Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Psychological Quality and Quality Cultivation of College Students in the Higher Education and Moral Education Perspectives

The present work aims to explore the psychological quality and quality of college students' entrepreneurship under higher education and moral education. First, relationships among entrepreneurial traits, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial alertness, and entrepreneurial attitude are analyzed through questionnaire surveys and statistics. Second, the role of college students' entrepreneurial attitudes in improving entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial alertness is discussed. Eventually, the relationship mechanism of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial alertness in entrepreneurial traits and entrepreneurial attitude is explored. Results demonstrate: (1) the mediating effect through the entrepreneurial self-efficacy reaches 36.91%; (2) the mediating effect through entrepreneurial alertness accounts for 38.72%; (3) the mediating effect through entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial alertness reaches 9.15%. Therefore, the entrepreneurial traits of college students affect their entrepreneurial attitude through two intermediary paths: entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial alertness. Data comparison suggests that the entrepreneurial traits of college students are significantly positively correlated to entrepreneurial attitudes; the entrepreneurial self-efficacy of college students is significantly positively correlated to entrepreneurial attitude; the entrepreneurial alertness of college students is significantly positively correlated to entrepreneurial attitudes. College students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial traits and entrepreneurial attitude, and college students' entrepreneurial alertness plays a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial traits and entrepreneurial attitude.
Identification of Circular RNAs Circ_0005008 and Circ_0005198 in Plasma as Novel Biomarkers for New-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis

The progression of autoimmune diseases is affected by the differential expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, in the plasma from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), circRNAs have an uncertain role. Herein, microarray analysis was used to determine the plasma expression profile of circRNAs from new-onset patients with RA and healthy controls (HCs). CircRNA expression was verified using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. The correlation between clinical variables and circRNA expression was assessed using Spearman’s correlation test. The diagnostic value of plasma circRNAs was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Circ_0005008 and circ_0005198 were confirmed to be elevated significantly in plasma samples from new-onset patients with RA compared with those from HCs and from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Among these new-onset patients with RA, we found that the levels of circ_0005008 and circ_0005198 correlated positively with the severity of disease, including the rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28). However, their expression levels did not correlate with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. Analysis using ROC curves implied that circ_0005008 and circ_0005198 have significant value in the diagnosis of RA. In addition, we found that compared with that in osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (OA-FLSs), circ_0005198 expression was enhanced in RA-FLSs and correlated positively with DAS28. The level of the miRNA target of circ_0005198, miR-4778-3p, was identified as significantly decreased in RA-FLSs, and the expression levels of circ_0005198 and miR-4778-3p correlated significantly and negatively. The results suggested that in new-onset patients with RA, plasma circ_0005008 and circ_0005198 levels are associated with disease activity and represent possible RA biomarkers.
Surgical Approaches to Upper Limb Spasticity in Adult Patients: A Literature Review

Introduction: Spasticity is the main complication of many upper motor neuron disorders. Many studies describe neuro-orthopedic surgeries for the correction of joint and limb deformities due to spasticity, though less in the upper extremity. The bulk of care provided to patients with spasticity is provided by rehabilitation clinicians, however, few of the surgical outcomes have been summarized or appraised in the rehabilitation literature. Objective: To review the literature for neuro-orthopedic surgical techniques in the upper limb and evaluate the level of evidence for their efficacy in adult patients with spasticity. Method: Electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for English, French as well as Farsi languages human studies from 1980 to July 2, 2020. After removing duplicated articles, 2,855 studies were screened and 80 were found to be included based on the criteria. The studies were then divided into two groups, with 40 in each trial and non-trial. The results of the 40 trial articles were summarized in three groups: shoulder, elbow and forearm, and wrist and finger, and each group was subdivided based on the types of intervention. Results: The level of evidence was evaluated by Sackett's approach. There were no randomized control trial studies found. About, 4 studies for shoulder, 8 studies for elbow and forearm, 26 studies for wrist and finger (including 4 for the thumb in palm deformity), and 2 systematic reviews were found. Around, two out of 40 trial articles were published in the rehabilitation journals, one systematic review in Cochrane, and the remaining 38 were published in the surgical journals. Conclusion: Most surgical procedures are complex, consisting of several techniques based on the problems and goals of the patient. This complexity interferes with the evaluation of every single procedure. Heterogenicity of the participants and the absence of clinical trial studies are other factors of not having a single conclusion. This review reveals that almost all the studies suggested good results after the surgery in carefully selected cases with goals of reducing spasticity and improvement in function, pain, hygiene, and appearance. A more unified approach and criteria are needed to facilitate a collaborative, evidence-based, patient referral, and surgical selection pathway.
Mycorrhizal Symbioses Enhance Competitive Weed Growth in Biochar and Nutrient-Amended Soils

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) is a highly competitive weed in agroecosystems that is well-studied for its efficient nitrogen (N) acquisition, yet research on its phosphorus (P) uptake is lacking. One pathway may be through symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which increase nutrient acquisition. These AMF benefits can be further enhanced by soil amendment with biochar, although effects may vary with different biochar production characteristics. We implemented a fully factorial nutrient and biochar addition experiment in a greenhouse for six months to determine how AMF nutrient uptake impacts plant growth and how these effects vary between two biochar types. We measured total above- and belowground biomass, plant tissue concentration (N and P), AMF colonization and activity rates, and soil media N and P availability. Overall, we observed few statistically significant results, however AMF N uptake may have been more beneficial to velvetleaf than AMF P uptake as evidenced by increased biomass and tissue N concentrations in treatments where N was only accessible by AMF. Additionally, by maintaining root to shoot ratios biochar may have provided plants with N and P (through sorption of nutrients to surfaces or its inherent properties) when nutrients were more difficult to access. We also found variable plant responses across the two biochar types used. Understanding how nutrient and biochar additions can influence weed competition is important for anticipating potential undesirable consequences of novel soil amendments such as biochar.
The Effect of Formation Water Salinity on the Minimum Miscibility Pressure of CO2-Crude Oil for Y Oilfield

CO2 miscible flooding is an important technology for enhancing oil recovery and greenhouse gas storage in the world. As a tertiary recovery technology, it is usually applied after water flooding. Therefore, the actual reservoirs usually contain a lot of injected water in addition to connate water. The salinity of these formation waters varies from place to place. CO2 is an acid gas. After it is injected into the reservoir, it easily reacts with formation water and rock and affects the physical properties of the reservoir. However, no research results have been reported whether this reaction affects the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of CO2-crude oil, a key parameter determining miscible flooding in formation water. Based on CO2-formation water–rock interaction experiments, this paper uses the core flooding method to measure the CO2-crude oil MMP under different salinity in formation water. Results show that CO2 causes a formation water pH decrease from 7.4 to 6.5 due to its dissolution in formation water. At the same time, CO2 reacts with formation water, albite, potassium feldspar, and carbonate minerals in the cores to generate silicate and carbonate precipitates, which could migrate to the pore throat together with the released clay particles. Overall, CO2 increased core porosity by 5.63% and reduced core permeability by 7.43%. In addition, when the salinity of formation water in cores was 0, 4,767, and 6,778 mg/L, the MMP of CO2-crude oil was 20.58, 19.85, and 19.32 MPa, respectively. In other words, the MMP of CO2-crude oil decreased with the increase of salinity of formation water.
Rapid Enabling of Gluconobacter oxydans Resistance to High D-Sorbitol Concentration and High Temperature by Microdroplet-Aided Adaptive Evolution

Gluconobacter oxydans is important in the conversion of D-sorbitol into l-sorbose, which is an essential intermediate for industrial-scale production of vitamin C. In a previous study, the strain G. oxydans WSH-004 could directly produce 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KLG). However, its D-sorbitol tolerance was poor compared with that of other common industrial G. oxydans strains, which grew well in the presence of more than 200 g/L of D-sorbitol. This study aimed to use the microbial microdroplet culture (MMC) system for the adaptive evolution of G. oxydans WSH-004 so as to improve its tolerance to high substrate concentration and high temperature. A series of adaptively evolved strains, G. oxydans MMC1-MMC10, were obtained within 90 days. The results showed that the best strain MMC10 grew in a 300 g/L of D-sorbitol medium at 40°C. The comparative genomic analysis revealed that genetic changes related to increased tolerance were mainly in protein translation genes. Compared with the traditional adaptive evolution method, the application of microdroplet-aided adaptive evolution could improve the efficiency in terms of reducing time and simplifying the procedure for strain evolution. This research indicated that the microdroplet-aided adaptive evolution was an effective tool for improving the phenotypes with undemonstrated genotypes in a short time.
Breeding Strategies for Weather Resilience in Small Ruminants in Atlantic and Mediterranean Climates

Many efforts are being made to cope with negative consequences of climate change (CC) on livestock. Among them, selective breeding of resilient animals to CC is presented as an opportunity to maintain high levels of performance regardless of variation in weather. In the present work, we proposed a set of breeding strategies to improve weather resilience in dairy goats raised in north-western European Atlantic conditions and dairy sheep raised in Mediterranean conditions while improving production efficiency at the same time. Breeding strategies differed in the selection emphasis placed on resilience traits, ranging from 0 to 40% in the index. Simulations were carried out mimicking real breeding programs including: milk yield, length of productive life, age at first kidding and mastitis incidence in dairy goats and milk, fat and protein yields, and fertility for dairy sheep. Considering the particular climatic conditions in the two regions, the predicted future climate scenarios, and genetic correlations among breeding objectives, resilience was defined as stability to weather changes for dairy goats and as the ability to improve performance under heat stress for dairy sheep. A strategy giving a selection weight of 10 and 20% for goat and sheep resilience, respectively, resulted in the best overall genetic response in terms of both, production and resilience ability. Not considering resilience in breeding programs could lead to a major production loss in future climate scenarios, whereas putting too much emphasis on resilience would result in a limited progress in milk production.
The 55K SNP-Based Exploration of QTLs for Spikelet Number Per Spike in a Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) Population: Chinese Landrace “Ailanmai” × Wild Emmer

Spikelet number per spike (SNS) is the primary factor that determines wheat yield. Common wheat breeding reduces the genetic diversity among elite germplasm resources, leading to a detrimental effect on future wheat production. It is, therefore, necessary to explore new genetic resources for SNS to increase wheat yield. A tetraploid landrace “Ailanmai” × wild emmer wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used to construct a genetic map using a wheat 55K single- nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. The linkage map containing 1,150 bin markers with a total genetic distance of 2,411.8 cm was obtained. Based on the phenotypic data from the eight environments and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values, five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SNS were identified, explaining 6.71–29.40% of the phenotypic variation. Two of them, QSns.sau-AM-2B.2 and QSns.sau-AM-3B.2, were detected as a major and novel QTL. Their effects were further validated in two additional F2 populations using tightly linked kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers. Potential candidate genes within the physical intervals of the corresponding QTLs were predicted to participate in inflorescence development and spikelet formation. Genetic associations between SNS and other agronomic traits were also detected and analyzed. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the wheat 55K SNP array developed for common wheat in the genetic mapping of tetraploid population and shows the potential application of wheat-related species in wheat improvement programs.
Schistosome AMPK Is Required for Larval Viability and Regulates Glycogen Metabolism in Adult Parasites

On entering the mammalian host, schistosomes transition from a freshwater environment where resources are scarce, to an environment where there is an unlimited supply of glucose, their preferred energy substrate. Adult schistosome glycolytic activity consumes almost five times the parasite’s dry weight in glucose per day to meet the parasite’s energy demands, and the schistosome glycolytic enzymes and mechanisms for glucose uptake that sustain this metabolic activity have previously been identified. However, little is known of the parasite processes that regulate schistosome glucose metabolism. We previously described the Schistosoma mansoni ortholog of 5′ AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), which is a central regulator of energy metabolism in eukaryotes, and characterized the developmental regulation of its expression and activity in S. mansoni. Here we sought to explore the function of AMPK in schistosomes and test whether it regulates parasite glycolysis. Adult schistosomes mounted a compensatory response to chemical inhibition of AMPK α, resulting in increased AMPK α protein abundance and activity. RNAi inhibition of AMPK α expression, however, suggests that AMPK α is not required for adult schistosome viability in vitro. Larval schistosomula, on the other hand, are sensitive to chemical AMPK α inhibition, and this correlates with inactivity of the AMPK α gene in this life cycle stage that precludes a compensatory response to AMPK inhibition. While our data indicate that AMPK is not essential in adult schistosomes, our results suggest that AMPK regulates adult worm glycogen stores, influencing both glycogen utilization and synthesis. AMPK may therefore play a role in the ability of adult schistosomes to survive in vivo stressors such as transient glucose deprivation and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that AMPK warrants further investigation as a potential drug target, especially for interventions aimed at preventing establishment of a schistosome infection.
TaWRKY13-A Serves as a Mediator of Jasmonic Acid-Related Leaf Senescence by Modulating Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis

Leaf senescence is crucial for crop yield and quality. Transcriptional regulation is a key step for integrating various senescence-related signals into the nucleus. However, few regulators of senescence implicating transcriptional events have been functionally characterized in wheat. Based on our RNA-seq data, we identified a WRKY transcription factor, TaWRKY13-A, that predominately expresses at senescent stages. By using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method, we manifested impaired transcription of TaWRKY13-A leading to a delayed leaf senescence phenotype in wheat. Moreover, the overexpression (OE) of TaWRKY13-A accelerated the onset of leaf senescence under both natural growth condition and darkness in Brachypodium distachyon and Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, by physiological and molecular investigations, we verified that TaWRKY13-A participates in the regulation of leaf senescence via jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. The expression of JA biosynthetic genes, including AtLOX6, was altered in TaWRKY13-A-overexpressing Arabidopsis. We also demonstrated that TaWRKY13-A can interact with the promoter of AtLOX6 and TaLOX6 by using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase reporter system. Consistently, we detected a higher JA level in TaWRKY13-A-overexpressing lines than that in Col-0. Moreover, our data suggested that TaWRKY13-A is partially functional conserved with AtWRKY53 in age-dependent leaf senescence. Collectively, this study manifests TaWRKY13-A as a positive regulator of JA-related leaf senescence, which could be a new clue for molecular breeding in wheat.
THE CLIMATE FRAMEWORK FOR UNCERTAINTY, NEGOTIATION AND DISTRIBUTION (FUND), TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION, VERSION 2

David Anthoff and Richard S.J. Tol a International Max Planck Research School of Earth System Modelling, Hamburg Germany b Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change, Hamburg University and Centre for Marine and Atmospheric Science, Hamburg, Germany c Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland d Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands e Department of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands f Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
A sensitive and group-specific monoclonal antibody-based indirect competitive ELISA for the determination of salbutamol in swine meat and liver samples

The use of salbutamol (SAL), a β-adrenergic receptor agonist (β-agonist) that could enhance the lean meat-to-fat ratio in livestock, has been prohibited as an additive in animal feeds for livestock production in many countries due to its harmful effect to the consumers. Herein, we present a sensitive and group-specific ELISA based on monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for the determination of SAL in swine meat and liver samples. The SAL derivative, containing the carboxylic group, was prepared by directly reacting SAL with succinic anhydride and then the derivative was linked to carrier proteins. Mice immunized with SAL–bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate were utilized for mAb generation. A hybridoma clone (1C3) specifically secreting mAb against SAL with higher sensitivity was successfully obtained. Under optimal conditions, the IC50 and LOD values of the mAb-based ELISA for SAL were calculated to be 0.47 ng mL−1 and 0.049 ng mL−1, respectively, indicating high sensitivity of the assay. The mAb displayed high cross-reactivity (CR) with four β-agonists, i.e., clenbuterol (55%), terbutaline (44%), brombuterol (33%) and cimbuterol (134%) because these compounds contain the same tert-butyl group on the nitrogen atom as does SAL. The CR of the mAb with other β-agonists, including cimaterol, clorprenaline, isoprenaline, neophryn, ractopamine and phenylethylamine A, was less than 2.2% due to relatively large structural differences compared to that of SAL. Swine meat and liver samples were spiked with different SAL content and detected by ELISA. The recovery rates were found in the range of 76.4–107.6% and 71.8–106.8%, respectively, with coefficients of variation less than 20%. Spiked samples were also analyzed by HPLC. A good correlation between both methods was obtained. These results demonstrated that the proposed ELISA is a feasible quantitative/screening method for SAL analysis in swine meat and liver samples. In addition, the recovery results of the β-agonists that displayed the high CR values with mAb in an additional spiking experiment revealed that the ELISA could also be an alternative method for multiple β-agonist detection.
Using Word Embeddings for Italian Crime News Categorization

Several studies have shown that the use of embeddings improves outcomes in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) activities, including text categorization. This paper focuses on how word embeddings can be used on newspaper articles related to crimes. The scope is the categorization of the news articles based on the type of crime they report. We compare different Word2Vec models and methods to obtain word embeddings. Then, we exploit both supervised and unsupervised Machine Learning categorization algorithms. Experiments were conducted on an Italian dataset of 15,361 crime news articles showing very promising results.
Lessons learned from the world’s first CBDC

Central banks worldwide are currently exploring so called Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC). The Avant smart card system created by the Bank of Finland in the 1990’s can be considered the world’s first CBDC and the only one so far that has gone into production. Avant cards were based on smart card technology similar to that used in debit and credit cards today. Even though the system was initiated, developed, and for the first few years operated by the central bank, it was eventually spun off and sold to commercial banks. Once debit cards became less expensive and were upgraded to use smart card technology, Avant became obso-lete and was shut down. The story of Avant can give us valuable insight contributing to the ongoing discussion regarding CBDC.