Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of shifts in marine biodiversity hotspots on patterns of range evolution: Evidence from the Holocentridae (squirrelfishes and soldierfishes)

One of the most striking biodiversity patterns is the uneven distribution of marine species richness, with species diversity in the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA) exceeding all other areas. However, the IAA formed fairly recently, and marine biodiversity hotspots have shifted across nearly half the globe since the Paleogene. Understanding how lineages have responded to shifting biodiversity hotspots represents a necessary historic perspective on the formation and maintenance of global marine biodiversity. Such evolutionary inferences are often challenged by a lack of fossil evidence that provide insights into historic patterns of abundance and diversity. The greatest diversity of squirrelfishes and soldierfishes (Holocentridae) is in the IAA, yet these fishes also represent some of the most numerous fossil taxa in deposits of the former West Tethyan biodiversity hotspot. We reconstruct the pattern of holocentrid range evolution using time‐calibrated phylogenies that include most living species and several fossil lineages, demonstrating the importance of including fossil species as terminal taxa in ancestral area reconstructions. Holocentrids exhibit increased range fragmentation following the West Tethyan hotspot collapse. However, rather than originating within the emerging IAA hotspot, the IAA has acted as a reservoir for holocentrid diversity that originated in adjacent regions over deep evolutionary time scales.
Graph Transformations for the Resource Description Framework

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to facilitate the representation and exchange of structured (meta-)data in the "SemanticWeb". While there is a large body of work dealing with inference on RDF, a concept for transformation and manipulation is still missing. Since RDF uses graphs as a formal basis, this paper proposes the use of algebraic graph transformations with their wealth of well-known constructions and results for this purpose. It turns out that RDF graphs are an interesting application area for graph transformation methods, where some significant differences to classical graphs yield practically relevant solutions for features like attribution, typing and globally unique nodes.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Ca2+-Linked Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Are Essential for Endothelial/Leukocyte Adherence

ABSTRACT Receptor-mediated signaling is commonly associated with multiple functions, including the production of reactive oxygen species. However, whether mitochondrion-derived superoxide (mROS) contributes directly to physiological signaling is controversial. Here we demonstrate a previously unknown mechanism in which physiologic Ca2+-evoked mROS production plays a pivotal role in endothelial cell (EC) activation and leukocyte firm adhesion. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and tyrosine kinase-mediated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake resulted in NADPH oxidase-independent mROS production. However, GPCR-linked mROS production did not alter mitochondrial function or trigger cell death but rather contributed to activation of NF-κΒ and leukocyte adhesion via the EC induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Dismutation of mROS by manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression and a cell-permeative superoxide dismutase mimetic ablated NF-κΒ transcriptional activity and facilitated leukocyte detachment from the endothelium under simulated circulation following GPCR- but not cytokine-induced activation. These results demonstrate that mROS is the downstream effector molecule that translates receptor-mediated Ca2+ signals into proinflammatory signaling and leukocyte/EC firm adhesion.
The Alkalinity and Total Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the World Oceans *

The titration alkalinity and total carbon dioxide concentration data obtained during the GEOSECS Expeditions, 1972-1977, in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans have been summarized. The oceans have been divided into seven oceanic regions, and the mean vertical distributions of the alkalinity and total CO2 concentration have been computed. In addition, the vertical distributions of these quantities as well as salinity and potential temperature for the mean world ocean have been computed using the regional mean values. Based upon these values, the total CO2 content of the world oceans has been estimated to be 3.16XlOI2 MC02. The CO] = ion concentration at the in situ temperature and pressure conditions have been computed using the alkalinity and total CO2 data. The regional mean vertical profiles for the CO] = ion in seawater are presented and discussed.
A 59GHz-to-67GHz 65nm-CMOS high efficiency Power Amplifier

A two-stage single-ended Power Amplifier (PA) is fabricated for the 60GHz Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) standard. It is based on the 65nm CMOS technology from STMicroelectronics. The PA is biased in class A and uses distributed elements to perform impedances matching. S-parameters and large signal simulations are validated by measurement results. Load pull measurements are performed to get the best operation of the PA. It achieves a saturated output power (Psat) of 12dB and offers Power Added Efficiency (PAE) of 15%. The die area is 0.29mm2 with pads.
Application of microautoradiography to the study of substrate uptake by filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge

Excessive growth of filamentous microorganisms in activated-sludge treatment plants is a major operational problem which causes poor settlement of activated sludge. An enhanced understanding of the factors controlling growth of different filamentous microorganisms is necessary in order to establish more successful control strategies. In the present study, the in situ substrate uptake was investigated by means of microautoradiography. It was demonstrated that the uptake of labeled organic substrates by the filamentous microorganisms, during short-term incubation, could be detected by microautoradiography. Viability and respiratory activity of the filaments were also detected by reduction of CTC (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride) and by incorporation of [(sup3)H]thymidine. Gram, Neisser, and fluorescence staining techniques were used for the localization and identification of the filaments. Activated-sludge samples from five wastewater treatment plants with bulking problems due to filamentous microorganisms were investigated. Microthrix parvicella, Nostocoida limicola, and Eikelboom's type 0041 and type 021N were investigated for their ability to take up organic substrates. A panel of six substrates, i.e., [(sup14)C]acetate, [(sup3)H]glucose, [(sup14)C]ethanol, [(sup3)H]glycine, [(sup3)H]leucine, and [(sup3)H]oleic acid, was tested. The uptake response was found to be very specific not only between the different filamentous types but also among filaments of the same type from different treatment plants. Interestingly, M. parvicella consistently took up only oleic acid among the tested substrates. It is concluded that microautoradiography is a useful method for investigation of in situ substrate uptake by filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge.
The influence of teacher feedback on children's perceptions of student-teacher relationships.

BACKGROUND Teachers can deliver feedback using person ('you are clever') or process terms ('you worked hard'). Person feedback can lead to negative academic outcomes, but there is little experimental research examining the impact of feedback on children's perceptions of the student-teacher relationship. AIM We examined the effects of person, process, and no feedback on children's perceptions of their relationship with a (fictional) teacher following success and failure. SAMPLES Participants were British children (145 aged 9-11 in experiment 1 and 98 aged 7-11 in experiment 2). METHOD In experiment 1, participants read three scenarios where they succeeded and received one of two types of praise (person or process) or no praise. Participants then read two scenarios where they failed. In experiment 2, participants read that they had failed in three tasks and received one of two types of criticism (person or process) or no criticism. Participants then read two scenarios where they succeeded. They rated how much they liked the teacher and how much they felt that the teacher liked them. RESULTS Children felt more positive about the student-teacher relationship following success than failure. Type of praise did not influence perceptions of the student-teacher relationship following success or failure. However, person criticism led children to view the student-teacher relationship more negatively following failure and maintain this negative view following the first success. CONCLUSIONS Success appears to be important for developing positive student-teacher relationships. In response to failure, teachers could avoid person criticism which may negatively influence the student-teacher relationship.
Toward a brain-based componential semantic representation

ABSTRACT Componential theories of lexical semantics assume that concepts can be represented by sets of features or attributes that are in some sense primitive or basic components of meaning. The binary features used in classical category and prototype theories are problematic in that these features are themselves complex concepts, leaving open the question of what constitutes a primitive feature. The present availability of brain imaging tools has enhanced interest in how concepts are represented in brains, and accumulating evidence supports the claim that these representations are at least partly “embodied” in the perception, action, and other modal neural systems through which concepts are experienced. In this study we explore the possibility of devising a componential model of semantic representation based entirely on such functional divisions in the human brain. We propose a basic set of approximately 65 experiential attributes based on neurobiological considerations, comprising sensory, motor, spatial, temporal, affective, social, and cognitive experiences. We provide normative data on the salience of each attribute for a large set of English nouns, verbs, and adjectives, and show how these attribute vectors distinguish a priori conceptual categories and capture semantic similarity. Robust quantitative differences between concrete object categories were observed across a large number of attribute dimensions. A within- versus between-category similarity metric showed much greater separation between categories than representations derived from distributional (latent semantic) analysis of text. Cluster analyses were used to explore the similarity structure in the data independent of a priori labels, revealing several novel category distinctions. We discuss how such a representation might deal with various longstanding problems in semantic theory, such as feature selection and weighting, representation of abstract concepts, effects of context on semantic retrieval, and conceptual combination. In contrast to componential models based on verbal features, the proposed representation systematically relates semantic content to large-scale brain networks and biologically plausible accounts of concept acquisition.
A randomised trial of a remote home support programme for infants with major congenital heart disease

Objectives To assess the sustainability, clinical utility and acceptability to clinicians and parents of a tele-homecare programme for infants with major congenital heart disease (CHD), and to evaluate the impact on healthcare resource use. Design Randomised control trial. Setting UK tertiary congenital cardiac centre. Participants 83 infants with major CHD. Intervention Participants were randomised to one of three groups: video-conferencing support (n=35), telephone support (n=24) and a control group (n=24). Patients in the two intervention groups received regular, standardised remote consultations. Video-conferences (VCs) were facilitated by Integrated Systems Digital Network lines and replaced by home broadband connections later in the study. Main outcome measures Healthcare resource use, utilisation including hospitalisation, clinicians' opinions on utility and quality of interventions, parental opinions on quality of interventions. Results Clinicians were more confident making medical decisions following VCs compared with telephone consultations (p=0.01). Both VC and telephone support were very well received, but parents expressed significantly higher levels of satisfaction with VC support (p=0.001). Healthcare resource use was 37% lower in the video-conferencing group compared with both telephone support and control groups (p<0.001), as was the risk of hospitalisation (p=0.006). Direct health service costs were significantly lower in the video-conferencing group (p<0.05). Conclusions A tele-medicine home support programme for families of infants with major CHD is feasible, sustainable and effective. Home support with video-conferencing is superior to telephone consultations. Parents are highly satisfied with tele-homecare. Tele-homecare significantly reduces health service utilisation and may reduce health service costs.
A Randomized Approach to Volume Constrained Polyhedronization Problem

Given a finite set of points in R, polyhedronization deals with constructing a simple polyhedron such that the vertices of the polyhedron are precisely the given points. In this paper, we present randomized approximation algorithms for minimal volume polyhedronization (MINVP) and maximal volume polyhedronization (MAXVP) of three dimensional point sets in general position. Both, MINVP and MAXVP problems have been shown to be NP-hard and to the best of our knowledge, no practical algorithms exist to solve these problems. It has been shown that for any point set S in R , there always exists a tetrahedralizable polyhedronization of S. We exploit this fact to develop a greedy heuristic for MINVP and MAXVP constructions. Further, we present an empirical analysis on the quality of the approximation results of some well defined point sets. The algorithms have been validated by comparing the results with the optimal results generated by an exhaustive searching (brute force) method for MINVP and MAXVP for some well chosen point sets of smaller sizes. Finally, potential applications of minimum and maximum volume polyhedra in 4D printing and surface lofting respectively have been discussed.
Crosstalk noise minimization in domino logic design

Based on the new concept of crosstalk immunity set (CIS), procedures to minimize capacitive crosscoupling effects are developed for domino logic circuit. The nets in a CIS are by definition free from capacitive crosscoupling effects in any combination of input vectors. New algorithms for CIS identification and CIS-driven phase assignment are proposed to maximize the chance of crosstalk minimization in routing step. Our routing algorithm augmented with CIS information searches for optimal solution to minimize maximum crosstalk the circuit would experience. Experimental results show that the reduction of maximum crosstalk is as much as 30% with CIS-augmented routing.
Online meeting recognizer with multichannel speaker diarization

We present our newly developed real-time conversation analyzer for group meetings. The goal of the system is to estimate automatically “who speaks when and what” in an online manner. In our system, “who speaks when” information is first obtained by estimating the directions of arrival (DOAs) of signals. Then, “who speaks what” is estimated with our automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, after suppressing reverberation, background noise, and interference speakers' voices. In this paper, we focus particularly on the speaker diarization (“who speaks when” estimation) method, and we show that the speaker diarization information helps the ASR to reduce insertion errors.
Abnormal Development at Early Postimplantation Stage in Mouse Embryos After Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an established procedure for the genetic analysis of embryos. To assess the effect of the procedure on early embryonic development, we generated a murine experimental system, including mice implanted with biopsied in vitro cultured embryos, control mice implanted with in vitro cultured embryos without biopsy, and mice with naturally conceived embryos. Embryos at the 7.5‐dpc stage were isolated from all three groups and the embryo implantation rate, the survival rate of implanted embryos, and the developmental stage of surviving embryos were carefully assessed and compared among all three groups. We found the implantation rate was similar between biopsied and control group embryos (67.92% vs. 66.67%). However, the survival rate of implanted embryos in the biopsied group (49.31%) was significantly lower than that of the control (60.91%) and normal groups (96.24%) at 7.5 dpc. In addition, the survival rate of control group embryos was significant lower than that of normal group embryos. Classification of the precise developmental stages of randomly selected live implanted embryos at 7.5 dpc revealed no differences among the three groups. Our results indicate that blastomere biopsy does not adversely affect embryo implantation. The PGD procedure, in particular blastomere biopsy, increases the rate of embryo death at 4.5–7.5 dpc, but does not affect the development of surviving 7.5 dpc embryos. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Erythrocyte Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in Depressive Illness

Summary Erythrocyte membrane adenosine triphosphatase activities were examined in twelve unipolar depressed patients receiving ECT. Eleven patients undergoing diagnostic cystoscopy served as controls for the acute effects of anaesthesia, and sixteen healthy subjects served as non-depressed controls. The unipolar depressed patients had a slight reduction in their (Na++K+)-ATPase activity but effective ECT treatment was not associated with any increase in this activity. This approach is unlikely to cast further light on the membrane phenomenology of depressive illness.
Early gastric cancer: Follow‐up after gastrectomy in 159 patients

The postoperative course of 159 patients with early gastric cancer operated on between 1974 and 1987 was followed for a median of 7.3 years. The cumulative 10‐year survival rate(s.e.) calculated using follow‐up data to the end of 1989 was 90.6(2.7) per cent excluding operative death and that from causes other than gastric cancer, or 86.3(3.0) per cent when operative mortality was included. The overall 10‐year survival rate(s.e.) was 77.3(3.7) per cent. Univariate analysis showed a significant difference in survival rates between cancers confined to the mucosa and those with submucosal invasion (P = 0.02), between patients with and without lymph node metastases (P = 0.05) and between those >50 and >50 years of age (P = 0.02). Using Cox multivariate analysis and a stepwise procedure for eight variables (sex, age, depth of invasion, lymph node metastases, presence of ulceration, location, histological type, type of surgery), age and histological type had the most significant effect on survival. Seven operative deaths were recorded. Eleven patients died from recurrent cancer and one is still alive with a gastric remnant recurrence. Other causes of death were metachronous primary cancer (six patients), cardiovascular disease (two),pneumonia (three), sepsis (one) and car accident (one). Although the prognosis of early gastric cancer is relatively good in western countries, patients should be carefully followed over a long period for late recurrence and for metachronous cancer, which has a high incidence.
Thiol-sensitive genes of Escherichia coli

The effect of 1-thioglycerol on the expression of genes of Escherichia coli was investigated. Pulse-labeled proteins from aerobically growing, 1-thioglycerol-treated E. coli were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and their radioactivities were compared with those of identical proteins from nontreated cells. The first 10 min of exposure to thiol stimulated the synthesis of 10% of the observed proteins and inhibited the production of 16% of the proteins. After 30 min of growth with thiol, the synthesis of 44% of the observed proteins was inhibited and synthesis of 18% of the proteins was stimulated. In general, the expression of genes of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and protein biosynthesis were inhibited, while nucleic acid synthetic and repair gene expressions showed mixed responses. Synthesis of transport proteins was not affected. Transient stimulation of oxidative-stress proteins and sustained stimulation of the expressions of trxB, ompA, and ompB genes and those of several unidentified gene products were also observed. Whether these complex responses merely reflect adjustments by cellular subsystems to a suddenly reducing environment or whether they are manifestations of a reductive-stress regulon will have to await genetic analysis of this phenomenon.
Conversion of Furans by Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases

Various furans are considered as valuable platform chemicals as they can be derived from plant biomass. Yet, for their exploitation, follow-up chemistry is required. Here we demonstrate that Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) can be used as biocatalysts for the selective oxidation of several furans, including 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF) and furfural. A total of 15 different BVMOs were tested for their activity on furfural, which revealed that most of the biocatalysts were active on this aromatic aldehyde. Phenylacetone monooxygenase (PAMO) and a mutant thereof (PAMOM446G) were selected for studying their biocatalytic potential in converting furfural and some other furans. While BVMOs are usually known to form an ester or lactone as a ‘normal’ product by inserting an oxygen atom adjacent to the carbonyl carbon of the substrate, our results reveal that both biocatalysts produce furanoid acids as the main product from the corresponding aldehydes. Altogether, our study shows that BVMOs can be employed for the selective oxidation of furans.
Analysis of equivalent 10-Hz voltage flicker measurement using IEC flickermeter standard

This paper presents the analysis of the equivalent 10-Hz voltage flicker measurement ( Delta V10) based on the IEC flickermeter standard. The Delta V10 method has been employed to evaluate voltage flicker for more than two decades in several Asian countries and not been updated since 1978. Therefore, a careful inspection from various aspects was made against the Delta V10 method. The results uncover the deficiencies in the reliability of the Delta V10 method for voltage flicker measurement.
Evaluation of a large‐eddy model simulation of a mixed‐phase altocumulus cloud using microwave radiometer, lidar and Doppler radar data

Using the Met Office large‐eddy model (LEM) we simulate a mixed‐phase altocumulus cloud that was observed from Chilbolton in southern England by a 94 GHz Doppler radar, a 905 nm lidar, a dual‐wavelength microwave radiometer and also by four radiosondes. It is important to test and evaluate such simulations with observations, since there are significant differences between results from different cloud‐resolving models for ice clouds. Simulating the Doppler radar and lidar data within the LEM allows us to compare observed and modelled quantities directly, and allows us to explore the relationships between observed and unobserved variables. For general‐circulation models, which currently tend to give poor representations of mixed‐phase clouds, the case shows the importance of using: (i) separate prognostic ice and liquid water, (ii) a vertical resolution that captures the thin layers of liquid water, and (iii) an accurate representation the subgrid vertical velocities that allow liquid water to form.