Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Planar Doppler Velocimetry within Piston Engine Cylinders

The present article describes a method of obtaining the volumetric, steady state, isothermal velocity field of the incylinder flow by means of planar Doppler velocimetry (PDV, also known as Doppler global velocimetry, DGV). The results are used to validate CFD models as well as for the further computation of characteristic quantities such as the swirl and tumble numbers. The PDV-system used for the investigation is optimized for the measurement of timeaveraged velocity data and utilizes three different light sheet directions and a single camera system to provide planar three-component velocity data of the cylindrical cross-section. By traversing the triple light sheet fixture along the cylinder axis (Z-axis), adjacent planes of velocity data are obtained from which the volumetric data set can be reconstructed (Fig. 1). Comparison between these measurements and those obtained through integral methods show very good agreement. Further, reproducibility measurements were carried out and indicate a mean measurement uncertainty of roughly ± 0.5 m/s. Tumble-numbers calculated from this data exhibit a mean variation of less than 1%. The described semi-automated PDV system has been qualified for routine measurements within the engine design cycle as well as for the inspection of production-specific manufacturing tolerances. Acquisition times for a data set as in Figure 1 is on the order of 5 minutes per valve setting (30 seconds per 2-D velocity map). Post-processing of the images is largely automated. Further steps toward full automation are under way.
Fortification of curd using Delonix regia flower petal extract and estimation of its phytochemical, antibacterial & antioxidant activity

Delonix regia commonly known as gulmohar is a traditional medicinally used plant in Africa and Asia. The water extract of flowers is used as a healthy beverage. In this study dried floral petals of Delonix regia were examined for their phytochemicals including total flavanoid, tannin and phenol content, antioxidant efficacy, fat and monomeric anthocyanin content followed by GC-MS analysis for the detection of secondary metabolites and finally antibacterial activity of the extracts prepared with water, methanol and acetone respectively. The results revealed a good antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging assay) with highest for water and satisfactory results for antibacterial activity tested against Shigella, S.epidermidis, and E.coli. The phytochemical analysis showing the presence of phenols, flavanoids and tannins also show these compounds to be present in higher amounts which account for the antioxidant activity as well. The crude alkaloid content was low and fat content was almost negligible <1%. The total monomeric anthocyanin content was tested using the pH differential method. Further the GC-MS analysis provides some data of the secondary metabolites present in the petals, the major ones beingSqualene, Vitamin E, Campesterol, beta. -Sitosterol, Octadecanoic acid, gamma. -Sitosterol. These properties enable the use of this incredible flower in food fortification. The water extract of the petals of Delonix regia was added to the curd subjected to sensory evaluation.
Research on Energy Hole Problem for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Alternation between Dormancy and Work

This paper theoretically proposes a more accurate analytical method for avoiding energy hole in wireless sensor networks with nonuniform node distribution. Based on the typical energy consumption model of wireless sensor networks, we obtain the relationship of the densities of sensor nodes in different regions of network through rigorous mathematical analysis, and prove that if the densities of sensor nodes working at the same time are, the entire work can achieve uniform energy consumption by making the sensor nodes whose density is greater than alternate between dormancy and work. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, we obtain the following conclusions: 1) Under the circumstance that the parameters of network do not change, the network lifetime can increase several times by selecting appropriate transmission radius of sensor node. 2) To achieve uniform energy consumption of network, the densities of sensor nodes whose distances from the base station are different should be different. Even if the sensor nodes were in the same circular ring, the densities of sensor nodes in different places should not the same. 3) Through nonuniform node distribution and alternation between dormancy and work, the efficiency of network can increase several times and the residual energy of network is nearly zero when the network lifetime ends. Therefore, our research can give a significant guidance on the optimization of wireless sensor networks.
Opinions of the public, conservationists and magistrates on sentencing wildlife trade crimes in the UK

SUMMARY The illegal trade in wild harvested plants and animals is a significant threat to populations and species worldwide. There is concern that in many countries sanctions for wildlife trade crimes are insufficient to act as a deterrent, and do not reflect the seriousness of offences. For these reasons it is important to understand professional and public opinions as to which aspects of such crimes make them more or less serious, and so deserving of a greater or lesser sentence. Conjoint analysis, a method used in marketing to understand which characteristics of a product are valued by consumers, was used to investigate which attributes of hypothetical wildlife trade offences (threat status and taxon of species involved, illegal profit, previous convictions and plea) UK-based conservation professionals, magistrates and the general public considered most important when sentencing wildlife criminals in the UK. Eighty-seven per cent of 682 respondents completed enough of the survey to be included in the analysis. Magistrates and the public considered illegal profit to be the single most important attribute, while conservationists considered the threat status of the species involved to be most important (considered second most important by magistrates and the public). Magistrates, when presented with adequate information, considered the threat status and corresponding legal protection afforded to wildlife when considering how serious a wildlife trade crime was, and doing so is in line with public opinion on sentencing such offences. This study highlights the importance of ensuring that judiciaries are presented with information concerning both the potential profit and conservation impact of wildlife trade crimes. Sentencing councils must develop appropriate guidelines to support judiciaries in their sentencing of wildlife crimes.
Assessing Grammar By Using Communicative Activities To Employ Students ’ Skill And Ability To Use English

Employing communication activities for teaching grammar can be a useful skill to learn and offer variety to the students and cater to the needs of learners who are keen to develop their ability to use English. It can be turned into a useful and even enjoyable enough experience, if real life tasks, student problems and teacher requirements are taken into consideration and brought into balance in assessing grammar. To develop authentic assessment grammar activities, begin with the types of tasks that students actually need to do using the language. Grammar Assessment can then take the form of communicative drills and communicative activities used in the teaching process. It is related to scoring form and grammar ssessmernt and also how language teachers need to adapt their scoring procedures to reflect the two dimenssion of both declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge . The qualitative case study reported in this paper explored the assessing grammar skills and ability in declarative and procedural knowledge regarding as communicative approach in grammar class. semi –structure interviews and Questioners are used to collect the main source data. The results showed that the students felt their grammar class more challenging by having some types of tasks measuring the students‟ grammar skill and ability. It built up their curiosity , interest and motivation in learning grammar.
Electronic properties of rocksalt copper monoxide: a proxy structure for high temperature superconductivity

Cubic rocksalt copper monoxide, in contrast to its lighter transition metal neighbours, does not exist in nature nor has it yet been successfully synthesized. Nonetheless, its numerical study as a structurally much simpler proxy for the layered cuprate perovskites may prove useful in probing the source of high temperature superconductivity in the latter family of compounds. Here we report such a study employing density functional theory (DFT) abetted by the local density approximation including cation on-site Hubbard interactions (LDA+U). Rather surprisingly, we find that unlike oxides of the light transition metals, cubic CuO remains metallic for all physically reasonable values of U and does not result in a Mott- Hubbard induced charge transfer insulator as might be expected, and, in fact, displays a Fermi surface with clearly nesting tendencies. Preliminary calculations of the net dimensionless electron-phonon coupling constant, λ, yield values in the range 0.6 - 0.7 similar to those found for the superconducting fullerenes and magnesium diboride. On the other hand, we do find as we gradually introduce a tetragonal distortion away from pure cubic symmetry that a charge- transfer insulator emerges for values of U ~ 5 eV and c/a ~ 1.3 in agreement with recent experimental data on forced-epitaxial growth of 2-4 ML thick films of tetragonal rocksalt CuO. We preliminarily conclude from these computational studies that high temperature superconductivity in the copper oxide compounds is at least initially mediated by Jahn-Teller driven electron-phonon coupling as originally suggested by Bednorz and Mueller.
Assessment of Family Income on Academic Performance of Tertiary Students: The Case of Ho Polytechnic, Ghana

This paper examines the relationship between family income and the academic performance of tertiary students in Ghana, the case of Ho Polytechnic. The study focuses on the sources of family income, expenditure patterns of students on campus and students’ performance. Case study under qualitative research design was used. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 480 students across the faculties in the Polytechnic. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data to support the secondary data. The study found a mixed significant relationship between higher family income and better students’ academic performance based on the students’ cumulative grade point average (CGPA). Thus, though family financial status affects students’ performance to some extent, but it is not an essential predictor of higher academic performance. A good number of student respondents indicate that low family income does not necessarily lower their academic achievement. The study concludes that financial status of families/parents and the students’ academic performance must be a shared responsibility for the purpose of mutual benefits in the future. Financial interventions from the government and other external parties are paramount for the future socio-economic growth of the nation, since these students are great assets and future leaders of the country. This study adds to the existing body of literature and also serves as a basis for future research.
Activation of systemic acquired resistance in citrus to control huanglongbing disease

Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most destructive citrus disease and occurs in the major citrus producing areas around the world. In Brazil, HLB is associated with the bacteria ‘ Candidatus’ Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and ‘ Candidatus ’ Liberibacter americanus (CLam). CLas is the most aggressive and widespread species of the HLB bacteria. Currently, there is no curative control measure for this disease, and the eradication of diseased trees and control of the insect vector are the basic management measures for HLB. The search for other measures with higher efficiency and lower economic and environmental impacts for control of HLB has become a research priority. The use of chemicals that activate plant resistance mechanisms is a novel method for disease control. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the use of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducers for control of HLB. Nursery trees of Valencia sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) grafted on Rangpur lime ( Citrus limonia Osbeck) were inoculated with CLas by bud grafting technique using diseased material from HLB citrus trees, seven days after the first treatment with the SAR inducers, under greenhouse conditions. The SAR inducers imidacloprid (IMI), thiamethoxan (TMX), or acibenzolar- S -methyl (ASM), as well as the combination of ASM with IMI or TMX, were applied as soil drench. The nursery trees were evaluated according to the presence of HLB symptoms and the bacterium in leaf tissue. The presence of CLas was determined by using the PCR technique, at 120, 180, 240, and 300 days after the HLB bacterium inoculation. The first symptoms of HLB were observed on mature leaves of the check citrus trees 60 days before these symptoms were observed on trees treated with the SAR inducers. Two years after inoculation, 67% fewer citrus trees with HLB symptoms were observed for the ASM + TMX treated trees as compared to the check ones. Citrus trees treated with IMI, TMX, or ASM also provided lower levels of PCR-detected HLB bacterium compared to the untreated trees.
Efficiencies in Freight & Passenger Routing & Scheduling

This research studies routing a fleet of capacitated vehicles in real time to collect shipment orders placed by a known set of customers. It is not known when and from which customers these dynamic requests may come from, e.g., the daily operation of a trucking company that consolidates shipments from multiple suppliers. The objective of this dynamic vehicle routing problem (DVRP) is three fold: first, to minimize the impact on total travel distance of having only partial information; second, to maximize the flexibility of the existing routes in a dynamic environment; third, to provide fast responses to dynamic customer requests. An optimization-based, look-ahead dynamic vehicle routing framework is proposed that periodically re-optimizes the current vehicle. Heuristic algorithms are designed to construct an initial solution, improve the initial solution, and adjust the waiting time along the vehicle routes. The look-ahead dynamic routing strategy shows its merits for problems with high level of uncertainty. Overall the proposed approach could generate routing solutions that could reduce freight vehicle miles traveled, thus minimizing the impact of freight on passenger travel since they primarily share the same road network, especially in major urban centers such as Los Angeles.
An efficient and reliable routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, nodes send messages containing important information to hubs. It is critical that the messages reach the hubs successfully for network users to take appropriate actions. Sensor networks are plagued by the problems of interference to wireless communication from environmental noise, node failure and energy-constrained nodes. Routing protocols have to overcome these challenges to achieve robustness in message delivery while expending minimum energy. In this paper, we propose an efficient and reliable (EAR) routing protocol.
Guiding Variational Response Generator to Exploit Persona

Leveraging persona information of users in Neural Response Generators (NRG) to perform personalized conversations has been considered as an attractive and important topic in the research of conversational agents over the past few years. Despite of the promising progress achieved by recent studies in this field, persona information tends to be incorporated into neural networks in the form of user embeddings, with the expectation that the persona can be involved via End-to-End learning. This paper proposes to adopt the personality-related characteristics of human conversations into variational response generators, by designing a specific conditional variational autoencoder based deep model with two new regularization terms employed to the loss function, so as to guide the optimization towards the direction of generating both persona-aware and relevant responses. Besides, to reasonably evaluate the performances of various persona modeling approaches, this paper further presents three direct persona-oriented metrics from different perspectives. The experimental results have shown that our proposed methodology can notably improve the performance of persona-aware response generation, and the metrics are reasonable to evaluate the results.
Title Multi-agent consensus under a communication ‒ broadcastmixed environment

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How May International Trade affect Poverty in a Developing Country Setup? The Inequality Channel

Recently there has been an influx of literature which tries to find out relationship between trade and poverty. Right is of the view that more international trade is good for the poor whereas left is quite skeptical of pro poor effects of trade. The paper provides a comprehensive review of recent literature on the topic in order to reach some neutral grounds. The paper finds out that though trade might carry positive affects for the poor in developing countries through growth, such gains are not equally distributed among the rich and the poor. The paper identifies at least 8 different effects of international trade which result in unequal outcomes and thus defies Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson theorem in a developing country set up. Since per decomposition, poverty is affected by growth or inequality, evidence of unequal gains from trade does imply that the relationship between trade and poverty is not as simple as the right seems to suggest. To this effect, the paper calls for more empirical work on trade and inequality especially as single country case studies.
A Joint Source-Channel Coding Scheme Using Low-Density Parity-Check Codes and Error Resilient Arithmetic Codes

In this paper, we propose a novel joint source-channel coding (JSCC) scheme that combines error resilient arithmetic codes (ERAC) and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. In the proposed scheme, the error detection capability of ERAC is exploited by the bit-interleaving technique to improve the performance of LDPC decoder, and the overall decoding performance. Simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves significant performance gains with respect to the separated decoding techniques, with additional advantage of high scalability and flexibility.
Title Bayesian techniques for analyzing group differences in the Iowa Gambling Task : A case study of intuitive and deliberate decision-makers Permalink

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is one of the most popular experimental paradigms for comparing complex decision-making across groups. Most commonly, IGT behavior is analyzed using frequentist tests to compare performance across groups, and to compare inferred parameters of cognitive models developed for the IGT. Here, we present a Bayesian alternative based on Bayesian repeatedmeasures ANOVA for comparing performance, and a suite of three complementary model-based methods for assessing the cognitive processes underlying IGT performance. The three model-based methods involve Bayesian hierarchical parameter estimation, Bayes factor model comparison, and Bayesian latent-mixture modeling. We illustrate these Bayesian methods by applying them to test the extent to which differences in intuitive versus deliberate decision style are associated with differences in IGT performance. The results show that intuitive and deliberate decisionmakers behave similarly on the IGT, and the modeling analyses consistently suggest that both groups of decisionmakers rely on similar cognitive processes. Our results challenge the notion that individual differences in intuitive and deliberate decision styles have a broad impact Helen Steingroever helen.steingroever@gmail.com 1 Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15906, 1001 NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany 3 Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 4 University of California, Irvine, CA, USA on decision-making. They also highlight the advantages of Bayesian methods, especially their ability to quantify evidence in favor of the null hypothesis, and that they allow model-based analyses to incorporate hierarchical and latent-mixture structures.
to financial services : the case of the ‘ Mzansi ’ account in South

The presence of rationing of financial services in the developing countries is a major obstacle to achieving sustainable growth. In recent years there have been co-ordinated efforts to increase the level of financial inclusion, i.e. to reduce the supply-side constraints restricting access to finance. This paper aims to understand household’s latent behaviour decision making in accessing financial services, by analysing an entry level Mzansi account in South Africa. The willingness to access financial services is not taken as given, but it is instead defined by perceptions and attitudes. The Mzansi intervention is appealing to individuals with basic but insufficient financial education. Aspirations seem to be very influential in revealing the choice of financial services and to this end, Mzansi is perceived as a pre-entry account not meeting the aspirations of individuals aiming to climb up the financial services ladder.
Strain rate behaviour of multi-phase and complex-phase steels for automotive applications

A combined study on the mechanical behaviour of multi-phase 800 high yield strength steel (MP800HY) and complex-phase 800 steel (CP800) is carried out under tensile loads in the strain rate range from 0.001s −1 to 750s −1 . Quasi-static (0.001s −1 ) tests are performed on electromechanical machine, whereas, medium (5s −1 and 25s −1 ) and high strain rate (250s −1 , 500s −1 and 750s −1 ) experiments are conducted on hydro-pneumatic machine (HPM) and modified Hopkinson bar (MHB) setup respectively. The thermal softening behaviors of the materials are investigated at quasi-static condition and the materials’ m -parameters of the existing Johnson-Cook model are imposed in authors’ previous work. Thereafter, the predicted flow stress by Johnson-Cook model has been compared with the experimental results.