Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Activity of Mixed Microalgae Polysaccharides from Indonesia as Anti-Malaria in Vitro

Highlight Research One of the content of microalgae that is beneficial for health is polysaccharides Polysaccharides of Indonesian microalgae can be promoted as anti-malarial Polysaccharides from Glagah, Spirulina and East Java microalgae inhibited the growth of plasmodium in vitro and had IC50 values of 3.18 µg/mL, 5. 43µg/mL and 9.87 µg/mL, respectively Abstract Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium that categorized as deadliest diseases in the world. Artemisinin and its derivatives are still recommended drugs for malaria therapy, however, there have been indications that Plasmodium parasites are resistant to this drug. Therefore, a study on polysaccharides from microalgae may be a potential as bioactive compound for anti-malaria. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the mixed microalgae polysaccharides as anti-malarial in vitro. Polysaccharides were extracted from three microalgae Spirulina sp. , mixed microalgae Glagah and mixed microalgae East Java using the alkaline extraction method. The anti-malarial activity test refers to the concentration of polysaccharides used in calculating the IC50 value by probit analysis. The concentration of polysaccharides of the three microalgae used were 0; 0.01; 0.01, 1, 10 and 100 µg/mL. The results showed that the IC50 values of polysaccharides of Glagah, Spirulina sp. and East Java microalgae were 3.18 µg/mL, 5. 43µg/mL, and 9.87 µg/mL, respectively. In Conclusion, polysaccharides of Indonesian mixed microalgae can be promoted as anti-malarial.
Classification of Software Systems attributes based on quality factors using linguistic knowledge and machine learning: A review.

Both the functionality and the non-functionality for what the software system does and does not do within software systems requirements are documented in a Software Requirements Specification (SRS). In requirements engineering, system requirements classify into several categories such as functional, quality and constraint classes. Therefore, we evaluate several machine learning approaches as well as methodologies mentioned in previous literature in terms of automatic requirements extraction, then classification is performed based on methodically reviewing many previous works on software requirements classification to assist software engineers in selecting the best requirement classification technique. The study aims to obtain answers for several questions: “What were machine learning algorithms used for the classification process of the requirements? ”, “How do these algorithms work and how are they evaluated? ”, “What methods were used for extracting features from a text? ”, “What evaluation criteria were used in comparing results? ”, and “Which machine learning techniques and methods provided the highest accuracy? ”.
Hand Extension Robot Orthosis (HERO) Glove: Development and Testing With Stroke Survivors With Severe Hand Impairment

The hand extension robot orthosis (HERO) glove was iteratively designed with occupational therapists and stroke survivors to enable stroke survivors with severe hand impairment to grasp and stabilize everyday objects, while being portable, lightweight, and easy to set up and use. The robot consists of a batting glove with artificial tendons embedded into the glove’s fingers. The tendons are pulled and pushed by a linear actuator to extend and flex the fingers. The robot’s finger extension and grasp assistance are automated using inertial measurement unit signal thresholds. Five stroke survivors (Chedoke McMaster Stroke Assessment – Stage of Hand 1–3) put on the HERO Glove in 1–3 minutes, with assistance. The stroke survivors performed significantly better on the Box and Block Test (2.8 more blocks transferred, ${p}< {0.01}$ ) while wearing the HERO Glove than when not wearing the glove. Four stroke survivors could only transfer blocks while wearing the HERO Glove. The HERO Glove enabled these stroke survivors to more fully extend their index finger (an increase of 97.5°, ${p}< {0.01}$ ) and three of five stroke survivors were better able grasp a water bottle. Therapists and stroke survivors suggested increasing the HERO Glove’s grip force assistance and valued the glove’s portability, lightweight design and potential usefulness in assisting with task-based therapy.
Investigation of the radio wavefront of air showers with LOPES measurements and CoREAS simulations (ARENA 2014)

We investigated the radio wavefront of cosmic-ray air showers with LOPES measurements and CoREAS simulations: the wavefront is of approximately hyperbolic shape and its steepness is sensitive to the shower maximum. For this study we used 316 events with an energy above 0.1 EeV and zenith angles below $45^\circ$ measured by the LOPES experiment. LOPES was a digital radio interferometer consisting of up to 30 antennas on an area of approximately 200 m x 200 m at an altitude of 110 m above sea level. Triggered by KASCADE-Grande, LOPES measured the radio emission between 43 and 74 MHz, and our analysis might strictly hold only for such conditions. Moreover, we used CoREAS simulations made for each event, which show much clearer results than the measurements suffering from high background. A detailed description of our result is available in our recent paper published in JCAP09(2014)025. The present proceeding contains a summary and focuses on some additional aspects, e.g., the asymmetry of the wavefront: According to the CoREAS simulations the wavefront is slightly asymmetric, but on a much weaker level than the lateral distribution of the radio amplitude.
Aminopeptidase N Inhibitors as Pointers for Overcoming Antitumor Treatment Resistance

Aminopeptidase N (APN), also known as CD13 antigen or membrane alanyl aminopeptidase, belongs to the M1 family of the MA clan of zinc metallopeptidases. In cancer cells, the inhibition of aminopeptidases including APN causes the phenomenon termed the amino acid deprivation response (AADR), a stress response characterized by the upregulation of amino acid transporters and synthetic enzymes and activation of stress-related pathways such as nuclear factor kB (NFkB) and other pro-apoptotic regulators, which leads to cancer cell death by apoptosis. Recently, APN inhibition has been shown to augment DR4-induced tumor cell death and thus overcome resistance to cancer treatment with DR4-ligand TRAIL, which is available as a recombinant soluble form dulanermin. This implies that APN inhibitors could serve as potential weapons for overcoming cancer treatment resistance. In this study, a series of basically substituted acetamidophenones and the semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones derived from them were prepared, for which APN inhibitory activity was determined. In addition, a selective anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells expressing APN was demonstrated. Our semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones are the first compounds of these structural types of Schiff bases that were reported to inhibit not only a zinc-dependent aminopeptidase of the M1 family but also a metalloenzyme.
Collagen Matrices Mediate Glioma Cell Migration Induced by an Electrical Signal

Glioma cells produce an increased amount of collagen compared with normal astrocytes. The increasing amount of collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) modulates the matrix structure and the mechanical properties of the microenvironment, thereby regulating tumor cell invasion. Although the regulation of tumor cell invasion mainly relies on cell–ECM interaction, the electrotaxis of tumor cells has attracted great research interest. The growth of glioma cells in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen hydrogel creates a relevant tumor physiological condition for the study of tumor cell invasion. In this study, we tested the migration of human glioma cells, fetal astrocytes, and adult astrocytes in a 3D collagen matrix with different collagen concentrations. We report that all three types of cells demonstrated higher motility in a low concentration of collagen hydrogel (3 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL) than in a high concentration of collagen hydrogel (10 mg/mL). We further show that human glioma cells grown in collagen hydrogels responded to direct current electric field (dcEF) stimulation and migrated to the anodal pole. The tumor cells altered their morphology in the gels to adapt to the anodal migration. The directedness of anodal migration shows a field strength-dependent response. EF stimulation increased the migration speed of tumor cells. This study implicates the potential role of an dcEF in glioma invasion and as a target of treatment.
Multiyear La Niña effects on the precipitation in South America

The effect of multiyear La Niña (LN) events on precipitation in South America (SA) was assessed considering 10 persistent LN events over two successive years, referred to as Y1 and Y2 for the 1901–2012 period. Y1 spans from the austral winter of the first year to autumn of the second year, and Y2 spans from the austral winter of the second year to autumn of the third year. Comparisons were performed season by season of the Y1 and Y2. Composites revealed that the teleconnections related to a multiyear LN event during its Y1 and Y2 years, responsible for distinct seasonal precipitation anomaly patterns in SA, were associated with different tropical ocean conditions. In spring, the negative sea surface temperature (SST) dipole in the Indian Ocean during the Y2 was not observed during Y1. Different LN‐related SST anomaly patterns in the tropical Atlantic between Y1 and Y2 occurred in the other seasons. Over northern/northeastern SA, the positive precipitation anomalies became weaker (stronger) during austral summer and autumn (winter and spring) of the Y2 than Y1 and were associated with changes in the Walker cells. During austral spring and summer, southeastern presented drier conditions during the Y2 than Y1. In the spring of Y2, two Rossby wave trains, one associated with the LN‐related anomalous cooling in the equatorial Pacific and another triggered by the upper‐level anticyclone in the tropical Indian Ocean, characterized the circulation pattern over SA which explains the difference in precipitation anomalies between the Y2 and Y1. These drier (wetter) conditions during austral spring and summer (winter and spring), particularly over southern and southeastern Brazil (Colombia) in the Y2, might have more severe effects on the regional hydrological cycle than those in the Y1. The results here indicate that accurate prediction of LN duration is crucial in a climate‐monitoring context.
Environmental Factors in Spawning of Wild Devils Hole Pupfish Cyprinodon diabolis (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae)

The sole wild population of the endangered Devils Hole Pupfish, Cyprinodon diabolis, has declined to fewer than 40 individuals twice since 2006, prompting increased recovery efforts. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Devils Hole Pupfish recovery plan stipulates two reproducing captive populations, though, historically, propagation efforts have yielded little success. To address information deficits in reproductive behavior and ecology, from February–December 2010 we investigated environmental factors associated with spawning activity of C. diabolis in Devils Hole, Nevada, USA. An underwater camera continuously monitored a portion of a shallow, submerged rock shelf used for spawning. Select biotic, abiotic, and physico-chemical parameters were monitored continuously throughout the year. Water level and precipitation data provided by the U.S. National Park Service identified disturbances from earthquake-induced seiches and storm-induced flash floods. Zero-inflated Poisson regression provided a model with 28% predictive power with algal cover, light energy, and seiches as the three strongest predictors among tested factors in spawning behavior of C. diabolis in the wild.
Comparison of Probability Distributions

OFTEN, more than one probability distribution is theoretically feasible when considering statistical models for an experiment. The problem of determination of the more plausible distribution using likelihood procedures (see, for example, Sprott and Kalbfleisch, 1969) will be discussed for the simple case where all observations are made under the same response conditions. (Lindsey, 1974, will consider this problem when independent variables are present.) To do this using likelihood inference, a base statistical model must be introduced with which all other distributions under consideration may be compared. The derivation which follows yields the multinomial model as the base model. Several approaches have been suggested in the literature to the problem of determining which of a number of possible models best describes a set of data. Cox (1961, 1962) develops asymptotic Neyman-Pearson likelihood ratio tests and suggests an alternative approach involving a combination, either additive or multiplicative, of the density functions, with estimation of additional parameters. This approach is further developed by Atkinson (1970). When prior probabilities, both for each model and for the parameters within the models, are available, Lindley (1961, p. 456) gives a posterior odds ratio of the two models using Bayes's theorem. When applicable (i.e. when prior probabilities are available), this approach may be used with the methods developed below.
High-Voltage FDS of Thermally Aged XLPE Cable and Its Correlation with Physicochemical Properties

This paper aims to investigate the influence of thermal aging on a crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable, and the relationships between the macroscopical high-voltage dielectric and the microscopical physicochemical properties are also elucidated. To better simulate thermal aging under working condition, the medium-voltage-level cable is subjected to accelerated inner thermal aging for different aging times. Then, high-voltage frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) (cable sample) and analyses of microscopic physical and chemical properties (sampling from the cable), including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elongation at the break (EAB), are conducted at different cable aging stages. The dielectric test results show that after a certain aging time, the high-voltage FDS curves of the cable have layered characteristics, and this phenomenon is more obvious as the aging degree increases. Moreover, the slope and the integral of the high-voltage FDS curves rise with aging time. The mechanism is deduced by the physicochemical results that thermo-oxidative aging results in increasing polar groups and dislocation defects in the crystal region, which leads to the above phenomenon. On the one hand, the appearance of polar groups increases the density of the dipole. On the other hand, the destruction of the crystal region increases the probability and amplitude of dipole reversal. In addition, the breaking of molecular bonds and the increase in the amorphous phase also reduce the rigidity of the XLPE molecular main chain. The above factors lead to obvious delamination and larger dielectric parameters of the thermally aged cable. Finally, according to the experimental results, an on-site diagnosis method of cable insulation thermal aging based on high-voltage FDS is discussed.
Investigation on switching kinetics in epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 ferroelectric thin films: Role of the 90° domain walls

Ferroelectric switching behavior of single-crystal-like epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin films with different densities of 90° domain walls was investigated under various applied fields. It was found that the saturated switchable polarization of about 170μC∕cm2 did not vary with applied field in the films with low density or no 90° domain walls and obeys Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibashi theory. The presence of the 90° domain walls inhibits the motion of 180° domain walls, contributing to the change of the switching kinetics to nucleation-limited-switching model.
A Quantum Mechanical Proof of Insecurity of the Theoretical QKD Protocols

Cryptography is crucial to communication security. In 1984, a well-known QKD (quantum key distribution) protocol, BB84, was published by Bennett and Brassard. The BB84 Protocol was followed by the QKD protocols published by Ekert (1991) (E91) and Bennett (1992) (B92). Some authors proved security of the theoretical QKD protocols in different theoretical frameworks by defining security of QKD protocols differently. My argument is that the previous proofs of security are neither unique nor exhaustive for each theoretical QKD protocol, which means that proof of security of the theoretical QKD protocols has not been completed or achieved. The non-uniqueness and the non-exhaustiveness of the proofs will lead to more proofs. However, a coming “proof” of security of the theoretical QKD protocols is possible to be a disproof. The research by quantum mechanics in this paper disproves security of the theoretical QKD protocols, by establishing the theoretical framework of quantum mechanical proof, defining security of QKD protocols, establishing the quantum state of the final key of the theoretical protocols from their information leakages, and applying Grover’s fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search to the quantum state of the final key to result in the Insecurity Theorem. This result is opposite to those of the previous proofs where the theoretical QKD protocols were secure. It is impossible for Alice and Bob to protect their communications from information leakage by stopping or canceling the protocols. The theoretical QKD keys are conventional and basically insecure. Disproof of security of the theoretical QKD protocols is logical.
A Fully Integrated, Power-Efficient, 0.07–2.08 mA, High-Voltage Neural Stimulator in a Standard CMOS Process

This paper presents a fully integrated high-voltage (HV) neural stimulator with on-chip HV generation. It consists of a neural stimulator front-end that delivers stimulation currents up to 2.08 mA with 5 bits resolution and a switched-capacitor DC-DC converter that generates a programmable voltage supply from 4.2 V to 13.2 V with 4 bits resolution. The solution was designed and fabricated in a standard 180 nm 1.8 V/3.3 V CMOS process and occupied an active area of 2.34 mm2. Circuit-level and block-level techniques, such as a proposed high-compliance voltage cell, have been used for implementing HV circuits in a low-voltage CMOS process. Experimental validation with an electrical model of the electrode–tissue interface showed that (1) the neural stimulator can handle voltage supplies up to 4 times higher than the technology’s nominal supply, (2) residual charge—without passive discharging phase—was below 0.12% for the whole range of stimulation currents, (3) a stimulation current of 2 mA can be delivered with a voltage drop of 0.9 V, and (4) an overall power efficiency of 48% was obtained at maximum stimulation current.
Generating Self-Shaped 2D Aluminum Oxide Nanopowders

The thermal-assisted exfoliation phenomena of boehmite particles under moderate heating rates were examined. The exfoliation that generated flakes of 5–6 nm in thickness can be achieved because of the perfect cleavage on the boehmite particles that are stripped when thermal treatments bring about dehydration and γ-Al2O3 formation in sequential phase transformation of boehmite. Examinations of the exfoliation effects were carried out on calcined boehmite single crystal particles, which were about 500 nm in diameter, and obtained at three heating rates 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 °C/min with the heating schedules. The TEM techniques, BET-N2 measurements, XRD-Scherrer equation, and AFM images were employed in the examination. That the BET values increased as increasing of exfoliated flakes reflected two stages of exfoliation. In the beginning stage, during which the BET values were <40 m2/g, the exfoliation resulted from the stress produced by dehydration. In the second stage, the increased rate of surface area was due to the additional force, which originated from the γ-Al2O3 formation. Exfoliation occurred on the cleavage planes {010}, the side pinacoid of the boehmite particle. The generation of flakes resulted in the thinning of boehmite particles. Some of the flakes preserved the external form of boehmite crystals. From the surface energy evaluations of boehmite and γ-Al2O3, it can be inferred that exfoliation is a natural way of thermal treatment.
A Combined Rheological and Thermomechanical Analysis Approach for the Assessment of Pharmaceutical Polymer Blends

The viscoelastic nature of polymeric formulations utilised in drug products imparts unique thermomechanical attributes during manufacturing and over the shelf life of the product. Nevertheless, it adds to the challenge of understanding the precise mechanistic behaviour of the product at the microscopic and macroscopic level during each step of the process. Current thermomechanical and rheological characterisation techniques are limited to assessing polymer performance to a single phase and are especially hindered when the polymers are undergoing thermomechanical transitions. Since pharmaceutical processing can occur at these transition conditions, this study successfully proposes a thermomechanical characterisation approach combining both mechanical and rheological data to construct a comprehensive profiling of polymeric materials spanning both glassy and rubbery phases. This approach has been used in this study to assess the mechanical and rheological behaviour of heterogenous polymer blends of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) over a shearing rate range of 0.1–100 s−1 and a temperature range of 30–200 °C. The results indicate that HPC and HPMC do not appear to interact when mixing and that their mixture exhibits the mechanistic properties of the two individual polymers in accordance with their ratio in the mixture. The ability to characterise the behaviour of the polymers and their mixtures before, throughout, and after the glassy to rubbery phase transition by application of the combined techniques provides a unique insight towards a quality-by-design approach to this and other polymer-based solid dosage forms, designed with the potential to accelerate their formulation process through obviating the need for multiple formulation trials.
Effect of Site and Phenological Status on the Potato Bacterial Rhizomicrobiota

The potato is the fourth major food crop in the world. Its cultivation can encounter problems, resulting in poor growth and reduced yield. Plant microbiota has shown an ability to increase growth and resistance. However, in the development of effective microbiota manipulation strategies, it is essential to know the effect of environmental variables on microbiota composition and function. Here, we aimed to identify the differential impact of the site of cultivation and plant growth stage on potato rhizosphere microbiota. We performed a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis of rhizospheric soil collected from potato plants grown at four sites in central Italy during two phenological stages. Rhizomicrobiota was mainly composed of members of phyla Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria and was affected by both the site of cultivation and the plant stages. However, cultivation sites overcome the effect of plant phenological stages. The PiCRUST analysis suggested a high abundance of functions related to the biosynthesis of the siderophore enterobactin. The presence of site-specific taxa and functional profiling of the microbiota could be further exploited in long-term studies to evaluate the possibility of developing biomarkers for traceability of the products and to exploit plant growth-promoting abilities in the native potato microbiota.