Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Culture And Capability of Organic Farmers ’ Organizations in the Philippines

The entrepreneurial culture of farmers’ organizations of Magsasaka at Siyentipiko Para sa Pagunlad ng Agrikultura (MASIPAG) in the Philippines is a contribution to Organic 3.0. The mechanisms necessary to reinforce an entrepreneurial culture for the Organic farmers’ organizations of MASIPAG are described. Different PGS groups have similar entrepreneurial capabilities yet dissimilar competitive success and organizational cultural dimensions. Much work is needed to develop the entrepreneurial capabilities, we recommend that farmers actively participate in marketing activities within their localities, improve production, and take advantage of expanding markets; farmers’ organizations leaders should encourage members to increase production and entice conventional farmers to transition to Organic production; MASIPAG should act as a support institution by helping farmers design appropriate programs to reinforce good business management.
An operator-splitting Galerkin/SUPG finite element method for population balance equations : stability and convergence

We present a heterogeneous finite element method for the solution of a high-dimensional population balance equation, which depends both the physical and the internal property coordinates. The proposed scheme tackles the two main difficulties in the finite element solution of population balance equation: (i) spatial discretization with the standard finite elements, when the dimension of the equation is more than three, (ii) spurious oscillations in the solution induced by standard Galerkin approximation due to pure advection in the internal property coordinates. The key idea is to split the high-dimensional population balance equation into two low-dimensional equations, and discretize the low-dimensional equations separately. In the proposed splitting scheme, the shape of the physical domain can be arbitrary, and different discretizations can be applied to the low-dimensional equations. In particular, we discretize the physical and internal spaces with the standard Galerkin and Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin (SUPG) finite elements, respectively. The stability and error estimates of the Galerkin/SUPG finite element discretization of the population balance equation are derived. It is shown that a slightly more regularity, i.e. the mixed partial derivatives of the solution has to be bounded, is necessary for the optimal order of convergence. Numerical results are presented to support the analysis.
Simulated Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Continuous Time Stochastic Volatility Models

In this chapter we develop and implement a method for maximum simulated likelihood estimation of the continuous time stochastic volatility model with the constant elasticity of volatility. The approach does not require observations on option prices, nor volatility. To integrate out latent volatility from the joint density of return and volatility, a modified efficient importance sampling technique is used after the continuous time model is approximated using the Euler–Maruyama scheme. The Monte Carlo studies show that the method works well and the empirical applications illustrate usefulness of the method. Empirical results provide strong evidence against the Heston model.
Pupils’ Perceptions of the Teacher’s Changing Role in E-Learning Physics Classroom Instruction

This article explores the pupils’ view of the teacher’s changing role as a result of the implementation of an innovation that involved electronic learning measurement lessons in a developing country, namely Kenya. 118 randomly pupils enrolled in schools that could be visited conveniently in Nakuru district, Kenya were exposed to an electronic learning program (ELP) in physics. The ELP physics module was developed from a physics course dealing with the concept of measurement. The content was based on the Kenya Institute of Education (KIE) approved syllabus for science education, science textbooks and other relevant materials. Part of the investigation was to determine the effect of the ELP physics module on pupils’ perspectives of the teacher’s role during the physics course. The participants were interviewed at random using the Pupils’ Interview Guide (PIG). A selected group of pupils’ own expressions were also analyzed. The results showed that the conceptions of the pupils who were exposed to the e-learning program and those not so exposed differed remarkably. For, the pupils in the experimental condition depended more on their peers and the program while their counterparts in the traditional class were more dependent on the teacher. The study concludes that the use of ELP module to support conventional physics instruction can have substantial advantages over other approaches.
Machine learning for production of Dewey Decimal

Based on Open Source software and existing metadata and content, the National Library of Norway has carried out a series of experiments to study automatic classification of articles based on the Dewey Decimal Classification system. Various platforms and models for machine learning has been used. The results indicate machine learning is a suitable environment for semi-automated or fully automated production of DDC. Furthermore, they show that training of machine learning platforms may be enforced by using artificial documents.
Computations 2 D particle contact-based meshfree method in CDEM and its application in geotechnical problems

Purpose – Continuum-based discrete element method is an explicit numerical method, which is a combination of block discrete element method (DEM) and FEM. When simulating large deformation problems, such as cutting, blasting, water-like material flowing, the distortion of elements will lead to no convergence of the numerical system. To solve the convergence problem, a particle contact-based meshfree method (PCMM) is introduced in. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – PCMM is based on traditional particle DEM, and use particle contacts to generate triangular elements. If three particles are contact with each other, the element will be created. Once elements are created, the macroscopic constitutive law could be introduced in. When large deformation of element occurs, the contact relationship between particles will be changed. Those elements that do not meet the contact condition will be deleted, and new elements that coincide with the relationship will be generated. By the deletion and creation of elements, the convergence problem induced by element distortion will be eliminated. To solve FEM and PCMM coupled problems, a point-edge contact model is introduced in, and normal and tangential springs are adopted to transfer the contact force between particles and blocks. Findings – According to the deletion and recreation of elements based on particle contacts, PCMM could simulate large deformation problems. Some numerical cases (i.e. elastic field testing, uniaxial compression analysis and wave propagation simulation) show the accuracy of PCMM, and others (i.e. soil cutting, contact burst and water-like material flowing) show the rationality of PCMM. Originality/value – In traditional particle DEM, contact relationships are used to calculate contact forces. But in PCMM, contact relationships are adopted to generate elements. Compared to other meshfree methods, in PCMM, the element automatic deletion and recreation technique is used to solve large deformation problems.
THE EFFECT OF CYBERATTACKS ON STOCK RETURNS

The proliferation of information technology has affected all economic sectors, and although the internet has often improved the way business is carried out, it has increased the vulnerability of critical infrastructures to information security breaches. Cybercrime costs more than is often thought. It costs the global economy up to $450 billion every year (direct damage plus post-attack disruption to the normal course of targeted business), a figure higher than the market capitalization of Microsoft Inc. Furthermore, cyber-attacks are becoming more frequent, more complex and bigger. Hamilton Place Strategies reveals that in the last five years, the global median cost of a cyber-attack has increased by nearly 200 percent. From 2013 to 2015, cybercrime global costs quadrupled and it appears that there will be another quadrupling from 2015 to 2019. Juniper research recently predicted that the rapid digitization of consumers’ lives and enterprise records will increase the cost of data breaches to $2.1 trillion globally by 2019. Nevertheless, a
Fusarium head blight resistance and mycotoxin profiles of four Triticum species genotypes

Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance was evaluated for accessions of four Triticum species, including bread wheat (modern and old cultivars), spelt, emmer, and einkorn. Fusarium head infection, Fusarium kernel damage and accumulation of trichothecene toxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol) in grains were analysed. Modern bread wheat cultivars were the most susceptible to head infection, and emmer and einkorn accessions were the most resistant. Kernel damage was the least for emmer and spelt and greatest for bread wheat. No significant differences between the four host species were observed for toxin accumulation. However, the greatest amounts of deoxynivalenol were detected in the grains of modern wheat cultivars and the least in old bread wheat cultivars. The greatest amount of nivalenol was detected in einkorn grains and the least in old bread wheat cultivars. Wide variability of resistance of all types in all four species was observed. Accessions resistant to FHB and toxin accumulation in grains were identified.
Polarization and the Middle Class

There is an increasing literature that discusses how to measure the middle class. Some approaches are based on an arbitrary definition such as income quartiles or the poverty line. Recently, Foster and Wolfson developed a methodology which lacks of arbitrariness that enables us to compare the middle class of two different income distributions. We apply this new tool jointly with a complementary method - relative distribution approach - to household income data in 1994-2004 and 2004-2010, to analyze the evolution of the middle class and polarization in Uruguay. During the Orst period, which is characterized by an increasing income inequality, we find that the middle class declined and income polarization increased. In the second one, where the Uruguayan economy experienced a recovery from the downturn suffered in 2002, we find that the middle class rose and polarization decreased. However, this last result is attenuated when we do not consider the household income imputation because of the new health system implemented in 2008.
Monitoring of current collectors on the railway line

Proper cooperation the current collectors and the overhead line is a pre-requisite for reliable and safe operation of railway transport. Instances of maladjustment and, in some cases, damage to the current collectors, occur between periodic inspections of the rolling stock. In order to detect such anomalies quickly, the test stand was developed, with the aim of monitoring the technical state of the current collectors under operating conditions. The detection procedure is based on the monitoring and analysis of contact wire uplift caused by the pressure of the current collector, as the train passes through the measuring point located on the railway line and is designed with the aim of detecting collectors with incorrect values of a contact force.
Meteorological influences on coastal new particle formation

The meteorological situation at the midlatitude coastal station of Mace Head, Ireland, is described based on observations during the New Particle Formation and Fate in the Coastal Environment (PARFORCE) experiments in September 1998 and June 1999. Micrometeorological sensors were mounted near the shore line on a small mast with a height of 3 m and on a 22 m high tower at about 100 m away from the sea. Turbulent fields of wind speed, air temperature, and water vapor were measured. Parameters such as the friction velocity, drag coefficient, kinematic fluxes of heat and water vapor, and various variances were derived. The influence of meteorological parameters on coastal nucleation events is examined, and it is found that the occurrence of nucleation is, more or less, independent of air mass origin and is primarily driven by the occurrence of exposed shore areas during low tide arid solar radiation. Micrometeorological influences were also examined in terms of promoting particle production events in this environment. A positive correlation was found between kinematic heat flux and particle production probability. In contrast, a strong negative correlation was found between production probability and both kinematic water vapor fluxes and relative humidity. These results indicate that the occurrence of new particle production events in the coastal zone are most probable during conditions when the shore area containing coastal biota has dried out and the biota are exposed directly to the solar radiation flux and increased shore, or surface, temperatures. These conditions correspond to drying and stressing of the biota, which is known to increase the emissions of biogenic vapors. Copyright 2002 by the American Geophysical Union.
The Knowledge Economy, the Kam Methodology and World Bank Operations

This paper highlights the importance of knowledge for long-term economic growth. It presents the concept of the knowledge economy, an economy where knowledge is the main engine of economic growth. The paper also introduces the knowledge economy framework, which asserts that sustained investments in education, innovation, information and communication technologies, and a conducive economic and institutional environment will lead to increases in the use and creation of knowledge in economic production, and consequently result in sustained economic growth. In order to facilitate countries trying to make the transition to the knowledge economy, the Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM) was developed. It is designed to provide a basic assessment of countries' readiness for the knowledge economy, and identifies sectors or specific areas where policymakers may need to focus more attention or future investments. The KAM is currently being widely used both internally and externally to the World Bank, and frequently facilitates engagements and policy discussions with government officials from client countries.
On the origin of visible photoluminescence in nanometer-size Ge crystallites

We have studied the origin of visible photoluminescence of Ge nanocrystals in SiO2 glassy matrix. Spectroscopic analyses of Ge nanocrystals indicate that the room‐temperature photoluminescence comes from Ge nanocrystals of diameter of 4 nm or less. High‐resolution electron microscopic studies imply that the structure of Ge nanocrystals of diameter ≤4 nm differs from the diamond structure. These data suggest that new nanostructure crystalline Ge having a character of direct optical transition exhibits the visible photoluminescence.
of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science Pricing Asian power options under jump-fraction process

A framework for pricing Asian power options is developed when the underlying asset follows a jump- fraction process. The partial differential equation (PDE) in the fractional environment with jump is cons-tructed for such option using general Itô’s lemma and self-financing dynamic strategy. With the boundary condition, an analytic formula for the option with geometric average starting at any time before maturity is derived by solving the PDE, and the option with arithmetic average is evaluated in Monte Carlo simula- tion using control variate technique with the help of the above analytic solution. Overwhelming numerical evidence indicates that the technique proposed is computationally efficient and dramatically improves the accuracy of the simulated price. Moreover, this study will pave a novel way to copy with the option con-tracts based on thinly-traded assets like oil, or currencies or interest rates.
Enhancement of the Stereo Pattern Tracking Technique for Model Deformation Assessment at ETW

The European Transonic Windtunnel (ETW) is a pressurised cryogenic facility adapted for testing cruise or high lift configurations of aircraft models at flight conditions. A high stability of test conditions, excellent repeatability and a wide test envelope of Mach and Reynolds numbers (Figure 1) are some of the main criteria for numerous customers of the worldwide aircraft industry for using ETW. Therefore developments of new and improvements of operated measurement systems are an important feature of the research activities for responding to clients’ requirements. Performing aeroelastic investigations or operating at increased tunnel pressures combined with high lift loads may lead to deformations of wings, high-lift components or tailplanes in form of twist and bend variations which need to be known for a proper analysis and understanding of the acquired aerodynamic data. To provide information about the model shape, ETW has developed the Stereo Pattern Tracking technique (SPT) using thin dot type markers attached to the lower surface of model components. Over the past decade ETW has permanently enhanced and improved its systems. Presently, there are four SPT-Systems available differing in the frame rate or image resolution. Each SPT-System uses a pair of cameras in stereoscopic arrangement. Productive data are typically acquired in pitch/pause mode during a lift polar but may also be collected during a continuous model pitch with a maximum pitch rate of 0.15deg/s. This paper gives an overview on the different SPT-Systems, their analysis under severe test conditions and documents the development and improvement of the SPT measurement technique.
Triangular Entropy of Uncertain Sets

Entropy is used to measure the degree of uncertainty associated with an uncertain variable whose value cannot be exactly predicated. In this paper, a type of entropy for uncertain set named triangular entropy is proposed. Then, some properties of triangular entropy for uncertain set are presented. In addition, the formula for calculating the triangular entropy of function of uncertain set is derived. By this formula, the positive linearity property of triangular entropy for uncertain set is proved.
Prospects for a certified mint supply chain in Morocco based on an assessment of consumers’ willingness to pay

In Morocco, there is a weak control of the quality of fruits and vegetables on the domestic market. The present study assesses the prospects for a certified mint value chain (either complying with legal criteria of maximum residue level or using organic production), based on interviews with 368 consumers and with actors of the current mint value chain. Among the consumers interviewed, 43% had reduced their consumption of mint between 2005 and 2015 due to concerns over the quality of mint, and 68% stated that they were willing to double the price they paid for mint in urban markets to get mint that complies with legal norms. A majority of interviewed coffee shops managers and urban resellers of mint also expressed their interest in selling certified mint. Mint appears as a relevant product to test a certified food chain in Morocco.
Rent-sharing or incentives? Estimating the residual claim of average employees

The rent-sharing literature and the agency literature both predict a link between pay and performance. The rent-sharing literature relies on short-term market power to explain this link, while the agency literature bases its prediction on the importance of incentives in principal-agent relationships. Annual data from an unbalanced panel of US manufacturing firms indicate that the performance-elasticity of average employee pay is approximately 0.127271 in small firms while it not significantly different from zero in large firms. The relative lack of incentive pay in the group of large firms demonstrates that the pay-performance link evident in US manufacturing firms is inconsistent with the exclusive truth of the rent-sharing hypothesis.
Concealment safeguarding delegated access control in shared clouds

Cloud computing, as a developing computing standard. Cloud computing empowers clients to remotely store their information in a cloud furthermore profit by administrations on-interest. With fast improvement of Cloud computing, more undertakings will outsource their touchy information for partaking in a cloud. To keep up the mutual information secret against untrusted cloud service providers (CSPs), a characteristic path is to store just the scrambled information in a cloud. The significant issues of this methodology incorporate setting up Decomposing Access Control Polices, designated access control for the encoded information, evidence of proprietorship permit stockpiling server to check a client information possession in light of hash quality and the entrance rights from clients when they are no more approved to get to the scrambled information. In the proposed approach the security of clients is ensured while authorizing trait based ACPs and using the two layer of encryption diminish the overhead at Owner, restricted to unapproved access to information and to any information break amid sharing procedure, giving levels of access control confirmation. By utilization of methodologies of ordinary encryption, the security of the data against the cloud was guaranteed and is insufficient to hold up the entrance control approaches of fine grained authoritative implementation. Present day ways to deal with put into impact access control approaches on outsourced data by method for specific encryption oblige associations to regulate all keys and encryptions and transfer encoded information to block off capacity. We anticipated a two layer encryption based way to deal with determination this trouble by assigning however much of access control authorization undertakings as could be expected to Cloud while decreasing data presentation dangers because of plotting clients and additionally Cloud. Under the plan of two layer of encryption and can diminish the overhead of the proprietor and broad recreation results demonstrate that the methodology breaks down the entrance control arrangements. All through the starting encryption and ensuing reencryptions, plan of two layer of encryption was produced that reduces the overhead managed by the proprietor.