Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIR-B) negatively regulates macrophage activation in experimental colitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Innate and adaptive immune responses are regulated by cross talk between activation and inhibitory signals. Dysregulation of the inhibitory signal can lead to aberrant chronic inflammatory diseases such as the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Little is known about negative regulation of innate intestinal immune activation. We examined the role of the inhibitory receptor paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIR-B) in the regulation of macrophage function in innate intestinal immunity. METHODS We examined the susceptibility of Pirb-/- and wild-type (WT) mice to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. We assessed proinflammatory cytokine release and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in Pirb-/- and WT macrophages following Escherichia coli stimulation. Macrophage transfer experiments were performed to define the role of PIR-B in the negative regulation of macrophage function in DSS-induced colitis. We also assessed expression of PIR-B human homologues (immunoglobulin-like transcript [ILT]-2 and ILT-3) in colon biopsy samples from healthy individuals (controls) and patients with IBD. RESULTS Pirb-/- mice had increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. In vitro analysis showed increased production of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and activation of MAPK and NF-kappaB in Pirb-/- macrophages following bacterial activation. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived Pirb-/- macrophages into WT mice was sufficient to increase disease susceptibility. ILT-2 and ILT-3 were expressed on CD68+ and CD68- mononuclear cells and intestinal epithelium in colon biopsy samples from patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS PIR-B negatively regulates macrophage functions in response to pathogenic bacteria and chronic intestinal inflammatory responses. Inhibitory receptors such as PIR-B might be used as therapeutic targets for treatment of patients with IBD.
Coevolutionary elaboration of pollination-related traits in an alpine ginger (Roscoea purpurea) and a tabanid fly in the Nepalese Himalayas.

Geographical variation in the interacting traits of plant-pollinator mutualism can lead to local adaptive differentiation. We tested Darwin's hypothesis of reciprocal selection as a key driving force for the evolution of floral traits of an alpine ginger (Roscoea purpurea) and proboscis length of a tabanid fly (Philoliche longirostris). We documented the pattern of trait variation in R. purpurea and P. longirostris across five populations. At each site, we quantified pollinator-mediated selection on floral display area, inflorescence height and corolla length of R. purpurea by comparing selection gradients for flowers exposed to natural pollination and to supplemental hand pollination. Reciprocal selection between plant and fly was examined at two sites via the relationship between proboscis length and nectar consumption (fly benefit) and corolla length and pollen deposition (plant benefit). Local corolla tube length was correlated with local fly proboscis length among the five sites. We found strong linear selection imposed by pollinators on corolla tube length at all sites, but there was no consistent relationship of fitness to inflorescence height or floral display area. Selection between corolla length and proboscis length was reciprocal at the two experimental sites examined. The geographical pattern of trait variation and the evidence of selection is consistent with a mosaic of local, species-specific reciprocal selection acting as the major driving force for the evolution of corolla length of R. purpurea and proboscis length of P. longirostris.
Low-methane yield sheep have smaller rumens and shorter rumen retention time

In the present study, following the measurement of methane emissions from 160 mature ewes three times, a subset of twenty ewes was selected for further emission and physiological studies. Ewes were selected on the basis of methane yield (MY; g CH4/kg DM intake) being low (Low MY: >1 sd below the mean; n 10) or high (High MY: >1 sd above the mean; n 10) when fed a blended chaff ration at a fixed feeding level (1·2-fold maintenance energy requirements). The difference between the Low- and High-MY groups observed at the time of selection was maintained (P= 0·001) when remeasured 1–7 months later during digesta kinetics studies. Low MY was associated with a shorter mean retention time of particulate (P< 0·01) and liquid (P< 0·001) digesta, less amounts of rumen particulate contents (P< 0·01) and a smaller rumen volume (P< 0·05), but not apparent DM digestibility (P= 0·27) or urinary allantoin excretion (P= 0·89). Computer tomography scanning of the sheep's rumens after an overnight fast revealed a trend towards the Low-MY sheep having more clearly demarcated rumen gas and liquid phases (P= 0·10). These findings indicate that the selection of ruminants for low MY may have important consequences for an animal's nutritional physiology.
Malignant Adenomyoepithelioma of the Breast Presenting as a Large Mass that Grew Slowly without Metastasis

An adenomyoepithelioma (AME) is characterized by a biphasic proliferation of both epithelial and myoepithelial cells. AME has been reported to occur in breast, salivary gland, lung and skin. (1) An AME of the breast is a rare tumor and there are less than 200 such reported cases. (2, 3) Malignancy arising from AME of the breast is much rarer and only about 20 such cases have been reported in the literature. (3,4) Metastasis of an AME is unusual, but this has been reported even in benign cases. (5)The reported sizes of these tumors are most less than 5 cm. In this report, we describe a huge breast mass that was diagnosed as a malignant AME and was completely excised. CASE REPORT
Influence of feeding graded levels of canned sardines on the inflammatory markers and tissue fatty acid composition of Wistar rats

Canned sardines are a ready-to-use fish product with excellent nutritional properties owing to its high n-3 long-chain PUFA content, mainly EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3). The present study aimed to assess the effect of two dosages of canned sardines, recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of human CVD, on the inflammatory marker concentrations and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes and key metabolic tissues (liver, muscle, adipose tissue and brain) in the rat model. Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 11 % (w/w) of canned sardines (low-sardine (LS) diet) and a diet containing 22 % (w/w) of canned sardines (high-sardine (HS) diet) for 10 weeks. Daily food intake, weight gain, and organ and final body weights were not affected by the dietary treatments. The concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased in both the LS and HS groups, while those of alanine aminotransferase and adiponectin increased. The concentrations of IL-1β increased only with the highest dosage of sardine. The dose-dependent influence of the graded levels of EPA+DHA was tissue specific. Compared with that of other tissues and erythrocytes, the fatty acid composition of the brain was less affected by the canned sardine-supplemented diets. In contrast, the retroperitoneal adipose tissue was highly responsive. The deposition ratios of EPA and DHA indicated that the LS diet was optimal for DHA deposition across the tissues, except in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Taken together, our findings indicate that a LS diet positively affects plasma lipid profiles and inflammatory mediators, whereas a HS diet has contradictory effects on IL-1β, which, in turn, is not associated with variations in the concentrations of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. This finding requires further investigation and pathophysiological understanding.
The PRO GREENS intervention in Finnish schoolchildren – the degree of implementation affects both mediators and the intake of fruits and vegetables

Little is known about the mediating effects of the determinants of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in school-based interventions that promote FV intake, and few studies have examined the impact of the degree of implementation on the effects of an intervention. The present study examined whether the degree of implementation of an intervention had an effect on children's fruit or vegetable intake and determined possible mediators of this effect. The study is part of the European PRO GREENS intervention study which aimed to develop effective strategies to promote consumption of fruit and vegetables in schoolchildren across Europe. Data from 727 Finnish children aged 11 years were used. The baseline study was conducted in spring 2009 and the follow-up study 12 months later. The intervention was conducted during the school year 2009–2010. The effects were examined using multilevel mediation analyses. A high degree of implementation of the intervention had an effect on children's fruit intake. Knowledge of recommendations for FV intake and liking mediated the association between a high degree of implementation of the intervention and an increase in the frequency of fruit intake. Knowledge of recommendations for FV intake and bringing fruits to school as a snack mediated the association between a low degree of implementation of the intervention and an increase in the frequency of fruit intake. Overall, the model accounted for 34 % of the variance in the change in fruit intake frequency. Knowledge of recommendations acted as a mediator between the degree of implementation of the intervention and the change in vegetable intake frequency. In conclusion, the degree of implementation had an effect on fruit intake, and thus in future intervention studies the actual degree of implementation of interventions should be assessed when considering the effects of interventions.
TULAREMIA: REVIEW OF LITERATURE OF CASES CONTRACTED BY INGESTION OF RABBIT AND THE REPORT OF ADDITIONAL CASES WITH A NECROPSY

Francis, 1 in reviewing the modes of infection with Bacterium tularense, notes three reports of infection through the ingestion of uncooked or partially cooked rabbit. One of these instances was reported by Freese, Lake and Francis, 2 one by Crawford, 3 and the third report is ours. It is our intention in this paper to report in detail the two cases that have come under our observation. LITERATURE Since the time of the report by Francis, Beck and Merkel 4 have added an instance of an infection of this nature. The report by Beck and Merkel is the only report of this nature in which necropsy data are given. Crawford 3 reports an instance in which seven members of a family had the disease. The father and grandmother were not affected. The children found a dead rabbit, which they cleaned, cooked and served for an evening meal. When first seen
The Redesigning Daily Occupations (ReDO)-Program: Supporting Women With Stress-Related Disorders to Return to Work—Knowledge Base, Structure, and Content

This article presents the structure and content of an occupational therapy group treatment program intended to enable lifestyle changes for return to work, used with women who have stress-related disorders. The Redesigning Daily Occupations-program constitutes three phases. Phase I focuses on occupational self-analysis. Phase II focuses on setting goals and strategies for change, and Phase III is a job placement program that provides opportunities to implement the strategies when work is restarted. The program may be of use for the target group and additional populations where people experience difficulties in organizing their daily occupations. The program outcome should be evaluated.
Using the Contingent Grouping Method to Value Forest Attributes

This paper presents the first application of a recently proposed stated preference valuation method called contingent grouping. The method is an alternative to other choice modeling methods such as contingent choice or contingent ranking. It was applied to an afforestation program in the northeast of Spain. The attributes included (and the marginal values estimated per individual) were allowing picnicking in the new forests (€2.47), sequestering 1000 tons of CO2 (€0.04), delaying the loss of land productivity by 100 years, due to erosion in the new forests area (€0.783), and allowing four-wheel driving (€6.5), which is perceived as a welfare loss.
Adherence to the food-based Japanese dietary guidelines in relation to metabolic risk factors in young Japanese women

While Japanese diets have attracted considerable attention because of, for example, the long-life expectancy in Japan, their health benefits have not been examined. In the present study, we cross-sectionally examined whether adherence to the food-based Japanese dietary guidelines is associated with metabolic risk factors in 1083 Japanese women aged 18–22 years. Based on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top, adherence to the food-based Japanese dietary guidelines was assessed using dietary information on consumed servings of grain dishes, vegetable dishes, fish and meat dishes, milk and fruits and energy from snacks and alcoholic beverages during the preceding month, which was derived from a comprehensive diet history questionnaire. Higher dietary adherence was associated with higher intakes of protein, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, Na, K and vitamin C, and lower intakes of total and saturated fat. There was also an inverse association between dietary adherence and dietary energy density. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, dietary adherence was inversely associated with waist circumference (P for trend = 0·002). It also showed an inverse association with LDL-cholesterol concentrations (P for trend = 0·04). There was no association with the other metabolic risk factors examined, including BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and HDL-cholesterol, TAG, glucose, glycated Hb and insulin concentrations. In conclusion, higher adherence to the food-based Japanese dietary guidelines, which was characterised by favourable dietary intakes of foods and nutrients as well as lower energy density, was associated with lower waist circumference and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in this group of young Japanese women.
Dietary patterns for meals of Brazilian adults

Abstract The use of dietary patterns (DP) in nutritional research is well established; however, only a few studies of DP according to specific meals have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to identify the DP regarding breakfast, lunch and dinner meals of the population (aged 20 years and older of both sexes) that participated in the Health Care Survey of Sao Paulo. Food intake was estimated by using the Multiple Source Method – considering two 24- h dietary recalls. On the basis of the food groups for each meal, a factor analysis, with a principal component estimation, was applied (varimax rotation) in order to derive the DP. Prevalences of meal skipping were 5·6 % for breakfast, 3·6 % for lunch and 12·8 % for dinner. The findings revealed three breakfast DP: healthy, traditional and snack; five lunch DP: traditional, salad, sweetened juice, Western and meats; and four dinner DP: coffee with milk and bread, transitional, traditional, and soup and fruits. The results of this study indicate that the DP identified in accordance with the meal nicely discriminates food intake, emphasising peculiarities that are not found in global analyses and might support dietary advice.
Uso das redes neurais artificiais na aplicação de metodologia para alocação de recursos da saúde

OBJETIVO: Descrever a construcao de fator de alocacao de recursos financeiros com base na necessidade em saude da populacao. METODOS: Estudo quantitativo, com dados coletados em bases de dominio publico, referentes ao estado de Pernambuco nos anos entre 2000 e 2010. Foram selecionadas variaveis que refletissem os indicadores epidemiologicos, demograficos, socioeconomicos e educacionais para compor um fator de alocacao que apontasse as necessidades de saude da populacao. As fontes pesquisadas foram: Departamento de Informatica do Sistema Unico de Saude, Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, Sistema de Informacoes sobre Orcamentos Publicos em Saude, Tesouro Nacional e dados da Secretaria Estadual de Saude de Pernambuco de 2000 a 2010, de acordo com a disponibilidade da informacao mais recente. Foi realizada a correlacao linear de Pearson e, para o calculo do fator de alocacao, a analise pelas Redes Neurais Artificiais. Os quartis dos municipios foram definidos segundo as necessidades em saude. RESULTADOS: A distribuicao apresentada aponta a Regiao Litorânea e boa parte da Regiao da Mata Norte e Sul e do Agreste Setentrional e Central situados no Quartil 1, este com o maior numero de municipios. O Agreste Meridional teve municipios em todos os quartis. Na Regiao do Pajeu/Moxoto, grande parte dos municipios esteve no Quartil 1. Semelhante distribuicao foi verificada no Sertao Central. No Araripe, a maioria dos municipios esteve nos Quartis 3 ou 4 e a Regiao do Sao Francisco ficou dividida entre os Quartis 1, 2 e 3. CONCLUSOES: O fator de alocacao agregou os municipios pernambucanos, por agrupar variaveis que sao relacionadas com as necessidades em saude da populacao, e separou os que possuem extremas necessidades de maior aporte financeiro daqueles que precisam com menor intensidade.
Association between fried food consumption and hypertension in Korean adults

Abstract The present study explored the relationships between fried food consumption and metabolic risk factors and hypertension in Korean adults. The study was based on the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2010 and 2011. A total of 9221 Korean adults aged ≥19 years were studied. Fried food consumption was assessed using a validated FFQ. Metabolic risk factors such as waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), TAG, HDL-cholesterol and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured. Hypertension was defined as SBP≥140 mmHg, DBP≥90 mmHg or current use of antihypertensive medication. Adjusted OR for elevated blood pressure significantly increased in men (OR 1·62; 95 % CI 1·11, 2·37; P trend=0·0447) and women (OR 2·20; 95 % CI 1·21, 4·00; P trend=0·0403) with a greater than twice a week consumption of fried food compared with those who rarely consumed fried food. However, fried food consumption was not associated with other metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity, high FPG, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL-cholesterol and the metabolic syndrome). The adjusted OR for hypertension increased by 2·4-fold in women (OR 2·37; 95 % CI 1·19, 4·72; P trend=0·0272) with a greater than twice a week fried food consumption compared with those who rarely consumed it. No significant association was found between fried food consumption and hypertension in men. This study suggests that frequent fried food consumption is associated with hypertension in Korean women. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of different types of fried foods on hypertension.
Dietary management of heart failure: room for improvement?

Abstract There is growing awareness of the role of diet in both health and disease management. Much data are available on the cardioprotective diet in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD. However, there is limited information on the role of diet in the management of heart failure (HF). Animal models of HF have provided interesting insight and potential mechanisms by which dietary manipulation may improve cardiac performance and delay the progression of the disease, and small-scale human studies have highlighted beneficial diet patterns. The aim of this review is to summarise the current data available on the role of diet in the management of human HF and to demonstrate that dietary manipulation needs to progress further than the simple recommendation of salt and fluid restriction.
Healthy Aging in Community for Older Lesbians.

PURPOSE In Boston and Outer Cape, Massachusetts, we explored the expectations of lesbians 60 years and older regarding healthy aging and community importance. METHODS Focus groups were conducted with participants after completing an anonymous demographic questionnaire. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes and identify how they varied by urban versus rural settings. RESULTS Group discussions focused on community, finances, housing, and healthcare. Primary concerns included continued access to supportive and lesbian communities as a source of resilience during aging. CONCLUSION Concerns about discrimination and isolation mirror themes found in national research. The study findings suggest a need for more research into the housing and transportation needs of lesbians approaching later life, with a focus on how those needs relate to affordability, accessibility, and proximity to social support and healthcare. These findings also suggest the need for substantial investments in strengthening the LGBT-related cultural competence of providers of services for the elderly.
Measuring Quality of Care

Until recently, we relied primarily on professional judgment to ensure that patients received high-quality medical care. Hospitals routinely monitored poor outcomes, such as deaths or infections, to identify ways to improve the quality of care. In rare cases, medical societies reviewed the performance of physicians. However, monitoring of and improvement in quality were generally left to individual clinicians. This situation has changed dramatically. We have learned that practice patterns and the quality of medical care vary much more than many people had realized, our ability to measure the quality of care has advanced considerably, and clinicians are increasingly interested in .
Development of complementary feeding recommendations for 12–23-month-old children from low and middle socio-economic status in West Java, Indonesia: contribution of fortified foods towards meeting the nutrient requirement

Abstract Inadequate nutrient intake as part of a complementary feeding diet is attributable to poor feeding practices and poor access to nutritious foods. Household socio-economic situation (SES) has an influence on food expenditure and access to locally available, nutrient-dense foods and fortified foods. This study aimed to develop and compare complementary feeding recommendations (CFR) for 12–23-month-old children in different SES and evaluate the contribution of fortified foods in meeting nutrient requirements. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in low and medium SES households (n 114/group) in urban Bandung district, West Java province, Indonesia. Food pattern, portion size and affordability were assessed, and CFR were developed for the low SES (LSES) and middle SES (MSES) using a linear programming (LP) approach; two models – with and without fortified foods – were run using LP, and the contribution of fortified foods in the final CFR was identified. Milk products, fortified biscuits and manufactured infant cereals were the most locally available and consumed fortified foods in the market. With the inclusion of fortified foods, problem nutrients were thiamin in LSES and folate and thiamin in MSES groups. Without fortified foods, more problem nutrients were identified in LSES, that is, Ca, Fe, Zn, niacin and thiamin. As MSES consumed more fortified foods, removing fortified foods was not possible, because most of the micronutrient-dense foods were removed from their food basket. There were comparable nutrient adequacy and problem nutrients between LSES and MSES when fortified foods were included. Exclusion of fortified foods in LSES was associated with more problem nutrients in the complementary feeding diet.