Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of row unit settings and ground speed of modern spindle-type harvesters on cotton fibre and seed quality

A large study was conducted during the 2015 growing season in Australia using a modern spindletype cotton harvester. The aim of this trial was to establish the influence of ground speed, compressor plate pressure setting, and scrapping plates on fibre and seed quality. Fibre quality was measured by HVI, AFIS PRO, and Cottonscope, and seed quality was assessed for mechanical damage and residual lint by industry-approved methods. This study concluded that although mechanical seed damage fell within the acceptable range, the level of mechanical damaged seed increased slightly with the addition of scrapping plates and as the front and back compressor plate pressure settings were increased. In terms of fibre quality, the study observed that ground speed had little or no effect on fibre quality. However, the addition of scrapping plates, on the back compressor plate, resulted in a weak positive but statistically significant relationship in terms of strength, fineness and colour resulting in an improvement of one colour grade . ARTICLE HISTORY Received 17 September 2020 Accepted 5 November 2020
Numerical Solution of Biomagnetic Power-Law Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel

The effect of non-Newtonian biomagnetic power-law fluid in a channel undergoing external localised magnetic fields is investigated. The governing equations are derived by considering both effects of Ferrohydrodynamics (FHD) and Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). These governing equations are difficult to solve due to the inclusion of source term from magnetic equation and the nonlinearity of the power-law model. Numerical scheme of Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP) is developed to solve the governing equations numerically. Extensive results carried out show that this method is efficient on studying the biomagnetic and non-Newtonian power-law flow. New results show that the inclusion of power-law model affects the vortex formation, skin friction and heat transfer parameter significantly. Regardless of the power-law index, the vortex formation length increases when Magnetic number increases. The effect of this vortex however decreases with the inclusion of power-law where in the shear thinning case, the arising vortex is more pronounced than in the shear thickening case. Furthermore, increasing of power-law index from shear thinning to shear thickening, decreases the wall shear stress and heat transfer parameters. However for high Magnetic number, the wall shear stress and heat transfer parameters increase especially near the location of the magnetic source. The results can be used as a guide on assessing the potential effects of radiofrequency fields (RF) from electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure on blood vessel.
Synthesis of Aluminum Oxide Platelets

Aqueous solutions of boehmite and hydrofluoric acid (HF) were used to prepare homogeneous mixtures of alumina and aluminum fluoride. Calcination at temperatures as low as 1000°C resulted in the formation of well-defined hexagonal-shaped α-alumina platelets. Containment of the aluminum fluoride by covering the calcination crucible promoted crystal growth presumably by a reaction of continuous evaporation–condensation of aluminum fluoride. Hexagonal-shaped platelet α-alumina was observed with average diameters ranging from 7 to 33 μm. Large platelets with a narrow size distribution and average diameter of over 25 μm were prepared by controlling the initial concentration of HF and the calcination time, temperature, and atmosphere.
Simulated Experiment of Water-Sand Inrush across Overlying Strata Fissures Caused by Mining

In western region of China, the water-sand inrush across overlying strata fissures caused by mining threatens the mine safety production seriously. In order to study the development of water-sand inrush across overlying strata fissures caused by mining, a simulated test system consisted of load support bracket, laboratory module, confined water module, coal seam mining simulator, storage tank, and control system is developed. The combination of coal bearing strata in the south of Shendong mining area is looked on as the engineering background, and a series of new nonhydrophilic composite materials with lower intensity are developed to simulate the coal measure strata. The excavation of physical model can reproduce the whole process of water-sand inrush across overlying strata fissures caused by mining to the life. Under the action of mining and water pressure, after the fourth excavation, the mining-induced vertical fractures of overlying strata pass through the entire bedrock and connect the unconsolidated sand bed, which serves as pathways between the unconsolidated sand bed and working face, triggering water-sand inrush. The water pump suddenly accelerates, and the water yield suddenly increases to the extreme value of 150 L/h. The water pressure rapidly drops to 0 MPa, and a small amount of colored sand enters into the fractures of overlying strata and flows out with the water. The distribution of support pressure around the working face can be divided into 4 areas obviously, that is, the original stress area, the stress-concentrated area, the stress-released area, and the stress restoration area. Test results show that the system is stable and reliable, which have important significance for studying the formation mechanism of water-sand inrush across overlying strata fissures further.
Heterochronic origin of spherical fusulinid foraminifera in the late Paleozoic

Abstract. Heterochrony describes acceleration, displacement, and/or retardation of descendants' development events compared with ancestral states and has often been cited as an important process to bring about morphological novelty. It was coined one-and-a-half centuries ago and has been discussed by both paleobiologists and biologists frequently ever since. Many types of fossil organisms preserve aspects of their development histories in their bones or shells that have been used for heterochrony analyses, with body size being used as a developmental age indicator, despite questions being raised regarding this practice. For organisms whose hard structures consist of multiple chambers, or that contain growth lines, age information suggested by these structures independently can facilitate ontogenetic modeling. In this way, relations among size, shape, and age can be established to document patterns of morphological development. Morphological analysis of pseudoschwagerine fusulinids, a fossil foraminifera group that developed a morphologically novel spherical shell, along with their presumptive triticitid ancestors illustrates this approach to heterochrony analysis. Ontogenetic trajectory comparisons of four major pseudoschwagerine genera, as well as those of triticitids, document relations between their shapes, sizes, and developmental ages. A complex of heterochronic patterns, including peramorphic predisplacement, hypermorphosis, and acceleration, characterize pseudoschwagerine development and appear to be responsible for the novel appearance of large, inflated fusiform and spherical tests in these late Paleozoic benthic foraminifera. The morphometric approach employed in this investigation could be applied widely in the quantitative morphological studies of development histories in a variety of other fossil groups.
Examining age structure and estimating mortality rates in Ottoman Bursa using mid-nineteenth-century population registers

Abstract This study aims to document the age structure and mortality by age in the Ottoman city of Bursa that served as a politically and commercially significant urban center over centuries. It uses a set of hitherto unexamined Ottoman population registers kept in 1839 and updated until 1842 that provide detailed self-reported data on all male inhabitants regardless of age, including deaths, births, and migration. The study tests the quality of age and mortality data in conjunction with the Coale and Demeny regional model life tables and compares the results to historical demographic studies conducted for European regions. The results point to a demographic structure marked by high birth and death rates and prove promising for extending back the study of Ottoman demographic transition and establishing historical comparison points with the global experience.
Tropospheric airborne Fourier transform spectrometer (TAFTS)

TAFTS is an airborne far-infra-red Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) currently under construction. It is designed to make spectroscopic measurements of high radiometric accuracy in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere in the band 12 micrometer to 120 micrometer (800 cm-1 to 80 cm-1). Its scientific mission is the direct observation of the radiative properties of upper troposphere humidity (UTH) and cirrus clouds, both of which have been shown by modeling studies to have great significance in the global radiation budget. Details of the instrument's design are presented.
Arctic chironomids of the northwest North Atlantic reflect environmental and biogeographic gradients

While we understand broad climate drivers of insect distributions throughout the Arctic, less is known about the role of spatial processes in determining these relationships. As such, there is a need to understand how spatial controls may influence our interpretations of chironomid environment relationships. Here, we evaluated whether the distribution of chironomids followed spatial gradients, or were primarily controlled by environmental factors.
Building a Spatial Information System to Support the Development of Agriculture in Poland and Ukraine

The space of rural areas is subject to constant changes in terms of structure and development. The area structure of rural areas, especially in the south and east of Poland, remains unsatisfactory. The weakness of Polish agriculture is the fragmentation of the area structure of its farms; this was due to historical, natural, economic and social factors and, to a large extent, tradition. Therefore, the current status of agricultural land in Poland requires carrying out many arrangement and agricultural operations. In Ukraine, there is also no coherent IT system that would allow for the efficient management of rural space and agriculture. In order to conduct a coherent rural development policy in the region, the self-governments in Poland and in Ukraine are facing the need to expand the existing spatial information infrastructure system. This study is a proposal to expand the spatial information system with elements related only to agricultural surveying. To this end, the concept of building the Agricultural Geodesy Module was created as an element of the region’s spatial information system. The Agricultural Land Surveying Module will be an information repository and will enable powering the region’s database. Data supplying the repository will be divided into source data, operational data, metadata and final studies, such as analyses or reports. These data will not only be used by the local government of the region, but will also be made available to external users.
Molecular Identification of Bacillus Derived from the Common Carp Intestine and Their Antibiotics Resistance

The use of bacteria as a biological control agent in aquaculture is such new hope overcoming the negative impacts of the impropriate use of antibiotics. Bacillus is widely known as a potential probiotic for aquaculture, especially which are derived from aquatic biota. Due to a concern that the role of Bacillus as a probiotic agent will be disrupted by residues of antibiotics in the water, this research aimed to identify Bacillus species from common carp intestine based on the molecular method and investigate their resistance to some com-mercial antibiotics that widely used in aquaculture. Chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and metronidazole were used to determine the Bacillus resistance to antibiotics using the Kirby Bauer method. The resistance assay was carried out with a bacterial density of 10 8 CFU/mL. The results showed that Bacillus isolates derived from common carp intestine were closely related and resistant to antibiotics. Isolates that resistant to the three types of antibiotics were Cc.1. 9 (CgN9) and Cc.2. 18 (CgM18).
Automatic Detection for Dam Restored Concrete Based on DeepLabv3+

The concrete surface defects caused by various factors need to be repaired since the construction stage of the concrete dam. However, the binding strength between restored concrete and the original concrete will gradually get worse in the long run and appear some problems such as peeling. At present, the repaired concrete is mainly checked by the workforce, but it is time-consuming, inefficient, and hard to quantitative evaluate, such as the peeling area. A semantic segmentation method based on the DeepLabv3+ with ResNet50 backbone is proposed to restored concrete identification automatically. The dam restored concrete data set is established, including 372 high-resolution images to verify the method. The results indicated that the DeepLabv3+ model finally reaches 0.68 mIoU on the test set, which is a practical way to detect dam restored concrete.
Invisible Loss: A Delphi Approach to Develop A Term for Individuals Who Experienced Perinatal Loss

ABSTRACT The purpose of this Delphi pilot study was to 1) identify potential benefits to people who experienced perinatal loss if a term were established; 2) develop a term for people who experienced a perinatal loss because, at present, no term exists; and, 3) identify areas of consensus and contention between perinatal loss professionals and parents when considering terminology. Fifty-five participants (perinatal loss professionals, n = 33; perinatally bereaved parents, n = 22) proposed, reviewed, and rated terms through three rounds of surveys until bereaved parent was selected. Top terms were equally preferred between parents and professionals and, in general, participants described benefits to term development. Findings provide the perinatal loss community a first step in considering terminology.
Spatio-Temporal Variability of Anthropogenic and Natural Wrack Accumulations along the Driftline: Marine Litter Overcomes Wrack in the Northern Sandy Beaches of Portugal

Marine litter can end up deposited on sandy beaches and become entangled in the natural wrack, threatening its roles in ecosystems. However, it is currently unknown whether the storage of both artificial and natural accumulations on sandy beaches is correlated. Here, we quantified and compared, by first time, the litter and natural wrack on five sandy beaches in the north of Portugal. Results showed that the amount of marine litter and natural wrack were not correlated. Most of the sandy beaches had more litter than wrack and both artificial and natural accumulations disclosed high spatio-temporal variability. In summer, annual and opportunistic macroalgae dominated the wrack, while the litter was mainly formed by cigarette butts and leftover food. In winter, perennial taxa were more abundant in the wrack and plastics from mussel farming and cotton bud sticks dominated the litter. The macroalga Fucus spp. , plastic pieces and materials from fishing were frequent in both periods. This study confirms that, currently, more litter than natural wrack reaches the Northern Portuguese sandy beaches, evidencing the need to take urgent measures against this contamination. Future management measures should consider this spatio-temporal variability to quantify both depositions.
Characterization of the motion of spin probes and spin labels in amorphous polymers with two-dimensional field-step ELDOR

The motion of nitroxide spin probes and spin labels in amorphous polymers is studied below the glass transition temperature with a two-dimensional pulsed electron double-resonance experiment. Polystyrene and a liquid crystalline side group polymer are studied using both spin probes and spin labels covalently bound to specific sites along the polymer chain. Two methyl acrylic polymers differing only in their side group structure and polyvinylacetate are compared and large differences in the molecular dynamics deduced from both the nuclear and the electron spin relaxation rates are observed as the glass transition is approached. The results demonstrate the complexity of small amplitude motion in simple polymers below the glass transition temperature and show that it is very sensitive to the packing in the polymer. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tip in Situ Chemical Modification and Its Effects on Tribological Measurements

In this paper, we present our experimental results on the process of the in situ chemical modification of the silicon nitride atomic force microscopy/frictional force microscopy tip by n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTE)/mica, OTE/SiO2, and SiO2. The modified tips have different friction and adhesion properties against mica reference samples compared to those before modification. The resultant tip modification depends not only on OTE self-assembled monolayer (SAM) but also on the substrates the OTE SAM is prepared on. In the case of OTE/mica, the friction of the modified tip against mica reference is greatly reduced; in the case of OTE/SiO2, the friction of the modified tip against mica reference is greatly increased. It is surprising that bare SiO2 can also chemically modify the Si3N4 tip to increase the friction against mica reference. In the case of OTE modification, it was found that the tips could be cleaned by repetitive friction scans on mica. However, a tip modified by SiO2 cannot be mechanically cl.
Visualising the Collaboration Network of a European Marine Research Infrastructure

Collaboration has been recognised as an effective mean to foster the performance of research organisations. Throughout the years, numerous initiatives and investments have been made towards building research capacity and promoting collaborative research. With a focus on the effects of the implementation of a distributed Research Infrastructure on Marine Sciences – the European Marine Biological Resource Centre (EMBRC-ERIC), this study applies bibliometric approaches and social network theory to examine the structure, characteristics and trends in the collaboration network of the European Marine Sciences research community over the last 20 years.
Changes to anthropogenic pressures on reach-scale rivers in South and Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2014

Rivers are essential to human livelihoods and agricultural production, yet human usage and irrigation are jeopardizing river sustainability. It is thus crucial to investigate the fine-scaled spatiotemporal dynamics of anthropogenic pressures on rivers. Most research, however, is conducted at the grid-scale, which impedes detailed investigations. In this study, by tracking anthropogenic pressures at the scale of river reaches (the length of river between river confluences) in South and Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2014, we provide new insights into anthropogenic pressures on river reaches using a simple and straightforward approach. We selected human usage (represented by built-up area) and irrigation (represented by irrigated area) as two fundamental indicators of anthropogenic pressure. We divided the study area into 5 × 5 km grids and calculated anthropogenic pressures on each grid to its nearest river reach. Pressures were calculated as the ratio of built-up and irrigated area to the distance between grids and reaches. Groundwater was also included to adjust for additional irrigation-induced pressures on reaches. Anthropogenic pressures on each reach were then calculated by summing pressures from the two indicators of all grids attached to it. Results indicate that >50% of reaches are affected by anthropogenic activities and that average pressures increase by ∼15% from 1990 to 2014, with hotspots concentrated in eastern Pakistan and northern India. Irrigation is the dominant pressure on ∼33% of reaches, while human usage is dominant for ∼24% of reaches. Anthropogenic pressures within transboundary river basins vary longitudinally, increasing as distance from the ocean declines. Pressures also vary significantly with reach size. Although large rivers suffer from greater anthropogenic pressures, they are rising more rapidly for small rivers. Empirically, this study reveals the increasing and heterogeneous nature of anthropogenic pressures on river reaches in South and Southeast Asia. Methodologically, it suggests that reach-scale river sustainability assessment can serve as a promising approach for researching and managing regional and transboundary rivers.
Identification and Implications of Trimethyl-n-Alkylbenzenes in Marine Oils from the Deep Tarim Basin

The source of marine oils from the deep Tarim Basin is still in debate due to several alteration processes of source indicators. A series of trimethyl-alkylbenzenes has been detected in marine oils from this old, composite basin, besides the reported aryl isoprenoids with 2,3,6-trimethyl substitution (AIPs). They are characterized by regular gas chromatography elution pattern, which is similar to that of n-alkylbenzenes, and suggest a strong possibility of n-alkyl side chains. C15 trimethyl-n-alkylbenzenes were synthesized by Friedel–Crafts acylation of trimethylbenzene isomers to determine their structures. Based on the chromatography and mass spectra data and the coinjection of synthesized compounds, this series of compounds has been assigned as the 2,4,5-trimethyl-n-alkylbenzenes that coeluted with 2,3,5-trimethyl-n-alkylbenzenes, and other trimethyl-n-alkylbenzene isomers were also detected. This series of trimethyl-n-alkylbenzene (AAs) shows much higher relative abundances in light and waxy oils than in normal and heavy oils, which is opposite to the variation in relative abundances of aryl isoprenoids. The ratios of these trimethyl-n-alkylbenzenes to the aryl isoprenoids (AA/AIP ratio) generally show a good correlation with the maturity indicators for most of studied oils despite of some outliers (mainly condensates). The pyrolysis of asphaltenes has confirmed these trends. These results support an important control of thermal stress on the molecular compositions of marine oils from the deep Tarim Basin, besides other secondary alteration processes (such as oil mixing and migration fractionation, among others). These factors should be given a full consideration for the source determination of deep and ultradeep oils.
Power Integrity Analysis of Power Distribution Network Segmented Using DGS–Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure in Mixed-Signal PCBs

In this paper, we present the power integrity analysis of a power distribution network (PDN) employing a segmentation technique based on the electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure with a defected ground structure (DGS). For efficient analysis of power integrity, a domain decomposition method (DDM) with a novel modeling of the DGS–EBG-based PDN is presented. In the DDM, analytical models for the partitioned parts of the PDN are developed, and their impedance parameters are analytically extracted. The resonant modes for the power integrity analysis are rigorously examined using the DDM and electric-field distribution. The effect of the DGS–EBG stopband on the resonant modes are analyzed. The proposed DDM and power integrity analysis are verified using full-wave simulation and measurements. The DDM result shows good agreement with the full-wave simulation and measurements.