Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of HPRT1 is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1), as a salvage pathway enzyme, plays a crucial role in modulating the cell cycle and has been reported to be overexpressed in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the relationship between the HPRT1 gene and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) has not been investigated so far. In this study, we first evaluated the expression and clinical value of HPRT1 mRNA and protein in tumor and healthy control tissues. Then, we examined mutations of the HPRT1 gene and their association with survival outcomes of patients with HNSCC. We also performed functional analyses of HPRT1 coexpressed genes and examined the association between HPRT1 expression and drug sensitivity. Both HPRT1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in HNSCC compared with normal tissues, and up‐regulation of HPRT1 was also correlated with age, sex, pathological stage and histological grades of patients with HNSCC. Moreover, HPRT1 and its associated genes were observed to be enriched for several cancer‐related pathways, including DNA replication and cell cycle. Finally, patients exhibiting overexpression of the HPRT1 gene may be resistant to abiraterone and sensitive to several drugs, including tozasertib and teniposide. This study demonstrated that the elevated expression of HPRT1 gene is correlated with the progression of HNSCC; thus, this gene may serve as a useful indicator for the early detection, risk stratification and targeted therapy of patients with HNSCC.
Major dietary patterns and food groups in relation to rheumatoid arthritis in newly diagnosed patients

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that dietary patterns might act as environmental triggers in the development of chronic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, data regarding the relationship between food patterns and RA are still limited and conflicting. In the current study, the authors aim to evaluate a link between major dietary patterns and RA in new case patients. Methods This study was conducted in a case–control manner on 50 patients with newly diagnosed RA and 100 healthy individuals living in Mashhad, Iran. The individuals’ dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The major dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis based on data from FFQ. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to measure the associations between patterns and RA. Results Three major dietary patterns were identified. High‐level adherence to Western pattern had a positive association with RA (multivariable‐adjusted OR tertile 3 vs. 1:1.95; 95% CI: 1.09–3.92; p‐trend: .046), while the healthy pattern was inversely related to RA (multivariable‐adjusted OR tertile 3 vs. 1:0.12; 95% CI: 0.03–0.44; p‐trend: .001). No significant association was observed between the traditional pattern and RA. Conclusions Our findings revealed that people with dietary behaviors close to the Western dietary pattern are more likely to develop the disease. However, adhering to healthy and well‐balanced dietary patterns rich in whole grains, low‐fat dairies, white meats, eggs, fruits, vegetables, tea, and vegetable oils was found to be inversely correlated with the risk of RA.
MODELS AND EQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES OF STIFF MOLECULAR CHAINS

The partition functions of discrete as well as continuous stiff molecular chains are calculated using the maximum entropy principle. The chain is described by mass points, and their connectivity is taken into account by harmonic constraints (flexible segments) in addition to the bending restrictions. For comparison and as a test of the formalism the freely rotating chain as well as the Kratky–Porod wormlike chain (rigid segments) are reexamined treating the bending restrictions as constraints. It is shown that the second moments for the chain of flexible segments agree exactly with those known from the freely rotating chain for the discrete as well as the continuous chain and for all stiffnesses. Moreover, the Green’s function for the continuous chain is determined, which allows to obtain any desired two point distribution function. The influence of various bending restrictions on equilibrium properties is discussed. Furthermore, a comparison to other existing models, especially the Harris and Hearst mode.
Increased Circulating Th1 and Tfh1 Cell Numbers Are Associated with Disease Activity in Glucocorticoid-Treated Patients with IgG4-Related Disease

Background This study is aimed at exploring the changes and significance of circulating Th and Tfh cell subsets in glucocorticoid-treated IgG4-RD patients. Methods 39 glucocorticoid-treated IgG4-RD patients and 22 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated, and circulating Th and Tfh cell subsets were examined by flow cytometry according to the surface and intranuclear markers. Disease activity was accessed by the IgG4-RD responder index (RI) score. Correlation analyses were conducted between Th/Tfh subset numbers and clinical indicators. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of Th and Tfh subsets to distinguish active IgG4-RD patients from remission IgG4-RD patients. Results Circulating Th1, Th17, Tfh1, and Tfh17 cells were significantly increased in active IgG4-RD patients compared with HC. Th1 and Tfh1 numbers were positively correlated with serum IgG4 levels in patients with IgG4-RD. Meanwhile, the absolute numbers of circulating Th1 and Tfh1 cells were positively correlated with IgG4-RD RI scores. The areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.8276 for Th1 and 0.7310 for Tfh1, 0.5862 for Tfh2, and 0.6810 for Tfh17. Conclusion Increased circulating Th1 and Tfh1 subsets are related to elevated serum IgG4 levels in active IgG4-RD patients during glucocorticoid treatment, which may play an important role in the course of IgG4-RD disease, and could be potential biomarkers for monitoring disease activity of IgG4-RD.
Study on Network Pharmacological Analysis and Preliminary Validation to Understand the Mechanisms of Plantaginis Semen in Treatment of Gouty Nephropathy

Plantaginis Semen (PS) has been used to promote diuresis and clear away dampness. Recent reports have shown that PS can be used to treat gouty nephropathy (GN). However, the action and mechanism of PS have not been well defined in treating GN. The present study aimed to define the molecular mechanisms of PS as a potential therapeutic approach to treat GN. A combination of network pharmacology and validation experiments in GN is used to understand the potential mechanism. Information on pharmaceutically active compounds in PS and gene information related to GN was obtained from public databases. The compound target network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed to study the mechanism of action of PS in the treatment of GN. The mechanism of action of PS in the treatment of GN was analyzed via Gene Ontology (GO) biological process annotation and Kyoto Gene and Genomics Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Validation experiments were performed to verify the core targets. The GN rat model was prepared by the method of combining yeast and adenine. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphology of renal tissue in rats. ELISA was applied to detect TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in renal tissue. The expressions of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β were determined using immunohistochemistry. Through the results of network pharmacology, we obtained 9 active components, 118 predicted targets, and 149 GN targets from the public database. Based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI), 26 hub genes for interaction with PS treating for GN were screened, including MMP9, TNF, IL1β, and IL6. The enrichment analysis results showed that the treatment of GN with PS was mainly involved in the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and PI3K Akt signaling pathway. Validation experiment results showed that PS could reduce the content of urinary protein and UA and deregulate the expression of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the treatment of GN. The molecular mechanism of PS in the treatment of GN indicated the synergistic features of multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway of traditional Chinese medicine, which provided an essential scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism of PS in the treatment of GN.
The Prebiotic-Like Effects of Coprinus comatus Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota in Normal Mice and Those with Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury: A Comparative Study

This study aims to investigate the prebiotic-like effects of Coprinus comatus polysaccharides (CCP) on gut microbiota. Mice were divided into four groups: normal group (NG), alcohol group (AG), polysaccharides group (PG), and alcohol + polysaccharides group (APG). The gut microbiota structure of feces was analyzed by determining the V3-V4 region sequence in 16S rDNA. The results showed CCP could increase the diversity of gut microbiota. Compared with NG, PG had a significantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillaceae and a lower abundance of Rikenellaceae. These changes in gut microbiota result in positive effects on gut due to a series of prebiotic-like effects of CCP. At the same time, CCP could improve some adverse changes in gut microbiota caused by acute alcohol intake, such as the increased proportion of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Muribaculaceae, and Lachnospiraceae and the decreased proportion of Rikenellaceae. In conclusion, the CCP has certain prebiotic effects not only on normal mice but also on mice with acute alcoholic liver injury.
Genetic Mapping of a Resistance Locus to Phytophthora sojae in the Korean Soybean Cultivar Daewon

Phytophthora root and stem rot reduce soybean yields worldwide. The use of R-gene type resistance is currently crucial for protecting soybean production. The present study aimed to identify the genomic location of a gene conferring resistance to Phytophthora sojae isolate 2457 in the recombinant inbred line population developed by a cross of Daepung × Daewon. Single-marker analysis identified 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with resistance to the P. sojae isolate 2457, which explained ~67% of phenotypic variance. Daewon contributed a resistance allele for the locus. This region is a well-known location for Rps1 and Rps7. The present study is the first, however, to identify an Rps gene locus from a major soybean variety cultivated in South Korea. Linkage analysis also identified a 573 kb region on chromosome 3 with high significance (logarithm of odds = 13.7). This genomic region was not further narrowed down due to lack of recombinants within the interval. Based on the latest soybean genome, ten leucine-rich repeat coding genes and four serine/threonine protein kinase-coding genes are annotated in this region, which all are well-known types of genes for conferring disease resistance in crops. These genes would be candidates for molecular characterization of the resistance in further studies. The identified R-gene locus would be useful in developing P. sojae resistant varieties in the future. The results of the present study provide foundational knowledge for researchers who are interested in soybean-P. sojae interaction.
Novel high‐docosahexaenoic‐acid tuna oil supplementation modulates gut microbiota and alleviates obesity in high‐fat diet mice

Abstract Studies have documented the benefits of fish oil in different diseases because of its high n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, these studies mostly used commercially available fish oil supplements with a ratio of 18/12 for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, increasing DHA content for this commonly used ratio might bring out a varied metabolic effect, which have remained unclear. Thus, in this study, a novel tuna oil (TO) was applied to investigate the effect of high‐DHA content on the alteration of the gut microbiota and obesity in high‐fat diet mice. The results suggest that high‐DHA TO (HDTO) supplementation notably ameliorates obesity and related lipid parameters and restores the expression of lipid metabolism‐related genes. The benefits of TOs were derived from their modification of the gut microbiota composition and structure in mice. A high‐fat diet triggered an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio that was remarkably restored by TOs. The number of obesity‐promoting bacteria—Desulfovibrio, Paraeggerthella, Terrisporobacter, Millionella, Lachnoclostridium, Anaerobacterium, and Ruminiclostridium—was dramatically reduced. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Alistipes putredinis, and Millionella massiliensis, three dysbiosis‐related species, were especially regulated by HDTO. Regarding the prevention of obesity, HDTO outperforms the normal TO. Intriguingly, HDTO feeding to HFD‐fed mice might alter the arginine and proline metabolism of intestinal microbiota.
Blockchain BFT Protocol for Complete Asynchronous Networks.

Ethereum Research team has proposed a family of Casper blockchain consensus protocols for Ethereum 2.0. It has been shown in the literature that Casper Friendly Finality Gadget (Casper FFG) for Ethereum 2.0's beacon network cannot achieve liveness property in partially synchronous networks such as the Internet environment. The "Correct-by-Construction" family of Casper blockchain consensus protocols (CBC Casper) has been proposed as a finality gadget for the future release of Ethereum 2.0 blockchain. Unfortunately, neither constructive finality rule nor satisfactory liveness property has been obtained for CBC Casper, and it is commonly believed that CBC Casper could not achieve liveness property in asynchronous networks. This paper provides the first probabilistic CBC Casper protocol that achieves liveness property against (n-1)/3 Byzantine participants in complete asynchronous networks.
A new synthesis of α-phenylseleno γ- and δ-lactones from terminal alkynes

Treatment of the hydroxy substituted (Z)-α-(phenylseleno) vinyl p-toluenesulfonates with electrophilic phenylselenenylating agents gives rise to a selenium induced ring closure reaction affording α-phenylseleno γ- or δ-lactones.
Tables of Spectral-Line Intensities: Part 1, Arranged by Elements

From Abstract: "Comparisons with other other intensity measurements in individual spectra indicate that the National Bureau of Standards spectral-line intensities may have average errors of 20 percent, but first of all they provide uniform quantitative values for the seventy chemical elements commonly determined by spectrochemists. These data are presented by element in part I, and all 39000 observed lines are given in order of wavelength in part II. "
Hot under the collar: A latent measure of interstate hostility

The majority of studies on international conflict escalation use a variety of measures of hostility including the use of force, reciprocity, and the number of fatalities. The use of different measures, however, leads to different empirical results and creates difficulties when testing existing theories of interstate conflict. Furthermore, hostility measures currently used in the conflict literature are ill suited to the task of identifying consistent predictors of international conflict escalation. This article presents a new dyadic latent measure of interstate hostility, created using a Bayesian item-response theory model and conflict data from the Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) and Phoenix political event datasets. This model (1) provides a more granular, conceptually precise, and validated measure of hostility, which incorporates the uncertainty inherent in the latent variable; and (2) solves the problem of temporal variation in event data using a varying-intercept structure and human-coded data as a benchmark against which biases in machine-coded data are corrected. In addition, this measurement model allows for the systematic evaluation of how existing measures relate to the construct of hostility. The presented model will therefore enhance the ability of researchers to understand factors affecting conflict dynamics, including escalation and de-escalation processes.
Assessing of Urban Vegetation Biomass in Combination with LiDAR and High-resolution Remote Sensing Images

ABSTRACT The urban vegetation ecosystem is a vegetation ecosystem that is deeply influenced by human beings. The rapid urbanization process brings a great influence on the growth environment of urban vegetation. Urban vegetation has a certain mitigating effect on the urbanization process. It is irreplaceable by other urban ecosystems in functions such as maintaining atmospheric carbon–oxygen balance, reducing heat island effects, purifying, and beautifying the urban environment. At present, the estimation of aboveground biomass (AGB) mainly focuses on the original forest, grassland, desertification vegetation and crops, and the data sources are mostly medium- and low-resolution data such as Land Remote-Sensing Satellite Thematic Map (Landsat TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Compared with the research objects such as forest and grassland, urban vegetation has higher heterogeneity of underlying surface within the city scope, and there are more mixed pixels of medium- and low-resolution data. Therefore, high-resolution data are needed for classification and estimation. This study uses Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data to expand the sample size, combines high-resolution image data to classify urban vegetation areas, and quantitatively estimates and inverts biomass. The spatial and temporal variation of urban vegetation biomass was analysed by comparing the inversion accuracy of five different models and the advantages and disadvantages of the research models. The research results show that: (1) In the absence of urban forest sample points, the biomass background data are expanded with the help of LiDAR data and more data is provided for further inversion; (2) Through five model method comparison experiments, the optimal method for estimation is based on the Random Forest (RF) model; (3) Analysed the changes of urban vegetation in the study area in the past 10 years, the development of different types of urban vegetation has experienced a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Due to the high heterogeneity of features in urban areas, this study improved the inversion accuracy of estimating urban vegetation biomass by classification, and provided reference value and the basis for urban ecological management and regional planning.
Harvest date forecast for soybeans from maximum vegetative development using satellite images

ABSTRACT The knowledge of Sowing Dates (SD), Maximum Vegetative Development Dates (MVDD), and Harvest Dates (HD) of crops is important for estimating and forecasting large-scale productivity. Prior information on harvest date of crops is also useful in optimizing grain reception logistics and improving business decision-making in agro-industrial companies. This study aimed to develop a method to predict the HD of soybeans from MVDD, which was obtained from crop maps in the state of Paraná between 2011/2012 and 2013/2014 crop years. TIMESAT software was used to perform a seasonal trend analysis of enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery. After estimating time intervals between MVDD and HD (MH), applied to each mapped pixel, we calculated the 3 year MH average (average of the interval between MVDD and HD for the 3 crop years) for mesoregion and state levels, respectively. The MH by mesoregion was added to MVDD at a regional level, generating HDFORECAST, which is a prediction of the HD. Our results were compared with information from 44 monitored farms in the state in the 2013/2014 crop year. The findings showed that, for soybeans, MH by mesoregion can be used to predict HD with a Mean Error (ME) of 4.84 days, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 6.84 days, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 8.12 days, Willmott modified coefficient (d) of 0.9, and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.88. Our study has produced valuable information for crop productivity models, as well as for logistics of grain transportation and storage in agro-companies, which can anticipate operations knowing when grains will be harvested and delivered to the centres.
New names and new combinations for hypnalean mosses

Abstract. Several nomenclatural changes in the Hypnales are proposed in order to purify the circumscription of Pseudotaxiphyllum and Taxiphyllum. Three species of Pseudotaxiphyllum (P. falcifolium, P. homomallifolium and P. richardsii) do not fit well in any current genus, or belong to distinctive subgeneric lineages, which necessitates the description of novel taxa (Margrethypnum gen. nov., Redfearnia gen. nov., and Taxiphyllum subgen. Parataxiphyllum subgen. nov.). A fourth species, Pseudotaxiphyllum distichaceum [≡ Stereodon distichaceus], is transferred to Longiella, leaving only species that produce branch-like gemmae in Pseudotaxiphyllum. Five species of Taxiphyllum are transferred to other genera: T. fluitans and T. gabonense to Ectropothecium, T. laevifolium [≡ E. laevifolium] to Phyllodon, T. ligulaefolium [≡ Glossadelphus ligulaefolius] to Mittenothamnium, and T. torrentium [≡ Amblystegium torrentium] to Bryocrumia. A 50-taxon ITS-based phylogeny is included for illustrative purposes. Plagiothecium sect. Stansvikia is established to accommodate a group of medium-sized to large, glossy, autoicous species with an austral oceanic distribution. Included taxa are P. subantarcticum sp. nov. [= P. Donianum sensu Mitten 1869] from Tierra del Fuego, P. falklandicum, P. georgicoantarcticum, P. georgicoantarcticum var. antarcticum comb. nov. [≡ Hypnum antarcticum] from the Kerguelen Islands, and P. novae-seelandiae. Phylogenetically, sect. Stansvikia belongs to the core of the genus and is related to both sect. Plagiothecium and sect. Leptophyllum (P. lucidum s.l.).
A Speculative Exploration of the Role of Dialogue in Human-ComputerCo-creation

In this paper we consider the notion of dialogic creative ar-tiﬁcial intelligence (DCAI) systems, where co-creativity be-tween a human user and a computational system is supported through dialogic interaction. By dialogue we mean both traditional language-based communication for explicit critique and persuasion (dialogue about creative artefacts) as well as a broader potentially non-linguistic notion of dialogue that emerges through the exchange of suggestions and changes (dialogue through creative artefacts). To capture this, we de-ﬁne DCAI as occurring when both system and user are able to inﬂuence each others’ creative objectives. The paper motivates our pursuit of dialogic interaction and provides some explanation of why we have deﬁned it through its impacts rather than its mechanism of action. We provide two analyses to support our argument: an exploration of a commercial creativity support tool that has an extensive vocabulary for describing artefacts abstractly but does not meet our definition of dialogic interaction, and a case study of a creative interaction between two human professionals that exhibits di-alogic interaction throughout. For the latter we consider how studies of human-human co-creation can offer non-obvious design concepts that might be applied to co-creative DCAI systems.