Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognising the economic role of bikes: sharing parking in Lygon Street, Carlton

Abstract Debate over the best allocation of public space, particularly between cars versus other potential users, is intensifying. As attention is increasingly paid to the quality of the public realm for pedestrians, transport modes other than cars are considered more carefully, and the implications of streets' detailed design are recognised more fully, acceptance of consuming space for car parking has diminished. In retail or recreational areas, pedestrianisation has often been a key element of projects to improve to aesthetics, safety, and provision of greater amounts of land for community uses. However, concerns for traders' economic fortunes are often used to oppose reduction of car parking in mixed use areas. In contrast, this study demonstrates that, in appropriate areas, economic benefits may be achieved from replacing car parking with bike parking in public space areas, particularly as intensification of activity occurs as part of urban change, and as transport mode shifts over time. In the inner city case study examined, car users averaged more overall spending per hour than bike riders. However, the small area of public space required for bike parking means that each square metre allocated to bike parking generated $31 per hour, compared to $6 generated for each square metre used for a car parking space. The paper concludes by recommending circumstances where the findings provide a basis for action, and considers potential impacts upon components of a local retail market.
Effects of fallow tillage on winter wheat yield and predictions under different precipitation types

In northern China, precipitation that is primarily concentrated during the fallow period is insufficient for the growth stage, creates a moisture shortage, and leads to low, unstable yields. Yield prediction in the early growth stages significantly informs field management decisions for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A 10-year field experiment carried out in the Loess Plateau area tested how three tillage practices (deep ploughing (DP), subsoiling (SS), and no tillage (NT)) influenced cultivation and yield across different fallow periods. The experiment used the random forest (RF) algorithm to construct a prediction model of yields and yield components. Our results revealed that tillage during the fallow period was more effective than NT in improving yield in dryland wheat. Under drought condition, DP during the fallow period achieved a higher yield than SS, especially in drought years; DP was 16% higher than SS. RF was deemed fit for yield prediction across different precipitation years. An RF model was developed using meteorological factors for fixed variables and soil water storage after tillage during a fallow period for a control variable. Small error values existed in the prediction yield, spike number, and grains number per spike. Additionally, the relative error of crop yield under fallow tillage (5.24%) was smaller than that of NT (6.49%). The prediction error of relative meteorological yield was minimum and optimal, indicating that the model is suitable to explain the influence of meteorological factors on yield.
3D-QSAR Studies of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Sortase A Inhibitors

Sortase A (SrtA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of proteins to the cell wall of Gram-positive bacterial membrane, preventing the spread of pathogenic bacterial strains. Here, one class of oxadiazole compounds was distinguished as an efficient inhibitor of SrtA via the “S. aureus Sortase A” substrate-based virtual screening. The current study on 3D-QSAR was done by utilizing preparation of the structure in the Schrödinger software suite and an assessment of 120 derivatives with the crystal structure of 1,2,4-oxadiazole which was extracted from the PDB data bank. The docking operation of the best compound in terms of pMIC (pMIC = 2.77) was done to determine the drug likeliness and binding form of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as antibiotics in the active site. Using the kNN-MFA way, seven models of 3D-QSAR were created and amongst them, and one model was selected as the best. The chosen model based on q2 (pred_r2) and R2 values related to the sixth factor of PLS illustrates better and more acceptable external and internal predictions. Values of crossvalidation (pred_r2), validation (q2), and F were observed 0.5479, 0.6319, and 179.0, respectively, for a test group including 24 molecules and the training group including 96 molecules. The external reliability outcomes showed that the acceptable and the selective 3D-QSAR model had a high predictive potential (R2 = 0.9235) which was confirmed by the Y-randomization test. Besides, the model applicability domain was described successfully to validate the estimation of the model.
Automated Multi-Objective Optimization Process for Preliminary Engine Design

The main challenge within the preliminary engine design phase is that only a small amount of knowledge about the engine is available, but decisions with huge impact on product life cycle costs have to be made. The paper will demonstrate how efficient optimization strategies can support the design engineer to find a proper engine concept. The proposed preliminary engine design process calculates engine performance and basic geometries. It has been automated in order to enable design studies and optimization. The design task is formulated as multi-objective optimization problem, and different solution strategies are tested and discussed. Besides a direct model optimization several surrogate modeling techniques are implemented and a reduction of the multi-objective problem to a single-objective problem using the e-constraint method is applied which significantly increases process efficiency.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The multiscale nature of diesel particulate filter simulation

Widespread market application of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) has been accompanied by the introduction of new filter materials and configurations in terms of cell density, wall thickness, pore size, porosity, catalyst coatings etc. Given this state-of-affairs, materials development, DPF design, system integration, regeneration control strategy optimisation and ash ageing assessment, based on a traditional design of experiments approach becomes very time consuming and costly, due to the high number of tests required. This provides a privileged window of opportunity for the application of simulation tools. DPF behaviour depends strongly on the coupling of phenomena occurring over widely disparate spatial and temporal scales and the simulation approach must recognise and exploit these facts.
Proportion Design of Polymeric Cement Concrete Based on Volumetric Analysis

Polymeric Cement Concrete (PCC) is used for function layer of pavements throughout the world owing to its better and economical performance than cement concrete pavements and asphalt pavements. However, the problem associated with the PCC layer is the proportion design method with traditional checking trial batches method. In this paper, asphalt mix proportion design experience was referenced in PCC mix design. The Fuller Cure was used to determine the aggregate gradation, and a filling index Dp was referenced in PCC mix design. The laboratory tests were done including the strength test (tensile strength and compressive strength), texture depths, the British pendulum number (BPN) and the noise with the method of accelerating-falling tire.
Theoretical and Experimental Research on Multi-Layer Vessel-like Structure Printing Based on 3D Bio-Printing Technology

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional autologous transplantation has become a severe issue due to insufficient donors. Artificial blood vessel is an effective method for the treatment of major vascular diseases, such as heart and peripheral blood vessel diseases. However, the traditional single-material printing technology has been unable to meet the users’ demand for product functional complexity, which is not only reflected in the field of industrial manufacturing, but also in the field of functional vessel-like structure regeneration. In order to achieve the printing and forming of multi-layer vessel-like structures, this paper carries out theoretical and experimental research on the printing and forming of a multi-layer vessel-like structure based on multi-material 3D bioprinting technology. Firstly, theoretical analysis has been explored to research the relationship among the different parameters in the process of vessel forming, and further confirm the synchronous relationship among the extrusion rate of material, the tangential speed of the rotating rod, and the movement speed of the platform. Secondly, sodium alginate and gelatin have been used as the experimental materials to manufacture the vessel-like structure, and the corrected parameter of the theoretical analysis is further verified. Finally, the cell-loaded materials have been printed and analyzed, and cell viability is more than 90%, which provides support for the research of multi-layer vessel-like structure printing.
Convolutional Neural Network Copy Detection with Neural Network Perceptual Hashing

In recent years, many model intellectual property (IP) proof methods for IP protection have been proposed, such as model watermarking and model fingerprinting. However, as an important part of the model IP protection system, the model copy detection task has not received enough attention. With the increasing number of neural network models transmitted and deployed on the Internet, the search for similar models is in great demand, which concurrently triggers the security problem of copy detection of models for IP protection. Due to the high computational complexity, both model watermarking and model fingerprinting lack the capability to efficiently find suspected infringing models among tens of millions of models. In this paper, inspired by the hash-based image retrieval methods, we propose a perceptual hashing algorithm for convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The proposed perceptual hashing algorithm can convert the weights of CNNs to fixed-length binary hash codes so that the lightly modified version has the similar hash code as the original model. By comparing the similarity of a pair of hash codes between a query model and a test model in the model library, the similar versions of a query model can be retrieved efficiently. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first perceptual hashing algorithm for CNNs. The experiment performed on a model library containing 3,565 models indicates that our proposed perceptual hashing scheme has a superior copy detection performance.
V-band Low-noise Integrated Circuit Receiver

A compact low-noise V-band integrated circuit receiver has been developed for space communication systems, The receiver accepts an RF input of 60-63 GHz and generates an IF output of 3-6 GHz. A Gunn oscillator at 57 GHz is phaselocked to a low-frequency reference source to achieve high stability and low FM noise. The receiver has an overall single sideband noise figure of less than 10.5 dB and an RF to IF gain of 40 dB over a 3-GHz RF bandwidth. All RF circuits are fabricated in integrated circuits on a Duroid substrate.
A study of wire tool surface topography and optimization of wire electro-spark machined UNS N06690 using the federated mode of RSM-ANN

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the postprocessed wire tool surface using scanning electron microscopy and find out the streamlined conditions of input process variables using multi-objective optimization techniques to get minimum wire wear values.Design/methodology/approachA federated mode of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) is used to optimize the process variables during the machining of a nickel-based superalloy.FindingsThe study explores that with the rise in spark-off time and spark gap voltage, the rate of wire tool consumption also escalates.Originality/valueMost of the researchers used the RSM technique for the optimization of process variables. The RSM generates a second-order regression model during the modeling and optimization of a manufacturing process whose major limitation is to fit the collected data to a second-order polynomial. The leading edge of ANN on the RSM is that it has comprehensive approximation capability, i.e. it can approximate virtually all types of nonlinear functions, including quadratic functions also.
Real Estate Values and Urban Quality: A Multiple Linear Regression Model for Defining an Urban Quality Index

Urban quality, real estate values and property taxation are different factors that participate in defining how a city is governed. Real estate values are largely determined by the characteristics of urban environments in which properties are located and, thus, by quality of the location. Beginning with these considerations, this paper explores the theme of urban quality through a study of property values that seeks to define all physical (and thus measurable) characteristics that participate in defining urban quality. For this purpose, a multiple linear regression model was developed for reading the residential real estate market in the city of Pescara (Italy). In addition to the intrinsic characteristics of a property (floor area, period of construction/renovation, level, building typology and presence of a garage), input also included extrinsic data represented by the Urban Quality Index. Scientific literature on this theme tells us that many independent variables influence real estate prices, although all are linked to a set of intrinsic characteristics (property-specific) and to a set of extrinsic characteristics (specific to the urban context in which the property is located) and, thus, to the quality of urban environments. The index developed was produced by the analytical and simultaneous reading of four macrosystems with the greatest impact on urban quality: environment, infrastructure, settlement and services (each with its own subsystems). The results obtained made it possible to redefine proportional ratios between various parts of the city of Pescara, based on a specific Urban Quality Index, and to recalculate market property values used to calculate taxes in an attempt to resolve the inequality that persists in this field.
3D Printing Manufacturing Techniques, Materials, and Applications: An Overview

3D printing, also called additive manufacturing (AM), is a method of creating 3D solid parts from a digital document. By utilizing additive routes, the fabrication of 3D-printed objects can be made. These layers can be viewed as a gently cut level cross-area of the manifest object. 3D printing is somewhat in obstruction to subtractive manufacture, which is expelling/discharging out a touch of metal or plastic for the occurrence of a milling machine. 3D printing authorizes creating multifarious profiles employing fewer materials than conventional fabrication systems. This review article provides the general idea of 3D printing production techniques, materials used, and applications in the aircraft and automobile industry and biomedical fields.
Tunable multichannel isolation filter using a fiber-to-LiNbO3 coupler with intermediate coupling layer

We report the periodic filtering properties of a side- polished single-mode fiber-to-MMOW coupler using a polished LiNbO3 overlay waveguide. The tuning behaviors by thermo-optic effect of an IMCL with a photopolymer have been demonstrated. A possibility to be used for multi-channel isolation filter of WDM and multi-channel light source is investigated. The coupling phenomenon with an IMCL and without an IMCL is simulated and compared to the experimental results. The output spectra of this filter show a free spectral range with 4nm when the X-cut LiNbO3 with 200 μm thickness are used to an MMOW. This filter was applied to a fiber ring laser and tunable dual- wavelength operations have been demonstrated.
Charge separation techniques for irradiated pseudo-MOS SOI transistors

Pseudo-metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) transistors are used to study the total ionizing dose response of buried oxides. The concentrations of radiation-induced oxide-trap and interface-trap charge are separated using midgap and dual-transistor charge separation analysis techniques. Dual-transistor analysis is shown to be especially well suited for charge separation of pseudo-MOSFETs (/spl Psi/-MOSFETs) because the electron conduction mode of this simple point-contact device resembles an nMOS transistor, and the hole conduction mode resembles a pMOS transistor. That this is a single device ensures that the dual-transistor assumption of equal oxide-trap charge in otherwise identical n and pMOS transistors is satisfied automatically. Both electron and hole conduction current-voltage (I-V) traces must extrapolate to a common, physically realistic midgap voltage; this is employed as a test for the self-consistency of /spl Psi/-MOSFET data. Charge separation performed using midgap and dual-transistor analyses show good agreement for the devices employed in this paper.
Forms of innovation openness in global automotive groups

Open innovation can involve more or less information and knowledge from few or many areas and few or many actors. The communication can also be more or less intense and frequent. These are considered here to be aspects of openness. Patterns of open innovation are often identified primarily in a vertical dimension in relation to various types of suppliers. Vertical 'open' innovation might however also have 'closed' signatures, especially in relations with suppliers owning scarce and specified technology and/or in relations with large suppliers prescribing technological content. Patterns of more or less closed innovation are mainly identified in a horizontal dimension. This type of innovation has closed signatures since the underlying technology being more or less general or specifically applicable is not traded on an open market, but developed for specific purposes between cooperating parties. In summary, attention should be paid to the openness in both vertical and horizontal perspectives.
Assessment of a GPS Guided Spinning Projectile Using an Accelerometer -Only IMU

This paper describes the system design and a preliminary performance assessment of a Global Positioning System (GPS) guided spinning projectile known as the Autonomous Naval Support Round (ANSR). The ANSR is a rolling 5 inch gun launched rocket assisted guided projectile being considered for development by the US Navy that utilizes the GPS and a gyro -less “accelerometer only” inertial measurement unit (AO IMU) for guidance and navigation purposes. The ANSR guidance, navigation and control (GNC) concept (initia lly proposed by NSWC Dahlgren) is based on being able to exploit commercial off the shelf components (COTS) for lower cost, while providing a projectile with an extended range capability. The proposed GNC concept for ANSR is based on using GPS measurement s to provide the onboard guidance system with position and velocity states and using a Forward Integrated Terminal States (FITS) guidance policy to guide the projectile to stationary ground based targets. A traditional Inertial Navigation System (INS) is n ot used. This is in contrast to previous assessment studies which assume an integrated GPS/INS system in a tightly coupled configuration. The ANSR functions with an open loop autopilot that generates deflection commands for a single pair of canards. The pe rformance analysis for this paper is done using a six degree of freedom simulation, and the primary metric used for the terminal navigation performance is the circular error probable (CEP).
Rapid and robust directed differentiation of mouse epiblast stem cells into definitive endoderm and forebrain organoids

Directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a powerful model system for deconstructing embryonic development. Although mice are the most advanced mammalian model system for genetic studies of embryonic development, state-of-the-art protocols for directed differentiation of mouse PSCs into defined lineages require additional steps and generate target cell types with lower purity than analogous protocols for human PSCs, limiting their application as models for mechanistic studies of development. Here, we examine the potential of mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) cultured in media containing Wnt pathway inhibitors as a starting point for directed differentiation. As a proof-of-concept, we focused our efforts on two specific cell/tissue types that have proven difficult to generate efficiently and reproducibly from mouse embryonic stem cells: definitive endoderm and neural organoids. We present new protocols for rapid generation of nearly pure definitive endoderm and forebrain-patterned neural organoids that model the development of prethalamic and hippocampal neurons. These differentiation models present new possibilities for combining mouse genetic tools with in vitro differentiation to characterize molecular and cellular mechanisms of embryonic development. SUMMARY STATEMENT New optimized protocols for directed differentiation of mouse epiblast stem cells into definitive endoderm and forebrain-patterned organoids.
Analysis and Comparison between the Energy Efficiency of HT and Non-HT MAC in 802.11n

In order to be compatible with the legacy 802.11, there are two major MAC behaviors, High-throughput (HT) and non-high throughput (non-HT) in the 802.11n. In this paper, we analyze and compare the energy efficiencies of different MAC behaviors in 802.11n based on the Bianchi model and our previous works [6] to evaluate the performance of the different MAC behaviors regarding HT and non-HT. Studies show that owing to the large power consumption in HT, it is not suitable for limited power devices to carry WWW traffics by MIMO transmissions. However, if large file transmissions by FTP are considered, the energy efficiency in HT MAC can be very high due to the large aggregated frame size. It is especially true when the number of active stations is large. Our works can indicate the mobile devices with limited battery endurance to reduce the energy consumption by the decision to enable HT mode or not for the transmission of data frames based on the cross-layer integration.
Process planning for small batch manufacturing of sheet metal parts

The paper describes process planning for order-based small batch sheet metal part manufacturing. In this domain, general purpose CNC machinery and standard tools are being used. An example of a process planning system is given and some areas of special interest are discussed in more detail. Process planning for sheet bending and tolerance reasoning are important and intricate tasks within process planning, whereas abstractions in design and nesting are important due to their relations with other manufacturing functions. In general, manufacturing functions tend to become increasingly intertwined and traditional boundaries become blurred. Sheet metal industries, customers and suppliers alike, can benefit from this.
Design of a Dielectric Dartboard Surface for RCS Reduction

This letter proposes a dielectric dartboard metasurface, which achieves broadband monostatic radar cross section (RCS) reduction and evenly bistatic scattering. Two types of dielectric elements with different permittivity are alternately arranged on a metallic plate as a dartboard structure. By choosing the thickness of the dielectric, the phase difference of 180° ± 37° between elements is obtained to meet the condition of phase cancellation for RCS reduction. Simulation results show that the design achieves 84% (4.5–11 GHz) fractional bandwidth of 10 dB monostatic RCS reduction and evenly distributed bistatic RCS pattern. We fabricated a prototype to verify this design, the measurement and simulation results are in good agreement.