Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reveals carbon and nitrogen limitations closely linked to bacterial communities in China’s largest saline lake

Saline lakes possess substantial carbon storage and play essential roles in global carbon cycling. Benthic microorganisms mine and decompose sediment organic matter via extracellular enzymes to acquire limiting nutrients and thus meet their element budgets, which ultimately causes variations in sediment carbon storage. However, current knowledge about microbial nutrient limitation and the associated organic carbon changes especially in saline lake remains elusive. Therefore, we took Qinghai Lake, the largest saline lake of China, as an example to identify the patterns and drivers of microbial metabolic limitations quantified by the vector analyses of extracellular enzyme stoichiometry. Benthic microorganisms were dominantly colimited by carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Such microbial C limitation was aggravated upon the increases in water salinity and sediment total phosphorus, which suggests that sediment C loss would be elevated when the lake water is concentrated (increasing salinity) and phosphorus becomes enriched under climate change and nutrient pollution, respectively. Microbial N limitation was predominantly intensified by water total nitrogen and inhibited by C limitation. Among the microbial drivers of extracellular enzyme investments, bacterial community structure consistently exerted significant effects on the C, N, and P cycles and microbial C and N limitations, while fungi only altered the P cycle through species richness. These findings advance our knowledge of microbial metabolic limitation in saline lakes, which will provide insights towards a better understanding of global sediment C storage dynamics under climate warming and intensified human activity.
Numerical simulation and analysis of crack disease in tunnel lining structure

Tunnel construction in China is increasing year by year. With the passage of time, China will usher in the peak period of tunnel engineering repair, and it is vital to study in advance the influential nature of tunnel lining crack disease as well as management measures. By summarising a large amount of relevant literature, this paper analyses the main locations where cracks are generated in tunnel linings. Through the method of finite element numerical analysis, 24 cases of cracks of different widths and depths were modelled and calculated for each location of lining vaults, shoulders and side walls, respectively, to analyse the influence of different cases on the internal forces and deformation of the lining. The study shows that the stress concentration around the crack tip decreases with the increase of the crack width, while the stress concentration around the crack tip increases with the increase of the crack depth. The stresses in the other main parts of the lining increase after the crack is created, which has a deteriorating effect on the load-bearing capacity and stability of the lining structure. With the increase in crack width and depth, the sinking deformation of the vault and the heaving deformation of the back arch increase, especially when the cracks are large, but lining cracking has less effect on the lateral deformation of the lining. Compared to cracks in the top and shoulder of the arch, cracks in the side walls have a more pronounced effect on the distribution of internal forces around the cracks.
The effect of director-deputy director promotion focus congruence on team knowledge creation: A social identification perspective

As a new leadership style, promotion-focused leadership has attracted the attention of theorists and practitioners. Existing research emphasizes the positive value of director personal promotion focus on team creative behavior while overlooking director-deputy director promotion focus fit. Based on Regulatory Fit Theory and Social Identity Theory, this study explored the effect of director-deputy director promotion focus fit on team knowledge creation and the mediating role of team identification. We used polynomial regression and response surface analysis to analyze the data from 674 questionnaires. The results demonstrate that: (1) director-deputy director congruence in promotion focus is positively related to team identification; (2) under the condition of director-deputy director promotion focus congruence, the level of team identification does not significantly increase when director-deputy director promotion focus rises from “low-low” to “high-high”; (3) team identification plays a mediating role in the relationship between director-deputy director promotion focus congruence and team knowledge creation.
Extracellular vesicles derived from Trichinella Spiralis larvae promote the polarization of macrophages to M2b type and inhibit the activation of fibroblasts

Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a globally distributed food-borne parasite that can coexist with the host for a long time after infection. Trichinella-derived secretions can regulate the immune response and fibroblasts of the host, but the specific mechanisms involved are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of T. spiralis larvae-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their key miRNAs in the process of T. spiralis–host interaction. In this study, we found that the EVs of T. spiralis larvae, as well as miR-1-3p and let-7-5p, expressed in T. spiralis larvae-derived EVs, can promote the polarization of bone marrow macrophages to M2b type while inhibiting the activation of fibroblasts. These findings will contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying T. spiralis–host interactions.
Inﬁnite mixture chaining: Efﬁcient temporal construction of word meaning

Word meanings extend over time due to a functional need for maintaining communicative expressivity within a compact lexicon. Previous scholars have suggested that word meanings extend via a process of chaining, whereby novel items link to existing ones close in semantic space. Recent work has for- malized this idea using computational models grounded typically in the exemplar and prototype theories of categorization that are either memory-intensive or simplistic in representation. We propose an alternative account of chaining that op- timizes cognitive efﬁciency by trading off representational accuracy with memory complexity. We operationalize this efﬁ- cient chaining as an inﬁnite mixture model and show how it constructs the internal representations of word meaning adap- tively through time while predicting the historical development of English verb meanings with precision and limited resources.
Dynamic College Admissions

We study the relevance of incorporating dynamic incentives and eliciting private information about students’ preferences to improve their welfare and downstream outcomes in centralized assignment mechanisms. Using administrative data and two nationwide surveys, we identify two behavioral channels that largely explain students’ dynamic decisions: (i) initial mismatches and (ii) learning. Based on these facts, we build and estimate a structural model of students’ college progression in the presence of a centralized admission system, allowing students to learn about their match quality over time and reapply to the system. We use the estimated model to analyze the impact of changing the assignment mechanism and reapplication rules on the efficiency of the system. Our counterfactual results show that policies that provide score bonuses that elicit information on students’ cardinal preferences and leverage dynamic incentives can significantly decrease switching and increase students’ overall welfare.
Nanotechnology; the science of present and future (principle and applications)

Nanotechnology acts as a means to combine different branches of sciences: medicine, pharmacy, engineering, biology, chemistry, agriculture, water desalination, energy storage, production, and conversion. They are optimal and most important use of nanotechnology as the production of solar cells and hydrogen fuel cells to reduce environmental pollution and diversity sources of energy consumption. The interest in studying nanomaterials and metallic particles is increasing, for instance gold and silver nanoparticles due to their mechanical, optical, electronic, magnetic, and high electrical conductivity properties . As well as, the chemical properties and the large surface area regarding to the large size of the same material, leads to an increase in its toxic properties, when collected in huge numbers on the surfaces of cells, consequently to inhibit and kill pathogenic organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Manufacture of nanomaterials that use some plants (biosynthesis) to reduce their hazards to the humans and environment and reduce the costs of extracting process which is called a green synthesis.
The effect of high dismissal protection on bureaucratic turnover and productivity*

This paper studies the impact of high dismissal protection on bureaucratic turnover and productivity in the context of public school teachers in Chile. We take advantage of a law that required education administrators to grant a permanent contract to temporary teachers with a minimum seniority and implement a difference-in-differences strategy comparing eligible and ineligible teachers. We find that high dismissal protection reduces turnover by 25 percent in the first two years. The reduction is only statistically significant among teachers at the bottom and top of the distribution of baseline performance. We then examine the impact on teacher productivity and find a significant decline in the learning of students taught by teachers with low baseline performance. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that high dismissal protection can be a double-edged sword. It can help to retain high-performing employees, but at the cost of making it more difficult to separate and motivate low-performing employees. JEL Classifications: I28, J45, M55
Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence: What Does the Cardiologist Really Need to Know?

The opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the editors or of the American Heart Association. Correspondence to: James A. Case, PhD, MASNC Cardiovascular Imaging Technologies, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO. Email jcase@cvit.com This manuscript was sent to Gary Heller, MD, PhD, Guest Editor, for review by expert referees, editorial decision, and final disposition. For Disclosures, see page 660. © 2022 American Heart Association, Inc. EDITORIAL
Salivary Menopausal Markers and Oral Health Status – A Hidden Hook Up

Aim and Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate salivary estradiol and salivary calcium in postmenopausal women with varying degrees of oral dryness. The primary objective was to establish the interrelationship between salivary parameters and oral health status among menopausal women and compare the same with premenopausal women and normal controls. Materials and Methods: The study included 60 women Group I consisted of healthy menstruating women between 25 and 34 years of age. In Group II premenopausal women between 35 and 45 years of age were present and Group III consisted of menopausal women between 45 and 60 years of age. Unstimulated saliva was collected from the participants and estradiol analysis was done using ELISA method and calcium analysis was done using Arsenazo III reaction using colorimetric method. The oral health status in these patients was determined by using xerostomia score, Russell's periodontal score, and oral hygiene index. The values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis and the results were derived. Results: On oral examination, most of them had poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, and moderate to severe levels of xerostomia. Salivary estradiol levels were low and salivary calcium levels were high among postmenopausal women and as salivary estradiol levels decreased there was an increase in xerostomia scores and salivary calcium. And also as salivary calcium levels increased the periodontal disease scores increased. All parameters were within normal limits among healthy menstruating women. Conclusion: Saliva can be a preferred medium and an emerging alternative for serum to estimate estradiol and calcium levels. As a dentist, we have to educate them about the oral changes they will experience during menopause and emphasize its strong association between low estradiol levels. Oral hygiene instructions should be given for the maintenance of healthy periodontium. Menopausal women who experience severe postmenopausal symptoms can be identified and the dentist and gynecologist can work hand in hand to treat the symptoms of these women.
Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding Climacteric Among Rural Women in Jammu District of UT of J and K, India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The word Climacteric is shrouded in a culture of silence in our country, more so in the vast rural swathes of India. This survey was carried out to assess the knowledge and perceptions regarding climacteric in rural females of the Jammu district. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Kot-Bhalwal health block of Jammu district. A sample of 215 was calculated assuming a minimum prevalence of 65% of menopausal symptoms. Using a two-step simple random sampling technique, a total of 245 postmenopausal women from four villages of the health block were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Among the sources of information about climacteric, family and friends were prime sources followed by community elders. About one-third (35.10%) of the respondents had no discussion about climacteric with anyone. The majority of the participants had a positive perception of climacteric and described it as a feeling of relief. About 77.9% of study participants rated their health as poor to fair. However, about one-fourth of women had taken health checkups for menopause-related symptoms. None of the respondents had any clue about oncological screening. Conclusion: Despite positive perceptions, there is a need to dispel the misconceptions with rigorous awareness and counseling. The role of village-level health workers along with ANM at Sub Health Centers/Health and wellness centers is the game-changer in this context. Every opportunity including Antenatal clinics should be utilized to educate as well as screen menopausal females for various health problems.
First observation of the isospin violating decay J/psi -> Lambda(Sigma)over-bar(0) + c.c.

Using a sample of (225.2 +/- 2.8) x 10(6) J/psi events collected with the BESIII detector, we present results of a study of J/psi -> gamma Lambda(Lambda) over bar and report the first observation of the isospin violating decay J/psi -> Lambda(Sigma) over bar (0) + c.c. , in which (Sigma) over bar (0) decays to gamma (Lambda) over bar. The measured branching fractions are B(J/psi -> (Lambda) over bar Sigma(0)) = (1.46 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.12) x 10(-5) and B(J/psi -> Lambda(Sigma) over bar (0)) = (1.37 +/- 0.12 +/- 0.11) x 10(-5). We search for Lambda(1520) -> gamma Lambda decay, and find no evident signal, and an upper limit for the product branching fraction B(J/psi -> Lambda(Lambda) over bar (1520) + c.c) x B(Lambda(1520) -> gamma Lambda) Lambda in J/psi -> gamma eta(c), eta(c) -> Lambda(Lambda) over bar and measure the branching fraction B(eta(c) -> Lambda(Lambda) over bar) = (1.16 +/- 0.12(stat) +/- 0.19(syst) +/- 0.28(PDG)) x 10(-3).
Understanding school management with public data: A new measurement approach and applications ∗

Why do some students learn more in some schools than others? One consideration receiving growing attention is school management. To study this, researchers need to be able to measure school management accurately and cheaply at scale. This paper introduces a new approach to measuring management practices and outcomes using existing public data and exempliﬁes the methodology using two large existing datasets: PISA, covering about 15,000 schools across 65 countries, and Prova Brasil, covering nearly all public schools in Brazil across 6 waves over 10 years. Both indices show a strong, positive relationship between school management and student learning. The value of the approach is demonstrated in two applications: an extension of the Akhtari et al. (2022) analysis of political turnover and student learning, and an exploration of the mechanisms behind the key performance relationship.
Enhancing Automatic Attack Detection through Spectral Decomposition of Network Flows

Flow classification employs machine learning techniques to identify attacks on computer networks. This classification relies on quantitative features that synthesize the information of packets from the same flow. Conventional features, however, such as packet size and the number of bytes, generate redundancies and do not capture the temporal correlations between the packets in a flow. Automated network attacks generate periodic patterns observable through spectral decomposition, which facilitates classification. This paper proposes FENED (Feature Extraction by Network spEctrum Decomposition), a method to extract features from network data. We consider the packet-arrived order within the same flow using the fast Fourier transform for binary classification. The proposed feature vector contains the module of the spectral components of the flow. Experimental results show that FENED outperforms conventional proposals because it extracts features that consider intra-flow packet-arrival order.
Cryptocurrency: Value Formation Factors and Investment Risks

Scientific sources demonstrate different attitudes of researchers to cryptocurrencies because they treat them as a category of currency, virtual money, commodity, etc. Accordingly, the relation to the valuation and risk of cryptocurrency as an investment object is different. The purpose of the article is to identify cryptocurrency value formation factors and determine the risks of investing in cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency is simultaneously considered a currency, an asset with uncertain income, and a specific product, the price of which is determined by the energy costs for mining new cryptocurrency blocks. Thus, the paper examines the risks of investing in cryptocurrency from several positions. First, the study identifies the factors of formation of the value and risk of cryptocurrency as ordinary money based on comparing cryptocurrency with traditional money. Unlike traditional money, cryptocurrency is not tied to the economic performance of a particular country; also, central banks do not control or regulate their mining. Instead, the cryptocurrency emissions depend on the computational capacity of the equipment used for their mining. As a financial asset, cryptocurrency can be a “financial bubble” because their value increasing often exceeds the cost of mining. On the other hand, given the emergence of cryptocurrency as a phenomenon of the information economy, the paper analyses the impact of specific technical features (cryptographic hashing algorithm, the complexity of creating new blocks, the technology of verification of mining operations, etc.) on the risk of investing in cryptocurrency assets.
Imitations of Bells: Correspondence between Bell Acoustics and Onomatopoeic Texts

In sets of three to five bells are used; the techniques of ringing and the sizes of the bells are different for different announcements. These formulaic techniques are reflected in the vocal imitations of bells (a layer of folklore). So far these imitations of bells have not been studied at all. From the point of view of quantitative linguistics, these imitations could be analyzed in terms of frequencies of certain sounds and their combinations. Quite a few studies have dealt with the frequencies in standard Lithuanian (see below). Aims. We aim to reveal the regularities in phonetics of bell imitations (Lithuanian traditional bell imitations and nonsense syllables) and their origins in bell acoustics. Main contribution. Frequencies of occurrences of certain speech sounds and their combinations in standard Lithuanian, traditional Lithuanian vocal imitations of bells, and in the nonsense syllables evoked by bell strokes (imitation experiment) were analyzed. The statistical analysis of bell imitations reveals some correspondence between bell size and the phonetic quality of vowels. The largest bell frequently evokes a perception of back vowels, while the smallest one results predominantly in front vowels. Some syllables are especially frequent in the imitations (based on different vowel diphthongs or starting from voiced plosives and ending with nasals, such as [din], [dan]). On the other hand, the acoustical analysis of the bell spectra also reveals similar correspondences between bell size and the acoustic-phonetic quality of vowels (in terms of formants). The perception of consonants (first of all, the initial [d] and the final nasals), can be attributed to the overall dynamics and the dynamic changes in the spectra (prominence of low partials at the end of sound due to their slow decay, etc.). Generally, the traditional imitations and the statistics of their phonetics present an intermediate case between standard Lithuanian and the imitations of bells using nonsense syllables. Implications. The present study could be further extended to other cases onomatopoeia, also to a cross-cultural domain. It provides new data for research regarding analogies between instrumental timbres and phonetics.
Left behind in Covid times: the impact of the pandemic on job loss and job finding rates of vulnerable groups in Serbia

Purpose This paper aims to analyse COVID-19’s effects on job loss and job finding rate in Serbia, focusing on groups with already low employment before the pandemic, such as youth, women, low-educated and rural areas. Design/methodology/approach The authors exploit the panel structure of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) data for Serbia to analyse if the impact of the pandemic on transition probabilities was different for vulnerable groups and their counterparts during the first year of the pandemic. Findings The results indicate that stagnation in overall employment growth in Serbia during the first year of the COVID-19 crisis resulted from decreases in new hiring rather than increases in job losses. However, trends differed for vulnerable groups. Young workers faced the highest increase in job losses, partly due to their higher shares in informal wage employment. In contrast, decreases in job finding rates were particularly high among low-educated and in rural areas. Practical implications After the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, employment opportunities of vulnerable groups further deteriorated, and already existing labour market inequalities were exacerbated. These effects are partially due to policies implemented to mitigate the crisis, which focused on preserving permanent employment while leaving vulnerable workers and groups unprotected. Originality/value The authors investigate the annual effects of the first year of the pandemic in a country with a large informal sector and explore the role of vulnerable groups’ job characteristics in transition changes.