Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRANSIENT EXPRESSION IN TOBACCO BRIGHT YELLOW 2 CELLS AND POLLEN GRAINS: A FAST, EFFICIENT AND RELIABLE SYSTEM FOR FUNCTIONAL PROMOTER ANALYSIS OF PLANT GENES

Gene expression is mediated by DNA sequences directly upstream from the coding sequences, recruited transcription factors and RNA polymerase in a spatially-defined manner. Understanding promoter strength and regulation would enhance our understanding of gene expression. The goal of this study was to develop a fast, efficient and reliable method for testing basal promoter activity and identifying core sequences within its pollen specific elements. In this paper we examined the functionality of buckwheat metallothionein promoter by a histochemical GUS assay in two transient expression systems: BY2 cells and pollen grains. Strong promoter activity was observed in both systems.
Correlation analysis between urinary T lymphocyte subsets and lupus nephritis disease activity

Objective: In clinic, it’s significantly important to monitor lupus nephritis (LN) disease activity for the longterm prognosis of patients. To explore the role of urinary T lymphocyte true count in the evaluation of LN disease activity, we enrolled 35 patients and 21 healthy controls. Methods: Fresh morning-midstream urine of all subjects was collected for preparing cell suspension by precipitation, filtration, centrifugation. Lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry using CD3-FITC, CD8-PE, CD4-APC, CD45-PerCP. The concentration of urinary MCP-1 and TWEAK were measured by ELISA. Contrastive analysis was made combining with the clinical data collected from patients. Rests: The urinary CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells counts of LN patients are all significantly higher than that of the healthy controls, and positively correlated with the SLEDAI and rSLEDAI scores. Compared with other T cell subsets, experimental and clinical indicators, the counts of urinary CD4+ T cells showed the most significant difference among different disease activity groups. Conclusions: Counts of the main urinary T lymphocyte subsets correlate with LN disease activity scores. And among them, CD4+ T cells can be used to distinguish patients in different disease activity groups, revealing a new biomarker for LN disease activity evaluation.
Effect of a 12-week Resistance-exercise Training Program on the Physical Self-perceptions of Children

Resistance-exercise training improves self-concept in adolescents and adults, while middle childhood (8-10 year) remains understudied. The purpose was to analyze if physical self-perceptions would change following 12-week of resistance exercise. Boys (n = 11, 9.0 ± 0.9 year) and girls (n = 13, 9.3 ± 0.7 year) were randomly assigned by sex into control (CON, n = 12) or experimental (EXP, n = 12) groups. Week 1 pre-testing consisted of the Physical Self-Perception Profile for Children (C-PSPP), which contains 6 subscales: Global General Self-Worth (GSW), Global Physical Self-Worth (PSW), Perceived Sport Competence (SPORT), Perceived Bodily Attractiveness (BODY), Perceived Physical Strength (STRENGTH), Perceived Level Of Physical Conditioning (CONDITION). After familiarization, the EXP received 12-week of resistance exercise 2 days/week. Each exercise session consisted of: 5-min warm up, 5-min static stretching, 25-min resistance exercise, 5-min cool down, and 5-min static stretching. C-PSPP post-testing occurred after completion of the training program. A 2 x 2 repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance was used. Bonferroni pairwise post hoc analyses examined differences in the C-PSPP subscales. Alpha level was p 0.05). A C-PSPP post-test interaction (p = 0.037) existed between CON and EXP. Post hoc analyses showed gains (p < 0.05) for EXP in all subscales. Only SPORT improved for the CON group (p = 0.02). Regular resistance exercise improved all subscale scores, not just STRENGTH, in the EXP. Children who participate in resistance-exercise training display enhanced physical self-perceptions, and may have an increased awareness of their own levels of physical conditioning and strength.
In vitro modelling of tau phosphorylating kinases : emphasis of Cdk5

5 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 8 INTRODUCTION General introduction to Alzheimer’s disease 9 Tau protein and neurofibrillary tangles 10 Tau phosphorylation 11 Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) Regulation of Cdk5 11 Physiological function of Cdk5 13 Cdk5 in neurodegeneration 14 Glycogen synthase kinase 3β Regulation of Gsk3β 16 Physiolocigal function of Gsk3β 17 Gsk3β in neurodegeneration 17 Mitogen-activated protein kinases 18 Amyloid precursor protein and amyloid plaques 18 Amyloid cascade hypothesis 20 Link between Aβ and tau phosphorylation 21 Treatment strategies 22 Assays for tau phosphorylating kinases 24 AIMS OF THE STUDY 25 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor differentiated SH-SY5Y cell line as a model for Alzheimer’s disease-like tau phosphorylation 26 Glutamate treatment and p25 transfection increase Cdk5 mediated tau phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells 28 Increased tau phosphorylation at the S epitope after Aβ-exposure in organotypic cultures 30 Identification of non-muscle myosin heavy chain as a substrate for Cdk5 and tool for drug screening 32 GENERAL DISCUSSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 34 MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cultures, transfections and treatments 37 Western blot 38 Immunoprecipitation 39 Scintillation Proximity Assay 39 Immunohistochemistry 40 Fluoro-Jade B staining 40 Mass spectrometry 40 Statistics 41 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 42 REFERENCES 43
Losses Of Elements During Dry Ashing Of Biological Materials

Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) were used to evaluate the losses of elements during dry ashing of biological materials at different heating temperatures. The materials studied were mushrooms, marine algae and pine bark. Samples of these materials were heated in a furnace at temperatures between 105 and 1000°C. The behaviour of heavy metals like Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn were studied with PIXE. No significant volatilisation was observed for these elements at temperatures below 850°C. Losses of lighter elements like nitrogen and sodium were studied with the PIGE method. Nitrogen in pine bark was lost at 400°C. The 137 Cs activity in the mushrooms was determined with an NaI(Tl) detector in a lead shield. At temperatures above 700°C the activity from 137 Cs began to decrease. The total ash contents at the different temperatures are also reported. Heating of biological samples to 400-550°C is suitable for most samples prior to ion-beam analysis.
Temperature effect on U(VI) sorption onto Na-bentonite

Abstract U(VI) sorption on a purified Na-bentonite was investigated from 298±2 to 353±2 K by using a batch experimental method as a function of pH, U(VI) concentration, carbonate concentration and solid-to-liquid ratio (m/V). The data at 298±2 K could be well described by a surface complexation model (SCM) with a complex located on layer sites (X2UO2) and three complexes located on edge sites (≡SOUO2+, ≡SO(UO2)3(OH)5, and ≡SO(UO2)3(OH)72−). The intrinsic equilibrium constants (Kint) of the surface reactions at 333 ± 2 and 353±2 K were obtained by fitting U(VI) sorption curves vs. pH on the Na-bentonite. The model enables U(VI) sorption in the presence of carbonate (pCO2=10−3.58 atm) to be described without considering any ternary surface complexes involving carbonate, except for underestimation around pH 7 (6<pH<7.5). The standard enthalpy changes (Δr Hmθ) of the surface reactions were evaluated from the Kint values obtained at three temperatures (298±2, 333±2 and 353±2 K) via the van´t Hoff equation. The proposed SCM and Δr Hmθ of the surface reactions enable U(VI) sorption on the Na-bentonite at other temperatures to be predicted.
Enhancing coreference clustering

Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Anaphora Resolution (WAR II). Editor: Christer Johansson. NEALT Proceedings Series, Vol. 2 (2008), 31-40. © 2008 The editors and contributors. Published by Northern European Association for Language Technology (NEALT) http://omilia.uio. no/nealt . Electronically published at Tartu University Library (Estonia) http://hdl.handle. net/10062/7129 .
An unmixing algorithm for remotely sensed soil moisture

We present an unmixing method, based on genetic algorithm‐soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere‐transfer modeling to extract subgrid information of soil and vegetation from remotely sensed soil moisture (downscaled; e.g., soil hydraulic properties, area fractions of soil‐vegetation combinations, and unmixed soil moisture time series) that most land surface models use. The unmixing method was evaluated using numerical experiments comprising mixed pixels with simple and complex soil‐vegetation combinations, in idealized case studies (with or without uncertainty) and under actual field conditions (Walnut Creek (WC11) field, Soil Moisture Experiment 2005, Iowa). Additional validation experiments were conducted at an airborne‐remote sensing footprint (Little Washita (LW21) site, Southern Great Plains 1997 hydrology campaign, Oklahoma) using Electronically Scanning Thin Array Radiometer (ESTAR). Results of the idealized experiments suggest that the unmixing method can extract optimal or near‐optimal solutions to the inverse problem under different hydrologic and climatic conditions. Errors in soil moisture data and initial and boundary conditions can compound uncertainty in the solution. The solutions generated under actual field conditions (WC11 field) were able to match soil moisture observations. Analysis showed that typical soil moisture retention curves of cataloged dominant soils in WC11 field did not match well with the measurements, but those derived from actual field‐scale soil moisture inversion matched better. The unmixing method performed well in replicating soil hydraulic behavior at the ESTAR footprint. Unlike in WC11 field, the typical soil moisture retention curves of cataloged soils in LW21 field matched better with the measurements. We envisaged that the unmixing method can provide quick and easy way of extracting subgrid soil moisture variability and soil‐vegetation information in a pixel.
COMPACT DUAL-BAND BANDPASS FILTER USING FOLDED SIR WITH TWO STUBS FOR WLAN

A novel compact dual-band bandpass fllter using tri- section stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) is presented for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). SIRs and one stub between parallel couple line are employed to realize two satisfactory passbands. Meanwhile, one transmission zero is generated between the two passbands to achieve a high out-of-band rejection. Simulated results show that two central frequencies are located at desired 2.4 and 5.2GHz with 3dB fractional bandwidths of 6.3% and 3.4% respectively. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.
Relative Phase Shift Features for Replay Spoof Detection System

The replay spooﬁng tries to fool the Automatic Speaker Veriﬁ-cation (ASV) system by the recordings of a genuine utterance. Most of the studies have used magnitude-based features and ignored phase-based features for replay detection. However, the phase-based features also affected due to the environmental characteristics during recording. Hence, the phase-based features, such as parameterized Relative Phase Shift (RPS) and Modiﬁed Group Delay are used in this paper along with the baseline feature set, namely, Constant Q Cepstral Coefﬁcients (CQCC) and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefﬁcients (MFCC). We found out that the score-level fusion of magnitude and phase-based features are giving better performance than the individual feature sets alone on the ASV Spoof 2017 Challenge version 2. In particular, the Equal Error Rate (EER) is 12.58 % on the evaluation set with the fusion of RPS and the CQCC feature sets using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) classiﬁer.
The network structure of multilevel water resources governance in Central America

The acceleration of changes in global water resource systems is exacerbating the ability of governance institutions to adapt, particularly in developing world regions. We highlight one of the key challenges to resilience in environmental governance— coordinating governance processes within and across multiple interacting geographic levels—and investigate structures of local, regional, and multilevel water governance networks using empirical data from Central America. We examined hypotheses of multilevel governance network structure and function using descriptive statistics and exponential random graph models, and found that closed and open network structures are more prevalent at the local and regional levels, respectively, and that cross-level ties impart smallworld structures upon the multilevel network. Small-world networks are theorized to provide joint benefits on cooperation, policy learning, and resource distribution, all of which are necessary for effective water resources governance.
Adult Mortality in a Randomized Trial of Mass Azithromycin for Trachoma

Published Online: April 1, 2013. doi:10.1001 /jamainternmed.2013. 3014 Author Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University (Drs Choma, Vasilevskis, Sponsler, Hathaway, and Kripalani), and Medical Services, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (Dr Sponsler), Nashville, Tennessee. Correspondence: Dr Kripalani, Vanderbilt Center for Health Services Research, 1215 21st Ave S, Ste 6000 Medical Center E, Nashville, TN 37232 (sunil.kripalani @vanderbilt.edu). Author Contributions: Dr Choma had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: All authors. Acquisition of data: Choma. Analysis and interpretation of data: All authors. Drafting of the manuscript: Choma, Sponsler, and Kripalani. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Choma, Vasilevskis, Hathaway, and Kripalani. Statistical analysis: Choma and Hathaway. Administrative, technical, and material support: Choma and Vasilevskis. Study supervision: Choma, Vasilevskis, and Kripalani. Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported. Previous Presentation: This study was presented at the Society of General Internal Medicine Annual Meeting; May 12, 2012; Orlando, Florida. Online-Only Material: The eAppendix is available at http: //www.jamainternalmed. com. Additional Contributions: Daniel Stover, MD, Cecelia Theobald, MD, Jennifer Green, MD, MPH, Joshua Denny, MD, MS, Neeraja Peterson, MD, MSc, John Sergent, MD, and Nancy Brown, MD, provided input about study designandreviewof themanuscript. SheaPolancich, RN, PhD, Martha Newton, and Hank Domenico from the Vanderbilt Center for Clinical Improvement assisted with data extraction and statistical analysis. Tracy Dozier, MD, Eitan Friedman, MD, Waleed Khalaf, MD, Jay Montgomery, MD, Matthew Semler, MD, and Ciara Shaver, MD, assisted with the development and implementation of the resident night float system at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
Link operations for slowing the spread of disease in complex networks

A variety of social, biological and communication networks can be modelled using graph theoretical tools. Similar graphical tools can be used to model the topology by which disease, errors, and/or other undesired phenomenon etc. is spread and propagated through such networks. Certain network operations are proposed in this work that can be used to slow the spread of diseases in complex network topologies. The approach considered in this work differs from existing techniques in that it is based on optimally removing (or immunizing) individual links in the network as opposed to individual nodes. A systematic algorithm is outlined to achieve this edgewise immunization via a relaxed convex optimization protocol.
Comparison of eight years magnetic field data from Cluster with Tsyganenko models in the inner magnetosphere

Abstract. Eight years of magnetic field data, taken while the four Cluster spacecraft pass through, or adjacent to, the equatorial ring current, have been surveyed to investigate the effects on the Earth's magnetic field of the externally driven current systems connecting the ionosphere, cusp and ring current regions. This study extends previous work to cover a greater range of orbit location and external conditions. We compare the modeled magnetic field from different global field models (Tsyganenko, 1989, 1996, and 2001, hereafter T89, T96 and T01) with data from the four Cluster spacecraft. Comparing with the different models allow us not only to characterize each model's performance, but also provides insight into the physical sources of observed signals. The data generally deviate much less from the expected model field during the years close to the solar minimum, implying that the models perform better during weaker geomagnetic activity. There are particular deviations from the models associated with the ring current (well-defined smooth trends) and region 2 field aligned currents (FACs) or low-altitude cusp FACs (sharp bipolar signatures). During the ring current crossings (through perigee, at 4–5 RE), the T96 model always overestimates the ring current, while the T01 and T89 models sometimes underestimate it. The sharp bipolar signatures are not always sampled, implying a localized extent, but only the T96 and T01 models include forms for the region 2 FACs and T01 appears to model these better. Overall, all deviations from T01 are much smaller than for the other models, indicating that this model achieves the best fit to the data. The 4 Cluster spacecraft observe nearly the same signatures at small separations (during the early years of the mission) but do sample different signatures at the large separations (during the later years). Using the four-spacecraft technique, we infer that the region 2 FACs, with a transverse thickness of ~0.17–0.54 RE, and cusp FACs, with a thickness of ~0.06–0.12 RE, are very stable in size and location.
The strategic implications of clarifying how marketers interpret “brands”

This paper is concerned with clarifying how brand strategies can be developed. By reviewing the evolution and rationale for manufacturer and distributor brands, it enables marketers to consider which branding route is most appropriate. Criteria to decide between being a manufacturer's brand or supplying distributor brands are addressed. To follow either of these routes the organisation must clarify its understanding of the brand asset and four broad interpretations are discussed. There would appear to be two key componenets characterising brands and through the use of a two dimensional matrix, a method to identify the type of brand and guide brand strategy development is presented.
Improving Compression Methods for Arabic Text Using Dedicated Character Mapping

: Natural Language Text Compression methods have been discussed thoroughly in the literature in the past years, different methodologies have been implemented and introduced, most however focused on English and European languages. Rather few studies have focused on Arabic Language, some methods used statistical approaches, other methods used dictionary based compression techniques, while some used features of the Arabic language and derivation rules in attempt to increase compression ratio. In this paper, we will introduce several statistical methods for natural language and apply it on Arabic text. We will also provide implementation for each of these methods and give a comparison between them in terms of performance, compression ratio, resource requirements for running the algorithms and areas and application and usage. Golomb , Elias Gamma Code, Huffman methods are to be implemented, and compared as a sample statistical algorithms, We will also introduce a dedicated Arabic Character Mapping technique to be used in the Elias, Golomb and Huffman algorithms, which will show through the results a major improvement to the compression ratio in comparison to the original methods when applied on binary data ignoring the language underneath, the improvement introduced will show that it can be superior even to LZW when used on small Arabic Sample Files, two sets of data will be tested, first set uses random Arabic text, the second set will use real texts from complete Arabic stories and books.
Male and Female Marriage Returns to Schooling

A collective marriage matching model is estimated and calibrated to quantify the share of returns to schooling that is realized through marriage. The predictions of the model are matched with detailed Danish household data on the relationship between schooling and wage rates, the division of time and goods within the household, and the extent to which men and women sort positively on several traits in marriage. Counterfactual analysis conducted with the model suggests that Danish men and women are earning on the order of half of their returns to schooling through improved marital outcomes.
Digital Games for Learning Mathematics: Possibilities and Limitations

Drawing from Gee's learning principles developed from the digital games environment, we provide a critical analysis of the difference between using these principles in a literacy environment as opposed to a mathematical environment. Using stimulated recall, primary school-aged students played with a number of contemporary digital games. Feedback was sought. This was compared with the descriptions provided by experienced adult gamers. Both players provided insights into the cognitive process used by gamers when engaging with games. Collectively, these sources allow us to propose that the learning principles may restrict deep learning processes for mathematical learning.
A Multi-Layered Scheme for Distributed Simulations on the Cloud Environment

In order to improve simulation performance and to integrate simulation resources among geographically distributed locations, the concept of distributed simulation is proposed. Several types of distributed simulation standards, such as DIS and HLA, are established to formalize simulations and achieve reusability and interoperability of simulation components. To implement these distributed simulation standards and to manage the underlying system of distributed simulation applications, we employ grid computing and cloud computing technologies. These tackle the details of operation, configuration, and maintenance of simulation platforms in which simulation applications are deployed. However, for modelers who may not be familiar with the management of distributed systems, it is challenging to make a simulation-run-ready environment among different types of computing resources and network environments. In this article, a new multi-layered cloud-based scheme is proposed for enabling modeling and simulation based on different distributed simulation standards. This scheme is designed to ease the management of underlying resources and to achieve rapid elasticity that can provide unlimited computing capability to end users; it considers energy consumption, security, multi-user availability, scalability, and deployment issues. A mechanism for handling diverse network environments is described; by adopting it, idle public resources can be easily configured as additional computing capabilities for the local resource pool. A fast deployment model is built to relieve the migration and installation process of this platform. An energy-saving strategy is utilized to reduce the consumption of computing resources. Security components are implemented to protect sensitive information and block malicious attacks in the cloud. In the experiments, the proposed scheme is compared with its corresponding grid computing platform; the cloud computing platform achieves similar performance, but incorporates many advantages that the Cloud can provide.