Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION OF PLASTID LIPID METABOLISM WITH THE ACTIVATION OF SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA

Localized inoculation of a plant with an avirulent pathogen results in the activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a defense mechanism that confers enhanced resistance against a variety of pathogens. The activation of SAR requires the translocation of an unknown signal from the pathogen-inoculated organ to the other organs where defenses are primed to respond faster in response to a future attack by a pathogen. Previous studies with the Arabidopsis thaliana dir1 (defective in induced resistance1) and sfd1 (suppressor of fatty acid desaturase deficiency1) mutants implicated a role for plant lipids in the activation of SAR. DIR1 encodes a putative lipid transfer protein and SFD1 encodes a dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) reductase involved in plastid glycerolipid metabolism. To further evaluate the role of DHAP reductases and plastid lipids in SAR, the involvement of two additional putative DHAP reductase encoding genes (AtGPDHp and AtGPDHc) and the SFD2 gene, which like SFD1 is involved in plastid glycerolipid metabolism, in SAR was evaluated. Only SFD2 was found to be essential for SAR. Although the lipid profile of the sfd2 mutant was similar to that of the fad5 (fatty acid desaturase 5) mutant, sfd2 is not allelic with fad5 and does not influence FAD5 expression. The SFD2 gene was mapped to an 85 kilo basepairs (kb) region on the third chromosome of Arabidopsis. The lipid composition defect of the sfd2 mutant was partially complemented by two independent recombinant bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) that contained genomic DNA spanning the wild type SFD2 locus. The role of plastid synthesized glycerolipids in the activation of SAR was further evaluated by characterizing SAR in additional Arabidopsis mutants that were deficient in plastid lipid metabolism. The requirement of MGD1 (MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHASE 1), DGD1 (DIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHASE 1) and FAD7 (FATTY ACID DESATURASE 7) genes in SAR, confirmed the essential role of plastid glycerolipids, presumably a galactolipid-dependent factor, in signaling associated with the SAR. ASSOCIATION OF PLASTID LIPID METABOLISM WITH THE ACTIVATION OF SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
Genómica y producción animal Genomics and animal production

© Los autores. Este artículo es publicado por la Revista Peruana de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercialCompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), que permite el uso no comercial, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citada. Para uso comercial, por favor póngase en contacto con revistaperuana. biologia@unmsm.edu.pe. Journal home page: http://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/rpb/index Revista peruana de biología 27(1): 015 020 (2020) doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.15381/rpb.v27i1. 17574 ISSN-L 1561-0837; eISSN: 1727-9933 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
10 的 QC-LDPC 码显式构造方法

: For the construction of (3,L)-regular quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check codes with girth at least ten, the existing explicit methods are not flexible in the selection of parameters. As to this problem, this paper proposed a novel explicit method on the basis of cycle classification. In the construction procedure, all equation constraints governing all cycles with lengths smaller than ten were considered for the case of an infinite circulant-permutation-matrix (CPM) size; then, all elements within an exponent matrix for a QC-LDPC code were lower bounded progressively; finally, a lower bound above which CPM size can vary consecutively was determined based on the entries within the exponent matrix. The new approach enables both an arbitrary L and an arbitrary CPM size above a certain lower bound. Simulation results show that, for L=5, the new codes perform as well as Tanner’s (3,5)-regular QC-LDPC codes with girth 12.
Predictability of Vegetation Cycles at Four Study Sites in a Semi-Arid Region (Gourma, Mali)

We briefly present a nonlinear method for the prediction of vegetation states from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data, and its performance at four study sites in a semi-arid region (Gourma, Mali). Based on 25 years of NDVI used in this study, this approach leads to a mean prediction error of approximately 20% (resp. 40%) RMS over a horizon of two weeks (resp. 4 weeks) and a spatial resolution of 24x24 km 2 . By construction, the acquisition of new NDVI observations will improve these performances by allowing a finer and more complete reconstruction (including rare events) of the multi-dimensional probability density function of the vegetation states.
Rumen degradation kinetics of coffee hulls treated with calcium oxide under aerobic or anaerobic conditions

Background: Coffee hulls obtained from dry processing, have the potential to be used in ruminant diets. Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of coffee hulls treated with calcium oxide (CaO) in different environmental conditions (EC). Methods: Coffee hulls were subjected to treatments distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of two levels of CaO (0 and 5%, on a DM basis) and two environmental conditions (aerobiosis and anaerobiosis) in a completely randomized design with four replicates, totaling sixteen experimental units. Five-gram samples were incubated in the rumen of two male cattle for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Results: Regarding dry matter degradation kinetic parameters, except for fraction b, the potential and effective degradability was affected (p<0.05) by a CaO × EC interaction. As for estimated fiber degradation parameters, the potentially degradable fraction b was affected (p<0.05)
THE EFFECT OF DIET SUPPLEMENTATION WITH PROPOLIS ON IMMUNOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TIBIA BONES IN BROILER CHICKENS

A trial was carried out to determine the effects of diet supplementation with propolis on immunological status and bone physicochemical properties of broiler at 6 weeks of age. Two hundred and forty one-day-old unsexed Cobb broilers chicks were randomly distributed into four equal experimental groups; with three replicates of 20 chicks each. They were fed on one of the following propolis levels; 0, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg diet. The tibia length, percentage relative to live body weight, dry matter, ash of tibia bone, phosphorus and calcium concentrations were determined at the end of the experiment. The results showed that, propolis supplementation at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg diet increased (p<0.05) the tibia length by 3, 2.4 and 3.4%, respectively, when compared to the control group. The higher value of tibia percentage relative to live body weight was recorded in the group fed propolis supplementation at 125 mg/kg diet, followed by groups fed 250, 500 mg propolis/kg diet and group that fed control diet. Propolis supplementation at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg increased phosphorus concentrations by 4.6, 1.1 and 1.8 %, respectively. Also, calcium concentrations in ash were increased by 0.6, 2.9 and 3.1 %, respectively, when compared to the control group. Although, all groups had haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against NDV, the highest haemagglutination inhibiting antibody titer was obtained from birds fed diets supplemented with 125 and 250 mg propolis/ kg diet at 35 days of age. In addition, data showed that the concentration of 500 mg propolis/kg diet did not significantly influence the humoral immune response of broiler against NDV.
Sensor data analysis and sensor management for crop monitoring.

During crop growth there are microclimate variations that can affect them. Some variations, such as slight frost, if repeated many times can affect the yield of the crops. These variations can be monitored by a wireless sensor network and the estimated yield of the crop can be adjusted by analyzing the data. This work proposes a system that manages a wireless sensor network to monitor environmental variables, stores the data it receives and enables different types of users to analyze data. The users can be network admins or agronomists. The proposal includes the use of Geographic Information Technologies to display the data.
Microhabitats of a Terrestrial Forest Salamander

The above-ground density of Plethodon cinereus did not vary over 22 sampling days during spring and summer, even during seven-day periods without rain. Surface density was not correlated with amount of rainfall, but microhabitat choice was so correlated: the percentage of salamanders under rocks and logs increased and the percentage in the leaf litter decreased with decreasing rainfall. These data suggest that the P. cinereus population does not move underground (where food is scarce) during short dry periods but instead that it maximizes the amount of time spent on the surface of the ground (where prey are abundant).
21ST CENTURY TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT FLOODING SOLUTIONS: USE OF WATER DRONES, AND HIGH PERFORMANCE 2D NUMERICAL FLOOD AND HYDRAULIC SIMULATIONS USING CLOUD COMPUTING

Water drone technology are making available huge amount of high-resolution bathymetric data for hydraulic simulation models. However, the application of two-dimensional (2D) models that make use of this data confronts several obstacles, including the model limitation to handle the enormous quantity of elevation points, and very long runtimes, which often make the use of 2D models impractical if not impossible. There have been attempts to use square cell models to large scale applications, but this type of model need to use very small cell size all over the modeling area, leading to excessive number of cell elements. The development of parallelized versions of 2D numerical finite-volume algorithm for Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) on flexible meshes, is radically changing the hydrologic and hydraulic modeling practice. However, until recently, the cost of top-of the line hardware had prevented widespread use of this technology. In this work we discuss a high-resolution application of the RiverFlow2D model running in the Google Cloud to simulate flow around hydraulic structures in the Everglades National Park in the USA. One to 4 million cells were generated using a plugin developed for the QGIS open source Geographic Information System. The model was calibrated with ADCP velocity data. In order to perform simulations remotely and using the most advanced hardware, the model was implemented in Google Cloud VMs (Virtual Machines) with NVIDIA Tesla V100 cards. The GPU Cloud model allowed reducing runtimes from 50 to 600 times costing less than 2 US$ per hour. Results demonstrate that high-resolution applications, that were not feasible until recently can be realistically done using highly detailed bathymetric surveys gathered with water drones and GPU flexible mesh 2D models in the Cloud.
Post-stimulus fMRI and EEG responses_ Evidence for a neuronal origin hypothesised to be inhibitory

Post-stimulus undershoots, negative responses following cessation of stimulation, are widely observed in functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) data. However, the debate surrounding whether the origin of this response phase is neuronal or vascular, and whether it provides functionally relevant information, that is additional to what is contained in the primary response, means that undershoots are widely overlooked. We simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG), BOLD and cerebral blood-flow (CBF) [obtained from arterial spin labelled (ASL) fMRI] fMRI responses to hemifield checkerboard stimulation to test the potential neural origin of the fMRI post-stimulus undershoot. The poststimulus BOLD and CBF signal amplitudes in both contralateral and ipsilateral visual cortex depended on the post-stimulus power of the occipital 8–13 Hz (alpha) EEG neuronal activity, such that trials with highest EEG power showed largest fMRI undershoots in contralateral visual cortex. This correlation in post-stimulus EEGfMRI responses was not predicted by the primary response amplitude. In the contralateral visual cortex we observed a decrease in both cerebral rate of oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) and CBF during the post-stimulus phase. In addition, the coupling ratio (n) between CMRO2 and CBF was significantly lower during the positive contralateral primary response phase compared with the post-stimulus phase and we propose that this reflects an altered balance of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity. Together our data provide strong evidence that the post-stimulus phase of the BOLD response has a neural origin which reflects, at least partially, an uncoupling of the neuronal responses driving the primary and post-stimulus responses, explaining the uncoupling of the signals measured in the two response phases. We suggest our results are consistent with inhibitory processes driving the post-stimulus EEG and fMRI responses. We therefore propose that new methods are required to model the post-stimulus and primary responses independently, enabling separate investigation of response phases in cognitive function and neurological disease.
Evolving Trends in Global Value Chain Analysis: Country Case Studies of Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, and Singapore

Over the last two decades, the global economy witnessed an unprecedented rise in global value chain (GVC) activity, a phenomenon that is widely believed to have caused growing fragmentation of cross-border production processes. It has also been recognized that the type and extent of participation in as well as the benefits derived from these global production networks vary across economies, sectors, and temporally. This report utilizes measures of different dimensions of global value chains that were derived from cutting-edge accounting and mathematical frameworks to analyze the changing patterns of trade of Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore during the period 2000-2018. The multi-regional input-output tables (MRIOTs) compiled by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) were used as the main data source for generating the GVC indicators presented in this paper. The results demonstrate the varying impacts GVCs have had across economies and their domestic sources, which could readily be extended to analyses of trade policies.
Evaluating Lecturers’ Satisfaction towards Online Teaching in AHIBS, UTM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Within recent years, online teaching and learning have witnessed an increasingly widespread in the higher education sector. By offering a flexible learning opportunity, online teaching managed to attract more students to the unique learning environment. University of Technology (UTM) was one of the universities that launched an Open Distance Learning (ODL) at the beginning of 2020. Due to the COVID19 pandemic, UTM, as most of the universities around the world decided to adopt online teaching for almost all the courses. A theoretical model of the determinants of e-learning satisfaction in teaching among UTM lecturers from Azman Hashim International Business School (AHIBS), Kuala Lumpur (KL), was developed. Perception and expectations, preparedness, experience (Course Deliver Phase), and level of satisfaction (Post-Teaching Phase) were the independent variables that were examined. Twenty-seven respondents (lecturers) from AHIBS KL have completed five sections of the questionnaire. The first was demographics; the rest was related to the research questions which consisted of 24 open-ended questions. With regard to the perception and expectations for online teaching, the majority of the respondents reported confidence and competence in the technological and pedagogical skills were required to teach online. By and large, the respondents were welcoming online teaching experience. The respondents were generally divided on whether the online classroom should be continued as a replacement for face-to-face teaching even after the COVID-19 pandemic. This research came up with several recommendations to be considered by lecturers who work in an online environment and sets the stage for further study. International Journal of Innovation and Business Strategy (IJIBS)/ Vol. 14, No. 2, June 2020 79
Using Spline Functions to Smooth Discrete Data

V prispevku je predstavljen algoritem za izraèun gladilnih funkcij, uporabljen v programskem paketu SPLINE, razvitem v Centru za eksperimentalno mehaniko na Fakulteti za strojnitvo v Ljubljani. Podana je podrobna analiza vpliva tevila izbranih podintervalov in tevila diskretnih vrednosti na natanènost priblika. Uporabnost algoritma je prikazana na eksperimentalnih podatkih za realno in imaginarno komponento modula lezenja poli-izobutilena. Podatki, ki smo jih analizirali, so povzeti iz objave [5]. © 2006 Strojniki vestnik. Vse pravice pridrane. (Kljuène besede: funkcije gladilne, glajenje podatkov, algoritmi, paketi programski, SPLINE)
Ethnic Migration in Central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Territory)

The article presents the results of a sociological and cultural study of ethnic migration in Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Territory). The aim of the present research is obtaining sociological characteristic of current problems of intercultural relations of a migrant and host environment. The object of the research is cultural values and needs, arising in the process of relations of a migrant and host environment, and its subject is analysis of cultural attitudes of students and migrants, living on the territory of the region, to arriving migrants. There are 137 nationalities living on the territory of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In order for the information of the sociocultural research to be objective and results to be valid, we selected 500 people for participation in the research. The sample was chosen in the following way: 250 persons were selected among the students of institutions of higher (Siberian Federal University) and secondary professional education (Krasnoyarsk Polytechnic College), and 250 migrants, representatives of ethnic groups, living on the territory of the city of Krasnoyarsk. The main stimuli for co-residence of migrants and host environment (local population) (on the material of analysis of questions about temporary and permanent residence) are: eagerness to coparticipate in socio-economic and cultural development of the region in case of permanent residence and rejection of temporary residence for the sake of improving demographic situation of the host country. However, the strategy of separation, allowing to preserve unique distinctiveness in the environment of a different culture becomes the main condition for migrants’ residence, and for the receiving (host) side, similarity of cultural characteristics of migrants and their own culture becomes important.
Security Assessment Methodology for Isolated Systems of a Certain Class

This paper introduces security assessment methodology for isolated single-workstation multilayer systems processing sensitive or classified data according with a corresponding security model for such system. The document provides a high-level tool for systematizing certain-class-systems security models development. The models based on the introduced methodology cover data confidentiality and availability attributes protection on a sufficient level.
Application of Artificial Intelligence to DFIG based wind farm for Reactive Power Compensation

Doubly Fed Induction Generators are mainly used in the wind applications. In this paper, a new method for reactive power compensation in wind farms is proposed by using DSTATCOM with the Kohonen Learning neural network (KLNN) based control algorithm. This KLNN control strategy is used to pull out reference currents from the load conductance and susceptance to generate IGBT activation pulses. The proposed approach was examined in the Simulink model in MATLAB.
Everyone is Creative? Research on the Relationship Between the Work Orientation and Employee Creativity

Building on intrinsic motivation theory and learned industriousness theory, this study examines the relationship between work orientation and employee creativity, and tests the mediator of engagement and the moderator of the competitive work environment. Based on the samples of 280 internet companies, we found that three major dimensions of the work orientation have a positive effect on engagement. Furthermore, engagement has a significantly positive correlation with employee creativity, as engagement plays a partially intermediary role between work orientation and employee creativity. Finally, competitive work environment (CWE) moderates the relationship between work orientation and engagement, which predicts the employee creativity. Among them, CWE positively moderates career orientation and calling orientation, while negatively moderates job orientation. The above theoretical conclusions will have a positive impact on how modern human resources manage employee creativity.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effects of Single and Combined use of Different Irrigation Solutions Against Intracanal Enterococcus Faecalis

Objectives This study assessed the antibacterial activity of both separate and combined uses of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), MTAD, SmearClear (SC) and 13.8% chlorine dioxide (ClO2) irrigation solutions against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods Two hundred eighty single rooted human premolars were randomly grouped into 26 test and 2 control (negative and positive) groups and were incubated for 24 h with E. faecalis, except for the negative control group. The tested solutions were as follow: NaOCl; CHX; ClO2; MTAD; SC; EDTA; H2O2; NaOCl + CHX; NaOCl + MTAD; SC + NaOCl; EDTA + NaOCl; H2O2 + NaOCl; ClO2 + CHX; CHX + MTAD; SC + CHX; EDTA + CHX; CHX + H2O2; ClO2 + MTAD; SC + ClO2; EDTA + ClO2; ClO2 + H2O2; SC+MTAD; EDTA+MTAD; MTAD + H2O2; SC + H2O2; and EDTA + H2O2. Optic density values were recorded at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 h and bacterial growth curve created for each solution. Results The CHX, MTAD and ClO2 showed a high potential for the elimination of E. faecalis, both alone and in all combinations. The EDTA, H2O2, H2O2+ EDTA, H2O2 + NaOCl and SC + NaOCl groups showed less antibacterial activity than the other groups. The SC + CHX group showed the best antibacterial effect against E. faecalis. Conclusion The SC + CHX combination can be recommended as the most effective irrigation regimen against E. faecalis in persistent endodontic infections.
Bounded Rationality, Strategy Simpliﬁcation, and Equilibrium

It is frequently suggested that predictions made by game theory could be improved by considering computational restrictions when modeling agents. Under the supposition that players in a game may desire to balance maximization of payoff with minimization of strategy complexity, Rubinstein and co-authors studied forms of Nash equilibrium where strategies are maximally simpliﬁed in that no strategy can be further simpliﬁed without sacriﬁcing payoff. Inspired by this line of work, we introduce a notion of equilibrium whereby strategies are also maximally simpliﬁed, but with respect to a simpliﬁcation procedure that is more careful in that a player will not simplify if the simpliﬁcation incents other players to deviate. We study such equilibria in two-player machine games in which players choose ﬁnite automata that succinctly represent strategies for repeated games; in this context, we present techniques for establishing that an outcome is at equilibrium and present results on the structure of equilibria.