Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early decline of asparagus in the Netherlands : etiology, epidemiology and management

Asparagus plants on fields cropped with asparagus before establish well but economic life of the crop is only half of that on fresh land. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi was identified as the main cause of this early decline. Autotoxic compounds were detected in residues of asparagus roots even 11 years after the crop was finished but evidence for a role of these compounds in the etiology of the disease was not obtained. The pathogen was found on asparagus seed, on one-year-old crowns used as planting material and was isolated from soil, frequently even from fields without an asparagus history. In inoculation experiments, the pathogen caused severe root rot in asparagus, mild root rot occasionally in pea and lupin, and it colonized the roots of many plant species that did not show symptoms. Twenty-four isolates of the pathogen were assigned to 18 vegetative compatibility groups indicating the large genetical diversity of the population in the Netherlands. The potential of nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum to reduce severity of Fusarium root rot was shown in growth chamber and greenhouse tests but not when plants were grown in the field for one year. A new method for reducing soil infestation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi and other soilborne pathogens was developed. It is based on induction of fermentative soil conditions. When fresh broccoli or grass was incorporated into soil that was subsequently irrigated and covered with plastic mulch, oxygen in soil was rapidly depleted and redox potential (Eh) reached values as low as -200 mV. After 15 weeks, populations of F. oxysporum f.sp. asparagi , Rhizoctonia solani , Verticillium dahliae , and Globodera pallida were strongly reduced in inoculum samples buried in soil demonstrating the potential of this approach to control a range of soilborne pathogens.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Acorus calamus (Acoraceae) from Fujian, China

Abstract Acorales comprises the basal lineage of all extant monocots and has important linkage to early angiosperms and dicots. In this study, we reported the complete chloroplast genome of Acorus calamus, one of the two species of Acorales. The whole genome was 152,876 bp in length, consisting of a pair of inverted repeats (IR 25,661 bp), a large single-copy region (LSC 83,290 bp), and a small single-copy region (SSC 18,264 bp). The complete genome contained 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the whole genome was 38.7%. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that A. calamus is sister to A. calamus which was collected in Germany. The complete chloroplast genome of A. calamus will help improve and integrate the existing genome data of monocots and provide insights into the phylogenetic relationship among basal angiosperms, monocots and dicots.
Mentoring Secondary Novice Teachers to Develop Academic Language of English Language Learners

This exploratory, qualitative study examines the foundational knowledge and instructional methods needed for academic language teaching of English language learners (ELLs). It also examines how mentoring practices can build secondary content-based novice teachers’ instructional capacity in this area. The study uses synthesized data from two independent studies to contextualize findings on essential instructional practices within the process of mentoring new teachers. Three themes emerged: novices need the foundational, theoretical and practical knowledge underlying essential practices for academic language development; essential practices must be articulated in detail for enactment by teachers; and balancing explicit and immersive academic language instruction is a major paradigm shift for novices. Implications for mentor and teacher professional development are discussed, as mentors are key to supporting the uptake of dynamic instructional methods needed to enact essential practices. While mentoring is a common strategy for supporting new teachers, few models exist for how mentors can support new teachers with building the academic language development of ELLs. Further, few studies examine mentoring exchanges that can promote teachers’ understanding and practices to support ELL students’ academic language development. Limitations of the study include sample size and use of varied respondent data sets.
Effects of habitat cover, landscape structure and spatial variables on the abundance of birds in an agricultural–forest mosaic

Summary 1 Numerical studies of the relationship between birds and their habitat are important because they provide understanding of the impacts of natural and human factors on avian diversity. However, collinearity between explanatory variables and spatial autocorrelation can hamper the detection of key environmental factors underlying bird–environment relationships identified by traditional regression approaches. This study utilized two alternative statistical methods to address these difficulties in biodiversity modelling. 2 We examined bird abundance patterns, spatial structure and relationship to environmental factors in an agricultural–forest mosaic landscape in Finland. We used data from 105 grid squares each 25 ha in size. Using variation partitioning and hierarchical partitioning methods, we determined the independent and joint effects of habitat cover, landscape structure and spatial variables on the total number of bird pairs and that of agricultural bird pairs. 3 The explanatory variables highlighted as important predictors of bird patterns by the two methods generally coincided well. The total number of bird pairs was negatively related to agricultural land, and positively to cover of forests and landscape heterogeneity. However, a clear majority of the explained variation in bird patterns was related to the joint effect of predictors, and the independent contributions of predictors were small. The univariate importance of landscape heterogeneity decreased greatly if the habitat cover variables were considered simultaneously. 4 Most of the explained variation in the number of agricultural bird pairs was related to the joint effects of the explanatory variables. In addition, the independent effect of habitat cover variables was considerable and agricultural birds showed a positive relationship with semi-natural grasslands. 5 Synthesis and applications. Variation partitioning and hierarchical partitioning approaches provide deeper insights into bird–environment relationships than traditional regression methods. This is particularly so when they are employed in a complementary manner. Our results indicate that a major part of the spatial structure in bird patterns in agricultural–forest mosaics can be caused by the clumping of habitats either preferred or avoided by birds. Moreover, at a scale of 25 ha, the abundance of bird pairs is not necessarily related to landscape heterogeneity as such, but depends more on the distribution of the most important habitats for birds.
A Benchmark Study for Phase Transformation of Shape Memory Alloy Based Split Ring Resonator Structure Under a Heating and Cooling Thermal Cycle

In this benchmark study, the integration of shape memory alloy thin film on to a split ring resonator is investigated. Split ring resonators are artificially produced structures which are used to generate magnetic response. One of the applications that can be met in the literature is the solar panel ones where they are benefitted for the electric generation from the resonance of it. Unfortunately, this application is very sensitive to the shape, geometry and dimensions which can be affected from ambient conditions easily. At this particular stage, to compensate the dimensional inconsistencies by shape memory alloy thin film is chosen in an ongoing project. Due to the nature of the shape memory alloy, not only the material properties but also the geometry of the structure can also change. By taking the advantage of this unique feature, the applicability of coupling shape memory alloy thin film by split ring resonator is investigated. And as an initial step of this research, the phase transformation of shape memory alloy thin film is investigated with regard to varying ambient conditions which are simulated by the change of convection conditions and exposure time. The temperature evolution of two significant point is tracked under these conditions and furthermore the change of martensite volume fraction is examined which will enlighten the path for the further steps on this investigation.
Characterisation of the Molecular Mechanisms Regulating the Signalling and Post-endocytic sorting of the Receptors for Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Adsenomedullin

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (ADM) receptors are heterodimeric complexes composed of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP). Association with RAMP1 gives a high affinity CGRP receptor, whereas association with RAMP2 or RAMP3 gives high affinity ADM receptors. CGRP and ADM are widely distributed throughout the body and play important roles and are implicated in many diseases including migraine, heart failure and sepsis. Recently, CGRP has been shown to promote nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in trigeminal ganglion glial cells via ERK activation. CGRP is known to induce iNOS/NO production in thoracic artery smooth muscle cells (TA-SMC) pretreated with interleukin-1b. However, the molecular mechanism of CGRP-induced iNOS/NO production in TA-SMC is unknown. Therefore, in order to determine if CGRP induces iNOS/NO production via ERK activation, I first investigated the exact mechanisms through which CGRP activates ERK1-2 in HEK cells. By using different inhibitors I showed that CGRPinduced ERK activation is mainly activated through two major pathways. I showed for the first time that CGRP induces ERK activation through transactivation of ErbB1 and as expected through the cAMP/PKA pathway. Then, in order to characterise a suitable model to study CGRP-induced iNOS expression, I used primary TA-SMC and I showed that CGRP induces iNOS upregulation, which is reduced when cells are incubated with U0126, a MEK inhibitor. Thus, these results suggest that CGRP induces iNOS expression via ERK activation in TA-SMC. However, further experimentation is required to determine the exact ERK pathway responsible for iNOS induction. Compared to CLR•RAMP1 and CLR•RAMP3, little is known about the postendocytic sorting of CLR•RAMP2. Using HEK cells stably expressing CLR•RAMP2, I investigated the molecular mechanisms regulating the ADM receptor. I first showed that, unlike CLR•RAMP1, even transient stimulation of CLR•RAMP2 with ADM promotes degradation of both CLR and RAMP2, indicating that this ADM receptor does not recycle to the cell-surface. Moreover, I showed that CLR, not RAMP2, is constitutively ubiquitinated, which was further enhanced upon ADM stimulation. In order to elucidate the role of ADM-mediated ubiquitination of CLR, I made a lysine-less mutant of CLR, named CLRD9KR. I showed that ubiquitination of CLR did not affect ADM-induced trafficking of CLR•RAMP2 to lysosomes, nor did it affect the degradation or the ERK signalling of CLR•RAMP2. However, I showed that ubiquitination of CLR regulated the rate of degradation of the receptor. Together, these results indicate that CLR•RAMP2 does not recycle and is degraded via a molecular mechanism that is accelerated by ADM-induced ubiquitination of CLR.
A Graph Automorphic Approach for Placement and Sizing of Charging Stations in EV Network Considering Traffic

This paper proposes a novel graph-based approach with automorphic grouping for the modelling, synthesis, and analysis of electric vehicle (EV) networks with charging stations (CSs) that considers the impacts of traffic. The EV charge demands are modeled by a graph where nodes are positioned at potential locations for CSs, and edges represent traffic flow between the nodes. A synchronization protocol is assumed for the network where the system states correspond to the waiting time at each node. These models are then utilized for the placement and sizing of CSs in order to limit vehicle waiting times at all stations below a desirable threshold level. The main idea is to reformulate the CS placement and sizing problems in a control framework. Moreover, a strategy for the deployment of portable charging stations (PCSs) in selected areas is introduced to further improve the quality of solutions by reducing the overshooting of waiting times during peak traffic hours. Further, the inherent symmetry of the graph, described by graph automorphisms, are leveraged to investigate the number and positions of CSs. Detailed simulations are performed for the EV network of Perth Metropolitan in Western Australia to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Natural history of the pichi (Zaedyus pichiy) in Mendoza Province, Argentina

The pichi Zaedyus pichiy (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) is a poorly known, diurnal armadillo inhabiting arid and semi-arid regions of Argentina and Chile that has endured substantial population declines. My objective was to elucidate different aspects of the natural history of Z. pichiy as a first step towards establishing a conservation plan. Wild and captive pichis were studied. Body temperature of wild pichis averaged 35.2±1.2 °C and was highly variable (range 32.2 – 38.3 °C). Temperature measurements of semi-captive males showed that pichis can survive energetically challenging periods by entering hibernation or daily torpor. Stomach contents of poached animals revealed that pichis feed predominantly on insects but also ingest plant material, vertebrates and arachnids. This opportunistic, omnivorous feeding strategy allows them to thrive where food type and availability vary seasonally. The reproductive cycle of pichis was studied by means of histological and fecal hormone analyses. Pichis are seasonal breeders that produce one yearly litter of 1 to 2 offspring, and the initiator of breeding season seems to be an increase in daylength. The absence of regular estrous cycles and corpora lutea in non-pregnant females, and immediate mating attempts after pairing, all suggest that pichis are induced ovulators. Clinical examinations and hematological, serological and coproparasitological analyses of free-ranging pichis, and necropsies and histological examinations of confiscated pichis and roadkills, indicate that the populations are currently in good health. While parasites were often found, no severe pathologies were observed. Infections with potentially zoonotic diseases were rare: only a few pichis were seropositive for Trypanosoma cruzi, none had antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, and none of the histologically examined individuals presented lesions attributable to these pathogens. Elevated ambient humidity levels often caused moist dermatitis with epidermal detachment in captive pichis. Poaching is currently considered to have a much higher negative impact on the wild populations than disease epidemics. Mortality due to heavy poaching activity may be difficult, if not impossible, to compensate by the current birth rates. This preliminary database on the natural history and reproduction of pichis will assist efforts to conserve this little-known species of armadillo.
Feature Clustering Analysis Using Reference Model towards Rolling Bearing Performance Degradation Assessment

The health monitoring and management have been accepted in modern industrial machinery for an intelligent industrial production. To timely and reliably assess the bearing performance degradation, a novel health monitoring method called feature clustering analysis (FCA) has been proposed in this study. Along with the working time going, this new monitored chart picked by FCA aims to describe the feature clustering distribution transition by a series of reference models. First, the data provided by the reference state (healthy data) and the one from the monitor state (monitor data) are fused together to construct a reference model, which is to explore the active role of healthy status and activate the difference between healthy status and unhealthy status. Manifold learning is later implemented to mine the discriminated features for good class-separable clustering measure. In this manner, heterogeneous information hidden in this reference model will appear once degradation happened. Finally, a clustering quantification factor, named as feature clustering indicator (FCI), is calculated to assess distribution evolution and migration of the monitor status as compared to the consistent healthy status. Furthermore, a single Gaussian model (SGM) based on these FCIs is used to provide a smooth estimate of the healthy condition level. The corresponding negative log likelihood probability (NLLP) and the fault occurrence alarm are developed for an accurate and reliable FCC. And it can well depict a comprehensibility of the real bearing performance degradation process for its whole life. Meanwhile, as compared to other health profiles based on the classical health indicators, the proposed FCC has provided a much more accurate degradation level and rather monotonic profile. The experimental results show the potential in machine health performance degradation assessment.
Testing Visual Ecology Hypotheses in Avian Brood Parasite-host Systems: The Role of UV-light Perception and Egg-nest Contrast in Foreign Egg Rejection

Testing visual ecology hypotheses in avian brood parasite-host systems: the role of UV-light perception and egg-nest contrast in foreign egg rejection by Zachary Aidala Adviser: Dr. Mark E. Hauber Color signals are highly important features of animal communication systems, particularly among birds, which possess exquisitely complex visual perception systems. Birds possess tetrachromatic vision, and some species are sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. Because human and avian visual systems dramatically differ (i.e. humans are not sensitive to UV wavelengths), biologically relevant sensory models are necessary to accurately assess the function of avian color signals. In this dissertation, I primarily use brood parasite-host interactions as a model for studying the behavioral function of avian-perceivable visual stimuli. In Chapter 1, I review the importance of employing biologically relevant sensory-perceptual visual models when testing visual ecology hypotheses. Most models of avian visual space require the input of physiological parameters, such as the relative densities of cone photoreceptors. I also review methodologies that can be employed to increase the accuracy of visual models themselves. One such method is DNA sequencing of the short-wavelength sensitive type 1 (SWS1) opsin to assess the degree of UV-light sensitivity. Avian species possess variable sensitivities to UV wavelengths based on the amino acids present at key ‘spectral tuning’ sites, and DNA sequencing of the SWS1 opsin gene allows for accurate assessment of the photoreceptor opsin’s maximal sensitivity. In Chapters 2 and 3, I report predicted sensitivities to
A Case Study about Biomass Torrefaction on an Industrial Scale: Solutions to Problems Related to Self-Heating, Difficulties in Pelletizing, and Excessive Wear of Production Equipment

The search for different forms of biomass that can be used as an alternative to those more traditional ones has faced numerous difficulties, namely those related to disadvantages that the majority of residual forms present. However, these residual forms of biomass also have advantages, namely the fact that, by being outside the usual biomass supply chains for energy, they are usually much cheaper, and therefore contribute to a significant reduction in production costs. To improve the less-favorable properties of these biomasses, thermochemical conversion technologies, namely torrefaction, are presented as a way to improve the combustibility of these materials. However, it is a technology that has not yet demonstrated its full potential, mainly due to difficulties in the process of scale-up and process control. In this article it is intended to present the experience obtained over 5 years in the operation of a biomass torrefaction plant with an industrial pilot scale, where all the difficulties encountered and how they were corrected are presented, until it became a fully operational plant. This article, in which a real case study is analyzed, presents in a descriptive way all the work done during the time from when the plant started up and during the commissioning period until the state of continuous operation had been reached.
Role of communication between subunits and enzymes in ClpXP-mediated substrate unfolding and degradation

2 Acknowledgements 3 Chapter one: Clp/Hsp100 proteins: Disassembly chaperones and protease 5 complexes vital to cellular quality control Figure 1 9 Table 1 10 Figure 2 23 Chapter two: C-terminal domain mutations in ClpX uncouple substrate 64 binding from an engagement step required for unfolding (Shilpa A. Joshi, Tania A. Baker, Robert T. Sauer, 2003. Molecular Microbiology, 48, pp. 67-76.) Figure 1 69 Figure 2 71 Figure 3 75 Figure 4 77 Figure 5 79 Figure 6 81 Figure 7 87 Chapter three: Communication between ClpX and ClpP during substrate 101 processing and degradation (Shilpa A. Joshi, Greg L. Hersch, Tania A. Baker, Robert T. Sauer, 2004. Submitted, Nature Structural and Molecular Biology.) Figure 1 (work of G.L.H.) 107 Figure 2 109 Figure 3 111 Figure 4 115 Figure 5 117 Figure 6 121 Biographical note: 137
PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF DAN GENERATIF Stachytarpeta jamaicensis(L.) Vahl

Stachytarpeta jamaicensis belongs to family Verbenaceae believed to cure malaria, scabies, headaches,stimulant, tonic, expectorant and fever. The research aims to determine vegetative and generative growth of Stachytarpeta jamaicensis was conducted in Purwodadi Botanic Garden in October 2012 - June 2013 by observing 9 plants grouped in 3 replications. Seedlings with 6-12 leaves were planted in polybags with diameter 13 cm, height 16 cm filled with soil media ‘katel’ (soil stream sediment). The plants placed outside the glass house with light penetration about 20%. Growth observations conducted every week to high, leaf number, shoot/branch number, spike number, spike length, early flowering and fruit maturity of the plants. The results showed that the plant height, the leaf number, the shoot and branch and the spik s number of the plants was increasing linearly up to the age of 90 days after planting (DAP). Early and late flowering varied each 20-40 DAP and 69-83 DAP. The length of spikes growth following the sigmoid curve and the fruits mature at the age of 38 days after fertilization. Keywords: Growth, Stachytarpeta Jamaicensis, Vegetative, Generative
Why Do Sport Coaches Adopt a Controlling Coaching Style? The Role of an Evaluative Context and Psychological Need Frustration

In this study, involving 585 youth sport coaches (Mage = 35.76), the authors investigated whether coaches who perceive their environment to be highly evaluative would report acting in a more controlling or pressuring way. In a subsample (n = 211,Mage = 38.14), they examined the explanatory role of coaches’ experiences of psychological need frustration in this relation. They also considered whether years of coaching experience would serve as a buffer against the adverse effects of an evaluative context. In line with the tenets of self-determination theory, results of structural equation modeling indicated that an evaluative context was related to the use of a more controlling coaching style, with experiences of need frustration accounting for this relation. Coaching experience did not play any moderating role, suggesting that even more experienced coaches are vulnerable to the harmful correlates of an evaluative sport context.