Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
lncRsp1, a long noncoding RNA, influences Fgsp1 expression and sexual reproduction in Fusarium graminearum

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression in many biological processes, but their biological functions remain largely unknown, especially in fungi. Fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen that causes the destructive disease Fusarium head blight (FHB) or head scab disease on wheat and barley. In our previous RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) study, we discovered that lncRsp1 is an lncRNA that is located +99 bp upstream of a putative sugar transporter gene, Fgsp1, with the same transcription direction. Functional studies revealed that ΔlncRsp1 and ΔFgsp1 were normal in growth and conidiation but had defects in ascospore discharge and virulence on wheat coleoptiles. Moreover, lncRsp1 and Fgsp1 were shown to negatively regulate the expression of several deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis genes, TRI4, TRI5, TRI6, and TRI13, as well as DON production. Further analysis showed that the overexpression of lncRsp1 enhanced the ability of ascospore release and increased the mRNA expression level of the Fgsp1 gene, while lncRsp1‐silenced strains reduced ascospore discharge and inhibited Fgsp1 expression during the sexual reproduction stage. In addition, the lncRsp1 complementary strains lncRsp1‐LC‐1 and lncRsp1‐LC‐2 restored ascospore discharge to the level of the wild‐type strain PH‐1. Taken together, our results reveal the distinct and specific functions of lncRsp1 and Fgsp1 in F. graminearum and principally demonstrate that lncRsp1 can affect the release of ascospores by regulating the expression of Fgsp1.
Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Vegetation in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2019

Vegetation is a crucial and intuitive index that can be used to evaluate the ecological status. Since the 20th century, land use has changed significantly in Yellow River Basin (YRB), along with great changes of vegetation, serious soil erosion, and gradual ecological deterioration. To improve the ecological environment in the YRB, China has carried out a series of ecological protection projects since the 1970s. Therefore, long-term sequence monitoring of vegetation in YRB is necessary to show the conservation effect and better support the further protection and restoration. This study analysed vegetation changes from 2000 to 2019 based on an annual mean fractional vegetation cover (FVC) dataset. The Theil–Sen median trend analysis method was used to analyse trends in FVC. The results showed that the vegetation in the YRB has improved significantly, with an average annual growth rate of 0.65%, and the ‘green line’ of vegetation has moved approximately 300 km westward. The influence of climate on vegetation is essential; therefore, this study also analysed the influence of temperature and precipitation on vegetation over time and space. Ecological control and afforestation are important anthropogenic factors that affect vegetation. The growth trend (0.6%/a) in key ecological function regions (KEFRs) was the fastest, and even though the protection measures are not strict, they provide space for afforestation. The China Ecological Conservation Red Line (CECRL) and the national nature reserves (NNRs) showed relatively flat trends. Ecological afforestation projects were closely correlated with the growth trend of the FVC. The correlation between FVC and the intensity of ecological engineering was significant in typical areas.
Measuring the Workload of Sustained Attention: Further Evaluation of the Multiple Reources Questionnaire

This study confirms and extends a recent finding by Finomore et al. (2006) that the Multiple Resources Questionnaire (MRQ; Boles & Adair, 2001) can be of effective value in assessing perceived mental workload in vigilance tasks. As in the earlier study, the MRQ was evaluated by comparing it against a standard measure of workload in vigilance research, the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX; Hart & Staveland, 1988), in its sensitivity to experimental factors known to influence task demand. The factors in this case were the sensory modality of signals and event rate. Both workload scales showed that the level of workload was substantial, and that workload was greater for the fast than slow event rate. The NASA-TLX indicated that workload was greater when monitoring visual than auditory stimuli. With the MRQ, the sensory modality of signals emerged as a moderator variable for event rate; the effects of event rate were restricted to visual signals. The MRQ also identified resource dimensions that were utilized in the vigilance tasks that are not included in the NASA-TLX. Thus, the MRQ exhibited the properties of sensitivity and diagnosticity characteristic of a valid workload scale (O'Donnell & Eggemeier, 1986).
Hippocampal-medial prefrontal cortex network dynamics predict performance during retrieval in a context-guided object memory task

Remembering life episodes is a complex process that requires the interaction between multiple brain areas. It is thought that contextual information provided by the hippocampus (HPC) can trigger the recall of a past event through the activation of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neuronal ensembles, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Indeed, little is known about how the vHPC and mPFC are coordinated during a contextual-guided recall of an object recognition memory. To address this, we performed electrophysiological recordings in behaving rats during the retrieval phase of the object-in-context memory task (OIC). Coherence, phase locking and theta amplitude correlation analysis showed an increase in vHPC-mPFC LFP synchronization in the theta range when animals explore contextually mismatched objects. Moreover, we identified ensembles of putative pyramidal cells in the mPFC that encode specific object-context associations. Interestingly, the increase of vHPC-mPFC synchronization during exploration of the contextually mismatched object and the preference of mPFC incongruent object neurons predicts the animals’ performance during the resolution of the OIC task. Altogether, these results identify changes in vHPC-mPFC synchronization and mPFC ensembles encoding specific object-context associations likely involved in the recall of past events.
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Conyza canadensis and Their Antifungal Activity against Bipolaris maydis

Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized from Conyzacanadensis leaf extract with the help of a microwave oven. The UV-vis spectrum showed the maximum absorption at 441 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope images showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical or near-spherical with an average diameter of 43.9 nm. X-ray diffraction demonstrated nanoparticles with a single-phase cubic structure. As-synthesized silver nanoparticles displayed prominent antifungal activity against Bipolaris maydis. The colony inhibition rate reached 88.6% when the concentration of nanosilver colloid was 100 μL·mL−1 (v/v). At such a concentration, no colony formation was observed on the solid plate. The diameter of the inhibition zone was 13.20 ± 1.12 mm. These results lay the foundation for the comprehensive control of plant pathogens using an environmentally friendly approach.
Designing legacy and the legacy of design: London 2012 and the Regeneration Games

The design of an urban area chosen to host a mega-event such as the Summer Olympics begs fundamental questions of scale, process and context. Not least since this is an international event whose physical impact is highly localised, where the tension between ‘permanent’ architecture, landscape and the temporal is being played out over an extended period of time. This paper covers the period from 2003 when the UK bid for the 2012 Games, followed by its award in 2005, from when the construction, compulsory land purchase and clean-up exercise began in earnest. Writing in the initial post-event legacy stage of this major placemaking project means that assessing any notions of sustainability and regeneration – and the role of design therein – is necessarliy provisional. Current visions and plans produced by the agencies responsible for transforming this event site into an established community project forward until 2030 so, in regeneration terms, a twenty-five year process is under way.
Automatic Sleep Stage Classification of Children with Sleep-Disordered Breathing Using the Modularized Network

Purpose To develop an automatic sleep stage analysis model for children and evaluate the effect of the model on the diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Patients and Methods Three hundred and forty-four SDB patients aged between 2 to 18 years who completed polysomnography (PSG) to assess the severity of the disease were enrolled in this study. We developed deep neural networks to stage sleep from electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG). The model performance was estimated by accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient (ĸ). And we compared the difference in calculation of sleep parameters among the technicians, the model ensemble, and the single-channel EEG model. Results The numbers of raw data divided into training, validation, and testing were 240, 36, and 68, respectively. The best performance appeared in the model ensemble of which the accuracy was 83.36% (ĸ=0.7817) in 5-stages, and the accuracy was 96.76% (ĸ=0.8236) in 2-stages. The single-channel EEG model showed the classification satisfyingly as well. There was no significant difference in TST, SE, SOL, time in W, time in N1+N2, time in N3, and OAHI between technician and the model (P>0.05). On the datasets from sleep-EDF-13 and sleep-EDF-18, the average classification accuracies achieved were 92.76% and 91.94% in 5-stages by using the proposed method, respectively. Conclusion This research established the model for pediatric automatic sleep stage classification with satisfying reliability and generalizability. In addition, it could be applied for calculating quantitative sleep parameters and evaluating the severity of SDB.
Experiments for Reliability Achievement

ABSTRACT Design of experiments is used extensively to achieve quality, but applications to reliability are less common. This is due to a number of reasons but mainly to the fact that the normal distribution, which underlies most experimental designs, is not a reasonable distribution for lifetimes. In this review article, we describe the problem of using designed experiments to model the distribution of lifetimes and, in particular, how the lifetimes depend on a set of predictor variables. We discuss a number of examples and present results using the most common statistical software packages.
Temperature and strain sensor based on weak LPG and fiber ring down

A fiber ring down with a weak long period grating (WLPG) for temperature and strain sensing is proposed and demonstrated. The sensing devices consist of two matched fiber Bragg gratings, a section of single mode fiber, a WLPG, a pulsed laser source, and a photodiode. The LPG incorporated in fiber ring cavity is used as sensing element, the induced resonance wavelength shift of which will cause an additional loss in the cavity. As a result, the amplitude of applied temperature variation or strain can be obtained by simply measuring the fiber ring down time. The proposed sensing system has advantages of easy configuration and rapid response. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 111–114, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23006
Lumped-element Marchand-balun type coplanar waveguide-to-coplanar stripline transitions

Novel reduced-size lumped-element coplanar waveguide (CPW)-to-coplanar stripline (CPS) transitions are proposed, using planar parallel and series inductor-capacitor (LC) circuits to realize the effective open circuit and short circuit, respectively. In this study, various compact lumped-element Marchand-balun type CPW-to-CPS transition structures are developed and carefully examined. The design of proposed transitions can easily be accomplished by the use of conventional filter synthesis techniques. Simple equivalent-circuit models are also established, from which the passband behavior of the lumped-element transition structures may be characterized.
Impact of Hot Carrier Stress on RF Power Characteristics of MOSFETs

This paper investigates hot-carrier (HC) effects on the RF power and linearity characteristics of MOS transistors using load-pull measurement. We found that the RF power characteristics are affected by the HC stress, and the linearity of MOS transistors is clearly degraded after HC stress at constant gate voltage measurement. However, at high gate voltage bias, the HC-induced power degradation is much reduced compared with that under low gate voltage regimes. In addition, HC effects on linearity can be softened by biasing the transistor at constant drain currents. These experimental observations can be explained by the change of threshold voltage, transconductance, subthreshold swing, and mobility degradation coefficient under HC stress.
Numerical Evaluation and Optimization of the Combined Solar Thermal and Electric Desiccant Cooling System

Novel solar thermal desiccant cooling system has been developed. Experimental operation and evaluation of the system was conducted. System optimization and parametric investigation are so important for the improvement of system performance. However, inasmuch as evaluation through experimentation is time consuming and very expensive, numerical model is made and developed for the system. The developed model is implemented in TRNSYS program. The model is validated using the experimental data of the system. Based on the result of the numerical evaluation is conducted the area of the installed solar collector area must be reduced to 8m2 . The needed electric heater heating operation is 2 hours. Reduction of the solar collector inclination angle to 30° improved the solar energy collection. Improvement of the desiccant wheel dehumidification rate increased the system total performance. Increasing the heat exchanger (HEX 2) efficiency lowered the supply air temperature with improvement of system performance. Reduction of the system electric energy consumption increased the system electric COP (ECOP). These results of the study are of great importance for the improvement of the design of the developed system, operational procedure, and performance. The relationship and effects of the variables in the study are applicable for other researches seeking the effects of the operational parameters for the solar thermal desiccant cooling system design and processes.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
CMOS (2.28 mW, 67.28–80.78 GHz) divide‐by‐4 direct injection‐locked frequency divider using tunable LC source‐degeneration

A 67.28–80.78 GHz CMOS divide‐by‐4 direct injection‐locked frequency divider (DILFD4) using tunable LC source‐degeneration (TLCSD) for operation frequency and locking range (LR) enhancement is demonstrated.The TLCSD is made by adding two tunable LC tanks, where varactors are used as the required capacitors, to the source terminals of the cross‐coupled transistor pair of the DILFD4. Compared with the traditional cross‐coupled transistor pair, the proposed one significantly decreases the equivalent parallel capacitance (CEQ). This in turn results in the increase of both the operation frequency and the LR of the DILFD4. The DILFD4 dissipated 2.28 mW from a 1.2 V power supply and achieved a total LR of 18.24% (i.e., 13.5 GHz, from 67.28 to 80.78 GHz). Furthermore, the DILFD4 achieved excellent output phase‐noise of −137.14 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset when the input signal was locked at 68.116 GHz. The chip area was 1.025 × 0.765 mm2 excluding the test pads. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2776–2781, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26385
Wellbore Stability Predictions Using a Modified Lade Criterion

The paper presents a 3D rock-failure criterion that is a modification of a criterion originally developed by Lade. The criterion proposed has the following desirable qualities : (1) it correctly describes the influence of σ 2 on rock strength and therefore on wellbore stability ; (2) it can be rearranged to give a closed-form solution for critical mud weight for any wellbore orientation ; and (3) only two rock-strength parameters, such as cohesion and friction angle are required.
Domain Adaptation for Structural Fault Detection under Model Uncertainty

In the last decade, the interest in machine learning (ML) has grown significantly within the structural health monitoring (SHM) community. Traditional supervised ML approaches for detecting faults assume that the training and test data come from similar distributions. However, real-world applications, where an ML model is trained, for example, on numerical simulation data and tested on experimental data, are deemed to fail in detecting the damage. The deterioration in the prediction performance is mainly related to the fact that the numerical and experimental data are collected under different conditions and they do not share the same underlying features. This paper proposes a domain adaptation approach for ML-based damage detection and localization problems where the classifier has access to the labeled training (source) and unlabeled test (target) data, but the source and target domains are statistically different. The proposed domain adaptation method seeks to form a feature space that is capable of representing both source and target domains by implementing a domain-adversarial neural network. This neural network uses H-divergence criteria to minimize the discrepancy between the source and target domain in a latent feature space. To evaluate the performance, we present two case studies where we design a neural network model for classifying the health condition of a variety of systems. The effectiveness of the domain adaptation is shown by computing the classification accuracy of the unlabeled target data with and without domain adaptation. Furthermore, the performance gain of the domain adaptation over a well-known transfer knowledge approach called Transfer Component Analysis is also demonstrated. Overall, the results demonstrate that the domain adaption is a valid approach for damage detection applications where access to labeled experimental data is limited.
Growth mindset in the maths classroom: a key to teachers’ well-being and effectiveness

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the effects of a programdesigned to promote a growth mindset in maths teachers (i.e., the belief that maths ability can improve through experience and learning) to enhance teaching and learning outcomes in their maths classes. The sample was composed of 155 Israeli high-school maths teachers who were randomly assigned to a one-year intervention or control condition. Growth mindset, professional well-being and emotional teaching efficacy improved significantly in the intervention group over time but did not change in the control group. Teachers’ professional well-being, was associated with an increase in student grades and a decrease in class dropout rates. These findings reinforce the need to promote a growth mindset in teachers to maximise their students’ potential for maths success.
Checking method of feeder-transformers relationship based on characteristic representation of voltage time series

Aiming at the time-consuming and labor-consuming problem of manually checking the 10kV feeders and transformers relationship in distribution network, this paper proposes a checking method of feeder-transformers relationship based on the characteristic representation of the voltage time series. Firstly, the voltage data is cleaned and preprocessed to obtain the compliant voltage data set and calculation three-phase voltage of ABC into a single-phase voltage. Then, for each transformer, the voltage time data are divided into several sub series of the same length. Each time point of the voltage time subseries is extended to feature vectors containing global and local characteristics. Then calculate the characteristic covariance matrix of the voltage sub series eigenvector matrix, and measure the distance of the characteristic covariance matrix between the two distribution variables, and form the distance matrix of the distribution variables. A class with few clusters is obtained by hierarchical clustering method, and it is judged as wrong distribution of line variable relationship. Experiment shows that the method can be used to verify the correctness of feeder-transformer relationship and has the value of wide application.
A Study of Topology Optimization Design for the Wafer Handling Robot Arm

To attain the optimal shape of the robot arm with the minimum compliance and the suitable weight and lower the possibility of vibration, this paper applies the homogenization method to describe the topology optimization design of the wafer handling robot arm which modal analysis is carried out subsequently. We deduce and establish the mathematical model of the topology optimization based on the homogenization method and calculate it by ANSYS. The results suggested that the compliance and the weight were reduced. Then we calculated the modal analysis of the optimized and non-optimized robot arms, and it was found that the first sixth natural frequencies of the optimized robot arm all increased whereas the probability of the natural vibration declined. It is concluded that the topology optimization design of the wafer handling robot has been shown to be effective in improving the stability of the robot arm.
Pyrodiversity promotes pollinator diversity in a fire‐adapted landscape

for pollinators, a group of high conservation concern. We tested the relationship between pollinator diversity and pyrodiversity based on a decade of burn history in Florida, as well as testing other parameters, including burn frequency, the percentage of area burned during the year of sampling, canopy openness, and various plant metrics. Both bees and butterflies responded positively to pyrodiversity and to the percentage of area burned during the year of sampling. In addition, our results indicate that pollinators, especially butterflies, may be sensitive to high burn frequency. Our findings reveal the important role fire history plays in shaping pollinator communities and demonstrate that increasing burn heterogeneity can benefit this fauna in fire-managed landscapes.
A Contactless Palm Vein Recognition System Based on Principle Line SIFT

Compared with the traditional method of contact collection, contactless acquisition is the mainstream and trend of palm vein recognition. However, this method may lead to image deformation caused by no parallel of the palm plane and the sensor plane. In order to improve the limited effect of Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) about this problem, a better method of palm vein recognition which based on principle line SIFT is proposed. Based on the self-built database, this method is compared with the SIFT and other typical palm vein recognition methods, the experimental results show that our system can achieve the best performance.