Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Participation and Activity Level in an Online Community on Academic Elective Intents for STEM

Online Communities allow individuals to interact, get to know and exchange with similar others. Especially when there are no offline-groups available, online communities can be useful for locating others who share specialized interests. For girls, who are interested in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), an online community could be an option to meet other girls and women who are interested in STEM. That way girls (1) meet role models and similar others and (2) can identify with the social group of STEM-girls. However, belonging to an online community might not be enough. Research has shown that active involvement is important in order to incorporate the social identity of the group into one’s own identity and to benefit from being a group member. To test this assumption, we conducted a study with female high school students who were members of an online community for girls interested in STEM (training group, N = 231) or who were interested and applied to become a member of the community but had to wait another year (control group, N = 186). We found that the more actively members participated within the online community, the more they identified with the group. We further found that for members, who identified strongly with the group, the academic elective intents for STEM increased significantly over the study period of ten months whereas the academic elective intents for STEM decreased for members who identified less with the group as well as for members of the control group.
High wage workers and low wage firms : negative assortative matching or statistical artefact ? a

In the empirical literature on the estimation of rm and worker heterogeneity using linked employer-employee data, unobserved worker quality appears to be negatively correlated with unobserved rm quality. We investigate the possibility that this is simply caused by standard estimation error and develop formulae that show that the estimated correlation is biased downwards if there is true positive assortative matching and when any conditioning covariates are uncorrelated with the rm and worker xed-e ects. This result applies to any two-way (or higher) error-components model estimated by xed-e ects methods. We apply these bias corrections to a large German linked employer-employee dataset. We nd that although the biases can be considerable, they are not su ciently large to remove the negative correlation entirely. Zusammenfassung: Auf der Basis von zusammengefügten Betriebsund Personendaten ndet sich in der empirischen Literatur eine negative Korrelation zwischen den unbeobachteten Eigenschaften von Beschäftigten und denen von Betrieben. Wir zeigen formal, dass die geschätzte Korrelation nach unten verzerrt ist, sofern ein positives Matching existiert und sofern die übrigen Kovariate mit den Betriebsund Beschäftigten Fixed E ects unkorreliert sind. Dieses Ergebnis kann allgemein auf jedes mehrdimensionale Fixed E ects Modell übertragen werden. Für kombinierte Firmen-Beschäftigtendaten aus Deutschland nden wir eine beträchtliche Verzerrung in der geschätzten Korrelation. Diese ist jedoch nicht groÿ genug, um die ermittelte negative Korrelation vollständig erklären zu können.
The Impact of Marginal Business Taxes on State Manufacturing

type="main"> We estimate the impact of manufacturer business taxes on value added during the 1990s for 15 manufacturing sectors in 20 U.S. states. When the tax climate is properly measured as the potential liability arising from new investment in a state, we estimate that a 10 percent reduction in the effective tax liability is associated with a 3.5 to 5.3 percent increase in value added for the state's targeted manufacturing industry. When we isolate the value of industrial incentives from the basic tax system in our theoretically preferred marginal tax measure, we find that a 10 percent reduction in liability achieved by way of lowering taxes is associated with a 4.5 percent increase in value added while an equivalent reduction achieved by way of increasing incentives is associated with only 1.2 percent industrial growth, the latter elasticity not statistically different from zero.
Negative band gap bowing in epitaxial InAs/GaAs alloys and predicted band offsets of the strained binaries and alloys on various substrates

We use pseudopotential theory to provide (1) the band offsets of strained GaAs and InAs on various substrates and (2) the energies Ev(x) and Ec(x) of the valence and conduction bands of InxGa1−xAs alloy, as a function of composition. Results are presented for both the bulk alloy and for the alloy strained on InP or GaAs. We predict that while Ec(x) bows downward for relaxed bulk alloys, it bows upward for strained epitaxial alloys. The calculated alloy offsets are used to discuss electron and hole localization in this system.
Tracking separating targets with a monopulse radar: idealized resolution

The tracking of separating objects with a monopulse radar is a particularly challenging problem in that the presence of merged measurements result in significant delays in the initiation of tracks on the new objects. Furthermore, the unknown inflation in the variance and the bias of the angle-of-arrival estimates result in extra tracks and hinders track continuity. This paper presents an algorithm for tracking separating objects with a monopulse radar. The algorithm combines a Neyman-Pearson hypothesis test for detecting merged measurements, a method of parsing merged measurements into two angle-of-arrival estimates, and a track initiation procedure that takes advantage of the parsed measurements. The new algorithm was implemented in a sophisticated computer simulation environment to evaluate the performance improvements provided by the new algorithm. The output of the simulation environment is used to illustrate the challenges associated with tracking separating objects with a monopulse radar.
Cost-efficient sampling of fish assemblages: comparison of baited video stations and diver video transects

Baited remote underwater stereo-video (stereo-BRUV) stations and diver operated stereo-video (stereo-DOV) transects are increasingly used to sample both tropical and temperate fish assemblages. Compared to in situ visual census methods, the use of stereo-video reduces inter- observer variability, improves definition of the sample unit area, increases accuracy of fish length estimates and provides a permanent record of the assemblage that can be validated where required or independently reanalysed. Previous studies have suggested that stereo-BRUV collects representa- tive data on both carnivorous and herbivorous species and can be more cost-efficient than diver- based survey methods. This study compares estimates of common fish assemblage metrics obtained with stereo-BRUV stations and stereo-DOV transects across 3 biogeographic regions, and uses a cost- optimization procedure to compare the efficiency of these 2 methods. Stereo-BRUV stations were found to sample greater species richness and obtain greater estimates of relative biomass of general- ist carnivores, but no differences occurred in the biomass of herbivores sampled by the 2 techniques. Stereo-BRUV stations generally obtained estimates of assemblage metrics with less variance, result- ing in greater power to detect spatial and temporal changes in the fish assemblage metrics. Cost-benefit analyses found that stereo-BRUV was generally more time efficient than stereo-DOV transects in terms of smaller standard error around the mean of the various metrics considered. How- ever, across the 3 biogeographic regions sampled there was considerable variation in the magnitude of these differences. Results suggest that stereo-BRUV stations are, in general, a more cost-effective method for monitoring fish assemblages than stereo-DOV transects.
EFFICIENCY OF FINNISH UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS : AN APPLICATION OF STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS WITH PANEL DATA

In this study the efficiency of Finnish upper secondary schools is evaluated with stochastic frontier analysis. Different stochastic frontier models for panel data are used to estimate education production functions. The results in matriculation examination are explained with comprehensive school grade point average, parents’ socioeconomic background, resources, length of studies and decentralization of test taking on matriculation examination. Controls for schools with specialized curriculum are also included. The heterogeneity across schools is allowed by estimating both true random and true fixed effects models. The results show that the effect of teaching resources on examination results is even negative when the heterogeneity across schools is taken into account. Length of studies and decentralization of test taking affected negatively on student achievement. The inefficiency and the rankings of schools based on inefficiency score varied quite considerably depending on the type of stochastic frontier model. The lowest estimates for inefficiency were obtained with true random and true fixed effects models that separate time constant random or fixed effects from inefficiency.
Some Properties of The Solution of The Ramsey Model

Abstract The main aim of this paper is to improve some results obtained by Smith. We provide here a closed-form solution for the Ramsey model. We prove that if the inverse of the constant elasticity of intertemporal substitution is different to the elasticity of output with respect to physical capital, then the economy described by this model reaches the unique steady-state equilibrium, for any starting values of per-capita consumption. The advantage of the paper over the existing paper is that the arguments here are not local, that is, our hypotheses are most generally possible. Consequently, we can obtain almost all other results as particular cases of our solution. Our approach clarifies why different starting values of per-capita consumption generates the same steady-state equilibrium, but of different periods of time. We also clarifiy some of previous result obtained by other authors as for example Luca Guerrini.
Synthesis of CuFe2 O4 Nanoparticles by a new co- precipitation method and using them as Efficient Catalyst for One-pot Synthesis of Naphthoxazinones

This paper outlines the synthesis of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles and their catalytic applications. CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via microwave-assisted co-precipitation method. The obtained nanoparticles characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Vibrating sample magnetometer shows nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic behavior. CuFe2O4 nanoparticles are used as an efficient and effective catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of 2-naphthol condensed 1,3-oxazinone derivatives. This procedure includes some important aspects like the easy work-up, no need to column chromatography, simple and readily available precursors, and good to high yields.
Formulation and evaluation of solid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system using aerosil 200 as solid carrier

Improvement of bio-availability of poorly water soluble drugs presents one of the furthermost challenge in drug formulations. One of the most admired and commercially viable formulation approach for this challenge is solid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS). There are many techniques to convert liquid SMEDDS to solid, but an adsorption technique is simple and economic. Hence aim of present study was to develop S-SMEDDS of poorly water soluble drug Telmisartan (TEL) using Aerosil 200 as solid carrier. Liquid SMEDDS was prepared using Acrysol EL 135, Tween 80 and PEG 400 as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant and was converted to S-SMEDDS by adsorbing it on Aerosil 200. Prepared S-SMEDDS was evaluated for flow properties, drug content, reconstitution properties, DSC, SEM, in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo intestinal permeability study. Results showed that prepared S-SMEDDS have good flow property with 99.45 ± 0.02% drug content. Dilution study by visual observation showed that there was spontaneous micro emulsification and no sign of phase separation. Droplet size was found to be 0.34 µm with polydispersity index of 0.25. DSC thermogram showed that crystallization of TEL was inhibited. SEM photograph showed smooth surface of S-SMEDDS with less aggregation. Drug releases from S- SMEDDS were found to be significantly higher as compared with that of plain TEL. Ex-vivo intestinal permeability study revealed that diffusion of drug was significantly higher from S-SMEDDS than that of suspension of plain TEL. Study concluded that S-SMEDDS can effectively formulated by adsorption technique with enhanced dissolution rate and concomitantly bioavailability. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/icpj.v1i12. 12451 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(12): 414-419
A review on enhancement of heat transfer in heat exchanger with grooves

Heat transfer systems applied different methods for improving heat transfer rate with no affecting performance of the system. They are used in prevalent uses, such as solar rays heating, puddle heating, house hold water heating, food industry for processing, for marine, general industrial purpose, power generation plant, processing plants, in commercial purposes, cooling and heating in evaporators, cooling equipment, refrigerators, cooling for space vehicles, vehicles and more. This paper contains literature survey which provides enhancement techniques in heat transfer.
Neurobiological Risk Factors for the Development of Internet Addiction in Adolescents

The sudden appearance and spread of Internet addiction in adolescent populations, in association with the rapid escalation of consumed Internet content and the broad availability of smartphones and tablets with Internet access, is posing a new challenge for classical addictology which requires urgent solutions. Like the majority of other psychopathological conditions, pathological Internet addiction depends upon a group of multifactor polygenic conditions. For each specific case, there is a unique combination of inherited characteristics (nervous tissue structure, secretion, degradation, and reception of neuromediators), and many are extra-environment factors (family-related, social, and ethnic-cultural). One of the main challenges in the development of the bio-psychosocial model of Internet addiction is to determine which genes and neuromediators are responsible for increased addiction susceptibility. This information will herald the start of a search for new therapeutic targets and the development of early prevention strategies, including the assessment of genetic risk levels. This review summarizes the literature and currently available knowledge related to neurobiological risk factors regarding Internet addiction in adolescents. Genetic, neurochemical and neuroimaging data are presented with links to actual pathogenetic hypotheses according to the bio-psychosocial model of IA forming.
The World Bank as a Political, Intellectual, and Financial Actor: It's First Half Century

espanolEl articulo analiza la historia del Banco Mundial durante sus primeros cincuenta anos. Se argumenta que, desde el principio, el Banco utiliza el credito como palanca para ampliar su influencia e institucionalizar ideas economicas, visiones del mundo y prescripciones de politica en sus clientes. Detras de su aspecto tecnico, el Banco siempre ha funcionado, aunque de diferentes formas, en la interseccion de los campos politico, economico e intelectual a escala internacional, en funcion de su condicion singular de prestamista, actor politico y promotor de ideas y recetas acerca de lo que se debe hacer en cuestiones de desarrollo capitalista, en clave anglosajona. Basado en una amplia y diversa literatura y fuentes de la institucion internacional, el texto aborda la cuestion teniendo en cuenta la politica de Estados Unidos hacia la institucion, los cambios en la economia politica y la gestion de decisiones internacionales claves de la entidad. EnglishThis article analyzes the history of the World Bank during its first fifty years. It is argued that since its beginnings the Bank has used credit as a lever to expand its influence and institutionalize economic ideas, concepts of the world, and political prescriptions in client states. Behind its technical facade, the Bank has always acted, albeit in different forms, in the interface of the political, economic, and intellectual fields at the international level, due to its singular condition as a lender, political actor, and inductor of ideas and prescriptions about what to do in questions of capitalist development, from an Anglo-Saxon perspective. Based on a wide and varied international literature and the sources of the institution itself, the text approaches the theme taking into account the US policy towards the institution, changes in international economic policy, and the principal decisions of the Bank’s board.
A computational description of simple mediation analysis

Simple mediation analysis is an increasingly popular statistical analysis in psychology and in other social sciences. However, there is very few detailed account of the computations within the model. Articles are more often focusing on explaining mediation analysis conceptually rather than mathematically. Thus, the purpose of the current paper is to introduce the computational modelling within simple mediation analysis accompanied with examples with R. Firstly, mediation analysis will be described. Then, the method to simulate data in R (with standardized coefficients) will be presented. Finally, the bootstrap method, the Sobel test and the Baron and Kenny test all used to evaluate mediation (i.e., indirect effect) will be developed. The R code to implement the computation presented is offered as well as a script to carry a power analysis and a complete example.
Re-modeling Urban Poverty: A Multidimensional Approach

Growth and development without giving due attention to income and spatial distribution can be imposing and provide new challenges to poverty issues. The rural-urban exodus of the poor for better economic opportunities, landed in an environment even more devastating to many of the migrants. Although some having access to a decent standard of life, many ended up in pathetic living conditions. This discourse aims to investigate urban poverty in urban dimensions of poverty rather to measure it by income line approach which often does not represent an appropriate yardstick of poverty measurement. This proposal introduces a set of various urban poverty based dimensions index to be referred as the Multidimensional Urban Poverty Index (MUPI) to re-evaluate the urban poverty on a wider socioeconomic scale. The proposed index consists of economic, socioeconomic, financial accessibility, living conditions and social fragmentation dimensions. The dimensions are aggregated, by assigning different weights based on previous theoretical and empirical studies. Conceptualization and measurement of urban poverty within the urban dimensions have valuable policy implications and targets the marginalized communities in the urban areas. The study will contribute to the existing field of knowledge at one hand and will contribute to better outreach efforts by the state to help the nation's development agenda. The national poverty line index is not appropriate to identify the urban poor given its many limitations. This study integrates selected weighted socioeconomic indicators to reveal a more comprehensive picture of the deprivations and human rights violations based on accepted urban dimensions.
Using a Low Cost Flight Simulation Environment for Interdisciplinary Education

A multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary education is increasingly being emphasized for engineering undergraduates. However, often the focus is on interaction between engineering disciplines. This paper discusses the experience at Tuskegee University in providing interdisciplinary research experiences for undergraduate students in both Aerospace Engineering and Psychology through the utilization of a low cost flight simulation environment. The environment, which is pc-based, runs a low-cost of-the-shelf software and is configured for multiple out-of-the-window views and a synthetic heads down display with joystick, rudder and throttle controls. While the environment is being utilized to investigate and evaluate various strategies for training novice pilots, students were involved to provide them with experience in conducting such interdisciplinary research. On the global inter-disciplinary level these experiences included developing experimental designs and research protocols, consideration of human participant ethical issues, and planning and executing the research studies. During the planning phase students were apprised of the limitations of the software in its basic form and the enhancements desired to investigate human factors issues. A number of enhancements to the flight environment were then undertaken, from creating Excel macros for determining the performance of the 'pilots', to interacting with the software to provide various audio/video cues based on the experimental protocol. These enhancements involved understanding the flight model and performance, stability & control issues. Throughout this process, discussions of data analysis included a focus from a human factors perspective as well as an engineering point of view.