Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced themoplastic

In this study, the bending properties and damage accumulation behavior of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) were investigated to understand the effect of heat treatment on crystallization. Further, three-point bending tests using the acoustic emission technique were performed. Results indicated that a short period of heat treatment increased the CFRTP bending strength; however, for an excessively long heat treatment (30 h), the CFRTP bending strength decreased. To understand cause for the increase and decrement in the bending strength via heat treatment, surface observations using a laser microscope and thermal property measurement using differential scanning calorimetry were performed. Results showed that the 30-h heat-treated specimens exhibited fiber-matrix debonding before bending tests because of matrix shrinkage caused by crystallization and thermal degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the cause of deterioration was oxidation, and oxidation cleaved the molecular chains and embrittled the matrix. Consequently, we could control the bending properties by crystallization, and the relationship between crystallization and strength agreed with the formulated constitutive equation. However, we must address the thermal degradation when the materials are subjected to heat treatment.
Lexicon in Batik and Tapis Cloth of Lampung, Indonesia: Ecolinguistics Study

Language and environment are correlated. When producing language, either orally or written, or in the forms of symbols, humans are connected to the things around them. Ecolinguistics is the bridge to look at the correlation between language and environment. Descriptive qualitative ecolinguistics research was employed in this research. The purpose of this research was to describe the lexicon in batik motif and tapis cloth. Data in the form of biotic and abiotic were collected from batik motif and tapis cloth of Lampung. They were obtained through direct observation. The research results consist of two categories: biotic (flora and fauna) and abiotic (landscape and man-made). Firstly, the biotic category in the form of flora covers Hayat tree, coffee, Ashar flower, sembagi, while the fauna category covers elephants, dolphins, and butterflies. Secondly, the abiotic components were in the form of a landscape category such as the mountains, hills, hillsides, and a man-made category covering siger and ship. Based on the results, batik motif and tapis cloth of Lampung have a very close relationship with the surrounding because the motif represents the lexicon around the Lampung community life. Keywords: batik, tapis, ecolinguistics, Lampung, local wisdom
Evaluation of cypermethrin insecticides on the growth of some selected soil bacteria isolated from Makurdi, Middle Belt, Nigeria

In the present investigation, a total of 30 soil samples were collected from five different sites in Makurdi metropolis to investigate the effect of cypermethrin on some soil bacteria. Physicochemical properties of the soil samples from various sites were determined using standard procedures. Some selected soil bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. , Bacillus spp. , Staphylococcus spp. and Proteus spp. were isolated by the use of serial dilution and pour plating method. The percentage prevalence of Isolates shows that a total of 10 bacteria were isolated with samples from high level accounting for 50% of the isolates, North bank 30% and Wurukum samples 20%. Klebsiella spp. accounted for 30% of the isolates, Escherichia coli 10%, Staphylococcus and Bacillus spp. accounted for 20%. The resistance pattern of the isolates at different concentration (1-3%) of cypermethrin showed that all the isolates could grow in the presence of cypermethrin at 1% except Bacillus spp. However at 2%, only Klebsiella spp. grew; Staphylococcus spp. , Escherichia coli and Bacillus spp. were inhibited and therefore showed no growth. These findings revealed that cypermethrin had effects on the soil bacteria at higher concentration inhibiting their growth but tolerated at lower concentration. Therefore, indiscriminate use of insecticides should be avoided and more eco-friendly means of pest control should be employed to reduce the negative impact of synthetic pesticides on beneficial soil organisms. Key words: Cypermethrin, resistance, pesticide, biomass, eco-friendly.
Highly ordered polyaniline as an efficient dye remover

Polyaniline was synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization procedure at room temperature employing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant and ferrous chloride (FeCl2·2H2O) and vanadyl sulphate (VOSO4·H2O) as co-catalysts, respectively. The obtained polymers were characterized by high resolution powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, UV–Visible, photoluminescence spectroscopy, thermogravimetric Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. Ordered arrangement indicative of semi-crystalline nature of polyaniline was evidenced from the presence of intense reflection at d = 13.72 Å in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern followed by two lesser intense peaks at 4.61 and 3.47 Å. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopic results indicated the polyaniline to be emeraldine salt form. Fibrous morphology was observed in scanning electron microscope images. Nearly 93% of Methyl Orange dye was adsorbed in 30 min by the ordered polyaniline at room temperature. No significant difference in the crystallinity and/or ordering was noticed in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern after dye adsorption. The correlation between the ordered structure of polyaniline and its higher adsorption property derived in the current study has the potential to fabricate devices consisting polyaniline to detect dye molecules.
Thermal Mapping of a High-Speed Electric Motor Used for Traction Applications and Analysis of Various Cooling Methods—A Review

This paper gives a comprehensive review of advanced cooling schemes and their applications to the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), as well as investigating the electrical motor’s topologies its thermal design issues, materials and performances. Particularly, the electromagnetic and electric performances, machine sizing, together with the structural design, are given. In addition, the work addresses the motor’s material design and properties along with its insulation performance, which is the main goal of optimization. Mainly, thermal mapping with analysis is provided according to the different cooling methods, including air-cooling, water-cooling, oil-cooling, heat-pipe-cooling, potting silicon gelatin cooling, and as well as cooling strategies for tubes and microchannels. The most common special features and demands of the PMSMs are described in the appearance of the motor’s failures caused by uncontrolled temperature rise. In addition, heat sources and energy losses, including copper loss, core loss versus motor speed, and output power, are analyzed. The review of the proposed cooling methods that will achieve the required heat transfer of the PMSM is presented with numerical simulations and measurements data. A review of numerical methods and results, including the finite element methods (FEM), such as the Ansys CFD software, to obtain a high-accuracy thermal mapping model of the PMSM system is given. The revived methods and design requirements due to PMSM temperature profile and cooling flow at different rotor speeds and torque loads are investigated. Finally, the motor design recommendations, including the newly developed cooling solutions, which enable it to effectively redistribute the temperature and heat transfer, increasing the efficiency of the PMSM machine, are laid out.
Partitioning Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of CO2 Using Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF)

Accurate partitioning of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 to gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) is crucial for understanding carbon cycle dynamics under changing climate. However, it remains as a long‐standing problem in global ecology due to lack of independent constraining information for the two offsetting component fluxes. solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), a mechanistic proxy for photosynthesis, holds great promise to improve NEE partitioning by constraining GPP. We developed a parsimonious SIF‐based approach for NEE partitioning and examined its performance using synthetic simulations and field measurements. This approach outperforms conventional approaches in reproducing simulated GPP and Reco, especially under high vapor pressure deficit. For field measurements, it results in lower daytime GPP and Reco than conventional approaches. This study made the first attempt to demonstrate SIF's potential for improving NEE partitioning accuracy and sets the stage for future efforts to examine its robustness and scalability under real‐world environmental conditions.
Co-Cross-Polarization Coherence Over the Sea Surface From Sentinel-1 SAR Data: Perspectives for Mission Calibration and Wind Field Retrieval

Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been used for years to estimate high-resolution surface wind field from the ocean surface backscattered signal. Current SAR platforms have one single fixed antenna, and traditional inversion/retrieval schemes rely on one copolarized channel, leading to an unconstrained optimization problem for providing independent estimates of wind speed and direction. For routine application, this is generally solved with a priori information from the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, inducing severe limitations for rapidly evolving meteorological systems where discrepancies can be significant between model and measurements. In this study, we investigate the benefit of having two simultaneous acquisitions with phase-preserving information in copolarization and cross polarization provided by Sentinel-1 (S-1). A comprehensive analysis of the co-cross-polarization coherence (CCPC) is performed to adequately estimate and calibrate CCPC values from S-1 interferometric wide (IW) mode images acquired over the ocean. A new polarimetric calibration (PolCAL) methodology based on least-squares (LS) criterion and direct matrix inversion is proposed yielding crosstalk estimates. We document CCPC odd symmetry with respect to relative wind direction for light to medium wind speeds (up to 14 m/s) and incidence angle from 30° to 45°. The azimuthal modulation is found to increase with both wind speed and incidence angle. An analytical model C-band polarimetric geophysical model function (CPGMF) is provided. The synergy of the CCPC with other radar parameters, such as backscattering coefficients or Doppler, to further constrain the inversion scheme is assessed, opening new perspectives for SAR-based wind field retrieval independent of any NWP model information.
A global review of life history studies on burrowing crayfish

Burrowing crayfishes have historically lacked life history data due to their elusive nature and difficultly extracting them from burrows. This review provides a synopsis of current literature on burrowing crayfishes’ life histories and a quantitative analysis of published life history content. Only 69 publications covering 94 burrowing species (approx. 39%) met our criteria for a life history study. Many species had only partial life histories documented and two genera (Engaewa and Tenuibranchiurus) had no life history studies available. Size and reproductive season were the most recorded traits across studies while others such as mortality and age/size at molting events were rarely recorded. Reproductive investment, an important predictor of imperilment, was lacking in 87% of burrowing species. Our review emphasizes the need to include life history data with new species descriptions and conduct basic life history studies to effectively assess data-deficient species and protect the future of our threatened burrowing crayfishes.
Churn Prediction of Employees Using Machine Learning Techniques

Employees are considered as the most valuable assets of any organization. Various policies have been introduced by the HR professionals to create a good working environment for them, but still, the rate of employees quitting the Technology Industry is quite high. Often the reason behind their early attrition could be due to company-related or personal issues, such as No satisfaction at the workplace, Fewer opportunities for learning, Undue Workload, Less Encouragement, and many others. This paper aims in discussing a structured way for predicting the churn rate of the employees by implementing various Classification techniques like SVM, Random Forest classifier, and Naives Bayes classifier. The performance of the classifiers was compared using metrics like Confusion Matrix, Recall, False Positive Rate, and Accuracy to determine the best model for the churn prediction. We found that among the models, the Random Forest classifier proved to be the best model for IT employee churn prediction. A Correlation Matrix was generated in the form of a heatmap to identify the important features that might impact the attrition rate.
A Big Data Analysis of Job Position Status Based on Natural Language Processing

With the development of the Internet and computer technology, news on the Internet has gradually been able to influence the development of the economy. In some special periods, with the development of major events, the economy and finance have undergone similar development and changes. This paper proposes a simplified natural language processing method for multi-grained text. First, the news text data is classified according to sentiment, and the correlation between corporate loans and job retention ability is further analysed. The experimental results show that under certain conditions, the Loans issued to SMEs are more conducive to retaining the number of jobs than large enterprises.
Quantification of Pathogenicity Genes Expression in Pectobacterium carotovorum by qRT-PCR

Bacterial soft rot disease is one of the most important and widespread bacterial diseases that cause destructive losses to the crop in a matter of days. The disease causes severe many vegetable crops including potato. In this study, four isolates of Pectobacterium carotovorum the main causal of the soft rot disease were isolated from naturally rotted tubers. Then, the isolates were subjected to a new set of primer pairs designed to amplify the pel gene which distinguish the P. carotovorum strains. The results confirmed that four isolates belong to P. carotovorum by having the pel gene. Then, a pathogenicity test was performed on potato tubers which showed variability between the isolates in pathogenicity and diseases severity. Finally, a quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) technique was used to investigate the effect of the presence of the potatoes tissues on stimulating the expression of the pathogenicity genes. The gene expression of five pathogenicity genes was studied included: polygalacturonase (Peh), pectate lyase (Pel), xylanase (Xy), protease (Prt), and cellulase (Cel). The results confirmed that the presence of potatoes tissues stimulates the expression of pathogenicity genes in both strong and weak P. carotovorum isolates.
Validity of 24-h Void Duration as an Indicator of Hydration Status

Context: Few user-friendly hydration assessment techniques exist for the general population to use on a daily basis. Objective: This study evaluated 24-h urine duration as a valid indicator of hydration status. Design: For two trials, subjects voided into a large, medical grade container at the first urge to void. For the other two trials, subjects voided at any level of urgency they desired. Participants were given a stopwatch and asked to record the duration of each void to the nearest whole second, voiding at a “normal”, unforced pace. Specific order of the trials was randomized and counter-balanced. Setting: Materials were distributed and returned to the Human Performance Laboratory at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Participants collected their voids outside of the laboratory. Participants: 13 males and 18 females volunteered for this study (Age=23± 9y, Body Mass=25.1±4.1kg). Interventions: The intervention was hydration status, euhydrated versus dehydrated. For the dehydrated trials, participants were given 500 mL of water and asked to only drink that during the 24-h collection period. For the euhydrated trials, fluid consumption was encouraged. Participants were instructed to void into the container at the first urge to void during one of the euhydrated trials and one of the dehydrated trials. For the other euhydrated and dehydrated trials, the participants voided at free will (i.e., ad libitum). The participants were asked to draw a straight line on the container at the level of urine, mark the urge to void, and the duration of each void. The hydration status of each sample was classified by urine specific gravity (USG) as either euhydrated (USG <1.020) or dehydrated (USG ≥ 1.020). Results: USG was different in the euhydrated and dehydrated trials (1.012 ± .004 versus 1.023 ± .003 for first urge and 1.012 ± .004 versus 1.024 ± .003 for ad libitum urge, respectively; p<0.05). For both the first urge and ad libitum trials, individual voids were longer when euhydrated versus dehydrated (19 ± 5s versus 15 ± 6s for first urge and 20± 5s versus 16 ± 3s for ad libitum urge, p<.05). Total duration of all voids over 24-h were longer in the euhydrated compared to the dehydrated trials (133 ± 84s versus 61 ± 45s, p<.0001 for first urge and 149 ± 93s versus 64 ± 52s, p<.0001 for ad libitum urge). Duration was not affected by void urgency when voiding in a euhydrated (P=0.208) and dehydrated (P=.097) state. Conclusions: This data suggests that over 24-h, healthy adults tend to void for a longer period of time when they are hydrated compared to dehydrated, regardless if voiding at first urge or ad libitum. These findings validate 24-h urine duration as a valid and simple indicator of hydration status for the general public.
Electrical conductivity and optical band gap studies of polypyrrole doped with different acids

Doped polypyrrole samples were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization technique with Ammonium peroxydisulphate as an oxidant. Electrical conductivity and optical band gap of chemically synthesized polypyrrole doped with Hydrochloric acid (HCI), Sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSO) have been studied at room temperature and normal pressure. Electrical conductivity and Energy band gap of these materials are determined by I-V characteristics and absorption spectra in the wavelength range 300 -800 nm by spectrophotometer, respectively. I-V characteristics of all the samples were found to be linear. The conductivity of DBSO doped polypyrrole is higher as compared to polypyrrole doped with HCI and H 2 SO 4 . From the analysis of absorption spectra, the band gaps of polypyrrole doped with chloride ion (Cl - ), sulfate ion (SO 4 2- ) and (DBS') ions have been found to be 2.38, 2.39 and 2.33 eV, respectively.
Topical Application of Ascorbic Acid Solution as an Adjunctive Method of Periodontal Therapy among Wet Snuff Users after Prosthodontics Therapy

Background: During several years, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) played a significant role in the health of periodontal tissues. The goals of prosthodontics management are to restore the missing teeth, provide the loss of teeth functions, and establish acceptable dental esthetics, and there are some evidences revealing the passive effects of snuff on the results of prosthodontics and periodontal treatment, so the present study is performed to evaluate the outcomes of topical application of ascorbic acid solution as an adjunctive method of periodontal therapy among wet sniff users after prosthodontics therapy. Methods: The clinical situation was evaluated in 150 moderate periodontitis patients after conventional periodontal and prosthodontics therapy. They were selected from outpatient clinics, college of dentistry, King Khalid University, and from some hospitals Ministry of Health in Tabuk, Jazan and Aseer regions. The study was conducted from September 2020 to December 2020. The time of post-treatment assessment was one year. The study was included 50 patients who don’t use wet snuff as a group I (GI) (control group), 50 patients wet snuff users as group II (GII), and 50 patients wet snuff users were treated with topical application of ascorbic acid solution as group III (GIII). The participants were aged over 20 years, with a mean age of 35 years. The duration of using wet snuff was at least one year. Plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded at baseline (first visit), then after 4 weeks (second visit) and after 6 weeks (third visit) of conventional periodontal therapy and topical application of ascorbic acid solution. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA test and paired t-test. Results: According to statistical analysis, there was the inclination of decrease in the mean and standard deviation of plaque index (PLI) from 2.8 ± 1.4 to 2.5 ± 0.51, and 2.7 ± 0.33 in group II, and decrease from 2.7 ± 0.34 to 2.5 ± 0.23 and 2.6 ± 0.65 in group III. Similarly in the gingival index (GI), there was a decrease in the mean and standard deviation from 2.8 ± 0.52 to 2.3 ± 0.62 and 2.5 ± 0.51 in group II and a decrease from 2.5 ± 0.8 to 2.3 ± 0.58 and 2.4 ± 0.47 in group III. Moreover, there was a decrease in the mean and standard deviation of clinical attachment loss (CAL) from 4.5 ± 0.26 to 3.9 ± 0.83 and 4.2 ± 0.83 in group II and from 4.2 ± 0.31 to 3.8 ± 0.46 and 3.8 ± 0.31 in group III; less than group I without significance differences (p > 0. 05) in all study groups at baseline and after 4 weeks, and 6 weeks of follow up except CAL. Conclusion: The results of our study displayed that periodontal parameters vary among wet snuff users after topical application of ascorbic acid solution as an adjunctive method of periodontal therapy
Generation of the Amundsen Sea Low by Antarctic Orography

The Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) is a distinctive feature of the Southern Hemisphere high latitude atmospheric circulation, regulating regional Antarctic climate, meridional heat transport, ocean circulation, and sea‐ice in the Amundsen‐Bellingshausen Seas. Most previous research on the ASL has focused on its variability with only a few studies attempting to understand why the climatological ASL exists. These studies have proposed different hypotheses to explain the presence of the ASL, however, a clear understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the generation of the ASL remains uncertain. Here we use an atmospheric general circulation model to show that the ASL is a consequence of the interaction between Antarctic topography and the westerly wind jet, with negligible influence from low‐latitude teleconnections. A nonrotating fluid flow simulation further suggests that the ASL can be explained by flow separation resulting from the interaction of westerly winds with the topography of Antarctica.