Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A High Performance Computing Approach to Tree Cover Delineation in 1-m NAIP Imagery Using a Probabilistic Learning Framework

Tree cover delineation is a useful instrument in deriving Above Ground Biomass (AGB) density estimates from Very High Resolution (VHR) airborne imagery data. Numerous algorithms have been designed to address this problem, but most of them do not scale to these datasets, which are of the order of terabytes. In this paper, we present a semi-automated probabilistic framework for the segmentation and classification of 1-m National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) for tree-cover delineation for the whole of Continental United States, using a High Performance Computing Architecture. Classification is performed using a multi-layer Feedforward Backpropagation Neural Network and segmentation is performed using a Statistical Region Merging algorithm. The results from the classification and segmentation algorithms are then consolidated into a structured prediction framework using a discriminative undirected probabilistic graphical model based on Conditional Random Field, which helps in capturing the higher order contextual dependencies between neighboring pixels. Once the final probability maps are generated, the framework is updated and re-trained by relabeling misclassified image patches. This leads to a significant improvement in the true positive rates and reduction in false positive rates. The tree cover maps were generated for the whole state of California, spanning a total of 11,095 NAIP tiles covering a total geographical area of 163,696 sq. miles. The framework produced true positive rates of around 88% for fragmented forests and 74% for urban tree cover areas, with false positive rates lower than 2% for both landscapes. Comparative studies with the National Land Cover Data (NLCD) algorithm and the LiDAR canopy height model (CHM) showed the effectiveness of our framework for generating accurate high-resolution tree-cover maps.
Excited state mass spectra, decay properties and Regge trajectories of charm and charm-strange mesons

The framework of a phenomenological quark-antiquark potential (Coulomb plus linear confinement) model with a Gaussian wave function is used for detailed study of masses of the ground, orbitally and radially excited states of heavy-light Qq̅, (Q=c,q=u/d,s) mesons. We incorporate a correction to the potential energy term and relativistic corrections to the kinetic energy term of the Hamiltonian. The spin-hyperfine, spin-orbit and tensor interactions incorporating the effect of mixing are employed to obtain the pseudoscalar, vector, radially and orbitally excited state meson masses. The Regge trajectories in the (J,M2) and (nr,M2) planes for heavy-light mesons are investigated with their corresponding parameters. Leptonic and radiative leptonic decay widths and corresponding branching ratios are computed. The mixing parameters are also estimated. Our predictions are in good agreement with experimental results as well as lattice and other theoretical models.
Noise reduction for cochlear implants

Cochlear implant (CI) users generally achieve acceptable speech understanding in quiet conditions, but have difficulty understanding speech in the presence of background noise. In this case, noise reduction processing can be utilised to help improve the situation, and solutions can be distinguished based on the number of microphones used to sample the acoustic environment. Single microphone solutions rely on the statistical properties of speech and noise while multi‐microphone solutions can use the spatial characteristics of impinging sound to further separate speech from noise. It is the latter that forms the focus of the current research. A multi‐microphone noise reduction algorithm was developed for a CI sound processor that attenuated sound from the rear while passing sound from in front of the listener. The algorithm used two microphones with small physical separation to generate two fixed directional patterns; one facing forward, the other towards the rear. By examining the front‐ to‐back energy ratio, a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) estimate was obtained, which was used to attenuate noise dominated frequency channels. The algorithm was evaluated acutely with CI listeners, primarily using an adaptive speech reception threshold (SRT) task, although sound quality and acceptable noise level were also studied. The acoustic environment used for evaluation in the laboratory included complex situations. These situations used various numbers of competing talkers or interfering speech weighted noise sources that changed spatial locations during the test. Reverberation was introduced and the algorithm was evaluated in a range of reverberant environments. Microphone sensitivity matching was investigated by introducing controlled levels of mismatch and measuring speech intelligibility performance. The evaluation revealed the algorithm was highly beneficial across a wide range of acoustic situations, outperforming a conventional generalised side‐lobe canceller algorithm called Beam. The benefit varied with the spatial configuration of the competing noise and was greatest when the noise was located to the sides and rear of the listener. The benefit in reverberant conditions was maintained. Counter‐intuitively, the benefits actually increased in the highest level of reverberation that was evaluated. Microphone mismatch had a detrimental effect on all multi‐microphone algorithms that were evaluated, completely negating any multi‐microphone benefit when the mismatch was 4 dB or greater.
Research on Conditional Random Fields Based Mongolian Word Segmentation

Etyma and morphological affix are the components of Mongolian words,which include lots of grammar information.Using this grammar information is helpful for effective processing Mongolian language.Mongolian words exhibit as a whole in the structure,and therefore,the detection of etyma and each morphological affix is necessary to capture this grammar information.By analyzing the characteristics of morphological construction of Mongolian words,this paper proposes an effective Mongolian word labeling method,and constructs a practical Mongolian word segmentation system based on conditional random fields model.Experiments show that the accuracy of segmentation has a significant improvement than current system,reaching an accuracy rate of 0.992.
A Bayesian model for ranking hazardous sites

Road safety has recently become a major concern in most modern societies. The determination of sites that are more dangerous than others (black spots) can help in better scheduling road safety policies. The present paper proposes a methodology to rank sites according to their hazardousness. The model is innovative in at least two respects. Firstly, it makes use of all relevant information per accident location, including the total number of accidents, the number of fatalities, as well as the number of both light and severe injuries. Secondly, the model includes the use of a cost function to rank the sites with respect to their total expected cost to the society. Bayesian estimation for the model via a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach is proposed. Accident data from 519 intersections in Leuven (Belgium) are used to illustrate the proposed methodology. Furthermore, different cost functions are used in the paper in order to show the sensitivity of the proposed method on the use of different costs per injury type.
Observing the Multiverse with Cosmic Wakes

Current theories of the origin of the Universe, including string theory, predict the existence of a multiverse containing many bubble universes. These bubble universes will generically collide, and collisions with ours produce cosmic wakes that enter our Hubble volume, appear as unusually symmetric disks in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and disturb large scale structure (LSS). There is preliminary observational evidence consistent with one or more of these disturbances on our sky. However, other sources can produce similar features in the CMB temperature map and so additional signals are needed to verify their extra-universal origin. Here we find, for the first time, the detailed three-dimensional shape and CMB temperature and polarization signals of the cosmic wake of a bubble collision in the early universe consistent with current observations. The predicted polarization pattern has distinctive features that when correlated with the corresponding temperature pattern are a unique and striking signal of a bubble collision. These features represent the first verifiable prediction of the multiverse paradigm and might be detected by current experiments such as Planck and future CMB polarization missions. A detection of a bubble collision would confirm the existence of the Multiverse, provide compelling evidence for the string theory landscape, and sharpen our picture of the Universe and its origins.
Synthesis, characterization and crystal structures of two 2‐naphthyl substituted pyrazoles

The synthesis, characterization and X-ray crystal structures of two 2-naphthyl-substituted pyrazoles - 3-(2-naphthyl) pyrazole (1) and 5-(2-naphthyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole (3) - are reported. In addition, the isolation and structural characterization of 5-hydroxy-3-(2-naphthyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole (2), an intermediate of the synthesis of 3, is included. Two simple methods of dehydration of 2 are also presented.
Activation Pattern Analysis on Malicious Android Mobile Applications

The malicious android mobile applications developed by attackers are increasing rapidly. In order to reduce the damage caused by the malicious applications, the activation based pattern analysis mechanisms should be developed to determine normal and malicious apps correctly. In this paper, the malicious application activation event patterns were analyzed from the malicious game apps sampled from malware samples distributed by Android MalGenome Project. System call events are aggregated from malicious Android mobile apps. Through this process of analyzing the application activation patterns, we can extract a similarity to determine whether any given app is malicious or not.
PENERAPAN METODE KONVOLUSI DALAM PENGOLAHAN CITRA DIGITAL

A lot of photography studios today still perform image processing manually using installed the functions on the computer. As we know, manual image processing takes quite a long time. Therefore, they need an application program which is easier, user friendly and produces higher quality images. The application program created in this research uses metode konvolusi with several variations of image processing such as: smooth, Gaussian blur, sharpen, mean removal, emboss, and edge detection. The results of testing and evaluation of the program shows that image processing using the metode konvolusi is capable of producing better image quality.
Effectiveness of Unsupervised Training in Deep Learning Neural Networks

Deep learning is a field of research attracting nowadays much atten- tion, mainly because deep architectures help in obtaining outstanding results on many vision, speech and natural language processing - related tasks. To make deep learning eective, very often an unsupervised pretraining phase is applied. In this article, we present experimental study evaluating usefulness of such ap- proach, testing on several benchmarks and dierent percentages of labeled data, how Contrastive Divergence (CD), one of the most popular pretraining methods, influences network generalization.
Auctioning Robotic Tasks With Overlapping Time Windows (Extended Abstract)

This work investigates allocation of tasks to multi-robots when tasks are spatially distributed and constrained to be executed within assigned time windows. Our work explores the interaction between scheduling and optimal routing. We propose the Time-Sensitive Sequential Single-Item Auction algorithm as a method to allocate tasks with time windows in multi-robot systems. We show, experimentally, that the proposed algorithm outperforms other auction algorithms that we modified to handle time windows.
Optimization of matrix multiplication based on a multi-core architecture extended with vector units

Based on the GODSON-3B 8-core processor,an optimized implementation and evaluation of matrix multiplication was proposed.For the memory access characteristic of each matrix in matrix multiplication,different methods were used to optimize the memory access behavior,hiding memory access time.The performance of optimized matrix multiplication achieves 122 Gflops,and an efficiency of 95.3%.
Wireless Data Communication and Applied Foreground Based on GPRS

First this paper introduces GSM wireless data communication business briefly,emphasizing that GSM system can do with the data business which are of a great variety due to establishing respectively two functions units,TAF and IWF,in the two ends of the GSM network.Through the comparison of Circuit Switching with Packet Switching,GPRS is derived.The technique advantages of the GPRS data business mainly depend on the evolution from Circuit Switching to Packet Switching.The GPRS network construction,its wireless interface and its applied foreground in business are presented.
Color Error Diffusion Halftoning Method Based on Image Tone and Human Visual System

In the process of color error diffusion halftoning,the quality of the color halftoning image will be affected directly by the design of the error diffusion filter with different color channels. This paper studied the method of error diffusion based on tone and the human visual system(HVS),optimized the filter coefficient and the threshold by applying the luminance and chrominance HVS,and the color error diffusion halftoning method based on the image tone and HVS had been received. The results showed that this method can reduce the artifacts in color halftoning images effectively and improve the accuracy of color rendition.
Fsck—the UNIX file system check program

This document reflects the use of fsck with the 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD file system organization. This is a revision of the original paper written by T. J. Kowalski. File System Check Program (fsck) is an interactive file system check and repair program. Fsck uses the redundant structural information in the UNIX file system to perform several consistency checks. If an inconsistency is detected, it is reported to the operator, who may elect to fix or ignore each inconsistency. These inconsistencies result from the permanent interruption of the file system updates, which are performed every time a file is modified. Unless there has been a hardware failure, fsck is able to repair corrupted file systems using procedures based upon the order in which UNIX honors these file system update requests. The purpose of this document is to describe the normal updating of the file system, to discuss the possible causes of file system corruption, and to present the corrective actions implemented by fsck. Both the program and the interaction between the program and the operator are described. Revised July 16, 1985 hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh †UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. This work was done under grants from the National Science Foundation under grant MCS80-05144, and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DoD) under Arpa Order No. 4031 monitored by Naval Electronic System Command under Contract No. N00039-82-C-0235. SMM:3-2 The UNIX File System Check Program
DBN Learning Algorithm Based on Evolutionary MCMC

Dynamic Bayesian Network(DBN) learning with evolutionary MCMC algorithm is presented.Parameter learning with absent data is done with EM algorithm.In structure learning,multiple Bayesian network chromosomes are generated as candidates and are processed with mutation and crossover.The structures are learned with MCMC function which is obtained with temperatures and Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC) scores of corresponding Bayesian networks.In each generation,the Bayesian network with the maximal BIC score is selected as the result of the structure learning.Experimental results proves the stability of the method's performance.
Images Of The Self The Sandplay Therapy Process

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Operating system support for simultaneous multithreaded processors

ing threads in an SMT processor as logical processors is a convenient way to provide instant backwards compatibility; however, it introduces complications into the otherwise simple action of counting processors. Many commercial operating systems are licensed for a particular number of processors. An interesting problem with building logical processors on top of physical processors is which level of the hierarchy should be counted for the license. If it is decided to count logical processors then a further complication is caused by the ability to disable threads. Should the licensing count be based on the number of threads enabled, or the total number possible? An argument for the latter case is that a check could be carried out at boot time and the threads re-enabled later. HyperThreading is now a standard feature on all new high-end Pentium 4 processors so if a system without SMT is required then the second logical processor on each package must be disabled. A license using the logical processor count is likely to be unfair in such a situation. The two obvious choices for numbering the logical processors are: 1. number first by package and then by logical processor within each package, 2. number through the first logical processor in each package then through the second and so on.
Quantum phase transition in a Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square lattice with strong plaquette interactions

We present numerical results for an $S=1/2$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a inhomogeneous square lattice with tunable interaction between spins belonging to different plaquettes. Employing Quantum Monte Carlo, we significantly improve on previous results for the the critical point separating singlet-disordered and N\'{e}el-ordered phases, and obtain an estimate for the critical exponent $\nu$ consistent with the three-dimensional classical Heisenberg universality class. Additionally, we show that a fairly accurate result for the critical point can be obtained from a Contractor Renormalization (CORE) expansion by applying a surprisingly simple analysis to the effective Hamiltonian.
Novelties Within the Framework for Information System Due Diligence

ABSTRACT The information system (IS) field lacks a scientifically based analytical tool for rapid delivery of IS due diligence. In 2013, a framework for IS due diligence (FISDD) was published. The work on this framework was continued with proceeding development and evaluation. One of the most important objectives of today’s business is making savings concerning various resources. The main novelty of the upgraded framework is the replacement of some of the manually conducted questionnaires with web-based questionnaires. This novelty reduces the total time required for on-site ISDD activities by 35–50%, as has been the result of several real cases. The results demonstrate and confirm the usefulness of upgrading FISDD, which increases its efficiency in DD processes, which is the main contribution of this article.
Research on SAR Image Registration Based on Homograph Matrix

Homograph matrix is introduced and presented as the image space transform model between SAR image and vector image.Using the GIS(Geographic Information System) vector image as the referring image,the process and results of SAR image registration is analyzed.The registration results indicate that based on the homograph matrix,the SAR image registration method has some merits of less manipulation,robust algorithm and effective registration result.
Using local binary patterns for object detection in images

The article discusses a texture operator called Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and its applications in image processing and object detection. We provide a description of the algorithm for computing LBP together with a rationale for using LBP as a feature for object detection and image recognition. Based on the algorithm we show that LBP features have a low computational overhead compared to more complicated image features such as the commonly used SIFT or SURF features or neural network based approaches because they exploit the use of extremely fast bitwise and integer operations of the CPU. We demonstrate that LBP is robust to changes in brightness, contrast, image rotation, image scale. We develop two enhancements for LBP that improve its resistance to camera noise and enhance the discriminative power of LBP when it is used as a feature for machine learning algorithms. We present the results on a challenging real-world object detection task.
SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDO4,5-BQUINOLINES IN THE REACTION OF 6-AMINOPYRIMIDINESWITH DIMEDONE AND BENZALDEHYDES

The reaction of 6-aminopyrimidines 1a, b with dimedone (2) and p-substituted benzaldehydes 3a-d in ethanol afforded in all cases new regiospecific synthesis of tricyclic, linear 5-aryl-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines 4a-h in good yields. The linear structures and hence the regiospecificity of the reaction were established by nmr measurements.
High-threshold universal quantum computation on the surface code

We present a comprehensive and self-contained simplified review of the quantum computing scheme of Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 190504 (2007), which features a 2-D nearest neighbor coupled lattice of qubits, a threshold error rate approaching 1%, natural asymmetric and adjustable strength error correction and low overhead arbitrarily long-range logical gates. These features make it by far the best and most practical quantum computing scheme devised to date. We restrict the discussion to direct manipulation of the surface code using the stabilizer formalism, both of which we also briefly review, to make the scheme accessible to a broad audience.
Discovery of Recombining Plasma in the Supernova Remnant 3C 391

Recent X-ray study of middle-aged supernova remnants (SNRs) reveals strong radiative recombination continua (RRCs) associated with overionized plasmas, of which the origin still remains uncertain. We report our discovery of an RRC in the middle-aged SNR 3C 391. If the X-ray spectrum is fitted with a two-temperature plasma model in collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE), residuals of Si XIV Ly alpha line at 2.006 keV, S XVI Ly alpha line at 2.623 keV and the edge of RRC of Si XIII at 2.666 keV are found. The X-ray spectrum is better described by a composite model consisting of a CIE plasma and a recombining plasma (RP). The abundance pattern suggests that the RP is associated to the ejecta from a core-collapse supernova with a progenitor star of 15 solar mass. There is no significant difference of the recombining plasma parameters between the southeast region and the northwest region surrounded by dense molecular clouds. We also find a hint of Fe I K alpha line at 6.4 keV (~2.4 sigma detection) from the southeast region of the SNR.