Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poly(Ethylene Glycol‐block‐2‐Ethyl‐2‐Oxazoline) as Cathode Binder in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

Abstract Functional binders constitute a strategy to overcome several challenges that lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are facing due to soluble reaction intermediates in the positive electrode. Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) are in this context a previously well‐explored binder mixture. Their ether and amide groups possess affinity to the dissolved sulfur species, which enhances the sulfur utilization and mitigates the parasitic redox shuttle. However, the immiscibility of PEO and PVP is a concern for electrode stability. Copolymers comprising ether and amide groups are thus promising candidates to improve the stability the system. Here, a series of poly (ethylene glycol‐block‐2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) with various block lengths is synthesized and explored as binders in S/C composite electrodes in Li‐S cells. While the electrochemical analyses show that although the sulfur utilization and capacity retention of the tested electrodes are similar, the integrity of the as‐cast electrodes can play a key role for power capability.
“It’s a Growing and Serious Problem:” Teaching 9/11 to Combat Misinformation and Conspiracy Theories

Abstract In the aftermath of the September 11th attacks, some who were unable to cope with the devastation and the failure to prevent them turned to alternative explanations as to how and why these attacks occurred. Coinciding with the growth of the internet, hyper-partisan news sources, and misinformation, a vast number of 9/11 conspiracy theories emerged and spread. During the past 20 years, these conspiracy theories became embedded in public discourse, and have slowly started to appear in classrooms, brought in by a generation of students not alive before and with limited understanding of 9/11. In this article, we attempt to explain how these conspiracy theories enter the classroom and teachers’ strategies to combat them. Using a combination of theory and empirical data, we contend that 9/11 conspiracy theories remain popular and students' endorsement of them may come from their lack of information about 9/11 more generally. Additionally, we use activities from different teachers to demonstrate three approaches to combat conspiracy theories. At a time when conspiracy theories are used to inflame partisan beliefs, it is crucial to equip educators with resources to extinguish these conspiratorial flames.
Heritage, community participation and the state: case of the Kalbeliya dance of India

ABSTRACT The role of community participation has often been underlined as crucial in heritage-making and safeguarding, especially in the case of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), but has not been put into practice effectively. This paper critically examines the practice of community participation with respect to the UNESCO recognised ICH, Kalbeliya dance of Rajasthan state in India, and its impact on Kalbeliya dance and dancers. Drawing on interviews with Kalbeliya dancers, non-dancers and government officials, the findings reveal minimal participation of Kalbeliya community and show that the Indian state plays a dominant role right from the nomination of Kalbeliya dance as intangible heritage to its safeguarding. Through the case of Kalbeliyas, the paper analyses the scope of agency and power, given to heritage practitioners for their heritage safeguarding by the UNESCO, and the challenges it faces at the ground level. It further discusses how the neglect of heritage bearers or practitioners from the practice of heritage-making and safeguarding can become a source of their marginalisation along social, economic and political axes which can also be detrimental to the sustenance of any ICH.
Optimal Window to Wall Ratio Ranges of Photovoltachromic Windows in High-Rise Office Buildings of Iran

Windows are one of the weakest building components concerning high thermal losses. Traditional windows cannot adapt to external and internal environmental conditions. On the other hand, smart windows such as electrochromic (EC) windows do not emit greenhouse gases and adapt to environmental conditions and increase indoor environmental quality. The combination of EC windows and building integrated photovoltaic system (BIPV) is called photovoltachromic (PVC) windows. This paper aims to find optimal window to wall ratio (WWR) ranges of PVC windows in a high-rise office building model in four different cities in Iran. This paper uses several simulations to find the optimal WWR ranges of PVC windows using Radiance and EnergyPlus. First, the minimum acceptable WWR value in each climate condition was identified using several simulations without any optimization tools. Afterward, traditional windows were replaced with EC windows and results indicated that energy consumption of the building reduced up to 15.94%. In the next stage, BIPV was combined with EC windows, and results indicated that BIPV reduced energy consumption of the building up to 7.55%. Finally, simulation results showed that PVC windows reduced energy consumption of the building up to 16.31% in Kermanshah, 19.69% in Tehran, 18.59% in Yazd and 17.36% in Bandar Abbas. Also, the optimal WWR range of PVC windows in Kermanshah was 80-90%, while it was 70-80% in Tehran, Yazd and Bandar Abbas. Simulation results indicated that cooling degree days (CDD) of the site, where buildings were located, effected on the optimal WWR range of PVC windows in high-rise office buildings. An analytical approach was used to validate simulation results, and it showed that simulation results had 1.60-6.22% error.
The role and performance of supporter directors: A social exchange theory perspective

ABSTRACT Supporter directors are individuals elected to a sports organization’s board to represent the interests of its supporters. Although their inclusion on boards is widely considered to be good ethical practice, recent research shows that supporter directors face distinct challenges that often inhibit them from performing effectively. The purpose of this study was to illuminate how supporter directors can overcome these challenges by, firstly, generating a deeper understanding of the roles of supporter directors in Scottish football clubs and, secondly, analysing how board-level social interaction influences supporter directors role performance. The research method consisted of 17 interviews with individuals who are currently serving, or have previously served, as supporter directors on Scottish football club boards. The findings show that supporter directors perceive their role to encompass three elements: (1) promoting supporters’ interests in board meetings, (2) acting as a conduit of information, and (3) complying with their fiduciary duties. Drawing on the social exchange theory, the findings then revealed a perception among supporter directors that successful performance of those roles is dependent on their ability to initiate and sustain patterns of reciprocal social exchange with their board colleagues. The research provides practical recommendations for supporter directors and other types of stakeholder representatives on how to improve their performance. HIGHLIGHTS The role of the supporter directors encompasses three core elements. Supporter directors face distinct challenges that inhibit them from performing effectively. Supporter directors can enhance their role performance by engaging in reciprocal exchange.
Microneedle‐Based Local Delivery of CCL22 and IL‐2 Enriches Treg Homing to the Skin Allograft and Enables Temporal Monitoring of Immunotherapy Efficacy

Skin allografts only serve as temporary dressing for patients suffering major burns due to their high immunogenicity and rejection by the immune system, requiring systemic immunosuppressive therapies that lead to deleterious side effects. Microneedle arrays composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and placed on skin allografts can locally deliver immunomodulators and simultaneously sample immune cells in interstitial fluid to monitor the response to the therapy. The cells can be retrieved from the microneedles for downstream analysis by degrading the HA using a reducing agent. Using an allogeneic skin transplantation model, it is shown that the microneedle‐mediated local delivery of the chemokine CCL22 (to attract Tregs) and the cytokine IL‐2 (to promote their expansion) increases the local immune suppression in the allograft. Moreover, immune cell population in the allograft correlates with that seen in the microneedles. The delivery and sampling functions of the microneedle arrays can help regulate the immune system locally, without inducing systemic immune suppression, and facilitate the monitoring of the response to the therapy following skin transplantation.
Synthesis of Novel Phosphonyl/S-methyl Ketene Thioacetals and N-Substituted Phosphonyl/S-methyl Thiocarbonates under Microwave Irradiation

Phosphonyl/ S methyl ketene thioacetals and N substituted phosphonyl/ S methyl thiocarbonates novel kinds of synthons for the synthesis of phosphonyl heterocyclic compounds were conveniently synthesized under microwave irradiation with high yields. It showed that the reaction process was significantly enhanced using microwave heating.
The Effect of Seeking Resource Diversity on Post-Alliance Innovation Outcomes

Prior research has studied the influence of R&D resource diversity, but such work only examined a single level of resource diversity. Although alliance partners engage in multiple levels of resource diversity to expand their organizational boundary, we have limited knowledge of how to utilize internal and between partners’ R&D resources. Drawing upon the perspectives of the tensions-based view and organizational boundary, we test the effects of three different levels of resource diversities, simultaneously, on post-alliance innovation outcomes. Using a dataset of 320 U.S. publicly traded firms that participated in a strategic alliance and had a patent filing between 1985 and 2010, our results reveal that internal R&D resource diversity, the R&D diversity between partners, and the similarity of industry level negatively effects innovative outcomes. However, both internal R&D resource diversity and similarity of industry level diminish the negative influence of newly acquired R&D resources from partners. We not only contribute to the existing body of work by investigating multiple levels of diversity but also provide insight to practitioners when engaging in such diversities with different levels.
Methodological aspects of the acromiohumeral distance measurement with ultrasonography—Reliability and effects of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in overhead and non‐overhead athletes

To improve comparability and interpretation of acromiohumeral distance (AHD) measurements, consequences of varying methodological approaches and population specific effects have to be known. This study aimed to investigate the intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of different AHD ultrasound image analysis approaches in asymptomatic overhead‐ and non‐overhead athletes. Furthermore, the impact of shoulder muscle activity as well as relationships between AHD and individual factors were examined in different measurement positions.
A quantitative measure of the degree of output controllability for output regulation control systems: Concept, approach, and applications

Currently, many research studies reveal that for state regulator problems, the higher the degree of controllability is, the better the control effect likely is. Note that for the output regulator problems, the control performance is often evaluated by outputs. This article hence generalizes the concept and applications of degree of controllability to the case of output regulator. To this end, a kind of degree of output controllability is presented. Furthermore, simulations on wind turbines and the inverted pendulum system demonstrate that better control effect may be achieved by increasing the degree of output controllability measure. These results imply that similar to the case of degree of controllability for state regulation control, the degree of output controllability measure is likely a feasible candidate index for the design and optimization of the structural parameters of controlled plants in the case of output regulation control.
PREPARATION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF VARIOUSLY DEACETYLATED CHITIN FIBERS

Variously deacetylated chitin (DAC) fibers were prepared by several coagulant systems, such as CuSO4-NH4OH, alcoholic sodium hydroxide and CuSO4-H2SO4. These fibers were found to have similar tensile properties independent of the spinning conditions. But the higher degree of protein immobilization was observed for DAC fiber prepared from CuSO4-NH4OH coagulant than those by other systems. The tensile properties of DAC fibers, especially wet properties and knot strength, were improved remarkably comparing with those of chitin and alkyl-chitin fibers.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Justice in the Salary Structure: Practice or Symbolism?

Socially responsible companies should provide fair wages and maintain reasonable internal wage gaps as part of a commitment to workers as primary stakeholders of the organization. Our research seeks to clarify the influence of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) system on the salary level of unskilled workers and the magnitude of internal salary gaps between the highest and lowest levels of the organization. We used a sample of 815 companies that are representative of the Chilean business ecosystem and developed a linear regression model with endogenous treatment. Our results show that the declaration of a CSR program positively influences the wage level of unskilled workers but increases the magnitude of internal organizational wage gaps. These findings suggest a partial adherence of companies declaring CSR in terms of commitment to their employees.
The relationship between employee well-being and organizational trust in the context of sustainable human resource management

As the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to grow, new challenges in the organizational and business environment emerge, causing the human resource management (HRM) to develop a flexible yet strategic and sustainable response in the face of instability and uncertainty. HRM practices that focus on employees’ emotional, psychological, and cognitive states are becoming crucial. The aim of this paper is to disclose the relationship between employee well-being and organizational trust in the context of sustainable HRM. The literature analysis revealed that sustainable HRM practices focused on meeting the needs of employees are particularly significant as they positively influence employee well-being. Furthermore, ensuring employee well-being based on sustainable HRM principles leads to increased organizational trust. The results of the analysis proved direct and indirect relationships between employee well-being and organizational trust; however, further research is needed to distinguish the relationship between sustainable human resource management practices and employee well-being, with a mediating role and moderating role of organizational trust.
Ship AIS Trajectory Clustering: An HDBSCAN-Based Approach

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) of ships provides massive data for maritime transportation management and related researches. Trajectory clustering has been widely used in recent years as a fundamental method of maritime traffic analysis to provide insightful knowledge for traffic management and operation optimization, etc. This paper proposes a ship AIS trajectory clustering method based on Hausdorff distance and Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN), which can adaptively cluster ship trajectories with their shape characteristics and has good clustering scalability. On this basis, a re-clustering method is proposed and comprehensive clustering performance metrics are introduced to optimize the clustering results. The AIS data of the estuary waters of the Yangtze River in China has been utilized to conduct a case study and compare the results with three popular clustering methods. Experimental results prove that this method has good clustering results on ship trajectories in complex waters.
Benchmarking Crisis in Social Media Analytics: A Solution for the Data-Sharing Problem

Computational social science uses computational and statistical methods in order to evaluate social interaction. The public availability of data sets is thus a necessary precondition for reliable and replicable research. These data allow researchers to benchmark the computational methods they develop, test the generalizability of their findings, and build confidence in their results. When social media data are concerned, data sharing is often restricted for legal or privacy reasons, which makes the comparison of methods and the replicability of research results infeasible. Social media analytics research, consequently, faces an integrity crisis. How is it possible to create trust in computational or statistical analyses, when they cannot be validated by third parties? In this work, we explore this well-known, yet little discussed, problem for social media analytics. We investigate how this problem can be solved by looking at related computational research areas. Moreover, we propose and implement a prototype to address the problem in the form of a new evaluation framework that enables the comparison of algorithms without the need to exchange data directly, while maintaining flexibility for the algorithm design.
Expanding Travel Constraint Negotiation Theory: An Exploration of Cognitive and Behavioral Constraint Negotiation Relationships

Travel participation and preferences are impacted by a range of constraints, which can be overcome using behavioral (i.e., actions) and cognitive (i.e., mental) constraint negotiation strategies. Given the limited focus on cognitive negotiation in tourism research, this study aims to expand travel constraint negotiation theory using a sequential mixed-methods approach. Qualitative interviews (n=27) with travelers affected by constraints were used to identify emergent themes of cognitive constraint negotiation. A quantitative survey (n=978) was conducted to empirically test hypothesized relationships between constraints and cognitive as well as behavioral negotiation strategies. Results showed cognitive constraint negotiation (1) involved either changes in perceptions of a constraint or travel aspirations, (2) was positively related to behavioral strategies, and (3) mediated the relationship between constraints and behavioral negotiation strategies. Consequently, cognitive constraint negotiation was found to play a more important role than suggested in past studies.
Acupuncture for glucose and lipid metabolic disorders of polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease that is often accompanied by some metabolic abnormality such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. As a non-pharmacological therapy, acupuncture is widely used for the treatment of PCOS, but the effectiveness for insulin resistance and lipid metabolic disorder remains controversial. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for insulin resistance and lipid metabolic disorder of women with PCOS. SEARCH METHODS Eight databases will be searched from inception to June 2021, three clinical trial registration platforms will be searched for relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture therapy for insulin resistance and lipid metabolic of PCOS will be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Study screening, data collection, and analysis will be performed by two or more reviewers independently. We will calculate mean difference (MD), standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Data synthesis will be performed with RevMan V.5. 3 software and with Stata V.15. 0 software when necessary. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020177846.
TRANSFERABLE INHIBITION OF DIRECT SUPPRESSION: EVIDENCE FROM A DOT-PROBE TASK

Previous studies on the Think/No-Think (TNT) paradigm have demonstrated that retrieval stopping causes later forgetting. Although precise mechanisms of this retrieval stopping effect have come under scrutiny, a recent study (Hertel & Hayes, 2015) has provided a signpost finding; that is, in a flanker task subsequent to a TNT task, ratings of words flanked by cues for retrieval stopping were slower among those who stopped retrieval by pushing memories out of awareness (i.e., direct suppression), but not among those who did so by thinking of another memory (i.e., thought substitution). This result is attributable to two possible mechanisms: cues for direct suppression triggered some inhibitory mechanisms (inhibition transfer) or they drew more attention than other cues (attentional capture). The present study clarifies the aftereffect of direct suppression by conducting a TNT experiment with a dot-probe task, wherein probes appear following TNT cues, including suppression ones. Participants who engaged in thought substitution showed attentional capture by TNT cues; faster responses to probes presented in the same position of TNT cues, and slower responses to probes presented in the opposite position. However, those who engaged in direct suppression did not show attentional capture. These results are clearly inconsistent with the attentional capture account for the aftereffect of direct suppression, which, in turn, favours inhibition transfer account. Correlation analyses also supported inhibition transfer. Repeated direct suppression might associate suppression cues with inhibitory mechanisms, resulting in inhibition exerted automatically by the presentation of suppression cues.
Global adaptation governance: how intergovernmental organizations mainstream climate change adaptation

ABSTRACT Climate change adaptation is increasingly being mainstreamed into all types of organizations across the world. A large number of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), such as the European Union, the World Bank, or Food and Agriculture Organization, have already started to mainstream adaptation. Yet, despite a surge in scholarly interest in climate policy integration over the past decade, adaptation is still predominantly studied as a local issue and mainstreaming in IGOs remains poorly understood. In this article, we develop and test an innovative framework for examining adaptation mainstreaming practices in IGOs. Using quantitative and qualitative data derived from extensive fieldwork conducted between 2017 and 2020, we examine mainstreaming practices in a large number of IGOs and arrive at two key findings. First, adaptation has been mainstreamed within the procedures and outputs of IGOs across ten (nonclimate) issue areas, while there is also evidence of important issue-specific variation. Second, there is variation across mainstreaming practices in the sense that discursive mainstreaming is most common, whereas more concrete collaboration, policy change affecting projects and programs, and budget allocations are less common. We conclude with a discussion of how our framework can inform the theory and practice of global adaptation governance. KEY POLICY INSIGHTS IGOs have mainstreamed adaptation into a large array of issue areas, yet scholarly and practical debates remain siloed. Mainstreaming adaptation has advanced most in IGOs in the areas of food and development and least in the domain of migration and security. Discursive mainstreaming is more common than other types of adaptation mainstreaming in IGOs, regardless of the issue area. Global governance is a distinct setting in which powerful states, institutional complexity, and funding constraints strongly affect IGO practices to successfully mainstream adaptation.