Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bi-directional modulation of BNST neurons by 5-HT: Molecular expression and functional properties of excitatory 5-HT receptor subtypes

Activation of neurons in the anterolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST ALG ) plays an important role in mediating the behavioral response to stressful and anxiogenic stimuli. Application of 5-HT elicits complex postsynaptic responses in BNST ALG neurons, which includes 1) membrane hyperpolarization (5-HT Hyp ), 2) hyperpolarization followed by depolarization (5-HT Hyp-Dep ), 3) depolarization (5-HT Dep ) or 4) no response (5-HT NR ). We have shown that the inhibitory response is mediated by activation of postsynaptic 5-HT 1A receptors. Here, we used a combination of in vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recording and single cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine the pharmacological properties and molecular profile of 5-HT receptor subtypes mediating the excitatory response to 5-HT in BNST ALG neurons. We show that the depolarizing component of both the 5-HT Hyp/Dep and the 5-HT Dep response was mediated by activation of 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 2C and/or 5-HT 7 receptors. Single cell RT-PCR data revealed that 5-HT 7 receptors (46%) and 5-HT 1A receptors (41%) are the most prevalent receptor subtypes expressed in BNST ALG neurons. Moreover, 5-HT receptor subtypes are differentially expressed in Type I – III BNST ALG neurons. Hence, 5-HT 2C receptors are almost exclusively expressed by Type III neurons, whereas 5-HT 7 receptors are by Type I and II neurons, but not Type III neurons. Conversely, 5-HT 2A receptors are found predominantly in Type II neurons. Finally, bi-directional modulation of individual neurons occurs only in Type I and II neurons. Significantly the distribution of 5-HT receptor subtypes in BNST ALG neurons predicted the observed expression pattern of 5-HT responses determined pharmacologically. Together, these results suggest that 5-HT can differentially modulate the excitability of Type I – III neurons, and further suggest that bi-directional modulation of BNST ALG neurons occurs primarily through an interplay between 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 7 receptors. Hence, modulation of 5-HT 7 receptor activity in the BNST ALG may offer a novel avenue for the design of anxiolytic medications. application, we used whole-cell patch-clamp recording and subtype selective antagonists to block the excitatory response to exogenous 5-HT application, and subtype selective agonists to mimic 5-HT induced excitation, followed by single cell RT-PCR screening of the mRNA expression of these receptor subtypes. we used RT-PCR to detect the expression of mRNA transcripts for multiple 5-HT receptor subtypes in BNST ALG tissue and also single BNST ALG neurons. Our PCR data clearly suggest that at least three 5-HT receptor subtypes mediate the excitatory effects of 5-HT on consistent the initial hyperpolarization and associated outward a slower overlapping membrane depolarization and associated inward when 5-HT was in the of the 5-HT 1A receptor a monophasic inward was characteristics of the inward current and
Technical Efficiency of Maternal and Child Health Program at Public Health Center in Indonesia

The limited availability of health resources in the high public demand requires the health programs and service providers, especially in Public Health Center (Puskesmas) to make efficiency. This study aims to provide information about the level of technical efficiency of Puskesmas in Indonesia in organizing the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program. This study also tries to investigate several factors that contribute to the level of Puskesmas efficiency in organizing MCH programs. This study was quantitative research with cross-sectional approach. This study used secondary data derived from Health Financing Research (Health Financing Research: RPK) in 2015 for Puskesmas level. The data analyzed by the non-parametric technique using DEAP software version 2.1 to obtain technical efficiency score of each Puskesmas. After getting the technical efficiency score, the researchers conducted multivariate analysis using Tobit Regression, with the dependent variable was technical efficiency score of MCH program and predictors were the category of public health development index, fiscal capacity index, financial management authority status (BLUD status), geographical status, and region category. The technical efficiency of the MCH program at Puskesmas level was 0.81 ±0.12. The efficiency scores were affected by geographic areas-where urban Puskesmas were more efficient than rural and remote areas-and regional fiscal capacity-where Puskesmas in areas with high fiscal capacity were more efficient than Puskesmas in areas with medium and low fiscal capacity. Areas with geographic limitations require more considerable health resources to obtain the same output than areas with more comfortable geographic conditions. Keywords—technical efficiency, data envelopment analysis, input-output
Improved Transductive Support Vector Machine for a Small Labelled Set in Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interface

Long and tedious calibration time hinders the development of motor imagery- (MI-) based brain-computer interface (BCI). To tackle this problem, we use a limited labelled set and a relatively large unlabelled set from the same subject for training based on the transductive support vector machine (TSVM) framework. We first introduce an improved TSVM (ITSVM) method, in which a comprehensive feature of each sample consists of its common spatial patterns (CSP) feature and its geometric feature. Moreover, we use the concave-convex procedure (CCCP) to solve the optimization problem of TSVM under a new balancing constraint that can address the unknown distribution of the unlabelled set by considering various possible distributions. In addition, we propose an improved self-training TSVM (IST-TSVM) method that can iteratively perform CSP feature extraction and ITSVM classification using an expanded labelled set. Extensive experimental results on dataset IV-a from BCI competition III and dataset II-a from BCI competition IV show that our algorithms outperform the other competing algorithms, where the sizes and distributions of the labelled sets are variable. In particular, IST-TSVM provides average accuracies of 63.25% and 69.43% with the abovementioned two datasets, respectively, where only four positive labelled samples and sixteen negative labelled samples are used. Therefore, our algorithms can provide an alternative way to reduce the calibration time.
Robust Pitch Estimation using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

This paper presents an efficient pitch estimation algorithm for noisy speech signal using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) based time domain filtering. The dominant harmonic of noisy speech is enhanced to make pitch period more prominent. The normalized autocorrelation function (NACF) of the modified signal is then decomposed into time varying subband signals using EEMD. In contrast to the ordinary EMD, it does not introduce any mode mixing during decomposition. The subbands containing pitch component are selected and separated yielding partially reconstructed signal. The pitch period is determined from thus separated signals. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better compared to other recently reported algorithms in noisy environment.
Extended Version of Simple Sagittal Running: Stability of a Quadrupedal Bound

This paper develops a three degree-of-freedom sagittal-plane hybrid dynamical systems model of a bounding quadruped. Simple within-stance controls yield a closed form expression for a family of hybrid limit cycles that represent bounding behavior over a range of user-selected fore-aft speeds as a function of the model's kinematic and dynamical parameters. Controls acting on the hybrid transitions are structured so as to achieve a cascade composition of in-place bounding driving the fore-aft degree of freedom thereby decoupling the linearized dynamics of an approximation to the stride map. Careful selection of the feedback channels used to implement these controls affords infinitesimal deadbeat stability which is relatively robust against parameter mismatch. Experiments with a physical quadruped reasonably closely match the bounding behavior predicted by the hybrid limit cycle and its stable linearized approximation. Disciplines Electrical and Computer Engineering | Engineering | Systems Engineering This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/ese_reports/24
Analysis of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Foods and Personal Care Products by Single Particle ICP-QQQ

Introduction Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is classified as a food additive within the European Union (E171) and in the USA (INS171), where it is widely used as whitening and brightening agent. In the EU, E171 can be used in several food categories with no maximum upper limit (quantum satis) (1). E171 mainly consists of larger TiO2 particles, but it also contains a fraction of nanoparticles (NPs), which are defined as particles with one or more dimensions less than 100 nm (2). TiO2 is also used in food contact materials, cosmetics, and personal care products, such as toothpaste.
Neural Tagger for Czech Language: Capturing Linguistic Phenomena in Web Corpora

We propose a new tagger for the Czech language and particularly for the tagset used for annotation of corpora of the TenTen family. The tagger is based on neural networks with pretrained word embed-dings. We selected the newest Czech Web corpus of the TenTen family as training data, but we removed sentences with phenomena that were often annotated incorrectly. We let the tagger to learn the annotation of these phenomena on its own. We also experimented with the recognition of multi-word expressions since this information can support the correct tagging. Weevaluated the tagger on 6,950 sentences (84,023 tokens) from the cstenten17 corpus and achieved 75.25% accuracy when compared by tags. When compared by attributes, we achieved 91.62% accuracy; the accuracy of POS tag prediction is 96.5%.
Channel Projection-Based CCA Target Identification Method for an SSVEP-Based BCI System of Quadrotor Helicopter Control

The brain-computer interface (BCI) plays an important role in assisting patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to enable them to participate in communication and entertainment. In this study, a novel channel projection-based canonical correlation analysis (CP-CCA) target identification method for steady-state visual evoked potential- (SSVEP-) based BCI system was proposed. The single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) signals of multiple trials were recorded when the subject is under the same stimulus frequency. The CCAs between single-channel EEG signals of multiple trials and sine-cosine reference signals were obtained. Then, the optimal reference signal of each channel was utilized to estimate the test EEG signal. To validate the proposed method, we acquired the training dataset with two testing conditions including the optimal time window length and the number of the trial of training data. The offline experiments conducted a comparison of the proposed method with the traditional canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and power spectrum density analysis (PSDA) method using a 5-class SSVEP dataset that was recorded from 10 subjects. Based on the training dataset, the online 3D-helicopter control experiment was carried out. The offline experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed the CCA and the PSDA methods in terms of classification accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR). Furthermore, the online experiments of 3-DOF helicopter control achieved an average accuracy of 87.94 ± 5.93% with an ITR of 21.07 ± 4.42 bit/min.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Negated Adjectives and Antonyms in Distributional Semantics : not similar ?

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Morphoagronomic Evaluation And Clustering Analysis In cassava (ManihotEsculenta Crantz) Varieties In The Agro- Ecological Conditions of Malanje In Angola

Sandra Domingos João Afonso 1,2 ; Filipe Hélder Cardoso Lema 3 ; Isabel Felizardo Chambingo 4 ; Aníbal Tchole Abrantes Frangueira 4 ; Ricardo Franco Cunha Moreira 5 ; Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo 6 . 1 Doutor student in Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of the Bay area of Bahia (UFRB), Collapse Rui Barbosa 710, Cruz das Almas, BA 2 Trainees of Investigation of the Polytechnic Superior Institute of the CuanzaSul, Street November 12, Center, Cuanza Sul Angola. 3 Agronomy Engeneer, Polytechnic Superior Institute of the South Kwanza, Street November 12, Center, Cuanza Sul Angola, 4 Teachers, Polytechnic Superior Institute of the Kwanza-Sul, Street November 12, Center, CuanzaSul, 5 Teachers, Federal University of the Bay area of Bahia (UFRB), Collapse Rui Barbosa 710, CEP: 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, 6 Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA Mandioca e Fruticultura), Street Embrapa S/N CP 007, CEP: 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, CorrespondingAuthor:Sandra Domingos João Afonso
Role clarity deficiencies can wreck agile teams

Background One of the twelve agile principles is to build projects around motivated individuals and trust them to get the job done. Such agile teams must self-organize, but this involves conflict, making self-organization difficult. One area of difficulty is agreeing on everybody’s role. Background What dynamics arise in a self-organizing team from the negotiation of everybody’s role? Method We conceptualize observations from five agile teams (work observations, interviews) by Charmazian Grounded Theory Methodology. Results We define role as something transient and implicit, not fixed and named. The roles are characterized by the responsibilities and expectations of each team member. Every team member must understand and accept their own roles (Local role clarity) and everbody else’s roles (Team-wide role clarity). Role clarity allows a team to work smoothly and effectively and to develop its members’ skills fast. Lack of role clarity creates friction that not only hampers the day-to-day work, but also appears to lead to high employee turnover. Agile coaches are critical to create and maintain role clarity. Conclusions Agile teams should pay close attention to the levels of Local role clarity of each member and Team-wide role clarity overall, because role clarity deficits are highly detrimental.
CONSUMERS’ PERCEPTION TOWARD FOOD MARKET IN NONTHABURI

ARTICLE INFO Corresponding Author: Punchayanut Srisuwattanasakul Master of Business Administration in Management, School of Management, Shinawatra University, Bangkok, Thailand Punchayanut@globlex.co.th ABSTRACT Food markets in Thailand have changed a lot because of the influence of foreign giant supermarket, local giant supermarket. Additionally, the changing life style of people also is the big cause. This research intends to study on the relationships among demographic characteristics, consumer’s perceptions and customer buying behavior. Representative samples are 400 consumers in Nonthaburi province. Quantitative statistics were used to analyze data variables and test hypotheses. Statistics in data analysis are frequency percentage, average, standard deviation, of which were tested by ttest, one way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation and Pearson’s chi-square. Research showed that demographic characteristics are related to consumer’s perception. Age and income are the factors that related to all consumers’ perception. Perceptions are correlated to buying behavior; representative samples pay much attention to the good public transport and trust in vendor. And demographic characteristics are also related to consumer buying behavior. Education is the main factor that affected to consumer buying behavior. Majority of the representative samples chose to buy from supermarkets. Main factors for buying food from supermarkets are cleanliness, car parking facilities, satisfactorily service and trust in vendor.
Phytochemical, Anti-nutritional and Toxicity Assessment of Moringa Oleifera Seeds, Stem Bark and Leaves Using Brine Shrimp (Artemia Salina) Assay

Phytochemical contents of Moringa oleifere seeds, stem bark and leaves were determined using various standard methods. The toxicological evaluation was carried out using brine shrimp lethality assay. The phytochemical and anti-nutritional evaluation of the samples revealed that the leaves were highest in alkaloids (6.68±2.35 %), saponins (35.66±0.78%) and tannins (0.64± 0.45 mg/100g), while the stem bark has the lowest contents with values of 0.53±0.25%, 14.3±0.33% and 0.56±0.17mg/100g, respectively. The seeds were however high in flavonoids (14.21±0.66%), oxalates (31.98±0.62mg/100g), phytates (0.85±0.04mg/ 100g) and cyanogenic glycosides (7.4±0.00 mg/100g). The toxicological study also revealed that extracts from the three parts were not toxic after 24 hours. Mortalities however took place after 48 hours (between 1-5 nauplii death) and 72 hours (5-10 nauplii death) at varying concentrations.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in Barrett’s Esophagus Associated Neoplasia: Recommendations For Pathological Evaluation And Reporting

Purpose: We conducted a population based patterns of care study of vulvar carcinoma. This paper describes the completeness of pathology reporting for this cohort. Methods: This is a retrospective population-based cohort study. We obtained all pathology records available from the provincial cancer registry for primary invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva diagnosed between 1998 and 2007. Original pathology reports of vulva specimens pertaining to initial management were included. Abstracted variables included tumor size, grade, depth of invasion, thickness, margin status, lympho-vascular space invasion (LVSI), date, institution and pathologist type. Results: 1011 vulvar resection reports were identified. Overall, 16% of reports were complete for all variables. Frequency of reporting each individual variable improved over time as did overall completeness. Peripheral margins were as reported most frequently (88%) and thickness was reported least frequently (43%). Gyne-pathologists reported each variable more frequently than general pathologists (48% complete for all variables vs. 22%). There was significant variation by institution. The largest improvement was observed in a single institution that implemented a checklist midway through the study period.
Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre Quantitative Research in Taxation – Discussion Papers

In this paper, I review the empirical literature in the intersection of banks and corporate income taxation that emerged over the last two decades. To structure the included studies, I use a stakeholder approach and outline how corporate income taxation plays into the relation of banks and their four main stakeholders: bank regulators, customers, investors and tax authorities. My contribution to the literature is threefold: First, I contribute by providing, to the best of my knowledge, a first comprehensive review on this topic. Second, I point to areas for future research. Third, I deduce policy implications from the studies under review. In sum, the studies show that taxes distort banks’ pricing decisions, the relative attractiveness of debt and equity financing, the decision to report on or off the balance sheet and banks’ investment allocations. Empirical insights on how tax rules affect banks’ decision-making are helpful for policymakers to tailor suitable and sustainable tax legislation directed at banks. JEL CLASSIFICATION G21, H22, H25, M41
Basic Considerations for Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) Assays for G-protein coupled receptor protein interactions in living cells

Introduction BRET has been successfully applied to the study of GPCR homoand heterodimerization as well as receptor/β-arrestin interactions involved in receptor desensitisation and trafficking in mammalian cells (review, 1). The main advantage of BRET is that it allows proteinprotein interactions to be monitored in real-time, in their correct location, in live cells. Due to the highly hydrophobic nature and cellular localisation of GPCRs, conventional techniques for measuring protein-protein interactions (i.e. co-immunoprecipitation and yeast 2-hybrid screening) have significant drawbacks. BRET is a simple, rapid homogeneous assay that may overcome some of these limitations. to 7TM receptors is a universal process the assay can be used as a screening assay for virtually all 7TM receptors independent of their signaling pathway.
Nonoperational: Assessing Representations of Gender in BERT and XLM

Several recent studies operationalize the gender bias of word embeddings as a linear subspace of the embedding space. In this paper, we show that 1) semantic gender and stereotypical gender are not represented uniformly in the embedding space of multilingual BERT and monolingual English XLM, making gender debiasing techniques based on “normalizing out” the semantic gender component ineffective for these models; 2) within a noun phrase, the French grammatical gender of the head can be partially recovered by a linear classifier over the embeddings of the dependents even when the embeddings are entirely in English, as long as the embeddings are produced by a multilingual language model; and 3) multilingual language models trained on both English and French do not encode French grammatical gender as a linear subspace of their embedding spaces. We hence argue that structural assumptions such as “property X is represented in a linear subspace of the embedding space” must be carefully validated before developing techniques based on such operationalizations, and that assumptions that are valid for monolingual models do not trivially extend to the multilingual setting.
DiskANN : Fast Accurate Billion-point Nearest Neighbor Search on a Single Node

Current state-of-the-art approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms generate indices that must be stored in main memory for fast high-recall search. This makes them expensive and limits the size of the dataset. We present a new graph-based indexing and search system called DiskANN that can index, store, and search a billion point database on a single workstation with just 64 GB RAM and an inexpensive solid-state drive (SSD). Contrary to current wisdom, we demonstrate that the SSD-based indices built by DiskANN can meet all three desiderata for large-scale ANNS: high-recall, low query latency and high density (points indexed per node). On the billion point SIFT1B bigann dataset, DiskANN serves > 5000 queries a second with < 3 ms mean latency and 95%+ 1 -recall @1 on a 16 core machine, where state-of-the-art billion-point ANNS algorithms with similar memory footprint like FAISS [18] and IVFOADC+G+P [8] plateau at around 50% 1 -recall @1 . Alternately, in the high recall regime, DiskANN can index and serve 5 − 10 x more points per node compared to state-of-the-art graph-based methods such as HNSW [21] and NSG [13]. Finally, as part of our overall DiskANN system, we introduce Vamana , a new graph-based ANNS index that is more versatile than the existing graph indices even for in-memory indices.