Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mode of antibacterial action of essential oils

The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their components has been recognized for a very long time. Essential oils (EOs) are made from a very complex mixture of volatile molecules that are produced by the secondary metabolism of aromatic and medicinal plants and can be obtained by distillation of different parts of plants. The large number of studies on the antimicrobial activity of EOs has allowed the scientific recognition of these compounds on the control of a wide range of microbial pathogens. The progresses made on the investigation of the mode of action of EOs against bacterial cell targets give us new perspectives to combat persistent and antimicrobial resistant bacterial pathogens. The recent investigation on the activity of EOs disruption of quorum sensing process is an excellent example. On the other hand proteomic analysis show that bacterial pathogens respond to EO sublethal doses using known mechanisms of adaptation to several environmental stress conditions.
Protective effect with vascular endothelium of Danhong injection on unstable angina after coronary intervention in patients

Objective To observe the protective effects with vascular endothelium of Danhong injection for unstable angina (UA) after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients. Methods 180 patients with UA were randomly divided into two groups, and patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy.In addition, 90 cases in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine treatment, 90 cases in the observation group were treated with conventional western medicine treatment and Danhong injection therapy.The serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and brachial artery flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation (FMD), von Willebrand factor (vWF), plasma nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and other indicators before and after treatment were detected. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.67%, which was significantly higher than 75.56% of the control group (χ2=9.23, P<0.05). The endothelial function parameters NO(73.66±11.58)μmol/L, ET-1(64.75±6.83)ng/L, vWF(114.58±16.24)%, FMD (6.54±0.88)% of the observation group after treatment were significantly improved than before treatment (t=8.04, 7.90, 8.44, 7.67, all P<0.05), which of the control group were (62.78±10.42)μmol/L, (92.31±8.67)ng/L, (152.64±18.75)%, (4.18±0.72)%, there were significant differences(t=6.78, 7.34, 7.70, 6.56, all P<0.05). The serum SOD (154.62±21.37)U/mL and MDA (4.18±0.79)nmol/L levels of the observation group were significantly improved than before treatment(t=7.58, 8.67, all P<0.05), which of the control group were (132.45±26.89)U/mL, (5.27±1.16)nmol/L, there were significant differences (t=7.22, 7.81, all P<0.05). Conclusion Danhong injection for the treatment of UA stasis syndrome can be widely promoted by reducing oxidative stress on vascular endothelial damage, and improving endothelial function in patients after PCI, has great clinical value. Key words: Danhong injection; Unstable angina; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Vascular endothelial function
VirtAV: An agentless antivirus system based on in-memory signature scanning for virtual machine

Antivirus is an important issue to the security of virtual machine (VM). According to where the antivirus system resides, the existing approaches can be categorized into three classes: internal approach, external approach and hybrid approach. However, for the internal approach, it is susceptible to attacks and may cause antivirus storm and rollback vulnerability problems. On the other hand, for the external approach, the antivirus systems built upon VMI technology cannot find and prohibit viruses promptly. Although the hybrid approach performs virus scanning out of the virtual machine, it is still vulnerable to attacks since it completely depends on the agent and hooks to deliver events in the guest operating system. To solve the aforementioned problems, based on in-memory signature scanning, we propose an agentless antivirus system VirtAV. VirtAV can monitor the specific event of the guest VM that is defined as the first instruction-fetch operation on a newly updated host memory page frame, and can scan virus in the page when the event occurs. As an external approach, VirtAV doesn't rely on any event or agent in the guest OS, so it guarantees the security of itself to the greatest extent. In addition, it provides full life cycle protection for VMs, no matter which state (running, paused, resumed or migrated) they are in. We implemented a prototype by extending Qemu/KVM hypervisor. Experimental result demonstrates that the function of VirtAV is verified (by finding 100% of the 3546 sample viruses) and the overhead of VirtAV on guest performance is acceptable. Especially, VirtAV has little impact on the performance of common desktop applications, such as video playing, web browsing and Microsoft Office series.
Pyrazoline-based Mycobactin Analogues as Dual Inhibitors of MAO/Cholinesterase

Introduction: We earlier reported on anti-mycobacterial and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity of 3, 5-diaryl-2-pyrazoline 1-carbothioamides with structural similarities to Mycobactin. The same thirty two compounds have been evaluated for Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity in a search for dual inhibitors against MAO-B/AChE which may have potential therapeutic utility in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Materials and Methods: Each compound was evaluated for its ability to inhibit hAChE and hBuChE using Ellman’s spectrophotometric method. Results: All the compounds inhibited AChE and BuChE at nM to low μM concentration. Compounds c1-c7 were highly selective towards AChE, c3, c5-7 being mixed-type reversible and the rest being non-competitive irreversible. Compounds c12-17 were highly selective towards BuChE, c12, c14-17 being mixed-type reversible and c13 being noncompetitive irreversible. Of the selective inhibitors of rat liver MAO-B c11-17 reported earlier, c11 was selective for AChE while c12-17 were selective for BuChE.
A strategy for achieving innovation through Sheep Cooperative Research Centre research and development

TheSheepCooperativeResearchCentre'sroletofacilitatethetransformationoftheAustraliansheepindustryis complicatedbytheextensivenatureoftheindustryacrosssome31000smalltomediumfarmingenterprises,linkingtoboth sheep meat and wool supply chains. Close integration of the market with research and adoption through a product developmentfocusisenablingastagedproductdevelopmentprocesswhileprovidingthemanagement flexibilityneededfor development of each product type within target markets. This paper presents the basis of the New Product Development FrameworkandtheadoptionstrategiesusedacrosstheSheepCooperativeResearchCentreprogramstoaccelerateutilisation ofproductsdevelopedoutofresearch.Thesestrategiesinclude:communication;trainingcoordination;networkengagement and use of key influencers; supply chain engagement and the use of specific adoption research tools.
The role of refrigeration in the global economy.

This article is a shortened version of the 29th Informatory Note of the IIR "The role of refrigeration in the global economy". The IIR estimates that the total number of refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems in operation worldwide is roughly 3 billion. Global annual sales of such equipment amount to roughly 300 billion USD. Almost 12 million people are employed worldwide in the refrigeration sector which consumes about 17% of the overall electricity used worldwide. Statistical data presented in this new Informatory Note highlight the importance of the refrigeration sector which is expected to grow further in the coming years because of increasing cooling needs in numerous fields and global warming. The refrigeration industry plays a major and increasing role in today’s global economy, with significant contributions made in food, health, energy, and environmental domains which policy makers need to better take into account.
INHIBITION OF CALCIUM OXALATE (CAOX) CRYSTALLIZATION IN VITRO BY THE EXTRACT OF BEET ROOT (BETA VULGAIS L.)

Objective: To study the inhibitory potential of Beta vulgaris L. leaf and root aqueous extracts against calcium oxalate crystallization under in vitro condition. Methods: Under in vitro condition, kidney stone formation was studied using three assays such as nucleation, aggregation and growth. Nucleation was studied by adding calcium chloride and sodium oxalate solution in the presence (0.1 to 9 mg/ml) and absence of aqueous extracts at 37˚C. For aggregation and growth calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals were prepared and studied. The effect of extracts on the formation and inhibition of stone forming stages were observed spectrophotometrically and analyzed through phase contrast microscope at 40X magnification. The obtained results are presented in this paper. Results: The result obtained showed that aqueous extracts of the leaves and root of Beta vulgaris L. have higher capacity to inhibit the crystal nucleation, aggregation and growth. When compared with leaf aqueous extract, root aqueous extract of beet root showed better inhibitory activity. Extracts inhibited the crystallization in solution; less and smaller particles were observed in the presence of extracts. These results were further confirmed with the aggregation and growth assay, the extracts prevented the aggregation and growth of formed CaOx particles and it kept the crystals as dispersed. Conclusion: From this in vitro study we can conclude that beet root extract has excellent therapeutic potential as diuretic and promoting the inhibition of the formation of CaOx crystals. Also the phytocompounds present in this plant may be responsible for the anticrystallization activity. To find out the exact bioactive compounds against anticrystalization activity, further elaborate experimentations are needed.
HYBRID ENSEMBLE GENE SELECTION ALGORITHM FOR IDENTIFYING BIOMARKERS FROM BREAST CANCER GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES

Breast cancer is one of the major health hazard in the world. DNA gene expression profiles plays an important role in identifying the biomarkers for cancer which not only help in accurate diagnosis of the disease, also in discovering drugs, minimizing the toxicity thus help in the effective management of the disease. In this paper we propose an algorithm for determining the biomarkers. Our hybrid ensemble gene selection algorithm was experimented over breast cancer gene expression data of 24481 genes. The algorithm selected a marker gene subset of eight genes with an accuracy and BER of 96.9% and 0.033 respectively.
ARTIFICIAL NEST PREDATION AND ABUNDANCE OF BIRDS ALONG AN URBAN GRADIENT

Abstract We studied nest predation pressure on birds along an urban gradient in urban parks in three Finnish towns. Artificial ground nests with Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonicus) eggs were depredated more in the urban area than in the adjacent forest area. Within each town, the nest predation rate was higher in the town center than in the less urbanized area of detached houses. Predation rates did not vary from year to year or between study towns. Abundances of generalist avian predators were higher in the town center than in the area of detached houses and in the surrounding forest area. Most of the nests in the town center were destroyed by avian predators. Predation rate of artificial nests in each of the town areas was higher in managed parks than in unmanaged parks, presumably due to the less dense vegetation in the managed than the unmanaged parks. A test involving covering nests revealed that artificial nests covered by adjacent vegetation survived better than nests with less cover. In our study, artificial nest loss reflected the distribution of avian nest predators. Ground nesters were present at lower abundances in areas where concealing vegetation was missing and avian nest predation was high. Apparently, nest predation is one of the several possible mechanism affecting urban bird assemblages.
Requirement for NusG for Transcription Antitermination In Vivo by the λ N Protein

ABSTRACT Transcription antitermination by the bacteriophage λ N protein is stimulated in vitro by the Escherichia coli NusG protein. Earlier work suggested that NusG was not required for N activity in vivo. Here we present evidence that NusG also stimulates N-mediated transcription antitermination in intact cells.
Advanced Glycation End Product-Induced Activation of NF-κB is Suppressed by α-Lipoic Acid in Cultured Endothelial Cells

Depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms and the generation of oxygen free radicals by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been proposed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. Here we demonstrate that incubation of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) with AGE albumin (500 nmol/l) resulted in the impairment of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid levels. As a consequence, increased cellular oxida-tive stress led to the activation of the transcription factor NF-KB and thus promoted the upregulation of various NF-KB-controlled genes, including endothelial tissue factor. Supplementation of the cellular antiox-idative defense with the natural occurring antioxidant α-lipoic acid before AGE albumin induction completely prevented the AGE albumin–dependent depletion of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed that AGE albumin-mediated NF-KB activation was also reduced in a time- and dose-dependent manner as long as α-lipoic acid was added at least 30 min before AGE albumin stimulation. Inhibition was not due to physical interactions with protein DNA binding, since α-lipoic acid, directly included into the binding reaction, did not prevent binding activity of recombinant NF-KB. Western blots further demonstrated that α-lipoic acid inhibited the release and translocation of NF-KB from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. As a consequence, α-lipoic acid reduced AGE albumin-induced NF-KB mediated transcription and expression of endothelial genes relevant in diabetes, such as tissue factor and endothelin-1. Thus, supplementation of cellular antioxidative defense mechanisms by extracellularly administered α-lipoic acid reduces AGE albumin-induced endothelial dysfunction in vitro.
Identification of Novel Drug Leads for Receptors Implicated in Migraine from Traditional Ayurvedic Herbs Using in silico and in vitro Methods

Background: Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by headaches along with several physiological and autonomic nervous system symptoms. Research suggests that migraine is a result of multi-gene mutation in combination with psycho-social and environmental factors. Methods: Mutated mammalian serotonin hydroxytryptamine receptor 2 (HTR2) implicated as factor causing migraine were retrieved from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), its 3D structure were determined by homology modelling. The 3D structures of phyto-compounds (from Ayurvedic herbs) were retrieved from various databases. The pharmacophore hypothesis was generated for the existing ligands and the phytocompounds were screened against the generated pharmocophoric hypothesis. Ligands were shortlisted based on their fitness score. The selected phytocompounds were screened against HTR2 receptor. Results: The phytocompound having the best docking score and most interactions with the receptor are validated using receptor-ligand binding assay studies with HTR2 receptor in-vitro. Conclusion: Phytocompounds selected as per receptor-ligand binding assay studies.
Temporal variability in the chemical characteristics along the Rivière de l'Achigan: How many samples are necessary to describe stream chemistry?

We examined the temporal variability of several chemical characteristics at 12 different sites in a river system of the Laurentian region of Quebec. Mean–variance relationships (log–log) differed considerably among chemical variables with slopes ranging from about 1.3 to over 5. Guidelines and equations are given to help decide how many samples should be taken to obtain a mean value with an error of 20% or less for the different chemical variables. Relative temporal variabilities (coefficients of variation) were highest for nutrients and lowest for pH, alkalinity, and conductivity. Data from the same sites but for different years showed no systematic differences and similarly mean–variance relationships for TP and TDP obtained from a different region were not significantly different suggesting a wider applicability to our results. We also show that although the temporal variability of chlorophyll in streams is similar to that found in lakes, the same does not apply to phosphorus, which is about two to thr.
Wireless Communication Networks and Systems, Global Edition

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Wireless Comes of Age -- 1.2 The Global Cellular Network -- 1.3 The Mobile Device Revolution -- 1.4 Future Trends -- 1.5 The Trouble With Wireless -- Part One Technical Background -- Chapter 2 Transmission Fundamentals -- 2.1 Signals for Conveying Information -- 2.2 Analog and Digital Data Transmission -- 2.3 Channel Capacity -- 2.4 Transmission Media -- 2.5 Multiplexing -- 2.6 Recommended Reading -- 2.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems -- Appendix 2A Decibels and Signal Strength -- Chapter 3 Communication Networks -- 3.1 Lans, Mans, and Wans -- 3.2 Switching Techniques -- 3.3 Circuit Switching -- 3.4 Packet Switching -- 3.5 Quality of Service -- 3.6 Recommended Reading -- 3.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems -- Chapter 4 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite -- 4.1 The Need for a Protocol Architecture -- 4.2 The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture -- 4.3 The OSI Model -- 4.4 Internetworking -- 4.5 Recommended Reading -- 4.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems -- Appendix 4A Internet Protocol -- Appendix 4B Transmission Control Protocol -- Appendix 4C User Datagram Protocol -- Part Two Wireless Communication Technology -- Chapter 5 Overview of Wireless Communication -- 5.1 Spectrum Considerations -- 5.2 Line-Of-Sight Transmission -- 5.3 Fading in the Mobile Environment -- 5.4 Channel Correction Mechanisms -- 5.5 Digital Signal Encoding Techniques -- 5.6 Coding and Error Control -- 5.7 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) -- 5.8 Spread Spectrum -- 5.9 Recommended Reading -- 5.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems -- Chapter 6 The Wireless Channel -- 6.1 Antennas -- 6.2 Spectrum Considerations -- 6.3 Line-Of-Sight Transmission -- 6.4 Fading in the Mobile Environment.
LOCALIZED GENE DELIVERABLE ENCODED MICROPATCH IMMOBI- LIZED WITH VIRAL VECTOR FOR MULTIPLEX HIGH CONTENT SCREENING

We present a new concept of delivering gene with encoded micropatch for multiplex transfection assay with high flexibility. We fabricated encoded polymeric microparticles and immobilized viral vector on the particle surface. After prefabricating heterogeneous encoded viral micropatches with batch process, they were dispensed on cells cultured in a well. With one dispensing of heterogeneous viral micropatches, GFP, RFP gene are spatially delivered to cells from the viral vectors immobilized on an encoded polymeric microparticle in a well. We immobilize ad-GPCR viral vector on the microparticles for expressing G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), which is popular target in drug discovery. By dispensing these micropatches to cells in a well plate, heterogeneous GPCR were locally expressed to cell membrane under the micropatches. We verified GPCR internalization with an assay based on the viral vector micropatch.
Effects of Thyme methanolic Extract on Ruminal Protein Degradation of Soybean Meal using Nylon Bag Technique

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of Thyme methanolic extract (0 and 0.15 mL/30 mL buffered rumen fluid) on ruminal Crude Protein (CP) degradation parameters of Soybean Meal (SBM). Nylon bags filled with 5 g of each of untreated or Thyme methanolic extract treated soybean meal, were suspended in the rumen of three fistulated Gezel rams for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h, and obtained data were fitted to a non- linear degradation model to calculate ruminal degradation characteristics. Thyme methanolic extract treatments significantly decreased protein degradability of soybean meal on different incubation times. Effective rumen degradable crude protein at a rate of 0.02/h, for untreated and Thyme methanolic extract treated soybean meal, 82.43 and 77.80%, respectively were estimated. Although Thyme methanolic extract decreased (p<0.05) the water soluble fraction (a), constant rate of degradation (c) and total degradability (a+b) of CP degradation but potentially degradable fraction (b), were not significantly affected by Thyme methanolic extract.
BREEDING SYSTEM OF THE CAPE ROCKJUMPER, A SOUTH AFRICAN FYNBOS ENDEMIC

Abstract Breeding ecology and behavior of the Cape Rockjumper (Chaetops frenatus), a ground-nesting passerine endemic to the mountain fynbos of South Africa, were studied for three years near Cape Town. Breeding groups occupied exclusive 4–11 ha territories, and consisted of a breeding pair and often 1–2 additional individuals, which were usually, but not exclusively, offspring of the adult pair from the preceding breeding season. Supernumerary individuals of both sexes participated in territorial defense and alarm calling and in the feeding of nestlings and fledglings of the breeding pair. Supernumerary females also helped with nest building and incubation. These findings confirm earlier suppositions that the Cape Rockjumper is a socially monogamous, cooperative-breeding species, with offspring remaining in their home territory for at least one year during which they assist their parents in raising additional offspring. New information is also presented on other aspects of the breeding biology of this little-studied species. Sistema Reproductivo de Chaetops frenatus, un Ave Endémica de los Fynbos de Sudáfrica Resumen. Durante tres años se estudió la ecología reproductiva de Chaetops frenatus, un paserino que anida en el suelo, y que es endémico de los fynbos montañosos de Sud-Africa, en las cercanías de Cape Town. Los grupos reproductivos ocupan de forma exclusiva territorios de 4–11 ha, y están compuestos por una pareja reproductiva y en muchos casos con 1 a 2 individuos adicionales, que muchas veces, aunque no siempre, constituyen la progenie del par adulto de la época reproductiva anterior. Individuos supernumerarios de ambos sexos participan en la defensa del terrirorio con cantos de alerta, así como en la alimentación de los polluelos y volantones del par reproductivo. Las hembras supernumerarias también ayudan en la construcción del nido e incubación. Estos hallazgos confirman suposiciones anteriores que Ch. frenatus es un ave monógama social de reproducción cooperativa, cuya descendencia permanece en el territorio parental por lo menos un año, período durante el cual asisten a sus progenenitores en criar a la siguiente camada. Se presenta además nueva información sobre otros aspectos de la biología reproductiva de esta especie tan poco estudiada.