Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
10.4L: Late‐News Paper: Joule Heating Induced Lift‐off Technology for Large Area Flexible AMOLED Displays

For large area flexible active matrix organic light emitting diode AMOLED display, we have developed a novel lift off method. This novel technology named as Joule heating induced lift‐off JILO uses pulsed electric field for debonding of plastic and the substrate glass. We fabricated the low temperature poly silicon LTPS thin film transistors TFTs on the plastic film. Applying JILO, we can successfully develop flexible TFTs with no damage on transistor performance
A smart synchronous rectifier for 12 V automobile alternators

A new gate control unit for power MOSFETs is presented in this paper, which is especially suited for synchronous rectifiers in 12 V automobile vehicle-nets to replace inefficient silicon diodes. Unlike known control units for such synchronous rectifiers based on comparator circuits or external timing control, the proposed circuitry is inexpensive and insensitive, as it consists of only one operational amplifier and some passive components per MOSFET. Measurements taken on a prototype synchronous rectifier connected to a standard passenger car's alternator prove a major increase of the rectification efficiency as well as a higher output current of the alternator compared to a standard diode rectifier. This synchronous rectifier operates at load currents up to 120 A and up to a maximum alternator speed of 15000 rpm. The entire gate drive circuit is described, providing information about the desired properties of its components. The switching processes of the presented circuit as well as the parameters that determine its operational performance are explained in detail.
Feasibility Te sting of Time-lapse Seismic Monitoring with Full Waveform Tomography

Summary Full waveform tomography reveals subtle sub-wavelength perturbations in the velocity model, given a sufficiently accurate starting model. Time-lapse seismic surveys over reservoirs are typically intended to detect small changes in a relatively well-known overall velocity field due to localized effects such as CO2 injection, steam injection, petroleum production, and more. Full waveform tomography is ideally suited to detect and reveal the extent of these effects, both spatially and in terms of the magnitude of the effect on the velocity. Our early investigations strongly suggest that waveform tomography deserves serious consideration as a primary analysis tool for time-lapse seismic analysis.
Application of a new arc model for the evaluation of short-circuit breaking tests

A new arc model is introduced, which describes the behaviour of a circuit breaker using four constant parameters. Comparison of measurement and calculation shows that the description is relatively exact. By means of this model more information about the arc quenching capability of a circuit breaker can be obtained from switching tests than was possible up to now. Examples are given. >
Effect of Age on Information Security Awareness Level among Young Internet Users in Malaysia

The negligence to take proper security precautions while using the Internet has been lacking nowadays, especially among youth. Although youth deal the most with smart gadgets, past research has found that there is still lack of information security awareness among them. This can be shown by the number of cybercrimes arising day by day such as, cyberbullying, phishing, hacking, online threats, virus attacks, and so on. Thus, research has been conducted using quantitative methods by utilising a questionnaire to measure the information security awareness level among youth in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of age on the information security awareness level among young Internet users in Malaysia. 400 respondents have been participated in this survey. The findings of this study reveals that there is strong significant relationship between age (18-20 years old; 21-30 years old; 31-40 years old) and information security awareness (password usage, data protection, and data backup). Besides, there is no significant relationship between age and personal data sharing. However, respondents from 21-30 years old showed more concern towards information security awareness in this study. It is highly recommended for young Internet users to identify online threats and be aware of the security breaches encountered.
Toward the Sustainable Management of Urban Storm-Water

Despite the development of urban drainage systems over the past 5000 years, there are still many challenges to their effective use. There are growing demands with respect to runoff quantity and quality, visual amenity (landscape aesthetics), protection of ecology and beneficial water uses and interaction with the operation of existing municipal wastewater systems. Current solutions that rely mainly on pipe networks may not be sustainable, especially in developing countries. By considering the driving forces in action during the first years of the 21st century, different scenarios for the future use and development of urban drainage systems can be proposed; all of them rather pessimistic. The implementation of the sustainable management of urban water will require an integrated approach to all the related problems, including the better delivery of urban drainage services.
Biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS or Bio-CCS)

In terms of climate mitigation options, the theoretical potential of biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is substantial; introducing the prospect of negative emissions, it offers the vision of drawing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations back down to pre‐industrial levels. This paper reviews issues raised at a workshop on BECCS, convened in Scotland in late 2009. Presentations by bioenergy and CCS specialists covered topics including the climate policy rationale for BECCS, global biomass CCS potential, the UK potential for BECCS, the risk of fossil fuel lock‐in via coal co‐firing, and carbon market issues. In practice, the scale of the forestry and accessible CCS infrastructure required are among the obstacles to the large‐scale deployment of BECCS in the near term. While biomass co‐firing with coal offers an early route to BECCS, a quite substantial (>20%) biomass component may be necessary to achieve negative emissions in a co‐fired CCS system. Smaller scale BECCS, through co‐location of dedicated or co‐combusted biomass on fossil CCS CO 2 transport pipeline routes, is easier to envisage and would be potentially less problematic. Hence, we judge that BECCS can, and likely will, play a role in carbon reduction, but care needs to be taken not to exaggerate its potential, given that (i) there are few studies of the cost of connecting bio‐processing (combustion, gasification or other) infrastructure with CO 2 storage sites and (ii) that scenarios of global bioenergy potential remain contentious. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A theory of social programs, legitimacy, and citizen cooperation with the state

Aid and social programs are commonly used to fight insurgencies. However, sometimes they fail to achieve their goal of increasing citizen cooperation with the state. I propose a series of game-theoretic models that focus on the strategic interaction between a state and a citizen in the face of a challenge to the state’s monopoly of power by an insurgency. I argue that even if the provision of aid or social programs increases citizens’ intrinsic motivation to cooperate with the state, it does not necessarily translate into more cooperation. I show that citizen cooperation depends on whether the increase in the provision of aid is accompanied by an increase in the use of violent or hard tools by the state, the citizens’ expectation of future rewards, and the insurgency’s response. The models thus provide a rationale for why even if social programs increase state legitimacy, they may fail to increase citizen cooperation.
Feedback Particle Swarm Optimization for Shipboard Power System Restoration

The fast network restoration is required to restore the Shipboard power system (SPS) to near pre-fault condition for proper functioning. This paper proposed an improved Particle Swarm Optimization for restoration of shipboard power system. Firstly, we proposed an improvement strategy of S-Curve Decreasing Inertia Weight. Secondly, the feedback mechanism was introduced to improve the algorithm rate of convergence. Particle swarm optimization algorithm enables to find the optimal combination of loads that can be supplied after the occurrence of the fault, considering the priorities of the loads and the constraint of balance between the total load and total generation. The proposed method is applied to a naval shipboard power system model.
Choi-Williams Time-frequency Analysis OfForearm Flexors Mechanomyogram AcquiredFrom A Laser Diode Sensor Based Probe

The aim of this paper is to show how time-frequency plane can be used to directly read the frequency contents of forearm flexors muscles vibrations actually called MMG signals (Mechanomyogram). The MMG signals under scope are acquired from a laser diode sensor based probe connected to precise interface acquisition cards and the acquired signals are put into the memory of a PC for further analysis. The time-frequency technique used is the Choi-Williams energy distribution which belongs to the well reputed Cohen’s class and satisfies many very useful properties especially in its 3D version. With this technique a good compromise between time and frequency resolution can be found. The 3D spectrograms displayed from the data acquired from few normal subjects and patients with specific muscle disorders are compared. This analysis method revealed an efficient localization of the MMG most significant frequencies.
Role of NK Cells in Cancer and Immunotherapy

Increasing knowledge of cancer immunology has led to the design of therapies using immune cells directly or manipulating their activity, collectively termed immunotherapy. In the field of immuno-oncology, research on adaptive immune T cells has led to the development of CAR-T cells. Innate immune cells such as NK cells can also eliminate oncogenically transformed cells and regulate cells of the immune system. Considering NK cells as a live drug, numerous methods for the isolation and activation of NK cells have been shown to be clinically and therapeutically relevant. In such processes, various cytokines and antibodies present a source of stimulation of NK cells and enhance the efficacy of such treatments. The ex vivo expansion and activation of NK cells, along with genetic modification with CAR, enhance their antitumor activity. Recent preclinical studies have shown an antitumor effect through extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from NK cells. Work with autologous NK cells has provided insights for clinical applications. In this review, we outline the recent advances of NK-cell-based immunotherapies, summarizing CAR-NK cells, BiKEs, and TriKEs as treatment options against cancer. This review also discusses the challenges of NK cell immunotherapy.
Mechanical creep as a life-limiting factor of radio frequency microswitches

One of the characteristic failure mechanisms of microelectromechanical switches is stiction. Measurements, made using an instrumented nanoindentor, indicate that the adhesion force between hemispherical and flat gold contacts increases logarithmically with the number of actuation cycles. Concurrently, the electrical conductance increases with actuation time and the contact area increases. These time-dependent behaviors are a result of creep of the gold contacts under load, which sets a design limit for the maximum life of a contact switch before stiction failure occurs.
Enzymatic Beacons for Specific Sensing of Dilute Nucleic Acid **

Enzymatic beacons, or E‐beacons, are 1 : 1 bioconjugates of the nanoluciferase enzyme linked covalently at its C‐terminus to hairpin forming ssDNA equipped with a dark quencher. We prepared E‐beacons biocatalytically using HhC, the promiscuous Hedgehog C‐terminal protein‐cholesterol ligase. HhC attached nanoluciferase site‐specifically to mono‐sterylated hairpin oligonucleotides, called steramers. Three E‐beacon dark quenchers were evaluated: Iowa Black, Onyx‐A, and dabcyl. Each quencher enabled sensitive, sequence‐specific nucleic acid detection through enhanced E‐beacon bioluminescence upon target hybridization. We assembled prototype dabcyl‐quenched E‐beacons specific for SARS‐CoV‐2. Targeting the E484 codon of the virus Spike protein, E‐beacons (80×10−12 M) reported wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid at ≥1×10−9 M by increased bioluminescence of 8‐fold. E‐beacon prepared for the SARS‐CoV‐2 E484K variant functioned with similar sensitivity. Both E‐beacons could discriminate their target from the E484Q mutation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Kappa variant. Along with mismatch specificity, E‐beacons are two to three orders of magnitude more sensitive than synthetic molecular beacons.
Effect of Botulinum Toxin Injection and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Nerve Regeneration in Rats with Experimentally Induced Sciatic Nerve Injury

This study was designed to compare the roles of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in promoting the functional recovery and regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. A total of 45 six-week-old rats with sciatic nerve injury were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups received a single session of intranerve BoNT/A or ESWT immediately after a nerve-crushing injury. The control group was not exposed to any treatment. Differentiation of Schwann cells and axonal sprouting were observed through immunofluorescence staining, ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blot at 3, 6, and 10 weeks post-nerve injury. For clinical assessment, serial sciatic functional index analysis and electrophysiological studies were performed. A higher expression of GFAP and S100β was detected in injured nerves treated with BoNT/A or ESWT. The levels of GAP43, ATF3, and NF200 associated with axonal regeneration in the experimental groups were also significantly higher than in the control group. The motor functional improvement occurred after 7 weeks of clinical observation following BoNT/A and ESWT. Compared with the control group, the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential in the experimental groups was significantly higher from 6 to 10 weeks. Collectively, these findings indicate that BoNT/A and ESWT similarly induced the activation of Schwann cells with the axonal regeneration of and functional improvement in the injured nerve.
Alterations of Lipid Profile in Plasmodium berghei-infected Mice Treated with Ethanol Root Extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum

Effect of ethanol root-extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on lipid profile in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice was carried out using spectrophotometric methods. Thirty six albino mice were randomly assigned into six experimental groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) with six mice in each. Mice in group A (Normal control) were administered normal saline; mice in groups B-F were infected with Plasmodium berghei intraperitoneally; mice in group B (Standard control) were treated with 5 mg/Kg body weight of standard drug; mice in group C (Positive control) were left without treatment while mice in groups D, E and F were treated with graded doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg body weight of the ethanol rootextract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum, respectively. All the mice were allowed free access to water and feed without restriction. Oral route was used for the administration of the standard drug and plant extract for the period of ten days. Infection of mice with Plasmodium berghei caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triacylglycerides (TAG) and significant (P<0.05) decrease in the levels of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, treatment of P. berghei-infected mice with the ethanol root extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum at the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg body weight of the mice showed a significant dose-dependent (P<0.05) reversal in the trends of these parameters to levels comparable to those observed among the standard control group, especially the dose of 800 mg/Kg body weight. This study indicates that ethanol root-extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum could be used in the management of cardiovascular diseases in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.
Analysis, Design and Realization of a Near-Field Focused RF Power Transfer System

This paper reports the analysis, design, prototyping and first measurement results of a linear array antenna consisting of Yagi-Uda elements, rotated and phased for focusing RF power in the near-field of the antenna. By employing Near Field Focusing more power may be transmitted before the EIRP limit is reached due to the inherent far-field difusing. A design based on four Yagi-Uda array elements is able to produce an average power density of 21.04dBm/m2 at 2.45GHz in a box of 10×10×10cm3 located 1m from the linear array face. The design has been verified through comparison with full-wave electromagnetic simulations. First measurements on a realized prototype confirm the functioning of the array.
Data compression techniques for underwater imagery

The onboard data storage burden associated with underwater (UW) imagery tends to be significant for applications such as image-based navigation via an autonomous UW vehicle (AUV). Due to mission, space, and power requirements the use and storage of multispectral imagery in compressed form is preferred. In this paper, the authors discuss the spatial and statistical characteristics of UW imagery that facilitate compression by well-known algorithms such as JPEG, vector quantization (VQ), and visual pattern image coding (VPIC). For example, they consider statistical distributions of target and background greylevels obtained from truthed imagery, as well as power spectral analysis of target-background differences. The former measures facilitate parameter selection in VQ and and VPIC, while the latter are important in JPEG. Preliminary results are given for recently-developed algorithms that yield compression ratios ranging from 5,500:1 to 16,500:1 based on prefiltered six-band multispectral imagery of resolution 720/spl times/480 pixels. The prefiltering step, which removes unwanted background objects, is key to achieving high compression.
Studies of Cockpit Task Management Errors

Cockpit task management (CTM) is the management level activity pilots perform as they initiate, monitor, prioritize, and terminate cockpit tasks. To better understand the nature and significance of this process, we conducted 3 empirical studies: a review of National Transportation Safety Board aircraft accident reports, a review of Aviation Safety Reporting System aircraft incident reports, and a simulator experiment. In the accident report study, we determined that CTM errors occurred in 76 (23%) of the 324 accidents we reviewed. We found CTM errors in 231 (49%) of the 470 incident reports we reviewed. In the simulator study, we found that CTM performance was inversely related to workload. We conclude that CTM is significant to flight safety and recommend that this realization be reflected in pilot training, in cockpit procedures, and in research to develop pilot aiding systems.
A novel calculation method for iron loss resistance suitable in modeling permanent-magnet synchronous motors

This paper proposes a calculation method for iron loss resistance, suitable for modeling permanent-magnet synchronous motors. The proposed method is based on the linear feature between semi-input power and square of speed electromotive force. The iron loss resistance is calculated from the slope of this linear function in the offline manner. The advantage of the proposed method is that the iron loss resistance can be calculated directly without any measurements related to mechanical loss. In addition, the proposed method can be executed at any load conditions. The validity of the proposed method is experimentally confirmed by the comparison between the actual torque and the calculated torque containing the iron loss resistance.
Improved Image Analysis Method to Evaluate Tracking Property under Successive Flashover Based on Fractal Theory

Successive flashover would result in carbonized tracking on insulator surface and cause deterioration to the insulation. Thus, investigation of the tracking can be beneficial in understanding flashover characteristics during long-term operation. In this paper, DC flashover was operated on the insulator, and the image of tracking after successive discharge were captured. Improved differential box-counting method (IDBM) was applied to analyze these images based on fractal theory. Weighted item was suggested during the counting procedure for rectangle image with margin covered by cut-size box. Fractal dimension of the tracking was calculated according to the suggested method. It is claimed that the suggested method could estimate the discharge propagation property and deterioration characteristics on the insulator surface. Moreover, IDBM showed advantages in image pre-processing and deterioration property revealed compared to traditional box-counting method attributing to the consideration of color depth. This image analysis method shows universality in dealing with tracking image and could provide additional information to flashover voltage. This paper suggested a potential approach for the investigation of discharge mechanism and corresponding deterioration in future research.
Human Performance Models for Response to Alarm Notifications in the Process Industries: An Industrial Case Study

The Engineering Equipment and Materials User Association (EEMUA) recently published recommendations for average and peak alarm rates of 1 alarm per 10 minutes during normal operations and no more than 10 alarms per 10 minutes following an upset condition, respectively. However, these recommendations have been made in the absence of human performance studies or theory. This paper presents two studies –an analytical Keystroke-Level Modeling study and a Markov modeling study– that provide an initial human performance context for the EEMUA recommendations. Results suggest that these EEMUA recommendations are in line with human performance limits. Several limitations of the two studies for generalizing from either the KLM or Markov modeling results are discussed. Practical implications presented include the need for advanced alarm reduction techniques and consideration of peak alarm rates for upset conditions during the alarm rationalization process. Future research directions are also discussed, such as establishing the duration for which the EEMUA recommendation for peak alarm rates can be endured by a human operator.
Disturbance Rejection MPC Framework for Input-Affine Nonlinear Systems

This article proposes a novel disturbance rejection model predictive control (DRMPC) framework to improve the robustness of model predictive control (MPC) for a broad class of input-affine nonlinear systems with constraints and state-dependent disturbances. The proposed controller includes two parts—a disturbance compensation input and an optimal MPC control input. The former one is designed to compensate for the matched disturbance actively. This is made possible via a disturbance observer that estimates the disturbance and by adopting a space decomposition method. The residual disturbance is then handled in the MPC optimization problem by appropriate tightening of the constraints and designing the terminal constraint. Under reasonable assumptions, recursive feasibility and regional input-to-state practical stability (regional ISpS) of the closed-loop system are shown. Furthermore, we extend the DRMPC framework toward the tracking problem and apply it to a nonholonomic mobile robot. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated by a numerical example of the nonholonomic mobile robot.