Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peers Classification and Monitoring in a P2P System

In a peer-to-peer system, providing a service consumes peers resources and leads to the apparition of selfish peers keeping their resources for their own use. Selfish peers decrease or suspend their service offer while requesting services from others. This behavior overwhelms peers offering services and degrades the system performance. Incentive mechanisms reduce or eliminate selfishness and encourage collaboration. In this paper, we propose a peers’ classification based on their selfishness or contribution level according to which peers are sanctioned or rewarded. With this objective, we introduce a new parameter called the activity level of a peer. Moreover, we describe the architecture of an incentive mechanism that uses the previous classification for a monitoring component called the Activity Level Controller. We show how to couple the different components for an incentive mechanism and give the pseudo-code of each building block of the incentive mechanism. Simulations results show that the success rate of the active peers is much higher than that of the inactive peers and blacklisted peers. Also, the messages overhead is lower than in a system without incentive mechanism.
Energy-Aware Design of Vision-Based Autonomous Tracking and Landing of a UAV

In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of a vision-based algorithm for autonomous tracking and landing on a moving platform in varying environmental conditions. We use an energy-aware approach, where the design of the algorithm is based on an evaluation of the energy consumption and Quality of Service (QoS) of each computational component. We evaluate our approach with an agricultural use case where a moving platform is tracked using a landing marker and the YOLOv3-tiny CNN is used to detect ground-based hazards. We perform all computations onboard using an NVIDIA Jetson Nano and analyse the impact on the flight time by profiling the energy consumption of the marker detection and the CNN. Experiments are conducted in Gazebo simulation using an energy modeling tool to measure the computational energy cost as a function of QoS. We test the energy efficiency and robustness of our system in various dynamic wind disturbances. We show that the marker detection algorithm can be run at the highest QoS with only a marginal energy overhead whereas adapting the QoS level of CNN results in a considerable power saving. The power saving is significant for a system executing on a fixed-wing UAV.
A Method to Assess and Compare Proving Grounds in the Context of Automated Driving Systems

Automotive proving grounds currently face an increasing complexity in testing requirements, especially in the field of automated driving. Thus, the variety of necessary test infrastructure grows. This challenges proving ground operators to constantly satisfy the demand. Requirements are a quick adoption of existing test tracks including its facilities and enhancements of the test infrastructure portfolio. Commercial proving ground operators usually strive to provide a broad set of test tracks so their customers can conduct most tests at one location. Customer loyalty is a key success factor for proving ground operators. A sufficient variety of test tracks and test infrastructure is a lever for customer loyalty. This paper provides a method to measure the quotient of testing demand satisfaction for automated vehicles. This allows benchmarking with other proving grounds. Furthermore, this method can be used to identify gaps between the current portfolio and the demand. Afterwards, action plans can be generated in order to close these gaps.
Computer-aided Ischemic Stroke Classification from EEG Data Using a Single-tiered Spiking Neural Network Framework

Ischemic stroke is one of the most common cerebrovascular conditions, and constitutes a significant portion of global mortality rates. Early diagnoses are vital for successful recoveries, but with conventional diagnostic imaging techniques and computer systems, radiologists misdiagnose more than 20% of all ischemic strokes. AI methods have been developed for automated neurological disorder prediction using electroencephalographic (EEG) data, but artificial and recurrent classifiers have still seen mediocre performance. Spiking neural networks (SNNs), however, have demonstrated their capacity in personalized spatio-and spectro-temporal non-stationary time series data modeling and pattern recognition. This study developed a SNN model that can detect cerebral ischaemia from temporal EEG data with an accuracy of 94.45%, far exceeding the performance of traditional stroke models operating on computerized tomography data. The approach outlined also required a significantly low number of training samples, having been trained and evaluated on an EEG corpus with recordings from 46 stroke patients and 46 healthy individuals, in addition to being scalable to other neurodegenerative diseases and mental illnesses. Ultimately, the diagnostic precision of the SNN can be adapted in professional environments to replace or be in conjunction with other computerized medical systems to improve ischemic stroke prognosis and recovery.
谈“ethnoarchaeology”的译法及内涵

关于民族学与考古学的关系,近一时期争论一直较为激烈,译介性的和讨论性的文章发表的都不少,这反映了部分考古工作者对考古学在理论发展方面的关注和探索,但是我觉得不少人在有关概念的使用以及理解上还存在着混乱,因此我愿意提出一些自己的看法以就教于各位同仁并希望将这样的探讨推向深入. 首先谈谈“ethnoarchaeology”一词的译法. 目前较流行的有两种:一是“民族考古学”,二是“民族志考古学”. 无论是“民族考古学”还是“民族志考古学”,实际上均来自英语中“ethnoarchaeology”一词,“ethno”表示“人种”,“种族”、“民族”,因此,从词源学角度讲,“ethnoarchaeology”译为“民族考古学”是无可非议的. 不过,根据英语的构同法,“ethno”在“ethnoarchaeology”一词中至少可以表达三种意思:(1)“nation”的(民族的)或“race”的(种族的);(2)“ethnoarchaeology”(民族志的);(3)“ethnological”(民族学的),因此,“民族考古学”和“民族志考古学”究竟哪一种说法更为妥当,在此仅据词面意思是难以妄下断语的. 笔者曾与俞伟超先生就“ethnoarchaeology一词的译法交换过意见. 俞先生根据该词在英文著述中使用的具体语义背景以及他自己在工作、研究当中的心得,认为将“ethnoarchaeology”译为“民族学的
GROSS PRODUCTION VS. VALUE ADDED APPROACHES TO REGIONAL COMPARISONS OF SECTORAL GROWTH

This paper presents estimates of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of 13 manufacturing sectors for the 17 Spanish regions, using both a value added approach and a gross production approach. These estimates, which cover the period 1980-1992, differ greatly, as a theoretical decomposition shows, so that the choice between them really matter, being not a mere theoretical nicety. This finding suggests that the results of most recent empirical comparisons of regional and international productivities and growth at the sectoral level, perhaps with additional explanations as human capital an so, are probably biased. * Natalia Aldaz Dept. of Management and Natural Resource Economics ETSEA, Rovira Roure 157 Lleida 25198 Spain natalia @aegern.udl. es ** Joaquín A. Millán Dept. of Agricultural Economics ETSIA, Ciudad Universitaria Madrid 28040 Spain jmillan@eco.etsia. upm.es This research has been funded by SEC98-484 of the Spanish DGICYT.
Stream 1: Reshaping Management for Impact Competitive Reshaping Our Understanding of Unrelated Diversification Strategies: Lessons from Small Entrepreneurial Ventures in the Agri-Tourism Industry

This paper draws upon a cased-based empirical study that examined the success of small wineries that have pursued growth options that combined manufacturing (wine production) and service (lodging). Twenty-six case studies have been completed to date. Contrary to what the extant strategy literature predicts, this innovative combination of unrelated industries is achieving significant success and growth. We highlight the numerous management actions taken to achieve integration success and provide data and pattern analysis. We combine this with comments from the owner/managers to suggest future management research opportunities as it pertains to small, entrepreneurial oriented firms and their respective growth options.
GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND TISSUE LOCALIZATION OF THE MUTANT LINES EXPRESSION OF HKT1;3 GENE IN RICE UNDER SALT STRESS

In rice (Oryza sativa ‘Nipponbare’), the genes family HKT is composed of eight members. It encodes for Na+ transporters that play an important role in salt stress tolerance. Functional analysis, it has been determined that there is a wide diversity of these transporters in terms of their Na+/K+ selectivity and K+ affinity, in addition, plays an important role in reducing Na+ accumulation in shoots to cope with salt stress. This study focuses on one of these genes, yet to be characterized in literature: OsHKT1;3 (also known as HKT6). Using reverse genetics, the aim of this study is to determine the role of this gene during salt stress. In order to observe the expression of this gene in different organs of the plant, GUS transcriptional fusions were made, with GUS as the reporter gene. Then, using the CRISPRCAS9 method, previously, loss of function mutant lines were generated. Physiological test were made on effect of loss of function of OsHKT1;3 on Na+ and K+ accumulation in rice tissues during salt stress on different tissues (roots, sheath and leaf blade). The results obtained show that all mutants are homozygous, induce a frame shift and being present at the beginning of the gene (1st exon). OsHKT1;3::GUS showed strong GUS activity, expressed mainly in vascular tissues and did not show a significant difference in the expression with the NaCland water-treated parts. In contrast, the GUS activity of the OsHKT1;3 promoters in NaCl-treated leaves was greater than that in water-treated leaves. The results of this study show that in wild plants, increasing the Na+ concentration in the culture medium has the effect of increasing the Na+ content of the tissues generally, the old leaves accumulating more Na+. When the Na+ concentration increases, the K+ content decreases in roots and old leaves, but varies little in young leaves. Analysis of Na+ storage in tissues also shows that Na+ levels are higher in the lower parts of the leaf than in the upper parts. Analysis of Na+ storage in tissues also shows a Na+ in leaf blade more evenly distributed among the first leaves than in WT plants. Taken together, these results suggest that OsHKT1;3 gene plays a role in the accumulation of Na+ in old leaves.
Ranking Online User Reviews for Tourism Based on Usefulness

The growth of Web 2.0 services has lead to an increase in the volume of user-generated content in the form of online user reviews. Web platforms offering users the ability to evaluate the services of hotels have increased in popularity, as a large percentage of travellers offer their feedback or read hotel reviews to assist their decision making process. Users usually do not have time to go through the sheer volume of available hotel reviews and would prefer to read the most useful ones, whereas review usefulness is subjective and depends on the reader’s needs and preferences. Therefore, the need for automatically detecting hotel review helpfulness arises. In this paper, we propose the use of features that capture both textual content and review metadata for predicting hotel review helpfulness of Greek and English reviews. A novel approach for representing text as a word embeddings-based vector is introduced and review association with certain hotel service aspects is mapped. Evaluating the performance of our approach using Machine Learning and Neural classifiers yields promising results for the review helpfulness classification task.
Hard mode Spectroscopy: Experimental studies of structural phase transitions

Abstract The frequencies of phonons with energies well above those of corresponding soft modes depend on the evolution of the structural order parameter as a function of temperature, pressure or chemical composition. The relative changes of the phonon frequencies are usually below 2% of their total energies (hence “hard modes” in contrast to “soft modes”) which allows the treatment of the coupling between the phonon frequencies ω and the order parameter Q in perturbation theory The exponent m = 1, or 2 is determined by symmetry considerations. For modes which are optically active at T > Tc one finds B ≪ A in most cases. Similar correlations are given for the Raman scattering cross sections and the intensities of infrared absorption signals. The correlation length of hard modes is, in general, comparable with that of bond distances so that the order parameter is measured on an atomistic length scale. This property of Hard Mode Infrared Spectroscopy allows the quantitative investigation of short range order.
A Comparative Study between Plant and Callus Extracts: Analysis of Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties of Ormocarpum Sennoides (Willd.) DC

A comparative study was conducted between the in vivo grown plant and in vitro callus of Ormocarpum sennoides (Willd.) DC using aqueous, methanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. MS medium supplemented with BAP 2.0 mg/L + IAA 3.0 mg/L has shown the highest callus induction percentage of 86.7% with the maximum callus weight of 1.03g. Ormocarpum sennoides contains a maximum of 7% total ash. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the aqueous, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of both plant and callus showed the presence of many phytochemical compounds. FTIR analysis of plant and callus aqueous extract had a maximum characteristic band at 3403.18 cm -1 indicating the presence of O-H stretching and 3406.51 cm-1 indicating the presence of N-H stretching respectively. The GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of the plant indicates the presence of Alpha. -Methyl Mannofuranoside and Silane,[[(3.Beta.)-Gorgost-5-en-3-yl]oxy]Trimethyl-. Callus extract indicates the presence of D-Glucopyranoside, Methyl 3-O-Methyl, Ala-. Beta. -Ala, Trimethylsilyl ester and 4-Pentadecyne,15-chloro-. Plant extract exhibited maximum total phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity than callus extracts. Methanol and ethyl acetate plant showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 6 mm against Bacillus subtilis. While the ethyl acetate extract of both plant and callus showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 7mm against Escherichia coli. Aqueous extract of plant and callus showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 10mm and 9mm against Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Anticancer studies revealed that in vivo plant has the inhibitory percentage of 24.9% whereas callus exhibits only 9.3% as an inhibitory percentage against HeLa cells.
Gunboat Diplomacy Political Bias, Trade Policy, and War∗

Countries with deep trading relationships rarely ght wars with one another. Here, I develop a theory of trade, war, and political bias, in which both trade and war are endogenous objects. Governments can rectify poor market access conditions abroad through war and subsequent regime change, in which the victorious country installs a liberal “puppet” government abroad. Trade policy bargaining is therefore conducted “in the shadow of power,” with counterfactual wars shaping the policy choices that prevail in times of peace. When peace prevails, militarily weak countries are more open to trade than powerful ones, all else equal. Equilibrium trade policies balance domestic interests against military threats from abroad. War is less likely between liberal governments because they prefer less protectionist trade policies. As a result, trade ows and the probability of peace are positively correlated in equilibrium, even though trade does not cause peace. JEL Classi cation Codes: D72, D74, F13, F51, F52, F54 ∗Ph.D. candidate, Department of Politics, Princeton University. Previous versions of this paper were circulated under the titles “Trade Wars, Hot Wars, and the Commercial Peace” and “Trade Policy in the Shadow of Power. ” For helpful comments and discussions on earlier drafts of this paper, I thank Timm Betz, Adrien Bilal, Tyson Chatagnier, Rob Carroll, Andrew Coe, Noel Foster, Erik Gartzke, Kishore Gawande, Dan Gibbs, Joanne Gowa, Gene Grossman, Bobby Gulotty, Matias Iaryczower, Amanda Kennard, Colin Krainin, Melissa Lee, James Mao, Helen Milner, John Oneal, Kris Ramsay, Bryan Schonfeld, Brad Smith, Sondre Solstad, and Jack Zhang as well as audiences at Princeton’s Political Economy Graduate Colloquium, Princeton’s International Relations Graduate Seminar, Princeton’s Fellowship of Woodrow Wilson Scholars, the Midwest Political Science Association’s 2018 Annual Meeting, Southern Political Science Association’s 2019 Annual Meeting, and the International Studies Association’s 2019 Annual Meeting. †Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Politics, Princeton University
Route schematization with landmarks

: Modern navigation applications make use of a turn-by-turn instructions approach and are mostly supported by digital devices with limited display size. This combination does little to improve users’ orientation or spatial knowledge acquisition. Considering this limitation, we propose a route schematization method to facilitate the readability of route information and survey knowledge acquisition. Current schematization methods focus on the route path and ignore context information, specially polygonal landmarks such as lakes, parks, and regions, which is crucial for promoting orientation. Our schematization method, in addition to the route path, takes as input: adjacent streets, point-like landmarks, and polygonal landmarks. Moreover, the schematic layout highlights spatial relations be-tween route and context information, improves the readability of turns at decision points, and the visibility of the surroundings. The focus of the paper is the schematization method that combines geometric transformations and integer linear programming to produce the maps. Two routes are used as examples to present the execution information and the outputs. We complement our results with a user study that indicates a preference for our schematic layout in matching textual route instructions. The contribution of this paper is a method that produces schematic route maps with context information to support the user in wayﬁnding and orientation.
Object Permanence in 3 1/2- and 4 1/2-Month-Old Infants

These experiments tested object permanence in 3 1/2and 4 l/2-month-old infants. The method used in the experiments was similar to that used by Baillargeon, Spelke, and Wasserman (1985). The infants were habituated to a solid screen that rotated back and forth through a 180* arc, in the manner of a drawbridge. Following habituation, a box was placed behind the screen and the infants were shown two test events. In one (possible event), the screen rotated until it reached the occluded box; in the other (impossible event), the screen rotated through a full 180" arc, as though the box were no longer behind it. The 4 l/2-month-olds, and the 3 V2-month-olds who were fast habituators, looked reliably longer at the impossible than at the possible event, suggesting that they understood that (a) the box continued to exist after it was occluded by the screen and (b) the screen could not rotate through the space occupied by the occluded box. Control experiments conducted without the box supported this interpretation. The results of these experiments call into serious question Piaget's (1954) claims about the age at which object permanence emerges and about the processes responsible for its emergence.
Disparity map production:

Vieira, Gabriel da Silva. Disparity map production: an architectural proposal and a refinement method design. Goiânia, 2018. 81p. MSc. Dissertation. Instituto de Informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás. Disparity maps are key components of a stereo vision system. Autonomous navigation, 3D reconstruction, and mobility are examples of areas of research which use disparity maps as an important element. Although a lot of work has been done in the stereo vision field, it is not easy to build stereo systems with concepts such as reuse and extensible scope. In this study, we explore this gap and it presents a software architecture that can accommodate different stereo methods through a standard structure. Firstly, it introduces some scenarios that illustrate use cases of disparity maps and it shows a novel architecture that foments code reuse. A Disparity Computation Framework (DCF) is presented and we discuss how its components are structured. Then we developed a prototype which closely follows the proposed architecture and we prepared some test cases to be performed. Furthermore, we have implemented disparity methods for validation purposes and to evaluate our disparity refinement method. This refinement method, named as Segmented Consistency Check (SCC), was designed to increase the robustness of stereo matching algorithms. It consists of a segmentation process, statistical analysis of grouping areas and a support weighted function to find and to fill in unknown disparities. The experimental results show that the DCF can satisfy different scenarios on-demand. Besides, they show that SCC method is an efficient approach that can make some enhancements in disparity maps, as reducing the disparity error measure.
Classmate PC and OLPC Education project Vs. Laptop project

This paper describes the problem of computing technology marginalization in the developing countries, the participation gap and the different projects that have been created in order to solve the marginalization problem. By exploring two projects: the Classmate PC and the OLPC, their learning theories, educational goals and the technical differences between them this paper will determinate which one is an education-oriented project and which one is a laptop-sales oriented project.
Intraspecific variability of leaf traits and functional strategy of Himantoglossum adriaticum H. Baumann

Trait-based studies have become extremely common in plant ecology. In this work we analysed intraspecific trait variation of Himantoglossum adriaticum, a European endemic orchid species of Community interest, to investigate whether different populations growing on managed and abandoned semi-natural dry grasslands show differences in the CSR strategy. In seven populations occurring in Veneto Region (NE Italy), we measured H. adriaticum maximum vegetative height, leaf traits (LA, LDMC, SLA) and calculated the CSR strategy. Through CCA we investigated the relationship between plant traits and both plant community attributes (cover and height of herbs and shrubs), and geomorphologic features (aspects and slope). PERMANOVA test was used to investigate if the CSR strategy of H. adriaticum varied according to the management regime. Results showed that individuals of H. adriaticum develop different strategies when growing in different habitats. Specifically, individuals growing in managed fully sunny dry grasslands reached higher vegetative height (MH), had lower values of SLA and a higher relative contribution of the C parameter than individuals growing in abandoned dry grasslands, which, on the contrary, were shorter, had higher values of SLA (and correspondingly lower values of LDMC) and a higher relative contribution of the R parameter. Further data on reproductive traits (e.g. fruit and seed-set) may corroborate our results. Although the number of individuals addressed in this study is rather low, and our conclusions may not be considered of general validity for the species, our study demonstrated the applicability of the CSR strategy scheme in detecting functional strategies at intraspecific level.