Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Whole-body vibration improves fracture healing and bone quality in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.

PURPOSE To investigate the effect of vibration therapy on the bone callus of fractured femurs and the bone quality of intact femurs in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Fifty-six rats aged seven weeks were divided into four groups: control with femoral fracture (CON, n=14), ovariectomized with femoral fracture (OVX, n=14), control with femoral fracture plus vibration therapy (CON+VT, n=14), and ovariectomized with femoral fracture plus vibration therapy (OVX+VT, n=14). Three months after ovariectomy or sham surgery, a complete fracture was produced at the femoral mid-diaphysis and stabilized with a 1-mm-diameter intramedullary Kirschner wire. X-rays confirmed the fracture alignment and fixation. Three days later, the VT groups underwent vibration therapy (1 mm, 60 Hz for 20 minutes, three times per week for 14 or 28 days). The bone and callus quality were assessed by densitometry, three-dimensional microstructure, and mechanical test. RESULTS Ovariectomized rats exhibited a substantial loss of bone mass and severe impairment in bone microarchitecture, both in the non-fractured femur and the bone callus. Whole-body vibration therapy exerted an important role in ameliorating the bone and fracture callus parameters in the osteoporotic bone. CONCLUSION Vibration therapy improved bone quality and the quality of the fracture bone callus in ovariectomized rats.
A detailed study of the magnetic phase transition in CuCrO2

The phase transition in CuCrO2 to an ordered magnetic state is studied with bulk measurements and elastic and inelastic neutron scattering techniques. The reported onset of spontaneous electric polarization at T = 23.5 K coincides with the appearance, on cooling, of elastic magnetic scattering. At higher temperatures long range magnetic correlations gradually develop but they are dynamic. The ground state is characterized by three-dimensional long range magnetic ordering but along the c direction the correlation length remains limited to ∼200 Å.
Fall Detection and Monitoring System For Elderly Person

Falls in the elderly have every so often been serious medical and social problems. Fall detection is a foremost task in the public healthcare area, particularly for the elderly and consistent system is a need to alleviate the sound effects of falls. An effective fall detection system is essential to bring critical support and to considerably reduce the medical care costs related with falls. The persons above 70 years of age were dead produced by fall incident. Hence we need consistent user based fall detection system. This fall detection system is proposed for elderly person monitoring which is based on smart sensors worn on the body and working through home networks. The key part of this system is ARM 7 Microcontroller. To detect the unintentional falls, a small low power tri-axial accelerometer is used and to detect heart rate cardio tachometer sensor is used. This specified 3-axis accelerometer sensor is used to measured acceleration of the body in all the three axes. By using information composed from an accelerometer and cardio tachometer the effects of falls can be noted. The system will also send the location of the person using GPS. Location information, which gives the information of longitude and latitude. The fall detection can be described as the rapid change from the front, right, left, back fall position information. The family members know how to, with permission, access this information and consider the safety of the elderly person. The system will contact the emergency center instantly through text message using GSM modem. Keywords—component, Fall detection system; ARM controller, tri-axial accelerometer; cardio tachometer; Elderly monitoring.
Genetic relationship between the Mus cervicolor M432 retrovirus and the Mus Musculus intracisternal type A particle

The genetic relationship between the retrovirus-like intracisternal type A particle (IAP) from Mus musculus and the novel retrovirus (M432) from M. cervicolor has been determined by heteroduplex and restriction endonuclease analyses of molecular clones of the respective genomes. We have found a major homology region (3.7 kilobase pairs) which probably begins near the 3' end of the M432 gag gene, spans the pol gene, and ends in the env gene. A second region (0.6 kilobase pairs) of weak homology was also observed adjacent to the 3' long terminal repeats of the respective genomes. The IAP genome is well conserved in the cellular DNA of all species of the genus Mus. In contrast, cellular DNA sequences related to the 5' end of the M432 genome, which shares no homology with the IAP genome, are found only in M. cervicolor and the closely related species M. cookii. These results suggest that the infectious M432 retroviral genome arose as a result of a recombinational event(s) between the IAP genome and another, as yet unidentified, class of retrovirus-related sequences or other cellular sequences.
Reference dependent utility from health and the demand for medical care

We examine the effect of reference health on the demand for medical care. We propose and empirically implement a dynamic model of demand for medical care that includes reference health, an average of previous health states. We find that gain or loss from reference health significantly affects the demand for medical care. The effect is stronger for losses than gains. The effect is strongest in the upper tail of medical care consumers. We compare the predictions of our dynamic model with one that omits reference health. Including reference health improves our ability to match individuals in the top 5 percent by 65 percent.
Mental health and psychosocial problems in the aftermath of the Nepal earthquakes: findings from a representative cluster sample survey

Aims. Two large earthquakes in 2015 caused widespread destruction in Nepal. This study aimed to examine frequency of common mental health and psychosocial problems and their correlates following the earthquakes. Methods. A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling design was employed to randomly select 513 participants (aged 16 and above) from three earthquake-affected districts in Nepal: Kathmandu, Gorkha and Sindhupalchowk, 4 months after the second earthquake. Outcomes were selected based on qualitative preparatory research and included symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25); post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Checklist-Civilian); hazardous alcohol use (AUDIT-C); symptoms indicating severe psychological distress (WHO-UNHCR Assessment Schedule of Serious Symptoms in Humanitarian Settings (WASSS)); suicidal ideation (Composite International Diagnostic Interview); perceived needs (Humanitarian Emergency Settings Perceived Needs Scale (HESPER)); and functional impairment (locally developed scale). Results. A substantial percentage of participants scored above validated cut-off scores for depression (34.3%, 95% CI 28.4–40.4) and anxiety (33.8%, 95% CI 27.6–40.6). Hazardous alcohol use was reported by 20.4% (95% CI 17.1–24.3) and 10.9% (95% CI 8.8–13.5) reported suicidal ideation. Forty-two percent reported that ‘distress’ was a serious problem in their community. Anger that was out of control (symptom from the WASSS) was reported by 33.7% (95% CI 29.5–38.2). Fewer people had elevated rates of PTSD symptoms above a validated cut-off score (5.2%, 95% CI 3.9–6.8), and levels of functional impairment were also relatively low. Correlates of elevated symptom scores were female gender, lower caste and greater number of perceived needs. Residing in Gorkha and Sindhupalchowk districts and lower caste were also associated with greater perceived needs. Higher levels of impaired functioning were associated with greater odds of depression and anxiety symptoms; impaired functioning was less strongly associated with PTSD symptoms. Conclusions. Four months after the earthquakes in Nepal, one out of three adults experienced symptoms of depression and distressing levels of anger, one out of five engaged in hazardous drinking, and one out of ten had suicidal thoughts. However, posttraumatic stress symptoms and functional impairment were comparatively less frequent. Taken together, the findings suggest that there were significant levels of psychological distress but likely low levels of disorder. The findings highlight the importance of indicated prevention strategies to reduce the risk of distress progressing to disorder within post-disaster mental health systems of care.
Characterization of new resistance plasmids belonging to incompatibility group IncQ

New IncQ R plasmids, pIE639 and pIE723, are characterized and compared to the prototype IncQ plasmid RSF1010. Additional resistance determinants not common on other R plasmids are located on small stretches of DNA interspacing essential regions at different positions in an otherwise unchanged core of IncQ plasmid DNA. The contribution of IncQ plasmids to resistance evolution in bacteria is discussed.
The Validity, Reliability and Clinical Utility of the Hong Kong Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA) in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Background/Aims: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hong Kong Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA) in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Methods: 40 SVD patients and 40 matched controls were recruited. Concurrent and criterion validity, inter-rater and test-retest reliability, internal consistency of the HK-MoCA were examined and clinical observations were made. Results: Performance on the HK-MoCA was significantly predicted by both executive (β = 0.23, p = 0.013) and non-executive (β = 0.64, p < 0.001) composite scores. It differentiated SVD patients from controls (area under the curve = 0.81, p < 0.001) with an optimal cutoff at 21/22. Reliability, internal consistency and clinical utility were good. Conclusion: The HK-MoCA is a useful cognitive screening instrument for use in SVD patients.
Establishment of EBNA‐expressing cell lines by infection of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐genome‐negative human lymphoma cells with different EBV strains

Cells of two EBNA (Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen)‐negative human lymphoma cell lines, BJAB and RAMOS, were infected with two strains of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). In two different experiments, B95‐8 virus‐infected BJAB cells revealed a gradually increasing number of EBNA‐positive cells. Twenty weeks after infection almost 100% of the cell population expressed this antigen. In contrast, it has not so far been possible to convert RAMOS cells into an EBNA‐positive cell line. The initial proportion of 35% EBNA‐positive cells declined to about 10% 20 weeks after infection. The development of EBNA‐positive multinuclear giant cells was a characteristic feature of infection with B95‐8 virus. EA (early antigen) and VCA (virus capsid antigen) appeared in less than 0.1% of the cell population after induction with IUdR only. Infection of BJAB and RAMOS cells with P3HR‐1 virus finally resulted in both cases in EBNA‐positive lines. In contrast to B95‐8 virus, the number of EBNA‐positive cells remained below 1% during the first 6 to 8 weeks. A sudden increase occurred thereafter, bringing the number of EBNA‐expressing cells to almost 100% within the following 4 weeks. During this period, BJAB but not RAMOS cells revealed a small number of EA‐ as well as VCA‐positive cells (<0.1%). Thus, reinfection by spontaneously released virus may explain the sudden increase in EBNA‐positive BJAB cells. Two distinct patterns of EBNA staining in P3HR‐1 virus‐infected cells were observed. They may suggest a genetic heterogeneity of this virus preparation.
Compression-Based Data Mining

Compression-based data mining is a universal approach to clustering, classification, dimensionality reduction, and anomaly detection. It is motivated by results in bioinformatics, learning, and computational theory that are not well known outside those communities. It is based on an easily computed compression dissimilarity measure (CDM) between objects obtained by compression. The basic concept is easy to understand, but its foundations are rigorously formalized in information theory. The similarity between any two objects (XML files, time series, text strings, molecules, etc.) can be obtained using a universal lossless compressor. The compression dissimilarity measure is the size of the compressed concatenation of the two objects divided by the sum of the compressed sizes of each of the objects. The intuition is that if two objects are similar, lossless compressor will remove the redundancy between them and the resulting size of the concatenated object should be close the size of the larger of the two compressed constituent objects. The larger the CDM between two objects, the more dissimilar they are. Classification, clustering and anomaly detection algorithms can then use this dissimilarity measure in a wide variety of applications. Many of these are described in (Keogh et al., 2004), (Keogh et al. 2007), and references therein. This approach works well when (1) objects are large and it is computationally expensive to compute other distances (e.g., very long strings); or (2) there are no natural distances between the objects or none that are reasonable from first principles. CDM is “parameter-free” and thus avoids over-fitting the data or relying upon assumptions that may be incorrect (Keogh et al., 2004). CDM enjoys the following properties:
RELATIONSHIP OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL AND VENOUS PRESSURE TO DIFFUSING CAPACITY.

Single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DlCO) was determined in ten isolated perfused cat lungs at 37 C during a) forward (arterial) perfusion through the pulmonary artery and b) reverse (venous) perfusion through the left atrium. Blood flow, inflow and outflow pressure, lung volume, and transpulmonary ventilating pressure were approximately equal in a and b, but in all ten lungs DlCO was greater in b than a. In five lungs during forward (arterial) perfusion blood flow was increased from a mean of 62–180 ml/min while left atrial outflow pressure was maintained about zero mm Hg. At the higher blood flow DlCO was not significantly changed although vascular resistance decreased a mean of 34% and arterial pressure increased a mean of 98%. We conclude that a) transmural pressure in the pulmonary veins is more important than that in the arteries in determining the size of the capillary bed as measured by DlCO, and b) the size of the capillary bed and total vascular resistance can vary independently. When pulmonary edema occurred in five lungs DlCO did not change significantly. pulmonary capillary bed size; pulmonary edema and lung diffusing capacity; pulmonary blood flow and lung diffusing capacity Submitted on February 11, 1963
What Does the Occluding Contour Tell Us about Solid Shape?

A new theorem is discussed that relates the apparent curvature of the occluding contour of a visual shape to the intrinsic curvature of the surface and the radial curvature. This theorem allows the formulation of general laws for the apparent curvature, independent of viewing distance and regardless of the fact that the rim (the boundary between the visible and invisible parts of the object) is a general, thus twisted, space curve. Consequently convexities, concavities, or inflextions of contours in the retinal image allow the observer to draw inferences about local surface geometry with certainty. These results appear to be counterintuitive, witness to the treatment of the problem by recent authors. It is demonstrated how well-known examples, used to show how concavities and convexities of the contour have no obvious relation to solid shape, are actually good illustrations of the fact that convexities are due to local ovoid shapes, concavities to local saddle shapes.
Ideal Mhd Stability of Internal Kinks in Circular and Shaped Tokamaks

Stability limits for the internal kink mode are calculated for tokamaks with different current profiles and plasma cross-sections using ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The maximum stable poloidal beta at the q = 1 surface (beta(p)) is sensitive to the current profile, but for circular cross-sections it is typically between 0.1 and 0.2. Large aspect ratio theory gives similar predictions when the appropriate boundary conditions are applied at the plasma-vacuum surface. It is found that the internal kink is significantly destabilized by ellipticity. For JET geometry, the ideal MHD limit in beta(p) is typically between 0.03 and 0.1, and arbitrarily low limits can result if the shear is reduced at the q = 1 surface. A large aspect ratio expansion of the Mercier criterion retaining the effects of ellipticity and triangularity is used to illustrate the destabilizing influence of ellipticity.
Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism is linked to a 1.7 Mb region on chromosome 2p13.3–14

Bachground: Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited form of primary hyperparathyroidism. Although comprising only about 1% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, identification and functional analysis of a causative gene for FIHP is likely to advance our understanding of parathyroid physiology and pathophysiology. Methods: A genome-wide screen of DNA from seven pedigrees with FIHP was undertaken in order to identify a region of genetic linkage with the disorder. Results: Multipoint linkage analysis identified a region of suggestive linkage (LOD score 2.68) on chromosome 2. Fine mapping with the addition of three other families revealed significant linkage adjacent to D2S2368 (maximum multipoint LOD score 3.43). Recombination events defined a 1.7 Mb region of linkage between D2S2368 and D2S358 in nine pedigrees. Sequencing of the two most likely candidate genes in this region, however, did not identify a gene for FIHP. Conclusions: We conclude that a causative gene for FIHP lies within this interval on chromosome 2. This is a major step towards eventual precise identification of a gene for FIHP, likely to be a key component in the genetic regulation of calcium homeostasis.
Notes on Randomness for Continuous Measures

Most studies on algorithmic randomness focus on reals random with respect to the uniform distribution, i.e. the (1/2, 1/2)-Bernoulli measure, which is measure theoretically isomorphic to Lebesgue measure on the unit interval. The theory of uniform randomness, with all its ramifications (e.g. computable or Schnorr randomness) has been well studied over the past decades and has led to an impressive theory. Recently, a lot of attention focused on the interaction of algorithmic randomness with recursion theory: What are the computational properties of random reals? In other words, which computational properties hold effectively for almost every real? This has led to a number of interesting results, many of which will be covered in a forthcoming book by Downey and Hirschfeldt [15]. While the understanding of “holds effectively” varied in these results (depending on the underlying notion of randomness, such as computable, Schnorr, or weak randomness, or various arithmetic levels of Martin-Löf randomness, to name only a few), the meaning of “for almost every” was usually understood with respect to Lebesgue measure. One reason for this can surely be seen in the fundamental relation between uniform Martin-Löf tests and descriptive complexity in terms of (prefix-free) Kolmogorov complexity: A real is not covered by any Martin-Löf
Expression of the Yeast PIS1 Gene Requires Multiple Regulatory Elements Including a Rox1p Binding Site*

The PIS1 gene is required for de novo synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI), an essential phospholipid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PIS1 gene expression is unusual because it is uncoupled from the other phospholipid biosynthetic genes, which are regulated in response to inositol and choline. Relatively little is known about regulation of transcription of the PIS1 gene. We reported previously that PIS1 transcription is sensitive to carbon source. To further our understanding of the regulation of PIS1 transcription, we carried out a promoter deletion analysis that identified three regions required for PIS1 gene expression (upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements 1-3). Deletion of either UAS1 or UAS2 resulted in an ∼45% reduction in expression, whereas removal of UAS3 yielded an 84% decrease in expression. A comparison of promoters among several Saccharomyces species shows that these sequences are highly conserved. Curiously, the UAS3 element region (-149 to -138) includes a Rox1p binding site. Rox1p is a repressor of hypoxic genes under aerobic growth conditions. Consistent with this, we have found that expression of a PIS1-cat reporter was repressed under aerobic conditions, and this repression was dependent on both Rox1p and its binding site. Furthermore, PI levels were elevated under anaerobic conditions. This is the first evidence that PI levels are affected by regulation of PIS1 transcription.
How Do Examiners and Examinees Think About Role-Playing of Standardized Patients in an OSCE Setting?

ObjectiveThe use of standardized patients in Objective Structured Clinical Examinations in the assessment of psychiatric residents has increased in recent years. The aim of this study is to investigate the experience of psychiatry residents and examiners with standardized patients in Iran.MethodFinal-year residents in psychiatry participated in this study. Experienced examiners were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning the ability of standardized patients to realistically portray psychiatric patients.ResultsStandardized patients can convincingly portray psychiatric disorders and act according to the requested complex scenarios.ConclusionsAccording to these findings, the authors recommend the use of standardized patients in OSCEs for psychiatric board certification exams.
The Structure and Function of Catalytic Domains Within Inositol Polyphosphate 5‐Phosphatases

Phosphoinositide signaling pathways regulate many essential cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation and survival, cytoskeletal organization, and vesicular trafficking. The inositol polyphosphate 5‐phosphatases regulate the cellular levels of several bioactive phosphoinositide species. This review describes the structure and function of the 5‐phosphatase and Sac1 catalytic domains of these enzymes. The crystal structure of the 5‐phosphatase domain has been solved and shares homology with members of the AP endonuclease family. The phosphoinositide polyphosphatase activity of the Sac1 domain, found in some inositol polyphosphate 5‐phosphatases, is defined by a motif, CX 5 R(T/S), also found in both protein and lipid phosphatases.
Small-Firm Computing: Motivators and Inhibitors

This paper examines information system evolution in small firms. It focuses on applications growth, and uses the experiences of six small manufacturing firms to identify motivators and inhibitors of growth. Many factors were identified. Motivators of growth included improved enthusiasm for the technology. Inadequate resources and limited education about information systems were among the factors that inhibited application growth.
Derivative-Free Kalman Filtering Based Approaches to Dynamic State Estimation for Power Systems With Unknown Inputs

This paper proposes a decentralized derivative-free dynamic state estimation method in the context of a power system with unknown inputs, to address cases when system linearization is cumbersome or impossible. The suggested algorithm tackles situations when several inputs, such as the excitation voltage, are characterized by uncertainty in terms of their status. The technique engages one generation unit only and its associated measurements, and it remains totally independent of other system wide measurements and parameters, facilitating in this way the applicability of this process on a decentralized basis. The robustness of the method is validated against different contingencies. The impact of parameter errors, process, and measurement noise on the unknown input estimation performance is discussed. This understanding is further supported through detailed studies in a realistic power system model.