Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Induced Phase Modulation for Thermo-Optical Characterization of Annatto Extracted Using Different Solvents

Thermo-optical parameters, including the refractive index temperature coefficient (dn/dT) and the absolute non-radiative quantum efficiency (φ), were determined in solutions of a natural dye using a method based on thermally driven self-phase modulation (SPM) effects. The ring-pattern response to SPM effects was determined for annatto extracts obtained from the seeds of the tropical shrub Bixa orellana L. This approach determined the linear behavior of the ring numbers (N) observed in the far-field region as a function of excitation laser power (Pe). Thermooptical characterizations of bixin (C25H30O4) solutions extracted using three solvents (toluene, chloroform, and acetone) were performed. The φ results are in good experimental agreement with those obtained using the thermal lens (TL) technique. Values obtained for thermal diffusivity parameters were typical for pure solvents.
The Effect of Tax Knowledge and Quality of Fiscus Services on the Awareness of Paying Taxes (Case Study of Individual Tax Payer Registered At Serang District)

The government’s efforts to extend and intensify taxation are one of the ways to increase state revenues independently. This is not easy, because it demands an active role for the tax officer, as well as the taxpayer’s awareness and willingness. The lack of public willingness to pay taxes is inseparable from the lack of knowledge about tax regulations and the quality of financial services. This research was conducted to determine the effect of tax knowledge and the quality of tax authorities on awareness of paying taxes. Data collection is done through the distribution of questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability. This research was conducted at KPP Serang Regency. The sample size is 50 individual taxpayers. The research method used is an empirical method with descriptive and verification approaches because there are variables that will be explained and explored how much influence these variables have—statistical data analysis using multiple regression analysis.
Dissolved Oxygen Variations in Marine Fish Culture Zone

Extensive field measurements aimed at studying short-term dissolved oxygen (DO) variability have been carried out in a marine fish culture zone in Hong Kong. A dynamic oxygen budget model is developed to analyze the diurnal water-quality data from a series of 26-hr surveys. The model formulation includes phytoplankton dynamics and photosynthetic production, sediment oxygen demand (SOD), fish respiration, carbonaceous and nitrogenous oxidation, and atmospheric oxygen transfer. The model is used to determine the components of oxygen consumption and production—in particular, the SOD and carbon-to-chlorophyll (CCHL) ratio. It is found that SOD and algal respiration are major oxygen consumption items, and the CCHL ratio is much higher than reported in previous mathematical model studies. Simulations of the diurnal DO variation are compared with data over a wide range of meteorological and ecological conditions. The model interpretation provides a basis for the formulation of a water-quality model for short-term DO forecasts.
A theoretical study of the parameters affecting the kinetics of gas adsorption on solid surfaces

The nondissociative adsorption of gas phase molecules onto a spatially homogeneous square lattice was studied using a Monte Carlo computer simulation method which accounts for the existence of an extrinsic precursor state. The parameters affecting the adsorption kinetics were varied systematically in order to compare our simulations with a model for adsorption originally proposed by Kisliuk [J. Phys. Chem. Solids 3, 95 (1957)]. Our studies indicate that in the presence of precursor mobility, the sticking coefficients obtained from our simulations are consistently lower than those obtained using Kisliuk’s equation. Upon further investigation, we found two reasons for this discrepancy, namely, islanding of the adsorbates on the surface, and site revisiting in the precursor state. We found that some degree of islanding within the chemisorption layer occurs as a direct consequence of the nature of the precursor mediated adsorption process and that the extent of this clustering is controlled by the competition.
TUNABLE DIODE LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (TDLAS) IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES – A REVIEW

The availability of new lasers in the nearand mid infrared spectral region has led to the development of sensors for gas measurements that are now applied extensively in the process industries. Based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TOLAS) molecules like O2, CH* H2O, CO, CO2, NH3, HC1 and HF can be detected in-situ with high selectivity and sensitivity in continuous, real time operation. Using sensitive detection techniques like wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS), often low ppb and ppm concentration measurements with Is integration time are feasible. Detection limits can be improved by using extractive sampling and a long multi-pass cell. TOLAS has become an accepted technique in the process industries for difficult measurement tasks, because it is compatible with high temperatures, pressures, dust levels and corrosive media. Gas concentrations, temperatures, velocities and pressures can be determined. TOLAS is used widely for continuous emission monitoring and process control with over 1,000 field instruments worldwide. In this article, after an introduction to the basics of TOLAS, several interesting applications and installations in various process industrial units with some examples from other industries are reviewed.
Silver/Thiocholesterol and Silver/Cholesterol Nanosized Aggregates Formation in Liquid Crystalline Mesophase

Ordered aggregates including nanosized silver particles (d = 6.0 ± 1.5 nm and d = 2.5 ± 0.5 nm) stabilized by cholesterol and thiocholesterol forming from metal sols and by cooling from the isotropic state are obtained. The composition, morphology and structure of the aggregates are determined by FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electronic diffraction. The optical properties of the silver–thiocholesterol and silver–cholesterol systems are studied.
Mesoporous aluminosilicate of the MCM-41 type: its catalytic activity in n-hexane isomerization

Abstract Aluminium-containing mesoporous molecular sieves (Al-MCM-41) with different Al contents (Si/Al=86.3, 43.9, 23.3, and 14.3) have been prepared using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as an organic surfactant and characterized by XRD, MAS NMR, and N 2 sorption studies. 27 Al NMR studies reveal that the Al is present in Td coordination in the samples. The samples were loaded with Pt and used in the hydroisomerization of n -hexane. The reactions were carried out at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 300–400°C. The optimum Pt content for the reaction was found to be around 0.3%. High selectivities for isomerization were observed.
Infrared Reflectance and Electrical Conductivity of β‐Ga2O3

Undoped β-Ga 2 O 3 single crystals were grown by the floating zone technique under several mixtures of N 2 and O 2 gas and 2 atm pressure. Polarized reflectance spectra in the 50-1200 cm -1 region showed all 12 IR active modes, with an additional background due to free carrier reflection. By least-squares fitting, the resonance frequency, the oscillator strength, the damping constant for each lattice oscillator, and the plasma frequency and damping factor of the free carriers were determined. Electrical measurements of the conductivity and the Hall-coefficient were correlated with the electrical parameters estimated from the optical data. The increase in the carrier concentration with decreasing oxygen partial pressure is accompanied by a decrease in carrier mobility, so that the conductivity does not vary significantly with the oxygen partial pressure.
Facile preparation of fluorescent Ag-clusters–chitosan-hybrid nanocomposites for bio-applications

Fluorescent silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) are an important kind of luminescent nanomaterial with many practical applications. In this report, a facile route was designed for the preparation of fluorescent Ag NCs–chitosan hybrid nanocomposites based on the reduction of Ag+ with NaBH4. The hybrid nanocomposites had a spherical morphology with a size of 80 ± 10 nm. Moreover, the as-prepared nanospheres displayed high fluorescence with the emission peak center at 562 nm due to the formation of Ag NCs. In addition, chitosan, a natural polymer, worked as a stabilizing agent, and made the nanocomposites biocompatible, biodegradable and have low-toxicity. These properties mean that the nanospheres are promising materials for bio-applications. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay confirmed that the fluorescent chitosan–Ag NCs hybrid nanospheres had almost negligible toxicity to normal cells of MC3T3-E1. The outstanding low virulence of the as-prepared fluorescent chitosan–Ag NCs hybrid nanospheres was tested and verified by MC3T3-E1 cells and CAL-27 cells for bio-imaging as well.
Online Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air at Parts-per-Trillion Levels by Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry

We describe the use of a two-stage membrane sampling system coupled with an ion trap spectrometer for the direct analysis of volatile organic compounds in air with quantitation limits to low parts-per-billion levels and detection to parts-per-trillion levels. Toluene, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethane, and benzene were used in these studies. We have obtained linear calibration curves from approximately 3 to 3000 ppb by volume for these compounds. The magnitude of instrument response is essentially independent of air flow rate from 0.2 to >3 L/min; response times are 60-90 s. Additionally, the same membrane interface can be used for the sequential analysis of water and soil, providing a sensitive and versatile analytical tool. 22 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
MM2 force field parameters for compounds containing the diazoketone function

Force field parameters for use in MM2 modelling programs have been developed for the diazoketone function, from a combination of X-ray crystallographic data, IR spectroscopy, and ab initio and semi-empirical calculations. These parameters have been applied to study the accessible conformations and structure of two diazoketone containing molecules, for which X-ray crystallographic data is available. Comparison of X-ray data and calculated geometry was only possible after allowance was made for the effect of crystal packing forces.
Bulk reduction and oxygen migration in the ceria-based oxides

Cubic solid solutions of general formula Ce1-xMxO2 (M = Zr, Th, Hf) have been modeled in the range (0 < x < 1) using atomistic simulation methods. The Ce4+/Ce3+ reduction energy in the bulk materials and the activation energy for oxygen migration have been calculated. The Ce4+/Ce3+ reduction energy decreases with increasing M content for M = Zr, Th, the most remarkable effect being displayed for M = Th. An opposite trend is obtained when M = Hf. The activation energy for oxygen migration decreases with increasing M content. The effect of Th is similar to that of Zr and consists of a substantial decrease of the activation energy at high concentrations. On the other hand, the activation energy decreases only slightly when M = Hf.
Implementation Of Fast And Real Urban Road Extraction And Semi Automation Using Nn-Sparsity Adaptive Multi Feature Technique

: In this research high resolution urban images from satellite has been collected and gives the automatic road extraction and tracking solution. The satellite which are collected from database contains noise and occlusions, because of this a perfect road tracking does not possible. Various high resolution urban image implementations did not remove several problems like multi-layer extraction, multi spectral noise. The existed methods does gives the low accuracy and throughput. In this investigation proposed an NN(neural networks) based adaptive multi feature(NN-AMF) model. This model gives the more accuracy and PSNR, CC.
Realistic Solutions for Wind Power Production with Climate Change

Abstract Nowadays, it can be stated that climate change will alter weather conditions, and that regarding wind power production, values out of wind turbine design conditions will occur. In this article, a wind concentrator and a wind farm were designed and modeled to predict changes in local power production. The results showed the feasibility of low speed wind turbines, which could not be achieved with traditional wind turbines.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐Encapsulated Hydrophilic Carbon Black Nanoparticles Free from Aggregation

Carbon black (CB) nanoparticles were encapsulated by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by a simple method of coacervation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly demonstrated that the successful encapsulation of PVA happened at the surfaces of CB nanoparticles. The particle-size distribution measurements indicated that the diameters of the obtained PVA-encapsulated CB (CB@PVA) nanoparticles were distributed within the nanoscale dimension. This strategy avoids the complicated polymerization process involved in the counterpart of polymer-coating approaches. A TEM image of PVA-encapsulated carbon black.
Simulation of bentazon leaching in sandy loam soil from mellby (Sweden) with the pestla model

Abstract Results of a lysimeter study on bentazon leaching in a sandy loam soil from Mellby (Sweden) were used to test the PESTLA model. To obtain a good description of the measured amounts of drainage water, the potential evapotranspiration rate (based on the Penman equation) had to be multiplied by 1.5 to 2. This comparatively large increase in potential evapotranspiration is probably the result of the surroundings of the lysimeter being dry for most of the experimental period. Using sorption parameters estimated from literature data resulted in the calculated leaching of bentazon to be much higher than the measured leaching. Using sorption parameters based on measured bentazon adsorption to the sandy loam soil resulted in a good explanation of the observed leaching of bentazon by the model.
The bulk oxypropylation of chitin and chitosan and the characterization of the ensuing polyols

Chitin and chitosan were converted into viscous polyols through a simple oxypropylation reaction, with the aim of valorising the less noble fractions or by-products of these valuable renewable resources. This process bears “green” connotations, given that it requires no solvent, leaves no by-products and no specific operations (separation, purification, etc.) are needed to isolate the entire reaction product. Chitin or chitosan samples were preactivated with KOH and then reacted with an excess of propylene oxide (PO) in an autoclave. In all instances, the reaction product was a viscous liquid made up of oxypropylated chitin or chitosan and PO homopolymer. The two fractions were separated and thoroughly characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, DSC, TGA and viscosity.
Empirical Procedures for the Analysis of Physisorption Isotherms

Empirical methods, which can be used for the analysis of physisorption isotherms, involve the input of adsorption data on reference adsorbents. In particular, the αS-plot method can be used for the characterisation of a porous material when the corresponding standard isotherm has been determined on a well-defined non-porous solid of similar surface structure. The interpretation of αS-plots is based on established principles underlying the mechanisms of physisorption: monolayer–multilayer adsorption, preferential filling of narrow micropores (ultramicropores), monolayer adsorption followed by the filling of wider micropores (supermicropores) and capillary condensation in mesopores. Various distinctive features of αS-plots allow these different processes to be identified and the internal and external areas and effective pore volumes to be quantified. The validity of BET-nitrogen areas can be checked and also, by using probe molecules of different sizes, one can obtain a semi-quantitative evaluation of the micropore-size distribution. The comparison plot is a simple way of comparing the shapes of two related isotherms. This approach has been found useful for investigating textural changes such as those accompanying the thermal decomposition of hydroxides or the activation of carbons.
Triumfettamide and Triumfettoside Ic, Two Ceramides and Other Secondary Metabolites from the Stems of Wild Triumfetta cordifolia A. RICH. (Tiliaceae)

Two new ceramides, triumfettamide (1) and triumfettoside Ic (2), characterized as (2R,6Z)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R)-1,3,4-trihydroxyhexacosan-2-yl]heptadec-6-enamide and (2R)-N-{(1S,2R,3E,6Z, 9Z,12Z,15Z)-1-[(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)methyl]-2-hydroxyheneicosa-3,6,9,12,15-pentaen-1-yl}-2-hydroxytetradecanamide, respectively, were isolated from the stems of Triumfetta cordifoliaA. Rich. besides eight known secondary metabolites identified as heptadecanoic acid, β-sitosterol glucopyranoside, friedelin, lupeol, betulin, maslinic acid, 2-hydroxyoleanolic acid and the mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods as well as HR-MALDI-FT-ICR-MS analysis, chemical transformation, and by comparison of their physical and spectral data with those reported in the literature and with authentic specimens for some known compounds. Five pentacyclic triterpenoids, friedelin, lupeol, betulin, maslinic acid, and 2-hydroxyoleanolic acid, have been isolated from Triumfetta genus for the first time.
Visual E-commerce Application using Deep Learning

---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The search functionality of ecommerce app is one of the most important parameter inorder to make it more user-friendly and earn maximum benefits. Many people search online before buying a product. But often times, a simple spelling mistake by the customers can make the E-commerce application lose potential customers. This is because many are still using Text-based search engines to handle on-site product queries. Textual search is good at finding keywords from a set of organized data, but it performs Searching for long tail
Integration of vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting devices by molecular beam epitaxy regrowth

We used two‐step molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth to integrate monolithically single and double vertical‐cavity structures on a wafer. This technique is useful for making a single vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser–thyristor with a low threshold and a double vertical‐cavity heterojunction phototransistor with both a high responsivity and a large spectral bandwidth. Regrowth on a patterned distributed Bragg reflector after thermal desorption of a passivating GaAs layer resulted in the laser in the single‐cavity section having a threshold current density of 1.0 kA/cm2, which is comparable to that of one grown by conventional one‐step MBE. Controlling thickness to within ±0.3% resulted in the regrown double‐cavity section having a bandwidth of 5 nm.
The Effects of Orifice Nozzle Number on Heating and Cooling Performance of Vortex Tubes: An Experimental Study

Abstract In this study, the effects of the orifice nozzle number and the inlet pressure on the heating and cooling performance of the counter flow type vortex tube is investigated experimentally. The orifices are produced using the polyamide plastic material. Five orifices with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 nozzles are manufactured. In this study, air is used as a fluid. In the experiments, for each of the orifices, inlet pressures were adjusted from 150 kPa to 700 kPa with 50 kPa increments and the energy separation was investigated. During the experiments, cold mass fraction of the vortex tube that L/D ratio is 15, is held constant at 0.5. At the end of the experimental study, it is noted that the temperature gradient between the cold and hot fluid is decreased with increasing of the orifice nozzle number.
Liquid phases of Langmuir monolayers

The liquid phases of Langmuir monolayers are studied in a simple continuum model in which molecules are treated as flexible chains made up of rodlike segments, with the head confined to the air‐water interface. The model is studied within mean‐field approximation. We show that both properties of chain flexibility and of segment rigidity, with concomitant anisotropic rodlike interactions, are needed to produce two stable liquid phases. Uniform tilt can occur in the liquid‐condensed phase, but requires a mismatch between the size of the head segment and that of the others comprising the chain. The chain conformational order, and the effect of chain length on phase behavior, are also discussed.
Studies of the glyoxylate bypass of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) : purification of isocitrate lyase and cloning of the ICL gene

This thesis is concerned with the glyoxylate bypass of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and in particular the enzyme isocitrate lyase (ICL) and its corresponding gene (icl). At the start of this project oligonucleotides were designed against regions of other ICL proteins which were found to be highly conserved across a variety of species. These oligonucleotides were used for Southern analysis of genomic DNA from S.coelicolor and also as primers for use in PCR amplification of genomic DNA from S.coelicolor. Sequencing of DNA which was cloned using these techniques revealed that the S.coelicolor icl gene had not been cloned. In order to facilitate in cloning of the S.coelicolor icl gene, it was decided to purify the S.coelicolor ICL protein. Acetate was found to be an extremely poor carbon source, resulting in poor growth and low ICL activity. Growth on Tween (polyoxyethylensorbitan) containing compounds was found to result in high activities of the ICL enzyme and purification of the enzyme was facilitated using a five step protocol employing hydrophobic chromatography and anion exchange chromatography. Amino acid sequence from the purified protein and also from chymotrypsin digested peptides was obtained. This amino acid sequence was then used to design oligonucleotides, which were used as probes to facilitate in cloning the S.coelicolor icl gene. An amplified fragment of DNA from S.coelicolor was obtained using the oligonucleotides and sequencing of this DNA revealed that it encoded part of the icl gene. The amplified DNA was then used in Southern analysis in order to clone the entire S.coelicolor icl gene. Sequencing of the gene was carried out and the sequence of the regions surrounding the gene were also determined. The icl gene sequence shows that it is similar to the previously sequenced icl's and in particular to the E.coli icl. , notably lacking the similar internal region as the E.coli ICL protein. Sequencing downstream from the icl has revealed the ms gene from S.coelicolor This is the opposite to E.coli, where the gene order is ms/icl. It remains to be determined if these genes form part of an operon in S.coelicolor. Some work on the S.coelicolor idh gene was carried out and 30-fold overexpression of the idh gene in S.coelicolor was achieved. Preliminary experiments to overexpress idh in Escherichia coli and an attempt to disrupt the S.coelicolor idh were also carried out, but had still to be completed by the end of this project.