Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in the design of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for the treatment of malignancies

Introduction: The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is known to be dysregulated in several forms of cancer. Hence, specifically targeting this signaling cascade is a valid and promising strategy for successful therapeutic intervention. Several components within the Hh pathway have been proven to be druggable; however, challenges in the discovery and development process for small molecules targeting this pathway have been identified. Areas covered: This review details both the current state and future potential of Hh pathway inhibitors as anticancer chemotherapeutics that target a variety of human malignancies. Expert opinion: The initial development of Hh pathway inhibitors focused on small-molecule antagonists of Smoothened, a transmembrane protein that is a key regulator of pathway signaling. More recently, efforts to identify and develop inhibitors of pathway signaling that function through alternate mechanisms have been increasing. However, none of these have advanced into clinical trials. Further, early evidence suggesting the broad application of Hh pathway inhibitors as a monotherapy in a wide range of human cancers has not been validated. The potential for Hh pathway inhibitors as combination therapy has demonstrated promising preclinical results. However, more research to identify rational drug combinations to fully explore the potential of this anticancer drug class is warranted.
A comparative study on conducted noise characteristics of SiC and GaN power transistor

Wide-bandgap power devices such as those made from silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) realize fast switching and it helps to increase the efficiency of power conversion. This report experimentally compares static and dynamic characteristics of wide-bandgap power switching transistors; SiC MOSFET and cascode GaN transistor, and focuses on their characteristics of electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise in a DC-DC boost converter.
CLASSIFICATION OF WINE WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

This paper deals with the using of a neural network for classification of wine. Classification plays an important role in human activity. For classifying a material, the physical properties, contents of material or further special information can be used. We tried to implement a neural network that can classify wines from three wineries by thirteen attributes. In this work the two layers feed forward network with back-propagation (BP) is used to classify the wine samples. This is an illustration of pattern recognition problem in which the attributes are related with different type of wine. Our designation is to train neural networks to find which type belongs the wine, when different attributes are given as input.
An ultra low power frequency synthesizer based on multiphase fractional frequency divider

This paper proposes a 2.4 GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer based on a multiphase fractional frequency divider with a stepsize of 0.25. A retimer is implemented to remove glitches and improve robustness. The synthesizer fullfills the bluetooth specifications and consumes less than 5.8mW at 1.2V. In contrast to other structures, the proposed concept is simpler, duty cycle free, consumes less power, and operates at higher frequency.
Lightning protection

It may seem strange that the subject of lightning protection for transmission lines is receiving so much attention on the part of electrical engineers, since lightning protective devices have nothing whatever to do with the ordinary operating characteristics of a transmission system. However, the reliability of a line is often dependent upon its adequate protection from lightning-discharges and in some sections of the country satisfactory service would be out of the question without such protection.
A PROBABILISTIC APPROACH TO ACCOUNT FOR THE “ WEARIN ” SCATTER OF A HYBRID COMPOSITE MATERIAL

1 General Introduction Recently, transmitting greater amounts of electric energy has become a global issue that has arisen due to the fact that current transmission line designs (based upon steel cores) are thermally limited, which restricts the amount of power that can be delivered. Utilities are faced with the difficult task of increasing power delivery under severe constraints [1]. To solve this problem the use of a hybrid polymer matrix composite (PMC) material has been proposed as the load bearing member of a new higher temperature, more efficient design. The Aluminum Conducting Composite Core Trapezoidal Wire (ACCC/TW) design is based upon unidirectional high strength carbon fibers reinforcing a high temperature epoxy (CFC). Electrically isolating the carbon fiber composite from the conductive aluminum strands is a sheath of unidirectional Electric Corrosion Resistant (ECR) glass fibers embedded in the same high temperature epoxy (GFC) (Fig. 1).
Packet Loss Performance of Selective Cell Discard Schemes in ATM Switches

In transport-layer protocols such as TCP over ATM networks, a packet is discarded when one or more cells of that packet are lost, and the destination node then requires its source to retransmit the corrupted packet. Therefore, once one of the cells constituting a packet is lost, its subsequent cells of the corrupted packet waste network resources. Thus, discarding those cells will enable us to efficiently utilize network resources, and will improve the packet loss probability. We focus on tail dropping (TD) and early packet discard (EPD) as selective cell discard schemes which enforce the switches to discard some of the arriving cells instead of relaying them. We exactly analyze the packet loss probability in a system applying these schemes. Their advantages and limits are then discussed based on numerical results derived through the analysis.
Maximizing tissue response in selected subjects with anterior open bites.

AIM Open bites are challenging malocclusions with a multifactorial etiology, varying clinical severity, and questionable stability. The aim of this article is to describe a method for maximizing tissue response in the treatment of selected subjects with anterior open bites. METHOD Twelve subjects with an anterior open bite and insufficient incisor display underwent a limited corticotomy to augment alveolar bone response by creating an anteroposterior intra-arch anchorage differential. Cephalometric radiographs were taken before treatment (T1) and 1 month after open bite closure (T2). The change in perceived smile esthetics was assessed by a visual analog scale. RESULTS All open bites were closed after a mean of 6 weeks. Radiographic evaluation showed significant maxillary incisor extrusion and retrusion. There was a notable improvement in smile esthetics after treatment. CONCLUSION It is possible to close anterior open bites rapidly with significant improvement in smile esthetics in a selected group of anterior open-bite subjects.
Meaning Transfer and the Compositional Semantics of Nominalizations

Deverbal nominalizations derived with –ung in German display different sortal readings (e.g. event, result, object) depending on the context that they occur in. However, there are cases that show conflicting evidence and hence pose problems for the compositional process. This paper provides a new explanation for the constructions in which one nominalization is understood as expressing two different readings simultaneously in order to match different semantic restrictions by modifiers or governing predicates. As these cases cannot be explained sufficiently by conventional strategies of interpreting nominalizations in context, I apply Nunberg’s notion of predicate transfer to shift the context rather than the noun: It is claimed that the nominalization expresses just one reading that fits the semantic restriction of the first modifier or predicate, while the second modifier or predicate changes its meaning through meaning enrichment. This analysis allows for the preserving of compositionality and releases other theories of these special cases.
Characterization of synaptically elicited GABAB responses using patch‐clamp recordings in rat hippocampal slices.

1. Tight‐seal, whole‐cell voltage clamp recording techniques were used to characterize monosynaptically evoked GABAB currents in adult rat brain slices maintained at 34‐35 degrees C. Responses were recorded from granule cells of the dentate gyrus following the blockade of 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX)‐, D‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (D‐AP5)‐ and picrotoxin‐sensitive fast synaptic transmission, so that the remaining synaptic currents could be studied in isolation. 2. Under these conditions, stimulation in the molecular layer elicited a slow outward current which was blocked by the selective GABAB antagonist CGP 35348 in a concentration‐dependent manner (200‐800 microM). This current was absent in recordings made with pipettes containing 10‐15 mM of the lidocaine derivative QX‐314 or when caesium was substituted for K+. 3. Increasing the [K+]o e‐fold (from 2.5 to 6.8 mM) shifted the reversal potential of the GABAB current from ‐97.9 to ‐73.2 mV, as predicted by the Nernst equation. Peak conductance was constant, but in 6.8 mM [K+]o at voltages hyperpolarized to EK (equilibrium potential for potassium), a small outward rectification was evident. 4. The time course of the current could be described by fourth‐power exponential activation kinetics with double exponential inactivation. At 34‐35 degrees C, the average activation time constant (tau m) was 45.2 ms, while the two inactivation time constants (tau h1 and tau h2) were 110.2 and 516.2 ms, with corresponding weighting factors (wh1 and wh2) of 0.84 and 0.16, respectively. The Q10 (temperature coefficient) values for these time constants were between 1.82 and 2.31. Neither tau m, nor tau h1 and tau h2 were voltage dependent in the range from ‐45 to ‐95 mV. 5. Paired‐pulse depression of the GABAB current was studied by giving identical conditioning and test stimuli over a wide range (50‐5000 ms) of interstimulus intervals (ISIs). The maximal depression (48%) occurred at 200 ms ISI, and the depression lasted for over 5 s. The magnitude of paired‐pulse depression was not dependent on the postsynaptic membrane potential. 6. Application of the competitive antagonist CGP 35348 such that the peak current was diminished by approximately 50% had no effect on the activation or inactivation kinetics of the current. Similarly, during paired‐pulse depression the kinetics of test currents were identical to those of conditioning currents. These findings support the hypothesis that the mechanism responsible for paired‐pulse depression involves a reduction in neurotransmitter release without postsynaptic alterations in K+ channel activation/inactivation kinetics. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Oxidative stress in the denervated muscle

Abstract Following experimental hind limb denervation in rats, this study demonstrates that oxidative stress occurs and advances an hypothesis about its origin. In fact: (i) ROS are formed; (ii) membrane lipids are oxidized; (iii) oxidized ion channels and pumps may lead to increased [Ca2+]i; all the above mentioned events increase with denervation time. In the denervated muscle, (iv) mRNA abundance of cytoprotective and anti-oxidant proteins (Hsp70, Hsp27, Sod1, Catalase, Gpx1, Gpx4, Gstm1), as well as (v) SOD1 enzymatic activity and HSP70i protein increase; (vi) an unbalance in mitochondrial OXPHOS enzymes occurs, presumably leading to excess mitochondrial ROS production; (vii) increased cPLA2α expression (mRNA) and activation (increased [Ca2+]i) may lead to increased hydroperoxides release. Since anti-oxidant defences appear inadequate to counterbalance increased ROS production with increased denervation time, an anti-oxidant therapeutic strategy seems to be advisable in the many medical conditions where the nerve-muscle connection is impaired.
Application of color sorter in wheat milling

The color sorting machines inspect grains by means of digital cameras and remove contaminants by a short burst of compressed air by using the colour difference. This machine has been successfully used in the rice milling industry for long time. Recently color sorters have begun to find their way into durum semolina milling and also into wheat flour mills.The color sorter are used in the wheat cleaning to remove ergot wheat, black tip, fusarium, burnt, other discolored grains and other inner contaminants. Today’s advanced color sorters are robust, compact, requires less maintenance and consumes very little energy. The color sorting has come of age and should be considered for inclusion in any modern wheat cleaning plant. Optical sorters are taking the place of traditional disc and indented separators in the wheat milling process. In the present review the use and integration of color sorter in wheat cleaning flow sheet were discussed in details.
Risk of cataract among users of intranasal corticosteroids.

BACKGROUND Oral corticosteroid users are at increased risk of cataract, but the risk among intranasal corticosteroids users is unknown. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to describe the risk of cataract among users of intranasal steroids. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study of cataract incidence was conducted among users of oral and intranasal steroids identified from the United Kingdom-based General Practice Research Database with a nested case-control analysis to control for confounding factors. The study population included 286,078 subjects aged less than 70 years old drawn from 350 general practices in England and Wales. Patients were classified as users of only intranasal corticosteroids, users of only oral corticosteroids, and nonusers of either medication. Computerized medical records were used to identify cases of cataract. Two hundred twenty-five cases were randomly selected for validation against general practitioners' held referral and hospitalization letters. RESULTS The incidence rate of cataract (1.0/1000 person-years) among users of intranasal corticosteroids was similar to the incidence rate among nonusers. However, oral corticosteroid users were at higher risk of cataract (2.2/1000 person-years). Approximately 70% of intranasal corticosteroid exposure was to beclomethasone dipropionate only; the event rate in this group was similar to that in the unexposed group. Cataract risk did not increase with the number of prior prescriptions for intranasal corticosteroids. CONCLUSION The use of intranasal corticosteroids was not associated with an increased risk of cataracts in this study population.
Theoretical Connection between Locally Linear Embedding, Factor Analysis, and Probabilistic PCA

Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) is a nonlinear spectral dimensionality reduction and manifold learning method. It has two main steps which are linear reconstruction and linear embedding of points in the input space and embedding space, respectively. In this work, we look at the linear reconstruction step from a stochastic perspective where it is assumed that every data point is conditioned on its linear reconstruction weights as latent factors. The stochastic linear reconstruction of LLE is solved using expectation maximization. We show that there is a theoretical connection between three fundamental dimensionality reduction methods, i.e., LLE, factor analysis, and probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The stochastic linear reconstruction of LLE is formulated similar to the factor analysis and probabilistic PCA. It is also explained why factor analysis and probabilistic PCA are linear and LLE is a nonlinear method. This work combines and makes a bridge between two broad approaches of dimensionality reduction, i.e., the spectral and probabilistic algorithms.
A Preliminary Study of OLAP Queries under different Database Models

From the continuous growth of data that arises in this new era of Big Data, the old assumption of one size fits all solutions is no longer valid. There is a huge effort in development alternatives for relational model. Generally, the study of these databases models targets in providing solutions that increase performance of different applications. For example, in nowadays applications, such as Big Table analysis, analytic queries typically encompass aggregations of huge datasets. To allow for data analysis to occur in a feasible time, it is necessary for database systems to offer good performance in ETL (extract, transform, and load) operations. This paper briefly presents the performance of some representative database models in addressing a set of analytical queries.
INTEGRATING DATA CUBE COMPUTATION AND EMERGING PATTERN MINING FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA ANALYSIS

Online analytical processing (OLAP) in multidimensional text databases has recently become an effective tool for analyzing text-rich data such as web documents. In this capstone project, we follow the trend of using OLAP and the data cube to analyze web documents, but want to address a new problem from the data mining perspective. In particular, we wish to find contrast patterns in documents of different classes and then use those patterns in OLAP style text data and web document analysis. To this end, we propose to integrate the data cube with an important kind of contrast pattern called the emerging pattern, to build a new data model for solving the document analysis problem. Specifically, this novel data model is implemented on top of the traditional data cube by seamlessly integrating the bottom-up cubing (BUC) algorithm with two different emerging pattern mining algorithms, the Border-Differential and the DPMiner. The processes of cube construction and emerging pattern mining are merged together and carried out simultaneously; patterns are stored into the cube as cell measures. Moreover, we study and compare the performance of those two integrations by conducting experiments on datasets derived from the Frequent Itemset Mining Implementations Repository (FIMI). Finally, we suggest improvements and optimizations that can be done in future work.
Mobile Phone-Based Self-Management Tools for Type 2 Diabetes: The Few Touch Application

Background: Mobile phones and other mobile information and communication technology applications and technologies hold great potential as a basis for powerful patient-operated self-management tools within diabetes. The work presented shows how such tools can be designed for supporting lifestyle changes among people with type 2 diabetes and how these were perceived by a group of 12 patients during a 6-month period. Method: The study used focus groups, interviews, feasibility testing, questionnaires, paper prototyping, and prototyping of both software and hardware components. The design process was iterative, addressing the various elements several times at an increasing level of detail. The final test of the application was done qualitatively in everyday settings in a cohort of 12 people with type 2 diabetes, aged 44–70 (four men and eight women). Results: A mobile phone-based system called the Few Touch application was developed. The system includes an off-the-shelf blood glucose (BG) meter, a tailor-made step counter, and software for recording food habits and providing feedback on how users perform in relation to their own personal goals. User feedback from the 6-month user intervention demonstrated good usability of the tested system, and several of the participants adjusted their medication, food habits, and/or physical activity. Of the five different functionalities, the cohort considered the BG sensor system the best. Conclusions: It was shown that it is possible and feasible to design an application where several sensors and feedback applications are integrated in an overall system. The presented Few Touch application challenges people with type 2 diabetes to think about how they can improve their health, providing them with a way to capture and analyze relevant personal information about their disease. The half-year user intervention demonstrated that the system had a motivational effect on the users.
An Overview of Self-Commutating Converters and Their Application in Transmission and Distribution

In the past two decades, the development of the FACTS technology has produced high power forced-commutated converters of high reliability and control flexibility. These developments have now permeated the DC transmission area with the acceptance of the HVDC Light technology and new converter concepts are continually being proposed. This paper provides a critical overview of the state of the art of large power high voltage conversion with reference to potential applications in the power transmission and distribution areas
Experimental and theoretical study of the intramolecular C–H···N and C–H···S hydrogen bonding effects in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the 2‐(alkylsulfanyl)‐5‐amino‐1‐vinylpyrroles: a particular state of amine nitrogen

In the 1H NMR spectra of the 1‐vinylpyrroles with amino‐ and alkylsulfanyl groups in 5 and 2 positions, an extraordinarily large difference between resonance positions of the HA and HB terminal methylene protons of the vinyl group is discovered. Also, the one‐bond 1J(Cβ,HB) coupling constant is surprisingly greater than the 1J(Cβ,HA) coupling constant in pyrroles under investigation, while in all known cases, there was a reverse relationship between these coupling constants. These spectral anomalies are substantiated by quantum chemical calculations. The calculations show that the amine nitrogen lone pair is removed from the conjugation with the π‐system of the pyrrole ring so that it is directed toward the HB hydrogen. These factors are favorable to the emergence of the intramolecular C–HB•••N hydrogen bonding in the s‐cis(N) conformation. On the other hand, the spatial proximity of the sulfur to the HB hydrogen provides an opportunity of the intramolecular C–HB•••S hydrogen bonding in the s‐cis(S) conformation. Presence of the hydrogen bond critical points as well as ring critical point for corresponding chelate ring revealed by a quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) approach confirms the existence of the weak intramolecular C–H•••N and C–H•••S hydrogen bonding. Therefore, an unusual high‐frequency shift of the HB signal and the increase in the 1J(Cβ,HB) coupling constant can be explained by the effects of hydrogen bonding. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.