Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subsynchronous resonance performance tests of the Slatt thyristor-controlled series capacitor

A thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) has been designed, installed, and field tested on the Bonneville Power Administration 500 kV transmission system. The Slatt TCSC is a variable series capacitor with high control bandwidth. Field test results demonstrate that this TCSC does not participate in or contribute to subsynchronous resonance (SSR). It is SSR neutral in itself, and it can reduce SSR effects due to other nearby conventional series capacitors.
Relationship between mask wearing, testing, and vaccine willingness among Los Angeles County adults during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background Mask wearing mitigates the spread of COVID-19; however, many individuals have not adopted the protective behavior. Purpose We examine mask wearing behavior during the height of the pandemic in Los Angeles County, and its association with COVID-19 testing and willingness to get vaccinated. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey using representative sampling between December 2020 and January 2021, through an online platform targeting Los Angeles County residents. Survey items include demographic characteristics, health conditions, access to health care, mask wearing, COVID-19 testing, exposure risk factors, and willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. We performed logistic regression models to examine factors associated with always mask wearing. Results Of the analytic sample (n = 1,984), 75.3% reported always wearing a face mask when leaving home. Being a female, Asian or African American, or non-Republican resident, or having higher education, having poor or fair health, having a regular doctor, knowing someone hospitalized for COVID-19, and being willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine were associated with always wearing a mask. Residents who were younger, had a highest risk health condition, and had ≥2 COVID-19 tests had lower odds of always mask wearing. Conclusion Mask wearing guidelines are easing; however, as vaccination rates plateau and new virus variants emerge, mask wearing remains an important tool to protect vulnerable populations. Encouraging protective measures among younger adults, those with less education, republicans, men, and White residents—groups that are least likely to be vaccinated or wear a mask—may be critical to reducing transmission.
Strategies to Extend the Network Life Time of MWSN with Self- Organization Clustering

In wireless sensor networks, the methods for both data collection and data transmission to base station are important factors for sensor node energy consumption. We can transmit the data generated by each node more efficiently using clustering. One of the clustering methods, self-organization clustering, cannot guarantee homogeneous head-node selection. We suggest the adjusted-TTC method, which improves the capacity of the TTC to select a head-node evenly and efficiently in the network field through 2-tier clustering. Adjusted-TTC prioritizes a head-node at the first stage by removing headnodes that are too close to the other head-nodes in the network field. This improves the data transmission energy efficiency among sensor nodes by reducing the number of nonreceiving advertisement messages.
Radiative Effects of Particular Matters on Ozone Pollution in Six North China Cities

While the particulate matters (PM) concentration has been reduced across North China in recent years, the surface ozone level has been increasing in many cities in the region. There is a widely held speculation that the elevated ozone level was caused by increased solar radiation due to the reduced PM level in recent years. This study quantifies the radiation effect of PM on O3 by analyzing data from years 2013 to 2018 in six major cities in North China. We first evaluate PM's effect on the radiation by controlling meteorological factors to radiation, which include the cloud cover, the humidity and time of the day. The PM's effect on the radiation was statistically significant in all six cities, but was the least significant among all significant factors. The PM's radiative effect on the ozone was also statistically significant, but the average ozone increase due to the decreased PM level was rather small, ranging from 0 to 0.12 μg/m3 (0–0.056 ppb) in the spring and 0–0.36 μg/m3 (0–0.168 ppb) in the summer per 10 μg/m3 PM reduction. Therefore, the wide spread spring‐summer increase of the ozone level in North China should not be attributed to the radiation increase caused by the reduced PM.
Livelihood Assets and Income Generating Activities: A Comparative Analysis in the Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Areas of Jharkhand

The main objective of the article is to identify different types of livelihood assets, income generating activities (IGAs) and choices of these activities by households across social groups in the Fifth and non-Fifth Scheduled areas of Jharkhand in eastern India. It is based on a primary survey of 785 households randomly selected across caste and Scheduled Tribe groups in Giridih and Latehar districts of Jharkhand. K-means clustering is applied for determination of latent class activity clusters and Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) model used for understanding the importance of livelihood assets in determining livelihood activity cluster (LC) for income generation. Further, discriminant analysis is applied to obtain probability of choice of individual households in determining livelihood generating activity. The analysis shows that forest-based activity remains a better livelihood support system in the Fifth Scheduled areas, which is less significant and further diminishing in the non-Fifth Scheduled areas. Rural households engaged in a diverse set of IGAs to obtain additional income to reduce risk and maintain a balanced consumption. Occupational transition is marked by the decline of agriculture and increasing reliance on daily-wage activities as the primary source of income. Other traditional livelihood activities such as animal husbandry and the collection of forest produce have less scope for income in the absence of institutional support.
Trading hardware with medium reservation to tackle scalability in low‐cost, single‐channel LoRa networks

LoRa is actually one of the most popular LPWAN technologies for IoT applications, due to its low‐power and long‐range transmissions. A single low‐cost, single‐channel LoRa Gateway is able to cover a large number of End‐Devices spread over a wide area. Gateway diversity is traditionally used to reduce the impact of packet losses: adding more Gateways can increase both delivery ratio and goodput, even when using a pure‐ALOHA access policy. However, such solution can be cost‐expensive and the adoption of control‐based medium access strategies, without violating the duty‐cycle constraints, can be, in some situations, a better option. In this letter, we compare the effectiveness of Gateway diversity against a medium access protocol with channel reservation. We evaluate if and in which scenarios, relatively to delivery ratio and goodput, in a single communication channel, it is better to add more Gateways to the system (hardware) or adopt a reservation protocol (software) for tackling the scaling‐up of the number of End‐Devices.
Associations of At-Risk Drinking, Current Smoking, and Their Co-Occurrence With Primary Care Service Utilization

Purpose Smoking and at-risk drinking are each associated with lower primary care utilization, but the influence of their co-occurrence is not known. The current study compared associations of endorsement of one behavior vs endorsement of both with primary care utilization. Design Cross-sectional telephone survey. Setting All United States and Territories. Subjects 246 801 adults aged 18–64. Measures The outcome was endorsement of attending a past-year primary care visit. Predictor variables included drinking and smoking status examined individually and combined. Analysis Multivariable logistic regressions, adjusted for socio-demographics and number of chronic health conditions. Results The odds of attending a past-year primary care visit were 24% lower for persons who drank at risk levels compared to the odds of persons who did not drink and 36% lower for persons who smoked vs those who did not smoke. Among persons who endorsed at least one risk behavior, the odds of attending a past-year primary care visit were 25–35% lower for those who engaged in multiple behaviors compared to the odds of persons who engaged in one behavior. Conclusion Substance use screening and intervention services in primary care may not be reaching individuals with the greatest need for services. Proactive outreach and identification of primary care utilization barriers are needed, with special consideration of those with co-occurring substance use.
Supply chain model based simulation and optimization

Supply chain model based simulation and optimization in the field of needs planning, production scheduling and distribution, as well as transportation, is becoming more and more important; especially for companies which are strictly or mainly driven by customer orders. Customers ask for ever shorter delivery times, and delivery reliability has become a critical success factor for many companies, particularly for many SMEs. This paper deals with an intelligent toolset for modelling, simulation and optimization of supply chain management in connection with just in time production processes and distributions for user companies, which has currently considerable problems with their capacity utilisation.
New structure Si field emitter arrays with low operation voltage

New structure sub micron size Si field emitter arrays (FEA's) with low operation voltage, and their unique fabrication technologies suitable for realizing the uniform emitter structures are proposed. Two types of FEA's with "tower" structure, which is close to "ideal" vertical structure, and with "cocktail glass" structure, which is an optimum disk edge type lateral structure, have been fabricated, and field emission at low gate voltage of around 10 V has been demonstrated for both structures. <<ETX>>
Calibration and testing facility for resistance welding current monitors

The lack of uniform and traceable measurement of pulsed high currents (1-200 kA) utilized in the resistance welding process has long been a problem in the welding community. A testing facility utilizing equipment and knowledge gained in the Department of Energy programs is being made available to the American welding industry to solve these problems. Problems in making these measurements traceable to national standards and proposed solutions are presented. Test equipment and methods are described that will be used to evaluate current-sensing coils and weld-current monitors. Comparison of positional errors for various current-sensing coils is presented, including a recently developed, machinable Rogowski coil.
Transposable elements mediate genetic effects altering the expression of nearby genes in colorectal cancer

It has been suggested that transposable elements (TE) play a role in tumourigenesis, but the associated mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show, using colorectal cancer data and Bayesian Networks, that TEs can mediate the effect of expression quantitative trait loci and contribute to the regulation of cancer-related genes. Transposable elements (TEs) are prevalent repeats in the human genome, play a significant role in the regulome, and their disruption can contribute to tumorigenesis. However, TE influence on gene expression in cancer remains unclear. Here, we analyze 275 normal colon and 276 colorectal cancer samples from the SYSCOL cohort, discovering 10,231 and 5,199 TE-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in normal and tumor tissues, respectively, of which 376 are colorectal cancer specific eQTLs, likely due to methylation changes. Tumor-specific TE-eQTLs show greater enrichment of transcription factors, compared to shared TE-eQTLs suggesting specific regulation of their expression in tumor. Bayesian networks reveal 1,766 TEs as mediators of genetic effects, altering the expression of 1,558 genes, including 55 known cancer driver genes and show that tumor-specific TE-eQTLs trigger the driver capability of TEs. These insights expand our knowledge of cancer drivers, deepening our understanding of tumorigenesis and presenting potential avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Investigation and improvement of the staggered labyrinth seal

Recent studies on staggered labyrinth seals have focused on the effects of different parameters, such as the pressure ratio and rotational speed on the leakage flow rate. However, few investigations pay sufficient attention to flow details and the sealing mechanism, which would be of practical importance in designing seals having higher performance. This paper establishes a theoretical model to study the seal mechanism, thus revealing that leakage is determined by the pressure ratio and geometric structure. Numerical simulation is implemented to illustrate details of the flow field within the seal structure. Viscous dissipation is used to quantitatively investigate the contribution that each location makes to the seal performance, revealing that orifices and stagnation points are the most important positions in the seal structure, generating the most dissipation. The orifice is carefully studied by using the theoretical model. Experiments for different pressure ratios are conducted and the results match well with those of the theoretical model and numerical simulation, verifying the theoretical model and analysis of the seal mechanism. Three new designs, based on a good understanding of the seal mechanism, are presented, with one reducing leakage by 24.5%.
Diagnosis, assessment and optimisation of the design and operation of municipal MBRs

This thesis is based on diagnosing, assessing and optimising the design and operation of membrane bioreactors (MBR) used for treating municipal wastewater. Specifically, this thesis has been carried out within the framework of seven municipal MBR wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) located in Catalonia with the collaboration of the Catalan Water Agency. Firstly, the design and operational issues of MBRs have been diagnosed, together with determining the main operational problems related to this technology. Secondly, the optimisation strategies applied in each full-scale MBR and the resulting costs were assessed. Finally, two of the operational problems identified were exhaustively evaluated: The ragging phenomenon and the biological nitrogen removal and operational costs optimisations. The research carried out in this thesis has enabled the design and operation of the municipal MBRs to be assessed while, at the same time, presenting several optimisation strategies which will improve the operation and costs of this technology
Using Social Media in Learning Environments

Numerous social media tools are being used for different purposes including social networking, blogging, social bookmarking, media-sharing tools and social tagging, among others. These tools significantly affect the learning environment. This paper presents common web-based tools and services and discusses the possible applications and uses in learning environments to support teaching and learning.
Multivariate Poisson-Lognormal Regression for Crash Prediction of Different Types on Freeways Diverge Areas

The primary objective of this study was to develop a multivariate Poisson-lognormal regression model (MVPLN) to evaluate the effects of contributing factors to crash frequency and to identify the correlations among different types. Crash data were collected at 282 exit-ramps on freeways in Florida, US.The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method was used to get the solutions of the MVPLN model.The effects of crash-related factors of different types were explored in the MVPLN model considering the correlation structure.It was found thatmainline lane number was the contributing factor for both single-lane and two-lane exit ramp.
Survey of Popular Networks Used for Biosensors

Miniaturized electronic components, improvements in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), have made realization of biosensors possible. Providing interconnectivity to these devices has made even more applications possible. Today biosensors are being used in many applications ranging from detectA±on of biological agents to soil monitoring. Among others, health applications are likely to benefit most from networked biosensors. Since standalone sensors like biosensors have certain limitations, the network providing interconnectivity to these devices needs to be selected carefully. In this paper we would like to review different networks used for connecting biosensors pointing out popular applications for each one.
Modeling Shrouded Stator Cavity Flows in Axial-Flow Compressors

Experiments and computational analyses were completed to understand the nature of shrouded stator cavity flows. From this understanding, a one-dimensional model of the flow through shrouded stator cavities was developed. This model estimates the leakage mass flow, temperature rise, and angular momentum increase through the cavity, given geometry parameters and the flow conditions at the interface between the cavity and primary flow path. This cavity model consists of two components, one that estimates the flow characteristics through the labyrinth seals and the other that predicts the transfer of momentum due to windage. A description of the one-dimensional model is given. The incorporation and use of the one-dimensional model in a multistage compressor primary flow analysis tool is described. The combination of this model and the primary flow solver was used to reliably simulate the significant impact on performance of the increase of hub seal leakage in a twelve-stage axial-flow compressor. Observed higher temperatures of the hub region fluid, different stage matching, and lower overall efficiencies and core flow than expected could be correctly linked to increased hub seal clearance with this new technique. The importance of including these leakage flows in compressor simulations is shown.
Bat-Inspired Wing Aerodynamics and Optimization

A S ENGINEERS search to make micro air vehicles more stable, maneuverable, and efficient, many are turning toward biology for inspiration. Bats adapt to their environment by morphing their wings in flight. Depending on their niche, certain species soar and glide [1], whereas others perform barrel rolls in nature [2] and can pull up to 4.5g in obstacle courses [3]. Morphological changes afford bats great agility at low speeds, and they are able tomaintain stability and control at low Reynolds numbers, in which viscous effects and leading edge laminar separation bubbles cause nonlinearities in lift [4–6]. Bats achieve these feats with fingerlike jointed bone structures and flexible wing membranes. These unique traits allow them to change camber and twist in flight, unlike avian span changes. Recent studies investigate replicating flapping bat flight [7–9], whereas others focus specifically on flexible, membrane wing benefits at low Reynolds numbers for improvements in gust alleviation and delayed stall characteristics [10–12]. These wings are passive elements, and it is difficult to attach control surfaces to them for flight authority. By actively controlling and morphing flexible wings, conventional controllers can be replaced. Aircraft morphing allows single vehicles to have multiple functions, ideally with continuous lifting surfaces to alleviate drag and vibration and increase efficiency. This is the focus of Garcia et al. [13], which proposes a nonflapping wing with twist capabilities. Morphing enables tailoring of wing shapes to multiple flight regimes, from takeoff through cruise to landing [14–16]. Many mechanisms have been proposed for morphing, such as the smart joint, an active rigidity composite suited to actuating a batlike membrane wing in flight [17]. This low-profile device can be embedded at joints in the fingerlike skeletal wing structure as a bimorph actuator [18]. Whereas this work focuses on static wing configurations rather than morphing behavior, results help specify actuator requirements used for a variable camber and twist wing. In this work, two key features of bat flight are studied, uniquely evolved bat wing planforms adapted to environments, and capabilities afforded through variable camber and twist, and are applied to rigid, fixed wing designs for small man-made craft. The goal of this study is not to mimic natural bat flight, but to understand how certain aspects of bat flight apply to the engineering problem of wing design for micro air vehicles. II. Background and Motivation
Analysis of wave propagation effects on microwave field-effect transistors

The effects of electromagnetic wave propagation on FET electrodes are investigated by analyzing two devices: the conventional MESFET and the INGFET (inverted-gate FET) which is designed to exploit the wave propagation effects. The wave effects are analyzed using a CAD (computer-aided design) model which accounts for the semiconductor characteristics and the nonstationary electron dynamics, the electromagnetic characteristics, and the parasitic elements of the device. The importance of including the wave propagation effects in the device analysis is clearly shown in the results. It is shown that the amplification factor of the gainful mode of the INGFET is larger than that of the MESFET for higher frequencies and wider devices. Also, the INGFET exhibits higher gain when operated in the TWT mode and when terminated with 50- Omega loads. <<ETX>>