Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Easa Using Artificial Neural Network to Predict Collisions on Horizontal Tangents of 3 D Two-Lane Highways

The purpose of this study is mainly to predict collision frequency on the horizontal tangents combined with vertical curves using artificial neural network methods. The proposed ANN models are compared with existing regression models. First, the variables that affect collision frequency were investigated. It was found that only the annual average daily traffic, section length, access density, the rate of vertical curvature, smaller curve radius before and after the tangent were statistically significant according to related combinations. Second, three statistical models (negative binomial, zero inflated Poisson and zero inflated negative binomial) were developed using the significant variables for three alignment combinations. Third, ANN models are developed by applying the same variables for each combination. The results clearly show that the ANN models have the lowest mean square error value than those of the statistical models. Similarly, the AIC values of the ANN models are smaller to those of the regression models for all the combinations. Consequently, the ANN models have better statistical performances than statistical models for estimating collision frequency. The ANN models presented in this paper are recommended for evaluating the safety impacts 3D alignment elements on horizontal tangents. Keywords—Collision frequency, horizontal tangent, 3D two-lane highway, negative binomial, zero inflated Poisson, artificial neural network.
New Cross-Sections for natMo(α,x) Reactions and Medical 97Ru Production Estimations with Radionuclide Yield Calculator

The production of 97Ru, a potential Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) radioisotope, was studied at ARRONAX. The cross-section of natMo(α,x)97Ru reaction was investigated in the range of 40–67 MeV irradiating the natMo and Al stacked-foils. The activities of 97Ru and other radioactive contaminants were measured via gamma spectroscopy technique. A global good agreement is observed between obtained cross-section results, previously reported values and TENDL-2017 predictions. Additionally, Radionuclide Yield Calculator, a software that we made available for free, dedicated to quickly calculate yields and plan the irradiation for any radioisotope production, was introduced. The yield of investigated nuclear reactions indicated the feasibility of 97Ru production for medical applications with the use of α beam and Mo targets opening the way to a theranostic approach with 97Ru and 103Ru.
Jet-related Excitation of the [C ii] Emission in the Active Galaxy NGC 4258 with SOFIA

We detect widespread [C ii] 157.7 μm emission from the inner 5 kpc of the active galaxy NGC 4258 with the SOFIA integral field spectrometer FIFI-LS. The emission is found to be associated with warm H2, distributed along and beyond the end of the southern jet, in a zone known to contain shock-excited optical filaments. It is also associated with soft X-ray hotspots, which are the counterparts of the “anomalous radio arms” of NGC 4258, and a 1 kpc long filament on the minor axis of the galaxy that contains young star clusters. Palomar CWI Hα integral field spectroscopy shows that the filament exhibits non-circular motions within NGC 4258. Many of the [C ii] profiles are very broad, with the greatest line width, 455 km s−1, observed at the position of the southern jet bow-shock. Abnormally high ratios of L([C ii])/L(FIR) and L([C ii])/L(PAH 7.7 μm) are found along and beyond the southern jet and in the X-ray hotspots. These are the same regions that exhibit unusually large intrinsic [C ii] line widths. This suggests that the [C ii] traces warm molecular gas in shocks and turbulence associated with the jet. We estimate that as much as 40% (3.8 × 1039 erg s−1) of the total [C ii] luminosity from the inner 5 kpc of NGC 4258 arises in shocks and turbulence (<1% bolometric luminosity from the active nucleus), the rest being consistent with [C ii] excitation associated with star formation. We propose that the highly inclined jet is colliding with, and being deflected around, dense irregularities in a thick disk, leading to significant energy dissipation over a wide area of the galaxy.
Dynamical Behavior and Stability Analysis in a Hybrid Epidemiological-Economic Model with Incubation

A hybrid SIR vector disease model with incubation is established, where susceptible host population satisfies the logistic equation and the recovered host individuals are commercially harvested. It is utilized to discuss the transmission mechanism of infectious disease and dynamical effect of commercial harvest on population dynamics. Positivity and permanence of solutions are analytically investigated. By choosing economic interest of commercial harvesting as a parameter, dynamical behavior and local stability of model system without time delay are studied. It reveals that there is a phenomenon of singularity induced bifurcation as well as local stability switch around interior equilibrium when economic interest increases through zero. State feedback controllers are designed to stabilize model system around the desired interior equilibria in the case of zero economic interest and positive economic interest, respectively. By analyzing corresponding characteristic equation of model system with time delay, local stability analysis around interior equilibrium is discussed due to variation of time delay. Hopf bifurcation occurs at the critical value of time delay and corresponding limit cycle is also observed. Furthermore, directions of Hopf bifurcation and stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions are studied. Numerical simulations are carried out to show consistency with theoretical analysis.
A Survey of Litigation in Corporate Finance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review research on litigation in corporate finance. Design/methodology/approach This paper surveys studies on the estimation of litigation risk, litigation costs, stock reaction to lawsuit announcement, and the effect of litigation on corporate financial policies and outcomes. Findings The first section presents a survey of studies that estimate litigation risk. The authors then discuss a set of studies that focus on the various costs associated with litigation. The third area of review is about studies which estimate the market reaction to a lawsuit announcement. The next section surveys studies that examine the relation between litigation and a variety of corporate policies, behaviors, and outcomes. The authors then discuss the emerging literature on how corporate political connections can influence the outcome of litigation. The survey concludes with a brief summary and a discussion of suggestions for future research involving corporate litigation. Originality/value By providing an extensive review of the literature on litigation in corporate finance, this survey can help researchers to identify recent trends in litigation research and select promising new avenues of investigation in the field.
Short gamma-ray bursts with extended emission observed with Swift/BAT and Fermi/GBM

Some short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are followed by longer extended emission (EE), lasting anywhere from similar to 10 to similar to 100 s. These short GRBs with EE can possess observational characteristics of both short and long GRBs (as represented by GRB 060614), and the traditional classification based on the observed duration places some of them in the long GRB class. While GRBs with EE pose a challenge to the compact-binary merger scenario, they may therefore provide an important link between short-and long-duration events. To identify the population of GRBs with EE regardless of their initial classifications, we performed a systematic search of short GRBs with EE using all available data (up to 2013 February) of both Swift/BAT and Fermi/GBM. The search identified 16 BAT and 14 GBM detected GRBs with EE, several of which are common events observed with both detectors. We investigated their spectral and temporal properties for both the spikes and the EE, and examined correlations among these parameters. Here we present the results of the systematic search as well as the properties of the identified events. Finally, their properties are also compared with short GRBs with EE observed with BATSE, identified through our previous search effort. We found several strong correlations among parameters, especially when all of the samples were combined. Based on our results, a possible progenitor scenario of two-component jet is discussed.
Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

Background: Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) is a client-centered treatment approach that was developed in the 1990s by occupational therapists. Purpose: Exploring current evidence about the effectiveness of CO-OP on children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method: Major electronic databases were searched. A narrative synthesis of current literature and meta-analyses on randomized control trials (RCTs) were conducted on changes in occupational performance. Findings: Seven studies with 103 participants were included. Four studies were RCTs with moderate levels of evidence, and three studies had single-subject designs. Although beneficial effects of CO-OP on goal achievement and transferring learned skills were reported, meta-analyses showed that CO-OP had no significant effect on the performance (WMD = 1.52, 95% CI = −1.58 to 4.63, P = .33) and satisfaction domains (WMD = 1.71, 95% CI = −1.14 to 4.57, P = .24) of Canadian Occupational Performance Measure scores compared to alternative interventions. Implications: CO-OP improves occupational performance but not more than alternative interventions. Results are inconclusive due to small sample sizes and heterogeneity of alternative interventions and participants. Therefore, research with a larger number of participants with sound RCT methods is needed.
Lessons from the global financial meltdown : minimising risk by enhancing value creation in land and water management

“Risk intelligence” is a necessary adjunct to management and planning in land and water resource protection and productivity. Following a brief review of how risk is quantified, packaged and sold in the financial sector, risk management in land and water resource management in New Zealand is assessed in the light of the 2007–2009 global financial meltdown. Conventional planning approaches for scenario planning do not accommodate the wide complexities of risk management because of their inability to adequately quantify and forecast risk for value creation. A case study using a farm in Rotorua, New Zealand, is employed to explore how farming risks in terms of nitrate leaching, phosphorus loss, sedimentation and biodiversity loss, may be minimised in exchange for value creation. Historical variance and trends of simulated variables is estimated through random sampling for future trends using Beta, Triangular and Two-sided Power distributions and Monte Carlo simulations. Despite all three statistical distributions performing relatively well, the choice of the most appropriate one will ultimately be determined by expert judgement.
A head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model to 2 study and target HPV replication and transcription 3

The incidence of human papillomavirus-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 10 (HPV+HNSCC) has reached epidemic levels in the last decade. While prophylactic vaccines will 11 prevent future HPV infections, there are currently no HPV-specific antiviral drugs to treat current 12 HPV infections or HPV+HNSCC. HPV replication and transcription are promising targets for 13 anti-HPV therapeutics, as modulation of these processes can alter expression levels of HPV E6 and 14 E7, which are required for maintenance of the transformed phenotype. This is a particularly 15 attractive target in in HPV+HNSCC where the majority of tumors have episomal genomes 16 replicating in an E1-E2 dependent manner. Here, we describe a model system to study HPV16 17 E1-E2 mediated DNA replication and HPV16 E2-mediated transcriptional activation and 18 repression in multiple HNSCC cell lines. Our results demonstrate that low levels of IFIT1 are 19 required for HPV16 replication in HNSCC cell lines and HPV16 E1 interacts with IFIT1. Restoration 20 of IFIT1 expression in HNSCC cell lines partially inhibits HPV16 E1-E2 mediated replication. This 21 system can be used to study replication and transcription by HPV16 E1 and E2 in HNSCC as well 22 as be utilized to screen potential anti-HPV therapeutics that target HPV16 replication and 23 transcription. 24
Factors Associated with Audit Reports in Saudi Arabia

Considering audit reports as the results of any audit task and their importance in communicating an auditorâ€™s opinion about the credibility of financial statements, this study aims to investigate the effect of firm-related factors and auditor-related factors on the kinds of audit reports in Saudi Arabia, which is considered one of the biggest markets in the MENA region. Data for 153 listed companies are employed in the analysis, collected as at the end of 2013. A multiple regression model is developed taking audit reports as the dependent variable. The results indicate that the auditorâ€™s size, firm size, and leverage significantly affect audit reports, with large auditors tending to issue modified audit reports more than smaller auditors, and small companies and leveraged companies being more likely to receive modified audit reports. Neither profitability nor the age of the company (as a listed company) affects audit reports. These results are consisted with the literature and the nature of the Saudi stock market formally established in 2003.
Attitudes Toward Women Inventory (AWI) in Dutch Violent Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients

The Attitudes toward Women Inventory (AWI) was developed in a group of Dutch violent forensic psychiatric inpatients to assess antisocial attitudes toward women. The internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability of the instrument with 12 items were good. Negative attitudes toward women appeared to be negatively related to agreeableness and positively related to hostility and verbal aggression. A comparison with a non-clinical reference group yielded no difference in AWI total score, but the patients scored significantly higher on two sexual aggression items. Further studies on its psychometric properties in larger offender and non-clinical populations are needed.
Phytochemical & HPTLC analysis of roots of Acacia arabica Willd .

The present work has been undertaken to establish the necessary pharmacognostic standards and phytochemical constituents for evaluation of roots of Acacia arabica Willd (family Fabaceae). Plant is studied for its morphology, microscopy, phytochemicals present in plant root and HPTLC was carried out for quantification of quercetin in root extract. Various morphological parameters of fresh as well as shade dried form of roots were studied. Microscopy showed the presence of medullary rays, pith, phloem fiber, cork cells, epidermis and xylem cells in root. Physico-chemical constants such as fluorescence analysis of root powder and extracts, ash values, loss on drying, extractive value, swelling index, percentage extractive values of extracts with different solvents, consistency and color of different extracts under ordinary and UV light were studied. Phytochemical screening of total ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponin glycosides & reducing sugars. HPTLC was carried out for quantification of quercetin in ethanolic extract of the roots of A. arabica Willd. It was concluded that the Acacia Arabica Willd contains various phytochemicals; among these tannins and flavonoids are its main constituents.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at greater risk for severe morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 due to comorbid, chronic, medical conditions and structural inequities associated with housing instability and incarceration. As such, they are a population that would greatly beneﬁt from COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: We surveyed 350 syringe exchange clients between March 2021 and June 2021 to collect information on vaccine uptake among PWID, facilitators and barriers to vaccination, and demographic correlates of vaccine hesitancy. Results: Findings highlight that among PWID, vaccination access was remarkably low with only 10% of the sample receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine acceptability among people who were unvaccinated was 42% highlighting barriers to access. Motivation for vaccination included a desire to keep family members and other community members safe and a desire to feel safe around other people. Barriers to vaccination included concerns about vaccine side eﬀects, lack of concern surrounding the eﬀects of COVID-19, and insuﬃcient information about how the vaccine works, along with general distrust of the vaccine development and deployment process. Conclusions: There is a need for structural interventions and individual behavioral interventions to improve COVID-19 vaccine access and uptake among PWID. Limitations and implications for next steps and future directions are discussed.
Inhomogeneous Structure of the Senegal Lithosphere From Deep Magnetotelluric Soundings

Data from 23 magnetotelluric sites were used to determine electrical conductivities within the crust and upper mantle in Senegal (West Africa) along a profile about 600 km long. Data have been obtained in a variety of tectonic zones: the West African craton (stable since 1850±250 m.y.), the West African mobile belt (with ages in the range of 350–650 m.y.), and the Senegal sedimentary basin. An earth model is derived from two-dimensional modeling. The model shows several heterogeneities extending deep in the lithosphere and, perhaps more deeply, in the asthenosphere, to a depth of about 460 km. At the stations in the western part of the basin the average resistivity is anomalously low (20–30 ohm m) down to about 10 km. The basin anomaly in the upper crust is assumed to mark an initial rift zone; it may reveal a pattern of crustal weakness in this area. Beneath this zone, the resisitivity is in the range of 1000–3000 ohm m down to at least 300 km. In the eastern basin the resistivity is decreasing in the depth range of 20–30 km, and the top of the ultimate mantle conductor is at a depth of 300 km. At the sites in the marginal part of the West African craton, conductive layers can be recognized in the depth range of 30–40 and 80–100 km. The resistivity drops to 10 ohm m at a depth of about 460 km. The model in this region is compared with available geological and geophysical information, and an attempt is made to explain some of the observed discontinuities by plate tectonics. It is suggested that the major discontinuity which separates the basin and the mobile belt and extends to about 460 km depth could be interpreted as marking a Precambrian subduction slab dipping eastward. In the West African craton a low resistivity has been determined for a depth range of 130–150 km. The upper 130 km were found to have the rather high resistivities of 1000–3000 ohm m. A sharp rise in conductivity occurs at a depth of about 460 km beneath the craton. In contrast, a surprising feature in the Kedougou region (in the craton) is that the major portion of the lower crust is conductive. The existence of a Birrimian geosynclinal pair in eastern Senegal consisting of a eugeosynclinal marine andesitic volcanic trough, particularly volcanics with ophiolite affinity, and a miogeosynclinal sedimentary sequence could characterize a modern plate tectonic phase dominated by widespread ocean opening and continental collision. The conductive material in the lower crust might be explained by the buried ocean crust.
Historical and Comparative Institutional Analysis: Evidences from Deforestation

This paper investigates if past institutional, economic, political, social, and cultural features (i.e legal origins on law and regulations and colonial legacies) interact in shaping the current institutional performances on deforestation in 116 developed and developing countries. A two step approach is implemented. First, we investigate relations between colonial legacies-legal origins and current institutional performances. We find that common law countries and previous British colonies have better institutions that French civil law and other past colonized countries. Second, we provide two econometrics procedures to capture some institutional persistences on deforestation which allow to estimate current institutional effects on deforestation conditioned to historical variables. In a first time, we run our deforestation model on different samples (under historical variables) and in a second time, interactive variables are introduced. We find that (i) French civil law countries deforest less than common law ones; (ii) less corruption and more secured property rights decrease deforestation in common law countries; (iii) better rules of law reduce deforestation but this feature is more likely in previous British colonies or non colonized countries. Finally, this paper shows that current institutional performances are important factors in the process of deforestation and that these factors are conditioned to past influences.
Development of chimeric receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B with glutathione S‐transferase in the extracellular domain: Artificial switch in a membrane receptor

Various chimeric receptors have been developed and used for biological experiments. In the present study, we constructed three types of chimeric receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B (RANK) with the glutathione S‐transferase (GST) protein in the extracellular domain, and stimulated them using newly synthesized chemical trimerizers with three glutathiones. Although this stimulation did not activate these proteins, we unexpectedly found that the chimera named RANK‐GST‐SC, in which GST replaced a major part of the RANK extracellular domain, activated nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling approximately sixfold more strongly than wild‐type RANK without the ligand. The dimerization of extracellular GST is considered to function as a switch outside the cell, and signal transduction then occurs. GST has been widely employed as a tag for protein purification; GST‐fusion protein can be conveniently captured by glutathione‐conjugated beads and easily purified from impurity. The present study is a pioneering example of the novel utility of GST and provides information for the development of new chemical biology systems.
ComB: a flexible, application-oriented benchmark for edge computing

Edge computing is an attractive platform where applications, previously hosted in the cloud, shift parts of their workload on resources closer to the users. The field is still in its nascent stages with significant ongoing innovation in small form-factor hardware designed to operate at the edge. However, the increased hardware heterogeneity at the edge makes it difficult for application developers to determine if their workloads will operate as desired. Simultaneously, edge providers have to make expensive deployment choices for the "correct" hardware that will remain suitable for the near future. We present ComB, an application-oriented benchmarking suite for edge that assists early adopters in evaluating the suitability of an edge deployment. ComB is flexible, extensible, and incorporates a microservice-based video analytics pipeline as default workload to measure underlying hardware's compute and networking capabilities accurately. Our evaluation on a heterogeneous testbed shows that ComB enables both providers and developers to understand better the runtime capabilities of different hardware configurations for supporting operations of applications designed for the edge.