Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A distance-independent basal area growth model for oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (l.) Link) growing in mixture with oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the Artvin region, North-East Turkey

In this study, we developed an individual tree basal area growth model for oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) growing in mixture with oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the Artvin, Turkey. In our modeling approach, the basal area growth variables were divided into 4 main groups, which included size, competition, site and mixture. The parameters of these variables were biologically consistent with general growth trends of forest growth models and we found them each to be statistically significant at the probability level of 0.05. Our model explained 62.4% of the basal area growth variation of oriental spruce with a standard error of 0.836 cm2. Furthermore, we found that the absolute and relative (%) biases and the root mean square error (RMSE and RMSE%) of the 5 year basal area growth of oriental spruce were 0.00823 cm2, 0.1353%, 0.8234 cm2, 33.39% respectively. We evaluated this model by plotting the biases with respect to considerable regressor variables. These graphical analyses of the model biases showed no meaningful and evident trend of bias values along with these independent variables. Our model provides a clear frame of reference for understanding about the individual tree basal area growth patterns of for oriental spruce growing in mixture with oriental beech. This model further shows that the parameter of the mixture proportion (BP) for oriental beech trees in the mixture model component was positive, indicating that basal area growth of spruce increases as the proportion of beech in the forest mixture goes up if other variables remain constant. This positive effect of admixture may be due to the facilitation process occurring in oriental spruce stands mixed with beech trees. The facilitation pattern of beech trees in mixing spruce stands suggests that poor or degraded forest sites may be improved by mixing beech trees for forest areas in this region. Key words: Oriental spruce, oriental beech, Individual tree basal area growth model, mixed species stands.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN FINANCIAL INDICATORS TERHADAP KONDISI FINANCIAL DISTRESS STUDI PADA SEKTOR INDUSTRI OTOMOTIF DAN KOMPONENNYA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2015 – 2017

Abstrak Financial distress merupakan tahap penurunan kondisi keuangan perusahaan. Financial Distress perusahaan dapat dilihat dari laporan keuangan perusahaan dan struktur tata kelola perusahaan. Semakin baik kinerja manajemen perusahaan dalam mengambil keputusan dan mengelola keuangan, maka perusahaan tersebut akan terhindar dari kondisi Financial Distress Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh struktur Corporate Governance yang terdiri dari Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit dan Financial Indicators yang terdiri dari Likuiditas (CR), Leverage (DER), Profitabilitas (ROA), Operating Capacity (TATO) terhadap kondisi Financial Distress pada Sektor Industri Otomotif dan Komponennya yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015 2017. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling purposive sampling, sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 12 perusahaan otomotif dan komponennya yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia untuk periode 2015-2017. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa Komisaris Independen, Likuiditas (CR) dan Profitabilitas (ROA) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Financial Distress. Sedangkan Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, Komite Audit, Leverage (DER) dan Operating Capacity (TATO) tidak berpengaruh terhadap Financial Distress. Berdasarkan hasil uji kelayakan model uji f menunjukan bahwa Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit, Likuiditas, Leverage, Provitabilitas dan Operating Capacity terhadap Financial Distress dinyatakan layak digunakan dalam penelitian ini.
Method for identifying the phosphorylation site of Maize Starch Synthase I

Multiple forms of starch synthases (EC 2.4.1.21) are critical for the synthesis of starch in higher plants. These enzymes catalyze the extension of linear glucan chains by the transfer of glucose from the nucleotide sugar ADPglucose. Recombinant maize starch synthase I (rSSI) was purified from Escherichia coli in order to study the regulation of this enzyme by protein phosphorylation. The rSSI was phosphorylated in vitro by incubation with [γ 32P]-ATP and maize amyloplast lysates, which were used as a source of protein kinase. Maximal phosphorylation of rSSI was achieved within 20 minutes, and there was no noticeable change in the amount of phosphorylation beyond this time. Phosphoamino acid analysis of rSSI indicated phosphorylation of one or more serine residues. In order to purify and identify the phosphopeptides, phosphorylated rSSI was digested with trypsin to yield smaller peptides, which were then concentrated using Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC). Potential phosphopeptides eluting from the IMAC column were purified and putatively identified using reversed phase (C18 column) High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). They were then analyzed by mass spectrometry using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) which yielded the mass of potential phosphopeptides.
Hochstetter's frog (Leiopelma hochstetteri) egg, mobile larvae and froglet development

Abstract Egg strings and larvae of Hochstetter's frog (Leiopelma hochstetteri) were located at three widely separated North Island sites: in seeps at Brynderwyns in December 2004, in an open pool at Wharerino in March 2009, and in an underground pool near the Kaipawa Track, Coromandel, in late May 2009. Ten egg strings were also laid by captive frogs in water courses at Hamilton Zoo in April 2009. All egg strings held from 11 to 13 eggs. The egg strings laid in the Brynderwyns were regularly observed until metamorphosis was completed in March 2005. Twenty-four swimming larvae emerged from 25 capsules at c. 40 days after discovery, and at least 14 froglets were produced at c. 90 days. All of them developed in darkness, in a 120 ml pool <30 mm deep. The emerged froglets ranged from 9.8 to 10.8 mm snout-vent length. The detection of eggs, larvae and <11 mm froglets indicates that the egg laying period is at least from late September to May.
Genetic diversity in green gram accessions as revealed by STMS markers

Molecular characterization of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) germplasm is essential for scientific assessment of variability and diversity for its better utilization in breeding programs. In this study, 120 accessions of green gram were analysed for 27 Sequence Tagged Microsatellites (STMS) loci. For data analysis, accessions were grouped into Indian and exotic. DNA profiling of the 120 accessions yielded 42 STMS products. The proportion of polymorphic products was 55.56% in Indian accessions and 51.85% in exotic accessions. Average Jaccard's similarity coefficient among all pairs of comparisons was 0.695. In unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram, 5 major clusters were identified. High similarities among the Indian and exotic accessions were found and this could be due to free movement of Indian germplasm to other countries through international institutes. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis indicated that sampling should be practiced more extensively within populations to capture maximum variation. The study highlighted the need to make more elaborate collections from India to capture the diversity existing in green gram and to go for genetic enhancement for widening of the genetic base of cultivated green gram using wild relatives.
Trophic influences on interannual and seasonal variation in the liver condition index of Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua)

Temporal variation in the liver condition index (LCI) of five length classes of Northeast Arctic cod was described and compared to the abundance and availability of capelin and herring in the Barents Sea. On interannual time scales, large and rapid fluctuations in LCI occurred which were synchronous across length classes. For all length classes the annual mean LCI was non-linearly related to capelin stock biomass such that LCI decreased rapidly when capelin stock biomass was below one million tonnes. Liver condition index and the frequency of occurrence of capelin in cod stomachs were positively associated. Neither the abundance of juvenile herring in the Barents Sea nor the frequency of occurrence of herring in cod stomachs were positively correlated with LCI. However, a significant, inverse relationship between the frequency of occurrence of capelin in cod stomachs and total stock biomass of herring was observed suggesting that herring influence cod LCI via predation on capelin. On seasonal time scales, LCI values for February through July were significantly higher in years of high capelin biomass compared to years having low capelin biomass. In years of high capelin biomass the proportion of capelin in the stomach contents of cod showed a peak in March and (or) April. 2000 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Natural Presettlement Features of the Ashley County, Arkansas Area

Abstract The General Land Office (GLO) survey records of the Ashley County, Arkansas, area were analyzed for natural attributes including forest composition and structure, prairie communities and aquatic and geomorphological features. Almost 13,000 witness trees from at least 23 families were extracted from the surveys. Most (68% of the total) witness trees were black oak (Quercus velutina), pine (Pinus spp.), post oak (Q. stellata), white oak (Q. alba), hickory (Carya spp.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), with 60% of the taxa having fewer than 20 individuals and 26% represented by a single tree. Witness trees were usually moderate sized with very few small or large individuals noted. The distribution of presettlement grasslands, bottomland forests and upland mixed pine/hardwood forests was approximately mapped across the study area. Catastrophic disturbances mentioned in the GLO records included windthrow, floods, fire, timber harvest and earthquakes. Even during this early period, European settlers were altering the Ashley County landscape with trails, homes, farms, cotton gins and small-scale land clearing. Other notable ecological features in these survey records included large woody debris, wetlands, unique terrain conditions and wild game.
Sugarcane plantation effects on the soil hydraulic conductivity in South- West of Iran

Soil hydraulic conductivity is a crucial parameter in modeling flow process in soils, water management strategies and determining distance between drainage networks. This study aims to investigate and assess hydraulic conductivity and its variation for soil layers under different tillage practices (fallow with non-leaching process, new cultivation with leached soil, first and second Ratoon) in sugarcane fields of “Mirza Kochak Khan” agro-industry unit, Khuzistan, southern province of Iran. Sampling was conducted by Zigzag Method in four different depths, with five replications at each depth. Soil hydraulic conductivity was measured using Guelph permeameter. Analysis of the results indicated that the trend of changes in this parameter was observed from leached soil to the second Ratoon. Key words: Soil hydraulic conductivity, sugarcane fields, zigzag method, Guelph permeameter.
The Dynamics of Stage Structured Prey-Predator Model Involving Parasitic Infectious Disease

In this paper a prey-predator model involving parasitic infectious disease is proposed and analyzed. It is assumed that the life cycle of predator species is divided into two stages immature and mature. The analysis of local and global stability of all possible subsystems is carried out. The dynamical behaviors of the model system around biologically feasible equilibria are studied. The global dynamics of the model are investigated with the help of Suitable Lyapunov functions. Conditions for which the model persists are established. Finally, to nationalize our analytical results, numerical simulations are worked out for a hypothetical set of parameter values.
Evolutionary gain of male secondary sexual structures in the widespread Neotropical montane genus Lathecla (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini)

Lathecla is a widespread, primarily montane, Neotropical genus. It consists of seven species that have a relatively uniform adult wing pattern coupled with a diverse set of male secondary sexual structures. Taxonomically, we describe five species — Lathecla mitzi Robbins new species, Lathecla fernandezi Robbins & Busby new species, Lathecla vichai Robbins & Busby new species, Lathecla carolyna Busby new species and Lathecla winnie Robbins & Busby new species and remove one name from synonymy — Thecla mimula Draudt, revised status. Evidence is presented for transferring Lathecla from the Thestius Section of the Eumaeini to the Micandra section, next to Podanotum. Topology of an inferred phylogenetic tree for Lathecla is stable when male secondary sexual characters are omitted or under a variety of implied weighting options. A scent patch on the cubital vein of the dorsal surface of the forewing is unique to Lathecla and evolved (and was not lost) in the ancestor of a four-species lineage. Its sister lineage contains two species. A scent patch on the ventral surface of the forewing evolved (and was not lost) in the ancestor of a six-species lineage in Lathecla. Its sister lineage contains one species. These results, along with previous data, show the viability for the Eumaeini of the hypothesis that the evolutionary gain of a male secondary sexual organ increases the rate of species diversification.
Maternal carotenoid supplementation does not affect breeding performance in the Great Tit (Parus major)

1. Carotenoids are micronutrients with many beneficial health-related effects. They are effective antioxidants and stimulants of the immune system. Carotenoids cannot be synthesized in animals and must be obtained from food. As such, they may limit reproductive output and performance, and on the proximate level mediate reproductive trade-offs. 2. We studied carotenoid limitation in wild Great Tits (Parus major) by supplementing prelaying and laying females with lutein, the most abundant carotenoid in this species. We followed the effects of this supplementation on egg yolk carotenoid composition, and offspring and parental performance. 3. Females transferred the supplemented lutein into egg yolks, increasing lutein concentration to the upper limit of naturally occurring concentrations in control pairs. Concentrations of zeaxanthin, β-carotene and α-carotene did not differ between supplemented and control pairs. 4. Effects on offspring and parental performance were generally absent or weak. There were no effects on timing of laying, clutch size, hatching success, nestling survival, nestling mass (day 6 and 14), tarsus length or T-cell mediated immune response. Males on supplemented nests fed their young more than those on control nests. There was no positive effect on female feeding or mass. 5. Negligible effects of lutein supplementation on offspring and parental performance might be explained by high natural abundance of carotenoids or other antioxidants, where additional carotenoids bear no strong advantage to the birds. Additionally, conflicting results of different studies may be explained by species-specific features of their life-histories.
An East–West distribution of divergent mitochondrial haplotypes in British populations of the land snail, Cepaea nemoralis (Pulmonata)

Some continental European populations of the land snail Cepaea nemoralis have mitochondrial haplotypes that differ by up to 20% at the 16S rRNA locus. I mapped the distribution of different lineages in populations from 36 different sites in Britain and Ireland. In 93% of individuals, one of two mitochondrial lineages was found, A or N, which differ from each other by about 6% using a 16S rRNA fragment (approximately 300 base pairs). The distribution of these two types is very striking—one is confined to Wales, West and central England, and Scotland, while the other is found mainly in East and central England. The two types meet in a transition zone. The most likely explanation for the distribution is that it reflects two routes of colonization after the last ice age. Cepaea dispersal is leptokurtic, and only limited gene flow occurs between established populations, so that the original pattern could have been retained since the post-glacial colonization. However, many environmental gradients are orientated East–West, so alternative selective explanations are possible. A distinct mitochondrial lineage, as well as fossil evidence, suggests that Ireland was colonized separately from Britain. The implications of these distributions for the origins of the puzzling geographical patterns of shell types known as ‘area effects’ is discussed.  2000 The Linnean Society of London
Genetic Diversity of Nili-Ravi from Nili and Ravi Buffalo Breeds of Pakistan

Abstract A genomic study was conducted on three buffalo breeds (Nili, Ravi and Nili-Ravi) by RAPD analyses using 25 random 10-mer primers to identify the genetic diversity among these breeds. Blood samples from forty seven true representative animals of three breeds were collected from their respective home tracts. Six genomic DNA samples from each breed were randomly selected and pooled for analysis. One hundred and forty six bands were observed from 20 primers with an average of 7.3 bands (2-12). Of these 146 DNA bands, 39 fragments (26.71%) showed polymorphism among three buffalo breeds, while the rest 107 bands (73.29%) were monomorphic. The level of DNA variation was observed low. The coefficient of genetic distance among these buffalo breeds of the Punjab province of Pakistan was very low (0.0748 to 0.1312). The maximum genetic distance was found between Nili and Nili-Ravi (0.1312), while, minimum genetic distance was found between Ravi and Nili-Ravi (0.0748). The genetic distance between Nili and Ravi was 0.1298. The survey during blood sampling showed that Nili and Ravi are two separate breeds still found in huge number in their respective home tracts, while the junctures have the new breed named Nili-Ravi. The results suggest that these three breeds must be maintained and improved with their own identity in their native areas.
Strain specific sensitivity to diethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis is maintained in hepatocytes of C3H/HeN⇔C57BL/6N chimeric mice

The C3H/HeN (C3H) and C57BL/6N (C57) mouse strains are known, respectively, for their high and low susceptibility to both spontaneous and chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The present study was aimed at elucidating whether this difference is dependent on intrinsic features of the target hepatocytes or in the in vivo milieu and associated growth promoting factors to which the cells are exposed. C3H in equilibrium with C57 chimeric mice were produced and given injections of diethylnitrosamine (20 microgram/g body weight) at the age of 15 days. The animals were sacrificed 6 or 9 months thereafter, and the numbers and sizes of altered cell lesions were scored. The clonal growth of both cell types was immunohistochemically confirmed using anti C3H-specific antigen antibodies. Quantitative assessment revealed C3H lesions in the chimera livers to be far larger (5:1) than those of C57 derivation and associated with more frequent malignant progression as was evident histologically. Furthermore, foamy change and hyalin body formation, which have been described as characteristics of C3H and C57BL hepatic tumors, respectively, were also featured as differentiative characteristics in lesions of both cell types in chimera mice. Thus, the results clearly demonstrated that the principal mechanism(s) underlying strain difference in diethylnitrosamine-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis exists in the target cells and is not milieu-dependent.
Cloud based Security Framework for Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection using Machine Learning Techniques

: Cloud is one of the most recent trends in the domain of Computing. It enables the Service Providers to have an optimal usage of their Resources in order to gain more profit out of the available resources and computing capabilities. Since its inception, it had revolutionized the concept of Service Models as it is beneficial and cost friendly for both the Customers as well as Service Providers. But as said, every scientific discovery has its own benefits as well as adverse affects; the same is applicable to Cloud also. Now, due to easier implementation and large subscribers, the traffic on Cloud systems is increasing at an alarming rate, thereby providing opportunities for Hackers and other Unauthorized Users. There are various traditional approaches for implementing Intrusion Detection Systems but in this scenario, their performance will degrade significantly due to excessive Load, high Traffic, large number of Users and Resources. In this environment, an implementation of dynamic algorithm is desirable that can handle excessive load, high resource and user count. Such dynamic algorithm can be implemented in an optimal manner using Machine Learning techniques. Intrusion Detection Systems can be classified into various types, but the most common and implementable form is Anomaly based IDS. In such systems, the behaviour of the System parameters and stake holders is being observed on continuous basis. If an entity or a stake holder is behaving differently than its observed behaviour; it indicates that something went wrong. If this modified behaviour is continuous, then it means there has been an illegal activity being performed in the system. After this, the IDS take necessary actions to handle such an alarming situation. Developing an Anomaly based Intrusion Detection System using Machine Learning technique will be a suitable solution for developing a Security Framework for Cloud environment, so that the availability, fault tolerance, scalability and reliability of the Cloud environment should remain persistent, even in case of Fault or unauthorized access.
Ship Detection in Remote Sensing Optical Imagery using Machine Learning

The requirements for nations to patrol and protect their maritime borders and international waters is vital to securing economic assets, preventing illegal immigration and monitoring other countries military and commercial behavior. The large increase of military and government surveillance satellites has led to an influx of remote sensing data for which human analysis is time consuming. A recent rise of machine learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) has allowed humans to hand over complex tasks like object detection to computer algorithms. This report aimed to conduct optimisation of a hand-built CNN as well as fine-tuning existing state of the art CNN architectures in the task of ship classification in optical remote sensing data. This report was able to achieve a maximum accuracy of 94.8% on a fine-tuned Xception model with no optimisation, outperforming a carefully optimised handmade network by approximately 5%. It was concluded that for this complex classification task an existing state-of-the-art model should be fine tuned to achieve the highest accuracy.