Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppression of tryptophan synthase activates cotton immunity by triggering cell death via promoting SA synthesis

Primary metabolism plays an important role in plant growth and development, however the relationship between primary metabolism and the adaptive immune response is largely unknown. Here, we employed RNA interference (RNAi), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, phytohormone profiling, genetic studies, and transcriptome and metabolome analysis to investigate the function of the tryptophan synthesis pathway in the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae. We found that knock-down of GbTSA1 (Tryptophan Synthase α) and GbTSB1 (tryptophan synthase β) induced a spontaneous cell death phenotype in a salicylic acid (SA)-dependent manner and enhanced resistance to V. dahliae in cotton plants. Metabolome analysis showed that indole and indolic metabolites were highly accumulated in GbTSA1- or GbTSB1-silenced plants. Transcriptomic analysis showed that exogenous indole promotes the expression levels of genes involved in SA synthesis and the defense response. Similarly, indole application strongly enhanced cotton resistance to V. dahliae. These results suggested that metabolic intermediates in the Trp synthesis pathway may be a signal to activate SA synthesis. These results also provided a strategy to elicit plant defense responses by the application of indole.
Sickness presenteeism at work: prevalence, costs and management.

INTRODUCTION Presenteeism is defined as continuing to attend work during illness. As a growing health concern, awareness of the factors that encourage presenteeism and the risks of this behaviour is needed. SOURCES OF DATA A narrative review of research obtained via several databases, including Medline and Psycinfo, was conducted. AREAS OF AGREEMENT A range of contextual and individual factors is associated with presenteeism. Workers in some sectors, such as healthcare, appear to be at greater risk. Presenteeism may facilitate rehabilitation and recovery but it can exacerbate existing health problems and increase the risk of subsequent illness and absence as well as impair workability. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The incidence of sickness presenteeism is rising, alongside reductions in absenteeism. The growing awareness of the costs of presenteeism, especially in safety-critical environments, suggests that it should be considered a risk-taking behaviour and carefully measured and managed. GROWING POINTS AND AREAS FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Measuring presenteeism as well as absenteeism will provide more accurate information about employee health. Raising awareness of the risks of working while sick and the economic, moral, cultural and social pressures on employees to do so appears crucial. Systemic interventions to manage presenteeism based on research evidence are required.
Cell Biology International

miR‐9 has been reported to play a pivotal role in multiple human cancers by acting as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. In this study, we explored the possible role and molecular mechanism of miR‐9 in multiple myeloma (MM). The miR‐9 expression was examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay. Transfection with miR‐9‐mimics, miR‐9‐inhibitor, pcDNA‐TRIM56, or si‐TRIM56 into cells was used to change the expression levels of miR‐9 and TRIM56. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of TRIM56, p65, p‐p65, IκBα, and p‐IκBα. The potential target of miR‐9 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess the abilities of cell proliferation and apoptosis. miR‐9 was upregulated in MM patients and cell lines, and miR‐9 overexpression promoted proliferation and repressed apoptosis in MM cell lines. TRIM56 was confirmed as a target of miR‐9. Moreover, TRIM56 reversed miR‐9‐mediated pro‐proliferation and anti‐apoptosis effect on MM cell lines. Furthermore, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway was involved in miR‐9/TRIM56‐mediated regulation on MM cell lines. miR‐9 promoted the development and progression of MM by regulating TRIM56/NF‐κB pathway, thereby providing a potential microRNA‐based target for MM therapy.
Cortico-limbic connectivity as a possible biomarker for bipolar disorder: where are we now?

ABSTRACT Introduction: The fronto-limbic network has been suggested as a key circuitry in the pathophysiology and maintenance of bipolar disorder. In the past decade, a disrupted connectivity within prefrontal-limbic structures was identified as a promising candidate biomarker for the disorder. Areas Covered: In this review, the authors examine current literature in terms of the structural, functional and effective connectivity in bipolar disorder, integrating recent findings of imaging genetics and machine learning. This paper profiles the current knowledge and identifies future perspectives to provide reliable and usable neuroimaging biomarkers for bipolar psychopathology in clinical practice. Expert Opinion: The replication and the translation of acquired knowledge into useful and usable tools represents one of the current greatest challenges in biomarker research applied to psychiatry.
Facebook habits among adolescents

Facebook is the most popular social network in most nations and in Turkey. It is argued that it can involve insecure behavior in adolescents. Teenagers in Turkey are to receive tablet computers nationwide through the FATIH project. Personal availability is likely to impact Internet and Facebook habits. Also, with lack of social support, teens might more intensely engage in Facebook. This study identifies teens who are more likely to perform less secure Facebook activities. A survey was conducted on 4,261 middle and high school students in Turkey. Logistic regressions were run to predict the likelihood of Facebook-related behaviors. Results showed that teens who perceive support from significant others, males, metropolitans, and teens who have more tablet computer opportunities, competencies and beliefs were more likely to engage in risky activities. Family support significantly reduced the likelihood of risky behaviors. Results call for promoting family support and monitoring tablet computer habits. Teens should be educated about social network threats and privacy.
Hepatic Enzymes Relevant to the Disposition of (−)-∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Its Psychoactive Metabolite, 11-OH-THC

Marijuana use by pregnant women is increasing. To predict developmental risk to the fetus/neonate from such use, in utero fetal exposure to (−)-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana and its active psychoactive metabolite, 11-hydroxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC), needs to be determined. Since such measurement is not possible, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation can provide an alternative method to estimate fetal exposure to cannabinoids. To do so, pharmacokinetic parameters for the disposition of THC and 11-OH-THC need to be elucidated. Here, we report a first step to estimate these parameters, namely, those related to maternal metabolism of THC/11-OH-THC in human liver microsomes (HLMs) at plasma concentrations observed after smoking marijuana. Using recombinant cytochrome P450 (P450) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, CYP1A1, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, 3A5, 3A7, and UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 were found to be involved in the disposition of THC/11-OH-THC. Using pooled HLMs, the fraction metabolized (fm) by relevant enzymes was measured using selective enzyme inhibitors, and then adjusted for enzyme cross-inhibition. As previously reported, CYP2C9 was the major enzyme responsible for depletion of THC and formation of 11-OH-THC with fm values of 0.82 ± 0.08 and 0.99 ± 0.10, respectively (mean ± S.D.), while CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 were minor contributors. 11-OH-THC was depleted by UGT and P450 enzymes with fm values of 0.60 ± 0.05 and 0.40 ± 0.05, respectively (mean ± S.D.), with UGT2B7, UGT1A9, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 as contributors. These mechanistic data represent the first set of drug-dependent parameters necessary to predict maternal-fetal cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy using PBPK modeling.
Extended Dissipativity Analysis for Markovian Jump Neural Networks With Time-Varying Delay via Delay-Product-Type Functionals

This paper investigates the problem of extended dissipativity for Markovian jump neural networks (MJNNs) with a time-varying delay. The objective is to derive less conservative extended dissipativity criteria for delayed MJNNs. Toward this aim, an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) with some improved delay-product-type terms is first constructed. Then, by employing the extended reciprocally convex matrix inequality (ERCMI) and the Wirtinger-based integral inequality to estimate the derivative of the constructed LKF, a delay-dependent extended dissipativity condition is derived for the delayed MJNNs. An improved extended dissipativity criterion is also given via the allowable delay sets method. Based on the above-mentioned results, the extended dissipativity condition of delayed NNs without Markovian jump parameters is directly derived. Finally, three numerical examples are employed to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method.
β-elemene inhibits oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization via promoting miR-27a and reducing VEGF expression

The present study aimed to investigate the significant role of β-elemene in mouse models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). C57BL/6J neonatal mice were used to establish OIR models. They were divided into four groups: Normoxia, OIR, OIR control and OIR-treated. Mice in the OIR group were exposed to 75±5% oxygen for 5 days and returned to a normal oxygen environment on postnatal day 12 (P12). The OIR treated group was intravitreally injected with 1 µl β-elemene on P12 and subsequently returned to a normal oxygen environment for 5 days (P12-P17). Retinas were obtained on P17. Retinal neovascularization (RNV) was detected using adenosine diphosphatase staining and analyzed by counting the nuclei of neovascular endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) microarrays were used to screen out differentially expressed miRNAs between the OIR and β-elemene-treated groups. Binding the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of VEGF and miR-27a was confirmed using luciferase assays. It was found that high oxygen concentrations accelerated RNV and increased the number of preretinal neovascular cells; β-elemene treatment reduced these effects. VEGF mRNA and protein expression was higher in the OIR and OIR control groups, compared with the normoxia and OIR-treated groups. Further, it was shown that miR-22, miR-181a-1, miR-335-5p, miR-669n, miR-190b, miR-27a and miR-93 were upregulated in the OIR-treated group, and downregulated in the OIR group. The prediction websites TargetScan and miRanda revealed that VEGF contained a potential miR-27a binding site in its 3′-untranslated region (UTR). Luciferase assays demonstrated that miR-27a directly bound to the 3′-UTR of VEGF. In vitro experiments demonstrated that miR-27a inhibited VEGF expression. In addition, β-elemene treatment upregulate miR-27a expression in vivo and in vitro. When miR-27a expression was depleted by miR-27a inhibitor, the protective effect of β-elemene on RNV was eliminated. The present study demonstrated that β-elemene reduced RNV in mouse OIR models via miR-27a upregulation, leading to reduced VEGF expression. This finding may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for human retinopathy.
Incidence of surgical interventions for metastatic bone disease in the extremities: a population-based cohort study

Abstract Background: The incidence of surgery due to metastatic bone disease in the extremities (MBDex) and postoperative survival remain uninvestigated in the population. The aim of the current study was: to identify (1) incidence, demographics and survival of a population-based cohort of patients having surgery for MBDex (2) rate of referrals and referral pattern to a musculoskeletal tumour centre (MTC). Material and method: A prospective study of a consecutive population-based cohort of patients having surgery for MBDex from 2014 to 2016. Patient demographics, indication for surgery, oncological status, and postoperative survival was obtained from patient interviews, surveillance scans and patient records. Results: We identified 164 patients treated for 175 bone lesions resulting in an incidence of MBDex surgery of 48.6 lesions/million inhabitants/year and a 10% risk of undergoing surgery for MBDex for every year liven with metastatic bone disease. The most common primary cancers were breast, lung, renal, prostate and myeloma. Twenty-nine lesions represented debut of cancer and 22 lesions debut of relapse of a previous cancer. Overall one-year survival was 41% (95% C.I.: 33%–48%). Fifty-nine percent of patients were referred for treatment at MTC. Patients referred had better prognostic baseline characteristic than patients treated at secondary surgical centres (SSC) (lower ASA score (p < .001), no visceral metastasis (p < .001), lower age (p < .001) and less aggressive primary cancer (p < .001)). The one-year probability of overall survival was higher for MTC patients compared to SSC patients (p < .001). Conclusions: Present study describes a prospective population-based cohort of patients having surgery for MBDex identifying incidence and postoperative survival. Referral of patient is biased by selection where ‘long-term survivors’ are referred for treatment at MTC. We can, however, not exclude that treatment centre influences chance of survival after surgery for MBDex although our study was not designed to identify any potential influence.
A Narrative Review of The Role of Foods as Dietary Sources of Vitamin D of Ethnic Minority Populations with Darker Skin: The Underestimated Challenge

In recent years, vitamin D deficiency has attracted attention worldwide. Especially many ethnic minority populations are considered at high-risk of vitamin D deficiency, owing to a lesser ability to synthesis vitamin D from sunlight (ultraviolet B), due to the skin pigment melanin and/or reduced skin exposure due to coverage required by religious and cultural restrictions. Therefore, vitamin D intake from dietary sources has become increasingly important for many ethnic minority populations to achieve adequate vitamin D status compared with the majority of the population. The aim of the study was critically evaluate the vitamin D intake and vitamin D status of the ethnic minority populations with darker skin, and also vitamin D absorption from supplements and ultraviolet B. Pubmed, Embaase and Scopus were searched for articles published up to October 2018. The available evidence showed ethnic minority populations generally have a lower vitamin D status than the majority populations. The main contributory food sources for dietary vitamin D intake were different for ethnic minority populations and majority populations, due to vary dietary patterns. Future strategies to increase dietary vitamin D intake by food fortification or biofortification needs to be explored, not only for the majority population but more specifically for ethnic minority populations who are generally of lower vitamin D status.
The Importance of Access to the SCOPUS Database in the Economic Crisis Condition

Data acquisition and delivering information resources to clients are among the most vital functions of libraries. However, current political and economic crisis has imposed unpleasant effects on these functions. In such conditions, selecting information resources becomes an ever more complex task. This research intends to answer the question on whether or not the purchase of Scopus services in such a crisis, which makes the subscription of credible scientific journals much more difficult, is a beneficial choice for Iranian medical libraries. The problem will be answered by analyzing the accessibility to full text articles via “view at publisher” image links in Scopus database. Different studies have already been carried out on the abilities and features of Scopus database in scientometric and citation analysis. However, it seems that current study is the first research to examine the value and importance of existing link for accessing the full-text articles such as "view at publisher" link. This link is one of the remarkable features devised in Scopus which has a special importance for end users. Hence, access ratio to full-text documents cited in articles written by Iranian medical faculties was studied through the "view at publisher" link in Scopus, and also via a link devised in the A-Z list of full-text journals in the Iranian National Medical Digital Library database, available at URL: www.inlm. org, followed by comparing the results obtained through the study. Results showed the ability of Scopus to make full-text articles accessible for users' depending on the type and level of individuals or institutional subscription. Such ability itself could justify the necessity for subscribing to Scopus by the universities of medical sciences. Regardless of other features of Scopus such as scientometric studies, etc., this ability becomes more important when access to some articles depends on paying subscription fee either privately or institutionally. Moreover, this ability provides the end-users to have access to a large volume of free papers. So, Scopus could be introduced as a gateway/portal for an easier access to full-text documents of various databases.
Serum Trace Elements and Their Associations with Breast Cancer Subgroups in Korean Breast Cancer Patients

The relationships between serum levels of trace elements and breast cancer remain relatively unknown. In this study, we investigate serum levels of seven trace elements in Korean breast cancer patients compared to controls without breast cancer. Serum trace element levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in Korean breast cancer patients before initiation of breast cancer treatment. Korean females without breast cancer served as a control group. Trace element levels were measured in the discovery cohort (n = 287) and were validated in an independent cohort (n = 142). We further investigated possible associations between trace element levels and the presence of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, or triple-negative breast cancer among breast cancer patients in subgroup analyses. Serum manganese and molybdenum levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in breast cancer patients than in controls. Serum copper levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients with distant metastasis, while selenium levels were significantly lower. Other trace elements were neither significantly different between breast cancer patients and controls nor between subgroups of breast cancer patients. Our study provides insights about the potential roles and impacts of trace elements through an assessment of the associations between trace elements and breast cancer.
Effective Construction of a High-Capacity Boronic Acid Layer on a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Chip for High-Density Antibody Immobilization

Boronic acids (BAs) provide strong potential in orientation immobilization of antibody and the modification method is crucial for efficiency optimization. A highly effective method has been developed for rapid antibody immobilization on gold electrodes through the electrodeposition of a BA–containing linker in this study. Aniline-based BA forms a condense layer while antibody could automatically immobilize on the surface of the electrode. Compare to traditional self-assembled monolayer method, the electrodeposition process dramatically reduces the modification time from days to seconds. It also enhances the immobilized efficiency from 95 to 408 (ng/cm2) with a strong preference being exhibited for shorter aniline-based linkers.
Nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions and cervical complaints: The possibility of a cross-dysfunction

The aim of this study is to establish a relationship between non-strabismic binocular dysfunction and neck pain. One hundred twelve participants underwent binocular vision assessment by evaluating horizontal heterophoria, horizontal and vertical fusional vergence ranges and vergence facility. The subjects were classified into two groups: binocular anomalies and normal binocular function. Neck complaints were measured with the Neck Disability Index, visual analogue scale, cervical range of motion, deep-flexor muscle activation score (AS) and performance index (PI). Our results showed that participants with low AS had significantly altered values of lateral phoria (near) (mean = -6.99 SD ± 6.96 PD) and PFV (near) blur (mean = 9.49 SD ± 5.45 PD) against those who presented normal AS (lateral phoria (near) mean = -3.64 SD ± 6.37 PD; PFV (near) blur mean = 12.84 SD ± 6.20 PD). In addition, participants with NFV (near) recovery outside the norm had a significantly lower right side-bending (mean = 35.63 SD ± 8.35 PD) than those within the standard (mean = 39.64 SD ± 9 PD). The subjects with binocular vision impairment showed a diminished response to the deep cervical musculature, with low AS and PI, as well as a tendency to suffer from cervicalgia of more than three months’ evolution and a lower range of motion.
Application of Mindfulness in a Tier 3 Obesity Service Improves Eating Behavior and Facilitates Successful Weight Loss

Context Mindfulness strategies may facilitate healthier eating behavior but have not previously been studied in a United Kingdom-based tier 3 obesity service. Objective To demonstrate the clinical effectiveness of mindfulness as part of newly created group sessions within a tier 3 obesity service. Methods Recruitment of participants (n = 53, including n = 33 completers) from patients attending a tier 3-based obesity service at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire. Each participant attended four group sessions, at which mindfulness-based eating behavior strategies were taught. Self-reported eating behavior and body weight were assessed at baseline and following completion of attendance at the group sessions. Paired-sample t tests were performed. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Data are reported for the 33 completers. Weight difference was assessed in a retrospective control group of 33 patients who did not attend the group sessions but received the standard multidisciplinary input. Results There were statistically significant improvements (P = 0.009) in self-reported eating behavior [driven by improvements in "fast-foodism" (P = 0.031)] and reduction in body weight [3.06 kg (SD 5.2 kg), P = 0.002] at 6 months following completion of the group sessions. This was statistically more (P = 0.036) than 6-month weight loss in the control group (0.21 kg). Participants reported improved self-esteem and confidence in self-management of body weight. Conclusion Application of mindfulness-based eating behavior strategies, taught at group sessions within a tier 3 obesity service, resulted in significant improvement in eating behavior, and facilitated subsequent weight loss over 6 months. Such a strategy has potential for scalability to the wider obese population.