usually synchronizes well with the rhythmic-metrical context of the accompaniment, that is, the onsets of that part occur within certain temporal limits relative to the onsets of the accompaniment. This applies to a range of musical styles (e.g., classical music or Jazz) and ensemble configurations (from an orchestra to small ensembles or even piano solo). However, deviation from this synchrony may exceptionally be used as expressive device. This paper strives to explore those situations of temporal independence in various musical styles and ensemble sizes. In classical piano music of the Romantic period, this device is described as “tempo rubato in the earlier meaning” (Hudson 1994), referring to the temporal freedom of the melody hand relative to the accompaniment (e.g., in a Chopin Nocturne). For example, in Jazz performance, this effect may correspond to a significant delay of the (right-hand) solo relative to the beat for almost an entire chorus that is brought back in time at the beginning of the next chorus (as found e.g., in recordings of the Erroll Garner Trio). This paper reports on exemplary quantitative analyses of those situations of temporal independence and demonstrate its expressive effects through complex data visualization.
Assessing the effect of repair delays on a repairable system

Abstract Repair delays are common in systems where failures are not self-revealed or in mission-critical systems where repairs cannot be conducted during a mission. The presence of repair delays may significantly affect the failure behavior of a system, but its impact has been largely overlooked in the literature. In this article, we propose a flexible intensity-based model for repairable systems subject to repair delays. Statistical inference of the model is discussed. In the presence of repair delays, the exact failure times are typically unavailable and the failures are only known to occur at times within intervals with known lower and upper bounds. In this case, the likelihood function is complicated. We introduce several efficient numerical integration methods to evaluate the likelihood function and investigate their performance through comprehensive simulations. Goodness-of-fit tests are used to check the adequacy of the baseline rate of occurrence of failures and the effect of repair delays. The proposed methods are demonstrated using maintenance data of a general infusion pump used in a hospital.
The software of the 3D simulation system of a robot based on the virtual reality modeling language

The application of virtual reality technology (VR) in robotics is in its infant period. Adapted to the characteristics of the virtual reality modeling language (VRML), a 3D simulation model of a robot is analyzed and modeled. Based on the virtual reality modeling language and Java language a 3D robot simulation system is realized which is focused on the simulation of robot kinematics and the continuous track of robot move. Finally, the system is tested to accept data from other terminals on the Internet. A reasonable result of remote control robot simulation is achieved.