Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Different NMT Approaches to Low-Resource Dutch-Albanian Machine Translation

Low-resource languages can be understood as languages that are more scarce, less studied, less privileged, less commonly taught and for which there are less resources available (Singh, 2008; Cieri et al., 2016; Magueresse et al., 2020). Natural Language Processing (NLP) research and technology mainly focuses on those languages for which there are large data sets available. To illustrate differences in data availability: there are 6 million Wikipedia articles available for English, 2 million for Dutch, and merely 82 thousand for Albanian. The scarce data issue becomes increasingly apparent when large parallel data sets are required for applications such as Neural Machine Translation (NMT). In this work, we investigate to what extent translation between Albanian (SQ) and Dutch (NL) is possible comparing a one-to-one (SQ ↔ AL) model, a low-resource pivot-based approach (English (EN) as pivot) and a zero-shot translation (ZST) (Johnson et al., 2016; Mattoni et al., 2017) system. From our experiments, it results that the EN-pivot-model outperforms both the direct one-to-one and the ZST model. Since often, small amounts of parallel data are available for low-resource languages or settings, experiments were conducted using small sets of parallel NL ↔ SQ data. The ZST appeared to be the worst performing models. Even when the available parallel data (NL ↔ SQ) was added, i.e. in a few-shot setting (FST), it remained the worst performing system according to the automatic (BLEU and TER) and human evaluation.
Oscillator-Based Potts Machine (OPM) for the Implementation of the Vector Potts Model

—An approach towards the implementation of the Vector Potts Model using a network of coupled nonlinear oscillators has been presented in this technical report. The oscillator systems, under the inﬂuence of N -SHIL (Sub-Harmonic Injection Locking), show phase dynamics that have an underlying Lyapunov function, analogous to the Vector Potts Hamiltonian with N states. The key concept used here is that there are N equally spaced stable locks under the inﬂuence of N -SHIL, which has been shown using the Stability Theorem and linearization. The coupled oscillator network tends to minimize the Lyapunov function naturally over time, indicating the minimization of the corresponding Hamiltonian. Global minimum Hamiltonians of the Vector Potts problems can be obtained by adding appropriate amounts of noise to this system, as well as smoothly switching SHIL on and off multiple times. The proposed method has been applied on several examples of random graphs, that have been generated using the rudy graph generator, for assessing performance and demonstrating effectiveness.
Bioaccessibility of ochratoxin A from red wine by an in vitro dynamic 1 gastrointestinal model 2

34 Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species with 35 immunosuppressive, teratogenic and carcinogenic properties. It has been determined that wine is 36 the second source of OTA (10% of total OTA intake) in the European diet, and that its presence, 37 even in small doses, can be a problem for long-term toxicity. In this paper we evaluated the 38 bioaccessibility of OTA in a spiked red wine, in fasting human conditions, using an in vitro 39 dynamic digestion model that includes a continuous-flow dialysis system to simulate the 40 intestinal passage. To our knowledge, this is the first report on bioaccessibility of OTA in wine. 41 A liquid-liquid method was used for the extraction of the OTA and oc hratoxin alpha (OTα) from 42 the gastrointestinal juices, and the extracts were analyzed by HPLC-FD. The bioaccessibility of 43 OTA from the spiked red wine (1.0, 2.0 and 4 µg/L) was high in the gastric compartment 44 (102.8%, 128.3% and 122.3%, respectively), whereas in the simulated intestine it did not exceed 45 the 26%, and the OTA that crossed the dialysis membrane was very low (< 3.3 %). The amount 46 of OTα in gastric chyme ranged from 5.1 -19.1% of the spiked OTA, whereas in the intestinal 47 compartment it did not exceed the 5%. As conclusion, in the in vitro system assayed, OTA 48 showed a high bioaccessibility in the simulated stomach, but it decreased after the intestinal 49 digestion and the passage through the dialysis membrane. 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 61
Experiences of Work-Related Stress Among Female Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency: A Qualitative Study in the United Arab of Emirates

Objective: Frontline healthcare workers experienced high levels of psychological distress and emotional turmoil due to the changes necessitated by the COVID-19 public health emergency. Given that workplace stress can negatively influence both quality of work, and job performance, this study sought to explore the lived experiences of work-related stress among female healthcare workers in United Arab of Emirates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological investigation was performed using a purposive sampling approach. A total of 26 semi-structured interviews were conducted with female healthcare workers who worked directly with COVID-19 patients. Using Giorgi’s descriptive method, the data were analyzed to identify the main themes. Results: Three main themes emerged from the data analysis, with nine categories under these themes. The first theme was “sources of work-related stress. ” The participants reported a high workload, fear of being infected and transmitting the virus to others, and uncertainty and lack of knowledge regarding COVID-19 to be the main sources of their work-related stress. The second theme was “challenges of working during the pandemic. ” The participants related being challenged by changes in the organization of care, the need to use personal protective equipment, a work-life imbalance, and witnessing patients’ suffering. The third theme was “coping strategies. ” The participants perceived having sources of social support and using self-adjustment skills to be helpful strategies in terms of coping with the stressful situations they experienced. Conclusion: The findings suggest a number of strategies and interventions that could be used at the individual and institutional levels to promote the preparedness and efficacy of healthcare workers during future crises and public health emergencies. an effective way of achieving a healthy balance between work and leisure. When we think about health, we should also consider our own health to be a priority. (MLT3)
Etude algébrique des multitableaux : apports de l'algèbre tensorielle

Un rappel des principaux outils de l'algebre tensorielle est presente. Ils sont ensuite utilises pour proposer une unification coherente des modeles de tucker et parafac pour les multitableaux. Ces modeles sont decrits pour les tableaux a p entrees, avec metriques quelconques sur les espaces et contraintes lineaires
Star clusters : basic galactic building blocks throughout time and space: proceedings of the 266th symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 10-14 august 2009

Preface 1. Physics and modes of star cluster formation 2. Massive star clusters: formation, evolution, feedback and destruction 3. Star cluster systems 4. Globular cluster chemical evolution 5. Multiwavelength observations 6. Cluster dynamics 7. Star clusters as laboratories for stellar evolution Symposium summary Poster papers Author index Subject index Object index.
The link between supply chain risk management and innovation performance in SMEs in turbulent times

Purpose Acknowledging, on the one hand, the increasing fragility of supply chains and the number of risks involved in supply chain operations and, on the other hand, the role of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in supply chains and the high exposure of these firms to risks of different types, this study aims to examine the relationship between supply chain risk management (SCRM) and innovation performance in SMEs. Furthermore, the impact of technological turbulence on this relationship was studied to take into account recent technological changes. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modelling was carried out on a sample of Turkish SMEs to test the hypotheses developed. Findings The findings presented allow the authors to better understand the link between SCRM and innovation performance in SMEs. More precisely, empirical evidence is provided about the impact of SCRM components such as maturity and ability on innovation performance. Furthermore, the findings show the impact of technological turbulence on both SCRM and innovation performance. Originality/value By focusing on SCRM in SMEs, this paper contributes to the body of knowledge with regard to SCRM in general and with regard to SMEs in particular; research on the latter has only started recently. Moreover, by having studied SMEs from a developing country (other than China), this paper helps to develop a broader and more diverse perspective of SCRM.
The Space Density of Galaxies through μB(0) = 25.0 Magnitudes per Inverse Arcsecond Squared

Using the catalog of O'Neil, Bothun, & Schombert, we examine the central surface brightness distribution (ϕ[μB(0)]) of galaxies in the 22.0 ≤ μB(0) ≤ 25.0 mag arcsec-2 range. Taking advantage of having a catalog in which each galaxy has a known central surface brightness, scale length, and redshift, we apply a bivariate volume correction to the data and extend the surface brightness distribution function by 1 magnitude, to 25.0 B mag arcsec-2. The result is a flat (slope = 0) space density of galaxies as a function of μB(0) from the Freeman value of 21.65 ± 0.30 to the survey limit of 25.0 mag arcsec-2, more than 10 σ away. The galaxies that comprise this sample have scale lengths and circular velocities similar to L* spiral galaxies (i.e., these are not dwarf galaxies). As such, a significant amount of mass is contained in this population. If the baryonic mass fraction of disk galaxies is independent of μB(0), then our results are consistent with a significant percentage of the baryonic content of the universe being contained in potentials only dimly lit by the embedded galaxy.
Type la Supernovae: Mechanisms and Nucleosynthesis

We summarize various explosion models of Type la supernovae and their nucleosynthesis features for both Chandrasekhar and sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf models. These models provide different predictions of the photometric and spectroscopic variations among Type la supernovae, which are compared with observations. Some attempts to model the peculiar SNe 1991T and 1991bg are shown.
The Mediating Effects of Food Content Watching Motivation on the between Watching Time and Nutrition Quotient of Adolescents in Seoul, Korea

Food-related content varies widely and is increasingly popular. Using various media, teenagers can easily access food content, which could affect they eating habits. This study was conducted to confirm the effects of watching motivation on the relationship between food content watching time and eating habits among adolescents in Seoul, Korea. Exactly 806 participants were surveyed about their food content watching status, including watching time and watching motivation. The Nutrition Quotient for adolescents (NQ-A) questionnaire was used to confirm eating habits. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to classify watching motivation’s subfactors. A parallel multimedia model was used to analyze the effect of watching motivation on the relationship between food content watching time and eating habits. As a result of this study, following the factor analysis, watching motivation was classified into information acquisition, emotional satisfaction, and enjoyment. The influence of food content watching time on NQ-A scores through information acquisition motivation was positively significant, whereas that through emotional satisfaction motivation was negatively significant. Enjoyment motivation did not indirectly affect the relationship between food content watching time and NQ-A scores. Hence, attention should be paid to these mediating factors when analyzing the relationship between watching food-related content and eating habits. Developing and distributing content that meets viewing motivations should help improve adolescents’ eating habits.
Imputing for late reporting in the U.S. current employment statistics survey

Surveys of economic conditions are often published monthly to provide up-to-date measures of the state of a country’s economy. In establishment surveys, some sample units may not report in time to be included in the current month’s estimates, but eventually do report data. This late reporting can lead to revisions of estimates as more sample data become available. To maintain credibility, it is important that the size of revisions be kept as small as possible. We study this issue using the U.S. Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A modelbased view of the CES weighted link relative estimator is used to identify potential bias due to model misspecification. An alternative approach, involving imputation for missing data, is used in an attempt to reduce the magnitude of revisions between preliminary and final estimates of employment for a month. The alternative, while not yielding statistically significant improvement in monthly revisions at the industry level, offers the potential for improved estimates for lower level aggregation.
The Associations of Breastfeeding and Postnatal Experiences With Postpartum Depression Among Mothers of Hospitalized Infants in Tertiary Hospitals

Background Postpartum depression has been linked to undesirable outcomes for mother-infant dyads, interfering with childcare and breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among mothers during the postpartum period and its association with breastfeeding and postpartum experiences. Methodology This cross-sectional study involved mothers of hospitalized infants (n = 219) at two tertiary hospitals in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Mothers were screened for postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale with a cut-off of ≥12 for positive screening for depression. Mothers were asked to complete questionnaires on breastfeeding experience, which included breastfeeding self-efficacy and challenges. The questionnaires also collected information on postnatal experiences, including birth outcomes, anxiety and stress levels, and social support. Multiple linear regression was used to ascertain the association of postpartum depression levels with breastfeeding and postnatal experiences. Results Overall, 30% of mothers in this study screened positive for depression. Based on multiple linear regression, a higher score of postpartum depression was significantly associated with unpleasant breastfeeding and postnatal experiences reflected by increased scores of anxiety and stress, lower infant birth weight, increased breastfeeding problems, and lower level of social support (p < 0.005). Conclusions Maternal emotions, birth outcomes, breastfeeding issues, and social support were associated with postpartum depression. Efforts should be made to increase maternal support, and screening for maternal depression during infant hospital stays should be encouraged.
Effects of Long-Term Low-Protein Diets Supplemented with Sodium Dichloroacetate and Glucose on Metabolic Biomarkers and Intestinal Microbiota of Finishing Pigs

Simple Summary Our previous study showed that low protein (LP) diets can save protein sources and reduce nitrogen excretion without significantly impacting the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. In the current study, sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) was used to explore whether it could work like a metabolic modulator to improve glucose and lipid oxidation in pigs fed with an LP diet, whilst glucose (GLUC) was used to evaluate if it could act as pyruvate, which is a metabolic fuel. In particular, we investigated the effects of LP diets supplemented with DCA and GLUC on metabolic responses and intestinal microbiota of finishing pigs. Our findings showed that DCA and GLUC supplementation improved the hepatic lipid metabolism but had limited effects on improving colonic microbiota profile of finishing pigs. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-protein (LP) diets supplemented with sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) and glucose (GLUC) on metabolic markers and intestinal microbiota of finishing pigs. A total of 80 crossbred growing barrows were allocated randomly to one of the five treatments, including the normal protein level diet (CON), the LP diets, LP with 120 mg/kg DCA (LP + DCA) or 1.8% glucose (LP + GLUC), and LP with 120 mg/kg DCA and 1.8% glucose (LP + DCA + GLUC). The LP diet increased the plasma HDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol concentrations and reduced the bile acid, urea nitrogen, albumin, and total protein concentrations compared to the CON diet (p < 0.05). The LP + DCA + GLUC diet reduced the plasma VLDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol concentrations and increased the bile acid concentration compared with the LP diet (p < 0.05). Pigs fed the LP + DCA and LP + GLUC diets showed reduced 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase content and increased Cytochrome P450 Family 7 Subfamily A Member 1 activity of liver compared that of the CON diet (p < 0.05). Moreover, the LP diets with or without DCA and GLUC supplementation increased the relative abundance of colonic microbiota related to carbohydrate fermentation in finishing pigs. In conclusion, 120 mg/kg DCA or 1.8% GLUC supplementation in an LP diet modulated the hepatic lipid metabolism of pigs, while the DCA along with GLUC supplementation likely improved the lipid metabolism by stimulating bile acid secretion.
Protective Effects of L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-Carboxylate during Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats: In Vivo Study

This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Results demonstrated that OTC treatments inhibited ISO-induced oxidative damage, suppressed lipid peroxidation, and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the hearts of the treated rats compared to those of the untreated controls. The ISO-related NF-κB activation was reduced due to the OTC treatment, and lower degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis in the hearts were observed. In summary, OTC treatments exerted cardioprotective effects against MI in vivo, mainly due to enhancing cardiac antioxidant activity.
Defect energy levels in HfO2 high-dielectric-constant gate oxide

This letter presents calculations of the energy levels of the oxygen vacancy and oxygen interstitial defects in HfO2 using density functional methods that do not need an empirical band gap correction. The levels are aligned to those of the Si channel using the known band offsets. The oxygen vacancy gives an energy level nearer the HfO2 conduction band and just above the Si gap, depending on its charge state. It is identified as the main electron trap in HfO2. The oxygen interstitial gives levels just above the oxide valence band.
Mitigation and control of instabilities in DAFNE positron ring

The positron beam in the DAFNE e+/e- collider has always been suffering from strong e-cloud instabilities. In order to cope with them, several approaches have been adopted along the years: flexible and powerful bunch-by-bunch feedback systems, solenoids around the straight sections of the vacuum chamber and, in the last runs, e-cloud clearing electrodes inside the bending and wiggler magnets. Of course classic diagnostics tools have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted measures and the correct setup of the devices, in order to acquire total beam and bunch-by-bunch currents, to plot in real time synchrotron and betatron instabilities, to verify the vertical beam size enlargement in collision and out of collision. Besides, to evaluate the efficacy of the solenoids and of the clearing electrodes versus the instability speed, the more powerful tools have been the special diagnostics routines making use of the bunch-by-bunch feedback systems to quickly compute the growth rate instabilities and the bunch-by-bunch tune spread in different beam conditions.
Fish Oil Replacement with Poultry Oil in the Diet of Tiger Puffer (Takifugu rubripes): Effects on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Lipid Metabolism

Booming fish farming results in relative shortage of fish oil (FO), making it urgent to explore alternative lipid sources. This study comprehensively investigated the efficacy of FO replacement with poultry oil (PO) in diets of tiger puffer (average initial body weight, 12.28 g). An 8-week feeding trial was conducted with experimental diets, in which graded levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, named FO-C, 25PO, 50PO, 75PO, and 100PO, respectively) of FO were replaced with PO. The feeding trial was conducted in a flow-through seawater system. Each diet was fed to triplicate tanks. The results showed that FO replacement with PO did not significantly affect the growth performance of tiger puffer. FO replacement with PO at 50-100% even slightly increased the growth. PO feeding also had marginal effects on fish body composition, except that it increased the liver moisture content. Dietary PO tended to decrease the serum cholesterol and malondialdehyde content but increase the bile acid content. Increasing levels of dietary PO linearly upregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of the cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, whereas high levels of dietary PO significantly upregulated the expression of the critical regulatory enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase. In conclusion, poultry oil is a good substitution for fish oil in the diets of tiger puffer. Poultry oil could replace 100% added fish oil in the diet of tiger puffer, without adverse effects on growth and body composition.
Carrier-Phase-Based Initial Heading Alignment for Land Vehicular MEMS GNSS/INS Navigation System

For a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS)-based inertial navigation system (INS) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) integrated system in land vehicular applications, rapid and accurate initial heading alignment is still a challenge. We propose an initial heading alignment method for MEMS INS using the GNSS carrier-phase measurement, based on the basic principle of trajectory similarity. The proposed method performs “trajectory matching” in the line-of-sight direction of satellites, where the angle is obtained by comparing the actual observed time-differenced carrier phase (TDCP) and INS-derived TDCP. Experimental results show that the initial heading could be determined accurate to 0.65° and 1.68° at a 95% confidence level within 5 s under open-sky conditions and in typical urban environments, respectively, using a typical MEMS inertial measurement unit (e.g., STIM300, Safran Sensing Technologies Norway) and high-quality GNSS receiver (NovAtel OEM6). The proposed method is also verified using a low-cost GNSS receiver and low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) chip under different environments. The proposed method performs better than existing approaches in terms of time efficiency and accuracy.
A First Course in Modular Forms

Modular Forms, Elliptic Curves, and Modular Curves. - Modular Curves as Riemann Surfaces. - Dimension Formulas. - Eisenstein Series. - Hecke Operators. - Jacobians and Abelian Varieties. - Modular Curves as Algebraic Curves. - The Eichler-Shimura Relation and L-functions. - Galois Representations.