Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Load Factor

Spangler's load-factor formula for projecting conduits is generalized to all cases of buried rigid pipe, whether in trenches or under embankments; this is in accordance with the analytical methods of structural design, and suggests a simple mathematical expression for the load factor (L f ). The discussion below of this formula provides evidence of the importance of lateral active soil pressures hence of adequate pipe-installation practices, setting lower and practical values to L f . The calculated values and data from different sources are correlated, and are generally seen to fit together well: there are, however, values of L f which are either overly-conservative or overestimated. The language used for specifications, as well as consistency among data, relating to bedding procedures could be improved. L f values, and design and construction practices can be readily verified, even in the field, through strain measurements. The empirical external-load/internal-pressure parabolic interactions in rigid pipe are shown to be an effect of the stiffening of pipe by pressure, limited by the significantly different behaviour of some pipe materials when subjected either to bending stresses (external loads), or to uniform tensile stresses (internal pressure). The conventional, analytical ('stress-analysis') method, still favored in Continental Europe, makes a long detour around the L f method, while aiming at the same results; it does not allow for the external-load/internal-pressure interaction, nor for the different bending/bursting behaviour of some pipe materials, and misses L f 's direct connection with the bedding and installation specifications and the actual pipe performance; the L f method should prevail.
Determination of Capillary Conductivity Coefficient by Using Electromagnetic Microwave Radiation

Moisture in building structures affects negatively construction material physical properties, particularly thermally insulation properties. The porous structure of most building materials distinguishes by the ability to absorb water in liquid and gaseous state into its internal cavities, to fill the accumulative space of pores, to transport moisture and to re-transmit to the surroundings. The moisture characteristics of building materials are the base for evaluation of building structure thermal insulation properties. The moisture spreading via capillary conduction is the most significant material parameter of a moisture appraisal. However, it is necessary to incorporate also spreading the liquid phase into the moisture appraisal for certain structure material compositions. The article deals with determination of capillary conductivity coefficient by using electromagnetic microwave radiation. The radiation passed through a wet sample is detected and then the value of capillary conductivity coefficient is determined. The coefficient of capillary conductivity is property dependent on several physical parameters, but primarily on the moisture.
Autonomous Motion Planning for a Manipulator Equipped on AUV in a Workspace Divided into Cubes

In this paper, an approach for the autonomous motion planning for an underwater manipulator is proposed. An aim of this approach is to decide tip positions of the manipulator and manipulator's postures in the water. Therefore this approach is composed of the tip position planning and the posture planning. And in order to execute each planning, a workspace of a manipulator is divided into cubes. In the tip position planning, a cube is selected as an objective tip position from among twenty-six cubes in the workspace. And in the posture planning, manipulator's postures are evaluated using the positional relation between the manipulator and obstacle domains defined by some cubes, so that a secure manipulator's posture to avoid obstacle is decided. And owing to executing each planning repetitively, the whole manipulator's motion is planned. In this paper, the validity of the proposed approach is shown in experimental results.
2021 Guideline for Management of Patients With Lower-Extremity Wounds Due to Diabetes Mellitus and/or Neuropathic Disease

This article provides an executive summary of the Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses Society's (WOCN) “2021 Guideline for Management of Patients With Lower-Extremity wounds Due to Diabetes Mellitus and/or Neuropathic Disease. ” This executive summary presents an overview of the systematic process used to update and develop the guideline and recommendations from the guideline for screening and diagnosis, assessment, and management and education of patients with lower-extremity wounds due to diabetes mellitus and/or neuropathic disease. In addition, the executive summary provides suggestions for implementing recommendations from the guideline. The guideline is a resource for WOC nurse specialists and other nurses and health care professionals who work with adults who have/or are at risk for lower-extremity wounds due to diabetes mellitus/neuropathic disease. The complete guideline includes the evidence and references supporting the recommendations, and it is available in print and electronically from the Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses Society, 1120 Rt 73, Suite 200, Mount Laurel, New Jersey, 08054; Web site: www.wocn. org.
Analysis of the influence of the complex structure of clay hollow bricks on the values of electric field intensity by using the FDTD method

The study presents the analysis of the effects occurring at the propagation of electromagnetic waves within an area containing non-ideal, non-homogenous and absorbing dielectric. The analysed models are connected with housing constructions and include single and double-layered walls made of clay hollow bricks. The influence of the size of holes, the contained clay mass percentage and conductivity of brick on the distribution of electric field is presented. Double-layered wall causes more heterogeneity in distribution of electric field and numerous maxima and minima to compare with singlelayered construction. The presented results refer to the electromagnetic field generated by a wireless communication system (Wi-Fi), operating within the standard frequencies (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz). A FDTD method was used to the analysis of electric field distribution. Also in this paper all formulations of difference method (FDTD) is presented. The possibilities of modifying the described method are indicated too. The obtained values of electric field intensity allow to determining the attenuation coefficient for different variants of the walls. Detailed analysis of influence of different types of building construction will make it possible to better understand the wave phenomena and counteract local fading at planning of wireless networks systems.
The Effects of Aging on the Reliability of Lead Free Fine-Pitch Electronics Packaging

ii Acknowledgments . iv List of Tables . viii List of Figures . ix List of Abbreviations . xii Chapter 1 General Introduction . 1 1.1 Soldering Alloys in Electronics . 1 1.2 Performance Characteristics of Solders . 3 1.3 Component Finish-Lead Free Solder Candidate . 4 1.3. 1 Pure Tin . 4 1.3. 2 Sn-Zn . 5 1.3. 3 Sn-Cu . 5 1.3. 4 Sn-Bi . 5 1.3. 5 Sn-Ag . 6 1.3. 6 Sn-In . 6 1.4 Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) . 6 1.4. 1 Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Alloys. 7 1.5 Mechanical Properties of Solder Joint . 10 1.5. 1 Tensile Properties . 11
Influence of Emitter Surface Roughness and Emission Inhomogeneity on Efficiency and Stability of High Power Fusion Gyrotrons

The increasing demand for powerful, reliable, and efficient gyrotron oscillators as millimetre-wave sources for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) in fusion plasma experiments requires a close look at the various factors in gyrotrons that determine gyrotron performance. In this frame, the influence of emitter surface roughness, emission inhomogeneity, and secondary electron generation on gyrotron operation is presented, with focus on Low Frequency Oscillations (LFOs) and Electron Beam Halo (EBH) generation, both being unwanted. A new surface roughness model is developed and implemented into the KIT Magnetron Injection Gun (MIG) codes ESRAY and ESPIC. Using this new model, it is possible to determine the influence of surface roughness on the gyrotron’s electron beam quality and efficiency. To investigate the influence of electrons reflected back to the emitter, a modified secondary electron emission model with high accuracy on the angular distribution of high energy secondary electrons (elastic and rediffused electrons) is developed and implemented in the codes ESRAY and ESPIC. In addition, a new evaluation method for the emission inhomogeneity is developed. With these new tools, the influence of emitter surface roughness and of emission inhomogeneity on electron beam quality and gyrotron efficiency is investigated numerically. Simulations show that both factors affect the electron beam quality and gyrotron efficiency significantly. It was found that back-reflected electrons can be generated due to these two factors. Two phenomena caused by back-reflected and secondary electrons in the gyrotron have been found: space charge LFOs and EBHs. Numerical
Weak n-injective and weak n-fat modules

We introduce and study the concepts of weak n -injective and weak n -flat modules in terms of super finitely presented modules whose projective dimension is at most n , which generalize the n -FP-injective and n -flat modules. We show that the class of all weak n -injective R -modules is injectively resolving, whereas that of weak n -flat right R -modules is projectively resolving and the class of weak n -injective (or weak n -flat) modules together with its left (or right) orthogonal class forms a hereditary (or perfect hereditary) cotorsion theory.
Micro-Architectural Techniques to Alleviate Memory-Related Stalls for Transactional and Emerging Workloads

Micro-Architectural Techniques to Alleviate Memory-Related Stalls for Transactional and Emerging Workloads Islam Atta Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2016 Recent technology advances enabled computerized services which have proliferated leading to a tremendous increase in digital data at a pace of 2.5 quintillion bytes produced daily. From individuals using internet-enabled mobile devices to pay for a taxi ride, to businesses relying on sophisticated platforms to predict consumer behavior, many such services are hosted on data centers which incorporate hundreds or thousands of computer servers. The cost of installing and more so of operating these server “farms” is significant. The performance/cost efficiency of the server machines thus dictates the costs needed to provide a desired level of support. Unfortunately, modern server architectures are not well tailored for some emerging data center applications. Accordingly, this dissertation targets memory bound applications where memory-related stalls are a major source of execution inefficiency. Specifically, the dissertation focuses on Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) systems and on a set of emerging algorithms commonly used in the so called “Big Data” applications. OLTP workloads are at the core of many data center applications. They are known to have large instruction footprints that foil existing first-level instruction (L1-I) caches resulting in poor overall performance. Several proposed techniques remove some instruction stalls in exchange for error-prone instrumentation to the code base, or a sharp increase in the L1-I cache unit area and power. This dissertation presents STREX and SLICC, two programmer transparent, low cost techniques which reduce instruction cache misses significantly thereby improving the performance of OLTP workloads. Both techniques exploit repetition in the instruction reference stream within and across transactions, where a transaction prefetches the instructions for similar subsequent transactions. STREX time-multiplexes the execution of similar transactions dynamically on a single core so that instructions fetched by one transaction are reused by all other transactions executing in the system as much as possible. SLICC moves transactions among multiple cores, spreading the instruction footprint over several L1-I caches, virtually increasing the cache capacity observed by transactions. Both techniques use heuristics to dynamically detect when is the best time to switch threads. SLICC works well with high
Extending the Construct of Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics

The concept of Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics (CVPA) and the associated construct were introduced to measure the level of significance that product design has for certain consumers. The aim was that, after identifying consumers with high CVPA, designers and manufacturers can successfully address to them products with a remarkable design. The initial construct proposed by other researchers was composed by three factors (Value, Acumen and Response). The author of this paper aimed to amplify the construct and tested a new construct containing four additional new factors: Brand Loyalty, Product Involvement, Personality Congruence and Price indifference. After applying Exploratory Factor Analysis, it was found that practically the Value and Brand Loyalty items were part of the same factor. The same situation was encountered for Response and Personality Congruence. After removing the less significant items, a new construct resulted, validated by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The new construct has been used successfully to test the hypothesis that people with high CVPA attach special importance to products with a high aesthetic content (in the case of loudspeakers).
Real Time Traffic Light Detection Algorithm Based on Color Map and Multilayer HOG-SVM

신호등 검출은 첨단운전자보조시스템에서 매우 중요하며 최근 신호등 검출 알고리즘의 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 그러나 기존의 영상처리 기반의 신호등검출 알고리즘은 조명의 변화에 민감하다는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 다음과 같은 신호등 검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 먼저 제안하는 컬러맵과 HSV(hue-saturation-value)를 이용하여 신호등의 후보영역을 검출한다. 이후 검출된 신호등 후보영역으로부터 HOG(histogram of oriented gradient) 서술자와 SVM(support vector machine)을 이용하여 신호등을 검출한다. 검출된 신호등 영상을 이용하여 제안하는 Multilayer HOG 서술자를 이용하여 신호등의 방향 정보를 결정한다. 실험결과에서 확인할 수 있듯이 제안하는 알고리즘은 높은 검출성능과 실시간 처리가 가능하다.
Teaching Note—Using Technology to Enhance Experiential Learning Through Simulated Role Plays

ABSTRACT Practitioners are required to have both practice knowledge of theoretical approaches and professional competence and skills. For student social workers, acquiring the former has been traditionally associated with academic teaching. With practice placement learning, the latter has required unique consideration with the incorporation of the online learning platform, which has been escalated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest that there is a role for simulation-based education to link knowledge and skills, with technology offering improved facilities to provide opportunities to learn for practice. In this teaching note, we discuss how we integrated Eleos Health, a new technology, into the classroom that allowed students to apply and practice their newly learned skills through simulated role-plays under the professor's guided supervision.
Recent developments and applications of simultaneous localization and mapping in agriculture

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a process to use multiple sensors to position an unmanned mobile vehicle without previous knowledge of the environment, and meanwhile construct a map of this environment for the further applications. Over the past three decades, SLAM has been intensively researched and widely applied in mobile robot control and unmanned vehicle navigation. SLAM technology has demonstrated a great potential in autonomously navigating the mobile robot and simultaneously reconstructing the three‐dimensional (3D) information of surrounding environment. With the vigorous driving of sensor technology and 3D reconstruction algorithms, many attempts have been conducted to propose novel systems and algorithms combined with different sensors to solve the SLAM problem. Notably, SLAM has been extended to various aspects of agriculture involved with autonomous navigation, 3D mapping, field monitoring, and intelligent spraying. This paper focuses on the recent developments and applications of SLAM, particularly in complex and unstructured agricultural environment. A detailed summary of the developments of SLAM is given from three main fundamental types: light detection and ranging SLAM, Visual SLAM, and Sensor Fusion SLAM, and we also discuss the applications and prospects of SLAM technology in agricultural mapping, agricultural navigation, and precise automatic agriculture. Particular attention has been paid to the SLAM sensors, systems, and algorithms applied in agricultural tasks. Additionally, the challenges and future trends of SLAM are reported.
Classifying papers into subfields using Abstracts, Titles, Keywords and KeyWords Plus through pattern detection and optimization procedures: An application in Physics

Classifying papers according to the fields of knowledge is critical to clearly understand the dynamics of scientific (sub)fields, their leading questions, and trends. Most studies rely on journal categories defined by popular databases such as WoS or Scopus, but some experts find that those categories may not correctly map the existing subfields nor identify the subfield of a specific article. This study addresses the classification problem using data from each paper (Abstract, Title, Keywords, and the KeyWords Plus) and the help of experts to identify the existing subfields and journals exclusive of each subfield. These “exclusive journals” are critical to obtain, through a pattern detection procedure that uses machine learning techniques (from software NVivo), a list of the frequent terms that are specific to each subfield. With that list of terms and with the help of optimization procedures, we can identify to which subfield each paper most likely belongs. This study can contribute to support scientific policy‐makers, funding, and research institutions—via more accurate academic performance evaluations—, to support editors in their tasks to redefine the scopes of journals, and to support popular databases in their processes of refining categories.
Service User Experiences of Occupational Therapy in Acute Mental Health Settings: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis

Abstract The inclusion of service user perspectives in the development of acute mental health services is recommended in policy. Therefore exploration of their experiences in this setting is merited. This study synthesized qualitative research on service user experiences of occupational therapy in the acute mental health setting using thematic synthesis. The synthesis shows the unique role of occupational therapists in the setting. Service users identified the impact of the profession through environmental transformation, therapeutic relationships, and occupation-focused interventions. Issues of accessibility and availability of interventions were identified. Further research on this topic in a wider range of cultural contexts is recommended.
Re-evaluating Albanian’s place in Indo-European studies

While Albanian has traditionally been marginalized in Indo-European (IE) studies, this has been due to the extensive borrowing in the Tosk Albanian dialect used by previous literature. However, the Malsia Madhe dialect of Albanian better preserves the phonotactics and lexicon of Proto-Albanian, Proto Illyrian, and Proto-Indo-European. Therefore, Malsia Madhe Albanian should be utilized when discussing the history of Albanian and its place in IE studies.
ISSUES RELATED TO TRAINING OF MASTERS BASED ON THE TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT EXPERIENCE

Issues related to training of masters in MGSU identified on the basis of work experience of employees of the Technology and Organization of Construction Production Department are illustrated. These include: actualization of topics of graduate qualification works, extension of training programs (product portfolio), search for new modes of study, implementation of modern educational technologies, prioritization of schedule and masters training time management, vocational competence improvement for teachers, improvement of payment for training in the
Integration of geometry and analysis for the study of liquid sloshing in railroad vehicle dynamics

A new continuum-based liquid sloshing approach that accounts for the effect of complex fluid and tank-car geometry on railroad vehicle dynamics is developed in this investigation. A unified geometry/analysis mesh is used from the outset to examine the effect of liquid sloshing on railroad vehicle dynamics during curve negotiation and during the application of electronically controlled pneumatic (ECP) brakes that produce braking forces uniformly and simultaneously across all cars. Using a non-modal approach, the geometry of the tank-car and fluid is accurately defined, a continuum-based fluid constitutive model is employed, and a fluid-tank contact algorithm is developed. The liquid sloshing model is integrated with a three-dimensional multibody system (MBS) railroad vehicle algorithm which accounts for the nonlinear wheel/rail contact. The three-dimensional wheel/rail contact force formulation used in this study accounts for the longitudinal, lateral, and spin creep forces that influence the vehicle stability. In order to examine the effect of the liquid sloshing on the railroad vehicle dynamics during curve negotiation, a general and precise definition of the outward inertia force is defined, and in order to correctly capture the fluid and tank-car geometry, the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) is used. The balance speed and centrifugal effects in the case of tank-car partially filled with liquid are studied and compared with the equivalent rigid body model in curve negotiation and braking scenarios. In particular, the results obtained in the case of the ECP brake application of two freight car model are compared with the results obtained when using conventional braking. The traction analysis shows that liquid sloshing has a significant effect on the load distribution between the front and rear trucks. A larger coupler force develops when using conventional braking compared with ECP braking, and the liquid sloshing contributes to amplifying the coupler force in the ECP braking case compared to the equivalent rigid body model which does not capture the fluid nonlinear inertia effects. Furthermore, the results obtained in this study show that liquid sloshing can exacerbate the unbalance effects when the rail vehicle negotiates a curve at a velocity higher than the balance speed.