Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First application of the QBS-ar Index in South America for the assessment of the biological quality of soils in Chile

The QBS-ar (Biological Quality of Soil, based on arthropods) index was applied in Coyhaique National Reserve (Chile). The aims of our research were to assess the abundance and diversity of soil microarthropods in different South American habitats, evaluating to what extent chemical parameters and seasonal changes of weather conditions can affect these organisms. Moreover we wanted to verify if the QBS-ar index was applicable in the Neotropical biogeographic region in order to distinguish between habitats subject to different levels and types of disturbance. Therefore, four habitats were investigated: primary native Nothofagus spp. forest (OG), native forest of secondary growth after fi res (SG), reforestation pine forest (PI) and anthropogenic grassland (PR). During each of seven sampling sessions (nearly one every 10 days) between October and December 2017, fi ve 1 liter soil cores were collected in each habitat. Microarthropods extracted by means of Berlese-Tullgren funnels were counted, identifi ed to the order level and evaluated based on their morphological adaptation to life in soil in order to assess QBS-ar values and related quality classes. Both microarthropod communities and QBS-ar values comparisons showed that OG and SG forests are close to each other, and the same is true for PI and PR. Soils of the former couple of habitats were characterized by a much higher biological quality level with QBS-ar values of 129.1 ± 20.2 and 111.8 ± 6.4, respectively, both corresponding to the quality class 6 (out of a maximum of 7). On the contrary, PI and PR scored QBS-ar values of 83 ± 13.5 and 80.3 ± 10.8, respectively, and quality classes ranged between 3 and 4. Relationships among dominant and subdominant microarthropod taxa and environmental variables were analysed. In particular some chemical properties of soils (pH, CaCO3, Nt , soluble P, exchangeable K, organic matter, C/N ratio) and weather variables (cumulated rainfalls and mean temperatures during the 7 days before each sampling session) were considered. This is the fi rst time the QBS-ar index has been applied in the Southern Hemisphere. Our results seem to indicate this index can be “exported” also to South America, resulting a useful tool for a user friendly assessment of the impact on terrestrial environments by different forms of disturbances and of habitat management. Keywords
Relational long-term breastfeeding

ABSTRACT This article uses a relationality-sensitive perspective to analyse long-term breastfeeding. The data was gathered through open invitations to write, and the article is based on the written reflections of 39 long-term breastfeeding Finnish mothers. In Finland, the breastfeeding of babies is strongly supported, but long-term breastfeeding (over 12 months) is a more conflicted issue, and the cultural norm of one year of breastfeeding is strong. Through qualitative content analysis, the article shows how mothers reflect on long-term breastfeeding’s effects on their relations with their breastfed children, partners (if any), relatives and healthcare professionals. The findings show that long-term breastfeeding is often a rewarding experience, but that it takes place in a network of relations and has effects on those relations. With a relationality-sensitive approach to breastfeeding, we can better understand how mothering is done in and through relations with others, and how mothers express the need for a change in attitudes towards long-term breastfeeding. This article gives a voice to mothers who are often silent in our society, and therefore participates in the feminist empowerment of women and especially mothers.
Organizing Complex Product Development: Outsourcing, Performance Integration and the Role of Product Architecture

Several streams of recent literature emphasize the advantages of involving external sources of innovation in the process of developing complex products (Powell et al., 1996; Helper et al., 2000; Sturgeon, 2002; Chesbrough, 2003). The question we tackle in the present article is 'What are the key micro organizational decisions for seizing the benefits of a networked innovation strategy? ' Building on empirical evidence gathered over a ten-year period at a major European automotive manufacturer, the article presents empirical insights on the organizational challenges that firms face when they decide to rely on external sources of innovation in developing complex products. The empirical evidence highlights two aspects that are important: The role of component specific knowledge in addressing the integration of overall product performance, and the role of learning by doing opportunities in accumulating component specific knowledge. The article shows how managers can greatly benefit from focusing their attention on the organizational aspects of leveraging external sources of innovation and adjusting their innovation strategy, including 'make or buy' choices, accordingly. Strategic and micro organizational decisions, hence, should be considered as tightly coupled and mutually influencing in the context of complex product development. This quite intuitive outcome has been partially neglected in current innovation literature and management practice due to an overemphasis given to product architecture and the possibilities in terms of organization that it enables.
Risiko Kematian Pasien Covid-19 dan Faktor yang Memengaruhinya

Perkembangan jumlah kasus Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan, dimana persentase kenaikan jumlah kasus yang terjadi di Sumatera relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan tingkat nasional. Daya penyebaran Covid-19 yang cepat mengakibatkan jumlah orang yang terpapar dan meninggal akibat Covid-19 semakin meningkat. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ketahanan hidup dan faktor yang memengaruhi risiko kematian pasien Covid-19. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUP H. Adam Malik yang merupakan rumah sakit rujukan bagi pasien Covid-19 serta sebagai rumah sakit pendidikan. Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil pencatatan rekam medis pasien Covid-19 periode Maret-Oktober 2020. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah survival analysis, yaitu model proportional hazard dengan menerapkan distribusi eksponensial. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pasien Covid-19 yang memiliki risiko kematian lebih tinggi terjadi pada pasien laki-laki, memiliki gejala sesak nafas, memiliki riwayat komorbiditas, dan tingkat keparahan tinggi.
Cost Estimating Models for Utility Rehabilitation Projects: Neural Networks versus Regression

Due to the poor condition of the sewer and water networks in many communities across the United States, many rehabilitation projects are being undertaken to improve their condition. With limited availability of funds, early and accurate prediction of project costs is highly desirable. Accurate prediction of cost does not only assure allocation of adequate budgets for successful completion but also assists in proper utilization of available limited resources. This paper describes the development of cost estimating models for sewer and water network repair projects. To develop these models, data from a set of 54 projects were used. Data pertaining to these projects were first processed to identify the factors that highly impact the overall cost. These factors were then further processed using two approaches, namely, artificial neural networks and regression analysis, to develop the cost estimating models. A comparison of the accuracy of the predictions from two approaches indicated that the artificial neura.
Characterization of Single-Event Upsets Induced by High-LET Heavy Ions in 16-nm Bulk FinFET SRAMs

For advanced technology nodes, the static random access memories (SRAMs) are highly vulnerable to the single-event upsets (SEUs), especially the multiple cell upsets (MCUs), by a high-energy ion strike, which is due to the small transistor size and close proximity of the sensitive regions. However, the narrow connection between the fin and the bulk region for fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) inhibits the charge collection compared to the planar transistor structure. In this work, heavy-ion tests were conducted for 16-nm bulk FinFET dual-port SRAMs at two high linear energy transfers (LETs) of 60 and 85 MeV $\cdot $ cm2/mg. The non-saturating behavior of the SEU cross sections and event cross sections for a bit cell is observed even over the LET of 60 MeV $\cdot $ cm2/mg due to the expanding of the sensitive area surrounding the array and the cutting-off area in the FinFET SRAM cells. The distribution curves of the MCU event probabilities for different MCU cluster sizes show that the single-bit upset (SBU) occupies the largest probability of all the single-event cluster sizes, which exhibits the inhibition capability of the Fin structure against the upsets induced by high-energy particles. The parasitic bipolar effect (PBE) is also serious for 16-nm FinFET SRAMs as former planar SRAM, but the charge-sharing effect is effectively inhibited due to the narrow connection between the fin and the bulk region for FinFET. Results presented in this article will help designers estimate the error correcting code (ECC) and interleaving design parameters for radiation-hardened SRAM designs at the 16-nm FinFET process.
The discovery of structural elements and zones of hydrothermal alterations by using ASTER satellite data in the margins of Gadabay and Murovdag ore districts (Lesser Caucasus, Azerbaijan)

The article considers the discovery of structural elements, zones of hydrothermal alterations and mineralization in the margins of Gadabay and Murovdag regions and the study of prospective areas for mineralization characterized by them by using ASTER satellite data. The main purpose of the research is the definition of the lithological composition of rocks, ring and linear structures and zones of hydrothermal alterations with the help of remote-sensing methods and by better technological development of special radiometric data. In order to detect the lithological composition of associated rocks of alteration zone of endogenous ores, 14 channel data of ASTER has been used. By using stereoscopic images obtained from ASTER data, it was determined that hydrothermal alterations are mainly represented by alunitization, kaolinization, sericitization, silication, pyropilitization and silification in the studied ore regions. These changes were shown to be characteristic for copper-porphyry, gold- copper pyrite, copper-polymetal and gold-copper-porphyry deposits. Strip ratios, principal component analysis (PCA), minimum of noise fraction (MNF) and selection method for least squares (LS) have been used to map hydrothermal alteration zones. The ring structures detected in the area, different fault fractures and lineaments are assessed as favourable geological structural factors for alteration and mineralization. The results obtained by ASTER image analysis confirm the presence of derivative minerals which are considered to be the product of hydrothermal alterations which are densely concentrated (kalium spathization, kaolinization, serictization, pyrophyllitization, alunitization) has been confirmed. The points each with private coordinates have been determined (defined) within separate areas with the help of remote data and relevant anomalous maps prepared. These points are considered favourable geological condition in terms of the type and intensity of hydrothermal alterations in the area. Such areas are considered a sign of indirect search significant for the detection of copper-polymetallic, copper-porphyry, copper-pyrite and gold-pyrite type of mineralization with epithermal origin in the region.
Monolithic Silicon-Based Photovoltaic-Nanoplasmonic Biosensor With Enhanced Limit of Detection and Minimum Detectable Power

On-chip, fully integrated electrical readout nanoplasmonic biosensors are suitable technology for the increasing demands of compact, portable, cost-efficient, and sensitive biosensors. In this paper, an ultra-compact photonic biosensor based on plasmonic nanostructure integrated with a PIN photovoltaic detector in a single chip is presented. The refractive index of different biosamples results in a shift in the surface plasmon resonance wavelength of the biosensor, and the PIN photovoltaic detector measures the intensity of transmitted light from the photonic structure at the plasmonic resonance wavelength. The biosensor shows a linear optical response of 354 nm/RIU and electrical sensitivity of about 16.9 mA/W.RIU for a wide range of biosamples. The PIN photovoltaic ultra-low dark current enables an extremely desirable limit of detection of 3 × 10−8 RIU and minimum detectable power of −54 dBm for the biosensor. Moreover, a simple light-emitting diode is used as the light source in the biosensor's structure, which reduces its complexity and price by eliminating any extra optical setups and beam shapers. The presented structure is an important step forward for the realization of practical and handheld lab-on-chip nanophotonic biosensors, which leads to eliminating large clinical laboratories.
High Specific Power Actuators for Robotic Manipulators

Recent advancements in actuator technology suggest that the implementation of reliable, high power-to-weight ratio pneumatic actuation systems is now possible for robotic platforms. Existing robotic manipulator arms for casualty extraction and patient placement use hydraulic actuation, whereas related robotic prosthetic devices typically use heavy actuator motors. We have developed an alternative solution that employs pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs). The goal of this study is to identify requirements for a lightweight, high-force robotic manipulator, design the system for heavy lifting capability, and assemble a prototype arm. Following characterization and comparison of different-sized PAM actuators, a proof-of-concept manipulator was constructed. A quasi-static model for the PAM actuators was applied to the system, which includes the Gaylord force, as well as non-linear elastic energy storage. Experimental testing was performed to measure the joint torque and dynamic response of the manipulator, and to validate the model.
Diagnosis of systematic defects based on design-for-manufacturability guidelines

Gupta, Dhawal K. M.S.E.C. E. , Purdue University, May 2015. Diagnosis of Systematic Defects based on Design-For-Manufacturability Guidelines. Major Professor: Irith Pomeranz. All products in the Very-Large-Scale-Integrated-Circuit (VLSIC) industry go through three major stages of production Design, Verification and Manufacturing. Unfortunately, neither of these stages are truly perfect, hence we need two more sub-stages of manufacturing, namely Testing and Defect Diagnosis to prevent imperfections in ICs. Testing is used to generate test vectors to validate the functionality of the Device-under-Test (DUT), and Defect Diagnosis is the process of identifying the root-cause of a failing chip, i.e., the location and nature of defect. Systematic defects are unintended structural and material changes at specific locations with a higher probability of failure due to repeating manufacturing imperfections. While Design-For-Manufacturability (DFM) guidelines are not always applied due to limited resources like circuit area and design time, enforcing these guidelines helps in ensuring sufficient product yields by preventing systematic defects. However, even if the DFM guidelines are strictly enforced, systematic defects may still occur as complete information about the process and manufacturing is not available due to reducing available time-to-market for chips. An earlier work used DFM guidelines as a basis for modeling of defects, and diagnostic test generation. Under this framework, a circuit is processed to identify layout locations that violate DFM rules. Next, these coordinates are mapped and translated to faults based on different fault models including stuck-at-faults, bridging faults and transition faults.
Interfered-Naming Therapy for Aphasia (INTA): a neuroscience-based approach to improve linguistic-executive processing

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Research just started to combine behavioural, computational, and neural accounts to investigate the nature of post-stroke aphasia, but the dynamic aspect of aphasia recovery has rarely been integrated. Moreover, executive functions in aphasia recently gained attention as an important contributor to language performance. Lexical picture/word interference embraces both executive control and language processing through distracted confrontation naming, as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, we for the first time applied this complex paradigm in diagnostic and therapeutic settings for persons with aphasia (PWA) on the group level. In consideration of behavioural and computational data, we aimed at investigating the neural responses of persons with aphasia (a) to a novel treatment method targeting both word processing and language control by means of interfered-naming, and (b) to the interfering stimuli to determine preserved and impaired processing and changes thereof. Methods and Procedures Nineteen PWA at a mean age of 51 years (range 21–74) and 26 months post-onset (4–63) as well as 22 matched healthy controls were included in a diagnostic fMRI study comprising a pure naming test and the lexical fMRI interference paradigm with five distractor conditions (phonological, associative-semantic, categorical-semantic, unrelated word, unrelated noise) in a 3 T Philips scanner. Twelve participants completed the 4-weeks therapy, 11 the fMRI therapy study. During therapy, both comprehension of the interfering words and distracted but cued picture naming were trained. Outcomes and Results The distribution of lexical-semantic and -phonological impairments of PWA in the computational model was well balanced. The novel linguistic-executive treatment significantly improved pure and interfered naming for the PWA group, fostering generalisation to untrained items, reducing repetition of distractors, and ameliorating lexical-semantic processing. The predicted behavioural effects of distractor types were only found for the two semantic conditions. Neuroimaging revealed right-hemisphere compensation before treatment, activation decrease related to enhanced efficiency due to treatment, and both differential and overlapping responses to distractor types. Key brain regions encompassed inferior frontal gyrus and right posterior middle temporal gyrus as well as the basal temporal language area, cerebellum, and anterior cingulate cortex. Conclusions The novel interfered-naming in aphasia therapy revealed to be effective, but differential effects of distractor types were less prominent than expected. Behavioural, computational, and neural findings converge on identifying semantic-executive processing as the core source of improvements. This account of linguistic-executive processing in aphasia offers a step towards a comprehensive theory of neurorehabilitation.
ROUGHNESS EVALUATION OF JORDAN HIGHWAY NETWORK

Road roughness is defined as an expression of irregularities in the longitudinal profile of pavement surface that adversely affects the ride quality of a vehicle thus causing discomfort to road users. In this research the ARRB Roughometer III was used to measure the roughness of all the primary and secondary highways in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. This is the first time such a study was performed on a national scale. To verify the accuracy of the selected roughometer measuring device, two 500 m sections were surveyed manually using high accuracy level machine and were also surveyed using Roughometer III. Both methods gave very close results for both sections. Coded roughness level maps of the whole road network were generated. A total of 5820 lane km's were surveyed and analysed. After analysing the survey results, it was found that 70 per cent of the surveyed roads were classified as "Excellent" to "Very good", while 20 per cent were classified as "Fair", 8 per cent were in "Poor" condition, and just 2 per cent of the surveyed network was in "Bad" condition. Since about one third of Jordan national highway network is in Fair, Poor and Bad conditions it is recommended that serious actions and maintenance plans should be taken to improve road conditions in Jordan. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E220164.
On the frequency weighted least-square design of finite duration filters

The frequency weighted least-square design of finiteduration filters, in one and two dimensions, continuous and discrete is considered. Some new theoretical results and some practical design techniques for conventional and unconventional filters are presented. In some cases optimum discrete filters can be found conveniently by matrix inversion. In many cases a simple, iterative approximation technique using FFT can be used to carry out the design or to adjust the frequency response of filters.
Surrogate-Based Optimization of Electrothermal Wing Anti-Icing Systems

The optimization of electrothermal in-flight anti-icing systems is presented by introducing a general methodology. The optimization goal was to achieve an ice-free area over the protected zone by using the lowest energy possible. The power and/or length of the electric pads are considered as design variables. The optimization procedure is performed via a derivative-free method that typically needs many objective-function evaluations. This would be impractical as aero-icing flow simulation remains computationally intensive when coupled with conjugate heat-transfer calculations, as in the case of ice-protection systems. The cost is even more prohibitive for an optimization process, as a large number of simulations are needed. To make it practical, this work presents a surrogate-based optimization approach using proper orthogonal decomposition, in conjunction with kriging. The results obtained show that the methodology is efficient and reliable in optimizing electrothermal ice-protection systems in particula.
Filling the Missing Data of Air Pollutant Concentration Using Single Imputation Methods

Hourly measured PM10 concentration at eight monitoring stations within peninsular Malaysia in 2006 was used to conduct the simulated missing data. The gap lengths of the simulated missing values are limited to 12 hours since the actual trend of missingness is considered short. Two percentages of simulated missing gaps were generated that are 5 % and 15 %. A number of single imputation methods (linear interpolation (LI), nearest neighbour interpolation (NN), mean above below (MAB), daily mean (DM), mean 12-hour (12M), mean 6-hour (6M), row mean (RM) and previous year (PY)) were calculated to fill in the simulated missing data. In addition, multiple imputation (MI) was also conducted to compare between the single imputation methods. The performances were evaluated using four statistical criteria namely mean absolute error, root mean squared error, prediction accuracy and index of agreement. The results show that 6M perform comparably well to LI. Thus, this show that the effect of smaller averaging time gives better prediction. Other single imputation methods predict the missing data well except for PY. RM and MI performs moderately with the increasing performance in higher fraction of missing gaps whereas LR makes the worst methods for both simulated missing data percentages.