Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Fuzzy differential equation

In this paper, we introduce a hybrid method to use fuzzy differential equation, and Genetic Turing Machine developed for solving nth order fuzzy differential equation under Seikkala differentiability concept [14]. The Errors between the exact solutions and the approximate solutions were computed by fitness function and the Genetic Turing Machine results are obtained. After comparing the approximate solution obtained by the GTM method with approximate to the exact solution, the approximate results by Genetic Turing Machine demonstrate the efficiency of hybrid methods for solving fuzzy differential equations (FDE).
Ultrasound of Appendicitis: and Its Differential Diagnosis

1 Introduction. - 2 Review of the Literature. - 2.1 Anatomy. - 2.2 Pathophysiology. - 2.3 Epidemiology. - 2.4 Clinical Diagnosis. - 2.4. 1 Patient History. - 2.4. 2 Physical Examination. - 2.4. 3 Laboratory Findings. - 2.5 Recurrent Attacks of Acute Appendicitis. - 2.5.1 Chronic Appendicitis. - 2.6 The Problem of the Appendiceal Mass. - 2.7 The False-Positive Clinical Diagnosis. - 2.8 The False-Negative Clinical Diagnosis. - 2.9 Differential Diagnosis. - 2.10 Radiological Examinations. - 2.10. 1 Plain Films. - 2.10. 2 Barium Enema. - 2.10. 3 Computed Tomography. - 2.11 Laparoscopy. - 2.12 Ultrasound Examination. - 3 Examination Technique. - 3.1 Equipment. - 3.2 Examination Technique. - 3.3 Which Type of Transducer? - 4 Normal Ultrasound Anatomy of the Right Lower Abdomen. - 5 Diagnosis of Appendicitis by Ultrasound. - 5.1 Acute Appendicitis. - 5.2 Abortive Appendicitis and Recurrent Acute Appendicitis. - 5.3 Appendiceal Phlegmon and Appendiceal Abscess. - 5.4 Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Drainage of the Appendiceal Abscess. - 5.5 Pitfalls in the Ultrasound Diagnosis of Appendicitis. - 5.5.1 Pitfalls Leading to a False-Negative Result. - 5.5.2 Pitfalls Leading to a False-Positive Result. - 5.6 The "Negative" Ultrasound Examination. - 6 Differential Diagnosis Using Ultrasound. - 6.1 Bacterial Ileocaecitis. - 6.2 Mesenteric Lymphadenitis. - 6.3 Gynecological Conditions. - 6.3.1 Ovarian Cyst. - 6.3.2 Salpingitis. - 6.3.3 Ectopic Pregnancy. - 6.3. 4 Adnexal Torsion. - 6.3. 5 Other Gynecological Conditions. - 6.4 Caecal Diverticulitis. - 6.5 Urological Conditions. - 6.6 Perforated Peptic Ulcer. - 6.7 Cholecystitis. - 6.8 Caecal Carcinoma. - 6.9 Crohn's Disease. - 6.10 Sigmoid Diverticulitis. - 6.11 Segmental Omental Infarction. - 6.12 Other Conditions. - 7 Indications and Clinical Impact. - References.
Estimation of noise in calculation of scattering medium luminance by MCRT

We investigate new method for calculation of radiance of scattering medium by bi-directional Monte-Carlo ray tracing with photon maps. Usually photons are collected by an integration spheres at the ends of camera ray segments, or a cylinder along that segments. Meanwhile in our method several integration spheres are distributed at random along the first camera ray segment. The rest segments do not collecting photons. The method optimal for a particular scene is the one which produces the least noise, so one need to be able to estimate it. In this paper an analytic calculation of noise in the general bi-directional Monte-Carlo ray tracing is derived and then applied to the proposed method. Then the analytic estimates of noise can be used to find optimal parameters and/or to choose between single integration sphere, multiple integration spheres and integration cylinders.
Robust Stabilization of High-Order Nonlinear Systems With Unknown Sensitivities and Applications in Humanoid Robot Manipulation

This article is concerned with the improvement of robust control methodology and its application in stabilizing a class of high-order nonlinear systems with multiple unknown time-varying sensitivities, and discusses how to use the proposed control strategy on humanoid robot manipulation. The novel design approach successfully breaks through the limitation of the neural network technique; that is, state variables must be located in some compact sets. The remarkable feature of the systems under investigation lies in the presence of measurement sensitivities and higher powers, which makes the nonlinear systems essentially different from the related works. By reductio and the introduction of a modified tuning function, an appropriate controller is constructed to render that all the state variables belong to a predetermined bounded set. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Information Theoretic Multi-Target Feature Selection via Output Space Quantization †

A key challenge in information theoretic feature selection is to estimate mutual information expressions that capture three desirable terms—the relevancy of a feature with the output, the redundancy and the complementarity between groups of features. The challenge becomes more pronounced in multi-target problems, where the output space is multi-dimensional. Our work presents an algorithm that captures these three desirable terms and is suitable for the well-known multi-target prediction settings of multi-label/dimensional classification and multivariate regression. We achieve this by combining two ideas—deriving low-order information theoretic approximations for the input space and using quantization algorithms for deriving low-dimensional approximations of the output space. Under the above framework we derive a novel criterion, Group-JMI-Rand, which captures various high-order target interactions. In an extensive experimental study we showed that our suggested criterion achieves competing performance against various other information theoretic feature selection criteria suggested in the literature.
Ordinary Single Valued Neutrosophic Topological Spaces

We define an ordinary single valued neutrosophic topology and obtain some of its basicproperties. In addition, we introduce the concept of an ordinary single valued neutrosophic subspace.Next, we define the ordinary single valued neutrosophic neighborhood system and we show thatan ordinary single valued neutrosophic neighborhood system has the same properties in a classicalneighborhood system. Finally, we introduce the concepts of an ordinary single valued neutrosophicbase and an ordinary single valued neutrosophic subbase, and obtain two characterizations of anordinary single valued neutrosophic base and one characterization of an ordinary single valuedneutrosophic subbase.
Language and Math: What If We Have Two Separate Naming Systems?

The role of language in numerical processing has traditionally been restricted to counting and exact arithmetic. Nevertheless, the impact that each of a bilinguals’ languages may have in core numerical representations has not been questioned until recently. What if the language in which math has been first acquired (LLmath) had a bigger impact in our math processing? Based on previous studies on language switching we hypothesize that balanced bilinguals would behave like unbalanced bilinguals when switching between the two codes for math. In order to address this question, we measured the brain activity with magneto encephalography (MEG) and source estimation analyses of 12 balanced Basque-Spanish speakers performing a task in which participants were unconscious of the switches between the two codes. The results show an asymmetric switch cost between the two codes for math, and that the brain areas responsible for these switches are similar to those thought to belong to a general task switching mechanism. This implies that the dominances for math and language could run separately from the general language dominance.
Experimental Complex Permittivity Characterization of Mixed Dielectric Materials over a Broadband Frequency

The complex permittivity of mixed organic materials that are widely employed for micro-strip transmission lines is experimentally investigated. Micro-strip transmission line test patterns consisting of two different dielectric materials are fabricated on an organic substrate. In order to extract the complex permittivity over a broadband frequency, we determine the per-unit-length (PUL) capacitance and conductance with the S-parameters measured from 10 MHz to 40 GHz by using a vector network analyzer (VNA). In order to show the physical validity of the determined complex permittivity of mixed organic materials, we calculate the wave propagation factor and compare it with nominal and measured values. The complex permittivity characterized in this paper is shown to reflect accurately the loss of a transmission line at the high frequency.
Development of Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF), derived from renewable resources, is a good candidate to reinforce transparent plastics without sacrificing their transparency, owing to its size on the nano-meter scale, reflective index similar to the plastics’, excellent mechanical property, and low density. This study investigates effects of CNF on optical, viscoelastic, and thermal properties of CNF reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). CNF/PMMA with different CNF contents and different types of PMMA were prepared through a solvent casting method with a low toxic and inexpensive solvent, acetone, and compression-molded to create nanocomposite films. The films were characterized using a transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet–visible (UVVis) spectrophotometry, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that CNFs were well-dispersed in the PMMA matrix and the viscoelastic and thermal properties of the PMMA were increased by the addition of CNF, while maintaining a high degree of transparency and increasing attenuation capability of ultraviolet light.
Electro-magneto-static study of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation coupled with Bopp-Podolsky electrodynamics in the Proca setting

We investigate the system consisting of the the nonlinear Schrodinger equation coupled with Bopp-Podolsky electrodynamics in the Proca setting in the context of closed \begin{document}$ 3 $\end{document} -dimensional manifolds. We prove existence of solutions up to the gauge, and compactness of the system both in the subcritical and in the critical case.
Gain Increase of Horn Antenna with Waveguide Feeding Network by using 3D Printing Technology

2x1 array antenna with WFN (waveguide feeding network) by using 3D printing Technology and metal plating technique at X-Ku frequency band is proposed in the areas of radars, defense industry and satellite communication to increase antenna gain. The fabrication of 2x1 array antenna comprises of two processes which are to produce the structure of array antenna by using ABS for 3D printer and to carry out copper plating. Waveguide feeding network for array consists of a H-plane T-junction, two bend elements and three flanges. The spacing between the output terminals in waveguide feeding network is 3λ for better performance. There is a good agreement between measurement and simulation results by max 0.5dB difference because of surface roughness and high precision. The gain is increased by approximately1.5dB in comparison with single antenna. However, VSWR of the single antenna is 0.3dB lower than the array antenna. As a result, we have proposed the array antenna 90% lighter weight and 80% cheaper than metal equivalents.
The use of a mini course as a tool for identification and intervention with mainstream middle school special needs students experiencing academic dysfunction.

THE USE OF A MINI COURSE AS A TOOL FOR IDENTIFICATION AND INTERVENTION WITH MAINSTREAM MIDDLE SCHOOL SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS EXPERIENCING ACADEMIC DYSFUNCTION MAY 1991 ALEXANDER ROCCO FERRARO, A.B. , MERRIMACK COLLEGE M.ED., BOSTON STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE ED.D. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Directed by: Professor Kenneth A. Parker The pilot study involved ten experimental and ten control mainstreamed special needs students. Three negative behaviors, known as x, y, and z behaviors from the Teacher Questionnaire, were targeted and charted, initially, on No Effect, and then on Effect Charts. Also charted were four rating areas: academic achievement, self-esteem, misdirected learning activities, and negative social behaviors, in a range from one to ten. Both groups were administered the Weinberg Screening Affective Scale Modified Form and the Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale. The experimental group were involved with a ten day mini course and workbooks and, later, teacher directed reality testing of the targeted behaviors at three different times over a nonconsecutive five day period. Educators should be aware that dissonance manifested in academic dysfunction is the student's attempt to maintain
A Simulative and Experimental Approach Toward Eddy Current Nondestructive Evaluation of Manufacturing Flaws and Operational Damage in CFRP Composites

The manufacturing process of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite structures can introduce many characteristic defects and flaws such as fiber misorientation, fiber waviness, and wrinkling. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to detect the presence of these defects at the earliest stages of development. Eddy current testing (ECT) is a nondestructive inspection (NDI) technique that has been proven quite effective in detection of damage in metallic structures. However, NDI of composite structures has mainly relied on other methods such as ultrasonic testing (UT) and X-ray to name a few and not much on ECT. In this paper, the authors explore the possibility of using ECT in NDI of CFRP composites by conducting simulations and experiments thereafter. This research is based on the fact that the CFRP displays some low-level electrical conductivity due to the inherent conductivity of the carbon fibers. This low-level conductivity may permit eddy current pathways to cause the flow of eddy currents in the CFRP composites that can be exploited for nondestructive damage detection. An invention disclosure describing our high-frequency ECT method has also been processed. First, the multiphysics finite element method (FEM) simulation was used to simulate the detection of various types of manufacturing flaws and operational damage in CFRP composites such as fiber misorientation, waviness, wrinkling, and so on. Thereafter, ECT experiments were conducted on CFRP specimens with various manufacturing flaws using the Eddyfi Reddy eddy current array (ECA) system.
Precise WEDM of micro-textured mould for micro-injection molding of hydrophobic polymer surface

ABSTRACT In this paper, the hydrophobic polymer surface with regular and controllable micro-textured structures was effectively and rapidly fabricated by micro-injection molding using a novel micro-textured mold machined by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). The phase constitutions of smooth and micro-textured mold surfaces were compared along with machined surface roughness of molds. The surface topographies of micro-textured molds and micro-injection molded polymers were characterized. The machining accuracy of WEDM for micro-textured mold and the replication rate of micro-injection molding for micro-textured polymer were calculated and analyzed. The wetting behaviors of smooth and micro-textured polymer surface were investigated together with the static contact angle and contact angle evolution versus time. The experimental results show that the maximum contact angle on the micro-textured polymer surface can reach to 127.5°, which was improved by about 71.6% compared with smooth polymer surface. It is shown that the highest machining accuracy of mold and the maximum replication rate of micro-injection molding can reach to 0.153% and 99.455%, respectively.
Neutron Pairing Energy of Finite Nuclei

Neutron pairing energies of some of the finite nuclei have been calculated to understand how the neutron pairing changes as the neutron and proton numbers change from odd to even values in isotopes. How its value changes for even (N) - even (Z), even (N) - odd (Z), odd (N) - even (Z) and odd (N) - odd (Z) nuclei has been brought out. The values of pairing energies have been calculated for light nuclei (20 ≤ A ≤ 55), medium nuclei (100 ≤ A ≤ 140) and heavy nuclei (190 ≤ A ≤ 238) and found to lie between: -16 ≤ Pn ≤ 14 MeV, -6 ≤ Pn ≤ 6 MeV and -5 ≤ Pn ≤ 5 MeV respectively. Positive pairing energies only occurred in odd (N) - even (Z) nuclei and this indicated the most stable isotopic nuclei.
H-Bridge Zero-Voltage Switch-Controlled Rectifier Transformerless Midpoint-Clamped Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications

A single-phase transformerless midpoint clamped H-bridge zero-voltage switch-controlled rectifier inverter topology is proposed in this article for photovoltaic (PV) systems to address the issue of common-mode (CM) voltage and leakage currents. Apart from the full H-bridge inverter, the proposed voltage clamping circuit consists of two switches and a full-bridge diode which clamps the ac terminal to the dc midpoint (consisting of two dc-link capacitors) during the freewheeling period. As a result, the CM voltage is held constant, which makes it suitable for the grid-connected PV system. The operating principle and CM effect of the proposed topology are analyzed and compared with the conventional topologies. This is followed by the thermal analysis and loss calculation, which shows that the proposed circuit is more efficient over the conventional topologies. Validation is carried out using MATLAB-Simulink using the PLECS toolbox followed by a scale down prototype of 1.5 kW. It is shown that the proposed inverter has the 98% ± 1% efficiency over a wide range of loads with a peak efficiency of 98.96%, and the total harmonic distortion of the output current relatively low (≤1.8%). The leakage current ( $i_{\mathrm {cm}}$ ) is measured for different values of parasitic capacitance that reaches a maximum of 16.65 mA for 330-nF capacitor under consideration, which is well below the limit set by different safety standards.
Pupil dilation indexes statistical learning about the uncertainty of stimulus distributions

Learning about the uncertainty of environmental stimuli is a fundamental requirement of adaptive behaviour. In this experiment we probe whether pupil dilation in response to brief auditory stimuli reflects statistical learning about the underlying stimulus distributions. Specifically, we consider whether pupil dilation reflects automatic (task-irrelevant) learning about the precision of Gaussian distributions of tones. By comparing responses to perceptually identical outlier and standard tones in low and high precision blocks, we provide clear evidence that subjects do indeed learn about precision, as reflected by increased responses to surprising (outlier) tones during high precision blocks. This extends previous work looking at electrophysiological effects of precision learning, and provides new evidence that the putatively noradrenergic processes underlying pupil dilation reflect learning about the uncertainty of stimulus distributions. In addition, we use our data to test a new convolution-based approach for analysing pupillometry data, which we believe has considerable promise for this and future studies.
Interactions between Carotid and Cardiopulmonary Baroreceptor Populations during Dynamic Exercise in Man

During dynamic exercise the arterial baroreflexes have been thought to reset to the prevailing level of systemic pressure in order to modulate transient changes in blood pressure with the same sensitivity (gain) as at rest. To test this hypothesis, cardiovascular responses to dynamic exercise and carotid baroreflex responses to graded neck suction and neck pressure (NS/NP) were examined in seven men of moderate fitness (V02 = 41.4±3.6 ml O2*kg^-1*min^-1) during two levels (20% and 40% of peak oxygen uptake) of steady-state exercise. In addition, deactivation of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors has been thought to increase carotid baroreflex responsiveness in the quiescent state in man.
Collapse of Bell’s Theorem

Bell’s theorem founded on Bell’s inequalities asserts that no local realistic theories can reproduce all quantum mechanical predictions for spin correlation of particle pairs. It is pointed out that the assumption of setting-independent probability makes Bell’s inequalities not impose constraint on all local realistic models and thus constitutes a theoretical loophole of Bell’s theorem. A counterexample is presented by showing that a local realistic model with appropriate probability density reproduces all quantum mechanical predictions. It becomes clear that experiments violate Bell’s inequalities because the real correlation functions are not constrained by these inequalities. It is also exposed that, rigorous logical reasoning of counter factual deduction does not permit to exclude any premises of Bell’s inequalities by a certain amount of experimental violations of these inequalities.
Performance Evaluation of InGaAs Dielectric Engineered Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors

In this paper for the first time, the performance of Dielectric Engineered Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (DE-TFETs) is evaluated on the InGaAs channel. Two DE-TFETs based on gate-dielectric structures, namely, Device-A and Device-B are modeled and characterized for both n-type and p-type operations to attain low subthreshold slope (SS) and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) using La2O3 as high-k gate dielectric. A structural modification of Device-B is illustrated that improves the on-state current (Ion), SS, and DIBL. Then, performance of both devices are analyzed based on physical oxide thickness (Tox). The simulation results show that the modified Device-B has the lowest SS of 15.31 mV/dec and 54.64 mV/dec, Ion/Ioff ratio of ~109 and ~106 with off-state current (Ioff) of ~10-15 A/µm and ~10-12 A/µm for n-DE-TFET and p-DE-TFET, respectively. Furthermore, the performance parameters of both devices are studied for digital and analog applications and it is found that the modified Device-B can be a potential candidate for future digital applications due to its low power dissipation of 13.55 µW/µm and 27.56 µW/µm for n-DE-TFET and p-DE-TFET, respectively. On the other hand, Device-A shows high transconductance (gm) of 722.52 µS/µm and 424.3 µS/µm and cut-off frequency (fT) of 211.95 GHz and 290.86 GHz for n-DE-TFET and p-DE-TFET, respectively, and can be a viable candidate for future low power analog applications.
NVC, nonverbal communication: Studies and applications

Providing a thoughtful balance of theory and practice, Nonverbal Communication: Studies and Applications, Fifth Edition, offers students an engaging, sophisticated, and up-to-date introduction to the field. Nina-Jo Moore, Mark Hickson, III, and Don W. Stacks, use examples from everyday life and television to help students understand how nonverbal communication affects the real world. The authors discuss many interesting topics that are not usually covered in nonverbal communication texts-including body alterations, biofeedback, and olfactics-and take a unique "sensory" approach to nonverbal communication (i.e., they examine how the five senses process nonverbal communication signals). They begin with a discussion of the sense of touch (rather than physical appearance, the typical starting point of most nonverbal communication texts) and then lead into the study of space, the sense of sight, the sense of hearing, the sense of smell, and finally, the use of time. Consistently demonstrating the applications of theory while emphasizing the research basis of nonverbal communication, Nonverbal Communication, Fifth Edition, is ideal for nonverbal communication courses in either communication or psychology departments. NEW TO THIS EDITION * Greater focus on individual applications of contemporary research findings * Updated research providing the most recent studies published in the field * Revised "Observational Studies" features that offer students the opportunity to apply what they are learning to a variety of contexts * Instructor's Companion Website (www.oup.com/us/nonverbal) with a full Instructor's Manual and interactive PowerPoint lecture slides