Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Hip Symptoms and Radiographic and Symptomatic Hip Osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project

Objective. To report contemporary estimates of the prevalence of hip-related osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes in African Americans and Caucasians aged ≥ 45 years. Methods. Weighted prevalence estimates and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals for hip symptoms, radiographic hip OA, symptomatic hip OA, and severe radiographic hip OA were calculated using SUDAAN® for age, race, and sex subgroups among 3068 participants (33% African Americans, 38% men) in the baseline examination (1991–97) of The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, a population-based study of OA in North Carolina. Radiographic hip OA was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grade ≥ 2, moderate/severe radiographic hip OA as grades 3 and 4, and symptomatic hip OA as hip symptoms in a hip with radiographic OA. Results. Hip symptoms were present in 36%; 28% had radiographic hip OA; nearly 10% had symptomatic hip OA; and 2.5% had moderate/severe radiographic hip OA. Prevalence of all 4 outcomes was higher in older individuals; most outcomes were higher for women and African Americans. Conclusion. African Americans in this population do not have a lower prevalence of hip-related OA outcomes as previous studies suggested. Increasing public and health system awareness of the relatively high prevalence of these outcomes, which can be disabling, may help to decrease their effects and ultimately prevent them.
2 Isolation and Identification of Fungal Isolates 3 . 2 . 1 Morphological Characterization of Isolates

The soil samples were collected from different depths of paddy and sugarcane fields. The samples were primarily screened for isolation of amylase producing fungi. Among the isolated fungi, amylase producing isolates were identified by growing on starch agar media. The isolate (15F) which form the maximum zone of clearance on starch agar media by iodine was identified and it was subcultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The isolate (15F) was morphologically characterized by performing cotton blue staining and scanning electron microscopic observations under required magnifications. Molecular characterization of isolate (15F) was performed by ITS/5.8S rRNA and β-tubulin gene sequence analysis and it was confirmed as Aspergillus fumigatus (MTCC Acc No 11399). Optimization of cultural conditions for maximum production of amylase was carried out by different cereal flours, incubation periods, temperatures, nitrogen sources and with different phosphate concentrations. Aspergillus fumigatus showed maximum amylase activity (230±0.7U/mg protein) when cultured in finger millet at 35 0 C for 72hrs of incubation period.
Generalized likelihood ratio discriminant analysis

In the past several decades, classifier-independent front-end feature extraction, where the derivation of acoustic features is lightly associated with the back-end model training or classification, has been prominently used in various pattern recognition tasks, including automatic speech recognition (ASR). In this paper, we present a novel discriminative feature transformation, named generalized likelihood ratio discriminant analysis (GLRDA), on the basis of the likelihood ratio test (LRT). It attempts to seek a lower dimensional feature subspace by making the most confusing situation, described by the null hypothesis, as unlikely to happen as possible without the homoscedastic assumption on class distributions. We also show that the classical linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and its well-known extension - heteroscedastic linear discriminant analysis (HLDA) can be regarded as two special cases of our proposed method. The empirical class confusion information can be further incorporated into GLRDA for better recognition performance. Experimental results demonstrate that GLRDA and its variant can yield moderate performance improvements over HLDA and LDA for the large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) task.
FUSE Measurements of Far-Ultraviolet Extinction. I. Galactic Sight Lines

We present extinction curves that include data down to far-ultraviolet wavelengths (FUV; 1050-1200 Å) for nine Galactic sight lines. The FUV extinction was measured using data from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. The sight lines were chosen for their unusual extinction properties in the infrared through the ultraviolet; that they probe a wide range of dust environments is evidenced by the large spread in their measured ratios of total to selective extinction, RV = 2.43-3.81. We find that extrapolation of the Fitzpatrick & Massa relationship from the ultraviolet appears to be a good predictor of the FUV extinction behavior. We find that predictions of the FUV extinction based on the Cardelli, Clayton, & Mathis (CCM) dependence on RV give mixed results. For the seven extinction curves well represented by CCM in the infrared through ultraviolet (x < 8 μm-1), the FUV extinction is well predicted in three sight lines, overpredicted in two sight lines, and underpredicted in two sight lines. A maximum entropy method analysis using a simple three-component grain model shows that seven of the nine sight lines in the study require a larger fraction of grain materials to be in dust when FUV extinction is included in the models. Most of the added grain material is in the form of small (radii ≲ 200 Å) grains.
Stent‐assisted detachable coil embolization of pseudoaneurysms in the coronary circulation

Pseudoaneurysms in the coronary circulation are an uncommon occurrence that can develop spontaneously in the setting of atherosclerosis or can develop after catheter‐based coronary interventions. The natural history, clinical outcome, and optimal therapy for pseudoaneurysms in the coronary circulation are not clearly established. Recent advances in the techniques and technologies used for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms may be applicable to the management of coronary aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. We present a case of spontaneous coronary pseudoaneurysm formation after paclitaxel drug‐eluting stent implantation and a case of pseudoaneurysm formation in a saphenous vein graft that were both successfully treated with stent‐assisted detachable coil embolization. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Genes Rearrangements in B-Cell Leukemias, Lymphomas, Multiple Myelomas, Monoclonal and Polyclonal Gammopathies

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assays were found to be a realistic alternative to Southern blot hybridization for the assessment of clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrengements. However, a comparison of the different PCR based studies reveals considerable variation in experimental design and marked differences in the reported results. This study compared different single- and double-step PCR assays relying on various FR3, FR2, FR1 and JH based primers for the detection of B cell clonality in acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL), non-Hodgkin's-lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), monoclonal gammopathies of unknown significance (MGUS) and three polyclonal gammopathies (PG). The highest monoclonality rate was observed using seminested CDR-III region amplification. This method achieved a monoclonal product in 6 of 13 pro-B ALL 21 of 29 c-ALL, 7 of 8 pre-B-ALL, 18 of 21 B-ALL, 14 of 17 B-NHL (intermediate or high grade) with bone marrow involvement, 0 of 9 B-NHL without bone marrow involvement, 9 of 9 low grade B-NHL (immunocytoma and including chronic lymphocytic leucemia), 13 of 19 MM, 2 of 9 MGUS, and 0 of 3 PG. Additional monoclonality was detected with nested CDR I PCR in 1 pro-B-ALL, 1 c-ALL, and 2 MM. CDR III IgH PCR has been confirmed as an efficient method for determining clonality in B-cell neoplasias. Some additional monoclonal products can be seen with CDR I-based PCR. Detection of monoclonality depends on the maturation grade of the neoplastic B-cell population.
From system level to defect-oriented test: a case study

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of a recently proposed Object-Oriented (OO) based methodology and tools (SysObj and Test-Adder) when applied in the design of testable hardware modules (eventually used as embedded cores in SOCs). A public domain processor (PIG) is the vehicle for such assessment. A boundary scan soft wrapper design is presented and architectural quality is evaluated by adequate metrics. A novel mixed-level, defect-oriented fault simulator, VeriDOS, is used to demonstrate the efficiency of applying a functional lest (stored in the ROM) after the structural test (using built-in scan) to detect a significant number of physical defects not covered by the LSA test set. This illustrates how system-level test can be reused to enhance the quality of a production test.
ECM-Cointegration test with GARCH ( 1 , 1 ) Errors

By using Monte Carlo experiment, we study the robustness of the ECM-Cointegration tests when the first difference of the series follow a GARCH(1,1) process and the behaviour of the ARCH-tests of ECM residuals for variation of GARCH parameters. We found that if two series are individually I(1) and follow a GARCH (1,1), then ECM-Cointegration test tend to overreject for small samples but the problem is not very serious for large sample except when the errors ́s GARCH process is nearly integrated and the volatility parameter is not small. Finally the Wild Bootstrap is robust on GARCH(1,1) without lost of power.
Low concentration melamine detection with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Melamine is rich in nitrogen and easily confound with natural protein present in dairy products. It is added to diluted milk to increase the protein concentration. However, interaction of melamine and cyanuric acid in our bladder triggers the formation of kidney stones, which results in acute kidney failure. The significance of this is accentuated in the case of infant formula, which is the sole source of food for infants, with several feedings a day. Raman spectroscopy is a photonic method capable of identifying unknown molecule through a biochemical fingerprint, from its scattering spectrum. It is simple, rapid, portable and pre-treatment is unnecessary. Our work here explores low concentration of melamine detection using Raman spectroscopy with gold coated slide (GS) as substrate. By observing melamine characteristic peak at 676cm-1, the intensity of the peak is observed at different concentration. The peak is occasionally visible up to 0.5ppm with very low intensity. Data pre-processing which include background subtraction and baseline removal is done to improve the spectra quality. It can be concluded that Raman spectroscopy with GS substrate is capable to detect melamine at low concentration. However, an optimization of pre-processing technique is essential to improve the detection limit to lower concentration.
Use of neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium bromide for intubation in cats.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium bromide (RB) would improve endotracheal intubation (EI) conditions in comparison with topical lidocaine hydrochloride (LH). STUDY DESIGN Randomized prospective study. ANIMALS Forty seven healthy cats of unspecified breed, aged 17 ± 11 months and weighing 2.8 ± 0.8 kg, undergoing elective procedures. METHODS Anesthesia was induced with xylazine (XZ) (1.1 mg kg(-1) IM) and tiletamine-zolazepam (XTZ) (7 mg kg(-1) IM) and EI was attempted. Cats which could not be intubated at the first attempt (n = 34), were randomly medicated with either 0.1 mL LH 10% spray on the laryngeal mucosa (n = 17) or 0.6 mg kg(-1) intravenous RB (n = 17). Sixty seconds later, a second attempt at EI was performed. The effect of both drugs was assessed using a previously published scale (Sandor Agoston). EI conditions associated with laryngoscopy, vocal cord position and movement, cough, patient movement, time and attempts needed in order to perform EI were recorded. Heart rate and end-expired CO2 concentration were monitored. RESULTS Groups were comparable in age, weight, gender and hematological parameters. Clinically acceptable EI conditions were not significantly different between RB and LH assisted groups (p = 0.31). However, there was a significant difference in cough, vocal cord movement and position between the RB and the LH groups. The group intubated at the first attempt and receiving neither RB nor LH coughed persistently (11/13). The cats receiving RB had to be ventilated for 10-28 minutes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present study shows that, when used in cats anesthetized with XTZ, RB paralyzes the internal laryngeal muscles keeping the vocal cords in an intermediate position (paramedial) 60 seconds after being administered. RB is an effective alternative to LH to overcome the airway protective reflexes when performing EI but requires ventilatory support until the paralysis wears off.
Combined tetanus-diphtheria immunization of adults: use of small doses of diphtheria toxoid.

prone occasionally to show untoward reactions to diphtheria toxoid (e.g.1). Incidence of such reactions can be reduced by either (1) immunizing only the susceptibles as determined by Schick testing, (2) use of purified toxoid, or (3) reducing the dose of toxoid administered. The first method is tedious and time-consuming and involves a tremendous amount of organization and labor when large groups are involved. In fact, it is widely felt that Schick testing is even more inconvenient than toxoid injections in adults, although it does reduce reactions. The second method is of great value, but it is by no means sufficient to eliminate all severe reactions.2 The third method has attracted several investigators, but it is open to the logical question: Will small doses of toxoid provide a sufficient antigenic stimulus to protect the recipient? Danish and Canadian investigators were the first to explore this approach systematically. Scheibel and Tulinius 3 showed that as little as 1 Lf of diphtheria toxoid, adsorbed onto aluminum
Programming for Stimulation-Induced Transient Nonmotor Psychiatric Symptoms after Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease

Background Stimulation-induced transient nonmotor psychiatric symptoms (STPSs) are side effects following bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. We designed algorithms which (1) determine the electrode contacts that induce STPSs and (2) provide a programming protocol to eliminate STPS and maintain the optimal motor functions. Our objective is to test the effectiveness of these algorithms. Materials and Methods 454 PD patients who underwent programming sessions after STN-DBS implantations were retrospectively analyzed. Only STPS patients were enrolled. In these patients, the contacts inducing STPS were found and the programming protocol algorithms used. Results Eleven patients were diagnosed with STPS. Of these patients, two had four episodes of crying, and two had four episodes of mirthful laughter. In one patient, two episodes of abnormal sense of spatial orientation were observed. Hallucination episodes were observed twice in one patient, while five patients recorded eight episodes of hypomania. There were no statistical differences between the UPDRS-III under the final stimulation parameter (without STPS) and previous optimum UPDRS-III under the STPSs (p = 1.000). Conclusion The flow diagram used for determining electrode contacts that induce STPS and the programming protocol employed in the treatment of these symptoms are effective.
NSDA: A Novel Node Selecting Optimal Algorithm Based on Dijkstra

This paper first represent the basic conceptions of anonymous communication, then introduce the fundamentals in Anonymous Communication. Afterwards, we went deep to the classification of anonymous network topological, therefore we could get a better understanding on P2P anonymous communication system. We also systematically analyzes the existing node-select algorithms. Furthermore, we propose and implement a new node selection algorithm based on Dijkstra algorithm, named NSDA algorithm. We give a belief description about the backgrounds and design of NSDA Algorithm. The algorithm can combine the node properties with link properties to select node, which can adjust the system performancing and anonymity. In order to evaluate the NSDA algorithm, we have done experiments in Network Simulator 3, and we also explain the reason why we choose Network Simulator 3 as the simulate tool. In the end, we analyze the characteristics of NSDA algorithm according to the results of experiments.
Precise point positioning with multipath estimation

Precise Point Positioning with low-cost GNSS receivers is attractive for numerous applications, as it can provide centimeter-level positioning without the exchange of raw measurements from a reference station. However, pseudorange multipath has to be accurately considered for a reliable ambiguity fixing. In this paper, we derive a precise model for the pseudorange multipath from the received signal, the correlator and discriminator function. We consider multiple reflections with individual amplitudes, phasings, Doppler shifts and code delays. We estimate a pseudorange multipath parameter for each satellite in our precise position solution to exploit the temporal correlation of multipath and to prevent a mapping of multipath to other state parameters. The method was tested with real measurements from a low-cost receiver and SSR corrections and showed that a millimeter-level positioning accuracy is achievable.
Multi-Task Learning Using Uncertainty to Weigh Losses for Scene Geometry and Semantics

Numerous deep learning applications beneﬁt from multi-task learning with multiple regression and classiﬁcation objectives. In this paper we make the observation that the performance of such systems is strongly dependent on the relative weighting between each task’s loss. Tuning these weights by hand is a difﬁcult and expensive process, making multi-task learning prohibitive in practice. We pro-pose a principled approach to multi-task deep learning which weighs multiple loss functions by considering the ho-moscedastic uncertainty of each task. This allows us to simultaneously learn various quantities with different units or scales in both classiﬁcation and regression settings. We demonstrate our model learning per-pixel depth regression, semantic and instance segmentation from a monocular input image. Perhaps surprisingly, we show our model can learn multi-task weightings and outperform separate models trained individually on each task.
Two-dimensional fiber ablation in the solid-deuterium Z pinch.

Initial two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic computer calculations of the formation and evolution of the solid-deuterium-fiber {ital Z} pinch are reported. The computations show that the {ital m}=0 instability occurs very early in the discharge. The {ital m}=0 behavior leads to the formation of hot spots off axis and enhances the fiber ablation rate. A rapid onset of neutron production occurs when the fiber has totally ablated. The computations are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations at several laboratories and lead to a new interpretation of the experimental diagnostics.
Weighted Parzen Windows for Pattern Classification

This paper introduces the weighted-Parzen-window classifier. The proposed technique uses a clustering procedure to find a set of reference vectors and weights which are used to approximate the Parzen-window (kernel-estimator) classifier. The weighted-Parzen-window classifier requires less computation and storage than the full Parzen-window classifier. Experimental results showed that significant savings could be achieved with only minimal, if any, error rate degradation for synthetic and real data sets.
High-performance, stretchable, wire-shaped supercapacitors.

A general approach toward extremely stretchable and highly conductive electrodes was developed. The method involves wrapping a continuous carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film around pre-stretched elastic wires, from which high-performance, stretchable wire-shaped supercapacitors were fabricated. The supercapacitors were made by twisting two such CNT-wrapped elastic wires, pre-coated with poly(vinyl alcohol)/H3PO4 hydrogel, as the electrolyte and separator. The resultant wire-shaped supercapacitors exhibited an extremely high elasticity of up to 350% strain with a high device capacitance up to 30.7 F g(-1), which is two times that of the state-of-the-art stretchable supercapacitor under only 100% strain. The wire-shaped structure facilitated the integration of multiple supercapacitors into a single wire device to meet specific energy and power needs for various potential applications. These supercapacitors can be repeatedly stretched from 0 to 200% strain for hundreds of cycles with no change in performance, thus outperforming all the reported state-of-the-art stretchable electronics.
Commentary on "Comparative Analysis of Music Recordings from Western and Non-Western traditions by Automatic Tonal Feature Extraction" by Emilia Gómez, and Perfecto Herrera

The article by Gomez and Herrera presents an original methodology, audaciously situated on a challenging junction between computer science, cognitive science and ethnomusicology. We hope expert ethnomusicologists will understand the experimental aspect of such a cross-disciplinary undertaking, and will pardon the potential imperfection in this computational attempt toward cross-cultural understanding. Despite the few shortcomings discussed in this commentary, we think the general methodology described in this paper is of high interest.
Comparison of the Elixhauser and Charlson/Deyo Methods of Comorbidity Measurement in Administrative Data

Background:Comorbidity risk adjustment methods have been used widely with administrative data, and the Charlson/Deyo method is perhaps the most commonly used in the literature. However, a new method defined by Elixhauser et al. has been introduced recently and could be superior, although it has not been validated widely. Objectives:We compared the Charlson/Deyo and Elixhauser methods using Canadian administrative data on patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Research Design:We conducted a historical cohort study. Subjects:We used administrative hospital discharge data from a large Canadian city for all cases with acute MI coded as most responsible diagnosis between January 1, 1995, and March 31, 2001. Measures:We used each of the 2 methods to define comorbidity variables based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes present in each case record. We then compared 2 models predicting in-hospital mortality based on presence or absence of the variables defined by each of the methods. Frequency tables were produced and c-statistics and changes in −2 log likelihood (−2LogL) were calculated. We also visually assessed model performance by plotting observed and expected percentages of death for increasing risk categories defined by the 2 models. Results:The Elixhauser model outperformed the Charlson/Deyo model in predicting mortality, with higher c-statistic values (0.793 vs. 0.704). Superior performance of the Elixhauser method is confirmed when plotting the expected and observed risks of death across groupings of increasing risk, in which the Elixhauser method yields a wider range of predicted and observed probabilities of death across groupings (2.5%–33%) than does the Charlson/Deyo method (5%–25%). Conclusions:The Elixhauser comorbidity measurement method performs better than the widely used Charlson/Deyo method in the Canadian acute MI cases studied.