Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface‐Guided Formation of Amorphous Mixed‐Metal Oxyhydroxides on Ultrathin MnO2 Nanosheet Arrays for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution

Earth‐abundant amorphous nanomaterials with rich structural defects are promising alternative catalysts to noble metals for an efficient electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction; however, their inferior electrical conductivity and poor morphological control during synthesis hamper the full realization of their potency in electrocatalysis. Herein, a rapid surface‐guided synthetic approach is proposed to introduce amorphous and mixed‐metal oxyhydroxide overlayers on ultrathin Ni‐doped MnO2 (NiMnO2) nanosheet arrays via a galvanic replacement mechanism. This method results in a monolithic 3D porous catalyst with a small overpotential of only 232 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, which is much lower than the corresponding value of 307 mV for the NiMnO2 reference sample. Detailed structural and electrochemical characterization reveal that the unique NiMnO2 ultrathin nanosheet arrays do not only provide a large surface area to guide the formation of active amorphous catalyst layers but also ensure the effective charge transport owing to their high electron conductivity, collectively contributing to the greatly improved catalyst activity. It is envisioned that this highly operable surface‐guide synthetic strategy may open up new avenues for the design and fabrication of novel 3D nanoarchitectures integrated with functional amorphous materials for broadened ranges of applications.
Characterizing Exposure–Response Relationship for Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies in Immuno‐Oncology and Beyond: Challenges, Perspectives, and Prospects

Recent data from immuno‐oncology clinical studies have shown the exposure–response (E–R) relationship for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was often confounded by various factors due to the complex interplay of patient characteristics, disease, drug exposure, clearance, and treatment response and presented challenges in characterization and interpretation of E–R analysis. To tackle the challenges, exposure relationships for therapeutic mAbs in immuno‐oncology and oncology are reviewed, and a general framework for an integrative understanding of E–R relationship is proposed. In this framework, baseline factors, drug exposure, and treatment response are envisioned to form an interconnected triangle, driving the E–R relationship and underlying three components that compose the apparent relationship: exposure‐driven E–R, baseline‐driven E–R, and response‐driven E–R. Various strategies in data analysis and study design to decouple those components and mitigate the confounding effect are reviewed for their merits and limitations, and a potential roadmap for selection of these strategies is proposed. Specifically, exposure metrics based on a single‐dose pharmacokinetic model can be used to mitigate response‐driven E–R, while multivariable analysis and/or case control analysis of data obtained from multiple dose levels in a randomized study may be used to account for the baseline‐driven E–R. In this context, the importance of collecting data from multiple dose levels, the role of prognostic factors and predictive factors, the potential utility of clearance at baseline and its change over time, and future directions are discussed.
“Are we getting the biometric bioethics right?” – the use of biometrics within the healthcare system in Malawi

ABSTRACT Biometrics is the science of establishing the identity of an individual based on their physical attributes. Ethical concerns surrounding the appropriate use of biometrics have been raised, especially in resource-poor settings. A qualitative investigation was conducted to explore biometrics clients (n = 14), implementers (n = 12) and policy makers as well as bioethicists (n = 4) perceptions of the ethical aspects of implementing biometrics within the healthcare system in Malawi. Informed use, privacy and confidentiality as well as perceptions of benefits and harms were identified as major issues in the application of biometrics. Implementation of biometrics within the healthcare system in Malawi poses a range of potential ethical issues and practical challenges that impact on equitable uptake. There is a need for more research to explore the benefits and harms of biometrics in practice. Improved community engagement and sensitization should be a required component of biometrics introduction in Malawi.
Soil-transmitted helminth infections among school children in rural communities of Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria

We investigated stool samples of primary school pupils in four rural communities of Moro Local Government Area of Kwara State for helminthic intestinal parasites and its intensity. Four hundred and thirteen (413) pupils submitted their samples for examination. The samples were examined by wet preparation, formol ether concentration methods and Stoll’s technique to estimate the worm burden of positive stool samples. Overall prevalence of soil transmitted helminths (STH) in the four communities was 41.9%. The ova/larvae of STH parasites detected were hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloides stercoralis with prevalence of 15.4, 11.3, 8.1 and 7.1%, respectively. Generally, the intensity of parasitic infections among the pupils was moderate. STH infection was more in 15-20 years age groups than those of 5-9 years and 10-14 years. Risk factors that contributed to high prevalence of STH infections among the pupils and methods of control were discussed. Key words: Soil-transmitted helminths, parasitic intensity, Moro Local Government Area, school pupils, risk factors.
A Machine Learning Approach to Reclassifying Miscellaneous Patient Safety Event Reports

Background and Objectives Medical errors are a leading cause of death in the United States. Despite widespread adoption of patient safety reporting systems to address medical errors, making sense of the reports collected in these systems is challenging in practice. Event classification taxonomies used in many reporting systems can be complex and difficult to understand by frontline reporters, leading reporters to classify reports as “miscellaneous” as opposed to assigning a specific event-type category, which may facilitate analysis. Methods To assist patient safety analysts in their analysis of “miscellaneous” reports, we developed an ensemble machine learning natural language processing model to reclassify these reports. We integrated the model into a clinical workflow dashboard, evaluated user feedback, and compared differences in user thresholds for model performance. Results and Conclusions Integrating an ensemble model to classify “miscellaneous” event reports with an interactive visualization was helpful to patient safety analysts review “miscellaneous” reports. However, patient safety analysts have different thresholds for model reclassification depending on their role and experience with “miscellaneous” event reports.
Concealing an HIV-Positive Status in Medical Settings: Discussions in Russian Online Forums

Concealment of diagnosis is one of the most important manifestations of HIV-related stigma, which is a major barrier to addressing the growing HIV epidemic in Russia. The purpose of our research was to understand how and why people living with HIV (PLHIV) conceal their HIV status in medical settings. We analyzed data collected through two major Russian online forums for PLHIV. We found that concealing HIV status in medical settings is connected to worries about breach of confidentiality, denial of quality medical care, and judgment from health care providers. PLHIV discuss the dilemmas between risks of disclosing and potential legal or health-related consequences of concealment. We identified strategies that PLHIV use to conceal their status including falsifying medical records, hiding test results, and offering payments to doctors. Understanding status concealment is important for building more effective interactions between health care providers and PLHIV, at both the individual and the institutional levels.
The Discovery of a Putative Allosteric Site in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Using an Integrated Structural/Dynamic Approach

SARS-CoV-2 has caused the largest pandemic of the twenty-first century (COVID-19), threatening the life and economy of all countries in the world. The identification of novel therapies and vaccines that can mitigate or control this global health threat is among the most important challenges facing biomedical sciences. To construct a long-term strategy to fight both SARS-CoV-2 and other possible future threats from coronaviruses, it is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the virus action. The viral entry and associated infectivity stems from the formation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein complex with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The detection of putative allosteric sites on the viral spike protein molecule can be used to elucidate the molecular pathways that can be targeted with allosteric drugs to weaken the spike-ACE2 interaction and, thus, reduce viral infectivity. In this study, we present the results of the application of different computational methods aimed at detecting allosteric sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The adopted tools consisted of the protein contact networks (PCNs), SEPAS (Affinity by Flexibility), and perturbation response scanning (PRS) based on elastic network modes. All of these methods were applied to the ACE2 complex with both the SARS-CoV2 and SARS-CoV spike proteins. All of the adopted analyses converged toward a specific region (allosteric modulation region [AMR]), present in both complexes and predicted to act as an allosteric site modulating the binding of the spike protein with ACE2. Preliminary results on hepcidin (a molecule with strong structural and sequence with AMR) indicated an inhibitory effect on the binding affinity of the spike protein toward the ACE2 protein.
Fungal contamination of Ammi visnaga seeds, antimicrobial activity of the plant seeds secondary metabolites and detection of alkaloids and non-alkaloids compounds

Ammi visnaga, a member of the family Umbeliferae (Apiaceae). It has slightly aromatic odor and a very bitter taste. Portions of the plant are made into toothpicks (Mabberley et al, 1987). The fruits have been used in Egyptian folk medicine as diuretics and for the treatment of kidney and bladder stones (Franchi et al, 1985). Khella also has been used for the traditional management of diabetes in Israel (Yaniv et al, 1987). Visnagin, which is found in Ammi visnaga, has biological ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 2 (2014) pp. 901-914 http://www.ijcmas. com
Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channels and Calcium Dyshomeostasis in a Mouse Model Relevant to Malignant Hyperthermia.

BACKGROUND Until recently, the mechanism for the malignant hyperthermia crisis has been attributed solely to sustained massive Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum on exposure to triggering agents. This study tested the hypothesis that transient receptor potential cation (TRPC) channels are important contributors to the Ca dyshomeostasis in a mouse model relevant to malignant hyperthermia. METHODS This study examined the mechanisms responsible for Ca dyshomeostasis in RYR1-p.G2435R mouse muscles and muscle cells using calcium and sodium ion selective microelectrodes, manganese quench of Fura2 fluorescence, and Western blots. RESULTS RYR1-p.G2435R mouse muscle cells have chronically elevated intracellular resting calcium and sodium and rate of manganese quench (homozygous greater than heterozygous) compared with wild-type muscles. After exposure to 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, a TRPC3/6 activator, increases in intracellular resting calcium/sodium were significantly greater in RYR1-p.G2435R muscles (from 153 ± 11 nM/10 ± 0.5 mM to 304 ± 45 nM/14.2 ± 0.7 mM in heterozygotes P < 0.001] and from 251 ± 25 nM/13.9 ± 0.5 mM to 534 ± 64 nM/20.9 ± 1.5 mM in homozygotes [P < 0.001] compared with 123 ± 3 nM/8 ± 0.1 mM to 196 ± 27 nM/9.4 ± 0.7 mM in wild type). These increases were inhibited both by simply removing extracellular Ca and by exposure to either a nonspecific (gadolinium) or a newly available, more specific pharmacologic agent (SAR7334) to block TRPC6- and TRPC3-mediated cation influx into cells. Furthermore, local pretreatment with SAR7334 partially decreased the elevation of intracellular resting calcium that is seen in RYR1-p.G2435R muscles during exposure to halothane. Western blot analysis showed that expression of TRPC3 and TRPC6 were significantly increased in RYR1-p.G2435R muscles in a gene-dose-dependent manner, supporting their being a primary molecular basis for increased sarcolemmal cation influx. CONCLUSIONS Muscle cells in knock-in mice expressing the RYR1-p.G2435R mutation are hypersensitive to TRPC3/6 activators. This hypersensitivity can be negated with pharmacologic agents that block TRPC3/6 activity. This reinforces the working hypothesis that transient receptor potential cation channels play a critical role in causing intracellular calcium and sodium overload in malignant hyperthermia-susceptible muscle, both at rest and during the malignant hyperthermia crisis.
Research Synthesis and Thematic Analysis of Twitter Through Bibliometric Analysis

In literature, there is a shortage of comprehensive documents that can provide proper details about Twitter in research community. This study conducted a first descriptive bibliometric analysis to examine the most influential journals, institutions, and countries on Twitter. Similarly, bibliometric mapping analysis is carried out to explore different research themes in Twitter publications. VOSviewer was employed to process the 11,006 Twitter publications retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) from 2009 to 2018. Obtained results suggest that USA and China received the highest number of publications on Twitter research, while the University of Illinois was the most productive institute. Furthermore, the five major themes have emerged in Twitter publications, and its remarkable role has been found in event detection, sentiment analysis, education, health, politics, and crisis as well as risk management. The authors believe that this study will open new doors for researchers to use online Twitter social networking communities in beauty salons, consulting companies, banks, and airlines.
SW-Context: a model to improve developers' situational awareness

This study proposes SW-Context, a model focused on defining context information for software, and storing this information in contextual history. The proposed model provides qualitative information concerning source code and design issues to support the daily activities of software developers, thereby improving their situation awareness. SW-Context was evaluated through a case study in industry, in which 12 developers used it to support maintenance activities throughout one month. After this period, all developers filled out a qualitative questionnaire, which was formulated based on the well-established technology acceptance model. The obtained results suggest that 67% of developers completely agree with the usefulness and ease of use of the SW-Context. These results are encouraging and show the potential for implementing SW-Context in broader software maintenance scenarios.
Estimating Contextual Effects from Ego Network Data

Network concepts are often used to characterize the features of a social context. For example, past work has asked if individuals in more socially cohesive neighborhoods have better mental health outcomes. Despite the ubiquity of use, it is relatively rare for contextual studies to use the methods of network analysis. This is the case, in part, because network data are difficult to collect, requiring information on all ties between all actors. In this article the authors ask whether it is possible to avoid such heavy data collection while still retaining the best features of a contextual-network study. The basic idea is to apply network sampling to the problem of contextual models, in which one uses sampled ego network data to infer the network features of each context and then uses the inferred network features as second-level predictors in a hierarchical linear model. The authors test the validity of this idea in the case of network cohesion. Using two complete data sets as a test, the authors find that ego network data are sufficient to capture the relationship between cohesion and important outcomes, such as attachment and deviance. The hope, going forward, is that researchers will find it easier to incorporate holistic network measures into traditional regression models.
Enabling efficient exploration of metal–organic frameworks in the Cambridge Structural Database

As the Cambridge Structural Database reaches a record number of one million deposited structures in 2019, the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) community sees its own pool of synthesised structures continue to grow to almost 100 000 entries. The increasing number of MOFs being synthesised paved the way to an entire computational research field based on high-throughput screenings in order to i) find the best structure for a given application, ii) uncover structure–property trends to guide experimentalists towards a more rational design of MOFs. In this sense, the CSD has become a treasure trove in which computational researchers are trying to find the most relevant data. However, the wealth of information and possibilities combined with the lack of guidelines can be overwhelming and misleading, for new and experienced researchers in the field alike. In this tutorial review, we aim to look at the different ways the CSD has been used so far by the community, to present the most useful tools for efficient exploration of the CSD for MOFs applications and the future possible developments to further enhance the discovery of MOFs.
First reports of flexibacteriosis in farmed tub gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucernus L.) and wild turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in Italy

† Present address: Veterquimica S.A. , Camino a Melipilla 5641, Cerrillos, Santiago, Chile. Abstract Two episodes of flexibacteriosis caused by T. maritimum were diagnosed in wild turbot and farmed tub gurnard in Italy. The two different cases occurred in the facilities of Universtiy of Camerino during reproduction trials. A group of 10 adult turbot showed haemorrhagic, frayed fins and eroded mouth two weeks after capture from the North Adriatic Sea. The disease was controlled by antibiotic therapy. A group of 20 tub gurnard showed eroded mouth, rotten fins and severe skin ulcerative lesions, after 3 days of transportations from a fish farm to our laboratory facilities. Mortality reached 90% of the population within 9 days. Traditional bacteriological and PCR analysis of the isolates in the two episodes allowed the identification of the causative agent as Tenacibaculum maritimum. Serological characterization of the isolates demonstrated that they belonged to serotype O3. Histopathological examination showed severe skin necrosis, dermis congestion associated with heterophilic and macrophagic infiltration. Immunohistochemical analysis of skin tissue, using specific polyclonal antibody against T. maritimum serotype O3, allowed the visualisation of positive stained macrophages. These cases, which constitute the first descriptions of flexibacterioris in cultured tub gurnard and wild turbot in Italy, leads to consider T. maritimum as a potential risk for the future Italian culture of these two fish species.
Phenotypic and Genotypic (mecA gene) Characterization of Borderline Oxacillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) Isolated in Al-Hilla City

Out of 130 clinical samples, a total of 37 (28.4%) Staphylococcus aureus isolates were recovered, from skin samples, ear, blood and throat, and both urine and vagina as (75.6), (8.1%), (5.4%), and (10.8%), respectively. Results showed that 21 (56.7%) isolates were identified as β-lactam resistant. The susceptibility to 25 antibiotics were tested using disc diffusion test resulting in 80% of 21 bacterial isolates were resistant to 22 antibiotics but they were sensitive to teicoplanin, netilmicin and chloramphenicol. For detection of Borderline oxacillin resistance S.aureus (BORSA), all of 21 isolates were tested by using oxacillin disc (1mcg). Results showed that all 21 isolates were resistant to oxacillin and identified as MRSA as they were resistant to both oxacillin and cefoxitin. Two–fold agar dilution susceptibility method to oxacillin and vancomycin were performed for 21 isolates. All 21 isolates showed resistance to oxacillin, and 16 (%76) were sensitive to vancomycin while 5 (%24) decreased susceptibility to vancomycin (VISA). All 21 isolates had mecA gene and identified as MRSA and no BORSA detected in this study which lack mecA gene. ةصلاخلا
Clinical Characteristics and Exploratory Genomic Analyses of Germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations in Breast Cancer

gBRCA1/2 mutations increase the incidence of breast cancer by interrupting the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway. Although gBRCA1 and gBRCA2 breast cancer have similar clinical profiles, different molecular characteristics have been observed. In this study, we conducted comprehensive genomic analyses and compared gBRCA1/2 breast cancer. Sanger sequencing to identify gBRCA1/2 mutations was conducted in 2,720 patients, and gBRCA1 (n = 128) and gBRCA2 (n = 126) mutations were analyzed. Within this population, deep target sequencing and matched whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS) results were available for 46 and 34 patients, respectively. An internal database of patients with breast cancer with wild-type gBRCA was used to compile a target sequencing (n = 195) and WTS (n = 137) reference dataset. Three specific mutation sites, p.Y130X (n = 14) and p.1210Afs (n = 13) in gBRCA1 and p.R294X (n = 22) in gBRCA2, were comparably frequent. IHC subtyping determined that the incidence of triple-negative breast cancer was higher among those with a gBRCA1 mutation (71.9%), and estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer was dominant in those with a gBRCA2 mutation (76.2%). gBRCA1/2 mutations were mutually exclusive with PIK3CA somatic mutations (P < 0.05), and gBRCA1 frequently cooccurred with TP53 somatic mutations (P < 0.05). The median tumor mutation burden was 6.53 per megabase (MB) in gBRCA1 and 6.44 per MB in gBRCA2. The expression of AR, ESR1, and PGR was significantly upregulated with gBRCA2 mutation compared with gBRCA1 mutation. gBRCA1 and gBRCA2 breast cancer have similar clinical characteristics, but they have different molecular subtypes, coaltered somatic mutations, and gene expression patterns. Implications: Even though gBRCA1 and gBRCA2 mutations both alter HRR pathways, our results suggest that they generate different molecular characteristics and different mechanisms of carcinogenesis.