Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of SiC power module packaging: Layout, material system and integration

Silicon-Carbide (SiC) devices with superior performance over traditional silicon power devices have become the prime candidates for future high-performance power electronics energy conversion. Traditional device packaging becomes a limiting factor in fully realizing the benefits offered by SiC power devices, and thus, improved and advanced packaging structures are required to bridge the gap between SiC devices and their applications. This paper provides a review of the state-of-art advanced module packaging technologies for SiC devices with the focuses on module layout, packaging material system, and module integration trend, and links these packaging advancements to their impacts on the SiC device performances. Through this review, the paper discusses main challenges and potential solutions for SiC modules, which is critical for future SiC applications.
Variation in survivorship of a migratory songbird throughout its annual cycle

Summary 1 Demographic data from both breeding and non-breeding periods are needed to manage populations of migratory birds, many of which are declining in abundance and are of conservation concern. Although habitat associations, and to a lesser extent, reproductive biology, are known for many migratory species, few studies have measured survival rates of these birds at different parts of their annual cycle. 2 Cormack–Jolly–Seber models and Akaike’s information criterion model selection were used to investigate seasonal variation in survival of a Nearctic – Neotropical migrant songbird, the black-throated blue warbler, Dendroica caerulescens. Seasonal and annual survival were estimated from resightings of colour-ringed individuals on breeding grounds in New Hampshire, USA from 1986 to 2000 and on winter quarters in Jamaica, West Indies from 1986 to 1999. Warblers were studied each year during the May–August breeding period in New Hampshire and during the October–March overwinter period in Jamaica. 3 In New Hampshire, males had higher annual survival (0·51 ± 0·03) and recapture probabilities (0·93 ± 0·03) than did females (survival: 0·40 ± 0·04; recapture: 0·87 ± 0·06). In Jamaica, annual survival (0·43 ± 0·03) and recapture (0·95 ± 0·04) probabilities did not differ between sexes. Annual survival and recapture probabilities of young birds (i.e. yearlings in New Hampshire and hatch-year birds in Jamaica) did not differ from adults, indicating that from the time hatch-year individuals acquire territories on winter quarters in mid-October, they survive as well as adults within the same habitat. 4 Monthly survival probabilities during the summer (May–August) and winter (October–March) stationary periods were high: 1·0 for males in New Hampshire, and 0·99 ± 0·01 for males in Jamaica and for females in both locations. 5 These annual and seasonal survival estimates were used to calculate warbler survival for the migratory periods. Monthly survival probability during migration ranged from 0·77 to 0·81 ± 0·02. Thus, apparent mortality rates were at least 15 times higher during migration compared to that in the stationary periods, and more than 85% of apparent annual mortality of D. caerulescens occurred during migration. 6 Additional data from multiple species, especially measures of habitat-specific demography and dispersal, will improve our understanding of the relative impacts of the breeding, migratory, and winter periods on population dynamics of migratory birds and thus enhance future conservation efforts.
Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis : Relative efficacy of 1 antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle 2 3

1 antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle 2 3 Charlotte B. Winder,* David F. Kelton,* Annette M. O’Connor,† M. Ann Godkin, ‡ and 4 Jan M. Sargeant*§ 5 6 * Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 7 † Department of Veterinary Diagnostics and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University College 8 of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50011 9 ‡ Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Elora, Ontario, N0B 1S0 10 § Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 11
Metabolic syndrome in childhood : current status

While obesity was a rare problem in children even in USA and type 2 diabetes was observed almost never in childhood 30 years ago, currently it is being noted with amazement that 1/3 of children are obese or overweight in some cities and 1/5 of the newly diagnosed diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes in some pediatric endocrinology centers (1). However, at least 17% of adolescents are obese, but the incidence of type 2 diabetes in this age group is lower than 0.5%. Thus, the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes is not simple or linear. Pathogenetic relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes has changed our viewpont of obesity: Insulin resistance is present more or less in all obese children, but obesity in a group of obese children develops as a part of the process of metabolic syndrome (MS)/prediabetes. Therefore, differentiating the obese children who have insulin resistance in the background and who carry a risk of MS/type 2 diabetes is important. Metabolic syndrom was described as the combination of hyperglicemia, hypertension and hyperuricemia at first. Reaven (2) noted the relationship between the disorders in MS and insulin resistance using the name of Syndrome X in 1988. Definitions of WHO were made in 1998, definitions of National Cholesterol Education Program were made in 2001 and definitions of International Diabetes Federation (IDF) were made in 2005 (2-5). Studies performed in adults have shown that myocardial infarction and stoke occur in individuals with MS with a 2-3 fold higher rate compared to individuals without MS and diabetes occur with a 5 fold higher rate and it is known that MS is present in 1/4 of adult population in the world (5). Studies performed in adults and children have suggested that marked increase in central adipose tissue accompanies the process of MS/type 2 diabetes and this tissue releases tools (including free fatty acids, TNFalpha, IL-6, resistin) disturbing insulin signal transmission at receptor or post-receptor levels like a kind of “toxic/inflammatory area” and a vicious cycle develops between increase in the adipose tissue and insulin resistance (6,7). Although this interaction beween obesity and
Increasing patient safety by adopting system safety in a healthcare setting

II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS IV 1. INTRODUCTION 9 1.1. BACKGROUND 9 1.2. PURPOSE 10 1.3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 10 1.4. DELIMITATIONS 11 1.5. REPORT OUTLINE 11 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 12 2.1. COMPLEX SYSTEM DYNAMICS 12 2.2. HIGH RELIABILITY ORGANIZATION 14 2.3. SYSTEM SAFETY 17 2.3.1. MAIN PROPERTIES OF SYSTEM SAFETY 23 3. METHOD 25 3.1. RESEARCH STRATEGY AND DESIGN 25 3.2. LITERATURE REVIEW 25 3.3. DATA COLLECTION 26 3.3.1. SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS 27 3.3.2. PARTICIPANT OBSERVATIONS 28 3.3.3. QUESTIONNAIRE 28 3.3.4. QUALITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS 29 3.4. DATA ANALYSIS 29 3.5. RESEARCH QUALITY 31 3.6. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 32 4. EMPIRICAL DATA 34 4.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CASE 34 5. ANALYSIS 44 5.1. SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS 47 6. DISCUSSION 50 7. CONCLUSIONS 52 BIBLIOGRAPHY 57
Measuring Urban Forest Canopy Effects on Stormwater Runoff in Guelph, Ontario

MEASURING URBAN FOREST CANOPY EFFECTS ON STORMWATER RUNOFF IN GUELPH, ONTARIO Stephen M. O’Neill Advisor: University of Guelph, 2018 Robert Corry Cities are complex and contribute to urban stream degradation due to increased stormwater runoff volumes and velocities and ineffective stormwater management infrastructure. Trees provide measurable benefits to cities including rainfall interception which can decrease stormwater runoff, demonstrating their effectiveness as a stormwater management tool. This study quantifies the effects of urban forest canopy on stormwater runoff to assess proportions of canopy cover required to effectively reduce runoff levels. i-Tree Hydro, a semi-distributed hydrological model, was used to measure hydrologic effects of the City of Guelph’s urban forest. Varying proportions of canopy cover were used to compare Guelph’s current and potential urban forest. Results show that increasing canopy cover in plantable spaces decreased overall flow within the City, however, runoff over impervious surfaces increased. The findings can inform design decisions related to urban stormwater management and improve urban forest management measures, however, impervious surfaces remain a design challenge.
Probabilistic analysis of wind turbine planning in distribution systems

DG planning is an important issue in power system studies. These technologies have a lot of advantages such as reducing power loss, improving voltage profile and etc. Renewable resources such as wind and solar units are the cleanest technologies among all of the DG technologies. This paper presents wind turbine planning in order to reduce the annual costs of the distribution system. Since the power generated from wind turbines is dependent on the wind speed and the wind speed has an intermittent nature, so all of the related costs including the energy loss cost, energy not supplied cost and the purchased energy cost from the private investors of the wind turbines and the substation transmission system should be studied from probabilistic point of view. The uncertainty of wind speed is modeled with the Rayleigh probability distribution function. The planning problem is formulated as mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) and is tested on a 9 bus distribution system using GAMS software. The results show a significant reduction in annual costs of the distribution system.
Action design research: a comparison with canonical action research and design science

This research in progress paper addresses the IS issue in relation to conducting relevant research while keeping academic rigor. In particular, it contributes to the ongoing academic conversation around the investigation on how to incorporate action in design science research. In this document the philosophical underpinnings of the recently proposed methodology called Action Design Research [1] are derived, outlined and integrated into Burrel and Morgan’s Paradigmatic Framework (1979)[6]. The results so far show how Action Design Research can be considered as a particular case of Design Science Research (rather than a methodology closely related to Action Research) although they can assume two different epistemological positions. From these philosophical perspectives, future works will involve the inclusion of actual research projects using the three different methodologies. The final goal is to outline and structure the divergences and similarities of Action Design Research with Design Science Research and Canonical Action Research.
Mixed `-adic complexes for schemes over number fields

IfX is a variety over a number field, Annette Huber has defined in [14] a category of “horizontal” (or “almost everywhere unramified”) `-adic complexes and `-adic perverse sheaves on X . For such objects, the notion of weights makes sense (in the sense of Deligne, see [9]), just as in the case of varieties over finite fields. However, contrary to what happens in that last case, mixed perverse sheaves (or mixed locally constant sheaves) on X do not have a weight filtration in general, even when X is a point. The goal of this paper is to show how to avoid this problem by working directly in the derived category of the abelian category of perverse sheaves that do admit a weight filtration. As an application, the methods of [21] to calculate the intermediate extension of a pure perverse sheaf apply over any finitely generated field, and not just over a finite field.
Stochastic Claims Reserving in Insurance Using Random Effects

Estimation of claims reserves, which should be held by the insurer so as to be able to meet expected future claims arising from policies currently in force and policies written in the past, presents an important task for insurance companies to predict their liabilities. A common approach to the reser-ving problem is based on generalized linear models (GLM). In this article, the application of genera-lized linear mixed models (GLMM) - an extension of the GLM - for estimation of the loss reserves is shown. Since the GLMM allows incorporating a random effect instead of several fixed effects corresponding to the accident years as in case of the GLM, volatility of the prediction is reduced. This allows more flexible risk valuation, which is a crucial element of risk management and capital allocation practices of non-life insurers. A real data example together with diagnostics for the model selection are provided as an illustration of the potential benefits of the presented approach.
14 A Robust and Flexible Control System to Reduce Environmental Effects of Thermal Power Plants

Regulations on environmental effects due to such issues as nitrogen oxide (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from thermal power plants have become stricter[1]; hence the need for compliance with these regulations has been increasing. To meet this need, several technologies with respect to fuel combustion, exhaust gas treatment and operational control have been developed[2-4]. The technologies for the fuel combustion and the exhaust gas treatment include a low NOx burner and an air quality control system, and they are capable of reducing impact on the environment as physical and chemical implementation methods. The operational control technology for the thermal power plants is constantly required to receive changes in operational conditions. It is difficult to realize operational control which responds to combustion properties. To overcome this issue, the operational control must be able to reduce NOx and CO emissions flexibly in accordance with such changes. Robustness is also required in such control because the measured NOx and CO data often include noise. Therefore, a robust and flexible plant control system is strongly desired to reduce environmental effects from thermal power plants efficiently. Several studies have proposed plant control technologies to reduce the environmental effects[4-10]. These technologies are classified into two types of methods: model based and non-model based methods. The former methods include an optimization algorithm and a numerical model to estimate plant properties using neural networks (NNs)[11,12] and multivariable model predictive control[13]. The optimization algorithm searches for optimal control signals to reduce NOx and CO emissions using the numerical model. The latter methods have no models and they generates the optimal control signals by fuzzy logic[14]. A fuzzy logic controller outputs the optimal control signals for multivariable inputs using fuzzy rule bases. The fuzzy rule bases are based on a priori knowledge of plant control, and they can be tuned by parameters. These technologies require the measured plant data for initial tuning of the model properties and the parameters of rules when the technologies are installed in plants. It usually takes some time to collect enough plant data. In addition, the search for control
Pushmi-Pullyu Representations

One of the main tenets of current teleosemantic theories is that simple representations are PushmiPullyu states, i.e. they carry descriptive and imperative content at the same time. In the paper I present an argument that shows that if we add this claim to the core tenets of teleosemantics, then (1) it entails that, necessarily, all representations are Pushmi-Pullyu states and (2) it undermines one of the main motivations for the Pushmi-Pullyu account.
Selection of the number of frequencies using bootstrap techniques in log-periodogram regression

The choice of the bandwidth in the local log-periodogram regression is of crucial importance for estimation of the memory parameter of a long memory time series. Different choices may give rise to completely different estimates, which may lead to contradictory conclusions, for example about the stationarity of the series. We propose here a data driven bandwidth selection strategy that is based on minimizing a bootstrap approximation of the mean squared error and compare its performance with other existing techniques for optimal bandwidth selection in a mean squared error sense, revealing its better performance in a wider class of models. The empirical applicability of the proposed strategy is shown with two examples: the widely analyzed in a long memory context Nile river annual minimum levels and the input gas rate series of Box and Jenkins.
Impact of recent climate change and weather variability on the viability of UK viticulture – combining weather and climate records with producers' perspectives

Background and Aims From 2004 to 2013, the vineyard area in the United Kingdom (UK) increased 148%. Observed climate change and underlying weather variability were assessed for their influence on the development and viability of UK viticulture. Methods and Results The perspectives of grapegrowers in the UK on climate change and weather variability were complemented by a quantitative analysis of climate and weather data (1954–2013) for the main UK viticultural regions. The variability of growing season average temperature (GST) was calculated and also mapped using a modelling approach. Since 1993, GST has consistently been above the 13°C cool climate viticulture threshold. Alone, GST does not reliably assure yield predictability but does correlate more closely following the recent increasing UK focus on sparkling wine cultivars. June precipitation demonstrates the strongest relationship with yield. Conclusions Increasing GST superficially suggests enhanced UK cool climate viticultural opportunities, but critically masks the additional impact of shorter term temperature and precipitation events and a high degree of inter-annual variability that continues to threaten productivity. A recent change in dominant UK vine cultivars appears to have increased viticultural sensitivity to inter-annual weather variability. Significance of the Study This first quantitative and qualitative analysis of climate vulnerability in UK viticulture identifies threats and opportunities and helps steer studies of the impact of future climate change.
Modeling of the Control Behavior of Current-Mode Constant On-Time Boost Converters

A constant on-time (COT) controller for dc converters has received much attention recently because of its unique feature of high light-load conversion efficiency. In this paper, a control model is developed for the boost converters with the current-mode COT controller. Models are developed for predicting the loop stability and the step-load transient response. Based on the model, a compensation design is proposed to achieve desired stability margin and step-load transient response. Simulations and experiments are used to verify the model.
Monte Carlo modeling of threshold variation due to dopant fluctuations

This paper presents a new, 3-D Monte Carlo approach for modeling random dopant fluctuation effects in MOSFETs. The method takes every silicon atom in the device into account and is generally applicable to arbitrary nonuniform doping profiles. In addition to body dopant fluctuations, the effect of source-drain dopant fluctuations on short-channel threshold voltage is studied for the first time. The result clearly indicates the benefit of retrograde body doping and shallow/abrupt source-drain junctions. It also quantifies the magnitude of threshold voltage variations due to discrete dopant fluctuations in an optimally designed 25 nm MOSFET.
A measurement model of talent management practices among university staff in central region of Uganda

The empirical study objective was twofold; first to survey the degree to which university staff perceive on the use of talent management instituted a meaningful practice at universities of central region in Uganda; secondly it focused on testing the suitability of the dimension in terms of reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity; and measurement equivalence for both working experience, and gender of university staff. The sample covered 808 university staff from six universities in the Central Region of Uganda in the year 2016. Data collection was done using a self-reported 24-item questionnaire so as to determine how the university staff perceive the construct of talent management practices. The Survey tool was distributed by the researcher and researcher assistants to volunteers in the six universities that participated in this study. The outcomes of the study reinforced, illuminated and gave a deeper insight into the results of previous studies on the same subject which has been infused in the university business and strategy. The study furthermore found evidence of validity and reliability for a multidimensional construct of talent management practices. Also, the measurement for working experience proved variant whereas gender was invariant. The findings of the study will be help stakeholders to contrive informed suggestions towards decision making for developing and retaining university staff to towards university effective performance, and is a source of information and knowledge to future research in the same area.
Age and growth of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) of the river Tentulia in Bangladesh

This study was carried out on age and growth of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha in river Tentulia in Bhola district using monthly samples from January to December 2009 by checking annual rings or growth checks on hard parts. Age and growth of T. ilisha got progressed by direct fit of length frequency data both to standard and to modified von Bertalanffy growth models with ELEFAN I procedure where the predicted maximum total length were (TL∞) 41.88 cm for male and 52.40 cm for female. Powell-Wetherall procedure gave an initial asymptotic total length (TL∞) for both male and female 40.42 cm, 50.61 cm respectively. The values of Z/K were 3.362 for male and 2.626 for female. The growth co-efficient (K) was obtained as 1.40 year-1 for male and 1.00 year-1 for female. The von Bertalanffy growth equations in terms of body weight (BW) for both male and female were BWt=799.26[1-exp{-1.40(t+0.002)}]3 and BWt=1717.82[1-exp{-0.99(t+0.013)}]3 respectively. The length-weight relationship for both sexes were BW=0.0101 TL 3.02 for male and BW=0.0086 TL 3.08 for female. The value of coefficient of determination (R2) was estimated for both male and female species were 0.969 and 0.968.