Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MPPT techniques for a photovoltaic pumping system

A study of some MPPT algorithms and type (central or distributed) for an off-grid photovoltaic installation is presented. First, the efficiency of using MPPT algorithms in a specific application (water pumping) has been proved. Then, some widely used MPPT algorithms (Table Look-up Neuro-fuzzy, Incremental Conductance and Perturb and Observe) are compared, independently on the application. Their performances are evaluated using measured data from the target area, and compared in similar conditions, thanks to simulations. Since the P&O algorithm is easy to implement, and it shows a fast dynamic performance, although the non-linearity of the photovoltaic panel' model, it is selected to track the MPP and is successfully tested on a detailed model of a Buck converter, using PowerSim. Then, the power efficiency comparison between the central and distributed MPPT is discussed.
Increased Birefringence in the Meiotic Spindle Provides a New Marker for the Onset of Activation in Living Oocytes1

Abstract The newly developed Pol-Scope allows imaging of spindle retardance, which is an optical property of organized macromolecular structures that can be observed in living cells without fixation or staining. Experiments were undertaken to examine changes in meiotic spindles during the initial stages of activation of living mouse oocytes using the Pol-Scope. Parthenogenetic activation of oocytes treated with calcium ionophore evoked a dynamic increase in meiotic spindle retardance, particularly of the midregion, before spindle rotation and second polar body extrusion. The pronounced increase in spindle retardance, which could, for the first time to our knowledge, be quantified in living oocytes, was maintained during polar body extrusion. Spindle retardance of newly in vivo fertilized oocytes was significantly higher than that of ovulated, metaphase II oocytes. Pol-Scope imaging of fertilized oocytes did not affect subsequent development. These results establish that increased spindle retardance precedes polar body extrusion and pronuclear formation. The increased birefringence in the spindle provides an early indicator of oocyte activation. Thus, noninvasive, quantitative imaging of the onset of activation in living oocytes might improve the efficiency of assisted fertilization and other embryo technologies.
Diversity of conformational states and changes within the EF‐hand protein superfamily

The EF‐hand motif, which assumes a helix‐loop‐helix structure normally responsible for Ca2+ binding, is found in a large number of functionally diverse Ca2+ binding proteins collectively known as the EF‐hand protein superfamily. In many superfamily members, Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF‐hand motif, leading to the activation or inactivation of target proteins. In calmodulin and troponin C, this is described as a change from the closed conformational state in the absence of Ca2+ to the open conformational state in its presence. It is now clear from structures of other EF‐hand proteins that this “closed‐to‐open” conformational transition is not the sole model for EF‐hand protein structural response to Ca2+. More complex modes of conformational change are observed in EF‐hand proteins that interact with a covalently attached acyl group (e.g., recoverin) and in those that dimerize (e.g., S100B, calpain). In fact, EF‐hand proteins display a multitude of unique conformational states, together constituting a conformational continuum. Using a quantitative 3D approach termed vector geometry mapping (VGM), we discuss this tertiary structural diversity of EF‐hand proteins and its correlation with target recognition. Proteins 1999;37:499–507. ©1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibroblast gene expression profile reflects the stage of tumour progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. This study examined the behaviour of fibroblast strains from normal oral mucosa, dysplastic epithelial tissue, and genetically stable (minimal copy number alterations—CNA; minimal loss of heterozygosity—LOH; wild‐type p53; wild‐type p16$^{{\rm INK4A}}$) and unstable (extensive CNA and LOH; inactivation of p53 and p16$^{{\rm INK4A}}$) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Fibroblasts from genetically unstable OSCC relative to the other fibroblast subtypes grew more slowly and stimulated the invasion of a non‐tumourigenic keratinocyte cell line into fibroblast‐rich collagen gels. To understand these findings, genome‐wide transcriptional profiles were generated using the GeneChip® cDNA whole transcript microarray platform. Principal component analysis showed that the fibroblasts could be distinguished according to the stage of tumour development. Tumour progression was associated with down‐regulation of cell cycle‐ and cytokinesis‐related genes and up‐regulation of genes encoding transmembrane proteins including cell adhesion molecules. Gene expression was validated in independent fibroblast strains using qRT‐PCR. Gene connectivity and interactome‐transcriptome associations were determined using a systems biology approach to interrogate the gene expression data. Clusters of gene signatures were identified that characterized genetically unstable and stable OSCCs relative to each other and to fibroblasts from normal oral mucosa. The expression of highly connected genes associated with unstable OSCCs, including those that encode α‐SMA and the integrin α6, correlated with poor patient prognosis in an independent dataset of head and neck cancer. The results of this study demonstrate that fibroblasts from unstable OSCCs represent a phenotypically distinguishable subset that plays a major role in oral cancer biology. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene imprinting during placental and embryonic development

INTRODUCTION Since the early years of the twentieth century, the science of genetics has been based upon the Mendelian theory of the reciprocal equivalence of the parental genomes to the properties of their offspring (Mendel, 1865). Mendel based his theory on hybridization experiments with peas, which he carried out in 1864 in a small garden of a monastery near Brno. In drawing his conclusions, he used the results obtained with only seven traits, which could be easily followed in the progeny. However, in Mendel’s own words, some traits “did not permit a definite and sharp separation” (Falk, 1991). If he had pursued his experiments examining additional traits, it would be very likely that he would have obtained results that could not have been reconciled with his own laws. This is because it is now recognized that genetic imprinting exists in flowering plants (angiosperm), as it does in mammals, making “Mendelian genetics” incomplete (Solter, 1988; Moore and Haig, 1991; Kermicle and Alleman, 1990). The term imprinting has a history of its own. The meaning of imprinting as coined by Lorenz (1952) differs greatly from the definition currently used in modern genetics. Historically, Lorenz called traits imprinted if these were acquired by the exposure of animals to certain environmental conditions. The modern use of the term imprinting, as it pertains to the chromosome, was introduced by Crouse in 1960, who described the disappearance of paternal chromosomes in Sciara, a scale insect (Crouse, 1960). In this review, we use the term imprinting for any uniparental-dependent transmittance of a genetic trait. There exist structural differences between the maternally and the paternally inherited genomes. These can lead to parental-dependent differences in all the biological processes in which the genetic material directly participates, such as replication, recombination, translocation, repair of damage, and last but not least tran-
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Research of Goal Attainment of Green Transportation Development Policy —Take Dongguan “Motorcycle Ban” Policy as an Example

Launching the evaluation research of green transportation can grasp the green transportation implementation accurately and diagnose the existing problems. From the perspective of green transportation, this research chose Dongguan “motorcycle ban” policy as the research object, and constructed secondary evaluation index system in transportation and environmental harmony, transportation and future harmony, transportation and society harmony, transportation and resource harmony, four dimensions. Then it used fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to do the evaluation and found that the policy’s positive effect on the Dongguan green transportation development was average. Finally, based on the evaluation results, measures and advices were proposed.
On Scalable H-infinity Control

Many of the classical approaches to controller synthesis do not scale well for large and complex systems. This is mainly due to computational complexity and the lack of distributed structure in the resulting controllers. It is important that limitations on the information given and processed by sensors and actuators can be incorporated into the design procedure. However, such constraints may greatly complicate controller synthesis. In this thesis, the need for scalability is addressed and a scalable as well as optimal control law is presented. The criteria on optimality is measured in the H-infinity norm, a norm that is fundamental in the theory of robust control and treats the objective of worst-case disturbance attenuation. The optimal controller is a state feedback law applicable to linear and time-invariant systems with some symmetry in their structure. More specifically, the system has to be stable and have a state-space representation with a symmetric state matrix. Furthermore, the state and control inputs have to be penalized separately. An analog result is given for infinite-dimensional systems. In the infinite-dimensional case, the criteria on the system are essentially as in the finite-dimensional case, however, somewhat more involved. Systems with the aforementioned property of symmetry have states that affect each other with equal rate coefficients. Such representations appear, for instance, in different types of transportation networks such as buffer systems. The heat equation is an infinite-dimensional system for which the result is applicable. This equation can model heat conduction systems as well as other types of diffusion, such as chemical diffusion. Examples are included to demonstrate the simplicity in synthesis as well as the performance of the control law. (Less)
Ophthalmic Glucose Monitoring System: A Novel Diagnostic Approach for Diabetes

Diabetes is a disease in which levels of blood glucose, also called blood sugar, are above normal. Normally, after a meal, the body breaks food down into glucose, which the blood carries to cells throughout the body. Cells use insulin, a hormone made in the pancreas, to help them convert blood glucose into energy. People develop diabetes because the pancreas does not make enough insulin or because the cells in the muscles, liver, and fat do not use insulin properly, or both. As a result, the amount of glucose in the blood increases while the cells are starved of energy. Over the years, high blood glucose, also called hyperglycaemia, damages nerves and blood vessels, which can lead to complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, nerve problems, gum infections, and amputation. Diabetic patients are generally advised to check their blood glucose every day. Since the all current existing conventional methods of home blood glucose tests are painful, intimidating, laborious, and expensive, since they require obtaining a blood sample by pricking a fingertip with a needle or lancet. Thus it is necessary to develop a non-invasive blood glucose measurement method which could provide fast, painless, and convenient glucose monitoring to diabetic patients. The ophthalmic glucose monitoring system is a non-invasive method of determination of blood glucose and consists of wearable contact lenses which are equipped with sensors which detect glucose level in the lachrymal fluid which can be correlated with blood glucose level.
A Vehicle Parking Detection Method Based on Correlation of Magnetic Signals

Recently, significant research efforts have been focused on vehicle parking detection due to fuel consumption and traffic congestion. Many solutions have been successfully applied in indoor parking lots. However, due to the strong noise disturbance in outdoor parking environment, the detection accuracy for on-street parking is still a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a vehicle parking detection method by the use of normalized cross-correlation (NCC) of magnetic signals generated by magnetoresistive sensors. In the proposed method, the sensed signal is correlated with a reference. If the result is greater than a threshold, a pulse is generated. One of the primary factors that affect the accuracy of the NCC-based detection is the choice of reference which is obtained by using a k-means clustering algorithm in this paper. Compared with the-state-of-the-art vehicle detection methods, the proposed method is competitive in terms of cost, accuracy, and complexity. The proposed method is simulated and tested on the Xueyuan Boulevard, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China. The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide the detection accuracy of 99.33% for arrival and 99.63% for departure.
Continuous semantics for strong normalisation

We prove a general strong normalisation theorem for higher type rewrite systems based on Tait's strong computability predicates and a strictly continuous domain-theoretic semantics. The theorem applies to extensions of Gödel's system T, but also to various forms of barrecursion for which strong normalisation was hitherto unknown.
THE GRAM STAINING MECHANISM OF CAT TONGUE KERATIN

Ermsst’s early observation (4) that keratin staimis positively with Gramn’s muethod led us to apply the staimi to the keratogemsous zomies of epithelial structures, and subsequemitly to attempt a cytochemical analysis of the mechanism of the staimi. Our studies of the keratin of cat tongue filiform papillae, although not yet completed, failed to comsfirrn the recemit claims by Fischer and Larose (5) that sulfhydryl groups participate in the staims. It was evident, however, that certain reactive groups of proteimis are involved.
Emotion recognition from audio-visual data using rule based decision level fusion

Emotion recognition systems aim at identifying emotions of human subjects from underlying data with acceptable accuracy. Audio and visual signals, being the primary modalities of human emotion perception, have attained the most attention in developing intelligent systems for natural interaction. The emotion recognition system must automatically identify the human emotional states from his or her voice and facial image, unaffected by all possible constraints. In this work, an audio-visual emotion recognition system has been developed that uses fusion of both the modalities at the decision level. At first, separate emotion recognition systems that use speech and facial expressions were developed and tested separately. The speech emotion recognition system was tested on two standard speech emotion databases: Berlin EMODB database and Assamese database. The efficiency of visual emotion recognition system was analyzed using the eNTREFACE'05 database. Then a decision rule was set for fusion of both audio and visual information at the decision level to identify emotions. The proposed multi-modal system has been tested on the same eNTERFACE'05 database.
Male sexuality in Vietnam: the case of male-to-male sex.

BACKGROUND To implement effective behaviour change interventions for men who have sex with men, qualitative information was collected about the contexts and meanings of sex and relationships between men in Ho Chi Minh City. METHODS Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with 74 men aged 18 years or older who had had sex with another man in the previous 12 months. RESULTS Findings reveal that sex between men exists and is associated with two common descriptors in Vietnam: bong lo for those who are feminised in public and bong kin for those who are not, and are often married. In sexual relationships, for both groups of men, there is a trade off between sexual pleasure and risk. Condoms may not be used, particularly when having sex with a partner who was considered to be good looking or perceived as 'clean'. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the need for HIV prevention programs which address issues of sexual meaning in male-to-male sexual relationships.
Analysis of Different Steganographic Algorithms for Secured Data Hiding

The goal of steganography is to avoid drawing suspicion to the transmission of a hidden message. If suspicion is raised, steganography may fail. The success of steganography depends on the secrecy of the action. If steganography is detected, the system will fail but data security depends on the robustness of the applied algorithm. In this paper, we compress the secret message and encrypt it by the receiver's public key along with the stego key and embed both messages in a carrier using an embedding algorithm. The stego - image is the result we get by running the algorithm you select on the message (file to hide) and cover (image). It can be saved into BMP or PNG format. The reason that it can only be saved in these formats is because they are lossless - there is no information lost as part of the file formatting. The various applications of steganography include secure military communications, multimedia watermarking and fingerprinting applications for authentication purposed to curb the problem of digital piracy.
Significance Analysis for Typical Objects in mmWave Urban Railway Propagation Environment

The growing ridership in railway transport brings pressure and challenges to the operation and infrastructure construction of railway transport, and wireless communication is the fundamental part. In the 5G era, railway communications are required to evolve from handling only the critical signaling applications, to various high data rate applications. The millimeter wave (mmWave) band is considered as a key technology, while there is a lack of deep analysis for railway propagation scenarios. In this paper, a significance analysis methodology, which analyzes and distinguishes the contributions of different railway objects to the mmWave propagation channel, is proposed. Ray tracing (RT) simulation and the ITU-R mmWave band material parameters are combined to overcome the challenges on mobile railway channel measurement, based on which close-to-real simulations can be conducted. The features of train-to-infrastructure (T2I) urban communication scenarios are studied. Statistically consistent environment models are generated automatically based on the code for design of railway infrastructure, which enables conducting extensive practical simulations and extracting parameters at ray level. The significance criteria is studied and non-trivial objects and materials are determined for T2I urban scenarios, which not only numerically indicates the influences of typical railway objects, but also provides theoretical fundamentals for efficient environment modeling for accurate RT based deterministic channel modeling.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the recA Gene fro the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp . Strain PCC 7002 t

The recA gene of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 was detected and cloned from a Agtwes genomic librjb by heterologous hybridization by using a gene-internal fragment of the Escherichia coli recA gene as the prow The gene encodes a 38-kilodalton polypeptide which is antigenically related to the RecA protein of E. coIl. TlY nucleotide sequence of a portion of the gene was determined. The translation of this region was 5 ' homologous to the E. coli protein; allowances for conservative amino acid replacements yield a homology va of about 74%. The cyanobacterial recA gene product was proficient in restoring homologous recombinatloht partial resistance to UV irradiation to recA mutants of E. coli. Heterologous hybridization experiments, which the Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 recA gene was used as the probe, indicate that a homologous is probably present in all cyanobacterial strains.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY , TOTAL POLYPHENOL CONTENT AND ANTHOCYANINS CONTENT OF SAMBUCUS EBULUS L . AQUEOUS AND AQUEOUS – ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS DEPEND ON THE TYPE AND CONCENTRATION OF EXTRAGENT

Sambucus ebulus (SE) (Dwarf elder) is an herbaceous plant well known in the traditional medicine of the Balkans and Anatolia for its healing effects in many disorders. The present study aimed to compare SE aqueous (SEA) and aqueous – ethanolic (SEAE) (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) fruit extracts in regard of their antioxidant activity (AOA), total polyphenol content (TPC) and anthocyanins content (AC). The ABTS cation radical decorization assay was applied to determine in vitro AOA of the extracts. TPC was determined using Folin – Ciocalteu reagent. AC was evaluated by pH – differential method. SEA extract showed highest AOA (5.50 mM UAE) and TPC (52.19 mg QE/g dry weight), followed by 40% SEAE extract and 60% SEAE extract. Highest AC was measured for 40% SEAE (14.07 mg/g dry weight) and 60% SEAE (14.2mg/g dry weight). Using 80% ethanol as extragent resulted in 32% lower AOA as compared to SEA extract. Statistical analysis showed higher degree of correlation between AOA and TPC (r= 0.98) than between AOA and AC (r=0.81). The results suggest that AOA and possible related to it beneficial effects of Sambucus ebulus extracts are primary due to its TPC.
Lethal intragroup aggression by adult male spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)

I report three cases of coalitionary aggression by adult male black‐handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) against subadult males within their community on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. Two of these cases were followed by the disappearance and presumed death of the victim. Similar behavior was recently reported by Valero et al. [in press], who suggested that this behavior may be the result of intense male reproductive competition. Like the single instance they reported, the cases I report all occurred when the operational sex ratio was approximately 1:1, which suggests that intense competition among males for access to reproductively viable females may be a contributing factor. Additionally the very low density of spider monkeys on BCI may play a significant role in the occurrence of this lethal aggression. Large numbers of adult males are not necessary to protect a territorial boundary against neighboring groups, and additional males may act merely as mating competition. Am. J. Primatol. 68:1197–1201, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
L2-Stability Independent of Diffusion for a Finite Element-Finite Volume Discretization of a Linear Convection-Diffusion Equation

We consider a time-dependent and a steady linear convection-diffusion equation. These equations are approximately solved by a combined finite element--finite volume method: the diffusion term is discretized by Crouzeix--Raviart piecewise linear finite elements on a triangular grid, and the convection term by upwind barycentric finite volumes. In the unsteady case, the implicit Euler method is used as time discretization. This scheme is shown to be unconditionally $L^2$-stable, uniformly with respect to the diffusion coefficient.