Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer-aided Semantic Signature Identification and Document Classification via Semantic Signatures

Computer-aided Semantic Signature Identification and Document Classification via Semantic Signatures Uday Kiran Para In this era of textual data explosion on the World Wide Web, it may be very hard to find documents that are similar to the documents that are of interest to us. To overcome this problem we have developed a type of semantic signature that captures the semantics of target content (text). Semantic signatures from a text/document of interest are derived using the software package semantic signature mining tool (SSMinT). This software package has been developed as a part of this thesis work in collaboration with Sri Ramya Peddada. These semantic signatures are used to search and retrieve documents with similar semantic patterns. Effects of different representations of semantic signatures on the document classification outcomes are illustrated. Retrieved document classification accuracies of Euclidean and Spherical K-means clustering algorithms are compared. A Chi-square test is presented to prove that the observed and expected numbers of documents retrieved (from a corpus) are not significantly different. From this Chisquare test it is proved that the semantic signature concept is capable of retrieving documents of interest with high probability. Our findings indicate that this concept has potential for use in commercial text/document searching applications.
Pola Grammar for Automated Marking of Malay Short Answer Essay-Type Examination

The efforts to mark essay-typed examination automatically for English have been started since 1960s. But, there was not many attempted to mark the Malay essay-typed examination automatically. One of works to mark the Malay essay-typed examination was conducted to mark the History subject that focused on the temporal values of the essays rather than the sentence structure of the Malay language. The subjective nature of sentence construction makes the process to identify the important points addressed in the essays difficult to be carried out. Short answer essay-typed examination requires the students to answer the questions with sentences in a short paragraph. While marking the examination scripts manually, the lecturers or teachers have to identify the sentence similarity between the sentences in the answers scripts and answer scheme. The answers scripts have to be carefully read and understood by the examiner in order to award fair marks. Sentence similarity is defined as the sentences that have similar meaning but different from the words used or sentence structure. The problems in this research are solved by using pola grammar techniques where the sentence similarity is identified by a representation of the Malay language structure and a Malay verbs synonymous thesaurus. Pola grammar produces a Grammatical Relations (GRs) representation. The technique is an enhancement of the four basic Malay language representations. The representations are Noun Phrase + Noun Phrase (NP+NP), Noun Phrase + Verb Phrase (NP+VP), Noun Phrase + Preposition Phrase (NP+PP), and Noun Phrase + Adjective Phrase (NP+AP). In order to recognize the sentence structure, a finite state automata (FSA) is constructed based on the pola grammar rules. The effectiveness of the FSA is computed in an application known as an Automatic Marking System for Short Answer Essay-typed examination (AMS-SAE). There are two tests conducted using AMS-SAE, first, 78 short answer essays in the form of simple, complex and conjoined sentences have been computed for their similarity. The results show that the average scores different to human for simple sentences is 0.032, complex is 0.113 and conjoined is 0.042. Second, the answers from a three questions for a compiler examination is recorded and tested with AMS-SAE and human. Each question which has 30 to 45 answers in the form of short essay-typed has proved that AMS-SAE can be accepted to produce similar marks to human when the Mann-Whitney test and t-test have shown that the marks have a strong significant relationship.
Translating English terms of address in Cry, the Beloved Country into Zulu

Through the use of a stylised imitation of the language of the Authorised Version of the Bible, in Cry, the Beloved Country, Alan Paton produces marked lexis and grammar to create the illusion that the Zulu characters are actually speaking (and thinking) in Zulu. This means that the English terms of address used by the Zulu characters in this novel would pose special problems for the Zulu translator. C.L. S. Nyembezi, who translated this novel as Lafa Elihle Kakhulu, realised that he would not be able to translate certain aspects of the terms of address literally, as that would imply impoliteness in Zulu culture. He therefore resorted to cultural substitution and addition as translation strategies in order to ensure that the translated novel will be acceptable to Zulu readers.
Refining the Test Phase of Usability Evaluation: How Many Subjects Is Enough?

Attention has been given to making user interface design and testing less costly so that it might be more easily incorporated into the product development life cycle. Three experiments are reported in this paper that relate the proportion of usability problems identified in an evaluation to the number of subjects participating in that study. The basic findings are that (a) 80% of the usability problems are detected with four or five subjects, (b) additional subjects are less and less likely to reveal new information, and (c) the most severe usability problems are likely to have been detected in the first few subjects. Ramifications for the practice of human factors are discussed as they relate to the type of usability test cycle employed and the goals of the usability test.
The World's Most Popular Open Source Database

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FLUF: A FLexible Unification Formalism - Syntax and Semantics

The report presents the FLexible Unification Formalism (FLUF) as our solution of a flexible unification-based formalism for natural language processing. For this formalism we give both a declarative and an operational semantics based on the theory for term rewriting systems and narrowing. We also give some results about soundness and completeness. This work has been supported by the Swedish Research Council for Engineering Sciences (TFR).
Distance Education: An Exploration of Alternative Methods and Types of Instructional Media in Teacher Education

Universities currently are exploring an array of instructional media to facilitate the delivery of instruction. Consensus from the studies indicates that there is no significant difference in the achievement of students who participate in traditional or online coursework. However, little research has compared traditional learning with the new multimedia online technologies that are becoming more prevalent in distance education. This study investigated the achievement, student satisfaction, and instructor course evaluations of pre-service general education students who participated in three special education courses in which a variety of instructional media and methods were used. The media used were: (a) a traditional classroom, (b) an online classroom (WebCT), and a (c) class-in-a-box via multimedia CD-ROMs. The various methods used to deliver the instructional content included PowerPoint notes, lecture notes, digital videos, and the textbook. Results of the study revealed that there were no significant differences found between the achievement of the students and the three conditions (e.g., traditional classroom, the online classroom, or the class-in-a-box via multimedia CD-ROMs). Also, no significant differences were found in the student satisfaction of the three groups. All were satisfied with the type of media of instruction in which they participated. Finally, the instructor course evaluation results completed by the three groups were not significantly different, indicating that the three groups evaluated the instructor and the instructional media similarly. The implications of these results for delivering courses via distance education are discussed.
Experiencing freefall: a journey of pedagogical possibilities

Experiencing Freefall is an inquiry into outdoor experiencing. It focuses on both my experiences with a group of Grade 10 students in an outdoor adventure education program and my personal experiencing of the outdoors. I explore the awareness we embody within moments of unexpected happenings while negotiating Whitewater rapids or searching for a handhold while clinging to the side of a cliff face. Also in this thesis I explore the 'phenomena of experiencing' which emerges out of our actions and interactions within outdoor activities. The challenge of this dissertation is capturing in prose, the phenomena of experiencing and 'embodied awareness' arising through such unexpected instances. Hence, the thesis, in trying to articulate the complexity of experiencing in the outdoors, uses stories, poetry and the metaphor of life, breath, and mountaineering to invite the reader on a journey of inquiry. This thesis escorts the reader, like a true pedagogue, into an outdoor environment of experiencing that opens the reader to ponder pedagogical possibilities. I explore several themes in the thesis which include 'freefall,' community, 'turning points,' and 'embodied respect' using a methodology of 'enactive inquiry. ' The thesis takes a journey through each theme by weaving students' stories from the study, my own personal stories of the unexpected, and the theory of enaction. The thesis creates an opportunity for readers to embrace their own struggles, fears, and inquiry. Through the use of outdoor stories to illustrate moments of freefall into the unfamiliar or unknown, we may imagine pedagogical possibilities. As an enactive inquiry, this research thesis embodies an "education" or way of being, living, experiencing that explores unexpected happenings. In articulating an ecological perspective of experiencing, the thesis juxtaposes encounters in the outdoors with enactive theory to move beyond traditional representationalist models of cognition. Specifically, I focus on the embodied awareness that arises through phenomena of experiencing and its relation to pedagogy. The thesis contributes to the theory of the enactive approach by bringing examples of human experience which unfold, not only our interactions within the ecological web of the outdoor world, but an emergent space of pedagogical possibilities. As such, this thesis is an experiential work through which the reader may realize their own interpreting of possible pedagogies for many educational contexts.
Lint, a C Program Checker

Lint is a command which examines C source programs, detecting a number of bugs and obscurities. It enforces the type rules of C more strictly than the C com- pilers. It may also be used to enforce a number of portability restrictions involved in moving programs between different machines and/or operating systems. Another option detects a number of wasteful, or error prone, constructions which nevertheless are, strictly speaking, legal. Lint accepts multiple input files and library specifications, and checks them for consistency. The separation of function between lint and the C compilers has both historical and practical rationale. The compilers turn C programs into executable files rapidly and efficiently. This is possible in part because the compilers do not do sophisticated type checking, especially between separately compiled programs. Lint takes a more global, leisurely view of the program, looking much more carefully at the compatibili- ties. This document discusses the use of lint , gives an overview of the implementa- tion, and gives some hints on the writing of machine independent C code.
An approach to reduce thread switch frequency for branch

Conditional branch prediction has been an important problem in recent years. With the development of parallel technology, the miss-prediction of conditional branch has given more and more effect on the system performance. The majority of solutions to this problem are to provide more hardware to predict the jump destination, but it costs more power and still leaves a fairly large space for prediction correctness to improve. In my previous research, a method was proposed to improve the prediction correctness by multithreading technology. Method proposed in this paper reduces the power dissipation of this previous method combined with branch predictor estimator as well as keeping fairly high performance.
Data Structure Techniques

notes on data structures and programming techniques (cpsc data structure techniques uregit data structure techniques vmnlaw data structure techniques inyala data structures and techniques for remote computer graphics data structure techniques rakf an overview of use of linear data structure in heuristic data structures and algorithms unitv: sorting: bubble sort, merge sort, insertion sort software design techniques computer science algorithms and data structures eth oberon home page introduction to hashing & hashing techniques kfupm lecture 17 introduction to hashing data collection methods: semi-structured interviews and data from data structure techniques by thomas standish a practical introduction to data structures and algorithm effective techniques for understanding and improving data algorithms and data structures for flash memories cpt 223 introduction to data structure and algorithms sorting and searching algorithms the university of auckland lower bound techniques for data structures erik demaine the basic toolbox max-planck-institut für informatik: home csci 210: data structures maps and hash tables searching algorithms and data structures for combinatorial data structures and algorithm analysis virginia tech data structures, algorithms, and software principles in c data structure techniques deelyey algorithms and data structures: average-case analysis of automated data structure generation: refuting common wisdom data structures and algorithm analysis in c by mark allen teaching data structure design patterns brown university 22c:31 algorithms ch3: data structures data structures and algorithm analysis virginia tech data structure techniques lingardltd techniques for concurrent access to different data language and analysis techniques for ef? cient software indexing and hashing loyola marymount university algorithms and data structures idc-online data structures and programming techniques birdz data structure model answer g.g. u techniques for bandwidth-ef? cient prefetching of linked storage structures file organization and cityu cs models and techniques for proving data structure au data structures and algorithms in java rineshpk.weebly
An em algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation of process factor analysis models

In this dissertation, an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is developed and implemented to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters and the associated standard error estimates characterizing temporal flows for the latent variable time series following stationary vector ARMA processes, as well as the parameters defining the relationship between the latent stochastic vector and the observed scores taking measurement errors into account. Such models have been known as Process Factor Analysis (PFA) models (Browne & Nesselroade, 2005). In the E-step, the complete-data expected log-likelihood, the so-called Q-function, which is the joint likelihood of the manifest variables and the latent time series process variables, is constructed by supposing the latent process variables are observed. In the M-step, the Newton-Raphson algorithm is employed in order to update the parameter estimates. The closed form expressions for the gradient vector and the Hessian matrix of the target function are derived for implementing the M-step of the EM algorithm. Methods for obtaining the associated standard error estimates are developed and implemented. The proposed EM algorithm employs the covariance structure derived by du Toit and Browne (2007) where the influence of the time series prior to the first observation has remained stable and unchanged when the first observations are made. Thus, unlike other conventional structural equation modeling (SEM) software, model implied covariance matrices satisfy the stability condition and are Block-Toeplitz matrices. The proposed algorithm is applied to simulated data in order to ascertain its viability. Specifically, the recovery of the population parameter values of the proposed EM algorithm is studied with simulated data, which is generated so as to follow a PFA model. The performance of the developing method for standard error estimation is evaluated in the simulation study. The results of the simulation study show that the proposed methods for obtaining parameter estimates and the associated standard error estimates for PFA models can be effectively employed both to single-subject time-series analysis and to repeated time-series analysis. Remaining methodological issues for future research are discussed.
Brazilian State’s Domestic-Foreign Export Capacities and Market Orientations in 1990s

(english) We analyze the integration of Brazilian states into domestic and foreign markets from the point of view of their supply conditions. The study period takes in the country’s fast liberalization process with its two sub-periods (1991 and 1997-99). We estimate the states’ domestic and foreign market export capacities by a gravity model of trade in keeping with the work of Redding and Venables (2004a, 2004b). Results show that the states with better foreign export capacities are not necessarily the same as those that perform better on the domestic market, where domestic market trade is measured in terms of inter-state trade. _________________________________ (francais) On analyse l'integration des etats bresiliens au marche domestique et international du point de vue de leurs capacites d'offre dans les annees d'ouverture commerciale. Les donnees disponibles permettent de caracteriser l'evolution entre 1991 (la seule annee disponible pour le debut de periode) et les annees 1997-1998-1999. Notre modele de gravite, inspire de Redding et Venables (2004a, 2004b), estime separement les capacites d'exportation des etats vers le marche domestique et international. Les resultats montrent que les etats les mieux classes en termes de capacites d'exportation vers le marche international ne sont pas les memes que les plus performants sur le marche domestique, c'est-a-dire dans le commerce entre les etats bresiliens. terme d’ autre part.
Security issue and collusion attacks in video watermarking

Dix ans apres son apparition, le tatouage numerique est encore considere comme une technologie jeune. En depit du fait qu’il ait ete introduit pour des applications ayant trait a la securite telles que la protection de droit d’auteur, quasiment aucune etude n’a ete conduite afin d’evaluer la survie des tatouages inseres dans un environnement hostile. Dans cette these, il sera montre qu’un tel manque d’evaluation a aboutit a de graves failles de securite face a des analyses statistiques, que l’on appelle aussi des attaques par collusion. De telles attaques considerent typiquement plusieurs documents tatoues et les combinent afin de produire des contenus non-tatoues. Ce danger est d’autant plus important lorsque de la video numerique est consideree du fait que chaque trame video peut etre vue individuellement comme un document tatoue. Ensuite, differentes ripostes sont introduites pour combattre les faiblesses prealablement isolees. En particulier, le tatouage compensant le mouvement et le tatouage coherent avec le signal seront etudies afin d’obtenir un signal de tatouage qui presente les memes autosimilarites spatio-temporelles que le signal video hote.
Domain-Specific Modeling for Rapid System-Wide Energy Estimation of Reconfigurable Architectures

Reconfigurable architectures such as FPGAs are flexible alternatives to DSPs or ASICs used in mobile devices for which energy is a key performance metric. Reconfigurable architectures offer several parameters such as operating frequency, precision, amount of memory, number of computation units, etc. These parameters define a large design space that must be explored to find energy efficient solutions. Efficient traversal of such a large design space requires high-level modeling to facilitate rapid estimation of system-wide energy. However, FPGAs do not exhibit a high-level structure like, for example, a RISC processor for which high-level as well as low-level energy models are available. To address this scenario, we propose a domain-specific modeling technique that exploits the knowledge of the algorithm and the target architecture family for a given problem to develop a high-level model. This model captures architecture and algorithm features, parameters affecting power performance, and power estimation functions based on these parameters. A system-wide energy function is derived based on the power functions and cycle specific power state of each building block of the architecture. This model can be used to understand the impact of various parameters on systemwide energy and can be a basis for the design of energy efficient algorithms. Our high-level model can be used to quickly obtain fairly accurate estimate of the system-wide energy of data paths configured using FPGAs. We demonstrate our modeling methodology by applying it to two domains. Keywords– domain modeling, energy estimation, energy optimization
The Case For Game Design Patterns

This article proposes to adopt a pattern formalism for game design, based on the work of Christopher Alexander. Alexandrian patterns are simple collections of reusable solutions to solve recurring problems. Doug Church's "Formal Abstract Design Tools" or Hal Barwood's "400 Design Rules" have the same objective: to establish a formal means of describing, sharing and expanding knowledge about game design. [11]
Evaluation of the impact chip multiprocessors have on SNL application performance.

This report describes trans-organizational efforts to investigate the impact of chip multiprocessors (CMPs) on the performance of important Sandia application codes. The impact of CMPs on the performance and applicability of Sandia's system software was also investigated. The goal of the investigation was to make algorithmic and architectural recommendations for next generation platform acquisitions.