Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Labour Supply models

This paper is published as Chapter 7 of Handbook of Microsimulation Modelling edited by Cathal O''Donoghue, and issued in the series Contributions to Economic Analysis by Emerald Publishing Group. The purpose of the paper is to provide a detailed discussion in relation to the development of the field of labour supply focused microsimulation models and methodological choices. The paper identifies three methodologies for modelling labour supply *The Reduced Form Approach *The Structural "Marginalist" Approach *The Random Utility Maximisation Approach The paper considers issues associated with the reliability of structural models relative to (ex-post) experimental or quasi-experimental analysis. Recognising however the need to undertake ex-ante analysis, it questions, whether there are alternatives to structural models and how can we evaluate structural models and how they are compared with other approaches. The paper then describes approaches to utilising these models for policy simulation in terms of producing and interpreting simulation outcomes, outlining an extensive literature of policy analyses utilising the approach. Also labour supply is not only central to modelling behavioural response but also modelling optimal tax-benefit systems, with a focus on a computational approach, given some of the challenges of the theoretical approach. Combining labour supply results with welfare functions enables the social evaluation of policy simulations. Combining welfare functions and labour supply functions, the chapter then identifies how to model socially optimal income taxation.
Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter

Many aspects of the large-scale structure of the Universe can be described successfully using cosmological models in which 27±1% of the critical mass-energy density consists of cold dark matter (CDM). However, few—if any—of the predictions of CDM models have been successful on scales of ∼10 kpc or less. This lack of success is usually explained by the difficulty of modeling baryonic physics (star formation, supernova and black-hole feedback, etc.). An intriguing alternative to CDM is that the dark matter is an extremely light (m∼10-22 eV) boson having a de Broglie wavelength λ∼1 kpc, often called fuzzy dark matter (FDM). We describe the arguments from particle physics that motivate FDM, review previous work on its astrophysical signatures, and analyze several unexplored aspects of its behavior. In particular, (i) FDM halos or subhalos smaller than about 107(m/10-22 eV)-3/2 M⊙ do not form, and the abundance of halos smaller than a few times 1010(m/10-22 eV)-4/3 M⊙ is substantially smaller in FDM than in CDM. (ii) FDM halos are comprised of a central core that is a stationary, minimum-energy solution of the Schrodinger-Poisson equation, sometimes called a “soliton,” surrounded by an envelope that resembles a CDM halo. The soliton can produce a distinct signature in the rotation curves of FDM-dominated systems. (iii) The transition between soliton and envelope is determined by a relaxation process analogous to two-body relaxation in gravitating N-body systems, which proceeds as if the halo were composed of particles with mass ∼ρλ3 where ρ is the halo density. (iv) Relaxation may have substantial effects on the stellar disk and bulge in the inner parts of disk galaxies, but has negligible effect on disk thickening or globular cluster disruption near the solar radius. (v) Relaxation can produce FDM disks but a FDM disk in the solar neighborhood must have a half-thickness of at least ∼300(m/10-22 eV)-2/3 pc and a midplane density less than 0.2(m/10-22 eV)2/3 times the baryonic disk density. (vi) Solitonic FDM subhalos evaporate by tunneling through the tidal radius and this limits the minimum subhalo mass inside ∼30 kpc of the Milky Way to a few times 108(m/10-22 eV)-3/2 M⊙. (vii) If the dark matter in the Fornax dwarf galaxy is composed of CDM, most of the globular clusters observed in that galaxy should have long ago spiraled to its center, and this problem is resolved if the dark matter is FDM. (viii) FDM delays galaxy formation relative to CDM but its galaxy-formation history is consistent with current observations of high-redshift galaxies and the late reionization observed by Planck. If the dark matter is composed of FDM, most observations favor a particle mass ≳10-22 eV and the most significant observational consequences occur if the mass is in the range 1–10×10-22 eV. There is tension with observations of the Lyman-α forest, which favor m≳10–20×10-22 eV and we discuss whether more sophisticated models of reionization may resolve this tension.
Mitigation of defocusing by statics and near-surface velocity errors by interferometric least-squares migration

We propose an interferometric least-squares migration method that can significantly reduce migration artifacts due to statics and errors in the near-surface velocity model. We first choose a reference reflector whose topography is well known from the, e.g., well logs. Reflections from this reference layer are correlated with the traces associated with reflections from deeper interfaces to get crosscorrelograms. These crosscorrelograms are then migrated using interferometric least-squares migration (ILSM). In this way statics and velocity errors at the near surface are largely eliminated for the examples in our paper.
Multinational enterprises and industrial relations: A research agenda for the 21st century

There is a critical need for fresh research into multinational enterprises (MNEs) because they ‘disproportionately influence thedirectionof change’ in themanagement of people (Batt et al., 2009: 474). There are around 82,000MNEs in the world, involving more than 810,000 subsidiaries, employing approximately 77 million people and accounting for one-third of total world trade (UNCTAD, 2010). It is therefore unsurprising that MNEs can have significant effects on employment practices. MNEs have significant potential to be a source of innovation in the diffusion of new industrial relations policies andpractices (e.g. Edwards et al., 2013;Walsh, 2001). However, they might also disrupt the status quo of the host context by attempting to Journal of Industrial Relations 2015, Vol. 57(2) 127–145 ! Australian Labour and Employment Relations Association (ALERA) 2015 SAGE Publications Ltd, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC DOI: 10.1177/0022185614564379 jir.sagepub. com
Robots and Non-participation in the US: Where Have All the Workers Gone?

I analyze the impact of one of the leading automation technologies of the last decades – industrial robots – on the declining labor force participation in the US. Exploiting exogenous variation in the adoption of robots across local labor markets and over time, I find that, on average, one additional robot drives two workers out of the labor force. The massive increase in robot adoption between the mid-1990s and 2014 explains about 15 percent of the decline in labor force participation in these years. I next investigate the channels through which automation affects nonparticipation and find that robot adoption leads to rising university enrollment rates among the young, early retirement of older workers and a considerable fraction of middle-aged workers enrolling in disability insurance.
Hypersonic Aerothermochemistry Duplication in Ground Plasma Facilities: A Flight-to-Ground Approach

High conservative safety margins, applied to the design of spacecraft thermal protection systems for planetary entry, need to be reduced for higher efficiency of future space missions. Ground testing of such protection systems is of great importance during the design phase. This study covers a methodology for simulating the complex hypersonic entry aerothermochemistry in a plasma wind tunnel for a given spacecraft geometry without any assumption on axisymmetry or bluntness. A demonstration of this proposed methodology is made on the Qubesat for Aerothermodynamic Research and Measurements on AblatioN, QARMAN mission, which is a rectangular reentry CubeSat with a cork-based ablative thermal protection system in the front unit. The reacting boundary-layer profiles of the hypersonic entry probe compare well with the ones developing at the stagnation region of the plasma test model, defined with the proposed flight-to-ground duplication method.
Soil Microbial Activity During 9 Years of Region-Typical Agricultural Practices in Northern Germany and Interactions Between Soil Unit, Tillage, Fertilisation and Crop

In accordance to current national programmes for implementing sustainable agricultural management practices, the Collaborative Research Centre 192 of the German Research Foundation at the Agricultural Faculty of the Univervsity of Kiel aimed at optimising agricultural cropping systems for food production with reference to both the economical and ecological outcomes for systems in northern Germany. In view of sustainable agricultural practices, the following systems and management practices were addressed: A reduced tillage system was compared with a conventional tillage system as avoiding the turn-around of the soil and, thus, the stratification of the natural habitats. The reduced system is considered favourable with respect to organic matter losses and nutrient retention (Alvarez et al.,1988; Beare 1997). Several inorganic N fertilisation levels and slurry application were compared in order to evaluate nutrient use efficiency of external inputs and organic fertilisers that enhance the nutritional status for both soil organism and plants and, thus, increase soil quality (McCarty and Meisinger 1997). In addition, strategies for fungicide application were checked ranging from no to ‘full’ stem base, stem and ear protection. Since microbial properties are modified specifically according to their nature by environmental factors and local climatic factors, it is hypothesises that soil microbial biomass and C and N mineralisation capacities adjust over time to crop and tillage systems. Soil microbial activities may be modified by the rate of N fertiliser, the use of organic fertiliser and the fungicide application, which should be evaluated here for the ploughing depth of 0 cm to 30 cm. The interactions between soil units, tillage system, fertilisation practices and crops were particularly addressed. 2 Materials and methods The experiment was carried out approximately 15 km west of Kiel in northern Germany. The field was part of the experimental farm ‘Hohenschulen’ of the University of Kiel and located in a moraine landscape of loamy till with gentle slopes formed during the last glacial period. Before the experiment was started, the plot of approximately 3 ha was uniformly managed with region-typical crop rotation (oilseed rape, winter wheat and winter barley) and fertilisation practices. The experiment was started in autumn 1990 and the plot was separated in 3 fields with the 3 crops. Each field was again divided in 288 parcels containing 1 crop and 2 tillage systems with 6 fertiliser and 8 fungicide treatments, all in triplicate. From field no. 3, 36 typical plots of 36 m 2 each were selected containing the two soil units ‘Luvisols’ and ‘Anthrosols’ and also conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT), each in 18 replicates. The mean annual temperature and precipitation were 8.5°C and approximately 750 mm respectively. The long history of agricultural land use resulted in the development of two soil units ‘Haplic Luvisol’,
High ABCC 2 and Low ABCG 2 Gene Expression Are Early Events in the Colorectal Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence

Development of colorectal cancer (CRC) may result from a dysfunctional interplay between diet, gut microbes and the immune system. The ABC transport proteins ABCB1 (Pglycoprotein, Multidrug resistance protein 1, MDR1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCG2 (BCRP) are involved in transport of various compounds across the epithelial barrier. Low mRNA level of ABCB1 has previously been identified as an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis (Andersen et al., PLoS One. 2013 Aug 19;8(8):e72119). ABCC2 and ABCG2mRNA levels were assessed in intestinal tissue from 122 CRC cases, 106 adenoma cases (12 with severe dysplasia, 94 with mild-moderate dysplasia) and from 18 controls with normal endoscopy. We found significantly higher level of ABCC2 in adenomas with mild to moderate dysplasia and carcinoma tissue compared to the levels in unaffected tissue from the same individual (P = 0.037, P = 0.037, and P<0.0001) and in carcinoma and distant unaffected tissue from CRC cases compared to the level in the healthy individuals (P = 0.0046 and P = 0.036). Furthermore, ABCG2mRNA levels were significantly lower in adenomas and carcinomas compared to the level in unaffected tissue from the same individuals and compared to tissue from healthy individuals (P<0.0001 for all). The level of ABCB2 in adjacent normal tissue was significantly higher than in tissue from healthy individuals (P = 0.011). In conclusion, this study found that ABCC2 and ABCG2 expression levels were altered already in mild/moderate dysplasia in carcinogenesis suggesting that these ABC transporters are involved in the early steps of carcinogenesis as previously reported for ABCB1. These results suggest that dysfunctional transport across the epithelial barrier may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0119255 March 20, 2015 1 / 13 a11111
Bayesian Clustering of Categorical Time Series Using Finite Mixtures of Markov Chain Models

Two approaches for model-based clustering of categorical time series based on time- homogeneous first-order Markov chains are discussed. For Markov chain clustering the in- dividual transition probabilities are fixed to a group-specific transition matrix. In a new approach called Dirichlet multinomial clustering the rows of the individual transition matri- ces deviate from the group mean and follow a Dirichlet distribution with unknown group- specific hyperparameters. Estimation is carried out through Markov chain Monte Carlo. Various well-known clustering criteria are applied to select the number of groups. An appli- cation to a panel of Austrian wage mobility data leads to an interesting segmentation of the Austrian labor market.
ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF RESVERATROL AND VITAMIN-C COMBINATION ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: Resveratrol and vitamin-C combination was evaluated for its antidiabetic and antioxidant activity in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods: The wistar rats were challenged with a single intra peritoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). The rats were treated with graded oral dose of 10 mg/kg of resveratrol and 0.9 g/kg of Vitamin C for 21 days. The fasting blood glucose levels were monitored for all animals in 1,7,14 and 21 days of drug treatments by using glucometer. The liver homogenate was used for estimation of proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxide (LH), Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione reductase (GSSH) and Reduced glutathione (GSH). Results: Resveratrol with vitamin C combination showed significant (P<0.01) increase in body weight, total protein, and significant (P<0.01) decrease in fasting blood sugar level, MDA and LH, when compared to diabetic control. Resveratrol and vitamin C significantly (P<0.01) restored the levels of both enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GSSH) and non enzymatic antioxidant enzymes (GSH) which are almost similar to the control. Conclusion: Resveratrol and vitamin C both is having antioxidant activity, but the combination showed synergistic antioxidant & antidiabetic activity. Thus, the present study provides a significant rationale for the management of diabetes.
Simulation And Likelihood-Based Estimation For Discretely Observed Diusion Processes Using The Exact Algorithm

Beskos, Papaspiliopoulos, Roberts and Fearnhead present the Exact Algorithm (EA) for the simulation of diffusion processes and discuss accompanying methods for diffusion process inference in Exact and computationally efficient likelihood-based estimation for discretely observed diffusion processes (2006b). As the title indicates, these methods are developed for partially observed diffusions. In this report, we aim to replicate a selection of the results within the Beskos et al. paper as well as summarize much of the methodology necessary to do so. Specifically, we simulate sample diffusion paths from two models, the periodic drift and logistic growth models, and then attempt to estimate parameter values for the models using EA-enabled Monte Carlo expectation maximization (MCEM) methods.
Normalized projection and graph embedding via angular decomposition

Dimensionality reduction plays a vital role in pattern recognition. However, for normalized vector data, existing methods do not utilize the fact that the data is normalized. In this chapter, the authors propose to employ an Angular Decomposition of the normalized vector data which corresponds to embedding them on a unit surface. On graph data for similarity/kernel matrices with constant diagonal elements, the authors propose the Angular Decomposition of the similarity matrices which corresponds to embedding objects on a unit sphere. In these angular embeddings, the Euclidean distance is equivalent to the cosine similarity. Thus data structures best described in the cosine similarity and data structures best captured by the Euclidean distance can both be effectively detected in our angular embedding. The authors provide the theoretical analysis, derive the computational algorithm, and evaluate the angular embedding on several datasets. Experiments on data clustering demonstrate that the method can provide a more discriminative subspace.
The impact of healthcare waiting environment design on end-user perception and well-being

Traditionally, the design of healthcare environments has not always included much end-user involvement. In order to create better built-environments in future, it is important to understand the perception of the people for who the design is intended. This study seeks to gain a better understanding of how people from the general public perceive the design of healthcare waiting environments. Within a healthcare setting, the design of waiting environments plays an important role in serving as one of the first interaction points between users and the environment. Furthermore, it is challenged with the accommodation of multiple user groups and their diverse needs. Twenty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with users using a semi-structured format with stimuli in the form of color photographs of different waiting room designs. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and their content analyzed. The data reveals how people talk about environmental concepts and the impact of the designs on their feelings to describe the waiting room designs. The perceived impact of the design of healthcare waiting environments is expressed through three categories emotive, cognitive and associative responses. The findings provide an understanding of the language that people use to describe healthcare waiting room designs and their impact on them. This knowledge will benefit architects, designers and the healthcare community as it helps them appreciate and incorporate end-user perspective into their future work. KeywordsEnd-user participation, waiting room, hospital design, perception, well-being
Promoting Equity by Gender into the Classroom: Lessons learned from the development and implementation of a Web-based course

The Institute of Technology at Linkoping University has taken several steps forward to promote equity by gender and developed a web-based course to support Course Assistants in their professional role. This case study describes Course Assistants’ expressed experiences of the effectiveness of the web-based course. The results show that the course is considered effective mainly due to: (i) the correspondence between its goals and the knowledge mediated, and (ii) its contribution to understanding issues that diminish gender bias within the interaction that takes place between Course Assistants and students in STEM areas. Some students expressed, however, that they were well aware of gender gap problems, because of the society in which they live today and because of the work adopted to promote gender-sensitive teaching at the Institute of Technology. The findings can have a significant impact in identifying innovate strategies when developing courses that aim to implement a gender perspective in the STEM field.
Development and validation of a novel ten-gene signature predicting prognosis in Hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer with relatively poor prognosis. Thus, we aimed to identify novel molecular biomarkers to effectively predict the prognosis of HCC patients and eventually guide treatment. Methods: Prognosis-associated genes were determined by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses using the expression and clinical data of 373 HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and validated in an independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. The classification of AML was performed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering of ten gene expression levels. A prognostic risk score was established based on a linear combination of ten gene expression levels using the regression coefficients derived from the multivariate Cox regression models. Results: A total of 183 genes were significantly associated with prognosis in HCC. SLC25A15, RAB8A, GOT2, SORBS2, IL18RAP were top five protective genes, while FHL3, AMD1, DCAF13, UBE2E1, PTDSS2 were top five risk genes in HCC. SLC25A15, GOT2, IL18RAP were significantly down-regulated and DCAF13, PTDSS2 and SORBS2 were significantly up-regulated in the HCC samples and these genes exhibited high accuracy in differentiating HCC tissues from normal liver tissues. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the ten genes discovered three clusters of HCC patients. HCC tumors of cluster1 and 2 were significantly associated with more favourable OS than those of cluster3, cluster2 tumors showed higher pathologic stage than cluster3 tumors. The risk score was predictive of increased mortality rate in HCC patients. Conclusions: The ten-gene signature and the risk score may turn out to be novel molecular biomarkers and stratification of HCC patients to considerably ameliorate the prognostic prediction.
Land Acquisition Cijago Toll Road Development In Depok City, West Java Indonesia

Phenomena that occur on land acquisition, in general often lead to conflict between landowners and the government, so the implementation of road construction in the public interest does not run on time. The purpose of this research is to understand the process of land acquisition and pricing on toll road projects Cijago. This study used a qualitative approach with a knife phenomenological analysis involving 10 informants drawn from elements of society landowners and government representatives. The results showedthat theland acquisitionindevelopmentCinereJagorawi toll road, the sosialitation and Apraisal with objectiveto encourage the growthof public understanding aboutthe importanceof developmentin the public interestthat ultimatelypeopledo notfeelforcedtosurrendertheir land. Governmentprice-setting process is done bythe government powerthroughgood communicationwiththe fulfillment ofcommunityexpectations, will encourage the growth ofthe carrying capacity(being supportive) community towardssustainable developmentin the public interest .
Towards Continuous Recognition of Illustrative and Spatial Structures in Sign Language

In recent research, attention has been drawn to recognizing lexical signs in continuous Sign Language (SL) corpora, often artificial. Because SLs are singularly structured by the use of space and iconicity, this focus does not allow for an easy transition towards SL understanding and translation. In this paper, we discuss the necessity and realizability of recognizing higher-level linguistic structures in SL videos, like classifier constructions, using natural corpora such as Dicta-SignâLSFâv2.