Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Youth Graduates Employment Country Studies of Albania and North Macedonia in Economics Programs

Albania and North Macedonia, as many countries in South-Eastern Europe, struggle with youth unemployment which is persistent, acute and unresponsive to the education of young people in both countries. High school graduates often decide to continue university education for better job perspectives and advancement. High education is often perceived as a guarantee for employment. But statistics show that youth employment faces many challenges and has higher rates compared to other categories of the population. Therefore it is the aim of this study to address a general panorama of the graduated youth employment and unemployment through two case studies: Luigj Gurakuqi (LG) the University of Shkodra in Albania and South-East European (SEE) University in North Macedonia. A framework of comparative analysis with focus investigation of the employability of youth in Albania and North Macedonia is presented. Special attention is given to the economics cohorts of students graduated in the last decade. Questionnaires are delivered to this category of graduated students of two universities. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are presented giving an overall view with the specifics of each university. A statistical technique as logistic regression analysis is used to estimate the correlation between employment/unemployment and the various explanatory variables. Regression analyses of the graduated student's questionnaires of the LG University in Albania and SEE University in North Macedonia show that the GPA of the bachelor program plays an important role in being employed. While only LG University questionnaires results show relationship of variables as gender, time of graduation, and master education level to the employment status of the graduates students.
Birefringence and Polarization Mode Dispersion Phenomena of Commercial Optical Fiber in Telecommunication Networks

The development of optical fibers from attenuation and absorption of fiber material for efficiency and quality has produced several positive results. However, several natural negative factors and environmental errors cause problems such as birefringence and dispersion mode variations. This article therefore proposed a simulation of birefringence and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) to investigate the emergence of interference and efforts towards finding a solution to the problem of optical fiber. Moreover, a single-mode fiber was investigated at the core refractive index and cladded with a core radius and fixed sample for a wavelength of infrared regimes. The performance of fibers was also evaluated through the determination of the PMD value of the fibers. The simulation results showed the difference observed in birefringence produced the power affecting the output. Meanwhile, the PMD also produced the light waves discovered to be experiencing widening pulses in the cladding.
Knowledge Extraction Method for Power Grid Fault Text Based on Ontology

The power industry usually records equipment failures, defects and other information in the form of text, which contains lots of regular patterns. Knowledge extraction in fault text is of great significance to improve efficiency and reduce the labor cost in the power industry. However, the research for knowledge extraction of text information in this field is rare, it is even more difficult to use machine learning algorithms to mine the deep patterns. To solve this problem, a method of knowledge extraction is proposed in this field. We use power equipment fault texts and relevant guidance as raw materials. Firstly, the knowledge base of this field is designed and constructed based on the ontology concepts, including ontology concept base, description base and regular expression base. Then, the knowledge extraction algorithm is designed according to the knowledge base. After that we conduct the knowledge merge operation to make the extraction results more accurate. Experiments on the real fault texts shows the feasibility and the high accuracy of our method when compared with artificial extraction.
Renormalization: Single-photon processes of two-level system in free space

: The investigation on quantum radar requires accurate computation of the state vectors of the single-photon processes of the two-level system in free space. However, the traditional Weisskopf-Wigner (W-W) theory fails to deal with those processes other than spontaneous emission. To solve this problem, we pro-vide a new method based on the renormalization theory. We evaluate the renormalized time-ordered Green functions associated with the single-photon processes, and relate them to the corresponding state vectors. It is found that the ultraviolet divergences generated by the Lamb shift and higher-order interactions can be systematically subtracted in the state vectors. The discussions on spontaneous emission and single-photon absorption are then presented to illustrate the proposed method. For spontaneous emission, we obtain the same results of the W-W theory. For single-photon absorption where W-W theory fails, we ﬁnd that the two-level electric dipole ﬁrst gets excited rapidly and then decays exponentially, and that the efﬁciency of the single-photon absorption declines as the bandwidth of the incident photon becomes narrow. The proposed method can improve the investigation on quantum radar.
Endobronchial Treatment of Benign Endobronchial Neoplasms: in our 10 years of experience

ÖZ Amaç: Bu çalışmada benign endobronşiyal tümörleri olan hastalarda endobronşiyal tedavinin güvenliliği, etkinliği, komplikasyonları ve uzun dönem sonuçları değerlendirildi. Ça­lış­ma­ pla­nı:­ Kasım 2010 Eylül 2019 tarihleri arasında merkezimizde benign endobronşiyal tümör tanısı konulan toplam 53 hasta (39 erkek, 14 kadın; ort. yaş: 53.7 yıl; dağılım, 12-83 yıl) retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların demografik ve klinik özellikleri ve tedavi sonuçları dahil olmak üzere veriler değerlendirildi. Bul gu lar: Bazı hastalarda kriyoterapi ile birlikte kullanılmakla birlikte, diyot lazer, argon plazma koagülasyonu ve elektrokoter ile tüm hastalarda tümör gerilemesi sağlandı. Beş hastada (%9) komplikasyon izlendi. Majör komplikasyonlar iki hastada atriyal fibrilasyon ve bir hastada mekanik ventilasyon gerektiren solunum yetmezliği idi. Minör komplikasyonlar ise, iki hastada minimal kanama idi. Yanıt 39 hastada (%74) çok iyi ve 12 hastada (%23) iyi idi. Endobronşiyal tedavi yöntemleri arasında kriyoterapi gerektiren rezidüel doku oluşumu açısından anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p>0.05). Beş yıllık sağkalım oranı %94 idi. Hastaların hiçbirinde endobronşiyal tedavi ile ilişkili mortalite izlenmedi. So­nuç:­ Kriyoterapi ile birlikte veya olmaksızın, diyot lazer, elektrokoter ve argon plazma koagülasyonu dahil olmak üzere endobronşiyal tedavi yöntemleri, benign endobronşiyal tümörlerin tedavisinde etkili ve güvenlidir.
Diagnostic Yield and Safety of Image-Guided Pleural Biopsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Diagnostic yield (DY) and safety of computed tomography (CT)- and thoracic ultrasound (TUS)-guided biopsies in the diagnosis of pleural lesions have been investigated in a number of studies, but no synthesis of data from the literature has ever been performed. Objectives: We aimed to provide the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the DY and safety of CT- versus TUS-guided biopsy in the diagnosis of pleural lesions. Method: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for all studies reporting outcomes of interest published up to April 2018. Two authors reviewed all titles/abstracts and retrieved selected full text to identify studies according to predefined selection criteria. Summary estimates were derived using the random-effects model. Cumulative meta-analysis assessed the influence of increasing adoption of the procedures over time. Results: Thirty original studies were included in the present review; the number of studies on TUS-guided biopsy was almost three-fold higher than those on CT-guided biopsy. The pooled DYs of the 2 procedures were overall excellent and differed <10%, being 84% for TUS-guided biopsy and 93% for CT-guided biopsy. Safety profiles were reassuring for both the techniques, being 7 and 3% for CT- and TUS-guided biopsy, respectively. DY of ultrasound technique significantly improved over time, while no time effect was observed for CT-guided biopsy. Conclusions: Data show that CT- and TUS-guided biopsies in the diagnosis of pleural lesions are both excellent procedures, without meaningful differences in DYs and safety. Considering that TUS is non-ionizing and easily performed at the bedside, it should be the preferred approach in presence of adequate skills.
Photo-Assisted Hydrogen Transfer from Alcohol to Limonene Catalyzed by [Rh6(CO)16]

Partial hydrogenation of the exo-olefinic bond in limonene to carvomenthene proceeds smoothly by photocatalytic hydrogen transfer from 2-propanol using [Rh6(CO)16] as a catalyst under UV-irradiation in the presence of acetone. Hydrogen gas evolves after the formation of carvomenthene has been completed. 1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl radical formed in the reaction of photochemically excited acetone with 2-propanol serves both as an activator for the catalyst and as a hydrogen source.
CMOS High-Performance 5-2 and 6-2 Compressors for High-Speed Parallel Multipliers

In this article, the design fashion of high-speed 5-2 and 6-2 compressors along with their analysis, has been discussed. With the help of combinational logic consisting of the 4-2 compressor and 3-2 counter structures, a high-performance structure for 6-2 compressor has been obtained which shows significant speed improvement over previous architectures. The optimization is achieved by reducing the carry rippling issue between adjacent compressor blocks. Also, the proposed 6-2 compressor with some modifications will turn into a 5-2 compressor in which latency of the critical path has considerably been reduced, illustrating the superiority of designed circuits. The delay of proposed 5-2 and 6-2 structures is equal to 3.5 and 4 XOR logic gates, respectively, demonstrating speed boosting of 15% and 20% compared to the best-reported architectures. In addition, the power consumption and transistor count of proposed circuits are in reasonable level. Therefore, by considering the Power-Delay Product (PDP), our work will be a good choice for high-speed parallel multiplier design. Post-layout simulation results based on TSMC 90nm standard CMOS process and 0.9V power supply have been presented to confirm the correct functionality of the implemented compressors. These results have also been used as a fair comparison infrastructure between the proposed works and redesignated architectures of previously reported schemes.
Differences between source and new form of the Euler-Bernoulli equation and its solution

In construction of complex robotic and related mechanisms, lightweight materials are often used and they are characterized by flexibility segments. To achieve precise and rapid control of motion of such a mechanism, it is necessary to synthesize their high fidelity model. This would be of great importance for its analysis and synthesis. The work in this paper starts from the first research in this area, and it includes the original form of the Euler-Bernoulli equation and its solution, which, compared with current knowledge, imposes the need for the expansion of the same equation from multiple points of view. The new form of the Euler-Bernoulli equation and its solution are based on current knowledge in robotics, as well as the knowledge of classical mechanics. This is the only way of how to fully preserve the information of the complexity of the kinematics and dynamics of elastic mechanisms.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)‐ and (−)‐cis‐2‐Aminocyclobutanols

The hitherto unknown (+)- and (−)-cis-2-aminocyclobutanols 6a,b and 7a,b, as well as the corresponding benzyloxycyclobutanamines 8a,b, have been synthesized by means of asymmetric reductive amination, with de values of 100% and ee values ranging from 96.9 to 99.8%. The relative cis configuration has been established by NO experiments, whereas the absolute stereochemistry has been deduced from the CD spectra of the corresponding salicylidene derivatives and confirms the like induction at C-1.
Voltammetry as an alternative tool for trace metal detection in peloid marine sediments

Here was demonstrated for the first time a possible application of abrasive stripping voltammetry in the direct measurement of trace metals in anoxic, sulfidic marine sediments (peloid mud) from a small and shallow (0.2-1 m) marine lagoon in Central Dalmatia, Croatia. Trace amounts of sample compounds are transferred to the graphite electrode surface and electrochemical reduction or oxidation processes are followed by the cyclic voltammetry in seawater or 0.55 M NaCl as electrolyte. After a preelectrolysis at potentials ranging from -1.0 to -1.5 V (vs. SCE) a well-defined anodic stripping peak corresponding to the oxidation of metal deposits generated at deposition potentials is obtained around -0.74 V (vs. SCE). The same samples were studied by anodic stripping voltammetry at the Hg electrode and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). ICP-MS showed higher concentrations of trace metals such as Al, Fe, Mo, Mn. A relatively high concentration of reduced sulfur species (RSS) (10-3 M) is determined electrochemically in porewater of the peloid mud, indicating that the magnitude of metal enrichment in the sediments is probably controlled by precipitation with sulfide.
Physiological Effects of the Electrogenic Current Generated by the Na+/K+ Pump in Mammalian Articular Chondrocytes

Background: Although the chondrocyte is a nonexcitable cell, there is strong interest in gaining detailed knowledge of its ion pumps, channels, exchangers, and transporters. In combination, these transport mechanisms set the resting potential, regulate cell volume, and strongly modulate responses of the chondrocyte to endocrine agents and physicochemical alterations in the surrounding extracellular microenvironment. Materials and Methods: Mathematical modeling was used to assess the functional roles of energy-requiring active transport, the Na+/K+ pump, in chondrocytes. Results: Our findings illustrate plausible physiological roles for the Na+/K+ pump in regulating the resting membrane potential and suggest ways in which specific molecular components of pump can respond to the unique electrochemical environment of the chondrocyte. Conclusion: This analysis provides a basis for linking chondrocyte electrophysiology to metabolism and yields insights into novel ways of manipulating or regulating responsiveness to external stimuli both under baseline conditions and in chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis.
Benefit-balance model of combined operation of wind power and pumped storage based on Sharply value method

Reasonable benefit distribution is a key issue in the joint operation of wind power pumped storage. Only by ensuring the fairness of the benefit distribution can the cooperation of wind power pumped storage be carried out for a long time, and then the maximum benefit can be guaranteed. This paper analyses the problem of reasonable distribution of profits from the combined operation of wind power pumped storage from the perspective of cooperative game theory, uses the Shapley value method to distribute the profits obtained from cooperation, and improves them. Factors such as value, input resource level, resource utilization rate, etc., introducing a comprehensive correction factor, thereby establishing an improved profit distribution model of the Shapley value method. The result of the example analysis shows that the improved profit distribution model of Shapley value is more in line with the actual situation, and the interests of various partners are guaranteed to the greatest extent, which is helpful for the long-term cooperation of this cooperation, thereby bringing benefits to the dispatch of the power system. Therefore, the improved Shapley value method is an important method of profit distribution for the combined operation of wind power pumped storage.
Ruddlesden-Popper Phase Formation in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Films

In this work, we give evidences of Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase formation in Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 thin films deposited by multi-target reactive sputtering at a substrate temperature of 520°C onto oxidized silicon wafers comprising a ZrO 2 buffer layer. X-ray diffraction data of films deposited at 520°C revealed the appearance of a Pb 2 (Zr,Ti)O 4 RP phase. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images have proved the presence of a corresponding superstructure with a period of about 1.3 nm. It was nucleated on top of an amorphous, lead-enriched interface layer near the ZrO 2 /PZT interface. At higher substrate temperatures, when this amorphous interface layer disappears, a perovskite structure with a sharp interface was nucleated directly on the ZrO 2 buffer layer.
A portable integrated rainfall and overland flow simulator

This paper describes a prototype of a portable rainfall simulator that can simulate a wide range of rainfall intensities with a kinetic energy similar to that of natural rainfall and, more innovatively, provide simultaneous or independent simulations of rainfall and overland flow at the microplot scale (0.70 m2). The design of the rotating shutter disc makes possible a wide range of rainfall intensities, from 30 to 155 mm/h without changing nozzle type or working pressure. Overland flow intensity can be adjusted from 94 to 573 mm/h depending on nozzle type and working pressure. The flow is applied on the upper side of the experimental plot. The Christiansen coefficient of uniformity of the simulated rainfall varied between 81.4 and 85.1%, and the calculated kinetic energy was >90% the kinetic energy of corresponding natural rain. Special attention was paid to portability. Stainless steel was used whenever possible and the equipment was constructed in modules so that it could easily be dismantled and carried by two people. A telescopic‐type frame allows operation on sloping ground.
Efficient image classification technique for weather degraded fruit images

: Fruit image classification is an ill-posed problem. Many machine learning techniques have been developed until now to improve the classification problem of fruit images. However, the performance of these techniques depends upon the quality of acquired fruit images. Thus, the performance of competitive fruit classification techniques reduces for images captured under poor environmental conditions, such as haze, fog, smog etc. To overcome this issue, type-II fuzzy-based fruit image improvement approach is employed to improve the visibility of weather degraded fruit images. After that, fruit images will be classified using an integrated classification model. The integrated model combines two well-known models (i.e. CNN and RNN). CNN is utilised to evaluate the discriminative features of fruit images. RNN is utilised to asses sequential labels. Extensive analysis shows that the proposed integrated classification model outperforms competitive fruit image classification techniques in terms of accuracy and coefficient of correlation.
Pneumatosis intestinalis: Ischemia vs non-ischemia

Pneumatosis intestinal is a common radiographic finding in Ischemic and Non-Ischemic bowel pathology. It is often a sign of the serious underlying illness and is associated with a poor prognosis. A case of pneumatosis intestinalis with mesenteric ischemia and rare association with abdominal tuberculosis in a young adult is presented here. In the setting of an acute abdomen, rapid evaluation is necessary to identify intraabdominal processes that require emergent surgical intervention.
Kinetic and Reaction Mechanism of CO2 Sorption on Li4SiO4: Study of the Particle Size Effect

Lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) was synthesized by three different techniques: the solid-state reaction, precipitation, and sol−gel (using a microwave oven) methods. The better results were obtained by the two first methods. In the third case, pure Li4SiO4 could not be obtained, because the microwaves produced the lithium sublimation. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption, and thermogravimetric analysis under a flux of CO2. Different particles sizes were obtained as a function of the method of synthesis, and the CO2 sorption analyses gave different results. The particle size modified the stability of the Li4SiO4 during the CO2 sorption/desorption cycles, due to lithium sublimation, as Li2O. Conversely, the isothermal study allowed measuring the kinetic parameters for the chemisorption and diffusion processes, as a function of the particle size. As could be expected, the activation energies obtained, for the small particles, were smaller than thos.
The use of effector gene based-markers to facilitate identification of Fusarium sp. infected shallot in Java, Indonesia

Herlina L, Istiaji B. 2020. The use of effector gene based-markers to facilitate identification of Fusarium sp. infected shallot in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4677-4685. One of the most important diseases and become challenge in breeding resistant variety of shallots in Indonesia is Fusarium disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae (FOC). To discriminate the F. oxysporum into forma speciales is uneasy, often managed through laborious and time-intensive disease assays. , therefore molecular approaches become the most relevant choice. FOCs from Indonesia were examined by molecular criteria based on putative and effector genes-based markers, i.e.: SIX-genes, C5-gene, and CRX1-2-genes. The alignment analysis discovered some regions which sequences highly contained conserved bases, while amplification result bands vary in size, between 400 500 bp. The combined of 7 SIX-genes primers and 3 effector primers (C5 and CRX1-2) used in the clustering analysis of 15 FOC isolates in this study showed that they succeeded in separating 15 FOC isolates into 4 groups through NTSys. Clustering analysis showed that those markers succeeded in grouping 15 FOC isolates into different clades (by coefficient of similarity: 0.69). Phylogenetic analysis based on CRX genes sequence as putative effector genes confirmed that CRX1 and CRX2 genes were able to classify the FOC into their forma speciales. Those effectors genes are potential to serve as marker-templates to facilitate identification of FOC which infested shallots in Indonesia.