Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Biodegradable Organic-Inorganic Hybrids for Efficient Cell Penetration and Drug Delivery.

We report a comprehensive study on novel, highly efficient, and biodegradable hybrid molecular transporters. To this end, we designed a series of cell-penetrating, cube-octameric silsesquioxanes (COSS), and investigated cellular uptake by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. A COSS with dense spatial arrangement of guanidinium groups displayed fast uptake kinetics and cell permeation at nanomolar concentrations in living HeLa cells. Efficient uptake was also observed in bacteria, yeasts, and archaea. The COSS-based carrier was significantly more potent than cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and displayed low toxicity. It efficiently delivered a covalently attached cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin, to living tumor cells. As the uptake of fluorescently labeled carrier remained in the presence of serum, the system could be considered particularly attractive for the in vivo delivery of therapeutics.
Cobalt(II) Oxidation by the Marine Manganese(II)-Oxidizing Bacillus sp. Strain SG-1

The geochemical cycling of cobalt (Co) has often been considered to be controlled by the scavenging and oxidation of Co(II) on the surface of manganese [Mn(III,IV)] oxides or manganates. Because Mn(II) oxidation in the environment is often catalyzed by bacteria, we have investigated the ability of Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria to bind and oxidize Co(II) in the absence of Mn(II) to determine whether some Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria also oxidize Co(II) independently of Mn oxidation. We used the marine Bacillus sp. strain SG-1, which produces mature spores that oxidize Mn(II), apparently due to a protein in their spore coats (R.A. Rosson and K. H. Nealson, J. Bacteriol. 151:1027-1034, 1982; J. P. M. de Vrind et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52:1096-1100, 1986). A method to measure Co(II) oxidation using radioactive 57Co as a tracer and treatments with nonradioactive (cold) Co(II) and ascorbate to discriminate bound Co from oxidized Co was developed. SG-1 spores were found to oxidize Co(II) over a wide range of pH, temperature, and Co(II) concentration. Leucoberbelin blue, a reagent that reacts with Mn(III,IV) oxides forming a blue color, was found to also react with Co(III) oxides and was used to verify the presence of oxidized Co in the absence of added Mn(II). Co(II) oxidation occurred optimally around pH 8 and between 55 and 65°C. SG-1 spores oxidized Co(II) at all Co(II) concentrations tested from the trace levels found in seawater to 100 mM. Co(II) oxidation was found to follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. An Eadie-Hofstee plot of the data suggests that SG-1 spores have two oxidation systems, a high-affinity-low-rate system (Km, 3.3 × 10-8 M; Vmax, 1.7 × 10-15 M · spore-1 · h-1) and a low-affinity-high-rate system (Km, 5.2 × 10-6 M; Vmax, 8.9 × 10-15 M · spore-1 · h-1). SG-1 spores did not oxidize Co(II) in the absence of oxygen, also indicating that oxidation was not due to abiological Co(II) oxidation on the surface of preformed Mn(III,IV) oxides. These results suggest that some microorganisms may directly oxidize Co(II) and such biological activities may exert some control on the behavior of Co in nature. SG-1 spores may also have useful applications in metal removal, recovery, and immobilization processes.
Pseudoreference Regions for Glial Imaging with 11C-PBR28: Investigation in 2 Clinical Cohorts

The translocator protein (TSPO) is a commonly used imaging target to investigate neuroinflammation. Although TSPO imaging demonstrates great promise, its signal exhibits substantial interindividual variability, which needs to be accounted for to uncover group effects that are truly reflective of neuroimmune activation. Recent evidence suggests that relative metrics computed using pseudoreference approaches can minimize within-group variability and increase sensitivity to detect physiologically meaningful group differences. Here, we evaluated various ratio approaches for TSPO imaging and compared them with standard kinetic modeling techniques, analyzing 2 different disease cohorts. Patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and matching healthy controls received 11C-PBR28 PET scans. The occipital cortex, cerebellum and whole brain were first evaluated as candidate pseudoreference regions by testing for the absence of group differences in SUV and distribution volume (VT) estimated with an arterial input function. The SUV from target regions (cLBP study, thalamus; ALS study, precentral gyrus) was normalized with the SUV from candidate pseudoreference regions (i.e., occipital cortex, cerebellum, and whole brain) to obtain SUVRoccip, SUVRcereb, and SUVRWB. The sensitivity to detect group differences in target regions was compared using various SUVR approaches, as well as distribution volume ratio (DVR) estimated with (blDVR) or without arterial input function (refDVR), and VT. Additional voxelwise SUVR group analyses were performed. We observed no significant group differences in pseudoreference VT or SUV, excepting whole-brain VT, which was higher in cLBP patients than controls. Target VT elevations in patients (P = 0.028 and 0.051 in cLBP and ALS, respectively) were similarly detected by SUVRoccip and SUVRWB, and by refDVR and blDVR (less reliably by SUVRcereb). In voxelwise analyses, SUVRoccip, but not SUVRcereb, identified regional group differences initially observed with SUVRWB, and in additional areas suspected to be affected in the pathology examined. All ratio metrics were highly cross-correlated, but generally were not associated with VT. Although important caveats need to be considered when using relative metrics, ratio analyses appear to be similarly sensitive to detect pathology-related group differences in 11C-PBR28 signal as classic kinetic modeling techniques. The occipital cortex may be a suitable pseudoreference region, at least for the populations evaluated, pending further validation in larger cohorts.
Genetic, phenotypic and environmental relationships between sow body weight and sow productivity traits.

Yorkshire and Duroc litter records were used to estimate genetic, phenotypic and environmental relationships between sow body weight and sow productivity traits. Two data sets with two subsets each were used to complete this study; 663 and 460 records included litter traits only, while 522 and 359 records also contained sow body weight for Yorkshires and Durocs, respectively. Heritability estimates for number born (NB), number born alive (NBA), total birth weight of live pigs (BWLIT), litter weight at 3 wk (WT3WK), sow weight at parturition (WTDAMPAR) and sow weight at weaning (WTDAMWN) were . 24 +/- . 14, . 21 +/- . 14, . 42 +/- . 16, . 19 +/- . 14, . 72 +/- . 21 and . 42 +/- . 18, respectively, for Yorkshires and . 05 +/- . 10, . 04 +/- . 10, . 21 +/- . 14, . 25 +/- . 15, . 85 +/- . 25 and . 87 +/- . 26, respectively, for the Durocs. Repeatability estimates for NB, NBA, BWLIT, WT3WK, WTDAMPAR and WTDAMWN were . 13 +/- . 06, . 17 +/- . 06, . 27 +/- . 06, . 13 +/- . 06, . 64 +/- . 05 and . 54 +/- . 05, respectively, for Yorkshires and . 17 +/- . 06, . 21 +/- . 06, . 14 +/- . 06, . 17 +/- . 06, . 28 +/- . 07 and . 39 +/- . 07, respectively, for Durocs. Genetic correlations among litter traits were high and positive in the Yorkshire data. Genetic correlations between NBA and WTDAMPAR, NBA and WTDAMWN, WT3WK and WTDAMPAR, and WT3WK and WTDAMWN were . 37 +/- . 25, . 18 +/- . 34, . 60 +/- . 29 and . 29 +/- . 45, respectively, in the Yorkshire data. Genetic correlations among litter traits in the Duroc analysis had large standard errors but were generally similar to the estimates obtained from the Yorkshire data. The genetic correlation between WTDAMPAR and WTDAMWN was . 93 +/- . 09 for Yorkshire sows. The primary conclusion from this study is that as selection increases sow productivity traits, there will be a positive correlated response in sow body weight.
Single Stream DBN Model Based Triphone for Continuous Speech Recognition

In this paper, based on an single stream word- phone Dynamic Bayesian Network (WP-DBN) model and an single stream word-phone-state DBN (WPS- DBN) model proposed by Guoyun et al [8], to more accurately capture the variations in real continuous speech spectra, context-dependent triphone models are considered, two single stream DBN models, word- triphone DBN (WT-DBN) model and word-triphone- state DBN (WTS-DBN) model, are proposed for continuous speech recognition. Simultaneously, decision tree-based state tying clustering method is used to maintain the balance between model complexity and their corresponding available training data. Essentially, WTS-DBN model is a triphone model whose recognition modeling units are triphones, and simulates a conventional triphone Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Recognition experiments are done on continuous speech database, and results show that WTS-DBN model has the best performance in speech recognition rate. In clean speech environment, comparing with triphone HMM, WPS-DBN model and WT-DBN model, the improvements of 20.53%, 7.52% and 40.77% are obtained for WTS-DBN model respectively in speech recognition rate.
Complex I and Parkinson's Disease

Complex I of the mammalian electron transfer chain is composed of at least 43 protein subunits, of which 7 are encoded by mtDNA. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone and translocates protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. It may also play direct roles in the mitochondrial permeability transition and in cell death pathways. Despite the limitations of current complex I assays, biochemical studies have suggested the presence of a mild, systemic defect of complex I in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent experimental work has modeled this abnormality using rotenone to systemically inhibit complex I. Chronic rotenone exposure accurately recapitulated the pathological, biochemical, and behavioral features of PD. Thus, relatively subtle complex I abnormalities‐‐either genetic or acquired‐‐may be central to the pathogenesis of PD.
A traffic envelope and transmission schedule computation scheme for VoD systems

Several proposals for video-on-demand (VoD) systems assume batching of the user requests and subsequent multicasting of the selected videos. We propose that the waiting time, which is essential for the sake of batching, can be overlapped with a more elaborate call admission scheme. The call admission scheme provides sufficient bandwidth at any point in time, in order to achieve guaranteed delivery of the video stream without any buffering or additional delays. The call admission is based on the construction of deterministic time-dependent envelopes. Essentially, statistical multiplexing is replaced by deterministic multiplexing. Bandwidth efficiency is maintained through the particular envelope construction which minimizes the amount of over-allocated bandwidth. The construction of the envelopes can be performed using either a computationally intensive exact algorithm or by a fast heuristic. Both the envelope construction and the call admission procedure are presented and simulated in detail. The results indicate the feasibility, benefits and tradeoffs of the proposed scheme.
Pediatric Peripheral Intravenous Access: Does Nursing Experience and Competence Really Make a Difference?

Placement of peripheral pediatric intravenous (IV) catheters in infants and children is difficult, even in skilled hands. This large, 2-institution prospective study used real-time independent observations to describe the effect of nurse experience and competence on the length of time and the number of attempts to establish a successful IV placement in the hospitalized child. Data from a convenience sample of 592 evaluable patients and 1135 venipunctures showed that successful IV placements required an average of 2 venipunctures over 28 minutes. Although nurse experience and self-rated competence were correlated with attaining a successful IV placement, time of day, predicted difficulty of the venipuncture, and cooperativeness of the child appeared to be better predictors of success.
Evaluating Grayware Characteristics and Risks

Grayware encyclopedias collect known species to provide information for incident analysis, however, the lack of categorization and generalization capability renders them ineffective in the development of defense strategies against clustered strains. A grayware categorization framework is therefore proposed here to not only classify grayware according to diverse taxonomic features but also facilitate evaluations on grayware risk to cyberspace. Armed with Support Vector Machines, the framework builds learning models based on training data extracted automatically from grayware encyclopedias and visualizes categorization results with Self-Organizing Maps. The features used in learning models are selected with information gain and the high dimensionality of feature space is reduced by word stemming and stopword removal process. The grayware categorizations on diversified features reveal that grayware typically attempts to improve its penetration rate by resorting to multiple installation mechanisms and reduced code footprints. The framework also shows that grayware evades detection by attacking victims' security applications and resists being removed by enhancing its clotting capability with infected hosts. Our analysis further points out that species in categories Spyware and Adware continue to dominate the grayware landscape and impose extremely critical threats to the Internet ecosystem.
Extendible Endoprostheses for the Skeletally Immature

Aseptic loosening was identified as the predominant cause of implant related failure in a retrospective study of a consecutive series of 168 Stanmore custom made extendible endoprosthetic replacements used in skeletally immature patients. Most of the replacements were used in the treatment of bone tumor and the remainder for the revision of failed massive endoprosthetic replacements. Since the first Stanmore extendible endoprosthesis was inserted in 1976, 4 types of extension mechanisms have been used. Thirty eight of the 164 cases with followup data were revised, of which 19 were as a result of aseptic loosening. Survival analysis revealed that the overall probability of surviving an implant related failure was 0.512 (± 0.005) at 5 years, highlighting the high complication rate of these extendible replacements that required a revision procedure. Sixteen of the 19 aseptic loosening cases were distal femoral replacements. The probability of a patient with a distal femoral replacement surviving aseptic loosening was 0.773 (± 0.008) at 5 years. Other modes of implant related failure included jamming of the extending mechanism, infection, and maximum extension of the replacement before skeletal maturity had been reached.
Is Host Size an Indicator of Quality in The Mass-Reared Parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)?

ABSTRACT Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) is an endoparasitoid of fruit flies reared for augmentative biological control of several species of Anastrepha in Mexico. During the production of D. longicaudata different sizes of parasitoids are produced depending on the host size. Here, we investigated whether host size influences the biological and behavioral parameters of the wasp that emerged under laboratory conditions. Three different sizes of host (small, medium, and large) were used for the experiments. Host size significantly affected the number of parasitoids emerged as greater number of parasitoids emerged from medium size hosts compared to small and large hosts. The ratio of females to males did not differ among the groups. Host body size influenced life expectancy of parasitoid females and males deprived of food, and parasitoids that emerged from large hosts lived longer. In contrast, host body size did not significantly influence the life expectancy of parasitoid females and males provided with food ad libitum. Host body size also affected gross and net fecundity of emerged parasitoids; females that emerged from medium and large host larvae were more fecund. Host size did not affect most of the behavioral parameters evaluated, except the time of landing on source. Females that emerged from large host larvae spent less time before landing on a host source than females from the smaller hosts. Host body size did not affect the different trajectory indices evaluated, except the mean walking speed of D. longicaudata. Females developed in large hosts showed an increase walking speed compared to females from medium and small hosts.
Age and parity influences on maternal mortality: United States, 1919–1969

Comparisons of crude and standardized rates of maternal mortality show that changes in age and parity distributions of births had some influence on maternal mortality trends for the years 1919–1969 in the United States. Changes in the age and parity distributions of births for cohorts of U.S. women also influenced crude cohort maternal mortality rates to some extent.
Appearances in clinical dermatology.

Asbestos‐like appearance Pityriasis amiantacea tinea amiantacea is a papulosquamous condition of the scalp that presents with asbestos‐like thick scales attached to the hair shaft. Scales are arranged in an overlapping manner like flakes of asbestos, hence the name “amiantaceus. ” Pityriasis amiantacea is commonly seen in psoriasis but can be encountered in seborrheic dermatitis, atopic eczema, and pityriasis rosea. [2]
Have the AIDS campaigns changed the pattern of contraceptive usage among adolescents?

In 1984 ‐just before the extensive public information about prevention of HIV infection by the use of the condom (the AIDS campaigns) ‐ personal interviews about sexual experiences and use of contraception were obtained in random samples of 16‐20 year old Danes. The investigation was repeated in 1989 addressing the issue of whether the behavior of adolescents regarding sexual intercourse and use of contraception has changed. In 1984 in all 286 females (respondent rate = 75.3%) and 336 males (respondent rate = 77.8%) agreed to be interviewed. The second investigation in 1989 involved new cohorts of 16‐20 year olds and here 359 females (respondent rate = 77.9%) and 400 males (respondent rate=76.3%) participated. In 1984 approximately 20% and in 1989 approximately 10% reported no use of contraception at first sexual intercourse. In both investigations oral contraception (OC) and condom were by far the predominant methods mentioned. In 1984 38.1% of females and 34.4% of males used OC and 37.2% of females and 42.1% of males employed condom. In 1989 26.7% of females and 30.8% of males used OC and 64.8% of females and 62.1% of males employed condom. No sex difference in the distribution of the various contraceptive methods could be revealed. From 1984 to 1989 the prevalence of condom increased significantly. In the first investigation 15.9% of sexually experienced females reported no present use of contraception. The most frequently used device was OC (62.7%). The second investigation collected information about contraception employed at the most recent sexual intercourse from both females and males. Approximately 5% of both sexes mentioned no use of contraception. In all 56.7% of females and 49.1% of males reported OC. In conclusion, the AIDS campaigns in Denmark seem to have increased the use of condom at first sexual intercourse. The intention to have a condom handy has also improved among the 16‐20 year olds. In 1989 a total of 36.9% of females and 52.0% of males used condom at their most recent sexual intercourse.
reveals novel distinct classes of POU 5 F 1 ( Oct 4 ) / DNA complexes High-throughput biochemical analysis of in vivo location data data

object identifier (DOIs) and date of initial publication. by PubMed from initial publication. Citations to Advance online articles must include the digital publication). Advance online articles are citable and establish publication priority; they are indexed appeared in the paper journal (edited, typeset versions may be posted when available prior to final Advance online articles have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet
A Conceptual Stages of Growth Model for Managing an Organization's Social Media Business Profile (SMBP)

Social media can have enormous benefits for organisations, but a failure to manage how these applications are used can have significant and unintended consequences. In this paper, the authors propose a conceptual Stages of Growth (SOG) Model for managing an organisation’s Social Media Business Profile (SMBP). Following extensive reviews of SOG models in the literature, social media practitioner reports and best practice guides, and industry reported cases of SMBP implementations, the authors propose a conceptual growth model consisting of five stages and the paths of evolution between stages. The authors also suggest 10 benchmark variables by which it is proposed the stages and their dominant problems can be measured and managed. The paper concludes with a discussion of its limitations and the field studies currently being undertaken in 40 small to medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ireland to test the SMBP SOG model.
Preferential degradation of phenolic lignin units by two white rot fungi

The differential biodegradation of phenolic and nonphenolic (C-4-etherified) lignin units in wheat straw treated with the white rot fungi Pleurotus eryngii and Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated under solid-state fermentation conditions. Two analytical techniques applied to permethylated straw were used for this purpose, i.e., alkaline CuO degradation and analytical pyrolysis (both followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for product identification). Despite differences in the enzymatic machinery produced, both ligninolytic fungi caused a significant decrease in the relative amount of phenolic lignin units during the degradation process. Nevertheless, no differences in the biodegradation rates of phenolic and etherified cinnamic acids were observed. Changes in lignin composition and cinnamic acid content were also analyzed in the phenolic and nonphenolic lignin moieties. The results obtained are discussed in the context of the enzymatic mechanisms of lignin biodegradation.
Enhanced Upper Tropical Tropospheric COS: Impact on the Stratospheric Aerosol Layer

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is considered to be a major source of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol during periods of volcanic quiescence. We measured COS at the tropical tropopause and find mixing ratios to be 20 to 50% larger than are assumed in models. The enhanced COS levels are correlated with high concentrations of biomass-burning pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The analysis of backward trajectories and global maps of fire statistics suggest that biomass-burning emissions transported upward by deep convection are the source of the enhanced COS in the upper tropical troposphere.