Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of image quality in cervical spine lateral radiographs

In diagnostic radiography, cervical lateral spine x-ray is common radiographic examination among imaging of cervical spine. Thus, it is important to show entire anatomical structure, adequate penetration, soft tissue of neck and bony detail. This study attempts to quantify the quality of cervical spine radiographs by evaluating the quality of depiction of the anatomical and physical details. In this cross-sectional study, about 188 cases of cervical spine lateral radiographs were collected for study over the three months of period. Nine image criteria i.e. anatomical coverage, soft tissue visualization, C7/T1 junction, sharp bony detail, proper chin raise, artifact, density, patient rotation and collimation were followed and tabulated. Obtained data were analyzed using in SPSS v.20 software and shown in frequency, percentages, bar diagrams and graphs. Among 188 patients, about 23.4% cervical radiographs met all image criteria but remaining 76.6% did not meet these criteria due to no anatomical coverage (33.5%), no proper chin raise (46.3%), artifact (13.3%), patient rotation (50%) and no collimation (33.5%). It is difficult to perform good quality cervical radiograph according to European guidelines14. To a great extent the quality of cervical radiographs depends upon skill of radiographer, equipment condition (x-ray machine, CR reader) and co-operation of patients. This is always a challenge for radiographer and technologist.
OPTIMISATION OF A SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND TRANSFORMATION PROTOCOL FOR FARMER-PREFERRED CASSAVA CULTIVARS IN KENYA

Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz ) is a major food crop in developing countries, and holds potential for industrial use. It is, however, affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses that greatly affect its production. The existing regeneration and transformation protocols are not compatible with all cassava cultivars, thus efficient and robust transformation and regeneration protocols for farmer-preferred cultivars need to be optimised for ease of transfer of novel genes. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient transformation and regeneration protocol for a farmer-preferred Kenyan cassava cultivar. We cultured immature leaf lobe and stem explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with varying concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Picloram and á-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Plants were recovered on media with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and GA 3 under a 16 hour light/8 hour darkness photoperiod regime. Results showed high regeneration and transformation frequencies for both cultivars. High frequencies of callus induction (>98%) for both cultivars, were obtained when 2,4-D and Picloram were used. Similarly, both auxins initiated somatic embryogenesis, with Picloram producing the highest frequency of somatic embryos (>92%) in TMS 60444, using stem explants. Gus assays revealed high frequencies of transformation of >77% (TMS 60444) and 60% (Kibanda meno mkubwa). This protocol offers promising perspectives for rapid improvement of these cultivars and, therefore, provides a platform for cleaning planting materials, as well as cassava genetic improvement programmes such as control of viral diseases. transformation adapte a la variété de manioc. Des feuilles et tiges immatures ont été cultivées sur des media Murashige et Skoog (MS), auxquels différentes concentrations de 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acide (2,4-D), Picloram et á-naphtalène acétique acide (NAA). Les plantes ont été recouvertes de 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) et GA3 sous une photopériode de 16h jour/8h nuit. Les résultats ont montré des fréquences élevées de régénération et de transformation pour les deux cultivars Kibanda meno mkubwa et TMS 60444. Des fréquences élevées d’induction de callosités (>98%) ont été obtenues pour les deux cultivars, lorsque 2,4-D et Picloram ont été utilisés. De la même façon, les deux embryogenèses somatiques initiées a l’auxine, avec des explants de tiges et du Picloram ont exhibe la fréquence la plus élevée d’embryon somatique (>92%) en TMS 60444. Des essais de Gus ont révélés des fréquences élevées de transformation >77% (TMS 60444) et 60% (Kibanda meno mkubwa). Ce protocole offre des perspectives pour l’amélioration rapide de ces cultivars, et par conséquent, fournit une plateforme pour la production de matériels de culture propres, mais aussi servira d’outil dans les programmes d’amélioration génétique visant la lutte contre les maladies virales.
Tomographic regionalization of crustal Lg Q in eastern Eurasia

We measure Q of crustal Lg waves in eastern Eurasia using the reliable two‐station methods. More than 5,000 spectral ratios are collected over 594 interstation paths, and are used to determine values of Lg Q0 and η (Q at 1 Hz and its frequency dependence) over these paths. These values are used to derive tomographic models of laterally varying Q0 and η with resolutions between 4 and 10°. The Q0 model contains values that vary between 100 and 900. Q0 are the lowest in the Tibetan plateau, increase to moderate levels towards the east and north, and reach maxima in the Siberian and eastern Europe Cratons. Q0 values correlate well with regional tectonics. Most η values are between −0.14 and 0.50, with a mean of 0.18. These values are lower than those obtained previously using either an Lg coda Q method, or a method of simultaneous inversion of source spectra and Q.
Compressive sensing for multipolarization through-the-wall radar imaging

This chapter considers sparsity-driven moving target indication. A radar imaging system can recognize an animate target indoors by a change in target position. The course of that change can be continuously or nonconsecutively monitored by the radar. The target location over time can be guided by a particular model or characterized by a specific motion profile. In this case, using a sequence of radar pulses, target velocity and its derivatives, including acceleration, can be obtained by estimating the corresponding Doppler frequency and higher-order motion parameters. Alternatively, the radar may illuminate the scene at particular time instants to capture the target at different positions. Detection of target position variations by subtraction of data or images at different time instants is the foundation of change detection where details of motion profile 251 © 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 252 Compressive Sensing for Urban Radar are difficult to discern and become irrelevant to motion indication. These instants can be widely separated, several pulses apart, or consecutive to detect short human movements. Whether motion modeling and characterization is performed or change detection is applied, we show in this chapter that the targets, maintaining or migrating their range, can be localized with significantly reduced amount of data due to sparseness in space and velocity. 8.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE THERMAL EFFECTS INDUCED BY A RFID ANTENNA IN VIALS OF BLOOD PLASMA

This paper presents a numerical study of the thermal effects induced by a commercial RFID antenna in vials filled with blood plasma. The antenna is located under a conveyor belt which transports cardboard boxes bearing test tubes or pooling bottles. Part of the energy used to read the RFID tags penetrates into the vials and heats the plasma. Our aim is to assess if the RFID technology can alter the quality of the blood plasma by increasing excessively its temperature. To do so, we first compute the specific absorption rate inside the vials with the finite element method. Then, assuming that no heat dissipation process is present, we estimate the number of continuous reading cycles required to increase the plasma temperature 0.1oC in the worst-case scenario.
A Method for the Calculation of the Tip Clearance Flow Effects in Axial Flow Compressors: Part I — Description of Basic Models

Theoretical models for the investigation of the phenomena connected with the tip clearance are presented. The mass flow rate through the gap, the formation and evolution of the leakage vortex and the losses occurring inside and downstream of the gap are considered.Firstly, a model was developed for the description of the flow through the gap, which uses different simple velocity profiles at the gap exit. The model recognizes the basic flow characteristics inside the gap.A new method is proposed for the calculation of the shed vorticity and the formation of the leakage vortex. The moment of momentum equation is used along with the conservation of mass, in order to provide the circulation of the leakage vortex.A diffusion model for the vorticity distribution is used for the calculation of the pressure deficit field, so that the total pressure losses due to the presence of the leakage vortex, are derived. Theoretical results are compared to experimental ones for compressor and turbine cascades as well as for single rotors. The agreement between theory and experiment is good.Copyright © 1993 by ASME
FAST ALGEBRAIC CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION – PART I

In this paper a new fast convolution algorithm is introduced. The concept of this new algorithm is fully algebraic. Therefore, no roundoff errors occur. The signal length N is a prime power N = p, p ≥ 2. Hence the paper generalizes the results of previous papers [13,14,19] for power of 2 lengths. The cyclic convolution of signals of length N is interpreted as a multiplication of polynomials of degree N − 1 modulo the polynomial X − 1. The calculation in our new method is done in a finite field extension of the field Q of rational numbers. To minimize the number of operations, an extension field Q[ω] is chosen, with ω as a symbolic root of unity and deg [ Q[ω] : Q ] = ( p− 1
Factors to drive clinical practice improvement in a Malaysian intensive care unit : Assessment of organisational readiness using a mixed method approach

This study assessed organisational readiness and factors to drive clinical practice improvement for VAP, CRBSI and PU in a Malaysian intensive care unit (ICU). A mixed method study approach was undertaken in a 16-bed ICU in regional Malaysia using an environmental scan, key informant interviews, staff surveys, and patient audit to elucidate factors contributing to planning for clinical practice improvement. Measurements of sustainability of practice and regard for the practice environment were assessed using validated measures. An environmental scan demonstrated high Factors to drive clinical practice improvement in a Malaysian intensive care unit Volume 5, Issue 1, April 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPLE RESEARCH APPROACHES 105 patient occupancy and case load. Nineteen percent of ICU patients developed complications according to validated measures. Survey results indicated that the majority of nurses had a good knowledge of strategies to prevent ICU complications and a positive attitude toward change processes. Engaging executive leadership was identifi ed as crucial in priming the clinical site for practice change. Providing nurses with tools to monitor their clinical practice and empowering them to change practices are important in improving clinical outcomes.
"Relative Continuity" for Non-Lipschitz Nonsmooth Convex Optimization Using Stochastic (or Deterministic) Mirror Descent

The usual approach to developing and analyzing first-order methods for non-smooth (stochastic or deterministic) convex optimization assumes that the objective function is uniformly Lipschitz continuous with parameter $M_f$. However, in many settings the non-differentiable convex function $f(\cdot)$ is not uniformly Lipschitz continuous -- for example (i) the classical support vector machine (SVM) problem, (ii) the problem of minimizing the maximum of convex quadratic functions, and even (iii) the univariate setting with $f(x) := \max\{0, x\} + x^2$. Herein we develop a notion of "relative continuity" that is determined relative to a user-specified "reference function" $h(\cdot)$ (that should be computationally tractable for algorithms), and we show that many non-differentiable convex functions are relatively continuous with respect to a correspondingly fairly-simple reference function $h(\cdot)$. We also similarly develop a notion of "relative stochastic continuity" for the stochastic setting. We analysis two standard algorithms -- the (deterministic) mirror descent algorithm and the stochastic mirror descent algorithm -- for solving optimization problems in these two new settings, and we develop for the first time computational guarantees for instances where the objective function is not uniformly Lipschitz continuous. This paper is a companion paper for non-differentiable convex optimization to the recent paper by Lu, Freund, and Nesterov, which developed similar sorts of results for differentiable convex optimization.
Integral field spectroscopy of nitrogen overabundant blue compact dwarf galaxies

This is an electronic version of an article published in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Perez-Montero, E. , Vilchez, J.M. , Cedres, B. , Hagele, G.F. , Molla, M. , Kehrig, C. , Diaz, A.I., Garcia-Benito, R. and D. Martin-Gordon. Integral field spectroscopy of nitrogen overabundant blue compact dwarf galaxies. Astronomy and Astrophysics 532 (2011): A141
Protocols Security for Wireless Sensor Networks

As wireless sensor networks are growing fast so they need for effective security mechanisms as well. Sensor networks interact with sensitive data and operate in a hostile unattended environment, hence security concerns be addressed from the beginning of the network design. Due to resource and computing constraints, the biggest challenge in sensor network is to provide security in routing protocols. Many sensor network routing protocol have been proposed, but a very few have been designed with security as a goal. Asymmetric cryptographic algorithms are not suitable for sensor network providing security, as sensor nodes has limited computation, power and storage resources. On the other hand, it is not feasible to replace the batteries of thousands of sensor nodes, hence sensing, computing and communication protocols must be made as energy efficient as possible. There is currently enormous research potential in the field of wireless sensor network security. Thus, we need to be familiar with the current research in this field.
Organisational routines – the interplay of legal standards and professional discretion

Discretion is described as a hallmark of professional work. Professional discretion rests on trust in the ability of certain occupational groups to make sound decisions ‘on behalf’ of societal authorities. It has been suggested that in Europe, managerialist-influenced policies with increased focus on control and accountability have placed pressure on professional discretion. Although earlier studies have demonstrated tensions between external and internal accountability, they have not highlighted how legal forms of authority are key aspects in the regulation of education, or how professionals handle legal standards in their practices. The purpose of this study is to understand the interplay between legal standards and professional discretion. An organisational-routines perspective is used to examine this interplay. Empirically, the students’ legal rights to a good psychosocial environment are used as a case. Based on interviews with principals, deputies and teachers in Norwegian schools, the paper examines how legal norms are translated into social practices, and how practitioners construct and legitimise their work. The study shows how preventive and remedial measures are prevalent in Norwegian schools. When laws and regulations require specific procedures, they are transformed into routines based on the schools’ iterative practices. The study adds an empirical analysis to current understandings of juridification in education.
Myocardial Self-Repair and Congenital Heart Disease

In this chapter we will explore the current understanding about the dynamics of myocardial cell populations after birth and how they may contribute to homeostasis and response to injury. Recent investigations of myocardial cell biology have revealed that the heart is not the terminally differentiated organ it was once thought to be. We now know that myocardium contains limited populations of cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) that are capable of generating all myocardial cell types. The changes in myocardial cell populations with time and the role these changes play in neonatal myocardial tissue expansion will be discussed. The contribution of CPC to heart growth and therapeutic strategies for congenital cardiac diseases will be explored.
Strati cation in polarization and Faraday rotation in the jet of 3 C 120

Very long baseline interferometric observations of the radio galaxy 3C 120 show a systematic presence of gradients in Faraday rotation and degree of polarization across and along the jet. These are revealed by the passage of multiple superluminal components throughout the jet as they move out from the core in a sequence of 12 monthly polarimetric observations taken with the VLBA at 15, 22, and 43 GHz. The degree of polarization has an asymmetric profile in which the northern side of the jet is more highly polarized. The Faraday rotation measure is also stratified across the jet width, with larger values for the southern side. Superposed on this structure we find a localized region of high Faraday rotation measure (∼ 6000 rad m−2) between approximately 3 and 4 mas from the core. This region of enhanced Faraday rotation may result from the interaction of the jet with the ambient medium, which may also explain the stratification in degree of polarization. The data are also consistent with a helical magnetic field in a two-fluid jet model, consisting of an inner emitting jet and a sheath of nonrelativistic electrons.
The Determinants of CPI Inflation in Bangladesh, 1980-2016

This paper investigates the major determinants of CPI inflation in Bangladesh by employing Johansen? s Cointegration technique and the associated Vector Error Correction Model using the annual data series from 1980 to 2016. The study examines a wide range of variables covering all major sectors, such as money supply, exchange rate (monetary sector), GDP (real sector), exports, imports (external sector), government expenditure, government revenue (fiscal sector) to find the major determinants of CPI inflation. The paper finds that GDP and imports are the two major sources of CPI inflation while government revenue and money supply have a moderate effect on CPI inflation in the long run. The study also reveals that exports, government expenditure, and exchange rate do not cause CPI inflation rather negatively affect CPI inflation in Bangladesh. In the short run, the previous year? s CPI inflation has a strong influence, while the previous year? s imports has a moderate influence on the current year? s CPI inflation in Bangladesh.
Optical Detection of Protein Adsorption on Doped Titanium Surface

The frequently used biomaterial in hard tissue replacement, such as dental and orthopaedic implants, is titanium. (Ball et al., 1996; Hook et al., 2002a; Huang et al., 2003; Imamura et al., 2008; Jones et al., 2000; Walivaara et al., 1994; Yang et al., 2003) These kind of biomaterial applications made of titanium are satisfactory products, because of their ability to adsorb certain proteins. After implantation, within a few seconds, the biomaterial surface becomes coated with a film of adsorbed proteins mediating the interaction between the implant and the body environment. Since an implant is exposed to blood during implantation, the initial protein layer is mainly composed of plasma proteins. Human plasma fibrinogen (HPF) is the relevant protein, which adsorbs on biomaterial surfaces. HPF partakes in blood coagulation, facilitates adhesion and aggregation of platelets (Cacciafesta et al., 2001; 2000). The structure and composition of the adsorbed protein layer determine the type and extent of the subsequent biological reactions, such as activation of coagulation and immune response and osseointegration (Nygren et al., 1997). Thus, the initially adsorbed protein layer is a factor determining the biocompatibility , and also in recent years interest has been focused to preparation of hydrocarbons doped with Ti and used different methods to analyzing of biocompatibility for important proteins . The production and application of doped titanium surfaces are under intensive research, and the results have shown the positive views on the adaptation of these materials as a biomaterial, as equal or even better than the bulk titanium. The doping of titanium is performed typically by inserting impurities like N, Nb, Zr, Ta, Al, Cr and V.
Theoretical Coding : Text Analysis in Grounded Theory

Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss (1967) created in their grounded theory a comprehensive idea of the epistemological and research process in the social sciences (see 2.1, 6.6). It extends from the first ideas of a research question to the production of the report on results (see 5.22). Data collection, analysis and formulation of theory are closely interrelated. The label grounded theory is often used to refer to both the method and also the research result that is sought through the use of this theory. On the basis of empirical research in a particular object area it makes it possible to formulate a valid theory for this area consisting of interrelated concepts and suitable for the production of a description and an explanation of the social phenomena investigated.
Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Earthquake Response Analysis of a Bridge-Foundation-Ground System

This paper presents a two-dimensional advanced nonlinear FE model of an actual bridge, the Humboldt Bay Middle Channel (HBMC) Bridge, and its response to seismic input motions. This computational model is developed in the new structural analysis software framework OpenSees. The foundation soil is included to incorporate soil-foundation-structure interaction effects. Realistic nonlinear constitutive models for cyclic loading are used for the structural (concrete and reinforcing steel) and soil materials. The materials in the various soil layers are modeled using multi-yield-surface plasticity models incorporating liquefaction effects. Lysmer-type absorbing/transmitting boundaries are employed to avoid spurious wave reflections along the boundaries of the computational soil domain. Both procedures and results of earthquake response analysis are presented. The simulation results indicate that the earthquake response of the bridge is significantly affected by inelastic deformations of the supporting soil medium due to lateral spreading induced by soil liquefaction.
Exciton spectra in vertical stacks of triple and quadruple quantum dots in an electric field

We study an electron-hole pair in a stack of multiple quantum dots in the presence of an external electric field using the configuration-interaction approach. We find that the bright energy levels can be grouped into families which are associated with the hole localized in a specific dot of the stack. The exciton energy levels undergo avoided crossings as function of the external electric field with different patterns for each family. We show that the variation of the depths of the dots along the stack can be deduced from the exciton spectrum. For stronger coupling the families are mixed by a weak electric field due to hole tunneling. This results in a characteristic multiple avoided crossing of energy levels belonging to different families with an accompanying modulation of the recombination probabilities and an appearance of a single particularly bright state. Discussion of a simple modeling of these avoided crossings is provided.