Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for Overpressure Development in Marine Sediments

Overpressure is widely developed in marine sediments; it is not only a critical factor related to hydrocarbon accumulation, but also a serious safety issue for oil/gas exploration and exploitation. Although the mechanisms for overpressure development in sedimentary basins have been intensively studied, some new mechanisms are proposed for overpressure development with the advancements in marine geological investigation, e.g., natural gas hydrate formation and microbial activity. In this study, the mechanisms for overpressure development are reviewed and further classified as being related to associated physical, chemical, and biological processes. The physical overpressure mechanisms include disequilibrium compaction, hydrate formation sealing, degasification, buoyancy, hydrothermal pressuring, tectonic movement, overpressure transfer, etc. The chemical overpressure mechanisms are ascribed to hydrate decomposition, diagenesis, hydrocarbon generation, etc. The biological overpressure mechanisms are mainly induced by microbial gas production and microbial plugging. In gas hydrate-bearing sediments, overpressure is a critical factor affecting the formation and distribution of gas hydrate. The mechanisms for overpressure development in marine gas hydrate systems are associated with permeability deterioration due to hydrate formation and free gas accumulation below bottom-simulating reflectors (BSR). In marine sediments, overpressure developments are generally related to a sediment layer of low permeability above and natural gas accumulation below, and overpressure is mainly developed below a sulphate–methane interface (SMI), because methane will be consumed by anaerobic oxidation above SMI.
Preferences for Hotels with Biophilic Design Attributes in the Post-COVID-19 Era

Since the COVID-19 crisis has caused the cancellation of a great number of travel plans in the last two years, this study examines the prospects of the post-COVID-19 era, during which we expect tourism will return strongly. The impact of the epidemic on people’s attitudes toward tourism, particularly their tourist choices, appears to be a major challenge for post-COVID-19 international tourism development. Very little is known about tourists’ accommodation preferences during the period emerging after the COVID-19 crisis. With a long and challenging experience of lockdowns, stress, and fear of disease, the current study attempts to examine peoples’ preferences for hotel attributes during the post-COVID-19 era. It examines factors contributing to peoples’ preferences for hotels with biophilic attributes. A total of 507 Iranian undergraduate and graduate students participated in the study. They answered questions on their perceived stress, level of depression, the specific burden of COVID-19, the perceived benefits of nature, and their preferences for biophilic design attributes in their accommodation. The online survey was conducted from August to October 2021. We found that the burden of COVID-19 increased the stress level of the respondents, which consequently increased the chance of depression. We further found that perceived stress and the benefits of nature significantly affect tourists’ preferences for exposure to nature and hotels with biophilic attributes. Based on the data, we suggest that the demand for biophilic buildings will be strongly increased during the post-COVID-19 era.
The effects of extending the school day in Latin America: a literature review

A literature review is presented on the effects of school day extension programs implemented in various Latin American countries. According to their objects of interest, the studies are grouped into four types of impacts: a) school performance, b) academic and career paths, c) labor, and d) school organization and culture. A predominance of quantitative evaluations that analyzed the results in Mathematics and Language were identified, thus it was considered pertinent to broaden the knowledge search proposed from the programs. Other studies identified positive impacts on students' trajectories and their household economy; however, these results still need to be strengthened through similar studies in other contexts, which also inquire about the factors that explain these causes. Lastly, future studies should consider the particularities of each program in the search for their effects.
Application of Optical Frequency Comb in High-Capacity Long Distance Optical Communication for China-Pakistan Economic Corridor

Abstract The current study examines the fiber optic connectivity from Chinese boundary to Rawalpindi and proposes a novel technique for carrying large capacity triple play services across China Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC). With the help of this technique, various wavelength data services can be extended to Pakistan, which can decrease the low bandwidth, poor connectivity and low speed problems of data transfer in Pakistan. This study contributes toward the existing literature in a way that this novel technique of data transmission not only relaxes the laying of fiber optic cable but also reduces the total cost of the project. The proposed technique proposes the deployment of optical frequency comb technique for 820 km CPEC route which could support 4 Tbps data. From the perspective of time energy consumption, the assessment suggests that the laying of fiber optic cable in CPEC is feasible with the existing route at the lowest cost between the two sovereign countries.
Campylobacter Species in Poultry: Virulence Attributes, Pathogenesis, Epidemiological Typing and Zoonotic Importance

Campylobacter species (spp.) are Gram-negative, curved, S-shaped, non-spore forming and motile rods with a single polar flagellum. They represent the most common causes of human foodborne gastroenteritis. Campylobacter colonizes the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of a wide variety of domestic and wild animals, particularly chickens, turkeys and pigs, which are considered the main reservoirs of this bacterium. Campylobacter is transmitted to human, mainly through ingestion of contaminated poultry meat, unpasteurized milk and polluted water, causing severe abdominal pain, fever, fatigue and diarrhea. Nevertheless, little knowledge about the biology and pathogenicity of Campylobacter spp. is known rather than other predominant pathogens. Therefore, we reviewed the biology of the bacterium, its survival, growth characters and the factors related to its pathogenicity and the mechanisms by which the diseases are happened in the view of the available literatures. Furthermore, we illustrated several techniques used for Campylobacter spp. epidemiological classification.
Analysis on Mitigation of Intelli-drive Communication Congestion: Broadcasted Signal Phase in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Safety Features Using DSRC IEEE 802.11p Standard

This study explores functionalities of the Dedicated Short Range Communication architecture, and provides V2V safety information systems which provide warnings on crash avoidance. An application (DSRC) of traffic safety is tested for congesting. This study is based on Short Range Communication (DSRC) standard, which has become an emerging vehicular safety application. A MAT-LAB simulation experiment is performed using wireless spectrum, layering of routing protocols to determine the ability to mitigate vehicle to vehicle communication congestion within Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) signal phase communications. The objective was to have a support transition from a prototype-level to a deployment-level system.
Assessment of land sustainability in different regions of the Nile Delta, Egypt, using GIS and remote sensing techniques

The aim of the study was to assess the sustainability of the soils in some regions of the Nile Delta through five parameters (productivity, security, protection, economic viability and social acceptability). The area, lies between latitudes 31° 36' 50.2′′ and 30° 34' 35.4′′ N and longitudes 30° 21' 59.5′′ and 32° 18' 15.8′′ E, and occupies 9994.55 km (999455.83 ha). The landscapes were Flood plain, Aeolian plain and Lacustrine deposits. Thirty soil profiles were dug and an sustainability Land Management Index SLMI model was designed using the spatial geoprocessing tool of ArcGIS (program of producing soil maps) by integration biophysical, socioeconomic and environmental factors for soils of each map. Three SLMI classes were outlined:1: (Class II) representing 54.42% (544187.17 ha) of the total area; it is found in units decantation basins (DB), overflow basins (OB), overflow mantles (OM), high river terraces (RT1) and moderate river terraces (RT2); 2: (Class III) covering 12.86% (128595.43 ha) of the total area, it is found in unit low river terraces (RT3) and relatively high clay (CF1) and 3: (Class IV) did not meet sustainability and found in units sand sheets (SS), relatively low clay (CF2) and wet sabkha (WS), with a total area of 157330.47 ha (15.72% of the total area).
Spicy and Aromatic Plants for Meat and Meat Analogues Applications

Aromatic and spicy plants are an important factor that contributes not only to improving the taste of meat, meat products, and meat analogues, but also to increasing the nutritional value of the products to which they are added. The aim of this paper is to present the latest information on the bioactive antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the most commonly used herbs and spices (parsley, dill, basil, oregano, sage, coriander, rosemary, marjoram, tarragon, bay, thyme, and mint) used in the meat and meat analogues industry, or proposed to be used for meat analogues.
P-glycoprotein gene expression analysis of ivermectin resistance in sheep naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus

The upregulation of P-glycoprotein genes in Haemonchus contortus suspected of ivermectin resistance (IVM-Res) was studied in sheep farms. A faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to evaluate IVM-Res on four farms (from A to D). Faecal samples positive to gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) were used to identify infective larval stages (L3) pre- and post-IVM treatment by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test. Ten P-glycoprotein (pgp) genes were analysed to estimate the over expression level in H. contortus L3. Genes were quantified using the Retro Transcription–real time PCR technique. FECRT indicated low IVM efficacy on the four farms from zero to 33% of eggs per gram and Haemonchus, Cooperia and Trichostrongylus were the GINs identified after IVM treatment. H. contortus isolates displayed different pgp gene upregulation levels (p < 0.05): pgp4 from 19.03 to 25.96-fold on four farms; 3 and 16 pgp from 32.19 to 134.21-fold on three farms; 1, 2 and 12 pgp from 7.14 to 56.43-fold on two farms; 10 and 11 pgp from 6.82 to 32.86-fold on one farm. In conclusion, the examination of FECRT showed low IVM efficacy against GINs. Additionally, pgp3, 4 and 16 were the most frequent genes involved in sheep farms with IVM-Res problems in relation to IVM resistant H. contortus.
Antiviral Effects of ABMA and DABMA against Influenza Virus In Vitro and In Vivo via Regulating the Endolysosomal Pathway and Autophagy

Influenza virus is an acute and highly contagious respiratory pathogen that causes great concern to public health and for which there is a need for extensive drug discovery. The small chemical compound ABMA and its analog DABMA, containing an adamantane or a dimethyl-adamantane group, respectively, have been demonstrated to inhibit multiple toxins (diphtheria toxin, Clostridium difficile toxin B, Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin) and viruses (Ebola, rabies virus, HSV-2) by acting on the host’s vesicle trafficking. Here, we showed that ABMA and DABMA have antiviral effects against both amantadine-sensitive influenza virus subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2), amantadine-resistant subtypes (H3N2), and influenza B virus with EC50 values ranging from 2.83 to 7.36 µM (ABMA) and 1.82 to 6.73 µM (DABMA), respectively. ABMA and DABMA inhibited the replication of influenza virus genomic RNA and protein synthesis by interfering with the entry stage of the virus. Molecular docking evaluation together with activity against amantadine-resistant influenza virus strains suggested that ABMA and DABMA were not acting as M2 ion channel blockers. Subsequently, we found that early internalized H1N1 virions were retained in accumulated late endosome compartments after ABMA treatment. Additionally, ABMA disrupted the early stages of the H1N1 life cycle or viral RNA synthesis by interfering with autophagy. ABMA and DABMA protected mice from an intranasal H1N1 challenge with an improved survival rate of 67%. The present study suggests that ABMA and DABMA are potential antiviral leads for the development of a host-directed treatment against influenza virus infection.
The Role of Walking in the Relationship between Catastrophizing and Fatigue in Women with Fibromyalgia

Walking is one of the most beneficial treatments for fibromyalgia patients. However, adherence to walking behavior is low due to the initially associated symptoms (including pain and fatigue). Although the association of catastrophism with greater symptoms is known, the results regarding fatigue have not always been consistent. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether the association between catastrophism and fatigue could, in turn, be conditioned by whether the patients walk or not. Therefore, our goal was to explore the moderating effect of walking on the association between catastrophizing and fatigue in patients with fibromyalgia. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 203 women with fibromyalgia. We used the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory to assess fatigue and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale to assess pain catastrophizing (differentiating between its three dimensions). An ad hoc item was used to evaluate walking (moderator). Lower scores for fatigue and pain catastrophizing were found among patients who walked versus those who did not. Walking moderated the relationship between rumination and fatigue (Beta = 0.16, t = 1.96, p = 0.049) and between magnification and fatigue (Beta = 0.22, t = 21.83, p = 0.047). Helplessness showed no direct or interaction effect for fatigue. Nevertheless, higher rumination and magnification were associated with higher fatigue only in patients who walked. Therefore, to promote adherence to walking and reduce the effects of catastrophizing on fatigue, it seems necessary to manage rumination and magnification among patients who walk.
EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF CASE TOOLS

Today’s Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) technology covers nearly all activities in software development ranging from requirement analysis to deployment. Organizations are evaluating CASE tool solutions to automate or ease their processes. While reducing human errors, these tools also increase control, visibility and auditability. However, to achieve these benefits, it is critical to select the right tool or tools. This is not an easy task when the vast number of tools in the market is considered. Failure to select the right tool may impede project’s progress besides causing economic loss. In this book, a unique methodology is proposed for CASE tool evaluation and selection which covers all the aspects of the process end to end while offering guidance for each step. Some new approaches are proposed in combination with the mostly used methods in the software selection area. Moreover, the proposed methodology is performed on a case study to further illustrate the details of application. This work should help software practitioners who are or will be in the process of CASE tool evaluation to select the right solution for their specific conditions and requirements.
Aerial Robotics for Inspection and Maintenance: Special Issue Editorial

The significant advances in last decade in the research and technology of multi-rotor design, modeling and control, supported by the increasing variety of commercially available platforms, components and manufacturers, have facilitated a rise in the novel applications of aerial robots, capable of not only perceiving, but also interacting with the environment, allowing the realization of diverse operations and tasks in areas and workspaces that are difficult to access by human operators or ground vehicles [. ]
1.2 Myr Band of Earth‐Mars Obliquity Modulation on the Evolution of Cold Late Miocene to Warm Early Pliocene Climate

The climatic transitions during the Miocene‐Pliocene epochs had significant impacts on the worldwide biological diversity and were associated with large turnovers of continental vegetation and fauna. Previous studies have shown that late Miocene cooling and continental aridification which was initiated 7 Ma reversed to warm conditions across the Miocene‐Pliocene Boundary ∼5.3 Ma. Here, we present detailed orbital pacing of Asian monsoon deposits to constrain further the global climate change during this period. We produce high‐resolution magnetic susceptibility records which reveal that the 1.2 Myr obliquity modulation would have been the main driving factor of the cooling and warming that occurred ∼7 and 5.3 Ma, respectively. The Tibetan rise and closures of the Panama and Indonesian seaways enhanced the impact of the 405 Kyr eccentricity cycles to an oscillatory climatic state while the Northern Hemisphere glaciations were increasing from 4 to 2.5 Ma.
Using Delay Logs and Machine Learning to Support Passenger Railway Operations

Passenger railways face reliability challenges resulting from shared track with other trains, limited infrastructure capacity, and rolling stock and trackway that is subject to major failures during service. Dispatchers may have limited contextual information when responding to an emerging delay, and often rely on their own experience to manage an incident. This study leverages various aspects of delay logs—a common set of data collected during railway operations—to arm dispatchers with an understanding of delays, provide contextual information about previous delays that are similar to an emerging event, and make predictions about the size of a delay based on emerging information. Using graph theory, short-text topic modeling, cosine similarity, and machine learning regression models, we demonstrate that agencies can leverage this single data source for insight and operational support. To showcase the potential insights gained by these methods, we apply them to delay log data from the GO Rail network in the Greater Golden Horseshoe area of Ontario, Canada. We find that elastic net and random forest regression models outperform naive models that may be tacitly used in practice today.
The Characterization of the Phloem Protein 2 Gene Family Associated with Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napus

In plants, phloem is not only a vital structure that is used for nutrient transportation, but it is also the location of a response that defends against various stresses, named phloem-based defense (PBD). Phloem proteins (PP2s) are among the predominant proteins in phloem, indicating their potential functional role in PBD. Sclerotinia disease (SD), which is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen S. sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), is a devastating disease that affects oil crops, especially Brassica napus (B. napus), mainly by blocking nutrition and water transportation through xylem and phloem. Presently, the role of PP2s in SD resistance is still largely estimated. Therefore, in this study, we identified 62 members of the PP2 gene family in the B. napus genome with an uneven distribution across the 19 chromosomes. A phylogenetic analysis classified the BnPP2s into four clusters (I–IV), with cluster I containing the most members (28 genes) as a consequence of its frequent genome segmental duplication. A comparison of the gene structures and conserved motifs suggested that BnPP2 genes were well conserved in clusters II to IV, but were variable in cluster I. Interestingly, the motifs in different clusters displayed unique features, such as motif 6 specifically existing in cluster III and motif 1 being excluded from cluster IV. These results indicated the possible functional specification of BnPP2s. A transcriptome data analysis showed that the genes in clusters II to IV exhibited dynamic expression alternation in tissues and the stimulation of S. sclerotiorum, suggesting that they could participate in SD resistance. A GWAS analysis of a rapeseed population comprising 324 accessions identified four BnPP2 genes that were potentially responsible for SD resistance and a transgenic study that was conducted by transiently expressing BnPP2-6 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves validated their positive role in regulating SD resistance in terms of reduced lesion size after inoculation with S. sclerotiorum hyphal plugs. This study provides useful information on PP2 gene functions in B. napus and could aid elaborated functional studies on the PP2 gene family.
Determinants of Post-harvest Losses of Pineapple: A Farm-level Study in Moulvibazar District, Bangladesh

Aims: Post-harvest losses are acknowledged as one of the major reasons for fresh grain production, especially fruit production in most developing countries. Thus, the present study is highlighted the perishable nature of the food and inefficient post-harvest management are one of the key reasons for fruit (pineapple) losses in the Moulvibazar district. Study Design: This article is about determinants of post-harvest losses study and is placed on empirical analysis. It was carried out to find out what factors influence pineapple post-harvest losses at the farm level. Place and Duration of Study: Sreemangal, Barlekha, Kulaura, Juri, and Rajnagar Upazilas were purposively chosen for this study because they represent the five most important pineapple producing locations in the Moulvibazar district. The study period was the harvesting season of pineapple from April to June 2019. Methodology: Structured questionnaires were used to collect relevant information during face-to-face interviews with 320 pineapple farmers who were chosen using simple random sampling. Then the data were examined using descriptive and inferential statistics such as chi-square and factor analysis. Results: The descriptive analysis shows that, based on the ranking of percentage, all pineapple farmers (100%) were engaged in the marketing of pineapple in order to reduce losses by exploring both direct and indirect means to sell their produce. This means that in order to avoid losses, finding a market for pineapples is important. There was a substantial link between the level of education (P=0.049), farm size (P=0.000), farm experience (P=0.021), yield (P=0.000), and post-harvest losses, as per chi-square analysis. Furthermore, according to the findings of the factor analysis, harvesting, grading, sorting, storage, packaging, transportation, and marketing are all aspects that affect post-harvest losses of pineapple at the farm level in the study area. Implementing proper storage and packaging facilities can reduce pineapple farmers' losses and make it easier for them to market their products year-round. Moreover, sorting and grading pineapple increases its price, enabling more effective marketing. Conclusion: It has been shown that the transportation system has a substantial impact on pineapple distribution in the study area. Thus, it is logical to say that the transportation infrastructure should be upgraded in order to reduce pineapple post-harvest losses.