Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Corridors, Volatility and Particle Phase State in Secondary Organic Aerosols

Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) derived from the multigenerational oxidation of gaseous precursors are major components in atmospheric aerosols. Chemical evolution of SOA from a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOC) adheres to characteristic “molecular corridors” with an inverse correlation between volatility and molar mass. Parameterizations were developed to predict the saturation mass concentration of organic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur from the elemental composition that can be measured by soft-ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The chemical nature of organic compounds observed in field measurements and laboratory experiments was characterized by mapping them into molecular corridors. SOA can occur in amorphous solid or semi-solid phase states depending on chemical composition, relative humidity (RH), and temperature. The phase transition between amorphous solid and semi-solid states occurs at the glass transition temperature (Tg). A method was developed to estimate Tg of pure compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms based on their elemental composition. Viscosity can be predicted using the Tg-scaled Arrhenius plot of fragility by accounting for hygroscopic growth of SOA and applying the Gordon-Taylor mixing rule. Applying this method in an air quality model, recent global simulations have shown that SOA particles should be mostly liquid or semi-solid in the planetary boundary layer and glassy solid in the middle and upper troposphere.
The influence of occlusion on masticatory efficiency considering relevant influencing factors

Introduction The role of the occlusal quality as a relevant factor for mastication is controversially discussed. This paper aims to determine the role of the occlusion given the influencing factors. The correlation between the subjective evaluation of treatment needs and objective chewing test results are assessed. Methodology 842 participants (female n=460, 54.5%; male n=382, 45.4%) performed a standardized chewing test. The participants’ occlusal quality, angle classification, age, gender, treatment needs and intraoral status were recorded. The participants were instructed to break down the standardized chewing tests units. The particles were collected in a sieve and placed on a calibrated acquisition board. Standardized images were analysed, measuring the areas of each particles in mm2 . Null Hypotheses were tested with the Kruskal-Wallis tests and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction, to be rejected at p≤0.01. Results The occlusion quality has a significant impact on the chewing efficiency (p≤0.001), but angle classification only to some extent. Age (p≤0.001) and gender (p≤0.001) are important intrinsic factors. Fixed prosthodontics do not reach the chewing performance of natural occlusion (p≤0,01). The subjective clinical assessment of treatment needs correlates in categories with strong differentiations (p≤0,001), but not if only minor differences are asserted (p≤0,515). Conclusion The occlusion quality has a significant impact on the chewing efficiency. Masticatory performance is highly dependent on the natural or artificial chewing surface morphology. Age, gender and the intraoral status are important intrinsic factors. The maintenance of a sufficient functional oral status is a crucial task in the care of the aging population.
Diffusion Coefficients of a Highly Nonideal Ternary Liquid Mixture: Cyclohexane–Toluene–Methanol

To better understand diffusion phenomena in highly nonideal ternary liquid mixtures, cyclohexane–toluene–methanol is studied by equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulation. Intradiffusion and Maxwell–Stefan (MS) diffusion coefficients, being strictly kinetic properties, are predicted by EMD over the entire composition range at ambient conditions. The thermodynamic contribution to the Fick diffusion coefficients is studied with an excess Gibbs energy model. Predictive results from the combination of these two approaches are in convincing agreement with experimental Fick diffusion coefficient data. Different aspects determining the composition dependence of diffusion coefficients, such as their behavior at the binary limits, hydrogen bonding, and stability criteria, are discussed. While the intradiffusion coefficients exhibit only a weak composition dependence, the MS diffusion coefficients are strongly affected by the nonideality of the present mixture. Fick diffusion coefficients reveal pronounced dif.
Superior long term stability of SiC nanowires over Si nanowires under physiological conditions

Semiconducting nanowires (NWs) are raising a growing interest in nanoelectronic devices. While silicon is the most widely used material in this field, it lacks long-term stability in aqueous solution. The usage of Si must hence be reconsidered for specific applications such as devices operating in biological media with high ionic strength. Silicon carbide is a wide bandgap semiconductor that can efficiently replace Si for applications in harsh environments or high temperature thanks to its high chemical stability and thermal conductivity. Here, we compare the long term stability of Si and SiC NWs under mimicked physiological conditions. The degradation kinetics of both types of NWs was studied from accurate monitoring of their cross-sectional geometry by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) over a period of 4 weeks. Results show a linear dissolution of Si NWs whereas SiC NWs exhibit much slower degradation kinetics confirming the superior chemical stability of SiC nanostructures over Si. After 32 days, NWs with an initial diameter of 20 nm are expected to dissolve completely in the case of Si NWs while SiC NWs would shrink by only 16%.
Parent Perceptions Of Play-Based Early Education In Abuja, Nigeria

As education in Nigeria transitions to play-based learning there is a need to understand parent perspectives as it applies to their children’s education and daily experiences. This qualitative study explored 32 parents’ perspectives of their children’s education pre and post play-based intervention at two early learning centres in Abuja, Nigeria. An ecocultural theoretical framework was used to guide the study. Focus groups were transcribed and analyzed. The four themes that emerged from focus groups conducted with parents at both sites were: parents’ reasons for using the school/care system, advocacy for systematic change, understanding play based education and the connection between home and school. Parents embodied an understanding of early childhood development and curriculum and shared a desire to see play-based learning take place in their child’s classroom. Parents also shared a desire to continue to see evidence of their child’s learning.
The Influence of Leadership Career Development on the Organizational Adaptiveness of Millennial Engineers in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry

Introduction: This study seeks to assess the attitude of millennial engineers towards leadership career development opportunities in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria. It was conducted based on the gap in the literature of none existence of a framework that explains the organizational adaptiveness of millennial engineers in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Method: This study adopted a quantitative descriptive and deductive approach. Based on the reviewed literature and the resulting conceptual model, 18 questions 5-scale Likert closed ended questionnaire was administered cross-sectionally to 250 participants selected through non-probability convenience sampling. First, a descriptive analysis of the mean and standard deviation for each question in the questionnaire was conducted. Second, both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted with the main aim of understanding how the questions in the research instrument interacted to produce grouped factors and components. Third, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to identify high loading questions that define the millennial engineers’ organizational adaptiveness. Results: The instrument retrieval was 89% successful with 86% fit for analysis. The results are summarized as follows: (1) leadership career development is a significant contributing factor in the work related attributes of a millennial engineer; (2)leadership career development aspiration is a significant factor influencing the organizational adaptiveness of a millennial engineer, provided the organization can offer him or her the opportunity to be creative; and (3)a millennial engineer’s organizational adaptiveness is not totally driven by aspiration for a higher leadership position, but partly on how the workplace dynamics matches his or her personality. Conclusion: The conclusion was that the millennial engineer is one with a unique personality of strong leadership career ambition in an organization that offers avenues for creativity and a work environment that is free from harassment and gender biases.
Road Traffic Accident Data Analysis and Its Visualization

Vehicle accidents take human life all over the world particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. It is estimated that 1.2 million people lose their lives in road accidents every year. Apart from this, 20 to 50 million are injured on a yearly basis. This annual increase in the traffic accidents trend is alarming. To bring improvement in the current road network system, the specialists need to analyze the historical data of road crashes of an area. This research aims to use the visualization technique to have a better understanding of the accident data. This study uses the data of Peshawar, Pakistan, where the raw data were first organized, filtered, pre-processed and finally, visualization was performed to construct a systemic and homogenous data model. Various infographics were produced with the help of different software interface and visualization options. It was revealed that most of the accidents occur in the daytime and with those people who do not have enough traffic education. The 30 to 45 years age group was more active in causing the accidents. Therefore, the behaviour of this age group of drivers needs further investigation. This study will be useful for concerned authorities in devising an efficient mechanism to alleviate road accident cases.
Effect of Tillage Depth and Pattern on Growth and Yield of Grain Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L . Moench ) under Rain-fed

A field experiment was carried out under rainy season (2010/11),at two locations (Khorelabeid and Kaba) in Sheikan locality, North Kordofan State, Sudan to investigate the effects of the tillage on growth and yield of grain sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.Moench). The tillage practices treatments consist of no tillage,tillage at depth 15 and 25 cm and two tillage patterns namely:headland and continuous patterns,using chisel plough.Treatments were randomly arranged in a randomized complete block design (RBCD) with three replications. The results showed that tillage treatments had significant effect on most of the parameters measured in this study.In this respect, it was observed that increased tillage depth increased plant height, length of internode.Length of flag leaf, panicle length, number of seeds per panicle,panicle seed weight, grain yield (Kg/ha) and harvest index.The tillage depth of 25cm with head land pattern had the highest number of grains per panicle, panicle grain weight and grain yield (t/ha), while the no tillage treatment had a lesser grain yield and yield ’ s components.
Implementasi Kebijakan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Akademik Di Universitas Negeri Manado

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk pengumpulan data dan analisis data. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah para pengguna SIM Akademik di Program Pasca Sarjana, juga pihak terkait lainnya yang berhubungan langsung dengan SIM Akademik UNIMA. Berdasarkan hasil data penelitian seperti yang telah dipaparkan, dianalisis, dan pembahasan hasil penelitian yang sudah diuraikan pada bab sebelumnya, maka terdapat beberapa simpulan penelitian ini yakni sebagai berikut: 1). Belum terpenuhinya kriteria kuantitas yang dibutuhkan oleh Universitas Negeri Manado khususnya di Program Pascasarjana Unima. 2). Pimpinan yang harus konsisten dengan kebijakan yang disampaikan, sehingga tidak terjadi perubahan informasi dalam system informasi akademik yang disampaikan. 3). Belum adanya Surat Keputusan Rektor tentang Sistem Informasi Manajemen Akademik Berbasis Online Universitas Negeri Manado. 4). Kesiapan Pengguna atau operator yang menginput data dalam system informasi akademik online di Universitas Negeri Manado. 5). Mengevaluasi dan memilih Sistem Informasi Manajemen yang tepat dan memiliki tingkat keamanan yang tinggi. Kata Kunci : Sistem Informasi Manajemen Akademik, Pasca Sarjana Universitas Negeri Manado,
Acquiring knowledge through management consultancy: a national culture perspective

This paper examines how national culture informs the sourcing of management knowledge through external consultancy. First, it hypothesises and compares the relationship between quantitative measures of Hofstede's cultural indices with adjusted expenditure on consulting in nine countries. Two cultural indices are found to correlate with consulting use – power distance (negatively) and individualism (positively). However, the disparity between our findings and prior research suggests limitations of generalisation in studies solely employing quantitative cultural indices to understand the purchasing of business knowledge. We therefore propose the use of supplementary, qualitative data with sensitivity to local contexts and briefly apply this by using secondary sources to provide historical narratives for two countries – the UK and Japan. Overall, we find and tentatively explain significant statistical relationships between Hofstede's cultural indices and adjusted expenditure on consultancy. We then draw attention to wider implications for consulting research and for practitioners involved in this context.
Illuminating the transitional habitus of the early career health science professional as postgraduate supervisor

Background Early career health science professionals often find themselves in a transitional space when moving from a health science professional role to academia. The role of a postgraduate supervisor is especially troublesome. Transitional spaces often bring uncertainty and perceived or real threats, fear, worry, anxiety and stress. Without support, the result could be detrimental to the mental health of the early career as postgraduate supervisors, thereby impacting their professional identity formation. Aim To understand the underlying elements that shaped the early career health science professional as postgraduate supervisors’ habitus and how these features play out in their postgraduate supervision practice. Setting The research study was carried out at an Open and Distance e-Learning University (ODeL) and a residential university. Methods Visual elicitation methods in the form of seven drawings were used as data. Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and hexis were used as a theoretical lens, and structural analysis with analytical memoing was used to interrogate the drawings. Results Early career health science professional as postgraduate supervisors’ bodily habitus presented as fragmented or yet to be formed along with other entanglements, such as emotions, language, power and material arrangements. Conclusion These features enable policymakers, employee assistance practitioners, educational developers and experienced academics to consider the changes and structural forces that need to be addressed to support early career health science professional as postgraduate supervisors. Contribution A creative means of exploring the inner world of the early career health science professional as postgraduate supervisors is undertaken. In doing so, the research article potentially illuminates what has up to now been ‘unsaid’.
Abundance

Abundance >15,000 spawner capacity (NOAA 2004); 13,733 (EDT template estimate) Cedar River – recent average of 481 fish (AUC 1 estimates, 1988-2006) Meet co-manager escapement goal of 1,200 naturally spawning adults on Cedar (AUC live count index which corresponds to estimated 1,680 total adults). Tribal and sport harvest depends upon abundance above this goal. Meet WDFW target of 2,000-8,200 spawners (lower range is MSY 4 , upper range is equilibrium abundance.) Tribal treaty and sport harvest opportunity occurs on a consistent basis. Available habitat is fully utilized.
A Dual Reference Frame Multistep Direct Model Predictive Current Control With a Disturbance Observer for SPMSM Drives

The parameter mismatch problem has a great impact on the control performance of model predictive control, which is however unavoidable during the operation. In order to improve the system robustness against the parameter mismatches and disturbances, an improved direct model predictive current control with a disturbance observer is proposed in this article, where the disturbance observer is realized by an incremental moving horizon estimator. Moreover, another concern raised from the applications of direct model predictive current control is the computational burden, especially for the long-horizon implementations. Therefore, a dual reference frame solution for the surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) is proposed in this article to allocate a great proportion of heavy computations required for the optimization problem to the offline preparation, which can reduce the computational burden by almost 50% on average for a prediction horizon of five time-steps. Besides, the parameter mismatch effects of individual electrical parameters on the control performance of the model predictive direct current control method are investigated and quantified via simulations. A five-step direct model predictive current control is implemented on a dSPACE system with a sampling frequency of 20 kHz to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme with an SPMSM drive system.
Effect of ohmic cooking followed by an infrared cooking method on lipid oxidation and formation of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of beef muscle

In this study, the effects of ohmic cooking alone and a consecutive application of ohmic and infrared cooking on lipid oxidation and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in beef was investigated. In consecutive cooking, samples were first cooked ohmically at 40, 55 and 70 Volt for 7 minutes, then infrared cooking was applied to each side of ohmically cooked beef samples at 3 different temperatures (325, 375 and 425 °F) for 3 minutes. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels of the samples were found between 0.31 and 1.74 mg MDA/kg. Increasing the voltage level in ohmic cooking caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the TBARS value. In the consecutive application of ohmic and infrared cooking, infrared cooking temperature caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the TBARS value at the same voltage levels. In this study, working with 40 and 55 Volts for ohmic cooking alone and 40 V-325 °F, 40V-375 °F settings for ohmic-infrared cooking gave a generally acceptable threshold level for TBARS value (1 mg/kg). About 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in the cooked beef by ultra-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detector (UPLC-FD). Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), which is the most common PAH, was detected at between 1.2514 and 1.4392 μg/kg and 4 PAH (sum of Benzo(a)pyrene, Chrysene, Benz(a)anthracene, Benz(b)fluoranthene) levels were detected at between 1.2514- 3.7844 μg/kg. The results of PAHs were reasonably below the European Commission regulation limits, which are very important and indicate that the cooking processes applied in this study are safe.
Stress analysis of external molten salt receiver

Commercial solar thermal power plant projects using central receivers with molten salt as a heat transfer fluid are dominating the market. Due to the complex load situation, especially the inhomogeneous heat flux distribution, the receiver components are subjected to complex thermo-mechanical loads. Transients from operation like clouds, start up and and shut down lead to fatigue of the components. Furthermore, the filling process could be critical due thermal gradients between salt and the metallic components. In this paper, a work flow is presented and results applied at the receiver of the Solar Two experiment to demonstrate the methodology. Thermal models (FE and CFD) are used to deduce the thermal field for different operational situations and a stress analysis is carried out. It was found that highest stresses occur at the absorber tubes for maximum flux density operation (inlet panel). The stresses caused by the filling process are much lower.
Flexible, Degradable, and Cost-Effective Strain Sensor Fabricated by a Scalable Papermaking Procedure

Flexible strain sensors (FSSs) are essential components in intelligent systems, especially in soft robots, human sport monitoring, ect. , but their scalable preparation remains a challenge. In this work, we first proposed and demonstrated a strategy to prepare FSS with a scalable and cost-effective papermaking procedure. Cellulose fibers from waste papers and conductive graphite were mixed and subject to a paper former (papermaking machine in laboratory), producing a strain sensitive paper with diameter of 20 cm in 10 min. With the scrips from the strain sensitive paper, the strain sensor was assembled showing good sensing performance for both bending (gauge factor (GF) = 27, response time of 360 ms) and twisting (GF = 26.5, response time of 440 ms) strains. It can be used in movement detections of soft matters (such as a plastic ruler), elbow joints of a puppet, and human fingers. The cost of the sensor was calculated as low as $0.00013, and the strain sensitive paper can be degraded in around 1 min in wa.
Chemistry of Nanomaterial in Supramolecular System

Design, synthesis and manipulation of nano- materials derived from supramolecular system have found remarkable interest in recent times because of its wide applications in Pharmaceuticals sciences, sensor and biology. The advanced size and shape-dependent properties of nano-materials have significantly impacted all spheres of human life and environment making nanotechnology a promising field for biomedical and chemical applications.
Combining chain link sampling with a community-based participatory action study of people who smoke drugs in two cities in British Columbia, Canada

Background: The smoking of illicit drugs presents a serious social and economic burden in Canada. People who smoke drugs (PWSD) are at an increased risk of contracting multiple infections through risky drug practices. Peer-led harm reduction activities, and the resulting social networks that form around them, can potentially minimize the dangers associated with the smoking illicit drugs.Goal: The goal of this study is to examine the influence of peer-led harm reduction initiatives on drug behaviour by comparing the attributes and social networks of PWSD in two British Columbia cities with different harm reduction programs.Methods: Using community-based participatory action research (CBPAR) and respondent- driven sampling (RDS), individuals with lived drug experiences were employed from communities in Abbotsford and Vancouver as ‘peer researchers’ to interview ten contacts from their social networks. Contacts completed a questionnaire about their harm reduction networks.Results: We found that PWSD residing in Abbotsford were more likely to report engaging in harm-promoting behaviours, such as sharing, reusing, or borrowing crack pipes. However, PWSD in the Downtown Eastside Community (DTES) of Vancouver were more likely to report engaging in harm-reducing activities, such as being trained in naloxone use and CPR. These differences are likely linked to the greater availability of harm reduction programs in DTES compared to Abbotsford.