Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity And Technological Properties Of Predominant Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Algerian Raw Goat’s Milk

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of gram-positive, lactic acid producing firmicutes. They have been extensively used in food fermentations, including the production of various dairy products. The proteolytic system of LAB converts proteins to peptides and then to amino acids, which is essential for bacterial growth and also contributes significantly to flavor compounds as end-products. The objective of this paper is the microbiological and technological characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Algerian raw goat’s milk. Microbiological, physiological and biochemical tests were made for the work performed. Dominant lactic acid bacteria were isolated on M17 and MRS media from Algerian goat's milks, either raw and/or fermented under laboratory conditions. Isolates were characterized for three phenotypes essential for Raib manufacture: (a) high acidifying activity over the normal associated temperature range, (b) presence of protease, and (c) ability to metabolize citrate. Thirty nine isolates were characterized and 13 strains which have been found to belonging to lactic acid bacteria including the species of (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris), Leuconostoc (5 isolates) and Lactobacillus (6 isolates). These strains lactic have technological characteristics acidification and interesting flavor. These characters of industrial interest can be exploited to provide a specific starter for the local dairy industry.
Key to Adults of Afrotropical Species of the Genus Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Species of Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy are important in disease transmission and can be used as forensic indicators. An identification key is presented here for adults of the genus Chrysomya from the Afrotropical Region. Notes on the distribution and biology of the 12 species are also given.
Effect of clomiphene on [Ca2+]i rises and cell viability in rabbit corneal epithelial cells

The effect of clomiphene a first‐line therapy for WHO group II (eu‐estrogenic) infertility on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and viability has not been explored in rabbit corneal epithelial cells (SIRC). This study examined whether clomiphene altered [Ca2+]i levels and caused cell death in SIRC cells. [Ca2+]i and cell viability were measured using the fluorescent dyes fura‐2 and WST‐1, respectively. Clomiphene at concentrations ≥5 µM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration‐dependent manner. The Ca2+ signal was reduced partly by removing extracellular Ca2+. The clomiphene‐induced Ca2+ influx was insensitive to blockade of L‐type Ca2+ channel blockers. In Ca2+‐free medium, after pretreatment with 1 µM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor), clomiphene failed to increase [Ca2+]i. Inhibition of phospholipase C with 2 µM U73122 did not change clomiphene‐induced [Ca2+]i rises. At concentrations of 0.5–20 µM, clomiphene killed cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of 15 µM clomiphene was not reversed by prechelating cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA/AM. Collectively, in SIRC cells, clomiphene‐induced [Ca2+]i rises by causing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ influx from non‐L‐type Ca2+ channels. Clomiphene‐caused cytotoxicity was not mediated by a preceding [Ca2+]i rise. Drug Dev Res 69:272–278, 2008 ©2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biological control: challenges and opportunities

Biological control, the use of living organisms as pest control agents, has enjoyed varying popularity over the past century, but today is well established as an important component of integrated pest management. We examine some current challenges to the use of biological control and particularly to classical biological control, the introduction of exotic natural enemies. These include conflicts of interest (1) with the conservation of native species and (2) between agricultural lobbies. On a scientific level, we examine two debates over the ecological and genetic basis of successful control. The challenge of Murdoch et al. (Am. Nat. 125, 344-366 (1985)) to the notion of stability in pest populations under biological control, reveals that the stabilizing mechanisms may differ between pest taxa with different patterns of spatial dynamics. With respect to the hypothesis of Hokkanen & Pimentel (Can. Ent. 116, 1109 (1984)) on the better chances of 'new associations' in biological control, we present an analysis that reaches different conclusions. Finally, we discuss future prospects for the different approaches to biological control, and suggest that longterm control methods, such as introduction and inoculation, will be used increasingly in the future.
The Relationship between Goal-orientation and Autonomy in EFL Learners: The Case of Iranian Learners

Given the importance of learner autonomy and its relationship with goal orientation, this study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between goalorientations and autonomy in Iranian EFL learners. To this end, two sets of questionnaires were distributed among 60 EFL learners in Kermanshah, to elicit their beliefs on the relationship between goal-orientation and autonomy, and also to predict which goal types contributes significantly to autonomy. Goal orientation was measured with a scale adapted from VandeWalle’s (1997) work-specific goal orientation scale which consisted of thirteen questions on three subscales: performance – prove goal orientation, performance-avoid goal orientation, and learning goal orientation. Learners’ autonomy was assessed by the use of another questionnaire designed by Chan, et al., (2002) on Learners’ Autonomy and consisted of three main sections assessing responsibility, ability, and activity. The results of Pearson correlation indicated that there was a significant relationship between goal-type and autonomy in language learning among advanced EFL learners in the EFL context of Iran. The result of multiple linear regression analysis showed that all three components of goal orientation predict 88.9 percent of the autonomy. The avoiding orientation was excluded from the model due to its non-significant contribution to the regression model. Finally, the results of ANOVA test indicated that the regression models –both first and second step – enjoyed statistical significance. That is to say, the components of goal orientation significantly contributed to autonomy. The result of this study can have pedagogical implication for language teachers, syllabus designers, and material developers in that they can use goalorientation and autonomy as two determining variables in the process of teaching-learning.
Hybrid Model for Bulk Current Injection Probe

A new hybrid-model for BCI probe is derived . This model is built based on the probe's internal structure without refinements, and by carrying out just one electrical measurement for the reflection coefficient, so that it can be generalized and used in studying the effect of layout parameters in the aim of improving the probe high frequency performance, which helps the developer in design stage. The hybrid-model is validated versus extracted permeability spectra, voltage transfer ratio and series impedance for the probe F-130A. The comparison is made between the derived hybrid-model and that of explicit model, the results showed a good accordance between them. An application for the model is illustrated to bring to light its effectiveness.
MEMRISTOR BASED TERNARY CONTENT ADDRESSABLE MEMORY DESIGN USING ROBUST DYNAMIC SIGNAL SEARCH METHOD

: One of the content addressable memories (CAM) is ternary CAM (TCAM), used for searching in networking. Demanding TCAM application is increasing day by day in search spaces. Application specific FPGA platform needs to execute TCAM. However, the existing design of TCAM based on FPGA are not efficient regarding storage and time. In this proposed strategy, hybrid design for a TCAM that uses both Transistors and memristors to overcome all issues. The proposed TCAM memory cell is investigated concerning several features, for example, memristance range and voltage threshold of the memristors to process quickly and effectively ternary information. A far-reaching simulation-based assessment of this TCAM is developed by Xilinx programming language utilizing Robust Dynamic Signal Search (RDSS) Method. Simulation work came out to exhibit that the execution of the proposed algorithms is better than past methods for improving the performance of search applications. Comparison with other memristor-based CAMs and also CMOS-based TCAMs demonstrates that the proposed memory cell consumes low power, reduced transistor count and increase search activity execution.
Grazing and fire in two subalpine peatlands

The floristic composition and structure of peatland vegetation in adjoining subalpine catchments of the Bogong High Plains (north-eastern Victoria) were monitored between 1979 and 2006. Grazing by cattle had been excluded from one catchment since 1946, when it was fenced. Peatland vegetation in both catchments was partially burnt in a wildfire in 2003. Between 1979 and 1999, in the ungrazed peatland, the cover of Sphagnum cristatum Hampe and Baeckea gunniana Schauer increased and the cover of pools decreased, whereas in the grazed peatland the cover of B. gunniana and Epacris paludosa R.Br. decreased and the cover of Empodisma minus (Hook.f.) L.A. S.Johnson & D.F. Cutler increased. The cover of all recorded species decreased following a fire in 2003. Between 2004 and 2006, a significant increase in cover was detected in two of eight species measured in burnt areas. In burnt areas, the number of native species per quadrat increased in the grazed peatland and the numbers of exotic species per quadrat increased in both peatlands over that period. By 2006, the peatlands had largely recovered floristically from the 2003 fires but it is likely to be decades before the cover of S. cristatum and Richea continentis B.L. Burtt. reaches pre-fire levels. Control of several exotic species that established after the fire (especially Salix cinerea L. and Juncus spp.) may be required.
Mercury, DDT, Dieldrin, and PCB in Two Species of Odontoceti (Cetacea) from St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles

Samples of blubber, muscle, liver, and kidney of short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhyncha and long-snouted dolphin Stenella (longirostris ? ) from waters adjacent to St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles, were analyzed for Hg, DDT, dieldrin, and PCB. Total Hg levels were high, ranging from 1.33 to 5.36 ppm in muscle (methylated fraction 42–100%), 2.28 to 14.00 ppm in kidney (methylated fraction about 14%), and 13.00 to 157.00 ppm in liver (methylated fraction 2–17%). ΣDDT in blubber ranged from 1.25 to 7.38 ppm, dieldrin in blubber from 0.007 to 0.04 ppm, and PCB in blubber from 0.69 to 5.00 ppm. The presence of the high Hg levels is attributed largely to natural sources, as the Lesser Antilles Island Arc is a site of intense cyclic tectonic activity. There may be some contribution from atmospheric sources. Both DDT and PCB could be largely the result of atmospheric transportation from higher Atantic latitudes, although local DDT spraying programs may have contributed. Certainly the circulation pattern in t.
Biological identifications through mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers: the case of commercially important crabs from Indian EEZ

The ability of a 600700 base pair section of mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers (COI, 16S & ITS-I) to provide species level identifications has been demonstrated for large taxonomic assemblages of animals such as insects, birds, fishes and crustaceans. In the Indian context, there had been no comprehensive attempt to determine the molecular sytematics, evolutionary relationships or phylogeny within the crabs of genera Scylla, Portunus and Charybdis which support the commercial fisheries. The present study is the first attempt to test the suitability of using a DNA barcode approach to discriminate accurately the edible marine crabs from Indian waters. Partial sequence of COI, 16S and ITS-I revealed distinct species specific profiles supporting the morphological data with low levels of intraspecific genetic diversity. Differentiation of two species of Scylla, Scylla serrata and S. tranquebarica using taxonomic tools is problematic especially based on the adult morphology. DNA barcoding using COI and other regions such as 16SrRNA and nuclear ITS fragment proved to be efficient in discriminating the species. The study revealed that mitochondrial and nuclear molecular genes will be an effective tool for discriminating species of commercial importance and thus aiding in scientific management of marine fishery resources. Index Terms — molecular markers, crabs, fishery, Indian Ocean. ———————————————— S. S. Cubelio is with the National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) Cochin Unit, CMFRI Campus, P.B. No. 1603, Kochi 682 018, Kerala, India. E-mail: nbfgrcochin@eth.net. K. K. Binesh is with CMFRI, P.B. No.1603, Ernakulam, Kochi 682 018, Kerala, India The other authors are with NBFGR, Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha P.O. , Lucknow 226 002, U. P., India. Nimis P. L. , Vignes Lebbe R. (eds.) Tools for Identifying Biodiversity: Progress and Problems – pp. 345. ISBN 978-88-8303-295-0. EUT, 2010.
Genomic Analysis of the SUMO-Conjugating Enzyme and Genes under Abiotic Stress in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

SUMO-conjugating enzymes (SCE) and SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers) genes are important components of SUMOylation. SCE has a crucial role during the SUMOylation process which acts as a catalyst to transfer SUMO to the target protein. Comprehensive studies on SCE and SUMO have been performed in some plants, but studies on these genes remain limited in potato. This study is aimed at exploring the role of StSCE and StSUMO genes in abiotic stress conditions. Nine and seven putative StSCEs and StSUMO genes, respectively, were identified using different methods and databases available for potato. Chromosomal localization showed that SCE and StSUMO genes are unevenly distributed on 7 different chromosomes. Potato genome database was accessed for the expression profile of StSCE and StSUMO genes, and these genes were differentially expressed in different tissues and organs during different phases of plant growth. The expression patterns on different treatments were further evaluated using qRT-PCR for all the StSCE and StSUMO genes. The expression was upregulated in StSCE1/5/6 and 7 under salt and PEG treatment. StSUMO 1/2 and 4 were upregulated under salt stress whereas StSCE9 and StSUMO2 and 4 were observed downregulated under PEG treatment. The results of this study could be useful to explore the role of StSCE genes in potato improvement.
The Dark Side of the Moon: Searching For The Other Half Of Seasonality

Seasonality is among the most visible properties in time series data, yet a multitude of statistical tests devised over decades of research have only achieved limited success in its detection. In this paper we examine eight existing tests of seasonality and show that there is significant variation in how they classify a series. We then show how this variation, combined with characteristics of the time series (e.g. autocorrelation, frequency, skewness, kurtosis, etc.), can be exploited by a Random Forest (RF) framework to map the hypothesis test space and make more accurate predictions regarding the seasonal disposition of a series. Our proposed method reduces Type II errors by approximately sixty percentage points over the next best alternative.
A REVIEW OF TIME SERIES MODELS FOR THE LONG TERM MODELING OF WIND SPEED IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK PLANNING

In this work, a review of univariate time series mo dels for the long term modeling of wind speed is perform ed. These models intend to help the distribution system operators to account for the stochastic nature of w ind during the network planning phase. Two groups of criteria are proposed for comparing the performance of the models. The first one is focused on the representativeness (i.e. the ability of the model t o reproduce the statistical properties of the real da ta), whereas the second one is linked to computational issues, such as the size of the historical dataset which is needed to obtain a given level of representativenes s, or the computational burden associated to the training
SDN Multi-Controller based Framework to Detect and Mitigate DDoS in Large-Scale Network

- Sophisticated cyber-attacks have kept pace, disrupting computer networks worldwide with such threats as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and worm propagation. Cyber-attacks are more prominent and challenging in large-scale networks due to the nature of these networks and increased growth in volume and heterogeneity of data. In this paper, we propose a scalable framework depending on SDN to detect and mitigate the intrusions in large-scale networks. Our detection system integrates information theory and machine learning methods to provide accurate detection results with low computation overhead on the controller side. In addition, we utilize SDN multi-controller architecture and big data analysis to provide a robust solution that can detect the network attacks quickly and efficiency.
Comparison of Electromyographic Amplitudes of the Adductor Magnus Muscle among Three Different Clinical Testing Positions

Although normalizing the EMG signals is necessary for physiological interpretation and comparison between muscles and between subjects, no EMG study has investigated the standardized position to achieve maximal contraction for the adductor magnus muscle. Accordingly, it is necessary to employ a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) position that elicits the highest activation to increase the validity of EMG studies and provide accurate comparisons between studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the peak electromyography (EMG) of the most commonly used positions in the literature (i.e., the fully extended hip and knee, hip-flexed 45°, and knee at 90°) to a novel position: prone hip extension with 90° knee flexion. An ultrasound imaging system was used to guide the surface EMG electrode placement on the adductor magnus (AM) muscle, for a group of ninety-four recreational runners. AM demonstrated the greatest MVIC activity in both prone and hip-flexed 45° positions with no significant differences between them (p < 0.05). However, significant differences were displayed between the AM activities while performing the fully extended hip position and the other two positions. Based on these results, it is recommended that the prone and hip-flexed 45° positions can be used to measure the MVIC of the AM interchangeably. Furthermore, the prone position can be considered to be a position of the greatest MVIC of AM, particularly when the position of hip-flexed 45° is limited as well as it can be used to quantify MVIC for both AM and hip extensor muscles simultaneously.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 in southern africa: an epidemiological, molecular and cellular study

v Acknowledgements . vii List of Figures . xiii List of Tables . xv Abbreviations . xvii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 The Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxias. 3 1.2 Polyglutamine repeat disorders . 4 1.2. 1 Epidemiology of the polyglutamine SCAs . 5 1.2. 2 The polyglutamine SCAs in South Africa . 6 1.2. 3 Polyglutamine disease pathology . 7 1.3 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 . 9 1.3. 1 Discovery and cloning of the gene . 9 1.3. 2 Molecular Diagnosis of SCA7 . 9 1.3. 3 Treatment of SCA7 . 11 1.4 SCA7 and the eye. 11 1.4. 1 Structure of the human retina . 11 1.4. 2 The SCA7 retinal phenotype . 13 1.4. 3 Molecular pathogenesis of the SCA7 retinal phenotype . 15 1.5 In vitro and in vivo modelling of SCA7 . 18 1.5. 1 Cell-based models . 18 1.5. 2 Model organisms. 22 1.6 Stem cells as in vitro disease models . 26 1.6. 1 Induced pluripotent stem cells . 26 1.6. 2 iPSC-based models of polyglutamine disease . 27 1.6. 3 iPSC-based models of retinal disease . 28 1.7 Aim and objectives: . 32
Classifying verbal commands using Convolutional Neural Networks and Mel-spectrographic sound representations

Consumer products are increasingly becoming dependent on Keyword Spotting (KWS) in order to work effectively. The present study aims to explore whether image classiﬁcation techniques could be used to provide accurate and robust keyword recognition systems on a ﬁxed predeﬁned set of words taken from the Google Speech Command dataset. Additionally, the present study aims to establish which visual representation of audio is most suitable for CNN classiﬁcation. After testing four different visual representations of the audio data, mel-scale decibel spectrograms were found to be the most suitable representation for learning through Convolutional Neural Networks. Convolutional Neural Networks were able to achieve near state-of-the-art performance at 89.5% on the test dataset for this KWS classiﬁcation task. The present study shows that Convolutional Neural Networks may be able to rival other common models such as RNN-LSTM in recognising keyword commands. Future study should investigate CNN keyword classiﬁcation performance on larger vocabulary sets.
Carry-Over Effects in Nature: Effects of Canopy Cover and Individual Pond on Size, Shape, and Locomotor Performance of Metamorphosing Wood Frogs

The conditions experienced early in development can have long-term effects on an organism's phenotype and performance. We tested whether variation in canopy cover over natural wetlands affected the metamorphic size, shape, and locomotor performance of Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica) that had developed in those wetlands as larvae. Additionally, we tested if variation in locomotor performance was mediated through larval-environment effects on frog size and shape. We captured metamorphosing frogs as they emerged from open-canopy and closed-canopy ponds, and measured locomotor performance, body length, and hindlimb length. Frogs that had developed in closed canopy ponds tended to jump greater distances than those from open-canopy ponds. The difference in jumping performance was associated with differences in body size, but not limb length. This demonstrates that canopy cover does generate carryover effects in nature. However, these effects were driven entirely by environment-induced variation in size at metamorphosis, rather than variation in relative limb-length or other variables.
TENTATIVENESS OF SCIENTIFIC THEORY: WHAT DO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS BELIEVE

Nature of Science (NOS) is an important component of scientific literacy and as such is considered as significant for school going children. A minimum level of understanding of the character of science is considered as essential for all students to make them scientifically literate. One of the principles included within the broader concept of NOS is that scientific knowledge including scientific theories are tentative in nature and that the scientific theories are more a creation of the scientists’ rather than mere discoveries. This paper presents the findings related to school student’s beliefs and their justifications regarding tentative nature and constructed versus discovered nature of scientific theories. The findings from this qualitative study suggest naïve understanding of nature of scientific theories among the participants. It is also suggestive of need for initiatives to enhance students’ understanding of nature of science.