Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Delivery of Granisetron to the Brain via Nanostructured Cubosomes-Based In Situ Gel for Improved Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Emesis

This research aimed to boost granisetron (GS) delivery to the brain via the intranasal route to better manage chemotherapy-induced emesis. Glycerol monooleate (GMO), Poloxamer 407 (P 407) and Tween 80 (T 80) were used to formulate GS-loaded cubosomes (GS-CBS) utilizing a melt dispersion-emulsification technique. GS-CBS were characterized by testing particle diameter, surface charge and entrapment efficiency. The formulations were optimized using a Box–Behnken statistical design, and the optimum formula (including GMO with a concentration of 4.9%, P 407 with a concentration of 10%, and T 80 with a concentration of 1%) was investigated for morphology, release behavior, ex vivo permeation through the nasal mucosa, and physical stability. Moreover, the optimal formula was incorporated into a thermosensitive gel and subjected to histopathological and in vivo biodistribution experiments. It demonstrated sustained release characteristics, increased ex vivo permeability and improved physical stability. Moreover, the cubosomal in situ gel was safe and biocompatible when applied to the nasal mucosa. Furthermore, compared to a drug solution, the nose-to-brain pathway enhanced bioavailability and brain distribution. Finally, the cubosomal in situ gel may be a potential nanocarrier for GS delivery to the brain through nose-to-brain pathway.
The Comparative Analysis of Islamic and Conventional Monetary Financial System

This article aims to analyze the uniqueness of Islamic financial instruments compared to conventional financial instruments and to find out what distinguishes the Islamic monetary framework from the standard monetary framework. The advantages and disadvantages of Islamic and traditional monetary frameworks are also discussed in this paper. This paper uses a writing concentrate approach by collecting information from the analytical writing in question. The side effects of the review suggest that the Islamic Monetary Framework is developing rapidly, playing its part in allocating assets and working on the turn of financial events, and implementing Islamic banking. The results also show that the advantages of Islamic finance can survive despite different monetary emergencies. The progress of Indonesian Islamic Banking evidences it compared to traditional banks.
Perceptions and Experiences of Health Care Workers on Accountability Mechanisms for Enhancing Quality Improvement in the Delivery of Maternal Newborns and Child Health Services in Mkuranga, Tanzania

Background Maternal mortality estimates globally show that by 2017 there were still 211 deaths per 100,000 live births; more strikingly, 99% of them happen in low and middle-income countries, including Tanzania. There has been insufficient progress in improving maternal and newborn health despite the efforts to strengthen the health systems, to improve the quality of maternal health in terms of training and deploying human resources for health, constructing health facilities, and supplying medical products. However, fewer efforts are invested in enhancing accountability toward the improvement of the quality of maternal health care. This the study was conducted to explore the perceptions of healthcare workers regarding accountability mechanisms for enhancing quality improvement in the delivery of maternal newborn and child health services in Tanzania. Methods We adopted phenomenology as a study design to understand how health workers perceive accountability and data were collected using semi-structured interviews. We then used thematic analysis to analyze themes and sub- themes. Results The study revealed four categories of perceptions namely, differences in the conceptualization of accountability and accountability mechanisms, varied opinions about the existing accountability mechanisms, perceived the usefulness of accountability mechanisms, together with perceived challenges in the enforcement of accountability mechanisms. Conclusion Perceived variations in the understanding of accountability among healthcare workers signaled a proper but fragmented understanding of accountability in maternal care. Accountability mechanisms are perceived to be useful for enhancing hard work in the provision of maternal health services. Moreover, inadequate motivation resulting from health system bottlenecks tend to constrain enforcement of accountability in the provision of maternal care services. Thus, we recommend that the government should deal with health system constraints and enforce regular monitoring and supervision.
The communication process of digital binary pulse-position modulation with additive white Gaussian noise

Digital pulse-position modulation (PPM) is a time-domain version of frequency-shift keying that encodes each variable pulse to a particular position within a period. Although numerous essays have researched PPM applied to optical fiber, the PPM process with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) was not mentioned. In this paper, a relatively simple model was constructed for 2-bit message signals passing through the AWGN channel. While encoding the baseband signals, Gray Code was adopted to encode them in each period separated into four equal parts. Afterward, they all passed through the AWGN channel, and the constellation of baseband signals and received signals was performed in MATLAB. Then we applied the minimum distance identification method to find the estimated baseband signals. Finally, the PPM signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) was obtained based on previous probability errors. Executing the codes in MATLAB, we got the baseband signals, constellation, and SNR function that can all be directly shown in the figure. In general, our work filled the gap of the PPM method sending over the AWGN channel. This can also become the preliminary foundation for a broader range of applications using PPM to implement the whole communication process with AWGN.
The Role of Selected Psychological Factors in Healthy-Sustainable Food Consumption Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent precautions and dispositions adopted have triggered substantial changes in daily health-related behaviors, including food consumption habits. The psychological impact of the pandemic has been considered one of the factors affecting this transition and requiring consideration when targeting healthy-sustainable behavior preservation. The present study describes the results of a survey conducted on a convenience sample of Italian residents (n = 2272) during the first phases of pandemic. The aim was to explore the daily nutritional choices and behaviors and their transformations that occurred along with the associations with psychological factors (i.e., subjective well-being, and depression, anxiety and stress symptoms). An indicator for healthy-sustainable transition (HST index) was constructed and revealed diffused transformation in dietary habits, with a large segment of the sample adopting healthier and more sustainable dietary behaviors and others showing reduced healthy-sustainable food choices. Informative relationships with the psychological variables were then found from the correlational and regression analyses. Lower levels of anxiety, depression and stress symptomatology and higher perceived subjective well-being were significantly associated with healthier-sustainable food consumption behaviors. These findings shed light on the crucial areas to be considered in future institutional interventions, ultimately ensuring favorable conditions for both healthy diet behaviors and sustainable food consumption choices.
Hand Rehabilitation Devices: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

A cerebrovascular accident, or a stroke, can cause significant neurological damage, inflicting the patient with loss of motor function in their hands. Standard rehabilitation therapy for the hand increases demands on clinics, creating an avenue for powered hand rehabilitation devices. Hand rehabilitation devices (HRDs) are devices designed to provide the hand with passive, active, and active-assisted rehabilitation therapy; however, HRDs do not have any standards in terms of development or design. Although the categorization of an injury’s severity can guide a patient into seeking proper assistance, rehabilitation devices do not have a set standard to provide a solution from the beginning to the end stages of recovery. In this paper, HRDs are defined and compared by their mechanical designs, actuation mechanisms, control systems, and therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, devices with conducted clinical trials are used to determine the future development of HRDs. After evaluating the abilities of 35 devices, it is inferred that standard characteristics for HRDs should include an exoskeleton design, the incorporation of challenge-based and coaching therapeutic strategies, and the implementation of surface electromyogram signals (sEMG) based control.
POMDP and MOMDP solutions for structural life-cycle cost minimization under partial and mixed observability

Abstract Scheduling of inspection and maintenance policies during the life-cycle of operating infrastructure necessitates optimization of long-term objectives in stochastic environments. Modern answers to the problem should focus on quantitative decision-making techniques, taking advantage of informative but uncertain data that become available in time. As such, the problem is efficiently addressed within the framework of stochastic dynamic programming by means of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) and Mixed Observability Markov Decision Processes (MOMDPs). Although these methodologies can provide very sophisticated solutions with optimality guarantees, important computational challenges often emerge, mainly due to the continuity of the multidimensional belief space on the probability simplex. In response, recent value iteration algorithms based on point-based approaches have been suggested, focusing on reachable belief points that can support an accurate value function. In this work, several POMDP and MOMDP point-based algorithms, with various characteristics regarding the exploration of the belief space and the value function update procedures, are rigorously analyzed. The algorithms are compared and evaluated in terms of accuracy and performance in stationary and nonstationary problems of structural inspection and maintenance for life-cycle cost minimization. Results are thoroughly discussed and several insights along with practical suggestions for similar problems are provided.
Microbiome Differentiation Among Coexisting Nematode Species in Estuarine Microhabitats: A Metagenetic Analysis

Resource partitioning is a mechanism for niche differentiation which can facilitate coexistence of species at local scales. Insights into resource use and niche differentiation of functionally similar and/or taxonomically closely related species are scant, especially so for small organisms that dominate marine sediments in terms of abundance and species richness. In this study we characterized the microbiomes of 10 bacterivorous nematode species co-occurring in various estuarine microhabitats using 16S rRNA metabarcoding to address their resource utilization. We investigated microbiome diversity and composition of nematodes collected from six microhabitats in the field: Fucus spiralis, Fucus vesiculosus, fresh and decomposing thalli of Ulva sp. , and attached and detached leaves of Spartina anglica. The 10 species belonged to three different families, and included congeneric and morphologically cryptic species. The microbiome of species sharing their microhabitats showed a substantial overlap, suggesting that resource differentiation of species within a microhabitat was rather limited at time of sampling. Microbiomes of the same nematode species found in different microhabitats were also not strongly differentiated. Temporal divergence in resource use may occur, as suggested by temporally divergent microbiome composition of nematodes associated with Ulva sp. The observed high intraspecific variability in microbiome composition of nematodes may be the principal factor explaining the lack of microbiome differentiation among species or microhabitats and may illustrate individual specialization in resource use as a consequence of substantial intraspecific competition.
A strong tracking adaptive fading‐extended Kalman filter for the state of charge estimation of lithium‐ion batteries

Lithium‐ion batteries are widely used as rechargeable energy and power storage system in smart devices and electric vehicles because of their high specific energy, high power densities, etc. The state of charge (SOC) serves as a vital feature that is monitored by the battery management system to optimize the performance, safety, and lifespan of lithium‐ion batteries. In this paper, a strong tracking adaptive fading‐extended Kalman filter (STAF‐EKF) based on the second‐order resistor–capacitor equivalent circuit model (2RC‐ECM) is proposed for accurate SOC estimation of lithium‐ion batteries under different working conditions and ambient temperatures. The characteristic parameters of the established 2RC‐ECM for the lithium‐ion battery are identified offline using the least‐squares curve fitting method with an average R‐squared value of 0.99881. Experimental data from the hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) is used for the estimation and verification of the proposed STAF‐EKF method under the complex Beijing bus dynamic stress test (BBDST) and the dynamic stress test (DST) working conditions at varying ambient temperatures. The results show that the established 2RC‐ECM tracks the actual voltage of the battery with a maximum error of 28.44 mV under the BBDST working condition. For the SOC estimation, the results show that the proposed STAF‐EKF has a maximum mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 1.7159% and 1.8507%, while the EKF has 6.7358% and 7.2564%, respectively, at an ambient temperature of −10°C under the BBDST working condition. The proposed STAF‐EKF delivers optimal performance improvement compared to the EKF under different working conditions and ambient temperatures, serving as a basis for an accurate and robust SOC estimation method with quick convergence for the real‐time applications of lithium‐ion batteries.
KLASIFIKASI JUDUL BERITA COVID-19 MENGGUNAKAN METODE LATENT DIRICHLET ALLOCATION

Arus globalisasi yang menyebar di masyarakat berupa penyampaian informasi semakin berkembang dari tahun ke tahun seperti televisi dan radio. Lalu dengan adanya internet penyampaian informasi semakin berkembang yaitu berupa teks seperti berita online. Penyebaran coronavirus disease 2019 atau covid-19 di Indonesia merupakan informasi berita yang paling banyak dicari dikarenakan banyaknya kekhawatiran dari seluruh masyarakat, maka dari itu pada masa pandemi untuk mengetahui informasi yang tepat dan terpercaya mengenai covid-19 di Indonesia dapat dilihat pada situs resmi covid-19.go. id. Jenis berita yang terdapat pada website tersebut berupa penanganan kesehatan, vaksinasi covid-19 dan pemulihan ekonomi. Dengan banyaknya berita yang disajikan, penulis telah melakukan penelitian mengenai klasifikasi judul dengan menggunakan metode latent dirichlet allocation. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan judul berita pada situs covid-19 dan mengetahui topik berita pada keseluruhan berita di situs covid-19.go. id. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu pengumpulan judul berita berbahasa Indonesia pada situs covid19.go. id dari bulan Januari 2021 hingga November 2021. Setelah melakukan pengumpulan judul berita, data tersebut dilakukan proses preprocessing. Tahapan pembobotan yang mengubah kata pada data menjadi bentuk numeric dengan melakukan pembobotan TF-IDF. Penerapan metode Latent Dirichlet Allocation untuk memperoleh topik dari keseluruhan data judul berita. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 3 topik dengan jumlah probabilitas yang tertinggi dan berkaitan dari keseluruhan data judul berita pada website covid19.go. id yaitu topik update dengan nilai probabilitas 0,047363, topik vaksinasi dengan nilai probabilitas 0,064872 dan topik sembuh dengan nilai probabilitas 0,054829.
Relationship between PD-L1 expression and prognostic factors in high-risk cutaneous squamous and basal cell carcinoma

This study aimed to investigate the programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and its relationship with prognostic factors in tumors that are not in the head and neck region and are therefore relatively less exposed to the sun. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 25 invasive cSCC and 42 BCC cases with a diameter ≥2 cm located outside the head and neck region from 2010 to 2018. The biopsy samples were examined based on the membranous PD-L1 (22C3 clone) staining. Staining results were scored as follows: 0, no staining (negative); 1, <10% PD-L1 positivity of tumor cells; and 2, ≥10% PD-L1 positivity of tumor cells. PD-L1 positivity was not seen in any BCC cases, whereas 11 (44%) of cSCC cases were PD-L1 positive. No significant relationship was observed between PD-L1 expression and prognostic parameters, including tumor diameter, tumor depth, and lymphovascular or perineural invasion in the cSCC group. PD-L1 expression was not associated with prognostic factors in the early stages of BCC and SCC located outside the head and neck region. Therefore, investigating the PD-L1 expression seems to be more relevant in patients with advanced-stage disease.
Asymmetric Distributions of Auroral Kilometric Radiation in Earth's Northern and Southern Hemispheres Observed by the Arase Satellite

Auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) is generated at high latitudes and can propagate down to low latitudes. Due to the lack of direct observations, the characteristics of AKR in the middle and low latitudes of two hemispheres have not been studied so far. Here, using observations of the Arase satellite from 23 March 2017 to 31 July 2019, we present the first statistical study of AKR distribution in the northern (Magnetic latitude Mlat = 0°–40°) and southern (Mlat = −40°–0°) hemispheres. Results (totally 30,353 samples) show that relatively high occurrence rates (>30%) of AKR in the northern (southern) hemisphere primarily stay in the region of magnetic local time MLT = 17–24 (MLT = 21–05). About 60% of wave samples in the northern (southern) hemisphere are observed in the frequency range of ≤300 kHz (>300 kHz). The asymmetric distribution in two hemispheres can further enrich our understanding of AKR.
Efficient channel tracking strategy for mmWave UAV communications

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) communications attract ever increasing attentions due to its flexible deployment. The characteristics of the time-varying UAV channel with beam squint effect are explored. Then, a channel tracking method for UAV communications is proposed. Finally, various and numerous simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Stress Mapping Immersed Boundary Method for Viscous Flows

This work introduces an immersed boundary method for two-dimensional simulation of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The method uses flow field mapping on the immersed boundary and performs a contour integration to calculate immersed boundary forces. This takes into account the relative location of the immersed boundary inside the background grid elements by using inverse distance weights, and also considers the curvature of the immersed boundary edges. The governing equations of the fluid mechanics are solved using a Galerkin-Least squares finite element formulation. The model is validated against a stationary and a vertically oscillating circular cylinder in a cross flow. The results of the model show acceptable accuracy when compared to experimental and numerical results.
Spatiotemporal Eye-Tracking Feature Set for Improved Recognition of Dyslexic Reading Patterns in Children

Considering the detrimental effects of dyslexia on academic performance and its common occurrence, developing tools for dyslexia detection, monitoring, and treatment poses a task of significant priority. The research performed in this paper was focused on detecting and analyzing dyslexic tendencies in Serbian children based on eye-tracking measures. The group of 30 children (ages 7–13, 15 dyslexic and 15 non-dyslexic) read 13 different text segments on 13 different color configurations. For each text segment, the corresponding eye-tracking trail was recorded and then processed offline and represented by nine conventional features and five newly proposed features. The features were used for dyslexia recognition using several machine learning algorithms: logistic regression, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and random forest. The highest accuracy of 94% was achieved using all the implemented features and leave-one-out subject cross-validation. Afterwards, the most important features for dyslexia detection (representing the complexity of fixation gaze) were used in a statistical analysis of the individual color effects on dyslexic tendencies within the dyslexic group. The statistical analysis has shown that the influence of color has high inter-subject variability. This paper is the first to introduce features that provide clear separability between a dyslexic and control group in the Serbian language (a language with a shallow orthographic system). Furthermore, the proposed features could be used for diagnosing and tracking dyslexia as biomarkers for objective quantification.
Clinicians’ Perceptions of Parent-Child Arts Therapy with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Milman Center Experience

Different types of arts offer a wide variety of modes of nonverbal communication and expressive tools for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The present study was designed to characterize therapists’ perspectives on the implementation of a parent-child arts therapy model for children with ASD. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 arts therapists who participated in the study. The thematic analysis (qualitative analysis) approach yielded seven themes: (1) Therapeutic goals. (2) Adjusting the therapeutic intervention. (3) The advantages of parent-child arts therapy. (4) Difficulties in parent-child arts therapy. (5) The unique contribution of the participants to parent-child arts therapy. (6) The different types of arts in the therapy room. (7) The arts therapists’ assessment of the progress of therapy. The discussion focuses on the four central components of parent-child arts therapy room: the child in therapy, the parent, the arts therapist, and the creative arts.