Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Curvature-related eddy-current losses in laminated axial flux machine cores

An axiperiodic quasistatic model to evaluate the magnetic flux density distribution and power loss due to curvature-related radial flux in the laminated core of axial flux machines is presented. It is shown that the relatively low effective permeability in the radial direction and the shielding effect of induced eddy currents result in negligible radial flux density compared to the peak flux densities in the axial and circumferential directions. This justifies the assumption of zero radial flux, which simplifies electromagnetic modelling of axial flux machine cores. The model predicts that power loss due to curvature-related radial flux is insignificant compared to normal eddy-current loss if the core permeability, core conductivity and number of poles are sufficiently high. A laboratory technique is proposed for the practical detection of power loss due to curvature-related radial flux.
Modelling of the impedance frequency response of transformers at no load and under nominal conditions

The need for models that represent the behaviour of transformers operating in steady state or submitted to transient events is of great importance in studies involving power systems. In this context, this study presents a model used to represent the impedance frequency response of transformers at no load and under nominal conditions. In the model, networks of parameters with RLC cells are employed to reproduce the resonances present in the frequency responses and also RL network sections are used to represent the frequency-dependent effects in the core, which aid in the current damping during transient events. The parameter values of these networks are determined with the least-squares numerical method. To evaluate the model as well as the methodology to determine the parameter values, data originating from measurements of the frequency responses with frequency range from 10 Hz to 2 MHz of two single-phase transformers (16 kVA and 55 MVA) are used. Validations of the model are carried out in the frequency and time domains. The model can be used to simulate transformer operation under nominal conditions of voltage and frequency and also for a broad frequency spectrum.
Comparative Study of Crystallization, Mechanical Properties, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Nanocomposites at Low Filler Loadings of Hydroxyapatite for Bone-Tissue Engineering Based on Poly(l-lactic acid)/Cyclo Olefin Copolymer

A poly(l-lactic acid)/nanohydroxyapatite (PLLA/nHA) scaffold works as a bioactive, osteoconductive scaffold for bone-tissue engineering, but its low degradation rate limits embedded HA in PLLA to efficiently interact with body fluids. In this work, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) was added in lower filler loadings (1, 5, 10, and 20 wt%) in a poly(l-lactic acid)/cyclo olefin copolymer10 wt% (PLLA/COC10) blend to obtain novel poly(l-lactic acid)/cyclo olefin copolymer/nanohydroxyapatite (PLLA/COC10-nHA) scaffolds for bone-tissue regeneration and repair. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship of PLLA/COC10-nHA (ternary system) nanocomposites in comparison with PLLA/nHA (binary system) nanocomposites was systematically studied. Nanocomposites were evaluated for structural (morphology, crystallization), thermomechanical properties, antibacterial potential, and cytocompatibility for bone-tissue engineering applications. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that PLLA/COC10-nHA had uniform morphology and dispersion of nanoparticles up to 10% of HA, and the overall nHA dispersion in matrix was better in PLLA/COC10-nHA as compared to PLLA/nHA. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies confirmed miscibility and transformation of the α-crystal form of PLLA to the ά-crystal form by the addition of nHA in all nanocomposites. The degree of crystallinity (%) in the case of PLLA/COC10-nHA 10 wt% was 114% higher than pure PLLA/COC10 and 128% higher than pristine PLLA, indicating COC and nHA are acting as nucleating agents in the PLLA/COC10-nHA nanocomposites, causing an increase in the degree of crystallinity (%). Moreover, PLLA/COC10-nHA exhibited 140 to 240% (1–20 wt% HA) enhanced mechanical properties in terms of ductility as compared to PLLA/nHA. Antibacterial activity results showed that 10 wt% HA in PLLA/COC10-nHA showed substantial activity against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes. In vitro cytocompatibility of PLLA/COC10 and PLLA nanocomposites with nHA osteoprogenitor cells (MC3T3-E1) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) was evaluated. Both cell lines showed two- to three-fold enhancement in cell viability and 10- to 30-fold in proliferation upon culture on PLLA/COC10-nHA as compared to PLLA/nHA composites. It was observed that the ternary system PLLA/COC10-nHA had good dispersion and interfacial interaction resulting in improved thermomechanical and enhanced osteoconductive properties as compared to PLLA/nHA.
Influence of Content of Crosslinking Agent on the Micromechanical Properties of Glass-Filled Polyamide 6

The process of radiation crosslinking helps to improve some mechanical properties of polymer materials. Some types of polymers do not cross-link during radiation crosslinking but degrade. In order to create 3D net in the polymer structure it is necessary to add a crosslinking agent. The specimens were prepared by injection technology with the TAIC crosslinking agent at 0, 1, 2 and 3 %. The changes of micromechanical properties of the surface layer were measured by instrumented microhardness test. It was found that micromechanical properties of the surface layer of the tested polyamide changed.
Non-contact 3D fingerprint scanner using structured light illumination

As crime prevention and national security remain a top priority, requirements for the use of fingerprints for identification continue to grow. While the size of fingerprint databases continues to expand, new technologies that can improve accuracy and ultimately matching performance will become more critical to maintain the effectiveness of the systems. FlashScan3D has developed non-contact, fingerprint scanners based on the principles of Structured Light Illumination (SLI) that capture 3Dimensional data of fingerprints quickly, accurately and independently of an operator. FlashScan3D will present findings from various research projects performed for the US Army and the Department of Homeland Security.
A review of production planning and control: the applicability of key concepts to the make-to-order industry

The paper reviews ‘classic approaches’ to Production Planning and Control (PPC) such as Kanban, Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) and Theory of Constrains (TOC), and elaborates upon the emergence of techniques such as Workload Control (WLC), Constant Work In Process (CONWIP), Paired cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization (POLCA) and web- or e-based Supply Chain Management (SCM) solutions. A critical assessment of the approaches from the point of view of various sectors of the Make-To-Order (MTO) Industry is presented. The paper considers factors such as the importance of the customer enquiry stage, company size, degree of customization and shop floor configuration and shows them to play a large role in the applicability of planning and control concepts. The paper heightens the awareness of researchers and practitioners to the PPC options, aids managerial system selection decision-making, and highlights the importance of a clear implementation strategy. WLC emerges as the most effective Job Shop solution; whilst for other configurations there are several alternatives depending on individual company characteristics and objectives. The paper outlines key areas for future research, including the need for empirical research into the use of Workload Control in small and medium sized MTO companies.
Development and validation of the acceptance of dating violence questionnaire

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure the acceptance of dating violence among young Chileans, that evaluates both victimization and perpetration perspectives. Based on the Intimate Partner Violence Attitudes Scale, items were developed to fulfill these criteria and were refined through experts’ revisions and participant focus groups. The 30-item questionnaire created (with 15 similar items to measure both perpetration and victimization) was applied to 1120 Chilean high school and university students (14–27 years old, 59.9% females). Results of factorial analysis showed the questionnaire had an adequate fit with the correlated three-factor model (control, emotional violence, and physical violence) for each version (victimization and perpetration). Reliability analyses indicated an adequate internal consistency, and correlations with dating violence provide evidence on its concurrent validity. Results also showed that boys/men accepted more dating violence than girls/women, and adolescents than emerging adults.
Does effective altruism drive private cross-border aid? A qualitative study of American donors to grassroots INGOs

Abstract Given the multitude of outlets to which individuals can give their time and money, why do Americans donate to international causes? This research ties into larger discussions about the changes in the aid architecture and the role of private aid in particular. The contributions of the article are twofold. First, we seek to better understand how certain individual donors come to give to international development aid. Second, we discern altruistic motivations and behaviours attached to this giving and to what extent elements of effective altruism might explain them. Effective altruism emphasises rational and moral decision-making prior to donating in order to judge a donation’s cost-effectiveness – that is, to ensure that the effect of a donation is maximised. We use qualitative data from over 50 interviews with individual donors who give overseas across dozens of grassroots international nongovernmental organisations, participant observation, organisational archival documents and social media content. We find that donors who give to international causes give in response to needs overseas, as effective altruism would suggest. However, the ways in which they experience and calculate needs overseas are distinct from the cause prioritisation proposed by effective altruists.
Analytical Hierarchy Process for Design Selection of Micro Hot-Marking Tool

Veracious concept selection process is crucial in design engineering where, a concept with concise description will fulfill customers’ requirements. Failure in concept selection can lead to inaccurate design which will result in unnecessary process repetition of the initial stage. One of the best tools that can be used in determining the best design concept is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Micro Hot-Marking Tool (HMT) is a super-finished tool with micro tip which is to be used for alphabetical marking process using CNC milling machine. In this research, AHP was successfully employed in selecting design concept for HMT. Four significant and robust concepts were analyzed, namely C1, C2, C3 & C4. Concept 2 (C2) has been chosen as the best concept with the highest score of 27% among all the evaluated concepts which will be taken into next design stage.
Speed control system design and experimentation for interior PMSM drives

This paper presents a robust speed-control strategy using a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives. The sufficient conditions of linear matrix inequalities, which can guarantee the existence of the fuzzy controller gains, are derived from a common quadratic Lyapunov function. Moreover, the maximum torque per ampere control is incorporated to improve the torque production in the constant torque region and the efficiency of the IPMSM drive. The global stability of an observer-based control system is analytically proven. Simulations and experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach through a prototype IPMSM drive system. Consequently, the proposed fuzzy control methodology can achieve less steady-state error and less sensitivity than the conventional feedback linearisation control method under motor parameter variations and external disturbances.
The Simulation and Comparative Analysis of the Different Structure of Cyclone Separator, and the Construction of Optimal Experimental Model

Cyclone separator has been widely used in power, chemical engineering, etc and has been one of the most accepted separators for gas-solid. To obtain the optimal experimental model, the flow field and particles trajectory from different structure of cyclone separator were simulated and compared using RNG κ-ε model in FLUNT software. Then the optimal experimental model was obtained. Furthermore, the velocity and pressure in this model was simulated and analyzed. This optimal experimental model might provide basis for further designing effective and low-power-consumption cyclone separator.
Full SPICE model for transfer impedance and transfer admittance inclusion in shielded coaxial cables analysis

A SPICE circuit model for the evaluation, in both the frequency and time domains of the coupling of a shielded coaxial cable with an external electromagnetic source is developed. The proposed equivalent circuit takes into account the presence of both the transfer impedance, and the transfer admittance and does not need this subdivision into elementary cells. All needed computations are executed, in the form of equivalent active and passive networks, inside the SPICE environment without needing to resort to external CAD tools. The intermediate and final results are validated by means of a comparison with results evaluated by independent methods.
Comparison of EKF and TSO for Health Monitoring of a Textile-Based Heater Structure and its Control

In this article, the conception, design, and implementation of a discrete extended Kalman filter and a Takagi–Sugeno observer are introduced, and an innovative model description of an embroidered heater structure is presented. The observers are compared based on the algorithm complexity with the indicator of the number of arithmetic operations and the parameter error of the textile-based heater structure for health monitoring through virtual sensing. The proposed schemes allow an estimation of the heater temperature to guarantee safety by preventing overheating without a direct measurement. An estimation strategy is necessary because measurements of the temperature of the whole heater structure are usually not available, but this knowledge is vital for health monitoring purposes or for a safe shutdown if necessary. A cascaded sliding-mode control strategy using an integral surface for the electrical current and the temperature is presented. Measurements validate the utilized model. The effectiveness of the observers is justified by hardware-in-the-loop simulations and measurements.
Operational scenarios for single-sensor vision metrology systems in industrial measurement

The introduction of vision metrology (VM) systems into various facets of industrial measurement is slowly gaining momentum. Research and development attention is centered on multisensor stereo configurations with near real-time measurement feedback. The potential of single-sensor VM has been largely overlooked, in spite of its promise as an automated on-line high-accuracy 3D measurement tool in large-scale manufacturing. In this paper general attributes of single-sensor VM systems are discussed and two operational scenarios are outlined, one of which involves integration with traditional off-line optical triangulation systems. Example applications of single-sensor VM in the aerospace, nuclear, and automobile industries are also briefly summarized.
Modeling and dynamic simulation of a salient-pole synchronous generator with eccentricity

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a salient-pole synchronous machine including static, dynamic or mixed eccentricity between stator and rotor. The generator is connected to an infinite bus bar and the abc reference frame is used to large disturbances angular stability studies, three-phase short circuit. The Modified Winding Function Method (MWFM) is employed to describe the machine windings and calculate the inductances of the generator. The permeance distribution is obtained by graphical determination of the field flux plot. Finally the calculated inductances are used to simulate the behavior of the generator under steady state operation, during a three-phase fault and after the fault clearance.
TWO-ELEMENT BROADSIDE ARRAYS USING CYLINDRICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNAS

The radiation from two different broadside dielectric resonator antenna arrays, shaping the Eθ and Eϕ field components, has been theoretically modeled and experimentally verified. The gains of the two arrays have been increased by factors of 2.6 and 1.6, respectively, compared with the gain of a single DRA. However, the impedance bandwidth has been reduced by a factor of 2.3 with respect to the bandwidth of a single DRA. Good agreement exists between the theoretical and experimental results. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Making Your Tweets More Fancy: Emoji Insertion to Texts

In the social media, users frequently use small images called emojis in their posts. Although using emojis in texts plays a key role in recent communication systems, less attention has been paid on their positions in the given texts, despite that users carefully choose and put an emoji that matches their post. Exploring positions of emojis in texts will enhance understanding of the relationship between emojis and texts. We extend an emoji label prediction task taking into account the information of emoji positions, by jointly learning the emoji position in a tweet to predict the emoji label. The results demonstrate that the position of emojis in texts is a good clue to boost the performance of emoji label prediction. Human evaluation validates that there exists a suitable emoji position in a tweet, and our proposed task is able to make tweets more fancy and natural. In addition, considering emoji position can further improve the performance for the irony detection task compared to the emoji label prediction. We also report the experimental results for the modified dataset, due to the problem of the original dataset for the first shared task to predict an emoji label in SemEval2018.
Pitch angular velocity dynamics property in transverse galloping pattern from the passive dynamic perspective

This paper employs the simplified quadrupedal passive dynamic model to analyze the underlying property of the transverse gallop. First, the simplified sagittal quadrupedal planar model of the transverse gallop, the trot, and searching methods for achieving the periodic motion are introduced. Next, we explore the dynamic performance of the transverse galloping pattern on the simplified quadrupedal passive dynamic model at different forward speeds and different stiffnesses of legs in a range of initial angular velocities at which the periodic motion is achieved, and there exists a particular property that is defined as the pitch angular velocity dynamics (PAVD) property. If the forward speed and the stiffness of legs are adequate in the transverse galloping pattern, the PAVD emerges and the forces (e.g. peak ground reaction force and average vertical force) that the model undergoes during locomotion are sharply reduced. The Froude numbers of the minimum forward speed where PAVD holds at a fixed stiffness of legs for different samples are virtually the same. Moreover, a comparison between the trot and the transverse gallop illustrates that a trot is more favorable in the range of forward speeds where the PAVD property is not achieved, while a transverse gallop is better after the property emerges.
A Particle Swarm Optimisation with Linearly Decreasing Weight for Real-Time Traffic Signal Control

Nowadays, traffic congestion has become a significant challenge in urban areas and densely populated cities. Real-time traffic signal control is an effective method to reduce traffic jams. This paper proposes a particle swarm optimisation with linearly decreasing weight (LDW-PSO) to tackle the signal intersection control problem, where a finite-interval model and an objective function are built to minimise spoilage time. The performance was evaluated in real-time simulation imitating a crowded intersection in Dalian city (in China) via the SUMO traffic simulator. The simulation results showed that the LDW-PSO outperformed the classical algorithms in this research, where queue length can be reduced by up to 20.4% and average waiting time can be reduced by up to 17.9%.
Swarming/Flocking and Collision Avoidance for Mass Airdrop of Autonomous Guided Parafoils

Swarming and flocking are two words used interchangeably to refer to modeled flight which is biologically inspired by the flight of flocking birds and swarming insects. The capability of biological flight systems to autonomously maneuver, track, and pursue evasive targets in a cluttered environment is vastly superior to current engineered systems. Our effort seeks to fully use the developed understanding of these biological systems to improve the design of engineered guidance and control systems for autonomous UAVs, and in particular parafoil based systems. This paper details our development from concept, through simulation, through successful implementation on fleets of 5 UAV para-gliders.
Controlled fabrication of advanced functional structures on the nanoscale by means of electron beam-induced processing

The controlled deposition of materials by means of electron beam induced processing (EBIP) is a well-established patterning method, which allows for the fabrication of nanostructures with high spatial resolution in a highly precise and flexible manner. Applications range from the production of ultrathin coatings and nanoscaled conductivity probes to super sharp atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips, to name but a few. The latter are typically deposited at the very end of silicon or silicon-nitride tips, which are fabricated with MEMS technologies. EBIP therefore provides the unique ability to converge MEMS to NEMS in a highly controllable way, and thus represents an encouraging opportunity to refine or even develop further MEMS-based features with advanced functionality and applicability. In this paper, we will present and discuss exemplary application solutions, where we successfully applied EBIP to overcome dimensional and/or functional limitations. We therefore show the fabrication stability and accuracy of “T-like-shaped” AFM tips made from high density, diamond-like carbon (HDC/DLC) for the investigation of undercut structures on the base of CDR30-EBD tips. Such aggressive CD-AFM tip dimensions are mandatory to fulfill ITRS requirements for the inspection of sub-28nm nodes, but are unattainable with state-of-art Si-based MEMS technologies today. In addition to that, we demonstrate the ability of EBIP to realize field enhancement in sensor applications and the fabrication of cold field emitters (CFE). For example: applying the EBIP approach allows for the production of CFEs, which are characterized by considerably enhanced imaging resolution compared to standard thermal field emitters and stable operation properties at room temperature without the need for periodic cathode flashing – unlike typical CFEs. Based on these examples, we outline the strong capabilities of the EBIP approach to further downscale functional structures in order to meet future demands in the semiconductor industry, and demonstrate its promising potential for the development of advanced functionalities in the field of NEMS.