Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of obesity with hypertension.

verweight is a body mass index between 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 (1). Obesity is a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher (1). Obesity and obesity are risk factors for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (2). The Framingham Study demonstrated that obesity was about twice as prevalent in obese men and in obese women as in men and in women with a normal Metropolitan relative weight (3). The Framingham Study also demonstrated that both men and women had an increase in blood pressure with increased overweight (4). Persons in the highest body mass index quartile had a 16 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure and a 9 mmHg higher diastolic blood pressure than persons in the lowest body mass index quartile (4). In this study, the systolic blood pressure increased 4 mmHg for each 4.5 kg of increased weight (4). Insurance industry data have also shown a positive relationship between overweight or obesity with hypertension (5).
Glomerular dimensions in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects of AT1 antagonism

Objective A reduction in glomerular number and/or size has been implicated in the development of hypertension. This study investigated whether differences in glomerular number and/or size occur during the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and whether angiotensin II is responsible for any glomerular differences. Methods SHR (n=6) and Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats (n=6) were administered the angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist TCV-116 from 4 to 10 weeks of age. At 10 weeks of age, the kidneys from these rats and those from untreated SHR (n=6) and WKY rats (n=6) controls were perfusion fixed at physiological pressures and analysed using unbiased stereological techniques. Results There were no significant differences in glomerular number, glomerular volume or total glomerular volume between SHR and WKY rats. Treatment of SHR with TCV-116 significantly lowered systolic blood pressure but had no significant effect on glomerular number or volume or total glomerular volume. Treatment of WKY rats with TCV-116 reduced systolic blood pressure, body weight, glomerular volume and total glomerular volume; however, total glomerular volume per body weight of treated WKY rats was not significantly different from that of untreated WKY rats. Conclusion There were no differences in glomerular number or volume in SHR compared with WKY rats at 10 weeks of age. We therefore conclude that glomerular changes are not responsible for the development of hypertension in SHR. Angiotensin II, via the type 1 receptor, does not contribute to glomerular growth during the development of hypertension in the SHR.
Supertagging for Combinatory Categorial Grammar

Supertagging was introduced for Lexicalised Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) to reduce the number of elementary trees assigned to a word, thereby increasing parsing efficiency (Bangalore and Joshi, 1994). Bangalore and Joshi (1999) have shown that techniques used for POS-tagging can be applied successfully to the supertagging problem. Parsing efficiency is also an issue for Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG, Steedman (2000)) since many words can have many possible CCG categories. We have developed a supertagger for CCG, similar to the POStagger of Ratnaparkhi (1996). Maximum entropy models are used to estimate the probability that a word is assigned a particular category, given the local context. These probabilities are then used to select a sub-set of the possible categories for a word. The next section gives a brief introduction to CCG, and Section 3 describes the category set used in the experiments. Section 4 describes a “single-category” supertagger, and gives figures for its accuracy. Section 5 shows how the supertagger can be adapted to output more than one category per word, to produce a “multi-tagger”, and we show the effect the multi-tagger has on the speed and coverage of a CCG parser.
STARCH AND SUGARS OF VITIS VINIFERA.

This investigation on the carbohydrate values within Vitis vinifera is included in a general study of nutrition. Presumably, a better understanding of the physiology of the grapevine would result in improved viticultura! practices. It would serve as a suitable basis for evaluating the analytical results obtained by studying the carbohydrate nutrition of the vine and also for interpreting data on pathologically affected vines. Certain points were pertinent. Investigators have often suggested that carbohydrates are translocated during the dormant period. If this translocation does take place, its bearing on the time of pruning would be important. Neither Richey and Bowers (19) nor Schrader (22) found such translocation in the Concord grape. It would, indeed, appear unlikely; the callus closure of the sieve plates during the dormant season seems to render the accepted channel of elaborated food transport unavailable. Another important point was the significance of hemicellulose as a reserve foo? l. Data on this have already been published (35). There were no indications that hemicellulose was available as a reserve in the grape even under the severe deficiency conditions resulting from repeated defoliation. A third point was brought forth by findings such as those of Davis (5) with the sugar prune. According to Davis, there is a comparatively large spring increase of starch in the bark and wood of the spurs? an increase not explained by the decrease in sugar content. Richey and Bowers (19) and Schrader (22) also found that the total carbohydrate content of Concord grape stems became markedly greater during the dormant period. Such findings might hypothetically be explained by one or several assumptions: (1) by transformation to or from other materials, such as fat, hemicellulose, or unknown substances; (2) by transport of sugars from another part of the tree; or (3) by sampling and analytical error. Davis in an unpublished analysis of the same material could not account for this increase by the disappearance of hemicellulose. The data of Richey and Bowers (19) and of Schrader (22) presumably include the hemicellulosic fraction in the total carbohydrates. A potential source of such materials might be a fatty reserve; and there remains the possibility of such unevaluated substances as Swarbrick (28) and Sinnott (24) have observed in microchemical studies, or some fraction of the comparatively great amount of nonsugar alcohol-soluble substance observed by Niklewski (16). Schrader (22) has found much of this soluble nonsugar material in Concord grape shoots. According to Smyth (27), $n extremely large quantity of it occurs in young apple wood. The improbability of the translocation hypothesis has already ? This is the second of a series of papers on the carbohydrate metabolism of Vitis vinifera.
Gross anatomy education for South African undergraduate physiotherapy students

Eight faculties in South Africa offer undergraduate physiotherapy training with gross anatomy included as a basis for clinical practice. Little information exists about anatomy education for this student body. A 42‐question peer‐reviewed survey was distributed to physiotherapy gross anatomy course coordinators in all the eight faculties. Seven coordinators from six (75%) of the universities responded. Two respondents' data from the same university were pooled. Collected data show that staff qualifications and experience varied widely and high to average staff to student ratios exist between faculties. Direct anatomy teaching duration was 12.3 (SD ±5.2) weeks per semester. Total number of weeks in courses per faculty was 27.6 (SD ±5.7) varying widely between institutions. Calculable direct contact anatomy hours ranged between 100 and 308 with a mean of 207.6 (SD ±78.1). Direct contact hours in lectures averaged 3.9 (SD ±1.6) per week and the average direct contact hours in practical sessions were 3.5 (SD ±1.8) per week. Dissection, prosection, plastinated models, surface anatomy, and e‐learning were available across faculties. Ancillary modalities such as vertical integration and inter‐professional learning were in use. All faculties had multiple‐choice questions, spot tests, and short examination questions. Half had viva‐voce examinations and one had additional long questions assessment. Students evaluated teaching performance in five faculties. Four faculties were reviewing anatomy programs to consider implementing changes to anatomy curriculum or pedagogy. The findings highlighted disparity between programs and also identified the need for specific guidelines to develop a unified South African gross anatomy course for physiotherapy students.
Phosphorylation of MAP65-1 by Arabidopsis Aurora Kinases Is Required for Efficient Cell Cycle Progression1[OPEN]

Arabidopsis Aurora kinases phosphorylate MAP65-1 at its unfolded tail domain and dynamic switching of its phosphorylation status throughout mitosis is required for proper cell cycle progression Aurora kinases are key effectors of mitosis. Plant Auroras are functionally divided into two clades. The alpha Auroras (Aurora1 and Aurora2) associate with the spindle and the cell plate and are implicated in controlling formative divisions throughout plant development. The beta Aurora (Aurora3) localizes to centromeres and likely functions in chromosome separation. In contrast to the wealth of data available on the role of Aurora in other kingdoms, knowledge on their function in plants is merely emerging. This is exemplified by the fact that only histone H3 and the plant homolog of TPX2 have been identified as Aurora substrates in plants. Here we provide biochemical, genetic, and cell biological evidence that the microtubule-bundling protein MAP65-1—a member of the MAP65/Ase1/PRC1 protein family, implicated in central spindle formation and cytokinesis in animals, yeasts, and plants—is a genuine substrate of alpha Aurora kinases. MAP65-1 interacts with Aurora1 in vivo and is phosphorylated on two residues at its unfolded tail domain. Its overexpression and down-regulation antagonistically affect the alpha Aurora double mutant phenotypes. Phospho-mutant analysis shows that Aurora contributes to the microtubule bundling capacity of MAP65-1 in concert with other mitotic kinases.
Family care conferences in long-term care: Exploring content and processes in end-of-life communication

ABSTRACT Objective: End-of-life (EoL) communication in long-term care (LTC) homes is often inadequate and delayed, leaving residents dying with unknown preferences or goals of care. Poor communication with staff contributes to families feeling unprepared, distressed, and dissatisfied with care. Family care conferences (FCCs) aim to increase structured systematic communication around goals and plans for the end of life. As part of the Strengthening a Palliative Approach to Care (SPA–LTC) project, FCCs were implemented in four LTC sites in Ontario, Canada. The purpose of this substudy was to examine FCC content and such guiding processes as documentation and multidisciplinary staff participation. Method: A total of 24 FCCs were held for residents with a Palliative Performance Scale score of 40% (nearing death). Data were collected from conference forms (i.e., Family Questionnaires, Care Plan Conference Summaries), site-specific electronic chart documents, and fieldnotes. Directed content analysis of data was informed by the Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association's Square of Care Model, which describes eight domains of care: disease management, physical, psychological, social, practical, spiritual, EoL, and loss/bereavement. Results: The FCCs addressed an average of 71% of the content domains, with physical and EoL care addressed most frequently and loss/bereavement addressed the least. Two goals and five interventions were documented and planned on average per FCC. Examination of the processes supporting EoL communication found: (1) advantages to using FCC forms versus electronic charts; and (2) high levels of multidisciplinary participation overall but limited participation of personal support workers (PSWs) and physicians. Significance of Results: Communication around the end of life in LTC can be supported through the use of FCCs. Description of content and FCC processes provides guidance to persons implementing FCCs. Recommendations for tailoring conferences to optimize communication include use of specific conference forms, increased bereavement discussion, and further engagement of PSWs and physicians.
Information-theoretic coordinated control of multiple sensor platforms

This paper describes an information-theoretic approach to distributed and coordinated control of a multi-robot sensor system. The approach is based on techniques long established for the related problem of decentralised data fusion (DDF). The DDF architecture uses information measures to communicate state estimates in a network of sensors. For coordinated control of robot sensors, the control objective becomes maximisation of these information measures. This yields platform trajectories, which maximise the total information, gained by the system. This approach inherits the many benefits of the DDF method including scalability, robustness to sub-system failure and addition, and interoperability among heterogeneous systems. The approach is applied to a practical bearings-only multi-feature localisation problem.
A new strategy of cooperative communication for wireless networks

As a new transmission technique, cooperative diversity means that multiple terminals share their resources to form a virtual antenna array so that the space diversity can be realized. In this paper, a new strategy called hybrid amplify or decode-and-forward (HADF) is presented, which is based on some basic strategies of cooperative communication, such as amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) in wireless networks under orthogonal transmission protocol (OTP) and non-orthogonal transmission protocol (NOTP). Depending on the source-relay channel qualities, the relay terminal may choose either DF or AF adaptively. Finally, some analysis and simulation of outage probabilities in different time division protocols show the HADF is the best and feasible.
A new subspace algorithm of blind channel estimation for OFDM systems

This paper proposes a statistical subspace algorithm for blind channel estimation in OFDM systems. The algorithm is based on a new input/output relationship which is obtained by a matrix transform on the transmission equation of the OFDM systems. The proposed algorithm is computationally simpler, and extends some results of the existing subspace algorithm. The simulation results are also presented.
Dynamic Reverse Route for On-Demand Routing Protocol in MANET

Route establishment in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is the key mechanism to a successful connection between a pair of source and destination nodes. An efficient routing protocol constructs routing path with minimal time, less routing overhead and capable of utilizing all possible link connectivity. In general, most on-demand MANET routing protocols operates over symmetrical and bidirectional routing path, which is infeasible due to the inherent heterogeneous properties of wireless devices. Simulation results show that the presence of unidirectional links on a network severely affect the performance of a routing protocol. In this paper, a robust protocol independent scheme is proposed, which enable immediate rediscovery of alternative route for a path blocked by a unidirectional link. The proposed scheme is efficient; route rediscovery is locally computed, which results in significant minimization of multiple route packets flooding. Nodes may exploit route information of immediate neighbors using the local reply broadcast technique, which then redirect the control packets around the unidirectional links, therefore maintaining the end-to-end bidirectional connection. The proposed scheme along with Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and AODV-Blacklist routing protocol is investigated over three types of mobility models. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is extremely reliable under poor network conditions and the route connectivity can be improved by as much as 75%.
Deduplication in Hybrid Cloud with Secure Data

Deduplication is also called single instance technique, deduplication remove redundant data and stores original copy of data so it will saves the storage space to protect sensitive data. The data security and access to particular data is very much important in current days hence the features in deduplication have been widely used in cloud storage system. There was drawback in previous work where differential privileges of users are set permanently so any client can access any files which are not authorized to specific user. To overcome the drawback of the previous work, we are concentrated on client privileges which will grant or revoke the file access permissions to specific client. With deduplication technique, the client data is secured with advanced encryption algorithm rather than conventional encryption algorithm in hybrid cloud. In previous work convergent encryption technique was used with deduplication which does not provide the security to data. To better enhancement of the security of data, client has given specific permission to access the data, which is more enhanced security system for data security . Our simulation results shows that increase in security of data.
Sodium Bicarbonate Versus Isotonic Saline for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Coronary Angiography and/or Intervention

Introduction Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a leading cause of acute renal failure and affects mortality and morbidity. Although the incidence of CIN is quite low in the general population, CIN incidence is significantly increased in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Objectives We compared the efficacy of prophylactic use consisting of a saline infusion or a sodium bicarbonate infusion for the prevention of CIN in patients with DM. Materials and Methods A total of 195 DM patients who had unselected renal function were randomized into 2 groups: 101 patients were assigned to saline infusion, and 94 patients were assigned to bicarbonate infusion. The primary end point was the maximum increase in the serum creatinine (SCr) level, whereas the secondary end point was the development of CIN after the procedure. Results The maximum increase in SCr levels was significantly lower in the saline group than in the bicarbonate group: −0.03 mg/dL (IQR, −0.09 to 0.10 mg/dL) versus 0.02 mg/dL (IQR, −0.09 to 0.13 mg/dL) (P = 0.014). The rate of CIN was significantly lower in the saline group than in the bicarbonate group (5.9% vs 16%, P = 0.024). In the subset of study participants with a baseline creatinine clearance of less than 60 mL/min, the maximum increase in SCr levels was significantly lower, −0.08 mg/dL (IQR, −0.13 to −0.04 mg/dL), in the saline group than in the bicarbonate group, 0.03 mg/dL (IQR, −0.13 to 0.12 mg/dL) (P = 0.004). Conclusions The use of prophylactic hydration with isotonic saline before coronary procedures may decrease SCr levels and reduce the incidence of CIN in patients with DM with unselected renal functions to a greater extent than sodium bicarbonate can.
Filtering Effect in Holographic Image Processing

The most popular application of holography is using the technique to make three-dimensional images. This paper describes an algorithm for computationally generating holograms along with methods to fabricate the hologram. The phrase, “digital holography", is common place in the optics community; it describes the methods used to reconstruct holographic images from physically recorded holograms as well as the methods used to construct holograms from virtual objects using a computer. In fact we have the ability to create digital holograms from imaginary objects and then recreate the image of those objects using the same digital holograms, the entire process performed on a single computer. A computer simulation technique for generating Fourier holograms using the Fraunhoffer diffraction formula is applied. These generated Fourier holograms were analyzed for experimental reconstruction. A detailed analysis was done on the computation and numerical reconstruction. Filtering technique was used to analyze its feasibility to be used in image processing. Corresponding reconstructions were verified by MATLAB for computer simulation. The algorithm of the MATLAB program is discussed. Using this technique, computer generated holograms can be of great use in image processing field.
Static Effects of the EU-Turkey Customs Union

Studies on the economic effects of Turkey- EU Customs Union increased considerably in the last years, as a result of the deepening of the relations between the two parties. This is mainly due to the opening of the accession negotiations between Turkey and the European Union in October 1995. The first part of this study focuses on the evaluation of Turkey’s trade figures. This study aims to investigate Turkey’s import demand function using an econometric panel data application. First the analysis was made for Turkey’s general import demand function. A good reason for that is the removal of European Community’s tariffs on its imports from Turkey in 1971 while Turkey waited the entering into force of the Customs Union in 1996 for abolishing the trade barriers to the EU. Our findings show that Turkey’s import demand is income elastic and price inelastic. The analysis was repeated for the main import sectors and empirical findings indicate that Customs Union Agreement has trade creation effects among some sectors and trade diversion effects among some others, while no effects at all could be calculated for the remaining.
Correct Expression of spec2a in the sea urchin embryo requires both Otx and other cis-regulatory elements.

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Otx (SpOtx) is required simultaneously in sea urchin development for the activation of endo16 in the vegetal plate and for the activation of spec2a in the aboral ectoderm. Because Otx binding sites alone do not appear to be responsible for the spatially restricted expression of spec2a, additional DNA elements were sought. We show here that consensus Otx binding sites fused to basal promoters are sufficient to activate CAT reporter gene expression in all cell types, although expression in endomesoderm progenitors is enhanced. On the other hand, three non-Otx elements derived from the spec2a enhancer are needed together with Otx sites for specifically aboral ectoderm expression. A DNA element termed Y/CBF, lying just downstream from an Otx site within the spec2a enhancer, mediates general activation in the ectoderm. A second element lying between the Otx and Y/CBF sites, called OER, functions to prevent expression in the oral ectoderm. A third site, called ENR, overlapping another Otx site, is required to repress endoderm expression. Three distinct DNA binding proteins interact sequence specifically at the Y/CBF, OER, and ENR elements. The spec2a enhancer thus consists of closely linked activator and repressor elements that function collectively to cause expression of the spec2a gene in the aboral ectoderm.