Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Annotation-free Whole-slide Training Approach to Pathological Classification of Lung Cancer Types by Deep Neural Network

Deep learning for digital pathology is hindered by the extremely high spatial resolution of whole slide images (WSIs). Most studies adopt patch-based methods which, however, require well annotated data for training. These are typically done by laboriously free-hand contouring on the WSI by experts. To both alleviate annotation burdens of experts and enjoy benefits from scaling up amounts of data, we develop a whole-slide training method for entire WSIs to classify types of lung cancers using slide-level diagnoses. Our method leverages unified memory to offload the excessive amount of memory consumption to host memory to train a classifier by entire hundreds-of-million-pixels slides. Experiments were conducted on the lung cancer dataset which contains 9,662 digital slides with various main types. The results showed that the proposed method can achieve an AUC of 0.950 and 0.924 for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma on a separate testing set respectively. Furthermore, critical regions highlighted by the class activation map (CAM) technique of our model reveals a high correspondence to cancerous areas annotated by pathologists.
Comparing Kinematic and Dynamic Hand Models for Interactive Grasping Simulation

This paper compares two approaches to controlling virtual hands in grasping simulation, and it investigates the ability of humans to control with their hands a virtual hand model in manipulative tasks. In our setup, the users are following their interaction in a desktop virtual reality environment, in order to determine the feasibility of user studies for user – virtual product interaction. Because no real force feed-back is provided, the user can decide upon the correctness of the grasping posture only from visual feedback. The hand and the virtual object interaction are computed from a simulation, therefore accurate spatial position of the real hand and fingers are needed to be measured in real time. Our simulation program is using the Nvidia PhysX SDK. We have implemented two control mechanisms, which enables the users of the system to manipulate the virtual hand. The first mechanism controls the motion of the virtual hand and grasping forces based on the principles of kinematics and energy transfer by contact simulation. The second mechanism relies on the principles of multibody dynamics, controlling the motion of the hand by PD controllers, and applying joint torques to the hand in order to exert forces on the grasped object. In this paper, we compare how well these principles perform in (a) accurately moving the virtual hand in the simulation space, (b) accurately positioning the fingers on the grasped objects, and (c) controlling the grasping forces on the objects.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Linewidth influenced by phase modulation and frequency modulation in optical feedback diode laser

We derive and calculate numerically laser linewidth by means of the laser rate equation in an extending diode laser cavity provided by an end reflector. We found that narrow linewidth is closely connected with phase modulation and frequency modulation. The numerical simulation shows the dominance of effect over another depends on inherent factors such as the α coefficient, bandwidth of laser, length of external cavity, reflective coefficient etc.
Application of a discrete vortex method for the analysis of suspension bridge deck sections

two dimensional discrete vortex method (DIVEX) has been developed to predict unsteady and incompressible flow fields around closed bodies. The basis of the method is the discretisation of the vorticity field, rather than the velocity field, into a series of vortex particles that are free to move in the flow field that the particles collectively induce. This paper gives a brief description of the numerical implementation of DIVEX and presents the results of calculations on a recent suspension bridge deck section. The predictions for the static section demonstrate that the method captures thecharacter of the flow field at different angles of incidence. In addition,flutter derivatives are obtained from simulations of the flow field aroundthe section undergoing vertical and torsional oscillatory motion. The subsequent predictions of the critical flutter velocity compare well with thosefrom both experiment and other computations. A brief study of the effect of flow control vanes on the aeroelastic stability of the bridge is also presented and the results from DIVEX are shown to be in accordance with previous analytical and experimental studies. In conclusion, the results indicatethat DIVEX is a very useful design tool in the field of wind engineering.
Cyclic Tests of Concrete-Filled Steel Box Columns

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the influences of the filled-in concrete on the strength, ductility and energy absorption capacity of the column. A total of 12 concrete-filled steel box column specimens modeling steel bridge piers were tested under a constant compressive axial load and cyclic lateral loads. In designing the specimens, the plate width-thickness ratio, slenderness ratio and length of the filled-in concrete were chosen as main parameters. Moreover, the effect of the diaphragm over the concrete, on the column behavior was also examined. The collapse characteristics of tested specimens were presented in detail to provide some useful information for understanding of their inelastic behavior under cyclic loading. Test results were also discussed in the light of improvement of ductility and energy-absorption capacity of steel bridge piers. It is concluded that concrete-filled steel box columns can be effectively used as bridge substructures in strong earthquake areas.
Physics and Technology of Semiconductor Devices

The Planar Technology. Solid-State Technology. Vapor-Phase Growth. Thermal Oxidation. Solid-State Diffusion. Semiconductors and Semiconductor Devices. Elements of Semiconductor Physics. Semiconductors under Non-Equilibrium Conditions. p-n Junction. Junction Transistor. Junction Field-Effect Transistors. Surface Effects and Surface-Controlled Devices. Theory of Semiconductor Surfaces. Surface Effects on p-n Junctions. Surface Field-Effect Transistors. Properties of the Silicon-Silicon Dioxide System.
Strangers everywhere? Home and unhomeliness in newly arrived pupils’ narratives on exile

ABSTRACT This article scrutinises the ways in which pupils who have experienced transnational migration construct ‘home’ and the unmaking of ‘home’. Researchers have argued that migrants’ perspectives on belonging are seldom granted scholarly attention. Here, we seek to redress this oversight by inquiring about the ways in which newly arrived migrants define their (un)homeliness in Sweden in the context of astate-sponsored introductory language programme. The focus is on how these pupils themselves define the notion of home, their sense of belonging, and what they envision as necessary to achieve in order to become part of the national community. What emerges in these stories is aconstant negotiation to fill the idea of ‘home’ with content. These negotiations take place in apresent, but always in relation to both apast and an imagined future– in which homeliness appears in different ways, with different meanings.
Novel efficient methods for inductance calculation of meander inductor

Purpose – Present 3D electromagnetic simulators have high accuracy but they are time and memory expensive. Owing to a fast and simple expression for inductance is also necessary for initial inductor design. In this paper, new efficient methods for total inductance calculation of meander inductor, are given. By using an algorithm, it is possible to predict correctly all inductance variations introduced by varying geometry parameters such as number of turns, width of conductor or spacing between conductors.Design/methodology/approach – The starting point for the derivation of the recurrent formula is Greenhouse theory. Greenhouse decomposed inductor into its constituent segments. Meander inductor is divided into straight conductive segments. Then the total inductance of the meander inductor is a sum of self‐inductances of all segments and the negative and positive mutual inductances between all combinations of straight segments. The monomial equation for the total inductance of meander inductor has been obt.
Traffic Prediction Using Multivariate Nonparametric Regression

The efficient control of traffic on motorways or freeways can produce many benefits, including quicker journey times, fewer pollutant emissions, and reduced driver stress. If it were possible to accurately predict the future state of traffic on a motorway, active measures could be taken to forestall congestion and its attendant negative impacts. This paper presents an intuitive method of producing these forecasts using a pattern matching technique. The technique adopted is novel in that it is a multivariate extension of nonparametric regression that exploits the three-dimensional nature of the traffic state. The application and other facets of the technique are illustrated with actual data from the London orbital motorway. The technique is able to produce forecasts for two of the three traffic state variables with reasonable accuracy and is capable of application on site.
Sky analysis from CCD images: cloud cover

One of the tasks in sky modelling is the determination of the location and amount of cloud coverage in the sky. Analysis using digital camera systems is possible but requires an automated method of separating sky images into clear sky and cloud regions. Two segmentation approaches have been used in this research, one based purely upon the colour characteristics of sky regions, the other a neural network approach using a wider range of variables. A convolution technique was developed to reduce classification errors prior to defining cloud outlines using polylines. Sensitivity analysis shows that this can be carried out efficiently with little loss of accuracy.
Two-color infrared missile warning sensors

Current missile-warning sensors on aircraft mostly operate in the ultraviolet wavelength band. Aimed primarily at detecting short-range, shoulder-fired surface-to-air missiles, the detection range of the sensors is of the same order as the threat range, which is 3-5 km. However, this range is only attained against older missiles, with bright exhaust flames. Modern missile developments include the use of new propellants, which generate low-intensity plumes. These threats are detected at much shorter ranges by current ultraviolet warning sensors, resulting in short reaction times. Infrared sensors are able to detect targets at a much longer range. In contrast with the ultraviolet band, in which a target is observed against an almost zero background, infrared sensors must extract targets from a complex background. This leads to a much higher false-alarm rate, which has thus far prevented the deployment of infrared sensors in a missile warning system. One way of reducing false-alarms levels is to make use of the spectral difference between missile plumes and the background. By carefully choosing two wavelength bands, the contrast between missile plume and background can be maximised. This paper presents a method to search for the best possible combination of two bands in the mid-wave infrared, that leads to the longest detection ranges and that works for a wide range of missile propellants. Detection ranges predicted in the infrared will be compared with those obtained in the ultraviolet, to demonstrate the increased range and, therefore, the increased reaction time for the aircraft.
The Optimal Transmission Range for Strip-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Strip-based sensor networks consist of a large amount of sensor nodes, which is characterized by multihop communication patterns. The nodes closer to the base station are required to forward more data than the nodes farther from the base station, leading to the problem of the energy hole and leaving the the areas of the network unmonitored. This paper analyzes energy consumption model of the uniform deployment and the nonuniform deployment and proves that there is an optimal transmission distance for these deployment strategies. The analysis shows clearly that the nonuniform deployment is more energy effect and more energy balance, which extend the network lifetime compared with the uniform deployment strategy.
Radial in-plane interferometer for ESPI measurement

This paper presents a new kind of double illumination interferometer used for true radial in-plane displacement measurement with electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). The basic principles, some characteristics and implementation details are discussed. Basic algorithms for displacement and strain measurements are presented and implementation details are given. A very robust and portable device was built using this new kind of interferometer to measure outside the optical bench. This device has been successfully used for residual stress measurements in a very efficient way where the blind hole drilling technique is used in combination with the radial displacement field. Early results show a potential measurement performance comparable to the conventional blind hole method using strain gages. Measurement time is almost one order less than the strain gage based measurement system.
Study on ANN Noise Adaptability in Application of Industry Process Characteristics Mining

One important technical solution to improve the efficiency and environment-friendly of a running industry process is to grasp its characteristics by data miming tools such as ANN. As field data are usually polluted by noise more or less and, even badly polluted sometimes, the noise adaptability of ANNs such as BP, RBF and fuzzy neural networks built on BP or RBF is analyzed in a quite thorough way. Firstly, as for computer simulation study, a MIMO non-linear process is supposed to be polluted by 3 different levels of white noise so as to observe and analyze the mining performances of the above 4 kinds ANNs. Then, their performances in characteristics mining of the combustion process of a running 600MWe boiler are further analyzed as a practical application case, which is polluted even more seriously by field data noise. The results show that noise adaptability cannot be ignored in the selection of data mining tools in engineering application. The ascending strong sort order of noise adaptability is BP, RBF and the fuzzy ones built on BP and RBF respectively. Fuzzy neural networks built on RBF are recommended for those complicated and noisy application like the boiler combustion case.
An Evaluation of Social Networks within a Federally Funded Research Project

Social networks play an important role in creating positive outcomes for members of social structures, for example, highly networked individuals experience increased performance, productivity, and scholarly outputs in academia. Social network analysis (SNA) provides researchers with an effective method to evaluate the functionality of teams and, consequently, goal achievement through documenting self-reported connections among team members. Therefore, the purpose of the research reported here was to present an evaluation approach for capturing the development and structure of social networks among members of a large USDA, NIFA funded research and Extension project housed at an R1 land-grant research institution. We concluded that: (a) team members were informally and professionally acquainted prior to the project, (b) mentor – mentee relationships established a framework for developing the next generation of scientists, (c) subgroups existed within the network as information and data sharing was centralized around a few participants, and (d) there was a communication gap between university graduate students and industry representatives who served as advisory board members for the project Recommendations for improving team functionality include: (a) improving communication among team members, and (b) implementing a mentoring program to pair university students with industry representatives to improve the relevance of academic research products among growers.
Measurement of In Situ Hydraulic Conductivity and Coefficient of Consolidation with Prefabricated Vertical Drains

Prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) are often used to improve soils by speeding up the rate of consolidation, and they are increasingly used for remediation of contaminated soils. When PVDs are installed in the ground, there is always a zone of disturbed soil surrounding them. The extent and the impact of this "smear" zone are difficult to quantify, and this uncertainty complicates the use of laboratory values in design. Consequently, obtaining in situ values for the hydraulic conductivity and horizontal coefficient of consolidation that include the effects of smear would be of great use to engineers who use PVDs in design. A method that utilizes PVDs to obtain in situ measurements of these parameters is described. The primary advantages of this method are its cost-effectiveness and the inclusion of smear in the results. A trial test was conducted on San Francisco Bay, California, mud. Some problems encountered during the initial phase of testing are described, and possible solutions are discussed. This promising method yields values that are logical and that compare well with published values for San Francisco Bay mud.
Lean production and leadership attributes – the case of Hungarian production managers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate leadership attributes that contribute to or inhibit the successful adaptation of lean techniques. Design/methodology/approach – Using leadership attributes of the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) project, this paper develops an ideal leadership profile of a production manager who aims to develop a lean production system (based on Liker’s seminal work in 2004). Five hypotheses related to contributor and inhibitor leadership behaviors and their associated leadership attributes are analyzed using survey data based on a PLS model. Findings – According to the results, the proposed conceptual leadership profile, in which leadership attributes are divided into two sets (contributors and inhibitors), required modification. The authors identified five distinct leadership behaviors (specific interrelated sets of leadership attributes). Two of the five leadership behaviors (communicative and micromanager) for production managers.
Reducing the shot counts of mask writing with OPC by extracting repeating patterns

In May 2006, the Mask Design, Drawing, and Inspection Technology Research Department (Mask D2I) at the Association of Super-Advanced Electronics Technologies (ASET) launched 4-year program for reducing mask manufacturing cost and TAT by concurrent optimization of MDP, mask writing, and mask inspection [1]. One area of the project focuses on clever utilization of repeating patterns where the repeating patterns are extracted from the mask data after the layout has been run through its OPC process. The data thus obtained is then used as Character Projection (CP) for reducing the shot counts during the subsequent electron beam writing step. We have developed a software that can extract repeated pattern from mask data. This software has been verified by using actual device production data obtained from the member companies of MaskD2I. In this paper, we will address the effect of reducing the shot counts on TAT in mask writing. In order to evaluate the usefulness of extraction repeating patterns, we will also show the result of extraction common repeating patterns from multiple masks and the investigation result of EB proximity effect on CP drawing.
Fabrication and performance of all NbN Josephson junction circuits

A novel process suitable for fabricating superconducting circuitry based on the all refractory material NbN is described. In this process, an in-situ trilayer film composed of NbN/MgO/NbN is used to fabricate Josephson tunnel junctions. Reactive ion etching processes are used to delineate devices and pattern insulators and metallizations. Fabricated junctions have yielded good tunneling characteristics with reasonable current density uniformity and reproducibility. Devices with gap voltages close to 5mV have been achieved for high quality junctions. In addition to the trilayer, there are two wiring layers, two resistor depositions, and two insulation layers, constituting a full NbN based fabrication technology. Using this process, we fabricated and successfully tested thin film DC SQUID and time domain reflectometer (TDR) circuits. Preliminary measurements suggest that the critical temperature of these circuits is well within the operating temperature of commercial two-stage closed cycle refrigerators.
Intelligent design of gating channels for casting

AbstractA systematic and integrated approach to automate the design of gating channels for casting is presented. The type of gating system and the layout of gating channels are selected by a set of rules stored in a knowledge base. A decision tree incorporating a conflict resolution mechanism has been developed to compute various parameters of the gating system and view the effect of changing a particular parameter on others. Simplified simulation of molten metal impingement, flow, and filling in the mould is carried out, followed by quantitative assessment of the entire gating system using a set of sixteen criteria. This approach enables rapid modification of the gating design and if necessary, the casting design, to achieve the required quality and yield. The results of the program developed in this investigation are presented for a three-dimensional model of a valve casting.
Simulation Based Evaluation of Highway Road Scenario between DSRC/802.11p MAC Protocol and STDMA for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

In this paper the DSRC/IEEE 802.11p Medium Access Control (MAC) method of the vehicular communication has been simulated on highway road scenario with periodic broadcast of packets in a vehicle-to-vehicle situation. IEEE 802.11p MAC method is basically based on carrier sense multiple accesses (CSMA) where nodes listen to the wireless channel before sending the packets. If the channel is busy, the vehicle node must defer its access and during high utilization periods this could lead to unbounded delays. This well-known property of CSMA is undesirable for critical communications scenarios. The simulation results reveal that a specific vehicle is forced to drop over 80% of its packets/messages because no channel access was possible before the next message/packet was generated. To overcome this problem, we propose to use self-organizing time division multiple access (STDMA) for real-time data traffic between vehicles. Our initial results indicate that STDMA outperforms CSMA for time-critical traffic safety applications in ad- hoc vehicular networks.
A miniaturised monopole antenna for ultra-wide band applications with band-notch filter

This study presents a new miniaturised printed monopole antenna. The size of the antenna is 18times18 mm 2 . First simple design rules are given to arrive at an initial design for the antenna, then the antenna parameters are optimised for utilisation in ultra wide band (UWB) applications. The performance parameters like voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the single antenna as well as transmission function, group delay and the fidelity factor of a two-antenna system are calculated and measured. It is shown that the band-notched performance can be obtained from the designed antenna by introducing simple pi-shape or V-shape slots in its radiating element. Good agreements between simulated and measured results are observed.