Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lithospheric structure of the Chaco and Parani Basins

Surface-wave data from a portable broadband array have been used to invert for the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Chaco and Paran• Basins of central South America. The upper-mantle velocity structure beneath the Paran• Basin is cratonic in character, whereas that beneath the Chaco Basin is tectonic or asthenospheric in character. The surface-wave analysis used broadband recordings from a subset of a 14-station array deployed in a roughly east-west sawtooth arrangement along 20øS latitude, with a total E-W aperture of -ol,400 km. Results from receiver-function analysis, as well as direct P-wave regional travel-time data, were used in the inversions to help constrain Moho depths and crust and upper-mantle velocities. S-wave structure for the intracratonic Paran• Basin was determined using interstation phase and group velocities for Rayleigh waves (fundamental and first higher mode) and Love waves (fundamental mode only) based on seven events with paths which traverse the eastern Paran• Basin and one event with a path across the western Paran• Basin. The average Moho depth in the eastern Paran• Basin is . 042 km. The high-velocity upper-mantle lid has a maximum S-wave velocity of 4.7km/s, with no resolvable low-velocity zone to at least 200 km depth. This cratonic velocity structure indicates the presence of a lithospheric root beneath the Paran• Basin despite emplacement of the Paran• plume. The limited data from the western Paran• Basin are consistent with a homogeneous upper-mantle structure throughout the Paran• Basin. Waveform inversion of fundamental-mode and first-higher-mode Rayleigh waves from a single subandean event was used to obtain estimates for pure-path dispersion along propagation paths through the Chaco Basin and the western half of the Paran• Basin. The data were partitioned to isolate the partial-path contribution of the phase and group velocities for the Chaco Basin. The phase and group velocities from this somewhat sparse data set were inverted to obtain a velocity-depth model for the Chaco Basin. The distinguishing features of the Chaco model consist of a rather shallow Moho depth, 32 km, and low ("asthenospheric") upper-mantle S-wave velocities, about 4.2 km/s, with velocity increasing only slightly to about 4.3 km/s at 150 km depth.
Diversity of Indigenous Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria from Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Cultivated in Rice Fallows

Background: Legume nodulating bacteria (LNB), also known as rhizobia produce root nodules on leguminous plants where in nitrogen fixation takes place. In agriculture, this symbiotic relationship is significant as it provides nitrogenous fertilizers to the leguminous crops. Traditionally rhizobia were exclusively members of the Rhizobiaceae family in the Alphaproteobacteria class of bacteria. Several reports revealed that large number of diazotrophs have the ability to nodulate and fix atmospheric N2 in legumes in addition to rhizobia which are outside the Alphaproteobacteria class. Relatively less information is available on the genetic diversity of indigenous rhizobia nodulating blackgram cultivated in rice fallows. Hence the present study was carried out to know the diversity of symbiotic native nitrogen fixing bacteria isolated from the root nodules of blackgram grown in rice fallows using partial 16S rRNA sequencing.Methods: Nitrogen fixing microsymbionts (Rhizobium strains) from root nodules of blackgram were isolated on yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA) medium. The pure cultures were maintained at 28±2°C for 48 h. Identification of Rhizobium isolates was done by using various tests and Morphological characterization of isolates was also done by using standard microbiological methods. The PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of isolates were carried out to identify the isolates.Result: In the present study four strains of Rhizobium designated as VM-2, VM-8, VM-9 and VM-15 were isolated. Morphologically colonies of all strains are round, transparent, entire, convex and smooth. They are Gram-ve and rod shaped. Mucilage production is noticed in VM-2, VM-8 and VM-9. The 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain VM-2 showed a close relation with Rhizobium, VM-8 and VM-9 with Bradyrhizobium where as VM-15 with Achromobater. It was concluded that the symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria isolated from the root nodules of blackgram cultivated in rice fallows exhibited high genetic diversity.
Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex III: Neutron Devices and Computational and Sample Environments

Neutron devices such as neutron detectors, optical devices including supermirror devices and 3He neutron spin filters, and choppers are successfully developed and installed at the Materials Life Science Facility (MLF) of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), Tokai, Japan. Four software components of MLF computational environment, instrument control, data acquisition, data analysis, and a database, have been developed and equipped at MLF. MLF also provides a wide variety of sample environment options including high and low temperatures, high magnetic fields, and high pressures. This paper describes the current status of neutron devices, computational and sample environments at MLF.
Biochemical Responses of Fingerling Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) Exposed to Sub-lethal Concentrations of Dichlorvos

Pesticide contaminations of surface waters have been well documented worldwide and cause a major issue that gives rise to concerns at local, regional, national and global scales due to the adverse effects of pesticide on the environment (Planas et al., 1997). Pesticides contain poisonous substances that distort water quality and impose physiological stress on biotic community of the water body, which is the home of fish. Synthetic pesticides, especially organochlorines and organophosphates have become increasingly important additions to chemical wastes polluting natural aquatic ecosystems and many of these are considered hazardous because of their ability to kill or immobilize organisms even at very low concentrations. Such toxicants reduce the ability of the species to compete in their natural environment by altering the physiological status and inducing morbidity. The harmful effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms are due to indiscriminate use, careless handling, accidental spillage or discharge of untreated International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 10 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Perpetuation of subsistence farming in Western Balkans: the role of factor market imperfections

The paper analyses the imperfections in output and factor markets in Kosovo that act as a barrier to farm commercialisation. On the one hand, agricultural households may not have access to output market due to an underdeveloped downstream sector. On the other, local producers might not be preferred to importers as their production level is small with a variable quality due to constraints in factor markets. Data from the Agricultural Household Survey 2005 are used. A conceptual framework is developed on the basis of a household model where non-separability results from a “wedge” between purchase and sale prices due to transaction costs. The share of the output sold in the total value of output is regressed over a set of explanatory variables. A truncated regression is employed due to the high percentage of the dependent variable having the value of zero. Many of the observations do not contain all three factor prices - land rent, wages and interest. For this reason three separate regressions are run, each containing one of the prices. The model including wages is non-separable. Households with more members sell less as they have preferences for household needs. This calls for active rural development and educational policy which can create labour opportunities for agricultural households.
Explorer Trade Transparency and Trading Volume

The EC Directive on financial instruments markets 2004 (MiFID) has introduced a number of order and trade publication obligations imposed on organised exchanges, alternative trading systems (ATS), and the class of broker dealers that execute transactions in shares internally. This article investigates the impact of MiFID’s trade transparency rules on the trading volume of EU equity markets in a forward-looking mode. We use data extracted from the closest possible precedent and examine trading volume levels before and after trading in FTSE100 stocks on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) shifted from the quote-driven Stock Exchange Automatic Quotation System (SEAQ) to the order-driven securities electronic trading service (SETS). This change resulted in significantly increased transparency standards. Trading volume is measured on the basis of three criteria: volume-based turnover, value-based turnover and turnover ratio. No evidence is found indicating that higher transparency standards lead per se to higher levels of trading volume. Therefore, the impact of MiFID’s transparency rules on trading volume in EU equity markets should become a matter of further study following their implementation.
Effectiveness of Interactive Multimedia Compact Disc and Web Page in Knowledge Gain and Symbolic Adoption among Tribal Farm Women

A study was conducted in two villages of Kothagiri block of Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu. The plant protection measures in tea crop for the pest red spider mite and blister blight disease was selected as the technology. Considering its prime importance, a newness and demand from the tribal farm women and the reconnaissance survey made in the study area paved way to select the technology. The present study was conducted with a specific objective to know the effectiveness of the Interactive Multimedia Compact Disc (IMCD) and Web page in terms of knowledge gain and symbolic adoption by the tribal farm women. Four treatments namely Interactive Multimedia Compact Disc (T1), Interactive Multimedia Compact Disc followed by discussion (T2), Web page(T3), Web page followed by discussion (T4) were tested for their effectiveness. The effectiveness was studied in terms of knowledge gain and symbolic adoption for all the four treatments. Interactive Multimedia Compact Disc (T1) was found to be most effective and superior in imparting knowledge. All the four treatments were effective in imparting knowledge with considerable variation in their effectiveness. Among the four treatments Interactive Multimedia Compact Disc followed by discussion (T2) had highest symbolic adoption score. Moreover, there existed significant difference between the four treatments in influencing the symbolic adoption.
THE ROLE OF INFERENCE IN

Various factors influencing the drawing of inferences during discourse conprehension have been identified. However, it is not known whether these factors influence how explicitly speakers convey certain information. Do speakers structure their productions with their listener's inferential capabilities in mind? In particular, do they vary the explicitness of a message in accordance with a listener's likelihood of inferring the intended information? This question weexamined in terms of instrument inferences. It was hypothesized that if a highly likely instrument is used in an activity, speakers will not mention the instrument. However, if a less probable instrument is used,' they will specify the object in order to counter the drawing of an incorrect instrument inference. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that explicitness would be influenced by the relative importance of the instrument later on in the discourse. These predictions were examined using hearing and hearing-impaired speakers. Thirty-six college students were asked to read a series of 20 paragraphs. After each one. they were to re-tell the story in their own words to the examiner. The hearing-impaired students were instructed to use either speech or simultaneous communication' whichever was their most comfortable means of communication. After all the stories were finished, the subjects were given an instrument recall test. A coding of "1" indicated that the speaker explicitly mentioned the instrument along with the action. On the main dependent variable, the number of "I's. " the performances of the hearing and hearing-impaired students were quite similar. For both groups the main effect of frequency was highly significant. The effect of importance approached, but did not reach, significance. There was a significantly greater tendency to explicitl) mention the legs likely or infrequent instrument than the frequent one.Thus. --bi;th groups of speakers conformed to the Gricean Maxim of "quantity" hY only being explicit when to do otherwise would have been misleading. The success nf the speakers in drawing inferences was/measured by the recall task. There were some d4ffereaces here between the hearing and hearing-impa'red speakers. The hearing speakers made very few errors in recall. However, the hearing-impaired speakers erred on 10-15% of the items and almost all of these recall errors involved infrequent instruments. The study thus revealed that both hearing and hearing-impaired speakers structure their messages in accordance with the inferential needs of their listeners. It also suggested that both groups automatically infer the most likely instrument during input, but that the hearing-impaired speakers ma be less sensitive to the resulting discrepancies. 2 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL FESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER FRIG. Effective Comeunication
The power law model applied to the marathon world record

In September 2013 the world record in the marathon men's race was broken. The aim of this study is to apply to the 2013 Berlin Marathon a mathematical model based on the power law that analyses the marks distribution and checks its connection. The results show that the correlations obtained in all the different categories have been very significant, with a result of ( r ≥ 0.978; p < 0.000) and a linear determination coefficient of ( R 2 ≥ 0.969). As a conclusion it could be said that the power law application to the 2013 Berlin Marathon Men's race has been an useful and feasible study, and the connection between the data and the mathematical model has been so accurate.
Enhanced Bacter ic idal Activ i ty against Escherichia col i in Calves Fed Morinda citr i fol ia ( Noni ) Puree

Background: Although adequate colostrum intake and properly used antibiotics can provide much protection for the bovine neonate, increased antibiotic scrutiny and consumer demand for organic products have prompted investigations of natural immunomodulators for enhancing calf health. One plant-based immunomodulator,Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit, is a wellrecognized natural product that has a broad range of immunomodulatory effects. Hypothesis: Neonatal calves fed noni puree would demonstrate whole blood phagocytic capacity in Gram-negative and Gram-positive in vitro assays. Animals: Blood samples from 18 neonatal Holstein bull calves. Methods: Calves were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 comprised control calves, whereas Group 2 received 30mL of noni puree twice a day in milk replacer. Day 0 blood samples were obtained between 36 and 48 hours of age before the first feeding of puree. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid anticoagulated blood was collected from each calf on days 0, 3, 7, and 14. Bactericidal assays were performed to estimate the percentage killing of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Results: Blood samples from noni puree-fed calves displayed significantly more E. coli bacterial killing than did controls on day 14, and although differences were not significant on days 0, 3, and 7, bacterial killing progressively increased over time. There was no significant difference between the groups for S. epidermidis killing. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The immunomodulatory effect of noni puree may prove valuable in the future as production animal antibiotic use becomes more restricted. Additional clinical trials are warranted to investigate the clinical application of noni puree in promoting calf health.
Poligame Nylkrokodille (Crocodylus niloticus) op ŉ krokodilplaas: Vrugvliese vertel die storie

Affi liasies: aDepartement Produksiedierstudies, Fakulteit Veeartsenykunde, Universiteit van Pretoria, Privaasak X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Suid-Afrika bDepartement Fisika, Fakulteit Natuuren Landbouwetenskappe, Universiteit van Pretoria, Privaatsak X20, Ha ield, 0028, Suid-Afrika cEkso ese Leer Navorsingsentrum, Fakulteit Veeartsenykunde, Privaatsak X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Suid-Afrika dVeterinêre Gene ka Laboratorium, Fakulteit Veeartsenykunde, Universiteit van Pretoria. Veterinêre Gene ka Laboratorium, Fakulteit Veeartsenykunde, Privaatsak X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Suid-Afrika
On the State and Stability of Fuel Cell Catalyst Inks

Catalyst layers (CL), as an active component of the catalyst coated membrane (CCM), form the heart of the proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). For optimum performance of the fuel cell, obtaining suitable structural and functional characteristics for the CL is crucial. Direct tuning of the microstructure and morphology of the CL is non-trivial; hence catalyst inks as CL precursors need to be modulated, which are then applied onto a membrane to form the CCM. Obtaining favorable dispersion characteristics forms an important prerequisite in engineering catalyst inks for large scale manufacturing. In order to facilitate a knowledge-based approach for developing fuel cell inks, this work introduces new tools and methods to study both the dispersion state and stability characteristics, simultaneously. Catalyst inks were prepared using different processing methods, which include stirring and ultrasonication. The proposed tools are used to characterize and elucidate the effects of the processing method. Structural characterization of the dispersed particles and their assemblages was carried out by means of transmission electron microscopy. Analytical centrifugation (AC) was used to study the state and stability of the inks. Herein, we introduce new concepts, S score, and stability trajectory, for a time-resolved assessment of inks in their native state using AC. The findings were validated and rationalized using transmittograms as a direct visualization technique. The flowability of inks was investigated by rheological measurements. It was found that probe sonication only up to an optimum amplitude leads to a highly stable colloidal ink.
An Historical Light Curve of CF Octantis from Digitised Images of the Bamberg Plate Archive

Abstract Digital images were made of Bamberg Observatory Sky Patrol plates of the field surrounding the active-chromosphere star CF Octantis (HD 196818). These images, taken with an inexpensive camera, were analysed using standard aperture photometry techniques. Good agreement was found with catalogued photographic magnitudes for stars in the range m pg ∼8.5 to ∼10.5. The root-mean-square deviations in the measured differences for non-variable field stars was found to be of order 0.10 mag, although a small number of larger differences occurred. For CF Oct, a period search of data from 1966 recovered the known 20 d variation due to starspot rotational modulation, with a range of variation of order 0.5 mag photographic. For active-chromosphere stars with moderately large photometric variations (>∼0.3 mag), and moderate to long rotation periods (>∼1 week), careful analysis of similarly obtained digital copies of archive plates may provide valuable insights into historical actvity.
Maximising Renewable Energy Integration within Electrical Networks

The worldwide capacity of renewable energy generation is set to increase significantly. With the resource dictating that much of this new plant connect to distribution networks a range of technical and economic issues arise. This paper briefly reviews the technical problems associated with the connection of renewable energy at distribution-level and the means of integrating renewables available at present and in the near future. Further, it examines the issues surrounding current connection practices in terms of the potential for inadvertently limiting network capability to absorb new renewable energy. Finally, it demonstrates the use of optimal power flow techniques that could assist in maximising renewable generation capacity in the electricity market.
Tunable Eigenvector-Based Centralities for Multiplex and Temporal Networks

Characterizing the importances of nodes in social, biological, information and technological networks is a core topic for the network-science and data-science communities. We present a linear-algebraic framework that generalizes eigenvector-based centralities---including PageRank---to provide a common framework for two popular classes of multilayer networks: multiplex networks with layers encoding different types of relationships and temporal networks in which the relationships change in time. Our approach involves the study of joint, marginal, and conditional supracentralities that can be obtained from the dominant eigenvector of a supracentrality matrix [Taylor et al., 2017], which couples centrality matrices that are associated with the individual network layers. We extend this prior work (which was restricted to temporal networks with layers that are coupled by undirected, adjacent-in-time coupling) by allowing the layers to be coupled through a (possibly asymmetric) interlayer adjacency matrix $\tilde{\bf A}$ in which each entry gives the coupling between layers $t$ and $t'$. Our framework provides a unifying foundation for centrality analysis of multiplex and/or temporal networks and reveals a complicated dependency of the supracentralities on the topology of interlayer coupling. We scale $\tilde{\bf A}$ by a coupling strength $\omega\ge0$ and develop singular perturbation theory for the limits of weak ($\omega\to0^+$) and strong coupling ($\omega\to\infty$), revealing an interesting dependence on the dominant eigenvectors of $\tilde{\bf A}$. We apply the framework to two empirical data sets: a multiplex network representation of airline transportation in Europe, and a temporal network encoding the graduation and hiring of mathematicians at U.S. colleges and universities.
Genome Size and Complexity in Azotobacter chvoococcum

All of eight strains of Azotobacter chroococcurn examined contained between two and six plasmids ranging from 7 to >200 MDal in size. Strain MCC-1, a derivative of NCIMB 8003, was cured of various of the four largest of its five plasmids and the phenotypes of the strains compared. All fixed nitrogen and exhibited uptake hydrogenase activity. No differences were observed in carbon source utilization or antibiotic, heavy metal or UV resistance. The genome sizes of two strains of A. chroococcurn were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Strain CW8, an isolate from local soil containing two small plasmids of 6 and 6-5 MDal contained unique DNA sequences equivalent to 1.78 x lo6 (+20%) bp (1-2 x lo9 Dal). In strain MCD-1, a derivative of MCC-1, containing a 190 MDal and 7 MDal plasmid, the genome size was 1.94 x lo6 ( f 20%) bp. In exponential batch cultures, both contained 20 to 25 genome equivalents per cell. MCD-1 exhibited complex UV kill kinetics with a marked plateau of resistance; CW8 showed a simple response inconsistent with the possibility of organization of its DNA into identical chromosome copies capable of independent segregation.