Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The carbon fixation efficiency in biomass of Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann & J. C. Lewin (Bacillariophyceae) under the conditions of cumulative cultivation

The carbon utilization efficiency is an important characteristic of the cultivated object. Diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann & J. C. Lewin is known to use carbon from aquatic environment quite effectively, as it has many unique carbonic anhydrases and carbon transporters. However, the carbon fixation efficiency for many types of diatoms in culture is still unknown. When calculating the carbon fixation efficiency, researchers use different terminology and methods, and it leads to significant difficulties when comparing the carbon fixation efficiency in the biomass of various types of microalgae. The aims of this study are: 1) to update terms and definitions used in literature on the basis of modern concepts of carbon fixation in microalgae biomass, as well as absorption of inorganic carbon by microalgae culture; 2) to evaluate the carbon fixation efficiency in the biomass of C. closterium diatom under conditions of cumulative cultivation. C. closterium was grown at a temperature of +20 °C on a nutrient medium RS. During the cultivation, the culture was bubbled with air (1.1 L of air per 1 L of culture per minute). The air temperature at the outlet of the suspension was of +19 °C; the maximum productivity of the culture was of 1.254 g·L−1·day−1. According to the results of the CHN analysis, the proportion of carbon in C. closterium dry biomass was of 23 %. Under the conditions of cumulative cultivation in C. closterium, the carbon fixation efficiency in biomass was of 90 %. Compared with other algae species, C. closterium is characterized by a rather high CO2 fixation efficiency. For example, in green microalga Chlorella protothecoides and Ch. vulgaris, the CO2 fixation efficiency was of 20 % and 55.3 %, respectively; in cyanobacteria Spirulina sp. – of 38 %; in red microalgae Porphyridium purpureum – of 69 %. It was observed that to ensure an increase of 1 g of C. closterium dry biomass per day at a temperature of +19 °C, a minimum of 0.46 L of CO2, or 1132 L of air, should be consumed. Possibly, it is high carbon fixation efficiency, as well as low carbon fraction in C. closterium biomass, that explains the high production indices of this species. Under equal conditions of cultivation in terms of light and carbon availability, the productivity of C. closterium can exceed the productivity of other types of microalgae by 5–10 times. So, while Spirulina sp. productivity reaches 0.2 g·L−1·day−1, C. closterium productivity is of 1.254 g·L−1·day−1.
IN VITRO ANTI-PLATELET AGGREGATION ACTIVITY OF HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE–CYSTEAMINE BASED NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING CRUDE BROMELAIN

Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate bromelain into nanoparticles in order to improve its stability and activity. Methods: Crude bromelain was prepared by protein precipitation from the pineapple stem juice using ammonium sulphate at the concentration of 60% (w/v). Nanoparticles containing crude bromelain were generated using the ionic gelation method with hydroxypropyl cellulose–cysteamine (HPC-cysteamine) conjugate as a matrix. Crude bromelain was then added to the HPC-cysteamine solution for ionic interaction to construct the nanoparticles, which were then analyzed for their particle size and zeta potential. The resulting nanoparticles were mixed with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to perform anti-platelet aggregation. Results: The nanoparticle had 928.3 nm in particle size and-7.25 mV in zeta potential. Anti-platelet activity of crude bromelain and the nanoparticles were determined with modification of light transmission aggregometry (LTA), in which ADP was used to induce an aggregation while a spectrophotometer UV-Vis was used to measure the absorbance at the wavelength of 600 nm. The result showed that crude bromelain and the nanoparticles rendered percentage inhibition of 8.00±1.17% and 48.56±11.19%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the result of a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was concluded that there was a significant difference in percentage inhibition between the two samples. The nanoparticles demonstrated a better anti-platelet aggregation activity compared to crude bromelain.
Population Structure and Evolutionary History of Southern Flounder in the Gulf of Mexico and Western Atlantic Ocean

Abstract The southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma is a key species in recreational flatfish fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Effective management of this species relies on knowing how many populations occur within the range of the species, as knowledge of the underlying genetic structure may be used in stock assessments or in the establishment of management units. Here, the evolutionary history of the southern flounder was elicited with genetic data, and the geographic extent and long-term female effective population size (Nef ) of extant populations were estimated. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data (415 base pairs, control region) were analyzed with a combination of traditional hypothesis testing (analysis of molecular variance) and the coalescent-based maximum likelihood approach (analysis with the program Migrate). Three main findings resulted from this work. First, two distinct genetic populations of southern flounder exist in the Gulf of Mexico and western Atla.
STUDIES ON THE HETEROPHYID TREMATODE, APOPHALLUS VENUSTUS (RANSOM, 1920) IN CANADA: PART I. MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY

This minute intestinal trematode occurs in the cat, dog, racoon and heron in the lower Ottawa Valley. Its morphology is redescribed and its nomenclature reconsidered. It is believed to be specifically distinct from the closely related form, A. donicus of Central Europe. A. brevis is recorded from the loon.
Host selection by the heteronomous hyperparasitoid Encarsia pergandiella: multiple‐choice tests using Bemisia argentifolii as primary host

The ovipositional patterns of the heteronomous hyperparasitoid Encarsia pergandiella Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in the presence of its primary host Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and in the presence or absence of conspecific and heterospecific secondary hosts (Encarsia formosa Gahan and Eretmocerus mundus Mercet; Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were examined to assess host species preferences. Host preferences by heteronomous hyperparasitoids may affect the relative abundance of co‐occurring parasitoid species and may influence host population suppression by the parasitoid community. Four combinations of hosts were tested: (1) B. argentifolii, E. mundus, and E. formosa, (2) B. argentifolii, E. formosa, and E. pergandiella, (3) B. argentifolii, E. mundus, and E. pergandiella, and, (4) B. argentifolii, E. mundus, E. formosa, and E. pergandiella. Arrays of hosts (24) were constructed in Petri dishes using leaf disks, each bearing one host. Thirty arrays of each host combination were exposed to single females for 6 h. All hosts were dissected to determine number of eggs per host. Encarsia pergandiella parasitized E. formosa hosts as frequently as E. mundus hosts. However, E. pergandiella parasitized either of these heterospecific hosts more frequently than conspecific hosts in treatments including two secondary host species. When a third parasitoid species was included in host arrays, E. pergandiella parasitized conspecific hosts as frequently as heterospecific hosts. Developmental stage of the hosts did not significantly influence host species selection by E. pergandiella. Our results indicate that host selection and oviposition by heteronomous hyperparasitoids like E. pergandiella, vary with the composition of hosts available for parasitization, and suggest a preference for heterospecific over conspecific secondary hosts.
Text Mining in Educational Objectives for Arabic Twitter Educator Accounts

Twitter is a social networking site that offers micro blogging services to interact via Twitter posts, also called tweets, on any devices with Internet access. In Saudi Arabia, Twitter users occupy the second place worldwide. The vast majority of educators and learners students, providers, and educational organizations utilize Twitter, for facilitator-learner interactions and lifelong learning experiences. In the past few years, researchers have significantly studied online social networking sites to examine the relationship between educational outcomes and social networking. However, there is little research exploring integration of micro-blogging tool, Twitter, into adult and continuing education as well as facilitating for adult learners how to find the right twitter accounts based on learning outcomes. In addition, there is too much shared public and educational information, which is foolproof to spread unrelated content. Subsequently, this counterproductive and prevent adult learners from achieving the learning outcomes. This work purposes to develop a model that could classify Arabic tweets in adult educators' accounts into one of three types of learning outcomes: knowledge, skill, and affective in order to predict tweets belonging to each of these outcomes. Our results show the highest accuracy classification rates through applying support vector machine and random forest algorithms with above 0.75 for all learning outcomes.
The influence of snow conditions on the date of breeding of wading birds in north-east Greenland

The young of wading birds that breed in some parts of the arctic hatch when their insect food supply is most abundant. This appears to be the ultimate factor determining the date of egg-laying. In various other arctic birds the date of breeding may be influenced, directly or indirectly, by the time at which snow or ice melts. The Joint Biological Expedition to N.E. Greenland 1974 studied Ringed plovers Charadrius hiaticula, Dunlins Calidris aplina, Sanderlings Calidris alba, Knots Calidris canutus, and Turnstones Arenaria interpres breeding in various areas within 80 km of each other. In 1974 the thaw was two or three weeks later than normal in the region. The time at which snow cleared and the dates of breeding of the waders differed considerably between valleys: breeding was delayed in valleys that cleared late. In all areas egg-laying ceased early in July, probably because chicks hatching from eggs laid later would not be ready to migrate by the end of the summer. Hence the mean date and length of the egg-laying period were determined by the date of snow clearance from the breeding areas. Studies of the potential food resources indicate that the waders in N.E. Greenland do not appear to time their breeding so that the young hatch at some peak of food abundance. Sufficient food resources are probably available over a long period of time.
Climate change and smart city development: The challenge of non- implementation of Abuja-Nigeria light rail project

In the present century, there has been increasing global pressure on governments to implement policies to incentivize reductions in CO2 emissions based on the devastating effects of global climate change. Researchers generally have established the fact that the automobile sector generates more than 50% of the atmospheric carbon concentration. It has also become obvious that FCC-Abuja Nigeria is merely a replica of Lagos transport-wise in all ramifications. The Abuja master plan as of 1979 specifically recommended the development of mass transport by light-rail when the city’s inhabitants are about 1.6 and 3.1 million for airport. The non-implementation of the light rail in the city has aggravated the flood of vehicular traffic that generates a lot of Green House Gas that in turn swells up the city’s ambient temperature. This research therefore used the handheld outdoor thermometer to measure the traffic corridors in Abuja in relation to the WHO and FEPA tolerance threshold standard. This is compared with the modern electric rail that is environmentally friendly, and the result reveals that the present transport system in the city negates the global crusade for Green Mobility. It is therefore recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria should as a matter of urgency cease from her lip-service to the global SDGs and fully implements the overdue Abuja light rail that will positively woo the other cities of the federation. Key words: Atmospheric temperature, climate change, mass-transit, light-rail, transportation.
Temporal variation of the microbial community associated with the mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba

Sponges of the Aplysinidae family contain large amounts of bacteria that are embedded within the sponge tissue matrix. In order to determine the stability and specificity of the Aplysina–microbe association, sponges were maintained in recirculating seawater aquariums for 11 days. One aquarium was left untreated, a second one contained 0.45 μm filtered seawater (starvation conditions) and the third one contained 0.45 μm filtered seawater plus antibiotics (antibiotics exposure). Changes in the microbial community were monitored using group-specific, 16S rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes, by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and by electron microscopic observations. Furthermore, the changes in the natural product profile were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography. The measured parameters showed that a large fraction of the sponge-associated microbial community could not be cleared under the given experimental conditions. Based on these cumulative results we postulate that a large fraction of sponge-associated bacteria resides permanently in the Aplysina aerophoba mesohyl pointing to a highly integrated interaction between the host sponge and associated microorganisms.
Capital Structure Theories and Speed of Capital Adjustment towards Target Capital Structure along Life Cycle Stages of Asian Manufacturing Firms

Purpose: Firms have different costs and benefits and asymmetric information across their life cycle stages and hence each stage has different financial pattern and speed of adjustment towards target capital. Methodology: We use System GMM to test the hypotheses. We use market leverages proxies for the capital structure, life cycle proxies: introduction, growth, mature, shakeout and decline and the control determinants of capital structure such as profitability, tangibility, firm size and growth opportunities. We estimate the financial pattern and speed of adjustment along life cycle stages of manufacturing firms from eleven Asian economies over the period of 2010-2018. Findings: The results show that firms in earlier stages have more long term debt than mature stage. The speed of adjustment towards target capital structure is highest in mature stage than the other stages. The control determinants significantly affect market leverages. Implications: The findings suggest that management has to consider life cycle stages of their firms in order to adjust capital structure. Stockholders should consider stage of firm with relation to profitability and capital structure for long term prospects.
Modifications in the Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of Compacted Mature Residual Soil Submitted to the Percolation of Acidic Leachates

The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the chemical and mineralogical composition of a compacted residual clay soil with the addition of Portland cement and under different compaction conditions to observe and to understand the chemical and mineralogical changes that these structures undergo. Results of chemical and mineralogical composition of compacted specimens in different unit weights (14.5, 15.0 and 15.5 kN/m) and percolated by different concentrations of aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (0, 1 and 2 %), under the application of a vertical load of 280 kPa. The modifications in the chemical and mineralogical composition of the specimens were evaluated by the combination of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetry with differential thermal analysis and exploratory differential calorimetry (TG/DTG/DSC). The results have shown that the percolation of H2SO4 resulted in changes in the Fe2O3, CaO and SO3 contents for different cement contents and for specific weights; it was also evidenced dissolution of Fe2O3 in the upper layers and the formation of Ca and S compounds in the lower layers. No changes in mineralogy and soil morphology were found out.
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Bacteria Extract Isolated from Indonesia Sheep Manures and Fungal Fruiting Body

Introduction: Cancer is one of the leading cause of death worldwide. Chemotherapy remains the most widely used approach to treat cancer. However, due to the lack of specificity, drug resistance, and undesirable side effects, the discovery of novel anticancer drugs is still a priority in cancer research. Bacteria are one of the major contributors for anticancer compounds as bacteria are able to produce secondary metabolites which may have cytotoxic activity. Method: A literature study was conducted to identify the isolates in i3L-USAID bacteria database that were potential candidates for novel anticancer drugs. The selected bacteria were cultured and their secondary metabolites were extracted. Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was assessed through morphological observation and MTT assay on HeLa and 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. Results: Aneurinibacillus sp. and Ochrobactrum sp. were selected. Ochrobactrum sp. extract significantly suppressed the growth of HeLa cells at 1000 µg/ml (p < 0.05) while it did not have any effect on 3T3 cells. Despite able to suppress the HeLa cell proliferation, Aneurinibacillus sp. extract significantly enhanced the growth of 3T3 fibroblast at the 1000 µg/ml (p < 0.05). The cytotoxicity activity was corroborated by cell death observed on HeLa cells treated with high concentrations of the extracts Conclusion: Secondary metabolites from Aneurinibacillus sp. and Ochrobactrum sp. could only exert cytotoxic effect at high concentration which is unfavourable for anticancer compounds. Although the extracts resulted in a reduction of HeLa cells proliferation, the extracts did not inhibit proliferation of 3T3, suggesting selectivity for non-tumorigenic over tumorigenic cells.
Linear Predictive Codes for Speech Recognition System at 121bps

This paper described the recognition of the phonetics related to numericals in Indian regional languages such as Marathi & Hindi by Nearest Neighbour rule. The segmentation is based on the location of the start and end points of the speech. The exact speech boundaries can be located and evaluated for linear predictive codes. The Linear Predictive Codes of the phonetics related to numerical in Indian regional languages such as Marathi & Hindi forms the codebook. The optimum distance between the test and the codebook linear predictive codes can be determined by the Dynamic Time Warping technique. Depending on the distance, the word is recognized by Nearest Neighbour rule. The accuracy of 88% is achieved with highly reduction in the memory requirements & good SNR.
Structure and histochemistry of the maxillary glands in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus Fasciatus (Hem.)

Paired glandular structures associated wj th the maxillae are present in many insects ; Snodgrass ( '35, p. 153) reports them in Protura, Collembola, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera, and larval Coleoptera. Among hemipterans, they were described as salivary receptacles in Nepa and Rartnatra by Dufour (1883) ; as cephalic glands in Belostoma and Ramatra by Locy (1884) ; and as lubricating glands in Pyrrhocoris, Miris, and Peiztatoma by Wedde (1885). In these early studies, the primary interest was in the anatomy of the head and mouth-parts, and no detailed studies were made of the histolo,gy and cytology of glands, other than the salivary glands, associated with the oral appendages. More recently, maxillary glands in hemipterans have been described by Lefebvre ('03) in Nepa; by Rordas ('05a, b) in Nepa and NotoNecta; by Bugnion ( '08) in Nepa, Notortecta, Rartatra, Belostoma, and Pyrrhocoris; by Rugnion and Popoff ( '11) in Ph~yrrhocoris; by Poisson ('25) in Naucoridae, Notomectidae, Corisidae, and Nepidae; by Neiswander ( '25) in Ruutatra; by Hamilton ( '31) in Nepa; and by MacGill ('47) in Dysdercus intermedius. These investigations have indicated a general similarity in the position and structure of the maxillary glands in the
Survey of Arabidopsis- and Human-type Telomere Repeats in Plants Using Fluorescence in situ Hybridisation

The nucleotide sequences of telomere repeats have been identified in many eukaryotes since Blackburn and Gall (1978), and these sequences are specific to the genus or higher taxonomic group. Wide vision telomere sequences are variable across eukaryotes. In plants, Arabidopsis-type telomere repeats (TTTAGGG)n are dominant, although human-type telomere repeats (TTAGGG)n have been reported in a few taxa. Recently, the evolution of these telomere repeats in plants has become the focus of many studies. In this report, the Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat and human-type telomere repeat were surveyed in 87 species of gymnosperms and angiosperms. In 1 gymnosperm species and 62 angiosperm species, fluorescence in situ hybridisation signals of both Arabidopsis-type and human-type telomere repeats were detected. Three gymnosperm species and 12 angiosperm species showed only signals of Arabidopsis-type telomere repeats. In 5 angiosperm species, only human-type telomere repeat signals were detected. The co-localisation of Arabidopsis- and human-type telomere repeats on chromosome ends in a wide range of plant species is a novel discovery that may elucidate the evolution of telomere repeats in plants.
Postglacial record of diatom assemblage changes related to climate in an alpine lake in the northern Rocky Mountains, Canada

We relate changes in diatom assemblages to Holocene climate since ca. 10 300 cal. years BP at a small (4 ha), alkaline, alpine tundra lake in the Rocky Mountains of northeast British Columbia. A complex of small benthic Fragilaria-type taxa generally dominated the fossil diatom communities reflecting shallow, alkaline, and likely low light conditions resulting from minerogenic turbidity or extensive ice cover throughout the Holocene. Shifts in diatom assemblages occurred with changes in local vegetation, inferred from pollen and stomate records, and shifts in charcoal-inferred fire frequency (e.g., lowering of tree line and reduced fire frequency (approx. 7500 cal. years BP) and establishment of modern alpine tundra (approx. 3500 cal. years BP). Importantly, striking changes in diatom communities (e.g., during the mid-Holocene (approx. 5500 to approx. 3500 cal. years BP) and Medieval Warm Period (approx. AD 800 to approx. AD 1250)) occurred without evidence of vegetation shifts. During these times, divers.