Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for listing of Smarandache factor partitions

In [1] we define SMARANDACHE FACTOR PARTITION FUNCTION (SFP) , as follows: Let U1, U2 , U3 , . Ur be a set of r natural numbers and P1, P2, P3 , . Pr be arbitrarily chosen distinct primes then F(U1 , U2 , U3 , . Ur ) called the Smarandache Factor Partition of (U1 , U2 , U3 , . u r ) is defined as the number of ways in which the number «1 0.2 «3 «r N = Pr could be expressed as the product of its' divisors. For simplicity, we denote F(U1 , U2 , U3 , . . Ur ) = F' (N) ,where a. r N = Pr Pn and Pr is the rth prime. P1 =2, P2 = 3 etc. In this note an algorithm to list out all the SFPs of a number without missing any is developed. DISCUSSION: DEFINITION: F'x(Y) is defined as the number of those SFPs of Y which involve terms not greater than x. If F1 be a factor partition of y : F 1 ----~ X1 X X2 X X3 X . Xr • then F 1 is included in F x' (y) iff 286 Xi . $ X fo r 1 . $ I:s;; r clearly F'x(y) s F'(y) , The equality holds good iff X ;::: y. Example: F'8(24) = 5. Out of 7 only the last 5 are included in F's(24). (1) 24 (2) 12 X 2 (3) 8 X 3 (4) 6 X 4 (5) 6 X 2 X 2 (6) 4 X 3 X 2 (7) 3 X 2 X 2 X 2. ALGORITHM: Let d 1 , d2 , d3 , . dr be the divisors of N in descending order. For listing the factor partitions following are the steps: (A) (1) Start with d 1 = N. (2) Write all the factor partitions involving d2 and so on. (8) While listing care should be taken that the terms from left to right should be written in descending order. ** At dk ;::: N1/2 ;::: dk+ 1 ,and onwards ,step (8) will ensure that there is no repeatition. Example: N = 36 , Divisors are 36, 18, 12, 9 , 6, 4, 3 I 2 I 1. 36 --~ 36 18 --~ 18 X 2 12 --~ 12 X 3 9 --~ 9 X 4 9X2X2 6 --~ 6 X 6 6 --~ 6 X 3X 2 ---------------------------------d k = N 1/2 4 --~ 4 X 3 X 3
Local H~{\sc i} emissivity measured with the {\it Fermi}-LAT and implications for cosmic-ray spectra

Cosmic-ray (CR) electrons and nuclei interact with the Galactic interstellar gas and produce high-energy $\gamma$ rays. The $\gamma$-ray emission rate per hydrogen atom, called emissivity, provides a unique indirect probe of the CR flux. We present the measurement and the interpretation of the emissivity in the solar neighborhood for $\gamma$-ray energy from 50~MeV to 50~GeV. We analyzed a subset of 4 years of observations from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the {\it Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope} ({\it Fermi}) restricted to absolute latitudes $10^o<|b| <70^o$. From a fit to the LAT data including atomic, molecular and ionized hydrogen column density templates as well as a dust optical depth map we derived the emissivities, the molecular hydrogen to CO conversion factor $X_{CO}=(0.902\pm0.007) \times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$ (K km s$^{-1}$)$^{-1}$ and the dust-to-gas ratio $X_{DUST}=(41.4\pm0.3) \times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$ mag$^{-1}$. Moreover we detected for the first time $\gamma$-ray emission from ionized hydrogen. We compared the extracted emissivities to those calculated from $\gamma$-ray production cross-sections and to CR spectra measured in the heliosphere. We observed that the experimental emissivities are reproduced only if the solar modulation is accounted for. This provides a direct detection of solar modulation observed previously through the anticorrelation between CR fluxes and solar activity. Finally we fitted a parametrized spectral form to the heliospheric CR observations as well as to the {\it Fermi}-LAT emissivity and obtained compatible local interstellar spectra for proton and Helium kinetic energy per nucleon between between 1 and 100~GeV and for electron-positrons between 0.1 and 100~GeV.
Ultrasound-Induced Drug Release from Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels

Stimuli-responsive hydrogel drug delivery systems are designed to release a payload when prompted by an external stimulus. These platforms have become prominent in the field of drug delivery due to their ability to provide spatial and temporal control for drug release. Among the different external triggers that have been used, ultrasound possesses several advantages: it is non-invasive, has deep tissue penetration, and can safely transmit acoustic energy to a localized area. This review summarizes the current state of understanding about ultrasound-responsive hydrogels used for drug delivery. The mechanisms of inducing payload release and activation using ultrasound are examined, along with the latest innovative formulations and hydrogel design strategies. We also report on the most recent applications leveraging ultrasound activation for both cancer treatment and tissue engineering. Finally, the future perspectives offered by ultrasound-sensitive hydrogels are discussed.
Ar-Matrix Studies of the Photochemical Reaction between CS2 and ClF: Prereactive Complexes and Bond Isomerism of the Photoproducts

In this work, prereactive complexes, reaction products, and conformational preferences derived from the photochemical reaction between CS2 and ClF were analyzed following the codeposition of the reactants trapped in argon matrices at cryogenic temperatures. After codeposition of CS2 and ClF diluted in Ar, the formation of van der Waals complexes is observed. When the mixture is subsequently irradiated by means of broad-band UV-visible light (225 ≤ λ ≤ 800 nm), fluorothiocarbonylsulfenyl chloride (FC(S)SCl) and chlorothiocarbonylsulfenyl fluoride (ClC(S)SF) are produced. These species exist as two stable planar anti- and syn-conformers (anti- and syn- of the C=S double bond with respect to the S–Cl or S–F single bond, respectively). For both novel molecules, anti-FC(S)SCl and anti-ClC(S)SF are the lowest-energy computed rotamers. As expected due to the photochemical activity of these species, additional reaction products due to alternative or subsequent photochannels are formed during this process.
Protéine kinase C γ et hypersensibilité mécanique trigéminale chez le rat

Les syndromes douloureux chroniques, inflammatoires ou neuropathiques, se caracterisent par une hypersensiblitite douloureuse, sous forme de douleurs spontanees et d’allodynie et d’hyperalgesie. L’isoforme γ de la protein kinase C (PKCγ), concentree dans un type specifique d’interneurones de la couche II interne (IIi) de la corne dorsale de la moelle ou du sous-noyau caudal du trijumeau (Sp5C) est implique dans mecanismes centraux de l’allodynie mecanique, une condition dans laquelle le toucher provoque une douleur. Nous avons utilise des techniques comportementales et immunohistochimiques dans le systeme trigeminal.Le role de la PKCγ dans le developpement de l’allodynie mecanique est bien etabli apres lesion nerveuse peripherique. Par contre, il l’est beaucoup moins dans l’allodynie d’origine inflammatoire. Nous avons teste l’hypothese que l’allodynie mecanique persistante a la suite d’une inflammation peripherique provoquee par l’adjuvent complet de Freund (‘complete Freund’s adjuvant’ ou CFA) est bien due a une activation de la PKCγ. L’injection sous-cutanee de CFA au niveau de la zone d’insertion des vibrisses induit une allodynie persistante specifiquement statique. L’immunomarquage phopho-ERK1/2 montre que l’expression de cette allodynie s’accompagne d’une activation d’interneurones des couches I-IIe et IIi-IIIe, dont des interneurones PKCγ de la couche IIi. Cette allodynie statique est supprimee par l’application intracisternale de l’antagoniste PKCγ, KIG31-1, avant l’injection de CFA, mais pas 3 jours apres l’injection de CFA. Ainsi, comme pour l’allodynie mecanique neuropathique, l’activation de la PKCγ est necessaire au developpement de l’allodynie mecanique inflammatoire.Nous avons aussi examine si l’activation de la PKCγ est suffisante pour le developpement de l’allodynie mecanique. L’injection intracisternale de phorbol ester, 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), un activateur de la PKCγ, induit simultanement une allodynie mecanique statique et dynamique de la face. L’immunoreactivite phospho-ERK1/2 revele que l’expression de ces deux allodynies mecaniques s’accompagne de la meme activation d’interneurones des couches I-IIe et IIi-IIIe, dont des interneurones PKCγ de la couche IIi . Les effets de l’application de PDBu sont bloques par l’application simultanee de KIG31-1.L’activation de la PKCγ seule est suffisante pour que se developpe une allodynie mecanique, a la fois statique et dynamique. On sait que les interneurones PKCγ de la couche IIi sont directement actives par des afferences myelinisees mecaniques non nociceptives. Le niveau d’activation de la PKCγ controlerait la transmission de cette information vers les neurones de projection de la couche I, et donc la transformation du toucher en douleur.
Experience of Elderly Korean Women with Diabetes and Multimorbidity in Elderly Couple Households: A Qualitative Study

Elderly women with multimorbidity in elderly couple households face the double burden of managing their diseases while fulfilling their gender roles. This study aimed to investigate the daily life experiences of elderly women with diabetes and multimorbidity living as part of couple households in Korea. Ten women aged 65 or more with diabetes and multimorbidity and living as part of elderly couple households participated in this phenomenological qualitative study. The data were analyzed with van Manen’s method of study of analytical phenomena. Four essential themes were identified. Participants regarded diabetes and multimorbidity as a part of the aging process and continued to function as caregivers for their husbands and themselves, avoiding becoming a burden to their adult children. The findings of this study could help healthcare providers better understand elderly women with diabetes and multimorbidity and assist in improving the health of such women.
Influence of tissue conductivity inhomogeneity and anisotropy on EEG/MEG based source localization in the human brain

The inverse problem in Electroand Magneto-EncephaloGraphy (EEG/MEG) aims at reconstructing the underlying current distribution in the human brain using potential differences and/or magnetic fluxes that are measured non-invasively directly, or at a close distance, from the head surface. The solution requires repeated computation of the forward problem, i.e., the simulation of EEG and MEG fields for a given dipolar source in the brain using a volume-conduction model of the head. The associated differential equations are derived from the Maxwell equations. Not only do various head tissues exhibit different conductivities, some of them are also anisotropic conductors as, e.g., skull and brain white matter. To our knowledge, previous work has not extensively investigated the impact of modeling tissue anisotropy on source reconstruction. Currently, there are no readily available methods that allow direct conductivity measurements. Furthermore, there is still a lack of sufficiently powerful software packages that would yield significant reduction of the computation time involved in such complex models hence satisfying the time-restrictions for the solution of the inverse problem. In this dissertation, techniques of multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are presented in order to generate high-resolution realistically shaped anisotropic volume conductor models. One focus is the presentation of an improved segmentation of the skull by means of a bimodal T1/PD-MRI approach. The eigenvectors of the conductivity tensors in anisotropic white matter are determined using whole head Diffusion-Tensor-MRI. The Finite Element (FE) method in combination with a parallel algebraic multigrid solver yields a highly efficient solution of the forward problem. After giving an overview of state-of-the-art inverse methods, new regularization concepts are presented. Next, the sensitivity of inverse methods to tissue anisotropy is tested. The results show that skull anisotropy affects significantly EEG source reconstruction whereas white matter anisotropy affects both EEG and MEG source reconstructions. Therefore, highresolution FE forward modeling is crucial for an accurate solution of the inverse problem in EEG and MEG.
Fast Iterative-Interpolated DFT Phasor Estimator Considering Out-of-Band Interference

For interpolated discrete Fourier transform (IpDFT)-based phasor estimators, the out-of-band interference (OOBI) test is among the most challenging ones. The typical iterative-interpolated DFT (i-IpDFT) phasor estimator utilizes a two-step iterative framework to eliminate the effects of the negative frequency and OOBI. However, the speed of estimation is limited by the adopted frequency estimator and the redundant iterations. To this end, this article proposes a fast i-IpDFT (FiIpDFT) method for the phasor estimation of an OOBI contaminated signal, which utilizes the three-point IpDFT (I3pDFT) technique. The proposed method first applies a noniterative frequency, amplitude, and phase estimator to eliminate the negative frequency interference. Then, a straightforward formula and two-stop criterion are introduced to reduce the computational burden of the OOBI elimination process. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed FiIpDFT method are validated by simulations. These are designed, under steady and dynamic conditions, according to the requirements of the Standard IEC/IEEE 60255-118-1.
Abstract bootstrap confidence intervals in linear models

A bootstrap method for generating confidence intervals in linear models is suggested. The method is motivated by an abstract non-observable bootstrap sample of true residuals, leading to an observable final result. This means that the only error in the method is the pure bootstrap error obtained by replacing the true residual distribution by the empirical one. It is shown that the method is valid, in the sense of having the correct asymptotic conditional distribution, which is the same as for the ordinary bootstrap method. Simulations indicate that this abstract bootstrap method works well with respect to confidence coefficient.
An Efficient Composite Modifier Prepared for Enhancing the Crystallization and Flame-Retardancy of Poly(m-xylylene adipamide)

Poly(m-xylylene adipamide) (MXD6) has good gas barrier properties and high mechanical strength. However, in nature, this resin has a low rate of crystallization. In order to overcome this obstacle in its applications, this study prepares a new, efficient modifier for MXD6 by combining the synthesized DOPO derivative (DT) and P22. It is found that the use of the binary modifier exhibits obvious effects on the crystallization of MXD6. When 11.0 wt. % DT is added together with 0.1 wt. % P22 (DT/P22), the crystallization temperature of MXD6 shifts to a higher temperature of 19.7 °C, and the crystallinity degree of MXD6 is significantly increased by 60%. Meanwhile, this modifier exhibits obviously intumescent flame-retardancy on MXD6 by increasing the limited oxygen index (LOI) from 26.4% to 33.4%. The results of the cone calorimeter test (CCT) reveal that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and average effective heat release (av-EHC) are obviously suppressed due to the use of this modifier. Moreover, the influences of this modifier on the crystal structures, mechanical and rheological properties of MXD6 are analyzed in detail. This study can provide an efficient modifier for MXD6.
Linear dispersion properties of ring velocity distribution functions

Linear properties of ring velocity distribution functions are investigated. The dispersion tensor in a form similar to the case of a Maxwellian distribution function, but for a general distribution function separable in velocities, is presented. Analytical forms of the dispersion tensor are derived for two cases of ring velocity distribution functions: one obtained from physical arguments and one for the usual, ad hoc ring distribution. The analytical expressions involve generalized hypergeometric, Kampe de Feriet functions of two arguments. For a set of plasma parameters, the two ring distribution functions are compared. At the parallel propagation with respect to the ambient magnetic field, the two ring distributions give the same results identical to the corresponding bi-Maxwellian distribution. At oblique propagation, the two ring distributions give similar results only for strong instabilities, whereas for weak growth rates their predictions are significantly different; the two ring distributions hav.
Finite element analysis of deep drawing

Deep drawing is a process for shaping flat sheets into cup-shaped articles without fracture or excessive localized thinning. The design and control of a deep drawing process depends not only on the workpiece material, but also on the condition at the toolworkpiece interface, the mechanics of plastic deformation and the equipment used. This paper describes the use of ABAQUS finite element code in a single stage sheet metal forming simulation on rectangle cup deep drawing. 1. INTRODUCTION In forming processes the final part is exactly defined by dimensions, tolerances and mechanical properties. In order to achieve the production with low costs it is necessary to control the production in every single detail. We need a detailed understanding of the parameters affecting the production process and the final product. The questions connected to the technology preparation phase of deep drawing process are: • prediction of fracture, • prediction of wrinkling prediction of final sheet thickness, • determination of optimal initial blank geometry, • prediction of final dimensions of the part (after springback), • evaluation of loads on the tool. • prediction of surface deflection. The most used numerical method for numerical simulation of the forming process is finite elements
Fluid Viscosity Measurement by Means of Secondary Flow in a Curved Channel

This article presents a new approach to determining the viscosity of Newtonian fluid. The approach is based on the analysis of the secondary Dean flow in a curved channel. The study of the flow patterns of water and aqueous solutions of glycerin in a microfluidic chip with a U-microchannel was carried out. The advantages of a microfluidic viscometer based on a secondary Dean flow are its simplicity, quickness, and high accuracy in determining the viscosity coefficient of a liquid. A viscosity image in a short movie represents fluid properties. It is revealed that the viscosity coefficient can be determined by the dependence of the recirculation angle of the secondary Dean flow. The article provides a correlation between the Dean number and the flow recirculation angle. The results of the field experiment, presented in the article, correlate with the data obtained using computational fluid dynamics and allow for selecting parameters to create microfluidic viscometers with a U-shaped microchannel.
Is a “Urology Intern Boot Camp” Needed?

Abstract Introduction: The preparation of medical students for internship during medical school is variable, which can negatively affect the performance and confidence of new urology residents year 1. The primary objective is to assess the need for a workshop/curriculum to prepare medical students transitioning to urology residency. Our secondary objective is to identify the appropriate workshop/curriculum design and to identify the needed topics. Methods: A survey was developed to evaluate the utility of a Urology Intern Boot Camp for incoming first year urology residents utilizing 2 existing intern boot camp models from other surgical disciplines. Urology Intern Boot Camp content and format and programmatic structure were also considered. The survey was sent to all first- and second-year urology residents and urology residency program directors and chairs. Results: A total of 730 surveys were sent, including 362 first- and second-year urology residents and 368 program directors/chairs. Responses were received from 63 residents and 80 program directors/chairs for an overall response rate of 20%. Only 9% of urology programs provide a Urology Intern Boot Camp. Interest in participating in Urology Intern Boot Camp was high with 92% of residents interested. Programmatic support for a Urology Intern Boot Camp was also high with 72% of program directors/chairs willing to allow time off and 51% willing to financially support intern participation. Conclusions: There is significant interest from urology residents and program directors/chairs in providing incoming urology interns a boot camp. The format of the Urology Intern Boot Camp preferred was a combination of didactics and hands-on skills, and a hybrid delivery model of virtual and in-person carried out in multiple sites around the country.
Does Procedural Justice Reduce the Harmful Effects of Perceived Ineffectiveness on Police Legitimacy?

Objectives: Judgments about police procedural fairness consistently have a stronger influence on how the public ascribes legitimacy to the police than evaluations of police effectiveness. What remains largely underexplored, however, is the potential moderating effect of procedural justice on the relationship between effectiveness and legitimacy and whether this moderation varies by citizen race. Method: We administered two separate surveys to determine whether procedural justice's moderating effect on the relationship between police ineffectiveness and legitimacy varies by citizen race. The first was a mail survey of a random sample of citizens in a southern US city (N = 1,681) conducted in 2013; the second, a national survey of adults (N = 972) administered via Qualtrics in 2022. Results: We found that procedural justice could help protect against the harmful influence of perceived ineffectiveness on police legitimacy in Study 2. However, contrary to expectations, this moderation effect held only for White Americans. Conclusions: The effect of perceived ineffectiveness on legitimacy evaluations does not vary depending on citizens’ perceptions of procedural justice. Yet, police still do have control over how they treat people with whom they interact, which is one mechanism that can improve citizens’ views on police legitimacy.