Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of the Total Catechin Content in Oils Extracted from Seeds of Selected Tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze, Theaceae) Clones by RP-HPLC

Catechins (flavan-3-ols) are polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites that have been strongly associated with a wide variety of beneficial health effects in vitro, in vivo and clinically. This study reports findings on the content of catechins in tea seed oil (TSO) extracted by Soxhlet extraction from seeds of different clones of Kenyan tea. Extraction of catechins from the crude oils was achie- ved by sequential liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using methanol and quantified by reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). Results obtained revealed that all the crude test oils contained catechins, with oils extracted from clones TRFK K-Purple and GW-Ejulu having the highest total catechin content of 9.8 ± 0.25 and 9.0 ± 0.83 (×10−3% flavonoids) respectively. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were evident in the total catechin contents of crude oils extracted from tea seeds with those extracted from corn, sunflower and soybean seeds. More- over, clonal variations were evident, as the total catechin contents of oils extracted from clones TRFK K-Purple and GW-Ejulu were statistically different (p < 0.05) from those extracted from clones TRFK 301/3, TRFK 301/4, TRFK 301/5, TRFK 306, TRFK 91/1 and TRFCA SFS 150. Thus, the cur- rent findings strongly suggest that oils from seeds of Kenyan tea cultivars can be a potential source of potent natural antioxidants. * Corresponding author.
Randomly iterated search and statistical competency as powerful inversion tools for deformation source modeling: Application to volcano interferometric synthetic aperture radar data

Received 3 September 2008; revised 19 February 2009; accepted 5 May 2009; published 1 October 2009. [1] Modern geodetic techniques provide valuable and near real-time observations of volcanic activity. Characterizing the source of deformation based on these observations has become of major importance in related monitoring efforts. We investigate two random search approaches, simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithm (GA), and utilize them in an iterated manner. The iterated approach helps to prevent GA in general and SA in particular from getting trapped in local minima, and it also increases redundancy for exploring the search space. We apply a statistical competency test for estimating the confidence interval of the inversion source parameters, considering their internal interaction through the model, the effect of the model deficiency, and the observational error. Here, we present and test this new randomly iterated search and statistical competency (RISC) optimization method together with GA and SA for the modeling of data associated with volcanic deformations. Following synthetic and sensitivity tests, we apply the improved inversion techniques to two episodes of activity in the Campi Flegrei volcanic region in Italy, observed by the interferometric synthetic aperture radar technique. Inversion of these data allows derivation of deformation source parameters and their associated quality so that we can compare the two inversion methods. The RISC approach was found to be an efficient method in terms of computation time and search results and may be applied to other optimization problems in volcanic and tectonic environments.
Trace Metal Contents in the Porites Corals of Peninsular Malaysia

The concentration contents of Ca, Mg, Sr and Zn in Porites corals from Pulau Langkawi, Pulau Redang and Pulau Tioman were presented. The corals were cleaned and the growth rate examined visually. The growth rate of Porites in Malaysia waters was between 5 to 25 mm yr-1 and each band was selected for determining the metal contents using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean values of Ca (42.1 %), Mg (1184 I¼g/g), Sr (6276 I¼g/g) and Zn (60.6 I¼g/g) were calculated from each annual skeleton band representing the yearly growth. Porites coral from Pulau Langkawi shows a high content of Zn (118 I¼g/g) representing the water surrounding the island was highly polluted and also shows the uptake of Sr and Ca in the coral skeleton was related to the content of Zn, where Sr and Ca contents decreases when the concentration of Zn was more than 50 I¼g/g. Terrestrial runoff from Sumatera and west coast of Peninsular Malaysia are presumed to be the cause of pollution in Malacca Straits.
Joint Life‐Cycle Dynamics of New and Remanufactured Products

Many products considered for remanufacturing are durables that exhibit a well‐pronounced product life cycle—they diffuse gradually through the market. The remanufactured product, which is a cheaper substitute for the new product, is often put on the market during the life cycle of the new product and affects its sales dynamics. In this paper, we study the integrated dynamic management of a portfolio of new and remanufactured products that progressively penetrate a potential market over the product life cycle. To this end, we extend the Bass diffusion model in a way that maintains the two essential features of remanufacturing settings: (a) substitution between new and remanufactured products, and (b) a constraint on the diffusion of remanufactured products due to the limited supply of used products that can be remanufactured. We identify characteristics of the diffusion paths of new and remanufactured products. Finally, we analyze the impact of levers such as remanufacturability level, capacity profile and reverse channel speed on profitability.
OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF AN INLINE VOLTAGE REGULATOR ON A SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Inline Voltage Regulators such as tap changers have been widely deployed to correct voltage drop across a typical distribution feeder. Their optimal placements (e.g., to minimize worst-case voltage drop) are well studied problems. However, with the advent of variable generation (solar, wind, etc.), some feeders can exhibit reverse power flow and consequently voltage rise. Moreover, by nature, solar and wind power output can change quickly, thereby causing wild swings in the voltage profile in a matter of seconds. This paper addresses the problem of how to place an inline Voltage Regulator to simultaneously address BOTH voltage drop and voltage rise on the same feeder. We present a fast graphical method that not only determines the optimal placement (minimizing worst-case voltage excursion), but also gives valuable insights into the limiting factors and the effects of perturbing various parameters of the given feeder. We also applied the method to two generic German feeders.
Vibration Analysis of an Initially Pre-stressed Rotating Carbon Nanotube Employing Differential Transform Method

Abstract: In this paper, nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is employed for transverse vibration analysis of an initially pre-stressed size-dependent rotating nanotube. The nonlocal Eringen theory takes into account the effect of small size, which enables the present model to become effective in the analysis and design of nanosensors and nanoactuators. Governing equations are derived through Hamilton’s principle and they are solved applying semi analytical differential transform method (DTM). It is demonstrated that the DTM has high precision and computational efficiency in the vibration analysis of nanotubes. The good agreement between the results of this article and those available in literature validated the presented approach. The detailed mathematical derivations are presented and numerical investigations are performed while the emphasis is placed on investigating the effect of the several parameters such as preload stress, hub radius, angular velocity and small scale parameter on vibration behaviour rotating nanotubes in detail. It is explicitly shown that the vibration of a spinning nanotube is significantly influenced by these effects. Keywords: Spinning carbon nanotube; Vibration; Differential Transform method; Nonlocal Elasticity Theory
Shaking Table Test and Seismic Performance Evaluation of Shanghai Tower

Shanghai Tower is a super high-rise building of 632 m height with ‘mega frame-core- outrigger truss’ structure system. Due to the complexity and irregularity of structure, shaking table test was carried out to investigate its seismic performance. A 1/ 40 scaled test model was designed, built and tested on shaking table under earthquake of small, moderate and large levels. The experimental results showed that the structure can meet the requirements of Chinese codes and reach scheduled performance objectives. Elastic and plastic time-history analysis on the structure were carried out and the results were compared to experimental results. Based on the research results some suggestions were proposed to contribute favorable effect on the seismic capacity of the structure.
The Co-production of Biomedical Research in Canada: Are Scientists Ready to Take the Plunge? An Empirical Example from Food Allergy Research

End-user involvement in research through collaborative research models, known as Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) in Canadian health, can improve recruitment, quality, relevance and acceptability of research. Despite potential benefits, application to biomedical research remains rare. This study aims to explore baseline knowledge, attitude and practices of Canadian biomedical scientists towards IKT as a foundation for a funded program of research related to causes and treatments of an emerging public health epidemic. A qualitative methodology was used. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with all 16 scientists on the GET-FACTS project. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic content analysis was performed on the data. Findings highlight the limited exposure of biomedical scientists to IKT activities. Though Knowledge Translation (KT) was a term familiar to participants, most described it as end of grant activity (not 'integrated'). A majority of participants expressed that their research could take on a new direction or focus with the input of end-users, would prove to be a valuable research tool, and that IKT could help researchers think creatively about problems. All participants acknowledged challenges associated with this approach to research. We argue that biomedical scientists are open and eager to engaging in IKT but are held back by a lack of concrete examples and experiences to draw on. Integrating end-users and research scientists is an important step in ensuring end-users receive the research knowledge they require and that research is created to address their pressing needs.
Sense and Reference in the Translation of Legal Documents

Legal language, as a language for special purposes, contains terms or concepts that are peculiar to that language because of the history and cultural development of the legal system to which that language pertains. This means that there are terms that can only be understood (or have meaning) in the context of that legal culture and language. Furthermore, a legal term or concept in one language may not have a corresponding term (or referent) in another language. Thus, legal concepts or terms have a particular meaning to readers of a particular legal culture, as well as having a referential function, in that they denote a certain legal concept or notion that has developed in that culture, which emphasizes the specialized nature of the relevant legal language. For this reason, scholars have defined legal terms as “cultural items”. Legal translators are faced with the asymmetry of legal systems and the resulting incongruity of legal concepts and terms. This problem arises as legal terms are embedded in the legal culture in which they have developed. Many scholars now assert that a detailed knowledge of both source and target legal terminology and cultures is essential when translating legal texts. As a key to obtaining the required knowledge that such an approach demands, this paper will explore the possibility that legal concepts and terms, are able to be viewed or treated as if they were proper names, as they have a specific meaning and a referential function to a specific concept, in a given legal language or culture. This possibility emerges from a re-evalution of the definition of proper names that has been undertaken in recent times. From this re-evaluation a theory has emerged that posits that words or expressions previously not considered as proper names, can now potentially be viewed as such. With particular regard to the concepts of sense and reference, I will apply this hypothesis in analysing the translation of legal documents from English to Italian and vice versa.
WHAT DETERMINES E-LOYALTY? AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING ON-LINE CUSTOMER RETENTION

The objective of this research was to identify, assess and rank the determinants of e-Loyalty for the benefit of online stores so that they may have a better understanding as to what factors customers consider most important when deciding whether or not to remain loyal to the online store. 13 determinants of Customer Loyalty were identified from examining previous literature in e-commerce and related fields. 137 respondents were surveyed, by means of an online web-based questionnaire, to examine their opinions on these factors and how they rate their importance in comparison with other factors. This research has shown that the most important factors that are involved in a customer’s decision to remain loyal to an online store are Security and Privacy, Convenience, Web Usability, Perceived Value, Fulfillment and Trust. It was also found that some factors such as price greatly override others as well as the fact that a customer’s loyalty is dependent upon the competitive nature of the industry and the nature of the goods in question.
The central region of M31 observed with XMM-Newton (I. Group properties and diffuse emission)

We present the results of a study based on an XMM-Newton Performance Verification observation of the central 30 arcmin of the nearby spiral galaxy M31. In the 34-ks European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) exposure, we detect 116 sources down to a limiting luminosity of 6 x 10^35 erg/s (0.3--12 keV, d = 760 kpc). The luminosity distribution of the sources detected with XMM-Newton flattens at luminosities below ~ 2.5 x 10^37 erg/s. We make use of hardness ratios for the detected sources in order to distinguish between classes of objects such as super-soft sources and intrinsically hard or highly absorbed sources. We demonstrate that the spectrum of the unresolved emission in the bulge of M31 contains a soft excess which can be fitted with a ~ 0.35-keV optically-thin thermal-plasma component clearly distinct from the composite point-source spectrum. We suggest that this may represent diffuse gas in the centre of M31, and we illustrate its extent in a wavelet-deconvolved image.
Factors Affecting Higher Order Thinking Skills of Students: A Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling Study.

The purpose of the research is to develop and identify the validity of factors affecting higher order thinking skills (HOTS) of students. The thinking skills can be divided into three types: analytical, critical, and creative thinking. This analysis is done by applying the meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) based on a database of 166 primary empirical studies. The research results assert the theories and bring conceptual and empirical clarity to the factors affecting HOTS of students and also give readers an understanding of the magnitude and significance of relationships among the variables in the model. MASEM results confirm that classroom environment, psychological and intellectual characteristics of students have direct effects on HOTS (96.8% explained variance). Whereas, the family characteristic had insignificant effects on HOTS but they had indirect effects on HOTS through psychological characteristic. Furthermore, we show that the most direct effects on HOTS were psychological characteristic, classroom environment and intellectual characteristic, respectively. This study provided a holistic view on the relationship of factors affecting HOTS and proposed a direction for future research and practice. Key words: Higher order thinking skills, meta-analytic structural equation modeling, classroom environment, family characteristic, psychological characteristic, intellectual characteristic.
Testing Measurement Invariance Across Groups in Longitudinal Data: Multigroup Second-Order Latent Growth Model

In latent growth modeling, measurement invariance across groups has received little attention. Considering that a group difference is commonly of interest in social science, a Monte Carlo study explored the performance of multigroup second-order latent growth modeling (MSLGM) in testing measurement invariance. True positive and false positive rates in detecting noninvariance across groups in addition to bias estimates of major MSLGM parameters were investigated. Simulation results support the suitability of MSLGM for measurement invariance testing when either forward or iterative likelihood ratio procedure is applied.
Automatic Essay Scoring in E-learning System Using LSA Method with N-Gram Feature for Bahasa Indonesia

In the world of education, e-learning system is a system that can be used to support the educational process. E-learning system is usually used by educators to learners in evaluating learning outcomes. In the process of evaluating learning outcomes in the e-learning system, the form type of exam questions that are often used are multiple choice and short stuffing. For exam questions in the form of essays are rarely used in the evaluation process of educational because of the difference in the subjectivity and time consuming in the assessment process. In this design aims to create an automatic essay scoring feature on e-learning system that can be used to support the learning process. The method used in automatic essay scoring is Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) with n-gram feature. The evaluation results of the design features automatic essay scoring showed that the accuracy of the average achieved in the amount of 78.65 %, 58.89 %, 14.91 %, 71.37 %, 64.49 % in the LSA unigram, bigram, trigram, unigram + bigram, unigram + bigram + trigram.
AN INTERTEMPORAL GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF ASSET PRICES

This paper develops a continuous time general equilibrium model of a simple but complete economy and uses it to examine the behavior of asset prices. In this model, asset prices and their stochastic properties are determined endogenously. One principal result is a partial differential equation which asset prices must satisfy. The solution of this equation gives the equilibrium price of any asset in terms of the underlying real variables in the economy. IN THIS PAPER, we develop a general equilibrium asset pricing model for use in applied research. An important feature of the model is its integration of real and financial markets. Among other things, the model endogenously determines the stochastic process followed by the equilibrium price of any financial asset and shows how this process depends on the underlying real variables. The model is fully consistent with rational expectations and maximizing behavior on the part of all agents. Our framework is general enough to include many of the fundamental forces affecting asset markets, yet it is tractable enough to be specialized easily to produce specific testable results. Furthermore, the model can be extended in a number of straightforward ways. Consequently, it is well suited to a wide variety of applications. For example, in a companion paper, Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross [7], we use the model to develop a theory of the term structure of interest rates. Many studies have been concerned with various aspects of asset pricing under uncertainty. The most relevant to our work are the important papers on intertemporal asset pricing by Merton [19] and Lucas [16]. Working in a continuous time framework, Merton derives a relationship among the equilibrium expected rates of return on assets. He shows that when investment opportunities are changing randomly over time this relationship will include effects which have no analogue in a static one period model. Lucas considers an economy with homogeneous individuals and a single consumption good which is produced by a number of processes. The random output of these processes is exogenously determined and perishable. Assets are defined as claims to all or a part of the output of a process, and the equilibrium determines the asset prices. Our theory draws on some elements of both of these papers. Like Merton, we formulate our model in continuous time and make full use of the analytical tractability that this affords. The economic structure of our model is somewhat similar to that of Lucas. However, we include both endogenous production and
Effects of using Fundations to teach phonics skills with fourth grade students with exceptional learning needs

iv List of Tables.vii Chapter 1: Introduction.1 Chapter 2: Review of Literature.5 Phonics Instruction.6 Phonics Instruction for Students in Grade Four and Beyond.6 Strategies for Teaching Phonics Skills.8 Syllabication.12 Fluency.13 Direct and Explicit Phonics Instruction.14 Phonics Instruction in Grades K-3.16 Summary.20 Chapter 3: Methodology.21 Setting and Participants.21 Participant 1.22 Participant 2.22 Participant 3.23 Procedure.23 Research Design.25 Chapter 4: Results.26 Group Results.26 Individual Results.32
Development of SHRIMP

The advent of SHRIMP, the Sensitive High Mass-Resolution Ion Microprobe, defines a milestone in Australian geochronology. SHRIMP was the first ion microprobe dedicated to geological isotopic analysis and opened up zircon geochronology to in situ analysis where single domains could be directly targeted. The ease and simplicity of the SHRIMP procedures facilitated rapid analyses of zircon populations. In Archean quartzites of Western Australia Hadean (>4 Ga), zircons were discovered as one of the first scientific reports from SHRIMP. The Hadean zircons gave access to the early history of the Earth and represent a unique resource for determining processes operating during this period. SHRIMP has often been regarded as an instrument solely for U–Pb geochronology, but applications in stable-isotope analysis, cosmochemistry, and trace-element abundance measurements were all parts of the early development. Advances in SHRIMP design have proceeded to enable multiple collection, stable-isotope analysis through negative ion measurement, and construction of different versions of SHRIMP for specific applications. The reverse geometry SHRIMP RG design allows ultra-high mass resolution, whereas the SHRIMP SI will allow a dedicated stable-isotope instrument for light elements.
Entrepreneurial Orientation among Large Firms in Malaysia: Contingent Effects of Hostile Environments

This research's aim is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions on firm performance of large companies in Malaysia. In addition, the moderating effect of environmental hostility to these relationships was also examined. The entrepreneurial orientation is recognized as the driver of growth and profitability. In order to analyze the data, this study employed Partial Least Square (PLS). Objective data was used to measure the firm performance whilst subjective data was used to measure the independent and moderating variables. The findings showed that innovativeness and risk taking affect firm performance positively. In contrast, proactiveness did not. However, when business environment is perceived as hostile, proactiveness affects firm performance positively. The key contribution of this study is the empirical evidence on the importance of being entrepreneurial among large firms in Malaysia, which comprise of public listed companies.