Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A National Survey of Veterans Treatment Court Actors

Several controversies surround Veterans Treatment Courts (VTCs), such as excluding veterans who commit violent offenses and requiring a direct relationship between a veteran’s charges and mental health diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine VTC actors’ perceptions of these issues via a national survey. VTC Judges, Coordinators, and Veterans Affairs liaisons were presented two randomly assigned hypothetical clients and asked their perceptions of the hypothetical clients’ eligibility for VTC. The violent crime committed by the clients and their mental health diagnoses were manipulated in these scenarios. Participants were also asked for their perceptions of VTC issues and to describe the current practices of their VTCs. Results indicated participants were supportive of the domestic violence client’s participation in VTC, regardless of diagnosis, however most were not supportive of the involuntary manslaughter clients’ participation. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
Inspection of Imprint Defects in Stamped Metal Surfaces Using Deep Learning and Tracking

This article focuses on the automatic detection and classification of imprint defects on the surface of metal parts. This innovative research had collaboration with a multinational industry, which provided a system to capture images of vehicle parts as well as information about defects, their frequency, and quality requirements. As our main contribution, we propose a framework that combines detection, classification, and tracking in a synergistic way to assist the automotive industry. We use a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network, known as RetinaNet, to detect and classify imprint defects. We explore the temporal coherence in consecutive frames by tracking detected regions so as to reduce false alarms—unstable candidate regions that are rarely (re)detected many times—or to fix the classification of regions that are alternated classified as mild or severe imprint across frames. In our experiments, we achieve a mean average precision of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$76\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> to detect and classify mild and severe defects, outperforming state-of-the-art detectors for static images. For severe imprints only, we achieve precision and recall values of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$90\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$92\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. These are promising results that could also benefit other industrial applications such as inspection of fissures, holes, wrinkles, and scratches, that also use image sequences.
CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC STUDIES ON
ABORTED FOETUSES

Miscarriage is spontaneous or induced interruption of pregnancy until 20 complete weeks. Miscarriages occur in approximately 15% of diagnosed pregnancies. Achromosomal abnormality derived from one parent or the recurrence of a numerical abnormality might be a cause recurrent abortion. The present study was conducted on thirty two medically terminated foetuses with gestational week between 14 to 20 week were included as test group and eighteen healthy children of the age ranged from 2 months to 2 years as control subjects. All these aborted foetuses were referred from various infertility clinics and maternity centers of Kerala to Genetika, Centre for advanced genetic studies, Trivandrum for chromosome analysis. Various demographic, physiological, clinical and life style characteristics of the couple (parents) were collected using proforma. Karyotype analysis was performed using intracardiac puncture blood sample of the aborted foetuses and venous blood samples were collected from the control subjects to detect chromosome abnormalities, if any. Cytokinesis-Block Micronuclei (CBMN) Assay was also performed on each sample by using cytochalasin B for quantitating the extent of somatic DNAdamages. Regarding the foetal karyotype analysis, 52.94% (n=18) of the study subjects showed abnormal karyotype and 47.06% (n=16) showed normal karyotype. The mean CBMN frequency of study subject was greater than that of control subjects. The higher incidence of abnormal foetal karyotype and increased mean CBMN frequency was found among subjects with advanced maternal and paternal age. Chromosomal analysis is an important etiological investigation in couples with repeated spontaneous abortions as it helps in genetic counseling and deciding about further reproductive options. Modifying lifestyle habits and proper medication will help to avoid future pregnancy loss.
Current Use of Carbon-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications—A Prospective and Review

Among a large number of current biomedical applications in the use of medical devices, carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene (G), graphene oxides (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and carbon nanotube (CNT) are frontline materials that are suitable for developing medical devices. Carbon Based Nanomaterials (CBNs) are becoming promising materials due to the existence of both inorganic semiconducting properties and organic π-π stacking characteristics. Hence, it could effectively simultaneously interact with biomolecules and response to the light. By taking advantage of such aspects in a single entity, CBNs could be used for developing biomedical applications in the future. The recent studies in developing carbon-based nanomaterials and its applications in targeting drug delivery, cancer therapy, and biosensors. The development of conjugated and modified carbon-based nanomaterials contributes to positive outcomes in various therapies and achieved emerging challenges in preclinical biomedical applications. Subsequently, diverse biomedical applications of carbon nanotube were also deliberately discussed in the light of various therapeutic advantages.
‘Our normal is different’: autistic adults’ experiences of the family courts

ABSTRACT This article reports the findings of a small-scale qualitative study exploring the experiences of autistic adults who have had experience of the family justice system. While participants related some positive elements to their experiences, in particular with regard to the willingness of professionals to try to learn more about their clients’ needs, the overall picture showed significant concerns. The reports given showed significant misunderstandings about autism, and a system which struggled to make appropriate adjustments which would allow autistic court users to have access to justice on an equivalent basis to non-autistic litigants. This situation stands in contrast to the position regarding other disabilities in the Family Justice System, but also to the relatively greater level of provision for autistic people within the Criminal Justice System. Based on participants’ experiences and existing good practice in other areas, we make recommendations that could be adopted by the Family Court and practitioners.
Higher-Order Unfolding of Peri/Centric Satellite Heterochromatin is an Early and Consistent Event in Cell Senescence: A Dissertation

Cellular senescence is thought to play an essential role in many biological functions including tumor suppression and organismal aging. Senescent cells, which are permanently removed from the cell cycle, can be found both in vivo in many different tissue types and in vitro within cultures of non-immortalized cells. Despite their inability to proliferate, these cells persist and remain metabolically active for indefinite periods of time. This physiologic process occurs in response to a variety of cellular insults including oxidative stress, shortened telomeres, constitutive oncogene expression, and DNA damage, and can be initiated by upregulation of one of the two known senescent pathways, involving p16/Rb or p53/p21. The senescent cell phenotype is also characterized by changes to cell and nuclear morphology and to the secretory profile of
Produção de cutinase por fusarium oxysporum utilizando sub-produtos agroindustriais

Cutinases sao enzimas amplamente encontradas na natureza, podendo ser obtidas de fontes vegetais ou microorganismos. Trata-se de uma esterase que atua tanto como esterase quanto como lipase, capaz de hidrolisar uma ampla variedade de esteres sinteticos e triglicerideos. Este perfil de atividade oferece-lhe um numero de aplicacoes importantes nas industrias como detergentes de roupas e loucas, alimentos, farmacos, agroquimicos e cosmeticos. Utilizando a fermentacao em estado solido (FES) e possivel a producao de uma enzima com caracteristicas interessantes de catalise, com baixo custo de producao e bom rendimento, e que possa ser empregada na industria de modo geral. Este trabalho utilizou FES para producao de cutinase por Fusarium oxysporum utilizando sub-produtos agricolas visando a selecao dos melhores meios e indutores para producao da enzima (utilizando fontes de carbono e minerais), otimizacao das condicoes de cultivo (avaliando os parâmetros temperatura e quantidade de agua do meio alem do estudo do inoculo), producao de cutinases utilizando diferentes substratos (farelo de trigo, casca de soja, farelo de arroz e produzida por meio liquido) e comparacao entre eles, alem da aplicacao das enzimas em reacoes de esterificacao para separacao enantiomerica de substâncias racemicas como o 2-octanol e o Ibuprofeno. De um modo geral o trabalho mostrou a producao de enzima de grande interesse comercial usando substratos diferentes e seu comportamento frente a reacoes de esterificacao. Tres meios solidos foram selecionados (farelo de trigo, casca de soja e farelo de arroz) e suas condicoes de cultivo otimizadas (temperatura 28oC e quantidade de agua do meio 100%). Nos testes de aplicacao das cutinases, para resolucao enantiomerica do 2-octanol todas as cutinases tiveram bons valores de esterificacao e enantioseletividade com destaque para farelo de trigo (76,4% de esterificacao apos 200 horas) e casca de soja (71,9% de esterificacao apos 200 horas). Para resolucao do farmaco racemico Ibuprofeno as cutinases mais efetivas foram as produzidas por farelo de arroz (5,1% de conversao apos 200 horas) e meio liquido (2,9% de conversao apos 200 horas). Esses resultados mostraram a diferenca entre o comportamento de cutinases, do mesmo microorganismo, produzidas em diferentes meios, e a grande possibilidade de utilizacao de cutinases para processos de interesse industrial Abstract
Stable Rate of Slip Along the Karakax Section of the Altyn Tagh Fault from Observation of Interglacial and Postglacial Offset Morphology and Surface Dating

Digital elevation maps obtained using TanDEM‐X and Pleiades data combined with newly obtained surface age estimates using cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) and optically simulated luminescence (OSL) methods are used to quantify the slip rate along the western section of the Altyn Tagh Fault in southern Xinjiang. The reconstruction of the conical shape of massive alluvial fans inferred to be from the Eemian (115±7 ka) from CRN dating shows consistent left‐lateral offsets of 300±20 m, yielding a slip rate of 2.6±0.3 mm/year. Successive episodes of incision have left cut terraces inset in wide canyons, 10–25 m below the fans' surface. The incision was followed by the deposition of a broad terrace of early Holocene age, which is reincised by modern stream channels. Near the village of Shanxili, a 200 m wide valley is partially dammed by a shutter ridge displaced by the fault. A fill terrace deposited upstream from the ridge has an OSL age of 8.8±0.6 ka. The 23±2 m offset of the riser incising the terrace indicates a minimum postdepositional movement on the fault, yielding a Holocene rate of 2.6±0.5 mm/year, consistent with the 115‐ka average slip rate. Scarp degradation analysis using mass diffusion reveals a nonlinear relationship between fault displacement and degradation coefficient along the progressively exposed fault scarp, a pattern suggesting either seismic clustering or variable diffusion rate since the Eemian. Together with the Gozha Co‐Longmu Co fault to the south, the Karakax section of the Altyn Tagh Fault contributes to the eastward movement of the western corner of Tibet.
Sulphur anion metabolism in Rett syndrome patients: A pilot study

Abstract Although mutations in the MECP2 gene are associated with many cases of Rett syndrome (RS), the phenotype remains unexplained. At least in the early stages, RS and autism have common features; urinary analysis of autistic children has shown an abnormal profile of excretion of sulphur-containing anions, with high levels of sulphite, sulphate and thiosulphate and low values for thiocyanate ions. These parameters were therefore studied in an RS population. Levels of urinary peptides, protein, cysteine, free sulphate, conjugated sulphate, sulphite, thiosulphate and thiocyanate were determined in female RS patients (n = 21) and in controls (n = 21), using standard methods. The urinary volumes were adjusted to standard creatinine levels (200 nmol/mL). Children with RS had higher urinary peptides and protein excretion. Free sulphate values and total sulphate excretion were higher in RS (P < 0.001) than in controls. Cysteine, sulphite and thiosulphate excretion were elevated (P < 0.001) while thiocyanate excretion was greatly reduced (P < 0.001). These results are consistent with reduced expression or activity of the enzyme rhodanese (thiosulphate cyanide sulphurtransferase). Other mutation(s) in genes involved in metabolism of sulphur anions may also contribute to the RS phenotype.
Effects of Temperature on Bacterial Community Structure and Ester Generation of Fermenting Grains During Fermentation of a Maotai-flavor Chinese Liquor

Abstract To study the effect of temperature on the bacterial community structure and ester generation of fermentation of a Maotai-flavored Chinese liquor, grains were fermented anaerobically at 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C, respectively. The results of high-throughput sequencing and statistical analysis showed that temperature had an influence on the bacterial community structure and the diversity index of the fermenting grains. The relative abundance of some bacterial genera in fermenting grains varied greatly with temperature. The diversity index of the bacterial community structure of the fermenting grains generally increased with temperature. In the early stages of fermentation (within 20 days), temperature had a significant influence on bacterial community structure and on the diversity index of the fermenting grains, while at the last stage of fermentation (after 20 days), temperature had a lesser effect. Ester determination results showed that temperature had a significant influence on the ester generation of fermenting grains. Low temperature was beneficial for generating total esters, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, and ethyl caproate, whereas a high temperature was beneficial for generating ethyl lactate in the fermenting grains. The results of a correlation analysis showed that at different temperatures, the species and quantity of bacteria having a significant correlation regarding ester generation were very different.
Revegetation of urban green space rewilds soil microbiotas with implications for human health and urban design

Many noncommunicable diseases are linked to degraded diversity in the human and environmental microbiota and are rising globally in epidemic proportions in industrialized urban populations. Reducing this disease burden may be aided by the ecological restoration of microbiota and their habitat in urban green spaces—a process termed microbiome rewilding. Microbiome rewilding could serve as a mechanism to increase urban exposure to biodiversity; biodiversity could introduce microbiota species or functional diversity to improve immune training and regulation in urban populations. As a first step in examining this hypothesis, we explored the microbial diversity and composition of a variety of urban green space vegetation types relative to urban revegetated woodlands of varying levels of vegetation diversity, including lawns, vacant lots, parklands, and remnant woodlands. We generated amplicon sequence variant community profiles from bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA, fungal ITS1 region, and eukaryotic 18S rRNA marker genes. We also made trophic‐mode predictions of the fungal amplicon sequence variants. Across sites, soil microbiotas in revegetated urban green spaces were similar to remnant woodland microbiotas and differed greatly from lawns and vacant lots. There were several differentially abundant genera likely driving these differences that had strong correlations to plant species richness, soil pH, and conductivity. We provide the first evidence, as far as we know, that revegetation can improve urban soil microbiota diversity toward a more natural, biodiverse state by creating more wild habitat conditions. This evidence supports initiating further studies within the growing field of microbiome rewilding.
Education for Enhancing the Abilities of Engineers: A Survey Conducted in Japan and Its Analyses

While the study of science subjects at school is essential for the development of science and technology in society, it is a recognized fact that a large number of students show reluctance to study science and mathematics. Thus, it is of great significance to deliberate on ways to increase their interest in science subjects and enhance effectiveness of learning. We conducted a survey of researchers and engineers who exercise their scientific abilities in their work, asking about their experiences in science education and learning from elementary school to university. We then examined the relationship between their learning experiences and their abilities as researchers and engineers, and analysed the factors that would enhance students’ interest in science subjects and motivation to study these subjects. The results of our analysis show that “getting interested in science during the early years of elementary school,” “being able to understand the science lessons,” “amazing experience in science class,” “association of science learning with daily life,” “finding the talks in class interesting,” and “approachability to science learning,” have a positive effect on science learning and is crucial to improving professional capacity.
In Search of Confianza: A Qualitative Analysis of Salvadoran Parents’ Experiences in U.S. Urban Schools

This qualitative study of six recently arrived parents from El Salvador who have been in the U.S. for no longer than a year explores their experiences in U.S. schools and offers recommendations for actualizing an ethos of humanitarianism in schools. In particular, the study addresses the perspectives of recently arrived Salvadoran parents about their children’s education and how can schools effectively collaborate with parents to support the emotional, social, cultural, and educational needs of their children. The study drew on testimonios to learn about Salvadoran parents’ perspectives about their children’s education to improve the services their children need in schools.
Desenvolvimento e análise de intervenção grupal em terapia ocupacional a idosos com transtorno neurocognitivo leve

Introducao: O rapido avanco do processo de envelhecimento contribui para o aumento das doencas cronico-degenerativas, como o Transtorno Neurocognitivo Leve (TNL). Idosos com TNL podem apresentar dificuldades no desempenho de atividades instrumentais de vida diaria e de participacao social, alem de indice de conversao maior para demencias, comparados a idosos saudaveis. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar intervencao grupal em terapia ocupacional a idosos com provavel TNL. Metodo: Estudo prospectivo, quantitativo, quasi-experimental de concepcao “antes e depois”. Analisaram-se em conjunto duas intervencoes realizadas no Hospital Universitario da Universidade de Sao Paulo, em 2014 e 2015. Cada intervencao abrangeu 8 encontros, com participacao de 11 idosos ao todo. Foram utilizadas dinâmicas para sensibilizacao acerca de tarefas e habilidades cognitivas reconhecidamente mais afetadas em idosos com TNL e compartilhamento de estrategias mnemonicas compensatorias. Para analise das intervencoes, aplicaram-se antes e depois os instrumentos: Teste Comportamental de Memoria de Rivermead; Questionario de Pfeffer e Questionario de Queixas Subjetivas de Memoria. Para analise estatistica intragrupo, foram utilizados o teste de Shapiro-Wilk e o teste nao-parametrico de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Houve mudanca estatisticamente significativa no escore total de todos os instrumentos aplicados. Assim, houve melhora do desempenho cognitivo, melhora da capacidade no desempenho de atividades instrumentais que envolvem mais diretamente habilidades cognitivas e reducao das queixas subjetivas de memoria dos participantes. Conclusao: Acredita-se que a intervencao e um potente recurso para atuacao do terapeuta ocupacional junto a idosos com TNL por favorecer independencia nas ocupacoes cotidianas, diminuicao de queixas de memoria e melhora no desempenho cognitivo.
Preferential retention of algal carbon in benthic invertebrates: Stable isotope and fatty acid evidence from an outdoor flume experiment

Abstract According to the River Continuum Concept, headwater streams are richer in allochthonous (e.g. terrestrial leaves) than autochthonous (e.g. algae) sources of organic matter for consumers. However, compared to algae, leaf litter is of lower food quality, particularly ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA), and would constrain the somatic growth, maintenance, and reproduction of stream invertebrates. It may be thus assumed that shredders, such as Gammarus, receive lower quality diets than grazers, e.g. Ecdyonurus, that typically feed on algae. The objective of this study was to assess the provision of dietary PUFA from leaf litter and algae to the shredder Gammarus and the grazer Ecdyonurus. Three different diets (algae, terrestrial leaves, and an algae–leaf litter mix) were supplied to these macroinvertebrates in a flume experiment for 2 weeks. To differentiate how diet sources were retained in these consumers, algae were isotopically labelled with 13C. Both consumers became enriched with 13C in all treatments, demonstrating that both assimilated algae. For Gammarus, n‐3 PUFA increased, whereas n‐6 PUFA stayed constant. By contrast, the n‐3 PUFA content of Ecdyonurus decreased as a consequence of declining algal supply. Results from compound‐specific stable isotope analysis provided evidence that the long‐chain n‐3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in both consumers was more enriched in 13C than the short‐chain n‐3 PUFA α‐linolenic acid, suggesting that EPA was taken up directly from algae and not from heterotrophic biofilms on leaf litter. Both consumers depended on algae as their carbon and EPA source and retained their EPA from high‐quality algae.
Psychometrics of family empowerment scale scores for caregivers of youth transitioning from therapeutic residential care

ABSTRACT The Family Empowerment Scale (FES) is one of the most widely used measures for assessing the empowerment of caregivers of youth with emotional difficulties. The purpose of this study was to examine the internal factor structure, score reliability, and convergent validity of the FES scores with caregivers of youth who had recently departed therapeutic residential care. Results indicated that the hypothesized three-factor model fit the data adequately with caveats. FES scores were reliable based on coefficient alpha and omega, and evidence of convergent validity with caregiver self-efficacy was moderate to strong.