Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stateless Real Time Cookie Synchronization Detection

This thesis aims to advance the currently existing methods of cookie synchronization detection by creating and releasing a dataset that can be used to train various machine learning models to perform stateless, real-time cookie synchronization detection. State-less cookie synchronization detection works by classifying the requests made by the browser, using those requests’ metadata only. Since a stateless method does not consider the requests’ content, it can detect encrypted cookie synchronization, which most existing cookie synchronization detectors cannot do. The dataset is created by a Selenium-based web crawler that instruments a Chrome browser to visit the top 2000 most popular domains according to Tranco ranking. The HTTP requests made along the way are intercepted, labelled by a heuristic cookie synchronization detector, and parsed to create a dataset of 129,515 data points. Out of those, 16,061 (8.06%) are observed cookie synchronization events. The assembled dataset, containing categorical variables, is then encoded into numerical data so that selected machine learning classifiers can be trained on it. This thesis considers several encoding schemes, such as mean target and frequency encoding, as the choice of the encoder can significantly affect the model performance. Support Vector Machine model with mean target encoding proved to be the best performing combination, achieving a large weighted F1 and AUC scores of 0.963 and 0.959, respectively. Finally, a decision tree classifier is chosen from the trained models and used to create a proof-of-concept Chrome plugin, performing cookie synchronization detection in the browser. Thanks to its simplicity and easily interpretable graphical user interface, the extension can be used by users with no technical background to observe the trackers performing cookie synchronization in real-time.
The impact of CEO characteristics on firm innovation: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

This paper studies the effect of CEO attributes on firms’ R&D spending in Saudi firms. Mainly, it examines the influence of CEOs’ education (level and background), CEOs’ experience (work experience, tenure and functional background), CEOs’ origin and CEOs' ownership. These attributes are among the main CEO attributes that are not considered simultaneously by previous studies. Empirically, we use a sample of 63 listed Saudi companies on Tadawul stock exchange. The study uses a panel model employing data over the period from 2016 to 2019 with 252 observations and formulates five different equations using the ordinary least square regression. Findings show that companies employing CEOs with functional backgrounds in marketing and/or engineering will invest more in R&D. Similarly, R&D spending increases when the CEO is an insider and has a part in the firm capital. These results would help scholars and shareholders to understand what makes executives more willing to initiate innovation and thus, they can select and govern well the company’s CEO.
Linear Regression Model for Business Strategy

This article is a case study that illustrates how a linear regression model can be implied in business strategy to find the relationship between each variable and advise price setting and revenue prediction. With the fast development of big data, a business can get a more thorough data set, so experiment in the real world is more reliable. The challenge is to clean, organize and detect wrong data. This paper aims to use the existing statistic modeling methods to make a business strategy for a company based on a relatively small data frame. R studio is used for all statistical calculations. This paper also examines the interaction effects for the centered and uncentered data set. The result of this study shows that price is negatively correlated to sales and advertising fees, and stores have a positive correlation. It also shows that centering makes a great difference in illuminating the collinearity of interaction terms. Finally, this article analyzes the estimation made by the marketing director and gives suggestions on business strategy in the end.
Relativistic formalism to compute quasiequilibrium configurations of nonsynchronized neutron star binaries

A general relativistic version of the Euler equation for perfect fluid hydrodynamics is applied to a system of two neutron stars orbiting each other. In the quasiequilibrium phase of the evolution of this system, a first integral of motion can be derived for certain velocity fields of the neutron star fluid including the (academic) case of corotation with respect to the orbital motion (synchronized binaries) and the realistic case of counter-rotation with respect to the orbital motion. The velocity field leading to this latter configuration can be computed by solving three-dimensional vector and scalar Poisson equations.
Unjamming of Granular Packings as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem: Evidence for a Growing Static Length Scale in Frictionless Packings

An outstanding question in the physics of soft jammed packings concerns the nature of the correlations that arise near the unjamming transition. In this work, we treat unjamming as a constraint satisfaction problem and demonstrate that a static correlation function, which probes sensitivity to boundary conditions,exhibits a diverging correlation length as the packing is decompressed. This length scale is related to isostaticity, and has been connected earlier to the existence of soft modes in isostatic packings. The form of the correlation function is remarkably similar to one predicted in the mosaic theory of the glass transition, and we relate the nature of the growing correlations to the entropy of packings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSFORMATIONS IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT THE IMPACT OF THE EMPLOYEES ’ VOICE IN THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL: APPLIED RESEARCH IN A SAMPLE OF IRAQI PRIVATE BANKS

The current research aims to know the effect of the employees’ voice (as an independent variable) in the formation of social capital in the banks of the research sample (as a dependent variable), as social capital is one of the valuable assets that is reflected through the existence of close personal relationships between individuals, organizations or societies, as the voice of workers contributes to the creation of structural, relational, and cognitive forms of social capital. To support the performance of the organization, by increasing the ability of workers to contribute to decision-making in organizations, which indicates that it is a mechanism for fruitful cooperation between workers to increase the long-term sustainability of the organization and the economic well-being of workers. The research adopted the analytical survey of (140) individuals from specialists and employees in banks who occupy positions (Managing Director, Associate Director, Director of Department) in twelve private commercial banks (Business Bay, Al-Mansour Investment, Middle East, Iraqi Commercial, Iraqi Investment, Iraqi National, Ashur International, Baghdad, Trans-Iraq, Sumer Commercial, Iraqi Credit, international investment development using the program statistician (SPSS.V.28) and statistical tools. The most important conclusions were that the private bank administrations, the more they showed their interest in the voice of employees within their overall strategies, in terms of their interest and response to suggestions and constructive ideas, the more this reflected the direct impact on social capital and the integration of employees towards achieving their goals more, which leads to support the trend towards achieving the excellence of those banks. It is superior to other competing banks in the market. It is necessary for the departments of the surveyed banks to pay attention to following up the reality of the voice of their employees and to develop appropriate solutions and treatments for their problems and to provide environment a job banking suitable to gather and interaction social, to support Confidence and awareness and coherence and work collective.
Design and Performance of a Trap‐Based Positron Beam Source

Positron traps have been demonstrated to have the capability for producing high‐quality positron beams and intense positron pulses for a variety of scientific and technological applications including atomic physics experiments and probes for materials science. Techniques for accumulating positrons in traps have now advanced to the point where the development of commercial trap‐based positron beam systems is feasible. Trap‐based beams offer advantages over conventional positron beam systems, including the ability to produce ultra‐cold positron beams, giant positron pulses, and ultra‐short pulses. They also enable high‐efficiency brightness enhancement schemes. The design and performance of a new trap‐based positron beam system is described.
Wave Active Low Pass Filter Employing Modern Active Block VDDIBA

This paper presents a second and third-order wave active low pass filter (WALPF) using modern active block Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VDDIBA) with a lower supply voltage of 1V. The wave-active approach is chosen for the filter designing to get a higher order, lower sensitivity, modular and stable filter structure. The design procedure of WALPF involves the implementation of wave-active equivalent for series inductor and shunt capacitor. And it needs to realize the subtractor block physically, and the lossy subtractor integrator block using VDDIBA gives a flavor of differencing voltage property. So, the physical implementation of the subtractor block and the lossy subtractor integrator block goes very smoothly using this block. It is considered a possible reason for reducing active blocks and passive components. Theoretical justification of the proposed WALPF is achieved by using the wave-equivalent concept of the wave-active approach. This method of WAF design consists of only one resistor and capacitor, making the filter structure less complex easy to use with a cut-off frequency of 10MHz. Finally, the workability test is examined with the PSPICE simulation that results in the WALPF frequency response using 180 nm TSMC CMOS technology parameter for VDDIBA.
Correction of radial distortion for fish eye lens camera model using code V

This work proposes a design of compensation for radial distortion of the barrel and pincushion distortion on picture geometry, both of which damage the image by utilizing the fisheye design model in the code v tool as the basis for the compensation. In order to prevent the picture's form from degrading, this model was constructed using image angle height mapping. As a result, there are two stages to this paper. The first step is to create a fish eye design model that has a field of vision (FOV) of 180 degrees by selecting the most appropriate optical design specification and design parameters. The second step is an examination of the design model utilizing several Code V choices, such as 2D image simulation (ISM), modulation transfer function, spot diagram, and distortion grid. Radial distortion compensation suggests the projection mapping model as a solution to this problem; this model also incorporates the stereographic approach. The compensation outcome is displayed by the 2D picture simulation using the most advanced quantitative measurements and state-of-the-art methods.
Dispersion map optimisation in WDM transmission systems

We present a general method for optimising the dispersion map design for WDM transmission systems. For systems with only lumped amplification, the optimum dispersion map can be fully determined from the nonlinear effects. For Raman amplified systems, a trade off is required between nonlinearity and noise performance, making the optimisation process more complex.
Comparison of various CNN encoders for image captioning

Image captioning is the ability of machines to study the features of an image and then give a textual description of that image. It uses computer vision to extract the features from the image and natural language processing for generating the caption. Image captioning requires both Image analysis and natural language processing. It is a very important task for further research on visual intelligence in line with human perception. In this project we will compare the different CNN pretrained models that are available like VGG16, RESNET50, Xception and INCEPTION and find out which performs better for image captioning.
NABILD: Noise And Blur Invariant Local Descriptor for Face Recognition

Most of the existing local descriptors unable to perform well in front of noise and blur variations. Additionally there are very less descriptors persist in literature which are noise and blur invariant. To remedy this challenge the proposed work launch novel descriptor under noise and blur changes so-called Noise and Blur Invariant Local Descriptor (NABILD). With respect to two artificial noises i.e. Gaussian White Noise (GWN) and Salt & Pepper Noise (SPN) with artificial image blurring, the NABILD is introduced. Precisely NABILD takes essentials of two well performed descriptors with respect to noise and blur variations. The first one is Median Robust Extended LBP based on Neighborhood Intensity (MRELBP-NI) and second one is Multiscale Local Phase Quantization (MLPQ). MRELBP-NI is very effective in controlling GWN and SPN due to the capturing of microstructure and macrostructure information. LPQ is the efficient blur invariant descriptor as it quantizes the phase. By considering the merits of both of these descriptors their features are integrated into one framework called as NABILD. To lower down the feature dimension FLDA is deployed and classification is conducted by SVMs. Experiments on ORL face dataset confirm strength of NABILD against other tested descriptors in noise and blur variations. Various literature methods are also outclassed by NABILD.
Design of High speed Multiplier using Input Scrambled 5-3 compressor for Error Tolerant image processing

The imprecise multiplier has received a lot of attention for many high-performance systems used today such as in Image Processing, Microprocessors where multiplication is one of the fundamental operations. In order to shorten the reduction stages of imprecise multiplier which is essential for reducing the critical path delay, complexity and power consumption, higher compressor adders are employed. In this paper, a novel comparison technique for approximation is implemented using a 5:3 compressor which is area, power, and delay efficient. This compressor is used for developing an 8x8 multiplier. Then the proposed 8x8 multiplier and the existing multiplies are compared for various factors including the evaluation analysis of error rate (ER) and normalised error distance (NED). When compared to existing designs, the proposed 5:3 compressor has a better delay of 18%. After image multiplication, the recommended multiplier is utilised to compare PSNR.
Coverage Optimization in LoRa with Diverse Fading Wireless Channels

In LoRa (Long Range) network, the Probability of Coverage (PoCov) in the LoRa User Equipment (UEs) is evaluated in diverse fading wireless channels through closed expressions, particularly considering the distribution of Nakagami and Rayleigh wireless fading channels. The PoCov in Nakagami-m fading channel has been calculated approximately, similarly, the PoCov in Rayleigh fading channel was evaluated in an extract manner. Moreover, we see the effect of diverse interference under PoCov performance. In particular, consider interferences such as intra Spreading Factor (SF), inter SF, and both inter and intra SF.
Design and Simulation of Miniaturization of Triangular Shape Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using AMC Surface for 5G Applications

A Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) is a radio antenna. It is built up of ceramic material into blocks of various forms and is generally suitable at frequencies larger than 1 GHz (microwave frequencies and higher than microwave frequencies). Using this Dielectric Resonator Antenna, the operating frequency is achieved at 4.8GHz for 5G applications like IOT (Internet of Things), AI (Artificial Intelligence). Here, artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface is used to miniaturize a triangular shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA). There are nine tiny copper patches forms the Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) surface having gap of 1.5mm between the patches. AMC is installed on FR4 substrate which has dielectric constant as 4.4. On the AMC surface, a Dielectric Resonator (DR) of dielectric constant 2.2 is placed. The surface of the Artificial Magnetic Conductor is shorted with ground metal using tiny metallic vias. Antenna characteristics such as antenna gain, resonant frequency, and efficiency will not be affected due to the usage of Dielectric Resonator. As a result, the overall volume of DRA is significantly diminishing. There are three primary aspects in this design: (a) Impedance matching using a Parasitic Metallic Strip (b) Design miniaturisation with an AMC surface (c) Simple microstrip line Feeding. Overall volume of Dielectric Resonator Antenna size reduced by 85%. In addition, when compared to the original Dielectric Resonator Antenna without the surface of Artificial Magnetic Conductor, the ground surface is lowered by 15.5 percent.
Simple applications of fundamental solution method in 1 D quantum mechanics A talk given at the conference on : “ Geometry Symmetry and Mechanics I ” Lisbon , 11-16 July 2001

A method of fundamental solutions has been used to show its effectiveness in solving some well known problems of 1D quantum mechanics (barrier penetrations, over-barrier reflections, resonance states), i.e. those in which we look for exponentially small contributions to semiclassical expansions for considered quantities. Its usefulness for adiabatic transitions in two energy level systems is also mentioned. PACS number(s): 03.65. -W , 03.65. Sq , 02.30. Lt , 02.30. Mv
Side Effects of Increasing Participation in a Contextual Design Process: A Knowledge Management Case Study

In a previous case study, we carried out the Contextual Design Process, a user-centred design process, with additional elements of Participatory Design in cooperation with a microenterprise facing the challenge of knowledge management. By involving the users in the ideation phase, we noticed several side effects on the company and its members. Using Reflexive Thematic Analysis, we identified patterns revealing these observed effects of our work. The Contextual Design Process promoted the awareness of the company’s internal status focusing problems and the independent addressing of them. In particular the participatory Wall Walk with the company members served as a key event for changes in the company. Furthermore, we discuss our findings on the challenges and implications of a small and consistent user group throughout the user-centred and participatory process.
Online Service Switching Intentions and Attitudes towards Data Portability – The Role of Technology-related Attitudes and Privacy

The European General Data Protection Regulation aims at empowering users of online services. In particular, the Right to Data Portability is intended to facilitate switching between online services by allowing users to port data between service providers. However, little is known about psychological factors that influence whether users desire switching between services and using data portability. Identifying such factors could support the design of user-friendly data portability solutions and awareness-raising measures, thereby strengthening users’ digital sovereignty. The present study therefore examines predictors of users’ intentions to switch online services and their attitudes towards data portability (i.e., intention to use portability). Drawing upon related research, switching intentions and attitudes towards data portability are assumed to be affected by users’ technology acceptance, technology competency and subjective importance of privacy. An online quantitative questionnaire study with a large, sociodemographically diverse German sample (N = 995) was conducted, and data were analyzed via logistic regression modelling. The results reveal that switching intentions are more prevalent among users who attach great importance to privacy, users who are open towards new technologies, as well as younger users and users with a university degree. Higher importance of privacy and higher technology competency are linked to an increased desire to use data portability. Users reported the greatest need for data portability for data-storage (i.e., cloud) services. From the results, conclusions for implementing user-friendly data portability solutions and public information campaigns are drawn, and directions for further user-centered research on online service switching and data portability are discussed.
Articulate+ : An Always-Listening Natural Language Interface for Creating Data Visualizations

Natural Language Interfaces and Voice User Interfaces for expressing data visualizations face ambiguities, such as, speech disfluency, under-specification, and abbreviations. In this paper, we describe Articulate+, an Artificial Intelligence Agent that is always listening, built to disambiguate requests while also spontaneously presenting informative visualizations. We conducted a preliminary user study to gain insight into the issues involved in providing an always-listening interface for data visualization. Our early results suggest that by leveraging Articulate+’s always-listening interface, users are able to obtain their desired visualizations with fewer queries while also being able to benefit from spontaneous visualizations generated by the system.
Man-machine stereo-TV computer vision system for noncontact measurement

The structural description of the scene and/or the geometrical performances of the scene objects are insufficient for many tasks of robot control. The complexity of natural scenes as well as the great variety of tasks makes the human operator indispensable for images interpretation. His responsibility lies in indicating the interesting regions (objects) and in helping to establish a good hypothesis about the location of the object in the case of difficult identifying situations. The man-machine computer vision stereo-measurement system (CVMS) allows to create the systems for navigation and control by mobile and manipulating teleoperated robots in a new fashion to make them more adaptive to changes of the external conditions. This paper gives a description of CVMS for non- contact measurements. Three-dimensional coordinates of object points are defined after ones indicating by mouse of the human operator, by indicating with mouse. The measuring points are indicated in monocular image, therefore specified glasses are not required for stereo scope. The system baseline may be increased as compared with distance between human eyes, then measurement accuracy may be also increased. The CVMS contains the one or two TV-cameras and personal computer equipped by input/output board of images. The system breadboard was tested on remote control transport robot.