Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wireless sensor network’s localization based on multiple signal classification algorithm

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a number of sensitive nodes senses a physical phenomenon at the position of their deployment then sends information to the base station to take appropriate operation. (WSNs) are used in many applications such track military targets, discover fires, study natural phenomena such as earthquakes, humidity, heat, etc. The nodes are spread in large areas and it is difficult to locate them manually because they are published randomly by planes or any other method and since the information received from sensitive nodes is useless without knowing their location in this case a problem resulted in the positioning of the nodes. So it unacceptable to equip each sensor node with global position system (GPS) due to various problems such as raises cost and energy consumption. In this paper explained a non-GPS technique to self-positioning of nodes in (WSNs) by using the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm to determine the position of the active sensor through estimated the direction of arrival (DOA) of the node signal. Then modified MUSIC algorithm (M-MUSIC) to solve the problem of coherent signal. MATLAB program successfully used to simulate the proposed algorithm.
The Role of Telomere Maintenance in Adult Mammalian Acute Central Nervous System Injury and Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis

Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that cap eukaryotic chromosome ends. They have dynamic secondary structures that interact with networks of telomere-associated proteins, protecting genomic integrity and maintaining proliferative success of cells. When telomeres are destabilized, chromosome ends are misrecognized as DNA double-stranded breaks eliciting DNA damage responses that lead to cellular apoptosis. There is sparse evidence that telomere destabilization plays a role in the pathology of central nervous system (CNS) insults. This study examines this possibility during the acute injury-induced degeneration and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). By administering or knocking-down key telomere-associated proteins, this work demonstrates that TERT expression promotes RGC survival while Telomerase activity has no role, that TCAB1, TRF1, Ku70, and EST1A play important roles in RGC survival while TRF2 and DNA PKcs do not, and that, overall, telomere maintenance cannot be eliminated as a contributing factor in RGC degeneration and apoptosis within the acutely injured CNS.
Comparison of antifungal efficiencies of photocatalytic and antimicrobial-infused coatings : evaluation of five antimicrobial coatings using standard test methods

New buildings are being constructed and existing buildings retrofitted to be more energy efficient to meet increasingly stringent Department of Defense (DoD) energy standards. Although these standards save energy and lower operational costs, they also limit fresh air within a structure and can cause a buildup of harmful substances in indoor environments. Of particular concern are molds, which can put building occupants at risk and damage infrastructure. One possible solution to this increasing Army problem is to coat building materials with photocatalytic paints, which have the ability to both destroy microorganisms as well as the toxic byproducts they produce. This work compared two next-generation photocatalytic coatings against three more traditional antimicrobial-infused coatings for their ability to resist fungal contamination using three accelerated test conditions. Under each test condition the photocatalytic coatings were found to perform poorly compared to the antimicrobial-infused coatings. Moreover, the control coating, which contained no active antimicrobial (standard latex paint), performed as well as or better than all the antimicrobial coatings tested. This suggested that there may be little benefit to using antimicrobial coatings to inhibit fungal colonization over a standard latex paint; however, further testing is required to confirm this perception. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC/CERL TR-20-8 iii
Cognitions toward black bear hunting in Maine: a quantitative content analysis of the print news media surrounding hunting referendums

ABSTRACT Media plays an integral role in informing the public of wildlife management decisions and stakeholder perceptions. We analyzed the presence of different cognitions via a quantitative content analysis (QCA) of print news media surrounding Maine’s bear hunting referendums. In Maine, there were two referendums to ban baiting, hounding, and trapping that narrowly failed. This article investigated the representation of debate themes in public discourse. We examined key cognitions toward baiting, hounding, and trapping in 247 newspaper articles concerning the referendums. Results showed that pro-referendum entities frequently express negative attitudes toward baiting, hounding, and trapping, while, conversely, anti-referendum entities argue Maine needs these methods to control the population and that they benefit humans. Results suggested implications for future black bear hunting policy and represented a critical step toward developing communication strategies among government officials, animal welfare advocates, and the hunting community.
Multiple oriented robots for search and rescue operations

Search and rescue (SAR) operations in a tragedy affected area is challenging. The rescue robots helps in the exploration of unknown, confined and cluttered environments. Multiple robots are developed will to explore the disaster affected region and will be able to detect any people or living beings present there. The robots have living beings as their targets in tragedy affected area. The multiple robots deployed in the field, traverse through the tragedy affected area. A novel algorithm has been developed which helps in finding the target. The rescue robots are programmed to find the shortest and less obstacle path to reach the target. Due to the tragedy affected environment, the robots decides the moving direction based on the information gathered by sensors such that the optimal path between start and goal positions can be found. The path to target by the robots are shared among them and best path is chosen among them. The robots explore and searches the region avoiding the obstacles and whenever it comes into contact with a living being it shares the information among other robots. The CO2 level of the particular region is also checked to know whether the person is in breathing state. The algorithm will be developed in order to increase the pace of the search and to locate the living being. The SAR robots have application over tragedy affected areas like earthquake, avalanche, etc.
Differential Splicing of FLM Partially Explains High-Temperature-Induced Flowering Time Plasticity in Wild Ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana

Premise of research. Recent increases in global temperature have been shown to adversely affect the reproductive success of certain plant species. It is predicted that plant taxa exhibiting phenotypic plasticity in flowering traits might be able to tolerate increased mean annual temperatures better than less plastic taxa. However, the underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms for phenotypic plasticity in response to high temperatures are only starting to be elucidated. Methodology. We characterized flowering time plasticity in 14 wild ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana under 18°C and 26°C and determined whether alternative splicing of the ambient temperature flowering pathway gene FLOWERING LOCUS-M (FLM) and expression of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) can explain flowering time plasticity in a subset of these ecotypes. Pivotal results. Our results demonstrate intraspecific variation in A. thaliana temperature-mediated phenotypic plasticity and show that potentially stressful high temperatures do not dampen intraspecific variation in flowering time relative to lower temperatures but do reduce variation across the ecotype means. Although average SVP expression is consistently lower in plants grown at 18°C versus 26°C, the ratio of FLM-β to FLM-δ correlates with flowering time plasticity in only three out of five ecotypes. Furthermore, percentage change in the FLM-β:FLM-δ ratio between temperatures does not explain plasticity in flowering time across all populations. Conclusions. Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes respond plastically in flowering time to changes in temperature, with higher temperatures causing a general shift toward early flowering. Although SVP and FLM-β expression tracks reaction norms, we failed to find evidence supporting a role for plasticity of alternative FLM splicing in intraspecific flowering time variation when ecotypes of A. thaliana were grown under moderate versus high temperatures. This suggests other, as yet unexplored genetic regulators of high-temperature flowering time plasticity across the natural range of A. thaliana.
Precise Statistical Approach for Leaf Segmentation

One thing that assists in automatic environmental monitoring is leaf segmentation. By segmenting a leaf, image-based leaf health assessment can be performed which is crucial in maintaining the effectiveness of the environmental balance. This paper presents a technique that serves an accurate framework for diseased leaf segmentation from Coloured imaged. In other words, this method works to use information generated from RGB images that we have stored in our data base to represent the current input image. To achieve such technique, four main steps were constructed: 1) Using contrast variations to characterize the region of interest (ROI) of a given leaf which enhances the accuracy of the segmentation using minimal time. 2) using linear combination of discrete Gaussians (LCDG) to represent the visual appearance of the input image and to assume the marginal probability distributions of the three regions of interest classes. 3) Using information generated from RGB images that we have stored in our data base to calculate the probabilities of the three classes on a pixel basis in step two. 4) Lastly, clarifying the labels with Gauss-Markov random field model (GGMRF) to maintain the continuity. After all these steps, the experimental validation promised high accuracy.
New tools for diet analysis: nanopore sequencing of metagenomic DNA from rat stomach contents to quantify diet

Using metagenomics to determine animal diet offers a new and promising alternative to current methods. Here we show that rapid and inexpensive diet quantification is possible through metagenomic sequencing with the portable Oxford Nanopore MinION. Using a simple amplification-free approach, we profiled the stomach contents from wild-caught rats. We conservatively identified diet items from over 50 taxonomic orders, ranging across nine phyla that include plants, vertebrates, invertebrates, and fungi. This highlights the wide range of taxa that can be identified using this simple approach. We calibrate the accuracy of this method by comparing the characteristics of reads matching the ground-truth host genome (rat) to those matching diet items. We also suggest a means to correct for biases in metagenomic approaches that arise due to the paucity of genomic sequence in databases as compared to mitochondrial DNA or rDNA. Finally, we implement a constrained ordination analysis to show that it is possible to identify the sampling location of an individual rat within tens of kilometres based on diet content alone. This work establishes long-read metagenomic methods as a straightforward and robust approach for diet quantification. It considerably simplifies the workflow and avoids many inherent biases as compared to metabarcoding. Continued increases in the accuracy and throughput of Nanopore sequencing, along with improved genomic databases, means that this approach will continue to improve in accuracy.
Destek Eğitim Odasında Görevlendirilen Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Sınıf Yönetimine İlişkin Bilgi Düzeyleri

Bu arastirmanin amaci, destek egitim odasinda gorevlendirilen sinif ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimine iliskin bilgi duzeylerini belirlemek ve bu bilgi duzeyinin cinsiyetlerine, mezun olduklari okul turune, mesleki kidemlerine ve sinif yonetimi konusunda egitim alip almadiklarina gore farklilik gosterip gostermedigini ortaya koymaktir. Tarama modeli niteliginde olan bu arastirmanin calisma grubunu, 53 sinif ogretmeni olusturmaktadir. Calisma grubunun belirlenmesinde, amacli ornekleme yontemlerinden olcut ornekleme yontemi kullanilmistir. Nicel ve nitel arastirma tekniklerinin birlikte kullanildigi bu arastirmada nicel veri toplama araci olarak “Sinif Yonetimi Bilgi Duzeyi Olcme Testi” nitel veri toplama araci olarak ise “Gorusme Formu” kullanilmistir. Elde edilen nicel verilerin analizinde frekans, t-testi, tek yonlu varyans analizi ve Scheffe coklu karsilastirma testi, nitel verilerin analizinde ise betimsel analiz teknigi kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonuclari, destek egitim odasinda gorevlendirilen sinif ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimine iliskin bilgi duzeylerinin dusuk oldugunu, bilgi duzeylerinin mesleki kidemlerine ve sinif yonetimi konusunda egitim almalarina gore farklilik gosterdigini, mezun olduklari okul turune ve cinsiyete gore ise farklilik gostermedigini ortaya koymustur.
From Neighbors to Partners: The Adoption of Interlocal Government Collaboration in the United States, 1977–2007

Local governments in the United States frequently collaborate with neighboring localities for service provision despite the high costs of this strategy. Using the Institutional Collective Action (ICA) framework, this article argues that a key explanation of interlocal collaboration lies in the way local leaders learn from the behavior of neighboring jurisdictions that collaborate, which alters the transaction costs of their own potential collaborations. Using a data set of financial transfers for 35,000 jurisdictions over a 30-year span, the article shows that localities are more likely to collaborate when a larger share of their neighbors collaborated in the past.
Error estimates for Galerkin finite element approximations of time-fractional nonlocal diffusion equation

This paper is concerned to study the well-posedness, the Mittag–Leffler stability of solutions of time-fractional nonlocal reaction–diffusion equation in bounded domain We use the Faedo–Galerkin approximation method with initial data in to show a solution in Further, we construct the suitable Lyapunov function to ensure that a solution of the proposed model is the Mittag–Leffler stable. Furthermore, we fully discretize the Galerkin finite element method for the proposed time-fractional model in two-space dimension. Here, time-fractional derivative is given in Caputo's sense and discretized using approximation scheme. Error analysis of the proposed numerical method is performed and error bounds are obtained for the error measured in norm. All the theoretical results are validated with several constructive numerical examples.
Variations in the Frequency of Stratospheric Sudden Warmings in CMIP5 and CMIP6 and Possible Causes

The climatological frequency of stratospheric sudden warming events (SSWs) is an important dynamical characteristic of the extratropical stratosphere. However, modern climate models have difficulties in simulating this frequency, with many models either considerably underor overestimating the observational estimates. Past research has found that models with a higher upper lid tend to simulate a higher and more realistic number of SSWs. The present study revisits this issue and investigates causes for biases in the simulated SSW frequency from the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. It is found that variations in the frequency are closely related to 1) the strength of the polar vortex and 2) the upwardpropagating wave activity in the stratosphere. While it is difficult to explain the variations in the polar vortex strength from the availablemodel output, the stratospheric wave activity is influenced by different aspects of the climatological mean state of the atmosphere in the lower stratosphere. We further find that models with a finer vertical resolution in the stratosphere are overall more realistic: vertical resolution is associated with a smaller cold bias above the extratropical tropopause, more upward-propagating wave activity in the lower stratosphere, and a higher frequency of SSWs. We conclude that not only a high model lid but also a fine vertical resolution in the stratosphere is important for simulating the dynamical variability of the stratosphere.
BMP signaling controls postnatal muscle development.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), a subfamily of TGF-β growth factors, have been shown to be key signals that regulate embryonic and fetal muscle precursors during prenatal myogenesis, as well as the stem cells of adult muscle, termed ‘satellite cells’, when activated during muscle regeneration. The main aims of my thesis were to elucidate whether BMP signaling plays a role during postnatal/juvenile satellite cell-dependent muscle growth as well as for maintenance of adult muscle mass. I found that components of BMP signaling pathway are expressed in muscle satellite cells of neonatal, juvenile and adult mice. I used transgenic mouse lines to conditionally overexpress the BMP signaling cascade inhibitor Smad6 in muscle satellite cells and in differentiated skeletal muscle. I show that BMP signaling is required for correct proliferation of muscle satellite cells and their differentiation into myonuclei, thereby ensuring that the growing muscle fibers reach the correct final size. Moreover, I demonstrated that the final number of muscle stem cells is established during the postnatal/juvenile growth phase and this also depends on the BMP signaling cascade. Finally, I provide evidence that BMP signaling is a strong hypertrophic signal for the adult skeletal muscle and its presence is indispensable for muscle tissue maintenance. In summary, my findings demonstrate that BMPs are essential growth factors for postnatal skeletal muscle.
Do Bufonids Employ Different Anti-Predator Behaviors Than Ranids? Comparison among Three European Anurans

European anurans are prey for a variety of predators, against which they have evolved a range of defense behaviors. We investigated defensive behaviors of three European anurans: the Common Toad (Bufo bufo), the Common Frog (Rana temporaria), and the Edible Frog (Pelophylax esculentus) during interactions with a predator (hedgehog) and a control stimulus (rabbit). We hypothesized that (H1) due to small capacity to flee quickly from a predator, B. bufo has evolved a more diverse repertoire of behavioral defenses than the ranids, R. temporaria and P. esculentus. We also hypothesized that (H2) B. bufo can minimize the secretion of metabolically costly poison through behavioral control. According to our predictions, the repertoire of defensive behaviors was more complex in B. bufo than in the ranids. Also, the number of threatening behaviors was higher in toads than in both frog species. Fleeing was the most common response employed by all tested anurans. We report a new anti-predator behavior in the Common Toad: head hitting. As B. bufo released the poison only after squeezing of parotoid macroglands by the predator, we conclude that the Common Toad can minimize poison release through behavioral control. Our data suggest that length of hind-legs and, related to this, mode of locomotion (jumping vs. hopping) can affect anti-predator behavior in anurans.
Assessment of fish populations and habitat on Oculina Bank, a deep-sea coral marine protected area off eastern Florida

A portion of the Oculina Bank located off eastern Florida is a marine protected area (MPA) preserved for its dense populations of the ivory tree coral (Oculina varicosa), which provides important habitat for fish. Surveys of fish assemblages and benthic habitat were conducted inside and outside the MPA in 2003 and 2005 by using remotely operated vehicle video transects and digital still imagery. Fish species composition, biodiversity, and grouper densities were used to determine whether O. varicosa forms an essential habitat compared to other structure-forming habitats and to examine the effectiveness of the MPA. Multivariate analyses indicated no differences in fish assemblages or biodiversity among hardbottom habitat types and grouper densities were highest among the most complex habitats; however the higher densities were not exclusive to coral habitat. Therefore, we conclude that O. varicosa was functionally equivalent to other hardbottom habitats. Even though fish assemblages were not different among management areas, biodiversity and grouper densities were higher inside the MPA compared to outside. The percentage of intact coral was also higher inside the MPA. These results provide initial evidence demonstrating effectiveness of the MPA for restoring reef fish and their habitat. This is the first study to compare reef fish populations on O. varicosa with other structure-forming reef habitats and also the first to examine the effectiveness of the MPA for restoring fish populations and live reef cover.
Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Dye Degradation by Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles

Considering the impact of organic dyes as industrial effluents on the environment, this research study describes the synthesis, structural and morphological characterization, and visible light induced photo-catalytic studies of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoONPs). In order to synthesize the CoONPs, a tetra-nuclear cobalt(III)-Schiff base complex was prepared in crystalline phase and employed to produce CoONPs through thermal decomposition of the synthetic precursor. The morphology of the nanoparticle has been delineated with different spectroscopic and analytic methods. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (FE-SEM and HR-TEM) analyses estimate the cauliflower structured CoONPs with an average size ~80 nm. The photo-catalytic behavior of CoONPs has been tested against murexide and titan yellow dye in aqueous phase. This CoONPs ensure more than 90% of degradation for murexide while ~60% degradation has been observed for titan yellow (TY) in aqueous phase for a same time interval. MX and TY adopt different structures which bring the variation in rate of photosensitization for the synthetic CoONPs photocatalyst and account on the different photocatalytic efficiency towards the degradation of MX and TY in presence of visible light.