Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Implanted Edge Termination on Vertical β-Ga2O3 Schottky Barrier Diodes Under OFF-State Stressing

Both dc and OFF-state stress characteristics of vertical beta-gallium oxide <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with or without ion-implanted edge termination (ET) were comparatively analyzed in this work. An implanted ET by He and Mg ions can effectively increase breakdown voltage (BV) from 0.5 to 1.0 and 1.5 kV, respectively, by sacrificing minimal forward characteristics. However, SBDs with ion ET exhibited a larger degradation than SBDs without ion ET after OFF-state stressing, especially for Mg ion-implanted ET, which caused more severe lattice damage at the edge of the anode by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) verification. The OFF-state characteristics were investigated by conventional measure/stress/measure (MSM) with reverse stress biases applied from −100 to −1000 V. The ion-implanted ET brings two effects on the device characteristics: 1) the increase of Schottky barrier height (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi _{B}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in both dc and OFF-state stress characteristics caused by the virtual gate-like effect and leading to an increased <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{ON}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 2) the increase of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{ON,SP}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the forward dc characteristics is attributed to the increase of anode resistance and lateral depletion.
Super-resolving Tiny Faces with Face Feature Vectors

Most of the current state-of-the-art tiny face super-resolution (SR) methods aim at learning a single one-to-one mapping to super-resolve low-resolution (LR) face images. In contrast with high-resolution (HR) faces images, LR faces images lack fine facial details, implying that an LR face image can be mapped to many HR candidates or vice versa. This ambiguity may lead that an HR face image super-resolved by one-to-one SR methods cannot preserve the accurate facial details. To alleviate this problem, we consider tiny face SR as an one-to-many mapping, and demonstrate that injecting reasonable additional facial prior knowledge can significantly reduce the ambiguity in face SR. Specifically, with the GAN architecture, we propose a novel face SR network consisting of an upsampling network and a discriminative network. The upsampling network is designed to embed facial prior knowledge (represented as a vector) into the residual features of LR inputs and super-resolve LR inputs $(16 \times 16$ pixels) with up-scaling factor of $4 \times$. The discriminative network aims at examining whether the generated HR face images matches the corresponding facial prior. Furthermore, we also propose a model which can map the samples of a standard normal distribution to the facial prior distribution. In this way, we can readily sample different facial prior to support us to super-resolve a single LR face image to abundant different HR faces images. Through conducting extensive evaluations on a large-scale dataset, we demonstrate that our method achieves encouraging results, outperforming the current competitive algorithms.
Context Aware for Internet of Things: A Survey

After the spread of sensors deployment in different domains, the con-aware paradigm has emerged, it is basically based on sensors for data collecting process in order to generate a con that represent an information which characterize a real time situation of an entity. This paradigm has vastly improved the classic systems. Progress of technologies do not stopped in con-aware but was followed by the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, and the success appeared when combining the conaware paradigm and the IoT. In this paper, we survey conaware with IoT related works. At first we present the basic concepts of con-aware, and the principles techniques used in the life cycle of the con. In second, we illustrate taxonomy of recent works. After that, a comparison study of the studied works will be presented and discussed. Finally, we conclude with some points that can improve the future works.
FPGA-Based Hardware Accelerator for Leveled Ring-LWE Fully Homomorphic Encryption

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) allows arbitrary computation on encrypted data and has great potential in privacy-preserving cloud computing and securely outsource computational tasks. However, the excessive computation complexity is the key limitation that restricting the practical application of FHE. In this paper we proposed a FPGA-based high parallelism architecture to accelerate the FHE schemes based on the ring learning with errors (RLWE) problem, specifically, we presented a fast implementation of leveled fully homomorphic encryption scheme BGV. In order to reduce the computation latency and improve the performance, we applied both circuit-level and block-level pipeline strategies to improve clock frequency, and as a result, enhance the processing speed of polynomial multipliers and homomorphic evaluation functions. At the same time, multiple polynomial multipliers and modular reduction units were deployed in parallel to further improve the hardware performance. Finally, we implemented and tested our architecture on a Virtex UltraScale FPGA platform. Runing at 150MHz, our implementation achieved <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.60\times \sim 9.49\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> speedup with respect to the optimized software implementation on Intel i7 processor running at 3.1GHz for homomorphic encryption and decryption, and the throughput was increased by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.03\times \sim 4.64\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared to the hardware implementation of BGV. While compared to the hardware implementation of FV, the throughput of our accelerator also achieved <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.05\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$167.3\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> speedup for homomorphic addition and homomorphic multiplication operation respectively.
Digital Inclusion in Nothern England: Training Women from Underrepresented Communities in Tech: A Data Analytics Case Study

The TechUPWomen programme takes 100 women from the Midlands and North of England, particularly from underrepresented communities, with degrees or experience in any subject area, retrains them in technology and upon graduation guarantees an interview with a company. The retraining programme, developed by the Partner Universities in conjunction with the Industrial Partners, has modules at level 6/7 including: Technology: coding, data science, cyber security, machine learning, agile project management; Workplace readiness skills: public speaking, clear communication, working as a team. In this paper, we introduce, for the first time, the TechUPWomen programme, and we analyse its temporal evolution and special features via a data analytics nowcasting approach. Deepening these women’s experience with applied upskilling includes one-to-one mentoring (100-100), strong networking, residentials, close industry connection with two directions (non-technical & technical) and four job-focussed final tracks: business analyst, agile project manager, data scientist, developer. TechUPWomen also has significant representation of traditionally underrepresented communities, with focus on enabling instead of teaching approach. Beside the originality of the unique combination of features of the programme, this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first analysis based on data analytics of a women in tech(nology) retraining programme, based on nowcasting. Results show that the approach is effective; topic analysis shows that frequent topics include joy, BAME, networking, residential, industry, learning.
Silicon-Based Optical-Pump Rejection Filter for Quantum Circuits

Silicon photonics appears to be the most promising technology to address the quantum photonics developments, because it is suitable to implement all stages of a quantum photonic system, such as sources, manipulation devices and receivers. In this paper, we analyse and design a pump filter with large extinction ratio (ER), narrow bandwidth (BW) and small insertion loss (IL), to achieve an efficient single-photon detection, as required by photon-pair systems. Most promising on-chip silicon-based solutions, mainly based on ring resonators and Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) are reviewed. The main drawbacks of these technologies have been critically investigated, with reference to the ER-BW conflict. To overcome this bottleneck, an additional research effort needs to investigate new high-performance devices in terms of ER, IL and BW combined with small footprint.
Semantically Correct and Intent Defined Commutativity in Distributed Systems

This paper reviews the problem of correctness in the context of scaleable distributed systems. It takes the concept of a strongly eventually consistent (SEC) data structure based on the work done on conflict free replicated data types and examines the theoretical basis of a practical application to generalised database management systems.It reasons that the condition required for a database management system to implement a monotonic semilattice and remain generic is not possible. It further proposes a framework which extends the SEC condition to capture enough information to make such a system practical to implement. Finally, it evaluates such an implementation using a modified storage engine for Apache Ignite demonstrating not just its practicality but its scaleability in Ignite and other database management systems like it.The key contributions of this work are Semantic and intent defined conflict free replicated data types, an enriched CRDT which enables generalised database systems to meet the SEC criteria for a monotonic semilattice object and Semantic Intent Configuration Language, SICL, a language and framework for distributed computing.
Amplifier-less transmission of beyond 100-Gbit/s/λ signal for 40-km DCI-Edge with 10G-class O-band DML

In this article, we experimentally demonstrate the amplifier-less transmission of beyond 100-Gbit/s signal with advanced modulation formats including discrete multi-tone (DMT) and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) in an intensity modulation direct detection (IM-DD) system for 40-km datacenter interconnects edge (DCI-Edge) utilizing a low cost commercial 10G-class O-band directly modulated laser (DML). During the transmission of DMT signal, Chow Cioffi Bingham algorithm-based bit-loading (CCB-BL) and discrete-Fourier-transform spread (DFT-spread) techniques are both discussed in the bandwidth-limited communication system. For the PAM single carrier communication system, look-up table (LUT) pre-distortion and time-domain pre-equalization schemes are jointly employed at the transmitter side to mitigate nonlinear distortions and insufficient bandwidth induced impairments, respectively. The results show that 105-Gbit/s DFT-spread DMT, 115-Gbit/s CCB-BL DMT, and 120-Gbit/s PAM-8 signals are successfully transmitted over 40-km single mode fiber (SMF) with the bit-error-rate (BER) below hard decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10–3. 120-Gbit/s DFT-spread DMT and CCB-BL DMT signals allocated within 20-GHz bandwidth can be successfully transmitted over 20-km SMF, and the receiver sensitivity of DFT-spread DMT outperforms CCB-BL DMT by 1.5-dB at the BER of 3.8 × 10–3. Due to the flexibility of bit-loading technique, when the allocated bandwidth of 120-Gbit/s CCB-BL DMT signal extends from 20-GHz to 25-GHz, the required received optical power (ROP) of CCB-BL DMT can be lower than DFT-spread DMT by 1-dB at the BER of 3.8 × 10–3 over 20-km SMF transmission. In 120-Gbit/s PAM-8 system, LUT pre-distortion technique improves the system receiver sensitivity by more than 1-dB over 40-km SMF transmission. This is the first time to discuss and implement different advanced modulation formats to achieve 100-Gbit/s/λ transmission in a 40-km amplifier-less IM-DD system with a low-cost O-band 10G class DML. Both CCB-BL DMT and LUT pre-distortion assisted PAM-8 can achieve a BER lower than HD-FEC threshold of 3.8 × 10–3 when the net rate per optical carrier is higher than 100-Gbit/s, which are promising solutions for 40-km four-lane 400-GbE DCI-Edge applications.
Screening,Identification and Primary Optimizing of a Strain Producing γ-Aminobutyric Acid from L-Glutamic Acid

A strain with capablity of producing γ-Aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid was isolated from variety of fermented food and different natutal environment samples,and the conditions of transformation were optimized.Process and Method: Isolation and purification method of Lactic acid bacteria was used to screen the strain yielding γ-amino butyric acid,and its morphology analysis,physiological and biochemical properties and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA sequence were identified.And then the conditions of transformation were optimized for the Lactic acid bacteria separately.Based on Systems Manual of Determinative Common Bacteriology,the bacteria was preliminarily identified Lactobacillus plantarum.The better transformation conditions as follows: cell age 36 h,buffer initial pH 4.8,buffer concentration 0.2 mol/L;The content of GABA was over 34.26 g/L and transformation efficient was up to 97.81% in the optimum transformation conditions.The strain can be used to produce γ-amino butyric acid and has a higher converting capability of GABA.
Antibacterial-Integrated Collagen Wound Dressing for Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcers: An Evidence-Based Review of Clinical Studies

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic wound frequently delayed from severe infection. Wound dressing provides an essential barrier between the ulcer and the external environment. This review aimed to analyse the effectiveness of antibacterial collagen-based dressing for DFU treatment in a clinical setting. An electronic search in four databases, namely, Scopus, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE(R), and ISI Web of Science, was performed to obtain relevant articles published within the last ten years. The published studies were included if they reported evidence of (1) collagen-based antibacterial dressing or (2) wound healing for diabetic ulcers, and (3) were written in English. Both randomised and non-randomised clinical trials were included. The search for relevant clinical studies (n) identified eight related references discussing the effectiveness of collagen-based antibacterial wound dressings for DFU comprising collagen impregnated with polyhexamethylene biguanide (n = 2), gentamicin (n = 3), combined-cellulose and silver (n = 1), gentian violet/methylene blue mixed (n = 1), and silver (n = 1). The clinical data were limited by small sample sizes and multiple aetiologies of chronic wounds. The evidence was not robust enough for a conclusive statement, although most of the studies reported positive outcomes for the use of collagen dressings loaded with antibacterial properties for DFU wound healing. This study emphasises the importance of having standardised clinical trials, larger sample sizes, and accurate reporting for reliable statistical evidence confirming DFU treatment efficiency.
Design of U-Shaped Structure with Transmission Line Model for Wireless Applications

In this paper a U-shaped structure antenna with equivalent circuit model of frequency selective surface is designed. The U-Shaped structure is given based on the circuit inductance and capacitance on the equivalent circuit model. This method of U-shape is quite fact and accurate analysis for both Transverse electric and magnetic modes. This method has been computing the transverse electric and magnetic modes for U-Shaped with various slots in the open ended waveguides. The U-Shaped structure antenna transforming TEM mode into TE and TM modes radiates from open-ended waveguide. The frequency selective surface provides the various pass bands in which a frequency is presented. To verify the design and simulated results of the U-shaped structure of transmission line model of TE and TM modes measured. The proposed structure can be used in the area of wireless and satellite communication.
Ribosome Pausing at Inefficient Codons at the End of the Replicase Coding Region Is Important for Hepatitis C Virus Genome Replication

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects liver cells and often causes chronic infection, also leading to liver cirrhosis and cancer. In the cytoplasm, the viral structural and non-structural (NS) proteins are directly translated from the plus strand HCV RNA genome. The viral proteins NS3 to NS5B proteins constitute the replication complex that is required for RNA genome replication via a minus strand antigenome. The most C-terminal protein in the genome is the NS5B replicase, which needs to initiate antigenome RNA synthesis at the very 3′-end of the plus strand. Using ribosome profiling of cells replicating full-length infectious HCV genomes, we uncovered that ribosomes accumulate at the HCV stop codon and about 30 nucleotides upstream of it. This pausing is due to the presence of conserved rare, inefficient Wobble codons upstream of the termination site. Synonymous substitution of these inefficient codons to efficient codons has negative consequences for viral RNA replication but not for viral protein synthesis. This pausing may allow the enzymatically active replicase core to find its genuine RNA template in cis, while the protein is still held in place by being stuck with its C-terminus in the exit tunnel of the paused ribosome.
Determining the stress-strain relation of eutectic Sn58Bi alloy by nanoindentation combined with reverse analysis

In this study, nanoindentation load-displacement curves of an eutectic Sn58Bi alloy were obtained. The measured elastic modulus and hardness were 40.6180 and 0.2886 GPa, respectively. To determine the power-law elastoplastic constitutive relation of this alloy, reverse analysis of the loading stage of the nanoindentation was performed to identity the representative stress and strain by finite element simulation. Based on the dimensional analysis put forward by Dao et al., the calculated strain-hardening exponent was 0.2577. The yield strength of eutectic Sn58Bi alloy can be identified by substituting the obtained elastic modulus, strain-hardening exponent, representative stress and strain into the power-law constitutive model.
Antibiotics and Food Safety in Aquaculture.

Antibiotics are widely used in aquaculture. Intensive farming drives indiscriminate use of antibiotics, which results in residues of antibiotics in cultured aquatic products and bacterial resistance. This perspective attempts to present a brief update on usage, regulations, residues and potential human health risk of antibiotics used in aquaculture. Through the comprehensive literature review, we provide a view that the safety of aquatic products still requires further attention and more rigorous risk assessment. Finally, we make a few suggestions for future research directions: reduce the use of antibiotics to bring down the speed of resistance development, and monitor resistant pathogen and genes; strictly manage the environmental sanitation of aquaculture and pay attention to the quality of water bodies introduced into aquaculture; seek international cooperation to establish an information bank of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistant genes, and set up a quantitative model to assess the risk of antibiotic resistance associated with the antibiotic residues.
A Network Aggregation Tool for the Energy System Modelling Framework Spine

Network reduction techniques are very useful for taming the complexity of simulating large interconnected power systems. In this paper, we present the implementation of a tool that performs a multi-area spatial network aggregation based on the generalized Radial Equivalent Independent (REI) methodology. The tool is integrated in Spine, an open source energy modelling framework currently under development. The main objective of Spine is to enable open, practical, flexible and realistic planning of future European energy grids. The validity and the efficacy of the reduction tool is investigated through a series of power flow scenarios for various test networks.
A Comprehensive Review on Corn Starch-Based Nanomaterials: Properties, Simulations, and Applications

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the major food crops, and it is considered to be a very distinctive plant, since it is able to produce a large amount of the natural polymer of starch through its capacity to utilize large amounts of sunlight. Corn starch is used in a wide range of products and applications. In recent years, the use of nanotechnology for applications in the food industry has become more apparent; it has been used for protecting against biological and chemical deterioration, increasing bioavailability, and enhancing physical properties, among other functions. However, the high cost of nanotechnology can make it difficult for its application on a commercial scale. As a biodegradable natural polymer, corn starch is a great alternative for the production of nanomaterials. Therefore, the search for alternative materials to be used in nanotechnology has been studied. This review has discussed in detail the properties, simulations, and wide range of applications of corn starch-based nanomaterials.
Attribute-Based Encryption Approach for Storage, Sharing and Retrieval of Encrypted Data in the Cloud

One of the most cost-effective services in cloud computing is storage, used by businesses and individuals to outsource their massive data to untrusted servers. Efforts have studied problems around this application scenario in different fronts: efficiency, flexibility, reliability, and security. In this paper we address the security concerns of cloud storage under the scenario where users encrypt-then-outsource data, share their outsourced data with other users, and the service provider can be queried for searching and retrieval of encrypted data. As main distinctive, we propose a security approach for storage, sharing and retrieval of encrypted data in the cloud fully constructed on the basis of attribute-based encryption (ABE) thus enabling access control mechanisms over both the encrypted data and also for the information retrieval task through search access control. Compared to related works, our approach considers efficient encryption at three different levels: <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) bulk encryption of data outsourced to the cloud, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ii$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) keys management for access control over encrypted data by means of digital envelopes from attribute based encryption, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$iii$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) novel construction for attribute based searchable encryption (ABSE). Our underlying ABE algorithms are carefully selected from the body of knowledge and novel constructions for ABSE are provided over the asymmetric setting (Type-III pairings) to support security levels of 128-bits or greater. Experimental results on benchmark data sets demonstrate the viability of our approach for practical realizations using Barreto-Naehrig curves.