Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization and computational analysis of PDZ domains in Monosiga brevicollis

Identification of the molecular networks that facilitated the evolution of multicellular animals from their unicellular ancestors is a fundamental problem in evolutionary cellular biology. Choanoflagellates are recognized as the closest extant nonmetazoan ancestors to animals. These unicellular eukaryotes can adopt a multicellular‐like “rosette” state. Therefore, they are compelling models for the study of early multicellularity. Comparative studies revealed that a number of putative human orthologs are present in choanoflagellate genomes, suggesting that a subset of these genes were necessary for the emergence of multicellularity. However, previous work is largely based on sequence alignments alone, which does not confirm structural nor functional similarity. Here, we focus on the PDZ domain, a peptide‐binding domain which plays critical roles in myriad cellular signaling networks and which underwent a gene family expansion in metazoan lineages. Using a customized sequence similarity search algorithm, we identified 178 PDZ domains in the Monosiga brevicollis proteome. This includes 11 previously unidentified sequences, which we analyzed using Rosetta and homology modeling. To assess conservation of protein structure, we solved high‐resolution crystal structures of representative M. brevicollis PDZ domains that are homologous to human Dlg1 PDZ2, Dlg1 PDZ3, GIPC, and SHANK1 PDZ domains. To assess functional conservation, we calculated binding affinities for mbGIPC, mbSHANK1, mbSNX27, and mbDLG‐3 PDZ domains from M. brevicollis. Overall, we find that peptide selectivity is generally conserved between these two disparate organisms, with one possible exception, mbDLG‐3. Overall, our results provide novel insight into signaling pathways in a choanoflagellate model of primitive multicellularity.
Financial advice as a "credence" service: the role of investor competence

This paper studies the role of investor competence in a model where nancial advice is assumed to be a "credence service" (Dulleck and Kerchmbamer (2006), Pesendorfer and Wolinsky (2003)). According to this view, only a professional advisor exerting high diagnostic e¤ort can identify and recommend the nancial service that meets the investors needs the best. Every investor can, costly, consult multiple experts and/or directly verify the level of e¤ort exerted by each of them. We empirically test the conjecture that nancial advice can be framed within the "credence services approach" insofar as it is properly emended to account for the role of the investors nancial competence. Overall the data provide support of our conjecture. More speci cally, we nd that (i) more competent investors are able to discipline the advisorsactivity through direct monitoring; (ii) search for second opinions is more intense among investors demanding for professional advice rather than among investors delegating their portfolio choice to an advisor; and (iii) the level of investorscompetence a¤ects the degree of their portfolio sophistication less when investors ask for advice than when they do not. Keywords: Financial Advice, Financial Literacy, Credence Goods JEL Classi cations: G11, G24, D80 EMYLON Business School and CeRP-Collegio Carlo Alberto, e-mail: calcagno@em-lyon.com yUniversity of Turin and CeRP-Collegio Carlo Alberto, email: maela.giofre@unito.it zILC-UK (International Longevity Centre UK), email: CesiraUrziBrancati@ilcuk.org. uk
Evaluation of the effects of hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) administration as a constant rate infusion on plasma colloid osmotic pressure in hypoabluminemic dogs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of 2 constant rate infusions of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 on plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in hypoalbuminemic dogs. DESIGN Prospective, randomized clinical trial. ANIMALS A total of 24 client-owned dogs. INTERVENTIONS Hypoalbuminemic euvolemic dogs (albumin < 20 g/L [<2 g/dL]) with normal perfusion parameters requiring IV fluid therapy were enrolled. In addition to crystalloid, HES 130/0.4 was administered as a constant rate infusion over 24 hours at 1 mL/kg/h (group 1, n = 15) or at 2 mL/kg/h (group 2, n = 9), in order to support plasma COP. Before infusion, a blood sample was collected to perform CBC, serum electrophoresis, and serologic tests for some infective diseases. Plasma COP, albumin concentration, PCV, and total plasma protein concentration were evaluated serially at baseline (T0) and then at 6, 12, and 24 hours after the start of infusion, and a multilevel model was performed for these parameters to detect statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS Twenty-four dogs were included. No statistically significant differences in COP were found between the 2 groups; however, a high level of variability has been identified within the single individual. Among the other laboratory analyses, PCV was significantly decreased in group 1 at T12 and T24 compared with T0 (P < 0.001) and total plasma protein concentration was significantly increased in group 2 at T12 and T24 compared with T0 (P < 0.008). CONCLUSION No significant effect on plasma COP was found following infusion with HES 130/0.4 at doses of 1 mL/kg/h and 2 mL/kg/h for 24 hours to hypoalbuminemic dogs. The administered concomitant dose of crystalloids, underlying disease, and small sample size were all potential confounding factors.
Distributed Node Scheduling with Adjustable Weight Factor for Ad-hoc Networks

In this paper, a novel distributed scheduling scheme for an ad-hoc network is proposed. Specifically, the throughput and the delay of packets with different importance are flexibly adjusted by quantifying the importance as weight factors. In this scheme, each node is equipped with two queues, one for packets with high importance and the other for packets with low importance. The proposed scheduling scheme consists of two procedures: intra-node slot reallocation and inter-node reallocation. In the intra-node slot reallocation, self-fairness is adopted as a key metric, which is a composite of the quantified weight factors and traffic loads. This intra-node slot reallocation improves the throughput and the delay performance. Subsequently, through an inter-node reallocation algorithm adopted from LocalVoting (slot exchange among queues having the same importance), the fairness of traffics with the same importance is enhanced. Thorough simulations were conducted under various traffic load and weight factor settings. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can adjust packet delivery performance according to a predefined weight factor. Moreover, compared with conventional algorithms, the proposed algorithm achieves better performance in throughput and delay. The low average delay while attaining the high throughput ensures the excellent performance of the proposed algorithm.
THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF GRAY DIVORCE FOR WOMEN AND MEN

Abstract Surprisingly little is known about the consequences of gray divorce (after age 50) and how women and men fare economically during the aftermath. Using longitudinal data from the 2004-2014 Health and Retirement Study, we estimated hybrid fixed/random effects models comparing women’s and men’s economic well-being prior to, during, and following gray divorce and subsequent repartnering. Women experienced a 45% decline in their standard of living, whereas men’s dropped by just 21%. These declines persisted over time for men, and only reversed for women following repartnering, which essentially offset women’s losses associated with gray divorce. Both men and women experienced roughly a 50% drop in wealth. Although repartnering seems to reverse most of the economic costs of gray divorce for women, few form new co-residential unions after divorce. This study offers insight about the financial aftermath of gray divorce, which is likely to contribute to growing economic disadvantage among older adults.
Large Extracellular Vesicles—A New Frontier of Liquid Biopsy in Oncology

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are emerging as pivotal elements in cancer. Many studies have focused on the role of Small- (S)-EVs but in recent years Large-(L)-EVs have progressively gained increasing interest due to their peculiar content and functions. Tumor-derived L-EVs carry a lot of oncogenic proteins, nucleic acids and lipids to recipient cells and are involved in the reshaping of the tumor microenvironment as well as in the metabolic rewiring and the promotion of the pro-metastatic attitude of cancer cells. Several techniques have been developed for the isolation of L-EVs and commercial kits are also available for efficient and easy recovery of these vesicles. Also, the improvement in DNA sequencing and “omics sciences” profoundly changed the way to analyze and explore the molecular content of L-EVs, thus providing novel and potentially useful cancer biomarkers. Herein, we review the most recent findings concerning the role of L-EVs in cancer and discuss their possible use in oncology as “liquid biopsy” tools as compared to the other classes of EVs.
Private and Perennial Distributed Computation ∗

: In this paper we consider the problem of n agents (servers) wishing to perform a given computation on behalf of a user, on common inputs and in a privacy preserving manner, in the sense that even if the entire memory contents of some of them are exposed, no information is revealed about the state of the computation, and where there is no a priori bound on the number of inputs. The problem has received ample attention recently in several domains, including cloud computing as well as swarm computing and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) that collaborate in a common mission, and schemes have been proposed that achieve this notion of privacy for arbitrary computations, at the expense of one round of communication per input among the n agents. In this work we show how to avoid communication altogether during the course of the computation, with the trade-off of computing a smaller class of functions, namely, those carried out by ﬁnite-state automata. Our scheme, which is based on a novel combination of secret-sharing techniques and the Krohn-Rhodes decomposition of ﬁnite state automata, achieves the above goal in an information-theoretically secure manner, and, furthermore, does not require randomness during its execution.
Unveiling Parkinson’s Disease Features from a Primate Model with Deep Neural Networks

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with increasing prevalence in the world population and is Characterised by motor and cognitive symptoms. Although cortical EEG readings from PD-affected humans have being commonly used to feed different machine learning frameworks, the directly affected areas are concentrated in a group of subcortical nuclei and related areas, the so-called motor loop. As those areas may only be directly accessed through invasive procedures, such as Local Field Potential (LFP) measurements, most data collection must rely on animal models. To the best of our knowledge, no neural networks-based analysis centred on LFP data from the motor loop was reported so far. In this work, we trained and evaluated a set of deep neural networks on a dataset recorded from marmoset monkeys, with LFP readings from healthy and parkinsonian subjects. We analysed each trained neural network with respect to its inputs and representations from intermediate layers. CNN and ConvLSTM classifiers were applied, reaching accuracies up to 99.80%, as well as a CNN-based autoencoder, which has also shown to learn PD-related representations. The results and analysis provided further insights and foster research on the correlates of Parkinson’s Disease.
Right‐sided non‐recurrent laryngeal nerve without any vascular anomaly: an anatomical trap

 Hypothesis ideation with SRB.  Design of study.  Performed preliminary experiments with SRB: evaluating Kp-Bt community growth under various glucose conditions in batch culture.  Built the mathematical model used in this study (Figure 2). Using the mathematical models predicted state-switching and hysteresis within the community and identified regions of bi-stability with respect to glucose and oxygen input conditions (Figure 3).  Designed CSTR experiments. These experiments were performed by RLW and TK.  Established the protocol for short chain fatty acids measurements (further optimized by RLW).  Performed qPCR of the CSTR samples (Figure S5).  Established the protocol for RNA extraction of CSTR samples for RNA sequencing. Performed the RNA extraction of all CSTR samples for RNA sequencing.  Established the bioinformatics pipeline for processing and analyzing the CSTR samples (mixed-species samples). Processed and analyzed the RNA sequencing data (Figure 5).  Wrote and made figures for the manuscript.
Parent-adolescent conflict in the context of parental support : Families with alcoholic and nonalcoholic fathers

The authors tested the hypothesis that parental support provides a social context that moderates the effects of parent-adolescent conflict on adolescent problem behavior. They also examined the possible potentiating effects of a family risk factor, paternal alcoholism, on parent-adolescent conflict. Cross-sectional and prospective analyses of 269 adolescents and their parents showed that parent-adolescent conflict was more highly related to adolescent problem behavior when parental support was low than when support was high. Parent-adolescent conflict was related to problem behavior for adolescent children of alcoholics, but not for children of nonalcoholic parents. These findings support the contention that the effects of parent-adolescent conflict need to be understood within the context of other interpersonal and family background characteristics.
ACCELERATED DISCOVERY Promoter Methylation and Silencing of the Retinoic Acid Receptor- Gene in Lung Carcinomas

Background: Retinoic acid plays an important role in lung development and differentiation, acting primarily via nuclear receptors encoded by the retinoic acid receptor(RAR) gene. Because receptor isoforms RAR2 and RAR4 are repressed in human lung cancers, we investigated whether methylation of their promoter, P2, might lead to silencing of the RAR gene in human lung tumors and cell lines. Methods: Methylation of the P2 promoter from smallcell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and tumor samples was analyzed by the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression of RAR2 and RAR4 was analyzed by reverse transcription–PCR. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was analyzed by PCR amplification followed by electrophoretic separation of PCR products. Statistical differences were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test with continuity correction. Results: The P2 promoter was methylated in 72% (63 of 87) of SCLC and in 41% (52 of 127) of NSCLC tumors and cell lines, and the difference was statistically significant (twosided P<.001). By contrast, in 57 of 58 control samples, we observed only the unmethylated form of the gene. Four tumor cell lines with unmethylated promoter regions expressed both RAR2 and RAR4. Four tumor lines with methylated promoter regions lacked expression of these isoforms, but demethylation by exposure to 5-aza-2deoxycytidine restored their expression. LOH at chromosome 3p24 was observed in 100% (13 of 13) of SCLC lines and 67% (12 of 18) of NSCLC cell lines, and the difference was statistically significant (two-sided P = .028). Conclusions: Methylation of the RAR P2 promoter is one mechanism that silences RAR2 and RAR4 expression in many lung cancers, particularly SCLC. Chemical demethylation is a potential approach to lung cancer therapy. [J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:1303–7]
WELL-FUNCTIONING IN PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGISTS : AS PROGRAM HEADS SEE IT

The heads of 107 programs in professional psychology certified by the American Psychological Association participated in a questionnaire study designed to learn dieir views about well-functioning in professional psychologists and what they had done and would like to do, programmatically, to maintain and enhance it. Their responses were compared with those of 339 licensed psychologists in a prior study. Although the 2 groups both assigned high ratings to self-awareness, a balanced lifestyle, relationship with spouse or partner, and personal values, overall the program heads put more emphasis on the didactic-supervisory items, whereas the practitioners emphasized the personal-existential items. Modifications of psychology programs to place well-functioning of students on par with other major purposes are described in detail.
Editorial 2012

We are pleased to report that the state of the journal continues to be strong. Molecular Ecology’s impact factor as calculated by ISI Web of Knowledge rose for the sixth year in a row, from 4.301 in 2005 to 6.457 in 2010. The journal currently ranks fifth in impact in both the Ecology (130 journals) and Evolutionary Biology (45 journals) categories tracked by ISI. When only journals publishing primary research articles are considered, Molecular Ecology ranks second and third among Ecology and Evolutionary Biology journals, respectively. The 414 articles published in Molecular Ecology in 2010 make it one of the largest journals in ecology and evolutionary biology as well, ranking third in both subject categories.
Parental Descriptions of Child Personality : Developmental Antecedents of the Big Five?

Contents: Preface. G.A. Kohnstamm, C.F. Halverson, Jr., I. Mervielde, V.L. Havill, Analyzing Parental Free Descriptions of Child Personality. E. Elphick, C.F. Halverson, Jr., M. Marzal-Wisniewska, Extraversion: Toward a Unifying Description From Infancy to Adulthood. V.L. Havill, E. Besevegis, S. Mouroussaki, Agreeableness as a Diachronic Human Trait. G.A. Kohnstamm, Y. Zhang, A-M. Slotboom, E. Elphick, A Developmental Integration of Conscientiousness From Childhood to Adulthood. A. Angleitner, G.A. Kohnstamm, A-M. Slotboom, E. Besevegis, Emotional Stability: Developmental Perspectives From Childhood to Adulthood. I. Mervielde, F. De Fruyt, S. Jarmuz, Linking Openness and Intellect in Childhood and Adulthood. A-M. Slotboom, V.L. Havill, V. Pavlopoulos, F. De Fruyt, Developmental Changes in Personality Descriptions of Children: A Cross-National Comparison of Parental Descriptions of Children. F. De Fruyt, A. Van Hiel, V. Buyst, Parental Personality Descriptions of Boys and Girls. J.B. Victor, H.E. Dent, B. Carter, C.F. Halverson, Jr., V.L. Havill, How African American Parents Describe Their Children. I. Mervielde, Validity of Results Obtained by Analyzing Free Personality Descriptions. A-M. Slotboom, E. Elphick, Appendix: Composition of the Seven Samples.
Biochemical systematics of some species in the genus Tuber

We report results on a systematic study of the genus Tuber using isozyme analysis. Eighteen en- zyme loci were analyzed on numerous fruitbodies of various morphotaxa collected from different Spanish, French, Italian a -' lstrian locations. Fruitbodies were classified i-,to 20 electrophoretic types based on isozyme polyrmorphisms. Genetic distances were ana-
Taking into account the strength of an alternative hypothesis.

A common phenomenon in judgment under uncertainty is that alternative hypotheses are underweighted or ignored. This article addresses when and how the strength of the alternative is taken into account when there are 2 hypotheses. A learning manipulation was used to invoke 2 representations of 2 illnesses in a medical diagnosis task. One representation tended to lead to consideration of the alternative when, for example, requesting new information, reporting confidence, and making diagnoses. The other representation tended to result in ignoring or underweighting the alternative, but a simple change in how confidence was probed increased consideration of the alternative. Costs and benefits of each representation are discussed. Implicitly or explicitly, people are constantly assessing the likelihood of hypotheses, or unknown states of the world. Examples include estimating how likely it is that your favorite team will win its next game, that it will rain tomorrow, that a defendant is guilty, or that a new acquaintance is thoughtful. Every hypothesis has at least one alternative. For instance, when assessing your team's chances of winning, the alternative hypothesis is that the opposing team will win. If the competing hypotheses are mutually exclusive and exhaustive (i.e., exactly one of the hypotheses is true), confidence in the truth of one hypothesis should be influenced by the relative strength(s) of the other(s). Thus, when asked about the likelihood of your team winning, you should consider the quality of both teams. Ignoring the strength of the opposing team is potentially problematic because the stronger you think the opposing team is, the lower your confidence should be in your team.
Molecular cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding a microsomal w-6 fatty acid desaturase from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

A cDNA (ghFAD2-1) encoding a seed-specific microsomal ω-6 desaturase was isolated from a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Deltapine-16) embryo cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence showed substantial similarity to other plant microsomal ω-6 desaturases. Northern blot analysis indicated that the ghFAD2-1 transcript was specifically induced during embryo development and expression of the transcript could not be detected in leaves. Southern blot analysis using the coding region and 3′ untranslated region of ghFAD2-1 revealed that microsomal ω-6 desaturase in cotton is encoded by a small multigene family. There are at least two copies of ghFAD2-1 in two tetraploid cotton species (G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.) and at least one copy in diploid cotton species (G. herbaceum L., G. raimondii Ulbrich and G. robinsonii Mueller).
Changes in the Endogenous Level of Zeatin Riboside, Abscisic Acid and Indole Acetic Acid during Formation and Thickening of Tuberous Roots in Sweet Potato

Changes in zeatin riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) contents of roots in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) during their development were investigated by using two cultivars which differed in the thickening potential of tuberous roots and a related wild species, I.trifida, which formed no tuberous roots. Although ZR contents of fibrous roots did not differ among the materials, it apparently increased at the formation of tuberous roots in the cultivars. In the wild species, ZR content slightly increased later when root diameter exceeded 2mm. ZR contents of tuberous roots was a little higher in one cultivar, which had more tuberous roots but of smaller weight of tuberous roots than the other. ABA contents of fibrous roots did not differ between two cultivars and was smaller in the wild species. ABA contents of tuberous roots in the cultivars increased after the time of increase in ZR contents. In the wild species, it was almost steady. Remarkable difference in ABA contents of tuberous roots was found between two cultivars ; it was higher in the cultivar which had higher weight of tuberous roots. Regarding IAA contents of roots, no tendencies were found in the cultivars after fluctuation. From these results with the results of anatomical observations of roots, the differential roles of these plant hormones on the formation and thickening of tuberous roots was suggested.