Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testicular Morphometry of Red Sokoto Bucks Fed Cotton Seed Cake

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of cotton seed cake inclusion on testicular morphometry of Red Sokoto bucks. Sixteen sexually matured Red Sokoto bucks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with four animals per treatment. Treatment compared were T1 = 0% cotton seed cake (CSC), T2 = 10% CSC, T 3 = 20% and T4 = 30% CSC respectively. The results of chemical composition show that the crude protein (CP) content was generally high in all the diets. The ash, ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and gross energy values (GE) were all highest in T3. The extra gonadal sperm reserve showed significant difference (p<0.05) in all the parameters observed except for left caput epididymides and right caudal epididymides. Testicular morphometry showed significant effect (p<0.05) in all the parameters observed. Results indicate that 10 and 20% levels of CSC inclusion do not have any
The fundamental challenge : human and organisational factors in an ERP implementation

Organisations encounter obstacles when implementing ERP systems. This paper intends to explore some of the problems that occur throughout the implementation of an ERP system. Using a combination of the work of Markus et al (2001) and Kim et al (2005), a framework is constructed of Human and Organisational and Technical problems in ERP Implementations during the project phase. Drawing on empirical evidences from a UK furniture manufacturer, this study then discusses and analyses each problem identified in the framework and its affect on the implementation of their ERP system. The findings of this paper reveal that the fundamental challenge of ERP implementation is not technology but organisational and human problems, which, if not properly comprehended and addressed, can lead to ERP failure. Understanding that organisational and human issues are extremely important will encourage practitioners to address these problems and succeed in their ERP system implementations.
File-type Detection Using Naïve Bayes and n-gram Analysis

If hard drives are destroyed either deliberately or by accident it can be challenging to reconstruct the lost data. In situations where file-extensions, -tables and -signatures are lost, the raw data may still be available and rebuilt into working files. However, one of the biggest hurdles in these scenarios is assigning file types to each block of data, so-called content based file type detection. Automating this process will significantly reduce the work needed for data reconstruction. This paper explores the use of the naive Bayes classifier combined with n-gram analysis of byte sequences in files to correctly identify the file type. It further examines both the use of various n-gram levels to increase the classification accuracy, and which fragment sizes are needed to achieve levels of accuracy. The proposed algorithm outperforms other related work. Most signifi- cantly, with our training data, the proposed solution is correctly assigning file types based only on file fragments of size 1024 with an accuracy of 98.3%.
Clinical evaluation of simultaneous integrated boost in brain metastasis patients with helical intensity modulated radiotherapy

Brain metastasis is (BM) a signi icant clinical problem in cancer management which occurs on 20 to 45% of all cancer patients (1-2). The primary cancer sites which BM mostly originate from are lung (40-50%) and breast cancer (20-30%) (3). 20-30% of patients with BM have more than 3 metastases, while 70-80% of patients have 1-3 BM (4). The median survival has been observed to be 4-7 months with various fractionation and dose regimens of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) (5-6). The treatment of brain metastases is dif icult because of the side effects caused by radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT). There is still no signi icant improvement on survival rates despite new treatment schedules (7). Median survival has been observed to be between 2-13 months in new BM treatment schedules (5-6). The primary treatment schedule employed for patients with multiple BM is WBRT either with or without steroids. Surgery and/or radiosurgery, either with or without WBRT was employed for patients with between 1 4 BM sites. With this local and distant brain failure was observed in a substantial number of patients. Two prospective phase III trials have shown a 1-year local and/or distant brain failure ABSTRACT
Current knowledge for the western blot normalization.

Western blot (WB) is a fundamental technique in cell and molecular biology, and cancer biology research, used to separate and identify cellular proteins. The techniques and procedures for WB have progressed over the last 30 years. However, there is still debate whether to perform protein normalization using housekeeping proteins or total protein normalization. Here, the key factors for WB normalization methods are summarized and potential areas for future research are presented.
Accuracy of velocities from repeated GPS measurements

Abstract. Today repeated GPS measurements are still in use, because we cannot always employ GPS permanent stations due to a variety of limitations. One area of study that uses velocities/deformation rates from repeated GPS measurements is the monitoring of crustal motion. This paper discusses the quality of the velocities derived using repeated GPS measurements for the aim of monitoring crustal motion. From a global network of International GNSS Service (IGS) stations, we processed GPS measurements repeated monthly and annually spanning nearly 15 years and estimated GPS velocities for GPS baseline components latitude, longitude and ellipsoidal height. We used web-based GIPSY for the processing. Assuming true deformation rates can only be determined from the solutions of 24 h observation sessions, we evaluated the accuracy of the deformation rates from 8 and 12 h sessions. We used statistical hypothesis testing to assess the velocities derived from short observation sessions. In addition, as an alternative control method we checked the accuracy of GPS solutions from short observation sessions against those of 24 h sessions referring to statistical criteria that measure the accuracy of regression models. Results indicate that the velocities of the vertical component are completely affected when repeated GPS measurements are used. The results also reveal that only about 30% of the 8 h solutions and about 40% of 12 h solutions for the horizontal coordinates are acceptable for velocity estimation. The situation is much worse for the vertical component in which none of the solutions from campaign measurements are acceptable for obtaining reliable deformation rates.
Engine Manifold Wave Action under Variable Stroke Length

A theoretical investigation on the pressure wave action of the manifolds of a four-stroke, direct injection (hereinafter referred to as DI), water-cooled, 4-stroke, diesel engine with variable stroke length was carried out. The study was conducted over wide range of speeds (1000 - 3000 RPM at an increment of 500 RPM) and stroke lengths (130 mm to 210 mm at an increment of 20mm). The compression ratio was kept constant by adjusting the piston bowl volume. The study showed that shorter stroke lengths created favorable pressure waves in both inlet and exhaust manifolds at lower speeds, which resulted in improved engine volumetric and thermal efficiencies. At higher speeds, the larger strokes were favorable, however, due to less time available for the suction and exhaust strokes to be executed, the efficiencies were low. Advancing valve timing was one factor that improved the engine performance with larger stroke lengths.
A Trend Analysis of Information Retrieval Models

: Information retrieval technologies behind web search engines in the field of computer science were bought up in the year of 1950s. It is a process of retrieving the relevant documents based on the queries raised by the user. It deals with the representation, storage and access of information items. In this system, the generated outputs are ranked according to their relevance. The information retrieval (IR) uses data models that make a retrieval process easier when compared to the traditional IR database model. In this work, we analyse the most popular information retrieval models such as boolean, vector space, probabilistic and latent semantic analysis and evaluate the performance of the models by using the underlying parameters like concept, representation, word occurrence, information type, output, pros and cons of the models. This study aims to determine the appropriate model for different situations and additionally describes the indexing methods for decrementing search space and different probing (searching) techniques to retrieve the information.
Emissions caused by manure composting.

Agriculture is responsible for approximately one third each of the total emissions of the climate-relevant trace gases nitrous oxide and methane in Germany and is virtually the only source of the environmentally relevant gas ammonia. The development of suitable reduction measures requires knowledge about the quantities emitted by the individual sources and the influence parameters. Emission data are also necessary for the evaluation of the environmental impact of farming methods. The fundamental processes that lead to the formation of trace gases have already been examined thoroughly. Nitrous oxide emissions from soils can be influenced by varying the intensity and the kind of nitrogen fertilizing [1]. In general, nitrous oxide emissions from animal husbandry are lower than emissions caused by fertilizers in crop production. Depending on the kind of husbandry, however, they may exert a considerable negative influence on the environmental balance of the farm [1-4]. Methane is produced by microorganisms during the anaerobic degradation of organic substances. Cattle husbandry is the main source of agricultural methane emissions in Germany. The largest percentage of methane emissions is caused by food digestion in the rumen. The emission rate depends on the animal type and food composition and ranges from between about 20 kg (heifers) and 125 kg (dairy cows) of methane per animal and per year [5]. Moreover, the microbial conversion of animal excrement is a source of methane. Animal excrement also causes the emission of ammonia as a result of enzymatic urea hydrolysis. The animal species and the kind of husbandry, as well as the storage and processing of the excrement, exert a significant influence on the formation rate of nitrous oxide, methane, and ammonia [6]. On ecological farms with littered husbandry, the aerobic conversion of organic substances is the preferred method for the production of healthy farm manure without protein rotting [7]. Precise nutrient balances for ecological farming require that, among other factors, emissions into the atmosphere during manure composting be established. In addition to Nand Cemissions, the intensity of methane emissions during the layer composting of manure had to be examined because layer composting allows the compost material to be ventilated sufficiently in order to avoid methane formation. However, excrement admixtures are expected to cause methane emissions, which may develop in anoxic zones of the excrement. Therefore, the environmentally relevant gaseous emissions (ammonia, nitrous oxide, and methane) caused by the composting of manure were measured and evaluated under practical conditions during six composting periods in 1998 and 1999.
Minor and Trace Elements in Whole Blood, Tissues, Proteins and Immunoglobulins of Mammals

Microelements play different important roles in many physiological processes in all biological systems in both normal physiological and pathological conditions. They take part in the transport of nutrients and gases, support temperature, acid-base balance, homeostasis of the human organisms, maternal and child mental health, the functioning of enzymes, protein and DNA syntheses, cytoskeleton activation, etc. We have performed simultaneous determination of a number of minor and trace elements in whole blood and tissues of mammals by two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry (TJP-AES). TJPAES allows direct analysis of powders without wet acid digestion and can be used for analysis of both large and small amount of the sample, which is important for biomedical investigations with humans and experimental animals. In addition, a content of different elements in preparations of human immunoglobulins was estimated by TJP-AES as well as using different physicochemical methods, the functional role of metal ions in antibodies functioning was analyzed. The analysis of the relative activity of antibodies with catalytic activity (abzymes) in the hydrolysis of DNA, RNA, proteins, peptides and oxidation-reduction reactions and the role of metal ions in the catalysis of these reactions by abzymes were carried out.
UV-visible spectra of peroxotitanate complexes

Comparative analysis of calculated (subject to solvent influence in PCM model) and experimental UV-visible spectra of peroxotitanate complexes in solutions at various conditions of occurrence. It has been shown that the change of complex composition, dependent on the solution pH value, leads to the change of characteristic absorption bands of UV-visible spectra in the wavelength range exceeding 320 nm. The tendency of the absorption bands in solution spectra to shift is correlated to the change of calculated spectra in accordance with the monomer complex unit. It has been suggested that the color of the complex solution in weakly acidic and neutral media is related to appearance of hydroperoxybonds between titanium atoms.
Falsification cueing in collective reasoning: Example of the Wason selection task

This paper focuses on the effectiveness of groups, as opposed to individuals, in benefiting from falsification cueing in solving the Wason selection task. Consistent with the idea that groups use information that often individuals fail to use, Experiment 1 showed that groups (but not individuals) that received falsification cueing focused more on cue-consistent evidence in their reasoning. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the increment in focus on cue-consistent evidence is moderated by the distribution of the falsification cue within a group. Finally, Experiment 3 demonstrated that the cue distribution affects collective focus on cue-consistent evidence through the content of the group discussion, namely through mentioning the cue during the discussion. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Climate Variability on Main Components of Cow Milk in Iran

The main purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between six bioclimatic indices for cattle (temperature humidity (THI), environmental stress (ESI), equivalent temperature (ESI), heat load (HLI), modified heat load (HLInew) and respiratory rate predictor(RRP)) and fundamental milk components (fat, protein, and milk yield) considering uncertainty. The climate parameters used to calculate the climate indices were taken from the NASA-Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (NASA-MERRA) reanalysis from 2002 to 2010. Cow milk data were considered for the same period from April to September when cows use natural pasture, with possibility for cows to choose to stay in the barn or to graze on the pasture in the pasturing system. The study is based on a linear regression analysis using correlations as a summarizing diagnostic. Bootstrapping is used to represent uncertainty estimation through resampling in the confidence intervals. To find the relationships between climate indices (THI, ETI, HLI, HLInew, ESI and RRP) and main components of cow milk (fat, protein and yield), multiple liner regression is applied. The least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) techniques are applied to select the best model for milk predictands with the smallest number of climate predictors. Cross validation is used to avoid over-fitting. Based on results of investigation the effect of heat stress indices on milk compounds separately, we suggest the use of ESI and RRP in the summer and ESI in the spring. THI and HLInew are suggested for fat content and HLInew also is suggested for protein content in the spring season. The best linear models are found in spring between milk yield as predictands and THI, ESI,HLI, ETI and RRP as predictors with p-value < 0.001 and R2 0.50, 0.49. In summer, milk yield with independent variables of THI, ETI and ESI show the highest relation (p-value < 0.001) with R2 (0.69). For fat and protein the results are only marginal. It is strongly suggested that new and significant indices are needed to control critical heat stress conditions that consider more predictors of the effect of climate variability on animal products, such as sunshine duration, quality of pasture, the number of days of stress (NDS), the color of skin with attention to large black spots, and categorical predictors such as breed, welfare facility, and management system. This methodology is suggested for studies investigating the impacts of climate variability/change on food quality/security, animal science and agriculture using short term data considering uncertainty or data collection is expensive, difficult, or data with gaps.
What Does a Term Structure Model Imply About Very Long-Term Interest Rates?

The purpose of the paper is to extrapolate the yield curve. Taking data from time series of observed yields up to 20 years, what are model implied yields for longer maturities? We use a standard Gaussian essentially ane model that we estimate by Bayesian methods. Our data consists of Euro swap rates from 2002 through 2013. We use an informative prior on the time series mean reversion of interest rates and on the cross sectional convergence of the yield curve. In the prior we further impose a zero lower bound on the unconditional mean of nominal interest rates. Convergence of the yield curve to a constant ultimate forward rate appears very slow, while the ultimate yield (or ultimate forward rate) itself cannot be esti- mated with any accuracy. An important eect in the extrapolation is convexity, which causes extrapolated yields to move substantially above the ultimate for- ward rate. We nd large dierences with alternative curve tting methods such as Smith-Wilson extrapolation and Nelson-Siegel calibration. Since our Bayesian procedure also estimates the uncertainty around the posterior mean estimate of the extrapolation, the alternatives are, however, mostly within our estimated credibility region.
Combining scheduling and concurrency control of real-time transactions within the MOA architecture

This paper presents a multi-class scheduling algorithm for real-time transactions that combine scheduling and concurrency control. It is integrated to MOA, a multi-class overload architecture. The architecture consists of a real-time control layer which provides sophisticated admission control, scheduling and overload management. The proposed algorithm, DBP-CC, allows service differentiation and takes into account resource availability when extracting a transaction. There is no need to execute a concurrency control algorithm afterwards. Simulation results show that DBP-CC can achieve a significant performance even in overload situations.
Study of Light Stimulated Photovoltaic cell as Targeted Drug Carrier for Cancer Treatment.

A b s t r a c t Advances in surgical techniques and scientific research, including the development of new cytotoxic drugs and hormonal therapies, have resulted in better treatment options for cancer patients. Despite such encouraging progress, systemic oral or intravenous administration can cause severe cytotoxicity, which limits the therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs. Recent discovery using solar cells for targeted drug delivery will pave the way for the development and introduction of innovative targeted therapies with improved efficacy. A photovoltaic cell holds opposite charges on its surfaces, serve as a new drug delivery system to carry cancer chemotherapeutic drugs or substances and release them when the charge intensity or polarity changes upon external photo stimulation or laser source. In this new strategy using photovoltaic device, a hypothesis is proposed to serve as a new drug delivery method. Positively charged Poly-L-Lysine and negatively charged Bovine Serum Albumin are attached the negative side and positive side of a solar cell respectively. Experimental data reveals that the PV cells significantly can release the charged molecules upon external photo stimulation, which suggests the PV has potential to be used as a new drug delivery system to carry cancer chemotherapeutic drugs.
Numerical modelling of coupled heat and water transport on embankment dam in Kozlowa Gora

The paper discusses the use of the thermo-hydraulic numerical model to verify the hypothesis of subsoil seepage and erosion development in a section of the Kozłówa Góra dam. This dam is provided with an innovative and advanced system for quasi-3D thermal monitoring of seepage and erosion, which was used for temperature measurements. The herein reported analysis of the measurements showed high applicability of the thermal monitoring method in determining the severity of erosion and seepage processes using numerical modelling.
Complementary regimes of solar and wind energy in Serbia

Solar and wind energy meteorological parameters are inherently characterized by an expressive annual variability. In Serbia, the maximum availability of wind energy typically occurs during winter while the solar energy peaks occur in summer. On the other hand, the energy consumer requirements are highest during winter. The natural potential of solar energy could cover, in theory all consumer demands even if the solar energy would be the only resource used, but it would necessitate building of capacities that in the period of minimum energy output would be sufficient to cover the maximum consumer demands. The solar and wind energy meteorological parameters are also inherently characterized by an expressive diurnal and day-to-day variance. The energy output with a smaller amplitude in the daily and annual patterns would be obtained by application of complementary regimes of solar and wind energy. The complementarity of solar and wind energy is especially pronounced in the Koshava-wind region of Serbia. The characteristic profiles of these two energy resources are presented in this study on the analytic level (broader scale), as well as on the application level at the referent measurement sites.
SCIENCE-AND-RELIGION/SPIRITUALITY/THEOLOGY DIALOGUE : WHAT FOR AND BY WHOM?

In recent years the science-and-religion/spirituality/theology dialogue has flourished, but the impact on the minds of the general public, on society as a whole, has been less impressive. Also, religious believers and outspoken atheists face each other without progressing toward a common understanding. The view taken here is that achieving a more marked impact of the dialogue would be beneficial for a peaceful survival of humanity. I aim to argue the why and how of that task by analyzing three possible purposes of the dialogue and their logical interdependence, suggest conceivable improvements of the quality and extent of the current efforts toward a negotiated action plan, and consider an enlargement of the circle of the actors involved. The dialogue that has been carried on between science and religion/spirituality/theology could be expanded and usefully applied to some major problems in the present world.