Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Training‐induced neuroanatomical plasticity in ADHD: A tensor‐based morphometric study

Experience‐based neuroplasticity has typically been associated with functional changes, but growing evidence indicates that training can also render dynamic structural alterations in the brain. Although research on training‐induced morphological plasticity has consistently demonstrated rapid increases of gray matter volume in task‐related regions, no studies have examined if local volumetric reductions in gray matter associated with certain psychiatric disorders may be reversible by adequate training. We aimed to assess whether a training program applied to ADHD patients can contravene some of the associated neuroanatomical alterations. High‐resolution anatomical scans were acquired before and after the training period, and a whole‐brain tensor‐based morphometric approach was applied to extract a voxel‐wise estimation of longitudinal changes in regional gray matter volume. Our results show focal volumetric gray matter increases in bilateral middle frontal cortex and right inferior–posterior cerebellum after cognitive training compared with the ADHD control group. The extent of gray matter volume increase in the inferior–posterior cerebellum was associated with attentional performance. These findings illustrate the capacity of the nervous system for rapid morphological adjustments in response to environmental triggers. Moreover, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum are commonly considered sites of volumetric reduction in ADHD, and the inferior–posterior lobule of the cerebellum is associated with progressive symptom‐related volume loss. Hence, the clusters of volumetric change observed in our study were confined to structures typically characterized by volume reduction in ADHD patients, providing preliminary indications that cognitive training may contravene some of the neuroanatomical deficits associated with the disorder. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virtual Receive Antenna for Overloaded MIMO Layered Space-Time System

Layered space time processing in spatial multiplexing systems requires the number of receive antennas to be equal to or larger than the number of transmit antennas. However, it is impractical for small-sized mobile units to accommodate a large number of antennas. To loosen this stringent requirement, a novel concept of virtual receive antennas (VRA) for overloaded MIMO system is presented. The VRA system architecture consists of two major parts: fractional timing offset in the transmitter and oversampling at the receive matched filter. This procedure expands the received signal dimension and thus creates virtual receive antennas. Due to these created virtual receive antennas, the minimum number of physical receive antennas could be reduced. In order to explore the potential of VRA, this paper evaluates its system capacity and performance bound. Results show that the VRA system can achieve higher ergodic capacity and outage rate than conventional overloaded MIMO system. Performance analysis also suggests a potential performance gain for the VRA system. To eliminate the created inter-symbol interference in the VRA, time domain and frequency domain equalization are utilized and evaluated.
QUANTITATIVE CHANGES IN PROTEINS, PIGMENTS AND SENNOSIDES OF CASSIA ANGUSTIFOLIA VAHL TREATED WITH MANCOZEB

Seeds of Cassia angustifolia Vahl treated with different concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, and 0.25%) of a fungicide, Mancozeb, were sown in field conditions in order to study the effect of the stress caused by this fungicide on pigment concentration and the protein and sennoside contents of the plant. Protein content and pigment concentration increased at 0.10% dose of Mancozeb, but higher doses caused a significant decline in comparison with the control. Application of Mancozeb resulted in a considerable dose-dependent reduction in the contents of sennoside a (nearly 7-32% reduction in young leaves, 14-36% in mature leaves and 8-24% in pods) and sennoside b (about 11-36% reduction in young leaves, 5-38% in mature leaves and 5-30% in pods), thus affecting indirectly the therapeutic property of the plant.
Explorer Physiological Concentrations of Amyloid Beta Regulate Recycling of Synaptic Vesicles via Alpha 7 Acetylcholine Receptor and CDK 5 / Calcineurin Signaling

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Effect of Different Conditions on the Sorption Behavior of Co2+ Using Celatom- ZeoliteY Composite

— Composite of Celatom-ZeoliteY (Cel-ZY) was used to remove cobalt ion from an aqueous solution using batch mode. ZeoliteY has successfully superimposed on Celatom FW-14 surface using hydrothermal treatment . The product was synthesized as a novel of hierarchical porous material. It was observed from the results that Cel-ZY has higher ability to remove cobalt ions than the pure ZeoliteY powder (PZY) synthesized under the same conditions. Several parameters were studied in this project to investigate the effect of removal cobalt ion such as pH and initial cobalt concentration. It was clearly observed that the uptake of cobalt ions was affected with increase these parameters. The results proved that the product can be used effectively to remove Co 2+ ions from wastewater as an environmentally friendly alternative.
A Unique SEPIC converter based Power Factor Correction method with a DCM Detection Technique

This paper presents a unique Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) based power factor correction method with discontinuous conduction mode detection. The SEPIC power factor correction (PFC) converter with the advent of digital control, powerful control techniques are used to achieve low-harmonic input current. An analog SEPIC based PFC converter is modified into a digitally controlled equivalent; thus provides flexibility for further implementations. The voltage and current sensing circuit design, compensator topology, the critical interrupt service routines, and the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) control is presented. The proposed SEPIC converter is contributes with a Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) detection method using DSP for the purpose of power factor correction close to unity. The proposed detection technique has easy computation steps, and requires very small or almost null modification in existing SEPIC based PFC converters using DSP control techniques. The SEPIC-PFC converter analyse the effectiveness of the proposed detection approach over traditional detection techniques for power quality improvements. A new adaptive Mixed Conduction Mode (MCM) control technique is applies in the proposed SEPIC converter to realize optimal power factor and reduced total harmonic distortion contents in the output over a conventional controllers.
Symmetric‐key block cipher for image and text cryptography

Public‐key cryptography has been widely accepted as the method in which data is encrypted, using algorithms such as the widely known and popularly used RSA algorithm. However, management of the public‐key and its storage is an on‐going issue. To avoid these problems the symmetric‐key approach can be taken, where there is only one key and it must be kept secret. Presented in this paper is a new cipher based on symmetric‐key cryptography, called the NASA/Kennedy Cipher (N/KC), and further designed as a block cipher using 128‐bit blocks. The minimum key size is set at 128 bits with a maximum allowable of 2048 bits, modulus 2. The main focus of this work is encryption of image data for the purpose of protecting intellectual properties. However, empirical results are presented on N/KC's ability of encrypting and decrypting text data in the form of vectors and documents as well. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 178–188, 2005
ISIS in the Eyes of the Dutch Bas Hendrikse

The presence of militant group Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is growing. Terrorist attacks in Europe, an incoming stream of refugees in the south of the continent and propaganda videos spread through social media are a number of the reasons Europe is getting socially involved in the Middle-Eastern war. It might seem that the Netherlands could become a target of the organisation too. But are Dutch citizens concerned about this? In this paper, we describe the reaction of the Dutch on ISIS by analysing what they say on the website Twitter about the organisation. With the use of entity disambiguation, topic modelling and visualisation tools, we were able to filter out tweets about ISIS and were able to create a network graph displaying the ten main topics about ISIS which Dutch people tweeted about and a word cloud, displaying the words which were most used in the tweets. The visualisations were used to analyse what topics people talked most about regarding ISIS on Twitter and how they felt about the topics. Understanding the social network responses to ISIS’ attacks can give us some clues to understand its impact on the society.
An Intelligent Assessment Tool for Students’ Java Submissions in Introductory Programming Courses

This paper presents a graph-based grading system for Java introductory programming courses, eGrader. This system grades submission both dynamically and statically to ensure a complete and through grading job. While dynamic analysis is based on JUnit framework, the static analysis is based on the graph representation of the program and its quality which is measured by software metrics. The graph representation is based on the Control Dependence Graphs (CDG) and Method Call Dependencies (MCD). eGrader outperforms existing systems in two ways: the ability of grading submission with semantic-errors, effectively, and generating reports for students, as a feedback on their performance, and instructors on the overall performance of the class. eGrader is well received by instructors not only for saving time and effort but also for its high success rate that is measured by four performance indicators which are sensitivity (97.37%), specificity (98.1%), precision (98.04%) and accuracy (97.07%).
Nucleotide sequence and intracellular location of the product of the fosfomycin resistance gene from transposon Tn2921

An 863-base-pair DNA fragment containing the fosfomycin resistance gene from transposon Tn2921 was sequenced. Analysis of the sequence revealed the presence of a single open reading frame that encoded the FOS polypeptide of 16 kilodaltons from Tn2921. Minicell fractionation studies showed that the FOS protein was located in the bacterial cytoplasm.
Plasticity of language pathways in patients with low-grade glioma: A diffusion tensor imaging study

Knowledge of the plasticity of language pathways in patients with low-grade glioma is important for neurosurgeons to achieve maximum resection while preserving neurological function. The current study sought to investigate changes in the ventral language pathways in patients with low-grade glioma located in regions likely to affect the dorsal language pathways. The results revealed no significant difference in fractional anisotropy values in the arcuate fasciculus between groups or between hemispheres. However, fractional anisotropy and lateralization index values in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus and lateralization index values in the left inferior fronto-occpital fasciculus were higher in patients than in healthy subjects. These results indicate plasticity of language pathways in patients with low-grade glioma. The ventral language pathways may perform more functions in patients than in healthy subjects. As such, it is important to protect the ventral language pathways intraoperatively.
mi-DS: Multiple-Instance Learning Algorithm

Multiple-instance learning (MIL) is a supervised learning technique that addresses the problem of classifying bags of instances instead of single instances. In this paper, we introduce a rule-based MIL algorithm, called mi-DS, and compare it with 21 existing MIL algorithms on 26 commonly used data sets. The results show that mi-DS performs on par with or better than several well-known algorithms and generates models characterized by balanced values of precision and recall. Importantly, the introduced method provides a framework that can be used for converting other rule-based algorithms into MIL algorithms.
Encoding Neural and Synaptic Functionalities in Electron Spin: A Pathway to Efficient Neuromorphic Computing

Present day computers expend orders of magnitude more computational resources to perform various cognitive and perception related tasks that humans routinely perform everyday. This has recently resulted in a seismic shift in the field of computation where research efforts are being directed to develop a neurocomputer that attempts to mimic the human brain by nanoelectronic components and thereby harness its efficiency in recognition problems. Bridging the gap between neuroscience and nanoelectronics, this paper attempts to provide a review of the recent developments in the field of spintronic device based neuromorphic computing. Description of various spin-transfer torque mechanisms that can be potentially utilized for realizing device structures mimicking neural and synaptic functionalities is provided. A cross-layer perspective extending from the device to the circuit and system level is presented to envision the design of an All-Spin neuromorphic processor enabled with on-chip learning functionalities. Device-circuit-algorithm co-simulation framework calibrated to experimental results suggest that such All-Spin neuromorphic systems can potentially achieve almost two orders of magnitude energy improvement in comparison to state-of-the-art CMOS implementations.
Vegetation Water Content Retrieval by Means of Multifrequency Microwave Acquisitions From AMSR2

In this study, two retrieval algorithms for estimating the water content of vegetation (VWC) in the range 0–8 kg/m2 from multifrequency microwave radiometric data have been implemented, with the purpose of contributing to the development of an all-weather VWC product for the satellite AMSR2 radiometer of the JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) GCOM-W mission. The first algorithm estimates VWC through a semi-empirical combination of the polarization index (PI) acquired at X and Ku bands, while the second one endeavors to improve the retrieval accuracy adding C-band data and using an artificial neural network (ANN) method. The sensitivity to vegetation biomass of multifrequency PIs at various frequencies, which was already pointed out in the previous literature, has been first further evaluated with the support of the well-known tau-omega solution of the radiative transfer model and experimental data. Two years of AMSR2 data collected on a wide portion of Africa, which includes a large variety of vegetation types and biomasses, have been considered for implementing and testing both algorithms. VWC reference data with the same temporal and spatial coverage of AMSR2, needed for validating the algorithm outputs, have been derived from SPOT4 normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), downsampled to the AMSR2 ground resolution. The test results provided a correlation coefficient R > 0.88 with root mean square error (RMSE) < 1.4 kg/m 2 for the semi-empirical algorithm, and R = 0.98 with RMSE < 0.5 kg/m2 for ANN algorithm, thus demonstrating that, although both approaches are able to estimate VWC, the ANN algorithm is able to obtain better results. An independent validation of the two algorithms was then carried out on the entire Australian continent, considering 4 periods of 16 days each in different seasons of 2013. In this case, the algorithm outputs have been compared with VWC derived from MODIS 16 days averaged NDVI. The independent validation, as expected, showed slightly worst results, with R = 0.82 and RMSE around 1.5 kg/m2 for the semi-empirical algorithm, and R = 0.88 and RMSE around 0.86 kg/m2 for the ANN. This study demonstrated that microwave data from AMSR2 and polarization indices can be legitimately used to produce vegetation maps on a global scale by separating several levels of biomass, without any need of further information from other sensors.
Efficient communication using total-exchange

A central question in parallel computing is to determine the extent to which one can write parallel programs using a high-level, general-purpose, and architecture-independent programming language and have them executed on a variety of parallel and distributed architectures without sacrificing efficiency. A large body of research suggests that, at least in theory, general-purpose parallel computing is indeed possible provided certain conditions are met: an excess of logical parallelism in the program, and the ability of the target architecture to efficiently realize balanced communication patterns. The canonical example of a balanced communication pattern is an h-relation, in which each processor is the origin and destination of at most h messages. A plethora of protocols has been designed for routing h-relations in a variety of networks. The goal has been to minimize the value of h while guaranteeing delivery of the messages within a time constant factor from optimal. In this paper we describe protocols that meet the most stringent efficiency requirement, namely delivery of messages within time that is a lower order additive term from the best achievable. Such protocols are called 1-optimal. While these protocols achieve 1-optimality only for heavily loaded networks, that is, for large values of h, they are remarkable for their simplicity in that they only use the total-exchange communication primitive. The total-exchange can be realized in many networks using very simple, contention-free, and extremely efficient schemes. The technical contribution of this paper is a protocol to route random h-relations in an N-processor network using /sup h///sub N/(1+o(1))+O(log log N) total-exchange rounds with high probability. Using message duplication, we can improve the bound to /sup h///sub N/(1+o(1))+O(log*N). This improves upon the /sup h///sub N/(1+o(1))+O(log N) bound of Gerbessiotis and Valiant. While our theoretical improvements are modest, our experimental results show an improvement over the protocol of A. Gerebessiotis and L.G. Valiant. <<ETX>>
Effects of FHL1 and P21 on hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats

Numerous studies have demonstrated that altered expression levels of four and a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1) and P21 are necessary for hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling in both adult rats and human patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, whether FHL1 and P21 are present in the pulmonary artery and whether these proteins affect pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in neonatal rats remain unknown. The present study investigated the effects of altered FHL1 and P21 expression on pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with HPH. A total of 32 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to hypoxia or room air for 7 or 14 days (n=8/subgroup). Parameters including the percentage of medial wall thickness (WT%), the percentage of medial wall area (WA%), right ventricular (RV) mean pressure, RV hypertrophy index (RVHI) and RV systolic pressure (RVSP) were measured to evaluate the development of HPH. Additionally, the expressions of FHL1 and P21 in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. WA%, WT%, RV mean pressure, RVHI and RVSP were significantly increased in the HPH model group when compared with the control group (P<0.01). The protein expression levels of FHL1 were significantly increased in the HPH group (P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of P21 were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the protein expressions of FHL1 and P21 were correlated with WA% and WT% (all P<0.001), and that the protein expression of P21 was negatively correlated with that of FHL1 (P<0.01). The results indicated that the expressions of FHL1 and P21 were altered in the PASMCs of newborn rats with HPH. Furthermore, FHL1 and P21 may serve important roles in pulmonary vascular remodeling.
A Probabilistic Approach for Determining the Optimal Amount of Transmission System Usage

Over the past decade, electric power systems have been restructured based on different models to introduce competition among market participants. Transmission open access for suppliers and customers is one of the most prevailing unbundling services. Usually, a connection tariff is established based on different market factors, including the actual usage of the transmission network. In Brazil, most vertically integrated companies owned by the federal and state governments were unbundled, and new transmission companies are being created. These companies make their assets available to the independent system operator, designated as Operador Nacional do Sistema Eleacutetrico (ONS). One of the main objectives of ONS is to manage transmission services, over a certain voltage level, to ensure nondiscriminatory access to the grid. All transmission users, including regional distribution companies, pay wheeling transmission charges at each delivery or connection point with the major Brazilian network administrated by ONS. This paper presents a methodology for determining the optimal amount of transmission system usage (ATSU) that must be contracted by a regional distribution company, at each connection point. In the proposed approach, the maximum flow at each connection is represented as a random variable in order to obtain the distribution probability of the transmission charges as a function of the ATSU parameter. Besides providing the optimal amounts to be contracted, the proposed probabilistic methodology allows quantifying the risks of violation of each contract and estimating possible penalties. All methodology development steps are described and illustrated through numerical examples. An application to a typical Brazilian regional distribution company is also discussed
Novel SHV-Derived Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase, SHV-57, That Confers Resistance to Ceftazidime but Not Cefazolin

ABSTRACT A new SHV-derived extended-spectrum β-lactamase, SHV-57, that confers high-level resistance to ceftazidime but not cefotaxime or cefazolin was identified from a national surveillance study conducted in Taiwan in 1998. An Escherichia coli isolate resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, and ceftazidime but sensitive to cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, imipenem, and a narrow-spectrum cephem (cefazolin) was isolated from the urine of a patient treated with β-lactam antibiotics. Resistance to β-lactams was conjugatively transferred with a plasmid of about 50 kbp. The pI of this enzyme was 8.3. The sequence of the gene was determined, and the open reading frame of the gene was found to consist of 861 bases (GenBank accession number AY223863 ). Kinetic parameters showed that SHV-57 had a poor affinity to cefazolin. The Km value toward cefazolin (5.57 × 103 μM) was extremely high in comparison to those toward ceftazidime (30.9 μM) and penicillin G (67 μM), indicating its low affinity to cefazolin. Although the Km value of the β-lactamase inhibitor was too high for the study of catalytic activity (kcat), indicating the low kcat of SHV-57, the SHV-57 carrier was highly susceptible to a β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination. Comparison of the three-dimensional molecular model of SHV-57 with that of the SHV-1 β-lactamase suggests that the substitution of arginine for leucine-169 in the Ω loop is important for the substrate specificity.