Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A simple spreadsheet‐based method for relative quantification using quantitative real‐time PCR

Relative quantification is a popular analysis in gene expression studies using quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). However, the calculation steps using the major algorithms for this analysis are rather complicated. In this study, we developed an easy‐to‐use spreadsheet‐based method for relative quantification. The inputs from end‐users are the efficiencies of both target and reference genes and the Cq values of those genes from cases and controls. This method performed normalization (with one or more reference genes), calculation of fold change of gene expression, and statistical analysis to analyze the difference between the groups in a step‐by‐step manner, which would allow the end‐users to understand how the analysis arrived at the conclusion. Four previously published data sets with different experimental designs were used as examples. The calculated results were concordant with the results computed by the Relative Expression Software Tool (REST) 2009, a popular tool for relative quantification. Altogether, our method, which offers easy‐to‐understand calculation steps and does not require specialized instruments, software, or expertise to operate, would be a useful tool for students, educators, and scientists in the field of molecular biology.
A DC micro‐grid for superhigh‐quality electric power distribution

The “DC Micro‐grid” is a novel power system using DC distribution in order to provide superhigh‐quality electric power. The DC distribution system is suitable for DC output distributed generation techniques such as photovoltaic and fuel cells, and energy storage forms such as batteries and electric double‐layer capacitors. The power is distributed through a DC distribution line and converted to the required AC or DC voltage by converters placed near loads. The load‐side converters do not need transformers due to the choice of the proper distributed DC voltage. The spread converter scheme helps to assure high‐quality power supply. Even if a short circuit occurs on one load side, it does not affect other loads. In this paper, we propose a DC micro‐grid configuration and converter control methods for generation and energy storage. Computer simulation results demonstrate seamless operation during turn‐on and turn‐off of distributed generation, transients at the times of connecting and disconnecting operation with the bulk power system, and stability against sudden large load variations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(1): 34–42, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20641
Wind‐induced inter‐story drift analysis and equivalent static wind load for multiple targets of tall buildings

In super high‐rise buildings with varying story heights, the wind‐induced inter‐story drifts might violate the specified limit. However, these effects have seldom been concerned in wind‐induced response analysis. The theory and application of equivalent static wind load (ESWL) for wind‐induced inter‐story drifts of super high‐rise buildings were studied in this paper. A spectral decomposition method suitable for multi‐point excitation problems was firstly proposed. The formula of ESWL targeting for largest inter‐story drift was derived. For more reasonable structural design, the ESWL for multiple targets including displacement atop of building and inter‐story drifts at all story levels is put forward, in which the dominant modal inertial forces are adopted as the based load vectors. The presented methods were finally verified by its application for the wind‐induced response analysis for a tallest super tall building in Guangzhou. The researched results showed that the proposed spectral decomposition method not only has the same precision as the complete quadratic combination method but also possesses higher computation efficiency. The ESWL for multiple targets produces the same static responses for all the specified wind‐induced response, so it is much more rational for wind‐resistant structural design. Meanwhile, it is more reasonable to select the wind‐induced responses in the same direction simultaneously as the targeted values for obtaining the required ESWLs; however, the ESWL targeting for the wind‐induced responses in all degrees of freedom would generate more queer and unrealistic ESWLs distribution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voluntary versus Forced Task Switching

Research on task switching has focused on the relatively well known task switching cost, an increase in RT on a trial directly following a switch. Two main issues with previous studies raise concerns about their external validity (1) they typically use short and arbitrary tasks in comparison to real work situations and (2) the vast majority force participants to switch rather than allowing them to do so voluntarily. The current experiment utilized two longer lasting tasks (document proofreading and a Sudoku puzzle) to more closely resemble real world situations and four task switching groups. One group switched voluntarily, one was forced without warning, one was forced with a cue that a switch would be coming, and one served as a no switch control group. Performance, reaction time, and mental workload (NASA-TLX) were measured. Task switch groups did not differ on these dependent variables, and no task switching cost was observed. The failure to find a task switching cost lends support to the proposition that previous lab studies may not adequately resemble real world scenarios, and that micromanaging small tasks may not be comparable to switching between comparatively longer lasting tasks.
Auditing the Reliability Capability of Electronics Manufacturers

The globalisation of supply chains has made electronics manufacturers dependent upon worldwide suppliers who provide them with parts or subassemblies. Currently, many manufacturers have to wait until they get the products to assess if they are reliable. This can be an expensive iterative process. As an alternative, it is necessary to define what key processes should comprise the product and process development efforts of suppliers to assure customers that they can supply reliable products. Identification of these key processes can help manufacturers to assess their potential suppliers and/or suppliers to assess themselves. This paper presents a set of key processes and practices that can be used as benchmarks to assess whether an organization has the ability to design, develop and manufacture reliable electronic products. It defines this ability as the reliability capability of an organization.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Dynamic programming approach (DPA) for assessment of water quality network: a case study of the Sefīd-Rūd River

Due to financial constraints, water quality monitoring network design is an efficient way to manage water quality. The most crucial part is to find appropriate locations for monitoring stations. Considering the objectives of water usage, we evaluate existing water quality sampling stations of the Sefi d-Rud River, located in the north of Iran, which has been used for irrigation and drinking water. There are several methods for assessment of existing monitoring stations such as Sanders method, multiple criteria decision making and dynamic programming approach (DPA) which DPA was opted in this study. The results showed that out of 21 existing monitoring stations, eight and seven stations should be retained on the upstream and downstream of the basins, respect- ively. Although the area of the downstream basin is larger than the upstream basin, the number of stations which was retained was less than upstream. This may mean that water quality of the downstream is more favorable than the upstream. Meanwhile the technique may be also suitable for optimization of the water quality network.
A comparative study of acoustic and vibration signals in detection of gear failures using Wigner-Ville distribution.

Abstract Vibration analysis is widely used in machinery diagnostics and the Wigner–Ville distribution has also been implemented in many applications in the condition monitoring of machinery. In contrast to previous applications, this paper examines whether acoustic signal can be used effectively to detect the various local faults in gearboxes using the smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Ville distribution. Three types of progressing local faults, broken tooth, gear crack and localised wear, were simulated. The results from acoustic signals were compared with vibration signals. The results suggest that acoustic signals are very affective for the early detection of faults and may provide a powerful tool to indicate the various types of progressing faults in gearboxes.
Application of ANFIS Model for Thailand's Electric Vehicle Consumption

Generally, road transport is a major energy-consuming sector. Fuel consumption of each vehicle is an important factor that affects the overall energy consumption, driving behavior and vehicle characteristic are the main factors affecting the change of vehicle fuel consumption. It is difficult to analyze the influence of fuel consumption with multiple and complex factors. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) approach was employed to develop a vehicle fuel consumption model based on multivariate input. The ANFIS network was constructed by various experiments based on the ANFIS Parameter setting. The performance of the ANFIS network was validated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Average Error (MAE) which related to the setting of ANFIS parameters. The experimental results indicated that the training data sample, number, and type of membership functions are the most important factor affecting the performance of the ANFIS network. However, the number of epochs does not necessarily significantly improve the system performance, too many the number of epochs setting may not provide the best results and lead to excessive responding time. The results also demonstrate that three factors, consisted of the engine size, driving speed, and the number of passengers, are important factors that influence the change of vehicle fuel consumption. The selected ANFIS models with minimum error can be properly and efficiently used to predict vehicle fuel consumption for Thailand’s road transport sector.
Creation of a Secure Chat System

Secure chat system is essential for effective and efficient communication in succeeding organizations. Current ‘free’ chat systems make breach risk of confidentiality probable, and organizations lose possession of logged chat messages. Their designs are also not readily available for examination and subsequent improvement. There is therefore the need for the design and creation of a private chat system which this research addressed. Design and creation research strategy was adopted and data collection was through existing documents and structured interviews. Incremental software development method was adopted. The outcome provides secure private chat system that minimizes the breach risk of confidentiality through encryption and localization, and grants user organization possession of logged chat messages.
Application of Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis Based on Deep Learning

With the continuous progress of modern industry, rotating machinery is gradually developing toward complexity and intelligence. The fault diagnosis technology of rotating machinery is one of the key means to ensure the normal operation of equipment and safe production, which has very important significance. Deep learning is a useful tool for analyzing and processing big data, which has been widely used in various fields. After a brief review of early fault diagnosis methods, this paper focuses on the method models that are widely used in deep learning: deep belief networks (DBN), autoencoders (AE), convolutional neural networks (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), generative adversarial networks (GAN), and transfer learning methods are summarized from the two aspects of principle and application in the field of fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Then, the commonly used evaluation indicators used to evaluate the performance of rotating machinery fault diagnosis methods are summarized. Finally, according to the current research status in the field of rotating machinery fault diagnosis, the current problems and possible future development and research trends are discussed.
BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY IN TENNIS SERVICE

The purpose of this study was to calculate the external force, moment and power on the upper extremity of an elite player during the first service. The upper extremity of the subject was separated into three segments. The body segment parameter of the subject was calculated by using the mathematical model of truncated elliptical cone. The dynamical variables in the upper segment joints were determined via the 2D inverse dynamical solution. The present analysis shows the effectiveness of the truncated cone mathematical model as a high precision method for the calculation of body segment parameters. The wrist joint had been determined to sustain the greatest joint power during the contact phase. Regular training on the wrist extensors and elbow flexors is recommended for reducing the possibility of injury due to stress exerted on the flexor through eccentric contraction during the acceleration phase.
Probabilistic Fatigue Life Estimation of Steel Bridges by Using a Bilinear S-N Approach

This paper focuses on estimating the fatigue life below the constant amplitude fatigue threshold (CAFT) of steel bridges by using a probabilistic approach on the basis of a bilinear stress life (i.e., the S-N approach). The current AASHTO S-N approach uses a single S-N line for predicting the fatigue life. However, because of the variation of actual applied live-load stress cycles, this approach very often results in a severe underestimation of the useful life of structures. It implies that fatigue damage in respective structural steel details may be overestimated. To improve fatigue life estimation, a bilinear S-N approach is integrated into a probabilistic framework that can model the uncertainties associated with the fatigue deterioration process. In this approach, the equivalent stress range is computed by using two S-N slopes and several probability density functions associated with stress ranges. These probabilistic functions are determined on the basis of stress-range bin histograms from long-term .
COVID on the Brain: Anxiety Sensitivity and Mindful Awareness Mediate the Relationship between COVID-19 Obsession and Anxiety

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has produced a global mental health crisis and many individuals have obsessive thoughts and worry about COVID-19 which may, both directly and indirectly, relate to more general anxiety. This study explored anxiety sensitivity and mindful awareness as mediators in the relationship between COVID-19 obsession and general anxiety. College student participants (N = 172) completed the Obsession with COVID-19 scale, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the awareness subscale of the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Process was used to test a mediational model. We found both anxiety sensitivity and mindful awareness to be significant mediators such that COVID-19 obsession predicted increased anxiety sensitivity which predicted decreased mindful awareness which, in turn, predicted increased general anxiety. These results demonstrate that anxiety about COVID-19 increases awareness and worry surrounding one’s physical and mental state which lead to a decrease in mindful awareness. Our findings identify mechanisms by which worry about COVID-19 may be leading to increased general anxiety and can be used to inform mindfulness interventions to help prevent these negative effects.
Progress and Research Status of CO2 Laser Machining Polymer Microfluidic Chips

CO2 laser rapidly patterning microfluidic chips on polymer substrate with direct writing ablation had attracted many experts from domestic and foreign in resent years. This method had features of flexible, rapid, easily controllable and high efficient, and was regarded as the most potentialized fabrication method to improve the development of microfluidic systems. This paper systematically reviewed polymer substrate materials, the mechanism of laser and material, fabrication models and factors influenced the fabrication process, as well as the influence on microfluidic chips fabrication quality by laser process parameters. Moreover, the existent problems and possible resolutions based on the mechanisms of interactions between laser and materials was analyzed.
Autonomous robots using artificial potential fields

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Compact 3-D Metal Printed Filtering Antenna

This letter presents the latest development of a compact three-dimensional (3-D) metal printed filtering antenna, which integrates a Yagi–Uda-like antenna and selective filter into a 3-D printable metal structure. The designed filtering antenna exhibits high selectivity, gain, and efficiency with very compact profiles. Direct metal 3-D printing techniques are used to fabricate a C-band filter and a filtering antenna for experimental validation. The measured results showed good agreement with simulated ones.
Active UWB antenna with tunable band-notched behaviour

An ultra-wideband (UWB) planar monopole antenna with a tunable band-notched response is proposed. Tuning of the rejected frequency is realised by loading an embedded resonant slot with a varactor. Simulations and measurements are presented for the proposed antenna, both in frequency and time domain.
Niosomes: A Promising Novel Nano Carrier for Drug Delivery

Niosomes are vesicles, which are formulated by hydrating the mixture of cholesterol, non-ionic surfactant and other biodegradable lipids. Niosomes increase the drug activity as compare to their conventional dosage form of a drug. Niosomes can be used as carrier of amphiphilic and lipophilic drugs. Niosomes may overcome the issues related to instability, fast degradation, low bioavailability, and insolubility of medications. The structure of niosomes either multilamellar or unilamellar, is depends on the method of formulation. Niosomes contain very efficient drug delivery potential for site-specific delivery of anti-cancer, anti-infective agents, etc. Niosomes are stable as well as cost effective carriers as compared with other drug formulations. Niosomes also have various applications in parental drug delivery system, topical drug delivery system, oral drug delivery system and novel drug delivery system such as targeted drug delivery system and controlled drug release system.
Low-angle tracking using a multifrequency sampled aperture radar

The improvements that can be achieved in low-angle radar by using a sampled aperture radar (SAMPAR) and a maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm are discussed. The SAMPAR system described is unique in that it has a wide-ranging multifrequency capability. The ML technique is also unique because its estimation is based on the use of a highly refined signal model. It is shown, by using both simulated data and real data, that this combination, i.e., a SAMPAR system and the modified ML algorithm, provides a multiple signal resolution that exceeds any reported in the open literature. The measured data used in this study were recorded using a 32-element sampled aperture antenna on an over-water path. >
C-Shaped Complementing Patch Antenna for Broadband Communications

ABSTRACT Design of an optimized planar coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed complementing C-shaped patch antenna for broadband communication is presented. It resonates at 2.1 GHz with bandwidth spanning from 1.2 to 2.45 GHz for the return loss of −10 dB or more. In the absence of closed form design formulae for its resonant frequency, this paper proposes use of either artificial neural network (ANN) or simulated annealing (SA). Results from these stochastic methods are in good agreement with those from electromagnetic (EM) simulations as well as prototype measurements. The EM simulations show good radiation characteristics and moderate gain in the entire operating band of the antenna.
Eyes Location Based on Phase Congruency Images

The paper focuses on eyes location under nonlinear illuminations. Considered phase congruency is insensitive to illumination, a novel algorithm of eyes location based on phase congruency images is presented. Firstly, the eyes are located roughly by integral projection. Secondly, Hough transform is used to determine the center of eyes after the images are transformed to phase congruency images. The results of experiment indicate that the algorithm is excellent in locating human eyes under nonlinear illuminations.
Low-order modelling of head related transfer functions based on spectral smoothing and principal component analysis

The article presents wavelet-based spectral smoothing and Principal Component Analysis as a pre-processing step for Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) filter design. Spectral smoothing of HRTF by means of Stationary Wavelet Transform discards low-value peaks and notches in HRTF which can be treated as noise. The Principal Component Analysis applied to the HRTF data extracts most important frequency components responsible for sound source localization in azimuth and elevation. These methods used in combination are used to reduce the order of filters that are applied in 3D audio rendering system.
Three-dimensional SPACE MR with CAIPIRINHA fourfold acceleration for assessing long head of biceps tendon

Background Data regarding controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA) T2-weighted sampling perfection with application optimized contrast evolution (SPACE) with fourfold acceleration factor for assessing long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) disorder is lacking. Purpose To investigate the feasibility of 3D CAIPIRINHA SPACE with fourfold acceleration in assessing LHBT disorder. Material and Methods A total of 42 consecutive patients underwent shoulder magnetic resonance (MR) examinations including CAIPIRINHA SPACE with fourfold acceleration, and non-CAIPIRINHA SPACE with twofold acceleration, and 2D fast spin echo (FSE). A subjective score of depiction of LHBT was given to 3D sequence according to a 4-point scale (0–3, “poor” to “excellent”). The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare depiction scores between 3D sequences. Three statuses of LHBT were defined in the study: normal, tendonitis, and tear. McNemar’s test was used compare diagnostic accuracy. Results LHBT was better depicted with CAIPIRINHA SPACE versus non-CAIPIRINHA SPACE (2.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.5 ± 0.4; P < 0.001). Inter-modality agreement between CAIPIRINHA SPACE and 2D FSE was almost perfect (kappa = 0.884 ± 0.064). The sensitivity and specificity in detecting LHBT disorder were 95% (20/21) and 95% (20/21), respectively, for CAIPIRINHA SPACE, and 71% (15/21) and 76% (16/21), respectively, for non-CAIPIRINHA SPACE (P = 0.039). Conclusion Fourfold acceleration CAIPIRINHA is feasible in reducing the acquisition time of SPACE MR in the shoulder. 3D CAIPIRINHA SPACE with fourfold acceleration is highly accurate in detecting LHBT disorder.