Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Document Structure Identification Method Based on Conditional Random Field

On the basis of deep analysis on the structural features and heading features of documents, it has researched the classification method based on templates and the classification method based on statistics as well as the sequence labeling method based on CRF (Conditional Random Field), then proposed to treat document structure identification as sequential data labeling, built CRF training model with feature templates and finally realized document structure identification upon training model with existing way of supervision learning. Experimental results show that identifying paragraph roles from document sequence structure helps to ensure a higher accuracy and it also owns certain fault-tolerant ability. Besides, it is observed that using CRF for many times could further improve the accuracy of identification.
Optimalization of Beacon Selection for Localization in Wireless AD-HOC Networks

In this paper we engage in optimalization of convenient beacons for localization position of a node in the ad-hoc network. An algorithm designed by us localizes position of moving or static node by RSS (Received Signal Strength) method and trilateration. At first, localization of unknown node runs by combination of all beacons. Than optimalizating algorithm reduces the number of beacons (and repeats localization), while only three left. Its reduction is based on highest levels of received signal strength. It is only when signals are from the nearest beacons. Position localizating exactness is statistically interpreted from all localization by beacons combination and its repeating.
Association of SSR markers with partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)

Basal stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is one of the most important diseases of sunflower in the world. The objective of present study was to estimate the number of markers and genomic region associated with basal stem rot resistance in sunflower. The genetic variability among 15 sunflower genotypes from different countries of origin was evaluated using 38 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. One hundred and two markers were generated at 38 SSR loci and the mean for the number of allele per locus was 2.32. The UPGMA clustering algorithm based on Jaccard's coefficient of similarity classified the studied genotypes into three distinct groups. Marker-trait associations were studied for disease susceptibility of 15 sunflower genotypes against seven S. sclerotiorum isolates through one way ANOVA using a set of 102 SSR markers. Using ANOVA method fifteen putative SSR markers were detected for partial resistance against isolates. Two out of 15 SSR markers was common between some isolates whereas the others were specific for each isolate. ORS 1265 was common for SSU35 and SSU87isolates, and ORS 149 was common for SSU53 and SSU55 isolates. Regarding isolate-specific and isolate-nonspecific markers detected for partial resistance, it is evident that both genetic effects control partial resistance to S. sclerotiorum isolates. This confirms the need to consider different isolates in the basal stem rot resistance breeding programs.
EVALUATION OF THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF CHAETOCEROS MUELLERI SCHÜTT (CHAETOCEROTALES: CHAETOCEROTACEAE) AND ISOCHRYSIS SP. (ISOCHRYSIDALES: ISOCHRYSIDACEAE) GROWN OUTDOORS FOR THE LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI (BOONE, 1931) (DECAPODA: PENAEIDAE ).

The biomass, proximal composition and fatty acid profile of Isochrysis sp. , Chaetoceros muelleri and their mix- ture, grown under greenhouse conditions, were evaluated. The nutritional value of both species supplied as the monoalgal (Chaetoceros muelleri: Diet I, and Isochrysis sp. Diet II) and mixed diet (Diet III) for larval Litopenaeus vannamei was also assessed on the basis of the development and biochemical composition of the larvae. The highest protein levels were obtained in Diets I and II (40% and 35%, respectively). No significant differences in larval survival were found among the diets; however, larvae fed on Diet II had the lowest mean larval length.
Influence of Genetic and Non-Genetic Risk Factors for Serum Uric Acid Levels and Hyperuricemia in Mexicans

Risk of hyperuricemia is modified by genetic and environmental factors. Our aim was to identify factors associated with serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia in Mexicans. A pilot Genome-wide association study GWAS was performed in a subgroup of participants (n = 411) from the Health Workers Cohort Study (HWCS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum uric acid levels were validated in all the HWCS participants (n = 1939) and replicated in independent children (n = 1080) and adult (n = 1073) case-control studies. The meta-analysis of the whole HWCS and replication samples identified three SLC2A9 SNPs: rs1014290 (p = 2.3 × 10−64), rs3775948 (p = 8.2 × 10−64) and rs11722228 (p = 1.1 × 10−17); and an ABCG2 missense SNP, rs2231142 (p = 1.0 × 10−18). Among the non-genetic factors identified, the visceral adiposity index, smoking, the metabolic syndrome and its components (waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose and hyperlipidemia) were associated with increased serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia (p < 0.05). Among the female HWCS participants, the odds ratio for hyperuricemia was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.01–1.53) per unit increase in soft drink consumption. As reported in other studies, our findings indicate that diet, adiposity and genetic variation contribute to the elevated prevalence of hyperuricemia in Mexico.
Combined fractional anisotropy and subcortical volumetric abnormalities in healthy immigrants to high altitude: A longitudinal study

The study of individuals at high‐altitude (HA) exposure provides an important opportunity for unraveling physiological and psychological mechanism of brain underlying hypoxia condition. However, this has rarely been assessed longitudinally. We aim to explore the cognitive and cerebral microstructural alterations after chronic HA exposure. We recruited 49 college freshmen who immigrated to Tibet and followed up for 2 years. Control group consisted of 49 gender and age‐matched subjects from sea level. Neuropsychological tests were also conducted to determine whether the subjects' cognitive function had changed in response to chronic HA exposure. Surface‐based cortical and subcortical volumes were calculated from structural magnetic resonance imaging data, and tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA) based on diffusion weighted images were performed. Compared to healthy controls, the high‐altitude exposed individuals showed significantly lower accuracy and longer reaction times in memory tests. Significantly decreased gray matter volume in the caudate region and significant FA changes in multiple WM tracts were observed for HA immigrants. Furthermore, differences in subcortical volume and WM integration were found to be significantly correlated with the cognitive changes after 2 years' HA exposure. Cognitive functions such as working memory and psychomotor function were found to be impaired during chronic HA. Differences of brain subcortical volumes and WM integration between HA and sea‐level participants indicated potential impairments in the brain structural modifications and microstructural integrity of WM tracts after HA exposure.
The 18.5-kDa Myelin Basic Protein has Loose Tertiary Contacts Regulated by Zinc and Post-Translational Modification

The 18.5-kDa Myelin Basic Protein has Loose Tertiary Contacts Regulated by Zinc and Post-Translational Modification Ehsan Fayaz Advisor: University of Guelph, 2011 Professor G. Harauz Myelin basic protein (MBP) has fascinated researchers and clinicians alike due to its major structural role in myelin and the central nervous system, and its potent autoimmunogenic properties that cause demyelination in animal models. The charge variants of MBP have been of particular interest. The C1 component, the least modified and most cationic of the variants, is the most abundant form of MBP in healthy adult myelin. The C8 component, the most modified and the least cationic variant, has been found in higher proportions in myelin of MS patients and children. Here, an investigation of the structural differences between C1 and C8 components of MBP was conducted. The spectral and hydrodynamic properties of these variants were monitored via a number of biophysical/biochemical techniques. The effect of zinc (Zn 2+ ) on the conformational behaviour of MBP was examined. Zn 2+ is an abundant metal in the brain, and had been previously shown to induce hydrodynamic compaction in MBP. Both variants have a loose tertiary arrangement with subtle differences. This arrangement is deficient in secondary structure and undergoes non-cooperative temperature-induced melting. Zn 2+ stabilizes a molten globular-like state with enhanced ANS fluorescence, and promotes oligomerization.
Ocimum basilicum L. var. purpurascens Benth.-LAMIACEAE Mediated Green Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles enjoy a prominent status among metal oxide nanoparticles due to their potential technological applications. Though conventional physical and chemical approaches for nanoparticle synthesis are capable of meeting the growing demand, it has also invited degradation and deterioration of the environment, as a result of release of toxic substances, during manufacture and processing of the particles. Thus, synthesis of nanoparticles via the “green” route has gained tremendous interest in the recent times due to eco-friendliness, and the current study is the first report for the utilization of Ocimum basilicum L. var. purpurascens Benth. -LAMIACEAE leaf extract, as a novel source, for the synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). Hexagonal shaped TiO2-NPs with size of 50 nm have been synthesized and characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and EDX.
THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE CATTELL-HORN-CARROLL COGNITIVE ABILITIES IN EXPLAINING WRITING ACHIEVEMENT DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE

This study examined the relative contributions of measures of Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) cognitive abilities in explaining writing achievement. Drawing from samples that covered the age range of 7 to 18 years, simultaneous multiple regression was used to regress scores from the Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ III; Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001) that represent CHC broad and narrow abilities onto the WJ III Basic Writing Skills and Written Expression cluster scores. At most age levels, Comprehension-Knowledge demonstrated moderate to strong effects on both writing clusters, Processing Speed demonstrated moderate effects on Basic Writing Skills and moderate to strong effects on Written Expression, and Short-Term Memory demonstrated moderate effects. At the youngest age levels, Long-Term Retrieval demonstrated moderate to strong effects on Basic Writing Skills and moderate effects on Written Expression. Auditory Processing, and Phonemic Awareness demonstrated moderate effects on only Written Expression at the youngest age levels and at some of the oldest age levels. Fluid Reasoning demonstrated moderate effects on both writing clusters only during some of the oldest age levels. Visual-Spatial Thinking primarily demonstrated negligible effects. The results provide insights into the cognitive abilities most important for understanding the writing skills of children during the school-age years. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microstructural and Electrical Properties of Sn-Modified BaTiO3 Lead-Free Ceramics by Two-Step Sintering Method

Ba(Ti0.92Sn0.08)O3 lead-free ceramics were prepared using a two-step sintering (TSS) technique. Varying the first sintering temperature T1 (1400 and 1500°C) and the dwell time t1 (0, 15, and 30 min), we obtained dense ceramics which were then soaked at a constant temperature of 1000°C (T2) for 6 h (t2). The structural and electrical properties were investigated. XRD results indicated that all the ceramics showed a pure perovskite phase with tetragonal symmetry. Density and grain size increased with higher T1 temperatures and increased t1 dwell times. Enhanced electrical properties were achieved by sintering at the optimized T1 sintering temperature and t1 dwelling time. At the lower T1 sintering temperature of 1400°C, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties and the Curie temperature of the ceramics were improved significantly by increasing t1 dwell time. Further, increasing the sintering temperature T1 to 1500°C, excellent properties were obtained at t1 = 15 min which then deteriorated when t1 was increased to 30 min. The electrical properties of the sample sintered under the T1/t1/T2/t2 condition of “1500/15/1000/6” showed the best values. For this sample the piezoelectric coefficient (d33), dielectric permittivity (er), loss factor (tanδ), and Curie temperature (TC) were 490 pC/N, 4385, 0.0272, and 48°C, respectively.
Accrual Accounting in Public Sectors: Possible Contextual and Application Gaps for Future Research Agenda

This paper analyses the possible contextual and application gaps derived from the utilisation of van Helden and Northcott’s (2010) method of study for classifying themes in published public sector’s accrual accounting papers according to their research objectives. As a result, our theme categorisation refers to the following research objectives: a) proposing new financial/management accounting techniques/approaches for public sector accrual accounting systems (e.g. accrual output-based budgeting, performance management and costing); b) examining the effectiveness of accrual accounting techniques/approaches; c) identifying the conditions for the successful/failure of the implementation of accrual accounting techniques/approaches; and d) knowledge-building in understanding, explaining and critiquing the adoption and use of accrual accounting techniques/approaches, both theoretically and practically. Through the process of populating and establishing the themes (based on research objectives), we were able to identify which areas of study have received less attention and which areas have room for further exploration.
Association Between Smoking Hookahs (Shishas) and Higher Risk of Obesity: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies

The American Heart Association has published a scientific statement on the effect of hookah smoking on health outcomes; nevertheless, hookah smoking continues to be popular worldwide, especially among the young. Recent reports mention a potential link between hookah smoking and obesity; however, uncertainties still surround this issue. The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review to clarify whether hookah smoking is associated with a higher risk of obesity among the general population. This study was conducted in compliance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and data were collated by means of a meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis. Of the 818 articles retrieved, five large-population and low-bias studies comprising a total of 16,779 participants met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. All included studies reported that, regardless of gender, hookah smoking increases the risk of obesity among all ages and observed an association between the two after a correction for several confounders or reported a higher prevalence of obesity among hookah smokers. This was confirmed by the meta-analysis. Therefore, hookah smoking seems to be associated with a higher risk of obesity. Public health policymakers should be aware of this for the better management of obesity and weight-related comorbidities.
ORCHIDEE-ROUTING: revising the river routing scheme using a high-resolution hydrological database

Abstract. The river routing scheme (RRS) in the Organising Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model is a valuable tool for closing the water cycle in a coupled environment and for validating the model performance. This study presents a revision of the RRS of the ORCHIDEE model that aims to benefit from the high-resolution topography provided by the Hydrological data and maps based on SHuttle Elevation Derivatives at multiple Scales (HydroSHEDS), which is processed to a resolution of approximately 1 km. Adapting a new algorithm to construct river networks, the new RRS in ORCHIDEE allows for the preservation of as much of the hydrological information from HydroSHEDS as the user requires. The evaluation focuses on 12 rivers of contrasting size and climate which contribute freshwater to the Mediterranean Sea. First, the numerical aspect of the new RRS is investigated, in order to identify the practical configuration offering the best trade-off between computational cost and simulation quality for ensuing validations. Second, the performance of the new scheme is evaluated against observations at both monthly and daily timescales. The new RRS satisfactorily captures the seasonal variability of river discharge, although important biases stem from the water budget simulated by the ORCHIDEE model. The results highlight that realistic streamflow simulations require accurate precipitation forcing data and a precise river catchment description over a wide range of scales, as permitted by the new RRS. Detailed analyses at the daily timescale show the promising performance of this high-resolution RRS with respect to replicating river flow variation at various frequencies. Furthermore, this RRS may also eventually be well adapted for further developments in the ORCHIDEE land surface model to assess anthropogenic impacts on river processes (e.g. damming for irrigation operation).
TOTALLY GLASS-BASED MICROCHIPS WITH VALVES AND PUMPS USING FLEXIBILITY OF ULTRA THIN GLASS

Sophisticated on-chip valves or pumps are extremely important to manipulate small-volume samples in a microchip. Currently, the most commonly used valves and pumps utilize polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), exploiting its elastomeric property, but they also have several disadvantages such as chemical and physical instability. With respect to these issues, glass is the most common material utilized to create multi-purpose integrated chemical systems. However, glass is very hard and difficult to incorporate valves into a glass microchip. To overcome this problem, this report describes the development of an ultra thin glass-based valve and pumps installed in an all-glass based microchip.
Responses of faunal assemblages to urbanisation: global research paradigms and an avian case study

Urban areas worldwide share many features, including high human population densities, the presence of high levels of chemical input to air, water and soil, and the redirection and/or piping of above-ground water flows. As habitat for fauna, their other distinctive features include planted and maintained lawns and gardens, many simple and impervious surfaces (e.g., buildings, roads), patches of remnant native vegetation, and a liberal supply of human food scraps and wastes (McDonnell and Pickett, 1990; Marzluff et al., 2001 Nilon Chapter 10, van der Ree Chapter 11). These features also show characteristic spatial variation. In commercial and industrial domains, built structures dominate the available space, whereas in suburban residential areas, buildings are interspersed with gardens and lawns, which in turn may vary in size and nature. There is often an ’exurban’ sprawl (Marzluff, 2001; Miller et al., 2001) containing residential areas which have larger allotment sizes, lower densities of dwellings, and more land occupied by lawns or vegetation. These global similarities are driven by trans-national export of technologies and cultures.
Conceptual design of the three-dimensional magnetic field configuration relevant to the magnetopause reconnection in the SPERF

A new ground-based experimental device, the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF), is being designed at Harbin Institute of Technology in China, with Asymmetric REconnection eXperiment-3 Dimensional (AREX-3D) as one of the experimental components to study the asymmetric reconnection dynamics relevant to the interaction between the interplanetary and magnetospheric plasmas. The asymmetry in the designed magnetic reconnection process not only refers to the distinct plasma parameters designed for the two upstream regions across the current sheet, but also refers to the inhomogeneity in the direction along the current sheet resulting from the designed 3D magnetic field geometry. These two asymmetries are fundamental features of the reconnection process at the Earth’s magnetopause. In experiment, the reconnection process is driven by a set of flux cores through coil-currentramp-up from the ‘magnetosheath-side’ to interact with a dipole magnetic field generated by the Dipole Research EXperiment (DREX) coil on the ‘magnetosphere-side’. The AREX-3D will be able to investigate a range of important reconnection issues in 3D magnetic field geometry that is relevant to the Earth’s magnetopause. A wide range of plasma parameters can be achieved through inductive plasma generation with flux cores on the ‘magnetosheath-side’ and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) with microwave sources on the ‘magnetosphere-side’, e.g. high (low) plasma density at experimental magnetosheath (dipole) side. Different reconnection regimes and geometries can be produced by adjusting plasma parameters and coil setups as well as coil current waveforms. The three-dimensional magnetic field configurations in the SPERF relevant to the dayside magnetopause reconnection are discussed in detail.
Virtual Machine-Assisted Collaborative Junk Object Detection

Memory leak is unrecoverable software bug that causes performance degradation and reliability issues to software applications. Although memory management systems exist in modern Object Oriented Language to reclaim unused memory store, memory leak can still happen, and continue to exhaust memory resource. In Java, where there is garbage collection for releasing unused objects, memory leaks manifest itself in the form of unused object retention. Since Java Programming language allocates objects on heap, the lifetime of an object deviates from the stack discipline, which can be a challenge in detecting Java memory leak. In this thesis, we propose a collaborative approach in detecting Java memory leaks through verifying Object Lifetime Specification at runtime. We designed a runtime verifier that leverages Java Virtual Machine technologies to monitor and extract annotated information from the user application, and use that information to verify against Java Virtual Machine events to detect unintentional object retention in the Java application under test. We implemented our runtime verifier with Maxine Virtual Machine, an open source, meta-circular virtual machine developed by Oracle Lab, and conducted experiments and DaCapo benchmark to evaluate its accuracy and performance efficiency. The results show that the runtime verification tool successfully identifies junk objects for different semantic cases proposed in this thesis with certain runtime overhead. Through the research and experimental results, we further make implications on how to improve the performance overhead associated with current design and implementation methods in detecting unused object retention, which in the long term constitute memory leak and performance bug.