Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Drivers Regarding the Use of Mobile Health Apps Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Netherlands: Explanatory Sequential Design Study

Background Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, food intake, and physical activity supports self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There has been an increase in the development and availability of mobile health apps for T2DM. Objective The aim of this study is to explore the actual use of mobile health apps for diabetes among patients with T2DM and the main barriers and drivers among app users and nonusers. Methods An explanatory sequential design was applied, starting with a web-based questionnaire followed by semistructured in-depth interviews. Data were collected between July and December 2020. Questionnaire data from 103 respondents were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 25.0). Descriptive statistics were performed for the actual use of apps and items of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The UTAUT includes 4 key constructs: performance expectancy (the belief that an app will help improve health performance), effort expectancy (level of ease associated with using an app), social influence (social support), and facilitating conditions (infrastructural support). Differences between users and nonusers were analyzed using chi-square tests for individual items. Independent 2-tailed t tests were performed to test for differences in mean scores per the UTAUT construct. In total, 16 respondents participated in the interviews (10 users and 6 nonusers of apps for T2DM). We performed content analysis using a deductive approach on all transcripts, guided by the UTAUT. Results Regarding actual use, 55.3% (57/103) were nonusers and 44.7% (46/103) were users of apps for T2DM. The main driver for the use of apps was the belief that using apps for managing diabetes would result in better personal health and well-being. The time and energy required to keep track of the data and understand the app were mentioned as barriers. Mean scores were significantly higher among users compared with nonusers of apps for T2DM for the constructs performance expectancy (4.06, SD 0.64 vs 3.29, SD 0.89; P<.001), effort expectancy (4.04, SD 0.62 vs 3.50, SD 0.82; P<.001), social influence (3.59, SD 0.55 vs 3.29, SD 0.54; P=.007), and facilitating conditions (4.22, SD 0.48 vs 3.65, SD 0.70; P<.001). On the basis of 16 in-depth interviews, it was recognized that health care professionals play an important role in supporting patients with T2DM in using apps. However, respondents noticed that their health care professionals were often not supportive of the use of apps for managing diabetes, did not show interest, or did not talk about apps. Reimbursement by insurance companies was mentioned as a missing facilitator. Conclusions Empowering health care professionals’ engagement is of utmost importance in supporting patients with T2DM in the use of apps. Insurance companies can play a role in facilitating the use of diabetes apps by ensuring reimbursement.
Characterisation of a gene trap integration marking hepatic specification

Gene trapping in mouse embryonic stem cells has been used to identify and characterise the function of novel genes. Introduction of a gene trap vector into the genome results in the generation of a fusion between the lacZ reporter gene and the endogenous trapped gene. The consequences of this are predicted to be threefold: (i) expression of the reporter gene will be controlled by the promoter and enhancer elements of the endogenous gene and will therefore mirror endogenous gene expression; (ii) the generation of a fusion transcript allows endogenous gene sequence to be cloned by 5'RACE-PCR and (iii) the insertion of the gene trap vector can disrupt the function of the endogenous gene. This work describes the characterisation of one specific gene trap integration, 1114 that has not behaved entirely as predicted but has none-the-less identified an early marker of hepatic specification. The reporter activity profile associated with the 1114 gene trap integration is restricted to the definintive endoderm marking the ontogeny of the foetal liver. Reporter activity is observed as early as the 9 somite stage (8.0-8.5dpc) in endodermal cells of the foregut in the region destined to form the liver diverticulum and is restricted to the hepatic lineage until late gestation. Comparison of 1114 reporter activity with AFP identifies 1114 reporter activity as being the earliest, most specific marker of liver organogenesis identified to date. Breeding of the gene trap integration to homozygosity reveals no overt phenotype but its unique pattern of expression prompted us to clone the endogenous sequence. This has proven to be more complex than predicted as integration of the gene trap vector results in the production of two fusion transcripts. The most abundant (Group I) fusion transcript is ubiquitously expressed. No reporter activity is produced from this fusion transcript as gene trap vector splicing to this sequence places translation of the lacZ gene out-of-frame. The second, less abundant (Group II) fusion transcript is expressed exclusively in the liver during embryogenesis and is predicted to produce reporter activity. The cloning and sequencing of both the genomic sequence and the endogenous gene (gtar gene trap nkyrin repeat) associated with the Group I and II fusion sequences has revealed that they represent different exons of gtar. Expression of the Group I and Group II sequences independent of the gene trap vector mimics that of the 1114 fusion transcripts. Furthermore, expression of these sequences in 1114 homozygous tissues indicates that the insertion of the gene trap vector has failed to disrupt the expression of gtar. Expression of the liver specific exon of gtar is postulated to be a consequence of either a separate promoter immediately upstream of the exon or alternative splicing.
Emission constrained unit-commitment (ECUC)

This paper presents a short-term unit commitment approach that incorporates environmental externalities into electric utility operations decision-making. The suggested approach identifies the least cost action for achieving daily or weekly emission targets. The problem formulation includes all standard system constraints, and explicitly addresses variable emission during start-up, operation, and shut-down of electric generating units. The problem is solved using a Lagrangian relaxation-based algorithm which offers a practical approach to the emission constrained unit commitment problem.
Multi-physics Analysis for Temperature Rise Prediction of Power Transformer

In this paper, a method for multi-physics analysis of the temperature-dependent properties of an oil-immersed transformer is discussed. To couple thermal fields with electromagnetic and fluid fields, an algorithm employing a user defined function (UDF) is proposed. Using electromagnetic analysis, electric power loss dependent on temperature rise is calculated; these are used as input data for multi-physics analysis in order to predict the temperature rise. A heat transfer coefficient is applied only at the outermost boundary between transformer and the atmosphere in order to reduce the analysis region. To verify the validity of the proposed method, the predicted temperature rises in high-voltage (HV) and low-voltage (LV) windings and radiators were compared with the experimental values.
Modified transmission-reflection method for measuring constitutive parameters of thin flexible high-loss materials

The transmission-reflection method is modified for measuring constitutive parameters of thin high-loss materials used as radar absorbers. The method uses a two-layer structure, consisting of a layer of thin flexible unknown material supported by a thicker rigid known material. The analysis and measurements focus on nonmagnetic samples of a high dielectric constant and loss factor and on the waveguide configuration in the X-band. A nonlinear least-squares optimization is used to obtain the complex permittivity from the measured scattering parameters. The uncertainty analysis presented facilitates selection of the support layer thickness. Simulations with the finite-difference time-domain method explore the effects of sample imperfections. Accuracy of a few percent can be achieved for a sample thickness of a fraction of a millimeter, provided that the thickness of the support dielectric is close to optimum and sample has only small surface imperfections.
Updates on Management of Leprosy in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations by IADVL SIG Leprosy

The Special Interest Group (SIG) on leprosy thought it to be prudent to revisit its previous practice recommendations through this update. During this period, the pandemic course shifted to a 'second wave' riding on the 'delta variant'. While the number of cases increased manifold, so did the research on all aspects of the disease. Introduction of vaccination and data from various drug trials have an impact on current best practices on management of diseases including leprosy. The beneficial results of using steroids in management of COVID-19, gives elbow room regarding its usage in conditions like lepra reactions. On the other hand, the increase in cases of Mucormycosis again underlines applying due caution while recommending immunosuppressants to a patient already suffering from COVID-19. This recommendation update from SIG leprosy reflects current understanding about managing leprosy while the dynamic pandemic continues with its ebbs and flows.
A low‐loss ring UWB bandpass filter

In this article, a compact and low loss ring ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with an enlarged perturbation element is designed and implemented on FR4 substrate. This filter at center frequency f0 of 4.16 GHz has presented almost very good measured characteristics including the bandwidth of 3.04–5.27 GHz (3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 54%), a low insertion loss of 0.8 dB, a high passband selectivity due to two transmission zeros in the passband edges, and a low group delay varied between 0.1 and 0.6 ns. Experimental results of the fabricated filter show a good agreement with the predict results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2317–2319, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23639
Defining Useful Technology Evaluations

Abstract : Information technology executives and managers at MITRE sponsors are the decision-makers who direct the selection and adoption of new technologies. Nonetheless, they often lack a systematic method for assessing technology value. Although best practices are well documented in academic literature, decision-makers may unknowingly fall victim to or use haphazard approaches that fail to meet business needs and bypass more effective technologies. This paper explains to executives and managers why they need a systematic approach to technology evaluation. Then, it distills for them the evaluation methods and technology investigation processes proposed by experts in empfrical software engineering. This paper has not aimed to add novel ideas to the academic discussion of technology evaluation. Rather, the intent here is to allow MITRE sponsors to access, understand, and apply these concepts.
A compact low‐cost dual‐band bandpass filter with enhanced suppression using substrate integrates suspended line technology

A compact dual‐band bandpass filter based on the substrate integrates suspended line platform is proposed in this letter. The design is implemented using low‐cost FR‐4 material, while the loss can be reduced by 3D metal connections with substrate cutout. 0.97 dB/1.6 dB improvement of insertion loss is achieved and verified at 3.45 GHz/4.9 GHz. By paralleling quarter wavelength step impedance resonators with different operating frequencies, two paths formed between source and load. Both bandwidth and location of transmission zeros can be adjusted independently. Two stubs are added working not only as feed structure but also as a stop band resonator, which can provide 20 dB out‐of‐band suppression up to 4.4f0. The obtained performances are good enough to compare with the state of art, though very low‐cost FR‐4 materials are used.
Extracting, computing, coordination: what does a triphasic ERP pattern say about language processing?

ABSTRACT The current study aims at contributing to the interpretation of the most prominent language-related ERP effects, N400 and P600, by investigating how neural responses to congruent and incongruent sentence endings vary, when the language processor processes the full array of the lexico-syntactic content in verbs with three affixes in canonical Turkish sentences. The ERP signals in response to three different violation conditions reveal a similar triphasic (P200/N400/P600) pattern resembling in topography and peak amplitude The P200 wave is interpreted as the extraction of meaning from written.form by generating a code which triggers the computation of neuronal ensembles in the distributed LTM (N400). The P600 potential reflects the widely distributed coordination process of activated neuronal patterns of semantic and morphosyntactic cues by connecting the generated subsets of these patterns and adapting them into the current context. It further can be deduced that these ERP components reflect cognitive rather than linguistic processes.
Is the Occurrence or Reversal of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Long-Term Helicobacter pylori Infection among Chinese Adults? A Cohort Study

Background Previous studies have suggested a link between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), yet long-term follow-up studies to elucidate this association are lacking. We aimed to identify the relationship between NAFLD and H. pylori in these people. Methods A total of 2,934 adults between June 2013 and October 2017 were collected; among them, 675 people met the requirements. People were assessed for H. pylori infection diagnosis as detected by the carbon-13 urea breath test; they were also assessed for NAFLD diagnosis by ultrasound. Results H. pylori infection was present in 206 patients (30.5%), and 469 (69.5%) participants were classified as controls. Participants with H. pylori infection had a higher rate of incident NAFLD than those who were uninfected (37/206; 18% versus 73/469; 15.6%) (p < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the recovery rate of NAFLD in the H. pylori+ve group was low (6/206, 2.9% versus 33/469, 7.0%) (p < 0.001). Besides, the incidence of uric acid, postprandial blood glucose, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and fasting plasma glucose was significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.001), but no difference was found in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver-total protein, urea nitrogen, and cholesterol (p > 0.05). Conclusion H. pylori infection was a risk factor for NAFLD and affected the occurrence or reversal of NAFLD, indicating that H. pylori infection eradication might play a role in reducing the risk of NAFLD.
Aksi Penyerangan Non-Player Character (NPC) Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes pada Shooter Game

Aksi penyerangan pada non-player character (NPC) merupakan salah satu substansi penting dalam pembuatan game. Dalam melakukan penyerangan diperlukan strategi khusus agar NPC tidak mudah dikalahkan. Salah satunya adalah adanya variasi serangan terhadap pemain. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengatur penyerangan NPC adalah rulebase. Metode rulebase dapat memberikan variasi serangan sesuai kondisi NPC, namun metode rulebase bisanya menghasilkan behaviour yang statis dan tidak adaptif jika terdapat kondisi baru. AI seperti ini akan mudah diprediksi dan repetitif sehingga menurunkan tingkat tantangan bermain game. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut banyak peneliti yang menggunakan teknik learning. Salah satunya menggunakan metode naïve bayes. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penerapan metode naïve bayes sebagai strategi penyerangan NPC pada shooter game. Metode naïve bayes digunakan untuk keputusan serangan yang diambil oleh NPC. Adapun parameter yang digunakan untuk keputusan penyerangan adalah nyawa, jarak, jumlah granat, dan jumlah amunisi yang dimiliki NPC. Sedangkan keputusan penyerangan dibagi menjadi serangan tembak, serangan granat, dan serangan pisau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan metode naïve bayes membuat NPC mampu melakukan penyerangan secara otonom jika terdapat kondisi baru dengan akurasi 80%. Penerapan metode naïve bayes juga lebih unggul dalam persentase kemenangan NPC dibanding metode rulebase. Tingkat kemenangan NPC menggunakan metode naïve bayes sebesar 60% sedangkan rulebase sebesar 16%. AbstractNon-Player Character’s (NPC) attacks behaviour is one important substance in making games. While NPC attacks needs specific strategy to not get defeated easily. One of the NPC attacks strategy is a variation of offense to player. One of the methods to manage the NPC attack strategy is rulebase. Rulebase method can give variations of the NPC attacks according in conditions, but rulebase method usually producing static behaviour and not adaptive where there is new condition. AI like this would easy too predictive and repetitive so that decrease the challenge of playing games. To overcome these problems, we use naïve bayes method. In this study, naïve bayes method are applied as an NPC’s attack strategy to the shooter game. Naïve bayes method used for attack decisions taken by the NPC. The parameters used for the attack’s decision are health point, distance, number of grenades, and number of ammunitions owned by the NPC. While attacks decision is divided into firing attacks, grenade attacks, and melee attacks. The results showed that the use naïve bayes method can attack autonomously if there are new condition with an accuracy of 80%. The implementation of naïve bayes method at NPC more superior than rulebase method in percentage of NPC winning. The NPC win rate uses the naïve bayes method is 60% while the rulebase is 16%.
A Survey on Event Extraction for Natural Language Understanding: Riding the Biomedical Literature Wave

Motivation: The scientific literature embeds an enormous amount of relational knowledge, encompassing interactions between biomedical entities, like proteins, drugs, and symptoms. To cope with the ever-increasing number of publications, researchers are experiencing a surge of interest in extracting valuable, structured, concise, and unambiguous information from plain texts. With the development of deep learning, the granularity of information extraction is evolving from entities and pairwise relations to events. Events can model complex interactions involving multiple participants having a specific semantic role, also handling nested and overlapping definitions. After being studied for years, automatic event extraction is on the road to significantly impact biology in a wide range of applications, from knowledge base enrichment to the formulation of new research hypotheses. Results: This paper provides a comprehensive and up-to-date survey on the link between event extraction and natural language understanding, focusing on the biomedical domain. First, we establish a flexible event definition, summarizing the terminological efforts conducted in various areas. Second, we present the event extraction task, the related challenges, and the available annotated corpora. Third, we deeply explore the most representative methods and present an analysis of the current state-of-the-art, accompanied by performance discussion. To help researchers navigate the avalanche of event extraction works, we provide a detailed taxonomy for classifying the contributions proposed by the community. Fourth, we compare solutions applied in biomedicine with those evaluated in other domains, identifying research opportunities and providing insights for strategies not yet explored. Finally, we discuss applications and our envisions about future perspectives, moving the needle on explainability and knowledge injection.
Current opinion and comparison of surgical procedures for the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax

ABSTRACT Introduction Although three-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is the standard radical treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), several issues need to be addressed as the postoperative recurrence rate remains relatively high. Although bullectomy is effective in preventing the postoperative recurrence of PSP, recurrent pneumothorax often occurs, requiring additional methods such as pleural covering with absorbable mesh sheets, surgical chemical pleurodesis, pleural abrasion, or pleurectomy. In addition, minimally invasive approaches that exceed three-port VATS are required according to the social demand. These approaches, such as uniportal VATS, reduced port surgery, and needlescopic surgery, have cosmetic merits, lower postoperative pain, and similar surgical results as three-port VATS. Areas covered We focused on conventional and novel treatments for PSP in this article. Expert opinion Effective methods that prevent postoperative recurrence and minimally invasive approaches will become popular in the near future.
Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of biodiesel production from rapeseed in Iran

The issue of searching alternatives for diesel fuel in transport sector that is one of the largest diesel fuel consuming sectors in each country has become more attractive nowadays. In this study, the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of biodiesel production from rapeseed as an alternative for diesel fuel in transport sector was assessed in terms of three main stages including agricultural crop production, transport, and industrial conversion. The results revealed that the total fossil energy input cost was calculated as 28 122.16 MJ ha−1 and the renewable energy output content (biodiesel as the final outcome) was estimated as 31 802.06 MJ ha−1. The net energy returns and the fossil energy ratio were calculated as 3679.9 MJ ha−1 and 1.13, respectively. It shows rapeseed could be a suitable energy crop for biodiesel production. CO2 emissions assessment showed that the total greenhouse gas emissions over biodiesel production life cycle were 1054.98 kg CO2 eq ha−1 and the agricultural crop production stage ranks the first. In order to establish energy crops cultivation such as rapeseed and achieve the sustainable development, meteorological and water source availability data collected and analyzed for all the 31 provinces in Iran to generate a map of regions capable of rapeseed cultivation. The results revealed that 24 provinces among 31 provinces have a great potential for rapeseed cultivation.