Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the frequency of normal to mildly increased albuminuria, in patients with type 2 diabetes with CKD referred to clinics of Ahwaz teaching Hospitals in the years 2014–2020

Study – Data Collection, Statistical – Data Interpretation, – Background. Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of impaired renal function and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dia betic patients. Objectives. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of normal to mildly increased albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with chronic kidney disease. Material and methods. This retrospective study was performed on 310 patients diagnosed with T2DM and renal insufficiency (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) referred to Ahvaz hospitals between 2014–2020. Demographic and clinical data, as well as laboratory param -eters, were extracted from patients’ medical records. After considering the inclusion criteria (adult diabetic patients with renal failure (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) and exclusion criteria (patients with hypertension, cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease), urinary tract infection, anatomical disorders of the urinary tract, kidney stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia, history of diuretic use, nephrotoxic drugs such as ACEI, ARB, NSAIDs, physiological causes of albuminuria such as prolonged standing and exercise, systematic disease (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus) and dialysis patients), in terms of age, gender and duration of diabetes and lipid profile and retinopathy and neuropathy and HbA 1C , patients were divided into three groups based on the severity of albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio): normal to mildly increased albuminuria (ACR < 30 mg/g), moderately increased (ACR: 30–300 mg/g) and severely increased (ACR > 300 mg/g). Results. T2DM patients with a mean age of ± 9.5 years, including 164 women (52.9%) and 146 men (47.1%), par ticipated in the study, of which 4 patients (1.3%) had normal albuminuria, 76 patients (24.5%) had mildly increased albuminuria, 142 patients (45.8%) had moderately increased albuminuria, and 88 patients (28.4%) had severely increased albuminuria. Individuals with normal to mildly increased albuminuria compared with moderate to severe albuminuria had lower duration of diabetes, age, creati -nine, retinopathy, neuropathy, HbA 1c , LDL, Tchol ( p < 0.001), higher GFR ( p < 0.001) and lower TG ( p = 0.003), while HDL-c ( p = 0.07) and patients’ gender ( p = 0.2) were not significantly different. Examination of the odds ratio (OR) showed that retinopathy, high age and high HbA 1c levels had the greatest effect on the development of moderate to severe albuminuria, whereas increased GFR and a small increase in LDL had a preventive effect on moderate to severe albuminuria. with diabetes and renal insufficiency had normal to mildly increased albuminuria. This can limit the role of microalbuminuria as a screening tool to detect the onset of diabetic nephropathy.
Noncovariant gauge fixing in the quantum Dirac field theory of atoms and molecules

Starting from the Weyl gauge formulation of quantum electrodynamics (QED), the formalism of quantum-mechanical gauge fixing is extended using techniques from nonrelativistic QED. This involves expressing the redundant gauge degrees of freedom through an arbitrary functional of the gauge-invariant transverse degrees of freedom. Particular choices of functional can be made to yield the Coulomb gauge and Poincar\'e gauge representations. The Hamiltonian we derive therefore serves as a good starting point for the description of atoms and molecules by means of a relativistic Dirac field. We discuss important implications for the ontology of noncovariant canonical QED due to the gauge freedom that remains present in our formulation.
Chitinase (CHI) of Spodoptera frugiperda affects molting development by regulating the metabolism of chitin and trehalose

Chitin is the main component of insect exoskeleton and midgut peritrophic membrane. Insect molting is the result of the balance and coordination of chitin synthesis and degradation in chitin metabolism under the action of hormones. In this study, a 678 bp dsRNA fragment was designed and synthesized according to the known CHI (Chitinase) sequence of Spodoptera frugiperda. It was injected into the larvae to observe the molting and development of S. frugiperda. At the same time, the activities of trehalase and chitinase, the contents of trehalose, chitin and other substances were detected, and the expression of related genes in the chitin synthesis pathway was determined. The results showed that CHI gene was highly expressed at the end of each instar, prepupa and pupal stage before molting; At 12 and 24 h after dsRNA injection of CHI gene of S. frugiperda, the expression of CHI gene decreased significantly, and the chitinase activity decreased significantly from 12 to 48 h. The expression of chitin synthase (CHSB) gene decreased significantly, and the chitin content increased significantly. Some larvae could not molt normally and complete development, leading to certain mortality. Secondly, after RNAi of CHI gene, the content of glucose and glycogen increased first and then decreased, while the content of trehalose decreased significantly or showed a downward trend. The activities of the two types of trehalase and the expression levels of trehalase genes decreased first and then increased, especially the trehalase activities increased significantly at 48 h after dsCHI injection. And trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS), glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylases (UAP), hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) and phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (PAGM) all decreased significantly at 24 h, and then increased or significantly increased at 48 h. These results indicated that when the expression of chitinase gene of S. frugiperda was inhibited, it affected the degradation of chitin in the old epidermis and the formation of new epidermis, and the content of chitin increased, which led to the failure of larvae to molt normally. Moreover, the chitin synthesis pathway and trehalose metabolism were also regulated. The relevant results provide a theoretical basis for screening target genes and developing green insecticides to control pests by using the chitin metabolism pathway.
Workplace Stigmatism: The voices of mothers with disabled children

This qualitative study highlights the kinds of workplace stigma confronted by mothers of disabled children. It explores the forms of stigma that may be subtle yet could be detrimental to the mothers. This study also demonstrates how mothers are affected by and respond to workplace stigma. Five Malaysian mothers representing a variety of work structures and situations were engaged in the in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Text analysis reveals clear evidence that mothers are subjected to stigmatising treatments, consequently playing a significant role in their workplace engagement, career aspirations, and confidence. Keywords: Workplace, Stigma, Mothers, Disabled Children eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21. 3689
Reaction kinetics of Components of Ex-Situ Slow Pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis Residue with Silica-alumina Catalyst Through 5-Lump Model

- Pyrolysis Spirulina platensis residue (SPR) processing/produces tar, char, and gas products. Tar upgrading with a catalyst is carried out to reduce the oxygenate content in the tar. The reaction kinetics of oxygenate compounds in tar to form aliphatic, aromatic, oxygenate, and coke and gas compounds must be calculated. The calculation determines the reaction rate constant (k) and activation energy (E) value. This paper discusses the catalytic kinetic components of ex-situ slow pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis residue with silica-alumina via a 5-lump model. Values of k and E can predict the predominance of product compound formation tendencies and are required for industrial design. A fixed-bed reactor with a silica-alumina catalyst operates with a temperature range of 300–600°C, the thickness of the catalyst in the reactor R2 is 0–4.5 cm, and the heating rate is 5–35°C/min. The reactor consists of two (2) vertical cylinders, reactor R1 contains the SPR, and reactor R2 is filled with the catalyst. Based on experimental data, the decomposition of oxygenating products into aliphatic products is more dominant than the decomposition of aliphatic and aromatic compounds into other products. The dominance of aliphatic formation is indicated by the lowest activation energy value (0.07 kJ/mol) occurring in the k 6 reaction (11.779-11.835 sec. -1 ), i.e., the oxygenate product becomes aliphatic. The lowest E value indicates oxygenate compounds are more easily decomposed than aromatic and aliphatic compounds. The product oxygenates, aliphatic, aromatic, coke, and gas compounds increased with increasing catalyst thickness; on the other hand, the pyrolysis feed oxygenate compound decreased sharply.
High-Dimensional Nonlinear Spatio-Temporal Filtering by Compressing Hierarchical Sparse Cholesky Factors

Spatio-temporal filtering is a common and challenging task in many environmental applications, where the evolution is often nonlinear and the dimension of the spatial state may be very high. We propose a scalable filtering approach based on a hierarchical sparse Cholesky representation of the filtering covariance matrix. At each time point, we compress the sparse Cholesky factor into a dense matrix with a small number of columns. After applying the evolution to each of these columns, we decompress to obtain a hierarchical sparse Cholesky factor of the forecast covariance, which can then be updated based on newly available data. We illustrate the Cholesky evolution via an equivalent representation in terms of spatial basis functions. We also demonstrate the advantage of our method in numerical comparisons, including using a high-dimensional and nonlinear Lorenz model.
Multi-Mode Silicon Waveguides at Long Infrared Wavelengths

As part of a future optical platform, an on-chip multi-mode silicon waveguide for the long infrared wavelength range is designed, fabricated and investigated. The waveguide is coupled to a laser source and a detector using optical fibers together with optical couplers on the chip. In the range 9 μm to 9.4 μm a propagation loss of 18.7 dB/cm of the waveguide was measured.
Waves and Fields in Inhomogeneous Media

Preface. Acknowledgements. 1: Preliminary background. 2: Planarly layered media. 3: Cylindrically and spherically layered media. 4: Transients. 5: Variational methods. 6: Mode matching method. 7: Dyadic Green's functions. 8: Integral equations. 9: Inverse scattering problems. Appendixes A, B, C, & D. Index
Newly identified star clusters in M33 – III. Structural parameters

We present the morphological properties of 161 star clusters in M33 using the Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field Channel on-board the Hubble Space Telescope using observations with the F606W and F814W filters. We obtain, for the first time, ellipticities, position angles and surface brightness profiles for a significant number of clusters. On average, M33 clusters are more flattened than those of the Milky Way (MW) and M31, and more similar to clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The ellipticities do not show any correlation with age or mass, suggesting that rotation is not the main cause of elongation in the M33 clusters. The position angles of the clusters show a bimodality with a strong peak perpendicular to the position angle of the galaxy major axis. These results support the notion that tidal forces are the reason for the cluster flattening. We fit King and Elson–Freeman–Fall (EFF) models to the surface brightness profiles and derive structural parameters including core radii, concentration, half-light radii and central surface brightness for both filters. The surface brightness profiles of a significant number of clusters show irregularities such as bumps and dips. Young clusters (log age < 8) are notably better fitted by models with no radial truncation (EFF models), while older clusters show no significant differences between King and EFF fits. M33 star clusters seem to have smaller sizes, smaller concentrations and smaller central surface brightness as compared to clusters in the MW, M31, Large Magellanic Cloud and SMC. Analysis of the structural parameters presents an age–radius relation also detected in other star cluster systems. The overall analysis shows differences in the structural evolution between the M33 cluster system and cluster systems in nearby galaxies. These differences could have been caused by the strong differences in these various environments.
On a Covering Surface over an Abstract Riemann Surface

1. Let be an abstract Riemann surface in the sense of Weyl-Radó, and an open covering surface over . If a curve C = {P(t);0≦t<1} on tends to the ideal boundary of but its projection terminates at an inner point of as t→1, we shall say that C determines an accessible boundary point (which will be abbreviated by A.B.P.) of relatively to . The set of all the A.B. P.S of relative to will be called accessible boundary (relative to ) and denoted by 3i() or by (, ). Throughout in this paper () will be supposed to be non-empty.
Variants of kinetically modified non-minimal Higgs inflation in supergravity

We consider models of chaotic inflation driven by the real parts of a conjugate pair of Higgs superfields involved in the spontaneous breaking of a grand unification symmetry at a scale assuming its Supersymmetric (SUSY) value. Employing Kähler potentials with a prominent shift-symmetric part proportional to c− and a tiny violation, proportional to c+, included in a logarithm we show that the inflationary observables provide an excellent match to the recent Planck and BICAP2/Keck Array results setting, e.g., 6.4 · 10−3 ≲ r± = c+/c− ≲ 1/N where N = 2 or 3 is the prefactor of the logarithm. Deviations of these prefactors from their integer values above are also explored and a region where hilltop inflation occurs is localized. Moreover, we analyze two distinct possible stabilization mechanisms for the non-inflaton accompanying superfield, one tied to higher order terms and one with just quadratic terms within the argument of a logarithm with positive prefactor NS < 6. In all cases, inflation can be attained for subplanckian inflaton values with the corresponding effective theories retaining the perturbative unitarity up to the Planck scale.
Modularity measure of networks with overlapping communities

In this paper we introduce a non-fuzzy measure which has been designed to rank the partitions of a network's nodes into overlapping communities. Such a measure can be useful for both quantifying clusters detected by various methods and during finding the overlapping community structure by optimization methods. The theoretical problem referring to the separation of overlapping modules is discussed, and an example for possible applications is given as well.
Does authentic leadership influences performance of individuals in presence of trust and leader member exchange: an evidence from health care sector

Abstract Authentic leadership is attracting the researcher’s interest since last decade. For the first time, this research examines the employee-centered aspect of authentic leadership, trust, leader member exchange (LMX) and individual performance with sequential mediation approach. Data were collected from 320 employees working in hospitals/health sector of Pakistan. Findings of the current study confirm significant and positive effect of the authentic leadership with individual performance connected both directly and indirectly through mediating effect of trust and LMX. Further, it is also revealed that authentic leadership creates trustworthy environment among the followers that enhances employee LMX and subsequently improves their job performance. This research delivers novel results of the sequential mediating effects of constructs from one aspect and from other aspect it has integrated four important variables in one model. Theoretical and practical implications along with future recommendations are presented at the end too.
Pattern recognition-based Method for Radar anti-deceptive Jamming

In order to make the effective ECCM to the deceptive jamming, especially the angle deceptive jamming, this paper establishes a signal-processing model for anti-deceptive jamming firstly, in which two feature-extracting algorithms, i.e. the statistical algorithm and the neural network (NN) algorithm are presented, then uses the REF NN as the classifier in the processing model. Finally the two algorithms are validated and compared through some simulations.
Stable ‘antiferromagnetic’ vortex lattice imprinted into a type-II superconductor

In type-II superconductors, where vortices and antivortices tend to annihilate, only a ‘ferromagnetic’ vortex lattice, with the same orientation of vortex magnetic moments, is usually formed in a homogeneous external magnetic field. Using the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau formalism, we demonstrate that a checkerboard vortex–antivortex lattice (‘antiferromagnetic vortex lattice’), imprinted onto a superconducting film by a periodic array of underlying clockwise and counterclockwise microcoils generating spatially periodic positive and negative magnetic field pulses and then trapped by an array of artificial pinning centers, remains stable even after the imprinting magnetic field pulse is switched off.
The Influence of Company Size and Profitability on Audit Delay with Public Accounting Firm’s Reputation as a Moderating Variable (Empirical Study on Manufacturing Companies in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016 – 2020)

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the effect of firm size and profitability on audit delay, which is moderated by the reputation of the public accounting firm. The sample in this research is manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2016-2020 period. Samples were collected by purposive sampling method. A total of 115 samples were obtained. The data used is secondary data that comes from the company's financial statements. Hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis techniques and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate that firm size has no effect on audit delay, and profitability has a negative effect on audit delay. This study proves that Public Accounting Firm reputation cannot moderate the relationship between firm size and audit delay, but Public Accounting Firm reputation is able to moderate the relationship between profitability and audit delay.
HARD X-RAY EMISSION IN THE STAR-FORMING REGION ON 2: DISCOVERY WITH XMM-NEWTON

We obtained X-ray XMM-Newton observations of the open cluster Berkeley 87 and the massive star-forming region (SFR) ON 2. In addition, archival infrared Spitzer Space Telescope observations were used to study the morphology of ON 2, to uncover young stellar objects, and to investigate their relationship with the X-ray sources. It is likely that the SFR ON 2 and Berkeley 87 are at the same distance, 1.23 kpc, and hence are associated. The XMM-Newton observations detected X-rays from massive stars in Berkeley 87 as well as diffuse emission from the SFR ON 2. The two patches of diffuse X-ray emission are encompassed in the shell-like H ii region GAL 75.84+0.40 in the northern part of ON 2 and in the ON 2S region in the southern part of ON 2. The diffuse emission from GAL 75.84+0.40 suffers an absorption column equivalent to AV ≈ 28 mag. Its spectrum can be fitted either with a thermal plasma model at T ≳ 30 MK or by an absorbed power-law model with γ ≈ −2.6. The X-ray luminosity of GAL 75.84+0.40 is LX ≈ 6 × 1031 erg s−1. The diffuse emission from ON 2S is adjacent to the ultra-compact H ii (UCH ii) region Cygnus 2N, but does not coincide with it or with any other known UCH ii region. It has a luminosity of LX ≈ 4 × 1031 erg s−1. The spectrum can be fitted with an absorbed power-law model with γ ≈ −1.4. We adopt the view of Turner & Forbes that the SFR ON 2 is physically associated with the massive star cluster Berkeley 87 hosting the WO-type star WR 142. We discuss different explanations for the apparently diffuse X-ray emission in these SFRs. These include synchrotron radiation, invoked by the co-existence of strongly shocked stellar winds and turbulent magnetic fields in the star-forming complex, cluster wind emission, or an unresolved population of discrete sources.
The distribution of mass in the orion dwarf galaxy

Dwarf galaxies are good candidates to investigate the nature of dark matter (DM), because their kinematics are dominated by this component down to small galactocentric radii. We present here the results of detailed kinematic analysis and mass modelling of the Orion dwarf galaxy, for which we derive a high-quality and high-resolution rotation curve that contains negligible non-circular motions and we correct it for the asymmetric drift. Moreover, we leverage the proximity (D = 5.4 kpc) and convenient inclination (47°) to produce reliable mass models of this system. We find that the universal rotation curve mass model (Freeman disc + Burkert halo + gas disc) fits the observational data accurately. In contrast, the NFW halo + Freeman disc + gas disc mass model is unable to reproduce the observed rotation curve, a common outcome in dwarf galaxies. Finally, we attempt to fit the data with a modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) prescription. With the present data and with the present assumptions on distance, stellar mass, constant inclination and reliability of the gaseous mass, the MOND ‘amplification’ of the baryonic component appears to be too small to mimic the required ‘dark component’. The Orion dwarf reveals a cored DM density distribution and a possible tension between observations and the canonical MOND formalism.
Hole mobility in AlxGa1−xSb grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

The temperature dependence of the hole mobilities of AlxGa1−xSb films in the regime 0�x�0.25 has been examined by Van der Pauw–Hall measurements. The films have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on Si–GaAs substrates using TMAl, TMGa, and TMSb precursors. The mobility decreases sharply when a small amount of Al in the range 0<x<0.025 is incorporated into GaSb. The temperature dependence of mobility was analyzed using a model with contributions from various scattering mechanisms. At a low-temperature (<100 K), the mobility decreased due to a contribution from ionized-impurity scattering and in a high-temperature region (>100 K), the same effect was due to lattice phonon scattering. At 300 and 77 K, the alloy scattering is the most important mechanism in AlxGa1−xSb ternaries, however the temperature dependence of alloy scattering is less pronounced as the temperature decreases.