Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Predicting Insular Variation in Endemism and Sympatry for the Darwin Finches in the Galapagos Archipelago

For interisland variation in number of Darwin Finches in the Galapagos Archipelago, endemism is predicted by nearest-neighbor isolation; and species abundance or sympatry is predicted by average isolation. Nearest-neighbor isolation is measured by distance from the nearest island, and average isolation is the average distance to all other islands in the archipelago. The two measures of isolation are of little predictive value when tested for the avifaunas of six other archipelagos or oceanic island groupings. In these situations, area is a better predictor of species abundance or endemism; and the role of isolation appears only when measured as distance from the major avifaunal source region (e.g., New Guinea for islands of the East-central Pacific; African mainland for islands in the Gulf of Guinea). Insular isolation in these instances is, however, a relatively small contributor to variance of species number when contrasted with the greater contributions made by insular area. That numbers of insular species and endemics are respectively predicted by average and nearest-neighbor isolation, and not by area, only in the Darwin Finches demonstrates emphatically the importance of isolation in regulating endemism and species abundance (= sympatry) in the adaptive radiation of monophyletic bird groups within archipelagos. This generalization appears valid only when the intra-archipelagic speciations are mostly between islands, and not intraisland in site of origin from parental forms. It would appear to be less valid during the postspeciation, phyletic- specialization phase of radiation. It is presumed that the natural regulations of endemism and species abundance for insular avifaunas are stochastic in process. By this hypothesis, chance elements associated with isolation are of major importance early in the adaptive radiation of monophyletic bird groups, and less important later in this radiation when deterministic and chance elements associated with ecology (area, habitat, niche) predominate.
DNA structural dynamics: longitudinal breathing as a possible mechanism for the B ⇄ Z transition

Abstract The transition from B-DNA to Z-DNA not only requires a change in the helix architecture from a right-handed to a left-handed form, but also requires that all of the base pairs be flipped over. A transition mechanism is proposed in which the base pairs flip over one at a time while keeping the Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds intact. The two base pairs on either side of the pair that turns over form a kind of dynamic sandwich around it, and the flip takes place in a cavity that is formed when the distance between them is increased from about 7A in the intact helix to about 14A in the transition state. Since the transition occurs in two steps (formation of the cavity, followed by the base pair flip) and since the cavity propagates down the helix after the base pair is turned over, the mechanism accounts for the cooperativity of the B in equilibrium Z transition.
Nesting habitat requirements of two species of North African woodpeckers in native oak forest

Capsule Nests of Levaillant's Woodpecker Picus vaillantii and Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major were associated with higher densities of snags and downed wood than foraging locations. Aims To quantify the nesting requirements of two sympatric woodpecker species in Tunisian oak forests. Methods We compared habitat structure around nests and foraging locations for both woodpecker species using logistic regression. We examined evidence for preferences in nesting substrates using resource selection indices. Then, we used discriminant function analysis to identify variables separating nesting, foraging, and unused habitat of each species. Results The probability of presence of nests of both species was significantly related to densities of downed wood and snags. Nests of Levaillant's Woodpecker were located in areas with slightly higher snag densities. Habitat structure differed between nesting and foraging locations of Great Spotted, but not Levaillant's Woodpecker Conclusion Both Levaillant's and Great Spotted Woodpecker showed high requirements for large-diameter trees and snags, which provide substrates for both nesting and foraging. Nesting habitat requirements may not always be higher than those associated with foraging, but the fact that they were for the Great Spotted Woodpecker calls for caution when planning for woodpecker conservation.
Development of soil moisture measurement with wireless sensor web-based concept

Measurement of soil moisture commonly by applying the soil moisture sensors is to measure the condition of the ground around which is relatively not wide. Therefore if applied for the large-scale, repeated measurements are required in accordance with the determined point. As a result it takes time to get the whole results. With the existence of wireless sensor technology then this problem can be overcome. This wireless sensor system will create a network consisting of nodes and server. In this study the server part is a server computer that requires a web server application together with its script to display and store data, while the node part is the data reader system. In the data system reader module, the sensor device is required as the input that is SEN0114, the processor is a microcontroller, while the wireless uses Wi-Fi module that is ESP8266. Wi-Fi topology used later is infrastructure (using access points). In this research, it begins by testing the sensor and then testing the data validation between the node and the server. SEN0114 sensor has different value from the American Standard Method (ASM) that is 0.922%. While the data validation test of the measurement result is Wi-Fi ESP8266 module which has a maximum distance of 14 meters toward the access points.
Investigating day-of-the-week effect in stock returns: Evidence from Karachi stock exchange ; Pakistan

This paper investigates Day-of-the-Week Effect in stock returns in the primary equity market Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) of Pakistan by employing OLS regression approach. Data consists of daily closing prices of KSE-100 Index from January 01, 2004 to December 30, 2011. A traditional method of finding Day-of-the-Week Effect has been comprised of only one regression equation. Contrary to this plausible methodology, this paper proposes five separate models to statistically find significant effect on each trading day of the week. Non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test confirms abnormal distribution of returns. Robust Standard Error addresses heteroscedasticity of returns; proved by abnormal distribution. The tstatistics tests significance of β coefficients and One Factor ANOVA tests the hypotheses related to significant difference of mean returns. Findings conclude mixed results due to the effect of political instability on the anomaly. No effect found in Sub Period I. While, negative Monday and Positive Friday effects revealed in Sub Period II; result consistent with the findings of Fields (1931), Cross (1973), French (1980) and Haroon (2005).
Communication and Digital Content in Research Network Collaboratories

In this paper, we explore Collaboratories as a space of communication for research networks between institutions whose focus is on research, development and technological innovation (PD&I). Collaboratories are used to promote communication, increase learning, encourage collaborative construction of knowledge and share information, knowledge and technologies. We also conduct a discussion about communication as a guiding process of the relationships between the participants of the research networks in the Collaboratories. Based on a model of digital content organization, which is part of a transmedia perspective, we also identify the media and the content that can be exchanged
Modeling a Telemedicine Screening Program for Diabetic Retinopathy in Iran and Implementing a Pilot Project in Tehran Suburb

Purpose To model a community-based telescreening program for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Iran and to implement a pilot project at the Iranian Diabetes Society (IDS) branch in a Tehran suburb. Methods In this mixed model study, a web application called the “Iranian Retinopathy Teleophthalmology Screening (IRTOS)” was launched. The educational course for DR screening was established for general practitioners (GPs). Registered patients in IDS branch were recalled for fundus photography; images were transferred to the reading center via IRTOS to be graded by GPs, and patients were informed about the results via mobile messaging. All images were independently reviewed by a retina specialist as the gold standard. Patients who required further assessment were referred to an eye hospital. Results Overall, 604 subjects with diabetes were screened; of these, 50% required referral. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of any stage of DR by trained GPs were 82.8% and 86.2%, respectively, in comparison to the gold standard. The corresponding values for detecting any stage of diabetic macular edema (DME) were 63.5% and 96.6%, respectively. Conclusions Telescreening was an effective method for detecting DR in a Tehran suburb. This screening model demonstrated its capacity for promoting diabetic eye care services at the national level. However, the sensitivity for detecting DME needs to be improved by modifying the referral pathway and promoting the skill of GPs.
The zinc finger protein NRIF interacts with the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR and participates in programmed cell death

NRIF (neurotrophin receptor interacting factor) is a ubiquitously expressed zinc finger protein of the Krüppel family which interacts with the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. The interaction was first detected in yeast and then biochemically confirmed using recombinant GST–NRIF fusions and p75NTR expressed by eukaryotic cells. Transgenic mice carrying a deletion in the exon encoding the p75NTR‐binding domain of NRIF display a phenotype which is strongly dependent upon genetic background. While at the F2 generation there is only limited (20%) embryonic lethality, in a congenic BL6 strain nrif−/− mice cannot survive beyond E12, but are viable and healthy to adulthood in the Sv129 background. The involvement of NRIF in p75NTR/NGF‐mediated developmental cell death was examined in the mouse embryonic neural retina. Disruption of the nrif gene leads to a reduction in cell death which is quantitatively indistinguishable from that observed in p75NTR−/− and ngf−/− mice. These results indicate that NRIF is an intracellular p75NTR‐binding protein transducing cell death signals during development.
Declines in British-breeding populations of Afro-Palaearctic migrant birds are linked to bioclimatic wintering zone in Africa, possibly via constraints on arrival time advancement

Capsule The bioclimatic zone and habitat type within which birds winter are the most important determinants of population trends. Aims To investigate whether regional factors on wintering grounds, phenological mismatch, or habitat on breeding or wintering grounds show relationships with population changes of Afro-Palaearctic migrant birds. Methods We modelled breeding bird survey trends of 26 species of Afro-Palaearctic migrant birds that breed in Britain, and assessed the most important variables. We also investigated spatial variation in population trends within the UK. Results Bioclimatic zone and wintering habitat type were the most important determinants of population trend. After accounting for the effects of the other variables, species that spend the winter in southern Africa or the humid tropics of central and western Africa showed more negative population trends than those that winter in the arid zone. Species occupying open and woodland habitats declined and generalist species increased, on average. We also suggest that the effect of bioclimatic zone on population trends may be through constraints on the timing of migration. Conclusion Correlations between population change and both wintering area and winter habitat suggest regional changes in climate or land-use in the humid tropics are driving declines in many long-distance migrant species, possibly partly through migratory constraints.
The Organizational Factors that Influence the Adoption of Problem Solving Tools in Malaysia Small and Medium Enterprises

Background/Objectives: The adoption level of the Problem Solving Tools is reported to be low in the Malaysia Small and Medium Enterprises. Hence the main objective of this research is to identify the Organizational Factors that influence the adoption level. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The questionnaires are sent to the selected respondents which were selected through the random sampling technique. 1000 questionnaires are sent out through post service. The result then uses the Discriminant Analysis technique to analyze the result where the SPSS 19 software was used. Findings: In the end of the research period, 141 respondents returned the questionnaires. The respond rate is about 14.1%. The 141 was then analyzed using the Discriminant Analysis. The results had shown that both organizational factors are having significant values where the significance level of the factors is lower than 0.05. This shown that the factors are discriminating the high level and low level of adoption of Problem Solving Tools successfully. It is also reported that the accuracy level is 75.2% which is high. The result of the research could recommend the managers of the Small and Medium Enterprises to actually provide more resources and also could adopt the Tailor-Made Problem Solving Tools where they could custom made their own tools by combining parts from other tools. This will increase the adoption level of the tools as they are more familiar and also the cost will be lower. Applications/Improvements: Future research could use survey on the other factors of the TOE model.
Decreased mutant frequency in embryonic brain of DNA polymerase β null mice

(P < 0.001). In contrast, no such difference was found between livers from Polb � /� (0.92 6 0.38 3 10 � 5 ) and wild-type (0.71 6 0.31 3 10 � 5 ) embryos. Analysis of mutation spectra revealed that mutations in brains from the two genotypes were almost exclusively single-base deletions and that these sites fell within runs of 2‐6 identical bases and a two base repeat in the rpsL sequence, while mutations in the corresponding livers contained base substitutions as well as single-base deletions. Taken together with the extensive neuronal apoptosis associated with Polb deficiency, we suggest that the lower mutant frequency observed in Polb � /� embryonic brain may be caused by the elimination of neuronal cells with unrepaired DNA damage through apoptosis.
Nursing doctoral students views about career planning and research priorities

Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Pediatric Surgery, Izmir, Turkey. Dokuz Eylul University, Nursing Faculty, Nursing Management Department, Izmir, Turkey. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Management Department, Burdur, Turkey. Confl icts of interest: the authors declare no potential confl ict of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the views of nursing doctoral student before beginning and during training doctoral programs about career planning changes and research priorities. Methods: The study was of qualitative design. The study was carried out with 16 interviews with Health Sciences Institute Faculty of Nursing. Individual interviews were with 16 doctoral students enrolled in different academic specialties following the interviews, the audio recordings were fi rst transcribed and then categorized. The data were analyzed by content analysis. Results: Data was analyzed by content analysis and then three main themes, namely “changes in career planning,” “research priorities,” and “development,” and six categories were formulated from the data obtained. The participants stated that upon starting their doctoral program, they were aware that they had made various changes in their career plans also doctoral program had affected their professional development and improved their transferable skills. Conclusion: This study’s results suggest that doctoral students should be supported so that they can be effective in their careers, and that postdoctoral education should also be supported. Effective policies concerning the improvement of doctoral nurses should also be developed and implemented based on evidence demonstrating the usefulness of these supports.
The influence of selected growth regulators on development, decorative value and yield of corms of Easy Pot Freesia (Freesia Eckl. ex Klatt). Part I. Gibberellin A3.

Freesias of Easy Pot group are very interesting complement to an assortment of flowering potted plants. However , there is a lack of information about their requirements and cultivation methods. Experiments were carried out in the years 2006-2007 in the un- heated plastic tunnel. Cormlets of three cultivars: 'Gompey', 'Popey' and 'Suzy' were the plant material. Corms were soaked in solution of gibberellic acid in concentration of 10, 20, 40, 80 or 160 mg dm -3 for 24 hours just before planting, in a dark room with air tem- perature 28-30 o C. Corms soaked in water were served as the control. During the vegeta- tion season measurements of vegetative and generative traits of plants were conducted. After the end of vegetation period, coefficients of corm weight and number increase were calculated. It was found that cormlets of Easy Pot Freesia can be recommended for culti- vation in pots. Cultivar had a significant effect on vegetative and generative parameters of plants. Among evaluated cultivars 'Gompey' was characterized by the greatest decorative value. Plants of this cultivar had the longest inflorescence shoots with the greatest number of lateral shoots and the greatest number of flowers. Irrespective of cultivar, gibberellic acid increased plant height, total number of leaves, length of inflorescence shoots and de- creased flower diameter. The use of gibberellic acid increased weight of the offspring corms. Among evaluated concentrations the highest effect was noted for 160 mg dm -3 . However, used in the experiment growth regulator did not affect number of obtained new corms.
Assessing age, growth, and reproduction of Alburnus mossulensis and Acanthobrama marmid (Cyprinidae) populations in Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey)

In total, 626 individuals of Alburnus mossulensis and 586 individuals of Acanthobrama marmid were collected monthly from Karakaya Dam Lake on the upper Euphrates River. The gonadosomatic index, somatic condition, oocyte size, and fecundity were calculated on a monthly basis. Reading of scales indicated that the maximum age was 4+ years for A. mossulensis and A. marmid. The estimated length-weight relationships were W = 0.206 × FL2.065 for females and W = 0.119 × FL2.138 for males in A. mossulensis, and W = 0.029 × FL2.678 for females and W = 0.030 × FL2.631 for males in A. marmid. Growth in length equations were Lt = 19.6[1 - e-0.14(t + 1.39)] for females and Lt = 20.1[1 - e-1.40(t + 1.04)] for males in A. mossulensis and Lt = 17.3[1 - e-1.37(t + 1.04)] for females and Lt = 16.6[1 - e-1.29(t + 1.04)] for males in A. marmid. This study investigated oocyte size and fecundity for A. mossulensis and A. marmid in Turkey for the first time. The spawning period was between May and August for A. mossulensis and between May and June for A. marmid. These 2 species usually play a key role in the food web of temperate freshwater systems. In addition to water quality, biological data of these 2 species are very important in terms of future water management of the basin of Karakaya Dam Lake.
SDPLIB 1.1, A Library of Semidefinite Programming Test Problems

SDPLIB is a collection of semidefinite programming (SDP) test problems. The problems are drawn from a variety of applications, including truss topology design, control systems engineering, and relaxations of combinatorial optimization problems. The current version of the library contains a total of 92 SDP problems encoded in a standard format. It is hoped that SDPLIB will stimulate the development of improved software for the solution of SDP problems.
An investigation of the surface of the cuticle and associated sensory structures of the terrestrial isopod, Porcellio scaber

The exoskeletal surface of the body of the terrestrial isopod, Porcellio scaber has been examined with the scanning electron microscope as part of a study of the structural changes associated with the transition from sea to land in the Isopoda. No sexual differences are apparent. The dorsal cuticular surface is characterized by large tubercles, minute plaques and pits, separated by amorphous areas. Apart from the eyes the only structures of apparent sensory function are relatively large setae which occur near the antero-lateral and posterolateral edges of each epimeron, and sensilla squamiformia (tricorns). Tricorns are extremely numerous on the dorsal surface and appear to be formed from the fusion of a plaque and a sensillum which arises from a pit. Much of the ventral body surface is covered with closely-set plaques, tricorns being restricted to the epimera. Along the sides of the mid-ventral sternal groove occur numerous small tubercles each surmounted by a single seta. Similar, though smaller structures are found in a single row along the outer edge of the epimera. The water capillary system of this species is formed from spines which arise from plaques around the pereopodal sockets and along the junctions between the epimera and sternites. Most of the sensilla described appear to be mechanosensory and are probably associated with the thigmokinetic and proprioceptive responses of the woodlouse.
In silico approach to identification of a novel gene responsive to submergence stress in rice

Submergence is one of the major constraints to rice production. Bioinformatics approach has been widely used to identify candidate genes on many biological aspects. In the present study, a novel gene involved in submergence stress in rice, Os07g47670 was identified by in silico approach. The amino acid sequence of Os07g47670 is highly homologous to hypoxia-responsive family proteins. No disordered regions are found in the Os07g47670 protein. In the Os07g47670 gene promoter, there are two ARE cis-regulatory elements, indicating that Os07g47670 is associated with submergence responsiveness. The Os07g47670 transcript levels are higher in roots of one or two-week old plants than in other tissues. Without the Sub1A gene, the expression level of Os07g47670 in M202 is low under submergence, ACC treatment, and normal condition. However, in the Sub1A genetic background, the Os07g47670 transcript level is strongly induced during submergence, and peaked at day 1 during submergence. The mRNA level of Os07g47670 in M202(Sub1A) was also significantly increased by ACC treatment. High expression level of Os07g47670 is correlated with the existence of the Sub1A gene. Os07g47670 shares similar expression patterns with Sub1A, ADH1, SLR1, and SLRL1 and are co-induced under submergence. Thus, we have documented Os07g47670 as a novel gene associated with submergence stress response. The identification of Os07g47670 will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanism of submergence tolerance in rice. Key words: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), in silico approach, submergence, waterlogging.