Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM USE OF INSECTICIDE TREATED BEDNETS ON SPECIES COMPOSITION AND KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE IN MALARIA VECTORS IN ASEMBO LOCATION OF WESTERN KENYA

Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) for personal protection against malaria vectors have been in use for the control of malaria in most tropical areas where malaria transmission is intense. However, the emergence of insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors of malaria may impair the effectiveness of this control measure. Insecticide resistance has been reported in several countries, Kenya included. Effects of long-term use of ITNs on species composition and knockdown resistance (kdr) were investigated in Asembo Location of Western Kenya where a large scale ITN program has been implemented since 1997. Mosquitoes were sampled from a 12km transect in February and May 2004 from Asembo ITN intervention area and the adjacent Seme non-ITN intervention area. Indoor collection of adult mosquitoes from human dwellings was done using mouth aspirators and larval collection from habitats around homesteads using dippers. The mosquitoes were identified morphologically as Anopheles gambiae s.l. and as An. arabiensis or An. gambiae s.s. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis of the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) allele was done using kdr diagnostic PCR. Results showed that there was significant reduction in the proportions of An. gambaie s.s. in Asembo with relatively higher proportion of An. arabiensis compared to Seme (Binomial regression GenMod procedure, P<O.OOOI). The kdr allele was present in An. gambiae s.s. only but absent in An. arabiensis. There was no statistical difference in kdr allele frequency trend along the transect (logistic regression, df=l, X=2.7664, P=0.0963). Overall, the frequency of kdr gene was 25% in Asembo and 16.7% in Seme despite lack of wide spread use of ITNs in Seme. Nevertheless, these kdr allele frequencies were not statistically different from each other (Fisher Exact test, F=17.9614, df=2, P=0.05274). The genetic differentiation based on the kdr allele was estimated but was also not significant with a low genetic variability (Fst value) of 0.0098, which corresponded to migration index (Nm value) of 25.23. The difference in kdr phenotypes between Asembo and Seme mosquitoes was not significantly different (ANOVA, F=8.71E-16, df=l.4, P=l.OOO). These results suggest free interaction between the Asembo and Seme mosquito populations. The observations of this study suggest that widespread use of ITN s in Western Kenya has led to an increase in kdr frequency ~reading to adjacent Seme non-ITN intervention area. Another impact of long-term use of ITNs was seen in altered species proportions (less An. gambiae proportion and more An. arabiensis in Asembo than Seme). Though the kdr allele responsible for knockdown resistance in mosquitoes was absent in An. arabiensis, this species is known to be exophilic hence may not be effectively controlled by use of ITNs.
The twisted Selberg trace formula and the Selberg zeta function for compact orbifolds

We study elements of the spectral theory of compact hyperbolic orbifolds $\Gamma \backslash \mathbb{H}^{n}$. We establish a version of the Selberg trace formula for non-unitary representations of $\Gamma$ and prove that the associated Selberg zeta function admits a meromorphic continuation to $\mathbb{C}$.
Architectures of Delay Line ADC and Delay Cells for Digital DC-DC Converters

A survey and classification of architectures is presented in this paper for delay line ADC and its delay cells targeting digital control of DC-DC converters. Previously presented designs are identified as particular cases of the proposed classification. In order to optimize occupied area and power consumption, a general architecture is designed, which includes one delay line and thermometer-decode. And a particular example of the delay line ADC is described. The ADC operates at 4 MHz switching frequency and has low power consumption and small area. Experimental results verify the functionality of the designed delay line ADC.
Long-Distance Moves and Labour Market Outcomes of Dual-Earner Couples in the UK and Germany

Chances are high that partners in dual-earner couples do not receive equal occupational returns from long-distance moves, because job opportunities are distributed heterogeneously in space. Which partners are more likely to receive relatively higher returns after moves? Recent research shows the stratification of returns by gender and highlights the importance of gender roles in mobility decisions. I extend past literature in two ways. First, while past research mostly examined partners separately, I directly test for gender differences in matched pairs of women and men in dual-earner couples and account for the nonindependence of both careers. Second, I compare evidence from the United Kingdom (UK) and Germany to shed light on the effects of institutional and normative contexts. For my analysis, I draw longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey and the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (1991-2008). My results show that women in dual-earner couples are temporarily adversely affected in their careers by long-distance moves in the UK and West Germany after controlling for various characteristics of both partners. Women in East Germany are not affected by long-distance moves. Moves do not change wage rates significantly for women and men that stay in employment in both countries.
Antimicrobial efficiency of Allium atroviolaceum extract on Rainbow trout in different temperature and storage time

Foodborne diseases in nature are usually infectious or toxic, caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemicals, transmitted through food or water contaminated by the human body. To control the disease, as well as to ensure that the food is safe and healthy, its risks must be checked, detected and controlled. The goals of food industry are to produce healthy and high quality products that requires no contamination with bacteria. The use of natural preservatives such as herbal extracts and essential oils is recommended. Allium atroviolaceum is a family of Alliaceae and is a perennial herb which has a high nutritional value. The role of plant extracts has been evaluated as a preservative. Correspondence S.A. A Anvar, Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: Saaa4824@gmail.com ). The total number of bacteria calculated followed by treatment of the aqueous and ethanol extractions of the A. atroviolaceum on rainbow trout fish fillet. 100 μl of aqueous and alcoholic extracts followed by ten times dilution used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration, then 25 grams of rainbow trout fillet was submerged with the best concentrations of aqueous and alcoholic extracts. The results illustrated that the best aqueous and alcoholic extractions against Staphylococcus aureus was 3.125 mg ml and 6.25 mg ml and followed by treatment on fish both type of extraction showed inhibition on growth of bacteria compare to control group. So we believe that this plant has such a valuable effect to improve the quality and shelf life of fish.
Chemical imaging of ambient aerosol particles: Observational constraints on mixing state parameterization

A new parameterization for quantifying the mixing state of aerosol populations has been applied for the first time to samples of ambient particles analyzed using spectro‐microscopy techniques. Scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy/near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (STXM/NEXAFS) and computer‐controlled scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (CCSEM/EDX) were used to probe the composition of the organic and inorganic fraction of individual particles collected on 27 and 28 June during the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects study in the Central Valley, California. The first field site, T0, was located in downtown Sacramento, while T1 was located near the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Mass estimates of the aerosol particle components were used to calculate mixing state metrics, such as the particle‐specific diversity, bulk population diversity, and mixing state index, for each sample. The STXM data showed evidence of changes in the mixing state associated with a buildup of organic matter confirmed by collocated measurements, and the largest impact on the mixing state was due to an increase in soot dominant particles during this buildup. The mixing state from STXM was similar between T0 and T1, indicating that the increased organic fraction at T1 had a small effect on the mixing state of the population. The CCSEM/EDX analysis showed the presence of two types of particle populations: the first was dominated by aged sea‐salt particles and had a higher mixing state index (indicating a more homogeneous population); the second was dominated by carbonaceous particles and had a lower mixing state index.
Macadamia Nutshell Biochar for Nitrate Removal: Effect of Biochar Preparation and Process Parameters

Agricultural runoff is a major cause of degradation to freshwater sources. Nitrate is of particular interest, due to the abundant use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in agricultural practices globally. This study investigated the nitrate removal of biochar produced from an agricultural waste product, macadamia nutshell (MBC). Kinetic experiments and structural analyses showed that MBC pyrolsed at 900 °C exhibited inferior NO3− removal compared to that pyrolsed at 1000 °C, which was subsequently used in the column experiments. Concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/L, with flowrates of 2, 5 and 10 mL/min, were examined over a 360 min treatment time. Detailed statistical analyses were applied using 23 factorial design. Nitrate removal was significantly affected by flowrate, concentration and their interactions. The highest nitrate removal capacity of 0.11 mg/g MBC was achieved at a NO3− concentration of 15 mg/L and flowrate of 2 mL/min. The more crystalline structure and rough texture of MBC prepared at 1000 °C resulted in higher NO3− removal compared to MBC prepared at 900 °C. The operating parameters with the highest NO3− removal were used to study the removal capacity of the column. Breakthrough and exhaustion times of the column were 25 and 330 min respectively. Approximately 92% of the column bed was saturated after exhaustion.
Flux of ammonium from surf-zone and nearshore sediments in Nahant Bay, Massachusetts, USA, in relation to free-living Pilayella littoralis

The availab~lity of inorganic nitrogen in the surf-zone of Nahant Bay, Massachusetts, USA, was studied in relation to the distribution and decomposition of a free-living population of the filamentous brown alga Pilayella littoralis. Slight ammonium enrichment was evident in the surf zone of one beach location and in the immediate vicinity of a sewage treatment plant outfall. Profiles of sediment ammonium were determined over an annual cycle at 4 mid-intertidal beach sites. Most sites contained sediment ammonium from 0.05 to 0.1 pm01 cm-l, while one site with chronic algal deposition and burial showed greatly elevated sediment ammonium levels ( 5 6 pm01 cm-3). Efflux of ammonium from deep and shallow subtidal sediments and from intertidal surf-zone sediments was typically 5 1 0 0 ~ m o l m-' h-', except at the site with chronic algal burial and decomposition, where flux of ammonium ranged from 200 to 2000 pm01 m-' h ' Sed~ment concentrations and benthic flux of ammonium from sandy subtidal and surf-zone sediments are generally low in Nahant Bay; however, beaches with chronic deposition and burial of free-living P. littoralis have very high ammonium content and flux owing to the decomposition of algae that have effectively concentrated nitrogen from a much larger area of the bay.
Reproductive cycle of the broomtail wrasse, Cheilinus lunulatus inhabiting coral reef in Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt.

The present study deals with demonstrate the reproductive cycle of the broomtail wrasse, Cheilinus lunulatus which monthly collected from coral reef in Abu Galawa lagoon, Hurghada, Red Sea, during the period from December 2011 to November 2012. Results showed that, the averages of male and female gonadosomatic indices (GSI) were gradually increased during spring and summer months. Irregular trend was recorded to the female hepatosomatic index during all months of the year. It may be due to partially spawning in this fish. Shape, weight, size, colour, texture and structure of gonads were changed with the change of maturity stages. The testicular activity can be classified into five stages: immature stage, stimulating spermatogenesis, rapid spermatogenesis, mature (ripe) testis and Spent testis. Seven stages were recognized during the ovarian activity (previtellogenesis, earlyvitellogenesis, mid-vitellogensis, late-vitellogenesis, pre-spawning, ripe and spent stages). The testicular and ovarian developments were initiated when the day length (photoperiod) and water temperature had begun to increase during March to April. During May to August, however, the gradual increase of both photoperiod and water temperature reached its maximum values, gonads had ensured completion of testicular and ovarian development. It was concluded that Cheilinus lunulatus in Abu-Galawa lagoon of Hurghada, partially spawned during a long spawning season, which extended from May to October. It synchronizes between both males and females with coordination to increasing of both photoperiod and water temperature.
Assessment of single extraction methods for the prediction of bioavailability of metals to Vigna unguiculata l (beans) grown on crude oil contaminated soil

The bioavailability of toxic metals in the soils is increasingly an important issue as soil always becomes contaminated from various anthropogenic activities. Total concentrations of metals in the soils are generally poor indicators of metal toxicity because they exit in different solution and solid phase forms that can differ in terms of their bioavailability. As such, regulators are looking at bioavailability as an indicator of risk associated with metal contamination in soils. Since the bioavailability of metals, their biological uptake and eco-toxicological effect on soil biota can be understood better in terms of their biogeochemical forms, the study assessed the effect of crude oil applied at rates, 0, 2, 5, and 10% on the fractional chemical forms and availability of some metals in soils from Usen, Edo State, with no known crude oil contamination and soil from a crude oil spill site in Ubeji, Delta State, Nigeria, using several techniques as a basis for predicting metal uptake by plants. Bean seeds were grown in the contaminated soil for 21days and the metal concentrations in the seedlings were compared with the total soil metal concentrations, bioavailable metal concentrations and EDTA-extractable metal concentrations. Keywords : bioavailability, chemical forms, crude oil-contaminated soil, EDTA, metal concentrations,
Tungsten is Essential for Long-Term Maintenance of Members of Candidate Archaeal Genus Aigarchaeota Group 4

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Value in Studying Microbial “Dark Matter” . 1 Origins of Aigarchaeota and Known Metabolism . 2 Tungsten in Biological Systems . 6 Tungsten Transporter Systems . 7 Other Tungsten-Associated Enzymes . 8 Tungsten Distribution and Evolutionary Implications . 9 Impetus for Studying Aigarchaeota Group 4 and Aigarchaeota Group 4 Lab Maintenance . 11 Methods for Measuring Tungsten in Spring Water . 12 Preliminary Tungsten Growth Experiments . 15 Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization and Application in Microbial Ecology . 18 Project Purpose and Approaches . 18 CHAPTER TWO: MATERIALS AND METHODS Enrichment Media and Cultivation Conditions of Aigarchaeota Group 4 . 21 Cell Harvest . 22 DNA Extraction . 23 RNA Extraction and Reverse Transcription PCR . 23
The comparison of electrooptical properties of PDLC liquid-crystalline composites in visual and near-IR ranges

Electrooptical properties of conventional Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals (PDLC) composites were compared in visual and near-IR ranges for the electrically-induced light transmission effect. It was confirmed that the most important for the optical contrast value is the matching of refractive indices of the polymer matrix and dispersed droplets of liquid crystal, as well as matching droplet size and wavelength of incident radiation. The optimization of electrooptical parameters of such materials needs new liquid-crystalline mixtures dedicated for near-IR range. The studied effect can be applied for manufacturing window glasses with electrically adjusted transmission of infrared radiation.
Understanding the Role of Choline Chloride in Deep Eutectic Solvents Used for Biomass Delignification

The role of choline chloride in biomass delignification by a deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing lactic acid was investigated. In this study, the influence of choline chloride on pulping of Eucalyptus globulus chips was determined. Pulping experiments were performed at 120 °C for 8 h with a DES to wood ratio of 20:1. Various experiments were performed to study the influence of choline chloride on lignin solubility, cleaving reactions, and mass transfer in order to gain an understanding of the observed pulping results. It was found that the chloride anion is the active component of choline chloride. In fact, the inexpensive salt NaCl performed as well as choline chloride in that respect. Furthermore, choline chloride is already effective in a 1:250 M ratio to lactic acid. Studies on milled wood lignin show that choline chloride increases the cleavage rate of β-O-4 and thereby increases the delignification rate of biomass. Furthermore, choline chloride slightly decreased the solubility of lignin in DESs .
Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis in Data Mining

An essential part of our information-gathering behavior has constantly been to discover ―what other people think‖. With the explosion of Web 2.0 platforms such as blogs, discussion forums, peer-to-peer networks, and various other types of social media and actively use information technologies to find and appreciate the opinions of others. This paper covers techniques that ability to directly facilitate opinion-oriented information-seeking systems and complete workflow of Opinion mining and sentiment analysis in which those techniques can be implement and also discusses about the application of opinion mining and sentiment analysis and discuss about tools through which are used to track the opinion or polarity from the user generated contents.
STUDIES ON THE MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND ECOLOGY OF ANACAMPTIS PYRAMIDALIS (L.) L. C. M. RICHARD (ORCHIDACEAE) IN TURKEY

Morphological, anatomical and ecological characteristics of Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) L. C. M. Richard in Turkey were investigated in this study. Plant materials of A. pyramidalis were provided from 21 native populations between 2007 and 2009 in Turkey, and their localities were recorded. A. pyramidalis samples were evaluated within 19 morphological, 20 anatomical, and 18 soil characters & habitat properties. The findings of this study are as follows: The plant length was minimum 248 mm and maximum 655 mm, underground part length minimum 23 mm and maximum 140 mm, and number of leaves change between 2 and 14. The leaves were tetrastic, had no trichomes. In surface section of the leaves, the cuticle thickness (abaxial and adaxial), epidermis cell size (abaxial and adaxial) stomata dimensions and stomata index were measured. The epidermal cells’ rows were parellel to the midrib. In cross sections of the leaves, upper epidermis was larger than lower epidermis. Vascular bundles were collateral and consist of xylem, phloem and sclerenchyma cells. Raphide bundles were observed in the mesophyll tissue and leaf midrib had lacunas. Chlorenchyma had scattered homogeneously. According to habitat definition of A. pyramidalis it grows from sea level to 1600 m whereas the most common habitat of A. pyramidalis are meadow, macchie and gaps in the forest lands. A. pyramidalis are grown in stony soils and also are rich in clay, and medium in organic carbon. pH of the soils differ from 6.77 to 7.54.
Works Title Exploring Coping and Social Support with Gender and Education Among People Living with HIV in China Permalink

Social support promotes positive coping strategies among people living with HIV (PLH); however, little is known about the various aspects of social support and their distinct effects on coping. The present study investigates the specific links between coping and perceived social support with respect to gender and education among PLH. A total of 522 PLH in Anhui, China, participated in an assessment that collected data on demographics, perceived tangible and emotional support, and cognitive and behavioral coping. The assessment was conducted using the computer-assisted personal interviewingmethod. The data were analyzed using linear mixed models. Emotional support was significantly associated with both cognitive and behavioral coping. Tangible support was significantly associated with behavioral coping but not with emotional coping. Women reported significantly lower levels of emotional support, cognitive coping, and behavioral coping than men did. Significant associations between tangible support and coping were found only among illiterate males. Women living with HIV are in greater need of social support and coping strategies. Future interventions should be gender specific, with targeted support for women with lower education levels to enhance their coping strategies. Resumen El apoyo social promueve estrategias positivas de afrontamiento entre las personas viviendo con el VIH (PVV). Sin embargo, poco es sabido sobre los aspectos variados del apoyo social y sus efectos distintos del afrontamiento. Este estudio investiga las enlaces especı́ficas entre el afrontamiento y el apoyo social percibido con el respeto al genero y la educación entre PVV. Un total de 522 PVV de Anhui, China participaron en la evaluación la cual colectaba data demográfico, data del apoyo emocional y perceptivo, y data del afrontamiento cognitivo y conductual. La evaluación fue analizado usando modelos mixtos y lineales. El apoyo emocional era asociado significativamente con el afrontamiento conductual pero no con el afrontamiento cognitivo. El apoyo tangible era asociado significativamente con el afrontamiento conductual per no con el afrontamiento emocional. Las mujeres reportaron niveles del apoyo emocional, del afrontamiento cognitivo, y del afrontamiento conductual significadamente bajos que los hombres. Encontraron las asociaciones significados entre el apoyo tangible y el apoyo cognitivo entre los hombres analfabetos. Las mujeres viviendo con VIH necesitan mas apoyo social con estrategias del afrontamiento. Las intervenciones futuros deben ser diseñados según el genero, con el apoyo dirigido para las mujeres con bajos niveles de educación para que mejoren sus estrategias del afrontamiento.
A new approach: the local feature extraction based on the new regulation of the locally preserving projection

A novelty of the local feature extraction was proposed for face recognition. To optimize the Eigenvalue and Eigenvector, a new regulation has been embedded to the Locally Preserving Projection. The proposed method has reduced computation time to obtain the new subspace of the original of the Locally Preserving Projection. The proposed method has also produced orthogonal basis function matrix. However, orthogonal basis function matrix can reconstruct easier than non-orthogonal function. The proposed method has been evaluated by using three face image databases, they are the University of Bern, the YALE-A, and the ORL face image databases. The experimental results of the proposed method have produced the recognition rate 96% for the University of Bern, 96.19% for the YALE-A and 98% for the ORL facial image databases. The experimental results of the proposed method have produced higher recognition rate than the Principal Component Analysis, the Linear Discriminant Analysis and the Locally Preserving Projection.