Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of orbital debris impacts on bumper shields

A series of numerical simulations have been performed using CTH to predict secondary debris formation and rear structure damage for typical bumper shields under a variety of impact geometries The simulations span a range of velocities from {approximately}3 to 12 km/s and are compared to the experiment data for the lower velocities (3 to 7 km/s). For one velocity ({approximately}7 km/s), CTH was used to demonstrate the effects of bumper thickness on secondary debris formation and rear structure damage. CTH was also used to stimulate a 12 km/s impact of a sphere on a simple Whipple bumper shield and this result will be compared to analytic damage predictions at that velocity. It has been found that CTH accurately predicts secondary debris propagation and rear damage for velocities throughout the experimentally accessible range. The CTH damage predictions at 12 km/s result in a higher ballistic limit than would be predicted from the analytic techniques.
The Effectiveness of Utilising Modern Artificial Intelligence Techniques and Initiatives to Combat COVID-19 in South Korea: A Narrative Review

All nations are facing significant challenges and difficulties in the face of an intense pandemic that controls human life, and many things have changed in life, which led to the doubling of the global economy and the difficulty of life for many of the world's inhabitants. At present, the nations are seeking to control the spread of the epidemic in them, as every country uses plans to prevent this pandemic. This article presents South Korea's experience in employing modern artificial intelligence techniques in facing COVID-19. Besides, the use of artificial intelligence techniques and their great role in analysing images of people with COVID-19 disease are discussed, and how they are used to save many lives of the victims. The data obtained in this article is from a group of studies, social networking sites, and news on TV channels in the first period of 2020, which are collected and summarised in this article. This study summarises the role of South Korea in facing the pandemic through the application of artificial intelligence techniques to detect the disease, tracking the injured through GPS and how an intelligent quarantine is established, diagnosing and examining the damaged remotely, applying an electronic platform to publish information about how to avoid infection and the use of robots to assist diagnose disease and use drones for sterilisation purposes.
National Holidays and Social Mobility Behaviors: Alternatives for Forecasting COVID-19 Deaths in Brazil

In this paper, we investigate the influence of holidays and community mobility on the transmission rate and death count of COVID-19 in Brazil. We identify national holidays and hallmark holidays to assess their effect on disease reports of confirmed cases and deaths. First, we use a one-variate model with the number of infected people as input data to forecast the number of deaths. This simple model is compared with a more robust deep learning multi-variate model that uses mobility and transmission rates (R0, Re) from a SEIRD model as input data. A principal components model of community mobility, generated by the principal component analysis (PCA) method, is added to improve the input features for the multi-variate model. The deep learning model architecture is an LSTM stacked layer combined with a dense layer to regress daily deaths caused by COVID-19. The multi-variate model incremented with engineered input features can enhance the forecast performance by up to 18.99% compared to the standard one-variate data-driven model.
ECUT ENERGY DATA REFERENCE SERIES: OTTO CYCLE ENGINES IN TRANSPORTATION

Information that describes the use of the Otto cycle engines in transportation is summarized. The transportation modes discussed in this report include the following: automobiles, light trucks, heavy trucks, marine, recreational vehicles, motorcycles, buses, aircraft, and snowmobiles. These modes account for nearly 100% of the gasoline and LPG consumed in transportation engines. The information provided on each of these modes includes descriptions of the average energy conversion efficiency of the engine, the capital stock, the amount of energy used, and the activity level as measured in ton-miles. Estimates are provided for the years 1980 and 2000. (ERA citation 09:037872)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) Transcriptional Regulation, Latency and Therapy in the Central Nervous System

The central nervous system (CNS) is highly compartmentalized and serves as a specific site of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Therefore, an understanding of the cellular populations that are infected by HIV or that harbor latent HIV proviruses is imperative in the attempts to address cure strategies, taking into account that HIV infection and latency in the CNS may differ considerably from those in the periphery. HIV replication in the CNS is reported to persist despite prolonged combination antiretroviral therapy due to the inability of the current antiretroviral drugs to penetrate and cross the blood–brain barrier. Consequently, as a result of sustained HIV replication in the CNS even in the face of combination antiretroviral therapy, there is a high incidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). This article, therefore, provides a comprehensive review of HIV transcriptional regulation, latency, and therapy in the CNS.
Coinfection of Cotton Plants with Watermelon Mosaic Virus and a Novel Polerovirus in China

Cotton is the most important fiber crop worldwide. To determine the presence of viruses in cotton plants showing leaf roll and vein yellowing symptoms in Henan Province of China, a small RNA-based deep sequencing approach was performed. Analysis of the de novo-assembled contigs followed by reverse transcription PCR allowed the reconstruction of watermelon mosaic virus and an unknown virus. The genome of the unknown virus was determined to be 5870 nucleotides in length, and has a genomic organization with characteristic features of previously reported poleroviruses. Sequence analysis revealed that the virus was closely related to, but significantly different from, cotton leafroll dwarf virus, a polerovirus of the family Solemoviridae. This virus had less than 90% amino acid sequence identity in the products of both ORF0 and ORF1. According to the polerovirus species demarcation criteria set by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, this virus should be assigned to a new polerovirus species, for which we propose the name “cotton leaf roll virus”.
WEBVR VS. PICTURES OF PRODUCTS IN E-COMMERCE: EFFECTS ON TRUST, PERCEIVED EASE OF USE, PERCEIVED USEFULNESS, AND INTENTION TO USE

Technologies around augmented and virtual reality are advancing, and adoption is gaining momentum because of falling hardware costs. This paper provides insights into the use of online interactive 3D product representations as opposed to static pictures. An online experiment is conducted to examine effects on trust, intention to use, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. A treatment group is exposed to a 3D interactive representation whereas the control group is presented with static pictures. The findings of this research observe higher levels of trust, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use. These aspects tend to positively affect desired consumer behavior and are thus relevant for e-shopping vendors. The use of interactive 3D representation in e-commerce is beneficial, and thus, e-commerce vendors seeking to build trust and profit from the positive effect this may have on purchase intention are advised to use interactive 3D product representations online and strongly consider WebVR technology to implement such representations.
Mobile Robot navigation using an Multi-resolution Electrostatic Potential Filed

: This paper proposes a multi-resolution electrostatic potential ﬁeld (MREPF) based solution to the mobile robot path planning and collision avoidance problem in 2D dynamic environment. The MREPF is an eﬃcient method in calculation time and updating ﬁeld map. The large scale resolution map is added to EPF and this resolution map interacts with the small scale resolution map to ﬁnd an optimal solution in real time. This approach can be interpreted with Atlantis model. The simulation studies show the eﬃciency of the proposed algorithm.
Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the Optimization of Chromium(III) Synergistic Extraction by Supported Liquid Membrane

In this paper, the response surface methodology (RSM) was proposed for studying the synergistic extraction of chromium(III) ions by double-carrier supported liquid membrane (DCSLM) with organophosphorus carriers (D2EHPA/Cyanex272). At first, the optimization method of “one-factor-at-a-time” was adopted for determination of the best conditions for Cr(III) extraction by SLM with only one carrier (D2EHPA). The optimum/threshold D2EHPA concentration in the membrane phase increased linearly with initial concentration of Cr(III) ions in the feed phase. After the addition the second carrier (Cyanex272), the synergistic effect was observed. The largest percentage of extraction and the shorter time was obtained. The optimization of the synergistic extraction in DCSLM system by RSM using Box–Behnken design (BBD) for three variables (concentration and proportions of the carriers, initial concentration of Cr(III), and time of the process) was studied. The statistical model was verified with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the response surface quadratic model. The reduced quadratic model showed that the predicted values were in agreement with those obtained experimentally, as well as the fact that the concentrations and proportions of the carriers had a significant influence on the response. The developed model was considered to be verified and can be used to predict the optimal condition for the chromium ions extraction.
Demosponges from Ascension Island with a description of nine new species

Abstract We surveyed the shallow-water sponges of Ascension Island using scuba diving. In total, we collected 58 sponge specimens from 17 locations at depths of 0.5–30 m. In addition, we compiled historical records of sponges. We describe nine species new to science: Niphates verityae sp. nov., Petrosia (Petrosia) ernesti sp. nov., Monanchora downesae sp. nov., Svenzea weberorum sp. nov., Erylus williamsae sp. nov., Ircinia nolanae sp. nov., Ircinia richardsoni sp. nov., Ircinia simae sp. nov. and Chondrosia browningorum sp. nov. We provide molecular sequences for three of the new species. We have added 50% to the number of known species and added two new genera and one family to the known Ascension Island sponge fauna. Twenty-six species, from 16 genera, and 13 families, are now reported from Ascension's shallow waters. Many of these may be endemic to the island. We discuss the biogeographic affinities of Ascension Island and emphasize the need for additional survey of the sponge fauna of remote islands such as Ascension.
Southern Baffin Island mean annual precipitation isotopes modulated by summer and autumn moisture source changes during the past 5800 years

Paleo water isotope records can elucidate how the Arctic water cycle responded to past climate changes. We analyze the hydrogen isotope composition (δ2H) of plant‐derived n‐alkanoic acids (waxes) from Lake Qaupat, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, to assess moisture sources and seasonality during the past 5.8 ka. We compare this record to a sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA)‐inferred vascular plant record from the same lake, aiming to overcome the uncertainty of plant community impacts on leaf waxes. As the sedaDNA record reveals a stable plant community after the colonization of Betula sp. at 6.1 ka, we interpret plant wax δ2H values to reflect climate, specifically mean annual precipitation δ2H. However, the distributions of n‐alkanoic acid homologs suggest that aquatic mosses, which are not represented in the sedaDNA record, may become more abundant towards the present. Therefore, we cannot exclude the possibility that changes in the plant community cause changes in the plant wax δ2H record, particularly long‐chain waxes, which become less abundant through this record. We find that Lake Qaupat mid‐chain plant wax δ2H is enriched coincident with high Labrador Sea summer surface temperature, which suggests that local moisture sources in summer and early autumn have the greatest impact on precipitation isotopes in this region.
Ultra-wideband Positioning Systems: Theoretical Limits, Ranging Algorithms, and Protocols

Position estimation of wireless devices has many applications in short-range networks. Ultra-wideband (UWB) signals provide accurate positioning capabilities that can be harnessed in wireless systems to realize these applications. This title provides detailed coverage of UWB positioning systems, offering comprehensive treatment of signal and receiver design for ranging, range estimation techniques, theoretical performance bounds, ranging algorithms and protocols. Beginning with a discussion of the potential applications of wireless positioning, and investigating UWB signals for such applications, later chapters establish a signal processing framework for analyzing UWB positioning and ranging systems. The recent IEEE 802.15. 4a standard related to UWB is also studied in detail. Each chapter contains examples, problems and Matlab scripts to help readers grasp key concepts. This is an ideal text for graduate students and researchers in electrical and computer engineering, and practitioners in the communications industry, particularly those in wireless communications.
A Non-Time-Progressive Partial Tracking Algorithm for Sinusoidal Modeling

ABSTRACT In this paper we propose a new sinusoidal model tracking algorithm that implements a non-time-progressive way of data processing. Sinusoidal partial parameters are estimated in the consecutive frames; however, the order of establishing individual connections between partials is determined by a greedy rule within the whole signal or within a specific time window. In this way, the strongest connections may be determined early, and subsequent predictions of each trajectory evolution are based on a more reliable partial evolution history, compared to a traditional progressive scheme. As a consequence, the proposed non-progressive tracking algorithm offers a statistically significant improvement of obtained trajectories in terms of better classic pattern recognition measures. 1. INTRODUCTION Sinusoidal models and hybrid sinusoidal+noise models are well-established family of signal representations for applications such as speech and audio analysis, time and pitch scaling, enhancement, restoration, source separation, automatic recognition, watermarking, compression, and synthesis. This kind of modeling usually consists of detection and estimation of sinusoidal partials in consecutive frames of signal samples, followed by partial tracking along those frames. While the tasks of detection and estimation are well handled by fast and fairly accurate methods, the stage of tracking still remains the most challenging problem of sinusoidal modeling [1-6]. In this paper, we propose a new general strategy of tracking that may be used within the context of many tracking algorithms from a broad range that employ any form of prediction. The basic idea is to replace the usual scheme of estimating trajectories in a progressive (frame by frame) manner by a scheme that iteratively considers the best matching connections in the whole time span, and attempts to extend each existing
Micro‐Perforated Panels – Assessing the Sound Absorption

Nowadays micro‐perforated panels (MPP) are continuously gaining interest in terms of the efficient design, simulation and the acoustic energy absorption capacity. The MPP construction and functionality is based on the Helmholtz resonator. The present article presents and discusses a couple sets of MPPs made of plastic and wood of different design. The analyzed MPP samples have different geometrical parameters such as the microperforation diameter, the panel thickness and the distance between holes. The MPP structure is coupled with sound‐absorbing materials of different thicknesses which are partially or completely filling the air between the perforated plate and the backing rigid surface. A series of measurements performed by using the impedance tube, in order to determine the sound absorption coefficient are mentioned. The mathematical modeling approaches are presented with references to the Maa theory and experimental models like the one developed by Delany and Bazley. The coupling effort for design, mathematical modelling and experimental validation will ends into conclusions and preferred absorbing structure proposals for the highest sound absorption effciency and for the widest frequency band. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical derivation and clinical dose-response quantification of a unified multi-activation (UMA) model of cell survival from a logistic equation

Objective: To theoretically derive a unified multiactivation (UMA) model of cell survival after ionising radiation that can accurately assess doses and responses in radiotherapy and X-ray imaging. Methods: A unified formula with only two parameters in fitting of a cell survival curve (CSC) is first derived from an assumption that radiation-activated cell death pathways compose the first- and second-order reaction kinetics. A logit linear regression of CSC data is used for precise determination of the two model parameters. Intrinsic radiosensitivity, biologically effective dose (BED), equivalent dose to the traditional 2 Gy fractions (EQD2), tumour control probability, normal-tissue complication probability, BED50 and steepness (Γ50) at 50% of tumour control probability (or normal-tissue complication probability) are analytical functions of the model and treatment (or imaging) parameters. Results: The UMA model has almost perfectly fit typical CSCs over the entire dose range with R2≥0.99. Estimated quantities for stereotactic body radiotherapy of early stage lung cancer and the skin reactions from X-ray imaging agree with clinical results. Conclusion: The proposed UMA model has theoretically resolved the catastrophes of the zero slope at zero dose for multiple target model and the bending curve at high dose for the linear quadratic model. More importantly, it analytically predicts dose–responses to various dose–fraction schemes in radiotherapy and to low dose X-ray imaging based on these preclinical CSCs. Advances in knowledge: The discovery of a unified formula of CSC over the entire dose range may reveal a common mechanism of the first- and second-order reaction kinetics among multiple CD pathways activated by ionising radiation at various dose levels.
Immunological Targets of Biologic Drugs in Allergic Skin Diseases in Children

Atopic dermatitis and urticaria are two invalidating skin disorders that are very common in children. Recent advances in the understanding of their specific intracellular molecular pathways have permitted the development of precise biological molecules, targeting inflammatory mediators and arresting the pathogenetic pathways of skin diseases. Many biologics with promising results have been studied, although few are currently approved in children. In this review, we aim to provide the latest evidence about the use, indications, efficacy and safety of biologic therapies to treat atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria in children and adolescents.
Orientation-dependent electrostatic interaction between inverse patchy colloids

ABSTRACT An inverse patchy colloid (IPC) refers to a particle having patches that are mutually repulsive while the bare particle–patch interactions are attractive. We model a system of charged IPCs with a single patch using Debye-Hückel theory. We derive the full analytical expression for the effective interaction energy for a pair of IPCs as a function of inter-particle separation and particle orientations. The model is applicable for various patch coverage, ionic strengths and dielectric permittivity of the medium. Approximate solutions are derived under high screening limit and the results are compared with the full solution. The model can be used in molecular simulations such as Monte Carlo simulations to accurately describe the interaction between a pair of IPCs for a given experimental conditions.
Intelligent Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Scaled Ramanujan Filter Banks in Noisy Environments

Bearing fault diagnosis plays an essential role in the maintenance of rotating machines in industries. Challenges in developing an effective and robust bearing fault diagnosis method include the complexity of vibration data and the external interference caused by the data collection. This study develops an intelligent data-driven method for bearing fault diagnosis in noisy environments, consisting of the feature transformation of vibration data and fault recognition based on transformed features. First, an extension of the Ramanujan filter banks (RFBs) method, scaled-RFB, is introduced to suppress the noises and convert original sequential vibration data into representative RGB images. Next, a strip convolutional neural network (strip-CNN) is developed with strip convolution to recognize the health condition of bearings based on the obtained RGB images. Two vibration datasets collected from Soochow University and a public data source are utilized to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method individually. Six levels of Gaussian noises are separately added into the two datasets to further demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in noisy environments. Compared with six benchmarking methods, the proposed method can achieve the best performance on bearing fault diagnosis in most scenarios and shows promising performance on datasets with a higher noise level. The average Precision, Recall, and ${F}1$ scores of the proposed method on both datasets are at least 51.79%, 52.49%, and 52.47% higher than that of benchmarking methods respectively when the signal-noise ratio (SNR) is −10 dB.