Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
End Users‘ Knowledge, Beliefs, and Preferences for Lighting

OBJECTIVE: An understanding of end users is necessary if one is to design to meet human needs. This study measured four broad concepts related to lighting to contribute to our understanding of end users in this domain: knowledge about technical aspects of lighting; beliefs about the effects of lighting on people; preferences regarding lighting; and importance of lighting. RESEARCH DESIGN: The study was a survey of a large group of university undergraduates. Sets of questions relating to each of the four concepts were created from the literature on lighting and interviews with other subjects. The lighting types and settings deliberately referred to circumstances familiar to these subjects. The questionnaire was completed during university classes. ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses of specific hypotheses were used to assess the state of these end users’ knowledge, beliefs, preferences, and ratings of the importance of lighting and the interrelations between these variables. KEY FINDINGS: The results show that lighting is important to laypeople and reveal that people to whom it is important desire more control over lighting. These subjects perceived that they had little control over lighting but desired much more. A large percentage of respondents believed that fluorescent lighting can be detrimental to one's health, and those who endorse these views about health effects also believe that natural daylight is superior to electric light. CONCLUSION: Design to meet human needs will improve if better understanding is gained of the beliefs, preferences, and knowledge of the client. This report includes specific suggestions for applications and provides pointers for both designers and researchers.
Participatory Sensing through Participatory Design: Collaborating on Requirements with the CARD Method

Participatory sensing refers to the work of a potentially large number of participants who collaborate to collect data to meet individual, group, community, or societal needs. This short paper presents a participatory design approach for requirements-elicitation and high-level design of participatory sensing projects, in a project that invites end-users to contribute not only the field data, but also the map-based applications that solicit and organize those field data. We close with discussions of tensions in the field of participatory sensing, and a consideration of how participatory sensing may inform the ECSCW discussion of "the fragmentation of CSCW. "
Treatment of retronychia: A systematic review and suggested treatment algorithm

Retronychia is an inflammatory disorder typical of the great toes characterized by arrested nail growth, ingrowth of the nail plate into the proximal nail fold and paronychia. There is no standardized treatment for retronychia, and its management should be weighed based on the severity stage, treatment modality, and clinical outcome. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature was performed to assess all published data regarding the treatment of retronychia. A total of 231 patients from 24 studies were included in the analysis. Conservative management was adopted in mild‐intermediate forms, consisting of medical (topical or intralesional high‐potency corticosteroids) and podiatric treatment (taping, clipping back the onycholytic plate, orthosis), leading to a global cure rate of 41.2%, with no reported side effects. Non‐conservative management, that is, chemical or surgical avulsion of the nail plate, proved resolutive in 71.2% of cases. Surgical avulsion of the nail plate produced the highest cure rate (78.2%), but was burdened by 9.6% of long‐term sequelae, mainly nail dystrophies. A decision‐making algorithm was designed to give clinicians treatment indications based on the severity stage of retronychia, treatment invasiveness, and possible clinical outcomes.
Ultimate Loading of Wind Turbines

An extreme loading study has been conducted comprising a general wind climate analysis as well as a wind turbine reliability study. In the wind climate analysis, the distribution of the (horizontal) turbulence standard deviation, conditioned on the mean wind speed, has been approximated by fitting a three parameter Weibull distribution to the measured on-shore and off-shore data for wind speed variations. Specific recommendations on off-shore design turbulence intensities are lacking in the present IEC-code. Based on the present analysis of the off-shore wind climate on two shallow water sites, a design turbulence intensity for off-shore application is proposed which, in the IEC code framework, is applicable for extreme as well as for fatigue load determination. In order to establish a rational method to analyse wind turbine components with respect to failure in ultimate loading, and in addition to establish partial safety factors for design of such components against this failure mode, structural reliability methods must be applied. This type of analysis accounts for the variability of the external (wind) loading (as addressed in the analyses of the general wind climate) - and thereby the induced variability in the component stress response - as well as variability in material resistance. The present study comprises the development of a procedure suitable for dealing with this type of analyses. The main effort has been put on the methodology. Application of the procedure is illustrated by application to the event of failure in ultimate loading in flapwise bending in the normal operating condition of a site-specific turbine. The work reported makes part of the project “Probabilistic Design Tool” (PRODETO), which is co-funded through JOULE III under contract no. JOR3-CT95-0026. The present report passed an internal review at the Wind Energy and Atmospheric Department, Risø, The evaluation of the 80% quantiles from the present data analysis are based on the Weibull fitted distributions of the turbulence standard deviation.
Assessing building performance in use 1: the Probe process

The Probe project, which started in 1995, has been a unique joint venture between the UK government (Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions), a publisher and a research team. It has undertaken post-occupancy surveys of well-regarded new commercial and public buildings, typically 2–3 years after completion. The purpose was to provide feedback on generic and specific information on factors for success in the design, construction, operation and use of buildings, together with areas of difficulty and disappointment. This paper outlines the project and describes the survey methods used, and prospects for further development. It considers the opportunities for more widespread deployment of post-occupancy surveys as routine quality assurance measures for the building industry and its clients. Papers 2 to 4 in this series discuss the findings on technical performance, energy performance and occupant satisfaction. Paper 5 draws some general conclusions and considers their implications. Le projet Probe a été lancé conjointement en 1995 par le Gouvernement du Royaume-Uni (Ministère de l'environnement, du transport et des régions), un éditeur et une équipe de recherche. Son objectif était d'évaluer la fonctionnalité après emménagement de nouveaux immeubles commerciaux et publics bien entretenus; ces études étaient menées généralement 2 à 3 ans après l'achèvement des bâtiments. Il s'agissait d'obtenir des informations générales ou précises sur des facteurs devant contribuer à la réussite de la conception, de la construction, de l'exploitation et de l'usage de bâtiments et aussi d'indiquer les difficultés et les déceptions. Cet article présente le projet et décrit les méthodes d'évaluation utilisées ainsi que les perspectives de développement. Il considère les moyens de mieux faire connaître les études de fonctionnalité après emménagement afin que l'industrie du bâtiment et ses clients disposent régulièrement d'étalons de mesure utiles en matière d'assurance qualité. Les articles n° 2 à 4 de cette série portent sur les résultats obtenus en ce qui concerne les performances techniques, le rendement énergétique et la satisfaction des occupants. L'article n° 5 tire quelques conclusions générales et envisage ce qui pourrait en découler.
Cyclonic two-phase flow separator experimentation and simulation for use in a microgravity environment

Devices designed to replace the absent buoyancy separation mechanism within a microgravity environment are of considerable interest to NASA as the functionality of many spacecraft systems are dependent on the proper sequestration of interpenetrating gas and liquid phases. Cyclonic separators provide the gas-liquid separatory action by swirling the multiphase flow – causing the gas to accumulate along the axis of the vortex as the denser liquid is forced to the walls – thereby allowing segregated extraction of the respective phases. Passive cyclonic separators utilize only the inertia of the incoming flow to accomplish this task. In the current work, combined experimental, numerical, and scaling analyses have been performed to quantitatively assess and delimit the operability of these separators. Specifically, steady-state features including velocity profiles have been examined experimentally and compared to computational fluid dynamics results, scaling laws for the gas core size have been created, and the transient behavior of the device with respect to both device and system-level conduct has been modeled.
Prediction of thermal performance of flip chip-plastic ball grid array (FC-PBGA) packages: effect of substrate physical design

Package substrate physical design effects thermal conduction in the substrate and, hence, the thermal performance of the package. Package physical design involves geometric, material, and feature layout parameters. Effect of these physical design parameters on the thermal performance (characterized by junction to ambient thermal resistance, /spl Theta//sub ja/, junction-to-board thermal resistance /spl Psi//sub jb/, and junction to case thermal resistance /spl Psi//sub jT/) of flip-chip plastic ball grid array (FC-PBGA) has been studied using experimentally validated conjugate heat transfer models. Package level thermal performance of flip-chip plastic ball grid array (FC-PBGA) packages has been predicted using experimentally validated mechanistic methodologies. The resulting conjugate heat transfer models have been solved using methods of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) under natural and forced convection for freestream velocities upto 2 m/s. The following ranges of parameters have been investigated: substrate size of 25 mm, die sizes of 6.19/spl times/7.81 mm and 9.13/spl times/12.95 mm, substrate (via density) thermal conductivities: no vias to 5 W/(m K), C4 pitch: 250 /spl mu/m, natural and forced convection flows, the later with freestream velocities 0.5 to 2 m/s. Based on this study the following conclusions have been drawn: 1. It is concluded that thermal vias (and hence the thermal conductivity of the substrate under the die) have significantly higher impact on package thermal performance than the substrate vias outside the die foot print. 2. By strategically placing sufficiently number of vias in the substrate, the thermal resistance of the package can be decreased by 35-40% thereby pushing the limits of power dissipation under constrained conditions. 3. It is noted that increasing the number of visa under the die that results in thermal conductivity above 2 W/(m K), the thermal performance of the packages improve very little showing diminishing returns.
Simplified analysis of PWM converters using model of PWM switch. II. Discontinuous conduction mode

For pt.I see ibid., vol.26, no.3, p.490-6 (1990). According to the method of state-space averaging, when a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converter enters discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), the inductor current state is lost from the average model of the converter. It is shown that there is neither theoretical nor experimental justification for the disappearance of the inductor state as claimed by the method of state-space averaging. For example, when the model of the PWM switch in DCM is substituted in the buck, boost, or buck-boost converter while the inductor is left intact, the average model has two poles: the first pole f/sub p1/ agrees with the single pole of state-space averaging, while the second pole f/sub p2/ occurs in the range f/sub p2/>or=F/sub s// pi . It is shown that the right-half plane zeros present in the control-to-output transfer functions of the boost, buck-boost, and Cuk converters in continuous conduction mode are also present in discontinuous conduction mode. >
Synergy and Complementarity between Focused Machine Learning and Physics-Based Simulation in Affinity Prediction

We present results on the extent to which physics-based simulation (exemplified by FEP+) and focused machine learning (exemplified by QuanSA) are complementary for ligand affinity prediction. For both methods, predictions of activity for LFA-1 inhibitors from a medicinal chemistry lead optimization project were accurate within the applicable domain of each approach. A hybrid model that combined predictions by both approaches by simple averaging performed better than either method, with respect to both ranking and absolute pKi values. Two publicly available FEP+ benchmarks, covering 16 diverse biological targets, were used to test the generality of the synergy. By identifying training data specifically focused on relevant ligands, accurate QuanSA models were derived using ligand activity data known at the time of the original series publications. Results across the 16 benchmark targets demonstrated significant improvements both for ranking and for absolute pKi values using hybrid predictions that combined the FEP+ and QuanSA predicted affinity values. The results argue for a combined approach for affinity prediction that makes use of physics-driven methods as well as those driven by machine learning, each applied carefully on appropriate compounds, with hybrid prediction strategies being employed where possible.
Epidemiological profile of covid-19 in the state of espírito santo, brazil, from march 2020 to june 2021

Introduction: coronavirus 2019 Disease (COVID-19) was quickly declared a pandemic, and Brazil is facing the most significant health and hospital crisis in its history. From March to June 2021 represented 50.8% of all deaths in the State of Espirito Santo. Objective: to analyze the lethality and mortality by COVID-19 in the State of Espirito Santo from March 2020 to June 2021. Methods: an ecological study was carried out, using a time series of public and official data available on the Health Department of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Were considered information about cases and deaths (from March 2020 to June 2021) of COVID-19. Percentage case-fatality and mortality and incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated. Time-series analyses were performed using the Prais-Winsten regression model, estimating the Daily Percent Change (DPC), and the trends were classified as flat, increasing, or decreasing. Significant differences were considered when p<0.05. Results: 524,496 confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of June 30, 2021, and 11,516 progressed to death. The presence of cardiovascular diseases represents more than half of confirmed comorbidities (54.37%) in patients with COVID-19, followed by diabetes (19.95%) and obesity (9.34%). Men had higher mortality and lethality, especially in older age groups, but the incidence was higher among women. A characteristic profile of two waves was observed; the first wave was extended from March to October 2020 and the second complete wave from November 2020 to June 2021. During the second wave, high peaks of incidence, lethality, and mortality were recorded. At the end of the second wave, the incidence rate remained with increasing trends (p < 0.05), with a DPC of 2.06%. Conclusion: the peak concentration of cases, deaths, and indicators of lethality, mortality evidenced even after one year of pandemic, characterizes the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, still in entire evolution in the State Espirito Santo and Brazil.
Study on the effect of γ-irradiation (Co-60) on seed germination and agronomic traits in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

Mutagenesis is an important technique for creating novel mutants having improved agronomic traits. In this study, LD50 was determined at 807 Gy depending on the germination percentage of tomato seeds irradiated with cobalt-60, using absorbed gray (Gy) dose of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, and 1000 Gy with control. GR30 and GR50 values were 214 and 502 Gy based on the regression formula on seedling length. Though LD50 is important, the dose range between 214(GR30) and 502(GR50) is more functional to get desirable mutation as the survival of the mutants is more important than germination. The variation was observed in all of the agronomical traits among the treatments. Most of the morphological traits were found better at 250 Gy in comparison with the control and the value decreased sharply at higher doses followed. The highest weight of single fruit was 145.33 g recorded at 250 Gy while the lowest was 70.67 g noted at 500 Gy. The highest fruit yield per plant was 1270 gm obtained at 250 Gy and the lowest was 800 gm found at 500 Gy. Shelf life was found better (34 days) at the 250 Gy dose level and the lowest was 6 days got in the control treatments.
Simulation framework for connected vehicles: a scoping review

Background: V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) is a booming research field with a diverse set of services and applications. Most researchers rely on vehicular simulation tools to model traffic and road conditions and evaluate the performance of network protocols. We conducted a scoping review to consider simulators that have been reported in the literature based on successful implementation of V2V systems, tutorials, documentation, examples, and/or discussion groups. Methods: Simulators that have limited information were not included. The selected simulators are described individually and compared based on their requirements and features, i.e., origin, traffic model, scalability, and traffic features. This scoping review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The review considered only research published in English (in journals and conference papers) completed after 2015. Further, three reviewers initiated the data extraction phase to retrieve information from the published papers. Results: Most simulators can simulate system behaviour by modelling the events according to pre-defined scenarios. However, the main challenge faced is integrating the three components to simulate a road environment in either microscopic, macroscopic or mesoscopic models. These components include mobility generators, VANET simulators and network simulators. These simulators require the integration and synchronisation of the transportation domain and the communication domain. Simulation modelling can be run using a different types of simulators that are cost-effective and scalable for evaluating the performance of V2V systems in urban environments. In addition, we also considered the ability of the vehicular simulation tools to support wireless sensors. Conclusions: The outcome of this study may reduce the time required for other researchers to work on other applications involving V2V systems and as a reference for the study and development of new traffic simulators.
Influence of Atmospheric Air Pollution on Indoor Air Quality: Comparison of Chemical Pollutants and Mutagenicity Levels in Santiago (Chile)

The influence of atmospheric pollution on indoor air quality (IAQ) was studied in downtown Santiago (Chile). Carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine, the mass of respirable particulate matter below 5 μm (PM5 fraction) and total and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were simultaneously monitored indoors and outdoors in restaurants, offices and oth er places. The levels of CO changed simultaneously outdoors and indoors (r = 0.89), especially during traffic rush hours, masking the contribution of other indoor sources and showing the importance of infiltration of outdoor air indoors. CO concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 73 ppm and 0.5 to 93 ppm for indoors and outdoors, respectively. The highest running 8-hour average levels measured were 16 and 18 ppm, respectively. These levels exceeded the Chilean 8-hour standard of 9 ppm to the extent of 178% indoors and by more than 200% outdoors. PM5 concentrations were high and showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between indoors and outdoors: levels in restaurants, offices and other places were not significantly different from each other. The concentrations of total and carcinogenic PAHs were also high indoors and outdoors, outdoor levels being higher than those indoors although no significant differences (p > 0.05) in indoor levels were found between restaurants and offices and between offices and other places. Nicotine levels showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between indoor and outdoor levels. In addition, great differences (p < 0.05) in indoor levels were also found between offices and restaurants, and offices and other places. Mutagenic response in Salmonella typhimurium by organic extracts from PM 5 collected in downtown Santiago in Bandera street and in a rural area showed that the extracts from the Santiago samples are highly mutagenic. These results suggest that in downtown Santiago, infiltration might be the main source of indoor pollution. Symptoms and health effects probably related to air pollution in people working in Bandera street and in Curacavi, a rural area located 45 km from Santiago were surveyed. This showed clearly that people working in downtown Santiago have greater frequency of eye complaints, sneezing attacks, cough, throat dryness and rhinitis.
Designing Transformers for the Power Supply of a Transmission Line Inspection Robot

SUMMARY This work describes the design and the prototype essays of power transformers to be part of a power supply system that grabs energy from power line cables to supply line inspection robots. The power levels obtained are compatible with the robot power needed when using a carefully designed energy management system. Two variants of the designed transformer, based on UI or UU laminations, denoted respectively TUI and TUU, are presented in the paper along with a discussion on limitations and possible improvements. The basic design principle to harvest the magnetic energy requires a magnetic core surrounding the power cable which acts as a single turn primary winding of a transformer. The secondary is coiled around the core. The typical range of line currents to be considered for the operation of the transformer lies between 100 and 1000A, with the transformer itself having almost no influence in this current. The line current variation must be accounted for in the power converter stage that interfaces the transformer from the robot, by making the transformer supplying a slowly varying resistive load [2,3]. The power cable cylindrical structure leads naturally to a toroidal shape for the transformer core. With a primary winding section around 500 mm2 (the typical section area of a high voltage power line) the toroid inner window must accommodate the power cable and the secondary winding, while allowing some margin for isolation. The prototypes developed use off-the-shelf UI and UU cores instead. The resulting transformers show very interesting measured power outputs of 600W (TUI) and 290W (TUU), respectively at 300A and 350A line currents. Such power levels clearly indicate that this type of power supply is indeed a valid option that can still be improved by selecting adequate toroidal cores and tuning the design parameters.