Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ELEC 6007 Final Report : Morphogenesis and Skin Pattern Generation for 3 D Models by

This report firstly examines how Morphogenesis can be interpreted through the use of computer modelling, concentrating on reaction-diffusion equations and how they can be used to simulate real-world animal skin patterns. The report then focuses on the work done by Greg Turk in his 1991 paper ”Generating Textures on Arbitrary Surfaces Using Reaction-Diffusion” [19]. The work accomplished in Turk’s paper is discussed; implementations based on his work in one, two and three dimensions are constructed and analysed for this report. This analysis compares the implementations’ results to both those achieved by Turk and real-world skin patterns. The analysis also attempts to determine how reactiondiffusion models proposed by Turk and others function, in particular, how changing parameters affects the patterns produced. The report concludes with a discussion of whether reaction-diffusion is an appropriate model for the natural phenomenon of animal skin pattern formation. Finally, further work is proposed to extend the current implementations, as these provide a solid basis to construct a generator for more complex reaction-diffusion models.
Oxidant‐mediated phosphatidylserine exposure and macrophage uptake of activated neutrophils: possible impairment in chronic granulomatous disease

The removal of neutrophils from inflammatory sites is essential for the resolution of inflammation. Surface changes, including phosphatidylserine exposure, label neutrophils for phagocytosis by macrophages. Here, we demonstrate that externalization of phosphatidylserine and uptake by monocyte‐derived macrophages occurred in human neutrophils ingesting Staphylococcus aureus. Both processes were dependent on oxidant production from the neutrophil NADPH oxidase. There was no requirement for myeloperoxidase, and H2O2 was identified as the most likely trigger for PS exposure. We hypothesize that clearance of stimulated neutrophils would be delayed in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) neutrophils, which lack a functional NADPH oxidase. To explore this possibility, heat‐killed S. aureus were injected into the peritoneum of CGD and normal mice. Elevated neutrophil numbers were observed in the inflammatory exudate of the CGD animals, consistent with impaired recognition and clearance.
Anomalous Temperature Regimes during the Cool Season: Long-Term Trends, Low-Frequency Mode Modulation, and Representation in CMIP5 Simulations

AbstractDuring boreal winter, anomalous temperature regimes (ATRs), including cold air outbreaks (CAOs) and warm waves (WWs), provide important societal influences upon the United States. The current study analyzes reanalysis and model data for the period from 1949 to 2011 to assess (i) long-term variability in ATRs, (ii) interannual modulation of ATRs by low-frequency modes, and (iii) the representation of ATR behavior in models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). No significant trends in either WWs or CAOs are identified for the continental United States. On interannual time scales, CAOs are modulated by the (i) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) over the U.S. Southeast and (ii) the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern over the Northwest. WW frequency is modulated by (i) the NAO over the eastern United States and (ii) the combined influence of the PNA, Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and ENSO over the southern United States. In contrast to previous studies of seasonal-mean.
Extended nullspace method for selecting measurement combinations as controlled variables for optimal steady-state operation

This paper deals with the selection of linear measurement combinations as controlled variables, c = Hy. The objective is to achieve self-optimizing control where fixing the controlled variables c indirectly gives near-optimal steady-state operation with a small loss. The nullspace method focuses on minimizing the loss caused by disturbances. The original nullspace method deals with the case where we have as many independent measurements y as inputs plus disturbances, and one may obtain zero disturbance loss, at least locally. In this paper, we provide an explicit expression for the combination matrix H which allows us to extend the nullspace method to cases with extra measurements, where the extra degrees of freedom are used to minimize the loss caused by measurement errors, and to cases with with too few measurements, where zero loss with respect to disturbances is impossible. Extended nullspace method for selecting measurement combinations as controlled variables for optimal steady-state operation Vidar Alstad 1 and Sigurd Skogestad ∗ Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Abstract This paper deals with the selection of linear measurement combinations as controlled variables, c = Hy. The objective is to achieve self-optimizing control where fixing the controlled variables c indirectly gives near-optimal steady-state operation with a small loss. The nullspace method focuses on minimizing the loss caused by disturbances. The original nullspace method deals with the case where we have as many independent measurements y as inputs plus disturbances, and one may obtain zero disturbance loss, at least locally. In this paper, we provide an explicit expression for the combination matrix H which allows us to extend the nullspace method to cases with extra measurements, where the extra degrees of freedom are used to minimize the loss caused by measurement errors, and to cases with with too few measurements, where zero loss with respect to disturbances is impossible.This paper deals with the selection of linear measurement combinations as controlled variables, c = Hy. The objective is to achieve self-optimizing control where fixing the controlled variables c indirectly gives near-optimal steady-state operation with a small loss. The nullspace method focuses on minimizing the loss caused by disturbances. The original nullspace method deals with the case where we have as many independent measurements y as inputs plus disturbances, and one may obtain zero disturbance loss, at least locally. In this paper, we provide an explicit expression for the combination matrix H which allows us to extend the nullspace method to cases with extra measurements, where the extra degrees of freedom are used to minimize the loss caused by measurement errors, and to cases with with too few measurements, where zero loss with respect to disturbances is impossible.
Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains

Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins associated with fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals, with worldwide economic and health impacts. While various management strategies have been proposed to reduce the mycotoxin risk, breeding towards FHB-resistance appears to be the most effective means to manage the disease, and reduce trichothecene contamination of cereal-based food products. This review provides a brief summary of the trichothecene synthesis in Fusarium species, their toxicity in plants and humans, followed by the current methods of screening and breeding for resistance to FHB and trichothecene accumulation.
External Beam Radiotherapy in Thyroid Carcinoma: Clinical Review and Recommendations of the AIRO “Radioterapia Metabolica” Group

The therapeutic approach to thyroid carcinoma usually involves surgery as initial treatment. The use of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is limited to high-risk patients and depends on clinical stage and histologic type. Different behavior patterns and degrees of aggressiveness of thyroid carcinomas require different management for differentiated, medullary, and anaplastic carcinoma. However, the role of EBRT is an issue of debate. Most clinical studies are retrospective and based on single-institution experiences. In this article, we review the main literature and give recommendations for the use of EBRT in thyroid carcinoma on behalf of the “Radioterapia Metabolica” Group of the Italian Radiation Oncology Association.
trans-(2-Benzoylpyridine-κ2 N,O)dichlorido[2-(2-pyridylcarbonyl)phenyl-κ2 C 1,N]iridium(III) dichloromethane solvate

The title compound, [Ir(C12H8NO)Cl2(C12H9NO)]·CH2Cl2, which was obtained from the reaction of iridium(III) chloride trihydrate and 2-benzoylpyridine, contains an IrIII atom coordinated by two N, one O, one C and two Cl atoms in trans positions, forming a distorted octahedral environment. The solvent molecule CH2Cl2 is disordered over two positions with an occupancy of 0.8:0.2.
An FPGA-based manipulation system for ReRAM characterization

ReRAM is a promising candidate for future nonvolatile high-density memory, while the electrical characterization progress may be hindered by the shortages of general semiconductor characterization instruments. This paper introduces a user-friendly FPGA-based characterization system, aiming to provide a power tool to facilitate electrical property assessments of multi-level ReRAM devices in either standalone or crossbar array. The detail design of the hardware and software is presented for the purpose of providing design references for the developments of similar systems. Experimental results show that the system can achieve maximum 1.5% readout error for resistance range of 100Ω∼1MΩ. Besides, the system also shows its capabilities in capturing the transient change of ReRAM devices and manipulating device resistance in crossbar array by adopting complex resistance tuning algorithm.
Patterns of Early Adherence to the Antidepressant Citalopram among Older Primary Care Patients: The Prospect Study

Objective: Our purpose was to determine the personal characteristics associated with different patterns of adherence to the antidepressant citalopram in a primary care trial of depression management. Method: The study sample consisted of 228 adults aged 60 years and older recruited from primary care settings and who participated in a depression intervention. The intervention consisted of services of trained care managers, who offered recommendations to physicians following a clinical algorithm and helped patients with treatment adherence. Adherence to the antidepressant citalopram was measured using pill counts. We employed the latent class model to classify patients according to the pattern of adherence to citalopram over time. We examined the association of sociodemographic characteristics, depression status, cognitive status, and medical comorbidity with the resulting classes of adherence. Results: The latent class model generated three classes of adherence: known to be adherent, unknown adherence, and known to be nonadherent. Participants who were white were more likely to be in the known to be adherent class than in the known to be nonadherent class (odds ratio (OR) = 10.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) [3.47, 31.12]). Married participants were less likely to be in the unknown adherence class than the known to be nonadherent class (OR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.09, 0.85]). No associations between age, gender, education level, depression status, cognitive status, or medical comorbidity and classes of adherence were found. Conclusions: We found stronger relationships between ethnicity and marital status with patterns of adherence to citalopram than we did other personal characteristics. Identification of a subgroup of patients at particularly high risk of nonadherence is important for the development of adherence interventions.
Hand Grip Strength And Peak Expiratory Flow Among Individuals With Diabetes: Findings From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Baseline Survey

The manifestation of muscle dysfunction associated with diabetes is commonly observed in skeletal muscles. The negative effect of hyperglycemia on muscle function is systemic and it may extend to abdominal muscles. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine whether hand grip strength (HGS), an indicator of peripheral muscle strength, correlates with peak expiratory flow (PEF), which reflects the strength of abdominal muscles, among middle-aged and older Chinese individuals with diabetes. After controlling for all variables except for physical activity, 10 L/min increase in PEF was associated with 0.2 kg increase in HGS (β = .02, p < .0001). In the model additionally controlling for physical activity, the effect size of PEF on HGS did not change (β = .02, p < .0001). Our results suggest that among individuals with diabetes, PEF is positively related to HGS. The relationship may suggest a decline in PEF and a weakness of abdominal muscles.
Lenses for Web Data

Putting data on the web typically involves implementing two transformations: one to convert the data into HTML, and another to parse modifications out of interactions with clients. Unfortunately, in current systems, these transformations are usually implemented using two separate functions—an approach that replicates functionality across multiple pieces of code, and makes programs difficult to write, reason about, and maintain. This paper presents a different approach: an abstraction based on formlets that makes it easy to bridge the gap between data stored on a server and values embedded in HTML forms. We introduce formlenses , which combine the advantages of formlets with those of lenses to provide compositional, bidirectional form-based views of Web data. We show that formlenses can be viewed as monoidal functors over lenses, analogously to formlets, which are applicative functors. Finally, we investigate the connection between linearity and bidirectional transformations and describe a translation from a linear pattern syntax into formlens combinators.
Contact allergic reactions of the vulva: a 14-year review.

BACKGROUND In women with vulval complaints, irritant contact dermatitis is more common than allergic contact dermatitis, but secondary sensitization has to be taken into consideration since these patients often use several topical medications. OBJECTIVE The aims of this retrospective study were to establish the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis in patients with vulval complaints and to verify how many patients with allergic contact dermatitis suffered from a previous pathology. METHODS We reviewed patch- and prick-test results from 92 women. The women had all been administered the European Standard series, and most had also been tested for other allergens such as the ingredients of topical pharmaceutical products and cosmetics. RESULTS Thirty-five patients (38%) presented with one or more positive allergic reactions. For 15 of the patients, these reactions were considered to be relevant to their clinical condition and were most often due to contact dermatitis from topical pharmaceutical products. Three patients presented with positive and relevant contact urticaria syndrome from latex, and two patients presented with protein contact dermatitis from human seminal plasma. CONCLUSION Patients with vulval dermatitis are at risk of developing contact sensitivities, particularly to topical pharmaceutical products; therefore, attention should be paid to this problem when such products are prescribed.
A Non-concept is Not a ¬Concept

: Often objects with removed parts or functionality also lose their identity. But, there are situations in which this is not the case: identity is preserved. We refer to such objects, by means of Non-concepts, non-implying partial negation and concept implying preserved identity. In this work Non-concepts are defined and pluggable ontologies are proposed for their representation. These ontologies are made pluggable by sockets, a novel kind of class. These are abstract place-holders for removed/added parts, functionalities or identities. The space of Non - concepts has been extensively explored. Pragmatic implications of Non-concepts include manageable design of products with a multitude of models. Non - concepts are also relevant to the formal controversy whether composition is/isn’t identity. The resolution is not sharp. Identity is entangled with composition, such that identity is preserved to a certain extent, until further removal causes identity break-down.
Excellent outcome of matched unrelated donor transplantation in paediatric aplastic anaemia following failure with immunosuppressive therapy: a United Kingdom multicentre retrospective experience

We retrospectively analysed the outcome of consecutive children with idiopathic severe aplastic anaemia in the United Kingdom who received immunosuppressive therapy (IST) or matched unrelated donor (MUD) haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The 6‐month cumulative response rate following rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG)/ciclosporin (IST) was 32·5% (95% CI 19·3–46·6) (n = 43). The 5‐year estimated failure‐free survival (FFS) following IST was 13·3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4·0–27·8). In contrast, in 44 successive children who received a 10‐antigen (HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, ‐DQB1) MUD HSCT there was an excellent estimated 5‐year FFS of 95·01% (95% CI 81·38–98·74). Forty of these children had failed IST previously. HSCT conditioning was a fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and alemtuzumab (FCC) regimen and did not include radiotherapy. There were no cases of graft failure. Median donor chimerism was 100% (range 88–100%). A conditioning regimen, such as FCC that avoids total body irradiation is ideally suited in children. Our data suggest that MUD HSCT following IST failure offers an excellent outcome and furthermore, if a suitable MUD can be found quickly, MUD HSCT may be a reasonable alternative to IST.
The utility of Y-STR profiling in four-, six- and eight-day postcoital vaginal swabs

Y-STR profiles using the Promega PowerPlex® Y system were attempted on multiple vaginal swabs collected at four, six and eight days after intercourse from female partners of 11 couples. At four days postcoitus, full composite profiles (where swabs yielded confirmed alleles at all 11 loci) were obtained for five of the 11 couples and 78% of all possible alleles summed for all couples were confirmed (able to be duplicated in different swabs). Results for composite profiles for all couples taken at six days after intercourse showed that 53% of all alleles summed for all couples were confirmed. Only one couple yielded a full composite profile at six days after intercourse. Composite profiles from swabs taken at eight days after intercourse for all couples confirmed only 44% of all possible alleles summed for all couples. At eight days postcoitus, no couple yielded a full composite profile and the largest number of confirmed alleles for any couple was eight. However, one of 44 individual swabs taken from all couples combined at eight days postcoitus yielded a 10-locus profile. Composite partial profiles from the eight-day postcoital set with confirmed results at a minimum of five loci (8 of 11 couples) yielded haplotype frequencies from 0.000323 to 0.125862 using the Y chromosome haplotype reference database, suggesting that meaningful Y-STR information can still be obtained at much extended postcoital intervals.
Physiologic and anatomic assessment of a canine carotid artery stenosis model utilizing phase contrast with vastly undersampled isotropic projection imaging.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Noninvasive assessment of the hemodynamic significance of carotid stenosis is often performed with MR angiography and supplemented with carotid Doppler sonography. Phase contrast with vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction (PC-VIPR), a novel MR imaging technique, accelerates phase-contrast MR flow imaging and provides both images of the vessels and measurements of blood-flow velocities. For this study, we determined the accuracy of PC-VIPR blood-flow velocity measurements to determine pressure gradients across an experimental carotid stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A focal stenosis was surgically created in each common carotid artery of 6 canines. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed, and the degree of stenosis was determined using the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial methodology. A microcatheter was positioned in the carotid artery proximal and distal to the stenosis, and pressures were measured in the vessel through the catheter. PC-VIPR was then performed on a 1.5T MR imaging scanner with parameters producing 0.8-mm isotropic voxel resolution. From the velocity measurements, pressure gradients were calculated from the Navier-Stokes relationship to compare with the pressures measured by a catheter. RESULTS Carotid stenoses in the 50%-85% range were produced in the 12 arteries. Pressure gradients across the stenoses ranged from 6 to 26 mm Hg. The pressure gradient calculated from the PC-VIPR data correlated (r = 0.91, P < .0001) with the actual pressure measurements. CONCLUSION With PC-VIPR, a novel MR imaging technique, the hemodynamic effect of a stenosis on flow and pressure can be evaluated.
Theory of Design using Nonlinear Transformations

This paper is presenting an overview of the theory of transformations from nonlinear systems to linear systems. Topics covered include (1) necessary and sufficient conditions for transformations to exist, (2) a method of constructing transformations, (3) robustness in design (based on transformation theory) and Lyapunov functions, (4) estimation theory, and (5) the relationship between transformation theory and "nonlinear zeroes. " Application of these results to automatic flight control is presented in another paper at this session.
THE EUMETSAT MULTI-SENSOR PRECIPITATION ESTIMATE ( MPE )

The combination of measurements from different satellite instruments for the estimation of precipitation is a promising way to overcome the shortcomings of measurements from a single data source. EUMETSAT realised the Multi-sensor Precipitation Estimate (MPE) in order to combine the advantages of the high temporal and comparably high spatial resolution of a geostationary IR sensor with the higher accuracy in rain rate retrieval of microwave sensors on polar orbiting satellites. IR-images from METEOSAT 7 on a geostationary orbit at 0° longitude are co-located with passive microwave data from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). The retrieval of rain rates from microwave data is based on established algorithms. A statistical matching in temporal and geographical windows is performed in order to correlate the IR brightness temperatures to the retrieved rain rates. The size of the time and space windows is selected to fit the scale of typical synoptic weather systems. The assumption is used that cold clouds are more likely to produce precipitation than warmer clouds, in the same synoptic system. In this way the method reproduces the average rain rates according to the microwave measurements within the time and space window as well as the most likely spatial and temporal distribution of the precipitation in the full resolution of METEOSAT. The MPE algorithm prototype is integrated in EUMETSAT’s Meteorological Product Extraction Facility (MPEF) and will be validated by reprocessing METEOSAT data from the year 2000.
Application of transformations to normalize the distribution of plaque-forming cells.

In the past, it has been tacitly assumed that the distribution of the plaque-forming cell response in mice is approximately normal; that is, it would provide the usual bell-shaped normal distribution curve if enough replicate samples were collected. We address this point directly, by using the plaque-forming cell response generated in a total of five in situ, in vivo, and in vitro experimental systems. The Gaussian distribution assumption was tested on the untransformed data and on the same observations transformed by logarithms or square roots. We conclude that the log transformation provides a close approximation to normality for all the systems studied.