Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new small HTGR power plant concept with inherently safe features--An engineering and economic challenge

This paper outlines a small nuclear plant concept which is not meant to replace the large nuclear power plants that will continue to be needed by the industrialized nations, but rather recognizes the needs of the smaller energy user, both for special applications in the US and for the developing nations. The small High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR), whose introduction will be very dependent on market forces, represents only one approach to meet these needs. The design of a small power plant that could be inherently safer and that might have costs less than those indicated by the traditional reverse-economy-of-scale effect is discussed. Topics considered include power plant economics, the small steam cycle HTGR thermodynamic cycle, the reactor nuclear heat source layout, the reactor heat removal system (main loop cooling, a vessel cooling system with reactor pressurized, vessel cooling system with reactor depressurized), safety considerations, investment risk protection, the technology base, and applications for the small HTGR plant concept.
Velocity Estimation of Embedded Mobile Robot in Structured Man-Made Environments

It is proposed to determine the velocity of the embedded mobile robot in a real world test environment . The test environment considered in this work is the man-made road surfaces like cement road surface, sand road surface, Bituminous Thar road surface, Grass road surface and loose gravel road surfaces etc. First, fuzzy logic control of velocity estimation a mobile robot is done using Matlab for the different surfaces. Then the real time tests on the different surfaces were carried out. The simulated values are compared with the test values. The comparison showed that the simulation values were close to the real time test values.
Analysis and simulation of nonlinear handling characteristics of automotive vehicles with focus on lateral load transfer

This paper mainly investigates steady-state nonlinear cornering behaviour of vehicles under lateral load transfer. A normal load dependent nonlinear cornering stiffness is utilised instead of the constant one to reflect the effect of normal load fluctuations. Thus, the relationship between the nonlinear cornering stiffness, tyre property coefficients, roll stiffness ratio and lateral load transfer has been formulated. A clear and simple criterion has been proposed to demonstrate how the handling behaviour is changed in the high lateral acceleration region. This criterion indicates that the nonlinear handling behaviour is dependent on the car's roll stiffness ratio, static margin, tyre cornering stiffness and tyre property coefficients. It may be considered as one of many advantageous criteria in motor vehicle design.
Association between Depressive Symptoms and Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults with Overweight or Obesity

depression by activating Background: The relationship between a low vitamin D level and depression has been demonstrated repeatedly. We assessed the correlation between vitamin D status and the prevalence of depression according to body weight status. Methods: Data from 1,747 participants who took part in the 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The presence of depression was identified by the brief, self-reported Patient Health Question-naire-9 (PHQ-9), vitamin D status was defined based on the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, and body weight status was expressed as the body mass index. Results: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, participants in the vitamin D deficiency group (odds ratio [OR], 2.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-7.20) and severe deficiency group (OR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.04-8.00) were significantly more likely to experience depression. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that among the participants with overweight or obesity, those in the vitamin D deficiency group were 3.71 times more likely than those in the sufficiency group (OR, 3.71; 95% CI, 1.08-12.74) to experience depression. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a significant association between low vitamin D levels and depression in adults with overweight or obesity. Further studies are needed to elucidate the association between vitamin D status and depression according to body weight status.
Open cycle liquid desiccant dehumidifier and hybrid solar/electric absorption refrigeration system. Annual report, January 1993--December 1993. Calendar year 1993

This annual report presents work performed during calendar year 1993 by the Florida Solar Energy Center under contract to the US Department of Energy. Two distinctively different solar powered indoor climate control systems were analyzed: the open cycle liquid desiccant dehumidifier, and an improved efficiency absorption system which may be fired by flat plate solar collectors. Both tasks represent new directions relative to prior FSEC research in Solar Cooling and Dehumidification.
Comorbidity in Primary Care – Causal or Casual? A Longitudinal Observational Study in Family Medicine

Background. Comorbidity is increasingly important in the medical literature, with ever-increasing impacts as populations age. Comorbidity has multiple and complex implications for the processes of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, management and health care. The objective of this study is to measure casual versus causal comorbidity in primary care in three family practice populations.Methods. This is a longitudinal observational study using the Transition Project datasets. Transition Project family doctors in the Netherlands, Malta and Serbia recorded details of all patient contacts in an episode of care structure using electronic medical records and the International Classification of Primary Care, collecting data on all elements of the doctor-patient encounter, including diagnoses (1,178,178 in the Netherlands, 93,606 in Malta, 405,150 in Serbia), observing 158,370 patient years in the Netherlands, 43,577 in Malta, 72,673 in Serbia. Comorbidity was measured using the odds ratio of both conditions being incident or rest-prevalent in the same patient in one-year dataframes, as against not.Results. Comorbidity in family practice in the three population databases is expressed as odds ratios between the 41 joint most prevalent (joint top 20) episode titles in the three populations. Specific associations were explored in different age groups to observe the changes in odds ratios with increasing age as a surrogate for a temporal or biological gradient.Conclusion. After applying accepted criteria for testing the causality of associations, it is reasonable to conclude that most observed primary care comorbidity is casual. It would be incorrect to assume causal relationships between co-occurring diseases in family medicine, even if such a relationship might be plausible or consistent with current conceptualisations of the causation of disease. Most observed comorbidity in primary care is the result of increasing illness diversity.Trial registration.This study was performed on electronic patient record datasets made publicly available by the University of Amsterdam Department of General Practice, and did not involve any patient intervention.Funding. Self-funded.
Designing and Implementing PLEs in a Secondary School Using Web2.0 Tools

Although current and upcoming web technologies offer all kinds of new opportunities to support student-centered learning, there does not exist yet a clear roadmap to integrate these technologies into teaching and learning pro- cesses. In this paper a model is introduced in order to develop Personal Learning Environements (PLEs) consisting of Web2.0 tools and to integrate them into teaching and learning processes. Next to this, an example implementation in the context of a secondary school is described. Two questions framed this study. First, how do students integrate PLE tools into their learning activities? Second, what is the students and teacher’s perception of the PLE project? Results show, among others, that web2.0 tools should be thoroughly integrated with active teaching and learning methods in order to realize a student-centered learning environment. It was also concluded that students need enough time and teacher’s facilitation in order to get learning and pedagogical value out of PLEs tools and to be able to truly integrate them into their learning activities.
Doped nickelate compounds for hard carbon electrodes

The invention relates to doped nickelate-containing compounds comprising Aa M1 V M 2 W M3 X M4 y M5 Z O2-c wherein A comprises either sodium or a mixed alkali metal in which sodium is the major constituent; M1 is nickel in oxidation state greater than 0 to less than or equal to 4+, M2 comprises a metal in oxidation state greater than 0 to less than or equal to 4+, M3 comprises a metal in oxidation state 2+, M4 comprises a metal in oxidation state greater than 0 to less than or equal to 4+, and M5 comprises a metal in oxidation state 3+ wherein 0 =0, z>= 0 wherein c is determined by a range selected from 0<=c<=0.1 and wherein (a, v, w, x, y, z and c) are chosen to maintain electroneutrality.
Extracting regulatory signals from DNA sequences using syntactic pattern discovery

One of the major challenges facing biologists is to understand the mechanisms governing the regulation of gene expression. Completely sequenced genomes, together with the emerging DNA microarray technologies have enabled the measurement of gene expression levels in cell cultures and opened new possibilities for studying gene regulation. A fundamental sub-problem in unraveling regulatory interactions in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is to identify common binding sites or promoters in the regulatory regions of genes. For a gene's mRNA to be expressed, a class of proteins called transcription factors must bind to the cis-regulatory elements on the DNA sequence upstream of the gene, to enhance RNA polymerase binding and hence initiate transcription. These binding sites are believed to be located within several hundred base pairs upstream of the respective ORFs. Biological methods for discovering regulatory binding sites are slow and time consuming. To address this problem, several heuristic-based computational methods have been developed in the past with either of two approaches sequence-driven or pattern-driven. In this dissertation, we propose a novel approach for finding shared motifs in DNA sequences based on an exhaustive pattern enumeration algorithm, that combines the benefits of the pattern-driven and sequence-driven approaches. We developed TABS, a method that identifies local regions of high similarity by clustering statistically significant patterns to obtain putative binding sites. The method assumes minimal apriori information about the sites and can detect signals in a subset of the input sequences, making it amenable for motif-discovery in gene clusters obtained from microarray experiments. The performance of the algorithm was validated on synthetic as well as real datasets. When tested on a set of 30 well-studied regulons in Escherichia Coli, with
Technical Efficiency of Milk Production in Tamil Nadu of India : Frontier Production Function Approach

A study was under taken to analyse the technical efficiency of milk production in the state of Tamil Nadu. By applying multidimensional scaling method, the state of Tamilnadu was segmented into four homogenous milk zones based on the resource endowment of the districts, favourable for dairy development. From the four zones, four districts viz., Kanchipuram, Erode, Nagappattinam and Thoothukudi were selected to represent each zone based on the factor scores obtained by these districts in each zone. A total sample size of 480 dairy farmers were selected for the present study. To estimate the level of efficiency in milk production, stochastic frontier production function was used. The farm specific technical efficiencies revealed that the distribution of most efficient elite group (Technical efficiency more than 90 per cent) of dairy farmers was the highest in Erode district (42.5 per cent) followed by Kanchipuram district (39.17 per cent) and Nagapattinam district. The mean technical efficiency was 85.5 per cent, 85.8 per cent, 82.7 per cent and 77.4 per cent respectively for Kanchipuram, Erode, Nagapattinam and Thoothukudi district indicating that on an average the sample farmers tended to realise 77.4 to 85.8 per cent of their technical abilities and the remaining per cent of their technical abilities were not realized.
Electromagnetic Design of Superconducting Coated Conductor Power Cables

Superconducting YBCO cables are the latest step in the development of their kind, and their viability is constantly improving, because YBCO tapes are going down in price. The Super3C project aims to design, manufacture, and test a superconducting 30-m, 1-kA, 10-kV YBCO cable prototype, which will provide important information about the YBCO cable performance. A successful design of this cable must combine cryogenic, mechanical, and electromagnetic aspects. This thesis focuses on the electromagnetic part, which aims at low AC losses, a high critical current with a small amount of superconducting tape, and good tolerance of fault currents. With this in mind, computational tools were developed to predict the above cable capabilities. The special characteristics sought for in modeling the superconductor were highly nonlinear resistivity and strong magnetic-flux-density-dependent critical current density. Another aspect to be addressed in modeling is the troublesome high aspect ratio of the YBCO. In this work, a circuit-analysis-based model was developed to predict AC losses in YBCO cables. Predicted losses were close to those measured for a one-layer, 0.5-m YBCO cable. Furthermore, some tape-wise variation was measured in the current, but computations suggested that the problem can be avoided with the 30-m cable. In addition, an algorithm was developed to compute the cable’s critical current to further improve the AC loss model. Results suggest that tape arrangements can greatly affect the cable’s critical current, and in cable use, the tape’s critical current can be higher than in the self-field. The critical current algorithm was exploited to solve intrinsic material parameters from ordinary voltage-current measurements. The impact of fault current was analyzed by solving the heat conduction equation together with Maxwell’s equations.
Team Collaboration for Command and Control: A Critical Thinking Model

Abstract : We define an initial framework for understanding, measuring, and managing one form of collaboration: team critical thinking. The framework will be used to understand how team members critique and refine team performance, develop measures of performance, and eventually to create training and decision aids that support this form of collaboration. The framework leverages recent research and theory concerning individual critical thinking, teamwork, and information-age warfare. A sample of measures is presented.
Safe Routes to School implementation in Australia

Safe Routes to School (SRTS) is a road safety program focused on travel to and from school. In this study, an examination of the implementation of SRTS in Australia has been undertaken by comparing and contrasting state-based SRTS initiatives. There are differences in the approach taken to SRTS implementation in different states. In some cases there is no explicit SRTS program in operation, and in others the programs are quite mature or are undergoing refinement/re-orientation after initial trials. The most mature programs are operating in Western Australia and Victoria, with the South Australian program, which is heavily based on the Victorian model, gathering momentum. New South Wales is unique for its commitment to run the program at all primary schools in the state, and for the exclusion of engineering treatments as an explicit component of the program. Differences exist in relation to the refinement of program objectives: the balance between engineering, education, enforcement and encouragement dimensions of the programs; the manner in which schools are selected; the extent to which program delivery is undertaken by consultants and the extent to which maintenance issues are considered in the program. Language: en
Effects on driving performance of in-vehicle intelligent transport systems: final results of the Australian TAC SafeCar Project

This paper reports the final outcomes of a large six-year collaborative research and development project undertaken by the Monash University Accident Research Centre, in conjunction with the Victorian Transport Accident Commission (TAC) and Ford Australia. The TAC SafeCar project, as it has become known internationally, was designed to evaluate, in an on-road trial, driver interaction with three in-vehicle Intelligent Transport Systems: Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA); Following Distance Warning (FDW); and the Seat Belt Reminder (SBR). The technical operation of the technologies, driver acceptance of them, and their effects on driving performance and safety were evaluated. These systems, along with a Reverse Collision Warning (RCW) system and Daytime Running Lights, were equipped to 15 Ford passenger cars sub-leased to several Government and private organisations in Melbourne, Australia. A total of 23 drivers drove a SafeCar for 16,500km. The study is the first to have examined the interactive effects of ISA and FDW systems, and the first to have examined long-term driver adaptation to FDW and SBR systems. In this paper, the overall effects of the systems on driving performance and safety are reported. In a companion paper, findings pertaining to driver acceptance of the systems are presented. (a)
Determining the reasons for unmet medical needs in Korea: A secondary data analysis

Abstract Background: Unmet medical need which are indicators used globally to assess healthcare accessibility is a condition in which no satisfactory method of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment exists. The purpose of this study is to analyze factors related to unmet medical needs among Korean adults. Methods: We used a retrospective cross-sectional study design. This nationwide-based study included the data of 26,598 participants aged 19 years and older, obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2013–2017. Using multiple logistic regression models, we analyzed the associations between factors that influence unmet medical needs and participants’ subgroups.Results: Despite Korea’s universal health-insurance system, we found that in 2017, 9.5% of Koreans experienced unmet needs. In the young adult group, men had a higher odds ratio of experiencing unmet medical needs compared to women (Males: OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.35-2.48; Females: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.12-1.81). ). In particular, unlike men, women’s unmet medical needs increased as their incomes decreased (1Q OR = 1.55, 2Q OR =1.29, 3Q OR=1.26). Men and women showed a tendency to have more unmet medical needs with less exercise, worse subjective health state, worse pain, and a higher degree of depression.Conclusions: In conclusion, unmet medical needs contributing factors included having a low socioeconomic status, high stress, severe pain, or severe depression. Considering our findings, we suggest improving health-care access with low socioeconomic status.
Design of the clamped-current high-power-factor boost rectifier

This paper examines a high power factor boost rectifier where the peak switch current is clamped at a constant value during the input voltage line cycle. Optimum parameter values are derived to minimize the harmonic distortion in the input current. Advantages of the clamped current control include overall simplicity, relatively low inductive energy storage and component stresses, and a fixed operating frequency. Results are experimentally verified on a 1.3 kW prototype featuring high efficiency and a high power factor over a wide load range. <<ETX>>
Student Initiative and Questioning Strategies in Computer-Mediated Human Tutoring Dialogues

In this paper we explore student initiative in human tutoring dialogues and how it potentially influences tutor questioning strategies. We describe our annotation scheme for tutor questions and student responses in which student initiative is simply defined as any unsolicited response from the student. We examine what is categorized as student initiative and propose some further distinctions that may be useful for improving mixed-initiative interaction in tutoring systems.
Framing disaster resilience : The implications of the diverse conceptualisations of “bouncing back”

Purpose – To confront the increasingly devastating impacts of disasters and the challenges that climate change is posing to disaster risk management (DRM) there is an imperative to further develop DRM. The resilience approach is emerging as one way to do this, and in the last decade has been strongly introduced into the policy arena, although it is not new for DRM practitioners and researchers. Nevertheless, resilience is a highly contested issue, and there is no agreed definition of it, which has resulted in confusion for stakeholders when applying it to practice. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how resilience is framed by researchers and DRM practitioners. Design/methodology/approach – The analytical framework used was Hajer's “social-interactive discourse theory”, combined with analysis of government documents, in-depth interviews with practitioners and observation of field and practices within the context of the Natural Disaster Resilience Program in Queensland, Australia. Findi.
Beyond the Sterile Cockpit

The rapid advance of cockpit automation, enabled by microprocessor technology and motivated by the quest for safer and more efficient flight, has both its supporters and its detractors. Even the supporters tend to view the march toward computer-directed flight as a mixed blessing. Certain dramatic accidents and incidents in recent years, as well as the destruction of Korean Airlines Flight 007, have been interpreted by many as automation induced. Many of the critics outside of the aviation community, journalists, and the general public, have harped on the negative side of flight-deck automation without recognizing its positive aspects. The author advances the view that the time-honored recommendation that humans should serve as monitors of automatic devices must be reconsidered, and that the human must be brought back into a more active role in the control loop, aided by decision support systems.
A Model for Buildings' Vulnerability Assessment Using the Parameterless Scale of Seismic Intensity (PSI)

After the earthquake of 1980 in Irpinia the Italian Government promoted a damage survey, with the cooperation of researchers of the “Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche PFG-CNR. ” The data of the damage survey have been used in several studies during previous years, and in the present work they have been elaborated on with the aim of assessing a value of the seismic excitation in each administrative unit according to the Parameterless Scale of Seismic Intensity (PSI) (Spence et al., 1991). The PSI intensities are in good correlation with the values of the MSK scale: for each degree of the latter, the PSI intensity, a continuous variable, shows a spectrum of values. At the same time, a model for damage prediction has been identified, where the frequency of a damage degree in a territorial unit is a function of PSI. The proposed damage prediction model has been compared with the Damage Probability Matrix method and the range of variation of the losses evaluated in scenario analyses at the National Seismic Survey has been estimated.