Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deriving predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) using a novel assessment factor method

Abstract Ecological risk assessments of substances with limited ecotoxicity datasets typically employ an assessment factor (AF) method to determine a predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) needed for risk characterization. A PNEC is usually derived by dividing the lowest toxicity value in the substance’s dataset by a certain assessment factor. The AF method, in its various iterations, has been used for decades, and has been criticized for its uncertainty, inaccuracy, over-conservatism, high variability, and lack of transparency. A novel assessment factor method is proposed as an alternative to traditional AF methods. The proposed method offers novel features attempting to address these criticisms: it breaks the factor down into three components - endpoint standardization, extrapolation for species variation, and mode-of-action consideration (each of which has sub-components). This method also accommodates the inclusion of read-across and modeled data to fill data gaps for the substance. In addition, it better manages atypical datasets and atypical endpoints. Finally, and paramount to this endeavor, this novel method improves consistency among risk assessors, and can increase transparency of the entire PNEC derivation process to all stakeholders.
Modeling and thermal analysis of micro beam using COMSOL multiphysics

In this study, the design and analysis of the micro beam is carried out using COMSOL multiphysics. The current passing through the beam distributes the heat energy due to its resistance that pushes the entire micro beam to the desired distance through thermal expansion. This expansion varies depending on the amount of current passing through the beam and the emitted temperature. The purpose of the model created is to estimate the amount of current and temperature increase required to cause displacement in the proposed micro beam using analysis software. In addition, displacements and temperature data produced in micro beams for different metallic materials (Al, Cu, Ni, and Pt) and different input potentials (0.3 V, 0.6 V, and 0.9 V) are reported. These materials are used as functional materials in the field of micro-electro-mechanical-system because of their important physical and electrical properties. As a result of the simulation studies, increasing the voltage increased the displacement in the materials and the resulting temperature. While there is a serious difference between the displacement data of the materials, the temperatures are close to each other. When 0.9 V voltage is applied, the highest displacement values for Al, Cu, Ni, and Pt are; 7.88 ? m, 5.36 ? m, 3.62 ? m, and 2.72 ? m, respectively. As a result, it has been observed that aluminum used in micro beam design gives a significant amount of dis? placement for the proposed geometry when compared to other metallic beams.
Quantitative estimation of tannins by HPLC

A High Performance Liquid Chromatography method has been developed and quantitative estimation of tannins in Pueraria tuberosa (Fabaceae) using aqueous extract, very simple method has been performed. Nucleosil® C18 column was used with methanol (HPLC Grade) and water as mobile phase with ratio (50:50) with pH 4.5, at flow rate of 1 mL/min, UV detection performed at 270 nm. Total run time was 12 min and tannic acid was eluted at retention time of 3.1 minute. Calibration plots of tannic acid standard were linear over concentration range 0-60 μg/mL with respect to the mean area.
LightKV: A Cross Media Key Value Store with Persistent Memory to Cut Long Tail Latency

—Conventional persistent key-value stores widely adopt LSM-Tree to manage data across memory and disk. However, expensive write ahead logging, inefﬁcient cross-media indexing and write ampliﬁcation are three limitations faced by LSM-Tree based key-value store. Thanks to the development of non-volatile memory (NVM), persistent key-value stores can exploit NVM-based persistent memory (PM) to directly persist data avoiding costly logging. With this design choice, we propose LightKV a cross media key-value store with persistent memory. To support efﬁcient cross-media indexing, we design a global index Radix-Hash Tree (RH-Tree) consisting of the upper-layer radix tree and hash table based leaf nodes. We explore the speciﬁc features of real PM product to balance the persistency and performance of RH-Tree. Meanwhile, replying on the range partition of RH-Tree, LightKV organizes key-value pairs with the same key preﬁx into SSTables within the same partition. LightKV then conducts partition-based data compaction with carefully-controlled compacted data volumes. By doing so, LightKV greatly reduces write ampliﬁcation. We evaluate LightKV against state-of-the-art PM-based key-value stores NoveLSM and SLM-DB as well as LevelDB and RocksDB. The experiment results show that LightKV reduces write ampliﬁcation by up to 8.1x and improves read performance by up to 9.2x. Due to the reduced write ampliﬁcation, LightKV also reduces read tail latency by up to 18.8x under read-write mixed workload.
A crystal chemical study of montroseite and paramontroseite.

Montroseite, (V, Fe)O(OH), has been shown by Evans and Block to have a structure analogous to that of diaspore, AIO(OH). Altered crystals of montroseite give multiple r-ray pattems showing one sharp orthorhombic lattice corresponding to the host crystal and two diffuse lattices of similar symmetry and dimensions in parallel orientation. The more prominent of the difiuse phases is interpreted as a metastable form of VO2, resulting from the oxidation of the host crystal, and is given the name "paramontroseite". Paramontroseite has a:4.89, b:9.39, and c:2.93 A. , with space group Pbnm. The structure of boti montroseite and paramontroseite has been completely refined by electron density syrrthesis and least squares analysis. The outstanding difference between the two structures lies in the length of the oxygen-oxygen distance corresponding to the hydrogen bond in montroseite. This length increases from 2.63 to 3.87 A. , in going from montroseite to paramontroseite, indicating the loss of hydrogen during the alteration. The concept of an alteration process involving a migration of ions and electrons through an unbroken oxygen framework is thus directJy supported by the crystal structure analyses, and also by other *-ray difiraction and chemical information. The postulated alteration mechanism is illustrated by certain other examples, notably the alteration of lepidocrocite and magnetite to maghemite, and of goethite to hematite.
Comparison of flaxseed oil characteristics of three Pakistani varieties obtained by supercritical CO2 and two conventional extraction methods

Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids have gained importance for having health effects. The present work was designed to analyse the differences in three Pakistani flaxseed varieties and the effect of extraction methods on flaxseed oil quality. The oil was extracted using green solvent i.e. supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) and compared with traditional methods namely Soxhlet extraction and mechanical extraction. The oils were significantly different in terms of free fatty acids, iodine values, and peroxide values, while oils were insignificantly different in terms of specific gravity, saponification values, ρ-anisidine values, and tocopherol contents. GC-FID results showed that α-linolenic acid (ω-3) was the major fatty acid in oil, ranging from 52.09 to 58.06%. The variation in the different parameters of oils observed in the present work might be correlated with the principle of each type of oil extraction method. Supercritical fluid extraction of flaxseed oil should be employed as it yields superior quality oil by extracting tocopherols and protecting the polyunsaturated oil from oxidation.
Chromosome and Molecular Analyses Reveal Significant Intraspecific Karyotype Diversity and Provide New Evidence on the Origin of Tetraploid Grass Aegilops columnaris

Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. is tetraploid grass species (2n=4x=28, UcUcXcXc) closely related to Ae. neglecta and growing in Western Asia and a western part of the Fertile Crescent. Genetic diversity of Ae. columnaris was assessed using C-banding, FISH, nuclear and chloroplast (cp)DNA analyses, and gliadin electrophoresis. Cytogenetically Ae. columnaris was subdivided into two groups, C-I and C-II, showing different karyotype structure, C-banding and FISH patterns. Group C-I was more similar to Ae. neglecta. All types of markers revealed significant heterogeneity of the C-II group, although group C-I was also polymorphic. Two chromosomal groups were consistent with plastogroups identified in a current study based on sequencing of three chloroplast intergenic spacer regions. The similarity of group C-I of Ae. columnaris with Ae. neglecta and their distinctness from C-II indicate that divergence of the C-I group was associated with minor genome modifications. Group C-II could emerge from C-I relatively recently, probably due to introgression from another Aegilops species followed by a reorganization of the parental genomes. Most C-II accessions were collected from the very narrow geographic region, and they might originate from a common ancestor. We suggest that the C-II group is at the initial stage of species divergence and undergoing an extensive speciation process.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS E DA RESISTÊNCIA DE UNIÃO À DENTINA DE RESINAS COMPOSTAS BULK-FILL COM DIFERENTES VISCOSIDADES

The aims of this study were to: (1) evaluate microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of flowable and nonflowable bulk-fill composites to dentin from gingival walls of Class II MOD cavities after thermo-mechanical load cycling; (2) evaluate the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and flexural strength (FS) of two bulk-fill composites as function of increment thickness; (3) determine the degree of conversion (DC) of a high viscosity bulk-fill composite. Three composite resins were used: a conventional composite (TEC Tetric EvoCeram), a highviscosity bulk-fill composite (TECB Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill) and a lowviscosity bulk-fill composite (TEFB -Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill Flow). Composites were applied in MOD cavities with proximal boxes of 4 and 6 mm depth. Conventional composite was placed incrementally and bulk-fill composites were placed in bulk. Restored teeth were subjected to 350.000 thermo-mechanical cycles. Afterwards, teeth were sectioned into beams with a cross-sectional bonded area of approximately 1 mm. Bonded beams obtained from the gingival walls of the proximal boxes were tested in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. For UTS and FS tests, 6-mm thick specimens were prepared for each composite. Molds were bulk-filled with composite and light-cured for 20 s. Samples were sectioned horizontally to obtain 3 hourglass-shaped specimens for UTS and 3 rectangular bars-shaped specimens for FS (2, 4 and 6 mm). For UTS, specimens were tested in tension. For FS, the three-point bending test was performed until failure occurred. Additionally, DC was obtained for TECB at 2, 4 and 6 mm. No significant differences in μTBS values were observed between 4 and 6 mmdepth proximal boxes for all composites tested (p>0.05). However, bulk-fill composites presented significantly higher μTBS values than the incrementally placed conventional composite (p<0.05). μTBS values for the flowable and nonflowable bulk-fill composites were not significantly different. The DC for TECB presented the highest values at 2 mm, which were significantly higher than 4 mm (p<0.05), and decreased significantly for 6 mm specimens (p<0.05). Both lowand high-viscosity composites presented higher flexural strength than the conventional composite when cured in 4-mm thick bulk increments. However, FS of the low-viscosity bulk-fill composite was significantly lower than the conventional composite at 2 mm. Bond strength to the gingival walls of Class II cavities did not differ between 4 and 6 mm-deep proximal boxes, however bulk-fill composites performed significantly better than the incrementally placed conventional composite. According to the results of the present investigation, both bulk-fill composites proved to be a reliable alternative for restoration of posterior teeth.
Joint inversion of full-waveform GPR and ER data. Part 2: enhancing low frequencies with the envelope transform and cross-gradients

Recovering material properties of the subsurface using ground penetrating radar (GPR) data of finite bandwidth with missing low frequencies, and in the presence of strong attenuation is a challenging problem. We propose three non-linear inverse methods for recovering electrical conductivity and permittivity of the subsurface by joining GPR multi-offset and electrical resistivity (ER) data acquired at the surface. All methods use ER data to constrain the low spatial-frequency of the conductivity solution. The first method uses the envelope of the GPR data to exploit low frequency content in full-waveform inversion and does not assume structural similarities of material properties. The second method uses cross-gradients to manage weak amplitudes in the GPR data by assuming structural similarities between permittivity and conductivity. The third method uses both the envelope of the GPR data and the cross-gradient of the model parameters. By joining ER and GPR data, exploiting low frequency content in the GPR data, and assuming structural similarities between electrical permittivity and conductivity we are able to recover subsurface parameters in regions where the GPR data has a signal-to-noise ratio close to one.
Efficient Genetic K-Means in Healthcare Domain

Data mining has become an important task to explore the hidden pattern in the data especially in healthcare domain. Increasing health concerns that are interrelated have led to a wide application of health data mining in most healthcare facilities. This paper studies the application of K-means clustering algorithm as one of the data mining application in the healthcare domain. The proposed K-means is an optimized version where it combines the power of Self organizing Map (SOM), Genetic algorithm along with a novel method called Optimized Cluster Distance (OCD) to enhance the quality of the clusters. Self organizing Map (SOM) technique is applied to calculate the optimal number of clusters without providing any number as an input as in the case of traditional K-means. By applying the algorithm to two different healthcare datasets, the proposed method shows a significant improvement in clustering performance and minimizing within cluster distances. The algorithm is successfully evaluated to provide a better quality of clusters compared to other clustering techniques. The paper also shows the clusters accuracy of the proposed algorithm as well as noticeable relationships and insights among clusters using data visualization techniques.
Factors influencing implementation of the GLA:D Back, an educational/exercise intervention for low back pain: a mixed-methods study

ABSTRACT Introduction and aims: Guidelines for low back pain (LBP) management recommend patient education and exercises. GLA:D Back, a structured group-based patient-education exercise program for LBP, facilitates evidence-based care implementation. This study aimed to inform on the implementation processes, assessing clinician-related factors. Objectives were to describe profiles of implementers and nonimplementers by demographics, and responses to the tailored version of the Determinants of Implementation Behaviour Questionnaire (DIBQ-t) qualitatively explore clinician perspectives on implementation, and compare the results of the DIBQ-t with the interview data to evaluate their fit of integration for facilitators, barriers, and new insights. Methods: A mixed-methods parallel design study was conducted. Physiotherapists and chiropractors, educated in the GLA:D Back program, were asked to complete the DIBQ-t (measuring theoretical determinants of implementation) 6 months after their training. Implementers and nonimplementers of the program were selected for interviews. Qualitative data were used to understand clinicians’ viewpoints on implementation, providing a broader perspective on the quantitative data and exploring new aspects. Results: More physiotherapists than chiropractors implemented the program. Implementers responded more positively on most domains of the DIBQ-t. The interviews revealed three themes important for implementation: personal gain, practicalities, and buying-in on the program. Clinicians’ attitudes to the program appeared additionally as relevant to implementation. Conclusion: The profession of the clinician was associated with implementation behavior. Implementers and nonimplementers identified the same themes but perceived them as either positive or negative. Both groups reported high levels of knowledge and skills, indicating that training alone is insufficient for implementation.
Improved Jiles-Atherton Hysteresis Model for Converter Transformer Controlled Switching Assessment in Nelson River Bipole III HVDC System

Controlled switching (CS) technology considering remanence flux had been successfully verified in conventional AC applications on transformers of single-phase units with a delta-connected winding and / or with a three-limb core via a process termed flux equalization [1-4]. The adaptation of CS in Nelson River Bipole III HVDC system reflected the latest technology and a world-first HVDC application. There were uncertainties on accuracy of CS flux estimation under various HVDC operating conditions during normal or protection initiated emergency shut-down of valve group (VG) and converter transformers, as well as the effectiveness of CS control strategy for a pair of converter transformers with a three-phase five-limb core switched by a common circuit breaker.
Multi-Agent Graph-Attention Communication and Teaming

High-performing teams learn effective communication strategies to judiciously share information and reduce the cost of communication overhead. Within multi-agent reinforcement learning, synthesizing effective policies requires reasoning about when to communicate, whom to communicate with, and how to process messages. We propose a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm, Multi-Agent Graph-attentIon Communication (MAGIC), with a graph-attention communication protocol in which we learn 1) a Scheduler to help with the problems of when to communicate and whom to address messages to, and 2) a Message Processor using Graph Attention Networks (GATs) with dynamic graphs to deal with communication signals. The Scheduler consists of a graph attention encoder and a differentiable attention mechanism, which outputs dynamic, differentiable graphs to the Message Processor, which enables the Scheduler and Message Processor to be trained end-to-end. We evaluate our approach on a variety of cooperative tasks, including Google Research Football. Our method outperforms baselines across all domains, achieving ≈ 10% increase in reward in the most challenging domain. We also show MAGIC communicates 23 . 2% more efficiently than the average baseline, is robust to stochasticity, and scales to larger state-action spaces. Finally, we demonstrate MAGIC on a physical, multi-robot testbed.
Novel Authentic and Ultrafast Organic Photorecorders Enhanced by AIE‐Active Polymer Electrets via Interlayer Charge Recombination

Organic photonic memory, featuring a variety of glamorously light‐driven characteristics, is rapidly growing into an indispensable building block for next‐generation optical communication systems. However, the ambiguity of their operating mechanism associated with the limitation of photoadaptive materials as an electronics promoter results in the slow development of photonic transistor‐based devices. In this study, the conjugated polymers composed of donor–acceptor motifs with typical aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behaviors are designed and successfully discover high‐performance photoprogrammable memory. Moreover, the mechanism of photoboosted recording behavior, attributed to the recombination of the formed interlayer excitons right after simultaneous excitation without applying vertical and parallel electric‐field at the interface in‐between active semiconductor and AIE polymers, is cautiously corroborated by steady‐state PL and pulse PL measurements. The AIE‐polymer memory devices perform ultrafast photoresponse time of 0.1 ms, an outstanding current switch ratio up to 106, and retention stability over 40 000 s without significant dissipation. Furthermore, photoresponsive AIE‐polymer electrets not only modulate the memory performance through the emission wavelength but easily switch storage behavior of nonvolatile memory from flash to WORM by adjusting the torsion‐angle through the motif of the donor and acceptor moieties. These findings open an avenue for designing conjugated polymer electret for ultrafast optical storage devices.
Neural Machine Translation Techniques Used By Google

Google’s Neural Machine Translation System employs multiple techniques in conjunction to improve translation accuracy and eﬃciency. In this paper we summarize two of the techniques used by Google in their Neural Machine Translation System: the attention network model and the residually connected network model. The attention network model extends the encoder-decoder network model by adding an attention mechanism. The attention mechanism allows for proper encapsulation of information for longer sentences; the amount of information given to the decoder network is based on the length of the input sentence. The attention network model outperforms the encoder-decoder model and provides more accurate translations for longer sentences.
Tornado Privacy Solution Cryptographic Review

Let B = {0, 1}. Let e be the pairing operation used in SNARK proofs, which is defined over groups of prime order q. Let H1 : B∗ → Zp be a Pedersen hash function defined in [Pedb]. Let H2 : (Zp,Zp) → Zp be the MiMC hash function [AGR+16] defined as a MiMC permutation in the Feistel mode in a sponge mode of operation. Let T be a Merkle tree of height 16, where each non-leaf node hashes its 2 children with H2. It is initialized with all leafs being 0 values. Later the zero values are gradually replaced with other values from Zp. Let O(T , l) be the Merkle opening for leaf with index l (value of sister nodes on the way from leaf l to the root, denoted by R ) in tree T . Let us call k ∈ B a nullifier and r ∈ B a randomness. Let us denote an Ethereum address of the coin recipient by A. Let S[R, h,A, f ] be the following statement of knowledge with public values R, h,A, f :
Consolidating Pornographic contents in Bollywood Movies: A study in the context of Digital India

Bollywood movies have witnessed a drastic change in its content with the rapid digitalisation in India. Its content is now influenced from the daily chores on the social media platforms and the kind of contents that most of the younger generations spend time on. This paper attempts at the understanding of pornographic contents as the dominant issue in Bollywood movies with its rise of consumption among the younger generation on social media platforms today. The paper undertakes a qualitative investigation about the penetration of pornographic contents into different forms and art involved in the cinema. The manifestation of pornographic contents through various media/channels in the Bollywood movies during the age of ‘Digital India’ have also been traced down in this paper to draw a clear picture of the position of Bollywood movies and visualise future.