Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Management Experience and the State of Hypoglycemia: National Online Survey Study

Background Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar levels, in people with diabetes can be a serious life-threatening condition, and serious outcomes can be avoided if low levels of blood sugar are proactively detected. Although technologies exist to detect the onset of hypoglycemia, they are invasive or costly or exhibit a high incidence of false alarms. Tremors are commonly reported symptoms of hypoglycemia and may be used to detect hypoglycemic events, yet their onset is not well researched or understood. Objective This study aimed to understand diabetic patients’ perceptions of hypoglycemic tremors, as well as their user experiences with technology to manage diabetes, and expectations from a self-management tool to ultimately inform the design of a noninvasive and cost-effective technology that detects tremors associated with hypoglycemia. Methods A cross-sectional internet panel survey was administered to adult patients with type 1 diabetes using the Qualtrics platform in May 2019. The questions focused on 3 main constructs: (1) perceived experiences of hypoglycemia, (2) experiences and expectations about a diabetes management device and mobile app, and (3) beliefs and attitudes regarding intention to use a diabetes management device. The analysis in this paper focuses on the first two constructs. Nonparametric tests were used to analyze the Likert scale data, with a Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Games-Howell post hoc test as applicable, for subgroup comparisons to highlight differences in perceived frequency, severity, and noticeability of hypoglycemic tremors across age, gender, years living with diabetes, and physical activity. Results Data from 212 respondents (129 [60.8%] females) revealed statistically significant differences in perceived noticeability of tremors by gender, whereby males noticed their tremors more (P<.001), and age, with the older population reporting lower noticeability than the young and middle age groups (P<.001). Individuals living longer with diabetes noticed their tremors significantly less than those with diabetes for ≤1 year but not in terms of frequency or severity. Additionally, the majority of our participants (150/212, 70.7%) reported experience with diabetes-monitoring devices. Conclusions Our findings support the need for cost-efficient and noninvasive continuous monitoring technologies. Although hypoglycemic tremors were perceived to occur frequently, such tremors were not found to be severe compared with other symptoms such as sweating, which was the highest rated symptom in our study. Using a combination of tremor and galvanic skin response sensors may show promise in detecting the onset of hypoglycemic events.
High genetic diversity within but limited differentiation among populations of the vulnerable Guatemalan fir.

rasmussen KK, strandby u & Kollmann J. 2010. High genetic diversity within but limited differentiation among populations of the vulnerable guatemalan fir. Genetic diversity in fragmented tree populations may reflect provenance variation and the relationship between genetic diversity and population characteristics should be known to improve conservation strategies. We chose the vulnerable Abies religiosa subsp. mexicana (syn. Abies guatemalensis) to study genetic diversity within and among 18 populations in Guatemala (284 trees, seven microsatellite markers). Genetic diversity was high in all populations (observed heterozygosity = 0.70–0.90), while six populations deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Inbreeding within populations (Fis) was significant in five populations, among them two peripheral populations. A cluster analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA) indicated existence of one large metapopulation with the two peripheral populations as outliers. Longitude, geographic isolation and expected heterozygosity were correlated with the first PCA axis, while altitude was correlated with the second axis. Mountain range, forest size and fitness traits of the provenances were not correlated with genetic diversity. The study indicated that peripheral populations of A. religiosa subsp. mexicana contained unique genetic information which should be included in ex situ conservation programmes, whereas the other populations in Guatemala showed little evidence for inbreeding or genetic erosion. We conclude that fragmented conifer populations can maintain high genetic diversity, while differentiation among populations can be weak.
Dispersal and connectivity of northeastern atlantic patellid limpets: a multidisciplinary approach

Dispersal and connectivity of patellid limpets (Patella spp.) in the eastern North Atlantic have been examined by addressing reproductive biology, larval development, population genetics and physical modelling of dispersal. The reproductive cycles of four limpet species were assessed on the northern and central Portugese coast, to determine spawning periods. This information was incorporated into dispersal models. The results showed that P. depressa and P. ulyssiponensis have almost year-round breeding, with a brief resting phase in the early summer. Conversely, the two other species displayed much shorter spawning periods, with gamete release taking place between December and March in P. vulgata and between September and December in P. rustica. The relationship between temperature and planktonic periods in P. depressa, P. ulyssiponensis, and P. vulgata was investigated with laboratory rearing experiments. Average duration of precompetent periods varied inversely with temperature, ranging between 3.7-14.0 days in P. depressa, 2.8-13.7 days in P. ulyssiponensis and 5.7-14.6 days in P. vulgata, whilst delay periods ranged between 15.8-25.4 days in P. depressa, 14.5-27 days in P. ulyssiponensis and 16.5-25 days in P. vulgata. Population genetic structure was examined on a range-wide scale in P. depressa and along the Iberian coast in P. rustica using microsatellite markers, plus one mtDNA locus in P. rustica. Results suggested high levels of gene flow throughout the study area and widespread lack of population differentiation in both species. A biophysical model of dispersal has been developed to assess the degree of demographic connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time frames, and to identify possible barriers to dispersal for P. depressa and P. rustica. The model predicted high levels of connectivity through most of the study area in both species, but in P. depressa simulations identified two large extensions of adult habitat discontinuity as barriers to larval dispersal. The model also showed that despite the potential for long-distance dispersal, most of the larvae released at one given location settle within much shorter distances. These results illustrate the need to view the study of marine dispersal as a multidisciplinary task, and suggest that relying on just one line of evidence may produce misleading results.
Going back into the wild: the behavioural effects of raising sea urchins in captivity

Abstract Sea urchin harvesting has rapidly expanded in the last decades. Since many sea urchin species play important ecological role, large-scale commercial sea urchin fisheries can have complex effects on benthic communities. In many temperate regions, overharvesting has compromised marine ecosystems to such an extent that reintroduction of sea urchins raised in captivity may be a valid solution for the enhancement of depleted marine wild populations. In some regions of the Mediterranean Sea, improving the growth efficiency of captive sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus to be reintroduced has become a widespread practice. However, no study has yet considered the potential behavioural effects of raising sea urchins in captivity when they are introduced in the natural environment. This study provides information about the behavioural effects of captivity on P. lividus in terms of locomotion performance, a trait that can be fundamental for responding to predators and for relocation after environmental disturbances such as currents and waves. Movements of captive-born and wild sea urchins were video-recorded and compared in (i) total exposure to external cues, (ii) partial exposure to external cues and (iii) absence of external cues. Latency of locomotion, average speed and average velocity of sea urchins showed significant differences with respect to the level of exposure and their origin (i.e. wild vs. captive-born). Our results demonstrate that captive-born sea urchins in the wild showed long latency and slower locomotor performance when compared to wild sea urchins. Conversely, the straightness-of-path and locomotion direction of captive-born and wild sea urchins were similar in natural settings. Our results therefore suggest that captive-born sea urchins suffer the negative effects of captivity when introduced in a natural environment. Understanding the factors that decrease the performance of sea urchin will be important for developing procedures aimed at minimizing the negative effect of captivity before release into the wild.
A density functional theory based thermodynamic model of hydrogen coverage on the W(110) surface

Tungsten will be used as a plasma facing material in the next generation of fusion reactors. To aid in understanding atomic scale H–W interactions, we investigated hydrogen coverage on the tungsten (110) surface via periodic density functional theory, providing the most stable configurations that hydrogen forms on the surface at coverage ratios of interval 0.25, step-wise, up to a full mono-layer of hydrogen. We then calculate the Gibbs free energy for the stable configurations in the presence of hydrogen gas at specified temperature and pressure. It follows that the configuration, and corresponding coverage ratio, which yields the lowest Gibbs free energy is used to estimate the macroscopic surface state. Our findings based on the model compare well to low energy electron diffraction measurements, primarily the presence of well-ordered phases with coverage ratios 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0, respectively, and that no ordered phases are expected as temperature increases and surface depletion occurs.
Genetic Gain in Testcrosses Derived from Heat Tolerant Multi-parental Synthetic Populations of Maize

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 1 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com Heat stress due to prolonged high ambient temperature during critical growth stages is a serious threat to crop production worldwide. Though being a C4 crop, maize has relatively wider adaptation, however, weather extremes such as heat stress is challenging its threshold limits. There is an absolute requirement of heat tolerant cultivars in the present condition as climate change has a become reality. This study was designed to assess the genetic gain in various stress-adaptive traits of maize testcrosses derived from two heat tolerant heterotic multi-parental synthetic (MPS 1 and MPS 2) populations. The trial consisted of 405 F2:3 testcrosses derived from MPS 1 along with two commercial checks and 470 F2:3 testcrosses derived from MPS 2 along with five commercial checks. They were evaluated in Alpha lattice design with two replications at Main Agriculture Research Station, Raichur, Karnataka during spring season where the most part of reproductive stage, starting from tassel emergence until late grain filling, was exposed to heat stress. Analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes in MPS 1 differed significantly for grain yield and MPS 2 showed significant variation among genotypes for all the characters studied, indicating the presence of variability for all the traits in the germplasm utilized for present study. The top 10 per cent of the F2:3 families of MPS 1 and MPS 2 populations were selected based on their testcross performance and subjected to genetic gain study. The maximum genetic gain was observed for grain yield (58.55%), days to 50 per cent anthesis (-2.05%), days to 50 per cent silking (-2.24%), ASI (-3.35%), plant height (4.25%) and ear height (5.49%) in MPS 1 population compared to MPS 2 population. These results suggest that, a new and advanced elite heat tolerance lines isolated from the early segregating progeny that produced very good testcrosses in different heterotic groups. These elite heat tolerant lines would be useful to maize breeders for improving heat stress resilience in maize. K e y w o r d s Maize, Testcrosses, Multi-parent population (MPS), Genetic gain Accepted: 15 December 2019 Available Online: 20 January 2020 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol. App.Sci (2020) 9(1): 2195-2205
The role of sensitive to freezing6 (SFR6) in plant tolerance to stress

The current rate of climate change predicts that plants will become subject to increasing extremes of enviro nmental stress. Rapid population increases in developing countries also demand higher yield from crop production, often from sub-optimal agricultural areas. Genetic engineering can help meet these needs through the development of crops with greater stress tolerance. Identification of Arabidopsis mutants unable to tolerate stress is a powerful approach to investigate the molecular basis of stress tolerance in plants and so identify targets for modification. The Arabido psis mutant sfr6 (sensitive to freezing6) is unable to tolerate freezing stress, due to failure of CBF transcription factors to activate downstream cold responsive (COR) gene expression. In this study, I assessed the suitability of using SFR6 as a molecular tool to improve low temperature tolerance of crop plants. These results show that complementation of sfr6 with the wild type SFR6 gene restores COR gene expression and freezing tolerance; however over-expression of the gene in wild type has no effect. This suggests that SFR6 is essential but not sufficient to initiate COR gene expression controlled by CBF transcription factors. At4g04920, the gene encoding SFR6, has been identified as a component of the multi-subunit transcriptional co-activator, known as mediator, which controls eukaryotic inducible gene expression, which explains these findings. A homologue of SFR6 was cloned from rice (OsSFR6) and over- expression of OsSFR6 in the sfr6-1 mutant led to complementation, demonstrating orthology. Rice is a freezing-intolerant species, and therefore the presence of a functional SFR6 orthologue in rice capable of restoring Arabidopsis CBF function suggests that OsSFR6 may play a role in chilling tolerance in rice analogous to that of CBF/DREB1 in other chilling sensitive species. The responses of sfr6 mutants to a range of biotic and abiotic stress stimuli revealed a hypersensitivity to both UV radiation and infection by both virulent and avirulent Psuedomonas syringae DC3000. This reduced tolerance correlates in sfr6 with reduced mRNA levels of UV irradiance and pathogen infection response genes, including META CASPASE8 (MC8), PATHOGENESIS RELATED1 (PR1) and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY5 (EDS5).
Gene expression of plant defence pathways using Lr1 transgenic lines and the Affymetrix Wheat Chip

Leaf rust resistance gene Lr1 was cloned and demonstrated by transformation of the susceptible cultivar Fielder. Transgenic line T0-938 had a single hemizygote Lr1 insertion and segregated in subsequent generations. Unlike the majority of R-genes, Lr1 has a co-dominant gene action, i.e., the heterozygotes exhibit an intermediate level of resistance. A gene expression experiment using T0-938 derived lines was performed to study the resistance, intermediate and susceptible pathways triggered in the presence of Lr1 in its homozygous or heterozygous states and in the absence of Lr1. The 27-Affymetrix chip experiment comprised 3 independent biological replicates, 3 genotypes (T4-938homozygous for Lr1 (R), T4-938-sister line without Lr1 (S) and F1-938-heterozygous for Lr1 (I)), and 3 time points (before inoculation, 6h and 24h after inoculation). These lines genetically differed almost exclusively by their Lr1 gene dosage and provided near perfect isogenic lines for profiling the expression pathways triggered during the compatible and incompatible Lr1 wheat leaf rust pathosystem. Gene expression was measured by comparison to the expression levels before inoculation. A total of 584 of the 61,127 probe sets were differentially regulated in at least one of the 6 possible genotype × time point comparisons. Only 4 and 10 of these differentially regulated genes showed the same trends in all three genotypes at 6 and 24 hours after inoculation, respectively. The majority of genes differentially expressed in the three genotypes and at the two time points differed, indicating that pathways to resistance and susceptibility were largely not shared. Interestingly, the strict number of differentially regulated genes was higher in the intermediate and compatible reactions as it was in the incompatible reaction. Expression profiling analysis across genotypes and time points will be presented.
Solução de Regressão Regularizada com Vetores Suporte através de Programação Linear

Nesse trabalho foram introduzidos dois métodos de regressão baseados na teoria de vetor suporte que visam encontrar soluções esparsas. Esses métodos são solucionáveis por programação linear. Um deles só é aplicável a regressão linear entretanto o outro pode ser estendido para o caso não linear através de métodos kernel. Os métodos propostos obtiveram resultados numéricos próximos dos métodos considerados estado da arte.
Microcystis changes its buoyancy in response to the average irradiance in the surface mixed layer

A population of buoyant colonies of Microcystis sp. dominated the phytoplankton of the small Vinkeveen Lake, in the Netherlands. The Microcystis colonies were circulated within the surface mixed layer whose depth (usually 2 to 4 m) usually exceeded the euphotic depth (usually less than 1.5 m) in this wind-exposed lake. Colonies held in bottles at the lake surface responded to the high irradiance by losing their buoyancy, while those kept at greater depths remained buoyant. For colonies circulating within the surface layer the degree of buoyancy loss that occurred during the day depended on the mean irradiance to which they were exposed, which could be determined from the average surface irradiance, the mixed depth and the vertical extinction coefficient. Buoyancy loss was also correlated, but less strongly, with the proportion of the daytime spent by colonies within the euphotic zone. Surface scums were usually prevented from forming by wind mixing.
UTILIZING BIOTECHNOLOGY TOOLS FOR SILECTING SALT TOLERANT ROOTSTOCK OF PEACH HASSAWI

This study was carried out with an aim of evaluation of performance of Hassawi peach rootstocks and testing their variance towards salinity stress thus to find out a quick effective modern technique for their reculture and re-propagation again in the region. Eight different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) that represent progressive gradual levels of salinity were used to investigate tolerability of the explants towards variant levels of salinity stress. Thus to evaluate the performance of these Hassawi peach rootstocks (peach, plum ]ghwj[, and almond). Date and results declared the general superiority of bitter almond to the other rootstocks, as it vitally survived and tolerated salinity to 3500 ppm NaCl, followed by peach that tolerated salinity to 2500 ppm, and eventually ghwj that just survived with maximum tolerance of 2000 ppm of NaCl. The study recommends to count on bitter almond as a salinity tolerant rootstock followed by peach for grafting Hassawi peach rootstocks for its regeneration again in Al-Ahsa oasis, and to exclude plum rootstock because of its low salinity tolerance besides its very low harmonization with peach that negatively affect grafting process.
Improving Silage Feed Quality of Maize Intercropped with Some Legumes

Misir bitkisi yuksek verimliligi, mekanizasyona uygunlugu ve silolanmasinin kolay olmasi gibi bircok avantajlari nedeniyle dunyanin her yerinde silaj amaciyla en fazla yetistirilen bitkidir. Bununla birlikte, misir bitkisinin en onemli dezavantaji, yetersiz protein icerigidir. Bu calisma, misir bitki sikligini azaltmadan, karisim halinde bazi baklagil bitkilerini (mas fasulyesi, sirik fasulye, borulce ve soya) de yetistirerek, bu sorunu belli olcude cozmek amaciyla yapilmistir. Calismada saf misir ve karisimlar, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi deneme alaninda yetistirilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda, baklagil bitki turune bakilmaksizin tum birlikte uretim sistemlerinde silaj pH degerinin saf misira gore onemli derecede arttigi, bununla birlikte, tum pH degerlerinin silo icerisinde iyi bir fermentasyonu isaret edecek sekilde yeteri kadar dustugu gorulmustur. Misirin soya fasulyesi ile birlikte yetistirilmesinin, saf misira gore, kuru madde korunumunu, kuru madde tuketimini ve oransal yem degerini artirdigi belirlenmistir. Birlikte uretimden elde edilen NDF degerlerinin saf misir degerlerine gore daha dusuk oldugu ve kuru madde tuketimini olumlu etkiledigi belirlenmistir. Misir bitkisini herhangi bir baklagil ile birlikte yetistirmenin ham protein iceriginde artislara neden oldugu saptanmistir.
Formatting Online Image of “Halal” Destination through Photography

Web 2.0 or social media as a digital instrument of the internet marketing is increasingly significant in formatting an online image of the tourist destination. The study collected photographic information of two destinations in Indonesia (West Sumatera and Aceh) from the official Instagram account of each of their local authorities to explore the online image of these destinations. Visual content analysis was applied to examine the image formation of this halal tourism within the collected photograph. The results indicate that various dimensions of an image are composed of five dimensions: social opportunity and attraction, natural and cultural amenities, accommodation and transportation, infrastructure, food and friendly people, physical amenities, and recreation activities. However, similarly natural and cultural amenities are the most emphasized dimension. Conversely, the dimension of accommodation and transportation is less stressed by these official webs. Meanwhile, categories of some image dimensions were emphasized differently. The implication of halal destination and study findings to the theoretical development of the image of halal tourism and some recommendations for future study were discussed.
A Forbidden Transition Allowed for Stars

∗Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA lie somewhere between 7 and 11 times that of our Sun, are thought to die via one of two very different routes: thermonuclear explosion or gravitational collapse. Which one happens depends on the conditions within the star when oxygen nuclei begin to fuse, triggering the star’s demise. Researchers have now, for the first time, measured a rare nuclear decay of fluorine to neon that is key to understanding the fate of these “in between” stars [1, 2]. Their calculations indicate that thermonuclear explosion and not gravitational collapse is the more likely expiration route.