Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Dietary Protein Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review of Human Trials

This systematic review examined the effects of whole protein and commonly consumed amino acid supplements on markers of exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress and was reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception until June 2021. The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials in humans, healthy adult participants (≥18 years), dietary protein/amino acid interventions, and measurements of oxidative stress/the redox status or inflammation post-exercise. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias 2 tool was used to critically appraise the studies. Data extracted from thirty-four studies were included in the systematic review (totaling 757 participants with only 10 females; age range 19–40 years). The included trials examined five types of whole protein and seven different amino acids supplements; most studies (n = 20) failed to identify statistically significant effects on markers of inflammation or oxidative stress after exercise; some (n = 14) showed either anti-inflammatory or antioxidant effects on some, but not all, markers. In conclusion, we found weak and inconsistent evidence that dietary protein/amino acid interventions can modify exercise-induced changes in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, given that these were not the primary outcomes in many of the included studies and many had design limitations, further research is warranted (Open Science Framework registration number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/AGUR2).
Design of a Novel Patch Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Side Lobe Reduction

The design of an efficient and directive small size antenna, for modern wireless applications, is a major challenge. This paper introduces the design and simulation of new method to enhance the gain and side lobe reduction that improve the performance of a conventional microstrip patch antenna. In this work three models were discussed and analyzed. The first model consists of a reference patch antenna plus superstrate-1 of different thickness. Modification of this model by adding square copper ring represents the second model. In the third model a second superstrate on the top of the square copper ring was added. Simulation results illustrate that the first model gives a small enhancement for the gain and side lobe reduction, only gain enhancement was obtained in the second model and greater enhancement was achieved for the performance of the patch antenna in the third model.
Efficient evaluation of spatial-domain MoM matrix entries in the analysis of planar stratified geometries

An efficient hybrid method for evaluation of spatial-domain method-of-moments (MoM) matrix entries is presented in this paper. It has already been demonstrated that the introduction of the closed-form Green's functions into the MoM formulation results in a significant computational improvement in filling up MoM matrices and, consequently, in the analysis of planar geometries. To achieve further improvement in the computational efficiency of the MoM matrix entries, a hybrid method is proposed in this paper and, through some examples, it is demonstrated that it provides significant acceleration in filling up MoM matrices while preserving the accuracy of the results.
A dispersive boundary condition for microstrip component analysis using the FD-TD method

A dispersive absorbing boundary condition (DBC) which allows the dispersion characteristics of waves to be used as a criterion for designing absorbing boundary conditions is presented. Its absorbing quality is superior to that of the presently used Mur's first-order boundary condition for microstrip component analysis, and its implementation is much simpler when compared to that of the super boundary condition treatment. Due to the significant performance improvement of the new boundary condition, the memory requirement can be reduced greatly when applying this boundary condition to microstrip component analysis. >
Analyzing the Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale in Vehicle Crashes by Using a Logistic Normal Model

This paper presents a model centered on the estimation of the maximum abbreviated injury scale–based injury predicting models by using a logistic normal model with random effects. The study identified energy equivalent speed, collision type, crash year, location, driver's age, and gender for the analysis of the gravity in vehicle crashes. The study showed that the collision type variable was modeled better by random effects than by fixed effects and that energy equivalent speed, crash year, location, driver's age, and gender were contributing factors with fixed effects to the injury severity. Therefore, the authors took advantage of the mixed logit model's ability to account for unobserved effects that are difficult to quantify and may affect the model estimation. Crashes from the database of detailed studies of personal accidents occurring from 1991 to 2010 in France were used. The estimation of the parameters (fixed and random effects) was performed by several approximation methods. Energy equivalent speed was found to be, by far, the most significant variable. If drivers age 75 and older were considered as a reference, drivers in the 25-to-34 age bracket were significant contributors and were followed by those in the 35-to-44 age bracket and then by those in the 55-to-65 age bracket. In addition, vehicles that crashed between 1995 and 1999 were more significant contributors than were those in the reference period, 1991 to 1994. For assessment of the performance of the model proposed, a binary logit model was compared with the mixed logit by means of cross validation. The obtained results revealed that the logistic normal mixed model is preferred because it detects more vehicle crashes with serious injuries than does the classic logistic regression model.
Free Vibration of Flax Braided Fabric PLA Beam under Edge Compression

ABSTRACT The present study focuses on the development of biodegradable composites to replace synthetic polymer-based composites for potential lightweight structural applications in the automobile, aeronautical, marine, and packaging industries. Initially, PLA and NFBF/PLA films are prepared by solution casting, and from these films, composite laminates are prepared by film sequencing and compression (hot-press) molding methods. First, the critical buckling load (Pcr ) of composites is analyzed, and then, the influence of compressive load on natural frequency is studied. The critical buckling load-bearing capacity of PLA is enhanced with the reinforcement of NFBF (natural fiber braided yarn fabric). The composite with three layers of NFBF registered the highest critical-buckling load (Pcr ) of 374.19 N, and this value is 172.13% high compared to the virgin PLA. Similarly, the natural frequency of the NFBF composites approaches minimum when the applied load is equal to the corresponding Pcr . However, a significant increase in the fundamental frequency is noticed when the applied load is higher than the Pcr .
Household Food Security and Associated Factors among Portuguese Children

ABSTRACT This study investigated the household food insecurity (HFI) among Portuguese children following the last world financial crisis. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 4737 Portuguese children (3–11 yrs). Socio-demographics, food insecurity, and household geographic location were assessed via questionnaire. Nutritional status was measured. Following the economic crisis, 14.2% of school children and 12.0% of preschool children experienced HFI. Preschool children having parents with low and medium parental education (paternal: OR = 4.4; 95% CI 2.7–7.1 and OR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.5–3.6; maternal: OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.4–3.5 and OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.3), living in the south (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.0–2.0) and being overweight/obese (OR = 1.1; 95% CI 0.7–1.3) were more likely to experience HFI than food secure household peers. Higher OR of belonging to a food insecure household were observed in school-aged children with low and medium parental education (paternal: OR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.9–4.6 and OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.1–2.5; maternal: OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.6–3.9 and OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.6–3.3), living in Coimbra (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.1–2.6) and being overweight/obese (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 0.8–1.5) compared to food secure household peers. Data are instructive and support the need to increase awareness of HFI, reduce its incidence in overweight/obese children from low socio-economic status families and specific geographic areas, and increase food availability based on local ecology.
Basic Psychological Needs, Depression, and Life Satisfaction among the Elderly

: This study examined the relationship between basic psychological needs and satisfaction with life among the elderly in rural area in the Phillipines. Findings revealed that elderly indicated that their basic psychological needs are generally satisfied:. The results show that of the psychological needs autonomy (M =4.82, SD=0.94), competence ( M=4.94, SD=1.08 ), and relatedness ( M=5.46, SD=1.03 ) are generally satisfied. Additionally, respondents reported general satisfaction with life mean score ( M=25.90, SD=0.37 ). The respondents of this study report that they are generally satisfied with their quality of life, achievement, and past experiences This study also revealed that basic psychological needs do not significantly predict life satisfaction. It is recommended that other factors be investigated which could potentially predict life satisfaction.
Parental provisioning drives brain size in birds

Large brains support numerous cognitive adaptations and therefore may appear to be highly beneficial. Nonetheless, the high energetic costs of brain tissue may have prevented the evolution of large brains in many species. This problem may also have a developmental dimension: juveniles, with their immature and therefore poorly performing brains, would face a major energetic hurdle if they were to pay for the construction of their own brain, especially in larger-brained species. Here we explore the possible role of parental provisioning for the development and evolution of adult brain size in birds. A comparative analysis of 1,176 bird species shows that various measures of parental provisioning (precocial vs altricial state at hatching, relative egg mass, time spent provisioning the young) strongly predict relative brain size across species. The parental provisioning hypothesis also provides an explanation for the well-documented but so far unexplained pattern that altricial birds have larger brains than precocial ones. We therefore conclude that the evolution of parental provisioning allowed species to overcome the seemingly insurmountable energetic constraint on growing large brains, which in turn enabled bird species to increase survival and population stability. Because including adult eco-and socio-cognitive predictors only marginally improved the explanatory value of our models, these findings also suggest that the traditionally assessed cognitive abilities largely support successful parental provisioning. Our results therefore indicate that the cognitive adaptations underlying successful parental provisioning also provide the behavioral flexibility facilitating reproductive success and survival. Significance Statement The young of large brained species, if left to grow their own brain, would face a seemingly insurmountable energetic constraint, because brain tissue is energetically costly but adequate cognitive benefits arise only after a delay. We therefore hypothesize that protracted parental provisioning was a precondition for the evolution of large brains. Comparative analyses of 1,176 bird species confirmed that parental provisioning strongly predicts variation in relative brain size, suggesting that these two traits coevolved. These results provide the first explanation for the well-known difference in relative brain size between altricial and precocial birds. They also cast doubt on the explanatory value of previously considered social or technological cognitive abilities, suggesting we rethink our approach to cognitive evolution.
Analysis of traffic crash data in Kentucky : 2001-2005.

This report documents an analysis of traffic crash data in Kentucky for the years of 2001 through 2005. A primary objective of this study was to determine average crash statistics for Kentucky highways. Average and critical numbers and rates of crashes were calculated for various types of highways in rural and urban areas. These data can be used in Kentucky's procedure to identify locations that have abnormal rates or numbers of crashes. The other primary objective of this study was to provide data that can be used in the preparation of the problem identification portion of Kentucky's Annual Highway Safety Plan. County and city crash statistics were analyzed. A summary of results and recommendations in several problem identification areas is presented. These general areas include: alcohol involvement, occupant protection, speed, teenage drivers, pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycles, trucks, and vehicle defects. Other areas included in the analysis for which specific recommendations were not made include drug involvement, school bus crashes, and train crashes. The crash data are now contained in the Collision Report Analysis for Safer Highways (CRASH) data base. This data base is updated daily so the number of crashes in a given calendar year will continue to change for a substantial time after the end of that year.
Pharmacological prevention of post‐operative pancreatitis: systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials on animal studies

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a significant complication of pancreatic resection with recent evidence showing a strong association between post‐operative pancreatitis and subsequent development of POPF. Incidence and severity of pancreatitis following endoscopic therapy has been effectively reduced with indomethacin prophylaxis, however further agents require evaluation. We present a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis of the prophylactic treatment with corticosteroids or n‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) of induced pancreatitis in rodent models.
The desiǵn and application of a computer model to select optimum machine tool resources

The cost of component production is strongly influenced by a range of management decisions. For example, which machine should be used? ; How many should be made? ; What quantity should be held in stores? In a recessionary climate, these questions usually result in a decision to reduce work-in-progress (WIP) by processing smaller batches. However, such a strategy inevitably increases other costs, for example, handling and setting costs. Conversely, the necessity for frequent design changes increases the likelihood of stock becoming obsolete, further strengthening the case for reducing batch sizes. To alleviate the above problems, and achieve a quantifiable answer to the question, ‘Which type of machine should be used? ’ and ‘What should be the batch quantity? ’. a computer-based, multi-variable costing model has been established. For a defined component, or class of component, the model developed selects the appropriate machine tool and batch size, the selection procedure being based on an analysis of costs Ad.
Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Whether the gut microbiome in obesity is characterized by lower diversity and altered composition at the phylum or genus level may be more accurately investigated using high-throughput sequencing technologies. We conducted a systematic review in PubMed and Embase including 32 cross-sectional studies assessing the gut microbiome composition by high-throughput sequencing in obese and non-obese adults. A significantly lower alpha diversity (Shannon index) in obese versus non-obese adults was observed in nine out of 22 studies, and meta-analysis of seven studies revealed a non-significant mean difference (−0.06, 95% CI −0.24, 0.12, I2 = 81%). At the phylum level, significantly more Firmicutes and fewer Bacteroidetes in obese versus non-obese adults were observed in six out of seventeen, and in four out of eighteen studies, respectively. Meta-analyses of six studies revealed significantly higher Firmicutes (5.50, 95% 0.27, 10.73, I2 = 81%) and non-significantly lower Bacteroidetes (−4.79, 95% CI −10.77, 1.20, I2 = 86%). At the genus level, lower relative proportions of Bifidobacterium and Eggerthella and higher Acidaminococcus, Anaerococcus, Catenibacterium, Dialister, Dorea, Escherichia-Shigella, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Megasphera, Prevotella, Roseburia, Streptococcus, and Sutterella were found in obese versus non-obese adults. Although a proportion of studies found lower diversity and differences in gut microbiome composition in obese versus non-obese adults, the observed heterogeneity across studies precludes clear answers.
Changing the Rules of Play in Long Beach, California: Smart Cities, Infrastructure, and the Well-Played Game

ABSTRACT Drawing on insights from focus group interviews (n = 82) conducted during the development of Long Beach, California’s Smart City Strategic Initiative (SCSI), we examine the extent to which the four guiding principles of the SCSI correspond to Long Beach residents’ perceptions and concerns about the smart city: design for equity; earn public interest; cultivate local expertise; build civic resilience. Participants expressed widespread wariness of the fairness of smart city technologies. We find that Bernard De Koven’s theory of the well-played game constitutes a promising framework for the fair deployment and maintenance of smart city technologies. Based on De Koven’s work and participant insights, we provide a series of empirically-grounded and theoretically informed implications for design intended to leverage the collaborative spirit of play communities in the design of smart cities.
Electrochemical and Mechanistic Study of Reactivities of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Tocopherol toward Electrogenerated Superoxide in N,N-Dimethylformamide through Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer

Scavenging of superoxide radical anion (O2•−) by tocopherols (TOH) and related compounds was investigated on the basis of cyclic voltammetry and in situ electrolytic electron spin resonance spectrum in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Quasi-reversible dioxygen/O2•− redox was modified by the presence of TOH, suggesting that the electrogenerated O2•− was scavenged by α-, β-, γ-TOH through proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), but not by δ-TOH. The reactivities of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-TOH toward O2•− characterized by the methyl group on the 6-chromanol ring was experimentally confirmed, where the methyl group promotes the PCET mechanism. Furthermore, comparative analyses using some related compounds suggested that the para-oxygen-atom in the 6-chromanol ring is required for a successful electron transfer (ET) to O2•− through the PCET. The electrochemical and DFT results in dehydrated DMF suggested that the PCET mechanism involves the preceding proton transfer (PT) forming a hydroperoxyl radical, followed by a PCET (intermolecular ET–PT). The O2•− scavenging by TOH proceeds efficiently along the PCET mechanism involving one ET and two PTs.
Face Mask: A Novel Material for Protection against Bacteria/Virus

Facemask is defined as a loose-fitting device which creates a physical barrier between the mouth and nose of the individual wearing mask and likely pollutants in the immediate environment. Evolution of severe viral respiratory infectious agents such as pandemic COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome, pandemic influenza and avian influenza has driven the use of protective face masks by public and health workers. In this chapter, characteristics features and uses of different types of masks are discussed. Characteristics of various nonwoven technologies for manufacturing face masks are also discussed. Test methods and recent developments in face masks are briefly covered.
Intra‐cluster aggregation aware routing for distributed training in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), wireless sensor nodes can be equipped with deep neural network accelerators to deal with the computation challenges in distributed training. However, the communication overhead of distributed training and the limited battery capacity of sensor nodes still impedes the broad deployment of distributed training applications. This article investigates the distributed training in WSNs by formulating an aggregation‐aware routing problem into a non‐linear integer programming problem. The objective of the formulated problem is to reduce the training time using data aggregation‐aware routing under the constraints of memory size and energy cost. Meanwhile, the NP‐Hardness of the formulated problem is proved in this article. Then, an intra‐cluster aggregation‐aware routing algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm accelerates the transmission of the data packet by integrating the K‐Means clustering and shortest path routing to choose the aggregators and the route paths. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms two classical clustering routing algorithms UC‐LEACH and K‐Means by 29% and 37% in terms of average training time, and reducing the energy consumption by 21% and 15%, respectively.
Raising Children in Risk Neighborhoods from Chile: Examining the Relationship between Parenting Stress and Parental Adjustment

Introduction: Parenting stress and parental adjustment could implicate key differences in the relational dynamics that parents establish with their children, particularly when families come from vulnerable social contexts. Method: Participants were 142 fathers and mothers from a risk neighborhood of Chile. The variables examined were parenting stress (parental distress, parent–child dysfunctional interaction and difficult child) and parental adjustment (depression, anxiety, and stress). Parents also completed a sociodemographic characterization survey. The statistical analyses were a correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Overall, not all components of parenting stress were related to parental adjustment. Only parental distress was found as a significant predictor of poor parental adjustment (greater depression, anxiety, and stress), but not parent–child dysfunctional interaction and having a difficult child. Conclusions: The present study findings highlight the influence of stress on parenting as a relevant dimension of research for the improvement of the intervention deployed by the state regarding the protection of vulnerable Chilean children, providing multiple clinical and psychosocial applications for research and intervention purposes.