Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional Tone, Analytical Thinking, and Somatosensory Processes of a Sample of Italian Tweets During the First Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study

Background The COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic individual and collective chronic experience, with tremendous consequences on mental and psychological health that can also be reflected in people’s use of words. Psycholinguistic analysis of tweets from Twitter allows obtaining information about people’s emotional expression, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes, which are particularly important in traumatic events contexts. Objective We aimed to analyze the influence of official Italian COVID-19 daily data (new cases, deaths, and hospital discharges) and the phase of managing the pandemic on how people expressed emotions and their analytical thinking and somatosensory processes in Italian tweets written during the first phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Methods We retrieved 1,697,490 Italian COVID-19–related tweets written from February 24, 2020 to June 14, 2020 and analyzed them using LIWC2015 to calculate 3 summary psycholinguistic variables: emotional tone, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes. Official daily data about new COVID-19 cases, deaths, and hospital discharges were retrieved from the Italian Prime Minister's Office and Civil Protection Department GitHub page. We considered 3 phases of managing the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. We performed 3 general models, 1 for each summary variable as the dependent variable and with daily data and phase of managing the pandemic as independent variables. Results General linear models to assess differences in daily scores of emotional tone, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes were significant (F6,104=21.53, P<.001, R2= .55; F5,105=9.20, P<.001, R2= .30; F6,104=6.15, P<.001, R2=.26, respectively). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic affects how people express emotions, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes in tweets. Our study contributes to the investigation of pandemic psychological consequences through psycholinguistic analysis of social media textual data.
Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposon Afut4 Promotes Azole Resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus by Enhancing the Expression of sac1 Gene

Aspergillus fumigatus causes a series of invasive diseases, including the high-mortality invasive aspergillosis, and has been a serious global health threat because of its increased resistance to the first-line clinical triazoles. We analyzed the whole-genome sequence of 15 A. fumigatus strains from China and found that long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), including Afut1, Afut2, Afut3, and Afut4, are most common and have the largest total nucleotide length among all transposable elements in A. fumigatus. ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus causes a series of invasive diseases, including the high-mortality invasive aspergillosis, and has been a serious global health threat because of its increased resistance to the first-line clinical triazoles. We analyzed the whole-genome sequence of 15 A. fumigatus strains from China and found that long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), including Afut1, Afut2, Afut3, and Afut4, are most common and have the largest total nucleotide length among all transposable elements in A. fumigatus. Deleting one of the most enriched Afut4977-sac1 in azole-resistant strains decreased azole resistance and downregulated its nearby gene, sac1, but it did not significantly affect the expression of genes of the ergosterol synthesis pathway. We then discovered that 5'LTR of Afut4977-sac1 had promoter activity and enhanced the adjacent sac1 gene expression. We found that sac1 is important to A. fumigatus, and the upregulated sac1 caused elevated resistance of A. fumigatus to azoles. Finally, we showed that Afut4977-sac1 has an evolution pattern similar to that of the whole genome of azole-resistant strains due to azoles; phylogenetic analysis of both the whole genome and Afut4977-sac1 suggests that the insertion of Afut4977-sac1 might have preceded the emergence of azole-resistant strains. Taking these data together, we found that the Afut4977-sac1 LTR-RT might be involved in the regulation of azole resistance of A. fumigatus by upregulating its nearby sac1 gene.
A fast and high throughput LC-MS/MS method for the determination of 58 human and veterinary drugs in river water

This study developed a method to perform the simultaneous determination of 58 (ultra) trace human and veterinary drugs in river water. The analytes included 24 steroid hormones, 22 sulfonamides and 12 quinolones. The easy-to-handle magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (Mag-dSPE) procedure was performed using three-dimensional interconnected magnetic chemically modified graphene oxide (3D-Mag-CMGO) as the adsorbent, and an enrichment factor of 100 times was obtained. Under the optimal conditions, the results showed higher extraction capacity of 3D-Mag-CMGO with recoveries between 78.0 and 109%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for 58 (ultra) trace analytes are in the range of 0.10–2.09 ng L−1. Validation results on linearity, specificity, accuracy, and precision, as well as the application to the analysis of 58 (ultra) trace analytes in ten real samples demonstrated the applicability to environment monitoring analysis.
Package appearance matter: Facial expression and Galvanic Skin Response analysis approach

ABSTRACT This study reveals the importance of package design and brand in the choice of over-the-counter (OTC) analgesic. Various packages for analgesic products were tested on 40 respondents and autonomic body reactions were measured. The product tested was private Australian brands of Paracetamol from Coles and Woolworth, Priceline, a chemist brand, Herron a local brand and finally the well-known global brand Panadol. Eye tracking, facial expression analysis as well as Galvanic Skin response were found in strong correlation with respondent preference and purchasing intention. A heat map analysis for each package reveals that for most of the products the focus was not on the price. Time to First Fixation (TTFF) revealed that the eye fixation on price came last with the time spent looking at the price was low as compared to the time spent on the other areas of the packaging and this for both males and females. For most of the drugs, the focus (time spent) is majorly on the brand name and the benefits and tablet usage information.
New chalcone derivatives as effective against SARS‐CoV‐2 agent

Flavonoids and related compounds, such as quercetin‐based antiviral drug Gene‐Eden‐VIR/Novirin, inhibit the protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The alkylated chalcones isolated from Angelica keiskei inhibit SARS‐CoV proteases. In this study, we aimed to compare the anti‐SARS CoV‐2 activities of both newly synthesized chalcone derivatives and these two drugs.
Ankfn1 vestibular defects in zebrafish require mutations in both ancestral and derived paralogs

How and to what degree gene duplication events create regulatory innovation, redundancy, or neofunctionalization remain important questions in animal evolution and comparative genetics. Ankfn1 genes are single copy in most invertebrates, partially duplicated in jawed vertebrates, and only the derived copy retained in most mammals. Null mutations in the single mouse homolog have vestibular and neurological abnormalities. Null mutation of the single Drosophila homolog is typically lethal with severe sensorimotor deficits in rare survivors. The functions and potential redundancy of paralogs in species with two copies is not known. Here we define a vestibular role for Ankfn1 homologs in zebrafish based on simultaneous disruption of each locus. Zebrafish with both paralogs disrupted showed vestibular defects and early lethality from swim bladder inflation failure. One intact copy at either locus was sufficient to prevent major phenotypes. Our results show that vertebrate Ankfn1 genes are required for vestibular-related functions, with at least partial redundancy between ancestral and derived paralogs.
Characterization of the Developing Lacunocanalicular Network During Fracture Repair

Fracture repair is a normal physiological response to bone injury. During the process of bony callus formation, a lacunocanalicular network (LCN) is formed de novo that evolves with callus remodeling. Our aim was the longitudinal assessment of the development and evolution of the LCN during fracture repair. To this end, 45 adult wild‐type C57BL/6 mice underwent closed tibial fracture surgery. Fractured and intact contralateral tibias were harvested after 2, 3, and 6 weeks of bone healing (n = 15/group). High‐resolution micro–computed tomography (μCT) and deconvolution microscopy (DV) approaches were applied to quantify lacunar number density from the calluses and intact bone. On histological sections, Goldner's trichrome staining was used to assess lacunar occupancy, fluorescein isothiocyanate staining to visualize the canalicular network, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to examine osteocyte apoptosis. Analysis of μCT scans showed progressive decreases in mean lacuna volume over time (−27% 2–3 weeks; −13% 3–6 weeks). Lacunar number density increased considerably between 2 and 3 weeks (+156%). Correlation analysis was performed, showing a positive linear relationship between canalicular number density and trabecular thickness (R2 = 0.56, p < 0.001) and an inverse relationship between mean lacuna volume and trabecular thickness (R2 = 0.57, p < 0.001). Histology showed increases in canalicular number density over time (+22% 2–3 weeks, +51% 3–6 weeks). Lacunar occupancy in new bone of the callus was high (>90%), but the old cortical bone within the fracture site appeared necrotic as it underwent resorption. In conclusion, our data shows a progressive increase in the complexity of the LCN over time during fracture healing and demonstrates that this network is initiated during the early stages of repair. Further studies are needed to address the functional importance of osteocytes in bone healing, particularly in detecting and translating the effects of micromotion in the fracture. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
ARQMath

The Answer Retrieval for Questions on Math (ARQMath) evaluation was run for the first time at CLEF 2020. ARQMath is the first Community Question Answering (CQA) shared task for math, retrieving existing answers from Math Stack Exchange (MSE) that can help to answer previously unseen math questions. ARQMath also introduces a new protocol for math formula search, where formulas are evaluated in context using a query formula's associated question post, and posts associated with each retrieved formula. Over 70 topics were annotated for each task by eight undergraduate students supervised by a professor of mathematics. A formula index is provided in three formats: LATEX, Presentation MathML, and Content MathML, avoiding the need for participants to extract these themselves. In addition to detailed relevance judgments, tools are provided to parse MSE data, generate question threads in HTML, and evaluate retrieval results. To make comparisons with participating systems fairer, nDCG' (i.e., nDCG for assessed hits only) is used to compare systems for each task. ARQMath will continue in CLEF 2021, with training data from 2020 and baseline systems for both tasks to reduce barriers to entry for this challenging problem domain.
Design and Reconstruction of Visual Art Based on Virtual Reality

Because traditional methods generally lack the image preprocessing link, the effect of visual image detail processing is not good. In order to enhance the image visual effect, a visual art design method based on virtual reality is proposed. Wavelet transform method is used to denoise the visual image and the noise signal in the image is removed; a binary model of fuzzy space vision fusion is established, the space of the visual image is planned, and the spatial distribution information of the visual image is obtained. According to the principle of light and shadow phenomenon in visual image rendering, the Extend Shadow map algorithm is used to render the visual image. Virtual reality technology was used to reconstruct the preprocessed visual image, and the ant colony algorithm was used to optimize the visual image to realize the visual image design. The results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the visual image processed by the proposed method is high, and the image detail processing effect is better.
HERMAS

Efficient representations for spatio-temporal cellular Signaling Data (SD) are essential for many human mobility applications. Traditional representation methods are mainly designed for GPS data with high spatio-temporal continuity, and thus will suffer from poor embedding performance due to the unique Ping Pong Effect in SD. To address this issue, we explore the opportunity offered by a large number of human mobility traces and mine the inherent neighboring tower connection patterns. More specifically, we design HERMAS, a novel representation learning framework for large-scale cellular SD with three steps: (1) extract rich context information in each trajectory, adding neighboring tower information as extra knowledge in each mobility observation; (2) design a sequence encoding model to aggregate the embedding of each observation; (3) obtain the embedding for a trajectory. We evaluate the performance of HERMAS based on two human mobility applications, i.e. trajectory similarity measurement and user profiling. We conduct evaluations based on a 30-day SD dataset with 130,612 users and 2,369,267 moving trajectories. Experimental results show that (1) for the trajectory similarity measurement application, HERMAS improves the Hitting Rate (HR@10) from 15.2% to 39.2%; (2) for the user profiling application, HERMAS improves the F1-score for around 9%. More importantly, HERMAS significantly improves the computation efficiency by over 30x.
Complexity and data mining in dental research: A network medicine perspective on interceptive orthodontics

Abstract Procedures and models of computerized data analysis are becoming researchers' and practitioners' thinking partners by transforming the reasoning underlying biomedicine. Complexity theory, Network analysis and Artificial Intelligence are already approaching this discipline, intending to provide support for patient's diagnosis, prognosis and treatments. At the same time, due to the sparsity, noisiness and time‐dependency of medical data, such procedures are raising many unprecedented problems related to the mismatch between the human mind's reasoning and the outputs of computational models. Thanks to these computational, non‐anthropocentric models, a patient's clinical situation can be elucidated in the orthodontic discipline, and the growth outcome can be approximated. However, to have confidence in these procedures, orthodontists should be warned of the related benefits and risks. Here we want to present how these innovative approaches can derive better patients' characterization, also offering a different point of view about patient's classification, prognosis and treatment.
Warmer nights during early stages affect wheat development without grain yield penalty

Abstract. This study analyses the impact of higher night temperature during the tillering phase on grain yield, focusing on crop development and tiller production dynamics in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field experiments were carried out at the School of Agriculture, Buenos Aires, Argentina during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons and combined: (1) two nitrogen availability levels (60 and 200 kg N ha–1) and (2) two night temperature conditions (control unheated and night temperature increase (NTI) during the tillering phase). The heating treatment increased night temperature ∼2.3°C above the ambient night temperature. Across growing seasons, average minimum temperature during the tillering phase ranged from 8.5°C to 12.4°C. Warmer nights reduced time to anthesis (∼4 days) due to a shortening in the duration of the tillering phase. NTI did not modify the maximum tiller number at plant level or per unit area. Higher N availabilities increased maximum tiller number ∼30% compared with low N levels. Increased night temperature did not modify (P = 0.3418) grain yield in high and low N availabilities. Although development during the tillering phase was accelerated, the NTI during this stage would have a minor impact on both tillering and yield and its numerical components.
Nesting ecology and reproductive success of mixed-grass prairie songbirds

ABSTRACT Vast areas of North American grasslands have been lost and degraded, resulting in unprecedented declines of biodiversity. For example, 82% of North American grassland songbird species are experiencing population declines. Basic natural history, life history, and demographic data from different regions and time periods are essential for modeling population dynamics and developing effective conservation strategies for grassland birds. We monitored 392 nests to provide information on nesting biology, quantify reproductive success, and gain insight into the extent to which predation and weather influence nest survival of 7 grassland songbird species in southwest Saskatchewan, during 2010 and 2011. Clutch sizes of all species were within the range reported previously and declined as the breeding season progressed, particularly for Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus), Vesper (Pooecetes gramineus) and Baird's (Centronyx bairdii) sparrows, and Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). Overall, 32–69% of the nests we monitored were depredated, and predation accounted for 91% of all unsuccessful nesting attempts. Daily survival rates were lowest during the nestling stage for 5 species, and nest survival estimates ranged from 16% to 48%. Nest survival of 4 species was influenced by the temporal effects of age and date. Chestnut-collared Longspur and Western Meadowlark nest survival increased through early to mid-incubation and declined thereafter until ∼3 d prior to fledging before increasing again. Nest survival of these 2 species, along with Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii) and Vesper Sparrow, were lowest in late June to early July. We found no support for a strong effect of precipitation on nest survival. However, nest survival rates declined with increasing ambient temperature for Chestnut-collared Longspur and Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris), the 2 study species with the most exposed nests, and were highest for Western Meadowlark nests when ambient temperatures were between 15 and 24 °C.
Bullying as a Developmental Precursor to Sexual and Dating Violence Across Adolescence: Decade in Review

Adolescent bullying continues to be a major focus of scholarship across the globe. This article reviews research from 2010 to 2021 with a particular focus on longitudinal studies of the bully–sexual violence pathway (BSVP), where bullying serves as a precursor for sexual violence (SV) (e.g., sexual harassment, sexual coercion, and sexual assault) and teen dating violence via individual and socio-contextual mediators. Articles reviewed consisted of a total of 505, which included 17 meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Databases used for the search were Academic Search Complete, Education Full Text (H. W. Wilson), ERIC, National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts, PsycINFO, PubMed (Medline), and Social Sciences Abstracts (H. W. Wilson). In total, 107 peer-reviewed articles were included in this review. Potential mechanisms underlying the BSVP include social dominance orientation, exposure to sexual education, and alcohol use. Several school-based intervention approaches have evidenced marginal success in reducing rates of bullying and SV by targeting factors undergirding both behaviors. The efficacy of international prevention approaches is summarized. Gaps in the literature are identified and future research is proposed.
Mental health and adherence to Mediterranean diet among university students: an Italian cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective This study is aimed to explore severe mental illness (SMI), mental well-being (MWB), and Mediterranean Diet adherence (MedDiet) among university students. Participants University students in Northern Italy (sample size = 502) Methods Cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019. The questionnaires included Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale for MWB, K6 for SMI, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener for MedDiet. Multivariable regressions were mainly performed (p < .05 as significant). Results MWB was high in 3.93% of the participants and low in 23.97%. SMI was probable in 21.87%. MedDiet adherence was high in 2.19% and low in 35.06%. Mainly, poor/very poor perceived health, Economics/Legal/Strategic Sciences courses, and not being on time with exams showed associations with both lower MWB and probable SMI. Gender and some lifestyle, dietary, and university factors predicted MedDiet. MWB and MedDiet were positively associated. Conclusions This study found high levels of mental issues and low MedDiet. Modifiable factors at university level should be investigated to design preventive interventions.
Reorientation Dynamics of Branched and Linear Alcohols

Molecular reorientation of the four isomeric butanols are investigated with molecular dynamics simulations. The purpose of this study is to probe how alcohol reorientational and hydrogen-bond (H-bond) dynamics is influenced by the arrangement of the steric bulk of the isomeric butanols in their liquid state. The OH reorientation times are explained with the extended jump model in which the OH reorientation is broken down into contributions due to “jumps” between H-bond partners and “frame” reorientation of the intact H-bonded pair. In the case of the isomeric butanols, the model provides a quantitative description of the OH reorientation times. Our results show that reorientation is fastest in iso-butanol and slowest in tert-butanol, while secand n-butanol have similar reorientation times. Similar reorientation times for secand n-butanol is due to the unpredictable cancellation between the jump and frame reorientation in the two alcohols. Entropic, enthalpic and dynamical factors that include transition state recrossing effects are seen to contribute to the jump reorientation times. Finally, a model that is based on the liquid structure is offered to evaluate the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the jump time. This study represents the foundation for a model that predicts OH reorientation times in alcohols even though further work is needed for a better prediction of frame reorientation times and the transition state recrossing effects. An estimation of the activation energy of chemical reactions like jump reorientation of OH groups in alcohols from molecular dynamics simulations has always required numerous simulations at several temperatures. In this work, several methods for calculating the activation energies at a single temperature have been explored. The applications explored include classical and quantum systems and the