Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Arab Americans

(1) Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have a significant impact on reducing morbidity and mortality from infection. However, vaccine hesitancy remains an obstacle in combating the pandemic. The Arab American (AA) population is understudied; thus, we aimed to explore COVID-19 attitudes within this community. (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. An anonymous online survey was distributed to members of different AA associations and to the community through the snowball method. (3) Results: A total of 1746 participants completed the survey. A total of 92% of respondents reported having received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 73% reported willingness to receive a booster, and 72% plan to give their children the vaccine. On multivariate analysis, respondents were more likely to be vaccine-hesitant if they were hesitant about receiving any vaccine in general. They were less likely to be vaccine-hesitant if they were immigrants, over the age of 40, up to date on their general vaccination and if they believed that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective in preventing an infection. The belief that all vaccines are effective at preventing diseases was also associated with lower hesitancy. (4) Conclusions: This sample of AAs have higher vaccination rates and are more willing to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 when compared to the rest of the population. However, a reemergence of hesitancy might be arising towards the boosters.
MANAGEMENT OF CONGENITAL URINARY OBSTRUCTION IN NEWBORN CALVES

Congenital urinary tract obstruction is a developmental anomaly which may persist after birth in new born calves. To determine the occurrence of congenital urinary obstructionand to evaluate tube cystostomy for the management of congenital urinary obstruction inneonatal calves two studies were conducted. A retrospective study was performed toobserve the occurrence of congenital urinary obstruction in neonatal ruminants fromJanuary 2005 to November 2014. Occurrence of congenital urinary obstruction inneonatal calves was also studied in respect to age, sex, breed and season. During theperiod of 10 years, a total of 42 cases of congenital urinary obstruction were recorded,which constituted an incidence of 2.0%. In this study, maximum incidence was recordedin bovine is 38 (90%). Maximum number of cases (45%) of congenital urinaryobstruction in ruminants was recorded from March to June, July to October andNovember to February as 19 (45%), 9 (22%) and 14 (33%) respectively. Among affectedanimals, 31 were cross breed (74%) and 11 were local breed (26%). Number of affectedmales was 29 (69%) clearly ahead than affected female 13 (31%). In another study, tubecystostomy with infusion set was performed in eleven neonatal calves aged 1-6 days oldand observed for 1 month. Among 11 calves, 2 died due to severe infection andsepticemia and 2 calves needed repeated operation. Seven calves got uneventful recoveryand the cured animal showed satisfactory results. Overall successful rate was 63.6%. Theresults revealed that tube cystostomy seemed to be an effective method. In addition, thisstudy will help not only veterinarian to make them aware about the occurrence ofcongenital urinary obstruction but also to solve the problem by saving the life of neonatalcalves.
Perceived constraints and negotiation strategies by elderly tourists when visiting heritage sites

ABSTRACT This study examined the accessibility of heritage tourism sites for elderly tourists by applying the leisure constraint theory and universal design principles. Qualitative face-to-face interviews with 21 elderly tourists in Macao were conducted. Results revealed major barriers including feeling unsafe, extensive efforts required to use the facilities, feeling crowded, unclear and insufficient signage, and untidy public lavatories. Both protected aspects and supplemental facilities of these heritage sites lacked compliance with universal design principles. Confronted with these barriers, the elderly tourists had several different constraint negotiation strategies to reduce the constraining effects. This study offers a new perspective on accessible tourism within heritage sites by linking the concepts of constraint negotiation and universal design. Practical suggestions to destination planners of ways to enhance the accessibility of heritage facilities for post-COVID-19 usage are also offered.
Understanding SNAP Recipient Characteristics to Guide Equitable Expansion of Nutrition Incentive Programs in Diverse Food Retail Settings

Structural barriers, such as food costs, reduce access to healthy foods for populations with limited income, including those benefitting from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Nutrition incentive programs seek to address this barrier. Evaluations of SNAP-based incentive programming often focus on one setting (i.e., either farmers’ markets or grocery stores). We examined use patterns, characteristics, and preferences among 253 SNAP consumers with access to incentive programming at both a farmers’ market and a grocery store located within five miles of their home. Cross-sectional survey data were collected in 2019 in two Ohio cities. Despite geographic access, 45% of those surveyed were not using the incentive program; most non-users (80.5%) were unaware of the program. Program users compared to non-users had higher household incomes (p < 0.001) and knew more people using the program (p < 0.001). Grocery stores were the most common setting of use (59%); 29% used at farmers’ markets; 11% used in both settings. User characteristics varied by store setting based on demographics, program experience, fruit and vegetable purchasing and consumption patterns, and social dynamics related to use. Our findings support comprehensive awareness-raising efforts and tailored implementation of incentive programming that attends to diverse segments of SNAP consumers to promote equity in program reach.
Detection method for diel vertical migration pattern using 2D cross‐correlation with ADCP backscatter time‐series data

Diel vertical migration (DVM), which refers to the global daily migration of zooplankton and micronekton (hereafter ‘zooplankton’), serves an important function in oceanic ecosystems. DVM can be recognized as a variation in the sound scattering layer (SSL), but no standard exists for identifying SSLs, and no definition has been proposed to describe the basic features of DVM. Hence, a standardized DVM detection method is needed to report consistent results and efficiently compare the parameters over broad ocean areas and long time‐scales. We developed an automated, quantitative method for detecting DVM and identifying the characteristic parameters using 2D cross‐correlation. We established the DVM trajectory model with linear and sinusoidal parts featuring a specific height and width. The 2D cross‐correlation method was applied to acoustic echogram images of the volume backscattering strength (Sv, dB re 1 m−1) with a synthetic image made from the DVM trajectory model. From the cross‐correlation coefficients, we found the candidate lines exhibiting the strongest possibility of being DVM trajectories. We tested the DVM detection method on the acoustic echograms for 273 days, of which Sv was gathered by a bottom‐moored, upward‐looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). For each identified DVM trajectory, four quantitative parameters describing their spatial and temporal structures (the maximum and minimum depths and ascent and descent times) were determined, and the existence of multi‐layer was recognized. We confirmed that this method showed better performance than the prior method based on the weighted mean depth (WMD), and as a result of visual scrutiny inspection, our method showed 88% DVM detection performance. Our goal was to suggest a robust, quantitative, automated DVM detection method using 2D cross‐correlation. The method was successfully applied to detect DVM trajectories and define the characteristic parameters regardless of fluctuation or the multi‐layer structure due to its robustness and simple model. Analysing DVM behaviours across environments with this method could help reveal the significance of these behaviours in ocean environments.
Importance of Azolla plant in poultry production

SUMMARY Azolla (Azolla pinnata) is a heterosporous aquatic fern distributed all around the world. Azolla looks like other typical ferns that are green in colour however it looks more like duckweed or mosses, freely floating on the water surface. It can be used in animal and poultry feed as a protein source. Azolla has several pharmacological effects and can be used as antioxidant, immune-stimulating, hepato-protective, phytoremediation, bioremediation and also as nutritious material. Azolla contains vitamins (B12, beta carotene, vitamin A), biopolymers, minerals and amino acids. Azolla is rich in trace minerals and carotene. It looks to be potentially hepatoprotective drug against hepatotoxic substances. Its decoction (concentrated liquor of plant) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic characteristics, making it an attractive preventive and therapeutic drug against super hepatotoxicity. Moreover, laying geese fed Azolla-based diets enhanced their FCR, overall performance, performance index, egg weight, egg production, egg shape index, and yolk colour. Thus, the goal of this explorative study was to learn more about the health advantages of Azolla, as well as to Azolla pinnata’s potential should be made known to scientists, veterinarians, and poultry nutritionists in order to boost chicken productivity.
Fabrication and characterization of cMUTs for forward looking intravascular ultrasound imaging

We have fabricated ring annular capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (cMUT) arrays for forward looking IVUS operation in the 10 to 20MHz range with a maximum process temperature of 250/spl deg/C. Our process uses a low stress plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon nitride membrane and provides localized sealing. The process is demonstrated on both silicon and dielectric substrates showing the potential for post-CMOS electronics integration and optical detection techniques while providing test arrays with significantly reduced parasitic capacitance. Arrays of 64 and 32 elements with approximately 1mm diameter have been fabricated. Measured pulse echo response in oil show that the cMUT has more than 70% fractional bandwidth around 15MHz, which is suitable for IVUS. Initial imaging results of an ultrasound source using a 16 element receive-only array are presented.
When can cropping rate compensate for increased vigilance?

Herbivores use vigilance to reduce predation risk and interact socially, yet it imposes a foraging efficiency cost. As individuals spend more time with their head up being vigilant, time available to search for and ingest food decreases. We explored whether ungulates can strategically modify behaviours to compensate for vigilance costs via increased cropping rate when food searching time was near-zero and bite sizes were small. We compared the proportion of time individuals had their head up to their cropping rate (bites/observation length) in 271 observations of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti). Using a linear mixed-effect model, we estimated the head up–cropping rate relationship and found that elk cropping rate was constant across varying lengths of time spent with their head up, indicating no vigilance compensation occurred via increased cropping rate. We discuss settings when cropping rate compensation is expected and other behaviours that might mitigate vigilance costs.
Distribution of common bacterial blight and anthracnose diseases and factors influencing epidemic development in major common bean growing areas in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Common bean is an important legume consumed as a source of food and used as a cash crop worldwide. However, its production and productivity are mainly constrained by bacterial and fungal diseases. A field survey was conducted to determine the prevalence, incidence, severity and association of factors influencing common bacterial blight (CBB) and anthracnose epidemics in major bean growing areas of Ethiopia, during 2019. In three regions within six zones from 12 districts, a total of 180 common bean fields were assessed for CBB and anthracnose. The results revealed that CBB and anthracnose were 100% prevalent though CBB was more severe than anthracnose. The logistic regression model showed CBB and anthracnose components were significantly associated with biophysical factors. High CBB incidence (>70%) at Ambo, Arsi-Negele and Shashemene-zuriya and high severity (>30%) at Ambo, Boricha and Shahsemene-zuriya were strongly associated with sole cropping, July sowing, poor weeding practices, maturity stage and own saved seeds. Anthracnose incidence of >50% and severity of >30% had high probabilities of associations with zones, sole cropping, own saved seeds, variety, poor weeding practices and maturity stages. The study indicated that CBB and anthracnose are severe and 100% prevalent in Ethiopia, and efforts should be done towards the usage of clean seeds, weeding practices, following appropriate sowing dates and other appropriate agronomic practices to manage the diseases.
A novel joint sparse regularization model to structural damage identification by the generalized fused lasso penalty

The sparse regularization (SReg) model is widely used for structural damage identification by employing the sparsity peculiarity of the structural damage. The conventional SReg model often separately conducts damage identification on each measurement, while ignores the utilization of the similarity information among different measurements. In this paper, we propose a novel joint sparse regularization model for structural damage identification. In detail, combined with the sparsity of the structural damage by the conventional SReg model, our model employs the similarity of different measurements to further improve the damage identification performance, which is realized by the generalized fused lasso penalty. Numerical simulations on the six-bay planar truss structure and experimental studies on the cantilever beam structure illustrate that the damage identification accuracy of our model is promoted 3.59% and 20.75% than the conventional SReg one, respectively.
Conceptual structure of self-curiosity in Japan

Abstract Recently, self-curiosity has attracted scholarly attention as a crucial factor in psychological tests and therapy processes. To measure individuals’ degree of self-curiosity, researchers developed the self-curiosity attitude–interest (SCAI) scale; it originated in Italy and has been applied across cultures. This study investigates whether the original SCAI scale can be adapted in Japan and explores the characteristics of the structure of self-curiosity in Japan. Data from 257 undergraduate students were collected through a website, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The original 7-item version of the scale exhibited a poor fit. Therefore, nine new items were added to the statements included in the original scale, and the 16 resulting items were employed to investigate the structure of self-curiosity in Japan. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the Japanese version of the SCAI scale (SCAI-J) comprises seven new items and follows the two-factor structure (i.e., attitude and interest) of the original SCAI scale. In terms of construct validity, the SCAI-J scale produced significant correlations with the Japanese versions of the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Rumination–Reflection Questionnaire as well as the short form of the Japanese Big-Five scale. These results suggest that self-curiosity is a common concept despite the differences among European, Central American and Asian cultures.
Understanding the Interaction between Regulatory Focus and Message Framing in Determining Chinese Consumers’ Attitudes toward Artificial Meat

While production and consumption of meat cast a shadow over the prospects for sustainable development, artificial meat may be the solution. However, consumer acceptability of artificial meat is a major impediment to its use as a suitable alternative. This study analyzed the relationship between regulatory focus and consumer acceptance of artificial meat using randomized controlled trial data. Results showed that promotion focus results in a higher acceptance of artificial meat products due to a higher perceived benefit and lower perceived risk, whereas prevention focus results in a lower acceptance of artificial meat products due to perceived benefit being lower and perceived risk being higher. The moderating effect of the message framing was investigated employing structural equation modeling (SEM). It was discovered that a gain-oriented message framing could greatly strengthen the association between promotion focus and perceived benefit, whereas an avoidance-oriented message framing could significantly diminish the relationship between prevention focus and perceived risk. This study has crucial implications for how policymakers and industries communicate with consumers about artificial meat.
COMPUTER-BASED PERSONALITY JUDGMENTS FROM DIGITAL FOOTPRINTS: THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS IN POLITICS

Accurately forming personality judgments is of vital importance in a wide range of social interactions. Although people are able to make fairly accurate personality judgments of others, recent technological advances in machine learning made computers better at predicting personality than humans. In this review, we will focus on computer-based personality judgments and their theoretical considerations and practical implications in politics. More precisely, we will discuss (i) the use of social platforms and digital devices in collecting so-called digital footprints, (ii) personality traits that are assessed based on digital footprints, (iii) advantages and disadvantages of using computer-based personality judgments, (iv) persuasive communication based on digital footprints of personality traits, and lastly, (v) the matters of privacy and informed consent. With this review, we aim to provide a guide how to use computer-based personality judgment in a way to serve the public interest.
The application of response surface methodology and Design Expert® for analysis of ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solution using raw rice husk: kinetic and isotherm studies

Antibiotics are critical pollutants that have a major threat to human health and have been reported in many water sources worldwide. The present study reports the usage of raw rice husk (RRH) that is capable of adsorbing ciprofloxacin (CPX) from aqueous solution. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the sorption process. Four adsorption variables (pH, Time, initial concentrations and adsorbent dosage) were investig ated and a quadratic model was developed for the CPX removal percentage. The low prediction error of 1.963 indicates the high prognostic ability of RSM. High regression coefficient ( R 2 = 0.9910) and the predicted ( R 2 of 0.9521) is in acceptable agreement with the adjusted ( R 2 of 0.9826); that is, the difference is less than 0.2, which supports the model significance. Batch experiments were also analyzed to understand the process isothermal, thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics. Characterization of RRH was done using scanning elec tron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and point of zero charge. The results showed that the process followed Langmuir isotherm and Elovich kinetics. The thermodynamic coefficients suggested that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
Design of a low-cost wireless NIRS system withembedded Linux and a smartphone interface

Dias, Diogo. M.S.B.M. E, Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, 2015. Design of a low-cost wireless NIRS system with embedded Linux and a smartphone interface. Wireless near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) systems can help to reduce movement artifacts, and distraction due cables. Utilizing Embedded Linux (EL) can reduce size, development time, cost of a project and allow portability. The goal of this project is to develop a low-cost wireless small-sized NIRS system using EL and a Smartphone as the interface. This was achieved using a BeagleBone Black (BBB) with a deployed custom EL that: (1) controls two sources, (2) receives data from photodetectors (PDs), (3) processes, stores and transmits data via Bluetooth to an Android Smartphone. This device was implemented in under US$150 and its dimension was 9x5.5x4 cm. This is considerably cheaper and smaller than most of commercial NIRS systems. It can be applied in functional NIRS research and home care. More importantly our novel implementation of EL in NIRS will open up opportunities to further develop instrumentation using the modular nature of the Linux.
How Does Information Technology Capability Enable Digital Transformation? Considering the Mediating Roles of Agility

In turbulent business environments, the survival of firms hinges on their ability to speedily sense and react to environmental changes, which in turn leads to superior competitive positioning and improved firm performance. With the rapid development of digital technologies – such as social media platforms, smart mobile phones, cloud computing, and big data analytics – business and IT leaders are constantly exploring new opportunities that harness advances in digital technologies to transform their firms. In this paper, we investigate this phenomenon, which we call digital transformation. We draw on the organizational agility literature, IT capabilities literature, and the dynamic capabilities theory. Based on the dynamic capabilities theory and the hierarchy of capabilities, we distinguish between two types of processes: capability-building and competitive-action-generating processes. We propose that IT capability, a low-order capability, enables the higher-order capability of organizational agility, which in turn enables the firm to transform its products, processes, or business models radically. Our model also considers the important impact of leadership style on both capability-building and competitive-action-generating processes. More precisely, we argue that the process of successfully developing higher-order capabilities from lower-order capabilities is moderated by the presence of aligned transformational leadership. This paper contributes to the academic literature on IT and business strategy by determining why business organizations pursue and how they can achieve digitally enabled business transformations. Our theory extends the adopted overarching theory, the dynamic capabilities theory, by considering the influence of leadership style on both capability-building and competitive-action-generating processes. The paper provides important practical insights for business and IT leaders regarding how to build and utilize IT capabilities to generate competitive actions that contribute to success in turbulent business environments.