Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuous Control Set-Model Predictive Control for Torque Control of Induction Motors in a Wide Speed Range

Abstract This paper proposes a novel continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC) method for the torque control of induction motors. A systematic way to define a reference state for the given torque reference is provided. The reference state is determined according to three different operational modes to yield the highest possible efficiency. First, at low speeds, the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) is achieved considering ohmic loss minimization. Second, the flux reference is limited by increasing the slip frequency with increase in the reference torque. Third, MTPA in field-weakening region is adopted. In proposed MPC, a cost index is defined using the derived reference state and the optimal control input is determined considering the input constraints. This control input is obtained without use of any numerical algorithm at each time step. The stability analysis of the closed-loop control system is performed. The proposed control is implemented and validated by simulation and experimental studies at steady and transient states. The results confirm that the proposed approach gives a very good dynamic performance in a wide speed range within the machine’s capability. The ripples in torque and current are reduced compared to the last referenced MPC of IM.
Tradeoffs in the feed point selection of a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna

Abstract This paper aims at investigating the dependence of the impedance and the radiation characteristics of a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), on the feed point of the DRA. It is demonstrated that the resonant frequency, bandwidth, radiation pattern symmetry, and cross-polarized radiation levels depend highly on the feed point. Three standard single-ended feed mechanisms such as the microstrip line, the microstrip slot, and the coaxial probe are taken as examples, to demonstrate the feed-point dependence of the DRA performance. Standard commercial EM simulation tools (ANSYS HFSS and CST Microwave Studio) are used for generating insightful results to help the discussion. This analysis also provides a functional comparison among the above said three feed mechanisms with respect to the feed-point dependence, which is further verified through measurements of DRA prototypes employing the three feeds.
Optimisation by Unit-Cell Rotation of Linear-to- Circular Polarising Reflectors for Practical Primary Feeds

This paper presents a procedure to optimise by unit-cell rotation a linear-to-circular polariser for near-field incidence. The method is illustrated using an example of an offset flat reflector illuminated by a standard gain horn. Breadboards for the uniform unit-cell array and optimised array have been manufactured and measured, showing good agreement with simulations. Improvements up to 8 dB in the measured cross-polarisation levels of the far-field horizontal plane are obtained for the optimised surface.
Multilevel delay lock loop approach for wall clutter mitigation in through‐the‐wall radar imaging

Wall clutter mitigation is important in through-the-wall imaging (TWI) because the target information is often buried in the wall's reflections, especially when the target is located close to the wall. A new wall clutter mitigation method is proposed based on the multilevel delay lock loop (M-DLL) technique. The M-DLL structure uses the M-sequences’ phase information sequentially remove the direct wave, wall's primary echo and the multiple echoes, then the rest part of the signal is used to probe and estimate the position of the target. The M-DLL can obtain the precise correlation of the signal, and the rest target echo has an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. This method is used in TWI as a new technique, and the results compared with other methods show that it has an excellent detectability and a good anti-jamming performance.
Influence of the temperature and the origin of CO2 (anaerobiosis methodology) on the intracellular fermentation of wines made by carbonic maceration

Abstract BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for making wines by the carbonic maceration (CM) method. In this test, we attempted to identify the causes of the higher volatile acidity of some wines vinified by this method. Accordingly, we measured the development and speed of intracellular fermentation inside the whole grapes under different vinification conditions. RESULTS An active fermentation of the must in the tanks produced by inoculation with active dry yeasts was more efficient for the process than the addition of exogenous carbon dioxide (CO2). In addition, in CM vinification, the moment of devatting had a great influence on the content of acetaldehyde and acetic acid in the whole grapes. CONCLUSION Yeast inoculation in the tanks and control of the devatting time are technological tools that could play an important role in the characteristics of the wines produced by carbonic maceration, especially with respect to acetic acid content. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A Biopharmaceutical Perspective on Higher-Order Structure and Thermal Stability of mRNA Vaccines

Preservation of the integrity of macromolecular higher-order structure is a tenet central to achieving biologic drug and vaccine product stability toward manufacturing, distribution, storage, handling, and administration. Given that mRNA lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) are held together by an intricate ensemble of weak forces, there are some intriguing parallels to biologic drugs, at least at first glance. However, mRNA vaccines are not without unique formulation and stabilization challenges derived from the instability of unmodified mRNA and its limited history as a drug or vaccine. Since certain learning gained from biologic drug development may be applicable for the improvement of mRNA vaccines, we present a perspective on parallels and contrasts between the emerging role of higher-order structure pertaining to mRNA-LNPs compared to pharmaceutical proteins. In a recent publication, the location of mRNA encapsulated within lipid nanoparticles was identified, revealing new insights into the LNP structure, nanoheterogeneity, and microenvironment of the encapsulated mRNA molecules [Brader et al. Biophys. J.2021, 120, 276633773963]. We extend those findings by considering the effect of encapsulation on mRNA thermal unfolding with the observation that encapsulation in LNPs increases mRNA unfolding temperatures.
Factors Associated With Patient Satisfaction Measured Using an Iterative Scale

Background and Objectives: Patient experience measures tend to have notable ceiling effects that make it difficult to learn from gradations of satisfaction to improve care. This study tested 2 different iterative satisfaction measures after a musculoskeletal specialty care visit in the hope that they might have less ceiling effect. We measured floor effects, ceilings effects, skewness, and kurtosis of both questionnaires. We also assessed patient factors independently associated with the questionnaires and the top 2 possible scores. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 186 patients completed questionnaires while seeing 1 of 11 participating orthopedic surgeons in July and August 2019; the questionnaire measured: (1) demographics, (2) symptoms of depression, (3) catastrophic thinking in response to nociception, (4) heightened illness concerns, and (5) satisfaction with the visit on 2 iterative satisfaction scales. Bivariate and multivariable analyses sought associations of the explanatory variable with the satisfaction scales. Results: There is a small correlation between the 2 scales (r = 0.27; P < .001). Neither scale had a floor effect and both had a ceiling effect of 45%. There is a very small correlation between greater health anxiety and lower satisfaction measured with one of the scales (r = −0.16; P = .05). Conclusion: An iterative satisfaction questionnaire created some spread in patient experience data, but could not limit ceiling effects. Additional strategies are needed to remove ceiling effects from satisfaction measures.
Adaptive Finite-Time Attitude Tracking of Quadrotors With Experiments and Comparisons

The finite-time attitude control of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) subject to external disturbances with unknown bound is investigated in this paper. First, an adaptive multivariable finite-time stabilizing control algorithm for second-order multivariable systems is developed based on the improved supertwisting and the equivalent control algorithms. Furthermore, the finite-time stability conditions are derived via the Lyapunov technique. The remarkable feature of the developed algorithm is to eliminate the overestimation of the control gains without loss of the sliding motion. Then, the proposed algorithm is applied for quadrotor UAVs to solve the finite-time attitude-tracking problem. Finally, a comparison of the proposed multivariable algorithm with its scalar counterpart is presented and validated both by simulation and experiment results.
Emerging drugs for antibody-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation: a focus on phase II & III trials

ABSTRACT Introduction Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is a leading cause of kidney allograft failure. Its therapy continues to be challenge, and no treatment has been approved for the market thus far. Areas covered In this article, we discuss the pathophysiology and phenotypic presentation of ABMR, the current level of evidence to support the use of available therapeutic strategies, and the emergence of tailored drugs now being evaluated in systematic clinical trials. We searched PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov and Citeline’s Pharmaprojects for pertinent information on emerging anti-rejection strategies, laying a focus on phase II and III trials. Expert opinion Currently, we rely on the use of apheresis for alloantibody depletion and intravenous immunoglobulin (referred to as standard of care), preferentially in early active ABMR. Recent systematic trials have questioned the benefits of using the CD20 antibody rituximab or the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. However, there are now several promising treatment approaches in the pipeline, which are being trialed in phase II and III studies. These include interleukin-6 antagonism, CD38-targeting antibodies, and selective inhibitors of complement. On the basis of the information that has emerged so far, it seems that innovative treatment strategies for clinical use in ABMR may be available within the next 5–10 years.
Surgery combined with photodynamic therapy versus surgery alone for the treatment of non‐melanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis: A retrospective cohort study

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for some non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and actinic keratosis. To compare recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates between surgery alone and surgery with postoperative PDT in patients with NMSC in China. This retrospective cohort study included patients with pathologically confirmed NMSC or actinic keratosis treated by surgical excision with/without PDT. A total of 125 patients were included, including 72 patients (43 females) aged 57–75 years in the surgery alone group and 53 patients (32 females) aged 61–76 years in the surgery+PDT group. The most common NMSC types were squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, the most common lesion site was the head and neck, and the vast majority of patients had a primary disease and solitary lesions. There were no significant differences between groups in baseline characteristics. RFS rates in the surgery alone and surgery+PDT groups were, respectively, 100.0% and 98.1% at 1 week, 98.6% and 98.1% at 4 weeks, 97.2% and 98.1% at 8 weeks, 97.2% and 98.1% at 12 weeks, and 90.3% and 90.4% at 24 weeks, with no significant differences between groups. Adjuvant PDT after surgical excision of NMSC or actinic keratosis does not provide short‐term improvement in RFS, but the results need to be confirmed by a formal randomized controlled trial.
The Preventive Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients with Time Factors: A Randomized Trial.

Objectives: There is currently no exact and effective treatment for postoperative delirium (POD). The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) before surgery and during surgery in elderly patients with POD. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients were randomly divided into three groups: a preoperative TEAS group (group E1), an intraoperative TEAS group (group E2), and a control group (group C). In group E1, TEAS was applied at the Shenting, Baihui, bilateral Neiguan, and Hegu points for 30 min 1 day before surgery and before the induction of anesthesia. In group E2, TEAS was applied during surgery. In group C, electrodes were applied to the points just cited, but no electric stimulation was administered. The incidence of delirium was assessed within 5 days after surgery, and the plasma concentration of propofol at bispectral index (BIS) = 50 was recorded. Blood samples were collected to measure neuron-specific enolation (NSE), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-1β 1 day before surgery and 1 and 5 days after surgery. Results: The incidence of delirium in group E1 was decreased in comparison with group C and group E1 (both p < 0.05). The propofol plasma concentration at BIS = 50 in group E1 was also decreased in comparison with group C and group E2 (both p < 0.05). Compared with group C, the concentrations of NSE, TNF-α, and IL-1β in plasma were decreased in group E1 and group E2 1 and 5 days after surgery (both p < 0.05), and the concentrations of NSE and IL-1β in plasma in group E1 were decreased 1 and 5 days after surgery in comparison with group E2. Conclusion: The TEAS can reduce the dosage of propofol required during surgery and the occurrence of delirium after surgery. Its mechanism may be related to inhibiting inflammation response and alleviating brain injury. Compared with intraoperative application, the effect of preconditioning with TEAS before surgery is better. Trial Registration: ChiCTR-INR-17012501. Date of registration: August 29, 2017.
The Component and Functional Pathways of Gut Microbiota are Altered in Populations with Poor Sleep Quality – A Preliminary Report

Abstract With the development of genome sequencing, many researchers have investigated the mechanism by which the intestinal microbiota influences sleep across the brain-gut axis. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and sleep disorder remains unclear. Thus, we studied the difference in gut microbiota composition between poor sleep quality- and normal populations, which helps set the ground for future research. The recruited college students provided baseline information and stool samples and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We compared the two groups’ gut microbiota composition and functional differentiation by using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The main bacterial difference and the most critical effect were mainly concentrated within Tenericutes and Elusimicrobia. Compared with the healthy control group, some functions of the gut microbiota were impaired in the poor sleep quality group, such as butanoate metabolism and propanoate metabolism. Bacterial taxa with significant differences raised the possibility for future diagnosis and treatment of sleep problems.
Peri‐anesthetic hypothermia in rodents: A factor to consider for accurate and reproducible outcomes in orthopedic device‐related infection studies

Orthopedic device‐related infection (ODRI) preclinical models are widely used in translational research. Most ODRI models require induction of general anesthesia, which frequently results in hypothermia in rodents. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of peri‐anesthetic hypothermia in rodents on outcomes in preclinical ODRI studies. A retrospective analysis of all rodents that underwent surgery under general anesthesia to induce an ODRI model with inoculation of Staphylococcus epidermidis between 2016 and 2020 was conducted. A one‐way multivariate analysis of covariance (one‐way MANCOVA) was used to determine the fixed effect of peri‐anesthetic hypothermia (hypothermic defined as rectal temperature <35°C) on the combined harvested tissue and implant colony‐forming unit (CFU) counts, and having controlled for the study groups including treatments received, duration of surgery and anesthesia, and study period. The results showed a significant effect of peri‐anesthetic hypothermia on the post‐mortem combined CFU counts from the harvested tissue and implant(s) (p = 0.01) when comparing normo‐ versus hypothermic rodents. Using Wilks’ Λ as a criterion to determine the contribution of independent variables to the model, peri‐anesthetic hypothermia was the most significant, though still a weak predictor, of increased harvested CFU counts. Altogether, the data corroborate the concept that bacterial colonization is affected by abnormal body temperature during general anesthesia at the time of bacterial inoculation in rodents, which needs to be taken into consideration to decrease infection data variability and improve experimental reproducibility.
Using surrogate information to improve confirmatory platform trial with sample size re-estimation

ABSTRACT Platform design which allows exploring multiple arms with a common control simultaneously is becoming essential for efficient drug development. However, one of the critical challenges for confirmatory platform trials is immature data for interim decisions, particularly for the treatment arm selection and sample size determination with limited data available. We use a modified conditional power (CP) for both treatment arm selection and sample size determination at interim analysis for the proposed platform trial. The modified CP uses the available data from both primary and surrogate endpoints. We also demonstrated the application in a case study of a lung cancer trial.
Comparative Toxicity and Joint Effects of Chlorantraniliprole and Carbaryl Against the Invasive Spodioptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract Fallarmyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most devastating invasive pests in China. Chlorantraniliprole (CH) is currently the main agent for controlling S. frugiperda. Carbaryl (CA) has been widely used as a foliar treatment to control S. frugiperda, although the pest has become highly resistant to it. This study investigates the comparative toxicity and joint effects of CH and CA on S. frugiperda. Time-toxicity results showed that CH had high toxicity to 1st and 3rd instar larvae, whereas CA had very low toxicity to 1st and 3rd instar larvae. The mixtures of CH and CA at different mass ratios showed strong synergistic effects on toxicity, and the mass ratio of 2:1 exhibited the highest toxicity to S. frugiperda. Furthermore, the synergistic toxicity of CH and CA at the 2:1 mass ratio (CH+CA) was also verified in field populations of S. frugiperda. The life-history parameters showed that CH+CA dramatically decreased the survival rate and fecundity of the parent population (F0) compared with CH treatment at the same concentration. Besides, CH and CH+CA mixture showed induction effect on cytochrome P450s and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) activities in S. frugiperda, with cytochrome P450s enzyme responding the fastest. In conclusion, this research found CH+CA provided synergistic effects on the toxicity and the sublethal effect on larvae. The joint effects on the life-history parameters and the detoxifying enzymes in S. frugiperda, may be useful for implementing IPM programs against this Lepidoptera pest. Graphical Abstract
Identification of storage conditions stabilizing extracellular vesicles preparations

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes and hold great potential for therapeutic and diagnostic use. Despite significant advances within the last decade, the key issue of EV storage stability remains unresolved and under investigated. Here, we aimed to identify storage conditions stabilizing EVs and comprehensively compared the impact of various storage buffer formulations at different temperatures on EVs derived from different cellular sources for up to 2 years. EV features including concentration, diameter, surface protein profile and nucleic acid contents were assessed by complementary methods, and engineered EVs containing fluorophores or functionalized surface proteins were utilized to compare cellular uptake and ligand binding. We show that storing EVs in PBS over time leads to drastically reduced recovery particularly for pure EV samples at all temperatures tested, starting already within days. We further report that using PBS as diluent was found to result in severely reduced EV recovery rates already within minutes. Several of the tested new buffer conditions largely prevented the observed effects, the lead candidate being PBS supplemented with human albumin and trehalose (PBS‐HAT). We report that PBS‐HAT buffer facilitates clearly improved short‐term and long‐term EV preservation for samples stored at ‐80°C, stability throughout several freeze‐thaw cycles, and drastically improved EV recovery when using a diluent for EV samples for downstream applications.
Optoception: Perception of Optogenetic Brain Perturbations

Abstract How do animals experience brain manipulations? Optogenetics has allowed us to manipulate selectively and interrogate neural circuits underlying brain function in health and disease. However, little is known about whether mice can detect and learn from arbitrary optogenetic perturbations from a wide range of brain regions to guide behavior. To address this issue, mice were trained to report optogenetic brain perturbations to obtain rewards and avoid punishments. Here, we found that mice can perceive optogenetic manipulations regardless of the perturbed brain area, rewarding effects, or the stimulation of glutamatergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic cell types. We named this phenomenon optoception, a perceptible signal internally generated from perturbing the brain, as occurs with interoception. Using optoception, mice can learn to execute two different sets of instructions based on the laser frequency. Importantly, optoception can occur either activating or silencing a single cell type. Moreover, stimulation of two brain regions in a single mouse uncovered that the optoception induced by one brain region does not necessarily transfer to a second not previously stimulated area, suggesting a different sensation is experienced from each site. After learning, they can indistinctly use randomly interleaved perturbations from both brain regions to guide behavior. Collectively taken, our findings revealed that mice’s brains could “monitor” perturbations of their self-activity, albeit indirectly, perhaps via interoception or as a discriminative stimulus, opening a new way to introduce information to the brain and control brain-computer interfaces.
Proteomics and glycoproteomics of beer and wine

Beer and wine are fermented beverages that contain abundant proteins released from barley or grapes, and secreted from yeast. These proteins are associated with many quality attributes including turbidity, foamability, effervescence, flavour and colour. Many grape proteins and secreted yeast proteins are glycosylated, and barley proteins can be glycated under the high temperatures in the beer making process. The emergence of high‐resolution mass spectrometry has allowed proteomic and glycoproteomic analyses of these complex mixtures of proteins towards understanding their role in determining beer and wine attributes. In this review, we summarise recent studies of proteomic and glycoproteomic analyses of beer and wine including their strategies for mass spectrometry (MS)‐based identification, quantification and characterisation of the glyco/proteomes of fermented beverages to control product quality.