Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A ZVT Auxiliary Circuit for High Step-Up Multi-Input Converters with Diode-Capacitor Multiplier

In this paper, a Zero-Voltage Transition (ZVT) non-isolated high step-up multi-input DC-DC converters is proposed which employs anauxiliary cell and diode-capacitor multiplier. The auxiliary cell has only one switch and is suitable for high step converters with diode-capacitor multiplier. In the proposed converter, all semiconductor devices operate under fully soft switching condition. The main switches turn on and turn off under Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) condition whereas the auxiliary switch turns on under Zero Current Switching (ZCS) condition and turns off under zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching (ZVZCS) condition. Also, ZCS condition at turn-off is provided for all diodesto eliminate reverse recovery issue.The structure of the proposed converter includestwo boost cells, one diode-capacitor multiplier cell, and one ZVT auxiliary circuit. Soft switching conditions for all main switches are provided by only one auxiliary circuit.The proposed converter has high step-up conversion gain without any coupledinductor. Soft switching conditions, continuous current of input sources, high efficiency,expansion capability of input sources,returning the energy of the auxiliary circuit to the diode-capacitor multiplier and low-voltage stress on switches are the main advantages of the proposed converter. The steady-state analysis of the converter and operation modes are discussed. A 160-W prototype of the proposed converter is designed and implemented.Experimental results confirmthatthe theoretical and the efficiency of the proposed converter reaches 96.4% at the nominal load
Gender separation and the speech community: Rhoticity in early 20th century Southland New Zealand English

Abstract The existence of a shared constraint hierarchy is one of the criteria that defines and delimits speech communities. In particular, women and men are thought to differ only in their rates of variable usage, not in the constraints governing their variation; that is, women and men are typically considered to belong to the same speech community. We find that in early twentieth century Southland, New Zealand, women and men had different constraint hierarchies for rhoticity, with a community grammar of rhoticity only developing later. These results may be a product of a particular set of sociohistorical facts thatare not peculiar to Southland. We suggest that further research in other geographical locations may indeed reveal that men and women have different constraint hierarchies for other variables. Speech communities may thus be delimited along social lines in ways that have not been previously considered.
Analysis of Turbulent Lean Premixed Methane–Air Flame Statistics at Elevated Pressures

Combustion takes place within turbulent environments and under pressurized conditions in most industrial applications, for instance, gas turbines and internal combustion engines. The mixing of fuel and oxidizer is enhanced by turbulence, so that combustion will be more efficient. In addition, during combustion, heat is released; therefore, it causes flow instability as a result of gas expansion and high gradients of temperature. The interaction of turbulence and combustion under pressurized conditions may lead to modifications and even disruption of the flame. There are still ongoing studies on the prediction of flame and flow statistics, which are crucial for the stable operation of high-pressure combustion systems. In the present study, the aim is to investigate the influence of elevated pressures on the structure of turbulent premixed methane–air flames, within the range from atmospheric to 0.9 MPa, by numerical modeling and experimental validation. The computations are performed initially for the cold.
Strain-driven radial vortex core reversal in geometric confined multiferroic heterostructures

The magnetic radial vortex is a nanoscale magnetization configuration that is typically stabilized by the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (i-DMI). The existing control methods for the radial vortex core polarity rely on the use of current flow or magnetic fields, which may cause long consumption times or limit device miniaturization. Here, we investigate a repeated reversal of a radial vortex that can be driven by strain from a piezoelectric substrate using micromagnetic simulations. A phase diagram for the representative regions against perpendicular anisotropy, i-DMI, and the applied strain was obtained. The derived phase diagram was used to associate the mechanism of the core reversal with edge magnetization rotation during core magnetization switching, which exhibits a relationship by transforming a quasi-Bloch wall into a Neel wall. The existence of the i-DMI effect causes the core polarity and radial chirality of the radial vortex to be reversed simultaneously without resulting in larger core movements. These results offer an alternative and efficient way to achieve core reversal, which is expected to stimulate the radial vortex application in magnetoresistive memory devices.
Promoting prosociality in Colombia: Is music more effective than other cultural interventions?

This article reports a two-part study into the prosocial impacts of third sector cultural activities with children and adolescents in impoverished and violence-stricken urban neighbourhoods in Cali, Colombia. First, a year-long field study set out to compare a pre-existing music-training programme with a dance-training programme and a football-training programme with 9–14 year olds, to determine the extent to which each affords the development of empathic attitudes and prosocial behaviours. The music and dance programmes produced few significant changes in participants’ empathy or prosociality, and there were few significant differences between the empathy and prosociality of the participants in the two groups. Participant dropout prevented comparison with the football-training programme. Second, an interview study was used to understand the place of prosociality in the aims and work of policymakers, funders and third-sector practitioners running cultural activities for social impacts in the Cali region. The study revealed that the organisations aimed to achieve individual and social transformation by creating the conditions for transformation, evidenced as positive outcomes. Neither the measures used by the organisations themselves nor the psychosocial constructs of prosociality and empathy used by the researchers adequately evidenced some of the intended outcomes, such as enabling individuals to build a life project, practising and sustaining social inclusion and transforming communities, nor a path from individual to social transformation. Differences between the structure of cultural activities and their associated values meant that different activities were believed to lend themselves to social transformation more or less well. This highlights the need for critically reflective, co-constructed research using a fuller range of constructs that can capture the outcomes of these programmes for both individuals and groups.
The Brassica Napus Fatty Acid Exporter FAX1-1 Contributes to Biological Yield, Seed Oil Production, and Oil Quality

Background: In the oilseed crop Brassica napus (rapeseed), various metabolic processes influence seed oil production, oil quality, and biological yield. However, the role of plastid membrane proteins in these traits has not been explored. Results: Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 520 B. napus accessions identified the chloroplast membrane protein-localized FATTY ACID EXPORTER 1-1 (FAX1-1) as a candidate associated with biological yield. Seed transcript levels of BnaFAX1-1 were higher in a cultivar with high seed oil content relative to a low-oil cultivar. BnaFAX1-1 localized to the plastid envelope. When expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, BnaFAX1-1 enhanced biological yield (total plant dry matter), seed yield and seed oil content per plant. Likewise, in the ﬁeld, B. napus BnaFAX1-1 overexpression lines (BnaFAX1-1-OE) displayed significantly enhanced biological yield, seed yield, and seed oil content compared with the wild type. BnaFAX1-1 overexpression also up-regulated gibberellic acid 4 (GA4) biosynthesis, which may contribute to biological yield improvement. Furthermore, oleic acid (C18:1) significantly increased in BnaFAX1-1 overexpression seeds. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the putative fatty acid exporter BnaFAX1-1 simultaneously improved seed oil production, oil quality and biological yield in B. napus, providing new approaches for future molecular breeding.
Analysis of hydrogen and fluorine in pyroxenes: II. Clinopyroxene

Abstract Studies of coexisting, nominally anhydrous minerals in mantle samples show that clinopyroxene is an especially important host for hydrogen. Recent experimental studies have also shown that clinopyroxene may contain significant amounts of fluorine, which has implications for the F budget of the mantle. More accurate quantification of H and F is therefore a desirable goal. We measured H in 13 natural clinopyroxenes using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 16O1H/30Si and 19F/30Si were also measured in the samples using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). H data were compared between the two techniques and F was calculated with reference to F-bearing silicate glass standards. Four of the clinopyroxenes are used as standards for SIMS calibration in multiple laboratories, and three have been measured previously using hydrogen manometry and/or elastic recoil detection analysis. Compared to clinopyroxenes in previous surveys comparing FTIR and SIMS, the 13 samples cover a broader range in chemistry and band positions in the O-H vibrational spectrum. They also all lack detectable amphibole lamellae, which are otherwise commonly present in this mineral group. In contrast to orthopyroxene, the SIMS and FTIR data for clinopyroxene show significantly better correlations (r2 = 0.96-0.98) when the frequency-dependent IR calibration of Libowitzky and Rossman (1997) is applied, as opposed to the Bell et al. (1995) calibration (r2 = 0.92-93). We derive a frequency-dependent molar absorption coefficient with parameters different from those of Libowitzky and Rossman’s calibration, which was established using data on stoichiometric hydrous phases and gives poor agreement with the manometrically determined value for PMR-53. Comparison of data for PMR-53 to our SIMS calibrations for orthopyroxene and olivine suggests that the matrix effect among these phases is less than 20% relative. Fluorine concentrations vary depending on geological context, with the highest concentrations (up to 214 ppm) found in diopsides from crustal metamorphic environments. Mantle samples follow similar geographic trends as olivines and orthopyroxenes, with higher F in xenocrysts from Kilbourne Hole (46 ppm) and South African kimberlites (up to 29 ppm) compared to the Colorado Plateau (8 ppm). On the basis of chemical correlations, we propose two different incorporation mechanisms for F: (1) coupled subsititution with Al3+ and/or Fe3+ in tetrahedral sites; and (2) coupled substitution with monovalent cations (Na and K) in the M2 site. The second substitution is more relevant to mantle augites than crustal diopsides. Our measured F concentrations are much lower than those in some clinopyroxenes synthesized in recent high P-T studies. Nevertheless, our data support suggestions that the F budget of the mantle can be entirely accommodated by incorporation in nominally anhydrous/fluorine-free minerals.
Stability analysis of Persidskii time‐delay systems with synchronous and asynchronous switching

In this article, the stability of switched time‐delay Persidskii systems is studied. Both cases of synchronous and asynchronous commutation are considered. A comparison of stability conditions obtained with the aid of Lyapunov–Razumikhin and Lyapunov–Krasovskii approaches is provided. The developed theory is applied to the stability analysis of mechanical systems with linear velocity forces and switched nonlinear positional ones.
Differential Aspects of Natural and Morphine Reward-related Behaviors in Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm

Introduction: Natural rewards are essential for survival. However, drug-seeking behaviors can be maladaptive and endanger survival. The present study was conducted to enhance our understanding of how animals respond to food and morphine as natural and drug rewards, respectively, in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Methods: We designed a protocol to induce food CPP and compare it as a natural reward with morphine CPP in rats. The protocol for reward induction in both groups (foods and morphine) consisted of three phases: pre-test, conditioning, and post-test. In morphine groups, we injected morphine as a reward (5 mg/kg, SC). To induce natural reward, we used two different protocols. In the first one, the rats were deprived of food for 24 h. In the other method, the rats were restricted to food for 14 days. During the conditioning period, the animals received daily chow, biscuits, or popcorn as a reward inducer. Results: Results revealed that CPP was not induced in food-deprived rats. A combination of food restriction (as a facilitator) and a biscuit or popcorn-induced reward using CPP. In contrast, food deprivation did not facilitate food CPP in response to regular food. Interestingly the CPP score of the group which received biscuits during a 7-day conditioning period was more than that of the morphine group. Conclusion: In conclusion, food restriction could be a better protocol than food deprivation to facilitate food reward.
A Fast and Simple Fault Diagnosis Method for Interleaved DC-DC Converters Based on Output Voltage Analysis

Interleaved DC-DC converters have been widely used in power conversion due to their high efficiency and reliability. In the application of new energy, this plays an increasingly important role in the grid-connected power generation of wind, solar, and tidal energy. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure the reliability and proper operation of interleaved DC-DC converters. We studied an open circuit fault (OCF) diagnosis method for a three-phase interleaved buck converter. We propose a non-invasive diagnosis method based on the output voltage using the harmonic amplitude and phase at the switching frequency as the diagnostic criteria. Evaluation was carried out on a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test platform to prove the validity of the proposed method. The results show that the presented method had high accuracy and robustness against OCFs, which could otherwise damage the system.
COMPLEXITY AND MEMORY-BASED COMPARISON OF THE BRAIN ACTIVITY BETWEEN ADHD AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS WHILE PLAYING A SERIOUS GAME

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder that is very common among children and may last into their adulthood. It is known that ADHD affects the attention of patients due to problems with short-term memory. Therefore, analysis of attention and memory of these patients should come into consideration. In this study, the complexity and memory of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are analyzed to investigate the reduction in attention and memory of patients with ADHD compared to normal subjects while playing a serious game. To achieve this, the fractal dimension and sample entropy of EEG signals are analyzed to evaluate the alterations in the complexity of EEG signals. Moreover, the Hurst exponent of EEG signals for ADHD and non-ADHD subjects is calculated to discuss the memory of EEG signals. The results showed a smaller fractal dimension and sample entropy of EEG signals for patients with ADHD that reflects their lower attention. Besides, the Hurst exponent of EEG signals for these patients reflects their lower memory than normal subjects. Therefore, it can be concluded that the reductions of attention and memory in ADHD subjects are mapped on the reduction of complexity and memory of their EEG signals.
Microbial Respiration and Enzyme Activity Downstream from a Phosphorus Source in the Everglades, Florida, USA

Northeast Shark River Slough (NESS), lying at the northeastern perimeter of Everglades National Park (ENP), Florida, USA, has been subjected to years of hydrologic modifications. Construction of the Tamiami Trail (US 41) in 1928 connected the east and west coasts of SE Florida and essentially created a hydrological barrier to southern sheet flow into ENP. Recently, a series of bridges were constructed to elevate a portion of Tamiami Trail, allow more water to flow under the bridges, and attempt to restore the ecological balance in the NESS and ENP. This project was conducted to determine aspects of soil physiochemistry and microbial dynamics in the NESS. We evaluated microbial respiration and enzyme assays as indicators of nutrient dynamics in NESS soils. Soil cores were collected from sites at certain distances from the inflow (near canal, NC (0–150 m); midway, M (150–600 m); and far from canal, FC (600–1200 m)). Soil slurries were incubated and assayed for CO2 emission and β-glucoside (MUFC) or phosphatase (MUFP) activity in concert with physicochemical analysis. Significantly higher TP contents at NC (2.45 times) and M (1.52 times) sites than FC sites indicated an uneven P distribution downstream from the source canal. The highest soil organic matter content (84%) contents were observed at M sites, which was due to higher vegetation biomass observed at those sites. Consequently, CO2 efflux was greater at M sites (average 2.72 µmoles g dw−1 h−1) than the other two sites. We also found that amendments of glucose increased CO2 efflux from all soils, whereas the addition of phosphorus did not. The results indicate that microbial respiration downstream of inflows in the NESS is not limited by P, but more so by the availability of labile C.
Review On -Regeneration Of Activated Carbon

As adsorption is one of the important process which is used for desulphurization of fuels. This paper reviews on regeneration of activated carbon and related methods. Disposal of spent adsorbents is one of the major issue.so it is necessary to regenerate and recover used adsorbent to avoid disposal problem. Adsorbents can be regenerated and put to reuse in the same process line.Reviews on various regeneration methods was carried out.
Predictive Control With Battery Power Sharing Scheme for Dual Open-End-Winding Induction Motor Based Four-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle

For high-power electric vehicles (EVs), the drive propulsion based on induction motors is emerging as economical alternative. Compared to conventional induction motors, the open-end winding induction motor (OEWIM) requires only half the dc-bus voltage for the given torque. The EV power train based on the dual two-level voltage-source inverter (VSI)-fed OEWIM with isolated dc sources is used in this research. For uniform state-of-charge (SoC) distribution, the power flow from each isolated source needs to be controlled. A two-stage model-predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) scheme is proposed to balance the SoC of batteries by proper selection of the VSI voltage vectors. The proposed MPDTC scheme is free from weighting factor tuning and uses a ranking method to predict the optimal voltage vectors. The superiority of the proposed controller in terms of battery SoC balancing is demonstrated. The performance of the proposed MPDTC EV drive is verified for the FTP75 and HFET driving cycles under different operating conditions, both by simulation and hardware experimental tests.
Locate, Tell, and Guide: Enabling Public Cameras to Navigate the Public

Indoor navigation is essential to a wide spectrum of applications in the era of mobile computing. Existing vision-based technologies suffer from both start-up costs and the absence of semantic information for navigation. We observe an opportunity to leverage pervasively deployed surveillance cameras to deal with the above drawbacks and revisit the problem of indoor navigation with a fresh perspective. In this paper, we propose <italic>iSAT</italic>, a system that enables public surveillance cameras, as indoor navigating satellites, to locate users on the floorplan, tell users with semantic information about the surrounding environment, and guide users with navigation instructions. However, enabling public cameras to navigate is non-trivial due to 3 factors: absence of real scale, disparity of camera perspective, and lack of semantic information. To overcome these challenges, <italic>iSAT</italic> leverages POI-assisted framework and adopts a novel coordinate transformation algorithm to associate public and mobile cameras, and further attaches semantic information to user location. Extensive experiments in 4 different scenarios show that <italic>iSAT</italic> achieves a localization accuracy of 0.48m and a navigation success rate of 90.5 percent, outperforming the state-of-th-art systems by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$> 30\%$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>30</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="yang-ieq1-3092725.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. Benefiting from our solution, all areas with public cameras can upgrade to smart spaces with visual navigation services.
An Evaluation of Factors for Retaining Hispanic Students in Undergraduate Construction Programs

The number of Hispanic workers in the construction industry is more than any other industry in US, but they are under-represented in management position. In an attempt to grow the number of Hispanic construction managers, there should first be a growth in Hispanics obtaining construction science degrees. Retention of Hispanic students who could be the future construction professionals is a problem in Construction education. The objective of this study was to explore which of the factors reported by the literature, have the strongest positive effect on Hispanic students in undergraduate construction education programs. In order to identify which factors, have the strongest impact to assist undergraduate construction programs in determining where best to focus retention strategies to enhance Hispanic student success, this study employed the Delphi method. The results of the study showed that “financial aid”, “academic advising”, and “mentoring programs” were the topmost important factors. Additionally, it was found that “Construction-related student organizations” as the least important retention factor on the list. Research in the area of Hispanics in construction education is limited. This study can serve as a basis for future research in Hispanic students’ retention.