Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of pump control in residential grid-tied solar domestic hot water photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) systems

A study of pump control focusing on active residential grid-connected solar domestic hot water (SDHW) photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) systems was conducted. The main goal was to determine how the two main pump controls for this segment compare, namely the differential temperature static two-level hysteretic control (DTSTLHC) and the differential temperature static saturated hysteretic-proportional control (DTSSHPC), given the dual outputs of PV-T technology: heat and electricity. In order to do so, a dynamic PV-T collector model was developed for use in transient simulations and incorporated into a SDHW PV-T system model. A substantial number of annual simulations for each of the various locations selected were conducted to encompass the best performances using each control, with emphasis on multiple combinations of controller setpoints and mass flow rates. The results show PV-T systems using DTSSHPC and optimised for maximum auxiliary energy savings consistently outperforming those using DTSTLHC and optimised using the same criterion, though the opposite was true when seeking to optimise the electrical efficiency, with those using DTSTLHC performing best. However, the advantages at best correspond to single-digit percentages of the annual thermal energy demand, and less than 0.1% of the annual electrical efficiency. Similarly low performance advantages were reached from the standpoint of primary energy efficiency and load provision cost-effectiveness by using DTSSHPC, though not consistently due to the inability to reconcile electrical, thermal and parasitic performance advantages over DTSTLHC. Moreover, the advantages presented by DTSSHPC are low enough to be offset by one additional maintenance operation, which systems using this control are likelier to require first due to its complexity and higher switching frequencies. Finally, a study on setpoint selection for differential temperature controllers, namely DTSSHPC and DTSTLHC, for use in PV-T systems was also conducted using steady-state methods, which revealed marginal differences between setpoint selection for hybrid and non-hybrid systems.
The Optimization Design of Short-Term High-Overload Permanent Magnet Motors Considering the Nonlinear Saturation

Electric actuators with fast dynamic response and high torque density are widely used in aerospace and industrial applications. In this paper, the design and optimization of a short-term high-overload permanent magnet synchronous motor (STHO-PMSM) is presented. The rated working point is optimized according to the operating conditions of the motor. The effect of electromagnetic load on the extreme torque which mainly include ampoule number and the magnetic energy of the PM is researched. Due to the nonlinear saturation influence, the equivalent magnetic network model is established. The saturation torque discount factor is proposed to quantify the degree of the core magnetic saturation. Winding temperature model is presented to inspect the motor reliability. To verify the feasibility and accuracy of mathematical model analysis (MMA), the performance of the motor in different currents is investigated compared to the finite element analysis (FEA). A prototype motor is manufactured and tested. The results of the MMA, FEA, and experiment show that the designed motor can achieve the high performance with the 10 times overload in a short time. The method of the MMA can relatively accurately predict as well as take less time consumption.
What Do We Learn from Good Practices of Biologically Inspired Design in Innovation?

Biologically inspired design (BID) is an emerging field of research with increasing achievements in engineering for design and problem solving. Its economic, societal, and ecological impact is considered to be significant. However, the number of existing products and success stories is still limited when compared to the knowledge that is available from biology and BID research. This article describes success factors for BID solutions, from the design process to the commercialization process, based on case studies and market analyses of biologically inspired products. Furthermore, the paper presents aspects of an effective knowledge transfer from science to industrial application, based on interviews with industrial partners. The accessibility of the methodological approach has led to promising advances in BID in practice. The findings can be used to increase the number of success stories by providing key steps toward the implementation and commercialization of BID products, and to point out necessary fields of cooperative research.
The Influence of Alcohol and Drugs on Drowning among Victims of Senior Years

Unintentional fatal drowning among older people is an issue as lifespans lengthen and older people embrace active retirement. While pre-existing medical conditions are a known risk factor for drowning among this age group, less is known about the role of alcohol and drugs. This 15-year (1 July 2002 to 30 June 2017) Australian study used coronial data to investigate the impact on older people (aged 65 years and older) of the obtundent effects of prescribed drugs which had been ingested by those with a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Of the closed coronial cases with toxicological information (N = 471), one quarter (24.6%; N = 116) had consumed alcohol prior to drowning (one in seven BAC ≥ 0.05%), of which a third also had obtundent drugs present (33.6%; N = 39). Rivers/creeks/streams and swimming pools were the locations with the highest number of drowning deaths. Bathtubs (36.8%) and rivers/creeks/streams (17.9%) recorded the highest proportion of cases with victims having a BAC ≥ 0.05%. Bathtubs (13.2%), lakes (7.0%), and rivers/creeks/streams (6.8%) recorded the highest proportion of drowning cases with obtundent drug involvement. Obtundent drug involvement was significantly more likely for activities where the person who drowned was alone (i.e., unknown activity) (X2 = 6.8; p = 0.009). Common obtundent drugs included Diazepam, Tempazepam, and Codeine. Advocacy to prevent drowning in older people is a complex challenge, due to the myriad of locations where drowning occurs, the consumption of alcohol, and polypharmacy required for treating illness and maintaining good health.
Negative pressure wound therapy reduces the incidence of postoperative wound dehiscence and surgical site infections after total knee arthroplasty in patients with obesity

Obesity is a risk factor for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Wound dehiscence and surgical site infections (SSIs) are the main complications of TKA in patients with obesity. They can profoundly affect patients because they often require readmission, additional surgical interventions, lengthy intravenous antibiotic administration, and delayed rehabilitation. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) exposes the wound site to negative pressure, resulting in the improvement of blood supply, removal of excess fluid, and stimulation of cellular proliferation of granulation tissue. This study aims to assess the incidence of wound dehiscence and SSIs in patients with obesity undergoing TKA after the routine use of NPWT. This sduty enrolled adult patients with obesity who underwent TKA within 8 years. A total of 360 adult patients with obesity (NPWT: 150, non-NPWT: 210) underwent TKA, and the baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. Compared with the non-NPWT group, the NPWT group had a 50% lower incidence of wound dehiscence (3.33% vs 9.52%; P < .05) and a significantly lower incidence of SSIs (11.33% vs 25.24%; P < .05), including prosthetic joint infection (4.0% vs 10.0%; P < .05) and superficial wound infection (7.33% vs 15.24%; P < .05). In addition, the NPWT group had a lower need to return to the operating room for new interventions for any reason (2.67% vs 9.05%; P = .0107) than the non-NPWT group. Conventional incision NPWT can significantly reduce the incidence of wound dehiscence and SSIs in patients with obesity after TKA.
Disturbance-Observer-Based PBC for Static Synchronous Compensator Under System Disturbances

Passivity-based control (PBC) relies on an accurate mathematical model and thus its performance will be degraded by the weak robustness against parameters uncertainties, modeling error, and external disturbances. Moreover, it cannot achieve zero tracking error of the steady-state current under parameter uncertainties and modeling error. This paper proposes a novel disturbance-observer- (DO) based PBC (DO-PBC) for static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to achieve better stability and dynamic performances against disturbances. A DO that has been introduced into the PBC current loop is used to compensate system disturbances, which can improve the robustness of the control system and eliminate the steady-state tracking error. Moreover, the proposed DO-PBC provides faster responses in handling various kinds of disturbances. Then, the detail design process, stability and robustness analysis, and parameters tuning method are investigated and presented. Also, the proposed method is simple to be implemented by the separation principle. The performance comparisons among the proportional integral, the conventional PBC, and the proposed DO-PBC are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed method against disturbances and the precise current tracking, via simulation tests and experimental tests based on a down-scale laboratory prototype experiment of 380 V STATCOM.
The Geometry of Voting

For any non collegial voting game, σ, there exists a stability dimension v*(σ), which can be readily computed. If the policy space has dimension no greater than v*(σ) then no local σ-cycles may exist, and under reasonable conditions, a σ-core must exist. It is shown here, that there exists an open set of profiles, V, in the c1 topology on smooth profiles on a manifold W of dimension at least v*(σ)+1, such that for each profile in v, there exist local σ-cycles and no σ-core.
A Tiered Approach On Dimensional Reduction Process for Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease

The use of dimensional reduction in the diagnostic system model of coronary heart disease, many same of case do not take into account the clinical procedures commonly used by clinicians in diagnosis. This requires that the examination be done thoroughly, thus making the high cost of diagnosis. This study aims to develop a tiered approach model in reducing dimensions for predicting CHD. The method in this research is divided into several stages, namely preprocessing, building the knowledge base and system testing. Preprocessing consists of several processes, namely the removal of missing value data, grouping attributes, and dividing data for training and testing. Knowledge base modeling is divided into three levels. The first level were the risk factor attributes, the second level were the type of chest pain & ECG, and the third were scintigraphy & coronary angiography. The knowledge base was modeled based on fuzzy rules and its inferencing process using Mamdani method. The first, fuzzy rule-based was obtained by using the FRS study. The second and third stage, using the induction rule algorithm to get the rule, then converted to fuzzy rule. The tested algorithm were C4.5, CART, and FDT. The system testing was performed by the 5-folds cross-validation method, with performance parameters based on population and individual. The test resulted using the Cleveland and Hungarian datasets, the FRS+CART combination was capable of reducing the most attributes and the highest likelihood ratio performance parameter, which was 15.96. FRS+C4.5, at least the attributes were reduced, but has an AUC performance of 80.43%, while FRS+FDT, more reduced attributes than FRS+C4.5, and AUC performance parameters are better than FRS+CART. Dimensional reduction model for prediction of CHD, capable of providing better performance than not tiered.
On static Poincar\'e-Einstein metrics

The classification of solutions of the static vacuum Einstein equations, on a given closed manifold or an asymptotically flat one, is a long-standing and much-studied problem. Solutions are characterized by a complete Riemannian $n$-manifold $(M,g)$ and a positive function $N$, called the lapse. We study this problem on Asymptotically Poincare-Einstein $n$-manifolds, $n\ge 3$, when the conformal boundary-at-infinity is either a round sphere, a flat torus or smooth quotient thereof, or a compact hyperbolic manifold. Such manifolds have well-defined Wang mass, and are time-symmetric slices of static, vacuum, asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes. By integrating a mildly generalized form of an identity used by Lindblom, Shen, Wang, and others, we give a mass formula for such manifolds. In consequence, we observe that either the lapse is trivial and $(M,g)$ is Poincare-Einstein or the Wang mass is negative, as in the case of time symmetric slices of the AdS soliton. As an application, we use the mass formula to compute the renormalized volume of the warped product $(X,\gamma) = (M^3,g) \times_{N^2} (S^1,dt^2)$. We also give a mass formula for the case of a metric that is static in the region exterior to a horizon on which the lapse function is zero. Then the manifold $(X,\gamma)$ is said to have a "bolt" where the $S^1$ factor shrinks to zero length. The renormalized volume of $(X,\gamma)$ is expected on physical grounds to have the form of the free energy per unit temperature for a black hole in equilibrium with a radiation bath at fixed temperature. When $M$ is 3-dimensional and admits a horizon, we apply this mass formula to compute the renormalized volume of $(X,\gamma)$ and show that it indeed has the expected thermodynamically motivated form.
Cloud-Fog Architecture Based Energy Management and Decision-Making for Next-Generation Distribution Network with Prosumers and Internet of Things Devices

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources in next-generation distribution networks has resulted in an explosion of the Internet of Things to upgrade their control and monitoring systems. This poses new challenges for the efficient energy management and reliable decision-making of these systems. This is due to the potentially large amount of data that cannot be handled by the traditional architecture of control and data acquisition systems, which have limited storage and computation capabilities. In order to adapt to the new energy management requirements of next-generation distribution networks, a state-of-the-art energy management method called cloud-fog hierarchical architecture is proposed in this work. Based on this architecture, we established a utility and revenue model for various stakeholders, including normal customers, prosumers, and distribution system operators. Furthermore, by embedding an artificial intelligence module in the proposed architecture, energy management could be implemented automatically. Neural networks were used at fog computing layers to achieve regression prediction of energy usage behavior and power source output. Moreover, based on the maximizing utility objective function, the amount of energy consumption of customers and prosumers in the distribution network was optimized with a genetic algorithm at cloud layer. The proposed methods were tested with a set of normal customers and prosumers in a general distribution network, and the results, including the captured usage patterns of the customers and revenues of various stakeholders, verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. This work provides an effective reference for the development of real-time energy management systems for the next-generation distribution network.
THE IMPACT OF AND RESPONSES TO BREATHLESSNESS : RESULTS FROM A SELF-REPORT SURVEY

Recent findings Evidence continues to demonstrate the significant impact of breathlessness on patients’ quality of life, dayto-day activity, and physical and psychosocial functioning. Recent evidence also confirms that patients draw on a number of self-initiated actions to cope with breathlessness, although many do not use strategies that are supported by a growing body of evidence from randomized controlled trials. Current literature supports the use of multicomponent, nonpharmacological interventions comprising strategies to improve breathing efficiency and reducing psychological distress to manage breathlessness. However trials of these approaches have mostly been conducted among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or lung cancer, and few studies have investigated the benefits of nonpharmacological for patients in later stages of disease. Further investigation of interventions is required across a broader range of chronic life-limiting conditions. Addressing breathlessness and its co-occurring symptoms (symptom clusters) is also an area for future enquiry.
Searching for Visual Singletons Without A Feature to Guide Attention

Abstract RT studies have provided evidence for a singleton-detection strategy that is used to search for salient targets when there is no additional featural knowledge that would help guide attention. Despite this behavioral evidence, there have been few ERP studies of singleton detection mode because it was reported early on that the ERP signature of attentional selection (the N2pc) is absent without feature guidance. Recently, however, it was discovered that a small and relatively late N2pc occurs in singleton detection mode along with a previously unreported component called the singleton detection positivity (SDP). Here, we show that both components are influenced by the number of items in the display, as one might expect in a salience-based search mode. Specifically, the N2pc and SDP were larger when the set size was increased to make the singleton “pop out” more easily, when participants responded more quickly regardless of set size, and when RT search slopes were negative (Experiment 1). The latency of the SDP also depended on set size. In Experiment 2, EEG was recorded with a higher density electrode array to better characterize the scalp topography of the components and to estimate their neural sources. Regional sources near the ventral surface of extrastriate cortex in the occipital lobe explained over 96% of N2pc and SDP activities. These results indicate that searching in singleton detection mode selectively modulates processing within perceptual regions of visual cortex.
HIV viral transcription and immune perturbations in the CNS of people with HIV despite ART

People with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience elevated rates of neurological impairment, despite controlling for demographic factors and comorbidities, suggesting viral or neuroimmune etiologies for these deficits. Here, we apply multimodal and cross-compartmental single-cell analyses of paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood in PWH and uninfected controls. We demonstrate that a subset of central memory CD4+ T cells in the CSF produced HIV-1 RNA, despite apparent systemic viral suppression, and that HIV-1–infected cells were more frequently found in the CSF than in the blood. Using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq), we show that the cell surface marker CD204 is a reliable marker for rare microglia-like cells in the CSF, which have been implicated in HIV neuropathogenesis, but which we did not find to contain HIV transcripts. Through a feature selection method for supervised deep learning of single-cell transcriptomes, we find that abnormal CD8+ T cell activation, rather than CD4+ T cell abnormalities, predominated in the CSF of PWH compared with controls. Overall, these findings suggest ongoing CNS viral persistence and compartmentalized CNS neuroimmune effects of HIV infection during ART and demonstrate the power of single-cell studies of CSF to better understand the CNS reservoir during HIV infection.
Highly efficient CRISPR-mediated large DNA docking and multiplexed prime editing using a single baculovirus

Abstract CRISPR-based precise gene-editing requires simultaneous delivery of multiple components into living cells, rapidly exceeding the cargo capacity of traditional viral vector systems. This challenge represents a major roadblock to genome engineering applications. Here we exploit the unmatched heterologous DNA cargo capacity of baculovirus to resolve this bottleneck in human cells. By encoding Cas9, sgRNA and Donor DNAs on a single, rapidly assembled baculoviral vector, we achieve with up to 30% efficacy whole-exon replacement in the intronic β-actin (ACTB) locus, including site-specific docking of very large DNA payloads. We use our approach to rescue wild-type podocin expression in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patient derived podocytes. We demonstrate single baculovirus vectored delivery of single and multiplexed prime-editing toolkits, achieving up to 100% cleavage-free DNA search-and-replace interventions without detectable indels. Taken together, we provide a versatile delivery platform for single base to multi-gene level genome interventions, addressing the currently unmet need for a powerful delivery system accommodating current and future CRISPR technologies without the burden of limited cargo capacity.
Transgenic zebrafish larvae as a non-rodent alternative model to assess pro-inflammatory (neutrophil) responses to nanomaterials

Abstract Hazard studies for nanomaterials (NMs) commonly assess whether they activate an inflammatory response. Such assessments often rely on rodents, but alternative models are needed to support the implementation of the 3Rs principles. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) offer a viable alternative for screening NM toxicity by investigating inflammatory responses. Here, we used non-protected life stages of transgenic zebrafish (Tg(mpx:GFP)i114) with fluorescently-labeled neutrophils to assess inflammatory responses to silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NMs using two approaches. Zebrafish were exposed to NMs via water following a tail fin injury, or NMs were microinjected into the otic vesicle. Zebrafish were exposed to NMs at 3 days post-fertilization (dpf) and neutrophil accumulation at the injury or injection site was quantified at 0, 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 h post-exposure. Zebrafish larvae were also exposed to fMLF, LTB4, CXCL-8, C5a, and LPS to identify a suitable positive control for inflammation induction. Aqueous exposure to Ag and ZnO NMs stimulated an enhanced and sustained neutrophilic inflammatory response in injured zebrafish larvae, with a greater response observed for Ag NMs. Following microinjection, Ag NMs stimulated a time-dependent neutrophil accumulation in the otic vesicle which peaked at 48 h. LTB4 was identified as a positive control for studies investigating inflammatory responses in injured zebrafish following aqueous exposure, and CXCL-8 for microinjection studies that assess responses in the otic vesicle. Our findings support the use of transgenic zebrafish to rapidly screen the pro-inflammatory effects of NMs, with potential for wider application in assessing chemical safety (e.g. pharmaceuticals).