Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postcranial elements of "Maledictosuchus riclaensis" (Thalattosuchia) from the Middle Jurassic of Spain

Maledictosuchus riclaensis is a metriorhynchid crocodylomorph from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of Ricla (Spain). It is the most basal member of the Rhacheosaurini Tribe; it has recently been described and defined by its cranial elements (an almost complete skull and part of the lower jaw), but there were no data on the postcranial elements. Associated with the skull three vertebrae were collected. These vertebrae were preserved in black calcite nodules, and they have recently been prepared. The postcranial elements of the metriorhynchids are poorly documented, and usually badly preserved or included in the matrix. Herein we describe the three vertebrae (part of the holotype) of M. riclaensis. These comprise one cervical, one dorsal and one caudal vertebra, which, like the skull, are well preserved and lack postmortem distortion or deformation.
An Improved Urban Mapping Strategy Based on Collaborative Processing of Optical and SAR Remotely Sensed Data

Potential of combining SAR and optical remotely sensed data for rapid urban mapping is highlight. Two groups of optical and SAR remotely sensed data are selected to evaluate the strategy. Outputs are verified and analyzed from 3 aspects. The single class and merged map accuracy are evaluated; the proposed method is compared with 2 mature algorithms; the selected classifiers are applied to 7 different fusion algorithms to make further comprehension. The outcomes illustrate the potential of synergic optical and SAR data for monitoring urbanization status and demonstrate that the proposed SAR/optical information synergy method improved the capabilities of urban mapping compared with separately using SAR and optical data. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can map built-up area, water body, and vegetation at accuracy of 99.31%, 91.92%, and 91.72%, respectively. These results are much better than when solo optical or SAR data was selected and better than classification results based on mature fusion methods. The main contributions of this article are as follows: the proposal of a rapid urban mapping strategy based on integration of optical and SAR data and the verifying and analysis of potential of synergic optical and SAR data for rapid urban mapping.
Further Testing of Limits of Cognitive Plasticity: Negative Age Differences in a Mnemonic Skill Are Robust

Earlier testing-the-limits research on age differences in cognitive plasticity of a memory skill was extended by 18 additional assessment and training sessions to explore whether older adults were able to catch up with additional practice and improved training conditions. The focus was on the method of loci, which requires mental imagination to encode and retrieve lists of words from memory in serial order. Of the original 37 subjects, 35 (16 young, ranging from 20 to 30 years ofage, and 19 older adults, ranging from 66 to 80 years of age) participated in the follow-up study. Older adults showed sizable performance deficits when compared with young adults and tested for limits of reserve capacity. The negative age difference was substantial, resistant to extensive practice, and applied to all subjects studied. The primary origin for this negative age difference may be a loss in the production and use of mental imagination for operations of the mind. Developmental Psychology
Electrical energy storage in highly renewable European energy systems : capacity requirements , spatial distribution , and storage dispatch

One of the major challenges of renewable energy systems is the inherently limited dispatchability of power generators that rely on variable renewable energy (VRE) sources. To overcome this insufficient system flexibility, electrical energy storage (EES) is a promising option. The first contribution of our work is to address the role of EES in highly renewable energy system in Europe. For this purpose, we apply the energy system model REMix which endogenously determines both capacity expansion and dispatch of all electricity generation as well as storage technologies. We derive an EES capacity of 206 GW and 30 TWh for a system with a renewable share of 95%. An extensive sensitivity analysis shows that ESS requirements range from 126 GW and 16 TWh (endogenous grid expansion) to 272 GW and 54 TWh (low EES investment costs). As our second contribution, we show how the spatial distribution of EES capacity depends on the residual load, which—in turn—is influenced by regionally predominant VRE technologies and their temporal characteristics in terms of power generation. In this sense, frequent periods of high VRE excess require short-term EES, which naturally feature low power-related investment costs. In contrast, long-term EES with low energy-related costs are characteristic for regions where high amounts of surplus energy occur. This relationship furthermore underlines how EES capacity distribution is implicitly influenced technical potentials for VRE expansion.
Uncertainty Measures in Ordered Information System Based on Approximation Operators

This paper focuses on constructing uncertainty measures by the pure rough set approach in ordered information system. Four types of definitions of lower and upper approximations and corresponding uncertainty measurement concepts including accuracy, roughness, approximation quality, approximation accuracy, dependency degree, and importance degree are investigated. Theoretical analysis indicates that all the four types can be used to evaluate the uncertainty in ordered information system, especially that we find that the essence of the first type and the third type is the same. To interpret and help understand the approach, experiments about real-life data sets have been conducted to test the four types of uncertainty measures. From the results obtained, it can be shown that these uncertainty measures can surely measure the uncertainty in ordered information system.
Distribution of Minerals in Young and Mature Leaves of Different Leaf Vegetable Crops Cultivated in a Field

Abstract At least 17 elements are known to be essential for plants; however, plants also absorb and accumulate various nonessential elements. Plants re-translocate different elements, including essential and nonessential elements, with differing efficiencies from mature to young developing organs via the phloem transport, resulting in different distributions of minerals in these organs. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the concentrations of 23 elements in young and mature leaves of different leaf vegetable crops to comprehensively understand the mineral dynamics in plants. The allocation profiles of minerals in leaves of varying ages differed among species. For example, a higher molybdenum allocation profile was observed in young crown daisy ( Glebionis coronaria ) leaves, which might be related to the efficient nitrate assimilation in young leaves of this species. Thus, this study provides a new insight into the mineral uptake and transport mechanisms in plants.
Chemopreventive role of vitamin C and E on potassium bromate induced renal oxidative damage in rat.

Studies have shown that potassium bromate induces a cute renal damage arising from oxidative stress in man. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of vitamin C and E on potassium bromate induced toxicity in rat kidney. Wistar albi no rats were grouped into four (A, B, C and D) and administered 10mg/kg bw potassium bromate daily for 21 days (Group A serves as the control and received distilled water instead of potassium broma te). Group C and D were treated with intraperitoneal administration of vitamin C (40mg/k g bw) and vitamin E (20mg/kg bw) respectively while group B were left untreated. Antioxidant and prooxidant levels were measured in the kidney in addition to analysis of kidney function parameters in the serum. Potassium bromate caused significant depletion in antioxidant enzymes in the kidney as we ll as elevation in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Serum urea and creatinine were also elevated in rats administered with potassium bromate indicative of nephritic malfuncti on. Rats treated with vitamin C and E showed significant improvement in renal antioxidant capaci ty and restoration of kidney function. This study suggests that vitamin C and E has protective role o n potassium bromate induced renal oxidative damage in rat.
Increased Ability to Make Learning Evaluation Instruments with Peer Sharing Methods: Paedagogical research on teacher training in 2017 in Indonesia

Teachers are very important to improve their abilities. When researchers become instructors to improve the ability of teachers, researchers have difficulty in teaching, because teachers in learning are less active, less enthusiastic, and less quickly mastered the abilities that researchers convey. In order for teachers to be more active, enthusiastic, and quickly increase their abilities, researchers applied peer exchange ideas methods in teaching them. In applying the method of exchange ideas, the colleague of the researcher used action research with two cycles. The results of the implementation of peer exchange ideas method in the second cycle seem to be that teachers are more active, more enthusiastic, and more capable of achieving abilities in formulating learning evaluation instruments. For this reason, instructors in teaching teachers are advised to apply peer exchange ideas methods. Keywords—teacher's ability; formulate learning evaluation; peer exchange method
Exploring Indonesian EFL Students' Reading Strategies for Economics Texts

The present study aims to explore the types of Indonesian EFL students' strategies to comprehend the economics texts. To identify the types of strategies, retrospections and reading comprehension tests were adopted and analyzed. The results revealed that most students with a low level of English proficiency remained more dependent on the bottom-up strategies than top-down strategies. However, using the bottom-up strategies had facilitated the students comprehend the economics texts. Thus, in spite of its limitation, the study has some implications to ESAP reading in EFL classrooms.
A Theoretical Basis for In-Class Demonstrations

A session of the ASEE Mechanics Division which has drawn considerable interest in recent years is the demonstration session. In it, participants describe presentation tools and activities that have been used during classroom lectures. Their observations have led them to conclude that the use of relatively simple and/or inexpensive demonstrations result in a more effective learning experience. Most engineering professors have not deeply studied educational psychology, and so may not be fully aware of the background of their activities and their implications in the learning process. As a result, while their demonstrations may well be effective teaching and learning tools, with deeper understanding they may be able to design and implement classroom and lab demonstrations with still greater impact on their students. This paper will discuss theories of scientific understanding and cognitive dissonance as they apply to an engineering classroom, results of which can be used to design effective classroom and lab demonstrations. Definitions and examples of scientific learning and cognitive dissonance will be discussed.
Short Review: Ceramic Foam Fabrication Techniques for Wastewater Treatment Application

Ceramic foam is a class of highly porous materials that are used for wide range of technological applications, specifically as absorbents and membrane for wastewater treatment process. Among the potential materials include silicon carbide (SiC), alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), titania (TiO2), and silica (SiO2). The review clarifies on the broad types of ceramic foam, and the common techniques of foam fabrication, such as polymeric sponge method, starch consolidation, direct foaming, and gel-casting of foam. The parameters of each fabrication techniques will be discussed crucial based on the new research findings in the field of ceramic foam.
Novel rumen bacterial isolates from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Reindeer in northern Norway experience large seasonal variations in access and quality of food. Pastures are often blocked by ice and snow during winter and reindeer are consequently exposed to periods of starvation. Supplementary feeding has become increasingly common during winter in the traditional reindeer husbandry in Norway. Transitional feeding may cause digestive problems that could be reduced by use of probiotics. This paper presents novel bacterial isolates from reindeer rumen contents, as characterized in a search for a probiotic for reindeer.
Analysis of power output for piezoelectric energy harvesting systems

Power harvesting refers to the practice of acquiring energy from the environment which would be otherwise wasted and converting it into usable electric energy. Much work has been done on studying the optimal AC power output, while little has considered the AC–DC output. This article investigates the optimal AC–DC power generation for a rectified piezoelectric device. In contrast with estimates based on various degrees of approximation in the recent literature, an analytic expression for the AC–DC power output is derived under steady-state operation. It shows that the harvested power depends on the input vibration characteristics (frequency and acceleration), the mass of the generator, the electrical load, the natural frequency, the mechanical damping ratio and the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the system. An effective power normalization scheme is provided to compare the relative performance and efficiency of devices. The theoretical predictions are validated and found to be in good agreement with both experimental observations and numerical simulations. Finally, several design guidelines are suggested for devices with large coupling coefficient and quality factor.
A Hierarchical Immune-inspired Approach for Text Clustering

Interpretation of human written language generally requires high levels of cognitive functionalities, and computers are not originally designed for this task. However, with the rapid development of information technology, computers are proving to be a fundamental tool for the analysis of electronic texts, given the huge quantity of information available. In this paper we present an effort in this direction and propose a novel hierarchical approach for text clustering. The method is based on an immune-inspired algorithm operating in conjunction with a semantic SOM adapted to deal with texts in the Portuguese language. The proposal is successfully applied to two clustering problems, giving rise to an automatic definition of the hierarchical configuration of clusters.
Improvement of False Report Detection Performance Based on Invalid Data Detection Using Neural Network in WSN

WSN consists of a number of nodes and base stations and is used for event monitoring in various fields such as war situations, forest fires, and home networks. WSN sensor nodes are placed in fields that are difficult for users to manage. It is therefore vulnerable to attackers, and attackers can use false nodes or MAC injection attacks through the hijacked nodes to reduce the lifetime of the network or trigger false alarms. In order to prevent such attacks, several security protocols have been proposed, and all of them have been subjected to MAC-dependent validation, making it impossible to defend against false report attacks in extreme attack circumstances. As attacks have recently become more diverse and more intelligent, WSNs require intelligent methods of security. Based on the report information gathered from the base station, the proposed method provides a technique to prevent attacks that may occur where all MAC information is damaged by carrying out verification of a false report attack through the machine learning based prediction model and the evaluation function.
Hydrological Modeling and Climate Change Impact Assessment Using HBV Light Model: A Case Study of Karnali River Basin

This study has simulated climate change impacts on the runoff processes of the Karnali River Basin of Nepal. Estimation of the variation of snowmelt contribution to streamflow in increased temperatures has been done. The semi-distributed HBV rainfall-runoff model has been calibrated using hydrometeorological data available from 1986 to 1997. The model simulates runoff based on precipitation, air temperature and potential evapotranspiration. The calibrated model is fed with the climatic projections developed using the PRECIS Regional Climate Model to estimate future (2040s) streamflow. The study indicates that the growing temperatures will generally result in wetter flow regime in the future. doi: 10.5829/ijee.2017. 08.04. 09
POSITIVE PERIODIC SOLUTIONS FOR SECOND-ORDER NEUTRAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH FUNCTIONAL DELAY

We use Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem to prove the existence of positive periodic solutions of the second-order nonlinear neutral differential equation d2 dt2 x(t) + p(t) d dt x(t) + q(t)x(t) = c d dt x(t− τ(t)) + f(t, h(x(t)), g(x(t− τ(t)))).
Climate-driven changes in UK river flows

There is a burgeoning international literature on hydro-climatic trend detection, motivated by the need to detect and interpret any emerging changes in river flows associated with anthropogenic climate change. The UK has a particularly strong evidence base in this area thanks to a well-developed monitoring programme and a wealth of studies published over the last 20 years. This paper reviews this research, with a view to assessing the evidence for climate change influences on UK river flow, including floods and droughts. This assessment is of international relevance given the scale of the research effort in the UK, a densely monitored and data-rich environment, but one with significant human disturbances to river flow regimes, as in many parts of the world. The review finds that changes can be detected in river flow regimes, some of which agree with future change projections, while others are in apparent contradiction. Observed changes generally cannot be attributed to climate change, largely due to the fact that river flow records are limited in length and the identification of short-term trends is confounded by natural variability. A UK ‘Benchmark’ network of near-natural catchments is an internationally significant example of an initiative to enable climate variability to be discerned from direct human disturbances (e.g. abstractions, dam construction). Generally, however, the problem of attribution has been tackled rather indirectly in the UK, as elsewhere, and more efforts are required to attribute change in a more rigorous manner.
Social Innovation, Social Economy and Social Enterprise: What Can the European Debate Tell US?

1990s when the term began to be increasingly used in both Western europe and the United States. Indeed, the third sector, be it called the non- profit sector, the voluntary sector or the social economy, has long witnessed entrepreneurial dynamics which resulted in innovative solutions for providing services or goods to persons or communities whose needs were neither met by private companies nor by public providers. however, for reasons which vary from region to region, the concept of social enterprise is now gaining a fast growing interest along with two closely related terms, namely ‘social entrepreneur’ and ‘social entrepreneurship’. Social innovation, or at least innovation to provide answers to social needs, seems to be at the heart of the fast developing literature around those ‘Se concepts’. So it makes sense to question more deeply the actual links which may exist between the corpus of social enterprise research and the social innovation dynamics as defined in this book’s introduction through three major features: the satisfaction of human needs, the relations between humans in general and between social groups in particular, and the empowerment of people trying to fulfil their needs, this third feature being seen as a bridge between the first and the second. For doing so, we first contextualize the emerging Se concepts, especially highlighting their different roots and subsequent schools of thought both in the United States and europe. While doing this, we try to show the extent to which social innovation has a place and a role in such streams of literature (Section 3.2). Then, we analyse more deeply the eMeS conceptualization of social enterprise. The eMeS approach to social enterprise has been developed by a group of european scholars and is anchored in the european tradition of social economy (Section 3.3). The specificity of the eMeS approach is to approach social enterprises dynamics both by its aim, the primacy of social aim and its process through democratic governance echoing the different dimensions of social innovation (Section 3.4). Finally, we develop the issue of the links between public policies and the diffusion of social innovation in the field of social enterprise. For that purpose, we rely on one of the main eMeS research projects in the field of work integration social enterprise (Section 3.5).
Response at Genetic, Metabolic, and Physiological Levels of Maize (Zea mays) Exposed to a Cu(OH)2 Nanopesticide

Nanopesticides are becoming more popular in modern agriculture to improve crop protection product efficacy. However, information on their implications for crop plants is needed. In this study, 3-week-old maize plants were exposed to different doses of Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide (0, 10, and 100 mg) for 7 days via foliar application. Gene expression of 9 antioxidant-related enzymes (CAT1, POD1, GST1, SOD-1A, SOD-B, GPX, APX1, HSP1, PER1) was determined using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, levels of 12 low-molecular-weight antioxidant compounds were measured. Results showed that a dose of 100 mg of Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide significantly decreased leaf chlorophyll content and biomass by 17–20%. In addition, potassium and phosphorus were up-regulated (14% and 13%, respectively) in response to this dose. Gene expression of POD1 and GST1 was significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 42.6% and 71.8%, respectively, at a dose of 10 mg, but declined.
The Anxiety-Buffering Properties of Cultural and Subcultural Worldviews: Terror Management Processes among Juvenile Delinquents

Terror management research indicates that people reminded of mortality strongly affirm values and standards consistent with their cultural worldview and distance themselves from values and standards inconsistent with it. However, limited research has addressed how individuals holding beliefs inconsistent with the dominant worldview cope with death-related anxiety. The present article aims to determine which worldview subcultural groups rely on when reminded of mortality: mainstream or subcultural? Juvenile delinquents living in residential reformatories in Poland were invited to participate in a terror management study examining the anxiety-buffering strategies of individuals belonging to a group largely outside mainstream culture. Following reminders of mortality, juvenile delinquents increased support for values consistent with the mainstream cultural worldview and decreased support for values consistent with the subcultural worldview, as compared to control conditions. The present results suggest that when faced with existential threat, the subcultural worldview does not provide an adequate anxiety buffer, leading members of this subcultural group to display increased identification with mainstream cultural values. Additionally, participants’ state anxiety following death reminders was mediated by mainstream cultural worldview defense.