Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Newer insecticides for the management of aphid, Aphis gossypii Glov. in gherkins (Cucumis anguria L.) and their effect on the predator, Coccinella septempunctata L.

pickling cucumber or small cucumber was introduced to India in 1990 and became popular among small and marginal farmers in the states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh (Chakravarthy et al., 2008). The fruits of gherkins are directly consumed and mainly exported. It is attacked by several insect pests and cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover is one of them (Virakthmath et al., 2004). Apart from sucking large amount of fluid from the growing plants and debilitating the plants aphids transmit the dreaded cucumber mosaic virus disease as a vector in a non persistent manner (Srinivasulu et al., 2010). The infected plants exhibit mosaic, vein banding and blistering on malformed leaves and fruits thereby reducing marketability. Presently, the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid is recommended (Mhaske et al., 2007) over the earlier recommended insecticide dimethoate (Balikai, 2004) for its control. However, there are reports of resistance development by the pest to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides in the past (Kerns and Gayler, 1992). Keeping these in view, the present investigation was undertaken to find out novel insecticides effective against the pest which are in pipeline.
Characterization of Host Responses to Vaccinia Virus Infection

Vaccinia virus (VACV) is the current vaccine for the highly infectious smallpox disease. Since the eradication of smallpox, VACV has been developed extensively as a heterologous vaccine vector for several pathogens. However, due to the complications associated with this replication competent virus, the safety and efficacy of VACV vaccine vector has been reevaluated. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of VACV, we study the interactions between VACV and the host innate immune system, especially the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathways. In this work, we evaluated the role of protein kinase R (PKR) and Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA 1(ADAR1), which are induced by IFN, in VACV infection. We found that PKR is necessary but is not sufficient to activate interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in the induction of type I IFN; and the activation of the stress-activated protein kinase/ c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase is required for the PKR-dependent activation of IRF3 during VACV infection. Even though PKR was found to have an antiviral effect in VACV, ADAR1 was found to have a pro-viral effect by destabilizing double stranded RNA (dsRNA), rescuing VACVΔE3L, VACV deleted of the virulence factor E3L, when provided in trans. With the lessons we learned from VACV and host cells interaction, we have developed and evaluated a safe replication-competent VACV vaccine vector for HIV. Our preliminary results indicate that our VACV vaccine vector can still induce the IFN pathway while maintaining the ability to replicate and to express the HIV antigen efficiently. This suggests that this VACV vector can be used as a safe and efficient vaccine vector for HIV.
Genetic Diversity, Ochratoxin A and Fumonisin Profiles of Strains of Aspergillus Section Nigri Isolated from Dried Vine Fruits

We investigated ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in raisin samples purchased from Slovak markets and determined the diversity of black-spored aspergilli as potential OTA and fumonisin (FB1 and FB2) producers. The taxonomic identification was performed using sequences of the nuclear ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 region, the calmodulin and beta-tubulin genes. We obtained 239 isolates from eight fungal genera, of which 197 belonged to Aspergillus (82%) and 42 strains (18%) to other fungal genera. OTA contamination was evidenced in 75% of the samples and its level ranged from 0.8 to 10.6 µg/kg. The combination of all three markers used enabled unambiguous identification of A. carbonarius, A. luchuensis, A. niger, A. tubingensis and A. welwitschiae. The dominant coloniser, simultaneously having the highest within-species diversity isolated from our raisin samples, was A. tubingensis. Out of all analysed strains, only A. carbonarius was found to produce OTA, but in relatively high quantity (2477–4382 µg/kg). The production of FB1 and FB2 was evidenced in A. niger strains only.
Sexual trauma uniquely associated with eating disorders: A replication study.

Objective: Extensive research supports the contention that trauma exposure is a nonspecific risk factor for the development of eating disorders (EDs). Limited research has investigated the relative association of diverse types of traumatic events with EDs in the same statistical model. In a recent exception, Breland et al. (2018) found that only sexual trauma predicted ED pathology among female veterans when both sexual trauma and combat exposure were examined simultaneously, even though combat exposure alone had been previously identified as an ED risk factor. Given the current replication crisis in psychology, it is important to investigate if this finding replicates in different populations. This study investigated whether results from Breland et al. (2018) would (a) replicate in a distinct population (i.e., participants living with food insecurity) and (b) hold when 3 additional traumatic events were included in the statistical model. Method: We hypothesized that self-reported sexual trauma would be uniquely associated with ED pathology as compared to combat exposure, wreck/crash/accident, serious body-related accident, and life-threatening illness or injury. Results: Using a cross-sectional logistic regression model, sexual trauma was the only independent predictor of EDs in the model, thus replicating the findings of Breland et al. (2018) in a different population. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of (a) investigating multiple traumatic events in the same statistical models and (b) careful screening of traumatic events in patients presenting with EDs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Classification of Non-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury from Resting-State EEG Signal Using LSTM Network with ECOC-SVM

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the common injuries when the human head receives an impact due to an accident or fall and is one of the most frequently submitted insurance claims. However, it is often always misused when individuals attempt an insurance fraud claim by providing false medical conditions. Therefore, there is a need for an instant brain condition classification system. This study presents a novel classification architecture that can classify non-severe TBI patients and healthy subjects employing resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) as the input, solving the immobility issue of the computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The proposed architecture makes use of long short term memory (LSTM) and error-correcting output coding support vector machine (ECOC-SVM) to perform multiclass classification. The pre-processed EEG time series are supplied to the network by each time step, where important information from the previous time step will be remembered by the LSTM cell. Activations from the LSTM cell is used to train an ECOC-SVM. The temporal advantages of the EEG were amplified and able to achieve a classification accuracy of 100%. The proposed method was compared to existing works in the literature, and it is shown that the proposed method is superior in terms of classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision.
HisCoM-G×E: Hierarchical Structural Component Analysis of Gene-Based Gene–Environment Interactions

Gene–environment interaction (G×E) studies are one of the most important solutions for understanding the “missing heritability” problem in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Although many statistical methods have been proposed for detecting and identifying G×E, most employ single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-level analysis. In this study, we propose a new statistical method, Hierarchical structural CoMponent analysis of gene-based Gene–Environment interactions (HisCoM-G×E). HisCoM-G×E is based on the hierarchical structural relationship among all SNPs within a gene, and can accommodate all possible SNP-level effects into a single latent variable, by imposing a ridge penalty, and thus more efficiently takes into account the latent interaction term of G×E. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated in simulation studies, and we applied the proposed method to investigate gene–alcohol intake interactions affecting systolic blood pressure (SBP), using samples from the Korea Associated REsource (KARE) consortium data.
Znonps AND GENE EXPRESSION IN BROILERS Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Regulatory Appetite and Heat Stress Protein Genes in Broiler Chickens Subjected to Heat Stress.

This study was conducted to explore the effect of the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) supplement on the regulatory appetite and heat stress genes in broiler chickens raised under high or normal ambient temperatures. In this study, 240 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to 48 battery cages. From Day 1, these 48 cages were randomly subjected to 4 different treatment strategies, control (wherein, their basal diet included 60 mg/kg of Zinc Oxide, ZnO); ZNONPs 40 (wherein basal diet included 40 mg/kg of ZnONPs); ZnONPs 60 (basal diet included 60 mg/kg of ZnONPs), and ZnONPs 100 (basal diet included 100 mg/kg of ZnONPs). Thereafter, from Day 22 to 42, the chickens from each dietary treatment group were subjected to different temperature stresses either normal (23±1°C constant) or heat stress (34±1°C for 6 h/day), which divided them into 8 different treatment groups. Our findings revealed that dietary ZnONPs altered the gene expression of cholecystokinin (ileum), HSP 70 (jejunum and ileum) and HSP 90 (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). The gene expression of ghrelin was affected by the interaction between the ZnONPs concentration and temperature in the duodenum and stomach. More studies are required to elucidate its complex physiological and biochemical functions of the regulation of gene expression within the intestine in heat stressed broiler chickens.
Shear-assisted grain coarsening in colloidal polycrystals

Significance Grain growth and grain-boundary motions during shear play key roles in polycrystal annealing. Notably, complex interactions between neighboring grains give rise to nontrivial grain-boundary kinetics that are not well understood, in part because electron microscopy cannot dynamically track atoms. Here, we observe grain-growth behaviors and elucidate kinetics from experiments with colloidal polycrystals that resolve single-particle motions; the observations reveal shear-coupled grain-boundary migration, grain rotation via emission of dislocations across the grain, melting-point shifts for different lattice orientations, and melting–recrystallization phenomena, which provide a mechanism for unexplained dynamic abnormal grain growth. These fundamental findings are critical results for understanding and processing polycrystalline materials. Grain growth under shear annealing is crucial for controlling the properties of polycrystalline materials. However, their microscopic kinetics are not well understood because individual atomic trajectories are difficult to track. Here, we study grain growth with single-particle kinetics in colloidal polycrystals using video microscopy. Rich grain-growth phenomena are revealed in three shear regimes, including the normal grain growth (NGG) in weak shear melting–recrystallization process in strong shear. For intermediate shear, early stage NGG is arrested by built-up stress and eventually gives way to dynamic abnormal grain growth (DAGG). We find that DAGG occurs via a melting–recrystallization process, which naturally explains the puzzling stress drop at the onset of DAGG in metals. Moreover, we visualize that grain boundary (GB) migration is coupled with shear via disconnection gliding. The disconnection-gliding dynamics and the collective motions of ambient particles are resolved. We also observed that grain rotation can violate the conventional relation R×θ=constant (R is the grain radius, and θ is the misorientation angle between two grains) by emission and annihilation of dislocations across the grain, resulting in a step-by-step rotation. Besides grain growth, we discover a result in shear-induced melting: The melting volume fraction varies sinusoidally on the angle mismatch between the triangular lattice orientation of the grain and the shear direction. These discoveries hold potential to inform microstructure engineering of polycrystalline materials.
BARRIERS TO INTERBREEDING IN LYCOPERSICON PERUVIANUM

Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.) Mill. , a highly polymorphic species of tomato, is well suited to experimental studies on the nature and origin of isolating mechanisms. It is common on the coast of Peru and northern Chile and at mid-elevations in western drainages of the Andes of the same latitudes. Not only is it amply represented in herbaria of the world, but it has also been grown in culture at least since 1915 (Crane, 1915) from seeds of many wild populations. Plants of this species thrive under a wide range of cultural conditions and flower profusely throughout the year. The flowers are large and easily manipulated, and the prevailing self-incompatibility expedites hybridizations. A single fruit yields an average of 50 or more seeds. The great variability of L. peruvianum is reflected to some extent in its taxonomic synonymy. In his monograph of the genus Lycopersicon, Muller (1940) lists eight different names as synonyms of this species and its botanical varieties. Muller recognized var. dentatum Dun. and var. humifusum Muller in addition to the typical form. Although var. humifusum is a clearly defined and discrete entity, Muller was aware that the concept of var. dentatum is nebulous, including, on one hand, variants that exist in the same populations with the typical form of the species, and, on the other, forms that have been recognized as L. chilense on the grounds of geographic distribution, morphology, and cross-incompatibility with L. peruvianum (Rick and Lamm, 1955). The latter writers encountered a similar barrier between var. humifusum and other elements of the peruvianum complex. A study of the distribu-
The Importance of Early Genetic Diagnostics of Hearing Loss in Children

Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory deficits. It carries severe medical and social consequences, and therefore, universal newborn hearing screening was introduced at the beginning of this century. Affected patients can have hearing loss as a solitary deficit (non-syndromic hearing loss) or have other organs affected as well (syndromic hearing loss). In around 60% of cases, congenital hearing loss has a genetic etiology, where disease-causing variants can change any component of the hearing pathway. Genetic testing is usually performed by sequencing. Sanger sequencing enables analysis of the limited number of genes strictly preselected according to the clinical presentation and the prevalence among the hearing loss patients. In contrast, next-generation sequencing allows broad analysis of the numerous genes related to hearing loss, exome, or the whole genome. Identification of the genetic etiology is possible, and it makes the foundation for the genetic counselling in the family. Furthermore, it enables the identification of the comorbidities that may need a referral for specialty care, allows early treatment, helps with identification of candidates for cochlear implant, appropriate aversive/protective management, and is the foundation for the development of novel therapeutic options.
Structural and floristic traits of habitats with differing relative abundance of the lemurs Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis in northwestern Madagascar.

We analyzed the variations in several structural and floristic parameters in three habitats with differing relative abundance of two mouse lemur species, Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis, in order to explore possible functional links between the vegetation parameters and relative mouse lemur abundances. In the Ankarafantsika National Park the two species live in partial sympatry but occupy different parts of the forest in different relative abundances. Nine 50-m transects and nine sampling quadrats (900 m2 each) were installed for studying structural and schematic vegetation profiles and the spatial distribution of all woody plant individuals at the three sites. The lists of common plant species and plant species occurring along the profiles were compared with known lemur food plants. A cluster analysis based on 11 habitat characteristics revealed that the site with highest relative abundance of M. ravelobensis (JBB) was distinct from the two other sites (JBA/JBC). Compared with JBA/JBC, JBB comprised a relatively high forest with a higher proportion of large trees, a higher density of lianas, but a lower overall density of plant individuals. Moreover, it had lower richness in plant species and families and a floristic composition different from JBA/JBC. Finally, food plant species of both lemur species were not equally represented among the most frequent plant species. The differences in relative abundance of the two mouse lemur species may be functionally linked to structural and floristic differences in the vegetation, and these potential functional links are discussed. Accepted 23 october 2009.
The ESCRTs – converging on mechanism

ABSTRACT The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) I, -II and –III, and their associated factors are a collection of ∼20 proteins in yeast and ∼30 in mammals, responsible for severing membrane necks in processes that range from multivesicular body formation, HIV release and cytokinesis, to plasma and lysosomal membrane repair. ESCRTs are best known for ‘reverse-topology’ membrane scission, where they act on the inner surface of membrane necks, often when membranes are budded away from the cytosol. These events are driven by membrane-associated assemblies of dozens to hundreds of ESCRT molecules. ESCRT-III proteins form filaments with a variety of geometries and ESCRT-I has now been shown to also form helical structures. The complex nature of the system and the unusual topology of its action has made progress challenging, and led to controversies with regard to its underlying mechanism. This Review will focus on recent advances obtained by structural in vitro reconstitution and in silico mechanistic studies, and places them in their biological context. The field is converging towards a consensus on the broad outlines of a mechanism that is driven by a progressive ATP-dependent treadmilling exchange of ESCRT subunits, as well as compositional change and geometric transitions in ESCRT filaments. Summary: New structural and biophysical studies have shed much light on the physical mechanism of ESCRT-mediated membrane remodeling and scission.
Subclinical Tuberculosis Disease—A Review and Analysis of Prevalence Surveys to Inform Definitions, Burden, Associations, and Screening Methodology

Abstract While it is known that a substantial proportion of individuals with tuberculosis disease (TB) present subclinically, usually defined as bacteriologically-confirmed but negative on symptom screening, considerable knowledge gaps remain. Our aim was to review data from TB prevalence population surveys and generate a consistent definition and framework for subclinical TB, enabling us to estimate the proportion of TB that is subclinical, explore associations with overall burden and program indicators, and evaluate the performance of screening strategies. We extracted data from all publicly available prevalence surveys conducted since 1990. Between 36.1% and 79.7% (median, 50.4%) of prevalent bacteriologically confirmed TB was subclinical. No association was found between prevalence of subclinical and all bacteriologically confirmed TB, patient diagnostic rate, or country-level HIV prevalence (P values, .32, .4, and .34, respectively). Chest Xray detected 89% (range, 73%–98%) of bacteriologically confirmed TB, highlighting the potential of optimizing current TB case-finding policies.
Add‐on effect of Qiming granule, a Chinese patent medicine, in treating diabetic macular edema: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qiming granule (QG) on diabetic macular edema (DME). PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, qvip and China Biology Medicine Disc were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about participants with a diagnosis of DME were included. Risk of bias assessment was conducted by Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for RCT. Random‐effects model was implemented to pool results. Among 16 included studies, QG combined with conventional treatment was administered 13.5 g daily for a period ranging from 2 to 6 months. Results showed combination therapy was more effective than conventional treatment alone in central macular thickness (weighted mean difference (WMD) = −29.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−39.56 to −19.29), p = . 0001), optimum corrected vision (pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.962, 95%CI (−1.35 to −0.57), p = . 0001) and overall effective rate (RR = 1.25, 95%CI = [1.13 to 1.35], p < .0001). Only three studies reported adverse effects. The quality of evidence is low. Due to a lack of placebo control, the net efficacy of QG is still uncertain. More high‐quality RCTs are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of QG in DME.