Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of MCM-48 Molecular Sieves with High Specific Surface Area

The hydrothermal synthesis of MCM-48 molecular sieves with CTAB and TEAOH as dual template agents and alkaline silica sol as silicon source has been systematically studied. The samples prepared at different crystallization temperature and time were analyzed by XRD, IR, nitrogen adsorption and desorption. The result shows that the best crystallization temperature and time are 100°C and 48h, respectively. According to BJH algorithm, the specific surface area of the sample is 1088 ~ 1669 m2/g, the pore size is 2.48 ~ 2.54 nm, and the pore volume is 1.2064 ~ 1.263 0cm3/g. Because it has high specific surface area, it can be widely used in catalytic adsorption, environmental engineering, biomedicine and other fields. Keywords: MCM-48; mesoporous molecular sieve; high specific surface area; dual template agents; alkaline silica sol
ToF‐SIMS imaging of lipids in cell membranes

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been in use in biomedical imaging for more than three decades and has resulted in some important biomedical discoveries. However, SIMS has not become a part of most biologists' instrumentarium, even though this method enables chemical analysis in the context of anatomical regions and even subcellular structures. Secondary ions characteristic of a range of important lipids can now be efficiently produced from cell membranes and imaged by SIMS. Recently developed ion sources producing cluster primary ions, in combination with modern, sensitive time‐of‐flight (ToF) mass analyzers, have enabled this new bioimaging method. This article briefly describes cell membranes and their lipids as well as the new primary ion sources, and moves on to review recent biomembrane studies by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and related methods. Further refinements in equipment and other methodology that will facilitate the use of SIMS in biomembrane studies are suggested. It is concluded that ToF‐SIMS mass spectrometry for membrane and other biology applications is definitely on the rise. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grey-Fuzzy Logic Based Approach in Multi-Response Optimization of Semi-Solid Forging of A356 Aluminium Alloy

This paper presents an effective approach for the optimization of the semi-solid forging process of A356 Al-alloy based on the orthogonal array with the grey relational analysis and fuzzy logic analysis. Through the grey-fuzzy logic analysis, the optimization of complicated multiple performance characteristics can be converted into the optimization of a single grey-fuzzy reasoning grade. In this semi-solid forging process of A356 Al-alloy, the forging process parameters, namely the forging temperature, percent deformation, and die temperature are optimized with considerations of multiple performance characteristics including the tensile strength and hardness. The experimental results for the optimal setting have shown that the above performance characteristics in the semi-solid forging process of A356 Al-alloy can be improved effectively together through this approach.
Where Bears Have the Eyes of Currant: Towards a Mansi WordNet

Here we report the construction of a wordnet for Mansi, an endangered minority language spoken in Russia. We will pay special attention to challenges that we encountered during the building process, among which the most important ones are the low number of native speakers, the lack of thesauri and the bear language. We will discuss our solutions to these issues, which might have some theoretical implications for the methodology of wordnet building in general.
Experimental Study and Modelling of the Ferritic Steel Anisotropic Behavior under Associated and Non-Associated Flow Rule

In the present study, two different yield criteria were investigated to model and compare the yield thresholds functions for the plastic behavior of rolled sheets. These two different yield criteria as described via Hill48 yield quadratic and F. Barlat Yld2000-2d non-quadratic criterion. For this purpose, an experimental device of simple tensile test and the studied material are described. The experimental results in terms of Yield stress and Anisotropic coefficient are estimated from the Associated Flow Rule (AFR) and Non-Associated Flow Rule (NAFR). However, it is found that the criterion of Yld2000-2d is the most appropriate model in comparison with the experimental results.
Adhesion of gold particles to silicon and gold substrates in ultrahigh vacuum

By use of an ultracentrifuge, the force of adhesion between small gold spheres (2–8 μ in diameter) and the following types of substrates has been measured: (111) cleavage planes of silicon single crystals with or without a chemisorbed oxygen monolayer and, alternatively, cleavage planes covered with oxide layers 40 and 130 A thick. Further, instead of the silicon, gold substrates prepared in three different ways were used. The experiments were carried out at room temperature under ultrahigh vacuum (uhv) conditions. The experimentally determined forces are compared with the results of the theory of van der Waals interaction between extended solid bodies.
Effects of Alloying Elements on the Stability of ω-Fe Phase in Steel: A Density Functional Theory Study

Recent advances in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in respect of structural characterization down to atomic scale have enabled confirmation of stabilization of long ignored hexagonal omega (ω) phase in steel. The presence of ω phase is suggested to increase the strength of steel, and one of the factors concerning its stabilization is enrichment caused by the presence of certain solute atoms in the nanometer sized areas. Here, we report a density functional theory study conducted on a (3×3×2) ω –Fe supercell by introducing alloying elements in such a way that at a particular instant, either interstitial or substitutional C co-exist with any one of the elements Mn, Cr, Al, Si, and Co in substitutional position. From total energy calculations, we show that the cohesive energy of ω-Fe supercell increases in general, and the most stable combinations in the decreasing order of stability are Csub-Cr > Csub-Co > Csub-Si. Even though the ferromagnetic state is more stable when compared to non-magnetic and antiferromagnetic configurations, the total magnetism of the supercell decreases as some of the atoms acquire negative magnetic moments. The density of states analysis shows that the d-band width of Fe decreases in presence of alloying elements, and this can lead to increased cohesive energy. Our results elucidate that the presence of minor alloying elements can be a factor in stabilizing the metastable ω-phase in steel.
Study on Plan Magnetic Abrasive Finishing - Discussion on Processing Methods for Improving Flatness

Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) is a precision surface polishing method. At present, most studies on planar MAF are focused on improving the surface roughness accuracy and the uniformity of roughness. In practical applications, the initial surface of the work piece is not only a rough surface, but also a flat surface without a uniform height. While the traditional processing method improves the surface roughness accuracy, the original surface is basically unchanged. In this paper, a processing method is studied. According to the uneven distribution of magnetic brushes, the reasonable distribution of processing speed and processing time can finally achieve the purpose of improving the surface flatness. At the same time, this paper analyzes the non-uniform characteristics of the magnetic pole and the magnetic brush itself, and verifies the effectiveness of the processing method through experiments.
Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb Solder

Microstructures and tensile properties at 233 K, 300 K and 398 K of Sn-3.0 mass%Ag-0.5 mass%Cu (SAC305) and Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb solder were investigated by using miniature size specimens with 0.5 mm diameter, which can reproduce the microstructure of the real solder joint. In this study, three kinds of Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb solder (SAC305-6.0 mass%In-1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mass%Sb) were used. The microstructure of SAC305 consisted of a single crystal grain. On the other hand, the microstructures of Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb solder consisted of polycrystalline. The number of crystal grains per the cross section of SAC305-6.0In-1.0Sb was stably several tens or more. The tensile strength of Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb was improved approximately 2 times that of SAC305. Also, the variation in tensile strength of SAC305 at 233 K was large due to anisotropy of the crystal grain. In contrast, the variation in tensile strength of Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb at 233 K was lower than that of SAC305. In particular, that of SAC305-6.0In-1.0Sb was reduced to approximately a sixth of that of SAC305. It seems that the effect of anisotropy of the crystal grain is decreased by polycrystallization in SAC305-6.0In-1.0Sb.
Effect of Microstructure on Joint Strength of Fe/Al Resistance Spot Welding for Multi-Material Components

The effects of welding conditions such as the electrode type and welding current were investigated on the microstructure and joint strength of the resistance weld of A5052 and GA590. The reaction layer formed at the joint interface was inferred to consist of Fe-Al based intermetallic compounds (IMCs) which are FeAl, FeAl2, Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 by quantitative analysis. Although the thickness of the IMCs layer decreased from the center of the nugget towards the edge of it. When the DR type electrode was used, the cross tensile force became higher than those of the joints formed with the R type one. This is because the thickness of the reaction layer formed at the nugget end of A5052 was thin in the case of the DR type electrode. Also, it was found that cross tensile force increases when the thickness of the reaction layer is thin by multiple regression analysis.
Carbon‐ion implantation improves the tribological properties of CoCrMo alloy against ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene

Amorphous diamond‐like carbon (DLC) has drawn a great deal of attention for its superior wear properties against ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Its rate of wear, however, is not necessarily maintained within a specific range. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical features and tribological properties of three types of surfaces: (i) uncoated, (ii) carbon‐ion implantation (CII)‐treated, and (iii) DLC‐film‐coated substrate. The surface alterations were carried out on cobalt–chrome (CoCrMo) alloy by the plasma‐source ion implantation (PSII) method. The wear properties and friction coefficient were estimated by a pin‐on‐plate wear‐tester. We found, as a result, that the implanted carbon penetrated the substrates in which good adhesion was expected. Though the surface modifications by CII and DLC hardened the surfaces, the surface with DLC was also roughened (Ra = 39 nm). In contrast, the surface modified by CII had a very smooth surface (Ra = 15 nm) and low friction coefficient (ranging from 0.15 to 0.20), resulting in a low rate of wear. Our findings suggest that CII on the CoCrMo alloy/UHMWPE pair offers potential benefits as a hard coating for artificial total‐joint arthroplasty. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical Property and Heat Treatment Behaviour of Ti-Zr-Fe Alloys

The element of zirconium (Zr) belongs to the same group 4 as Ti in the periodic table. Therefore it possesses similar chemical properties. The Ti-Zr binary system forms a continuous solid solution for both high temperature β phase with the body centered cubic (BCC) structure and low temperature α phase with the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure throughout the entire range of composition. As is well known, on the other hand, the element of iron (Fe) is not only inevitable but also effective element in Ti.By incorporating Fe at the stage of alloy design, off-grade sponge titanium can be employed. Both elements seem to be effective in strengthening the titanium alloys. The purpose of this work was to prepare Ti-Zr-Fe alloys and then mechanical property and heat treatment behaviours were investigated as a fundamental research. Ti-x mass% Zr-1mass% Fe alloys (x=0, 5, 10) were melted in a laboratory-scale arc furnace under a high purity argon atmosphere from the sponge Ti, the sponge Zr and the Fe wire. The resulting ingots were hot forged and rolled at approximately 1120 K to obtain plates of approximately 2 mm in thickness. Well-mixed and homogeneous samples could be obtained, oxygen contaminations were less than 0.09 %. Solid solution of Zr into Ti was confirmed by the XRD peak shift in α phase. Vickers hardness and proof stress increased with Zr content. No remarkable changes could be observed in the microstructures after the solution treatment at 1173 K. However, Young’s modulus increased at x=10 by the treatment.
Proximal and Distal Parts of Sweetpotato Adventitious Roots Display Differences in Root Architecture, Lignin, and Starch Metabolism and Their Developmental Fates

Sweetpotato is an important food crop globally, serving as a rich source of carbohydrates, vitamins, fiber, and micronutrients. Sweetpotato yield depends on the modification of adventitious roots into storage roots. The underlying mechanism of this developmental switch is not fully understood. Interestingly, storage-root formation is manifested by formation of starch-accumulating parenchyma cells and bulking of the distal part of the root, while the proximal part does not show bulking. This system, where two parts of the same adventitious root display different developmental fates, was used by us in order to better characterize the anatomical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms involved in sweetpotato storage-root formation. We show that, as early as 1 and 2 weeks after planting, the proximal part of the root exhibited enhanced xylem development together with increased/massive lignin deposition, while, at the same time, the distal root part exhibited significantly elevated starch accumulation. In accordance with these developmental differences, the proximal root part exhibited up-regulated transcript levels of sweetpotato orthologs of Arabidopsis vascular-development regulators and key genes of lignin biosynthesis, while the distal part showed up-regulation of genes encoding enzymes of starch biosynthesis. All these recorded differences between proximal and distal root parts were further enhanced at 5 weeks after planting, when storage roots were formed at the distal part. Our results point to down-regulation of fiber formation and lignification, together with up-regulation of starch biosynthesis, as the main events underlying storage-root formation, marking/highlighting several genes as potential regulators, providing a valuable database of genes for further research.
A Cross-Cultural Study of Self-Defining Memories in Chinese and American College Students

Self-defining memories (SDMs) are touchstones in individuals’ narrative identity. This is the first SDM study to compare college students from the mainland People’s Republic of China (PRC) to American college students. It examined SDMs, Big Five personality traits, and memory function in 60 students from each country (n = 120). Participants rated their memories for affect, recall frequency, and importance. Chinese students recalled their most positively rated memories more frequently and with greater importance, while American students did not show this pattern. American students who scored higher in Openness were more likely to recall negative memories. Memory content coding revealed that Chinese students recalled significantly more guilt/shame events than American students. Further analysis indicated that these memories were particularly focused on academic performance and parental expectations. The discussion suggests that follow-up studies look at differing emotion regulation strategies in the two countries, as well as at how the two different educational systems are affecting late adolescent identity formation processes.
Elucidation of the Mechanism of Action of Ginseng Against Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by a Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex cascade that develops from acute lung injury (ALI). Ginseng can be used to treat ALI/ARDS. Studies have shown that some of ingredients in ginseng had anti-inflammation, antioxidative, and immune regulation effects and can protect alveolar epithelial cells in mice. However, the potential targets, biological processes, and pathways related to ginseng against ALI/ARDS have not been investigated systematically. We employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments to explore the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of action of ginseng against ALI/ARDS. We identified 25 compounds using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and their 410 putative targets through database analyses. Sixty-nine of them were considered to be key targets of ginseng against ALI/ARDS according to overlapping with ALI/ARDS-related targets and further screening in a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AkT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were recognized to have critical roles for ginseng in ALI/ARDS treatment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), MAPK1, and interleukin (IL) 2 were the top six nodes identified by analyses of a compound–target-pathway network. Molecular docking showed that most of the ingredients in ginseng could combine well with the six nodes. Ginseng could reduce the pathologic damage, neutrophil aggregation, proinflammatory factors, and pulmonary edema in vivo and inhibit the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway through downregulating expressions of STAT3, VEGFA, FGF2, PIK3CA, MAPK1, and IL2. Our study provides a theoretical basis for ginseng treatment of ALI/ARDS.
Automated Disengagement Tracking Within an Intelligent Tutoring System

This paper describes a new automated disengagement tracking system (DTS) that detects learners’ maladaptive behaviors, e.g. mind-wandering and impetuous responding, in an intelligent tutoring system (ITS), called AutoTutor. AutoTutor is a conversation-based intelligent tutoring system designed to help adult literacy learners improve their reading comprehension skills. Learners interact with two computer agents in natural language in 30 lessons focusing on word knowledge, sentence processing, text comprehension, and digital literacy. Each lesson has one to three dozen questions to assess and enhance learning. DTS automatically retrieves and aggregates a learner's response accuracies and time on the first three to five questions in a lesson, as a baseline performance for the lesson when they are presumably engaged, and then detects disengagement by observing if the learner's following performance significantly deviates from the baseline. DTS is computed with an unsupervised learning method and thus does not rely on any self-reports of disengagement. We analyzed the response time and accuracy of 252 adult literacy learners who completed lessons in AutoTutor. Our results show that items that the detector identified as the learner being disengaged had a performance accuracy of 18.5%, in contrast to 71.8% for engaged items. Moreover, the three post-test reading comprehension scores from Woodcock Johnson III, RISE, and RAPID had a significant association with the accuracy of engaged items, but not disengaged items.
News and Commercials: Binding Deficits for Complex Information in Schizophrenia

Memory for complex content is severely impaired in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, which might make processing of daily information such as news and commercials particularly challenging. The goal of the present study was to assess the impairment of everyday memory in patients with schizophrenia. Healthy controls (HC) and patients with schizophrenia (SZ) were asked to watch a selection of six news segments and six commercials and complete a recognition task on the content of these video clips. All participants completed a neuropsychological test battery comprising measures of attention, working and episodic memory, and executive function. The total number of correctly recognized items was significantly lower in the SZ group. In contrast, the number of false recognitions was alike in both news and commercials paradigm. We conclude that memory in patients with schizophrenia is more prone to omissions than distortions for complex everyday stimuli. The results offer further support for impaired binding in SZ patients. Memory in SZ suffices to reject false multi-feature items on grounds of identifying at least one feature as incorrect but does not suffice to recall all features of a complex item and affirm it as correct.
Exposure to One Antibiotic Leads to Acquisition of Resistance to Another Antibiotic via Quorum Sensing Mechanisms

The vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) have progressively become a severe medical problem. Although clinics have started to reduce vancomycin prescription, vancomycin resistance has not been contained. We found that the transfer of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis increased more than 30-fold upon treatment by streptomycin. Notably, treatment with an antibiotic caused the bacteria to become resistant to another. The response was even stronger in the well-studied plasmid pCF10 and the number of transconjugants increased about 100,000-fold. We tested four different antibiotics, and all of them induced conjugal response. Through a mathematical model based on gene regulation, we found a plausible explanation. Via quorum sensing, the change of the cell density triggers the conjugation. Moreover, we searched for generality and found a similar strategy in Bacillus subtilis. The outcome of the present study suggests that even common antibiotics must not be overused.