Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Teachers’ Attitudes towards Creative Students in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja-Nigeria

This study investigated the gender differences on teachers’ Attitude towards creative students of senior secondary school students in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja Nigeria. The study aims to find out the gender differences in teachers’ attitude toward creative students in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. A sample of 381 respondents from a population of 70,162 senior secondary school students was used. A self-structured questionnaire titled: Students Creativity Performance Questionnaire (SCPQ) and Teachers’ Creativity Attitude Questionnaire (TCAQ) was used for data collection. The TCAQ and SCPQ is a 28-item instrument designed along a four-point Likert scale. The validity and reliability of the instrument were determined by experts in the field and test-retest technique was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Data collected were analysed through frequency count and means scores, while the hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The study concludes that the attitude of teacher towards creativity and creative students is negative. The study established also that the creative performance of students is below average which suggests that the attitude of teachers have the effect of students’ creative ability. It was recommended that there is a need for the government make creativity an essential aspect of the curricula to come up with creative products and innovations amongst students in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja; Teachers should improve their attitude towards creative students in senior secondary schools in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
Recent Trends in Energy Efficient Security Implementation for Resource Constraint Devices

: Security is essential for any resource constrained devices. But along with security battery life is a critical performance and user experience metric for many resource constrained devices. While programming for resource constraint devices there is need to adapt various energy efficient computation trends. Many factors affect power consumption of a computing device like hardware, platform, implementation and etc. This paper will give insights for different energy efficient computation for resource constraint devices
Tissue ischemia measurement using induced current impedance spectroscopy: non-contact system design

Impedance spectroscopy is a promising method for tissue ischemia measurement. Ischemia alters physiological and biochemical tissue properties, which change tissue impedance. This can be detected and monitored using impedance spectroscopic measurement methods. The authors have developed a system for non-invasive ischemia measurements, based on injected current impedance spectroscopy. The overall goal of the present research is to develop a noninvasive, non-contact, fully-automated portable device for muscle tissue ischemia measurement, monitoring and imaging, based on induced current impedance spectroscopy. In the course of this research, the authors will develop models and implement a device that will use eddy current impedance spectroscopic techniques to measure the impedance of small volume samples of tissue. Here, the authors present the basic impedance spectroscopic principles, eddy current imaging fundamentals. The authors propose a basic system design, and discuss the major differences between induced and injected current impedance spectroscopy.
Uncertainty analysis of a commercial microwave noise temperature measurement system using Monte Carlo simulations

A Monte Carlo simulation, a non‐linear fitting routine, and an uncertainty extraction routine are used to analyze the uncertainty of a commercial microwave noise temperature measurement system. Measured data for an S/C band synthetic FET‐based cold load, two microwave solid‐state noise diode hot loads, and an ambient load is obtained, and the measurement system uncertainties are subsequently assessed using different DUTs. An estimation of the measurement system uncertainties is determined for a range of DUT temperatures, and the results are consistent with the noise temperature uncertainties calculated from the measured data at the same frequency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Real Estate Review

We develop an automated valuation model (AVM) for the residential real estate market by leveraging stacked generalization and a comparable market analysis. Specifically, we combine four novel ensemble learning methods with a repeat sales method and tailor the data selection for each value estimate. We calibrate and evaluate the model for the residential real estate market in Oslo by producing out-of-sample estimates for the value of 1,979 dwellings sold in the first quarter of 2018. Our novel approach of using stacked generalization achieves a median absolute percentage error of 5.4%, and more than 96% of the dwellings are estimated within 20% of their actual sales price. A comparison of the valuation accuracy of our AVM to that of the local estate agents in Oslo generally demonstrates its viability as a valuation tool. However, in stable market phases, the machine falls short of human capability.
Interface defect formation in MOSFETs by atomic hydrogen exposure

The formation of interface defects that occurs when atomic hydrogen, H/spl deg/, is introduced into the gate oxide of MOSFETs at room temperature has been studied. MOSFETs with the edges of the gate oxide at the source and drain exposed to the ambient were placed downstream of a hydrogen plasma. Baffles prevent UV light from the plasma from reaching the device. The effective channel lengths ranged from 0.9 to 5 /spl mu/m. For comparison, bare thermal oxides were exposed at the same time. The interface state density in the MOSFETs was measured by charge pumping and in the bare oxide by high-low capacitance-voltage measured with a Hg probe. We observe that the induced damage has the same energy distribution of interface traps in both types of samples. This distribution is very similar to that produced by irradiation or hot electron stressing. It is characterized by a broad peak at 0.7 eV above the valence band. A charge pumping analysis has been developed to measure interface states as a function of position above the MOSFET source and drain regions. The degradation decreases exponentially from the point of H/spl deg/ entry at the gate edges near the source and drain. This demonstrates that the hydrogen enters the gate oxide of the MOSFET at the channel edges. Furthermore, the decay length is constant within the experimental uncertainty over three orders of magnitude of H/spl deg/ dose and two orders of magnitude of interface trap density. The exponential decrease of defect generation with increasing lateral diffusion distance is in contrast to the weaker oxide thickness dependence of the defect generation rate observed by Cartier et al. (J. Non-Cryst. Sol., 1994). These results indicate that defects such as Si-H bonds at the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interfaces act as catalysts for H/sub 2/ formation by reactions such as Si- + H/spl deg//spl rarr/SiH, SiH + H/spl deg//spl rarr/Si- + H/sub 2/. Furthermore, the number of these sites is not changed by the H/sub 2/ exposure. >
“Embracing is the most important thing we can do” – Caring for the family members of patients at risk of suicide

ABSTRACT Aim This study explores mental health personnel’s experiences in the encounter with family members of patients at risk of suicide so as to develop a deeper understanding of the content of caring. Methodology Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 12 participants and were analysed and interpreted using a model inspired by the philosophical hermeneutics of Gadamer. The context was psychiatric wards. Findings Through a thematic analysis, four themes emerged: Acknowledgement as a premise for involving family members. Embracing with the family members’ feelings and reactions. Strengthening hope in a situation entailing a serious risk of suicide. Providing reassurance to family members in transitional situations. Conclusion Witnessing the family members’ suffering and needs is understood as arousing a sense of responsibility in the participants and triggering various care strategies such as listening, embracing, strengthening hope and providing reassurance.
A possible association between early life factors and burden of functional bowel symptoms in adulthood

Abstract Objective The studies of early life factors and development of functional bowel diseases show inconsistent results. We therefore examined associations between certain early life factors and functional bowel symptoms in adulthood. Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting Weight and height were measured and questionnaires were completed at the time point of enrollment in MOS. Subjects 1013 participants in the Malmö Offspring Study (MOS) without organic bowel disease with data available from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. Main outcome measures Associations were calculated between gestational age, birth weight, small-for-gestational-age and Apgar score from the Birth Registry, and symptoms according to the visual analog scale for irritable bowel syndrome (VAS-IBS) (abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, bloating and flatulence, vomiting and nausea, and symptoms’ influence on daily life) or self-reported IBS using logistic regression. Results In all, 253 (25.0%) participants reported bowel symptoms during the past 2 weeks and 179 (17.7%) self-reported IBS; conditions which were strongly associated (p < 0.001). Female sex and chronic stress were two independent factors more common among participants with bowel symptoms compared with asymptomatic participants (p < 0.001). Early life factors were not associated with presence of overall bowel symptoms (p = 0.080), any specific bowel symptoms or self-reported IBS. Lower birth weight (p = 0.038) and being born small for gestational age (p = 0.043) were associated with severe influence of intestinal symptoms on daily life in adulthood. Conclusions Lower birth weight and small for gestational age are not associated with the presence of overall bowel symptoms but with more pronounced influence of such symptoms on daily adult life. Key points Lower gestational age tended to be associated with functional bowel symptoms in adulthood. Lower birth weight and being small for gestational age are associated with increased negative influences of symptoms on daily life in adulthood. Patients born preterm or with low birth weights may be at increased risk to develop functional bowel symptoms later in life.
Enhancement of the dissolution and in-vitro activity of a new antineoplastic agent

Abstract The cell-surface molecule CD44 plays a major role in the regulation of cancer stem cells. The CD44 inhibitor compound N′-(1-dimethylaminomethyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-(benzyloxy)benzohydrazide (OYB), anticancer agent is practically insoluble in water. Hence, the solid dispersion (SD) technique was used for enhancing the dissolution of OYB. The SD of OYB was achieved using OYB:poloxamer 188 (1:7) via the fusion method. The anticancer activities of the free-OYB solution and the SD formulation (OYB-SD) were investigated in-vitro. The dissolution rate of OYB-SD (1:7) increased by 2-fold compared with the untreated drug (51.52–100% at pH 1.2 and 8.25–19.15% at pH 7 buffer). In addition, OYB-SD afforded 3-folds cytotoxic effect, against LoVo cells, compared to the untreated compound (IC50 4.72 ± 0.57 and 13.97 ± 0.90 µg/ml, respectively) and against HepG2 (∼3-fold) (4.98 ± 0.368 and 13.85 ± 1.82 µg/ml, respectively) and MCF-7 (1.4-fold) cells (15.20 ± 0.20 and 21.12 ± 0.51 µg/ml, respectively), and enhanced the apoptotic potential in LoVo cells compared with free-OYB. The improved cytotoxic activity of the drug might be attributable to the enhanced dissolution of OYB. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10837450.2021.2008966.
A Surrogate Objective Framework for Prediction+Optimization with Soft Constraints

Prediction+optimization is a common real-world paradigm where we have to predict problem parameters before solving the optimization problem. However, the criteria by which the prediction model is trained are often inconsistent with the goal of the downstream optimization problem. Recently, decision-focused prediction approaches, such as SPO+ and direct optimization, have been proposed to fill this gap. However, they cannot directly handle the soft constraints with the $max$ operator required in many real-world objectives. This paper proposes a novel analytically differentiable surrogate objective framework for real-world linear and semi-definite negative quadratic programming problems with soft linear and non-negative hard constraints. This framework gives the theoretical bounds on constraints' multipliers, and derives the closed-form solution with respect to predictive parameters and thus gradients for any variable in the problem. We evaluate our method in three applications extended with soft constraints: synthetic linear programming, portfolio optimization, and resource provisioning, demonstrating that our method outperforms traditional two-staged methods and other decision-focused approaches.
Bilingual Problems: Studying the Security Risks Incurred by Native Extensions in Scripting Languages

Scripting languages are continuously gaining popularity due to their ease of use and the flourishing software ecosystems that surround them. These languages offer crash and memory safety by design, thus, developers do not need to understand and prevent low-level security issues like the ones plaguing the C code. However, scripting languages often allow native extensions, which are a way for custom C/C++ code to be invoked directly from the high-level language. While this feature promises several benefits such as increased performance or the reuse of legacy code, it can also break the language's guarantees, e.g., crash-safety. In this work, we first provide a comparative analysis of the security risks of native extension APIs in three popular scripting languages. Additionally, we discuss a novel methodology for studying the misuse of the native extension API. We then perform an in-depth study of npm, an ecosystem which is most exposed to threats introduced by native extensions. We show that vulnerabilities in extensions can be exploited in their embedding library by producing reads of uninitialized memory, hard crashes or memory leaks in 33 npm packages, simply by invoking their API with well-crafted inputs. Moreover, we identify six open-source web applications in which such exploits can be deployed remotely by a weak adversary. Finally, we were assigned seven security advisories for the work presented in this paper, most labeled as high severity.
Johnson Coverage Hypothesis: Inapproximability of k-means and k-median in L_p metrics

K-median and k-means are the two most popular objectives for clustering algorithms. Despite intensive effort, a good understanding of the approximability of these objectives, particularly in $\ell_p$-metrics, remains a major open problem. In this paper, we significantly improve upon the hardness of approximation factors known in literature for these objectives in $\ell_p$-metrics. We introduce a new hypothesis called the Johnson Coverage Hypothesis (JCH), which roughly asserts that the well-studied max k-coverage problem on set systems is hard to approximate to a factor greater than 1-1/e, even when the membership graph of the set system is a subgraph of the Johnson graph. We then show that together with generalizations of the embedding techniques introduced by Cohen-Addad and Karthik (FOCS '19), JCH implies hardness of approximation results for k-median and k-means in $\ell_p$-metrics for factors which are close to the ones obtained for general metrics. In particular, assuming JCH we show that it is hard to approximate the k-means objective: $\bullet$ Discrete case: To a factor of 3.94 in the $\ell_1$-metric and to a factor of 1.73 in the $\ell_2$-metric; this improves upon the previous factor of 1.56 and 1.17 respectively, obtained under UGC. $\bullet$ Continuous case: To a factor of 2.10 in the $\ell_1$-metric and to a factor of 1.36 in the $\ell_2$-metric; this improves upon the previous factor of 1.07 in the $\ell_2$-metric obtained under UGC. We also obtain similar improvements under JCH for the k-median objective. Additionally, we prove a weak version of JCH using the work of Dinur et al. (SICOMP '05) on Hypergraph Vertex Cover, and recover all the results stated above of Cohen-Addad and Karthik (FOCS '19) to (nearly) the same inapproximability factors but now under the standard NP$\neq$P assumption (instead of UGC).
Hierarchy Decoder is All You Need To Text Classification

Hierarchical text classiﬁcation (HTC) to a taxonomy is essential for various real applications but challenging since HTC models often need to process a large volume of data that are severely imbalanced and have hierarchy dependencies. Existing local and global approaches use deep learning to improve HTC by reducing the time complexity and incorporating the hierarchy dependencies. However, it is difﬁcult to satisfy both conditions in a single HTC model. This paper proposes a hierarchy decoder (HiDEC) that uses recursive hierarchy decoding based on an encoder-decoder architecture. The key idea of the HiDEC involves decoding a context matrix into a sub-hierarchy sequence using recursive hierarchy decoding, while staying aware of hierarchical dependencies and level information. The HiDEC is a uniﬁed model that incorporates the beneﬁts of existing approaches, thereby alleviating the aforementioned difﬁculties without any trade-off. In addition, it can be applied to both single-and multi-label classiﬁcation with a minor modiﬁcation. The superiority of the proposed model was veriﬁed on two benchmark datasets (WOS-46985 and RCV1) with an explanation of the reasons for its success.
Resistance-Time Co-Modulated PointNet for Temporal Super-Resolution Simulation of Blood Vessel Flows

In this paper, a novel deep learning framework is proposed for temporal super-resolution simulation of blood vessel flows, in which a high-temporal-resolution time-varying blood vessel flow simulation is generated from a low-temporal-resolution flow simulation result. In our framework, point-cloud is used to represent the complex blood vessel model, resistance-time aided PointNet model is proposed for extracting the time-space features of the time-varying flow field, and finally we can reconstruct the high-accuracy and high-resolution flow field through the Decoder module. In particular, the amplitude loss and the orientation loss of the velocity are proposed from the vector characteristics of the velocity. And the combination of these two metrics constitutes the final loss function for network training. Several examples are given to illustrate the effective and efficiency of the proposed framework for temporal super-resolution simulation of blood vessel flows.
Preheating and reheating effects of the Kähler moduli inflation I model

We investigate reheating in the string-theory-motivated K\"ahler Moduli Inflation I (KMII) potential, coupled to a light scalar field $\chi$ and produce constraints and forecasts based on Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and gravitational wave observables. We implement a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling method to compute the adopted model's parameter ranges allowed by the current CMB observations. Floquet analysis and numerical lattice simulations are performed to analyze the nonlinear effects of the model's (p)reheating phase. We derive bounds on the $\Lambda$CDM parameters $A_s$, $n_s$, $n_{\mathrm{run}}$, and $r$ based on \textit{Planck} results, finding that correlations between model parameters severely constrain the range of these parameters allowed within this model. While the KMII potential's non-vanishing minimum may provide a possible source for the observed dark energy density $\rho_{\mathrm{DE}}$ this cannot be tested with current observations. We estimate the $95\%$ CI bounds on the inflaton mass $m_{\phi}$ and reheating temperature $T_{\mathrm{reh}}$ to be $2.1 \times 10^{13} \, \mathrm{GeV} \lesssim m_{\phi} \lesssim 3.2 \times 10^{13} \, \mathrm{GeV}$ and $T_{\mathrm{reh}} \gtrsim 1.8 \times 10^{3} \, \mathrm{GeV}$, respectively. We observe {both} self-resonance and parametric resonance instability band structures in our Floquet analysis results. Finally, we do not observe any formation of oscillon configurations in our lattice simulations; however, our results predict a stochastic gravitational wave background generated during preheating that would be observable today in the $10^{9}$ - $10^{11} \, \mathrm{Hz}$ frequency range.
Practical Distributed Control for Cooperative Multicopters in Structured Free Flight Concepts

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are now becoming increasingly accessible to amateur and commercial users alike. Several types of airspace structures have been proposed in recent research, which include several structured free flight concepts. In this paper, for simplicity, distributed coordination of the motions of cooperative multicopters in structured airspace concepts is focused on. This is formulated as a free flight problem, including convergence to destination lines/planes and inter-agent collision avoidance. The destination line of each multicopter is known a priori. Further, Lyapunov-like functions are designed elaborately, while formal analysis and proofs of the proposed distributed control are given to show that the free flight control problem can be solved. What is more, by the proposed controller, a multicopter can keep away from another as soon as possible once it enters the safety area of another one. Simulations and experiments are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.