Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intergroup Prisoner’s Dilemma with Intragroup Power Dynamics Intergroup Prisoner’s Dilemma with Intragroup Power Dynamics

: The Intergroup Prisoner’s Dilemma with Intragroup Power Dynamics (IPD^2) is a new game paradigm for studying human behavior in conflict situations. IPD^2 adds the concept of intragroup power to an intergroup version of the standard Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma game. We conducted a laboratory study in which individual human participants played the game against computer strategies of various complexities. The results show that participants tend to cooperate more when they have greater power status within their groups. IPD^2 yields increasing levels of mutual cooperation and decreasing levels of mutual defection, in contrast to a variant of Intergroup Prisoner’s Dilemma without intragroup power dynamics where mutual cooperation and mutual defection are equally likely. We developed a cognitive model of human decision making in this game inspired by the Instance-Based Learning Theory (IBLT) and implemented within the ACT-R cognitive architecture. This model was run in place of a human participant using the same paradigm as the human study. The results from the model show a pattern of behavior similar to that of human data. We conclude with a discussion of the ways in which the IPD^2 paradigm can be applied to studying human behavior in conflict situations. In particular, we present the current study as a possible contribution to corroborating the conjecture that democracy reduces the risk of wars.
An Analysis of Users in a Q&A Site Submitted Many Answers Where First Polar Words are Negative Words

(cid:151)In this study, we investigate that the evaluations of answers in a Q&A site are affected by whether the (cid:2)rst polar words are negative words. We (cid:2)rst investigate answers where the (cid:2)rst polar words were negative words. The result shows that the evaluations of answers in a Q&A site were less affected by whether the (cid:2)rst polar words were negative words. Furthermore, we investigate users in a Q&A site who submitted many answers where the (cid:2)rst polar words were negative word. The result show that answers submitted to a Q&A site were evaluated based on whether their explanations were detailed and informative, rather than whether the (cid:2)rst polar words were negative words. In this study, we use the data of Yahoo! chiebukuro, a widely-used Japanese Q&A site, for observation and examination. We also use the opinion extraction tool and model data, which were developed by Knowledge Clustered Group in National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT).
ERF-VII transcription factors bind to an evolutionarily conserved cis-motif to 1 regulate hypoxia-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis 2 3

1 Redundant ERF-VII transcription factors bind to an evolutionarily conserved cis-motif to 1 regulate hypoxia-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis 2 3 Philipp Gasch, Moritz Fundinger, Jana T. Müller, Travis Lee, Julia Bailey-Serres, Angelika 4 Mustroph 5 6 Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany 7 Center for Plant Cell Biology and Botany and Plant Sciences Department, University of 8 California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA 9 10 ORCHD ID: 0000-0002-8568-7125 (J.B.-S.) 11 12 *Corresponding author: angelika.mustroph@uni-bayreuth.de 13 14 Short Title: A Hypoxia-Responsive Promoter Element 15 16 Material distribution footnote: The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to 17 the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions 18 for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Angelika Mustroph (angelika.mustroph@uni-bayreuth.de). 19 20 21 Funding sources: This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. 22 IOS−1121626) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and 23 Agriculture Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (Grant No. 2011−04015) to J.B. -S. , and 24 was supported by the DFG (German Research Foundation, MU 2755/4-1), and the Stifterverband 25 für die Deutsche Wissenschaft (H140 5409 9999 15625) to A.M. and P.G. 26 27 SYNOPSIS: Group VII ERF transcription factors regulate the low-oxygen response by binding 28 to a newly identified Promoter Element in hypoxia-responsive genes, leading to their 29 transactivation. 30 31 Plant Cell Advance Publication. Published on December 14, 2015, doi:10.1105/tpc.15. 00866
Physicochemical Properties and Fiber ‐ Drawing Ability of Tellurite Glasses in the TeO 2 ‐ ZnO ‐ Y 2 O 3 Ternary System

: Glasses in the TeO 2 ‐ ZnO ‐ Y 2 O 3 (TZY) ternary system are examined in the present work. The vitrification domain of the chosen oxide matrix is determined and differential scanning calo ‐ rimetry as well as X ‐ ray diffraction measurements are carried out. The material characterizations reveal that Y 2 O 3 incorporation cannot exceed 5 mol. % without causing detrimental crystallization within the glass. Optical transmission and refractive index investigations are conducted on compo ‐ sitions yielding fully amorphous samples. Next, the fiber drawing ability of selected yttrium ‐ con ‐ taining zinc ‐ tellurite glasses is assessed and fiber ‐ attenuation measurements in the mid ‐ infrared are presented. Finally, a multimode step ‐ index fiber is fabricated by combining a TZY cladding glass with a La 2 O 3 ‐ based tellurite core glass. It is believed that yttrium ‐ containing glasses could prove useful in association with other high glass transition temperature (>300 °C) TeO 2 ‐ based materials for the design of robust optical fibers with precisely engineered refractive index profiles.
Towards Optimal Computation of Energy Optimal Trajectory for Mobile Robots

Abstract The paper proposes a method for determining energy optimal trajectory from source position to goal position for differential drive robots. Energy consumption depends on the velocity profile of the generated trajectory. The proposed method makes use of Dubins path of optimum turning radius to plan the trajectory between two waypoints. The results are compared with other methods in terms of energy consumption for the generated trajectories using simulation. The proposed method computes energy optimal trajectory in linear time complexity with respect to the number of waypoints.
FACIAL EXPRESSION MAPPING BETWEEN HUMAN BEING AND KANSEI ROBOT "IFBOT" USING A NEURAL NETWORK

Abstract: The Kansei robot "Ifbot" communicates with people by considering its own emotions. Ifbot has many facial expressions to communicate enjoyment. In our research, to develop a system of agent-mediated facial communication, we apply Ifbot as the agent. If the facial expression mechanism of a robot similar to human mechanism, facial parameter extracted from human can be used as the facial expression control parameter of the robot. However, because Ifbot has a cartooned face structure to entertain people, and it differs from human face structure, this technique cannot be used. In this paper, we propose a method for mapping human face to the face of Ifbot using a neural network. We report on results of Ifbot's facial expression obtained with our method.
Cooperative spatial multiplexing system Cooperative spatial multiplexing system

We investigate and propose a new cooperative spatial multiplexing system, which does not require multiple antennas at the transmitter side. The source (transmitter), equipped with a single transmit antenna, utilizes other wireless terminals as relays in estimating and for warding information to the destination (receiver), thus creating a cooperative communications environment. The proposed system exploits the rich-scattering wireless channel structure using the appropriate processing architecture to realize very high data rates over the channel. The destination decodes the noise and interference-corrupted data at its receiving antennas based on SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) and LLR (Log-Likelihood Ratio) based detection ordering schemes, along with nulling and cancellation processes. MATLAB simulations show that the performance of the system improves, approaching that of a conventional spatial multiplexing system, as the relays are located closer to the source, given the total system power is optimally allocated between source and relays.
Decision-making by midwives in practice on stages of labor

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to the decision-making on stages of labor done by midwives in practice. Method The subjects of this study were eight midwives in practice who had 14.6-year clinical experience on the average. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and recorded with participant's consent. They talked freely about how they had assessed the cli*天 使 大 学看 護栄 養 学部 看 護 学科(Tenshi College , School of Nursing and Nutrition) 2002年9月27日 受 付2003年5月3日 採 用 6 日本助産学会誌 第17巻 第1号(2003.6)
disrupts prey detection masking movement.

predators that rely on concealment face a major constraint: motion 23 breaks camouflage. However, dappled light is a common feature of sunny, vegetated 24 habitats and can, when conditions are windy, become a source of dynamic visual noise. 25 We tested the idea that the latter could mask movement, reducing the risk of detection. 26 Newly-hatched domestic fowl chicks ( Gallus gallus domesticus ), a proxy for wild forest- 27 floor birds, were trained to peck moving, on-screen prey presented amongst two sources 28 of dynamic dappled light: computer-simulated and that created with a mirror ball. 29 Dynamic dapple, however produced, increased the chick’s latency to both fixate and 30 peck the prey. Furthermore, we show that dynamic visual noise masks motion in a way 31 that static visual noise does not. This reduction in foraging efficiency should, we predict, 32 have significant consequences for an organism’s choice of habitat (as prey), foraging 33 area (as predator) and its pattern of movement within a habitat.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitrated analogs 1 associated with total particulate emissions from a Euro V engine fuelled 2 with Diesel/Biodiesel Blends 3

Among the new technologies developed for the heavy-duty fleet, the use of SCR 29 (Selective Catalytic Reduction) after-treatment system in standard Diesel engines 30 associated with biodiesel and diesel mixtures is an alternative in use to control the 31 legislated pollutants emission. Nevertheless, there is an absence of knowledge about the 32 synergic behavior of these devices and the ratio of fuels regarding the emissions of 33 unregulated substances as the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Nitro-PAH, 34 both recognized for their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on humans. Therefore, the 35 goal of this study is the quantification of PAH and Nitro-PAH present to Total Particulate 36 Matter (TPM) emitted from the EuroV engine fuelled with ultra-low sulphur diesel and 37 soybean biodiesel in different percentages. Total PM sampling was performed using a 38 EuroV – SCR engine operating in European Stationary Cycle (ESC). The PAH and Nitro- 39 PAH were extracted from TPM emitted using an Accelerated Solvent Extractor and 40 quantified by GC-MS. Our results indicated that the use of SCR system and the largest 41 fraction of biodiesel studied may have been the main factor responsible for the lowest 42 emission of total PAH. Individual emissions among the 16 priority PAH and 3 Nitro-PAH 43 quantified from the TPM did not show a significant difference for the studied conditions. 44 The total equivalent quotient (TEQ) was lower when using 20% biodiesel, in comparison 45 with 5% biodiesel on the SCR system, reaffirming the low toxicity emission with the use 46 of biodiesel. Our data also reveal that use of SCR system, on its own, suppress the Nitro- 47 PAH compounds. In general, the use of larger fractions of biodiesel coupled with the SCR 48 system showed the lowest PAH and Nitro-PAH emissions, meaning lower toxicity and, 49 consequently, a potential lower risk to human health. From the emission point of view, 50 the results of this work also demonstrated the viability of the Biodiesel programs, in 51 combination with the SCR systems, does not require any engine adaptation.
Evaluation of anti-inammatory and antioxidant for chrysanthemum stem and leaf in zebra�sh in�ammatory bowel disease model and identi�cation of the bioactive compositions by UPLC-TQ/MS

: Background: Modern studies have shown that chrysanthemum has anti-inflammatory, regulating intestinal function and other effects, chrysanthemum stem and leaf as a non-medicinal part of chrysanthemum, has similar chemical components with chrysanthemum, so it is speculated that chrysanthemum stem and leaf also has the effect of regulating intestinal inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of chrysanthemum stem and leaf extract through zebrafish inflammatory bowel disease model, and to detect flavonoids, phenolic acids and polysaccharides in chrysanthemum stem and leaf extract. Methods: DSS induced inflammatory bowel disease model of zebrafish was used. Aliciin blue staining was used to observe the secretion of intestinal acid mucin, and H&E staining was used to detect the inflammatory cell infiltration. Superoxide dismutase activity was determined by kit, and the expression levels of key inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β , IL8 and MMP9 were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, UPLC-TQ /MS method was used to detect the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in chrysanthemum stem and leaf extracts. Neutral and acidic polysaccharides were determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the carbazol-sulfuric acid method. Results: H&E staining showed that extracts from chrysanthemum stem and leaf inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration to varying degrees. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β , IL8 and MMP9 were significantly increased in DSS induced zebrafish. The extracts inhibited the expression of IL-1 β , IL8 and MMP9 in DSS induced zebrafish. The water extract 0.2mg/ mL and alcohol extract 0.04mg/ mL had the most significant inhibition. Superoxide dismutase activity in extract treatment group was also up-regulated compared with model group. The results showed that the contents of total flavonoids and phenolic acids in the alcohol extract of chrysanthemum stem and leaf were significantly higher than those in the water extract
Solution Diversity in Engineering Computing Final Projects

This research paper describes a solution diversity analysis of the final projects completed in an undergraduate engineering computing course. The course was taught by four different professors using three distinct instructional approaches. One professor used a distributed-expertise model, and the other three used traditional content-delivery methods. A distributed expertise model is a pedagogical approach where students specialize in different topic areas within the broader course subject. In the traditional sections, students were free to choose any application of computational thinking in which they were interested for their final project. Based on an analysis of the final projects submitted by students, these projects had a high diversity of applications but the computational tools that students selected for their analyses were very similar across all projects. In the distributed-expertise section, students were given a very scaffolded design problem as their final project. Each group of four students completed the same challenge; however, the ways they pieced together their distributed knowledge to solve the problem varied widely between groups. In other words, there was low solution diversity in application and a high diversity of processes used to solve the problem. This case study explores how the solution diversity of students’ final project submissions varied across both the distributed-expertise section and the lecture-based and problem-based sections, and the ways in which the instructional models and final project prompts did or did not afford solution diversity in the final projects.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University LibraryGuru: API recommendation for Android developers LibraryGuru: API recommendation for Android developers

Developing modern mobile applications often require the uses of many libraries specific for the mobile platform, which can be over-whelmingly too many for application developers to find what are needed for a functionality and where and how to use them properly. This paper presents a tool, named LibraryGuru, to recommend suitable Android APIs for given functionality descriptions. It not only recommends functional APIs that can be invoked for implementing the functionality, but also recommends event callback APIs that are inherent in the Android framework and need to be overridden in the application. LibraryGuru internally builds correlation databases among various functionality descriptions and Android APIs. These correlations are extracted from Android development tutorials and SDK documents with domain-specific code parsing and natural language processing techniques adapted for functional APIs and event callback APIs separately, and are matched against functionality queries to recommend relevant APIs for developers. LibraryGuru is publicly accessible at http://libraryguru.info, and a demo video is available at https://youtu.be/f7MtjliUM-4.
Running head: Fatty acid activation in cyanobacteria

45 In cyanobacteria fatty acids destined for lipid synthesis can be synthesized de novo, but also 46 exogenous free fatty acids from the culture medium can be directly incorporated into lipids. 47 Activation of exogenous fatty acids is likely required prior to their utilization. To identify the 48 enzymatic activity responsible for activation we cloned candidate genes from Synechocystis 49 sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and identified the encoded proteins as 50 acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetases (Aas). The enzymes catalyze the ATP-dependent 51 esterification of fatty acids to the thiol of acyl carrier protein (ACP). The two protein 52 sequences are only distantly related to known prokaryotic Aas proteins but they display strong 53 similarity to sequences which can be found in almost all organisms that perform oxygenic 54 photosynthesis. To investigate the biological role of Aas activity in cyanobacteria, aas 55 knockout mutants were generated in the background of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and 56 Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. The mutant strains showed two phenotypes 57 characterized by the inability to utilize exogenous fatty acids and by the secretion of 58 endogenous fatty acids into the culture medium. The analyses of extracellular and intracellular 59 fatty acid profiles of aas mutant strains as well as labeling experiments indicated that the 60 detected free fatty acids are released from membrane lipids. The data suggest a considerable 61 turnover of lipid molecules and a role for Aas activity in recycling the released fatty acids. In 62 this model, lipid degradation represents a third supply of fatty acids for lipid synthesis in 63 cyanobacteria.
Development, Characterization, and Prototyping of Ultra Flexible Thin-film Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

With the rapid development flexible electronics, there is a demanding need for fully flexible, lightweight energy storage systems with high energy and power densities. Herein, two major types of novel hybrid composite electrodes for electrochemical capacitors (ECs) were studied, namely substrate supported composite powder electrodes and fully flexible standalone electrospun coreshell fiber electrodes. For hybrid composite powder electrodes, graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs)/polyaniline (PAni), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/PAni, aluminum oxide (Al2O3)/PAni, and titanium dioxide (TiO2)/PAni, were created with in-situ chemical polymerization for optimized electrochemical performance. The electrospun core-shell structured electrodes were made using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from recycled beverage bottles as the core material in combination with PAni and GnPs shells in forming high specific surface area three-dimensional networks to facilitate efficient ion transfer ensuring ideal charge storage behaviours along with improved mechanical properties. Finally, working EC prototypes were constructed and characterized with various electrolyte systems and novel composite current collectors.
Carbon budgets in deciduous and evergreen treeline species

The growth limitation hypothesis proposes that treelines form examine tree growth and concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) at four elevations in six deciduous–evergreen mixed-species forests in the southern Andes and the Swiss Alps, and ﬁnd that both foliar types are sink-limited when faced with decreasing temperatures. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in adaptation of plants to many stresses including low nitrogen availability. et . identify miRNAs and their targets in maize ( Zea mays ) subjected to low-nitrogen stress by combined analysis of deep sequencing of small RNA and degradome libraries. Of 85 potentially new miRNAs, 25 show a more than two-fold relative change in response to low-nitrogen compared to optimal conditions, and two novel putative miR169 species are identiﬁed. The results will help increase understanding of the physiological basis for low-nitrogen tolerance and adaptation in maize.
Selection of Alternative Gi-mediated Signaling Pathways at the Dopamine D, Receptor by Protein Kinase C

Evidence indicates that a single membrane receptor subtype may be responsible for the generation of multiple intracellular signals, but mechanisms allowing for the selection of a specific effector pathway have not yet been documented. In neurons and other cells, the stimulation of dopamine D, receptors produces, via G-protein activation, a spectrum of intracellular responses including inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity, modulation of K+ currents, and potentiation of Ca*+-evoked arachidonic acid (AA) release. In this study, we report that, in Chinese hamster ovary cells, stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) directs the preferential coupling of transfected D, receptors from inhibition of adenylyl cyclase to potentiation of AA release, two responses mediated by Gi. The switch between these two signaling systems is accompanied by marked changes in their GTP sensitivities, indicating that it may result from the phosphorylation of component(s) of the receptor-G,-protein complex. Brain PKC activity is enhanced by neurotransmitters and by neuronal depolarization. Thus, the ability of this protein kinase to remodel signaling pathways at the D, receptor may regulate these G,-mediated responses in an activity-dependent manner, and represent a novel form of synaptic plasticity.