Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Spatial Zonation Schemes on Yield Potential Estimates at the Regional Scale

Simulations based on site-specific crop growth models have been widely used to obtain regional yield potential estimates for food security assessments at the regional scale. By dividing a region into nonoverlapping basic spatial units using appropriate zonation schemes, the data required to run a crop growth model can be reduced, thereby improving the simulation efficiency. In this study, we explored the impacts of different zonation schemes on estimating the regional yield potential of the Chinese winter wheat area to obtain the most appropriate spatial zonation scheme of weather sites therein. Our simulated results suggest that the upscaled site-specific yield potential is affected by the zonation scheme and by the spatial distribution of sites. As such, the distribution of a small number of sites significantly affected the simulated regional yield potential under different zonation schemes, and the zonation scheme based on sunshine duration clustering zones could effectively guarantee the simulation accuracy at the regional scale. Using the most influential environmental variable of crop growth models for clustering can get the better zonation scheme to upscale the site-specific simulation results. In contrast, a large number of sites had little effect on the regional yield potential simulation results under the different zonation schemes.
Contribution to the bryological flora of Argentina. II. Rhodobryum (Bryaceae)

Abstract Rhodobryum (Schimp.) Limpr. is studied for Argentina, based on herbarium specimens and on specimens collected during field expeditions from 2005 to 2008. Two species are recognized for the Argentinian bryological flora. Rhodobryum beyrichianum (Hornsch.) Müll. Hal. is widely distributed in the mountainous areas of northern Argentina and is a new record for the provinces of Corrientes, Tucumán and Salta. Rhodobryum subverticillatum Broth. is reported for the first time for Argentina; it occurs in Jujuy and Salta provinces. Rhodobryum roseolum (Müll. Hal.) Paris, known from a single Argentinian specimen, is excluded from the flora and synonymized with R. beyrichianum. Rhodobryum aubertii (Schwägr.) Brid. and R. roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. are excluded from the bryoflora of Argentina. The status of R. platense (Müll. Hal.) Paris remains obscure; it possibly is not a species of Rhodobryum. Key, descriptions, illustrations, SEM photographs and distribution maps are provided, and habitat ecology and the distribution in Argentina and total distribution are given. Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. is recorded first time for Bolivia and Peru. Rhodobryum dentatum (Ochi) T. J. Kop. & Fuertes is a new combination and lectotype is selected for Bryum hieronymi Müll. Hal.
Two-stage Glass Molding of Aspheric Lens

The glass molding has recently emerged as a promising way to mass-produce aspheric lens but has low molding accuracy. This study proposed a novel two-stage glass molding technology on the basis of the best-fitting sphere theory to improve the molding accuracy of aspheric lenses. A method of profile deviation prediction for the two-stage glass molding of aspheric lens was established on the basis of the finite element theory. Moreover, the influence of the two-stage molding temperature on profile deviation was discussed. Finally, the proposed two-stage glass molding technology was compared with the traditional glass molding process. Results demonstrate that the radius of the best-fitting sphere is 3.313 mm by fitting through the least squares method. When the molding temperature in the first stage is higher than that of the second stage, the molding accuracy of the aspheric lens is improved. Compared with the method of one-stage glass molding, the method of two-stage glass molding decreases the maximum profile deviation of the aspheric surface from 1.32 μm to 0.83 μm. The service life of the aspheric mold is prolonged because most of the deformations required for glass molding are completed by the spherical mold. This study can provide references to improve the molding accuracy and reduce the production costs of the glass molding of aspheric lens.
Targeting αvβ3 and α5β1 for gene delivery to proliferating VSMCs: synergistic effect of TGF-β1

TGF-beta1 levels increase after vascular injury and promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. We define a nonviral gene delivery system that targets alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrins that are expressed on proliferating VSMCs and strongly induced by TGF-beta1. A 15-amino acid RGDNP-containing peptide from American Pit Viper venom was linked to a Lys(16) peptide as vector (molossin vector) and complexed with Lipofectamine or fusogenic peptide for delivery of luciferase or beta-galactosidase reporter genes to primary cultures of human, rabbit, and rat VSMCs. Preincubation of VSMCs with TGF-beta1 for 24 h, but not with PDGF-BB, interferon-gamma, TNF-alpha, nor PMA, increased alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 expressions on VSMCs and enhanced gene delivery of molossin vector. Thus beta-galactosidase activity increased from 35 +/- 5% (controls) to 75 +/- 5% after TGF-beta1 treatment, and luciferase activity increased fourfold over control values. Potential use of this system in vessel bypass surgery was examined in an ex vivo rat aortic organ culture model after endothelial damage. Molossin vector system delivered beta-galactosidase to VSMCs in the vessel wall that remained for up to 12 days posttransfection. The molossin vector system, when combined with TGF-beta1, enhances gene delivery to proliferating VSMCs and might have clinical applications for certain vasculoproliferative diseases.
Effect of the inclusion of fish residue oils in diets on the fatty acid profile of muscles of males and females lambari (Astyanax altiparanae)

This study evaluated the effects of two lipids sources of fish residue (tilapia and salmon) compared with a vegetable oil source (soybean oil) on the fatty acid profiles of male and female lambari. This experiment was developed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, totaling 6 treatments resulting from the combination of the three experimental diets for both sexes, with four replications for each treatment. This study involved 120 male (2.58±0.13 g) and 72 female lambari (4.00±0.09 g), fed the experimental diets twice a day until apparent satiation for a period of 60 days. Oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic fatty acids were found at higher concentrations in all experimental oils and diets, as well in the muscle of male and female lambari. The low amounts of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the experimental diets and subsequent greater concentrations in muscle tissue, suggested that lambari are able to desaturate and elongate the chain of fatty acids with 18 carbons. The fish of both sexes that received the diet with soybean oil showed high levels of n-6 fatty acids, especially of C18: 2n-6 and low levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. The diet with salmon residue oil promoted higher levels of fatty acids of the n-3 series and resulted in the best n-3/n-6 ratio in the muscle of male and female lambari. The oils from fish residues can be a substitute for traditional fish oil and its use in the lambari diets does not impair its growth.
Role of glutamate availability on cadmium induced changes of nitrogen and glutamate in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicon)

Abstract Maximal glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) activity and free aminoacid accumulation occur together in the leaves and roots. GS and specific GS activities although declining in the stressed leaves. In the other hand, the decrease of GS activity in the roots is contrarily accompanied by an increase in specific GS activity in roots in treated plants. Maximal GS activity is correlated with the peak degradation of the free aminoacid and protein in the two organs. Western blots analysis from Cd treated plants shows a decrease in chloroplastic GS (GS2) and an increase in cytosolic GS (GS1) proteins. In the roots, free ami- noacids accumulated as NADH—dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT, EC 2.6.1.5.3) and specific activities increase. Maximal leaf NADH—GOGAT activity occurs simultaneously with maximal leaf aminating glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH, EC 1.4.1.2) activity.
Using sap flow data to assess variations in water use and water status of apple orchards of varying age groups in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

No accurate quantitative information currently exists on how water use of apple (Malus domestica) orchards varies from planting to full-bearing age, leading to poor irrigation and water allocation decision making. This study sought to address this knowledge gap by investigating how the water use and tree water status vary with canopy cover, cultivar, and climatic conditions in 12 orchards growing in prime apple-producing regions in South Africa. The orchards were planted to the Golden Delicious/Golden Delicious Reinders cultivars which are widely planted in South Africa and the Cripps’ Pink/Cripps’ Red/Rosy Glow which are high-value late-season cultivars. The performance of two transpiration reduction coefficients, one based on sap flow (Ksf) and the other based on soil water depletion (Ks) (FAO approach) were evaluated against the midday stem water potential (MSWP) in all the orchards. While canopy cover had a clear effect on the whole-tree sap flow rates, there were no significant differences in the transpiration per unit leaf area among the cultivars. The daily average sap flux density under unstressed conditions was highest (~284 cm3∙cm-2) in the medium canopy cover orchards (30–44% fractional cover), followed by the mature orchards (~226 cm3∙cm-2), and was lowest in the young orchards (~137 cm3∙cm-2). Canopy cover rather than growing season length had a greater effect on seasonal total water use. Peak daily orchard transpiration ranged from 1.7 mm for young Golden Delicious Reinders trees to 5.0 mm in mature Golden Delicious trees that were maintained with large canopies to reduce sunburn damage to the fruit. For the red cultivars, the peak daily transpiration ranged from 2.0 to 3.9 mm, and the mature trees were maintained with less dense canopies to facilitate the development of the red fruit colour. The less dense canopies on the red cultivars had water-saving benefits since the seasonal total transpiration was lower relative to the Golden Delicious cultivar. The sap flow derived stress coefficient was strongly correlated to the MSWP (R2 ~ 0.60–0.97) in all the orchards while Ks was not able to detect plant stress due to over-irrigation.
Developing breeding objectives for radiata pine structural wood production. I. Bioeconomic model and economic weights

Economic breeding objectives were developed for production of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) structural timber in Australia. Production systems of eight companies, including plantation growers, sawmills, and integrated-system companies, were examined. A bioeconomic model linking the breeding-objective traits mean annual increment (MAI), stem sweep, average branch size, and modulus of elasticity (MoE) with production-system components was constructed using data obtained from industry and published sources. For a plantation grower the most important trait for improvement was MAI (31% improvement of net present value after a 10% trait improvement). For a sawmill the most important trait was MoE (29% improvement of profit after a 10% trait improvement). For an integrated-system company the two most important traits were MoE and MAI (24% and 21% improvement of net present value after a 10% trait improvement, respectively). There was a high correlation between breeding objectives of plantation growers with.
Algal blooms and climate anomalies in north‐east New Zealand, August ‐December 1992

Abstract A raphidophyte‐dominated phytoplankton bloom extended discontinuously along the northeastern coastline of New Zealand, from Bream Tail, north of Leigh, to the western coast of the Coromandel Peninsula from late August until December 1992. The bloom was associated with an “El‐Nino” phase of the Southern Oscillation, resulting in unusually cold sea temperatures. The dominant bloom species in the north was Fibrocapsa japonica and in the south Heterosigma akashiwo. Associated species included the coccolithophorid Gephyrocapsa oceanica and the naked form of the silicoflagellate Dictyocha speculum. By December, numbers of the armoured form of D. speculum had increased, as those of raphidophytes and coccolithophorids declined. Bioassays to test for shellfish biotoxins were negative and Artemia salina bioassays, indicators of ichthyotoxicity, were negative except for Heterosigma akashiwo cultures, isolated from Coromandel water samples.
Intellectualized Design and Construction of Fabricated Reinforcement Based on J2EE Technology

FSTCC reinforcement is a semi-finished product of fabricated steel tube in the factory, which is installed into a finished product on site. Construction of FSTCC is a hotpot both in academic field and in modern engineering. This reinforcement method is environmentally friendly and efficient. This paper verifies that traditional reinforcement method was Optimally designed. The process of FSTCC reinforcement was re-engineering based on BIM. The process of system was designed and implemented based on J2EE technology. The stress and strain of reinforced column was analyzed, considering the secondary stress. The axial compression ratio beyond limit value is controlled within limit value, so that the ductility of the overall structure is significantly improved.
Ultraviolet photochemistry of ethane: implications for the atmospheric chemistry of the gas giants

Chemical processing in the stratospheres of the gas giants is driven by incident vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light. Ethane is an important constituent in the atmospheres of the gas giants in our solar system. The present work describes translational spectroscopy studies of the VUV photochemistry of ethane using tuneable radiation in the wavelength range 112 ≤ λ ≤ 126 nm from a free electron laser and event-triggered, fast-framing, multi-mass imaging detection methods. Contributions from at least five primary photofragmentation pathways yielding CH2, CH3 and/or H atom products are demonstrated and interpreted in terms of unimolecular decay following rapid non-adiabatic coupling to the ground state potential energy surface. These data serve to highlight parallels with methane photochemistry and limitations in contemporary models of the photoinduced stratospheric chemistry of the gas giants. The work identifies additional photochemical reactions that require incorporation into next generation extraterrestrial atmospheric chemistry models which should help rationalise hitherto unexplained aspects of the atmospheric ethane/acetylene ratios revealed by the Cassini–Huygens fly-by of Jupiter.
Hydrogen sulfide intrusion in seagrasses from Shark Bay, Western Australia

Sulfides in sediments and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) intrusion in plant tissues were investigated for six species of seagrass in Shark Bay, Western Australia, at two sites with elevated salinities of 42 and 45 psu. H2S intrusion ranged from <20% to 100% in roots and rhizomes, indicating a high degree of sulfide intrusion in some cases, although this did not vary consistently between larger, long-lived species and smaller, less persistent species. There were significant differences in accumulation of total sulfur (TS) among species. Anatomy of rhizomes and roots showed species-specific differences in aerenchyma, the air channels that allow oxygen to diffuse down to the roots and sediments, and tissues with thickened cell walls that could present a barrier to diffusion of H2S, suggesting that morphology may influence sulfide intrusion and sulfur accumulation. Sulfide concentrations in seagrass sediments were far lower in Shark Bay than in Florida Bay, a subtropical embayment where sulfide toxicity has been implicated in seagrass dieback. Despite significant H2S intrusion into tissues of some Shark Bay seagrasses, there was no evidence of any deleterious effects in the current conditions.
A Simple and Efficient Method for Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Leaves of Chrysanthemum [Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura]

A simple and efficient method for somatic embryogenesis of chrysanthemum [Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura] was established. The best result of somatic embryogenesis was obtained with MS medium containing 2.0 mg l-1 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1.0 mg l-1 kinetin. Embryos with roots 1 to 2 mm long gave the highest frequency for conversion of embryos to plantlets. Root meristems appeared to be formed in somatic embryos by 20 days after culture initiation, while the shoot apices formed after replanting in phytohormone-free medium, resulting in a bipolar structure. The embryo-specific ECP63 gene was expressed in the somatic embryos, as in zygotic embryos, confirming that the plant regeneration occurred via embryogenesis. The growth habits and leaf and flower morphology of the regenerated plantlets were normal, but the day of flowering differed from that of cutting controls. The present somatic embryogenesis method was applicable to 8 out of 13 cultivars studied.
CELLULAR FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN GRAM-NEGATIVE OBLIGATELY ANAEROBIC RODS

The cellular fatty acid composition of 27 strains of gram-negative obligately anaerobic rods was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Results showed that a variety of acids was detected in these organisms, and comparison of the relative amount of each of the acids was useful in distinguishing several species. A dendrogram based on their fatty acid composition was made, and this analysis appeared to be an aid in the grouping of the bacteria.
Estimation of Rotor Temperature of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Model Reference Fuzzy Adaptive Control

For high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), its efficiency is significantly affected by the performance of permanent magnets (PMs), and the phenomenon of demagnetization will occur with the increase of PM temperature. So, the temperature detection of PMs in rotor is very necessary for the safe operation of PMSM, and direct detection is difficult due to the rotation of rotor. Based on the relationship between permanent magnet flux linkage and its temperature, in this paper, a new temperature estimation method using model reference fuzzy adaptive control (MRFAC) is proposed to estimate PM temperature. In this method, the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) is built to estimate the permanent magnet flux linkage, and the fuzzy control method is introduced into MRAS, which is used to improve the accuracy and applicable speed range of parameters estimated by MRAS. Different permanent magnet flux linkages are estimated in MRFAC based on the variation of stator resistance, which corresponds to different working temperatures measured by thermal resistance, and the PM temperature will be obtained according to the estimated permanent magnet flux linkage. At last, the back electromotive force (BEMF) is measured on the experimental motor, and the flux linkage and PM temperature of the experimental motor are deduced according to the BEMF. Compared with the experimental results, the estimated PM temperature is very close to the actual test value, and the error is less than 5%, which verifies that the proposed method is suitable for the estimation of PM temperature.
Analysis and Real-Time Implementation of High Power Interleaved DC/DC Converter for EV Applications

In electric vehicle (EV) applications, the interleaved bidirectional dc-dc converter (IBC) can be used in place of a high-power conventional dc-dc converter to improve efficiency and reduce the size. The IBC’s performance can be enhanced further with proper analysis and control implementation. In the approach of reducing the size of the IBC, ripple current analysis is an extremely essential aspect to consider when choosing the inductor and filter capacitors. A straightforward and generalized method for minimising the current ripple in an N-phase IBC has been described in this paper. Also, to improve converter performance, an average current mode control (ACMC) has been implemented to regulate the output voltage and minimize the current imbalance problem of the designed IBC, considering the effect of sensors signals sampling delay. The sensors signals ADC sampling delay has been measured experimentally, and the same has been considered for designing the inner loop PI control of ACMC. The real-time implementation of the prototype has been developed for a 5kW power level using the dSPACE Micro-Lab box (DS1202).
Mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation capacities in various tissues from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.

In order to investigate the capacities of different tissues to oxidize fatty acids, total β-oxidation (mitochondrial and peroxisomal) of [1–14C]palmitoyl-CoA was determined in liver and red- and white muscle from adult and juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. By including potassium cyanide (KCN) in the assay medium, it was possible to differentiate between mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation capacities. Mitochondrial β-oxidation dominated in all tissues except in livers from juvenile fish where the peroxisomal β-oxidation dominated. In general, the red muscle possesses the highest fatty acid oxidation capacity, however, by taking into consideration the fact that white muscle occupies approximately 60% of the total body weight, this study demonstrates that the white muscle is an important tissue in the overall fatty acid catabolism.
New reservoirs prediction and production effects in the a Kutai Basin using the spectral decomposition method

The reservoir prospect with the play sub-thrust fault concept is new in the Kutai Basin. The Kutai Basin is the widest and deepest tertiary sedimentary basin in Indonesia. This basin still has many potential hydrocarbon reservoirs that have not been discovered and must continue to be explored. Prospect evaluation is one of the important stages in hydrocarbon exploration. One of ways that can accommodate prediction of reservoir distribution prospects is spectral decomposition analysis method. Prediction of reservoir distribution prospects uses spectral decomposition. The purpose of integration, blending and coordinating some processes, of this analysis is to investigate the distribution of reservoirs and trap integrity by using Spectral Decomposition analysis. In this study, low-frequency zone analysis and amplitude anomalies were observed at low frequencies and compared with the amplitude at mid and high frequencies. Amplitude analysis is used to distinguish the possibility of lithology and its filling fluid. The amplitude anomaly is seen at low frequencies and disappears at high frequencies. The spectral decomposition methods used are Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT) and Generalized Spectral Decomp (GSD). The results of the various processes are then compared to see new reservoirs and the effect of production.