Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Waveguide Coupled Microstrip Patch Antenna a New Approach for Broad Band Antenna

A new technique is developed to couple the advantages of both the microstrip patch antenna and rectangular waveguide. An equilateral triangle is used as a radiating patch. This patch is fabricated on one face of a single-layer dielectric substrate with double-sided copper clad coated with tin, and on the other face an iris is fabricated and coupled to the waveguide. Antenna parameters such as return loss and bandwidth are studied for a circular patch. The results obtained are discussed in detail and explained. Matlab PDE toolbox is used to generate two-dimensional meshes. These meshes are converted into a three-dimensional form using subdomain numbers. RWG basis functions are used for MoM to calculate impedances. Reflection coefficient and 2D current are obtained using the complex impedances.
COPPER, NICKEL AND ZINC REMOVAL BY PEANUT HULLS: BATCH AND COLUMN STUDIES IN MONO, TRI-COMPONENT SYSTEMS AND WITH REAL EFFLUENT

The main goal of this research study was the removal of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions using peanut hulls. This work was mainly focused on the following aspects: chemical characterization of the biosorbent, kinetic studies, study of the pH influence in mono-component systems, equilibrium isotherms and column studies, both in mono and tri-component systems, and with a real industrial effluent from the electroplating industry. The chemical characterization of peanut hulls showed a high cellulose (44.8%) and lignin (36.1%) content, which favours biosorption of metal cations. The kinetic studies performed indicate that most of the sorption occurs in the first 30 min for all systems. In general, a pseudo-second order kinetics was followed, both in mono and tri-component systems. The equilibrium isotherms were better described by Freundlich model in all systems. Peanut hulls showed higher affinity for copper than for nickel and zinc when they are both present. The pH value between 5 and 6 was the most favourable for all systems. The sorbent capacity in column was 0.028 and 0.025 mmol g -1 for copper, respectively in mono and tri-component systems. A decrease of capacity for copper (50%) was observed when dealing with the real effluent. The Yoon-Nelson, Thomas and Yan’s models were fitted to the experimental data, being the latter the best fit.
Underwater Quantum Key Distribution in Outdoor Conditions with Twisted Photons

Quantum communication has been successfully implemented in optical fibres and through free-space [1-3]. Fibre systems, though capable of fast key rates and low quantum bit error rates (QBERs), are impractical in communicating with destinations without an established fibre link [4]. Free-space quantum channels can overcome such limitations and reach long distances with the advent of satellite-to-ground links [5-8]. Shorter line-of-sight free-space links have also been realized for intra-city conditions [2, 9]. However, turbulence, resulting from local fluctuations in refractive index, becomes a major challenge by adding errors and losses [10]. Recently, an interest in investigating the possibility of underwater quantum channels has arisen, which could provide global secure communication channels among submersibles and boats [11-13]. Here, we investigate the effect of turbulence on an underwater quantum channel using twisted photons in outdoor conditions. We study the effect of turbulence on transmitted QBERs, and compare different QKD protocols in an underwater quantum channel showing the feasibility of high-dimensional encoding schemes. Our work may open the way for secure high-dimensional quantum communication between submersibles, and provides important input for potential submersibles-to-satellite quantum communication.
Metabolic Pathways as Targets for Drug Screening

In the drug development process, candidate compounds are first screened for desirable biological properties such as effects on gene expression, signal transduction, or enzyme activity. The genetic and metabolic pathways used in the readouts are known as targets of the drug screening process. Despite advances in molecular targeting, proteomics and metabolomics, drug screening with molecular or metabolic targets have not produced the results that meet the need of the pharmaceutical industry in the selection of small molecules leads/targets for clinical testing. The relative lack of success in applying the -omics in drug screening is partly due to the inability of the –omics to account for metabolic regulation, a property of the cellular metabolic network. More recently, tracer-based metabolomics has been developed as an experimental approach for the study of cellular metabolic networks. Interconversion of metabolites are measured in terms of “extreme pathways” of the metabolic network which can be used for drug screening purposes. In this paper, these approaches for drug screening targeting genetic pathways (transcriptomics), biochemical pathways (metabolomics and fluxomics) and ‘extreme pathways” (tracer-based metabolomics) are compared. The advantages and limitations of these approaches for metabolic research and drug screening are discussed.
Monitoring Propagations in the Blogosphere for Viral Marketing

Even though blog contents vary a lot in quality, the disclosure of personal opinions and the huge blogging population always attracts marketing∂ s attention on blog information. In this paper, we investigate how marketers can identify the information propagation in degree among blog communities. In this way, topic similarity, relatedness, and word repetition between leader and followers∂ writing products are considered as the propagated information. The contribution of this paper is twofold. The work presented here is to show how blog content can be economically and feasibly analyzed by existing internet sources such as Wikipedia database and the usage of page return from a Japanese search engine. To this extent, this system, which combined in-link algorithms and text mining analyzes, tracing propagation channels and propagateable information allows analyzing the power of influences in viral marketing. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the system by applying blogger identification, topic identification, and the topic propagations.
Abundance stratification in type Ia supernovae – IV. The luminous, peculiar SN 1991T

The abundance distribution of the elements in the ejecta of the peculiar, luminous Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 1991T is obtained modelling spectra from before maximum light until a year after the explosion, with the method of ‘Abundance Tomography’. SN 1991T is different from other slowly declining SNe Ia (e.g. SN 1999ee) in having a weaker Si II 6355 line and strong features of iron group elements before maximum. The distance to the SN is investigated along with the abundances and the density profile. The ionization transition that happens around maximum sets a strict upper limit on the luminosity. Both W7 and the WDD3 delayed detonation models are tested. WDD3 is found to provide marginally better fits. In this model the core of the ejecta is dominated by stable Fe with a mass of about 0.15 M⊙, as in most SNe Ia. The layer above is mainly 56Ni up to v ∼ 10 000 km s−1 (≈0.78 M⊙). A significant amount of 56Ni (∼3 per cent) is located in the outer layers. A narrow layer between 10 000 km s−1 and ∼12 000 km s−1 is dominated by intermediate-mass elements (IME), ∼0.18 M⊙. This is small for a SN Ia. The high luminosity and the consequently high ionization, and the high 56Ni abundance at high velocities, explain the peculiar early-time spectra of SN 1991T. The outer part is mainly of oxygen, ∼0.3 M⊙. Carbon lines are never detected, yielding an upper limit of 0.01 M⊙ for C. The abundances obtained with the W7 density model are qualitatively similar to those of the WDD3 model. Different elements are stratified with moderate mixing, resembling a delayed detonation.
Performance Analysis of Quantized Feedback JLS Precoder in CoMP transmission

Joint Processing (JP) in Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission allows user data to be jointly processed by several interfering base stations to achieve high performance and large capacity gain. This is achieved by making use of timing advance mechanisms; to ensure that the desired signals from the cooperating cells reach the mobile station at exactly the same time. The Joint Leakage Suppression (JLS) precoder is a suitable linear precoding scheme in this scenario. In this paper, JLS performance analysis is considered under real assumptions such as the presence of asynchronous reception of the interfering signals and the effect of the finite capacity backhaul links. The effect of quantizing the feedback channel on the sum rate is derived, and a tight upper bound of the rate loss due to quantization is obtained. Simulation results are provided to validate these results.
Molecular epidemiology of viral meningitis in children in south east of

Viruses are the most common causes of aseptic meningitis. Early detection, treatment and management of viral meningitis are priority. This study aimed to evaluate common viral meningitis in children referred to Taleghani pediatrics hospital in Gorgan, south east of Caspian Sea, Iran. In this descriptive study CSF and blood samples were taken from 40 children with negative bacterial culture who were referred with meningitis symptoms since Jun 2008 till Sep 2010. Samples were used for viral, biochemical and cytological assays. DNA extraction was done by high pure viral nucleic acid kit of viral nucleic acid from CSF. PCR and Real-time PCR were performed for detection of viruses. Demographic, clinical, biochemical and cytological data were collected and entered in SPSS version 18. All cases with p<0.05 were considered as significant. In overall 12 (30%) viruses were detected by distribution of 5 (41/7%) Enterovirus, 4 (33/3%) Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and 3 (25%) Mumps virus. Patients aged between 1 month to 10 years old with mean of 3 years old of which 92/5% were living in urban area. All positive cases showed fever and CSF Pleosytosis with no bacterial growth, gram staining and urinary tract infection. In conclusion, the results showed that clinical and biochemical analyses are not sufficient for certain diagnosis of meningitis in children and molecular assay is recommended to apply for early detection, treatment and management of viral meningitis.
Negative energy balance and metabolic stress in relation to oocyte and embryo quality: an update on possible pathways reducing fertility in dairy cows

A negative energy balance in metabolically compromised high producing dairy cows has been shown to influence oocyte and embryo quality. However, the possible involved pathways needed more attention to better understand specific deleterious effects. Oocyte maturation is the first process to be scrutinized. Because many possible metabolic factors might directly impact oocyte quality, systematic in vitro approaches were used to investigate the effects of oocyte maturation under elevated NEFA concentrations. Blastocysts originating from NEFA-exposed oocytes showed a lower cell number, an increased apoptotic cell index, signs of glucose intolerance, sensitive to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Defining these embryos’ transcriptome and epigenome signatures revealed changes in DNA methylation patterns. Long-term exposure of developing murine follicles to elevated NEFA concentrations showed to impair oocyte developmental competence even more. While little is known on how the oviductal microenvironment can change as a consequence of a negative energy balance, a validated in vitro bovine oviduct model offered some valuable insights on how NEFAs disturb oviductal cell physiology. NEFA exposure reduces cell proliferation, cell migration, sperm binding capacity and monolayer integrity. In addition, oviductal cells seem to play an active role in regulating luminal NEFA-concentrations through increased permeability, intracellular lipid accumulation and fatty acid metabolism. This might favour early embryo development. The establishment of a successful pregnancy largely depends on the ability of the embryo to interact with a properly prepared endometrium. Because suboptimal physiological conditions influence oocyte maturation and embryo development to the extent that epigenetic consequences are unavoidable, the question arises if these changes hamper embryo implantation and subsequent development. Gene expression studies on epithelial endometrial cells brought in contact with in vitro embryos cultured for 4 days under suboptimal conditions reveal that the embryo-endometrial signaling is affected. Transfer of bovine embryos derived from compromised oocytes showed disturbed embryo development following recovery at day 14 with a negative impact on IFNt secretion and therefore suggesting carry-over effects from suboptimal culture conditions. The current paper will document the most important recent findings and comment on extrapolation possibilities from in vitro studies to field conditions in daily dairy practice. In addition, the possibility of remediating approaches will be discussed to see how this knowledge might generate insights on possible alleviating strategies.
Dynamic Programming, Maximum Principle and Vintage Capital

We present an application of the Dynamic Programming (DP) and of the Maximum Principle (MP) to solve an optimization over time when the production function is linear in the stock of capital (Ak model). Two views of capital are considered. In one, which is embraced by the great majority of macroeconomic models, capital is homogeneous and depreciates at a constant exogenous rate. In the other view each piece of capital has its own ﬁnite productive life cycle (vintage capital). The interpretation of the time patterns of macroaggregates is quite different between the two cases. A technological shock generates an oscillatory movement in the time pattern of per capita output when capital has a vintage structure; conversely an instantaneous adjustment with no transitional dynamics occurs when capital is homogeneous. From a methodological point of view it emerges that the DP approach delivers sharper results than the MP approach (for instance it delivers a closed form solution for the optimal investment strategy) under slacker parameter restrictions. Cross-time and cross-country data on investments, income, and consumption drawn from the Penn World Table version 6.2 are used to evaluate the vintage and standard Ak model.
Frequency-dependent selection and environmental heterogeneity as selective mechanisms in wild populations

Poikonen, Tanja Frequency-dependent selection and environmental heterogeneity as selective mechanisms in wild populations Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2010, 44 p. (Jyvaskyla Studies in Biological and Environmental Science ISSN 1456-9701; 215) ISBN 978-951-39-4138-3 (PDF), 978-951-39-4108-6 (nid.) Yhteenveto: Frekvenssista riippuva valinta ja ympariston heterogeenisyys luonnonvalintaa ohjaavina tekijoina luonnonpopulaatiossa Diss. A central question in evolutionary biology is the maintenance of genetic variation, the material for natural selection. Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the maintenance of variation. In this thesis, I study the mechanisms maintaining genetic variation in two traits: infanticidal behaviour and immune function. My model species is the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), which is the most common small rodent in Finland. I employed quantitative genetic methods to assess the proportion of heritable genetic variation in the studied traits and found that both of these traits show a marked additive genetic basis. Next, I employed experimental field and laboratory studies to determine the fitness effects on survival and reproductive success of manipulating the frequencies of the different genotypes, pathogenic environment or level of food resources, by using individuals that differed genetically in infanticidal behaviour or immune function. These studies provide evidence of two main mechanisms maintaining genetic variation in the studied behavioural and physiological traits: environmental heterogeneity and negative frequency-dependent selection. The results shed new light on the genetic basis of these important traits as well as the factors maintaining variation in natural populations.
A REVIEW OF IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES: DEVELOPMENT TRENDS TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE

Steganography deals with the study of invisible information. It is the art and science of hiding the existence of message being sent so that except sender and receiver no one knows about the sent message. Secret message is hidden inside mediums like text, images, network and protocol. These are used as carrier to hide the secret message without any significant change in the carrier which is visible to human eye. This doesn’t cause any suspicion about the secret message. This paper presents the review of different security and data hiding techniques available that are used to implement the image steganography.
An Abstract Interpretation with the Interval Domain for C-like Programs

We defined an intermediate representation called G for representing programs written in imperative languages like C. We designed an abstract interpretation of G using the interval domain and proved its soundness. As a real world application, we implemented an abstract interpreter that analyzes array index ranges, and finds bu er overrun errors in real C programs. Implementation techniques used in our analyzer and its performance are presented.
Passband and defective bands in photonic and quasi-crystals

The origin of the passband in one-dimensional photonic crystals and Fibonacci quasi-crystals is investigated by the transmission spectra and effective medium theory. The interference and coupling effects influence the formation and properties of the passbands, which can be divided into the basic band and subband formed by coupling interference modes and inhomogeneous dielectric constants, respectively. The optimal length can be obtained through a transcendental equation to show the maximum bandgap for a photonic crystal at the balance condition between interference and coupling effects. By changing the sequence of the two dielectric materials to fabricate a photonic crystal heterostructure, composed of the photonic crystal and quasi-crystal, an enlarging photonic bandgap can be obtained, since the width of the dielectric and air bands can be narrowed by decreasing the photon coupling effect, and the subband and defective band can be eliminated. The effective medium theory provides a good understanding about the formation mechanism of passbands in photonic and quasi-crystals.
INTERSEISMIC DEFORMATION ACROSS THE EASTERN ALTYN TAGH FAULT FROM INSAR MEASUREMENTS

Abstract. As a new type of earth observation technique, InSAR has a lot of advantages, such as all-weather, all-time, high precision, high density, wide coverage and low cost. It has been widely used in deformation monitoring. Taking the eastern segment of Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) as the object of the research, this paper discussed the application of multi-temporal InSAR technology in the field of interseismic deformation monitoring. We measured the interseismic deformation along the eastern section of ATF using three neighboring descending tracks SAR data from the ERS and Envisat missions. The results show that, first, the validation of InSAR results is better than 2.5 mm/yr, the calibration of InSAR results is about 1.06 mm/yr. Second, the fault slip rate in this segment is about 4–7 mm/yr, and is in the locked condition. Third, The InSAR velocity profile across the fault is the clear asymmetry with respect to ATF, it may be the combined effect of northern (NATF) and southern (SATF) branches of ATF.
Detection of Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium Species Harbouring Organophosphorus Degrading Elements from Environment

Objective The extensive pollution of natural ecosystems has occurred by organophosphorus pesticides, being used for improvement of crop production in agriculture. Biodegradation is interested in application of multifunctional bacteria containing genetical elements which specially degrade organophosphorus compounds. In this paper the detection of two bacteria species, Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium , which harbouring organophosphorus degrading elements from environmental samples is reported. Materials and Methods Several resistant strains isolated from different cultures that previously were cultivated with related sources such as soils and waters. These bacteria had been isolated from organophosphorus enriched mineral solutions, and following inoculation, visible colonies were observed on mineral and MacConkey's agar medium. The resistant bacteria were identified by conventional procedures and monitored with certain properties like stability, tolerance, resistance to organophosphorus compounds and different antibiotics. The genetical elements for organophosphate degradation were confirmed by adding acridine orange to culture of resistant strains which could delete these capabilities. Results Fifty strains were optimally grown in presence of three classes of organophophoruses like guthion, dimethoate and methyl parathion with concentrations of 2.5, 4, and 8 gl -1 respectively. The gram-negative bacteria were identified using conventional diagnostic procedures, as Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium species. These strains were harbouring organophosphorus degrading elements which were deleted by acridine orange as mutagen. Also, most of these bacteria were resistant to different antibiotics that used as biomarkers in discrimination of sensitive strains to organophosphoruses. Conclusion The genetical elements such as resistance to organophosphoruses and antibiotics were transferred to the sensitive bacteria by matting technique and cured as multifunctional organisms which had high capability for various organophosphoruses. The multi-degrading strains might be suggested as useful tools for detoxification of harmful organophosphoruses in agriculture.
Black plastic sandwiches demonstrating biaxial optical anisotropy

Transparent overhead-projector foil is an anisotropic material with three different principal refractive indices. Its properties can be demonstrated very simply by sandwiching the foil between crossed polarizers and looking through it at any diffusely lit surface (e.g., the sky). Coloured interference fringes are seen, organized by a pattern of rings centred on two 'bullseyes' in the directions of the two optic axes. The fringes are difference contours of the two refractive indices corresponding to propagation in each direction, and the bullseyes are degeneracies where the refractive-index surfaces intersect conically. Each bullseye is crossed by a black 'fermion brush' reflecting the sign change (geometric phase) of each polarization in a circuit of the optic axis. Simple observations lead to the determination of the three refractive indices, up to an ordering ambiguity.
Catalan Restrictive Relatives: Core and Periphery

The rules involved in the derivation of headed and free relatives are (a) WH-movement and (b) deletion of the wH-phrase in COMP. One filter blocks an empty COMP, and another blocks a doubly-filled COMP. Deletion in COMP has an obligatory character in standard Catalan; this is a peripheral dimension that is unproblematic for the language learner. Catalan deletes any category in COMP up to recoverability, including PP's; this is the core situation found in French, but it is restricted by addition of a peripheral dimension that allows only NP-deletion. The interpretation of the core/periphery dichotomy developed in this paper may provide a fruitful framework for comparative grammar and historical research.