Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIAMOND: A Structured Coevolution Feature Optimization Method for LDDoS Detection in SDN-IoT

Software-defined networking for IoT (SDN-IoT) has become popular owing to its utility in smart applications. However, IoT devices are limited in computing resources, which makes them vulnerable to Low-rate Distributed Denial of Service (LDDoS). It is worth noting that LDDoS attacks are extremely stealthy and can evade the monitoring of traditional detection methods. Therefore, how to choose the optimal features to improve the detection performance of LDDoS attack detection methods is a key problem. In this paper, we propose DIAMOND, a structured coevolution feature optimization method for LDDoS detection in SDN-IoT. DIAMOND is consisted of a reachable count sorting clustering algorithm, a group structuring method, a comutation strategy, and a cocrossover strategy. By analysing the information of SDN-IoT network features in the solution space, the relationship between different SDN-IoT network features and the optimal solution is explored in DIAMOND. Then, the individuals with associated SDN-IoT network features are divided into different subpopulations, and a structural tree is generated. Further, multiple structural trees evolve in concert with each other. The evaluation results show that DIAMOND can effectively select optimal low-dimension feature sets and improve the performance of the LDDoS detection method, in terms of detection precision and response time.
SEE rate calculations using the effective flux approach and a generalized figure of merit approximation

This paper explains the inconsistencies reported between effective flux calculations and integral rectangular parallelepiped calculations. The two types of calculation yield consistent results when the effective flux calculation is performed allowing for the appropriate geometry. A set of generic heavy ion cross section curves is introduced so that upset rate calculations can be compared as a function of device area and threshold. The figure of merit approximation is generalized so that it can be used for any orbit.
White Women Mothering Mixed-Race Children in a Black-White Interracial Relationship

It is over five decades since ‘River of Blood,’ the speech about race in Britain, has been acknowledged as the symbol of discrimination towards immigration and minorities like Black British. Meanwhile, America, as another traditional western cultural center, has faced more serious issues during the process of human equality. Loving. V. Virginia, as a legal milestone of Civil Rights in the US, has influenced the public attitude of the majority towards interracial union; however, the discrimination and prejudice have become more invisible via the changing of societal environment. Although the anti-miscegenation movement has been treated as the big step of human rights, the union between black and white faces misunderstanding, even stigmas in their daily lives. Hence, taking black-white interracial relationships as examples, from white women’s perspective, this essay will examine the dilemma between their own cognition of cultural identities and being partially embedded into a different culture when ‘marrying-out’ and raising mixed-race children.
Exploring Humanitarian response strategies in the aftermath of disasters induced by climate change in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT This study explored the humanitarian responses to the scourges of climate change-related disasters in the Chimanimani district of Zimbabwe in southern Africa. This is against the backdrop of climate-induced disasters that have plagued the region before, with some of its consequences visible in the present day. Eleven humanitarian organisations that can aid victims of Cyclone Idai in 2019 were selected through purposive and convenience sampling. In-depth interviews were used to collect data. Also, data from which the findings were derived were analysed in terms of their thematic content. The study established that there was a commendable response from humanitarian organisations in addressing the destructive consequences of the cyclone. Some of the response strategies included the provision of food and non-food items, psychosocial support and counselling services, the protection of women and girls from abuse, reconstruction, and rehabilitation of infrastructure. We recommend that humanitarian organisations need to strengthen their disaster preparedness strategies in anticipation of unpredicted and potential destructive effects of climate change that place human lives and livelihoods at great risk.
Traffic Lights Detection and Recognition Method Based on the Improved YOLOv4 Algorithm

For facing of the problems caused by the YOLOv4 algorithm’s insensitivity to small objects and low detection precision in traffic light detection and recognition, the Improved YOLOv4 algorithm is investigated in the paper using the shallow feature enhancement mechanism and the bounding box uncertainty prediction mechanism. The shallow feature enhancement mechanism is used to extract features from the network and improve the network’s ability to locate small objects and color resolution by merging two shallow features at different stages with the high-level semantic features obtained after two rounds of upsampling. Uncertainty is introduced in the bounding box prediction mechanism to improve the reliability of the prediction of the bounding box by modeling the output coordinates of the prediction bounding box and adding the Gaussian model to calculate the uncertainty of the coordinate information. The LISA traffic light data set is used to perform detection and recognition experiments separately. The Improved YOLOv4 algorithm is shown to have a high effectiveness in enhancing the detection and recognition precision of traffic lights. In the detection experiment, the area under the PR curve value of the Improved YOLOv4 algorithm is found to be 97.58%, which represents an increase of 7.09% in comparison to the 90.49% score gained in the Vision for Intelligent Vehicles and Applications Challenge Competition. In the recognition experiment, the mean average precision of the Improved YOLOv4 algorithm is 82.15%, which is 2.86% higher than that of the original YOLOv4 algorithm. The Improved YOLOv4 algorithm shows remarkable advantages as a robust and practical method for use in the real-time detection and recognition of traffic signal lights.
Sustainable leadership in higher education institutions: social innovation as a mechanism

Purpose Considering the vital role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in accomplishing sustainable development goals, this study aims to examine how and when sustainable leadership (SL) influences sustainable performance by examining social innovation (SI) as a mediating mechanism and managerial discretion (MD) as a boundary condition based on upper echelon theory. Design/methodology/approach This study is cross-sectional in nature. The authors adopted a cluster-sampling approach to collect data from 500 employees of HEIs in Pakistan and China. The response rate for this study was 52.63%. As the proposed model is complex, the authors used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the research hypothesis. Findings The empirical findings confirm the presence of SI as a competitive partial mediator between SL and sustainable performance. Nevertheless, the findings of this study do not suggest a higher positive effect of SL on SI in the presence of high MD. Research limitations/implications The study evaluated the role of SL and SI in fostering sustainable performance from the perspective of employees in HEIs in China and Pakistan. Before the empirical evidence can be generalized, there is a need to conduct similar studies in other parts of Asia and Western countries as well. Practical implications This study presents implications for higher education leaders and policymakers at the national level to foster the sustainable performance of their institutions. Social implications The current evidence reveals the effectiveness of SL in achieving the social goals of HEIs through SI. The recommendations presented in this study can have an impact on society, providing it with a sustainable future. Originality/value This study is the first of its kind to examine the mediating role of SI on the relationship between SL and sustainable performance. The present study also provides pioneering empirical evidence about the negative effects of MD in the context of HEIs.
Cross-border venture capital and new venture internationalization: An isomorphism perspective

Abstract Many of the fastest growing global ventures are backed by cross-border venture capitalists. However, the role of foreign investors in internationalization has not been examined in prior research. To address this gap, we carried out a multiple case study to produce a grounded theory of the effects of foreign investors in new venture internationalization. Our findings suggest that foreign venture capitalists located in a venture's target market of internationalization can be valuable for the venture by legitimizing the unknown new venture in that market. However, foreign investors tend to drive portfolio companies towards their home markets, and the benefits may turn into disadvantages if the target market differs from the home markets of the foreign investors.
An Approach to the Application of Statistical Quality Control Techniques in Engineering Courses

This paper presents an approach to monitoring, controlling and improving the teaching process and learning outcomes in engineering courses using Statistical Quality Control (SQC). The ABET 2000 criteria and their impact on the control and improvement of teaching and learning is discussed, followed by a brief illustration of the university system that these criteria foster. It is argued that in meeting ABET 2000 goals, an engineering faculty can apply the same principles and techniques they have taught for decades; namely systems engineering and quality control. Subsequently, an SQC approach for engineering courses and their common constituents: lectures, laboratories and tutorials, is suggested. Four illustrative case studies of undergraduate mechanical and industrial engineering courses are presented.
An analytical subthreshold current model for pocket-implanted NMOSFETs

An analytical subthreshold current model for metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) with pocket implantation is presented. The model is developed based on considering an averaged localized pileup of channel dopants near the source and drain ends of channel to account for the pocket implantation effect and to derive the channel potential using a pseudo-two-dimensional (2-D) method. This, together with the conventional drift-diffusion theory, leads to the development of a subthreshold current model for pocket-implanted MOS devices. Model verification is carried out using data measured from a set of pocket-implanted NMOSFETs fabricated from a 0.17-/spl mu/m, DRAM process. Very good agreement is obtained between the model calculations and measurement results.
Effect of housing enrichment and type of flooring on the performance and behaviour of female rabbits

This study investigated the effect of housing enrichments (scratching card, gnawing material and a platform), of a change in height and in the type of flooring on the live weight, reproductive performance and behaviour of female rabbits, as well as on the feed intake and spatial distribution of females and their kits. A total of 40 multiparous female rabbits were monitored in three consecutive reproductive cycles (48-d intervals). Four days before parturition in each reproductive cycle, the females were randomly assigned to one of the five types of housing: Control (CNT: 102×47×30 cm, L×W× H); Scratching card (SCT: containing a scratching card); Gnawing materials (GNW: CNT dimensions plus a compressed lucerne hay block and a wooden stick); Platform (PLT: 102×47×60 cm, including a platform with a plastic floor) and Combination (CBN: PLT dimensions with the scratching card, the gnawing materials and a platform). Data were only recorded during the first and third reproductive cycles. The living conditions did not significantly alter the females’ live weight (4889 g at housing; 4890 g at mid-lactation; 4867 g at weaning), reproductive performance (9.0 kits born alive), survival of the kits (90%), nor the feed intake of females and their litters (542 g/day). Providing animals with a gnawing block stimulated Gnawing behaviour (median frequency per group: CTL=0.00, SCT=0.00, GNW=4.69, PLT=0.00, and CBN=2.34; PRearing up behaviour (median frequencies per group: CTL=0.00, SCT=0.00, GNW=0.00, PLT=2.08, and CBN=3.12; P=0.06), and when a platform was present, the rabbits used it (mean values per group: CTL=0.00, SCT=0.00, GNW=0.00, PLT=1.79, and CBN=4.91; P=0.003). Regarding the type of floor, females appeared to prefer the plastic mesh flooring (31.2%) to the wire mesh flooring (18.8%). To sum up, providing female rabbits with simple enrichments appears to stimulate specific behaviours like Gnawing and Rearing up and may contribute to their wellbeing.
Development of a conditioning system for the dual-purpose transport and storage cask for spent nuclear fuel from decommissioned Russian submarines

Russia, stores large quantities of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from submarine and ice-breaker nuclear powered naval vessels. This high-level radioactive material presents a significant threat to the Arctic and marine environments. Much of the SNF from decommissioned Russian nuclear submarines is stored either onboard the submarines or in floating storage vessels in Northwest and Far East Russia. Some of the SNF is damaged, stored in an unstable condition, or of a type that cannot currently be reprocessed. In many cases, the existing Russian transport infrastructure and reprocessing facilities cannot meet the requirements for moving and reprocessing all of this fuel from remote locations. Additional transport and storage options are required. Some of the existing storage facilities being used in Russia do not meet health and safety and physical security requirements. The U.S. has assisted Russia in the development of a new dual-purpose metal -concrete transport and storage cask (Russian Registration# TUK-108/1) for their military SNF and assisted them in building several new facilities for off-loading submarine SNF and storing these TUK-108/1 casks. These efforts have reduced the technical, ecological, and security challenges for removal, handling, interim storage, and shipment of this submarine fuel. Currently, Russian licensing limits the storage period of the TUK-108/1 casks to no more than two years before the fuel must be shipped for reprocessing. In order to extend this licensed storage period, a system is required to condition the casks by removing residual water and creating an inert storage environment by backfilling the internal canisters with a noble gas such as argon. The U.S. has assisted Russia in the development of a mobile cask conditioning system for the TUK-108/1 cask. This new conditioning system allows the TUK 108/1 casks to be stored for up to five years after which the license may be considered for renewal for an additional five years or the fuel will be shipped to "Mayak" for reprocessing.
Association of Habitual Dietary Intake with Liver Iron—A Population-Based Imaging Study

Iron-related disorders of the liver can result in serious health conditions, such as liver cirrhosis. Evidence on the role of modifiable lifestyle factors like nutrition in liver iron storage is lacking. Thus, we aimed to assess the association of habitual diet with liver iron content (LIC). We investigated 303 participants from the population-based KORA-MRI study who underwent whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dietary habits were evaluated using repeated 24 h food lists and a food frequency questionnaire. Sex-stratified multiple linear regression models were applied to quantify the association between nutrition variables of interest and LIC, adjusting for liver fat content (LFC), energy intake, and age. Mean age of participants was 56.4 ± 9.0 years and 44.2% were female. Mean LIC was 1.23 ± 0.12 mg/g dry weight, with higher values in men than in women (1.26 ± 0.13 and 1.20 ± 0.10 mg/g, p < 0.001). Alcohol intake was positively associated with LIC (men: β = 1.94; women: β = 4.98, p-values < 0.03). Significant negative associations with LIC were found for fiber (β = −5.61, p < 0.001) and potassium (β = −0.058, p = 0.034) for female participants only. Furthermore, LIC was highly correlated with liver fat content in both sexes. Our findings suggests that there are sex-specific associations of habitual dietary intake and LIC. Alcohol, fiber, and potassium may play a considerable role in liver iron metabolism.
Education and Training Center for Youth with Multisensory Design Approach

— Lack of education and training facilities for youth people who are in accordance with the visual learner's learning system makes one aspect of the lack of interest of youth in developing and increasing their productivity. Therefore, this research is conducted to provide an architectural concept that can adapt to the visual learner's learning system for youth. The design concept of the design uses a multisensory theory approach to create attention, sensation and memory into the visual learner learning system for youth. In addition, the direct analogy approach to visual functions becomes one of the design strategies to give attention especially youth in better understanding the stages to be carried out, namely the professionalism stage. Architectural factors that influence the productivity of youth are the shape, scale, color, and materials used in rooms and buildings. This was obtained by means of observation and participatory questionnaires with youth of productive age. Besides the professionalism factors that can assess the productivity of youth are knowledge, skills, and attitude. This was obtained by the questionnaire method with the HRD manager. The method used in the idea uses the concept base framework design method. To present a moment in the design framework, it is necessary to have a research method in it, namely participatory qualitative methods, literature observation and environmental mapping on selected land. The moment presented will limit the exploration of elements that have a role in increasing visual perception in youth’s productivity. Moment will evaluate architectural factors that can be adapted to existing environmental conditions, so as to create the perfect concept in increasing the productivity of youth. mean that it is truly similar to the object and is only enlarged in size, but what is meant is the equation in the form of the message to be conveyed. The analogy approach is divided into three types, namely personal analogy, direct analogy, and symbolic analogy. The analogy applied is a direct analogy, where the analogy to be used is the eye analogy. The eye itself is the most vital organ of the human body to be able to understand visually, the characteristics of the eye become a concept for the design to be used. The analogy approach is an effective tool for generating big ideas in the Concept Based Framework method. Big ideas in the Education and Training Center for
Assessment of Ventilation Characteristics of Standard and Prototype Firefighter Protective Clothing1

Specialized clothing is an integral part of a firefighter's protective system. However, existing fire fighter clothing, which attempts to protect against environmental hazards, also restricts dissipation of metabolic heat. This restriction can lead to severe heat stress and may result in subsequent hazards to the health and safety of the firefighter. A new prototype design has been developed that exhibits some improved heat-dissipation characteristics under controlled laboratory settings. Two versions of the prototype design were tested for ventilation and compared with the ventilation of standard turnout gear. Laboratory information was obtained using one male and one female test subject participating in a series of treadmill exercise tests. Biophysical data collected show that the proto type design provides improvements in clothing ventilation over the standard turnout gear presently in use. Analysis of results suggests that reduction in firefighter heat stress can be achieved, and con tinued development of the prototype design is recommended.
Association Between Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Oncotype Dx Recurrence Score in Early-Stage Hormonal Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative, Node-Negative Breast Cancer

Purpose The correlation between the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Oncotype DX® (ODX) recurrence score (RS) has not yet been established. We aimed to investigate the association between NLR and ODX RS in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) early-stage breast cancer (BC). Patients and Methods This retrospective study included consecutive patients with HR+/HER2−, node-negative primary BC who underwent surgical tumor resection from 2011 to 2019. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to obtain an optimal NLR cutoff value. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations between various parameters and ODX RS. Furthermore, the factors significantly associated with the ODX RS in multivariable analysis were incorporated in a separate model and estimated using logistic regression. Results A total of 160 patients were enrolled. The optimal preoperative NLR cutoff was 2.15. Multivariable analysis revealed that NLR and tumor grade (G1/G2 vs G3) were independent predictive factors of high RS cutoff (≥26). Moreover, including the two variables yielded a stronger association; patients with low NLR and low-grade tumors were unlikely to have high RS (≥26; odds ratio [OR] = 0.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.006–0.154; p < 0.001). Conversely, the presence of any of the following factors made patients unlikely to have low RS (<16; OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16–0.73; p = 0.006): high NLR, high grade, or high Ki-67 levels (>20). Conclusion NLR is a promising independent predictor of RS. Furthermore, in addition to tumor grade and Ki-67 level, they together are also a potential indicator of high and low RS. However, further studies are required to validate this hypothesis.
A Novel Dual Mode Decision Directed Multimodulus Algorithm (DM-DD-MMA) for Blind Adaptive Equalization

In this paper, we propose for the 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) input case, a dual-mode (DM), decision directed (DD) multimodulus algorithm (MMA) algorithm for blind adaptive equalization which we name as DM-DD-MMA. In this new proposed algorithm, the MMA method is switched to the DD algorithm, based on a previously obtained expression for the step-size parameter valid at the convergence state of the blind adaptive equalizer, that depends on the channel power, input signal statistics and on the properties of the chosen algorithm. Simulation results show that improved equalization performance is obtained for the 16 QAM input case compared with the DM-CMA (where CMA is the constant modulus algorithm), DM-MCMA (where MCMA is the modified CMA) and MCMA-MDDMA (where MDDMA is the modified decision directed modulus algorithm).