Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal evolution of Antarctic supraglacial lakes in 2015–2021 and 
links to environmental controls

Abstract. Supraglacial meltwater accumulation on ice shelves may have important implications for future sea-level-rise. Despite recent progress in the understanding of Antarctic surface hydrology, potential influences on ice shelf stability as well as links to environmental drivers remain poorly constrained. In this study, we employ state-of-the-art machine learning on Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to provide new insight into the inter-annual and intra-annual evolution of surface hydrological features across six major Antarctic Peninsula and East Antarctic ice shelves. For the first time, we produce a record of supraglacial lake extent dynamics for the period 2015–2021 at unprecedented 10 m spatial resolution and bi-weekly temporal scale. Through synergetic use of optical and SAR data, we obtain a more complete mapping record enabling the delineation of also buried lakes. Our results for Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves reveal below average meltwater ponding during most of melting seasons 2015–2018 and above average meltwater ponding throughout summer 2019–2020 and early 2020–2021. Meltwater ponding on investigated East Antarctic ice shelves was far more variable with above average lake extents during most of melting seasons 2016–2019 and below average lake extents during 2020–2021. This study is the first to investigate relationships with climate drivers both, spatially and temporally including time lag analysis. The results indicate that supraglacial lake formation in 2015–2021 is coupled to the complex interplay of varying air temperature, solar radiation, snowmelt, wind and precipitation, each at different time lags and directions and with strong local to regional discrepancies, as revealed through pixel-based correlation analysis. Southern Hemisphere atmospheric modes as well as the local glaciological setting including melt-albedo feedbacks and the firn air content were revealed to strongly influence the spatio-temporal evolution of supraglacial lakes as well as below or above average meltwater ponding despite variations in the strength of forcing. Recent increases of Antarctic Peninsula surface ponding point towards a further reduction of the firn air content implying an increased risk for ponding and hydrofracture. In addition, lateral meltwater transport was observed over both Antarctic regions with similar implications for future ice shelf stability.
The Changing Link between Labor Cost and Price Inflation in the United States

The link between US labor cost and price inflation has weakened notably over the past three decades. In this paper we document this decline and analyse potential contributing factors. We consider four important trends that have shaped the US economy of late: (i) improved anchoring of inflation expectations; (ii) the changing constellation of shocks hitting the economy; (iii) increased trade integration and (iv) rising firm market power. We find that the improved anchoring of inflation expectations has played a particularly relevant role but also that the latter two trends offer promising avenues to understand the decline in pass-through from labor cost to price inflation. Our results also bring supportive evidence to the view taken by the FED in the context of its monetary policy strategy review that a robust job market can be sustained without causing an outbreak of inflation. JEL Classification: C32, E24, E31
Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) based Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a fast and efficient functional genomics tool (Becker and Lange, 2009; Baulcombe, 1999) and a method for rapid silencing of plant genes in order to discover their function (Becker and Lange, 2009; Purkayastha and Dasgupta, 2009). Virusinduced gene silencing (VIGS) offers an attractive and quick alternative for knocking out expression of a gene without the need to genetically transform the plant. VIGS International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL RELATIONAL MODELLING AND PREDICTION: INTRODUCING THE SDG-CAP-EXT METHODOLOGY

A methodology for UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) attainment prediction is presented, the Sustainable Development Goals Correlation Attainment Predictions Extended framework SDG-CAP-EXT. Unlike previous SDG attainment methodologies, SDG-CAP-EXT takes into account the potential for a causal relationship between SDG indicators both with respect to the geographic entity under consideration (intra-entity) and neighbouring geographic entities to the current entity (inter-entity). The challenge is in the discovery of such causal relationships. A ensemble approach is presented that combines the results of a number of alternative causality relationship identification mechanisms. The identified relationships are used to build multi-variate time series prediction models that feed into a bottom-up SDG prediction taxonomy, which is used to make SDG attainment predictions and rank countries using a proposed Attainment Likelihood Index that reflects the likelihood of goal attainment. The framework is fully described and evaluated. The evaluation demonstrates that the SDG-CAP-EXT framework can produce better predictions than alternative models that do not consider the potential for intraand inter-causal relationships.
LupIO: a collection of education-friendly I/O devices

LupIO is a comprehensive and open-source collection of education-friendly I/O devices. This collection defines the interfaces of the most common devices found in modern RISC-based computers, and makes it possible to build complete systems using only LupIO devices, even complex multicore systems. Each device interface is designed to be simple and clear, with an optimal balance between features and complexity. The register maps exposed by the devices are neatly organized by type and arranged consistently across devices. Developing implementations of LupIO devices, as well as corresponding device drivers, is meant to be straightforward and accessible to students at the undergraduate and graduate level. As a proof of concept, LupIO was entirely implemented as virtual devices in QEMU, along with corresponding device drivers in Linux, and we were able to successfully boot a RISC-V based dual-core virtual machine. The specifications are available at https://gitlab.com/luplab/lupio. CCS CONCEPTS • Computer systems organization $\rightarrow$ Architectures; •Applied computing $\rightarrow$ Education. ACM Reference Format:Joël Porquet-Lupine. 2021. LupIO: a collection of education-friendly I/O devices. In Proceedings of Workshop on Computer Architecture Education (WCAE’21). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn
Biotransformation of the Analgesic-Antipyretic Drugs Metamizole and Aminopyrine by Genetically Polymorphic Enzymes

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Analgetika bzw. aktiven Analgetika-Metaboliten 4-Methylaminoantipyrin (abgeleitet vom Metamizol) und 4-Dimethylaminoantipyrin (auch bekannt als Antipyrin oder Aminopyrin) • Der in vitro Metabolismus von 4-Methylaminoantipyrin zu 4-Aminoantipyrin in Rattenlebermikrosomen (1.25 mg/ml Protein) konnte durch einen KM-Wert von 30,9 µmol/l und einen Vmax-Wert von 58.5 pmol/mg/min charakterisiert werden. Omeprazol bewirkte mit einem IC50-Wert von 0.05 mM die starkste Inhibition der 4-Methylaminoantipyrin-Demethylierung in Rattenlebermikrosomen. • In humanen Lebermikrosomen (2.5 mg/ml Protein) wurden ein KM-Wert von 251 µmol/l und ein Vmax-Wert von 144 pmol/mg/min ermittelt. Co-Inkubationen mit Omeprazol (CYP2C19), Fluvoxamin (CYP2C19 and CYP1A2) oder Tranylcypromin (CYP2C19) fuhrten jeweils zu einer starken Inhibition (IC50-Werte von 0.07, 0.07 and 0.18 mmol/l). • Eine Entstehung von 4-Aminoantipyrin aus 4-Methylaminoantipyrin konnte unter Zugabe aller der rekombinanten Enzyme CYP450 beobachtet werden. Die hochste Aktivitat in der Bildung von 4-Aminopyrin zeigte das rekombinante Enzym CYP2C19 mit einer intrinsischen Clearance von 0.092 µl/pmol CYP/min. Fur weitere Enzyme mit einer nennenswerten 5-Methylaminoantipyrin-Demethylaseaktivitat ergaben sich folgende Clearance-Werte: 0.027 µl/pmol CYP/min (CYP2D6), 0.026 µl/pmol CYP/min (CYP1A2), 0.017 µl/pmol CYP/min (CYP1A1) und 0.016 µl/pmol CYP/min (CYP2C8). • Aus diesen Ergebnissen schlossen wir, dass CYP2C19 das wichtigste Cytochrom-P450-Enzym im Metabolismus von 4-Methylaminoantiyprin sowohl beim Menschen als auch bei der Ratte ist, jedoch scheinen auch die Enzyme CYP2D6 und CYP1A2 eine gewisse Rolle bei dieser Metabolisierung zu spielen. • In humanen Lebermikrosomen (2.5 mg/ml Protein) ergaben sich fur die Demethylierung von Dimethylaminoantipyrin (Antipyrin) zu Methylaminoantipyrin ein KM-Wert von 472 µmol/l und ein Vmax-Wert von 443 pmol/mg/min. Unter Co-Inkubation mit Chinidin (ein prototypischer CYP2D6-Inhibitor) und mit Moclobemid (ein Inhibitor inbesondere von CYP2C19) zeigte sich eine starke Inhibition dieser Reaktionen. • Eine Bildung von 4-Methylaminoantipyrin aus Dimethylaminoantipyrin erfolgte in Inkubationen mit rekombinantem CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP1A2, CYP3A5 und CYP2C8, wobei Antipyrin durch CYP2D6 mit einer intrinsischen Clearance von 0.11 µl/pmol CYP/min am aktivsten umgesetzt wurde. Die durch CYP2C19, CYP1A1 und CYP1B1 vermittelten intrinsischen Clearances waren mit Werten von 0.02 µl/pmol CYP/min signifikant niedriger. Zusammengefasst lassen die vorliegenden Ergebnisse darauf schliesen, dass CYP2C19 und CYP2D6 medizinisch relevante Enzyme darstellen, die am Metabolismus der analgetisch-antipyretischen Arzneimittel Metamizol und Aminopyrin.
Deep Learning Model for Diagnosis of Corona Virus Disease from CT Images

—Purpose: SARS-COV-2, a severe acute respiratory syndrome, has caused more than 1 million to be infected worldwide. Corona Virus Disease, known as COVID-19, has cases that are worldwide and widespread. What is worse, this number continues to increase. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 and finding high-risk patients with a worse prognosis for early prevention is vital. It is essential to screen as many as suspect cases for appropriate quarantine and treatment measures to control the spread of the disease. The viral test based on samples taken from the lower respiratory tract is the critical standard of diagnosis. However, the availability and quality of laboratory tests in the infected area may cause inaccurate results, false positive. Methods: In this study, a Deep Learning (DL) method for COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic analysis using Computed Tomography (CT) scans is studied. Based on the COVID-19 CT images, it is aimed to diagnose COVID-19 at an early stage. Thus, it may take place before a clinical diagnosis before pathogenic testing. Results: For the testing probability of the disease, 5800 CT images were taken from Kaggle web. 4640 (80%) CT images are used as the training step, while 1160 (20%) images are benefitted for the testing step. AlexNet has achieved an overall accuracy of 94. 74%, with 87. 37% sensitivity and 87. 45% as specificity while Inception-V4 has an overall accuracy of 84. 14%, with 87. 09% sensitivity and 84. 14% as specificity. These results show the high value of using Deep learning for early diagnosis of COVID-19. Deep learning is used as a beneficial tool for fast screening COVID-19. In this study, it is benefitted to find potential high-risk patients.
Strategies based on social network analysis for enhancing the learning climate at universities

: The aim of this study was to detect leaders among a group of university students based on their centrality scores and, from these scores, to distribute roles to help enhance learning climate. We understood that learning climate improved when the construction of networked knowledge was stimulated from the perspective of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. We conducted the educational experiment in a virtual environment. An online discussion forum was set up in a loosely structured format, and the students’ centrality scores were calculated from the social network they generated in the forum. Our findings show that student connectivity increased significantly and that several leadership styles were detected. Based on these leadership styles we designed strategies for optimizing learning climate in a self-regulated and stable way. Based on the type of centrality, we detected leaders in terms of their popularity, sociability, closeness to others, control of information flowing through the network, and influence. The novelty of this study resides in the incipient production of educational technology based on Social Network Analysis and, specifically, on the design of centrality-based strategies for optimizing climate in the university classroom.
Differential Effects of Dietary Components on Glucose Intolerance and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

Pharmacological treatment modalities for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) are scarce, and discoveries are challenged by lack of predictive animal models adequately reflecting severe human disease stages and co-morbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. To mimic human NAFLD/NASH etiology, many preclinical models rely on specific dietary components, though metabolism may differ considerably between species, potentially affecting outcomes and limiting comparability between studies. Consequently, understanding the physiological effects of dietary components is critical for high translational validity. This study investigated the effects of high fat, cholesterol, and carbohydrate sources on NASH development and metabolic outcomes in guinea pigs. Diet groups (n = 8/group) included: low-fat low-starch (LF-LSt), low-fat high-starch (LF-HSt), high-fat (HF) or HF with 4.2%, or 8.4% sugar water supplementation. The results showed that caloric compensation in HF animals supplied with sugar water led to reduced feed intake and a milder NASH phenotype compared to HF. The HF group displayed advanced NASH, weight gain and glucose intolerance compared to LF-LSt animals, but not LF-HSt, indicating an undesirable effect of starch in the control diet. Our findings support the HF guinea pig as a model of advanced NASH and highlights the importance in considering carbohydrate sources in preclinical studies of NAFLD.
Água Quente na Superação da Dormência em Sementes de Paricarana.

A dormência é um fenômeno pelo qual as sementes de uma determinada espécie, mesmo sendo viáveis e tendo condições ambientais favoráveis (água, luz, gases (O2), temperatura e substrato), não germinam. Embora seja um mecanismo efi ciente para garantir a sobrevivência e perpetuação da espécie, a dormência se constitui num fator limitante à sua propagação, tendo em vista que apenas pequenas porcentagens das sementes germinam em condições naturais (LOPES et al., 1998).
Simulation of the transmitted dose in an EPID using a Monte Carlo method

This electronic version is made publicly available by the University of Adelaide in accordance with its open access policy for student theses. Copyright in this thesis remains with the author. This thesis may incorporate third party material which has been used by the author pursuant to Fair Dealing exceptions. If you are the owner of any included third party copyright material you wish to be removed from this electronic version, please complete the take down form located at: http://www.adelaide. edu.au/legals
Improved persistent grid mapping

We propose a novel heightmap-based terrain rendering algorithm that enhances the Persistent Grid Mapping (PGM) method. As in the underlying method, we cache a regular triangulated grid in video memory and use the GPU to project the mesh onto the ground plane each frame anew. Each vertex in the grid is then displaced according to the sampled heightmap value along the ground plane’s normal vector. The perspective mapping of the grid results in a view-dependent, continuous level-of-detail approximation of the terrain dataset. PGM is a simple and elegant terrain rendering algorithm, however, as the camera hovers over the terrain, projected vertex positions slide over the terrain. This leads to the underlying static terrain surface changing shape slightly from frame to frame. We address these swimming artifacts by introducing four improvements: tailoring the projected grid, which pushes most otherwise culled vertices back into the view frustum, redistributing grid vertices according to an importance function for more faithful mipmap selection when sampling the heightmap, local terrain edge search for vertices within a certain proximity to the camera, and exploiting temporal coherence between frames. While our algorithm cannot guarantee a maximum screen-space error, it nevertheless reduces PGM’s inherent temporal aliasing artifacts considerably.
Health Related Quality of Life of Children with Thalassemia Major in Two Selected Hospitals in Sri Lanka

Introduction: Thalassemia is an inherited hemoglobin disorder. There are two types; thalassemia major and minor. Thalassemia major directly affects children’s physical, emotional, social and school functions. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is an important indicator to assess the health of human. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using 60 children (age 2-12 years) with thalassemia major who attended clinics in two selected hospitals in Sri Lanka from July to September 2018. Demographic data and risk factors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. HRQoL data were collected using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 Generic Core Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Mean values of the total functioning scores of physical, emotional, social and school were 89.42 (±9.20), 87.83 (±10.43), 95.00 (±7.53) and 78.75 (±14.13) respectively. Age of the children was significantly associated with emotional functioning (p=0.046), school functioning (p=0.023), psychosocial health (p=0.021) and the total summary score (p=0.006). Total number of blood transfusions per year of the patient was significantly associated with physical functioning (p=0.002), psychosocial health (p=0.045) and total summary score (p=0.034). Conclusions: Age and the total number of blood transfusions per year significantly affect the HRQoL of children with thalassemia major. Gender, type of iron chelation and age at first blood transfusion did not affect HRQoL of the children.Keywords: HRQoL, Thalassemia major, Haemoglobin disorder
Challenge to Bolster the Evidence Base for 4-H Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Programming

Research has shown that participation in 4-H science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs is associated with positive youth outcomes, including higher science and math standardized test scores. In reflecting on the 4-H Science initiative's logic model and recent evaluative studies of 4-H STEM programs, we identified a need for systematic, comprehensive literature reviews and meta-analyses of published materials about 4-H STEM programs. We issue a challenge to the Cooperative Extension System and land-grant universities to conduct such research to communicate impacts of 4-H STEM programs, describe successful 4-H STEM programs, identify best practices and strengthen 4-H STEM programs, and improve STEM programming for children and youths overall.
A Discovery-based Workflow for Educational Measurement

Author(s): Clairmont, Anthony | Advisor(s): Maul, Andrew; Lee, Jin Sook | Abstract: Educational researchers are often tasked with postulating and measuring unknown processes that account for observed outcomes. Logically, this requires inductive reasoning about which constructs are relevant to the situation we seek to understand, prior to attempts at measurement. Exploratory mixed methods designs, along with a few classic designs from psychometrics, represent the canonical approaches to addressing this research problem. However, I argue that these canonical approaches require rethinking in order to fully embrace both the logic of discovery and the philosophy of measurement. Four normative strands are presented to guide this rethinking: an emphasis on the logic of discovery alongside the customary logic of justification, a move towards radical transparency, an invitation to philosophical exploration, and an appeal to integrate qualitative analysis at every major step of the measurement process. The result of following these normative strands would be a discovery-based workflow for educational measurement. To illustrate such a workflow, I take as an example data from a program evaluation of an intervention for underrepresented minority students in a university STEM program.
Forecasting Number of Legal Violations in Indonesian Sea Using the Fuzzy Double Exponential Smoothing Method

Maritime security in Indonesia is an indicator of the success of the Government in managing the sovereignty of the State because two-thirds of Indonesia is sea, so Indonesia is called a maritime country. This study aims to predict the number of law violations in Indonesian seas. Predicting events is a strategic step to set the next security operation strategy. The method used to predict violations of law at sea in Indonesia is Fuzzy Double Exponential Smoothing, the Fuzzy method is used to normalize violation data and the Double Exponential Smoothing method is used to predict future events, a combination of fuzzy and double exponential smoothing methods was developed to improve some previous research which only use exponential smoothing only in making predictions. The data processed is data on violations of law at sea in Indonesia from 1996 to 2019 from the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency. The results obtained from this study are the data smoothing constant value (α = 0.81), the trend smoothing value (γ = 0.08), the mean absolute percentage error value (MAPE = 21.78%) and the root mean value average error (RMSE = 60.72). The results of this study predict that the number of violations of law at sea in Indonesia in 2020 will decrease to 98 cases, this is due to several factors, including the focus of the Government on carrying out security operations in Indonesian seas in an integrated manner involving many institutions. The research contribution can be considered by Indonesian Maritime Security Agency to improve Indonesia's maritime security by involving institutions that have legal authority in Indonesian seas
Response of total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of bush tea and special tea using different selected extraction solvents

The positive health benefits associated with tea are made possible by the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds present in tea. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.) and special tea (Monsonia burkeana) were studied. The extractions were done in triplicate using cold water (5, 10 and 15 minutes), hot water (5, 10 and 15 minutes), 95% acetone, 95% methanol and 95% hexane. The experiments were arranged in a complete randomised design (CRD), and samples were extracted in triplicates in each treatment. Results demonstrated that total phenolic content ranged from 2.83 mg GAE / 100 g to 4.93 mg GAE / 100 g for bush tea and 2.60 mg GAE / 100 g to 6.24 mg GAE / 100 g for special tea. The ABTS antioxidant activity ranged from 34.41 µmol TE / g to 58.34 µmol TE / g in bush tea and 86.49 µmol TE / g to 197.46 µmol TE / g in special tea. The DPPH antioxidant activity in bush tea ranged from 59.87 µmol TE / g to 77.17 µmol TE / g and in special tea from 93.78 µmol TE / g to 109.13 µmol TE / g. Special tea had significantly higher total phenols and antioxidant activity (p<0.05) than bush tea. Hot water extractions were found to be comparable to chemical solvent extractions. This suggests that the potential benefits associated with consumption of beverages containing phenolic compounds can be expected from the consumption of these teas.