Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface tension reduction in air-water systems containing nonionic surfactant - comparison of mass transfer limited models

Surface tension reduction in systems containing surfactants occurs as a result of enhancement in surfactant surface concentration Γ. This enhancement occurs with finite rate, which depends on: − the surfactant transport from the bulk solution to the subsurface region, − the rate of surfactant adsorption at the interface, − possible changes of interfacial surface. Although the process is widely discussed in literature, it is commonly assumed that the interfacial area is constant and the process can be divided into two steps [Sosnowski, 2006]: 1. diffusional transport of surfactant form the bulk phase to subsurface region close to the interface, 2. adsorption form subsurface region to the interface (this stage is described by kinetic equation, typically by Langmuir equation). What is also commonly assumed, is the fact that the second step is infinitely fast as compared with transport step. This allows to simplify the description of discussed phenomenon as being controlled by diffusion only. In this way, it is stated that surface tension can be reduced as fast as the rate of surfactant diffusional transport from the solution to the interface it enables. Basic drawback of diffusion-limited model is not taking into account hydrodynamic effects. In systems where convection appears the assumptions of diffusion-limited model are not fulfilled. This happens in industrial systems as well as in several experimental setups (such as for example during the measurement of dynamic surface tension with the aid of maximum bubble pressure technique). In bubble tensiometers, employing this measurement technique, bubbles appear at the tip of capillary and detach from it with high frequency mixing intensively the solution, which is currently tested. Another problem, which is not addressed by diffusion-limited model, is the influence of changes of interfacial surface on the obtained experimentally values of dynamic surface tension. Such situation occurs at the time of bubble formation in surfactant solutions for example during measurements with the use of maximum bubble pressure method. In this study, a proposition of non-diffusional description of surface tension reduction in dynamic conditions in systems containing nonionic surfactant Tween80 is presented. Proposed macroscopic model exploits the conception of mass transfer coefficient in liquid phase. In addition, changes in interfacial surface (surface of a growing bubble in maximum bubble pressure method) are taken into account in the model. Obtained results were compared with asymptotic solution of Ward and Tordai equation and experimental results.
Concepts of generation and their empirical application : from social formations to narratives – a critical appraisal and some suggestions 1

This paper critically examines the empirical application of the concept of generation and suggests solutions to some problematic issues. By describing generations first as social formations of the present, and second as rooted in a shared past, some assumptions of research on generations, which are often only implicit (such as what defines a generation, or about the existence of a formative period in life), are made explicit and discussed. For the purpose of a clear separation of the concepts of cohort and generation, a strict notion of generations as social formations with a shared world view and a generational consciousness is favoured. Furthermore, the relation of generations as social formations to generations as narratives and discursive constructs is unpacked; these two approaches overlap but are not identical. Exemplifying different sociological perspectives on the social world, they can be put into a fruitful dialogue with each other. Concepts of generation and their empirical application 3 Concepts of generation and their empirical application: from social formations to narratives – a critical appraisal and some suggestions
Can We Measure Hospital Quality from Physicians' Choices?

In this paper, we propose an alternative methodology for ranking hospitals based on the choices of Medical School graduates over hospital training vacancies. Our methodology is therefore a revealed preference approach. Our methodology for measuring relative hospital quality has the following desirable properties: a) robust to manipulation from hospital administrators; b) conditional on having enough observations, it allows for differences in quality across specialties within a hospital; c) inexpensive in terms of data requirements, d) not subject to selection bias from patients nor hospital screening of patients; and e) unlike other rankings based on experts' evaluations, it does not require physicians to provide a complete ranking of all hospitals. We apply our methodology to the Spanish case and find, among other results, the following: First, the probability of choosing the best hospital relative to the worst hospital is statistically significantly different from zero. Second, physicians value proximity and nearby hospitals are seen as more substitutable. Third, observable time-invariant city characteristics are unrelated to results. Finally, our estimates for physicians' hospital valuations are significantly correlated to more traditional hospital quality measures.
Machine Learning Project Final Report : Bug Localization using Classification for Behavior Graph

Bug localization is a widely studied problem in program analysis. And in several studies, machine learning technique such as graph classification is introduced to aid the analysis of the software. These methods usually generate two sets of graphs of different runs. Knowing whether they have correct outputs, graph classifier can be built and its performance can be evaluated. If generate checkpoints for each program, partial graphs in each checkpoint could be built. By examining the classification performance boost in each checkpoint, a set of bug-like functions could be reported to help programmer identify and fix them. In this project, above idea is implemented. In addition, weighted subgraph model of Behavior Graph is built, and a technique to reduce the number of checkpoints and increase the result consistency is proposed, therefore both the classification performance and the localization performance will be improved.
A New Technique for Secure Image Communication via Chaotic Circuit

Our research paper describes secure imaging system based on chaotic noise generating circuit. A chaotic system operates based on a synchronized Master–Slave Chaotic circuits. Indeed the analog circuit is used as a master generator having chaotic and random number. In that frame, chaotic behavior is so difficult to be predicted by analytical methods without knowledge of the initial condition. Moreover, the chaotic systems show unpredictable and complex behaviors. These characteristics, make the chaotic circuit’s ideal tools for improving the level of security. Moreover, in this paper, new technique has been used, and the chaotic signal with the gray image signal are masked. The sender and receiver must be able to produce exactly the same chaotic noise in order to add and subtract same chaotic noise. This becomes possible with synchronization between Chaotic circuit. The results from the experiments with statistical tests prove that suggested gray encryption of the image and decryption on the basis of chaotic.
‘Organizational learning culture’: an ingenious device for promoting firm's innovativeness

The present study focuses on the relationship between organizational learning culture (OLC) and firm's innovativeness. The area of innovation as well as organizational culture is crucial for organizations and for entrepreneurs because both provide the basis for sustainable competitive advantage and improved firm performance. The notion of OLC offers a set of customs and principles that enhances imperativeness of an organization. Information acquisition, information interpretation, and behavioral and cognitive changes (BCC) were used as elements of the organizational learning process. Constructs comprising innovativeness are innovative culture, and technical and administrative innovation (innovations). Data were collected from 50 randomly selected Pakistani organizations. The results show significant and positive relationships among all hypothesized variables except for between BCC and innovations.
Simulation of a fixed cylinder in waves using the SWENSE method within a weakly-compressible approach

for the 33th Intl Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies, Guidel-Plages (France), 4-7th April, 2018 Simulation of a fixed cylinder in waves using the SWENSE method within a weakly-compressible approach M. Gouin* , G. Oger 1 and D. Le Touzé 1 1. Ecole Centrale Nantes, LHEEA Research Dept., UMR CNRS 6598, Nantes, France 2. Institut de Recherche Technologique Jules Verne, Bouguenais, France E-mail : maite.gouin@ec-nantes.fr
Intracellular Localization of Processing Events in Human Surfactant Protein B Biosynthesis*

Surfactant protein B (SP-B) is essential to the function of pulmonary surfactant and to alveolar type 2 cell phenotype. Human SP-B is the 79-amino acid product of extensive post-translational processing of a 381-amino acid preproprotein. Processing involves modification of the primary translation product from 39 to 42 kDa and at least 3 subsequent proteolytic cleavages to produce the mature 8-kDa SP-B. To examine the intracellular sites of SP-B processing, we carried out immunofluorescence cytochemistry and inhibitor studies on human fetal lung in explant culture and isolated type 2 cells in monolayer culture using polyclonal antibodies to human SP-B8(Phe201-Met279) and specific epitopes within the N- (NFProx, Ser145-Leu160; NFlank Gln186-Gln200) and C-terminal (CFlank, Gly284-Ser304) propeptides of pro-SP-B. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry using epitope-specific antisera showed colocalization of pro-SP-B with the endoplasmic reticulum resident protein BiP. The 25-kDa intermediate was partially endo H-sensitive, colocalized with the medial Golgi resident protein MG160, and shifted into the endoplasmic reticulum in the presence of brefeldin A, which interferes with anterograde transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. The 9-kDa intermediate colocalized in part with MG160 but not with Lamp-1, a transmembrane protein resident in late endosomes and lamellar bodies. Brefeldin A induced a loss of colocalization between MG160 and NFlank, shifting NFlank immunostaining to a juxtanuclear tubular array. In pulse-chase studies, brefeldin A blocked all processing of 42-kDa pro-SP-B whereas similar studies using monensin blocked the final N-terminal processing event of 9 to 8 kDa SP-B. We conclude that: 1) the first enzymatic cleavage of pro-SP-B to the 25-kDa intermediate is in the brefeldin A-sensitive, medial Golgi; 2) cleavage of the 25-kDa intermediate to a 9-kDa form is a trans-Golgi event that is slowed but not blocked by monensin; 3) the final cleavage of 9 to 8 kDa SP-B is a monensin-sensitive, post-Golgi event occurring prior to transfer of SP-B to lamellar bodies.
Using Model Hierarchies to Better Understand Past Climate Change *

As soon as atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) have been operational for present or future climate studies, they have also been used to simulate past climates. The goal of this type of exercise has always been twofold: 1) to validate the models’ ability to simulate climates different from the present one; 2) to understand the mechanisms that lead to past climate changes depicted by the numerous marine, continental and glaciological records. In the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), the simulations from up to 18 different AGCMs have been compared to climate reconstructions for two periods: the Mid-Holocene, 6,000 years ago, and the Last Glacial Maximum, 21,000 years ago. Examples of the PMIP results for each period are presented here. Then, taking these PMIP results as a basis, we discuss the increasing complexity that can be taken into account in paleoclimate modelling: • Increase in the number of components of the climate system taken into account: complex models can now include not only the atmosphere, but also the oceans and the vegetation, allowing analyses of the feedback from these components onto the atmosphere, of their role in the establishment of climates different from ours. Taking a larger number of climate system components into account allows using more data for the validation of the models rather than for their boundary conditions. • Increase in the duration of the numerical experiments to study climate transitions rather than only equilibria: models including simpler representations of some components of the climate system are less expensive to be run than the comprehensive general circulation models mentioned above and give the opportunity of studying not only climate equilibria, but also climate transitions. The simplicity of this type of models and their low running cost allow the modellers to carry numerous sensitivity experiments to explore the importance of one forcing factor or one parameterisation. • Increase in the spatial scale of the simulations: the resolution of the models used in paleoclimate studies has improved, following the increase of super-computer peformances. However, the spatial scale of global circulation *The whole palaeoclimate modelling team from Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement contributed to the results presented here. Its members are: C. Bonfils, P. Braconnot, S. Charbit, N. De Noblet, S. Joussaume, M. Kageyama, M. Khodri, Y. Leclainche, O. Marti, D. Paillard, G. Ramstein and P. Yiou.
Pollen Grains of Pinus edulis With More Than the Haploid Number of Chromosomes

In 1962 we observed during the germination of pollen that P i n u s e d u l i s produced pollen grains of various sizes. There were two concrescented, round, four concrescented and other forms of pollen grains (F ig . 1). These pollen grains seemed to be non-viable during germination on 1 percent agar and distilleld water. However when verifying the viability of the abnormal pollen grains by 'determining th? hydrogenase activity (CIIIRA, 1963), we olbserved that the pollen was alive. We gave furtlher attention to these abnormalities during the years 1963-1964. We were especially interested in the reasons for the deformations, how they originate, to what extent these pollen grains are viable and what the main differentes are between the normal and abnormal grains.
Trends in Microgrid Control IEEE-PES Task Force on Microgrid Control

The increasing interest in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into microgrids presents major challenges from the viewpoints of reliable operation and control. In this paper, the major issues and challenges in microgrid control are discussed, and a review of state-of-the-art control strategies and trends is presented; a general overview of the main control principles (e.g., droop control, model predictive control, multi-agent systems) is also included. The paper classifies microgrid control strategies into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary, where primary and secondary levels are associated with the operation of the microgrid itself, and tertiary level pertains to the coordinated operation of the microgrid and the host grid. Each control level is discussed in detail in view of the relevant existing technical literature.
Elimination of antipyrine and benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in cultured human lymphocytes

A strong correlation was found in a carefully selected homogenous population (n = 57) between antipyrine plasma half‐life and the percent induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by 3‐methylcholanthrene in mitogen‐stimulated lymphocytes from the same individual. The correlation coefficient of r = −0.923 indicates that antipyrine and benzo[a]pyrene share one or several common determinants that are responsible for the observed interindividual variation in the oxidation rates of the two compounds. When a heterogenous population (n = 80) was studied. the above correlation was not found (r = −0.425).
Identification in Old Handwritten Music Scores

The aim of writer identification is determining the writer of a piece of handwriting from a set of writers. In this paper we present a system for writer identification in old handwritten music scores. Even though an important amount of compositions contains handwritten text in the music scores, the aim of our work is to use only music notation to determine the author. The steps of the system proposed are the following. First of all, the music sheet is preprocessed and normalized for obtaining a single binarized music line, without the staff lines. Afterwards, 100 features are extracted for every music line, which are subsequently used in a k-NN classifier that compares every feature vector with prototypes stored in a database. By applying feature selection and extraction methods on the original feature set, the performance is increased. The proposed method has been tested on a database of old music scores from the 17th to 19th centuries, achieving a recognition rate of about 95%.
Nasal Angiomyolipoma (AML) Mimicking Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Introduction: Angiomyolipoma (AML), a benign mesenchymal tumor that commonly arises from the kidney, may be associated with tuberous sclerosis complex and perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas). Nasal angiomyolipoma is very rare and usually occurs in elderly individuals with epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Case Report: We report a rare case of nasal angiomyolipoma in a young male. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of angiomyolipoma originating from the posterior end of the inferior turbinate, clinically mimicking juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). The tumor was removed completely via coblator-assisted endoscopic sinus surgery. The patient was asymptomatic at a 2-year follow-up. Conclusion: Nasal AML located in the posterior nasal cavity in a male patient can mimic the presentation of JNA. A computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses played an important role in differentiating nasal AML from JNA. The coblator-assisted endoscopic technique is useful in controlling intraoperative hemostasis in the removal of a suspicious vascular tumor.
Sex-Dependent Effects of Emotional Subliminal Visual Stimuli on a Decision-Making Task

How do covert emotional stimuli affect decisionmaking? We investigated this question by exposing participants to subliminal visual stimuli during a computerized version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to assess whether different categories of images (negative, neutral, or positive emotional evaluations) would influence decision-making behavior. Results did show sex-group interactions for IGT scores. In decision learning model simulations, it was found that different models were more appropriate to explain the task performance for different sex-group pairs. Overall, women showed more of an ability to integrate the additive negative signals from the stimuli to make more advantageous decisions than the men; consequently, this made the men more resilient to the negative effects of the positive stimuli on taskperformance. When taken with existing research, the results indicate that subliminal emotional stimuli can have subtle, potentially sex-dependent, effects on behavior during the decision-making process.
Teachers ’ B eliefs about M athematical H orizon C ontent K nowledge

In this article, we present and discuss an example of how teachers’ discussions of mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) items elicited their beliefs about the knowledge needed to teach mathematics. One category of MKT is “horizon content knowledge,” and this can be described as mathematical knowledge not directly deployed in instruction—or knowledge behind as well as ahead of the pupils in an actual teaching situation. Since teachers’ beliefs may influence their teaching and how they approach a professional development course, it is important to study teachers’ epistemic beliefs. The transcripts were analyzed in a three-step content analysis approach, and the results indicate that teachers disregard important aspects of knowledge at the mathematical horizon from their teaching knowledge.
Evolving a Facade-Servicing Quadrotor Ensamble

—The fast evolution of quadrotors paves the way for the application of robotic maintenance on walls and facades. In this work, we present an application-oriented modelling and simulation effort to evolve self-organising behaviour of a set of quadrotors. In particular, we rely on Genetic Programming (GP) to optimise control programs to collaboratively direct the route of autonomous quadrotors across a (vertical) rectangular surface relying on local knowledge only. In order to account for various real-world constraints, we made use of a three-dimensional, physical model that considers battery consumption, collisions, and rudimentary avionics. The evolved control programs that link sensory information to actuation could be executed on the Robot Operating System (ROS) available for numerous robotic systems. Our results show that very simple evolved control programs (moving left until the battery is drained, starting from a random location) perform better than those that we had previously engineered ourselves.
Evidence for improvement in the quality of care given during emergencies in pregnancy, infancy and childhood following training in life-saving skills: a postal survey.

OBJECTIVES To assess the motivational level and use of skills amongst the graduates of training courses on maternal and newborn healthcare in emergency settings. METHODS Postal survey involving Doctors and Nurses from public sector hospitals who attended training courses on Essential Surgical Skills with emphasis on Emergency Maternal and Child Health. RESULTS Ninety percent of respondents reported the use of acquired skills and the structured Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC) approach in handling emergencies. Instances were described where this approach helped to improve practice, simplify treatment and save lives in all age groups, especially mothers and newborns. Lack of equipment and lack of support from higher levels were the common barriers yet many graduates managed to obtain equipment and 81% of respondents reported that these training courses had resulted in better availability or use of supplies at their facilities. Efforts were made by the graduates for institutionalizing the trainings and discussions (88%) were found to be the most common mode followed by formal teaching of the skills (66%). Hand washing was the most commonly used skill followed by the use of bag valve and mask resuscitation in the newborn at birth. Those catering for neonates expressed their confidence in obstetric procedures, while obstetricians described themselves as being self-assured now in neonatal resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of a structured training programme in a resource-constrained healthcare system has improved the emergency management of patients. ESS-EMCH trainings should be incorporated into the district health systems to enhance emergency care handling capacities of healthcare staff, to help them contribute to achieve the MDGs and also for sustainable improvement in maternal, neonatal and child healthcare.