Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Thermal Stratification on the Water Quality of the Cheffia Reservoir (North-East Algeria)

The aim of this work aim is to evaluate the thermal stratification, the physicochemical and the bacteriological characteristics of the Cheffia reservoir located in the North-East of Algeria. Samplings were monthly carried out from December 2012 to November 2013 at a unique station at the deepest point of the reservoir. Samples of water were collected from the surface to a depth of -13 m at intervals of 1 meter in order to evaluate the depth profile of the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter. The heterotrophic bacteria abundance was also estimated by culture on PCA medium. The results showed a permanent presence of a thermal stratification but mixing water conditions were also recorded during the spring season. The thermal layering showed a weak or even no effect on the measured parameters. Still, a strong correlation was calculated between the physicochemical and the biotic mechanisms characterizing the water of the Cheffia reservoir.
Mobile Testing: New Challenges and Perceived Difficulties From Developers of the Italian Industry

Automated Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing is a fundamental part of the Verification and Validation process of every software, but it is often linked to notable maintenance costs, especially for mobile applications. The literature reports a general lack of automated testing adoption among mobile developers in the industry. In this article, we present the outcome of seven interviews centered on how companies automate the testing process of mobile applications. The interviews confirmed that automated testing is still not widely adopted and rarely formalized by industry, with manual testing being still the primary form of testing. Test fragility and evolution of the user interface are seen as a relevant issue by developers, with a cost of around 30% of the overall maintenance performed on test suites. Some clear shared needs emerged during our interviews that can be considered hints for the added research effort from academia in meeting the needs of industry.
Power Consumption Analysis for Security attack in TPM

Recently, most network communication chips are powered; which causes power consumption a heavily constraint. Since, there are a lot of expectations on TPM to have a high performance in terms of authentication of its device. During the design process there is a need to estimate the security of the design but it always when the chip has already been manufactured. This paper designed a power consumption control monitor in TPM device which evaluate the voltage drop during processing of use. Therefore we will analyze the power consumption profile. The result shows that the voltage drop leads to vulnerability of the system to attackers during communication process.
Learning Families of Behaviors for Legged Locomotion using Model-Free Deep Reinforcement Learning

Successful deployment of complex systems, such as articulated legged robots, require general solutions to planning and control because the high dimensional state spaces associated with such systems make it impractical to search for a new solu-tion each time the robot encounters a diﬀerent challenge. To achieve some level of generality, in this work, we present a framework for end to end learning of a set of parameterized families of behaviors that can be modulated by low dimensional sets of control parameters. We draw inspiration from Central Pattern Generators (CPGs), which use networks of oscillators, to form expressive low-dimensional parameterizations of locomotive behaviors. We do not directly use CPGs because their design requires signiﬁcant domain knowledge and hand tuning. Instead, we turn to model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) which oﬀers a framework for learning behavioral policies by interacting with the environment, with minimal to no domain knowledge about the robot or its environment. The results from RL are still restrictive because they represent a single behavior whose characteristics cannot be easily modiﬁed. Therefore, this work presents a framework that brings together ideas from CPGs and model-free deep RL to enable expressive parameterizations of behaviors to be learned end-to-end by interaction with the environment.
Privacy Enhancement and Secure Data Transmission Mechanism for Smart Grid System

With the growth of Smart Grid technologies, security and privacy will become the most important issues and more attention should be paid. There are some existing solutions about anonymization of smart meters, however, they still have some potential threats. In this paper, we describe an enhanced method to protect the privacy of consumer data. When metering data are required by a utility or the electrical energy distribution center for operational reasons, data are delivered not with the real IDs but with temporary IDs. In addition, these temporary IDs are changed randomly to prevent the attackers from analyzing the energy usage patterns. We also describe secure data transmission method for securing data delivered. In this way, we can enhance the privacy of Smart Grid System with low overhead.
Influence of Asymmetry and Structural Roles on Triad Patterns in Undirected Networks

Triads, i.e., variously interconnected triplets of nodes, significantly affect the network structure. Closed triads, for instance, are the building blocks of communities. Our study focuses on the analysis of triads in which the ego is connected to two alters, with the alters not having to be connected; therefore, the triads that are studied need not be closed. The analysis uses two approaches based on asymmetric relationships between pairs of nodes. In the first approach, we work with three different node roles, in which the ego and its alters can appear in triads. We get a total of eighteen different role-based triad patterns. The second approach allows us to work with a total of four different types of ties and six different alter-pair patterns. In experiments with four different types of real-world networks, we show how the properties of these networks differ in terms of role-based triad patterns. In some of these networks, we further show that the triad-based properties remain stable during network growth. The main contribution of our paper is the use of asymmetric relations for the definition of four types of dependency-based tie strengths between nodes and the analysis of their influence on the occurrence of different triad-based patterns in networks.
Once in the Public Sector, Do Differences in Job Satisfaction by Sex Disappear?

espanolEl articulo analiza las diferencias en la satisfaccion laboral de hombres y mujeres en el sector publico y privado. Inicialmente, se analizan las diferencias en la satisfaccion laboral global y, posteriormente respecto a diferentes dominios del trabajo: el salario, las ayudas empresariales, la formacion, la estabilidad, los horarios, la fexibilidad, las vacaciones, la organizacion del trabajo, la independencia, la valoracion realizado por los superiores jerarquicos del rendimiento del trabajador, la monotonia y el estres. Los resultados econometricos muestran que las mujeres estan mas satisfechas que los varones en terminos agregados, si bien su mayor satisfaccion se justifca exclusivamente por los trabajadores del sector publico. Dentro del sector publico las diferencias por sexo no desaparecen. Las mujeres en el sector publico continuan estando mas satisfechas laboralmente que sus companeros varones. EnglishThis paper analyses the differences in job satisfaction between men and women in the public and private sectors. Firstly, differences in satisfaction are analysed globally, and subsequently according to different domains of satisfaction: wage, social assistance, training, job stability, work hours, fexibility, holidays, organization at work, independence, performance assessment by hierarchical superiors, monotony and stress. Results show that women are more satisfed than men in aggregate terms, although their higher satisfaction is justifed exclusively by public sector workers. Once within the public sector, the differences between men and women do not disappear. Women in the public sector are still more satisfed than men are.
Developing a New Neutron and Reactivity Monitoring System for Paks NPP

The Reactivity Monitoring System and the Refuelling Neutron Monitoring System of Paks NPP are aged and need to be reconstructed. Since both systems are based on neutron flux measurements, the new system is to be served by the same detectors and measurement instrumentation. In order to provide data during refuelling, start-up and at full power, a fullrange system is required, i.e. the detectors and the associated instrumentation should cover the full range of neutron flux measurements from 0% to 100% of reactor power. Additionally, the new system is required to operate continuously, to maintain a measurement archive, and to provide data for the Process Computer and the VERONA core monitoring system. In order to cover the full neutron flux range, Photonis CFUL08 type fission chamber was chosen. The interface module will serve all three operation modes of the detector: pulse, Campbell (AC) and current (DC) modes. In order to obtain high reliability and dependability, the system will be built from independent and redundant components.
DEHYDRATION AND EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR RECOVERY

• Cell volume regulation is influenced by both hydration status and skeletal muscle contraction. • Heat stress during intense exercise may compromise muscle structure and function. • The effects of dehydration on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) have gone largely unexamined, but limited evidence suggests dehydration may exacerbate EIMD and prolong recovery. • Proposed mechanisms for the adverse effects of dehydration on EIMD may include alterations in cell volume and ion flux, cell membrane disruption, impaired excitation contraction coupling, decreased skeletal muscle blood flow, modified red blood cell properties, and/or intensification of maladaptive signaling. DEHYDRATION AND EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR RECOVERY
Use of uniform distribution for generating synthetic brightness temperature in passive microwave soil moisture retrieval

Passive microwave remote sensing technique have shown great potential for monitoring regional/global surface soil moisture. Given a single measurement at dual polarization/single frequency/single view angle, a strategic approach to artificially generating multiple microwave brightness temperatures is presented. And then the statistically generated microwave brightness temperature data are applied to the inverse algorithm, which mainly relies on a physically based microwave emission model and an advanced single-criterion multi-parameter optimization technique, to simultaneously retrieve soil moisture and vegetation characteristics. The procedure is tested with dual polarized Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Microwave Imager (TRMM/TMI) over two different cover sites in Oklahoma and Beltsville field experimental data. The retrieval results are analyzed and show excellent performance.
IHARA’S LEMMA FOR SHIMURA CURVES OVER TOTALLY REAL FIELDS AND MULTIPLICITY TWO

In this paper, under some technical conditions on the coefficients, we prove Ihara’s lemma for Shimura curves over totally real fields. We then construct examples where the multiplicities of Galois representations in the cohomology groups of Shimura curves are two. These examples provide some evidence for the BDJ conjecture.
On the autonomy of Fission: Evidence from discontinuous agreement in Semitic

The operation known as Fission in Distributed Morphology has figured prominently in accounting for discontinuous agreement in verbal paradigms—that is, the exponence of agreement with a single argument which is distributed over more than one position on the verb. Fission is often seen as a by-product of a composite Vocabulary Insertion mechanism determining which features are split up, where they are linearized, and how they are spelled out. An alternative view which presupposes a modular postsyntax assigns operational autonomy to rules responsible for feature splitting, displacement, and exponence. I argue that the latter approach is empirically superior on the basis of a novel set of allomorphic alternations from Semitic which demonstrate that Fission and displacement feed, and hence cannot be equated with, Vocabulary Insertion. The result is that the inventory of postsyntactic operations must include at least the following three operations: Fission, Metathesis, and Vocabulary Insertion.
Decommissioning of subsea oil and gas production pipelines: hydrodynamic modeling for preliminary assessment of sediment resuspension and burial onto benthic organisms

Many offshore oil and gas fields in Brazil are reaching the end of their economic productive life, which has increasing the demand for decisions about decommissioning of the offshore exploration structures such as subsea pipelines. However, removing, retaining or relocating subsea infrastructure have potential impacts on the marine environment caused by seabed perturbation. Using the MOHID hydrodynamic software, this study simulated resuspension, similar to those caused by pipelines recovery operations, and estimated the deposited particle layer onto rhodoliths and deep-water coral in continental shelf and slope in different sediment grain-size typologies. According to the proposed scenarios, simulation of resuspension indicated that particle deposition exceeded the burial thresholds (5.0 mm to rhodoliths and 6.3 mm for deep-water corals), while only in the continental shelf with fine sand seabed, the subsea pipeline removing didn’t represent burial risk for considered benthic organisms.
Gaussian fluctuations for the directed polymer partition function in dimension d≥3 and in the whole L2-region

We consider the discrete directed polymer model with i.i. d. environment and we study the fluctuations 8 of the tail n(W∞ − Wn) of the normalized partition function. It was proven by Comets and Liu [18], that 9 for sufficiently high temperature, the fluctuations converge in distribution towards the product of the limiting par10 tition function and an independent Gaussian random variable. We extend the result to the whole L-region, which 11 is predicted to be the maximal high-temperature region where the Gaussian fluctuations should occur under the 12 considered scaling. To do so, we manage to avoid the heavy 4th-moment computation and instead rely on the local 13 limit theorem for polymers [47, 49] and homogenization. 14 MSC 2010 subject classifications: Primary 60K37, 60K37; secondary 60F05. 15
INQUIRY BASED E-LEARNING SYSTEM USING PERSONALIZED KNOWLEDGE SEARCH

E-learning refers to the use of technology in learning and education which includes different types of media that deliver animation, text, audio, video and so on. E-learning has revolutionized the traditional learning process to a technology based educational approach. Having known the advantages of e-learning, we still face problems due to insufficient personalization of the searching process. In order to overcome this limitation, in this paper, we propose an idea of ‘inquiry based e-learning system’ to support efficient use of resources. Through this, instant assistance and personalized learning environment can be attained which in turn enhances the learner’s learning interests and satisfy their requirements to the best.
Chaining dynamics of a pair of ellipsoidal micro-particles under a uniform magnetic field

In this work, we numerically investigate particle-particle interactions and relative motions of a pair of paramagnetic elliptical particles by using the direct numerical simulations that resolve the magnetic and flow fields around the finite sized particles. The modeling is based on the finite element method and arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach with full consideration of particle-fluid-magnetic field interaction. The effects of initial position and aspect ratio of the particles are investigated. The results show that larger initial relative angles and distances, and larger aspect ratios tend to require more time to form a stable chain.
Closeness and distance: configurational practices for digital ambidexterity in the public sector

Purpose The purpose of this study is to increase the current understanding of how public sector organizations dynamically balance exploration and exploitation of digital initiatives, i.e. the enactment of digital ambidexterity. Design/methodology/approach This study uses Zimmermann, Raisch and Cardinal’s perspective of configurational practices for addressing the enactment of digital ambidexterity. The method comprises a qualitative, interpretative case study of a large municipality in Sweden, using both interviews and secondary data. Findings Through the perspective of configurational practices, the study identifies and describes a set of sub-practices that constitute the enactment of digital ambidexterity. This is then used for theorizing how configurational practices involve the balancing of closeness and distance. Research limitations/implications This study is limited by being a single, non-longitudinal case of a Swedish municipality that has implications for generalizability and transferability. Moreover, it opens up for new perspectives to the future study of the enactment of ambidexterity in the public sector. Practical implications Organizations striving for digital ambidexterity are recommended to use the configurational approach to assess and design their governance to build ambidextrous capabilities through a combination of closeness and distance. Social implications This study is aimed at strengthening public sectors abilities for continued relevance for its stakeholders over time. With increased need for digital innovation within the public sector, the findings and recommendations derived from the study lead to increased innovation capability, which in turn is expected to lead to increased relevance of services. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that addresses how ambidexterity is enacted within the public sector following the configurational approach. As such, it opens up for new perspectives on organizational ambidexterity.
The contribution of microbial communities in polymetallic nodules to the diversity of the deep-sea microbiome of the Peru Basin (4130–4198 m depth)

Abstract. Industrial-scale mining of deep-sea polymetallic nodules will remove nodules in large areas of the sea floor. The regrowth of the nodules by metal precipitation is estimated to take millions of years. Thus, for future mining impact studies, it is crucial to understand the role of nodules in shaping microbial diversity and function in deep-sea environments. Here we investigated microbial-community composition based on 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from sediments and nodules of the Peru Basin (4130–4198 m water depth). The nodule field of the Peru Basin showed a typical deep-sea microbiome, with dominance of the classes Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Acidimicrobiia. Nodules and sediments host distinct bacterial and archaeal communities, with nodules showing lower diversity and a higher proportion of sequences related to potential metal-cycling Bacteria (i.e. Magnetospiraceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae), bacterial and archaeal nitrifiers (i.e. AqS1, unclassified Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrosopumilus, Nitrospina, Nitrospira), and bacterial sequences found in the oceanic crust, nodules, hydrothermal deposits, and sessile fauna. Sediment and nodule communities overall shared a low proportion of operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 21 % for Bacteria and 19 % for Archaea). Our results show that nodules represent a specific ecological niche (i.e. hard substrate, high metal concentrations, and sessile fauna), with a potentially relevant role in organic-carbon degradation. Differences in nodule community composition (e.g. Mn-cycling bacteria, nitrifiers) between the Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) and the Peru Basin suggest that changes in environmental setting (e.g. sedimentation rates) also play a significant role in structuring the nodule microbiome.
In Vivo Human Gastrocnemius Architecture With Changing Joint Angle at Rest and During Graded Isometric Contraction of Normal and Weak Muscle

Architectural properties of the triceps surae muscles complex were determined In Vivo for thirty subjects. These subjects were assigned to two groups. The first group of subjects consisted of 8 healthy men and the second group of subjects was composed of 22 patients with motor disorders. The ankle was positioned at -15 ° (dorsiflexion), and 0 ° (neutral anatomical position), and 15 °, and 30 ° (plantarflexion), with the knee set at 120 °and with an angle in the ankle joint of 90 °. At each position, longitudinal ultrasonic images of the Medial (MG) and Lateral (LG) Gastrocnemius and Soleus (SOL) muscles were obtained while the subject was relaxed (passive) and performed 50 % maximal voluntary isometric plantar flexion (active), from which fascicle Lengths (L) and angles (Θ) with respect to the aponeuroses were determined. From the ultrasonic image, it was observed that and Θ changed during an isometric contraction of the triceps surae muscle. Changes in L and were expressed as a function of relative torque. The Θ change was not identical for the three muscles. The fascicle Θ of MG demonstrated the greatest variation in three muscles. The effects of activation and relaxation positions were significant in all three muscles. The differences in MG fascicle Θ because of changes in ankle positions were significant among control and patients both in the passive and active conditions. Fascicle Θ of LG and SOL not differed among control and patient in the relaxation condition but not in the activation condition. For LG, and SOL ol fascicle Θ were changes were larger in control with the patients. The mean values fascicle Θ of MG, LG, and SOL an isometric contraction (50 % MVC) in the control groups increased by 60 %, 41 %, and 41 %, respectively; in the patient groups were a smaller increase, by 28 %, 26 %, and 36 %, respectively. Different lengths and angles of fascicles, and their changes bу contraction by patients and normal subjects, might bе related to differences in force-producing capabilities of the muscles and elastic characteristics of tendons and aponeuroses.
The Impact of Devolution on Government Size and Provision of Social Services: Evidence from Pakistan

This paper provides empirical evidence on the association between post-2001 devolution reform policy, government size, and specifc components of government expenditures based on a sample of panel data of provincial units in Pakistan from 1990 to 2015. The results demonstrate that devolution is associated with a larger government size, which provides empirical support for the common-pool hypothesis, implying that the decentralization that matters for the size of the general government depends on how sub-national governments finance their expenditures. Moreover, the fndings suggest a signifcant increase in the magnitude of Health and education facilities at the local level following the devolution reforms.