Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in intracellular and extracellular free polyamines during the growth cycle of Prorocentrum donghaiense

We used HPLC to measure the concentrations of free putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in cells and culture medium during the growth of Prorocentrum donghaiense. Spermine was the main intracellular free polyamines in Prorocentrum donghaiense. The intracellular concentration of free polyamines kept increasing during the growth cycle and the ratio of spermine to putrescine increased with cell density. Changes in the ratios of spermine/spermidine in Prorocentrum donghaiense, however, occurred before changes in cell density, suggesting that polyamines can regulate cell growth and replication. Putrescine was the most abundant free polyamine in the culture medium, followed by spermine and spermidine. Changes to the media polyamines contents implied that Prorocentrum donghaiense could absorb free polyamines from the culture solution as well as release free polyamines into the medium during different growth periods, especially during the decline phase. These results suggest that masses of dead algae in the population decline phase would release abundant free polyamines into the environment.
Quality assessment and antibacterial properties of a commercial clove sample and copper sulphate as ingredients of an herbal mouth wash

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2019. 9.1. 0178 Abstract Clove buds obtained from flower buds of (Syz ygium aromaticum (L.) Merril et L. M. Perry ( Eugenia caryophyllus C. Spreng. Bull et Harr) have been used in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments, as food spice and in aromatherapy. Some of the pharmacological properties have been reported as anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The main constituent of clove is eugenol which has been reported and confirmed to have antibacterial action. The oil from the commercial clove sample was extracted using a Clevenger apparatus and assessed by gas chromatography for the content of eugenol in comparison to a standard clove oil. In addition, the TLC fingerprint, physicochemical and antibacterial properties were determined by standard methods to authenticate and establish the quality of the clove prior to use in the herbal mouthwash formulation. The sample clove oil exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of <0.02 – 0.312 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of 0.156 – 0.312 mg/ml against selected gram positive and negative organisms. MIC and MBC values for Copper sulphate were in the range of <0.02 – 0.156 and 0.156 - 0.312 mg/ml respectively. The sample clove oil with 15% yield was determined to have 71.7% purity in comparison to the standard clove oil. The evaluation of the clove buds, oil and copper sulphate showed that it conformed to specifications and has potential for use in the mouthwash
Facile synthesis of poly N-isopropylacrylamide/acrylamide-quantum dots hybrid hydrogels and their fluorescence temperature sensitive behaviors

ABSTRACT Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is an intelligent hydrogel which exhibits volume transition in response to temperature change. This work reports the PNIPAM/AM-QDs hybrid hydrogels, in which N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylamide as monomers and CdTe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) as filler, are prepared by glow discharge electrolysis plasma (GDEP). The hydrogels are investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectra, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and PL spectra, as well as the swelling rate, temperature sensitivity and fluorescence reversibility. The results show that the PNIPAM hydrogels and QDs are cross-linked by coordination bond, and the QDs are well dispersed and combined firmly in the networks of the hydrogels. The phase transition temperature of PNIPAM/AM-QDs hybrid hydrogels is 32.5°C. The fluorescence intensity of hydrogels is 1490 a.u. and 20 a.u. at 20 and 40°C, respectively. Furthermore, the luminescence intensity of hydrogels is almost not weakened after five heating-cooling cycles, which should be used as a temperature-controlled light switch.
Relationship Between Glutathione S-Transferase M1,T1 Genetic Polymorphisms, Smoking and Alcohol Consumption and Susceptibility to Stomach Cancer

Objective To determine the association of glutathione-stransferase M1(GSTM1), T1(GSTT1) genetic polymorphisms, smoking and alcohol consumption with the risk of gastric cancer. Methods 1:1 matched case-control study and molecular epidemiology technique were used to analysis the genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 genotype among 60 cases of gastric cancer patients and sex-and age-matched controls, who were selected from Nanjing Zhongda Hospital and Jiangsu Province Cancer Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed to elucidate interaction of GSTM1. GSTT1 genotype and smoking and alchol consumption in the risk for stomach cancer. Results The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype among cases and controls was 61.67% and 40.00% respectively (χ2 =6.08, P0.05), which was significantly associated with stomach cancer, OR=2.83 (95%CI =1.24-6.47);Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with stomach cancer, OR=2.51(95%CI=1.06-5.95) GSTM1 null genotype was more commonly observed in the cases, but this was not statistically significant;the same with cigarette smoking. An interaction was observed between GSTM1, GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms and smoking and alcohol consumption to stomach cancer. People who carried GSTM1(-), GSTT1(-) and smoking and alcohol consumption had a higher susceptibility to stomach cancer than those with GSTM1(+), GSTT1(+) and non-smoking and alcohol consumption, (OR=12.00 95%CI =1.99-72.36). Conclusion GSTT1 null genotype and drinking habit might be likely associated with the susceptibility to stomach cancer; interaction of GSTM1? GSTT1 genotype and smoking and alcohol consumption existed in the risk of stomach cancer to a certain extent.
Données expérimentales préliminaires sur la stabilité de la rhönite à 1 atmosphère. Application aux gisements naturels

Cette etude experimentale a 1 bar, sous atmospheres controlees, a ete realisee avec un basanitoide a rhonite et une hawaite appartenant a la serie des basaltes alcalins du Deves (Massif Central) et avec une kaersutite pure. Parmi les parageneses observees, les plus completes sont dans l'ordre d'apparition des phases : — Tampon NNO (1) Kaersutite ol + (sp) + plag + rhonite + cpx + mt + liq (2) Basanitoide ol + (sp) + cpx + mt + plag + rhonite + liq (3) Hawaiite ol + (sp) + plag + cpx + mt + liq — Tampon IW (4) Kaersutite ol + (sp) + cpx + plag + rhonite + liq (5) Basanitoide ol + cpx + plag + rhonite + liq (6) Hawaiite ol + cpx + plag + liq Le spinelle reagit avec le liquide pour donner du plagioclase (cas 1, 3 et 4) et de la magnetite (cas 2 et 3). La temperature de liquidus varie peu en fonction de ƒO₂ pour la kaersutite (1 310 °C) et le basanitoide (1 300 °C) au contraire de celle de l'hawaite : 1 195 °C avec NNO et 1 255 °C avec IW. La cristallisation du basanitoide montre que dans certains cas un spinelle peut etre en equilibre a 1 bar avec du clinopyroxene. La temperature de cristallisation de la rhonite, independante de ƒO₂ entre IW et NNO, semble liee a la composition : 1 170 °C pour la kaersutite contre 1 100 °C pour le basanitoide. La comparaison de ces resultats et des donnees petrographiques sur les roches a rhonite sans melilite, suggere que la presence de la rhonite et sa coexistence avec du plagioclase dependent de la composition de la roche (surtout en Ti et Ca) et de la cristallisation a haute pression d'un clinopyroxene plus ou moins riche en titane.
Enhancing Triple Negative Breast Cancer Immunotherapy by ICG‐Templated Self‐Assembly of Paclitaxel Nanoparticles

Combination cancer immunotherapy has shown promising potential for simultaneously eliciting antitumor immunity and modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM). However, combination immunotherapy with multiple regimens suffers from the varied chemo‐physical properties and inconsistent pharmacokinetic profiles of the different therapeutics. To achieve tumor‐specific codelivery of the immune modulators, an indocyanine green (ICG)‐templated self‐assembly strategy for preparing dual drug‐loaded two‐in‐one nanomedicine is reported. ICG‐templated self‐assembly of paclitaxel (PTX) nanoparticles (ISPN), and the application of ISPN for combination immunotherapy of the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are demonstrated. The ISPN show satisfied colloidal stability and high efficacy for tumor‐specific codelivery of ICG and PTX through the enhanced tumor permeability and retention effect. Upon laser irradiation, the ICG component of ISPN highly efficiently induces immunogenic cell death of the tumor cells via activating antitumor immune response through photodynamic therapy. Meanwhile, PTX delivered by ISPN suppresses the regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) to combat ITM. The combination treatment of TNBC with ISPN and αPD‐L1‐medaited immune checkpoint blockade therapy displays a synergistic effect on tumor regression, metastasis inhibition, and recurrence prevention. Overall, the ICG‐templated nanomedicine may represent a robust nanoplatform for combination immunotherapy.
β-Amino Carbonyl Compounds from Iodine-Catalyzed Three Component Mannich Reactions and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity

The multicomponent Mannich reaction is one of the most important carbon-carbon bond formation types in organic chemistry and plays a key step in the synthesis of many nitrogen-containing natural products and pharmaceuticals. Mannich bases have a very important place in the synthesis of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anticancer drugs. They are used in the petroleum, paper and recycling industries. Several methods have been reported in the literature for the synthesis of b-amino carbonyl compounds using Amberlyst-15, Br€onsted acids, Lewis acids and bases. However; these methods have some drawbacks, including the use of expensive metal salts as catalysts. In view of these findings, we wanted to broaden the possibility of iodine as the catalyst for the synthesis of b-amino carbonyl compounds. In this work, we describe a mild, convenient, efficient and one-pot method for preparation of b-amino carbonyl compounds, using molecular iodine as a catalyst at room temperature, from ketones, aromatic aldehydes, and aromatic amines (Scheme 1). The synthesized b-amino carbonyl compounds (4a-o) were purified by crystallization or column chromatography and were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, H NMR, C NMR, and GC-MS methods. A number of these compounds (4f-i, 4k-n) are novel. All of the compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the 1,1diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The Mannich reaction of aniline, benzaldehyde and cyclohexyl methyl ketone was selected as a model and several catalysts have been tried (Table 1). The highest yield was obtained with I2 (Table 1, entry 2). In preliminary trials, several common organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, THF, toluene, and DCM) had been used to optimize the reaction conditions. Ethanol was found to be the most suitable solvent for the reaction in terms of availability, cost, and over-all yield. Different molar ratios of iodine catalyst were investigated to find the best yield. The optimum value was 10mol % of I2 catalyst (Table 2).
Evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of graphene nanomaterials

Graphene is a single-atom thick, two-dimensional sheet of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms and since its isolation, its properties have been widely studied, and graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials are now applied in several fields. Several types of graphene-family nanomaterials (GFN) have been synthesized and widely applied, but there is still some misunderstanding about their potential effects on human health, especially since these nanomaterials can be easily inhaled, especially in the manufacturing process, if they are not properly cared for. In this work, a set of graphene family compounds were selected for the evaluation of their cytotoxic effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. The well-characterized Carbon black nanomaterial was used as reference. Cells were exposed to the BMD30 and 0.5 BMD30 doses defined in previous studies. The internalization of the different GFNs (graphene-family nanomaterials) compounds by RAW264.7 cells was evaluated, as well as its potential oxidative effects by the evaluation of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The GFNs P4, P5 and P6 were selected for further studies due to their highest toxicity potential. The mechanisms of GFNs induced cell death were studied for P4, P5 and P6 by the evaluation of the percentage of cells under apoptosis/necrosis and the mitochondrial membrane potential. The results showed that all the GFNs tested were internalized by RAW 264.7 cells, but P3, P4 and P5 (carboxyl graphene, graphene nanoplatelets and single layer graphene oxide, respectively) were internalized at higher ratios. For P1, P2, P3, P5 and P6 an increase in nanomaterial internalization with exposure duration was observed. Furthermore, the GFNs P2, P3, P4, P6, and P8 showed an increase of ROS production at 0.5BMD30 but not at BMD30 concentrations. The results showed that P4 and P5
Microalgae for industry: Responses of native Australian chlorophytes to environmental conditions for enhanced production of target compounds

2 Certification . 6 Dedication . 7 Acknowledgements . 8 List of Figures . 11 List of Tables . 13 Abbreviations . 14 Glossary . 16 Chapter 1: General introduction . 17 Section 1: Lipids for biofuels . 26 Lipids in microalgae . 27 Factors that influence the lipid content and profile of microalgae.31 Section 2: Pigments . 46 Section 3: Conclusions and future directions . 54 Aims and hypotheses . 56 Chapter 2: Assessment of six commercially available nutrient media for microalgal cultivation: effects on growth and lipid profiles . 57 Introduction . 57 Methods . 59 Algal cultures and cultivation conditions.59 Lipid extraction and analysis . 61 Statistical analyses.62 Results . 62 Growth . 62 Lipids . 68 Discussion . 72 Chapter 3: Effects of light intensity and wavelength on growth and pigment composition of microalgae . 76 Introduction . 76 Methods . 80 Results . 82 Growth . 82 Pigment content . 86
Hydrophobic Side-Chain Attached Polyarylether-Based Anion Exchange Membranes with Enhanced Alkaline Stability

In order to improve the alkaline stability of polyarylether-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs), the strategy of attaching a hydrophobic side-chain to the backbone is proposed. A series of AEMs which include three original quaternary ammonia AEMs (QAPSF, QAPPSU, and QAPPO) and three hydrophobic side-chain attached AEMs (sQAPSF, sQAPPSU, and sQAPPO) are synthesized. Although a gradual enhancement of chemical stabilities for QAPSF, QAPPSU, and QAPPO is observed by reducing backbone polar groups, degradation of the original QA-type AEMs is still obvious. After testing in 1 M N2-saturated NaOH solution at 60 °C for 30 days, the weight losses of the original QA-type AEMs exceed 29%; the IEC losses of the AEMs exceed 24%, and the IC losses of the AEMs exceed 25% (IEC, ion exchange capacity). While for s-type AEMs, due to the hydrophobic side-chains endowing the membranes with hydrophilic/hydrophobic microphase separation morphologies, the backbones are protected from OH– attacking; significant improvements of.
The Dynamics of Water Quality During Culture of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) in The Aquarium

Intensive culture of snakehead fish used artificial feed with high protein content. The impact of the high use of artificial feed will cause waste that can cause poor water quality and cause fish mortality. The purpose of this research was to know the dynamics of water quality during culture of snakehead fish Channa striata in the aquarium. The test animals used were snakehead fish with a length of 6.90 ± 0.49 cm and weight of 2.57 ± 0.59 g. Fish was maintenanced with a density of 2 fish L-1, 4 fish L-1 and 6 fish L-1. Fish was cultured for four days in an aquarium with size of 60x40x40 cm3 and water volume of 20 L. Water quality were observed, i.e, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, TAN, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, hardness and alkalinity. The results showed that pH, temperature, hardness, TAN, nitrite, nitrate and ortophosphate were not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05), while dissolved oxygen and alkalinity were showed different significantly (P<0.05). On the fourth day of culture with a density of 4 fish L-1 and 6 fish L-1 has led to water saturation in the culture media. Dynamic of water quality was started on the third day of culture, whereas nitrites could not be converted to nitrate maximally. High levels of nitrate in the snakehead culture indicated that that this culture could be combined with an integrated aquaculture with plants.
Density Functional Theory Analysis of the Adsorption Interactions of Carbon Impurities in Coal-associated Kaolinite

Kaolinite is a difficult-to-float clay existing in coal slurries which negatively impacts coal flotation. A better understanding of its adsorption behavior would improve coal-slurry processing. Carbon impurities in the kaolinite can affect this behavior. The appearance and elemental surface composition of the carbon impurities precipitated by kaolinite oxidative treatment were microscopically analyzed, and their chemical speciation and relative C and O contents were probed. The mechanisms of adsorption on the main kaolinite cleavage planes ((001) and (001) surfaces) for two carbon-impurity structural models, a phenolic hydroxyl unit (Ph–OH) and carbon hydroxyl unit (C–OH), were considered using density functional theory methods. The carbon impurities consisted mainly of C and O, with C present mostly as C–C, C–H, and C–O species, and O existing mainly in –OH and C–O structures. Both Ph–OH and C–OH units adsorbed stably on the kaolinite (001) and (001) surfaces through hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups and surfaces. A strong electrostatic attraction occurred between the Ph–OH benzene ring and kaolinite surfaces, whereas the carbon ring in C–OH did not interact with either surface. Finally, for both units, adsorption on the kaolinite (001) surface was more stable than on the (001) surface.
Hectometric scale simulations of a Mediterranean heavy precipitation event during HyMeX SOP1

Abstract. Offshore convection occurred over the Mediterranean sea on 26 October 2012 and was well documented during the first Special Observation Period (SOP1) of the Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX). This paper analyses the triggering and organizing factors involved in this convection case study, and examines how they are simulated and represented at hectometric resolutions. For that purpose, a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of this real case study is carried out with a 150 m horizontal resolution over a large domain encompassing the convective systems, as well as the low level flow feeding convection over the sea. This LES is then compared to a reference simulation performed with a 450 m grid spacing in the heart of the so-called grey zone of turbulence modelling. Increase of horizontal resolution from 450 m down to 150 m is unable to reduce significantly, for this case study, deficiencies of the simulation, more related to an issue of initial and lateral boundary conditions. Indeed, some of the triggering factors, such as a converging low level flow driven by a surface low pressure system, are simulated quite similarly for both simulations. However, differences for other mechanisms still exist since larger surface precipitation amounts are simulated at 450 m. It is found that the lack of a good representation of entrainment with a 450 m grid spacing along the edge of clouds causes a too quick triggering of deep convection at this resolution, associated with fast-track microphysical processes and enhanced dynamics. Furthermore, this first LES of a real Mediterranean precipitating case study highlights a convective organization with very fine scale features within the converging low level flow, features that are definitively out of range of models with kilometric horizontal resolutions.
Sulfonated Magnetic Nanoparticles as Recyclable Catalyst for Facile One-Pot Green Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydro-2H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-trione Derivatives

Sulfonated magnetic nanoparticles (SO3H-Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs) have been explored as an efficient, cost-effective, and recyclable nanocatalyst for the facile synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazin-1,6,11(13H)-triones through a one-pot three-component reaction between aldehydes, dimedone, and phthalhydrazide under mild and green (solvent-free) conditions. Simple separation of the catalyst using an external magnet, efficient recyclability of the developed magnetic nanocatalyst up to five fresh runs without significant loss in its catalytic activity, excellent yields of the designed reactions (88 to 98%), low reaction times as well as solvent-free and facial reaction condition are some advantages of the present procedure that qualified the fabricated magnetic nanocatalyst for industrial applications.
APPROACH OF THE CRANIOFACIAL REGION USING A DISMASKING FLAP

頭蓋顔面及び頭蓋底に対するアプローチは数多く報告され, 前頭蓋底へのアプローチでは十分な視野が得られることが可能になった。 しかしながら, 中頭蓋深部や中顔面深部へのアプローチは顔面神経を保護しながらかつトンネル操作ではない十分な操作空間をえる方法は少ない。 これらの問題点を解決し, 前頭蓋, 中頭蓋, 上中顔面深部を同時に十分な術野を得ることを目的に考案されたのが Dismasking Flap である。 その後, 頭蓋顔面腫瘍, 多発性顔面外傷に応用され, 変法も学会等で報告されるようになった。 我々も, これまで13例に対して Dismasking Flap をアプローチ法として試みてきた。 合併症は13例すべてにおいて認められたが, 一過性のもので自然回復した。 内訳は, 兎眼13例, 眼瞼下垂4例, 眼輪筋麻痺13例, 上眼窩神経領域の知覚麻痺13例であった。 その基本的手術手技と術後の経過について報告する。
Study on TCM's Syndrome Model of GYPX Established by a New Compound Method

Objective:To study a new compound method of establishing TCM's syndrome model of GYPX(stagnation of liver-qi and deficiency of spleen-qi). Methods:Adopting chronic astriction,excess fatigue and out of constant diet on rats.Results:Compared with relevant normal group,the diet of the model rats decreased significantly,stool loosed,action decreased,lassitude aggravated and mood depressed from the 2nd week;The D-xylose secreting rate in urine decreased significantly(P0.05 or P0.001);The 5-HT in hypothalamus decreased significantly(P0.001) and then increased(P0.05 or P0.01),NE decreased significantly(P0.01 or P0.05) and DA has no changes;SS in plasma and GAS in serum increased significantly(P0.01 or P0.05),MTL and VIP in plasma decreased significantly(P0.05 或 P0.001) and then increased(P0.001 或 P0.05). Conclusion:The model accords basically with the characters of TCM'S GYPX syndrome.
Nanofiber Filter Performance Improvement: Nanofiber Layer Uniformity and Branched Nanofiber

ABSTRACT We developed two types of high performance nanofiber filters by increasing the uniformity of the fiber layer’s deposition on the substrate media and by fabricating nanofiber with a branched morphology, in which additional fibers were spun to radiate from the main fibers. We subsequently compared them with conventional and beaded nanofiber filters in terms of particle removal efficiency, filter pressure drop, and particle loading capacity. First, the uniformity of the nanofiber’s deposition, which was visually evaluated using optical and electron microscopes, was increased by removing the substrate surface charge during electrospinning. The uniform nanofiber filters demonstrated a higher filtration efficiency with a lower pressure drop than their conventionally electrospun counterparts, which exhibited irregular fiber layers. Second, branched nanofiber was fabricated by adjusting the viscosity of the polymer solution. The performance of the nanofiber filters was dramatically improved by the decrease in air flow resistance, which resulted from (1) a longer distance streamwise between the fibers and (2) a smaller diameter for the fibers. The enhanced efficiency was also due to (3) the additional fibers branching out from the main fibers.