Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Treatment Outcomes of Primary Alveolar Bone Grafts for Alveolar Clefts: A Qualitative Systematic Review

Background: Alveolar bone grafting is utilized to manage alveolar clefts in patients with cleft lip and palate. However, the timing of bone grafting is variable with conflicting evidence supporting the use of primary alveolar bone grafting (PABG) in clinical practice. Primary Aim: To provide a qualitative systematic review analysis of long-term outcomes after PABG. Materials and Methods: A qualitative systematic review was performed following the Cochrane Handbook and reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Summative findings were evaluated using Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research to assess the quality of evidence supporting the findings. Results: After removing duplication, 2182 publications were identified, and 2131 were excluded after screening through titles and abstracts. Inclusion criteria for this study included patients who underwent PABG at 24 months of age or younger and a minimum of 5 year follow-up. Thirty-two publications met the inclusion criteria and were included for qualitative analysis. Primary outcome measures included cephalometric analysis, bone graft survival, occlusal analysis, hypomineralization, tooth eruption, radiograph analysis, and arch relationships. Four assessment themes were characterized from the systematic review: (1) bone graft survival, (2) craniofacial skeletal relationships, (3) occlusion and arch forms, and (4) recommendations for utilizing PABG in practice. Conclusion: The reported systematic review provides evidence that performing PABG leads to poor long-term outcomes related to bone graft survival and maxillary growth restriction despite some reported positive outcomes.
Above- and below-ground resource acquisition strategies determine plant species responses to nitrogen enrichment

Abstract Background and Aims Knowledge of plant resource acquisition strategies is crucial for understanding the mechanisms mediating the responses of ecosystems to external nitrogen (N) input. However, few studies have considered the joint effects of above-ground (light) and below-ground (nutrient) resource acquisition strategies in regulating plant species responses to N enrichment. Here, we quantified the effects of light and non-N nutrient acquisition capacities on species relative abundance in the case of extra N input. Methods Based on an N-manipulation experiment in a Tibetan alpine steppe, we determined the responses of species relative abundances and light and nutrient acquisition capacities to N enrichment for two species with different resource acquisition strategies (the taller Stipa purpurea, which is colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the shorter Carex stenophylloides, which has cluster roots). Structural equation models were developed to explore the relative effects of light and nutrient acquisition on species relative abundance along the N addition gradient. Key Results We found that the relative abundance of taller S. purpurea increased with the improved light acquisition along the N addition gradient. In contrast, the shorter C. stenophylloides, with cluster roots, excelled in acquiring phosphorus (P) so as to elevate its leaf P concentration under N enrichment by producing large amounts of carboxylate exudates that mobilized moderately labile and recalcitrant soil P forms. The increased leaf P concentration of C. stenophylloides enhanced its light use efficiency and promoted its relative abundance even in the shade of taller competitors. Conclusions Our findings highlight that the combined effects of above-ground (light) and below-ground (nutrient) resources rather than light alone (the prevailing perspective) determine the responses of grassland community structure to N enrichment.
Highly Multiplexed Immunohistochemical MALDI-MS Imaging of Biomarkers in Tissues

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) combined with fluorescence microscopy provides an important and widely used tool for researchers and pathologists to image multiple biomarkers in tissue specimens. However, multiplex IHC using standard fluorescence microscopy is generally limited to 3–5 different biomarkers, with hyperspectral or multispectral methods limited to 8. We report the development of a new technology based on novel photocleavable mass-tags (PC-MTs) for facile antibody labeling, which enables highly multiplexed IHC based on MALDI mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-IHC). This approach significantly exceeds the multiplexity of both fluorescence- and previous cleavable mass-tag-based methods. Up to 12-plex MALDI-IHC was demonstrated on mouse brain, human tonsil, and breast cancer tissues specimens, reflecting the known molecular composition, anatomy, and pathology of the targeted biomarkers. Novel dual-labeled fluorescent PC-MT antibodies and label-free small-molecule mass spectrometric imaging greatly extend the capability of this new approach. MALDI-IHC shows promise for use in the fields of tissue pathology, tissue diagnostics, therapeutics, and precision medicine.
Kleinwinkel‐Lichtstreuung an nukleiertem polypropylen

Polypylen-Folien mit unterschiedlichem Keimbildnergehalt, kristallisiert bei Temperaturen zwischen 0 und 130°C, wurden mit Hilfe der Kleinwinkel-Licht-streuung untersucht. Nur Polypropylen-Folien ohne Keimbildner, kristallisiert unterhalb 40°C, ergaben das fur Spharolithe typische Hv-Streudiagramm in Formeines vierzahligen Kleeblattes, aus dem der mittlere Spharolithradius berechnet werden kann. Nukleierte Proben und nicht nukleierte, oberhalb 40°C kristallisierte Proben zeigen im Hv-Diagramm maximale Streuintenitat parallel zu den Durch lasrichtungen von Polarisator und Analysator. Ausgepragte qualitative Unterschiede zwischen den gemessenen Streukurven und den mit Hilfe des Stabchen Modells bechneten Sterukurven zeigen, das die beobachteten Streudiagramme nicht mit dem Stabchen-Modell erklart werden konnen. Der Vergleich mit elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen last vermuten, das eine Uberstruktru, bestehend aus Quadriten mit einer kreuzweise verwobenen Feinstruktur, die Ursache fur die intensive Lichtstreuung parallel zu den Durchlasrichtungen von Polarisator und Analysator ist. Der Ubergang von der spharolithischen zu einer nicht spharolithischen Uberstruktur liegt mit Aluminiumhydroxy-di-p-tert. -butylbenzoat als Keimbildner bei einer Konzentration zwischen 2,4 · 10−3 und 9,5 · 10−3 Gew. -%. Polypropylene films with different content of nucleator and crystallized at temperatures between 0 and 130°C were examined by small angle light scattering. Only unnucleated polypropylene films quenched to temperatures lower than 40°C gave Hv-scattering patterns in the form of a four-leaf clover, which is typical for a spherulitic texture and from which the average spherulite radius can be calculated. Nucleated polypropylene and unnucleated polypropylene crystallized at temperatures higher than 40°C show an Hv-scattering pattern, which is extended into the directions of the polarisator and the analysator having maxima at μ = 0° and μ = 90°. Distinct qualitative differences between measured intensity distribution curves and distribution curves calculated from a model involving a rodlike aggregate of crystals show that the measured scattering patterns cannot be interpreted in terms of a rodlike model. By comparison with electron micrographs it is presumed that a supermolecular structure of quadrites with a cross-hatched texture consisting of a network of narrow intercrossing structural units is the reason for the scattering parallel to the polarisator and the analysator. The transition from a spherulitic to a non spherulitic structure appears with aluminium-hydroxy-di-p-tert. -butylbenzoate as nucleator at a concentration between 2.4 · 10−3 and 9.5 · 10−3 wt. –%.
Activity and Safety of Mobocertinib (TAK-788) in Previously Treated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations From a Phase 1/2 Trial.

Mobocertinib, an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor targeting EGFR gene mutations including exon 20 insertions (EGFRex20ins) in non-small cell lung cancer, was evaluated in a phase 1/2 dose-escalation/expansion trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02716116). Dose escalation identified 160 mg daily as the recommended phase 2 dose and maximum tolerated dose. Among 136 patients treated with 160 mg daily, the most common any grade treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs; >25%) were diarrhea (83%), nausea (43%), rash (33%), and vomiting (26%), with diarrhea (21%) the only grade {greater than or equal to}3 TRAE >5%. Among 28 EGFRex20ins patients treated at 160 mg daily, the investigator-assessed confirmed response rate was 43% (12/28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 24-63%) with median duration of response of 14 months (5.0-not reached), and median progression-free survival of 7.3 months (4.4-15.6). Mobocertinib demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with diverse EGFRex20ins variants with a safety profile consistent with other EGFR inhibitors.
Copper Speciation in a Collection of Geochemical Reference Materials Using Sequential Extraction and Evaluation of the Validity Using XANES Spectroscopy

Copper speciation in a collection of Japanese geochemical reference materials (JSO‐1, JLk‐1, JSd‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and ‐4, JMs‐1 and JMs‐2) was achieved by sequential extraction and characterised using X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy. In the first step of the extraction, referred to as the acid fraction, between 1% and 20% total Cu within the reference materials was extracted. Such a result is typically accounted for by absorption of Cu onto clay minerals. However, the presence of Cu sulfate (an oxidation product of chalcopyrite) was observed in some of the stream sediments affected by mining activity (JSd‐2 and JSd‐3) instead. Copper was extracted in the reducible fraction (targeting Fe hydroxide and Mn oxide) (2–49% total Cu). Between 2% and 51% Cu was extracted in the oxidised fraction (targeting sulfides and organic matter). X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy clarified that the reducible fraction consisted of Cu bound to Fe hydroxide, whereas the oxidised fraction was a mixture of Cu bound to humic acid (HA) and Cu sulfide. In the oxidisable fraction, chalcopyrite was the predominant species identified in JSd‐2, and Cu bound to HA was the major species identified in JSO‐1 (a soil sample).
Knowledge, attitude and practice of vaccinators and vaccine handlers on vaccine cold chain management in public health facilities, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study

Background Effective management of the vaccine cold chain system at all levels is one of the crucial factors for maintaining vaccine potency. Vaccines require more complex handling and storage requirements due to increased temperature sensitivity and complicated immunization schedules. This urges adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of vaccinators and vaccine handlers’ in public health facilities. Methodology An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of 127 vaccinators and vaccine handlers in public health facilities of Oromia Special Zone, from September 1 to 30, 2019. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and a structured observation checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics were made using the statistical package for social sciences version 20. Variables with a p-value <0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Result The response rate was (96.94%). Sixty-eight (53.5%; 95% CI: 46.5%, 61.4%), 58 (45.7%; 95% CI: 37.8%, 53.5%) and 62 (48.8%: 95% CI; 41.7%, 56.7%) vaccinators and vaccine handlers had satisfactory knowledge, positive attitude and good practice respectively. Receiving training on cold chain management had a statistically significant association with the level of knowledge on cold chain management (AOR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.04–8.88). Conclusions More than half of vaccinators and vaccine handlers had satisfactory knowledge, while below half of vaccinators and vaccine handlers had a positive attitude and good practice. The determinants of knowledge in cold chain management were receiving training on cold chain management. Providing regular technical support and on the job training on vaccine cold chain management will improve the knowledge, attitude, and practice of vaccinators and vaccine handlers.
Two distinct and separable processes underlie individual differences in algorithm adherence: Differences in predictions and differences in trust thresholds

Algorithms play an increasingly ubiquitous and vitally important role in modern society. However, recent findings suggest substantial individual variability in the degree to which people make use of such algorithmic systems, with some users preferring the advice of algorithms whereas others selectively avoid algorithmic systems. The mechanisms that give rise to these individual differences are currently poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested two possible effects that may underlie this variability: users may differ in their predictions of the efficacy of algorithmic systems, and/or in the relative thresholds they hold to place trust in these systems. Based on a novel judgment task with a large number of within-subject repetitions, here we report evidence that both mechanisms exert an effect on experimental participant’s degree of algorithm adherence, but, importantly, that these two mechanisms are independent from each-other. Furthermore, participants are more likely to place their trust in an algorithmically managed fund if their first exposure to the task was with an algorithmic manager. These findings open the door for future research into the mechanisms driving individual differences in algorithm adherence, and allow for novel interventions to increase adherence to algorithms.
Biophysical and rheological biomarkers of red blood cell physiology and pathophysiology

Purpose of review This review summarizes the significant biophysical and rheological aspects of red blood cell physiology and pathophysiology in relation to recent advances in microfluidic biomarker assays and emerging targeted or curative intent therapies. Recent findings Alterations in red cell biophysical properties and blood rheology have been associated with numerous hematologic and circulatory disorders. Recent advances in biomarker assays enable effective assessment of these biophysical and rheological properties in normoxia or physiological hypoxia in a clinically meaningful way. There are emerging targeted or curative therapies that aim to improve red cell pathophysiology, especially in the context of inherited hemoglobin disorders, such as sickle cell disease. Summary Red cell pathophysiology can be therapeutically targeted and the improvements in membrane and cellular biophysics and blood rheology can now be feasibly assessed via new microfluidic biomarker assays. Recent advances provide a new hope and novel treatment options for major red cell ailments, including inherited hemoglobin disorders, membrane disorders, and other pathologies of the red cell, such as malaria.
Meta-analysis of BCOR rearranged sarcomas: challenging the therapeutic approach

Abstract Introduction BCOR rearranged sarcomas comprise a group of malignant mesenchymal tumors that until recently were classified as Ewing sarcomas or as undifferentiated round cell sarcomas. The identification of alterations involving BCOR gene such as BCOR-CCNB3, BCOR-MAML3, ZC3H7B-BCOR fusion genes and BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD) is characteristic for the differential diagnosis of BCOR rearranged sarcomas. Due to the rarity of these tumors there is no consensus or guidelines regarding the optimal therapeutic algorithm, that clinicians should follow. Patients and methods Herein we have conducted a meta-analysis of the current reports dealing with the therapeutic approach of BCOR rearranged sarcomas. Results Meta-analysis of the 57 eligible cases from 10 studies resulted to similar Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) and overall survival (OS) for patients who received Ewing protocols and non-Ewing oriented treatment. Further similar death rate was reported for both strategies (non-Ewing 20% Vs Ewing 21.8%). Conclusion Our data support that non-Ewing treatment strategy can be considered a safe option, being at least equal to Ewing protocols. The current study provides a hint toward the optimal therapeutic approach of BCOR rearranged sarcomas. Further, the present study challenges the use of the term Ewing-like sarcomas, since the current literature supports that BCOR rearranged sarcomas deserve their own distinct classification in terms of genetics, pathology and therapy.
Bioactive platinum complex of ligand bearing pyrimidine skeleton: DNA/BSA binding, molecular docking, anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

Abstract A new octahedral platinum complex [PtLCl4] of Schiff base ligand containing pyrimidine and morpholine skeleton (where, L is 4,6-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)methylene)-2-morpholinoethanamine) was isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FTIR, UV–visible and ESI-MS techniques. DNA interaction of isolated compounds with calf thymus (CT-DNA) was explored by UV–vis absorption, fluorescence, cyclic voltametric and viscometric methods. The result shows that prepared compounds can interact with CT-DNA through electrostatic interactions. Bovine serum album (BSA) binding behavior of isolated compounds was also studied by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence techniques. Both the spectroscopic results suggest that the isolated ligand and its complex bind with BSA through static quenching. The optimized structure of ligand and platinum complex were achieved by the DFT calculations. Moreover, molecular docking of ligand and its complex were studied. These analysis results reveal that ligand has low binding affinity on DNA and BSA molecules in contrast to its complex. In vitro anticancer activity of isolated compounds toward normal cell line (NHDF) as well as cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2, HeLa and A549) was studied by MTT assay. The results supports that isolated platinum complex can control the growth of cancer cells (MCF-7, 20.12 ± 1.00 µg/mL; HepG2, 32.2 ± 1.69 µg/mL; HeLa, 24.68 ± 1.29 µg/mL; A549, 23.46 ± 1.17 µg/mL) without inhibiting the normal cell line (NHDF, 109.26 ± 5.46 µg/mL). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of isolated compounds indicate that ligand and Pt complex are found to have good radical scavenging against four different free radicals and antimicrobial abilities on E. coli and C. albicans antimicrobial species. Highlights Platinum complex of Schiff base with pyrimidine and morpholine linkage was synthesized. Pt complex has better biomolecular interaction with DNA and BSA. Molecular docking of Pt complex with DNA and BSA has been studied Pt complex has good anticancer activities. Pt complex has better antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Graphical Abstract Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Radiographic quantification of left atrial size in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Abstract Background In the absence of echocardiography, identification of cardiomegaly via thoracic radiography is a necessary criterion for classification of disease severity in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Objective Modified‐vertebral left atrial size (M‐VLAS) facilitates objective radiographic assessment of the left atrium (LA) in 2 dimensions and identifies LA enlargement more accurately than existing methods. Animals Sixty‐four dogs with various stages of MMVD and 6 control healthy dogs. Methods Retrospective case–control study. Medical records were searched for dogs with varying severity of MMVD. Modified‐vertebral left atrial size, vertebral left atrial size (VLAS), vertebral heart size (VHS), and radiographic left atrial dimension (RLAD) were measured from thoracic radiographs and compared with echocardiographically derived measurements. Results Positive correlation to LA/Ao was identified for M‐VLAS (r = 0.77, P < .001), VLAS (r = 0.76, P < .001), RLAD (r = 0.75, P < .001), and VHS (r = 0.67, P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic analyzes provided an area under the curve of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94‐1.00) for M‐VLAS, which was superior to VHS (0.90, 95% CI, 0.94‐1.00, P = .03) in identifying dogs with LA/Ao ≥1.6. A cut‐off value of ≥3.4 vertebrae using M‐VLAS provided 92.7% sensitivity and 93.1% specificity in predicting LA enlargement. Conclusions and clinical importance M‐VLAS, which is superior to VHS, offers an accurate and repeatable way to radiographically identify LA enlargement in dogs with MMVD.
Importance of health assessments for conservation in noncaptive wildlife

Wildlife health assessments help identify populations at risk of starvation, disease, and decline from anthropogenic impacts on natural habitats. We conducted an overview of available health assessment studies in noncaptive vertebrates and devised a framework to strategically integrate health assessments in population monitoring. Using a systematic approach, we performed a thorough assessment of studies examining multiple health parameters of noncaptive vertebrate species from 1982 to 2020 (n = 261 studies). We quantified trends in study design and diagnostic methods across taxa with generalized linear models, bibliometric analyses, and visual representations of study location versus biodiversity hotspots. Only 35% of studies involved international or cross‐border collaboration. Countries with both high and threatened biodiversity were greatly underrepresented. Species that were not listed as threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List represented 49% of assessed species, a trend likely associated with the regional focus of most studies. We strongly suggest following wildlife health assessment protocols when planning a study and using statistically adequate sample sizes for studies establishing reference ranges. Across all taxa blood analysis (89%), body composition assessments (81%), physical examination (72%), and fecal analyses (24% of studies) were the most common methods. A conceptual framework to improve design and standardize wildlife health assessments includes guidelines on the experimental design, data acquisition and analysis, and species conservation planning and management implications. Integrating a physiological and ecological understanding of species resilience toward threatening processes will enable informed decision making regarding the conservation of threatened species.