Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning in Average Reward Stochastic Games A Reinforcement Learning (Nash-R) Algorithm for Average Reward Irreducible Stochastic Games

A large class of sequential decision making problems under uncertainty with multiple competing decision makers can be modeled as stochastic games. It can be considered that the stochastic games are multiplayer extensions of Markov decision processes (MDPs). In this paper, we develop a reinforcement learning algorithm to obtain average reward equilibrium for irreducible stochastic games. In our approach, we first define a sequence of auxiliary matrix games having equivalent equilibrium points and values to the above mentioned stochastic games. We then extend the theory of RL algorithms for average reward MDPs to learn the elements of the matrix games. A convergence analysis of the algorithm is developed from the study of the asymptotic behavior of its two time scale stochastic approximation scheme and the stability of the associated ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The learning algorithm is tested using a grid world game.
First Record of Mint Leaf Beetle, Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Iraq

شخصت الحشرة وسميت بوساطة المركز الوطني للمعلومات التقنية الحياتية على انها خنفساء اوراق النعناع Chrysolina herbacea alnadawi (Duftschmid,1825 ), (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) بوساطة تحليل الحامض النووي DNA واظهر النتائج تشابة تسلسل النيوكلوتايدات بنسبة 73٪ معChrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid,1825 )، مؤكدة أنها سجلت لأول مرة في العراق والعالم العربي، فضلا عن بلدان الشرق الأوسط بوساطة تحليل الحمض النووي، وقد تم تسميتها خنفساء ورقة النعناع Chrysolina herbacea alnadawi (Duftschmid,1825 ) . سجلت كافة جديدة على نبات النعناع Mentha puleguim(L,1753 )(Lamiaceae). وقد لوحظت هذه الحشرات في اول مرة خلال شهر آب / أغسطس 2017 في الحدائق في حي البنوك في بغداد.
Recommendation System for E-commerce Based on Clustering and Association Rules

[Objective]To generate recommendations based on customers’ behavior history and to evaluate it preliminary. [Methods] This paper clusters customers and uses the result to generate association rules. Then it calculates customers’ interests on each commodity. Finally the recommendation results are obtained. [Results]The performance of this method is pretty good when we use date from ‘Taobao’. It indicates that this idea is correct and it is significant for us to improve it later. [Limitations] This paper did not make good use of all data and the result of clustering and association rules should be improved. [Conclusions]This method can generate desirable recommendation results and it is meaningful to improve it in later research.
SINGLE-STAGE ASSIMILATION PROCESS

ICT has become one of the major push factors for modern governments around the world for improving service delivery and gaining competitive advantage. In this study, we used the Diffusion of Innovation theory (DOI) and the Institutional theory to develop a conceptual framework to investigate the critical factors that affect the assimilation of ICT-led innovation in the public sector organizations of Bangladesh. Nine factors identified from the review of literature were then integrated into a TOE framework to establish a conceptual model for this study. Subsequently, 417 respondents from 175 public sector organizations took part in the survey. Then, an in-depth analysis was carried out. The findings of this research enrich the current literature and enhance practitioners’ understanding of the decision-making processes involved in the process of assimilation. It sheds new light on how ICT-led innovation becomes shaped and routinized within organizational settings and beyond their boundaries.
Association of Intermittent and Continuous Hypoxaemia with Carotid and Brachial Arterial Intima-media Thicknesses.

Abstract We hypothesized that the effect of intermittent and continuous hypoxia on carotid and brachial artery intima-media thicknesses (IMTs) may be similar. We aimed to assess the carotid and brachial arteries' IMTs in cases with intermittent [obstructive sleep apnea syndrome] (OSAS) and continuous (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) [COPD] hypoxemia together with other confounding demographic and biochemical factors. The study was prospectively performed on 197 patients allocated in three groups: 80 patients with severe OSAS, 80 severe COPD patients and 37 healthy controls. These groups were compared in-terms of demographics, biochemical markers and IMTs of the right and left carotid and brachial arteries. Carotid and brachial arterial IMTs were found to be higher in both patient groups than the contro group (p
Identifying the City Personality from Text Messages transmitted over SNS with Location Information

Introduction This study tries to develop a novel method to identify city personality, which characterizes a city to distinguish it from other cities. It is important for city development. Activities in cities fitting their personality will attract people and vitalize cities themselves. The city personality is also important from the political, economic, and social point of views. However, it is always underlying as a principal problem how to identify the city personality. A promising method is taking survey by questionnaire, but is labor-consuming. I have tried to utilize social networking services (SNSs). That is, text messages transmitted over SNSs originated from a city are used to identify the city personality instead of taking survey by questionnaire. A score of each questionnaire item is automatically calculated from messages according to how many words relating to the questionnaire item appeared in the messages. I would like to note here that the proposed method is not limited to calculate city personality but can be used in other cases of taking survey by questionnaire. A Big Five personality test has been used as a base questionnaire, which measures degrees of five factors representing human personality. It is well studied in psychology and there have been a variety of questionnaire items proposed. I have used 32 popular questionnaire items in experiments. The proposed method automatically calculates scores for each of the 32 questionnaire items from text messages in a city, which are used to evaluate degrees of five factors of personality. Resulting traits do not represent personality of single person but people staying in the city where text messages have been exchanged. It might be called the city personality. There are several major SNSs to be able to choose, such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google+, etc. In many services, users can add location information to text messages to indicate where the messages are sent from. I can use any of them but here have chosen Twitter. There have been studies trying to utilize Twitter to detect special events in a specific area like earthquake [1,2] or festivals [3,4].
Iteration Based Low Complex Antenna Selection Algorithm for IEEE 802.16E Network

In this paper, Iteration based low complex antenna selection algorithm is considered to enhance capacity of the MIMO MC CDMA system in IEEE 802.16e network. The MIMO MC CDMA system increases transmission reliability and supports high data rate. The demand for quality of service increases the cost of hardware and complexity of signal processing in large antenna array system. Iteration based receiver antenna selection (IBS) algorithm is proposed to select optimal antenna based on the knowledge of channel state information. IBS algorithm selects an antenna which receives less correlated signal with maximum signal interference noise ratio at first and subsequent antenna selection are based on the SNR value. Simulation results presented in this paper demonstrate that the proposed antenna selection algorithm reduces computation complexity and increases capacity with increase in diversity.
Constructing an algorithm of quadratic time complexity for finding the maximal matching

By advancing the idea of finding width in bipartite graphs and basic definitions in matching theory, this paper shows that the task on establishing a maximal matching in an arbitrary graph can be reduced to its bipartite case. It has been proven that each current matching in an arbitrary graph is mutually consistent with the matching in a bipartite graph. It is demonstrated that each of the current solutions to the problem on establishing a maximum matching in an arbitrary graph is not lost when moving to the iterative scheme of establishing the maximum matching in a bipartite graph. To find a prolonged path relative to the fixed matching of power k, it has been proposed a modification to known algorithm for finding paths from this a given vertex to all attainable vertices of the arbitrary graph. Performance of the proposed modification has been illustrated using an example. Based on the ideas outlined, the proven statements, the proposed algorithms and their modifications, an algorithm has been constructed for finding the maximum matching with an improved time estimate compared to the known Edmons algorithm, which possesses a temporal assessment of complexity O(n 4 ). The main drawback of the Edmons algorithm is the use of laborious procedure for compressing the odd-length cycles called "flowers", which renders the algorithm unsuitable for use in real-scale systems. Other known algorithms differ from the Edmons algorithm only by a better data storage and computational organization, while maintaining complex actions in detecting and packaging the odd-length cycles. The proposed approach of moving from an arbitrary graph to a bipartite graph prevented the occurrence of odd-length cycles, which has made it possible to significantly improve the algorithm efficiency. Further performance improvement is possible by building parallel versions of the algorithm and the optimal arrangement of data storage
Development of genomics tools and elite broodstock for Atlantic cod culture in Canada

In recent years, there has been interest in the development Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) mariculture in North America, Norway, the UK, the Faroe Islands and Iceland (Kjesbu et al. 2006). This arose mainly because depressed cod stocks, such as those in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, showed little sign of recovery and this provided an opportunity for cultured cod to augment wild cod in traditional or newly developed markets. Cod culture in Canada began in the 1980s in Newfoundland and was routinely based on gametes collected from wild broodstock (F0) or the growout of wild caught juveniles known as cod ranching (Brown et al. 2003, Kjesbu et al. 2006). With the cod moratorium in eastern Canada beginning in 1992, cod culture techniques to consistently produce juveniles for farming were developed in Newfoundland and elsewhere (Brown et al. 2003). In addition, a shift in gadoid species research occurred from haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) to cod in New Brunswick in 2004, due in part to a change in industrial partners and the observed poor growth rate of cage-reared haddock (Frantsi et al. 2002, Bjørnsson et al. 2010). Within this context and, given the regional and national importance of aquaculture, the $18.1 million Atlantic Cod Genomics and Broodstock Development Project (CGP; www.codgene.ca) was funded in part by Genome Canada, Genome Atlantic and the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency (ACOA) in 2006, with the objective of developing a cod breeding program and a set of genomics tools in conjunction with industry to accelerate the development of Atlantic cod aquaculture in Atlantic Canada (Figure 1). This article briefly summarizes the structure of the CGP, its significance to cod culture and key achievements over the CGPs 4.5 year duration, and forecasts its legacy.
R&D EFFECT: MARKET ANOMALY OR ANOTHER OMITTED RISK FACTOR

The last 15 years, it was observed an unprecedented growth of R&D investment in many developed economies. This growth of R&D investment provided an ideal opportunity for researchers to consider the relation between R&D expenditures and subsequent earnings and more specifically the reflection of the market stock price in the value of R&D investments. The purpose of the research is to investigate if the association between R&D expenditures and the market stock price is due to a systematic mispricing or due to other omitted risk factors and if the immediate expensing of R&D is conservative or aggressive, relative to reporting under R&D capitalization. For that purpose, the sample will consist 17 IT firms that have R&D expenses, listed on the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE). The period will cover 5 years. These firms must also have a complete monthly stock return history to provide unbiased connection between earnings changes and excess returns. Finally, it will be used Accounting Data Stock price Data and maybe intangible assets Data. However, despite convergence initiatives, there are many differences between the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) framework and Greek Accounting Standards (GAS) framework, so it is important to analyze the differences in financial reporting relating to R&D capitalization.
THE ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF TOO BIG TO FAIL BANKS An institutional and behavioural perspective on the organizational field

This thesis investigates the human behaviour and institutional structures in the organizational environment of too big to fail banks and their importance of the overall financial stability. The thesis highlights and analyse the most significant reasons to the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. I focus on the organizational environment of too big to fail banks in USA. However, I include examples from other industrialized countries when applicable. The analysis and discussion build upon new institutional theory and behavioural economics. My findings indicate that the behaviour of both internal and external actors of the environment can be explained by behavioural biases. Furthermore, these biases have helped organizations to incorporate institutionalised myths, thus leading to a more homogenous organizational field of too big to fail banks.
Njegos’s The Mountain Wreath: The Text Behind Serbian Nationalism’s Racist Foundation Myth

This study investigates Serbian ultra-nationalism that is bent on the destruction of a multi-cultural community, Bosnia which is not wholly distinct. In the study of the avows of colonial-settlers—whose foundation myths assert absolute racial and cultural exclusivity based on the divine decree—the consequences in terms of ethnic cleansing is explained. Although, ultimately massacre of the indigenous minority populations look inevitable; and the following consequences may be insidious—especially if other powerful nations fail to intervene. To prevent dire consequences, it should be considered that failure may stem from the reality that the dominant powers share the racial or cultural bias of the colonizing power and therefore collude more or less overtly to assist the establishment of the aggressor. Thereby, they assist in the eclipse of the groups targeted for extermination. The Mountain Wreath by Petar Njegos, The Bridge on the Drina by Ivo Andric and The Bridge Betrayed by Michael A. Sells are discussed in a comparative way to fully clear the background of a great massacre at the end of twentieth century.
CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACTS OF NATIVE TO GEORGIA VARIETIES OF VITIS VINIFERA L

To establish the possibility of application in cosmetology, industry of biologically active additives (BAA) or for other reasonscontent of tocopherol, total phenols, anthocyanins, proline, total proteins, soluble carbohydrates and also total antioxidant activity was studied both in unfermented and fermented seeds of two species of grape vine –Vitis vinifera L. (Georgian varieties Rkatsiteli, and Saperavi) and V. labrusca var. izabella, and in fermented and unfermented berry skin of Rkatsiteli, and Saperavi as well using spectrophotometrical methods. It was revealed that some amount of the studied substances remained in residues of wine making industry (both in seeds and berry skin). Thus there is a possibility of their further processing and application.
EVOLUTION OF GEOTHERMAL-GROUNDWATER CIRCULATION SYSTEMS IN THE QUATERNARY TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE: EXAMPLE OF THE UPPER WAIKATO RIVER CATCHMENT, NEW ZEALAND

Geothermal-groundwater circulation systems in the Upper Waikato River (UWR) catchment of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) have developed in the Quaternary in close association with volcanic activity, sedimentation and topography. The age and evolution of some UWR catchment geothermal features (i.e., active fields and fossil fields) and the Tokaanu geothermal system, were assessed with: geological reconstructions in four epochs (i.e., pre-TVZ Hauraki Rift; ‘old TVZ’; ‘young TVZ 1’; and ‘young TVZ 2’) considering the formation of calderas, tectonic depressions and prehistoric lakes; groundwater elevation; and geothermal spring chemistry. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was used to classify the ‘evolutionary’ status of active fields (i.e., unevolved, evolved and highly evolved) and a chloride mixing model that calculated the percentage of deep geothermal fluid in spring flow (Pm) with two end-members of deep geothermal fluid and cold groundwater. No fields were classed as unevolved in the catchment; Tokaanu was the closest example of such a field as water quality in unevolved springs was probably very similar to deep geothermal fluid, i.e., median Pm in these springs was approximately 93%. Evolved geothermal fields (Waikite, Waiotapu and Rotokawa) possibly formed in the young TVZ 2 and highly-evolved fields (i.e., Atiamuri, Ngatamariki, Orakei Korako, Te Kopia, and Reporoa) possibly developed in the young TVZ 2 and young TVZ 1 epochs. Fossil fields probably date from the young TVZ 2 epoch. Most fields indicated that evolution of geothermal systems followed progressive mixing, with time, of cold groundwater with geothermal-reservoir fluid. This approach may have applications as a geochronometer for UWR catchment geothermal systems after further research that could aim to provide more understanding of the evolution of fluids, permeability, and groundwater flow in each class of active field, and fossil systems.
Taming Unstructured Big Data: Automated Information Extraction from Massive Text

Text data is a powerful information source that covers almost every aspect of our life. Automated information extraction has attracted considerable attention with various approaches developed to mine structured knowledge from unstructured text. In this tutorial, we present an organized picture of automated information extraction from massive text to answer the need of a systematic review and comparison of the techniques. We first introduce major tasks of information extraction such as named entity recognition and relation extraction. Then we introduce downstream applications such as heterogeneous information network construction and claim mining that utilize the extracted information. Specifically, we focus on the methods that are scalable, effective, minimum supervised and working on various kinds of text (e.g., news and biomedical science). We also demonstrate on a real-world dataset, PubMed that includes over 29 million biomedical literature, how the heterogeneous information network can be constructed and how the scientific claims can be automatically retrieved based on automated information extraction. The covered topics will be interesting to both advanced researchers and beginners in data mining, text mining, natural language processing and machine learning.
A NANOMATERIAL-ENHANCED MICROFLUIDIC BIOSENSOR FOR ARA H 1 DETECTION

right of first publication of such papers, in complete form; however, CSBE/SCGAB has no objections to publication, in condensed form, with credit to the Society and the author, in other publications prior to use in Society publications. Permission to publish a paper in full may be requested from the CSBE/SCGAB Secretary, 2028 Calico Crescent, Orleans, ON, K4A 4L7 or contact secretary@bioeng.ca. The Society is not responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers or discussions at its meetings. The Canadian Society for Bioengineering The Canadian society for engineering in agricultural, food, environmental, and biological systems. La Société Canadienne de Génie Agroalimentaire et de Bioingénierie La société canadienne de génie agroalimentaire, de la bioingénierie et de l’environnement
The effect of education-based empowerment program on nursing care quality in the dialysis ward

Background: Although nurses are legally and morally responsible for the quality of patient care, patients also have the right to receive high-quality and decent nursing care. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of education-based empowerment program on the nursing care quality in the dialysis ward. Methods: The present semi-experimental clinical trial study was performed as pre-test and post-test, before and after the intervention, in two stages. All hospitalized patients (150 subjects) in the dialysis center of Valiasr Hospital in Zanjan were enrolled by the census method. At the end of the study, the number of subjects was 125. Before the intervention, the SERVQUAL questionnaire was completed by the patients. Afterwards, nurse empowerment sessions were held. Finally, after the intervention, the SERVQUAL questionnaire was filled by the patients. To analyze the collected data, paired t-test, independent t-test, and variance analysis were performed using SPSS V22 software. Results: The findings of the study showed significant differences between the patients’ expectations and perceptions of services, before and after intervention, in terms of tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, and overall dimensions (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The results of the present research indicated that education-based empowerment program affected nursing care quality in different dimensions. Hence, it is recommended paying more attention to education-based empowerment program to improve nursing care quality.
Learning modal force : evidence from children ’ s production and input *

This paper investigates when and how children figure out that possibility modals express possibility, and necessity modals, necessity. Given that necessary p entails possible p, what prevents children from hypothesizing possibility meanings for necessity modals? We argue that this entailment problem is not a psychological one. On the basis of a corpus study of the modal productions of 2-year-old English children and their mothers and two Human Simulation Paradigm experiments (Gilette et al. 1999), we show that children can use cues from the conversational context in which modals are used to learn force, and do not need to rely on negative environments, nor on a bias for necessity meanings.