Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Five Water-Cooled Undergarments in Reducing Heat Stress of Vehicle Crewmen Operating in a Hot Wet or Hot Dry Environment

Abstract : The auxiliary cooling provided by five water-cooled undergarments was directly measured on a life-size, sectional manikin. Each water-cooled undergarment was worn with a combat vehicle crewman (CVC) ensemble, with or without a complete chemical protective (CB) suit. Cooling rates (watts) were determined for both dry (non-sweating) and completely wet (maximal sweating) skin conditions. The watts of heat removed from either the dry or the completely wet skin surface were found to be almost directly proportional to the temperature difference between the manikin skin temperature and the cooling water inlet temperature; the cooling represents the absorption of heat directly from the body, plus any heat that is received by the body from a hot environment. The cooling density, expressed in watts of cooling per square meter of cooling tube array, differed with the size of the array and with the location of the skin surface it covered. Comparison between the dry skin and the completely wet skin surface and the completely wet skin cooling rates showed a synergistic effect over those areas covered by a water-cooled undergarment; i.e. the total watts of cooling over a completely wet skin area (head, torso, etc.) minus the expected evaporative heat loss from the same skin area to the environment, were considerably greater than the watts of cooling when the skin was dry.
Understanding Innovation Clusters, An Exploratory Study of Israel and Southern

The main purpose of this explorative master thesis is to describe, explain and understand the main success factors that lie behind the regional innovation system in Silicon Wadi in Israel. This is done in order to suggest some tentative ideas on how to further develop the emerging ICT cluster in Malmo/Lund. Four sub purposes have been applied in order to achieve the main purpose: To understand why Silicon Wadi in Israel has become such a successful and sustainable ICT cluster To benchmark the cluster in Silicon Wadi and the one in Malmo Lund: Which are (or seems to be) the key similarities and differences between Silicon Wadi in Israel and the Malmo/Lund region? To use the benchmarking to propose ideas on how to address some of the challenges that faces Malmo/Lund as a regional innovation system To develop a theoretical framework for exploring and comparing regional innovation systems. Method The study has been conducted mainly through two case studies where the ICT clusters in Silicon Wadi and Malmo/Lund have been studied. The method used to carry out these studies has primarily been literature studies, collecting mainly qualitative data. Theoretical Framework The empirical data has been analyzed with a model developed in this thesis called The Innovation Ecosystem Model. This model is a composition of theories within the theoretical sphere around clusters and innovation systems. The model is an attempt to describe and understand a regional innovation system, or a cluster, in three different dimensions namely Context, Actors and Activities. The context has been analyzed using Michael E. Porter’s diamond model, the actors with the triple helix model and the activities with Charles Edquist’s activity based approach to innovation systems. Conclusions There are many success factors behind the Israeli ICT cluster in Silicon Wadi, but some of the main factors determining the success of the cluster have been focused government initiatives, well developed capital markets, well developed commercialization infrastructure, a focus on high quality R&D and education, the characteristics the military service imposes on the population, a culture well suited for entrepreneurial endeavor and a high degree of international collaboration. In order to create a bright future of the cluster in Malmo/Lund actions needs to be taken on three different levels, societal challenges such as integration problems and high unemployment rates must be addressed, systemic challenges in the innovation system has to be addressed and finally a creative environment has to be built in accordance with Richard Florida’s theories on creative capital. The Israeli cluster can be a role model in addressing mainly the systemic challenges in Malmo/Lund where programs such as Yozma, a venture capital policy program, can be a source of inspiration.
A pilot symbol assisted compensation scheme of fading and frequency offset for 16QAM

Pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) has been proposed to compensate the distortion of the transmission lines. It is mainly targeted at fading such as Rayleigh and Rician. In one of the PSAM techniques, the compensation scheme using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) has characteristics including a simple zero insertion and precise estimation even in fast fading environments. We use this scheme to create a PSAM that compensates fading and carrier frequency offset. This proposed scheme estimates the fading and frequency offset from the received pilot symbols and compensates both of them at the same time. The scheme is introduced, and the examples of applying this to 16QAM are given through computer simulations.
Business Incubators and HTSF Development: Setting an Agenda for Further Research

This chapter places previous incubator-incubation literature within a relevant geographic and policy context, and extracts the reasons for the wide-scale adoption of the incubator model as a new venture creation mechanism. Arguments developed highlight that in the flurry of political lobbying during the 1990s–2000s leading to the rapid expansion of incubators-incubation across the European Union (EU), policy makers, practitioners and researchers alike failed to focus on what is key to understanding incubators’ true impact — internal incubation processes. A review of incubator development and impact at the level of two EU member states, Germany and Italy, is presented. This allows for a clearer context-bound sense of the state-of-art in incubator-incubation research to emerge. In turn it becomes possible to clearly highlight the direction of further research in the area where there is a stalemate between two opposing camps — one which has produced evidence to suggest that incubators make a significant difference in reducing start-up risk, and the other, which believes incubators do not give tax payers value-for-money. Structured in this way, this chapter is able to draw attention to the essential ‘missing ingredient’ in previous research which is key to understanding the impact incubators can have. This ingredient is the dynamics of the internal process of incubation.
Assessment of medium voltage PWM VSI topologies for multi-megawatt variable speed drive applications

This paper reviews various PWM voltage source inverter (VSI) topologies in the power range (3-8 MW). It also examines and compares practical VSI stack topologies used by VSI manufacturers to achieve a high power medium voltage (MV) converter design. Two commercially available IGBT-based PWM VSI converters are briefly described.
Preprocessing synchronized phasor measurement data for spectral analysis of electromechanical oscillations in the Nordic Grid

Summary Spectral analysis techniques have successfully been applied for near real-time monitoring of power system small-signal electromechanical oscillations using synchronized phasor data from PMUs. The methods used for this purpose commonly assume that random load variations adopt the distribution function of Gaussian noise. Hence, careful attention has to be paid so that the preprocessing of synchronized phasor measurements is capable of providing data with the characteristics expected for these methods to work properly. This can be viewed as a “conditioning” step in the data handling process that has an impact on the results from spectral analysis which consume this data. This article aims to revisit the crucial step of preprocessing of PMU data in a tutorial fashion. The goal is to share the authors' experience when dealing with real PMU data originating from the Nordic Grid. This article offers a systematic and detailed methodology developed by the authors which has been successfully used in studies on estimation of electromechanical modes in the Nordic Grid. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new method for handling PV nodes in backward/forward power flow for radial and weakly meshed networks

Besides the good convergence characteristics and robustness, an effective handling of PV nodes is a desirable feature of any power flow method. This paper proposes a new approach for handling PV nodes in the power flow methods for radial and weakly meshed transmission and distribution networks. It concerns the class of power flow methods where backward and forward procedures are the main part. The new approach has been developed without additional assumptions. It automatically determines whether the control generator at PV node should inject current at 90 degrees leading the corresponding node voltage or at 90 degrees lagging the corresponding node voltage. It does not introduce any additional active power at PV nodes and exactly keeps the voltage magnitudes on their scheduled values (if reactive power limits are not violated). In principle, the proposed approach is simple and can be implemented in the existing methods without any difficulties.
Random wound versus form wound on low voltage synchronous generators

Low-voltage generators, less than 600 V, are presently manufactured in random windings up to 1500 kW. The primary reason for using random coils is to reduce cost and increase the mechanization of manufacturing. Even with expensive epoxy resins and vacuum impregnation, the performance capability and endurance to harsh chemical and environmental conditions of random windings are far inferior to form-wound coils. A discussion is presented of the relative merits of form-wound insulation systems versus random-wound systems, from basic construction through actual field conditions. Applications involving 600 V SCR loads are analyzed in detail. <<ETX>>
Target Assignment Based on Hybrid Model Predictive Control

A new target assignment strategy is presented for cooperative interception in a multi-interceptor against multi-target engagement. The target assignment strategy is inspired by hybrid model predictive control. The performance index of target assignment is composed of the prediction of zero-effect-miss (ZEM) and logical variables, which are given in this paper respectively. The strategy is then derived via one-step predictive control. Finally, numerical simulations with different interception conditions are carried out, the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Groundtruthing multibeam bathymetric surveys of finfish aquaculture sites in the Bay d'Espoir Estuarine Fjord, Newfoundland

Current and potential salmonid aquaculture sites in the Bay d'Espoir estuarine fjord on the south coast of Newfoundland were surveyed using multibeam SWATH sonar. In 1997, shallow sites were surveyed using the CSS Puffin EM3000-POS/MV system, and deeper sites were surveyed in 1998 using the CCGS Creed hull mounted EM1000. Sediment cores from representative areas were collected during this period and analyzed for organic matter content, and pore water ammonium and sulfate. We discuss the correlation between the sediment core profiles and the results of the side scan and sun-illuminated bathymetric imagery. Bay d'Espoir is a natural depositional area, and that, coupled with the unique backscatter properties of fish farm wastes, increases the difficulty of interpreting these multibeam sonar images. A fairly accurate broad scale characterization of sediment quality can be made from high-resolution images. However, much of the fine scale detail and inherent variation of sediment characteristics associated with impacts from aquaculture cannot be determined from multibeam imagery.
PENGARUH PENGALAMAN,OTONOMI, PROFESIONALISME, DAN AMBIGUITAS PERAN TERHADAP KINERJA AUDITOR PADA KAP DI DIY

Penelitian ini bersifat ex-post facto dan kausal komparatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) pengaruh Pengalaman terhadap Kinerja Auditor, (2) pengaruh Otonomi terhadap Kinerja Auditor, (3) pengaruh Profesionalisme terhadap Kinerja Auditor, (4) pengaruh Ambiguitas Peran terhadap Kinerja Auditor, dan (5) pengaruh Pengalaman, Otonomi, Profesionalisme, dan Ambiguitas Peran secara bersama-sama terhadap Kinerja Auditor. Populasi penelitian ini adalah auditor yang bekerja pada KAP di DIY. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah auditor yang berjumlah 56 responden pada 7 KAP di DIY. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner atau angket. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji asumsi klasik, regresi sederhana, dan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan Pengalaman terhadap Kinerja Auditor yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai R 2 (x1y) = 0,432,t hitung = 6,413 > t tabel =1,684 dan dengan signifikansi (0,000 t tabel =1,684 dan dengan signifikansi (0,000 t tabel =1,684 dan dengan signifikansi (0,000 t tabel =1,684 dan dengan signifikansi (0,014 F tabel =2,606, nilai signifikansi (0,000 < 0,050). Dengan demikian, keseluruhan hasil analisis ini mendukung hipotesis yang diajukan. Kata Kunci : Pengalaman, Otonomi, Profesionalisme, Ambiguitas Peran, dan Kinerja Auditor
Characteristics of a semiconductor laser pumped brillouin amplifier with electronically controlled bandwidth

We demonstrate the operation of a semiconductor laser pumped fiber Brillouin amplifier. An optical gain of 5.5 dB/mW of pump power is obtained. The 15-MHz intrinsic bandwidth of the amplifier was extended more than one order of magnitude by adding frequency modulation to the pump laser. Bit-error-rate receiver sensitivity measurements with an in-line Brillouin amplifier demonstrate a 16-dB improvement in the system gain at 10 Mbit/s and a 8.5-dB improvement at 90 Mbit/s. Noise calculations show that the amplifier has an excess noise factor of 50-500 depending on the amplifier length and pump power.
Assembly Line Productivity Assessment by Comparing Optimization-Simulation Algorithms of Trajectory Planning for Industrial Robots

In this paper an analysis of productivity will be carried out from the resolution of the problem of trajectory planning of industrial robots. The analysis entails economic considerations, thus overcoming some limitations of the existing literature. Two methodologies based on optimization-simulation procedures are compared to calculate the time needed to perform an industrial robot task. The simulation methodology relies on the use of robotics and automation software called GRASP. The optimization methodology developed in this work is based on the kinematics and the dynamics of industrial robots. It allows us to pose a multiobjective optimization problem to assess the trade-offs between the economic variables by means of the Pareto fronts. The comparison is carried out for different examples and from a multidisciplinary point of view, thus, to determine the impact of using each method. Results have shown the opportunity costs of non using the methodology with optimized time trajectories. Furthermore, it allows companies to stay competitive because of the quick adaptation to rapidly changing markets.
Comparison of hemodynamic parameters among continuous, intermittent and hybrid renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

Backround: The use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with high hemodynamic instability leading to a probable increase in hospital mortality. The aim of this study was to compare hemodynamic parameters among continuous, intermittent and hybrid renal replacement therapy in critical ill patients. Methods: We conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines which was registered at the PROSPERO Database (CRD42018086504). Randomized clinical trials involving patients with AKI in the ICU treated with continuous, intermittent or hybrid RRT were included. We investigated the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, evaluation of methodological quality and data extraction. Results: Out of 3442 citations retrieved, 12 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included, representing 1419 patients. Most of the studies (n=8) did not report or find differences in hemodynamic parameters across different RTT modalities. However, continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) was associated with a reduction in heart rate (after 1 and 4 hours) in comparison with intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) patients. CVVH was also associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure (after 0.5 and 2h) when compared with patients treated with IHD. In addition, dobutamine doses were higher in patients submitted to continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) compared to patients submitted to IHD. Lower baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP), greater MAP variation on dialysis, higher number of pressors at baseline, and increase in pressor dose during dialysis were associated with shorter survival time; and greater MAP variation on dialysis was negatively correlated with renal recovery. Conclusions: Changes in hemodynamic pattern appear be similar in different dialytic methods used in critical ill patients; however continuous venovenous hemofiltration seems be safer than other renal replacement modalities.
Tracing the origin, evolutionary history, and biological functions of CKI genes: a focus on Gossypium spp

Background: Casein kinase I (CKI) is a kind of serine/threonine protein kinase highly conserved in plants and animals. Although molecular function of individual member of CKI family has been investigated in Arabidopsis, little is known about their origin and evolutionary history in the plant kingdom. Results: In this study, seven representative plant species (with a focus on cotton) are applied to study gene family evolution and characterize the origin of CKI genes. Three important insights were gained: (i) the ancestral CKI genes were traced back to 250 million years ago; the family expansion occurred in different plant species through independent genome duplication events; (ii) the CKI genes were classified into two types, on the basis of their structural characteristics; (iii) expression profile analysis revealed that cotton CKI genes had various expression patterns in different tissues and exhibited inducible expression in response to photoperiod (circadian clock), light signal and heat stress during cotton anther development. Conclusion: This study provides genome-wide insights into the evolutionary history of cotton CKI genes and lays a foundation for further investigation of their roles in specific developmental processes and/or environmental stress conditions.
Selection of Tube Samples for Inservice Inspection of Steam Generator Tubes

In Pressurized Water Reactors, a program of periodic inservice inspection of steam generator tubes is set up to monitor the integrity of the tubes. The inservice inspection is performed using nondestructive examination techniques, e.g., eddy current testing. Usually not all the tubes are inspected but the inspection is limited to a sample of tubes. Therefore, the objective of the inservice inspection is to provide reasonable insurance of steam generator tubing integrity. Consequently, the concern is the level of confidence that can be placed in the estimated knowledge about the whole population of the steam generator tubes from the information obtained from the examination of a sample. In replacement steam generators, the number of defective tubes is expected to be very low. The usual sample may then simply be too small to include a defective tube. Hence, the problem is the estimation of the number of defective tubes in the total population given that no defective tubes have been detected in a sample. Using the classical Bayesian method in inverse problem, the analytical estimation of the probability distribution of the number of defective tubes knowing that a random sample of tubes contains no defective tubes is first performed. Then a numerical application is carried out considering a noninformative flat prior distribution and, more specifically, the analytical expression of the estimator of the mean number of defective tubes in the whole population of the steam generator tubes is given. Some approximated analytical Bayesian estimations for other prior distributions are also given. Additionally, the calculations allow also to provide an answer to the question: when performing the inservice inspection of the steam generator tubes, is it sufficient to inspect a random sample from any steam generator or the inspection samples should be taken separately from each steam generator? Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Managing quality requirements in software product development

Software product development companies experience different challenges in managing quality requirements compared to functional requirements. In this context, quality requirements are defined as requirements that describe a restriction on the system, and specify how well the system performs its functions. In a market–driven development context with large markets, potential customers, and strong competitors push the software product development companies to release the software product to a certain market segment at the right time with higher level of quality than the competitors. This thesis focuses on techniques and methods that support software product development companies that release their product to an open market. The goals are to find means to improve the ability to make early estimates of quality requirements with adequate accuracy, such as performance, in order to enhance high–level decision–making. This thesis is based on empirical research, including both quantitative and qualitative research design. The research results include a systematic literature review of empirical studies on quality requirements, which presents the state of research. The results show that there is a gap in the research literature of how cost estimation of quality requirements is conducted. How quality requirements are handled in practice is discovered and described in a survey in requirements engineering for embedded systems. From the survey, issues emerge such as when the quality level is good enough, and how to get quality requirements into projects when functional requirements are prioritized. A case study within the embedded software domain investigates how quality requirements metrics are used in an industrial context, which concludes that for a method to be successful, it is important that it is flexible enough to handle the diverse nature of quality requirements. Finally, a model for cost–benefit analysis of quality requirements, called QUPER, was set into operation in a case study. The intent was to evaluate and improve the model for supporting requirements prioritization and quality requirements roadmapping at early stages of release planning. (Less)