Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress Induced Callus Initiation and Shoot Regeneration in Ovary Culture of Marigold (Tagetes spp)

Marigold (Tagetes spp.), is native to Maxico and belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is an economically important flower crop. The genus is rich in lutein that is currently being used as food colourants (INS-number E161b) in the European Union. Extract of marigold flower can be used for coloration of 100 % cotton, silk and wool fabrics. Because of this wide range of applications, marigold could represent an interesting alternative crop for more extensive cultivation. However, improvement of this valuable species has been hampered by its high heterozygosity. In addition, producing homozygous lines by conventional methods is time-consuming and takes long time and moreover difficult as these International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 03 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Ground‐level DC electric field sensor for overhead HVDC/HVAC transmission lines in hybrid corridors

: Measurement of electric fields is crucial for the evaluation of the electromagnetic environment in electric power transmission system. Due to limited transmission corridor resources, the hybrid transmission lines including high-voltage alternating current and high-voltage direct current (HVAC/HVDC) are more common nowadays. However, commonly used field-mill direct current electric field sensors (DC EFSs) can only be used beneath HVDC lines and the emergence of alternating current (AC) electric fields has adversely affected measurement results recorded by DC EFS. In this work, a DC EFS was designed that is capable of measuring ground-level DC electric fields generated by overhead HVAC/HVDC transmission lines in a hybrid corridor. A field-mill structure was used to modulate the DC and AC hybrid electric field and then a narrow band-pass filter was used to realise suppression of the AC electric field signal. Subsequently, the phase-sensitive detection method was used to realise amplitude demodulation and phase discrimination of the DC electric field. Sensor prototypes based on the foregoing method were experimentally tested in the China national high-voltage base. These DC EFSs could be mass-produced conveniently from current field-mill for hybrid corridors application.
Is Savings Automation Helpful to Liquid Savings? It Depends on Whether You Have a Savings Habit

In general, Americans are not savers, which contributes to their inability to absorb even small financial shocks and increases their potential for financial hardship. Savings automation has been promoted as a solution to overcome the behavioral constraints (or limitations) that hinder individual savings behavior. The result has been a proliferation of automated savings programs with the goal of helping people save money without their notice as a way to overcome their tendency to consume. However, scant research has examined the efficacy of this “save people from themselves” approach. This article explores the importance of having a saver mindset, regardless of income, in the success of savings automation. Results from two studies demonstrate that the benefits of automation for liquid savings accrue at a higher rate for individuals with lower incomes and that this benefit depends on the presence of a personal savings orientation. The findings suggest that savings programs should try to build a savings habit and mindset among consumers, especially for those with lower incomes.
The global status of significant infectious diseases of farmed shrimp

A discussion of the global status of shrimp diseases might best begin with a review of those diseases that are listed by the International Office des Épizooties (OIE). The OIE is also known as the World Animal Health Organization. The OIE is an international organization formed in 1924 in Europe by 28 countries in an effort to more effectively manage certain diseases of livestock. As of June 2010, the OIE consists of 176 member countries. The OIE was designated in 1995 by the newly formed World Trade Organization as the scientific reference body for animal health as it relates to international trade issues. The OIE has, among its functions, the listing of diseases (terrestrial and aquatic) which may pose risks of being transferred to new regions or nations as a consequence of global trade. Because of their economic importance and their potential for transfer with live or dead crustacean commodities, the OIE listed nine crustacean diseases in 2009. Of these nine listed diseases, six are diseases of penaeid shrimp (five viral and one bacterial); the seventh is a viral disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii , the eighth is a disease of farmed spiny ( Panulirus spp.) lobsters and it is due to infection by a rickettsial-like bacterium and the ninth listed disease affects freshwater crayfish and it is due to infection by a phycomycetous fungus. Two of the nine diseases were listed by the OIE as “under study” in the 12 th Edition of the OIE Aquatic Animal Health Code. These diseases were necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP), a rickettsia-like bacterial disease of penaeid shrimp which was
Automaticity facets applied to screen-time sedentary behaviours and active commuting measured by accelerometers

ABSTRACT Background: The time adults spend sitting in front of screens is a health risk factor. In contrast, walking and cycling to and from work, also known as active commuting, could promote physical activity and improve population health. Objective: This study investigated automatic properties role in explaining active commuting and screen-based sedentary behaviours. The stable, daily conditions for carrying out active commuting and screen-based sedentary behaviour are most likely to develop automatic properties. These characteristics mean performing behaviours via external cues (i.e. lack of intentionality), with an unpleasant emotional experience of not carrying out a set routine (i.e. lack of controllability), and without paying much attention (i.e. efficiency). Method: This article describes findings of a prospective and correlational study in which 128 people participated. First, participants responded to questions assessed using the Generic Multifaceted Automaticity Scale (GMAS), which measured the automatic properties of screen-based sedentary behaviour and active commuting. The following week, both behaviours were assessed by daily logs to document active commuting and screen-based sedentary behaviour events, and by an accelerometer, worn for seven days, as an objective criterion. Confirmatory factor analyses, bivariate correlations, and multiple linear regressions were computed for the associations between the GMAS scores and objective criterion measures of screen-based sedentary behaviours and active commuting. Results: Automaticity facets displayed different relationships with screen-based sedentary behaviours and active commuting – people with higher lack of intentionality and lack of controllability for active commuting present higher levels of moderate physical activity. In contrast, the lack of controllability of screen-based sedentary behaviours was a significant predictor of sedentary screen time. Conclusions: The multidimensional approach to automaticity could be useful in determining more precisely the features that need to be addressed to promote the adoption of active commuting and limit the time spent sitting in front of screens.
New insights of Nettle (Urtica urens): Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

Urtica urens is classified into the sub family of Rosales, belonging to the Urticaceae family. Their well-established beneficial properties to human health were mainly related to their phenolic content. Nettle extracts showed that an antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials. Among the different nettle extracts methanol extract (EMO) has the highest phenolic content (86.5±1.36 mg EGA/g DM) and lowest value was observed in the water extract (EAO) (43.915 ± 19.95 mg EAG/g DM). The stronger inhibitory effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil radicals (DPPH•) corresponds to those obtained from methanol extract. A comparative analysis between two fungi Penicelleum notatum and Fusarium oxysporum, showed a decrease growth rate and was monitored at the range of 1 to 2.5 mg/ml. Complete growth inhibition of these two fungi was obtained at the concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg/ml of water extract (EAO). The antibacterial activity was also significant while addition of the nettle extracts and depends on the strain tested. Gram positive bacterial strains (Enterococcus faecalis and Enterecoccus faecium) showed higher sensitivity to the extracts, in comparison with Gram negative strains Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The antioxidant activities were correlated (r2> 0.9) with the phenolic content, suggesting that the phenolic content are playing major role in scavenging free radicals. Our total findings suggest that the Nettle (Urtica urens) extract has important antioxidant and antimicrobial activities which is positively correlated with its phenolic content. Key words: Urtica urens, polyphenol, antioxidant, antimicrobial and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil radicals (DPPH•).
Social workers understanding of extended families position in child welfare in Lithuania, Chile and Norway

Child welfare services around the world deal with families and family complexities. The study from Chile, Lithuania and Norway explores how social workers define family and more specific the position of extended families within child welfare and thus indicate contextual differences and similarities. In the data collection, five focus groups were included: one Lithuanian (eight participants), two Chilean (with two and two participants) and two Norwegian groups (with seven and eight participants). The analysis reveals significant and thematic differences and similarities between the countries related to the fluid and varied concept of family. The results also show variations across contexts in which families that are targeted by the services, the involvement of children and nuclear and extended family members. A dilemma between children’s need to keep family bonds and the states responsibility to protect children, can be exemplified with the position of the extended family. We can identity a difference between Norway, with comprehensive state involvement that can be framed as they are dealing with a public family, and both Chile and Lithuania, which put more of an emphasis on problem-solving within families, and thus look at the family as more of a private sphere.
Syntheses of 3,3-Disubstituted Dihydrobenzofurans, Indolines, Indolinones and Isochromanes by Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Reaction Using Pd(PPh3)2Cl2/(±)-BINAP as a Catalytic System

A general procedure for the tandem arylation reaction of arylbromide with heteroaryl compounds was developed by using Pd(PPh3)2Cl2/(±)-BINAP (1,1′-Binaphthalene-2,2′-diylbis (diphenylphosphane)) as catalytic system. Both sulphur- and oxygen-containing heterocycles were also employed as an efficient reagent for arylation, which gave moderate to excellent yields with moderate to good regioselectivities (5:1 to > 20:1 ir (isomer ratio)). Except for dihydrobenzofurans, indolines and indolinones, this type of tandem reaction was also expanded to synthesize isochromanes. The synthesized new compounds were well characterized through different spectroscopic techniques, such as 1H and 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and mass spectral analysis.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Indian cattle (Bos indicus)

Abstract India has 40 distinct zebuine cattle breeds with different adaptability and production traits. In the present study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Indian cattle for the first time. The mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and a control region (D-loop region). The phylogenetic analysis showed close genetic relationship among the Indian cattle breeds studied, where as, distinct genetic differences were observed between Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle. Our results will expand genomic information for further studies on evolution, domestication and conservation of indigenous cattle breeds in India.
Resource selection by animals: statistical design and analysis for field studies.

Introduction to resource selection studies. Examples of the use of resource selectory studies. Examples of the use of resource selection functions. Statistical modelling procedures. Studies with resources defined by several categories. Estimating a resource selection probability function from a census of resource units using logistic regression. Estimating a resource selection probability function from a census of resource units at several points in time using the proportional hazards model. Estimating a resource selection function from samples of resource units using proportional hazards and log-linear models. Estimating a resource selection function from two samples of resource units using logistic regression and discriminant function methods. General log-linear modelling. Analysis of the amount of use. The comparison of selection for different types of resource unit. References. Index.
Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance

Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker-assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging-tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and Di (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.
Metabolism and bioactivity of catechins

v List of Abbreviations used . vi Chapter 1 – Introduction . 1 1.1 Sources, dietary abundance and intake of flavonoids . 1 1.2 Bioavailability of Flavonoids . 2 1.3 Bioactivity of flavonoids and their metabolites . 2 1.4 Summary . 3 1.5 Structure of thesis and aims . 4 1.6 References . 5 Chapter 2 Literature review: green tea catechins . 11 2.1 Bioavailability of Catechins . 13 2.2 Metabolism of Catechins . 18 2.2.1 Methylation . 19 2.2.2 Glucuronidation . 20 2.2.3 Sulfation . 21 2.2.4 Glucosidation and Thiol conjugation . 22 2.2. 5 Microbial metabolites in colonic flora . 23 2.2. 6 Active Efflux (Phase III metabolism) . 24 2.3 Conclusions . 26 2.4 References . 28 Chapter 3 – Absorption of green tea Catechins in the oral cavity, and protection against Hydrogen peroxide-induced mitochondrial DNA damage . 38 Abstract . 38. 38 3.1 – Introduction . 39 Aims of study . 41 3.2 – Materials and methods . 41 3.2.1 – Chemicals and reagents . 41 3.2.2 – Human intervention study . 42 3.2.3 – Antioxidant assay . 43 3.2.4 – HPLC analysis . 43 3.2. 5 – Cell culture . 44
A Quantitative Comparison of Inhibitory Interneuron Size and Distribution between Mouse and Macaque V1, Using Calcium-Binding Proteins

Abstract The mouse is a useful and popular model for studying of visual cortical function. To facilitate the translation of results from mice to primates, it is important to establish the extent of cortical organization equivalence between species and to identify possible differences. We focused on the different types of interneurons as defined by calcium-binding protein (CBP) expression in the layers of primary visual cortex (V1) in mouse and rhesus macaque. CBPs parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), and calretinin (CR) provide a standard, largely nonoverlapping, labeling scheme in macaque, with preserved corresponding morphologies in mouse, despite a slightly higher overlap. Other protein markers, which are relevant in mouse, are not preserved in macaque. We fluorescently tagged CBPs in V1 of both species, using antibodies raised against preserved aminoacid sequences. Our data demonstrate important similarities between the expression patterns of interneuron classes in the different layers between rodents and primates. However, in macaque, expression of PV and CB is more abundant, CR expression is lower, and the laminar distribution of interneuron populations is more differentiated. Our results reveal an integrated view of interneuron types that provides a basis for translating results from rodents to primates, and suggest a reconciliation of previous results.
A Neural Network Decomposition Algorithm for Mapping on Crossbar-Based Computing Systems

Crossbar-based neuromorphic computing to accelerate neural networks is a popular alternative to conventional von Neumann computing systems. It is also referred as processing-in-memory and in-situ analog computing. The crossbars have a fixed number of synapses per neuron and it is necessary to decompose neurons to map networks onto the crossbars. This paper proposes the k-spare decomposition algorithm that can trade off the predictive performance against the neuron usage during the mapping. The proposed algorithm performs a two-level hierarchical decomposition. In the first global decomposition, it decomposes the neural network such that each crossbar has k spare neurons. These neurons are used to improve the accuracy of the partially mapped network in the subsequent local decomposition. Our experimental results using modern convolutional neural networks show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy substantially within about 10% extra neurons.
Acetate Transport Is Essential for Survival and Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans

The success of Cryptococcus neoformans as a pathogen is largely attributable to metabolic scavenging during starvation and mounting resistance to antifungals. Lung alveolar macrophages, which present a first line of host defense against C. neoformans infection provide a glucoseand amino acid-poor environment, and nonpreferred carbon sources such as lactate and acetate may be essential during initial pulmonary infection. Acetate transporters are required in fungi for the transport and subsequent utilization of acetate as a carbon source. While acetate transporters have been characterized in other fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus nidulans and Yarrowia lipolytica, the role of acetate production and transport in C. neoformans is not well understood and its importance in infection has not been established. Putative acetate transporter genes, designated as ADY2 and ATO2, from the Gpr1/Fun34/YaaH family have been identified in C. neoformans and are highly expressed during infection in the lung and during growth on acetate as sole carbon source. We propose that Ady2 and Ato2 have a role in acetate transport as a metabolic adaptation during starvation and stressful environmental conditions. Growth of the ady2 mutant and the ady2ato2 double mutant, but not the ato2 mutant, was severely impaired when growing on 1 mM versus 10 mM acetate plates, suggesting that Ady2 is the essential acetate importer during growth on low acetate. Furthermore, ADY2 was induced 137-fold during growth on acetate in relation to growth on glucose. The role of Ato2 during prolonged starvation was highlighted by diminished acetate uptake by the ato2 mutant after glucose-grown cells
Fear in the Stock Market: How COVID-19 Affects Preference for High- and Low-Priced Stocks

Does fear create a bias in favor of high-priced stocks? An analysis of the S&P 500 stock prices during the COVID-19 market crash showed that high-priced stocks outperformed low-priced ones (study 1). Experimental data further confirmed that fear induced by thoughts about the pandemic increased individuals’ preference for high-priced stocks when they were forced to choose one stock from a set of alternatives (study 2). Although fear generally decreased the preference for stocks when the market trended downward, this decrease was less for high-priced stocks than for low-priced ones (study 3). Reasons for and implications of this bias are discussed.
Age-dependent Interactions Among Clinical Characteristics, Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Young Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

BACKGROUND Age-dependent differences in clinical presentation and viral loads in infants and young children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and their correlation with disease severity are poorly defined. METHODS Previously healthy children <2 years old with mild (outpatients) and severe (inpatients) RSV infection were enrolled and viral loads measured by polymerase chain reaction in nasopharyngeal swabs. Patients were stratified by age in 0-<3, 3-6 and >6-24 months, and multivariable analyses were performed to identify clinical and viral factors associated with severe disease. RESULTS From 2014 to 2018, we enrolled 534 children with RSV infection, 130 outpatients with mild RSV infection and 404 inpatients with severe RSV disease. Median duration of illness was 4 days for both groups, yet viral loads were higher in outpatients than in inpatients (P < 0.001). In bivariate analyses, wheezing was more frequent in outpatients of older age (>3 months) than in inpatients (P < 0.01), while fever was more common in inpatients than outpatients (P < 0.01) and its frequency increased with age. Adjusted analyses confirmed that increased work of breathing and fever were consistently associated with hospitalization irrespective of age, while wheezing in infants >3 months, and higher RSV loads in children >6-24 months were independently associated with reduced disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Age had a significant impact defining the interactions among viral loads, specific clinical manifestations and disease severity in children with RSV infection. These observations highlight the importance of patient stratification when evaluating interventions against RSV.