Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Aspect of the Voltage/Confinement Ratio Phase Diagram for a Confined Homeotropic Cholesteric

We have investigated the behavior of a cholesteric mixture, consisting of the negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal MBBA and a chiral dopant S811(1%b.w.). In the phase diagram a.c. applied voltage versus confinement ratio, in addition to the transition previously observed, before reaching the domain of the transition TIC(Translationnary Invariant Cholesteric)–modulated TIC, we have observed a new stability domain for the topological bubble. These bubbles are now surrounded by the TIC domains and necessarily associated to an hyperbolic − 1 defect of the in plane director component.We have also obtained experimentally topological defect chains, formed by topological dipoles similar to the ones formed in 2 compound materials: liquid crystal/solid spheres or liquid crystal/liquid droplets.
Simultaneous Multimode Oscillation of Stress-Compensated Cut Quartz Resonator with Narrow-Band Wide Variable-Range Quartz Crystal Oscillator

A multimode-quartz-crystal oscillator was developed to excite stable dual-mode resonance at different frequencies: The oscillation of the 3rd harmonic resonance of the principle C-mode and an additional resonance B-mode of SC-cut crystal. Harmonic combinations of the 3rd and fundamental mode of B-mode with the 3rd harmonics of C-mode are demonstrated. The measurement of the temperature dependence of the oscillation frequency is demonstrated along with the stability determined by root Allan variance. Dependence on the open conductance of the active circuit and the dependence on the coupling capacitors are discussed.
Comparison of a microwave digestion system to other digestion methods for plant tissue analysis

Abstract Most digestion procedures for the preparation for plant tissue for elemental analysis are often very laborious. Elemental contents of plant tissue prepared by microwave digestion were compared to those obtained by conventional dry ashing and sulfuric acid‐hydrogen peroxide wet digestion. All three digestion methods produced comparable quantitative values for the elements P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu for all plant materials used. Thus, the microwave digestion technique was shown to be a viable rapid method for digesting relatively small numbers of samples prior to elemental analysis.
A simple adjustable mount for a two-stage cryorefrigerator on an Eulerian cradle

A unit for holding and centring a closed-cycle refrigerator on an Eulerian cradle is described. The X, Y translations orthogonal to the ϕ rotation are obtained by tilting motions, and blocked by a constant springload. Locking is therefore not necessary, and this facilitates the centring of the crystal. In addition, the unit is very easy and cheap to fabricate. The cryostat is in routine operation for neutron diffraction work, and a similar design should be applicable in X-ray diffractometry.
Application of N,N′‐Dimethyl‐N,N′‐Di(4‐Chlorophenyl)Tetradecyl Malonamide for the Selective Recovery of Iron(III) from Concentrated Chloride Solutions

Abstract The feasibility of using two new diamides namely; N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐di(4‐chlorophenyl)malonamide (DMDPhClMA) and N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐di(4‐chlorophenyl)tetradecylmalonamide (DMDPhClTDMA), as agents for the selective extraction of iron(III) from chloride solution was investigated. A systematic investigation has been carried out on the detailed extraction properties of iron(III) with these extractants from chloride media. The extraction of iron(III) from an aqueous chloride solution in the presence of metal ions, such as Zn(II), Co(II), Mn(II) Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II) and Ag(I) was carried out using DMDPhClMA or DMDPhClTDMA in binary and multicomponent mixtures. The quantitative extraction of iron(III) with DMDPhClMA and DMDPhClTDMA in toluene is observed at 4 and 7 M HCl, respectively. The quantitative stripping of Fe(III), from the loaded organic phase was successfully achieved by simple contact with water.
Synthesis and properties of metal-substituted myoglobins

Myoglobins containing a variety of metallomesoporphyrins (MgP, CdP, SnP, PtP, PdP, H 2 P) have been synthesized and characterized. Cadmium was found to be a convenient metal ion for direct insertion or removal from a protein-bound porphyrin. The photochemical instability of SnMb is likely related to the presence of both the proximal and distal histidines in the coordination environment of the Sn
Hybrid algorithms based on harmony search and differential evolution for global optimization

In this paper, two hybrid algorithms are proposed for global optimization by merging the mechanisms of Harmony Search (HS) and Differential Evolution (DE). First, the learning mechanism of a variant of HS named Global-best Harmony Search (GHS) is embedded into the framework of DE to develop an algorithm called Global Harmony Differential Evolution (GHDE). Besides, the differential operator of DE is introduced into the framework of GHS to develop another new algorithm called Differential Harmony Search (DHS). Numerical simulations are carried out based a set of benchmarks. And simulation results and comparisons show that the hybrid algorithms are superior to the GHS and DE in terms of searching efficiency and searching quality. Meanwhile, the effect of some key parameters on the performances of DHS is investigated.
Defending Against GPS Spoofing by Analyzing Visual Cues

) Massive GPS navigation services are used by billions of people in their daily lives. GPS spoofing is quite a challenging problem nowadays. Existing Anti–GPS spoofing systems primarily focus on expensive equipment and complicated algorithms, which are not practical and deployable for most of the users. In this thesis, we explore the feasibility of a simple text-based system design for Anti–GPS spoofing. The goal is to use the lower cost and make the system more effective and robust for general spoofing attack detection. Our key idea is to only use the textual information from the physical world and build a real-time system to detect GPS spoofing. To demonstrate the feasibility, we first design image processing modules to collect sufficient textual information in panoramic images. Then, we simulate real-world spoofing attacks from two cities to build our training and testing datasets. We utilize LSTM to build a binary classifier which is the key for our Anti–GPS spoofing system. Finally, we evaluate the system performance by simulating driving tests. We prove that our system can achieve more than 98% detection accuracy when the ratio of attacked points in a driving route is more than 50%. Our system has a promising performance for general spoofing attack strategies and it proves the feasibility of using textual information for the spoofing attack detection.
17.6% efficient tricrystalline silicon solar cells with spatially uniform texture

Up to now solar cells fabricated on tricrystalline Czochralski‐grown silicon (tri‐Si) have shown relatively low short‐circuit current densities of about 31–33 mA/cm2 because the three {110}‐oriented grains cannot effectively be textured by commonly used anisotropic etching solutions. In this work, we have optimised a novel chemical texturing step for tri‐Si and integrated it successfully into our solar cell process. Metal/insulator/semiconductor‐contacted phosphorus‐diffused n+p junction silicon solar cells with a silicon‐dioxide‐passivated rear surface and evaporated aluminium contacts were manufactured, featuring a spatially uniform surface texture over all three grains on both cell sides. Despite the simple processing sequence and cell structure, an independently confirmed record efficiency of 17.6% has been achieved. This excellent efficiency is mainly due to an increased short‐circuit current density of 37 mA/cm2 obtained by substantially reduced reflection and enhanced light trapping. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Growth and Optical Properties of One-Dimensional ZnO Nanostructures on SnO2 Nanobelts

Various ZnO nanostructures, such as nanobelts, nanorods, and nanowires, have been grown on presynthesized SnO2 nanobelts via a simple thermal evaporation of Zn powders, without using any catalysts, producing various heterostructures. The evaporation temperature is the critical experimental parameter for the formation of different morphologies of these nanostructures. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra of the heterostructures show that the relative intensity of ultraviolet emission to the green band can be tuned by controlling the morphologies and sizes of the secondary-grown 1D ZnO nanostructures, suggesting that the nano-heterostructures of these nanostructures grown on SnO2 nanobelts may have potential applications in nano-optoelectronic devices.
Evaluation the effect of decellularized urinary bladder submucosa on healing of induced tendon injuries in rabbits

This study planned to evaluate the efficiency of dried decellularized scaffold of urinary bladder martrix (DDUBM) on the tendon healing in rabbits. Twenty adult local breed of both sex rabbits were used and were divided into two equal groups (n=10). The two groups were induced tendon injuries by 1 cm long excision of one-third of the diameter of the right superficial flexor tendon. The first group (treated group) was treated with DDUBM and the second group was treated with normal saline as control (control group). Specimens from injured tendon took for histopathological study at 5th, 8th, 14th, and 21st days post-surgery to evaluate the tendon healing. The histopathological result showed advanced healing in the group A as collagen fibers maturated, parallel wave pattern and the type of collagen fibers was converted with compare with control group. In conclusion, there is a clear effect of DDUBM on injured tendon healing.
Bilinear Control of Evolution Equations

(1) { u′(t) +Au(t) + p(t)Bu(t) = 0 u(0) = u0 to some special target trajectories, called eigensolutions. Here p is a bilinear control. Denoted by {λk}k∈N∗ the eigenvalues of A and by {φk}k∈N∗ the associated eigenfunctions, the jth eigensolution of (1), ψj(t) = e jφj , is the solution of (1) for p = 0 and u0 = φj . The hypotheses to apply our result are linked to the null controllability of the following linearized problem { u′(t) +Au(t) + p(t)Bφj = 0 u(0) = u0 and to the associated control cost. Sufficient conditions to have a suitable control cost, which allows to apply our controllability result, are an uniform gap condition of the eigenvalues of A and a lower bound for the Fourier coefficients of Bφj . Observe that, because of the gap condition, the results of [1] are mostly applicable to low dimensional problems. Therefore, it is reasonable to apply our controllability result to parabolic evolution equation on network structure, which are essentially one-dimensional domains. However, by considering the following dynamics { ut(t, x)−∆u(t, x) + p(t)Bu(t, x) = 0 u(0, x) = u0(x) on a graph, one soon realizes that the eigenvalues of the Laplacian do not verify an uniform gap. In [2] we adapted the controllabilty result of [1] to the case of a weaker gap condition of the eigenvalues. Thus, we were able to prove controllability to eigensolutions for the above problem on star and tadpole graphs. This is a joint work with P. Cannarsa and A. Duca.
Multiple-impeller stirred vessel studies

Abstract Multi-impeller stirred vessels are widely used for industrial applications. Based on the numerous studies that reported the motivation and importance of studies on multi-impeller systems, a systematic study was conducted to identify the focus and objectives of research and types of experiments conducted using multi-impeller systems. Researchers mainly focused on the effects of impeller spacing, off-bottom clearance, and type of impeller combinations. Most experiments were conducted on power number, power consumption, gas hold-up, and gas-liquid mass transfer. Research works have not exhausted all impeller-type combinations and there are still opportunities for future work. Computational fluid dynamics studies involving multi-impeller systems are also still lacking owing to flow complexities. This work can serve as a roadmap for future study themes.
Surfactant‐Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Chain‐Like CoNi Alloy Assemblies

Novel chain-like CoNi alloy assemblies with a length of up to 6–7 μm were successfully prepared by a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal synthetic route at 100 °C for 2 h. The individual submicrospheres built from smaller CoNi nanoparticles had a diameter of about 400–500 nm. These microspheres were then integrated to form the novel chain-like CoNi alloy assemblies. The effects of synthetic parameters such as surfactant and solvent on the formation and morphology of CoNi samples were investigated. The experimental results showed that N2H4·H2O and CTA+ play important roles in the formation of the novel chain-like CoNi alloy assemblies. Based on the structural information provided by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, a growth mechanism was tentatively proposed for the formation of chain-like CoNi alloy assemblies. Magnetic hysteresis measurement revealed that the chain-like CoNi alloy assemblies display ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 96.15 emu/g and a coercivity of 144.75 Oe at room temperature. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Direct oxidation of methane to methanol on Fe–O modified graphene

Introduction of functional groups to graphene can be used for the rational design of catalysts for the oxidation of hydrocarbons to alcohols. We have employed the PBE-D2 level of theory to study the direct oxidation of CH4 to CH3OH on a Fe–O active site generated on graphene by the decomposition of nitrous oxide (N2O) over Fe-embedded graphene. Restricted and unrestricted spin state of systems were also taken into account. The calculations show that FeO/graphene provides excellent reactivity for the oxy-functionalization of methane to methanol. The oxygen-centered radicals (O−˙) on the catalyst can activate the strong C–H bond of methane leading to its homolytic cleavage. The C–H bond activation requires an energy of 17.5 kcal mol−1, which is comparable with the barrier on traditional effective catalysts. Comparing the molecular adsorption complex, the formation of the iron coordinated fragments of C–H bond activation on the graphene support is found to be less energetically stable than on the Fe sites in the zeolite support. As a result, the conversion of the grafted species to the methanol product in the second step of the reaction is much more facile than for Fe-exchanged zeolite catalysts. An activation energy of 16.4 kcal mol−1 is required to yield the methanol product. Fe–O modified graphene materials could be promising catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane with N2O as an oxidant.
Threshold displacement energy in yttria-stabilized zirconia

We have studied the color center production in yttria-stabilized zirconia single crystals (i.e. ZrO2: Y with 9.5 mol% Y2O3) with the (100) orientation, by electron irradiations at energies ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 MeV. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements show that three paramagnetic centers are stable at room-temperature: i) an F+-type center (singly ionized oxygen vacancy), ii) the so-called T-center (Zr3+ in a trigonal oxygen environment), and iii) a hole center. The growth curves of F+-type centers at variable electron energy cannot be rescaled versus the absorbed dose. These data confirm that F+-type center production is primarily governed by elastic collision processes with a threshold electron energy about 1.0 MeV. This can be correlated to a threshold displacement energy either about 120 eV for the O-atoms in the collision cascades, or about 80 eV for the Zr- (or Y-) atoms. In contrast, the growth curves of T-centers at variable electron energy are rescaled versus the absorbed dose. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of exercise training on -motoneurons

Gardiner, P., Y. Dai, and C. J. Heckman. Effects of exercise training on -motoneurons.JApplPhysiol101:1228–1236,2006.doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00482. 2006. — Evidence is presented that one locus of adaptation in the “neural adaptations to training” is at the level of the -motoneurons. With increased voluntary activity, these neurons show evidence of dendrite restructuring, increased protein synthesis, increased axon transport of proteins, enhanced neuromuscular transmission dynamics, and changes in electrophysiological properties. The latter include hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and voltage threshold, increased rate of action potential development, and increased amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization following the action potential. Many of these changes demonstrate intensity-related adaptations and are in the opposite direction under conditions in which chronic activity is reduced. A five-compartment model of rat motoneurons that innervate fast and slow muscle fibers (termed “fast” and “slow” motoneurons in this paper), including 10 active ion conductances, was used to attempt to reproduce exercise training-induced adaptations in electrophysiological properties. The results suggest that adaptations in -motoneurons with exercise training may involve alterations in ion conductances, which may, in turn, include changes in the gene expression of the ion channel subunits, which underlie these conductances. Interestingly, the acute neuromodulatory effects of monoamines on motoneuron properties, which would be a factor during acute exercise as these monoaminergic systems are activated, appear to be in the opposite direction to changes measured in endurance-trained motoneurons that are at rest. It may be that regular increases in motoneuronal excitability during exercise via these monoaminergic systems in fact render the motoneurons less excitable when at rest. More research is required to establish the relationships between exercise training, resting and exercise motoneuron excitability, ion channel modulation, and the effects of neuromodulators.
Avalanche mechanism for the enhanced loss of ultracold atoms

In several experiments with ultracold trapped atoms, a narrow loss feature has been observed near an {\it atom-dimer resonance}, at which there is an Efimov trimer at the atom-dimer threshold. The conventional interpretation of these loss features is that they are produced by the {\it avalanche mechanism}, in which the energetic atom and dimer from 3-body recombination undergo secondary elastic collisions that produce additional atoms with sufficient energy to escape from the trapping potential. We use Monte Carlo methods to calculate the average number of atoms lost and the average heat generated by recombination events in a Bose-Einstein condensate and in a thermal gas. We improve on previous models by taking into account the energy-dependence of the cross sections, the spacial structure of the atom cloud, and the elastic scattering of the atoms. We show that the avalanche mechanism cannot produce a narrow loss feature near the atom-dimer resonance. The number of atoms lost from a recombination event can be more than twice as large as the 3 that would be obtained in the absence of secondary collisions. However the resulting loss feature is broad and its peak is at a scattering length that is larger than the atom-dimer resonance and depends on the trap depth.
Nucleophilic Additions to Cyclic Nitrones en Route to Iminocyclitols – Total Syntheses of DMDP, 6‐deoxy‐DMDP, DAB‐1, CYB‐3, Nectrisine, and Radicamine B

Highly diastereoselective nucleophilic additions to cyclic nitrones derived from L-malic acid and D-arabinose have been used for the construction of enantiomerically pure polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines. The synthetic strategy adopted was based on an oxidation/reduction protocol involving hydroxylamine/nitrone pairs and demonstrates the use of reagent- and substrate-derived stereocontrol. In most cases reactions took place with total diastereoselectivity and in quantitative yield, with no purification being necessary. By this strategy, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, 2-(aminomethyl)-, and 2-aryl-substituted polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines have been prepared with abundant configurational diversity. The use of appropriate substrates and reagents allowed for approaches to DMDP, 6-deoxy-DMDP, DAB-1, CYB-3, nectrisine and radicamine B. Several analogues of these compounds with inverted configuration at one or more stereocenters were also prepared. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Development and Prospect of Nanoarchitectured Solar Cells

This paper gives an overview of the development and prospect of nanotechnologies utilized in the solar cell applications. Even though it is not clearly pointed out, nanostructures indeed have been used in the fabrication of conventional solar cells for a long time. However, in those circumstances, only very limited benefits of nanostructures have been used to improve cell performance. During the last decade, the development of the photovoltaic device theory and nanofabrication technology enables studies of more complex nanostructured solar cells with higher conversion efficiency and lower production cost. The fundamental principles and important features of these advanced solar cell designs are systematically reviewed and summarized in this paper, with a focus on the function and role of nanostructures and the key factors affecting device performance. Among various nanostructures, special attention is given to those relying on quantum effect.
Mid‐infrared detectors in the 3–5 μm band using bound to continuum state absorption in InGaAs/InAlAs multiquantum well structures

Medium wavelength infrared (MWIR) detectors in the 3–5 μm band are demonstrated using bound to continuum state intersubband absorption in lattice‐matched InGaAs/InAlAs multiquantum well (MQW) structures. Photodetectors with responsivity peaked at 4 μm wavelength showed low dark current giving a background‐limited detectivity D*BL =2.3×1010 cm(Hz)1/2 /W at temperatures up to 120 K.
Kinetic investigations of the oxidation of arylazonaphthol dyes in hypochlorite solutions as a function of pH

A kinetic investigation has been made of the oxidation of 4-(4-sulfophenylazo)-1-naphthol (Orange I, 1), 1-(4-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol (Orange II, 2) and a series of substituted arylazonaphthol dyes in hypochlorite solution as a function of pH. Two chemically distinct reactions occur, one at high pH and the other in acid media (pH < 5), and both involve electrophilic oxidation of the nitrogen atom adjacent to the aryl ring. In acid media, aqueous chlorine reacts with the N–H group of the hydrazone tautomer (k2 ≈ 102 M–1 s–1); in alkaline media, reaction of HOCl with the common anion is much faster (k2 ≈ 105 M–1 s–1), due to delocalisation of the negative charge onto the nitrogen atom. Ortho- and para-substituents influence rate constants for both reactions, producing Hammett plots with slopes of –2 and –0.5 in acid and alkaline media, respectively. A mechanism for dye oxidation in alkaline media is proposed. Overall mechanistic pathways of dye degradation are extremely complex due to degradation of initial reaction products into small fragments. If an amino group is substituted into the dye, e.g. at the 8-position of 2-arylazo-1-naphthol dyes, rate constants for oxidation by aqueous chlorine increase by 500-fold. This indicates that direct reaction with the amino group becomes a precursor to degradation; this pathway is eliminated if an electron-withdrawing triazine group is introduced into the amino group.