Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Stable 3-D FDTD Method with Multiple Embedded Reduced-Order Models

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been widely used for its versatility in solving electromagnetic problems. However, the computational efficiency of FDTD can be significantly reduced in subgridding schemes, where a locally refined grid is adopted in the spatial domain. An emerging approach to accelerate FDTD subgridding is model order reduction (MOR), which can be used to compress the update equations of the refined regions. However, reduced-order models can easily introduce instability when embedded into an FDTD grid. In this paper, we propose a systematic strategy to couple multiple reduced models to a 3-D FDTD grid with guaranteed stability under the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) limit of the fine grid. Furthermore, the CFL limit of the entire scheme can be extended with a perturbation of the reduced model coefficients, which can further improve computational efficiency. A numerical example with two reduced-order models indicates the potential of the proposed algorithm.
Multiple Input-Terminal Voltage Multiplier Circuit

Voltage multipliers (VMs) are widely used not only in high voltage gain rectifier applications but also some traditional dc/dc converters to improve voltage conversion ratio. However, as the fixed number of its input-terminals, it is hard to traditional VM circuits to make a balance between the voltage and current stress on capacitors. In order to address such drawback of traditional VMs, a multiple input-terminal VM (MIVM) circuit is presented in this paper. The design flexibility of the proposed MIVM is better than traditional VMs. Analysis of the operation principles and the performance characteristics of the proposed MIVM circuit are presented in detail. And the efficacy of the theoretical analysis is validated experimentally.
Proteomic Characterization of Bacillus Subtilis on Bio-degumming of Ramie Bast

ABSTRACT Ramie bast is a kind of multipurpose biological material. Selective bio-degradation of ramie bast compounds is an important step to partial utilization of complex polysaccharides. Bacillus subtilis is a kind of dominant species with its ability to degrade ramie bast. In order to understand how polysaccharides were catalyzed and utilized in the metabolism of the bacteria, the proteome of B. subtilis strain 168 was analyzed in the presence of ramie bast as sole carbon source, and the cells were grown in glucose as a reference proteome. In total, 2129 proteins are identified, 1871 proteins were used for quantification between different growth conditions, and 363 proteins were differentially expressed under ramie bast and glucose culturing environment. The carbon source affected the abundance of proteins related to carbohydrate transporters via cell membrane, specific reducing sugars degradation pathway, and central carbon metabolism. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA levels of four extracellular enzymes participated in polysaccharides degradation were upregulated under ramie bast condition. This study is the first time to uncover comprehensive information on the proteome response of B. subtilis to ramie bast degradation, and may provide important scientific basis for constructing engineering strains in selective extraction of polysaccharide components in ramie bast.
Voltage Regulation and Power Management for Wireless Flow Sensor Node Self-Powered by Energy Harvester With Enhanced Reliability

This paper reports a voltage regulation method with power management to enhance the reliability and stability of the self-powered flow rate sensor. Triboelectric energy harvesters are used both as the sensing signals and the power supply. One channel of the raw voltage from wind flow is regulated to a stable signal by the integral circuit, while the other channel is used for energy harvesting to provide the power for the whole circuit. Power management chip with ultra-low power consumption has been utilized with micro controller unit and antenna for wireless transmission. A low deviation of less than 2.5% has been achieved for the flow sensing signal and the temperature has also been monitored simultaneously, which shows promising application for the central air-conditioning system in smart buildings.
Adsorption of Metals from FAME of Nigerian Spent Vegetable Oils Using Waste Printing Paper: Non-Food Option for Biodiesel to Safe Food Security and Environment (Part II)

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from spent vegetable oils requires pre and or post-transesterification treatment to meet International norms for biodiesel. The present study assessed the potential of waste printing paper (WPP) as post-transesterification treatment for adsorption of metals from FAME obtained from Nigerian neat and spent vegetable oils (NSpVOs). The WPP adsorbent was prepared according to Moyib et al. (2017). The adsorption experiments for the removal of single metal ions were carried out using 10 mL FAME samples, 1.0 g WPP at a constant 25 o C, pH 6 for 60 min. At the end of the contact time, alkali metals in FAMEs were estimated according to EN 14108 and EN 14109 for Na and K, respectively and alkaline and heavy metals followed AOAC (2005). The results revealed WPP was able to reduce the metal content in the FAME to acceptable limit level and also, enhanced biofuel properties such as acid value (AV) and Conradson carbon (CC) but with loss of minute FAME. Cluster analysis distinguished FAMEs after and before WPP adsorption treatment. Part I and II of this study show feasibility for diversifying Nigerian spent vegetable oils as non-food option for production of biodiesel and achieve low carbon footprint. Also, WPP as locally available and cheap adsorbent showed good potential as post-transesterification treatment of FAME to desirable quality.
Enhanced solubility and reduced crystallinity of carotenoids, β-carotene and astaxanthin, by Z
-isomerization

The impact of the Z‐isomer content of carotenoids, β‐carotene and astaxanthin, on their solubility in organic solvents and crystallinity is investigated. Carotenoid samples containing different Z‐isomer contents are prepared from the high‐purity all‐E‐isomers by the thermal isomerization and filtering technique: β‐carotene, 27.4% and 89.8% Z‐isomer content; astaxanthin, 34.5% and 63.2% Z‐isomer content. As the Z‐isomer content of the carotenoids increases, their relative solubility markedly improves, e.g., the solubility in ethanol of β‐carotene containing 89.8% Z‐isomer is ≈250 times higher than that of the all‐E‐isomer. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses clearly indicate that the (all‐E)‐carotenoids are present in the crystal state, while the Z‐isomers are present in an amorphous state. A number of studies have reported that the Z‐isomerization of carotenoids induced changes in bioavailability and antioxidant activity. This may be due to the change in physicochemical properties such as solubility and crystallinity by Z‐isomerization. In addition, these changes are important information for improving carotenoid processing. Practical Applications: Carotenoids in plants occur predominantly in the all‐E‐configuration, whereas the Z‐isomers are present in the human body in considerable quantity. Since (all‐E)‐carotenoids have low solubility in solvents and high crystallinity, efficiencies of those processing such as solvent extraction, micronization, and emulsification are low. However, this study experimentally reveals that solubilities of carotenoids, β‐carotene and astaxanthin, are significantly improved and crystallinities of them are reduced by Z‐isomerization. These fundamental data should contribute to improvement of carotenoids processing efficiency. The effect of the Z‐isomer content of carotenoids, β‐carotene and astaxanthin, on their solubility in organic solvents and crystallinity is investigated. Increasing the Z‐isomer contents of the carotenoids, those solubility improved and those crystallinity reduced.
Patch-type Wireless Forehead Vital Sensing Device

This paper reports a wearable vital sensing device towards medical analysis with artificial intelligent. Recently, there have been many researches related to medical analysis with artificial intelligent. Current researches are analysis based on stored data in hospitals. The amount of data for analysis gradually increases according to focusing on the medical analysis. However, depending on the increase, the burden of servers or host computers increase as well. In order to decrease the amount of processing, the concept of “edge computing” is proposed. The optimization of the system on wearable devices is required to realize the concept. Here, in this study, we demonstrate a wearable vital sensing device which detects oxygen level in blood based on a pulse oximeter and heart beat pulse for edge computing.
Non-Classical Anionic Naked N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Fundamental Properties and Emerging Applications in Synthesis and Catalysis

Ongoing research exploring the chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has led to the development and discovery of new NHC subclasses that deviate beyond Arduengo’s prototypical N,N′-disubstituted imidazol-2-ylidene-based structures. These systems continue to enable and extend the fundamental role of NHC ligands in synthesis and catalysis. In this regard, the advent of protic NHCs has garnered particular interest. This derives in part from their applications to the selective preparation of unique molecular scaffolds and their unprecedented bifunctional reactivity, which can be exploited in transition metal-catalyzed processes. In comparison, the synthetic applications of closely related anionic naked NHCs remain rather underexplored. With this in mind, this review highlights the interesting fundamental properties of non-classical anionic naked NHCs, and focuses on their emerging applications in synthesis and catalysis.
Polarization and cell-fate decision facilitated by the adaptor Ste50p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Polarization or directional growth is a major morphological change that occurs in yeast cells during pheromone response to mate with the opposite partner. In the pheromone signaling pathway, the adaptor Ste50 is required to bind MAP3K Ste11 for proper polarization; cells lacking Ste50 are impaired in polarization. Direct involvement of Ste50 in the polarization process has not been explored systematically. Here, we used single-cell fluorescent time-lapse microscopy to characterize Ste50 involvement in the establishment of cell polarity. We found early localization of Ste50 patches on the cell cortex that mark the point of shmoo initiation, these polarity sites move, and patches remain associated with the growing shmoo tip in a pheromone concentration-dependent manner until shmoo maturation. By quantitative analysis we show that polarization corelates with the rising levels of Ste50 enabling rapid individual cell responses to pheromone that corresponds to a critical level of Ste50 at the initial G1 phase. Suggesting Ste50 to be a pheromone responsive gene. We exploited the quantitative differences in the pattern of Ste50 expression to corelate with the cell-cell phenotypic heterogeneity showing Ste50 involvement in the cellular differentiation choices. Taken together, these findings present spatiotemporal localization of Ste50 during yeast polarization, suggesting that Ste50 is a component of the polarisome, and plays a critical role in regulating the polarized growth of shmoo during pheromone response.
Probe electrospray ionization of mixture solutions using metal needles with different tip conditions

Time‐dependent mass spectra of mixture solutions of cytochrome c and cholesterol were measured by probe electrospray ionization (PESI) mass spectrometry and the PESI characteristics for several metal needles were investigated with different tip conditions. For a mixture solution of cytochrome c and cholesterol in 0.1% formic acid methanol/water (1/1) at a motion frequency of 1 Hz, an acupuncture needle with a sharp tip and 0.5‐mm‐diameter titanium and stainless‐steel wire needles gave strong cytochrome c and extremely weak cholesterol ion signals. When the frequency was lowered, and the high‐voltage duration increased, the titanium and stainless‐steel needles provided both cytochrome c and cholesterol ion signals with high intensities well separated over time.
Preparation and characterization of hydroxyapatite/titania nanocomposite coatings on titanium by electrophoretic deposition

Hydroxyapatite (HA)/titania nanocomposite coatings with varied compositions were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method on titanium substrates. The EPD kinetics decreased more prominently with time in case of suspensions with higher amount of titania nanoparticles. The cracking induced by sintering decreased and finally completely disappeared by increasing the titania content in the suspensions (≥50 wt%). The adhesion strength of coatings also increased with titania content in suspensions. Cell culture experiments showed that the coating deposited from the suspension with 50 wt% of titania nanoparticles has the highest cell growth efficiency. Considering the results obtained by microstructural (crack formation), adhesion and cell culture analysis, the coating deposited from the suspension with 50 wt% of titania nanoparticles was regarded as the optimum. The optimum coating showed high bioactivity and its surface covered completely with thick apatite layer after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 week. The application of optimum coating on the titanium substrate considerably decreased its corrosion rate in SBF.
The Shortest Path Problem and Its Critical Edge in Uncertain Environment

In order to make strategic, tactical and operational decisions for the shortest path in an uncertain environment. Firstly, the information transmission time expectation-variance shortest path model in uncertain environment is proposed. Secondly, to avoid the interruption of information transmission caused by sudden situations, a fuzzy shortest path critical edge model is established. Then, an improved ant colony algorithm with traffic congestion factor and random variables is developed. Finally, to assess the performance of Improved ant colony algorithm, experiments on a set of 6 benchmark test functions are conducted, and numerical examples of these models are given to illustrate its effectiveness.
Simulating single-cell metabolism using a stochastic flux-balance analysis algorithm

Stochasticity from gene expression in single cells is known to drive metabolic heterogeneity at the level of cellular populations, which is understood to have important consequences for issues such as microbial drug tolerance and treatment of human diseases like cancer. Despite considerable advancements in profiling the genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes of single cells, it remains difficult to experimentally characterise their metabolism at genome-scale. Computational methods could bridge this gap toward a systems understanding of single-cell biology. To address this challenge, we developed stochastic simulation algorithm with flux-balance analysis embedded (SSA-FBA), a computational framework for simulating the stochastic dynamics of the metabolism of individual cells using genome-scale metabolic models with experimental estimates of gene expression and enzymatic reaction rate parameters. SSA-FBA extends the constraint-based modelling formalism of metabolic network modelling to the single-cell regime, enabling simulation when experimentation is intractable. We also developed an efficient implementation of SSA-FBA that leverages the topology of embedded FBA models to significantly reduce the computational cost of simulation. As a preliminary case study, we built a reduced single-cell model of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and used SSA-FBA to illustrate the role of stochasticity on the dynamics of metabolism at the single-cell level. SIGNIFICANCE Due to fundamental challenges limiting the experimental characterisation of metabolism within individual cells, computational methods are needed to help infer the metabolic behaviour of single cells from information about their transcriptomes and proteomes. In this paper, we present SSA-FBA, the first systematic framework for modelling the stochastic dynamics of single cells at the level of genome-scale metabolic reaction networks. We provide a robust and efficient algorithm for simulating SSA-FBA models, and apply it to a case study involving the metabolism, RNA and protein synthesis and turnover of a single Mycoplasma pneumoniae cell.
A METHOD FOR POLISHING ALBUMIN

(51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C07K 1/16 (2006.01) A61K 38/38 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, C07K 14/76 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (21) International Application Number: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/AU2013/000836 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (22) International Filing Date: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 26 July 2013 (26.07.2013) MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, (25) Filing Language: English SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN,
HOW TECHNOLOGIES WILL AFFECT THE FUTURE OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL TOURISM

International tourism is a major sector of the global economy. Some countries owe much of their gross domestic product to various types of tourism including the medical ones. Мedical tourism is not typical for every country or region. For this reason certain countries are classified as medical destinations. Over the last few decades, the technological development has changed healthcare at all. However, an important question is what will happen with medical tourism in future. Artificial Intelligence is a prerequisite for a fundamental change in international trade in medical services. Something more, the pandemic situation of 2020 worldwide leads to less realized international travels and less mobility. This creates the need of a change in the way medical services are provided in an international aspect. In order to make a forecast whether the technologies can possibly affect the way of supplying and trading medical services, forecasts for the development of high medical technologies market are summarized. The presented forecasts cover a period between 5 and 10 years and contribute to the conclusions in the article. Compared to the historical development of medical technologies in general аn opinion for the future of medical tourism in long-term is expressed.
A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on ZIF-8–acetylene black–chitosan nanocomposites for rutin detection

Herein, we fabricated a sensitive rutin electrochemical sensor via modifying glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and acetylene black (AB) in the presence of chitosan (CS). The electrochemical activity and experimental parameters of the ZIF-8-AB-CS/GCE sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the optimal conditions, the sensor presented a reasonable linear response in the range of 0.1–10 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.004 μM (S/N = 3). The sensor possessed good reproducibility and high stability, and was successfully applied to detect rutin tablet samples with satisfactory results, which was attributed to the synergistic effect between ZIF-8 and AB. Meanwhile, the sensor displayed a potential application for detection of other analytes in real samples. Furthermore, a probable interaction mechanism was proposed to account for the interaction between rutin and the nanocomposite electrode, which was not discussed in previous reports.
Can information really change travel behaviour ? Controlling for 1 endogeneity in modelling the e ect of feedback information

8 As congestion and pollution increase in our cities, there is much interest in cost-e ective 9 ways to encourage use of active and public modes of transport. We tested the e cacy of 10 passively providing information to travellers to persuade them to increase their use of such 11 modes. We tracked the travel behaviour of 454 individuals for two weeks. At the beginning 12 of the second week, we split them into three groups receiving either: (i) no information, 13 (ii) information about their own travel behaviour, or (iii) information comparing their travel 14 behaviour to that of other similar participants. We analysed the data using a di erence-in15 di erence approach, correcting for the endogeneity of information type (iii) using the 2-stage 16 least square approach. Our results, unlike other studies in the literature, reveal no signi cant 17 e ect of providing information to participants. While this could be due to our experimental 18 settings, we believe previous positive results could have been due to ignoring the in uence 19 of endogeneity on comparative information. Indeed, participants' unobserved characteristics 20 (e.g. being sedentary) could in uence both their original use of active modes as well as their 21 reaction to the information, and controlling for this shows that the impact of the information 22 provision is negligible. 23 24
View analysis of personal information leakage and privacy protection in big data era - based on Q method

PurposeIn the era of big data, people are more likely to pay attention to privacy protection with facing the risk of personal information leakage while enjoying the convenience brought by big data technology. Furthermore, people’s views on personal information leakage and privacy protection are varied, playing an important role in the legal process of personal information protection. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a semi-qualitative method based framework to reveal the subjective patterns about information leakage and privacy protection and further provide practical implications for interested party.Design/methodology/approachQ method is a semi-qualitative methodology which is designed for identifying typologies of perspectives. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of users’ viewpoints, this study incorporates LDA & TextRank method and other information extraction technologies to capture the statements from large-scale literature, app reviews, typical cases and survey interviews, which could be regarded as the resource of the viewpoints.FindingsBy adopting the Q method that aims for studying subjective thought patterns to identify users’ potential views, the authors have identified three categories of stakeholders’ subjectivities: macro-policy sensitive, trade-offs and personal information sensitive, each of which perceives different risk and affordance of information leakage and importance and urgency of privacy protection. All of the subjectivities of the respondents reflect the awareness of the issue of information leakage, that is, the interested parties like social network sites are unable to protect their full personal information, while reflecting varied resistance and susceptibility of disclosing personal information for big data technology applications.Originality/valueThe findings of this study provide an overview of the subjective patterns on the information leakage issue. Being the first to incorporate the Q method to study the views of personal information leakage and privacy protection, the research not only broadens the application field of the Q method but also enriches the research methods for personal information protection. Besides, the proposed LDA & TextRank method in this paper alleviates the limitation of statements resource in the Q method.