Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Irreversible ocean thermal expansion under negative CO 2 emissions

In the Paris Agreement in 2015 countries agreed on holding global mean surface air warming well below 2 °C but the emission reduction pledges under that agreement are not ambitious enough to meet this target. Therefore, the question arises whether restoring temperature to this target after exceeding it by artificially removing CO 2 from the atmosphere is possible. One important aspect regards the reversibility of ocean heat uptake and the associated sea level rise, which have very long (centennial to millennial) response time scales. In this study the response of sea level rise due to thermal expansion (TSLR) to a 1 % yearly increase of atmospheric CO 2 up to a quadrupling of the pre-industrial concentration followed by a 1 % yearly decline back to the pre-industrial CO 2 concentration is examined using the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM). We find that TSLR continues for several decades after atmospheric CO 2 starts to decline and that sea level does not return to pre-industrial levels for over thousand years after atmospheric CO 2 is restored to pre-industrial concentrations. This finding is independent of the strength of vertical sub-grid scale ocean mixing implemented in the model. Furthermore, TSLR rises faster than it declines in response to a symmetric rise and decline in atmospheric CO 2 concentration partly because the deep ocean continues to warm for centuries after atmospheric CO 2 returns to the pre-industrial concentration. Both TSLR rise and decline rate increase with increasing vertical ocean mixing. Exceptions from this behaviour arise if the overturning circulations in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean intensify beyond pre-industrial levels in model versions with lower vertical mixing, which leads to rapid cooling of the deep ocean.
Birds of oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh, India

The oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh have been studied in detail by plant ecologists (Saxena and Singh 1982, Saxena et al. 1985, Singh and Singh 1986). However, very little current information exists on major animal communities (e.g. avian, mammalian etc.) which inhabit oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya. Therefore, we carried out extensive surveys in extant oak patches to document the status of birds from April 1995 to July 1997. Birds of oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh, India
Does a Regional Trade Agreement Lessen or Worsen Growth Volatility? An Empirical Investigation

This paper assesses how regional trade agreements (RTAs) impact growth volatility on a worldwide sample of 170 countries with data spanning the period 1978-2012. Notwithstanding concerns that trade openness through RTAs can heighten exposure to shocks, in particular when it leads to increased product specialization, RTAs through enhanced policy credibility, improved policy coordination, and reduced risk of conflicts can ease growth volatility. Empirical estimations suggest the benefits outweigh the costs as RTAs are consistently associated with lower growth volatility, after controlling for trade openness and other determinants of growth volatility. Furthermore, regression results also suggest that countries that are more prone to shocks are more likely to join a RTA, in particular with countries with relatively less volatile growth, additionally enhancing the stabilization effect.
Evaluating Social Support, Work-Family Enrichment and Life Satisfaction among Nurses in Malaysia

The purpose of the present study was to validate the hypothesized interrelationships among the constructs of social support, work-family enrichment and life satisfaction among nurses of public hospitals in Malaysia. This study also examined the likely mediation effect of work-family enrichment on support- satisfaction relationship. The primary data collection tool for the quantitative study was a questionnaire which was administered to 689 nurses employed in public hospitals in Malaysia. A full structural modeling testing were used in SEM with AMOS 17 data-fitting program, supported the hypothesized relationship. The results established statistically substantial and significant path coefficients.
Applying Fuzzy Possibilistic Methods on Critical Objects

—Providing a ﬂexible environment to process data objects is a desirable goal of machine learning algorithms. In fuzzy and possibilistic methods, the relevance of data objects is evaluated and a membership degree is assigned. However, some critical objects objects have the potential ability to affect the performance of the clustering algorithms if they remain in a speciﬁc cluster or they are moved into another. In this paper we analyze and compare how critical objects affect the behaviour of fuzzy possibilistic methods in several data sets. The comparison is based on the accuracy and ability of learning methods to provide a proper searching space for data objects. The membership functions used by each method when dealing with critical objects is also evaluated. Our results show that relaxing the conditions of participation for data objects in as many partitions as they can, is beneﬁcial.
A simplistic view of hadron calorimetry

All too often we rely on Monte Carlo simulations without worrying too much about basic physics. It is possible to start with a very simple calorimeter (a big cylinder) and learn the functional form of π/e by an induction argument. Monte Carlo simulations provide sanity checks and constants. A power‐law functional form describes test beam results surprisingly well. The prediction that calorimeters respond differently to protons and pions of the same energy was unexpected. The effect was later demonstrated by the CMS forward calorimeter group, using the most noncompensating calorimeter ever built. Calorimeter resolution is dominated by fluctuations in π0 production and the energy deposit by neutrons. The DREAM collaboration has recently used a dual readout calorimeter to eliminate the first of these. Ultimate resolution depends on measuring neutrons on an event‐by‐event basis as well.
Comparison of the Effects of Trade Liberalization Under Different Market Structures

Using a static world CGE model, this paper compares welfare and output effects of trade liberalization of a perfectly competitive model and eight imperfectly competitive models in a unified framework. Our main finding is that welfare effects are generally robust to the model choice whereas output effects in some sectors drastically vary according to the model choice. Although there are a large number of CGE studies that try to analyze effects of trade liberalization on output, our analysis demonstrates that results derived from a specific model can be misleading.
To match or mismatch? The Austrian VET system on struggle with diverse and changing demand

The proportion of participants in VET or prevocational programmes is highest in Austria (Figure 2), and increased during the late 1990s as in France, Finland, less so in Denmark, whereas in most countries and also in the EU 15 this proportion decreased slightly. The rate of early school leaving, as measured by the structural indicator, is also low in Austria compared to the European level, and decreased in the late 1990s in line with the decrease at the European average (only two countries have shown an increase in that proportion: Portugal and Sweden). However, the contribution of a high proportion of VET participants at the upper secondary level to the completion rate and the proportion of early school leavers is not clear.
Performance analysis of routing strategies for wireless sensor networks

This paper presents a performance analysis of source, shortest path, hierarchical and geographical routing strategies, which are the three most commonly, implemented strategies employed by wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks. Source routing was selected because it does not require costly topology maintenance, while shortest path routing was chosen because of its simple discovery routing approach and hierarchical and geographical routing was elected because it uses location information via Global Positioning System (GPS). Many current applications require precise knowledge of physical positioning information, particularly in the areas of health, military, agriculture, robotics, and environmental and structural monitoring. Additionally, the shortest path routing technique was chosen because it is employed in several data-centric wireless sensor network algorithms such as Direct Diffusion, Rumor Routing, Gradient-Based Routing and the ZigBee standard. The performance of these three routing strategies is evaluated by providing simulation results based on latency, End to End Delay (EED), packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, overhead and routing load. Source routing only improves shortest path and hierarchical and geographical routing in terms of latency, hierarchical and geographical routing performs the worst because it must send hello packets in order to acquire and transmit location information. However, despite these significant disadvantages, hierarchical and geographical routing remains the routing option most often used in health, military, agriculture, robotic, and environmental and structural monitoring.
Grandparents in multigenerational households

This study provides a profile of the households with coresident grandparents, using the European Community Household Panel. It identifies rising rates of coresidence with grandparents in Portugal between 1994 and 2001, and explores the nature of such trend, using an age-period-cohort approach. Households with grandparents became economically worse than the general population, with skipped-generation households in the worst situation. Multigenerational households may be formed in a particular generation’s interest. Although no formation is directly available, indicators suggest that it is the needs of the younger generations that account for most coresidence situations. One possible benefit of this type of coresidence is the provision of caring services. Very significant proportions of coresident grandparents take care of children, especially small children. Although the proportion of coresident grandparents is the highest in the North region, it is more frequent in the Lisbon (capital) region for these grandparents to take care of children. Skipped generation households are also more concentrated in the Lisbon region.
Band combinations for detecting leaf amount and leaf age in QuickBird satellite and RGB camera images

Leaf amount and leaf age may drive seasonal variation in canopy-scale photosynthetic capacity and carbon balance in the Central Amazon. It is therefore important to measure these phenological attributes. We used linear discriminant analysis and a leave-one-out jackknife validation to rank combinations of QuickBird surface reflectance bands and transformed bands for (1) separating leafy from bare tree crowns and (2) separating recently flushed crowns from all other crowns (with older dark leaves or bare). We compared performances of singles and pairs of ten original and transformed bands: R, G, B, NIR, NDVI, EVI, Excess Green, Blue Coordinate, Green Coordinate and Red Coordinate. Among the ten singles, Green Coordinate (with 95% separation), followed by NDVI (93%), best separated leafy from bare crowns. EVI performed poorly (83%). Among pairs of transforms , any combination of the visible band "coordinates" obtained 100% separability. Excess Green (EG) best discriminated recently flushed leafy crowns from all other crowns. We used EG detection of new leaf flush to obtain ages of leaf cohorts by crown, in a time-series of 23 images at ten day intervals from a tower-mounted RGB camera. For crowns that undergo massive rapid flush, the "date of birth" of each crowns leaf cohort was detected as a unimodal hump in the temporal trace of its EG value. We conclude that the RGB bands and their transforms, available from conventional cameras, can estimate both leaf age and leaf amount in the upper canopy.
Recognizing postures and head movements from video sequences

Video analysis is a fast growing field of study, with applications ranging from surveillance systems to face detection. Volvo Group Trucks Technology wishes to apply some of the innovative solutions discovered in recent times to their own study data to minimize the need of manual video processing. This master's thesis, is an initial step in this direction. Video data of drivers driving in a virtual environment has been gathered from frontal and side view. The frontal view data has been used to estimate gaze direction of the driver while the side view has been used to identify posture. Gaze has been estimated mainly using the popular Viola-Jones face detection algorithm combined with extracting feature points which are tracked frame to frame using the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi feature tracker. For posture identification, marks were placed on the side of the driver and tracked using the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi feature tracker. Training data was used to create clusters using the k-medoids method and driver postures were identified using mark coordinate data from sample videos using mainly a k-nearest-neighbors approach. Results are promising both for gaze estimation and posture identification even though ambiguity in matching continuous data to discrete evaluations lead to a noticeable amount of errors.
Supplementing fish oil and green tea (Camellia sinensis) powder in broiler diet: effects on productive performance.

Article history Received: 17 Feb, 2015 Revised: 26 Feb, 2015 Accepted: 27 Feb, 2015 Abstract The present trial aimed to evaluate the influence of dietary fish oil and green tea powder and their combination productive performance in broiler chickens reared for 42 days. A total of 270 day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to one of nine dietary treatments with three replicates of ten chicks based on a completely randomized design. The feeding groups comprised a control diet without feed additive; diets containing only 1.0 or 1.5% of green tea powder; diets containing 1.5% of fish oil combined with 0, 1.0 or 1.5% of green tea powder; diets containing 2.0% of fish oil combined with 0, 1.0 or 1.5% of green tea powder. Supplementing fish oil, green tea powder or their combination affected broilers’ final body weight, feed intake as well as feed efficiency (P<0.05). Feeding a combination of fish oil and green tea powder resulted in a positive effect (P<0.05) on feed cost and production index. In conclusion, the findings reported in this study suggested that the dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil and green tea powder supported productive traits in chickens.
A new X-ray-transparent flow-through reaction cell for a μ -CT-based concomitant surveillance of the reaction progress of hydrothermal mineral–fluid interactions

Abstract. A new flow-through reaction cell consisting of an X-ray-transparent semicrystalline thermoplastic has been developed for percolation experiments. Core holder, tubing and all confining parts are constructed using PEEK (polyetheretherketone) to allow concomitant surveillance of the reaction progress by X-ray microtomography (μ-CT). With this cell setup, corrosive or oversaturated fluids can be forced through rock cores (up to ∅ 19 mm) or powders at pressures up to 100 bar and temperatures up to 200 °C. The reaction progress of the experiment can be monitored without dismantling the sample from the core holder. The combination of this flow-through reaction cell setup with a laboratory X-ray μ-CT system facilitates on-demand monitoring of the reaction progress of (long-term) hydrothermal experiments in the own laboratory, keeping interruption times as short as possible. To demonstrate both the suitability of the cell construction material for X-ray imaging purposes and the experimental performance of the flow-through system, we report the virtually non-existent bias of the PEEK cell setup with distinctive X-ray observations (e.g., differing states of pore fillings: air vs. fluid; detection of delicate fabric elements: filigree zeolite crystals overgrowing weathered muscovite), and the monitoring of the gypsum/anhydrite transition as a case study of a 4-D fabric evolution.
Optimum Dietary Crude Protein Level for Fattening Yearling Arsi-Bale Lambs

This study was aimed to determine the optimum dietary crude protein for fattening yearling Arsi-Bale sheep. Thirty-two intact male lambs (live weight=17.53±1.57 kg) were randomly assigned to five iso-caloric (2.12 Mcal/kg DM) dietary treatments (T), varying in crude protein: 9.4% CP (T1), 10.2% CP (T2), 11% CP (T3), 12% CP (T4) and 13.1% CP (T5). Intake and growth trial lasted for 87 days, followed by digestibility trial and carcass analysis. Treatments did not differ (P>0.05) in DM intake, ranging from 918.29 (T1) to 928.09 g DM/day (T3). Crude protein intake increased (P 0.05) from 22.71 to 23.96 kg; 5.37 to 6.35kg; 61.78-73.00 g/day, respectively. Feed conversion ratios were higher (P 0.05) among treatments in slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, DP, fat and bone proportions. However, hot carcass weight increased from 8.8 to 9.8kg and DP from 39.4 to 42.15, with feed CP increase to 12%. The results of this study indicated that optimum dietary CP for improved growth and feed utilization of yearling Arsi-Bale lambs, growing from 17 to 25 kg is 12% at the specified dietary energy. Suggested, detail study, applying "comparative slaughter technique" is warranted to support the present findings.
Prediction of Beer Colloidal Haze Formation

Koloidním zákalem piva se rozumí soustava koloidních částic, které jsou tvořeny tzv. prekurzory zákalu (bílkoviny a polyfenoly). Bílkoviny a polyfenoly spolu ochotně reagují a vytvářejí komplexy, jejichž částice se postupně zvětšují. Tím se komplexy stávají nerozpustnými a vzniká viditelný zákal (Parker, 2007). Rozhodujícím faktorem je přítomnost kyslíku, díky němuž dochází k oxidaci polyfenolů a jejich schopnost reagovat s bílkovinami tak vzrůstá (Parker, 2007). Kromě kyslíku ale tvorbu zákalu urychlují i další vlivy, především nevhodné podmínky při skladování (světlo nebo vyšší teploty) (Robinson et al., 2004). Vznik zákalu představuje pro výrobce velký problém, protože zákazníci považují viditelnou sedlinu v pivu za vadu (Robinson et al., 2004; Siebert et al., 1996). Po celou dobu záruky by pivo mělo být čiré, jiskrné, pěnivé, řízné a mělo by mít odpovídající chuť a vůni (Rehmanji et al., 2004). Během garantované trvanlivosti musí tedy pivovar zaručit, že se pivo z biologického i nebiologického hlediska nezmění a ke spotřebiteli se dostane pouze s minimálními senzorickými změnami. K vyřešení problémů spojených s koloidní stabilitou piva je v pivovarech nezbytné používat nejrůznější stabilizační prostředky (křemičité gely, polyamidové sorbenty). Úkolem stabilizace je minimalizovat riziko vzniku koloidních a senzorických změn. Pivovar by proto měl během deklarované doby záruky provádět kontroly kvality daného produktu. Pro každého výrobce je tedy důležité najít vhodnou metodu, která dostatečně přesně a rychle předpoví trvanlivost daného piva. Míra koloidní stability piva je vždy závislá na řadě konkrétních fyzikálně-chemických vlastností každé šarže výrobku a způsobu skladování. K jejímu stanovení proto doposud neexistuje univerzální metoda použitelná pro všechna piva. Pro obecný odhad trvanlivosti byla v minulosti vyvinuta celá řada fyzikálních i chemických metod (Siebert a Lynn, 2005; Siebert a Lynn, 2006). Mezi nejvíce využívané metody pro stanovení předpovědi trvanlivosti piva patří tzv. šokovací Kotlíková, B. – Jelínek, L. – Karabín, M. – Dostálek, P.: Předpověď vzniku koloidního zákalu piva. Kvasny Prum. 59, 2013, č. 4, s. 101–104. Pivo má, stejně jako všechny ostatní potraviny, omezenou trvanlivost, se kterou velmi úzce souvisí jeho koloidní stabilita. Protože jsou na ni v současné době kladeny stále vyšší nároky, jsou pivovary nuceny používat k jejímu prodloužení nejrůznější stabilizační prostředky. K zaručení minimální doby trvanlivosti dnes existuje řada metod, kterými se dá trvanlivost předpovědět. Jedná se o tzv. šokovací a precipitační testy. Během šokování dochází k urychlení stárnutí piva a zrychlené tvorbě koloidního zákalu pomocí střídání vysokých a nízkých teplot, zatímco pomocí precipitačních testů se dá zjistit obsah zákalotvorných prekurzorů v pivu a takto předpovědět jeho trvanlivost.
The asymmetric radio structure and record jet of giant quasar 4C 34.47

Context. Unification models for active galactic nuclei, AGN, predict that all quasars (radio sources associated with quasi-stellar objects) should be at a substantial angle with the sky plane. Aims. We test the predictions of the orientation unification model with the morphological and polarization properties of a giant quasar. Methods. The giant double-lobed radio source 4C34.47, which is associated with quasi-stellar object B1721+343, is mapped at arcsecond scale resolution, and the data are subsequently analyzed within the context of current models for extragalactic radio sources. Results. Quasar 4C34.47 displays a straight one-sided jet, measuring a record length of 380 kpc in its double-lobed radio structure. Assuming an intrinsically symmetric two-sided jet structure the radio source jet axis must be at least 33 ◦ away from the sky plane, that is within 57 ◦ from the line of sight. The radio polarization properties indicate that this giant source has largely outgrown the depolarizing halo that is generally associated with the host galaxies of powerful radio sources. The measured small depolarization asymmetry nevertheless agrees with its inferred orientation. Conclusions. All data for this giant radio source agree with its preferred orientation as predicted within the unification scheme for powerful radio sources. Seen under a small aspect angle the radio source is large, but not excessively large. The global properties of 4C34.47 do not differ from other giant (old) FR2 radio sources: it is a slowly expanding low-luminosity radio source.
Renal Sinus Invasion in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Aim: Renal sinus contains numerous veins and lymphatics, in­ vasion into this compartment may permit dissemination of a tumor otherwise regarded as renal limited. In this study we examined renal sinus invasion to determine its possible prognostic importance in renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Material and Methods: Thirty-five patients who underwent radical nephrectomy were reviewed. Relations of renal sinus involvement with grade, stage, tumor type, capsular invasion, microvascular invasion, renal vein invasion, tu­ mor size, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis are evaluated.
Simple and Non-Linear Regression Techniques Used in Sandy-Clayey Soils to Predict the Pressuremeter Modulus and Limit Pressure: A Case Study of Tabriz Subway

Nowadays, some common field tests consist of SPT test and pressuremeter test are performed in investigating the geotechnical parameters of projects such as tunneling. Due to the high cost of pressuremter test performance and its time-consuming procedure, using some empirical relations between SPT and Pressuremeter tests are recommended for primarily study of the project. The purpose of this study is to perform regression analyses between the NSPT and the uniaxial compression strength test and the pressuremeter test parameters obtained from a geotechnical investigation performed in route of 2nd line of Tabriz metro. Correlations were carried out for sandy and clayey soils separately. A series of simple and nonlinear multiple regression analyses are performed and as a result of analyses, several empirical equations are developed. It is shown that the empirical equations developed in this study are statistically acceptable.