Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Guangzhou Based on an Approach of Combining Positive Matrix Factorization with the Bayesian Mixing Model and Radiocarbon

To accurately apportion the sources of aerosols, a combined method of positive matrix factorization (PMF) and the Bayesian mixing model was applied in this study. The PMF model was conducted to identify the sources of PM2.5 in Guangzhou. The secondary inorganic aerosol source was one of the seven main sources in Guangzhou. Based on stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen (δ15N-NO3− and δ18O-NO3−), the Bayesian mixing model was performed to apportion the source of NO3− to coal combustion, traffic emission and biogenic source. Then the secondary aerosol source was subdivided into three sources according to the discrepancy in source apportionment of NO3− between PMF and Bayesian mixing model results. After secondary aerosol assignment, the six main sources of PM2.5 were traffic emission (30.6%), biomass burning (23.1%), coal combustion (17.7%), ship emission (14.0%), biomass boiler (9.9%) and industrial emission (4.7%). To assess the source apportionment results, fossil/non-fossil source contributions to organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC) inferred from 14C measurements were compared with the corresponding results in the PMF model. The results showed that source distributions of EC matched well between those two methods, indicating that the PMF model captured the primary sources well. Probably because of the lack of organic molecular markers to identify the biogenic source of OC, the non-fossil source contribution to OC in PMF results was obviously lower than 14C results. Thus, an indicative organic molecular tracer should be used to identify the biogenic source when accurately apportioning the sources of aerosols, especially in the region with high plant coverage or intense biomass burning.
Microbial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections

Objective To determine the pattern of microbes responsible for urinary tract infections and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Methods This was a prospective, observational study conducted at Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The urine samples of 440 patients were collected and sent for culture and sensitivity analysis. The results were recorded on a proforma. The data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Chi-square test was applied to determine the significance of the difference between gender and microorganisms as well as microorganism and antimicrobial sensitivity. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of 440 urine samples, 144 culture-positive samples had been obtained from male participants and 296 culture-positive samples had been obtained from female participants. The most common organism on analysis was Escherichia coli. There were more rates of resistance in males. The organisms were most susceptible to fosfomycin and imipenem (p = 0.01). The organisms were resistant to ceftazidime (p = 0.01). Conclusion In Pakistan, most patients with resistance present with mild symptoms instead of severe clinical manifestations. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the over-prescription of antibiotics for urinary tract infections, especially in cases when other non-antimicrobial agents can be used.
Incorporating Uncertainty into Area-under-the-Curve and Peak Count Salmon Escapement Estimation

Abstract Uncertainty can be incorporated into area-under-the-curve (AUC) and peak count estimates of salmon escapement by conducting replicate fish counts and developing independent escapement estimates over several years. We describe a bootstrap procedure that follows the trapezoidal AUC method and incorporates the uncertainty associated with fish counts, the shape of the spawner curve, observer efficiency, and residence time. However, the procedure does not incorporate all sources of uncertainty or address the problems posed by sparse surveys or nonzero first or last counts. For the peak count method, the procedure was modified to include the uncertainty from fish counts, observer efficiency, the expansion factor, and the timing of scheduled flights with respect to peak spawning activity. Data from spring-run, stream-type chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Nicola River, British Columbia, were used to demonstrate the procedures' applications. Replicate aerial spawner counts were similar and r.
The relationship between foraging behaviour and energy expenditure in Antarctic fur seals

By using time-depth recorders to measure diving activity and the doubly-labelled water method to determine energy expenditure, the relationship between foraging behaviour and energy expenditure was investigated in nine Antarctic fur seal females rearing pups. At-sea metabolic rate (MR) (mean of 6.34 ± 0.4 W. kg-1; 4.6 times predicted BMR) was positively correlated to foraging trip duration (mean of 4.21 ± 0.54 days; r2= 0.5, P < 0.04). There were no relationships between MR and the total number of dives, the total time spent diving or the total vertical distance travelled during the foraging trip. There was, however, a close negative sigmoidal relationship (r2= 0.93) between at-sea MR and the proportion of time at sea spent diving. This measure of diving behaviour may provide a useful, inexpensive means of estimating foraging energy expenditure in this species and possibly in other otariids. The rate of diving (m.h-1) was also negatively related to at-sea MR (r2= 0.69, P < 0.005). Body mass gain during a foraging trip had a positive relationship to the time spent at sea (r2= 0.58, P < 0.02) and the total amount of energy expended while at sea (r2= 0.72, P < 0.004) such that, while females undertaking long trips have higher metabolic rates, the energetic efficiency with which females gain mass is independent of the time spent at sea. Therefore, within the range of conditions observed, there is no apparent energetic advantage for females in undertaking foraging trips of any particular duration.
Response of Lantana camara L. subsp. camarato paclobutrazol and shading

The effects of several shading materials on the response of Lantana camara L. subsp. camara to paclobutrazol were investigated in 1997 and 1998 under greenhouse conditions inAttica (37°48’20”N, 23°57’48”E), Greece. Treatments were shading (0%, 28% and 65%) and paclobutrazol (0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg L–1) drenches after pinching of the plants. As paclobutrazol concentration increased, plant growth, expressed by the growth index (GI), decreased, at all shading levels. At the same time, the number of flowers per plant increased to a maximum as paclobutrazol concentration increased to 80 mg L–1. Concentrations above this resulted in a decrease in the number of flowers per plant, at all shading levels. The interaction between shading level and paclobutrazol concentration significantly affected the studied parameters. The growth index increased while the number of flowers per plant decreased as shading increased from 0% to 65%, at all concentration levels examined. Plants treated with paclobutrazol had greener .
Células-tronco mesenquimais

Of all the stem cells studied so far, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) stand out for their high plasticity and capacity of generating mesodermal and non-mesodermal tissues. In addition, immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive features that expand possibilities for therapeutic use are present in these cells. A variety of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors are secrete for MSC and provide a modulation of inflammatory response, re-establishment of vascular supply and adequate repair of the tissue, contributing to tissue homeostasis under physiologic conditions. Therefore, they can induce secretion of soluble factors that stimulate their differentiation by other cells present at the niche's tissue, promoting the repair process. Cell therapy using MSC is a promises therapeutic alternative, but understanding the biology of these cells is still under construction. The aim of the article is to conduct a short review of these undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.
Foregrounding Learning in Infrastructuring—to Change Worldviews and Practices in the Public Sector

Mutual learning and infrastructuring are two core concepts in Participatory Design (PD), but the relation between them has yet to be explored. In this article, we foreground learning in infrastructuring processes aimed at change in the public sector. Star and Ruhleder's (1996) framework for first, second, and third level issues is applied as a fruitful way to stage and analyze learning in such processes. The argument is developed through the insights that arose from a 4-year-long infrastructuring process about future library practices. Framed as Co-Labs the process was organized by researchers and officers from the local regional office. This led to adjusted roles for both PD researchers and civil servants working with materials at the operational and strategic levels. The case shows how learning led to profound changes in the regional public sector in the form of less bureaucratic and more participatory experimental and learning-focused worldviews and practices.
Relationships between substrate and the mobilization of reserve with temperature during seed germination of Ormosia coarctata Jack.

Abstract: Seed germination studies provide essential information for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration programs. This work aimed to investigate the relationship between the substrates and the mobilization of reserves during germination of Ormosia coarctata seeds under different temperatures. Samples were collected every 48 h for up to 240 h for quantification of lipids, soluble sugars, starch, and soluble proteins. The optimum temperature range for germination was 25 to 35 °C. The highest germination percentages were obtained using sand or paper roll. Carbohydrate, lipid, and protein contents decreased during germination, regardless of temperature.
Demand and proximity: drivers of illegal forest resource extraction

Abstract Illegal extraction from protected areas is often shaped by the surrounding socio-economic landscape. We coupled village-scale socio-economic parameters collected using household surveys with measured levels of illegal resource extraction proximate to study villages to investigate the socio-economic drivers of illegal extraction from Kibale National Park, Uganda. The level of illegal tree harvesting and the number of illegal entry trails into the Park were driven by subsistence demand from villages adjacent to the Park and by for-profit extraction to supply local urban markets, whereas grazing in the Park was linked to high livestock ownership. Capital asset wealth, excluding livestock, was found to mitigate illegal resource extraction from the Park. We also found high human population density to coincide spatially with park-based tourism, research and carbon sequestration employment opportunities. Conservation strategies should be integrated with national policy to meet the needs of local communities and to manage urban demand to reduce illegal extraction from protected areas.
A phylogenetic reconsideration of suctorian ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea) based on small subunit rRNA gene sequences

Compared with other ciliated protozoa, molecular studies of phylogenetic relationships within the subclass Suctoria are rare. In this work, phylogenetic analyses focusing on this group were performed based on all data available. In addition, the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes of three suctorian ciliates (Acineta compressa, Acineta tuberosa and Paracineta limbata) were newly sequenced. Furthermore, the putative secondary structures of the variable region 2 of the SSU rRNA gene were predicted and compared within the Suctoria. Our results show that (i) there is support for the monophyly of the subclass Suctoria, which is a sister clade to the cyrtophorids; (ii) based on combined morphologic and molecular features, we propose the following evolutionary routine within the Suctoria: Exogenina – Evaginogenina – Endogenina; (iii) the similarities of the secondary structures of the V2 region and the SSU rRNA gene sequences within the subclass Suctoria are consistent with the branching of the phylogenetic lineages.
Practical Submodule Capacitor Sizing for Modular Multilevel Converter Considering Grid Faults

Submodule (SM) capacitors are key elements in the modular multilevel converter (MMC), the design of which influences the entire system performance. In practical cases, SM capacitor sizing must consider the abnormal system operation (e.g., grid faults). In order to find a clear design boundary for SM capacitors, a practical capacitor sizing method is presented for the first time in this paper, considering the grid-fault-ride-through operation of the MMC, impact of MMC control system, and aging mechanism of capacitors. The SM capacitor rated voltage, capacitance, ESR, thermal resistance, and lifetime can be decided to ensure reliable operations of the MMC during grid faults. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified through experimental tests on a down-scale MMC system.
Population structure of snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng.) subalpine woodland in Kosciusko National Park.

Snow gum was sampled in 15 sites at altitudes from 1540 to 1820m. The population age structure reflects the incidence of fire and grazing, which have affected the woodland since 1900. Evidence for recruitment on three occasions prior to 1900 is given, and it is suggested that two of these may have arisen as a result of fire. Whereas pre-disturbance stem densities calculated from remnants of previous populations suggest densities of between 24 and 240 stems per hectare according to site, current stem densities arising from flushes of regeneration this century are calculated as between 700 and 5550 stems per hectare. In 1973, levels of failing stems within juvenile, mature and old subpopulations, while variable, suggest that it may be 100-200 or more years before stem densities approach the calculated pre-disturbance densities. The work raises park management issues: what structural forms of woodland are appropriate in the Park; what effect allowing natural senescence to thin existing woodland will have on fire hazard and other components of the ecosystem; the need for a long-term monitoring system.
The Effects of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention on Expected Outcomes of Startup: Moderated Mediation Effect of Growth Mindset

Background/Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effects of the growth mindset on the mediating effects of entrepreneurial intention between the entrepreneurship and the expected outcomes of startup. Methods/Statistical analysis : A survey was conducted on 280 employees from H and D cities in Korea. Frequency analysis and correlation analysis were performed for this study. Finally, regression analysis was conducted to analyze the moderated mediation effects. Findings : The main findings were as follows. As a result of correlation analysis, a positive correlation was observed between all the major variables. The growth mindset had a moderating effect on the mediating effect of the entrepreneurial intention between the entrepreneurship and the expected outcomes of startup. Improvements/Applications : Based on the results of this study, we discussed ways to improve the outcome of start-up using entrepreneurship and growth mindset.
Demography of Machaerium cuspidatum, a shade-tolerant neotropical liana

The population dynamics of the liana Machaerium cuspidatum (Fabaceae) were studied in an Amazonian forest in Ecuador using a stage-classified matrix model. Growth, mortality and number of new seedlings were recorded over two 1.5-y periods in eight 20 × 250-m transects. The population growth rate (λ) was 1.032, which was significantly higher than 1. The dynamics of the species were most influenced by survival of large plants, which is typical for slow-growing woody species. λ varied little among years or transects in spite of the high seedling production in one period. The importance of canopy openness and crown height for population growth was studied using bootstraps on λ for different subsets of the whole population. The results suggest that the population growth rate was lower in tall forest (height > 10 m) than in the population in general. The population growth rates in areas with shaded understorey and in low forest (≤ 20 m) were the same as for the whole population. A life table response experiment (LTRE) revealed that the lower λ in tall forest resulted from lower growth and survival of large plants in tall forest. These results indicate that the species is shade-tolerant but that it is sensitive to variations in forest dynamics. The dominance of the species and the increasing population size suggest that the forest has had a low disturbance rate for a long time.
Uptake of Sulfate from Ambient Water by Freshwater Animals

To better understand how the sulfate (SO42−) anion may contribute to the adverse effects associated with elevated ionic strength or salinity in freshwaters, we measured the uptake and efflux of SO42− in four freshwater species: the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas, Teleostei: Cyprinidae), paper pondshell (Utterbackia imbecillis, Bivalvia: Unionidae), red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Crustacea: Cambaridae), and two-lined mayfly (Hexagenia bilineata, Insecta: Ephemeridae). Using δ(34S/32S) stable isotope ratios and the concentrations of S and SO42−, we measured the SO42− influx rate (Jin), net flux (Jnet), and efflux rate (Jout) during a 24 h exposure period. For all four species, the means of Jin for SO42− were positive, and Jin was significantly greater than 0 at both target SO42− concentrations in the fish and mollusk and at the lower SO42− concentration in the crayfish. The means of Jout and Jnet were much more variable than those for Jin, but several species by target SO42− concentration combinations for Jout and Jnet, were negative, which suggests the net excretion of SO42− by the animals. The results of our experiments suggest a greater regulation of SO42− in freshwater animals than has been previously reported.
The Influence of Hidden Researcher Decisions in Applied Microeconomics

Researchers make hundreds of decisions about data collection, preparation, and analysis in their research. We use a many-analysts approach to measure the extent and impact of these decisions. Two published causal empirical results are replicated by seven replicators each. We find large differences in data preparation and analysis decisions, many of which would not likely be reported in a publication. No two replicators reported the same sample size. Statistical significance varied across replications, and for one of the studies the effect's sign varied as well. The standard deviation of estimates across replications was 3-4 times the typical reported standard error.
Mastacembelidae (Teleostei; Synbranchiformes) subfamily division and African generic division: an evaluation

The family Mastacembelidae is currently divided into two subfamilies, the Mastacembelinae and the Afromastacembelinae. Within the African Afromastacembelinae two genera, Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus, are recognized. Both the subfamily and the African generic division were critically evaluated mainly through X‐ray analyses and osteological research. There is no supporting evidence for a split into two subfamilies. In addition, the present diagnosis of the African genera proved to be unworkable, and no convincing phylogenetic evidence supporting this classification is available. Therefore, pending new detailed phylogenetic research, the use of a subfamily classification within the family Mastacembelidae is not recommended. Furthermore, Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus are placed in synonymy with the genus Mastacembelus.
Robust adaptive anti-synchronization control of multiple uncertain chaotic systems of different orders

The precise anti-synchronization control of uncertain chaotic systems has always remained an interesting problem. The anti-synchronization control of multiple different orders uncertain chaotic systems increases the complexity and enhances the security of the information signal in secure communications. Hence, it confines the hacking in digital communication systems. This paper proposes a novel adaptive control technique and studies the double combination anti-synchronization of multiple different orders uncertain chaotic systems. The proposed adaptive feedback control technique consists of three fundamental nonlinear components. Each component accomplishes a different objective; (i) stability of the closed-loop, (ii) smooth and fast convergence behaviour of the anti-synchronization error, and (iii) disturbance rejection. The theoretical analysis in (i) to (iii) uses the Lyapunov stability theory. This paper also provides parameters adaptation laws that stabilize the uncertain parameters to some constants. The paper discusses the simulation results of two representative examples of four different orders uncertain chaotic systems. These examples demonstrate anti-synchronization among hyperchaotic Lü, uncertain chaotic Shimizu Morioka, uncertain second-order nonlinear duffing, and uncertain parametrically excited second-order nonlinear pendulum systems. The computer-based simulation results certify the efficiency and performance of the proposed anti-synchronization control approach and compare them with peer works.
Identification of Residues 99, 220, and 221 of Human Cytochrome P450 2C19 as Key Determinants of Omeprazole Hydroxylase Activity (*)

Human P450 2C19 is selective for 4′-hydroxylation of S-mephenytoin and 5-hydroxylation of omeprazole, while the structurally homologous P450 2C9 has low activity toward these substrates. To identify the critical amino acids that determine the specificity of human P450 2C19, we constructed chimeras of P450 2C9 replacing various proposed substrate binding sites (SRS) with those of P450 2C19 and then replaced individual residues of P450 2C9 by site-directed mutagenesis. The 339 NH-terminal amino acid residues (SRS-1-SRS-4) and amino acids 160-383 (SRS-2-SRS-5) of P450 2C19 conferred omeprazole 5-hydroxylase activity to P450 2C9. In contrast, the COOH terminus of P450 2C19 (residues 340-490 including SRS-5 and SRS-6), residues 228-339 (SRS-3 and SRS-4) and residues 292-383 (part of SRS-4 and SRS-5) conferred only modest increases in activity. A single mutation Ile His increased omeprazole 5-hydroxylase to 51% of that of P450 2C19. A chimera spanning residues 160-227 of P450 2C19 also exhibited omeprazole 5-hydroxylase activity which was dramatically enhanced by the mutation Ile His. A combination of two mutations, Ile His and Ser Pro, converted P450 2C9 to an enzyme with a turnover number for omeprazole 5-hydroxylation, which resembled that of P450 2C19. Mutation of Pro Thr enhanced this activity. Residue 99 is within SRS-1, but amino acids 220 and 221 are in the F-G loop and outside any known SRS. Mutation of these three amino acids did not confer significant S-mephenytoin 4′-hydroxylase activity to P450 2C9, although chimeras containing SRS-1-SRS-4 and SRS-2-SRS-5 of P450 2C19 exhibited activity toward this substrate. Our results thus indicate that amino acids 99, 220, and 221 are key residues that determine the specificity of P450 2C19 for omeprazole.