Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral Analysis of Sinus Arrhythmia: A Measure of Mental Effort

To resolve the uncertainty and disagreement that currently exists in the field of mental workload, a unified research approach is required. It is argued that a promising path would be to identify the various dimensions of mental workload and then to develop a metric for each of these. The present study focused on the dimension of mental effort. In particular, the validity of spectral analysis of sinus arrhythmia as a measure of mental effort was investigated using a psychomotor task. The strong correlation observed between the physiological measure and subjective ratings of effort suggest that spectral analysis of sinus arrhythmia is an accurate measure of operator effort. Results also indicate that the intensity of effort invested by subjects could not be inferred from objective task difficulty or performance. Thus, it is important that a measure of effort be included in experiments investigating mental workload. Future research will be directed at developing a continuous measure of operator effort by implementing the physiological measure on-line.
Cytokine Response and Survival of Mice Immunized with an Adenovirus Expressing Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen Domain 4

ABSTRACT Adenovirus vectors are promising for use in vaccinating against potential agents of bioterrorism and emerging infections because of their proven safety in humans and their ability to elicit rapid immune responses. Here, we describe the construction and evaluation of an adenovirus vaccine expressing domain 4 of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen, Ad.D4. Ad.D4 elicited antibodies to protective antigen 14 days after a single intramuscular injection, which were further increased upon boosting. Furthermore, two doses of Ad.D4 4 weeks apart were sufficient to protect 67% of mice from toxin challenge. Additionally, we have characterized the release of inflammatory cytokines from vaccinated mice after lethal-toxin challenge. We demonstrate that interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels in mice that survive lethal toxin challenge are similar to levels in nonsurvivors and that IL-6 levels are higher in survivors than in nonsurvivors. These findings suggest that lethal-toxin-mediated death may not be a direct result of inflammatory-cytokine release.
Stability of neutral time varying delay systems: A delay partitioning approach

This paper investigates the problem of the delay dependent stability of neutral time-varying delay systems. By decomposing the delay interval into multiple equidistant subintervals, new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals are introduced on these intervals. Numerical example illustrate that the proposed method is effective and lead to less conservative results.
Conflictos y educación física a la luz de la praxiología motriz. estudio de caso de un centro educativo de primaria

La presente tesis tiene como objeto de estudio la observacion de los conflictos surgidos en las clases de educacion fisica de un centro educativo de primaria. El estudio toma como marco teorico de referencia a la praxiologia motriz y las principales aportaciones teoricas sobre los conflictos. Desde esta perspectiva se puede justificar que la educacion fisica origina diferentes escenarios de relacion motriz que pueden desencadenar posibles conflictos motores entre sus protagonistas.
Volume rendering of multimodal images: application to MRI and PET imaging of the human brain.

A procedure for combining and visualizing complementary structural and functional information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) is described. MR and PET images of the human brain were obtained and correlated to form three-dimensional volumes of image data. Volume rendering and solid-texturing concepts were combined to develop a new volume imaging technique for ;volume texture-mapping' brain glucose metabolism (from PET) onto brain anatomy (from MRI). The technique was used to produce sequences of three-dimensional views: these sequences were dynamically displayed in a ;cine-loop' to better visualize the three-dimensional relationship between brain structure and function. The techniques provide a means of presenting vast amounts of multidimensional data in a form that is easily understood, and the resulting images are essential to an understanding of the normal and pathologic states of the human brain.
Adrenal cortical adenoma in adrenohepatic fusion tissue: a mimic of malignant hepatic tumor at CT.

WEB This is a Web exclusive article. drenohepatic fusion is defined as adhesion of the liver and right adrenal cortex and close intermingling of the respective parenchymal cells [1], with partial or complete absence of the fibrous capsule dividing the two organs [2]. Although it is not rare at autopsy [1], the clinical significance of adrenohepatic fusion has been rarely described. We report a case of adrenal cortical adenoma that developed in adrenohepatic fusion tissue and mimicked malignant hepatic tumor at CT and angiography-assisted CT.
Study of Warm-Electron Injection in Double-Gate SONOS by Full-Band Monte Carlo Simulation

In this letter, we investigate warm-electron injection in a double-gate SONOS memory by means of 2-D full-band Monte Carlo simulations of the Boltzmann transport equation. Electrons are accelerated in the channel by a drain-to-source voltage V DS smaller than 3 V, so that programming occurs via electrons tunneling through a potential barrier whose height has been effectively reduced by the accumulated kinetic energy. Particle energy distribution at the semiconductor/oxide interface is studied for different bias conditions and different positions along the channel. The gate current is calculated with a continuum-based postprocessing method as a function of the particle distribution obtained from Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation results show that the gate current increases by several orders of magnitude with increasing drain bias, and warm-electron injection can be an interesting option for programming when short-channel effects prohibit the application of larger drain bias.
Giant Destructive Congenital Mastoid Cholesteatoma with Minimal Clinical Presentation

Congenital cholesteatoma (CC) is an epidermoid cyst arising from the squamous epithelial rest in the temporal bone. The reported sites of origin within the temporal bone include the middle ear, petrous apex, and external auditory canal, and the rarest is the mastoid process. CC is a benign, slowly progressive, non-self-limiting, very expansive and destructive mass. Usually, patients with CC of the mastoid region have dizziness and neck pain. We report the case of a patient with giant, extensive congenital cholesteatoma of mastoid origin with minimal clinical presentation.
Alignement automatique et analyse phonétique : comparaison de différents systèmes pour l’analyse du schwa [Automatic alignment and phonetic studies: Comparing alignment systems for the analysis of the schwa]

Three automatic alignment systems are compared in their adequacy to account for the vowel schwa as compared to a manual transcription obtained from two judges. Error rates and types are analysed, as well as the linguistic factors involved. The type of the surrounding consonant and the duration of schwa influence the decisions of the three systems. Moreover, the systems behave differently, depending on some of their architectural characteristics and on the task (detection vs. boundary determination). These results underline the necessity to have a fair understanding of the characteristics and bias of the alignment system to be used in a phonetic analysis.
Influence of variable viscosity on density-driven instabilities in capillary tubes

A linear stability analysis is conducted for the density-driven flow of variable viscosity miscible fluids in a vertically oriented capillary tube. The main goal is to assess the competition between the axisymmetric and the first azimuthal mode as a function of Rayleigh number, viscosity ratio and interfacial thickness parameter. In the absence of a net flow, the symmetry properties of the linearized set of equations indicate that the growth rates do not depend on which of the two fluids is the more viscous, although the shape of the eigenmodes does. For most parameter combinations, the first azimuthal mode is found to have larger growth rates than the axisymmetric mode. For thin interfaces and large Rayleigh numbers, however, the axisymmetric mode dominates above a certain viscosity ratio. An unexpected result is found regarding the influence of the interface thickness on the instability. For large viscosity ratios, intermediate interface thicknesses are found to be more unstable than either very thin or very thick interfaces. The reason for this behaviour is traced to a shift of the eigenfunctions towards the less viscous fluid, which allows the instability to grow in an overall less viscous environment. In the presence of a net axial flow, the upward and downward displacements of a more viscous fluid by a less viscous one are seen to result in the same growth rate. For large viscosity ratios, the axisymmetric mode becomes destabilized by the net flow, whereas the leading azimuthal mode is stabilized. This trend is in line with experimental observations.
Changing Dietary Habits of Alberta Nutrition Students Enrolled in a Travel Study Program in Italy.

PURPOSE This study describes dietary changes among university students who completed a travel study program. METHODS Seventeen undergraduate nutrition students travelled from Edmonton to Italy for 6 weeks to take 2 courses on the Mediterranean diet. In both locations students completed a 24-h dietary recall and a Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess their Mediterranean Diet Quality Index Score (MDQIS). A MDQIS of 48 indicates perfect adherence to eating patterns of the Traditional Healthy Mediterranean Diet Pyramid (THMDP). RESULTS While in Italy students altered their diets in positive ways (increased consumption of fish and seafood (P = 0.002), wine (P < 0.0001), and olive oil (P = 0.001)) and negative ways (increased consumption of sweets (P = 0.027), poultry (P = 0.001), and meat (P = 0.049)) relative to the THMDP. Students had a significant increase in the percentage of energy from polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and alcohol. The MDQIS was low in Edmonton (21.9 ± 3.7) and Italy (22.9 ± 3.9). CONCLUSIONS The overall dietary pattern of students did not adhere to the THMDP. Education about the THMDP and living in Italy for 6 weeks was insufficient to change students' dietary patterns to one characterized as traditional Mediterranean. The findings highlight the challenges of implementing dietary changes even with nutrition education and increased food access.
A simple window random access algorithm with advantageous properties

A simple full-feedback-sensing window random-access algorithm is proposed and analyzed in the presence of the Poisson user model. The throughput of the algorithm is 0.43. The proposed algorithm is better than J.I. Capetanaki's dynamic algorithm (1979) with respect to its delay and resistance to channel errors. The simple operations of the algorithm, along with its regenerative properties, facilitate the computation of the output traffic interdeparture distribution. The obtained distribution is useful in the evaluation of interacting systems which adopt the algorithm for their internal transmissions. <<ETX>>
DNA and protein adducts in human tissues resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke

Tobacco smoke contains a variety of genotoxic carcinogens that form adducts with DNA and protein in the tissues of smokers. Not only are these biochemical events relevant to the carcinogenic process, but the detection of adducts provides a means of monitoring exposure to tobacco smoke. Characterization of smoking‐related adducts has shed light on the mechanisms of smoking‐related diseases and many different types of smoking‐derived DNA and protein adducts have been identified. Such approaches also reveal the potential harm of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to nonsmokers, infants and children. Because the majority of tobacco‐smoke carcinogens are not exclusive to this source of exposure, studies comparing smokers and nonsmokers may be confounded by other environmental sources. Nevertheless, certain DNA and protein adducts have been validated as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke, with continuing applications in the study of ETS exposures, cancer prevention and tobacco product legislation. Our article is a review of the literature on smoking‐related adducts in human tissues published since 2002.
Internet of Things Out of the Box: Using TOSCA for Automating the Deployment of IoT Environments

The automated setup of Internet of Things environments is a major challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of the involved physical components (i.e., devices, sensors, actuators). In general, IoT environments consist of (i) physical hardware components, (ii) IoT middlewares that bind the hardware to the digital world, and (iii) IoT applications that interact with the physical devices through the middlewares (e.g., for monitoring). Setting up each of these requires sophisticated means for software deployment. In this paper, we enable such a means by introducing an approach for automated deployment of entire IoT environments using the Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications standard. Based on topology models, all components involved in the IoT environment (devices, IoT middlewares, applications) can be set up automatically. Moreover, to enable interchangeability of IoT middlewares, we show how they can be used as a service to deploy them individually and on-demand for separate use cases. This enables provisioning whole IoT environments out-ofthe-box. To evaluate the approach, we present three case studies giving insights in the technical details.
Visual feedback influences antennal positioning in flying hawk moths

Insect antennae serve a variety of sensory functions including tactile sensing, olfaction and flight control. For all of these functions, the precise positioning of the antenna is essential to ensure the proper acquisition of sensory feedback. Although antennal movements in diverse insects may be elicited or influenced by multimodal sensory stimuli, the relative effects of these cues and their integration in the context of antennal positioning responses are not well understood. In previous studies, we have shown that fields of Böhm's bristles located at the base of the antennae provide crucial mechanosensory input for antennal positioning in flying hawk moths. Here, we present electrophysiological and behavioral evidence to show that, in addition to the Böhm's bristles, antennal muscles of hawk moths also respond to bilateral visual input. Moreover, in contrast to the mechanosensory-motor circuit, which is entirely contained within the ipsilateral side, visual feedback influences antennal positioning on both contralateral and ipsilateral sides. Electromyograms recorded from antennal muscles show that the latency of muscle responses to visual stimulation ranged from 35 to 60 ms, considerably slower than their responses to mechanosensory stimuli (<10 ms). Additionally, the visual inputs received by antennal muscles are both motion-sensitive and direction-selective. We characterized the influence of visual feedback on antennal positioning by presenting open-loop translational and rotational visual stimuli to tethered flying moths. During rotational stimuli, we observed that the antenna contralateral to the direction of the turn moved forward through larger angles than the ipsilateral antenna. These observations suggest that whereas input from the Böhm's bristles mediates rapid corrections of antennal position, visual feedback may be involved in slower, bilaterally coordinated movements of the antenna during visually guided flight maneuvers. Thus, visual feedback can modulate the set point at which the antenna is held during flight in hawk moths.
USER, DEVICE, ORIENTATION AND POSITION INDEPENDENT HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION ON SMART PHONES

USER, DEVICE, ORIENTATION AND POSITION INDEPENDENT HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION ON SMART PHONES Smart phones equipped with a rich set of sensors are explored as alternative platforms for human activity recognition in the ubiquitous computing domain. However, there exist challenges that should be tackled before the successful acceptance of such systems by the masses. In this thesis, we particularly focus on the challenges arising from the differences in user behavior and in the hardware. To investigate the impact of these factors on the recognition accuracy, we collected data from 20 users focusing on five basic locomotion activities using the accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer. Using this dataset, we analyze whether activity recognition can be performed independently in terms of device, device model, user, device orientation and device position. We first show that, using raw acceleration, above 96% recognition accuracy can be obtained for device and model dependency tests, while success rate for orientation and user dependency tests remained at 87% and 90%. In order to tackle these issues, we first calculated linear acceleration, then using sensor fusion these acceleration readings are converted from phone coordinates to the earth coordinates. These methods helped in removing the orientation effects and increased both the user-independent and orientation-independent activity recognition accuracy to 98% and 95%. Finally, we analyze the impact of phone position on activity recognition using three different methods, namely using a generalized classifier, position-specific classifier and a joint classifier and show that using position-specific classification is not necessary, a generalized classifier performs very similarly. However, analyzing the confusion matrices, we observe that, stationary activities (sitting and standing) reduce the performance and combining these activities into a stationary class boosted recognition rates up to 98%.
Treatment of Adductor-Type Spasmodic Dysphonia by Surgical Myectomy: A Preliminary Report

Objectives: Despite the belief that it represents a central neurologic dysfunctional process, adductor-type spasmodic dysphonia without tremor is usually effectively treated by injection of botulinum toxin A; however, in most cases such injections must be repeated every few months. A promising new surgical procedure is herein reported. Methods: Under local anesthesia with intravenous sedation, a large laryngoplasty window is created, and under direct vision with intraoperative voice monitoring, fibers from the thyroarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles are removed until breathiness occurs. The two sides are staged; that is, one side is done at a time, with surgery on the second side being performed 3 to 6 months after that on the first side, if needed. Results: This was a retrospective, unblinded study of 5 patients who underwent myectomy of the thyroarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. The preliminary results show improved voice fluency in all patients at 5 to 19 months of follow-up. There was no period of prolonged breathiness or dysphagia in any of the patients, and there were no surgical complications. Conclusions: Myectomy of the thyroarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles is a promising new surgical treatment for adductor-type spasmodic dysphonia that may effectively mimic “permanent” botulinum toxin injections.
Differential Sensitivity to Rotations of Facial Features in the Thatcher Illusion

A developmental study is presented in which participants must detect the Thatcher illusion in order to match unfamiliar faces on identity. 114 participants between 6 and 67 years of age completed a matching task whereby face pairs were presented upright or under inversion. At all ages, participants were more accurate matching upright than inverted faces. In an altered version of the Thatcher task, where only the eyes or mouth were inverted, all participants were more accurate and faster to detect eye manipulations than mouth manipulations. The results are discussed in terms of the developmental significance of face inversion, the Thatcher illusion, and the salience for protection from the Thatcher illusion.
Comparison of Visual Pathology Secondary to the Light of Polymerization. Bibliographic Review of the 5 Main Types of Light in the Market

Light as a form of electromagnetic energy has a dual wave particle nature. When describing the effects of light absorbed by a photoreceptor, the behavior of light particles is more important. The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that interacts with the eye is wider than the portion that is used for phototransduction. It includes wavelengths of ultraviolet light (100-400nm), visible light (400-460nm) and infrared (76010000nm). Several subgroups of wavelengths can be classified for ultraviolet light: UVA (315-400nm), UVB (260-315nm) and UVC (100-260nm). In the same way three groups are described for infrared light. The visible light is called short length (blue), length (green) and long wavelength (red) according to the spectra of maximum absorption of the visual pigments of ocular knowings [1-12].
Physiological problems of space travel.

On April 12 , 1961, Cosmonaut Gagarin first orbited the earth, to be followed 23 days later by the suborbital flight of Astronaut Sheppard. Thus ten years have elapsed since man's first experience in a true space environ­ ment. In these ten years we have witnessed a tremendous surge of interest and conjecture on the physiological effects of space flight, followed by the emergence of a new investigative science. At this writing, the USSR has an­ nounced the establishment of a large manned orbiting laboratory (June 10, 1971). Such an accomplishment may begin a new era in controlled phys­ iological testing in space. This then is a propitious time to review the research efforts in space physiology, and to take stock of what has been done and of what has need of further investigative effort. A rather formidable array of journal articles, books, and technical reports has appeared in the last five years. This author has reviewed with varying degrees of interest and intensity approximately 800 articles, of which 89 are cited in this review. Most effort has been directed toward reports published in established scientific journals, since many of the hundreds of technical reports are repetitious or nonscientific. Page limitations have forced the omission of many aspects of space physiology. I have tried to select subject matter which is applicable yet fits into the general scheme of physiology as seen from my own bias. Many areas such as neurophysiology, sensory deprivation, radiation biology, biorhythms and human engineering are omitted because, in some cases, applications to actual space physiology are not well documented. Most of this review deals with the investigation of increased gravitational effects, in which a sophis­ ticated level of research has been reached, and with the effects of decreased gravity, where greater sophistication is required.