Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FATTY ACID AND GLYCEROLIPID CHANGES DURING TUNISIAN MYRTLE (MYRTUS COMMUNIS VAR. ITALICA) FRUIT RIPENING

The neutral and polar glycerolipids as well as their fatty acid distribution in Myrtus communis var. italica fruit during its maturation were investigated. The increase of fruit weight (from 2.54 to 8.79%) during the ripening process was correlated positively with that of moisture (from 28.01 to 72.02%) and total lipid (TL; from 0.79 to 2.90%) contents. Myrtle fruit ripening was characterized by an increase in the neutral glycerolipid (NL) proportions (from 39.67 to 92.42% of TL) mainly represented by triacylglycerol (TAG) and a decrease of the levels of phospholipids (PL; from 41.09 to 4.32% of TL) and glycolipids (GL; from 19.23 to 3.25% of TL). Total fatty acids (TFA) of the fruit TLs were rich in linoleic (12.21–71.34% of TFA), palmitic (13.58–37.03% of TFA), oleic (6.49–21.89% of TFA) and α-linolenic (3.25–17.98% of TFA) acids. The fatty acid composition of TL was similar to that of different NL classes with the increase of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportions (from 16.57 to 74.58% of TFA) despite of saturated fatty acid (SFA; from 55.91 to 18.38% of TFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; from 27.39 to 7.02% of TFA) ones during the fruit ripening. However, the influence of fruit maturation on the PUFA proportions in different PL and GL fractions were obvious in contrast to those of in NL. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS From a fundamental point of view, the survey of the evolution of the main fatty acids in neutral and polar glycerolipids could provide information about the glycerolipid variation during the myrtle fruit maturation. The survey of fatty acid distribution in the studied glycerolipids is of great interest since it could reveal information about the main glycerolipid classes containing the optimal fatty acid proportions which can be gave an idea about the nutritious value of the myrtle fruit. This latter was a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acid and triacylglycerol for the human diet and it could be used by the cosmetic and food industries.
The New World tarantula-hawk wasp genus Pepsis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Part 1. Introduction and the P. rubra species-group

The genus Pepsis is diagnosed and described, and its taxonomic and natural history reviewed. The following are newly synonymized under this genus: the genera Abripepsis Banks, 1946 and Brethesia Schrottky, 1909; and all the existing subgenera of Pepsis, viz. Chrysopepsis Haupt, 1952; Cirripepsis Banks, 1945 & 1946; Deropepsis Banks, 1946; Dinopepsis Banks, 1945; Dinopepsis Haupt, 1952; Giganteopepsis Lucas, 1919 of Pate, 1946; Gigantopepsis Lucas, 1919; Nannopepsis Banks, 1945 & 1946; Ovatopepsis Haupt, 1952; Stenopepsis Banks, 1945; Titanopepsis Haupt, 1952; and Trichopepsis Banks, 1945. The Pepsis rubra species-group, with 18 species, including the type-species of Pepsis, is defined and described; keys to both sexes are provided. In this group, 3 species-names are newly proposed: P. cooperi, P. inbio, and P. roigi; and the following 32 names are newly synonymized under the names indicated: P. albocincta Smith, 1855 = P. abrupta Brethes, 1908; = P. ameghinoi Brethes, 1908; = P. annaeerdmuthae Lucas, 1919; = P. chrysothorax Brethes, 1908; = P. copelloi Brethes, 1914; = P. echeverriai Brethes, 1908; = P. ichesi Brethes, 1908; = P. lycaste Banks, 1946; = P. nutrix Brethes, 1914; = P. pertyi Lucas, 1895; = P. prixii Brethes, 1908; = P. rubescens Lucas, 1895; = P. ruficornis Lucas, 1897 (not Fabricius, 1781); = P. staudingeri Enderlein, 1901; = P. sulcata Brethes, 1908. P. caridei Brethes, 1908 = P. pampeana Brethes, 1908. P. chrysothemis Lucas, 1895 = P. lucasii Fox, 1898. P. decorata Perty, 1833 = P. incompleta Brethes, 1908; = P. opposita Banks, 1946. P. foxi Lucas, 1897 = P. flaminia Brethes, 1914; = P. gemella Banks, 1946. P. heros (Fabricius, 1798) = P. atrata Lepeletier, 1845; = P. magnifica Montet, 1921. P. mexicana Lucas, 1895 = P. messerschmidti Lucas, 1895. P. pallidolimbata Lucas, 1895 = P. smithi Hurd, 1948. P. rubra (Drury, 1773) = P. papiliopennis (Christ, 1791); = P. stellata (Fabricius, 1793). P. sericans Lepeletier, 1845 = P. decepta Banks, 1928; = P. domingensis Lepeletier, 1845; = P. ignicornis Cresson, 1865. P. thisbe Lucas, 1895 = P. sayi Banks, 1926. P. vinipennis Packard, 1869 = P. insignis Mocsary, 1885. A single name, P. albocincta Smith, 1855, is revalidated. The name P. inca Banks, 1946 [Abripepsis], does not belong in the P. rubra-group, but is here synonymized under P. chiliensis Lepeletier, 1845 [Pepsis] because of its new generic status.
A NEW SPECIES OF FUNNEL-EARED BAT (NATALIDAE: NATALUS) FROM MEXICO

Abstract A new species in the genus Natalus is described on the basis of 71 specimens found in museum collections. The body pelage of the new bat is unique among natalids in having hair bases much darker than hair tips. This new species is also characterized by short tibiae, legs and feet notably hairy, a long braincase, and a shallow rostrum. This species is known from 16 localities in Mexico, from both mountain and lowland areas. At some localities, it has been collected together with the previously known species Natalus stramineus. This constitutes the 1st known case of sympatry among species of the genus Natalus (sensu stricto).
Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) from Mexican Populations

The current distribution of the bighorn sheep in Mexico represents a reduced proportion of its original area. Previous population genetics studies conducted in Mexico have only included data from Tiburon Island in the Gulf of California and few individuals from the continent. The aim of this article was to describe aspects of the population genetics of Mexican bighorn sheep in order to aid in the management and conservation of the species. We analyzed 117 samples from the states of Sonora and Baja California Sur using 91 intersimple sequence repeat loci. Our results indicated that the Mexican samples of bighorn sheep have relatively low levels of genetic diversity (H ≈ 0.26) and low genetic differentiation (ϴ ≈ 0.07) that may be the result of the recent colonization and origin of the populations in Mexico. The individuals from Southern Baja California are genetically different from the Sonoran sample, but this genetic differentiation is low, perhaps due to the low levels of genetic variation of the Mexican populations. The results obtained in this study are relevant for population management of the bighorn sheep in Mexico in order to design translocation plans and management strategies to maintain genetic diversity and, in consequence, the health and future survival of the populations.
Genetic diversity and virulence pattern in field populations of Pyricularia grisea from rice cultivar Metica-1

(2) Abstract - Rice blast is a major yield constraint of the irrigated rice in the State of Tocantins, Brazil. The objective of this investigation was to study the phenotypic and genetic diversity within the pathogen population of Pyricularia grisea in samples collected from four individual farms of rice cultivar Metica-1, under epidemic conditions of leaf blast. A set of 87 isolates was tested on 32 rice genotypes including eight international differentials. Considering 80% similarity in virulence, two groups comprising a total of 81 isolates were recognized, independently of the farms from which they were collected. Eighty percent of the isolates pertained to pathotype ID-14, indicating high cultivar specificity and narrow diversity of virulence in the sample population. The virulence in pathogen population on rice cultivars BR-IRGA 409 and Rio Formoso was low. Analysis of P. grisea isolates using rep-PCR with two primer sequences from Pot2 generated fingerprint profiles of one to nine bands. Cluster analysis revealed the occurrence of six fingerprint groups with similarities ranging from 0.09 to 1. There was no straight relationship between virulence of the isolates based on reaction pattern on 32 genotypes and grouping based on Pot2 rep-PCR analysis of P. grisea isolates collected from 'Metica-1'.
A Comparative Phylogenetic Evaluation of Chloroplast ITS Sequences to Analyze the Bioactivity in Medicinal Plants: A Case Study of Clerodendrum Plant Genus (Lamiaceae)

According to World Health Organization (WHO) approximately 47% of drugs used today to cure many diseases were derived from natural products such as plants. Although many approved and clinical-trial drugs have been derived from natural products, the last 20 years have shifted emphasis from natural products to less expensive synthetic products. Due to the paucity of traditional medicinal knowledge and lack of ethnobotanical information about most of the medicinal plants, the emphasis has shifted to synthetic products. Multidisciplinary research with phylogeny to incorporate ethnobotanical knowledge as well as traditional medicinal knowledge will facilitate researchers to identify new drug molecules. In this paper, we use phylogeny inferred from ITS sequence of chloroplast DNA of thirty eight different species of Clerodendrum plant to predict chemical diversity and potential medicinal activity of plants from Lamiaceae family. Phylogenetic signal in medicinal properties in plants is used to identify nodes on phylogeny with high bioscreeing potential. Phytosterol diversity and inhibition of angiotensin receptors by these compounds is significantly correlated with phylogeny. We produced a phylogenetic hypothesis for medicinally important plants of Laminaceae family based on the maximum likelihood, Neighborjoining, minimum evolution, UPGMA, and maximum parsimony methods. The genealogical trees generated with each method proved phylogenetic hypothesis by densely clustering plants with similar medicinal uses and plants belonging to same distribution. Different species of Clerodendrum plant genus were studied and their medicinal uses were evaluated in the light of phylogenetic relationships.
Genome Size and DNA Polymorphism in Theobroma cacao

The size of the haploid genome of Theobroma cacao L. (cacao), estimated using laser flow cytometry, was 0.43 pg. An improved DNA extraction procedure was developed based on isolation of a crude nuclei preparation from leaf tissue that effectively eliminated contamination of the DNA by polysaccharid es and produced DNA that was, on average, longer than 50 kb. DNA yields ranged from 2 to 10 µg·g -1 fresh weight of leaf tissue. DNA blot hybridization experiments with a flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) ribosomal DNA probe revealed restriction fragment length poly- morphisms between three cacao genotypes. Differences between the DNA of these genotypes were also detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification of polymorphic DNA fragments, using random oligonucleotide primers. Theobroma cacao, the source of cocoa solids and cocoa but- ter, is a major tropical crop. Despite its economic importance, breeding has not had a major impact on the cacao industry, especially in the New World (Kennedy et al., 1987). The per- formance of cacao "hybrid seed" (actually crosses of selected heterozygous clones) has been disappointing (Hunter, 1990), and clonal propagation has not been widely adopted because of dimorphic growth and costs. Although major efforts have been placed on germplasm collection and maintenance (Allen, 1987; Allen and Lass, 1983), characterization and evaluation of these resources have been minimal. Further, the collections at many sites present problems of duplication and/or misidentification of accessions. Some devastating cacao diseases cannot be con- trolled effectively, indicating the need for genetic solutions. These diseases include witches' broom caused by Crinipellis perniciosa (Stahel) Singer in South America, vascular-streak dieback caused by Oncobasidium theobromae (Talbot & Kenea) in Oceania, and swollen shoot virus in West Africa. Clearly, new approaches are needed for genetic improvement of cacao. For a successful long-term breeding program, genetic infor- mation from well-evaluated parents is necessary. The availabil- ity of molecular techniques has opened new ways to characterize germplasm, to determine genetic diversity, and to establish gene linkages of agronomic traits to molecular markers. An efficient DNA extraction method is a prerequisite for such molecular genetic studies. The only published technique for cacao DNA isolation (Couch and Fritz, 1990) is complex, and although it overcomes polyphenol contamination, it does not take into con- sideration the problem of polysaccharide gums that are ubiqui- tous in cacao (Figueira et al., 1991). The objective of this study was to establish suitable molecular techniques for cacao. This included estimation of the size of the cacao genome, development of a reliable method of DNA ex- traction, and evaluation of the degree of polymorphism found within the species through traditional restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods and the new method of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis (Welsh and McClelland, 1990; Williams et al., 1990).
Promotional Campaign Duration and Word-of-Mouth in Durable Good Adoption

Intensive promotional marketing campaigns can be used to introduce products to consumers with the goal of increasing awareness, consideration, purchase, and word-of-mouth (WOM). In this paper, we study the role of campaign duration on solar photovoltaic adoption using a large-scale field experiment, in which we randomly assign communities to campaigns with shorter durations, increasing the marketing intensity to maintain the same total resources per campaign. In our context, a nonprofit partner conducts the campaign in cooperation with an installer selected by the community. We combine detailed campaign information with administrative data on solar adoptions and a large-scale survey of adopters to assess the effect of campaign duration on the number of campaign events, prices paid, product adoption, and potential determinants of adoption during the campaign. We find that shortening the length of the campaign did not affect installer behavior, price, or product adoption during the campaign but led to significantly fewer leads and less WOM, resulting in significantly lower post-campaign adoption rates.
Variability of fish diets between dry and flood periods in an arid zone floodplain river

The fish assemblages of an arid zone floodplain river, Cooper Creek, Queensland, Australia, were sampled during two dry periods in isolated waterholes and on the inundated floodplain during the early and late phase of a major flood event. Diets were described for nine native species and compared within and between dry and flood periods. In the dry season, when fishes were restricted to waterholes, diets were characteristically simple with narrow diet breadths. Movement onto the floodplain during flooding clearly increased feeding opportunities, with greater diet breadths evident in all species. Despite obvious potential for terrestrial inputs, diets tended to be dominated by aquatic resources in both the waterholes and on the floodplain. Stomach fullness, however, varied little between dry season waterhole and floodplain samples. Fish appear to feed on potentially lower value resources such as detritus and calanoid copepods during the dry season, when waterholes are isolated and food resources were limited. They were then able to capitalize on the "boom" of aquatic production and more diverse food resources associated with episodic flood events.
Predation by Ostenia robusta on Costelytra zealandica pupae

Soil sampling in a cereal crop near Southbridge, Canterbury, revealed dipteran larvae attacking Costelytra zealandica (White) pupae. Approximately 50% of the pupae had larvae associated with them. DNA sequencing analysis of larval specimens indicated they most likely belonged to the family Dolichopodidae. Larval specimens were reared through to adults and were identiied as Ostenia robusta (Hutton) (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). This is the irst record of the association of larvae with C. zealandica pupae. A general description of the adult and larva of this species is provided, along with DNA sequencing data and observations on its association with C. zealandica pupae. The potential role of O. robusta in regulating populations of C. zealandica is briely considered.
The Survival of and Cytokine Induction by Lactic Acid Bacteria after Passage Through a Gastrointestinal Model

The immunostimulatory properties of lactic acid bacteria which have been subjected to ecological conditions of the gut have not previously been studied. We analyzed the survival of three different Lactobacillus strains and of one Bifidobacterium strain in an in 6itro gastrointestinal model consisting of compartments corresponding to the human stomach and small intestine. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with bacteria recovered from the stomach and the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in PBMC was measured. While the viability of all the strains in the stomach was similar during the measured 3 h, there were considerable differences in the ileum delivery. Despite the poor viability of the strains in the stomach, they still had a detectable ability to induce production of TNF- α and IL-6. Our results suggest that lactobacilli and bifidobacteria not even viable after passage through the stomach can influence the immune system. Keywords: lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, gastrointestinal model, cytokine induction.
Artificial Dispersal as a Restoration Tool in Meadows: Sowing or Planting?

Habitat fragmentation and the abandonment of former agricultural practices have led to extremely low dispersal rates for plant species growing in traditionally managed hay meadows in Sweden. Historically, seed dispersal between populations was maintained by hay movement, grazing animals, and farmers sharing their equipment. Because these means of dispersal typically are no longer occurring, artificial dispersal using seeds and plug‐plants is tested here as a restoration tool. In this study, we chose two perennial herbs commonly occurring in meadows as test species, viz, Hypochoeris maculata L. (Asteraceae) and Succisa pratensis Moench. (Dipsacaceae). We found that plug‐plant transplants were twice as effective as seed sowing for both species. The seed collection site was found to be important for seed‐based establishment and survival; consequently, the choice of donor meadow is important when acquiring seeds used for restoration. We also found that survival of plants introduced as seeds was generally lower at sites harboring species favored by nitrogen as well as at sites in later successional phases. Both methods of introducing meadow species worked well, even though long‐term establishment may well be more successful with the plug‐plant method due to higher plug‐plant establishment 2 years after introduction in the field.
Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel by a New Phosphonated Pyridines Inhibitor System in HCl Solution

The adsorption behavior and inhibition mechanism of (1, 4, 7-Tris [hydrogen (6-methylpyridin-2-yl) phosphonate] -1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane) (TPP) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl were investigated by weight loss technique, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods for different concentrations at 25°C. The results show that the inhibition efficiency values depend on the amount of immersion times and the concentration. A 90% efficiency is found at the highest concentration of the studied compound according to weight loss measurements. The adsorption of the investigated inhibitor on the mild steel surface was well supported using an AFM study. For the assignment of the absorption sites, we performed quantum chemical calculations with (DFT) method. The interaction between the inhibitor and iron surface were performed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. In this paper, experimental methods and results used to assess the efficiency of the studied compound are presented.
Quantitative Description of Head Shape Dimorphism in the Rice Black Bug Scotinophara sp. using Landmark-based Geometric Morphometric Analysis

Rice black bug (RBB), Scotinophara coarctata, is small and cryptic pest species that is believed to have caused significant yield loss of rice production in the Philippines. The study focuses on the geometric morphometric variability by landmark-based approach to determine discontinuities of dorsal head shape for both male and female Scotinophara sp. population from Kabacan, North Cotabato. Results revealed that males has 77.72% variation and females has 74.31% variation for quantitative analysis. The values depicted on MANOVA shows significant differences existing between both sexes with p = 1.68 x 10-60. CVA plots also had a highly significant differences in the morphological attributes existing between the sexes showing no overlaps and having a higher DFA corrected classified value of 99.72% than the cut off score/value (70%). Implying that there is a significance on the morphological structures between the male and female Scotinophara sp. which can be attributed to sexual dimorphism.
The effect of dietary copper exposure to benthic ostracod Heterocypris incongruens using whole sediment toxicity test Utilisation du test de toxicité des sédiments pour l'estimation de l'effet de l'exposition au cuivre alimentaire sur les ostracodes benthiques Heterocypris incongruens

In this study, we investigated the bioaccumulation of copper (Cu) by microgreen algae Scenedesmus acutus and Chlorella vulgaris and toxicity of dietborne copper from algae to benthic ostracod Heterocypris incongruens. Scenedesmus acutus and C. vulgaris were exposed to different concentrations of waterborne Cu for 10 days then the ostracod was fed this food exclusively under 24h dark condition for 6 days, partially modifying the test method recently published as ISO 14371. Total copper in the cells increased with increasing dissolved copper concentrations from 4.8 to 4.5 x 10 3
Addendum to: Characterization of the resistance to the anorectic and endocrine effects of leptin in obesity-resistant rats fed a high-fat diet. Journal of Endocrinology 2004, 183 289-298

The aim of our work was to compare the degree of leptin resistance in diet-induced obesity-prone and resistant rats, both in terms of reduction of feeding and of endocrine effects on somatotroph and thyroid axes. We concluded that both groups of rats show a selective resistance to the anorectic effect of leptin while the pathways mediating the neuroendocrine effects of the peptide were preserved. In our paper we omitted to acknowledge the study previously published by Levin and Dunn-Meynell (2002), which showed that diet-induced obesity (DIO)-prone rats are less sensitive than diet-resistant animals to the leptin’s suppressive effect on food intake as well as on neuropeptide Y expression in the arcuate nucleus. Differences in the length of the diet period (12 weeks in our paper vs 4 weeks in Levin & Dunn-Meynell 2002) or in fat concentration of the diet (20% vs 30%) may account for the divergent results.