Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Natural Selection Signatures of Southwestern Hans Inferred From Patterns of Genome-Wide Allele, Haplotype, and Haplogroup Lineages

The evolutionary and admixture history of Han Chinese have been widely discussed via traditional autosomal and uniparental genetic markers [e.g., short tandem repeats, low-density single nucleotide polymorphisms). However, their fine-scale genetic landscapes (admixture scenarios and natural selection signatures) based on the high-density allele/haplotype sharing patterns have not been deeply characterized. Here, we collected and generated genome-wide data of 50 Han Chinese individuals from four populations in Guizhou Province, one of the most ethnolinguistically diverse regions, and merged it with over 3,000 publicly available modern and ancient Eurasians to describe the genetic origin and population admixture history of Guizhou Hans and their neighbors. PCA and ADMIXTURE results showed that the studied four populations were homogeneous and grouped closely to central East Asians. Genetic homogeneity within Guizhou populations was further confirmed via the observed strong genetic affinity with inland Hmong-Mien people through the observed genetic clade in Fst and outgroup f3/f4-statistics. qpGraph-based phylogenies and f4-based demographic models illuminated that Guizhou Hans were well fitted via the admixture of ancient Yellow River Millet farmers related to Lajia people and southern Yangtze River farmers related to Hanben people. Further ChromoPainter-based chromosome painting profiles and GLOBETROTTER-based admixture signatures confirmed the two best source matches for southwestern Hans, respectively, from northern Shaanxi Hans and southern indigenes with variable mixture proportions in the historical period. Further three-way admixture models revealed larger genetic contributions from coastal southern East Asians into Guizhou Hans compared with the proposed inland ancient source from mainland Southeast Asia. We also identified candidate loci (e.g., MTUS2, NOTCH4, EDAR, ADH1B, and ABCG2) with strong natural selection signatures in Guizhou Hans via iHS, nSL, and ihh, which were associated with the susceptibility of the multiple complex diseases, morphology formation, alcohol and lipid metabolism. Generally, we provided a case and ideal strategy to reconstruct the detailed demographic evolutionary history of Guizhou Hans, which provided new insights into the fine-scale genomic formation of one ethnolinguistically specific targeted population from the comprehensive perspectives of the shared unlinked alleles, linked haplotypes, and paternal and maternal lineages.
Individuals With Pre-arthritic Hip Pain Walk With Hip Motion Alterations Common in Individuals With Hip OA

Background: Individuals with hip osteoarthritis (OA) commonly walk with less hip extension compared to individuals without hip OA. This alteration is often attributed to walking speed, structural limitation, and/or hip pain. It is unclear if individuals who are at increased risk for future OA (i.e., individuals with pre-arthritic hip disease [PAHD]) also walk with decreased hip extension. Objectives: (1) Determine if individuals with PAHD exhibit less hip extension compared to individuals without hip pain during walking, and (2) investigate potential reasons for these motion alterations. Methods: Adolescent and adult individuals with PAHD and healthy controls without hip pain were recruited for the study. Kinematic data were collected while walking on a treadmill at three walking speeds: preferred, fast (25% faster than preferred), and prescribed (1.25 m/s). Peak hip extension, peak hip flexion, and hip excursion were calculated for each speed. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the effects of group, sex, side, and their interactions. Results: Individuals with PAHD had 2.9° less peak hip extension compared to individuals in the Control group (p = 0.014) when walking at their preferred speed. At the prescribed speed, the PAHD group walked with 2.7° less hip extension than the Control group (p = 0.022). Given the persistence of the finding despite walking at the same speed, differences in preferred speed are unlikely the reason for the reduced hip extension. At the fast speed, both groups increased their hip extension, hip flexion, and hip excursion by similar amounts. Hip extension was less in the PAHD group compared to the Control group (p = 0.008) with no significant group-by-task interaction (p = 0.206). Within the PAHD group, hip angles and excursions were similar between individuals reporting pain and individuals reporting no pain. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that kinematic alterations common in individuals with hip OA exist early in the continuum of hip disease and are present in individuals with PAHD. The reduced hip extension during walking is not explained by speed, structural limitation, or current pain.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Functioning Among Regular Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) Users: A Case Series

Multiorgan toxicities have been extensively reported in kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) users in Western countries but not in Southeast Asia. Existing literature argued that this discrepancy may be due to underreporting of kratom-related toxicity cases in Southeast Asia. Hence, this case series filled the research gap by clinically assessing the cardiovascular functioning and serum mitragynine level of regular kratom users in its traditional settings in Malaysia. Nine regular kratom users without history of polysubstance use were recruited from the same community via snowball sampling and were subjected to electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram assessments. Serum mitragynine analysis was also performed by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The mean serum mitragynine level was 10.3 mg/L (SD = 6.9) and ranged from 2.5 mg/L to 22.4 mg/L. Those who consumed an average daily quantity of four or more glasses of brewed kratom juice (p = 0.045) and those who had prolonged QTc intervals (p = 0.017) had significantly higher serum mitragynine level. Echocardiographic findings of all the respondents were normal except one reported left ventricular hypertrophy and another had trivial tricuspid regurgitation with pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) of 10 + 5 mmHg. Regular kratom use without concomitant use of other illicit substances may not provoke any risk of cardiovascular impairment or toxicity except for prolonged QTc interval, which appeared to be dose dependent. However, as this study was limited by a small sample size, future studies with larger sample size are warranted to confirm our findings.
Impact of COVID-19 on Electricity Demand: Deriving Minimum States of System Health for Studies on Resilience

To assess the resilience of energy systems, i.e., the ability to recover after an unexpected shock, the system’s minimum state of service is a key input. Quantitative descriptions of such states are inherently elusive. The measures adopted by governments to contain COVID-19 have provided empirical data, which may serve as a proxy for such states of minimum service. Here, we systematize the impact of the adopted COVID-19 measures on the electricity demand. We classify the measures into three phases of increasing stringency, ranging from working from home to soft and full lockdowns, for four major electricity consuming countries of Europe. We use readily accessible data from the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity as a basis. For each country and phase, we derive representative daily load profiles with hourly resolution obtained by k-medoids clustering. The analysis could unravel the influence of the different measures to the energy consumption and the differences among the four countries. It is observed that the daily peak load is considerably flattened and the total electricity consumption decreases by up to 30% under the circumstances brought about by the COVID-19 restrictions. These demand profiles are useful for the energy planning community, especially when designing future electricity systems with a focus on system resilience and a more digitalised society in terms of working from home.
How Firms Communicate Their Social Roles through Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Citizenship, and Corporate Sustainability: An Institutional Comparative Analysis of Firms’ Social Reports

ABSTRACT Drawing on institutional theory and the varieties of capitalism framework, this content analysis investigated how firms communicate their social roles through the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate citizenship (CC), and corporate sustainability (CS) in their social reports. First, the salience of the six social themes of labor, business ethics, community, environment, business behavior, and economic responsibility were investigated, followed by cross-national differences in liberal market economies (LMEs: US, UK), coordinated market economies (CMEs: Germany, Japan), and state-led market economies (SLMEs: France and South Korea). Contrary to previous conceptualizations, the economic responsibility theme was more salient when CS was adopted in the titles of firms’ social reports than CSR, and the three non-economic social themes of business ethics, community, and business behavior were not less salient when CSR was adopted. Comparatively, CSR was less adopted in SLMEs, CC was more adopted in LMEs, and CS was less adopted in LMEs. Theoretically, firms’ social roles were distinctly communicated and institutionalized through CSR, CC, and CS, with clear comparative differences. Practically, firms can more strategically signal compliance to institutional conditions about firms’ social roles in different market economies, and influence how firms’ social roles are communicatively institutionalized, by considering these concepts.
Engaging dog trainers in a city-wide roll-out of koala aversion skill enhancement: a social marketing program

ABSTRACT Koalas are an Australian icon, and their existence is under threat. Environmental protection efforts that centre on people are needed, ensuring the human dimension is considered in conservation efforts aiming to protect wildlife. This article reports process and outcome evaluation results for a social marketing program that aimed to reduce dog and koala interactions. This project aimed to leverage pilot study outcomes. Specifically, the program sought to embed koala aversion (the ability for a dog to avoid koalas) skills within one local government area. A total of 2013 dog owners were surveyed to assess program outcomes, with improved dog abilities observed following city-wide program implementation. Further evidence of program success was indicated in the process evaluation. Dog trainers and dog owners were satisfied, willing to recommend the program to other people, and they were willing to attend events in future. Lessons learned, implications, limitations of the current study and future directions are outlined.
Changing income portfolios and household welfare in rural Uganda

ABSTRACT This paper provides evidence on the heterogeneous welfare implications of rural income portfolios in eastern Uganda. We use household survey data from two-panel rounds, and fixed and random effects estimation and quantile regressions to estimate average and heterogeneous effects. While the literature mostly focuses on either income diversification or participation in non-farm activities, we distinguish between income diversification, using the Simpson Index, and off-farm income generation. We use ex-post income and poverty measures as well as an ex-ante vulnerability measure to analyse welfare effects. We find that income diversification and non-farm income generation improve household income, and reduce poverty and vulnerability. We find that it is most beneficial for poorer households with less land assets to diversify their income portfolio, while moving out of agriculture is equally beneficial at all income levels and most beneficial for households with more human capital. We find that income diversification reduces vulnerability most strongly at high levels of diversification and low levels of income while non-farm income generation reduces vulnerability at lower levels of non-farm income and increases vulnerability at higher levels of non-farm income. Our results lead to nuanced findings that bring additional insights in the literature on structural transformation and rural development.
The effect of product attributes, brand awareness and product knowledge on consumers - A case of Air Jordan retro shoes

Abstract In recent years, many companies have started to launch “retro” edition products. This study introduces Air Jordan retro shoes as the experimental case and uses a questionnaire survey to determine whether the product attributes and brand awareness have influence on consumers. In addition, we consider product knowledge as a moderator to examine whether product knowledge has a moderating effect between the two independent variables (product attributes and brand awareness) and consumers. The results of this study are, as follows: 1. Regarding product attributes, expressive performance can make consumers have higher purchase intention and perceived value than instrumental performance. 2. Brand awareness has a significantly positive relation with purchase intention and perceived value. 3. Product knowledge has no moderating effect between product attributes and consumers. 4. Product knowledge has no moderating effect between brand awareness and consumers.
Optical manipulation: a step change for biomedical science

The transfer of optical momentum can exert miniscule but important forces on biological specimens. This area of optical manipulation has been thriving for over 50 years. Its importance was recognised by the award of half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2018 to Arthur Ashkin for the use of a single focused light beam for manipulation, namely optical tweezers. This article reviews the basic physics of trapping and gives an overview of the basic premise of the field. We particularly focus upon its importance and impact on the biomedical sciences.
Assessing Student Engagement With Campus Chaplains: A Pilot Study From a Residential Liberal Arts College

Abstract This article examines student engagement with chaplaincy services through a pilot survey administered at a private liberal arts college (n = 1043). Almost half of the respondents reported engagement with campus chaplains, which varied by religious tradition and race. Respondents who had engaged with chaplains were more likely to report integrating spirituality into daily life, feeling supported in wrestling with life’s big questions, and experiencing spiritual growth. They were not more likely to feel they were resilient or could manage stress. The authors encourage researchers to build on the model and findings presented here to identify empirically how chaplaincy services affect students.
HINOKITIOL-AMELIORATED DIETHYLNITROSAMINE-INDUCED HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS THROUGH ANTIOXIDANT MECHANISM IN RATS: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDY

Objective: Chemoprevention seems to be the best strategy for lowering the incidence of liver cancer. Therefore, this study has been initiated to investigate the hinokitiol (HIOL) supplementation which could prevent oxidative stress induced by hepatocarcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats.Methods: The biochemical parameters such as tissue damaging enzymes, namely, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and attack-free period and enzymatic antioxidants, namely, glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and histopathological changes were estimated.Results: DEN-treated rats shows increased ALT, ALP, and AST and decreased GSH, GST, CAT, GPx, GR, and SOD activities in liver tissues. The DEN-treated group (200 mg/kg body weight single intraperitoneal injection) with phenobarbital 0.05% orally showed the severe histopathological lesions in liver tissue. Whereas, the groups received HIOL along with DEN shown a comparatively lesser damage. Here, the HIOL supplementation ameliorated the biochemical parameters as well as evoked enzymatic antioxidants in DEN-induced rats to the control values.Conclusion: The HIOL possesses potent antioxidant property, in this credence to that conception, the treatment with HIOL may prevent the development of chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats by free radical scavenging mechanism.
EXPLORING THE BELIEFS OF ACADEMIC SELF- EFFICACY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MALE ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Self-efficacy entails the belief of an individual in oneself for the accomplishment of a specific task. The study investigated sources as well as perceptions that promoted the development of academic self-efficacy of undergraduates. The phenomenological pproach employed to analyze the perceptions of undergraduate male engineering students. As phenomenology found compatible with undergraduate students to explain their feelings, experiences, and thoughts about returning to obtain their engineering degree in university after being dropped out. Five participants from private Sindh chartered university responded through an adapted semi-structured interview that reflected their responses on the components of self-efficacy; (a) performance experience, (b) vicarious learning, (c) verbal persuasion, (d) affective states and physical sensation. The data was analyzed by thematization. The findings of the study suggested that components of self-efficacy were the strongest predictors for undergraduate male students who had been dropped out of university to eventually return to earn their engineering degree in university. Furthermore, the study also explored those perceptions about components of self-efficacy that provided a framework to learn those experiences that impact on the academic success of undergraduate male students who had dropped out of university to eventually return to earn their engineering degree in university.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IN SELECTED RIVERS IN JOHOR BASED ON DNA SEQUENCES

We conducted phylogenetic analysis to determine bacterial community structure of river in Johor, Malaysia based on DNA sequences of 16S rDNA. Four rivers were selected, and metagenomic approach was used to isolate DNA from environment. Genomic DNA was extracted from water and continued to PCR amplification of 16S rRNA. The amplicons were cloned into pGEMT Easy Vector with E. coli competent cell strain DH5α and sent for sequencing, and PCR library was constructed. Two novel bacteria were successfully isolated and BLASTn analysis performed showed Acinetobacterspp and Enterobacterspp with maximum identity of 96% and 97%. It was found that Pseudomonas was the group to dominate the community in the rivers as they covered 8 clones from a total of 18. Phylogenetic analysis proposed that Acinetobacterspp to be included in Enterobacteriaceae high bootstrap support (99%).
Sex-age features of the prevalence and structure of heart rhythm disorders in the patients with severe Covid-infection

There is growing evidence that arrhythmias are a major complication of COVID-19 infection. Inflammation of the myocardium, cytokine storm, hypoxia, changes of electrolyte levels, coronary vasospasm, microcloths may be factors that contribute to the development of arrhythmias and changes of the ECG. The aim of the study was to determine the sex and age characteristics of the prevalence and structure of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with severe COVID infection. In the study were examined 133 patients with severe COVID-19 infection, who were in the intensive care unit of the city clinical hospital No1 in Vinnytsia at the period from April to December 2020 and as a result of treatment with improved health were discharged from the hospital. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using the statistical software package SPSS 12.0 for Windows using parametric and non-parametric methods of statistical analysis. It was found that the most common comorbid pathologies of the patients with severe COVID-19 were arterial hypertension 90 (67.7%), coronary heart disease 91 (68.4%), chronic heart failure 65 (48.9%), obesity 47 (35.3%) and diabetes mellitus 32 (24.1%). It was found that the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with severe COVID-19 was 86 (64.7%) patients. Among all arrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias predominated 68 (51.1%), in the structure of which sinus tachycardia was the most common in 45 (33.8%) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in 19 (14.3%) patients, respectively. In turn, sinus tachycardia was significantly more common among women. The prevalence of bradyarrhythmias was 60 (45.1%), in the structure of which were dominated sinus bradycardia 16 (12%) and blockade of the right branch of the His bundle 30 (22.6%). Among men, there was a tendency to the predominance of complete left bundle branch block. The prevalence of ischemic changes and/or repolarization disorders according to the ECG was 119 (89.5%), in the structure of which were dominated the presence of inversion of the T wave 91 (68.4%) and depression of the ST segment 54 (40.6%). The mean age of the patients with ischemic ECG changes was significantly higher compared to patients without signs of repolarization disorders. Among men, there was a predominance of pancreatic hypertrophy and a tendency to predominance of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Turath-150K: Image Database of Arab Heritage

Large-scale image databases remain largely biased towards objects and activities encountered in a select few cultures. This absence of culturally-diverse images, which we refer to as the hidden tail, limits the applicability of pre-trained neural networks and inadvertently excludes researchers from under-represented regions. To begin remedying this issue, we curate Turath-150K, a database of images of the Arab world that reflect objects, activities, and scenarios commonly found there. In the process, we introduce three benchmark databases, Turath Standard, Art, and UNESCO, specialised subsets of the Turath dataset. After demonstrating the limitations of existing networks pre-trained on ImageNet when deployed on such benchmarks, we train and evaluate several networks on the task of image classification. As a consequence of Turath, we hope to engage machine learning researchers in under-represented regions, and to inspire the release of additional culture-focused databases. The database can be accessed here: danikiyasseh.github. io/Turath.
Intoxication in Three Horses: A Case Report

Three adult crossbred Thoroughbred horses died in June 2018 at a ranch near Hamedan, Iran. Rigor mortis was evident with no signs of post-mortem bloating in the carcasses. The neck muscles appeared excessively cyanotic in necropsy. In addition, widespread petechiae were observed on the inner surface of the thoracic intercostal muscles. Dropsy was visible in the inner surface of the abdominal wall and peritoneum. The stomach content was watery and dark gray. Furthermore, gastric mucosa was also gray. The livers had a dark appearance and the adjacent duodenum was gaseous and blackened. The kidneys showed autolysis with areas of medullary hyperemia. In addition to decomposition, a specific odor similar to the garlic aroma or natural gas could be smelled from the carcasses. Tissues and contents of various organs, as well as food and water samples, were collected for diagnostic tests. Preliminary toxicological studies showed detectable amounts of phosphide in the samples collected from gastric contents of the animals, and complementary tests confirmed the presence of zinc phosphide in the concentrate feed.