Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ORGANIC AMENDMENTS INCREASE SOIL SOLUTION PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATIONS IN AN ACID SOIL: A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT STUDY

Soil acidification affects at least 4 million hectares of agricultural land in Victoria, Australia. Low soil pH can inhibit plant growth through increased soluble aluminum (Al) concentrations and decreased available phosphorus (P). The addition of organic amendments may increase P availability through competition for P binding sites, solubilization of poorly soluble P pools, and increased solution pH. The effect of two organic amendments (lignite and compost) on P solubility in an acid soil was determined through controlled environment (incubation) studies. Three days after the addition of lignite and compost, both treatments increased orthophosphate and total P measured in soil solution, with the compost treatments having the greatest positive effect. Increased incubation time (26 days) increased soil solution P concentrations in both untreated and amended soils, with the greatest effect seen in total P concentrations. The measured differences in solution P concentrations between the lignite- and compost-amended treatments were likely caused by differences in solution chemistry, predominantly solution pH and cation dynamics. Soil amendment with lignite or compost also increased microbial activity in the incubation systems, as measured by carbon dioxide respiration. Based on the results presented, it is proposed that the measured increase in soil solution P with amendment addition was likely caused by both chemical and biological processes, including biotic and abiotic P solubilization reactions, and the formation of soluble organic-metal complexes.
The impact of revitalization treatments on biological activity of soil under afforestation on post-agricultural land

In Poland, afforestation is usually carried out on the weakest soils, excluded from agricultural use and wasteland, i.e. post-agricultural land. A characteristic feature of such habitat is poor-quality soil, relatively high content of nutrients for trees, particularly nitrogen, as well as a low level of humus. This is important for the quality of microbiological processes occurring in post-agricultural soils. Restitution of the forest in such a habitat requires the use of various revitalisation treatments for improving soil quality and increasing biological activity and soil fertility. This article presents the results of a long-term experiment on the effectiveness of various revitalisation treatments (zooand phytomelioration) on afforested post-agricultural lands after more than 30 years from their application in pine forests in north-western Poland. These treatments consisted of introducing additional organic matter into the soil in the form of bark and sawdust, sowing lupine and introducing soil fauna. The comparative area for afforestation on post-agricultural soils in the presented experiment was the area of forest soils, located in the same habitat, in a pine stand, at the same time. Biological activity of soil was measured with the activity of soil enzymes dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase, the biomass of microorganisms was measured and the content of total dissolved carbon and nitrogen was also determined.
Biointerface Materials for Cellular Adhesion: Recent Progress and Future Prospects

While many natural instances of adhesion between cells and biological macromolecules have been elucidated, understanding how to mimic these adhesion events remains to be a challenge. Discovering new biointerface materials that can provide an appropriate environment, and in some cases, also providing function similar to the body’s own extracellular matrix, would be highly beneficial to multiple existing applications in biomedical and biological engineering, and provide the necessary insight for the advancement of new technology. Such examples of current applications that would benefit include biosensors, high-throughput screening and tissue engineering. From a mechanical perspective, these biointerfaces would function as bioactuators that apply focal adhesion points onto cells, allowing them to move and migrate along a surface, making biointerfaces a very relevant application in the field of actuators. While it is evident that great strides in progress have been made in the area of synthetic biointerfaces, we must also acknowledge their current limitations as described in the literature, leading to an inability to completely function and dynamically respond like natural biointerfaces. In this review, we discuss the methods, materials and, possible applications of biointerface materials used in the current literature, and the trends for future research in this area.
The intermolecular potential between an inert gas and a halogen: Prediction and observation of transitions between the linear and T-shaped isomers of HeClF

The intermolecular potential surface of He and ClF is calculated with a large basis at the fourth-order Mo/ller–Plesset level. The rotation–vibration levels calculated from the intermolecular potential surface serve as an excellent guide for finding the experimental spectra. Pure rotational transitions are observed for the lowest linear Σ0 state and for an excited T-shaped K=0 Σ1 state of He35ClF and He37ClF. Direct transitions between the linear ground state and the T-shaped state are observed for He35ClF. The observed energy difference between the J=0 level of the linear state and the J=0 level of the T-shaped state is 2.320 cm−1. In addition, transitions into the two J=1 levels and one J=2 level of the K=1 T-shaped state, Π1, are observed for He35ClF. The He–ClF complex is highly nonrigid, undergoing large amplitude oscillation in both angular and radial coordinates. The effect of zero-point oscillation is seen in the large difference, 22.9 cm−1, between the calculated potential energy minima of −58.1 .
Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa L.) extract chitosan nanoparticles on antioxidant enzymes activities and relative weight of visceral organs of rainbow rooster chicken

Poultry meat is susceptible to oxidation but increased antioxidant enzyme increases its availability in muscle during processing and storage. In livestock, synthetic antioxidant has some side effects; plant polyphenols can enhance the level of antioxidant enzymes but they are in-active in the gut of chicken and therefore, nanotechnology can be of importance in augmenting the stability of polyphenols. In the study, seventy two rainbow rooster chickens were treated with nanoparticles- prepared from Chitosan with Aqueous Garlic and Onion (CHIAGO), chitosan with total phenol and ajoene rich extract (CHITPA), and chitosan solution (CHISOLN) of 5 to 10%, with 0.5 g and 1 g Fosbac (antibiotic) administered orally twice a week for a period of 8 weeks. One chicken from each of the group and a control group were sacrificed on weekly basis with the muscles and visceral organs removed for analysis. The weight of visceral organs, catalase (CAT) enzyme activities of thigh and breast were analyzed from 1st to 8th weeks and 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) inhibition of thigh and breast muscles for 1st, 4th and 8th weeks. Relative weight of the heart, liver and spleen did not change when compared with the control (p>0.05) but it increased in the gizzard (p 0.05) but without increase in the erythrocytes and liver (p>0.05). DPPH inhibition increased with CHIAGO 10%, CHITPA 10% in week 4 and week 8 in the breast and thigh muscle. Garlic and onion extract chitosan nanoparticles can act as natural antioxidant compound. Key words: Chitosan, garlic and onion extract, visceral organ, meat, antioxidant enzyme activities.
Insights into the interrelationship between the design process and user practice: a case study on user engagement in a platform for professional learning

ABSTRACT This article reports on a study of an online system for supporting professional learning within higher education. The system was developed through an iterative user-centred design process to ensure that it supported the needs of academics. Results indicated there were a number of practice-related factors that emerged from within the user’s environment that triggered micro challenges at the user level and macro challenges at the organisational level. The article offers two considerations for capturing practice-related barriers in complex environments. These considerations are: engaging a multidisciplinary team and designing online tools to be flexible to respond to complex environmental factors.
Nanometer‐structure writing on Si(100) surfaces using a non‐contact‐mode atomic force microscope

Nanometer structures were written on Si(100) surfaces by use of a non‐contact‐mode atomic force microscope. The silicon oxide was formed beneath the tip by applying a negative bias voltage between a p+ silicon tip and the samples. The writing resolution was mainly determined by the local chemical reactions induced by the tip and a minimum line width of about 10 nm was obtained, which is close to that achieved by scanning tunneling microscope and contact‐mode atomic force microscope writing.
Ore‐forming Fluid and Metallogenic Mechanism of Wolframite–Quartz Vein‐type Tungsten Deposits in South China

South China is endowed with copious wolframite–quartz vein‐type W deposits that provide a significant contribution to the world's tungsten production. Mineralization is spatially associated with highly evolved granites, which have been interpreted as products of ancient crustal anatexis. Ore veins are mainly hosted in low‐grade metamorphosed quartz sandstone, slate and granitic rocks. The ore minerals mainly comprise wolframite, cassiterite, scheelite and pyrite, with minor molybdenite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. Typical steeply dipping veins can be divided into five zones from top to the bottom, namely: (I) thread, (II) veinlet, (III) moderate vein, (IV) thick vein, and (V) thin out zones. In general, three types of fluid inclusions at room temperature are commonly recognized in wolframite and/or quartz from these veins: two‐phase liquid‐rich (type L), two‐phase CO2‐bearing (type CB), and CO2‐rich (type C). Comparative microthermometry performed on fluid inclusions hosted in wolframite and associated quartz indicates that most wolframite was not co‐precipitated with the coexisting quartz. Detailed petrographic observation and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging on coexisting wolframite and quartz of the Yaogangxian deposit, show repeated precipitation of quartz, wolframite, and muscovite, suggesting a more complex fluid process forming these veins. Previous studies of H‐O isotopes and fluid inclusions suggested that the main ore‐forming fluids forming the wolframite–quartz vein‐type deposits had a magmatic source, whereas an unresolved debate is centered on whether mantle material supplemented the ore‐forming fluids. The variable CO2 contents in the ore‐forming fluids also implies that CO2 might have had a positive effect on ore formation. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that wolframite was most likely deposited during cooling from an initial H2O + NaCl ± CO2 magmatic fluid. In addition, fluid‐phase separation and/or mixing with sedimentary fluid might also have played an important role in promoting wolframite deposition. We speculate that these processes determine the precipitation of W to varying degrees whereas the leading mechanistic cause remains an open question. Comprehensive studies on spatial variation of fluid inclusions show that both the steeply and gently dipping veins are consistent with the “five floors” model that may have broader applications to exploration of wolframite–quartz vein‐type deposits. Recent quantitative analysis of wolframite‐ and quartz‐hosted fluid inclusions by laser ablation inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry shows enhanced advantages in revealing fluid evolution, tracing the fluid source and dissecting the ore precipitation process. Further studies on wolframite–quartz vein‐type W deposits to bring a deeper understanding on ore‐forming fluids and the metallogenic mechanism involved.
Planning in-flight calibration for XRISM

The XRISM X-ray observatory will fly two advanced instruments, the Resolve high-resolution spectrometer and the Xtend wide-field imager. These instruments, particularly Resolve, pose calibration challenges due to the unprecedented combination of spectral resolution, spectral coverage, and effective area, combined with a need to characterize the imaging fidelity of the full instrument system to realize the mission’s ambitious science goals. We present the status of the XRISM in-flight calibration plan, building on lessons from Hitomi and other X-ray missions. We present a discussion of targets and observing strategies to address the needed calibration measurements, with a focus on developing methodologies to plan a thorough and flexible calibration campaign and provide insight on calibration systematic error. We also discuss observations that exploit Resolve’s spectral
Novel method of nanoparticle addition for friction stir welding of aluminium alloy

ABSTRACT 2.5 mm thick 6061-T6 aluminium alloy sheets with nanoparticles addition at abutting edges were joined using Friction Stir Welding (FSW). This study aims to investigate the effect of novel nanoparticles’ addition strategy on the nanoparticle distribution for metallurgical and mechanical properties of weldments. The nanoparticle dispersion in different FSW zones were analysed using optical and SEM micrographs. The Vickers microhardness tests were conducted with more emphasis on the nugget zone (NZ). The outcomes were correlated with the grain size, nanoparticle dispersion, and their effect on metal-matrix. Results revealed that the surface appearances of welds with Al2O3 nanoparticles are smooth well forged compared to the TiO2 weld that has rough surface with the flash formation on both sides of NZ. The microstructural study revealed the more refined NZ grain structure for Al2O3 welds due to homogenous nanoparticles dispersion than TiO2 nanoparticles welds in which clusters formation in the NZ leads to increases the grain size that results in non-uniform nanoparticles distribution. The NZ microhardness of Al2O3 nanoparticles welds (88Hv) was significantly higher than TiO2 welds (76Hv) and base material (61Hv) due to grain refinement and uniform nanoparticles distribution in the NZ.
Toward High-Performance Amorphous GIZO TFTs

This work analyzes the role of processing parameters on the electrical performance of GIZO (Ga 2 O 3 :In 2 O 3 :ZnO) films and thin-film transistors (TFTs). Parameters such as oxygen partial pressure, deposition pressure, target composition, thickness, and annealing temperature are studied. Generally, better devices are obtained when low oxygen partial pressure is used. This is related to the damage induced by oxygen ion bombardment and very high film's resistivity when higher oxygen partial pressures are used. Low deposition pressures and targets with richer indium compositions led to films with high carrier concentration, resulting in transistors with field-effect mobility as high as ∼ 80 cm 2 /Vs but poor channel conductivity modulation, becoming ineffective as switching devices. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that reducing the GIZO thickness from 40 to 10 nm greatly enhances the switching behavior of those devices, due to the lower absolute number of free carriers and hence to their easier depletion. Annealing also proves to be crucial to control device performance, significantly modifying GIZO electrical resistivity and promoting local atomic rearrangement, being the optimal temperature determined by the as-produced films' properties. For the best-performing transistors, even with a low annealing temperature (150°C), remarkable properties such as μ FE = 73.9 cm 2 /Vs, on/off ratio as 7 × 10 7 , V T ≈ 0.2 V, and S = 0.29 V/dec are achieved.
Evaluation of host-specificity of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptra: Chrysomelidae) for the biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) in Nepal

Host-specificity test of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptra: Chrysomelidae) was conducted in the field and laboratory of National Entomology Research Center, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during April to September, 2017. Multiple-choice and no-choice tests were conducted on Agerataum houstoniamum Mill. , Bidens pilosa L. , Chrysanthemum indicum L. , Dahlia pinnata Cav, Guizotia abyssinica L. , Helianthus annuus L. , Lactuca sativa L. , Parthenium hysterophorus L. , Perilla frutescence L. , Xanthium strumarium L. , Zinnia elegans Jacq. and Jasminum officinale L. Among tested plant species, P. hysterophorus was only a preferred host of Z. bicolorata on which both larvae and adults fed. Ovipostion, larval development, pupation and adult emergence of Z. bicolorata occurred successfully on P. hysterophorus completing its life cycle. Larvae consumed H. anuus but could not pupate, and adults fed on it when starved for 5 days in no-choice test. Both adults and larvae of Z. bicolorata consumed X. strumarium and completed larval and pupal developments, but adults did not oviposit. Adult longevity was significantly reduced after feeding on H. annus (19.00 days) and X. strumarium (29.33 days) compared to P. hysterophorus (83.33 days).
Review of PSF reconstruction methods and application to post-processing

Determining the PSF remains a key challenge for post adaptive-optics (AO) observations regarding the spatial, temporal and spectral variabilities of the AO PSF, as well as itx complex structure. This paper aims to provide a non-exhaustive but classified list of techniques and references that address this issue of PSF determination, with a particular scope on PSF reconstruction, or more generally pupil-plane-based approaches. We have compiled a large amount of references to synthesize the main messages and kept them at a top level. We also present applications of PSF reconstruction/models to post-processing, more especially PSF-fitting and deconvolution for which there is a fast progress in the community.
SPHEREx: NASA's near-infrared spectrophotometric all-sky survey

SPHEREx, the Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and ices Explorer, is a NASA MIDEX mission planned for launch in 2024. SPHEREx will carry out the first all-sky spectral survey at wavelengths between 0.75µm and 5µm with spectral resolving power ~40 between 0.75 and 3.8µm and ~120 between 3.8 and 5µm At the end of its two-year mission, SPHEREx will provide 0.75-to-5µm spectra of each 6. ”2x6. ”2 pixel on the sky - 14 billion spectra in all. This paper updates an earlier description of SPHEREx presenting changes made during the mission's Preliminary Design Phase, including a discussion of instrument integration and test ow and a summary of the data processing, analysis, and distribution plans.
A facile route to diverse assemblies by host–guest recognition

Self-assembly provides a powerful approach for generating complex materials with advanced functionalities. Currently it remains a great challenge to create hierarchically structured assemblies from materials with simple molecular structure. Further, successful clinical translation of polymer assemblies-based therapeutics requires facile yet effective strategies for their fabrication and cargo loading based on structurally simple and cost-effective starting materials. Herein we partly addressed these issues by an all-in-one strategy involving host–guest assembly via molecular recognition, in which carboxyl-bearing compounds serve as guest molecules, while N-substituted acrylamide homopolymers or their various copolymers are host materials. Assembly and therapeutic loading can be simultaneously realized by this one-pot approach, leading to superstructures across length scales and with multiple morphologies, such as micelle-like nanoparticles, vesicles, nano- and microspheres, microtubes, and onion-like multilayer structures. In addition to biomedical applications, superstructures generated by this simple and robust strategy have potential uses in templated synthesis, catalysis, optics, and microelectronics.
Person Re-Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network and Autoencoder Embedded on Frameworks Based on Siamese and Triplet Networks

The person re-identification problem addresses the task of identify if a person being watched by security cameras in surveillance environments has ever been in the scene. This problem is considered challenging, since the images obtained by cameras are subject to many variations, such as lighting, perspective and occlusions. This work aims to develop two robust approaches based on deep learning techniques for person re-identification, considering these variations. The first approach uses a Siamese neural network composed by two identical subnets. This model receives two input images that may or may not be from the same person. The second approach consists of a triplet neural network, with three identical subnets, which receives a reference image from a certain person, a second image from the same person and another image from a different person. Both approaches have identical subnets, composed by a convolutional neural network which extracts general characteristics from each image and an autoencoder model, responsible for addressing high variations that input images may undergo. To compare the developed networks, three datasets were used, and the accuracy and the CMC curve metrics were applied for the analysis. The experiments showed an improvement in the results with the use of the autoencoder in the subnets. Besides, Triplet Neural Network presented promising results in comparison with Siamese Neural Network and state-of-the-art methods.
Ordered Phases in Aqueous Solutions of Diblock Oxyethylene/Oxybutylene Copolymers Investigated by Simultaneous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Rheology

The phase behavior of gels of E 40 B 10 in 0.2 mol dm -3 aqueous K 2 SO 4 was studied as a function of temperature and concentration. E 40 B 10 is a diblock copolymer of poly(oxyethylene) (E) and poly(oxybutylene) (B), where the subscripts denote the number of repeats. The phase of the material was characterized by both simultaneous rheology and small-angle X-ray scattering, (SAXS). Depending on polymer volume fraction in the range 23-38% a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure or a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure was observed at low temperature, and at high temperature a hexagonally packed rod structure was formed. The phase transitions were shown to be characterized by discontinuous changes in the values of the dynamic shear moduli. A bcc-fcc transition was observed at high concentration, the corresponding transition temperature increasing with increasing polymer concentration. The effects of reciprocating shear were shown to increase the degree of order, manifested as a sharpening of the diffraction peaks in the SAXS pattern. The dynamic moduli decreased rapidly on the application of oscillatory shear and recovered equally rapidly when the deformation ceased. The decrease in moduli was shown, via the SAXS patterns acquired simultaneously, to be correlated to structural changes within the gel.
Caesium zirconium uranium pentatelluride, CsZrUTe5

CsZrUTe5 is isostructural with CsTiUTe5. In the asymmetric unit, the site symmetries of the Cs, U, Zr, Te1, Te2 and Te3 atoms are mm2, mm2, . 2/m. , m. , . 2. and mm2, respectively. CsZrUTe5 has a layered structure that contains UTe8 bicapped trigonal prisms sharing a common edge with ZrTe6 octa­hedra. Cs cations separate the layers. The structure contains an infinite linear Te–Te chain, with Te atoms separated by 3.1551 (4) A.