Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Milk fatty acids : Mammary synthesis could limit transfer from duodenum in cows

This study reports a quantitative analysis of two experiments comparing the effects of different dietary forage/concentrate ratios and lipid supplements on cow lipid digestion and milk fatty acid (FA) secretion. We studied, on an individual cow basis, the relationship between digestive variables [fiber intake and duodenal 18-carbon (C 18 ) FA flows], plasma FA content, milk FA yield and composition. Milk short- and medium-chain FA (C 4 -C 16 ) secretion depended mainly on additive effects of dietary fiber intake and lipid supplementation level. For high-lipid diets (3-5% oil in dry matter intake), milk C 18 secretion was proportional to C 4 -C 16 secretion, independently of C 18 dietary supply. For the low-forage high-lipid diet, C 4 -C 16 secretion apparently limited C 18 secretion, which represented only 36% of absorbed C 18 , compared to 79% with a high-forage high-lipid diet (higher C 4 -C 16 secretion). Despite these high variations in total C 18 secretion, the composition of milk C 18 was not significantly different, within cows, from the duodenal C 18 composition, when substrates and products of A-9 desaturase were summed. Mammary desaturation activity (expressed in mol/day) was a linear function of the estimated mammary uptake of the substrates, and this endogenous production represented more than 75% of the milk secretion of the A-9 desaturated products.
Identification of Chemical Clusters Discriminators of Arabica and Robusta Green Coffee

The chemical parameters pH, soluble solids, caffeine, trigonelline, total chlorogenic acids, total caffeoylquinic acids, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, total dicaffeoylquinic acids, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, total feruloylquinic acids, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid were measured in Arabica (C. arabica) and Robusta (C. canephora) green coffees in order to determine discrimination parameters. In general, Robusta green coffee showed higher values for pH, soluble solids, caffeine, total caffeoylquinic acids, total dicaffeoylquinic acid, and total feruloylquinic acid, but the content of soluble solids was not significantly different in both species of green coffee. Through application of a multivariate analysis, it was concluded that these chemicals form three clusters, being the group of caffeine, trigonelline, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid highly discriminating for Arabica and Robusta green coffees.
Multiple perpetrator crime: examining the impact of cognitive load during memory retrieval on eyewitness testimony during multiple perpetrator crimes

Eyewitnesses are a very important part of police investigations and they play a prominent role in the criminal justice system. Judges and jurors hold what eyewitnesses say in high regard and, for this reason, eyewitness identifications have a large impact on who gets charged with a crime. There are, however, several factors that can hinder the eyewitness’ ability to make an accurate identification. Psychological research shows that eyewitness identifications are often erroneous and problematic. Most of the current research investigating facial recognition and identification, addresses only the recognition of a single person. This is problematic because most realworld crime situations involve multiple perpetrators. Furthermore, the effects of cognitive load during memory retrieval during multiple perpetrator crimes are understudied. It is known that cognitive load effects the encoding of memories of multiple perpetrators, but such effects on memory retrieval are unknown. Thus, this study sought to examine the effects of cognitive load during memory retrieval on eyewitness testimony during multiple perpetrator crime. Further, it hoped to determine if the human brain becomes overloaded when there are too many factors impacting memory retrieval. Participants were recruited from introductory psychology classes, where they watched a brief video containing four target faces. Following a twentyminute delay, participants were given a lineup identification task, with cognitive load manipulated throughout each condition. Results demonstrated that cognitive load did not influence lineup selection, however target presence was unsurprisingly an impactful factor. In target present lineups, the suspect was more likely to be selected, and in target absent lineups, the lineup was more likely to be rejected.
Behavioural Self-Soothing as a Mediator of Romantic Attachment and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

Romantic attachment is experienced differently by individuals because of variations in their attachment relationship histories. Compared to attachment security, insecurity best predicts the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies such as engaging in risky or problem behaviours to cope with distress (Cooper, Shaver, & Collins, 1998). However, few empirical works have been conducted on the relation between romantic attachment and risky behaviours such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI; Kimball & Diddams, 2007). The aim of the current study is to assess the mediational role of behavioural self-soothing, an emotion regulating strategy, on romantic attachment and NSSI in young adults. Participants consisted of 1055 university students in a romantic relationship, ranging in age from 17-25 years old. Results showed that insecure romantic attachment was linked to fewer behavioural self-soothing skills, which in turn resulted in more NSSI behaviours, confirming our mediational model. Differences among men and women are discussed.
Cell Surface Radiolabeling and Electrophoretic Analysis of Glycoproteins Exposed at the Blood-Sinusoidal Surface of Rat Hepatocytes

Plasma membrane glycoproteins of rat hepatocytes that had been exposed to subendothelial spaces of Disse were selectively radiolabeled by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride after oxidation with neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase. The labeled glycoproteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and located by fluorography.Selective treatment with galactose oxidase and neuraminidase of glycoproteins and glycolipids exposed to spaces of Disse was made possible by perfusion of rat liver with an oxygenated phosphate-buffered saline containing the enzymes. After the perfusion, the blood-sinusoidal plasma membrane of hepatocytes was isolated from both the microsomal and nuclear pellets by the method of Touster et al. (J. Cell Biol. (1970) 47, 604-618). The carbon-6 aldehydes present in the plasma membrane subfraction were reduced back to galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine with tritiated borohydride.One-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate resolved many 3H-labeled components ; none of these components was labeled to a significant degree when galactose oxidase was not added to the perfusion medium. About forty [3H]glycoproteins were resolved by twodimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to the method of Imada et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1978) 507, 459-469). These [3H]glycoproteins were fractionated by a modification of O'Farrell's method.
Fitorreguladores de crescimento e capação na cultura algodoeira

Estudaram-se, em dez experimentos de campo, os efeitos dos seguintes fitorreguladores de crescimento e da capacao na cultura algodoeira: cloreto de clorocolina, aplicado na dose de 50 g/ha; cloreto de chlormequat, 100 g/ha e cloreto de mepiquat, 100 g/ha. A capacao foi realizada manualmente, planta por planta, na mesma epoca da aplicacao dos fitorreguladores, aos 60-70 dias da emergencia das plantas. O delineamento estatistico foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repeticoes e, a variedade utilizada, a IAC 19. Para a avaliacao dos resultados de producao e altura de plantas, efetuaram-se dois agrupamentos de ensaios, sendo um com maior e outro com menor desenvolvimento, ou seja: plantas em parcelas testemunhas com altura superior e inferior a 100 cm respectivamente. As demais caracteristicas agronomicas e tecnologicas da fibra foram analisadas em um so grupo. Para o grupo de plantas com maior desenvolvimento, foi obtido, em media, um aumento de 16,3 e 8,4%, respectivamente, para o tratamento com capacao e aplicacao de fitorreguladores. O fitorregulador proporcionou, em media, reducao de 12,1% na altura das plantas e a capacao, em media, 20,8%. Os fitorreguladores, indistintamente, proporcionaram aumento de peso do tapulho e das sementes, enquanto, com a pratica da capacao, nao se verificou esse efeito. A aplicacao de cloreto de clorocolina resultou em menor porcentagem de fibra do que o cloreto de mepiquat.
Induction of intracellular ceramide by interleukin‐1β in oligodendrocytes

The sphingomyelin pathway has been implicated in mediating the effect of several extracellular agents leading to important biochemical and cellular changes. The aim of this investigation is to study interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) signaling in oligodendrocytes. For this purpose, the CG4 oligodendrocyte cells were differentiated and incubated with IL‐1β. This treatment induced a time‐ and dose‐dependent increase of the endocellular ceramide. To mimic the effect of the elevation of endogenous ceramide, the CG4 cells were treated with the ceramide analogue C2‐ceramide. Cell survival, measured with the MTT assay, showed that, by increasing the concentration of ceramide, up to 40% of CG4 cells were dying within 6 h, similar data were obtained with the primary differentiated oligodendrocytes. Condensation of chromatin, nuclear fragmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies indicated that apoptosis was the cause of death. Surprisingly, long‐term exposure (72 h) to increasing concentrations of IL‐1β, which increases intracellular ceramide, did not induce oligodendroglial cell death. These results show that an increase of intracellular ceramide is not sufficient to induce apoptosis in oligodendrocytes and that IL‐1β signaling through the ceramide pathway in these cells can mediate functions other than programmed cell death. J. Cell Biochem. 66:532–541, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beta-Galactosidase-Producing Thermophilic Bacterium, Thermus thermophilus KNOUC114: Identification of the Bacterium, Gene and Properties of Beta-Galactosidase

A Beta-galactosidase-producing bacterium, strain KNOUC114 isolated from a hot spring was identified, and its gene of Beta-galactosidase and properties of the enzyme were studied. The strain KNOUC114 showed typical properties of genus Thermus with phenotypic characteristics of rod-shape (0.2x3.5 um), Gram negative, non-motile, endospore not observed, forming yellow-pigmented colonies, growing aerobically and optimally at 68-70 oC. The strain could grow at the temperature above 80 oC, which is a typical characteristic of Thermus thermophilus. The main cellular fatty acids of KNOUC114 were isobranched-C17:00 and C15:00 fatty acids that are the predomonant acyl chains of the strains of genus Thermus. In pylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence, the strain KNOUC114 was finally identified as Thermus thermophilus species, and named as Thermus thermophilus KNOUC114. The Beta-galactosidase gene of KNOUC114 (KNOUC114 Beta-gal) was cloned and expressed in Eschericia coli. KNOUC114 Beta-gal was composed of 1938bp encoding 645 a.a with deduced MW. of 72,784 dalton. The purified recombinant Beta-galactosidase of KNOUC114 (KNOUC114 Beta-gal) reacted optimally at pH 5.7 and 85 oC, possessed good activity at the pH of raw milk and the temperature of HTST for raw milk, and was stable at the temperature of HTST and at the pH of raw milk, meaning that KNOUC114 Beta-gal is suitable to be used for hydrolyzation of lactose in raw milk during HTST pasteurization of raw milk.
BEHAVIOUR, WELFARE, HUSBANDRY AND ENVIRONMENT

There is evidence that, throughout the whole range of practical environmental temperatures, laying hens have physiological responses that affect their productive performance. Although 21oC is often considered a suitable ambient temperature for laying hens, the optimum economic temperature is a variable that will depend upon the economic conditions that prevail for a specific egg unit and the changes in productive performance due to changing the temperature. There is a need for a precise description of the relative changes in egg laying characteristics of hens with changing ambient temperature to enable individual egg producers to decide upon their ideal temperatures. The objectives of this study were to describe quantitatively the relationship between different constant environmental temperatures and the egg production characteristics of laying hens by a statistical analysis and assessment of the published literature. A detailed literature search was conducted for all published experiments in which two or more constant temperatures had been maintained for at least 3 weeks. The experiments selected had to include 21oC within their temperature treatment range and at least one temperature had to be within ±3oC of 21oC. A total of 39 published experiments were found that had used a total of 52,081 birds and examined a range of temperatures from 3 to 35oC. There were large variations between experiments in the egg production characteristics of the laying hens, so the temperature treatment differences were described as a proportion of the treatment group within that experiment that were kept at 21oC. Regression analyses were conducted on these data using temperature as the explanatory variable. Linear, quadratic and exponential models were fitted to the data sets and the model that gave the lowest residual standard deviation was selected to describe the temperature responses. The results obtained showed that increases in environmental temperature resulted in relatively small decreases in all measured variables (except feed conversion ratio) until a critical temperature was reached. Thereafter, there were large decreases in these egg production variables. The lowest residual standard deviations for these relationships were obtained using an exponential model with the addition of a linear trend (P<0·001) :
A simplified method for characterising agronomic services provided by species-rich grasslands

In order to encourage farmers and their advisors to promote species-rich grasslands, the agronomic services they can provide should be demonstrated. Methods based on functional ecology are promising, but difficult to use in an applied context. Thus, we aimed to construct a simplified method, tailored for non-researchers, for assessing grassland agronomic services. We assess them by focusing on the grass species that was coupled to a leaf dry matter content (LDMC) database. These simplifications are supported by several hypotheses tested in our paper: (i) trade-offs between agronomic properties; (ii) mass ratio hypothesis; and (iii) functional convergence and divergence between grass and dicotyledonous species. The results were based on 37 vegetation records taken in the south of France (central Pyrenees, from 650 to 1250 m. a.s.l.) for calculating the proportion of grass species and the aggregated LDMC of grass species (LDMCgw), weighting species values by their abundance. LDMC of grass species was taken from field measurements and from a database. The two methods were compared. The latter avoids tedious field measurements, and we found that it was at least as good as the former for assessing agronomic productivity and quality, and the same was true for a LDMC diversity index. Reducing the list of grass species to the two dominant ones did not significantly alter the LDMCgw. There were significant differences between the grass and dicotyledonous components coexisting within a plant community for the digestibility of the plant components (higher for dicots) and in the date at which ceiling yield occurred (earlier for dicots), but no significant effect for productivity. For assessing agronomic services, we proposed corrections based on the grass : dicotyledon ratio. The hypotheses used for designing the method were verified. Finally, agronomic services such as herbage productivity and quality provided by species-rich grasslands can be evaluated by recording dominant grass species and the proportion of grass in the herbage. However, taking account of the difference in sensitivity to the environment for agronomic properties and plant species composition, the main use of the method is for ranking plant communities within a given area and a given year, rather than for providing absolute values of these agronomic properties.
Waterpixels

Many approaches for image segmentation rely on a first low-level segmentation step, where an image is partitioned into homogeneous regions with enforced regularity and adherence to object boundaries. Methods to generate these superpixels have gained substantial interest in the last few years, but only a few have made it into applications in practice, in particular because the requirements on the processing time are essential but are not met by most of them. Here, we propose waterpixels as a general strategy for generating superpixels which relies on the marker controlled watershed transformation. We introduce a spatially regularized gradient to achieve a tunable tradeoff between the superpixel regularity and the adherence to object boundaries. The complexity of the resulting methods is linear with respect to the number of image pixels. We quantitatively evaluate our approach on the Berkeley segmentation database and compare it against the state-of-the-art.
Analysis of variation in leaf and twig characters of Abies lasiocarpa and A. amabilis from north-coastal British Columbia

To investigate the extent and causes of natural variation within and among populations of Abies amabilis and Abies lasiocarpa collected from north-coastal British Columbia, morphological and anatomical data were analyzed using principal components analysis, canonical analysis, and regression analysis. The results indicate that hybridization does not occur between these two species, even in areas modified by natural or artificial disturbance. Within A. lasiocarpa there is an indication of evolutionary divergence of populations correlated with latitude and (or) local environmental conditions. Specimens of A. lasiocarpa and A. amabilis collected from a lava bed were found to be differentiated from forest-grown populations, apparently as a result of either phenotypic plasticity or local selection pressures affecting the survival of newly established seedlings. Regression analysis demonstrated that twig periderm thickness in A. amabilis correlates significantly with altitude suggesting the presence of clinal v.
Improvement of the desorption of the pesticide 2,4-D via complexation with HP-β-cyclodextrin.

Inclusion complex formation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) has been proposed as a way of modifying the behaviour of the pesticide in the soil environment. The present study assesses the effect of complex formation on 2,4-D physicochemical properties (aqueous solubility, crystallinity and dissolution rate) and its behaviour on soils. The solid complexes were prepared using different methods (spray drying, kneading and heating in a sealed container). To confirm the complex formation in the solid state differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques were employed. Complex formation in solution was studied by phase solubility. The presence of HP-β-CD increased the 2,4-D solubility nine times approximately. The apparent stability constant was determined as 98.6 M -1 . The dissolution rates of the 2,4-D/HP-β-CD complexes were examined and compared with that of the pure pesticide. The results indicated that the complex may have great utility as a rapid way of dissolving the pesticide. Batch experiments were performed to study the adsorption-desorption of 2,4-D on soils and the influence of the HP-β-CD over these processes. The results showed that HP-β-CD could increase the desorption of 2,4-D previously adsorbed on soils.
Power Quality Conditioners for Railway Traction—a Review

Railway traction is a more stochastic heavy load connected system. Due to the usage of ac-dc converters and ac-ac converters, the various power quality issues become the major problems in the electric system. This paper presents a review on power quality conditioners suitable for Railway traction based on the configuration, components involved and on the technical and economic considerations. More than 120 publications are listed in the reference for quick review.
The life history of Liagora harveyana (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) from South-eastern Australia

Spores collected at Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia from plants of the red alga Liagora harveyana Zeh (“L. harveyiana”) forming quadripartite carposporangia, gave rise in culture to uniaxial, prostrate, filamentous plants. These formed monosporangia and regularly or slightly irregularly cruciately divided tetrasporangia after 6 to 8 weeks in culture. Thereafter, fewer tetrasporangia were formed and production ultimately ceased. Tetraspores from cultured plants formed creeping, profusely branched, filamentous growths that gave rise to erect, multiaxial fronds under long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) daylength regimes at 16–18°C. Under SD, fewer erect axes were formed and axial elongation ceased after a short time. The erect axes, although remaining sterile, were morphologically identical to field-collected gametophytes. Previous assumptions that all quadripartite carposporangia, generally referred to as “carpotetrasporangia”, are the result of reduction division thus appear to be unfounded. A “Liagora .
Text Representations for Patent Classification

With the increasing rate of patent application filings, automated patent classification is of rising economic importance. This article investigates how patent classification can be improved by using different representations of the patent documents. Using the Linguistic Classification System (LCS), we compare the impact of adding statistical phrases (in the form of bigrams) and linguistic phrases (in two different dependency formats) to the standard bag-of-words text representation on a subset of 532,264 English abstracts from the CLEF-IP 2010 corpus. In contrast to previous findings on classification with phrases in the Reuters-21578 data set, for patent classification the addition of phrases results in significant improvements over the unigram baseline. The best results were achieved by combining all four representations, and the second best by combining unigrams and lemmatized bigrams. This article includes extensive analyses of the class models (a.k.a. class profiles) created by the classifiers in the LCS framework, to examine which types of phrases are most informative for patent classification. It appears that bigrams contribute most to improvements in classification accuracy. Similar experiments were performed on subsets of French and German abstracts to investigate the generalizability of these findings.