Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lessons of Participatory Communication in Writings of Mahatma Gandhi

India in its 72nd year of independence has achieved many milestones in fields of science and technology, defence, economic progress, etc. But if there is one issue that downgrades the nation’s image as a growing power, it is the sad state of human development of Indians living in villages. Clearly there have been gross inadequacies at structural and policy levels, including basic approach to handling human development challenges. This objective of this paper is to highlight the similarities between contemporary literature on participatory communication and publications by M. K. Gandhi on Indian rural development. Qualitative research methodology comprising of content analysis and comparative analysis of both sets of literature is used. The paper also recommends a simple model of applying the concept of participatory communication in present day rural development projects in India as an extension of the ‘Gram Swarajya’ idea propounded by Gandhi. By involving people in their own development, the pace and efficiency of rural development can be increased significantly.
Trends in Reading Growth between Gifted and Nongifted Students: An Individual Growth Model Analysis.

In this study, we use large-scale, longitudinal data to model the growth in student reading across 3, 4, and 5 grade in three states using multi-level models for change (Singer & Willett, 2003) to fit individual growth models for students nested in schools and districts. Students who were identified as gifted had 3 grade reading scores that were nearly a full standard deviation higher than their non-gifted peers. However, students identified as gifted showed reading growth that was either similar to, or slightly lower than, their non-gifted peers.
The Association between Personality Traits and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Role of Risk Propensity and Optimism

The population of students forms the base of future entrepreneurs. The present research focuses on the effect of personality traits on entrepreneurial intention (EI) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO). The model based on the Big Five personality traits is augmented by including risk propensity and optimism. Risk propensity is included to examine whether this personality aspect can be viewed as the sixth personality trait of the five-factor model (FFM). Further, by adding interaction terms of optimism and the Big Five personality traits, the present research examines changes in the effect of the Big Five personality traits on EI and EO, for individuals with different levels of optimism. Since literature suggested that positive emotional states stimulate entrepreneurial intentions, optimism is expected to positively moderate the effects of the Big Five personality traits. Results indicate a positive effect of risk propensity on EI and EO, although this personality trait cannot be viewed as a sixth personality trait within the FFM. No evidence was found for a moderating effect of optimism. The results can be used by career counsellors and policy makers in order to determine and stimulate entrepreneurial intention.
Music, Education and ADHD: An exploratory multiple case study

There is a substantial body of research to indicate the potential wider benefits of sustained, effective musical activity on children’s intellectual, social and emotional development, including children with special needs. However, there is limited research evidence concerning music education and young people diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), whose symptoms can negatively affect behaviour and development at both home and school. Accordingly, following an exploratory pilot action case study, the intention of this multiple case study approach was to investigate how and to what extent ADHD behaviour is evidenced in a music education context. The methodology of the main study included structured observations in three different case studies, including between- and within-case contrasting settings. Real-time observational data were gathered overall several weeks, supported by video, and subjected to analysis and synthesis in terms of both musical behaviours and development and ADHD profiles. Observational contexts embraced small group music-making, one-to-one studio-based lessons, group instrumental lessons and orchestra rehearsals of Primary and Secondary school-aged pupils with a formal assessment of ADHD across several school terms. Overall, the three core attributes of ADHD (inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity) were evidenced at different moments during the case study music education programmes. However, data analyses suggest that ADHD symptoms can be less entirely absent in the actual musical acts of playing and performing. Furthermore, analyses of the data suggest that the perception of ADHD in music is likely to be related to the pedagogical approach and the way that the educational experience is set up. In particular, the evidence suggests that an effective and inclusive musical strategy can integrate ADHD behaviour into successful individual and collective music making. Conversely, negative attitudes towards ADHD behaviour can hinder teachers’ effective practices and enhance an adverse perception of such behaviour. Additionally, it was noted that all non-ADHD participants occasionally showed ADHD symptoms in their music classes. Consequently, the research findings suggest that, in spite of ADHD’s generally impairing symptoms, it is possible for an individual with ADHD to engage successfully in music and acquire musical skills. Moreover, when the pedagogy is effective, ADHD need not be a hindrance, but can be integrated into active music making.
A Recognition Algorithm for Wireless Capsule Gastroscopy Images

In order to enhance recognition accuracy, a novel recognition algorithm for wireless capsule gastroscopy images(WCGIs) was developed by using a new proposed feature extraction method and back propagation neural network(BPNN). First, an improved color histogram was computed in the Hue, Saturation, Value space. Meanwhile, by using the wavelet transform, the low frequency parts of WCGIs were filtered out and then the characteristic values of the reconstructed WCGIs’ co-occurrence matrix were computed. Next, the feature values of color moments and co-occurrence matrix were normalized as the inputs of the BPNN for training and recognition. Recognition experiments were conducted and the results demonstrated that the accuracy of the developed algorithm is up to 99.09% that is much better than the compared methods. Introduction Wireless capsule gastroscopy system allows painless screening for gastric diseases. During the screening process, however, a large number of wireless capsule gastroscopy images (WCGIs) will be generated, and incur much time and energy costs if these WCGIs are read and recognized by physicians. Thus, it is imperative to develop an efficient computer aided analysis algorithm that can help physicians recognize WCGIs with high efficiency and accuracy. Generally, features of a WCGI consists of shape, color, texture, etc. It is noted in [1] that the features employed for recognition will directly affect the ultimate recognition performance. In [2], the ULBP (Uniform Local Binary Pattern) features are extracted from the discrete wavelet transform sub-band in the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and HSI (Hue, Saturation, Intensity) spaces, and then the support vector machine is used as the recognizer. The authors of [3] developed an image feature extraction algorithm and an image feature matching technique that are able to discover feature places between two continuous WCGIs. In [4], the Gabor filter based gray-level co-occurrence matrix and the wavelet are adopted to extract texture information of WCGIs. Of note is that most of the existing feature extraction methods are either based on the full image or its low-frequency part, and often ignore the middle and high frequency parts that actually have rich texture information. It is known that WCGIs have rich color and texture information. Thus, for a WCGI, the lesion and non-lesion regions possess major diversity in color and texture. In the paper, a novel feature extraction method based on color histogram, wavelet transform and co-occurrence matrix is studied. Then, based on the framework of the novel feature extraction method, a recognition algorithm for WCGIs is proposed so as to enhance the recognition accuracy. Method Here, the detailed methods employed in the paper are presented. For the feature extraction method, color and texture features are, respectively, extracted by an improved color histogram and the corresponding co-occurrence matrix. The WCGIs used in the paper are grouped into the training and examining sets. WCGIs in the training set are used to train the back propagation neural network
Treatment for Challenging Behaviors: Are IDEA Part C Interventionists Using Functional Interventions?

Little is known about the specific practices of early interventionists, despite many young children receiving early intervention services through Part C of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. The aim of this study was to examine knowledge and use of functionally appropriate evidence-based interventions for challenging behaviors among Part C interventionists. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with a sample of 10 interventionists who served infants and toddlers with challenging behaviors in one region in the state of Florida. These interviews included questions about the interventionists’ own cases as well as vignettes representing common early childhood behavioral issues. Thematic analysis of responses resulted in six themes and one subtheme reflecting insufficient training and confusion regarding best practices in functional assessment and intervention for challenging behaviors. Although interventionists were using a variety of functional interventions, most were not implementing these interventions systematically. Implications for early intervention programs are discussed.
Entrepreneurial intentions and gender: pathways to start-up

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to revisit the conceptualization and measurement of entrepreneurial intentions. Significant studies anchored in the Theory of Planned Behavior use causal statistical approaches to entrepreneurial intentions. This methodological approach, leads to the conclusion that there is a single pathway for all groups of people to achieve business start-up. Even though theory suggests approaches by women entrepreneurs to start a business may be influenced by different factors from those influencing men, results are inconclusive in these analyses. The authors argue that methodological preferences for linear, causal analytical approaches limit the understanding of gender similarities and differences in the business start-up process. The authors propose that when considering diverse samples, it is unreasonable to assume there is only a single pathway leading to business start-up. Design/methodology/approach Building on fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) and data set of 2,038 respondents, the authors investigate factors predicting the intentions to start a business and evaluate the alternative conjunctive paths that emerge. Findings The fsQCA results shows that the relationship among conditions leading to entrepreneurial intentions is complex and is best represented as multiple and conjectural causation configurations. In other words, there are multiple significant pathways (refers to equifinality) that predict intentions to start a business start-up, and there are significant differences by gender. Originality/value This study is one of the first to examine the roll of gender as a sperate condition in the analysis. This paper offers implications for theory and future research and highlights the complexity of this domain.
Enhancing training advantage for remote learners

For some time Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders have been readily participating in [vocational education and training] VET certificate programs, above rates for non-Indigenous Australians (albeit at lower levels of attainment than non-Indigenous Australians). Relatively high participation rates are not however translating into higher levels of employment. Successive 'Closing the Gap' reports point to a widening gap in employment participation, particularly in remote areas. This suggests that the role of VET certificate courses in improving employability of participants is problematic. Compounding the problem of transition to employment is the problem of attrition. In remote parts of Australia, attrition rates for VET courses are very high, for example certificate I courses have attrition rates of more than 90 per cent. It would appear that on the whole, participants are not getting what is needed from their courses and they are dropping out as a result. However, this is not the case for all courses.
When Group Influence Is More or Less Likely: The Case of Moral Judgments

Abstract We investigated whether group influence can change judgments even for high-consensus (i.e., unambiguous) moral norms. We found that participants often matched the judgment of the other current group members even when this moral judgment was normatively incorrect (nonstandard), and this occurred more for more ambiguous issues. Moreover, this social influence on public judgments was generally followed by private agreement and re-interpreting general values to be consistent with those judgements. We also found that participants who experienced a fit between their regulatory focus and their feelings of power (i.e., promotion/high power; prevention/low power) were less influenced by the group.
Collective rights and democratic states: a new framework for addressing global socio-economic inequality

This article will present the argument for treating democratic states as moral and not only legal collective entities; that is, it will apply the theory of collective rights of cultural groups in a (closed) domestic political setting to democratic states in international relations. Numerous experiences by self-identifying cultural groups bear witness to the fact that morally important objectives are not always reached by merely treating individuals as the sole bearers of moral status. In order to prevent latent cultural imperialism, many countries around the world have adopted various models of collective rights protection and policies of preferential treatment for these groups. This article will examine whether it is possible to make a parallel between cultural groups and democratic states; in particular, whether it is feasible to think of democratic states as moral entities and what the normative implications of such a view for contemporary international relations and trade would be.
Secondary Engineering Design Graphics Educators: Credentials, Characteristics, and Caseload.

Many secondary courses within Career and Technical Education, including engineering design graphics, have a high enrollment of students with categorical disabilities or limited English proficiency. However, current teacher preparation programs do not lend themselves to address the needs of the growing diverse classroom that exists in most secondary level engineering design graphics courses. This project analyzes the current credentials and characteristics of engineering design graphics teachers along with their caseload for working with students with categorical disabilities or limited English proficiency. The results show that although engineering design graphics teachers have a high case load for working with students with categorical disabilities or limited English proficiency, many of them earned a teaching certificate in a manner that may not adequately prepare them to teach these students. By understanding this information, future recommendations can be made to address the critical need to increase teacher preparedness to work with students with categorical disabilities or limited English proficiency.
Child-oriented Drug Counseling in Germany: Evaluating the Implementation of the Program “Fitkids” and Its Association with Readiness for Change

ABSTRACT Fitkids aims to promote child-oriented drug counseling. This study evaluates its implementation by focusing on child-oriented counseling at the organizational and employee level in 15 newly recruited (before and after implementation) and 10 pilot centers (4–5 years after implementation). Associations of readiness for change facets with outcomes of successful implementation were investigated. Four out of five organizational-level outcomes changed after implementation, were higher in pilot sites, and were associated with readiness for change facets (e.g., willingness to change, change fatigue, activity latitude). Fitkids has the potential to promote child-oriented counseling. Addressing organization’s readiness for change helps to tailor its implementation.
Anxiety, Alcohol, and Academics: A Textual Analysis of Student Facebook Confessions Pages

What do college students reveal to their peers on social media under complete anonymity? Do their campus environments relate to the topics of their disclosure? To answer these questions, I analyze Facebook confessions pages. Popular on hundreds of college campuses, these pages allow students to anonymously post personal confessions on a public community forum. In this preliminary research note, I analyze several explanatory factors of online student confessional behavior. Aggregating nearly 200,000 confessions posts spanning a period of 3 years, I combine Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) with human verification through Mechanical Turk to scalably identify topics in these online confessions. Where possible, I also link posts to real-world news events parsed from Twitter. I find that confessions mentioning socioeconomics as well as mental and physical health occur more often at top-ranking, expensive private colleges. While event-related confessions most often mention timely school-related events, many mention global and domestic events outside of the local campus sphere. Results suggest that undergraduates from different campuses disclose about topics such as race, socioeonomics, and politics differently, but in aggregate, post in similar patterns over time. Additionally, results confirm that anonymous Facebook confessors receive support for confessions on important, but taboo topics such as health and socioeconomic status.
A person-centered approach to the role of empathy in negotiations

2 Acknowledgements . 3 List of Tables . 6 List of Figures . 7 Introduction . 8 Individual Characteristics and Negotiation . 10 Empathy and the IRI . 11 Multidimensional Empathy and Negotiation . 14 Profile-Outcome Expectancies. 15 Separation from Similar Constructs . 17 Method . 19 Social Anxiety Sample . 19 War Game Sample . 20 MBA Negotiation Sample . 21 Ultimatum Bargaining Sample. 21 Measures . 22 Demographics. 23 IRI. 23 Analytic Approach . 24 Results . 26 Preliminary Analyses . 26 Latent Profile Analyses . 33 Sample 1. 33 Sample 2. 36 Confirmatory LPA. 37 Empathy Profile ANOVAs . 40 Empathy profiles and the Big Five personality traits. 41 Empathy profiles and emotional intelligence. 42 Discussion . 44 Empathy Profiles . 45 Empathy Profiles and Negotiation Outcomes . 46 Empathy Profiles and Personality . 48 Limitations and Future Research . 52 Theoretical and Practical Implications. 55 Conclusion . 57 References . 58
From Displays and Dioramas to Doll Dramas : Adult World Building and World Playing with Toys

Toys both guide and foster the play—and stimulate the imaginations—of players of all ages. The authors investigate adult use of toys as a point of entry to the world play of both transmedia-connected and stand alone toy characters—dolls, action figures, and soft toys. They point to how adult toy players engage actively in world building in their world play and suggest that play better describes the object relations of adults with toys than such notions as collecting or pursuing a hobby. They discuss how adults use world playing with toys to develop toy industry back stories and replay—and sometimes revolutionize—original story lines familiar from popular fiction. And they highlight how mature audiences for character toys employ these physical objects to explore their capacity for imaginative, spatial, and hybrid world play.
Parental attachment anxiety: Associations with allostatic load in mothers of 1-year-olds

Growing evidence indicates that individual differences in attachment style are related to health outcomes. The present study extends this literature by examining whether attachment anxiety in both mothers and fathers predicts maternal health the year following the birth of a child in a sample of 698 low-income, racially diverse couples. We hypothesized that maternal perceptions of partner responsiveness would mediate these associations. Maternal allostatic load, a measure of cumulative wear-and-tear on the body due to stress, was used as an indicator of maternal health. Maternal biomarkers (blood pressure, adiposity, blood metabolites, inflammation, and diurnal cortisol) were scored using clinical or top-quartile cutoffs to compute an allostatic load index. Attachment anxiety and perceived partner responsiveness were assessed in interviews. Path models were used to test indirect associations between mother and father attachment anxiety and maternal allostatic load through perceived partner responsiveness. We found that higher mother and father attachment anxiety were each independently and indirectly associated with higher maternal allostatic load through lower maternal perceptions of partner responsiveness. These findings highlight the need to consider both relationship and partner factors in understanding maternal health.
Consumers' choice among peer‐to‐peer sharing platforms: The other side of the coin

textabstractMany peer‐to‐peer sharing platforms are transforming their business model from sharing for free to renting with or without in‐person interactions. How will these changes affect consumers’ participation in peer‐to‐peer sharing of personal items? The work studies consumers’ choice among three business models that vary on two dimensions: “free versus renting” and “with or without in‐person interactions. ” The novelty is to consider that consumers’ choice can be driven by their perceptions of relationships among peers, which are shaped by the business models of sharing platforms. Perceptions of communal sharing (CS) relationships among peers are found to differ across business models and to predict consumers’ choice among the platforms above and beyond the economic and social benefits that consumers seek. Interestingly, perceptions of CS are not only found to explain the choice of a sharing for the free business model over the two others, but also the choice of renting with in‐person interactions over renting without in‐person interactions. For managers of peer‐to‐peer sharing platforms, this means that renting does not make sharing completely similar to traditional market exchanges as long as in‐person interactions are involved. For scholars, this calls for more work on the factors that bring about perceptions of CS.