Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Concerns

I found Fran Reeder’s (1999) article entitled “Energy: Its Distinctive Meanings” especially thought-provoking, as was William Cody’s (1999) response. Reeder’s (1999) suggestion that Rogers “deliberately chose the metaphor energy field as a figure of speech to evoke the imagination and wonderment of possibilities” (p. 7) led me to question why Rogers (1992) picked the specific terms energy and field to express the fundamental unit of living and nonliving things. Why not pick another word, for example, quark or, better yet, why not make up a term? We all know Rogers was capable of doing Editor’s Note: Send comments, reflective responses, suggestions, or query letters about ideas for this column to William K. Cody, RN, PhD, Associate Professor and Chairperson, Family and Community Nursing, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 288223; phone: (704) 547-4729; fax: (704) 547-3180; E-mail: wkcody@email.uncc. edu
Recommendations for post-stroke aphasia rehabilitation: an updated systematic review and evaluation of clinical practice guidelines

ABSTRACT Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been shown to improve patient care and outcomes. For speech pathologists working with people with post-stroke aphasia, there is currently no single high-quality guideline that summarises all of the available research knowledge into recommendations to guide decision-making. While multiple stroke and aphasia guidelines exist, some are of low methodological quality, are out of date, or do not provide recommendations that specifically guide aphasia management. As such, it may be difficult for clinicians to choose one particular guideline to follow. Aim: To identify, extract, and evaluate recommendations from high-quality CPGs to inform the management of post-stroke aphasia by speech pathologists. Methods & Procedures: An updated systematic review of stroke and speech pathology-specific clinical guidelines was conducted in January 2015. The search included multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL), guideline and stroke websites, and other sources. The quality of included guidelines was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines and Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool. Guidelines that obtained a high AGREE II “Rigour of Development” score were retained and the aphasia-relevant recommendations from these guidelines were extracted for further analysis. Recommendations were evaluated according to their applicability to aphasia and the clarity of linkages between the recommendations and underlying evidence. Outcomes & Results: Five new guidelines were identified. Their AGREE II ratings ranged from 31.3 to 71.9, and one met the cut-off of 66.67 for further analysis. One hundred and eleven recommendations from four guidelines were extracted and evaluated. From these, 76 recommendations met the inclusion criteria, 25 of which were specifically targeted at aphasia management, the remainder being general rehabilitation principles that may apply to aphasia. Thirty-four recommendations were directly linked to evidence, and 42 were based on consensus. Research gaps were noted for goal-setting, counselling, patient and carer support, and discharge planning, indicating possible areas for future research. There were challenges in comparing recommendations from different CPGs, determining whether evidence was applicable to people with aphasia, and in identifying clear links between the evidence and some recommendations. Conclusions: The collated 76 (34 evidence-based, 42 consensus-based) recommendations can be used by speech pathologists to guide aphasia rehabilitation. Aphasia-specific research is required in areas such as goal-setting, counselling, patient and carer support, and discharge planning.
Application of ANN technique for rainfall forecasting over Iraq

Rainfall prediction for 5 climatic stations covering Iraq using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique has presented. Data records extend for the period 1937 to 2010 was used to forecast the next ten years for each station. Two prediction approaches were used with the ANN, Bipolar Sigmoid (BS) and Hyperbolic Tangent (HT) to simulate the predication with Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.1. It reveals the possible success for 4 years is more successful than 10 years forecasting . This conclusion is compatible with continuity of the Autocorrelation Function (ACF) lag graph for the time series. HT found to give better estimation than BS activation function. Copyright © 2012 International Energy and Environment Foundation All rights reserved.
A Tax of Two Cities: Optimal Housing Subsidies in Spatial Equilibrium

How should a tax code subsidize housing (as in the mortgage interest deduction)? I study a model where workers choose between places offering different wages, housing prices, and amenities. Housing subsidies induce workers to move towards high-price, high-wage cities, where they pay more income taxes. However, these subsidies are regressive, as skilled workers sort into these expensive cities. The optimal housing subsidy balances distorting location choice, raising housing prices, and its regressive incidence. When geographic mobility is high, the optimal tax code features large housing subsidies and more regressive income taxes. When housing supply is more constrained in high-wage cities, the optimal housing subsidies are cut, and depending on social preferences, a tax could be optimal. Progressive housing subsidies can make a more efficient tax system, though worker mobility reduces this gain. I quantify the model in a calibration to U.S. data that suggests a substantial role for housing subsidies. Using the theory and calibration, I show that declining rates of internal migration motivate tax policy to cut housing subsidies, mostly on higher incomes. JEL classification: H21, H24, R23, R28, R38
Interactions between host and gut microbiota in domestic pigs: a review

ABSTRACT It is well established that pig gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis as well as in a myriad of physiological, neurological and immunological functions; including protection from pathogens and digestion of food materials – some of which would be otherwise indigestible by the pig. A rich and diverse gut microbial ecosystem (balanced microbiota) is the hallmark of good health; while qualitative and quantitative perturbations in the microbial composition can lead to development of various diseases. Alternatively, diseases caused by stressors or other factors have been shown to negatively impact the microbiota. This review focuses primarily on how commensal microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs influence biochemical, physiological, immunological, and metabolic processes within the host animal.
Spleen stiffness measurements using point shear wave elastography detects noncirrhotic portal hypertension in human immunodeficiency virus

Abstract To assess the utility of spleen stiffness as a diagnostic tool in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH). The Philips EPIQ7, a new point shearwave elastography (pSWE) technique, was used to assess liver and spleen stiffness in 3 patient groups. Group 1: HIV and NCPH (n = 11); Group 2: HIV with past didanosine (ddI) exposure without known liver disease or NCPH (n = 5); Group 3: HIV without known liver disease or ddI exposure (n = 9). Groups were matched for age, HIV chronicity, and antiretroviral treatment (including cumulative ddI exposure in Groups 1 and 2). Differences in liver and spleen stiffness (in kPa) between groups were analyzed using the Mann–Whiney U test. Liver and spleen stiffness were both significantly higher in NCPH versus ddI-exposed (P = .019 and P = .006) and ddI-unexposed controls (P = .038 and P < .001). Spleen stiffness was more effective than liver stiffness at predicting NCPH, area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) 0.812 versus 0.948. Combining the 2 variables improved the diagnostic performance, AUROC 0.961. The optimal cut-off for predicting NCPH using splenic stiffness was 25.4 kPa, with sensitivity 91%, specificity 93%, positive predictive value (PPV) 91%, negative predictive value (NPV) 93%, positive likelihood ratio 12.73, negative likelihood ratio 0.10. Spleen and liver stiffness scores were strongly correlated (P = .0004, 95% confidence interval [CI] 18, 59). Elevated spleen stiffness is observed in HIV with NCPH and can be quantified easily using pSWE with high diagnostic accuracy. Novel strategies such as pSWE for longitudinal monitoring of patients with HIV and NCPH should be considered.
Clinical characteristics of portal hypertension complicated by gastroesophageal varices in patients with my- eloproliferative neoplasms

CT, computed tomography; ET, essential thrombocythemia; GEV, gastroesophageal varices; HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient; JAK2, Janus kinase 2; LDLT, living donor liver transplantation; MPN-U, myeloproliferative neoplasm unclassified; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm; PHT, portal hypertension; PMF, primary myelofibrosis; PV, polycythemia vera; TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
The sustained effects of extending cardiac rehabilitation with a six-month telemonitoring and telecoaching programme on fitness, quality of life, cardiovascular risk factors and care utilisation in CAD patients: The TeleCaRe study

Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sustained effects of a six-month heart-rate-based telerehabilitation programme, following the completion of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), on peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2), quality of life (QoL), cardiovascular risk factors and care utilisation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods A total of 122 patients with CAD were randomised, after the completion of CR, to an intervention group with six months of telemonitoring and telecoaching (TELE) or a control group with a traditional six-month follow-up programme with monthly calls (CON). The primary outcome was peakVO2 at 12 months, to assess the sustained effects of TELE. The secondary outcomes included QoL, cardiovascular risk factors (lipid spectrum), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and habitual physical activity. Results PeakVO2 increased significantly from baseline to 12 months in TELE (+2.5 mL·kg−1min−1 (95% CI 1.5–3.2)) and CON (+1.9 mL·kg−1min−1 (95% CI 1.0–2.5)), and did not differ between groups (P = 0.28). Similarly, QoL (P = 0.31), total cholesterol (P = 0.45), MACE (P = 0.86) did not differ between groups and in time. Discussion Extending CR with a heart-rate-based telerehabilitation programme did not yield additional sustainable health benefits compared with regular care with monthly telephone calls. These observations highlight that both telerehabilitation and regular care with monthly telephone calls may prevent the typically observed reductions in peakVO2 following the completion of a CR programme.Trial registration: Dutch Trial Register NL4140 (registered 6 December 2014)
Association between misalignment of circadian rhythm and obesity in Korean men: Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

ABSTRACT Background: The disruption of circadian rhythm has been found to associate with obesity in vivo and in vitro. Sleep duration, eating habits, total feeding time, and nightshift work can also affect circadian rhythms. This study investigated the association between misalignment of circadian rhythm and obesity in Korean men, using a cross-sectional database. Methods: This study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), whose study population was 3,658 men aged 18 to 60 years. General and abdominal obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥ 90 cm, respectively. Circadian rhythm factors were determined with a self-report questionnaire and included breakfast frequency, sleep duration, and work time. Frequency of breakfast was divided into regular breakfast (five to seven times a week) and irregular breakfast (less than five times a week). Sleep duration was divided into less than 7 hours, 7–9 hours, and over 9 hours. Working time was defined as day/evening, night shift, and other type. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for general and abdominal obesity were calculated using multivariable logistic regression according to the number of factors that disturb the circadian rhythm. Results: Participants with 1 (aOR 1.34, 95% Cl 1.10–1.61) and ≥2 (aOR 1.62, 95% Cl 1.29–2.05) factors disturbing circadian rhythms were associated with elevated risk for general obesity. Similarly, those with 1 (aOR 1.33, 95% Cl 1.09–1.63) and ≥2 (aOR 1.70, 95% Cl 1.32–2.20) factors had elevated risk for abdominal obesity. Conclusions: Factors disturbing the circadian rhythm were associated with general and abdominal obesity. Additional studies are needed, and associations with metabolic diseases should be investigated.
DEPRESSED PATIENT'S FAMILY FUNCTIONING, A STUDY BASED ON MCMASTER'S MODEL

Background and Objectives: The relationship between family context and environment with mental illness has been considered by researchers for many years. On the other hand disorganizations in family structure and function including conflict in roles, enmeshment in borders, alliance, affective involvement and loss of affective responsibility are main factors in development of depression. Here we studied the family functioning of patients with depression according to the theory of McMaster model and then compared with normal people. Materials and Methods: Fifty depressive patients were selected from two out patient psychiatry clinics. The control group was selected from normal students and employees of Tabriz University. All patients were asked to complete the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Family Assessment Device (FAD) questionnaires. Results: The depressed people acted poorer in most dimensions of family functioning than normal people. Depressed people had poor functioning in general functioning (P < 0/001), communication (P < 0/001), affective responsibility (P < 0/001) and affective involvement (P < 0/001). However, there was no significant difference in problem solving (P = 0/69), control of behavior (P = 0/43) and role (P = 0/55) between the depressed patients and control group. Conclusion: Depressed patients have numerous dysfunctions in different aspects of their family functionings.
Effect of Pycnogenol on Blood Pressure: Findings From a PRISMA Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Studies

Results of previous clinical trials evaluating the effect of pycnogenol supplementation on blood pressure (BP) are controversial. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of pycnogenol on BP through a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of available randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies (randomized clinical trials [RCTs]). Literature search included SCOPUS, PubMed-Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to January 10, 2019 to identify RCTs investigating the impact of pycnogenol on BP. Two investigators independently extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42018112172. Overall, the impact of pycnogenol on BP was reported in 7 trials involving 626 participants. Meta-analysis did not suggest any significant improvement in systolic BP (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.028 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.182 to 0.127; P = .726; I2 = 46%), diastolic BP (WMD: −0.144 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.299 to 0.010; P = .067; I2 = 0%), mean arterial pressure (WMD: −0.091 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.246 to 0.063; P = .246; I2 = 0%), and pulse pressure (WMD: −0.003 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.151 to 0.158; P = .966; I2 = 0%) following pycnogenol treatment. Results persisted in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Therefore, the present meta-analysis does not suggest any significant effect of pycnogenol on BP.
THE BIOMECHANICAL EFFECTS OF AN EXTERNALLY APPLIED ORTHOSIS ON MEDIAL COMPARTMENT KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

x List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used . xi Acknowledgements . xiii Chapter
Proficiency Comparison of ZeroR, RIDOR and PART Classifiers for Intelligent Heart Disease Prediction

Medical data mining is an emerging field which helps physicians to diagnose patients well in advance. In modern days, the clinical data of patients are stored for future use. And this clinical data grow exponentially during the time period. Processing this mass patient data needs information technology and computing algorithms to play an vital role. Many data mining especially different classification techniques are used to extract hidden information and to predict diseases. Heart disease is the leading cause of death all over the world and risk of heart disease increases as age grows. Classification algorithms are the superior choice for predictive analysis like predicting heart disease of the patient, whether he/she has the disease or not. Finding the outstanding classifier is a hard-hitting assignment for the physician. This gives opportunity to computer science researchers to drill down well- organized research works through evaluating different classifiers and identifying the finest classifier for such predictive problems. This research work inspects the effectiveness of different Rule Based Classifiers (RIDOR, ZeroR and PART Classifiers) for the Heart Disease prediction and evaluates their strength through various measures. Heart disease dataset from UCI data set has been taken and used to predict the heart disease existence using open source machine learning tool.
Generating psychotherapy breakthroughs: Transtheoretical strategies from population health psychology.

Over the past 40 years, few breakthroughs have dramatically increased the impacts of psychotherapy. There have been new and exciting therapies, but the research does not convincingly demonstrate that any recent or more established therapies produce greater impacts than 40 years ago. Seven strategies from the transtheoretical model that have produced breakthroughs in health psychology/population health are analyzed to illustrate how they can similarly generate breakthroughs in mental health outcomes. The first three strategies can enhance impacts by increasing the percentage of troubled populations entering and completing best-practice treatments: reach, recruit, and retain. The fourth strategy accords higher value to synergy than to specificity by generating more benefits from whole-health therapies that briefly treat the small number of behaviors that account for a large percentage of chronic disabilities and premature deaths. The fifth breakthrough strategy creates multiple synergistic changes within individuals; changing one problem behavior promotes the probabilities that individuals will change a second problem (coaction). The sixth strategy increases impacts by complementing psychologists with tailored technology that extends their influence into homes, schools, workplaces, and communities. The seventh strategy calls on researchers to test their innovations against best practices and to benchmark outcomes, like those found with depression. We conclude by advancing a framework that can generate more inclusive and effective psychotherapies by integrating individual health care with population health practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Do vegetarians less frequently carry ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli/Klebsiella pneumoniae compared with non-vegetarians?

BACKGROUND ESBL and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are frequently found on meat products in Dutch retail, especially on poultry. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether vegetarians are at lower risk of carrying ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli/Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-E/K) compared with persons who consume meat. METHODS Vegetarians, pescatarians (vegetarians who eat fish) and non-vegetarians (persons who eat meat at least three times per week) were asked to send in a faecal sample and a questionnaire. ESBL-E/K were cultured and MLSTs were determined. ESBL/pAmpC genes were analysed using PCR and sequencing. The risk of ESBL-E/K carriage in the three study groups was analysed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Prevalence of ESBL-E/K carriage was 8.0% in vegetarians (63/785; 95% CI 6.3-10.1), 6.9% in pescatarians (27/392; 95% CI 4.8-9.8) and 3.8% in non-vegetarians (14/365; 95% CI 2.3-6.3). Multivariable analysis showed an OR for ESBL-E/K carriage of 2.2 for vegetarians (95% CI 1.2-4.0) and 1.6 for pescatarians (95% CI 0.8-3.2) compared with non-vegetarians. The predominant MLST was E. coli ST131 and the most common ESBL genes were blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-1 in all diet groups. Independent risk factors for ESBL-E/K carriage were travel to Africa/Latin America/Asia (OR 4.6; 95% CI 2.8-7.7) in the past 6 months and rarely/never washing hands before food preparation (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.2-5.0). CONCLUSIONS Vegetarians and pescatarians did not have a lower risk of ESBL-E/K carriage compared with non-vegetarians, indicating that eating meat is not an important risk factor for ESBL-E/K carriage.
Novel tacrine–benzofuran hybrids as potential multi-target drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract Pursuing the widespread interest on multi-target drugs to combat Alzheimer´s disease (AD), a new series of hybrids was designed and developed based on the repositioning of the well-known acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, tacrine (TAC), by its coupling to benzofuran (BF) derivatives. The BF framework aims to endow the conjugate molecules with ability for inhibition of AChE (bimodal way) and of amyloid-beta peptide aggregation, besides providing metal (Fe, Cu) chelating ability and concomitant extra anti-oxidant activity, for the hybrids with hydroxyl substitution. The new TAC-BF conjugates showed very good activity for AChE inhibition (sub-micromolar range) and good capacity for the inhibition of self- and Cu-mediated Aβ aggregation, with dependence on the linker size and substituent groups of each main moiety. Neuroprotective effects were also found for the compounds through viability assays of neuroblastoma cells, after Aβ1-42 induced toxicity. Structure-activity relationship analysis provides insights on the best structural parameters, to take in consideration for future studies in view of potential applications in AD therapy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Design, synthesis and evaluation of new tacrine-benzofuran hybrids as multitargeting anti- Alzheimer’s disease agents; high AChE inhibition associated with other relevant properties; structure–activity relationship analysis