Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ffects of adding protein , condensed tannins , and polyethylene glycol o diets of sheep and goats fed one-seed juniper and low quality oughage antiago

The biochemical mechanisms that limit voluntary intake of one-seed juniper by browsing ruminants are not well understood. Twelve Rambouillet ewes (78 ± 2.3 kg BW) and 12 Boer-Spanish does (54 ± 1.4 kg BW) were used in a split-plot sequence design to investigate the effects of adding protein, quebracho tannins (QTs), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on one-seed juniper intake and preference and on ruminal VFA and plasma AA concentrations. Animals received sudangrass hay and isoenergetic basal diets (4 does and 4 ewes/diet) with either rumen degradable (RDP) or rumen undegradable (RUP) protein (12.5% CP) or no additional protein (control, 5% CP) during four 15-d periods. The control, RDP, and RUP diets were considered the main plot, whereas the four supplement treatments were analyzed as the split-plot effects. Period 1 allowed for adaptation to basal diets and served as a baseline phase. In periods 2–4, animals were offered juniper leaves and twigs (period 2), juniper plus QT (10% of basal diet; period 3), and juniper plus QT plus PEG (50 g/animal; period 4). Juniper intake by sheep and goats was not affected (P > 0.88) by RDP or RUP when animals were first exposed to juniper, but marginally increased (P < 0.10) in period 4 (QT + PEG) regardless of the basal diet. Prior exposure to juniper did not affect (P = 0.61) the preference ratio for juniper, but goats had higher preference ratio for juniper (P < 0.01) when receiving PEG (period 4). Concentrations of total VFA tended to increase in sheep (P = 0.10) and goats (P = 0.14) fed protein supplements and molar proportions shifted toward acetate for goats fed RDP and RUP (P = 0.07) and to butyrate for sheep fed RDP (P = 0.01). Initial juniper exposure (period 2) elevated concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate (P < 0.01), but the effect was extinguished in periods 3 and 4 with addition of QT (P < 0.05). Supplementation with PEG transiently mitigated the depressor effect of QT on acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentration at 12 h post juniper feeding (P < 0.01). RDP in goats and to a greater extent RUP in sheep increased plasma concentrations of various AA, especially the branched chained Val, Ile, and Leu (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of several AA, including Met, Cyst, Glu, Gly, Gln, Asn, Thr, Ser, and Phe, decreased with ingestion of juniper (period 2) and juniper plus QT (period 3). Concentrations of some AA that were depressed by ingestion of juniper and QT we terpenes, tannins, and PEG related to intake of junipe ∗ Corresponding author. Tel. : +1 575 646 4342; fax: +1 575 646 5441. E-mail address: acibils@nmsu.edu (A.F. Cibils). 921-4488/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.smallrumres. 2012.09. 006 re partially restored with supplemental PEG (P < 0.05). Protein, interacted to influence rumen VFA and plasma AA, which were r and basal diets. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. minant R S.A. Utsumi et al. / Small Ru
Emotion Regulation, Language Ability, and the Stability of Preschool Children's Peer Play Behavior

Research Findings: This study examined the stability of preschoolers' peer play behavior across the school year and the relations between emotion regulation, receptive vocabulary, and the trajectory of social competence deficits. Participants were 331 preschool children attending Head Start; they were primarily African American and from a low-SES background. Peer play behavior was moderately stable from fall to spring. Analyses revealed that emotional lability in the fall was associated with consistently maladaptive and declining social competence. Furthermore, children who exhibited stable maladaptive behavior had lower receptive language skills and emotion regulation in the fall than children who exhibited consistently adaptive behavior. Preschool children with comorbid externalizing and internalizing behaviors during peer play were at the greatest risk for consistent peer play difficulties or declining social competence over the course of the year compared to their peers. Practice: The present study informs practices for identifying at-risk preschoolers shortly after entry into an early education experience. Moreover, the findings suggest that without effective interventions, those at-risk children are likely to exhibit consistently poor social competence over time. Implications for the use of early intervention and prevention targeting specific behavioral and peer problems are discussed.
Probabilidades Intervalares em Modelos Ocultos de Markov

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre modelos ocultos de Markov onde as probabilidades consideradas sao representadas por intervalos. Utilizando-se tecnicas daMatematica Intervalar, foram desenvolvidos algoritmos intervalares para os problemas relacionados a esses modelos (Problema da Avaliacao, Problema da Decodificacao e Problema da Estimacao de Parâmetros). Apresentam-se versoes intervalares para os algoritmos Forward, Backward, Viterbi e Baum Welch. As implementa coes foram realizadas utilizando-se o toolbox Intlab para a Matematica Intervalar, no ambiente Matlab. Exemplos de aplicacoes sao apresentados, mostrando-se a validade dos algoritmos desenvolvidos.
Multilevel Diffuser Augmented for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

Indonesia is an area with the low and fluctuating wind speed. Therefore, the implementation of the wind turbine to generate electricity become ineffective and economically unprofitable. Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine (DAWT) is the augmentation technology in wind turbine which could increase wind speed flow that arrives on the turbine blade. The working principle of the diffuser is to create a difference in pressure inside and outside the diffuser. The pressure inside the diffuser is lower than the pressure outside so that the wind will be accelerated into the diffuser and wind speed will dramatically increase at the inlet of the diffuser. This study will be presenting a modified design of diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT) by designing multilevel diffuser with additional inlet curvature and flange. This research aims to evaluate the amplification of flow velocity profile around the diffuser that has been engineered. The numerical study is performed using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) to obtain the highest ratio of speed increment. The verification of numerical initial condition is validated by comparing the result of validation with experimental data available in the literature. The result shows that a ratio of increase in speed is 2.08 times higher than conventional wind turbine over 4 m/s inlet velocity. In the equation of a wind power output, the wind speed is proportional to the cubic power of its wind power output. Therefore, the utilization of dual-stage diffuser device in wind turbine would give significant increment on the power output of wind turbine.
Biodiesel Production from Oils Extracted from Date Pits

Biodiesel production had received a considerable attention as a green, non-toxic and renewable alternative to petroleum diesel. To avoid using vegetable oils, which are expensive and compete with food, as feedstock, waste oils have been proposed. However, these waste materials contain a large amount of free fatty acids that complicates the production process. In this work, biodiesel production using an alternative feedstock; namely oils from date-pits, has been investigated. These oils have the same favorable features of straight oils, and at the same time are considered waste, since they are extracted from a waste material. The yield of oils extracted using n-hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus was compared to that of oils extracted using methanol-chloroform solvent mixture. The extracted oils were then converted to biodiesel via transesterification with methanol in presence of Novozym𪥣 or Eversa®Transform. The highest oils extraction yield of 11.7%, per dry weight sample, was obtained using Soxhlet extraction apparatus compared to 8.9% using methanol-chloroform mixture. The highest biodiesel production yield was 30% of the oil used, achieved after 6 hours using Novozym𪥣 at 40°C, 5:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 10wt% enzyme loading. By using a chemical alkaline catalyst, NaOH, at the same conditions, the yield was 27%.
INCREASING THE LEVEL OF SUSTAINABILITY VIA OFF-SITE PRODUCTION A study of the residential construction sector in China

Even though the use of off-site production in the construction process for residential buildings is seen as a viable means of increasing the level of sustainability with respects to its significant economic, environmental and social contributions, there have been very few studies to-date into off-site construction within the context of developing countries where the places have crucial demands for accommodations. Accordingly this research involves the rapidly growing developing nation, China, as a representative developing country with the objective to investigate the current status of off-site practices in the urban residential construction sector. This paper also examines the factors affecting demand for and potential barriers against a wider uptake of off-site technologies in China. The findings provide a rare insight into off-site construction in China’s housing industry and this information will be transferable to other developing countries. This study also contributes to a broader understanding about the off-site construction in developing from an international perspective.
Therapeutic Intervention in Acute Ischemic Stroke: a Paradigm Shift

Strokes are classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic. Acute ischemic strokes (AIS) are more common than hemorrhagic and they refer to thrombosis or embolism. They are classified into large artery infarctions, small vessel or lacunar infarctions and cardioembolic infarctions. As timely restoration of blood flow (reperfusion) using thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous intervention is the key and most effective strategy for salvaging ischemic myocardial tissue in acute myocardial infarction, the same principle applies to AIS. There is a narrow therapeutic window during which this can be accomplished, since the benefit of reperfusion continually decreases over time. During the acute phase of ischemia, be it myocardial or cerebral, a rapid determination and triaging of patients who are eligible for reperfusion is key to the success of such a salvaging strategy (. excerpt)
Consequences of Protected Areas for Forest Extraction and Human Well-being: Evidence from Nepal

Forest protected areas are mostly located in developing countries, where forests are a main source of the traditional rural livelihood. This creates potential for conflict between local communities and biodiversity conservation. To explore this issue, we examine the case of forest protected areas (PAs) in Nepal. In the period of 1995-2003, the Nepalese government established several new protected areas (PAs) throughout the country. Using Nepal Living Standard Survey collected in 1995/1996 and 2003/2004, we evaluate the effects of these new PAs on household consumption and wood-collection effort by combining differences across regions with differences across time. The estimates suggest that the PA establishment has reduced average forest-good consumption by almost 30% to 70% compared to the pre-establishment period and this decrease has not translated into a larger market participation in fuel purchase. However, as described in previous literature, the estimates on welfare variable (in terms of per-capita consumption expenditure) does not suggest spillover impacts on the households from PA-based ecotourism industry in the study period. The paper also explores whether protected areas could be affecting households in other ways, such as by migration or inducing changes in labor supply.
Multiple Description Coding of Flash Video based on Adaptive Allocation of DCT Coefficients

Abstract—In this paper, we propose a method for multipledescription coding (MDC) of Flash Video stream (FLV). Ourtarget codec of FLV is Sorenson H.263. Conventional MDCmethods had disadvantages that they required large redundancy.We proposed a method that considers “patterns” of a macroblock,and it changes how to treat DCT coefﬁcients of a macroblockaccording to the pattern. As an experimental result, we couldreduce redundancy of the encoded stream while keeping the videoquality. I. I NTRODUCTION Video streaming services such as YouTube become moreand more popular. Most of these services are based on FlashVideo, which can be viewed using a web browser because theﬂash viewer is provided as a plug-in of major web browsers.Current implementation of Flash Video is based on TCP,which automatically retransmits the lost packets. Althoughcommunication using the TCP is reliable, there are twodrawbacks when using it as a communication protocol of videostreaming. One is that the TCP is not suitable for real-timecommunication, because we cannot control or predict intervalof packets because of packet re-transmissions. The other oneis that the TCP is not suitable for broadcasting. As the TCPis a protocol for one-to-one transmission, there must be asmany connections as the number of clients when broadcastingvideo. This causes severe server load when broadcasting videoto thousands of clients simultaneously.One solution of these problems is to use the RTP as atransmission protocol instead of the TCP. As the RTP doesnot re-submit lost packet, interval of received packets roughlycoincides that of the sent packets[1]. Moreover, we can usemulticast for sending the video stream to many clients, wherethe server send just one stream for delivering video.On using the RTP as a transmission protocol, we haveto consider how to deal with packet losses. As the UDP orRTP does not re-transmit the lost packet, the application mustconceal the packet losses so that quality of the signal doesnot severely degrade. Various methods for concealing packetlosses have been proposed so far [2]. Multiple description cod-ing is one of the methods for packet loss concealment, whichenables high-quality packet loss concealment with relativelysmall amount of side information [3]. In this paper, we describe a new multiple description codingmethod for Flash Video stream. Our target is an FLV streamencoded with Sorenson H.263 codec, and the bitstream is
Mobility coefficients in the systems of magnetic dipolar particles

In this paper, we present our first results on the mobility coefficients in the systems of magnetic dipolar particles. In our study, we investigate the influence of chain formation and polydispersity of particles on self-diffusion. The work is purely theoretical and combines direct calculations with the density functional approach to calculate equilibrium densities of chains. We study mainly bulk systems. It is shown that the formation of chains leads to the average decrease of mobility in monodisperse systems, but in the case of bidisperse particle size distribution, the particle mobility becomes a function of the fractional composition. The mobility coefficients obtained here are important for calculating the diffusion coefficients in case of gradient-induced diffusion (be that of the field or density gradient) in magnetic fluids with chain aggregates.
Rationaliy and Utility of Evaluation Reseach in Policy Making

In this article, the author explores the issues associated with the practical signiﬁ cance of evaluation research in the policy making environment of Latvia. Sporadic, selective and rare use of the results of evaluation research is viewed as the central issue of the paper. The objective of this article is to reveal the connection between the action strategy of the groups involved in the implementation of evaluation research and manifestations of practical signiﬁ cance of evaluation. Implementation, utilisation and practical importance of evaluation research are examined not only in relation to rational action strategies of the groups, but also in relation to the understanding of the concept of practical signiﬁ cance of evaluation research. The theoretical framework of the article is based on the conceptual understanding of J. Habermas’ purposive rationality and communicative rationality, as well as C. H. Weiss’ understanding of practical utilisation of evaluation (the instrumental and enlightened models). The practical importance of evaluation research as well as action strategies of implementing evaluation research are studied empirically in the form of qualitative interviews. The author concludes that the rational action strategy (typical of the Latvian policy making environment) of the groups involved in evaluation is not readily compatible with the evaluation approach that focuses on practical utilisation. The lack of communicative rationality in the action strategy of the interacting and involved groups substantially diminishes the role of evaluation research in the identiﬁ cation and implementation of the most eﬀ ective models of solving social issues in policy making in Latvia.
Leveraging User Feedback for Automated Web Page Inline Linking

In this paper we propose and test a system that indexes a large collection of HTML documents (i.e. an entire web site) and automatically generates context-relevant inline text links between pairs of related documents (i.e. web pages). The goal of the system is threefold: to increase user interaction with the site being browsed, to discover relevant keywords for each document, and to effectively cluster the documents into semantically-significant groupings. The quality of the links is improved over time through passive user feedback collection. Our system can be deployed as a web service and has been tested on offline datasets as well as a live web site. A distinctive feature of our system is that it supports datasets that grow or change over time.
The Diagnostic Value of H Formula to Predict Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Infectious Diseases

The ability to identify patients with risk of mortality in the initial stages allows us to introduce a more aggressive treatment in order to improve patients’ survival. In this study, we used systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, respiratory and heart rate per minute, and consciousness level [(Glasgow coma scale (GCS)] to develop a formula to predict death in patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases ward of Imam Reza hospital. Methods: This descriptive study was a cross sectional study done in the Infectious Diseases ward of Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Alive and dead patients between the dates September 1, 2006 to September 1, 2007 were studied. In this study, data such as past medical history, prescribed drugs and their administration by nursing and medical staff was extracted from patients’ files. Also, the time of death, the first vital signs recorded in the hospital and the formula H = (PR + RR) - GCS (respiratory rate per minute plus heart rate per minute minus Glasgow coma scale (GCS)) was calculated for both alive and dead patients. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Mann-Whitney test, Roc Curve, and logistic regression model were used for data analysis. Results: The total number of admitted patients was 1007 of whom 90 (10.82%) died. One patient was excluded from the study. Out of 90 dead patients, 51 (56.6%) were male and 39 (43.3%) were female. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the gender (P > 0.05). The mean age of the study group (deceased) was 59 ± 21 and the mean age of the control group (alive) was 58 ± 21. The Mann-Whitney test showed that the result of H Formula was significantly different between the two groups, (126 ± 26 for the study group and 111 ± 22 for the control group). The cutoff for H Formula was equal to 112.5. Negative and positive predictive values, specificity and sensitivity were 0.85, 0.35, 0.57, and 0.70 respectively. Logistic regression results show that the H index contents independently affected the mortality of infected patients. Conclusion: With regard to the importance of measuring vital signs in diagnosis and determining the mortality in patients with infectious disease, the H (Heydari) formula can be valuable for evaluation and determination of mortality risk and consequently, early intervention. Patients with severe tachycardia, severe tachypnea and altered mental status that cannot be properly and quickly improved within 2 hours after admission via hydration and other measures are at higher risk of mortality.
EFFECT OF ENGINE SPEED ON IN-CYLINDER TUMBLE FLOWS IN A MOTORED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION USING PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY

Now-a-days, the stratified and direct injection spark ignition engines are becoming very popular because of their low fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. But, the challenges to them are the formation and control of the charge which is mainly dependent on the in-cylinder fluid flows. Today, an optical tool like particle image velocimetry (PIV) is extensively used for the in-cylinder fluid flow measurements. This paper deals with the experimental investigations of the in-cylinder fluid tumble flows in a motored internal combustion engine with a flat piston at different engine speeds during intake and compression strokes using PIV. The two-dimensional in-cylinder flow measurements and analysis of tumble flows have been carried out in the combustion space on a vertical plane at the cylinder axis. To analyze the fluid flows, ensemble average velocity vectors have been used. To characterize the tumble flow, tumble ratio has been estimated. From the results, it is found that the tumble ratio mainly varies with crank angle positions. At the end of compression stroke, maximum turbulent kinetic energy is more at higher engine speeds. Present study will be very useful in understanding the effect of engine speeds on the in-cylinder fluid tumble flows under real engine conditions.
ELECTRO-OPTIC SPECTRAL DECODING FOR SINGLE-SHOT CHARACTERISATION OF THE COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION PULSES AT FLASH

We report preliminary single-shot electro-optic spectral decoding (EOSD) measurements of coherent transition radiation (CTR) pulses, generated by the electron bunches of the free-electron laser (FLASH) at DESY, Hamburg. The THz radiation is transported through a 20 m long beam-line from the accelerator tunnel to an experimental station outside. The measurements are performed in vacuum with a 0.5 mm ZnTe crystal in crossed-polarizer and near crossed-polarizer detection schemes. Pulses with complex structure and sharp peaks have been detected. The different components have full width at half maximum in the range 400-900 fs.
A redshift-observation time relation for gamma-ray bursts: evidence of a distinct subluminous population

We show that the redshift and peak flux distributions of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have an observation time dependence that can be used to discriminate between different burst populations. We demonstrate how observation time relations can be derived from the standard integral distributions and that they can differentiate between GRB populations detected by both the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) and Swift satellites. Using Swift data, we show that a redshift–observation time relation (log Z –l ogT ) is consistent with both a peak flux–observation time relation (log P –l ogT ) and a standard log N –l ogP brightness distribution. As the method depends only on rarer small-z events, it is invariant to high-z selection effects. We use the log Z –l ogT relation to show that subluminous GRBs are a distinct population occurring at a higher rate of the order of 150 +180 Gpc −3 yr −1 . Our analysis suggests that GRB 060505 – a relatively nearby GRB observed without any associated supernova – is consistent with a subluminous population of bursts. Finally, we show that our relations can be used as a consistency test for some of the proposed GRB spectral energy correlations.