Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive tracking control for a class of nonstrict-feedback switched nonlinear constrained systems

In this paper, the problem of adaptive tracking control is developed for a class of nonstrict-feedback switched nonlinear constrained systems. Backstepping technology combined with fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are employed to estimate the unknown nonlinear functions of the switched constrained systems. By using the dynamic surface control (DSC) technology, the “explosion of complexity” can be reduced in the controller design process of the traditional baskstepping design. The proposed state-feedback controller can ensure that all the signals in the closed-loop systems are bounded and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. Finally, the simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Synthesis of Gold Dendrites in a Green Chemistry Approach Using Hydroxyethyl Cellulose

In this work we report a simple method of preparation of gold dendrites using hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) in a green chemistry approach using only water as the solvent. Here HAuCl4 is reduced to nanodendrites using HEC, which acts as a reducing as well as stabilizing agent. Depending on the reaction conditions gold nanoparticles, snake shaped gold nanostructures and gold dendrites were formed. The gold nanostructures were characterized using transmission electron microscopy. These gold nanostructures are biocompatible and biodegradable.
Giant Benign Neoplasm of Lateral Neck

AbstractBranchial cleft anomalies are the second most common congenital head and neck lesions to arise in the neck.Second branchial cleft cyst typically presents as a nontender, painless, smooth, and round neck mass located along the upper third of the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle which may acutely increase in size after an upper respiratory infection.The aim of this article was to illustrate a case of a giant second branchial cyst 8 cm in diameter that was surgically treated at the Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery of Sant’Andrea Hospital in Rome.
Evaluation of Power Transformers' Effective Hot-Spot Factors by Thermal Modeling of Scrapped Units

The ultimate life of a power transformer is critically governed by the condition of its insulation paper which undergoes thermal degradation during the operation. A thermal model has been published in the IEC transformer loading guide 60076-7 and can be used to calculate the windings' hot-spot temperature based on operating conditions and thermal parameters, and to assess the insulating paper's aging rate. However, the accuracy of hot-spot temperature is greatly affected by the generally unknown hot-spot factor. In this paper, utilizing the paper samples of scrapped transformers and the degree of polymerization (DP) predicted thermal lives as benchmarks are proposed and through the IEC thermal model to reversely derive the transformers' effective hot-spot factors (EHSFs) while the paper's aging mechanisms and moisture accumulation effect over lifetime have been taken into consideration. As a result, the median of 35 scrapped units' EHSF is 2.95. These EHSFs are assigned to the field sister transformers to give a practical assessment of transformer cooling efficiency and loadability.
A fast SISR technique founded on synthesize high-band frequency and an adaptive hampel stochastic function

Theoretically, the conventional image enlarging technique is a mathematical method for building a superior enriched resolution image, which is normally insisted for modern computer vision and image processing application by utilizing only one poor resolution image, which is normally captured from any commercial embedded camera systems. Due to the fast computation, the Single-Image Super-Resolution (SISR) is one of the well-known Super Resolution-Reconstruction (SRR) techniques and the SISR is desired for applying on only one poor resolution image. Therefore, this article aims to present the image enlarged technique founded on SISR algorithm utilizing Hampel stochastic function and high-band frequency synthesizing. Unfortunately, the efficacy of the SISR technique is relied upon three parameters (b, h, k) and it is difficult task for estimating these suitable values of these three parameters for reconstructing the superior enriched resolution image with the optimum Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). In consideration of deciphering to this problem, the Hampel stochastic function, which is relied upon wholly one parameter (J), instead of three parameters like the conventional function, is comprised into SISR technique. By studying on 14 classic images, which are corrupted by different noise models, in the statically exploratory section, the efficacy of the fast SISR technique closely equal to the conventional SISR technique but the parameter adjustment process of the proposed fast SISR technique (with one parameter) is more simple and fasert than the conventional SISR technique (with three parameters). Because of fast computation in the parameter adjustment process, the proposed fast SISR technique is more suitable for real implementation.
Hypocoercivity Based Sensitivity Analysis and Spectral Convergence of the Stochastic Galerkin Approximation to Collisional Kinetic Equations with Multiple Scales and Random Inputs

In this paper, we provide a general framework to study general class of linear and nonlinear kinetic equations with random uncertainties from the initial data or collision kernels, and their stochastic Galerkin approximations, in both incompressible Navier-Stokes and Euler (acoustic) regimes. First, we show that the general framework put forth in [C. Mouhot and L. Neumann, Nonlinearity, 19, 969-998, 2006, M. Briant, J. Diff. Eqn. , 259, 6072-6141, 2005] based on hypocoercivity for the deterministic kinetic equations can be easily adopted for sensitivity analysis for random kinetic equations, which gives rise to an exponential convergence of the random solution toward the (deterministic) global equilibrium, under suitable conditions on the collision kernel. Then we use such theory to study the stochastic Galerkin (SG) methods for the equations, establish hypocoercivity of the SG system and regularity of its solution, and spectral accuracy and exponential decay of the numerical error of the method in a weighted Sobolev norm.
Exploiting structure and uncertainty of Bellman updates in Markov decision processes

In many real-world problems stochasticity is a critical issue for the learning process. The sources of stochasticity come from the transition model, the explorative component of the policy or, even worse, from noisy observations of the reward function. For a finite number of samples, traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods provide biased estimates of the action-value function possibly leading to poor estimates, then propagated by the application of the Bellman operator. While some approaches assume that the estimation bias is the key problem in the learning process, we show that in some cases this assumption does not necessarily hold. We propose a method that exploits the structure of the Bellman update and the uncertainty of the estimation in order to better use the amount of information provided by the samples. We show theoretical considerations about this method and its relation w.r. t. Q-Learning. Moreover, we test it in environments available in literature in order to demonstrate its effectiveness against other algorithms that focus on bias and sample-efficiency.
Multigate MOSFET in a Bulk Technology by Integrating Polysilicon-Filled Trenches

We present a new device structure consisting of a MOSFET with two additional lateral trench gates. This multigate MOSFET can be implemented and fabricated in a standard bulk CMOS technology with a few extra process steps for integrating polysilicon-filled trenches. This device is investigated for operations as lateral-gate and surface-gate transistors. Lateral-gate current-voltage characteristics exhibit multiple-threshold-voltage behavior, which may be due to nonhomogeneous doping distributions. Surface-gate characteristics are similar to those of a conventional MOSFET except that the threshold voltage is adjustable to some degree by lateral-gate bias. In effect, due to edge field effects at the corner regions between surface and lateral gates, the channel width under one gate may be modulated by its adjacent gate bias.
Thin-Film Magnetic Inductor for Integrated Power Management

This paper presents the design considerations for thin-film magnetic power inductors for integrated voltage regulator (IVR). Optimum design parameters for solenoid inductors are arrived at that maximize key performance metrics such as quality factor, inductor efficiency, inductance density, and operation frequency. A fabrication approach to integrate the solenoid inductor with thin-film magnetic material is presented. Finally, electrical characterization of a set of test inductors that were fabricated is carried out and the results such as inductance, quality factor, DC resistance are presented.
Fixed-Width Multiplier Circuits Using Column Bypassing and Decompositon Logic Techniques

This paper presents, low power signed and unsigned fixed-width multipliers using the column bypassing technique with carry save adder array structure. We have decomposed the partial products into two parts and executed them in parallel to reduce the delay of proposed fixed-width array multiplier. The proposed multiplier reduces the power consumption by skipping the unwanted switching activity when the multiplicand operand consists of a number of zeros. This work evaluates the power, delay and area of fixed-width multipliers and shows that the proposed array multiplier consumes less power and has reduced delay compared to the conventional fixed-width array multipliers.
ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR ( EMA ) ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLIGHT CONTROLS

With this new type of actuator, in the scope of the preparation of future more electrical aircrafts, the use of the EMA technologies for the flight control systems is an important potential enabler. Thus, aircraft manufacturers will eventually be able to replace all or part of the hydraulic systems that activate flight controls with lighter and simpler electrical systems, offering the required reliability. The paper deals with the development of this type of actuator from the definition up to various tests campaigns. It is focused on advanced technologies used in the Sagem’s EMA that permits a highly integrated design, making it small enough to be installed in the reduced space of the wing, as well as several patented innovations. It will also offer a very long service life, to meet one of the main challenges facing tomorrow’s jetliners.
An efficient algebraic predistorter for compensating the nonlinearity of memory amplifiers

Baseband adaptive nonlinear predistorters are the most effective schemes in compensating the nonlinear effects of high power amplifiers in communication systems. The existing predistorters generally realized by the look-up table and polynomial methods. Although many well-considered algorithms based on the two methods have been proposed and implemented, their performances are restricted by either the table storage limitation or the increasing complexity burden of polynomial order. In this paper, we propose an algorithm using novel filter algebraic solution to construct the adaptive memory predistorters. Our proposed algorithm outperforms the existing polynomial predistorters and enjoys the comparable low complexity as LUT PDs. The simulation results confirm our point in terms of normalized mean square error and spectral re-growth. Furthermore, low computational complexity, small memory unit requirement can provide a simple VLSI structure implementation in the practical applications.
A fatal forensic intoxication with fenarimol : analysis by HPLC / DAD / MSD

Fenarimol (Rubigan) is a pyrimidine ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor used as a systemic fungicide. The authors present a fatal fenarimol intoxication case analysed in the Forensic Toxicology Service of the National Institute of Legal Medicine. The results were used to compare two different HPLC techniques, regarding selectivity and sensitivity: an HPLC system with a diode array detector (DAD) and an HPLC system with a DAD and a mass spectrometry detector (MSD) with an electrospray interface. All biological samples were submitted to a solid-phase extraction procedure. The detection and quantification limits of fenarimol, linearity, precision and accuracy were evaluated. The fenarimol concentration levels determined were of 89.0 mg/ml in gastric contents, 1.9 mg/g in liver and 0.4 mg/g in kidney. Blood was not available at autopsy. No published data related to fenarimol self-poisoning were found, so it was not possible to interpret the results obtained by comparison with toxic/lethal levels. # 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
IKE hardware engine based on CAM for concurrent processing of massive user sessions

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is considered as a secure solution for enterprises to support private communications over public networks like the internet. A VPN solution addresses a vast number of security issues, and the key management is among the critical ones. Nowadays, most of the VPN solutions utilize the Internet Key Exchange protocol version 2 (IKEv2) as one of the key management and negotiation protocols. Software Security gateways suffer from performance degradation while serving a large number of VPN users concurrently. In this paper, we propose a novel IKEv2 hardware engine that executes the key exchange process efficiently at the wire speed. In our design, we employ a content-addressable memory (CAM) to implement the Security Association Database (SAD). The CAM-SRAM pair can provide an instant lookup speed for existing IKE sessions and reduces the excessive processing time required to add, identify or remove multiple sessions. The IKEv2 CAM-based multi-user processing engine has been modeled using ns-3 simulator, and then also implemented using Verilog HDL. Using the ns-3 simulator, we estimated the performance of the proposed IKEv2 engine for the concurrent processing of multiple IKE sessions. Using the Verilog implementation, we demonstrated cycle-accurate evaluation of the proposed IKEv2 engine in its speed enhancement. Our simulation experiment shows that the proposed IKEv2 engine can speed up 10,000 IKE sessions by up to two times compared with conventional IKE implementations.
The recursive batch least squares filter: An efficient RLS filter for floating-point hardware

Conventional Recursive Least Squares (RLS) filters have a complexity of 1.5L2 products per sample, where L is the number of parameters in the least squares model. The recently published FWL RLS algorithm has a complexity of L2, about 33% lower. We present an algorithm which has a complexity between 5L2/6 and L2/2. The algorithm is in theory as fast and accurate as the other RLS ones, but employs a batch approach, waiting for K≥L consecutive samples and processing them together. When K = L, complexity is highest, but still lower than in the conventional and FWL RLS algorithms. When K >> L complexity converges to one third of conventional RLS algorithms, or one half of the FWL RLS one. The algorithm may have stability problems in fixed-point because of accumulation of numerical errors, and it can only be effectively implemented in floating-point arithmetic. Some DSP processors and advanced FPGAs are capable of using floating-point arithmetic: the algorithm may thus be employed in many advanced DSP hardware. We test it in a C++ implementation.
Design of a DC-33 GHz cascode distributed amplifier using dual-gate device in 0.5-μm GaAs E/D-mode HEMT process

Design of a DC-33 GHz cascode distributed amplifier (DA) using dual-gate device in 0.5-μm GaAs enhancement/depletion-mode (E/D-mode) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) process is presented in this paper. A compact dual-gate HEMT is adopted in the gain cell of the DA. By using the dual-gate HEMT, the gain-bandwidth product of the DA can be further improved. The proposed DA achieves a small-signal gain of 10.6 dB, an output power 1-dB compress point (OP1dB) of 8.9 dBm, and a 3-dB bandwidth from dc to 33 GHz. The DA is also successfully evaluated using pseudorandom bit stream (PRBS) signal with a data rate up to 12-Gbps. The proposed dual-gate DA is suitable for the high-speed data rate transmission due to its superior performance.
Analysis of A 870 M Deep Temperature Profile at Dome C

The French 870 m deep temperature profile gives us temperature differences with an accuracy of 0.01 deg (to obtain such an accuracy, the sensors must be applied against the walls of the bore hole). The error on the vertical gradient T' cannot be lessened by weighted running means. Thus, only a mean value of its derivative T" can be reached. Data have been analysed by assuming a two-dimensional flow over a plane horizontal bedrock. As a first step, the steady state at an ice divide has been calculated by solving the complete set of equations. The vertical strain-rate is a constant over two-thirds of the ice sheet. It appears that, at Dome C, sliding and no-sliding solutions are plausible, as well as cyclic oscillations between them. Next, the temperature response of the ice sheet to an impulse for the surface temperature has been computed, and convolved with surface palaeotemperatures deduced from the 180 profile, to obtain the time derivative Ṫ. Mean values of T', T" and Ṫ allow an estimation of the vertical velocity, which is much smaller than the balance one. Therefore, the ice sheet has thickened by 200 to 280 m during the last 10 ka.
Cooperative Control of SFCL and SMES for Enhancing Fault Ride Through Capability and Smoothing Power Fluctuation of DFIG Wind Farm

This paper deals with a cooperative control of a resistive type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) and a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for enhancing fault ride through (FRT) capability and smoothing power fluctuation of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farm. When the system faults occur, the SFCL is used to limit the fault current, alleviate the terminal voltage drop, and transient power fluctuation so that the DFIG can ride through the fault. Subsequently, the remaining power fluctuation is suppressed by the SMES. The resistive value of the SFCL as well as the superconducting coil inductance of the SMES are simultaneously optimized so that a sudden increase in the kinetic energy in the DFIG rotor during faults, an initial stored energy in the SMES coil, an energy loss of the SFCL, and an output power fluctuation of the DFIG are minimum. The superior control effect of the cooperative SFCL and SMES over the individual device is confirmed by simulation study.
An Ultrawideband MIMO Antenna With a High Isolation

In this letter, a compact ultrawideband (UWB) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a high isolation covering 2.4 GHz WLAN and 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB bands is presented. The proposed antenna is based on meandering monopoles; an ultrawide bandwidth is achieved by involving two inverted L-shape parasitic strips and two smaller L-shape stubs, and a high isolation is obtained by etching a slot at the center of the ground. The prototype is simulated, fabricated, and measured. A good agreement between the measured and simulated results shows that an ultrawide bandwidth and a high isolation are successfully achieved.
COMPARATIVE EQUILIBRATION AND ONLINE TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF NON-EXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN OF KERATINS FOR USE IN ANIMAL MIGRATION STUDIES

Stable hydrogen-isotope ratios (dD) of keratin provide a novel means for tracking geographical movements of birds and other species. Here we describe a rapid, low cost, analytical approach to facilitate online continuous-flow isotoperatio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS) dD analyses of keratins (120–160 samples per day) through the use of calibrated keratin working standards and ‘‘comparative equilibration’’ to correct for the effects of moisture on exchangeable hydrogen. It is anticipated that this analytical approach and CF-IRMS will greatly aid in providing cost effective and directly comparable dD results on keratins and feathers among various laboratories and researchers involved in animal migration studies.
Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) operators’ accuracy and confidence of decisions: Professional pilots or video game players?

Abstract Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) operations have outpaced current training regimes resulting in a shortage of qualified UAS pilots. Three potential UAS operator groups were explored for suitability (i.e. video game players [VGP]; private pilots; professional pilots) and examined to assess levels of accuracy, confidence and confidence-accuracy judgements (W-S C-A) during a simulated civilian cargo flight. Sixty participants made 21 decision tasks, which varied across three levels of danger/risk. Scales of Tolerance of Ambiguity, Decision Style and NEO-PIR were also completed. Professional pilots and VGPs exhibited the highest level of decision confidence, with VGPs maintaining a constant and positive W-S C-A relationship across decision danger/risk. As decision danger/risk increased, confidence, accuracy and W-S C-A decreased. Decision danger also had a role to play in the confidence expressed when choosing to intervene or rely on automation. Neuroticism was negatively related, and conscientiousness positively related, to confidence. Intolerance of ambiguity was negatively related to W-S C-A. All groups showed higher levels of decision confidence in decisions controlled by the UAS in comparison to decisions where the operator manually intervened. VGPs display less overconfidence in decision judgements. Findings support the idea that VGPs could be considered a resource in UAS operation.
A method of increasing the isolation between antennas using the Theory of Characteristic Modes

When improving the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the RF system, it is common to design the space layout of antennas so as to increase the isolation, but which is difficult when the space is quite limited. This work, with the Theory of Characteristic Modes used, effectively restrains the non-working modes of the antenna by making slots, thus to increase the isolation by 6~10dB. This new method is more reasonable for limited space compared with antennas layout designing.
Uniformity correction in photon-counting X-ray detector based on basis material decomposition

We have developed and evaluated a method to correct for detector cell response variations in photon-counting X-ray detectors with energy discrimination capability. With these detectors, variations in energy thresholds or energy response of the detector cells can result in spectral-dependent non-uniformities in sinograms that produce rings in reconstructed images. The proposed method is basis material decomposition-based and corrects variations in the spectral sensitivity of detector cells to reflect the characteristics of a standard detector cell. It requires calibration similar to that used in basis material decomposition methods and does not require knowledge of the exact energy spectrum, energy thresholds, or energy response of the individual detector cells. Both simulation and physical experiments studies showed substantial reduction in non-uniformity in sinograms and of rings in reconstructed images.