Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk-taking sexual behaviour and self-reported depression in middle adolescence--a school-based survey.

BACKGROUND Early sexual activity has been widely studied in the context of pregnancies, substance use and antisocial behaviour, but the aspects of psychosexual health have received less attention. AIM To study the associations of early sexual activity and self-reported depression. SETTING A school survey in Finland in 1999 and 2000 in the eighth and ninth grades. METHODS Adolescents with experience of sexual intercourse were studied (11,793 girls and 10,443 boys, mean age 15.5 years). Scores of 8 or more in the Beck Depression Inventory were regarded as indicative of self-reported depression. Associations with sexual behaviour variables were analysed using logistic regression models. RESULTS In both genders, self-reported depression increased in proportion to the number of sexual partners and with the non-use of contraception. A higher number of coital experiences correlated with depression only among boys. Adjusting for age and age at menarche/oigarche did not affect the associations detected. In stepwise logistic regression, an increasing number of partners increased the risk for self-reported depression [for boys with at least five partners odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.2-3.0, and for girls OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.3-3.2]. Boys and girls who did not use contraception showed roughly twice as high a risk as contraceptive users. However, girls with five or more coital experiences had a significantly lower risk for depression compared to girls with only one sexual intercourse. CONCLUSIONS Multiple sexual partners and non-use of contraception may reflect a depressive disorder in both genders. While adolescent health service providers should be aware of the risk for depression among sexually active adolescents, the sexual health of depressed adolescents also warrants special attention.
Predictive testing for Huntington's disease: II. Qualitative findings from a study of uptake in South Wales

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a cohort of 22 test applicants who requested Huntington's disease (HD) predictive testing in South Wales, and a random sample of 32 non‐requesters, drawn from the South Wales HD register. Apart from identifying differences between the groups, the study afforded the opportunity to listen, at length, to at‐risk individuals' accounts of living at risk and their thoughts about predictive testing and genetic services. Emergent themes included difficulties in family communication and the uncertainties inherent in being at risk and undergoing testing. Important factors in decision making about testing were: moral imperatives to clarify one's genetic status; views about the controllability of the future; family attitudes and norms; and the impact of a test result on family members. At‐risk individuals' perceptions of the genetics service were that contact with the service would result in pressure to be tested and a need for test applicants to present a favourable view of coping capacities to secure testing. In addition, there was an expectation of ongoing contact with HD families at the initiative of the service providers. Implications of the findings for the way in which predictive testing services are structured and introduced to the at‐risk population are discussed.
Biologia Plantarum Xx (x): Xxx-xxx, 20xx Altered Gibberellin Content Affect Growth and Development in Transgenic Tobacco Lines Overexpressing a Wheat Gene Encoding F-box Protein

We have identified and characterized gene encoding F-box protein, named TaFBA1, from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a previous study. In this paper, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants overexpressing TaFBA1 displayed accelerated growth early on, but the rate slowed gradually at later stages of growth, and the mature transgenic plants were shorter in stature and flowered later than did the WT. Treatment with gibberellin (GA) conferred an accelerated grown rate to the transgenic tobacco plants at later stages, similar to that of WT, while growth was inhibited more seriously in WT than transgenic tobacco when plants were treated with a GA biosynthesis inhibitor. The content of GA in transgenic tobacco plants were higher at early developmental stages, but were lower at later growth stages than in WT. Some GA biosynthesis genes were down regulated, which accompanied elevated expression of a GA catabolism gene. Thus, our results suggest that TaFBA1 is possibly involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, and it may be related to the production, metabolism, and proper function of GA.
The Salomon advisory system supports a depressive episode therapy.

"Salomon" system is Polish computer advisory system for diagnostics of affective disorders. The system makes it possible to assess the relative intensity of depression measured by the depressive episode characteristic symptoms set based on scientific criteria for ICD-10 classification, M. Hamilton's depression rating scale and fuzzy logic. After two following consultations the system is able to generate the therapeutic index. The index depends on clinical situation. Basing on new computer technologies and ICD-10 classification the creation of the rank of the most effective therapeutic methods for the specific disorders is possible. Applying of neural network simulator makes it possible to find the similar depressive episode clinical subtype with its characteristic clinical picture used by clinician making a therapeutic decision.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY INCOME IN THE FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF NON-COGNITIVE SKILLS IN CHILDHOOD

Little is known about the relationship between family income and children’s non-cognitive (or socio-emotional) skill formation. This is an important gap, as these skills have been hypothesized to be a critical link between early outcomes and adult socioeconomic status. This paper presents new evidence of the importance of family income in the formation and evolution of children’s non-cognitive skills using a recent US panel dataset that tracks children between grades K-5. Findings suggest an important divergence in non-cognitive skills based on family income that accumulates over time and does not seem to be explained by children’s health status differences. Jason Fletcher University of Wisconsin-Madison La Follette School of Public Affairs 1225 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706 and NBER jfletcher@lafollette.wisc.edu Barbara L. Wolfe 1225 Observatory Dr University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53706 and NBER BWolfe@wisc.edu
Spider Monkey Optimization: A Novel Technique for Antenna Optimization

The aim of this letter is to introduce and use the spider monkey optimization (SMO) as an optimization technique for the electromagnetics and antenna communities. The SMO is a new swarm intelligence technique that models the foraging behavior of spider monkeys. To show the efficiency of the SMO, different examples are presented, and the results are compared to the results obtained using other popular optimization techniques. The optimization procedure is used to synthesize the array factor of a linear antenna array and to optimally design an E-shaped patch antenna for wireless applications. By comparing to traditional optimization techniques reported in the literature, it is evident that SMO is efficient in reaching the optimum solutions with less number of experiments .
oveout analysis of wave-equation extended images

Conventional velocity analysis applied to images produced by wave-equation migration with a crosscorrelation imaging condition uses moveout information from space lags or focusing information from time lag. However, more robust velocity-estimation methods can be designed to simultaneously take advantage of the semblance and focusing information provided by migrated images. Such a velocity estimation requires characterization of the moveout surfaces defined jointly for spaceand time-lags extended images. The analytic solutions to the moveout surfaces can be derived by solving the system of equations representing the shifted source and receiver wavefields. The superposition of the surfaces from many experiments shots is equivalent to the envelope for the family of the individual surface. The envelope
Drug delivery using multifunctional dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers

Importance of the field: The review presents the design strategy and synthesis of multifunctional dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers with the objective to develop effective drug delivery systems. Areas covered in this review: Well-characterized, commercially available dendritic polymers were subjected to functionalization for preparing drug delivery systems of low toxicity, high loading capacity, ability to target specific cells and transport through their membranes. This has been achieved by surface targeting ligands, which render the carriers specific to certain cells and polyethylene glycol groups, securing water solubility, stability and prolonged circulation. Moreover, transport agents facilitate transport through cell membranes while fluorescent probes detect their intracellular localization. A common feature of surface groups is multivalency, which considerably enhances their binding strength with complementary cell receptors. To these properties, one should also add the property of attaining high loading of active ingredients coupled with controlled and/or triggered release. What the reader will gain: Readers will be exposed to the strategy of synthesizing multifunctional polymers, aimed at the development of effective drug delivery systems. Take home message: Multifunctional systems upgrade the therapeutic potential of drugs and, in certain cases, may even lead to the application of new bioactive compounds that would otherwise not be feasible.
Binding of Anilide‐type Local Anesthetics in Human Plasma: I. Relationships between Binding, Physicochemical Properties, and Anesthetic Activity

The rank-order of binding in human plasma for a series of anilide-type local anesthetics, determined by ultrafiltration and gas chromatography, was: bupivacaine > mepivacaine > lidocaine > the N-dimethyl analog of lidocaine. Drugs were added to plasma in citro, pH maintained at 7.4±0.1 and temperature, 26±2 C. Attempts to identify the plasma-binding factor proved unsuccessful. However, binding to plasma lipoproteins was not entirely ruled out owing to difficulty in dispersing corresponding Cohn fractions in buffer. Extensive plasma-binding of bupivacaine was confirmed by equilibrium-dialysis and gel-filtration experiments. Good correlation between extent of binding and distribution of the drugs between plasma and erythrocytes was found. The distribution between buffer and erythrocytes indicated that binding to erythrocytic components had the same rank-order as binding to plasma. Relationships between the binding properties, physicochemical characteristics and anesthetic activity are discussed. Durations of anesthesia, determined in isolated nerve preparations correlated with the binding characteristics.
High-Power Quantum-Dot Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Exceeding 8 W

We report on a record-high output power from an optically pumped quantum-dot vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser, optimized for high-power emission at 1040 nm. A maximum continuous-wave output power of 8.41 W is obtained at a heat sink temperature of 1.5°C. By inserting a birefringent filter inside the laser cavity, a wavelength tuning over a range of 45 nm is achieved.
An Extended Projection Neural Network for Constrained Optimization

Recently, a projection neural network has been shown to be a promising computational model for solving variational inequality problems with box constraints. This letter presents an extended projection neural network for solving monotone variational inequality problems with linear and nonlinear constraints. In particular, the proposed neural network can include the projection neural network as a special case. Compared with the modified projection-type methods for solving constrained monotone variational inequality problems, the proposed neural network has a lower complexity and is suitable for parallel implementation. Furthermore, the proposed neural network is theoretically proven to be exponentially convergent to an exact solution without a Lipschitz condition. Illustrative examples show that the extended projection neural network can be used to solve constrained monotone variational inequality problems.
Quantification of Nonenhancing Tumor Burden in Gliomas Using Effective T2 Maps Derived from Dual-Echo Turbo Spin-Echo MRI

Purpose: Evaluation of nonenhancing tumor (NET) burden is an important yet challenging part of brain tumor response assessment. This study focuses on using dual-echo turbo spin-echo MRI as a means of quickly estimating tissue T2, which can be used to objectively define NET burden. Experimental Design: A series of experiments were performed to establish the use of T2 maps for defining NET burden. First, variation in T2 was determined using the American College of Radiology (ACR) water phantoms in 16 scanners evaluated over 3 years. Next, the sensitivity and specificity of T2 maps for delineating NET from other tissues were examined. Then, T2-defined NET was used to predict survival in separate subsets of patients with glioblastoma treated with radiotherapy, concurrent radiation, and chemotherapy, or bevacizumab at recurrence. Results: Variability in T2 in the ACR phantom was 3% to 5%. In training data, ROC analysis suggested that 125 ms < T2 < 250 ms could delineate NET with a sensitivity of >90% and specificity of >65%. Using this criterion, NET burden after completion of radiotherapy alone, or concurrent radiotherapy, and chemotherapy was shown to be predictive of survival (Cox, P < 0.05), and the change in NET volume before and after bevacizumab therapy in recurrent glioblastoma was also a predictive of survival (P < 0.05). Conclusions: T2 maps using dual-echo data are feasible, stable, and can be used to objectively define NET burden for use in brain tumor characterization, prognosis, and response assessment. The use of effective T2 maps for defining NET burden should be validated in a randomized, clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res; 21(19); 4373–83. ©2015 AACR.
Linear Convergence and Support Vector Identifiation of Sequential Minimal Optimization

We analyze variants of the classic 2-coordinate sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm for training support vector machines (SVMs) with an unregularized bias. We show these variants achieve a linear convergence rate, improving on previous rates, which were sublinear unless strong-convexity was assumed. We also show that they identify the final set of support vectors in a finite number of iterations, which is the first time a manifold identification property has been shown for any coordinate descent method with non-separable constraints.
Locating control: Psychology and the cultural production of ‘healthy subject positions’

This paper addresses some of the ways in which psychological constructs, which have been traditionally positioned as intra‐psychic phenomena, may be more productively understood as local performances of intelligible ‘healthy subject positions’. More specifically, it focuses on the cultural location of psychological epistemologies, and the assumptions of universality (based upon the normative subject position ‘white middle‐class heterosexual male’) that shape them. Through an analysis of traditional locus of control research, it explores the ways in which individualistic notions of ‘personality traits’ enact a form of governmentality over subjects who are expected to inhabit specific, fixed subject positions. Thus, traditional research on locus of control can be seen as instantiating the very subject positions that it seeks to measure. To counter this, the paper draws upon experience as a methodological tool in order to examine some of the ways in which neo‐liberal discourses of control work to homogenize the broad range of experiences that construct intelligible subject positions. In particular, the focus is on the potentialities and limitations of drawing on such discourses of control to understand non‐heterosexual experiences, and it is suggested that we need to examine how such experiences may render individuals complicit with heterosexist ‘practices of self’.
Finnish HLA studies confirm the increased risk conferred by HLA-B27 homozygosity in ankylosing spondylitis

Objective: To determine the influence of HLA-B27 homozygosity and HLA-DRB1 alleles in the susceptibility to, and severity of, ankylosing spondylitis in a Finnish population. Methods: 673 individuals from 261 families with ankylosing spondylitis were genotyped for HLA-DRB1 alleles and HLA-B27 heterozygosity/homozygosity. The frequencies of HLA-B27 homozygotes in probands from these families were compared with the expected number of HLA-B27 homozygotes in controls under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The effect of HLA-DRB1 alleles was assessed using a logistic regression procedure conditioned on HLA-B27 and case–control analysis. Results:HLA-B27 was detected in 93% of cases of ankylosing spondylitis. An overrepresentation of HLA-B27 homozygotes was noted in ankylosing spondylitis (11%) compared with the expected number of HLA-B27 homozygotes under HWE (4%) (odds ratio (OR) = 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 6.8), p = 0.002). HLA-B27 homozygosity was marginally associated with reduced BASDAI (HLA-B27 homozygotes, 4.5 (1.6); HLA-B27 heterozygotes, 5.4 (1.8) (mean (SD)), p = 0.05). Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) was present in significantly more HLA-B27 positive cases (50%) than HLA-B27 negative cases (16%) (OR = 5.4 (1.7 to 17), p<0.004). HLA-B27 positive cases had a lower average age of symptom onset (26.7 (8.0) years) compared with HLA-B27 negative cases (35.7 (11.2) years) (p<0.0001). Conclusions:HLA-B27 homozygosity is associated with a moderately increased risk of ankylosing spondylitis compared with HLA-B27 heterozygosity. HLA-B27 positive cases had an earlier age of onset of ankylosing spondylitis than HLA-B27 negative cases and were more likely to develop AAU. HLA-DRB1 alleles may influence the age of symptom onset of ankylosing spondylitis.
T1α/podoplanin deficiency disrupts normal lymphatic vasculature formation and causes lymphedema

Within the vascular system, the mucin‐type transmembrane glycoprotein T1α/podoplanin is predominantly expressed by lymphatic endothelium, and recent studies have shown that it is regulated by the lymphatic‐specific homeobox gene Prox1. In this study, we examined the role of T1α/podoplanin in vascular development and the effects of gene disruption in mice. T1α/podoplanin is first expressed at around E11.0 in Prox1‐positive lymphatic progenitor cells, with predominant localization in the luminal plasma membrane of lymphatic endothelial cells during later development. T1α/podoplanin−/− mice die at birth due to respiratory failure and have defects in lymphatic, but not blood vessel pattern formation. These defects are associated with diminished lymphatic transport, congenital lymphedema and dilation of lymphatic vessels. T1α/podoplanin is also expressed in the basal epidermis of newborn wild‐type mice, but gene disruption did not alter epidermal differentiation. Studies in cultured endothelial cells indicate that T1α/podoplanin promotes cell adhesion, migration and tube formation, whereas small interfering RNA‐mediated inhibition of T1α/podoplanin expression decreased lymphatic endothelial cell adhesion. These data identify T1α/podoplanin as a novel critical player that regulates different key aspects of lymphatic vasculature formation.
Breast-Feeding and HIV Transmission: The Jury Is Still Out

We present a review of the literature to shed some light on the dilemma facing policy makers, health workers, and HIV-infected women: To breast-feed, or not to breast-feed, that is the question. We searched PubMed for English language publications using the keywords HIV, infection, transmission, and breast-feeding. In addition, we obtained information from abstracts from AIDS and Nutrition conferences since 1997. This review will only consider transmission of HIV-1 (subsequently referred to as HIV) because mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-2, through any route, is rare (1). In medicine when any behavior or practice is known to be a risk factor for good health, the obvious intervention is to try to eliminate the risk. In this case, however, removing the risk of breast-feeding consequently introduces another risk factor, viz., commercial infant formula or other replacement feeding with their known risks for child health. The risks for each are evident in crude mortality rates; on one hand, breast-feeding is thought to be responsible for approximately 300,000 HIV infections per year (2), whereas the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) estimates that not breast-feeding is responsible for 1.5 million child deaths per year (3). This review attempts to examine the data that are currently available, to present the dilemmas that hinder implementation of programs to reduce MTCT of HIV, and to suggest research that is still needed to allow us to make definitive judgments.
Characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in the differential production of erythrose‐4‐phosphate dehydrogenase, 3‐phosphoglycerate kinase and class II fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase in Escherichia coli

A gapA‐pgk gene tandem coding the glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and 3‐phosphoglycerate kinase, is most frequently found in bacteria. However, in Enterobacteriaceae, gapA is replaced by an epd open reading frame (ORF) coding an erythrose‐4‐phosphate dehydrogenase and an fbaA ORF coding the class II fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase follows pgk. Although epd expression is very low in Escherichia coli, we show that, in the presence of glucose, the 3 epd, pgk and fbaA ORFs are efficiently cotranscribed from promoter epd P0. Conservation of promoter epd P0 is likely due to its important role in modulation of the metabolic flux during glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. As a consequence, we found that the epd translation initiation region and ORF have been adapted in order to limit epd translation and to create an efficient RNase E entry site. We also show that fbaA is cotranscribed with pgk, from promoter epd P0 or an internal pgk P1 promoter of the extended ‐10 class. The differential expression of pgk and fbaA also depends upon an RNase E segmentation process, leading to individual mRNAs with different stabilities. The secondary structures of the RNA regions containing the RNase E sites were experimentally determined which brings important information on the structural features of RNase E ectopic sites.