Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Elvitegravir Nanoformulation for Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier to Suppress HIV-1 in Macrophages and Microglia

Over the last two decades, the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has remarkably decreased the morbidity associated with HIV-1 infection. However, the prevalence of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is still increasing. The appearance and persistence of HAND are partially due to the entry of HIV-1-infected monocytes into the brain. Within the central nervous system (CNS), HIV-1-infected macrophages and microglia serve as the major viral reservoirs and provide active viral replication even when systemic viral suppression has been achieved by ART. Efficient viral suppression of CNS macrophages and microglia is important for an effective HIV-1 treatment in the brain. The primary hindrance to the treatment of HAND is mainly contributed by the inability of antiretrovirals (ARVs) to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after the systemic administration. Conventional regimens of ARVs are not sufficient to penetrate the BBB or improve outcomes in HAND. Thus, there is a need for novel treatment regimens that cross the BBB and deliver therapeutic ARVs into the CNS to suppress the HIV-1 replication in these viral reservoirs. Our objective in this study was to improve the efficacy of ART in CNS HIV-1 reservoirs, specifically in macrophages and microglia. Our central hypothesis was that the selected ARV, elvitegravir (EVG), in nanoformulation would have increased transmigration across the BBB, as well as increased drug uptake in macrophages and microglia after crossing the BBB, leading to increased antiviral activity in macrophages and microglia, relative to the native drug. This study was expected to provide an optimized treatment strategy that has potential for therapeutic interventions in reducing HAND.In this study, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based elvitegravir nanoparticles (PLGA-EVG NPs) were prepared by nano-precipitation. Firstly, we analyzed the physicochemical properties of PLGA-EVG NPs using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We measured cellular uptake of PLGA NPs by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. We also measured the intracellular drug concentration and viral replication in HIV-1-infected macrophages by using LC-MS/MS and p24 ELISA, respectively. The PLGA-E
3D brain angiogenesis model to reconstitute maturation of functional human blood-brain barrier in vitro

Human central nervous system (CNS) vasculature in brain expresses a distinctive barrier phenotype, the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which protects the brain against harmful pathogens. Since the BBB contributes to low success rate in CNS pharmacotherapy by restricting drug transportation, the development of an in vitro human BBB model has been in demand. Previous models were unable to fully represent the complex threedimensional (3D) anatomical structure or specific barrier phenotypes of the matured BBB. In this study, we present a physiological 3D microfluidic model of the human BBB that mimics its developmental process including CNS angiogenesis and subsequent maturation in concert with perivascular cells. We used microfluidic hydrogel patterning to precisely and sequentially load perivascular cells into the model, investigate the role of each cell type on BBB phenotypes. We confirmed the necessity of the tri-culture system (brain endothelium with pericytes and astrocytes) to attain the characteristic BBB vascular morphology such as minimized diameter and maximized junction expression. In addition, endothelial-perivascular cell interaction was also critical in reconstituting p-glycoprotein (p-gp), efflux transporter in our model that works as metabolic barrier of BBB and blocks drug to enter CNS. The 3D hydrogel matrix was tuned with hyaluronic acid (HA) to optimize the interaction between endothelial cells and astrocytes. Our in vitro BBB system mimics CNS angiogenesis and characteristic features of BBB. We expect the model will contribute to deeper understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and cost-efficient development of effective CNS medications.
The use of humic acid urea fertilizer for increasing yield and utilization of nitrogen in sweet potato

Chen X.G. , Kou M. , Tang Z.H. , Zhang A.J., Li H.M. (2017): The use of humic acid urea fertilizer for increasing yield and utilization of nitrogen in sweet potato. Plant Soil Environ. , 63: 201–206. Humic acid urea fertilizer (HA-N) is a new type of slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer that can enhance utilization rate of urea, and consequently increases crop yield. However, there were few researches about the effect of HA-N on the nitrogen absorption and utilization in sweet potato production. Hence, the effect of HA-N on nitrogen accumulation and distribution, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and yield of sweet potato was studied in the field using the 15N tracer technique. Results showed that HA-N significantly increased the number of storage roots per plant and the average fresh weight per storage root, as well as the yield increased by 29.6% compared with urea fertilizer. Furthermore, nitrogen accumulation of total plant was higher under the HA-N. In addition, HA-N significantly increased nitrogen production efficiency of fertilizer and nitrogen production efficiency. Results of a 15N tracer experiment revealed that the percentage of nitrogen absorbed by plant from fertilizer increased from 31.1% to 38.7% and NUE increased from 33.5% to 44.8% with application of HA-N when compared with single N treatment, respectively. HA-N significantly increased sweet potato storage root yield, nitrogen absorption and NUE, as well as it reduced the loss of nitrogen fertilizer.
Valvular endocarditis associated with Helcococcus ovis in a cow in Southern Brazil

EnglishA 4-year-old cow with a history of breathing difficulty, progressive weight loss, and muffled heart sound was treated for a period of two weeks, but died and underwent necropsy examination. Macroscopic examination revealed heart with vegetative proliferative lesion firmly adhered to pulmonary valve, lungs with marked consolidation, and the presence of thrombus in vessels. There were grade II ulcers in abomasal mucosa associated to blood clots. Microscopic examination revealed marked thickening of the pulmonary valve due to the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue, inflammatory neutrophil infiltration, fibrin deposition, and a significant number of coccoid basophilic bacteria. Septic thromboemboli were present in the large and small pulmonary blood vessels suggestive of embolic pneumonia. The bacterial culture of the valve showed growth of small, nonhemolytic colonies that demonstrated satellitism to coagulase-negative staphylococci contaminating colonies, which were subjected to 16S gene sequencing and were compatible with Helcococcus ovis in GenBank. This was the first report of H. ovis endocarditis in cattle in South America portuguesUm bovino, femea, 4 anos com historico de dificuldade respiratoria, perda de peso progressiva e som cardiaco abafado, foi tratado por um periodo de duas semanas, porem veio a obito e foi submetido a exame de necropsia. No exame macroscopico, notou-se coracao com lesao proliferativa vegetativa firmemente aderida em valva pulmonar, pulmoes com consolidacao acentuada, e presenca de trombos no interior de vasos. Havia ainda ulcera abomasal grau II em mucosa associada a coagulo sanguineo. No exame microscopico notou-se acentuado espessamento da valva pulmonar por proliferacao de tecido conjuntivo fibroso, infiltrado inflamatorio de neutrofilos, deposicao de fibrina e acentuado numero de miriades bacterianas basofilicas cocoides. Tromboembolia septica foi vista no interior de vasos pulmonares de pequeno e medio calibre, sugestivo de pneumonia embolica. Em cultivo bacteriano da valva notou-se crescimento de colonias pequenas, nao hemoliticas que demonstravam satelitismo a colonias contaminantes de estafilococos coagulase negativa, essas foram submetidas ao sequenciamento do gene 16S e foram compativeis com Helcococcus ovis no GenBank. Este foi o primeiro relato de endocardite por H. ovis em bovino na America do Sul
A checklist of the benthic and epiphytic marine dinoflagellates of New Zealand, including Rangitāhua/Kermadec Islands

ABSTRACT New Zealand benthic and epiphytic dinoflagellate records increased in recent years as harmful algal bloom research increased. This was largely due to risk assessments of micro-algal biotoxins for the seafood industry and concerns regarding ciguatera fish poisoning in humans from toxic finfish. High-throughput sequencing enabled the detection of dinoflagellate species that were previously overlooked by microscopy, particularly where diatoms or sediments obscured visual identification. This checklist includes new species records for New Zealand and species usually considered planktonic, but which have benthic life stages. Thirty-one dinoflagellate genera were recorded from isolations and descriptions of living cells: Alexandrium, Amphidinium, Archaeperidinium, Azadinium, Biecheleria, Blastodinium, Bysmatrum, Coolia, Crypthecodinium, Cryptoperidiniopsis, Durinskia, Ensiculifera, Fukuyoa, Gambierdiscus, Gymnodinium, Gyrodinium, Heterocapsa, Karenia, Kryptoperidinium, Ostreopsis, Pelagodinium, Pentapharsodinium, Pfiesteria, Polarella, Prorocentrum, Protodinium, Protoperidinium, Pseudopfiesteria, Scrippsiella, Togula and Vulcanodinium. A further nine genera were detected by high-throughput sequencing: Cachonina, Dinophysis, Fragilidium, Gonyaulax, Karlodinium, Lepidodinium, Protodinium, Symbiodinium and Woloszynskia.
DEMAND FOR LABOR ANALYSIS: A STUDY OF THE RORE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON EMPLOYMENT IN INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to find out and to analyze: (a) How the influence of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on employment in Indonesia during the period of 2010 to 2019, (b) Which type of investment was dominantly affecting labor absorption in Indonesia during the period of 2010 - 2019, (c) How is the responsiveness of labor demand to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Domestic Direct Investment (DDI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), interest rates, and nominal exchange rates, and (d) How is the stability of labor demand function during the period of 2010-2019. By using the time series data test, the study concluded that: (a) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) had a significant positive effect on labor demand, (b) it turned out that FDI was more dominant in its influence on labor demand compared to DDI, (c) Demand for labor was more responsive (elastic) to FDI, GDP and nominal exchange rates, but less responsive (inelastic) to DDI and interest rates, and (d) The function of labor demand turns out that during the period of 2010 to 2019 was stable. This means that labor demand in the long run is relatively consistent.
Twinning, a promising dynamic process to strengthen the agency of midwives

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Screening and Characterization of Sponge-Associated Bacteria Producing Bioactive Compounds Anti-Vibrio sp.

In Indonesia, vibriosis is the main disease in shrimp. This disease is caused by Vibrio sp that may decrease the productivity of shrimp cultivation. Thus, exploration for new bioactive compounds as vibriosis biocontrol agent is necessary. Marine sponge-associated bacteria is one of many sources for bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to screen marine sponge-associated bacteria producing anti-Vibrio sp’s bioactive compounds. Total 12 bacterial isolates (15%) of 80 isolates was isolated from marine sponges Hyrtios sp, Verongula sp. and Smenospongia sp. had anti-Vibrio sp activity in different spectra. The hemolytic assay showed that these 12 bacteria were not pathogen. Interestingly, 3 out of 4 potential isolates with the best anti-Vibrio activity have been confirmed to have genes involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds, mainly Polyketide Synthase (PKS) and Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase (NRPS) based on the occurrence of Ketosynthase (KS) and Adenilase (A) domain, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene, those four isolates were highly homolog to the Bacillus sp in different species and strains. Isolate coded as P2.24 was the only bacterium that had the widest spectrum of anti-Vibrio bioactive compounds against three Vibrio sp used i.e., Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus. Consistently, an anti- Vibrio sp. activity of the P2.24 was also shown by antagonism assay using culture, supernatant and crude extract of the isolate. Our study indicates this bacterial isolate potentially to be further exploited for controlling vibriosis biologically and important for elucidation of bioactive compounds synthesized by this bacterium.
A Gray Whale in Magdalenian Perigord. Species identification of a bone projectile point from La Madeleine (Dordogne, France) using collagen fingerprinting

The Cetacean bone artifact described in this paper is the result of excavations carried out in La Madeleine (Tursac, Dordogne) under the direction of D. Peyrony, between 1910-1913. It was discovered in the middle layer (“couche moyenne”) of the stratigraphy described by Capitan and Peyrony and subsequently attributed to the “Magdalenian V” by H. Breuil (i.e the beginning of the Upper Magdalenian). This layer corresponds to layers C25 to C20 of the stratigraphy established later by J.-M. Bouvier. Two radiocarbon dates are currently available (C21: 12750 ± 240 BP, Ly 920; and C25: 13070 ± 190 BP, Ly 921). The artifact was recently identified as Cetacean bone during an integrated study of the bones and reindeer antlers kept at the Musee National de Prehistoire (Peyrony and Bouvier collections). It is a fully worked object, elongated in shape (129 X 13.2 X 12.8 mm; 18.6 g) with straight outline and profile, a circular cross-section and parallel sides. It is interpreted as a mesio-proximal fragment of projectile point. Collagen peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) was applied to taxonomically identify the bone artefact, as a part of the PaleoCet project. Also known as ZooMS, collagen PMF discriminates taxonomic groups based on differences in the collagen protein sequence observed through Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The bone subsamples from the exterior and interior of the artifact produced similar MALDI-TOF spectra, both of which could be confidently identified as gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). The artifact from La Madeleine is the first evidence of the presence of this species in Atlantic waters at the end of MIS2, suggesting continuity between the Pleistocene and Holocene populations of this species. Moreover, to our knowledge, this gray whale bone artifact represents the oldest identified gray whale in an archaeological context, thus first witness of the millennia-old interactions between humans and this highly coastal whale species. The manufacturing of the La Madeleine artifact on the Basque coast, followed by its circulation through the western Pyrenees and then towards the north at the east of Landes and Gironde up to Perigord (a travel distance of roughly 350 km), might be the most plausible route taken by this artifact to reach La Madeleine.
Mitochondrial genome sequencing of notorious scuticociliates (Pseudocohnilembus persalinus) isolated from Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Abstract Previously, a pathogenic ciliate was isolated from the surface ulcer of a diseased Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) at an aquaculture farm in North China. After morphological and molecular biological identification based on 18rRNA, the ciliated was identified as the notorious scuticociliates (Pseudocohnilembus persalinus). In this study, the whole sequence of the mitochondrial genomic gene of P. persalinus was carried out. The sequencing results showed that the complete sequence of P. persalinus mitogenome was 38,375 bp. There were 2 rRNAs, 4 tRNAs, and 34 protein-coding genes (PCGs), respectively, located on both the heavy strand and the light stand. 15 PCGs were on the heavy strand, and 19 PCGs on the light strand. Besides, phylogenetic trees among 11 ciliates were constructed based on the sequences of 17 PCGs located in mitogenome using BI methods. The results of clustering showed that P. persalinus and Uronema marinum was the first cluster belonging to the order Scuticociliatida. Our research results will further provide primary data for evolution and classified study of scuticociliates.
A transition-based neural framework for Chinese nested entity and relation recognition

Entity and relation extraction for Chinese texts are typical performed in a pipelined fashion in the sense that by ﬁrst segmenting sequence into words then recognizing entities and relations subsequently. However, this process often leads to the problem of error propagation and prevents cross-task information integration. To address this issue, we propose a novel transition-based model that performs nested entity recognition and relation extraction jointly without the need of word segmentation beforehand, which is achieved by leveraging the recent advance in using a lattice structure for Chinese sentence encodings. On standard ACE benchmarks, our model gives the best results in the literature. Further analyses show the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in capturing structural outputs.
Quality of life in heart failure patients undergoing hybrid comprehensive telerehabilitation versus usual care – results of the Telerehabilitation in Heart Failure Patients (TELEREH-HF) Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction Hybrid comprehensive telerehabilitation (HCTR) consisting of telecare (with psychological telesupport), telerehabilitation and remote monitoring of implantable devices might be an innovative option improving heart failure (HF) patients’ quality of life (QoL) and emotional health. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of HCTR on various facets of QoL in HF patients in comparison with usual care (UC) alone. Material and methods The present analysis formed part of a multicenter, randomized trial that enrolled 850 HF patients (NYHA I–III, LVEF ≤ 40%). Patients were randomized 1 : 1 to HCTR plus UC or UC only. Patients underwent either an HCTR program or UC with observation. The psychological intervention in the HCTR group included supportive psychological counseling via mobile phone. The Medical Outcome Survey Short Form 36 Questionnaire was used to assess QoL. Measurements were made before and after a 9-week intervention (HCTR group)/observation (UC group). Results After the intervention, the HCTR group showed significant improvement in overall QoL, physical domain (PD) of QoL, and 4 areas of QoL (physical functioning (PhF), role functioning related to physical state (RF), general health (GH), vitality (VI)). A significant positive change in QoL in the UC group was observed only in VI and social functioning. There were also significant differences in QoL after 9-week intervention/observation between the two groups. The results showed greater improvement in HCTR for overall QoL (p = 0.009), PD of QoL (p = 0.0003) and three specific areas of QoL: PhF (p = 0.001), RF (p = 0.003), bodily pain (BP) (p = 0.015). Conclusions In comparison to UC, HCTR resulted in improvement in overall QoL, PD of QoL and 3 specific areas of QoL: PhF, RF and BP.
Cloning and expression analysis of PtHDT903, a HD2-type histone deacetylase gene in Populus trichocarpa

Abstract Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyse the deacetylation of core histones and non-histone proteins. Histone deacetylases work in concert with histone acetyltransferases to modify the structure and function of chromatins, and regulate gene transcription. Histone deacetylases are critical enzymes involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, such as plant growth and development, stress responses and gene silencing. Plant HDACs are a supergene family and can be divided into three families, namely RPD3/HDA1, HD2 and SIR2. HD2 specifically occur in plants, not in fungi and animals. In this study, an HD2-type HDAC gene, PtHDT903, was cloned from Populus trichocarpa. Its amino acid sequence, subcellular localization and expression patterns under abiotic stresses were analysed. The results showed that PtHDT903 encodes a hydrophilic and acidic protein consisting of 305 amino acids. The predicted PtHDT903 protein has the conserved domains which found in the other HD2-type HDACs. The PtHDT903 protein was localized in the nucleus. The expression of the PtHDT903 gene was down-regulated by salt stress, whereas it was up-regulated by cold. The results provide valuable information for the further functional study of PtHDT903.
Long-term trends in habitat use and site fidelity by Australian humpback dolphins Sousa sahulensis in a near-urban embayment

Spatially-referenced sightings of humpback dolphins were sourced from scientific publications, reports, PhD theses and Queensland Government datasets for the period from January 1977 to December 2016. Over this 40-year time period, four major systematic vesselbased surveys of dolphins have been undertaken in Moreton Bay. The first was the study by Corkeron (1989) from 1984 to 1987; the second was by Hale et al. (1998) in 1996, the third was by Ansmann (2013) from 2008 to 2010 and the fourth from 2014 to 2016 as described herein. Locations of humpback dolphin groups in Moreton Bay have also been recorded in two aerial surveys, the first in 1977 (Lear & Bryden 1980) and the second in 1995 (Lanyon & Morrice 1997). Locations of humpback dolphins from the Corkeron (1989) study were taken from WildNet (the Queensland Government wildlife database); locations from the Hale (1998), Lear and Bryden (1980) and Lanyon and Morrice (1997) were taken from published maps that were scanned, orthorectified and digitised. The vessel surveys of Ansmann (2013) are described in detail in Ansmann et al. (2013).
Chemical Properties, Rheological Behavior, and Melissopalynological Analysis of Selected Brazilian Honeys from Hovenia dulcis Flowering

Monofloral honeys are high-added-value food, a reason for constant cases of fraud. This study investigated Brazilian monofloral honeys from Hovenia dulcis flowering produced by Apis mellifera and Tetragonisca angustula bees. Chemical, physicochemical, rheological, and melissopalynological analysis were assessed. Properties such as moisture, pH, ashes, total acidity, total available carbohydrate, and soluble sugars of all analyzed honey samples agreed with the established by the legislation. All the honey samples were satisfactorily fitted by both Ostwald-de Waele and Casson rheological models revealing homogenous products, mostly presenting pseudoplastic character. The melissopalynology confirmed the presence of H. dulcis pollen in the MH samples; however, some honeys did not show >45% pollen of H. dulcis, thus revealing mislabeling cases. Continuous evaluation of honey is necessary, once this is a valuable food frequently involved in frauds, hence causing problems to consumers.