Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
R&D OF THIN FILM COATING ON SUPERCONDUCTORS

A measurement system for superconducting thin film coating is constructed, in order to investigate performances of superconducting thin film coatings. It is based on the third order harmonic measurement, which measure the nonlinear behaviour of an inductance of a coil put on a superconducting film around the critical magnetic field Bc1. Samples are cooled down through a copper plate tab whose bottom end is immersed in liquid Helium. The tab is fixed under a sample stage and the temperature of the stage is controlled by a heater on the stage. The temperature is monitored by Cernox sensors. We could obtain a preliminary results using the system
Two-Stream Spatiotemporal Compositional Attention Network for VideoQA

This study tackles video-question answering (VideoQA), which requires spatiotemporal video reasoning. VideoQA aims to return an appropriate answer about textual questions by referring to image frames in video. Based on the observation that multiple entities and their movements in a video can be important clues for deriving correct answers, we propose a two-stream spatiotemporal compositional attention network that achieves sophisticated multi-step spatiotemporal reasoning using both motion and detailed appearance features. In contrast to the existing video reasoning approach that uses frame-level or clip-level appearance and motion features, our method simultaneously attends the region-level appearance features of multiple entities as well as the motion features guided by the attending words in the textual question. Furthermore, it progressively reﬁnes internal representation and infers answers by multiple reasoning steps. We evaluate our method on short- and long-form VideoQA benchmarks, MSVD-QA, MSRVTT-QA, and ActivityNet-QA, and achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on these datasets.
Biophysiologically synchronous computer generated music improves performance and reduces perceived effort in trail runners

Music has previously been shown to be beneficial in improving runners performance in treadmill based experiments. This paper evaluates a generative music system, HEARTBEATS, designed to create biosignal synchronous music in real-time according to an individual athlete’s heart -rate or cadence (steps per minute). The tempo, melody, and timbral features of the generated music are modulated according to biosensor input from each runner using a wearable Bluetooth sensor. We compare the relative performance of athletes listening to heart-rate and cadence synchronous music, across a randomized trial ( N =57) on a trail course with 76ft of elevation. Participants were instructed to continue until perceived effort went beyond an 18 using the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale. We found that cadence-synchronous music improved performance and decreased perceived effort in male runners, and improved performance but not perceived effort in female runners, in comparison to heart-rate synchronous music. This work has implications for the future design and implementation of novel portable music systems and in music-assisted coaching.
The effects of microglia‐ and astrocyte‐derived factors on neurogenesis in health and disease

Hippocampal neurogenesis continues throughout life and has been suggested to play an essential role in maintaining spatial cognitive function under physiological conditions. An increasing amount of evidence has indicated that adult neurogenesis is tightly controlled by environmental conditions in the neurogenic niche, which consists of multiple types of cells including microglia and astrocytes. Microglia maintain the environment of neurogenic niche through their phagocytic capacity and interaction with neurons via fractalkine‐CX3CR1 signaling. In addition, microglia release growth factors such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α to support the development of adult born neurons. Astrocytes also manipulate neurogenesis by releasing various soluble factors including adenosine triphosphate and lactate. Whereas, under pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, and epilepsy, microglia and astrocytes play a leading role in inflammation and are involved in attenuating the normal process of neurogenesis. The modulation of glial functions on neurogenesis in these brain diseases are attracting attention as a new therapeutic target. This review describes how these glial cells play a role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in both health and disease, especially focusing glia‐derived factors.
Analysis on genetic diversity and phyletic evolution of mitochondrial DNA from Tibetan yaks

328 individuals from 8 Tibetan yak populations( i. e. Riduo,Leiwuqi,Dingqing,Cuona,Longzi,Zhongba,Nierong and Shenzha) were analyzed by means of PCR amplification and sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region( mt DNA D-loop) to explore the level of genetic diversity within populations and phyletic evolution between individuals. Dna SP4. 0 was used to compute genetic diversities within populations. MEGA5. 0,Mr Bayes3. 2 and Phy ML3. 0 were used to analyze phyletic evolution between individuals. Results showed that the length of the nucleotide sequence was from887 bp to 895 bp,and a total of 91 haplotypes were identified with 135 polymorphic sites including 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms sites and 83 parsimony-informative sites. Nucleotide mutation types included deletions,insertions,transitions and transversions. The average haploid type diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0. 884 and 0. 010 27,respectively,indicating a high level of genetic diversity in Tibetan yak populations. The genetic distance between Riduo and Cuona was the least( 0. 006),while genetic distance between Leiwuqi and Longzi was the largest( 0. 015). ML and BI phylogenetic tree showed that Tibetan yak populations could be divided into two major groupes. In brief,Tibetan yaks have abundant genetic diversity. Meanwhile,the Tibetan yak populations could be divided into two major groupes. Cuona yaks can be used as a truebred population to save and utilize. Other populations once communicated with each other in the course of evolution.
Immunity in salamander regeneration: Where are we standing and where are we headed?

Salamanders exhibit the most extensive regenerative repertoire among vertebrates, being able to accomplish scar‐free healing and faithful regeneration of significant parts of the eye, heart, brain, spinal cord, jaws and gills, as well as entire appendages throughout life. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying salamander regeneration are currently under extensive examination, with the hope of identifying the key drivers in each context, understanding interspecies differences in regenerative capacity, and harnessing this knowledge in therapeutic settings. The immune system has recently emerged as a potentially critical player in regenerative responses. Components of both innate and adaptive immunity have been found at critical stages of regeneration in a range of salamander tissues. Moreover, functional studies have identified a requirement for macrophages during heart and limb regeneration. However, our knowledge of salamander immunity remains scarce, and a thorough definition of the precise roles played by its members is lacking. Here, we examine the evidence supporting roles for immunity in various salamander regeneration models. We pinpoint observations that need revisiting through modern genetic approaches, uncover knowledge gaps, and highlight insights from various model organisms that could guide future explorations toward an understanding of the functions of immunity in regeneration.
Identification and prognostic value of metabolism-related genes in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonly occurring cancers, and metabolism-related genes (MRGs) are associated with its development. Transcriptome data and the relevant clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, and we identified 194 MRGs differentially expressed between GC and adjacent nontumor tissues. Through univariate Cox and lasso regression analyses we identified 13 potential prognostic differentially expressed MRGs (PDEMRGs). These PDEMRGs (CKMT2, ME1, GSTA2, ASAH1, GGT5, RDH12, NNMT, POLR1A, ACYP1, GLA, OPLAH, DCK, and POLD3) were used to build a Cox regression risk model to predict the prognosis of GC patients. Further univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that this model could serve as an independent prognostic parameter. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed significant enrichment pathways that could potentially contribute to pathogenesis. This model also revealed the probability of genetic alterations of PDEMRGs. We have thus identified a valuable metabolic model for predicting the prognosis of GC patients. The PDEMRGs in this model reflect the dysregulated metabolic microenvironment of GC and provide useful noninvasive biomarkers.
Rizóbios eficientes em Lotus como promotores de crescimento em arroz irrigado

In lowland areas, the rhizobia can form nodules in legumes, when adapted to conditions of water stress, fix nitrogen and colonize the rice plants in rotation. Recent studies have shown that rhizobia can colonize roots, stems and leaves of grasses, such as rice, promoting plant growth. The production of phytohormones, mainly indole acetic acid (IAA) is possibly the main mechanism of growth promotion of rice by rhizobia. The objectives were to study the resistance of the symbiosis between rhizobia and Lotus to flooding and drought; check the response of different rice cultivars to inoculation with rhizobia and to evaluate the interaction between nitrogen and the promotion of growth by indigenous rice; to study the colonization pattern of rice plants by rhizobia and legumes and to study genetically the biosynthesis of auxin by rhizobia. Several experiments were conducted in the greenhouse and laboratory, with plants of the legume species L. corniculatus (var. São Gabriel) and L.uliginosus (var. Maku) and rice plants inoculated with different rhizobia. L.uliginosus plants tolerate flooding, showing potential for their use in floodplain areas, in rotation with rice. Among the rice cultivars tested, IRGA424 proved to be more responsive to inoculation with rhizobia. Inoculation with rhizobia tested stimulated the growth of plants, and this increase was proportional to the doses of nitrogen applied. Furthermore, inoculation with rhizobia allowed more efficient use of nitrogen absorbed from the soil. The marking of rhizobia with the Gus gene, confirmed the colonization of rice. The rhizobia tested are able to produce IAA, and there is evidence that the biosynthesis occurs by the route of indole-3acetonitrile (IAN). 2 Doctoral thesis in Soil Science. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre. (p. 97) November, 2009. Work performed with financial support from Capes and CNPq.
Dynamic Spatial Ecology of the Water Snake, Nerodia sipedon

The harmonic mean method was used to calculate activity areas. Mean home range size was 5.4 ha, with a very concentrated core area of only 7.7% of the home range. Recause most animals tested exhibited shifting activity centers, and because home range size was positively correlated with the number of days a snake was tracked, it was concluded that N. sipedon at this site did not maintain a home range in the traditional sense. A dynamic methodology for quantifying areal utilization is proposed. N. sipedon was found to be very selective in its habitat utilization. Cattails (Typhus latifolia) and flooded meadow (primarily Phalaris and Carex spp.) were generally prefet ed in excess of availability, while open water was avoided. Dead cattail clumps were the most utilized substrate. Water (surface and submerged) and grass (dead and live) were also preferred to a lesser extent. Seasonal and daily trends are discussed in terms of responses to exogenous and endogenous cycles. Diversity of substrate use peaked during morning hours and showed an overall increase as the season progressed. Mean perch height was 10.9 cm above water, without strong differences among daylight hours. Perch heights were greatest during May; in habitats along open water; and on branches, dead cattails, and dead logs. The mean insolation level was 50.9%. On a daily cycle snakes received more sunlight during the midday hours, but it appeared snakes were not responding passively to decreased shade availability. Perch height and insolation level were positively correlated, thus high substrates were also associated with greater insolation. Three measures of snake activity were analyzed: incidence of movement (s = 27.7%), total rate of movement (? = 5.2 m/h), and conditional rate of movement (x = 18.7 m/h). Snakes were generally more active during April while they dispersed from the hibernaculum. From May-July the animals were equally active at all times of the day. Snakes exhibited greater rates of travel across open and exposed habitat types. Individual snakes differed significantly in all three measures of activity and also had variation in home range size spanning four orders of magnitude. Nevertheless, more active snakes did not utilize a larger area than their less active conspecifics.
The Evolution of Sexual Patterns in the Seabasses

he variety of sexual patterns exhibited by animals and plants includes almost every possible combination of sex change, hermaphroditism, self-fertilization, and parthenogenesis. However, the distribution of these patterns is far from uniform. For example, consider cosexuality, where each individual has active male and female reproductive organs. This reproductive pattern is very common in plants, fairly common in invertebrates, but rare among vertebrates. It occurs as a normal mode of reproduction only in eleven out of several hundred fish families (Smith 1975, Warner 1978). A major task of evolutionary biologists is to account for the distribution of patterns of sex allocation. Largescale comparative studies (Ghiselin 1969, 1974, Maynard Smith 1978, Policansky 1982) have not been altogether successful, largely because of two problems inherent in the method (Clutton-Brock and Harvey 1984). First, it is difficult to separate the influence of environmental factors
Comparison of myocardial deformation indices during rest and after activity in untreated hyperthyroid patients with normal population.

BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones play an essential role on the cardiovascular system. Also, thyroid diseases have a prominent adverse effect on myocardial and vascular functions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare myocardial deformation indices during resting and after activity between the untreated hyperthyroid patients and normal population. METHODS We included 26 untreated participants who were newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and 26 healthy participants matched in terms of age and sex. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), Heart Rate (HR), Cardiac Output (CO), systolic and diastolic blood pressures, Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS), Global Circumferential Strain (GCS), Rate-Pressure Product (RPP), systolic and diastolic strains rates were measured in rest and peak of exercise in stress echocardiography. RESULTS Age and sex distributions were similar among the groups. Also, mean serum TSH was 0.08 ± 0.08 ng/dL in the case group. The participants with the untreated hyperthyroidism had lower Ejection Fraction change (ΔEF), GLS, peak stress systolic and diastolic strains rates compared to the control group. Also, there was a positive association between TSH levels and basal HR, RPP, CO, as well as a negative correlation with basal and maximum GLS, ΔHR, ΔEF, and ΔCO. Also, a duration of symptoms had a linear association with rest HR, CO, and LVEDVI, as well as a negative correlation with rest and maximal GLS, ΔHR, and ΔGLS. CONCLUSION Myocardial deformation assessed by 2DE imaging are significantly impaired in the hyperthyroid patients. In this regard, further studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm the results of this study.
Supplement to “Spectral Graph Matching and Regularized Quadratic Relaxations”

We first establish the equivalence of similarity matrices defined by (3), (11) and (12), as claimed in Section 1.3. Lemma A.1. The similarity matrix X̂ defined by (3) is the minimizer of the unconstrained program (11), and αX̂ is the minimizer of the constrained program (12) for some (random) scalar multiplier α > 0. Proof. To show that X̂ solves (11), note that the objective function in (11) is quadratic, with first order optimality condition AX +XB − 2AXB + ηX = J. Setting x = vec(X) and writing this in vectorized form with Kronecker products [ (In ⊗A−B ⊗ In) + ηIn2 ] x = 1n2 , we see that the vectorized solution to (11) is
Cross-lagged model of bullying victimization and mental health problems in children with autism in middle to older childhood

Youth with autism spectrum conditions have been shown to be at an increased risk for bullying victimization. The overall aim of this study was to identify factors associated with increased risk for bullying victimization in youth with autism during middle childhood to early adolescence (aged 5–12 years) and to explore the potential time-ordered associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems 12 months later. The average age of the youth with autism was 7.90 years (SD = 2.33), 86% were male, 34.6% had an intellectual disability, and 84% were White, non-Hispanic. Youth with autism who experienced bullying victimization (vs no victimization) were older in age, had more severe autism symptoms, and higher levels of internalizing and externalizing mental health problems at study onset. Using two cross-lagged structural equation models, the associations between maternal report of youth bullying victimization and teacher report of youth mental health problems using two waves of data were tested. Internalizing and externalizing mental health problems at Time 1 did not relate to change in likelihood of being bullied 1 year later. In contrast, bullying victimization at Time 1 was associated with an increase in internalizing mental health problems (β = 0.24, p < 0.05). Lay Abstract Youth with autism spectrum disorders are disproportionately at risk for bullying victimization compared to typically developing children and adolescents. While internalizing and externalizing mental health problems have been linked to victimization experiences, few studies have examined the longitudinal effects bullying victimization experiences may have on youth mental health outcomes. The present study investigated longitudinal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems in a sample of children with autism in middle childhood to early adolescence (aged 5 to 12 years). Findings from our study suggest that youth with autism who experienced bullying victimization (versus no victimization) were older in age, had more severe autism symptoms, and higher levels of internalizing and externalizing mental health problems at study onset. Though externalizing mental health problems at study onset (Time 1) did not relate to change in the likelihood of being bullied one year later (Time 2), experiences of bullying victimization did relate to an increase in parent reports of internalizing mental health problems. This study expanded on previous cross-sectional studies by including two waves of data in a relatively large sample of youth with autism and highlights important information that may be helpful in adapting approaches to intervention at the individual level. Moreover, our findings support the need for bullying programs that may need to focus particular attention to subgroups of youth with autism who may be most at-risk for bullying victimization such as those with more autism symptoms and those with past experiences of victimization (given the chronic nature of bullying).
Diversity analysis of Cuban avocado varieties based on agro-morphological traits and DNA polymorphisms [Persea americana Mill.]

An analysis of the diversity among avocado varieties cultivated in Cuba was undertaken based on agro-morphological traits and DNA markers. In order to determine phenotypic diversity of the collection as well as the phenotypic traits contributing to avocado race classification, 22 agro-morphological traits were used in a Principal Component and Classification Analysis. To compare the efficiency of the molecular marker system in varietal identification, diversity and differentiation, different indexes were computed. Agro-morphological traits and scored bands from a total of 12 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations and 16 simple sequence repeats (SSR) or microsatellites were used to determine genetic distance estimates. Cluster analyses were performed based on genetic distance matrices using the unweighted pair group mean arithmetic analysis (UPGMA). Both AFLP and microsatellite markers were efficient in detecting polymorphisms between avocado cultivars and for the unequivocal identification of avocado variety, but a high degree of heterozygosity could detected using microsatellite markers. Cultivars cluster within racial groups confirming the ecological and/or botanical classification. Thus, horticultural races from the West Indies and Guatemalan as well as their hybrids were positioned in different groups as expected. Phenotypic variation properly reflects the genetic distance among avocado varieties, but AFLP and microsatellite markers were useful for providing a more precise estimate of genetic distance among avocado breeding material. Correlations between phenotypic and AFLP and microsatellite data suggested the convenience of using genetic distances estimates based on these marker systems as an indicative of phenotypic diversity in avocado varieties. The utility of AFLP and microsatellite markers for genotype identification, the assessment of genetic diversity in cultivated avocado varieties, and their application to breeding, is discussed.
Reliability assessment on intravascular photoacoustic imaging of lipid: ex vivo animal and human sample validation

Although the lipid‐detecting IVPA imaging system has been developed in resolution, speed, and catheter size, there is no parameterization study of the reliability on the IVPA imaging for lipid diagnosis. Here, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated to assess the reliability of the IVPA imaging of lipid. Abdominal aortas from six rabbits with atherosclerosis, were subjected to the IVPA imaging and Oil Red O staining, and 75 groups of IVPA as well as corresponding histological images were obtained. Similarly, 125 groups of IVPA and histological results were obtained from five human carotid plaque samples. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, calculated from the statistical data, were 96.8%, 83.3%, 94.6% and 97.3%, 72.7%, 95.2%, respectively. The numerical values of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy demonstrated the reliability of IVPA imaging on distinguishing the lesions vessel with lipid‐rich plaque, which provided the foundation for IVPA translation to clinical application.