Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and piezoelectric properties of sub-80 nm high polycrystalline SrBi2Ta2O9 nanostructures within well-ordered arrays

Well-ordered arrays of sub-80 nm high SrBi2Ta2O9 nanostructures were fabricated on SrTiO3:Nb (111) single-crystal substrates by latex sphere lithography. The as-prepared nanostructures have a pyramid-like shape with around 220 nm lateral dimension at half their height. After annealing, the pyramid-like shape changes due to the formation of nano-sized SrBi2Ta2O9 grains of high crystal anisotropy in the individual nanostructures. Microstructure and piezoelectric properties of the nanostructures were investigated by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy, respectively. Scattering in piezoelectric strain constants d33 was observed, probably arising from varying orientations, high anisotropy, and interfacial diffusion layer of the polycrystalline SrBi2Ta2O9 nanostructures on SrTiO3. The d33 increases continuously with dc bias and reaches 8pm∕V at a bias of 20 V. The size effect on piezoelectric properties of SrBi2Ta2O9 was found to be much less severe than that in B.
$XMM-Newton$ $\Omega$ project: III. Gas mass fraction shape in high redshift clusters

We study the gas mass fraction, $f_{\rm gas},$ behavior in $XMM-Newton$ $\Omega$ project. The typical $f_{\rm gas}$ shape of high redshift galaxy clusters follows the global shape inferred at low redshift quite well. This result is consistent with the gravitational instability picture leading to self similar structures for both the dark and baryonic matter. However, the mean $f_{\rm gas} in distant clusters shows some differences to local ones, indicating a departure from strict scaling. This result is consistent with the observed evolution in the luminosity-temperature relation. We quantitatively investigate this departure from scaling laws. Within the local sample we used, a moderate but clear variation of the amplitude of the gas mass fraction with temperature is found, a trend that weakens in the outer regions. These variations do not explain departure from scaling laws of our distant clusters. An important implication of our results is that the gas fraction evolution, a test of the cosmological parameters, can lead to biased values when applied at radii smaller than the virial radius. From our $XMM$ clusters, the apparent gas fraction at the virial radius is consistent with a non-evolving universal value in a high matter density model and not with a concordance.
Frequency dependent visco-elastic properties of a water nanomeniscus : an AFM study in Force Feedback Mode

Recently, using an Atomic Force Microscope and a single cantilever excited at different frequencies it was shown that water nanomeniscus can exhibit a transition in mechanical responses when submitted to stimuli above few tens of kHz. The use of a single cantilever to explore phenomena at frequencies far from the cantilever resonance frequency is not a common and well-established strategy, and because water meniscus are ubiquitous in nature, we have also studied the water meniscus mechanical response, the stiffness G' (N/m) and the dissipation G"(kg/s), as a function of frequency by using cantilevers with different resonance frequencies. These results, based on classic dynamical AFM technics, confirm the anomalous mechanical response of water nanomeniscus when stimulated at frequencies high enough.
Plan β: core or cusp?

The inner profile of Dark Matter (DM) halos remains one of the central problems in small-scale cosmology. At present, the problem can not be resolved in dwarf spheroidal galaxies due to a degeneracy between the DM profile and the velocity anisotropy beta of the stellar population. We discuss a method which can break the degeneracy by exploiting 3D positions and 1D line-of-sight (LOS) velocities. With the full 3D spatial information, we can determine precisely what fraction of each stars LOS motion is in the radial and tangential direction. This enables us to infer the anisotropy parameter beta directly from the data. The method is particularly effective if the galaxy is highly anisotropic. Finally, we argue that such a test could be applied to Sagittarius and potentially other dwarfs with RR Lyrae providing the necessary depth information.
Spatial and temporal characterization of a Bessel beam produced using a conical mirror

We experimentally analyze a Bessel beam produced with a conical mirror, paying particular attention to its superluminal and diffraction-free properties. We spatially characterized the beam in the radial and on-axis dimensions and verified that the central peak does not spread over a propagation distance of 73 cm. In addition, we measured the superluminal phase and group velocities of the beam in free space. Both spatial and temporal measurements show good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Peat definitions: A critical review

Peatlands are carbon-rich ecosystems that comprise the largest terrestrial carbon store. Peatland preservation has been acknowledged on the global scale as a key nature-based component in addressing climate change. Despite their importance, there is no globally recognised definitions for peat or peatland, which influences efforts in quantifying global peat carbon stocks. We present a critical review on peatland definitions, including peat nomenclature and changing criteria for peatland classification through time. We focus on two important criteria: the minimum depth of the surface organic layer and the minimum percentage of organic carbon. We highlight the disparity between definitions, peatland nomenclature and peatland classifications. It is challenging to determine whether one definition should take precedence over another, even when considering the most common criteria. We propose that future peatland definitions focus on carbon storage and potential greenhouse gas emissions. This involves four physical and chemical characteristics of the peatland deposit: (1) Peatland extent, (2) peat thickness, (3) peat carbon content and (4) peat bulk density (volumetric carbon content). The growth dynamics and carbon flux of the peatland deposit should also become a routine part of inventories. In future, international technical agencies and experts can advise on the standardisation of concept definitions and methods, these must focus on the preservation of peatlands from the perspective of climate science.
The MUSIC of Galaxy Clusters – III. Properties, evolution and Y–M scaling relation of protoclusters of galaxies

ABSTRACT In this work we study the properties of protoclusters of galaxies by employing the MUSIC setof hydrodynamical simulations, featuring a mass-limited sample of 282 resimulated clusterswith available merger trees up to high redshift, and we trace the cluster formation back to z= 1.5, 2.3 and 4. We study the features and redshift evolution of the mass and the spatial dis-tribution for all the cluster progenitors and for the protoclusters, which we deﬁne as the mostmassive progenitors of the clusters identiﬁed at z = 0. A natural extension to redshifts largerthan 1 is applied to the estimate of the baryon content also in terms of gas and stars bud-gets: no remarkable variations with redshift are discovered. Furthermore, motivated by theproven potential of Sunyaev-Zel’dovich surveys to blindly search for faint distant objects, wefocus on the scaling relation between total object mass and integrated Compton y-parameter,and we check for the possibility to extend the mass-observable paradigm to the protoclusterregime, far beyond the redshift of 1, to account for the properties of the simulated objects.We ﬁnd that the slope of this scaling law is steeper than what expected for a self-similarityassumption among these objects, and it increases with redshift mainly for the synthetic clus-ters where radiative processes, such as radiative cooling, heating processes of the gas due toUV background, star formation and supernovae feedback, are included. We use three differentcriteria to account for the dynamical state of the protoclusters, and ﬁnd no signiﬁcant depen-dence of the scaling parameters from the level of relaxation. Based on this, we exclude thatthe dynamical state is the cause of the observed deviations from self-similarity.Key words: methods: numerical – galaxies: clusters – cosmology – cosmology: theory –cosmology : miscellaneous
On the identification of the unrestricted Thurstonian model for ranking data

The estimation of latent variable models with ordinal and continuous, or ranking variables is the research focus of this thesis. The existing estimation methods are discussed and a composite likelihood approach is developed. The main advantages of the new method are its low computational complexity which remains unchanged regardless of the model size, and that it yields an asymptotically unbiased, consistent, and normally distributed estimator.The thesis consists of four papers. The first one investigates the two main formulations of the unrestricted Thurstonian model for ranking data along with the corresponding identification constraints. It is found that the extra identifications constraints required in one of them lead to unreliable estimates unless the constraints coincide with the true values of the fixed parameters.In the second paper, a pairwise likelihood (PL) estimation is developed for factor analysis models with ordinal variables. The performance of PL is studied in terms of bias and mean squared error (MSE) and compared with that of the conventional estimation methods via a simulation study and through some real data examples. It is found that the PL estimates and standard errors have very small bias and MSE both decreasing with the sample size, and that the method is competitive to the conventional ones.The results of the first two papers lead to the next one where PL estimation is adjusted to the unrestricted Thurstonian ranking model. As before, the performance of the proposed approach is studied through a simulation study with respect to relative bias and relative MSE and in comparison with the conventional estimation methods. The conclusions are similar to those of the second paper.The last paper extends the PL estimation to the whole structural equation modeling framework where data may include both ordinal and continuous variables as well as covariates. The approach is demonstrated through an example run in R software. The code used has been incorporated in the R package lavaan (version 0.5-11).
Conformal field theories in d=4 with a helical twist

Within the context of holography we study the general class of $d=4$ conformal field theories (CFTs) after applying a universal helical deformation. At finite temperature we construct the associated black hole solutions of Einstein gravity, numerically, by exploiting a Bianchi $VI{I}_{0}$ ansatz for the bulk $D=5$ metric. At $T=0$ we show that they flow in the IR to exactly the same CFT. The deformation gives rise to a finite, nonzero DC thermal conductivity along the axis of the helix, which we determine analytically in terms of black hole horizon data. We also calculate the AC thermal conductivity along this axis and show that it exhibits Drude-like peaks.
A MULTIBAND STUDY OF THE GALAXY POPULATIONS OF THE FIRST FOUR SUNYAEV–ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTERS

We present first results of an examination of the optical properties of the galaxy populations in Sunyaev–Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) selected galaxy clusters. Using clusters selected by the South Pole Telescope survey and deep multiband optical data from the Blanco Cosmology Survey, we measure the radial profile, the luminosity function (LF), the blue fraction, and the halo occupation number (HON) of the galaxy populations of these four clusters with redshifts ranging from 0.3 to 1. Our goal is to understand whether there are differences among the galaxy populations of these SZE-selected clusters and previously studied clusters selected in the optical and the X-ray. The radial distributions of galaxies in the four systems are consistent with Navarro–Frenk–White profiles with a galaxy concentration of 3 to 6. We show that the characteristic luminosities in griz bands are consistent with passively evolving populations emerging from a single burst at redshift z = 3. The faint-end power-law slope of the LF is found to be on average α ≈ −1.2 in griz. HONs (to m* + 2) for these systems appear to be consistent with those based on X-ray-selected clusters. The blue fraction estimated to 0.36 L*, for the three lower redshift systems, suggests an increase with redshift, although with the current sample the uncertainties are still large. Overall, this pilot study of the first four clusters provides no evidence that the galaxy populations in these systems differ significantly from those in previously studied cluster populations selected in the X-ray or the optical.
A FIRST LOOK AT THE X-RAY POPULATION OF THE YOUNG MASSIVE CLUSTER VVV CL077

Multi-wavelength analysis of the young massive cluster VVV CL077 is presented for the first time. Our Chandra survey of this region enabled the detection of three X-ray emitting stellar members of the cluster, as well as a possible diffuse X-ray component that extends a few arcseconds from the cluster core with an intrinsic flux of (9 ± 3) × 10−14 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 0.5–10 keV band. Infrared spectra we obtained for two of these X-ray point sources show absorption lines typical of the atmospheres of massive O stars. The X-ray spectrum from the visible extent of VVV CL077 i.e., a 15″ radius around the cluster, can be modeled with an absorbed power law with NH = cm−2 and Γ = 2 ± 1. In addition, the X-ray core of VVV CL077 coincides with diffuse emission seen in the infrared band and with a local maximum in the radio continuum map. A possible association with a neighboring H ii region would place VVV CL077 at a distance of around 11 kpc, on the far side of the Norma Arm. At this distance, the cluster is 0.8 pc wide with a mass density of (1–4) × 103 M☉ pc−3.
Reliability and Validity Study of the Turkish Version of the Perceptions of Love and Sex Scale

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Perceptions of Love and Sex Scale. Methods: The sample of this study consists of 384 individuals (71.91% of them were female, 28.09% of them were male) living in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and having a partner. The sociodemographic information form and Perspectives of Love and Sex Scale were used. Statistical Package for Social Sciences 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 software have been used in the statistical analysis of the research data. Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test, Bartlett’s sphericity test, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha test, Spearman’s correlation test, and item-total correlations have been examined within the scope of the validity–reliability study of the scale. The significance level in the research is the type I error rate (α = 0.05). Results: The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the total explained variance is 57.08%. Items 2 and 13 were excluded from the 4-factor and 17-item scale settled by exploratory factor analysis because their factor loads were not appropriate and they disrupted the model fit. When the Cronbach’s alpha test results of the scale are examined, it has been settled that it was 0.702 for the “love is most important" subdimension, 0.861 for the “sex demonstrates love" subdimension, 0.763 for the “love comes before sex" subdimension, and 0.760 for the “sex is declining" subdimension. Conclusion: Consequently, Perceptions of Love and Sex Scale is determined to be a valid and reliable measurement tool.
Silicon-based soft parallel robots 4D printing and multiphysics analysis

Four-dimensional printing has set the stage for a new generation of soft robotics. The applications of rigid planar parallel robotic manipulators are also significant because of their various desirable characteristics, such as lower inertia, higher payload, and high accuracy. However, rigid planar parallel robots are heavy and require different actuators and components. This study introduces a novel technique to produce a light three degrees of freedom soft parallel manipulator at a low cost, which can be stimulated easily. This technique allows researchers to customize the actuator’s design based on the requirement. The robot is made by 3D printing based on fused deposition modelling and a direct ink writing process. The design, development, and additive manufacturing of a soft parallel robot electrothermally driven by a linear silicon-based actuator and polylactic acid parts are presented. Silicon-based soft actuators replace the rigid conventional linear actuators in this study to drive the planar parallel manipulator. The actuation of actuators is conducted using simple heating compared to the conventional rigid actuator. Various heating approaches and configurations are compared and analysed to find the most suitable one for the effective linear stroke of the soft actuator. The finite element model is used to analyse the performance of the electrothermally silicon-ethanol soft actuators in ABAQUS. The kinematics of the planar parallel robotic manipulator are simulated in MATLAB to achieve its workspace. The final soft parallel robot mechanism and the active and passive links are fabricated and tested experimentally.
THE DYNAMICS, APPEARANCE, AND DEMOGRAPHICS OF RELATIVISTIC JETS TRIGGERED BY TIDAL DISRUPTION OF STARS IN QUIESCENT SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES

We examine the consequences of a model in which relativistic jets can be triggered in quiescent massive black holes when a geometrically thick and hot accretion disk forms as a result of the tidal disruption of a star. To estimate the power, thrust, and lifetime of the jet, we use the mass accretion history onto the black hole as calculated by detailed hydrodynamic simulations of the tidal disruption of stars. We go on to determine the states of the interstellar medium in various types of quiescent galactic nuclei, and describe how this external matter can affect jets propagating through it. We use this information, together with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the structure of the relativistic flow, to study the dynamics of the jet, the propagation of which is regulated by the density stratification of the environment and by its injection history. The breaking of symmetry involved in transitioning from one to two dimensions is crucial and leads to qualitatively new phenomena. At early times, as the jet power increases, the high pressure of the cocoon collimates the jet, increasing its shock velocity as compared to that of spherical models. We show that small velocity gradients, induced near or at the source, steepen into internal shocks and provide a source of free energy for particle acceleration and radiation along the jet's channel. The jets terminate at a working surface where they interact strongly with the surrounding medium through a combination of shock waves and instabilities; a continuous flow of relativistic fluid emanating from the nucleus supplies this region with mass, momentum, and energy. Information about the t−5/3 decrease in power supply propagates within the jet at the internal sound speed. As a result, the internal energy at the jet head continues to accumulate until long after the peak feeding rate is reached. An appreciable time delay is thus expected between peaks in the short-wavelength radiation emanating near the jet's origin and the long-wavelength emission produced at the head of the jet. Many of the observed properties of the Swift 1644+57/GRB 110328A event can be understood as resulting from accretion onto and jets driven by a 106 M☉ central mass black hole following the disruption of a sun-like star. With the inclusion of a stochastic contribution to the luminosity due to variations in the feeding rate driven by instabilities near the tidal radius, we find that our model can explain the X-ray light curve without invoking a rarely occurring deep encounter. In conjunction with the number density of black holes in the local universe, we hypothesize that the conditions required to produce the Swift event are not anomalous, but are in fact representative of the jet-driven flare population arising from tidal disruptions.
In the balance: perceptions of work-family balance for women in higher education.

v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.4 Work, Family and Balance.4 Work.4 Higher Education.7 Family.9 Work-family Balance.11 Academia and work-family balance.16 CHAPTER 3: METHODS.21 Data and Sample.21 Variables.22 Dependent variable.22
Comorbid eating disorders among women receiving treatment for substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective Comorbid eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) are common. Most research has explored substance use among individuals with an ED. Few studies describe the prevalence of EDs in samples of women with SUD who are attending treatment. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the point and lifetime prevalence of comorbid ED among treatment-seeking female patients with SUD. Method Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline, six databases were systematically searched to identify studies. Prevalence rates of EDs and/or ED behaviors and methodological factors were extracted from each eligible study. Risk of bias was assessed using the AXIS tool. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool prevalence estimates. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO. Results Full text reviews were conducted on 131 studies and 24 (N = 4767) met inclusion criteria. Point prevalence of disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) was 38.71% and lifetime prevalence 20.95%. The point prevalence of a diagnosed ED was 15.69% and lifetime prevalence was 15.67%. For any ED or disordered eating, the point prevalence was 29.99% and lifetime prevalence was 19.40%. Age was a significant negative moderator for point prevalence of AN which was 5.41%. Conclusions This review indicates that there is a high rate of women attending treatment for SUDs with comorbid EDs and/or DEBs. Implications for treatment approaches and suggestions for future research are provided.
Coherent ψ( 2S ) photo-production in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at

We have performed the ﬁrst measurement of the coherent ψ( 2S ) photo-production cross section in ultra- peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC. This charmonium excited state is reconstructed via the ψ( 2S ) → l + l − and ψ( 2S ) → J /ψ π + π − decays, where the J /ψ decays into two leptons. The analysis is based on an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 22 μb − 1 . The cross section for coherent ψ( 2S ) production in the rapidity interval − 0 . 9 < y < 0 . 9 is d σ coh ψ( 2S ) / d y = 0 . 83 ± 0 . 19 (cid:2) stat + syst (cid:3) mb. The ψ( 2S ) to J /ψ coherent cross section ratio is 0 . 34 + 0 . 08 − 0 . 07 ( stat + syst ) . The obtained results are compared to predictions from theoretical models.