Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Robust AdaBoost.RT Based Ensemble Extreme Learning Machine

Extreme learning machine (ELM) has been well recognized as an effective learning algorithm with extremely fast learning speed and high generalization performance. However, to deal with the regression applications involving big data, the stability and accuracy of ELM shall be further enhanced. In this paper, a new hybrid machine learning method called robust AdaBoost.RT based ensemble ELM (RAE-ELM) for regression problems is proposed, which combined ELM with the novel robust AdaBoost.RT algorithm to achieve better approximation accuracy than using only single ELM network. The robust threshold for each weak learner will be adaptive according to the weak learner’s performance on the corresponding problem dataset. Therefore, RAE-ELM could output the final hypotheses in optimally weighted ensemble of weak learners. On the other hand, ELM is a quick learner with high regression performance, which makes it a good candidate of “weak” learners. We prove that the empirical error of the RAE-ELM is within a significantly superior bound. The experimental verification has shown that the proposed RAE-ELM outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms on many real-world regression problems.
Alpine landslide periodical survey

Potential and limitations of differential SAR interferometry for the periodical survey of Alpine displacements are investigated. For the Alpine territory, which is characterized by low vegetation, C-band differential SAR interferometry shows a relatively high coherence during the snow-free season permitting the detection and monitoring of unstable slopes on a regular basis. Limitations to the spatial coverage arise from decorrelation over forested and snow covered areas and from layover and shadowing caused by the very rugged topography. Significant results in the Swiss Alps using ERS-1/2 SAR data are used as support to our investigations.
Metal‐to‐Semiconductor Transition and Electronic Dimensionality Reduction of Ca2N Electride under Pressure

The discovery of electrides, in particular, inorganic electrides where electrons substitute anions, has inspired striking interests in the systems that exhibit unusual electronic and catalytic properties. So far, however, the experimental studies of such systems are largely restricted to ambient conditions, unable to understand their interactions between electron localizations and geometrical modifications under external stimuli, e.g., pressure. Here, pressure‐induced structural and electronic evolutions of Ca2N by in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and electrical resistance measurements, and density functional theory calculations with particle swarm optimization algorithms are reported. Experiments and computation are combined to reveal that under compression, Ca2N undergoes structural transforms from R 3¯m symmetry to I 4¯ 2d phase via an intermediate Fd 3¯m phase, and then to Cc phase, accompanied by the reductions of electronic dimensionality from 2D, 1D to 0D. Electrical resistance measurements support a metal‐to‐semiconductor transition in Ca2N because of the reorganizations of confined electrons under pressure, also validated by the calculation. The results demonstrate unexplored experimental evidence for a pressure‐induced metal‐to‐semiconductor switching in Ca2N and offer a possible strategy for producing new electrides under moderate pressure.
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy: Strategies, challenges, and successes

Targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules into cancer cells is considered as a promising strategy to tackle cancer. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), in which a monoclonal antibody (mAb) is conjugated to biologically active drugs through chemical linkers, have emerged as a promising class of anticancer treatment agents, being one of the fastest growing fields in cancer therapy. The failure of early ADCs led researchers to explore strategies to develop more effective and improved ADCs with lower levels of unconjugated mAbs and more‐stable linkers between the drug and the antibody, which show improved pharmacokinetic properties, therapeutic indexes, and safety profiles. Such improvements resulted in the US Food and Drug Administration approvals of brentuximab vedotin, trastuzumab emtansine, and, more recently, inotuzumab ozogamicin. In addition, recent clinical outcomes have sparked additional interest, which leads to the dramatically increased number of ADCs in clinical development. The present review explores ADCs, their main characteristics, and new research developments, as well as discusses strategies for the selection of the most appropriate target antigens, mAbs, cytotoxic drugs, linkers, and conjugation chemistries.
Development and Validation of a Patient-reported Score to Screen for Mucosal Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patient-reported outcome measures [PROMs] assessing inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] activity are of interest for monitoring in clinical practice, telemedicine systems, or trials. Different PROMs for follow-up of disease activity are available; however, none was developed with endoscopy as gold standard. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a PROM to predict endoscopic disease activity, following the recommendations of the Food and Drug Administration. METHODS During development, 178 IBD patients undergoing a colonoscopy were asked to fill out 13 clinical questions derived from the literature. During endoscopy, inflammation was assessed with the simplified endoscopic score for Crohn's disease [CD] and the Mayo endoscopic subscore for ulcerative colitis [UC]. Based on correlation with endoscopic inflammation, questions were reduced to a total of six for CD and five for UC. The newly developed Monitor IBD At Home questionnaire [MIAH] was validated in an independent cohort of 135 CD and 131 UC patients. Additionally, diagnostic accuracy of the MIAH combined with a calprotectin home test [CHT] was assessed. RESULTS The MIAH-CD includes questions on rectal bleeding, mucus, stool frequency, urgency, fatigue, and patient-reported disease activity. The MIAH-UC contains items on rectal bleeding, stool frequency, urgency, abdominal pain, and patient-reported disease activity. Both questionnaires showed to be valid, reliable, and responsive to changes. The MIAH and CHT combined had a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value [NPV], and positive predicitive value [PPV] of 96.7%, 66.7%, 94.7%, and 76.3% for CD and of 88.2%, 81.4%, 95.6%, and 60.0% for UC, respectively, compared with endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS The MIAH is the first PROM developed to predict endoscopic inflammation in IBD patients. A combination of this questionnaire and a CHT shows excellent diagnostic accuracy to screen for patients who need further assessment of disease activity, and can be used in daily practice, telemedicine systems, and trials.
Associations between schizophrenia genetic risk, anxiety disorders and manic/hypomanic episode in a longitudinal population cohort study

Background Studies involving clinically recruited samples show that genetic liability to schizophrenia overlaps with that for several psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder, major depression and, in a population study, anxiety disorder and negative symptoms in adolescence. Aims We examined whether, at a population level, association between schizophrenia liability and anxiety disorders continues into adulthood, for specific anxiety disorders and as a group. We explored in an epidemiologically based cohort the nature of adult psychopathology sharing liability to schizophrenia. Method Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were calculated for 590 European-descent individuals from the Christchurch Health and Development Study. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between schizophrenia PRS and four anxiety disorders (social phobia, specific phobia, panic disorder and generalised anxiety disorder), schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder, manic/hypomanic episode, alcohol dependence, major depression, and – using linear regression – total number of anxiety disorders. A novel population-level association with hypomania was tested in a UK birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children). Results Schizophrenia PRS was associated with total number of anxiety disorders and with generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder. We show a novel population-level association between schizophrenia PRS and manic/hypomanic episode. Conclusions The relationship between schizophrenia liability and anxiety disorders is not restricted to psychopathology in adolescence but is present in adulthood and specifically linked to generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder. We suggest that the association between schizophrenia liability and hypomanic/manic episodes found in clinical samples may not be due to bias. Declarations of interest None.
HCqa: Hybrid and Complex Question Answering on Textual Corpus and Knowledge Graph

Question Answering (QA) systems provide easy access to the vast amount of knowledge without having to know the underlying complex structure of the knowledge. The research community has provided ad hoc solutions to the key QA tasks, including named entity recognition and disambiguation, relation extraction and query building. Furthermore, some have integrated and composed these components to implement many tasks automatically and efficiently. However, in general, the existing solutions are limited to simple and short questions and still do not address complex questions composed of several sub-questions. Exploiting the answer to complex questions is further challenged if it requires integrating knowledge from unstructured data sources, i.e., textual corpus, as well as structured data sources, i.e., knowledge graphs. In this paper, an approach (HCqa) is introduced for dealing with complex questions requiring federating knowledge from a hybrid of heterogeneous data sources (structured and unstructured). We contribute in developing (i) a decomposition mechanism which extracts sub-questions from potentially long and complex input questions, (ii) a novel comprehensive schema, first of its kind, for extracting and annotating relations, and (iii) an approach for executing and aggregating the answers of sub-questions. The evaluation of HCqa showed a superior accuracy in the fundamental tasks, such as relation extraction, as well as the federation task.
Linear Time-Invariant Behavioral Digital Models of Frequency-Periodic RF/Microwave Filters

Analog RF/microwave passive filters are traditionally realized by means of electromagnetically-coupled-resonator circuit networks. Nevertheless, alternative design techniques can be exploited to synthesize advanced filtering transfer functions, such as those based on signal-interference principles and generalized stub-loaded-circuit approaches. Contrary to the filtering responses that are synthesized through conventional coupling-matrix-based procedures, the theoretical power transmission parameters of these filtering circuits are usually frequency periodic. Hence, they can be directly matched with the frequency response of an associated digital model. In this paper, this behavioral methodology is applied to the design of novel linear time-invariant digital systems with transfer functions that are inspired by frequency-periodic analog RF/microwave passive filters. Specifically, the coefficients corresponding to the two following synthesis examples are extracted and presented: i) signal-interference quasi-elliptic-type bandpass filter with in-band linear-phase profile and ii) stub-loaded-based dual-passband filter with multiple transmission zeros (TZs). Furthermore, the properties of their associated analog-inspired linear time-invariant digital systems are discussed.
Rationale in Developers' Communication

Developers make various decisions during software development. Rationale is the justification behind decisions, including the raised issues, the proposed alternative solutions, and the arguments for or against these alternatives. Rationale is of great importance during software maintenance and evolution. It helps developers understand the intent behind past decisions. Moreover, rationale supports software system documentation, software comprehension, and enhances software artifacts traceability and change impact analysis. However, developers often resist capturing rationale in practice due to the intrusiveness of rationale capturing, as this activity is not fully integrated into current software engineering practices. Additionally, many rationale capturing approaches are too formal and require heavy human involvement to be acceptable by software developers. As a consequence, rationale remains implicit in the head of software developers or embedded in developers’ communication and development artifacts. This dissertation aims to: (i) understand how developers discuss rationale in text-based communication channels during software development, and (ii) support software developers in capturing rationale by developing capturing methods integrated into these channels. To this end, we conducted three empirical studies to better understand how developers discuss rationale in two communication channels: chat messages and issue tracking systems, in co-located as well as distributed development teams. We found that developers’ communications are valuable sources of rationale during software development. To support developers in capturing rationale, we present REACT, a lightweight manual method to identify rationale elements in the chat messages exchanged by developers. We evaluated REACT in two studies and found that REACT is easy to learn and simple to apply. However, developers still perceive identifying rationale elements as a cognitive overhead while communicating over chat messages. To address this problem, we devel-
Clinical exigencies, psychosocial realities: negotiating HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis beyond the cascade among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Canada

Notwithstanding the efficacy of oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in clinical trials, a number of obstacles exist to achieving population‐level impact among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM). However, few studies have explored the subjective experiences of GBM PrEP users and non‐users in the community, outside of clinical trials. The objectives of this study were to explore GBM's experiences of considering, accessing and using (or not using) PrEP, and to understand emerging sexual health, social and community issues among GBM in the PrEP era.
Response of the Biocontrol Agent Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes AVO110 to Rosellinia necatrix Exudate

Diseases associated with fungal root invasion cause a significant loss of fruit tree production worldwide. The bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes AVO110 controls avocado white root rot disease caused by Rosellinia necatrix by using mechanisms involving competition for nutrients and niches. Here, a functional genomics approach was conducted to identify the bacterial traits involved in the interaction with this fungal pathogen. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the multitrophic interactions established among bacterial biocontrol agents, the plant rhizosphere, and the mycelia of soilborne pathogens. ABSTRACT The rhizobacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes AVO110, isolated by the enrichment of competitive avocado root tip colonizers, controls avocado white root rot disease caused by Rosellinia necatrix. Here, we applied signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) during the growth and survival of AVO110 in fungal exudate-containing medium with the goal of identifying the molecular mechanisms linked to the interaction of this bacterium with R. necatrix. A total of 26 STM mutants outcompeted by the parental strain in fungal exudate, but not in rich medium, were selected and named growth-attenuated mutants (GAMs). Twenty-one genes were identified as being required for this bacterial-fungal interaction, including membrane transporters, transcriptional regulators, and genes related to the metabolism of hydrocarbons, amino acids, fatty acids, and aromatic compounds. The bacterial traits identified here that are involved in the colonization of fungal hyphae include proteins involved in membrane maintenance (a dynamin-like protein and ColS) or cyclic-di-GMP signaling and chemotaxis. In addition, genes encoding a DNA helicase (recB) and a regulator of alginate production (algQ) were identified as being required for efficient colonization of the avocado rhizosphere. IMPORTANCE Diseases associated with fungal root invasion cause a significant loss of fruit tree production worldwide. The bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes AVO110 controls avocado white root rot disease caused by Rosellinia necatrix by using mechanisms involving competition for nutrients and niches. Here, a functional genomics approach was conducted to identify the bacterial traits involved in the interaction with this fungal pathogen. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the multitrophic interactions established among bacterial biocontrol agents, the plant rhizosphere, and the mycelia of soilborne pathogens.
Intelligent Systems for Engineers and Scientists

INTRODUCTION Intelligent Systems Knowledge-Based Systems The Knowledge Base Deduction, Abduction, and Induction The Inference Engine Declarative and Procedural Programming Expert Systems Knowledge Acquisition Search Computational Intelligence Integration with other Software RULE-BASED SYSTEMS Rules and Facts A Rule-Based System for Boiler Control Rule Examination and Rule Firing Maintaining Consistency The Closed-World Assumption Use of Variables within Rules Forward-Chaining Conflict Resolution Backward-Chaining A Hybrid Strategy Explanation Facilities DEALING WITH UNCERTAINTY Sources of Uncertainty Bayesian Updating Certainty Theory Fuzzy Logic Other Techniques OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS Objects and Frames An Illustrative Example Introducing OOP Data Abstraction Inheritance Encapsulation Unified Modeling Language (UML) Dynamic (or late) Binding Message Passing and Function Calls Type Checking Further Aspects of OOP Frame-Based Systems INTELLIGENT AGENTS Characteristics of an Intelligent Agent Agents and Objects Agent Architectures Multiagent Systems SYMBOLIC LEARNING Introduction Learning by Induction Case-Based Reasoning OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS Optimization The Search Space Searching the Search Space Hill-Climbing and Gradient Descent Algorithms Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithms NEURAL NETWORKS Introduction Neural Network Applications Nodes and Interconnections Single and Multilayer Perceptrons The Hopfield Network MAXNET The Hamming Network Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) Networks Kohonen Self-Organizing Networks Radial Basis Function Networks HYBRID SYSTEMS Convergence of Techniques Blackboard Systems Genetic-Fuzzy Systems Neuro-Fuzzy Systems Genetic Neural Systems Clarifying and Verifying Neural Networks Learning Classifier Systems TOOLS AND LANGUAGES A Range of Intelligent Systems Tools Expert System Shells Toolkits and Libraries Artificial Intelligence Languages Lisp Prolog Comparison of AI Languages SYSTEMS FOR INTERPRETATION AND DIAGNOSIS Introduction Deduction and Abduction for Diagnosis Depth of Knowledge Model-Based Reasoning Case Study: A Blackboard System for Interpreting Ultrasonic Images SYSTEMS FOR DESIGN AND SELECTION The Design Process Design as a Search Problem Computer Aided Design The Product Design Specification (PDS) Conceptual Design Constraint Propagation and Truth Maintenance Case Study: The Design of a Lightweight Beam Design as a Selection Exercise Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) SYSTEMS FOR PLANNING Introduction Classical Planning Systems STRIPS Considering the Side Effects of Actions Hierarchical Planning Postponement of Commitment Job-Shop Scheduling Constraint-Based Analysis Replanning and Reactive Planning SYSTEMS FOR CONTROL Introduction Low-Level Control Requirements of High-Level (Supervisory) Control Blackboard Maintenance Time-Constrained Reasoning Fuzzy Control The BOXES Controller Neural Network Controllers Statistical Process Control (SPC) CONCLUDING REMARKS Benefits Information Trends INDEX
Glial Cells and Retinal Nerve Fibers Morphology in the Optic Nerves of Streptozotocin-induced Hyperglycemic Rats

Purpose: This study analyzes the structures of optic nerve elements, i.e., glial cells and nerve fibers, in an STZ-induced hyperglycemic animal model. Morphological changes in glial elements of the optic nerve in hyperglycemic and normoglycemic animals were compared. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and morphometry were used in this study. Results: Hyperglycemia increased the numbers of inner mesaxons and axons with degenerative profiles. Furthermore, it led to both an increase in the amount of debris and in the numbers of secondary lysosomic vesicles in glial cytoplasm. Hyperglycemia also led to a decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and an increase in periodic acid-Schiff-positive deposits in the optic nerves of hyperglycemic animals. Conclusion: We conclude that the damage to the structural elements observed in our animal models contributes to the pathogenesis of optic neuropathy in the early stages of diabetes.
Diversity Performance of Benchmark Scenarios for Hidden Vehicle-to-X Antennas Underneath the Roof

Various benchmark scenarios at 5.9 GHz for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) antennas hidden underneath the roof of the car are investigated. Spatial micro-diversity combining techniques compensate to a great extent the worsening of performance by hiding the antennas underneath the chassis. The feasibility of a new hidden position underneath the back of the roof is investigated. It shows better performance than the system centered underneath the roof. It is also demonstrated that such diversity systems counteract the disturbing effects of random scenarios that occur in a trip, such as the presence of human bodies or roll down of the side windows. Simulations with high-frequency asymptotic methods show good agreement with measurements performed in an outdoor far-field test range.
Heterogeneous Integration on Silicon Photonics

To enhance the functionality of the standard silicon photonics platform and to overcome its limitations, in particular for light emission, ultrafast modulation, and nonlinear applications, integration with novel materials is being investigated by several groups. In this paper, we will discuss, among others, the integration of silicon waveguides with ferroelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BTO), with electro–optically active polymers, with 2-D materials such as graphene and with III–V semiconductors through epitaxy. We discuss both the technology and design aspects.