Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical and Experimental Study of the Short-Time Withstand Current Capability for Air Circuit Breaker

A 3-D transient finite-element method to analyze the short-time withstand current for an air circuit breaker (ACB) is presented. The cylindrical contact bridge is adopted to describe the current constriction between the movable and fixed contacts, and then considering the influence of the eddy current, the resistivity and thermal conductivity variations with the temperature, and the coupled calculation of the corresponding electromagnetic field and thermal field can be performed to evaluate the short-time withstand current capability. To verify the calculation method and results based on the ACB model, relevant experiments are also conducted through measuring the temperature of two points on the contacts with the thermocouple. It demonstrates that the proposed method can be used to optimize the design of ACBs.
Determination of Colour-Contrast Sensitivity of the Retina

Determination of Colour-Contrast Sensitivity of the Retina A. Kubarko, V. Firago and O. Hotrac,∗ Human Physiology Department, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, pr. Dzerginsky, 183, 220116, Belarus Belarusian State University, Department of Quantum Radiophysics and Optoelectronics Minsk, 4, pr. Nezaliezhnasti, 220030, Belarus Lublin University of Technology, Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nadbystrzycka 38a, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Cloning of Salmonella typhimurium DNA encoding mutagenic DNA repair

Mutagenic DNA repair in Escherichia coli is encoded by the umuDC operon. Salmonella typhimurium DNA which has homology with E. coli umuC and is able to complement E. coli umuC122::Tn5 and umuC36 mutations has been cloned. Complementation of umuD44 mutants and hybridization with E. coli umuD also occurred, but these activities were much weaker than with umuC. Restriction enzyme mapping indicated that the composition of the cloned fragment is different from the E. coli umuDC operon. Therefore, a umu-like function of S. typhimurium has been found; the phenotype of this function is weaker than that of its E. coli counterpart, which is consistent with the weak mutagenic response of S. typhimurium to UV compared with the response in E. coli.
Distributed fiber‐optic temperature sensing for hydrologic systems

Instruments for distributed fiber‐optic measurement of temperature are now available with temperature resolution of 0.01°C and spatial resolution of 1 m with temporal resolution of fractions of a minute along standard fiber‐optic cables used for communication with lengths of up to 30,000 m. We discuss the spectrum of fiber‐optic tools that may be employed to make these measurements, illuminating the potential and limitations of these methods in hydrologic science. There are trade‐offs between precision in temperature, temporal resolution, and spatial resolution, following the square root of the number of measurements made; thus brief, short measurements are less precise than measurements taken over longer spans in time and space. Five illustrative applications demonstrate configurations where the distributed temperature sensing (DTS) approach could be used: (1) lake bottom temperatures using existing communication cables, (2) temperature profile with depth in a 1400 m deep decommissioned mine shaft, (3) air‐snow interface temperature profile above a snow‐covered glacier, (4) air‐water interfacial temperature in a lake, and (5) temperature distribution along a first‐order stream. In examples 3 and 4 it is shown that by winding the fiber around a cylinder, vertical spatial resolution of millimeters can be achieved. These tools may be of exceptional utility in observing a broad range of hydrologic processes, including evaporation, infiltration, limnology, and the local and overall energy budget spanning scales from 0.003 to 30,000 m. This range of scales corresponds well with many of the areas of greatest opportunity for discovery in hydrologic science.
Bonding Tactic Sets of On-Line Stores: An Empirical Study

It is critical for on-line stores as well as off-line firms to build and maintain lasting relationships with customers. Research has stated that bonding tactics help to build and maintain relationships. The existence of stores only on-line is a new business paradigm, and on-line shopping is a new behaviour mode for consumers. The on-line bonding tactics are not the same as with off-line firms. This paper presents a new set of bonding tactics, including financial bonding, social bonding, experience bonding and purchasing process bonding based on existing literature, on-line shopper reviews, and a questionnaire survey. Among these bonding tactics, experience bonding and purchasing process bonding are the new bonding tactics for on-line stores. The results enrich the research in relationship marketing, and provide on-line stores with guidance for putting bonding tactics into practice.
Finance: Without Which There is No Special Education

EDITOR'S NOTE: The problem of financing education, coupled with the growing mandate of education for all, is emerging as one of the most critical dilemmas facing government. Many factors influence the right to an appropriate education and the most effective manner of distributing revenue to provide it. Congress, state legislatures, and local school boards are looking intently at those questions in search of making equal educational opportunity available to every child. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the current approaches of funding education for the handicapped. the limitations of these methods. and the responsibilities they involve. All readers are called upon to add to this discussion any information they have collected in the areasof cost analysis. budgeting systems. financial data, or fiscal solutions and to send it to the Governmental Relations Unit, The Council for Exceptional Children. Financing education for the handicapped will be the topic of a section meeting at the 51st Annual CEC Convention in Dallas, on Thursday, April 26, 1973, 1:15 to 4:45 p.m,
Occurrence of respiratory virus: time, place and person

Background. Respiratory viruses account for most respiratory infections. Although analysis of epidemiologic information regarding viral seasonality, sites of transmission and susceptible populations is essential to devising strategies for limiting epidemics, few long term epidemiologic studies have addressed these questions. Methods. Epidemiologic findings identifying susceptible populations, as well as temporal and geographic patterns of infection with influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus were reviewed. Conclusions. Influenza is the virus most frequently associated with outbreaks of respiratory infection resulting in medical consultation as well as virus-related lethality. Similar symptom profiles and overlapping seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus and other viruses may sometimes complicate surveillance and treatment. Although vaccination and antiviral drugs are virus-specific, factors that promote transmission and thus strategies for limiting outbreaks are similar for various respiratory viruses.
Modeling Managed Grassland Biomass Estimation by Using Multitemporal Remote Sensing Data—A Machine Learning Approach

More than 80% of agricultural land in Ireland is grassland, which is a major feed source for the pasture based dairy farming and livestock industry. Many studies have been undertaken globally to estimate grassland biomass by using satellite remote sensing data, but rarely in systems like Ireland's intensively managed, but small-scale pastures, where grass is grazed as well as harvested for winter fodder. Multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were developed to estimate the grassland biomass (kg dry matter/ha/day) of two intensively managed grassland farms in Ireland. For the first test site (Moorepark) 12 years (2001–2012) and for second test site (Grange) 6 years (2001–2005, 2007) of in situ measurements (weekly measured biomass) were used for model development. Five vegetation indices plus two raw spectral bands (RED=red band, NIR=Near Infrared band) derived from an 8-day MODIS product (MOD09Q1) were used as an input for all three models. Model evaluation shows that the ANFIS ( $R_{{\rm{Moorepark}}}^2 = \;0.85,\;\;{\rm{RMS}}{{\rm{E}}_{{\rm{Moorepark}}}} = \;11.07$; $R_{{\rm{Grange}}}^2 = \;0.76,\;\;{\rm{RMS}}{{\rm{E}}_{{\rm{Grange}}}} = \;15.35$) has produced improved estimation of biomass as compared to the ANN and MLR. The proposed methodology will help to better explore the future inflow of remote sensing data from spaceborne sensors for the retrieval of different biophysical parameters, and with the launch of new members of satellite families (ALOS-2, Radarsat-2, Sentinel, TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X/L) the development of tools to process large volumes of image data will become increasingly important.
A recursive algorithm for reducing algorithmic complexity of scattering problems

A recursive algorithm for calculating the exact solution of field scattering from a dielectric object is proposed. As in the method of moments, the object is first divided into N subobjects. Then, every subject is treated as a single scatterer in an N-scatterer problem. The recursive algorithm is then employed to calculate the (n+1)-scatterer tensor-T matrix from the n-scatterer tensor-T matrix. With this recursive algorithm, the N-scatterer tensor-T matrix can be derived. From this N-scatterer tensor T-matrix, the scattered field from the object can be obtained. This results in an N/sup 2/ and a linear in N algorithm in the long wavelength limit rather than the N/sup 3/ algorithm as in the method of moments. <<ETX>>
LS-SVM based motion control of mobile robot with Lyapunov function compensation

In this paper, least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) based motion control and obstacle avoidance of a mobile robot are proposed under measured data with uncertainty. The proposed scheme can control the mobile robot by using a potential field function, where the potential field function is based on Lyapunov function candidate. The Lyapunov function candidate includes a flat plane, the flat plane is constructed to avoid the local minima. LS-SVM method is used for estimating the controller parameters by using the measured data with uncertainty. As a result, the motion of the mobile robot can be controlled smoothly. The proposed scheme is evaluated by demonstrating numerical simulation results.
A fast signature scheme based on congruential polynomial operations

A novel digital signature scheme is proposed in which the computation time is much shorter than that of the Rivest-Shamir-Adelman (RSA) scheme, while the key length and signature length are comparable to those for the RSA scheme. Moreover, the proposed scheme can be implemented easily and is, therefore, more practical for many digital signature applications. The scheme is based on congruential polynomial operations whose degrees are more than three. The secret key consists of two large prime numbers, p and q, and the public key is their product, n=p/sup 2/q. The security of this scheme depends on the difficulty of factorizing the number n. Variations using the number of zeros succeeding the significant bit are also proposed. >
Human Fall Detection using Maximum Euclidean Distance and Ellipse Approximation

The population of senior citizens is continuously increasing, and most of them are living alone at home. The fall is main cause to make severe injury or mortality. The fall detection systems turn into equipment to help elderly rapidly. A technology to detect fall based on vision systems offers a new promising solution to analyze human behavior and detect fall events. In this paper, we propose a new method to detect falls in a video sequence. In our proposed system, the Maximum Euclidean Distance was used for human motion analysis. Then the fall posture of human is detected by using the approximated ellipse method. Our algorithm provides promising results on video sequences of daily activities taken by IP camera installed on a high position like bird’s eye view and simulated falls with occlusions. Keywords—Fall detection, Shape Context Matching, Euclidean distance.
Silicon photonic waveguides and devices

Several silicon photonic waveguide geometries for both near- and mid-infrared wavelength regions are presented. These waveguides are basic building blocks of more complex photonic circuits such as modulators, detectors, filters, couplers or light sources. In this paper, the application of waveguide structures in both passive and active devices is given.
Fluorescence Emission after Different Development Times of Some Cholesterol Esters and Free Cholesterol

We describe a fluorescent determination of total cholesterol in serum for which the accuracy and precision are comparable to that for the method of Abell-Kendall, a method of generally accepted accuracy. By the use of quality reagents and the rigorous exclusion of water, the strong fluorophor that develops on reacting concentrated sulf uric acid with cholesterol can be used to quantitatively determine the total cholesterol in serum. We used gasliquid chromatography to monitor the extent of saponification of the cholesterol esters, because we found them to have fluorescent efficiencies that differed from that of free cholesterol. Sodium methoxide in methanol/methylene chloride (1/3 by vol) was shown by gas-liquid chromatography to very effectively saponify the cholesterol esters in serum.
Optical Absorption in Graphene-on-Silicon Nitride Microring Resonators

Graphene-on-silcon nitride (Si3N4) microring resonators were theoretically optimized and experimentally demonstrated to enhance their absorption. The original absorption of 25 dB/mm in a graphene-on-Si3N4 straight waveguide was significantly enhanced through the resonator structure, offering a quality factor from ~28200 to ~3800 depending on the graphene length in the cavity. The result agrees well with theoretical calculations. The characterization study in this letter is useful in developing graphene-on-Si3N4 microring resonator structure for high-performance optical modulators and photodetectors.
Coronary Artery Disease and Dysrhythmias

CAD is a generic designation for many different conditions that involve obstructed blood flow through the coronary arteries. The most prevalent etiologies of CAD are atherosclerosis, coronary vasospasm, and microvascular angina. Microvascular angina results from poor function of the smaller blood vessels that supply the heart. Atherosclerosis is by far the most common cause of CAD and is the focus of this chapter. Both individual risk factors and the presence of concurrent disease states influence the incidence of CAD. Some populations have an increased occurrence of CAD because of definable characteristics or risks. Risk factors are classically categorized as nonmodifiable and modifiable. Nonmodifiable risk factors include age, gender, race, and family history and genetics. Modifiable risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and stress (see Risk Factors box). The American Heart Association (AHA) has not firmly established hyperhomocysteinemia as an independent risk factor; however, it has established guidelines for monitoring homocysteine levels in high-risk individuals. C-reactive protein, another measure of inflammation, is also considered a marker for an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and of adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). People in a high-risk group have about a C H A P T E R 2 9
A biped walking robot having a ZMP measurement system using universal force-moment sensors

Concerns the use of the zero moment point (ZMP) as a criterion in order to distinguish the stability of walking for a biped walking robot. If the ZMP during walking can be measured, it is possible for a biped walking robot to realize stabler walking by a control method that makes use of the measured ZMP. A method of measuring the ZMP throughout the whole walking phase is proposed, and a newly developed biped walking robot that has a ZMP measurement system using two universal force-moment sensors is explained. The accuracy of the ZMP measurement system is experimentally confirmed, and the ZMP throughout the whole walking phase is measured. <<ETX>>
Cardiovascular Disease : The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Variants With Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Incident SCARB 1 Association of

Ani Manichaikul, Adam C. Naj, David Herrington, Wendy Post, Stephen S. Rich and Annabelle Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Variants With Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Incident SCARB1 Association of Print ISSN: 1079-5642. Online ISSN: 1524-4636 Copyright © 2012 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112. 249714 2012;32:1991-1999; originally published online May 24, 2012; Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. http://atvb.ahajournals. org/content/32/8/1991 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the http://atvb.ahajournals. org/content/suppl/2012/05/24/ATVBAHA.112. 249714.DC1. html Data Supplement (unedited) at:
Monoclonal antibodies to NF‐Y define its function in MHC class II and albumin gene transcription.

NF‐Y is a sequence‐specific DNA‐binding protein which, as a heterodimer, recognizes CCAAT motifs in a variety of transcriptional promoters. We have generated a panel of monoclonal and affinity‐purified polyclonal antibodies directed against various epitopes of NF‐Y. These reagents are highly specific for either of the A or B subunits; we have mapped the epitopes recognized by the monoclonal antibodies to the glutamine‐rich activation domain of NF‐YA. The antibodies inhibit in vitro transcription from the promoters of the albumin gene and of Ea, a class II gene of the major histocompatibility complex. These data definitively demonstrate the role of NF‐Y in regulating the transcription of two tissue‐specific genes whose expression patterns do not overlap. Interestingly, the antibodies cannot inhibit a formed pre‐initiation complex, but do block reinitiation of subsequent rounds of transcription from the same templates.
Insertion adaptative en stéganographie : application aux images numériques dans le domaine spatial. (Adaptive Steganography : application to digital images in spatial domain)

La steganographie est l'art de la communication secrete. L'objectif est de dissimuler un message secret dans un medium anodin de sorte qu'il soit indetectable. De nos jours, avec la generalisation d'Internet et l'apparition des supports numeriques (fichiers audio, videos ou images), plusieurs philosophies de conception de schema steganographique ont ete proposees. Parmi les methodes actuelles appliquees aux images numeriques naturelles, nous trouvons les methodes d'insertion adaptative, dont le principe repose sur la modification du medium de couverture avec une garantie d'avoir un certain niveau de securite. Ces methodes representent une veritable avancee en steganographie.Dans ce manuscrit, apres avoir rappele les concepts recents de steganographie adaptative, nous presentons une procedure automatique et complete pour l'insertion adaptative de donnees secretes dans des images numeriques naturelles. L'approche proposee est une « meta-methode » basee « oracle », appelee ASO (Adaptive Steganography by Oracle), qui permet de preserver a la fois la distribution de l'image de couverture et la distribution de la base d'images utilisee par l'emetteur. Notre approche permet d'obtenir des resultats nettement superieurs aux methodes actuelles de l'etat de l'art, et est donc l'une, si ce n'est la meilleure approche du moment. Par ailleurs, nous definissons egalement un nouveau paradigme en steganographie qui est la steganographie par base, ainsi qu'une nouvelle mesure de selection pour les images steganographiees, permettant d'ameliorer encore plus les performances de notre schema d'insertion. Les differentes experimentations, que nous avons effectuees sur des images reelles, ont confirme la pertinence de cette nouvelle approche.
Clinical definition for multiple sclerosis treatment trials

Clinically, the Schumacher Panel criteria remain the best set of diagnostic criteria. Two subsets therein are definable, i.e., exacerbating–remitting (ER) and chronic progressive (CP), with the latter subdivided into progressive from onset and secondarily progressive. A clinically stable stage can also be recognized. It has been customary in treatment trials to separate ER and CP patients. End point for the latter is a comparison of neurologic status at the end of the trial with that entry. A similar assessment can be made for ER patients. With this criterion both types could be included in a single study. One could also, though, treat the exacerbation in an acute study or assess whether exacerbations can be prevented in a long‐term trial. Most clinicians no longer consider monophasic disease as multiple sclerosis (MS). Depending on clinical extent, such patients are divisible into acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Devic disease, transverse myelopathy, or optic neuritis. Each subgroup could be studied as with an acute exacerbation or in long term as to whether future and different neurologic insults can be prevented. One measure of neurologic status is the Disability Status Scale (DSS), which grades clinical impairment due to MS on a 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS) basis. The expanded DSS (EDSS) subdivides each step 1 through 9 into two. Type and severity of neurologic impairment is defined by graded involvement in the following eight functional systems (FS): pyramidal, cerebellar, brainstem, sensory, bowel and bladder, visual, cerebral, and other. Frequency and severity of each FS correlates strongly with DSS scores. In treatment trials, change of one full step on (E)DSS can be used to define improvement or worsening for each patient.
A requirements-based software process maturity model

ix PART ONE: BACKGROUND Chapter One: Introduction 3 1.1 An overview of the requirements engineering process 4 1.2 The requirements engineering process defined 5 1.2. 1 The requirements process is `engineered' 5 1.3 The RE problem 6 1.4 RE process solutions 7 1.5 Modelling the RE process 7 1.5. 1 Generic qualities of the model 8 1.6 Project motivation 9 1.6. 1 Software process improvement 9 1.6. 2 Advantages of adapting the SW-CMM 10 1.7 Complementary work 11 1.8 Research aims 12 1.9 Contribution to knowledge 12 1.10 Methodology 13 1.11 Overview of Thesis 15 1.12 Relationship between this research and the PPP project 20 Chapter Two: The RE Process and the Software CMM 21 2.
Network Intrusion Detection Algorithm Based on Improved Support Vector Machine

With the rapid development of Internet and information technology, detecting network intrusion behaviors have been attracted more and more attentions. In this paper, we proposed a novel network intrusion detection algorithm using a hybrid ant colony and support vector machine model. Main ideas of SVM are that it denotes a representation of the examples as points in space, and examples of the separate categories are separated by a gap. Afterwards, framework of the detecting network intrusion system is given, which is designed to promote the accuracy of detecting network intrusion by optimizing parameters of support vector machine with ant colony algorithm. Finally, four types of network attack behaviors are utilized in this experiment, that is, a) DOS, b) R2L, c) U2R, and d) Probe. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to detect network intrusion with high accuracy.