Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An economic analysis of the contribution of health care to health inequality

Reducing socioeconomic-related health inequalities has been a pressing concern for many years, and the focus of much academic research. Until now, however, there have been few e orts to quantify the contribution that health care makes to health inequality. Our contention is that if health care increases health, the distribution of health care a ects health inequality, therefore changes in the distribution of health care can be used to reduced health inequalities. We begin by reviewing the literature on the e ects of health care on health and health inequality. Next, we show how a cross-sectional model of the e ect of health care on health can be used to examine the contribution of health care to health inequality. Through this we nd that for the area-level e ect of spending on mortality in England, cancer spending leads to a signi cant reduction (approximately 50%) in cancer mortality inequalities but Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) spending does not. We move on to consider the limitations of modelling health inequality over time when using area-level data and suggest a methodological innovation, using a country-level analysis to demonstrate its application. Returning to the setting of English cancer and CHD mortality we show that the results of an analogous panel data model support our earlier ndings. Finally, we use individual-level data to examine the e ect that health spending has on health care utilisation, the e ect utilisation has on health, and how these e ects contribute to health inequality. We nd that here is no e ect on health from General Practitioner visits. Inpatient days do increase health and, overall, reduce health inequalities by 40%. These ndings show the inherent di culty of measuring the e ect of health care on health, but do suggest that health care is currently making substantial contributions to the reduction of health inequalities.
Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function

This text encompasses the work of Dr Jacquelin Perry in her years as a therapist and surgeon focusing on the human gait. The text is broken down into four sections: fundamentals; normal gait; pathological gait; and gait analysis systems. In addition to the descriptions of the gait functions, a representative group of clinical examples has been included to facilitate the interpretation of the identified gait deviations. The book includes detailed laboratory records with illustrations and photographs. Intended as a reference for health care professionals involved in musculoskeletal patient care, the text is suitable for incorporating into many athletic training programmes, university physical therapy programmes and gait workshops.
An Efficient Pharse Based Pattern Taxonomy Deploying Method for Text Document Mining

The extraction of multiple word which are expressions that has been increasingly a special topic in the last few years. Relevant expressions are applicable in diverse areas such as Information Retrieval, document clustering, or classification and indexing of documents. However, relevant words, which represent much of the knowledge in texts, have been a relatively dormant field. In this paper we present a statistical language approach to extract concepts formed by relevant single and multi-word units. By achieving promi precision/recall values, it can be an alternative both to language dependent approaches and to extractors that deal exclusively with multi-words. In this paper proposed method pattern Taxonomy Deploying method to apply to find a new and efficient patt method by which research related document, research related documents are patterned and classification of different field are done and more than 80% percent of the documents are successfully identified and categorized.
Assessing the availability and quality of online self-help videos: A pilot study with a focus on Parkinson’s disease

Objective: The Internet and other electronic media may provide one part of a solution for reducing disparities in the availability of medical services. From a patient-centred perspective, an individual with a chronic, degenerative condition may ask what information is available that I can use to manage changes in my functional capacity over time, and how effective is this? The purpose of this study was to assess the availability and quality of a sample of online self-help videos which address common functional problems ubiquitous among individuals living with one such condition: Parkinson’s disease. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Internet. Method: An Internet search was conducted to identify self-help videos offering instruction on how to manage changes in function, and each video was assessed using 17 factors relevant to instructional quality. Results: Of 295 videos, 14 (4.7%) provided self-help instruction for three chosen skills. The quality of instructional presentation averaged 2.75 on a 5-point scale, where 1 was poor and 5 was excellent. Conclusion: The identified self-help videos that addressed maintaining functional outcomes for individuals living with Parkinson’s disease varied significantly in quality, and few met accepted standards of instructional design. Future research into effective presentation modes and patient functional capacity needs might usefully develop a patient-centred curriculum that can be delivered utilising multiple platforms. This area of research is critical in rehabilitation and other health settings to enhance assistance for individuals living with chronic health conditions and their families and caregivers.
Starting from the End: Designing Instruction for Technology Skills

This approach takes the technology teacher through the process of designing technology instruction, from cognitive and performance goals, through decoding goals into cognitive and sensorimotor tasks, to building instruction. The target product is technology instruction that functions systematically as a bridge from where learners begin, to where they need to go. Learner motivation, communication, assessment, and feedback are implemented as systematic, integrative, and iterative components of the whole design process.
Clareamento interno: uma alternativa para discromia de dentes tratados endodonticamente

Intrinsic color changes are common in endodontically treated teeth. That consequence compromises the facial harmony, since converted a single structure in visual stress area. Thus the endogenous bleaching appears is a good alternative for reversibility color, because it shows itself as a conservative, fast, secure and low cost technique to the aesthetic restoration of the dental element. This study aims to conduct a brief review of the literature about Intra coronal bleaching, and demonstrate, through a case, a clinical series using urea crystal. RESUMO
DATA AUGMENTATION ALGORITHM FOR GRAPHICAL MODELS WITH MISSING DATA

In this paper, we discuss an efficient Bayesian computational method when observed data are incomplete in discrete graphical models. The data augmentation (DA) algorithm of Tanner and Wong (8) is applied to finding the posterior distribution. Utilizing the idea of local computation, it is possible to improve the DA algorithm. We propose a local computation DA (LC-DA) algorithm and evaluate its computational efficiency.
KOMPARASI ALGORITMA KLASIFIKASI DECISION TREE, NAIVE BAYES DAN NEURAL NETWORK UNTUK PREDIKSI PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIS

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health crisis. In 2005, there were about 58 million deaths worldwide, with 35 million people associated will chronic kidney disease. (World Health Organization). Data mining plays a vital role in health care domain, nowadays. There is an increased need for an efficient analytical methodology to detect unknown and valuable information in health data. It produces huge amount of data about patients, diseases, diagnosis and medicines so on. In the health care industry, the data mining is mainly used for predicting the diseases from the datasets. In order to obtain high accuracy algorithm will do a comparison few algorithms that have different characteristics, they are Decision Tree, Naive Bayes and Neural Network. From the test results to measure the performance of the three algorithms using the test method Cross Validation, Confusion Matrix and ROC curves, it is known that the algorithm Naive Bayes has the highest accuracy value of 99,50%, followed by Decision Tree algorithm with the accuracy value of 97,25%, and Neural Network algorithm with the accuracy value of 97,25% . AUC values for Naive Bayes algorithm also showed the highest value, namely 1,000, followed by Decision Tree algorithm with AUC values of 0,998 and the lowest is the Neural Network algorithm with AUC values of 0,991. All methods are include excellent classification because the AUC value between 0,90-1,00.
Saliency Guided Depth Prediction from a Single Image

With the recent surge of deep neural networks, depth prediction from a single image has seen substantial progress. Deep regression networks are typically learned from large data without much constraints about the scene structure, thus often leading to uncertainties at discontinuous regions. In this paper, we propose a structure-aware depth prediction method based on two observations: depth is relatively smooth within the same objects, and it is usually easier to model relative depth than model the absolute depth from scratch. Our network first predicts an initial depth map and takes an object saliency map as input, which helps to teach the network to learn depth refinement. Specifically, a stable anchor depth is first estimated from the detected salient objects, and the learning objective is to penalize the difference in relative depth versus the estimated anchor. We show such saliency-guided relative depth constraint unveils helpful scene structures, leading to significant gains on the RGB-D saliency dataset NLPR and depth prediction dataset NYU V2. Furthermore, our method is appealing in that it is pluggable to any depth network and is trained end-to-end with no overhead of time during testing.
Effects of Exercise Training on the Blood Lactate Response to Acute Exercise in Cancer Survivors

Cancer metabolism, emerging as a clear biomarker of cancer, is characterized by increased levels of lactate production, even in the presence of adequate oxygen saturation. This is a preliminary investigation on blood lactate response in cancer survivors actively undergoing cancer treatment (active) vs cancer survivors not currently going through cancer treatment (inactive). Exercise has been shown to regulate lactate production, accumulation, and disposal in diseased populations, however little is known about the exercise effects on lactate handling in a cancer population. Purpose: To determine the effect of a 12-week exercise intervention on lactate parameters in cancer survivors in treatment versus out of treatment during an exercise bout to volitional fatigue. Methods: Twenty-one cancer survivors were recruited for a 12-week exercisebased oncology rehabilitation intervention (active n = 7; inactive n = 14). Prior to the 12week exercise intervention, cardiovascular endurance was assessed using a progressive treadmill protocol to volitional fatigue. Blood lactate accumulation (BLA) was quantified every two minutes during the exercise assessment via finger stick and compared to measures taken during a reassessment treadmill protocol 12 weeks later. Results: Resting, Peak, and METS at OBLA values of active and inactive cancer survivors before and after the exercise intervention were not significantly different (P>0.05). Furthermore,
GeoGRID: A Geocasting Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Based on GRID

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is one consisting of a set of mobile hosts capable of communicating with each other without the assistance of base stations. One prospective direction to use such networks is to adopt positioning devices (such as global positioning system, GPS) to provide location-aware services. This paper discusses an attractive service called geocasting, or location-based broadcasting, whose goal is to send a message targeted at mobile host resident within a specified geographical region (such as a building, a street, a commercial area, etc.). In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol for geocasting called GeoGRID, which is based on our earlier unicast protocol GRID [14]. The protocol is featured by utilizing location information, confining the flooding zone, and electing a special host in each grid area responsible of forwarding the geocast messages. Simulation results show that our GeoGRID protocol can reduce network traffic and achieve higher data arrival rate.
The Speech Accent Archive: towards a typology of English accents

The theoretical and practical value of studying human accented speech is of interest to linguists, language teachers, speech recognition researchers, and computational linguists. It is also part of the research program behind the Speech Accent Archive. The Archive is a growing annotated corpus of English speech varieties. All samples include a complete digital audio version and a narrow phonetic transcription. Each speaker is located geographically and crucial demographic parameters are supplied. This paper will discuss the architecture of the Speech Accent Archive and a computational mechanism we developed to assist in analyzing the archive, the Speech Transcription Analysis Tool (STAT). We show how such a tool generates a “typological corpus” of English accents that can benefit researchers in the fields of theoretical and applied linguistics.
Tests and Measurements in Speech-Language Pathology

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Boosted ECOC ensembles for face recognition

The error correcting output coding (ECOC) approach to classifier design decomposes a multi-class problem into a set of complementary two-class problems. In this paper ECOC is combined with boosting using decision tree base classifiers to solve two problems in face recognition. Boosted ECOC ensembles using decision stumps and C4.5 classifiers are compared for face identification and verification.
Decomposing Interactive Systems

I argue that systems-oriented HCI should explore software engineering principles and architectures that emphasize user interaction over designer control. Many researchers have argued that user-empowering interaction should decouple tools from the objects they act on. Implementing this decoupling requires actively subverting the traditional architectures of interactive systems, including the encapsulation of interactive systems into closed applications, and the overly coupled event-driven programming model. I present a sketch of an architecture where interaction instruments are a first-class object to address these issues.
Exploring the Evolutionary Change in Bollywood Lyrics over the Last Two Decades

Bollywood songs have experienced a considerable change in terms of lyrics over the past decades. Long ago, bollywood songs contained mostly Hindi words, but nowadays lyricists use lots of English words to express themselves. Till date, we are not aware of any systematic quantitative analysis of how it has changed and how the evolution took place over the years. In this paper, we analysed the evolution of bollywood songs’ lyrics over the past two decades. We study how the number of words and foreign words evolved over the past 20 years. The top 20 words used mostly while composing songs and the most occurring character are identified. Our dataset is composed of 300 bollywood lyrics. Based on the dataset, we show that the number of words and foreign words over the past two decades has been increasing. Our study reveals that the word “hai” (is) and the foreign word “baby” are the most widely used while writing the lyrics and the letter “a” has the highest frequency.
Adaptive Scheduling in Heterogeneous Distributed Computing Systems

The main focus of this research is in the area of adaptive scheduling for heterogeneous distributed systems. Given an unreliable, non-dedicated set of processing and communication resources, a scheduler is required to allocate tasks to processors. No information about the state of the system, which can vary over time, or the tasks to be processed, is known in advance and thus must be estimated dynamically. Current schedulers do not adequately address this dynamism. To address this, a property estimation method is presented, which utilizes a k-Nearest Neighbours algorithm, a smoothed average and an analytical benchmark. These estimated properties are then used by two different scheduling techniques, which make less restrictive assumptions than the current state-of-the-art methods. A multi-heuristic evolutionary method utilizes a genetic algorithm and eight simple heuristics to efficiently allocate tasks to processors. A deterministic method utilizes the error inherent in estimating the properties of the system and the execution time of tasks, to allocate tasks to processors. The algorithms have been implemented on a real-world heterogeneous distributed system with up to 150 processors. A set of real-world problems from the areas of cryptography, bioinformatics, and biomedical engineering were used as a test set to measure the effectiveness of the scheduling algorithms. Experiments have shown that both methods achieve better efficiency than other state-of-the-art heuristic algorithms. Finally, a low memory distributed reconstruction application for large digital holograms is presented, which has significantly increased the size of holograms that can be reconstructed, over the previous state-of-the-art.
Wave scattering modeling of a natural target under time evolution: a test case towards the physical interpretation of multi-temporal ERS-1 images over tropical forest

Presents some results of a study carried out in the MTV (Monitoring of the Tropical Vegetation) unit of the Institute for Remote Sensing Applications at the JRC Ispra in the context of the TREES project (Tropical Ecosystem Environment observations by Satellites). The goal of the study is to reach a physical interpretation of the observed time and space changes in the radar cross section, which is an indicator for discriminating forest from other land cover types. The authors' approach entails the combination of remote sensing data (SAR data from the ERS-1 satellite) and models of the electromagnetic wave scattering and the ecosystem. The main lines of research are explained, and a test case described, where they apply this technique to the interpretation of the seasonal evolution of a teak plantation located in the Sassandra Forest of Cote d'Ivoire.
A Generic Scheme for Communication Representation and Mapping

The design of complex mixed hardware/software embedded systems requires a variety of specialized design tools. These tools in turn employ a variety of diverse description languages. The need for interaction and compatibility between the tools makes the independence from different design languages an imperative task. An Internal Representation represents different design descriptions without loss of information in a consistent manner. Important essentials of an internal representation are generic mapping schemes which rule the mapping of design description languages onto the internal representation structure. We present such a generic mapping scheme for communication constructs of design languages onto an internal representation. Conversions from SDL, VHDL and Verilog onto the internal representation IRSYD exemplify the mapping scheme.
Design and Performance Comparison of Metamaterial Based Antenna for 4G/5G Mobile Devices

Abstract—This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of multiband metamaterial based antenna operating in the 3.6 GHz (4G), 14.33 GHz, and 28.86 GHz (5G) frequency bands, for future mobile and handheld devices. The radiating element of the proposed design is made up of a conductive material supported by a 1.524 mm thicker Rogers-4003 substrate, having a relative dielectric constant and loss tangent of 3.55 and 0.0027, respectively. The substrate is backed by truncated ground plane. The future mobile communication system is based on higher frequencies, which are highly affected by the atmospheric conditions. Therefore, to overcome the path loss problem, essential enhancements and improvements must be made in the overall performance of the antenna. The traditional ground plane does not provide the in-phase reflection and surface wave suppression due to which side and back lobes are produced. This will affect the antenna performance in terms of gain and efficiency. To enhance the overall performance of the antenna, a metamaterial acting as a high impedance surface (HIS) is used as a reflector in the proposed design. The simulated gain of the metamaterial based antenna is enhanced from {2.76-6.47, 4.83-6.71 and 7.52-7.73} dB at 3.6, 14.33 and 28.89 GHz, respectively relative to the gain of the antenna backed by a traditional ground plane. The proposed antenna radiated efficiently with a radiated efficiency (>85 %) in all the three frequency bands with and without metamaterial surface. The total volume of the antenna is (L x W x h=45 x 40 x 1.524) mm. The antenna can be potentially used for wireless handheld devices and mobile terminal. All the simulations have been performed using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software.
A system for incrementally designing and verifying programs.

Abstract : SID (System for Incremental Development) is a computer system for incrementally designing and verifying large, complex programs. It executes commands, proposes actions, answers questions, and accepts and reasons about new or changed information. SID has three main, distinctive characteristics: (1) it provides several useful incremental capabilities, including the ability to respond to changes by ensuring that the final problem solution is consistent and by keeping intact still-valid work without complete reprocessing; (2) its user interface has the ability to guide the user through the design and verification and to engage in an interactive English dialog about the potential effects of changes; (3) it supports a substantial programming language which includes features for generating run-time checks, stating concurrent processes and shared data, and developing data abstractions. SID has been used to completely design and verify several programs. Volume 2 (appendix) contains a transcript of a session with SID in which a simple message switching network that allows secure, asynchronous message transfer among a fixed number of users in incrementally developed.