Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Particle Size and Sintering Temperature on the Formation of Mullite from Kyanite and Aluminum Mixtures

The effect of particle size and sintering temperature of the mixtures of kyanite and metallic aluminum related to the thermal transformation of kyanite into primary mullite and free silica was studied. In addition, the reaction between α-Al2O3 (in situ produced by aluminum oxidation) and the silica was obtained in cristobalite structure from kyanite to obtain secondary mullite. The kyanite powders were milled by 0.5, 3, 6, and 12 hours and then were mixed with aluminum powder, which were previously milled by 3 hours. After that, the powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the particle size was determined in a centrifugal analyzer particle size Shimadzu model SA-CP4. The mixed powders were pressed uniaxially into cylindrical samples (compacts), and then sintering was conducted at 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600°C; these samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and thermodilatometry analysis (TD); density and open porosity measurements were performed by the Archimedes method. The samples were thermally etched to observe the microstructure, which consisted of mullite equiaxial grains contained in a glassy phase. It was observed that the nonmilled kyanite mineral becomes into mullite plus silica at temperatures between 1400 and 1500°C. When the particle size was reduced at sizes less than 1 µm, the transformation temperature was low until 200°C; the X-ray patterns of the sintered samples at 1400°C, ground for 6 hours, showed mullite peaks with small reflections of cristobalite and α-Al2O3, and these samples exhibited high density and low open porosity.
Bivariate Extended Yule Distribution

Abstract Here we introduce a bivariate version of the extended Yule distribution (EYD) of Martinez-Rodriguez et al (Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 2011). The EYD has been found suitable for heavy tailed distributions. For emphasizing the practical relevance of the model, it is shown that the proposed distribution can be viewed as the distribution of the random sum of independently and identically distributed bivariate Bernoulli random variables. It is also observed that the proposed bivariate distribution is a very flexible distribution and it includes the bivariate geometric distribution as its special case. A genesis of the distribution and explicit closed form expressions for its probability mass function, factorial moments and the probability generating function of its conditional distributions are derived. Certain recurrence relations for probabilities, raw moments and factorial moments of the BEYD are also obtained. The method of maximum likelihood estimation is employed for estimating the parameters of the distribution. Some examples of application using data from different fields are included in order to illustrate all these procedures.
An Ontology based Approach for Context-Aware Security in the Internet of Things (IoT)

: Due to increased number of IoT devices, the marketplace is showing significant growth of sensor deployments around the world. The context involved in any IoT environment needs proper storage, processing and interpretation to get deeper insights from it. Previous research has not focussed much on context-ware security in IoT environment and has primarily relied on context-ware computing methods. In this research paper we implement logical decisions among IoT nodes in healthcare system using ontological approach. With the help of ontological method collected data is transferred between various healthcare devices to the knowledge base thereby achieving security of context like patient data by providing deeper insights, so as to generate intelligent suggested solutions. Incorporation of context-aware rules based on common experience for specific healthcare scenario is done to get implicit insight among IoT nodes. This work designs security ontology using Security Toolbox: Attacks & Countermeasures (STAC) framework that is implemented in Protégé 5. Moreover, Pellet (Incremental) reasoned is used to evaluate the ontology. Emergency ontology that can prove helpful at emergency times has also been designed. Different parameters addressed in this work are authentication, access-control, authorization and privacy using context-awareness methodology that can enable naive users make informed security decision.
Prosociality and hoarding amid the COVID‐19 pandemic: A tale of four countries

Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health crisis that poses a challenge to humanity. Drawing on the stress and coping literature, we argue that people around the world alleviate their anxiety and stress induced by the pandemic through both prosocial and ‘self‐interested’ hoarding behaviours. This cross‐cultural survey study examined the pushing (threat perception) and pulling (moral identity) factors that predicted prosocial acts and hoarding, and subsequently psychological well‐being. Data were collected from 9 April to 14 May 2020 from 251 participants in the United Kingdom (UK), 268 in the United States (US), 197 in Germany (DE), and 200 in Hong Kong (HK). Whereas threat perception was associated positively with both prosocial acts and hoarding, benevolent moral identity was associated positively with the former but not the latter behaviour. We also observed cross‐cultural differences, such that both effects were stronger in more individualistic (UK, US) countries than less individualistic (HK, DE) ones. The findings shed light on the prosocial vs. self‐interested behavioural responses of people in different cultures towards the same pandemic crisis.
Remixing Resilience: A Critical Examination of Urban Middle School Learning Environments among Resilient African American Learners

This study examines a sample of African American students attending urban middle schools in a Southern city, and considers their perceptions of learning environments within mathematics classrooms. This study concluded that variables like Academic Self-Concept, Mathematics Anxiety, Satisfaction, Involvement, and Academic Aspiration varied significantly among higher and lower performing students. These variables are informed by the classic resilience literature on learning environment that tends to be less culturally affirming. In an effort to move resilience theory away from racial ideologies, we reconceptualize resilience as a cultural trait common among African American learners that should not be conceptualized dichotomously nor hierarchically
Personal network, recruitment pattern and network characteristics of female sex workers in a high HIV prevalent state of India

Personal network characteristics have an important role in assessing the hard-to-reach population. The purpose of the study was to assess the network characteristic, recruitment pattern and the association between personal networks with other cofactors of female sex workers (FSWs) in Nagaland, India. Four hundred and seventeen FSWs were recruited through Respondent Driven Sampling in Dimapur, Nagaland using seven seeds. Transition probability matrices and homophily indices were used to describe the network characteristics and network pattern of FSWs. Respondent Driven Sampling weighted logistic regression model was performed to observed the association. Mean personal network size of FSWs was 6.8. Heterophily was present for age at first sexual debut, duration of sex work, client volume per weeks, and personal network size. Being >30 years of age, having ≥10 years of engagement in sex work, being hotel/lodge entertainer, having more client were found significantly associated with an increased likelihood of personal network size. Higher personal network size was also found significantly associated with ever illicit drug used practices. The personal network sized and the existence of the affiliation between recruiters and recruitees may help to spread peer-driven intervention among FSWs in the region. Further, research is required on the social networks of FSWs for a better understanding of their personal network, network pattern, and high-risk behaviors in all aspects to build a better foundation for behavioral intervention.
Factors influencing the nucleation and crystal growth of solution-processed organic lead halide perovskites: a review

Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with solution processability, low defect concentration, low cost and high output manufacturing have emerged as promising third-generation photovoltaic technologies. After an unprecedented speed of development, the power conversion efficiencies of small-area PSCs have exceeded 25%, and meanwhile large-scale perovskite modules are also on a rapid rise. At this stage, considering the significant progress in the fabrication of perovskite films with controllable morphology and crystallinity, it is necessary to conduct reviews on the updated understandings of the nucleation and crystal growth behaviors of perovskites. This review aims to clarify the related mechanisms of the complex perovskite formation process, and is devoted to giving a timely summary of the recent advances. Strategies for controlling perovskite nucleation and crystal growth are also discussed.
When education in emergencies fails: learners’ motivations for a second chance education in post-conflict Rwanda

ABSTRACT There has been an increasing effort to deliver Education in Emergencies (EiE) from the international community since the 1990s because of protracted humanitarian situations. Despite the growing attention to EiE, many children in conflict-affected situations miss schooling without having the opportunity to receive a second chance education (SCE), or voice their perspectives on this situation. Given the gaps within EiE, this paper focuses on the largely overlooked issue of out-of-school children and young people resulting from conflict, and potential for an SCE. Based on 23 life story interviews conducted in Rwanda, it examines how learners in post-genocide Rwanda made sense of the complex education journey that they undertook and their motivations for an SCE. The research demonstrates various motivations, including both intrinsic and extrinsic, using self-determination theory. It provides learners’ perspectives on education that are currently missing in the EiE field.
Vulnerability Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators for Early Detection of Currency Crisis: Case Study of Indonesian Economy on 1991–2019

The purpose of this study is to detect the currency crisis in Indonesia by exploring the vulnerability of macroeconomic variables. The Exchange Market Pressure Index was used to determine the crisis period by modeling the threshold value. Early indicators were determined using the signal analysis approach; therefore, the vulnerability level of each macroeconomic variable is known and used to determine the leading indicators. The result showed that the Signal Analysis and Herrera–Garcia approaches are the best detection models. Furthermore, it was concluded that the Signal Analysis approach was better in detecting crises compared to the Herrera–Garcia approach.
Resistance profile and virulence characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic neonatal farm animals

Neonatal diarrhea is the main cause of early mortality and morbidity in farm animals and the source of huge, direct and indirect, economic husbandry losses. Escherichia coli, a common harmless commensal bacterium, can turn into a main diarrheal pathogen through antibiotic resistance and the expression of genetically acquired virulence factors. In this study, fecal samples obtained from eight farms of animals with clinical signs characteristic of diarrhea were subjected to culture and bacterial isolation. Colonies suggestive of E. coli were identified through morphological and biochemical characteristics. Susceptibility tests to the main veterinary antibacterial agents were conducted using agar disk diffusion followed by phenotypical detection of extended-spectrum ? -lactamase (ESBL). A total of 301 colonies were characterized as E. coli and, out of the 192 that were tested, 134 showed resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs and were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR), and 14 were ESBL positive. Bacterial DNA was extracted for multiplex PCR (mPCR) using primers to detect ten different genes of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC). Thirty-six bacterial strains were positive in the mPCR assay, 28 of which were classified as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and eight as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The high prevalence of MDR strains and the detection of ESBL denote the presence of resistance genes in animal husbandry; thus, it is important to isolate and characterize those pathogens and test antimicrobial sensitivity in vitro to avoid ineffective treatments and the spread of antimicrobial resistance, which are the major concerns of Public Health and One Health.
People, nature and large herbivores in a shared landscape: A mixed‐method study of the ecological and social outcomes from agriculture and conservation

1 - In this exploratory study, we employ an interdisciplinary approach to explore potential synergies and trade‐offs between the needs of people and nature in the context of agroecological farming and nature conservation. 2 - Ecological field studies and management surveys from six sites were combined with a participatory‐deliberative appraisal exercise using the Multi‐Criteria Mapping (MCM) method. All six study sites and all four land use options in the appraisal were characterised by the use of large herbivores for agricultural and/or conservation purposes, to varying degrees, and were located in South‐East England. 3 - MCM participants identified habitat and species diversity, soil health, food production, provision of education and recreational access, as the principal benefits associated with successful management of such sites. Taken overall, their appraisals indicated that a combination of land uses may be best suited to delivering these diverse benefits, but with agroecological (While organic and biodynamic agriculture are subject to legal definition, agroecology offers a more flexible approach and can be viewed as ‘a development pathway from input‐intensive industrial systems through to highly sustainable, ecological systems’—see Laughton, R. (2017) ‘A Matter of Scale’, Land Workers Alliance and Centre for Agroecology, Coventry University) farming being perceived as a particularly effective multi‐purpose option. 4 - Five of the six sites were used for recreational purposes, and in total we recorded five times more humans than wild mammals. Ecological data from the sites indicated that the most conservation‐oriented sites performed best in terms of species richness and activity (birds, mammals, bats and invertebrates) and number of species of conservation concern. However, beta diversity metrics indicated important variation in the species assemblages recorded within and between sites. Whereas both agroecological farms in our study produced the greatest weight of saleable meat per unit area, the site that produced the most meat also demonstrated consistently strong performance across many biodiversity metrics. 5 - Overall, expert perspectives and the performance of our study sites suggests that combinations of diverse approaches to the management of large herbivores, within a ‘wildlife‐friendly’ envelope, are consistent with providing for the diverse needs of people and nature within shared landscapes.
Towards a typology of strategic corporate social responsibility through camouflage and courtship analogies

This paper develops a theory of strategic corporate social responsibility responses, by drawing on the analogy of biological species-level adaptations of camouflage and courtship found in the natural world. In so doing, we focus on the substantive response and associated strategic motivation to engage in different types of CSR within a mainstreaming environment; and the mechanisms by which it occurs in differing scenarios, framed through a biological interpretative lens. We presents eight strategic approaches to CSR, each defined by a camouflage or courtship approach. Each strategy is considered through the lens of their biological comparators and published case vignettes of CSR strategies within firms. The paper concludes by dis-cussing a future research agenda building on the theoretical framework presented.
A model free controller based on reinforcement learning for active steering system with uncertainties

Vehicle steering control is crucial to autonomous vehicles. However, unknown parameters and uncertainties of vehicle steering systems bring a great challenge to its control performance, which needs to be tackled urgently. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel model free controller based on reinforcement learning for active steering system with unknown parameters. The model of the active steering system and the Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor is built to construct a virtual object in simulations. The agent based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm is built, including actor network and critic network. The rewards from environment are designed to improve the effectiveness of agent. Simulations and testbench experiments are implemented to train the agent and verify the effectiveness of the controller. Results show that the proposed algorithm can acquire the network parameters and achieve effective control performance without any prior knowledges or models. The proposed agent can adapt to different vehicles or active steering systems easily and effectively with only retraining of the network parameters.
Calculated Simulation of the Crystal Morphology of HMX

The crystal morphology and crystallization behavior of HMX were calculated by using BFDH,Growth Morphology and Equilibrium Morphology contained in Morphology module of Material Studio.The structures of important crystal faces,the growth habit of the crystal and the relationship between the structures of crystal faces and surfactants were studied.The calculated results show that the results obtained by Growth Morphology and Equilibrium Morphology quite coincide with the actual results.
Social Development Through International Relations

With the horrific incident on September 11 in the US, the US armed forces entered Afghanistan to shut the door to terrorism. Now, Afghanistan opens a new page for Afghanistan's internal and external political system. Afghanistan as a country that has pursued regional cooperation from neighboring countries, especially from India. India is the most promising country for Afghanistan's foreign policy and diplomatic relations in areas such as economic, cultural, technical, capacity building, military and other growth. The purpose of this study is to examine the development process of the two countries India and Pakistan in an effort to establish international relations. With a qualitative approach This research resulted in India being one of the countries which, after September 11, 2001, and the leadership of the Taliban, succeeded in gaining more opportunities for the people of Afghanistan. His non-hostile contributions to Middle Eastern and Middle Eastern countries have created a special place for the people of Afghanistan. India after independence in 1947, started friendly relations with Afghanistan two years later, until now, has enthusiastically and dedicably made their contribution to Afghanistan. The people of Afghanistan in this case get many benefits from India's bilateral relations, namely the construction of the Salma Dam in Herat, Delaram Road Development, Allotment of 1000 Afghan Student Scholarships in Human Resource Development per year, the Repair of the Afghan Foreign Minister Complex, the establishment of the Afghan Parliament Building, the Opening of Chabahar Port, Strengthening the Equipment of the Afghan Military Forces, Air Corridors, and India's efforts to get Afghanistan to gain Membership in Regional Cooperation Bodies such as SAARC, BRICS, Asia Heart 'Istanbul Process'.
Standardized Patients in Clinical Psychology: From Research to Practice

Background: Within the pending reform of the German law of psychotherapy training, education in clinical psychology and the examination of psychotherapeutic competencies are established as more practice oriented. Students will acquire and demonstrate therapeutic skills through interactions with standardized patients (SPs). The aim of the current paper is to enhance evidence-based implementation of these new methods of education and examination by presenting the current evidence regarding the use of SPs and by pointing out areas for further research. Results: Results of recent studies demonstrate that SPs are able to present mental disorders authentically. Prerequisites are, among others, the selection of suitable SPs, detailed role scripts, specific training, feedback, and corrective training. Although some research questions, including the comparative effectiveness of SPs, remain unanswered, practice implications for using SPs in education, examination, and research can be drawn. These implications are illustrated schematically. Conclusions: The use of SPs has large potential for education in clinical psychology and for research on psychotherapy training. With a view to encouraging the widespread use of SPs, we provide exemplary materials (e.g., role script) within the online supplements (for all online suppl. material, see www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000510049).
Functional Capacity Predictors in Breast Cancer Women: a Cross-sectional Study

Purpose: Functional capacity (FC) declining has been poorly evaluated and characterized in women with breast cancer (BC). It is expected that FC declining may have an impact on survival, and also compromise quality of life and independence. This study aimed to evaluate the FC of women with BC and identify predictors of obtained results. Methods: A cross-sectional study including women with BC consecutively referred for a physical medicine and rehabilitation consult between October and December 2019. Glittre-ADL Test (TGlittre), maximal respiratory pressure tests [maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP)] and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale were used in order to assess FC, respiratory muscle strength and fatigue, respectively. Age, professional status, smoking habits, comorbidities, body mass index, duration and status of disease, previous and ongoing treatments were also registered. Results: A total of 42 women with non-metastatic BC were enrolled with a disease duration of 11.50 months (71), mostly in stage II (53.60%) and under hormone therapy (38.10%). TGlittre performance time was 3.13 minutes (8.72). TGlittre performance time correlated with MIP (r = -0.373; p <0.01) and MEP (r = -0.414; p = 0.007) values and age (r = 0.711; p < 0.010). Patients with CV and endocrine comorbidities had higher TGlittre time values (p <0.01 and p = 0.019, respectively). Age was the only statistically significant predictor (p=0.041) of TGlittre variation.Conclusions: Women with BC presented decreased FC with mean values ​​of TGlittre duration higher than those described in the literature in healthy subjects.