Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imaging Integrin Expression in Living Subjects Engineered Knottin Peptides : A New Class of Agents for

There is a critical need for molecular imaging agents to detect cell surface integrin receptors that are present in human cancers. Previously, we used directed evolution to engineer knottin peptides that bind with high affinity (f10 to 30 nmol/L) to integrin receptors that are overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells and the tumor neovasculature. To evaluate these peptides as molecular imaging agents, we sitespecifically conjugated Cy5.5 or Cu-1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclododecane-N,N¶,N00,N -tetraacetic acid (DOTA) to their N termini, and used optical and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to measure their uptake and biodistribution in U87MG glioblastoma murine xenograft models. NIR fluorescence and microPET imaging both showed that integrin binding affinity plays a strong role in the tumor uptake of knottin peptides. Tumor uptake at 1 hour postinjection for two high-affinity (IC50, f20 nmol/L) Cu-DOTA–conjugated knottin peptides was 4.47% F 1.21% and 4.56% F 0.64% injected dose/gram (%ID/g), compared with a low-affinity knottin peptide (IC50, f0.4 Mmol/L; 1.48 F 0.53%ID/g) and c(RGDyK) (IC50, f1 Mmol/L; 2.32 F 0.55%ID/g), a low-affinity cyclic pentapeptide under clinical development. Furthermore, Cu-DOTA–conjugated knottin peptides generated lower levels of nonspecific liver uptake (f2%ID/g) compared with c(RGDyK) (f4%ID/g) 1 hour postinjection. MicroPET imaging results were confirmed by in vivo biodistribution studies. Cu-DOTA–conjugated knottin peptides were stable in mouse serum, and in vivo metabolite analysis showed minimal degradation in the blood or tumor upon injection. Thus, engineered integrin-binding knottin peptides show great potential as clinical diagnostics for a variety of cancers. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):2435–42]
Ridge sowing improves root system, phosphorus uptake, growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids.

Adequate and balanced supply of essential nutrients, promising cultivars and improved planting methods are prime important to realize the maximum potential of differe nt maize hybrids.This study was conducted to evaluate the response of different planting methods on rooting system, crop growth, phosphorus (P) uptake and yield of different maize (maysL.) hybrids.Three maize hybrids viz. 6621 (H 1), 919 (H 2) and KS-64 (H3) were planted in flat sowing (P1= 75 cm spaced rows), ridge sowing (P
When does good envy turn into bad envy? The relationship between benign and malicious envy

Previous research has distinguished between forms of envious reactions - malicious envy that is characterized by hostile feelings leading to negative consequences for firms and benign envy that is free of hostility and leading to positive consequences. In this paper, we focus on identifying conditions when benign envy can turn into malicious envy. Results show that perceived attractiveness of the purchase to others (vs. to the self) and tendency to engage in ability-oriented comparisons positively moderates the relationship between benign and malicious envy. In contrast, tendency to engage in opinion-orientated comparisons negatively moderates the relationship between benign and malicious envy.
Treatment-Selection Bias Endocarditis : Use of Propensity Score and Instrumental Variable Methods to Adjust for Analysis of the Impact of Early Surgery on In-Hospital Mortality of Native Valve

Chipigina, Damon P. Eisen, Denis Spelman, Francois Delahaye, Gail Peterson, Lars Olaison and Tan, Richard Watkin, Adina Ionac, Asuncion Moreno, Carlos A. Mestres, José Casabé, Natalia Ru-San Vance G. Fowler, Jr, G. Ralph Corey, Vivian H. Chu, Michael Fenely, Orathai Pachirat, Tahaniyat Lalani, Christopher H. Cabell, Daniel K. Benjamin, Ovidiu Lasca, Christoph Naber, Treatment-Selection Bias Endocarditis : Use of Propensity Score and Instrumental Variable Methods to Adjust for Analysis of the Impact of Early Surgery on In-Hospital Mortality of Native Valve
Home range size and habitat use in radio-collared female sika deer at high altitudes in the Tanzawa Mountains, Japan

In winter, when food availability was low, sika deer in the high Tanzawa Mountains preferred clearings, characterised by the highest biomass of food. In the other seasons, when food was abundant, habitats were used in accordance with their occurrence within home ranges, except in the case of erosion sites, which were avoided in every season. Patterns of habitat use differed between periods of the day and this phenomenon was influenced by human disturbance or weather, depending on the season. The abundance of food and interspersion of habitat patches allowed yearly home ranges of four sika deer to be very small at between 11.2 and 20.2 ha. The smallest mean home range size was recorded in autumn, probably because the same habitat then provided both food and cover.
Learning Query Paraphrasing from A Monolingual Corpus

We propose a method to obtain different expressions that convey the same meaning with that of a given phrase or sentence query. The notion is based on the distributional hypothesis that words that occur in the same contexts tend to have similar meanings. We assume that a phrase or sentence can be divided into a template part and an entity part. Therefore, surrounding entities generate the context of a template and vice versa, surrounding (in precise, suitable) templates generate the context of an entity. In this paper, we present an extension to the continuous bag-of-words (CBOW) model that efficiently learns the embedding for each template. As a result, semantically similar templates are detected in such a way that their semantic representations are similar to each other.
Confidence as First-class Attribute in Digital Humanities Data

Digital humanities scholars deal with many types of uncertainty in data. Especially historians work with sources that can be incomplete, hard to translate, or biased. This introduces uncertainties, which are difficult to assess or quantify, and typically require critical interpretation through experts. We, therefore, use the term confidence, which seems to be semantically more adequate as a measure of the validity of historical data and findings, thus reflecting both biases of the creators of historical artifacts, and human interpretation involved in determining sources’ uncertainty. We emphasize the benefits of treating confidence as a first-class attribute of the data in the processing steps as well as during visual analysis. This allows us to interact with confidence directly, enabling analysis possibilities which can identify the need for additional data acquisition, or reveal open questions in the interpretation of historical sources. In views tailored to the depiction of specific attributes, data with very low confidence, or incomplete data, results in the omission of data items. To overcome this issue, we propose using auxiliary views reflecting data with high uncertainty to avoid misinterpretation. We demonstrate these improvements in the context of a multiple-coordinated-views prototype for visual analysis of coexistence of institutions of diverse religious communities in cities of the medieval Middle East.
Document Enhancement System Using Auto-encoders

The conversion of scanned documents to digital forms is performed using an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. This work focuses on improving the quality of scanned documents in order to improve the OCR output. We create an end-to-end document enhancement pipeline which takes in a set of noisy documents and produces clean ones. We train a blind model (auto-encoders) that works on different noise levels of scanned text documents. Results are shown for blurring and watermark noise removal from noisy scanned documents.
Effects of mechanized careful logging on natural regeneration and vegetation competition in the southeastern Canadian boreal forest

Careful logging regulations in Quebec restrict circulation of harvesting and forwarding or skidding machin - ery to evenly spaced, parallel trails, which creates a particular pattern of disturbed and relatively undisturbed zones in cutovers. A 7-year monitoring study was established to evaluate the effects of careful logging on vegetation develop - ment in the southern boreal forest of Quebec. A total of 255 sample plots (2 m 2 ) were located in seven cutovers in predominantly black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests that were whole-tree "careful logged": 120 on fresh to moist silty clays or silty clay loams and 135 on dry to fresh loamy sands. Three microsites were sampled: skid trails and the edge and the centre of protection strips. A gradient of disturbance from the skid trail to centre of the protec - tion strip was evident for finer textured sites. Careful logging resulted in high densities of black spruce and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. ) (> 20 000 stems/ha each) in the protection strip. Survival of other understory species was also favoured in protection strips. Higher disturbance levels in skid trails favoured establishment of larch ( Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), and graminoids. Reduction of ericaceous cover occurred in skid trails on coarse-textured sites but was only temporary. Softwood stocking 7 years after harvest (based on 2-m 2 plots), ranged from 69 to 74% on fine- to medium-textured sites and from 31 to 51% on coarse-textured sites. The pat- tern of vegetation development created by careful logging has important implications for silvicultural decisions and stand modelling.
Running head : CURIOSITY-DRIVEN RECOMMENDATION STRATEGY 1 Curiosity-Driven Recommendation Strategy for Adaptive Learning via Deep Reinforcement Learning

The design of recommendations strategies in the adaptive learning system focuses on utilizing currently available information to provide individual-specific learning instructions for learners. As a critical motivate for human behaviors, curiosity is essentially the drive to explore knowledge and seek information. In a psychologically inspired view, we aim to incorporate the element of curiosity for guiding learners to study spontaneously. In this paper, a curiosity-driven recommendation policy is proposed under the reinforcement learning framework, allowing for a both efficient and enjoyable personalized learning mode. Given intrinsic rewards from a well-designed predictive model, we apply the actor-critic method to approximate the policy directly through neural networks. Numeric analyses with a large continuous knowledge state space and concrete learning scenarios are used to further demonstrate the power of the proposed method.
Complex Systems DYNAMIC SIMULATION MODEL OF A HIGH TEMPERATURE FUEL CELL SYSTEM

High temperature fuel cells are considered a promising option for highly efficient distributed power generation. This paper presents a dynamic model of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system. Detailed models for all process components were developed and validated with experimental data, which is demonstrated using the burner model as an example. Focus of this paper is on SOFC system heat-up. Different strategies are discussed, and dynamic simulation results of heat-up processes are shown.
Fluctuating temperature: A cause for survival and development of entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis indica and Steinernema carpocapsae

Devindrappa, Jagadeesh Patil *, Manjunatha T Gowda, R Vijayakumar 2 & Abraham Verghese Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024, Uttar Pradesh, India Division of Insect Systematics; ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru-560 024, Karnataka, India Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi-221 305, Uttar Pradesh, India
On the missing data problem in rass wind profiler measurements: an algorithm based on functional differential equations

RASS (Radio Acoustic Sounding System). is usu- ally an option added to Wind Profiler to provide profiles of virtual temperature data. Rass-Wind Profiler belongs to me- teorological radars. Virtual temperature is uncompensated for humidity or pressure. Recovered data must be processed in a given period and are accepted if only they belong to a consensus window, whose amplitude is in general 3 m/s and only for those data it is suitable to make an average. Many difficulties rise during Rass operating mode: first the un- changing of data with the increasing of height in some con- ditions and the data loss because of interruption. To recover data, we use Genetic Algorithms as prediction and retrieval technique. to profiles of virtual temperature data. The RASS system, composed of four acoustic sources, one on each side of the profiler, transmits a vertically directed acoustic wave. RASS (Radio Acoustic Sounding System) uses acoustic wave emis- sion to measure atmosphere virtual temperature profiles. Vir- tual temperature is that one must have dry air to make equal humid air density at the same pressure. This variable is widely used because it is possible to study variations of vir- tual temperature instead of density ones. Thus we define: Tv = T(1 + 0.61Q) where T is absolute temperature and Q is specific humidity given by the ratio between water vapour mass and humid air mass containing water vapour (Q = Mw/(MW + Md)). Thus, a Wind Profiling Radar is a meteorological and atmospheric remote sensing instrument, gives information about a volume of the atmosphere at a distance without being physically located in the region. The profiler uses the acoustic wave as a target, receiving and processing the resulting backscatter and measuring the speed of propagation. The profiler can compute virtual tem- perature profiles because the speed of sound is easily related to air temperature (2). Raw temperature data are stored in the moment and spectral data files, but separated from wind data into consensus files. Table 1 shows an example of data file to obtain temperature profiles. The titles of each column are: HT height in km, T uncorrected temperature, Tc corrected temperature, W vertical component of wind, CNT consensus counting, and SNR signal-to-noise ratio. We see that there is no changing of T and Tc corrected with the increasing of height and the number of "good" data CNT decreases with height as well as SNR. The difficulty of recovering data af- ter a given height associated with the choice of "good" data, represents a limitation and is a source of data errors.
Geochemical Assessment on the Sustainability of the Deep Geothermal Resource of Tongonan Geothermal Field (Leyte, Philippines)

The past 6 years saw rapid changes in the Tongonan geothermal reservoir as the field underwent full commercial operations starting in 1996 from 112 MWe to 550 MWe gross generation. The most prominent among the changes is the transformation of the discharge of production wells, mostly from the center of the field, from being liquiddominated to steam-dominated. To properly manage and sustain the reservoir, a geochemical evaluation was made of the deeper resource untapped by the production wells. The results show that the reservoir is sustainable as the deeper part of the resource still hosts more than 90% of the hot geothermal liquid. The gas-mineral equilibria (FTHSH2) by D’Amore gave estimates of the steam fraction and temperature in the central region of 1 - 5% steam (or 95 - 99% liquid) and 290 - 310°C, respectively. A temperature of 280 - 300°C for the same region extrapolated using the Na/K geothermometer shows the consistency of both methods. In the outflow region of the reservoir, production wells still have a liquid fraction in their discharge. Here, a steam loss of 1% is estimated in areas having inflows of cooler peripheral waters and injected brine while a 5% steam fraction was noted in areas producing from higher-enthalpy wells. The same gas-mineral equilibria method gave good agreements with the quartz geothermometer for the lowenthalpy wells signifying its fast re-equilibration. In dry wells, the method reflected higher temperatures indicating that the last re-equilibration of the participating species is far from the wellbore, probably at the point where water containing the reacting minerals is still present.
Above- and belowground biomass allocation in Tibetan grasslands.

Question: Optimal partitioning and isometric allocation are two important hypotheses in plant biomass allocation. We tested these two hypotheses at the community level, using field observations from Tibetan grasslands. Location: Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Methods: We investigated allocation between above- and belowground biomass in alpine grasslands and its relationship with environmental factors using data collected from 141 sites across the plateau during 2001-2005. We used reduced major axis (RMA) regression and general linear models (GLM) to perform data analysis. Results: The median values of aboveground biomass (MA), belowground biomass (MB), and root:shoot (R:S) ratio in alpine grasslands were 59.7, 330.5 g m−2, and 5.8, respectively. About 90% of total root biomass occurred in the top 30 cm of soil, with a larger proportion in the alpine meadow than in the alpine steppe (96 versus 86%). As soil nitrogen and soil moisture increased, both MA and MB increased, but R:S ratio did not show a significant change. MA scaled as 0.92 the power of MB, with 95% confidence intervals of 0.82-1.02. The slope of the isometric relationship between log MA and log MB did not differ significantly between alpine steppe and alpine meadow. The isometric relationship was also independent of soil nitrogen and soil moisture. Conclusions: Our results support the isometric allocation hypothesis for the MA versus MB relationship in Tibetan grasslands.
EFFECTS OF SEVOFLURANE AND PROPOFOL ON AIRWAY EPITHELIUM 138 and propofol on inflammatory reaction in the ventilated DL and collapsed

Post-operative pulmonary complications such as pneumonia, acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are closely associated with morbidity and mortality after esophagectomy. One lung ventilation (OLV) is commonly used during esophagectomy. However, the effect of the anesthetic agents on the inflammatory response induced by OLV has yet to be evaluated, particularly during esophagectomy, which causes several complications in the lung. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of anesthetic agents, such as sevoflurane or propofol, on the inflammatory reactions at the airway. Twenty patients undergoing esophagectomy were randomized to receive either sevoflurane (n=10) or propofol (n=10) as a main anesthetic agent. Epithelial lining fluid (ELF) was obtained from ventilated-dependent lung (DL) and collapsed non-dependent lung (NDL) by a bronchoscopic microsampling method. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12p70] in the ELF were measured using multiplexed bead-based immunoassays before and after OLV. The results indicated that the levels of IL-6 in ELF were significantly increased in both the ventilated DL and collapsed NDL after OLV compared with the levels prior to OLV in the sevoflurane group. By contrast, there was no significant change in the IL-6 levels in the propofol group in the ventilated DL and collapsed NDL before and after OLV. Similarly, IL-8 levels were markedly increased in the ventilated DL and collapsed NDL after OLV compared with those before OLV in the sevoflurane group, whereas there was no significant change in IL-8 levels in the propofol group in the ventilated DL and collapsed NDL before and after OLV. In contrast to the changes in IL-6 and IL-8 levels, levels of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, were not obviously changed in both the ventilated DL and collapsed NDL before and after OLV in the sevoflurane group. However, IL-10 levels in the propofol group were increased in the ventilated DL and collapsed NDL after OLV compared with those before OLV. Of note, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12p70 in ELF were below the detection limits. These observations suggested that propofol anesthesia more potently suppresses the surgical stress-induced inflammatory perturbation at the local milieu of the airway during esophagectomy compared with sevoflurane anesthesia.
Using beamforming to maximise the detection capability of small, sparse seismometer arrays deployed to monitor oil field activities

Like most other industrial activities that affect the subsurface, hydraulic fracturing carries the risk of reactivating pre‐existing faults and thereby causing induced seismicity. In some regions, regulators have responded to this risk by imposing traffic light scheme‐type regulations, where fracture stimulation programs must be amended or shut down if events larger than a given magnitude are induced. Some sites may be monitored with downhole arrays and/or dense near‐surface arrays, capable of detecting very small microseismic events. However, such monitoring arrangements will not be logistically or economically feasible at all sites. Instead, operators are using small, sparse arrays of surface seismometers to meet their monitoring obligations.
Math . Phys . 10 ( 2006 ) 395 – 432 Triangle anomalies from Einstein manifolds

The triangle anomalies in conformal field theory, which can be used to determine the central charge a, correspond to the Chern–Simons (CS) couplings of gauge fields in AdS5 under the gauge/gravity correspondence. We present a simple geometrical formula for the CS couplings e-print archive: http://lanl.arXiv. org/abs/hep-th/0601054 396 SERGIO BENVENUTI ET AL. in the case of type IIB supergravity compactified on a five-dimensional Einstein manifold X. When X is a circle bundle over del Pezzo surfaces or a toric Sasaki–Einstein (SE) manifold, we show that the gravity result is in perfect agreement with the corresponding quiver gauge theory. Our analysis reveals an interesting connection with the condensation of giant gravitons or dibaryon operators which effectively induces a rolling among SE vacua.
Amenities and Non-Farm Employment Growth in the U.S. Midwest: The Impact of Recreational Amenities in Neighboring Counties

This study examines the role of recreational amenities, both within the county as well in neighboring counties, on employment growth using data from 618 counties in the U.S. midwest. Using a wide range of amenity variables and spatial econometric methods, we find that natural and recreational amenities have played a role in non-farm employment growth over the years 1969 to 2000. Further, the results also indicate that the presence of recreational amenities in neighboring counties have also played an important role in explaining employment growth as opposed to only amenities within the county itself.
Fourier series development for solving a steady fluid structure interaction problem

This paper presents a new approximation of pressures on the interface between fluid and structure based on Fourier series development. This approximation gives easily an analytic solution to structure equation. Using the least squares method, we introduce an optimization problem to determine Fourier coefficients series and deduct the structure displacement, the fluid velocity and the fluid pressure. This present work aims to extend and improve the approximation method of pressures on the interface. Mathematics Subject Classification: 74F10, 65T40, 37M05