Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic initiatives to promote participation in physical activity

Future reductions in the overall burden of ill-health and premature death from cardiovascular disease are likely to follow from reductions in the proportions of the population who are physically inactive. More benefit is likely to be gained from activating the sedentary than from persuading those who are already active to become more active. Population studies of exercise behaviour from New Zealand, North America and Australia have found that 25-30% of adults are sedentary in their leisure time. Australia's National Health Goals and Targets are described as an example of recent initiatives in industrialised countries to increase physical activity levels on a population-wide basis. Evaluations of recent nationwide campaigns in Australia suggest the need for a realistic awareness of what can and cannot be achieved by mass-media information and persuasion to encourage sedentary people to be more active. Primary-health-care practitioners (particularly general practitioners and those educated in the exercise and sport sciences) have a key role to play in advising and encouraging sedentary people to be more active, particularly by focusing on each of the different stages of change in physical activity (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance). Health-care practitioners should also be contributing to informed public debate not only by disseminating information on the benefits of a physically active lifestyle, but also by advocating for appropriate environmental and social changes which would encourage inactive people to be more active.
Significance of Strip Biopsy, with Particular Reference to Endoscopic “Mucosectomy”

1) Evalution of gastric biopsy The forceps or bite biopsy used at present is said to have been developed by Kenamore’) during the era of the flexible gastroscope. When this type of biopsy forceps emerged, complications of bleeding drew attention, and from then on the history of gastric biopsy may be regarded as a search for greater safety. With the development and introduction of the fiberscope in Japan, Takagi (1964) devised a method for gastric biopsy under fiberoptical control, using a polyvinyl chloride tube taped a long side of the fiberscope. While later, Takemoto (1964) developed a fiberscope with a biopsy channel (FCS-Bl). Owing to these advances bite biopsy became the predominant approach to the diagnosis of early gastric carcinoma. However, as expressed by Schindler’s criticism of the specimens obtained by suction biopsy as “being too small and superficial’’ even back in the gastroscope era, specimens obtained by bite biopsy were suspected to be inadequate for definite and accurate diagnosis2). This shortcoming constituted one of the reasons for the confusion concerning the diagnosis of borderline lesions in Japan during the 1969s. Because of this, pathologists defined a group classification to be used as a practical guide in arriving at a pathological diagnosis of these small size biopsy specimens. According to this classification, Group I11 lesions include benign adenoma, borderline
Dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs in biphasic media using USP 4 and fiber optic system

A novel in-vitro dissolution system based on the principle of flow-through technique has been designed to evaluate the in-vitro release rate of poorly water-soluble compounds. The flow through apparatus (USP 4) has been coupled with the compendial dissolution apparatus (USP apparatus 2). A bi-phasic dissolution medium is used to achieve sink conditions. The dissolved drug is continuously removed from the aqueous phase into the organic phase of the dissolution medium, mimicking the process of absorption in the systemic circulation. The in vitro release profiles obtained from this dissolution model was able to distinguish the formulation changes of several poorly water-soluble drugs from their dosage forms. For AMG 517, the model drug, excellent rank order correlation has been obtained between the in-vitro release and the in-vivo absorption of the drug from several different dosage forms and their formulations. In addition, for several commercial formulations, the model successfully discriminated between the bioequivalent and non-bioequivalent formulations.
Carpal tunnel syndrome, the search for a cost-effective surgical intervention: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE There is insufficient evidence regarding the clinical and cost-effectiveness of surgical interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome. This study evaluates the cost, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of minimally invasive surgery compared with conventional open surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS 194 sufferers (208 hands) of carpal tunnel syndrome were randomly assigned to each treatment option. A self-administered questionnaire assessed the severity of patients' symptoms and functional status pre- and postoperatively. Treatment costs were estimated from resource use and hospital financial data. RESULTS Minimally invasive carpal tunnel decompression is marginally more effective than open surgery in terms of functional status, but not significantly so. Little improvement in symptom severity was recorded for either intervention. Minimally invasive surgery was found to be significantly more costly than open surgery. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio for functional status was estimated to be 197 UK pounds, such that a one percentage point improvement in functioning costs 197 UK pounds when using the minimally invasive technique. CONCLUSIONS Minimally invasive carpal tunnel decompression appears to be more effective but more costly. Initial analysis suggests that the additional expense for such a small improvement in function and no improvement in symptoms would not be regarded as value-for-money, such that minimally invasive carpal tunnel release is unlikely to be considered a cost-effective alternative to the traditional open surgery procedure.
Ultrasonographic imaging of the lateral cerebral ventricles in the dog.

Ultrasonography was effectively used to evaluate lateral cerebral ventricles in 28 dogs with persistent fontanelles. There was a significant incidence of ventriculomegaly in miniature and brachycephalic breeds. No relationship was found between the size and the fontanelle and the presence or size of ventriculomegaly. A significant relationship was found between the presence of a fontanelle and the presence of ventriculomegaly. There was no statistically significant relationship found between the presence of clinical signs and ventricular size.
Relationships among Health Promoting Behaviors and Maternal and Infant Birth Outcomes in Older Pregnant Thais

Abstract: Given that approximately 36% of all Thai births are by women 35 years of age and older, advanced maternal aged women experience poor perinatal outcomes, and limited data exists regarding factors associated with negative maternal and infant outcomes among older pregnant Thais, this prospective correlational research sought to describe the relationships among health promoting behaviors, and maternal and infant outcomes in older pregnant Thais. The sample consisted of 142 pregnant Thais who were 35 years of age or older and receiving antenatal care in one of four public hospitals in northeastern Thailand. Data were collected via a Personal Characteristics Questionnaire, the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II Scale, and each subject’s medical record. The results revealed that gestational diabetes mellitus, premature labor, breech presentation, pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature rupture of membrane, and antepartum hemorrhage were the most frequently reported maternal outcomes. The infants’ complications included fetal distress, preterm delivery, and low birth weight. Although the subjects reported a high level of health promoting behavior, a significant negative correlation was found between their health promoting behavior scores and antepartum hemorrhage. On the other hand, no significant relationships were found among the mothers’ health promoting behaviors and the infants’ outcomes. Thus, interventions that enhance health promoting behaviors may help to prevent some of the poor maternal outcomes that can occur in this at-risk population. บทคดยอ : จำนวนหญงตงครรภอายมากกวา 35 ปขนไปในประเทศไทยมจำนวนเพมมากขน ประมาณรอยละ 36 ของหญงตงครรภเปนมารดาทมอายมาก ซงหญงตงครรภกลมนเผชญกบภาวะ แทรกซอนทงในมารดาและทารก การศกษาถงปจจยทมผลกระทบตอภาวะสขภาพของมารดาและ ทารกในหญงตงครรภอาย 35 ปขนไปยงมจำกด ดงนนการวจยครงนเปนการวจยเชงบรรยายม วตถประสงคเพอศกษาความสมพนธระหวางพฤตกรรมสงเสรมสขภาพและภาวะสขภาพของมารดา และทารกในหญงตงครรภอายมากกวา 35 ป กลมตวอยางถกเลอกโดยการเจาะจงคณสมบตตามทระบไวจำนวน 142 ราย เปนหญงตงครรภ อาย 35 ปขนไปทมารบการฝากครรภ โรงพยาบาลรฐบาลในภาคตะวนออกเฉยงเหนอจำนวน 4 แหง เกบรวบรวมขอมลโดยใชแบบสอบถาม ปจจยสวนบคคล และพฤตกรรมสงเสรมสขภาพ สวนขอมล ภาวะสขภาพของมารดาและทารกรวบรวมจากแบบบนทกทางการแพทยและการพยาบาลของกลม ตวอยางแตละราย ผลการศกษาพบวาภาวะแทรกซอนในหญงตงครรภอายมากทพบบอยไดแก เบาหวานจาก การตงครรภ การเจบครรภคลอดกอนกำหนด การตงครรภทารกทากน ภาวะความดนโลหตสง เนองจากการตงครรภ ถงนำครำแตกกอนกำหนดคลอด และภาวะตกเลอดกอนคลอด สวนภาวะ แทรกซอนของทารกไดแก ภาวะพรองออกซเจน ทารกคลอดกอนกำหนด และนำหนกตวแรกคลอด นอย กลมตวอยางมพฤตกรรมสงเสรมสขภาพอยในระดบสง และยงพบวาพฤตกรรมสงเสรมสขภาพม ความสมพนธทางลบกบภาวะตกเลอดกอนคลอดอกดวย ดงนน พยาบาลควรจดกจกรรมสงเสรมให หญงตงครรภมพฤตกรรมสงเสรมสขภาพทดตอไป เพอปองกนภาวะแทรกซอนและดำรงไวซงภาวะ สขภาพทดของมารดาในหญงตงครรภกลมน
Early intervention services in Turkey: Perspectives of south-eastern families

Research addressing the delivery of early intervention programmes offers guidelines that, when followed, presumably maximize the programmes’ intended benefits. In this study, the authors used a quasi-mixed, monostrand method to investigate how families of children with disabilities in south-east Turkey perceived the service delivery they were receiving. Organizing their perceptions under a framework related to the Turkish-law-mandated guidelines, the authors found that the provision of services in the region varied greatly from one professional team task to the next. Implications for the improvement of service delivery are discussed.
Comparison of Functional Status Instruments in HIV-Infected Adults on Effective Antiretroviral Therapy

Abstract Background: The best method for assessment of functional status in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected persons is unknown. Objective: We hypothesized that 3 instruments to assess frailty or disability in elderly populations would perform similarly in HIV-1–infected persons. Methods: HIV-infected subjects 45 to 65 years old with plasma HIV-1 RNA <48 copies/mL were classified prospectively as low, moderate, or high function by Fried's frailty phenotype (FFP), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and 400-m walk test. Functional instrument agreement was evaluated by weighted kappa statistic, and relationships with demographic or clinical factors were evaluated by odds ratios (OR). Results: There were 359 participants (85% male, mean age 52 years, mean CD4+ lymphocyte count 551 cells/µL) who were evaluated. Three percent to 8% were low, 31% to 51% were moderate, and 42% to 62% were high function. FFP, SPPB, and 400-m walk test had moderate agreement for functional classification (61%-64%; κ = 0.34-0.41). Across instruments, lower reported physical activity (OR ≯ 5.5; P ≤ .005), no current employment (OR ≯ 4.2; P < .02), arthritis (OR ≯ 6.5; P < .02), neurologic disease (OR ≯ 2.6; P < .05), debilitating pain (OR ≯ 5.4; P < .008), psychiatric disease (OR ≯3.1; P < .03), more comorbidities (OR ≯ 3.6; P ≤ .005), and more non-antiretroviral therapy medications (OR ≯ 3.5; P ≤ .01) were associated with lower function. Current CD4 <200 cells/µL was more likely among low-function (11%) than high-function (2%) persons on FFP (P = .04); other HIV-related characteristics were not significantly different (P > .05) between functional categories on any instrument. Conclusions: Moderate functional impairment is common among middle-aged HIV-infected persons, with similar frequencies of impairment detected by 3 instruments. Reduction in comorbid disease, increased physical activity, and improved pain symptom management could reduce functional impairment among persons aging with HIV-infection.
Historical Factors Associated With Past Environments Influence the Biogeography of Thermophilic Endospores in Arctic Marine Sediments

Selection by the local, contemporary environment plays a prominent role in shaping the biogeography of microbes. However, the importance of historical factors in microbial biogeography is more debatable. Historical factors include past ecological and evolutionary circumstances that may have influenced present-day microbial diversity, such as dispersal and past environmental conditions. Diverse thermophilic sulfate-reducing Desulfotomaculum are present as dormant endospores in marine sediments worldwide where temperatures are too low to support their growth. Therefore, they are dispersed to here from elsewhere, presumably a hot, anoxic habitat. While dispersal through ocean currents must influence their distribution in cold marine sediments, it is not clear whether even earlier historical factors, related to the source habitat where these organisms were once active, also have an effect. We investigated whether these historical factors may have influenced the diversity and distribution of thermophilic endospores by comparing their diversity in 10 Arctic fjord surface sediments. Although community composition varied spatially, clear biogeographic patterns were only evident at a high level of taxonomic resolution (>97% sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene) achieved with oligotyping. In particular, the diversity and distribution of oligotypes differed for the two most prominent OTUs (defined using a standard 97% similarity cutoff). One OTU was dominated by a single ubiquitous oligotype, while the other OTU consisted of ten more spatially localized oligotypes that decreased in compositional similarity with geographic distance. These patterns are consistent with differences in historical factors that occurred when and where the taxa were once active, prior to sporulation. Further, the influence of history on biogeographic patterns was only revealed by analyzing microdiversity within OTUs, suggesting that populations within standard OTU-level groupings do not necessarily share a common ecological and evolutionary history.
Preoperative pregabalin and/or celecoxib for pain management after total knee arthroplasty under intrathecal morphine: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Although spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is considered to be an alternative technique for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), it is simple, easy to perform, and economical. Information to improve postoperative outcome of intrathecal morphine for TKA is still limited. Objective: To investigate whether preoperative combination of pregabalin and celecoxib is superior to either drug alone to improve the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal morphine for patients after TKA. Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of pregabalin (150 mg), celecoxib (400 mg), or in combination, administered before TKA. All patients received spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine 0.2 mg and patient-controlled analgesic morphine postoperatively. The primary outcome was 24 hours cumulative morphine consumption. Secondary outcomes included time to first dose of morphine, 0–10 Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of pain scores at rest and when moving, VAS anxiety scores, patient satisfaction 0–10 score, postoperative adverse effects, and complications. Results: One hundred patients were randomly assigned into four groups. There were no differences in the 24-h cumulative morphine consumption, time to first dose of morphine and in the results of the 24 hours of VAS pain scores at rest. Compared with the placebo group, pain scores when moving at 2 hours in the pregabalin-celecoxib group was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Significant decrease of anxiety scores were shown in the pregabalincelecoxib group at 2 hours and together with the celecoxib group at 6 hours and 24 hours postoperatively (p < 0.05). Postoperative adverse effects and complications were similar in all groups except for transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) < 92% in the pregabalin group at the end of surgery. The patient satisfaction at 24 and 48 hours after surgery was similar in all groups. Conclusion: Preoperative pregabalin, celecoxib alone, or as a combination does not improve the analgesic effect of 0.2 mg intrathecal morphine for patients after TKA. Although preoperative pregabalin with celecoxib may statistically decrease patients’ anxiety score for 24 hours postoperatively with comparable adverse effects, no clinical significance is observed.
Translating Research Into Clinical Practice: Integrating Robotics Into Neurorehabilitation for Stroke Survivors

Abstract Technological advances continue to infuse the field of neurorehabilitation with both excitement and apprehension. A challenge for clinicians is to determine which of the growing number of devices or interventions available should be incorporated into their clinical practice, and when and with whom they should be offered, in order to best assist their patients in attaining the highest level of function and quality of life. Robotics is one area of technology that has seen robust growth in rehabilitation applications, so much so that the presence of robotic devices in rehabilitation centers has become an expectation among patients, their caregivers, and therapists. Although rehabilitation robotic devices afford the opportunity to provide high doses of repetitive movement in a reliable and controllable manner, the role they play in the continuum of clinical care remains uncertain. The focus of this article is on translating the empirical evidence related to the application of rehabilitation robotics for improving lower limb and walking function in a manner that the clinician, or any stakeholder, will be able to incorporate relevant findings into clinical practice. A process is outlined and applied to a recent review of the literature related to the use of robotics for the treatment of lower limb and walking function in persons with stroke. This process provides the reader with a tool that can be applied to the translation and implementation of evidence related to any intervention for any client with neurological injury or disease.
Poststroke Hypertonicity: Upper Limb Assessment and Treatment

Abstract Hypertonicity is common in patients with upper limb dysfunction following hemiplegic stroke and is associated with greater impairment, worse function, and lower health-related quality of life. In addition to increased rest activity, abnormal patterns of muscle activation, such as spastic co-contraction, may contribute to disability. In the upper limb, flexor muscles are more commonly involved distally, and at the shoulder, spasticity of adductors, flexors, and internal rotators is most often observed. Prior to interventions, a history regarding prior interventions, comorbid diagnoses, and limitations imposed by abnormal tone should be elicited. Commonly used scales to assess hypertonicity include the Modified Ashworth, the Modified Tardieu, the Spasm Frequency, the Disability Assessment, the Fugl-Meyer, and the Motor Assessment Scales. Treatment interventions for upper limb hypertonicity include stretching, splinting, strengthening of antagonist muscles, oral medications, and focal injections (phenol or botulinum toxins). Intrathecal baclofen may also impact upper limb tone. For focal injections, correct identification of muscles contributing to problematic tone is evaluated by eliciting resistance to movement at rest and observation of patterns of tightness as the limb is used functionally. The botulinum toxins have been shown to decrease tone in stroke survivors and improve active and passive functioning. Because secondary changes such as contractures and weakness may occur with prolonged hypertonicity, therapy to improve range of motion, strengthen weakened muscles, and incorporate use of the limb should be considered following focal injections, oral medications, or intrathecal pump placement.
Meaningful Task-Specific Training (MTST) for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background/Objective: The upper extremity motor deficit is one of the functional challenges in post stroke patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the meaningful task-specific training (MTST) on the upper extremity motor recovery during the subacute phase after a stroke. Method: This was a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial in the neurology department of a university hospital and occupational therapy unit of a rehabilitation institute. A convenience sample of 103 people, 4 to 24 weeks (mean, 12.15 weeks) after the stroke, was randomized into 2 groups (MTST, 51; standard training group, 52). Subjects in the Brunnstrom stage of arm recovery of 2 to 5 were included in the study. Ninety-five participants completed the 8-week follow-up. Interventions: Participants were assigned to receive either the MTST or dose-matched standard training program based on the Brunnstrom stage and Bobath neurodevelopmental technique, 4 to 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Graded Wolf Motor Function Test (GWMFT), and Motor Activity Log (MAL) were outcome measures Results: The MTST group showed a positive improvement in the mean scores on the outcome measures at post and follow-up assessments in comparison to the control group. Further, statistically significant differences were observed in changes between the groups at post and follow-up assessment for FMA, ARAT, GWMFT, and MAL. Conclusion: The MTST produced statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in the upper extremity motor recovery of the patients who had a subacute stroke.
Using Commercial Video Games for Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation: Is This the Way of the Future?

Abstract Background: The increasing number of people living with poststroke sequelae has stimulated the search for novel ways of providing poststroke rehabilitation without putting additional stress on overburdened health care systems. One of them is the use of commercially available technology and off-the-shelf video games for hemiparetic upper limb rehabilitation. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using key word synonyms for stroke, upper limb, and video games. Included studies investigated upper limb stroke rehabilitation using commercially available consoles and video games, reported outcomes that included measures of upper limb functionality, and were published in a peer-reviewed journal written in English. Results: Thirteen studies were identified - 6 published as full articles and 7 as abstracts. Studies were generally small and only 3 were randomized. The gaming systems investigated were the Nintendo Wii (n = 10), EyeToy PlayStation (n = 2), and CyWee Z (n = 1). The Nintendo Wii appears to provide the greatest benefits to patients, with improvements seen in upper extremity function measures such as joint range of motion, hand motor function, grip strength, and dexterity. Three studies indicate that video therapy appears to be safe and that long-term improvements continue at follow-up. Conclusions: At present, the evidence that the use of commercial video games in rehabilitation improves upper limb functionality after stroke is very limited. However, this approach has the potential to provide easily available and affordable stroke rehabilitation therapy in settings where access to therapy is limited by geographical or financial constraints.