Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heart size and mean muscle fibre cross-sectional area related to birth weight in pigs

One of the aims in domestic pig breeding has been to increase the size of litters resulting in variation in birth weight of piglets. Pig breeding has also resulted in increased body muscle mass. Muscles with the same size can consist either of large number of thin muscle fibres or small number of thick muscle fibres. Larger body muscle content means that in living animal the heart must pump blood to larger muscle mass than earlier. Our interest in this study was to investigate the relationship between the pig’s birth weight and (i) growth performance and carcass composition, (ii) the size of organs, and (iii) the mean muscle fibre cross-sectional area at slaughter. The study consisted of twenty pigs slaughtered at the age of 165±2 days. The day after the slaughter, the carcass composition was determined by dissecting the chilled carcass into lean, fat, bones, and skin and organs were weighed. The average cross sectional area of muscle fibres was determined from three fast-twitch muscles longissimus dorsi, semimembranosus, gluteus superficialis, and two slow-twitch muscles infraspinatus and masseter. The birth weight of pigs ranged from 0.9 to 2.2 kg. We found no clear relationships between the birth weight and the pig’s growth performance from birth to slaughter. When the birth weight increased the heart weight at slaughter increased as well (P < 0.01). The heart weight was higher in those pigs with high carcass weight (P < 0.05) and with the high weight of total muscle mass in the carcass (P < 0.001). The cross sectional area of muscle fibres in M. longissimus dorsi (P < 0.05), M. semimembranosus (P < 0.10), and M. gluteus superficialis (P < 0.05) was larger in those pigs with low birth weight compared to those found in pigs with high birth weight.
Plant‐species richness and extinction on isolated dunes along the rocky coast of northwestern Spain

Data on distribution and abundance of rare plant species on isolated coastal dunes along the rocky coast of northwestern Spain were compared with the local floristic literature in order to reconstruct past distribution and local extinction of species. Species extinction was not confined to species with a narrow distribution but also included widely distributed ones. Moreover, there was no evidence of colonization. Species number was related to beach and dune area, but species differed in the minimum area required for occurrence. The largest dune reserve possible would probably be insufficient to avoid further extinctions, so also small areas containing particular species should be preserved. There was no significant relationship between abundance of species in the local dune communities and their total distribution, and there were few satellite species. The former might be attributed to low fertility and habitat diversity.
USABLE-SECURITY ASSESSMENT THROUGH A DECISION MAKING PROCEDURE

Security has always been a vital research topic since the birth of software. A great deal of research has been conducted to determine the ways for identifying and classifying the security issues or goals. Unfortunately, the highly secure design of software becomes worthless because the usability of services is very low. Furthermore, usable-security is in much demand due to high investment in recent years. To improve the usability of security services, there is a need to focus on usability along with security. Usable-security attributes have their own impact while integrating security, usability, and assessment of usable-security plays a crucial role during software development. Within this context, this paper estimates the usable-security of the two alternatives versions of the software called version 1 and version 2. To assess the usable-security, authors are using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) methodology. In addition, the impact of the security on usability and impact of the usability on security are evaluated quantitatively.
Discrimination, Narratives, and Family History: An Experiment with Jordanian Host and Syrian Refugee Children

Abstract We measure the prevalence of discrimination between Jordanian host and Syrian refugee children attending school in Jordan. Using a simple sharing experiment, we find only a small degree of out-group discrimination. However, Jordanian children with Palestinian roots do not discriminate at all, suggesting that a family history of refugee status can generate solidarity with new refugees. We also find that parents’ narratives about the refugee crisis are correlated with their children's degree of out-group discrimination, particularly among Syrian refugee children, suggesting that discriminatory preferences are being transmitted through parental attitudes.
Complex Project Management: Using Complexity and Volatility to Guide Hybrid Methodological Practices

Organisations must adapt to their changing business environment to remain profitable, competitive and able to meet their strategic goals, with projects often the instruments used to do so. A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result” with project management (PM) “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements” (Project Management Institute, 2013), usually combined in specific PM methodologies. With organisational problems of increasing complexity and volatility, there is a growing recognition that better PM methodologies should be developed to deal with these characteristics (Theocharis et al., 2015), and that PM should be seen as a form of complex problem solving (Ahern, Leavy, and Byrne, 2014).
Masters Thesis: Modeling the Austenite Ferrite Transformation by Cellular Automaton

A three-dimensional mixed-mode cellular automaton model [C. Bos, M. G. Mecozzi, and J. Sietsma. Computational Materials Science 48.3 (2010): 692-699] for the austenite to ferrite transformation in low-carbon steel has been analyzed and improved. A comparison between the new and conventional model has been made and the improvements found are significant. Grain boundary growth is based on diffusion of carbon atoms and determined by the local density of carbon. A higher grain boundary carbon diffusion coefficient is applied. The conventional grain growth model has been revised and stabilized. Real dilatometry tests have been used to mirror the transformation behaviour of the model with reality. For a onedimensional model it has been shown that the space-discretizing cellular automaton model converges to the space-continuous method of Murray-Landis. Master of Science Thesis M.M. Mul
A Survey on Reputation Systems and Social Network Based Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Systems

: Today Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications are widely available and it has millions of users. Due to the open nature of the P2P environment, P2P file sharing systems are prone to have selfish and misbehaving nodes, it causes many attacks like free riding, he-said-she-said attack etc. The reputation systems can reduce these attacks due to its incentive behavior. This survey studied some traditional reputation management systems in P2P and also analyzes some social network based P2P systems. From the survey we concluded that every reputation systems have high reputation cost in the case of large-scale P2P. It causes some problems like service delay, reducing download rate etc. To overcome these drawbacks, there are some researchers proposes a SocialTrust, it is a social network based reputation management system. SocialTrust consider a social network to P2P file sharing. SocialTrust consist of a friendship network and partnership network, so a peer can select a reliable server from these networks directly, then it reduces reputation querying cost. Hence SocialTrust can provide efficient reputation management system for P2P file sharing.
Translating from Unfair to Fair Embeddings

Machine learning researchers often think of images as continuous data and language as discrete data with tokens representing lookup indices into an embedding table. However, in the social media industry, images are often user data associated with an embedding at upload time (e.g. from a pre-trained vision network). Data pipelines treat those images as discrete data with PhotoId acting as a lookup index. Like in natural language processing, downstream tasks do not require knowledge of how an embedding was generated.
Discovering Succinct Pattern Sets Expressing Co-Occurrence and Mutual Exclusivity

Pattern mining is one of the core topics of data mining. We consider the problem of mining a succinct set of patterns that together explain the data in terms of mutual exclusivity and co-occurence. That is, we extend the traditional pattern languages beyond conjunctions, enabling us to capture more complex relationships, such as replacable sub-components or antagonists in biological pathways. We formally define this problem in terms of the Minimum Description Length principle, by which we identify the best set of patterns as the one that most succinctly describes the data. To avoid spurious results---in sparse data mutual exclusivity is likely just due to chance---we propose an efficient statistical test for K-ary mutual exclusivity. As the search space for the optimal model is enormous and unstructured, we propose Mexican, a heuristic algorithm to efficiently discover high quality sets of patterns of co-occurences and mutual exclusivity. Through extensive experiments we show that Mexican recovers the ground truth on synthetic data, and meaningful results on real-world data. Both in stark contrast to the state of the art, that result in millions of spurious patterns.
The Impact of a Social Justice-Oriented Mindfulness Practice on the Self-Efficacy of an Early Childhood Montessori Teacher

The purpose of this action research was to explore how a social justice-oriented mindfulness practice would impact the self-efficacy of an early childhood educator. This self-study, with the researcher as the sole participant, took place over a six-week period while the researcher was working in a private Montessori school in the Northeastern United States in a classroom of 20 students aged 3-5. The intervention included breathwork; both walking and seated meditation paired with articles, essays, interviews, and poetry relevant to social justice; meditation; and mindfulness. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through reflective journaling, a record of feelings scale, an attitude scale, and a preand post-intervention survey. While the data did not reflect any substantial impact with regards to teacher self-efficacy, the study was transformative in many ways. The intervention resulted in a deeper understanding of social inequities and a heightened sense of self-reflection. A more focused and comprehensive selection of content relevant to equity in the educational setting would likely have allowed for a more guided learning experience. Additionally, community organized events and workshops relevant to this work could play a crucial role in encouraging the need and responsibility to take action in establishing more equitable schools.
Prevalence, abundance, and distribution of Lepeoptheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) and Caligus elongatus (Nordmann, 1832) on wild sea trout Salmo trutta L.

Urquhart, K. , Pert, C. C. , Kilburn, R. , Fryer, R. J., and Bricknell, I. R. 2008. Prevalence, abundance, and distribution of Lepeoptheirus salmonis (Kroyer, 1837) and Caligus elongatus (Nordmann, 1832) on wild sea trout Salmo trutta L. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 171-173.Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer, 1837) and Caligus elongatus (Nordmann, 1832) were found on 100% and 90%, respectively, of 30 wild sea trout from the east coast of Scotland. Mean abundances of the same two sea lice were 7.8 and 7.7, respectively. The distribution of the two species of sea louse differed, however, with a greater proportion of L. salmonis in the posterior and anterior dorsal regions, and a greater proportion of C. elongatus in the caudal and posterior ventral regions.
How anatomical and morphological characteristics affect the flexural properties of two angiosperm species at the sapling stage

The sapling stage is an important phase due to maintaining plant growth, stability, and survival over the life cycle of trees. However, there are limited investigations in the literature related to both growth and stability of different tree species. This study thus investigated how different tree species at the sapling stage showed different anatomical, morphological, and flexural traits despite being of similar age and growing under the same environmental conditions. The variation of sapling properties was determined in two deciduous tree species: common oak (Quercus robur L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). The results of anatomical and morphological measurements showed that the highest average values of ray length, ray width, pith radius, pith%, bark%, and node numbers were obtained in oak saplings, whereas average ring width, number of rays, and wood% were found to be higher in beech saplings. Oak also exhibited better functional stability in its saplings. The flexural properties were almost 60% greater in oak stems than beech stems. The variations in flexural properties were explained by the morphological and anatomical traits since stability was positively correlated with pith radius, pith%, and bark% and negatively correlated with the number of rays and wood%.
Diversity analysis of Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight of rice in India

Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) causes severe loss in the production of rice in India. Twenty five (25) isolates were collected from different parts of India. Morphological and cultural characters were investigated, on the basis of colony colour, growth pattern, hyphal width, colony growth, formation of sclerotia, size of sclerotia, diameter and number of sclerotia. Pathogenic variability was studied on highly susceptible cultivar Pusa Basmati-1 and isolates were classified into two major groups that is, highly virulent and virulent. Genetic variability of R. solani was also analyzed using 10 RAPD markers and on the basis of Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, 4 major clusters were formed. The range of genetic similarity varied from 17 - 77%. Maximum similarity (77%) was found between two isolates (RS-14 and RS-15) both from Kerala whereas, lowest similarity (17%) was observed between RS-22 (Delhi) and RS-4 (Punjab). Isolates from same geographical regions showed similarity in DNA profiles except few isolates from Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. Isolates were classified based on morphological, cultural characters and some isolates were identified as highly virulent and virulent. Key words: Rice, sheath blight, Rhizoctonia solani, cultural, pathogenic, molecular, variability.
Unveiling the Hierarchical Structure of Music by Multi-Resolution Community Detection

Human perception of musical structure is supposed to depend on the generation of hierarchies, which is inherently related to the actual organisation of sounds in music. Musical structures are indeed best retained by listeners when they form hierarchical patterns, with consequent implications on the appreciation of music and its performance. The automatic detection of musical structure in audio recordings is one of the most challenging problems in the field of music information retrieval, since even human experts tend to disagree on the structural decomposition of a piece of music. However, most of the current music segmentation algorithms in literature can only produce flat segmentations, meaning that they cannot segment music at different levels in order to reveal its hierarchical structure. We propose a novel methodology for the hierarchical analysis of music structure that is based on graph theory and multi-resolution community detection. This unsupervised method can perform both the tasks of boundary detection and structural grouping, without the need of particular constraints that would limit the resulting segmentation. To evaluate our approach, we designed an experiment that allowed us to compare its segmentation performance with that of the current state of the art algorithms for hierarchical segmentation. Our results indicate that the proposed methodology can achieve state of the art performance on a well-known benchmark dataset, thus providing a deeper analysis of musical structure.
Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy in the characterization of the void space of natural stones

The void space characteristics of porous materials – such as porosity, void size distribution, geometry, connectivity of voids, specific surface of the material etc. – have a strong influence on their physical properties. Some of these parameters can only be accurately investigated by means of direct, microscopy techniques. The Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) is one of the few methods that provide the possibility of three dimensional imaging of the void space by means of serial optical sections and – completed with digital image processing – allow quantitative measurements, as well. In this work we investigated the use of CLSM for the characterisation of low porosity, crystalline natural stones and for the monitoring of the evolution of their void space during artificial weathering by means of salt crystallisation. Based on our experience, the CLSM is a suitable method for the observation and description of the void space of porous materials but the quantification is largely influenced by the measurement conditions and, because of the relatively low resolution, the microporosity of natural stones cannot be detected. Rövid, lényegre törő összefoglalás, maximálisan 15 sor terjedelemben.
The Mediating Role of Empowerment on the Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Innovation Performance

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine organizational cultures and innovation performance mediating effect of empowerment by examining a set of manufacturing firms. Methodology: The research data was collected via questionnaire from 821 employees and different levels of managers in 85 manufacturing companies. In this study questionnaire form was used as data collection method. Findings: The findings show that there is a significant relationship between different organizational cultures features empowerment and innovation performance. It is also found that only adhocracy culture directly supports innovation performance and it is determined as the most important predictor of innovation performance. Practical Implications: Empowerment full mediate the effects of clan, hierarchy and market culture that support innovation performance. The findings indicate that not only adhocracy culture but olsa other organizational cultures (clan, hierarchy and market) support innovation performance when empowered their employees. Originality: This paper is aimed to provide not only theoretical study but also practical results This study has shown that innovative performance in different organizational cultures can be achieved.
Differentially Private Two-Party Set Operations

Private set intersection (PSI) allows two parties to compute the intersection of their data without revealing the data they possess that is outside of the intersection. However, in many cases of joint data analysis, the intersection is also sensitive. We define differentially private set intersection and we propose new protocols using (leveled) homomorphic encryption where the result is differentially private. Our circuit-based approach has an adaptability that allows us to achieve differential privacy, as well as to compute predicates over the intersection such as cardinality. Furthermore, our protocol produces differentially private output for set intersection and set intersection cardinality that is optimal in terms of communication and computation complexity. For a client set of size $m$ and a server set of size $n$, where $m$ is smaller than $n$, our communication complexity is $O(m)$ while previous circuit-based protocols only achieve $O(n+m)$ communication complexity. In addition to our asymptotic optimizations which include new analysis for using nested cuckoo hashing for PSI, we demonstrate the practicality of our protocol through an implementation that shows the feasibility of computing the differentially private intersection for large data sets containing millions of elements.
Ice accretion modelling due to freezing rain using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

Freezing rain consists of raindrops that become supercooled while passing through a sub-freezing layer of air. When these drops impact a surface at a sub-zero temperature, they partially freeze. The resulting ice can accumulate to a thickness of many centimetres during severe freezing rain events called ice storms. Although ice storms are not violent, they often cause power outages and tree damage because of the weight of the ice accretions and wind-on-ice loads. In addition, the shape of ice accretions may alter the aerodynamics of transmission lines and bridge cables, causing large amplitude vibrations called galloping. Finally, pieces of ice falling from structures such as overhead transmission lines, wind turbines and telecommunication masts can cause serious injuries and property damage. Ice accretion is a complex phenomenon involving 3D multi-phase flow, heat transfer, and gravitational, viscous and shear forces. An ability to predict how ice accretes on engineering structures is essential to the prediction and mitigation of its associated aerodynamic penalties. Over the years a number of numerical models of varying complexity have have developed to simulate ice accretions on surfaces exposed to freezing rain precipitation, Szilder [1] for example. In the present work, the authors have extended the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method to simulate water drop freezing as well as the ice accretion process. A weakly compressible SPH is addopted based on Fraser et al.[2-4]. Surface tension has been added to the code according to Akinci et al. [5]. An advanced particle shifting algorithm and smoothing length update is introduced that is required due to the extensive splashing and subsequent fluid dilatation associated with rain drop impact. The SPH code is developed using CUDA Fortran [6] and allows large numbers of rain drops to be simulated in under 15 minutes of calculation time. Drop freezing is included by considering heat transfer in the liquid coupled with a simple water frezing algorithm. The authors start by validating the code for single rain drop impacts on a dry surface, verify the drop heat transfer, and then carry out multi-drop freeezing rain simulations.