Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lethality and Vitality Efficiency of Different Extracts of Salix safsaf Leaves against the House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

In the current study, insecticidal activity, growth regulation, adult performance and repellency of petroleum ether, methanol, chloroform and ethanol extracts of Salix safsaf leaves were tested against third instar larvae of the housefly, Musca domestica. Different concentrations were applied through larval feeding to further investigate different biological aspects. Obtained data revealed that mortality percentages among the third instar larvae and pupal stage increased with increasing concentration. Moreover, larval and pupal duration was remarkably lengthened in a concentration-dependent manner vs the control. Furthermore, pupation and adult emergence percentages were inversely decreased with applied concentrations. The LC50 and LC90 values may be arranged as follows: petroleum ether (467.714 and 793.348 ppm), methanol (423.22 and 710.18 ppm), chloroform (533.55 and 942.88 ppm) and ethanol (384.90 and 712.33 ppm), respectively, compared with synthetic insecticide deltamethrin as a positive control that showed an LC50 value of 0.889 ppm and LC90 of 1.367 ppm. Overall, the toxic effects of methanol and ethanol extracts of S. safsaf could compete with the synthetic insecticide deltamethrin as a natural insecticide in the control. Different tested extracts affected the adult longevity, pre-maturation period, maturation period and post-maturation period in a delayed manner. Tested extracts exhibited potent repellency action that reached about 67.0 % for petroleum ether and 87.3 % for ethanol extract at a concentration of 800 ppm. Generally, S. safsaf leaf extracts may be considered as a potent candidate for housefly control and could be exploited as a component of integrated vector control strategies that may help in developing future safe and cheap insecticides of natural origin.
Data-driven algorithm to classify the degree of isotropy in the bidirectional reflectance distribution function

Abstract. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is used to describe reflectances of materials by calculating the ratio of the reflected radiance to the incident irradiance. While it was found that the isotropic models maintained symmetry about ϕs = π, such symmetry was not maintained about the θs = θi axis, except for close to the specular peak. This led to the development of a data-driven metric for how isotropic a BRDF measurement is. Research efforts centered around developing an algorithm that could determine material anisotropy without having to fit to models. This algorithm was tested using high fidelity data (containing off-axis BRDFs), which was collected via a modified Complete Angle Scatter Instrument (CASI®) with a CCD array detector. The algorithm accurately characterized the degree of isotropy for four out of five materials and worked for cases where the BRDF is higher than 100 sr − 1. This algorithm is intended to improve BRDF characterization, and the applications of light curve analysis, scene generation, and remote sensing.
Summary Plots With Adjusted Error Bars: The superb Framework With an Implementation in R

Plotting the data of an experiment allows researchers to illustrate the main results of a study, show effect sizes, compare conditions, and guide interpretations. To achieve all this, it is necessary to show point estimates of the results and their precision using error bars. Often, and potentially unbeknownst to them, researchers use a type of error bars—the confidence intervals—that convey limited information. For instance, confidence intervals do not allow comparing results (a) between groups, (b) between repeated measures, (c) when participants are sampled in clusters, and (d) when the population size is finite. The use of such stand-alone error bars can lead to discrepancies between the plot’s display and the conclusions derived from statistical tests. To overcome this problem, we propose to generalize the precision of the results (the confidence intervals) by adjusting them so that they take into account the experimental design and the sampling methodology. Unfortunately, most software dedicated to statistical analyses do not offer options to adjust error bars. As a solution, we developed an open-access, open-source library for R—superb—that allows users to create summary plots with easily adjusted error bars.
South African Executives Propensity to Use, Diffuse, and Adopt the Humanitarian Logistics Digital Business Ecosystem (HLDBE)

The employment of advanced technology in sustaining South African humanitarian organizations and business logistics firms has been a crucial concern for many years. The aim of this study is to examine the propensity of senior executives to use, diffuse, and adopt Humanitarian Logistics Digital Business Ecosystem (HLDBE) as another future sustainable tool. A PLS-SEM multivariate analysis was conducted using technology innovation theories to understand their perceived interest. The findings indicated that donor/top-level management support (D_TLMS), normative pressure (NP), perceived compatibility (PC), and perceived safety and security concerns (PSSC) served as essential factors that influenced decision-makers decision to use, diffuse, and adopt HLDBE with their noted concerns indicated. An IPMA analysis was also used in assisting executives on important factors to improve. Implications, limitations, and further research directions are therein proposed.
Developing a Social-Ecological Model for Promoting Physical Activity Among Older Adults Based on the Experiences of 50+ Adults

Various programs have been developed in different countries to encourage physical activity (PA) of older adults; however, older adults themselves have rarely been included in the development of such interventions. This article explores the meanings that people aged 50 years and above attribute to PA and their own engagement in PA, in the framework of a social-ecological model (SEM). In particular, we focus on the motivations and barriers they identified to their PA. We draw on focus group interviews with 44 older adults between the ages of 50 and 80 years, based in Estonia. Our findings suggest that it is important to use an expanded definition of PA (in older age), to include the diverse and perhaps unexpected ways in which people use their bodies and keep fit in different contexts. Based on our findings, we offer developments to existing versions of the SEM, highlighting the interconnectedness of all of its levels and propose ways to encourage PA of older adults.
Assessing Sentencing Disparities among American Indians within the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Federal Circuit Courts

ABSTRACT In a fair and equitable criminal justice system, one’s race should not influence their sentencing outcomes. Research studies conducted in the United States often report evidence that ethnic minorities are at an increased risk for receiving more punitive punishments at the time of their sentencing. The existing scholarship, however, has largely focused on assessing differences between Black and Hispanic defendants in relation to White defendants. There has been far less academic exploration of potential sentencing disparities among other less populated ethnic groups, including American Indians. To address this gap in knowledge, we use data collected from the United States Sentencing Commission to test whether American Indians receive different sentencing outcomes when compared to other racial groups. Our study findings indicate that American Indian defendants are more likely to be sentenced to prison than White, Black, and Hispanic defendants, but among those incarcerated, American Indians received similar sentence lengths to Whites.
Political Economy of Education: Assessing Institutional and Structural Constraints to Quality and Access to Education Opportunities in Tanzania

In the year 2000, a global agenda to achieve quality education for all children by 2015 was birthed. However, even after the lapse of this period, quality of education remained low in developing countries. In light of this, the World Bank developed a framework for assessing education quality based on six facets, namely, assessment; autonomy; accountability; attention to teachers; attention to early childhood development; and attention to culture, together called 6As. Based on this framework, this paper examines education quality and attainment in Tanzania, and how Korea, which has partnered with Tanzania can help mitigate the challenges in the sector, which the two countries have set as their priority development partnership sector. The study is qualitative analysis based on secondary data. The study finds that Tanzania has made significant progress in line with education for all, exhibited by high enrollment rates, which is above the average of sub-Saharan Africa. Nonetheless, major failures exist in regard to quality of education, occasioned by policies that are inconsistent with the 6As. In situations where proper reforms have been instituted, laxity in enforcement have played a role to undermine quality. Moreover, Korea’s support to Tanzania does not involve significant cross-border financial flows. As a result, the impact of its assistance on local education system is limited. The paper recommends significant reforms in education management. Korea can leverage its partnership with Tanzania to initiate stakeholder dialog in areas of necessary reforms. It should also increase cross-border financial flows and provide technical assistance to Tanzania’s based on its success with education reforms.
The Audience’s Perspective: Decline of Mythical Elements in Films

Myths have always been a source of inspiration for literary and artistic creation because of their surreal image and idealized vision. To inherit the national culture and the spirit, many films eastern and western take mythical elements as a medium of meaning. So, has the appearance of mythical elements in the films received a positive response from the audience? Based on the films (n = 919) released in mainland China cinemas from September 2015 to September 2018, this article uses the method of regression analysis and Latent Dirichlet allocation topic model to verify the relationship between mythical elements and audience acceptance. The results show that (a) mythical elements have no significant impact on the box office revenues; (b) and have no positive impact on the film ratings; (c) there is no significant mythical topic in the film reviews of mythical films, which shows that the public in modern society does not show sensitivity to the mythical elements in films. Finally, we discuss the possible causes of the results and put forward corresponding suggestions for the producers of mythical films.
Synthetic routes to selenophenes (biologically valuable molecules)

Abstract Selenophenes are key building blocks in the structure of many drugs, natural products, and biologically active molecules. Selenophene derivatives are key intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceutical products and are pharmaceutically effective compounds in the treatment of different diseases. Up to now, a diverse range of synthetic routes has been presented for the synthesis of selenophene derivatives. In this review, we will discuss synthetic methods reported up to now for the synthesis of selenophene derivatives to stimulate further progress in this field. So far, no review has been reported in the literature for the synthesis of selenophene derivatives. This is the first review of the synthetic routes reported for the synthesis of selenophene derivatives. Graphical Abstract
Differences in Mechanisms Linking Motivation and Turnover Intention for Public and Private Employees: Evidence From China

Drawing on motivated information processing theory, this study examined and compared the mechanism of prosocial motivation and intrinsic motivation on turnover intention among public and private employees. A valid sample of 328 public and private respondents was selected from the responses to the module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) in the 2015 Chinese General Survey. The t-test was used to examine the differences in prosocial motivation, intrinsic motivation, and turnover intention through SPSS, and the methods of multigroup structural equation modeling and bootstrapping were adopted to examine and compare the mediation effects through AMOS. The results indicated that there were significant differences in prosocial motivation, intrinsic motivation, and turnover intention between public and private employees. Additionally, the indirect effects of prosocial motivation and intrinsic motivation on turnover intention were significantly mediated by affective commitment and then job satisfaction. There were significant public-private differences in the mediation mechanism. The findings suggest the chain mediation mechanism that prosocial motivation and intrinsic motivation are critical in facilitating organizational commitment, enhancing job satisfaction, and reducing turnover intention. This research contributes to a better understanding of the motivational mechanisms impacting turnover intention in the Chinese indigenous context, and suggests that so-called “good soldiers” and “good aspirants” are more likely to emerge in the public sector and remain in the public sector organizations.
Evaluation of land-use, climate change, and low-impact development practices on urban flooding

ABSTRACT We investigated the potential influence of land-use and climate change on urban hydrology for an urbanized watershed located in Columbia, South Carolina (USA). The Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) was used as an urban hydrology model to formulate the low-impact development (LID) controls on runoff for flood mitigation. We used ensemble projections provided by the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) for the climate change assessment. The results for future periods (2038–2069) show an increase in mean annual runoff from 40% to 70%. The LID mitigation strategies were compared based on the rain barrel, the rain garden, and a combination of the two approaches to evaluate the potential reduction in urban flooding. It is recommended that LID practices should be used synergistically with improved drainage facilities for successful stormwater management. This analysis will help stakeholders to develop strategies to minimize the socio-economic impacts due to urban flooding.
Incite to Practice: Development of a Realist-Informed Program Theory to Support Implementation of Intersectoral Partnerships

Policy internationally is supportive of intersectoral partnerships (ISPs) for promoting positive outcomes among people with complex social, psychological, and physical needs. This realist-informed study describes the development of a program theory to provide insight into enactment of effective ISPs. Interviews were completed with 18 senior staff with leadership roles in six ISPs, including voluntary, statutory, and commercial organizations, supporting people with complex health and social care needs. An iteratively developed and refined program theory, termed the “Incite” model, was developed, with collaboration with participants and an advisory group, including people with lived experience. Important contextual conditions that emerged included organizational culture, historical perspectives, policy, and social determinants of health. Mechanisms included desire for change, creating safe psychological spaces, establishing shared values, and talking about power. Outcomes included transformed world view, increased psychological safety, clarity of purpose, fluidity of relationships, and power shifting. Three phases of partnership development were also identified within the model. This study has led to a clearer, more rigorous, and systematic understanding, with recommendations for how ISPs might be developed or expanded. How the Incite model may be operationalized is discussed, as well as implications for policy, practice, and research.
Comparative Study on Yields, Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Seed Essential Oils from Different Geographic Origins

Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the essential oil yields, chemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds collected from India (Mehsana province and Banaskantha district of Gujarat), Morocco (Tinghir province), Iran (Khorasan province), Syria (Homs province), Turkey (Ankara province), Pakistan (Kalat province), Iraq (Basra province) and Afghanistan (Helmand and Balkh provinces). No previous studies were found for cumin seed essential oils from Afghanistan and Iraq so this could be considered as the first report. The essential oil yields were ranging between 1.16 % and 1.98 %. According to the chemical compositions, two chemotypes were identified as p-mentha-1,4,-dien- 7-al, and cumin aldehyde. Cumin aldehyde was dominant in Indian-originated seeds (39.3-46.5 %) and p-mentha-1,4,-dien-7-al was the major component (42.1-58.8 %) of the rest. All essential oils performed moderate antioxidant properties (IC50 values of 23.3-32.4 μg/mL for DPPH and 65-73 % inhibition for β-carotene/ linoleic acid tests) and high antimicrobial activities. Correlation analysis demonstrated that amount of cumin aldehyde had a strong negative relation with DPPH activity and had a positive relationship with β-carotene/linoleic acid assay inhibitions. The amount of cumin aldehyde also correlated positively with disk diffusion- based antimicrobial susceptibilities and had variable correlations with broth microdilution tests. The sum of two other major aldehydes (p-mentha-1,4-dien-7-al and p-mentha-1,3-dien-7-al) were found to have no statistically significant correlation with biological activities.
A Neural Network Approach for Predicting Personality From Facebook Data

Everyday, social media usage particularly Facebook usage are growing exponentially. Simply, inspecting Facebook usage provides meaningful information concerning users’ daily interactions and hence about their personality traits. Numerous studies have been done to harness such streams of Facebook data to obtain accurate prediction of human behavior, social interactions, and personality. The aim of this study is to build a neural network–based predictive model that uses Facebook user’s data and activity to predict the Big 5 personalities. This study combines the inference features highlighted in three different relevant studies which are; number of likes, events, groups, tags, updates, network size, relationship status, age, and gender. The study was conducted on 7,438 unique Facebook participants obtained from the myPersonality database. The findings of this study showed how much a person’s personality can be predicted only by analyzing their Facebook activity. The proposed artificial neural network model was able to correctly classify an individual’s personality at an 85% prediction accuracy.
Procedural outcome of lead explant and countertraction‐assisted femoral lead extraction in Thai patients with cardiac implantable electronic device infection

Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation rate has been increasing worldwide. Despite proper surgical technique and preincisional intravenous antibiotics, the incidence of infected CIED remains high and leads to serious complications. When encountered with CIED infection, complete CIED system removal is indicated. Several lead extraction approaches have shown a high success rate. However, the facilities are limited in Thailand. In our current practice, we perform lead extraction using the Dotter basket snare femoral approach as our primary method. There are no prior data on this countertraction‐assisted transfemoral technique. Therefore, we aim to study the procedural outcome of countertraction‐assisted transfemoral lead removal technique of CIED infection in Thai patients.
Effects of Rotations With Legume on Soil Functional Microbial Communities Involved in Phosphorus Transformation

Including legumes in the cereal cropping could improve the crop yield and the uptake of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of subsequent cereals. The effects of legume-cereal crop rotations on the soil microbial community have been studied in recent years, the impact on soil functional genes especially involved in P cycling is raising great concerns. The metagenomic approach was used to investigate the impacts of crop rotation managements of soybean-wheat (SW) and maize-wheat (MW) lasting 2 and 7years on soil microbial communities and genes involved in P transformation in a field experiment. Results indicated that SW rotation increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, reduced Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Chloroflexi compared to MW rotation. gcd, phoR, phoD, and ppx predominated in genes involved in P transformation in both rotations. Genes of gcd, ppa, and ugpABCE showed higher abundances in SW rotation than in MW rotation, whereas gadAC and pstS showed less abundances. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes played predominant roles in microbial P cycling. Our study provides a novel insight into crop P, which requires strategy and help to understand the mechanism of improving crop nutrient uptake and productivity in different rotations.
Study on hot deformation behavior and workability of stir-cast Al6063-6wt.% steelp based composites

Abstract Investigation on the hot deformability and workability of stir cast 6 wt. % steel particles reinforced aluminium 6063 matrix composites was undertaken in this study. Flow stress – strain curves generated from hot compression tests performed at strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 s−1, and temperatures between 200–400°C, were used to study the flow behavior of the composite, while processing map developed from analyses of the deformation data, was used to establish the deformation mechanisms and processing safe zones for effective workability. Flow stress oscillations were observed to be prevalent at lower deformation temperatures and strain rates; largely due to the settling of reinforcement particles at grain boundary vicinities, rather than a homogeneous distribution. Also, the flow behaviour was largely strain rate insensitive. The dominant flow mechanism based on the flow stress patterns, processing map and microstructural validation was established to be dynamic recovery. Safe regions for processing based on Murty's and Gegel's criteria established the safe processing zones to be ~270–400°C at 0.01–1.0 s−1 and 380–400°C at 10 s−1. Deformation processing was unsafe at 200–260°C at 0.01–1.0 s−1 and between 200–380°C at 1.0–10 s−1.