Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction, detection, and observation of rotorcraft pilot coupling

Unmasking Aircraft and Rotorcraft Pilot Couplings (A/RPC) prior to vehicle entry into service has been a long standing challenge in the Aerospace Industry. A/RPCs, often only exposed through unpredictable or very specifc circumstances have arisen throughout the history of manned powered ight, and have required short-term 'fixes' to ensure system safety. One of the reasons for this occurrence is th lack of detailed practice regarding the prediction and detection of RPCs prior to full-scale testing. Often in simulation, A/RPCs are only investigated once problems have been experienced during other aircraft qualifcation activities. This is a particular issue for the rotorcraft community, where system sophistication is 'catching-up' with their fixed-wing counterparts. This research helps to extend the state-of-art knowledge surrounding the exposure of RPCs prior to any catastrophic occurrences, through the introduction of novel tools for use both in the rotorcraft design process and beyond. Using key definitions and findings from previous research efforts, objective and subjective measures have been developed for use in both real-time piloted flight and for pre- or post-flight analysis. These tools have been designed to compliment one another, in a process that should reduce the susceptibility to RPC in future rotorcraft. Novel tools developed have been tested through real-time piloted simulation, with results allowing RPC susceptibility boundaries and regions to be identified. Application of all tools developed, both subjective and objective, have been validated through comparison with existing methods. This work provides novel methods to quantify both the propensity of pilot-vehicle systems to RPCs, and the severity of these interactions. Methods have been designed with simplicity of use in mind, whereby they can be applied to vehicles of different configuration, are applicable to a wide range of RPCs, and are easily understandable for prospective users. It is believed that research contained within can contribute to the realisation of European Commission 2020 objectives, by helping to reduce the average accident rate of global aircraft operators.
Expert on chondritic meteorites, esp. chondrule formation

Particle size distributions in chondritic meteorites: evidence for pre-planetesimal histories. Abstract: Magnesium-rich silicate chondrules and calcium-, aluminum-rich refractory inclusions (CAIs) are fundamental components of primitive chondritic meteorites. It has been suggested that concentration of these early-formed particles by nebular sorting processes may lead to accretion of planetesimals, the planetary bodies that represent the building blocks of the terrestrial planets. In this case, the size distributions of the particles may constrain the accretion process. Here we present new particle size distribution data for Northwest Africa 5717, a primitive ordinary chondrite (ungrouped 3.05) and the well-known carbonaceous chondrite Allende (CV3). Instead of the relatively narrow size distributions obtained in previous studies (Ebel et al., 2016; Friedrich et al., 2015; Paque and Cuzzi, 1997, and references therein), we observed broad size distributions for all particle types in both meteorites. Detailed microscopic image analysis of Allende shows differences in the size distributions of chondrule subtypes, but collectively these subpopulations comprise a composite "chondrule" size distribution that is similar to the broad size distribution found for CAIs. Also, we find accretionary 'dust' rims on only a subset (~15-20%) of the chondrules contained in Allende, which indicates that subpopulations Abstract Magnesium-rich silicate chondrules and calcium-, aluminum-rich refractory inclusions 26 (CAIs) are fundamental components of primitive chondritic meteorites. It has been suggested of various subgroups of particles, both with and without fine grained rims, implies a common size sorting process. Chondrite classification schemes, astrophysical disk models that predict a narrow chondrule size population and/or a common localized formation event, and conventional particle analysis methods must all be critically reevaluated. We support the idea that distinct “lithologies” suggests is where the preferential is
methods for non-destructive assessment of carbon dynamics in shrublands under long-term climate change

3. The natural 14 C signature of soil respiration gave insight into a possible long-term shift in the partitioning between the decomposition of young and old soil carbon sources. Contrastingly, the stable isotopes 13 C and 15 N were used for shorter-term processes, as the residence time in a certain compartment of the stable isotope label signal is limited. The use of labelled carbon-compounds to study carbon mineralization by soil microorganisms enabled to determine the long-term effect of climate change on microbial carbon uptake kinetics and turnover. 4. Based on the experience with the experimental work, we provide recommendations for the application of the reviewed methods to study carbon fluxes in the plant-soil-air continuum in climate change experiments. 13 C-labelling techniques exert minimal physical disturbances, however, the dilution of the applied isotopic signal can be challenging. In addition, the contamination of the field site with excess 13 C or 14 C can be a problem for subsequent natural abundance ( 14 C and 13 C) or label studies. The use of slight changes in carbon and nitrogen natural abundance does not present problems related to potential dilution or contamination risks, but the usefulness depends on the fractionation rate of the studied processes. performed in leak-tight glass jars with a connection to the molecular sieve sampling system. The results revealed a high heterogeneity of the 14
Induction of Immune Suppression Irradiation Represents a Key Step in the Draining Lymph Nodes upon Ultraviolet Mast Cell Migration from the Skin to the

The UV radiation in sunlight is the primary cause of skin cancer. UV is also immunosuppressive and numerous studies have shown that UV-induced immune suppression is a major risk factor for skin cancer induction. Previous studies demonstrated that dermal mast cells play a critical role in the induction of immune suppression. Mast cell-deﬁcient mice are resistant to the immunosuppressive effects of UV radiation, and UV-induced immune suppression can be restored by injecting bone marrow-derived mast cells into the skin of mast cell- deﬁcient mice. The exact process however, by which mast cells contribute to immune suppression, is not known. In this study, we show that one of the ﬁrst steps in the induction of immune suppression is mast cell migration from the skin to the draining lymph nodes. UV exposure, in a dose-dependent manner, causes a signiﬁcant increase in lymph node mast cell numbers. When GFP (cid:1) skin was grafted onto mast cell-deﬁcient mice, we found that GFP (cid:1) mast cells preferentially migrated into the lymph nodes draining the skin. The mast cells migrated primarily to the B cell areas of the draining nodes. Mast cells express CXCR4 (cid:1) and UV exposure up-regulated the expression of its ligand CXCL12 by lymph node B cells. Treating UV-irradiated mice with a CXCR4 antagonist blocked mast cell migration and abrogated UV-induced immune suppression. Our ﬁndings indicate that UV-induced mast cell migration to draining lymph nodes, mediated by CXCR4 interacting with CXCL12, represents a key early step in UV-induced immune suppression. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 180: 4648–4655.
Ig Production in DREAM Transgenic Mice Increased B Cell Proliferation and Reduced

DREAM/KChIP-3 is a calcium-dependent transcriptional repressor highly expressed in immune cells. Transgenic mice expressing a dominant active DREAM mutant show reduced serum Ig levels. In vitro assays show that reduced Ig secretion is an intrinsic defect of transgenic B cells that occurs without impairment in plasma cell differentiation, class switch recombination, or Ig transcription. Surprisingly, transgenic B cells show an accelerated entry in cell division. Transcriptomic analysis of transgenic B cells revealed that hyperproliferative B cell response could be correlated with a reduced expression of Klf9, a cell-cycle regulator. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that the defect in Ig production is associated with reduced translation rather than with increased protein degradation. Importantly, transgenic B cells showed reduced expression of the Eif4g3 gene, which encodes a protein related to protein translation. Our results disclose, to our knowledge, a novel function of DREAM in proliferation and Ig synthesis in B lymphocytes. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 185: 000–000.
Bridging the gap between engineering design and marketing: insights for research and practice in product/service system design

Over the last decade, product/service systems (PSSs) have become a research issue in several disciplines, such as engineering design and marketing. The inherent interdisciplinary nature of this research issue has however remained unexploited. In order to bridge these silos and foster more interaction across relevant disciplines, this research examines PSSs from an interdisciplinary angle by analyzing how engineering design and marketing inform one another, as well as presents insights for PSS design. The research is carried out using a three-stage process for analyzing and evaluating interdisciplinary research: first, through a systematic literature review to identify relevant papers and their level of utilization across disciplines; second, by using a qualitative thematic analysis looking for different perspectives in order to find themes to bridge the gap between the disciplines; and third, by providing a research agenda to advance research by moving from silos to synergy. The results show a limited use of theories, frameworks, methods and tools across disciplines thus far, while the major contribution of this article lies in the implications derived for PSS design for academics and practitioners alike, which are categorized into seven specific themes: business orientation, collaboration, cost aspects, flexibility, performance indicators, requirements and services.
Recovering from the

In studying large molecular systems, insights can better be extracted by selecting a limited number of physical quantities for analysis rather than treating every atomic coordinate in detail. Some information may, however, be lost by projecting the total system onto a small number of coordinates. For such problems, the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) is shown to provide a useful framework to examine the interaction between the observed variables and their environment. Starting with the GLE obtained from the time series of the observed quantity, we perform a transformation to introduce a set of variables that describe dynamical modes existing in the environment. The introduced variables are shown to eﬀectively recover the essential information of the total system that appeared to be lost by the projection.
Design and fabrication of a next generation regenerative neural interface

A Spiral Peripheral Neural Interface (SPNI) is an electrode array that has been previously presented as a regenerative neural interface capable of receiving information from, and transmitting information to nerves. The SPNI has previously been proven in concept, however, when stimulating nerves in the device, the electrodes areinsufficiently isolated from each other and stimulations can trigger unwanted neural activity in neighbouring channels of the SPNI. Along with this, neural interfaces generally, suffer from chronic viability problems, due to biological rejection. These issues were addressed in this thesis, by the addition of a PDMS silicone membrane, into the structure of the SPNI. Improvements to the understanding and performance of structural, electrical and biocompatibility aspects of the SPNI are addressed, with the addition of the PDMS film, which is used to electrically seal SPNI channels whilst not hindering conductor integrity. The inclusion ofPDMS also provides a platform which may enable drug delivery. This work dramatically improves SPNI performance whilst providing routes to improved biocompatibility. This thesis addresses the main issues previously presented in the SPNI and brings the device up to a new standard which can once again be tested for its viability in vivo.
against Monkeypox Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects

The smallpox vaccine Dryvax, a live vaccinia virus (VACV), protects against smallpox and monkeypox, but is contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals. Because Abs to VACV mediate protection, a live virus vaccine could be substituted by a safe subunit protein-based vaccine able to induce a protective Ab response. We immunized rhesus macaques with plasmid DNA encoding the monkeypox orthologs of the VACV L1R, A27L, A33R, and B5R proteins by the intradermal and i.m. routes, either alone or in combination with the equivalent recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli . Animals that received only DNA failed to produce high titer Abs, developed innumerable skin lesions after challenge, and died in a manner similar to placebo controls. By contrast, the animals vaccinated with proteins developed moderate to severe disease (20–155 skin lesions) but sur-vived. Importantly, those immunized with DNA and boosted with proteins had mild disease with 15 or fewer lesions that resolved within days. DNA/protein immunization elicited Th responses and binding Ab titers to all four proteins that correlated negatively with the total lesion number. The sera of the immunized macaques recognized a limited number of linear B cell epitopes that are highly conserved among orthopoxviruses. Their identiﬁcation may guide future efforts to develop simpler, safer, and more effective vaccines for monkeypox and smallpox. The Journal extracellu-
Voluntary activation and reflex responses associated with hamstring strain injury

22 Introduction: in if mechanisms contribute to suspected deficits. Purpose : To determine the effect of prior hamstring strain injury on knee flexor concentric and eccentric strength, voluntary activation, surface electromyographic activity (sEMG), stretch and tendon reflex amplitudes. Methods: 27 Twenty-five participants were recruited, twelve with a history of unilateral hamstring strain 28 injury of at least moderate severity. Voluntary activation, strength and sEMG activity were 29 recorded during maximal eccentric and concentric knee flexor contractions at 60°/s. Stretch 30 and tendon reflexes were also recorded at rest. Results: Previously injured limbs exhibited 31 lower levels of voluntary activation (mean difference= -24.1% [95% CI = -34.1 to -14.0%], 32 p<0.001) strength (mean difference vs. control group = -0.37 Nm/kg [95%CI = -0.71 to -0.03 33 Nm/kg], p = 0.03) and normalised sEMG (mean difference = -17% [95% CI = -32 to -2%], p 34 = 0.02) during maximal eccentric knee flexor contractions compared to control group. No 35 such differences were seen in concentric contractions. Stretch reflexes (mean difference = - 36 3.8% [95% CI = -6.8 to -0.8], p = 0.02) and tendon reflexes (mean difference = -13% [95%CI 37 = -26 to 0%], p = 0.04) were also lower in previously injured compared to control biceps 38 femoris muscles. Conclusion: Moderate to severe hamstring strain injury is associated with 39 long-term deficits in voluntary activation during maximal eccentric contraction. Hamstring 40 injury history is also associated with deficits in stretch reflex and tendon reflex amplitude.
Calling orientations of junior doctors and medical in India: Cultural, occupational and relational perspectives

This study examines the factors that shape calling orientations within the Indian context. Based on the narratives of 72 junior doctors and medical interns , it is found that participants identify with harbouring a calling both prior and subsequent to occupational entry. Although factors such as self-recognition of talent and sensemaking of work as destiny play a role, familial communication is found to be particularly influential in the formation of a calling outlook. A relational view of callings associated with generativity and family legacy is thus highlighted. The study additionally compares the career stories of individuals who do (n=29) and those who do not (n=43) frame their occupation as a calling. Participants with a calling orientation are found to have a strong affective attachment to the profession, further influenced by familial communication and value internalization. The findings also demonstrate that the calling experience is malleable and can evolve through work/life experiences.
Global Biogeochemical Cycles Processes driving global interior ocean pH distribution

Lauvset, S.K. *, Carter, B.R. , Perez, Fiz F. , Jiang, L. -Q. , Feely, R.A. , Velo, A. , Olsen, A. NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, IIM– CSIC, Vigo, Spain. Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA. National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910. Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Research Online Research Online Scalable Bayesian Inference for the Inverse Temperature of a Scalable Bayesian Inference for the Inverse Temperature of a Hidden Potts Model Hidden Potts Model

Abstract The inverse temperature parameter of the Potts model governs the strength of spatial cohesion and therefore has a major influence over the resulting model fit. A difficulty arises from the dependence of an intractable normalising constant on the value of this parameter and thus there is no closed-form solution for sampling from the posterior distribution directly. There is a variety of computational approaches for sampling from the posterior without evaluating the normalising constant, including the exchange algorithm and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). A serious drawback of these algorithms is that they do not scale well for models with a large state space, such as images with a million or more pixels. We introduce a parametric surrogate model, which approximates the score function using an integral curve. Our surrogate model incorporates known properties of the likelihood, such as heteroskedasticity and critical temperature. We demonstrate this method using synthetic data as well as remotely-sensed imagery from the Landsat-8 satellite. We achieve up to a hundredfold improvement in the elapsed runtime, compared to the exchange algorithm or ABC. An open-source implementation of our algorithm is available in the R package. Scalable Bayesian Inference for the Inverse Temperature of a Hidden Potts Model. Bayesian Analysis, Online First 1-27. Abstract. The inverse temperature parameter of the Potts model governs the strength of spatial cohesion and therefore has a major inﬂuence over the resulting model ﬁt. A diﬃculty arises from the dependence of an intractable normalising constant on the value of this parameter and thus there is no closed-form solution for sampling from the posterior distribution directly. There is a variety of computational approaches for sampling from the posterior without evaluating the normalising constant, including the exchange algorithm and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). A serious drawback of these algorithms is that they do not scale well for models with a large state space, such as images with a million or more pixels. We introduce a parametric surrogate model, which approximates the score function using an integral curve. Our surrogate model incorporates known properties of the likelihood, such as heteroskedasticity and critical temperature. We demonstrate this method using synthetic data as well as remotely-sensed imagery from the Landsat-8 satellite. We achieve up to a hundredfold improvement in the elapsed runtime, compared to the exchange algorithm or ABC. An open-source implementation of our algorithm is available in the R package bayesImageS .
Maximising oil production through data modelling, simulation and optimisation

The research work presented on this thesis provides an alternative tool for characterising oil fields under fluid injection by analysing historical production/injection rates. In particular polynomial and radial basis Non Linear Autoregressive with Exogenous Input Model (NARX) models were developed; these models were capable of capturing the dynamics of an operating field in the North Sea. A Greedy Randomised Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) heuristic optimisation method was applied for estimating a future injection strategy. This approach is combined with a risk analysis methodology, a popular approach in financial mathematics. As a result, it is possible to estimate how likely it is to reach a production goal. According to the simulations, it is possible to increase oil production by 10% in one year by implementing a smart injection strategy with low statistical uncertainty. Resulting from this research project, a computational tool was developed. It is now possible to estimate NARX models from any field under fluid injection as well as finding the best future injection scenario.
CD133 expression is associated with small round blue cell tumour morphology in human CNS neoplasms .

: Aims: CD133 is considered as a marker for brain tumour initiating cells. However, most data about CD133 is derived from animal or in vitro studies. The aim of our study was to characterize CD133 expression, distribution and morphological features of CD133 + cells in primary and secondary human CNS neoplasms. Methods and results: Tumours were analyzed by realtime RT-PCR, western blot, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Our results show that only small round blue cell tumours (SRBCT) exhibit strong and consistent CD133 expression. Interestingly, glioblastomas, large cell carcinomas or sarcomas were negative for CD133. Only single glioblastomas with focal small cell component exhibited CD133 immunoreactivity in the SRBCT component. In addition, CD133 expression did not correlate with the expression of other markers associated with stem cell differentiation including CD15 or nestin. Conclusions: This indicates that CD133 expression in human CNS neoplasms may be independent from the grade of malignancy but strongly correlates with SRBCT morphology. Together with recent findings showing that CD133 is regulated by hypoxia and CD133 - cells exhibiting also stem cell properties, our data strongly questions the suitability of CD133 as a brain tumour stem cell marker in vivo .
A Parametric Detection Algorithm based on Uniform Space-Time Scan and Clutter Rank

Compared with airborne monostatic radar, airborne bistatic radar has better detection performance in detecting stealth targets and low altitude targets. However, the bistatic clutter echoes are heavily dependent on the range, which leads to the substantial reduction in available target-free training data. As a result, the detection performances corresponding to most of conventional methods decline seriously. In order to improve the detection performance of parametric adaptive matched filter used in airborne bistatic radar, the parametric adaptive matched filter based on uniform space-time scan and clutter rank (STS-CR-PAMF) is proposed in this paper. In order to efficiently obtain the estimated coefficient matrices, conjugate gradient method is utilized in STS-CR-PAMF. In simulation results, it is shown that the detection performance of STS-CR-PAMF outperforms its counterparts. Meanwhile, the relationships between the clutter rank and transmitter-receiver range, the velocities of transmitter and receiver are shown in simulation results and analyzed qualitatively.