Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I’m having a Spring Clear Out: A Corpus-based Analysis of e-transactional Discourse

The focus of this paper is on characterizing patterns of language use in online auction sites (the ‘e-marketplace’), with a specific focus on the language used in product descriptions listed on eBay. Through a corpus-based based analysis of a sub-corpus of a 6.3-million-word corpus of eBay data, the authors aim to gain a better understanding of variance in descriptions, depending on two key factors: seller experience and item condition (a high number of ‘new’ listings for a particular seller is likely to be a sign of a more experienced seller). This paper describes the methods and approaches used to construct the eBay corpus and provides a detailed analysis of a sub-corpus of data as a means of identifying some of the key transactional and interactional features found in this genre of discourse.
Mechanism of matrix accumulation and glomerulosclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Background Renal interstitial fibrosis and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane are associated with hypertension. However, the mechanism of matrix accumulation is unclear. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) develop hypertension at between 2 and 6 weeks of age. Methods To test the hypothesis that increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) contribute to the pathomechanisms of hypertensive nephropathy, the cortex and medulla of male SHR at 2 and 6 weeks were analyzed for MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 by gelatin and elastin gel zymography. The levels of TIMP-4 were measured by western blot analysis. The bands in blots were scanned and normalized with actin. To localize MMP-2 and TIMP-4 in situ, immuno-labeling was performed. To determine proteinuresis, urinary protein was measured by Bio-Rad dye binding assay. The mean arterial pressure (mmHg) was measured in Inactin-anesthetized rats by a PE-50 catheter in the femoral artery. Age-sex matched normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) were used as controls and grouped: (1) SHR, 2 weeks; (2) SHR, 6 weeks; (3) NWR, 2 weeks; and (4) NWR, 6 weeks (n = 6 in each group). Results Levels of cortex MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased in 6 week SHR as compared with NWR. In the medulla, MMP-9 and MMP-7 were increased, but there was no change in MMP-2. The levels of cortex TIMP-4 tended to increase but insignificantly. In contrast, there were significant increases in the levels of TIMP-4 in the medulla of 6 week SHR as compared with 2 week SHR or NWR. In addition, there were substantial elastinolytic activity in the cortex of 6 week SHR. The in situ labeling suggested no TIMP-4 in the glomeruli. There was substantial TIMP-4 in the epithelial layer of tubules. The levels of fibrotic collagen were significantly higher in both the glomeruli and tubular interstitium. Urinary protein excretion was increased significantly in 6 week SHR when compared with other groups. The mean arterial pressure was 1.6-fold higher in 6 week SHR than in controls. Conclusion These results suggest that increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity contributes to glomerular injury and hypertensive remodeling. The increased levels of TIMP-4 in the medulla may inhibit the collagenolytic activity of MMP but is unable to inhibit the elastinolytic activity. An important role of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-4 in hypertensive remodeling of the cortex and medulla in the SHR is demonstrated.
Bacteremia due to periodontal probing: a clinical and microbiological investigation.

BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis can occur in susceptible individuals due to bacteremia of oral origin. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of bacteremia caused by full mouth periodontal probing. METHODS Forty patients, 20 with adult periodontitis (10 males, 10 females; mean age 43.0 years) and 20 with chronic gingivitis (11 males, 9 females; mean age 35.5 years) were investigated. Prior to and immediately following periodontal probing, 20 mL of venous blood were obtained from each patient and inoculated into aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles and incubated. Negative bottles were monitored continuously for 3 weeks before being discarded. Bottles which signalled positive were subcultured and isolates identified to genus level. Periodontal probing consisted of measuring pockets at 6 points around each tooth and recording the presence or absence of bleeding. A plaque index (PI) was assessed on the 6 Ramfjord teeth. RESULTS Probing caused bacteremia of oral origin in 8 (40%) of the periodontitis patients and 2 (10%) of the gingivitis patients. Streptococcus spp. were the most common isolates in both groups. Compared with the gingivitis group the odds ratio (OR) for bacteremia in the periodontitis group was 5.993 (95% CI 1.081 to 33.215). Bleeding on probing (OR 1.025, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.047) and mean probing depth per tooth (OR 1.444, 95% CI 1.055 to 1.977) were significantly associated with bacteremia. No significant correlations were found between bacteremia and age, number of teeth probed, smoking status, PI, or total probing depth. CONCLUSIONS Patients with untreated adult periodontitis are at greater risk of bacteremia due to periodontal probing than patients with chronic gingivitis. For individuals at risk of infective endocarditis, radiographic assessment prior to periodontal probing would be advisable to identify those with periodontitis so that appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis can be provided.
Reduced State M-ary Iterative Channel and Data Estimation without Prefilter using Proportionate Algorithm

The technique presented here improves a previously proposed iterative channel data estimation (ICDE) technique in M-ary data transmission over time-variant frequency selective channels by using a proportionate sample adaptive filter for channel tracking on a per-survivor processing (PSP) basis. Henceforth, we call the approach using proportionate algorithm P-ICDE. The data detector is a simple M-algorithm with extended metric calculation that minimizes the expectation of the Euclidian distance between received signal and convolution of channel and data hypotheses. For low velocities, the technique can work with an initial channel estimate as data detector only, simply as M- algorithm with extended metric. Known techniques, such as delayed decision feedback sequence estimation (DDFSE), optionally with reduced state sequence estimation (RSSE) or adaptive state allocation (ASA), for comparison, reduce the complexity of the Viterbi detector by shortening of the channel impulse response or applying decision feedback on the trellis. In order to keep the performance loss low, a minimum-phase overall impulse response, achieved by an allpass approximating front-end prefilter (FEP), is crucial for these techniques. Our detector, however, works without FEP, which, if block adapted, would lead to severe degradation in fast fading. The detector can work with 3-5 states only, depending on the quality of the channel estimates, the multipath profile of the channel and the symbol constellation.
A New Liquid Homogeneous Assay for HDL Cholesterol Determination Evaluated in Seven Laboratories in Europe and the United States

Abstract We evaluated a new liquid homogeneous assay for the direct measurement of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C Plus) in seven laboratories. The assay includes two reagents which can be readily used in most available clinical chemistry analyzers. The total CVs of the new method were below 4.6% and the bias in relation to the designated comparison method was below 3.9%. The total error ranged between 4 to 7%. HDL-C values determined by this method were in good agreement with those obtained by the old homogeneous assay using lyophilized reagents, and other homogeneous and precipitation assays (0.944 < r < 0.996). The assay was linear up to at least 3.89 mmol/l HDL-C. Hemoglobin did not interfere, whereas in icteric samples slight deviations were observed. Lipemia up to 11.3 to 22.6 mmol/l triglycerides did not interfere with this homogeneous HDL-C assay. In samples of patients with paraproteinemia, discrepant results were seen. This liquid homogeneous HDL-C assay was easy to handle and produced similar results in all laboratories participating in this study. This method will enable clinical laboratories to reliably measure HDL-C for risk assessment of coronary heart disease.
Metabolic Fate of Jasmonates in Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 Cells1

Jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate play an essential role in plant defense responses and pollen development. Their levels are temporarily and spatially controlled in plant tissue. However, whereas jasmonate biosynthesis is well studied, metabolic pathways downstream of jasmonic acid are less understood. We studied the uptake and metabolism of jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 suspension culture. We found that upon uptake, jasmonic acid was metabolized to its Glc and gentiobiose esters, and hydroxylation at C-11 or C-12 occurred. Free hydroxylated jasmonates were the preferential fraction of the culture medium. Upon hydrolysis of methyl jasmonate to jasmonic acid, a similar set of conversions occurs. In contrast to jasmonic acid, none of its derivatives interfere with the G2/M transition in synchronized tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells.
Patterns of deep seismicity reflect buoyancy stresses due to phase transitions

Thermal perturbation of mantle phase relations in subduction zones gives rise to significant buoyancy anomalies. Finite element modeling of stresses arising from these anomalies reveals transition from principal tension to compression near ∼400 km depth, down‐dip compression over ∼400–690 km (peaking at ∼550 km), and transition to rapidly fading tension below ∼690 km. Such features, even when complicated by olivine metastability, are consistent with observed patterns of deep seismicity. That such a simple model, neglecting all effects other than buoyancy anomalies due to temperature and to thermal perturbation of olivine phase relations, successfully generates so many observed features of deep seismicity suggests that these buoyancy anomalies are significant contributors to the stress field in subducting slabs. It also suggests that the depth distribution of deep seismicity may largely reflect the state of stress in the slab rather than simply a particular mechanism of stress release.
Determination of bathymetry using marine radar images of waves

This paper illustrates a method of calculating bathymetric maps of shallow water areas (<20m depth) using an analysis of wave properties determined from an analysis of marine radar image sequences of waves. Water depths determined using this corrected for tidal variation in water level are compared quantitatively to conventional surveys. Two case studies are shown from the COAST3D project field sites at Egmond aan Zee in the Netherlands and at Teignmouth in the United Kingdom.
Morphology of developing olfactory axons in the olfactory bulb of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A Golgi study

Transient expression of axon collaterals plays an important role in enabling neurons to find appropriate targets during development. In the olfactory bulb, the numbers of both sensory neurons and their targets, the glomeruli , increase markedly during the postnatal period. In the present study, the morphology of developing olfactory axons in the olfactory bulb of 1–21‐day‐old rabbits was analyzed using stereological methods and the rapid Golgi technique. The findings demonstrated a change in axon morphology from the olfactory nerve layer to the glomeruli suggestive of a sequence in axon development. In the olfactory nerve layer , axons typically had knob‐like growth cones and a few collateral branches. Close to glomeruli, axons increased in thickness, formed rather complex and irregular growth cones, and typically gave off many collaterals. Within glomeruli, the axons formed terminal branches and boutons. Extraglomerular branches were apparently removed once axons had entered a glomerulus, insofar as these branches often displayed morphological signs of degeneration. In contrast, collateral branches ending in the same glomerulus remained, indicating that formation of collaterals may assist olfactory axons in locating glomerular targets. J. Comp. Neurol. 426:68–80, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Improved Name Disambiguation Method Based on Atom Cluster

An improved name disambiguation method based on atom cluster. Aiming at the method of character-related properties of similarity based on information extraction depends on the character information, a new name disambiguation method is proposed, and improved k-means algorism for name disambiguation is proposed in this paper. The cluster analysis cluster is introduced to the name disambiguation process. Experiment results show that the proposed method having the high implementation efficiency and can distinguish the different people with the same name.
Race/Ethnicity and Gender Differences in Drug Use and Abuse Among College Students

SUMMARY This study examines race/ethnicity and gender differences in drug use and abuse for substances other than alcohol among undergraduate college students. A probability-based sample of 4,580 undergraduate students at a Midwestern research university completed a cross-sectional Web-based questionnaire that included demographic information and several substance use measures. Male students were generally more likely to report drug use and abuse than female students. Hispanic and White students were more likely to report drug use and abuse than Asian and African American students prior to coming to college and during college. The findings of the present study reveal several important racial/ethnic differences in drug use and abuse that need to be considered when developing collegiate drug prevention and intervention efforts.
l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in the Intrastriatal 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson's Disease: Relation to Motor and Cellular Parameters of Nigrostriatal Function

In order to assess the role of striatal dopamine (DA) afferents in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, we have studied a large series of rats sustaining 2, 3, or 4 unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the lateral striatum. This type of lesion produced a dose-dependent depletion of DA fibers in the caudate-putamen, which was most pronounced in the lateral aspects of this structure. An additional group of rats was injected with 6-OHDA in the medial forebrain bundle to obtain complete DA denervation on one side of the brain. During a course of chronic L-DOPA treatment, rats with intrastriatal 6-OHDA lesions developed abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), which mapped onto striatal domains exhibiting at least approximately 90% denervation, as judged by DA transporter autoradiography. The denervated areas showed local upregulation of preproenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA, and FosB-like immunoreactivity, which were highly correlated with the rats' AIM scores. When compared to completely DA-denervated animals, the rats with intrastriatal 6-OHDA lesions showed an overall lower incidence, lower severity and different topographic distribution of AIMs. The involvement of proximal limb and axial muscles in the abnormal movements was proportional to the spreading of the lesion from lateral towards medial aspects of the caudate-putamen. Locomotive AIMs were only seen in rats with complete lesions, but not in any of the animals with intrastriatal 6-OHDA (which showed > 5% DA fiber sparing in the medial striatum). Intrastriatally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats had a larger therapeutic window for L-DOPA than did rats with complete bundle lesions, since they exhibited an overall lower predisposition to dyskinesia but a similar degree of drug-induced motor improvement in a test of forelimb stepping. Our results are the first to demonstrate that selective and partial DA denervation in the sensorimotor part of the striatum can confer cellular and behavioral supersensitivity to L-DOPA, and that the phenomenology of L-DOPA-induced rat AIMs can be accounted for by the topography of DA denervation within the caudate-putamen.
TPC: An automatically generated comprehensive English-Persian parallel corpus

Nowadays; Parallel corpus is one of the most important resources which can be employed in different researches such as machine translation, bilingual lexicography, and linguistics. This paper describes the process of building a large-scale (about 400, 000 sentence pairs) English-Persian parallel corpus called Tehran Parallel Corpus (TPC). The aim of study is to introduce the structure and explain the materials utilized for constructing TPC. In addition, some useful tools developed within the project have been introduced and three sorts of the statistical machine translation systems trained by TPC have been considered. In order to develop a high quality parallel corpus, unsure alignments recognized via a MaxEnt classifier have been eliminated from the corpus. As an intrinsic evaluation, 1,600 sentence pairs are elicited randomly and compared manually with a gold standard test set. As an extrinsic evaluation, three Phrase-based SMT systems, which is trained by TPC are incorporated. The results demonstrate the superiority of our translator systems over English to Persian Google translator system in term of BLEU and TER metrics.
Corrosion and Fatigue Monitoring for Surface Transport Products

Beside human errors, technical degradation processes like corrosion and fatigue cracks are the most common reasons for structural failures of surface transport products like ships, road tankers and railway tank cars. To avoid the failure of these structures, it would be necessary to detect and identify evolving defects on time and thus enable appropriate repair works. This is only possible by structure monitoring. A real time monitoring to detect cracks as well as corrosion would only be possible with Acoustic Emission (AE). The application of Acoustic Emission Testing (AT), was adapted for specific needs and was embedded in clear application rules for monitoring, follow-up, preventive inspection and maintenance for each type of the considered transport products. The results of the pre-tests and on-board tests performed during shipping operations of trucks, railway cars and ships will be shown. Finally the specific, intrinsically safe equipment including sensors will be presented. Key-words: acoustic emission testing (AT), monitoring vs. inspection, surface transport products (ship, trucks and railway cars), intrinsically safe equipment
Normalization of Endothelial and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Brain Microvessels of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Inhibition

Inhibition of angiotensin II AT1 receptors protects against stroke, reducing the cerebral blood flow decrease in the periphery of the ischemic lesion. To clarify the mechanism, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were pretreated with the AT1 receptor antagonist candesartan (0.3 mg · kg−1 · d−1) for 28 days, a treatment identical to that which protected SHR from brain ischemia, and the authors studied middle cerebral artery (MCA) and common carotid morphology, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein expression in cerebral microvessels, principal arteries of the Willis polygon, and common carotid artery. The MCA and common carotid artery of SHR exhibited inward eutrophic remodeling, with decreased lumen diameter and increased media thickness when compared with WKY rats. In addition, there was decreased eNOS and increased iNOS protein and mRNA in common carotid artery, circle of Willis, and brain microvessels of SHR when compared with WKY rats. Both remodeling and alterations in eNOS and iNOS expression in SHR were completely reversed by long-term AT1 receptor inhibition. The hemodynamic, morphologic, and biochemical alterations in hypertension associated with increased vulnerability to brain ischemia are fully reversed by AT1 receptor blockade, indicating that AT1 receptor activation is crucial for the maintenance of the pathologic alterations in cerebrovascular circulation during hypertension, and that their blockade may be of therapeutic advantage.
PERTURBATION OF β1 INTEGRIN FUNCTION USING ANTI‐SENSE OR FUNCTION‐BLOCKING ANTIBODIES ON CORNEAL CELLS GROWN ON FIBRONECTIN AND TENASCIN

During corneal development, neural crest derivatives from the periocular mesenchyme migrate into the cornea and differentiate into corneal fibroblasts. During this time, these cells interact with a variety of extracellular matrices for proper orientation and development. In the present studies, we have examined the interaction of β1 integrins on periocular mesenchyme cells (POM) and corneal fibroblasts (CF) with fibronectin and tenascin by perturbing the function of this integrin. POM and CF attached and spread to a much greater extent on fibronectin than on tenascin. An antibody against β1 integrin, CSAT, decreased spreading and attachment, and resulted in a lack of immuno‐detectable β1 integrin in focal adhesions on fibronectin; few β1 positive focal adhesions were observed in cells grown on tenascin. An anti‐sense retroviral construct decreased endogenous levels of β1 integrin protein, and caused decreased attachment and spreading as well as sparse, disorganized focal adhesions. These data indicate that in vitro, both POM and CF have β1 integrins that interact with fibronectin and allow them to attach and spread, while tenascin is anti‐adhesive. Further studies using both of these experimental paradigms will clarify whether these interactions also occur in vivo.
EXPLORING THE PAST AND IMPENDING FUTURE IN THE HERE AND NOW : MIND-WANDERING IN THE DEFAULT STATE

Although mind-wandering is a ubiquitous psychological phenomenon, little is known about the neural operations that support this core feature of human cognition. Using a combination of behavioral and functional brain imaging (fMRI) methods, the current investigation demonstrates that recruitment of circumscribed regions of the default network – cortical areas that are active during unconstrained cognitive periods – depends on people’s proclivity for reflecting on events from the distant past or impending future while mindwandering. The present results reveal that whereas medial temporal regions (e.g., parahippocampal cortex) are recruited when the mind wanders to memories of past episodes, areas involved in propsection (e.g., frontal polar and hippocampal) are active when mind-wandering centers on future events. Consistent with recent findings, there is some overlap between the cortical regions involved in thinking about the past and the future. The significance of spontaneous self-projection in time is considered.