Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Machine Learning based Documents Clustering in Urdu

The volume of data on the web is growing rapidly, due to the proliferation of news sources, contents, blogs and journals etc. Like other languages, the Urdu language has also observed tremendous growth on the internet. As the volume of data is expanding, information retrieval (IR) is becoming complicated. Document clustering is an unsupervised ML approach, employed to group a huge number of dispersed documents into a small number of significant and consistent clusters, thus providing a base for indexing, IR and browsing mechanisms. Documents clustering has a long tradition in English as well as English like western languages, but Urdu lags behind in terms sophisticated natural language processing (NLP) tools and resources for documents clustering. Documents clustering becomes a challenging task in Urdu language having a rich morphology, particular structure, syntax peculiarities and cursive nature. In this study, we have developed a framework of document clustering and analysed various similarity measures for Urdu documents. We have also checked the effect of stop words removal in the process of Urdu document clustering.
Brief Analysis on Typical Image Saliency Detection Methods

Image saliency detection is becoming more and more important in the field of computer vision. The purpose is to detect salient objects in complex background, at the same time, reduce time complexity to get salient objects with high-resolution and clear edge. In this paper some brief analysis on the state-of-the-art studies relating to image saliency detection has been implemented at first. Next, two kinds of the relating methods has been separated, the former is based on space domain and the latter is based on frequency domain. And then some typical methods respective in space domain and frequency domain are introduced and tested in image databases used for image saliency detection, the experimental results of these method are analyzed with running time and saliency map and the results of image segmentation using fixed threshold and adaptive threshold are compared. Finally, the conclusion and prospects of studies on image saliency detection are proposed.
Dyadic vs. Individual Practice with Exploratory and Directive Mathematics Tutors

We used a 2 × 2 design to compare the performance of low-aptitude remedial participants learning to solve mathematics word problems. Participants worked either alone or as a member of a collaborative dyad, and received up to twelve hours of instruction and practice using either the Word Problem-Solving Environment (WPSE), an exploratory system over which users exercise considerable control, or Solver, a very structured and sometimes directive tutor. Individuals who worked with the WPSE showed the greatest average improvement between pretest and posttest scores. Dyad members showed relatively moderate improvements after working with either the directive tutor or the problem-solving environment. There were no significant changes between pretest and posttest scores for individuals who worked with the directive tutor. We discuss possible reasons for this pattern of results and present an analysis of data concerning the number of operations used in solving problems, the number of errors made, and the number of help requests, to support our discussion.
Implementing Differentiated Services in a Real-Time Database Simulator

The demand for real-time data services has increased lately. Applications are becoming more demanding and require fresh data. Applications include for example stock markets and telecommunication. These systems are dynamic and the workload cannot be predicted and therefore they can be overloaded. Transactions in these systems can be of different importance. Therefore we want to have real-time databases with differentiated services where more important transactions are always processed before less important transactions. Research in the area of Quality of Service for real-time databases is being done. Sophisticated control algorithms have been developed and for testing these in different configurations we need a simulator framework that allows us to see how they behave for different transaction workloads. A simulator for real-time databases has been developed but it does not have the ability to simulate differentiated services. The goal with this project is to implement differentiated services into this simulator. Implementing this involves rewriting a great deal of the original code and implement new classes. The result is a simulator that has the ability of simulating a real-time database with differentiated services. We verified its correctness by several tests. This simulator will help computer scientists to develop and test more advanced algorithms in the future. as a final project for a bachelor degree. It has been a challenging and developing task to understand the techniques of the simulator and reading research papers to understand the area of the project. A special thank to my supervisor Mehdi Amirijoo for all the help in understanding the simulator, the terminology involved and help with various problems in the project. I also want to thank my examiner Jörgen Hansson for help with the structure of the report.
The Effect of Locus of Control and Sequence Control on Computerized Information Retrieval and Retention

This study contributes to the debate over how much control over instruction should be given to different types of learners and how much control should be left to the computer program in computer-based instruction. The effect of locus of control and student control over branching on ability to locate the answers contained in computer screens to a paper-and-pencil list of questions and the ability to retain learned information is explored. Student control conditions were branching for review only and total branching control to any topic in the sequence. Results using two-way analyses of variance indicated that students with high internality scores and computer sequence control over only review retrieved the most correct information. Students with control over only review retained the most correct information, regardless of locus of control scores. Students with higher internality scores also scored better on one of the software's two internal performance scores. Grade-point average was also positively correlated with accuracy of retrieval and retention.
A novel fluorophotometer for measuring concentration and diffusion of autofluorescent ophthalmic medication in the human eye

As society is aging, the frequency of age-related diseases is increasing. An area of age-related diseases that requires special attention is that of ocular diseases as they eventually cause blindness and therefore have a huge impact on the quality of life of the patient. Understanding the underlying cause of the disease and being able to treat it effectively is thus becoming increasingly important. To evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment, the behaviour of the medication in the body needs to be known or estimated. Monitoring the diffusion of medication is commonly referred to as pharmacokinetics, and the pharmacokinetics of ophthalmic medication are currently assessed by sacrificing animal eyes at given points in time after the application of the drug. This procedure does not allow for a high enough temporal resolution and incorporates a number of disadvantages such as the fact that the eyes are non-human and that the behaviour of the drug has to be extrapolated from the data obtained from different eyes. An instrument that can measure the pharmacokinetics of ophthalmic medication in a non-invasive manner will therefore increase the knowledge about the behaviour of the compound of interest considerably. This thesis presents a novel ocular fluorophotometer which can measure the diffusion of inherently ophthalmic drugs with high temporal and axial resolution (0.6 s and 124 μm, respectively) and a sensitivity of 2 nM in terms of Fluorescein concentration. The design process of the instrument and its performance in terms of resolution and noise are discussed. Thorough consideration of the eye safety of the instrument is presented. The instrument is calibrated for both a fluorescence standard (Fluorescein sodium salt) and an ophthalmic drug for treating open angle glaucoma (Brimonidine) and it is shown that the concentration of a sample with high signal to noise ratio can be accurately recovered with an error below 20%. It is however found that for samples with less good signal to noise ratios the accuracy decreases significantly. The repeatability of the measurements is also assessed and found to be slightly worse than the accuracy with an error of below 23% within one week. The calibration in in vitro porcine eyes is also discussed and suggestions made for its improvement. Further measurements of diffusing fluorescent compounds are then presented and discussed. It is found that the diffusion can be monitored with high temporal resolution and that the concentration after complete diffusion is measured correctly. Finally, measurements of in vivo eyes of human volunteers are presented and discussed. The instrument is shown to be of a similar standard to a commercially available instrument, and it is believed that the instrument presented here has the potential to become the new gold standard ocular fluorophotometer.
DATA ANALYSIS FOR DRIVER PERFORMANCE STUDIES. VOLUME II. A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ANALYSIS OF EYE MOVEMENT PATTERNS

A digital computer program is described which analyzes visual search data from subjects watching a traffic film while performing a simulated driving task. Classification of eye states into saccades, fixations, pursuits, and blinks, statistical summaries of eye movement patterns, analysis of 'looks' at pre-selected events in the film, and analysis of a discrete response task performed by the subject are included in the capabilities of the program. Sources of error and program accuracy are discussed. The program is written in FORTRAN IV and is presently implemented on the IBM 360 at the UCLA Campus Computing Network. Volume I of this report is entitled PDP-8 Data Acquisition System for Driver Performance Studies.
MODGRO User's Manual, Version 1.2

Abstract : MODGRO is a PC oriented crack growth analysis computer program. It is based on a program called ASDGRO written by E. Davidson, ASD/ENFSF, WPAFB, OH. The major differences between MODGRO and ASDGRO are: Acceptance of tabular da/dN data,--Separate 'user-friendly' input data generator, and--Approximate K solutions for arbitrary geometries. MODGRO is a tool that can analyze many common, as well as some uncommon, crack geometries. MODGRO inputs are normalized to allow the use of any system of units, however, it is up to the user to ensure consistency. This software is distributed IAW AFR 300-6. Submit requests for software to: Jim Harter WL/FIBEC, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433 (513) 255- 5956.
Trajectory Pattern Mining Using Sequential Pattern Mining and K-Means for Predicting Future Location

Sequential pattern mining is a method used to find patterns while concerning the sequence of an item set. Sequential pattern mining can be used to find trajectory patterns in moving object data. To implement it in the real life, the spatial attribute of the data needs to be generalized/grouped. In this paper, K-Means is used to group the spatial attribute. In order to group the spatial attribute, the temporal attribute is also considered to see how the patterns are related to time. The resulting trajectory patterns are then used to visualize the habit of the moving object. Therefore, trajectory patterns are used as the reference in this paper to predict the future location of the object. Predicting the future location of the object is performed using the movement history of the object. Result of this research is trajectory pattern which repeat at certain time duration according to its data characteristics.
Histopathology Grading Identification of Breast Cancer Based on Texture Classification Using GLCM and Neural Network Method

Breast cancer is the leading type of malignant tumor which is observed in women. The effective treatment depends on its early diagnosis. The gold standard of breast cancer is histopathologic examination of cancer cells. The determination of the grading in breast cancer is determined by three factors: pleomorphic, tubular formation and cell mitosis. This paper uses pleumorfic and tubular formation pattern from breast cell histopathology images. The proposed system consists of four major steps : preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. We use k – means clustering method for image segmentation and use Gray level Cooccurence Matrix (GLCM) for feature extraction with four features (i.e. angular second moment, contrast feature, entropy feature, and variance feature). The final step is grading classification which uses Backpropagation Neural Network. Some of important parameters will be variated in this process such as learning rate and the number of node in hidden layer. The research gives good result for the identification of breast cancer grading with 88% accuracy, 85% sensitivity, and 80% specificity.
Vers l'évolution dirigée de nouveaux composés antibiotiques : collections de peptides cycliques et sélection "anti-darwinienne"

Avec l'augmentation de la resistance aux antibiotiques, il existe une pression croissante visant a developper de nouveaux composes antimicrobiens pour lutter contre les maladies infectieuses. Les peptides representent une classe interessante d'agents therapeutiques grâce a leur haute activite et specificite. Cependant, une des principales problematiques a leur utilisation est leur instabilite vis-a-vis des proteases. Les peptides cycliques sont quant a eux intrinsequement resistants au clivage proteolytique et des strategies pour leur synthese ont ete developpees. Une approche elegante utilise la technologie SICLOPPS et a permis de generer in vivo des collections de peptides cycliques qui atteignent les 108 composes differents. La taille de ces collections est plusieurs ordres de grandeur superieure a celle obtenue par la synthese chimique. De plus, comme les peptides sont biosynthetises et genetiquement encodes, des strategies de criblage ou de selection in vivo peuvent etre envisagees pour identifier rapidement des composes actifs. Dans le cadre de la these, la possibilite de realiser la cyclisation polypeptidique catalysee par une inteine dans le periplasme d'E. coli a ete evaluee dans le but d'etendre les applications de la technologie SICLOPPS. Des collections de peptides cycliques cytoplasmiques (these de J-M Leonard) et periplasmiques ont ete creees et combinees a une strategie de selection genetique "anti-darwinienne" afin d'isoler des composes ayant une activite antibiotique provoquant la mort de leur bacterie hote. Un systeme, base sur une double recombinaison homologue et site specifique, permettant une repression totale de l'expression des peptides cycliques a ete cree et evalue pour permettre l'identification des substances les plus toxiques en evitant la mort bacterienne precoce.
Modèles probabilistes et étiquetage automatique

L'etude et le traitement du Langage Naturel s'interessent de plus en plus aux approches prenant en compte de grands volumes de textes d'apprentissage, pour y collecter des statistiques qui permettent de construire des modeles, par exemple bases sur des considerations probabilistes. Dans cet article, l'A. decrit les fondements de l'approche probabiliste du traitement du langage naturel, en discutant ses avantages et inconvenients. Puis il examine le probleme de l'etiquetage grammatical automatique, pour lequel il detaille l'utilisation d'un modele appele triclasse, et termine en commentant plusieurs experiences d'etiquetage
Representation of uncertain and imprecise behaviors and its application to music performance

Economicamente, el desarrollo de esta Tesis Doctoral ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Educacion, bajo el Programa de Formacion al Profesorado Universitario (referencia AP2007-02119); y por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, bajo el Proyecto de Investigacion Fundamental TIN2009-14538-C02-01.
Cilansetron hydro­chloride monohydrate, modification A (monoclinic)

The absolute configuration of the monoclinic form of the title compound, (−)-5,6,9,10-tetra­hydro-10-[(2-methyl-1H-imid­a­zol-1-yl)­methyl]-4H-pyrido­[3,2,1-jk]­carbazol-11(8H)-one mono­hydro­chloride monohydrate, C20H22N3O+·Cl−·H2O, was established as R at the asymmetric carbon adjacent to the carbonyl function. This form [cf. the orthorhombic form; Jones et al. (2003). Acta Cryst. E59, o41–o43] involves two independent formula units with different ring conformations of the six-membered N-heterocycle, and somewhat different orientations of the imidazole ring. Each independent formula unit forms a helical hydrogen-bonded chain of alternating water and chloride residues; the cations are hydrogen bonded laterally to the chlorides.
Controller design for a single-link flexible smart materials robot with experimental tests

In this paper, controller design is investigated for a single-link flexible smart materials robot, which combines both the advantages of flexible robots and piezoelectric materials. To avoid the drawbacks resulting from model uncertainties and/or model truncations, model-free controllers (both decentralized and centralized) are proposed for tip regulation and residual vibration suppression. In contrast to traditional model-based methods, the controllers presented here are derived from the basic energy-work relationship and are independent of the system dynamics.
Safety of tiotropium in renally impaired patients

Background: Tiotropium is primarily renally excreted. Adverse events (AEs) including fatal AEs (FAEs), were analyzed by renal impairment in placebo-controlled trials of once-daily tiotropium HandiHaler 18 µg (HH) or Respimat 5 µg (R5). Methods: Fifteen HH and 7 R5 studies* estimating baseline creatinine clearance (Cockroft-Gault) included 10,805 evaluable patients in total. AE incidence rate ratios (IRR; tiotropium/placebo) were determined for renal impairment subgroups (normal ≥90, mild ≥60, moderate ≥30, severe Results: 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the IRRs for AEs and serious AEs (SAEs) included or were close to 1, and IRR did not correlate with worsening renal function for both HH and R5 (Table). IRR of FAEs did not increase with decreasing renal function. Selected system organ classes (fatal cardiac disorders, general disorders) did not show consistent IRR trends. Results for severe renal impairment were limited due to low patient numbers (n=52). Conclusions: Incidence of AEs, SAEs or FAEs with tiotropium (HH or R5) showed no association with mild-to-moderately impaired renal function. *Reference list on request. Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim.
Prognostic Importance of Defibrillator Shocks in Survivors of Sudden Cardiac Death

Implantable cardioverter-de fi brillator (ICD) implantation is standard of care for patients who have survived life threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias (LTVA). ICD shocks predict future adverse events in patients with ICD implantation for primary prevention. However, the role of ICD shocks in prediction of adverse events in a secondary prevention population is unknown. The Antiarrhythmics Versus ICDs (AVID) Trial (n=1016) was a randomized controlled trial comparing ICD (n=507) and antiarrhythmic drugs (n=509) in the treatment of patients with LTVA. Mean follow-up duration was 916 ± 471 days. We analyzed the ICD arm of the AVID trial using the NHLBI limited access dataset. ICD shocks were categorized as appropriate if underlying rhythm triggering the shock was ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. All other ICD shocks were considered as inappropriate. Data on ICD therapy was available for 420 patients. Any shock (n=380), any appropriate (n=296) or any inappropriate (n=72) shock was not associated with increased all cause, cardiac or arrhythmic mortality. However any appropriate shock was associated with increased LTVA. In conclusion, ICD shocks do not confer increased risk of death on follow up in LTVA survivors. Use of ICD shocks as surrogate marker for adverse outcomes is not viable in secondary prevention patients.
A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF EFFICACY OF SUPER RESOLVED AIRBORNE HYPERSPECTRAL OUTPUTS IN URBAN MATERIAL AND LAND COVER INFORMATION EXTRACTION

Abstract. Urban areas despite being heterogeneous in nature are characterized as mixed pixels in medium to coarse resolution imagery which renders their mapping as highly inaccurate. A detailed classification of urban areas therefore needs both high spatial and spectral resolution marking the essentiality of different satellite data. Hyperspectral sensors with more than 200 contiguous bands over a narrow bandwidth of 1–10 nm can distinguish identical land use classes. However, such sensors possess low spatial resolution. As the exchange of rich spectral and spatial information is difficult at hardware level resolution enhancement techniques like super resolution (SR) hold the key. SR preserves the spectral characteristics and enables feature visualization at a higher spatial scale. Two SR algorithms: Anchored Neighbourhood Regression (ANR) and Sparse Regression and Natural Prior (SRP) have been executed on an airborne hyperspectral scene of Advanced Visible/Near Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) for the mixed environment centred on Kankaria Lake in the city of Ahmedabad thereby bringing down the spatial resolution from 8.1 m to 4.05 m. The generated super resolved outputs have been then used to map ten urban material and land cover classes identified in the study area using supervised Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification methods. Visual comparison and accuracy assessment on the basis of confusion matrix and Pearson’s Kappa coefficient revealed that SRP super-resolved output classified using radial basis function (RBF) kernel based SVM is the best outcome thereby highlighting the superiority of SR over simple scaling up and resampling approaches.
Simulación de la actuación muscular en el diseño de ortesis activas y neuroprótesis

The number of persons affected by gait pathologies increases every year not only because of the new cases of spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy or stroke, but for the prevalence of these pathologies. In addition, the ageing of the population calls for immediate action to develop assistive devices in order to foster personal autonomy of people with limited mobility. From the Engineering point of view, the design of patient tailored devices according to their disability increases the device final cost. In this way, different tools are needed to assist the proper selection of the external actuators or the muscular stimulator unit to proportionate the external assistance to achieve a functional gait. In this context this thesis is aimed at presenting the study and development of different methodologies to assist the design of active orthoses and neuroprostheses for gait assistance of disabled subjects. For the design of active orthoses, a method to quantify simultaneously the combined actuation of the muscle groups and external actuators during gait is presented. For the design of neuroprostheses and hybrid orthoses an approach to calculate the stimulation profiles to obtain a given functional movement is proposed. Further, a calibration method based on inverse dynamic analysis and physiologic optimization is also proposed to estimate muscular forces from surface electromyography signals. This method not only allows the estimation of muscle forces outside the gait analysis laboratory, but also the estimation of those efforts during gait to design actuation schemes in such rehabilitation devices. The obtained results have led the design of a first functional active orthosis prototype whitin the context of the National Research Project in which this thesis has been developed. The proposed methodologies will be used in the design of an hybrid orthoses prototype which allows a better rehabilitation of the lost motor function.