Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Binaural and monaural auditory filter bandwidths and time constants in probe tone detection experiments.

Auditory filter bandwidths and time constants were obtained with five normal-hearing subjects for different masker configurations both in the frequency and time domain for monaural and binaural listening conditions. Specifically, the masking level in the monaural condition and the interaural correlation in the binaural conditions, respectively, was changed in a sinusoidal, stepwise, and rectangular way in the frequency domain. In the corresponding experiments in the time domain, a sinusoidal and stepwise change of the masker was performed. From these results, a comparison was made across conditions to evaluate the influence of the factors "shape of transition," "monaural versus binaural," "frequency domain versus time domain," and "subject. " Also, the respective data from the literature were considered using the same model assumptions and fitting strategy as used for the current data. The results indicate that the monaural auditory filter bandwidths and time constants fitted to the data are consistent across conditions both for the data included in this study and the data from the literature. No consistent relation between individual auditory filter bandwidths and time constants were found across subjects. For the binaural conditions, however, considerable differences were found in estimates of the bandwidths and time constants, respectively, across conditions. The reason for this mismatch seems to be the different detection strategies employed for the various tasks that are affected by the consistency of binaural information across frequency and time. While monaural detection performance appears to be modeled quite well with a linear filter or temporal integration window, this does not hold for the binaural conditions where both larger bandwidth and time constant estimates are found.
Natural Language Dialogue for Building and Learning Models and Structures

We demonstrate an integrated system for building and learning models and structures in both a real and virtual environment. The system combines natural language understanding, planning, and methods for composition of basic concepts into more complicated concepts. The user and the system interact via natural language to jointly plan and execute tasks involving building structures, with clarifications and demonstrations to teach the system along the way. We use the same architecture for building and simulating models of biology, demonstrating the general-purpose nature of the system where domain-specific knowledge is concentrated in sub-modules with the basic interaction remaining domain-independent. These capabilities are supported by our work on semantic parsing, which generates knowledge structures to be grounded in a physical representation, and composed with existing knowledge to create a dynamic plan for completing goals. Prior work on learning from natural language demonstrations enables learning of models from very few demonstrations, and features are extracted from definitions in natural language. We believe this architecture for interaction opens up a wide possibility of human-computer interaction and knowledge transfer through natural language.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of cognitive function

Image quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain currently approximate gross anatomy as would be viewed at autopsy. During the first decade of the 21st Century incredible advances in image processing and quantification have occurred permitting more refined methods for studying brain‐behavior‐cognitive functioning. The current presentation overviews the current status of MRI methods for routine clinical assessment of brain pathology, how these techniques identify neuropathology and how pathological findings are quantified. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI), and resting state fMRI are all reviewed, emphasizing how these techniques permit an examination of brain function and connectivity. General regional relationships of brain function associated with cognitive control will be highlighted. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1724–1728. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does Higher CIO Rank Serve as an Organizational Integration Mechanism?

Twenty years ago, ERP systems, Big Data and products embedded with information technology were not part of the IT landscape, but today these technologies are ubiquitous or at least top of mind for executives trying to remain competitive. Amidst this change, what firm level factors are critical to understanding the appropriate organizational response for the IT organization? We observe a previously unmeasured factor, the demand for integration, on the rank of the top IT executive, or CIO Rank. Using data on 186 Fortune 1000 firms over 17 years, we find that the demand for integration significantly influences the CIO Rank. Additional evidence suggests that a higher CIO Rank alleviates the generally harmful influence that the demand for integration has on firm performance, especially in recent years. The results illustrate the relevance of the demand for integration and that the CIO Rank may serve as an organizational integration mechanism for firms.
Major allergens of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen

The IgE‐binding components of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen were determined by ELISA and Western blotting in atopic patients in order to identify its major allergens. From a pool of previously identified allergenic fractions and sera from 15 skin‐test‐positive, atopic subjects, four components of 12, 14.4, 57, and 65–67 kDa were found to bind IgE in 80–93% of sera. Two other components of molecular masses 28–30 and 37–40 kDa also bound 60–80 % of atopic sera. The immunologic specificity of date‐pollen allergen that induced antibody response in sera of atopic patients was confirmed with ELISA. Furthermore, most of the reactivity in pooled positive atopic serum and antiserum raised in rabbits was eliminated after the sera were absorbed with the allergen. IgG immunoblot analyses showed varying degrees of cross‐reactivity with common local allergens, notably Bermuda grass, but were generally of low intensity. These results indicate that date pollen has six major allergens with the 12, 14.4, 57, and 65–67 kDa bands binding 80–93%, and the 28–30 and 37–40 kDa bands 60–80% of atopic sera. We propose that these major allergens be assigned the notations Pho d I to Pho d VI in the order listed.
Focusing on the frontal cortex

Abstract Gotts et al. provide a timely review of the major neural models of repetition suppression (RS) and priming. They justifiably call on researchers to focus their attention on the extent to which these phenomena can be explained by changes in synchrony between cortical regions. They are relatively agnostic as to which regions may be critical to RS and priming. Here I argue we should devote more attention to the role of frontal regions, and suggest that there is a need to engage with more cognitive accounts of priming in order to develop a comprehensive neurocognitive account of priming and RS.
Chemosurgery for facial neoplasms.

The term "chemosurgery" was coined to designate a method by which accessible cancers may be excised under complete microscopic control. The chemosurgical technique consists of three essential steps: (1) application of a zinc chloride paste to produce fixation in situ, (2) excision of a layer of the chemically fixed tissue and (3) microscopic scanning of the undersurface of the excised layer by the systematic use of frozen sections. The process is repeated in the cancerous areas until a cancer-free plane is reached. Because the microscopic control permits selective removal of "silent" outgrowths from the main cancerous mass the method achieves unprecedented reliability without the need to sacrifice an extra margin of normal tissue.
Use of RAPD, enzyme activity staining, and colony size to differentiate phytopathogenic Fuzarium Oxysporum isolates from Iran

Fusarium oxysporum is a common soilborn plant pathogen with a worldwide distribution. Fusarium yellows disease of chickpea (Cicer arientinum) caused by F.oxysporum is one of the most destructive soilborn disease which is a major production constraint in chickpea-growing regions of Iran. Three laboratory methods "amplification of genomic DNA using random primers, enzyme activity staining, and colony size determination" have been used to discriminate between highly virulent (HV) and weakly virulent (WV) isolates of F. oxysporum. On the basis of colony size (a traditional morphological method) and the ability of isolates to produce pectic enzymes, five HV isolates were differentiated from three WV isolates. The HV isolates formed large colony (ranging from 10.1 to 12.6 mm in diameter) and showed the same enzyme pattern,while the WV isolates produced small colony (ranging from 5.8 to 7.8 mm in diameter) and had not detectable enzyme activity in the stained overlaying gel. Twelve arbitrary 10-mer primers were tested on these 8 isolates of F. oxysporum by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Cluster analysis of the data from the DNA amplification by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), differentiated HV from WV isolates. The results obtained from RAPD test confirmed the classification of these eight isolates based on pathogenicity test, colony size, and enzyme activity staining into two groups (HV and WV).
Word Extraction Based on Mutual Information for Ancient Chinese Database

Word extraction is an important issue in archaic Chinese corpus processing. In this paper, we focus to extract multi-character word for an archaic Chinese database. The candidate words are extracted based on associative strength of characters. It is up to the user to judge whether a candidate word is real word or not. After a word is extracted, the mutual information that is related to it is modified accordingly. Word is extracted recursively. The empirical results show that mutual information method is an effective auxiliary approach to extract multi-character word for an archaic Chinese database
Analytical model for Solstice detector response

A theoretical formulation of the effective point spread function of a slat collimator on a strip detector has been derived. The used technique is based on the geometric response function of a single gap and it accurately describes the performance of the collimation system. Valuable conclusions on the sensitivity and the spatial resolution of the imaging system could be made. We found that the sensitivity was dependent on the angle of incidence and on the distance to the detector. The spatial resolution was constant in a plane at a fixed distance to the detector. These results were confirmed by the appropriate Monte Carlo simulations. The presented formulation of the geometric response function will be useful with iterative reconstruction algorithms.
Movie recommendation system using particle swarm optimization

Sentiment analysis (or opinion mining) is defined as the task of finding the opinions of authors about specific entities. The decision-making process of people is affected by the opinions formed by thought leaders and ordinary people. When a person wants to buy a product online he or she will typically start by searching for reviews and opinions written by other people on the various offerings. Sentiment analysis is one of the hottest research areas in computer science. Over 7,000 articles have been written on the topic. Hundreds of start-ups are developing sentiment analysis solutions and major statistical packages such as SAS and SPSS include dedicated sentiment analysis modules. There is a huge explosion today of ‘sentiments’ available from social media including Twitter, Facebook, message boards, blogs, and user forums.
Efficient single-detector gamma imaging for civil nuclear inspection

The Detection, location and quantification of gamma emitting radionuclides is an essential process in the management and decommissioning of nuclear sites. In many applications, gamma imaging is the best way to implement this process; it has superior spatial resolution to a manual survey and can operate at a distance from the target area, or in very high dose fields. In this paper we introduce a new imaging method for gamma radiation that uses a novel collimator design and reconstruction algorithm to overcome the limitations of simple single detector imagers. The performance of the system is characterised in the laboratory and demonstrated at a civil nuclear site. Compared to previous systems, the system is found to have better spatial and spectral resolution, faster scan times, a larger field of view and lower mass and size.
A review of target decomposition theorems in radar polarimetry

In this paper, we provide a review of the different approaches used for target decomposition theory in radar polarimetry. We classify three main types of theorem; those based on the Mueller matrix and Stokes vector, those using an eigenvector analysis of the covariance or coherency matrix, and those employing coherent decomposition of the scattering matrix. We unify the formulation of these different approaches using transformation theory and an eigenvector analysis. We show how special forms of these decompositions apply for the important case of backscatter from terrain with generic symmetries.
On cyclic reversible self-dual additive codes with odd length over Z22

Several additive codes of odd length over Z/sub 2//sup 2/ are introduced. These codes are cyclic and reversible. Furthermore, they are self-dual under an appropriately selected binary-valued inner product. Some binary derivatives of these codes have good parameters. All cyclic and reversible [5,2.5,3] additive codes over Z/sub 2//sup 2/ are isomorphic and possess interesting properties.
Predictors of Cannabis Dependence Recovery Among Epidemiological Survey Respondents in the United States

Cannabis Dependence remains a highly prevalent disorder in the United States. Though longitudinal studies have accumulated data regarding risk factors and psychosocial correlates of habitual cannabis use, the field lacks knowledge regarding predictors of recovery in community samples. Thus we conducted a secondary data analysis of The National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions to address this issue. Recovery was defined as the absence of Cannabis Dependence and Cannabis Abuse during the past year. Logistic Regression analysis revealed that older age, marriage, and non-daily cannabis use were positively associated with recovery.
Enumeration and Cell Cycle Analysis of Natural Populations of Marine Picoplankton by Flow Cytometry Using the Nucleic Acid Stain SYBR Green I

The novel dye SYBR Green I binds specifically to nucleic acids and can be excited by blue light (488-nm wavelength). Cell concentrations of prokaryotes measured in marine samples with this dye on a low-cost compact flow cytometer are comparable to those obtained with the UV-excited stain Hoechst 33342 (bis-benzimide) on an expensive flow cytometer with a water-cooled laser. In contrast to TOTO-1 and TO-PRO-1, SYBR Green I has the advantage of clearly discriminating both heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic Prochlorococcus cells, even in oligotrophic waters. As with TOTO-1 and TO-PRO-1, two groups of heterotrophic bacteria (B-I and B-II-like types) can be distinguished. Moreover, the resolution of DNA distribution obtained with SYBR Green I is similar to that obtained with Hoechst 33342 and permits the analysis of the cell cycle of photosynthetic prokaryotes over the whole water column.
Involvement of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ, Rac, and PAK Signaling in Chemokine-induced Macrophage Migration*

In macrophages, chemotactic stimuli cause the activation of Rac and PAK, but little is known about the signaling pathways involved and their role in chemotactic gradient sensing. Herein, we report that in macrophages, the chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted)/CCL5 activates the small GTPase Rac and its downstream target PAK2 within seconds. This response depends on Gi activation and largely on the subsequent triggering of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) and Rac. Retroviral transduction of tagged Rac1 and -2 indicates that RANTES/CCL5-mediated activation of PI3Kγ triggers Rac1 but not Rac2. In agreement, silencing of Rac1 by shRNA blocks PAK2 activity and inhibits RANTES/CCL5-induced macrophage polarization and directional migration. On the other hand, the tyrosine kinase receptor agonist CSF-1 activates PAK2 independently of PI3Kγ and Rac. Our results thus demonstrate a chemokine-specific signaling pathway in which Gi and PI3Kγ coordinate to drive Rac1 and PAK2 activation that eventually controls the chemotactic response.
Interaural phase-sensitive units in the inferior colliculus of the unanesthetized rabbit: effects of changing frequency.

We studied the interaural phase sensitivity of 85 units in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the unanesthetized rabbit. We assessed this sensitivity at several frequencies within each unit's responsive range. The interaural phase disparity was varied by delivering tones that differed by 1 Hz to the two ears, resulting in a 1-Hz binaural beat. We analyzed each unit's response to different frequencies by calculating four measures: characteristic delay (CD), characteristic phase (CP), composite peak delay, and mean peak delay. We estimated the CD and CP from the slope and phase intercept, respectively, of the regression line fitted to a plot of the mean interaural phase against stimulating frequency. The composite peak delay was estimated from the peak of a composite delay curve. This was generated by replotting the response to changes in interaural phase, as a function of the equivalent interaural delay and averaging the resultant interaural delay curves. The composite delay curve reflects the unit's average response to interaural delays across frequencies. Last, we calculated a mean peak delay, derived by converting the mean interaural phase of the response at each frequency to an equivalent delay and then averaging these delays. Interaural phase sensitivity was observed to frequencies as high as 2,150 Hz. However, the majority of units showed such sensitivity below 1,500 Hz. For most units, the interaural delay curves measured at several frequencies coincided near the peak discharge. This result is consistent with a neural model, where excitatory inputs from each ear converge upon a binaural cell, evoking maximum discharge only when the two inputs arrive simultaneously. As a first approximation, our data fit this model, indicating that IC neurons can act like coincidence detectors or cross-correlators. The distributions of CD, composite peak delay, and mean peak delay showed that most units preferred ipsilateral stimulus delays, which in the natural situation corresponds to sounds emanating from the contralateral field. Moreover, most units preferred delays that were within the estimated physiological range of the rabbit. These results support the viewpoint that neurons in the IC participate in sound localization. The distributions of CP and CD differ substantially from those found in the IC of the anesthetized cat. These differences may reflect species differences, the effects of anesthesia, or a difference in the population of units sampled. For each unit, we assessed the linearity of the plot of mean interaural phase against frequency of stimulation using a chi 2 method. For most units the plots were significantly nonlinear. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Population biology of Stellifer rastrifer, S. brasiliensis and S. stellifer in Caraguatatuba Bay, northern coast of São Paulo, Brazil

Os ecossistemas podem refletir mudancas ambientais em muitos aspectos, desde o enfraquecimento dos individuos ate alteracoes na composicao da comunidade. Do mesmo modo, os parâmetros populacionais podem fornecer indicacoes confiaveis de mudancas ambientais. Sciaenideos do genero Stellifer sao peixes geralmente muito abundantes e em suas populacoes e frequente a ocorrencia de duas ou mais especies simpatricas. No presente trabalho, a dinâmica populacional de tres especies de Stellifer do sudeste do Brasil foi avaliada. A amostragem ocorreu em aguas rasas das zonas marinhas da Baia de Caraguatatuba, de agosto de 2003 a outubro de 2004. As especies avaliadas foram Stellifer rastrifer (n = 3.183), S. brasiliensis (n = 357) e S. stellifer (n = 116). Os resultados mostraram que a area sob maior influencia continental tende a suportar um numero maior de individuos menores. Variacoes de tamanho ao longo do tempo foram semelhantes entre as especies e negativamente correlacionadas com o Krel, que apresentou flutuacoes suaves. De modo geral a distribuicao de frequencia de comprimento ficou concentrada entre 6,0 e 9,0 cm e para a grande maioria das femeas as gonadas se apresentaram imaturas durante o periodo avaliado. Os resultados suportam a existencia de estratificacao populacional por tamanho dentro destas especies, indicando que a area e apropriada para o desenvolvimento de juvenis. A desconsideracao de tais caracteristicas pode acarretar serias implicacoes para a gestao dessas areas.
Immobilization of Black Bears (Ursus americanus) with Orally Administered Carfentanil Citrate

Ten black bears (Ursus americanus) were immobilized with orally administered carfentanil citrate. The total carfentanil dose was mixed with 5 to 20 ml honey and given incrementally to captive bears. The bears ranged in weight from 80 (estimated) to 233 kg. Total carfentanil doses ranged from 0.7 to 3.0 mg, resulting in dosages of 6.8 to 18.8 μg carfentanil/kg. Mean (±SD) times from estimated 80% mixture consumption to sternal recumbency, and first safe human contact were 7.7 ± 2.3 min and 19.7 ± 5.6 min, respectively. Undesired side effects of immobilization were muscle rigidity, bradypnea, and oxygen desaturation. All bears received diazepam to alleviate muscle rigidity and were insufflated with oxygen during immobilization. Nine immobilizations were considered satisfactory or good. The bear receiving 6.8 μg carfentanil/kg, the lowest dosage used, was very excited during induction and required intravenous (IV) ketamine to permit safe examination. Immobilization was reversed with 100 mg naltrexone/mg carfentanil administered (75% subcutaneous, 25% IV). Bears recovered to full mobility in 6.3 ±1.9 min. Five bears vomited post-recovery but no episodes of renarcotization were observed.
Improvement of SOI Trench LDMOS Performance With Double Vertical Metal Field Plate

In this paper, a novel high-voltage trench lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (TLDMOS) based on silicon-on-insulator technology is proposed. The new structure is characterized by a double vertical metal field plate (DVFP) in the oxide trench, which is surrounded by heavily doped N/P pillars [superjuction (SJ)]. The DVFP introduces five new electric field peaks in the bulk of drift region compared with the conventional TLDMOS, leading to the breakdown voltage (BV) increase. Furthermore, the DVFP and SJ provide an electrons accumulation layer at the interface of the N pillar and oxide trench under the ON-state, reducing the specific ON-resistance (RON). With the 2-D device simulation, a BV of 840 V and a RON of 60.2 mQ · cm2 are realized on a 25-μm-thick SOI layer and 0.5 μm buried oxide layer, and the Baliga's figure of merit [(FOM), FOM = BV2/RON] of 11.4 MW/cm2 is achieved, breaking through the silicon limit.