Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TESTING A STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR LABORATORY WEATHERING ON SULPHIDE CONTAINING MINE TAILINGS

A Standard Test Method (ASTM D 5744), for laboratory weathering using a humidity cell procedure, was conducted on two sulfide containing tailings samples from a metallurgical site in Ontario (Canada). To test the reliability of this method, results were compared with those of previous studies on the same samples. The mineralogy of the samples differs only by the addition of a small amount of natrojarosite in one of the samples. The sulfide oxidation rate and release rates of elements during weathering were monitored. Both processes are influenced strongly by the capacity of the material to generate acidity, which was enhanced by the presence of natrojarosite. Acid-neutralization processes occurring during the laboratory test were affected by reaction kinetics. In the laboratory tests, the carbonate minerals more readily neutralized acid compared to field observations, where a more prolonged solid-solution interaction allowed chemical equilibration to be reached. As a consequence, the capacity of this standard test to predict weathering reactions is limited by its inability to reproduce the chronology of full scale reactions.
Detection of the BCR-ABL Leukemia Gene Fusion using Chip-based Electrochemical Assay

Ability to diagnose cancer before it progresses into advanced stages is highly desirable for the best treatment outcome. A sensitive test to analyze complex samples for specific cancer biomarkers would provide with important prognostic information and help to select the best treatment regimen. A highly robust, ultra sensitive and costeffective electronic chip platform was used to detect nucleic acid biomarkers in heterogeneous biological samples without any amplification or purification. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was chosen as a model disease due to its hallmark genetic abnormality. This disease state therefore has an ideal market to test the detection of the fusion transcripts in complex samples, such as blood. It was shown that the CML-related fusion can be detected from unpurified cell lysates and as low as 10 cells were needed for detection. Finally, patient samples were analyzed using the assay and the fusion transcripts were accurately identified in all of them.
Creating causal representations from ontologies and Bayesian networks

Inducing Bayesian network structure has been an active research topic since they were introduced, especially when considering their causal interpretation. There have been several attempts at guiding the learning process by providing additional knowledge, usually supplied by experts. In the recent years, ontologies have gained popularity in terms of publishing domain knowledge in a formal, systematic and machine understandable way. In this paper we focus on how to use the knowledge present in publicly available ontologies to assist the construction of causal Bayesian networks, considering the robotics scenario. We consider the needed assumptions to make the process sound and discuss about performances. We will conclude that the integration of ontologies and Bayesian nets is valid and has many potential directions for future extension.
Magnetoelectric domain control in multiferroic TbMnO3

Visualizing ferroelectric domains Multiferroic materials support intertwined ferromagnetic and ferroelectric orders, with the magnetic field capable of controlling the electric order and vice versa. Matsubara et al. used second harmonic generation microscopy to visualize what happens to the ferroelectric domains in the multiferroic TbMnO3 when an externally applied magnetic field changes the direction of electric polarization by 90°. Unexpectedly, the domain walls, initially parallel to the polarization vector, did not change their shape or position. The resulting transition from neutral to charged domain walls may help in the development of future ferroelectric devices. Science, this issue p. 1112 Second harmonic generation microscopy visualizes the evolution of ferroelectric domains under an external magnetic field. The manipulation of domains by external fields in ferroic materials is of major interest for applications. In multiferroics with strongly coupled magnetic and electric order, however, the magnetoelectric coupling on the level of the domains is largely unexplored. We investigated the field-induced domain dynamics of TbMnO3 in the multiferroic ground state and across a first-order spin-flop transition. In spite of the discontinuous nature of this transition, the reorientation of the order parameters is deterministic and preserves the multiferroic domain pattern. Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulations reveal that this behavior is intrinsic. Such magnetoelectric correlations in spin-driven ferroelectrics may lead to domain wall–based nanoelectronics devices.
Effect of formate on fluid absorption in proximal tubules of wild-type and knockout mice

LAWRENCE P. KARNISKI,1 TONG WANG,2 LORRAINE A. EVERETT,3 ERIC D. GREEN,3 GERHARD GIEBISCH,2 AND PETER S. ARONSON2,4 1Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Departments of 2Cellular and Molecular Physiology and 4Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and 3Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
A Comparative Study of a Fan Out Packaged Product: Chip First and Chip Last

This paper compares the attributes of the embedded wafer level BGA (eWLB) and a flip chip package structure, called Fan-Out Chip Last Package (FOCLP). The comparison involves a study in finite element modeling, advanced warpage metrology, reliability testing and physical structure comparisons. The purpose of this study is to understand the similarities and differences between these two package structures. It is clear from these studies that these two packages are very similar in form, format and function. In other words, the FOCLP package may be a practical replacement of the eWLB package. An additional advantage of the FOCLP package is that it can be manufactured in high volume using existing flip chip infrastructure while the eWLB requires costly investment in wafer level equipment.
On the achievability of interference alignment for three-cell MIMO interfering broadcast channel

Interference alignment (IA) is a promising technique to effectively mitigate interference in wireless communication systems. In this paper, a novel IA based scheme is proposed, which is jointed design of transmit precoding matrices and receive beam forming matrices for the three-cell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). Gaussian interfering broadcast channels (MIMO-IFBC) with constant channel between each node, where each base station (BS) is equipped with M antennas, each mobile station (MS) is equipped with N antennas on the cell boundary, and each BS sends d data streams to each user in its cell. This corresponds to a down link scenario for cellular networks, where K users with the user cooperation in each cell. It is also analytically shown that total 3Kd degrees of freedom (Do F) is achievable if M = N ≥ 2Kd. The simulations demonstrate the sum-rate of our proposed scheme also out performs those of conventional techniques, especially in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime.
Termination of Atrial Fibrillation Using Pulsed Low-Energy Far-Field Stimulation

Background— Electrically based therapies for terminating atrial fibrillation (AF) currently fall into 2 categories: antitachycardia pacing and cardioversion. Antitachycardia pacing uses low-intensity pacing stimuli delivered via a single electrode and is effective for terminating slower tachycardias but is less effective for treating AF. In contrast, cardioversion uses a single high-voltage shock to terminate AF reliably, but the voltages required produce undesirable side effects, including tissue damage and pain. We propose a new method to terminate AF called far-field antifibrillation pacing, which delivers a short train of low-intensity electric pulses at the frequency of antitachycardia pacing but from field electrodes. Prior theoretical work has suggested that this approach can create a large number of activation sites (“virtual” electrodes) that emit propagating waves within the tissue without implanting physical electrodes and thereby may be more effective than point-source stimulation. Methods and Results— Using optical mapping in isolated perfused canine atrial preparations, we show that a series of pulses at low field strength (0.9 to 1.4 V/cm) is sufficient to entrain and subsequently extinguish AF with a success rate of 93% (69 of 74 trials in 8 preparations). We further demonstrate that the mechanism behind far-field antifibrillation pacing success is the generation of wave emission sites within the tissue by the applied electric field, which entrains the tissue as the field is pulsed. Conclusions— AF in our model can be terminated by far-field antifibrillation pacing with only 13% of the energy required for cardioversion. Further studies are needed to determine whether this marked reduction in energy can increase the effectiveness and safety of terminating atrial tachyarrhythmias clinically.
Interval Enclosures of Upper Bounds of Roundoff Errors Using Semidefinite Programming

A long-standing problem related to floating-point implementation of numerical programs is to provide efficient yet precise analysis of output errors. We present a framework to compute lower bounds on largest absolute roundoff errors, for a particular rounding model. This method applies to numerical programs implementing polynomial functions with box constrained input variables. Our study is based on three different hierarchies, relying respectively on generalized eigenvalue problems, elementary computations, and semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations. This is complementary of over-approximation frameworks, consisting of obtaining upper bounds on the largest absolute roundoff error. Combining the results of both frameworks allows one to get enclosures for upper bounds on roundoff errors. The under-approximation framework provided by the third hierarchy is based on a new sequence of convergent robust SDP approximations for certain classes of polynomial optimization problems. Each problem in this hierarchy can be solved exactly via SDP. By using this hierarchy, one can provide a monotone nondecreasing sequence of lower bounds converging to the absolute roundoff error of a program implementing a polynomial function, applying for a particular rounding model. We investigate the efficiency and precision of our method on nontrivial polynomial programs coming from space control, optimization, and computational biology.
Unraveling resistive versus collisional contributions to relativistic electron beam stopping power in cold-solid and in warm-dense plasmas

We present results on laser-driven relativistic electron beam propagation through aluminum samples, which are either solid and cold or compressed and heated by laser-induced shock. A full numerical description of fast electron generation and transport is found to reproduce the experimental absolute Kα yield and spot size measurements for varying target thicknesses, and to sequentially quantify the collisional and resistive electron stopping powers. The results demonstrate that both stopping mechanisms are enhanced in compressed Al samples and are attributed to the increase in the medium density and resistivity, respectively. For the achieved time- and space-averaged electronic current density, ⟨jh⟩∼8×1010 A/cm2 in the samples, the collisional and resistive stopping powers in warm and compressed Al are estimated to be 1.5 keV/μm and 0.8 keV/μm, respectively. By contrast, for cold and solid Al, the corresponding estimated values are 1.1 keV/μm and 0.6 keV/μm. Prospective numerical simulations involving high.
Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in bulk tank milk and milk filters.

This work is focused on the monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in raw milk and milk filters, its antibiotic resistance and detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Samples of raw cow´s milk and milk filters were collected in the period from 2012 till 2014, from 50 dairy farms in the Czech Republic. The total of 261 samples (164 samples of raw milk and 97 milk filters) were cultivated on Baird-Parker agar. Both the typical and atypical colonies were examined by plasmacoagulase test and PCR method was used for detection of species specific fragment SA442 and mec A gene. Standard disk diffusion method was used to determinate resistance to antimicrobial agents. The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was detected on 25 farms (50%). The antimicrobial resistance showed differences between the farms. Total of 58 samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus , of which were 37 (14.2%) isolated from raw milk samples and 21 (8.1%) from milk filters. From these samples we isolated 62 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 41 isolates bacteria S. aureus from raw milk (66.1%) and 21 isolates S. aureus from milk filters (33.9%). The presence of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates was low, most of them were resistant to amoxicilin. According to the results obtained by the PCR method for the methicillin - resistant S. aureus (MRSA), the mec A gene was present in 6 strains (9.7%), 4 isolates obtained from milk samples (6.5%) and 2 isolates from milk filters (3.2%). These isolates can be considered as a possible source of resistance genes, which can be spread through the food chain. Nowadays, a globally unfavourable increasing trend of prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococci strains especially Staphylococcus aureus is being observed worldwide. The improper hygiene and poor farm management practices contributed to the presence of S. aureus in the milk. This may have contributed to the high level of S. aureus isolated. Improving the hygienic conditions of the milking environment and utensils may reduce the prevalence of S. aureus in milk. Objective of this study was monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus prevalence and determine the prevalence rate of antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus isolated from raw milk and milk filters in the Czech Republic.
P2P traffic classification in encrypted tunnels

In recent years, users have begun using encrypted tunnels to transport data in order to protect transmitted messages. However, it is very difficult for network engineers to manage the quality of network traffic in encrypted tunnels. Therefore, the issue of how to classify encrypted tunnels becomes more important and it has been studied so far. However, these studies are usually based on the assumption that encrypted tunnels include only one application traffic. In fact, encrypted tunnels may include more than one kind of application traffic. Therefore, this paper proposes a solution to identify whether encrypted tunnels include one specific P2P application traffic or more. In addition, our proposed system can be trained by plain-text traffic. In the experimental results, the system can accurately classify encrypted tunnels when they include more than one kinds of application traffic.
Numerical Analysis of Resistivity Variation of Horizontal Multi-layer Earth and Its Application in Earthquake Prediction

Analyzing the stratum resistivity variation is one of the basic methods to predict earthquake. In this paper, a method for estimating the resistivity variation of horizontal multi-layer earth from the test data by Wenner's method is presented. The partial derivatives of the earth apparent resistivities with respect to the earth parameters, which are improper integrals with Bessel's function, are efficiently calculated by complex image method
Review of Cellulose Non-Derivatizing Solvent Interactions with Emphasis on Activity in Inorganic Molten Salt Hydrates

During cellulose dissolution in non-derivatizing solvents, the inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of the polymer are deconstructed. This occurs either by hydrogen bond formation between one or more components of the solvent systems and the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose or by coordination bond formation between the metal ion present in the medium and the hydroxyl group of cellulose molecules. None of the polymer molecules are actually chemically modified during dissolution. In the first part of this review, we examine the literature pertaining to the different interaction mechanisms between cellulose and non-derivatizing solvent systems with emphasis on the inorganic molten salt hydrates. In the second part of this effort, we further review inorganic molten salt hydrates from the point of view of the changes they impart to the physical properties of the cellulose and the various chemical reactions that can be performed in it.
Cost-Effective Gap Waveguide Technology Based on Glide-Symmetric Holey EBG Structures

We present a novel electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure, which can be used to manufacture low-cost waveguiding structures at high frequencies. The unit cell of the proposed EBG consists of glide-symmetric holes in parallel plate waveguide. Using this unit cell in groove gap waveguide technology has a number of advantages over pin-type EBG at high frequencies, such as acquiring higher accuracy because of larger periodicity as well as an easier and cheaper manufacturing process. The performance of the proposed waveguiding structure is demonstrated using both a straight and a double 90° bent lines through simulation and measurement.
Outlier Robust Gmm Estimation of Leverage Determinants in Linear Dynamic Panel Data Models

The GMM estimator that is usually employed in the panel data literature, has an unbounded influence function. This means that the estimator is easily influenced by outliers in the data. This paper develops a variant of the GMM estimator that is less sensitive to anomalous observations. Conditions for consistency and asymptotic normality of the robust estimator are presented. The robustness properties of the new estimator are investigated by means of simulation. An empirical illustration is provided, in which the determinants of a firm's capital structure are investigated using a panel of American firms. The application shows that the robust GMM estimator can be a very useful tool in empirical model building.
Efficient steady-state simulation of a power electronic circuit by parallel processing

It is often necessary to get steady-state waveforms of a power electronic circuit for its design or analysis. Direct steady-state analysis techniques have been researched for efficient simulation. The shooting method is one of these and it is often utilized. It is known that its multiple type form is numerically more stable than the usual single type one. Furthermore it is suitable for parallel processing and it is possible to reduce its computation time. Today parallel computing systems, or PC cluster systems which are based on PVM (parallel virtual machine) or MPI (message passing interface), are easily available. This paper proposes an efficient steady-state simulation technique based on the multiple shooting method for a power electronic circuit by parallel processing. First the principle is investigated and made clear how it works. Then it is extended to be applicable to the envelope following analysis for much more efficient simulation by combining the principles. Finally the developed method can utilize both advantages of the two principles. It takes a long CPU time to get steady-state solution even by the single shooting method. By applying the single shooting envelope following technique, it is reduced to 1/10 for an example case. By applying the proposed multiple shooting EF technique, it is reduced about to 1/30 with 10 CPUs. This shows effectiveness of the method.
Implementing Support for Intel SGX on the Barrelfish Research Operating System

Intel SGX is an instruction set extension attempting to provide secure and trusted remote computation by furnishing protected execution and data environments for application software, called “enclaves”, with hardware confidentiality and integrity protection against attacks by even prviliged software. In this work, we attempt to further the state of implementation of SGX support on the Barrelfish research operating system, a multikernel operating system designed like a message-passing, replicated-state, distributed system over the individual cores of a machine in order to deliver greater scalability with increasing core counts. A motivation for this work has been extending SGX support to Arrakis, another research operating system built from Barrelfish and designed to take the kernel out of the common data path of server software to improve performance. We are interested in exploring whether this kernel-bypass architecture lends itself to any stronger security properties then what can be achieved with more conventional operating systems.
An Investigation of Decision Analytic Methodologies for Stress Identification

Abstract In modern society, more and more people are suffering from some type of stress. Monitoring and timely detecting of stress level will be very valuable for the person to take counter measures. In this paper, we investigate the use of decision analytics methodologies to detect stress. We present a new feature selection method based on the principal component analysis (PCA), compare three feature selection methods, and evaluate five information fusion methods for stress detection. A driving stress data set created by the MIT Media lab is used to evaluate the relative performance of these methods. Our study show that the PCA can not only reduce the needed number of features from 22 to five, but also the number of sensors used from five to two and it only uses one type of sensor, thus increasing the application usability. The selected features can be used to quickly detect stress level with good accuracy (78.94%), if support vector machine fusion method is used.
Ultra low-power full-adder for biomedical applications

Addition is an essential function in fundamental arithmetic operations. It is also the most copiously used operation in application-specific processors and digital signal processing application (DSP). In this paper, we propose a novel 17-transistors full-adder based on the N-12T full-adder, which has a maximum of one threshold voltage (Vt) degradation for output voltage levels. The performance of the proposed full-adder is compared against other low-power full-adder via extensive HSPICE simulation using 100 random input vectors. The simulation results show that the proposed design permits the use of lower operating voltage to derive lower power consumption and hence, the power delay product (PDP). The advantages of the proposed full-adder has been evaluated by integrating the proposed full-adder into a multiplier-less finite impulse response (FIR) filter that is commonly used in the multirate filter bank for biomedical applications.