Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergency nurses’ perceptions of leadership strategies and intention to leave: A scoping review of the literature

Background: The critical clinical issue arising from the emergency department is the increase in nursing vacancy rate. The issue is multifaceted, why nurses may lack the capability for an extensive career in emergency. A topic requiring urgent attention, as the specialty is at a crossroads with an evolution of increased volume of presentations, and amplified burden of disease. The problem selection has a specific goal in mind to shift current practice and to learn more about the role of the leader in relation to the issue. Methods: This narrative review involved an electronic search of databases including PubMed, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Google Scholar. Peer reviewed journals were accessed with the inclusion criteria: English language, full text, and published dates between 2008 and current. Search terms included “emergency nurse”, “leadership”, “emergency nurse retention”, “emergency new graduate nurses” “sys-tematic review for emergency nurse retention”. Results: Current literature on the topic addresses the issue why emergency departments are continually hav-ing their nursing human resources depleted at a steady rate. One of the key factors that influence this is work environment (high levels of occupational stress, frustra-tions and horizontal violence causing toxic, high-pres-sure environments). Coupled with understaffing, poor nurse to patient ratios, low nurse morale can cause a vicious cycle of decreased staff satisfaction Discussion: Strategies to mitigate emergency nurse attrition rates require strong management and leadership. While investigating the relationship between authentic leadership
Fine ‐ Scale Modeling of Individual Exposures to Ambient PM 2.5 , EC, NO x , and CO for the Coronary Artery Disease and Environmental Exposure (CADEE) Study

: Air pollution epidemiological studies often use outdoor concentrations from central ‐ site monitors as exposure surrogates, which can induce measurement error. The goal of this study was to improve exposure assessments of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and carbon monoxide (CO) for a repeated measurements study with 15 individuals with coronary artery disease in central North Carolina called the Coronary Artery Disease and Environmental Exposure (CADEE) study. We developed a fine ‐ scale exposure modeling approach to determine five tiers of individual ‐ level exposure metrics for PM 2.5 , EC, NO x , and CO using outdoor concentrations, on ‐ road vehicle emissions, weather, home building characteristics, time ‐ locations, and time ‐ activities. We linked an urban ‐ scale air quality model, residential air exchange rate model, building infiltration model, global positioning system (GPS) ‐ based microenvironment model, and accelerometer ‐ based inhaled ventilation model to determine residential outdoor concentrations (C out_home , Tier 1), residential indoor concentrations (C in_home , Tier 2), personal outdoor concentrations (C out_personal , Tier 3), exposures (E, Tier 4), and inhaled doses (D, Tier 5). We applied the fine ‐ scale exposure model to determine daily 24 h average PM 2.5 , EC, NO x , and CO exposure metrics (Tiers 1–5) for 720 participant ‐ days across the 25 months of the CADEE study. Daily modeled metrics showed considerable temporal and home ‐ to ‐ home variability of C out_home and C in_home (Tiers 1–2) and person ‐ to ‐ person variability of C out_personal , E, and D (Tiers 3–5). Our study demonstrates the ability to apply an urban ‐ scale air quality model with an individual ‐ level exposure model to determine multiple tiers of exposure metrics for an epidemiological study, in support of improving health risk assessments.
Picturing the “Hordes of Hated Barbarians”: Islamic State Propaganda, (Self)Orientalism, and Strategic Self-Othering

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of research into the Islamic State’s (IS) visual communications output. The current article provides a conceptual contribution to this literature by developing an original framework for the analysis of the group’s propaganda. Drawing together postcolonial and political communications scholarship, it shows how IS photopropagandists have sought to mobilize civilizational discourses surrounding the “dangerous Orient” as a core feature of its image operations. More provocatively, the article argues that the group has weaponized the Orientalist image in order to strike fear into the hearts and minds of its enemies. Using visual discourse analysis, and focusing on images produced within the group’s propaganda alongside their remediation by Western media and political actors, the article develops the concept of strategic self-Othering to show how IS successfully harnesses the discursive power of Orientalism in its messaging, thus feeding into a wider posttruth communications style that prioritizes shocking, fear-inducing imagery over notions of truth and reason.
Peripheral-Free Calibration Method for Redundant IMUs Based on Array-Based Consumer-Grade MEMS Information Fusion

The MEMS array-based inertial navigation module (M-IMU) reduces the measurement singularities of MEMS sensors by fusing multiple data processing to improve its navigation performance. However, there are still existing random and fixed errors in M-IMU navigation. The calibration method calibrates the fixed error parameters of M-IMU to further improve navigation accuracy. In this paper, we propose a low-cost and efficient calibration method to effectively estimate the fixed error parameters of M-IMU. Firstly, we manually rotate the M-IMU in multiple sets of different attitudes (stationary), then use the LM-calibration algorithm to optimize the cost function of the corresponding sensors in different intervals of the stationary-dynamic filter separation to obtain the fixed error parameters of MEMS, and finally, the global fixed error parameters of the M-IMU are calibrated by adaptive support fusion of the individual MEMS fixed error parameters based on the benchmark conversion. A comparison of the MEMS calibrated separately by the fusion-calibration algorithm and the LM-calibration algorithm verified that the calibrated MEMS array improved the measurement accuracy by about 10 db and reduced the dispersion of the output data by about 8 db compared to the individual MEMS in a multi-dimensional test environment, indicating the robustness and feasibility of the fusion calibration algorithm.
Preparation and control of intelligent automation systems

In the automation systems of tomorrow, it is likely that the devices included have various degrees of autonomy, and include advanced algorithms for perception and control. Human operators will be expected to work together with collaborative robots as well as with roaming robots for material handling. The volatile nature of the environment of such intelligent automation systems lead to an enormous amount of possible situations that can arise and which need to be suitably handled. This complexity makes development of control systems for intelligent automation systems difficult using traditional methods. As an alternative, this thesis presents a model-based control framework, which uses a combination of formal specification and automated planning. The proposed framework allows for defining the intentions of the automation system on a high level, which enables decisions that influence when things should occur to be modeled using logical constraints, rather than programming. To achieve a modular framework, low level, reusable, resource models are composed by 1) formal specification to ensure safety and 2) applying an abstraction called an operation, which couples the reusable resources to the intentions of the system. By planning also the resources’ detailed actions, the operations can, when possible, be completed regardless of the resources’ current state. This eases error-recovery, as resources do not have to be reset when an error occurs. Additionally, the thesis proposes an iterative and interactive workflow for integrating the proposed model-based control framework into a virtual preparation process, using computer based simulation as a tool for validating formal specifications. The control framework allows for adding new constraints to a running system, enabling an efficient and interactive preparation process. The framework has been applied to a use case from final assembly, which features human-robot collaboration. Experimental results on the ability to handle unforeseen errors and planning performance are presented.
Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Harvesting Diverse Water Kinetic Energy

The water covering the Earth’s surface not only supports life but also contains a tremendous amount of energy. Water energy is the most important and widely used renewable energy source in the environment, and the ability to extract the mechanical energy of water is of particular interest since moving water is ubiquitous and abundant, from flowing rivers to falling rain drops. In recent years, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been promising for applications in harvesting kinetic energy from water due to their merits of low cost, light weight, simple structure, and abundant choice of materials. Furthermore, TENGs can also be utilized as self-powered active sensors for monitoring water environments, which relies on the output signals of the TENGs caused by the movement and composition of water. Here, TENGs targeting the harvest of different water energy sources have been systematically summarized and analyzed. The TENGs for harvesting different forms of water energy are introduced and divided on the basis of their basic working principles and modes, i.e., in the cases of solid–solid and solid–liquid. A detailed review of recent important progress in TENG-based water energy harvesting is presented. At last, based on recent progresses, the existing challenges and future prospects for TENG-based water energy harvesting are also discussed.
A Taxonomy of Tools and Approaches for FAIRification

The FAIR principles have drawn a lot of attention since their publication in 2016. A broad range of stakeholders is confronting the implementation of these guiding principles in diverse contexts. This paper identifies and discusses the tools and approaches emerging from stakeholders’ experiences adopting the FAIR principles in practice. In particular, 225 open access grey literature papers (namely, deliverables, milestones and data management plans) on FAIRification have been scrutinised to infer tools and approaches in use. The wealth of emerging tools (477) has been carefully analysed and organised into a comprehensive map highlighting the significant classes of instruments supporting FAIRification. A critical discussion on this collection of tools and approaches and the FAIRification completes the paper.
Effect of 10-Minute Pretreatment with PCMBS on ' 4 C-Assimilate Accumulation in Maize Pedicels and Pedicel Cups during a 180

Sugar, amino acid, and "C-assimilate release from attached maize (Zea mays L.) pedicels was studied following treatment with several chemical inhibitors. In the absence of these agents, sugar release was nearly linear over a 7-hour period. At least 13 amino acids were released with glutamine comprising over30% of the total. Release was not affected by potassium concentration, 10-minute pretreatments with p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid (PCMBS) or dithiothreitol, and low concentrations of CaC12. Three hours or more exposure to PCMBS, dinitrophenol, N-ethylmaleimide, or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid strongly inhibited "C-assimilate, sugar, and amino acid release from the pedicel. These treatments also reduced 'C-assimilate movement into the kernel bases. It is, therefore, likely that reduced unloadings caused by these relatively long-term exposures to chemical inhibitors, was related to reduced translocation of assimilates into treated kernels. Whether this effect is due to disruption of kernel metabolism and sieve element function or reduced assimilate unloading and subsequent accumulation of unlabeled assimilates within the pedicel tissues cannot be determined at this time.
TeV blazars and their distance

Recently, a new method to constrain the distance of blazars with unknown redshift using combined observations in the GeV and TeV regimes has been developed, with the underlying assumption that the Very High Energy (VHE) spectrum corrected for the absorption of TeV photons by the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) via photon-photon interaction should still be softer than the gamma-ray spectrum observed by Fermi/LAT. The constraints found are related to the real redshifts by a simple linear relation, that has been used to infer the unknown distance of blazars. The sample will be revised with the up-to-date spectra in both TeV and GeV bands, the method tested with the more recent EBL models and finally applied to the unknown distance blazars detected at VHE.
Sex differences in decision-making: Identifying multisensory behavioral differences in males and hermaphrodites

This present study uses C. elegans as a model to investigate how sex differences can influence sensory behavior and decision-making when encountering conflicting cues. We use a multi-sensory behavioral assay to characterize the differences between hermaphrodites and male worms when escaping from a food lawn during exposure to repulsive odors, such as, 2-nonanone. We find that male worms show a delayed food leaving during exposure to 2-nonanone when compared to hermaphrodite worms, and this is observed across multiple repulsive cues (2-nonanone and undiluted benzaldehyde) and multiple food types ( E. coli (OP50) and Comamonas sp ). Overall, this study provides a platform to further investigate how sensory-dependent decision-making behavior differs between sexes.
The ethnicity pay gap in the English NHS

This report examines differences in basic pay between ethnic minority staff and White staff employed by the NHS in England based on data from the NHS electronic staff record for one month (December 2017). As well as drawing on previous analyses on the ethnicity pay gap among doctors 1 and the gender pay gap by ethnicity 2 , it explores pay differences across the entire NHS workforce and alternative ways of comparing staff groups – by occupation, pay system and pay band.
Assessment of Anxiety, Depression, Work-Related Stress, and Burnout in Health Care Workers (HCWs) Affected by COVID-19: Results of a Case–Control Study in Italy

This study aims to investigate whether HCWs infected with COVID-19 may experience potential psychological consequences and a higher incidence of depression, anxiety, work-related stress, and burnout compared to non-infected HCWs. A case–control study with 774 participants was conducted comparing COVID-19-infected HCWs (cases) and non-infected HCWs (controls) from the Occupational Medicine Unit at the Teaching Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, who were administered the same questionnaire including Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire. No differences in the levels of burnout and decision latitude were found between the two groups. Cases showed higher level of anxiety and job demand compared to controls. In contrast, levels of depression in the case group were significantly lower compared to the control group. The results are indicating the need for workplace health promotion activities based on stress and burnout management and prevention. Multiple organizational and work-related interventions can lower the impact of mental health-related issues in the COVID-19 pandemics, including the improvement of workplace infrastructures, as well as the adoption of correct and shared anti-contagion measures, which must include regular personal protective equipment supply, and the adoption of training programs that deal with mental health-related issues.
Decoherence in semiconductor solid-state quantum computers

In this dissertation we discuss decoherence in charge qubits formed by multiple lateral quantum dots in the framework of the spin-boson model and the Born-Markov approximation. We consider the intrinsic decoherence caused by the coupling to bulk phonon modes and electromagnetic environmental fluctuations. In the case of decoherence caused by phonon coupling, two distinct quantum dot configurations are studied and proposed as setups that mitigate its nocive effects : (i) Three quantum dots in a ring geometry with one excess electron in total and (ii) arrays of quantum dots where the computational basis states form multipole charge configurations. For the three-dot qubit, we demonstrate the possibility of performing oneand two-qubit operations by solely tuning gate voltages. Compared to a previous proposal involving a linear three-dot spin qubit, the three-dot charge qubit allows for less overhead on two-qubit operations. For small interdot tunnel amplitudes, the threedot qubits have Q factors much higher than those obtained for double-dot systems. The high-multipole dot configurations also show a substantial decrease in decoherence at low operation frequencies when compared to the double-dot qubit. We also discuss decoherence due to electromagnetic fluctuations in charge qubits formed by two lateral quantum dots. We use effective circuit models to evaluate correlations of voltage fluctuations in the qubit setup. These correlations allows us to estimate energy (T1) and phase (T2) relaxation times of the the qubit system. We also discuss the dependence the quality factor Q shows with respect to parameters of the setup, such as temperature and capacitive coupling between the electrodes. iii To my parents Myrthes and Geraldo, for always encouraging and believing in me.
Sampling wildlife in wilderness Constraints to wilderness visitation Climate change and wilderness fi re Germany, Brazil

A major challenge to maintaining the integrity of wilderness areas in a warming world will be adapting to changing disturbance regimes. Projections from both simulation models and empirical studies suggest that fire extent and probably fire severity will increase under the warmer drier conditions predicted by most global climate models. Projections are limited, however, not only simply because burnable area is finite, but also because water-balance dynamics may decouple existing relationships between drought and area burned across many landscapes, particularly forested wilderness areas. Disturbance interactions, and interactions between global warming and human-caused stresses such as air pollution, may compromise the ability of wilderness areas to respond to climate change. Adaptive strategies must be creative and flexible, especially considering the limited acceptability of active manipulations, such as assisted migration and fuel treatments, in
Atomistic Simulation of La and Mn-Doped PbBi 2 Nb 2 O 9 Aurivillius Phase

This study aims to determine the effect of Mn 3+ and La 3+ dopants on the structure of PbBi 2 Nb 2 O 9 (PBN) using atomistic simulation. PBN phase geometry was optimized before the Mn 3+ and La 3+- doped phase. Mn 3+ partially substituted octahedral Nb 5+ in the perovskite layer. While La 3+ partially substituted Bi 3+ in the bismuth layer and dodecahedral Pb 2+ in the perovskite layer. The concentration (x) of dopants that doped PBN was made in such a way that it produces a phase of Pb 1-2 x Bi 1.5 + 2 x La 0.5 Nb 2- x Mn x O 9 ( x = 0, 0.1, and 0.3) which was not charged. The simulation results showed that the optimized PBN cell parameters were in a good agreement with the experimental result. Increasing the concentration of dopants result in the Pb 1-2 x Bi 1.5+ 2 x La 0.5 Nb 2- x Mn x O 9 phase (PBNM-Bi and PBNM-A) being less stable, as indicated by the increased lattice energy. PBNLM-Bi structures experiences an elongation which was showed by the cell parameters of c increase while a and b decrease. La 3+ prefers to occupy bismuth oxide layer rather than the dodecahedral A -site of the perovskite layer. The results of this simulation can explain the PBLNM structure of experimental results that do not pay attention to the multiplicity of doped PBN with certain dopant concentrations.
The Problem of Merge

: Focusing on biolinguistic considerations, Merge is a formal operation proposed by theoretical linguistics and linked to specific principles of neural computation. In this sense, Merge can be viewed as a natural operation of the brain. Merge is commonly claimed to be a digital operation. To a first approximation, digital computation is the processing of strings of digits according to general rules defined over these digits. However, it seems that neural processes are not digital computations. These conflictive claims, e.g. the digital characterization of Merge and the non-digital characterization of the brain, leads to the following scenario: either Merge is an operation that is not realized in the brain or Merge is realized in the brain but not digitally. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the problems of each thesis.
attenuates load-related activation during a working memory task: Relation to level of to

: A low level of response to alcohol is a major risk factor for the development of alcohol dependence, but neural correlates of this marker are unclear. Ten healthy volunteers were classified by median split on level of response to alcohol and underwent 2 sessions of functional magnetic resonance imaging following ingestion of a moderate dose of alcohol and a placebo. The blood oxygen level-dependent activation to an event-related visual working memory test was examined. The subjects exhibited longer response latencies and more errors as a function of increasing working memory load and showed a load-dependent increase in activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Abstract Background : A low level of response to alcohol is a major risk factor for the development of alcohol dependence, but neural correlates of this marker are unclear. Method : Ten healthy volunteers were classified by median split on level of response to alcohol, and underwent two sessions of functional magnetic resonance imaging following ingestion of a moderate dose of alcohol and a placebo. The blood oxygen level dependent activation to an event-related visual working memory test was examined. Results : The subjects exhibited longer response latencies and more errors as a function of increasing working memory load, and showed a load-dependent increase in activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and visual cortex. Alcohol did not affect performance (errors or response latency), but attenuated the working memory load-dependent activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. During the placebo condition, individuals with a low level of response to alcohol showed greater activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex than those with a high level of response to alcohol. During the alcohol condition, groups showed similar attenuation of load-dependent brain activation in these regions. Conclusion : Low level responders relative to high-level responders exhibited an increased working memory load-dependent activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex when not exposed to alcohol. This increase in brain response was attenuated in low level responders after ingesting a moderate dose of alcohol.
TRIPLANAR CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH FOR LIVER TUMOR SEGMENTATION

In this study, an automatic method based on Triplanar Convolutional Neural Network is proposed for liver tumor segmentation using Computed Tomography (CT) images. The triplanar views consist of axial, sagittal and coronal planes and these three planes are fed into the Convolutional Neural Network input streams to automatically learn discriminative features for segmenting tumor from liver CT images. The preliminary results show that Triplanar Convolutional Neural Network approach has better performance than Single-view Convolutional Neural Network approach in liver tumor segmentation.