Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of endodontic treatment on blood pressure reduction in patients with vital irreversible pulpitis

Background During endodontic treatment, endodontists must be aware of the various factors that may decrease or increase blood pressure. This study aimed to assess the mean percentages of systolic, diastolic, and arterial blood pressure (MSBP, MDAP, MABP) reduction in patients with vital irreversible pulpitis in teeth and who were treated at three visits to endodontists in three age groups (20–34 years, 35–50 years, 51–65 years). Materials and methods A total of 100 teeth with vital irreversible pulpitis from 100 patients were included. All patients underwent 3 visits for endodontic treatment. The 1st visit included removal of vital pulp tissue and a determination of working length, the 2nd visit included canal preparation and widening, and at the 3rd visit the canal was obturated and sealed by gutta percha and sealer. Blood pressure for all patients was checked and documented once before starting treatment and three times during treatment at different intervals during all visits. Results There were significantly higher percentage reductions in MSBP, MDBP, and MABP at the 1st visit for endodontic treatment in comparison to other visits (2nd and 3rd) for all patients. Additionally, there were significantly higher percentage reductions in MSBP, MDBP, and MABP at the 1st visit for endodontic treatment in comparison to other visits in males and females, for all age groups, both anesthesia injection-type groups (infiltration and block), and all treated tooth types except mandibular anterior teeth, and there were nonsignificant differences among groups. However, there were nonsignificant differences in MSBP, MDBP, and MABP between males and females, between infiltration and block injection groups and in relation to teeth types at all visits. Conclusions The reduction of blood pressure in patients undergoing endodontic treatment of vital teeth with irreversible pulpits is common, especially at the 1st visit for pulp extirpation.
The Shifting Age Pattern of the Black-White Life Expectancy Gap

The black-white life expectancy gap has narrowed dramatically and reached its lowest point since 1990. While previous studies examined cause of death patterns, relatively few focused on the shifting age pattern of the black-white gap. This paper identifies a structural break for the blackwhite gap in 2004. Prior to 2004, the black-white gap in life expectancy at age 50 was fairly constant, but in the following decade, it narrowed substantially. Mortality at ages 0-50 was the predominant driver of the narrowing gap in life expectancy at birth from 1990-2004, while mortality at ages 50+ became the important factor from 2004-2015. Much of this narrowing in 2004-2015 was due to morality improvements among blacks from chronic diseases for which effective treatment and screening were introduced in the 1980s-1990s. The diffusion of life-saving technologies like statins and cancer screening may have led to a delayed reduction in the gap at older ages.
A Survey on Energy-Aware Wireless Sensor Routing Protocols

A technological evolution in digital electronics gives birth to micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). This evolution generates drastic change in the field of micro-sensors. Micro-sensors are advanced in capabilities of low-cost, less energy consumption, self-configurable, work on heterogeneous environment and highly reliable. A way to work efficiently automated systems are relying on sensor backbone known as routing protocols. The routing protocols is key whose functionality provides a better usability of a system in effective and efficient way. In this paper, we have focused on categories of routing protocols based on required applications. The main idea of this survey to present the applicability of sensor routing protocols in various indoor and outdoor applications.
Ascaridiasis: comparación de la eficacia terapeutica entre paico y albendazol en niños de Huaraz

Con el objeto de estudiar la eficacia del Paico y Albendazol para el tratamiento de la ascaridiasis se diseno un ensayo clinico terapeutico en 60 ninos de 3 a 14 anos, nativos de una comunidad rural de Huaraz, que se ejecuto entre mayo y agosto del 2000. La muestra se asigno aleatoriamente en 30 casos para Paico y 30 para Albendazol, siendo el criterio de ingreso la positividad del examen de heces para Ascaris lumbricoides. El tratamiento consistio en zumo de Paico: 1ml/Kg en menores de 10 Kg y 2 ml/Kg en ninos mayores, una dosis en ayunas, durante tres dias seguidos. El Albendazol se administro en dosis unica de 400mg en mayores de cinco anos y 200mg en menores. La eficacia se evaluo en forma cualitativa (desaparicion de los huevos de ascaris en heces) y cuantitativa (disminucion de la carga parasitaria); en el examen de heces que se hizo a todos los casos al ingreso y quince dias despues del tratamiento. Todas las muestras de heces se procesaron en el Laboratorio Referencial de la Direccion Regional de Salud en Ancash. La eficacia cualitativa entre Paico y Albendazol para la erradicacion de la ascaridiasis fue similar, 86.7%. La eficacia cuantitativa fue 59.5% para Paico y 58.3% para Albendazol. A diferencia del Albendazol, se observo que Paico es 100% eficaz en el tratamiento de Hymenolepis nana. Los efectos adversos se presentaron en el 23.3% de casos para ambas drogas. Concluimos que aunque Paico y Albendazol tienen eficacia similar contra Ascaris lumbricoides, Paico tiene el beneficio adicional de ser eficaz contra Hymenolepis nana.
PHOTOMETRIC SN IA CANDIDATES FROM THE THREE-YEAR SDSS-II SN SURVEY DATA

We analyze the three-year SDSS-II Superernova (SN) Survey data and identify a sample of 1070 photometric SN Ia candidates based on their multi-band light curve data. This sample consists of SN candidates with no spectroscopic confirmation, with a subset of 210 candidates having spectroscopic redshifts of their host galaxies measured, while the remaining 860 candidates are purely photometric in their identification. We describe a method for estimating the efficiency and purity of photometric SN Ia classification when spectroscopic confirmation of only a limited sample is available, and demonstrate that SN Ia candidates from SDSS-II can be identified photometrically with ∼ 91% efficiency and with a contamination of ∼ 6%. Although this is the largest uniform sample of SN candidates to date for studying photometric identification, we find that a larger spectroscopic sample of contaminating sources is required to obtain a better characterization of the background events. A Hubble diagram using SN candidates with no spectroscopic confirmation, but with host galaxy spectroscopic redshifts, yields a distance modulus dispersion that is only ∼ 20−40% larger than that of the spectroscopicallyconfirmed SN Ia sample alone with no significant bias. A Hubble diagram with purely photometric classification and redshift-distance measurements, however, exhibit biases that require further investigation for precision cosmology. Subject headings: cosmology: observations — supernovae: general — surveys
Sparse Time-Frequency Analysis of Speech Signals

To obtain a sparse time-frequency representation of a speech signal, which still reflects the evolution of its characteristics in time, consists a great problem. Despite its disadvantages, the spectrogram is traditionally used for this purpose. In this contribution we examine the potential of 1) atomic decomposition methods and 2) time-frequency distributions with respect to speech signals.
Automatic question generation based on sentence structure analysis using machine learning approach

Abstract Automatic question generation is one of the most challenging tasks of Natural Language Processing. It requires “bidirectional” language processing: first, the system has to understand the input text (Natural Language Understanding), and it then has to generate questions also in the form of text (Natural Language Generation). In this article, we introduce our framework for generating the factual questions from unstructured text in the English language. It uses a combination of traditional linguistic approaches based on sentence patterns with several machine learning methods. We first obtain lexical, syntactic and semantic information from an input text, and we then construct a hierarchical set of patterns for each sentence. The set of features is extracted from the patterns, and it is then used for automated learning of new transformation rules. Our learning process is totally data-driven because the transformation rules are obtained from a set of initial sentence–question pairs. The advantages of this approach lie in a simple expansion of new transformation rules which allows us to generate various types of questions and also in the continuous improvement of the system by reinforcement learning. The framework also includes a question evaluation module which estimates the quality of generated questions. It serves as a filter for selecting the best questions and eliminating incorrect ones or duplicates. We have performed several experiments to evaluate the correctness of generated questions, and we have also compared our system with several state-of-the-art systems. Our results indicate that the quality of generated questions outperforms the state-of-the-art systems and our questions are also comparable to questions created by humans. We have also created and published an interface with all created data sets and evaluated questions, so it is possible to follow up on our work.
Multidimensional Scaling , Social and Behavioral Sciences ( Area 4 ) Article Title : Multidimensional Scaling

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a set of data-analytic tools for deriving a graphical representation of objects in a multidimensional space based on proximity relations among them (Takane, 2007). By the graphical representation, we gain intuitive understanding of the regularity governing the relationships among the objects. In this article, we introduce the basic concept and models of MDS along with its essential ingredients such as distance models, proximity data, fitting criteria, dimensionality selection. To illustrate the use of MDS, three useful MDS procedures (simple MDS, individual differences MDS, and unfolding analysis) are presented with empirical examples.
5. Ontology-based Information Visualisation

The Semantic Web is an extension of the current World Wide Web, based on the idea of exchanging information with explicit, formal and machine-accessible descriptions of meaning. Providing information with such semantics will enable the construction of applications that have an increased awareness of what is contained in the information they process and that can therefore operate more accurately. This has the potential of improving the way we deal with information in the broadest sense possible, e.g. better search engines, mobile agents for various tasks, or even applications yet unheard of. Rather than being merely a vision, the Semantic Web has significant backing from various institutes such as DARPA, the European Union and the W3C, which all have formed current and future Semantic Web activities.
Supplementary Material for paper “Co-segmentation Inspired Attention Networks for Video-based Person Re-identification”

9: procedure COSAM-CHANNEL-ATTENTION(F) . F=Input feature maps to the subroutine 10: FGAP = GAP (F) . Global average pooling (GAP), sizeof(FGAP) = N ×DL 11: Individual channel mask Mind = Sigmoid(MLP (FGAP)) . sizeof(Mind) = N ×DL 12: Common channel activation mask Mchannel = avg-pool(Mind) . sizeof(Mchannel) = 1×DL 13: Masked channel features Fchannel = Mchannel ⊗ F . ⊗ = Channel-wise multiplication 14: return Fchannel
Nutritional Methodology High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Allows Rapid Assessment of Iron Absorption in Infants and Children

Stable isotope absorption studies of iron have been limited by the high cost and limited availability of isotope ratio analysis using thermal ionization MS (TIMS). The development of high-resolution double focusing inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP-MS) may permit more cost-efficient sample analysis due to its high throughput, lower cost, easy sample pretreatment, and greater availability. Our objective was to develop an ICP-MS methodology for the measurement of iron isotope ratios using very small blood volumes. We developed a technique using multiple iron-nickel mixing standard solutions to adjust for nickel interference calibration. RBC samples from human subjects previously given Fe and Fe were analyzed for iron isotope ratios and compared with our current methodology (TIMS). Reproducibility of iron isotope ratios provided external relative SD 0.5 and 0.7% (1 SD) for Fe/Fe and Fe/Fe, respectively. Iron isotope ratios from ICP-MS analysis did not differ from those from TIMS based on statistical analyses, nor did the calculated iron absorption values. The mean and SD of iron absorption did not differ when measured by TIMS or ICP-MS. A 2L RBC sample was sufficient for ICP-MS iron isotope ratio analysis with an internal relative SD 0.5% and analytical time 5 min. This technique may assist groups in increasing their use of stable isotope methods to assess iron absorption in infants and children. J. Nutr. 135: 1790–1795, 2005.
LISTENING TO ACCOUNTING USERS: THE IMPACT OF COMPLEXITY, TRANSPARENCY AND STEWARDSHIP ON DECISION-USEFULNESS

Many assertions have been made about the decision usefulness of accounting information. However, because the question has not received much empirical attention the nature of usefulness remains a matter of faith and a rhetoric that justifies both the status quo and proposed changes to it. Using a broadly cast survey of sophisticated users, this study attempts to discover what attributes make accounting information useful and what related beliefs are necessary for its appreciation.
Reconstruction Torn Image Pieces

In this work apply a polygonal approximation to in order to reduce the complexity of the boundaries and then extracts relevant features of the polygon to carry out the local reconstruct Thereafter, these features are used to feed the LCS dynamic programming algorithm, In this way, the overall complexity can be dramatically reduced because few features are used to perform the matching. The preliminary result is resolved and the pieces are match together as search for a global solution. The results, which take into account a limited amount of torn pieces, demonstrate through comprehensive experiments that this feature-matching based procedure produces interesting results for the problem of image reconstruction. longest common string dynamic programming algorithm and Douglas–Peucker algorithm the scores is a valid technique for solving this problem . Keyword: Torn Image Pieces, Longest String Dynamic algorithm, Douglas Peucker algorithm Reconstruction Torn Image Pieces Seba Aziz Sahy 101 Vol: 11 No: 3 , July 2015 ISSN: 2222-8373 ةقزمملا روصلا عطق ءانب ةداعإ ) ابص زیزع يھاس م د سر عاسم د (
Curiosity-Driven and Victim-Aware Adversarial Policies

Recent years have witnessed great potential in applying Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in various challenging applications, such as autonomous driving, nuclear fusion control, complex game playing, etc. However, recently researchers have revealed that deep reinforcement learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks: malicious attackers can train adversarial policies to tamper with the observations of a well-trained victim agent, the latter of which fails dramatically when faced with such an attack. Understanding and improving the adversarial robustness of deep reinforcement learning is of great importance in enhancing the quality and reliability of a wide range of DRL-enabled systems. In this paper, we develop curiosity-driven and victim-aware adversarial policy training, a novel method that can more effectively exploit the defects of victim agents. To be victim-aware, we build a surrogate network that can approximate the state-value function of a black-box victim to collect the victim’s information. Then we propose a curiosity-driven approach, which encourages an adversarial policy to utilize the information from the hidden layer of the surrogate network to exploit the vulnerability of victims efficiently. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms or achieves a similar level of performance as the current state-of-the-art across multiple environments. We perform an ablation study to emphasize the benefits of utilizing the approximated victim information. Further analysis suggests that our method is harder to defend against a commonly used defensive strategy, which calls attention to more effective protection on the systems using DRL.
Uncloneable Quantum Encryption via Oracles

Quantum information is well-known to achieve cryptographic feats that are unattainable using classical information alone. Here, we add to this repertoire by introducing a new cryptographic functionality called uncloneable encryption. This functionality allows the encryption of a classical message such that two collaborating but isolated adversaries are prevented from simultaneously recovering the message, even when the encryption key is revealed. Clearly, such functionality is unattainable using classical information alone. We formally define uncloneable encryption, and show how to achieve it using Wiesner's conjugate coding, combined with a quantum-secure pseudorandom function (qPRF). Modelling the qPRF as a quantum random oracle, we show security by adapting techniques from the quantum one-way-to-hiding lemma, as well as using bounds from quantum monogamy-of-entanglement games.
Phase Gradient Autofocus ( PGA ) and Entropy Minimizing Approaches to SAR Autofocus

Introduction Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a high-resolution radar imaging technology used in side-looking aircraft that have a variety of applications in geomorphology, storm tracking, military surveillance, and terrain / ground feature mapping. Like traditional radars, airborne radars used in SAR imaging utilize a magnetron and an antenna to transmit the radio waves into the air. When the radio waves hit the target object, the antenna receives the reflected echo waves, and the time required for the echo to return can be used to calculate the distance between the antenna and the target. A side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) uses this concept to continuously take radar images of the swath of land below it.
The role of antenatal vitamin E supplementation in the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Objective: To determine the effect of maternal antenatal vitamin E supplementation on neonatal jaundice. Methods: A randomized double blind controlled trial assessing the role of vitamin E in the prevention of preeclampsia was conducted in a tertiary hospital over two years. From 12-16 weeks gestation until delivery, primigravida mothers with singleton pregnancies received either 100 mg daily vitamin E in the form of tocotrienol rich fraction, or placebo. The newborns were assessed for jaundice. Results: Among 262 infants, 136 were in the vitamin E group and 126 in the placebo group. The incidence of neonatal jaundice was similar: 38% (54/136) in the vitamin E group and 36% (45/126) in the placebo group (p= 0.10). Nevertheless, the vitamin E group had a tendency for lower peak serum bilirubin, although not significantly so. Conclusion: Maternal antenatal vitamin E supplementation had no effect on the incidence of neonatal jaundice.
Maternity Leave and Employment Patterns of First-Time Mothers: 1961-2000

1 Barbara Downs, Fertility of American Women: June 2002, Current Population Reports, P20-548, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, 2003. 2 The data in this report were collected from June through September 2001, in the second wave (interview) of the 2001 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP); from August through November 1996, in the second wave of the 1996 SIPP; from January through April 1986, in the fourth wave of the 1985 SIPP; and from January through March 1986, in the eighth wave of the 1984 SIPP. The population represented (population universe) is the civilian noninstitutionalized population living in the United States. 3 For more information on the previously published report, see Martin O’Connell, “Maternity Leave Arrangements: 1961–85,” in Work and Family Patterns of American Women, Current Population Reports, P23-165, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, 1990. placed in the historical context of the enactment of family-related legislation during the last quarter of the twentieth century. The next section identifies the maternity leave arrangements used by women before and after their first birth and the shifts that have occurred in the mix of leave arrangements that are used. The final section examines how rapidly mothers return to work after their first birth and the factors related to the SIPP FERTILITY, EMPLOYMENT, AND MATERNITY LEAVE DATA
Income Inequality in China and India: Structural Comparisons

There are many similarities between China and India in terms of eco-social structures and development background, which justify any comparison between the two nations. Firstly, the Chinese and Indian economies have never been influenced by the notion of a planned economy and both countries deem social justice and equality a common goal. Secondly, the two largest developing countries are facing many types of inequalities that include inner-urban, inter-rural and rural-urban regional disparities that are caused by industrialization and modernization; Thirdly, the societies of the two nations reveal the typical characteristics of a dualistic economy and social structure. In fact rural-urban development remains unbalanced. And lastly, they are currently undergoing tremendous transformations due to reform and openness, which substantially affect income distribution and inequality in both China and India. The state and its redistributive policy have also deeply affected income inequalities.
Validating and Improving the Czech WordNet via Lexico-Semantic Annotation of the Prague Dependency Treebank

We give a brief report on our experience with lexico-semantic annotation of a Czech linguistic corpus. We use the Czech WordNet (CWN) as a repository of lexical meanings and we annotate each word which is included in the CWN. The statistics of the annotated data is used as a feedback for validating and improving the coverage and quality of the CWN. We also discuss some methodological questions.
Gait Recognition

Gait recognition has received increasing attention as a remote biometric identification technology, i.e. it can achieve identification at the long distance that few other identifica ‐ tion technologies can work. It shows enormous potential to apply in the field of crimi ‐ nal investigation, medical treatment, identity recognition, human‐computer interaction and so on. In this chapter, we introduce the state‐of‐the‐art gait recognition techniques, which include 3D‐based and 2D‐based methods, in the first part. And considering the advantages of 3D‐based methods, their related datasets are introduced as well as our gait database with both 2D silhouette images and 3D joints information in the second part. Given our gait dataset, a human walking model and the corresponding static and dynamic feature extraction are presented, which are verified to be view‐invariant, in the third part. And some gait‐based applications are introduced.
Integrability and MHV diagrams in N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory

We apply MHV diagrams to the derivation of the one-loop dilatation operator of N = 4 super Yang-Mills in the SO(6) sector. We find that in this approach the calculation reduces to the evaluation of a single MHV diagram in dimensional regularisation. This provides the first application of MHV diagrams to an off-shell quantity. We also discuss other applications of the method and future directions. § {a.brandhuber, b.penante, g.travaglini, d.young}@qmul.ac. uk ar X iv :1 41 2. 10 19 v2 [ he pth ] 2 F eb 2 01 5