Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cultural Structuring of Parenting and Universal Developmental Tasks

Objective. This study explores middle-class Anglo and Puerto Rican mothers' beliefs and self-reported practices related to infant feeding, sleeping, and toilet training. Design. Open-ended interviews were conducted with 60 mothers (Anglo = 32, Puerto Rican = 28) in their homes when their infants were 8 months of age. Results. Compared to Puerto Rican mothers, Anglo mothers had earlier age expectations regarding feeding-related milestones, were more likely to use the strategy of providing opportunities for learning, more likely to refer to emotional components of the learning process, such as pride or self-esteem, and less likely to use parental control or guidance. Puerto Rican mothers emphasized instrumental independence, or the ability to perform tasks without help, whereas Anglo mothers focused on emotional autonomy, or concern about the child's inner self. Conclusions. Puerto Rican mothers' emphasis on encouraging instrumental independence suggests a more nuanced perspective regarding such broad rubrics as "individualism" and "sociocentrism. " In particular, Puerto Rican mothers tended to view instrumental independence as necessary for meeting societal expectations. Thus, independence need not solely be associated with the values of mothers from individualistic cultures. However, Puerto Rican mothers' focus on instrumental independence is distinct from Anglo mothers' emphasis on emotional autonomy and appears to serve larger sociocentric goals.
Isolation and Characterization of S-RNase-homologous Genes Expressed in Styles in ‘Hyuganatsu’ (Citrus tamurana hort. ex Tanaka)

In this study, S-RNase-homologous genes expressed in styles were isolated from a gametophytic selfincompatible citrus cultivar, ‘Hyuganatsu’. Sweet orange and clementine genome databases were searched to identify 13 ribonuclease T2 (T2 RNase) genes. Further blast searches using citrus EST databases were conducted with these 13 sequences as queries to obtain five additional EST sequences. Known T2 RNase genes, including the S-RNases of Rosaceae, Solanaceae, and Plantaginaceae were retrieved from the public database. All data collected from the databases were combined to make a dataset for phylogenetic analysis. From the phylogenetic tree, 10 citrus sequences were found to be monophyletic to the clade of S-RNases. Degenerate primers were designed from these genes to identify similar sequences in cDNA derived from ‘Hyuganatsu’ styles. RT-PCR and 3' and 5' RACE resulted in the isolation of three S-RNase-like sequences; these sequences were further characterized. Pistil-specific gene expression was confirmed for all sequences by RT-PCR; Citrus tamurana RNase1 (CtRNS1) and RNase3 (CtRNS3) had basic pI values (> 8) and molecular weights of approximately 25 kDa, consistent with S-RNase features of other families. The distribution of CtRNS1, CtRNS2, and CtRNS3 was investigated using 10 citrus cultivars. CtRNS1 and CtRNS2 did not correspond to any S-haplotypes in the 10 cultivars, while CtRNS3 matched the citrus’ S1-haplotype.
Towards Ontology-Based Realtime Behaviour Interpretation

The authors describe a generic framework for model-based behaviour interpretation and its application to monitoring aircraft service activities. Behaviour models are represented in a standardised conceptual knowledge base using OWL-DL for concept definitions and the extension SWRL for constraints. The conceptual knowledge base is automatically converted into an operational scene interpretation system implemented in Java and JESS that accepts tracked objects as input and delivers high-level activity descriptions as output. The interpretation process employs Beam Search for exploring the interpretation space, guided by a probabilistic rating system. The probabilistic model cannot be efficiently represented in the ontology, but it has been designed to closely correspond to the compositional hierarchy of behaviour concepts. Experiments are described that demonstrate the system performance with real airport data.
Genetic diversity study of Ethiopian hot pepper cultivars (Capsicum spp.) using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) marker

Hot pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an economically important spice widely cultivated and consumed in Ethiopia. In spite of its wide importance, there is no information available on the molecular genetic diversity of this crop. Cultivars characterization is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources in various breeding programs. Using five ISSR primers, a total of 37 scorable bands were generated of which 35 (94.6%) were polymorphic bands. The diversity of polymorphic bands within population ranged from 51.35% to 91.89 % with a mean of 66.6 %, Nei’s genetic diversity of 0.19 - 0.30 with a mean of 0.28, and Shannon information index of 0.29 - 0.45 with a mean of 0.43. With all diversity parameters, the highest diversity was obtained from amhara2 populations, whilst the lowest was from Oromia2. From Jaccard’s pairwise similarity coefficient, Oromia1 and oromia2 were the most related populations exhibiting 0.956 similarity and Semn omo and Amhara 2 were the most distantly related populations with similarity of 0.827. Clustering was showed that there is strong correlation between geographic distance and genetic diversity of Ethiopian hot peppers cultivars because geographically closely related species have been clustered together. Amhara 2 populations exhibited the highest genetic diversity so that the populations should be considered as the primary sites in designing conservation areas for this crop in Ethiopia. Further, it is suggested that molecular markers are valid tags for the assessment of genetic diversity in Capsicum spp. cultivars.
High resolution nonlinear registration with simultaneous modelling of intensities

This paper describes and evaluates FMRIB’s nonlinear image registration tool (FNIRT), that is part of the FMRIB software library (FSL). It is a small deformation framework using sum of squared differences (SSD) as its cost function and Gauss-Newton for minimisation. The framework uses a joint shape and intensity model that attempts to explain the observed differences between two images in terms of having different shape and/or contrast, being differently affected by intensity bias-fields etc. Thus the estimation of the warps will be relatively unaffected by intensity differences that would otherwise violate the assumptions behind the SSD cost function. It uses a projection onto a manifold defined by a specified range of allowed Jacobian determinants to ensure that the warps are diffeomorphic. The utility of the model is demonstrated on a variety of simulated and experimental data with good results. FNIRT is also quantitatively evaluated using previously published datasets consisting of scans from multiple subjects, all with anatomically defined brain regions that are manually outlined. In this evaluation FNIRT performs well in comparison to previously published results with other registration algorithms.
Monroig O, Tocher DR, Hontoria F & Navarro JC (2013) Functional characterisation of a Fads2 fatty acyl desaturase with delta6/delta8 activity and an Elovl5 with C16, C18 and C20 elongase activity in the anadromous teleost meagre

Functional characterisation of a Fads2 fatty acyl desaturase with delta6/delta8 activity and an Elovl5 with C16, C18 and C20 elongase activity in the anadromous teleost meagre NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Aquaculture. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Aquaculture, Title 1 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in teleosts: Functional characterisation of 2 fatty acyl desaturase (Fads2) and Elovl5 elongase in the meagre Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 3 1801) 4
Modeling framework and comparison of memristive devices and associated STDP learning windows for neuromorphic applications

This paper presents a comparative synthesis of the suitability of three memristive device technologies and their corresponding spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) learning windows for neuromorphic applications. The physical mechanisms behind the nonlinear switching memristive dynamics of ReRAM, based on titanium dioxide, ferroelectric tunnel junctions, and phase change memory are analyzed towards the development of accurate and computationally efficient compact models which are implemented as a Verilog-A description. The developed Verilog-A compact models are separately validated and compared with the measurement data. Moreover, the asynchronous STDP learning rule is implemented using the above mentioned memristive devices as artificial synapse for spike-based neuromorphic computing. The considered memristive technologies are compared and discussed towards their integration in fast and/or large-scale circuit implementations.
Wavelet–Neural–Network Control for Maximization of Energy Capture in Grid Connected Variable Speed Wind Driven Self- Excited Induction Generator System

Recently, the wind generation systems are attracting attention as a clean and safe renewable energy source. Induction machines have many advantageous characteristics such as high ro‐ bustness, reliability and low cost. Therefore, induction machines are used in high-perform‐ ance applications, which require independent torque and flux control. The induction machines may be used as a motor or a generator. Self-excited induction generators (SEIG) are good candidates for wind-power electricity generation especially in remote areas, be‐ cause they do not need an external power supplies to produce the excitation magnetic fields in [1–3]. The excitation can be provided by a capacitor bank connected to the stator wind‐ ings of the induction generator. Magnetizing inductance is the main factor for voltage buildup of the IG. The minimum and maximum values of capacitance required for self-excitation have been analyzed previously in [4–7].
Tree Mortality Following Mixed-Severity Prescribed Fire Dramatically Alters the Structure of a Developing Pinus taeda Forest on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain

This case study documents the aftermath of a mixed-severity prescribed fire conducted during the growing season in a young loblolly pine forest. The specific management objective involved killing a substantial proportion of the overstory trees and creating an open-canopy habitat. The burn generated canopy openings across 26% of the 25-ha burn block, substantially altering the horizontal structure. Mortality of pines was high and stems throughout the size distribution were impacted; stem density was reduced by 60% and basal area and aboveground biomass (AGB) by ~30% at the end of the first growing season. A nonlinear regression model fit to plot data portrays a positive relationship between high stocking (i.e., relative density > 0.60) and postburn mortality. Survival of individual trees was reliably modeled with logistic regression, including variables describing the relative reduction in the size of tree crowns following the burn. Total AGB recovered rapidly, on average exceeding levels at the time of the burn by 23% after six growing seasons. Intentional mixed-severity burning effectively created persistent canopy openings in a young fire-tolerant precommercial-sized pine forest, meeting our objectives of structural alteration for habitat restoration.
Survival of Salmonids from an Experimental Commercial Fish Trap

Conventional harvest techniques used in mixed-stock commercial salmon fisheries frequently result in bycatch mortality, thereby impeding salmonid recovery and constraining fishing opportunities in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. To address the problem, a postrelease survival study was conducted in the Columbia River to evaluate the potential of an experimental salmon trap for stock-selective commercial harvest. A modified fish trap was constructed and operated in 2017, from August through September, with the goal of minimizing entanglement, air exposure, crowding, and handling of all captured fishes. Postrelease survival from the trap was estimated through a paired release–recapture study. Results demonstrate that the trap effectively targeted commercially viable quantities of hatchery-origin Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Coho Salmon O. kisutch while reducing bycatch mortality rates relative to conventional commercial fishing gears. During the study, 7,129 salmonids were captured. The postrelease survival effect over a 400-km migration ranged from 0.944 ( SE __ = 0.046) for steelhead O. mykiss to 0.995 ( SE __ = 0.078) for Chinook Salmon, supporting the potential application of traps for stock-selective commercial harvest.
Factors that Affect the Immunogenicity of Lipid-PLGA Nanoparticle-Based Nanovaccines against Nicotine Addiction

Tobacco smoking has consistently been the leading cause of preventable diseases and premature deaths. Currently, pharmacological interventions have only shown limited smoking cessation efficacy and sometimes are associated with severe side effects. As an alternative, nicotine vaccines have emerged as a promising strategy to combating nicotine addiction. However, conventional conjugate nicotine vaccines have shown limited ability to induce a sufficiently strong immune response due to their intrinsic shortfalls. In this study, a lipid-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle-based next-generation nicotine vaccine has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of conjugate nicotine vaccines. Also, the influence of multiple factors, including nanoparticle size, hapten density, hapten localization, carrier protein, and molecular adjuvants, on its immunogenicity has been investigated. Results indicated that all these studied factors significantly affected the immunological efficacy of the nicotine nanovaccine. First, 100 nm nanovaccine was found to elicit a significantly higher antinicotine antibody titer than the 500 nm nanovaccine. Secondly, the high-density nanovaccine exhibited a better immunological efficacy than the lowand medium-density counterparts. Thirdly, the nanovaccine with hapten localized on both carrier protein and nanoparticle surface induced a significantly higher anti-nicotine antibody titer and had a considerably better ability to block nicotine from entering the brain of mice than the nanovaccines with hapten localized only on carrier protein or nanoparticle surface. Fourthly, the nanovaccines carrying cross reactive materials 197 (CRM197) or tetanus toxoid (TT) showed a better immunological efficacy than the nanovaccines using keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or KLH subunit as carrier proteins. Finally, the co-delivery of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and Resiquimod (R848) achieved a considerably higher antibody titer and brain nicotine reduction than only using MPLA or R848 alone as adjuvants. Collectively, the findings from this study may lead to a better understanding of the impact of multiple factors on the immunological efficacy of the hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine nanovaccine. The findings may also provide significant guidance for the development of other drug abuse and nanoparticle-based vaccines. In addition, the optimized lipid-PLGA hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine nanovaccine obtained by modulating the studied factors can be a promising candidate as the next-generation nicotine vaccine for treating nicotine addiction. Factors that Affect the Immunogenicity of Lipid-PLGA Nanoparticle-Based Nanovaccines against Nicotine Addiction
Translations: Effects of Viewpoint, Feature, and Naming on Identifying Repeatedly Copied Drawings

We explored the tension between bottom–up and top–down contributions to object recognition in a collaboration between a visual artist and a cognitive psychologist. Initial pictorial renderings of objects and animals from various viewpoints were iteratively copied, and a series of drawings that changed from highly concrete images into highly abstract images was produced. In drawing identification in which sets were shown in reverse order, participants were more accurate, more confident, and quicker to correctly identify the evolving image when it was originally displayed from a canonical viewpoint with all salient features present. In drawing identification in which images were shown in random order, more abstract images could be resolved as a result of previously identifying a more concrete iteration of the same drawing. The results raise issues about the influence of viewpoint and feature on the preservation of pictorial images and about the role of labelling in the interpretation of ambiguous stimuli. In addition, the study highlights a procedure in which visual stimuli can degrade without necessitating a substantial loss of complexity.
Acute kidney injury in critically ill cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a comparison of KDIGO and ICA criteria

Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important independent predictor of mortality in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). However, the definition of AKI in cirrhosis has been debated for many years. This study aims to compare the prediction accuracy of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) and International Club of Ascites (ICA) criteria for hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients with SBP admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Material and methods Two hundred and sixteen cirrhotic patients with SBP consecutively admitted to the ICU during 2010–2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic parameters and clinical variables were collected with case report forms. Risk factors for hospital mortality were identified through a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The predictive value of ICA and KDIGO criteria was analyzed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The primary endpoint was hospital mortality. Results Overall hospital mortality in our population was 73.6%. Incidence of AKI was 83.8% and 81.5% according to the KDIGO and ICA classifications respectively, associated with increased in-hospital and 180-day mortality. The AKI was an independent risk factor for hospital mortality. The risk factor of AKI according to KDIGO was greater than that of ICA. The AUROC for in-hospital mortality for ICA and KDIGO was 0.730 and 0.752, respectively. However, the predictive ability of ICA criteria for in-hospital mortality was non-inferior to that of KDIGO criteria (p = 0.123). Conclusions Both ICA and KDIGO criteria were good tools with excellent prediction performance for hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients with SBP admitted to the ICU.
Subjective Knowledge in Consumer Financial Decisions

The authors propose that attempts to increase consumers’ objective knowledge (OK) regarding financial instruments can deter willingness to invest when such attempts diminish consumers’ subjective knowledge (SK). In four studies, the authors use different SK manipulations and investment products to show that investment decisions are influenced by SK, independent of OK. Specifically, they find that (1) willingness to pursue a risky investment increases when SK is high (vs. low) relative to a prior investment choice (Study 1); (2) willingness to enroll in a retirement saving program is enhanced by asking consumers an easy (vs. difficult) question about finance, thereby increasing SK (Study 2); (3) technically elaborating information about a mutual fund diminishes SK regarding that investment and decreases choice of that fund (Study 3); and (4) consumers invest less money in funds when missing information is made salient, holding the objective investment information constant (Study 4). Furthermore, the effects in Studies 2–4 are mediated by participants’ self-rated SK. The authors propose that effective financial education must focus not only on imparting relevant information and enhancing OK but also on promoting higher levels of SK.
Caractérisation des connectivités structurelle et fonctionnelle des paysages fragmentés sur sols ultramafiques. Projet Corifor

L'objectif principal du projet CoRiFor est de determiner dans quelle mesure la fragmentation actuelle des paysages agit sur les relations liant la composition (floristique et biologique) des peuplements forestiers avec la structure (superficie et distance inter-isolat) d'un environnement forestier fragmente.
Using Randomized Controlled Trials to Estimate Long-Run Impacts in Development Economics

We assess evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on long-run economic productivity and living standards in poor countries. We first document that several studies estimate large positive long-run impacts, but that relatively few existing RCTs have been evaluated over the long run. We next present evidence from a systematic survey of existing RCTs, with a focus on cash transfer and child health programs, and show that a meaningful subset can realistically be evaluated for long-run effects. We discuss ways to bridge the gap between the burgeoning number of development RCTs and the limited number that have been followed up to date, including through new panel (longitudinal) data; improved participant tracking methods; alternative research designs; and access to administrative, remote sensing, and cell phone data. We conclude that the rise of development economics RCTs since roughly 2000 provides a novel opportunity to generate high-quality evidence on the long-run drivers of living standards.
Fuel Consumption Minimization, With Emissions Constraints, for Diesel Powered Cars

State-of-the-art engine models are used to study the emissions production, and fuel consumption minimization, of a typical diesel-powered road car operating on a variable-gradient road. The engine models, which have been fit to measured test cell data, are used to represent both the performance and emissions generation characteristics of a typical diesel-fuelled car engine. A simple example is used to highlight the impact of elevation changes on the main structural features of fuel optimal control problems (OCPs). A typical semiurban test route with legislated speed limits and enforced stops is used for performance evaluation purposes. The optimal functioning of a discrete-gear automatic transmission system, as opposed to a simple continuously variable transmission, is studied in detail. The main focus of this paper is to evaluate the importance of 3-D road influences (gradient and curvature), preimposed time-of-arrival constraints, enforced stops, and emissions constraints on the fuel consumption and optimal driving of typical diesel-powered road vehicles. This paper proposes the use of multiple-phase optimal control to elicit a better understanding of “real” driving situations and motivates a move away from standardized drive cycles.