Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of cortical reorganization in area 17 and nine extrastriate visual areas through the detection of changes in immediate early gene expression as induced by retinal lesions

The effect of binocular central retinal lesions on the expression of the immediate early genes c‐fos and zif268 in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ( dLGN ) and the visual cortex of adult cats was investigated by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. In the deafferented region of the dLGN , the c‐fos mRNA level was decreased within 3 days. The dimensions of the geniculate region showing decreased amounts of c‐fos mRNA matched the predictions based on the lesion size and the retinotopic maps of Sanderson ([1971] J. Comp. Neurol. 143:101–118). We did not detect zif268 mRNA in the dLGN . At the cortical level, both c‐fos and zif268 mRNA expression decreased in the sensory‐deprived region of area 17. In addition, the portions of areas 18, 19, 21a, 21b, and 7, as well as the posterior medial lateral suprasylvian area, the posterior lateral lateral suprasylvian area, the ventral lateral suprasylvian area, and the dorsal lateral suprasylvian area corresponding to the retinal lesions also displayed decreased c‐fos and zif268 mRNA levels. Immunocytochemistry revealed similar changes for Zif268 and Fos protein. Three days post lesion, the dimensions of the lesion‐affected cortical loci exceeded the predictions in relation to the size of the retinal lesions and the available retinotopic maps. Longer postlesion survival times clearly resulted in a time‐dependent restoration of immediate early gene expression from the border to the center of the lesion‐affected cortical portions. Our findings represent a new approach for investigating the capacity of adult sensory systems to undergo plastic changes following sensory deprivation and for defining the topographic nature of sensory subcortical and cortical structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 425:531–544, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between apathy and cognitive dysfunctions in de novo untreated Parkinson's disease: a prospective longitudinal study

Apathy may be either a symptom of major depression or a behavioral disturbance occurring in concomitance with depression or alone in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of the present study was to determine the progression of cognitive impairment in drug‐naïve untreated PD patients with or without clinically significant apathy.
Islanding Detection and Over Voltage Mitigation using Wireless Sensor Networks and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

An islanding condition occurs when a distributed generation (DG) unit continues to energize a part of the grid while said part has been isolated from the main electrical utility. In this event, if the power of the DG exceeds the load, a transient over voltage (TOV) will occur. The adverse effects of TOVs and islanding require that sub-circuits within a power grid not only allow the detection of islanding and TOVs, but also mitigate the over voltages while having the ability to disconnect DG from the grid, if necessary. This paper proposes a solution to this problem based on wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the use of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations as their central communication hubs. Using a simulation, EVs connected to the charging stations are fast-acting loads for the mitigation of TOVs.
Cytokine and growth factor receptors in the nucleus: What's up with that?

Signaling via cell surface receptors that are anchored by a single transmembrane domain is a well‐established paradigm. Ligand binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor facilitates receptor dimerization, which juxtaposes the intracellular domains, typically activating intrinsic or associated kinases. Two large families of tyrosine kinase activating receptors have been particularly well characterized: the receptor‐type protein tyrosine kinases and the receptors for the α‐helical cytokines, which activate non‐covalently bound JAK family tyrosine kinases. Despite the well‐established function of these receptors at the cell surface, both intact and cleaved receptors belonging to these families have been repeatedly detected in the nucleus. Furthermore, there is evidence that some of these receptors or receptor fragments function directly in modulating gene transcription. In this essay, I examine how close we are to demonstrating that direct translocation of receptors, or receptor fragments, from the cell surface to the nucleus is a physiologically relevant means of intracellular signaling that can supplant or complement canonical signaling cascades. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
QoS-adjustable home gateway for IPTV service

We propose a home gateway architecture for an IPTV service that has QoS management functionality. This home gateway contains a multicast packet classifier and a priority regenerator that can handle multiple IPTV traffics concurrently. In order to provide IPTV service with QoS in a home network, we also design an IPTV channel zapping manager that communicates coincidently with a home network QoS manager.
Violence in Treatment Resistant Psychotic Inpatients

This study sought to: a) ascertain the effect on rates of violence by varying its operational definition and b) compare characteristics of violent and nonviolent patients. Aggressive behavior was recorded daily for every patient (N = 78) during a 2-year period. Standardized rating scales were used to rate psychopathology and functioning. Almost two thirds of patients were aggressive to others, and 26% violently assaulted another person. Official incident reports underestimated rates of violence to others, self- harm, and property damage. Multivariate predictive models that greatly improved accuracy over base rates showed that violent patients tended to be female, schizophrenic (nonparanoid type), and abusive of alcohol before admission. Violence is more common in treatment resistant psychotic inpatients than suggested by incident reports. Standardized definitions of violence are urged in order to accurately study its prevalence and correlates. Models combining both historical/demographic and clinical data may enhance prediction of violence.
Immuno-enzymatic evaluation of the recombinant TSSA-II protein of Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs and human sera: a tool for epidemiological studies

SUMMARY The rTSSA-II (recombinant Trypomastigote Small Surface II) antigen was evaluated by ELISA to detect anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in sera from naturally infected dogs and humans. For this evaluation ELISA-rTSSA-II was standardized and groups were classified according to the results obtained through xenodiagnosis, ELISA and PCR. Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp), Kappa index (KI) and area under curve (AUC) were determined. The Se was determined by using 14 sera from dogs infected with T. cruzi VI (TcVI) whereas Sp was determined by using 95 non-chagasic sera by xenodiagnosis, ELISA-Homogenate and PCR. The performance of ELISA-rTSSA-II in dog sera was high (AUC=0·93 and KI=0·91). The Se was 92·85% (1 false negative) and Sp was 100%. Two sera from dogs infected with TcI and 1 with TcIII were negative. For patients infected with T. cruzi, reactivity was 87·8% (36/41), there was only 1 indeterminate, and Sp was 100%. Fifty-four sera from non-chagasic and 68 sera from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis did not react with rTSS-II. ELISA-rTSSA-II showed a high performance when studying sera from naturally infected dogs and it also presented 100% Sp. This assay could be an important tool to carry out sero-epidemiological surveys on the prevalence of T. cruzi circulating lineages in the region.
1.2 V CMOS switched-capacitor circuits

In battery-powered portable systems, low-voltage CMOS integrated circuits are essential for low power consumption. While integrating analog and digital circuits on the same chip, it is preferred that both analog and digital circuits share the same voltage supplies. However, a low supply voltage forces severe constraints on the design of analog circuits and the conventional CMOS transmission gates may no longer be adequate or even functional as analog switches if the signal swing of the switch control is kept between the nominal supply voltages. Design techniques for 1.2 V CMOS switched-capacitor (SC) circuits are described. MOS transistors with low-threshold voltages are not required. The signal paths are fully differential to maximize noise immunity against disturbances from supplies and substrate, critical when a large number of digital circuits are on the same chip. The analog switches are implemented with nMOS transistors. An on-chip high-voltage generator is used to generate the high-voltage required to turn on the nMOS switches. The circuits use a 0.8 /spl mu/m n-well double-poly double-metal CMOS technology. The threshold voltages are 0.7 V for the nMOSTs, and -0.8V for the pMOSTs.
A contextual resources use: a proof of concept through the APACHES' platform

A homogeneous architecture made of an array of so-called NPUs (network processing units) is presented in this paper. Those NPUs are endowed with elementary processing and communication capabilities, that for exploring the opportunity of finely adapting system behavior according to current system state. Applications considered in this work are described as task graphs, which are mapped at run-time taking into account the performance requirements, the number of available NPUs and their respective positions. The placement is performed using different algorithms. An adaptive architecture running several MJPEG streaming applications is used for experiments and comparisons
Prediction as a Rule for Unsupervised Learning in Deep Neural Networks

While machine learning systems have recently achieved impressive, (super)human-level performance in several tasks, they have often relied on unnatural amounts of supervision – e.g. large numbers of labeled images or continuous scores in video games. In contrast, human learning is largely unsupervised, driven by observation and interaction with the world. Emulating this type of learning in machines is an open challenge, and one that is critical for general artificial intelligence. Here, we explore prediction of future frames in video sequences as an unsupervised learning rule. A key insight here is that in order to be able to predict how the visual world will change over time, an agent must have at least some implicit model of object structure and the possible transformations objects can undergo. To this end, we have designed several models capable of accurate prediction in complex sequences. Our first model consists of a recurrent extension to the standard autoencoder framework. Trained end-to-end to predict the movement of synthetic stimuli, we find that the model learns a representation of the underlying latent parameters of the 3D objects themselves. Importantly, we find that this representation is naturally tolerant to object transformations, and generalizes well to new tasks, such as classification of static images. Similar models trained solely with a reconstruction loss fail to generalize as effectively. In addition, we explore the use of an adversarial loss, as in a Generative Adversarial Network, illustrating its complementary effects to traditional pixel losses for the task of next-frame prediction.
A fault-tolerant 30 ns/375 mW 16Kx1 NMOS static RAM

A fault-tolerant 30950 mil/SUP 2/ (19.9 mm/SUP 2/) 16K/spl times/1 static MOS RAM has been fabricated with a single polysilicon E/D NMOS process. Using circuit techniques normally restricted to dynamic RAMs, but adapted for asynchronous operation, the device achieves a typical access time of 30 ns while dissipating only 375 mW. Among the topics discussed in a new single-polysilicon memory cell configuration, the first truly asynchronous bootstrap circuit, an active bit-line equilibration and precharge scheme, and a new power-efficient substrate bias generator. Also described is an on-chip redundancy scheme which consumes approximately 2 percent of the total chip area, does not compromise access time and can be programmed using standard test equipment.
Quantum-dot-modified microbubbles with bi-mode imaging capabilities

The aim of this paper was to develop a novel bi-mode ultrasound/fluorescent imaging agent through stepwise layer-by-layer deposition of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) onto ST68 microbubbles (MBs) produced by sonication of a mixture of surfactants (Span 60 and Tween 80). The experiments using photoluminescence spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that CdTe nanoparticles were successfully adsorbed on the outer surface of the MBs. The static light scattering measurements showed that size distributions of MBs before and after QD deposition met the size requirements for clinical application. The in vitro and in vivo ultrasonography indicated that the QD-modified MBs maintained good contrast enhancement properties as the original MBs. Furthermore, the in vitro ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) experiment of the QD–MB composites was carried out to validate the ability of MBs to deliver QDs for fluorescent imaging. The results showed that the QD-modified MBs not only maintained the capability of ultrasound imaging, but also could be used as a targeted-drug controlled-release system to deliver the QDs for cell and tissue fluorescent imaging by UTMD. The novel dual-functional imaging agent has potential for a variety of biological and medical applications.
Localization and Regulation of Phenylethanolamine N‐Methyltransferase Gene Expression in the Heart of Rats and Mice during Stress

Abstract: Recently we have described the existence of phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNA in the heart of adult rats. In this study, we report the first data on distribution of the PNMT protein in rat hearts, which follows the distribution of PNMT mRNA (high levels in the atria and low levels in ventricles). The main aim of this study was to determine the localization of the PNMT mRNA in the heart and to examine whether gene expression of this enzyme is affected by immobilization (IMO) stress in a time‐dependent manner. PNMT mRNA levels were detected in all seven studied parts of the heart (atria without and with intramural ganglion cells, ventricles, and septum), with the highest levels in the left atrium and its ganglionic part. Both Southern blot and sequencing verified the specificity of PNMT detected by RT‐PCR. Single IMO for 2‐h increased gene expression of PNMT, as determined by both RT‐PCR and Real‐Time PCR in the right and left atria. Surprisingly, the ganglionic parts of the atria did not respond to stress stimulation. Peak levels of PNMT mRNA were found in the 3‐h interval after the IMO terminated, and also 24 h after the first or sixth IMO. Expression of aromatic L‐amino acids decarboxylase and dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase has also been detected in the heart of control and stressed rats. In the atria, the effect of stress is clearly modulated by glucocorticoids, since in mice with corticotrophin‐releasing hormone knocked out gene the immobilization‐induced increase in the PNMT mRNA levels seen in wild‐type animals was abolished. Thus, our data have shown that gene expression of the PNMT is localized, not predominantly in cardiac ganglion cells, but in a wide range in atrial cardiomyocytes. Mechanism responsible for the regulation of stress‐induced increase of PNMT gene expression in cardiac atria is clearly dependent on the presence of glucocorticoids.
Guidelines for noninvasive vascular laboratory testing: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology

Accompanying the rapid growth of interest in percutaneous vascular interventions, there has been increasing interest among cardiologists in performing noninvasive vascular testing using ultrasound. In an attempt to provide recommendations on the best practices in vascular laboratory testing, this report has been prepared by a writing group from the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and the Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology. The document summarizes principles integral to vascular duplex ultrasound--including color Doppler, spectral Doppler waveform analysis, power Doppler, and the use of contrast. Appropriate indications and interpretation of carotid artery, renal artery, abdominal aorta, and peripheral artery ultrasound imaging are described. A dedicated section summarizes noninvasive techniques for physiologic vascular testing of the lower extremity arteries--including measurement of segmental pressures and pulse volume plethysmography. The use of exercise testing in the evaluation of peripheral artery disease, ultrasound evaluation of the lower extremities after percutaneous revascularization, and the diagnosis and management of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm (PSA) is also discussed. A section on the important topic of vascular laboratory accreditation is included. Finally, additional details regarding proper technique for performance of the various vascular tests and procedures are included in the Appendix.
Tweet Location Detection

Mapping Twitter conversations on maps over time has become a popular way of visualising conversations around events on Twitter. Large events have been the subject of most of these types of visualisations, where the rate of geo-tagged tweets is high enough to make interesting visualisations over the selected time period. However, in the case of smaller events, or smaller countries where the frequency of tweets generated for events is lower, we are naturally faced with a low number of geo-tagged tweets, which makes it uninteresting to use these data for mapping and visualisations. This paper demonstrates application of Twiloc a tweet location detection system for mapping the conversation around an EU Qualifiers match between Ireland and Scotland. The paper further presents a small comparison between the results obtained from Twiloc and CartoDB Twitter Maps for Dublin Marathon tweet dataset. Twiloc uses various features for determining the location of every single tweet it receives, resulting in a significantly higher rate of tweets with associated location information, and hence enables tweet location analysis and visualisation for smaller events.
Narrow‐ and regular‐diameter implants in the posterior region of the jaws to support single crowns: A 3‐year split‐mouth randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVES The objective of this 3-year split-mouth randomized controlled clinical study was to compare narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) to regular-diameter implants (RDIs) in the posterior region of the jaws (premolars and molars) in regards to (i) the marginal bone level (MBL) and (ii) implant and prosthesis survival and success rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 22 patients were included in the study. Each patient received at least one implant of each diameter (Ø3.3 and Ø4.1 mm), placed either in the maxilla or mandible to support single crowns. A total 44 implants (22 NDIs and 22 RDIs) were placed and included in the study. Twenty-one implants were placed in the premolar, whereas 23 were placed in molar areas. Radiographic evaluations to access the MBL were performed immediately after implant placement, 1 and 3 years after implant loading. Peri-implant clinical variables including probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BoP) were obtained after crown delivery, 1 and 3 years after loading. Furthermore, the survival and success rates of the implants and prosthesis were also evaluated. RESULTS Twenty patients were able to complete the study. There was no statistically significant difference regarding MBL between groups at implant placement (p = .084), 1-year (p = .794) and 3-year (p = .598) time intervals. The mean peri-implant bone loss at 3-year follow-up was -0.58 ± 0.39 mm (95% CI: -0.751 to -0.409) and -0.53 ± 0.46 mm (95% CI: -0.731 to -0.329) for NDIs and RDIs, respectively. BoP was present at 15% and 10% of NDIs and RDIs, respectively, at 3-year follow-up. PPD >5 mm was observed in 5% and 0% of the implants of NDIs and RDIs, respectively, at 3-year follow-up. At the 3-year examination, the implant success rates were in the NDIs and RDIs sites, respectively, 95% and 100%. The corresponding values for prosthesis success rates were 90% for NDIs and 95% for RDIs. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that NDIs placed to support single crowns in the posterior region did not differ to RDIs in regards to MBL, implant survival, and success rates.
Raman Spectroscopy as the Method of Detection for Constructing a Binary Liquid–Vapor Phase Diagram

The physical chemistry laboratory is sometimes constrained to one semester, resulting in pedagogical deficiencies for the students taking the course. The use of a multidimensional laboratory exercise offers students the opportunity to encounter multiple experimental techniques and physical chemistry concepts while not sacrificing a significant amount of time. Here, we show that the classic binary liquid–vapor phase diagram experiment can be modified to incorporate both molecular spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. Using Raman spectroscopy as a means of detection and quantum chemistry to investigate the resulting vibrational spectra, students can explore three important subject areas in one laboratory exercise.
Reynolds number dependence of isotropic Navier-Stokes turbulence.

Reynolds number dependence of turbulence energy spectra and higher-order moments of velocity differences is explored by means of numerical integrations of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. The simulations have spatial resolutions up to 512[sup 3] and cover the range 15[le][ital R][sub [lambda]][le]200, where [ital R][sub [lambda]] is the Taylor microscale Reynolds number. Over this range, the energy spectra collapse when scaled by the wave number [ital k][sub [ital p]] of peak dissipation and also by the spectrum level at [ital k][sub [ital p]]. It is found that [ital k][sub [ital p]] varies with [ital R][sub [lambda]] in accord with the 1941 Kolmogorov theory. High-order normalized moments of velocity differences over inertial-range distances exhibit an [ital R][sub [lambda]]-independent variation with separation distance. Implications of these observations are discussed.
Expression and characterization of the human c-myc DNA-binding protein

In an effort to study in detail the nature of the protein product of the human protooncogene c-myc, we have expressed the gene at high levels in Escherichia coli. The c-myc coding region was taken from a full-length cDNA clone and inserted into a vector designed to express foreign gene products efficiently in E. coli. Pulse-labeling experiments indicated that the rate of expression of c-myc in this thermoinducible expression system is very efficient. The product was relatively stable and accumulated to approximately 10% of total cellular protein. A purification protocol was devised which allowed the c-myc protein to be readily purified in quantities sufficient for detailed biochemical and physical analyses. A high-titer polyclonal antiserum was raised against the pure protein and shown to immunoprecipitate the p110gag-myc fusion protein of MC-29-infected quail cells. This antiserum also selectively detects a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 64,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis from a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. We conclude that this 64-kilodalton protein is the human c-myc gene product since the E. coli-made protein exhibits an equivalent molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, even though its calculated molecular weight is 49,000. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the bacterially made human c-myc protein is a DNA-binding protein and that it exhibits a high nonspecific affinity for double-stranded DNA.