Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD, TEMPERATURE, AND FOOD ON INITIATION OF DIAPAUSE IN THE APPLE MAGGOT

Abstract The initiation of the pupal diapause of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), was found to be regulated by photoperiod and temperature. The stages of R. pomonella sensitive to these two regulatory factors were demonstrated to be the larva in the case of photoperiod and the larva and pupa in the case of temperature. Measurements with a highly sensitive photocell revealed that enough light passes through the skin and pulp of an apple to permit the response of the larvae to photoperiod to be direct. Diapause initiation was found to be independent of the effect of photoperiod or temperature on the adults and eggs and independent of the amount or type of larval food (apple or artificial). Where larvae and pupae were reared at 28°C and a photoperiod of 17 or 19 hours of light per 24-hour day, 1% of the pupae completed development in 23 days, 50% in 28 days, 75% in 30 days, and 100% in 64 days. These were the only regimes tested at which there was 100% non-diapause development, a finding which is directly applicable to continuous laboratory rearing of the apple maggot. Irrespective of temperature, diapause was induced in more than 50% of the pupae at a larval photoperiod of 11 hours. Even where larval photoperiod was favorable for 100% non-diapause development (17 or 19 hr), diapause was induced in more than 25% of the pupae if larval and pupal development occurred at 23°C and in a larger percentage if larval and pupal development occurred at 19°C. These findings are helpful in elucidating those conditions in nature under which a second generation of R. pomonella occurs.
Monitoring the Restoration of a Seventeenth-Century Wooden Artwork Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Digital Image Analysis

The present paper is aimed at demonstrating the capabilities of digital image analysis (DIA) to support conservation of painted artwork. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging has been usually used in the diagnosis of wall paintings. In this case, LIF is applied to the case study of a painted wooden canopy, and most successful data processing techniques are presented in the discussion of results. The Jesús del Gran Poder canopy, completed by Francisco Ruiz Gijón in 1692, is an oil panel painting on wood. Eight panels of the canopy have been study by LIF. This technique is capable of remotely acquiring hyperspectral images operating in fluorescence mode following ultraviolet laser excitation. LIF spectra combined with principal component analysis, spectral angle mapper, and DIA provide a chemical mapping of the treated wooden surface of the panels. Besides, LIF spectrum is as a fingerprint of the panels that allows stablishing differences between them. LIF imaging analysis has proven to be a very useful tool for mapping retouching work, tracking previous restorations, and detecting chemicals on the wood in order to monitor restorations.
Conserved Non-Coding Element Derived Regulation of the Meis2.2 Homeobox Gene During Embryonic Development

The homeobox-containing Meis gene family includes at least four members that are expressed in spatially and temporally conserved fashion throughout development in all vertebrates examined thus far. Products of the Meis genes function as cofactors, interacting with other transcription factors and DNA to assist in the regulation of transcription. Most importantly, they appear to work with the Hox proteins as well as other homeobox genes’ products including Pbx proteins. At this time, little is known about the regulation of the Meis genes. Using phylogenetic footprinting to search for regulatory elements in association with the Meis family of homeobox-containing genes, we identified a highly conserved element located downstream of the Meis2 gene that we have called Meis2 Downstream Element 1 (m2de1). This putative enhancer is conserved in sequence and position across the genomes of all vertebrates examined. Furthermore, the m2de1 element contains several putative transcription factor binding sites. In this study, we have demonstrated the ability of m2de1 to drive reporter gene expression through microinjection derived transgenic analysis. Reporter gene expression was observed in the developing brain of zebrafish embryos in a manner consistent with endogenous Meis2 expression, potentially implicating the m2de1 element with cis-regulatory function.
Identifying Perceptual, Motor, and Cognitive Components Contributing to Slowness of Information Processing in Multiple Sclerosis with and without Depressive Symptoms

Abstract Increasing findings suggest that different components of the stimulus-response pathway (perceptual, motor or cognitive) may account for slowed performance in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It has also been reported that depressive symptoms (DS) exacerbate slowness in MS. However, no prior studies have explored the independent and joint impact of MS and DS on each of these components in a comprehensive manner. The objective of this work was to identify perceptual, motor, and cognitive components contributing to slowness in MS patients with and without DS. The study includes 33 Relapsing-Remitting MS patients with DS, 33 without DS, and 26 healthy controls. Five information processing components were isolated by means of ANCOVA analyses applied to five Reaction Time tasks. Perceptual, motor, and visual search components were slowed down in MS, as revealed by ANCOVA comparisons between patients without DS, and controls. Moreover, the compounding effect of MS and DS exacerbated deficits in the motor component, and slowed down the decisional component, as revealed by ANCOVA comparisons between patients with and without DS. DS seem to exacerbate slowness caused by MS in specific processing components. Identifying the effects of having MS and of having both MS and DS may have relevant implications when targeting cognitive and mood interventions.
Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae for Controlling Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Maize

Maize (variety Katumani) was planted in a greenhouse and plants were infested with 20 Chilo partellus second instar larvae 3 and 4 weeks after plant emergence. One isolate of Beauveria bassiana (BB-01) and four isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61 and EE-01) were sprayed onto the leaf whorl at 2×108 conidia/mL 24 h after infestation. Leaf damage by the larvae was greatly reduced by the treatments. The mean daily temperature and relative humidity in the greenhouse ranged from 10 to 35°C and 30 to 90%, respectively. The growth of infested unsprayed plants was less than that of fungi treated plants. Stem tunneling (1-5%), deadheart (0-33%), number of attacked nodes (0.3-2.5) and holes (0.2-3.3) were also reduced in plants sprayed with conidial suspensions. Isolates PPRC-4, PPRC-19 and PPRC-61 seemed to be the best candidates for further development.
Kirigami‐Inspired Inflatables with Programmable Shapes

Kirigami, the Japanese art of paper cutting, has recently enabled the design of stretchable mechanical metamaterials that can be easily realized by embedding arrays of periodic cuts into an elastic sheet. Here, kirigami principles are exploited to design inflatables that can mimic target shapes upon pressurization. The system comprises a kirigami sheet embedded into an unstructured elastomeric membrane. First, it is shown that the inflated shape can be controlled by tuning the geometric parameters of the kirigami pattern. Then, by applying a simple optimization algorithm, the best parameters that enable the kirigami inflatables to transform into a family of target shapes at a given pressure are identified. Furthermore, thanks to the tessellated nature of the kirigami, it is shown that we can selectively manipulate the parameters of the single units to allow the reproduction of features at different scales and ultimately enable a more accurate mimicking of the target.
Lysis of cold‐storage‐induced microvascular obstructions for ex vivo revitalization of marginal human kidneys

Thousands of kidneys from higher‐risk donors are discarded annually because of the increased likelihood of complications posttransplant. Given the severe organ shortage, there is a critical need to improve utilization of these organs. To this end, normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has emerged as a platform for ex vivo assessment and potential repair of marginal organs. In a recent study of 8 transplant‐declined human kidneys on NMP, we discovered microvascular obstructions that impaired microvascular blood flow. However, the nature and physiologic impact of these lesions were unknown. Here, in a study of 39 human kidneys, we have identified that prolonged cold storage of human kidneys induces accumulation of fibrinogen within tubular epithelium. Restoration of normoxic conditions—either ex vivo during NMP or in vivo following transplant—triggered intravascular release of fibrinogen correlating with red blood cell aggregation and microvascular plugging. Combined delivery of plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator during NMP lysed the plugs leading to a significant reduction in markers of renal injury, improvement in indicators of renal function, and improved delivery of vascular‐targeted nanoparticles. Our study suggests a new mechanism of cold storage injury in marginal organs and provides a simple treatment with immediate translational potential.
For Valence

In a provocative and important article, Robert Solomon argues that emotion researchers should abandon the notion of valence: it is used many different ways, and no single construct captures the pretheoretical distinction between positive and negative emotions. I echo Solomon in arguing that some of the most popular theories of valence are unlikely to succeed, though my case against these constructs comes from a noncognitive, as opposed to cognitive, perspective. I then argue that there is one notion of valence, related to reward and punishment, that may apply to all emotions, and align with pretheoretical taxonomies.
Synthesis of hydantoin and thiohydantoin related compounds from benzil and study of their cytotoxicity

Condensation of benzil (1) with urea, monophenyl urea and diphenyl urea in the presence of absolute ethanol using 30% aqueous NaOH gave the products 1a, 1b and 1c respectively and also with thiourea, monomethyl thiourea, dimethyl thiourea and diethyl thiourea the products 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d were obtained. Methylation of the product, 2a in the presence of dimethyl formamide (DMF) using K2CO3 formed 2. The compounds 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c and 2 showed highly cytotoxic activity and the compounds 1a, 2a, 2d showed relatively low cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp lethality bioassay.
CANNIBALISTIC INFANTICIDE IN SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA RELATED TO ADULT CASTE RATIOS

Abstract A review of the literature published during the past 80 years concerning caste differentiation and caste ratios in the social Hymenoptera reveals considerable evidence that caste is determined trophogenically in the embryo (alimentary castration) rather than in the larval instars and that the caste ratios of the embryonic populations in well-established colonies are soon modified by worker action, i.e. selective cannibalization of queen-biased eggs and young larvae, in order to establish the caste ratios of the adult population that are essential to the economy of the colony.
Development of Immunomagnetic Capture (IMC) Based Techniques For the Detection of Salmonella in Poultry Carcass Rinse Fluid

Current detection methods require at least one 24-48 hour enrichment step for the detection of Salmonella. This poses a problem because product often needs to be shipped before microbial contamination levels can be adequately ascertained. Therefore, the need for more rapid methods of Salmonella detection becomes apparent. The purpose of this thesis was to determine if an immunologically-based method, Immunomagnetic Capture(IMC) -ELISA and molecular-based detection methods, PCR and Taqman PCR employing IMC without enrichment, could detect at least 10 cfu/ml of S. Typhimurium in broiler carcass rinse fluid (CRF) samples. IMC-ELISA, IMC-PCR, and IMC-Taqman PCR were initially tested using 0 to 10 cfu/ml of pure culture S. Typhimurium. Each detection method was tested using artificially contaminated CRF samples. Finally, standardized IMC-ELISA, IMC-PCR, and IMC-Taqman PCR methods were tested using commercial CRF samples. Salmonella concentrations were verified using a traditional plate method. IMC-ELISA produced consistent results when detecting at least 10 to 10 cfu/mL of pure culture S. Typhimurium. IMC-ELISA was not able to produce repeatable results when testing artificially contaminated CRF samples. S. Typhimurium was not detected in commercial CRF samples which by virtue of direct plating on XLT-4 were found to contain essentially no Salmonella (<1 cfu/ml). IMC-PCR was able to consistently detect 10 cfu/ml, whereas IMC-Taqman PCR was able to detect 10 cfu/ml of pure culture S. Typhimurium. IMC-PCR, required four hours to
Forecasting the outcomes of sports events: A review

Abstract In the scientific community a large literature on sports forecasting exists, covering a wide range of different sports, methods and research questions. At the same time a lack of general literature such as reviews or meta-analyses on aspects of sports forecasting can be attested, partly attributable to characteristics of forecasting in sports that make it difficult to present through systematic approaches. The present study contributes to filling this gap by providing a narrative review about forecasting related to the outcomes of sports events. An overview about relevant topics in forecasting the outcomes of sports events is presented, a basic methodology is discussed and a categorization of methods is introduced. Having a specific focus on forecasting from ratings, we shed light on the difference between systematic and unsystematic effects influencing the outcomes of sports events. Finally an outlook on the expected impact of the increasing amount and complexity of available data on future sports forecasting research is presented. The present review can serve as a valuable starting point for researchers aiming at the investigation of sports-related forecasts, both helping to find appropriate methods and classify their work in the context of the state of research.
In depth analysis of the in vivo toxicity of nanoparticles of porous iron(III) metal–organic frameworks

In vivo acute toxicity of high doses of nanoparticles of three different porous iron(III) carboxylate Metal–Organic Frameworks (nanoMOFs) was intravenously investigated in rats by evaluating their distribution, metabolism and excretion. All studied parameters (serum, enzymatic, histological, etc.) are in agreement with a low acute toxicity. The mechanism of degradation and excretion of the nanoMOFs has been evidenced and shows that the nanoparticles are rapidly sequestered by the liver and spleen, then further biodegraded and directly eliminated in urine or feces without metabolization and substantial toxicity.
Hope

This work proposes an analysis of the cognitive and motivational components of hope, its basic properties, and the affective dispositions and behaviors it is likely to induce. In our view current treatments of hope do not fully account for its specificity, by making hope overlap with positive expectation or some specification of positive expectation. In contrast, we attempt to highlight the distinctive features of hope, pointing to its differences from positive expectation, as well as from a sense of successful agency, optimism, trust, and faith. Fear and anxiety are also addressed, and the latter is analyzed as a state of mind implying both fear and hope. Finally, the relationship between hope and motivation is explored, and “active” hope is compared with “passive” hope. Some concluding remarks summarize the results of our analysis, and stress the role of hope in fostering the individual’s well-being.
Towards multi‐modal data fusion for super‐resolution and denoising of 4D‐Flow MRI

4D‐Flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled in vivo time‐resolved measurement of three‐dimensional blood flow velocities in the human vascular system. However, its clinical use has been hampered by two main issues, namely, low spatio‐temporal resolution and acquisition noise. While patient‐specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can address the resolution and noise issues, its fidelity is impacted by accuracy of estimation of boundary conditions, model parameters, vascular geometry, and flow model assumptions. In this paper a scheme to address limitations of both modalities through data‐fusion is presented. The solutions of the patient‐specific CFD simulation are characterized using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Next, a process of projecting the 4D‐Flow MRI data onto the POD basis and projection coefficient mapping using generalized dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) enables simultaneous super‐resolution and denoising of 4D‐Flow MRI. The method has been tested using numerical phantoms derived from patient‐specific aneurysmal geometries and applied to in vivo 4D‐Flow MRI data.
Exploration of Bacillus thuringiensis ä-Endotoxin Derived from Bacterial Isolates in Jabodetabek Region

Bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known species of bacteria producing parasporal crystalline proteins that are toxic to many insect pests, it also has strong cytocidal activity against human cancer cells. In this work we endeavoured to explore the city of Jakarta and its neighbouring regencies to obtain new strains to profile its potency. The soil samples were boiled and plated on T-3 agar; the colonies which appeared were then examined under the light microscope to check for crystalline proteins. The proteins were treated with 1% SDS-0.01% b-mercaptoethanol and visualized by SDS-PAGE to determine their molecular size. From 52 soil samples, 1248 putative colonies were obtained. After microscopic examination, 57 isolates showed the existence of crystalliferous protein, of those 30 indicated many sizes of a-endotoxin protein from approximatively 150 kDa to the smallest 35 kDa. Most of proteins examined probably showed insecticidal activity and four of those were predicted to possess cytocidal activity against human cancer cells. The geographic condition did not appear to influence the distribution of different types of aendotoxin.
Purificationand PartialCharacterizationof NucleolarAntigen-I of the NovikoffHepatoma'

A nucleolarchromatinantigen(NoAg-1)found in Novikoff hepatoma but not in normal liver has been purified to homogeneityas shownby two-dimensionalgel electropho resis.initial purification of NoAg-1waspartiallyachievedby isolation of nucleolar chromatin and fractionation of its proteinsby successiveextractionwith solutionsof increas ing salt concentration. Further purification of this antigen was achievedby affinity and hydroxylapatitechromatogra phy. Although approximately50% of the NoAg-1antigen was in the 0.6 M NaCiextract of Novikoff nucleoli, it was less pure than in the 2 M NaCI:5 M urea extract which contained25%of the NoAg-1at a purity of 40%. The highly purified NoAg-1 had an approximate molecular weight of 60,000 and p1 of 5.1 ; the yield of NoAg-1 was 0.22% of the total nucleolarproteins.
Long noncoding RNA OSER1-AS1 promotes the malignant properties of non-small cell lung cancer by sponging microRNA-433-3p and thereby increasing Smad2 expression

OSER1 antisense RNA 1 (OSER1-AS1), a long noncoding RNA, has been well studied in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its expression status, specific functions, and tumorigenic mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain uninvestigated. Hence, this study aimed to assess OSER1-AS1 expression, test the malignancy-related biological functions of OSER1-AS1, and illustrate how they affect NSCLC progression. OSER1-AS1 expression in NSCLC was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, cell migration and invasion assay, and tumor xenograft assay were performed to analyze the effects of OSER1-AS1 on the malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells. Bioinformatics prediction with luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the interaction between OSER1-AS1 and microRNA-433-3p (miR-433-3p). OSER1-AS1 was strongly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Enhanced OSER1-AS1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis in patients with NSCLC. Patients with NSCLC exhibiting high OSER1-AS1 expression had shorter overall survival than those exhibiting low OSER1-AS1 expression. Functionally, a reduction in OSER1-AS1 expression led to significant decreases in NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as an increase in cell apoptosis in vivo. OSER1-AS1 knockdown suppressed the tumorigenic ability of NSCLC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, OSER1-AS1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in NSCLC cells by sponging miR-433-3p and thereby increasing the expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2). Finally, restoration experiments revealed that the suppression of miR-433-3p and restoration of Smad2 both counteracted the suppressive effects of OSER1-AS1 depletion in NSCLC cells. Our findings illustrate the biological importance of the OSER1-AS1/miR-433-3p/Smad2 pathway in NSCLC progression and offer a novel perspective regarding the identification of effective therapeutic and diagnostic targets.
Regulation of Protein Kinase Dbf2 in Mitotic Exit

Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) direct cell cycle transitions by associating with various cyclins throughout the cell cycle. For cells to exit mitosis, mitotic Cdk activity must be turned off. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mitotic exit network, or MEN, comprises of a group of proteins that form a signaling pathway required for mitotic exit. The MEN regulates the activity of Cdc14, the protein phosphatase critical for inactivating mitotic Cdk. Components of the MEN include the protein kinases Cdc15 and Dbf2, as well as the Dbf2-associated protein Mob1. We determined how these proteins are organized within the MEN by determining the molecular mechanism of Dbf2 activation. Dbf2 requires Mob1 association in order to be active and Cdc15 phosphorylates and thereby activates the Dbf2-Mob1 protein kinase complex. We also determined that the conserved phosphorylation sites of the NDR protein kinase family are required for Dbf2 kinase activity in vitro as well as for DBF2 function in vivo. It is unknown how Dbf2-Mob1 leads to Cdc14 release or how the protein kinase complex functions in cytokinesis. As a result, we sought to identify physiological substrates of Dbf2-Mob1 which would provide insight to Dbf2-Mob1 function in both of these significant cell cycle processes. There is no known physiological substrate for Dbf2-Mob1 we first identified RXXS as the motif that Dbf2-Mob1 preferentially phosphorylates. We then identified a number of in vitro substrates for Dbf2-Mob1, of which the majority contains the RXXS motif. The mechanism of Dbf2 activity has been shown to be conserved in a number of other NDR kinase family members, which have roles in morphogenesis and cell division, and have been implicated in tumorigenesis. Studies on Dbf2 will provide insight into cell cycle processes in budding yeast as well as in higher eukaryotes.