Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Things Are Not Always What They Seem: The Origins and Evolution of Intragroup Conflict*

Teams scholars have historically conceptualized and measured intragroup conflict at the team level. But emerging evidence suggests that perceptions of intragroup conflict are often not uniform, shared, or static. These findings suggest important questions about the microfoundations of intragroup conflict: Where does conflict within teams originate? And how does it evolve over time? We address these and other questions in three abductive studies. We consider four origination points—an individual, dyad, subgroup, or team—and three evolutionary trajectories—conflict continuity, contagion, and concentration. Study 1, a qualitative study of narrative accounts, and Study 2, a longitudinal social networks study of student teams, reveal that fewer than 30 percent of teams experience team-level conflict. Instead, conflict more commonly originates and persists at individual, dyadic, or subgroup levels. Study 2 further demonstrates that traditional psychometric intragroup conflict scales mask the existence of these various origins and trajectories of conflict. Study 3, a field study of manufacturing teams, reveals that individual and dyadic task conflict origins positively predict team performance, whereas traditional intragroup task conflict measures negatively predict team performance. The results raise serious concerns about current methods and theory in the team conflict literature and suggest that researchers must go beyond team-level conceptualizations of conflict.
Atypical Renal Cysts: Is MRI a Compulsory Examination in 2020 before Therapeutic Management?

Introduction: Kidney cancer represents 2% to 3% of malignant tumors, with an incidence of 5.8/100,000 in Western countries, a very specific subgroup of renal tumors that are cystic tumors. In fact, almost 50% of the population over 50 has a renal cyst. Materials and Methods: The objective of this study is to establish a correlation between the preoperative Bosniak score and the postoperative anatomopathological analysis in order to answer this question, the use of contrast ultrasound or MRI should be systematically performed before an atypical renal cyst? This is a retrospective study of 50 patients treated for renal cysts between January 2010 and March 2016. All patients have an abdominopelvic ultrasound and an abdominal scanner. Cysts have been classified according to the Bosniak classification. We treated our patients based on the radiological examination urocsanner and we classified our patients according to the classification of Bosniak, and uro MRI was performed in cases of atypical cysts or diagnostic doubt before considering a therapeutic attituderding to the classification of Bosniak. Results: In our work, the Uro MRI was sharper for atypical cysts (type IIF and Type III cyst) with sensitivity greater than that of the scanner but with a specificity similar to that of the scanner. And therefore be a key examination in the atypical kidney cysts. Conclusions: URO MRI is currently in 2020 a key examination of atypical bonsiak IIf and III cysts before management of the therapeutic load.
Genetic analysis of first lactation production and fertility traits in Karan Fries cattle

The present investigation encompasses the genetic analysis of first lactation production and fertility performance of Karan Fries cattle. Data were collected on 1,988 cows maintained at National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, Haryana over a period of 34 years (1978 to 2012). Least squares analysis was carried out to study the effect of non-genetic factors, viz. season of first calving (SC), period of first calving (PC), genetic group (GG) and age at first calving group (AFCG) on first lactation fertility and production traits. Least squares means of age at first calving (AFC), first calving to first service (FCFS), first service period (FSP), first lactation length (FLL), first calving interval (FCI), first lactation 305 day or less milk yield (F305MY), first lactation total milk yield (FTMY), milk yield per day of first lactation length (MY/FLL), milk yield per day of first calving interval (MY/FCI) and first lactation daughter pregnancy rate (FDPR) were 957.48±6.54 days, 79.46±3.58 days, 130.03±4.43 days, 347.02±5.51 days, 415.47±5.21 days, 3,213.91±47.61 kg, 3,760.49±74.27 kg, 10.49±0.12 kg/day, 9.14±0.13 kg/ day and 0.33±1.42, respectively. Overview of least squares analysis regarding first lactation traits indicated that most of the non-genetic factors excepting AFC group, significantly affected the performance of the animal. Results revealed the superiority of F1 over other GG of Karan Fries cows indicating a significant effect of heterosis. Heritability estimated by both analysis of variance and average information restricted maximum likelihood methods indicated that the fertility traits were less affected by additive gene action; the estimates for production traits indicated higher role of additive gene action. Both phenotypic and genetic correlation estimates indicated antagonistic association between fertility and production traits.
Comparison of pre-fire and post-fire space use reveals varied responses by woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the Boreal Shield

By regulating successional dynamics in Canada’s boreal forest, fires can affect the distribution of the Threatened woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)). Caribou tend to avoid areas burned within the last 40 years; however, few studies have compared pre-fire and post-fire caribou observations. In this study, we used caribou GPS locations from the Boreal Shield of Saskatchewan, Canada, to assess the short-term response of caribou to areas that burned while they were collared (hereafter recent burns). We used a “before–after, control–impact” design to compare the overlap of pre-fire and post-fire seasonal home ranges to the overlap of year-to-year seasonal home ranges. Caribou rarely encountered recent burns and when they did, they adjusted their space use in variable and complex ways that were largely indistinguishable from regular, interannual variation. Caribou tended to reduce use of recent burns in summer–autumn and winter, but not during the calving season, in some cases shifting their home range to incorporate more burned habitat. We conclude that recently burned areas (<5 years) may provide habitat value to woodland caribou, particularly during the calving season, requiring a more flexible approach to interpret fire in habitat management strategies.
A review of Gemixystus Iredale, 1929 (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from Australia and New Zealand

Gemixystus Iredale, 1929 is revised and Apixystus Iredale, 1929 is treated as a synonym. Sixteen species are reviewed: G. fimbriatus n.sp. (Récent: New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania); G. laminatus (Petterd, 1884) (Récent: S Queensland to Tasmania), G. leptos (Houart, 1995) (Récent: S Queensland and Chesterfield Reefs), G. polyphiUiiis (TenisonWoods, 1879) (Récent: New South Wales and S Tasmania; fossil: Miocène, Victoria), G. recurvatus (Verco, 1909) (Récent: New South Wales and South Australia); G. rhodanos n.sp. (Récent: S Queensland to Tasmania), G. rippingalei (Houart, 1998) (Récent: Queensland), G. stimuleus (Hedley, 1908) (Récent: S Queensland and New South Wales), G. apipagodus (Fonder, 1972) (Upper Eocene: Oamaru, New Zealand), G. cornes (Maxwell, 1992) (Eocene, New Zealand); G. hypselhts (Tate, 1888) (Eocene: Adelaide Bore, Australia), G. icosiphyUus (Tate, 1888) (Eocene: Adelaide Bore, Austraha), G. protocarinatus (Laws, 1941) (Early Miocène: Pakaurangi Point, New Zealand), G. zébra n. sp. (Early and Middle Miocène: New Zealand) and two still unidentified fossil species from New Zealand. AU the identified species are described and illustrated, and their distribution is shown on a map. Three new species are described. Lectotypes are designated for G. hypseUiis (Tate, 1888) and G. icosiphyUus (Tate, 1888).
Non-invasive Enumeration of Cortisol Metabolite Level to evaluate stress response in Gaurs (Bos gaurus) to predict fitness

Gaurs are docile animals and keep clear far distances from people and habitations but now there is a chain in the scenario, gaurs are moving into human habitations and agricultural lands. The study was carried out to assess the faecal cortisol concentration in gaurs entering the agricultural fields around the forest, in order to arrive at the baseline values contributing to the stress factors that predict the fitness parameters. The adjoining areas of Bandipur wildlife region, Sathyamangalam wildlife region and Anamalai wildlife region of Tamil Nadu, India were included in this study programme. Faecal samples were collected from gaurs in each of these areas. The mean faecal cortisol concentration in the case of gaurs that entered in the agricultural fields adjoining the Bandipur wildlife region, Sathyamangalam and Anamalai region were found using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The occurrences of conflict, feed availability, water, co existence of predators and other competitive species were also taken into account and anthropogenic stressors as well play an important role in these animals. Suitable management related measures were recommended pertaining to the findings observed in this study like increased mean faecal cortisol concentration in gaurs. The findings demonstrated that fecal glucocorticoid assays provide an index of physiological stress in gaurs. These techniques may prove useful in addressing conservation and conflict issues and also directly interpret the degree of fitness of the
Molecular clocks and rates of evolution in marine invertebrates

This research was supported by an International Graduate Studies Scholarship to TLQ (315757) from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) in partnership with the University of Guelph, and by a research grant to Sarah J. Adamowicz from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC; Discovery Grants 2010-386591 and 2016-06199).
The impact of university reputation on employment opportunities: Experimental evidence from Bolivia

Higher education enrolment and graduation rates have increased rapidly inter-generationally across much of the world, offering employers the promise of more knowledgeable recruits and promising individuals new means of social advancement. In the case of Bolivia, the labour force is becoming more heterogeneous over time, which could imply positive effects induced by a closer match between labour supply and recruiters’ needs. However, we show that this is not the case. We revisit the transition mechanisms from college to the workplace, positing recruiters’ interpretations of educational credentials as a crucial determining factor for employability in the formal sector. In a two-branch correspondence study, 2848 fictitious CVs were sent to 1424 formal firms in the three main urban Bolivian areas. We find a large university reputation premium. Applicants from well-valued universities are around 40% more likely to receive a positive response – a 2.25 percentage point advantage from a 7.87% baseline likelihood. Thus, the increasingly heterogeneous labour force is generating additional informational frictions in the labour market, rather than promoting a more efficient matching process. JEL Codes: I25, J24, C93
Low Voltage Delay Element with Dynamic Biasing Technique for Fully Integrated Cold-Start in Battery-Assistance DC Energy Harvesting Systems

This paper proposes an ultra-low voltage delay element for battery-assistance DC energy harvesting systems. By inserting a low voltage level shifter (VLS), a wider voltage range is obtained to bias the body of the delay element. Thus, both the voltage transfer curve (VTC) and the DC gain of the delay element are enhanced. Due to the introduction of the VLS, the cold start-up ring oscillator constituted by the proposed delay element can achieve oscillation under an extremely low input voltage. The fully integrated cold start-up ring oscillator with 21 stages of the proposed element is implemented in a standard 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The post-layout experimental results indicate that the cold start-up ring oscillator can retain oscillation when the power supply voltage (VDD) is 24 mV under a typical corner at room temperature. The output voltage swing of the cold start-up ring oscillator based on the proposed delay element is improved by more than 55% under VDD = 40 mV compared with a stacked inverter-based cold start-up ring oscillator. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation from 100 samples shows the enhanced output swing with the proposed delay element under process variation.
The Relationship between Hormones, Glucose, and Oxidative Damage Is Condition and Stress Dependent in a Free-Living Passerine Bird

Physiological state is an emergent property of the interactions among physiological systems within an intricate network. Understanding the connections within this network is one of the goals in physiological ecology. Here, we studied the relationship between body condition, two neuroendocrine hormones (corticosterone and insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]) as physiological regulators, and two physiological systems related to resource metabolism (glucose) and oxidative balance (malondialdehyde). We measured these traits under baseline and stress-induced conditions in free-living house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We used path analysis to analyze different scenarios about the structure of the physiological network. Our data were most consistent with a model in which corticosterone was the major regulator under baseline conditions. This model shows that individuals in better condition have lower corticosterone levels; corticosterone and IGF-1 levels are positively associated; and oxidative damage is higher when levels of corticosterone, IGF-1, and glucose are elevated. After exposure to acute stress, these relationships were considerably reorganized. In response to acute stress, birds increased their corticosterone and glucose levels and decreased their IGF-1 levels. However, individuals in better condition increased their corticosterone levels more and better maintained their IGF-1 levels in response to acute stress. The acute stress–induced changes in corticosterone and IGF-1 levels were associated with an increase in glucose levels, which in turn was associated with a decrease in oxidative damage. We urge ecophysiologists to focus more on physiological networks, as the relationships between physiological traits are complex and dynamic during the organismal stress response.
Bacteriological Studies on Fishes Affected with Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome is one of the most well known fish diseases that has caused disastrous effects throughout India after its first outbreak in 1988. Since then recurrences in varying intensities are reported every year. Bacteriological examination of the ulcerated area of affected C. punctatus, Puntius sp. and Mystus sp. revealed the presence of 16 strains of bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Vibrio and Moraxella among which Pseudomonas and Aeromonas were the most common. Pathogenicity tests with all the isolates showed that only six strains belonging to the genus Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were pathogenic while the rest were nonpathogenic. The distinct inconsistency in the type of pathogenic bacteria isolated from the three fish species suggests that these are opportunistic pathogens that have invaded the fish secondarily.
A Three-Phase Weather-Dependent Power Flow Approach for 4-Wire Multi-Grounded Unbalanced Microgrids With Bare Overhead Conductors

Conventional power flow algorithms assume that the network resistances and reactances remain constant regardless of the weather and loading conditions. Although the impact of the weather in power flow analysis has been recently investigated via weather-dependent power flow (WDPF) approaches, the magnetic effects in the core of Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) conductors have not been explicitly considered. ACSR conductors are widely used in distribution networks. Therefore, this manuscript proposes a three-phase weather-dependent power flow algorithm for 4-wire multi-grounded unbalanced microgrids (MGs), which takes into consideration the impact of weather as well as the magnetic effects in the core of ACSR conductors. It is shown that the magnetic effects in the core can significantly influence the power flow results, especially for networks composed of single-layer ACSR conductors. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm explicitly considers the multi-grounded neutral conductor, thus it can precisely simulate unbalanced low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) networks. In addition, the proposed approach is generic and can be applied in both grid-connected and islanded networks. Simulations conducted in a 25-Bus unbalanced LV microgrid (MG) highlight the accuracy and benefit of the proposed approach, while its computation performance is tested in the IEEE 8500-Node network.
Assessment of wound healing of tagged gray (Eschrichtius robustus) and blue (Balaenoptera musculus) whales in the eastern North Pacific using long‐term series of photographs

Tags have been used to examine migration routes and habitat use of large whales for >40 yr, however, evaluation of tag wound healing has largely been short-term, anecdotal or generalized. This study developed methods for systematic photographic assessment of long-term external consequences of tag placement, to determine potential differences in wound healing between species and tag types and thus advise future tagging efforts to possibly minimize undesirable side effects. Tag site appearance and healing characteristics were evaluated by two reviewers and a time series evaluated by five veterinarians from photographs during 995 postdeployment encounters with 34 gray and 63 blue whales tagged in the North Pacific. Blue whale resightings were less frequent, but spanned a longer time period due to earlier tag deployments than the more frequent gray whale follow-up observations. Swelling occurred in 74% of reencountered gray whales, with the highest frequency 6 mo postdeployment. Swellings were common in blue whales with early tag designs but rare with current models. Depressions occurred in 82% of gray and 71% of blue whales. This study demonstrates the value of follow-up studies of tagged animals and systematic scoring of photographs to quantitatively compare tag response.
Road-Based Multi-Metric Forwarder Evaluation for Multipath Video Streaming in Urban Vehicular Communication

In video streaming over vehicular communication, optimal selection of a video packet forwarder is a daunting issue due to the dynamic nature of Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs)and the high data rates of video. In most of the existing studies, extensive considerations of the essential metrics have not been considered. In order to achieve quality video streaming in vehicular network, important metrics for link connectivity and bandwidth efficiency need to be employed to minimize video packet error and losses. In order to address the aforementioned issues, a Road-based Multi-metric Forwarder Evaluation scheme for Multipath Video Streaming (RMF-MVS) has been proposed. The RMF-MVS scheme is adapted to be a Dynamic Self-Weighting score (DSW) (RMF-MVS+DSW) for forwarder vehicle selection. The scheme is based on multipath transmission. The performance of the scheme is evaluated using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural SIMilarity index (SSIM), Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) and End-to-End Delay (E2ED) metrics. The proposed scheme is compared against two baseline schemes including Multipath Solution with Link and Node Disjoint (MSLND) and Multimedia Multi-metric Map-aware Routing Protocol (3MRP) with DSW (3MRP+DSW). The comparative performance assessment results justify the benefit of the proposed scheme based on various video streaming related metrics.
The killing of Cecil the Lion as an impetus for policy change

Abstract The killing of Cecil the Lion in July 2015 generated considerable media attention worldwide. We measured public interest in Cecil's death to examine the degree to which this high-profile incident represented the type of focusing event that public policy scholars often emphasize as being important for triggering policy change. Finding that public interest in lion conservation spiked in the weeks immediately following the incident, we then analysed whether this focusing event led to policy changes to restrict trophy hunting in eight countries (USA, Spain, France, Russia, Canada, South Africa, Germany and Mexico) that most frequently import lion Panthera leo trophies. The surge in public attention seems to have had only a limited impact on the adoption of significant new policy, although it may have hastened changes in some countries.
Kinematic Modeling and Analysis of a Novel Bio-Inspired and Cable-Driven Hybrid Shoulder Mechanism

The robotic shoulder rehabilitation exoskeletons that do not take into consideration all shoulder degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) lead to undesirable interaction forces and cause discomfort to the patient due to the joint axes misalignments between the exoskeleton and shoulder joints. In order to contribute to the solution of this human–robot compatibility issue, we present the kinematic modeling and analysis of a novel bio-inspired 5-DOFs hybrid human–robot mechanism (HRM). The human limbs are regarded as the inner passive restrained links in the proposed hybrid constrained anthropomorphic mechanism. The proposed hybrid mechanism combines serial and parallel manipulators with rigid and cable links enabling a match between human and exoskeleton joint axes. It is designed to cover the whole range of motion of the human shoulder with the workspace free of singularities. The numerical and simulation results from the computer-aided drawing model of the mechanism are presented to demonstrate the validity of the kinematic model, and the kinematic and singularity merits of the proposed mechanism. A three-dimensional printed prototype of the hybrid mechanism was fabricated to further validate the kinematic model and its overall advantages.