Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anelastic Internal Wave Transmission

An anelastic extension to the Taylor-Goldstein equation is derived and a numerical method is developed to compute the transmission of small amplitude, two-dimensional internal waves in non-rotating, inviscid fluid having arbitrarily specified stratification and background velocity. Two particular applications are discussed. First, internal waves incident upon a piecewise-linear shear layer are examined and their transmission is computed as a function of the bulk Richardson number, Rib, and the ratio of the density scale height relative to the depth of the shear layer. The waves are found to transmit partially across critical levels if they coincide with heights where the gradient Richardson number is less than 1/4. Transmission is larger if Rib is smaller. Decreasing the density scale height reduces the frequency and wavenumber range over which internal waves propagate, but this does not significantly affect the magnitude of transmission. Second, internal waves generated by flow over Jan Mayen island are examined. Although the waves are ducted, the waves are found to transmit partially through the top of the duct. The results are used to interpret the discrepancy between predictions of ray theory and the fully nonlinear numerical simulations of Eckermann et al. 2006.
treeNODF: nestedness to phylogenetic, functional and other tree‐based diversity metrics

Available measures of nestedness consider descriptor variables (e.g. species) as equally associated, ignoring evolutionary or ecological dissimilarities. Here, we introduce treeNODF, a new class of nestedness that takes into account the resemblance of descriptor variables. The method is an extension of the NODF index and can be applied to systems in which the resemblance of descriptor variables is described by a tree‐like object. Computation of treeNODF is similar to NODF, but uses branch lengths instead of the sum of species occurrences. In this way, we can calculate a phyloNODF for metacommunities if a phylogeny is used to account for differences in phylogenetic diversity (PD) and traitNODF if a functional dendrogram constructed from species ecological traits is used to account for the functional diversity (FD) of communities. Similar to NODF, treeNODF can also be used to assess nestedness among species. In this case, envNODF uses a dendrogram describing the resemblance among the environmental conditions of different sites, to test whether rare species occur in a subset of the environmental conditions in the habitats occupied by frequent species. treeNODF is a composite metric that can be additively partitioned into compositional (S.fraction) and tree‐topology (topoNODF = treeNODF – S.fraction) components of the descriptor variables. Tests of treeNODF and its components can be carried out using null models and, if a hypothetical factor is used to order metacommunity data, permutation tests. We show that treeNODF is robust for matrix size and fill, as well as for tree topology. Finally, we illustrate the use of treeNODF by analysing data on Caribbean bats using phyloNODF, traitNODF and envNODF, as well as their composition and tree‐topology components.
Coverage Modeling in Neural Machine Translation using Orthogonal Regularization

신경망 번역 모델은 입력 문장을 표현 벡터로 변환하 는 인코더 네트워크와 표현 벡터를 활용하여 번역 문장 을 출력하는 디코더 네트워크로 구성된다 [1, 2]. 그러 나 표현 벡터의 크기는 고정되어 있기 때문에 가변적인 길이의 입력 문장에 대한 정보를 함축하기 어렵다. 따라 서 기존의 신경망 번역 모델은 입력 문장의 길이가 길수 록 번역 성능이 떨어지는 단점이 있다 [3]. 이러한 단점 을 보완하기 위해 입출력 단어 간의 정렬 정보를 학습하 여 효율적으로 입력 문장을 표현 벡터로 변환하는 주의 집중 네트워크가 제안되었다 [4, 5]. 주의 집중 네트워 크 기반 신경망 번역 모델은 기존의 신경망 번역 모델에 비해 매우 큰 성능 향상을 보였으나 [6], 주의 집중 네 트워크가 잘못 모델링되는 경우 같은 단어를 반복해서 번역하거나 특정 단어나 구, 절을 생략하는 과소 번역 현상 (Over-Under Translation)과 같은 번역 오류가 나 타난다. 본 논문에서는 주의 집중 네트워크 기반 신경망 번역 모델의 구조를 변경하지 않고 주의 집중 네트워크를 정 규화하는 새로운 손실 함수만을 정의하여 과소 번역 현 상을 완화하는 방법을 제안한다.
Identifying regions for conservation of sloth bears through occupancy modelling in north-eastern Karnataka, India

Abstract In the absence of information on species in decline with contracting ranges, management should emphasize remaining populations and protection of their habitats. Threatened by anthropogenic pressure including habitat degradation and loss, sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) in India have become limited in range, habitat, and population size. We identified ecological and anthropogenic determinants of occurrence within an occupancy framework to evaluate habitat suitability of non-protected regions (with sloth bears) in northeastern Karnataka, India. We employed a systematic sampling methodology to yield presence–absence data to examine a priori hypotheses of determinants that affected occupancy. These covariates were broadly classified as habitat or anthropogenic factors. Mean number of termite mounds and trees positively influenced sloth bear occupancy, and grazing pressure expounded by mean number of livestock dung affected it negatively. Also, mean percentage of shrub coverage had no impact on bear inhabitance. The best fitting model further predicted habitats in Bukkasagara, Agoli, and Benakal reserved forests to have 38%, 75%, and 88%, respectively, of their sampled grid cells with high occupancies (>0.70) albeit little or no legal protection. We recommend a conservation strategy that includes protection of vegetation stand-structure, maintenance of soil moisture, and enrichment of habitat for the long-term welfare of this species.
Breeding bird communities of second‐rotation plantations at different stages of the forest cycle

Capsule Early stages of the plantation forest cycle have distinct bird communities and bird density was significantly higher in the second rotation than in the first for a given age class. Aims To characterize the bird communities in Irish second-rotation plantations and to compare them with those of first-rotation plantations. Methods Point counts were used to survey 20 plantation forests in four age classes (Pre-thicket; Thicket; Mid‐rotation; and Mature) in the breeding season of 2007. distance software was used to generate bird densities. Ordination, indicator species analysis, and glm were used to analyse the bird communities. Results Bird communities of Pre‐thicket and, to a lesser extent, Thicket age classes were distinct from those of more mature forests. Bird communities of Mid‐rotation and Mature age classes were indistinguishable from each other and were therefore combined into a single age class (Closed canopy). Pre‐thicket held significantly lower total bird density, but significantly higher migrant bird density, than this Closed canopy age class. Bird density was significantly higher in the second rotation in all age classes except for Pre‐thicket, but migrant density was significantly higher in Pre‐thicket in the second rotation. There was no difference in species richness between the first and second rotation. Conclusions Differences between rotations are probably due to changes in vegetation structure, and the increase in second‐rotation forests in Ireland is likely to be a positive development for bird communities. Especially encouraging is the higher migrant bird density in second‐rotation Pre‐thicket, as some of these species are in decline throughout Europe. However, the largest differences in population density between rotations were exhibited by common species and such species will likely benefit most from future increases in the area of second‐rotation plantation forests.
An Evaluation of Translation Quality by Homograph Disambiguation in Korean-X Neural Machine Translation Systems

Neural machine translation (NMT) has recently achieved the state-of-the-art performance. However, it is reported failing in the word sense disambiguation (WSD) for several popular language pairs. In this paper, we explore the extent to which NMT systems are able to disambiguate the Korean homographs. Homographs, words with different meanings but the same written form, cause the word choice problems for NMT systems. Consistent with the popular language pairs, we discover that NMT systems fail to translate Korean homographs correctly. We provide a Korean word sense disambiguation tool-UTagger to use for improvement of NMT’s translation quality. We conducted translation experiments using Korean-English and Korean-Vietnamese language pairs. The experimental results show that UTagger can signiﬁcantly improve the translation quality of NMT in terms of the BLEU, TER, and DLRATIO evaluation metrics.
Effect of one-time dextran-polyacrylamide polymer matrixes treatment on female reproductive function

Nowadays, the use of nanotechnology to create new highperformance biomedical nanocomposites proves to be one of the most relevant research topics. Due to the structural features and manage ability of the intramolecular structure, branched polymer systems are interesting objects of basic research as well as promising functional materials of the new generation. Such polymer systems are characterized by a more compact structure and, therefore, a higher concentration of functional groups compared to linear analogs of close molecular weight.
A comparison of the avifaunas of seven east African forest islands

Summary The avifaunas of seven east African forest ‘islands’ are considered. The avifaunas of all are now reasonably well known, thus enabling the following conclusions to be made: (1) There is considerable difference between the avifaunas of highland and lowland forest. (2) An area of intermediate rain forest has a very high species diversity due to its suitability for both highland and lowland species. (3) In general, dissimilarity between two forest avifaunas is likely to be greater if the two forest ‘islands’ are geographically distant. (4) Dissimilarity coefficients tend to increase with increasing altitude difference between forest ‘islands’. (5) Areas of highland forest on geologically older mountains have more species. These may have been refuges for forest species, many of which subsequently spread into newer forest areas. (6) The size of a forest ‘island’ appears to have little effect upon its avifauna. (7) Certain forest ‘islands’ are more important for rare endemic species than others. In the light of these comparisons the areas requiring the most active conservation are suggested. Resume Les avifaunes de sept ilots forestiers est-africains sont considerees. Comme ces avifaunes sont assez bien connues, elles permettent de tirer les conclusions suivantes: (I) Il y a une difference considerable entre I'avifaune forestiere de haute et de basse altitude. (2) Une region de foret humide intermediaire possede une diversite specifique tres elevee a cause de sa disponibilite pour les especes de haute et de basse altitude. (3) En general, la dissemblance entre deux avifaunes forestieres est vraisemblablement plus grande si les deux ilots forestiers sont geographiquement distants. (4) Les Coefficients de dissemblance tendent a augmenter avec des differences plus grandes d'altitude entre les ilots forestiers. (5) Des regions de foret d'altitude sur des montagnes geologiquement plus vieilles possedent plus d'especes. Ces lieux peuvent avoir ete des refuges pour les especes forestieres, dont beaucoup se sont dispersees posterieurement dans des zones de forets plus recentes. (6) La taille d'un ilot forestier semble avoir peu d'effet sur son avifaune. (7) Certains ilots forestiers sont plus importants pour de rares especes endemiques que d'autres, A la lumiere de ces comparaisons, les regions requerant la plus active conservation sont citees.
Supplementary Material - Going Deeper with Lean Point Networks

• PartNet [4]: Large collection of CAD models of 17 object categories composed of 251 labeled parts. The dataset provides 17, 119 samples for training, 2, 492 for validation and 4, 895 for evaluation. The dataset provides a benchmark for three different tasks: finegrained semantic segmentation, hierarchical semantic segmentation and instance segmentation. We report on the first task to evaluate our networks on a more challenging segmentation task using the same part Intersection over Union (pIoU) as in ScanNet.
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

In Structured Query Language (SQL), complex queries are difficult to write or understand by a user, because every user is not familiar with SQL. A common user can able to retrieve the information from the query databases using natural language is considered as an important research area. To improve the communication between databases application and naive user, an enhanced application with intelligent interface are needed. A fuzzy system with matching and elimination technique is designed in this research study, where SQL queries are formed from the input given by the user through several steps like noise removal, lexicon normalization and query formation. Then, the system uses the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to extract the keywords from the input query. Finally, matching and elimination techniques are used to find the data, which is related to the input query given by end-user. When compared with the existing SQL techniques, the proposed fuzzy method achieved 91% and 90.5% accuracy, 95% and 93% precision, and 0.10 and 0.12 error rate for both 28 and 50 queries.
Linguacultural Categories of Institutional and Media Communication in English

The article looks into prosodic and communicative differences of political discourse in British and American variants of English. These differences derive from pragmatic and linguacultural features of institutional and media communication. The article also dwells on specific features of British and American communicative style in political public speaking. Certain attention is given to prosodic features of political discourse and their connection with pragmatic and linguacultural peculiarities of political communication. On the basis of the data resulted from the prosodic and content analysis, we came to conclusion that communicative and prosodic style of political discourse often depends on communicative situation and reveals itself in specific melodic patterns, phrasal accents, prosodic marking of communicatively meaningful elements of the utterance.
Photoperiodism in the cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes brassicae

ABSTRACT. Reproductive diapause was induced in A. brassicae by short photo‐period at 15 and 20°C but was almost prevented at 25°C. The critical photoperiod was LD 153/4: 81/4 at 15°C, giving 60% diapause. Photoperiodic sensitivity was confined to the early immature stages. Food plant quality appeared not to influence the induction or prevention of diapause. Chilling facilitated diapause termination. Overwintering females brought into the laboratory as adults or pupae from the field from September to December took longer before laying their first eggs than females collected in January and February.
Using Data Mining Techniques to Analyze the Customers Reaction towards Social Media Advertisements

As social media is in boom, it is becoming very easier for customers to share their views and comments and express their feelings regarding any products which are present in online social media. If these data can be analyzed efficiently different suggestions can be provided to the company regarding to improvise their products sale. It becomes easier for the company to understand the customer’s reaction after seeing the advertisements of the products posted on social media. This research focuses on analyzing the sentiments of customers based on the comments and reviews of products available in Facebook. Sentimental Analysis is performed to analyze the customer comments as positive, negative and neutral and later they are labeled as 0 or 1. After the labeling process, a comparative analysis is performed using different classification algorithms. The classification algorithms used are K Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naïve Bayes Classifier. The classification algorithm with the highest accuracy is identified to predict the sales of online products
On the Importance of Context in Sequential Decision-Making

We experimentally investigate whether framing an individual-choice decision in a market setting results in a different outcome than when the decision is described in a context-free frame. We further explore whether the context effect is triggered by the frame itself or whether a richer descriptive content is required to establish familiarity with the decision-making environment. Understanding what constitutes context is central to formulating practical recommendations aiming to improve the quality of individual decisions. Our results show that framing a sequential search problem as selling houses leads to better decisions than a context-free frame. Manipulating whether or not the framed decision-making scenario includes a description of the house, which would be naturally available in a real estate market, does not impact the length of search or the total earnings.
Community Empowerment in Coastal Community: A Case Study of Social Forestry in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Coastal community has to be empowered because of their low capacities and reliance on mangrove ecosystem. This inquiry tries to reveal the process of empowerment consisted of powerlessness, support, wish, consciousness, confidence and empowered organization. Case study is employed in this research through documentation study, in-depth interviews and direct observations. Findings show that the process cannot fully adopt existing theory. Sometimes, “wish” precedes “support”. Farmer group needs to raise its wishes to reach supports. In other word, the wish is a prerequisite for the support. In addition, economic incentive and the weak enforcement of rules has become the major constraints in the process. Therefore, external interventions must be maintained continuously, and rules must be enforced properly.
General Purpose Opinion Mining System for Social Media Platform using Machine Learning Based Api

With the growth of technology there is lot of data available on the internet. Social media platform like Twitter, FaceBook,Google+,whats app,instagram etc are the platform that allow people to share and express their views, ideas, thoughts and experiences about any topics, post messages across the world. There are mainly two types of textual information available on social media platforms. One is fact and another next one is sentiments or more formally it can also called opinion. The social media is a platform where people gives their opinion regularly. These opinions may contain some factual information. For the analysis of sentiments we required some tools. Mostly text based mining is used for opinion mining. Text mining required lots of different tools and research work. This paper, provides a machine learning techniques for opinion calculation in Twitter.
Managing Fish Hatchery Phosphorus Discharge through Facility Design and Waste Solids Management: A Field Assessment in Nearshore Oneida Lake, New York

Abstract The discharge of phosphorus from fish hatcheries to receiving waters has often been associated with nuisance algal growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus from a newly constructed public fish hatchery (known as the Oneida Fish Culture Station or OFCS) on Cladophora abundance in nearshore areas of Oneida Lake, New York. Our approach was to monitor total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) above and below the OFCS (on Scriba Creek) and at a reference site (Murray Creek) and to index Cladophora abundance at nearshore areas surrounding both streams from late April to early October 1993–1995. The OFCS has a unique particulate disposal system that involves the settling and subsurface leaching of supernatant to minimize phosphorus discharges. The amount of phosphorus entering Scriba Creek annually from the OFCS was estimated to be less than 38 kg. Although concentrations of TP and SRP tended to be higher downstream of the OFCS, these higher levels w.
The Conceptual Framework of Indonesia Raya Incorporated (IRI): Extending Relationship between the Economic Constitution and the Roles and Functions of State Companies

Indonesia Raya Incorporated (IRI) idea is a new and fascinating phenomenon in the perspective of the Indonesian economic system, mainly on the governance of State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) and Regional-owned Enterprises (ROEs). However, there are still few researchers who pay attention to their views on the IRI in corresponds to the Indonesia's economic system and constitution. The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between the economic constitution and the roles and functions of state companies to describe the idea of IRI, and also identify and describe the variables included in the IRI concept. The study was carried out using qualitative methods, designed with narrative strategies and grounded theory, and interpreted by using the constructivism approach. The results of the study revealed that: (1) the idea of IRI was set in economic and social issues related to natural wealth governance and economic resources, which gave hope of fulfilling the mandate of the economic constitution through the role and function of SOEs and ROEs; and (2) the content of the IRI concept variable was the economic constitution, corporate strategy, government policy, company share ownership, and the role and function of the company. The description of these findings was translated theoretically, constructively and holistically, thus broadening the conception of IRI and having implications for the economic, management and business strategy.
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

3734 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number K19990981119/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijitee.K1999. 0981119 Abstract: The performance of Mel scale and Bark scale is evaluated for text-independent speaker identification system. Mel scale and Bark scale are designed according to human auditory system. The filter bank structure is defined using Mel and Bark scales for speech and speaker recognition systems to extract speaker specific speech features. In this work, performance of Mel scale and Bark scale is evaluated for text-independent speaker identification system. It is found that Bark scale centre frequencies are more effective than Mel scale centre frequencies in case of Indian dialect speaker databases. Mel scale is defined as per interpretation of pitch by human ear and Bark scale is based on critical band selectivity at which loudness becomes significantly different. The recognition rate achieved using Bark scale filter bank is 96% for AISSMSIOIT database and 95% for Marathi database.
Hyperparameter Optimization and Regularization on Fashion-MNIST Classification

Nowadays the most exciting technology breakthrough has been the rise of the deep learning. In computer vision Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN or ConvNet) are the default deep learning model used for image classification problems. In these deep network models, feature extraction is figure out by itself and these models tend to perform well with huge amount of samples. Herein we explore the impact of various Hyper-Parameter Optimization (HPO) methods and regularization techniques with deep neural networks on FashionMNIST (F-MNIST) dataset which is proposed by Zalando Research. We have proposed deep ConvNet architectures with Data Augmentation and explore the impact of this by configuring the hyperparameters and regularization methods. As deep learning requires a lots of data, the insufficiency of image samples can be expand through various data augmentation methods like Cropping, Rotation, Flipping, and Shifting. The experimental results show impressive results on this new benchmarking dataset F-MNIST