Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation in the composition and diversity of ground-layer herbs and shrubs in unburnt and burnt landscapes

Abstract: Forest fires pose an important threat to tropical rain-forest biodiversity. In the present study, we assessed ground layer (herb and shrub) communities in six differentially disturbed landscape plots in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, including primary and logged forest and once-, twice- and frequently-burnt forest. Overall, we recorded 175 species of herbs and shrubs; richness was highest in twice-burnt forest and lowest in logged forest. Vegetation and topographical variables including the percentage of the plot burnt and tree abundance were significant predictors of variation in composition. The main compositional gradient showed a clear distinction between subplots in unburnt versus burnt forest. A subset of subplots in burnt forest, however, clustered together with subplots from unburnt forest. These plots were located in a network of relatively unscathed forest along floodplains that persisted in the burnt-forest matrix. Small plant species associated with unburnt forest included several species of Dryopteridaceae, Marantaceae and Rubiaceae. Species associated with once- and twice-burnt forest included Mikania scandens (Compositae), Microlepia speluncae (Dennstaedtiaceae), Nephrolepis cf. biserrata (Nephrolepidaceae), Lygodium microphyllum (Schizaeaceae) and Hornstedtia cf. reticulata (Zingiberaceae). The frequently-burnt landscape plot was characterized by a high cover of the grass species Imperata cylindrica and the invasive exotic shrub Chromolaena odorata. Importantly, these species and other exotics had also invaded the once- and twice-burnt forest and represent a potential threat to forest recovery.
Non‐invasive measurement of metabolic rates in wild, free‐living birds using doubly labelled water

DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology; National Research Foundation of South Africa, Grant/Award Number: 110506; Universities of Cambridge and Zurich; MAVA Foundation, ERC, Grant/Award Number: 294494; University of Pretoria; The Oppenheimer Memorial Trust, Grant/Award Number: OMT 20747/01
The chemistry of anesthesia

chemistry of anesthesia What to say and what to do when mostly your friends love reading? Are you the one that don't have such hobby? So, it's important for you to start having that hobby. You know, reading is not the force. We're sure that reading will lead you to join in better concept of life. Reading will be a positive activity to do every time. And do you know our friends become fans of chemistry of anesthesia as the best book to read? Yeah, it's neither an obligation nor order. It is the referred book that will not make you feel disappointed.
Cyclin A triggers Mitosis either via Greatwall or Cyclin B

Two mitotic Cyclins, A and B, exist in higher eukaryotes, but their specialised functions in mitosis are poorly understood. Using degron tags we analyse how acute depletion of these proteins affects mitosis. Loss of Cyclin A in G2-phase prevents the initial activation of Cdk1. Cells lacking Cyclin B can enter mitosis and phosphorylate most mitotic proteins, because of parallel PP2A:B55 phos-phatase inactivation by Greatwall kinase. The final barrier to mitotic establishment corresponds to nuclear envelope breakdown that requires a decisive shift in the balance of Cdk1 and PP2A:B55 activity. Beyond this point Cyclin B/Cdk1 is essential to phosphorylate a distinct subset mitotic Cdk1 substrates that are essential to complete cell division. Our results identify how Cyclin A, B and Greatwall coordinate mitotic progression by increasing levels of Cdk1-dependent substrate phos-phorylation.
Etablissement d'une culture primaire de cellules cardiaques de palourde - Utilisation du bioessai pour évaluer l'impact d'une phycotoxine, l'acide okadaïque

RESUME. Des cultures primaires de cellules cardiaques de palourde, Ruditapes decussatus, ont ete etablies au cours de cette etude. Parmi la population de cellules adherentes, des cardiomyocytes, spontanement contractiles in vitro, ont ete caracterises par immunomarquage et par leurs proprietes electrophysiologiques. Ces primocultures ont ete utilisees comme modele experimental pour evaluer l’effet d’une toxine algale, l’acide okadaique (AO), sur la viabilite cellulaire estimee par le test MTT, sur les caracteristiques electrophysiologiques des cardiomyocytes etudiees par patch clamp et sur l’activation de la voie des MAP kinases P38 evaluee par technique ELISA. Les resultats obtenus montrent que l’AO, jusqu'a la concentration de 1000nM, n’a pas d’effet cytotoxique, apres 24h de contact. En revanche, ce compose induit une augmentation des courants calciques entrants et une activation de P38, ce qui pourrait expliquer son absence de toxicite a l’egard des cellules cardiaques de palourde. Cette etude demontre l’interet des cultures primaires de cellules cardiaques de palourde comme methode alternative pour evaluer les effets de xenobiotiques du milieu marin.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Schiff base Cu(II) Complexes: Antimicrobial and Molecular docking Studies

N2O2 type complexes of C+2uion have been synthesized by the reaction of Salicylaldehyde/ 3,4-diaminobenzophenone/ acetyl acetoneand glutaric anhydride. The ligands and respective metal complexes was established through spectroscopic data (FT-IR, UV-Vis,1H NMR and 13C NMR). They are non-electrolytic in nature as their molar conductivities (ΛM) in DMSO of 10-3 M solution from the EPR study the complexes proposed to be octahedral geometry. All the metal complexes have been screened for their antibacterial activity andthe predicted binding affinity using molecular docking studies.
Two new species of the genus Echinopla Smith, 1857 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Thailand

1) Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140 Thailand. Corresponding author. E-mail: fagrmtk@ku.ac. th 2) 2nd Zoological Department, Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria. 3) Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Wang Nam Khiao, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30370 Thailand. 4) Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Technopolis, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand.
Temporal differentiation in environmental niche modeling of Nearctic narrow-winged damselflies (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)

Narrow-winged damselflies (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) can be observed in a variety of habitats, by both professional collectors and amateur odonatologists. Their abundance and ease of recognition has resulted in a large amount of occurrence data, which can be used to establish species distribution maps through environmental niche modeling. Distributional models often aim to maximize the quantity of occurrence points and environmental variables to relate to the distribution, neglecting both the quality and overlap of these two datasets when generating the models. In order to examine the effects of temporal data and environmental variables influencing change in species distributions, we used occurrence data for twelve species of Coenagrionidae damselflies to generate niche models separated by time periods of specimen collection. Our study examines environmental niche models generated for four time periods for each of these coenagrionid species: Amphiagrion abbreivatum (Selys,1876), Enallagma civile (Hagen,1861), Chromagrion conditum (Hagen in Selys, 1876), Nehalennia gracilis Morse, 1895, Enallagma hageni (Walsh, 1863), Hesperagrion heterodoxum (Selys, 1868), Nehalennia irene (Hagen, 1861), Argia moesta (Hagen, 1861), Ischnura ramburii (Selys, 1850), Argia tibialis (Rambur, 1842), Argia translata Hagen in Selys, 1865, and Argia vivida Hagen in Selys, 1865. The best supported models in each analysis were generated with occurrences of specimens collected from the 1970s to 2000s, and we used occurrence data outside of this range, from the 1800s to 2017, to compare the consistency of model predictions based on specimens of different time periods. In this approach, combining traditional environmental niche modeling and analysis of the specimen records themselves, we have found that ranges for narrow-winged damselflies expand over time, with increase in distributional coverage and decrease in model strength without temporal overlap between occurrences and environmental variables.
Abdominal B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography of chemically restrained agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831)

Pessoa G.T. , Sousa F.C. A. , Rodrigues R.P.S. , Moura L.S. , Sanches M.P., Ambrósio C.E. , Silva A.B. S & Alves F.R. 2018. Abdominal B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography of chemically restrained agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38(4):785-793. Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portela, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil. E-mail: flavioribeiro@ufpi.edu. br Agoutis are small-sized wild animals whose body weight can reach up to 4kg, and are found throughout Brazil. They are considered important seed dispersers, especially for big trees and there are species that rely almost exclusively on these animals for their territorial distribution. The objective of the present study was B scan and Doppler ultrasound characterization of the abdominal organs of healthy agoutis reared in captivity. Fifteen agoutis, chemically restrained, were used from the Nucleus for Wild Animal Studies and Conservation (Núcleo de Estudos e Preservação de Animais Silvestres NEPAS), CCA-UFPI, submitted to B scan and Doppler ultrasound examination. The urinary bladder wall was hyperechogenic, thin, smooth and regular throughout its anatomic path, with 0.09±0.03cm mean thickness. The kidneys showed fine and homogeneous echotexture, preserved global echogenicity, hyperechogenic in relation to the spleen and isoechogenic or discreetly hyperechogenic in relation to the liver. The spectral Doppler trace showed systolic and diastolic peaks, wide and thread-like, with low flow resistance and a continuous and full diastolic portion that decreased gradually during the diastole (75.83±1.42cm/s, for the right kidney and 80.43±1.22cm/s, for the left kidney). The right adrenal gland was 0.61-1.18cm long and 0.17-0.32cm in diameter, while the left adrenal gland was 0.62-1.16 long with 0.14-0.25cm diameter. The agouti spleen was filiform in shape, with pointed poles and 1.02±0.18cm in diameter. The agouti liver occupied all the abdominal cavity cranial space in direct contact with the diaphragm. The intrahepatic vascular flow allowed individualization of the portal vein (PV) and hepatic vein (HV). The portal veins were distinguished from the hepatic veins mainly by their wall echogenic pattern. The pancreas was 0.51±0.1 cm thick and the pancreatic duct measured 0.12±0.02cm. The stomach was placed to the left the spleen and to the right of the proximal intestine and the transversal colon and the walls were 0.16±0.05cm thick. The abdominal aorta was 0.43±0.04cm in diameter and showed 95.2±2.16cm/s vascular flow. This study characterized agouti organs and abdominal blood vessels by B scan and Doppler ultrasound, that permitted definition of the size, shape, position, echogenicity and echotexture of the anatomic constituents and established reference values for the vascular network and blood flow in the species.
Seasonal fluctuations of Rotifera in a tropical lake in Amazonia (Acre River floodplain, Brazil)

Background: The tropics are centers of high biodiversity of Rotifera that are highly variable and abundant. They play a key role since they are a link in the interaction network with members of other communities. Temporal changes in the community structure of the Rotifera assemblage is related to hydrologic phases. Goals: In this study, we focus on testing the hypothesis that the seasonal changes in alpha diversity and abundance (standing stocks) of Rotifera (Monogononta), considering also limnological variables, are mainly related to rainfall patterns. We consider four seasons based on rainfall: rainy, very rainy, dry, and very dry. Methods: Between 2008 and 2009, rotifers were sampled monthly with a plankton net in qualitative and quantitative sampling, and seven limnological variables were recorded at three sampling stations along Lake Amapa. Results: We found approximately 23% of all Rotifera listed for the Amazonia. The high Menhinick index revealed a high species dominance, except in the rainy season. The Shannon index did not show a greater distribution of organisms (0.3844 to 0.8886) independent of the layer and time season. In general, the equability index showed that all species were equally abundant in all seasons, with higher values at the surface and in the middle of the water column. The limnological variables also showed differences between all seasons in at least a layer of the water column. Conclusions: The seasons influenced the fluctuations in the communities of Rotifera of Lake Amapa, which led to a different species distribution pattern over time.
Anthropometry and Body Composition of Adolescents in Macedonia

The aim of this research was to determine the level of adiposity and obesity among Macedonian adolescents and to compare the results with previous studies conducted in this population, as well as those conducted in other populations. The sample included 2390 adolescents from four urban different regions of R. Macedonia aged between 11 to 18 years; 1238 males and 1152 females. Weight, height, waist, and hip circumference (WC, HC) as well as triceps, calf, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold t hic ness (SFT) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), subscapular/triceps skinfol d ratio (STR), and percentage body fat were computed. The prevalence of overweight and obesity defined by the IOTF children growt h reference were calculated and age-dependent and gender-specific smoothed percentile curves for BMI and ROC curves were generate d. The boys have statistically significantly higher values of WC, WHR and WHtR in all adult categories (except WHtR at 18 years ol d), greater body weight at the age of 12 to 18, and body weight 13 to 18 years (p<0.001). Weight, height and BMI are increasing wit h age in both, boys and girls, and decreases in girls. The level of adiposity of Macedonian adolescents has increased over the past 20 y ears nd has reached the level of developed countries that face an obesity epidemic.
Task-Level Time-Optimal Machining Path Planning for Grinding Manipulators

A computational framework that can plan the task-level time-optimal machining path (TOMP) of grinding manipulators is constructed based on an improved simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. When there are multiple discrete non-interconnected grinding areas on the workpiece surface that need to be polished by the grinding manipulators, the planning of TOMP for a given grinding task is important. Although many existing algorithms can be used to solve the problem, the planning of task-level TOMP is more time-consuming when the number of processing path points on the machining path increases. This paper proposes a task-level TOMP planning framework to planning a task-level time-optimal machining path for grinding manipulators. Its key point is to preprocess the weighted distance between any two processing path points. Its innovation lies in that the SA algorithm updates the current optimal global solution in real time based on parallel subchain interaction method(PSIM). The experimental results show that the planning framework can effectively solve the task-level TOMP planning problem with multiple grinding areas, and the process of planning the task-level TOMP is significantly less time-consuming without degrading the quality of the solution. (Abstract)
Clustering-Based Driving Behavior Recognition Using Inertial Sensors

Understanding and recognizing driving behavior is critical for traffic safety. In this paper, we propose a clustering-based systematic method to analyze and recognize driving behavior. Different from the past driving behavior recognition, we introduce wavelet analysis to get more accurately localized temporal and frequency information, and we also significantly reduce the feature dimension by the algorithm of applying metric learning to clustering. In our experiment, with only a 4-dimensional feature set, seven different driving events can be classified with a high accuracy of 97%. The proposed systematic method is universal, efficient and has a solid theoretical basis.
교대근무자의 근무시간과 대사증후군의 관계에서 식습관, 영양섭취상태, 일상생활의 매개효과 분석 : 6기 국민건강영양조사 (2013 ~ 2015) 데이터 이용

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 교대 근무자의 근무시간이 대사증후군의 유병률에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하는데 대사증후군의 위험군으로 식습관, 영양섭취상태, 일상생활 관련 특성의 관점에서 관리하는 데 도움을 주고자 진행되었다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교대 근무자의 근무시간과 식습관 관계는 직접관계 (direct causality)가 있지 않으나 일상생활과는 직접관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 식습관과 영영 상태, 대사증후군과는 직접관계가 있지 않은 것으로 나타났고 영양섭취상태와 대사증후군과는 직접관계가 없으나 일상생활과는 직접 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교대 근무자의 근무시간과 대사증후군 관계에서 각각 식습관, 일상생활의 개별 매개 효과 (specific mediator effect)는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났으나, 식습관과 영양섭취상태의 다중매개효과 (multiple mediator effect), 그리고 식습관, 영양섭취상태, 일상생활의 다중매개 효과는 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 교대 근무자의 근무시간이 배제된 상태에서 영양섭취상태, 일상생활 그리고 대사증후군 간의 관계에서 영양섭취상태와 일상생활 그리고 일상생활과 대사증후군과는 직접 인과관계는 없으나 일상생활에 의한 매개 효과는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 교대 근무자의 근무시간과 식습관은 대사증후군에 대해 전체 총 효과 (total effect)를 가진 것으로 나타났으나 영양섭취상태와 일상생활은 대사증후군에 대해 총효과를 갖고 있지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 구조방정식 모델을 사용하여 교대 근무자의 교대시간은 그들의 일상생활 또는 식습관에 영향을 주고 대사증후군 유병률과 관련성이 있음을 밝혔다.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) things come to those who wait: 60 years of progress in the treatment of adult ALL

The UK has made a well‐recognised contribution to the international effort to understand and treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in adults. Work done in the UK by numerous personnel over many years has been instrumental in developing novel risk stratifications, evaluating treatment strategies for adult patients with de novo and relapsed disease and in making novel scientific contributions. The UK has championed and achieved very high levels of recruitment to clinical trials and, in particular, is known for success in large, investigator‐initiated randomised controlled trials. This historical review charts the progress of clinical research in adult ALL from its inception to the present day.
Haemophilia, the journey in search of a cure. 1960–2020

The single most important step on the path to our modern understanding of blood coagulation and haemophilia in the 20th century was taken by British pathologist Robert Gwyn Macfarlane with his 1964 publication ‘An enzyme cascade in the blood clotting mechanism, and its function as a biochemical amplifier’. In the same year, Ratnoff and Davie in the USA reached the same conclusion. Macfarlane and Rosemary Biggs had previously, in 1952, discovered factor IX as the factor deficient in haemophilia B. In 1973, Arthur Bloom defined the distinct role of Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor in haemophilia A and von Willebrand’s disease respectively. This inspired the efforts of Tuddenham and his group towards the purification of Factor VIII which reached homogeneity in 1982, leading to the cloning of the Factor VIII gene in 1984 in collaboration with US scientists at Genentech, which in turn enabled development of safe recombinant factor concentrates for patients with haemophilia. Brownlee cloned the factor IX gene in 1982 at the Sir William Dunn Institute of Pathology in Oxford. This led eventually to the first successful trial of gene therapy for haemophilia B in 2011 by the Nathwani group at UCL, which built on pioneering work of US groups and was partnered with St Jude in Memphis where Nathwani started the project. This trial has fuelled the current quest for a functional cure of haemophilia A and B. The UK has, therefore, made a rich contribution to advances in haemostasis over the last 60 years, often in partnership with other groups across the world.
Deletion of a conserved Gata2 enhancer impairs haemogenic endothelium programming and adult haematopoiesis

Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) maintain the vertebrate blood system throughout life and their emergence from haemogenic endothelium (HE) is regulated by transcription factors such as Gata2. Here we deleted a conserved enhancer (i4 enhancer) driving pan-endothelial expression of gata2a and showed that Gata2a is required for HE programming by regulating expression of runx1 and of the second zebrafish Gata2 orthologue, gata2b. By 5 days, homozygous gata2aΔi4/Δi4 larvae showed normal numbers of HSPCs, a recovery mediated by Notch signalling driving gata2b and runx1 expression in HE. However, gata2aΔi4/Δi4 adults showed oedema, susceptibility to infections and marrow hypo-cellularity, consistent with bone marrow failure found in GATA2 deficiency syndromes. Thus, gata2a expression driven by the i4 enhancer is required for HE programming in embryos and maintenance of steady-state haematopoietic stem cell output in the adult. These enhancer mutants are a new paradigm to explore the pathophysiology of GATA2-related deficiencies in vivo.
Wet and dry salting processing of double spotted queen fish Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål, 1775)

During the present study, processing of wet and dry salting of fresh and delayed double spotted queen fish (Scomberodes lysan) was assessed. Freshly and 8 hours delayed processed salted fish S. lysan was sensorially acceptable. Fishes wet salted in 25% of brine had highest predicted yield, good quality and the pH and moisture content was acceptable (p<0.05). The Trimethylamine Nitrogen and Total volatile base -Nitrogen contents increases was highly favored by percentage of salt and delayed salting process (p<0.05). Free Fatty Acid was very high in wet salted fishes with 10% brine (p<0.05) and the peroxide values heavily increased in 12 hours delayed and dry salted fishes than other wet salted fishes (p<0.05). The delayed salted fishes salted with lower concentration of brine had higher thiobarbituric acid content than other wet and dry salted fresh fishes (p>0.05). The total bacterial counts showed an increasing trend upon delayed salting.
Dielectric deposition for tuning the frequency of THz quantum cascade lasers

We report an extensive study of the effect of an additional dielectric layer on the frequency of terahertz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). QCLs with third-order distributed feedback structure at frequencies of 3.5 and 4.7 THz are used in our experiment. The dielectric layer applied is either Silicondioxide (SiO2) or Polymethylmethacrylaat (PMMA). We find that both dielectric layers can down shift the lasing frequency up to 6GHz on a 3.5THz QCL, and 13GHz for a 4.7THz QCL. Full 3D FEM simulations suggest that the effect is dominated by the effective thickness of the dielectric on the vertical walls of the laser structure, and also confirm that for a given dielectric layer the effect is stronger in the 4.7THz QCL due to its larger outdistribution of electric-magnetic field. The knowledge provides guideline to shift the frequency of an existing QCL used as a local oscillator in practical applications.