Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissecting Idiosyncratic Earnings Risk

This paper examines whether nonlinear and non-Gaussian features of earnings dynamics are caused by hours or hourly wages. Our findings from the Norwegian administrative and survey data are as follows: (i) Nonlinear mean reversion in earnings is driven by the dynamics of hours worked rather than wages since wage dynamics are close to linear, while hours dynamics are nonlinear—negative changes to hours are transitory, while positive changes are persistent. (ii) Large earnings changes are driven equally by hours and wages, whereas small changes are associated mainly with wage shocks. (iii) Both wages and hours contribute to negative skewness and high kurtosis for earnings changes, although hour-wage interactions are quantitatively more important. (iv) When considering household earnings and disposable household income, the deviations from normality are mitigated relative to individual labor earnings: changes in disposable household income are approximately symmetric and less leptokurtic.
ECGAN: An Improved Conditional Generative Adversarial Network With Edge Detection to Augment Limited Training Data for the Classification of Remote Sensing Images With High Spatial Resolution

The classification of remote sensing images with high spatial resolution requires considerable training samples, but the process of sample making is slow and laborious. How to guarantee the accuracy of supervised classification under the condition of limited samples is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of supervised classification. For addressing this problem, we propose an improved conditional generative adversarial network with edge feature (ECGAN) to augment limited training data for the classification of remote sensing images with high spatial resolution in this article. On the basis of conditional generative adversarial network, feature factors of interclass boundaries and intraclass edges are added to networks, and an objective function with multiscale and multilevel features is constructed. The ISPRS potsdam and Vaihingen remote sensing datasets are regarded as examples. Results indicate that the high-resolution remote sensing images generated by using the network proposed in this article have abundant texture, accurate edges, and are highly similar to real images. The generated images are used to augment training samples, and an experiment for classifying high-resolution remote sensing images is conducted. The classification results of the proposed augmentation method perform better than that of the traditional sample augmentation method. We prove that ECGAN as a means of sample augmentation can effectively solves the problem that the classification effect is unideal when the supervised classification sample is insufficient.
Upper body strength endurance evaluation: A comparison between the handgrip strength and three body weight tests

BACKGROUND: The hand-grip strength test has been widely adopted to evaluate upper limb strength. Other field based tests as push-ups and pull-ups are commonly used for the same purpose. It is however unclear if these may be used interchangeably for upper body strength evaluation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate strength endurance of the upper body and understand which test could be the most appropriate for upper body evaluation. METHODS: Thirty-eight healthy young male participants were tested with three tests comprised of: 1) push-ups (PS), 2) pull-ups (PL) and 3) parallel dips (PD) performed to exhaustion. Grip strength (GS), total number of repetitions, time-to-complete the test, repetition cadence and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were also retrieved for investigation. RESULTS: Repetitions, time-to-complete the test and repetition cadence significantly differed across the three tests (p< 0.001). No difference in the RPE was present. No correlation was present between GS and the other tests. No correlation was present between RPE and performance values and time-to-complete the tests. BMI was positively correlated to RPE in all tests. All tests strongly correlate to each other (PS vs. PL r= 0.55; PS vs. PD r= 0.64; PL vs. PD r= 0.70) and to time-to-complete the test (PS r= 0.79; PL r= 0.69; PD r= 0.66). Only the results of the PD correlate to their respective repetition cadence (r= 0.66). CONCLUSIONS: GS is not suitable to evaluate strength endurance. PS, PL and PD are all suitable to evaluate strength endurance. However, PD may be preferred to evaluate the upper body, if velocity also needs to be taken into account.
Theoretical conformational study of 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-mercapto-but-3-ene-2-thione and the importance of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in ground and first electronic excited state

Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometrical structure, intramolecular hydrogen bonding (HB) and vibrational frequencies of 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-mercapto-but-3-ene-2-thione were carried out by the ab initio Hartree–Fock, Moller–Plesset second-order perturbation (MP2) and density functional theory (DFT) methods with 6-311++G** basis set in gas phase and water solution. The nature of the intramolecular hydrogen bond in the most stable chelated conformers has been studied by using the atoms in molecules theory of Bader, which is based on topological properties of the electron density. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was also performed for better understanding of the nature of intramolecular interactions. The influence of the solvent on the stability order of conformers and the strength of intramolecular HB was considered using Tomasi's polarized continuum model. The HOMA, NICS, PDI, ATI, FLU and FLU π indices as well-established aromaticity indicators are examined. The excited-state properties of intramolecular HB in hydrogen-bonded systems have been investigated theoretically using the time-dependent DFT method. The calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (MO) and lowest unoccupied MO with frontier orbital gap are presented. Further verification of the obtained transition state structures was implemented via intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Semi-Analytical Model for Temperature Estimation of Permanent Magnet Couplers

Temperature estimation is highly significant in the design stages and analysis of permanent magnet (PM) machines. In this paper, for permanent magnet couplers (PMCs), a semi-analytical model to estimate the temperature is developed, which is able to give consideration to efficiency and applied in more complicated structure. Also, the magnetic flux path, as well as the eddy currents, are depicted through a simplified geometric topology. Moreover, the eddy current loss, taken as the heat source loss, is effectively and quickly calculated by employing magnetic equivalent circuit and Kirchhoff's law. Compared with the experimental results, this model has a good agreement with the experimental results where the deviation is within 6.67%. Finally, some constructive suggestions have been given for prediction, optimization and monitoring of PMCs.
Hydrogen outgasing from titanium-modified layers with various surface treatments

In an extremely high-vacuum (XHV) system, hydrogen outgassing is the most important factor to obtain vacuum pressure below 1.0×10−10 Pa. Titanium is an interesting material for applications in XHV construction. This work will demonstrate a clear correlation between hydrogen outgassing and surface structures of pure titanium in vacuum technology. The titanium surfaces were prepared following treatments such as chemical, electrical, buffing, and mechanochemical polishing. Characterization of oxide layers has been carried out using Auger electron spectroscopy and angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and a cross section of the modified layer has been observed by using an optical microscope. The hydrogen distribution in a surface region was measured by elastic recoil detection analysis. The oxide thicknesses were from 20 to 50 nm, although the finished titanium surfaces were covered with TiO2 for chemical polish, electrical polish, buffing polish (BP), and mechanochemical polish (MCP); also, TiO wa.
Formation of 2-Substituted Iodobenzenes from Iodobenzene via Benzyne and Ate Complex Intermediates

The generation of benzyne from iodobenzene with lithium tetramethylpiperidide in THF at −40 °C in the presence of lithium amides and ester enolates leads to mixtures in which 2-substituted iodobenzenes are often the major products. These products are obtained by iodine transfer from iodobenzene to the intermediate 2-lithioaromatics. The transfer of iodine occurs via a hypervalent iodine (ate) complex.
Research on Strategic Choice of Enterprise Innovation under the Shared Economy

Under the shared economy model, based on the analysis of the actual confusion of the strategic choice of enterprise innovation, the expedition is divided into four dimensions by the level of technological innovation orientation and market innovation orientation, and the acquisition model of enterprise competitive advantage is constructed. The model is used to illustrate the relationship between different innovation strategies and competitive advantages, and the example of shared bicycle companies is verified. Research shows that first-time market enterprises can obtain certain competitive advantages by adopting high-tech oriented or high-market-oriented innovation strategies. However, with the maturity of the market and the intensification of competition, only high-tech orientation is adopted under the premise of capital security. However, with the maturity of the market and the intensification of competition, under the premise of capital security, only by adopting the integration and innovation strategy of high-tech orientation and high-market orientation can we obtain the strongest competitive advantage and promote the sustainable development of enterprises.
Simultaneous determination of ten macrolides drugs in feeds by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporation light scattering detection

A sensitive and reproducible method based on high performance liquid chromatography with evaporation light scattering detection (ELSD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 10 macrolides drugs such as azithromycin, tulathromycin, spiramycin, tilmicosin, tylosin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, midecamycin and josamycin in feeds. Feed samples were extracted with a sodium borate buffer solution (pH 10.0) − ethyl acetate. The dry extracts were dissolved in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 8.0), and then applied to an Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction cartridge for cleanup. The residues were reconstituted in 0.5 mL of the mobile phase. By optimizing the main operational parameters of ELSD and chromatographic conditions, all target compounds were well separated on an Ecosil C8-SH column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a gradient elution program. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.9985) in the range of 1–200 μg mL−1 for ten analytes. The average recoveries of all analytes from five kinds of feeds spiked at three levels were between 60.2% and 112%, with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations below 11% and 15%, respectively. The limits of detection ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 mg kg−1 for ten macrolides.
Juridische aspecten van algoritmen die besluiten nemen

Iedereen heeft in het dagelijks leven te maken met beslissingen die worden genomen door of met behulp van algoritmen. De inzet van algoritmen kan kansen opleveren voor het verwezenlijken van publieke waarden en belangen. Zo kunnen algoritmen besluitvormingsprocessen efficienter maken en bijdragen aan het vinden van oplossingen voor verschillende soorten maatschappelijke uitdagingen. Tegelijkertijd kan de inzet van algoritmen risico’s met zich brengen en vragen oproepen over de bestendigheid van de juridische kaders die beschikbaar zijn om publieke waarden en belangen te beschermen. De onderzoeksvraag van dit onderzoek is in dit verband als volgt gedefinieerd: Welke kansen en risico’s doen zich voor bij algoritmische besluitvorming met betrekking tot de bescherming en realisering van publieke waarden en belangen, en zijn de bestaande juridische kaders voldoende bestendig om kansen te verwezenlijken en het intreden van geidentificeerde risico’s te voorkomen of de gevolgen daarvan te mitigeren? Centraal in het onderzoek staan de huidige toepassingen van algoritmen in besluitvormings-processen en de ontwikkelingen die in de komende vijf tot tien jaar op dat gebied te verwachten zijn. Voor de beantwoording van de onderzoeksvraag is onder meer gebruikgemaakt van casestudy’s naar de inzet van algoritmen in vier, door het WODC en de Directie Wetgeving en Juridische Zaken van het Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid geselecteerde domeinen: contentmoderatie, zelfrijdende auto’s, rechtspraak en overheidsincasso bij verkeersboetes.
Greener Electrochemical Synthesis of High Quality Graphene Nanosheets Directly from Pencil and its SPR Sensing Application

A green, simple, and cost effective electrochemical method to synthesize pure graphene oxide (GO) and graphene nanosheets (GNs) using pencil in ionic liquid medium is reported. The morphology and microstructure of prepared GNs and GO are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy; the experiments confirm the formation of high quality graphene. The synthesized GO is used for the real‐time and label‐free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing of the biological warfare agent Salmonella typhi.
Why the Nebra Sky Disc Dates to the Early Bronze Age. An Overview of the Interdisciplinary Results

It is not unusual that archaeological finds come under renewed scrutiny. This is actually an important part in the progress of scientific research. All the more so when important and ground-breaking discoveries are involved, like the Nebra Sky Disc, which is listed among the UNESCO “Memory of the World”. However, in most cases a new assessment is based on new data or insights. None of this is presented in a recently published article by Gebhard and Krause (2020). Instead, their argument is based on early published and unpublished material, which is used and cited selectively and ignores a substantial number of subsequent publications. Since the Nebra Sky Disc is a unique find that was not recovered during a controlled excavation, it can neither be dated by traditional typological methods nor prima facie by its appearance. Moreover, there is no scientific method yet available to date copper alloys exactly, so that the date suggested in the original publication was established by reconstructing the find context and by analysing the accompanying finds that are typologically and radiocarbon dated to around 1600 BC. The find location on the Mittelberg was excavated in great detail and a number of scientific analyses confirmed the testimony of the looters in a court trial that the Sky Disc had been buried there together with the accompanying finds. These analyses also disproved an earlier claim that the Sky Disc was a modern fake. This allegation is not repeated by Gebhard and Krause (2020) but they do use similar arguments for their claim that the Sky Disc was not found together with the hoard and may not even have been on the Mittelberg near Nebra. By contrast, they assert that the Sky Disc should be typologically dated to the Iron Age. It can be shown that their arguments are based on a distortion of the evidence derived both in the court trial and by scientific analyses. They combine their proposal with a superficial typological discussion of the image displayed on the Sky Disc. As this overview demonstrates, through interdisciplinary studies it is possible to determine the origin and composition of the Nebra hoard with the greatest possible certainty. This determination was based on results from sediment attachments, the chemical concentrations of gold and copper in the geological subsoil of the findspot, astronomical references, as well as an analysis of the traces left by the looters, police investigations, and a comprehensive confession by the offenders, which has confirmed the independently obtained archaeological and scientific observations.
The Importance of Creating Digital Brands in Sports

The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of developing a digital brand for sports organisations. The use of digital technologies had changed the sports industry. New technologies and fast changing trends demand a deeper understanding of specific sports markets and customer needs, and this work will try to identify those needs. This paper relies on a literature review and theoretical framework related to sports brands and customer behavior. The findings imply that sports organizations and athletes had recognized the benefits of having a strong digital brand, but they still do not exploit the brand attributes’ full potential. They are highly active and present on social media, but there is still a lot of room for improvement when it comes to the use of their digital channels. The conclusions of this paper should bring about a better understanding of digital sports brands and their impact on sport business.
Atomization of Superheated Water

An experimental study of disperse composition of an air-droplet flow under atomization of water superheated relative to the saturation temperature is conducted. Atomization was accomplished with the use of centrifugal (with a nozzle diameter of 0.6 mm) and once-through jet (with a nozzle diameter of 0.3 mm) atomizers. Water pressure at the inlet to the atomizer was 4 and 8 MPa, with a temperature being varied from 20 to 270°C. The disperse composition of the atomized water was determined from a distribution of the intensity of the scattered laser beam with a wavelength of 532 nm over a wide range of the scattering angles. This technique was combined with measurements of light extinction, filming of the droplet spray, and temperature measurements in the flow to determine a degree of droplets evaporation. The experiments showed that at a water temperature of more than 170°C flashing of water discharging from the atomizers takes place, due to which considerably finer atomization of water is obtained as compared to that with the use of mechanical and pneumatic atomizers. At a temperature of injected water of 220–240°C, 70% of droplets (by mass) have a value of d32 diameter of 0.2 to 3 μm. While atomizing superheated water, the size distribution of droplets, has a bimodal pattern, i.e., along with the existence of fine droplets, certain amount of droplets of 6–15 μm in diameter (up to 30%) is retained in the flow. When atomizing superheated water, centrifugal and jet atomizers provide approximately the same distribution of droplet sizes. This attests that flashing plays the determining role in the atomization process. Saturation of water to be atomized by air or carbon dioxide does not noticeably change disperse composition of the air-droplet mixture, while atomizing water at a temperature of more than 170°C. Due to the impact of the air flow, fine droplets form a spatially localized spray extended along the flow with a semi-angle of expansion of 10–12 deg. This fact should be accounted for while arranging water injection systems. The fine atomization achieved significantly increases a rate of droplet evaporation in the carrying flow, prevents their deposition on the articles of equipment, and provides more efficient cooling of the working medium. © 2010 ASME
The Role of Facilitating Conditions and User Habits: A Case of Indonesian Online Learning Platform

The study examines the role of facilitating conditions and user habits in the use of technology in Online Learning Platform (OLP) in Indonesia. The adoption of online learning, persistence, and learning results in online platforms is essential for ensuring that education technology is implemented and gets as much value as possible. People who use technology and systems will embrace new technologies even more. This quantitative study is based on a survey of 254 respondents, who were active users of the technology
Quality comparison of rice bran oil extracted with d-limonene and hexane

ABSTRACT d-Limonene, a safe agricultural by-product, was used to extract rice bran oil and compared against hexane, a petroleum product widely used as a solvent for extracting edible oil. The yield of crude rice bran oils extracted with both solvents in percentage by weight was obtained. The quality of crude rice bran oil was analyzed. The yield and quality of crude rice bran oil from the limonene-based solvent extraction were almost equivalent to those from the hexane-based operation. The optimum solvent-to-rice bran ratio and extraction time required for d-limonene extraction of oil, based primarily on crude rice bran oil yield, have been determined to be 5:1 and 0.5 hr, respectively. Despite the absence of antioxidants during the limonene recovery step with vacuum evaporation, the quantity of the oxidation products in the recovered limonene was <1% (wt) of the original limonene solvent. The application of d-limonene solvent as an alternative to hexane in edible oil extraction could potentially eliminat.
Optimization of process parameters by Taguchi method in the recovery of lactose from whey using sonocrystallization

Anti‐solvent crystallization of lactose in the presence of ultrasound will reduce crystal size and the level of agglomeration as compared to the commercial cooling crystallization. It offers a potential route to enhance the physical properties as well as the rapid recovery of lactose. Since lactose recovery itself can reduce biological oxygen demand of whey by more then 80%, recovery of lactose from dairy waste stream (whey) solves the problems of dairy industries by improving economics of whey utilization and pollution reduction. In the present study, recovery of lactose from partially deproteinated whey using an anti‐solvent (acetone) by sonocrystallization was optimized for finding the most influencing operating parameters; such as sonication time, anti‐solvent concentration, initial lactose concentration in the whey and initial pH of sample mixture at three levels using L9‐orthogonal method. The responses were analyzed for recovery of lactose from whey. The anti‐solvent concentration and the sonication time were found to be most influencing parameters for the recovery of lactose and the recovery of lactose was found to be 89.03% at the identified optimized level. The crystal size distribution of recovered lactose was found to be narrower (2.5 – 6.5 μm) as compared to the commercial lactose crystals (3.5 – 9.5 μm). (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recommender Systems Based on Tensor Decomposition

: Recommender system is an effective tool to solve the problems of information overload. The traditional recommender systems, especially the colla-borative ﬁ ltering ones, only consider the two factors of users and items. While social networks contain abundant social information, such as tags, places and times. Researches show that the social information has a great impact on recommendation results. Tags not only describe the characteristics of items, but also re ﬂ ect the interests and characteristics of users. Since the traditional recommender systems cannot parse multi-dimensional information, in this paper, a tensor decomposition model based on tag regularization is proposed which incorporates social information to bene ﬁ t recommender systems. The original Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) model is optimized by mining the co-occurrence and mutual exclusion of tags, and their features are constrained by the relationship between tags. Experiments on real dataset show that the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance to existing algorithms.