Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast Category-Hidden Adversarial Attack Against Semantic Image Segmentation

Insemanticsegmentation,category-hiddenattackisamaliciousadversarialattackwhichmanipulatesaspecificcategorywithout affectingtherecognitionofotherobjects.Apopularmethodisthenearest-neighboralgorithm,whichmodifiesthesegmentation map by replacing a target category with other categories close to it. Nearest-neighbor method aims to restrict the strength of perturbation noise that is imperceptive to both human eyes and segmentation algorithms. However, its spatial search adds lots of computational burden. In this paper, we propose two fast methods, dot-based method and line-based method, which are able to quickly complete the category transfers in logits maps without spatial search. The advantages of our two methods result from generating the logits maps by modifying the probability distribution of the category channels. Both of our methods are global, and thelocationandsize ofobjects to hide arenotcared,so theirprocessing speed isvery fast.Thedot-based algorithm takesthe pixel as the unit of calculation, and the line-based algorithm combines the category distribution characteristics of the horizontal direction to calculate. Experiments verify the effectiveness and efficiency compared with nearest-neighbor method. Specifically, in the segmentation map modification step, our methods are 5 times and 65 times faster than nearest-neighbor, respectively. In the small perturbation attack experiment, dot-based method gets the fastest speed, while different datasets and different setting experiments indicate that the line-based method is able to achieve faster and better adversarial segmentation results in most cases. ©
Clinical significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of lumbar spine in lower backache: An observational study

Objective: To assess the clinical significance and effectiveness of lumbar Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic lower backache and radiculopathies related to it. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted through a non-probability convenient sampling technique. This included 90 patients of both genders, between 20 to 75 years of age with a history of low back pain, numbness, and unilateral or bilateral lower limb radiculopathy, whereas excluded patients with a history of trauma, infection, tumor, metastasis, and vascular malformation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Lumbar (L) spine was performed by Hitachi Airis Elite 3 tesla MRI scanner. The scans obtained at L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 levels. A Performa was used to collect data, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for statistical analysis. Ethical approval and informed consent were maintained. Result: Out of a total of 90 patients, the mean age of the patients observed was 44.64 ± 15.67 years. 36.7% complained of bilateral lower limb radiculopathies, 48 (53.5%) patients had numbness, and 72 (80%) patients showed signs of disc desiccation and osteophytes formation, whereas 18 (20%) patients showed multi-level disc osteophyte complexes. 82 (91.1%) patients had diffuse disc bulge at L5-S1 spinal level. Neural foramina compromised in 90 (100%) patients at the L4-L5 level due to which there was a nerve root compression in 89 (98.9%) patients at this level. They mostly spared the L2-L3 level. About 89 (98.9%) patients had no facet joint hypertrophy at the L2-L3 level, and 100% of people did not show any significant ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at this level. Conclusion: Our study illustrated that the frequency of low back pain is much higher in both genders. Disc desiccation was frequent in patients with lower back pain. The most common targeted sites were L4-L5 and L5-S1 due to the nerve root, foraminal canal compressions, and spinal canal stenosis.
Preparation and Electric Properties of BaSnO_3 Ceramics

Using BaCO3 and SnO2 as starting materials,a little of SiO2,Bi2O3 and Sb2O3 as additives and Ta2O5 as donor,semiconducting BaSnO3 ceramics with 97%~99% of theoretic density and 8 μm of average grain size were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method.The effect of grain boundaries was enhanced effectively by using Na2CO3 or Li2CO3 doping with Mn(NO3)2 as acceptors.When x(Mn(NO3)2) is 1%,the BaSnO3 ceramics have the resistivity 3.3×106 ? cm and the grain resistivity 4.3 ? cm,apparent dielectric constant is 1.9×104(1kHz),and the grain boundary barriers estimated by determinting the conduction activation energies is about 0.5 eV.
PRELIMINARY STUDY REGARDING THE FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL EVALUATION OF SOME BIOCOMPATIBLE, OIL IN WATER MICROEMULSIONS WITH SALICYLIC ACID FOR DERMATOLOGIC USE

Microemulsions (MEs) are considered a piece of new generation colloidal systems with high potential for drug delivery, especially for topical application. The present study had as main objectives the development and physical analysis of two groups of oil in water (O/W) microemulsion (ME) vehicles using a biocompatible mixture composed of lecithin/Tween 80 as surfactants and propylene glycol (PG) as cosurfactant. The addition of vegetable oils and hyaluronic acid (HA) enriched the quality profile of the systems. The vehicles were suitable to entrap salicylic acid (SA) 0.5% as a model drug with keratoplastic properties, and positive outcomes in acne treatment. The study was divided in two stages of screening, resulting two groups of MEs. In the first case, lecithin was tested as potential surfactant on a domain of 0.5 2%. A minimum amount of lecithin 0.5%, in association with Tween 80 and PG was considered appropriate to obtain the second group of O/W MEs. In this case, were screened combinations of lecithin/Tween 80/PG able to solubilize SA 0.5% and small quantities of vegetable oils. All the microdispersions obtained in both stages were analysed considering visual appearance, conductivity, pH and refractive index as important parameters for systems’ stability. The area of MEs generation for the second group, was specifically identified using graphical method. An extensive rheological analysis was considered to determine the flow behaviour for the most representative systems. It was concluded that minimal concentration of tensioactives that can promote stable and clear systems with SA was 30.5%. This proportion was specific for a ME system formulated with 20% Tween 80, 10%PG and 0.5% lecithin. Physical analysis performance emphasized preliminary data concerning the internal structure of microemulsions, offering a useful background for future studies.
Comparative Determination of Anthocyanins, Low Molecular Weight Phenols, and Flavanol Fractions in Vitis vinifera L. cv Carménère Skins and Seeds by Differential Solvent Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

ABSTRACT Although numerous methods have been used to extract polyphenols from vegetal sources, these procedures have been rarely compared directly. Herein, four maceration and extraction methods for phenolics from Carménère (Vitis vinifera L.) skins and seeds are evaluated. Polyphenols were extracted with mixtures of 4:1 (v/v) methanol:water, 4:1 (v/v) acetone:water, 4:1 (v/v) methanol:water, 4:1 (v/v) acetone:water, and 1:9 (v/v) ethanol:water. The extracts were characterized by spectrophotometry for tannins, anthocyanins, total phenols, and color; proanthocyanidin fractionation for monomers, oligomers, and polymers; and high-performance liquid chromatography for anthocyanins and low molecular weight phenols. Seed and skin extracts in methanol/water provided higher polyphenol concentrations compared to the use of acetone/water. Seeds and skins macerated in ethanol/water showed lower concentrations in most polyphenols while seeds and skins that were consecutively macerated in methanol/water and acetone/water showed the highest concentrations of most compounds. In conclusion, solvent polarity, extraction time, and vegetal matrix affected the polyphenol composition of grape seed and skin extracts.
Assessment of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection in Paediatric University Hospital

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by M. pneumoniae affect 3%-10% of children. It is not possible to spot M. pneumoniae infection depending entirely on clinical signs and symptoms. Correct identification of M. pneumoniae infections is crucial to initiate proper antibiotic therapy. The role of culture is questionable as this organism is fastidious. Diagnostic accuracy of serology depends on the specimen collection time. IgM can usually be tracked within one week after the onset of clinical illness, followed by IgG two weeks later. Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (NAATs) are proved to be the “new gold standard”. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) amplifies DNA of mycoplasma in less than an hour under isothermal conditions with the use of six primers in a single tube. The amplified products can be visualized by naked eye as turbidity or fluorescence. Aim: To assess the diagnostic value of LAMP assay compared to serum Mycoplasma IgM for rapid detection of M. pneumoniae. Materials and methods: A 6-months study was conducted on hospitalized children diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted to Cairo University specialized pediatric hospital (CUSPH). M. pneumoniae IgM was done on serum samples by RD-Ratio Diagnostics ELISA kit, Germany. LAMP assay was done on nasopharyngeal swabs using Loopampᵀᴹ RNA/DNA, Eiken Chemical, Japan. Kappa measure of agreement was calculated to assess the concordance between LAMP and Mycoplasma IgM. Results: 90 hospitalized children with CAP were included in the study. Serum IgM was positive in 27(30%) of cases. LAMP assay was positive in 33 cases (36.7%). The sensitivity of LAMP was 85.2%, the specificity was 84.1%, PPV was 69.7%, NPV 93.0% with AUC=0.847. The agreement between serology and LAMP was good K=0.652 with 95% CI (0.487-0.816). Conclusion: LAMP technique is a rapid, sensitive and specific method for diagnosis of M. pneumoniae. Combination of LAMP assay and serology may be optimal for the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection.
Distribution and genetic diversity of Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) on maize in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Nelly N, Hamid H, Lina EC, Yunisman. 2021. Distribution and genetic diversity of Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) on maize in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2504-2511. Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda is a major maize pest, reportedly entering West Sumatra, Indonesia in early 2019. After a year of its discovery, there has been no information on the distribution and genetic diversity of this pest. In the present study, research has been carried out to obtain reliable information on the spread, incidence, and genetic diversity of this pest during July-October 2020 at the maize production center of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Sampling was then carried out using the purposive random sampling method, on maize fields in 5 districts (West Pasaman, Padang Pariaman, Solok, Limapuluh Kota and, Tanah Datar). The sample plots were determined with a size of 1x1m to observe the population and incidence, meanwhile, the observations were recorded on the larvae number and the percentage damage. Each district location's genetic diversity was analyzed based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene nucleotide variations amplified with specific primers. The observations show that S. frugiperda had attacked all maize planting sites in West Sumatra with the attacks ranging percentage from 12.78 to 41.25% and an average larval population of 0.26-1.05 larvae / 2 plants. The genetic diversity analysis results of the S. frugiperda West Sumatra population, on the phylogenetic tree, were divided into two groups, the first is group A which consisted of West Pasaman isolates, and Solok isolates. The second, Group B consisted of Padang Pariaman, Limapuluh Kota, and Tanah Datar isolates (The percentage genetic similirity 99.86-100%). The S. frugiperda population genetics in West Sumatra are similar to those isolates from several other countries in the world.
Dexmedetomidine alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain by inhibiting microglial activation via regulation of miR618/P2Y12 pathway

Purpose: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathy pain (DNP) in rats and elucidate its mechanism of action.Methods: The DNP rat model was established by injecting STZ (70 mg/kg) following dexmedetomidine treatment. Next BV-2 cells were stimulated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 ng/mL) and then administered 20 μM dexmedetomidine. Blood glucose levels, body weight, and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were measured once a week in DNP rats. Transfection was performed, and luciferasereporter assay was used to verify microRNA (miR)-337 binding to Rap1A mRNA. Reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the levels of miR-618 and P2Y12 while the protein levels of P2Y12 and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1) were determined by western blot analysis.Results: Dexmedetomidine treatment significantly increased PWT (p < 0.01) in DNP rats and decreased miR-618 expression (p < 0.01) but increased P2Y12 expression (p < 0.01) in the spinal cord of DNP rats. Luciferase reporter assay data showed that the presumed binding site of miR-618 is located in the 3′-untranslated regions of P2Y12. MiR-618 overexpression significantly reduced P2Y12levels (p < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine upregulated P2Y12 expression (p < 0.01) but decreased IBA-1 expression (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine application attenuates DNP by inhibiting microglial activation via the regulation of miR-618/P2Y12 pathway. This finding provides a potential therapeutic strategy for DNP management. Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, Diabetic neuropathy pain, Paw withdrawal threshold, Calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, MiR-618, P2Y12
Identifying factors determining the survival time of under-five year children in rural parts of Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, the remarkable progress in child survival was made. However, Ethiopia is ranked as fifth burden countries of under-five deaths, particularly in rural areas. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify determinants that causes under-five death in the rural parts of Ethiopia. Only 7301 women from rural residence who had under-five children were involved in this study. Descriptive, None-parametric and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were used to examine the determinants associated with the under-five mortality. This study revealed that 6.5% of children were died before reaching their fifth birthday in the rural parts of Ethiopia. Sex, place of delivery, family size, Mother education, number of under-five children, contraceptive use and source of drinking water had significant effect on the survival time of under-five children. Conclusion: A significant risk factors associated with under-five mortality in rural areas were identified in this study. Children delivered at home, children from uneducated mothers, children from not using contraceptive method mothers, drink water from not piped source had higher risk of death. Giving awareness about benefits of delivering in health facility and uses of contraceptive method, improving mother education and infrastructure like sources of water, decreases mortality of under-five children.
Affective Modulation of Working Memory Maintenance: The Role of Positive and Negative Emotions

The present study investigated the impact of task-irrelevant emotional images on the retention of information in spatial working memory (WM). Two experiments employed a delayed matching to-sample task where participants had to maintain the locations of four briefly presented squares. After a short retention interval, a probe item appeared and participants were required to indicate whether the probe position matched one of the previously occupied square positions. During the retention interval, task-irrelevant negative, positive, or neutral emotional pictures were presented. The results revealed a dissociation between negative and positive affect on the participants’ ability to hold spatial locations in WM. While negative affective pictures reduced WM capacity, positive pictures increased WM capacity relative to the neutral images. Moreover, the specific valence and arousal of a given emotional picture was also related to WM performance: While higher valence enhanced WM capacity, higher levels of arousal in turn reduced WM capacity. Together, our findings suggest that emotions up- or down-regulate attention to items in WM and thus modulate the short term storage of visual information in memory.
Comparisons of Community Detection Algorithms in the YouTube Network

This paper presents a comparison of various objective functions for community detection on the YouTube network and explores the characteristics of communities they can identify. We use both Clauset-Newman-Moore and Louvain clustering algorithms, as well as train a classiﬁer for node embeddings to then feed to vector based clustering algorithms K-Means and DBSCAN. We then apply qualitative evaluation and 16 quantitative quality metrics, including coverage, modularity, and runtime to evaluate the clus-terings from each algorithm. We found that in almost all cases the Louvain and CNM algorithm outperform the other algorithms for creating good clusters on the YouTube Network. We also analyzed the advantages and shortcomings of these algorithms using our metrics and qualitative analysis.
Transformation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to Maleic Anhydride by Aerobic Oxidation with Heteropolyacid Catalysts

Developing novel technologies to utilize renewable biomass as the source of energy and carbon to partially replace the fossil resources has been well recognized by the global governments and both industrial and academic communities. This work explored a catalytic transformation of biomass-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to maleic anhydride and maleic acid through aerobic oxidation with vanadium-substituted heteropolyacid. Under the optimized conditions, total yields of 64% for maleic anhydride and maleic acid could be achieved. Mechanistic studies with control experiments excluded 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid, 2, 5-diformylfuran, 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid as the intermediates in the pathway of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation to maleic anhydride. Alternatively, a new mechanism initialized by the C–C bond cleavage between the hydroxymethyl group and furan sketch of HMF by heteropolyacid has been proposed for MA formation, in which several intermediates have b.
The Effectiveness of Implementing a Collaborative Mental Health Approach on Quality of Life for Individuals of Low Socioeconomic Status

The ultimate purpose of this study is to provide insight and education to mental health clinicians, politicians and the general public of the numerous effects poverty has on mental health, in addition to the most beneficial ways to combat those insidious effects. The specific barriers met by individuals of low socioeconomic status severely affect psychological and physical health, as well as social and environmental relationships, which therefore diminish overall quality of life. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of implementing a collaborative mental health approach for low income individuals on length of engagement in services and levels of depression, anxiety, and overall quality of life. There was a total of 447 participants, which consisted of 57.49% females (n = 257) and 42.51% males (n = 190). Participants were placed into one of three Treatment Groups based on their current level of care. Treatment Group 1 consisted of those who only had a case worker, case manager or social worker. Treatment Group 2 consisted of those who had a case worker, case manager or social worker and a psychiatrist or psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. Treatment Group 3 consisted of those who had a case worker, case manager or social worker, a psychiatrist or psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, and a therapist, counselor or psychotherapist. Results suggest that daily living (DLA-20) scores of overall functional ability tend to be higher, on average, within Treatment Group 3 than the other two treatment groups. Interestingly, depression was higher in Treatment Group 3 than the other two treatment groups, on average, but they also saw the fastest decline in scores of depression. The combination of therapy, psychiatry and case management services has demonstrated an overall improvement in daily living abilities with enhanced treatment duration. A combination of services might be necessary to address the unique needs of clients of low SES in an attempt to lessen or preclude the barriers that may prevent optimal quality of life.
Cultural Capital and China’s Economic Growth

Cultural capital is a special capital, which may have an important impact on economic growth. We use China’s provincial panel data from 2009 to 2018 to verify the impact of cultural capital on China’s economic growth. And we use the method of dominance analysis to explore the relative contributions of physical capital, human capital, and cultural capital to economic growth. The main conclusions of this article are followed: cultural capital has a significant positive impact on China’s economic growth, and the relative importance of cultural capital is higher than human capital.
Web based data visualization solutions in quality assurance

—The growing amount of relevant data in projects demands heavy use of web-based technologies for knowledge discovery and global sharing of information which can be achieved by developing interactive web-based tools in order to process, analyze and visualize scientiﬁc data on the web. Modern web-based technologies such as HTML5, CSS3 and powerful JavaScript Libraries offer the prospect of interactive visualization in current browsers. Highly interactive web applications are an important means to research communities as well as companies in order to would like to visualize their work in an accessible manner. In this paper we present an up-to-date study-analysis and compare some of the promising features as well as performance of some freely available JavaScript Libraries that helps interactive visualization of Graphs on the web and compare it to Matplotlib as a baseline for non-interactive visualization.