Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
À la recherche de Mohamed Kouaci, artisan de la Révolution par l’image

Mohamed Kouaci (1922-1996) est le photographe algerien le plus connu de la periode de la guerre d’independance (1954-1962). Pourtant, ses archives, conservees par la famille, restent en grande partie inedites. Peu explorees, elles n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’un inventaire raisonne. Elles posent a l’historien qui souhaite les apprehender comme sources des questions de methodologie complexes. Base sur le croisement de sources ecrites, orales et photographiques, cet article propose une experience de recherche en terrain algerien, centree sur un fonds d’archives prive. Il retrace le parcours singulier de ce photographe militant, emigre a Paris en 1946 et que l’on retrouve a Tunis en 1958, devenu responsable du service photographique du ministere de l’Information du Gouvernement Provisoire de la Republique Algerienne. L’analyse fine de son fonds photographique permet de resituer son activite dans un contexte plus large : il fut l’un des nombreux artisans, la plupart anonymes, de la politique d’information menee par les independantistes du Front de liberation nationale pendant la guerre, afin de proposer un autre recit et de s’opposer a la vision univoque donnee par la France. La photographie occupa en effet une place centrale dans les strategies de mediatisation et d’internationalisation de la cause algerienne, qui ont fini par porter leurs fruits.
Gene expression Quantitative visualization of alternative exon expression from RNA-seq data

Motivation: Analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data revealed that the vast majority of human genes express multiple mRNA isoforms, produced by alternative pre-mRNA splicing and other mechanisms, and that most alternative isoforms vary in expression between human tissues. As RNA-Seq datasets grow in size, it remains challenging to visualize isoform expression across multiple samples. Results: To help address this problem, we present Sashimi plots, a quantitative visualization of aligned RNA-Seq reads that enables quantitative comparison of exon usage across samples or experimental conditions. Sashimi plots can be made using the Broad Integrated Genome Viewer or with a stand-alone command line program. Availability and implementation: Software code and documentation freely available here: http:// miso.readthedocs. org/en/fastmiso/sashimi.html Contact: mesirov@broadinstitute.org, airoldi@fas.harvard. edu or cburge@mit.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. RNA sequencing analyses revealed that most human genes are alternatively spliced, and that differential regulation of isoforms is widespread across tissues (Wang et al., 2008, Pan et al., 2008). While many genome browsers can display raw RNA sequencing (RNASeq) reads, a quantitative visualization that conveys the abundances of alternatively spliced isoforms has been missing. For example, the popular UCSC Genome Browser can visualize RNA-Seq reads as tracks from BAM files (Kent et al., 2002), but does not make exon inclusion levels readily apparent and comparable across samples.
CAMA Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis Historical Decompositions for Nonlinear Vector Autoregression Models CAMA Working Paper 62 / 2017 October 2017

The historical decomposition is standard within the vector autogression (VAR) toolkit. It provides an interpretation of historical fluctuations in the modelled time series through the lens of the identified structural shocks. The proliferation of nonlinear VAR models naturally leads to extending the historical decomposition into nonlinear settings. This article discusses how to calculate an exact historical decomposition for a large class of popular nonlinear VAR models. In particular, the standard historical decomposition one obtains from a linear VAR is nested within the nonlinear case. The approach discussed in this article is sufficiently general to be relevant for many popular variants of nonlinear VAR models.
Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk 1 – 3

Background: The addition of waist circumference (WC) to body mass index (BMI; in kg/m) predicts a greater variance in health risk than does BMI alone; however, whether the reverse is true is not known. Objective: We evaluated whether BMI adds to the predictive power of WC in assessing obesity-related comorbidity. Design: Subjects were 14 924 adult participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, grouped into categories of BMI and WC in accordance with the National Institutes of Health cutoffs. Odds ratios for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome were compared for overweight and class I obese BMI categories and the normal-weight category before and after adjustment for WC. BMI and WC were also included in the same regression model as continuous variables for prediction of the metabolic disorders. Results: With few exceptions, overweight and obese subjects were more likely to have hypertension, dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome than were normal-weight subjects. After adjustment for WC category (normal or high), the odds of comorbidity, although attenuated, remained higher in overweight and obese subjects than in normal-weight subjects. However, after adjustment for WC as a continuous variable, the likelihood of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome was similar in all groups. When WC and BMI were used as continuous variables in the same regression model, WC alone was a significant predictor of comorbidity. Conclusions: WC, and not BMI, explains obesity-related health risk. Thus, for a given WC value, overweight and obese persons and normal-weight persons have comparable health risks. However, when WC is dichotomized as normal or high, BMI remains a significant predictor of health risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:
Multiple harmonic ULF waves in the plasma sheet boundary layer: Instability analysis

[1] Multiple‐harmonic electromagnetic waves in the ULF band have occasionally been observed in Earth's magnetosphere, both near the magnetic equator in the outer plasmasphere and in the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) in Earth's magnetotail. Observations by the Cluster spacecraft of multiple‐harmonic electromagnetic waves with fundamental frequency near the local proton cyclotron frequency, W cp , were recently reported in the plasma sheet boundary layer by Broughton et al. (2008). A companion paper surveys the entire magnetotail passage of Cluster during 2003, and reports 35 such events, all in the PSBL, and all associated with elevated fluxes of counterstreaming ions and electrons. In this study we use observed pitch angle distributions of ions and electrons during a wave event observed by Cluster on 9 September 2003 to perform an instability analysis. We use a semiautomatic procedure for developing model distributions composed of bi‐Maxwellian components that minimizes the difference between modeled and observed distribution functions. Analysis of wave instability using the WHAMP electromagnetic plasma wave dispersion code and these model distributions reveals an instability near W cp and its harmonics. The observed and model ion distributions exhibit both beam‐like and ring‐like features which might lead to instability. Further instability analysis with simple beam‐like and ring‐like model distribution functions indicates that the instability is due to the ring‐like feature. Our analysis indicates that this instability persists over an enormous range in the effective ion beta (based on a best fit for the observed distribution function using a single Maxwellian distribution), b′, but that the character of the instability changes with b′. For b′ of order unity (for instance, the observed case with b′ ∼ 0.4), the instability is predominantly electromagnetic; the fluctuating magnetic field has components in both the perpendicular and parallel directions, but the perpendicular fluctuations are larger. If b′ is greatly decreased to about 5 × 10 −4 (by increasing the magnetic field), the instability becomes electrostatic. On the other hand, if b′ is increased (by decreasing the magnetic field), the instability remains electromagnetic, but becomes predominantly compressional (magnetic fluctuations predominantly parallel) at b′ ∼ 2. The b′ dependence we observe here may connect various waves at harmonics of the proton gyrofrequency found in different regions of space. (2010), Multiple harmonic ULF waves in the plasma sheet boundary layer: Instability analysis,
SYMPathEtic and ParaSYMPathEtic hEPatic dEnErVatiOn MOdulatE dYSliPidEMia in ZucKEr ratS

Human and animal studies increasingly point towards a neural pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, involving hypothalamic and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. We hypothesized that increased VLDL-Triglyceride (VLDL-TG) secretion by the liver in the obese Zucker (fa/fa) rat, is due to a relative hyperactivity of sympathetic or hypoactivity of parasympathetic hepatic innervation. To investigate this, we surgically denervated the sympathetic or parasympathetic hepatic nerve in obese Zucker rats. Our results show that cutting the sympathetic hepatic nerve lowers VLDL-TG secretion, finally resulting in lower plasma triglyceride concentrations. By contrast, a parasympathetic denervation results in increased plasma total cholesterol concentrations. The effect of a sympathetic or parasympathetic denervation of the liver was independent of changes in humoral factors or changes in body weight or food intake. In conclusion, a sympathetic denervation improves the lipid profile in obese Zucker rats with marked dyslipidemia, whereas a parasympathetic denervation increases total cholesterol levels. d Y SliP id E M ia a n d t h E a u tO n O M ic n E r V O u S S Y S t E M 5
Examining the Relationship between the Use of Supermarkets and Over‐Nutrition in Indonesia

This study examines the relationship between the use of modern food retailers and health outcomes using data from a survey of 1,180 urban households in Indonesia. The dependent variables include adult and child body-mass index and the share of individuals overweight and obese. After controlling for individual and household characteristics and using standard and Lewbel instrumental variable approaches to control for unobservable characteristics, we do not find a statistically significant relationship between use of supermarkets and adult nutrition measures. On the other hand, there is mixed evidence for a negative effect of supermarkets on child nutrition, particularly for those in high-income households.
A Dual-Discrete Model Predictive Control-Based MPPT for PV Systems

This paper presents a method that overcomes the problem of the confusion during fast irradiance change in the classical maximum power point tracking (MPPT) as well as in model predictive control (MPC)-based MPPTs available in the literature. The previously introduced MPC-based MPPTs take into account the model of the converter only, which make them prone to the drift during fast environmental conditions. Therefore, the model of the photovoltaic (PV) array is also considered in the proposed algorithm, which allows it to be prompt during rapid environmental condition changes. It takes into account multiple previous samples of power, and based on that is able to take the correct tracking decision when the predicted and measured power differ (in case of drift issue). After the tracking decision is taken, it will be sent to a second part of the algorithm as a reference. The second part is used for following the reference provided by the first part, where the pulses are sent directly to the converter, without a modulator or a linear controller. The proposed technique is validated experimentally by using a buck converter, fed by a PV simulator. The tracking efficiency is evaluated according to EN50530 standard in static and dynamic conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed MPC-MPPT is a quick and accurate tracker under very fast changing irradiance, while maintaining high tracking efficiency even under very low irradiance.
Usability of the ARgh ! Augmented Reality system for onthe-job learning

This contribution reports on design decisions and evaluation procedures as well as findings studying an on-the-job Augmented Reality learning system, namely the ‘ARgh! ’ system. The objective of this paper is to assess system usability of the visual symbols developed that guide the user through physical action step-by-step, live, and on-the-job. This study contributed to the research programme of the EC-funded ICT project TELLME (‘Technology Enhanced Learning Livinglab for Manufacturing Environments’) which aims to develop and trial in authentic contexts (SME-driven human-centric and service-oriented manufacturing workplaces) an innovative cross-enterprise methodology and IT platforms for continuous education and training in heterogeneous business ecosystems, blending lifelong learning and participative co-creation aspects in ways that can address more business needs than traditional training.
Application of Doppler beam sharpening for azimuth refinement in prospective low‐THz automotive radars

In this study, the authors investigate the application of the Doppler beam sharpening (DBS) technique for angular refinement to the emerging area of low-terahertz (THz) radar sensing. Ultimately this is to improve radar image quality in the azimuth plane to complement the excellent range resolution and thus improve object classification in low-THz radar imaging systems for autonomous platforms. The study explains the fundamental theory behind the process of DBS and describes the applicability of DBS to automotive sensing, indicating the potential for synthetic beamwidths of a fraction of a degree. Low-THz DBS was experimentally tested under controlled laboratory conditions, not only to accurately localised target objects in Cartesian space but also to provide unique object imaging at low-THz frequencies with wide azimuthal beamwidth antennas. It was shown that a stationary (i.e. non-scanned) wide beam antenna mounted on a moving platform can deliver imagery at least comparable to that produced by physical beamforming, be that steering arrays or narrow beam scanning antennas as in the experimental case presented.
Magnetoconvection in a plane layer rotating about the horizontal axis: The effect of anisotropic diffusivities

Abstract A linear stability analysis of convection arising in a horizontal plane layer rotating about the horizontal axis and permeated by a homogeneous horizontal magnetic field perpendicular to the rotation axis is performed. Resulting horizontal convective rolls are inclined to the magnetic field at an angle dependent on the dimensionless numbers − the Elsasser, Ekman and Roberts numbers, and moreover on the anisotropy parameter, the ratio of horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients (which are the viscosity and thermal diffusivity; magnetic diffusivity is considered isotropic). Two types of anisotropies, SA andBM, are considered and compared with the isotropic case of diffusion coefficients. In the stratification anisotropy, SA, of the Sa and So types, diffusivities in the horizontal directions are, respectively, smaller and greater than the vertical ones. In the BM anisotropy (Braginsky and Meytlis, 1990), the diffusivities in the directions of rotation axis and magnetic field - in the horizontal directions are greater than in vertical direction, thus identically as in So type anisotropy. Results of this H case, the model with the horizontal rotation axis, are compared with the V case of a similar model with the vertical rotation axis. The modes of instabilities are much more sensitive to viscosity and various anisotropies in the H case than in the V case. Results indicate that the effects of anisotropic diffusivities on the Earth’s core magnetoconvection and geodynamo processes should be studied more thoroughly in simpler models than is usually done.
PREDICTORS OF THE ADAPTIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING OF OLDER PERSONS IN THEIR HOMES

As people get older, their independence may be hindered by problems that confront them in the home. To extend their independent functioning, environmental press on older individuals should be diminished but, at the same time, their ability to solve these problems themselves (proactivity) should be enhanced. The purpose of the present study was to identify the most important factors that influence proactivity. For this reason, a theoretical exploratory model was constructed that consisted of four types of factors that influence the adaptive problem-solving of the older individual and the adaptive strategies that result from this process. These factors were: (1) problem type; (2) personal factors of competence such as health, education, and knowledge; (3) factors describing the social network; and (4) factors describing the physical environment. Adaptive strategies were categorized to be physical/technical, social, personal or mental. Subsequently, the most significant factors in this model were identified, using the data of a survey among 120 elderly households. Results of the survey show that the adaptive strategy a person chooses is not only dependent on the type of problem, but also on personal qualities and physical housing. Also, the type of adaptive strategy chosen was a predictor of the perceived effectiveness of and satisfaction with the solution.
Three-dimensional neuronal cell culture: in pursuit of novel treatments for neurodegenerative disease

To gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of neurological disease, relevant tissue models are imperative. Over the years, this realization has fuelled the development of novel tools and platforms, which aim at capturing in vivo complexity. One example is the field of biofabrication, which focuses on fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) biologically functional products in a controlled and automated manner. Herein, we provide a general overview of classical 3D cell culture platforms, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disease. Subsequently, the focus is put on bioprinting-based biofabrication, its potential to advance 3D neuronal cell culture and, to conclude, the relevant translational bottlenecks, which will need to be considered as the field evolves.
Does Institutional Pressures Leads to Better Green Supply Chain and Organizational Performance in Indonesian Manufacturing Sector: Role of Senior Management and Social Capital

The research examines the influence of three organizational pressures (such as, government, customer and rivals) on performance associated with environment and operations. These three organizational forces are analyzed by adopting green supply chain management (GSCM), considering the senior management and examining social capital in the supply chain between buyers and sellers. Information was obtained by an email questionnaire from buying companies in Indonesian manufacturing sector. The analysis was based on structural equation modeling (SEM) and applied on 250 available responses from Indonesian manufacturing sector to evaluate our hypotheses. Our findings demonstrated that almost all hypotheses are accepted. Our research expands the GSCM literature by incorporating significant and latest concepts into the GSCM theory, and at the same time offering implications for policy making through empirical evidence.
Strong Magnetic Field Fluctuations within Filamentary Auroral Density Cavities Interpreted as VLF Saucer Sources

[1] The Geoelectrodynamics and Electro-Optical Detection of Electron and Suprathermal Ion Currents (GEODESIC) sounding rocket encountered more than 100 filamentary density cavities associated with enhanced plasma waves at ELF (<3 kHz) and VLF (3–10 kHz) frequencies and at altitudes of 800–990 km during an auroral substorm. These cavities were similar in size (∼20 m diameter in most cases) to so-called lower-hybrid cavities (LHCs) observed by previous sounding rockets and satellites; however, in contrast, many of the GEODESIC cavities exhibited up to tenfold enhancements in magnetic wave power throughout the VLF band. GEODESIC also observed enhancements of ELF and VLF electric fields both parallel and perpendicular to the geomagnetic fieldB0within cavities, though the VLF E field increases were often not as large proportionally as seen in the magnetic fields. This behavior is opposite to that predicted by previously published theories of LHCs based on passive scattering of externally incident auroral hiss. We argue that the GEODESIC cavities are active wave generation sites capable of radiating VLF waves into the surrounding plasma and producing VLF saucers, with energy supplied by cold, upward flowing electron beams composing the auroral return current. This interpretation is supported by the observation that the most intense waves, both inside and outside cavities, occurred in regions where energetic electron precipitation was largely inhibited or absent altogether. We suggest that the wave-enhanced cavities encountered by GEODESIC were qualitatively different from those observed by earlier spacecraft because of the fortuitous timing of the GEODESIC launch, which placed the payload at apogee within a substorm-related return current during its most intense phase, lasting only a few minutes.
Microencapsulation of Phosphorylated Human-Like Collagen-Calcium Chelates for Controlled Delivery and Improved Bioavailability

The bioavailability of Phosphorylated Human-like Collagen-calcium chelates (PHLC-Ca) as calcium supplement is influenced by the extremely low pH and proteolytic enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract. This study addresses these issues by microencapsulation technology using alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CS) as wall materials. The different ratio of ALG to PHLC-Ca on microcapsules encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) was evaluated and 1:1/2 was selected as the optimal proportion. The microcapsules were micron-sized and spherical in shape. PHLC-Ca was successfully entrapped into the matrix of ALG through forming intermolecular hydrogen bonding or other interactions. The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) indicated that CS was coated on ALG microspheres. The MTT assay exhibited that CS/ALG-(PHLC-Ca) microcapsules extracts were safe to L929. The animal experiment showed that CS/ALG-(PHLC-Ca) microcapsules was superior to treating osteoporosis than PHLC-Ca. These results illustrated that the bioavailability of PHLC-Ca was improved by microencapsulated.
A Transmission-Line-Based Decoupling Method for MIMO Antenna Arrays

A transmission-line-based decoupling technique for dual-polarized multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays is presented and analyzed. The proposed scheme enables well-canceled coupling for the adjacent elements under co-polarization, without degrading the isolation of the cross-polarized ports. First, a decoupling network based on the presented method for a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO array is provided, along with a comprehensive design procedure. Calculations and simulations are operated to verify decoupling performance. For further verification, a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dual-polarized patch array with the proposed decoupling method is developed. The decoupling network characterizes low profile, compact size, and low insertion loss, which is realized in a single layer. Measurements denote that the isolations between the co-polarized elements are improved from 16 to 20 dB to over 30 dB after decoupling at the center frequency of 2.45 GHz. Subsequently, based on the proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> decoupling method, a decoupling network for large-scale dual-polarized MIMO arrays is presented. A design example of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dual-polarized patch antenna array is established. Full-wave simulations indicate that the isolations are enhanced to better than 30 dB with a small insertion loss of less than 0.45 dB and can widely be used for phased array and massive MIMO array systems.