Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Initial Testing of the Multidimensional Cultural Humility Scale

Abstract This study describes the development and initial testing of the Multidimensional Cultural Humility Scale (MCHS), a counselor-report scale to measure a counselor’s cultural humility, with a sample of 861 participants. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal reliability coefficients revealed evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity and internal reliability of scores on the scale.
High morphological diversity of Amaranthus cruentus (Amaranthaceae) and its putative wild ancestor revealed by pistillate floral characterization in the proposed domestication center of origin

Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) is a widespread genus that includes noxious weeds, economically important species for food, forage, medicinals and ornamentals. Three species of Amaranthus have been cultivated for their grain in the world, i.e. A. hypochondriacus, A. caudatus, and A. cruentus. It has been postulated that A. cruentus was domesticated from the probable wild progenitor A. hybridus, and that the domestication event occurred between southern Mexico and Guatemala, the region where the Mayan civilization flourished. Morphological variation in this grain amaranth and its putative wild progenitor has been poorly documented, even though this area is a possible center of domestication of A. cruentus. Samples of A. cruentus, A. hybridus, hybrids between these two species and aberrant morphotypes collected were studied morphologically using multivariate statistical methods on pistillate floral characters to (1) assess the diversity of grain amaranth A. cruentus and its postulated wild progenitor A. hybridus in the proposed domestication center of origin, (2) test the hypothesis that some hybrids and aberrant morphotypes found in the region can be morphologically differentiated from A. hybridus and A. cruentus based on statistical analyses, and (3) test and review the diagnostic characters traditionally used for assessing species circumscription. Our results showed high morphological diversity for these two species in the study region, indicating differentiation of both species, apparently based primarily on hybridization. Morphological variants on flower, bract, sepal, seed, and fruit characters were significant for confirming and circumscribing species.
Nitrogen fertilizer value of cattle manure applied on soils originating from organic and conventional farming systems

En agriculture biologique, la nutrition azotee des plantes depend largement d'une utilisation efficace des engrais de ferme. L'objectif de ce travail etait d'evaluer dans une experience en pots l'aptitude de deux sols provenant d'un essai de longue duree, l'un cultive selon les regles de l'agriculture biologique et n'ayant recu que des engrais organiques (ORG) et l'autre cultive selon les regles de l'agriculture conventionnelle n'ayant recu que des engrais mineraux (MIN), a alimenter une culture de ray-grass italien apres des apports de NO 3 NH 4 , de feces avec/sans urine de bovin prealablement marques a 15 N. Le sol ORG est caracterise par une activite microbiologique plus elevee. Le prelevement d'azote par le ray-grass etait plus eleve d'environs 20 % pour le sol ORG que pour le sol MIN. Peu de differences furent observees entre ORG et MIN pour l'utilisation par la plante de l'azote issu des feces (17 a 22 % du N apporte), de l'urine (62 a 66 % du N apporte) et de l'engrais mineral (75 a 76 % du N apporte). L'augmentation du prelevement de N par le ray-grass dans le sol ORG s'explique donc par une plus grande mineralisation de l'azote du sol.
Multiparticle quantum plasmonics

Abstract A single photon can be coupled to collective charge oscillations at the interfaces between metals and dielectrics forming a single surface plasmon. The electromagnetic near-fields induced by single surface plasmons offer new degrees of freedom to perform an exquisite control of complex quantum dynamics. Remarkably, the control of quantum systems represents one of the most significant challenges in the field of quantum photonics. Recently, there has been an enormous interest in using plasmonic systems to control multiphoton dynamics in complex photonic circuits. In this review, we discuss recent advances that unveil novel routes to control multiparticle quantum systems composed of multiple photons and plasmons. We describe important properties that characterize optical multiparticle systems such as their statistical quantum fluctuations and correlations. In this regard, we discuss the role that photon-plasmon interactions play in the manipulation of these fundamental properties for multiparticle systems. We also review recent works that show novel platforms to manipulate many-body light-matter interactions. In this spirit, the foundations that will allow nonexperts to understand new perspectives in multiparticle quantum plasmonics are described. First, we discuss the quantum statistical fluctuations of the electromagnetic field as well as the fundamentals of plasmonics and its quantum properties. This discussion is followed by a brief treatment of the dynamics that characterize complex multiparticle interactions. We apply these ideas to describe quantum interactions in photonic-plasmonic multiparticle quantum systems. We summarize the state-of-the-art in quantum devices that rely on plasmonic interactions. The review is concluded with our perspective on the future applications and challenges in this burgeoning field.
Illustration of the Effects of Five Fungi on Acacia saligna Wood Organic Acids and Ultrastructure Alterations in Wood Cell Walls by HPLC and TEM Examinations

In the present study, Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L. Wendl. wood blocks with dimensions of 0.5 × 1 × 2 cm were inoculated with five molds (Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Alternaria tenuissima, Fusarium culmorum, and Trichoderma harzianum) and the changes in the organic acids (oxalic, citric, tartaric, succinic, glutaric, acetic, propionic, and butyric) of powdered wood were analyzed by HPLC. The effects of the five inoculated fungi on the alterations to the wood cell wall ultrastructures were examined by TEM. The wood became more acidic as it was inoculated with the studied fungi. From the HPLC analysis, the oxalic acid (293.34 µg/g o.d.) in the A. saligna, A. tenuissima (167.33 µg/g o.d.), and T. harzianum (245.01 µg/g o.d.) wood decreased, but it increased in the A. flavus (362.08 µg/g o.d.), A. niger (1202.53 µg/g o.d.), and F. culmorum (431.85 µg/g o.d.) inoculated wood. Citric acid was observed in the wood inoculated with A. flavus (110 µg/g o.d) and A. niger (2499.63 µg/g o.d). Tartaric (1150.98 µg/g o.d), acetic (2.04 µg/g o.d), and propionic (1.79 µg/g o.d) acids were found in the wood inoculated with A. niger. Butyric acid was found in small amounts. A loss of wood substances appeared as the electron-lucent increased in the middle lamella and the layers of the secondary wall. Within the secondary cell wall regions, checks and splits were also noted, which resulted from the effects of the acids on the carbohydrates, according to the fungus type and the acids. In conclusion, increasing the amount of organic acids in the wood samples through inoculation with fungi results in more degradations in the wood, especially in the wood inoculated with A. niger.
A deep learning-based smartphone app for real-time detection of five stages of diabetic retinopathy

This paper presents the real-time implementation of deep neural networks on smartphone platforms to detect and classify diabetic retinopathy from eye fundus images. This implementation is an extension of a previously reported implementation by considering all the five stages of diabetic retinopathy. Two deep neural networks are first trained, one for detecting four stages and the other to further classify the last stage into two more stages, based on the EyePACS and APTOS datasets fundus images and by using transfer learning. Then, it is shown how these trained networks are turned into a smartphone app, both Android and iOS versions, to process images captured by smartphone cameras in real-time. The app is designed in such a way that fundus images can be captured and processed in real-time by smartphones together with lens attachments that are commercially available. The developed real-time smartphone app provides a costeffective and widely accessible approach for conducting first-pass diabetic retinopathy eye exams in remote clinics or areas with limited access to fundus cameras and ophthalmologists.
Estimating animal density in three dimensions using capture‐frequency data from remote detectors

Remote detectors are being used increasingly often to study aquatic and aerial species, which move significantly differently from terrestrial species. Camera‐trapping studies have used frameworks based on animal movement patterns to show that a species’ detection frequency, along with movement speed and detector specifications, can be used to estimate absolute population density. This approach, however, has not yet been adapted to cases where movement is three‐dimensional. Here we adapt one such framework to three‐dimensional movement, to characterize the relationship between population density, animal speed, characteristics of a remote sensor's detection zone and detection frequency. The derivation involves defining the detection zone mathematically and calculating the mean area of the profile it presents to approaching individuals. We developed two variants of the model—one assuming random movement of all individuals, and one allowing for different probabilities for each approach direction (e.g. that animals more often swim/fly horizontally than vertically). We used computer simulations to evaluate model performance for a wide range of animal and detector densities. Simulations show that in ideal conditions the method approximates true density well, and that estimates become increasingly accurate using more detectors, or sampling for longer. Moreover the method is robust to violations of assumptions, accuracy is decreased only in extreme cases where all detectors are facing the same way. We provide equations for estimating population density from detection frequency and outline how to estimate the necessary parameters. We discuss how environmental variables and species‐specific characteristics affect parameter estimates and how to account for these differences in density estimations. Our method can be applied to common remote detection methods (cameras and acoustic detectors), which are currently being used to study a diversity of species and environments. Therefore, our work may significantly expand the number and diversity of species for which density can be estimated.
Bagworm decorations are an anti‐predatory structure

Many animals decorate their exterior with environmental materials, and these decorations are predicted to increase their survival. The adaptive significance of these decorations, however, has seldom been tested experimentally under field conditions. This study researched the anti‐predatory functions of the decoration (bag) of a bagworm moth, Eumeta crameri, against their natural predator, Oecophylla smaragdina, the Asian weaver ant. The study experimentally tested if bag removal from caterpillars resulted in more predation than bagged caterpillars under field conditions, which would support the hypothesis that bags are selected to protect the caterpillars against their predators. In support of the prediction, this study showed that caterpillars without a bag were attacked, killed, and taken to ants' nests significantly more than bagged caterpillars. The study provides rare experimental evidence for the anti‐predatory functions of the decoration under field conditions. This study suggests that decorating behaviour has evolved in animals as an anti‐predatory defence mechanism.
Oat Companion Crop Management in Alfalfa Establishment

Companion crops may compete with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings, but establishment with preemergence herbicides and without a companion crop may enhance the potential for soil erosion. Objectives of this study were to (i) compare alfalfa establishment techniques involving clipping or chemical control of weeds and (ii) determine differences in morphological development of alfalfa grown under several establishment techniques. Experiments were conducted at two locations in eastern South Dakota in 1989. Seven treatments included clipping the oat (Avena sativa L.) companion crop at boot stage, not clipping the oat, two treatments with oat sprayed with sethoxydim (2-[1-(ethoxyimino) butyll-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one) at either 5-(SE5) or 15-cm (SE15) of oat growth, clear seeding (CS), hand weeding (HW), and a control treatment with no weed control [. ]
Effect of organoclay loading on the dielectric properties and charge dynamics of a PP‐rubber nanocomposite

The addition of organoclay to a polypropylene-rubber (PP-rubber) blend, primarily introduced to compatibilise the immiscible polymer blend, invokes contrasting dielectric and charge dynamic behaviour depending on the filler loading level. The authors report that at 0.5 wt. % loading, the organoclay decreases the DC conductivity, causes no significant dielectric losses, makes no significant difference to the space charge results compared to the unfilled system, and increases the reproducibility of the breakdown strength results, and hence the reliability of the material. These somewhat surprising results, contrasted by measurements of samples with 2.5 and 5 wt. %, lead us to conclude that trace amounts of organoclay improve the otherwise immiscible polymer blend making organoclay a suitable additive for HVDC applications.
Miocene extensional tectonics explain ancient patterns of diversification among turret‐building tarantulas (Aphonopelma mojave group) in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts

Phylogeographical studies in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts often find genetic discontinuities that pre‐date the Pleistocene. A recent synthesis of phylogeographical data, called the Mojave Assembly Model, provides a hypothesis for the historical assembly of these desert biotas but does not adequately capture the complexity of pre‐Pleistocene vicariance events. We tested this model and assessed pre‐Pleistocene divergences by exploring the phylogeography of the Aphonopelma mojave group, which is composed of turret‐building tarantula species from the Mojave and Sonoran deserts.
Edge effects on epiphytic lichen diversity in the forest-steppe of the Kazakh Altai

Background: Forests in forest-steppe ecotones are usually highly fragmented and much of the forested area is exposed to climate and land-use-related edge effects. Aim: To test the hypothesis that the epiphytic lichen diversity at the forest edges was reduced compared with that in the forest interior, and to analyse lichen diversity in comparison with the more highly elevated and more continental Mongolian Altai. Methods: Six plots each in the interior and the edge with a total of 240 Larix sibirica trees were studied in the Katon-Karagai National Park, East Kazakhstan. Results: Species richness and evenness at the tree level were higher in the interior than at the edge. The epiphytic lichen diversity in the forest interior was similar in the Kazakh and Mongolian Altai, whereas that at the forest edge was lower in the Mongolian Altai. Conclusions: Strong degradation of the forest edges in the Kazakh Altai is the probable cause of the reduced epiphytic lichen diversity compared with the interior. The similar species richness in the forest interiors of the Kazakh and Mongolian Altai suggests that the differences at the forest edge are probably, at least partly, due to different land-use regimes and not to differences in macroclimate.
Morphological evaluation of the Drosera peltata complex (Droseraceae)

Abstract. A phenetic study of morphological characters of the Drosera peltata complex (Droseraceae) supports the recognition of the following taxa: D. peltata from wetlands of south-eastern Australia; D. auriculata from south-eastern Australia and New Zealand; the morphologically variable D. hookeri from south-eastern Australia and northern New Zealand; the widespread D. lunata from southern and South-East Asia, as well as northern and north-eastern Australia; and the new species D. yilgarnensis R.P.Gibson & B.J.Conn is here described, from around granite outcrops of south-western Australia. D. bicolor from south-western Australia is recognised as a distinct species outside of the D. peltata complex. D. insolita, considered until recently as a distinct species, is reduced to synonymy of D. lunata. Phenotypic plasticity, vegetative similarity and fleetingly produced diagnostic floral and seed characters within the complex pose significant challenges in understanding the taxonomy of these taxa.
Exploitation of wild annual Cicer species for widening the gene pool of chickpea cultivars

Introgression of unadapted genes from the wild Cicer species could contribute to the widening of genetic base of important traits such as yield, yield attributes and resistance to major biotic and abiotic stresses. An attempt was made successfully to intercross two wild annual Cicer species with three cultivated chickpea cultivars. Four interspecific cross-combinations were made, and their true hybridity was ascertained through morphological and molecular markers. These cross-combinations were also studied for some important quantitative traits under real field conditions. The range, mean and coefficient of variation of agro-morphological traits were assessed in the parental lines, their F1 and F2 generations to determine the extent of variability generated in cultivated chickpea varieties. A high level of heterosis was recorded for number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant in F1 generation. Three cross-combinations of ‘Pusa 1103’ × ILWC 46, ‘Pusa 256’ × ILWC 46 and ‘Pusa 256’ × ILWC 239 exhibited substantially higher variability for important yield-related traits. The present research findings indicate that these wild annual Cicer species can be easily exploited to broaden the genetic base of cultivated gene pool for improving seed yield as well as adaptation.
Digital Currency and Monetary Policy in the South African Economy: Praxis of Financial Dualism and Suggestion for Nigerians

The acceptance of digital currency transactions by many African countries seems to be relatively low to enhance a cashless economy spurs the need for this study. This study aims to identify the impact of digital currency operations and suggest Nigerians cashless policy management. The study tests the praxis of financial dualism for digital currency and monetary policy in the South African economy. The Market capitalization (Mcap) and Volume (Vol) of crypto-currency, and monetary policy rate (MPR) of fourth-month ending quarterly information were extracted from Central Bank Digital Currency and the South Africa Reserve Bank around April 2013 to December 2019. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root and the Autoregressive Distributive Lag tests were conducted. The ADF unit root test results were not stationary at level but became stationary at the first level difference. Furthermore, the results of the ARDL indicated no positive and significant relationships between Market Capitalization and Volume of crypto-currency and monetary policy in the South African economy. However, positive and significant relationships exist in monetary policy in the South African economy. The study then concluded that (Mcap) and (Vol) of digital currency did not constitute the significant variables of policy to influence the monetary policies in the South African economy, hence they operate independently. The study then concluded that a decision to adopt and regulate digital currency operation or not in Nigeria does not affect. The study, therefore, recommends the Nigerian to embrace the digital environment in terms of regulations for tax advantage.
Growth and Survival of Catfish ( Clarias anguillaris ) Juveniles Fed Live Tilapia and Maggot as Unconventional Diets

Juveniles of catfish, Clarias anguillaris (mean weight, 119.8g) were fed unconventional diets for ten weeks in outdoor hapas (net cages, 1m3 dimension) and the growth responses and feed utilization by the juveniles were compared. The experimental diets were (i) live maggots, (ii) live tilapia fry, (iii) commercial catfish feed (NIFFR catfish artificial feed of 40% crude protein content) as control, (iv) live maggot + NIFFR catfish feed, (v) live tilapia + NIFFR catfish feed. The diets were fed at 3% of fish body weight per day. Feeding was twice daily, morning (08.00 – 09.00 h) and evening (17.00 – 18.00 h). The greatest increase in body weight (99.7 g) was achieved with Diet IV (maggot + artificial feed) followed by Diet I where maggot was fed exclusively (77.5 g). The least increase in body weight (57.5g) was realised with Diet III (artificial feed alone). Similarly, the best Specific Growth Rate (0.87% wet wt. day-1) was obtained with Diet IV followed by Diet I with 0.68%. The NIFFR catfish feed gave the least SGR (0.60%). The general well-being and robustness of the fish expressed by the condition factor (K) was also best with Diet IV. Diet IV was also the most economical diet in terms of the relative cost of feed per unit of fish weight gain with only N0.45 diet per gram of weight gain. Tilapia diet was the most expensive (N 9.50/g wt.gain). The reason for the superior performance of Diet IV was not obvious from this experiment, but the combination of maggot with artificial feed might have formed a better balanced diet for the juvenile catfish. The use of live maggot to supplement artificial feed in catfish production farms is therefore, highly recommended. Key words : Unconventional diets, Maggot, tilapia fry, Clarias anguillaris. Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol.18(1) 2003: 47-52
Intermolecular [4+2]-cycloaddition reaction to biotransform morachalcone A into kuwanon J, catalyzed by Diels-Alderase from a root culture of Morus alba var. shalun ( M. shalun )

Morus is one of the main genera of the Moraceae family and widely cultivated in Southeast Asia for silkworm feeding. This genus also produces valuable bioactive phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, stilbenes, 2-arylbenzofurans, and Diels-Alder adducts. Previous phytochemical investigation of Morus shalun reported the Diels-Alder adducts as the mayor phenolic compounds isolated from root cultures. The Diels-Alder adduct is considered formed by the intermolecular [4+2]-cycloaddition between a diene of dehydroprenyl phenol with a dienophile of the α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group of a chalcone. This reaction in plant tissues is naturally catalyzed by the enzyme Diels-Alderase. The experiment was designed to determine the existence of Diels-Alderase isolated from a root culture of M. shalun by evaluating its activity in the biotransformation process of morachalcone A to produce kuwanon J. Biotransformation was detected using HPLC and LCMS. Kuwanon J showed significantly higher cytotoxic activities against the three human cancer cell lines HeLa, A459, and MCF7 compared with morachalcone A.