Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
İn vitro fertilizasyonla elde edilen koyun embriyolarının blastosist dönemine kadar geliştirilmesi

Ozet: Koyun oositlerinin in vitro olgunlaflt›r›lmas›, fertilizasyonu ve elde edilen embriyolar›n blastosist donemine kadar gelifltirilmesi hedeflenen bu cal›flmada, mezbahada kesilen K›v›rc›k ›rk› koyunlar›n ovaryumlar› kullan›lm›flt›r. Ovaryumlar 30-35 iC ›s›da PBS solusyonu icerisinde laboratuvara getirilmifl ve follikullerin ac›l›p, oosit y›kama medyumu ile y›kanmas›yla kumulus-oosit kompleksleri elde edilmifltir. Stereo mikroskop alt›nda secilen kumulus-oosit kompleksleri sodyum piruvat, follikul stimulan hormon (FSH), luteinizan hormon (LH) ve % 10 fotal buza¤› serumu (FCS) ilaveli medyum-199 icerisinde, 38.5 iC ›s› ve % 5 CO2’li ortamda 2324 saat olgunlaflt›r›lm›flt›r. Uc adet K›v›rc›k ›rk› koctan al›nan ve pooling yap›lan taze sperma, Percoll yontemi ile in vitro fertilizasyon amac›yla haz›rlanm›fl ve % 2 SES (ostrustaki koyun serumu) ilaveli BSOF medyumu icine al›nan oositlerin uzerine ilave edilerek (0.8x10 6 spermatozoon/ml) 20-21 saat inkube edilmifltir. Fertilize edilen oositler sentetik ovidukt medyumu (SOF) icerisine al›nm›fl ve % 5 CO2, % 5O2 ve % 90 N2’lu gaz kar›fl›m› bulunan ortamda 8. gune kadar kulture edilmifltir. Kulturdeki 4. gun oositlerin
A reference architecture for adaptive hypermedia applications

composite, 42 abstract concept, 42 accessor function, 17 Activation Graph (AG), 70 active rule, 61 adaptation description, 36 adaptation engine (AE), 57 adaptation goals, 21 adaptation model (AM), 50 adaptation rules, 50 adaptive hypermedia application, 60 additional explanations, 30 AHA, 127 AHAM, 40 AHAM-CA semantics, 78 AHAM-CA syntax, 72 AHS, 19 aid, 18 altering fragments, 31 AM-InterBook, 111 anchor, 18 anchoring, 16 atomic component, 18 atomic concepts, 42 avalue, 18
Fundamental aspects of spin polarized tunneling : magnetic tunnel junctions and spin filters

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Selective inhibition of signal transduction pathways in human CD4⁺ tlymphocytes

We utilized an in vitro T cell activation model to investigate the effect of blocking key signaling pathways downstream of TCR and CD28 molecules by using specific kinase inhibitors. Human peripheral CD4 T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 mAb (OKT3) and anti-CD28 mAb, inducing T cell proliferation with maximum IL-2 secretion at day 1 and maximum IL-2 receptor a chain (CD25) expression at day 3 of cell activation. MAP or ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126, p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Bisindolylmaleimide I and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3kinase) inhibitor LY294002 were added to cell cultures. These inhibitors did not induce cell apoptosis and they markedly reduced T cell proliferation as well as IL-2 production and CD25 expression. This inhibition was time and dose dependent and more profound than the effects of cyclosporine. The suppression of CD25 was largely independent of IL2. All four inhibitors markedly reduced the binding activity of N F A T and AP-1 for IL-2 gene transcription. Yet their influence on N F K B and STAT5 binding activity for CD25 gene transcription was variable. LY294002 markedly reduced N F K B binding activity, while U0126, SB203580 and LY294002 partially reduced STAT5 binding activity. The combination of the CD28 pathway inhibitor LY294002 with one of the TCR pathway inhibitors further reduced T cell proliferation. The dose relationship study showed that LY294002 worked as an antagonist to the TCR pathway inhibitor at the low end of the scale of inhibition and became more synergistic as T cell inhibition increased. Conclusions: Human CD4 T cells activated through the TCR and CD28 molecules
Cadmium exposure induces oxidative stress by decreasing expression of antioxidant enzymes in mice liver

Purpose: Heavy metals are known to generate oxidative stress which is the root cause for all health hazards. However the mechanism by which heavy metals generate oxidative stress is not yet fully understood. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal and its deleterious effect is due to oxidative damage to macromolecules. This study intended to elucidate the mechanism of its toxicity. Methodology: Swiss albino mice were administered cadmium for three weeks intraperitoneally. The total antioxidant status and MDA levels were measured. The enzyme activity of Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase was measured spectrophotometrically using kinetic methods. Their mRNA expression was analysed by real time PCR. Results: There was a significant decrease in total antioxidant levels and increase in lipid peroxidation in mice treated with cadmium in comparison to controls. Cadmium decreased both enzyme activity and gene expression of GST and Catalase. Conclusion: This study shows that cadmium generates oxidative stress by affecting the transcription of antioxidant genes, GST and Catalase.
The Stability of Predator‐Prey Systems

The interactions between a predator and prey species have been analyzed by computer simulation of a model in which there are discrete breeding seasons, separated by a winter during which the predator must be able to find prey at a certain minimum rate or starve. The model is intended to represent a warm-blooded vertebrate predator and its prey. The main conclusions are: (1) Coexistence of predator and prey is possible, but if so, the number of prey present will not be substantially below the equilibrium number in the absence of predators. Mutual regulation of predator and prey, with the latter substantially below the carrying capacity of the environment, is unstable. (2) Coexistence is more likely if there are differences in hunting ability between different individual predators-for example, between young and old predators. (3) Cover for the prey enables the prey species to survive the extinction of the predator, but does not make coexistence more likely.
Caffeine in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: A Review

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are inflammatory skin diseases. AD is characterized by immune dysregulation and barrier impairment, while psoriasis is by immune dysfunction and resultant keratinocyte hyper-proliferation. Caffeine has shown effective in ameliorating the symptoms of both diseases, but it is not conclusive through which pathways. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed discussion of available work on this topic, as well as known modes of action of caffeine that are relevant to these two conditions. After an extensive review of the literature, we found that both diseases have decreased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in cutaneous leukocytes, so it is very likely that being a methylxanthine, and hence a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, caffeine raises intracellular cAMP levels, which suppresses inflammatory pathways and potentiates anti-inflammatory ones. Moreover, caffeine is known to be an ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) kinase and an ATM (ATM- and Rad3-Related) kinase inhibitor, which promotes prompt apoptosis of damaged cells. It was also found to have anti-necrotic effects in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-damaged cells. These pro-apoptotic and anti-necrotic properties may also be reducing the inflammation. Finally, caffeine's metabolites have shown antioxidising effects against ROS, which certainly would reduce inflammation caused by lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and organelle destruction. We find that caffeine acts in a number of ways to improve symptoms of inflammation and that it is an effective adjunct to therapy in AD and psoriasis.
Variation in the salt-tolerance of 13 genotypes of hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] and its relationship with shoot Na+, K+, and Cl– ion concentrations

Summary Hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] is the type of turfgrass widely grown in tropical, sub-tropical, and warm temperate regions. Breeding salt-tolerant bermudagrass is important for turf irrigated with reclaimed or saline water, or established in saline soils. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the variation in salt-tolerance, in shoot Na+, K+, and Cl– ion concentrations, and their inter-relationships in 13 genotypes of hybrid bermudagrass. Inter-genotypic variation in salt-tolerance was based on the relative percentages of leaf firing (3.7 – 53.7%), the relative dry weights of shoot clipping (36.3 – 70.4%), and relative root dry weights (36.4 – 356.3%). Salt stress increased shoot Na+ and Cl– ion concentrations, and decreased K+ ion concentrations in all 13 genotypes. Saline-tolerance in hybrid bermudagrass genotypes was strongly correlated with shoot K+ ion concentrations under control and saline conditions, but was not significantly, or was only weakly correlated with shoot Na+ and Cl– ion concentrations and K+:Na+ ratios. High K+ ion concentrations in shoots, resulting from the selective transport of K+ ions vs. Na+ ions from the roots, is an important mechanism for salt-tolerance in hybrid bermudagrass. Shoot K+ ion concentrations under salt stress or control conditions therefore provide a useful index for the rapid evaluation of salt-tolerance in hybrid bermudagrass genotypes.
Interactional innovation: a neoschumpeterian model

Drawing on the models of entrepreneurial and monopolistic innovation formalised by J. Schumpeter, this article proposes a new model of innovation in the Schumpeterian tradition entitled the interactional innovation model. This micro-economic model, which reflects the role played on the macro-economic level by certain services in national innovation systems, links the following four elements: - the various components (phases or activities) of the innovation process in which the service provider may play a part; - the functions of the client firm that are the object of the innovation activity; - the extent to which the service provider and client are involved in innovation, i.e. the extent to which innovation is co-produced; - the cognitive forms of the service provider's role in the processing and production of knowledge. Thus the model highlights a certain number of configurations, among which the standard configuration (characterised by the absence of interaction and the mechanistic transfer of technology) is an extreme case.
Transcriptional repressor of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor mediates repression through interactions with TFIIB and TFIIEβ

The transcriptional repressor for rat vasoactive-intestinal-polypeptide receptor 1 (VIPR-RP) is a recently characterized transcription factor that belongs to a family of proteins, which include components of the DNA replication factor C complex. In this study, I investigated the mechanisms by which VIPR-RP represses transcription. I show here that transcriptional repression by VIPR-RP is mediated by a histone deacetylase-independent mechanism. I provide evidence that VIPR-RP makes direct physical contacts with two proteins of the basal transcription apparatus, the transcription factors TFIIB and TFIIEbeta. The interaction with TFIIB is mediated by the N-terminal 180 amino acids, whereas the interactive domain with TFIIEbeta is located between residues 367 and 527 of VIPR-RP. Using gel mobility-shift assays I demonstrated that interaction between VIPR-RP and TFIIB prevents the recruitment of TFIIB into a DNA-TATA-box-binding protein complex. My results indicate that VIPR-RP mediates transcriptional repression through direct interactions with the general transcription machinery.
Femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty (FSALK) versus microkeratome-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty (MALK) for the treatment of anterior corneal dystrophy.

Purpose: To compare the visual outcome of femtosecond laser-assisted anterior keratoplasty (FSALK) and microkeratome-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty (MALK) in anterior corneal dystrophy. Methods: retrospective comparative chart review of 7 eyes that underwent FSALK and 7 eyes that underwent MALK. The primary outcome was the visual outcome of both procedures. The secondary outcome was the recurrence of the corneal dystrophies.Results: Mean follow-up time was 30±14(7-51) months for the FSALK group and 127±28(80-127) months for the MALK group. In the FSALK group the preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) improved from 20/63 to 20/25 at 36 months. In the MALK group there was 1 eye with documented BSCVA over 36 months follow-up; it improved from 20/160 preoperatively to 20/32 at 36 months. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) at 36 months improved from 20/100 preoperatively to 20/63 in the FSALK group and from 20/200 preoperatively to 20/63 in the MALK group. Five eyes with Reis-Bucklers showed a clinical recurrence at a mean of 142±13(125-152) months. Two eyes with granular dystrophy showed a clinical recurrence at 23 and 80 months of follow-up. One eye in the MALK group had epithelial ingrowth. One eye in the FSALK group with compromised ocular surface due to 2 previous penetrating keratoplasty, suffered bacterial keratitis that ended up with corneal scarring. Conclusion: Both procedures improve visual outcome for anterior corneal dystrophy. FSALK has theoretical advantages over MALK; however, larger prospective studies are needed to prove this.
Sharing Italian Botanic Gardens’ living collections: The role of the National Biodiversity Network

Abstract This paper presents the role of the Italian National Biodiversity Network in making available biodiversity data from Italian Botanic Gardens at a national and international level. The case study of the Botanic Garden of Rome is presented explaining procedures and methods for collecting georeferenced data on living plant species and making them available through web-based applications.
Seismic Velocities Contain Information About Depth, Lithology, Fluid Content, and Microstructure

Recent advances in field and laboratory methods for measuring elastic wave velocities provide incentive and opportunity for improving interpretation of geophysical data for engineering and environmental applications. Advancing the state-of-the-art of seismic imaging requires developing petrophysical relationships between measured velocities and the hydrogeology parameters and lithology. Our approach uses laboratory data and rock physics methods. Compressional (Vp) and shear (Vs) wave velocities, Vp/Vs ratios, and relative wave amplitudes show systematic changes related to composition, saturation, applied stress (analogous to depth), and distribution of clay for laboratory ultrasonic measurements on soils. The artificial soils were mixtures of Ottawa sand and a second phase, either Wyoming bentonite or peat moss used to represent clay or organic components found in natural soils. Compressional and shear wave velocities were measured for dry, saturated, and partially-saturated conditions, for applied stresses between about 7 and 100 kPa, representing approximately the top 5 m of the subsurface. Analysis of the results using rock physics methods shows the link between microstructure and wave propagation, and implications for future advances in seismic data interpretation. For example, we found that Vp in dry sand-clay mixtures initially increases as clay cements the sand grains and fills porosity, but then Vp decreases when the clay content is high enough that the clay matrix controls the elastic response of the material. Vs decreases monotonically with increasing clay content. This provides a method for using Vp/Vs ratios to estimate clay content in a dry soil.
On Blockchain Commit Times: An analysis of how miners choose Bitcoin transactions

Blockchains suffer from a well-known, non-trivial scalability problem: The low throughput (i.e., transactions committed per unit time) of blockchains when paired with the increasingly high volume of issued transactions leads to significant delays in transaction commit times. In a month-long investigation of Bitcoin, we reveal that congestion (i.e., when there exist more transactions than can be included in a block) is typical and that commit times exhibit a significant variance during periods of congestion. Although the fee-per-byte dequeuing policy is widely considered the “norm” for prioritizing transactions—and explaining how and when transactions are committed—we show that miners somehow delay a significant fraction of transactions. Such deviations undermine the utility of blockchains for ensuring a “fair” ordering that might be required for some applications.
Systemic Overview of Microstrip Patch Antenna’s for Different Biomedical Applications

Timely diagnosis is the most important parameter for the detection and hindrance with tissues (infected). Many conventional techniques are used for the determination of the chronic disease like MRI, X-ray, mammography, ultrasound and other diagnosing methods. Nevertheless, they have some limitations. We epitomize between 4 and 34 % of all carcinogenic tissues are lacking because of weak, in adequate malignant/benign cancer tissue on the contrary. So, an effective alternative method is the valid concern in the field of medical right now. Imaging with the help of patch antenna to detect chronic disease like breast cancer, oxidative stress syndrome etc. it has been proved to be a suitable potential method, and there are many works in this area. All materials have different conductivity and permittivity. With the help of these antennas, a 3D tissue structure which has different conductivity and permittivity is modelled in high-frequency structure simulator through finite element method which resolves electromagnetic field values and a microstrip patch antenna operation process. As compared with conventional antennas, micro strip patch antennas have enhanced benefits and better prospects. An integrated Antenna plays an important or crucial role for supporting many applications in biomedical, commercial and in military fields. The Antenna designed for these applications should be wideband, not sensitive to the human body. In this present review, the precise application of the Antenna in different biomedical aspects is considered. Furthermore, the author has also discussed the analytical results using simulation models and experimental results for some of the significantdisease.
Evaluating Scales by using Slotted Correlation in Cylinder flow

The slotted correlation method for the post-processing of laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) data is applied to obtain the autocorrelation and turbulent scales at the in-cylinder flow of an IC engine. The slotted correlation method can provide correlation of turbulence from random time sampling data like as LDA measurement. The experiment is performed in the steady cylinder flow through the cylinder head. The cylinder head is designed for an SI engine with two intake valves and two exhaust valves. The transparent cylinder was made by acrylic with bore of 75 mm and length of 100 mm. The experiments are made by means of sucking the air from the bottom of the cylinder by the blower. The experiments are conducted by singleor dualvalve open conditions with 8 mm valve lift under -1470Pa suction gauge pressure in order to simulate the air flow motion through the intake ports in the actual operating condition. In these conditions, mean velocities at the cross section are about 7.0m/s for dual-valve open condition, and about 4.0m/s for single-valve open condition. The LDA consists on a fiber sending optics, a photomultiplier and a burst spectrum analyzer (BSA). From the results, comparison between conventional FFT and slotted correlation method shows a little difference in the turbulent scales. The FFT results show the tendency of overestimation compared with the slotted correlation results. This tendency becomes remarkable when the LDA data rate is low. The time scale of turbulence by FFT is gradually decreased with data rate. The slotted correlation results provide stable value of the turbulent scales along the data rate except for very low data rate region. Using the time scale by the slotted correlation, the applicable range of the Taylor’s hypothesis becomes wider than that of FFT. For analysis of the cyclic flow, a combination method of FFT and slotted correlation methods is also proposed. In the method, the FFT method is applied for dividing flow motion into mean/bulk flow motion which includes the cyclic flow and turbulence fluctuation. The proposed method is useful for calculating the time scale.
An F-Strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum Inoculation at Twelve Weeks of Age Does Not Modify the Effects of Fasting During Lay on the Blood Characteristics of Commercial Egg Laying Hens

The interactive effects of an F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) inoculation at 12 wk of age with those of a 24 h fast during lay on the BW, mortality, egg production and blood characteristics of commercial egg laying hens at 34 and 46 wk of age were investigated. Blood parameters measured were whole blood hematocrit; plasma protein concentration (PP); serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and calcium concentrations; and percentage serum cholesterol recovered in very low, low and high density lipoprotein fractions. There were no interactive effects involving FMG inoculation and fasting (inoculation x fasting or age x inoculation x fasting) on any of the parameters investigated. These results suggest that a pre-lay (12 wk of age) FMG inoculation does not influence the effects of a 24 h fast during lay (34 and 46 wk of age) on the performance and blood characteristics of commercial layers.
Threading is Sticky

The Guardian ---the fifth most widely read online newspaper in the world as of 2014---changed conversations on its commenting platform by altering its design from non-threaded to single-level threaded in 2012. We studied this naturally occurring experiment to investigate the impact of conversation threading on user retention as mediated by several potential changes in conversation structure and style. Our analysis shows that the design change made new users significantly more likely to comment a second time, and that this increased stickiness is due in part to a higher fraction of comments receiving responses after the design change. In mediation analysis, other anticipated mechanisms such as reciprocal exchanges and comment civility did not help to explain users' decision to return to the commenting system; indeed, civility did not increase after the design change and reciprocity declined. These analyses show that even simple design choices can have a significant impact on news forums' stickiness. Further, they suggest that this influence is more powerfully shaped by affordances---the new system made responding easier---than by changes in users' attention to social norms of reciprocity or civility. This has an array of implications for designers.