Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
P300 Detection Using Ensemble of SVM for Brain-Computer Interface Application

Ahstract—This study provides a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) approach for character recognition. The character recognition task is a two class classification problem. The key objective of the character recognition is to detect the P300 signal from the set of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The character is predicted from the detected P300 signal and row/column information of the oddball paradigm. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is low. Ensemble of classifier is used to reduce the classifier variabilIty and enhance the SNR of the acquired signal. Here ensemble of SVMs (ESVMs) is used as classifier. The distribution of dataset is imbalanced due to its paradigm. A novel approach is applied in this work to balance the dataset. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on dataset IIb of BCI Competition II and dataset II of the BCI Competition III. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art character recognition performance.
On-GPU Thread-Data Remapping for Branch Divergence Reduction

General Purpose GPU computing (GPGPU) plays an increasingly vital role in high performance computing and other areas like deep learning. However, arising from the SIMD execution model, the branch divergence issue lowers efficiency of conditional branching on GPUs, and hinders the development of GPGPU. To achieve runtime on-the-spot branch divergence reduction, we propose the first on-GPU thread-data remapping scheme. Before kernel launching, our solution inserts codes into GPU kernels immediately before each target branch so as to acquire actual runtime divergence information. GPU software threads can be remapped to datasets multiple times during single kernel execution. We propose two thread-data remapping algorithms that are tailored to the GPU architecture. Effective on two generations of GPUs from both NVIDIA and AMD, our solution achieves speedups up to 2.718 with third-party benchmarks. We also implement three GPGPU frontier benchmarks from areas including computer vision, algorithmic trading and data analytics. They are hindered by more complex divergence coupled with different memory access patterns, and our solution works better than the traditional thread-data remapping scheme in all cases. As a compiler-assisted runtime solution, it can better reduce divergence for divergent applications that gain little acceleration on GPUs for the time being.
Taking advantage of hybrid bioinspired intelligent algorithm with decoupled extended Kalman filter for optimizing growing and pruning radial basis function network

The growing and pruning radial basis function (GAP-RBF) network is a promising sequential learning algorithm for prediction analysis, but the parameter selection of such a network is usually a non-convex problem and makes it difficult to handle. In this paper, a hybrid bioinspired intelligent algorithm is proposed to optimize GAP-RBF. Specifically, the excellent local convergence of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the extensive search ability of genetic algorithm (GA) are both considered to optimize the weights and bias term of GAP-RBF. Meanwhile, a competitive mechanism is proposed to make the hybrid algorithm choose the appropriate individuals for effective search and further improve its optimization ability. Moreover, a decoupled extended Kalman filter (DEKF) method is introduced in this study to reduce the size of error covariance matrix and decrease the computational complexity for performing real-time predictions. In the experiments, three classic forecasting issues including abalone age, Boston house price and auto MPG are adopted for extensive test, and the experimental results show that our method performs better than PSO and GA these two single bioinspired optimization algorithms. What is more, our method via DEKF achieves the better results in comparison with the state-of-art sequential learning algorithms, such as GAP-RBF, minimal resource allocation network, resource allocation network using an extended Kalman filter and resource allocation network.
Belief Propagation Based Multi-AUV Cooperative Localization in Anchor-free Environments

The localization of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) has been a difficult yet fundamental issue in many applications. The traditional way to localize an AUV is based on dead-reckoning (DR) using the measurements from inertial measurement units (IMUs). However, the accuracy of DR cannot be guaranteed for a long period. With the development of underwater communications and ranging, recent AUVs can localize themselves by sharing position information with anchors (whose positions are known). Occasionally, we have to localize an AUV in anchor-free environments. Without reference positions, localization could be challenging. Recently, multiple-AUV (multi-AUV) simultaneous navigation is becoming a prevalent trend and cooperative localization becomes a new way to improve the localization accuracy. In this paper, aiming at anchor-free scenarios, we propose a novel cooperative localization algorithm using belief propagation (BP), called belief propagation based dead-reckoning (BPDR). Meanwhile, to reduce the communication overhead among AUVs, intermittent BPDR (IBPDR) algorithm is designed. The simulations show satisfactory performance in localization by both BPDR and IBPDR.
Sizing Analysis of Hybrid DC Fast Charging System for Electric Vehicles

Electrical vehicles have been rising its popularity recently and becoming a rival for internal combustion engine vehicles. That is why electrical vehicles are accepted as the vehicles of future around the world. However, there are some restrictions on being widespread in a short time. Especially, the charging time and driving distance are in the most important reasons. As a result, DC fast charging systems that allows faster charging on high power values have developed. On the other hand, because these systems need high power for fast charging, they result in various problems for the electrical grid. For this reason, to minimize the negative effects of the DC fast charging systems to the grid, supporting the systems hybrid with local energy resources is aimed. In this study, a new structure that is more economic and small sized, is proposed in a DC fast charging system which is hybrid supplied by renewable energy resources. Thus, a new V2V topology included power system substructure is produced.
A D-Band Amplifier in 65 nm Bulk CMOS for Short-Distance Data Center Communication

A novel pole-tuning technique with T-type network for interstage bandwidth extension is proposed in this paper. By exploiting the proposed technique in interstage of amplifiers, the transfer function of each stage exhibits two dominant poles, achieving a flat gain–frequency response over an ultrawide bandwidth. For verification, a four-stage amplifier based on the pole-tuning technique with T-type network has been designed and implemented in a 65-nm bulk CMOS technology. The fabricated prototype achieves a peak gain of 9.5 dB at 122 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of more than 26 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of larger than 21.3%, while consuming a dc power of 62 mW. At the operating frequency of 125 GHz, the saturation output power and the output P1 dB are 8.6 and 4.6 dBm, respectively. The chip occupies a small silicon area of 0.27 mm2 including all testing pads with a core size of only 0.105 mm2. The proposed amplifier is suitable for short-distance data center communication as one of the key building blocks.
Research on Chinese Electronic Book Retrieval in University Libraries

In the big data environment, the proportion of electronic book (e-book) collections in universities’ libraries is getting higher and higher, and the number of readers of e-books in universities is rising. However, in the new situation, the retrieval of e-books, especially Chinese e-books, is challenged by salient problems. This paper finds the problems in the retrieval of Chinese e-books from collections, page setting, retrieval portal and others of Chinese e-books in several universities’ libraries, actively seeks certain solutions to these problems, and proposes improvement measures. As such, Chinese e-books that is needed by readers can be quickly and accurately retrieved, the usage rate of Chinese e-books can be improved, and reader’s satisfaction level can be maximized. Keywords—Chinese e-books; Retrieval
Analytical Method to Aggregate Multi-Machine SFR Model With Applications in Power System Dynamic Studies

The system frequency response (SFR) model describes the average network frequency response after a disturbance and has been applied to a wide variety of dynamic studies. However, the traditional literature does not provide a generic, analytical method for obtaining the SFR model parameters when the system contains multiple generators; instead, a numerical simulation-based approach or the operators’ experience is the common practice to obtain an aggregated model. In this paper, an analytical method is proposed for aggregating the multi-machine SFR model into a single-machine model. The verification study indicates that the proposed aggregated SFR model can accurately represent the multi-machine SFR model. Furthermore, the detailed system simulation illustrates that the SFR model can also accurately represent the average frequency response of large systems for power system dynamic studies. Finally, three applications of the proposed method are explored, with system frequency control, frequency stability, and dynamic model reduction. The results show the method is promising with broad potential applications.
Design of a Compact Wideband Dual-Polarization Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna Array

A compact wideband dual-polarization antipodal Vivaldi antenna is proposed in this paper. This proposed antenna mainly consists of two orthogonal antipodal Vivaldi antennas and one cross-shaped metal block. Each of the antipodal Vivaldi antennas with three layers of metal is etched on the two layers of substrates with a size of $38\times 42\times 1.5\ \text{mm}^{3}$. Moreover, the cross-shaped metal block with a height of 44 mm is mounted on the corner of the reflection ground plane in each periodic cell, which can fix these antennas enabling of guaranteeing the robustness of this proposed antenna. Obviously, compared to the traditional Vivaldi antenna, this proposed antenna is convenient to replace some elements if necessary. In additional, the simulated impedance bandwidth (active $\text{VSWR} \leq 3)$ for both horizontal polarization antenna and vertical polarization antenna is about 94.5%, ranging 1.2 GHz to 3.35 GHz, while the main beam is scanning from −45° to 45° in azimuth plane and from −30° to 30° in elevation plane. The detailed simulated results and analysis of the proposed conformal antenna array will be presented.
Reduced Susceptibility to Sugar-Induced Metabolic Derangements and Impairments of Myocardial Redox Signaling in Mice Chronically Fed with D-Tagatose when Compared to Fructose

Background D-tagatose is an isomer of fructose and is ~90% as sweet as sucrose with less caloric value. Nowadays, D-tagatose is used as a nutritive or low-calorie sweetener. Despite clinical findings suggesting that D-tagatose could be beneficial in subjects with type 2 diabetes, there are no experimental data comparing D-tagatose with fructose, in terms of metabolic derangements and related molecular mechanisms evoked by chronic exposure to these two monosaccharides. Materials and methods C57Bl/6j mice were fed with a control diet plus water (CD), a control diet plus 30% fructose syrup (L-Fr), a 30% fructose solid diet plus water (S-Fr), a control diet plus 30% D-tagatose syrup (L-Tg), or a 30% D-tagatose solid diet plus water (S-Tg), during 24 weeks. Results Both solid and liquid fructose feeding led to increased body weight, abnormal systemic glucose homeostasis, and an altered lipid profile. These effects were associated with vigorous increase in oxidative markers. None of these metabolic abnormalities were detected when mice were fed with both the solid and liquid D-tagatose diets, either at the systemic or at the local level. Interestingly, both fructose formulations led to significant Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) accumulation in mouse hearts, as well as a robust increase in both myocardial AGE receptor (RAGE) expression and NF-κB activation. In contrast, no toxicological effects were shown in hearts of mice chronically exposed to liquid or solid D-tagatose. Conclusion Our results clearly suggest that chronic overconsumption of D-tagatose in both formulations, liquid or solid, does not exert the same deleterious metabolic derangements evoked by fructose administration, due to differences in carbohydrate interference with selective proinflammatory and oxidative stress cascades.
PLT-based spectral features for texture image retrieval

Effective texture feature is an essential component in any content-based image retrieval system. In this study, new texture features based on image enhancement technique are presented. The authors have effectively exploited power-law transform (PLT) to extract new spectral texture features called PLT-based spectral features. Extensive experiments on the Brodatz texture database and Salzburg Textures image database prove the effectiveness of the proposed techniques and show that the proposed features significantly outperform the widely used Gabor and curvelet features. The proposed features are also compared with recently published Gaussian copula models of Gabor feature and local tetra patterns (LTrP). The experimental results confirm that the proposed features have more tolerance to scale, orientation and illumination distortion than the state-of-the-art Gabor, curvelet, Gaussian copula models of Gabor and LTrPs.
An Event-based Compositional Reasoning Approach for Concurrent Reactive Systems

Reactive systems are composed of a well defined set of input events that the system reacts with by executing an associated handler to each event. In concurrent environments, event handlers can interact with the execution of other programs such as hardware interruptions in preemptive systems, or other instances of the reactive system in multicore architectures. State of the art rely-guarantee based verification frameworks only focus on imperative programs, being difficult to capture in the rely and guarantee relations interactions with possible infinite sequences of event handlers, and the input arguments to event handlers. In this paper, we propose the formalisation in Isabelle/HOL of an event-based rely-guarantee approach for concurrent reactive systems. We develop a Pi-Core language which incorporates a concurrent imperative and system specification language by `events', and we build a rely-guarantee proof system for Pi-Core and prove its soundness. Our approach can deal with multicore and interruptible concurrency. We use two case studies to show this: an interruptible controller for stepper motors and an ARINC 653 multicore kernel, and prove the functional correctness and preservation of invariants of them in Isabelle/HOL.
Low-Power QPSK Transmitter Based on an Injection-Locked Power Amplifier

An injection-locked frequency divider was used as a quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulator by exploiting the property that a polarity flip of the injected signal results in a phase shift of 90 degrees at the output. Furthermore, the power amplifier was integrated with the divider by adding a transformer to couple to the antenna. Combining these two ideas resulted in a high-efficiency, high-bandwidth QPSK transmitter, capable of operating at up to 120 Mbit/s and delivering 1.3 m W output power with a system efficiency of 38 %.
Discovering Regulators in Post-Transcriptional Control of the Biological Clock of  $Neurospora~crassa$  Using Variable Topology Ensemble Methods on GPUs

In the previous paper, we reconstructed the entire transcriptional network for all 2418 clock-associated genes in the model filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa (N. crassa). Several authors have suggested that there is extensive post-transcriptional control in the genome-wide clock network (IEEE 3: 27, 2015). Here we have successfully reconstructed the entire clock network in N. crassa with a variable topology ensemble method (VTENS), assigning each clock-associated gene to the regulation of one or more of five transcription factors as well as to six RNA operons. The resulting network provides a unifying framework to explore the clock’s linkage to metabolism through post-transcriptional regulation, in which ~850 genes are predicted to fall under the regulatory control of an RNA operon. A unique feature of all of the RNA operons inferred is their functional connection to genes connected to the ribosome. We have been successful in distinguishing several hypotheses about regulatory topologies of the clock network through protein profiling of the regulators.
An Emerging Wearable World: New Gadgetry Produces a Rising Tide of Changes and Challenges

Increasingly active research on wearable technologies and emerging consumer electronics indicates a wearable world ahead. This article provides a brief review of wearable computing, sensors, and devices. It also covers body sensor networks (BSNs) since wearable devices are often networked to realize more powerful functions. Wearable devices are altering many aspects of society, including, but not limited to, health care, fitness, sports, and entertainment.
Micromagnetic Simulations of Emission Power in Spin Torque Oscillator: Influence of Diameter and Interlayer Exchange Coupling

Micromagnetic simulations for spin torque oscillators (STOs) which have a perpendicular magnetized free layer (FL) and an in-plane magnetized reference layer (RL) in various diameters are presented. Our simulations show that an incoherent magnetization oscillation occurs at more than or equal to 350 nm in the diameter. Such incoherent magnetization oscillation causes the emission power of the STOs to be degraded. It is also indicated that not only is the magnetization dynamics of the FL related to the emission power but also the magnetization dynamics of the RL and the pinned layer are related to the emission power. In addition, it is revealed that changing the interlayer exchange coupling constant enhances the emission power.
Control Center Implementation of Advanced Optimization and Decision Support Applications

The ongoing transformation of the energy transmission system leads to new requirements regarding online surveillance and controllability during online operation. The introduction of VSC-based HVDC-systems provides a powerful tool to support the existing AC-system by means of preventive optimization and curative actions. This paper introduces new control center applications that support system operators in the identification of critical contingency events and the application of countermeasures. The paper introduces suitable control center applications and describes their application in a demonstrator system.
Extending Flash Lifetime in Embedded Processors by Expanding Analog Choice

We extend the lifetime of Flash memory in embedded processors by exploiting the fact that data from sensors is inherently analog. Prior work in the computer architecture community has assumed that all data is digital and has overlooked the opportunities available when working with analog data, such as the data recorded by sensors. In this paper, we introduce redundancy into the quantization of sensor data in order to provide several alternative representations. Notably, we tradeoff distortion—the difference between the sensed analog value and the digital quantization of that value—to improve lifetime. Our simulations show that when combining rate, distortion, and lifetime tradeoffs we can extend Flash lifetime at a far smaller capacity cost compared to prior work. More specifically the simulated system shows that it is possible to achieve up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.75 \times$ </tex-math></inline-formula> less capacity cost compared to redundant Flash memory and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.29 \times$ </tex-math></inline-formula> less capacity cost compared to the state of the art coding schemes.
Analysis of Multi-Phase and Multi-Layer Factional-Slot Concentrated-Winding on PM Eddy Current Loss Considering Axial Segmentation and Load Operation

The effects of multi-phase and multi-layer windings of the 12-slots 10-poles surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines (SPMSMs) on eddy current losses in permanent magnets (PMs) are mainly investigated using the 3-D finite element analysis in this paper. Eddy current losses in PMs considering its axial segmentation are also analyzed. It is demonstrated that dual three-phase four-layer (DTP-FL) winding layout has the minimum value of eddy current losses in PMs, when segmentation number $N = 4$ . It is because DTP-FL winding has smaller magnitude of high-order magnetomotive force harmonics relative to other four winding layouts. The average torque and torque ripple changing with multi-phase, multi-layer, and axial segmentation are also studied. Finally, the no-load and load experiment platform for an axial flux integrated-starter generator with DTP-FL winding and radial segmented PM are established in order to validate the proposed method under power generation mode.
Design and Analysis of Random Access for Standalone LTE-U Systems

Different from a long-term evolution (LTE) system that monopolizes a licensed channel, the standalone LTE system in an unlicensed spectrum (SA LTE-U) is not allowed to occupy the unlicensed channel uninterruptedly, the starting point of its channel occupancy cannot be determined in advance, and its maximum channel occupancy time is restricted. Therefore, user equipments (UEs) may be backlogged during the channel unoccupancy time in their random access (RA) procedure, which causes severe collision during the channel occupancy time and unnecessary retransmissions of preambles in an SA LTE-U system. To address the aforesaid issues, we propose a user grouping and effective window size based RA protocol. In this protocol, the UEs are divided into several groups, and at any time only one group is activated and allowed for its UEs to send RA attempt, which avoids the intergroup UEs’ collision. The backlogged UEs of the activated group are scattered over multiple RA slots for them to send RA attempt, which alleviates the intragroup UEs’ collision. In addition, to avoid the unnecessary retransmissions of preambles caused by the channel uncertainty, the transmission of RA attempt and the reception of RA response are performed on the effective channel that consists of the channel occupancy periods only. The expressions of success and dropping rates, cumulative distribution function of preamble transmission times, utilization of carrying RA slots, and RA delay are derived. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the utilization of carrying RA slots to obtain the optimal number of carrying RA slots. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol outperforms the baseline protocol in SA LTE-U systems.