Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of gadgets on emotional maturity, reasoning ability of college students

In the present era the introduction of modern technological gadgets has captured the attention of global population. The dependency of people on these technological gadgets and services provided by these has reached at such a level that, without these, they are unable to think a step forward in the direction of their growth. The degree of dependency is leading to addiction of the tech-devices and services. Youth is the most vulnerable group among the population to be addicted to technology. The study was design to examine the use of tech-devices by youth i.e., the time spent with the gadgets, their Emotional Maturity and Reasoning Ability. Using structured questionnaire, primary data was collected from 120 undergraduate students from different colleges of Hubli-Dharwad. The gadget use scale, Singh and Bhargav’s Emotional Maturity scale and David’s Battery of Differential Aptitude: Reasoning Ability scales were used to gather data. The respondents were categorized into two groups i.e., More Gadget Users and Less Gadget Users. The ‘t’ test was used for statistical analysis. Findings of the study showed that More Gadget Users have high emotional maturity and slightly high reasoning ability. The results are interpreted based on the current theories and implications for future are pointed out.
Reversing uncertainty sampling to improve active learning schemes

Active learning provides promising methods to optimize the cost of manually annotating a dataset. However, practitioners in many areas do not massively resort to such methods because they present tech- nical diculties and do not provide a guarantee of good performance, es- pecially in skewed distributions with scarcely populated minority classes and an undened, catch-all majority class, which are very common in human-related phenomena like natural language. In this paper we present a comparison of the simplest active learning technique, pool-based uncertainty sampling, and its opposite, which we call reversed uncertainty sampling. We show that both obtain results comparable to the random, arguing for a more insightful approach to active learning.
Resource- and Approach-Driven Multidimensional Change: Three-Year Effects of School Improvement Grants

Hoping to spur dramatic school turnaround, the federal government channeled resources to the country’s lowest-performing schools through School Improvement Grants (SIG). However, prior research on SIG effectiveness is limited and focuses primarily on student achievement. This study uses a difference-in-differences strategy to estimate program impacts on multiple dimensions across the 3-year duration of the SIG award in one urban school district. Following 2 years of modest improvement, we find pronounced, positive effects of SIG interventions on student achievement in Year 3, consistent with prior literature indicating that improvements from comprehensive school turnarounds emerge gradually. We also identify improvements indicating the process through which change occurred, including reduced unexcused absences, increased family preference for SIG schools, improved retention of effective teachers, and greater development of teacher professional capacity.
Video De-noising Using Adaptive Temporal and Spatial Filter Based on Mean Square Error Estimation

In this paper, an adaptive temporal and spatial filter (ATSF) based on mean square error (MSE) estimation is proposed. ATSF is a block based de-noising algorithm. Each noisy block is selectively filtered by a temporal filter or a spatial filter. Multi-hypothesis motion compensated filter (MHMCF) and bilateral filter are chosen as the temporal filter and the spatial filter, respectively. Although there is no original video, we mathematically derivate a formular to estimate the real MSE between a block de-noised by MHMCF and its original block and a linear model is proposed to estimate the real MSE between a block de-noised by bilateral filter and its original block. Finally, each noisy block is processed by the filter with a smaller estimated MSE. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm achieves substantial improvements in terms of both visual quality and PSNR as compared with the conventional de-noising algorithms.
Neutral gas properties of Lyman continuum emitting galaxies: Column densities and covering fractions from UV absorption lines

Context. The processes allowing the escape of ionizing photons from galaxies into the intergalactic medium are poorly known. Aims. To understand how Lyman continuum (LyC) photons escape galaxies, we constrain the H I covering fractions and column densities using ultraviolet (UV) H I and metal absorption lines of 18 star-forming galaxies that have Lyman series observations. Nine of these galaxies are confirmed LyC emitters. Methods. We fit the stellar continuum, dust attenuation, metal, and H I properties to consistently determine the UV attenuation, as well as the column densities and covering factors of neutral hydrogen and metals. We used synthetic interstellar absorption lines to explore the systematics of our measurements. Then we applied our method to the observed UV spectra of low-redshift and z ~ 3 galaxies. Results. The observed H I lines are found to be saturated in all galaxies. An indirect approach using O I column densities and the observed O/H abundances yields H I column densities of log(NH I) ~ 18.6−20 cm−2. These columns are too high to allow the escape of ionizing photons. We find that the known LyC leakers have H I covering fractions less than unity. Ionizing photons escape through optically thin channels in a clumpy interstellar medium. Our simulations confirm that the H I covering fractions are accurately recovered. The Si II and H I covering fractions scale linearly, in agreement with observations from stacked Lyman break galaxy spectra at z ~ 3. Thus, with an empirical correction, the Si II absorption lines can also be used to determine the H I coverage. Finally, we show that a consistent fitting of dust attenuation, continuum, and absorption lines is required to properly infer the covering fraction of neutral gas and subsequently to infer the escape fraction of ionizing radiation. Conclusions. These measurements can estimate the LyC escape fraction, as we demonstrate in a companion paper.
Linking Servicescape , Tourist Satisfaction and Overall Tour Guiding Experience : The Case of Taman Negara National Park , Malaysia

This study has two key objectives. The first objective is to determine the characteristics of servicescape, while the second is to investigate the impact of servicescape on tourist satisfaction and the overall tour guiding experience. The linkages are attempted on a sample of 385 local and foreign visitors to Taman Negara National Park (TNNP) through the application of exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression. The experimental results show that: (a) there are five characteristics of servicescape in the TNNP, and (b) servicescape has a positive impact on tourist satisfaction and the overall tour guiding experience. The theoretical and managerial consequences of the findings of the study are ‡ esented and recommendations have been made for researches in the future.
Classification of Trade Direction for an Equity Market with Price Limit and Order Match: Evidence from the Taiwan Stock Market

This study investigates the applicability and accuracy of revised trade direction algorithms to the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE) data including the tick rule, reverse tick rule, quote rule, at the quote rule, revised quote rule, the Lee and Ready (LR) algorithm, and the Ellis, Michaely and O’Hara (EMO) algorithm. While there are price limits and no designated market maker with the order matching system in the TWSE, we propose that the appropriate classification rule for the TWSE should first adjust the ‘no bid or no offer quote’ problems, and then classify a trade according to the quote rule and finally the tick rule. We refer to this as a revised LR algorithm (henceforth the RLR algorithm). The empirical results show that there is almost 59% of trades at the zero tick and 94% of trades at the quote, which supports the notion that the quote rule should be identified before the tick rule in the TWSE. The analysis of the other classifications shows that the degree of accuracy ranges from 67.11% to 96.89% compared with the RLR algorithm. The RLR algorithm proposed in this paper could be applied to other topics related to the market microstructure and the empirical results could also be applied to other emerging markets with price limits and order matching systems.
Antibacterial activity of seagrass species of cymodocea serrulata against chosen bacterial fish pathogens

The purpose of this study was to investigate antibacterial activity of seagrass Cymodocea serrulata. The 6th acetone fraction from C. serrulata root extract showed maximum activity [12mm, 12mm and 12mm] against three [A. hydrophila, B.subtilis and Serratia sp. ,] of the five fish pathogens tested and minimum activity of 7mm, 8mm was noticed against V. parahaemolyticus, V.harveyii respectively. The 1st fraction of hexane from C. serrulata root extract showed antibacterial activity against five fish pathogens viz., B. subtilis, A. hydrophila, V. parahaemolyticus, Serratia sp. , and V. harveyii. This showed maximum activity [10mm] against V. parahaemolyticus and minimum activity of 8mm, 7mm were observed against B. subtilis, Serratia sp. , respectively.
Contextual Opportunities for Teacher Professional Learning: The Experience of One Science Department

In this article we investigate the changing context for teacher professional learning potentially afforded by the conceptual change from professional development to professional learning. Using a narrative case study methodology, we utilize the Best Evidence Synthesis Iteration developed by Timperley, Wilson, Barrar and Fung (2007) to analyse the teachers’ responses to the changing context within their school. Our analysis reveals three important findings: the negligible impact of school policy on the work of the teachers, the willingness of teachers to utilize appropriate expertise, regardless of the source of that expertise, and the manner in which these teachers have developed a community in which teaching practices, both individual and corporate, can be discussed and critiqued. The clear implication of these findings is that it is teachers, working within the department and wider science education community, who were making the conceptual change from professional development to professional learning.
Estimating mental fatigue based on electroencephalogram and heart rate variability

Estimating mental fatigue based on electroencephalogram and heart rate variability The effects of long term mental arithmetic task on psychology are investigated by subjective self-reporting measures and action performance test. Based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV), the impacts of prolonged cognitive activity on central nervous system and autonomic nervous system are observed and analyzed. Wavelet packet parameters of EEG and power spectral indices of HRV are combined to estimate the change of mental fatigue. Then wavelet packet parameters of EEG which change significantly are extracted as the features of brain activity in different mental fatigue state, support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is applied to differentiate two mental fatigue states. The experimental results show that long term mental arithmetic task induces the mental fatigue. The wavelet packet parameters of EEG and power spectral indices of HRV are strongly correlated with mental fatigue. The predominant activity of autonomic nervous system of subjects turns to the sympathetic activity from parasympathetic activity after the task. Moreover, the slow waves of EEG increase, the fast waves of EEG and the degree of disorder of brain decrease compared with the pre-task. The SVM algorithm can effectively differentiate two mental fatigue states, which achieves the maximum classification accuracy (91%). The SVM algorithm could be a promising tool for the evaluation of mental fatigue. Fatigue, especially mental fatigue, is a common phenomenon in modern life, is a persistent occupational hazard for professional. Mental fatigue is usually accompanied with a sense of weariness, reduced alertness, and reduced mental performance, which would lead the accidents in life, decrease productivity in workplace and harm the health. Therefore, the evaluation of mental fatigue is important for the occupational risk protection, productivity, and occupational health.
A Review on Engineering of Organophosphorus Hydrolase (OPH) Enzyme

Organophosphorus chemicals are compounds which have been used as pesticides and insecticides in agriculture. They’re also used as nervous agents and have raised many problems for human and environment. Among the most important methods of decontamination from these compounds are biodegradation methods. Using OPH enzyme in degradation the mentioned compounds is seen as one of the desirable ways, but low activity and specification and low thermostability are among factors significantly decreasing the optimal application of this enzyme. Using methods of protein engineering based on the alteration of specific protein positions in order to improve the activity, specification and thermostability are some common ways used currently. Numerous studies have been done to increase activity and thermostability of OPH enzyme with alteration of some special amino acids the result of which was an increase against different substrates. OPH enzyme active site connected to substrates that consisted of three large, small and releasing packets were one of the goal areas of changing amino acids used by researchers to improve engineered activities. Among other ways of making enzymes more rigid and stable were bending loops by replacing Proline, creating disulfide bonds, ionic bonds by replacing charged amino acids.
CO 2 capture from syngas by an adsorption process at a biomass gasification CHP plant : Its comparison with amine-based CO 2 capture

An exemplary 10 MWth biomass-fuelled CHP plant equipped with a FICFB (Fast Internally Circulating Fluidised Bed) gasifier and a Jenbacher type 6 gas engine was simulated using Honeywell UniSim R400 to estimate the power and thermal outputs. The biomass gasification CHP plant was integrated with either a pre-combustion adsorptive capture process or a conventional post-combustion amine process to achieve carbon-negative power and heat generation. The practical maximum of carbon capture rate achievable with an adsorptive CO2 capture process applied to a syngas stream was 49% in overall while the amine
Raman intensities of the first optical transitions in carbon nanotubes

We performed resonant Raman spectroscopy on the lowest optical transition E S11 of separated single‐walled carbon nanotubes by studying the radial‐breathing mode (RBM) spectra for excitation energies between 1.15 and 1.48 eV. We were able to extend the experimental Kataura plot to these energies by adding the E S11 transition energies of 11 nanotube chiralities. We discuss also the relative Raman intensities; they are more similar for different family index ν than those of the corresponding transitions of the E S22 [1]. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robust Guaranteed-Cost Preview Repetitive Control for Polytopic Uncertain Discrete-Time Systems

In this paper, a robust guaranteed-cost preview repetitive controller is proposed for a class of polytopic uncertain discrete-time systems. In order to improve the tracking performance, a repetitive controller, combined with preview compensator, is inserted in the forward channel. By using the L-order forward difference operator, an augmented dynamic system is constructed. Then, the guaranteed-cost preview repetitive control problem is transformed into a guaranteed-cost control problem for the augmented dynamic system. For a given performance index, the sufficient condition of asymptotic stability for the closed-loop system is derived by using a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function method and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. Incorporating the controller obtained into the original system, the guaranteed-cost preview repetitive controller is derived. A numerical example is also included, to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Thinking outside the halo: tracing the large-scale distribution of diffuse cosmic metals with semi-analytic models

With the installation of the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, measurements of the metal content of the low redshift intergalactic medium (IGM) are now available. Using a new grid-based model for diffuse gas coupled to the SAGE semi-analytic model of galaxy formation, we examine the impact of supernova feedback on the pollution of the IGM. We consider different assumptions for the reheating and ejection of gas by supernovae and their dependence on galaxy circular velocity and gas surface density. Where metals are present, we find the most likely metallicity to be $-1.5 < $log$_{10}$(Z/Z$_{\odot}$)$< -1.0$ at $z = 0$, consistent with both observations and more sophisticated hydrodynamic simulations. Our model predicts that the regions of the IGM with the highest metallicities will be near galaxies with M$_{\star} \sim 10^{10.5}h^{-1}$M$_{\odot}$ and in environments of densities $\sim 10 \times$ the mean. We also find that 90% of IGM metals at $z = 0$ are ejected by galaxies with stellar masses less than $10^{10.33}h^{-1}$M$_{\odot}$.
Flexibility in young second-language learners: examining the language specificity of orthographic processing

This study examines whether orthographic processing transfers across languages to reading when the writing systems under acquisition are sufficiently related. We conducted a study with 76 7-year-old English-first-language children in French immersion. Measures of English and French orthographic processing (orthographic choice tasks) and standardised measures of English and French word reading (Woodcock and FIAT) were taken, in addition to verbal and nonverbal ability, and phonological and morphological awareness. Analyses reveal significant contributions of orthographic processing to reading both within and across the two languages, despite the inclusion of control variables. Findings of the transfer of orthographic processing skills to reading across languages suggest that orthographic processing may not be as language specific as previously hypothesised. We discuss the several similarities between English and French, such as a shared alphabet and cognates, that may drive transfer across languages in the context of current theories of second-language reading development. Bilinguals are now in the majority worldwide (UNESCO, 2003), and many of these individuals learn to read and write in two languages. The existence of general cognitive mechanisms that operate across the boundaries between languages enables bilingual children to move quickly towards the goal of biliteracy. Phonological awareness, or the understanding of the sound structure of words, has been widely advocated as one such language-general skill that can facilitate reading across languages. And yet not all reading-related skills are ubiquitous in their impacts; some skills may need to be acquired separately for each of the scripts that bilingual children master. Orthographic processing, or the ‘ability to form, store and access orthographic representations’ (Stanovich & West, 1989, p. 404), has been nominated as one such ‘language-specific’ skill (Abu-Rabia,
Prognostic implications of decreased microRNA-101-3p expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

To investigate the expression level of microRNA-101-3p (miR-101-3p) and its possible association with progression, prognosis and chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the expression in 327 NSCLC and 42 adjacent normal lung tissues, of which 42 viable tissues were paired with nearby normal lung tissues. Based on the Cox regression model, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to address the factors that had effects on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rate. Data from the GEO database demonstrated that the miR-101-3p expression in NSCLC was downregulated, compared with normal lung cancer. Survival analysis through univariate and multivariate models indicated that the miR-101-3p expression level was a crucial risk factor for OS and DFS in patients with NSCLC. A number of clinical parameters were determined to be associated with miR-101-3p expression, including tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis stage. Adjuvant chemotherapy with high expression of miR-101-3p was determined to increase OS and DFS in patients with NSCLC, compared with patients with de novo or low expression of miR-101-3p. The present results demonstrated that miR-101-3p expression levels were associated with NSCLC progression and prognosis, which indicated that miR-101-3p may serve as a biomarker for patients with NSCLC who have received adjuvant chemotherapy.
Multifractal Dynamic Functional Connectivity in the Resting-State Brain

Assessing the functional connectivity (FC) of the brain has proven valuable in enhancing our understanding of brain function. Recent developments in the field demonstrated that FC fluctuates even in the resting state, which has not been taken into account by the widely applied static approaches introduced earlier. In a recent study using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) global dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) has also been found to fluctuate according to scale-free i.e., fractal dynamics evidencing the true multifractal (MF) nature of DFC in the human prefrontal cortex. Expanding on these findings, we performed electroencephalography (EEG) measurements in 14 regions over the whole cortex of 24 healthy, young adult subjects in eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) states. We applied dynamic graph theoretical analysis to capture DFC by computing the pairwise time-dependent synchronization between brain regions and subsequently calculating the following dynamic graph topological measures: Density, Clustering Coefficient, and Efficiency. We characterized the dynamic nature of these global network metrics as well as local individual connections in the networks using focus-based multifractal time series analysis in all traditional EEG frequency bands. Global network topological measures were found fluctuating–albeit at different extent–according to true multifractal nature in all frequency bands. Moreover, the monofractal Hurst exponent was found higher during EC than EO in the alpha and beta bands. Individual connections showed a characteristic topology in their fractal properties, with higher autocorrelation owing to short-distance connections–especially those in the frontal and pre-frontal cortex–while long-distance connections linking the occipital to the frontal and pre-frontal areas expressed lower values. The same topology was found with connection-wise multifractality in all but delta band connections, where the very opposite pattern appeared. This resulted in a positive correlation between global autocorrelation and connection-wise multifractality in the higher frequency bands, while a strong anticorrelation in the delta band. The proposed analytical tools allow for capturing the fine details of functional connectivity dynamics that are evidently present in DFC, with the presented results implying that multifractality is indeed an inherent property of both global and local DFC.