Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Lyn and the Atypical Kinase in a Basal Breast Cancer Signaling Pathway

We recently identified a prominent Src family kinase (SFK) signaling network in basal breast cancer cells that features high expression of the SFK Lyn. In the current study we used quantitative phosphoproteomic profiling to identify novel Lyn substrates, which included the atypical kinase SgK269, also known as PEAK1. Amongst breast cancer cell lines, SgK269 expression was strongly associated with the basal phenotype, while in primary breast cancers, marked SgK269 overexpression was detected in a subset of basal, HER2 and luminal cancers. In MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells, SgK269 promoted transition to a mesenchymal phenotype and increased cell motility and invasion. In addition, growth of MCF-10A acini in three-dimensional culture was greatly enhanced upon SgK269 over-expression, which also induced an abnormal, multilobular acinar morphology and promoted Erk and Stat3 activation. Importantly, a SgK269 mutant where a major Lyn phosphorylation site, Y635, was mutated to phenylalanine was unable to enhance acinar size or cellular invasion. We demonstrate that Y635 represents a Grb2 binding site that promotes both Stat3 and Erk activation in 3D culture. Knockdown of SgK269 in basal breast cancer cells promoted acquisition of epithelial characteristics and decreased anchorage-independent growth. These studies identify a novel signaling pathway in basal breast cancer involving Lyn and SgK269 that presents opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Resistance of weeds to ALS-inhibiting herbicides: what have we learned?

Abstract Herbicides that target the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS) are among the most widely used in the world. Unfortunately, these herbicides are also notorious for their ability to select resistant (R) weed populations. Now, there are more weed species that are resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides than to any other herbicide group. In most cases, resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides is caused by an altered ALS enzyme. The frequent occurrence of weed populations resistant to ALS inhibitors can be attributed to the widespread usage of these herbicides, how they have been used, the strong selection pressure they exert, and the resistance mechanism. In several cropping systems, ALS-inhibiting herbicides were used repeatedly as the primary mechanism of weed control. These herbicides exert strong selection pressure because of their high activity on sensitive biotypes at the rates used and because of their soil residual activity. Several point mutations within the gene encoding ALS can result in a herbicide-resistant ALS. From investigations of numerous R weed biotypes, five conserved amino acids have been identified in ALS that, on substitution, can confer resistance to ALS inhibitors. Substitutions of at least 12 additional ALS amino acids can also confer herbicide resistance in plants and other organisms but, to date, have not been found in R weed populations. Mutations in ALS conferring herbicide resistance are at least partially dominant, and because the gene is nuclear inherited, it is transmitted by both seed and pollen. Furthermore, in many cases there is apparently a negligible fitness cost of the resistance gene in the absence of herbicide selection. Although resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides has been a bane to weed management, it has spurred many advances within and beyond the weed science discipline. As examples, resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides has been exploited in the development of herbicide-resistant crops, studies of weed population dynamics, and in developing protocols for targeted gene modification. Resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides has greatly affected weed science by influencing how we view the sustainability of our weed management practices, what we consider when developing and marketing new herbicides, and how we train new weed scientists.
Channels of buyer influence and labor standard compliance: the case of Cambodia's garment sector

Given the continued growth in the globalization of production, working conditions in global supply chains have come under increased scrutiny. Although there has been much debate about corporate codes of conduct and monitoring procedures, the question of how buyers influence their suppliers’ working conditions at the factory level remains poorly understood. Using a unique data set based on monitoring by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and original survey data collected in Cambodia's garment sector, this study shows that the main channel linking buyers and supplier compliance performance is the nature of their relationships. Market-based relationships mediated through sourcing agents are systematically associated with poorer compliance performance. In particular, when a reputation-conscious buyer is sourcing from a factory, it has a positive effect on compliance, and their presence appears to condition relationship variables. Deterrence and learning channels are not supported by the evidence. The findings signal the need to pay more attention to the nature of buyer–supplier relationships if we seek to improve labor standard compliance. Market-based relationships motivate neither buyers nor suppliers to invest their time and resources to tackle the root causes of poor working conditions. Rather, the results here indicate the need to develop collaborative relationships marked by open dialogue, trust, and commitment, which in turn help to foster an environment supportive of continuous improvement in working conditions.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Cheap but ighty : how global imbalances create nancial fragility

Can a wealth shift to emerging countries explain instability in developed countries? Investors exposed to political risk seek safety in countries with better property right protection. This induces private intermediaries to offer safety via inexpensive demandable debt, and increase lending into marginal projects. Because safety conscious foreigners escape any risk by running also in some good states, cheap foreign funding leads to larger and more frequent runs. Beyond some scale, foreign runs also induce domestic runs in order to avoid dilution. When excess liquidation causes social losses, a domestic planner may limit the scale of foreign inflows or credit volume.
Diagnostic Imaging for Solid Renal Tumors: A Pictorial Review

The prognosis of renal tumors depends on histologic subtype. The increased use of abdominal imaging has resulted in an increase in the number of small renal incidentaloma in recent decades. Of these incidentally discovered tumors, 20% are benign lesions warranting conservative management, but most are renal cell carcinomas that warrant a more aggressive therapeutic approach due to their malignant potential. Dedicated diagnostic renal imaging is important for characterization of renal tumors to facilitate treatment planning. This review discusses the ability to detect and differentiate renal cell carcinoma subtypes, angiomyolipoma and oncocytoma based on ultrasound imaging, computed tomography, multiparametric magnetic resonance, and nuclear imaging.
Do External Auditors Perform a Corporate Governance Role in Emerging Markets? Evidence from East Asia

In emerging markets, the concentration of corporate ownership has created agency conflicts between controlling owners and minority shareholders. Conventional corporate control mechanisms such as boards of directors and takeovers are typically weak in containing the agency problem. This study examines whether external independent auditors could be employed as monitors and as bonding mechanisms to alleviate the agency conflict. Using a broad sample of firms from eight East Asian economies, we document that firms are more likely to employ Big Five auditors when they are more subject to the agency problem imbedded in their ultimate ownership structure. One possible reason that this documented relation between auditor choice and the agency problem is more evident than the inconsistent results using U.S. and U.K. data is that alternative governance mechanisms are limited in East Asia. In addition, among East Asian auditees subject to the agency problem, Big Five auditors charge a higher fee and set a lower audit modification threshold while non-Big Five auditors do not. Taken together, the evidence suggests that Big Five auditors in emerging markets do have a corporate governance role.
Illumination-invariant phase-shifting algorithm for three-dimensional profilometry of a moving object

Abstract. Uneven illumination is a common problem in practical optical systems designed for machine vision applications, and it leads to significant errors when phase-shifting algorithms (PSA) are used to reconstruct the surface of a moving object. We propose an illumination-reflectivity-focus model to characterize this uneven illumination effect on phase-measuring profilometry. With this model, we separate the illumination factor effectively and consider the phase reconstruction from an optimization perspective. Furthermore, we formulate an illumination-invariant phase-shifting algorithm (II-PSA) to reconstruct the surface of a moving object under an uneven illumination environment. Experimental results show that it can improve the reconstruction quality both visually and numerically.
Hierarchical Bayes models for daily rainfall time series at multiple locations from heterogenous data sources

We estimate a Hierarchical Bayesian models for daily rainfall that incorporates two novelties for estimating spatial and temporal correlations. We estimate the within site time series correlations for a particular rainfall site using multiple data sources at a given location, and we estimate the across site covariance in rainfall based on location distance. Previous rainfall models have captured cross site correlations as a functions of site specific distances, but not within site correlations across multiple data sources, and not both aspects simultaneously. Further, we incorporate information on the technology used (satellite versus rain gauge) in our estimations, which is also a novel addition. This methodology has far reaching applications in providing more accurate and complex weather insurance contracts based combining information from multiple data sources from a single site, a crucial improvement in the face of climate change. Secondly, the modeling extends to many other data contexts where multiple datasources exist for a given event or variable where both within and between series covariances can be estimated over time.
Crack Detection via Differential Excitation and Gradient Orientation Based on Descriptor

Crack detection and measurement in civil structures has been a constant field of research. In this paper, differential excitation, gradient orientation which is the important components of descriptor is proposed which is a new approach in the field of crack detection.Differential excitation component is defined as a function of two components. i.e., the relative intensity differences of current pixel with its neighbors and the intensity of current pixel whereas the orientation component is the gradient orientation of current pixel. It is done by introducing local spatial information, where an image is divided into number of blocks and histogram were computed for each blocks and concatenated. Based on this crack detection and further measurement of crack is done. Experimental result shows that this technique exhibits better performance and crack detection is done more efficiently.
Ku BAND ELECTROMAGNETIC BANDGAP ANTENNAS

Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) materials, also known as photonic crystals, have created new innovative methods for controlling the electromagnetic behaviour of antennas and other electronic devices. Created from periodic dielectric and/or metallic structures these materials are characterized by a band of frequencies where no propagating modes exist, known as the EBG. In different implementations, the EBG properties may be used to guide, filter, store, reflect or collimate electromagnetic waves. In this paper we provide a brief review of several EBG antenna designs from our research, describe their operation, and highlight the advantages and potential applications of each device.
PNS MEASUREMENT OF THE NEUTRON MULTIPLICATION FACTOR IN DEEPLY SUBCRITICAL STATES FOR ADS ON EXAMPLE OF YALINA-THERMAL ASSEMBLY

Pulsed neutron source (PNS) measurements and methods are widely used in experimental physics of subcritical reactors. Initially, these methods were developed for critical cores and later they were adopted for subcritical cores. In this work, PNS experiments, computer simulations, and analytical models study the YALINA Thermal facility for a wide range of subcritical configurations; the latter have an effective multiplication factor ranging from 0.749 (deep subcritical) up to 0.975 (close to criticality).
Assessing the impact of aquaculture farms using remote sensing: an empirical neural network algorithm for Ildırı Bay, Turkey

The potential impact of aquaculture on Ildoro Bay, Turkey, was assessed using remote sensing data collected over 37 d between September 2009 and February 2011. The dataset was improved by applying a local empirical neural network (NN) algorithm. Impact was evaluated in terms of total suspended matter (TSM) and Secchi disk depth (SDD) as effective variables showing changes in underwater light fields in each defined subarea. Subareas were farm sites with their peripheries (impact zones) and the whole study area for 2 different regions within the bay. Real-time datasets of TSM and SDD were obtained for 7 different days within the same period. To create an NN algorithm, the full swath of geo-located products (with 300 m resolution) from the MERIS sensor aboard ENVISAT was used along with in situ data. The NN algorithm showed good performance, with an accuracy of 97.46% for TSM and 99.58% for SDD. No significant (Fs > 0.05) impact on the environment was observed; however, the time series analyses of similarities and anomalies showed that the impact zones have different temporal characteristics compared to the whole bay and vice versa. The highest particle concentrations and lowest light penetration occurred in the spring and summer. Water circulation patterns were identified as the major force determining the distribution and hence the source of particles and were also applied to reflect the particle loads introduced by feeding activity performed in aquaculture facilities. The influence of dissolved organic carbon to TSM and SDD indicates that the contribution of colored dissolved organic matter is another impor- tant variable for effective monitoring of aquaculture activity in the bay.
Performance Analysis of a Boost Converter with Components Losses

A theoretical study of a conventional boost converter is presented. Based on the real behavior of the components, two models of the boost converter are introduced: one dealing only with losses through inductor and capacitor and another taking into account switching losses in addition to resistive ones. From these two models, the detailed analytical expressions of both voltage gain factor and conversion efficiency are established taking into account the losses through parasitic resistances and switching losses. The behavior of the converter is then analyzed for each model by simulation for the voltage gain factor and the conversion efficiency.
Abstinence-Related Motivational Engagement Scale: Validity and Reliability in Turkish People.

OBJECTIVES This research aimed to conduct a validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the abstinence-related motivational engagement (ARME) scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 122 people and was administered in a smoking cessation clinic. The sociodemographic-smoking status characteristics questionnaire and the ARME scale were used for data collection. A psycholinguistic language adaptation was performed. In the validity, analyses, content, construct, and criterion-related validities were used. For content validity, expert evaluation was performed. For construct validity, principal component analyses (exploratory factor analyses) were performed. Orthogonal (Varimax) rotation was used to explore multiple factors. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was used to assess the adequacy of the sample size. For criterion-related validity, we compared the ARME scale points of people who were abstinent and had relapse for smoking at the end of the sixth month. In the reliability analysis, standard deviation (SD) and item analysis, internal consistency, and test-retest methods were used. RESULTS The four factors explain 58% of the total variance. Items have factor loading between 0.409 and 0.805. When the factor structure of the scale was assessed, the items in each factor group have a factor load of at least "0.40. " Due to one-dimensional use of the original scale, it has been decided to maintain this scale in its original form. The ARME scale points of people who quit smoking were statistically higher than the points of people who had relapse at the end of the sixth month. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were between 0.846 and 0.763. Significant and positive correlation was found between the test-retest scale scores. CONCLUSION The Turkish adaptation of the ARME scale, which was developed for adults who quitted smoking, is an adequately valid and reliable measurement instrument. It is considered that the scale might be used reliably in different cultures as well.
Solubility of iron in the Southern Ocean

Iron solubility (cFeS) ranged from 0.4 to 1.5 nmol L−1, decreasing from south to north in three different Southern Ocean zones (the Coastal Zone, the Antarctic Zone, and the Polar Frontal Zone plus the Subantarctic Zone). This decrease was at times correlated with an increase in temperature. Organic Fe solubility (cFeS,org), which was obtained by subtracting from total measured Fe solubility the solubility of inorganic species of iron (Fe) at the measurement temperature (20°C), ranged from 0.3 to 1.3 nmol L−1, representing an average of 32 ± 14% of the concentration of ligands in the dissolved size fraction as determined via competitive ligand exchange‐absorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (barring a handful of extremely high values from a transect run to the east of Prydz Bay). Values of cFeS were mainly lower than the predicted value for inorganic Fe solubility at the in situ temperature. Total in situ Fe solubility (cFeS,adj) was therefore estimated by adjusting for inorganic Fe solubility at in situ temperatures (between −2°C and +18°C). Because in situ temperatures in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current were mostly lower than +3°C, such cFeS,adj values, ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 nmol L−1, were roughly twice as large as cFeS,org. The adjustment relies heavily on model calculations of inorganic Fe solubility but, if correct, indicates that the bulk of the solubility of Fe in the cold waters of the Southern Ocean is tied to the solubility of inorganic Fe rather than to Fe ligands in the soluble size fraction.
Solution behaviour for parameter-dependent quasi-variational inequalities

In the paper the solution behaviour of a class of parameter-dependent quasi-variational inequalities is analysed. By using sensitivity and stability results for monotone variational inequalities and the Implicit Function Theorem of F. H. Clarke, we derive conditions under which the perturbed solution of a parametric quasi-variational inequality is locally unique, lipschitzian and directionality differentiable. These results are particularized in the case of parametric implicit complementary problems.
Maximally localized Wannier functions within the FLAPW formalism

We report on the implementation of the Wannier Functions (WFs) formalism within the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method (FLAPW), suitable for bulk, film, and one-dimensional geometries. The details of the implementation, as well as results for the metallic ${\text{SrVO}}_{3}$, ferroelectric ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$ grown on ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3}$, covalently bonded graphene and a one-dimensional Pt chain are given. We discuss the effect of spin-orbit coupling on the Wannier Functions for the cases of ${\text{SrVO}}_{3}$ and platinum. The dependency of the WFs on the choice of the localized trial orbitals as well as the difference between the maximally localized and ``first-guess'' WFs is discussed. Our results on ${\text{SrVO}}_{3}$ and ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$, e.g., the ferroelectric polarization of ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$, are compared to results published elsewhere and found to be in excellent agreement.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS IN INDIA

This paper investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the agricultural sector of the Indian economy. While agriculture constitutes 25 percent of India’s GDP, it employs approximately seventy percent of the population. Over the last decade, GDP has consistently grown at rate in excess of 6 percent, but per capita GDP growth in the agricultural sector has been low. Using national level data on agricultural output, exports, investment in technology, and GDP, we examine the role of ICT on India’s agricultural exports. Our analysis indicates that agricultural production directed towards export markets is positively affected by investment in ICT. Keywords: Information Technology, Economic
Design and Verification of Truncation-Error-Tolerant 8 Bit Signed-Multiplier

Multiplier is one of the essential element for microprocessors, digital signal processors etc. In this project, we had proposed architecture for high speed Truncation Multiplier Algorithm. In modern VLSI technology, the occurrence of all kinds of errors has always to be expected. There are some applications which accept small errors such as multimedia processing. Designing accurate circuit for these applications is waste of area/power. The proposed multiplier outperforms and provides significant improvement in power, area, and delay at the cost of little degrade in accuracy. In this paper, we designed and implemented a new high speed signed booth multiplier. We implemented 8 bit multiplier using the Radix -4 Booth Algorithm. The proposed multiplier reduces the partial product array due to which the area is minimized. This reduction in partial product increases the speed of the multiplier. For addition of partial product we use Ripple Binary Adder. The proposed multiplier is designed and implemented using Verilog HDL in XILINX 9.2 version. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed 8 bit approximate multiplier is 49.74% faster and 77.83% area efficient than conventional 8 bit signed multiplier.
PWM rectifier control comparison for aerospace applications

High-voltage DC-bus power quality is examined when the power network is supplied by a PWM rectifier controlled using different DC-bus voltage regulation schemes. Three controllers are compared, a voltage oriented control and two model predictive control schemes, predictive current fixed frequency and predictive direct power control. A set of PWM rectifier simulation models illustrate the performance of the controllers; a switched model, an ideal averaged-value model and an enhanced averaged-value model which contains the key loss mechanisms. The DC-bus transients are within the limits defined in MIL-STD-704F only when a predictive direct power control is employed.