Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laser Fabrication of Bioinspired Graphene Surfaces With Superwettability

The past decades have seen growing research interest in developing efficient fabrication techniques for preparing bioinspired graphene surfaces with superwettability. Among the various fabrication methods, laser fabrication stands out as a prominent one to achieve this end and has demonstrated unique merits in the development of graphene surfaces with superwettability. In this paper, we reviewed the recent advances in this field. The unique advantages of laser fabricated graphene surfaces have been summarized. Typical graphene surfaces with superwettability achieved by laser fabrication, including superhydrophobic graphene surfaces, oil/ water separation, fog collection, antibacterial surfaces, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and desalination, have been introduced. In addition, current challenges and future perspectives in this field have been discussed. With the rapid progress of novel laser physical/ chemical fabrication schemes, graphene surfaces with superwettability prepared by laser fabrication may undergo sustained development and thus contribute greatly to the scientific research and our daily life.
A Finite Element Method for a Fourth Order Surface Equation With Application to the Onset of Cell Blebbing

A variational problem for a fourth order parabolic surface partial differential equation is discussed. It contains non-linear lower order terms, on which we only make abstract assumptions, and which need to be defined for specified problems. We derive a semi-discrete scheme based on the surface finite element method, show a-priori error estimates, and use the analytical results to prove well-posedness. Furthermore, we present a computational framework where specific problems can be conveniently implemented and, later on, altered with relative ease. It uses a domain specific language implemented in Python. The high level program control can also be done within the Python scripting environment. The computationally expensive step of evolving the solution over time is carried out by binding to an efficient C++ software back-end. The study is motivated by cell blebbing, which can be instrumental for cell migration. Starting with a force balance for the cell membrane, we derive a continuum model for some mechanical and geometrical aspects of the onset of blebbing in a form that fits into the abstract framework. It is flexible in that it allows for amending force contributions related to membrane tension or the presence of linker molecules between membrane and cell cortex. Cell membrane geometries given in terms of a parameterization or obtained from image data can be accounted for by the software. The use of a domain specific language to describe the model makes is straightforward to add additional effects such as reaction-diffusion equations modeling some biochemistry on the cell membrane. Some numerical simulations illustrate the approach.
Interleukin 1 Receptor 1 Knockout and Maternal High Fat Diet Exposure Induces Sex-Specific Effects on Adipose Tissue Adipogenic and Inflammatory Gene Expression in Adult Mouse Offspring

Background: The global incidence of obesity continues to rise, increasing the prevalence of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Low-grade chronic inflammation, associated with the obese state, also contributes to the development of these metabolic comorbidities. Interleukin-1-receptor-1 (IL-1R1), a pro-inflammatory mediator, bridges the metabolic and inflammatory systems. In young male mice, deficiency of IL-1R1 (IL-1R1−/−) paired with a high-fat diet (HFD) offered beneficial metabolic effects, however in female mice, the same pairing led to metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, we examined the contribution of maternal HFD in combination with IL1R1−/− to metabolic health in adult offspring. Methods: Female C57BL/6 and IL-1R1−/− mice were randomly assigned to a control diet (10% kcal from fat) or HFD (45% kcal from fat) 10 days prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Male and female offspring were housed in same-sex pairs post-weaning and maintained on control diets until 16 weeks old. At 15 weeks, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to assess glucose tolerance. Histological analysis was carried out to assess adipocyte size and gene expression of adipogenic and inflammatory markers were examined. Results: IL-1R1−/− contributed to increased body weight in male and female adult offspring, irrespective of maternal diet. IL-1R1−/− and maternal HFD increased adipocyte size in the gonadal fat depot of female, but not male offspring. In female offspring, there was reduced expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism in response to IL1R1−/− and maternal HFD. While there was an increase in inflammatory gene expression in response to maternal HFD, this appeared to be reversed in IL1R1−/− female offspring. In male offspring, there was no significant impact on adipogenic or lipid metabolism pathways. There was an increase in inflammatory gene expression in IL1R1−/− male offspring from HFD-fed mothers. Conclusion: This study suggests that IL-1R1 plays a complex and important role in the metabolic health of offspring, impacting adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and inflammation in a sex-specific manner.
CASCADE: A Custom-Made Archiving System for the Conservation of Ancient DNA Experimental Data

The field of ancient genomics has undergone a true revolution during the last decade. Input material, time requirements and processing costs have first limited the number of specimens amenable to genome sequencing. However, the discovery that archeological material such as petrosal bones can show increased ancient DNA preservation rates, combined with advances in sequencing technologies, molecular methods for the recovery of degraded DNA fragments and bioinformatics, has vastly expanded the range of samples compatible with genome-wide investigation. Experimental procedures for DNA extraction, genomic library preparation and target enrichment have become more streamlined, and now also include automation. These procedures have considerably reduced the amount of work necessary for data generation, effectively adapting the processing capacity of individual laboratories to the increasing numbers of analyzable samples. Handling vast amounts of samples, however, comes with logistical challenges. Laboratory capacities, equipment, and people need to be efficiently coordinated, and the progress of each sample through the different experimental stages needs to be fully traceable, especially as archeological remains of animals or plants are often provided and/or handled by many different collaborators. Here we present CASCADE, a laboratory information management system (LIMS) dealing with the specificities of ancient DNA sample processing and tracking, applicable by large and small laboratories alike, and scalable to large projects involving the analysis of thousands of samples and more. By giving an account of the specimen’s progress at any given analytical step, CASCADE not only optimizes the collaborative experience, including real-time information sharing with third parties, but also improves the efficacy of data generation and traceability in-house.
Taxonomic Status of the Oak Gall Wasp Callirhytis hakonensis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with Description of the Sexual Generation

ABSTRACT Comparisons of the external morphology of the holotype (female adult) of Callirhytis hakonensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and the female adults reared and identified as the asexual generation of this species by H. Masuda corroborated the accuracy of his identification. Masuda previously demonstrated the heterogony in this gall wasp by rearing experiments, The holotype (the asexual generation) of this cynipid is redescribed, and female and male adults of the sexual generation are described on the basis of specimens reared by him, Because the adults of the asexual and sexual generations had the diagnostic features of the genus Andricus and not Callirhytis, this gall wasp is transferred to the genus Andricus. Judging from the descriptions of the wasps and galls, Andricus symbioticus Kovalev and Andricus attractus Kovalev are synonymized with A. hakonensis.
Pollen feeding in the eucalypt nectar fly, Drosophila flavohirta

Abstract. Adults of the eucalypt nectar fly, Drosophila flavohirta Malloch (Diptera: Drosophilidae), feed on Eucalyptus pollen. Flies of both sexes gather pollen with the proboscis, forming a large mass of pollen on the anterior surface of the extended proboscis. Pollen gathering alternates with quiescent periods when the moistened pollen load is continually vibrated. No pollen was found in the adult gut, and it is suggested that hydration of the pollen causes release of nutrients which are then imbibed. This ‘external digestion’ is reminiscent of that employed by heliconiine butterflies.
Leaf anatomy is associated with the type of growth form in Neotropical savanna plants

Scleromorphic leaf structures are associated with plants growing under drought-prone conditions, high irradiances, and nutrient-poor soils. Sclerophylly can also be a valuable deterrent against herbivores. However, comprehensive studies of leaf anatomical traits encompassing different growth forms are lacking. The savannas of central Brazil (Cerrado) are characterized by high species diversity and a variety of growth forms. We performed a field study to characterize leaf anatomical traits and leaf mass per area (LMA) in 57 co-occurring Cerrado species of distinct plant families (located at different positions in the angiosperm phylogeny) and categorized according to the following growth forms: trees, palms, shrubs, subshrubs, vines, grasses and herbs. Plant growth form and leaf structure were interrelated. Four groups with distinct leaf anatomical syndromes were identified by NMDS analysis: grasses, palms, herbaceous (herbs, vines, and most subshrubs), and woody (trees and shrubs) plants. Trees and shrubs.
Production of ML-236B, and inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, by Penicillium citrinum : improvements of strain and culture conditions

In order to increase the yield of ML-236B, an intermediate for pravastatin Na (an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis) production, the improvements of an ML-236B producing strain of Penicillium citrinum, the medium composition, and the culture conditions were studied. A mutant strain S-5808, which produces ML-236B 20 times more than the original strain does in flask culture, was isolated. As the cells of S-5808 required a large amount of the carbon source substrate to produce a lot of ML-236B, a fed-batch culture method was developed. The continuous feeding of carbon source (glycerol or mixture of glycerol and maltose) was very effective for the increase of ML-236B production.ML-236B in the culture broth became oily with lowering of pH during cultivation, adhered to the cell surface, decreased the carbon source consumption and finally stopped the ML-236B production at a late period of fermentation. The addition of a polypropylene glycol type surfactant enhanced the ML-236B productivity. The addition of the.
The response of a protandrous species to exploitation, and the implications for management : a case study with patellid limpets

A zygote production model for the patellid limpet Patella vulgata has been developed to examine the effect of exploitation on the reproductive output of a protandrous (male to female sequential) hermaphrodite. Patellid limpets are broadcast spawners which can have specific implications for the effect of exploitation on reproductive output, due to sperm limitation. The combined zygote production model was made of three component sub-models; a population fecundity model, a gamete dispersal model, and a fertilisation model. The model makes explicit account of sperm limitation, and is based upon data collected through field and laboratory investigations conducted as part of this thesis. The model was used to examine the relationship between egg and zygote production, and spawning stock biomass (SSB) and fishery yield for a range of P. vulgata populations across a wave exposure gradient. The effect of different management strategies, minimum landing size or marine protected areas, on the relationship between reproductive output and yield was also examined. Protandry lead to a decoupling between SSB and zygote production as the populations were exposed to the simulated fishery. There was a five-fold variation in zygote production per unit area across a wave exposure gradient. Comparison of different management strategies indicates that the fishery yield could vary by up to three-fold depending on the management strategy used, whilst still protecting the same level of population reproductive output. The genetic population structure of the Azorean Patella candei population was also examined to determine the scale of larval dispersal to allow the management recommendations of the zygote production model to be examined in a wider ecological context. Due to evidence of a recent population bottleneck in the Azorean P. candei population no firm conclusions could be drawn from this study as to the scale of larval dispersal.
Epilepsy EEG Signal Classification Algorithm Based on Improved RBF

Epilepsy is a chronic recurrent transient brain dysfunction syndrome. It is characterized by recurrent epilepsy caused by abnormal discharge of brain neurons. Epilepsy is one of the common diseases in nervous system. The analysis of EEG signals is a hot topic in current research. In order to solve the problem of epileptic EEG signals classification accurately, we carry out in-depth research on epileptic EEG signals, analyze features from linear and non-linear perspectives, input them into the improved RBF model to dynamically extract effective features, and introduce one against one strategy classifier to reduce the probability of error classification. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm has strong robustness and high epileptic signal recognition rate.
The effect of an oral spray containing an aqueous extract of Triticum vulgare on dental plaque and gingival inflammation in schoolchildren: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM To investigate whether the daily use of a spray containing an aqueous extract of Triticum vulgare (TV), belonging to the family of Graminaceae, associated with supervised toothbrushing may improve gingival health in schoolchildren with mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design: Randomised, controlled, single-centre, examiner blind, parallel-group study. The study population included 57 schoolchildren with plaque-induced gingivitis randomly allocated to test (n = 29) and control (n = 28) group. Both groups were enrolled in a mechanical plaque control programme for a period of 2 weeks. The test group was also instructed to use a gluten free spray formulation of TV spray twice daily after toothbrushing. Evaluations of plaque index, modified gingivitis index (GI), salivary pH and whole stimulated saliva quantity took place at baseline and after 1 and 2 weeks of study product use. RESULTS No side effects were observed. Plaque accumulation and GI statistically significantly improved compared with baseline in both groups (all P-values < 0.005), while salivary pH remained nearly unchanged. Between-group differences in index reduction were statistically significant only for GI favouring the test group (P = 0.013). STATISTICS Repeated-measures ANOVA and the Friedman test were applied to evaluate the influence of time on quantitative variables within each treatment group. Differences between test and control groups were tested using the unpaired t test or the Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS This study found that TV in spray formulation is safe and effective in controlling gingival inflammation. Thus, it may be a potential adjuvant in the treatment of gingivitis in combination with mechanical plaque control in schoolchildren.
Application of ipil- ipil leaf meal (IILM) as feed Ingredient for Monosex tilapia fry (oreochronis niioticus) : In terms of growth and economics

The Ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephal) leaf analyzed for crude protein (CP), fat, crude fibre (CF), ash content, moisture content and nitrogen free extract (NFE). The CP 23± 0.12 % , fat 8 ± 0.11 %, CF 18 ± 0.15 % , ash 10 ± 0.13 %, moisture 14. ± . 16% and NFE 29. ± 1.10 % were recorded. A twenty one days experiment was conduced to assess the response of juvenile monosex tilapia with different iso-nitrogenous formulated diets for find out the feasibility study of using ipil-ipil leaf meals as feed ingredient for juvenile tilapia. Three experimental diets were formulated by using fish meal, soybean meal, rice bran and ipil ipil leaf meal. One control diet was formulated by using fish meal, soybean meal and rice bran. Considering the high demand, limited availability of fish meal and soybean meal, ipil ipil leaf meal was incorporated in juvenile tilapia feed. Among plant protein ingredients ipil ipil leaf meal was considered as the most nutritive plant protein source after soybean meal. However, high concentration of toxic element limited the incorporation level of ipil ipil leaf meal in fish feed. Use of 15 % ipil ipil leaf meal in fish feed was more significant from the view of growth performance and economics. The higher Absolute Growth was 1119.26 gm, higher Specific Growth Rate was 6.52% /day higher Feed Conversion Efficiency was 41.23% , higher Protein Efficiency Ratio was 1.178 and higher Average Daily Growth rate was 14.00% recorded in diet-4 ( which contained 15% IILM). The lower Feed Conversion Ratio 2.42 and lower cost for per unit production 34.65 taka/kg were recorded in diet-4. The higher cost for per unit fish production 45.6 tk. /kg was recorded for diet-1 where no ipil ipil leaf meal. The results suggest that tree legumes Ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephal) leaf has potential and excellent source of feed ingredients as protein supplements for juvenile monosex
Impact of 3D printed medical equipment on the management of the Covid19 pandemic

Summary Very high mortality rates of coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) are observed around the world due to lack of medical equipment. The increased need for medical devices and personal protective equipment (PPE) has kept several healthcare professionals at risk. Fortunately, 3D printing technology allows to overcome the lack of medical supplies. This study highlights the impact of 3D printing on the combat against COVID19, and its importance in the medical product supply chain. Indeed, the existing medical equipment fabricated by 3D printing technology and its role in the management of Covid19 pandemic is presented. Moreover, the last works are examined to know whether the models of the medical equipment are free of use and whether useful informations are presented (eg, available design data and setup guidelines).
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of selenium nanoparticles conjugated with polysaccharides

Abstract Nanoparticles with unique properties have potential applications in food, medicine, pharmacology, and agriculture industries. Accordingly, many significant researches have been conducted to develop novel nanoparticles using chemical and biological techniques. This review focuses on the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using polysaccharides as templates. Various instrumental techniques being used to confirm the formation of polysaccharide-SeNPs conjugates and characterize the properties of nanoparticles are also introduced. Finally, the biological activities of the synthesized SeNPs and the influence of structural factors of polysaccharides on the property of synthetic nanocomposites are highlighted. In general, the polysaccharides functionalized SeNPs can be easily obtained using sodium selenite as precursor and ascorbic acid as reductant. The final products having different particle size, morphology, and selenium content exhibit abundant physiological activities. Structural factors of polysacchairdes involving molecular weights, substitution of functional groups, and chain conformation play determinant roles on the properties of nanocomposites, resulting in different biological performances. The review on the achievements and current status of polysaccharides conjugated SeNPs provides insights into this exciting research topic for further studies in the future.
Flight Of Seeds, Flying Fish, Squid, Mammals,Amphibians And Reptiles

There are four ways for dispersing flying seeds: parachuting flight with fine filaments or pappi and gliding, rocking and spinning (or autorotational) flights with a wing or wings. A bundle of pappi applied to small seeds of flowering plants enables the seed to drift in a wind at a low rate of descent less than 0.5 m/s, whereas the wing utilized widely for flowering trees makes the seed flyable at the rate of descent less 0.5 m/s for gliding seeds and near 1.0 m/s for spinning seeds. These values are not irrelevant to their environmental condition and season of dispersion. Flying fish and squid make gliding flight with a pair of pectoral fins and membraned legs, respectively. The aspect ratio of their wing is so large (more than 5) that they are high performance flyers without beating their wings. The flying fish obtains its take-off speed by the violent fanning of the lower part of caudal fin immersed in the water and by exposing other parts of body in the air to reduce the drag. On the other hand, the flying squid attains its take-off speed by the water jet expelled from a nozzle of mantle where the water is stored. During the flight, in responding to the speed reduction due to the drag, the squid increases the trimmed angle of attack or the lift coefficient and keeps the flying height constant. Flying mammals, amphibians and reptiles have a membranous wing, the aspect ratio of which is less than 2, and make the gliding flight with a poor gliding ratio. However, the low aspect ratio wing enables them to perform highly maneuverable flights and to land either on the horizontal ground surface without over-running or on the vertical tree surface.
Predicting Cancer Using Supervised Machine Learning: Mesothelioma

BACKGROUND Pleural Mesothelioma (PM) is an unusual, belligerent tumor that rapidly develops into cancer in the pleura of the lungs. Pleural Mesothelioma is a common type of Mesothelioma that accounts for about 75% of all Mesothelioma diagnosed yearly in the U.S. Diagnosis of Mesothelioma takes several months and is expensive. Given the risk and constraints associated with PM diagnosis, early identification of this ailment is essential for patient health. OBJECTIVE In this study, we use artificial intelligence algorithms recommending the best fit model for early diagnosis and prognosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM). METHODS We retrospectively retrieved patients' clinical data collected by Dicle University, Turkey and applied multilayered perceptron (MLP), voted perceptron (VP), Clojure classifier (CC), kernel logistic regression (KLR), stochastic gradient decent (SGD), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), Hoeffding tree (VFDT), and primal estimated sub-gradient solver for support vector machine (s-Pegasos). We evaluated the models, compared and tested them using paired t-test (corrected) at 0.05 significance based on their respective classification accuracy, f-measure, precision, recall, root mean squared error, receivers' characteristic curve (ROC), and precision-recall curve (PRC). RESULTS In phase 1, SGD, AdaBoost.M1, KLR, MLP, VFDT generate optimal results with the highest possible performance measures. In phase 2, AdaBoost, with a classification accuracy of 71.29%, outperformed all other algorithms. C-reactive protein, platelet count, duration of symptoms, gender, and pleural protein were found to be the most relevant predictors that can prognosticate Mesothelioma. CONCLUSION This study confirms that data obtained from biopsy and imaging tests are strong predictors of Mesothelioma but are associated with a high cost; however, they can identify Mesothelioma with optimal accuracy.