Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A deflated iterative solver for magnetostatic finite element models with large differences in permeability

The presence of materials with a relative large difference in permeability has a harmful influence on the convergence of Krylov subspace iterative solvers. Some slow converging components are not cured by preconditioning and correspond to eigenvectors reflecting the domains with relatively low permeable material. Approximations for those eigenvectors are determined using physical knowledge of the problem. The iterative solution process is split up in a small problem counting for the separated eigenmodes and a full-size problem out of which the slow converging modes are removed. This deflated preconditioned solver is faster converging compared to more common approaches, such as the incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient method.
Electrical charging of hail pellets in a polarizing electric held

Earlier experiments in which the authors investigated the electrical charging of a simulated hailstone by collisions with ice crystals, and by the accretion, freezing and bursting of supercooled droplets, have now been repeated in the presence of polarizing electric fields of up to about 1000 Vcm-1, which are typical of large-scale fields in thunderstorms. It is found that such fields have no detectable influence on the charging produced by rebounding ice crystals, apparently because the times of contact are less than the relaxation times for the conduction of charge between the particles. After much longer times the charge Aq transferred between two ice spheres of radius R, r in a uniform polarizing field E agrees with the theoretical equation Δq = {γ±E cos θ={γ2(q/R2)} r2, where γ1 and γ2 are calculable functions of r/R, q is the charge on the larger sphere and θ is the angle between the line of centres and the field. The dependence upon time of contact, particle shape and surface temperature is also investigated. The charging which accompanies the impaction and freezing of supercooled droplets on the hailstone is altered by only about 10 % by the application of fields of order 1000Vcm-1. The conclusion is that the charging of hailstones by either process will not be greatly accelerated by the build-up of polarizing fields in thunderstorms.
76.3: 32‐inch LCD Panel Using Amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide TFTs

32‐inch TFT‐LCD Panel using the amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is demonstrated in this study. The size of 32‐inch TFT‐LCD driven by a‐IGZO TFTs was the top two largest sizes in our limited information. Less report was larger than the size of 32‐inch a‐IGZO TFT‐LCDs. To realize a‐IGZO TFTs driving the large size TFT‐LCD panel, bottom gate structure is proposed. High performance a‐IGZO TFTs is achieved successfully to ligh‐on the 32‐inch LCD panel. Uniform electrical characteristic is obtained on the coplanar type TFTs. The field effect mobility is 5.16 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage is 0.5 V, sub‐threshold swing is 0.38 V/decade, and on/off current ratio is 1.8 × 108. After 1000 sec DC gate bias stress at −30 V, the threshold voltage shifts is less than 1.1 V.
Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of extracts of Bridelia Retusa Spreng Bark: Impact of dielectric constant and geographical location

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the influence of solvents (possessing different dielectric constant values) and geographical location on the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of extracts of Bridelia retusa bark. The bark was collected from two different geographical locations of India [Maharashtra (MAH) and Andhra Pradesh (AP)]. The highest extractive values were found to be as 20.70±0.56 %w/w and 18.43 ± 0.97 %w/w in case of methanolic extracts of Bridelia retusa bark collected from MAH and AP regions respectively while the total polyphenolic contents in the methanolic extract ofBridelia retusa bark were 32.52 ± 0.24 mg/100 gm and 28.04±0.67 mg/100gm in MAH and AP regions respectively. The methanolic extract of the species from MAH exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity while that from AP showed less scavenging activity. The extracts showed a positive correlation between the polyphenol contents and solvent’s dielectric constant (R=0.728, P<0.05). This suggests that dielectric constant value significantly influences the choice of solvent for extraction as well as the total phenolic contents and subsequently the antioxidant activity of the plant extract. Key words: Dielectric constant, total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, Bridelia retusa.
Semipolar GaN Films on Prism Stripe Patterned a-Plane Sapphire Substrates

A ( 1 0 1 4 ) semipolar GaN layer was grown on periodic stripe patterned a-plane sapphire substrate fabricated by using two-steps etching process. The stripes in prism shape were inclined with sapphire c-axis in 60 degrees. The orientation relationship between semipolar GaN and sapphire is (0 0 0 2)GaN//(2 1 1 3)sapphire and [2 1 1 0]GaN//[2 3 5 2]sapphire as defined by selected area diffraction in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Growth of semipolar GaN on the sidewalls of the prism stripes is evidenced from TEM and X-ray φ scan. The quality of semipolar GaN film is reasonably good as examined with X-ray rocking curves. In addition, TEM and cathodoluminescence results show that the dislocation density in the semipolar GaN is significantly reduced near the film surface. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.006201jss] All rights reserved.
Highly Ordered Mesoporous Crystalline MoSe2 Material with Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Activity and Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance

Highly ordered mesoporous crystalline MoSe2 is synthesized using mesoporous silica SBA‐15 as a hard template via a nanocasting strategy. Selenium powder and phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo12O40) are used as Se and Mo sources, respectively. The obtained products have a highly ordered hexagonal mesostructure and a rod‐like particle morphology, analogous to the mother template SBA‐15. The UV‐vis‐NIR spectrum of the material shows a strong light absorption throughout the entire visible wavelength region. The direct bandgap is estimated to be 1.37 eV. The high surface area MoSe2 mesostructure shows remarkable photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B, a model organic dye, in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. In addition, the synthesized mesoporous MoSe2 possess a reversible lithium storage capacity of 630 mAh g−1 for at least 35 cycles without any notable decrease. The rate performance of mesoporous MoSe2 is much better than that of analogously synthesized mesoporous MoS2, making it a promising anode for the lithium ion battery.
Ozone decomposition in aqueous acetate solutions

The acetate radical ion reacts with ozone with a rate constant of k = (1.5 +/- 0.5) x 10Z dmT mol s . The products from this reaction are CO2, HCHO, and O2 . By subsequent reaction of the peroxy radical with ozone the acetate radical ion is regenerated through the OH radical. A chain decomposition of ozone takes place. It terminates when the acetate radical ion reacts with oxygen forming the unreactive peroxy acetate radical. The chain is rather short as oxygen is developed, as a result of the ozone consumption. The inhibiting effect of acetate on the ozone decay is rationalized by OH scavenging by acetate and successive reaction of the acetate radical ion with oxygen. Some products from the bimolecular disappearance of the peroxy acetate radicals, however, react further with ozone, reducing the effectiveness of the stabilization.
Surface Integral Equations for Low-Frequency Simulation in Well Logging Applications

Borehole and fracture in well-logging applications are usually simulated by the finite-element method (FEM) or volume integral equation (VIE). In this work, we propose the surface integral equation (SIE) to simulate them together. Specifically, the borehole is treated by the Poggio, Miller, Chang, Harrington, Wu, and Tsai (PMCHWT) formulation, whereas the fracture is handled by the thin dielectric sheet (TDS)-based SIE, i.e., TDS-SIE. The notorious low-frequency breakdown of PMCHWT is cured by using loop and tree basis functions for discretization. The hybridization of the loop-tree enhanced PMCHWT and TDS-SIE may be referred to as LT-TDS, which is reported for the first time. Moreover, we extend LT-TDS into the case where the background is a layered medium (LM), leading to the more universal and powerful solver entitled LM-LT-TDS. We validate the proposed (LM-)LT-TDS by simulating several low-frequency examples and comparing with the reference results obtained by FEM. Of particular concern is a practical well-logging case where both the borehole and the tilted fracture straddle a three-layer medium.
High‐frequency measurements of productivity of planktonic algae using rugged nondispersive infrared carbon dioxide probes

We have constructed a system based on commercially available inexpensive NDIR CO2 sensors to continuously monitor CO2 concentrations in water bodies. Here we demonstrate its use in a boreal humic lake. With the system, we collect high frequency data with a 10‐min time resolution for determination of CO2 consumption and production. We use and modify the computational methods commonly used in forest ecology to enable characterization of aquatic primary production. To demonstrate the advantages of the method, we present the results against the observations from the long‐term monitoring program applying traditional bottle methods. With the probes, we can detect a clear, photosynthesis‐driven daily pattern in the CO2 concentration and determine the CO2 consumption or production resulting in more than a 10‐fold improvement in the time resolution when compared with traditional incubation methods. The measuring frequency is high enough to determine the dependence of photosynthesis on irradiance. The high‐frequency data highlights the inherent problems of discrete bottle incubations and bring into question their reliability. Our free water approach yielded productivity and mineralization rates that were clearly higher than obtained with incubations.
Bis[ethyl 2-cyano-2-(oxidoimino)acetate]bis­(ethyl­ene­diamine)nickel(II) hexa­hydrate

The centrosymmetric neutral mononuclear title complex, [Ni(C5H5N2O3)2(C2H8N2)2]·6H2O, has the Ni centre in a distorted octa­hedral environment, defined by six N atoms belonging to two chelating ethyl­enediamine mol­ecules and two cyano N atoms derived from cyanoxime ligands. The O atom of the deprotonated oxime group forms hydrogen bonds with two solvent water mol­ecules.
Consumo e digestibilidade de subprodutos do processamento de frutas em ovinos

ABSTRACT - This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the nutritive value of byproducts of fruit processor. Byproducts ofpineapple, west indian cherry (WIC), guava, passion fruit and melon were evaluated. Twenty sheep castrated males, with average weightof 34.5 kg, were assigned to a completely randomized design with five treatments (byproducts) and four replications. Dry matter intakes(DMI) of byproducts of guava, passion fruit and melon by the animals were similar but higher than WIC byproduct. The highest cr udeprotein intake (CPI) (g/animal/day, g/BW 0.75 ) was observed in passion fruit and melon byproducts, while WIC byproduct the lowestCPI. Guava byproduct showed the higher intakes of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and passion frui tbyproduct showed the highest apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM) coefficient. Guava and WIC byproducts showed ADMSlower than the others. The coefficients of apparent digestibility of crude protein (ADCP) of passion fruit and melon byproducts werehigher than the others byproducts. As for, the coefficients of apparent digestibility of NDF (ADNDF) and ADF (ADADF), WIC andguava byproducts were lower while passion fruit byproduct showed ADNDF and ADADF higher than the others. No difference amongevaluates byproducts for nitrogen balance was observed. Results showed that; pineapple, passion fruit and melon byproducts coul dbe used in ruminant diets. However, WIC and guava byproducts showed low nutrient digestibility coefficients, restricting their usein ruminant diets.Key Words: byproducts, digestibility, intake, sheep
Synthesis and Characterization of Well Aligned Ru Nanowires and Nanotubes

Arrays of well aligned Ru nanowires and nanotubes were prepared by electrodeposition through porous anodic aluminum oxide membranes. It is shown that Ru nanowires are formed at low cathodic deposition overpotential, while nanotubes are prepared at higher cathodic overpotential. The inner diameter of the nanotube can be controlled by the deposition potential, and it varies from 0 to 70% of the outer diameter as the deposition potential is changed from -0.30 to -0.45 V vs SCE.
Asterococcus superbus as a biosorbent of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead: adsorption isotherm and kinetic modelling

The adsorption capacity of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead by Asterococcus superbus, a freshwater microalgae, was studied in batch mode. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin? Radushkevich models were applied and results demonstrate that for all cases the Langmuir model best describes the adsorption process and that A. superbus isotherm followed the bisorption series, Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Kinetic studies demonstrate that the adsorption of zinc and copper follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and that of cadmium and lead follows a pseudo first-order kinetic model. Natural waters present an increasing concentration of heavy metals, mainly due to the effluent discharge in these type or reservoires. The importance of the present work is to contribute to the study of new methods to diminish the presence of heavy metals in natural waters.
Chemical composition and microstructure of waxy plant surfaces: triterpenoids and fatty acid derivatives on leaves of Kalanchoe daigremontiana

The vast surfaces of plant leaves are protected by a coating of cuticular waxes. While the bulk composition of wax mixtures from various plant species has been reported, chemical information on the outermost leaf surface is lacking to date. The goal of the present study was to explore the use of ToF‐SIMS for surface analyses of plant leaves of the species Kalanchoe daigremontiana. It was found that the two major wax triterpenoids, glutinol and friedelin, were both present at the lower leaf surface in high concentrations. In contrast, the predominant wax alkane, tritriacontane, was not detectable by ToF‐SIMS. Three other unidentified compounds that had not been detected in the bulk wax mixture were present at the surface, further demonstrating that the outermost layer of molecules differed drastically in composition from the underlying wax mixture. Mapping experiments showed that all compounds were distributed fairly homogenously across the lower leaf surface, exhibiting no apparent gradients across epidermal cells and within the surface area of individual cells Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Surface Heating Condition on Local Heat Transfer in a Rotating Square Channel With Smooth Walls and Radial Outward Flow

The effect of surface heating condition on the local heat transfer coefficient in a rotating square channel with smooth walls and radial outward flow was investigated for Reynolds numbers from 2,500 to 25,000 and rotation numbers from 0 to 0.352. The square channel, composed of six isolated copper sections, has a length-to-hydraulic diameter ratio of 12. The mean rotating radius to the channel hydraulic diameter ratio is kept at a constant value of 30. Four surface heating conditions were tested: (1) four walls uniform temperature, (2) temperature ratio of leading surface to side wall and trailing surface to side wall is 1.05 and 1.10, respectively, (3) trailing surface hot and remaining three walls cold, and (4) leading surface hot and remaining three walls cold. The results show that the heat transfer coefficients on the leading surface are much lower than that of the trailing surface due to rotation. For case (1) of four walls uniform temperature, the leading surface heat transfer coefficient decreases and then increases with increasing rotation numbers, and the trailing surface heat transfer coefficient increases monotonically with rotation numbers. However, the trailing surface heat transfer coefficients for cases (2) and (3) are slightly lower than case (1), and the leading surface heat transfer coefficients for cases (2) and (4) are significantly higher than for case (1). The results suggest that the local wall heating condition creates the local buoyancy forces which reduce the effects of the bulk buoyancy and Coriolis forces. Therefore, the local heat transfer coefficients on the leading and trailing surfaces are altered by the surface local heating condition.Copyright © 1992 by ASME
Radiation effects in space on solar cells developed for terrestrial use demonstrated by MDS-1

Mission Demonstration-test Satellite No. 1 (MDS-1), launched in February 2002, successfully observed the radiation tolerance of six kinds of solar cells developed for terrestrial use for a year in the very severe radiation environment of a geostationary transfer orbit. CIGS cells demonstrated super radiation tolerance, InGaP/GaAs tandem cells, sufficient tolerance, and poly-crystalline silicon cells reasonable tolerance. The flight degradation trend approximately corresponded to the ground irradiation test results. The flight data indicate promising possibilities and capabilities of the terrestrial solar cell technologies for space applications.
Methyl 4-tert-butoxy­carbonyl-N-cyano­piperazine-1-carboximidothio­ate

The title compound, C12H20N4O2S, has been synthesized for use as an inter­mediate for antihypertensive agents, potential antimalarials and mol­ecular rectification materials. The inter­molecular S⋯N non-bonded separation within a column in the crystal structure is 3.308 (2) A, indicating a strong inter­molecular inter­action between the cyano groups and the S atoms. Attractive C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are responsible for zigzag mol­ecular chains propagating in the a-axis direction; these types of inter­molecular inter­actions combine to form an extended three-dimensional network in the lattice.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Particle Mixing and Conduction in Wavy Drums

ABSTRACT A thermal discrete element method (DEM) is used to simulate particle mixing and heat conduction inside wavy drums to explore the effects of wavy walls. Sinusoidal configurations with different waves on the walls are simulated. The Lacey mixing index is applied to analyze the mixing characteristics. The driven forces from the wavy wall, either positive/negative or effective driven forces, are analyzed to explain the mechanisms of mixing enhancement in the wavy drum. A new control parameter is proposed to explain the mechanism of mixing enhancement. It is found that a locally oscillating effect exists in wavy drums, which is imparted on the bulk rotating motions of particles and enhances the characteristics of particle mixing and heat conduction significantly. Except over large wave numbers and rotating speeds when the flow regime is deteriorated for mixing, the wavy drum is generally beneficial for mixing augmentation as well as conduction enhancement.
Trapping of Cr by Formation of Ferrihydrite during the Reduction of Chromate Ions by Fe(II)-Fe(III) Hydroxysalt Green Rusts

Hexavalent chromium, a byproduct of many industrial processes, is toxic and produces mobile aqueous oxyanions, whereas Cr(III) is relatively immobile in the environment and, moreover, essential in human glucidic metabolism. For this reason, Fe(II)−Fe(III) layered double hydroxysalt green rusts, recently identified as a mineral in hydromorphic soils, were evaluated as potential Fe(II)-bearing phases for hexavalent chromium reduction. Both considered synthetic varieties, the hydroxysulfate GR(SO42-) and the hydroxychloride GR(Cl-), proved to be very reactive; their interaction with potassium chromate solutions leads to the rapid and complete reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III). The Cr(III)-bearing solid phase, studied by X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer, X-ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopies, was determined to be a poorly ordered Cr(III)−Fe(III) oxyhydroxide, similar to the “2 the line ferrihydrite”. The comparison between the experimental redox potential and pH values for a theoretical equilibrium diagram.
Electrical Characterization of Leaky Charge-Trapping High- $\kappa$ MOS Devices Using Pulsed $Q$ – $V$

A pulsed Q-V method enabling charge or capacitance measurements versus gate voltage of aggressively scaled, leaky (up to ~10 A/cm2 ), and charge-trapping high-kappa MOS devices is introduced. The method does not require RF structures and can be used on MOS capacitors or MOSFETs with an oxide capacitance of 1-10 pF. The method enables the measurement of charge trapping characteristics in leaky MOS devices and allows the accurate measurement of the inversion charge without influence of trapping for the determination of mobility in leaky charge-trapping MOS devices
Modeling and Study of the Influence of Sealing on a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

The properties of sealing materials are important for the performance and reliability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Even if the properties of a sealing material can be studied separately, it remains difficult to quantify the effect of an imperfect seal on the repeat-element behavior. In this study, simulation is used to investigate the effects of an imperfect seal behavior on the performance and reliability of SOFCs. Diffusion through the sealing material and inherent local combustion of fuel are added to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) repeat-element model, which also allows us to compute the flow field, the electrochemical reactions, and the energy equations. The results are in good agreement with experiments. The zones of parasitic combustion and local overheating are well reproduced. Furthermore, the model predicts a risk of reoxidation under polarization that is well observed. The model also shows the necessity to take into account the diffusion transport for the development of compressive seal materials, hence verifying the hypotheses made by other groups. The modeling approach presented here, which includes the imperfections of components, allows us to reproduce experiments with good accuracy and gives a better understanding of degradation processes. With its reasonable computational cost, it is a powerful tool for a design of SOFC based on reliability.
Determination of Thyreostats in Thyroid and Urine Using High-performance Liquid Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry

A method using liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure ionisation mass spectrometry is described for the determination of five thyreostats in urine and thyroid tissue. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and the extracts were cleaned up on silica solid-phase cartridges. They were then concentrated and injected into the LC–MS system, monitoring the [M + H] + ions for each compound. Additional fragment ions for confirmation purposes could be obtained by increasing the cone voltage on the LC–MS system. Detection limits were in the region of 25 ng g - 1 and recoveries ranged from 41% for the more hydrophilic compounds such as thiouracil to above 100% for the more hydrophobic compounds such as propyl- or phenylthiouracil.