Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling sensory-motor decisions in natural behavior Supporting Information Appendix 3 : Bayesian Inverse Reinforcement Learning

Bayesian IRL leverages demonstrated state-action pairs, treats them individually as evidence for the underlying reward function and therefore is able to express the likelihood of reward functions given demonstrations. The normalizing factor for computing the probability of reward functions is hard to compute, hence Bayesian IRL instead adopts a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) sampling method to acquire a set of reward samples using the unnormalized likelihood function [1]. In order to compute the likelihood of a given reward function during sampling, it is required to compute the Q-values for all the state-action pairs in the demonstration set, which means solving a reinforcement learning (RL) problem given the Markov Decision Process (MDP). Therefore, Bayesian IRL is indeed a very computationally expensive algorithm. In order to make our human experiment environment tractable by Bayesian IRL, the virtual room is discretized into a 2D gridworld of size 32× 24 with 0.2×0.2 m cells. Each cell is a state in the MDP. The actions are discretized into 8 directions so that an agent can move to any adjacent state in the gridworld. The (center) location of targets, obstacles and waypoints are treated as different feature points, which contribute to each state’s feature by distance. The problem is formulated as learning the weights for the three different features: targets, obstacles and waypoints. The three features are represented using three different continuous values at each state. More specifically, the closer a state is to an target/obstacle/waypoint, the higher the feature value for the particular object at that state. The reward at any given state is computed as the linear combination of these features using their corresponding weights. The observations are a set of state-action pairs extracted from the human’s trajectory, which are fitted to the discretization of the space. The parameters for Bayesian IRL are set empirically. The confidence factor α is set at 80 and the chain length is set to be 3000 (since there are only three values, i.e. feature weights, to be tweaked, which is relatively small). A value of 0.5 is used as the discount factor for MDPs with the assumption that the decision making process of humans tends to prefer immediate rewards.
Dementia Screening Tool for the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimerâs Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most devastating type brain diseases. The most important task is to predict the disease at an earlier stage to avoid complications. In this regard a reliable and efficient method should be developed with the help of Biomedical Engineering Technology. In this research paper we have developed a technique based on Mini Mental State Examination to screen the disease at different stages. This software tool can be used as a medical aid for doctors for diagnosing the disease.
Fertility history and quality of life in older women and men

ABSTRACT In this paper we examine associations between the fertility histories of older British women and men and their quality of life using data on a sample of 6,374 men and women born between 1923 and 1949 drawn from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). Quality of life in 2001 was measured using scores from the four subscales of the CASP-19 questionnaire: control, autonomy, pleasure and self-realisation. Fertility histories were derived using information on the births of children collected in all waves of the BHPS. The aspects of fertility history investigated were number of children born and parents' ages at birth of first and last child. Age, education, marital status, tenure status, smoking, co-residence with one or more children, perceived social support and health limitations were included as covariates. The results suggested that early entry to parenthood and to some extent high parity were related to poorer quality of life. These associations were mostly mediated by socio-economic, social support and health factors. Compared to women with two children, nulliparous women expressed a higher level of autonomy, and both nulliparous women and those with four or more children a higher level of self-realisation. Low parity was related to a lower level of pleasure, especially among men, but this relationship appeared weaker and among women was not significant when background factors were controlled.
STUDYING THE CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE EXTRACTS FROM ANACYCLUS NIGELLIFOLIUS BOISS GROWN IN NORTH LEBANON.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the chemical contents (total phenolic and total flavonoid contents) of the crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts from leaves and stems of a Lebanese plant and to evaluate their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.Methods: Quantification of the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of all extracts of Anacyclus nigellifolius from leaves and stems and the cytotoxic activity were evaluated through XTT assay, while antioxidant activities were evaluated using spectrophotometric analyses DPPH, H2O2, and chelating of ferrous ions tests.Results: The ethanolic extract from leaves and stem of A. nigellifolius was better than aqueous extract and showed a higher content in total phenolic and total flavonoid which was 39. 48Â±0.04 and 13Â±0.03, respectively. On the other hand, the best value of IC50 of DPPH, H2O2, and chelating of ferrousions of ethanol extract from leaves was 0.1 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, and 0.37 mg/mL, respectively, also, ethanol extract has significantly inhibited cells growth 293T and MCF7, a percentage of inhibition was in leaves, and it has reached the 70% and 54%, respectively.Conclusions: Both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of both parts of A. nigellifolius have shown high efficiency and good antioxidant and antiproliferation power. Hence, this plant can be used in the prevention of a number of diseases related to oxidative stress as well as might be used for inhibition of cancer cell line growth.
Title Low VHL mRNA Expression is Associated with More Aggressive TumorFeatures of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Alterations of the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene can cause different hereditary tumors associated with VHL syndrome, but the potential role of the VHL gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been characterized. This study set out to investigate the relationship of VHL expression level with clinicopathological features of PTC in an ethnically and geographically homogenous group of 264 patients from Serbia, for the first time. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a strong correlation between low level of VHL expression and advanced clinical stage (OR55.78, 95% CI 3.17–10.53, P,0.0001), classical papillary morphology of the tumor (OR52.92, 95% CI 1.33– 6.44, P50.008) and multifocality (OR51.96, 95% CI 1.06–3.62, P50.031). In disease-free survival analysis, low VHL expression had marginal significance (P50.0502 by the log-rank test) but did not appear to be an independent predictor of the risk for chance of faster recurrence in a proportion hazards model. No somatic mutations or evidence of VHL downregulation via promoter hypermethylation in PTC were found. The results indicate that the decrease of VHL expression associates with tumor progression but the mechanism of downregulation remains to be elucidated. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Stanojevic B, Saenko V, Todorovic L, Petrovic N, Nikolic D, et al. (2014) Low VHL mRNA Expression is Associated with More Aggressive Tumor Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. PLoS ONE 9(12): e114511. doi:10. 1371/journal.pone. 0114511 Editor: Svetlana Pack, CCR, National Cancer Institute, NIH, United States of America Received: July 18, 2014 Accepted: November 10, 2014 Published: December 9, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Stanojevic et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper. Funding: This work was supported in part by Nagasaki University Global COE Program; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, Contracts No. 173049 and 145094D. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0114511 December 9, 2014 1 / 15
Morphophysiological analysis and expression of proline genes in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BRS AG) subjected to in vitro salt stress

About 20% of the cultivated land and almost half of the irrigated lands of the planet are affected by the salinization of the soil and the water. Rice cultivar BRS AG is the first grown for other purposes than human consumption and can be used in the production of ethanol and animal feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination, morphological characteristics, proline accumulation, and the expression of the genes involved in the metabolism of proline in rice plants, cv. BRS AG, cultured in vitro under salt stress. The plants were cultivated in a culture MS medium with six different NaCl concentrations (0, 32, 68, 102, 136, 170 mM). The germination was evaluated at days 7 and 14, and morphological characteristics were analyzed only at day 21. For proline quantification and expression of the genes required for its metabolism (P5CS1, P5CS2, P5CR, OAT, P5CDH and PDH), two concentrations (136 mM and 0 mM) of NaCl were used, and the samples were collected at days 5, 10, 15, and 20. The results indicate that the growth of rice cv. BRS is completely impaired at 170 mM NaCl, and at 136 mM NaCl. Regarding proline content, in stressed plants, it was higher (1.24 mM g -1 MF) than in the control plants, and was directly related to a high expression observed for the P5CS2 (QR=5.50) and OAT (QR=5.44) genes at 20 days of stress, which explains the high proline concentration at this period. According to the results, rice cultivar BRS AG, is considered tolerant to salt stress.
Synthesis and Analysis of PZT Using Impedance Method of Reactance Estimation

This study presents an analysis of equivalent circuit namely Butterworth Van Dyke (BVD) [1,2] by using impedance method to stimulate Zirconate Titanate (Piezoelectric ceramic) which is initially synthesized from Lead Oxide (PbO), Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and vibrated in thickness mode. The reactance was estimated in the frequency range lower than the resonance frequency and then compared to the impedance obtained from measurement using impedance analysis machine model HP4192A and HP4194 [3]. The results from HP4194 were analyzed for BVD parameters: Motional resistance (R1), Inductor (L1), Capacitor (C1), and Capacitor corresponds to the electrostatic capacitance (Co). Another accuracy analysis was compared by the calculation results using the method of IEEE 176-1987 [4] to the impedance values measured by HP4192A. In this study, there were two conditions for experiment and consideration of parameter variation in BVD equivalent circuit: variation of temperature and mechanical force. These parameters are evaluated to design the efficient circuit for PZT utilization to obtain the optimal efficiency.
In situ investigation of the silicon carbide particles sintering

A real-time observation of the microstructure evolution of irregularly shaped silicon carbide powders during solid state sintering is realized by using synchrotron radiation computerized topography (SR-CT) technique. The process of sintering neck growth and material migration during sintering are clearly distinguished from 2D and 3D reconstructed images. The sintering neck size of the sample is presented for quantitative analysis of the sintering kinetics during solid state sintering. The neck size-time curve is obtained. Compared with traditional sintering theories, the neck growth exponent (7.87) obtained by SR-CT experiment is larger than that of the two-spheremodel. Such condition is discussed and shown in terms of sintering neck growth, in which the sintering process slows down when the particle shape is irregular rather than spherical.
Analysis of Land Cover Classification Using Multi-Wavelength LiDAR System

The airborne multi-wavelength light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system measures different wavelengths simultaneously and usually includes two or more active channels in infrared and green to acquire both topographic and hydrographic information. The reflected multi-wavelength energy can also be used to identify different land covers based on physical properties of materials. This study explored the benefits of multi-wavelength LiDAR in object-based land cover classification, focusing on three major issues: (1) the evaluation of single- and multi-wavelength LiDARs for land cover classification; (2) the performance of spectral and geometrical features extracted from multi-wavelength LiDAR; and (3) the comparison of the vegetation index derived from active multi-wavelength LiDAR and passive multispectral images. The three-wavelength test data were acquired by Optech Titan in green, near-infrared, and mid-infrared channels, and the reference data were acquired from Worldview-3 image. The experimental results show that the multi-wavelength LiDAR provided higher accuracy than single-wavelength LiDAR in land cover classification, with an overall accuracy improvement rate about 4–14 percentage points. The spectral features performed better compared to geometrical features for grass, road, and bare soil classes, and the overall accuracy improvement is about 29 percentage points. The results also demonstrated the vegetation indices from Worldview-3 and Optech Titan have similar characteristics, with correlations reaching 0.68 to 0.89. Overall, the multi-wavelength LiDAR system improves the accuracy of land cover classification because this system provides more spectral information than traditional single-wavelength LiDAR.
An Exploratory Analysis on the Risk to be Offended on the Internet

Questionnaire data is used to identify socio-demographic as well as the risk-awareness characteristics of users offended on the Internet. The data comprises a representative sample of 3,000 individuals, containing information on employment, education, age, the frequency of Internet usage and security measures taken by the users. By means of a cluster analysis, within the sub-sample of offended users, we identify a female group, where employment and education are high, a male cluster with similar characteristics, a group of urban users with low security awareness and a group of young users. Regressions show that the frequency of using the Internet increases, while to communicate only to people known in real life reduces the risk to be offended on the Internet.
Unsupervised Cross-Media Hashing with Structure Preservation

Recent years have seen the exponential growth of heterogeneous multimedia data. The need for effective and accurate data retrieval from heterogeneous data sources has attracted much research interest in cross-media retrieval. Here, given a query of any media type, cross-media retrieval seeks to find relevant results of different media types from heterogeneous data sources. To facilitate large-scale cross-media retrieval, we propose a novel unsupervised cross-media hashing method. Our method incorporates local affinity and distance repulsion constraints into a matrix factorization framework. Correspondingly, the proposed method learns hash functions that generates unified hash codes from different media types, while ensuring intrinsic geometric structure of the data distribution is preserved. These hash codes empower the similarity between data of different media types to be evaluated directly. Experimental results on two large-scale multimedia datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, where we outperform the state-of-the-art methods.
A Hysteresis Current Control for Single-Phase Multilevel Voltage Source Inverters: PLD Implementation

In most high-performance applications of voltage source pulse-width modulation inverters, current control is an essential part of the overall control system. In this paper, a hysteresis current control technique for a single-phase five-level inverter with flying-capacitor topology is proposed. Logic controls and a programmable logic device are suitable for handling a large number of switches and implementation of state transitions. This method also considers how to improve unbalanced voltages of capacitors using voltage vectors in order to minimize switching losses. The simulation and experimental results describe and verify the current control technique for the inverter.
Effects of resistance training, tai chi chuan and mat pilates on multiple health variables in postmenopausal women

Objective: To compare the effect of two concurrent training methods on the muscle strength, functional autonomy, cardiorespiratory capacity and quality of life (QoL) of postmenopausal women. Material and methods: Thirty-eight volunteers were allocated to two groups: Resistance Training (RT)+Tai Chi Chuan (TC) (n=16), and RT+Mat Pilates (MP) (n=12). For the RT+TC group, RT was linearly periodized twice a week, alternating weekly with TC. In the RT+MP group, RT was non-linearly periodized and alternated with MP in five sessions a week over a period of 16 weeks. Results: Intragroup improvement in QoL was observed for the physical health of RT+MP. The Cooper test showed improvement in the prediction test for both groups. Functional autonomy improved in the following: rising from a ventral decubitus position, rising from a sitting position, walking 10 meters, putting on and taking off a t-shirt (PTTs) and the GDLAM index (GI) in the RT+MP group. For RT+TC, PTTs and GI improved. With respect to strength, there was intragroup improvement in the RT+MP group for all upper limb exercises, knee flexion and 45o leg press. On the other hand, the RT+TC group showed improvements in high shoulder adduction, elbow extension, low shoulder adduction, pec deck pectorals and 45o leg press. Intergroup analysis showed better results in the 10mW test for RT+MP. Conclusion: Both methods showed significant improvements in functional autonomy and muscle strength, as well as maintenance of QoL and cardiorespiratory capacity. Intergroup analysis indicated better results with the RT+MP program.
Effect of Certification Motivation for Teaching and Civic Teacher Education (Case Study Sma Negeri 1 Perdagangan)

Teacher has a central role and urgent. So it should be able to become professional teachers and highly motivated. However, less like a teacher in teaching can be caused by low motivation. Decreased arousal and willingness impacting the poor quality of education. Therefore, the certification becomes a stimulus for teachers to be motivated to teach and perform tasks as a teacher well. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method. Data collected by the three techniques were interviews, observation and documents. While data analysis used in this study using an interactive model analysis. Interactive analysis consists of three flow of activities occurring simultaneously, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion / verification. The results obtained are there is a relationship between teacher certification and motivation of teachers to teach civics in SMA Negeri 1 Perdagangan. It is seen from the increasing professional principle that a teacher due to the demands of teaching certificate granted to the teacher. Thus the teacher certification can improve the professional principle that a teacher so with competence and idealism educational background they can perform tasks professionalism. Keyword: Certification, Teacher, Teaching Motivation
Practice of Vector Processing for Data and Memory Centric Applications

Since vector data processing is one of the key technologies for the next-generation supercomputing system, it is strongly required to clarify the capability of vector data processing. This project conducts the research on vector data processing potential that can be used both for development of new HPC systems and for the development of algorithms for extremely large-scale numerical problems. To this end, the research group of Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) that has experience with graph problems and the research group of Tohoku University that has experience with program development for vector supercomputers work together to clarify the potential of vector data processing on graph problems. The MSU group has developed various graph algorithms for an ultra-high scale that contains more than 109 vertices and edges. The research group of Tohoku University has knowhow to exploit the potential of vector supercomputers. By the international collaboration of the two groups, the theory and practice of vector data processing for ultra-high scale graph problems aims to be clarified. In this report, by the performance analysis of four graph problems on SX-ACE, the potential of the vector data processing to the graph problems is shown. 1. Basic Information (1) Collaborating JHPCN Centers Cyberscience Center, Tohoku University
Traditional Technology and Cost-reduction As a Major Driver in Business: Can Outsourcing Relations be Redirected by Smart Manufacturing?

Traditional technologies can have an extended lifetime if companies use various cost-reducing strategies. One of these strategies employed in Western European countries in the past decades has been low-cost outsourcing in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), mainly derived from low wages. Specifically, Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary are prime destinations for low-cost outsourcing. However, there is a trend of increase in wage levels in these countries, posing the question of how long (time-period) cost advantages can be gained in the CEE region in the future. Far distance outsourcing of manufacturing goods causes a lot of strain on transport and the environment, and in a situation of diminishing cost-advantages in CEE, the question can be posed to what extent traditional manufacturing can ‘return’ to Western Europe if smart manufacturing methods are being used. This study adopts a scenario-analysis approach in which four scenarios are drawn, particularly focusing on labor cost development and other cost advantages, and on other critical factors in outsourcing like availability of low-skilled labor and productivity changes. Each scenario will be examined in terms of attractiveness for outsourcing and potential implications on decisions for (continuing) outsourcing relationships with CEE. We also briefly reflect on potentials of ‘smart’ manufacturing in the Netherlands.
Default Final Project Estimation of the Warfarin Dose

This project can be done in groups up to 3 . All group members should have full understanding of the submitted work. You may use any existing code, libraries, etc. and consult any papers, books, online references, etc. for this project. However, you must cite your sources in your writeup and clearly indicate which parts of the project are your contributions and which parts were implemented by others. Under no circumstances may you look at another group’s code or incorporate their code into your project. Read