Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impatiens qingchengshanica (Balsaminaceae), a unique new species from China and its phylogenetic position

Impatiens qingchengshanica Y. -M. Yuan, Y. Song & X. -J. Ge, sp. nov. is described and illus- trated. It was collected from a broad-leaved forest on Sichuan Province's Qingcheng Shan, Southwestern Chi- na. This species is unique in the genus for its specialized nodular (moniliform) and horizontal rootstock with conspicuously enlarged knots (1-3 cm in diameter) and long (3-5 cm), thin (2-3 mm in diameter) string. It resembles I. clavigera Hook. f. in terms of gross floral morphology. Impatiens qingchengshanica has oblong, elliptic or widely elliptic leaves and showy pink flowers. The lower sepal is funnel-form, ca. 4-4.5 cm deep, abruptly narrowed into a subulate spur ca. 2.5-3 cm long, straight, and only occasionally incurved in young buds. The left and right pairs of the lateral united petals are unequal in size thus the whole flower is oblique and asymmetrical. The lower petals of the lateral united petals are oblong and oblique unlike I. clavigera, which has obovate, lanceolate or oblanceolate leaves and bright yellow flowers. Its lower sepal is subsaccate, 2-3 cm deep, abruptly contracted into a narrow tubular spur which is 5-6 mm long, conspicuously incurved when flowering. The left and right pairs of the lateral united petals are almost equal in size, thus the whole flower is nearly symmetrical. The lower petals of the lateral united petals are dolabriform. The new species is also similar to I. omeiana Hook. f. and I. pritzelii Hook. f. in terms of rhizome, leaf and stem morphology, but the flower shape and bauplan are conspicuously different. Impatiens omeiana has enlarged tuberous rhizomes, yellow or pale yellow flowers with subsaccate to saccate lower sepals that gradually narrow into a short in- curved spur, and dolabriform lower petals of the lateral united petals. Impatiens pritzelii has a procumbent tortuous subterranean stem with enlarged nodes, yellow or yellow-white flowers with saccate to widely saccate lower sepals which gradually narrow into a short incurved spur, and oblong or subdolabriform lower petals having a rounded apex. The new species is nested in the basal clade of the phylogentic tree of the genus, and thus represents one of the ancestral forms with important implications for understanding the evolution within the genus. Molecular phylogeny further indicated that nodular (moniliform) and tuberose rootstocks may have undergone multiple independent origins and parallel evolution within the genus adaptive to the seasonal dry habitats of the species.
Synchronization dynamics of two mutually coupled 555-IC based electronic oscillators

We designed and implemented an electronic oscillatory system consisting of two mutually coupled oscillators (each one based on the 555- timer IC working in astable mode), and investigated its synchronization dynamics. For that purpose, we characterized the phase-locking rhythms achieved in a large set of values of the uncoupled frequency ratio and of the coupling strength between both oscillators. We further developed an ODE mathematical model that qualitative reproduces the obtained experimental results and provides further insight into the system behavior.
Are exports and imports of Chile cointegrated

This study examines the long-run relationship between Chilean exports and imports during the 1975-2004 period using unit root tests and cointegration techniques that allow for endogenously determined structural breaks. The results indicate that there exists a long-run equilibrium between exports and imports in Chile, despite the balance-of-payments crisis of 1982-83. This finding implies that Chile\'s macroeconomic policies have been effective in the long-run and suggests that Chile is not in violation of its international budget constraint.
Dynamic analysis of Cantilever beam with transverse crack

paper contains an attempt to evaluate dynamic be- haviors of beam structures with transverse crack sub- jected to external force. In this work theoretical expres- sions have developed for finding out the mode shapes and natural frequencies for beam with transverse crack using flexibility influence coefficients and local stiffness matrix. Crack depth and crack position are taken as main variable parameters. Suitable numerical models are con- sidered, and the results are presented graphically. Fur- ther experimental and finite element analysis verifica- tions are also done to prove the authenticity of the theory developed. The work leads to the conclusion that, the presence of crack in structure makes an appreciable difference in dynamic response.
Application of ANNs approach for solving fully fuzzy polynomials system

In processing indecisive or unclear information, the advantages of fuzzy logic and neurocomputing disciplines should be taken into account and combined by fuzzy neural networks. The current research intends to present a fuzzy modeling method using multi-layer fuzzy neural networks for solving a fully fuzzy polynomials system. To clarify the point, it is necessary to inform that a supervised gradient descent-based learning law is employed. The feasibility of the method is examined using computer simulations on a numerical example. The experimental results obtained from the investigation of the proposed method are valid and delivers very good approximation results.
Automatic Maneuver Recognition in the Automobile: the Fusion of Uncertain Sensor Values using Bayesian Models

A probabilistic system for automatic driving maneuver recognition from CAN-Bus and sensor data is in development at the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Major obstacles to automatic maneuver recognition in the automobile today are presented by the wide variety of styles in which driving maneuvers are performed and the high degree of uncertainty present in the sensor data. Traditional rule-based systems are ill-equipped to deal with these problems. Instead, Bayesian models, which offer a solid, theoretical framework for the derivation of inferences from uncertain evidence, are used for the inference of the driving maneuver being performed. Driver behavior analysis and tests of a prototype maneuver-recognition system are performed in real traffic using the ViewCar, a research vehicle equipped with cameras and sensors to measure and record CAN-Bus, environment and driver data. Experiments with the prototype system yield a driving maneuver recognition rate of approximately 92%.
First Pacific record of the north Atlantic ascidian Molgula citrina - bioinvasion or circumpolar distribution?

The small brooding ascidian Molgula citrina Alder and Hancock, 1848 has long been known as a common inhabitant of shallow waters on both sides of the north Atlantic on subtidal natural hard substrates and also as a fouler of floating docks. There are published records from the White Sea (NW Russia), but none from the north Pacific. In May and August 2008, a number of adult brooding Molgula sp. specimens were collected from floating docks at the small fishing village of Seldovia on the Kenai Peninsula at Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Morphologically these individuals exactly match Atlantic specimens of Molgula citrina in all characters that were examined. The unique constellation of characters for this species differentiates it from all other Molgula species, as noted by Van Name (1945). In addition, the full-length 18S and 28S rDNA sequences are identical for both the Alaska specimens and New England M. citrina. Is this a new invasion, or is M. citrina a northern circumpolar species that was somehow overlooked? If this new record indicates a natural distribution, why has it not been collected before? If it is a recent introduction, it is unlikely that M. citrina, an inhabitant of cold waters, could survive in sea chests of ships from the N. Atlantic arriving in Alaska via the Panama Canal, but the intriguing idea exists of transport from Atlantic to Pacific through the Northwest or Northeast Passages. As global warming diminishes the ice cover in this region, more and more ships are traversing the Northwest Passage across northern Canada as well as the NE Passage across northern Russia, representing significant new routes for anthropogenic transport of marine species. The tadpoles of this small brooder are retained for some time after hatching, resulting in an extremely short free larval life, but could survive as metamorphosed juveniles attached in sea chests or free-floating in ballast water. They have a wide temperature tolerance and once they metamorphose can live free-floating in sea water for some time. They become very sticky and will ultimately stick to whatever they contact. Thus they could conceivably live for many generations in sea chests and sustain a viable population from which to invade new habitats.
Quartz technology in Scottish prehistory

The project Quartz Technology in Scottish Prehistory was initiated in the year 2000, and over the following five years a large number of quartz assemblages were examined from all parts of Scotland, and from all prehistoric periods. The general aim of the project was to shed light on quartz variability, that is, to define how quartz assemblages in different periods and areas of the Scottish quartz province (the north, north-west and Highland regions of Scotland) differ. Subsequently it was attempted to explain the observed variability, focusing on factors such as chronology, territoriality, access to lithic resources, technology and activity patterns. In the larger framework, the present paper forms part of international efforts to increase awareness of archaeological quartz as an important resource. It is hoped that the research put forward in this paper may prove useful to quartz researchers in other parts of the world.
Mechanics of Advanced Composite Structures

Molecular dynamics Mechanical properties Nanocomposite Functional nanofiller Hybrid In this paper, the effects of filler type, filler content, functionalization, and the use of hybrid nanofillers on nanocomposite mechanical properties are investigated. For this purpose, several nanocomposite types were modeled and analyzed using Molecular Dynamics method. In the molecular dynamic’s simulations, crosslinking and nanofiller/matrix interface effects were considered. First thermoset epoxy resin with 75% crosslinking ratio between DGEBA resin and DETA hardener were simulated to determine pure resin properties. Then nanocomposites consisting of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), nanog-raphene (NG), carbon nanoparticle (CNP), functional single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-COOH), and functional nanographene (nanographene oxide) in thermoset epoxy were modeled and analyzed using Materials Studio software. In addition, filler weight frac-tion was increased from 2.5 to 10 percent in order to investigate the effects of filler content on nanocomposite mechanical properties. The results indicated that increasing nanofiller weight fraction from 0 to 7.5% resulted in an increase in nanocomposite elastic modulus for three non-functional nanofiller types. Moreover, functionalization improving nano-composite properties as the highest increase in resin elastic modulus were obtained for the SWCNT-COOH reinforced epoxy for filler contents up to 7.5 weight percent. Also, ag-glomeration occurred at filler contents higher than 7.5 weight percent in the NG/epoxy, SWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites. Finally, the use of hybrid nanofillers reduced/prevented agglomeration for filler contents even up to 10 weight percent.
Production of Biologically Activated Carbon from Orange Peel and Landfill Leachate Subsequent Treatment Technology

In order to improve adsorption of macromolecular contaminants and promote the growth of microorganisms, active carbon for biological wastewater treatment or follow-up processing requires abundant mesopore and good biophile ability. In this experiment, biophile mesopore active carbon is produced in one-step activation with orange peel as raw material, and zinc chloride as activator, and the adsorption characteristics of orange peel active carbon is studied by static adsorption method. BET specific surface area and pore volume reached 1477 m2/g and 2.090 m3/g, respectively. The surface functional groups were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The surface of the as-prepared activated carbon contained hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, and methoxy group. The analysis based on X-ray diffraction spectrogram (XRD) and three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum indicated that the as-prepared activated carbon, with smaller microcrystalline diameter and microcrystalline thickness and enhanced reactivity, exhibited enhanced adsorption performance. This research has a deep influence in effectively controlling water pollution, improving area water quality, easing orange peel waste pollution, and promoting coordinated development among society, economy, and environment.
Three-Dimensional Quantification of Foundation Garment s Shaping Effects

Fashion garments sculpt the human body according to the up-to-date style. Foundation garments used to be out of whalebone and stiff materials. Nowadays thin and light shapewear aims to smooth obvious subcutaneous fat. Material, pattern, fit and formability of the body tissue influence the effect of shapewear. Thus, it is not known how much or even if shaping garments effect the body form. Moreover, there is a lack of standardized methods to analyze shaping effects of foundation garments. Up to now research focused two paths to analyze the functionality of shaping garment. First was to quantify the pressure applied, second was to measure the body changes achieved by the products. Governmental funded research project “Shaping Effects” aims to combine and pursue the research approaches. Project term is two years starting from April 2017. Therefore, most of the work is ongoing. The following presents preliminary results. 41 shapewear products were tested with HOSY apparatus to measure pressure gradient. PicoPress device was utilized to determine pressure between garment and manikin or human body respectively. 3D-analysis based on before and after scans was performed to measure changes in body geometry. Two test subjects tested shaping garments so far. Test methods were processed successfully. First results underlined the influence of material properties, body geometry and body tissue on shaping effects.
Role of lung ultrasound in paediatric patients

Magdalena Kryger, Wojciech Kosiak Received: 13.08. 2014 Accepted: 18.09. 2014 Published: 31.12. 2014 © Pediatr Med Rodz 2014, 10 (4), p. 386–396 Rola przezklatkowej ultrasonografii płuc u dzieci / Role of lung ultrasound in paediatric patients
Potential phytate-degrading enzyme producing bacteria isolated from Malaysian maize plantation

Phytases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphomonoester bonds in phytate, thereby releasing lower forms of myo-inositol phosphates and inorganic phosphate. Phytase enzyme preparations have a wide range of applications in animal and human nutrition. The addition of phytate-degrading enzyme can improve the nutritional value of plant-based foods by enhancing protein digestibility and mineral availability through phytate hydrolysis during digestion in stomach or during food processing. 30 strains of potential phytate-degrading enzymes bacteria isolated from Malaysian maize plantation were cultivated in Luria Bertani (LB) and Luria Bertani + Rice Bran (LBRB) media for 5 days and were analyzed for phytase activity. The 6 strains with highest activity were chosen for species identification. Two set of broad-range 16S rRNA PCR primers were used for genotypic identification. ASUIA279 was the strain that had has the highest phytase activity in LBRB followed by ASUIA271, ASUIA138, ASUIA260, ASUIA243 and ASUIA30. The genotypic technique revealed Pantoea stewartii ASUIA271, Enterobacter sakazakiiASUIA279, Bacillus cereus ASUIA260, Bacillus subtilis ASUIA243, P. stewartiiASUIA138 and B. cereus ASUIA30.
Categorizing Stars with Known Properties Using the Expectation-Maximization Clustering Algorithm

Hertzsprung and Russell, created a diagram of then known stars with respect to absolute magnitudes or luminosities versus their stellar classifications or effective temperatures. This gave a clear clusters of star types, namely main sequence stars, from birth to maturity, followed by giants, supergiants and white dwarfs. With the rise of technology number of stars with known properties had been growing exponentially and manual categorization is futile. Using the same parameters of HR diagram, this paper analyzes the efficiency of unsupervised ML algorithm expectation-maximization clustering on a database containing 120 000 stars.
Berlin , September 2004 Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Firm Leverage

This paper investigates the link between the optimal level of nonfinancial firms’ leverage and macroeconomic uncertainty. We develop a structural model of a firm’s value maximization problem that predicts that as macroeconomic uncertainty increases the firm will decrease its optimal level of borrowing. We test this proposition using a panel of non–financial US firms drawn from the COMPUSTAT quarterly database covering the period 1991–2001. The estimates confirm that as macroeconomic uncertainty increases, firms decrease their levels of leverage. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our results are robust with respect to the inclusion of the index of leading indicators.
Preliminary results in the taxonomy of the cryptic group Aphis frangulae/gossypii obtained from mitochondrial DNA sequence

Phylogenetic relationships within members of the cryptic group Aphis frangulae/gossypii (Rhynchota Aphididae) were inferred from partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (COI). Sixteen postulated species, with several specimens per species, were included, representing part of recognized species inside the group. Results show that the monophyly of the frangulae/gossypii group is well supported. In the phylogenetic tree the two main clusters represented by A. gossypii and A. frangulae are clearly evident, each one associated with other more strictly allied species. Inside the A. gossypii (sensu stricto) group there is very little if any genetic difference within other postulated species, i.e. A. sedi, A. catalpae, A. myopori, and A. capsellae; the latter might represent therefore populations of the former species rather than separate specific taxa in the traditional sense.
Analysis of Corrections Methods in Genome-Wide Association Studies

Genome wide association study (GWAS) can directly study the relationship between human behavior and genotype, which provides a new way for researchers to explore the genetic basis of human behavior from the whole genome level. GWAS involves a large number of sites and behavior of the association test, so we must use multiple correction to control the overall false. Although there are a variety of correction methods to choose from, but the applicability of different correction methods in GWAS research is still lack of systematic research, which makes the choice of multiple correction methods in GWAS lack of theoretical and empirical basis. GWAS commonly used in the correction method is based on the family-wise error rate (FWER) standard Bonferroni correction method, Holm regression adjustment method, permutation test method and false detection rate (FDR) standard BH method. In this paper, the principle and process of the 4 kinds of multiple correction methods are described in detail. A simulation method of GWAS data is presented. The results show that the first 3 methods based on FWER are very small, they are the most stringent control of false, but the number of bits of the real association is significantly lower than the FDR based BH method. Independent data, the BH reported by the SNPs method has the highest rate of interpretation, that is, compared with other methods, the BH method better balance the false and hit. The BH method can be used to correct the results in future studies.
Development of Availability and Sustainability Spares Optimization Models for Aircraft Reparables

Abstract : The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) conducts Logistics Support Analysis (LSA) studies in various engineering and logistics efforts on the myriad of weapon systems. In these studies, inventory spares provisioning, availability and sustainability analyses are key focus areas to ensure asset sustenance. In particular, OPUS10, a commercial-off-the-shelf software, is extensively used to conduct reparable spares optimization in acquisition programs. However, it is limited in its ability to conduct availability and sustainability analyses of time-varying operational demands, crucial in Operations & Support (O&S) and contingency planning. As the RSAF seeks force structure expansion to include more sophisticated weapon systems, the operating environment will become more complex. Agile and responsive logistics solutions are needed to ensure the RSAF engineering community consistently pushes for deepening competencies, particularly in LSA capabilities. This research is aimed at the development of a model solution that combines optimization and sustainability capabilities to meet the dynamic requirements in O&S and contingency planning. In particular, a unique dynamic operational profile conversion model was developed to realize these capabilities. It is envisaged that the research would afford the ease of use, versatility, speed and accuracy required in LSA studies, to provide the necessary edge in inventory reparable spares modeling.
Image Encryption Using Novel Mappings over GF(2^n)

Galois Field GF(2^n) is valuable to encryption and has been used in some famous encryption algorithms, such as BCH and AES. In practical application, image encryptions are used widely to protect information in transmission. This paper will propose two image encryption techniques based on two novel mappings over GF(2^n): One involves a transformation consisting of a linear transformation and a Frobenius automorphism, which shuffles pixels’ positions, that is, a permutation, giving a good diffusion effect, and another one alters pixels’ values and gives dramatic confusion effect. Key Words: Galois field; Frobenius automorphism; Linear transformation; Confusion; Diffusion
INDONESIAN LOCAL LITERATURE FOR ENGLISH TEACHING

The potential of local literature as a source of language learning which is3 rich, vibrant, and more spontaneous to teach and as a medium to develop literacy as well as to instill local values is overlooked in teaching English in Indonesia including teaching English for young learners. This paper is based on an on-going study which aims to (1) find out TEFL students’ familiarity with Indonesian local literature, (2) know TEFL students’ perception on the local literature, (3) develop English language skill materials based on local literature, and (4) utilize visual aid to present the material. The respondents were 15 students of TEFL class prepared to be Primary School English tutors. Data for objectives (1) and (2) were collected via survey and discussed descriptively. Data for objectives (3) and (4) were a proposed prototype developed by teacher and students. Results show that 33.3% of the students know only one local story, 26.7% know three local stories, and the rest (40%) know between four to nine local stories. The stories chosen by the students as their favorite are stories containing moral values such as respect to parents, loyalty, and compassion. The story chosen to develop as learning material is Malin Kundang. Key words: Indonesian local literature, English teaching, young leaners