Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UAV Group Formation Collision Avoidance Method Based on Second-Order Consensus Algorithm and Improved Artificial Potential Field

The problem of collision avoidance of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) group is studied in this paper. A collision avoidance method of UAV group formation based on second-order consensus algorithm and improved artificial potential field is proposed. Based on the method, the UAV group can form a predetermined formation from any initial state and fly to the target position in normal flight, and can avoid collision according to the improved smooth artificial potential field method when encountering an obstacle. The UAV group adopts the “leader–follower” strategy, that is, the leader UAV is the controller and flies independently according to the mission requirements, while the follower UAV follows the leader UAV based on the second-order consensus algorithm and formations gradually form during the flight. Based on the second-order consensus algorithm, the UAV group can achieve formation maintenance easily and the Laplacian matrix used in the algorithm is symmetric for an undirected graph. In the process of obstacle avoidance, the improved artificial potential field method can solve the jitter problem that the traditional artificial potential field method causes for the UAV and avoids violent jitter. Finally, simulation experiments of two scenarios were designed to verify the collision avoidance effect and formation retention effect of static obstacles and dynamic obstacles while the two UAV groups fly in opposite symmetry in the dynamic obstacle scenario. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Attention Sequence Tagger CRF Clause Embedding Word-to-Clause Encoder Word Embeddings in Clause

The biomedical scientific literature comprises a crucial, sometimes life-saving, natural language resource whose size is accelerating over time. The information in this resource tends to follow a style of discourse that is intended to provide scientific explanations for various pieces of evidence derived from experimental findings. Studying the rhetorical structure of the narrative discourse could enable more powerful information extraction methods to automatically construct models of scientific argument from full-text papers. In this paper, we apply richly contextualized deep representation learning to the analysis of scientific discourse structures as a clause-tagging task. We improve the current state-of-the-art clauselevel sequence tagging over text clauses for a set of discourse types (e.g. “hypothesis”, “result”, “implication”, etc.) on scientific paragraphs. Our model uses contextualized embeddings, word-to-clause encoder, and clauselevel sequence tagging models and achieves F1 performance of 0.784.
Wave Digital Filter Adaptors for Arbitrary Topologies and Multiport Linear Elements

We present a Modiﬁed-Nodal-Analysis-derived method for devel-oping Wave Digital Filter (WDF) adaptors corresponding to complicated (non-series/parallel) topologies that may include multiport linear elements (e.g. controlled sources and transformers). A second method resolves noncomputable (non-tree-like) arrangements of series/parallel adaptors. As with the familiar 3-port series and parallel adaptors, one port of each derived adaptor may be rendered reﬂection-free, making it acceptable for inclusion in a standard WDF tree. With these techniques, the class of acceptable reference circuits for WDF modeling is greatly expanded. This is demonstrated by case studies on circuits which were previously intractable with WDF methods: the Bassman tone stack and Tube Screamer tone/volume stage.
Duration Patterns in Finnmark North Sámi Quantity

We investigate the phonetic realization of a rare ternary quantity contrast in an endangered FinnoUgric language, Finnmark North Sámi, and its Western and Eastern dialects. Its speakers frequently use majority language, Finnish or Norwegian. The three-way quantity contrast is assumed to be realized by a progressive lengthening of a consonant and a compensatory shortening of the previous vowel. We evaluate this assumption and compare the durational patterns between the two dialects, as well as possible influences of the majority languages. We analyze durational patterns in material spoken by 10 native North Sámi speakers, varying in both dialectal and majority language background. The contrast between the short and the two longer quantities was realized regardless of the dialect and majority language influences. However, the durational differences between the two longer quantities are significantly greater for the Eastern dialect and the speakers from Finland compared to the Western dialect and the Norwegians.
MaharajaMacFS A scale-out HDFS-compatible file system built over the FlexLog

The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) [8] is limited in the scalability of both transaction throughput and number of files by its single-node metadata service. The current version of HDFS relies on a federated structure to avoid this bottleneck, but it is usually extremely inconvenient and often times inefficient to have files divided across name spaces. This paper presents a solution to that problem in the form of a scale-out HDFS-compatible file system called MaharajaMacFS. MaharajaMacFS consists of a fat-client file system library operating over the FlexLog, a novel distributed metadata store from the Yale Distributed Systems Group, and Apache Cassandra [6], the open source distributed NoSQL database. Some inconclusive preliminary results from tests on Amazon Web Services Elastic Cloud Compute (AWS EC2) are discussed.
Handbook of pharmaceutical biotechnology

* About the Editors * Contributors * Chapter 1. Introduction to Biotechnology * Delivery of Recombinant DNA into Expression Vectors * Host or Expression Cells * Development of Recombinant Protein * Hybridoma Technology * Chimerization Process * Chapter 2. Monoclonal Antibodies * Introduction * Abciximab (Reopro(R)) * Muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone(R)) * Basiliximab (Simulect(R)) * Daclizumab (Zenapax(R)) * Rituximab (Rituxan(R)) * Trastuzumab (Herceptin(R)) * Palivizumab (Synagis(R)) * Chapter 3. Clotting Factors * Introduction * Recombinant Factor VIII (NovoSeven(R)) * Factor VIII * Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) (Recombinate(t)) * Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) (Kogenate(R)) * Recombinant, B-Domain Deleted Factor VIII, r-FVIII SQ (Refacto(R)) * Factor IX rFIX (Benefix(R)) * Chapter 4. Enzymes and Regulators of Enzyme Activity * Introduction * Alteplase (Activase(R)) * Reteplase (Retavase(R)) * Lanoteplase * Tenecteplase * Dornase Alfa (Pulmozyme(R)) * Chapter 5. Cytokines (Stan G. Louie and Parul Patel) * Introduction * Interleukin 2 * Interleukin-11 * Interferons * Colony-Stimulating Factors * Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB * Chapter 6. Anticytokines * Introduction * Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist * Tumor Necrosis Factor Soluble Receptor * TNF- Soluble Receptor p55-IgG1 Fusion Protein * Chapter 7. Oligonucleotide and Gene Therapy * Introduction * Oligonucleotide Therapy * ras-Antisense Therapy * Gene Delivery Systems * Current Strategies for Cancer Gene Therapy * Clinical Trials with Gene Therapy * Conclusion * Index * Reference Notes Included
Improved Deep Duel Model for Rescoring N-Best Speech Recognition List Using Backward LSTMLM and Ensemble Encoders

We have proposed a neural network (NN) model called a deep duel model (DDM) for rescoring N -best speech recognition hypothesis lists. A DDM is composed of a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based encoder followed by a fully-connected linear layer-based binary-class classifier. Given the feature vector sequences of two hypotheses in an N -best list, the DDM encodes the features and selects the hypothesis that has the lower word error rate (WER) based on the output binary-class probabilities. By repeating this one-on-one hypothesis comparison (duel) for each hypothesis pair in the N -best list, we can find the oracle (lowest WER) hypothesis as the survivor of the duels. We showed that the DDM can exploit the score provided by a forward LSTM-based recurrent NN language model (LSTMLM) as an additional feature to accurately select the hypotheses. In this study, we further improve the selection performance by introducing two modifications, i.e. adding the score provided by a backward LSTMLM, which uses succeeding words to predict the current word, and employing ensemble encoders, which have a high feature encoding capability. By combining these two modifications, our DDM achieves an over 10% relative WER reduction from a strong baseline obtained using both the forward and backward LSTMLMs.
The nexus between unemployment rate and shadow economy: A comparative analysis of developed and developing countries using a simultaneous-equation model

This paper studies the effects and causal links between the shadow economy and the unemployment rate using a dynamic simultaneous-equation panel data model for 38 developing and 40 developed countries over the 2000−2015 period. The analysis suggests that there is a unidirectional and negative causality running from the unemployment rate to the shadow economy in the developing countries. However, in the developed countries, there is a bidirectional and negative causal relationship between the shadow economy and unemployment rate. The sensitivity of the results makes the authors realize that institutional quality interacts strongly with the relationship between the shadow economy and the unemployment rate. In countries with a good institutional quality, the unemployment rate is associated with a weak informal economy, whereas in countries with low institutional quality, it strongly drives the informal economy.
Inter- and intra-species leaf trait variability in a planted rainforest in Yangambi (D.R. Congo)

iii LIST OF FIGURES . iv LIST OF TABLES . v LIST OF ACRONYMS . vii TABLE OF CONTENTS . viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Problem statement . 3 1.3 Research objectives . 3 1.4 Research hypotheses . 4 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 5 2.1 Importance of forest ecosystems . 5 2.2 Structure and distribution of the world’s forests . 5 2.2.1 Structure. 6 2.2.2 Distribution . 6 2.3 The Congolese forest . 7 2.4 Plant functional traits . 8 2.4. 1 Key plant functional traits often measured in trait based ecology approach . 8 2.4. 1.1 Whole plant traits . 9 2.4. 1.2 Wood traits . 11 2.4. 1.3 Leaf traits . 11 2.4. 2 Dimensionality of plant functional traits . 15 2.4. 3 Intraspecific variability of plant functional traits . 18 2.4. 3.1 Sources of intra-specific plant trait variability. 20 2.4. 3.2 Structure of intra-specific plant trait variability . 20 2.4. 3.3 Magnitude of intra-specific plant trait variability . 21 CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS . 23
The Effect of Recycled Aggregates on Creep Behavior of Structural Concrete : Gaza Strip a Case Study

The huge amounts of demolition debris (DD) in Gaza Strip cause environmental, social and economical problems. The socio-economic development in Gaza Strip is also threatened by the depletion of natural aggregates. Such conditions necessitate the use of demolition debris waste (DDW) as aggregates in new concrete mixes. Concrete cylindrical specimens of 250 kg/cm characteristic strength made of DD were tested to determine the creep behavior of that concrete. The main variables were the type and percent of replacement of demolition debris aggregates in its saturated surface dry conditions. The study concluded that concrete with natural sand and RA1 (recycled coarse aggregate from crushed concrete fragments only) provided 32.8% higher creep strain than that of natural aggregate concrete while concrete with recycled fine aggregate and RA1 provided 79% higher strain than that of natural aggregate concrete. In addition, concrete with recycled fine aggregates and RA2 (recycled coarse aggregate from all crushed demolition fragments) provided 118% higher creep strain compared to natural aggregate concrete __________________________________________________________________________________________
Using eye movements to track the spread of semantic activation during spoken word recognition

Evidence from cross-modal semantic priming studies suggests that presenting just the beginning of a prime word can be enough to activate a semantically related target word (e.g., Marslen-Wilson, 1987; Zwitserlood, 1989; Moss et al., 1997). For example, when subjects are primed auditorily with just the "silv" of "silver", lexical decisions on "bronze" (presented visually at the offset of "silv") are speeded. The advantage of using cross-modal semantic priming is that it makes it possible to measure the activation of a word semantically related to the prime before the offset of the prime. However, it is laborious to obtain time course information, as only one temporal point can be tested on any given trial. It is also somewhat unnatural because it requires the prime to be cut off before its offset (this may encourage subjects to place artificially heavy weight on phonological information available at the beginnings of words see Allopenna et al., 1998). Furthermore, it requires subjects to make a metalinguistic judgement about the target, making it difficult to use the technique with very young or impaired populations. Recent studies measuring eye movements in response to spoken instructions have generated data consistent with measures from reaction time studies. In particular, Allopenna et al., (1998) and Tanenhaus et al., (2000) have argued that there is a direct relationship between eye movements and patterns of lexical activation. If this is true, eye movements should reflect the activation of words semantically related to a given spoken word. We have found preliminary evidence that they do. Twenty four subjects were shown an array of four pictures and instructed to point to one of them (the "target"). The target item (e.g., "bike") was either presented with a semantically related item (e.g., "car") and two unrelated items, or it was presented with three unrelated items. Subjects were more likely to fixate on an item semantically related to the target than a control item (the same item, but in a trial in which it was unrelated to the target). Examining the time course of subjects' fixations revealed that this pattern emerged about 570 ms after the onset of the target word. Moreover, subjects continued to be more likely to fixate on the related than the control item until about 800 ms after the onset of the target word. If one allows 200 ms to program and launch an eye movement, then it appears that semantically related items become active enough to draw fixations about 370 ms after the onset of the target word (average target word duration = 517 ms). These results, from an independent paradigm, are consistent with the cross-modal semantic priming data referenced above. Furthermore, taken together with previous studies that used eye movements to examine spoken word recognition (e.g., Allopenna et al., 1998), they suggest that eye movement measures are particularly promising for experimental work that depends on documenting full time-course information of subtle lexical effects.
Use of body position to selectively suction the left main stem bronchus

Sectioning is an accepted procedure utilized to remove secretions from the tracheobronchial tree in patients with a tracheal tube (tracheostomy or endotracheal) in place or for those patients unable to clear their own secretions. Since it is more difficult to catheterize the left main stem bronchus with a suction catheter than it is to catheterize the right main stem bronchus, suctioning is less effective in clearing secretions from the left main stem bronchus than from the right main stem bronchus. This study was concerned with the use of the left lateral body position, to facilitate selective catheterization of the left main stem bronchus. Twelve subjects were studied using a control pro­ cedure, where the patient was supine with his head turned to the right, and an experimental procedure, where the patient's body was turned to the left with the head turned to the right. The position of the radiopaque suction catheter was identified on a routine chest film. Turning the body to the left did not facilitate selective catheter­ ization of the left main stem bronchus. The left main stem bronchus was not selectively catheterized when the patient was supine with his head turned to the right„ vii
Virtual Machine Monitoring based pipeline forwarding using Packet scheduling algorithm

Network I/O workloads are dominating in many data centers and cloud computing environments today. One way to improve inter Virtual Machine (VM) communication efficiency is to support coresident VM communication by using shared memory based approaches and to resort to the traditional TCP/IP for interVM communications between VMs that are located on different physical hosts. Although a number of independent efforts are dedicated to improving communication efficiency between coresident VMs, they differ from one another in terms of how the interVM communication optimization is carried out and where in the software stack the shared memory channel is established. In this paper, we provide an in-depth overview of the design choices and techniques for optimizing the performance of the co-resident interVM communication, with dual objectives. First, we describe the core design guidelines and key issues for optimizing inter-VM communication by using shared memory based mechanisms. Typical issues include choices of implementation layer in the software stack, seamless agility for VM live migration and VM dynamic deployment support, multilevel transparency. Second, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of representative state-of-the-art research efforts and implementation techniques based on the core design guidelines. We also give an analysis of future requirements in advanced features such as reliability, security and stability. The research reported in this paper not only provides the reference for developing the next generation of inter-VM communication optimization mechanisms, but also offers opportunities for both cloud infrastructure providers and cloud service consumers to improve inter-VM communication efficiency in virtualized
AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-13-1-0474 TITLE: Novel Nomogram That Predicts Aggressive Disease and Treatment Failure Among African- American Men with Prostate Cancer

s: Lal, P., Yamoah, K. , Ziober, A. , Walker, A.H. , Zhou, W. , Spangler, E. , Zeigler-Johnson, C. , Feldman, M. , Rebbeck, T.R. , Racial Differences in the Distribution of Prostate Tumor Biomarkers: The SCORE Study, USCAP Poster Presentation: 2014 AACR-PCF meeting Advancements in prostate cancer, San Diego, CA Title: The impact of body mass index on treatment recommendations for patients with lowintermediate risk prostate cancer. *Oral Presentation: 2014 ACRO Annual Meeting, Oral presentation, Orlando, FL Title: African American men with low-grade prostate cancer exhibit worse outcomes after prostatectomy compared with Caucasian men Lay Press: http://www.sciencedaily. com/releases/2014/09/140908162119.htm http://www.webmd. com/prostate-cancer/news/20140908/watchful-waiting-may-not-be-best-forblack-men-with-prostate-cancer Inventions, Patents and Licenses: None Reportable Outcomes: In this initial report, we have identified a set of biomarkers that demonstrate differences in expression pattern by race. These data suggest that there are differences in the biology and pathogenesis of PCa in AA as compared with EA tumor samples, and may in part explain the difference in clinical outcomes between EA and AA men. Other Achievements: I was among the few to be selected to participated in the AACR/ASCO methods in clinical trials workshop in 2014. The training and mentoring I received at this specialized workshop constitutes an important mechanism toward my goal of becoming an independent investigator. I plan to submit the results of my work for presentation at meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the American Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology Kosj Yamoah MD, PhD (W81XWH-13-1-0474-PC121189) 7 (ASTRO), and the Prostate Cancer Foundation retreat, to get feedback from experts in the PCa field and to develop and maintain collaborations. The findings and ideas emerging from work supported by the CDMRPDOD HDR program, along with the continued mentoring, should put me in a strong position towards the path to becoming an independent investigator.
PARADIGM EFFECTS AND FUZZY CONTRASTS IN SPANISH SYLLABIFICATION

Although the syllabification of sequences of two vocoids in Spanish is generally predictable from vowel height and stress, there are exceptions to the general rules. There is also variation among speakers in this respect, so that this is a ‘fuzzy’ contrast. Here we report on an experiment on the production of this contrast, analyzing data from a much larger number of participants than in all previous work on this topic (n=37). Results show that the vowel sequence in words with a predicted exceptional hiatus /i. á/ (as in e.g. enviamos ‘we send’) differs significantly from the diphthong /já/ (as in e.g. saciamos ‘we satiate’) both in duration and in formant trajectories. Speaker’s intuitions regarding exceptional syllabification in hiatus were particularly consistent in verbal forms, which we explain as resulting from a paradigm effect. Although we conducted our experiment in a SpanishBasque bilingual town, there were no effects of language dominance.
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF FRICTION STIR WELDED ALUMINIUM ALLOY

The fracture toughness of dissimilar aluminum alloys butt-joined by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is studied. The aluminum grades used in this project were 5083 and 6061. The feasibility of using conventional belt-driven milling machine to perform FSW was also investigated by adding a custom-made compact clamping jig and FSW tool bit to the machine set up, and by varying machine parameters such as tool rotational speed (ɷ, rpm), tool traverse speed (v, mm/min), plunge depth (mm) and tool tilt angle. Preliminary FSW runs were done with the milling machine to modify it for the purpose of FSW. Two types of test were carried out which were tensile test and single edge notch tension (SENT) test. Both tests were performed on a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). By visual inspection, tunnel defect was seen in SENT specimens and in the dissimilar grade FSW joint for tensile testing specimen. The similar grade FSW joints performed less than their base material in terms of tensile strength. The critical stress intensity factor (SIF) for the welded specimens were found to be lower than critical SIF values known from literature for their respective materials.
Possibilities for feeding low-protein diets to weanling and growing pigs

The interest in feeding low-protein diets to growing pigs has increased during recent years. There are several reasons for this interest, but among the advantages of feeding low protein diets are the following: 1. Reduced N excretion from pigs in the manure 2. Reduced ammonia generation from the manure 3. Reduced water intake by the pigs, which in turn leads to a reduced manure volume 4. Less energy used for deamination of excess AA, which increases the NE of the diet 5. Less N in the hindgut of the pig, which reduces the risk of scouring
Impact of Lifestyle Q : 1 and Metformin Interventions on the Risk of Progression to Diabetes and Regression to Normal Glucose Regulation in Overweight or Obese People With Impaired Glucose Regulation

Both lifestyle andmetformin interventions candelay orprevent progression to type2 diabetes mellitus (DM Q:2 ) in people with impaired glucose regulation, but there is considerable interindividual variation in the likelihood of receiving benefit. Understanding an individual’s 3-year risk of progressing to DM and regressing to normal glucose regulation (NGR) might facilitate benefit-based tailored treatment.