Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study Optical Properties of PVP Films Doped with Nanoparticles Ag by Using Nd:YAG Laser

The doped PVP with nanoparticle silver metal using Nd:YAG laser ablation solute in ethanol. The spin-coating techniques with concentrations (0,3,5,7,9,11wt%) are achieved by (20 ml ) ethanol using magnetic stirrer The solution doped with (1ml) of collide nanosilver particle. An increment of UV-Vis absorption has produced maximum peak absorbance spectra at about 0.7 to 0.85 values with a high shifting after doping with nanoparticle silver. The indirect Egopt of pure and doped PVP films were found to be decreased about 2.56,2.54,2.52. 2.50,2.47eV, and 4.18,4.14,4.15,4.16,4.12,4.17 eV for indirect allowed transitions as increase concentration respectively, whereas the indirect forbidden band gaps were determined as 2.73, 2.67, 2.66, 2.65, 2.63 eV and 4.175,4.18,4.15,4.158,4.1,4.165 eV with increase concentration after doping respectively. The prepared samples appeared near band edge peak absorption at about 350 nm.
Quantum capacitance measurements of single-layer molybdenum disulfide

Through this thesis, heterostructures composed of a thin layer of hexagonal boron nitride atop a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide were fabricated with the goal of measuring quantum capacitance and probing the transition metal dichalcogenide's densityof states. In the final devices, no modulation of the quantum-capacitance was observed due to large Schottky barriers between the metal contacts and the molybdenum disulfide. Lessons learned from this investigation inform improved fabrication and measurement techniques for future iterations of these fascinating devices. Thesis Supervisor: Raymond Ashoori Title: Professor
Finding the face in the crowd : An anger superiority effect

Facial gestures have been given an increasingly critical role in models of emotion. The biological significance of interindividual transmission of emotional signals is a pivotal assumption for placing the face in a central position in these models. This assumption invited a logical corollary, examined in this article: Face-processing should be highly efficient. Three experiments documented an asymmetry in the processing of emotionally discrepant faces embedded in crowds. The results suggested that threatening faces pop out of crowds, perhaps as a result of a preattentive, parallel search for signals of direct threat.
A catalogue of Clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase, β-glucosidase and xylanase genes cloned in Escherichia coli

Two independent collections of clones containing Clostridium thermocellum genes involved in cellulose have been previously obtained at IAPGR, Cambridge, and at the Pasteur Institute, Paris. The two collections were compared for cross-hybridization, restriction maps and enzyme phenotypes. Truly distinct genes were one β-glucosidase gene, two xylanase genes, and fifteen endogluconase genes. Two of the cloned fragments contained extraneous DNA which was absent from their respective counterparts isolated in the other collection. The dicrepancies resulted from in vivo rearrangements which had occurred in either of the C. thermocellum NCIB 10682 stocks used to generate the two gene banks.
Actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora in vitro de una loción y gel elaborados con extracto estabilizado de camu camu (Myrciaria dubia, Kunth)

In this research was to evaluated the antioxidant and photoprotective capacity of a lotion and a gel made ​​with stabilized extract of the fruits of camu camu (Myrciaria dubia Kunth). Quality controls physicochemical, microbiological and stability to normal and accelerated conditions were performed, which allowed to develop initial parameters sunscreens extract of camu camu. Antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS method, values ​​of 876.729 umol Trolox/g camu camu for gel and 1389.650 umol Trolox/g camu camu for lotion was determined (DPPH method) and values ​​of 15.330 mmol Trolox/g camu camu for gel and 23.384 mmol Trolox/g Recibido el 25-02-2014 Aprobado el 0303-2014
Electrochemical Reduction of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Aprotic and pH-Buffered Media

As an intermediate in industrial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) production, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) is one of the most prevalent impurities in TNT. Its high volatility as compared to TNT makes DNT a telltale sign of TNT explosives, and the electroactivity of its nitro groups lends itself to electrochemical detection as a particularly promising route for DNT sensing. In this work, the electrochemical reduction mechanism of DNT was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. In anhydrous solvents and in the absence of another source of protons, DNT exhibits two well resolved one-electron transfers. The radical anion formed by reduction of DNT is shown to be sufficiently basic to deprotonate the weakly acidic methyl group of still unreacted DNT, giving rise to an intense blue color. In contrast, in the presence of a pH buffer, DNT is readily reduced in acetonitrile to 2,4-bis(N-hydroxylamino)toluene by an irreversible transfer of eight protons and eight electrons. Density functional calculations suggest that the pathw.
Organometallic Donor−Acceptor Conjugated Polymer Semiconductors: Tunable Optical, Electrochemical, Charge Transport, and Photovoltaic Properties

A series of 11 organometallic conjugated polymer semiconductors bearing a platinum (Pt) center have been synthesized and their electronic band structures, field-effect charge transport, and use in bulk heterojunction solar cells were evaluated. The Pt-bridged donor−acceptor conjugated poly(aryleneethynylene)s were synthesized by Sonogashira-type polycondensation and are exemplified by poly[4-(5′-trans-bis(tributylphosphine)platinum ethynyl-thiophen-2′-yl)-7-(5′′-ethynyl-thiophen-2′′-yl)-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole] (BT-BTPt), poly[5-(5′-trans-bis(tributylphosphine)platinum ethynyl-thiophen-2′-yl)-8-(5′′-ethynyl-thiophen-2′′-yl)-2,3-diheptyl-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine] (HPP-BTPt), and poly[5-(5′-trans-bis(tributylphosphine)platinum ethynyl-thiophen-2′-yl)-7-(5′′-ethynyl-thiophen-2′′-yl)-thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine] (TP-BTPt). The Pt-bridged polymers had reversible electrochemical reduction waves from which electron affinities were found to be 2.95 to 3.28 eV. From the onset oxidation potentials of the polymers, we simila.
The chemistry of biogenic hydrocarbons at a rural site in

An intensive field study was undertaken in southern Nova Scotia, on the east coast of Canada, for several weeks during the summer of 1996 as part of the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone - Canada East ( NARSTO-CE ) 1996 field measurement campaign. Clean air conditions prevailed during most of the study period, which allowed an examination of biogenic hydrocarbon chemistry with minimal influence from anthropogenic pollutants. Low NO x mixing ratios during the study had an impact on the ratio of isoprene's oxidation products methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) to isoprene. The effects include changes to the fate of isoprene peroxy radicals and to the concentration of OH compared to conditions of higher [NO x ]. Comparison to other studies indicate that there is a relationship between the ratio (MVK+MACR)/isoprene and the mixing ratio of NO x . Biogenic hydrocarbons were the dominant reactive volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors to ozone production in this region, although the net ozone production rate predicted by a box-model simulation of the measurement data was only < 1 ppbv h -1 . The evidence confirms that ozone production at this site is very NO x -sensitive. Model simulations indicated that the ozonolysis of biogenic hydrocarbons is an important source of the hydroxyl radical at this site and that OH was, in fact, the dominant oxidant during the nighttime under the observed low NO x conditions. Although the OH source did affect the nighttime mixing ratios of biogenic hydrocarbons, it could not fully explain the rapid nocturnal decay of isoprene observed on most evenings.
Application of gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and olfactometry for quality assessment of selected food products

The volatile compounds in spirits and honeys were d etermined by headspace solid-phase microextraction as sample preparation technique and g s chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS ) and olfactometry (O) detection. Identification of s pirits and honey volatiles was made by comparison m ass spectra with data in NIST Mass Spectral Database. A dditionally, flavour compounds detected by sensorypanel were registered in the form of olfactograms b y fingerspan method. Analysis of raw spirits indica ted the presence of over 200 compounds, of which a signific ant number were identified (including esters, highe r alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, as well as furanes, s ulphur compounds, terpenoids and benzene derivative s). Among them over 50 were identified whose presence o r high content can decrease the quality of distilla tes. In the result of performed analysis of honeys, 163 vol atile and semi-volatile compounds were identified ( aliphatic and aromatic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols an d phenols, terpenoids, furane and pyrane derivative s). In the midst of them markers of each type of honeys we re indicated. Formed determinant lists can be usefu l for distinguish and quality control (for example findin g adulterations) of Polish honeys. Besides, applica tion of GC-MS technique coupled with olfactometry make poss ible creating aroma profiles of investigated honeys . Employed techniques were characterized by high sens itivity and repeatability, furthermore they are les s timeconsuming.
Large variability in ecosystem models explains uncertainty in a critical parameter for quantifying GPP with carbonyl sulphide

Regional gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates are crucial to estimating carbon-climate feedbacks but are highly uncertain with existing methods. An emerging approach uses atmospheric carbonyl sulphide (COS) as a tracer for carbon dioxide: COS plant uptake is simulated by scaling GPP. A critical parameter for this method is leaf-scale relative uptake (LRU). Plant chamber and eddy covariance studies find a narrow range of LRU values but some atmospheric modelling studies assign values well outside this range. Here we study this discrepancy by conducting new regional chemical transport simulations for North America using the underlying data from previous studies. We find the wide range of ecosystem model GPP estimates can explain the discrepancy in LRU values. We also find that COS concentration uncertainty is more sensitive to GPP uncertainty than to LRU parameter uncertainty. These results support the COS tracer technique as a useful approach for constraining GPP estimates.
DISSECTION DU MÉCANISME DE TERMINAISON/ANTITERMINAISON AU NIVEAU DU TERMINATEUR TRI DU PHAGE LAMBDA : APPLICATION A L'ÉTUDE DES COMPLEXES ARN-PROTÉINE IN VIVO

Chez Escherichia coli la terminaison de la transcription peut intervenir selon deux mecanismes distincts : tout d'abord la terminaison intrinseque qui correspond a une sequence ADN, codant pour une structure en tige boucle riche en GC suivie d'une repetition d'uridine sur l'ARN, induisant le relargage de l'ARN polymerase. Le second mecanisme est gouverne par un facteur de terminaison nomme Rho qui gouverne environ 50 % des evenements de terminaison chez E. coli. Au cours de ma these, je me suis interesse a ce deuxieme mecanisme, et plus particulierement a sa regulation in vivo (antiterminaison). Rho, sous la forme d'un anneau hexamerique, se fixe a l'ARN naissant au niveau d'un site d'entree (egalement appele RUT), puis utilise son activite ATPase pour longer l'ARN et dissocier le complexe ternaire d'elongation stoppe au niveau d'un site de pause. Les terminateurs Rho-dependants sont assez mal definis et peu d'entre eux on ete analyses en detail. Le terminateur du tR1 du phage lambda (λ) est le terminateur Rho-dependant le plus etudie a la fois in vitro et in vivo. La terminaison Rho-dependante au niveau de ce terminateur est gouvernee principalement par les sequences localisees en 5', codant deux regions du transcript nommees RUTA et RUTB. Ces deux regions sont separees par le motif ARN BOXB qui n'est pas indispensable a l'action de Rho mais sert, dans le mecanisme d'antiterminaison, de site de fixation pour la proteine N du paghe λ. Grâce a un systeme minimal d'etude in vivo, nous avons montre que le motif BOXB possede une fonction double dans les mecanismes de terminaiso/antiterminaison au niveau de λtR1 regulant l'expression temporale du genome du phage λ. Sous la forme d'une tige boucle hautement structuree, BOXB agit comme un lien permettant de placer RUTA et RUTB l'un a cote de l'autre pour une interaction optimale avec Rho et une terminaison efficace. A l'inverse, la fixation de la proteine N sur BOXB induit l'antiterminaison au niveau de λtR1 en empechant l'acces de Rho a l'ARN. Ce double role a ete demontre in vivo en substituant au couple N/BOXB la « coat protein » du phage MS2 et son motif cible en tige boucle. En complement de ce travail, j'ai utilise cette faculte d'un complexe ribonucleoproteique de bloquer la terminaison Rho-dependante, pour developper une nouvelle approche d'etude in vivo, des complexe ARN-proteine.
The evolution of instabilities in the axisymmetric jet. I - The linear growth of disturbances near the nozzle. II - The flow resulting from the interaction between two waves

The modal distributions of coherent structures evolving near the nozzle of a circular jet are considered. The effects produced on the instability modes by transverse curvature, flow divergence, inhomogeneous inflow conditions, and the detailed shape of the mean velocity profile, are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Linear stability analysis applied to a thin shear layer surrounding a large-diameter jet (i.e. a jet whose diameter is large in comparison with a typical width of the shear layer) indicates that many azimuthal modes are equally unstable. An increase in the relative thickness of the shear layer limits the number of unstable modes, and only one helical mode remains unstable at the end of the potential core. The linear model used as a transfer function is capable of predicting the spectral distribution of the velocity perturbations in a jet. This provides a rational explanation for the stepwise behaviour of the predominant frequency resulting from a continuous increase in the jet velocity.
Single Tree Segmentation and Diameter at Breast Height Estimation With Mobile LiDAR

The tree diameter at breast height (DBH) is one of the most important variables for monitoring the forest ecology. Mobile laser scanning (MLS), which has been widely applied in the forestry field, makes DBH measurement fast and convenient. However, there are many shrubs and deadwood in the neutral forest environment and the point clouds quality from MLS are easily affected by the environment which results in low single tree segmentation and DBH estimation accuracy. To improve the accuracy in a complex forest environment and low point cloud quality, we propose a relative density segmentation method for the single tree segmentation and DBH estimation method based on multi-height diameters for the DBH estimation. The relative density segmentation method calculates the relative density according to the ratio of density in two different scales, and segments the tree trunks by the higher relative density of trunk point clouds compared with their surroundings points. In the natural forest plot, the precision and recall of the proposed segmentation method reached 0.966 and 0.946, respectively; In the urban forest plot, the precision and recall reached 1 and 0.966, respectively. The proposed DBH estimation method was used to estimate the DBH of trees using multi-height diameters. The multi-height diameters combined with the outlier detection algorithm were able to improve the accuracy and robustness when the trunk point clouds have large noise. For the DBH estimation results, the mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were 2.5 cm, 11.54%, and 3.17 cm, respectively, in the natural forest plot and 1.65 cm, 6.31%, and 1.97 cm, respectively, in the urban forest plot. The good experiment results indicate that the proposed method can achieve accurate and robust DBH extraction and provide fundamental data for supervision and sustainable development of forest resources.
A 5800 μm² Process Monitor Circuit for Measurement of in-Die Variation of Vth in 65nm

A compact 5800 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> process monitor circuit is demonstrated which can measure multiple threshold voltages (V<sub>th</sub>) locally on a die. An accurate, process/voltage/temperature-independent current source is provided to measure V<sub>th</sub> using the constant current method to an accuracy of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma =3.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mV. The output is digitized by a sigma-delta modulator with a conversion time of 2ms. The circuit enables efficient and compact in-die variation monitoring of the key process parameters and is thus useful for the high-volume characterization of integrated circuit products. The circuit contains its own reference voltage, and thus can be used for calibration during testing or in the field.
Migration du deutérium dans le graphite nucléaire : conséquences sur le comportement du tritium en réacteur UNGG et sur la décontamination des graphites irradiés

En France, 23 000 tonnes de graphites irradies generes par le demantelement des reacteurs nucleaires de premiere generation Uranium Naturel-Graphite-Gaz (UNGG) sont en attente d'une solution de gestion a long terme. Cette these porte sur le comportement du tritium, l'un des principaux contributeurs a l'inventaire radiologique des graphites a l'arret des reacteurs. Afin d'anticiper des rejets de tritium lors du demantelement ou de la gestion des dechets, il est indispensable d'obtenir des donnees sur sa migration, sa localisation et son inventaire. Notre etude repose sur la simulation du tritium par implantation de l'ordre de 3 % at. de deuterium jusqu'a environ 3 μm dans un graphite nucleaire vierge. Celui-ci a ensuite subi des recuits jusqu'a 300 h et 1300 ° C sous atmosphere inerte, gaz caloporteur UNGG et gaz humide, dans le but de reproduire des conditions proches de celles rencontrees en reacteur et lors des operations de gestion des dechets. Les profils et la repartition spatiale du deuterium ont ete analyses via la reaction nucleaire 2H(3He,p)4He. Les principaux resultats montrent un relâchement thermique du deuterium se produisant selon trois regimes controles par le depiegeage de sites superficiels ou interstitiels. L'extrapolation des donnees au cas du tritium tend a montrer que son relâchement thermique en reacteur pourrait avoir ete inferieur a 30 % et localise a proximite des surfaces libres du graphite. L'essentiel de l'inventaire en tritium a l'arret des reacteurs serait retenu en profondeur dans les graphites irradies, dont la decontamination necessiterait alors des temperatures superieures a 1300 °C, et serait plus efficace sous gaz inerte que sous gaz humide
Distributed Optimization Using Reduced Network Equivalents for Radial Power Distribution Systems

The limitations of centralized optimization methods for power systems operation have led to the distributed computing paradigm, particularly in power distribution systems. The existing techniques reported in recent literature for solving distributed optimization problems are not viable for power distribution systems applications. The essential drawback remains a large number of required communication rounds, i.e., macro-iterations among the computing agents to solve one instance of the optimization problem; the typical number of macro-iterations are in the order of $10^2\sim 10^3$. In this paper, a new and scalable distributed optimization method based on Equivalent Network Approximation (ENApp) is proposed to solve optimal power flow (OPF) for a balanced radial distribution system. Specifically, the distribution system's radial topology is leveraged to reduce the decomposed systems into upstream and downstream network equivalents. The proposed innovations reduce the required number of macro-iterations/communication-rounds for convergence by order of magnitude. The approach is validated using IEEE 123-bus and IEEE 8500-node test systems and is shown to converge to the same optimal solution as obtained using an equivalent centralized OPF (C-OPF) model.
Participação do cão no ciclo de transmissão da Leishmaniose tegumentar no município de Viana, Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil

In an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the viana municipality, Espirito Santo state, an investigation was performed on natural hosts of leishmania among domestic animals, trying to correlate the presence of infected animals with the occurrence of the disease in humans. Within a three weeks period 186 dogs were examined and 32 (17,2%) were found infected.Eleven new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded during one year, among people living in the endemic area. A close relationship was between the presence of infected dogs and the occurrence of human leishmaniasis. In the area studied, the disease seems to behave as a zoonosis maintained by domestic dogs.
A Comparison of Natural Language Understanding Platforms for Chatbots in Software Engineering

Chatbots are envisioned to dramatically change the future of Software Engineering, allowing practitioners to chat and inquire about their software projects and interact with different services using natural language. At the heart of every chatbot is a Natural Language Understanding (NLU) component that enables the chatbot to understand natural language input. Recently, many NLU platforms were provided to serve as an off-the-shelf NLU component for chatbots, however, selecting the best NLU for Software Engineering chatbots remains an open challenge. Therefore, in this paper, we evaluate four of the most commonly used NLUs, namely IBM Watson, Google Dialogflow, Rasa, and Microsoft LUIS to shed light on which NLU should be used in Software Engineering based chatbots. Specifically, we examine the NLUs’ performance in classifying intents, confidence scores stability, and extracting entities. To evaluate the NLUs, we use two datasets that reflect two common tasks performed by Software Engineering practitioners, 1) the task of chatting with the chatbot to ask questions about software repositories 2) the task of asking development questions on Q&A forums (e.g., Stack Overflow). According to our findings, IBM Watson is the best performing NLU when considering the three aspects (intents classification, confidence scores, and entity extraction). However, the results from each individual aspect show that, in intents classification, IBM Watson performs the best with an F1-measure$>$>84%, but in confidence scores, Rasa comes on top with a median confidence score higher than 0.91. Our results also show that all NLUs, except for Dialogflow, generally provide trustable confidence scores. For entity extraction, Microsoft LUIS and IBM Watson outperform other NLUs in the two SE tasks. Our results provide guidance to software engineering practitioners when deciding which NLU to use in their chatbots.