Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations of environmental and lifestyle factors with spatial navigation in younger and older adults

Abstract Objective: Advanced age is associated with prominent impairment in allocentric navigation dependent on the hippocampus. This study examined whether age-related impairment in allocentric navigation and strategy selection was associated with sleep disruption or circadian rest-activity fragmentation. Further, we examined whether associations with navigation were moderated by perceived stress and physical activity. Method: Sleep fragmentation and total sleep time over the course of 1 week were assayed in younger (n = 42) and older (n = 37) adults via wrist actigraphy. Subsequently, participants completed cognitive mapping and route learning tasks, as well a measure of spontaneous navigation strategy selection. Measurements of perceived stress and an actigraphy-based index of physical activity were also obtained. Circadian rest-activity fragmentation was estimated via actigraphy post-hoc. Results: Age was associated with reduced cognitive mapping, route learning, allocentric strategy use, and total sleep time (ps < .01), replicating prior findings. Novel findings included that sleep fragmentation increased with advancing age (p = .009) and was associated with lower cognitive mapping (p = .022) within the older adult cohort. Total sleep time was not linearly associated with the navigation tasks (ps > .087). Post-hoc analyses revealed that circadian rest-activity fragmentation increased with advancing age within the older adults (p = .026) and was associated with lower cognitive mapping across the lifespan (p = .001) and within older adults (p = .005). Neither stress nor physical activity were robust moderators of sleep fragmentation associations with the navigation tasks (ps > .113). Conclusion: Sleep fragmentation and circadian rest-activity fragmentation are potential contributing factors to age effects on cognitive mapping within older adults.
The roles of familial transmission and smoking during pregnancy on executive function skills: A sibling-comparison study

Abstract This research examines maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk for poorer executive function in siblings discordant for exposure. Data (N = 173 families) were drawn from the Missouri Mothers and Their Children study, a sample, identified using birth records (years 1998–2005), in which mothers changed smoking behavior between two pregnancies (Child 1 [older sibling]: Mage = 12.99; Child 2 [younger sibling]: Mage = 10.19). A sibling comparison approach was used, providing a robust test for the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and different aspects of executive function in early-mid adolescence. Results suggested within-family (i.e., potentially causal) associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and one working memory task (visual working memory) and one response inhibition task (color-word interference), with increased exposure associated with decreased performance. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was not associated with stop-signal reaction time, cognitive flexibility/set-shifting, or auditory working memory. Initial within-family associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and visual working memory as well as color-word interference were fully attenuated in a model including child and familial covariates. These findings indicate that exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy may be associated with poorer performance on some, but not all skills assessed; however, familial transmission of risk for low executive function appears more important.
An accurate H2–H2 interaction potential from first principles

We have calculated the potential energy surface extrapolated to the complete basis set limit using coupled-cluster theory with singles, doubles, and perturbational triples excitations [CCSD(T)] for the rigid monomer model of (H2)2. There is significant anisotropy among the 37 unique angular configurations selected to represent the surface. A four term spherical harmonics expansion model was chosen to fit the surface. The calculated potential energy surface reproduces the quadrupole moment to within 0.58% and the experimental well depth to within 1%. The second virial coefficient has been computed from the fitted potential energy surface. The usual semiclassical treatment of quantum mechanical effects on the second virial coefficient was applied in the temperature range of 100–500 K. We have developed a new technique for computing the quantum second virial coefficient by combining Feynman’s path integral formalism and Monte Carlo integration. The calculated virial coefficient compares very well with publis.
Long-term follow-up of the radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: the value of additional treatment

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of additional radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment for benign thyroid nodules. Methods Electronic medical records at a single institution from September 2008 to August 2016 were searched, and consecutive patients treated with RFA due to benign thyroid nodules with cosmetic or symptomatic problems were enrolled. All patients were followed up for at least 30 months. The nodules were divided into three groups: group 1 included nodules that met the criteria for additional treatment and underwent additional treatment, group 2 included nodules that met the criteria but did not undergo additional treatment, and group 3 included nodules that did not meet the criteria. The ablation results were compared among the three groups in terms of the initial ablation ratio (IAR) and volume reduction ratio (VRR). Results Ninety nodules from 88 patients were included in the study. At the last follow-up, group 1 showed a significantly smaller nodule volume and larger VRR (2.5 mL and 84.6%, respectively) than group 2 (8.1 mL and 39.8%, respectively, P<0.001), but did not present a significant difference from group 3 (0.9 mL, P=0.347, and 92.8%, P=0.238). The IAR was significantly higher in group 3 (94.5%) than in the other two groups (group 1, 81.1%; group 2, 82.8%; P<0.001). Conclusion Multiple treatment sessions achieve greater VRR. Therefore, additional treatment could be considered for patients who meet the corresponding criteria.
Prioritizing Hormone Therapy Over Vigabatrin as the First Treatment for Infantile Spasms

Background and Objectives Infantile spasms (IS) are early childhood seizures with potentially devastating consequences. Standard therapies (adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH], high-dose prednisolone, and vigabatrin) are strongly recommended as the first treatment for IS. Although this recommendation comes without preference for one standard therapy over another, early remission rates are higher with hormone therapy (ACTH and high-dose prednisolone) when compared with vigabatrin. Using quality improvement (QI) methodology that included hormone therapy as the first treatment, we sought to increase the percentage of children with new-onset nontuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)–associated IS achieving 3-month electroclinical remission from a mean of 53.8% to ≥70%. Methods This was an observational consecutive sample cohort study at a single academic tertiary care hospital that compared a prospective intervention cohort (May 2019–January 2022, N = 57) with a retrospective baseline cohort (November 2015–April 2019, N = 67). Our initiative addressed key drivers such as the routine use of vigabatrin over hormone therapy as first treatment and the common initiation of a second treatment after 14 days for initial nonresponders. We included consecutive children without TSC presenting with new-onset IS diagnosed and treated between ages 2 and 24 months. We displayed our primary outcome and process measures as control charts in which the centerline is the quarterly (previous 3 months) mean based on statistical process control methodology. Results QI interventions that included the standardization of hormone therapy as the first treatment resulted in higher rates of 3-month remission, rising from 53.8% (baseline cohort) to 75.9% (intervention cohort). Process measure results included an increased rate of children receiving hormone therapy as first treatment (mean, 44.6%–100%) and a decreased number of days to both clinical follow-up after first treatment (mean, of 16.3‐12.6 days) and starting a second treatment within 14 days for initial nonresponders (mean, 36.3‐17.2 days). Discussion For children with IS, improved rates of 3-month electroclinical remission can be achieved with QI methodology. Implementation of similar QI initiatives at other centers may likewise improve local remission rates.
Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain by inhibition of the miRNA21-TLR8-mitogen-activated protein kinase axis

Ginsenoside Rh2 is one of the major bioactive ginsenosides in Panax ginseng. Although Rh2 is known to enhance immune cells activity for treatment of cancer, its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects have yet to be determined. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rh2 on spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain and elucidated the potential mechanisms. We found that various doses of Rh2 intrathecal injection dose-dependently attenuated SNI-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Rh2 also inhibited microglia and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord of a murine SNI model. Rh2 treatment inhibited SNI-induced increase of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6. Expression of miRNA-21, an endogenous ligand of Toll like receptor (TLR)8 was also decreased. Rh2 treatment blocked the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway by inhibiting of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression. Finally, intrathecal injection of TLR8 agonist VTX-2337 reversed the analgesic effect of Rh2. These results indicated that Rh2 relieved SNI-induced neuropathic pain via inhibiting the miRNA-21-TLR8-MAPK signaling pathway, thus providing a potential application of Rh2 in pain therapy.
Estimating High-Dimensional Time Series Models

We study the asymptotic properties of the Adaptive LASSO (adaLASSO) in sparse,high-dimensional, linear time-series models. We assume both the number of covariates in the model and candidate variables can increase with the number of observations and the number of candidate variables is, possibly, larger than the number of observations. We show the adaLASSO consistently chooses the relevant variables as the number of observations increases (model selection consistency), and has the oracle property, even when the errors are non-Gaussian and conditionally heteroskedastic. A simulation study shows the method performs well in very general settings. Finally, we consider two applications: in the first one the goal is to forecast quarterlyUS inflation one-step ahead, and in the second we are interested in the excess return of the S&P500 index. The method used outperforms the usual benchmarks in the literature.
Crystal structure and electrical properties of epitaxial SrBi2Ta2O9 films

The crystal structure and electrical properties were investigated for (001)- and (116)-oriented SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films deposited on (100) SrTiO3 and (100)SrRuO3∥(100)SrTiO3 substrates, and (110) SrTiO3 and (110)SrRuO3∥(110)SrTiO3 substrates, respectively. Both oriented SBT films were epitaxially grown with high crystal perfection, and twinning existed in the (116)-oriented one. Both oriented SBT films were found to form c/6 lattice displacements to relax the stress. The interface of the (001)-oriented film did not include misfit dislocations, defects, and an interfacial layer, and that of the (116)-oriented film included the lattice strain contrast due to an irregular atomic arrangement. The electrical property of the SBT film shows anisotropy of the ferroelectricity along the c- and a-axis directions; the remanent polarizations of the (001)- and (116)-oriented SBT films were 0 and 10.5 μC/cm2, respectively.
ALTERATIONS WITHIN CEREBELLAR CIRCUITRY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GENERAL LIABILITY FOR COMMON MENTAL DISORDERS. Molecular Psychiatry, 23, 1084-1090

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Acute Stress Selectively Reduces Reward Sensitivity how this access benefits you. Your story matters

Stress may promote the onset of psychopathology by disrupting reward processing. 2 However, the extent to which stress impairs reward processing, rather than incentive 3 processing more generally, is unclear. To evaluate the specificity of stress-induced 4 reward processing disruption, 100 psychiatrically healthy females were administered a 5 probabilistic stimulus selection task enabling comparison of sensitivity to reward-driven 6 (Go) and punishment-driven (NoGo) learning under either ‘no stress’ or ‘stress’ (threat- 7 of-shock) conditions. Cortisol samples and self-report measures were collected. Contrary 8 to hypotheses, the groups did not differ significantly in task performance or cortisol 9 reactivity. However, further analyses focusing only on individuals under ‘stress’ who 10 were high responders with regard to both cortisol reactivity and self-reported negative 11 affect revealed reduced reward sensitivity relative to individuals tested in the ‘no stress’ 12 condition; importantly, these deficits were reward-specific. Overall, findings provide 13 preliminary evidence that stress-reactive individuals show diminished sensitivity to 14 reward but not punishment under stress. While such results highlight the possibility that 15 stress-induced anhedonia might be an important mechanism linking stress to affective 16 disorders, future studies are necessary to confirm this conjecture. 17 18
Self Contact: Enhancing Virtual Reality Experience Recovering Kinaesthetic Feedback

—Despite the considerable technological progress of haptic technology, to date there are still no wearable systems capable of providing both kinaesthetic and cutaneous feedback that are universally recognized and adopted outside the research contexts. This is particularly evident when dealing with virtual reality, where the lack of truthful tactile feedback has often been addressed by exploiting Pseudo-Haptics methods. Being designed to indirectly stimulate the somatosensory system, these methods are not meant to be integrated with haptic devices. With the idea of providing a meeting point between the haptic and pseudo-haptic ﬁelds, we propose the Self Contact paradigm: exploiting the pseudo-haptic principles to lead the user in generating a real kinaesthetic feedback through the contact between the ﬁngers. Self Contact can be implemented alone or in combination with haptic thimbles, allowing to complete the set of tactile stimuli that is necessary for a realistic interaction with virtual objects in pick and place operations. A step-wise validation demonstrated that the proposed approach is suitable for recovering the kinaes-thetic feedback into virtual reality, towards the development of increasingly immersive environments.
novel DNA-binding protein that binds to the 1.686 g/cm 3 10 bp satellite repeat of Drosophilia melanogaster

Prod is a ABSTRACT The proliferationdisrupter(prod) gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a novel protein associated with centromeric chromosomal regions that is required for chromatin condensation and cell viability. We have examined the binding of the Prod protein to DNA in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that Prod is a DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes the 10 bp AGAATAACAT satellite repeat of D.melanogaster. Footprinting experiments show that the protein inter-acts with a 5–8 bp target sequence in each 10 bp repeat and suggest that it can mediate condensation of this satellite into a superhelix. Gel retardation experiments indicate that Prod does not have a well defined DNA-binding domain and it binds the satellite in a co-operative manner, probably forming Prod multimers. Since Prod localizes to both heterochromatin and euchromatin in vivo, we discuss the possibility that the ability of pre-existing euchromatic proteins to bind DNA in a co-operative manner, might be a prerequisite of satellite compaction and satellite amplification, thereby providing a basic factor in heterochromatin evolution.
DDDT_A_279553 4975..4992

1Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
Synthesis of the Biology, Fisheries and Management of the White Sea Urchin, Tripneustes ventricosus , in the Caribbean

The white sea urchin, Tripneustes ventricosus , is common in shallow coastal waters of the tropical Atlantic, and is widely distributed in the Caribbean. This species is short-lived with a maximum life span of 2 - 3 years. It reaches sexual maturity in one year at around 6 - 7cm test diameter. T. ventricosus supports small scale commercially important seasonal fisheries in several islands in the eastern Caribbean including St. Lucia, Barbados, Grenada and to some extent, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and harvesting typically begins in September to October. Methods of harvesting may vary among the islands but generally fishers collect both male and female urchins by free-diving. Despite significant management and conservation efforts by some countries, sea urchin population abundance has declined locally. Management approaches range from command-and-control regulation by governments to community-level responsibility. Management tools include closed seasons and even complete closures, minimum size and limited licensing. Understanding the large fluctuations in local population size and implementing sound management practices in the sea urchin fisheries is critical to the sustainable use of this resource in the future, and would benefit enormously from a sharing of information and management experiences. To this end we have attempted to synthesise past and current research and information on this species. Past research has focused mainly on the ecology, life history, fishery characteristics and management of the species, whilst limited information also exists on genetic population structure. Current research is focused on governance and investigation of social-ecological networks within the sea urchin fishery. d’énormes bénéfices qui suivent des échanges d’informations et d’expériences de gestion. A ce propos, nous avons tenté de de synthétiser des recherches passées et courrantes ainsi que des reseignments sur l’espèce. Les recherches passées se concentraient surtout sur l’écologie, les traits d’histoire de vie, les caractéristiques de la pêche et la gestion de l’espèce ainsi que quelques informations limitées sur leur structure génétique. Les recherches courrantes se concentrent davantage sur la governance et l’investigation des réseaux socio-écologique à l’enceinte des petites pêches des gamins blancs. MOTS CLÉS: Gamins blancs, Tripneutes ventricosus , Caraïbes, recherche synthèse
Delivering the Science Synthesis: FuelsTools Delivering the Science Synthesis: FuelsTools

To facilitate delivery and use of the Fuels Planning: Science Synthesis and Integration Project’s (Project) products, the Project team engaged in a series of technology transfer activities throughout the life of the project. These included bringing land managers into the design and development phase, funding and stafﬁng a speciﬁc delivery phase, and conducting an external evaluation to focus future activities. Our plans were informed by concepts central to the diffusion of the innovation theory; in turn, our activities deepened our understanding of the theory and its application to fuels management.
Radioimmunoassay of Prostate-Specific Antigen

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AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) Knowledge Barriers to Diffusion of Telemedicine

Telemedicine is one proposed solution to problems of accessibility, quality, and costs of medical care. Although telemedicine applications have proliferated in recent years, their diffusion has remained low in terms of the volume of consultations. In this study, Attewell’s (1992) theory of knowledge barriers is extended to explain why diffusion of telemedicine remains low. In case studies of telemedicine programs in three world-renowned medical centers in Boston, Massachusetts, we find that, in addition to technical knowledge barriers, as suggested by Attewell, there are economic, organizational, and behavioral knowledge barriers that inhibit the diffusion of telemedicine. The lowering of these barriers entails intensive learning efforts by proponents of applications within adopter organizations. They need to develop technically feasible, medically valid, reimbursable, and institutionally supported applications in order to justify the value of telemedicine and engender frequent and consistent use by physicians.