Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Repetition Rate Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Applications

High repetition rate laser diagnostics has proven to be a useful tool for studying combustion phenomena. Laser techniques are, in general, relatively non-intrusive and have the potential to measure specific species at very low concentrations and with extremely high temporal resolution. However, most laser systems in this field of research are limited to repetition rates below 100 Hz, and are thus incapable of resolving the fastest time scales in turbulent combustion. For this purpose, the multi-YAG laser systems at Lund University have been used. These consist of four double-pulsed Nd:YAG lasers combined into one unit with a single optical output. This allows eight high-energy laser pulses to be fired in very rapid succession. In order to match the repetition rate of the multi-YAG systems, framing cameras consisting of eight intensified CCD detectors with a single optical input were used. Several of the measurements presented in this thesis were made in optically accessible engines. These engines were based on production line engines that were modified for optical measurements through the addition of a Bowditch piston extension. This gives optical access to the combustion chamber from below via a 45 degree mirror and in some cases from the sides as well. The combustion process in the engines has been studied using a number of laser techniques including laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), Raman scattering and laser-induced incandescence (LII). In the work presented in this thesis, multi-YAG laser systems were used to study mixture preparation through the application of high-speed fuel tracer LIF in several different optical engines, both light- and heavy-duty, and various combustion concepts. High-speed LII and Raman spectroscopy were used to study combustion in a heavy-duty diesel engine. This thesis also presents fuel LIF measurements on a fuel tracer using structured laser illumination planar imaging (SLIPI) in the same heavy-duty diesel engine. Various laser techniques were further developed, including high-speed LII and the adaptation of the SLIPI technique for engine measurements. Development of simultaneous measurements of four species in a turbulent flame, and comparisons of different schemes for carbon monoxide LIF were also made. Finally, an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) unit was tested and evaluated together with the multi-YAG system.
Advanced Tracing Methods for Container Messaging Systems Analysis

Containers are increasingly used for software deployment, because of the modularity they offer for packagingand isolating applications. However, this implies a reliable communication system between computing elementsin different containers. Thence, conventional messaging systems have evolved and adapted to increasing loadsand Edge Computing. Inter-container communications, with Message Oriented Middleware, provide insight intothe execution of distributed applications, as well as a deeper input for analysis. However detecting messagelosses and slowdowns on this type of infrastructure is a challenge. Actual tracing solutions for this task werecompared to identify shortcomings and possible improvements. New tracing methods are proposed to addressthese shortcomings and open the door to more versatile tracing tools. This paper focuses on the approachestaken to extract information from messages, and achieve advanced analysis. Two new methods are presented,each providing a detailed picture of the distributed system, while being better suited for different use cases,depending on the environmental constraints.
Research on Feature-Based Rapid Programming for Aircraft NC Parts

Feature-based programming is one of tendency of NC programming technology, and it is also an important portion for CAD/CAPP/CAM integration in the manufacturing enterprises. Because of selecting geometry repeatedly, random programming and bad integration during programming for the aircraft NC parts, the technology of rapid programming based on features is put forward in this paper. On the basis of features, the technology of feature recognition for aircraft NC parts and the algorithm of tool path generation based on features are integrated by taking XML as data transfer standard. With this method, the programming for aircraft NC parts can be realized quickly in the condition of CAD/CAPP/CAM integration. The system developed has been well applied to the programming for aircraft NC parts in an aircraft corporation.
Small scale wind energy harvesting with maximum power tracking

It is well-known that energy harvesting from wind can be used to power remote monitoring systems. There are several studies that use wind energy in small-scale systems, mainly with wind turbine vertical axis. However, there are very few studies with actual implementations of small wind turbines. This paper compares the performance of horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines for energy harvesting on wireless sensor network applications. The problem with the use of wind energy is that most of the time the wind speed is very low, especially at urban areas. Therefore, this work includes a study on the wind speed distribution in an urban environment and proposes a controller to maximize the energy transfer to the storage systems. The generated power is evaluated by simulation and experimentally for different load and wind conditions. The results demonstrate the increase in efficiency of wind generators that use maximum power transfer tracking, even at low wind speeds.
Simulated distribution nitrification: Nitrification Index evaluation and viable AOB

Lab‐scale reactors were used to evaluate the impact of simultaneously increasing temporal influent monochloramine (NH2Cl) concentrations (0.0 to 3.2 mg/L Cl2) and chlorine‐to‐nitrogen mass ratios (0:1 to 3.2:1) on nitrification, allowing evaluation of the recently proposed Nitrification Index (NI) for chloraminated drinking water distribution system operation control. Nitrification was severely affected with a 1.5 mg/L as Cl2 NH2Cl residual, becoming undetectable when the NH2Cl residual reached 3 mg/L Cl2. The calibrated NI was successful in simulating nitrification occurrence. In addition, temporal biofilm sample results demonstrated that viable ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria were (1) dominated by Nitrosomonas europaea‐related species for an NH2Cl residual less than approximately 0.4 mg/L Cl2, (2) dominated by N. oligotropha‐related species for an NH2Cl residual between 0.4 and 1.5 mg/L Cl2, and (3) not detected once the NH2Cl residual was maintained at approximately 3 mg/L Cl2.
A new method for determining the FET small-signal equivalent circuit

A method to determine the small-signal equivalent circuit of FETs is proposed. This method consists of a direct determination of both the extrinsic and intrinsic small-signal parameters in a low-frequency band. This method is fast and accurate, and the determined equivalent circuit fits the S-parameters well up to 26.5 GHz. >
Multistage Sentiment Classification Model using Malaysia Political Ontology

Now-a-days, people use social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to share their opinions on particular entities or services. The sentiment analysis can get the polarity of these opinions, especially in the political domain. However, in Malaysia, current sentiment analysis can be inaccurate when the netizen tempts to use the combination of Malay words in their comments. It is due to the insufficient Malay corpus and sentiment analysis tools. Therefore, this study aims to construct a multistage sentiment classification model based on Malaysia Political Ontology and Malay Political Corpus. The reviews are carried out in sentiment analysis, classification techniques, Malay sentiment analysis, and sentiment analysis on politics. It starts with the data preparation for Malay tweets to produce tokenized Malay words and then, the construction of corpus using corpus filtering, web search, and filtering using linguistic patterns before enhancing with political lexicons. The process continues with the classifier construction. It started with a generic ontology with Malaysia's political context. Lastly, twelve features are identified. Then the extracted features are tested using different classifiers. As a result, Linear Support Vector Machine yields an accuracy of 86.4% for the classification. It proved that the multistage sentiment classification model improved the Malay tweets classification in the political domain. Keywords—Malay corpus; political ontology; sentiment analysis; sentiment classification; social media
International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management

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Nonlinear Polytopic Systems With Predefined Time Convergence

This brief deals with predefined time control for nonlinear polytopic systems. With such a control, the settling time function is uniform with respect to initial conditions of the system and can be chosen by the designer. By using the control Lyapunov function, a sufficient condition is investigated for the existence of a continuous and predefined time stable state feedback controller. The obtained sufficient condition is also necessary, such that the closed-loop nonlinear polytopic system has a robust control Lyapunov function (RCLF) for all possible parametric uncertainties. Finally, a practical system shows the efficacy of the proposed approach.
The Effects of Excitation Errors in Null-Steering Antenna Arrays,

Abstract : Electronic warfare requirements have spurred the development of antenna design techniques that place nulls in the radiation pattern while simultaneously maximizing some desired performance parameter such as gain or signal-to-noise ratio. Such anti-jam techniques require amplitude and phase control of the antenna elements and, on the surface, seem to offer the possibility of obtaining deep pattern nulls and therefore, cancellation of jamming effects. It is well known however, that excitation errors will fill in the pattern nulls and can also squint the beam and modify the sidelobe levels. In this report, the emphasis is on quantifying the error effects. Starting with techniques for the design of null and deep trough patterns, the effects random, discretization, and accuracy errors in the required amplitude and phase settings are examined. Comparison of three radiation patterns, that is, the error free pattern, the average pattern, and the average plus standard deviation pattern illustrates the null and trough depths actually achievable in the presence of feeding errors.
Construction of filter vectors for the information-efficient spectral imaging sensor

The information-efficient spectral imaging sensor (ISIS) seeks to improve system performance by processing hyperspectral information in the optical hardware. Its output may be a gray scale image in which one attempts to maximize the contrast between a given target and the background. Alternatively, its output may be a small number of images, rather than a full data cube, that retain the essential information required in the application. The principal advantages of ISIS is that it offers the discrimination of hyperspectral imaging while achieving the signal-to-noise ratio of multispectral imaging. The paper focuses on construction of the filter vectors that are needed to program ISIS. The instrument produces an image which is essentially a dot product of the scene and the filter vector. Both single vector and multiple vector approaches are considered. Also, we discuss some subtle points related to optimizing the filter vectors.
Stealth dicing characterization, optimization, integration, and operations management for ultra-thin stacked memory dies

This dissertation presents original work in the development of multi-strata subsurface infrared (1.342 pm) nanosecond pulsed laser die singulation (stealth dicing) to enable defectfree ultra-thin stacked memory dies. The over-arching contribution is the first comprehensive and systematic experimental study of stealth dicing, encompassing process physics and simulation, characterization, optimization, and integration, as well as operations management, including statistical process control, sensitivities, interactions, and risk analysis. This work exploits the multi-strata interactions between generated thermal shockwaves and the preceding dislocation layers formed to initiate controlled crack fractures that separate the individual dies from within the interior of the wafer as a method for significant singulation-related defect reduction and die strength enhancement. A new partial-stealth dicing before grinding (p-SDBG) integration based upon the tandem use of three-strata stealth dicing followed by static loading from backgrinding to complete full kerf separation has successfully demonstrated defect-free eight die stacks of 25 and 46 [am thick 2D NAND memory dies on high backside reflectance wafers for the first time. This work resulted in a 3.5% mean increase in memory/system test yield and has been used to realize production-worthy 64 GB retail memory products after passing reliability tests. Based on unit loadings at SanDisk Shanghai for 2014, this translates to annual cost savings averaging $12.OM when extending this technology to all systems-in-package (SIP) products consisting of 4-, 8-, and 16-die stacks. Thesis Supervisor: Roy Welsch Title: Professor of Statistics and Management Science, MIT Sloan School of Management Thesis Supervisor: Duane Boning Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT Department of EECS
A fully integrated variable gain 5.75-GHz LNA with on chip active balun for WLAN

A 5.75-GHz variable gain Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) using 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process is described. A novel gain control technique is proposed which does not affect the matching at the input and output and the gain flatness of the LNA when the gain is varied. Usage of Gain control to achieve low noise figure and high IIP3 simultaneously without increasing the power consumption is demonstrated. Another feature of this LNA is that it also acts as an active balun for converting the single-ended input to a differential output. The LNA does not need any off-chip components and is matched to 50-Ohm. Measured results of this LNA in commercial SOC-16 package include a gain of 21 dB, noise figure of 4.4 dB, gain variation of 10.5 dB and an IIP3 of -6.5 dBm. It draws 9 mA from 1.8 V power supply. The chip area excluding the pads is 0.5 mm /spl times/ 0.6 mm.
Effects of Humidity Condensation on the Trend of Gas Turbine Performance Deterioration

Performance deterioration in gas turbine engines (GTEs) depends on various factors in the ambient and the operating conditions. For example, humidity condensation at the inlet duct of a GTE creates water mist, which affects the fouling phenomena in the compressor and varies the performance. In this paper, the effective factors on the short-term performance deterioration of a GTE are identified and studied. GTE performance level is quantified with two physics-based performance indicators, calculated from the recorded operating data from the control system of a GTE over a full time between overhaul (TBO) period. A regularized particle filtering (RPF) framework is developed for filtering the indicator signals, and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is then trained with the filtered signals and the effective ambient and the operating conditions, i.e., the power, the air mass flow, and the humidity condensation rate. The trained ANFIS model is then run to simulate the GTE performance deterioration in different conditions for system identification. The extracted behavior of the system clearly shows the dependency of the trend of performance deterioration on the operating conditions, especially the humidity condensation rate. The developed technique and the results can be utilized for GTE performance prediction, as well as for suggesting the optimum humidity supply at the GTE intake to control the performance deterioration rate.
Exploring engineering students’ needs in the design of an English for Specific Purposes reading course

In particular, English has become a universal language all over the world and has had a huge impact on several academic and professional fields. Therefore, not only has the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language (EFL), gained importance, but in particular, English for specific purposes (ESP). This article presents a case study that explores and identify engineering students’ needs and demands by means of a Needs Analysis that involves interviews and surveys in order to design an ESP Reading Course. This inquiry included identifying needs to design an ESP course which may provide students with the essential tools in order to understand, and manage accurately, specialized information, which is relevant for their professional development.
Two-dimensional excitation operation mode and phase detection scheme for vibratory gyroscopes

We propose a novel operation mode of two-dimensional excitation and phase detection for vibratory gyroscopes. It has been proven that the angular rate output is both amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated when the structure is driven into vibration in both the x- and y-directions. The output can be converted into a narrow-band phase-modulated signal by an amplitude limiter. Therefore, the angular rate signal of a vibratory gyroscope can be measured by detecting the phase change of the output signal. This operation scheme features high accuracy, high immunity against interference and a low-temperature coefficient. A bulk micromachined gyroscope with piezoresistive sensing elements is tested in the two-dimensional excitation mode with the phase detection scheme and the experimental results are presented.
Speech prosody of French regional varieties

This paper compares the prosody of 6 varieties of French spoken in three different areas: France (Paris and Lyon), Belgium (Tournai and Liege), and Switzerland (Geneva and Neuchâtel). The objective is to adress whether some regional varieties, namely those of Geneva and Tournai, are closer to standard French (i.e. the varieties spoken in France, represented here by Paris and Lyon) than others (Neuchâtel and Liege). The recordings of the same text read by 4 speakers representing each variety were semi-automatically processed in order to study accentuation, speech rate and rhythm, and 8 prosodic measures that can possibly discriminate the 6 varieties were compared. A top-down clustering supported evidence for the expected classification with regard to the “standard” varieties, while a bottom-up clustering pointed out a more contrasted configuration.
Decorrelation of two closely spaced antennas with a metamaterial AMC surface

A metamaterial spacer to decorrelate two closely spaced antennas has been designed and tested. The metamaterial spacer exhibits an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) behavior around 2.6 GHz. Its performance has been checked against a simple metal spacer (PEC), providing a quasi orthogonal radiation pattern and good results in terms of decoupling and decorrelating a two‐antenna system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1414–1417, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23365
A Fast Reactivation Scheme in Power Gating Design

Power gating has become a popular technique to reduce the ever-increasing leakage power for commercial microprocessors or SoCs, however the wakeup energy and delay cost harm its performance. This paper proposes a fast reactivation scheme to reduce the transition delay and energy. The experiment results show that, comparing to the traditional power gating implementation, it can achieve 19.66% reactivation energy reduction, 9.28% peak leakage reduction, and 23.36% wakeup delay reduction, at the cost of 2.75% area increasing.
Outcomes of Using New Technologies in the Development of Recreational Sports: From Increasing Participation to Wealth Creation

Background. Today, technology is becoming one of the most critical factors that have led to the internationalization of competition in the sports industry. Nowadays, the sports industry is increasingly in need of technology to facilitate proper performance. Objectives. The present study aimed to identify the outcomes of using new technologies in the development of recreational sports. Methods. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by interviewing 13 professionals with academic education in physical education and sports science in various fields, including technology, sports engineering, and national coaches. The participants were selected using purposeful sampling and snowball sampling techniques. The focus of the interviews was based on a summary of experts' work experience in the relevant field, necessities, challenges, opportunities, solutions, and finally, the outcomes of using new technologies in the development of recreational sports. Results. Data analysis was also carried out using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006). The present study's findings showed that the outcomes of using new technologies in the development of recreational sports are divided into six groups 1. Increasing participation opportunities, 2. Increasing participation diversity, 3. Inclusion of a wide range of beneficiaries, 4. Formation of positive and modern ideas 5) Alignment with new and global trends, and 6. Wealth creation and economic prosperity. Conclusion. According to the results of the current study, the three themes of increasing participation opportunities, increasing participation diversity, and inclusion of a wide range of beneficiaries are among the significant outcomes that lead to the formation of the positive and new mental image about using technology in recreational sports. And further, it has led to alignment with modern and global trends. Both of these outcomes lead to wealth creation and economic prosperity in recreational sports.