Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Bacterial and Archaeal 16S rRNA Gene in Soil Obtained from a Petroleum Refinery Effluent Site in Nigeria Using Real-Time PCR

The microbial community in environments exposed to effluents released from industrial processes such as petroleum refining are usually adapted to utilising and degrading these bye-products. Soil was sampled in an area adjacent to the water body containing refinery effluent released from the refinery in Nigerian National Petroleum Company (N. N. P. C), Kaduna. The samples were obtained at two depths, 17 – 20 cm and 37 – 40 cm respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from these samples in triplicates and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using the primers, 518F and 907R in 20µL reaction mixtures. The data obtained after the Q-PCR run was analysed using MxPro, Q-PCR software. The final number of target genes was an average of triplicate measurements from three independent DNA extractions from each soil sample. The average 16S gene copy number in the samples was in the range, 3.11E+07 – 1.23E+08 gene copies per gram of soil for bacteria and 8.13E+06 – 5.76E+07 gene copies per gram of soil, for archaea. Sampling depths of 17 – 20 cm had relatively higher gene copy number as opposed to depths of 37 - 40 cm. Soils closer to the surface are typically richer in nutrients and oxygen thus favouring bacterial growth. The 16S rRNA gene is highly conserved and very useful in phylogenetic studies of bacterial populations. However, in order to screen for specific activities such as degradation of toxic compounds by bacteria in soil, detection of functional genes is necessary.
LEXICAL PROCESSING STRATEGY USE AND VOCABULARY LEARNING THROUGH READING

This article reports on a strategy training study that investigated the lexical processing strategies (LPSs; ignore, consult, infer) used by L2 learners when they encounter unfamiliar vocabulary while reading and the impact of these strategies on vocabulary learning. A time-series with repeated-measures design was used. Introspective data were gathered from eight participants (Francophone university students, intermediate ESL proficiency) on eight texts over 5 months to elicit LPS use on self-identified unfamiliar words. Then, 1 week after each reading, participants completed a cued recall task to measure their learning of these words. An analysis of overall LPS use (changes in patterns and effectiveness of strategy use with LPS-focused instruction) and word retention rates demonstrates the potential for vocabulary learning through reading and indicates that some LPSs lead to higher retention rates than others. This research increases our understanding of the role of LPS use in vocabulary learning and suggests some reevaluation of current pedagogic practice.
The Effects of Vertical Organization on the Pricing of Differentiated Products

We investigate differentiated product pricing and the effects of vertical organization under imperfect competition. We rely on vertical measures of concentration (termed VHHI) to study how the exercise of market power varies with substitution/complementarity relationships among products and vertical structures. This approach is applied to U.S. soybean seed pricing under vertical integration versus licensing. We find evidence that vertical organization affects seed prices, with an impact ranging from 1.87% to 13.6% of the mean price. These effects vary by institutional setup.We also find that complementarity can mitigate price enhancements associated with market concentration.
Screening of Bioactive Compounds against Nonreceptor Fyn Kinase: Virtual Screening and Network Approach

Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key controlling mechanism in signal transduction and enzyme activity regulation. Dysfunction of Fyn kinase, a unique member of non-receptor Src kinase family is implicated in oncogenesis, T-cell mediated diseases and neuronal disorders. Fyn kinase has been recognized as an important target for anti-cancer therapeutics. An insilico virtual screening of open and closed states of Fyn with seventy phytochemicals used in cancer treatment was carried out. Molecular properties and bioactive spectrum analysis further improved the screening process by forming a data set containing seven potential hits. Ligand efficiency score which combines biological and chemical space together identified three secondary metabolites apigenin, genistein and quercetin as efficient inhibitors of Fyn kinase. A reverse virtual screening approach validated the target selection by identifying Src kinase family members as potential drug targets. Drug-target interaction network based on feature scores of 22 phytochemicals which survived the initial screening process further validated our findings. A conceptual optimization may be required to reduce attrition and increase the activity of the lead.
The inter-relationships between regulation and competition enforcement in the South African liquid fuels industry

The competition authorities have devoted considerable time and energy to investigating anticompetitive conduct in the broad area of liquid fuel, gas and related products, where regulation sets rules for firm conduct. Competition cases have included the Sasol-Engen merger, collusive arrangements in gas distribution and the pricing of bitumen for road construction projects, and alleged coordination through information exchange in diesel. Drawing on a review of these matters we assess the inter-relationships between regulation and competition enforcement. We argue that regulation can be designed to enable greater competitive rivalry, while anti-competitive conduct can also be better remedied through recognition of the role of regulation.
P, S velocity and VP/VS ratio beneath the Toba caldera complex (Northern Sumatra) from local earthquake tomography

SUMMARY In this paper, we investigate the crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath Toba caldera, which is known as the location of one of the largest Cenozoic eruptions on Earth. The most recent event occurred 74 000 yr BP, and had a significant global impact on climate and the biosphere. In this study, we revise data on local seismicity in the Toba area recorded by a temporary PASSCAL network in 1995. We applied the newest version of the LOTOS-07 algorithm, which includes absolute source location, optimization of the starting 1-D velocity model, and iterative tomographic inversion for 3-D seismicP,S (or theVP/VS ratio) and source parameters. Special attention is paid to verification of the obtained results. Beneath the Toba caldera and other volcanoes of the arc, we observe relatively moderate (for volcanic areas) negative P- and S-velocity anomalies that reach 18 per cent in the uppermost layer, 10–12 per cent in the lower crust and about 7 per cent in the uppermost mantle. Much stronger contrasts are observed for the VP/VS ratio that is a possible indicator of dominant effect of melting in origin of seismic anomalies. At a depth of 5 km beneath active volcanoes, we observe small patterns (7–15 km size) with a high VP/VS ratio that might be an image of actual magmatic chambers filled with partially molten material feeding the volcanoes. In the mantle wedge, we observe a vertical anomaly with low P and S velocities and a high VP/VS ratio that link the cluster of events at 120–140 km depth with Toba caldera. This may be an image of ascending fluids and melts released from the subducted slab due to phase transitions. However, taking into account poor vertical resolution, these results should be interpreted with prudence. Although the results show clear signatures that are quite typical for volcanic areas (low velocity and high VP/VS ratio beneath volcanoes), we do not observe any specific features in seismic structure that could characterize Toba as a super volcano.
Smoke and Fire Detection

2 Abstract: This paper present a system which can efficiently detect fire after the image of the area has been captured by a camera. Fire has destructive properties which cannot be tolerated in any work areas. Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat and light. The light parameter and color of flame helps in detecting fire. The system first detects smoke and then fire. When smoke is present in the area it displays a message on the Security terminal. When a fire breaks in the area under consideration, the corresponding fire region in the input video frame will be segmented which covers the fire. If the area of the flame increases in the subsequent frames then an alarm is sounded.
Survey Paper: To Evaluate the Performance of KNN Algorithm for Face Spoofing

The face recognition is the system which is the application of the machine learning. The face recognition system is the system which is used for the attendance system. The test and training set is prepared in which segmentation is done, feature extraction can be applied and dataset is designed. The test set is the image which need to recognize by comparing with the training set. The SVM classifier is applied which can classify test image into recognized or non-recognized. The linear SVM classifier has least accuracy because it classify data into two classes. In this research, SVM can be replaced with KNN which increase accuracy of Classification and increase reliability of attendance system
Certification of the amount-of-substance fraction o f HbA 1 c versus the sum of HbA 0 and HbA 1 c in haemoglobin : ERM ®-AD 500 / IFCC

This report describes the production of ERM-AD500/IFCC, which is a set of 6 ampoules containing haemoglobin (with different levels of HbA1c) in a buffer solution, certified for the amount-of-substance fraction of HbA1c versus the sum of HbA0 and HbA1c. HbA1c is defined as the stable adduct from glucose and the N-terminal amino group of the β-chain of haemoglobin A0 that is beta-N-(1-deoxyfructose-1-yl) haemoglobin [ ]. The reference material was produced in collaboration with the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC). This material was produced following ISO Guide 34:2009 and is certified in accordance with ISO Guide 35:2006. The ampoules contain buffered solutions of haemoglobin with different amount of substance concentrations of HbA1c and HbA0. The base materials (solutions of purified HbA1c and HbA0) were prepared from whole blood obtained from diabetic volunteers and provided by Roche Diagnostic GmbH, Department for Biochemical Materials, Penzberg, Germany. Mixtures of these base materials were filled into the ampoules, with each ampoule containing approximately 1 mg haemoglobin in 30 μL solution, sealed under an atmosphere of argon. Between-unit homogeneity was quantified and stability during dispatch and storage were assessed in accordance with ISO Guide 35:2006. The certified value was obtained from the gravimetric preparation of mixtures, taking into account the amount of substance fraction of HbA1c in the two base materials as well as the haemoglobin content determined using the ICSH reference method (Drabkin). The values were confirmed with two datasets obtained using the reference method for HbA1c. Uncertainties of the certified values were calculated in accordance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and include uncertainties related to possible inhomogeneity, instability and characterisation. The material is intended for the calibration of the IFCC reference method or for the assessment of method performance. As with any reference material, it can be used for establishing control charts or validation studies. The CRM was accepted as European Reference Material (ERM®) after peer evaluation by the partners of the European Reference Materials consortium. CERTIFICATION REPORT Certification of the amount-of-substance fraction o f HbA1c versus the sum of HbA0 and HbA1c in haemoglobin: ERM ®AD500/IFCC Amalia Muñoz , Ingrid Zegers , Jean Charoud-Got , Cas Weykamp , Renata Paleari , Andrea Mosca , Uwe Kobold , Heinz Schimmel , Hendrik Emons a European Commission, Joint Research Centre Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) Geel, Belgium Streekziekenhuis Koningin Beatrix (SKB) Winterswijk, Netherlands Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano (USM) Milano, Italy Roche Diagnostic GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
Transport of aerosols into the UTLS and their impact on the Asian monsoon region as seen in a global model simulation

An eight-member ensemble of ECHAM5-HAMMOZ simulations for a boreal summer season is analysed to study the transport of aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM). The simulations show persistent maxima in black carbon, organic carbon, sulfate, and mineral dust aerosols within the anticyclone in the UTLS throughout the ASM (period from July to September), when convective activity over the Indian subcontinent is highest, indicating that boundary layer aerosol pollution is the source of this UTLS aerosol layer. The simulations identify deep convection and the associated heat-driven circulation over the southern flanks of the Himalayas as the dominant transport pathway of aerosols and water vapour into the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Comparison of model simulations with and without aerosols indicates that anthropogenic aerosols are central to the formation of this transport pathway. Aerosols act to increase cloud ice, water vapour, and temperature in the model UTLS. Evidence of ASM transport of aerosols into the stratosphere is also found, in agreement with aerosol extinction measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II. As suggested by the observations, aerosols are transported into the Southern Hemisphere around the tropical tropopause by large-scale mixing processes. Aerosol-induced circulation changes also include a weakening of the main branch of the Hadley circulation and a reduction of monsoon precipitation over India.
Non-equilibrium quantum theory for nanodevices based on the Feynman–Vernon influence functional

In this paper, we present a non-equilibrium quantum theory for transient electron dynamics in nanodevices based on the Feynman–Vernon influence functional. Applying the exact master equation for nanodevices we recently developed to the more general case in which all the constituents of a device vary in time in response to time-dependent external voltages, we obtained non-perturbatively the transient quantum transport theory in terms of the reduced density matrix. The theory enables us to study transient quantum transport in nanostructures with back-reaction effects from the contacts, with non-Markovian dissipation and decoherence being fully taken into account. For a simple illustration, we apply the theory to a single-electron transistor subjected to ac bias voltages. The non-Markovian memory structure and the nonlinear response functions describing transient electron transport are obtained.
EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS DOCUMENT RESUME 24 CG 005 158 Trinder

This report investigates those factors, necessary for, or facilitative of, stimulus organization. Part I considers three experimentally controlled factors: (1) stimuli; (2) responses; and (3) temporal organization of stimuli. The results revealed that temporal specing accounted for different findings. When the intertrial interval (ITI) was present chunking occurred, however, this was not the case when there was no ITI. Part II investigates the nature of the organization changes observed in Part I, by use of the free recall clustering technique. Clustering results were in the appropriate direction, while recall pointed to an incompatibility of recognition and recall tasks. Thus the nature of the stimulus organization in Part I remains unclear. Part III investigates four individual difference factors (channel capacity, immediate memory, span of attention, and intelligence) and their influence on S-R learning and stimulus organization. Results showed that none of the factors had any effect on S-R learning. The data from the study is suggestive of the role of these factors in concept formation. (ER)
Electrical conductivity in silicon nanomembranes

Silicon nanomembranes (SiNMs) are very thin, large, free-standing or free-floating two-dimensional (2D) single crystals that can variously be flat, rolled into tubes, or made into any number of odd shapes, cut into millions of identical wires, used as conformal sheets, or chopped into tiny pieces. Because SiNMs are mostly surface or interface and little bulk, they have very interesting properties. We describe electrical conductivity in SiNMs. Because of trap states at the Si/SiO2 interface, bulk dopants become irrelevant to electronic transport when the membrane is thin enough. Replacing the oxide at one interface with the clean-Si surface reconstruction dramatically increases the nanomembrane conductivity. We provide a model for this behaviour. The dimer reconstruction surface states provide a means of ‘surface doping’. Other materials with proper highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) bands, when deposited on the Si surface, should produce the same conductivity effect, affording a broad opportunity for membrane-based sensors.
Cloning, expression, and in silico analysis of a novel annexin gene FtANX1 from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.)

Annexins are generally thought to play an essential role in the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress responses. Here we describe an annexin gene from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. ), designated as FtANX1. The full-length coding sequence of FtANX1 is 942 bp in size, encoding a polypeptide of 313 amino acids with a theoretical molecular mass of 36.0 kDa and pI 5.94. In silico analysis of the sequence revealed that FtANX1 contains four repeats, with a type-II Ca2+-binding site in repeat I. Expression pattern analysis provided evidence that FtANX1 was predominantly expressed in immature achenes, while its level was lowest in leaves. In addition, FtANX1 was found to be associated with stress responses in Tartary buckwheat, such as drought, cold, UV-B radiation, jasmonic acid, and heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd). Several stress-related regulatory elements (ABRE, W-box, GATA-box, and CuRE elements) were found by in silico analysis in the FtANX1 promoter region. Our results showed that FtANX1, a novel annexin gene, may play an important role in the growth and stress tolerance of Tartary buckwheat.
Effect of deficit irrigation on the postharvest of pear variety Triunfo de Viena (Pyrus communis L.) in Sesquile (Cundinamarca, Colombia)

A technique settled to optimize the use of water resources is known as Controlled Deficient Irrigation (CDI), for which this experiment was carried out to determine the effect of a three water laminae: 100 (T1), 25 (T2) and 0% (T3) crop's evapotranspiration (ETc) on the rapid growth phase of the pear fruit variety Triunfo de Viena.The fruit quality (fresh weight variation, osmotic potential, color, acidity, soluble solids, CO 2 emission, dry matter, volume, firmness, ripeness index and moisture content) was evaluated over a two-month storage period. The first quality measurement was taken 2 days after harvest (DAH 8), with significant differences between treatments according to the Duncan test (P≤0.05):the largest fruit size was achieved with 100% ETc, (its diameter and volume were 7.70 cm and 217.5 cm 3 , respectively.), the firmness was higher in the treatment without water (T3), with a value of 8.02 N; however, during the rest of the storage time, there were no significant differences, showing water restriction during the rapid growth phase of the fruit provided 100% water savings without compromising quality in terms of fresh weight, total titratable acidity, color index, total soluble solids and moisture content.
Analyzing spatio-temporal data with R: Everything you always wanted to know – but were afraid to ask

We present an overview of (geo-)statistical models, methods and techniques for the analysis and prediction of continuous spatio-temporal processes residing in continuous space. Various approaches exist for building statistical models for such processes, estimating their parameters and performing predictions. We cover the Gaussian process approach, very common in spatial statistics and geostatistics, and we focus on R-based implementations of numerical procedures. To illustrate and compare the use of some of the most relevant packages, we treat a real-world application with high-dimensional data. The target variable is the daily mean PM10 concentration predicted thanks to a chemistry- transport model and observation series collected at monitoring stations across France in 2014. We give R code covering the full work-flow from importing data sets to the prediction of PM10 concentrations with a fitted parametric model, including the visualization of data, estimation of the parameters of the spatio-temporal covariance function and model selection. We conclude with some elements of comparison between the packages that are available today and some discussion for future developments.
Energy Efficiency in the Urban Scale: Case Study – Prague, Czech Republic

Parametric urbanism can be interpreted in various ways, and for the study of the energy efficient cities the focus is on the display and interpretation of parameters influencing the possible energy gains and losses of the built structures. Centrally-planned urbanism addresses to a big-picture view, and misses all the local details that significantly affect the solution. This centralized approach invariably works through large-scale destruction of existing structures (either man-made or natural), followed by the construction of lifeless non-adaptive solutions (Salingaros, 2011). Parametric urbanism is about development of strategy and channeling of information, analyzing the data before drawing conclusions. It results as a city, where social, economic, environmental and spatial equations are resolved in favor of construction of the most sustainable and efficient urban morphology (Hindi, 2013). Application of algorithms could help city modeling adapt to different measures using algorithmic simulations (Leach, 2009). De Landa (2004) draws some connections between what he calls self-organizations and genetic algorithms of applied scripting patterns. Abstract. Cities are a complex mass of morphological properties of many city fragments, which play a major role in energy consumption. Urban form, urban patterns, or city fragments can also be seen as defined by algorithms or form generators. Cities are designed taking into account infrastructure, city standards and land use regulations. Energy efficiency of the urban form may be understood as the balance between gains and losses of energy, which may depend on a set of parameters mostly defined by the geometrical shape of the buildings and the distance between them. The study starts from the development and analysis of 60 hypothetical models in order to evaluate their energy efficiency potential. The Galapagos Evolutionary Solver is used as a tool in order to find the set of parameters, which brings to the morphological properties the optimal combination of density and surface-to-volume ratio. At the final stage morphological properties of 64 Prague’s patterns were selected. Computer simulation and analysis is performed using the models extracted from the virtual Google Earth model of Prague. During the process of evaluation of the samples, the relationship between the urban form and such parameters as plot coverage, surface-to-volume ratio and the incident solar radiation was established and potentially higher energy efficient structures were indicated. As the result of analysis the interrelation between urban form and energy efficiency was established, which allowed to identify the urban patterns with the higher potential of energy efficiency.