Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Perceptions of Legitimacy and Fairness Matter in Prison? Examining How Procedural and Distributive Justice Relate to Misconduct

Recent scholarship suggests disciplinary protocols and incarcerated individuals’ perceptions of procedural justice toward correctional officers may be important in influencing one’s behavior and prison order. This study provides an examination of procedural and distributive justice in prison. We surveyed a stratified random sample of 144 respondents incarcerated in Maine state prisons about their perceptions toward the disciplinary process and corrections officers to assess the relationship between such views and patterns of institutional misconduct. Findings provide partial support for the procedural justice perspective in prison. Normative perceptions (e.g., legitimacy) are positively associated with voluntary deference measures while instrumental perceptions of officer effectiveness in controlling behavior are positively associated with respondent perceived risk. These results supply insight into theory development related to voluntary deference. Similarly, these findings can inform which relationships between officers and respondents may hold the potential to promote rule compliance and prison order.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Methods for Determination of Brexpiprazole and its Elec-Trochemical Oxidation Behavior in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Preparations

The voltammetric behavior of brexpiprazole (BRX) was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), anodic stripping differential pulse (AS-DP) and anodic stripping square wave (AS-SWV) voltammetry at novel functionalized carbon paste electrode (FCPEs). Electrochemical oxidation behavior of brexpiprazole shows irreversible anodic peak at 0.87 V versus Ag/AgCl , in Britton– Robinson buffer (BR) at pH 4.0 , 50s preconcetration time and -0.5 deposition potential . The peak current concentration relationship was rectilinear over the ranges of 6.64 x 10–3.2 x 10 and 6.64 x 10 – 3.2 x 10mol L with a minimum detection limit of 1.74 x 10 and 1.32 x 10 mol L for AS-DP and AS-SWV respectively, The proposed methods have been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug in pure and in its dosage forms.
Understanding Social Media Monitoring and Online Rumors

ABSTRACT In order to investigate the impact of social media monitoring on a firm’s market understanding and performance, and how to manage online rumors, two complementary studies are conducted on visitors’ engagement and three aspects of engagement. The first study indicates that conversations and inbound traffic positively affect visitors’ engagement, which, along with referrals, influences social media monitoring’s impact on market understanding. Next, the impact of social media monitoring on a firm’s performance is affected by social media monitoring’s impact on market understanding. The second study indicates that first, online rumors from direct engagement are more likely to be true than those from indirect engagement, second, online rumors’ spreading shows similar engagement patterns, third, a firm’s quick and frank reaction to rumors can reduce their influence, and fourth, adding contents to online rumors increases cognitive engagement, and a company’s support or denial of online rumors affects all engagement dimensions.
Review on Chicken Intestinal Villus Histological Alterations Related with Intestinal Function

The nutritional value of diets fed to chickens has traditionally been evaluated by growth performance and nutrient digestibility. In addition to nutritional physiological studies, research on intestinal structure is also important, as the intestine is the digestive and absorptive organ. In macroscopic anatomy, the guts of poultry differ relative to body weight (Thomas, 1984). Fowls produced for the meat purpose, such as broiler (BR) chickens and Peking ducks, have intestines of greater length, weight and area than those of egg-laying fowl, such as the White Leghorn (WL) chickens and wild ducks (Yamauchi et al., 1990b). Poultry innards are affected by diet (Moss, 1974; Miller, 1975; Langhout et al., 1999; Yasar and Forbes, 1999). Feeding habits rather than individual body weight difference account for gross anatomical differences in the intestine (Yamauchi and Zhou, 1988). These reports suggest that the nutritional value of diets may produce microscopic alterations in the intestinal mucosa. Although the general histological features of the intestine are well known, the relationship between the structure and function of the intestine has not been established. The reason that no information on the histological alterations related with intestinal function has been reported is related to the fact that studies on the interaction between them are limited to morphological observations, which is due to lack of an immunocytochemical procedure using antibodies. Confirmation that intestinal histological alterations are indeed induced by intestinal functions is currently impossible and can be established only by comparison of morphological characteristics with intestinal functions.Consequently, over the past decade, there has been much interest in establishing how intestinal histological alterations are related to intestinal function. The intent of this interest is to assess the enteral nutrient absorption of feed ingredients histologically. This review highlights recent studies on histological alterations related to intestinal function, and adds new information to the assessment of the nutritional values of various kinds of chicken feed.
Registration of the MY2 'Cypress'/'LaGrue' Rice Recombinant Inbred Line Mapping Population

Grain quality plays a crucial economic role for producers, millers, and exporters of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The objective of this research was to develop a japonica-based rice recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population to assist in the identifi cation of genomic regions associated with whole-grain milling (head rice), fi ve additional seed-related characters, and two agronomic traits. The ‘Cypress’/’LaGrue’ mapping population (Reg. No. MP-4, NSL 466304) was developed under the Rice Coordinated Agricultural Project (RiceCAP) and released by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA in 2009. The mapping population consisted of 298 F 2:6 RILs from which a linkage map was constructed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to identify the quantitative trait loci underlying the above mentioned traits. To complement the SSR marker information, the DNA sequence of the two parental nuclear genomes at fi vefold coverage has been determined. A database consisting of single nucleotide polymorphisms between the two parents has been posted at a public website. This mapping population and related datasets represent a valuable resource for basic rice genomic and applied marker-assisted breeding efforts in grain quality and associated traits.
Overexpression of DWARF AND LESION FORMATION 1 (DLE1) causes altered activation of plant defense system in Arabidopsis thaliana

A novel gain-of-function mutant showing dwarfism and bushy inflorescences was isolated from Arabidopsis activation-tagging lines. Transformed plants, in which the gene responsible for the phenotype of the mutant was overexpressed, exhibited phenotypes similar to constitutive systematic acquired resistance (SAR)-like defense responses including simulation of lesions in leaves and a highly activated PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 gene. We, therefore, designated the gene as DWARF AND LESION FORMATION 1 (DLE1) and showed it encodes a DUF 247 protein. Microarray and gene ontology analyses revealed that defense response genes, especially to biotic stimulus, were enriched in DLE1 overexpressing plants. Fusion proteins of the N-terminal fragment of DLE1 and GFP were likely to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in tobacco BY-2 cells. DLE1 may function in the plant defense system responding to environmental stimuli including biotic stresses in the ER.
Fault Diagnosis of Gearbox with a Transferable Deep Neural Network

In the past years, various intelligent machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been developed and widely applied for gearbox fault detection and diagnosis. However, the real-time application of these intelligent algorithms has been limited, mainly due to the fact that the model developed using data from one machine or one operating condition has serious diagnosis performance degradation when applied to another machine or the same machine with a different operating condition. The reason for poor model generalization is the distribution discrepancy between the training and testing data. This paper proposes to address this issue using a deep learning based cross domain adaptation approach for gearbox fault diagnosis. Labelled data from training dataset and unlabeled data from testing dataset is used to achieve the cross-domain adaptation task. A deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is used as the main architecture. Maximum mean discrepancy is used as a measure to minimize the distribution distance between the labelled training data and unlabeled testing data. The study proposes to reduce the discrepancy between the two domains in multiple layers of the designed CNN to adapt the learned representations from the training data to be applied in the testing data. The proposed approach is evaluated using experimental data from a gearbox under significant speed variation and multiple health conditions. An appropriate benchmarking with both traditional machine learning methods and other domain adaptation methods demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method.
A Bibliometric Overview of Twitter-Related Studies Indexed in Web of Science

Twitter has been one of the most popular social network sites for academic research; the main objective of this study was to update the current knowledge boundary surrounding Twitter-related investigations and, further, identify the major research topics and analyze their evolution across time. A bibliometric analysis has been applied in this article: we retrieved 19,205 Twitter-related academic articles from Web of Science after several steps of data cleaning and preparation. The R package “Bibliometrix” was mainly used in analyzing this content. Our study has two sections, and performance analysis contains 5 categories (Annual Scientific Production, Most Relevant Sources, Most Productive Authors, Most Cited Publications, Most Relevant Keywords.). The science mapping included country collaboration analysis and thematic analysis. We highlight our thematic analysis by splitting the whole bibliographic dataset into three temporal periods, thus a thematic evolution across time has been presented. This study is one of the most comprehensive bibliometric overview in analyzing Twitter-related studies by far. We proceed to explain how the results will benefit the understanding of current academic research interests on the social media giant.
A copper(i) bromide organic–inorganic zwitterionic coordination compound with a new type of core: structure, luminescence properties, and DFT calculations

A new organic–inorganic Cu(I) bromide complex based on triple protonated tris(2-pyridyl)phosphine (HPy)3P, [(HPy)3PCu2Br5] (1), has been synthesized by a straightforward reaction in solution or by modification of the [Cu2Br2(Py3P)2] complex using hydrobromic acid. At 77 K, the solid complex 1 exhibits near infra-red photoluminescence with λmax = 680 nm related to 3(M + X)LCT. The emission of 1 rapidly decreases with increasing temperature and is absent at 200 K due to thermal quenching with a small energy barrier ΔE ≈ 590 cm−1. The photophysical results are in good agreement with the TD-DFT calculations showing that in the ground state the cuprophilic interaction between copper ions is absent in spite of the short Cu⋯Cu distance. After annealing of complex 1 at 120 °C, photoluminescence occurred with λmax = 640 nm at 300 K. Complex 1 exhibits a luminescence response in ammonia gas consisting of the appearance of luminescence with λmax = 520 nm followed by the gradual enhancement of the luminescence intensity.
A hybrid approach for the stratified mark‐specific proportional hazards model with missing covariates and missing marks, with application to vaccine efficacy trials

Deployment of the recently licensed tetravalent dengue vaccine based on a chimeric yellow fever virus, CYD‐TDV, requires understanding of how the risk of dengue disease in vaccine recipients depends jointly on a host biomarker measured after vaccination (neutralization titre—neutralizing antibodies) and on a ‘mark’ feature of the dengue disease failure event (the amino acid sequence distance of the dengue virus to the dengue sequence represented in the vaccine). The CYD14 phase 3 trial of CYD‐TDV measured neutralizing antibodies via case–cohort sampling and the mark in dengue disease failure events, with about a third missing marks. We addressed the question of interest by developing inferential procedures for the stratified mark‐specific proportional hazards model with missing covariates and missing marks. Two hybrid approaches are investigated that leverage both augmented inverse probability weighting and nearest neighbourhood hot deck multiple imputation. The two approaches differ in how the imputed marks are pooled in estimation. Our investigation shows that nearest neighbourhood hot deck imputation can lead to biased estimation without properly selected neighbourhoods. Simulations show that the hybrid methods developed perform well with unbiased nearest neighbourhood hot deck imputations from proper neighbourhood selection. The new methods applied to CYD14 show that neutralizing antibody level is strongly inversely associated with the risk of dengue disease in vaccine recipients, more strongly against dengue viruses with shorter distances.
Screening Alfalfa for Salt Tolerance Based on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzymes

In an effort to assess salt tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), herbage yield, leaf ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured in nine alfalfa cultivars grown in the field. Plants were grown under 20 (control), 60, and 120 mM NaCl salinity in Isfahan, Iran during 2010 to 2013. Based on correlation coefficients among the measured traits under salt-stress levels, MDA content had the highest correlation with herbage yield followed by CAT and POX activities, respectively. Based on the reduction in herbage yield, under 120 mM NaCl stress, Isfahani and Rehnani were the most salt tolerant, while Bami, Pioneer, and Nikshahri were the most sensitive cultivars. According to the relation between the salt tolerance and the measured traits, MDA content (r = 0.93) was the most important marker for salt tolerance followed by CAT (r = 0.58) and POX (r = 0.53) activities, respectively. However, the relationship between salt tolerance and antioxidant enzymes activities was not as strong as that for MDA, and MDA content was well correlated with salt tolerance. Given the simplicity of MDA content measurement and the complexity of extractions and assays of the enzymes, CAT, APX, and POX activities may not be used as markers, whereas, MDA content would be a much better indicator for assessing salt-tolerant cultivars in alfalfa.
A novel image edge smoothing method based on convolutional neural network

In the field of visual perception, the edges of images tend to be rich in effective visual stimuli, which contribute to the neural network’s understanding of various scenes. Image smoothing is an image processing method used to highlight the wide area, low-frequency components, main part of the image or to suppress image noise and high-frequency interference components, which could make the image’s brightness smooth and gradual, reduce the abrupt gradient, and improve the image quality. At present, there are still problems such as easy blurring of the edges of the image, poor overall smoothing effect, obvious step effect, and lack of robustness to noise on image smoothing. Based on the convolutional neural network, this article proposes a method for edge detection and deep learning for image smoothing. The results show that the research method proposed in this article solves the problem of edge detection and information capture better, significantly improves the edge effect, and protects the effectiveness of edge information. At the same time, it reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the smoothed image and greatly improves the effect of image smoothing.
Power Side-Channel Attack Analysis: A Review of 20 Years of Study for the Layman

Physical cryptographic implementations are vulnerable to so-called side-channel attacks, in which sensitive information can be recovered by analyzing physical phenomena of a device during operation. In this survey, we trace the development of power side-channel analysis of cryptographic implementations over the last twenty years. We provide a foundation by exploring, in depth, several concepts, such as Simple Power Analysis (SPA), Differential Power Analysis (DPA), Template Attacks (TA), Correlation Power Analysis (CPA), Mutual Information Analysis (MIA), and Test Vector Leakage Assessment (TVLA), as well as the theories that underpin them. Our introduction, review, presentation, and survey of topics are provided for the “non expert”, and are ideal for new researchers entering this field. We conclude the work with a brief introduction to the use of test statistics (specifically Welch’s t-test and Pearson’s chi-squared test) as a measure of confidence that a device is leaking secrets through a side-channel and issue a challenge for further exploration.
The Influence of Fertilization Regime and Mycorrhizal Inoculum on Outplanting Success: A Field Trial of Containerized Seedlings in Oregon

Mycorrhizal inoculum is marketed as a means of increasing seedling survival, growth, and drought resistance, among other benefits. The production of plant materials colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, however, has proved to be problematic due to the lack of integration between biotechnical firms that produce mycorrhizal inoculum and cultural procedures at commercial nurseries. Our research demonstrates that inoculum-compatible fertilization regimes can have significant effects on mycorrhizal colonization rates and plant performance following outplanting. Mycorrhizal inoculum was applied to 5 species (Ribes aureum Pursh [Grossulariaceae], Prunus pumila L. var. besseyi (L.H. Bailey) Gleason [Rosaceae], Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. [Rosaceae], Amorpha canescens Pursh [Fabaceae], Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. [Cupressaceae]) grown under a traditional fertigation regime and under an alternative regime consisting of a mix of low phosphorus, slow-release fertilizer. The percentage of seedlings exhibiting mycorrhizal structures ranged from 0 to 20% for the traditional fertigation regime compared with a range of 16 to 92% for the alternative slow-release regime. Following outplanting, seedling survival ranged from 20 to 60% for traditional fertigation regime compared with 65 to 95% for the alternative slow-release regime. This study emphasizes the need to consider greenhouse fertilization strategies in order to effectively produce colonized plant material and to achieve the potential benefits of mycorrhiza under field conditions.Meikle TW, Amaranthus M. 2008. The influence of fertilization regime and mycorrhizal inoculum on outplanting success: a field trial of containerized seedlings in Oregon. Native Plants Journal 9(2):107–116.
A monoclonal antibody for the detection of arionid slug remains in carabid predators

Abstract Conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems (ELISA), using polyclonal antisera, cannot be applied in fully quantitative investigations of predator-prey interactions in biological control studies, where a number of related prey genera are present that react, to different degrees, with the chosen antisera. The greater specificity achievable with monoclonal antibodies can surmount this difficulty. This paper reports the development of a monoclonal antibody, to Arion ater (L.) hemocyanin, that can clearly identify arionid slugs from other pest genera, such as Deroceras and Milax sp. , that are found in field crops. Having identified the prey in this manner, the gut contents of carabid beetles, and other predators, can be quantitatively assessed using monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal antisera raised to the appropriate prey genus, thus maximizing sensitivity and antigen detection periods. There were no significant cross-reactions between the monoclonal antibody and 19 nonmollusc alternative prey species, nor with predator proteins. The ELISA system employed was capable of detecting as little as 3.43 ng of hemocyanin. The monoclonal antibody recognized the remains of Arion hortensis Ferussac tested following overnight consumption by Abax parallelepipedus Piller & Mitterpacher, but not after a further 24-h starvation period. The important possibility of using the monoclonal and polyclonal systems in combination, to determine the time since feeding, and hence to calculate the size of the original meal, was discussed.
A Comparative Toxicological Assessment of Perchlorate and Thiocyanate Based on Competitive Inhibition of Iodide Uptake as the Common Mode of Action

ABSTRACT Thiocyanate and perchlorate are known to competitively inhibit thyroidal iodide uptake at the sodium-iodide symporter. Estimates of their relative potencies have recently been refined; thiocyanate is 15 times less potent than perchlorate on a serum concentration basis. Numerous studies have been published relating serum thiocyanate concentrations (or surrogate measures) with thyroid function in various populations including pregnant women and neonates in regions with varying degrees of iodine deficiency. Fifteen published studies were located that relate serum thiocyanate concentrations with thyroid function. In the absence of severe iodine deficiency or iodine excess, adverse thyroidal effects occur with chronic serum thiocyanate concentrations ≥ 200 μ mol/L whereas non-adverse effects are observed with concentrations in the range of 65–85 μ mol/L. No adverse or non-adverse effects are observed at serum concentrations below 50 μ mol/L, even among sensitive subpopulations. Recently, studies relating serum perchlorate concentrations with perchlorate dose have become available, thus making it possible to predict the perchlorate dose associated with a serum perchlorate concentration. Serum thiocyanate concentrations found to induce non-adverse or adverse thyroid effects can thereby be used to predict the perchlorate concentration and thus the perchlorate dose that would be expected to induce similar effects. To place a perspective on environmental perchlorate exposure, a serum thiocyanate concentration of 50 μ mol/L is equivalent to a serum perchlorate concentration of 3.3 μ mol/L in terms of iodine uptake inhibition. This serum perchlorate concentration would require a perchlorate dose of 0.27 mg/kg-day, or a drinking water equivalent level of 9 mg/L using standard default assumptions of a 70 kg adult drinking 2 liters of water daily.