Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Theoretical Analysis of the Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication in Elliptical Contacts With an Arbitrary Entrainment Angle

Numerical simulations of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) have been conducted by many researchers, in which the entrainment velocity is usually parallel to one of the axes of Hertzian contact ellipse. However, in some engineering applications, such as the counterformal contacts in spiral bevel and hypoid gears, entraining velocity vector may have an oblique angle that could possibly influence the lubrication characteristics significantly. Also, a vast majority of gears operate in mixed EHL mode in which the rough surface asperity contacts and lubricant films coexist. These gears are key elements widely used for transmitting significant power in various types of vehicles and engineering machinery. Therefore, model development for the mixed EHL in elliptical contacts with an arbitrary entrainment angle is of great importance. In the present paper, a recently developed mixed EHL model is modified to consider the effect of arbitrary entraining velocity angle, and the model is validated by comparing its results with available experimental data and previous numerical analyses found in literature. Based on this, numerical simulations are conducted to systematically study the influence of entrainment angle on lubricant film thickness in wide ranges of speed, load, and contact ellipticity. The obtained results cover the entire lubrication spectrum from thick-film and thin-film lubrication all the way down to mixed and boundary lubrication. In addition, minimum film thickness prediction formula is also developed through curve-fitting of the numerical results.
Aluminium Nitride Doping for Solar Mirrors Self-Cleaning Coatings

Soiling severely reduces solar mirror performance, requiring dispendious water consumption for cleaning operations and causing an increase in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). An emerging technology for facing this problem consists of developing transparent self-cleaning coatings, able to be washed with a small amount of water by virtue of the modulation of surficial wetting properties. Nevertheless, the beneficial effects of coatings decrease in the first year, and coated mirrors show even higher soiling than non-coated ones. Moreover, it is important that coating production processes are economically convenient, consistent with the intended reduction of overall costs. The aim of this work is the research and development of a cheap and scalable solution, compatible with mirror fabrication steps and, in such a sense, economically advantageous. It involves the substitution of the alumina last layer of solar mirrors with more hydrophobic, potentially auxetic aluminum compounds, such as nitrides. In particular, 2D inorganic aluminum nitride thin films doped with metals (such as aluminum and silver) and non-metals have been fabricated by means of reactive sputtering deposition and characterized for the purpose of studying their self-cleaning behavior, finding a trade-off between wetting properties, optical clarity, and stability.
Know Thyself: Monitoring and Reflecting Energy Consumption

In the last few years, a growing awareness has emerged on the impact that personal energy consumption have in the global levels of energy waste. Building on this trend, SmartMetering has focused on providing access to energy consumption data with increasing levels of granularity. In this position paper we show the results of a preliminary study of SmartMetering technology in different contexts of use. One repeating pattern observed in our studies was the relevance of the connection between metering data and usage habits. We argue that the efforts of SmartMetering are incomplete if they stop on data visualization without further supporting the change of habits in energy consumption. To illustrate our ideas, we provide a set of design sketches that move the focus from energy consumption displays towards supporting changes in personal and social behavior patterns which are ultimately the source of energy consumption.
Collector Series-Resistor to Stabilize a Broadband 400 GHz Common-Base Amplifier

The indium phosphide (InP) 130 nm double-heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) offers milliwatts of output power and high signal amplification in the lower end of the terahertz frequency band when the transistor is used in a common-base configuration. Instrumentation can directly benefit from this technology by enabling the development of novel broadband sources or synthesizers that rely on our ability to amplify the signal over enormous bandwidths. However, the design of high gain and stable amplifiers presents many obstacles and limitations as we increase the bandwidth and the carrier frequency. Here, we show that adding a series resistor at the collector terminal of the common-base transistor prevents instabilities in the terahertz monolithic integrated circuit amplifier and increases its fractional bandwidth. Adopting this technique, we report a state-of-the-art broadband common-base amplifier that exhibits a minimum small-signal gain of 18.9 dB from 325 to 477 GHz. This amplifier presents the highest fractional bandwidth and gain above 300 GHz. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of high-performance amplifiers that address the need of future terahertz electronic systems.
Applying Anti Oppressive, Empowerment, and Strengths Based Approaches to Social Work Practice with Hmong Clients

This conceptual article discusses social work practice with Hmong Americans using a framework that embraces anti-oppressive practice, empowerment and strengths-based approaches. Specifically, the Hmong kinship social construct of kwv tij neej tsa (pronounced: ku tee ning ja) is used to elaborate on the importance of upholding family relationships that transcends the worker-client relationship. Social workers are encouraged to empower Hmong to seek and ask for resources that support their collective value of connection to family and group identity, which is a strength that contributes to resilience and buffers against historically oppressive practices and systems.
Prediction of flow through swirl generator and validation by measured data

It is a well-recognized fact that reliable predictions of turbulent swirling nonpremixed flames are very difficult, especially for practical cases where application of LES methods is not feasible. It is also clear that detailed measured data of inlet velocity profiles for swirling combustion air are unavailable in practical applications. Therefore there is a need for validation of industry-standard codes for the prediction of flow through swirl generators. In this work are predictions validated by published experimental data for a swirler with guide vanes, which is similar to a typical flame holder in a staged-gas low-NOx burner. Computations are done in ANSYS Fluent v12 code using a range of frequently used moment-closure turbulence models. Impact of grid type and quality is investigated. Discussion of the results is confronted with previously published observations on this topic. The aim is to critically evaluate the applicability of computations to determine inlet boundary conditions for swirling air in industrial combustors.
Minor destructive techniques applied to the mechanical characterization of historical rubble stone masonry structures

Purpose – The analysis of ancient buildings presents professionals with important challenges, so it is necessary to have a rational methodology of analysis of these constructions. From the point of view of the technology of structures it is imperative to know the mechanical characteristics of the structural elements involved, as well as the existing stress levels. Currently the tendency is to obtain such knowledge in a non‐destructive way, producing minimal damage. The purpose of this paper is to provide a vision of some of the minor‐destructive techniques (MDT) applied to the diagnosis of historical rubble stone masonry structures.Design/methodology/approach – The paper focuses attention on the employment of techniques based on mechanical stress aspects: flat jack, hole‐drilling and dilatometer, conducted on rubble stone masonry structures. Several computational models were made of parts of the building. These models were used to obtain experimental data (modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio). The a.
Studying Voltage Transformer Ferroresonance

This study studies the effect of Circuit Breaker Shunt Resistance (CBSR), Metal Oxide Vaistor (MOV) and Neutral earth Resistance (NR) on the control of ferroresonance in the voltage transformer. It is expected that NR can controlled ferroresonance better than MOV and CBSR. Study has been done on a one phase voltage transformer rated 100 VA, 275 kV. The simulation results reveal that considering the CBSR and MOV exhibits a great mitigating effect on ferroresonance overvoltages, but these resistances cannot control these phenomena for all range of parameters. By applying NR to the system structure, ferroresonance has been controlled and its amplitude has been damped for all parameters values.
Univariate and Multivariate Machine Learning Forecasting Models on the Price Returns of Cryptocurrencies

In this study, we predicted the log returns of the top 10 cryptocurrencies based on market cap, using univariate and multivariate machine learning methods such as recurrent neural networks, deep learning neural networks, Holt’s exponential smoothing, autoregressive integrated moving average, ForecastX, and long short-term memory networks. The multivariate long short-term memory networks performed better than the univariate machine learning methods in terms of the prediction error measures.
Damage Detection at Welded Joint of Two-Dimensional Plane Model

Damage detection algorithms based on a one-dimensional beam model can detect damage within a beam span caused by flexure only but cannot detect damage at a joint with prescribed boundary conditions or at the middle part of a beam section where the neutral axis is located. Considering the damage at a welded joint of beam elements in steel structures and modeling the damage with twodimensional plane elements, this study presents a new approach to detecting damage in the depth direction of the joint and beam section. Three damage scenarios at the upper, middle, and lower parts of a welded joint of a rectangular symmetric section are investigated. The damage is detected by evaluating the difference in the receptance magnitude between the undamaged and damaged states. This study also investigates the effect of measurement locations and noise on the capability of the method in detecting damage. The numerical results show the validity of the proposed method in detecting damage at the beam’s welded joint.
Method for Modeling Crash Severity with Observable Crash Data

This paper presents a new method to rank the severity of an impact with a roadside hazard that is based on observable crash data. This method has been incorporated into the third update of the Roadside Safety Analysis Program. The equivalent fatal crash cost ratio (EFCCR) is a dimensionless value that represents the severity of a crash on a scale of zero to unity, where zero represents no chance of injury and unity represents absolute certainty of a fatal injury. The method uses a census of police-reported data, which ideally covers a range of speed limits. The purpose is to determine the severity distribution of crashes in cases in which no events preceded the crashes with the hazard under evaluation and which did not result in a penetration or a rollover. The number of unreported crashes is estimated and added into the severity distribution with the assumption that the number represents crashes that led to property damage only. The average expected crash cost is then calculated and normalized to a reference speed of 65 mph so that it is directly comparable to EFCCR values calculated for other types of hazards. Unlike the earlier subjective severity index method, the new EFCCR method has its basis in observed crash data and uses a systematic approach to calculate crash severities that can be used in benefit–cost and other safety analyses.
Multi-color 2D Datamatrix codes with poorly readable colors

Datamatrix code is a type of 2D codes that can encode much more data on the same or smaller area than the linear barcodes. This makes 2D codes usable for marking even very small items. 2D codes can be decoded by the readers in retails but also with the mobile phones equipped with camera and appropriate software. 2D codes can be depicted in different materials or printed on different printing substrates. The application of the codes is broad, from magazines and newspapers to posters and packaging. Successful reading of 2D codes is possible if the code is printed in appropriate contrast between the printing ink and substrate, like black ink printed on white matt paper. Problems can occur if the code is printed in colors. The readability of 2D Datamatrix codes printed in cyan, magenta, yellow and black was studied. Yellow is proved to be poorly readable. In addition, the bi-colored and multi-colored 2D Datamatrix codes were studied. When four colors are used in creation of the 2D Datamatrix code, poorly readable elements, yellow codewords, may cause the reading failure. 2D Datamatix codes are capable to ensure good readability even if they contain a defined number of poorly readable codewords due to the Reed – Solomon error-correction system. The aim of the study was to determine the position of yellow printed, poorly readable, codewords in multi-colored 2D Datamatrix code, where the code still remains readable.
Increasing the demand for vaccination through mHealth in Quetta City, Balochistan in Pakistan

# Background Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan by area, and the least developed. It suffers from several political, tribal and border conflicts. The distances to health facilities for the catchment population are long with limited accessibility. Immunization is one of the most cost-effective interventions to prevent deaths from vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs), especially in children. While Pakistan has an overall routine immunization coverage of 66 per cent for fully immunized children (FIC), coverage in the province of Balochistan is much lower at 29 per cent. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of introducing mHealth intervention using an artificial intelligence (AI) platform based on SMS (short-message service) and Interactive Voice Response (IVRs) to remind and persuade parents to get their children vaccinated. # Methods We employed a mixed study design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Baseline data were collected from 1,600 eligible mothers/parents within the catchment areas of 75 basic health units (BHUs) in Quetta (provincial capital of Balochistan province), and the automated platform was instituted with SMS and IVRs from EPI (Expanded Programme on Immunization) Quetta. Daily reminders and IVRs were sent to the cell numbers in the database/records. Responses were noted on the AI platform. After a period of about two months, an end line survey of 1,203 participants was undertaken with a loss of 397 (25%) participants due to seasonal migration to warmer cities in Sindh province. For the qualitative part, three key informant interviews (KII) were conducted; two KIIs with Lady Health Supervisors and one KII with the WHO staff responsible for routine immunization. There were also three focus group discussions (FGDs). # Results We found that the intervention was feasible as well as acceptable both at the community and programme management levels. The baseline indicators of immunization coverage improved significantly on end line survey (95% confidence interval, CI = 0.208-0.269; P\<0.001). # Conclusions Our study demonstrates the potential for mHealth and AI to improve childhood immunization and addresses equity in the least developed areas of this country. The replication of the strategy in subnational immunization programmes could decrease morbidity and mortality due to VPDs.
Bit-error-rate analysis of optically preamplified receivers using an eigenfunction expansion method in optical frequency domain

An accurate method of analysis is presented for optically preamplified receivers using an eigenfunction expansion technique in the optical frequency domain. Excluding three conventional simplifying assumptions on optical filters, electrical circuits, and amplified spontaneous emission, our method can give accurate predictions to the bit-error probabilities in real systems where the amplified spontaneous emission is the dominant noise. >
Misconceptions of earnings and their consequences for social stratification in vocational aspirations and attainment

ABSTRACT This paper makes two contributions to the literature on social stratification in vocational attainment. First, we evaluate whether labour market literacy, as measured by knowledge about earnings in different occupations, is socially stratified. Second, we analyse whether differences in expected earnings between high-income and low-income occupations contribute to the social stratification in vocational aspirations and attainment using serial mediation based on data from the German National Educational Panel Study. We find that students are well informed about earnings, on average, but substantially underestimate earnings in some occupations. Students from low socio-economic status (SES) families underestimate earnings more than those from high SES families, particularly earnings in high-status occupations. Therefore, low SES students expect smaller earning differences between high-income and low-income occupations than high-SES students. In turn, small expected differences between high-income and low-income occupations are associated with lower vocational aspirations as well as attainments. Differences in expected earnings of high-income and low-income occupations mediate 4% of the differences in vocational aspirations by parental SES and 2% of the differences in vocational attainment.
A side-edge frame dual-band eight-element MIMO antenna array for 5G handset

Abstract In this paper, a dual-band 8 × 8 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) array antenna operating in 3.5 GHz band (3400–3600 MHz) and 5.5 GHz band (5150–5925 MHz) for 5G mobile handset is presented. The proposed hybrid antenna includes a comb-shaped monopole and an L-shaped open slot antenna which are symmetrically located on the inner surface of the side-edge frame of smartphone. Pattern diversity is achieved that can mitigate envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs) and improve the MIMO system performances. The prototype of proposed dual-band eight-element MIMO antenna is fabricated and experimentally measured. The results show that isolation <−10 and <−15 dB, respectively in the lower band and high band without any additional decoupling element are achieved and the desired bands are satisfied under the condition of −6 dB impedance matching. Moreover, the essential parameters for evaluation of the MIMO system performance such as the ECC, mean effective gain (MEG), and ergodic channel capacity are calculated. Furthermore, the influence of user's hand on the radiation characteristics of proposed MIMO antenna are also investigated and discussed. Based on the result, the proposed MIMO antenna is a good candidate for use in future 5G applications.
Using Weighted Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation to Assess Capacity of Students Major in Network

Computer network is a popular major in China, which involving broad and deep professional knowledge. Exam results cant reflect the professional capacity of students, so a hierarchical model is constructed to evaluate students capability major in computer network. FCE and AHP are used here to realize a weighted fuzzy comprehensive and quantitative evaluation on the students' overall ability. It can help educators and students improve their inspiration and training models.
Modeling and base parameters identification of legged robots

Abstract This paper first uses a decoupling modeling method to model legged robots. The method groups all the degrees of freedom according to the number of limbs, regarding each limb as a manipulator with serial structure, which greatly reduces the number of dynamic parameters that need to be identified simultaneously. On this basis, a step-by-step identification method from the end-effector link to the base link, referred to as “E-B” identification method, is proposed. Simulation verification is carried out on a quadruped robot with 16 degrees of freedom in Gazebo, and the validity of the method proposed is discussed.
Fractional-order iterative learning control for robotic Arm-PD2Dα type

In this paper, a new open-loop PD2D? type a fractional order iterative learning control (ILC) is studied for joint space trajectory tracking control of a linearized uncertain robotic arm. The robust convergent analysis of the tracking errors has been done in time domain where it is theoretically proven that the boundednesses of the tracking error are guaranteed in the presence of model uncertainty. The convergence of the proposed open-loop ILC law is proven mathematically using Gronwall integral inequality for a linearized robotic system and sufficient conditions for convergence and robustness are obtained.
Design and Performance Evaluation of Solar Water Distillation Plant

Pure water is most essential for human life. But it is not available and rare in most of the place in the world. Pure water is not only important for drinking purpose but also for other issue such as boiler make up or feed water, distilled water for medical uses etc. Hence purifying water is the demand of time. Water purifying is an energy consuming process but our conventional energy resource is limited. In that case alternative renewable energy resources can give us better solution. Solar energy is available resource and gives an optimum solution for this experimental purpose. Designed solar water distillation plant has two parts. Upper part is made by glass and a copper plate for absorbing heat inside it. Proper Insulator is attached behind this arrangement. A small container is linked below it by a small elbow, condensed pure water stored in this container. The lower part is made by cellulite. The cellulite box contain wick. This wick spread from the ground to the backside of copper plate. The wick absorbs the ground water and conveys it up to glass box where this water is evaporated in presence of solar energy. Total system is completely air tight. This plant works quit well but its performance is most depended on wick material. A composite wick material can gives better result.
On quality of test sets: relating fault coverage to defect coverage

The true quality of a test set can be evaluated by estimating its coverage of arbitrary defects. In evaluating the quality of test sets, test vectors were generated from different test generators. We estimate the corresponding defect coverages for these test sets of varying lengths, generated by different test generators. The coverage estimation is performed using a region based model, in which it is independent of specific, physical, fault models. Experimental results show that similar fault coverages of varying test set sizes yield similar defect coverage. Further, similar activity and observability levels were observed in spite of the fact that test sets were generated with different methods and had different sizes.