Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large Variance ( Intra-Subcategory ) Small Variance ( Inter-Subcategory ) Maine Coon RagdollBirmanPersian ( c ) Cats Winter WrenRock WrenMarsh Wren ( a ) Birds Black Footed Albatross Sword lily LotusRoseWater lily ( d ) Flowers Dodge Caliber Wagon 2012

Fine-grained image classification is to recognize hundreds of subcategories belonging to the same basic-level category, such as 200 subcategories belonging to the bird, which is highly challenging due to large variance in the same subcategory and small variance among different subcategories. Existing methods generally first locate the objects or parts and then discriminate which subcategory the image belongs to. However, they mainly have two limitations: (1) Relying on object or part annotations which are heavily labor consuming. (2) Ignoring the spatial relationships between the object and its parts as well as among these parts, both of which are significantly helpful for finding discriminative parts. Therefore, this paper proposes the objectpart attention model (OPAM) for weakly supervised fine-grained image classification, and the main novelties are: (1) Objectpart attention model integrates two level attentions: object-level attention localizes objects of images, and part-level attention selects discriminative parts of object. Both are jointly employed to learn multi-view and multi-scale features to enhance their mutual promotions. (2) Object-part spatial constraint model combines two spatial constraints: object spatial constraint ensures selected parts highly representative, and part spatial constraint eliminates redundancy and enhances discrimination of selected parts. Both are jointly employed to exploit the subtle and local differences for distinguishing the subcategories. Importantly, neither object nor part annotations are used in our proposed approach, which avoids the heavy labor consumption of labeling. Comparing with more than 10 state-of-the-art methods on 4 widely-used datasets, our OPAM approach achieves the best performance.
Coexistence of Aerial and Ground users in UAV-Enabled Wireless Networks

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) which play the roles of communication platforms as well as cellular-connected users have significantly gained great interest in beyond 5G communication. Especially, the networks which integrate aerial users and terrestrial users would offer a number of promising applications and become more realistic. Since the existing cellular networks have been intended for terrestrial users, aerial base stations which can provide better communication links to both aerial and ground users have become a promising solution because of their attributes such as fast deployment, line-of-sight link establishment and so on. One of the key challenges in such integrated network is the association of users (aerial and ground users) to aerial base stations. In this paper, we formulate the user association problem as a transportation problem and solve it by using mixed integer programming.
Combining information retrieval modules and structural information for source code bug localization and feature location

Bug localization and feature location in source code are software evolution tasks in which developers use information about a bug or feature present in a software system to locate the source code elements, such as classes or methods. These classes or methods must be modified either to correct the bug or implement a feature. Automating bug localization and feature location are necessary due to the size and complexity of modern software systems. Recently, researchers have developed static bug localization and feature location techniques using information retrieval techniques, such as latent semantic indexing (LSI), to model lexical information, such as identifiers and comments, from source code. This research presents a new technique, LSICG, which combines LSI modeling lexical information and call graphs to modeling structural information. The output is a list of methods ranked in descending order by likelihood of requiring modification to correct the bug or implement the feature under consideration. Three case studies including comparison of LSI and LSICG at method level and class level of granularity on 25 features in JavaHMO, 35 bugs in Rhino, 3 features and 6 bugs in jEdit demonstrate that The LSICG technique provides improved performance compared to LSI alone.
Paths of Processing Strategy Transfers in Learning Japanese and English as Foreign Languages

This paper reports on a competition model experiment designed to investigate the sentence-processing strategies of English-speaking learners of Japanese (JFL learners) and Japanese-speaking learners of English. The participants were required to identify the sentence subject of a series of English and Japanese word strings, each consisting of one verb and two nouns, in which noun-animacy, word-order, and case-marking cues either competed or were consistent with each other. The results indicated a correlation between learners' proficiency in Japanese and case-marker dependency in Japanese strings. JFL learners primarily resorted to animacy cues to interpret Japanese strings, suggesting a prepotent role for lexical semantics. There was little evidence of transfer of surface word order, although some JFL learners resorted to the Japanese canonical SOV order to a greater extent than the native Japanese.
Approximate Analysis for Dynamic Channel Assignment in Large Systems with Cellular Structure

Two approximate methods for analysis of large-scale probems using dynamic channel assignment and a cellular structure are described. Such problems arise in the areas of mobile radio telephony and in multibeam satellite systems. The grade of service of individual zones is considered in detail. The problem is analyzed in terms of the carried erlang load rather than in terms of the system states. These methods are shown to be of a much lower order of difficulty than available methods.
Nonlinear adaptive control of a two link flexible robot arm

The problem of adaptively controlling the endpoint trajectory of a two-link flexible robot arm is addressed. Payload mass variations are considered. By means of a simple, finite-dimensional model of the robot, it is shown that the well-known self-tuning adaptive scheme can be successfully implemented in combination with a recently developed nonlinear controller. For the nonminimum-phase robot system, an indirect adaptive controller is presented. A least-squares identification scheme generates an estimate of the payload mass that tunes both the computation of a bounded solution for the reduced inverse system and the computation of the nominal torques. A stabilizing linear error-state feedback, with fixed gains and robustness with respect to payload mass variations, is added to the nominal torques to guarantee the total stability of the system. This is the main ingredient used in the proof of the adaptive controller properties by means of a Lyapunov-like approach. The controller performance is finally tested by numerically simulating the tracking of an endpoint angular velocity step. <<ETX>>
Characterization and Modeling of Large-Scale Fading for Radio Propagation in Rwanda

Radio links are extensively used for voice and data communications at long distance. We analyze the radio propagation parameters that affect the received signal level on radio links in Rwanda and we determine the best path loss model for prediction of the received signal level. Various models of propagation and the mathematical expressions of path loss are described here in order to come to the prediction of those propagation effects. By analyzing data collected for two links of MTN Rwanda: Gahengeri-Kibungo and Gahengeri-Jali, we find that the best predicting model is the normal distribution.
Object oriented programming with C++ and OSF/Motif

Addresses the question, "how do I use the Motif user interface toolkit if I am programming in C++? ". The answer encompasses object-oriented programming and design techniques, user interface and design. The book also discusses how to co-ordinate the programming model supported by X and Motif with object-oriented programming models. Young explores each of these topics in various degrees, using the original idea of programming with Motif and C++ as the unifiying theme. He presents techniques for designing new types of software programs, and discusses common architecture for object-oriented, user-interface-intensive programs. Going beyond examples that illustrate the mechanics of calling the Motif library from C++, Young centres each example around explanations of why the program is written as it is, emphasizing the thought process behind the design.
Reducing the power consumption in FPGAs with keeping a high performance level

Power consumption is becoming an important constraint in VLSI design because of the increase of wireless and portable battery powered applications. On the other hand, the use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) has been increasing largely due to the ability to rapidly develop prototypes with reduced development times and costs. A well known technique for low power operation in VLSI using the lowest possible supply voltage coupled with an architectural optimization is used to save power even when it increases silicon area. This technique implemented in FPGAs can represent several advantages. Since D-type flip-flops (DFFs) are for free inside each logic cell, pipeline architectures match naturally in FPGAs. Finally, some commercial FPGAs can work using a low supply voltage with no dramatic performance degradation.
ARINC 653 Based Time-Critical Application for European SCARLETT Project

The SCAlable & ReconfigurabLe Electronics plaTforms and Tools project (SCARLETT) was started by European Commission to develop the concept of IMA 2G Avionics. The paper mentions the main objectives of the SCARLET project and presents a sample time-critical application developed for it. The time-critical application is an ARINC 653 based and is a part of a distributed control system working in AFDX network environment. Its task is to control an elevator’s actuator of a typical airliner. The paper presents the structure of the application, its timing schedule, and dedicated control algorithms and error detection mechanism built-in it. Selected application tests conclude the paper.
Prediction Inference with Ensemble Methods

Acknowledgements I am deeply grateful for the support of many people that helped me during these last months while I worked on this project. A special thank you to. • Dipl. Stat. Nora Fenske for her excellent supervision, her accurate proofreading , her support, her commitment and her patience. I also want to thank her for making all her R code about quantile regression available to me. • Prof. Dr. Torsten Hothorn for his excellent supervision and for the trust he put in me by offering me this thesis. I also want to thank him for looking through much of the R code that led to the simulations and for the essential input around the questions of how to interpret and evaluate prediction intervals. • Prof. Dr. Helmut Küchenhoff and his team of the statistical consulting unit (especially Juliane Manitz and André Klima) for giving me the great opportunity to test our methods in practice with the movie data. • Elisabeth Waldmann and Juliane Manitz for proofreading and their fair comments. • Dipl. Stat. Michael Obermeier and Birgit Oppolzer for important L A T E X tips and for sharing the office with me while I worked on this thesis. for the 3 pm coffee therapy every day and their moral support. • Dipl. Stat. Benjamin Hofner for encouraging me to select this topic and mailing me his thesis which I allowed me to use as a guideline concerning many aspects. • My friends, my family and Belén for their constant support and encouragement .
A dynamic CMOS multiplier for analog neural network cells

A strobed multiplier circuit for use in integrated neural network architectures is presented. The circuit, which can be fabricated in a standard CMOS analog process, performs the two-quadrant weighting of interconnect signals via exponential charge packets onto capacitive summing buses. SPICE simulations and MOSIS fabrication results are presented. The proposed design is simple in structure, uses no operational amplifiers for the actual multiplication function, uses no power in the static mode, and has been implemented in standard 2 mu m analog CMOS processing. <<ETX>>
Parallel Chameleon Clustering Based on MapReduce

With the enlarging volumes of datasets in various areas and the rapid development of distributed technologies, parallel clustering is becoming increasingly important. To cluster large-scale data of various shapes, this paper proposes a parallel Chameleon clustering algorithm. The key idea is using a parallel minimum spanning tree algorithm to generate the initial clusters after obtaining the k-nearest neighbor graph of the original dataset in a parallel way inspired by matrix multiplication, and then using strategies suggested by the primary Chameleon clustering to combine clusters and obtain the final clusters. Finally, we design the parallel Chameleon clustering based on MapReduce. Experiments show that this algorithm is efficient and well-performed.
Research on MEMS technology of Micro fluxgate sensor

Micro fluxgate sensors are widely applied in detecting the weak magnetic field. Compared with traditional fluxgate, Micro fluxgate sensor has some advanced features. In this paper, the general development and present status of micro fluxgate processing technologies are summarized, and the main developing tendency and directions are analyzed. The best method that solves sensitivity and power consumption problem efficiently is proposed and discussed.
Tools and Techniques for Evaluating the Reliability of Cloud Computing Systems

This research introduces a computationally efficient approach taken to evaluate the reliability of a cloud computing system (CCS). The cloud computing paradigm has ushered in the need for the ability to provide computing resources in a highly scalable, flexible, and transparent fashion. The rapid uptake of cloud resource utilization has led to a need for methods that can assess the reliability of a CCS, while aiding the process of expansion and planning. This thesis proposes using reliability assessments likened to those performed on industrial grade power systems to establish methods for evaluating the reliability of a CCS and the corresponding performance metrics. Specifically, non-sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used to evaluate CCS reliability at a system scale. Further contributions are made regarding the design, development, and exploration of standardized test systems, a novel state representation of CCSs, and the use of test systems based on real-world CCSs. Results demonstrate that the method is effective and multiple insights are provided into the nature of CCS reliability and CCS design.A scalable, graphical, web-based piece of cloud simulation software called ReliaCloud-NS is also presented. ReliaCloud-NS is designed with a RESTful API for performing non-sequential MCS to perform reliability evaluations of cloud computing systems. ReliaCloud-NS allows users to design and simulate complex CCSs built from CCS components. Simulation results are stored and presented to the user in the form of interactive charts and graphs from within a Web browser. ReliaCloud-NS contains multiple types of simulations as well as multiple VM allocation schemes. ReliaCloud-NS also contains a novel feature which will evaluate CCS reliability across a range of varying VM allocations and establish and graph a CCS reliability curve. In this thesis the interactive web-based interface, the different types of simulations available, and an overview of the results generated from a simulation are described.The contributions of this thesis lay the foundation for computationally efficient methods that allow for the design and evaluation of highly resilient CCSs. Coupled with the ReliaCloud-NS software, the contributions of this thesis allow for efficient design of complex, yet, reliable CCS systems that can be simulated and analyzed, leading to improved customer experience and cost-savings.
The effect of packet reordering in a backbone link on application throughput

Packet reordering in the Internet is a well-known phenomenon. As the delay and speed of backbone links continue to increase, what used to be a negligible amount of packet reordering may now, combined with some level of dropped packets, cause multiple invocations of fast recovery within a TCP window. This may result in a significant drop in link utilization and hence in application throughput. What adds to the difficulty is that packet reordering is a silent problem. It may result in significant application throughput degradation while leaving little to no trace. In this article we try to measure and quantify the effect of reordering packets in a backbone link that multiplexes multiple TCP flows on application throughput. Different operating systems and delay values as well as various types of flow mixes were tested in a laboratory setup. The results show that only a small percentage of reordered packets, by at least three packet locations, in a backbone link can cause significant degradation of application throughput. Long flows are affected most. Due to the potential impact of this phenomenon, minimization of packet reordering as well as mitigating the effect algorithmically should be considered.
Asymmetric Ring Opening of Epoxides

This review deals with the metal promoted asymmetric ring opening of achiral epoxides using achiral carbon-, nitrogen-, oxygen-, sulphur- and halogen-containing nucleophiles. The use of chiral bases in the asymmetric deprotonation of achiral epoxides yields chiral allylic alcohols. Finally, kinetic resolution of racemic epoxides can be achieved using chiral metal complexes.
How Rules Determine the Operator Analysis of Water Height Prediction

The project concerns water height prediction by the Rijkswaterstaat employees. The employees predict the water height based on some rules. We want to find out by which rules an employee can be identified. We use a validation set corresponding to some unknown employee. We find out how we can use the association rules to retrieve which operator the validation set represents. In our main approach we use association rule properties such as confidence and lift to calculate the chance that a given validation set corresponds with a given operator. Over 70% of the tested sets could be successfully retrieved with this approach. Chapter
Ubiquitous Benzoquinones, Multitalented Compounds for Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Reactions

Palladium(II)-catalyzed procedures often use benzoquinone (BQ) to regenerate the catalyst. Besides its oxidation role, BQ can also promote various steps of the catalytic cycle. This review highlights the multifaceted properties of BQ and its analogues when involved in PdII-catalyzed oxidative reactions and presents mechanisms proposed in the literature, in some cases with personal observations.
MOTION DETECTION IN MOVING BACKGROUND USING ORB FEATURE MATCHING AND AFFINE TRANSFORM

Visual surveillance systems have gained a lot of interest in the last few years due to its importance in military application and security. Surveillance cameras are installed in security sensitive areas such as banks, train stations, highways, and borders. In computer vision, moving object detection and tracking methods are the most important preliminary steps for higher-level video analysis applications. Moving objects in moving background are an important research area of image-video processing and computer vision. Feature matching is at the base of many computer vision problems, such as object recognition or structure from motion. ORB is used for feature detection and tracking. The objective is to track the moving objects in a moving video. Oriented Fast and Rotated Brief (ORB) which is a combination of two major techniques: Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) and Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features (BRIEF). Mismatched features between two frames are rejected by the proposed method for a good accuracy of compensation. The Residues are removed using Logic AND Operation. To validate the proposed method, and to perform experiments that compare the properties of the proposed method to Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) based method and Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) based method, for both detecting accuracy and efficiency.
The effect of language on speaker identification

The effect of cross-language testing on automatic speaker identification systems is examined specifically for Mandarin and English speech and a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based classifier. The analysis is based on examination of sorted lists of "most-likely" matches to a given model from a set of test sequences. Cross-language testing is shown to cause the distribution of speakers in a ranked list to depart significantly from the uniform distribution expected if there were no cross-language testing effects.
Reuse of Digital Mock-Up Data by Using Shape Matching

We present a framework for reuse of digital mock-up models. Our idea is to find reusable models in the archives by shape matching. Since the reusable models are already designed by operators in the past projects, we can easily create various types of data by using existing models. Indeed, we demonstrate this framework is efficient for surface simplification and CAE mesh generation problems.
Harnessing the Versatile Reactivity of Propargyl Alcohols and their Derivatives for Sustainable Complex Molecule Synthesis

Abstract One of the major challenges faced in modern synthetic chemistry is the efficient and selective assembly of complex molecular structures, especially carbo- and heterocycles, from readily accessible starting materials. With this has arisen the development of tandem reaction processes, which permit multiple transformations in a single synthetic step and that have often provided elegant routes to complex target scaffolds from simple precursors. Propargyl alcohols and their derivatives have become increasingly attractive starting materials for such processes owing to their reactivity in the presence of a Brønsted or Lewis acid catalyst as well as halogenation reagents. This account describes our recent efforts in the field, and demonstrates how propargyl alcohols and their derivatives can be transformed into a diverse range of highly functionalized acyclic, carbocyclic and heterocyclic structures, which are of importance as synthetic building blocks and as motifs in functional materials and bioactive compounds. 1 Introduction 2 Acyclic Conjugated Enynes 3 Carbocycles 3.1 Indenes 3.2 Dihydrofluorenes 3.3 Cyclopentenes, Cyclobutenes and Cyclopenta[b]naphthalenes 3.4 ortho-Phenolic Esters 4 Heterocycles with One Heteroatom 4.1 Indoles 4.2 Piperidines, Azepines and Pyrrolidines 4.3 Pyrroles 4.4 Furans 4.5 Benzo[b]oxepines and Benzo[b]azepines 5 Heterocycles with Two Heteroatoms 5.1 Thiazoles and Oxazoles 5.2 Dioxolanes 6 Conclusion