Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Sexist Humor and Rape Proclivity: The Moderator Effect of Aversiveness Ratings

The aim of this study is to explore the effect of exposure to sexist humor about women on men’s self-reported rape proclivity. Earlier studies have shown that exposure to this type of humor increases rape proclivity and that funniness responses to jokes are a key element to consider. However, the role of aversiveness responses has not been studied. In a between-group design, 109 male university students are randomly exposed to sexist or nonsexist jokes. Participants are asked to rate the jokes according to their degree of funniness and aversiveness. Participants’ levels of hostile and benevolent sexism were also measured. Results about the relationship between sexist attitudes and sexist humor and the relationship between sexist attitudes and rape proclivity are consistent with those of earlier studies. However, exposure to sexist humor affects rape proclivity only when aversiveness shown to this type of humor is low. The results are discussed in the light of the prejudiced norm theory.
Bats jamming bats: Food competition through sonar interference

Competing bats jam one another's signal Animals that live in large social colonies may benefit from many aspects of group living, but also have to contend with many of the downsides of living and foraging, with countless neighbors. Corcoran and Conner show that Mexican free-tailed bats, which live in colonies that can number in the hundreds of thousands, deal with this high level of competition for food by actively jamming competitors' echolocation. The interfering bats produce an ultrasonic signal just as the foraging bat produces its feeding call, effectively jamming the echolocation signal and causing the forager to miss its target. Science, this issue p. 745 Mexican free-tailed bats compete with one another for food by sonically interfering with the echolocation of competitors. Communication signals are susceptible to interference (“jamming”) from conspecifics and other sources. Many active sensing animals, including bats and electric fish, alter the frequency of their emissions to avoid inadvertent jamming from conspecifics. We demonstrated that echolocating bats adaptively jam conspecifics during competitions for food. Three-dimensional flight path reconstructions and audio-video field recordings of foraging bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) revealed extended interactions in which bats emitted sinusoidal frequency-modulated ultrasonic signals that interfered with the echolocation of conspecifics attacking insect prey. Playbacks of the jamming call, but not of control sounds, caused bats to miss insect targets. This study demonstrates intraspecific food competition through active disruption of a competitor’s sensing during food acquisition.
Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, and Alcohol Use Among a Sample of Foreign-Born Southeast Asian Women in an Urban Setting in the United States

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious global public health issue. At least one in three women worldwide has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused during her lifetime. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, more than three women in the United States die every day from physical abuse suffered at the hands of an intimate partner. IPV is defined as violence that occurs within the private sphere, generally between individuals who are related through intimacy, blood, or law. When perpetrated against women, IPV is generally understood to include physical, sexual, and psychological abuse by intimate male partners.
The Relationship Between Seclusion and Restraint Use and Childhood Abuse Among Psychiatric Inpatients

Seclusion and restraint (S/R) is a controversial topic in the field of psychiatry, due in part to the high rates of childhood physical and sexual abuse found among psychiatric inpatients. The trauma-informed care perspective suggests that the use of S/R with previously abused inpatients may result in retraumatization due to mental associations between childhood trauma and the experience during S/R. Thus, though one would expect to see efforts on the part of inpatient psychiatric facilities to limit S/R of previously abused inpatients, research suggests that trauma victims may be more likely to experience S/R. The current study sought to clarify this possibility by examining whether presence or absence and chronicity of childhood sexual and physical abuse differed among three groups of adult inpatients (N = 622) residing at a mid-Western state psychiatric hospital. These groups are empirically derived on the basis of dramatic differences in the patterning of their exposure to S/R over the course of hospitalization. Results of Chi-square and Kruskal—Wallis tests suggest that the classes did not significantly differ in presence or absence and chronicity of childhood sexual or physical abuse when male and female inpatients were analyzed separately. However, among the class of inpatients who experienced the most instances of S/R, 70% of the members have histories of childhood abuse. Implications for inpatients, clinicians, and policy makers are discussed.
The Psychosocial Consequences of Child Sexual Abuse in Ethiopia: A Case-Control Comparative Analysis

Child sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a pressing public health concern around the globe. Few existing reports, however, indicate the alarming rate at which the problem is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study is designed to investigate the psychosocial consequences of sexual abuse among child survivors in Ethiopia who were abused mainly through early marriage, rape, and child prostitution. Data are collected from 318 such CSA survivors—and 318 matched, non—sexually abused, normal controls— using the Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-Revised and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The results reveal the CSA survivors to be significantly more symptomatic than the control group: They demonstrated a lower degree of social support, a lower degree of empowerment, as well as a higher degree of guilt and increased likelihood of viewing the world as dangerous. Finally, these CSA survivors show a lower degree of positive self-worth than their non—sexually abused counterparts. These findings have important implications for the formulation of appropriate preventions and interventions to be undertaken by various stakeholders ranging from family to policy makers.
Children’s Experiences of Domestic Violence: Developing an Integrated Response From Police and Child Protection Services

Police notifications of incidents of domestic violence to child protection services constitute an acknowledgement of the harm that domestic violence inflicts on children. However, these notifications represent a substantial demand on child welfare services and the outcomes for children and victims of domestic violence have been questioned. This paper presents findings from the first UK study to examine these notifications in depth and examines the interface between the police and child protection services in responding to domestic violence incidents. The research reports on police interventions in 251 incidents of domestic violence involving children; the communication of information to child protection services and the subsequent filtering and service response. Social workers found that notifications conveyed little information on children’s experiences of domestic violence. Forty per cent of families notified had had no previous contact with child protection services in that area, but those cases most likely to receive social work assessment or intervention were those where the case was already open. Notifications triggered a new social work intervention in only 5% of cases. The study also identified a range of innovative approaches for improving the co-ordination of police and child protective services in relation to children’s exposure to domestic violence. Arrangements that maximized opportunities for police and social workers to share agency information appeared to offer the best option for achieving informed decisions about the appropriate level of service response to children and families experiencing domestic violence.
The Relationship of Violent Fathers, Posttraumatically Stressed Mothers and Symptomatic Children in a Preschool-Age Inner-City Pediatrics Clinic Sample

This study aims to understand if greater severity of maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), related to maternal report of interpersonal violence, mediates the effects of such violence on (a) child PTSS as well as on (b) child externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Study participants were mothers (N = 77) and children 18 to 48 months recruited from community pediatric clinics. Data were analyzed continuously via bivariate correlations and then multiple linear regression. Post hoc Sobel tests were performed to confirm mediation. Paternal violence accounted for 15% of the variance of child PTSS on the PCIP-OR (β = .39, p ≤ .001). While the child’s father being violent significantly predicts child PTSS related to domestic violence, as mentioned, when maternal PTSS is included in the multiple regression model, father’s being violent becomes less significant, while maternal PTSS remains strongly predictive. Sobel tests confirmed that maternal PTSS severity mediated effects of paternal violence on clinician-assessed child PTSS as well as on maternal report of child externalizing and internalizing symptoms. When presented with a preschool-aged child who is brought to consultation for behavioral difficulties, dysregulated aggression, and/or unexplained fears, clinicians should evaluate maternal psychological functioning as well as assess and treat the effects of interpersonal violence, which otherwise may be avoided during the consultation.
Fuzzy neural network for nonlinear-systems model identification

This paper presents a model identification approach of nonlinear systems where only the input-output data of the identified system are available. To automatically acquire the fuzzy rule-base and the initial parameters of the fuzzy model, an unsupervised clustering method is used in structure identification. Based on the cluster result, a fuzzy neural network (FNN) is constructed to match with it. The FNN is trained by its learning algorithm to obtain a precise fuzzy model and realize parameter identification. The network has universal approximation capability, a property very useful in, e.g. modeling and control application. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed technique is confirmed by the simulation results of two nonlinear systems.
Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence, Peer Relations, and Risk for Internalizing Behaviors

The present study examines the quality of peer relations as a mediator between exposure to IPV (intimate partner violence) and internalizing behaviors in a sample of 129 preadolescents and adolescents (ages 10-18), who were interviewed via telephone as part of a multigenerational, prospective, longitudinal study. Relational victimization is also examined as a moderator of IPV exposure on internalizing behaviors. Results demonstrate a significant association of exposure to severe IPV and internalizing behaviors. Relational victimization is found to moderate the effects of exposure to severe IPV on internalizing behaviors. The present findings suggest that the effects of exposure to IPV had a particularly important effect on the risk for internalizing problems if the adolescent also experienced relational victimization. Conversely, the receipt of prosocial behaviors buffer against the effects of IPV exposure on internalizing symptoms in teen girls.
Terapia por Contensão Induzida (TCI) em adolescentes com hemiparesia espástica: relato de caso

INTRODUCTION: The Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a therapeutic protocol proposed as an attempt to overcome the learned nonuse. OBJECTIVE: To assess constraint induced movement therapy protocol effects on two adolescents with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (HCP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two adolescents with HCP aged 12 and 14 years old were included and submitted to a CIMT protocol of three hours/day for three weeks. This study presented an ABA experimental design with a month follow-up. Teenager Motor Activity Log (TMAL) and Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) were used for adolescents' data assessment and the evaluator did not participate on the intervention and was blinded considering evaluation order. RESULTS: There have been improvements in quality, amount and spontaneity of use of the affected upper extremity following CIMT with basis on TMAL. Both patients presented a decrease in time spent to perform WMFT tasks and functional skill improvement was observed. CONCLUSION: This study has shown positive effects CIMT on adolescents with HCP. However, further studies are necessary to confirm the intervention's efficacy in this clinical population.
OPERAS/spl minus/an object-oriented signal processing system architecture simulator

The design of a low-power digital signal processor requires an energy-driven approach to optimize the processing algorithm and hardware architecture over area, time and energy. In addition, the detailed understanding of the interactions between algorithm and architecture is crucial for the overall energy optimized system design and partitioning. To accurately characterize a system, a complete algorithm and architecture need to be simulated together over a representative set of input signals, and the simulator's speed is important. The existing academic and commercial simulation tools lack the ability to efficiently model the energy consumption of a complete system. The authors introduce OPERAS (Object-oriented Power Estimating Restructurable Architecture Simulator), an object-oriented system simulator with power estimation capability. OPERAS's design uses object-oriented principles and efficient C++ language to model and simulate the system behavior. <<ETX>>
Long-term climate forcing by atmospheric oxygen concentrations

Change was in the air The atmospheric fraction of molecular oxygen gas, O2, currently at 21%, is thought to have varied between around 35 and 15% over the past 500 million years. Because O2 is not a greenhouse gas, often this variability has not been considered in studies of climate change. Poulson and Wright show that indirect effects of oxygen abundance, caused by contributions to atmospheric pressure and mean molecular weight, can affect precipitation and atmospheric humidity (see the Perspective by Peppe and Royer). These effects may thus have produced significant changes in the strength of greenhouse forcing by water vapor, surface air temperatures, and the hydrological cycle in the geological past. Science, this issue p. 1238; see also p. 1210 Atmospheric oxygen concentrations may have had an important indirect effect on climate in the distant past. [Also see Perspective by Peppe and Royer] The percentage of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere varied between 10% and 35% throughout the Phanerozoic. These changes have been linked to the evolution, radiation, and size of animals but have not been considered to affect climate. We conducted simulations showing that modulation of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), as a result of its contribution to atmospheric mass and density, influences the optical depth of the atmosphere. Under low pO2 and a reduced-density atmosphere, shortwave scattering by air molecules and clouds is less frequent, leading to a substantial increase in surface shortwave forcing. Through feedbacks involving latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere and marine stratus clouds, surface shortwave forcing drives increases in atmospheric water vapor and global precipitation, enhances greenhouse forcing, and raises global surface temperature. Our results implicate pO2 as an important factor in climate forcing throughout geologic time.
Allografts for Ligamentous Reconstruction of the Knee

As an alternative to autografts, allografts offer several advantages. Reduced surgical morbidity, shorter operative times, and improved cosmesis highlight the advantages of allografts. However, concerns about delayed healing, immunologic response, limited availability, and the potential for disease transmission will always limit their acceptance. Because of these concerns, many surgeons advocate the use of allografts only during revision and multiligament cases in which autograft tissue may be unavailable or insufficient. The authors' experience and clinical research indicate that a properly harvested and processed allograft returns results that are equivalent to autograft. As a result, allografts are increasingly used in primary reconstructions. We believe that when the surgery and rehabilitation are both performed properly, excellent results can be achieved with a variety of graft choices. However, when placed improperly or fixed inadequately, the results will be poor regardless of the graft source.
Voxelated liquid crystal elastomers

Making small actuators more effective Liquid-crystal molecules orient locally in response to external fields. When long-chain liquid-crystalline molecules are crosslinked together, changes in local orientation can lead to significant volume changes. Ware et al. made efficient microactuators that can change their shape from flat to three-dimensional structures (see the Perspective by Verduzco). By patterning volume elements so that each has a different preferred alignment for the liquid-crystalline molecules, they could fine-tune the volume changes. Science, this issue p. 982; see also p. 949 Liquid crystal elastomers are spatially patterned to create microactuators with controlled local volume changes. [Also see Perspective by Verduzco] Dynamic control of shape can bring multifunctionality to devices. Soft materials capable of programmable shape change require localized control of the magnitude and directionality of a mechanical response. We report the preparation of soft, ordered materials referred to as liquid crystal elastomers. The direction of molecular order, known as the director, is written within local volume elements (voxels) as small as 0.0005 cubic millimeters. Locally, the director controls the inherent mechanical response (55% strain) within the material. In monoliths with spatially patterned director, thermal or chemical stimuli transform flat sheets into three-dimensional objects through controlled bending and stretching. The programmable mechanical response of these materials could yield monolithic multifunctional devices or serve as reconfigurable substrates for flexible devices in aerospace, medicine, or consumer goods.
Voices of Strength and Struggle

This article documents the coping strategies adopted by women victims of spousal violence in Pakistan. By drawing on 21 in-depth interviews conducted in Lahore and Sialkot (Pakistan), we found that the women tried to cope with violence by using various strategies, both emotion focused (e.g., use of religion, placating the husband, etc.) and problem focused (e.g., seeking support from formal institutions, etc.). The data showed that a majority of the women used emotion-focused strategies, especially spiritual therapies, which somehow reduced the violence and provided them with psychosocial solace. Nonetheless, these strategies incurred some costs, such as the consumption of scarce resources, time, and emotional energy. Our data also showed that few women opted for problem-focused strategies, such as seeking help from formal institutions, as these strategies could lead to overt confrontation with their husbands and may result in divorce, the outcome least desired by most of the Pakistani women. We noted that the coping behavior of Pakistani women was complex, subjective, and nonlinear and that the boundaries between emotion-focused and problem-focused strategies were diffuse and blurred. Although the women never surrendered to violence, they were fully aware of their structural limitations and vulnerabilities. Being mindful of the consequences of their actions, women carefully tailored a combination of strategies which could be helpful in resisting or reducing violence but, at the same time, should not be counterproductive. This article argues that Pakistani women alone cannot effectively resist violence while living under a harshly patriarchal regime, where violence against women is embedded in the social, political, and legal structures of society. There are no quick fixes to change the status quo. The Pakistani government, civil society, and formal institutions must proactively support women in reducing their vulnerabilities and facilitate them in expanding their capabilities to address the real causes of violence against them.
Parental Psychological Violence and Adolescent Behavioral Adjustment

The role of coping strategies (approach and avoidance) as a mediating factor between parental psychological violence and adolescent behavior problems, both internalized and externalized, as well as the protective role of social support were examined separately for boys and girls. A group of 278 adolescents (mean age: 14.2) were recruited in three high schools located in low, moderate, and high socioeconomic areas. Participants were in the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades, and each completed a self-administered questionnaire. The use of avoidant coping strategies partially mediated the link between parental psychological violence and behavior problems among girls. The use of approach coping strategies partially mediated the link between parental psychological violence and behavior problems among boys. In all cases, coping enhanced this link. No protective role of social support was found. On the contrary, this variable was found to increase the relationship between parental psychological violence and externalized behavior problems among boys. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at strengthening coping skills and social support in adolescents may not be effective in alleviating various behavioral symptoms associated with parental psychological violence. They highlight the importance of prevention of psychologically violent parental practices, instead of only reacting to the problem after it has occurred.
Addressing Data-Centric Security Requirements for IoT-Based Systems

Allowing users to control access to their data is paramount for the success of the Internet of Things, therefore, it is imperative to ensure it, even when data has left the users' control, e.g. shared with cloud infrastructure. Consequently, we propose several state of the art mechanisms from the security and privacy research fields to cope with this requirement. To illustrate how each mechanism can be applied, we derive a data-centric architecture providing access control and privacy guaranties for the users of IoT-based applications. Moreover, we discuss the limitations and challenges related to applying the selected mechanisms to ensure access control remotely. Also, we validate our architecture by showing how it empowers users to control access to their health data in a quantified self use case.
Regeneration of Liver and Kidney

This brief and well-written volume reviews the current knowledge of compensatory growth (regeneration) in liver and kidney after partial removal of organ mass. The authors enhance the value of their presentation by surveying basic concepts in molecular biology, as a background for comparing growth phenomena in the two organs. Much of the material appeared in a series of reviews in the New England Journal of Medicine . Superficially liver and kidney appear to react rather differently to major loss of tissue mass; in the liver the main response is hyperplastic growth, and that in the kidney, cellular hypertrophy. Drs. Bucher and Malt point out, however, that the fundamental difference may, in fact, be largely one of degree. Cellular hypertrophy precedes cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy, and cell proliferation does occur in compensatory growth of kidney under extreme conditions. The underlying question which has stimulated broad interest in compensatory growth relates to