Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of Kenya's adhoc versus chartered shipping freight rates for exports and imports of dry general cargo

vii Chapter One: Introduction Introduction. 1 The problem. 2 Objectives. 5 Justification. 6 Chapter Two: Shipping in Kenya Background. '. 9 Classification of cargo.11 Shipping conferences. 13 Chapter Three: Literature Review Demand and supply of transport. 14 Factos influencing demand for and supply of transport. 7. 16 Ocean transport costs. 18 Determination of freight rates. 22 Price discrimination in transport. 27 Impact of high freight rates.30 Efforts by LDCs towards reducing freight payments. 32 Chartering.37 Chapter Pour: Hypothesis and Methodology Hypothesis. Methodology. Sampling technique. 41 Chapter 5: Data Analysis and Results Freight rates for both shipping arrangements and results of the tests of significance.44 Excess costs. 47 Institutional framework for implementing a chartering programme. 56 Chapter 6: Conclusions Conclusions. 62 Limitations. 64 Areas of further research. 64 Appendix 1: Results from Maeti's study.66 Appendix 2: Indicators of change in ocean freight rates. 67 Appendix 3: Excess costs for transportation of imports. 68 Appendix 4: Excess costs for transportation of exports.69 Appendix 5: Import data. 70 Appendix 6: Export data. 81 References.83 (11) (ill) List of tables Table 1: Cargo throughput in Mombasa port, 1987 and 1988. Table 2: Economies of scale in bulk carriers.18 Table 3: Monopoly power on zonal basis.26 Table 4: Excess costs incurred on transportation of Kenya's imports. 26 Table 5: Weighted average freight rates in both shipping arrangements. 44
User Profile Differences in SemanticDesign. Application to Hand Tools

Nowadays, consumers do not just look for a functional, usable, safe, and cost-efficient product, but for the emotions and feelings it offers them. Emotional design techniques are being successfully applied to consumer products. This paper presents a work aimed at researching the applicability of emotional design to commercial products, in particular to hammers, which may be considered either as a commercial or as a consumer product, depending on the final user. A semantic differential test with 19 descriptors and images of hammers was designed. A total of 48 subjects from 4 different user groups answered about their perception. The differences perceived between the groups and their possible causes are discussed and commented. In general, the appreciations of the group of designers differ more from the average, although differences between other groups are also perceived, mainly owing to their previous experience and knowledge. The suitability of certain aspects of this kind of test applied to commercial products, such as the reliability of the evaluation of some descriptors simply from an image, is challenged. A principal component analysis shows that the perception of hammers is described through four factors: functional, social image, aesthetic and ergonomic. Positive perceptions in the first two factors are related to a higher willingness to pay.
Thermodynamics of the Fermi gas in a nanotube

For the ideal Fermi gas that fills the space inside a cylindrical tube, there are calculated the thermodynamic characteristics in general form for arbitrary temperatures, namely: the thermodynamic potential, energy, entropy, equations of state, heat capacities and compressibilities. All these quantities are expressed through the introduced standard functions and their derivatives. The radius of the tube is considered as an additional thermodynamic variable. It is shown that at low temperatures in the quasi-one-dimensional case the temperature dependencies of the entropy and heat capacities remain linear. The dependencies of the entropy and heat capacities on the chemical potential have sharp maximums at the points where the filling of a new discrete level begins. The character of dependencies of thermodynamic quantities on the tube radius proves to be qualitatively different in the cases of fixed linear and fixed total density. At the fixed linear density these dependencies are monotonous and at the fixed total density they have an oscillating character. Key words: Fermi particle, nanotube, thermodynamic functions, low-dimensional systems, equation of state, heat capacity, compressibility
High-Frequency and Very-high-Frequency (HF & VHF) above-ground electromagnetic impedance measurements

HIGH-FREQUENCY AND VERY-HIGH-FREQUENCY (HF & VHF) ABOVE-GROUND ELECTROMAGNETIC IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS William Frangos 1 , Alex Becker 2 , and K. H.Lee 2 Dept. of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA22801 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 Abstract We have field-tested an apparatus for measuring the electromagnetic impedance above the ground at a plurality of frequencies in the 0.3 – 30 MHz range. This window in the frequency spectrum, which lies between frequencies used for GPR and those used for conventional loop-loop EM soundings, has not been used because of difficulties in fielding equipment for making absolute and accurate measurements. Model and physical parameter studies however confirm that data in this frequency band can be used to construct high-resolution maps of electrical conductivity and permittivity of near-surface material. Our equipment was assembled using commercial electric and magnetic antennas. The magnetic loop source is excited by a conventional signal generator – power amplifier assembly. Signal detection is accomplished using RF lock-in amplifiers. All system elements are appropriately isolated by optic – fiber links. We estimate a measurement accuracy of about ± 10% for an 8-m separation between source and detector. Field tests were done at the University of California Richmond Field Station where the near surface electrical structure is well known. The experimental data at this site are mainly a function of electrical conductivity. In this context, we have obtained good agreement with the known local variations in resistivity both with depth and with position along a 35-m traverse. Additional tests in more resistive regimes where dielectric permittivity is not negligible yield spectral data compatible with the less well known near-surface electrical properties. Introduction Knowledge of the electrical properties of near-surface regions can help in engineering and environmental studies, both as an indication of other physical properties and as a means of detecting inhomogeneities. Compared to traditional geophysical problems, engineering and environmental issues are often small scale and shallow, so much so that for many years little geophysical effort was expended on investigations where better information was more easily gained by excavation. Recently however, problems have been recognized in which non-invasive investigations are preferred. Among these are included situations where excavation would be hazardous, cosmetically offensive, or expensive compared to the value of the required information.
PCR fingerprinting of whole genomes : the spacers between the 16 s and 23 s rRNA genes and of intergenic tRNA gene regions reveal a different intraspecific genomic variability of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniforrnis

Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Micro bi o I og ic h e ( D I STAM), Universita degli Studi, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy Genomic diversity in 21 strains of Bacillus cereus and 10 strains of Bacillus licheniformis was investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, which samples the whole genome, and by two PCR fingerprinting techniques sampling the hypervariable spacers between the conserved 165 and 235 rRNA genes of the rRNA gene operon (ITS-PCR) and regions between tRNA genes (tDNA-PCR). RAPD analysis showed a remarkable diversity among strains of B. cereus that was not observed with the rRNA and tRNA intergenicspacer-targeted PCR, where all the strains showed practically identical fingerprints. A wide variability among the B. cereus strains was also observed in the plasmid profiles, suggesting that the genetic diversity within B. cereus species can arise from plasmid transfer. One contribution to the diversity detected by RAPD analysis was determined by the presence of large extrachromosomal elements that were amplified during RAPD analysis as shown by Southern hybridization experiments. In contrast to the strains of B. cereus, the 10 strains of B. licheniformis were grouped into two clusters which were the same with al l the methods employed. The 165 rRNA genes were identical in al l 10 strains when examined using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis after digestion with A M and Rsal. From these data we hypothesize two different evolutionary schemes for the two species.
Measuring Price Elasticities of Demand and Supply of Water Entitlements Based on Stated and Revealed Preference Data

Estimates of price elasticities of water entitlements (known as permanent water or water rights in the United States) are complicated by data limitations and problems of endogeneity. To overcome these issues, we develop an approach to generate stated preference data and combine them with revealed preference data to estimate price elasticities from various types of water entitlement sales in the southern Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Our results suggest that price elasticities of demand and supply of high security water entitlements are inelastic in the relevant market price range between AUD ${{\$}}$1,700 to ${{\$}}$2,100 per mega-liter, and that supply is relatively more inelastic than demand. For lower reliability water entitlements, the price elasticity of demand is estimated to be even more inelastic than high security water entitlements. The price elasticity of supply for general security water entitlements is similar to high security water entitlements, while the supply of low reliability water entitlements is extremely inelastic for our data set. The comparison between the stated and revealed preference data provides strong evidence of support for a data fusion approach; nevertheless, some differences in water sale preferences were found for irrigators choosing not to sell all of their water. The consistency of our results signals support for the use of this methodology in other water basins around the world.
The first phylogenetic study of Kiliophora (Fungi, Anamorphic Xylariales)

Kiliophora Kuthub. & Nawawi (Type: K. fusispora Kuthub. & Nawawi) was first described based on conidiophores bearing spindle-shaped conidia. Only two species have been reported worldwide, viz, K. fusispora and K. ubiensis Khutub. & Nawawi. During the study of fungal diversity on Shorea spp. in Indonesia, we found K. ubiensis and successfully obtained pure isolate of this fungus through single spore isolation method. Since the taxonomy placement of this genus in the subphylum Pezizomycotina is unknown, phylogenetic analyses was carried out based on Internal Transcribed Spacer of ribosomal DNA sequence by using Maximum Parsimony method. The phylogenetic tree suggested that genus Kiliophora should taxonomically be placed in the family Amphisphaeriaceae (Ordo Xylariales). This report is the first finding of K. ubiensis from Indonesia.
Lateral Surface Nanowires and Quantum Structures Based on ZnO

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been important for the development of practical devices such as thin film transistors, magnetic semiconductors, transparent electrodes, and so on. ZnO has a large exciton energy of 60 meV, which raises the interesting possibility of utilizing excitonic effects at temperatures higher than 300 K (Thomas, 1960). Optically pumped UV stimulated emissions from ZnO layers have been demonstrated (Yu et al., 1997). Furthermore, Mg
Increase ) Prejudice Ironic Effects of Antiprejudice Messages : How Motivational Interventions Can Reduce ( but Also

Although prejudice-reduction policies and interventions abound, is it possible that some of them result in the precise opposite of their intended effect—an increase in prejudice? We examined this question by exploring the impact of motivationbased prejudice-reduction interventions and assessing whether certain popular practices might in fact increase prejudice. In two experiments, participants received detailed information on, or were primed with, the goal of prejudice reduction; the information and primes either encouraged autonomous motivation to regulate prejudice or emphasized the societal requirement to control prejudice. Ironically, motivating people to reduce prejudice by emphasizing external control produced more explicit and implicit prejudice than did not intervening at all. Conversely, participants in whom autonomous motivation to regulate prejudice was induced displayed less explicit and implicit prejudice compared with no-treatment control participants. We outline strategies for effectively reducing prejudice and discuss the detrimental consequences of enforcing antiprejudice standards.
Unsymmetrical Mixed Ligand (With 2, 3- Dihydroxypyridine and Some Amino Acids) on Complxation with Metal Ions Hg(II) and UO2(II): Syntesis, Spectral Characterization and Antifungal Activity

Unsymmetrical mixed ligand metal complexes of Hg(II) and UO2(II) with 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (DHP) and amino acids glycine (gly), alanine (ala), valine (val) and leucine (leu) have been synthesized. All synthesized complexes were characterized by analytical and spectral studies i.e. elemental analysis, electronic, IR and thermal (TGA, DTA, DSC) spectral studies. On the basis of characterization data UO2(II) complexes possessed six coordinated octahedral geometry while Hg(II) complexes possessed four coordinated tetrahedral geometry. In vitro antifungal activity of the complexes was examined against the fungi F.moniliformae and R.solani by using food poison technique.
Computer vision and digital signage

Digital signage in combination with computer vision oers an eective platform for out-of-home advertisement which can oer accurate audience measurement data. Such intel- ligent digital signage systems can also adapt the displayed contents to the actual audience in real time and even enable simple non-contact human computer interaction. In this paper we would like to show how digital signage can be made much more eective by using computer vision technology. Computer vision methods for face detection, classification and recognition of people's behavior in front of digital displays can provide some objective data about the people (demographic data such as age and sex for example) who have observed the messages displayed. Furthermore, computer vision can be used for a non-contact way of user interaction with the displayed content.
A Nonlinear Dynamic Model for Periodic Motion of Slender Threadline Structures

Moving slender threadline structures are widely used in various engineering fields. The dynamics of these systems is sometimes time dependent but in most cases follows a periodic pattern, and slender yarn motion in textile engineering is a typical problem of this category. In the present paper, we propose a nonlinear approach to model the dynamic behavior of slender threadline structures with a real example in the analysis of slender yarn motion in spinning. Moving boundary conditions of yarn are derived and a consequence of the perturbation analysis for the dimensionless governing equations provides the zero order approximate equation of motion to remove the time dependence. Consequently, the time dependent problem can be solved by approximate solutions of steady-state governing equations subject to the derived moving boundary conditions. The simulation results are more accurate than the results by earlier work and show good agreement with measurement data. The proposed modeling and perturbation approximation procedure is thus an accurate and practical way to deal with periodical motion of a category of slender threadline structures.
Response of a Simply Supported Beam with a Strain Rate Dependent Elasticity Modulus when Subjected to a Moving Load

: The response of a simply supported beam model is simulated under single moving load at different velocities. The beam is discretized into small elements and strain and displacement measurements are obtained at each time step. Contrary to previous work based on a constant modulus of elasticity, here the strain measurements use a time-variant (dynamic) modulus of elasticity. A time-variant modulus influences the bridge response, being more significant at highest velocities.
The influence of strongly coloured foodstuffs on the performance of rapid on-site mycotoxin tests

Mycotoxines zijn secundaire metabolieten geproduceerd door schimmels, die veelvuldig als contaminanten in voedsel aanwezig zijn. Bij inname kunnen ze acuut-toxische of chronisch-toxische effecten (zoals carcinogene, teratogene en oestrogene) teweegbrengen bij mens en dier. Omwille van de volksgezondheid dienen mycotoxines opgespoord te worden in voedingsmiddelen. De meest betrouwbare analysemethodes maken gebruik van chromatografische technieken, zoals GC-MS, HPLC en LC-MS. Die zijn echter duur en tijdrovend. Vandaar de groeiende vraag naar snelle detectiemethodes die ook buiten het laboratorium uitgevoerd kunnen worden. De bedoeling is dat op de plaats van staalname onmiddellijk een antwoord kan gegeven worden op de vraag of een welbepaald mycotoxine al dan niet in een monster aanwezig is. Aangezien snelle membraantesten, zoals flow-through en dipstick immunoassays problemen van kleuradsorptie en interferentie geven bij sterk gekleurde voedingsmiddelen (geroosterde koffie, cacao, specerijen, rode wijn, bier), werd hiervoor een nieuw type veldtest ontwikkeld: de clean-up tandem assay column. In deze test gebeurt de opzuivering en de detectie (al dan niet blauwkleuring) in een stap.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Performance: Empirical Evidence from a Panel of the Bucharest Stock Exchange Listed Companies

This paper aims at empirically investigating the relationship between CSR and corporate performance by using both accounting-based performance measures (e.g. ROA, ROE, and ROS), as well as market-based firm performance measures (e.g. PER, EPS, and PBV), for a sample of companies listed on the BSE during the period 2008-2011. In addition, there were considered several control variables that cover firm’s characteristics including size, indebtedness, as well as the company’s tenure. By employing panel data regression models without cross-section effects, we found a negative relationship between CSR and ROS, as well as a positive association between CSR and EPS. Furthermore, by estimating fixed-effects panel data regression models, the positive relationship between CSR and EPS was reinforced. In addition, we have performed several robustness checks such as the presence of autocorrelation in the residuals, as well as the variance inflation factors towards multicollinearity. The novelty of the current paper consists in the consideration of a multifarious set of performance ratios. This research is important for both managers and investors, since CSR undertakings improve corporate performance.
Mission attachment and job embeddedness in the trade union sector of South Africa

The job embeddedness construct is a totality of forces that act as a web of attachments to mitigate employee turnover. This view has gained support from research by Holtom, Mitchell and Lee (2006) but further research is needed to expand our understanding of the concept. In this article the applicability of mission attachment as a fourth dimension of job embeddedness is tested, thereby adding to our understanding of the construct.Data from 134 (trade union) and 30 (comparison group) respondents were analysed quantitatively and it was found that within a social organisation such as a trade union there is a strong, consistent and positive ranking between mission awareness and organisational job embeddedness. The results also show that the different dimensions of mission attachment had a significant impact on employees in the trade union sample. An additional finding was that employees in the trade union sector who are highly attached to the mission of the organisation tend to be those who have been employed in that sector for a relatively short period and that mission attachment declines over time.
The impact of advection schemes on lateral shear and baroclinic instability

This research quantifies spurious dissipation and mixing of several different advection schemes in some idealised experiments including lateral shear and baroclinic instabilities in the framework of one ocean model. The advection schemes are categorised based on their dissipative behaviour using several different methods such as background potential energy and numerical dissipation analysis. Such analyses help to choose between highly accurate but complex schemes and lower order less complex schemes balancing accuracy and computational costs. The Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO), the 5-point-stencil Monotonicity Preserving (MP5) advection schemes are used as highly accurate complex schemes. The Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) schemes and the simple upwind schemes as less complex advection schemes are also compared. The analyses show that the MP5 scheme and the SPL-max-1/3 (Symmetric Piecewise-Linear) as a TVD advection scheme provide the best results although the MP5 scheme is approximately 2.3 times more expensive than the SPL-max- 1/3 scheme in this implementation. In contrast to the configuration of baroclinic instability test case with a small Rossby number, when significant differences between schemes become apparent, the different advection schemes behave similarly for a larger Rossby number. Another major outcome of the present study is that positive global numerical dissipation and positive background potential energy evolution delay the restratification process.
Models of generation of power laws of distribution in the processes of seismicity and in formation of oil fields and ore deposits

[1] A feature indicative of non-equilibrium dynamic system is a fulfillment of a power law of distribution. We consider a number of simple models of generation of power-law distributions in seismic processes and in the processes of mineral deposits formation. As for seismicity, it is shown that deterministic earthquake prediction does not appear to be possible within the used model, whereas a probabilistic prognosis is feasible. Thus it seems possible to reconcile the well-known theoretical concept of unpredictability of earthquakes with the actual existence of algorithms realizing a non-trivial prognosis of strong earthquakes. As for processes of mineral deposits formation, models are discussed that permit to explain a generation of a power-law distribution of a number of large hydrocarbon and ore deposits from the stock values. A new interpretation is proposed of relatively less (than could be expected from the extrapolation of a power distribution law) number of deposits with relatively smaller stock values.