Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing of a Prototype Land Information Sensor Web ( LISW )

Sensor webs can eclipse the value of disparate sensor components by reducing response time and increasing scientific value, especially when integrated with science analysis, data assimilation, prediction modeling and decision support tools. The prototype Land Information Sensor Web (LISW) is a project sponsored by NASA, trying to integrate the Land Information System (LIS) in a sensor web framework which allows for optimal 2-way information flow that enhances land surface modeling using sensor web observations, and in turn allows sensor web reconfiguration to minimize overall system uncertainty. This prototype is based on a simulated interactive sensor web, which is then used to exercise and optimize the sensor web modeling interfaces. These synthetic experiments provide a controlled environment in which to examine the end-to-end performance of the prototype, the impact of various design sensor web design trade-offs and the eventual value of sensor webs for particular prediction or decision support. In this paper, the progress of the LISW study will be presented, especially in scenario experiment design, sensor web framework and uncertainties in current land surface modeling. In this paper, the latest advances of design and implementation of a framework to integrate land surface modeling and a sensor web, a sensor web simulator (SWS) and as well as some data assimilation experiments based on the virtual sensor observations will be reported. The study of a virtual Land Information Sensor Web (LISW) is expected to provide some necessary priori knowledge for designing and deploying the next generation Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS) and to benefit a wide community of scientists from land surface modeling and engineers from space and sensor technology. KeywordsLand Surface Modeling, Sensor Web, Data Assimilation, Remote Sensing
Cantilever tilt compensation for variable-load atomic force microscopy

In atomic force microscopy (AFM), typically the cantilever’s long axis forms an angle with respect to the plane of the sample’s surface. This has consequences for contact mode experiments because the tip end of the cantilever, which is constrained to move along the surface, displaces longitudinally when the applied load varies. As a result, the AFM tip makes contact with a different point on the surface at each load. These different positions lie along the projection of the lever’s long axis onto the surface. When not constrained by static friction, the amount of tip-displacement is, to first order, proportional to the load and is shown to be substantial for typical AFM and cantilever geometries. The predictions are confirmed experimentally to within 15% or better. Thus, care should be taken when performing load-dependent contact mode experiments, such as friction versus load, elasticity versus load, or force versus displacement measurements, particularly for heterogeneous or topographically-varying sampl.
Sliding window and interleaver design

Terminating the trellis was considered essential to lower the bit error probability in a turbo coded system. When a sliding window algorithm is used, this issue becomes even more important. It is shown that trellis termination can be completely ignored by using an interleaver that takes into account the particular window size of the sliding window algorithm.
A computationally efficient ion implantation damage model and its application to multiple implant simulations

A computationally efficient ion implantation cumulative damage model has recently been developed and implemented in UT-MARLOWE Versions 4.0 and 4.1. Based on the modified Kinchin-Pease formula, this model accounts for damage generation and accumulation, defect encounters and amorphization in a simplified way. Good agreement with experimental impurity profiles has been obtained for As, B, BF2 and P implants in single-crystal silicon. In addition, the amorphous layer thicknesses obtained in this model are also in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements. Based on this damage model, a simple but extremely powerful and general method for performing multiple implant simulations has been developed, and very good agreement with experimental data has been obtained.
Contrastive Language-Action Pre-training for Temporal Localization

Long-form video understanding requires designing approaches that are able to temporally localize activities or language. End-to-end training for such tasks is limited by the compute device memory constraints and lack of temporal annotations at large-scale. These limitations can be addressed by pre-training on large datasets of temporally trimmed videos supervised by class annotations. Once the video encoder is pre-trained, it is common practice to freeze it during fine-tuning. Therefore, the video encoder does not learn temporal boundaries and unseen classes, causing a domain gap with respect to the downstream tasks. Moreover, using temporally trimmed videos prevents to capture the relations between different action categories and the background context in a video clip which results in limited generalization capacity. To address these limitations, we propose a novel post-pre-training approach without freezing the video encoder which leverages language. We introduce a masked contrastive learning loss to capture visio-linguistic relations between activities, background video clips and language in the form of captions. Our experiments show that the proposed approach improves the state-of-the-art on temporal action localization, few-shot temporal action localization, and video language grounding tasks.
A Plausible Model

One widely expressed K 1 channel, often called the “BK” channel for its “big” single channel conductance, is regulated by intracellular Ca 2 1 and voltage: at constant voltage, the open probability ( P o ) increases with [Ca 2 1 ]. At constant [Ca 2 1 ], P o increases with depolarization. BK channels participate in many physiological processes, including repolarization of the action potential (Adams et al., 1982), frequency tuning in the inner ear (Hudspeth and Lewis, 1988), and regulation of neurotransmitter release (Robitaille et al., 1993). The mechanism of BK channel gating is addressed by a recent paper in this journal (Rothberg and Magleby, 1999) and by two papers in this issue (Horrigan et al., 1999; Horrigan and Aldrich, 1999). The Magleby and Aldrich labs took very different approaches, but fortunately arrive at compatible conclusions. Rothberg and Magleby (1999) examined in detail the gating of single BK channels under a limited range of conditions: 1 30 mV, primarily at saturating [Ca 2 1 ]. Horrigan et al. (1999) and Horrigan and Aldrich (1999) examined macroscopic ionic and gating currents (respectively), over a wide voltage range but in the effective absence of [Ca 2 1 ]. Both find features of BK channel gating that favor allosteric models, resembling in some ways the classical MWC model (Monod et al., 1965) for activation of allosteric enzymes.
Improved temperature regulation of APS linac RF components.

The temperature of the APS S-Band linac's high-power rf components is regulated by water from individual closed-loop deionized (DI) water systems. The rf components are all made of oxygen-free high-conductivity copper and respond quickly to temperature changes. The SLED cavities are especially temperature-sensitive and cause beam energy instabilities when the temperature is not well regulated. Temperature regulation better than {+-} 0.1 F is required to achieve good energy stability. Improvements in the closed-loop water systems have enabled them to achieve a regulation of {+-} 0.05 F over long periods. Regulation philosophy and equipment are discussed and numerical results are presented.
Wide-Supply-Range All-Digital Leakage Variation Sensor for On-Chip Process and Temperature Monitoring

Variation in process, voltage and temperature is a major obstacle in achieving energy-efficient operation of LSI. This paper proposes an all-digital on-chip circuit to monitor leakage current variations of both of the nMOSFET and pMOSFET independently. As leakage current is highly sensitive to threshold voltage and temperature, the circuit is suitable for tracking process and temperature variation. The circuit uses reconfigurable inhomogeneity to obtain statistical properties from a single monitor instance. A compact reconfigurable inverter topology is proposed to implement the monitor circuit. The compact and digital nature of the inverter enables cell-based design, which will reduce design costs. Measurement results from a 65 nm test chip show the validity of the proposed circuit. For a 124 sample size for both of the nMOSFET and pMOSFET, the monitor area is 4500 μm2 and active power consumption is 76 nW at 0.8 V operation. The proposed technique enables area-efficient and low-cost implementation thus can be used in product chips for applications such as dynamic energy and thermal management, testing and post-silicon tuning.
Volatility of the Banking Sector Stock Returns in Nigeria

This paper examines the nature of volatility of stock returns in the Nigerian banking sector using GARCH models. Individual bank indices and the All-share Index of the Nigerian Stock Exchange were evaluated for evidence of volatility persistence, volatility asymmetry and fat tails using data from 3rd January 2006 to 31st December 2012. Results obtained from GARCH models suggest that stock returns volatility of the Nigerian banking sector move in cluster and that volatility persistence is high for the sample period. The results also indicate that stock returns distribution of the banking sector is leptokurtic and that sign of the innovations have insignificant influence on the volatility of stock returns of the banks. Finally, the findings of this study show that the degree of volatility persistence is higher for the All Share Index than for most of the banks.
A wireless micro inertial measurement unit (IMU)

In this paper, we present a wireless micro inertial measurement unit (IMU) with the smallest volume and weight requirements available at the moment. With a size of 18mm × 16mm × 4 mm, this IMU provides full control over the data of a three-axis accelerometer, a three-axis gyroscope, and a three-axis magnetometer. It meets the design prerequisites of a space-saving design and eliminates the need of a hard-wired data communication while still being comparable to state of the art commercially available MEMS IMUs. A CC430 microcontroller sends the collected raw data to a base station wirelessly with a maximum sensor sample rate of 640 samples per second. Thereby, the IMU performance is optimized by moving data post processing to the base station. This development offers important features in embedded microsystem applications with their significant size and weight requirements.
New constraints on extensional tectonics and seismic hazard in northern Attica, Greece: the case of the Milesi Fault

Christoph Grützner,1,∗ Sascha Schneiderwind,1 Ioannis Papanikolaou,2,3 Georgios Deligiannakis,2 Aggelos Pallikarakis2 and Klaus Reicherter1 1Institute of Neotectonics and Natural Hazards, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4–20, D-52064 Aachen, Germany. E-mail: chg39@cam.ac. uk 2Laboratory Mineralogy Geology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athina 118 55, Greece 3UCL Hazard Research Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, WC 1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom
A hardware architecture for implementing protection rings

Protection of computations and information is an important aspect of a computer utility. In a system which uses segmentation as a memory addressing scheme, protection can be achieved in part by associating concentric rigns of decreasing access privilege with a computation. The mechanisms allow cross-ring calls and subsequent returns to occur without trapping to the supervisor. Automatic hardware validation of references across ring boundaries is also performed. Thus, a call by a user procedure to a protected subsystem (including the supervisor) is identical to a call to a companion user procedure. The mechanisms of passing and referencing arguments are the same in both cases as well.
Chebyshev polynomials, moment matching, and optimal estimation of the unseen

We consider the problem of estimating the support size of a discrete distribution whose minimum non-zero mass is at least $ \frac{1}{k}$. Under the independent sampling model, we show that the sample complexity, i.e., the minimal sample size to achieve an additive error of $\epsilon k$ with probability at least 0.1 is within universal constant factors of $ \frac{k}{\log k}\log^2\frac{1}{\epsilon} $, which improves the state-of-the-art result of $ \frac{k}{\epsilon^2 \log k} $ in \cite{VV13}. Similar characterization of the minimax risk is also obtained. Our procedure is a linear estimator based on the Chebyshev polynomial and its approximation-theoretic properties, which can be evaluated in $O(n+\log^2 k)$ time and attains the sample complexity within a factor of six asymptotically. The superiority of the proposed estimator in terms of accuracy, computational efficiency and scalability is demonstrated in a variety of synthetic and real datasets.
HOW OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE SUCCEEDS? A REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON SUCCESS OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

Abstract— Different aspects of Open Source Software (OSS) have been subject of many research in last decades. Among them many researchers have tried to adopt the pervasive literature of information systems success with this special kind of system development and its specific dimensions. On the other hand the question of success in the OSS development may cover all different aspects of OSS development and help managers and sponsors of OSS projects to evaluate and increase effectiveness of these projects. So drawing a full picture of related research may be beneficial in different ways. In this paper we try to make a systematic review of related literature in the field and specially pay attention to the measures of success, factors affecting the OSS success and research methods used in previous research. We discussed measures of success and determinants that affect success of OSS as well as methods used in related research and conclude with some points that may strengthen the quality of further work in the topic.
Smart Sensors Network for Air Quality Monitoring Applications

This paper presents a network for indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring. Each node is installed in a different room and includes tin dioxide sensor arrays connected to an acquisition and control system. The nodes are hardwired or wirelessly connected to a central monitoring unit. To increase the gas concentration measurement accuracy and to prevent false alarms, two gas sensor influence quantities, i.e., temperature and humidity, are also measured. Advanced processing based on multiple-input-single-output neural networks is implemented at the network sensing nodes to obtain temperature and humidity compensated gas concentration values. Anomalous operation of the network sensing nodes and power consumption are also discussed.
GC assertions: using the garbage collector to check heap properties

This paper introduces GC assertions, a system interface that programmers can use to check for errors, such as data structure invariant violations, and to diagnose performance problems, such as memory leaks. GC assertions are checked by the garbage collector, which is in a unique position to gather information and answer questions about the lifetime and connectivity of objects in the heap. By piggybacking on existing garbage collector computations, our system is able to check heap properties with very low overhead -- around 3% of total execution time -- low enough for use in a deployed setting. We introduce several kinds of GC assertions and describe how they are implemented in the collector. We also describe our reporting mechanism, which provides a complete path through the heap to the offending objects. We report results on both the performance of our system and the experience of using our assertions to find and repair errors in real-world programs.
Analysis of Power System Stability Enhancement by Static VAR Compensators

The paper presents a fundamental analysis of the application of static VAr compensators (SVC) for stabilizing power systems. Basic SVC control strategies are examined in terms of enhancing the dynamic and transient stabilities, improving tieline transmission capacity and damping power oscillations. Synchronizing and damping torque contributions of the SVC are determined for different controls. The analysis is supplemented by digital simulations for a simple practical example. Deficiencies of available control policies are demonstrated and a new concept, based on optimal control, is developed.
The Interaction of Mastalgia with Depression and Quality of Life in Turkish Women

1 Mehmet Ali Eryılmaz1, Celalettin Eroglu2, Kemal Arslan3, Yavuz Selvı4, Seher Civcik5 1Clinic of General Surgery and Early Diagnosis, Screen and Education Center of Cancer, Konya Education and Research Hospital, Konya, 2Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Kayseri, 3Konya Education and Research Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, Konya, 4Konya, Education and Research Hospital, Clinic of Psychiatry, Konya, 5Early Diagnosis, Screen and Education Center of Cancer, Konya, Turkey Mastaljinin Türk Kadınlarında Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi / Mastalgia, Quality of Life in Turkish Women The Interaction of Mastalgia with Depression and Quality of Life in Turkish Women
Hydrological Impacts of forest restoration in the southern United States

Landscape in the southern United States changed dramatically during the 1930s and the following decades when massive agriculture and abandoned logging lands were conversed to forest lands through natural restoration and plantation. The impacts of this forest restoration on hydrology were investigated using the National Center for Atmospheric Research regional climate model (RegCM) in this study. Simulations for Januarys and Julys of eight years were conducted with vegetation types before and after the forest conversion. The assemble results indicate overall precipitation decreases in summer and increases in winter, mainly caused by the reduction in the corresponding prevailing winds due to increased surface roughness after forest restoration. There is inter-annual variability with precipitation change, with summer precipitation overall decreased in 5 years, decreased but with small magnitude in 2 years, and increased in one year. Evapotranspiration, runoff and root-layer soil moisture increase in both seasons, which is closely related to the changes in vegetation and soil properties. Solar radiation increases due to smaller albedo, most of which is converted into sensible heat. Remarkable impacts are found in the surrounding areas of the conversion region, including large increases in summer precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff in the central Midwest. This is resulted from the change in the large-scale atmospheric circulation. The implications of the results for the projected vegetation changes due to the climate change and the planned tree planting project in the Southeast and other regions are discussed. KEY TERMS: forest restoration; hydrology; climate; regional modeling; southern U.S.
On producing sea ice deformation data sets from SAR-derived sea ice motion

Abstract. We propose a method to reduce the error generated when computing sea ice deformation fields from synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-derived sea ice motion. The method is based on two steps. The first step consists of using a triangulation of the positions taken from the sea ice trajectories to define a mesh on which a first estimate of sea ice deformation is computed. The second step consists of applying a specific smoother to the deformation field to reduce the artificial noise that arises along discontinuities in the sea ice motion field. This method is here applied to RADARSAT Geophysical Processor System (RGPS) sea ice trajectories having a temporal and spatial resolution of about 3 days and 10 km, respectively. From the comparison between unfiltered and filtered fields, we estimate that the artificial noise causes an overestimation of about 60% of opening and closing. The artificial noise also has a strong impact on the statistical distribution of the deformation and on the scaling exponents estimated with multifractal analysis. We also show that a similar noise is present in the deformation fields provided in the widely used four-point deformation RGPS data set. These findings may have serious implications for previous studies as the constant overestimation of the opening and closing could lead to a large overestimation of freezing in leads, salt rejection and sea ice ridging.
A Measure of Fairness: An Investigative Framework to Explore Perceptions of Fairness and Justice in a Real-Life Social Conflict

Conflicts or disagreements within communities have become commonplace where decisions concerning the allocation of natural resources must be made. Institutions responsible for governance and environmental decision-making frequently struggle to gain broad community and stakeholder approval for proposals concerning natural resources such as water allocation. At the centre of such complex problems are issues of equity and justice. Although there is a substantial body of research and theory on justice, much of this has been in the abstract or external to a social context. The lack of contextually applied justice research is recognized as a gap in environmental resource allocation research. Theories and constructs from several disciplines can be used to unravel the tangle of issues embedded within social problems. This paper outlines one such transdisciplinary research approach and provides an overview of its first application in the understanding of a real-life social conflict concerning the allocation of water for irrigation farming.
Geochronology and geochemistry of felsic xenoliths in lamprophyre dikes from the southeastern margin of the North China Craton: implications for the interleaving of the Dabie–Sulu orogenic crust

Lamprophyre dikes emplaced in a Jurassic granite at the southeastern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) carry different types of xenoliths. Here, we report a combined study of zircon U–Pb ages and whole-rock geochemistry of the xenoliths, as well as an Ar–Ar age of the lamprophyre, providing constraints on the sources of the magmatism and tectonic evolution in the southeastern margin of NCC. Phlogopite from the lamprophyre dike gave a 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 116.15 ± 0.33 Ma. The felsic xenoliths can be classified into three groups: monzogranite, banded biotite granitic gneiss, and garnet-bearing gneiss. The internal structures of zircons from the banded biotite granitic gneiss xenolith show complex growth patterns. The mantles of these zircons display low luminance with a concordant SHRIMP U–Pb age of 227 ± 10 Ma. The rims with lighter luminance provide a SHRIMP U–Pb age of 213 ± 10 Ma, both ages are identical within error and significantly different from the ages of the basement rocks in the surrounding Bengbu uplift. However, the age is identical to those of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the adjacent Dabie–Sulu orogen. In addition, zircon mantle domains of the banded biotite granitic gneiss xenolith have low Th/U ratios (>0.01) and flat HREE patterns ((Yb/Dy)n < 10), which suggest growth in an assemblage with garnet during HP metamorphism. The rim domains show very low Th/U ratios (<0.01) and steep HREE patterns ((Yb/Dy)n > 10), implying growth during exhumation in the absence of a garnet. Our studies show that the banded biotite gneiss represents vestiges of the subducted South China crust injected into or thrust below the North China Craton and provides constraints on the process of underthrusting in a continental collision zone, as well as the Mesozoic tectonic history of the southeastern margin of the NCC.