Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prostate Cancer: Early Detection and Assessing Clinical Risk Using Deep Machine Learning of High Dimensional Peripheral Blood Flow Cytometric Phenotyping Data

Detecting the presence of prostate cancer (PCa) and distinguishing low- or intermediate-risk disease from high-risk disease early, and without the need for potentially unnecessary invasive biopsies remains a significant clinical challenge. The aim of this study is to determine whether the T and B cell phenotypic features which we have previously identified as being able to distinguish between benign prostate disease and PCa in asymptomatic men having Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) levels < 20 ng/ml can also be used to detect the presence and clinical risk of PCa in a larger cohort of patients whose PSA levels ranged between 3 and 2617 ng/ml. The peripheral blood of 130 asymptomatic men having elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) levels was immune profiled using multiparametric whole blood flow cytometry. Of these men, 42 were subsequently diagnosed as having benign prostate disease and 88 as having PCa on biopsy-based evidence. We built a bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Deep Neural Network (biLSTM) model for detecting the presence of PCa in men which combined the previously-identified phenotypic features (CD8+CD45RA-CD27-CD28- (CD8+ Effector Memory cells), CD4+CD45RA-CD27-CD28- (CD4+ Effector Memory cells), CD4+CD45RA+CD27-CD28- (CD4+ Terminally Differentiated Effector Memory Cells re-expressing CD45RA), CD3-CD19+ (B cells), CD3+CD56+CD8+CD4+ (NKT cells) with Age. The performance of the PCa presence ‘detection’ model was: Acc: 86.79 ( ± 0.10), Sensitivity: 82.78% (± 0.15); Specificity: 95.83% (± 0.11) on the test set (test set that was not used during training and validation); AUC: 89.31% (± 0.07), ORP-FPR: 7.50% (± 0.20), ORP-TPR: 84.44% (± 0.14). A second biLSTM ‘risk’ model combined the immunophenotypic features with PSA to predict whether a patient with PCa has high-risk disease (defined by the D’Amico Risk Classification) achieved the following: Acc: 94.90% (± 6.29), Sensitivity: 92% (± 21.39); Specificity: 96.11 (± 0.00); AUC: 94.06% (± 10.69), ORP-FPR: 3.89% (± 0.00), ORP-TPR: 92% (± 21.39). The ORP-FPR for predicting the presence of PCa when combining FC+PSA was lower than that of PSA alone. This study demonstrates that AI approaches based on peripheral blood phenotyping profiles can distinguish between benign prostate disease and PCa and predict clinical risk in asymptomatic men having elevated PSA levels.
Short Forms of the Cross-Cultural (Chinese) Personality Assessment Inventory: Reliability, Validity, and Measurement Invariance Across Gender

Filling out long questionnaires can be frustrating, unpleasant, and discouraging for respondents to continue. This is why shorter forms of long instruments are preferred, especially when they have comparable reliability and validity. In present study, two short forms of the Cross-cultural (Chinese) Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI-2) were developed and validated. The items of the short forms were all selected from the 28 personality scales of the CPAI-2 based on the norm sample. Based on some priori criteria, we obtained the appropriate items and constructed the 56-item Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI) and the 28-item CPAI. Then, we examined the factor structure of both short forms with Exploratory SEM (ESEM) and replicated the four-factor structure of the original CPAI-2, reflecting the four personality domains of Chinese people, namely, Social Potency, Dependability, Accommodation, and Interpersonal Relatedness. Further analyses with ESEM models demonstrate full measurement invariance across gender for both short forms. The results show that females score lower than males on Social Potency. In addition, these four factors of both short forms have adequate internal consistency, and the correlation patterns of the four factors, the big five personality traits, and several health-related variables are extremely similar across the two short forms, reflecting adequate and comparable criterion validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Overall, the short versions of CPAI-2 are psychometrically acceptable and have practically implications for measuring Chinese personality and cross-cultural research.
Yellow-y Functions in Egg Melanization and Chorion Morphology of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is one of the most serious public health pests, which can transmit various vector-borne diseases. Eggs from this mosquito species become dark black shortly after oviposition and exhibit high desiccation resistance. Some of the Yellow proteins that act as dopachrome conversion enzymes (DCEs) are involved in the tyrosine-mediated tanning (pigmentation and sclerotization) metabolic pathway that significantly accelerates melanization reactions in insects. In this research, we analyzed the function of one of the yellow genes, yellow-y (AalY-y), in eggshell/chorion melanization of Ae. albopictus eggs. Developmental and tissue-specific expression measured by real-time PCR showed that AalY-y transcripts were detected at all stages of development analyzed, with significantly higher levels in the ovaries from blood-fed adult females. Injection of double-stranded RNA for AalY-y (dsAalY-y) had no significant effect on fecundity. However, unlike dsEGFP-treated control eggs that become black by 2–3 h after oviposition (HAO), dsAalY-y eggs were yellow-brown at 2 HAO, and reddish-brown even at 48 HAO. dsEGFP eggs exhibited resistance to desiccation at 48 HAO, whereas approximately 50% of the dsAalY-y eggs collapsed when they were moved to a low humidity condition. In addition, TEM analysis revealed an abnormal morphology and ultrastructure of the outer-endochorion in the dsAalY-y eggs. These results support the hypothesis that AalY-y is involved in the tyrosine-induced melanin biosynthetic pathway, plays an important role in black melanization of the chorion and functions in conferring proper morphology of the outer-endochorion, a structure that is presumably required for egg desiccation resistance in Ae. albopictus.
Look Into my “Virtual” Eyes: What Dynamic Virtual Agents add to the Realistic Study of Joint Attention

Joint attention, defined as the coordination of orienting between two or more people toward an object, person or event (Billeci et al., 2017; Mundy and Newell, 2007; Scaife and Bruner, 1975), is one of the essential mechanisms of social interaction (Chevalier et al., 2020). This joint attention can be signalled through both verbal and visual cues, with gaze direction providing an important visual signal of attention and thus joint attention (Kleinke, 1986; Emery, 2000; Land and Tatler, 2009). Therefore, it is crucial to understand how eye gaze is used as part of joint attention in social scenarios. Importantly, the emergence of virtual agents and social robots gives us the opportunity to better understand these processes as they may occur in human-to-human interaction, as well as enabling realistic human to agent/robot interaction. Traditionally, the influence of gaze on attentional orienting has been studied in cueing paradigms based on Posner’s original spatial task (e.g., Posner, 1980). Using simple, static face stimuli, e.g., photographs of real faces or drawings of schematic faces (see Box 1, panel A), results show that gaze provides a very strong attentional cue (Frischen et al., 2007). Importantly, though the basic cueing effect has also been replicated with non-social cues such as arrows or direction words (Hommel et al., 2001; Ristic et al., 2002; Tipples, 2002, 2008), it is argued that the strength and immediacy of gaze cuing demonstrates something special about how we respond to social information, and in particular eye gaze (Frischen et al., 2007; Kampis and Southgate, 2020; Stephenson et al., 2021). While research conducted into gaze cuing phenomena to date has been informative, the use of simplistic and most often static face stimuli such as photographs of real faces, drawings of schematic faces or even just eyes (see Box 1, panel A), as well as the frequent use of unrealistic tasks and environments (e.g., a face image “floating” in a 2D spatial environment) has been highlighted as problematic if we truly wish to understand social processes (Gobel et al., 2015; Risko et al., 2012, 2016; Zaki and Ochsner, 2009). For example, while research in traditional 2D settings shows that participants tend to focus on the eye region of faces (Birmingham et al., 2008), research conducted in real life shows participants avoiding direct eye contact (Foulsham et al., 2011; Laidlawet al., 2011; Mansour and Kuhn, 2019). Since the engagement of eye contact and the following of eye gaze direction are crucial aspects of joint attention, it is extremely important to look for alternative approaches that may better reflect real life social interaction.
PTRN-1 (CAMSAP) and NOCA-2 (NINEIN) are required for microtubule polarity in Caenorhabditis elegans dendrites

The neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton is key to establish axon-dendrite polarity. Dendrites are characterized by the presence of minus-end out microtubules, however the mechanisms that organize these microtubules minus-end out is still poorly understood. Here, we characterized the role of two microtubule minus-end related proteins in this process in Caenorhabditis elegans, the microtubule minus-end stabilizing protein CAMSAP (PTRN-1) and a NINEIN homologue (NOCA-2). We found that CAMSAP and NINEIN function in parallel to mediate microtubule organization in dendrites. During dendrite outgrowth, RAB-11 positive vesicles localized to the dendrite tip function as a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) to nucleate microtubules. In the absence of either CAMSAP or NINEIN, we observed a low penetrance MTOC vesicles mis-localization to the cell body, and a nearly fully penetrant phenotype in double mutant animals. This suggests that both proteins are important for localizing the MTOC vesicles to the growing dendrite tip to organize microtubules minus-end out. Whereas NINEIN localizes to the MTOC vesicles where it is important for the recruitment of the microtubule nucleator γ-tubulin, CAMSAP localizes around the MTOC vesicles and is co-translocated forward with the MTOC vesicles upon dendritic growth. Together, these results indicate that microtubule nucleation from the MTOC vesicles and microtubule stabilization are both important to localize the MTOC vesicles distally to organize dendritic microtubules minus-end out.
Adenine Base Editing in vivo with a Single Adeno-Associated Virus Vector

Base editors (BEs) have opened new avenues for the treatment of genetic diseases. However, advances in delivery approaches are needed to enable disease targeting of a broad range of tissues and cell types. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors remain one of the most promising delivery vehicles for gene therapies. Currently, most BE/guide combinations and their promoters exceed the packaging limit (~5 kb) of AAVs. Dual-AAV delivery strategies often require high viral doses that impose safety concerns. In this study, we engineered an adenine base editor using a compact Cas9 from Neisseria meningitidis (Nme2Cas9). Compared to the well-characterized Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9-containing ABEs, Nme2-ABE possesses a distinct PAM (N4CC) and editing window, exhibits fewer off-target effects, and can efficiently install therapeutically relevant mutations in both human and mouse genomes. Importantly, we show that in vivo delivery of Nme2-ABE and its guide RNA by a single-AAV vector can efficiently edit mouse genomic loci and revert the disease mutation and phenotype in an adult mouse model of tyrosinemia. We anticipate that Nme2-ABE, by virtue of its compact size and broad targeting range, will enable a range of therapeutic applications with improved safety and efficacy due in part to packaging in a single-vector system.
A Real-Time ZigBee-Based Location System in Xiluodu Arch Dam

This study main focuses on a real-time Zigbee-based localization system to provide prompt support for safety management in dam construction sites. The system accounts for a wireless sensor tracking technology and a set of servers running software for handling collected data, real-time site state visualization and remote interaction communications with other system such as ERP, CRM. The low-level tracking technology is a ZigBee-based network hardware utilizing fingerprinting software technology. The proposed real-time monitoring system for employer has been successfully implemented in Xiluodu arch dam construction site. The field tests also show that the RSSI-based localization algorithm implemented by ZigBee devices is reliable and is accurate (3 to 5 meters) enough. This real-time monitoring system was proven to be very useful for field safety management of high arch dam, and in similar hydraulic projects.
Terminal antenna diversity characterisation using mode stirred chamber

Antenna diversity in mobile terminals is likely to be commonly used in future mobile communication systems. Methods for characterisation of antenna diversity performance are therefore of interest. Previous work has demonstrated diversity performance measurements in typical indoor and outdoor environments. A new characterisation method using a mode stirred chamber, with several advantages over existing techniques, is proposed.
Salubrinal induces fetal hemoglobin expression via the stress-signaling pathway in human sickle erythroid progenitors and sickle cell disease mice

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder caused by a mutation in the HBB gene leading to hemoglobin S production and polymerization under hypoxia conditions leading to vaso-occlusion, chronic hemolysis, and progressive organ damage. This disease affects ∼100,000 people in the United States and millions worldwide. An effective therapy for SCD is fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction by pharmacologic agents such as hydroxyurea, the only Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for this purpose. Therefore, the goal of our study was to determine whether salubrinal (SAL), a selective protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor, induces HbF expression through the stress-signaling pathway by activation of p-eIF2α and ATF4 trans-activation in the γ-globin gene promoter. Sickle erythroid progenitors treated with 24µM SAL increased F-cells levels 1.4-fold (p=0.021) and produced an 80% decrease in reactive oxygen species. Western blot analysis showed SAL enhanced HbF protein by 1.6-fold (p=0.0441), along with dose-dependent increases of p-eIF2α and ATF4 levels. Subsequent treatment of SCD mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of SAL (5mg/kg) produced peak plasma concentrations at 6 hours. Chronic treatments of SCD mice with SAL mediated a 2.3-fold increase in F-cells (p=0.0013) and decreased sickle erythrocytes supporting in vivo HbF induction.
Genetic evidence that uptake of the fluorescent analog 2NBDG occurs independently of known glucose transporters

The fluorescent derivative of glucose, 2-Deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-amino]-D-glucose (2NBDG), is a widely used surrogate reagent to visualize glucose uptake in live cells at single cell resolution. Using a model of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in 5TGM1 myeloma cells, we demonstrate that ablation of the glucose transporter gene Slc2a1 abrogates radioactive glucose uptake but has no effect on the magnitude or kinetics of 2NBDG import. Extracellular 2NBDG, but not NBD-fructose was transported by plasma cells into the cytoplasm suggesting specific activity that is unlinked to glucose import and that of chemically similar compounds. RNA-Seq analysis of primary plasma cells and the 5TGM1 myeloma cell line revealed expression of other candidate glucose transporters. Yet, deletion of these transporters individually or in combination with one another also had no impact on 2NBDG uptake. Ablation of the genes in the Slc29 and Slc35 families of nucleoside and nucleoside sugar transporters as well as the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family also failed to impact 2NBDG import. Thus, cellular uptake of 2NBDG is promoted by an unknown mechanism and is not a faithful indicator of glucose transport.
Medium power C‐band array amplifier featured ultra low residual phase noise

This article deals with a design and performance evaluation of a medium power C‐band array amplifier based on SiGe hetero‐junction bipolar transistors (HBT). The proposed power amplifier (PA) contains four identical HBT stages coupled by the means of compact power splitting/summing microstrip networks. The designed PA exhibits a very low phase noise level of −165 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset frequency, and it is distinguished by a high output power having P1dB = +26 dBm and high power added efficiency approaching to 40%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 292–295, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24896
Human and wildlife use of mountain glacier habitat in western North America

The global recession of glaciers and perennial snowfields is reshaping mountain ecosystems. However, beyond physical changes to the landscape and altered downstream hydrology, the implications of glacier decline are poorly known. Before predictions can be made about how climate change may affect wildlife in glacier-associated ecosystems, a more thorough accounting of the role that glaciers play in species’ life histories is needed. In this study, we deployed an elevational transect of wildlife cameras along the western margin of the Paradise Glacier, a rapidly receding mountain glacier on the south side of Mount Rainier, WA, USA. From June to September 2021, we detected at least 16 vertebrate species (seven birds, nine mammals) using glacier-associated habitats. While humans, and primarily skiers, were the most common species detected, we recorded 99 observations of wildlife (birds and mammals). These included three species of conservation concern in Washington: wolverine (Gulo gulo), Cascade red fox (Vulpes vulpes cascadensis), and White-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura). Collectively, our results reveal a rich diversity of wildlife using a single mountain glacier and adjacent habitat in the Pacific Northwest, emphasizing a largely overlooked risk of climate change to mountain biodiversity. We highlight the global need for similar studies to better understand the true scale of biodiversity that will be impacted by glacier recession in mountain ecosystems.
Preferences and COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions

This paper shows that prospect theory, extended to account for differences across individuals in their patience and their valuation of the vaccination as a common good can explain why more than 40% of the population has intent to reject the Covid-19 vaccination, as well as the differences in vaccination intentions across population subgroups. Indeed, prospect theory by over-weighting the side effect explains the reject of vaccination. This can be partially compensated by a high patience and/or a large valuation of the collective immunity. The calibrated version of our model, based on an original survey carried out on a representative sample of the adult population living in France allowing us to identify curvatures of their value function, their discount rates and their willingness to cooperate, can predict the evolution of the vaccination intentions between November 2020 an March 2021. We also show that the international differences in the vaccination intentions are closely related to the valuation of the vaccination as a common good.
Hypothermia selectively protects the anterior forebrain mesocircuit during global cerebral ischemia

Hypothermia is an important protective strategy against global cerebral ischemia following cardiac arrest. However, the mechanisms of hypothermia underlying the changes in different regions and connections of the brain have not been fully elucidated. This study aims to identify the metabolic nodes and connection integrity of specific brain regions in rats with global cerebral ischemia that are most affected by hypothermia treatment. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was used to quantitatively determine glucose metabolism in different brain regions in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia established at 31–33°C. Diffusion tensor imaging was also used to reconstruct and explore the brain connections involved. The results showed that, compared with the model rats established at 37–37.5°C, the rat models of global cerebral ischemia established at 31–33°C had smaller hypometabolic regions in the thalamus and primary sensory areas and sustained no obvious thalamic injury. Hypothermia selectively preserved the integrity of the anterior forebrain mesocircuit, exhibiting protective effects on the brain during the global cerebral ischemia. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Capital Medical University (approval No. XW-AD318-97-019) on December 15, 2019.
Neuronal reprogramming in treating spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury represents a devastating central nervous system injury that could impair the mobility and sensory function of afflicted patients. The hallmarks of spinal cord injury include neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, neuronal loss, and reactive gliosis. Furthermore, the formation of a glial scar at the injury site elicits an inhibitory environment for potential neuroregeneration. Besides axonal regeneration, a significant challenge in treating spinal cord injury is to replenish the neurons lost during the pathological process. However, despite decades of research efforts, current strategies including stem cell transplantation have not resulted in a successful clinical therapy. Furthermore, stem cell transplantation faces serious hurdles such as immunorejection of the transplanted cells and ethical issues. In vivo neuronal reprogramming is a recently developed technology and leading a major breakthrough in regenerative medicine. This innovative technology converts endogenous glial cells into functional neurons for injury repair in the central nervous system. The feasibility of in vivo neuronal reprogramming has been demonstrated successfully in models of different neurological disorders including spinal cord injury by numerous laboratories. Several reprogramming factors, mainly the pro-neural transcription factors, have been utilized to reprogram endogenous glial cells into functional neurons with distinct phenotypes. So far, the literature on in vivo neuronal reprogramming in the model of spinal cord injury is still small. In this review, we summarize a limited number of such reports and discuss several questions that we think are important for applying in vivo neuronal reprogramming in the research field of spinal cord injury as well as other central nervous system disorders.
The load modeling and parameters identification for voltage stability analysis

The voltage stability of a power system is greatly effected by load characteristics. The more a proper load model is used, the more accurate the results of voltage stability analysis are. The essential problems in load modeling and parameters identification are discussed in detail in this paper. Based on the original data, the first-order induction motor model and its improved one are presented. The parameters of these two models are identified and their abilities to describe actual loads are also analyzed.