Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LEAN AND SIX SIGMA METHODOLOGIES IN NHS SCOTLAND: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

In recent years, the healthcare industry is constantly concerned to provide better quality of patient care with less waste of resources through application of continuous improvement (CI) initiatives such as Lean and Six Sigma. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the status of Lean and Six Sigma methodologies in the National Health Service (NHS) Scotland. Data was collected using survey instrument to determine the status of these strategies within the NHS. Although the personnel of NHS do seem to have the basic skills to successfully implement Lean Six Sigma, there appears to be a failure on the part of senior management to successfully communicate the desires and needs of these powerful CI initiatives with personnel. Moreover, a lack of encouragement and motivation, resistance to change and blame culture are quite prevalent across the sector which prevents Lean and Six Sigma strategies from being utilized in a systematic manner.
Satellite Measurements of Stratospheric Gravity Waves

Gravity waves (GWs) transport momentum and energy in the atmosphere, exerting a profound influence on the global circulation. Accurately measuring them is thus vital both for understanding the atmosphere and for applications such as weather and climate ::::::::: developing ::: the ::: next ::::::::: generation ::: of :::::: weather :::::::::: forecasting ::: and :::::: climate ::::::::: prediction : models. However, it has proven very difficult to measure the full set of GW parameters from satellite measurements, which are the only suitable observations with global coverage. This is particularly critical at latitudes close to 60◦S, where climate models significantly under-represent wave 5 momentum fluxes. Here, we present a novel fully-3D method for detecting and characterising GWs in the stratosphere. This method is based around a 3D Stockwell transform : , ::: and ::: can ::: be ::::::: applied :::::::::::: retrospectively :: to ::::::: existing :::::::: observed :::: data. This is the first scientific use of this spectral analysis technique. We apply our method to high-resolution 3D atmospheric temperature data from AIRS/Aqua over the altitude range 20–60 km. Our method allows us to determine a wide range of parameters for each wave detected. These include amplitude, propagation direction, horizontal/vertical wavelength, height/direction-resolved 10 momentum fluxes ::::: (MFs), and phase and group velocity vectors. The latter three have not previously been measured from an individual satellite instrument. We demonstrate this technique :::::: method : over the region around the Southern Andes and Antarctic Peninsula, the largest known GW sources :::::: sources ::: of ::: GW :::: MFs : near the 60◦S belt. Our analyses reveal the presence of stronglyintermittent highly-directionally-focused GWs with very high momentum fluxes (∼80–100 mPa or more at 30 km altitude). These waves are closely associated with the mountains rather than the open ocean of the Drake Passage. Measured fluxes 15 are directed orthogonal to both mountain ranges, consistent with an orographic source mechanism, and are largest in winter. Further, our measurements of wave group velocity vectors show clear observational evidence that these waves are strongly focused into the polar night wind jet, and thus may contribute significantly to the ‘missing momentum’ at these latitudes. ::::: These :::::: results :::::::::: demonstrate ::: the :::::::::: capabilities :: of ::: our :::: new ::::::: method, ::::: which :::::::: provides : a :::::::: powerful :::: tool ::: for :::::::: delivering ::: the ::::::::::: observations ::::::: required :: for ::: the :::: next ::::::::: generation :: of ::::::: weather :::: and :::::: climate ::::::: models. 20
Microbiological Quality of Traditional and Commercial Weaning Foods in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia

Weaning food is normally a semi-solid food that is used in addition to breast milk and not only to replace it and are mostly prepared in the form of thin porridges or gruels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Microbiological quality of traditional and commercial weaning foods in Jimma town, southwestern Ethiopia. Food samples of the boiled milk, atimit and cerifam were tested for the presence of microorganisms. The food samples were tested for the presence of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus, coliform , yeast and mold . The total count of Aerobic mesophilic bacteria on boiled milk, cerifam and atmit is 2.9×10 4 , 2.3×10 4 and 1.3×10 4 respectively. While total count of Enterobacteriaceae from food samples of boiled milk, cerifam and atmit were 2.7×10 4 , 1.1×10 4 and 5.1×10 3 respectively. Also the total count of Staphylococcus from food samples of boiled milk, cerifam and atmit were 9.3×10 3 , 7.8×10 3 and 8.7×10 3 respectively. Similarly the total count of Coliforms from food samples of boiled milk, cerifam and atmit were 6.3×10 3 1.5×10 3, and <1×10 3 respectively and the total count of yeast and mold from food samples of boiled milk, cerifam and atmit were 3.2×10 2 , 1.6×10 2 0.5×10 2 , and 2.5×10 2 , 0.5×10 2 , 0.5×10 2 respectively. From the analysis of our study boiled milk and cerifam was contaminated but Atmit was relatively saved. Keywords : weaning food, cerifam ,atmit, boiled milk, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus, coliform , yeast and mold
Volcanic ash layers in Lake El'gygytgyn: eight new regionally significant chronostratigraphic markers for western Beringia

Abstract. Ash layers from explosive volcanic eruptions (i.e., tephra) represent isochronous surfaces independent from the environment in which they are deposited and the distance from their source. In comparison to eastern Beringia (non-glaciated Yukon and Alaska), few Plio-Pleistocene distal tephra are known from western Beringia (non-glaciated arctic and subarctic eastern Russia), hindering the dating and correlation of sediments beyond the limit of radiocarbon and luminescence methods. The identification of eight visible tephra layers (T0–T7) in sediment cores extracted from Lake El'gygytgyn, in the Far East Russian Arctic, indicates the feasibility of developing a tephrostratigraphic framework for this region. These tephra range in age from ca 45 ky to 2.2 My old, and each is described and characterized by its major-, minor-, trace-element and Pb isotope composition. These data show that subduction-zone-related volcanism from the Kurile–Kamchatka–Aleutian Arc and Alaska Peninsula is the most likely source, with Pb isotope data indicating a Kamchatkan volcanic source for tephra layers T0–T5 and T7, while a source in the Aleutian Arc is possible for tephra T6. The location of Lake El'gygytgyn relative to potential source volcanoes (> 1000 km) suggests these tephra are regionally distributed over a large area. These deposits provide a unique opportunity to correlate the high-resolution paleoenvironmental records of Lake El'gygytgyn to other terrestrial paleoenvironmental archives from western Beringia and marine records from the western North Pacific and Bering Sea, and to move towards the development of a robust integrated framework between the continuous paleoclimatic records of Lake El'gygytgyn and other terrestrial and marine records in NE Eurasia.
CLASSIFICATION AUTOMATIQUE DE RÉSEAUXDYNAMIQUES AVEC SOUS-GRAPHES : ÉTUDE DUSCANDALE ENRON

Resume. — Ces dernieres annees, de nombreux modeles de graphes aleatoires ont ete proposes pour extraire des informations a partir de reseaux dans des domaines varies. Le principe de ces modeles consiste a chercher des groupes de nœuds ayant des profils de connexion homogenes. La plupart de ces modeles sont adaptes pour des reseaux statiques ayant des aretes binaires ou discretes mais sans prendre en compte la dimension temporelle. Ce travail est motive par la necessite d'analyser un reseau dynamique decrivant les communications electroniques (e-mail) entre les employes de l'entreprise Enron ou les positions sociales jouent un role important. Nous proposons dans cet article une extension au cadre dynamique du modele de graphe aleatoire RSM qui a ete recemment propose pour modeliser a l'aide de groupes latents des reseaux statiques pour lesquels une partition en sous-graphes est connue. Notre approche est basee sur l'utilisation d'un state-space model pour modeliser l'evolution au cours du temps des proportions des groupes latents. Le modele ainsi obtenu est appele modele de sous-graphes aleatoires dynamiques (dRSM) et un algorithme de type EM variationnel (VEM) est propose pour en effectuer l'inference. Nous montrons que les approximations variationnelles conduisent a un nouveau state-space model a partir duquel les parametres ainsi que les etats caches peuvent etre estimes en utilisant le filtre de Kalman et le Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoother. La methodologie est finalement appliquee au jeu des donnees d'e-mails de l'entreprise Enron et permet de mettre en evidence une reaction anticipee des cadres par rapport aux autres employes concernant le scandale a venir.
The Management of Digital Loyalty Card Data within a Collaborative Innovation Network

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the role of public policy and management in the delivery of an outcome oriented policy. The economic situation within recent years has resulted in a heightened awareness for more innovative public policy across the United Kingdom. Using a qualitative and an action research case study approach, this article describes and discusses how innovation and knowledge in public management can be fostered despite the downturn of the economy. This is illustrated by two regional universities within the United Kingdom when tasked with the management and delivery of highly formalised market intelligence data (Tesco Loyalty Card Data) within an innovation network with the Northern Ireland Government and the agri-food Industry. The aim of this collaborative innovation network was to address the 'failure' of regional small businesses in competing at a local, regional and national level. On review of the collaborative innovation network, it was established that the issue of trust and credibility created by the presence of the universities were key to the initial engagement, interaction and success of various parties within the network and to the ultimate success of the public support instrument.
Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data

This paper presents a modeling approach aimed at seasonal resolution of global climatic and edaphic controls on patterns of terrestrial ecosystem production and soil microbial respiration. We use satellite imagery (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project solar radiation), along with historical climate (monthly temperature and precipitation) and soil attributes (texture, C and N contents) from global (1°) data sets as model inputs. The Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach (CASA) Biosphere model runs on a monthly time interval to simulate seasonal patterns in net plant carbon fixation, biomass and nutrient allocation, litterfall, soil nitrogen mineralization, and microbial CO2 production. The model estimate of global terrestrial net primary production is 48 Pg C yr−1 with a maximum light use efficiency of 0.39 g C MJ−1PAR. Over 70% of terrestrial net production takes place between 30°N and 30°S latitude. Steady state pools of standing litter represent global storage of around 174 Pg C (94 and 80 Pg C in nonwoody and woody pools, respectively), whereas the pool of soil C in the top 0.3 m that is turning over on decadal time scales comprises 300 Pg C. Seasonal variations in atmospheric CO2 concentrations from three stations in the Geophysical Monitoring for Climate Change Flask Sampling Network correlate significantly with estimated net ecosystem production values averaged over 50°–80° N, 10°–30° N, and 0°–10° N.
What role for remittances in farm inputs expenditure among paddy farming households? a case study of Kilombero Valley, Tanzania

Migration and remittance have a potential to enhance farm intensification through spending on essential farm inputs and thus apparently improving farm production for liquidity constrained rural farming households. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of remittance derived from rural out-migrants on the expenditure on farm inputs using paddy dominated farming households of Kilombero Valley, Tanzania, as a case study. A questionnaire was used to collect data among 309 randomly selected households. The tobit model that considers cornered observations was used to assess the effect of migration and remittances on input expenditure. A T test was conducted to compare differences in input spending between migratory and non migratory households. Results show that remittances overcome inputs market failure as it provides cash that rural households use to purchase essential farm inputs. However, the results based on the T test revealed that there is no significant difference in terms of spending on hired labour (as one of a farm input) between migratory and non migratory households. The positive income effects of remittances outweigh lostlabour effects. It is thus recommended that migration should be encouraged through the growth of economy and thus the link between rural and urban areas should be strengthened. Original Research Article Msinde and Salehe; ARJASS, 2(4): 1-9, 2017; Article no.ARJASS. 31577 2
Application of the block backward differential formula for numerical solution of Volterra integro-differential equations

In this paper, we consider an implicit block backward differentiation formula (BBDF) for solving Volterra Integro-Differential Equations (VIDEs). The approach given in this paper leads to numerical methods for solving VIDEs which avoid the need for special starting procedures. Convergence order and linear stability properties of the methods are analyzed. Also, methods with extensive stability region of orders 2, 3 and 4 are constructed which are suitable for solving stiff VIDEs.
THE ANALYSIS OF STRATA FORM IN HOLOGRAPHIC EMULSION AND A VIEW OF AN IMAGE RECONSTRUCTED WITH A FOURIER-HOLOGRAM

This paper examines the process of image reconstruction with volume Fourier-hologram and Fourier semitransparent reflective hologram used in optical interferometer on the basis of spatial-spectral method of the holographic interferometry. The paper describes the configuration of strata in emulsion of holograms of this type. We have obtained the mathematical expression allowing calculating numbers of strata in a Fourier-hologram emulsion. The relation for a cumulative distribution function of space frequencies of reflection is also illustrated herein. It has been demonstrated that, with the placement of reflective mirror in immediate proximity behind the semi-transparent reflective-type Fourierhologram and under a small angle to it, the interferogram in the form of elliptic-shaped strata is formed on a screen placed in front of this Fourier-hologram. It has been established in mathematical terms that for a mirror placed behind hologram, increase of mirror inclination angle in relation to the hologram results in reduction of linear dimensions of a central light spot and in increment of elongation of image ellipses. Interference holography can be used in the optical system of fiberoptic gyroscope (FOG). Processing interference pattern with FOG hologram increases the resolution of FOG to order and more, which in turn allows you to either improve the accuracy of the device while preserving the length of the optical fiber in a coil, or reduce the length of the optical fiber at a lower resolution of FOG. Both approaches allow to reduce the cost of FOG and accordingly to make it acceptable to use civilian vehicles.
The Impact of Effective Leadership Practice on Organizational Performance and Growth of State Owned Banks in Ghana: The Case of National Investment Bank, Ghana

The study investigated the impact of effective leadership practices on an organizational growth and development in Ghana with the search light on the operations of National Investment Bank of Ghana (NIB). NIB recently had new management members with a new board of directors in place. For the year 2015 the bank shocked the banking fraternity when it was able to pay huge dividend to state coffers having experienced dividend draught for a long period. It is not too clear whether the leadership practices of the new executives have turned around the fortunes of the bank or the success story is due to the general boom in the banking industry of Ghana. Random sampling technique was adopted to select some branches of the bank and its headquarters as the study population. Purposive sampling technique was then employed to directly approach officials for their views. The questionnaire technique was the main research instrument while Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was employed to facilitate the analysis of the data. Findings of the study indicated that the new management team of NIB employed sound communication skills, very fair compensation packages groomed employees to perform better are some of the strategies for shoring up financial performance of the bank. The study therefore concluded by upholding the hypothesis that the recent success story associated with the financial performance of NIB was due to the leadership style of the new management team but not necessarily a direct result from the simile booming performance in the banking industry of Ghana. As a further study, the role ICT played in NIB’s success story deserves investigation.
INTEGRATION OF SATELLITE RAINFALL DATA AND CURVE NUMBER METHOD FOR RUNOFF ESTIMATION UNDER SEMI-ARID WADI SYSTEM

Abstract. The arid and semi-arid catchments in dry lands in general require a special effective management as the scarcity of resources and information which is needed to leverage studies and investigations is the common characteristic. Hydrology is one of the most important elements in the management of resources. Deep understanding of hydrological responses is the key towards better planning and land management. Surface runoff quantification of such ungauged semi-arid catchments considered among the important challenges. A 7586 km2 catchment under investigation is located in semi-arid region in central Sudan where mean annual rainfall is around 250 mm and represent the ultimate source for water supply. The objective is to parameterize hydrological characteristics of the catchment and estimate surface runoff using suitable methods and hydrological models that suit the nature of such ungauged catchments with scarce geospatial information. In order to produce spatial runoff estimations, satellite rainfall was used. Remote sensing and GIS were incorporated in the investigations and the generation of landcover and soil information. Five days rainfall event (50.2 mm) was used for the SCS CN model which is considered the suitable for this catchment, as SCS curve number (CN) method is widely used for estimating infiltration characteristics depending on the landcover and soil property. Runoff depths of 3.6, 15.7 and 29.7 mm were estimated for the three different Antecedent Moisture Conditions (AMC-I, AMC-II and AMC-III). The estimated runoff depths of AMCII and AMCIII indicate the possibility of having small artificial surface reservoirs that could provide water for domestic and small household agricultural use.
It's Not Just About Bricks and Mortar: Procedural Failures in Construction

Construction and engineering projects are typically complex in nature and are prone to cost and schedule overruns. A significant factor that often contributes to these overruns is rework. Omissions errors, in particular, have been found to account for as much as 38% of the total rework costs experienced. To date there has been limited research that has sought to determine the underlying factors that contribute to omission errors in construction and engineering projects. Using data derived from 59 in-depth interviews undertaken with various project participants, a generic systemic causal model of the key factors that contributed to omission errors is presented. The developed causal model can improve understanding of the archetypal nature and underlying dynamics of omission errors.
Effects of Lewis number on vorticity and enstrophy transport in turbulent premixed flames

The effects of Lewis number Le on both vorticity and enstrophy transport within the flame brush have been analysed using direct numerical simulation data of freely propagating statistically planar turbulent premixed flames, representing the thin reaction zone regime of premixed turbulent combustion. In the simulations, Le was ranged from 0.34 to 1.2 by keeping the laminar flame speed, thermal thickness, Damkohler, Karlovitz, and Reynolds numbers unchanged. The enstrophy has been shown to decay significantly from the unburned to the burned gas side of the flame brush in the Le approximate to 1.0 flames. However, a considerable amount of enstrophy generation within the flame brush has been observed for the Le = 0.34 case and a similar qualitative behaviour has been observed in a much smaller extent for the Le = 0.6 case. The vorticity components have been shown to exhibit anisotropic behaviour within the flame brush, and the extent of anisotropy increases with decreasing Le. The baroclinic torque term has been shown to be principally responsible for this anisotropic behaviour. The vortex stretching and viscous dissipation terms have been found to be the leading order contributors to the enstrophy transport for all cases, but the baroclinic torque and the sink term due to dilatation play increasingly important role for flames with decreasing Le. Furthermore, the correlation between the fluctuations of enstrophy and dilatation rate has been shown to play an important role in determining the material derivative of enstrophy based on the mean flow in the case of a low Le.
Analysis,modeling, manufacturing&control of an elastic actuator for rehabilitation robots

In this paper, modelling and control of an elastic actuator are investigated. First, the required performance of the actuator is determined and then a model of the actuator is proposed. Further, a control algorithm is presented to meet the required performance specifications. A speed feedback and a PI controller are utilized. Moreover, a PID controller is used to control the actuator output torque. Experimental tests are performed on the actuator to validate the actuator performance. First, an accuracy evaluation test is performed on the actuator to calibrate the torque measured by the spring. The results exhibit the spring’s linear characteristics and the capability of torque measurement. Second, the bandwidth of the actuator is measured through sinusoidal input. The results show that the actuator is capable of delivering the required torque in the frequency range of rehabilitation. Third, an impedance measurement test is performed on the actuator indicating that it is capable of exerting the lowest and or highest resistance on patient movement if required. As a result, it is shown that the proposed actuator can satisfy the whole rehabilitation requirements appropriately.