Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Pre-Concentration System Design for Electronic Nose via Finite Element Method

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which is measured by electronic nose (e-nose), have utilities as biomarkers for classification and detection. However, the concentration of biomarker in VOCs is usually lower than the detection limit of gas sensors of e-nose, which results in systematic failure. The VOCs enrichment technology can be used to break through the limitations via enriching the low concentration of VOCs with adsorption tubes. In this brief, a pre-concentration system is designed based on the finite element method. Through the finite element analysis, the pre-concentration system can efficiently determine parameters to control the temperature field. In addition, with the expanded adsorption range of VOCs C3-C30, the lower bound of adsorption is analytically proved by C3H8O (including n-propanol and isopropanol). Moreover, the conformal technique is exploited to improve the enrichment efficiency. Also, the upper bound of adsorbable VOCs can be further improved via the double adsorption tubes structure design. Finally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and e-nose are used to detect the concentration of the different sample gas before and after the pre-concentration device, and the results show the effectiveness of the design.
Clinical Outcome of Posterior Wall Acetabular Fractures Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation

Background: Posterior wall acetabular fractures are the most common type of fracture acetabulum. Surgical treatment is the standard solution for displaced posterior acetabular wallfractures. Study Design: This retrospective study evaluatesclinical and radiologic outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation in patients with posterior wall acetabular fractures. P This study includes49 cases (37 males (75.5%) and 12 females (24.5%)), average age was 32.1 Years.All patients were admitted in both hospitals andunderwent surgical treatment of posterior wall acetabular fractures. All patients treated at Al-Zahraa University Hospital and Heliopolis hospitalbetweenMarch2011andJanuary2019. All patients had history of fall from height or car accident. Result: Clinicaloutcomes were assessed by Modified Merl d’Aubejan Score (MMS) after surgery at the time of the study and evaluation of general condition and return to previous activities. The final clinical outcome was excellent in 32 cases (65.3%), good in 13 cases (26.5%), fair in 2 cases (4.1%) and poor in 2 cases (4.1%). Finally, both excellent and good outcome were considered satisfactory 45 cases (91.8%) and both fair and poor outcome were considered as unsatisfactory 4 cases(8.2%). Cases with satisfactory outcome had less associated injury and younger in age. Five cases (10.2 %) had superficial infection that treated by antibiotics and dressing,one case (2.05%) had sciatic nerve injury and two cases (4.1%)had AVN femoral head were reporte 654kd. Conclusion: posterior wall acetabular fractures had favorable outcome with open reduction and internal fixation. Optimum time for surgery is earlier as possible, however early mobilization is preferred it may depends on the associated injury and treatment of that injuries. At least static exercise should be tried to improve the clinical outcome and minimize the complication of morbidity.
Sexual Dimorphism and Relationship between Chest , Hip and Waist Circumference with 2 D , 4 D and 2 D : 4 D in Nigerians

Rescently the subject of 2D:4D ratio has received great attention because reports have linked to traits that are influenced by testosterone and estrogen. The present paper reports the study of 2D, 4D and 2D:4D and their relationship to some anthropometric traits in Nigerians. 1400 subjects (males = 713 and females n = 687) participated in the study. Lengths of 2D and 4D were significantly higher in males (P <0.001) while 2D:4D mean was lower in males than females (males = 0.95 ± 0.04 females = 0.96 ± 0.05, t = -1.73 and P < 0.001). 2D and 4D showed significant relationship with height, weight, chest, waist and hip circumferences. This study strongly confirms the sexually dimorphic nature of 2D:4D. Even though it fails to show relationship between 2D:4D and BMI, chest, waist and hip circumferences as reported in other studies. This could result from the multiethnic diversity of the Nigerian population.
A CMOS Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit With Cycle-to-Cycle Frequency-to-Amplitude Conversion MPPT for Centimeter-Scale Wind Turbine

An energy harvesting (EH) system is proposed to extract energy from a centimeter-scale electromagnetic (EM) micro wind turbine. To improve the end-to-end efficiency, an autonomous and self-biased active rectifier is employed. A hysteresis-controlled boost converter is designed with self-zero-current-switching calibrations, which achieves a peak DC-DC efficiency of 93.3% with a maximum efficiency improvement of 12.7%. In addition, a novel frequency-to-amplitude conversion (FAC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is proposed for a cycle-to-cycle MPPT. In measurements, the proposed FAC MPPT requires no more than three cycles to locate the maximum power point (MPP) in abrupt frequency changes, with an 80% tracking accuracy in the first turbine cycle. In wind-field testing, the EH system starts to track the MPP one cycle after start-up at 2.0 V. In the steady-state, the EH system maintains its cycle-to-cycle MPP under different wind conditions. In wind-field testing for wind speeds from 1.0 to 5.0 m/s, the peak MPPT accuracy is 99.27%, with an MPPT efficiency of 99.85%. The extracted power is from 0.1 to 8 mW with a peak end-to-end efficiency of 88.2%. Compared to a full-bridge rectifier, a 630% energy extraction gain is measured at a low wind speed of 1.2 m/s. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first IC prototype for a cm-scale EM wind turbine EH to achieve a cycle-to-cycle MPPT with the highest reported MPPT efficiency.
Willingness to Pay for Kubah National Park: Evidence from the Contingent Valuation Method

The purpose of this study is to estimate Kuching residents’ (non-visitors) willingness to pay (WTP) for the conservation of Kubah National Park, Sarawak. In order to answer the research objectives in this study, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was put into application as the elicitation method and there were 160 respondents who involved in this data collection, where the random sampling method was executed. A dichotomous choice CVM (DC-CVM) was adopted and logit models were used to analyze the CVM analysis. The empirical results indicated that as the price increases, the probability in saying ‘Yes’ decreases. The minimum estimated mean for the WTP is an increment of 4.38% (RM0.44) while the maximum estimated mean is an increment of 200.24% (RM20.24). In addition, work status, education level attainment and income show positive and significant results.
Effect of height and colour of bee bricks on nesting occupancy of bees and wasps in SW England

Bee bricks are a novel solitary-bee nesting habitat made from reclaimed concrete, designed to be built into walls to provide nest sites in urban areas. We tested if cavity-nesting bees and wasps used bee bricks, and if they showed any preference for nesting in bricks of different colours or at different heights. We carried out surveys of solitary bees in 15 private urban gardens and eight rural public gardens, where the bee bricks were then placed for two years (2016-2017). Bee bricks were placed on structures that were either 1 m in height with 4 bricks (red, yellow, white and wooden control) or with three platforms where white bricks were placed at 0 m, 0.6 m or 1.0 m above the ground. The number of occupied nest holes was counted at the end of each summer. Nesting holes that were capped with mud were more common than those capped with chewed or cut leaves. The average % of holes capped with either mud or chewed leaf was greatest in red bricks and lowest in wooden controls. Only one brick out of 39 placed at ground level had capped holes, although the difference in the % of holes capped between heights was not statistically significant. Cavity-nesting bees and wasps use solitary-bee bricks for nests, but population level impacts are still untested.
Ultrasonic Characterisation of Heat TreatedTungsten Alloys used for TIG welding

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, also called as gas tungsten welding (GTAW), use tungsten electrode for arcing. The tungsten alloy electrode is subjected to various temperature ranges during the welding process based on the welding time, welding current, welding pulse etc. Ultrasonic velocity for tungsten alloy test coupons held at 1500 deg C for 20, 40 and 60 minutes and at 1000 deg C, 1200deg C and 1500 deg C for 40 minutes period , were found to be strongly influenced by the elastic constants. Elastic constants shows better correlation with longitudinal velocity than shear velocity.
Sodium Caseinate- stabilized Emulsion: A Carrier Matrix to Improve the Delivery of Epigallocatechin-gallate

SODIUM CASEINATESTABILIZED EMULSION: A CARRIER MATRIX TO IMPROVE THE DELIVERY OF EPIGALLOCATECHIN-GALLATE Somayeh Sabouri Advisor: University of Guelph, 2016 Professor M. Corredig Co-advisor: Professor A. J. Wright Oral bioavailability of tea polyphenols may improve using food matrices as their carrier. Tea polyphenols have a high affinity to bind to proline rich proteins such as caseins. This thesis focuses on the interactions between epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) and sodium caseinate at an oil-water interface, the stability and colloidal behavior of the designed emulsion at neutral and low pH, as well as the emulsion digestibility, and efficiency as EGCG carrier. After addition of EGCG to a model emulsion the stability, size, and charge of the emulsion particles were not affected, and the sodium caseinate oil-water interface showed a high loading capacity for EGCG up to 1 mg/m. Moreover an increased interfacial tension in the presence of EGGC was demonstrated which confirmed the EGCG-sodium caseinate interactions at the interface. Under acidification, the presence of EGCG at the interface lowered the pH at which emulsion destabilized, and resulted in less droplet coalescence at pH 4.5. While under acidification, sodium caseinate emulsion was stabilized by the addition of 0.3 and 0.45% high methoxyl pectin (HMP), presence of EGCG reduced the electroadsorption of HMP to the interface, affecting emulsion’s colloidal behavior and microstructure. Designed emulsions were subjected to a static in vitro digestion, simulating the three stages of human upper gastrointestinal. Results indicated that sodium caseinate was fully hydrolyzed in the the presence of EGCG, while less fatty acids were released. Futhuremore higher amount of intact EGGC in the digested emulsions containing EGCG was detected compared to equivalent EGGC solutions which suggested a preserved bioactivity for the carried EGCG in the emulsion system. This was also confirmed by digested emulsions containing EGCG showing higher anti proliferative activity than digested EGCG solutions. Intestinal absorption of EGCG after digestion was also studied using an in vitro transport experiment. Although it was quite challenging to measure the EGCG recovery after an in vitro absorption analysis, the transported fractions showed anti-proliferative activity which was an indicative of presence of EGCG or its bioactive metabolites. The findings from this thesis propose the application of an emulsion/dairy-based designed structure as a novel vehicle for improving the bioaccessibility of EGCG.
On Application of Max-Plus Algebra to Synchronized Discrete Event System

Max-plus algebra is a discrete algebraic system developed on the operations max ( ) and plus ( ), where the max and plus operations are defined as addition and multiplication in conventional algebra. This algebraic structure is a semi-ring with its elements being real numbers along with e=-∞ and e=0. On the other hand, the synchronized discrete event problem is a problem in which an event is scheduled to meet a deadline. There are two aspects of this problem. They include the events running simultaneously and the completion of the lengthiest event at the deadline. A recent survey on max-plus linear algebra shows that the operations max ( ) and plus ( ) play a significant role in modeling of human activities. However, numerous studies have shown that there are very limited literatures on the application of the max-plus algebra to real-life problems. This idea motivates the basic algebraic results and techniques of this research. This paper proposed the discrepancy method of max-plus for solving n×n system of linear equations with n≤n, and further show that an nxn linear system of equations will have either a unique solution, an infinitely many solutions or no solution whiles nxn linear system of equations has either an infinitely many solutions or no solution in ( ). Also, the proposed concept was extended to the job-shop problem in a synchronized event. The results obtained have shown that the method is very efficient for solving n×n system of linear equations and is also applicable to job-shop problems.
Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Counter electrode is one of the important parts of dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSC). Improving the performance of a counter electrode is an effective approach to enhance the energy conversion efficiency and reduce the cost of DSSC.In this paper,recent progresses in the study of various counter electrodes for use in DSSC are reviewed.We present researches about different counter electrodes including metals such as platinum,gold and nickel,various nanostructured carbon materials, and conductive polymers.Platinum counter electrodes give the best performance but their high cost restricts the industrialization of DSSC.More attention is being paid to novel materials such as different nanostructured carbon materials,conductive polymers and their composite counter electrodes because of their low cost and high activity.
A feed-forward control strategy of virtual synchronous generator under non-ideal grid

Virtual synchronous generator technology (VSG), which simulates the electro-mechanical transient characteristics of synchronous generators, enables the power supply or load that adopt a converter with a number of its external characteristics, including inertia, damping, frequency and voltage regulation. However, when the grid voltage is not ideal, the traditional VSG control will lead to unbalanced three-phase grid-connected current, so a control method of specific sub-voltage component feed-forward is proposed. First of all, the problems of VSG in non-ideal grid voltage are analysed. Based on this, the harmonic components are extracted by sinusoidal amplitude integral method, and the control strategy of specific voltage component feed-forward is proposed, which can suppress the grid voltage’s negative sequence components and harmonic components. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is correct and effective.
Active Multifunctional Microelectromechanical System Metadevices: Applications in Polarization Control, Wavefront Deflection, and Holograms

Metasurfaces have provided a novel route to control the local phase of electromagnetic radiation through subwavelength scatterers where the properties of each element remain passive. A passive metasurface design can only achieve a specific functionality as it is extremely challenging to reconfigure each element that contributes toward the control of the radiation. In this work, the authors propose a different scheme based on microelectromechanical system (MEMS) to reconfigure the resonance and radiation phase via control of each dipolar element. The suspension angle of the individual bimorph cantilever in air can be precisely controlled through electrostatic actuation that determines the operative phase diagram of the metadevice. The dynamic polarization conversion is demonstrated through global control. In addition, it is proposed that a multifunctional operation such as dynamic wavefront deflection and rewritable holographic display can be accomplished by using 1D and 2D control of the cantilever array when each cantilever in the MEMS metadevice array is uniformly and accurately controlled in the large‐area samples. Such a rewritable proposition can enable myriad of applications of MEMS‐based metadevices in polarization‐division multiplexing and dynamic flat lenses.
Improved Winding and Compensation Methods for the Multilayer Coil in IPT System

Wireless power transmission technology is used to transmit energy without contact in the field of electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and other industries. Among them, there are some applications with very low coupling coefficient where multilayer coil needs to be wound. Influenced by the parasitic capacitor between layers, the loss of the multilayer coil increases. The improved coil winding method and compensation method are proposed in this letter. Winding coils following the same sequence from outside to inside in each layer and connecting capacitors in series between layers of the coil can significantly reduce the voltage of the layers’ parasitic capacitor, which will decrease the coil loss. Compared with traditional method, the improved method increases the system efficiency at heavy load and light load by 0.74% and 2.48%, respectively. A 1-kW prototype was built with the maximum efficiency of 93.58%.
Justification of modernization of groundwater treatment station

The main contaminants of groundwater are iron and manganese compounds, increased hardness, which are removed at groundwater conditioning stations. The article reviews the existing station that was built according to a conventional design and uses the method of simplified aeration with the following filtration through high-silica sand. Assessment of the technical condition of the station showed that the elements of the building are limited to work The filters are in poor condition, some of the filters are out of service, there are concrete corrosion, destruction of finishing layers in filters’ building, internal and external corrosion of metallic pipelines and valves, which depend on he quality of transported water. Wear of the technological pipelines is over 80%. Analysis of the efficiency of the station showed that it operates at 50% capacity and at the same time does not provide standards for the hardness of drinking water. Water consumption for the station’s own needs is 1.5 times higher than it was designed. There are no processing and reusing facilities for flushing water. Results of the technical and technological inspection of the station showed that there is a need for immediate modernization of the station including the improvement of the groundwater purification technology and bringing he quality to the standards for drinking water.
Labour Protection as a Component of Effective Management of a Modern Enterprise

Occupational safety issues, especially in a large enterprise, constitute key components of the social and labour sphere, which largely affect the operation of the entire enterprise. In modern economic environment, where every company aims to produce competitive, high-quality products and make a profit, maintaining the health and efficiency of each employee is a top priority. Any socially oriented enterprise is interested, first and foremost, in reducing the level of accidents, injuries, industrial and occupational diseases of employees. The purpose of the study was to identify and assess the role of labour protection and industrial safety in the development of an effective management system and enterprise activities. In the process of research the method of comparison, analogy, formalization, structural analysis, dialectical method of cognition was used. As a result of the study, the authors determined that the modern organisation of occupational safety should be aimed at effective management of industrial safety of all technological processes and international standards, including OHSAS 18001, ISO 4501, ISO 9001, which is the basis of effective management in general and helps identify and prevent the occurrence of adverse factors and, as a consequence, minimises the occurrence of injuries and occupational diseases, loss of life, health and ability to work in general, allows identifying and preventing the occurrence of adverse factors
An IGBT junction temperature evaluation model for DC interruption application

IGBT is the core component of the hybrid direct current circuit breakers (DCCB), whose junction temperature is the key indicator for evaluating the ability of devices to withstand short-circuit current surges and ultimate breaking capacity. Thus, it is important to evaluate the junction temperature of IGBT under DC interruption application. At present, the main method for evaluating IGBT temperature is combining the finite element method (FEM) simulation and Cauer Thermal Network (CTN) model, which needs a large calculation amount and extracting IGBT physical structure parameters with complicated steps. In this paper, the IGBT model for DC interrupting is built, and a junction temperature prediction model based on a fast Forster-Cauer conversion algorithm is proposed. The IGBT power loss during DC interruption is taken as input, combined with junction temperature evaluation model to realize the rapid acquisition of temperature distribution between the physical layers of IGBT. The © results are shown to verify the feasibility of IGBT junction temperature evaluation model. It’s a kind of simple and fast simulation model without obtaining the detailed physical parameters in advance and suitable for temperature distribution research of IGBT core layers for turn-off transients under the large current surges.
Response of Ocypode quadrata to storm waves on an urbanized sandy beach

1 Universidade Federal de São Paulo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análise Ambiental Integrada (Rua São Nicolau, 210 Diadema 09913-030 SP Brazil) 2 Universidade Federal de São Paulo Departamento de Ciências do Mar Laboratório de Ecologia e Gestão Costeira, (Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144 Santos 11070-100 SP Brazil) 3 Universidade Federal do ABC Programa de Pós-Graduação em Evolução e Diversidade (Av. dos Estados, 5001 Bairro Bangu Santo André 09210-580 SP Brazil)
Retrospective Echocardiographic Survey of Canine Cardiac Conditions in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

| Canine cardiac diseases are routinely diagnosed in veterinary practices across Malaysia. The prevalence and distribution of cardiac diseases in dogs are yet to be documented despite the availability of expertise and imaging modalities in Malaysia’s various small animal practices. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of cardiac diseases in dogs in Malaysia using a representative clinic with large caseloads. A three-year retrospective study (2015-2017) was conducted using patient records of 264 dogs from Animal Medical Centre (AMC), Kuala Lumpur. Data involving cardiac conditions and their diagnosis were retrieved and analyzed. Data were presented descriptively in percentages and relationships analyzed using chi-square analysis. Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) accounted for 65.68% of the cardiac conditions affecting dogs and was the most diagnosed condition using Doppler ultrasonography. Generally, age and breed were strongly associated (p<0.001) with cardiac diseases in dogs. Age and breed play important roles in the occurrence of cardiac diseases in dogs in Malaysia. As the dogs grew older, they tended to show clinical signs (p<0.001) of cardiac diseases. Therefore, adequate precautionary measures, including regular check-ups, strategic exercise, and the dietary regime, are needed to detect cardiac diseases, especially in geriatric dogs.