Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Class Conflict: Diffuse Competition between Mammalian and Reptilian Predators

(1) Diffuse competition affects per capita rates of population increase among species that exploit similar resources, and thus can be an important structuring force in ecological communities. Diffuse competition has traditionally been studied within taxonomically similar groups, although distantly related intraguild species are likely also to compete to some degree. (2) We assessed diffuse competition between mammalian and reptilian predators at sites in central Australia over 24 years. Specifically, we investigated the effect of dasyurid marsupial abundance on the diet breadth of three groups of lizards (nocturnal dietary generalists, diurnal dietary generalists and dietary specialists). (3) Nocturnal generalist lizards had progressively narrower diets as dasyurid abundance increased. The diet breadth of diurnal generalist lizards was unaffected by overall dasyurid abundance, but was restricted by that of the largest dasyurid species (Dasycercus blythi). Ant- and termite-specialist lizards were unaffected by dasyurid abundance. (4) Diffuse competition, mediated by interference, between dasyurids and nocturnal generalist lizards appears to have strong effects on these lizards, and is the first such between-class interaction to be described. Diffuse interactions may be widespread in natural communities, and merit further investigation among other disparate taxon groups that occur in the same ecological guilds.
Influence des variations spatio-temporelles de l’environnement sur la distribution actuelle de la diversité génétique des populations

Ce projet vise a comprendre comment la structure genetique intra-specifique d'especes vegetales tropicales emblematiques et de l’espece humaine a ete affectee par les variations spatio-temporelles de l’environnement actuel et passe. Nous avons developpe une approche d’inference genetique basee sur la theorie de la coalescence pour evaluer l’influence potentielle des changements climatiques passes sur l’evolution de la distribution geographique et de la diversite genetique neutre et/ou adaptative d’Amborella trichopoda Baill. en Nouvelle-Caledonie (espece-sœur des angiospermes, donnees NGS et microsatellites), de Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehn en Afrique tropicale (cafeier Robusta, donnees NGS) et de populations europeenne et africaine (Luhya, Kenya) d’humains anatomiquement modernes (donnees NGS issues du Projet 1000 Genomes). Nos travaux suggerent que les fluctuations climatiques du Pleistocene tardif ont joue un role majeur sur l’evolution de la diversite genetique des especes etudiees de milieux tropicaux et temperes, avec une empreinte remarquable du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire (DMG, 21 000 ans avant le present). Les contractions demographiques associees a la glaciation planetaire ont vraisemblablement conduit a la divergence entre les lignees genetiques d’Amborella et participe a l’accumulation des differences genetiques entre les lignees de C. canephora. Nos resultats suggerent que les evenements de glaciation planetaire ont probablement entraine une differenciation genetique idiosyncratique dans les forets tropicales humides mais l’intensite de cette reponse semble avoir varie entre especes. Nous avons egalement identifie de nombreux evenements passes de selection dans les genomes de la population humaine europeenne qui ont ete vraisemblablement provoquees par les conditions environnementales au cours du DMG. Les adaptations phenotypiques associees ont probablement assure le maintien de l’expansion demographique en depit des pressions de selection nouvelles auxquelles les populations etaient confrontees au cours du dernier âge glaciaire en Europe.
Assessing sensorimotor integration in adults who stutter by a behavioral task using perceptual adaptation of frequency-altered auditory feedback

Daichi Iimura , Nobuhiko Asakura, Takafumi Sasaoka and Toshio Inui Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701–0193 Japan Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305–8577 Japan Center for Mathematical Modeling and Data Science, Osaka University, 1–3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, 560–8531 Japan Brain, Mind, and KANSEI Sciences Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1–2–3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734–8553 Japan Department of Psychology, Otemon Gakuin University, 2–1–15 Nishiai, Ibaraki, 567–8502 Japan
Blame it on the Rain: The Effects of Weather Shocks on Formal Rural Employment in Colombia

Episodes of excessive or low rainfall have not only become more frequent, but also more severe. These events can affect agricultural production and local labor markets. By combining social security records, that allow us to measure formal employment, with administrative data from weather stations, we estimate the effects of municipality-level precipitation shocks on formal rural employment in Colombia, as well as country-wide events like El Nino and La Nina phenomena. Fixed effects estimates show that episodes of excessive rainfall—measured as those that are above the 80th percentile of historical mean precipitation in the last 30 years for each municipality—have a negative impact on formal employment in rural areas for both the agricultural and non-agricultural sector, ranging from -2.2 percent to -3 percent, respectively. Likewise, we find that both El Nino and La Nina phenomena have a negative impact on total formal employment in rural areas. Additionally, we explore if the effect of rain shocks varies depending on the access to irrigation and drainage technologies, finding that municipalities with high prevalence of irrigation systems are less affected by episodes of low rainfall. **** RESUMEN: Los episodios de excesiva o poca precipitacion no solo se han vuelto mas frecuentes sino que cada vez son mas severos. Estos eventos pueden afectar la produccion agricola y las dinamicas de los mercados laborales locales. Combinando registros de seguridad social, que nos permiten identificar empleo formal, con datos administrativos de las estaciones meteorologicas, estimamos los efectos de los choques de lluvia a nivel municipal sobre el empleo formal rural en Colombia, al igual que el impacto de los fenomenos de El Nino y La Nina. Los estimadores de efectos fijos muestran que los episodios de excesiva precipitacion, medidos como aquellos que se ubican por encima del percentil 80 de la distribucion historica para cada municipio, tienen un impacto negativo sobre el empleo formal rural tanto para el sector agricola como para el no agricola, ubicandose entre -2.2 y -3 por ciento, respectivamente. De igual forma, encontramos que los fenomenos de El Nino y La Nina tienen un impacto negativo sobre el empleo formal rural. Adicionalmente, exploramos si el efecto de los choques de lluvia depende del acceso a sistemas de riego, encontrando que municipios con alta incidencia de estos mecanismos de irrigacion son menos propensos a verse afectados por episodios de poca precipitacion.
Cogging torque sensitivity considering imperfect magnet positioning for permanent magnet machines of different slot and pole count

This work is about analyzing surface mounted permanent magnet machines regarding their sensitiveness related to erroneous magnet positioning. A finite element analysis based approach is presented and different topologies in terms of slot and pole count are compared. The study further includes the analysis of multiple magnet widths and stator teeth widths. By contrast to most of previous studies, the work is based on evaluating the cumulative distribution function of the cogging torque in case of non-idealities. A Monte Carlo importance sampling based strategy is focused. This approach facilitates studying arbitrary tolerance distributions. Results reveal that topologies with particularly promising rated cogging torque behaviour exhibit the most significant performance degradation in presence of tolerances. A linear relationship is identified for cogging torque performance as function of the accuracy in magnet positioning. Results emphasize the necessity of tolerance analyses for electric machine design to not overrate their performance in the presence of manufacturing uncertainties.
Palynology from Ground Zero of the Chicxulub Impact, Southern Gulf of Mexico

ABSTRACT Palynological analysis of Site M0077A in the Chicxulub impact crater has yielded a record of the immediate Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) recovery from ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, followed by a record of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and later Ypresian (Eocene), including the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). Eight specimens of the dinoflagellate cyst Trithyrodinium evittii have been observed near the base of the K/Pg transitional unit; these likely represent a post-impact dinoflagellate disaster recovery assemblage deposited within several days following the impact, although the possibility that some or all of the T. evittii specimens are reworked Maastrichtian cysts cannot be fully excluded. Despite high-resolution sampling of the lowermost Paleocene successions, the oldest identifiable terrestrial palynomorphs observed in the Site M0077A core, two specimens of Deltoidospora fern spores, occur at least ∼200,000 years after the impact. Other than these occurrences, the Paleocene section is nearly barren in terms of palynomorphs, likely a result of poor preservation of organic material combined with a long recovery time for vegetation in the vicinity of the crater. Pollen and fungal spore concentrations spike in an anoxic dark shale deposited during the PETM around 56 Ma, with a diverse pollen assemblage indicating the presence of a coastal shrubby tropical forest in the geographic vicinity, likely in the Yucatán Peninsula to the south. In the marine realm, this interval is characterized by thermophilic assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts. Stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis identified four statistically robust sample clusters in the lower Eocene successions, with Malvacipollis spp. and Milfordia spp. abundances driving the highest average dissimilarity between clusters. A second notable spike in palynological concentrations above the PETM section may represent another early Eocene hyperthermal event. Pollen and plant spore concentrations generally increased during the EECO, associated with increases in terrestrial input during basin infilling.
Elevated CO2 and temperature alter specific‐species population dynamic and interspecific competition of three wheat aphids

Atmospheric warming, combined with projected atmospheric carbon dioxide (ab. CO2) level arising, may have marked ecological effects on growth of agricultural crop plants, and in turn affect the higher trophic level of insect herbivores. In this study, the effects of elevated CO2 (i.e., 650 μL/L vs. ambient 400 μL/L) and temperature (ab. T; ambient vs. ambient +0.6°C) on the population abundance and the interspecific competition among three co‐occurring species of wheat aphids (Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi and Schizaphis graminum) were studied. The results indicated that wheat plants had higher biomass and yields when grown under elevated CO2 in contrast to ambient CO2, and elevated T had no significant effect on the biomass and yields of wheat plants. Elevated CO2 significantly decreased the population dynamic level of S. avenae, and increased the population dynamic levels of R. padi and S. graminum; Elevated T significantly decreased the population dynamic level of S. avenae and significantly increased the population dynamic level of R. padi. Moreover, elevated T significantly decreased the niche breadth of S. avenae and S. graminum, respectively, while elevated CO2 had no significant effect on the three species niche breadth. Furthermore, elevated CO2 and T both significantly increased the niche overlap index (ab. NOI) between S. avenae and R. padi, as well as between R. padi and S. graminus, elevated T significantly reduced the NOI between S. avenae and S. graminus. This study provides evidence that elevated CO2 and T can alter the species‐specific population abundance of three wheat aphids, and aggravate two major interspecific competition among these three co‐occurring species of wheat aphids by increasing their spatial overlap.
Modern approaches to multiclass intent classification based on pre-trained transformers

the multiclass classiﬁcation results. Method. This study uses a comparative model analysis technique. In turn, each model is inlined into a common pipeline for data preparing and clearing, and the model training but with regard to its speciﬁc requirements. The following models applied in real projects have been selected for comparison: Logistic Regression + TF-IDF, Logistic Regression + FastText, LSTM + FastText, Conv1D + FastText, BERT, and XLM. The sequence of models corresponds to their historical origin, but in practice these models are used without regard to the time period of their creation but depending on the effectiveness of the problem being solved. Main Results. The effectiveness of the multiclass classiﬁcation models on real data is studied. Comparison results of modern practical approaches are described. In particular, XLM conﬁrms the superiority of transformers over other approaches. An assumption is made considering the reason why the transformers show such a gap. The advantages and disadvantages of modern approaches are described. Practical Relevance. From a practical point of view, the results of this study can be used for projects that require automatic classiﬁcation of intentions, as part of a complex system (voice assistant, chatbot or other system), as well as an independent system. The pipeline designed during the study can be applied for comparison and selection of the most effective model for speciﬁc data sets, both in scientiﬁc research and production.
A new Construction Method of Vehicle Digital Camouflage Spraying Model

Digital camouflage plays an important role in improving the combat performance of vehicles. The reconstruction of the spraying model of the automobile surface can improve the automation level of the digital camouflage painting operation. The surface digital camouflage spraying model construction method is a processing flow that incorporates a variety of technical methods, including surface point cloud data collection technology, point cloud synthesis and segmentation method, surface model reconstruction method and spray pattern fusion technology. Four linear laser sensors are used to scan the vehicle surface to obtain the local point cloud data of the vehicle. The vehicle CAD model and the painting pattern figures are analysed. And the region growing segmentation method is used to subdivide the scanned point cloud data. For the point cloud after partitioning, the point set of the digital camouflage pattern is directly searched by using the constructed discrete metric. Then each point cloud is merged with the 2D camouflage pattern to obtain the digital camouflage spraying model of the vehicle surface.
Choreography of budding yeast chromosomes during the cell cycle

To ensure the proper transmission of the genetic information, DNA molecules must be faithfully duplicated and segregated. These processes involve dynamic modifications of chromosomes internal structure to promote their individualization, as well as their global repositioning into daughter cells (Guacci et al., 1994; Kleckner et al., 2014; Mizuguchi et al., 2014). In eukaryotes, these events are regulated by conserved architectural proteins, such as structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC i.e. cohesin and condensin) complexes (Aragon et al., 2013a; Uhlmann, 2016). Although the roles of these factors have been actively investigated, the genome-wide chromosomal architecture and dynamics both at small and large-scales during cell division remains elusive. Here we report a comprehensive Hi-C (Dekker et al., 2002; Lieberman-Aiden et al., 2009) analysis of the dynamic changes of chromosomes structure over the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. We uncover specific SMC-dependent structural transitions between the different phases of the mitotic cycle. During replication, cohesion establishment promotes the increase of long-range intra-chromosomal contacts. This process correlates with the individualization of chromosomes, which culminates at metaphase. Mitotic chromosomes are then abruptly reorganized in anaphase by the mechanical forces exerted by the mitotic spindle on the centromere cluster. The formation of a condensin-dependent loop, that bridges centromere cluster with the cenproximal flanking region of the rDNA, suggests that these forces may directly facilitate nucleolus segregation. This work provides a comprehensive overview of chromosome dynamics during the cell cycle of a unicellular eukaryote that recapitulates and unveils new features of highly conserved stages of the cell division.
Estrutura de capital e financial distress em empresas familiares e não familiares brasileiras

Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar a influencia da estrutura de capital no financial distress em empresas familiares e nao familiares brasileiras. Realizou-se pesquisa descritiva, documental e quantitativa. A amostra abrangeu 137 empresas, sendo 65 familiares e 72 nao familiares, analisadas de 2011 a 2017. Observou-se, por meio de tres medidas – endividamento total, de longo prazo e oneroso –, que a estrutura de capital influencia na probabilidade de financial distress tanto de empresas familiares como de organizacoes nao familiares. Mais importante, tem-se que estas medidas divergem de sinal tanto entre elas como em funcao da gestao e propriedade corporativa (se familiar ou nao familiar). Assim, a contribuicao deste estudo perpassa pelo reconhecimento de que gestores, investidores e outras partes interessadas devem observar as medidas de estrutura de capital de forma distinta para reconhecerem o evento de financial distress e, em funcao disto, tomarem decisoes assertivas diante de seus interesses subjacentes.
Relational and Logistical Dimensions of Agricultural Food Recovery: Evidence from California Growers and Recovery Organizations

Efforts to recover on-farm food losses by emergency food organizations or businesses serving secondary markets have been promoted as a “win–win” solution to both food waste and hunger. We examined what it will take to realize this potential, drawing on interviews with 35 fresh produce growers and 15 representatives from food recovery organizations in California. By taking grower constraints seriously and identifying key dynamics in their relationships with food recovery partners, we provide a textured account of the relevant logistical and relational challenges and promising solutions. Our research makes three specific contributions: (1) providing a straightforward conceptual rubric to clarify when food recovery partnerships are likely to be more or less difficult to achieve; (2) highlighting key relational strategies or approaches that make success more likely, even if logistical barriers appear daunting; and (3) emphasizing the dynamic, developmental, and context-specific nature of recovery partnerships, such that “what works” will necessarily change over time and across different settings. Based on our analysis, successful partnerships require investments of time and attention that are in short supply, but necessary to establish and sustain recovery relationships. The path forward appears less rosy than presumed by those who focus on statistics suggesting a large recovery potential, but also more promising than presumed by those who see the structural challenges (both economic/logistical and social/relational) as inherently insurmountable.
Mid‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy of aubrite components

Aubrites Peña Blanca Spring and Norton County were studied in the mid‐infrared reflectance as part of a database for the MERTIS (Mercury Radiometer and Thermal Infrared Spectrometer) instrument on the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury. Spectra of bulk powder size fractions from Peña Blanca Spring show enstatite Reststrahlen bands (RB) at 9 µm, 9.3 µm, 9.9 µm, 10.4 µm, and 11.6 µm. The transparency feature (TF) is at 12.7 µm, the Christiansen feature (CF) at 8.1–8.4 µm. Micro‐FTIR of spots with enstatite composition in Norton County and Peña Blanca Spring shows four types: Types I and II are similar to the bulk powder spectra but vary in band shape and probably display axis orientation. Type III has characteristic strong RB at 9.2 µm, 10.4 µm, and 10.5 µm, and at 11.3 µm. Type IV is characterized by a strong RB at 10.8−11.1 µm. Types III and IV could show signs of incipient shock metamorphism. Bulk results of this study confirm earlier spectral studies of aubrites that indicate a high degree of homogeneity and probably make the results of this study representative for spectral studies of an aubrite parent body. Spectral types I and II occur in all mineralogical settings (mineral clasts, matrix, melt, fragments in melt vein), while spectral type III was only observed among the clasts, and type IV in the melt. Comparison with surface spectra of Mercury does not obtain a suitable fit, only type IV spectra from quenched impact glass show similarity, in particular the 11 µm feature. Results of this study will be available upon request or via the IRIS database (Münster) and the Berlin Emissivity Database (BED).
Growth and nutrients content of Atriplex canescens across a soil electric conductivity gradient

Atriplex canescens canopy cover, biomass production, and nutrient content were evaluated after four years of livestock grazing exclusion and mechanical shrub removal, except A. canescensin an arid rangeland with a slightly saline soil and with a long history of heavy livestock grazing in the southern Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico (24° N). Twenty 3 × 3 m paddocks were established in terrains with three levels of electric conductivity (EC): <1.4 dS/m (n=7), 1.4–1.6 dS/m (n=7) and >1.6 dS/m. Atriplex canescens canopy cover was higher (49.5%; p<0.01) on paddocks with soil EC >1.6 dS/m than paddocks with soil EC <1.4 and 1.4–1.6 dS/m (32.1 and 22.9%, respectively). Above-ground biomass did not differ between paddocks with soils with EC of <1.4 and 1.4–1.6 dS/m (1309 ± 535 and 1372 ± 180 kg DM/ha), but biomass increased 2.7 times (p<0.01) when soil EC was greater than 1.6 dS/m. The soil EC had no effect on the levels of crude protein (range 13.6 to 14.3%), neutral detergent fiber (range 56.5 to 57.7%) and ash (range 14.5 to 16.4%). In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the foliage of A. canescens was not affected by of soil EC level (range 60.4 to 62.2%). It was concluded that in an arid rangeland with slight saline soil, the increase in salinity favors canopy cover and biomass production of A. canescens without altering nutrient content and IVDMD of this fodder shrub.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOME SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDS ON FOOD CONSUMPTION AND BODY WEIGHT OF CAGED HONEYBEES

For beekeeping profitability even in droughty years, beekeepers replace natural bee food sources (pollen, nectar) with alternative food recipes based on energy syrups and protein flour, which determines certain consequences on the overall status of bee colonies and implicitly on their productions. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of feeding with energy and energy-protein sources on food consumption and body weight of caged honeybees, during a 30 days period. Food consumption recorded the highest values for bees that received only energy feed, and the lowest values for those with energy-protein feed. Regarding to energy food, honey consumption recorded higher values than those of energy syrup consumption. The introducing of protein substances into food recipes (especially pollen substitutes) has led to an increase in the bee's body weight first, while in the last period this suddenly recorded lower values than those of bees fed only with energy food recipes; this could be due to the elimination of intestinal content .