Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Control, Evolution, and Accumulation Rates of Massive Sulfides in the TAG Hydrothermal Field

The Trans‐Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) hydrothermal field on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge is one of the best‐studied hydrothermal systems to date. However, high‐resolution bathymetric data obtained in 2016 by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) reveal new information about the distribution of active and inactive hydrothermal deposits, and their relation to structural features. The discovery of previously undocumented inactive vent sites contributes to a better understanding of the accumulation rates and the resource potential of seafloor massive sulfide deposits at slow‐spreading ridges. The interpretation of ship‐based and high‐resolution AUV‐based data sets allowed for the determination of the main tectonic stress regimes that have a first‐order control on the location and distribution of past and present hydrothermal activity. The data reveal the importance of cross‐cutting lineament populations and temporal variations in the prevalent stress regime. A dozen sulfide mounds contribute to a substantial accumulation of hydrothermal material (~29 Mt). The accumulation rate of ~1,500 t/yr is comparable to those of other modern seafloor vent fields. However, our observations suggest that the TAG segment is different from many other slow‐spreading ridge segments in its tectonic complexity, which confines sulfide formation into a relatively small area and is responsible for the longevity of the hydrothermal system and substantial mineral accumulation. The inactive and weakly active mounds contain almost 10 times the amount of material as the active high‐temperature mound, providing an important indication of the global resource potential for inactive seafloor massive sulfide deposits.
Respiration rates of the copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei in tropical waters: beyond the thermal optimum

We investigated the effects of temperature on weight-speciﬁc respiration rates ( R sp ) of the euryhaline calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei collected from the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (Malaysia). We employed a simple experimental approach consisting of a short temperature exposure time from 24 to 36 8 C. The relationship between temperature and R sp of acclimated copepods under conditions of excess food ﬁtted an exponential function and indicated a complete lack of acclimation at the higher temperature range. Both ﬁne-scale temperature measurements and piecewise linear regression enabled the detection of a breakpoint produced by a signiﬁcant increase in respiratory rates. It is argued that thermally stressed copepods can be detected by both a higher Q 10 above 32 8 C and monitoring this breakpoint in the metabolic response ( R sp ). Similarly, the lower Q 10 ( (cid:2) 2) indicates some degree of independence of their metabolic rates between 26 and 32 8 C, which likely corresponds to their optimal thermal window. Results are discussed in relation to body mass, feeding status and gender.
Select polyphenols protect mitochondria against amyloid aggregates in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases

Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases are agerelated neurodegenerative disorders in which formation of amyloid aggregates by amyloid-beta (Abeta) and α-synuclein (αS) proteins, respectively, are recognised critical events that occur early in the disease process. These aggregates cause disruption of mitochondrial function in neurons, initiating a pathophysiological cascade leading to bio-energetic collapse and ultimately neuronal cell death. The detailed mechanisms are, however, largely unknown. In vitro studies in our laboratory aimed to, (i) investigate destabilisation of mitochondrial phospholipid membranes by these amyloid aggregates and, (ii) explore the protective effect of select polyphenolic compounds on mitochondria. Exposure of mitochondria, isolated from human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, to amyloid aggregates induced a strong and dose-dependent release of cytochrome c, reflecting damage to the outer and/or inner mitochondrial membranes. Importantly, targeting of aggregates to mitochondria was shown to be dependent upon cardiolipin, a mitochondria-specific phospholipid known to play a critical role in launching apoptosis. Moreover, the ability of amyloid aggregates to damage mitochondrial membranes was confirmed using a liposome permeabilisation assay. Finally, we found that the polyphenol compounds morin, rosmarinic acid, epigallocatechingallate and black tea extract were potent mito-protectants, and may thus delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
PRIMERS FOR BOTH CONVENTIONAL AND REAL-TIME PCR IN DIAGNOSIS OF ‘CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER SOLANACEARUM’

‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is the only Liberibacter species pathogenic to the plants of the Solanaceae such as potato and tomato and Apiaceae such as carrot and celery. PCR-based assays are used for diagnosis of Lso infection. However, the primers were designed specifically for either conventional PCR (cPCR) or real-time PCR (qPCR), and these assays differ in sensitivity. This study describes the development of new primer sets that can be used for Lso diagnosis by both cPCR and qPCR. Six new primer sets were designed to amplify Lso-specific regions in the 3ʹ-terminal region of 16S rDNA. In cPCR assay, they amplified fragments of 145 bp (LsoLSS-F/LsoOI2-R), 187 bp (LsoLSS-F/Lso-1274R), 137 bp (Lso-972F/LsoLSS), 178 bp (Lso-931F/LsoLSS), 302 bp (Lso-807F/LsoLSS), and 323 bp (Lso-786F/LsoLSS). Four of these primer sets (Lso-972F/LsoLSS, Lso-931F/LsoLSS, Lso-807F/LsoLSS, and Lso-786F/LsoLSS) were also suitable for qPCR. The Lso-931F/LsoLSS primer set was most specific and reliable in both cPCR and qPCR. These new primer sets may be useful for validation of the different levels of detection of PCR methods.
Synchrony of Piping Plover breeding populations in the U.S. Northern Great Plains

ABSTRACT Local populations that fluctuate synchronously are at a greater risk of extinction than those that do not. The closer the geographic proximity of populations, the more prone they are to synchronizing. Shorebird species select habitat broadly, and many breed across regions with diverse nesting habitat types. Under these conditions, nearby populations may experience conditions sufficiently different to prevent population synchrony, despite dispersal. In the U.S. Northern Great Plains, the Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus), federally listed as Threatened, is a migratory shorebird species that nests on the shorelines of rivers, reservoirs, and alkaline lakes. We assessed the degree to which local plover breeding population abundances were correlated (population synchrony), changed over time (population stability), and were influenced by environmental factors such as available habitat, precipitation, and within-season reservoir level rise. We found that the abundances of breeding populations nesting in riverine and reservoir habitats were the most synchronous, while populations nesting in alkaline lake habitats exhibited the greatest stability. Changes in local breeding population abundances were not explained by a single factor across habitat types. However, the abundances of local populations nesting in alkaline lake and river shoreline habitats were positively correlated with changes in nesting habitat availability. Our results suggest that dispersal among populations nesting in either river or reservoir and alkaline lake shoreline habitat may have an overall stabilizing effect on the persistence of the Great Plains Piping Plover metapopulation.
Leukocytes respiratory burst and lysozyme level in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887)

Innate immune responses are useful to determine the health status of fish and to evaluate the effect of immunomodu latory substances in fish farming. Leukocytes respiratory burst was measured in pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus) using chemiluminescence assay and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay. The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction seemed more adequate than chemiluminescence assay for leukocytes oxidative burst determination, since it was difficult to isolate the blood leucocytes for chemiluminescence assay. Plasma and serum lysozyme were measured using a turbidimetric assay. The heating of serum and plasma samples (56 °C for 30 minutes) for complement system inactivation darkened the plasma samples and interfered in the results. The lysozyme activity in serum was higher than in plasma, suggesting that serum samples are more appropriate for the analysis. This study established protocols that can be useful tools in the study of immune mechanisms of the tropical fish pacu.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Bullanga florida (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Bullanga florida (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) was determined. The entire sequence is 15,937 bp in length which contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs and one non-coding AT-rich region. The overall A + T content of mitogenome is 73.3%. The gene order and arrangement are similar to other Neuroptera mitogenomes. Thirteen PCGs start with standard ATN initiation codons and stop with termination codons TAA or T. All tRNA genes have a typical clover-leaf secondary structure except for tRNASer (AGN), whose dihydrouridine (DHU) arm do not form a stable stem-loop structure. Two rRNA genes (rrnL and rrnS) are 1325 bp and 776 bp in size, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis is based on the amino acid sequences of 13 PCGs indicates that B. florida is a sister group to Epacanthaclisis banks, and Myrmeleontiformia is the monophyletic group.
Genetic Variation in Life History Traits in Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) from California

Genetic variation of morphological and phenological characters of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) from California was investigated and compared with isozyme data from the same populations. The importance of collection location, individual genotype, and isozyme genotype to phenotypic characteristics was evaluated. Analyses were conducted on 20 individuals collected from each of 10 widely separated populations in California. Replicate plants were started by tubers, grown in pots buried outdoors, and measured during the period from planting through flowering. Results showed that yellow nutsedge is variable across its range in California in all measured traits, including days to sprouting and flowering, height, rachis number and length, aboveground biomass, tuber weight, number of rays, ray length, number of spikelets per ray, as well as spikelet length and width. Population (collection location) was a larger variance component than genotype (individuals over all locations). As found in isozyme analysis, relatively more variation was found among than within populations, typical of clonally reproducing species. Overall, more variation was found in quantitative traits than in isozymes. The level of variation, based on coefficients of variation for each character and population, was similar within populations and not clearly related to cropping history or climate at each site. The two most common isozyme genotypes in the collection differed in four characters: date of emergence, weight of 10 tubers, rachis number, and mean ray length, which may represent different adaptive responses to cultural practices. These results indicate that isozymes do not reflect the high level of genetic and adaptive diversity of yellow nutsedge. Factors that are likely to determine the patterns of variation in this species include breeding system (vegetative reproduction), founder effects, polyploidy, and homogeneity of the agricultural environmental.
Essential pelagic habitat of juvenile blue shark (Prionace glauca) inferred from telemetry data

Knowledge on the distribution and habitat use of species is an important precondition for their appropriate management and conservation. This is particularly challenging for highly mobile marine predators such as blue shark that migrate between dynamic and transient oceanic habitats. In addition, blue shark populations have complex spatial structures due to age and sexual segregation, and accurately identifying oceanic nursery habitat is vital to ensure population growth via survival of juveniles. In this study, long‐term satellite telemetry data (up to 950 d) was used to estimate the broad‐scale habitat utilization of juvenile blue shark and predict their distribution in the North Atlantic. Habitat utilization models were fitted separately for three juvenile life stages that recruit to the pelagic longline fishery (small juvenile males and females, large juvenile and sub‐adult females and large juvenile males), and subsequently validated using fisheries data. The models demonstrated that the patterns of spatiotemporal distribution and segregation are shaped to a large extent by differential habitat preferences, notably for distinct ranges of sea surface temperature. For the first time, this modeling approach provides a unifying framework to understand the essential pelagic habitat and dynamic spatial structuring of blue shark at the scale of an entire ocean basin. It represents an important contribution to our understanding of the spatial ecology of pelagic sharks by presenting novel clues to their behavioral strategies in exploiting the most productive oceanic habitats, and offers a promising tool for their management in the face of current intensive shark exploitation.
First evidence of Wolbachia infection in populations of grasshopper Podisma sapporensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The brachypterous grasshopper Podisma sapporensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is distributed throughout the Sakhalin, Kunashir and Hokkaido Islands. Karyotypes of this species consist of two major chromosomal races with different sex chromosome systems, XO/XX and XY/XX. Molecular phylogeographic analysis of the chromosome races and subraces confirms the genetic divergence of the races and subraces in P. sapporensis. Here we first report that P. sapporensis is infected with Wolbachia consisting of three variants on wsp locus, while gatB locus was monomorphic. Furthermore, observation of cell tissue of P. sapporensis using electron microscopy confirmed the infection of Wolbachia that was inferred from polymerase chain reaction and revealed the distribution of the bacteria in the head, thorax and abdomen of P. sapporensis embryos. Our finding may shed new light on Wolbachia as a possible agent causing hybrid dysfunction resulting from experimental crosses between chromosome races or subraces of P. sapporensis.
Cytotoxic effect of proteinaceous postbiotic metabolites produced by Lactobacillus plantarum I-UL4 cultivated in different media composition on MCF-7 breast cancer cell

Aims: Lactobacillus sp. has capability of producing an array of bioactive metabolites that exhibit probiotic effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity effect of proteinaceous postbiotic metabolites (PPM) produced by Lactobacillus plantarum I-UL4 cultivated in different media composition on MCF-7 breast cancer cell. Methodology and results: L. plantarum I-UL4 was cultivated in yeast extract and modified de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth containing Tween 80 (CRMRS+T80) or without Tween-80 (CRMRS-T80). Human breast adenocarcinoma cell (MCF-7) was employed as cancer cell in this study. Cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects of PPM were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide assay and Trypan Blue Dye Exclusion assay, whereas Acridine Orange/Propidium Iodide staining was employed to determine the cytotoxicity mechanism. PPM produced in CRMRS+T80 exerted cytotoxicity in a time and dose dependent manner that was selective towards MCF-7 cancer cell. Profound cytotoxicity with the lowest IC50 concentration of 10.83 μg was detected at 72 h of incubation, whereas the most potent antiproliferative effect revealed by the lowest viable cell population was observed at 24 h of incubation. PPM cultivated in CRMRS+T80 induced 80.87% of apoptotic MCF-7 cells at 48 h of incubation. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: PPM of L. plantarum I-UL4 cultivated in different media composition induced different levels of MCF-7 cancer cell death. The percentage of apoptotic MCF-7 cells treated with PPM cultivated in CRMRS+T80 increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 24 to 48 h of incubation. The results obtained in this study have revealed the potential of PPM produced by L. plantarum I-UL4 as human health supplement and as anticancer preventive agent.
Legionella: State of the Art 30 Years After Its Recognition

This book is the result of an international conference on Legionella held in Chicago in 2005. It is a vast compendium of 131 papers divided into four major sections, namely, Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects of Legionnaire's Disease; Epidemiology and Strain Typing Methods; Microbiology, Pathogenesis, Immunology and Genetics; and Environmental Biology, Detection, Prevention and Control.
Electronic archival tags provide first glimpse of bathythermal habitat use by free-ranging adult lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens

Information on lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) depth and thermal habitat use during non-spawning periods is unavailable due to the difficulty of observing lake sturgeon away from shallow water spawning sites. In 2002 and 2003, lake sturgeon captured in commercial trap nets near Sarnia, Ontario were implanted with archival tags and released back into southern Lake Huron. Five of the 40 tagged individuals were recaptured and were at large for 32, 57, 286, 301, and 880 days. Temperatures and depths recorded by archival tags ranged from 0 to 23.5 ºC and 0.1 to 42.4 m, respectively. For the three lake sturgeon that were at large for over 200 days, temperatures occupied emulated seasonal fluctuations. Two of these fish occupied deeper waters during winter than summer while the other occupied similar depths during non-spawning periods. This study provides important insight into depth and thermal habitat use of lake sturgeon throughout the calendar year along with exploring the feasibility of using archival tags to obtain important physical habitat attributes during non-spawning periods.
Nonbilharzial Bladder Cancer Molecular Markers for Early Detection of Bilharzial and Genes in Voided Urine as APC and 2 β RAR Aberrant Methylation of

Abstract Background: Bladder cancer cells illustrate major disruptions in their DNA methylation patterns ascompared with normal ones. Authors aimed to identify epigenetic molecular markers in urine for earlydetection of bladder cancer.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the methylation status of RARb 2 and APC genes inurine samples from 210 bladder cancer patients, 61 patients with benign urological diseases, and 49 healthyvolunteers by using methylation-specific PCR.Results: Methylated RARb 2 and APC were significantly higher in bladder cancer patients (62.8%, 59.5%)than benign (16.4%, 5%) but not detected in healthy volunteers (0%) at (P < 0.0001). Both methylated genesshowed no significant difference among clinicopathologic factors; however, they were detected in all gradesandstages.Amongthe128patientswithbilharzialbladdercancer,94(73.4%)showed methylatedRARb 2 and86 (67.2%) showed methylated APC. Homoplasmic methylation pattern of both genes were only detected inbilharzial bladder cancer cases. Both sensitivities and specificities of the methylated genes for bladder cancerdetection were superior to urine cytology and when altogether combined, the sensitivities improved to(91.8%), (93.5%), (91.9%), and (80.9%) in detection of: bladder cancer, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,low-grade tumors, and bilharzial associated bladder cancer, respectively.Conclusion: Thus, methylated RARb
Progresses in the Pharmacology of Chlorogenic Acid

Chlorogenic acid,existing in many plants,has various pharmacologic actions.Recent researches indicated that chlorogenic acid has relatively low bioavailability for oral use.It exists in plasma in the form of metabolites which are excreted mainly by renal.Chlorogenic acid has multiple actions including antioxidant,anticancer,antibiosis,antiviral,immunomodulation,and hypoglycemic activity,etc.
Lightweight Access Control System for Wearable Devices

Wearable devices are being used in areas such as the health and military environments where, due to information sensitivity, access control is essential. In these environments, it is necessary to be able to control the way information is handled by the wearable device. However, current security solutions for wearable devices focus mostly on protecting information access from unauthorized parties (using encryption) and do not cover the access control over the information when this is handled by the wearable itself. With this in mind, the authors propose a wearable device access control system that, in addition to protecting the information from unauthorized access, also allows defining (using a security policy) and enforcing (using a hardware and software solution) a set of restrictions about how the information should be handled. They also present a security evaluation of the proposed access control system and a prototype that validates the solution.
Genetic Diversity of Hippophae rhamnoides Populations at Varying Altitudes in the Wolong Natural Reserve of China as Revealed by ISSR Markers

Abstract Hippophae rhamnoides L. , a dioecious and deciduous shrub species, occupies a wide range of habitats in the Wolong Nature Reserve, Southwest China. Our present study investigated the pattern of genetic variation and differentiation among five natural populations of H. rhamnoides, occurring along an altitudinal gradient that varied from 1,800 to 3,400 m above sea level in the Wolong Natural Reserve, by using ISSR markers. Based on fingerprinting patterns generated by fifteen primers, high levels of genetic variation were present within populations and subpopulations. Substantial genetic divergence was observed among populations, and also among female and male subpopulations, the GST values equaling 0.182, 0.222, and 0.238, respectively. Such considerable divergence present among populations and subpopulations may be caused by complex topography which effectively restricts gene flow, and by variable climatic conditions at different altitudes which may cause varying selective pressures. A significantly positive correlation between genetic and altitudinal distances was detected for the five populations and female subpopulations of H. rhamnoides. The cluster analysis including all populations or male subpopulations resulted in three altitude groups. Our results suggest that altitudinal gradients may be the prime cause affecting the genetic variation pattern of different populations and subpopulations in H. rhamnoides in the Wolong Nature Reserve, Southwest China.
Relationships of fishes of the labrid tribe Hypsigenyini

The subfamily Bodianinae is the only currently recognized, suprageneric grouping within the family Labridae which warrants such recognition virtually as first proposed by Norman (1966). The assemblage properly comprises the genera Achoerodus (2 species), Bodianus (39 species), Choerodon (25 species), Clepticus (1 species), Decodon (4 species), Polylelpion (2 species), Semicossyphus (3 species), Xiphocheilus (I species) and, provisionally, Anchichoerops (1 species), but is more appropriately regarded as a tribe, taking the earlier name Hypsigenyini Gunther. The genera Lachnolaimus and Graus (Girellidae) are referred elsewhere. Members of the tribe have a large number of primitive characters relative to the family and appear to be more closely related to species currently placed in the family Scaridae than to most other labrids. Synopses of hypsigenyin genera and keys to species of each genus, except Bodianus and Choerodon, are provided.