Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Studies of the Effect of Intent Information on Cockpit Traffic Displays

Intent information provides knowledge of another aircraft's current and future trajectory states. Prototype traffic displays were designed for four different levels of intent: Position, Rate, Commanded State, and FMS (Flight Management System)-Path. The current TCAS (traffic collision avoidance systems) Display, which shows altitude rate in addition to current position and altitude, was used as a baseline and represents the lowest level of intent. The Rate, Commanded State, and FMS-Path Displays show increasing levels of intent information using TCAS-like symbology in addition to incorporating a conflict probe and profile view display. An initial experiment was run on the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Part Task Flight Simulator in which eight airline pilots flew five traffic scenarios with each of the four displays. Results show that pilots had fewer separation violations and maneuvered earlier with the three intent displays. Separation violations were reduced when pilots maneuvered earlier. A second experiment was run to compare performance between displaying intent information directly and incorporating it into a conflict probe. A different set of eight airline pilots flew four traffic scenarios with the TCAS and Commanded State Displays with and without the conflict probe. Conflict probes with two minute and long range look-ahead times were tested. Displaying conflict bands or showing intent information directly both led to fewer separation violations and earlier avoidance maneuvers than the base TCAS Display. Performance was similar between the two minute and long range look-ahead conflict probes. Pilots preferred all intent displays over the TCAS Display.
A new approach to map matching for in-vehicle navigation systems: the rotational variation metric

The purpose of the map-matching module of an in-vehicle navigation system is to locate the position of the vehicle relative to the map data that is referenced by the system. Map-matching allows the display module to accurately depict to the driver the position of the vehicle on the map and facilitates operations such as route calculation, re-routing, etc. The basic approach is to compare the historical vehicular path to possible candidate paths on the map, where candidate paths are the paths on the map which lie within the general vicinity of the vehicle at any instant in time. The candidate map path which best matches the vehicle path is the most likely path on which the vehicle is located. The map display module and other modules of the navigation system use this new position for further processing. Such a map-matching module is also used in vehicle safety applications such as adaptive cruise control. This paper presents a new metric, the rotational variation metric, which provides a new method for comparing vehicular and map paths for the purpose of map-matching. The method described here is effective while being both intuitive and computationally non-intensive.
Biological and Electrochemical Studies of Macrocyclic Complexes of Iron and Cobalt

In this work, we synthesized two tetraaza [N4] macrocyclic complexes of FeIII and CoII metal ions. The synthesized macrocyclic complexes were fully characterized by using various analytical techniques IR, UV-Vis, and MS. The spectral analysis indicated an octahedral geometry for both macrocyclic complexes. The electrochemical behavior was carried out using cyclic voltammetry on the Pt dish (0.031 cm2) electrode. The complexes were shown to have unusual oxidation states for the metal ions. The “heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant” (Ko) was also calculated using “Nicholson and Kochi’s method” and observed in the order: KoCoII > KoFeIII. The antimicrobial activities of two complexes were computed against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, S. aureus, whereas antifungal activities against C. Albicans and were contrasted with the standard drug “Gentamycin”.
Sound Composition with Pulsars

Pulsar synthesis (PS) is a method of electronic music synthesis based on the generation of trains of sonic particles. It can produce either rhythms or tones as it crisscrosses perceptual time spans. The basic method generates sounds similar to vintage electronic music sonorities, with several important enhancements. The advanced method combines multiple pulsar trains and convolution with sampled sounds. Together with Alberto de Campo, the author has designed a program for pulsar synthesis called PulsarGenerator. Applications of pulsar synthesis in compositions by the author are noted.
Isochromatics demodulation from a single image using the regularized phase tracking technique

In this work we propose a robust fringe demodulation technique applied to the analysis of a single isochromatics fringe pattern produced in photoelasticity. The method used is a regularized phase tracking algorithm with a new sequential scanning technique specifically adapted for the characteristics of the isochromatic fringe patterns: possible apparition of closed fringes, large dynamic range in its spatial frequency content and low noise. The performance of the method is discussed and experimental results are presented.
High-resistivity GaN homoepitaxial layer studied by Schottky diode structure

An undoped GaN homoepitaxial layer has been grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition on a conductive free-standing bulk GaN substrate. The dislocation density of the homoepitaxial layer characterised by cathodoluminescence mapping technique is about 6 × 10 6 cm -2 . By fabricating a vertical Schottky diode structure, the resistivity of the homoepitaxial layer is estimated in the order of 10 9 Ωcm at room temperature. This study indicates that highly-resistive GaN can be produced by a homoepitaxy approach.
Salsa

While it has broad popular appeal, an instantly recognizable sound, world-famous performers, and is the subject of sundry books, articles, and movies, the music called “salsa” is, nonetheless, remarkably difficult to define or even to describe. Much that makes salsa meaningful as a musical category—including the origins and meaning of its name, the significance of its Afro-Cuban roots, the importance of Latin and especially Puerto Rican New York to its emergence, and its role as a symbol of ethnic or national identity—turns out to be hotly debated and often contested by its fans and musicians, not to mention the various scholars and journalists whose written work is cited and summarized here. We know that the use of the term “salsa” (literally “sauce”) as a marketing label first became widespread in 1970s when it was applied to a new brand of Cuban son-inspired dance music taken up predominantly by Puerto Ricans living in New York’s hardscrabble East Harlem, also known as Spanish Harlem or “El Barrio. ” That the term gained popularity only after fulfilling its function as a marketing tool for music that had clear Cuban roots is a key question that few authors fail to address—namely, whether salsa is merely a rebranded version of Cuban music or is, in reality, a new musical form that owes its provenance to the efforts of Nuyoricans, Puerto Rican New Yorkers. That many salsa performers of note including Tito Puente, Celia Cruz, and Rubén Blades have credited Cuba as the source of the music they played has unquestionably solidified the position of the Cuba camp. At the same time, many scholars have argued that salsa is different from Cuban son. This is particularly true with regard to the subject and message of salsa’s lyrics, the breadth of the musical genres on which it draws, and the social context of Latin Americans in New York City, all factors that, scholars sustain, underpin the features of salsa that are fresh, innovative, and so passionately loved by its creators and fans. The intense Cuban-or-Puerto Rican origins debate notwithstanding, some contemporary salsa scholarship has focused on the ways in which the genre has become a representative music of Latin Americans of diverse national, ethnic, and social backgrounds. These studies have examined salsa practices and performance scenes in places far removed from New York City such as Colombia, Mexico, Spain, and even as far afield as Japan, all of which has expanded our understanding of the various meanings attributed to salsa as it has spread internationally and into increasingly diverse social and cultural settings. This list of resources presents a full picture of the various positions articulated in the debate described here as well as the different theoretical foci taken up by salsa scholars, historians, and writers.
Injury patterns of older children in automotive accidents

A study of injury patterns of older children (aged 6-12 years) indicates that they may deserve more attention from automotive safety researchers. Although older children represent 43.1% of child occupants involved in accidents taken from the National Accident Sampling System (NASS) database, they receive 55.4% of the injuries suffered by children. A lower restraint usage rate partly accounts for this disproportionate amount of injury. However, when restrained, fewer older children remain uninjured compared to younger children. The number of older children receiving injuries decreases with restraint use. When comparing injuries to restrained and unrestrained older children, the injuries are generally the same severities, but restraint lead to higher proportions of pelvis/abdomen injuries while reducing the occurrence of whole body injuries. For the covering abstract of the compendium see IRRD 880073.
Renewable hydrogen production. The role of Solar Thermal Water Splitting.

In a context of environmental crisis and depletion of conventional energy resources, the current energy model based on fossil fuels is obsolete and needs to be redefined and redesigned. Hydrogen economy can represent a good alternative. To get it, developing carbon-free renewable hydrogen production processes will be crucial. This Master Thesis is focused on the ones using solar thermal energy to split water. At first, world’s energy situation is analyzed to introduce the need of alternatives like hydrogen. Then, main hydrogen production processes are classified and discussed. Nowadays 96% of hydrogen production is based on decarbonizing fossil fuels. Even though, there are different renewable alternatives developed or under developing, which are expected to take a main role in the middle and long term. Among them, thermochemical cycles are a good solution to split water using solar thermal energy, especially two-step cycles like ZnO/Zn. Taking this one as an example, viability of a large-scale hydrogen production implementation using thermochemical cycles is analyzed at different levels: solar technology, energetic efficiency and economical status and perspective. I conclude that this process is viable nowadays, except for the economical level. It requires financial support in the first states of its commercial development, but not necessarily in its middle and long term. In those, could represent a great pathway to produce carbon-free renewable hydrogen
RAO: a low-cost AUV for testing

We present an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) designed and assembled at the University of the Balearic Islands. This vehicle has been conceived to be a testing bench for the development of hardware and software related with underwater robotics. Three basic principles have guided its design and development process: low cost, modularity and portability. The vehicle is constructed with components which are either standard or which can easily be adapted to the desired purpose. The hull has been made of PVC pipe and maneuverability is made possible thanks to two longitudinal and two vertical thrusters. The ballast has been adjusted to give the whole structure slight positive buoyancy. The electronic circuits and the batteries of the system occupy the dry parts of the hull. The control hardware can be easily pulled out to be repaired or modified. Thus, different architectures can be tested on the same platform. A basic set of sensors for navigation and self-diagnosis has been used in the first version of this prototype.
Simulación numérica de los apoyos de puente metálico giratorio

Presently work some of the results of the analysis carried out to the mechanisms of support, of closing and of turn of the metallic bridge of the Beach district in Havana city (popularly known as "Iron Bridge") are shown, like initial part of a wider project that will include the repair of the whole bridge. This has more than 100 years of exploitation (from 1906) and with an almost null maintenance, that has resulted in a considerable deterioration o f the bridge. In this article the main ones characteristic and pathologies detected when inspecting the mechanisms mentioned previously are described and also are presented, the results of the numeric simulation of one of assembles of pieces of the support mechanism. This simulation profited that the support can work with an appropriate security.
New Bangladesh disaster: wells that pump poison. Death by arsenic. A special report.

In Bangladesh the discovery by chemist and environmentalist Dipankar Chakraborti that the ground water pumped by millions of tube wells is poisoned by arsenic has cast a tragic pall over a safe water program carried out over 25 years by the government with the aid of the UN Childrens Fund. Most of the pumps are 10-20 years old exactly the period of time it takes arsenic poisoning to result in death from one of the many cancers it causes. As a result experts fear that Bangladesh will experience the largest mass poisoning in history. A similar situation exists in the Indian state of West Bengal. The poisoning is manifest in skin lesions on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet of villagers. It is as yet unknown how many people are drinking the poison how long they have been doing it and when they will stop but conservative estimates are that 18 million people are involved. The World Bank has responded by offering a $32.4 million credit to the Bangladeshi government to test every one of the 3.5-4 million wells. Soil variations mean that arsenic can be present in one well and not in another a mere 10 yards away. Once contamination has been found the next problem is to find safe water for the people to drink. It took a massive effort to convert villagers to well water instead of relying on the contaminated natural ponds that caused cholera and diarrheal diseases. It will take another massive effort to convince them that the well water is poisoning them. In the meantime there is no treatment for arsenic poisoning.
Comparative transcriptome analysis identifies jasmonic pathway genes related to anther dehiscence in Solanum melongena L.

Background: Anther indehiscence is an important form of functional male sterility that can facilitate the production of hybrid seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms of anther indehiscence-based male sterility in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) have not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, we performed RNA-seq analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms of anther dehiscence in eggplant. Results: We used transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR assays to compare the anthers of normally developing (F142) and anther indehiscent (S12) eggplant. We identified 2670 differentially expressed genes between lines. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses identified 31 differentially expressed genes related to hormone biosynthesis. We therefore measured the contents of the phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA), IAA, GA3 and ABA in S12 and F142. There were no significant differences in IAA, GA3 or ABA levels between S12 and F142. However, JA levels were significantly lower in S12 than in F142. Five key genes in the JA signaling pathway were differentially expressed in S12 vs. F142. Of these, SmJAZ and SmJAR-like were significantly up-regulated and SmDAD1, SmLOX and SmCOI1 were down-regulated in S12 vs. F142. In DNA-protein interaction studies, SmLOX, SmAOC, SmOPR3, SmCOI1 and SmJAZ1 failed to be enriched on the chromatin of SmDAD1. Protein–protein interaction studies identified a direct interaction between SmDAD1 and SmLOX, but SmDAD1 failed to interact with SmAOC, SmOPR3, SmCOI1 and SmJAZ1. Conclusion: JA is an essential factor affecting anther dehiscence in eggplant. SmDAD1 interacts with SmLOX to alter JA levels, thereby regulating anther dehiscence. Our data represent a valuable resource for further exploring the regulatory mechanisms underlying anther dehiscence in eggplant.
Robot self-configuration using a physical test harness

Robot control software packages require a configuration step prior to use. The configuration requires that robot parameters such as the dimensions of the robot, the radius of its wheels, and the location of sensors in body coordinates be provided to the system. Typically, this is accomplished through manual measurement. This thesis describes a method for automating the configuration of essential robot parameters specifically the size of the wheel radii, the dimensions of the chassis, and the location of the wheelbase with respect to the body frame and compares the results of a preliminary configuration system for the CARMEN robot navigation toolkit to the parameters determined via user measurement. The method is able to estimate the parameters of morphologically analogous robots, for which the shape and sensor types are given, through the use of a physical test harness. The targeted family of robots consists of rectangular, two-wheeled, differential drive robots that are equipped with quadrature phase encoders and current-sensing capabilities. Parameters are discovered by placing the robot in a known physical environment and moving it throughout the enclosed area, performing experiments from which each of the parameters can be calculated. The resulting self-configured parameters are then compared quantitatively to user-measured parameters through several methods including a complete system comparison using the University of Michigan Benchmark (UMBmark) as the standard for comparison. The results demonstrate that while the self-configured parameters do not match user-measured values perfectly, the proposed method remains an adequate technique for automating the configuration of microbot-class robots for use with robotics toolkits. Thesis Supervisor: Seth Teller Title: Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
Operation of the helicopter antenna radiation prediction code

HARP is a front end as well as a back end for the AMC and NEWAIR computer codes. These codes use the Method of Moments (MM) and the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD), respectively, to calculate the electromagnetic radiation patterns for antennas on aircraft. The major difficulty in using these codes is in the creation of proper input files for particular aircraft and in verifying that these files are, in fact, what is intended. HARP creates these input files in a consistent manner and allows the user to verify them for correctness using sophisticated 2 and 3D graphics. After antenna field patterns are calculated using either MM or UTD, HARP can display the results on the user's screen or provide hardcopy output. Because the process of collecting data, building the 3D models, and obtaining the calculated field patterns was completely automated by HARP, the researcher's productivity can be many times what it could be if these operations had to be done by hand. A complete, step by step, guide is provided so that the researcher can quickly learn to make use of all the capabilities of HARP.
Extending a MOOS-IvP Autonomy System and Users Guide to the IvPBuild Toolbox

This document describes how to extend the suite of MOOS applications and IvP Helm behaviors distributed with the MOOS-IvP software bundle from www.moos-ivp.org. It covers (a) a straw-man repository with a place-holder MOOS application and IvP Behavior, with a working CMake build structure, (b) a brief overview of the MOOS application class with an example application, and (c) an overview of the IvP Behavior class with an example behavior, and (d) the IvPBuild Toolbox for generation of objective functions within behaviors. Approved for public release; Distribution is unlimited. This work is the product of a multi-year collaboration between the Center for Advanced System Technologies (CAST), Code 2501, of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in Newport Rhode Island and the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge Massachusetts, and the Oxford University Mobile Robotics Group. Points of contact for collaborators: Dr. Michael R. Benjamin Center for Advanced System Technologies NUWC Division Newport Rhode Island Michael.R. Benjamin@navy.mil mikerb@csail.mit.edu Prof. John J. Leonard Department of Mechanical Engineering Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Intitute of Technology jleonard@csail.mit.edu Prof. Henrik Schmidt Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Intitute of Technology henrik@mit.edu Dr. Paul Newman Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford pnewman@robots.ox. ac.uk Other collaborators have contributed greatly to the development and testing of software and ideas within, notably Joseph Curcio, Don Eickstedt, Andrew Patrikilakis, Toby Schneider, Arjuna Balasuriya, David Battle, Christian Convey, Andrew Shafer, and Kevin Cockrell. Sponsorship, and public release information: This work is sponsored by Dr. Behzad Kamgar-Parsi and Dr. Don Wagner of the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Code 311. Information on Navy public release approval for this document can be obtained from the Technical Library at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport RI.
ECONOMIC RISK ANALYSIS OF TOMATO IRRIGATION USING DESALINATED WATER BY REVERSE OSMOSIS

Groundwater desalination by reverse osmosis is an alternative being used more and more in Brazil, especially in the north‐east region, and aims to provide fresh water in isolated communities. Desalination to produce water for irrigation is a subject on which there has been minimal study. This research evaluated the economic feasibility of desalination for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) irrigation. By the Monte Carlo method, applied to the net present worth (NPW), a probabilistic analysis of risk was accomplished for tomato irrigation using 21 scenarios, comprising different irrigation waters (EC (electrical conductivity) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 dS m‐1), desalinated water and three yield levels (100, 70 and 40 Mg ha‐1) obtained under non‐saline water conditions. For each scenario, 5000 values of NPW were simulated, and net present worth expectation, E(NPW), was estimated. Desalination for tomato irrigation is just justified for waters with salinity levels higher than its salinity threshold. Tomato irrigation with desalinated water presents economic feasibility dependent on the yield level which would be reached under non‐saline conditions. Even using water with 6 dS m‐1, there was economic feasibility above 75% in desalination for tomato irrigation at all the levels of the designed yield. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.