Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence that Biosynthesis of the Second and Third Sugars of the Archaellin Tetrasaccharide in the Archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis Occurs by the Same Pathway Used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa To Make a Di-N-Acetylated Sugar

ABSTRACT Methanococcus maripaludis has two surface appendages, archaella and type IV pili, which are composed of glycoprotein subunits. Archaellins are modified with an N-linked tetrasaccharide with the structure Sug-1,4-β-ManNAc3NAmA6Thr-1,4-β-GlcNAc3NAcA-1,3-β-GalNAc, where Sug is (5S)-2-acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-5-O-methyl-α-l-erythro-hexos-5-ulo-1,5-pyranose. The pilin glycan has an additional hexose attached to GalNAc. In this study, genes located in two adjacent, divergently transcribed operons (mmp0350-mmp0354 and mmp0359-mmp0355) were targeted for study based on annotations suggesting their involvement in biosynthesis of N-glycan sugars. Mutants carrying deletions in mmp0350, mmp0351, mmp0352, or mmp0353 were nonarchaellated and synthesized archaellins modified with a 1-sugar glycan, as estimated from Western blots. Mass spectroscopy analysis of pili purified from the Δmmp0352 strain confirmed a glycan with only GalNAc, suggesting mmp0350 to mmp0353 were all involved in biosynthesis of the second sugar (GlcNAc3NAcA). The Δmmp0357 mutant was archaellated and had archaellins with a 2-sugar glycan, as confirmed by mass spectroscopy of purified archaella, indicating a role for MMP0357 in biosynthesis of the third sugar (ManNAc3NAmA6Thr). M. maripaludis mmp0350, mmp0351, mmp0352, mmp0353, and mmp0357 are proposed to be functionally equivalent to Pseudomonas aeruginosa wbpABEDI, involved in converting UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to UDP-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-d-mannuronic acid, an O5-specific antigen sugar. Cross-domain complementation of the final step of the P. aeruginosa pathway with mmp0357 supports this hypothesis. IMPORTANCE This work identifies a series of genes in adjacent operons that are shown to encode the enzymes that complete the entire pathway for generation of the second and third sugars of the N-linked tetrasaccharide that modifies archaellins of Methanococcus maripaludis. This posttranslational modification of archaellins is important, as it is necessary for archaellum assembly. Pilins are modified with a different N-glycan consisting of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional hexose attached to the linking sugar. Mass spectrometry analysis of the pili of one mutant strain provided insight into how this different glycan might ultimately be assembled. This study includes a rare example of an archaeal gene functionally replacing a bacterial gene in a complex sugar biosynthesis pathway.
Photonics-Based Broadband Microwave Measurement

Microwave measurement refers to the acquisition of parameters of a microwave signal or the identification of properties of an object via microwave-based approaches. Thanks to the broad bandwidth and high speed provided by modern photonics, microwave measurement in the optical domain can provide better performance in terms of bandwidth and speed which may not be achievable using traditional, even state-of-the-art electronics. In this tutorial, techniques for photonics-based broadband and high-speed microwave measurement are discussed with an emphasis on the system architectures for microwave signal parameter measurement and object property identification. Emerging technologies in this area and possible future research directions are also discussed.
Influence of the Finite Slot Thickness on RLSA Antenna Design

In this communication, we consider the effect of the thickness of the plate where slots are cut into, with reference to the design of a radial line slot array antenna. We show that the zero-thickness approximation results in a significant lack of accuracy even though the slot thickness is of the order of one-thirtieth of the wavelength. Then, we investigate and compare the accuracy and the efficiency of various approximate numerical techniques that can be conveniently employed in the full-wave analysis and optimization process of the antenna.
Joint Channel Estimation Methods in Carrier Aggregation OFDM Systems

In this paper, we investigate channel estimation methods in carrier aggregation (CA) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Carrier aggregation (CA) is one of the most distinct features of 4G that allows operators to deploy a system with larger bandwidth by aggregating several smaller contiguous or non-contiguous carriers. By taking advantage of the channel correlation that presents among different carrier components (CC) accessing the same physical link, new approaches are developed and proposed from pilot-assisted, blind, and semi-blind channel estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation methods with combining data from different bands outperform methods that perform channel estimation in individual bands.
Taxonomic review of the Pterostichini and Loxandrini fauna of New Caledonia (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Abstract The generic-level taxa included in Pterostichini and Loxandrini from New Caledonia are reviewed and a key to genera and species provided. Two new genera are described, Paniestichus and Abacophrastus, with the following new species: Paniestichus subsolianus, Abacophrastus millei, Abacophrastus chapes, Abacophrastus carnifex, Abacophrastus hobbit, Abacophrastus megalops, Abacophrastus reflexus and Abacophrastus bellorum. Abacoleptus curtus new species, is described. Notonomus irideus and Notonomus savesi are moved to Prosopogmus. Four new species of Prosopogmus are described: Prosopogmus koghisensis, Prosopogmus lescheni, Prosopogmus fortis and Prosopogmus aoupiniensis. Homalosoma griseolum is moved to Sphodrosomus. Cerabilia is newly recorded from New Caledonia and the genus is moved from Platynini to Loxandrini and therefore is the first report of Loxandrini from New Caledonia. An apparent adventive from Australia, Darodilia, is newly reported from New Caledonia.
Clinical practice guidelines: time to move the debate from the how to the who

1. National Cardiovascular Disease Database. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2000. <http://www.aihw. gov.au/cvdhtml/cvd-menu.htm>. Accessed 28 Feb 2002. 2. Jamrozik K, Broadhurst RJ, Lai N, et al. Trends in the incidence, severity, and short-term outcome of stroke in Perth, Western Australia. Stroke 1999; 30: 2105-2111. 3. Dunstan D, Zimmet P, Welborn T, et al on behalf of the AusDiab Steering Committee. Diabesity and associated disorders in Australia 2000. The accelerating epidemic. Australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle report. Melbourne: International Diabetes Institute, 2000. 4. Sturm JW, Davis SM, O'Sullivan JG, et al. The Avoid Stroke as Soon as Possible (ASAP) general practice stroke audit. Med J Aust 2002; 176: 312-316. 5. 1999 World Health Organization — International Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension. Guidelines subcommittee. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 151-183. 6. Hankey G. Non-valvular atrial fibrillation and stroke prevention. National Blood Pressure Advisory Committee of the National Heart Foundation. Med J Aust 2001; 174: 234-239. 7. Heller RF, Dobson A. Disease impact number and population impact number: population perspectives to measures of risk and benefit. BMJ 2000; 321: 950-952. 8. Montgomery AA, Fahey T, Peters TJ, et al. Evaluation of computer based clinical decision support system and risk chart for management of hypertension in primary care: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2000; 320: 686-690. 9. Montgomery AA, Fahey T, MacKintosh C, et al. Estimation of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients in primary care. Br J Gen Pract 2000; 50: 127-128. 10. Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham study. Stroke 1991; 22: 312-318. 11. Jackson R. Guidelines on preventing cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. BMJ 2000; 320: 659-661. ❏
Different neural and cognitive response to emotional faces in healthy monozygotic twins at risk of depression

Background Negative cognitive bias and aberrant neural processing of emotional faces are trait-marks of depression. Yet it is unclear whether these changes constitute an endophenotype for depression and are also present in healthy individuals with hereditary risk for depression. Method Thirty healthy, never-depressed monozygotic (MZ) twins with a co-twin history of depression (high risk group: n = 13) or without co-twin history of depression (low-risk group: n = 17) were enrolled in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. During fMRI, participants viewed fearful and happy faces while performing a gender discrimination task. After the scan, they were given a faces dot-probe task, a facial expression recognition task and questionnaires assessing mood, personality traits and coping strategies. Results High-risk twins showed increased neural response to happy and fearful faces in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), pre-supplementary motor area and occipito-parietal regions compared to low-risk twins. They also displayed stronger negative coupling between amygdala and pregenual ACC, dmPFC and temporo-parietal regions during emotional face processing. These task-related changes in neural responses in high-risk twins were accompanied by impaired gender discrimination performance during face processing. They also displayed increased attention vigilance for fearful faces and were slower at recognizing facial expressions relative to low-risk controls. These effects occurred in the absence of differences between groups in mood, subjective state or coping. Conclusions Different neural response and functional connectivity within fronto-limbic and occipito-parietal regions during emotional face processing and enhanced fear vigilance may be key endophenotypes for depression.
Aspirin plus warfarin compared to aspirin alone after acute coronary syndromes: an updated and comprehensive meta-analysis of 25,307 patients.

AIMS In patients recovering from acute coronary syndromes (ACS) the role of oral anticoagulation (and its intensity) in addition to aspirin remains controversial. We conducted a specific meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing aspirin plus warfarin (A+W) with aspirin alone in such patients. METHODS AND RESULTS MEDLINE and Cochrane databases yielded 14 (of 148 potentially relevant) articles enrolling 25 307 patients. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 5 years. Irrespective of International normalized ratio (INR), A+W did not significantly affect the risk of major adverse events (MAE: all cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal thrombo-embolic stroke) when compared with aspirin alone [OR 0.96 (0.90-1.03), P=0.30], but increased the risk of major bleeds (MB): OR 1.77 (1.47-2.13), P<0.00001. However, in studies with INR of 2-3, A+W was associated with a significant reduction of MAE [OR 0.73 (0.63-0.84), P<0.0001, number needed to treat to avoid one MAE=33], albeit at an increased risk of MB [OR 2.32 (1.63-3.29), P<0.00001; number needed to harm by causing one MB=100]. In both analyses, intracranial bleeding was not significantly increased by A+W when compared with aspirin alone. CONCLUSION For patients recovering from ACS, a combined strategy of A+W at INR values of 2-3 doubles the risk of MB, but is nonetheless superior to aspirin alone in preventing MAE. Whether this combined regimen is also superior to a 'double' anti-platelet strategy or to newer evolving treatments warrants further investigation.
Network Design for LTE-Pro

This paper presents the design of the LTE-Pro network in the combination of LTE-LAA and LTE-LWA. By designing appropriate distance, density as a ratio and bandwidth allocation between 3 technologies in order to find the suitable cell location that enables the high throughput. From the variation between LWA (Wi-Fi Access point) or LAA (eNB) and Base Station (BS) to find Inter-Cell Interference Coordinate (ICIC) from the nearby BS via signal to interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR). The assumption that LAA node and LTE node had different radius, while LWA was randomly distributed between the distance D1 and D2, respectively. Then the ratio number of nodes and allocate frequencies bandwidth between 3 technologies. By using MATHLAB to simulate the operation of the LTE-Pro network. The results show that the design of the pico LTE-pro network with the range D1 is 3 : 4 of the LAA radius, and D2 is 4 : 5 of the LTE radius. The node ratio and the bandwidth allocation of LTE : LAA : LWA is 2 : 2 : 10 and 2 : 4 : 4 respectively are factors that affects the performance of LTE-Pro and will improve LTE-Pro network performance.
Using lessons from health care to protect the privacy of library users: Guidelines for the de-identification of library data based on HIPAA

While libraries have employed policies to protect the data about use of their services, these policies are rarely specific or standardized. Since 1996 the U.S. healthcare system has been grappling with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which is designed to provide those handling personal health information with standardized, definitive instructions as to the protection of data. In this work, the authors briefly discuss the present situation of privacy policies about library use data, outline the HIPAA guidelines to understand parallels between the two, and finally propose methods to create a de-identified library data warehouse based on HIPAA for the protection of user privacy.
Attitudes of Elderly Subjects toward “Truth Telling” for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

This study expands on previous research regarding attitudes of older adults toward disclosure of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Two hundred patients 65 years or older completed a questionnaire assessing opinions about being told the diagnosis of AD versus cancer. Most responded they wanted to be told if they had AD or terminal cancer (92% for AD, 86.5% for cancer, P = .06). Those with personal experience with AD were significantly less likely to want to know themselves if they had AD than were those without personal experience (P <.0001). A variety of reasons were given for wanting to be told the diagnosis of AD, including a small minority (1.7%) who would consider suicide. Although these results appear to support recent American Medical Association guidelines favoring disclosure of a dementia diagnosis, complex issues remain. Further research is needed to develop guidelines for physicians in disclosing dementia diagnoses that includes outcome studies of disclosure to patients. (J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2003; 16:90-93)
Changes in Fine PM Pollution Levels with Tightening of Regulations on Vehicle Emissions

A long-term campaign for monitoring the concentration of atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM) was conducted at multiple sites located in the center and suburbs of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area in Japan. The concentration of fine PM has shown a declining trend over the last two decades. A positive matrix factorization model elucidated that the contribution of combustion sources was drastically reduced. In Japan, the regulations on vehicle exhaust emissions were phased in and gradually tightened over the last two decades, which has triggered a notable reduction in PM emissions from automobiles and has contributed to the mitigation of the problem of fine PM pollution. Keywords—Air pollution, Diesel-powered vehicle, Positive matrix factorization, Receptor modeling.
GENETIC VARIATION IN NATURAL AND CULTIVATED POPULATIONS OF PRIMULA VERIS

Primula veris, a well-known pharmaceutical plant, is a long-lived perennial protected by law in Poland, so its rhizomes and roots can be collected as pharmaceutical stock only from cultivation. Genetic variation of three natural P. veris populations numbering 500–1200 individuals and of three cultivated populations derived from seeds collected from natural sites was investigated in respect of two enzyme systems: phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and diaphorase (DIA). Four presumptive loci were identified from these two enzyme systems. In 6PGD, only one (6PGD-2) of two detected loci was polymorphic, consisting of three alleles a, b and c. Each of two electrophoretically detected loci in DIA was polymorphic and had two alleles. Comparison of the cultivated and natural populations revealed slight differentiation in the presence and composition of genotypes for 6PGD-2, while for DIA all populations except one preserved the same set of genotypes. Mean values of the polymorphism index for three loci ranged from 0.239 to 0.345 for natural populations and from 0.303 to 0.446 for cultivated populations, indicating that cultivated populations were more polymorphic than natural ones. The level of heterozygosity in the examined populations was very low. Mean values for Ho calculated for three polymorphic loci ranged from 0.033 to 0.056. The observed low heterozygosity level was confirmed by high values of Wright’s fixation index, ranging from 0.798 to 0.910.
Argininosuccinate synthetase as a plasma biomarker of liver injury after acetaminophen overdose in rodents and humans

Abstract Context: New biomarkers are needed in acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. Plasma argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) is a promising candidate. Objective: Characterize ASS in APAP hepatotoxicity. Methods: ASS was measured in plasma from rodents and humans with APAP hepatotoxicity. Results: In mice, ASS increased before injury, peaked before alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and decreased rapidly. Fischer rats had a greater increase in ASS relative to ALT. Patients with abnormal liver test results had very high ASS compared to controls. ASS appeared to increase early in some patients, and declined rapidly in all. Conclusions: ASS may be a useful biomarker of acute cell death in APAP hepatotoxicity.
The PKZ1 Recombination Mutation Assay: A Sensitive Assay for Low Dose Studies

The majority of mutation studies are performed at high doses of DNA damaging agents due to the insensitivity of most mutation assays. Extrapolation using a linear no-threshold (LNT) dose response model is then used to estimate the extent of possible DNA damage at lower doses. There is increasing evidence to suggest that the LNT model may not be correct at low doses of at least some DNA damaging agents. The pKZ1 in vivo and in vitro recombination assays have proven to be very sensitive for detection of changes in chromosomal inversion in lymphoid tissue in response to low doses of DNA damaging agents. Non-linear dose response curves for chromosomal inversion as an end-point have been identified at low doses of DNA damaging agents using this assay. Here, we review the inversion results obtained to date with the pKZ1 assays and discuss their suitability for low dose studies.
Improved survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and disparities by age, race, and socioeconomic status by decade, 1983–2012

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for the majority of liver cancer, is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and therefore adds up the financial burden. Incidence data of HCC in three decades during 1983-2012 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with incidence rates of 1.9, 3.1 and 4.9 per 100,000 respectively. In addition, to evaluate the survival changes in the same period, a total of 63,640 HCC cancer cases were accessed from SEER database. The six-month relative survival rates improved each decade from 31.0% to 42.9% to 57.2% and the higher increase can be seen in the last two decades. More importantly, the disparities of survival among different racial groups and socioeconomic status (SES) were confirmed by the inferiority of survival in Black race and high-poverty group respectively. This research analyzed the incidence and survival data of HCC in the past three decades and may help predict the future trends of incidence and survival. Furthermore, this study may help better design healthcare policies and clinical management programs to balance the disparities of survival between SES groups, races, ages and sexes confirmed in this study and thereby improve the clinical management of HCC.
Evaluation of two models for securing SIP for home network communications

In this work, two different SIP communication models for smart home networks are suggested to meet the security requirements needed for verifying remote user's identity (authentication) and data privacy (confidentiality) of the connection. While the first method uses HTTP Digest Authentication for user registration security and IPSec tunnel for data confidentiality, the second method uses TLS for a secure authentication and SRTP in order to provide data confidentiality during the connection. SRTP key sharing is also provided by TLS before connection is established between a user and a home network. A pilot system is developed by using third party SIP stack implementation to observe the performance of the two alternatives. Results of these evaluations are presented.
HEVC based mixed-resolution stereo video coding for low bitrate transmission

This paper presents a mixed resolution stereo video coding model for High Efficiency Video Codec (HEVC). The challenging aspects of mixed resolution video coding are enabling the codec to encode frames with different frame resolution/size and using decoded pictures having different frame resolution/size for referencing. These challenges are further enlarged when implemented using HEVC, since the incoming video frames are subdivided into coding tree units. The ingenuity of the proposed codec's design, is that the information in intermediate frames are down-sampled and yet the frames can retain the original resolution. To enable random access to full resolution decoded frame in the decoded picture buffer as reference frame a downsampled version of the decoded full resolution frame is used. The test video sequences were coded using the proposed codec and standard MV-HEVC. Results show that the proposed codec gives a significantly higher coding performance over the MV-HEVC codec.
Prostaglandin E receptor EP1 enhances GABA‐mediated inhibition of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and regulates dopamine level in the dorsal striatum

Dopamine (DA) is a neuromodulator that is critical for sensory‐motor, cognitive and emotional functions. We previously found that mice lacking prostaglandin E receptor EP1 showed impulsive emotional behaviors accompanied by enhanced DA turnover in the frontal cortex and striatum. Given that these behavioral phenotypes were corrected by DA receptor antagonists, we hypothesized that EP1 deficiency causes a hyperdopaminergic state for its behavioral phenotype. Here we tested this hypothesis by examining the EP1 action in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. We first used microdialysis and found an elevated extracellular DA level in the dorsal striatum of EP1‐deficient mice compared with wild‐type mice. Despite the EP1 expression in the striatum, neither deficiency nor activation of EP1 altered the intrastriatal control for DA release, uptake or degradation. Immunohistochemistry revealed punctate EP1 signals apposed with dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Many EP1 signals were colocalized with a marker for GABAergic synapses. Further, an EP1 agonist enhanced GABAA‐mediated inhibitory inputs to SNc dopaminergic neurons in midbrain slices. Therefore, the prostaglandin E2‐EP1 signaling directly enhances GABAergic inputs to SNc dopaminergic neurons. The lack of this EP1 action may lead to a hyperdopaminergic state of EP1‐deficient mice.