Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital image correlation measurements during gusset plate connection testing to structural failure.

This report describes the use of three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation to measure the shape, displacement, and in-plane strain fields, during testing of gusset plate structural connections. Twelve full-scale bridge gusset plate connections of various geometries and boundary conditions were tested at the the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) TurnerFairbank Highway Research Center (Ocel et al., 2012). These experiments are part of the verification of numerical models as part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 12-84 “Guidelines for the Load and Resistance Factor Design and Rating of Riveted and Bolted Gusset Plate Connections for Steel Bridges”. The measurements described here are in regards to the tests performed to failure (i.e., maximum load carrying capacity of the connection). During each of the twelve tests to failure, a series (typically about 150) of image pairs were taken for subsequent digital image correlation analysis. Although all of the image pairs were processed, only a very small portion of the results are explicitly presented here. General access to the overall data set will be given to other researchers. Overall, the measurements showed reasonable uncertainties on the order of ± 175 μm/m of maximum inplane shear strain, and the measured out of plane initial shapes of the plates typically matched qualitative inspections of the connections. In this report, the layout, calibration, and measurement procedure associated with the digital image correlation system are described in detail to aid in understanding of the results. The results shown here include a sample of the measured and derived variables for one experiment at two conditions, to inform the reader of the type of data that is available. The results also include an abbreviated set of results that show the evolution of the out of plane shape and maximum shear strain field at four points in loading from the initial condition to failure. These are very useful in visualizing the mechanisms (buckling and/or shear failure of the plate) that lead to eventual failure of the connection. The evolution of strain bands of maximum in-plane shear is seen quite clearly in many of the plates. These localized bands of deformation frequently extended from the bolt lines of one member to another member through the large open areas of the plate. Comparison between all of the plates at failure, in terms of the maximum in-plane strain fields, is also presented. This comparison helps delineate plates that failed after significant shearing versus the ones that failed with minimal or no shearing. The comparison also shows very clearly the effect of reduced thickness, which was used as an analog to section loss due to corrosion.
Monitoring clinical performance: invited comments on the papers by Grigg and Farewell and Marshall et al.

David Spiegelhalter (Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge) I am pleased to be able to comment on these excellent and complementary two papers. Whereas Grigg and Farewell follow the more traditional quality control literature in exploring the efficiency of alternative charting methods in single, fairly well-controlled situations, Marshall and colleagues use a single method but face the difficulties in designing a system to be used on many subjects where the reasons for variability are poorly understood.
Purinergic regulation of steroid secretion in the bovine adrenal cortex (inner zone)

Although ACTH is the main stimulus to Cortisol secretion from zona fasciculata/reticularis (zfr) cells of the adrenal cortex, recent work has established the importance of other hormones and neurotransmitters in the regulation of steroidogenesis. In view of the close association of the adrenal cortex and medulla and the morphological evidence for cell-cell contacts, the possibility that chromaffin cell secretory products might influence adrenocortical cell function merits closer investigation. One such secretory product is the purine, ATP which is known to bind to cell surface receptors and influence cell function in a variety of cell types. Preliminary work in this department has indicated that ATP is able to stimulate Cortisol secretion from bovine zfr adrenocortical cells. The aims of this thesis were: a) to investigate the mechanisms by which ATP, adenosine and other purines stimulate Cortisol secretion from bovine adrenal zfr cells maintained in primary culture, b) to study the interactions of ATP with the other adrenocortical hormones and finally c) to investigate the acute and chronic effects of ACTH, All and ATP on the regulation of the steroidogenic pathways. The purinergic agonists ATP and ADP stimulated Cortisol secretion in a dosedependent manner in both freshly-isolated and cultured cells (ATP: Emax (the maximum stimulatory response) = 423 ± 220 nmol/l/h; ACTH: Emax = 1205 ± 481 nmol/l/h). Peak Cortisol secretion to these agonists was observed on day 3 (48 h) of cell culture. Cells were also responsive to the pyrimidine nucleotide, UTP. EC50 values for ATP, ADP and UTP were 5.83 ± 3.98 x 106 M, 13.7 ± 5.67 x 10"6 M and 7.33 ± 4.52 x 10"7 M respectively. In the absence of specific P2 purinergic receptor antagonists, the receptor subtype(s) mediating the steroidogenic responses to the purines were characterised using selective agonists and second messenger studies. The potency order for a range of purine analogues was as follows: ATP = UTP > ADP > 2-methylthio ATP > a, p-methylene ATP = p.y-methylene ATP > AMP. ATP, ADP and UTP all dose-dependently stimulated
Applying a Two‐Stage System to Prioritize Riparian Restoration at the San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California

A two‐stage system for selecting stream reaches and riparian communities for restoration was applied to the 80‐km San Luis Rey River below the Lake Henshaw dam in southern California. In the first satge, data from topographic quadrangles and aerial photographs were analyzed to define and classiy reaches. These analyses concluded that (1) 28 km of the river and adjacent floodplain were suitable for second‐stage evaluation of restoration needs and (2) 32 km met criteria for reference conditions at the stream reach scale and should be protected from further impacts. The remaining 20 km of the river and floodplain were considered unsuitable for restoration to reach‐scale reference conditions; individual sites may be restored under existing regulatory review. Second‐stage field sampling provided data on vegetation and floodplain landforms and substrate from more thatn 3000 plots within the 28 km of river and 1120 ha of floodplain selected for further Study. Classification of floristic samples stratified by landform/substrate class indicated six primary riparian communities on the floodplain, some associated with particular floodplain landform/substrate classes and others ubiquitous. Reference conditions for these communities were interpreted from the data. There were two major departures from reference conditions: tree‐dominated communities were less extensive than historic levels and exotic plants had significantly invaded some landforms and communities, displacing natural com‐munities. General goals would include restoration of tree communities and removal of exotics, with further consideration of site‐specific objectives. The results included estimates of the areas by community type re‐quiring restoration. The approach was developed for streams in the semi‐arid western United States, but it may be adapted for use elsewhere.
Delta Rhapsody

Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) has become the pre‐eminent paradigm used to improve the development of complex systems. Additionally, Delta Modelling provides an incremental approach to the design and maintenance of models when there is variability in the system. In this context, the market leading IBM Rhapsody® provides a professional and wide range of functionalities. Nevertheless, there is not support for Delta Modelling in IBM Rhapsody®. To meet this need, the Delta Rhapsody solution has been developed. With the tool a new variant model can be automatically generated applying deltas to a core model. The application of the solution in an industrial case study has been undertaken. From this, it was concluded that the Delta Rhapsody solution notably reduces the required time to develop a variant model. To further improve the Delta Rhapsody solution, some future works have also been identified.
Modified Synchronous Vector Control Design of Multilevel Inverters for AC Grid Applications

Abstract This article presents a modified synchronous vector control design of a five-level cascaded H-Bridge inverter for integration of distributed generation (DG) resources to the power grid. The presented control strategy explores the limitations in the conventional synchronous vector control algorithm of grid-connected converter (GCC). The dynamic reference point (DRP) approach is considered to improve the performance of GCC. Compared with conventional control algorithm, DRP based control algorithm exhibits several specific advantages, such as increased reliability of the grid-interfaced converter, more active and reactive power injection capacity of the converter, and reduced cost of the converter. The objectives of control technique of the DG interface system are also employed to enhance the standard of the power grid. The optimized space vector pulse-width modulation (OSVPWM) control technique is used for grid integration. The simulation and experimental results are presented in order to validate the proposed functionalities of the grid-interfaced DG system. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated with better utilization of DG system, faster dynamics with reduced total harmonic distortion, better power factor, compensated load reactive power, and fault withstanding capability.
Pseudogrand tour

The pseudogrand tour (PGT) is an approximate version of the grand tour (GT), and an example of the dynamic data visualization methods that assist in exploring hyperdimensional data through a continuous sequence of lower dimensional projections. The PGT adds the time dimensionality to the visualization process which in turn increases the human interaction with the data and reveals comprehensive views of the data. The PGT has some clear advantage suitable for the dynamic data visualization—such as the fast and easy computation, can be constructed using many orthogonal bases (interpolation functions), and the flexibility to visualize the projections as a sequence of scatterplot frames changing over time or a static profile plots of interpolated projections. This article focuses on the implementations of the PGT, the use of interpolation functions, the extensions to higher dimensions, and the scalability to large data points. WIREs Comp Stat 2010 2 711–718 DOI: 10.1002/wics.133
Customized and Developed Auto CAD in Print and Output Surroundings Based on VBA

when Auto CAD is used as a universal computer-aided drawing and design software,it has a powerful function in editing and printing 2D and 3D drawing.It uses the programming function of AutoCAD's VBA to do some special customization for improving working efficiency.A method using VBA to customize the print and output environment in AutoCAD is introduced,which can improve the print efficiency for CAD sketch and realize the integration of design and output easily.
Details of stratification in a sloping bottom boundary layer of Great Meteor Seamount

Detailed temperature and current observations show rapid variations in vertical overturning and stratification above Great Meteor Seamount. Classically, steady downwelling interior flow generates a large homogeneous turbulent bottom boundary layer (bbl) and upwelling interior flow generates a small bbl above a sloping bottom. In contrast, the present observations show the dominance of bores and waves in bbl variations above a slope that is non‐critical for internal tidal waves. During the upslope tidal phase a small bbl is preceded by a breaking bore extending up to 50 m. The bore shows many small stratified layers. These small layers organize in two large, strongly stratified layers, one at <10 m, the other at ∼40 m. During the downslope phase only the lower remains. Above it a thick ∼homogeneous layer is observed, which however does not reach the bottom and thus cannot qualify as a bbl having no influence on sediment resuspension.
Optimal Thrust Allocation for Dynamic Positioning of Deep-sea Working Vessel

In this study, a thruster allocation method of a deep-sea working vessel was proposed with the aims of producing the demanded generalized forces and moment for dynamic positioning while at the same time minimizing total power. For this, an optimization problem for thrust allocation was mathematically formulated with design variables, objective function, and constraints. The genetic algorithms (GA) was used to solve the formulated problem. The proposed method was applied to an example of finding optimal thrust allocation of the deep-sea working vessel having 5 thrusters. The result showed that the method could be used to determine better strategy for thruster allocation of the vessel as compared to existing study.
Application of Q‐Learning in Routing of Software‐Defined Wireless Mesh Network

A wireless mesh network uses an ad‐hoc routing module for communication between nodes by referring to the addresses assigned to the nodes according to the rules kept in the routing table. If links fail, then the necessary network routing information must be propagated via the relevant remaining reachable nodes. The weaknesses of this conventional wireless mesh network are its difficulty in terms of management and configuration adjustments due to the complex structure of the network. To cope with such difficulty, we propose the use of a machine learning technique to implement dynamic routing to deal with failures in the wireless mesh network. The aim is to improve network routing via a reinforcement‐learning framework. Specifically, the Q‐learning algorithm has been applied. The investigation results are reported for network scenarios under conditions of link failures, and the algorithm's parameter sensitivity analysis is given. In addition, the proposed algorithm is compared with the Dijkstra algorithm with either no or immediate link cost updates. The resultant end‐to‐end route latency is reported from the simulated conditions as parameterized by the real per‐hop latency measurement from the actual outdoor testbed implementation. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Semiconductor-glass waveguide hybrid lasers with ultra-high spectral purity

In this thesis we describe investigations of a novel class of semiconductor-glass waveguide hybrid lasers. We show that such lasers provide an unprecedented spectral purity as well as tunability among all chip-based diode lasers. The concept of the investigated hybrid lasers is based on spectral control of light generated with a laser diode using highly frequency selective, tunable optical feedback provided by an integrated photonic circuit. In this work, we have employed InP laser diodes that generate light at around 1.5 μm wavelength, as an important as well as representative example. The integrated waveguide feedback circuits are based on microring resonators (MRRs). The waveguide platform selected for the feedback circuits utilizes Si3N4 as the waveguide core material and SiO2 as cladding material (TriPleXTM), because this provides exceptionally low propagation loss in combination with high index contrast, to enable large optical path lengths (for linewidth narrowing) and sophisticated circuit geometries in a compact, chip-sized format. The thesis is organized as follows: after presenting some theoretical background in Chapter 2, we present a first version of a hybrid laser that possesses reduced roundtrip losses as achieved with an improved optical coupling between the diode and silicon nitride waveguide mode fields. To explore the potential of using narrowband amplification, frequency and phase synchronization, such as for application in the emerging field of microwave photonics. In Chapter 4 we report the first injection locking experiments with such hybrid lasers; in Chapter 5 we report the first integration of a hybrid InP-Si3N4 laser; in Chapter 6 we present a theoretical analysis of such hybrid lasers that for the first time reveals index-induces spatial broadening effects with a spatially resolved modeling of the gain section. Finally, in Chapter 7 we describe how the expertise gained with modeling, laser-design and experimental investigation is used to realize a semiconductor-glass hybrid laser with a record-low Schawlow-Townes linewidth of 290 Hertz. In brief, this thesis describes a most powerful approach towards spectral control of diode lasers for unprecedented high spectral purity, and with large relevance for high-impact applications.
Revisiting Legacy Software System Modernization

Legacy software systems are those that significantly resist modification and evolution while still being valuable to its stakeholders to the extent that their failure has a detrimental impact on business. Despite several drawbacks of legacy software systems, they are still being extensively used in real life. Over the years, a plethora of methods and techniques has been proposed to facilitate legacy software system modernization. These methods and techniques are predominately focused on technical aspects and ignore business aspects of modernization. Furthermore, research indicates that legacy software modernization methods reported in academia are too abstract to adopt in industry and 97% of the academic approaches do not fit the industrial purposes. In this dissertation, we develop and validate a software modernization method that combines technical and business aspects of software modernization to SOA. Furthermore, this dissertation also identifies how legacy software systems and their modernization are perceived in industry. This research uses empirical methods to investigate why legacy systems are still prevalent in industry and what challenges practitioners face in software modernization. The research reported in this dissertation contributes to the scientific and industry community. To the scientific community, this research adds to the body of knowledge of software evolution by delivering a structured software modernization method. This research also provides an insight into how industry values their legacy systems and what challenges industry face while modernizing. These challenges can be viewed as future research direction for the scientific community. Finally, this research facilitates technology and knowledge transfer between academia and industry in legacy software system modernization domain.
The Structural and Optical Properties of Poly(Triarylamine) (PTAA) Thin Films Prepared at Different Spin Rate Using Spin Coating Method

Poly(triarylamine) is one of the well-known organic materials and has several advantaged such as stable in ambient and require low-temperature annealing steps. A series of PTAA thin films were deposited at 1000 rpm to 3000 rpm on a glass substrate by spin coating. The structural and optical properties of the organic p-type semiconductor Poly(triarylamine) at the different spin rate were investigated. All the thin films exhibit approximately over 90% transmittance and the estimated band gap in the range of 3.01‐3.14 eV. The increasing of the spin rate results in the decreasing of the thickness and this relation obeys the power law relation of the form h ∝ ω−3/2, while the root mean square (RMS) of the films became more uniform as the spin rate increased.
Implementation of 1D+4D‐Var assimilation of precipitation‐affected microwave radiances at ECMWF. I: 1D‐Var

This paper presents the operational implementation of a 1D+4D‐Var assimilation system of rain‐affected satellite observations at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. The first part describes the methodology and performance analysis of the 1D‐Var retrieval scheme in clouds and precipitation that uses Special Sensor Microwave/Imager microwave radiance observations for the estimation of total‐column water vapour. The second part shows the global and long‐term impact of these observations on both model 4D‐Var analyses and medium‐range forecasts.
AUV Planning, An application for AUV mission planning

Ve´ıculos aut´onomos submarinos (Autonomous underwater vehicles - AUV), s˜ao ve´ıculos controlados por com-putador que operam de forma aut´onoma em ambientes submarinos. A inacessibilidade que resulta de operar a grandes profundidades complica o planeamento e controlo devido `a diﬁculdade em monitorizar os ve´ıculos em ambientes subaqu´aticos. Neste artigo ´e apresentada uma aplicac¸˜ao 3D que simula a execuc¸˜ao de miss˜oes por AUVs em ambientes subaqu´aticos, permitindo tanto o planeamento como a visualizac¸˜ao de miss˜oes. A possibilidade de ter uma referˆencia visual dos AUV’s enquanto desempenham as suas tarefas pode assim ajudar a evitar problemas e a diminuir o risco de fracasso das miss˜oes. Abstract Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are computer-controlled vehicles that operate autonomously in underwater environments. The inaccessibility that results of operating at such depths further complicates the mission planning and control because of the difﬁculty to observe end monitor the vehicles in underwater environments. This paper presents a 3D application that simulates mission execution by AUVs in underwater environments, allowing both the planning and visualization of missions. This possibility of having a visual reference of the AUV while these are performing their tasks may help avoid problems and diminish the risk of mission failure.
Syn‐ to post‐rift alluvial basin fill: Seismic stratigraphic analysis of Permian‐Triassic deposition in the Horda Platform, Norway

The Permian‐Triassic alluvial rift succession in the Horda Platform area is analysed to construct a refined depositional model. The study demonstrates how subsurface continental rift successions may be stratigraphically subdivided and correlated by integrating seismic and well‐log data in concert with conceptual models. Regional unconformities mark the top and base of the Permian‐Triassic succession, which is sub‐divided into six seismic stratigraphic sequences, delineated by erosional‐ and non‐depositional surfaces. The definition of seismic stratigraphic sequences is based on seismic facies trends and Gamma Ray log signatures. Time‐thickness maps combined with geometries in cross‐section display the depocentre development. During the Permian‐Triassic, the Horda Platform experienced faulting, shaping the Caledonian pre‐rift landscape into a series of N–S trending half‐graben basins, contemporaneous to a gradual climate change from arid in the Permian to humid in the latest Triassic. The basin underwent three phases of rifting during the Late Permian‐Middle Triassic: (1) disconnected heterogeneous depocentres with strain concentrated in the west; (2) depocentres expanded northward; and (3) mature half graben development with widely distributed strain. Vertical lithological changes in mudstone/sandstone dominance reflect varying rates of accommodation and sediment supply (A/S). Systematic A/S variation reflects strong climatic fluctuations, which controlled facies patterns during both tectonic quiescence in the Middle‐Late Triassic, and during syn‐rift sedimentation. The Permian‐Triassic tectono‐sedimentary development in the Horda Platform area provides valuable lessons on the influence of faulting on depocentre development, how the interplay between tectonic and climatic forcing is expressed in subsurface continental deposits, and aid the characterisation of reservoirs.