Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open circuit fault diagnoses for power electronic converters

Reliability of power electronic systems is of paramount importance in industrial, commercial, aerospace, and military applications. Faults in power converters are classified as short circuit faults, open circuit faults, and degradation faults. Short circuits (S-C) in most cases cause an overcurrent condition that is readily detected and acted upon by standard protection systems. However, open circuit (O-C) faults often do not trigger fault protection, but rather cause system malfunction or performance degradation. Since the standard protection system may not detect the open circuit faults, O-C fault diagnosis becomes critical for power converter. This paper presents new methods for O-C fault detection, localization, and diagnosis for small wind power converters that consist of three subsystems: the three phase rectifier, the dc-dc converter, and the single-phase inverter.
Hydrogen peroxide stimulation of CFTR reveals an Epac‐mediated, soluble AC‐dependent cAMP amplification pathway common to GPCR signalling

H2O2 is widely understood to regulate intracellular signalling. In airway epithelia, H2O2 stimulates anion secretion primarily by activating an autocrine PGE2 signalling pathway via EP4 and EP1 receptors to initiate cytic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR)‐mediated Cl− secretion. This study investigated signalling downstream of the receptors activated by H2O2.
Clinical supervision for allied health professionals: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND It is recommended that allied health professionals (AHPs) participate in regular clinical supervision (CS). However, AHP understanding of CS processes and outcomes is unclear. This systematic review reports the evidence for CS for AHPs and other health professionals. METHODS Five databases and reference lists of included articles were searched. Papers included described CS definitions, processes and outcomes of CS. Due to the paucity of CS research for AHPs, nursing and medical disciplines were included. Two reviewers critically appraised the 33 included papers. RESULTS The majority of papers were exploratory. Definitions and processes for CS were not clearly identified. Outcomes of CS included the relationships between CS and job satisfaction and workplace stress. Proctor's model and the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale were the most common framework and evaluation approach. Contradictory positions of which components of Proctor's model should be included in CS were reported. Methodological flaws and a lack of comparative studies were common. DISCUSSION Although not extensively supported by evidence, CS was generally held to be a positive experience and tends to be provided without a clear definition or model, using new or untested tools. Further research to evaluate CS for AHPs, is needed.
Optimal binary differencing filters: design, logic complexity, precision analysis, and application to digital document processing

For given binary image and degradation processes, an optimal mean-absolute-error translation-invariant filter can be designed via the representation of such filters as a union of morphological hit-or-miss transforms. The present paper investigates a different optimization methodology by representing translation-invariant filters as differencing filters. Rather than employing structuring templates to build the entire output image, as is done with direct hit-or-miss representation, differencing filters only employ templates that locate value flips (black-to-white or white-to-black). Differencing filters play a central role in several digital document processing tasks and the paper considers their optimal design. The paper compares the logic designs of differencing and direct hit-or-miss representations, the combinational logic costs of the two representations, and the estimation precision of optimization approaches based on each. Both combinational logic cost and precision are relative to image models. It is also shown how differencing filters are statistically designed and applied in the digital document setting for image restoration and resolution conversion.
Multi-period marketing-mix optimization with response spike forecasting

Optimizing the marketing budget and its distribution across various channels and target segments, along with the timing of each marketing action for maximum profit, are among the essential problems in marketing. A crucial requirement for effective decision making in direct marketing is an efficient optimization algorithm, coupled with reliable predictions on how the various marketing actions will impact consumers' purchase decisions. For maximizing mid-term revenues, while properly incorporating the temporal dynamics of individual consumers' mental states, we introduce a comprehensive optimization framework for obtaining a state-based marketing-mix policy, with a novel combination of machine learning, optimization, and simulation. Each consumer's purchase decision is modeled with a marked point process whose discrete-state approximation enables efficient optimization of high-dimensional decision variables, and whose discrete event simulation supplies accurate forecasts of the revenues and risks of the optimized policy. The key idea for ensuring the practicality of the proposed approach to marketing planning is a linear programming formulation that allows both handling of temporal dynamics and complex budget constraints across many periods, segments, and channels required in real marketing operations. A real-world case study based on an online retailing dataset implies high revenue gains when the simulation model can be relied on.
Cell behavior during early development in the South American annual fishes of the genus Cynolebias

Living embryos of three species of South American annual fishes, Cynolebias constanciae, C. nigripinnis, and C. whitei, were observed from fertilization through the 10‐somite stage. A description of normal stages of development applicable to all three species of Cynolebias is presented. Cleavage (stages 1–10) is meroblastic and produces a typical teleost blastoderm. Following cleavage (stages 11–13) blastomeres segregate into two populations, viz., (1) a population of deep blastomeres that will disperse as single motile cells, and (2) a hemispherical shell of outer blastomeres that flattens to form an enveloping cell layer (EVL). When epiboly of the EVL and the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) commences (stage 14), deep blastomeres clump together as a consolidation mass and then migrate outward as single cells on the YSL. When epiboly is concluded (stage 19), deep blastomeres have completely dispersed. If diapause does not intervene, the dispersed phase lasts only a few days. Subsequently, the dispersed cells come together to form a definitive aggregate (stage 27). Embryogenesis within the reaggregated mass of previously dispersed cells produces a typical teleost embryo.
Healthy cities: a guide to the literature

This paper reviews the literature on “healthy cities” and, more specifically, the attempts by city governments, international agencies, NGOs and community organizations to improve health in cities within Healthy Cities programmes or projects. Such programmes are generally initiated by city authorities, but with a recognition that to be effective, first they must mobilize integrated action from citizen groups, NGOs and private enterprises and, secondly, they must involve coordinated action between many sectors. As such, this review reflects on the achievements of Healthy Cities programmes around the world and the future challenges they face. It also seeks to give some idea of the number of Healthy Cities initiatives underway, especially in Africa, Asia and Latin America, even though there is still relatively little published literature on them.
Differences in type-token ratio and part-of-speech frequencies in male and female Russian written texts

The differences in the frequencies of some parts of speech (POS), particularly function words, and lexical diversity in male and female speech have been pointed out in a number of papers. The classifiers using exclusively context-independent parameters have proved to be highly effective. However, there are still issues that have to be addressed as a lot of studies are performed for English and the genre and topic of texts is sometimes neglected. The aim of this paper is to investigate the association between context-independent parameters of Russian written texts and the gender of their authors and to design predictive re-gression models. A number of correlations were found. The obtained data is in good agreement with the results obtained for other languages. The model based on 5 parameters with the highest correlation coefficients was designed.
Pharmacophore alignment search tool: Influence of canonical atom labeling on similarity searching

Previously, (Hähnke et al., J Comput Chem 2009, 30, 761) we presented the Pharmacophore Alignment Search Tool (PhAST), a ligand‐based virtual screening technique representing molecules as strings coding pharmacophoric features and comparing them by global pairwise sequence alignment. To guarantee unambiguity during the reduction of two‐dimensional molecular graphs to one‐dimensional strings, PhAST employs a graph canonization step. Here, we present the results of the comparison of 11 different algorithms for graph canonization with respect to their impact on virtual screening. Retrospective screenings of a drug‐like data set were evaluated using the BEDROC metric, which yielded averaged values between 0.4 and 0.14 for the best‐performing and worst‐performing canonization technique. We compared five scoring schemes for the alignments and found preferred combinations of canonization algorithms and scoring functions. Finally, we introduce a performance index that helps prioritize canonization approaches without the need for extensive retrospective evaluation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Dysfunctional attitudes and personality disorder comorbidity during long‐term treatment of MDD

A key component of how depression may impact personality pathology involves an understanding of how cognition and dysfunctional attitudes may change as a result of experiencing a depressive state, and how these changes may affect reporting of personality disorder symptoms. This study examines whether dysfunctional attitudes are related to the stability of personality disorder diagnoses. The sample comprised 64 outpatients who were treatment responders following an 8‐week acute treatment phase for major depressive disorder (MDD), met criteria for remission throughout a 26‐week continuation phase, and completed a personality disorder assessment Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R Axis II Disorders (SCID‐II) at the beginning and end of each treatment phase. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) was given to patients at the beginning of the continuation phase. We found that following successful treatment of the MDD, individuals with stable personality disorder diagnoses (e.g., meeting criteria for a personality disorder at both the beginning and endpoint of continuation treatment) had greater severity of dysfunctional attitudes (P =.001) at the beginning of the continuation treatment compared to those who never met criteria for a personality disorder during continuation treatment. Though there was no significant relationship between DAS scores and the stability of a Cluster A or Cluster B personality disorder diagnosis, there was a significant relationship between DAS scores and the stability of a Cluster C personality disorder diagnosis (P <.001). Outpatients who had a stable Cluster C personality disorder diagnosis had higher scores on the DAS at the beginning of continuation treatment compared to outpatients who never met criteria for a Cluster C diagnosis. This finding suggests that dysfunctional attitudes that persist beyond remission of MDD may be a marker for certain personality disorders that are stable across long‐term treatment. Depression and Anxiety 24:433–439, 2007. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of thyroid‐stimulating hormone on cultured thyrocytes obtained from patients with Graves' disease and inhibitive effect by sodium iodide: A functional study

Thyrocytes obtained from patients with Graves’disease were cultured for 3 days. This was followed by culture with 10 mU/mL thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (TSH group), TSH and sodium iodide (Nal group), or without (control group) for 3 additional days. On the 8th culture day, the amounts of intra‐and extra‐cellular cyclic adenosine mono‐phosphate (CAMP), extracellular cAMP and thyroglobulin (TG), peroxidase (PO) activity, and cell numbers were measured. The amounts of intra‐and extra‐cellular cAMP correlated well. TSH increased the values of cAMP, TG and PO to levels higher than those of the control group. As the amount of Nal added to the medium increased, these values decreased. Addition of 10‐5 mol/L Nal lowered the value of cAMP only. When 10‐4 mol/L Nal was added, these three levels were lower than those of the TSH group and the value of cAMP was almost equal to that of the control group. On cell number, no difference was found between the cells cultured with TSH, TSH and Nal, and without TSH or Nal. When the thyrocytes were cultured with 1 mmol/L dibutyryl cAMP sodium salt or 8‐bromoadenosine 3′, 5′‐cyclic mono‐phosphate instead of TSH, 10‐4 mol/L Nal did not lower the values of thyroglobulin and peroxidase activity. These results suggest that the Nal blocks the intracellular signal transduction provoked by TSH, only at the cAMP production level.
Preventing Salmonella infections by rationally designed feed additives: the use of organic acids

Poultry meat and eggs are important food products and the poultry-related industry is an economically important component of the agro-industry in the EU. The industry however is under pressure and faces many challenges. Most importantly, there is a demand for eggs and meat of high nutritional value and free of microbiological and chemical hazards. Unfortunately poultry eggs and meat are one of the major sources of food borne bacterial infections in humans. In this respect, Salmonella (mainly Salmonella Enteritidis) and Campylobacter are of particular importance, since these pathogens can colonize the chicken host without causing discernible illness in the infected chickens.
Dynamin- and Lipid Raft-Dependent Entry of Decay-Accelerating Factor (DAF)-Binding and Non-DAF-Binding Coxsackieviruses into Nonpolarized Cells

ABSTRACT Group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) use the CVB and adenovirus receptor (CAR) to enter and infect cells. Some CVB also bind to decay-accelerating factor (DAF), but that interaction alone is insufficient for infection. We previously found that CVB3 entry into polarized human intestinal cells (Caco-2) occurs by a caveolin-dependent but dynamin-independent mechanism that requires DAF-mediated tyrosine kinase signals. In this study, we examined how CVB enter and infect nonpolarized HeLa cells and how DAF binding affects these processes. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and a combination of dominant-negative proteins, small interfering RNAs, and drugs targeting specific endocytic pathways, we found that both DAF-binding and non-DAF-binding virus isolates require dynamin and lipid rafts to enter and infect cells. Unlike what we observed in Caco-2 cells, CVB3 entered HeLa cells with CAR. We found no role for clathrin, endosomal acidification, or caveolin. Inhibition of tyrosine kinases blocked an early event in infection but did not prevent entry of virus into the cell. These results indicate that CVB3 entry into nonpolarized HeLa cells differs significantly from entry into polarized Caco-2 cells and is not influenced by virus binding to DAF.
Inhibition of store‐operated Ca2+ influx by acidic extracellular pH in cultured human microglia

The effects of extracellular acidification on Ca2+‐dependent signaling pathways in human microglia were investigated using Ca2+‐sensitive fluorescence microscopy. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was used to elicit Ca2+ responses primarily dependent on the depletion of intracellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores, while platelet‐activating factor (PAF) was used to elicit responses primarily dependent on store‐operated channel (SOC) influx of Ca2+. The duration of transient responses induced by ATP was not significantly different in standard physiological pH 7.4 (mean duration 30.2 ± 2.5 s) or acidified pH 6.2 (mean duration 31.7 ± 2.8 s) extracellular solutions. However, the time course of the PAF response at pH 7.4 was significantly reduced by 87% with external pH at 6.2. These results suggest that acidification of extracellular solutions inhibits SOC entry of Ca2+ with little or no effect on depletion of ER stores. Changes of extracellular pH over the range from 8.6 to 6.2 during the development of a sustained SOC influx induced by PAF resulted in instantaneous modulation of SOC amplitude indicating a rapidly reversible effect of pH on this Ca2+ pathway. Whole‐cell patch clamp recordings showed external acidification blocked depolarization‐activated outward K+ current indicating cellular depolarization may be involved in the acid pH inhibition. Since SOC mediated influx of Ca2+ is strongly modulated by membrane potential, the electrophysiological data suggest that acidification may act to inhibit SOC by cellular depolarization. These results suggest that acidification observed during cerebral ischemia may alter microglial responses and functions. GLIA 36:22–30, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research on Wavelet Image Threshold De-noising

The purpose of image denoising is to restore the original image from the observed noisy image, under the conditions of meeting the minimum mean-square error criteria. In this paper, it summarized the basic principles of the wavelet threshold de-noising and various factors that affect the denoising performace in a complete de-noising algorithms, and analyzed several commonly used threshold de-noising methods and experiment with the Lena image. It provided the basis of selection and improvement for the actual image processing de-noising method.
Collaborative air-ground target searching in complex environments

Collaboration between heterogeneous robots can greatly improve the overall robot system by obtaining capabili­ties that each single robot is unable to achieve. In this paper, we present a collaborative robot system designed for search and rescue missions in an unknown environment with obstacles. The system consists of an aerial robot and a ground robot. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used for robot pose estimation, and an online trajectory generation algorithm is implemented for dynamic obstacle avoidance of the ground robot. The aerial robot first surveys an area of interests and sources a number of targets. The ground robot is then guided by the aerial robot to reach the target location while at the same time avoids obstacles along the way using a laser range finder. The system is entirely autonomous, achieves maximum efficiency and releases the human operator from all low-level types of operations. A centralized EKF is implemented with the flexibility of easily being modified into a distributed EKF.
Computationally-efficient model-based clutter suppression with ADMIRE

Aperture domain model image reconstruction (ADMIRE) algorithm demonstrates off-axis and reverberation clutter suppression while preserving the signal of interest. However, ADMIRE is computationally slow due to the large size of the model matrix. Generating a large in vivo image may require a total serial run-time of over ten hours per frame. Such a lengthy run-time limits the usefulness of ADMIRE in practice. The goal of this study is to accelerate ADMIRE without losing image information. We used a singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm to reduce the number of predictors in the ADMIRE model matrix, which is necessarily oversampled due to the correlation characteristics of reverberation clutter. To assess the SVD-based reduced model, we simulated 12 realizations of an anechoic cyst phantom with varying levels of clutter. We then measured image quality metrics resulting from the full and reduce models, along with delay-and-sum (DAS). The contrast improvement relative to DAS for the full model was 3.2 ± 0.4 dB, 12.6 ± 1.0 dB, 8.2 ± 0.7 dB and 4.7 ± 1.1 dB for the uncluttered, -10, 0 and 10 dB of signal-to-clutter ratio, while the improvement for the reduced model was 3.6 ± 0.3 dB, 12.7 ± 0.7 dB, 8.2 ± 0.4 dB and 4.7 ± 0.6 dB for each case, respectively. We also measured the total serial run-time of each form of ADMIRE in MATLAB on a 3.40 GHz CPU desktop computer. The full model had 1,320 predictors versus 96 in the reduced model at the focal depth. This resulted in total single-core serial run-times of 1,294 sec and 91 sec for the full versus reduced models, respectively.
Institutional Assets and Adaptability: NATO After the Cold War

The puzzle of NATO's persistence is best addressed as part of a larger inquiry into institutional change. Institutions persist because they are costly to create and less costly to maintain, but this institutionalist argument is incomplete. Whether institutions adapt to change depends on whether their norms, rules, and procedures are specific or general assets and on whether the asset mix matches the kinds of security problems faced by their members. Assets specific to coping with external threats will not be useful for coping with problems of instability and mistrust, so alliances with only the former will disappear when threats disappear. Alliances that have specific institutional assets for dealing with instability and mistrust and general institutional assets will be adaptable to environments that lack threats. I assess these hypotheses in a test case of NATO's institutional assets during and after the Cold War.
Biosynthesis of marine natural products: microorganisms and macroalgae.

This review covers the literature published on the biosynthesis of marine microbial and macroalgal natural products over a 10-year period from 1989 through 1998. A companion review covering the same time period on the biosynthesis of natural products from marine macroorganisms will appear at a later date in this journal. An earlier report by Garson published in this journal surveyed the whole field of marine natural product biosynthesis through mid 1988.1 The field through mid 1992 was reviewed elsewhere in an updated report,2 and several reviews covering specific aspects of marine microbial and macroalgal natural product biosynthesis have been published during this period. Reviewed biosynthetic topics include dinoflagellate and algal sterol side chains,3,4 algal oxylipins,5–8 and microalgal metabolites.9,10 Some of the microorganisms discussed in this report are not strictly marine. Bacteria isolated from coastal waters may have originated from terrestrial habitats and washed into the ocean. Many of these bacteria found at the interface of terrestrial and marine environments, especially the actinobacteria, tolerate wide ranges of salinities. The biosynthesis of natural products from freshwater cyanobacteria and microalgae are described for compounds that are structurally related to marine products. The biosynthetic origins of many marine invertebrate-derived natural products are not clear and have been proposed to involve associated microorganisms. A section on symbiotic microorganisms highlights our current knowledge on the involvement of invertebrate-hosted microorganisms in natural product biosynthesis through cellular localization studies. The review is organized on the basis of a similar taxonomic system used in previous marine natural product biosynthesis1, 2 and structure11 reviews. General labeling patterns consistently used throughout this report are outlined in Fig. 1. 2 Marine microorganisms