Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BILINGUALISM AND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

This conference is unique in my experience because it brings together two relatively unacquainted groups of behavioral scientists, one comprising those who specialize in the fascinating and still largely mysterious process of first-language acquisition and the other comprising those who specialize in the doubly fascinating and mysterious process of second-language acquisition and bilingualism. What links these two groups is a common interest in the developmental sweep of events that characterizes infancy and youth. The hope of the conference planners is that our interchange of experiences will form a new basis of attack on the many mysteries that still exist in both research domains. I share that hope because there are prospects now that an interchange can be mutually beneficial. For a long time, those of us interested in second languages and bilingualism had few models to turn to except those dealing with first-language acquisition; but times have changed, and we now have some ideas of our own about the languageacquisition process that can be useful to those exploring first language. In fact, I’m biased enough to argue that we in the bilingual domain may be getting into the more interesting and richer aspects of language. This comparative richness and complexity of the bilingual domain, however, takes many of us far away from the microtextures of codes to much broader issues. For instance, as social psychologists, we view language acquisition as inextricably associated with matters like ethnolinguistic identity, with problems of communication between language groups, with membership or quasi membership in more than one cultural group, with ethnolinguisticgroup contacts, with shared versus distinctive group values, etc. Then, as psychologists, we view language as one aspect of cognition, inextricably tied to thought. These wider ranging concerns of course can take us too far away from the details of code acquisition, making our work vulnerable to the criticism that we are preoccupied prematurely with macro issues while the associated micro issues still are understood poorly. What I hope to do is demonstrate how necessary both macro and micro approaches are to a real understanding of the developmental sweep of events in which we all share an interest. My plan is to describe bilingualism and language acquisition as separate developmental processes and to focus on the ways in which the two processes interact.
Small-Signal Analysis and Control of Snubberless Naturally Clamped Soft-Switching Current-Fed Push–Pull DC/DC Converter

This article presents detailed small-signal modeling and closed-loop control design for transient performance evaluation of a high-frequency snubberless isolated current-fed push–pull dc–dc converter. The topology attains the natural commutation of semiconductor devices through zero current switching. The state-space averaging technique is employed to derive the transfer functions. A two-loop average current controller is designed and implemented on a digital signal processor to evaluate and demonstrate the transient performance of the converters. A complete procedure for a closed-loop control design is illustrated. Simulation results using PSIM 11.1. 64 with the designed controller are shown to validate the stability of the system. Experimental results demonstrated satisfactory transient performance at various load conditions of the converter and validated the derived model and the control design.
REDEFINITION OF REIMERIA SINUATA (GREGORY) KOCIOLEK & STOERMER AND RECOGNITION OF REIMERIA UNISERIATA NOV. SPEC.

Reimeria sinuata (Greg.) Kociolek & Stoermer is split into two species. The valve structure of materials from Argentina was studied in the SEM and compared with others from South Africa, North America and Europe and also with other taxa of the genus Reimeria. The specific characteristics of Reimeria uniseriata nov. spec, are uniseriate striae; 16-30 areolae in 10 μm with C-shaped foramina and one apical pore field in each pole, positioned over the mantle and valve face.
Evolutionary relationships between morphology, performance and habitat openness in the lizard genus Niveoscincus (Scincidae: Lygosominae)

Abstract Correlations between an animal's morphology and ecological parameters such as habitat characteristics emphasize the intimate link between phenotype and the environment, but are often difficult to interpret because the functional consequences of morphological variation are frequently unknown. We provide one of the few studies relating limb morphology, functional capabilities, and habitat in reptiles. We tested the hypothesis that species occupying open microhabitats would possess relatively longer limbs and faster sprint speeds than those occurring in more closed microhabitats. A number of morphological characteristics relevant to locomotion were quantified, including the length of the bones of the fore- and hindlimbs and body size. A phylogenetic analysis was then used to examine the evolutionary relationships between morphology, locomotor performance and microhabitat openness in seven species of Niveoscincus and one species of the closely related genus Pseudemoia . A significant evolutionary relationship was established between sprinting ability, morphology, and the openness of the microhabitat occupied by a species. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated an evolutionary trend in Niveoscincus of species occupying open microhabitats (e.g. N. greeni , N. ocellatus ) being large with long limbs and high sprinting ability, while those occupying closed microhabitats (e.g. N. coventryi , P. entrecasteauxii ) are smaller with short limbs and much slower maximum sprint speeds.
Hatching of Daphnia sexual eggs. I. Intraspecific differences in the hatching responses of D. magna eggs

SUMMARY 1 To test the hypothesis that the variability in hatching response of the sexual eggs of Daphnia has a genetic component, hatching after a standardized decapsulation technique was studied in different D. magna families, resulting from intra- as well as interclonal crosses. 2 There were significant differences in hatching response between families. Average hatching rates ranged from 0.0% to 81.9%, depending on the family under study. 3 Offspring-on-parent regressions indicate that the hatching rate-of sexual eggs is to a large extent determined by the genotype of the mother (maternal inheritance). 4 Our results suggest that there is ample generic variation on a microgeographic scale for characteristics related to hatching of sexual eggs in Daphnia.
Trends in Parental Time Allocated to Child Care: Evidence from Canada, 1986–2010

Abstract:L’auteur observe une hausse continue et appréciable du temps consacré par les parents à la garde d’enfants au Canada, de 1986 à 2010. La décomposition de cette hausse montre qu’elle se manifeste au sein des groupes démographiques et n’est pas le reflet de changements démographiques. De plus, l’auteur relève une dispersion accrue du temps consacré à la garde d’enfants témoignant de l’évolution de la distribution du temps au sein des groupes démographiques plutôt que de changements démographiques. Il étudie également la relation positive entre le temps consacré à l’éducation et le temps consacré à la garde d’enfants. Bien que d’importants écarts soient observés dans le temps consacré à la garde d’enfants entre les groupes de scolarité, l’ampleur de ces écarts n’a pas augmenté au fil du temps.Abstract:This study finds a continuous and dramatic increase in parental time spent in child care in Canada from 1986 to 2010. Decomposition of the increase shows that it occurs within demographic groups and does not reflect demographic changes. In addition, an increased dispersion in child care time is observed that reflects changes in time allocation within demographic groups rather than demographic changes. This study also examines the positive relationship between education and child care time. Although substantial gaps in child care time are found between education groups, the magnitude of the gaps has not increased over time.
Co-Optimized Parking Lot Placement and Incentive Design for Promoting PEV Integration Considering Decision-Dependent Uncertainties

This article proposes a new planning framework for optimal allocation of parking lot (PL)-based charging infrastructures to facilitate the efficient integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Unlike existing works, the present article explicitly considers the uncertain implications of incentive policy on PEV owners’ charging behaviors and its effects in PL planning. For this aim, a regret-matching technique is introduced to model the bounded rationality of PEV owners in deciding the choice to use different charging options for recharging their vehicle, as a dependency with respect to the incentive value and the accessibility of the charging service in long-term horizon. Such endogenous uncertainties are considered simultaneously with the inherent exogenous randomness of PEV demand and captured by the proposed PL planning model using a proper scenario generation method. The resulting model turns out to be a two-stage stochastic programming with decision-dependent uncertainties and it is solved by using the genetic algorithm. Numerical studies based on an illustrative test system verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and the approach.
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria mitigate deleterious combined effects of salinity and lime in soil in strawberry plants

Abstract The effects of Kocuria E43, Alcaligenes 637Ca and Pseudomonas 53/6 on combined lime and salinity stress in the soil were evaluated on strawberry cv. ‘Sweet Ann’. The results of the experiment showed that yield, average number and weight of fruit, leaf area, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) content of leaves, SPAD, stomatal conductance, membrane stability, protein and proline contents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were considerably affected by rhizobacterial inoculations in strawberry plants. There was a remarkable enhancement in fruit weight, number and yield, leaf area, macro elements contents of leaves, SPAD, stomatal conductance, protein and proline contents and CAT, SOD and APX activity. On the other hand, the sodium content of leaves, membrane permeability, H2O2 and MDA contents were considerably reduced by rhizobacterial treatment. The 637Ca had the highest yield per plant (120.4 g), while the lowest value was found in the control (89.9 g). Average increases in N, P and Ca contents in the leaf were obtained from rhizobacterial root inoculations of 16%, 35% and 32%, respectively. The lowest stomatal conductance was found in the control (67 mmol/m2s), while E43 + 53/6 had the highest (384 mmol/m2s). The highest CAT, SOD and APX activity were obtained from 637Ca + 53/6 (563 µmol min−1 mg−1 FW), E43 + 637Ca + 53/6 (399 µmol min−1 mg−1 FW) and E43 + 637Ca (31.91 µmol min−1 mg−1 FW), respectively. These results suggested that the 637Ca, E43 + 53/6 and E43 + 637Ca + 53/6 treatments may be effective in reducing the negative impacts of combined salinity and high calcareous in soil.
Trixoscelidae (Diptera) from Southern Spain and Description of a New Trixoscelis Species from Northern Europe

Seven species of Trixoscelis are recorded from Southern Spain. Three of them, T. psammophila, T. lyneborgi, and T. mendizabali, are described as new. A fourth new species, T. similis, is described on material from Finland. A key to the Palearctic species of Trixoscelis is given. Some taxonomic problems in connection with the present material are discussed.
Improving knowledge about Indonesian culture with augmented reality gamification

Digital technology cannot be dammed or avoided, moreover, the current generation of children is a native digital generation is those who are born very close to the world of digital technology such as smartphones, laptops, digital applications, internet access, and others. This may affect the attitudes and behaviors of children in both positive and negative impacts. However, we can act wisely, not by alienating or avoiding children from technology but by providing education about technology (digital literacy) and directing video game access to positive video games that are beneficial. The method used in this research is Research and Development with a modified SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) development model in the development of Augmented Reality (AR) educational games. This study also uses a pre-test-post-test group matching design to analyze the increase of elementary school students’ knowledge in learning about Indonesian culture. The measurement results of student learning outcomes are carried out by giving tests in the form of multiple choice. The statistical analysis used in this study is the validity test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Validity testing shows 93.33% of the questionnaire items are valid. The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test analysis obtained a significant value of 0,00 <0.05, then it was stated that there were differences in the average student learning outcomes for pre-test with posttest (increased). This research concludes that after the use of AR Edugame learning media, it has an influence compared to before learning with the media. This shows there is an increase in student learning outcomes.
Is Queen’s English Drifting Towards Common People’s English? —Quantifying Diachronic Changes of Queen’s Christmas Messages (1952–2018) with Reference to BNC

ABSTRACT Queen's English (QE), a linguistic symbol of the royal or upper class, is a particular variety or an aristocratic form of English. However, QE has been dethroned by a surprising finding that it shifted phonologically towards common people's English (CE) between the 1950s-1980s, arousing a debate on its existence. Based upon Queen's Christmas Messages (1952-2018) and BNC, this study quantitatively investigated whether QE has experienced diachronic changes and drifted towards CE. Our PCA analysis shows QE's fluctuating lexical richness, increasing lexical complexity and synthetism, and steady syntactic features during the six decades. Piecewise regression and statistical results indicate 1) QE is drifting towards CE in lexical richness and complexity between the 1950s-1980s; 2) QE exhibits an interaction between a “drifting force” and a “deviating force” towards or from CE between the 1950s-1980s in syntactic features; 3) QE maintains a synthetic form distinct from the analytical one of CE over the 66 years. These phenomena are likely related to the collapsing social structure between the 1950s-1980s, identity building in Queen's early reign and age factor. This study firstly quantify the drift of QE towards CE lexically and syntactically, which may shed some light on quantitative investigation of diachronic language changes.
Factors influencing the determination of nisin in meat products

Recovery of nisin from minced meat and meat emulsions was poor and variable. The rate of recovery was little affected by the presence of NaCl and/or NaNO2, particle size, or the meat to extractant (0.02N HCl) ratio, but was significantly affected by the fat content of the meat. For nisin added at 100 iu/g, recoveries at the optimal meat to extractant ratio, 10% wt/wt suspension, ranged from 26% at 3% fat to 76% at 83% fat. At addition levels of 200 iu/g and greater, nisin recovery efficiency was reduced.
Pisauridae (Arachnida: Araneae)

Four species of Pisauridae, all in the genus Dolomedes Latreille, 1804, are found in New Zealand; D. minor L. Koch, 1876 nomen protectum (= D. lateralis White, 1849, new synonymy, nomen oblitum, D. sagittiger White, 1849, new synonymy, D. imperiosus L. Koch, 1876, and D. tridentatus Hogg, 1911, new synonymy), D. aquaticus Goyen, 1888, D. schauinslandi Simon, 1899 (= D. huttoni Hogg, 1908, D. trippi Hogg, 1908, new synonymies) and D. dondalei sp. nov. The genus and all species are described, with information on synonymy, type data, material examined, and geographical distribution. Habitus images of adults, illustrations of important structural features, and distribution maps are provided. A key to adults is given. A molecular phylogenetic analysis examining the relationships of New Zealand species in the genus Dolomedes is presented. Mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 – COI) and nuclear DNA (actin 5C) was sequenced from all four New Zealand Dolomedes species. COI divergence between species was low and introgression appears to have occurred between D. minor and D. aquaticus . Checklist of taxa Genus Dolomedes Latreille, 1804 minor L. Koch, 1876 aquaticus Goyen, 1888 schauinslandi Simon, 1889 dondalei new species
Exact Bit Error-Rate Analysis of Two-User NOMA Using QAM With Arbitrary Modulation Orders

This letter considers the exact bit error rate (BER) analysis of a two-user non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system using square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Unlike existing work, no constraints are imposed on the modulation order of the QAM symbols for any user. Closed-form expressions are derived for the BER of the successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver in Raleigh fading channels. The analytical BER results corroborated by Mote Carlo simulation show that the power control becomes challenging for high order QAM. Moreover, the BER of each user is approximately independent of the modulation scheme used by the other user for certain power settings.
Multi-Aspect Aware Session-Based Recommendation for Intelligent Transportation Services

In the intelligent transportation system, the session data usually represents the users’ demand. However, the traditional approaches only focus on the sequence information or the last item clicked by the user, which cannot fully represent user preferences. To address this issue, this paper proposes an Multi-aspect Aware Session-based Recommendation (MASR) model for intelligent transportation services, which comprehensively considers the user’s personalized behavior from multiple aspects. In addition, it developed a concise and efficient transformer-style self-attention to analyze the sequence information of the current session, for accurately grasping the user’s intention. Finally, the experimental results show that MASR is available to improve user satisfaction with more accurate and rapid recommendations, and reduce the number of user operations to decrease the safety risk during the transportation service.
The Impacts of Social Media’s Adoption in Higher Education Institutions: An Approach for Social Media’s Return on Investment and Branding in Universities

Social Media platforms have for a while been embraced by educational institutions as powerful instruments in reaching larger audiences. In fact, universities’ involvement in Social Media in the form of creating and administrating Social Media “Profiles” dates back to the very start of the Social Media evolution. Seen as innovative highly influential instruments, Social Media with its different platforms has been implemented largely in universities’ marketing strategies, support services, and recruitment tactics. Nonetheless, few available scholarly have in the past addressed the practicality of conducting a Return on Investment (ROI) process for organisations, let alone for educational institutions. Given that having a clear forecast of the benefits and rewards for implementing Social Media in universities is a key factor leading to its adoption, developing a ROI for higher educational institutions remains a necessity. In this research, a ROI model that depicts the use of Social Media in the higher educational context is developed. Furthermore, an extensive research on SM’s use by universities was conducted to identify key factors that drives the need for universities’ Social Media adoption. The study also provides valuable insights on the elements of effective SM branding through identifying major factors of successful branding strategies. In addition, after a detailed investigation, the research suggests a SM branding approach that adds value to existing research and can be adopted by universities as a valued approach to reaching effective SM branding.
General Method for Synthesizing High Gain Step-Up DC–DC Converters Based on Differential Connections

This article introduces a powerful methodology to synthesize high gain step-up dc–dc converters from differential connections of two converters. The two selected converters may be either equal or different, and they can use different kinds of gain cells. Both only have to present a common reference between the input and output voltages and the same output voltage polarity. The proposed differential connection supplies high step-up converters and mainly the method can be applied to synthesize different topologies from different well-known converters. Besides the derivation and analysis of some converters in continuous conduction mode, the article also discusses the power processing, reduction of components, addition of gain cells to further increase the gain, different kinds of modulations, and addresses a different point of view for some topologies previously published in literature. The proposed methodology is verified through thirteen prototypes derived from basic converters considering input voltage of 20 V, duty cycle of 0.75, switching frequency of 50 kHz and rated power of 100 W. Moreover, three new ultrahigh gain dc–dc converters are still derived from the insertion of gain cells in the differential converters herein proposed. These three converters are experimentally evaluated under input voltages of 20 and 30 V, rated power of 200 W and, switching frequency of 50 kHz, providing static gains from 15 up to 30, and peak efficiency of 96.78%.
Progress in understanding the natural history of New Zealand plants

Abstract In investigations of the reproductive biology of New Zealand plants, breeding systems have received much attention but there has been little work on pollination and still less on seed biology. New Zealand plants, in general, have flowers that lack bright colours, are of small size, and have simple unspecialised structures. Dish and (especially at higher altitudes) tube blossoms abound, whereas bell, brush, gullet, and flag blossoms are relatively uncommon. There is an unusually high frequency (c. 18 per cent) of genera with separate sexes. New Zealand has few specialised pollinators. The unspecialised flowers are interpreted as adaptations to fluctuating combinations of promiscuous pollinators. The high frequency of separate sexes is associated with unspecialised pollinators and fleshy bird-dispersed fruits. A number of larger genera show considerable evolution of flower structure accompanying respecialisation to different pollinators. The occurrence of conspicuous floral displays on certain outl.
Genetic differentiation among populations of the Japanese turban shell Turbo (Batillus) cornutus corresponding to warm currents

The nucleotide sequences of a highly polymorphic region of the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase I (237 base pair) were determined for 240 individual specimens of the Japanese turban shell Turbo (Batillus) cornutus collected from 12 sites around Japan Synonymous nucleotide substitutions were detected at 34 positions, dnd the 49 haplotypes obtained were divided into 2 clusters that formed 'star' phylogenies. The distribution of the 2 clusters was closely related to the pathways of the 2 warm currents along the Japanese Islands, namely, the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents. The appearance of 2 clusters in the Japan Sea and the Seto Inland Sea is probably attributable to gene flow through the Kanmon Strait during the past 5000 yr. The genetic polymorphism found anlong the natural populations of the Japanese turban shell provides useful information with which to assess the anticipated genetic disturbance introduced by human activities, such as stocking with artificially bred juveniles.