Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A conceptual framework for mixing structures in individual aerosol particles

This study investigated the particle size‐ and age‐dependent mixing structures of individual particles in clean and polluted air. Aerosols were classified into eight components: sea salt, mineral dust, fly ash, metal, soot, sulfates, nitrates, and organic matter (OM). Based on our aerosol classification, a particle that consists of two or more aerosol components can be defined as an internally mixed particle. Otherwise, it is considered to be an externally mixed particle. Within the internally mixed particle class, we identified four heterogeneous mixing structures: core‐shell, dumbbell, OM coating, and dispersed OM, as well as one homogeneous‐like mixing structure. Homogeneous‐like mixing mainly occurred in fine particles (<1 µm), while the frequency of heterogeneously mixed particles increased with particle size. Our study demonstrated that particle mixing structures depend on particle size and location and evolve with time. OM‐coating and core‐shell structures are important indicators for particle aging in air as long as they are distant from specific emission sources. Long‐range transported particles tended to have core‐shell and OM‐coating structures. We found that secondary aerosol components (e.g., sulfates, nitrates, and organics) determined particle mixing structures, because their phases change following particle hydration and dehydration under different relative humidities. Once externally mixed particles are transformed into internally mixed particles, they cannot revert to their former state, except when semivolatile aerosol components are involved. Categorizing mixing structures of individual particles is essential for studying their optical and hygroscopic properties and for tracing the development of their physical or chemical properties over time.
Determination of Molecular Descriptors for Illegal Drugs by Gc-fid Using Abraham Solvation Model

The Abraham solvation parameter model is a good approach for analyzing and predicting biological activities and partitioning coefficients. The general solvation equation has been used to predict the solute property (SP) behavior of drug compounds between biological barriers. Gas chromatography (GC) retention time can be used to predict molecular descriptors, such as E, S, A, B & L for existing and newly developed drug compounds. In this research, six columns of different stationary phases were used to predict the Abraham molecular descriptors more accurately. The six stationary phases used were 5% phenylmethyl polysiloxane, 6% cyanopropylphenyl 94% dimethylpolysiloxane, 5% diphenyl 95% dimethylpolysiloxane, 100% dimethylpolysiloxane, polyethylene glycol and 35% diphenyl 65% dimethylpolysiloxane. Retention times (RT) of 75 compounds have been measured and logarithm of experimental average retention time Ln(RTexp) are calculated. The Abraham solvation model is then applied to predict the process coefficients of these compounds using the literature values of the molecular descriptors (Acree Compilation descriptors). Six correlation equations are built up as a training set for each of the six columns. The six equations are then used to predict the molecular descriptors of the illegal drugs as a test set. This work shows the ability to extract molecular information from a new compound by utilizing commonly used GC columns available with the desired stationary phases. One can simply run the new compound in GC using these columns to get the retention time. Plugging in the retention time into the developed equations for each of the column will predict the molecular descriptors for the test compound and will give some information about the properties of the compound.
Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) for Food Packaging: Application and Attempts towards Implementation

Plastics are well-established for convenient and safe packaging and distribution of food and feed goods. At present, this special sector of the plastic market displays remarkably increasing quantities of its annual production. Caused by the ongoing limitation and strongly fluctuating prices of fossil feedstocks, classically used for plastic production, there is an evident trend to switch towards so-called “bio-plastics”. Especially for bulk applications such as food packaging, a broad implementation of “bio-plastics” constitutes a future-oriented strategy to restrict the dependence of global industry on fossil feedstocks, and to diminish current problematic environmental issues arising from plastic disposal. However, food packaging demands a great deal of the utilized packaging material. This encompasses tailored mechanical properties such as low brittleness and adequate tensile strength, a sufficient barrier for oxygen, CO 2 , and aromatic flavors, high UV-resistance, and high water retention-capacity to block the food´s moisture content, or to prevent humidity, respectively. Due to their hydrophobic character and the broad flexibility of their mechanical features, prokaryotic poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) are considered as promising materials to compete with petro-plastics on the food-packaging market. Nevertheless, short-comings in particular aspects of their material performance and economics of their biosynthesis and purification constitute stumbling blocks on the long way towards broad implementation of PHAs for food packaging. This article discusses advantages and drawbacks of PHAs as food packaging materials, and demonstrates how desired properties can be improved by the designing of novel composite materials, and also encompassing techniques by applying nanoparticles.
The World Beyond Two Degrees: Where Do We Stand?

The 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (Rio de Janeiro) commits signatories to prevent ‘dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system’, leaving unspecified the level of global warming that is to be considered dangerous. But keeping the average rise in global temperature below 2°C has become the focus of international efforts crystallized first in the Copenhagen climate change conference (2009) and reaffirmed in Cancun (2010). However, recent scientific evidence shows that, there are slim chances that we can stay below this target and it is likely that temperature will rise above 4 degrees. It will have severe implications for societies around the world. The Durban conference (2011) recognized the need to limit the global warming to below 2°C, above pre-industrial levels. However, as the agreements in Durban do not propose remedial action before 2020, the risk of exceeding 2°C remains very high. The current pledges will require very high annual reduction rates after 2020, increasing the risk of not being able to restrict warming to less than 2 degrees. In other words, slow mitigation process at present will have to be hastened after 2020. Limiting warming to 2°C is critical for avoiding dangerous consequences and adaptive actions are needed to limit damage from climate change.
BASIC POLYMERS

The shock response of four common semicrystalline thermoplastic polymers — polyethylene (PE) polyvinylchloride (PVC), polytertrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) — have been studied in terms of their Hugoniots, release velocities and shear strengths. Through the variations in behaviour caused by changes to the attached atoms to the carbon backbone, it has been possible to suggest that there are two main factors in play. The first is an electrostatic repulsion between adjacent polymer chains. Where this force is large, for example in PTFE with highly electronegative
Efficacy of Cooperative and Self-Directed Learning Strategies in Enhancing Mathematics Achievement of Underachieving Gifted Students in Nigeria

The study investigated the efficacy of cooperative and self-directed learning strategies as intervention strategies to reverse Mathematics underachievement for mathematics underachieving gifted students in Secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Eight-Nine (89) underachieving gifted science students were identified using multi-dimensional screening and identification instrument. The instruments used include, Slosson intelligence test, school academic record, mathematics aptitude test and mathematics achievement test with acceptable reliability coefficients. The study is a quasi-experimental study of pre and post test design. Three hypotheses were generated and tested against the data collected at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected was analysed using ANCOVA and MCA. The findings of the study revealed that the treatment interventions namely cooperative and self-directed learning strategies have significant effect at F(3,85) = 123.258, p<0.05 in enhancing mathematics achievement for the underachieving gifted science students. It was also revealed that cooperative learning is more efficacious than self-directed learning, with post means scores of 68.19 and 62.00 respectively. Recommendation was thereafter made on the use of both cooperative learning and self-directed learning strategies as intervention strategies in enhancing mathematics achievement for gifted students and particularly those who are underachieving in mathematics.
Design of a Substrate-Integrated Fabry-Pérot Cavity Antenna for K-Band Applications

This paper presents the design of a planar, low-profile, high-gain, substrate-integrated Fabry-Perot cavity antenna for K-band applications. The antenna consists of a frequency selective surface (FSS) and a planar feeding structure, which are both lithographically patterned on a high-permittivity substrate. The FSS is made of a circular hole array that acts as a partially reflecting mirror. The planar feeding structure is a wideband leaky-wave slit dipole fed by a coplanar waveguide whose ground plane acts as a perfect reflective mirror. The measured results show that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of more than 8% (VSWR ≤ 2), a maximum gain of 13.1 dBi, and a 3 dB gain bandwidth of approximately 1.3% at a resonance frequency of around 21.6 GHz. The proposed antenna features low-profile, easy integration into circuit boards, mechanical robustness, and excellent cost-effective mass production suitability.
Suppression of Citrus Melanose on the Leaves Treated with Rhizobacterial Strains after Inoculation with Diaporthe citri

Citrus melanose is one of important disease in citrus cultivation, reducing quality of citrus fruits and resulting in economic loss. Like other diseases in citrus, melanose was mainly protected by chemical fungicide in the field. Recently, alternative method of disease control is highly required due to the side effect of the chemicals. In this study four rhizobacterial strains TRH423-3, MRL408-3, THJ609-3, and TRH415-2 are selected by dual-culture testing its antifungal activity against Diaporthe citri causing citrus melanose. To investigate the protection efficacy of the selected rhizobacterial strains to citrus melanose, the bacteria were pre-treated on citrus leaves following inoculation with melanose pathogen. Pre-treatment with all selected rhizobacterial strains showed disease suppression in which the levels of protection rates were different by the rhizobacterial strains. Additional treatment with the rhizobacterial strains after the pathogen inoculation enhanced protection rates in all cases. The strain MRL408-3 and TRH423-3 were identified as Burkholderia gladioli, TRH415-2 as Pseudomons fluorescens and THJ609-3 as Pseudomonas pudia as a result of analyzing the internal transcript spaces of the rhizobacterial strains rDNA. The selected rhizobacterial strains may be valuable as biological control agents in the environment-friendly citrus farm in which chemical application is limited.
How Does Ownership Structure Affect Capital Structure and Firm Performance? Recent Evidence from East Asia

The present paper empirically examines the effects of ownership structure on capital structure and firm valuation in four East Asian countries worst affected by the last Crisis. In doing so, we distinguish ownership from both control and management and also allow for the simultaneity between capital structure and firm valuation in the sample countries. Results obtained from 3SLS estimates with error components confirm and extend the findings of Claessens et al. (2002) and particularly highlight the contrasting behaviour of family firms and non-family firms with/without a Cronyman.
Experimental study on critical heat flux in bilaterally heated narrow annuli

Critical heat flux (CHF) experiments using deionized water as working fluid have been conducted in a range of pressure from 0.6 to 4.2 MPa, mass flow velocity from 60 to 130 kg/m s and wall heat flux from 10 to 90 kW/m for vertical narrow annuli with annular gap sizes of 0.95 and 1.5 mm. We found that the CHF, occurring only on the inside tube, or on the outside tube or on both tubes of the annular channel, depends on the heat flux ratio between surfaces of the outside and inside tubes. The CHF, occurring on the surface of the inside tube, reaches the maximum value under the pressure of 2.3 MPa while it occurring on the surface of the outside tube keeps increasing with the increase of the pressure. The CHF, occurring on the inside or outside tubes, increases with the increase of the mass flow velocity and the annular gap size; and decreases with the increase of critical quality and the other tube wall heat flux. Empirical correlations, which agree quite well with the experimental data, have been developed to predict the CHF occurring on surfaces of the inside or outside tubes of the narrow annular channel on the conditions of low pressure and low flow. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Immobilization of recognition elements on a self-assembled monolayers bio-platform

espanolLos materiales funcionalizados poradsorcion sobre capas autoensambladas de 3-aminopropiltrietoxisilano (APTS) en vidrio (vidrio amino-funcionalizado) sirven para inmovilizar biomoleculasen estructuras usadas para biosensores. Liposomas de polidiacetileno (lip-PDA-NHS) y Biotin PEGiladocon NHS se inmovilizaron aprovechando el ester de succinimidilo; y sirvieron para reconocer Tirosinasa o streptavidina (SAV). Debido a la interaccion liposoma-PDA-Ty, ocurrio un cambio en la planaridad de la cadena polimerica PDA, percibido como una transicion de azul-a-rojo; mientras que, la biotina inmovilizada interactuo con SAVpor afinidad biologica. La capacidad de deteccion del sistemase evaluo por espectroscopia UV-vis o por microscopia de fluorescencia. Las capas de APTS funcionalizadas con biomoleculasretuvieron la capacidad de reconocimiento colorimetrico despues de la interaccion biologica,permitiendo la fabricacion de una matriz resistente a proteinas con una propiedad de bioafinidad. Esta quimica de superficies es simple y accesible parala modificacion de substratos de vidrio, utiles en arreglos de bioplataformas opticas. EnglishTailored materials formed by spontaneous two-dimensional arrangement of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane self-assembled monolayer on glass (amino-functionalized glass) has been exploited to attach biomolecules in well-organized structures useful in biosensing. Succinimidyl ester of both unpolymerized diacetylene liposome (NHS-DA-liposome) layer and PEGylated biotin (Bt-PEG-NHS) matrix were covalently bonded to the amino-functionalized glass by the NHS linker, and exposed to either Tyrosinase (Ty) or Streptavidin (SAV) solution. The interaction between Ty and polymerized NHS-PDA-liposome transformed the planarity of the PDA backbone, and a blue-to-red transition occurred; Bt-PEGattached to the fluorescent-SAV by bioaffinity. Sensing capability of bioplatform systems was evaluated by Uv-vis spectroscopy or fluorescence microscopy. Biomolecule functionalized SAMs retained the recognition potential of colorimetric Ty-PDA-liposome after biological interaction, and also facilitated the fabrication of a protein-resistant matrix with a particular affinity property. This surface chemistry is accessible to depositing proteins on both SAM-coated glass surface, and tethered to SAM, resulting in optical bioplatform arrays.
CFD simulation of polydispersed bubbly two-phase flow around an obstacle; ; Science & technology of nuclear installations;

This paper concerns the model of a polydispersed bubble population in the frame of an ensemble averaged two-phase flow formulation. The ability of the moment density approach to represent bubble population size distribution within a multi-dimensional CFD code based on the two-fluid model is studied. Two different methods describing the polydispersion are presented: (i) a moment density method, developed at IRSN, to model the bubble size distribution function and (ii) a population balance method considering several different velocity fields of the gaseous phase. The first method is implemented in the Neptune_CFD code, whereas the second method is implemented in the CFD code ANSYS/CFX. Both methods consider coalescence and breakup phenomena and momentum interphase transfers related to drag and lift forces. Air-water bubbly flows in a vertical pipe with obstacle of the TOPFLOW experiments series performed at FZD are then used as simulations test cases. The numerical results, obtained with Neptune_CFD and with ANSYS/CFX, allow attesting the validity of the approaches. Perspectives concerning the improvement of the models, their validation, as well as the extension of their applicability range are discussed.
Modeling of the microstructure and mechanical properties during welding of low alloyed high strength steel

Modeling the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties During Welding of Low Alloyed High Strength Steel Joni Paananen University of Oulu, Degree Programme of Mechanical Engineering Master’s thesis 2017, 83 p. Supervisors at the university: Jari Larkiola and Aarne Pohjonen The aim of the work was to create a model to simulate the evolution of the microstructure during welding. The model consists of heat transfer and heat input models, microstructure model and hardness model. The heat transfer and heat input models are used to model the arc welding and the temperature changes in the welded piece. A microstructure model has been coupled with the heat transfer model i.e. the microstructure evolution is modeled simultaneously with the heat transfer model. The microstructure model simulates phase transformations and grain growth. In addition, the model predicts the hardness based on the microstructure. A graphical user interface was also developed to ease the usage of the model. The developed model is numerical and is based on theories presented in the literature. Some parameters for theories have also been defined experimentally using thermomechanical simulator. Real welding experiments were also made to verify the model. The temperature model can predict the temperatures in the heat-affected zone quite reliably. The phase transformation model works also well. The phase fractions from the model correlate with those seen under a microscope and the model predicts the shapes of the heat-affected zone and fusion zone with relatively good accuracy. The grain growth model works well far from fusion line but is not as good near the fusion line. The hardness model is not as reliable as other models but is still able to predict the hardness quite well even though the model is rather simple.
A Brief history of translations of modern and contemporary chinese literature in Spain (1949-2009)

This paper outlines the history of translations of twentieth century Chinese literature in Spain both in Spanish and in Catalan. Not only direct translations, but also indirect versions are the object of study. The evolution of indirectness is used as an indicator to examine the relationship between these two literary systems and to consider the trends of the present globalized literary polysystem. The mediation of Anglophone and Francophone literary systems in the reception of this literature in Spain is examined and questioned. The assumption that indirect translation is a practice that diminishes with the development of cultural exchanges will be proved false. This paper raises such questions as: What was the development of modern and contemporary Chinese literature translations in the 20th century? How have “power” positions developed? What kinds of text are received in Spain? In which direction is the relationship between these two literary systems evolving? Ultimately, my interest extends to the norms that govern the transmission of texts and the nature of the new literary global system.
The Impact of Business Unit Strategy, Structure and Technical Innovativeness on Change in Management Accounting and Control Systems at the Business Unit Level: An Empirical Analysis

This study tests the hypothesis that business unit strategy and business unit structure affect change in a business unit’s Management Accounting & Control System (MACS). Business units are parts of a larger ‘whole’ organization, such as departments, teams, strategic groups or divisions. Change in MACS has been assessed by asking managers to estimate the number of changes that has taken place in their business unit’s MACS over a two-year time period. Using data from a survey amongst 61 business unit managers in the Netherlands, the study suggests that the costing & transfer pricing and reward system are relatively ‘resistant to change’. The results also indicate that the administrative capacity of a business unit is the main driver of change in MACS. Finally, business unit strategy and business unit structure affect change in specific components of MACS at the business unit level, apparently depending on whether the change in MACS facilitates or influences managerial decisions.
Anorectal Atresia with Rectoscrotal Fistula: A Rare Anorectal Malformation

A full-term male baby was referred at birth with small midline opening in the mid-scrotum covered by a thin membrane which was perforated by passing a fine infant feeding tube (Fig. 1). The tube seemed to pass upwards and obliquely, indicating that this was not a low type of ARM. The bowel was decompressed by giving rectal washouts twice daily through the fistula, thus avoiding emergency colostomy. A contrast study through fistula confirmed the diagnosis of an intermediate type of ARM with a long recto-scrotal fistula in close proximity to the urethra (Fig. 2).
A survey of the six sigma management practices in the banking industry in Kenya

The study sought to explore the six signia management practices in the banking industry in Kenya. Emphasis was on the following research questions: extent of integration of six sigma practices with business strategy for competitiveness? and challenges hindering effective implementation of six sigma practices. Primary data w a s collected through questionnaires and distributed to senior managers in the banks operating in Kenya. Data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics and SPSS (12.0) was used for the purpose of the analysis. Results obtained indicate that the use of six sigma management practices in the banking industry is quite low. This is the case when it comes to identifying critical-to-quality customer requirements (through market research) before embarking on quality improvement initiatives, use of tools and techniques in the whole process of quality management, adherence to project implementation variables, and development of parameters to measure effectiveness of various processes used in delivery of services to customers. Most ideas for quality improvement were from employees. The critical challenges faced by most organizations are among others, failure to understand customer needs, inadequate employee needs, lack of appropriate data to measure service gaps, inappropriate culture/resistance to change, weak leadership/commitment by top management and inappropriate organization structures/bureaucracies. The study's major limitation was the low response rate considering the size of the banking industry in Kenya. However, on the positive side, the study can be used as the foundation in which six sigma can be implemented in the banking industry as well as other service industries in Kenya for competitiveness.