Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vehicle dynamic stability control and driving crisis analysis using fuzzy logic

In this paper, we explain the process of designing fuzzy based analyzers which can be installed in a vehicle. These analyzers use some kinds of sensors to determine the crisis of driving situation. This system helps a driver to be aware of the danger of the obstacles, other vehicles on the road, fatigue and environment noises. An alarm massage concentrates the driver attention while s/he is doing something that may distract the attention. A different fuzzy controller using electronically controller of the Brakes/ Steering/ Suspension systems controls the vehicle to avoid the obstacles and also maintain the kinetic balance of the vehicle by mean of dynamic stability analysis. An advantage of this controller is that it doesn't interfere with the driver's habit in vehicle control and it resumes functioning only in critical moments. Using various actuators and sensors, we introduce a new approach to detect driving and stability crisis. This makes the proposed fuzzy analyzer a novel one.
Bank Ties and Firm Performance in Japan : Some Evidence since Fiscal 2002

Since the mid-1990s, major Japanese banks have sold off a significant portion of their holdings of corporate equity. Using information on the identity of Japanese firms’ top 10 shareholders, this paper explores the process of banks’ equity disposal. There is some evidence that, after fiscal 2001, banks’ sales of equity accelerated, even holdings in firms for which the bank served as the main bank. However, affiliation with a main bank—proxied by firm-bank loan and shareholding ties—continues to be negatively associated with firm performance through fiscal 2004. Regression estimates suggest that firms with strong bank ties are less profitable, face higher interest payments, and yet do not seem to enjoy lower stock price volatility than other firms. These effects are strongest for firms with a history of outside financing options, consistent with earlier arguments that the benefits of main bank relationships accrue to the banks themselves.
Food Security and Undernourishment in India: Assessment of Alternative Norms and the Income Effect

Food and nutrition security has remained one of the top priorities of policy planners in post-Independent India. The country followed a multi-pronged strategy to improve and sustain food and nutrition security. The core objective of this strategy has been to sustain and improve food and nutrition security through food selfsufficiency. The strategy includes (i) strong support for raising food production, (ii) stable supply of some food staples and (iii) making food available at affordable prices. This strategy embraces several instruments that cover generation and adoption of technology, better availability of inputs, institutional credit, subsidy on farm inputs, improved infrastructure, expansion of irrigation, institutional reforms and mechanisms, competitive markets, remunerative prices for farmers/producers, public procurement, system of buffer stocks, open market sales, supply of food through public distribution system, nutrition interventions and trade policy. This strategy has helped India in several ways. Food production including livestock products and fish increased from 188 million tonnes (MT) during 1970-71 to 342 MT during 1990-91 showing an 82 per cent increase over two decades. In the next two decades, food production increased to close to 600 MTmarking a 75 per cent increase. In these two periods, the population of the country increased by 53 and 47 per cent, respectively. This has resulted in an increase in per capita production of total food from less than 350kg per person during the early 1970s to more than 500 kg in recent years. However, the effect of increase in per capita production of food recorded in the country is not visible in terms of the improvement in food and nutrition security. According to some studies based on the per person per day energy norms of 2400 Kcal for rural and 2100 Kcal for urban areas, there is deterioration in the prevalence of undernourishment based on energy intake during 1987-88 to 200405 (Deaton and Dreze, 2009). About 40 per cent children under age of 5 years are underweight and child mortality is also high. Based on such facts, serious questions are now being raised about the country’s achievements in food security. This
Allelic Richness and Diversity in Global Composite Collection and Reference Sets in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Chickpea is the fourth largest grain legume crop globally. A composite collection of 3000 accessions was formed and genotyped using 50 SSR markers. The accessions were also field evaluated for seven qualitative traits. Analysis of 48 SSR markers data on 2915 accessions detected 1683 alleles, of which 935 were rare and 748 common. Gene diversity varied from 0.533 to 0.975. Kabuli chickpea as a group were genetically more diverse than other seed types. Several group-specific unique alleles were detected: 104 in Kabuli, 297 in desi, and 69 in wild Cicer; 114 each in West Asia and Mediterranean, 117 in South and South East Asia, and 10 in African region accessions. A genotype-based reference set captured 1315 alleles compared to 1237 alleles in the reference set based on qualitative traits or 1354 alleles based on SSRs and qualitative traits data. The relative usefulness of these reference sets in chickpea breeding and genomics studies are being further investigated.
Preconditions of the Manifestation of Teacher’s ICT Competence in the Study Programmes

The article addresses the following research question: how does a study programme create premises for the manifestation of teacher’s ICT competence? This problem is solved in four parts of the article. In the first part the ICT competence of a university teacher is defined; the second part reveals the coherences of teacher’s ICT competences and ICT implementation levels; the third part presents the research methodology. The fourth part reveals the coherences of teacher’s ICT competence and the study programme.
Linking Northern Hemisphere temperature extremes to Rossby wave packets

This work investigates the statistical linkage between upper‐tropospheric transient Rossby wave packets (RWPs) and lower‐tropospheric temperature extremes in the Northern Hemisphere during the period 1979–2015. Data from ERA‐Interim reanalyses are used for the diagnosis of RWP amplitude and temperature anomalies as well as the systematic examination of their connection. Areas of large RWP amplitude are found to be associated with an increased probability of lower‐tropospheric temperature extremes in many regions of the midlatitudes. Although a seasonal and inter‐regional variability is apparent, this link is always stronger than in an analysis using a circumglobal waviness metric based on Fourier wavenumber amplitudes.
Uncertainty Quantification of Contaminant Transport Through Geological Repository using 2D Monte Carlo Simulation

The safety of a radioactive waste or spent nuclear fuel repository is related to its capacity to confine radioactivity and isolate it from the biosphere. The most likely process leading to the release of radionuclides from a radioactive waste repository in a geological formation is the transport by groundwater. Entry of radionuclide into the biosphere after traveling through geosphere may possess a risk per year to the people living in the vicinity of the site. Therefore, this study has been developed to assess the risk in presence of the uncertainty of the parameters that constitute the governing model for describing the migration of the radionuclide through geological repository. The risk addressed here is due to drinking of water possibly contaminated with the migrated nuclide. Double Monte Carlo simulation is applied for modeling and the basic reason is due to the uncertainties of the bounds of the parameter of the specified distribution function. The paper demonstrates the simulation by an example problem in which migration of I-129 radionuclide released from waste disposal facility and migrated through a geological repository to a biosphere is focused.
Combining eddy-covariance and chamber measurements to determine the methane budget from a small, heterogeneous urban floodplain wetland park

Methane (CH4) emissions and carbon uptake in temperate freshwater wetlands act in opposing directions in the context of global radiative forcing. Large uncertainties exist for the rates of CH4 emissions making it difficult to determine the extent that CH4 emissions counteract the carbon sequestration of wetlands. Urban temperate wetlands are typically small and feature highly heterogeneous land cover, posing an additional challenge to determining their CH4 budget. The data analysis approach we introduce here combines two different CH4 flux measurement techniques to overcome scale and heterogeneity problems and determine the overall CH4 budget of a small, heterogeneous, urban wetland landscape. Temporally intermittent point measurements from nonsteady-state chambers provided information about patch-level heterogeneity of fluxes, while continuous, high temporal resolution flux measurements using the eddy-covariance (EC) technique provided information about the temporal dynamics of the fluxes. Patch-level scaling parameterization was developed from the chamber data to scale eddy covariance data to a ‘fixed-frame’, which corrects for variability in the spatial coverage of the eddy covariance observation footprint at any single point in time. By combining two measurement techniques at different scales, we addressed shortcomings of both techniques with respect to heterogeneous wetland sites. We determined that fluxes observed by the two methods are statistically similar in magnitude when brought to the same temporal and spatial scale. We also found that open-water and macrophyte-covered areas of the wetland followed similar phenological cycles and emitted nearly equivalent levels of CH4 for much of the year. However, vegetated wetland areas regularly exhibited a stronger late-summer emission peak, possibly due to CH4 transport through mature vegetation vascular systems. Normalizing the eddy covariance data to a fixed-frame allowed us to determine the seasonal CH4 budget of each patch and the overall site. Overall, the macrophyte areas had the largest CH4 fluxes followed by the open water areas. Uncertainties in the final CH4 budget included spatial heterogeneity of CH4 fluxes, the tower footprint, measurement in the data to be scaled, and gap-filling. Of these, the spatial placement of the chambers provided the largest source of uncertainty in CH4 estimates. This reinforces the need to utilize site-level measurements when estimating CH4 fluxes from wetlands as opposed to using only up-scaled point
Image relighting using shading proxies

We present a practical solution to the problem of single-image relighting of objects with arbitrary shapes. It is based on a shading-ratio image obtained from some userprovided guess of the original and target illuminations. Our approach is flexible and robust, being applicable to objects with non-uniform albedos and arbitrary shapes, as well as to nonphotorrealistic depictions. We demonstrate its effectiveness by relighting many photographs, paintings, and drawings containing a variety of objects of different materials. Additionally, our technique can transfer smooth normal and depth maps from 3-D models to pictures. Preliminary evaluation has shown that our approach is intuitive, allowing novice users to relight images in just a couple of minutes. Keywords-image relighting; painting relighting; normal-map estimation; shading transferring;
Walk the talk! B2B Positioning Strategies in the Management Consultant Industry

Abstract Title: Walk the Talk! B2B Positioning Strategies in the Management Consultant Industry Seminar date: 26th of May 2016 Course: FEKN90 Authors: Louise Alenius, Angelika Johansson and Cecilia Liden Supervisor: Merle Jacob Keywords: Positioning, Differentiation, B2B, Services, Management Consulting Purpose: The aim of this paper is to identify the underlying factors that make up brand positioning strategies for B2B service companies. We also wish to provide a structured overview of how well suited current B2C strategies are to the more complex buying situation that characterizes the B2B field. Method: In this study, an abductive research approach was chosen in addition to choosing a qualitative method. We conducted semi-structured interviews with CEO’s and other people with strategic responsibility in the management consultant industry. Four companies and a total of seven interviews were held in the respondents’ offices in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo. For the analysis, pattern making and a cross-case synthesis were used. Trustworthiness and authenticity were chosen as methods of quality assurance. Theoretical perspective: For the literature review undertaken in this study, both traditional and more contemporary theories were used to ensure a wide perspective. Authors such as Ries and Trout (1981) with their thoughts about positioning in the mind of the prospect as well as Porter’s (1980) generic strategies account for the historical context, while Urde and Koch’s five schools of positioning including brand and market orientations and Attia and Hooley as well as Mulbacher et al.’s approaches to positioning with a focus on internal resources represent the contemporary aspect. Empirical foundation: Solely primary data was used in this study. Data was recorded through the interviews with the respondents and later transcribed, coded and analysed. Conclusion: There is an inconsistency in how companies and the academia interpret the term ‘positioning’, and a framework that is entirely suitable for B2B companies is lacking. It is therefore difficult for the studied companies to design positioning strategies. Porter’s (1980) differentiating strategy is present among our studied companies, in addition to the brand orientation and the holistic perspective as described by among others Urde and Koch (2014) and Mulbacher et al. (1994). The reason these theories are represented is due to the contextual dependence, which is high in our case with a knowledge intensive industry, customized services, a service offering and a B2B field. However the factors used to differentiate the company, differ significantly and all these factors are presented in a new framework for B2B positioning factors.
Drying-SAXS: in-situ characterization of structural change during drying of silica suspensions

Drying of particulate suspension for the film formation is of importance in various applications to produce secondary battery, display, solar cells and so on. Because dispersion stability is a crucial issue in the coating and printing process of ink and paste, many attempts have been carried out to analyze the suspension microstructure and film microstructure respectively, and try to understand the structural change during drying. Even if the solid understanding of drying behavior is important in the colloidal science and many application fields, there are only a few studies on the drying of particulate suspensions. Moreover, the methodologies developed so far were only help us to speculate the structural change and not satisfactory in obtaining the in-situ information about structural development during drying. X-ray scattering is a useful technique to observe the suspension microstructure more directly than any other techniques[1-2]. In order to employ the x-ray scattering to the drying behavior of suspensions, the angle of beamline need to be vertical to ground, unlikely to the conventional SAXS experiment. In 2010, we attempted to observe the structural change during drying of silica suspension using the BW1 in HASYLAB (the schematics for the experiment is described in Figure 1) and successfully obtained the scattering image during drying. To the best of the knowledge of the authors, SAXS study on drying film so called ‘Drying-SAXS’ is conducted for the first time.
Relationship between biological characteristics of fish and their contamination with trace metals: A case study of perch Perca fluviatilis L. in the Baltic Sea

Biological characteristics of fish are expected to affect the bioaccumulation patterns of trace metals in aquatic organisms. Nonetheless, this topic is relatively unstudied among fish species. In this study we explored how biological characteristics such as sex, maturity, and age of perch affect the contamination of their liver and muscle tissue with mercury, cadmium, copper, and zinc. According to our analyses, the contamination of fish with trace metals was complex and depended on the one hand on the type of metal and on the other hand on the studied fish biological characteristics. In the presence of significant statistical differences the concentration of trace metals was higher in males than in females and in immature than in mature individuals. Mercury was the only trace metal that accumulated with age in the fish. However, no generic relationships between the studied variables were found, and this may hint at the lack of such a relationship.
Genetic and Environmental Trends for Milk Production Traits in Sheep Estimated with Test-day Model

Data from milk performance testing were used to analyze genetic and environmental trends for purebred Tsigai, Improved Valachian and Lacaune sheep. 103,715 (Tsigai), 212,962 (Improved Valachian) and 2,196 (Lacaune) test-day records gathered by the State Breeding Institute of the Slovak Republic entered the analyses. The respective pedigree data comprised 23,724 (Tsigai), 51,401 (Improved Valachian) and 438 (Lacaune) records. The multiple-trait, mixed model methodology was used to predict the breeding values for daily milk yield, fat and protein content and to estimate the fixed and remaining random effects assumed to affect the above mentioned traits, separately for each breed. The breeding values for daily milk yield were adjusted for 150-day standardized lactation length by multiplying with the constant 150, as the breeding goal of the selection scheme in Slovakian sheep is to increase 150-day milk production and constant heritability throughout the whole lactation is assumed. The genetic trends were expressed as changes in averages of breeding values across birth years of animals. For Tsigai and Lacaune breeds, cumulative genetic changes over the analyzed period were 3.8 and 5.1 kg for 150-day milk, 0 and -0.16% for fat content and 0 and -0.12% for protein content. For Improved Valachian breed, either a low (1.6 kg for 150-day milk yield) or zero (fat and protein content) cumulative genetic change was found. The environmental trends were calculated as averages of solutions for flock-test day effect across years and months in which measurements were taken. A distinctive cyclical pattern which reflected short-time variation in milk production traits was found. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are given and discussed.
An Archaeological Perspective on the Historic Settlement Pattern on Santa Cruz Island

Author(s): Arnold, Jeanne E. | Abstract: This paper introduces new data pertaining to historic village locations and analyzes the quality of data we currently have regarding the distribution of the island's historic population. Use of the terms "Middle," "Late," and "historic" correspond generally with the chronology established by King (1981) for southern California. However, recent analysis of bead and microlith production data, representing two of the specialist products of the Channel Islanders, and a series of 25 new radiocarbon dates from several sites on Santa Cruz Island, together suggest that the onset of the Late Period occurred somewhat later than King had suggested, perhaps by about a century, or at ca. A.D. 1250-1300. That, nonetheless, is a topic explored in depth elsewhere (Arnold 1990a).
Nonlinear extension of the CCFM equation

Motivated by the regime of QCD explored nowadays at LHC, where both the total energy of collision and momenta transfers are high, evolution equations of high energy factorization are investigated. In order to study such effects like parton saturation in final states one is inevitably led to investigate how to combine physics of the BK and CCFM evolution equations. We report on recently obtained resummed form of the BK equation and nonlinear extension of the CCFM equation.
Obstacle-shape effect in a two-dimensional granular silo flow field

We conducted simple experiment and numerical simulation of two-dimensional granular discharge flow driven by gravity under the influence of an obstacle. According to the previous work (Zuriguel {\it et al.,\,Phys.\,Rev.\,Lett.}\,{\bf 107}: 278001, 2011), the clogging of granular discharge flow can be suppressed by putting a circular obstacle at a proper position. In order to investigate the details of obstacle effect in granular flow, we focused on particle dynamics in this study. From the experimental and numerical data, we found that the obstacle remarkably affects the horizontal-velocity distribution and packing fraction at the vicinity of the exit. In addition to the circular obstacle, we utilized triangular, inverted-triangular, and horizontal-bar obstacles to discuss the obstacle-shape effect in granular discharge flow. Based on the investigation of dynamical quantities such as velocity distributions, granular temperature, and volume fraction, we found that the triangular obstacle or horizontal bar could be very effective to prevent the clogging. From the obtained result, we consider that the detouring of particles around the obstacle and resultant low packing fraction at the exit region effectively prevent the clogging in a certain class of granular discharge flow.
Composition of Neurospora crassa Mycelium Color

Microbial products have been used by human for a long time. One of the products is color. Researches were done to find more products that can be useful. Therefore, this research studied about color extracted from mycelium of Neurospora crassa, fungus in phylum Ascomycota, which has not been used before. Mycelium was extracted with absolute ethanol. The color was orange. The optimum wavelength for the colorimetric measurement was 420.5 nm and the optical density (O.D.) or absorbance of the color extract was 0.222. From the result of experiment, it found that the appropriate solution to separate the colorants extracted to pure substance for studying the composition is acetone and chloroform. After separated with TLC aluminum sheet, there are five groups of separable substances.