Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bio-Inspired Dynamic Trust and Congestion-Aware Zone-Based Secured Internet of Drone Things (SIoDT)

The Internet of Drone Things (IoDT) is a trending research area where drones are used to gather information from ground networks. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), such as congestion issues, security issues, and energy consumption, drones were introduced into the IoV, which is termed drone-assisted IoV. Due to the unique characteristics of the IoV, such as dynamic mobility and unsystematic traffic patterns, the performance of the network is reduced in terms of delay, energy consumption, and overhead. Additionally, there is the possibility of the existence of various attackers that disturb the traffic pattern. In order to overcome this drawback, the drone-assisted IoV was developed. In this paper, the bio-inspired dynamic trust and congestion-aware zone-based secured Internet of Drone Things (BDTC-SIoDT) is developed, and it is mainly divided into three sections. These sections are dynamic trust estimation, congestion-aware community construction, and hybrid optimization. Initially, through the dynamic trust estimation process, triple-layer trust establishment is performed, which helps to protect the network from all kinds of threats. Secondly, a congestion-aware community is created to predict congestion and to avoid it. Finally, hybrid optimization is performed with the combination of ant colony optimization (ACO) and gray wolf optimization (GWO). Through this hybrid optimization technique, overhead occurs during the initial stage of transmission, and the time taken by vehicles to leave and join the cluster is reduced. The experimentation is performed using various threats, such as flooding attack, insider attack, wormhole attack, and position falsification attack. To analyze the performance, the parameters that are considered are energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, packet loss, and throughput. The outcome of the proposed BDTC-SIoDT is compared with earlier research works, such as LAKA-IOD, NCAS-IOD, and TPDA-IOV. The proposed BDTC-SIoDT achieves high performance when compared with earlier research works.
Soccer Match Analysis of Sri Pahang Versus Sabah : The Initial 10 Minutes

Soccer teams usually employ individuals to actuate match analyses upon their teams and opponents in order to gauge the efficiency of their teams and also to measure the credibility of the opponents. This shows the importance of match analyses and this paper analyze the match between Sri Pahang and Sabah with the intention of dissecting the high and low points of the two teams.
Soybean growth and production under straw of maize, Urochloa brizantha, Conyza spp. and Digitaria insularis

Weeds can cause serious damage during soybean development, due to allelopathy, competition for water, light and nutrients. It is necessary to investigate the influence of straw, of weeds Conyza spp. and Digitaria insularis, in soybean growth, production and composition and grains. If there is influence of allelopathic compounds at the crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of straw of maize and Urochloa brizantha (A.Rich.) R.D. Webster crops and Conyza spp. , D. insularis, on growth, production and composition of grains produced by soybean. Treatments consisted of the control (absence of straw), maize straw, Urochloa brizantha straw, Conyza spp. straw (500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 kg ha-1) and D. insularis straw (500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 kg ha-1). The chlorophyll index, height of plants and insertion of the first pod, stem diameter at the collar and at 5 cm from the collar, root dry mass, number of pods and grains, weight of total grains, weight of 100 grains, protein and nitrogen (N), catalase and peroxidase contents in grains were evaluated. There was no difference between treatments for plant height, first pod height and chlorophyll index, as well as for total pods and 100 grain weight and protein content, N content and peroxidase and carboxylase enzymatic activity of the grains produced. For stem diameter, a higher value was found for the treatment with maize straw compared to the control (no straw). For dry root matter, treatments without straw and with Conyza spp. straw up to 1500 kg ha-1, differed from the treatment with maize straw. Even in some respects they provided beneficial effects compared to the absence of straw, which indicates the importance of crop residues. No allelopathic effects of weeds were observed on the growth and development of soybean. Conyza spp. , D. insularis, maize or U. brizantha straws do not negatively affect soybean growth, production and grain composition.
An Output-Capacitor-Free Synthesizable Digital LDO Using CMP-Triggered Oscillator and Droop Detector

This article presents a synthesizable digital low-dropout regulator (DLDO) that precludes the use of an output load capacitor. For efficient regulation, the DLDO consists of fine and coarse loops that have different load conditions to operate. The dual loops are made of typical standard cells to improve the synthesizability. In the coarse loop, a comparator (CMP)-triggered oscillator is employed to generate a high-frequency clock signal without concerning the metastability in the CMP. In order to achieve a fast response to a voltage droop caused by load–current variation, a droop detector and latch-based drivers are exploited that are capable of compensating for a voltage droop asynchronously. The prototype of the DLDO was fabricated in 28-nm CMOS technology. A range of supply voltage is from 0.5 to 1.0 V with a 50-mV dropout voltage. Depending on a supply voltage, a maximum load current and a quiescent current are measured as 160-to-480 mA and 7.7-to-241 $\mu \text{A}$ , respectively. While a load current is increased from 20 to 450 mA with a 2-ns edge time, a 112-mV voltage droop and a 1.4-ns response time are achieved. Thanks to the synthesizability and the output-capacitor-free design, the DLDO occupies an 0.049-mm2 total area and offers 9.8-A/mm2 current density.
An Energy-Efficient Mixed-Bitwidth Systolic Accelerator for NAS-Optimized Deep Neural Networks

Optimized deep neural network (DNN) models and energy-efficient hardware designs are of great importance in edge-computing applications. The neural architecture search (NAS) methods are employed for DNN model optimization with mixed-bitwidth networks. To satisfy the computation requirements, mixed-bitwidth convolution accelerators are highly desired for low-power and high-throughput performance. There exist several methods to support mixed-bitwidth multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations in DNN accelerator designs. The low-bitwidth-combination (LBC) method improves the low-bitwidth throughput with a large hardware cost. The high-bitwidth-split (HBS) method minimizes the additional logic gates for configuration. However, the throughput performance in the low-bitwidth mode is poor. In this work, a bit-split-and-combination (BSC) systolic accelerator is proposed. The BSC-based MAC unit is designed to support mixed-bitwidth operations with the best overall performance. Besides, interprocessing element (PE) systolic and intra-PE paralleled dataflow not only improves throughput performance in mixed-bitwidth modes, but also saves power performance for data transmission. The proposed work is designed and synthesized in a 28-nm process. The BSC MAC unit achieves a maximum $2.08\times $ and $1.75\times $ energy efficiency improvement than the HBS and LBC unit, respectively. Compared with the state-of-the-art accelerators, the proposed work also achieves excellent energy-efficient performance with 20.02, 23.55, and 30.17 TOPS/W on mixed-bitwidth VGG-16, ResNet-18, and LeNet-5 benchmarks at 0.6 V, respectively.
The depiction of cybercrime victims using data mining techniques

Purpose. Development of a scientific and methodological approach for creating a phase depiction of a cybercrime victim by identifying significant personified characteristics. Methodology. In the process of research, methods of systematization, comparison, grouping, logical generalization, bibliometric analysis, regression analysis (the method of sigma-limited parameterization), and the algorithm of associative rules were used. Findings. According to the results of the research, it was established that the countries with the highest rates of cyber fraud in the field of financial services include Luxembourg (15%), France (14%), Great Britain (13%) and Denmark (11%) are among. In 2020, on average, every 10th resident of the European Union became a cyber victim when performing financial transactions. The results of an empirical analysis using the algorithm of associative rules showed that in 100% of the analyzed cases of cyber fraud in the field of financial services among European residents, stable patterns are found between the following parameters: a married woman who raises three children, a woman aged 5564 years old who raises three children, a married person who periodically experiences financial difficulties and raises three children, a person who lives in a rural area and raises three children, a person aged 6574, who has three children. In addition, the probability for a woman raising three children of becoming a victim of cyber fraud is 87.5%. In 71.4% of cybercrime cases in the field of financial services, a close causal relationship is traced with the following parameters: manual worker who was cyberattacked through a smartphone, a person who periodically experiences financial difficulties and a cyberattack occurred through a smartphone. Originality. The use of profiling technology allows evaluating and predicting the behavior of the financial services consumer in the conditions of the growing risk of cyber fraud based on the systematization and establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between the most informative personalized signs of them. Practical value. The development of a phase depiction of a probable victim of cybercrime in the financial system allows identifying the signs of a cyber threat in the early stages, and immediately reacting to it, thus neutralizing or minimizing the negative consequences. The results of the conducted research will have practical significance for the management of financial institutions and public organizations that specialize in training and raising the level of financial and digital literacy of citizens.
PENERAPAN REALISTIC MATHEMATIC EDUCATION DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V PADA MATERI VOLUME BANGUN RUANG DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di lapangan bahwa banyak siswa yang kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal volume bangun ruang yang diberikan oleh peneliti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningkatakan hasil belajar siswa setelah menggunakan model Realistic Mathematic Education . Peneliti menggunakan Realistic Mathematic Education dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Melalui model ini siswa mampu diarahkan untuk senantiasa berpikir kritis, kreatif, dan metakognitif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan model kemmis taggart. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus, yang setiap siklusnnya terdiri dari tiga tindakan. subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V sebanyak 19 orang. Pelaksanaan penelitian terdiri dari tiga siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri dari dua tindakan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi, catatan lapangan, lembar wawancara, lembar evaluasi dan kamera. Dari Hasil belajar yang diperoleh setiap siklus mengalami peningkatan. Rata-rata hasil belajar siklus I mencapai 52,25, rata – rata hasil belajar Siklus II 74,34, dan rata – rata hasil belajar siklus III mencapai 92,34. Dengan demikian peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education dapat meningkatkan Hasil Belajar siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Kata Kunci: Realistic Mathematic Education , Hasil Belajar
MultIPAs: applying program transformations to introductory programming assignments for data augmentation

There has been a growing interest, over the last few years, in the topic of automated program repair applied to fixing introductory programming assignments (IPAs). However, the datasets of IPAs publicly available tend to be small and with no valuable annotations about the defects of each program. Small datasets are not very useful for program repair tools that rely on machine learning models. Furthermore, a large diversity of correct implementations allows computing a smaller set of repairs to fix a given incorrect program rather than always using the same set of correct implementations for a given IPA. For these reasons, there has been an increasing demand for the task of augmenting IPAs benchmarks. This paper presents MultIPAs, a program transformation tool that can augment IPAs benchmarks by: (1) applying six syntactic mutations that conserve the program's semantics and (2) applying three semantic mutilations that introduce faults in the IPAs. Moreover, we demonstrate the usefulness of MultIPAs by augmenting with millions of programs two publicly available benchmarks of programs written in the C language, and also by generating an extensive benchmark of semantically incorrect programs.
Training Stakeholders for Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt

Since 2001, a Banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) pandemic has been spreading rapidly in East and Central Africa. In affected regions the disease has drastically reduced banana productivity, with adverse impact on livelihoods of banana dependent communities. Considering that BXW is a relatively new disease in the region, lack of knowledge on disease recognition and management,has been identified as one of the factors contributing to disease spread. Therefore, increasing the knowledge base of banana producers is an important component of integrated management of BXW. The Crop Crisis Control project (C3P) was instituted as a regional initiative to address BXW in East and Central Africa, partly through education, training and communication programs targeting banana growers. The C3P training program was initiated with two regional training workshops in September/October 2006 on diagnosis and management of BXW and production of healthy banana planting materials. The participants from each country were selected to represent technical, extension, and policy making institutions. Training involved lectures, field visits, handouts and additional training materials provided in electronic form (compact and flash disks). Upon return to their countries those trained at regional level were expected to conduct further training, thereby increasing the number of people with knowledge on BXW management up to farmer level. The C3P training program has contributed to a significant increase in the number of extension and research staff (>1000), as well as farmers (>30,000) currently equipped with knowledge for BXW management in the region. Challenges encountered in executing the training program include differences in capacity and resources (human, administrative, infrastructure and financial) between countries, as well as in their perception of BXW threat, in addition to meeting the needs of Francophone and Anglophone stakeholders. Background and project objectives
Identification a Novel Raw-Starch-Degrading-α-Amylase from a Tropical Marine Bacterium

Problem statement: Bacteria from the surface of the tropical marine hard coral Acropora sp. were screened for producing raw-starch-degrading-α-amylase. Approach: Based on its 16s rDNA sequence, a bacterium that produced the highest amylolitic activity was identified as Bacillus amyloliquifaciens ABBD. The bacterial isolate secreted a α-amylase extracellularly and then the enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by anion exchange chromatography. Results: Electrophoresis results both SDS-PAGE and native PAGE suggested that the enzyme was a heterodimeric protein (97 kDa) consisting of 45 and 55 kDa subunits. The α-amylase had an optimum pH of 7.0 and temperature of 60°C. More than 80% activity of the enzyme was retained under high salt conditions (up to 20% NaCl). The enzyme remained stable at 50°C for 1 h. Starch hydrolysis by the enzyme at 70°C yielded oligosaccharides (G2-G4) and at room temperature yielded glucose/maltose (G1 and G2). Conclusion: The B. amyloliquifaciens ABBD α-amylase was capable of degrading various raw starch granules from corn, rice, cassava and sago at room temperature.
Allantoin ameliorated liver fibrosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: role of nuclear factor kappa B/cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin E2 pathway

Introduction: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered as current and critical liver disease and liver fibrosis is an initial step to vast NASH injuries. Allantoin is an important and sure composite, which has remark effects on inflammation and apoptosis. This study was done to evaluate the allantoin duty on liver fibrosis and its pathways in mice-induced NASH. Methods: In the control groups, inbred mice took saline and allantoin. In the NASH group, NASH was provided with a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for eight weeks, and finally, in the NASH-Alla group, allantoin was injected for four weeks in the mice with an MCD diet. For collagen deposition evaluation, trichrome Masson staining and for cellular evaluations, real-time PCR and ELISA assays were performed. Results: Allantoin treatment improved liver steatosis and fibrosis. Protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFĸB-p65) (P < 0.05) and genes expressions of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) (P < 0.001), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) (P < 0.001), matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) (P < 0.001) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) (P < 0.001) were also decreased. Moreover, hepatic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels lowered after allantoin treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Attenuating effects of allantoin on liver fibrosis may be due to the inhibition of NFĸB/TGFβ, NFĸB/MMP9, and NFĸB/Cox2/PGE2 pathways, which decrease αSMA expression and collagen deposition and ameliorate liver fibrosis.
The role of product reviews on mobile devices for in-store purchases: consumers' usage intentions, costs and store preferences

Product reviews help consumers in purchase decisions. In contrast to reviews obtained from websites on the desktop, it is open if they are adopted for in-store purchases on mobile devices. Further, it is open to which degree free product reviews provided by users or paid product reviews provided by experts are adopted and influence consumers 鈂 preferences for stores that offer access to them. To address these questions, a theoretical model based on innovation diffusion theory, technology acceptance model and theory of planned behaviour is developed and empirically tested with 116 subjects. Results indicate that consumers intend to use product reviews on mobile devices for in-store purchases. Moreover, they are willing to pay almost 5% of the product 鈂s price for a review. Based on these findings, new business models
ShuttleNoC: Power-Adaptable Communication Infrastructure for Many-Core Processors

Networks-on-chip (NoCs), as the communication infrastructure in many-core processors, has demonstrated remarkable power consumption along with the technology scaling. However, due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the on-chip traffic, one critical problem is that the NoC power consumption cannot effectively adapt to the variation of its traffic intensity, also known as localized power adaptation, hence yielding a suboptimal power efficiency. Prior approaches either resort to the over-provisioned NoC design or coarse-grained bandwidth scaling to partially alleviate excessive power consumption brought by the traffic temporal or spatial heterogeneity. While in this paper, we propose a novel NoC architecture called Shuttle NoC (ShuttleNoC) to address this challenge. It leverages the link reconfiguration to enable flexible packet traversing between multiple subnetworks, and specialized punch lines to accelerate latency sensitive traffic. With the support of the dedicated power adaptation mechanisms, it is shown in the evaluation that the proposed ShuttleNoC architecture could effectively tackle the power and performance tradeoff and significantly boost the power efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art baselines.
Tomato geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase isoform 1 specifically interacts with phytoene synthase isoform 3 to produce strigolactones in tomato roots

Carotenoids are photoprotectant pigments and precursors of the hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SL). Carotenoids are produced in plastids from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which is diverted to the carotenoid pathway by phytoene synthase (PSY). In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), 3 genes encode plastid-targeted GGPP synthases (SlG1 to 3) and 3 genes encode PSY isoforms (PSY1 to 3). Here we investigated the function of SlG1 by generating loss-of-function lines and combining their metabolic and physiological phenotypes with gene co-expression and co-immunoprecipitation analyses. Leaves and fruits of slg1 lines showed a wild-type phenotype in terms of isoprenoid accumulation, photosynthesis and development. Consistently, SlG1 is co-expressed with PSY3 and other genes involved in the production of carotenoids and SL (but not ABA) only in roots. SlG1 was also found to physically interact with the root-specific PSY3 isoform (and not with PSY1 and PSY2). Root SL (but not ABA) levels were reduced in slg1 lines. Our results confirm a specific role of SlG1 in SL production in combination with PSY3. This role appears to be restricted to roots as slg1 plants do not exhibit the shoot phenotype displayed by other SL-deficient mutants.
Isolation and Characterization of Basidiomycetous Yeasts Capable of Producing Phytase under Oligotrophic Conditions

Phytic acid is an organic phosphorus source naturally produced by plants as phosphorus stock and can be an alternative to rock phosphate, which is a dwindling resource globally. However, phytic acid is insoluble, owing to its binding to divalent metals and is, thus, not readily bioavailable for plants and monogastric livestock. Therefore, the enzyme phytase is indispensable for hydrolyzing phytic acid to liberate free phosphates for nutritional availability, making the screening of novel phytase-producing microbes an attractive research focus to agriculture and animal feed industries. In the present study, a soil-extract-based culture medium was supplemented with phytic acid as the sole phosphorus source and oligotrophic phytase-producing strains, which had not been previously studied, were isolated. Four fungal strains with phytic acid, assimilation activities were isolated. They were found to produce phytase in the culture supernatants and phylogenetic analysis identified three strains as basidiomycetous yeasts (Saitozyma, Leucosporidium, and Malassezia) and one strain as an ascomycetous fungus (Chaetocapnodium). The optimal pH for phytase activity of the strains was 6.0–7.0, suggesting that they are suitable for industrial applications as feed supplements or fertilizer additives for farmland.
英語英文法演習 : English for all

Language Arts involves speaking, listening, writing and reading. During this unit all of these skills were developed with different activities and to finish the unit the sixth grade teachers have planned a fun Language Arts Project, which includes all of the skills just mentioned. The project begins on Friday, May 17th and is due on Wednesday, May 22nd (It will be divided in different parts and it will be worked at school.)