Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WELL-BALANCED AND ASYMPTOTIC PRESERVING SCHEMES FOR KINETIC MODELS

In this paper, we propose a general framework for designing numerical schemes that have both well-balanced (WB) and asymptotic preserving (AP) properties, for various kinds of kinetic models. We are interested in two different parameter regimes, 1) When the ratio between the mean free path and the characteristic macroscopic length e tends to zero, the density can be described by (advection) diffusion type (linear or nonlinear) macroscopic models; 2) When e = O(1), the models behave like hyperbolic equations with source terms and we are interested in their steady states. We apply the framework to three different kinetic models: neutron transport equation and its diffusion limit, the transport equation for chemotaxis and its Keller-Segel limit, and grey radiative transfer equation and its nonlinear diffusion limit. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the properties of the schemes.
Distance measurements to early-type galaxies by improving the fundamental plane

Using SDSS DR15 to its full extent, we derived fundamental plane distances to over 317 000 early-type galaxies up to a redshift of 0.4. In addition to providing the largest sample of fundamental plane distances ever calculated, as well as a well calibrated group catalogue covering the entire SDSS spectroscopic footprint as far a redshift of 0.5, we present several improvements reaching beyond the traditional definition of the fundamental plane. In one approach, we adjusted the distances by removing systematic biases and selection effects in redshift-magnitude space, thereby greatly improving the quality of measurements. Alternatively, by expanding the traditional fundamental plane by additional terms, we managed to remove systematic biases caused by the selection of our SDSS spectroscopic galaxy sample as well as notably reducing its scatter. We discuss the advantages and caveats of these various methods and calibrations in detail. We found that improving the fundamental plane distance estimates beyond the established methods requires a delicate balancing act between various systematic biases and gains, but managed to reduce the uncertainty of our distance measurements by about a factor of two compared to the traditional fundamental plane.
Numerical Methods for Bayesian Inference given a Normal Prior or Likelihood

We review several numerical methods for making inference from the posterior distribution if either the prior or the likelihood function (when viwed as a function of the parameter of interest and not as a fucntion of the data) is a normal distribution. We consider the following techniques: • quadrature methods • adaptive quadrature methods • monte-carlo integration • rejection sampling • random-walk Metropolis One of the contentions of frequentists against the Bayesians is the need to calculate multidimentional integrals which are difficult to compute and analyze. However, with the advent of faster chips, computional power is no longer a scarce recourse. Hence, there is a shift (in my view) in computational statistics from providing computationally feasible solutions to obtaining numerically accurate results. Notation: • y data • θ parameter vector • L(y; θ) Likelihood function, but will write L(θ) to emphasize that we are viewing it as a function of θ rather than of data • π ∼ N (µ, Σ) prior density normally distributed with mean µ and covari-ance Σ • p posterior density • E expectiotion w.r. t to the posterior distribution • E π expectiotion w.r. t to the prior distribution • g(θ) a function of θ that is of interest for inference Quadrature methods Please see [1] for an introduction to numerical integration methods. If the weight function is in the form exp(−θ 2), one can use Guass-Hermite quadrature method of numerical integration. For demonstration purpose, we assume a bivariate normal prior. The posterior expectation of a function g(θ) is given as : E[g(θ)] = g(θ)L(θ) π(θ) dθ (1)
Metabolic and Stress Response Changes Precede Disease Onset in the Spinal Cord of Mutant SOD1 ALS Mice

Many Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients experience hypermetabolism, or an increase in measured vs. calculated metabolic rate. The cause of hypermetabolism and the effects on neuronal metabolism in ALS are currently unknown, but the efficacy of dietary interventions shows promise for metabolism as an ALS therapeutic target. The goal of this study is to measure changes in metabolic pathways as a function of disease progression in spinal cords of the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of protein expression for metabolic pathways, antioxidants, chaperones, and proteases in lumbar spinal cord from male SOD1G93A mice at pre-onset, onset, and end-stages of the disease using targeted proteomic analysis. These results reveal that protein content of metabolic proteins including proteins involved in glycolysis, β-oxidation, and mitochondrial metabolism is altered in SOD1G93A mouse spinal cord well before disease onset. The changes in mitochondrial metabolism proteins are associated with decreased maximal respiration and glycolytic flux in SOD1G93A dermal fibroblasts and increased hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxide production in mitochondria from sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle fibers at end stage of disease. Consistent with redox dysregulation, expression of the glutathione antioxidant system is decreased, and peroxiredoxins and catalase expression are increased. In addition, stress response proteases and chaperones, including those involved in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), are induced before disease onset. In summary, we report that metabolic and stress response changes occur in SOD1G93A lumbar spinal cord before motor symptom onset, and are primarily caused by SOD1G93A expression and do not vary greatly as a function of disease course.
Quasi-isometry classification of certain right-angled Coxeter groups

We investigate the quasi-isometry classification of the right-angled Coxeter groups W_\Gamma\ which are 1-ended and have triangle-free defining graph \Gamma. We begin by characterising those W_\Gamma\ which split over 2-ended subgroups, and those which are cocompact Fuchsian, in terms of properties of \Gamma. This allows us to apply a theorem of Papasoglu to distinguish several quasi-isometry classes. We then carry out a complete quasi-isometry classification of the hyperbolic W_\Gamma\ with \Gamma\ a generalised \Theta\ graph. For this we use Bowditch's JSJ tree and the quasi-isometries of "fattened trees" introduced by Behrstock--Neumann. Combined with a commensurability classification due to Crisp--Paoluzzi, it follows that there are right-angled Coxeter groups which are quasi-isometric but not commensurable. Finally, we generalise the work of Crisp--Paoluzzi.
Using Memory Allocation Schemes in Linux to Exploit DRAM Vulnerability: with Rowhammer as a Case Study

Modern operating systems use a number of different techniques and mechanisms to improve system throughput and performance. But some of these optimizations can passively leak crucial side-channel information regarding sensitive data that is being processed and stored in the system. In this paper, we talk about one such optimization mechanism prevalent in modern Linux based operating system, called page frame cache, which is an integral part of physical memory allocation subsystem. It is a purely software cache storing the page frames that are recently being released by the process or processes running on the corresponding CPU. We show that an adversary can force the kernel to allocate specific page frames to a victim process, running on the same CPU. We also discuss about the possibility of a practical scenario where the adversary can conduct Rowhammer attack to induce bit flips in the victim’s page using only user level privilege.
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In most large-scale real-world pattern classification problems, there is always some explicit information besides given training data, namely prior knowledge, with which the training data are organized. In this paper, we proposed a framework for incorporating this kind of prior knowledge into the training of min-max modular (M) classifier to improve learning performance. In order to evaluate the proposed method, we perform experiments on a large-scale Japanese patent classification problem and consider two kinds of prior knowledge included in patent documents: patent’s publishing date and the hierarchical structure of patent classification system. In the experiments, traditional support vector machine (SVM) and M-SVM without prior knowledge are adopted as baseline classifiers. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the baseline classifiers in terms of training cost and generalization accuracy. Moreover, M-SVM with prior knowledge is found to be much more robust than traditional support vector machine to noisy dated patent samples, which is crucial for incremental learning.
A finite volume approach to large eddy simulation of compressible, homogeneous, isotropic, decaying turbulence

Large eddy simulation of compressible, homogeneous, isotropic, decaying turbulence in a rectangular box is performed using finite volume techniques. An analysis of the energy spectra obtained from the simulations shows that an agreement with the Kolmogorov law for the inertial range is found only when an appropriate spatial discretization method is used. This agreement is obtained both for a low (0·05) and a moderate (0·6) Mach number when Smagorinsky's subgrid model is employed.
THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING IN DEBT CONTRACT RENEGOTIATIONS : EVIDENCE FROM POSITIVE SHOCKS by Kexin

Using a hand-collected sample of private debt contracts between U.S. publicly traded firms and financial institutions, I examine the role of accounting in the renegotiation of debt contracts following a positive shock to the borrower's credit quality. I find that, following a positive shock to their credit quality, firms with more timely reporting of good news are more likely to renegotiate their loan contracts and they do so sooner than firms with less timely good news reporting. Further, these effects are more pronounced for firms whose positive shocks can be more credibly communicated through financial reporting. My paper contributes to the literature on the role of accounting information in debt contract renegotiations. Thesis Supervisor: Joseph Weber Title: George Maverick Bunker Professor of Management, Professor of Accounting
New technique for the complicated canalicular injuries

In lacrimal system lacerations the canaliculi are involved in many of cases. Canalicular lacerations need urgent primary microsurgical repair. During surgery, it is extremely difficult to find the medial ostium of the canaliculi in severely damaged canaliculi cuts. In this instance, pigtail probe helps surgeon locate the medial portion of the cut canaliculi. In this study, a new technique has been presented for the complicated canalicular injuries. With this new technique the knot will stay in the nasal cavity unexposed, therefore the patients will be more comfortable during their recovery period.
1. What’s in a Name?

T is perhaps the most emotive, pejorative term in the English language. The nation’s leadership has used it to justify policies and actions that the American public would abhor in virtually any other context. US presidents have authorized the use of sabotage, skyjacking, military coups, mass deportations, and assassination when responding to terrorism. They have used secret courts to prosecute suspected terrorists based on hearsay testimony and guilt by association. They have reserved the right to imprison American citizens and deport aliens who financially support terrorist groups, even in cases when those implicated have been unaware of the illegal activities. They have held Americans accused of terrorist activity in solitary confinement for more than two years without the benefit of a trial. They have granted military tribunals jurisdiction over terrorism cases involving immigrants, abandoned the evidentiary standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt, and exempted tribunal decisions from appellate review. Indefinite confinement of alleged terrorists and public contemplation of government-endorsed torture demonstrate the extremes US leadership will consider in the fight against terrorism. The public will never know the full extent of terrorism’s influence on American culture. Classified presidential papers, the reluctance of government officials to discuss matters of national security openly, and the secrecy of related judicial proceedings ensure that much of the nation’s battle against terrorism will remain beyond the scrutiny of the average citizen. Nevertheless, what can be known about actions undertaken in the name of terrorism can be revealing. One former senior administration official admitted he ignored a direct order from his commander in chief because of his confidence in his own plan for responding to terrorism (Turner 67). Another advocated a military attack on a foreign country allegedly involved in terrorism, believing the action would have a positive influence on the outcome of an upcoming presidential election.1 Still others have leaked false information to members of the media, including the rumor that a foreign leader believed to be involved in terrorism was a cross-dresser! 2
Applications as for

Buckled hollow carbon nanospheres (BHCS) integrate several attractive properties desired for a variety of potential applications. However, the development of a feasible and simple method for preparing BHCS nanoparticles remains a great challenge. Herein, we present a facile strategy for fabricating monodisperse BHCSs via the compression of intact hollow carbon nanospheres (HCSs) with improved mechanical strength. The essence of our strategy lies in the successful preparation of robust HCSs that can sustain large mechanical deformation during compression, based on the introduction of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the synthesis of HCS template. Both experiments and finite element analyses are conducted to probe deformation mechanism of buckling, suggesting the residual stress introduced by pyrolysis of precursors plays a predominant role in the buckling process. Furthermore, the use of BHCSs as high-performance supercapacitors is demonstrated. Our work provides important insights in the engineering of robust amorphous carbon nanomaterials by template method and mechanical modulation, and provides an innovative synthetic strategy for fabricating asymmetric hollow spheres with potential for a diversity of applications. and HCSs 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 Two were performed for each experimental All measurements were performed in duplicate. The two are 30 (cid:181)m
Delimitacja obszarów funkcjonalnych małych i średnich miast w regionie łódzkim

Celem opracowania jest delimitacja obszarów funkcjonalnych małych i średnich miast regionu łódzkiego. Artykuł stanowi część szerszego badania poświęconego delimitacji miejskich obszarów funkcjonalnych w całej Polsce. Najważniejszym elementem analizy jest propozycja autorskiej metody delimitacji obszarów funkcjonalnych małych i średnich miast z zastosowaniem powiązań funkcjonalnych. Badania testowe zaprezentowane w artykule są prowadzone na zbiorze 25 ośrodków miejskich województwa łódzkiego. Wnioski płynące z badania wskazują, że to nie wielkość, liczona liczbą mieszkańców, jest decydującym czynnikiem kształtującym zakres przestrzenny miejskich obszarów funkcjonalnych. Większą rolę odgrywa położenie miasta oraz jego funkcja administracyjna.
Research Statement – He Wang 1 Overview

My main research interests are in algebraic topology and group theory, and their interactions with algebra, geometry and combinatorics. In early work with X. Liu [18, 19], we studied the stable homotopy theory of spheres using the May spectral sequence and the Adams spectral sequence. In a paper with X. Liu and W. Li [17], we described differentials in a certain spectral sequence converging to the twisted de Rham cohomology of a smooth manifold using higher-order Massey products. In recent work with A. Suciu [23, 24, 26, 25], we investigate several general properties of commutative differential graded algebra (CDGA) models and various Lie algebras of spaces and groups, especially their formality properties, the way such properties behave under change of coefficient field, and the way they relate to cohomology jump loci. Applying the general machinery we have developed to some important families of groups, we have answered several questions regarding the structure of pure virtual and pure welded braid groups. I have also worked with K. Igusa [15] on the classification of fibrations realizing long exact sequences of abelian groups. My research plans involve both a development of present work, and branching out in new directions. I will investigate the many and varied connections among the characteristic varieties and resonance varieties of spaces and CDGA models, and Bieri-Neumann-Strebel invariants of the fundamental groups. and I will explore the relationship between the ranks of the Chen Lie algebras and the dimensions of the resonance varieties of the CDGA models of groups. I will explore these notions in the context of pure braid groups on Riemann surfaces, graphic configuration spaces, picture groups from the quiver representations, etc. In each section of this statement, I will provide some background and motivation, state our results, and follow with some of my plans for future research and expected applications.
The Effect of Stress on Consumer Saving and Spending

In examining how stress influences consumer saving and spending, the authors propose that consumers who experience a stressful situation allocate their resources strategically to gain control of their environment. A series of studies shows that this strategic allocation of resources occurs in two ways. Consumers experiencing stress may show increased saving behavior, which assures them that monetary resources will be available when needed. Alternatively, consumers experiencing stress may show increased spending behavior, directed specifically toward products that the consumer perceives to be necessities and that allow for control in an otherwise uncontrollable environment. This conceptualization and the related findings can inform assessments of when stress will lead to beneficial or impulsive consumer behaviors.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ АМИНОГЛИКОЗИДНЫХ АНТИБИОТИКОВ В ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОДУКТАХ МЕТОДОМ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦИОННОГО ФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНОГО ИММУНОАНАЛИЗА

Разработаны методики определения аминогликозидных антибиотиков (гентамицин, канамицин, стрептомицин, амикацин, неомицин) в пищевых продуктах методом поляризационного флуоресцентного иммуноанализа (FPIA). Исследовано влияние размера и структуры флуоресцентной молекулы на степень поляризации флуоресценции. Рассчитаны константы трейсеров и аффинности поликлональных антител, оптимизированы рабочие концентрации трейсеров и антител, обеспечивающие максимальное значение аналитического сигнала. Методики апробированы для анализа куриного мяса, яиц, молока.
Sequential State Representations

1 1 2 Title: 3 A NEURAL REPRESENTATION OF SEQUENTIAL STATES 4 WITHIN AN INSTRUCTED TASK 5 6 Abbreviated title: Sequential State Representations 7 8 9 Authors: Michael Campos, Boris Breznen, and Richard A. Andersen 10 Computation and Neural Systems, Division of Biology, Caltech 11 Corresponding author: Michael Campos, MC 216-76 Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 12 Corresponding author email: mcampos@caltech.edu 13 14 Number of Figures and Tables: 9 Figures, 0 Tables 15
Laboratory testing of emotion and frontal cortex

Vallar G (1993). The anatomical basis of spatial hemineglect in humans. In: IH Robertson, JC Marshall (Eds.), Unilateral Neglect: Clinical and Experimental Studies. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hove, UK, pp. 27-59. Wapner W, Judd T, Gardner H (1978). Visual agnosia in an artist. Cortex 14: 343-364. Watson JD, Myers R, Frackowiak RS, et al. (1993). Area V5 of the human brain: Evidence from a combined study using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Cereb Cortex 3: 79-94. Zeki SM (1990). A century of cerebral achromatopsia. Brain 113: 1721-1177. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 88 (3rd series) Neuro]JsycholoRY and behavioral neurology G, Goldenberg, B.L. Miller, Editors 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
La formulation et le développement d’un modèle de mesure du capital intellectuel dans les universités publiques espagnoles

Les approches fondees sur le capital intellectuel deviennent essentielles dans les universites en raison du fait, surtout, que les connaissances sont a la fois le principal produit et la principale ressource de ces etablissements. Meme si certains ont essaye de mesurer le capital intellectuel, il reste beaucoup a faire. Le present article a pour objectif de proposer un modele de mesure du capital intellectuel dans les etablissements d’enseignement superieur. Nous utilisons les resultats d’une etude menee dans des universites publiques espagnoles pour determiner les elements tangibles a mesurer et presentons un nouveau cadre de mesure et de gestion du capital intellectuel.Remarques a l’intention des praticiensLa principale utilite de notre article est qu’il valide et justifie les principaux elements tangibles et indicateurs qui doivent composer le capital intellectuel des universites. Le modele de capital intellectuel que nous proposons aidera les universites a presenter des informations qui soient utiles a leurs parties prenantes, et contribue ainsi a ameliorer la transparence, l’imputabilite et la comparabilite dans le secteur de l’enseignement superieur. Notre article contient des recommandations interessantes et precises en ce qui concerne les methodes de presentation des informations sur le capital intellectuel dans les universites. La creation d’un cadre de presentation des informations sur le capital intellectuel facilite les analyses et etudes comparatives, ce qui facilite les processus decisionnels, ameliore la definition des politiques publiques et ameliore la transparence dans l’ensemble du systeme.
A User's Guide to Principal Components.

Preface.Introduction. 1. Getting Started.2. PCA with More Than Two Variables.3. Scaling of Data.4. Inferential Procedures.5. Putting It All Together-Hearing Loss I.6. Operations with Group Data.7. Vector Interpretation I : Simplifications and Inferential Techniques.8. Vector Interpretation II: Rotation.9. A Case History-Hearing Loss II.10. Singular Value Decomposition: Multidimensional Scaling I.11. Distance Models: Multidimensional Scaling II.12. Linear Models I : Regression PCA of Predictor Variables.13. Linear Models II: Analysis of Variance PCA of Response Variables.14. Other Applications of PCA.15. Flatland: Special Procedures for Two Dimensions.16. Odds and Ends.17. What is Factor Analysis Anyhow? 18. Other Competitors.Conclusion. Appendix A. Matrix Properties.Appendix B. Matrix Algebra Associated with Principal Component Analysis.Appendix C. Computational Methods.Appendix D. A Directory of Symbols and Definitions for PCA.Appendix E. Some Classic Examples.Appendix F. Data Sets Used in This Book.Appendix G. Tables.Bibliography. Author Index.Subject Index.