Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation of WO3/Mo/CrNi/TiO2 Composite Multifunctional Photothermal Conversion Films With Self-Cleaning and Low Emissivity

To improve the sunlight transmittance and infrared reflectivity, different membrane compositions are designed to realize self-cleaning and low emissivity of the membrane. The WO3/Mo/CrNi/TiO2 composite film was prepared by magnetron sputtering technology, and the complementary effect of these films with four different argon/oxygen ratios of TiO2 layer and different film thicknesses was analyzed. The microstructure characterization proves that the self-cleaning function of the composite film is determined by the photocatalytic properties and superhydrophilic properties of the TiO2.
Virtual Reality for Interactive Medical Analysis

Molecular imaging along with 3-dimensional (3-D) or 4-D (3-D spatial + 1-D temporal) visualization is widely used in clinical diagnosis and surgical planning. However, the pre-defined perspective and confined manipulation limit the in-depth exploration and analysis in 3-D/4-D. To overcome this obstacle, we utilized virtual reality (VR) to interact with CT images of the cardiopulmonary system in a 3-D immersive environment. We implemented manipulative functionalities into the VR environment that altered the cardiopulmonary models to interactively generate new data analysis perspectives. We successfully sliced a CT cardiac model showing in-depth surface visualizations of the ventricles and atria. Our customized framework enables enhanced data interpretation interactivity of CT images and establishes a user-directed manipulative VR platform derived from imaging results for remote medical practices including training, education, and investigation.
Root System Scale Models Significantly Overestimate Root Water Uptake at Drying Soil Conditions

Soil hydraulic conductivity (ksoil) drops significantly in dry soils, resulting in steep soil water potential gradients (ψs) near plant roots during water uptake. Coarse soil grid resolutions in root system scale (RSS) models of root water uptake (RWU) generally do not spatially resolve this gradient in drying soils which can lead to a large overestimation of RWU. To quantify this, we consider a benchmark scenario of RWU from drying soil for which a numerical reference solution is available. We analyze this problem using a finite volume scheme and investigate the impact of grid size on the RSS model results. At dry conditions, the cumulative RWU was overestimated by up to 300% for the coarsest soil grid of 4.0 cm and by 30% for the finest soil grid of 0.2 cm, while the computational demand increased from 19 s to 21 h. As an accurate and computationally efficient alternative to the RSS model, we implemented a continuum multi-scale model where we keep a coarse grid resolution for the bulk soil, but in addition, we solve a 1-dimensional radially symmetric soil model at rhizosphere scale around individual root segments. The models at the two scales are coupled in a mass-conservative way. The multi-scale model compares best to the reference solution (−20%) at much lower computational costs of 4 min. Our results demonstrate the need to shift to improved RWU models when simulating dry soil conditions and highlight that results for dry conditions obtained with RSS models of RWU should be interpreted with caution.
Variation of High and Low Nucleic Acid-Content Bacteria in Tibetan Ice Cores and Their Relationship to Black Carbon

Nutrient enrichment caused by black carbon (BC) is a major ecological crisis in glacial ecosystems. The microbiological effects of BC were assessed in this study by using fluorescent fingerprinting assay based on flow cytometry (FCM) of bacterial communities with low (LNA) and high (HNA) nucleic acid-content bacteria. Here, we investigated a high-resolution temporal variation of bacterial abundance and LNA/HNA ratio in Tibetan ice cores. Our results revealed that bacterial abundance was proportional to the atmospheric BC on the glaciers. The shift of LNA functional groups to HNA functional groups in glaciers suggested BC emissions increased the proportion of highly active cells. In addition, distinct number of LNA and HNA functional groups was identified between the monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. Westerly winds with high amounts of BC accounted for high ratio of HNA functional groups during the non-monsoon season. In comparison, high moisture during the monsoon season decreased atmospheric BC loading, which increases the ratio of LNA functional groups. Correlations between BC and functional groups were very strong, showing that two functional groups may serve as early-warning indicators of microbiological effects of BC at low trophic level. Our approach provides a potential early-warning framework to study the influences of atmospheric BC on the glaciological community.
Yunpi Qufeng Chushi Formula for Pre-Rheumatoid Arthritis: Study Protocol for a Multiple-Center, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive bone erosion on diarthrodial joints. RA patients usually experienced three stages before final diagnosis: the health period, the pre-clinical period (immune response exists without clinical symptoms), and the pre-RA period (immune response exists with mild inflammatory manifestation). Presently, there is seldom guidance referring to early intervention which is a benefit for stable disease conditions and low morbidity. Prophylactic treatment is a major feature of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this present study, a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is carried out to evaluate both efficacy and safety in preventing RA progression on Yunpi Qufeng Chushi formula (YQCF). Method: The multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is conducted in 13 hospitals nationwide. A total of 390 patients ages between 18 and 70 will be recruited in the trial. They will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (YQCF) and placebo group. The follow-up visit will be taken every 3 months from baseline to 1 year. Diagnosis, disease activity scores, clinical disease activity index (CDAI), simplified disease activity index (SDAI), TCM syndrome scores, and safety assessments will be recorded at every visit. Joint color doppler ultrasound, health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI), and functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-fatigue (FACIT-F) will be recorded at baseline and the last visit. Discussion: This work will provide evidence of YQCF in preventing RA progression. However, whether early intervention would benefit the controlling RA disease still needs a long-term follow-up. Ethics and dissemination: Protocol version 2 (201910-1). This research was approved by the medical ethics committee of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (2019-045). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed academic journal. Trial registration numbers: http://www.chictr. org.cn/index.aspx, ChiCTR1900024166.
Shotgun Proteomics Identifies Active Metabolic Pathways in Bleached Coral Tissue and Intraskeletal Compartments

Coral bleaching events are increasing with such frequency and intensity that many of the world’s reef-building corals are in peril. Some corals appear to be more resilient after bleaching but the mechanisms underlying their ability to recover from bleaching and persist are not fully understood. We used shotgun proteomics to compare the proteomes of the outer layer (OL) tissue and inner core (IC) tissue and skeleton compartments of experimentally bleached and control (i.e., non-bleached) colonies of Montipora capitata, a perforate Hawaiian species noted for its resilience after bleaching. We identified 2,361 proteins in the OL and IC compartments for both bleached and non-bleached individuals. In the OL of bleached corals, 63 proteins were significantly more abundant and 28 were significantly less abundant compared to the OL of non-bleached corals. In the IC of bleached corals, 22 proteins were significantly more abundant and 17 were significantly less abundant compared to the IC of non-bleached corals. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses revealed metabolic processes that were occurring in bleached corals but not in non-bleached corals. The OL of bleached corals used the glyoxylate cycle to derive carbon from internal storage compounds such as lipids, had a high protein turnover rate, and shifted reliance on nitrogen from ammonia to nitrogen produced from the breakdown of urea and betaine. The IC of bleached corals compartmentalized the shunting of glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway. Bleached corals increased abundances of several antioxidant proteins in both the OL and IC compartments compared to non-bleached corals. These results highlight contrasting strategies for responding to bleaching stress in different compartments of bleached M. capitata and shed light on some potential mechanisms behind bleaching resilience.
Revisiting the Green City Concept in the Tropical and Global South Cities Context: The Case of Indonesia

Urban areas play a key role in reaching global sustainability as they produce a high amount of waste and emissions, consume a lot of resources, and perform as the prime mover of the global economy. Unsustainable urbanization will generate multidimensional impacts on the earth’s socio-ecological system that is nearly impossible to be managed. As a preemptive action, urban sustainability has been considered as one of the most important targets in the Sustainable Development Goals. Within this context, the green city has emerged as a widely adopted concept around the globe. In the Global North, the concept of a green city has been incrementally developed as efforts to mainstream green infrastructure and nature-based solutions approaches in supporting ecosystem services. Quite the contrary, in the Global South cities, due to their rapid and vast urbanization process, the green city has been fragmentally adopted. Previous studies have proposed three factors, i.e., urbanization, biophysics, and governance, underlying the different approaches of green city development between cities in the Global North and South. Still, more studies are needed to explicate these factors and how these will in turn shape a particular green city trajectory in Global South cities. This study aims to respond to these questions based on green city experimentation in Indonesia. An exploratory study was done based on a literature review and participant observation. The results exhibit that the green city program in Indonesia largely focused on the development of green open spaces which has ultimately failed to improve the urban environment and sustainability. Incorporating local socio-ecological aspects coupled with integrated multi-level and multi-actors’ governance is recommended to increase the green city performances.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of CRF07_BC in China: A Population-Based Study of the HIV Strain With the Highest Infection Rates

The prevalence of CRF07_BC is 39.7% and has become the most infectious HIV strain in China. To study the transmission and diffusion trajectory of CRF07_BC in China and to prevent further expansion of its transmission. A total of 16,635 sequences of the CRF07_BC pol gene were collected from 1997-2020. We characterized the gene subtypes according to a phylogenetic tree analysis. A 0.50% molecular network was constructed to analyze the transmission relationship among different provinces for CRF07_BC and its two epidemic clusters. Spatial and temporal propagation characteristics were analyzed according to phylogeographic analysis. Finally, we evaluated the differences in transmission of CRF07_BC-O, and CRF07_BC-N. Our dataset included 8,816 sequences of CRF07_BC-N and 7,819 sequences of CRF07_BC-O. There were 7,132 CRF07_BC sequences in the molecular network, and the rate of clustered was 42.9%. Compared to CRF07_BC-O, CRF07_BC-N showed significantly (P<0.001) higher transmission-specific rates. CRF07_BC originated among injecting drug users (IDUs), and spread to men who have sex with men (MSMs) and heterosexual individuals (HETs), while MSMs also transmitted directly to HETs. CRF07_BC-O and CRF07_BC-N were prevalent in Xinjiang and Sichuan, respectively, before spreading interprovincially. In modern China, CRF07_BC-N occurs in five of the major economic zones. The CRF07_BC strain, which has contributed to the highest number of HIV infections in China, is divided into two epidemic clusters. Compared with CRF07_BC-O, risk of transmission is much greater in CRF07_BC-N, which is predominantly prevalent in economically developed provinces, and both MSMs and IDUs have transmitted this epidemic cluster to HETs. High-resolution, large-scale monitoring is a useful tool in assessing the trend and spread of the HIV epidemic. The rapidly developing economy of China requires an equally rapid response to the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
Transcriptome Co-expression Network and Metabolome Analysis Identifies Key Genes and Regulators of Proanthocyanidins Biosynthesis in Brown Cotton

Brown cotton fiber (BCF) is a unique raw material of naturally colored cotton (NCC). But characteristics of the regulatory gene network and metabolic components related to the proanthocyanidins biosynthesis pathway at various stages of its fiber development remain unclear. Here, the dynamic changes in proanthocyanidins biosynthesis components and transcripts in the BCF variety “Zong 1-61” and its white near-isogenic lines (NILs) “RT” were characterized at five fiber developmental stages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days post-anthesis; DPA). Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), comparison of metabolome differences, and pathway enrichment analysis of a weighted gene correlation network analysis together revealed the dominant gene expression of flavonoid biosynthesis (FB), phenylpropanoid metabolisms, and some carbohydrate metabolisms at 15 or 20 DPA than white cotton. Eventually, 63 genes were identified from five modules putatively related to FB. Three R2R3-MYB and two bHLH transcription factors were predicted as the core genes. Further, GhANS, GhANR1, and GhUFGT2 were preliminarily regulated by GhMYB46, GhMYB6, and GhMYB3, respectively, according to yeast one-hybrid assays in vitro. Our findings provide an important transcriptional regulatory network of proanthocyanidins biosynthesis pathway and dynamic flavonoid metabolism profiles.
Disturbance Induced Changes in Diversity of Medicinal Plants in a Dry Tropical Forest of India

Due to overexploitation for forest resources, many important medicinal plants are disappearing from the tropical dry forest (TDF) regions. The present study is aimed to investigate the diversity of medicinal plants exposed to different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in TDFs. For this study, we selected six forest regions, covering a radius of 25 km, and exposed to variable intensity of disturbances, in the form of illegal logging, cattle grazing and fire. Based on the intensity of three disturbances, we categorized the study sites as low (LDS) and high (HDS) disturbed sites, and analyzed differences in soil properties and vegetation parameters in the two disturbance categories. We recorded tree density, tree species richness and herbaceous species richness in 100 m2 quadrats at the selected regions. Results exhibited significantly greater soil organic C (LDS, 4.6%; HDS, 0.9%; P < 0.001), water holding capacity (LDS, 47.4%; HDS, 33.6%; P < 0.001), and sand content (LDS, 53.7%; HDS, 48.3%; P < 0.001) across LDS, whereas significantly higher bulk density (LDS, 1.30 gcm–3; HDS, 1.34 gcm–3; P < 0.05) and gravel content (LDS, 14.6%; HDS, 20.0%; P < 0.001) across HDS. We found considerable shift in relationships between vegetation parameters under the two disturbance regimes. The results indicated that many of the important medicinal plants (e.g., Adina cordifolia, Bauhinia vahlii, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Asparagus racemosus, Curculigo orchioides, Hemidesmus indicus, etc.) which are potential constituents of several ayurvedic preparations as well as of traditional medical systems are lacking from the HDS, either due to direct impact of disturbances or indirectly due to disturbance induced changes in soil properties. For instance, the high grazing pressure increased soil compaction, leading to increase in bulk density and decline in water holding capacity of soil. We suggest that forest managers take into consideration the presence of anthropogenic disturbances in their management and conservation efforts of medicinal plants in TDFs.
Founder Management and Innovation: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Based on the expanded theory of planned behavior, this study first explores the configuration relationship between founder management and innovation by using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Based on the theory of planned behavior, this study divides the behavior intention of founders into three categories: Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control. Using fsQCA, we found that there are two ways to achieve high innovation input of enterprises. In combination with the two ways, the factors such as male and highly educated founder, and large firm size can effectively increase the innovation input of firms, which is consistent with the three aspects of the behavioral intention of the theory of planned behavior, and it proves that the theory of planned behavior can effectively explain the configuration relation between the founder and firm innovation. In addition, this study finds that the innovation output is different from the innovation input, is dependent on the innovation ability of the firm itself, and is less influenced by the external environment.
Applied Hepatic Bioengineering: Modeling the Human Liver Using Organoid and Liver-on-a-Chip Technologies

The liver is the most important metabolic hub of endo and xenobiotic compounds. Pre-clinical studies using rodents to evaluate the toxicity of new drugs and cosmetics may produce inconclusive results for predicting clinical outcomes in humans, moreover being banned in the European Union. Human liver modeling using primary hepatocytes presents low reproducibility due to batch-to-batch variability, while iPSC-derived hepatocytes in monolayer cultures (2D) show reduced cellular functionality. Here we review the current status of the two most robust in vitro approaches in improving hepatocyte phenotype and metabolism while mimicking the hepatic physiological microenvironment: organoids and liver-on-chip. Both technologies are reviewed in design and manufacturing techniques, following cellular composition and functionality. Furthermore, drug screening and liver diseases modeling efficiencies are summarized. Finally, organoid and liver-on-chip technologies are compared regarding advantages and limitations, aiming to guide the selection of appropriate models for translational research and the development of such technologies.
Huoshanmycins A‒C, New Polyketide Dimers Produced by Endophytic Streptomyces sp. HS-3-L-1 From Dendrobium huoshanense

Three new polyketide dimers named huoshanmycins A‒C (1–3) were isolated from a plant endophytic Streptomyces sp. HS-3-L-1 in the leaf of Dendrobium huoshanense, which was collected from the Cultivation base in Jiuxianzun Huoshanshihu Co., Ltd. The dimeric structures of huoshanmycins were composed of unusual polyketides SEK43, SEK15, or UWM4, with a unique methylene linkage. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive 1D-/2D-NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data analysis. The cytotoxicity against MV4-11 human leukemia cell by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) method was evaluated using isolated compounds with triptolide as positive control (IC50: 1.1 ± 0.4 μM). Huoshanmycins A and B (1, 2) displayed moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 32.9 ± 7.2 and 33.2 ± 6.1 μM, respectively.
A Robust and Automated Spike Sorting Method based on the Density Peaks

Objective Extracellular electrical recording of neural activity is an essential tool in neuroscience, and spike sorting is a fundamental step to process the recordings. Thus it requires spike sorting algorithms to perform robustly in the face of noise and perturbation. A few algorithms have been proposed to overcome these challenges and difficulties. However, when noise level or waveform similarity becomes relatively high, their robustness still faces big challenges. Approach Here, we propose a spike sorting method, using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for feature extraction and Density Peaks (DP) for clustering. Since DP well adapts to the diverse distribution of spikes, LDA in our method can concentrate on features associated with clustering according to the feedback conveyed by DP and ignores the unassociated features. Through a combination of LDA and DP, our method can maintain a highly robust performance in various complex data situations. Main results In this study, we compete the proposed density-peaks-based framework with several algorithms. It has demonstrated its high level of sorting accuracy and cluster quality, and outperforms previously established methods in both simulated and real extracellular recordings. Significance Due to the rapid development of acquisition and recording technology, neuroscience involves more and more complex and precise signal analysis and decoding research, which makes it imperative to adopt one highly robust spike sorting method for preprocessing. Through evaluations, it has been explicitly shown that the proposed algorithm has strong robustness under high noise levels and high similarity of spike waveforms, and can meet research requirements.
How to be Helpful? Supportive Behaviors and Personalization for Human-Robot Collaboration

The field of Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) has seen a considerable amount of progress in recent years. Thanks in part to advances in control and perception algorithms, robots have started to work in increasingly unstructured environments, where they operate side by side with humans to achieve shared tasks. However, little progress has been made toward the development of systems that are truly effective in supporting the human, proactive in their collaboration, and that can autonomously take care of part of the task. In this work, we present a collaborative system capable of assisting a human worker despite limited manipulation capabilities, incomplete model of the task, and partial observability of the environment. Our framework leverages information from a high-level, hierarchical model that is shared between the human and robot and that enables transparent synchronization between the peers and mutual understanding of each other’s plan. More precisely, we firstly derive a partially observable Markov model from the high-level task representation; we then use an online Monte-Carlo solver to compute a short-horizon robot-executable plan. The resulting policy is capable of interactive replanning on-the-fly, dynamic error recovery, and identification of hidden user preferences. We demonstrate that the system is capable of robustly providing support to the human in a realistic furniture construction task.