Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation into Reynolds number effects on a biomimetic flapping wing

This research investigated the behavior of a Manduca sexta inspired biomimetic wing as a function of Reynolds number by measuring the aerodynamic forces produced by varying the characteristic wing length and testing at air densities from atmospheric to near vacuum. A six degree of freedom balance was used to measure forces and moments, while high speed cameras were used to measure wing stroke angle. An in-house created graphical user interface was used to vary the voltage of the drive signal sent to the piezoelectric actuator which determined the wing stroke angle. The Air Force Institute of Technology baseline 50 mm wing was compared to wings manufactured with 55, 60, 65, and 70 mm spans, while maintaining a constant aspect ratio. Tests were conducted in a vacuum chamber at air densities between 0.5% and 100% of atmospheric pressure. Increasing the wingspan increased the wing’s weight, which reduced the first natural frequency; and did not result in an increase in vertical force over the baseline 50 mm wing. However, if the decrease in natural frequency corresponding to the increased wing span was counteracted by increasing the thickness of the joint material in the linkage mechanism, vertical force production increased over the baseline wing planform. Of the wings built with the more robust flapping mechanism, the 55 mm wing span produced 95% more vertical force at a 26% higher flapping frequency, while the 70 mm wing span produced 165% more vertical force at a 10% lower frequency than the Air Force Institute of Technology baseline wing. Negligible forces and moments were measured at vacuum, where the wing exhibited predominantly inertial motion, revealing flight forces measured in atmosphere are almost wholly limited to interaction with the surrounding air. Lastly, there was a rough correlation between Reynolds number and vertical force, indicating Reynolds number is a useful modelling parameter to predict lift and corresponding aerodynamic coefficients for a specific wing design.
Contribution of Public Libraries to Economic Development: Panel Data Analysis for TR2 and TRC Regions in Turkey

When considered as a form of power from the past to the present, it is seen that the phenomena of land and capital, respectively, have affected the decision-making mechanism in the world. It can be stated that this evolution of management has continued with knowledge. Today, knowledge is power, and this power rules the economic structure of the world. Management is not a phenomenon that can be considered outside of economic relations. In this case, knowledge and economic development actually move together at much higher rates than anticipated. Today, although these two phenomena are observed on very advanced technological wars, the basis of the issue is based on the most local information centers – public libraries. Studies on public libraries have focused on librarianship as a field article. In order to add a more macro character to the field, the relationship between public libraries and economic growth, which is a macroeconomic variable, was analyzed in this study. The relationship between knowledge and economic growth and development was investigated in this study. While examining this relationship, selected level regional groups in Turkey were used. Two different polar regions of Turkey, which are geographically and culturally different, were selected, and public libraries were discussed at the point of representing knowledge. In this case, the role of public libraries on economic development was explained. The annual data for the period between [2015-2020] were used in the study. The data on the number of users, registered members, loan materials, library numbers, and book numbers related to public libraries were used to represent the independent variable of the study. The data covered all provinces included in the TR2 (Çanakkale, Balıkesir, Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli) and TRC (Gaziantep, Kilis, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Mardin, Batman, Şırnak, Siirt) level regions. Per capita income, export figures, and the number of illiterate and unemployed people belonging to the provinces included in the TR2 and TRC regions were used to represent the dependent variable of the study. In the study, three different models were established using the Panel Data Analysis method. Two of these established models were established for the TR2 region and one for the TRC region. As a result of these established models for TR2, it was seen that the Registered Member and User Number variables in the TR2 Level Region had a positive effect on economic development. In the model established for the TRC region, it was observed that the Registered Member and Book Number variables had a positive effect on economic development. In the light of the findings obtained from the study, it is necessary to include more supportive local policies that will increase the direct and indirect effects of public libraries on individuals and the economy.
Novel Utilization of Therapeutic Coatings Based on Infiltrated Encapsulated Rose Bengal Microspheres in Porous Titanium for Implant Applications

Despite the increasing progress achieved in the last 20 years in both the fabrication of porous dental implants and the development of new biopolymers for targeting drug therapy, there are important issues such as bone resorption, poor osseointegration, and bacterial infections that remain as critical challenges to avoid clinical failure problems. In this work, we present a novel microtechnology based on polycaprolactone microspheres that can adhere to porous titanium implant models obtained by the spacer holder technique to allow a custom biomechanical and biofunctional balance. For this purpose, a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique was successfully employed for the fabrication of the microparticles properly loaded with the antibacterial therapeutic agent, rose bengal. The resulting microspheres were infiltrated into porous titanium substrate and sintered at 60 °C for 1 h, obtaining a convenient prophylactic network. In fact, the sintered polymeric microparticles were demonstrated to be key to controlling the drug dissolution rate and favoring the early healing process as consequence of a better wettability of the porous titanium substrate to promote calcium phosphate nucleation. Thus, this joint technology proposes a suitable prophylactic tool to prevent both early-stage infection and late-stage osseointegration problems.
A novel triple‐band bandpass filter based on equilateral triangle substrate integrated waveguide

A novel compact triple‐mode triple‐band bandpass filter (TB‐BPF) based on equilateral triangle substrate integrated waveguide is first proposed. The first passband response is achieved by the fundamental modes of the first and third cavities. To obtain the second and third passbands, a new postperturbation method is proposed. And based on it, the perturbed TM101 and TM201 modes of the second cavity can couple with TM102 modes of first and third cavities via inductive window, respectively. By adjusting the width of the inductive window, the second and third passbands can be achieved. Source‐load coupling and complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRRs) are introduced to produce transmission zeros (TZs). Total eight TZs are obtained, which highly improve the performance of the out‐of‐band. Finally, a TB‐BPF is designed, fabricated, and measured. The simulated and measured results show good agreement.
CPW-FED Dual Band Notched Fractal Patch Antenna For UWB Applications

Modern communication systems put demands on antennas which operate over multiple range of frequencies, with in shrunken size, less weight and high gain. For wireless applications like wireless home networking, wireless USB, Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna plays an important role. For achieving UWB performance, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed fractal tree patch antenna is proposed. As UWB operates under a wide range of frequency band, for achieving band rejection function, a Folded T-Shaped Element (FTSE) is embedded in the radiating patch. The notch band is 3.3-4.2GHz. The simulated results showed that the antenna exhibits preferred VSWR levels in the entire impedance bandwidth. Pair of rectangular notches are included in the ground plane for extending the antenna’s impedance bandwidth. The results show that the antenna covers the frequency range from 3.1-11.1 GHz with VSWR ≤ 2. Dimensions of antenna are 14 × 18 × 1. Key Terms: Band-stop, Co Planar Waveguide (CPW), Ultra Wide Band (UWB), fractal patch, Folded TShaped Element (FTSE).
Association of Dietary Inflammatory Potential with Blood Inflammation: The Prospective Markers on Mild Cognitive Impairment

Inflammation is known as an important mechanism of cognitive dysfunction. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and system inflammation response index (SIRI) are two blood inflammatory markers, which are related to many chronic diseases including cognitive impairment. It is recognized that dietary inflammatory index (DII), which is used to estimate the overall inflammatory potential of diet, may be related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well. This study aimed to explore the relationship between SII, SIRI and DII, as well as the role of these inflammatory indexes on MCI in elderly people. A total of 1050 participants from Beijing were included. Neuropsychological tests were used for cognitive evaluation. Energy-adjusted DII scores were calculated based on semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were tested for calculating SII and SIRI. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the correlation of indexes. After adjusting demographic characteristics, SII and SIRI in MCI individuals were higher than controls (p ≤ 0.001). DII, SII and SIRI had positive relationship with MoCA scores (p < 0.005). DII also correlated with SIRI in MCI (β = 0.11, p = 0.031). Higher DII and SIRI could definitely increase the risk of MCI, as well as DII and SII (p < 0.005). In conclusion, DII was positively correlated with blood inflammation. The elderly with higher level of DII and SIRI, or DII and SII could be considered as people with higher risk of developing MCI.
Mental Toughness Development via Military-Style Training in the NCAA: A Three-Phase, Mixed-Method Study of the Perspectives of Strength and Conditioning Coaches

Sport cultures transmit values for anticipated conduct. Recent events have resulted in injuries/deaths of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes, usually during off-season football training. Through media reports, strength and conditioning coaches (SCC) have been allegedly involved by incorporating military-style training (MST). Mental toughness (MT) has been associated with hypermasculine subcultures in sports. For the first time, perceptions of collegiate SCCs were chosen to contribute to the development of cultural best practices in sports, via a multiphase mixed-method design (Phase 1, n = 465; Phase 2, n = 72; Phase 3, n = 99). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected aiming to confirm and explore the use of MST in the NCAA, its connection to SCCs, its association with MT development, and the role of the media. MST is uncommon in the NCAA. MST takes place mostly during the off-season in the form of physical, in-scope protocols while football is the most common sport. MST promotes MT. The recent media backlash is considered unfounded. Cultures promoted by SCCs do not indicate conformity of student-athletes to unethical/unhealthy expectations. Future sport psychology research and practice should continue to prioritize culture, cultural identities, and physical and mental well-being.
Differential survival and dispersal of avian feather mites with contrasting host specificities

Host specificity is a fundamental life history trait of symbionts and exists on a broad continuum from symbionts that are specific to one or a few hosts (host specialists), to those associated with multiple different host species (host generalists). However, the biological mechanisms underlying the complexity and wide variation in symbiont host specificity are poorly understood from both the symbiont and host perspectives across many symbiotic systems. Feather mites are common avian symbionts that vary in their host specificity from extreme host generalists to host specialists, even among species within the same genus. Here, we measured and compared survival probability and rate of dispersal to determine how these traits differ between two species of feather mites in the same genus: one host generalist associated with 17 host species (Amerodectes ischyros) and one host specialist with only one known host (A. protonotaria). We initially predicted that the host generalist would live longer and disperse more rapidly but discovered that while the host generalist mite survived longer, the host specialist mite dispersed more quickly. The differing environmental and ecological conditions in which the hosts of these mites are associated may explain the survival and dispersal patterns we uncovered, as differential microclimates may have led to different selective pressures on each species of mite. We also noted mite behavioural observations and suggest experiments to extend our understanding of feather mite ecology and evolution.
Corticosterone Alters Body Weight, but Not Metabolites, during Chronic Stress

The stress response is partially mediated by increased levels of circulating glucocorticoids. While the stress response may be adaptive in the short term, chronically elevated levels of glucocorticoids can be pathological. We aimed to verify that chronic stress causes metabolic dysregulation via increased corticosterone (Cort) exposure by monitoring free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations (evidence of fat breakdown), uric acid concentrations (evidence of protein breakdown), and organ weights (furcular fat, abdominal fat, liver, and pectoralis muscle) in chronically stressed juvenile house sparrows (Passer domesticus). The sparrows were chronically stressed for 3 wk by applying a series of rotating mild psychological stressors. One group of birds received injections of a glucocorticoid steroidogenesis inhibitor (mitotane) and a second group received injections of a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (RU486) halfway through the chronic stress period to test whether glucocorticoids are responsible for protein and fat catabolism during chronic stress. Toward the end of the chronic stress period, mitotane birds increased weight compared to control and RU486 birds. Contrary to expectations, we saw no differences in FFA or uric acid levels between control and mitotane birds, but RU486 temporarily decreased stress-induced uric acid levels. Neither mitotane nor RU486 significantly altered organ weights at the end of the 3 wk. In conclusion, Cort does appear to negatively affect body weight, but the mechanism does not appear to involve increased protein or lipid metabolism.
An Optimization Study of Provincial Carbon Emission Allowance Allocation in China Based on an Improved Dynamic Zero-Sum-Gains Slacks-Based-Measure Model

In order to achieve its 2030 carbon emission peak target, China needs to adjust and allocate energy consumption and initial carbon emission allowances for each province in a phased and planned manner. Thus, this study applied an improved dynamic undesirable zero-sum-gains slacks-based-measure (ZSG-SBM) model to evaluate provincial CO2 emission reduction scenarios and energy allocation for 2015–2019 and calculate the optimal allocation values of carbon emission allowances for each province in 2030. The results showed that China’s allocation efficiency values for total energy exhibited rising and then declining trends during 2015–2019 and that most input–output term efficiency values had room for improvement. Furthermore, after four adjustment iterations of the improved dynamic undesirable ZSG-SBM model, the modeled China achieved optimal carbon emission efficiency for the whole country. In the final model, 19 provinces were allowed to increase their carbon emissions in 2030, while the remaining 11 provinces needed to reduce their emissions. The findings of this paper can help regulators to establish fairer and more effective policy solutions to promote regional synergistic emission reduction, achieve the national goal of peak total carbon emissions, and promote the green, coordinated, and sustainable development of China’s economy.
Power Flow in Bipolar DC Distribution Networks Considering Current Limits

Power electronics converters are equipped with current controls that protect the converter from over-currents. This protection introduces non-differentiable equations into the power flow problem. The conventional Newton's method is not suitable in that conditions. This letter proposes a fixed-point iteration to overcome this difficulty. The technique is derivative-free, and hence, it can naturally include the saturation given by the converters’ current protection. Exact conditions for convergence and uniqueness of the solution are demonstrated using Banach's fixed point theorem. Numerical experiments in Matlab complement the analysis.
Lumped Parameter Thermal Model for Axial Flux Switched Reluctance Motors

Abstract The accurate prediction of temperature rise in various parts of a machine plays a significant role in ensuring that the machine delivers the required performance avoiding failures that arise due to high temperatures. In this paper, a lumped parameter thermal model is presented for exterior-rotor axial flux switched reluctance motors. Depending on its geometry, each part of the motor is modeled as a thermal equivalent circuit based on general cylindrical or cuboidal components. A total thermal network is obtained by proper connection of these sub-circuits. The model was calibrated by a stationary test; then, running conditions were applied to the model. The sensitivity of the model to the heat transfer coefficients was investigated by considering the effect of the coefficient variation on the estimated steady-state temperatures. Results show that the winding temperature, as the hottest part of the motor, is the most sensitive to the frame-to-ambient heat transfer coefficients.
Screw Analysis, Modeling and Experiment on the Mechanics of Tibia Orthopedic with the Ilizarov External Fixator

The Ilizarov external fixator plays an important role in the correction of complex malformed limbs. Our purpose in this work was to reveal the transmission of adjustable forces between the external fixator and the broken bone, and express the stress distribution at the end of the broken bone during the orthopedic treatment. Firstly, the screw model of the fixator was established and the theoretical relationship between the adjustable force and the stress was obtained. A sheep tibia was taken as a representative research object and its ediTable 3D entity was obtained by CT scanning. Then the mechanical model of the fixator and tibia was built using the ABAQUS software. Correction experiments were performed on the sheep tibia to measure the adjustable/support forces and tensions of the tibia. The measured results were imported to the screw and mechanical model, and the theoretical and simulation values were calculated. The theoretical tensions calculated by the screw model had a similar shape and doubled the value compared with that of the measured results. The transfer efficiency between the two results was improved and kept at about 50% after the initial 2~3 periods. The maximum stress occurring at the surface of the broken bone end was near the Kirschner wire pinhole. The simulation results for the tensions from the mechanical model showed a similar change trend, and the value was slightly higher. A biomechanical model of the Ilizarov external fixator was derived and verified through calculations, simulations and experiments. The change law of the adjustable forces and the tensions existing in the broken sheep tibias is presented herein, and offers a helpful contribution to orthopedic treatment.
Effect of Steel Framing for Securing Drywall Panels on Thermal and Humidity Parameters of the Outer Walls

Abstract The paper analyses the effect of steel framing used to secure drywall panels on thermal and humidity properties of outer walls. In the practice of building a light structure, the most popular components are steel and wood studs. They are used to obtain framing for building a wall (an outer wall in this study). Analysis presented in this study concerned the corner of the outer wall build using the technology of light steel framing. Computer simulation was used to perform thermal and humidity analysis for the joint of the outer wall.
Highly stretchable strain sensor based on polyurethane substrate using hydrogen bond-assisted laminated structure for monitoring of tiny human motions

Strain sensors used as flexible and wearable electronic devices have improved prospects in the fields of artificial skin, robotics, human–machine interfaces, and healthcare. This work introduces a highly stretchable fiber-based strain sensor with a laminated structure made up of a graphene nanoplatelet layer and a carbon black/single-walled carbon nanotube synergetic conductive network layer. An ultrathin, flexible, and elastic two-layer polyurethane (PU) yarn substrate was successively deposited by a novel chemical bonding-based layered dip-coating process. These strain sensors demonstrated high stretchability (∼350%), little hysteresis, and long-term durability (over 2400 cycles) due to the favorable tensile properties of the PU substrate. The linearity of the strain sensor could reach an adjusted R-squared of 0.990 at 100% strain, which is better than most of the recently reported strain sensors. Meanwhile, the strain sensor exhibited good sensibility, rapid response, and a lower detection limit. The lower detection limit benefited from the hydrogen bond-assisted laminated structure and continuous conductive path. Finally, a series of experiments were carried out based on the special features of the PU strain sensor to show its capacity of detecting and monitoring tiny human motions.
Do board secretaries with financial expertise reduce regulatory inquiries? Empirical evidence based on the China stock exchange’s annual report comment letter

ABSTRACT The number of annual report comment letters (ARCLs) has been increasing over the years with the stock exchanges continuously strengthening ex-post supervision. Focusing on the financial expertise of board secretaries, who are directly responsible for disclosure, we thoroughly explore whether such expertise can impact regulatory inquiries. We document that financial expert board secretaries significantly reduces the likelihood, frequency, and characters of firms’ receipt of ARCLs and the likelihood of firms’ delay of responses to ARCLs. Further, we find that the influence of financial expert board secretaries on ARCLs mainly exists in the non-state-owned enterprises, enterprises with a poor governance environment, and enterprises in which board secretaries enjoy a higher organizational status. The mechanism test results show that financial expert board secretaries can reduce the accrual-based earnings management. Overall, this research reveals board secretaries’ disciplinary effects on regulatory inquiries and provides detailed analysis helping understand board secretaries’ role in disclosure.