Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Particle-size analysis by laser diffraction with a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor pixel array.

Existing laser-diffraction instruments that use photodiode detectors have a limited resolution for particle sizing. We attempt the implementation of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor pixel sensor for particle-size measurement by laser diffraction. The sensor has unique features: high resolution, no blooming, and a wide dynamic range (i.e., direct measurement of the scattering pattern). The calibration of the sensor is based on each pixel. The signal-processing and the inversion schemes for obtaining the particle-size distribution are described. The results indicate an improved size resolution and an increased flexibility of application.
Differential Staining of Apoptotic Nuclei in Living Cells: Application to Macronuclear Elimination in Tetrahymena

Acridine orange (AO) has been used as a vital fluorescent stain to identify apoptotic cells in Drosophila, but little is known about what structures are stained. We explored the specificity of AO staining while studying nuclear apoptosis in Tetrahymena. Using AO alone or together with the vital nuclear stain Hoechst 33342 (HO), we find that lysosomes are generally clustered around the degenerating nucleus and that such nuclei are stained an orange-red color, like lysosomes. Significantly, the combined dyes, more so than with AO alone, distinguish between apoptotic and normal (or necrotic) nuclei by a clear color difference. Moreover, these dyes differentially stain apoptotic and normal nuclei in avian chondrocytes. The differential staining results are nullified in fixed cells or in cytoskeletal preparations treated with RNAse. Similarly, lysosomotrophic agents eliminate the differential staining. Our results are consistent with acidification of the apoptotic nucleus, possibly by fusion with lysosomes. However, even under basic conditions, the macronucleus condenses and is eliminated, suggesting that, if the nucleus is becoming acidified, acidification by itself is not essential for nuclear elimination. The differential staining procedure may provide a useful method for specifically identifying apoptotic cells and separating them for further analysis. (J Histochem Cytochem 45:675–683, 1997)
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of body composition: effects of depth and tissue thickness, including comparisons with direct analysis.

1. There are few data regarding the accuracy of Hologic QDR-1000W dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the measurement of body composition. In two studies, one in an in vitro experimental system using oil and water mixtures and the other in samples of pork meat, the effect of depth and tissue thickness on the measured composition was assessed. In the latter study the measured fat mass was compared with that measured by direct analysis. 2. All data indicated a trend in the measured fat mass with depth, such that more fat was measured at extremes of depth (< 10 cm and > 25 cm) than at intermediate depths. 3. In samples of meat weighing approximately 55 kg, dual X-ray absorptiometry significantly under-estimated the absolute fat mass compared with direct analysis (mean 20.4 +/- 1.65%) by 5-8% or 1-4 kg of fat. 4. These findings are of direct relevance to both clinical and research work using this technique to measure body composition, in particular in circumstances in which changes in body composition and/or tissue thickness are anticipated.
Three-parameter Fuzzy Arithmetic Approximation of L-r Fuzzy Numbers for Fuzzy Neural Networks

In this study, we proposed an alternative operation of fuzzy arithmetic on L-R fuzzy numbers by three parameters of mode, left spread and right spread. Then, based on this approximation method, a new learning algorithm of a fully fuzzified neural network was developed in which the L-R fuzzy numbers were considered as the fuzzy signals. While the forward operations of fuzzy signals were based on the proposed three-parameter fuzzy arithmetic approximation method, the backward learning adopted a back-propagation learning procedure with a measurable error function. The learning algorithm was illustrated by an example of the recognition of fuzzy IF-THEN rules. The simulation result showed that the proposed approximation method used in such learning model was efficient and accurate.
We use the 3 rd Round of the Indian National Family Health Survey , to study the effect of maternal autonomy on child nutrition

We use the 3 Round of the Indian National Family Health Survey, to study the effect of maternal autonomy on child nutrition defined by Height-for-age Z score (HAZ) and Weightfor-height Z score (WHZ). We create an index of maternal autonomy within a latent factor modelling framework, using the full set of sample of women in the dataset, and use in nutrition equations. The autonomy index is allowed to be correlated with factors such as religion, caste, education etc. to account for traditions and social norms. Our results show that maternal autonomy is positively associated with the long-term nutritional status of children as measured by Height-for-Age z-scores however, only for rural children who are aged under 2. One SD increase in our autonomy index is found to increase the HAZ score by 0.046 for these children. Higher autonomy also was found to reduce the probability of being stunted for these children. Ways to enhance women’s autonomy must therefore, be an integral and important part of the wider strategy to improve the nutritional status of children in India.
Cosegregation of bipolar disorder and autosomal-dominant medullary cystic kidney disease in a large family.

OBJECTIVE The authors report a large family in which bipolar disorder appears to cosegregate with autosomal-dominant medullary cystic kidney disease. METHOD Information regarding diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder and medullary cystic kidney disease were gathered from family members through formal research interviews, hospital admission records, imaging reports, and laboratory data. RESULTS Of the seven members with medullary cystic kidney disease, five had bipolar I disorder, one had unipolar depression, and one had a hyperthymic phenotype. Information was not available on two members. CONCLUSIONS The cosegregation in this family suggests a close proximity between genes for the two disorders. The two known loci of medullary cystic kidney disease are in regions of chromosomes 1 and 16 that have been previously linked to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This family may be a useful resource for positional cloning of bipolar candidate genes.
Pain palliation measurement in cancer clinical trials: The US Food and Drug Administration perspective

Pain palliation resulting from antitumor therapy provides direct evidence of treatment benefit when combined with evidence of antitumor activity. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) previously issued guidance regarding the use of patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures to support labeling claims. The purpose of this article is to identify common challenges and key design strategies when measuring pain palliation in antitumor therapy clinical trials that are consistent with PRO Guidance principles.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) using SSR markers

In total, 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 59 accessions of cultivated strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) from Korea, Germany, United States, United Kingdom, and Japan. In total, 101 alleles were detected with an average of 5.6 per locus and 21 specific alleles were identified. Notably, one genotype (Blonoli from Germany) possessed a maximum of 10 different unique alleles specific to each genotype. The gene diversity varied from 0.027 (EMPaEKO1B) to 0.791 (CFACT110), with an average value of 0.509. PIC values ranged from 0.026 to 0.762 (average 0.454). A model-based structure analysis revealed the presence of two populations. The accessions that were clearly assigned to a single population in which > 70% of their inferred ancestry was derived from one of the model-based populations. However, two accessions (3.4%) in the sample were categorized as having admixed ancestry. Here, we report detailed information on commercially grown strawberry accessions from five different origins using SSR markers. These results couldbe used for broadening the genetic base of commercially grown varieties.
Japanese-Chinese Phrase Alignment Using Common Chinese Characters Information

We describe a method to detect common Chinese characters between Japanese and Chinese automatically by means of freely available resources and verify the effectiveness of the detecting method. We use a joint phrase alignment model on dependency trees and report results of experiments aimed at improving the alignment quality between Japanese and Chinese by incorporating the common Chinese characters information detected by proposed detecting method into the alignment model. Experimental results of Japanese-Chinese phrase alignment show that our approach could achieve 0.73 points lower AER than the baseline system.
Spectrotemporal Receptive Field Properties of Single Units in the Primary, Dorsocaudal and Ventrorostral Auditory Cortex of the Guinea Pig

We report the spectrotemporal response properties of single units in the primary (A1) and dorsocaudal (DC) fields, and the ventrorostral belt of the urethane-anaesthetised guinea pig auditory cortex. Using reverse correlation analysis, spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) were constructed and subsequently classified according to a novel qualitative scheme that was based on the duration and bandwidth of excitatory and inhibitory regions within the STRF. The STRFs of units in both A1 and DC showed either broad-band (≧1 octave) or narrow-band (<1 octave) excitatory and inhibitory regions occurring either alone or together. The excitatory regions were of short duration (lasting for <50 ms) or more sustained (up to about 100 ms) and inhibitory areas either followed excitation or were located as inhibitory sidebands along the high- and low-frequency edges of the excitatory regions. Inhibitory areas that followed excitatory regions were found to be either short lasting (10–20 ms) or longer lasting (up to 200 ms or more). The STRFs recorded from each cortical area indicated temporal response properties consistent with those shown by traditional peristimulus time histogram analysis. Overall, fields A1 and DC showed no significant differences in the distribution of STRF types. Thus, it appears that both fields display similar spectrotemporal sensitivities to auditory stimuli and therefore, appear to process such stimuli in a parallel fashion. Single units recorded in the ventrorostral belt area showed STRF types similar to those recorded in A1 and DC. However, the proportions of STRF types were significantly different, suggesting a difference in spectrotemporal processing between the ventrorostral belt and the core areas.
An alternative scheme for perplexity estimation and its assessment for the evaluation of language models

Language models are usually evaluated on test texts using the perplexity derived from the model likelihood function computed on these texts (test set perplexity). In order to use this measure in the framework of a comparative evaluation campaign, we have developed an alternative scheme for estimating the test set perplexity. The method is derived from the Shannon game and based on a gambling approach on the next word to come in a truncated sentence. We also study the entropy bounds proposed by Shannon and based on the rank of the correct answer, in order to estimate a perplexity interval for non-probabilistic language models. The relevance of the approach is validated on an example. We then report the results of a preliminary comparative evaluation using the proposed scheme.
Interaction of Catechu Dye with DNA: Spectroscopic and In Silico Approach

ABSTRACT Catechin, a yellow colored molecule obtained from the wood of Acacia catechu was analyzed for its interaction with synthetic DNA duplexes using spectroscopic analysis. UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis revealed the non-intercalative binding mode. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis expose chemical shift indicated by various vibrational stretches and an increase in the intensity of base stacking was observed by Circular Dichroism (CD), respectively. This inference was further confirmed through nuclear staining technique and also in electrophoretic technique; the dye quenches the fluorescent intensity of ethidium bromide. The result of fluorescence spectroscopy was in concordance with the electrophoretic technique. In addition, the spectroscopic results were in accordance with the molecular docking studies of specific catechin compound from the catechu dye with CT-DNA. This kind of site specificity is a gain in the medicinal field as the drug can be DNA targeted for cancer therapeutics. The present work reveals that catechu dye has a noteworthy application in the field of medical bioscience.
Statistical and geostatistical study of Rn and hydrocarbon components of a soil gas monitoring system: an application to surface hydrocarbon exploration

This work addresses three topics: (1) the study of the joint areal distribution of the Rn and hydrocarbon components of soil gases over a large region overlying some known hydrocarbon reservoirs in the southern part of Hungary; (2) the relationships between the positive anomalies of Rn and hydrocarbon components of soil gases to the existing reservoirs; (3) suggestions for new targets for surface hydrocarbon exploration based on the results. Given the very low correlation coefficients between the Rn and hydrocarbon components of the soil gases, factor analysis was used to reveal a background process controlling the common migration of hydrocarbon and Rn components. The lateral distribution of the factor scores were studied using sequential Gaussian distribution. The E-type grid generated from 100 realizations indicated several positive anomalies at the surface. Indications with a larger than 0.7 probability were kept for further analysis. Seismic sections of a 3D survey support the comparison of the surface locations of these anomalies and the surface projections of the known reservoirs. The results proved the connection between the known reservoirs and the Rn and HC components of soil gases. From the positive verification, regions with a high probability positive anomaly of factor scores, but without any reservoir counterparts may be suggested as targets for further surface hydrocarbon exploration.
User Friendly Hypnosis as an Adjunct for Treatment of Habit Cough: A Case Report

Abstract The more user friendly medical hypnosis can be, the more readily it will be accepted by patients and the medical community. Hypnosis is user friendly when it is simple to employ, and yields rapid, effective, and clinically significant results. Thus, we should define reasons for the effectiveness of such successful hypnosis methods, and provide this information to students of hypnosis. Some of the elements that may permit hypnosis to be user friendly are establishment of rapport, a belief that a symptom often has a functional role, and a flexible approach to the hypnosis encounter. This case report of a child with habit cough, illustrates the importance of these elements.
New analytical WA-systems of Kravchenko functions

In this representation the new class of analytical WA-systems of Kravchenko functions on the basis of the theory of atomic functions (AF) [1–5] are constructed and proof. The all wavelet conditions [3–8, 12–15] are satisfied exact. The constructed wavelets have a compact support and they are infinitely differentiable. New wavelet function using for the analysis of time series on examples of Solar activity, quasar apparent magnitude and electrocardiography [9–11, 16].
Effective Knowledge Management: A Best Practice Blueprint

We may not be able to make you love reading, but effective knowledge management a best practice blueprint will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.
Selective HDAC 6 inhibition prevents TNF-- induced lung endothelial cell barrier disruption and endotoxin-induced pulmonary edema

Jinyan Yu,* Zhongsen Ma,* Sreerama Shetty, Mengshi Ma, and Jian Fu The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China; Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas
Application of Spatial Modulation to Underwater Acoustic Communication

Abstract : There have been two fundamental advances in underwater acoustic communication in the last two decades. The first occurred in the early 1980 s with the introduction of digital signaling techniques [1]. That facilitated both error correction and reverberation mitigation. The second advance has been the successful application of coherent signaling techniques [2]. That facilitated dramatic improvements in bandwidth efficiency and, hence, data rates. Since the introduction of coherent systems in the early 1990 s, however, performance gains have been moderate and mostly attributed to important but largely technical algorithm improvements [3]. Spatial modulation offers the hope of yet another fundamental advance in performance by both enabling higher data rates and offering a strategy for improving performance in intersymbol interference (ISI) limited channels. The research conducted in this program seeks to define both define the potential for spatial modulation in U.S. Navy underwater communication systems and develop practical prototypes suitable to meet U.S. Navy needs.
A Four-level Hybrid-Clamped Converter With Natural Capacitor Voltage Balancing Ability

This paper presents a novel four-level hybrid-clamped converter topology which is composed of eight switches and one flying capacitor per phase. The operating principle is introduced and phase-shifted pulse width modulation is used to control this converter. A detailed analysis of the average currents through the flying capacitor and neutral points of the dc-link is presented. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the voltages across the flying capacitor and dc-link capacitors can be naturally balanced under ideal and steady-state condition. A low-power three-phase prototype is built up and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed topology and modulation method.
Initialization and Model Reduction for Wiener Model Identification

The identification of nonlinear systems by the minimization of a predictionerror criterion suffers from the problem of local minima. To get a reliableestimate we need good initial values for the parameters. In this paper wediscuss the class of nonlinear Wiener models, consisting of a linear dynamicsystem followed by a static nonlinearity. By selecting a parameterizationwhere the parameters enter linearly in the error, we can obtain an initialestimate of the model via linear regression. An example shows that thisapproach may be preferential to trying to estimate the linear system directlyform input-output data, if the input is not Gaussian. We discuss some of theusers choices and how the linear regression initial estimate can be convertedto a desired model structure to use in the prediction error criterionminimization. The method is also applied to experimental data.
Core based tree multicast (M-CBT) approach in supporting mobility

IP multicasting provides a mechanism for faster handoff support than Mobile IP [9] [16]. Coupled with its location independent addressing, multicasting is a viable alternative to support mobility in the Internet. This paper continues research into using IP multicasting in mobility. Our proposed scheme looks at enabling a mobile node to initiate two way communications with a corresponding node on a shared multicast tree. We use as much of the existing Internet architecture as possible by making the basestation a member of the multicast group. The mobile is not directly connected to the tree but goes through the basestation to send and receive packets. This paper explains the differences and advantages of our proposed scheme compared with other multicast based mobility schemes and Mobile IP.
Projections from striate and extrastriate visual cortices of the cat to the reticular thalamic nucleus

We have studied the pattern of connectivity of the visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19, 20a, 21a, posteromedial lateral (PMLS), and the posterolateral lateral (PLLS) suprasylvian areas with the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) of the cat ventral thalamus. Three cortical areas per hemisphere were injected iontophoretically with either 4% wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase, 4% dextran‐fluororuby, or 4% dextran‐biotin. The visual field representations of the injection sites were determined by reference to previously published visuotopic maps of the cortex. The locations of labelled fibres, presumed terminals and cell bodies were determined with the aid of a camera lucida attachment and computer aided stereometry. In the ventral thalamus, the primary visual cortices (areas 17 and 18) project in a topographic manner to both the perigeniculate nucleus (PGN) and the RTN. By contrast, the “higher” visual cortical areas (areas 19, 21a, 20a, PMLS, and PLLS) project only to the RTN. Our experiments demonstrate the existence of a single, albeit coarse, visuotopic map within the RTN but do not support the notion of separate subregions within the RTN that can be related specifically to a particular visual cortical area. The putative single visuotopic map in the RTN appears to be organised in such a way that the vertical meridians are represented along the rostrocaudal axis of the RTN, whereas the horizontal meridians are mapped within the dorsoventral axis of the nucleus. The upper visual field is represented within regions of the RTN adjacent to the caudal part of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd), whereas the lower visual field is represented in the parts of the RTN rostral to the LGNd. The map also shows a ventrodorsal shift along the rostrocaudal axis of the RTN such that in the rostral RTN the representation of vertical meridian is placed more ventrally than that in the caudal part of the nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 410:467–488, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.