Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of mammalian cell lines that undergo necrosis after ionizing irradiation to DNA-incorporated tritium and iodine-125 decays: implications for models of radiation action

Purpose : To test the validity of enzymatic DNA repair-based models of ionizing radiation-induced mammalian cell killing. Materials and methods : Sensitivity to ionizing radiation-induced killing was determined by clonogenic survival assay. Results : A panel of seven cell lines that have apparently normal enzymatic DNA repair capability and die predominantly by necrosis were shown to have marked differences in their sensitivity to killing by γ- or X-irradiation. Despite such differences, the pseudo-diploid cell lines CHO, V79, and Vero (when corrected for differences in cell cycle distribution) and normal mouse embryo fibroblasts all had comparable D o values for killing by DNA-incorporated 125 I that were in the range of 57-66 decays; whilst the near-tetraploid or -triploid B16-F1, RUC-2 and SQ-20B cell lines had D o values of around 130 125 I decays. The sensitivity of these cell lines to killing by DNA-incorporated 3 H decays was similarly related to ploidy. Conclusions : Differences in sensitivity to killing by DNA-incorporated 3 H or 125 I decays between the cell lines tested were primarily related to differences in ploidy and, second, to differences in cell cycle distribution or nuclear volume. The data do not support suggestions that generalized variability in an hypothetical aspect of enzymatic DNA repair can explain differences in sensitivity to killing by external-beam, low-linear energy transfer ionizing radiation.
Identification of the mammary line in mouse by Wnt10b expression

Mammogenesis in rabbit, rat, and human begins with the formation of an elevated ectodermal ridge in the embryo. Attempts to demonstrate a morphologically or histologically equivalent mammary line in the mouse have yielded controversial results. We show here that a mammary line exists in the mouse embryo at embryonic day (E) 11.25 as a concise line of Wnt10b expression and a broader band of Wnt6 expression in the surface ectoderm, between the subaxillary and suprainguinal region of each flank. Additional streaks of Wnt10b expression in the axillary and inguinal region join the mammary line on the flank slightly later. Expression of Wnt10b and Wnt6 becomes restricted to the placodes within 1.5 days. The ectoderm of the mammary line is organized as a pseudostratified epithelium connecting the developing mammary placodes at around E11.5, whereas all other surface ectoderm is single‐layered. Thus, the mammary line expressing Wnt10b defines a distinct ectodermal region that we consider the equivalent of the ectodermal ridge in, for example, rabbit. To date, the formation of the mammary line expressing Wnt10b is the earliest discernible ectodermal event in murine embryonic mammary gland development. Developmental Dynamics 229:349–356, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and high-oleic sunflower oil on performance and egg quality in laying hens

1. Laying hen performance, yolk fatty acid (FA) concentrations, sensory quality and firmness of eggs were evaluated with respect to the inclusion in the diet of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and high-oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSO). 2. Nine diets were arranged factorially, with three concentrations of CLA (0, 1 and 2 g/kg) and HOSO (10, 20 and 30 g/kg). 3. Type of diet did not affect egg production traits. 4. Dietary addition of CLA decreased yolk lipid content and yolk lipid concentrations of monounsaturated FA, C20:4 n−6 and C22:6 n−3, but increased those of CLA and saturated FA. 5. Dietary addition of HOSO increased monounsaturated FA concentrations in the yolk lipid but decreased those of CLA and saturated FA. 6. CLA supplementation increased yolk moisture and firmness and impaired the sensory quality of eggs. 7. An interaction between CLA and HOSO addition was found as effects of CLA addition on yolk lipid CLA concentrations and egg quality traits were smaller when the amount of HOSO in the diet increased. 8. Regression equations have been calculated in order to predict yolk CLA and C18:1 concentration from dietary composition, and yolk firmness from yolk FA composition.
Technicalities of Colonoscopy: Endoscopic Microscopy – Where Are We Heading?

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a new endoscopic imaging tool enabling in vivo histology during ongoing endoscopy. Basically, three different patterns can be seen in the colon: normal, neoplastic and inflammatory mucosa. Several pilot studies have shown an excellent correlation with classical histology. However, what could be the future indications of CLE? (1) Differentiating neoplastic from inflammatory changes constitutes a promising diagnostic tool in screening for dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. This can help to further increase the efficacy of chromoendoscopy in dysplasia detection and reduce the number of biopsies. The possibility to differentiate sporadic adenoma from dysplasia-associated lesion or mass could have an immediate impact on patient management. (2) The diagnosis of collagenous colitis depends on multiple random biopsies. Case series have shown that CLE can guide the endoscopist to take more representative biopsies to make the diagnosis. Large prospective trials are needed to confirm this finding. (3) An interesting clinical application is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A pilot study showed that it was possible to predict the presence of GVHD in 14/19 patients with GVHD out of 35 patients who were referred for diarrhea after stem cell transplantation. (4) CLE for standard polyp surveillance is probably redundant since it will not change patient management at this stage. Moreover, it can currently not differentiate between classical hyperplastic and sessile serrated adenomas. (5) Future additional technological improvements of the system with faster Z-scanning, deeper light penetration and 3D reconstruction will help to improve the quality of CLE. Reports on in vivo molecular imaging and assessment of physiological changes provide a promising glance at the future possibilities of CLE imaging.
Longitudinal Benefit From and Satisfaction With the Baha System for Patients With Acquired Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Objective: To analyze the short-, medium-, and long-term benefits from and satisfaction with the Baha for patients with profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Head and Neck Institute at the Cleveland Clinic. Patients: Eight patients with acquired profound unilateral SNHL. Interventions: Patients underwent unaided baseline testing and aided Baha testing using laboratory and self-report measures at 6 postfitting intervals. Main Outcome Measures: Laboratory measures included the revised Speech Perception in Noise test, Hearing in Noise Test, and localization testing. Disease-specific self-report measures included the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults, and Single-Sided Deafness Questionnaire. The Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 Health Survey was used to assess health-related quality of life. Results: Based on 95% confidence intervals for unaided testing, significant improvements on aided revised Speech Perception in Noise, Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, and Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults scores were sustained during the 18-month test interval. Variable performance was observed for the Hearing in Noise Test over time and patients. No acclimatization effects were shown for localization testing or the generic health-related quality-of-life measure. Patients reported satisfaction in a variety of situations as quantified by the Single-Sided Deafness Questionnaire in the long-term. Conclusion: The Baha is effective in reducing psychosocial consequences of unilateral profound SNHL for the long-term. Improvement in speech understanding occurred when the primary signal was spatially separated from background noise. Localization performance did not improve with Baha use. Overall, patients were satisfied with their Baha and would still elect to have this procedure if given a second chance.
A switched-transformer, 76% tuning-range VCO in 90nm CMOS

This paper presents a prototype of multi-mode, multi-band CMOS VCO with a switched-transformer resonator, designed and fabricated in 90nm CMOS process. By combining the characteristics of switched-capacitors VCOs, transformer-based VCOs and switched-inductor VCOs, five VCO operation modes were realized, achieving a measured 76% tuning range spanning the bands 2.32–3.36 GHz, 3.45–4.55 GHz, and 4.89–5.83 GHz. The VCO draws a current ranging from 11.0mA to 23.4 mA from a 1.8 V supply, with a phase noise of −130.2 dBc/Hz (−118.3 dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset from the 2.32 GHz (5.83 GHz) carrier. The power-frequency-tuning-normalized figure-of-merit (PFTN-FoM) varies from −9.5 dB to 13.2 dB.
Action representation for robots using MIRA

Instructions given to a robot from the perspective of temporal logic have considered future states to activate movement and task execution. This paper looks at an alternate methodology using the formalism of MIRA (Mīmāṁsā Inspired Representation of Actions), where instructions to a robot are represented in a straight forward manner and the task execution is evaluated to one of the three values Satisfaction, Violation and Disinterest instead of true or false. Using this formalism, a framework is proposed and then compared with the existing methodology that uses temporal logic.
(R)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-[2-hydroxy-2-(3-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-yl)ethyl]piperazinium chloride propan-1-ol solvate.

The title compound, C21H24FN2O2+. Cl-. C3H8O, is a potential drug designed as a hybrid compound with antihypertensive, antioxidant and beta-adrenolytic activity. The cation contains nearly planar benzofuran and fluorophenyl ring systems, as well as a piperazine ring adopting an almost perfect chair conformation. The benzofuran and piperazine moieties are connected by an ethyl chain, the moieties forming a dihedral angle of 163.12 (13) degrees. In the crystal structure, ions and propanol solvent molecules are linked via N-H.Cl and O-H.Cl bonds into linear (010) chains.
Efficiency improvement of silicon nanostructure-based solar cells

Solar cells based on a high-efficiency silicon nanostructure (SNS) were developed using a two-step metal-assisted electroless etching (MAEE) technique, phosphorus silicate glass (PSG) doping and screen printing. This process was used to produce solar cells with a silver nitrate (AgNO3) etching solution in different concentrations. Compared to cells produced using the single MAEE technique, SNS-based solar cells produced with the two-step MAEE technique showed an increase in silicon surface coverage of ∼181.1% and a decrease in reflectivity of ∼144.3%. The performance of the SNS-based solar cells was found to be optimized (∼11.86%) in an SNS with a length of ∼300 nm, an aspect ratio of ∼5, surface coverage of ∼84.9% and a reflectivity of ∼6.1%. The ∼16.8% increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the SNS-based solar cell indicates good potential for mass production.
PSO optimized Feed Forward Neural Network for offline Signature Classification

The paper is based on feed forward neural network (FFNN) optimization by particle swarm intelligence (PSI) used to provide initial weights and biases to train neural network. Once the weights and biases are found using Particle swarm optimization (PSO) with neural network used as training algorithm for specified epoch, the same are used to train the neural network for training and classification of benchmark problems. Further the approach is tested for offline signature classifications. A comparison is made between normal FFNN with random weights and biases and FFNN with particle swarm optimized weights and biases. Firstly, the performance is tested on two benchmark databases for neural network, The Breast Cancer Database and the Diabetic Database. Result shows that neural network performs better with initial weights and biases obtained by Particle Swarm optimization. The network converges faster with PSO obtained initial weights and biases for FFNN and classification accuracy is increased. KeywordsParticle swarm intelligence, feed forward Neural Network, Backpropagation, convergence, benchmark, realistic problems, prediction error, local minima, local maxima, offline, signature.
Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in Herbaceous and Shrub Strata of Atlantic Forest Remnants in Northeastern Brazil

Abstract Most pentatomids are phytophagous, many of which are economically important crop pests. The family may also be a potentially important group to monitor the health of neotropical forests. However, there is a lack of biological inventories of Pentatomidae, especially in forest remnants of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. This is the first systematic survey of pentatomids reported in three Atlantic forest fragments in northeastern Brazil. In total, 997 individuals belonging to 38 species were recorded, some of which are considered economically important pests. Singletons and doubletons represented 45.9% of all species collected. The most abundant genera were Mormidea Amyot & Serville, 1843; Stictochilus Bergroth, 1918; Xynocoris Garbelotto & Campos 2014; and Edessa F. , 1803. Species richness differed among fragments, with a richness gradient correlated with decreased urbanization and increased fragment size. The species abundance distribution fitted the logseries function but not the lognormal, in accordance with what is found for other assemblages in southern Brazil. Species composition also changed, in association with changes in temperature (revealed by the canonical correspondence analysis [CCA]), among fragments. Murici is one of the last remaining dense forests with high plant diversity in the region, having higher pentatomid species richness and a distinctive fauna. This first diversity study for Pentatomidae in fragments of tropical Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil reveals richness comparable with those from subtropical southern Brazil, with some species in common as well.
Histology of larval eye-antennal disks and cephalic ganglia of Drosophila cultured in vitro.

In the past decade, a relatively large number of reports have been published on the culture in vitro of organs of Drosophila melanogaster . The majority of these reports have been concerned with the development of the eye-antennal complex explanted, with or without the attached cephalic ganglia, from the prepupal stage (Demal, 1956) or from late second and third larval instar stages (Kuroda & Yamaguchi, 1956; Gottschewski, 1958, 1960, 1962; Gottschewski & Querner, 1961; Fugio, 1962; Schneider, 1964). With the exception of the work of Demal (1956), the above reports have been confined to descriptions of the developing explants solely in morphological terms and, as such, are not wholly adequate for comparisons to be made between development in vivo and in vitro . If, however, such descriptions are supplemented with histological studies, a more valid appreciation can be gained of the potentialities as well as the limitations of such explants under conditions in vitro .
Study on modulo-lattice in vector perturbation for MIMO broadcast channels

The modulo in the vector perturbation for the multiple-input multiple-output broadcast channel is studied. The notion of modulo-lattice is presented, which is a direct extension of the conventional modulo constant. And the conditions that a good modulo-lattice should be satisfied are analyzed. Based on this analysis, some good modulo-lattices are suggested for the quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) and the phase-shift keying (PSK), respectively. For example, a scale hexagonal lattice is suggested as the modulo-lattice for M-PSK (M>4). Moreover, the efficient implementation of the modulo-lattice at the transceiver is illustrated by the scale hexagonal lattice. Simulations show that the modulo-lattice suggested has a gain of about 0.8 dB over the conventional modulo constant in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions for M-PSK.
Multilocus Sequence Typing Reveals Intrafamilial Transmission and Microevolutions of Candida albicans Isolates from the Human Digestive Tract

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is a human commensal that is also responsible for superficial and systemic infections. Little is known about the carriage of C. albicans in the digestive tract and the genome dynamics that occur during commensalisms of this diploid species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, diversity, and genetic relationships among C. albicans isolates recovered during natural colonization of the digestive tract of humans, with emphasis on Crohn's disease patients who produce anti-yeast antibodies and may have altered Candida sp. carriage. Candida sp. isolates were recovered from 234 subjects within 25 families with multiple cases of Crohn's disease and 10 control families, sampled at the oral and fecal sites. Prevalences of Candida sp. and C. albicans carriage were 53.4% and 46.5%, respectively, indicating frequent commensal carriage. No differences in prevalence of carriage could be observed between Crohn's disease patients and healthy subjects. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of C. albicans isolates revealed frequent colonization of a subject or several members of the same family by genetically indistinguishable or genetically close isolates. These latter isolates differed by loss-of-heterozygosity events at one or several of the MLST loci. These loss-of-heterozygosity events could be due to either chromosome loss followed by duplication or large mitotic recombination events between complementary chromosomes. This study was the first to jointly assess commensal carriage of C. albicans, intrafamilial transmission, and microevolution. The high frequency of each of these events suggests that the digestive tract provides an important and natural niche for microevolutions of diploid C. albicans through the loss of heterozygosity.
Search for an Optimal Five-Step Charging Pattern for Li-Ion Batteries Using Consecutive Orthogonal Arrays

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have emerged as the major power source for today's electronic products because they can offer advantages such as high energy density, low maintenance requirement, high open-circuit voltage, low self-discharge rate, and lack of memory effect. The performance and lifespan of Li-ion batteries are closely related to the quality of the charging pattern. Therefore, an optimal charging pattern is essential for Li-ion batteries to achieve shorter charging time and longer cycle life. In this paper, a Taguchi-based algorithm is presented. Consecutive orthogonal array techniques are utilized to determine the optimal charging pattern for the five-step constant current charging method. The problem formulation, implementation procedure, and parameter setting method are described and explained in detail. Experimental results show that the obtained charging pattern is capable of charging the Li-ion batteries to 95% capacity. Comparing to the conventional constant current-constant voltage method, the benefits of the obtained pattern are faster and safer charging and longer battery cycle life.
Role of membrane microdomains in PTH-mediated down-regulation of NaPi-IIa in opossum kidney cells.

BACKGROUND Parathyroid hormone (PTH) rapidly down-regulates type IIa sodium-dependent phosphate transporter (NaPi-IIa) via an endocytic pathway. Since the relationship between PTH signaling and NaPi-IIa endocytosis has not been explored, we investigated the role of membrane microdomains in this process. METHODS We examined the submembrane localization of NaPi-IIa in opossum kidney (OK-N2) cells that stably expressed human NaPi-IIa, and searched for a PTH-induced specific phosphorylating substrate on their membrane microdomains by immunoblotting with specific antibody against phospho substrates of protein kinases. RESULTS We found that NaPi-IIa was primarily localized in low-density membrane (LDM) domains of the plasma membrane; PTH reduced the levels of immunoreactive NaPi-IIa in these domains. Furthermore, PTH activated both protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase Calpha (PKCa) and increased the phosphorylation of 250 kD and 80 kD substrates; this latter substrate was identified as ezrin, which a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) protein family. In response to PTH, ezrin was phosphorylated by both PKA and PKC. Dominant negative ezrin blocked the reduction in NaPi-IIa expression in the LDM domains that was induced by PTH. CONCLUSION These data suggest that NaPi-IIa and PTH-induced phosphorylated proteins that include ezrin are compartmentalized in LDM microdomains. This compartmentalization may play an important role in the down-regulation of NaPi-IIa via endocytosis.
Cloning, expression and biocharacterization of OfCht5, the chitinase from the insect Ostrinia furnacalis

Abstract Chitinase catalyzes β‐1,4‐glycosidic linkages in chitin and has attracted research interest due to it being a potential pesticide target and an enzymatic tool for preparation of N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosamine. An individual insect contains multiple genes encoding chitinases, which vary in domain architectures, expression patterns, physiological roles and biochemical properties. Herein, OfCht5, the glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinase from the widespread lepidopteran pest Ostrinia furnacalis, was cloned, expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized in an attempt to facilitate both pest control and biomaterial preparation. Complementary DNA sequence analysis indicated that OfCHT5 consisted of an open reading frame of 1 665‐bp nucleotides. Phylogenic analysis suggested OfCht5 belongs to the Group I insect chitinases. Expression of OfCht5 in Pichia pastoris resulted in highest specific activity after 120 h of induction with methanol. Through two steps of purification, consisting of ammonium sulfate precipitation and metal chelating chromatography, about 7 mg of the recombinant OfCht5 was purified to homogeneity from 1 L culture supernatant. OfCht5 effectively converted colloidal chitin into chitobiose, but had relatively low activity toward α‐chitin. When chitooligosaccharides [(GlcNAc)n, n= 3–6] were used as substrates, OfCht5 was observed to possess the highest catalytic efficiency parameter toward (GlcNAc)4 and predominantely hydrolyzed the second glycosidic bond from the non‐reducing end. Together with β‐N‐acetyl‐D‐hexosaminidase OfHex1, OfCht5 achieved its highest efficiency in chitin degradation that yielded N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosamine, a valuable pharmacological reagent and food supplement, within a molar concentration ratio of OfCht5 versus OfHex1 in the range of 9 : 1–15 : 1. This work provides an alternative to existing preparation of chitinase for pesticides and other applications.