Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-pass high-gain tapered free-electron laser with transverse diffraction in the postsaturation regime

It has been well known that the resonant interaction of an ultrarelativistic electron beam and the radiation field in the single-pass high-gain free electron laser (FEL) amplifier leads to the optical gain guiding. The transverse Laplacian term of the slowly varying wave equation in the linear regime can be approximated as a constant detuning parameter, i.e., j∇2⊥j ∼ kR=zR where kR is the resonant wave number and zR is the Rayleigh range of the laser. In the post-saturation regime, the radiation power begins to oscillate about an equilibrium for the untapered case while continues to grow by undulator tapering. Moreover, in this regime the gain guiding decreases and the simple constant detune is no longer valid. In this paper we study the single-pass high-gain FEL performance in the post-saturation regime with inclusion of diffraction effect and undulator tapering. Our analysis relies upon two constants of motion, one from the energy conservation and the other from the adiabatic invariant of the action variable. By constructing a two-dimensional axisymmetric wave equation and the coupled one-dimensional electron dynamical equations, the performance of a tapered FEL in the postsaturation regime can be analyzed, including the fundamental mode profile, the power efficiency and the scaled energy spread. We begin the analytical investigation with two different axisymmetric electron beam profiles, the uniform and bounded parabolic ones. It is found that the tapered FEL power efficiency can be smaller but close to the taper ratio provided the resonant phase remains constant and the beam-wave is properly matched. Such a tapered efficiency is nearly independent of transverse electron beam size before significant electron detrapping occurs. This is essentially different from the untapered case, where the power extraction efficiency is around the essential FEL gain bandwidth (or ρ, the Pierce or FEL parameter) and depends on the beam size. It is also found that the power enhancement due to undulator tapering is attributed more by the field increase outside the transverse electron beam than that inside the transverse electron beam. Several scaling properties on the taper ratio and the transverse electron beam size are also discussed in this paper.
Projecting Confidence: How the Probabilistic Horse Race Confuses and Demobilizes the Public

Recent years have seen a dramatic change in horse-race coverage of elections in the United States—shifting focus from late-breaking poll numbers to sophisticated meta-analytic forecasts that emphasize candidates’ chance of victory. Could this shift in the political information environment affect election outcomes? We use experiments to show that forecasting increases certainty about an election’s outcome, confuses many, and decreases turnout. Furthermore, we show that election forecasting has become prominent in the media, particularly in outlets with liberal audiences, and show that such coverage tends to more strongly affect the candidate who is ahead—raising questions about whether they contributed to Trump’s victory over Clinton in 2016. We bring empirical evidence to this question, using American National Election Studies data to show that Democrats and Independents expressed unusual confidence in a decisive 2016 election outcome—and that the same measure of confidence is associated with lower reported turnout.
Syddansk Universitet Internet-based brief personalized feedback intervention in a non-treatment-seeking population of adult heavy drinkers : a randomized controlled trial

Background: Internet-based interventions for heavy drinkers show promising results, but existing research is characterized by few studies in nonstudent adult populations and few comparisons with appropriate control groups. Objective: To test whether a fully automated Internet-based brief personalized feedback intervention and a fully automated Internet-based personalized brief advice intervention in a non-treatment-seeking population of heavy drinkers would result in a reduced alcohol intake. Methods: We conducted a 3-arm parallel randomized controlled trial in a general population-based sample of heavy drinkers. The 54,157 participants (median age of 58 years) were screened for heavy drinking. Of the 3418 participants who had a weekly alcohol consumption above 14 drinks for women and 21 drinks for men, 1380 (619 women) consented to take part in the trial and were randomly assigned to an Internet-based brief personalized feedback intervention group (normative feedback, n = 476), an Internet-based personalized brief advice intervention group (n = 450), or a nonintervention control group (n = 454). Follow-up after 6 and 12 months included 871 and 1064 participants, respectively, of all groups combined. The outcome measure was self-reported weekly alcohol consumption. We analyzed the data according to the intention-to-treat principle. To examine changes over time and to account for the multiple time measurements, we used a multilevel linear mixed model. To take attrition into account, we used multiple imputation to address missing data. Results: The intervention effect of the Internet-based brief personalized feedback intervention, determined as the mean additional difference in changes in alcohol consumption in the Internet-based brief personalized feedback intervention compared with the control group, was –1.8 drinks/week after 6 months and –1.4 drinks/week after 12 months; these effects were nonsignificant (95% confidence interval –4.0 to 0.3 at 6 months, –3.4 to 0.6 at 12 months). The intervention effect of the Internet-based personalized brief advice intervention was –0.5 drinks/week after 6 months and –1.2 drinks/week after 12 months; these effects were nonsignificant (95% confidence interval –2.7 to 1.6 at 6 months, –3.3 to 0.9 at 12 months). Conclusions: In this randomized controlled trial we found no evidence that an Internet-based brief personalized feedback intervention was effective in reducing drinking in an adult population of heavy drinkers. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00751985; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00751985 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/68WCRLyaP) J Med Internet Res 2012 | vol. 14 | iss. 4 | e98 | p.1 http://www.jmir. org/2012/4/e98/ (page number not for citation purposes) Hansen et al JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
A novel QR-code based watermarking scheme for digital rights

This paper presents a digital rights protection scheme for both colour and grayscale images using a novel approach that combines watermarking and cryptography. The schema involves two parties: the owner of the digital rights and a generic user who acquired some rights on a copy of the image that will be watermarked. The watermark, a QR code derived from a signed “License Agreement”, is repeatedly inserted, and scrambled, by the image right’s owner, into the frequency components of the image, thus producing the watermarked image. The schema, a non-blind type, achieves good perceptive quality and fair robustness using the 3rd level of the Discrete Wavelet Transform. The experimental results show that, inserting more occurrences of a scrambled QR code, the proposed algorithm is quite resistant to JPEG compression, rotation, cropping and salt & peeper noise.
THE FORMATION OF CHEVRON CRACKS IN SUBMERGED ARC WELD METAL

The cause of chevron cracking in multipass submerged arc weld metal has been investigated by welding trials and fractographic studies. The quenching procedure of Tuliani was used in a series of test welds in which the same flux and wire were used throughout, but the weld metal hydrogen content was varied by baking the flux. Chevron cracking was observed at high hydrogen leveis, but cracking was entirely eliminated at low hydrogen levels. Electron fractography demonstrated that both the intercolumnar and transcolumnar crack components were formed at low temperature. Thermal etching and surface smoothing were observed on some crack surfaces, but these effects were shown to be caused by reheating on deposition of subsequent weld beads and thus did not imply a high crack formation temperature. Ultrasonic and magnetic particle inspection were used to detect chevron cracks and the sensitivity of these techniques was determined by comparison with optical microscopy. The morphology and preferred locations of chevron cracking were investigated by optical metallography. A new model of crack nucleation in shear bands is used to explain the observations.
A first introduction to S-Transitional Lotteries

In this paper I shall introduce a new method by which it is possible to study the dynamical decision maker's behaviour. It can be tought of as an application of the S -Linear Algebra of Professor David Carfi, thus this theory it is assumed to be known. I shall focus on the Feynman's propagator and thus the Feynman-Strati propagator. The latter stems form the former. It will be of utmost importance so as to give a meaning to both the evolution and the H-operator by which I shall derive the probability density of this kind of tempered distribution
Health aid and Health Outcomes in Nigeria: The Role of Governance

The move towards financing of health and education to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), agreed in September 2000 at the UN Millennium Summit in New York, became the new global priority. The uncertainty of whether an aid will deliver results brought about the current strategy of disbursing funds directly to governments in LDCs. The goals behind foreign aid has undergone something of a shift, in its quantities and the way it is spent, since early 2000s. This study examine whether foreign aid for health affects the health outcomes in Nigeria and whether other factors, such as the level of transparency of the institutions, are important determinants of health outcomes in the Country. The study used ARDL econometric model to assess the said pattern of relationship and roles. The study findings indicated that foreign aid for health improve health outcomes in Nigeria in both short and long run. It also found that key governance indicators such as, Government Effectiveness, Control of Corruption, Accountability and Voice, Rule of Law, quality of regulation, play a vital role in improving the health outcome of under-five mortality as they tend to reduce it. Furthermore, the study recommends that: Donor agencies should direct health aid to specific health target like reducing under-five mortality rate than taking several health issues at a go. Government at all levels should uphold virtues of good governance as it affects the effectiveness of health aids directed to the country’s health sector by donor agencies.
Disaster management using deep learning on social media

ABSTRACT The main goal of this proposed work is to provide solutions for disaster management using deep learning algorithms on social media images. The MNIST dataset was used to initially build the deep learning models. The images were trained using LeNet5, VGG13, VGG 16 and LSTM deep learning models. Later a dataset containing 3460 images were taken from social media. The labels earthquake, wildfire and floods were used to achieve classification results. The images were trained and validated using LSTM, VGG13 and VGG16. The performance of the algorithms is compared and the disaster response technique is generated based on the image classification and disaster management strategies are provided based on classification.
Preliminary results from the LAZIO-Sirad experiment on board of the International Space Station

F. Altamura, R. Bencardino, V. Bidoli, M. Casolino, M.P. De Pascale, M. Minori, P. Picozza, A. Alvino, S. Ascani, P. Azzarello, R. Battiston, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, S. Blasko, G. Chiocci, D. Cosson, L. Di Masso, G. Esposito, L. M. Farnesini, M. Ionica, S. Lucidi, A. Papi, V. Postolache, S. Rossi, G. Scolieri, L. Bongiorno, S. Dell’Agnello, A. Franceschi, M. Ricci, C. Falcone, S. Tassa, A. Abramov, A.M. Galper, A. Ivanova, A. Kalmikov, M.C. Korotkov, A.V. Popov, A. Buzzi , L. Conti , V. Sgrigna , C. Stagni , D. Zilpimiani, A. Pontetti, L. Valentini M.Durante, V.Guarnieri , C.Lobascio , V.Roca, E. Tracino, R. Vittori (a) Physics Department of ”Tor Vergata University” and Roma II Section of INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy (b) Physics Department and INFN Section of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06100 Perugia, Italy (c) INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati, Italy (d) Nergal S.r. l. Via Baldanzellu 8, 00155 Roma, Italy (e) Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute, Kashirskoe Shosse 31, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia (f) Physics Department of ”Roma III University” Via della vasca navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy (g) Institute of geophysics, Georgian Accademy of Science (GAS) and National Space agency of Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia (h) Ferrari BSN, Localit Miole 100, 67063 Oricola (AQ), Italy (i) University of Naples ”Federico II” (j) Aleniaspazio, Strada Antica di Collegno, 10146 Torino (Italy) (k) University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bellini 25/G, 15100 Alessandria, Italy (l) ESA, European Astronaut Centre, Cologne Presenter: M. Casolino (casolino@roma2.infn.it), ita-casolino-M-abs2-sh35-poster
Modelling Pulsar Glitches: The Hydrodynamics of Superfluid Vortex Avalanches in Neutron Stars

Abstract The dynamics of quantised vorticity in neutron star interiors is at the heart of most pulsar glitch models. However, the large number of vortices (up to ≈1013) involved in a glitch and the huge disparity in scales between the femtometre scale of vortex cores and the kilometre scale of the star makes quantum dynamical simulations of the problem computationally intractable. In this paper, we take a first step towards developing a mean field prescription to include the dynamics of vortices in large-scale hydrodynamical simulations of superfluid neutron stars. We consider a one-dimensional setup and show that vortex accumulation and differential rotation in the neutron superfluid lead to propagating waves, or ‘avalanches’, as solutions for the equations of motion for the superfluid velocities. We introduce an additional variable, the fraction of free vortices, and test different prescriptions for its advection with the superfluid flow. We find that the new terms lead to solutions with a linear component in the rise of a glitch, and that, in specific setups, they can give rise to glitch precursors and even to decreases in frequency, or ‘anti-glitches’.
Moment-based Specification Tests for Random Effects Dynamic Probit Models

The maximum likelihood estimation of random effects dynamic probit models hinges on strong distributional assumptions. This paper offers simple diagnostic tests to detect possible specification errors for this class of models. We developed two moment-based test statistics by focusing on the marginal, period-by-period conditional mean function of binary outcomes. These statistics follow chi-square distributions asymptotically and are robust to within-individual dependences of panel data. Our Monte Carlo study revealed that they work well in a finite sample. Finally we applied the new testing procedure to an empirical analysis drawn from an existing paper.
Direct Measurement of the Gluon Polarisation in the Nucleon via Charmed Meson Production

We present the first measurement of the gluon polarisation in the nucleon based on the photon-gluon fusion process tagged by charmed meson production and decay to charged K and pi. The data were collected in polarised muon scattering off a polarised deuteron target by the COMPASS collaboration at CERN during 2002-2004. The result of this LO analysis is _x = -0.47 +- 0.44 (stat) +- 0.15 (syst) at ~= 0.11 and a scale mu^2 ~ 13 (GeV/c)^2.
Analysis of psychological teaching assisted by artificial intelligence in sports training courses

ABSTRACT It is difficult to quantify the psychologically assisted teaching process in sports training courses. In order to improve the teaching efficiency and practical effects of sports training courses, based on machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, this paper uses HRV signals to identify and evaluate the stress state of the human body. Moreover, this paper analyzes the characteristics of heart rate variability reflecting the activity of the heart’s autonomic nervous system, and finds out the pattern of change displayed under different stress states, so that the detection of psychological stress can be easily realized. Methodology: In addition, this paper uses related methods and technologies in the field of machine learning to establish a mental health prediction model based on sports training, and applies it to the auxiliary teaching of sports training courses. Results: Finally, this paper designs experiments to study the performance of the system constructed in this paper. The research results show that the model constructed in this paper has good performance and can play a certain effect in practice.
A Novel Dark-Channel Dehazing Algorithm Based on Adaptive-Filter Enhanced SSR Theory

Low visibility in foggy days results in less contrasted and blurred images with color distortion which adversely affects and leads to the sub-optimal performances in image and video monitoring systems. The causes of foggy image degradation were explained in detail and the approaches of image enhancement and image restoration for defogging were introduced. The study proposed an enhanced and advanced form of the improved Retinex theory-based dehazing algorithm. The proposed algorithm achieved novel in the manner in which the dark channel prior was efficiently combined with the dark-channel prior into a single dehazing framework. The proposed approach performed the first stage in dehazing within the dark channel domain through implementation with an adaptive filter. This novel approach allowed for the dark channel features to be efficiently refined and boosted, a scheme, which according to the obtained results, significantly improved dehazing results in later stages. Experimental results showed that this approach did little to trade-off dehazing speed for efficiency. This makes the proposed algorithm a strong candidate for real-time systems due to its capability to realize efficient dehazing at considerably rapid speeds. Finally, experimental results were provided to validate the superior performance and efficiency of the proposed dehazing algorithm.
Web Application Development for Inferential Statistics using R Shiny

The rapid development of world technology has a major influence in the world of education and can be used to support learning activities. Regarding the rapid advancement of computers, statistics learning can be done with many online computer simulations. Computer simulation and visualization in supporting statistics learning is necessary to design program well. This can increase interest, motivation and understanding in learning statistics both theory and application, so it is not boring. Many frameworks can be used to build website-based applications; one of them is the Shiny Web Framework. Shiny is a package of the R programming language that makes the users easily build web-based applications. By using R-shiny, the users are not required to master R program because it has friendly and interactive web-based menus. Therefore, R-shiny is very good as a complement in statistic learning that the users are able to focus more on statistical concepts without being limited their ability to master statistical software.
Effect Of Neural Mobilization And PNF Stretching On Hamstring Flexibility In Working Women.

Background: Hamstring flexibility is considered as a prerequisite for normal mobility and function as its inflexibility has been related with development of soft tissue and musculoskeletal injuries. There are reports of higher incidence of ‘Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders’ (WMSD) in working women and majority of them have been linked to tight muscles, especially, hamstrings. Hence, need arises to find out simple yet efficacious therapeutic intervention that can counter the hamstring tightness and ameliorate its negative effects. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching and Neural Mobilization (NM) techniques are coming up as promising methods to augment flexibility in athletes. However, effectiveness of these interventions needs to be examined in other population groups. Objective: To investigate and compare the effectiveness of PNF stretching with combined effects of PNF stretching and Neural Mobilization (NM) on the hamstring flexibility in working females. Materials and Methods: 24 females aged 25-40 years with hamstrings tightness as demonstrated by 20o loss in Active Knee Extension (AKE) and Straight Leg Raise (SLR) less than 70o were included in study and randomly allocated to two groups. Group A (n=12) received PNF stretching only while Group B (n=12) was administered PNF stretching followed by NM to hamstrings muscle. Both the groups received 20 intervention sessions, i.e. 5 days per week for a total period of 4 weeks. AKE and SLR were measured before and after 4 weeks of intervention. Results: The results revealed that hamstring flexibility significantly improved in both groups after 4 weeks of intervention. Further, between the group comparison demonstrated that non-significant differences existed in improvement scores of AKE (t=1.86,p=0.075) and SLR (t=1.51,p=0.14 ) indicating that both interventions were equally effective in improving hamstring flexibility in working women. Conclusion: Finding of present study revealed that neural mobilisation component when applied in combination with PNF stretching did not produced any additional benefits in terms of hamstring flexibility among working women.
The technique development of non-washing of mineral fertilizers in the soil through the screen formed on the interpolymer complex basis

The problem of global climate change is on the agenda of mankind, not only because of the average annual temperature rise on the planet but also because of changes in the entire geosystem, rising global oceans, melting ice and permanent glaciers, increasing uneven rainfall, changing river flow patterns and climate instability, other changes involved. The world pays special attention to research work to develop technologies for the management and efficient use of water resources. In particular, it is important to conduct research to develop new water-saving irrigation technologies using cheap and chemical, and technical means.
Minimisation strategies for the determination of parton density functions

We discuss the current minimisation strategies adopted by research projects involving the determination of parton distribution functions (PDFs) and fragmentation functions (FFs) through the training of neural networks. We present a short overview of a proton PDF determination obtained using the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) optimisation algorithm. We perform comparisons between the CMA-ES and the standard nodal genetic algorithm (NGA) adopted by the NNPDF collaboration.