Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spiked shear vane — a new tool for measuring peatland top layer strength

The trafficability of peatland with vegetation usually relies on the reinforcing effect of plants and their roots in the top layer, typically reaching from 0 to 250 mm. The strength of the decomposed peat layer below the top layer is usually inadequate for vehicular traffic and the environmental impact of breaking the top layer is often considered unacceptable. This is especially true in forestry applications, where gross vehicle mass may reach 35 t. Measuring the peatland top layer, also called the root mat, strength for field experiments has been a problem in the past. Such a measuring device should preferably be manually operated or light enough to be transported manually, and, most importantly, it should be capable of detecting the combined strength of the single reinforcing elements in the root mat. Many tools designed for mineral soils fail to fulfil these requirements. The blades of a conventional shear vane (Kogure et al. 1988), shear annulus (Bekker 1969) or vane-cone (Yong & Youssef 1978) effectively cut the reinforcing root mat, and are thus unable to measure its full intact strength. The cone of a penetrometer (ASAE. 2006) is, due to its form and size, prone to find its way through the root mat without breaking the essential plant parts and measuring their contribution to its strength (Yong et al. 1984, Ala-Ilomäki et al. 2011). Plate load devices have been successfully used on peatland, yet manually operated versions tend to be cumbersome (Lee & Jarret 1978) and motorised ones are normally mounted on a vehicular platform (Bekker 1969, Alger 1988, Wong 1989, Ala-Ilomäki 2006). Both approaches result in limitations for many field study applications. The aim of this work was to develop a manual portable tool for measuring the strength of peatland root mat for trafficability and mobility studies, and to test its applicability.
HABC: HYBRID ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY FOR GENERATING VARIABLE T-WAY TEST SETS

Exhaustive testing of occurred interaction amongst components (i.e., parameters and values) of a software system is usually impossible due to some factors such as the restriction of budget and time. One of the effective software testing techniques used for detecting faults of interactions between components is combinatorial testing (CT). CT is a black box testing technique, used to find the mistakes among components of a software system in a systematic and effective way. However, CT is highly complex (NP-hard). The input variables for a real-world software may diverge in how they strongly influence variable strength (VS) interaction can achieve that effectively. This paper proposed a hybrid artificial bee colony (HABC) strategy based on the hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm and practical swarm optimization to generate optimal test suite of variable strength interaction. PSO was integrated as the exploitation agent for the ABC hence the hybrid nature. The information sharing ability of PSO via the Weight Factor is used to enhance the performance of ABC. The output of the hybrid HABC is a set of promising optimal test set combinations. Through several benchmark experiments, HABC proved the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The HABC has achieved 76.31 % better result than most of the compared strategies.
Antioxidant Activities of Betalains Extracts Add to Doughnut During Storage and the Role of Red Beet Ingestion on Anemia in Rats

The present study was carried out to evaluate the concentration of betalain,in red beet root by adding betalain extract to doughnut as a source of natural colorants, food additives, natural antioxidants and study the role of red beet ingestion on anemia in rats. Chemical composition, some mineral, total phenol, flavonoid contents and total betalains of red beet was determined. Also chemical composition of doughnut made from wheat flour with betalain extract fresh and after storage for 4 weeks was determined. Evaluation of antioxidant activity on lipids extracted from doughnut as measured by using acids and peroxide values at zero time and after storage 4 week . Microbial count of doughnut during storage 4 weeks was determined. On the other hand study the role of red beet ingestion on anemia in rats. This study was conducted on twenty albino male rats classified into four groups (n=5). The first group kept as normal group (control -ve), other three groups administered a single dose of phenyl hydrazine injection 40 mg/kg/day for two days, then rats classified into three groups one as a control positive (+ve) (untreated) and two groups treated with red beet juice at ratio 2 and 5ml respectively by stomaic tube daily. The study assigned for four weeks. The results showed that red beet has high levels of P, K, Mg and Ca values were 87.8, 681.3, 57.9 and 44.7 mg/100 g. In addition, it contains Fe (2.12) and Se (1.66) mg/100 g on dry weight. The results recorded that total phenol was (879.3) and flavonoid was (223.4) mg/100g on dry weight. It contained betalain 352.8mg/100g on wet weight. the results reveled that peroxide value was decreased in Journal of Home Economics, Volume 25, Number (4), 2015 2 doughnut treated with betalain extracts 5ml and 2ml. The results showed significant increase in hemoglobin noticed in rats groups treated with red beet 2 and 5ml which reached 10.9 and 11.7g/dl respectively. Also significant increase in RBCs was noticed of rats groups treated with red beet root 2 and 5ml. The results showed significant decrease in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-c, VLDL-c levels and a significant increase in HDL-c level was observed in rats treated with red beet compared with positive control.
Isolation, Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Estimate the Molecular Weight of the Enzyme

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from injuries of wounds and burned patient to ensure that the isolate was belonging to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, several tests are performed such as staining techniques, biochemical test, morphological, Vitek 2 system and sensitivity test. The gram stain test results showed rod pink gram negative bacteria, these findings served as a proof that the isolate was belong to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Growth optimization of bacterial were done by assessing different combination of pH and temperatures. It is revealed that the best conditions for increasing the number of bacteria achieved at 37°C with bacterial number of 5.53×10 and pH 6 with bacterial number of 5.87×10. Fibrinolytic enzyme is agent that lysis fibrin clots. This fibrinolytic factor has prospective use to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and heart attack. Cardiovascular diseases attracted worldwide attention for its elevation morbidity and mortality. Fibrinolytic enzyme was extracted by centrifugation at 10000 × g for 10 min in 4°C, supernatant was taking and the pellet having bacterial cells was discarding. Purification of the fibrinolytic enzyme was achieved by using salt precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtrations chromatographic techniques. The results showed that, the gel filtration chromatography has optimal specific activity and purification fold at 562.6 U/ml, the final specific activity of the purified enzyme increased 4.1 times. The molecular weight of the fibrinolytic enzyme was determined as 26 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. The purified fibrinolytic enzyme has optimum activity in pH 7 and 40°C. The pH stability for the enzyme activity found in pH 6–7 and range of 10°C from 30° to 40°C. Keyword: Characterization, Isolation, Identification, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Fibrinolytic enzyme
THE CHALLENGES FACED BY EDUCATION IN SOLVING THE UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM IN SOUTH AFRICA

This study is based on a meta-interpretive research design aimed at finding possible answers to an enduring dilemma facing South Africa. South Africa has one of the highest unemployment rates in the world, higher even than those of most of the emerging economies. The structural analysis of unemployment in South Africa presented in this article suggests the existence of an extremely high incidence of youth unemployment, in an environment where certain high level skills are in short supply. The author first analyses the structural nature of the unemployment problem in South Africa and then posit the conundrum of unemployment amidst a serious skills shortage. The skill shortage is discussed in terms of some of the current and projected needs of the economy. The question arises as to why education cannot produce the type of skills needed in the quantity and quality expected to satisfy the needs of the economy and thereby aid economic growth and development. To answer this question, the author analyses the education system pointing out certain systemic problems that work against the production of the kind of skilled workers of the quality and quantity needed. He starts by showing the poor literacy and numeracy levels of primary school children compared to children in other countries. Secondly, the author shows how large numbers of learners drop out of the school system and how those who complete the twelve years of schooling end up with low achievement levels in the subject areas that could have offered them the skills and knowledge to capitalize on the skills shortage. Finally, he looks at the post-school system and its failure to produce the required high level skills. Based on the analysis presented, the author comes to the conclusion that education in its current shape and form will not solve the unemployment problem in South Africa. Key words: education, human resource development, quality education, skills shortage, unemployment.
Society and Intelligence

There are large between-country differences in measures of economic well-being and noneconomic well-being (democracy, rule of law, human rights, health) – but why? Many researchers from diverse disciplines view increasing the stock of human capital as the key to raising economic development, promoting democratization, and improving health, and hence improving overall societal well-being. The single most studied aspect of human capital concerns cognitive competence – the capacity to assess and solve problems by the use of thinking (intelligence), to acquire, to possess and use knowledge. Some have suggested that differences in population cognitive competence might explain these societal differences (e.g., Hanushek & Woessmann, 2008; Hart, 2007; Kanazawa, 2006; McDaniel, 2006). At the individual level, cognitive competence is broadly believed to increase productivity and quality in many realms (employment, child rearing, health and political decisions, to name a few). Substantial correlations between schooling attainment (i.e., highest completed school grade or level) and these societal and individual outcomes have been interpreted to support the proposition that cognitive competence, the best-known measures of which are psychometric intelligence tests, is influenced by schooling, and in turn drives international differences in health, wealth, and modernity. Understanding the processes by which cognitive dimensions of human capital are fostered represents a key issue of our time. Unsurprisingly, many researchers have toiled on this issue in recent years, focusing on the relationship between transnational gaps in cognitive competence and international differences in wealth, longevity, democratization, and so on. For example, there are hundreds of empirical studies that are interpreted as showing the impact of cognitive and other skills obtained through education on wages or incomes; the vast majority of them use schooling attainment to represent these skills (see Psacharopolous & Patrinos, 2004). A small number instead use direct measures of adult cognitive skills (e.g., Alderman et al., 1996; Boissiere, Knight, & Sabot, 1985;
Scale development: Assessment of gifted preschoolers

Human intelligence and talent are notions that have been studied in various disciplines like psychology and education overtime. Developing better understanding on these concepts pass through self-exploration of mankind and researchers use fundamental and complex scientific process skills in this process. In this regard, the study aims at developing a measurement tool by which indicators of gifted and talented students can be observed in a valid and reliable way. The research hypothesized four factored giftedness structures and then following technical operations and statistical computations were performed. Item poll was created after an extended literature review and analysis of existing evaluation scales. Items were revised, modified, improved and probable problematic ones were discarded throughout pilot study, and final template of the scale was obtained. Data was collected from 258 preschool/kindergarten children in Antalya province. Findings revealed sufficient and strong evidence for validity and reliability that the measurement tool developed was theoretically supported and a good measure of giftedness.
Optimization of data allocation in hierarchical memory for blocked shortest paths algorithms

This paper is devoted to the reduction of data transfer between the main memory and direct mapped cache for blocked shortest paths algorithms (BSPA), which represent data by a D[M×M] matrix of blocks. For large graphs, the cache size S = δ×M2, δ < 1 is smaller than the matrix size. The cache assigns a group of main memory blocks to a single cache block. BSPA performs multiple recalculations of a block over one or two other blocks and may access up to three blocks simultaneously. If the blocks are assigned to the same cache block, conflicts occur among the blocks, which imply active transfer of data between memory levels. The distribution of blocks on groups and the block conflict count strongly depends on the allocation and ordering of the matrix blocks in main memory. To solve the problem of optimal block allocation, the paper introduces a block conflict weighted graph and recognizes two cases of block mapping: non-conflict and minimum-conflict. In first case, it formulates an equitable color-class-size constrained coloring problem on the conflict graph and solves it by developing deterministic and random algorithms. In second case, the paper formulates a problem of weighted defective color-count constrained coloring of the conflict graph and solves it by developing a random algorithm. Experimental results show that the equitable random algorithm provides an upper bound of the cache size that is very close to the lower bound estimated over the size of a complete subgraph, and show that a non-conflict matrix allocation is possible at δ = 0.5 for M = 4 and at δ = 0.1 for M = 20. For a low cache size, the weighted defective algorithm gives the number of remaining conflicts that is up to 8.8 times less than the original BSPA gives. The proposed model and algorithms are applicable to set-associative cache as well.
Covid-19: the place for women in pandemic response in the EU

Women have been disproportionately penalized by the pandemic undermining or reverting recent equality progress rendering the mainstreaming of gender parity crucial for an inclusive recovery. The European Union provides a well-defined case to assess the saliency and cross-country heterogeneity of gender mainstreaming in the recovery. Its commonly financed recovery plan Next Generation EU (NGEU) embodies gender equality among its priorities, on the basis of which Member State drafted National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs). Our analysis exploits the NRRPs for a cross-country comparison of the saliency of gender through a mixed-method assessment complementing automated text analysis of the NRRPs with qualitative case studies. Findings show limited saliency of gender parity within national recovery investment and reform strategies, with substantial geographical differences favouring more gender-equal countries. Results highlight (heterogeneously) limited prioritization of gender equality across the EU risking widening gaps as a legacy of Covid-19.
The complete chloroplast genome of Camellia osmantha, an edible oil Camellia

Abstract Camellia osmantha is a new species of the Camellia genus discovered in Nanning, Guangxi, China, in 2012. It can be used as an excellent woody oil crop. There is little related research on this species in China and abroad, and its genome information is still lacking. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. osmantha was first reported (GenBank number: MZ128138). The whole chloroplast genome is 156,981 bp in length with a GC content of 37.28%, and it is composed of a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,647 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,284 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,025 bp each. The genome contains a total of 135 functional genes, including 37 transfer RNA genes, 90 protein-coding genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. The maximum likelihood analysis based on 21 chloroplast genomes showed that C. osmantha and C. oleifera (MF541730.2) were the most closely related.
Reduced cytotoxicity of polyethyleneimine by covalent modification of antioxidant and its application to microalgal transformation

ABSTRACT The conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals is an effective strategy for combating augmented concentrations of carbon dioxide in the environment. Microalgae photosynthetically produce valuable chemicals that are used as biofuels, sources for industrial materials, medicinal leads, and food additives. Thus, improvements in microalgal technology via genetic engineering may prove to be promising for the tailored production of novel metabolites. For the transformation of microalgae, nucleic acids such as plasmid DNA (pDNA) are delivered into the cells using physical and mechanical techniques, such as electroporation, bombardment with DNA-coated microprojectiles, and vortexing with glass beads. However, owing to the electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged cell walls and nucleic acids, the delivery of nucleic acids into the microalgal cells is challenging. To solve this issue, in this study, we investigated microalgal transformation via electroporation using polyplexes with linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) and pDNA. However, the high toxicity of LPEI decreased the transformation efficiency in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. We revealed that the toxicity of LPEI was due to oxidative stress resulting from the cellular uptake of LPEI. To suppress the toxicity of LPEI, an antioxidant, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), was covalently conjugated with LPEI; the conjugate was named as TEMPO-LPEI. Interestingly, with a cellular uptake tendency similar to that of LPEI, TEMPO-LPEI dramatically decreased oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Electroporation using polyplexes of TEMPO-LPEI and pDNA enhanced the transformation efficiency, compared to those treated with bare pDNA and polyplexes of LPEI/pDNA. This result indicates that polycations conjugated with antioxidants could be useful in facilitating microalgal transformation. Graphical abstract
Association between inter-leg blood pressure difference and cardiovascular outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Although the inter-arm blood pressure (BP) difference has been advocated to be associated with cardiovascular events, the implication of inter-leg BP difference has not been well established. This study was conducted to investigate whether inter-arm and -leg BP differences have prognostic value in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods In this prospective study, we consecutively enrolled 667 patients who underwent PCI. Both arm and leg BPs were measured at the day after PCI. The primary outcome was a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) including cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, coronary revascularization, stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure during the follow-up period. Results Mean age was 64.0±11.1 years old, and males were predominant (70.5%). During a mean follow-up period of 3.0 years, MACE occurred in 209 (31.3%) patients. The inter-leg systolic BP difference (ILSBPD) was significantly higher in patients with MACE than those without (9.9±12.3 vs. 7.2±7.5 mmHg, P = 0.004). The inter-arm systolic BP difference was not significantly different between patients with and without MACE (P = 0.403). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, increased ILSBPD was independently associated with the development of MACE (per 5 mmHg; hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.14). The inter-arm systolic BP difference was not associated with MACE in the multivariable analysis. Conclusion Increased ILSBPD was independently associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes after PCI. As ILSBPD is easy to measure, it may be helpful in the risk stratification of patients undergoing PCI.
Identifying disease-gene associations using a convolutional neural network-based model by embedding a biological knowledge graph with entity descriptions

Understanding the role of genes in human disease is of high importance. However, identifying genes associated with human diseases requires laborious experiments that involve considerable effort and time. Therefore, a computational approach to predict candidate genes related to complex diseases including cancer has been extensively studied. In this study, we propose a convolutional neural network-based knowledge graph-embedding model (KGED), which is based on a biological knowledge graph with entity descriptions to infer relationships between biological entities. As an application demonstration, we generated gene-interaction networks for each cancer type using gene-gene relationships inferred by KGED. We then analyzed the constructed gene networks using network centrality measures, including betweenness, closeness, degree, and eigenvector centrality metrics, to rank the central genes of the network and identify highly correlated cancer genes. Furthermore, we evaluated our proposed approach for prostate, breast, and lung cancers by comparing the performance with that of existing approaches. The KGED model showed improved performance in predicting cancer-related genes using the inferred gene-gene interactions. Thus, we conclude that gene-gene interactions inferred by KGED can be helpful for future research, such as that aimed at future research on pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases, and contribute to the field of disease treatment discovery.
High-performance flexible transparent micro-supercapacitors from nanocomposite electrodes encapsulated with solution processed MoS2 nanosheets

ABSTRACT Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets have emerged as a promising material for transparent, flexible micro-supercapacitors, but their use in electrodes is hindered by their poor electrical conductivity and cycling stability because of restacking. In this paper, we report a novel electrode architecture to exploit electrochemical activity of MoS2 nanosheets. Electrochemically exfoliated MoS2 dispersion was spin coated on mesh-like silver networks encapsulated with a flexible conducting film exhibiting a pseudocapacitive behavior. MoS2 nanosheets were electrochemically active over the whole electrode surface and the conductive layer provided a pathway to transport electrons between the MoS2 and the electrolyte. As the result, the composite electrode achieved a large areal capacitance (89.44 mF cm−2 at 6 mA cm−2) and high energy and power densities (12.42 µWh cm−2 and P = 6043 µW cm−2 at 6 mA cm−2) in a symmetric cell configuration with 3 M KOH solution while exhibiting a high optical transmittance of ~80%. Because the system was stable against mechanical bending and charge/discharge cycles, a flexible micro-supercapacitor that can power electronics at different bending states was realized. Graphical abstract