Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stemming and lemmatization: A comparison of retrieval performances

The current study proposes to compare document retrieval precision performances based on language modeling techniques, particularly stemming and lemmatization. Stemming is a procedure to reduce all words with the same stem to a common form whereas lemmatization removes inflectional endings and returns the base or dictionary form of a word. Comparisons were also made between these two techniques with a baseline ranking algorithm (i.e. with no language processing). A search engine was developed and the algorithms were tested based on a test collection. Both mean average precisions and histograms indicate stemming and lemmatization to outperform the baseline algorithm. As for the language modeling techniques, lemmatization produced better precision compared to stemming, however the differences are insignificant. Overall the findings suggest that language modeling techniques improves document retrieval, with lemmatization technique producing the best result.
Investigating the cause of the α–z relation

The correlation between radio spectral index and redshift has long been used to identify high redshift radio galaxies, but its cause is unknown. Traditional explanations invoke either $(i)$ intrinsic relations between spectral index and power, $(ii)$ environmental differences at high redshift, or $(iii)$ higher inverse Compton losses due to the increased photon energy density of the cosmic microwave background. In this paper we investigate whether the increased inverse Compton losses alone can cause the observed spectral index - redshift correlation by using spectral modelling of nearby radio galaxies to simulate high redshift equivalents. We then apply selection effects and directly compare the simulated radio galaxy sample with an observed sample with sufficient redshift coverage. We find excellent agreement between the two, implying that inverse Compton losses and selection effects alone can largely reproduce the observed spectral index - redshift correlation.
Topological Superconductivity Could be a Twist Away Theoretical models of twisted graphene bilayers explain a recently detected superconducting phase , which might harbor topological states that are desired for quantum computing

N o one would dispute that graphene is an exciting material, or that its discoverers were worthy of a Nobel prize [1]. But if you’re a lover of materials in which electrons are strongly correlated, graphene’s single layer of carbon atoms hasn’t been much of a draw. That impression changed earlier this year, when two exceptional experiments were reported on “twisted graphene. ” This atypical form of graphene consists of a pair of closely spaced graphene layers rotated so that their carbon atoms are slightly out of alignment (Fig. 1). The first experiment showed that a small twist angle caused the conduction electrons to form a Mott insulator [2], in which the charges are “frozen” onto distinct lattice sites by strong electron-electron interactions. The second experiment revealed that the insulator can be transformed into a superconductor by using various applied voltages to control the electron density in the graphene layers [3]. This observed transition from Mott insulator to superconductor suggests that graphene exhibits an unconventional form of superconductivity, as found in high-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors.
Loop expansion around the Bethe approximation through the M-layer construction

For every physical model defined on a generic graph or factor graph, the Bethe M-layer construction allows building a different model for which the Bethe approximation is exact in the large M limit, and coincides with the original model for M=1. The 1/M perturbative series is then expressed by a diagrammatic loop expansion in terms of so-called fat diagrams. Our motivation is to study some important second-order phase transitions that do exist on the Bethe lattice, but are either qualitatively different or absent in the corresponding fully connected case. In this case, the standard approach based on a perturbative expansion around the naive mean field theory (essentially a fully connected model) fails. On physical grounds, we expect that when the construction is applied to a lattice in finite dimension there is a small region of the external parameters, close to the Bethe critical point, where strong deviations from mean-field behavior will be observed. In this region, the 1/M expansion for the corrections diverges, and can be the starting point for determining the correct non-mean-field critical exponents using renormalization group arguments. In the end, we will show that the critical series for the generic observable can be expressed as a sum of Feynman diagrams with the same numerical prefactors of field theories. However, the contribution of a given diagram is not evaluated by associating Gaussian propagators to its lines, as in field theories: one has to consider the graph as a portion of the original lattice, replacing the internal lines with appropriate one-dimensional chains, and attaching to the internal points the appropriate number of infinite-size Bethe trees to restore the correct local connectivity of the original model. The actual contribution of each (fat) diagram is the so-called line-connected observable, which also includes contributions from sub-diagrams with appropriate prefactors. In order to compute the corrections near to the critical point, Feynman diagrams (with their symmetry factors) can be read directly from the appropriate field-theoretical literature; the computation of momentum integrals is also quite similar; the extra work consists of computing the line-connected observable of the associated fat diagram in the limit of all lines becoming infinitely long.
Evaluation bioactivity of a Sea cucumber, Stichopus hermanni from Persian Gulf

Within the frame of a biodiversity and bioactivity study of marine macro organisms from the Persian Gulf, Stichopus hermanni a sea cucumber species extracts were investigated for cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal activities against five human pathogenic microorganisms. All concentrations of extracts showed no antibacterial activity towards the tested strains. In antifungal assays the sea cucumber extracts showed significant activity solely against Aspergilus niger with MICs ranging from 3 to 15 μg/ml. The highest antifungal activity was found in body wall (MeOH) extract with an inhibition zone of 38 mm against A. niger at 18 μg/ml extract concentration. Body wall and Cuvierian organ extracts of this species exhibited cytotoxic activities. It is important for future research to concentrate on finding the mechanisms employed by sea cucumbers to defend themselves against invasion, the mechanism of infections and the type of chemical compounds in S. hermanni extracts that inhibit antifungal growth or proliferation in less exploited areas such as the Persian Gulf.
0 60 60 06 v 1 5 J un 2 00 6 Search for the Θ + ( 1540 ) in lattice QCD

We report on a study of the pentaquark Θ(1540), using a variety of different interpolating fields. We use Chirally Improved fermions in combination with Jacobi smeared quark sources to improve the signal and get reliable results even for small quark masses. The results of our quenched calculations, which have been done on a 12 × 24 lattice with a lattice spacing of a = 0.148 fm, do not provide any evidence for the existence of a Θ with positive parity. We do observe, however, a signal compatible with nucleon-kaon scattering state. For the negative parity the results are inconclusive, due to the potential mixture with nucleon-kaon and N∗-kaon scattering states. PACS. 12.38. Gc Lattice QCD calculations
Forensic investigation of P 2 P cloud storage services and backbone for IoT networks

Cloud computing has been regarded as the technology enabler for the Internet of Things (IoT). To ensure the most effective collection of IoT-based evidence, it is vital for forensic practitioners to possess a contemporary understanding of the artefacts from different cloud services. In this paper, we seek to determine the data remnants from the use of BitTorrent Sync version 2.0. Findings from our research using mobile and computer devices running Windows 8.1, Mac OS X Mavericks 10.9. 5, Ubuntu 14.04. 1 LTS, iOS 7.1. 2, and Android KitKat 4.4. 4 suggested that artefacts relating to the installation, uninstallation, log-in, log-off, and file synchronisation could be recovered, which are potential sources of IoT forensics. We also present a forensically sound investigation methodology for BitTorrent Sync.
Comparison of risk assessment scales for pressure ulcers in critically ill patients

Objective: To compare the Norton, Braden and Waterlow scales of risk for pressure ulcer in critically ill patients. Methods: An exploratory and longitudinal study covering 42 patients who were evaluated for 15 days or at least 10 consecutive days, in three intensive care units within Fortaleza, Brazil, from March to July 2009. Each patient was evaluated, simultaneously, by three nurses, each of whom was responsible for the application of only one of the scales. Results: There was a 59.5% incidence of ulcers and an increase in score of Norton (p = 0.028) and Braden (p = 0.004) scales, between the 1 st -15 th day, and the Waterlow (p = 0.005) between the 1 st -10 th . When compared to Norton and Braden, the Waterlow scores steadily increased (p <0.001). Patients with high and very high risk, 2% and 92%, respectively, developed ulcers (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The Waterlow scale showed higher scores in the risk assessment for pressure ulcers in relation to the Norton and Braden scales. Descriptors: Pressure ulcer; Risk assessment; Scales
Author ' s personal copy CHAPTER FOUR Sperm Patch-Clamp

Sperm intracellular pH and calcium concentration ([Ca]i) are two central factors that control sperm activity within the female reproductive tract. As such, the ion channels of the sperm plasmamembrane that alter intracellular sperm [Ca2þ] and pH play important roles in sperm physiology and the process of fertilization. Indeed, sperm ion channels regulate spermmotility, control sperm chemotaxis toward the egg in some species, and may trigger the acrosome reaction. Until recently, our understanding of these important molecules was rudimentary due to the inability to patch-clamp spermatozoa and directly record the activity of these ion channels under voltage clamp. Recently, we overcame this technical barrier and developed a method for reproducible application of the patch-clamp technique to mouse and human spermatozoa. This chapter covers important aspects of application of the patch-clamp technique to spermatozoa, such as
Neurological manifestations of dengue viral infection

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2014:5 95–104 Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine Dovepress
Twenty Steps Towards an Adequate Inferential Interpretation of p-Values in Econometrics

Abstract We suggest twenty immediately actionable steps to reduce widespread inferential errors related to “statistical significance testing. ” Our propositions refer to the theoretical preconditions for using p-values. They furthermore include wording guidelines as well as structural and operative advice on how to present results, especially in research based on multiple regression analysis, the working horse of empirical economists. Our propositions aim at fostering the logical consistency of inferential arguments by avoiding false categorical reasoning. They are not aimed at dispensing with p-values or completely replacing frequentist approaches by Bayesian statistics.
Author ' s personal copy CHAPTER Surprise : A belief or an emotion ? 1

Surprise is a fundamental link between cognition and emotion. It is shaped by cognitive assessments of likelihood, intuition, and superstition, and it in turn shapes hedonic experiences. We examine this connection between cognition and emotion and offer an explanation called decision affect theory. Our theory predicts the affective consequences of mistaken beliefs, such as overconfidence and hindsight. It provides insight about why the pleasure of a gain can loom larger than the pain of a comparable loss. Finally, it explains cross-cultural differences in emotional reactions to surprising events. By changing the nature of the unexpected (from chance to good luck), one can alter the emotional reaction to surprising events.
Learning to Drive: Using Visual Odometry to Bootstrap Deep Learning for Off-Road Path Prediction

Autonomous driving is a fieldcurrently gaining a lot of attention, and recently ‘end to end’ approaches, whereby a machine learning algorithm learns to drive by emulating human drivers, have demonstrated significant potential. However, recent work has focused on the on-road environment, rather than the much more challenging off-road environment. In this work we propose a new approach to this problem, whereby instead of learning to predict immediate driver control inputs, we train a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the future path that a vehicle will take through an offroad environment visually, addressing several limitations inherent in existing methods. We combine a novel approach to automatic training data creation, making use of stereoscopic visual odometry, with a state of the art CNN architecture to ap a predicted route directly onto image pixels, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using our own off-road data set.
Power halo and magnetic shadow in a solar quiet region observed in the Hα line

Context. We investigate the oscillatory behavior of the quiet solar chromosphere and its discrete, in terms of oscillation properties, components, i.e. network and internetwork. For this purpose, we use a time series of high resolution filtergrams at 5 wavelengths along the H profile, obtained by the Dutch Open Telescope. Aims. We aim to gain insight on the distribution of power in di erent period bands and its variation between network and internetwork. Our spectral resolution provides information on the vertical distribution of power, since the H line has both photospheric and chromospheric components. We investigate the e ect of H mottles on chromospheric oscillations, since they are the most prominent feature of the H chromosphere and outline inclined magnetic fields. Methods. We use wavelet and phase di erence analyses of H intensities and Doppler signals. Two‐dimensional power maps in the 3, 5 and 7 min period bands as well as coherence and phase di erence maps were constructed. Results. At photospheric heights, where the H 0.7 A wing is formed, the 3 and 5 min power is enhanced around the network, and forms power halos. Higher in the chromosphere these areas are replaced by magnetic shadows, i.e. places of power suppression. Interestingly, the power maps show a filamentary structure in the network which correlates very well with mottles. These areas show positive phase di erences at the 3 min period band. At the 5 min and 7 min period bands both positive and negative phase di erences are obtained with an increased number of pixels with high coherence, indicating the existence of both upward and downward propagating waves. Conclusions. We attribute our findings to the interaction between acoustic oscillations and the magnetic fields that constitute the magnetic network. The network flux tubes diverge at chromospheric levels and obtain a significant horizontal component, which is betrayed by the presence of mottles. The variation of power reveals the discrete role of the magnetic field at di erent heights, which guides or suppresses the oscillations, depending on its inclination. Spectral resolution in H provides useful information on the coupling between the acoustic sub-canopy atmosphere and the magnetized chromosphere.
Characterization of a Martin-Puplett interferometer of a 2 . 6 THz heterodyne receiver

In this proceeding we characterize the MartinPuplett interferometer (MPI) of a 2.6 THz heterodyne receiver. It it is used to overlay the sky and the local oscillator signal before the mixer. By measuring each component of the MPI and by calculating the atmospheric losses, we could attribute the largest losses in the MPI to the atmospheric transmission and irregular spacings of the wires in a wire grid.
On the Linkage between the International Crude Oil Price and Stock Markets: Evidence from the Nordic and Other European Oil Importing and Oil Exporting Countries

The paper investigates the interrelationship between the stock market and the crude oil price for the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and two other European countries that have the highest imports (Germany) and exports (Russia) of oil using data from 1995 to the end of 2015. We found that the time-varying correlation among the oil exporting (importing) countries are different. We also found that the two oil exporting countries (Norway and Russia) have higher integration with the Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil indices, which reveals that these markets are less attractive to international investors during periods of high turbulence. Furthermore, contrary to previous literature documenting negative relations between the stock market and crude oil, our results demonstrate that, although the negative association was evident up to the period prior to the global financial crisis (GFC), starting from the GFC period (especially for the oil importing countries), we noticed a positive time-varying relationship that continued until the end of our sample study. In addition, the time-varying correlation response was more pronounced during the financial market turmoil of 2015. Further, we investigated the two price indices (Brent and WTI) using the Markov regime-switching autoregressive (MRS-AR) approach to model periods of high volatility (turbulence) and low volatility (stable period). The Markov model revealed that in regime 0 (1998-2002, 2008-2009, and 2015), which can be characterized as the most volatile period for the oil market, the probability reached close to 1. We noticed that during the GFC and in the period prior to the GFC, the time-varying relationship was positive and at a higher level in high-volatility regimes, whereas during low-volatility regimes the time-varying relationship was negative and at a low level.
Phase-Locking and Switching Volatility in Hedge Funds

This article aims to investigate the phase-locking and switching volatility in the idiosyncratic risk factor of hedge funds using switching regime beta models. This approach allows the analysis of hedge fund tail event behavior and in particular the changes in hedge fund exposure to various risk factors potentially related to liquidity risk, conditional on different states of the market. We and that in a normal state of the market, the exposure to risk factors could be very low but as soon as the market risk factor captured by the S&P500 moves to a down-market state characterized by negative returns and high volatility, the exposure of hedge fund indexes to the S&P500 and especially to other risk factors changes signi? cantly presenting evidence of phase-locking. We further extend the regime switching model to allow for non-linearity in residuals and show that switching regime models are able to capture and forecast the evolution of the idiosyncratic risk factor in terms of changes from a low volatility regime to a distressed state that are not directly related to market risk factors.
Person-Based Adaptive Priority Signal Control with Connected-Vehicle Information

The goal for transit signal priority (TSP) strategies is to improve the efficiency of urban transportation systems by promoting fast passage of system users. However, because conventional vehicle detection technologies require TSP strategies to be vehicle based, TSP may not lead to optimal results for person delay. This paper proposes a signal control model called PAPSCCI (person-based adaptive signal priority control with connected-vehicle information). First, by using vehicle speed and location information available from connected-vehicle technologies, the model explicitly computes individual vehicle delay. In this way the model avoids assumptions about vehicle arrivals, which often are inevitable in a delay calculation derived from a queuing model. Furthermore, in the model approach, the computation of delays for private vehicles is no different from that for public buses except in the priority level and unifies the two types of vehicles. With onboard passenger information, the PAPSCCI model computes person delay for every vehicle running through the intersection and offers a more accurate basis for person delay minimization. The performance of the PAPSCCI model is evaluated in a traffic simulation environment. Compared with the optimized timing from SYNCHRO, the PAPSCCI model produces 39%, 49%, and 30% decreases in bus passenger delays for one, two, and three conflicting bus routes, respectively. In addition, general automobiles experience about an 8% to 11% decrease in person delays, showing the potential of PAPSCCI as a general adaptive signal control model. Finally, a penetration rate study shows that the PAPSCCI model can consistently perform reasonably well even when only about 30% of vehicles are equipped with connected-vehicle technology.
The Moulting Stages of the Pea-Crab (Pinnotheres pisum)

Pinnotheres pisum is a small crab with a carapace between about 2−1 and 18 mm. wide. The females are commonly found parasitic in the mussel, Mytilus edulis, though they have been recorded from other bivalves. The males are free-swimming and are comparatively rarely found in mussels. These small crabs are never abundant, and not more than one female has ever been found in a mussel.
1 Polyetheroaryl oxadiazole / pyridine-based ligands : a 2 structural tuning for enhancing G-quadruplex 3 binding 4

Acyclic olygoheteroaryl-based compounds represent a valuable class of ligands for nucleic 16 acid recognition. In this regard, acyclic pyridyl polyoxazoles and polyoxadiazoles were recently 17 identified as selective G-quadruplex stabilizing compounds with high cytotoxicity and promising 18 anticancer activity. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a new family of polyheteroaryl 19 oxadiazole/pyridine-ligands targeting DNA G-quadruplexes. In order to perform a structure20 activity analysis identifying determinants of activity and selectivity, we followed a convergent 21 synthetic pathway to modulate the nature and number of the heterocycles (1,3-oxazole vs 1,2,422 oxadiazole and pyridine vs benzene). Each ligand was evaluated towards secondary nucleic acid 23 structures, which have been chosen as a prototype to mimic cancer-associated G-quadruplex 24 structures (e.g., the human telomeric sequence, c-myc and c-kit promoters). Interesting, 25 heptapyridyl-oxadiazole compounds showed preferential binding towards the telomeric sequence 26 (22AG) in competitive conditions vs duplex DNA. In addition, G4-FID assays suggest a different 27 binding mode from the classical stacking on the external G-quartet. Additionally, CD titrations in 28 the presence of the two most promising compounds for affinity, TOxAzaPy and TOxAzaPhen, 29 display a structural transition of 22AG in K-rich buffer. This investigation suggests that the pyridyl30 oxadiazole motif is a promising recognition element for G-quadruplexes, combining seven 31 heteroaryls in a single binding unit. 32