Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separation of Minor Actinides and Rare Earths from a Simulated High Activity Liquid Waste by Two Macroporous Silica‐based Polymeric Composites

Abstract To eliminate the long‐lived minor actinide (MA) elements from high activity liquid waste (HLW), a group partitioning from a simulated HLW solution containing 14 typical elements and 3.0 M HNO3 was performed. It was done by utilizing two macroporous silica‐based polymeric N,N,N′,N′‐tetraoctyl‐3‐oxapentane‐1,5‐diamide (TODGA) and octyl(phenyl)‐N,N‐diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) composites (TODGA/SiO2‐P and CMPO/SiO2‐P). It was found that in the first column packed with TODGA/SiO2‐P, the tested elements were separated to (1) Cs, Ru, and Mo (non‐sorption group), (2) minor actinides (MAs), rare earths (REs), Sr, and Pd (MA‐RE‐Sr‐Pd group), and (3) Zr, respectively, by eluting with 3.0 M HNO3, 0.01 M HNO3, 0.05 M DTPA‐pH 3.75, and 0.5 M H2C2O4 at 298 K. MA were considered to flow into MA‐RE‐Sr‐Pd group along with Gd and Dy because of their similar sorption and elution behavior towards TODGA/SiO2‐P. In the second column packed with CMPO/SiO2‐P, the MA‐containing effluent was separated to (1) Sr‐Pd group and (2) MA‐RE group, respectively by eluting with 3.0 M HNO3 and water at 323 K. MA was believed to flow into MA‐RE group. Based on the results obtained, a process entitled GPEC (Group Partitioning of HLW by Extraction Chromatography) for effective partitioning of minor actinides and rare earths from HLW utilizing two macroporous silica‐based polymeric composites was proposed.
Chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) and source apportionment study during winter and summer period for the city of Kozani, Greece

Eordaia basin located in northwest of Greece, comprises an area which is characterized by intense energy related activities, including coal burning at four power plants and the associated mining operations. Air samples of inhalable (PM10) and respirable particles (PM2.5) were collected in cold and warm periods in 2010 at an urban background site of Kozani, the major city and capital of the region which is located close to the power plants. Particulate matter concentration, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and anionic species concentrations were determined using gravimetric, GC-MS in SIM mode and Ion Chromatography analysis, respectively. For the cold period, the mean PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentration was found to be 19.62 and 14.68 µg m−3, respectively. Correspondingly, for the warm period, the mean PM10 and PM2.5 values were 35.29 and 25.75 µg m−3, respectively. In general, the results indicated that the major sources of air pollution in Kozani are traffic, combustion from agricultural activities and lignite power plants emissions, contributing by different percentages to each particle fraction.
A Study About Measuring The Level Of Depression, Anxiety, And Locus Of Control In Asthmatic Women

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression, anxiety, and locus of control in mild, moderate, and severe asthmatic women. The analysis focused on the relationship between the severity of illness as a major factor in emotional responding. In order to investigate these relationships, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale were administered to 150 asthmatic women between the ages of 18 to 55 who were being seen for a general medical appointment. The results of the investigation revealed a significant association between asthma severity and psychological functioning. The findings supported the general hypothesis of the study that a significant difference would exist between mild, moderate, and severe asthmatic women in their levels of depression, anxiety, and locus of control.
Particulate‐laden‐SO2 scrubbing in a tapered bubble column

The performance of a tapered bubble column that generates higher fractional gas hold up with least power consumption than existing systems under similar hydrodynamic conditions is reported in this article for particulate‐laden‐SO2 scrubbing. Firstly, quiescent batch studies were carried out to analyze SO2 removal at various initial particle concentrations. Results revealed that presence of particles improved the SO2 removal efficiency to about 14–27% that was elucidated by the facilitated adsorptive mass transport. The performance of the system was analyzed in subsequent experimentation operating it under continuous mode for particulate‐laden‐SO2 scrubbing using water and dilute NaOH. Results indicated that the removal efficiency of SO2 was improved to about 25%/(W/m3) due to change in the column geometry and to about 16.7%/(W/m3) due to presence of particles (fly‐ash) within the range of variables studied. The enhancement of removal of SO2 due to presence of particulate matter and that due to alkali scrubbing were quantified and compared. Operating regimes of maximum removal efficiencies (∼100%) of SO2 and particulates either alone or in combination were determined from experimental results. Empirical and semi‐empirical correlations were developed for predicting the scrubbing performances of the tapered column in water and dilute NaOH, respectively. Experimental values fitted excellently well with the predicted values. The superiority of the tapered bubble column over a conventional bubble column for scrubbing of particulates and SO2 either alone or in combination was described. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Structural characterization of electron‐beam crosslinked thermoplastic elastomeric films from blends of polyethylene and ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers

Films were prepared from a blend of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) containing 45% VA and ditrimethylol propane tetraacrylate (DTMPTA). Electron-beam initiated crosslinking of these films was carried out over a range of radiation doses (20–500 kGy), concentrations of DTMPTA (1–5 parts by weight), and blend compositions. The IR studies revealed that oxidation and crosslinking dominated up to an irradiation dose of 100 kGy. At higher irradiation doses chain scission and disproportionation predominated among all the competitive processes for the 50:50 blend without DTMPTA. The gel fraction of the films increased with the increase in irradiation dose, DTMPTA level, and EVA content of the blends. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry studies showed that the crystalline portion of the blends was only affected by radiation at higher irradiation doses (≥200 kGy). Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated that in the 50:50 blend the LDPE formed the continuous phase, which was further confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies. However, a co-continuous morphology was formed when the EVA content was increased. When DTMPTA was added to the blends (≥3 wt %), the 50:50 blend exhibited a co-continuous morphology. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1936–1950, 2001
Absolute Quantum Yields for Exciplex Fluorescence

The absolute quantum yields for exciplex fluorescence in four solutions which have potential as exciplex-based vapor/liquid visualization systems have been measured. The room-temperature absolute quantum yields for 10% dibutyl-aniline/0.4%, 1-cyanonaphthalene, 12.5% 1-methyl-naphthalene/0.5% N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD), 10% trihexylamine/1.0% 1-cyanonaphthalene, and 10% naphthalene/1.0% TMPD in hexadecane or cyclohexane are 0.03 ± 0.005, 0.05 ± 0.002 (308 nm), 0.02 ± 0.001, and 0.16 ± 0.021, respectively. The temperature dependence of the absolute quantum yield for the 10% naphthalene/1% TMPD in the hexadecane system was measured over the range of 23 to 260°C and was found to decrease by 20–30% at 260°C.
Preparation and characterisation of branched poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) via atom transfer radical polymerisation using β-bromoethyl benzene as initiator

Abstract Branched poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) of styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) with the feed composition of 0·5 using β-bromoethyl benzene (BEB) as the initiator and divinylbenzene (DVB) as the branching agent. The polymerisation kinetics and the development of branching were studied by gas chromatography (GC), triple detection size exclusion chromatography (TD-SEC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The primary chains with the pendent vinyl groups were formed dominantly at a monomer conversion of less than 50%. The pendent vinyl group participated in the polymerisation, which resulted in the formation of branching structure accompanied by a rapid increase in molecular weight and a broadening in its distribution. The branching chains developed gradually as the molecular weight increased. The copolymers of higher molecular weights had higher branching degree than those of lower molecular weights.
The Experimental Investigation of Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Water-alternating-gas Injection in a Carbonate Reservoir

Abstract Floods were conducted using rock–fluid systems consisting of carbonate cores from Binak reservoir, which is located in southwest of Iran, oil and brine. The coreflood protocol consisted of a series of steps including brine saturation, absolute permeability determination, flooding with oil to initial oil saturation, endpoint oil permeability determination, and, finally, nitrogen and carbon dioxide water-alternating-gas (WAG) injections. The effect of slug size on oil recovery was investigated using immiscible nitrogen (N2) WAG injection and the amount of oil recovered was compared with continuous injection of N2. Experimental results show that ultimate oil recovery is not very sensitive to changing the slug sizes for N2 WAG injection, although the slug size of 0.15 pore volume (PV) injection is better than others. As less PV is injected, a higher oil production rate is achieved. Also, N2 WAG flood appeared to be better in performance than continuous gas injection (CGI) of nitrogen. Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection was performed in three modes, including CGI, WAG injection, and hybrid WAG. Experimental results show that for optimization of oil recovery in CO2 floods, a continuous gas slug of 0.4–0.5 PV followed by 1:1 WAG needs to be injected.
Direct Resolution of Six Beta Blockers into their Enantiomers on Silica Plates Impregnated with l-Asp and l-Glu

Resolution of racemic metoprolol, propranolol, carvedilol, bisoprolol, salbutamol, and labetalol, commonly used ß-blockers, into their enantiomers has been achieved by TLC on silica gel plates impregnated with optically pure l-Glu and l-Asp. Acetonitrile–methanol–water–dichloromethane and acetonitrile–methanol–water–glacial acetic acid mobile phases in different proportions enabled successful separation. The spots were detected with iodine vapor. The detection limits were 0.23, 0.1, 0.27, 0.25, 0.2, and 0.2 µg for each enantiomer of metoprolol, propranolol, carvedilol, bisoprolol, salbutamol, and labetalol, respectively.
Adhesion Hysteresis Studies of Extracted Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Using Contact Mechanics

We present results of adhesion studies of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) crosslinked hemispheres, before and after extraction, carried out using contact mechanics (the JKR apparatus.) Three types of PDMS networks were prepared with increasing crosslinker-to-PDMS ratio (r = 1.7, 2.2, 2.7). Adhesion hysteresis was observed only after the PDMS hemispheres were extracted (toluene, Soxhlet, 20−24 h.) The size of hysteresis increased systematically with the decreasing ratio (increasing percentage of extracted weight.) Brief extraction yielded smaller hysteresis, which disappeared after 12 days. It is concluded that the entanglement of tethered chains and their interdigitation with cross-linked PDMS network at the interface may be the dominating mechanisms for the observed adhesion hysteresis.
A Novel Concept on the Structure of Cured Urea-Formaldehyde Resin

Abstract Condensation of an undefined mixture of water-soluble methylolurea reactants is proposed to proceed through the transient formation of a lyophobic colloidal sol intermediate species that subsequently coalesces to produce gelation during UF resin “cure”. An unprotected UF sol dispersion is very unstable, and its brief lifetime may explain why the intermediate sol phase has eluded detection for many years. Unique characteristics of UF resin behavior observed during preparation, storage and cure are difficult to explain by a conventional mechanism of condensation polymerization. These abnormalities are more logically interpreted by analogy with established colloidal behaviour. Additional support for our coalesced dispersion concept is provided by (i) the known discontinuity in the viscosity of UF resin during cure; (ii) the observed requirement of a minimum threshold concentration of UF resin necessary for gelation to occur and (iii) the SEM of fracture surfaces of cured UF resin which exhibit disti.
Dithiocarbamates, Thiocarbamic Esters, Dithiocarboimidates, Guanidines, Thioureas, Isothioureas, and Tetraazathiapentalene Derived from 2‐Aminobenzothiazole

Reactions between CS2 and the exocyclic amino groups of 2-aminobenzothiazoles gave series of molecules bearing thiourea, isothiourea, dithiocarbamate, dithiocarboimine, dimethyldithiocarbamate, methyldithiocarbamate, S-CH3 and O-alkyl thiocarbamic ester, and guanidine groups. Preferred tautomers and conformers were determined. Most compounds present coordinative bonds between the endocyclic sulfur atom, which behaves as a Lewis acid, and oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur acting as bases. A new dibenzothiazolyltetraazathiapentalene containing a T-shaped hypervalent sulfur atom and displaying “single bond-no bond resonance” is discussed. X-ray structures of eleven compounds are reported. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Modeling of network formation in free radical polymerization

Proposition de modeles cinetiques de formation de reseau dans la polymerisation radicalaire pour les periodes de pre- et de post-gelification, modeles bases sur la methode de la constante de vitesse pseudocinetique et pouvant rendre compte de reactions de cyclisation primaire et secondaire
Facile synthesis and photocatalytic application of hierarchical mesoporous Bi2MoO6 nanosheet-based microspheres†

In this study, mesoporous aurivillius bismuth molybdenum oxide (Bi2MoO6) (A-BMO) microspheres were fabricated via a template-free solvothermal process in the presence of ethylene glycol. The as-prepared Bi2MoO6 products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption techniques, respectively. Results showed that the synthesized Bi2MoO6 microspheres were composed of nanosheets, with diameters of 0.5–1.0 μm, specific surface areas of about 50.86 m2 g−1, and a band gap energy of about 2.59 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the Bi2MoO6 microspheres was evaluated in the decomposition of rhodamine B (RhB) under xenon lamp irradiation. The A-BMO showed superior performance for the photodegradation of RhB, in comparison to the commercial P25 in the H2O2-containing system. The sedimentation, stability and recycling performance of the prepared A-BMO catalysts were also investigated. This study provided new insights into the design and preparation of functional nanomaterials with sphere structures in high yields, and the as-grown architectures exhibited potential ability to remove organic pollutants in wastewater.
Two-dimensional simulations of the transition from Townsend to glow discharge and subnormal oscillations

The transition from Townsend to glow discharge is studied via two-dimensional simulations of discharges with moderate pd values corresponding to the right branch of the Paschen curve (p is the gas pressure and d the electrode spacing). The discharge model is coupled to the external circuit model enabling simulations of subnormal oscillations during the discharge transition from the Townsend to normal regime. This transition is accompanied by radial constriction of the discharge and formation of a normal cathode spot. The electron thermal flux backscattered to the cathode is observed to be important in the Townsend regime, which contributes significantly to discharge instability by virtue of the secondary emission coefficient γ becoming an increasing function of E/N. The simulations are carried out for different gas pressures and different parameters of the external circuit. The predicted results are in agreement with experimental observations and previously published semi-analytical models.
BIOTHERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA (LAMK.) EXTRACT AGAINST CHLORPYRIFOS INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS (AN IN-VITRO STUDY)

The aim of the present study was to find out the protective nature of antioxidant property of Ziziphus mauritiana (Lamk.) seed (ZMS) extract against Chlorpyrifos (CPF) induced oxidative damage. Erythrocytes were collected from healthy human male and exposed to CPF (10 µg/mL) and ZMS (100 µg/mL)) individually and also in combination of CPF+ZMS treatment. In case of CPF treatment, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase significantly decreased and lipid pe- roxidation (LPO) was increased in comparison of control value, but reverse is observed in case of ZMS treatment. The result of the present study suggests that ZMS is an effective antioxidant for CPF pesticide toxicity in mitigating its oxidative burden. It can be concluded that CPF induced oxidative stress level in human erythrocytes (RBCs) and ZMS has mitigated these ill-effects.
Structures and morphologies of in situ polymerized blends of PMMA and ASA

Blends of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, and the elastomer ASA, a graft copolymer based on poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) (SAN) and acrylic rubber, were prepared by in situ polymerization and characterized according to structural, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The polymerization conditions, such the presence or absence of a chain transfer agent, stirring and an inert atmosphere, influence the morphological and structural properties of the blends. In spite of the evidences of the partial miscibility between PMMA and SAN phase of the ASA, the blends are heterogeneous and present a complex morphology. The morphology of some PMMA-ASA blends is made up of an elastomeric dispersed phase in a glassy matrix, with a possible inclusion of the matrix in the elastomeric domains. The selective extraction of the blend components and infrared spectroscopy showed that crosslinking and/or grafting reactions occur on ASA chains during MMA polymerization. The syndiotacticity of PMMA obtained in the presence of ASA increases with the amount of ASA, due to possible interactions between the carbonyl groups of PMMA and the nitrile or phenyl groups of the SAN copolymer. The mechanical properties of the blends were influenced by the compositions of the blends and mainly by the conditions of polymerization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
OPTICAL BIOSENSORS FOR LABEL-FREE DETECTION OF BIOMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS

Biosensors are important tools in fields of biophysics, biochemistry, and biomedical engineering because they provide a platform for the detection of various analytes. Currently, fluorescence-based detection methods have been routinely used for their high sensitivity and diverse selections of labeling agents. However, tagging extra molecules (such as dyes) on to one of the binding pair might change the intrinsic binding affinity of that reaction. To do away with this drawback, label-free biosensors based on optical techniques have drawn more and more attention recently because they are non invasive to the biomolecules under investigation. This article reviews some modern optical biosensors including surface plasmon resonance, oblique-incidence reflectivity difference, interferometry, resonant cavity, and resonant waveguide grating. Some of these techniques have already been commercialized for biological applications. While surface plasmon resonance is the most sensitive and commonly used method, oblique-incidence reflectivity difference provides comparable sensitivity with additional advantages in throughput as well as compatibility. It is believed that in the future, optical techniques will still lead the way in the development of label-free biosensors for biological applications.
Synthesis and characterization of thiol‐terminated poly(ethylene oxide) for chemisorption to gold surface

Thiol-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was synthesized using two different approaches: esterification of terminal hydroxyl groups with mercaptoacetic acid and amidation using N-hydroxysuccinimidyl PEO (NHS–PEO) and cysteine. The reaction of hydroxyl-terminated PEO with mercaptoacetic acid was carried out in boiling toluene. Different thiolated PEOs, including linear PEOs of varying molecular weights and end-group types, and star-type PEOs were synthesized. Nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the products. The reaction kinetics were also briefly investigated. Gel permeation chromatography was used to investigate the relative amounts of the mono- and disubstituted products in the α,ω-dihydroxy PEOs. NHS–PEO was used both to attach terminal thiol groups via reaction with cysteine and to conjugate other amino acids (and potentially any amino-containing molecule) to PEO. Reactions using NHS–PEO were carried out at room temperature in water. The chemisorption of these thiolated PEOs to gold was expected to yield surfaces resistant to biofouling, in particular to unwanted protein adsorption. Chemisorption of amino acid–, peptide-, or protein-terminated PEOs in addition may yield surfaces having specific biological activity. Work on these aspects will be reported elsewhere. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 594–607, 2003
Chemical synthesis and characterization of palladium nanoparticles

This work presents the results of the successful preparation of Pd nanoparticles by the polyol method and the proposed techniques of controlling their size and shape. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized Pd nanoparticles of various shapes with the largest sizes in the forms of octahedrons (24 nm), tetrahedrons (22 nm) and cubes (20 nm) have been obtained by alcohol reduction in ethanol with the addition of a hydrochloric acid catalyst. Moreover, PVP–Pd nanoparticles of well-controlled spherical shapes have also been prepared by a modified polyol method. PVP–Pd nanoparticles of cubic, octahedral, tetrahedral and spherical shapes with well-controlled size achieved by using ethylene glycol (EG) as reductant and various inorganic species were also fabricated. In particular, Pd nanorods with sizes of 47 nm and 16 nm formed due to the anisotropic growth mechanism of Pd nanoparticles were found. At the same time, tetrahedral particles of sharp shapes of 120 nm and 70 nm sizes have been observed. A high concentration of inorganic species was used to control the size and shape of the Pd nanoparticles, leading to the appearance of various irregular sizes and shapes. There was evidence of the very sharp corners and edges of tetrahedral and octahedral Pd nanoparticles or others that were formed in the clustering and combination of the seeds of smaller particles.