Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical class: paradox of interest and political conservatism in middle class

ABSTRACT Considering the importance of class analysis in understanding social issues, the present paper has used this level of analysis as an important factor in the economic, social and political attitude of society. Accordingly, three main classes, including the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class have been divided and their attitudes towards redistribution of wealth (as a non-conservative policy) have been evaluated. Given the current economic inequality, in the case of adopting the policy of redistribution of the wealth, the lower and middle classes will benefit economically, since they possess less wealth than their population percentage. Nevertheless, the results of the survey revealed that only the lower class assented to redistribution of the wealth, while upper and middle classes largely dissented to it. The study seeks to address this question that why the middle-class dissents to redistribution of wealth, despite its economic benefits. In order to answer that, we resort to another survey of the members of the middle class, in which the role of non-economic interests – including social and political interests, has been evaluated. Finally, the conclusion suggests that the majority of the middle class faces a paradoxical status in the area of economic, political, and social interests.
Evaluation of nonformal education programs: the applicability and utility of the criterion-sampling approach

The Unesco Institute for Education, Hamburg, is a legally independent entity. While the programmes of the Institute are established along the lines laid down by the General Conference of Unesco, the publications of the Institute are issued under its sole responsibility; Unesco is not responsible for their contents. The points of view, selection of facts, and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily coincide with official positions of the Unesco Institute for Education, Hamburg. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Unesco Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of the frontiers of any country or territory.
Raziskovalni potencial lesa sodov iz rimskih vodnjakov

During archaeological excavations on wet sites in the area of the ancient Roman Nauportus (today’s Vrhnika, Slovenia) in 2005, preserved parts of various wooden structures were discovered. We collected and investigated almost 500 samples of wood from these. Half of the samples were silver fir (Abies alba) and oak (Quercus sp.). In particular, we focused on the dendrochronological investigation of three barrels made of silver fir wood, which were used to consolidate the walls of the three water wells. First, we constructed and dated a silver fir tree-ring chronology with the help of teleconnection. Afterward, we dated the barrels with the end dates: barrel 1 – end date 10 AD, barrel 2 – end date 3 AD, and barrel 3 – end date 10 AD. All dates represent the terminus post quem, after which the barrels were made and used for wells. The time frame for the construction of wells was complemented by the dates we obtained by analysing archaeological finds on the same site. The barrels from Nauportus were compared with contemporaneous barrels from water wells recently excavated in Emona (today’s Ljubljana, Slovenia). The barrels are among the first successfully dendrochronologically dated wooden remains from the 1st Century AD in Slovenia. They will allow for the better dating of stratigraphic archaeological layers, construction phases and individual archaeological finds in the wider area south of the Alps in the period soon after it was occupied by the Romans.
Using CNN for Encoder Optimization in H.265/HEVC

In this work-in-progress paper, we proposed using deep learning techniques, especially the deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform critical tasks of video ending within the framework of H.265/HEVC. Deep CNNs have achieved break-through improvements on image recognition tasks such as image classifications, object identifications, and image annotations. However, very few work has been done in applying deep CNN to video encoding. In order to take advantage of the significant capabilities of deep CNN on image content detection, we proposed using deep CNN as the primary technique to perform critical tasks in video encoding that are relevant to the contents of one or multiple video frames. More specifically, we designed deep CNNs for the following tasks in H.265/HEVC encoder: partitioning CTU to CUs; partitioning CU to PUs; performing intra prediction; and performing inter predictions.
OCCLUSION METHOD BASED ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL FEATURE DATA FOR MOBILE AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS

In recent years, the demand for augmented reality (AR) applications has been increasing owing to the spread of smartphones equipped with cameras and various sensors. Hence, there is a need for a high-speed processing method to build three-dimensional (3D) AR applications on mobile devices. In particular, an occlusion process, which determines the virtual object to be drawn on the real image, is indispensable. However, this process requires dynamic depth data of objects in real and virtual spaces in accordance with the movement of the camera. In this paper, we developed an AR tsunami simulation, which uses an occlusion method that cuts out a virtual water-wave by the 3D feature model obtained from real space. The application was developed by using the Unity game engine, which provides realistic rendering functions and compatibility with various sensors in smartphones with an occlusion program that uses OpenGL shader. As a result, the developed AR application performed the occlusion process without sacrificing processing power. The development of AR applications requires careful consideration of processing speed and accuracy in accordance with the requirements of presentation. The visualization of tsunami waves should also be improved, for example, sprays of wave collision should be represented. In the future, development of a more realistic representation technique and a simple method to retrieve depth data dynamically from real space will be necessary.
Impacts of Truck Platooning at Motorway On-ramps: Analysis of traffic performance and safety effects of different platooning strategies and platoon configurations using microscopic simulation

In this research, insight is gained into the impacts of truck platooning on traffic performance and safety at motorway on-ramps in mixed traffic using microscopic simulation. Thereby different platooning strategies and platoon configurations are considered, that for instance differ in desired platoon inter-vehicle gaps and platoon sizes. The effects are considered for a broad range of traffic intensities and penetration rates of equipped trucks. Merging problems are observed, but these can be solved if the platoon members yield to create a gap for merging vehicles.
Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 97/PUU-XIV/2016 bagi Orang Lom di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 97/PUU-XIV/2016 tentang Pengujian terhadap Undang-Undang Administrasi Kependudukan merupakan suatu bentuk regulasi yang dimunculkan untuk memberikan pengakuan dan perlindungan dalam kebebasan untuk memilih dan memeluk agama yang diyakini, termasuk bagi Orang Lom di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut serta persoalan yang mempengaruhinya. Hasil penelitian membuktikan: pertama, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut tidak dapat diimplementasi dalam pengisian kolom agama bagi Orang Lom dalam pembuatan Kartu Tanda Penduduk elektronik (KTP-el); kedua, terdapat berbagai faktor penyebab Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut tidak dapat diimplementasi, mulai dari persoalan regulasi turunan sebagai peraturan teknis, tidak dilakukannya sosialisasi, sistem aplikasi perekaman KTP-el, sampai pada persoalan budaya dan masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan suatu bentuk langkah konkret dan nyata yang dilakukan untuk mengakomodir persoalan pencantuman “penghayat kepercayaan” pada KTP-el bagi Orang Lom.The Constitutional Court Decision Number 97/PUU-XIV/2016 is a form of regulation that is raised to provide recognition and protection in the freedom to choose and embrace the religion that is believed, including for Orang Lom in Bangka Belitung. this paper is intended to examine the implementation of that Constitutional Court Decision and it’s legal problems. This research proved that: first, the Constitutional Court Decision cannot be implemented in filling out the religious column on the making electronic ID Card for Orang Lom. Second, there are various factors causing the implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision, starting from the issue of derivative regulation as a technical regulation, the absence of sosialization, application systems, culture and society factors. Therefore, needed the concrete efforts to accommodate the issue of inclusion of trustees in the making of the electronic ID Card for Orang Lom.
Expansionary zoning and the strategic behaviour of local governments

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the extent to which local land supply is the result of strategic interaction among nearby local governments. In a setting of limited tax instruments to raise revenues and interjurisdictional competition for mobile residents, municipal authorities are provided with the economic incentives to convert land from rural to urban uses, hence promoting urban growth. Using data on a large sample of Spanish municipalities for the period 2003–11 and a modified Cournot-style competition model, we report evidence in support of this hypothesis. The results suggest that local incumbents do not make policy decisions in isolation, and reaction functions arise because the mobile tax base reacts to the regulatory measures that modify land uses in each municipality.
Prioritized access control enabling weighted, fine-grained protection in cyber-physical systems

This article investigates access control in cyber-physical systems, making a decision to permit or deny a user’s request for access operations on a system. Access operations in cyber-physical system result in diverse impacts on human beings and are perceived with different importance. Say, controlling a nuclear plant and reading data from it must be given different priorities. Access requests for these operations must be authorized distinctively with different protection levels, named prioritization issue. Existing solutions, however, do not either satisfy the prioritization requirement efficiently or work well in cyber-physical system environment. To solve the prioritization problem, we propose a new access control mechanism, named multi-factor access control, that employs a multi-factoring technique. In multi-factor access control, a user is granted multiple secret keys (i.e. factors) from independent authorities. When accessing a highly prioritized object, the user must present more than two factors, each of which is issued from different authorities. This decreases the probability that it presents false evidence of qualification, increasing protection level. To demonstrate the feasibility, we implement the proposed scheme and apply it to our smart building testbed. Throughout real-world experiments, we evaluate the performance of computation cost and illustrate automated, prioritized smart building controls.
Bulgarian-English Treebank: Design and Implementation

The paper describes the construction of a Bulgarian-English treebank aligned on the word and semantic level. We consider the manual word level alignment easier and more reliable than the manual alignment on syntactic and semantic level. Thus, after manual word level alignment we apply an automatic procedure for the construction of semantic level alignments. Our work presents the main steps of this automatic procedure which exploits the syntactic analysis of both sentences, morphosyntactic annotation, manual word level alignment in producing the semantic annotation of the sentences and semantic alignment. Last, but not least, a method for identification of potential errors is discussed us- ing the automatically constructed semantic analyses of Bulgarian sentences and their comparison to the semantic representation of the English sentences.
FREE OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE HAS GAINED THE POPULARITY AS A SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHOD-A REVIEW

The most blooming and successful software among them are: Linux Operating System, Mozilla, Apache web server and Openoffice.org [1]. The FOSS is being viewed by many as its being good in terms of their usage, reliability, performance and market share. The major focus of open source software developer is on functionality and the features which are useful, easy to use by the users. The major advantages of FOSS and its importance is the usability of open source applications which are embedded in most Linux OS and how it can be measured by assessing user performance such as, satisfaction, effectiveness and acceptability. Linux is a freely available Operating System in different flavours and with different languages. The Linux feature set is similar to the feature set of Microsoft Windows
RESEARCH ON THE THREE-PARTY EVOLUTIONARY GAME MODLE AMONG THE GOVERNMENT, ENTERPRISES AND THE SOCIETY IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

With the deepening of the research on the issue of corporate social responsibility, the relationship among the government, enterprise and society has become the hotspot of researches. It has great practical significance to analyze the dynamic game relationship among the three parties under the incomplete information condition. Based on this, the three-party evolutionary game model under the incomplete information condition and the hypothesis of bounded rational participants has been built, and the behavioral strategies and earnings of the three-party participants as well as the evolutionarily stable strategy have been analyzed. Besides, the three-dimensional stereogram is applied to demonstrate the gradually progressive trend of different strategy profiles; and the game results suggest that the government chooses the intervention strategy, enterprise chooses the social responsibility fulfillment strategy, and society chooses the supervision strategy reaches the optimal status of the model, and can better promote the enterprise to fulfill social responsibility.
Cementing Africa: Cement flows and city-making along the West African corridor (Accra, Lomé, Cotonou, Lagos)

This article analyses the production, circulation and consumption of cement along the West African coastal corridor, a 500-kilometre conurbation that stretches between Accra, Lomé, Cotonou and Lagos – the largest urban metropolis still in progress in Africa. By focusing on the ‘cement chain’, this research contributes to ongoing explorations of how urban phenomena are produced in Africa. As a binding material, cement is at the nexus of a range of issues at stake in contemporary African cities, such as urban policies, economic trends, dweller practices, environmental issues and capitalist accumulation. Based on empirical long-term fieldwork, the article adopts a ‘follow-the-thing’, multi-scale approach, retracing the itinerary of cement bags from the plant to the plot and observing all the actors involved in the cement chain, from major companies to bricklayers. Cement, the article concludes, epitomises the emerging ‘Made in Africa’ metropolitan condition, therefore including issues regarding the environment and sustainability in current debates on the growth of the cement city.
Acetylene reduction associated with zostera novazelandica Setch. and Spartina alterniflora Loisel., in Whangateau harbour, North Island, New Zealand

Abstract Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) was investigated in Zostera novazelandica Setch. and Spartina alterniflora Loisel. , in the North Island of New Zealand. Moderate rates of acetylene reduction were found in sediments in which plants were growing (means ± 95% confidence limit: 15.2 ± 2.8 μmol C2H4 m−2 h−1 for Zostera and 24.7 ± 4.6 |amol C2H4 m−2 h−1 for Spartina). Activity was closely correlated with the dry weight of roots (r2 = 0.65, N ‐ 15 for Zostera, and r2 = 0.85, N = 10 for Spartina). Sediment close to the plant beds, but without plants, exhibited only low rates of acetylene reduction (2.9 ± 2.2 and 4.5 ± 1.0 pmolC2H4m2 h−1,respectively). Sediments associated with Z. novazelandica and S. alterniflora in New Zealand exhibit moderate rates of nitrogenase activity compared to rates found in other countries. N fixation may contribute significantly to the nutrition of these plants in New Zealand estuaries.
The Sensitivity of Numerical Simulations of Cloud‐Topped Boundary Layers to Cross‐Grid Flow

In mesoscale and global atmospheric simulations with large horizontal domains, strong horizontal flow across the grid is often unavoidable, but its effects on cloud‐topped boundary layers have received comparatively little study. Here the effects of cross‐grid flow on large‐eddy simulations of stratocumulus and trade‐cumulus marine boundary layers are studied across a range of grid resolutions (horizontal × vertical) between 500 m × 20 m and 35 m × 5 m. Three cases are simulated: DYCOMS nocturnal stratocumulus, BOMEX trade cumulus, and a GCSS stratocumulus‐to‐trade cumulus case. Simulations are performed with a stationary grid (with 4–8 m s−1 horizontal winds blowing through the cyclic domain) and a moving grid (equivalent to subtracting off a fixed vertically uniform horizontal wind) approximately matching the mean boundary‐layer wind speed. For stratocumulus clouds, cross‐grid flow produces two primary effects on stratocumulus clouds: a filtering of fine‐scale resolved turbulent eddies, which reduces stratocumulus cloud‐top entrainment, and a vertical broadening of the stratocumulus‐top inversion which enhances cloud‐top entrainment. With a coarse (20 m) vertical grid, the former effect dominates and leads to strong increases in cloud cover and LWP, especially as horizontal resolution is coarsened. With a finer (5 m) vertical grid, the latter effect is stronger and leads to small reductions in cloud cover and LWP. For the BOMEX trade cumulus case, cross‐grid flow tends to produce fewer and larger clouds with higher LWP, especially for coarser vertical grid spacing. The results presented are robust to choice of scalar advection scheme and Courant number.
END-TO-END BIG DATA PROCESSING PROTECTION IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENT USING BLACK BOXES - AN FPGA APPROACH

Privacy is one of the critical concerns that hinders the adoption of public cloud. For simple application, like storage, encryption can be used to protect user's data. But for outsourced data processing, i.e., big data processing with MapReduce framework, there is no satisfying solution. Users have to trust the cloud service providers that they will not leak users' data. We propose adding black boxes to the public cloud for critical computation, which are tamper resistant to most adversaries. Specifically, FPGAs are deployed in the public cloud environment as black boxes for privacy preserving computation, and proxy re-encryption is used to support dynamic job scheduling on different FPGAs. In FPGA cloud, cloud is not necessarily fully trusted, and during outsourced computation, user's data is protected by a data encryption key only accessible by trusted FPGA devices. As an important application of cloud computing, we apply FPGA cloud to the popular MapReduce programming model and extend the FPGA based MapReduce pipeline with privacy protection capabilities. Finally, we conduct experiments and evaluation for k-NN with FPGA cloud, which is an important MapReduce application. The experimental results show the practicality of FPGA cloud.
Social Ties and the Selection of China’s Political Elite

We study how sharing a hometown or college connection with an incumbent member of China’s Politburo affects a candidate’s likelihood of selection as a new member. In specifications that include fixed effects to absorb quality differences across cities and colleges, we find that hometown and college connections are each associated with 5–9 percentage point reductions in selection probability. This “connections penalty” is equally strong for retiring Politburo members, arguing against quota-based explanations, and it is much stronger for junior Politburo members, consistent with a role for intra-factional competition. Our findings differ from earlier work because of our emphasis on within-group variation, and our focus on shared hometown and college, rather than shared workplace, connections. (JEL D72, O17, P26, Z13)
Kget+: An efficient tool for managing VM image snapshots

Virtualization technologies have recently gained a lot of interest in Grid computing as they allow flexible resource management. However, designing and implementing a complete framework to build VM images, to deploy and configure them automatically and to manage them (with migration and snapshotting operations) remains a real challenge. In this paper, after enumerating these challenges, we focus on the VM image snapshot management issue and present our tool, called Kget+, able to manage VM image snapshots in a very efficient way.
Precariousness, Gender, Resistance and Consent in the Face of Global Production Network’s ‘Reforms’ of Pakistan’s Garment Manufacturing Industry

This case study of the restructuring of Pakistan’s garment manufacturing industry explores how attempts to increase capital’s control over the labour process intersect with local patriarchal structures and trigger workers’ reflexivity and agency causing unanticipated consequences. Using Archer’s notion of agency, the article examines the theoretical space where capitalism meets patriarchy, and both are reproduced. The focus on reflexivity, anchored between objective contexts and agents’ personal concerns, helps theorize capital–labour–gender relations in global supply chains and explains workers’ impactful resistance to protect a supposedly precarious work regime. Our findings challenge the notion that globalization reduces workers’ agency and their potential for impactful resistance.
Explicitation, Unique Items and the Translation of English Passives in Thai Legal Texts

Despite growing interest in the study of translation in Thailand, relatively little has been published on contemporary Thai translation practices. This study presents a first attempt to explore legal translation into Thai, using both a purpose-built parallel corpus of international treaties translated from English into Thai, and a monolingual corpus of non-translated Thai legislation. Drawing on previous corpus-based studies concerned with general features of translation, we ask whether there is evidence of explicitation (Becher 2010a) in our translated data and whether “unique items” (Tirkkonen-Condit 2002) are underrepresented. We pursue these questions through a study of the translation of the passive voice into Thai, and focus in particular on the Thai passive markers ถูก /thùuk/, โดน /doon/, and ได้รับ /dai-rup/, which we consider unique items in Thai. The study finds that, despite some writers’ antipathy to the passive voice in Thai, most English passives are translated into Thai using the passive voice, and that in those instances where the active voice is used in the translation, there is rarely any explicitation involved, as explicit agents are rarely added in Thai. We do not find any evidence to support the hypothesis that unique items are underrepresented in translation. On the contrary, the unique items studied appear to be overrepresented in translation into Thai.