Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on Drug-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia: Orofacial Musculature Involvement and Patient’s Awareness

Aim and Objective: Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that requires long-term treatment. Long-term antipsychotic treatment is often associated with the emergence of tardive dyskinesia (TD), the severity of which is measured by Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). This study examined the relationship among TD, orofacial musculature activity, and patient’s awareness of Abnormal Involuntary Movement (AIM). The knowledge would help dentists to deliver oral care for schizophrenics with TD. Materials and Methods: We identified 317 patients from a standard, data sharing initiative, of whom 38.3% exhibited AIM score of 2 to 15. The patient demographics, drug history, details of AIMS were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using SPSS with P ≤ 0.05 as significance. Results: The mean of only orofacial features (n = 56) was 3.43 ± 2.68. Muscles of facial expression was involved in nine (7.9% of all TD), lip/perioral area in 27 (23.68%), jaw in 52 (45.61%), and tongue in 77 (67.54%). The patient’s perception of AIM precipitated stress when involving jaw, tongue, limbs, and trunk was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). The multiple regression model statistically significantly predicted TD for factors considered. Conclusion: Around 1% of global population is being diagnosed with schizophrenia, carry an inherent risk of developing TD. They might have orodental care requirements, including prosthodontic and restorative services. Primary physicians and dentists need to be aware of TD and its mechanism for appropriate patient management.
Long noncoding RNA RUSC1-AS-N promotes cell proliferation and metastasis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human breast cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among females worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to serve significant roles in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. In the present study, the novel lncRNA RUSC1-AS-N was demonstrated to promote cell viability and metastasis. A total of 100 patients with breast cancer were recruited for this study and it was revealed that RUSC1-AS-N was upregulated in tumor tissues compared with in adjacent non-cancerous counterparts. In addition, using several breast cancer cell lines, it was demonstrated that the mRNA levels of RUSC1-AS-N were highest in the notably metastatic cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. Knockdown of RUSC1-AS-N in breast cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation in the colony formation and cell proliferation assays. Furthermore, depletion of RUSC1-AS-N suppressed cell metastasis, as revealed by wound-healing and western blot assays. In addition, the protein levels of Wnt1 and β-catenin were significantly decreased when RUSC1-AS-N was knocked down. However, Wnt signaling pathway activator Wnt agonist 1 reversed the effects of RUSC1-AS-N knockdown on cell proliferation and metastasis. The present study demonstrated that lncRNA RUSC1-AS-N promoted cell viability and metastasis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human breast cancer, which may indicate novel targets for the treatment of breast cancer in clinic.
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Assessment in Patients with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring

Background Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been found to have good correlation with intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements. Here, we aim to determine if the correlation between ONSD and ICP persists throughout the acute phase of neurologic injury through the evaluation of patients with ICP monitoring. We also aim to determine if the ONSD assessments at different depths (3, 6, or 9 mm) and a ratio of the ONSD and eyeball transverse diameter (ETD) are better correlated with ICP than the well-studied ONSD assessment at 3 mm beyond the globe. Methods This retrospective study included 68 patients more than 18 years of age with ICP monitors with both traumatic and spontaneous intracranial injuries. Head computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed by a radiology resident for assessment of the ETD and ONSD at depths of 3, 6 and 9 mm beyond the globe, and the readings were confirmed by a neuroradiologist. The mean ICP recordings two hours before and after a CT scan were used for assessing the correlation. Results We found that ONSD expansions during the acute phase of neurologic injury were seen even without ICP elevations. This lack of correlation persisted even when different depths of the ONSD assessment or ONSD/ETD ratios were studied. Conclusion This study suggests that ONSD assessment throughout the acute phase may not be a reliable method to monitor ICP. ONSD expansion can persist even after ICP control, and this may be the reason for ONSD expansions seen in our study even with normal ICPs. Further larger size studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Effects of menstrual blood-derived stem cells on endometrial injury repair

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) on endometrial injury repair. MenSCs were isolated from human menstrual blood and were cultured in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis of cells in the third generation demonstrated that MenSCs exhibited higher expression levels of cluster of differentiation (CD)90 and lower expression levels of CD146, which suggested that the MenSCs were cultured successfully. A mechanical damage model of unilateral (right) endometrium was established in BALB/c nude mice, which were divided into four groups, Normal, negative control (NC), Model and MenSC. MenSCs transfected with adenovirus-enhanced green fluorescent protein were transplanted into the right uterine cavity of mice in the MenSC and NC groups. The protein expression levels of keratin, vimentin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the average endometrial thickness were measured by immunohistochemistry; the average optical density of vimentin, VEGF and keratin in the MenSC-treated group was significantly higher compared with the untreated Model group. Fertility tests were performed to determine the pregnancy rate of each group; following endometrial damage in BALB/c nude mice, endometrial thickness was decreased in the Model group, whereas model mice treated with MenSC exhibited increased endometrial thickness and increased the pregnancy rates. Therefore, MenSCs may promote the repair of endometrial lesions in mice by promoting the expression of vimentin, VEGF and keratin.
Expression of C1q in the serum of patients with non-severe aplastic anemia, and its association with disease severity

A type of aplastic anemia (AA), non-severe aplastic anemia (NSAA) is defined as AA that does not meet the diagnostic criteria of severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Complement component 1q (C1q) has an important role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases; however, the role of C1q in the immune pathogenesis of NSAA is not clear. The current study aimed to determine whether C1q has an important role in the pathogenesis of NSAA. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used to compare the protein expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with NSAA and healthy volunteers. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed to determine the biological functions involved in NSAA. The differential expression of C1q was marked compared with other proteins. Subsequently, the concentration of C1q in serum samples was determined using ELISA and the correlation of C1q levels and NSAA severity was evaluated. The serum concentrations of C1q were significantly lower in untreated patients with newly diagnosed NSAA compared with NSAA cases in remission and normal controls. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in C1q concentration between newly diagnosed patients with NSAA and patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia or immune thrombocytopenia. The serum concentration of C1q in newly diagnosed NSAA was significantly lower in patients with SAA (P<0.0001); whereas, there was no significant difference between the patients with SAA, patients with NSAA remission and normal controls (P>0.05). Additionally, the serum C1q concentration was significantly correlated with granulocyte counts, the level of hemoglobin, platelet counts, reticulocyte percentage and remission in patients with NSAA. The serum C1q concentration was also positively correlated with the myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cell ratio, and negatively correlated with the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio. These findings suggested that C1q may be a reliable serological marker for monitoring and evaluating disease severity in patients with NSAA. C1q may have an important role in the immune pathogenesis of NSAA.
Low Infection Rate After Transrectal Implantation of Gold Anchor ™ Fiducial Markers in Prostate Cancer Patients After Non-broad-spectrum Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Background In 621 consecutive prostate cancer patients, the frequency of urinary tract infections (UTI) and marker loss was evaluated. They prophylactically received a single dose of non-broad-spectrum antibiotics and transrectal implantation of three thin needle fiducial markers, Gold Anchor ™ (GA). Methods The occurrence of UTIs, sepsis, hospitalization due to infection, and marker loss after implantation was assessed from the medical records containing notes from physicians and nurses from the day of implantation to the end of 29 fractions. Results UTIs occurred in two (0.3%) of the 621 patients. Neither sepsis nor hospitalization was noted. Loss/drop-out of three markers was noted among 1,863 markers implanted. Conclusion The use of thin needles for the implantation of fiducials appears to reduce the rate of infection despite the use of a single dose of non-broad-spectrum antibiotics as prophylaxis. The marker construct appears to provide stability in the tissues.
Recognition of Emotions Using Multichannel EEG Data and DBN-GC-Based Ensemble Deep Learning Framework

Fusing multichannel neurophysiological signals to recognize human emotion states becomes increasingly attractive. The conventional methods ignore the complementarity between time domain characteristics, frequency domain characteristics, and time-frequency characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and cannot fully capture the correlation information between different channels. In this paper, an integrated deep learning framework based on improved deep belief networks with glia chains (DBN-GCs) is proposed. In the framework, the member DBN-GCs are employed for extracting intermediate representations of EEG raw features from multiple domains separately, as well as mining interchannel correlation information by glia chains. Then, the higher level features describing time domain characteristics, frequency domain characteristics, and time-frequency characteristics are fused by a discriminative restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) to implement emotion recognition task. Experiments conducted on the DEAP benchmarking dataset achieve averaged accuracy of 75.92% and 76.83% for arousal and valence states classification, respectively. The results show that the proposed framework outperforms most of the above deep classifiers. Thus, potential of the proposed framework is demonstrated.
Effects of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Oxidative Stress in Selected Structures of the Central Nervous System

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a 28-day exposure to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field of 10 kV/m on the oxidative stress in selected rat central nervous system (CNS) structures. Material and Methods Twenty male Wistar rats served as experimental subjects. Ten rats were exposed to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz, intensity of 10 kV/m, and magnetic induction of 4.3 pT for 22 hours a day. The control group of ten rats was subject to sham exposure. Homogenates of the frontal cortex, hippocampus, brainstem, hypothalamus, striatum, and cerebellum were evaluated for selected parameters of oxidative stress. Results Following the four-week exposure to a low-frequency electromagnetic field, the mean malondialdehyde levels and total oxidant status of CNS structures did not differ significantly between the experimental and control groups. However, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in brain structure homogenates were decreased except for frontal cortex catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hippocampal glutathione reductase. The low-frequency electromagnetic field had no effect on the nonenzymatic antioxidant system of the examined brain structures except for the frontal cortex. Conclusion The four-week exposure of male rats to a low-frequency electromagnetic field did not affect oxidative stress in the investigated brain structures.
Rapid Determination of Sotolon in Fortified Wines Using a Miniaturized Liquid-Liquid Extraction Followed by LC-MS/MS Analysis

Sotolon (4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one) is a powerful odorant usually pointed out as being responsible not only for the characteristic curry notes of the finest fortified wines but also for the off-flavour notes in prematurely oxidized white wines. Most methods reported in literature for quantifying sotolon in wines are quite laborious and use large volumes of organic solvents. Thus, in the present study, the development of a simple, fast, and environment-friendly method for the quantification of sotolon in fortified wine is herein presented. The proposed method uses a single-step liquid-liquid extraction followed by RP-LC-MS/MS and was optimized using a full factorial design. The method showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9999), intra- and interday precision lower than 10% RSD, recovery of about 95%, and high sensitivity (LOQ of 0.04 μg/L). The method was applied to analyse 44 fortified wines from different styles (from dry to sweet wines) and ages (3–115 years old), and it was found that it covers the concentration range usually found for this compound in this kind of alcoholic beverages, which was found to be within 6.3–810 μg/L. Thus, it can be concluded that this method can be used as an accurate tool for the rapid analysis of sotolon, since the early stages of its formation up to long ageing periods.
Automated Detection and Segmentation of Nonmass-Enhancing Breast Tumors with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Nonmass-enhancing (NME) lesions constitute a diagnostic challenge in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) of the breast. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems provide physicians with advanced tools for analysis, assessment, and evaluation that have a significant impact on the diagnostic performance. Here, we propose a new approach to address the challenge of NME lesion detection and segmentation, taking advantage of independent component analysis (ICA) to extract data-driven dynamic lesion characterizations. A set of independent sources was obtained from the DCE-MRI dataset of breast cancer patients, and the dynamic behavior of the different tissues was described by multiple dynamic curves, together with a set of eigenimages describing the scores for each voxel. A new test image is projected onto the independent source space using the unmixing matrix, and each voxel is classified by a support vector machine (SVM) that has already been trained with manually delineated data. A solution to the high false-positive rate problem is proposed by controlling the SVM hyperplane location, outperforming previously published approaches.
miRNA Expression and Interaction with Genes Involved in Susceptibility to Pristane-Induced Arthritis

Pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in mice is an experimental model that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disease that affects joints and is characterized by synovial inflammation and articular cartilage and bone destruction. AIRmax and AIRmin mouse lines differ in their susceptibility to PIA, and linkage analysis in this model mapped arthritis severity QTLs in chromosomes 5 and 8. miRNAs are a class of small RNA molecules that have been extensively studied in the development of arthritis. We analyzed miRNA and gene expression profiles in peritoneal cells of AIRmax and AIRmin lines, in order to evaluate the genetic architecture in this model. Susceptible AIRmax mice showed higher gene (2025 vs 1043) and miRNA (240 vs 59) modulation than resistant AIRmin mice at the onset of disease symptoms. miR-132-3p/212-3p, miR-106-5p, miR-27b-3p, and miR-25-3p were among the miRNAs with the highest expression in susceptible animals, showing a negative correlation with the expression of predicted target genes (Il10, Cd69, and Sp1r1). Our study showed that global gene and miRNA expression profiles in peritoneal cells of susceptible AIRmax and resistant AIRmin lines during pristane-induced arthritis are distinct, evidencing interesting targets for further validation.
The ‘low-volume acetabulum’: dysplasia in disguise

ABSTRACT Although there are well described radiological criteria for diagnosing DDH, our experience has highlighted that a new sub-category of hips exists in which the classic radiographic characteristics for DDH may be normal but the coverage of the femoral head is compromised. The purpose of this study was to validate a simple radiographic measurement method for calculating the depth of the acetabulum in order to detect individuals with ‘low-volume’ acetabuli and under-covered femoral heads. We identified 24 patients who were suspected of having low-volume acetabuli and compared their radiographs with those of 150 patients with non-dysplastic hips. The radiographic indices measured included the lateral center-edge (CE) angle, the anterior CE angle, the femoral neck-shaft angle, the extrusion index, integrity of the Shenton’s line, the crossover sign, and ischial spine sign. We have developed a novel, but a simple method, named the ‘coverage index’ (CI) to identify the presence of a low-volume acetabulum on plain radiographs. Comparisons were made between the low-volume hips and the non-dysplastic hips. The radiographic parameters indicative of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) were within normal limits in all patients with low-volume acetabuli and therefore these hips could not be classified as ‘dysplastic’ based on the traditional radiological parameters. There was no difference between the mean radius of the femoral head in two groups. The mean CI was significantly greater in the non-dysplastic group compared with the low-volume acetabula cohort (1.62 ± 0.117 in non-dysplastic group versus 1.07 ± 0.11 in low-volume hips) (P = 0.0001). Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of a hip abnormality in which the femoral head coverage is deficient, yet all the conventional parameters for measuring coverage, including the center edge angle, are within normal limits. We have introduced a simple radiographic measurement method that may help surgeons identify these patients using the anteroposterior radiographs of the hip.
The Effects of Maternal Mirroring on the Development of Infant Social Expressiveness: The Case of Infant Cleft Lip

Parent-infant social interactions start early in development, with infants showing active communicative expressions by just two months. A key question is how this social capacity develops. Maternal mirroring of infant expressions is considered an important, intuitive, parenting response, but evidence is sparse in the first two months concerning the conditions under which mirroring occurs and its developmental sequelae, including in clinical samples where the infant's social expressiveness may be affected. We investigated these questions by comparing the development of mother-infant interactions between a sample where the infant had cleft lip and a normal, unaffected, comparison sample. We videotaped dyads in their homes five times from one to ten weeks and used a microanalytic coding scheme for maternal and infant behaviours, including infant social expressions, and maternal mirroring and marking responses. We also recorded maternal gaze to the infant, using eye-tracking glasses. Although infants with cleft lip did show communicative behaviours, the rate of their development was slower than in comparison infants. This group difference was mediated by a lower rate of mirroring of infant expressions by mothers of infants with cleft lip; this effect was, in turn, partly accounted for by reduced gaze to the infant's mouth, although the clarity of infant social expressions (indexed by cleft severity) and maternal self-blame regarding the cleft were also influential. Results indicate the robustness of parent-infant interactions but also their sensitivity to specific variations in interactants' appearance and behaviour. Parental mirroring appears critical in infant social development, likely supported by the mirror neuron system and underlying clinical and, possibly, cultural differences in infant behaviour. These findings suggest new avenues for clinical intervention.
On the chordae structure and dynamic behaviour of the mitral valve

Abstract We develop a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model of the mitral valve (MV) that uses an anatomically and physiologically realistic description of the MV leaflets and chordae tendineae. Three different chordae models—complex, ‘pseudo-fibre’ and simplified chordae—are compared to determine how different chordae representations affect the dynamics of the MV. The leaflets and chordae are modelled as fibre-reinforced hyperelastic materials, and FSI is modelled using an immersed boundary–finite element method. The MV model is first verified under static boundary conditions against the commercial finite element software ABAQUS and then used to simulate MV dynamics under physiological pressure conditions. Interesting flow patterns and vortex formulation are observed in all three cases. To quantify the highly complex system behaviour resulting from FSI, an energy budget analysis of the coupled MV FSI model is performed. Results show that the complex and pseudo-fibre chordae models yield good valve closure during systole but that the simplified chordae model leads to poorer leaflet coaptation and an unrealistic bulge in the anterior leaflet belly. An energy budget analysis shows that the MV models with complex and pseudo-fibre chordae have similar energy distribution patterns but the MV model with the simplified chordae consumes more energy, especially during valve closing and opening. We find that the complex chordae and pseudo-fibre chordae have similar impact on the overall MV function but that the simplified chordae representation is less accurate. Because a pseudo-fibre chordal structure is easier to construct and less computationally intensive, it may be a good candidate for modelling MV dynamics or interaction between the MV and heart in patient-specific applications.