Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION IN TRANSLATION ACTIVITY: FLUENCY OF MACHINE TRANSLATION

Digitalization is one of the key distinctive features of modern environment and social life. Nowadays more and more functions are transferred to the artificial mind. How effective is the replacement of human activity with computer activity? In the given article, this problem is solved by an example of integration of digital technologies into translation activities. It this paper, emphasis is placed on the quality of machine translation (MT) output of legal texts in the language pair English - Slovak. It studies a Criminal Code formulated in the Slovak language which was translated by a human translator into English and consequently via machine translation system Google Translate (GT) back into Slovak. The back-translation - translation of a translated text back into its original language - as a quality assessment tool to detect discrepancies, mistranslations and inevitable differences between the source text and the target text was used. The quality of MT output was evaluated according to Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) standards with the focus on the dimension of ‘Fluency’. The multiple comparisons were applied to determine which issues (errors) in ‘Fluency’ dimension differ from the others. A statistically significant difference is noticed between ‘Agreement’ and other issues, as well as between ‘Ambiguity’ and other issues. The errors in ‘Agreement’ are related to the differences between the languages: English is considered mostly an analytic language, Slovak represents a synthetic language. The issues in the ‘Ambiguity’ dimension correlate with the type of the text being examined, since legal texts are characterized by relatively complicated wording and numerous terms; moreover, accuracy and unambiguity need to be preserved. Generally, the MT output is able to provide users with basic information about the text. On the other hand, most of the segments need revision and/or correction; in such cases, human intervention and post-editing is necessary.
INTERNET DAS COISAS EM SISTEMAS LOGÍSTICOS: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA RECENTE E PERSPECTIVAS DE PESQUISA

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar perspectivas para aplicação de tecnologias IoT em sistemas logísticos cobrindo aspectos teóricos e práticos da área de pesquisa, além de fornecer um portfólio bibliográfico atualizado de estudos que relacionam a temática. Foi realizada uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura objetivando identificar as principais características da área de investigação e de agrupar os estudos teóricos e as perspectivas práticas analisadas. Como resultados, a análise bibliométrica evidenciou o crescimento da área de pesquisa e das revistas científicas mais importantes que publicam conteúdo relacionado a plataformas baseadas em IoT em contextos logísticos. Na análise de conteúdo, as perspectivas são agrupadas em: (i) proposições e requisitos conceituais, (ii) novos métodos e modelos de apoio à tomada de decisão, (iii) desenvolvimento de abordagens de base tecnológica e (iv) estudos empíricos. Como conclusão, é apresentado a descrição de direções para perspectivas futuras, tanto do ponto de vista científico quanto do ponto de vista prático.
CMS spread options

We analyze European options on CMS spreads, obtaining closed form formulas for the values of these instruments. There are three key steps in this analysis. The first step is to create a hybrid numeraire in which the spread is a Martingale. Like other CMS calculations, this reduces valuation to the valuation of standard European options plus quadratic convexity corrections. The second step is to combine the volatility smiles of the individual swap rates and to obtain the smile of the spread . We do this by modeling the volatility smiles of both swap rates by normal SABR models. (In practice this may require using a shifter to convert SABR models with into SABR models with .) We then show that the volatility smile of the spread is also governed by a normal SABR model, and derive the SABR parameters for the spread. The third step is to use the closed-form formulae for quadratic options under the SABR model to obtain explicit formulae for the valuation of European options on CMS spreads. These formulas are not exact, but they are accurate up to , the same accuracy as the original SABR formulas. They also satisfy call-put parity exactly, and are exactly consistent with the valuation of CMS options on the component swap rates and .
Some properties relating to the Mittag–Leffler function of two variables

An attempt is made here to study the Mittag–Leffler function with two variables. Its various properties including integral and operational relationships with other known Mittag–Leffler functions of one variable, pure and differential recurrence relations, Euler transform, Laplace transform, Mellin transform, Whittaker transform, Mellin–Barnes integral representation, and its relationship with Wright hypergeometric function are investigated and established. Also, properties of the Mittag–Leffler function of two variables associated with fractional calculus operators are considered.
Factors influencing Chinese consumer attitudes on the safety of aquatic products

Demand for food by Chinese consumers is shifting from necessities to safer food. We conducted an empirical study of 4,221 consumers of aquatic products in China. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting consumer attitudes on the safety of aquatic products using a multinomial ordinal logistic regression model. The majority of the respondents thought the safety of aquatic products was very important, and thus paid more attention to this attribute. Chinese consumers have high preferences for aquatic products. Preference was highest in eastern China, followed by central China, and lowest in western China. Significant factors affecting the attitudes toward aquatic products include the gender, age, and education level of the consumers, consideration for the elderly and children, perceptions of the food safety of aquatic products, and monthly spending on aquatic products. Consideration for the elderly and children and the perceptions of the food safety of aquatic products were the biggest influencing factors.
Application of Kagan’s Cooperative Learning Structures to Maximize Student Engagement: An Action Research

Aims: This action research attempted to apply and evaluate the impact of Kagan’s Cooperative Learning Structures at Gedu College of Business Studies. Study design: Lim’s [1] Balanced Action Research Model was used in this action research as it captures wide range of action research processes and provides the researchers to validate one's actions through critical analyses and reflections. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in one college under the Royal University of Bhutan for a period of one year (2019-2020). Sample: One first-year Management class was selected as the focus of this action research using purposive sampling technique. Observation and a five-point Likert scale questionnaire were used as data collection tools. There were 45 students and all of them participated in filling out the questionnaire. Methodology: Data were collected using observation and questionnaire. Observation data were analysed using content analysis technique. Out of two general categories of content analysis (conceptual analysis and relational analysis), the researchers used conceptual analysis. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered to collect data on CL structures and student engagement, its feasibility and impact. Responses from the completed questionnaires were entered Original Research Article Dorji et al.; JESBS, 34(3): 54-64, 2021; Article no.JESBS. 68748 55 into SPSS for descriptive analysis. Results: The findings revealed that CL structures like team builders, class builders and team cheers helped the students know their friends better, created a positive learning environment and helped in gaining and retaining students’ attention. Similarly, the findings revealed that CL structures helped in developing positive interdependence and individual accountability, ensured equal participation and encouraged simultaneous interaction in the class. In contrast, the findings revealed that small classroom size, large class strength and classroom furniture that do not support CL structures hindered the application of CL structures. Conclusion: In view of these findings, the researchers recommend that the college plan and come up with classrooms and furniture that support the CL structures in teaching and learning. Further, the college should bring the class strength down as per the teacher-student ratio maintained by the Royal University of Bhutan and provide training and workshops to teachers on CL structures. Finally, teachers should make use of CL structures while teaching to engage, encourage and empower the learners.
Myofibril and Mitochondrial Area Changes in Type I and II Fibers Following 10 Weeks of Resistance Training in Previously Untrained Men

Resistance training increases muscle fiber hypertrophy, but the morphological adaptations that occur within muscle fibers remain largely unresolved. Fifteen males with minimal training experience (24±4years, 23.9±3.1kg/m2 body mass index) performed 10weeks of conventional, full-body resistance training (2× weekly). Body composition, the radiological density of the vastus lateralis muscle using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained 1week prior to and 72h following the last training bout. Quantification of myofibril and mitochondrial areas in type I (positive for MyHC I) and II (positive for MyHC IIa/IIx) fibers was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. Relative myosin heavy chain and actin protein abundances per wet muscle weight as well as citrate synthase (CS) activity assays were also obtained on tissue lysates. Training increased whole-body lean mass, mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area, mean and type II fiber cross-sectional areas (fCSA), and maximal strength values for leg press, bench press, and deadlift (p<0.05). The intracellular area occupied by myofibrils in type I or II fibers was not altered with training, suggesting a proportional expansion of myofibrils with fCSA increases. However, our histological analysis was unable to differentiate whether increases in myofibril number or girth occurred. Relative myosin heavy chain and actin protein abundances also did not change with training. IHC indicated training increased mitochondrial areas in both fiber types (p=0.018), albeit CS activity levels remained unaltered with training suggesting a discordance between these assays. Interestingly, although pQCT-derived muscle density increased with training (p=0.036), suggestive of myofibril packing, a positive association existed between training-induced changes in this metric and changes in mean fiber myofibril area (r=0.600, p=0.018). To summarize, our data imply that shorter-term resistance training promotes a proportional expansion of the area occupied by myofibrils and a disproportional expansion of the area occupied by mitochondria in type I and II fibers. Additionally, IHC and biochemical techniques should be viewed independently from one another given the lack of agreement between the variables assessed herein. Finally, the pQCT may be a viable tool to non-invasively track morphological changes (specifically myofibril density) in muscle tissue.
Performance of Shanghai Composite Index and Sector Indices in The Beginning of Novel Coronavirus Pandemic

This paper aims to quantify the effect of the deadly novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak on Chinese stock market performance. Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index and its component sector indices are examined in this study. The pandemic is represented by a lockdown dummy, new COVID-19 cases and a dummy for 3 February 2020. First, descriptive analysis is performed on these indices to compare their performances before and during the lockdown period. Next, regression analysis with Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity specification is estimated to quantify the pandemic effect on the Chinese stock market. This paper finds that health care, information technology and telecommunication services sectors were relatively more pandemic-resistant, while other sectors were more severely hurt by the pandemic outbreak. The extent to which each sector was affected by pandemic and sentiments in other financial and commodity markets were reported in details in this paper. The findings of this paper are resourceful for investors to avoid huge loss amid pandemic outburst and the China Securities Regulatory Commission in handling future pandemic occurrence to cool down excessive market sentiments.
Development of Modular Bio-Inspired Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for Close Subsea Asset Inspection

To reduce human risk and maintenance costs, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are involved in subsea inspections and measurements for a wide range of marine industries such as offshore wind farms and other underwater infrastructure. Most of these inspections may require levels of manoeuvrability similar to what can be achieved by tethered vehicles, called Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs). To extend AUV intervention time and perform closer inspection in constrained spaces, AUVs need to be more efficient and flexible by being able to undulate around physical constraints. A biomimetic fish-like AUV known as RoboFish has been designed to mimic propulsion techniques observed in nature to provide high thrust efficiency and agility to navigate its way autonomously around complex underwater structures. Building upon advances in acoustic communications, computer vision, electronics and autonomy technologies, RoboFish aims to provide a solution to such critical inspections. This paper introduces the first RoboFish prototype that comprises cost-effective 3D printed modules joined together with innovative magnetic coupling joints and a modular software framework. Initial testing shows that the preliminary working prototype is functional in terms of water-tightness, propulsion, body control and communication using acoustics, with visual localisation and mapping capability.
Validity and reliability of Turkish version of the Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire

Amac: Fiziksel inaktivite, obezite, kardiyovaskuler hastaliklar ve belirli kanser turleri gibi kronik hastaliklarin onemli bir belirleyicisidir. Bu nedenle fiziksel aktivitenin degerlendirilmesi her gecen gun daha da onem kazanmaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci, Yeni Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi'nin (YFAA) saglikli populasyonda gecerliligini, guvenilirligini ve Turkce versiyonunu incelemektir. Gerec ve Yontem: Calismaya toplam 192 yetiskin dahil edildi. YFAA’nin cevirisinde standart "ileri-geri cevirisi" proseduru kullanildi. YFAA’nin gecerliligi icin altin standart olarak Uluslararasi Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi-Uzun Form (UFAA-UF) kullanildi. YFAA guvenilirligi icin anket bir hafta arayla 50 katilimciya yeniden uygulandi. Bulgular: Katilimcilarin 122'si (%63,5) kadin, 70'i (%36,5) erkek ve yas ortalamalari 34,46 ± 9,45 yildi. UFAA-UF toplam puani ile YFAA arasinda yuksek bir korelasyon vardi (r: 0.747, p <0.001). Alt olcekler icin gecerlilik incelendiginde, is ve bos zaman etkinlikleri ile ilgili alt olcekler arasinda anlamli iliski bulunurken, ev ve ulasim alanlari puanlarinda anlamli bir iliski bulunmamistir. Test-tekrar test guvenilirligi, Sinif Ici Korelasyon Katsayisinin (ICC) (0.978 ile 1 arasinda) RPAQ icin anlamli oldugunu gostermistir. Sonuc: YFAA, Turklerde fiziksel aktiviteyi olcmek icin gecerli ve guvenilir bir aractir. YFAA’nin Turkce versiyonu, yetiskin bireylerin fiziksel aktivite duzeylerini degerlendirmek icin guclu bir olcumdur.
Chronos: DDoS Attack Detection Using Time-Based Autoencoder

Cognitive network management is becoming quintessential to realize autonomic networking. However, the wide spread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, increases the risk of cyber attacks. Adversaries can exploit vulnerabilities in IoT devices, which can be harnessed to launch massive Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Therefore, intelligent security mechanisms are needed to harden network security against these threats. In this paper, we propose Chronos, a novel time-based anomaly detection system. The anomaly detector, primarily an Autoencoder, leverages time-based features over multiple time windows to efficiently detect anomalous DDoS traffic. We develop a threshold selection heuristic that maximizes the F1-score across various DDoS attacks. Further, we compare the performance of Chronos against state-of-the-art approaches. We show that Chronos marginally outperforms another time-based system using a less complex anomaly detection pipeline, while out classing flow-based approaches with superior precision. In addition, we showcase the robustness of Chronos in the face of zero-day attacks, noise in training data, and a small number of training packets, asserting its suitability for online deployment.
Simulation based optimization model for logistic network in a multi-stage supply chain network with considering operational production planning "truck loading system and transportation network"

One of the most important fields of logistic network is transportation network design that has an important effect on strategic decisions in supply chain management. It has recently attracted the attention of many researchers. In this paper, a multi-stage and multi-product logistic network design is considered. This paper presents a hybrid approach based on simulation and optimization (Simulation based optimization), the model is formulated and presented in three stages. At first, the practical production capacity of each product is calculated using the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) index, in the second stage, the optimization of loading schedules is simulated. The layout of the loading equipment, the number of equipment per line, the time of each step of the loading process, the resources used by each equipment were simulated, and the output of the model determines the maximum number of loaded vehicles in each period. Finally, a multi-objective model is presented to optimize the transportation time and cost of products. A mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is formulated in such a way as to minimize transportation costs and maximize the use of time on the planning horizon. We have used Arena simulation software to solve the second stage of the problem, the results of which will be explained. It is also used GAMS software to solve the final stage of the model and optimize the transporting cost and find the optimal solutions. Several test problems were generated and it showed that the proposed algorithm could find good solutions in reasonable time spans.
Determining Sex-Based Differences in Inflammatory Response in an Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Model

Introduction Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of injury-related death and morbidity. Multiple clinical and pre-clinical studies have reported various results regarding sex-based differences in TBI. Our accepted rodent model of traumatic brain injury was used to identify sex-based differences in the pathological features of TBI. Methods Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either controlled-cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury; brain tissue was harvested at different time intervals depending on the specific study. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) analysis was performed using infrared imaging to measure fluorescence dye extravasation. Microglia and splenocytes were characterized with traditional flow cytometry; microglia markers such as CD45, P2Y12, CD32, and CD163 were analyzed with t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Flow cytometry was used to study tissue cytokine levels, and supplemented with ELISAs of TNF-⍺, IL-17, and IL-1β of the ipsilateral hemisphere tissue. Results CCI groups of both sexes recorded a higher BBB permeability at 72 hours post-injury than their respective sham groups. There was significant difference in the integrated density value of BBB permeability between the male CCI group and the female CCI group (female CCI mean = 3.08 x 108 ± 2.83 x 107, male CCI mean = 2.20 x 108 ± 4.05 x 106, p = 0.0210), but otherwise no differences were observed. Traditional flow cytometry did not distinguish any sex-based difference in regards to splenocyte cell population after CCI. t-SNE did not reveal any significant difference between the male and female injury groups in the activation of microglia. Cytokine analysis after injury by flow cytometry and ELISA was limited in differences at the time point of 6 hours post-injury. Conclusion In our rodent model of traumatic brain injury, sex-based differences in pathology and neuroinflammation at specified time points are limited, and only noted in one specific analysis of BBB permeability.
Ethnoscientific expertise and knowledge specialisation in 55 traditional cultures

Abstract Abstract People everywhere acquire high levels of conceptual knowledge about their social and natural worlds, which we refer to as ethnoscientific expertise. Evolutionary explanations for expertise are still widely debated. We analysed ethnographic text records (N = 547) describing ethnoscientific expertise among 55 cultures in the Human Relations Area Files to investigate the mutually compatible roles of collaboration, proprietary knowledge, cultural transmission, honest signalling, and mate provisioning. We found relatively high levels of evidence for collaboration, proprietary knowledge, and cultural transmission, and lower levels of evidence for honest signalling and mate provisioning. In our exploratory analyses, we found that whether expertise involved proprietary vs. transmitted knowledge depended on the domain of expertise. Specifically, medicinal knowledge was positively associated with secretive and specialised knowledge for resolving uncommon and serious problems, i.e. proprietary knowledge. Motor skill-related expertise, such as subsistence and technological skills, was positively associated with broadly competent and generous teachers, i.e. cultural transmission. We also found that collaborative expertise was central to both of these models, and was generally important across different knowledge and skill domains.
Fully Implicit Stress Update Algorithm for Distortion-Based Anisotropic Hardening with Cross-Loading Effect: Comparative Algorithmic Study and Application to Large-Size Forming Problem

A fully implicit stress integration algorithm is developed for the distortional hardening model, namely the e−HAH model, capable of simulating cross−hardening/softening under orthogonal loading path changes. The implicit algorithm solves a complete set of residuals as nonlinear functions of stress, a microstructure deviator, and plastic state variables of the constitutive model, and provides a consistent tangent modulus. The number of residuals is set to be 20 or 14 for the continuum or shell elements, respectively. Comprehensive comparison programs are presented regarding the predictive accuracy and stability with different numerical algorithms, strain increments, material properties, and loading conditions. The flow stress and r−value evolutions under reverse/cross−loading conditions prove that the algorithm is robust and accurate, even with large strain increments. By contrast, the cutting−plane method and partially implicit Euler backward method, which are characterized by a reduced number of residuals, result in unstable responses under abrupt loading path changes. Finally, the algorithm is implemented into the finite element modeling of large−size, S−rail forming and the springback for two automotive steel sheets, which is often solved by a hybrid dynamic explicit–implicit scheme. The fully implicit algorithm performs well for the whole simulation with the solely static implicit scheme.