Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Fluid‐Wettable Effective Pore Space in the Utica and Bakken Oil Shale Formations

Combined (ultra‐) small angle neutron scattering measurements [(U)SANS] and a contrast matching technique were employed to quantify the porosity and pore size distribution from 1 nm to 10 μm and to differentiate accessible (open) pores and inaccessible (closed) pores with respect to organophilic and hydrophilic fluids for two Utica and two Bakken shale samples. The results indicate that around 40–70% of the pores in the Utica oil shales (mixed carbonate mudstone) are accessible to oil, and 34–37% of the pore surfaces are water‐wet. In contrast, the Bakken oil shales (mixed siliceous mudstone and carbonate/siliceous mudstone), which have high total organic carbon contents, have a higher proportion of isolated pore space that is not preferentially wet by oil or water, with less than 36% of the pores accessible to both fluids. In addition, for both formations, pores less than 3 nm in diameter are not oil accessible (organic matter related) but water accessible (clay tactoids related).
Synthesis of a novel magnetic nano-zeolite and its application as an efficient heavy metal adsorbent

A novel magnetic nano-zeolite (MNZ@MS) is successfully synthesized, characterized and applied to adsorp heavy metals from solution. In the synthesis of MNZ@MS, the fly ash magnetic sphere (MS) and [C18H37 (CH3)2-N+-(CH2)3 -N+-(CH3)2C18H37] Cl2 is used as carrier and directing agent, respectively. The characterization results of XRD, XRF, XPS and SEM demonstrate that the nano-scale (200–600 nm) Linde F(K) zeolite completely wraps the magnetic spherical fly ash particle, and the saturation magnetization value of MNZ@MS is around 17.7 emu g−1. MNZ@MS exhibits a favorable and efficient adsorption performances on heavy metals, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu, Cd and Pb on MNZ@MS is 59.9 mg g−1, 188 . 6 mg g−1 and 909.1 mg g−1, respectively. The higher pH value in solution is more conducive to the adsorption process of heavy metals on MNZ@MS. The adsorption is a fast process, well represented by the pseudo-second-order model. Concerning the equilibrium behavior, Langmuir isotherm model are more suitable for describing the adsorption. Furthermore, in competitive adsorption system, the adsorption process of Pb is the most difficult to be interfered, and the order of adsorption advantage is Pb>Cu>Cd. MNZ@MS may be applied as a low-cost and efficient magnetic adsorbent for wastewater treatment to remove heavy metals.
Comparison of Different Extraction Methods for the Recovery of Olive Leaves Polyphenols

In the present study, advanced extraction techniques, microwave (MAE), ultrasound (UAE), and high pressure (HPAE)-assisted extraction, were applied to improve extraction efficiency of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves polyphenols. The effect of sample mass (1.5 and 3 g), MAE—time (2, 8.5, and 15 min) and temperature (45 and 80 °C), UAE—time (7, 14, and 21 min) and amplitude (50 and 100%) and HPAE—time (1, 5.5, and 10 min) and pressure (300 and 500 MPa) on the concentration of each analyzed polyphenol compound was examined. Identified polyphenols were oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, verbascoside, and rutin. All three advanced extraction techniques yielded higher content of total polyphenols when compared to the conventional heat-reflux extraction (CE) along with a significant reduction of extraction time from 60 (CE) to 2, 21, and 5.5 min in MAE, UAE, and HPAE, respectively. The most intensive values of tested parameters in each technique were the ones that promoted cell wall disruption, e.g., temperature of 80 °C in MAE, 100% amplitude in UAE and 500 MPa in HPAE. MAE and UAE were more efficient in total polyphenols’ recovery than HPAE.
Six-months CrossFit training improves metabolic efficiency in young trained men (Seis meses de CrossFit mejora la eficiencia metabólica en jóvenes entrenados)

The objective was to analyse the effects of 6 months’ CrossFit on physical performance, metabolic efficiency, body composition, and biochemical parameters. Ten trained CrossFit practitioners were assessed before and after CrossFit training. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters and physical performance parameters were assessed with functional and incremental tests. After 6 months of CrossFit, fat oxidation rate and energy percentage obtained from fat significantly increased (+221.43%; p=.043 and +222.39%; p=.043 respectively) with a concomitant decrease in carbohydrate oxidation rate and use of carbohydrates in maximal values (-47.35%; p=.043 and -34.41%; p=.043, respectively). In the maximal fat oxidation zone, maximal oxygen uptake increased (+20.3%; p=.043). Fat oxidation rate significantly increased with a concomitant decrease in carbohydrate oxidation rate (+62.75% vs -27.67%; p=.043). Lactate dehydrogenase values increased significantly (+27.13%; p= .043). In conclusion, 6 months of CrossFit improves the metabolic efficiency of the fat oxidation zone, without muscle damage. === El objetivo del estudio fue examinar los efectos de un periodo de entrenamiento de 6 meses de CrossFit sobre el rendimiento fisico, eficiencia metabolica, composicion corporal y parametros bioquimicos. Diez practicantes habituales de CrossFit fueron evaluados antes y despues de 6 meses de entrenamiento. Medidas antropometricas, sanguineas y parametros de rendimientos fueron medidos a traves de test funcionales y un test incremental. Tras seis meses de CrossFit, el ratio de oxidacion y porcentaje de energia de grasa obtenido se incremento significativamente (+221.43%; p=.043 and +222.39%; p=.043 respectivamente) en detrimento de los valores de hidratos de carbono en valores maximos (-47.35%; p=.043 and -34.41%; p=.043 respectivamente). En la zona de maxima oxidacion de grasa, el volumen de oxigeno maximo incremento (+20.3%; p=.043). El ratio de oxidacion de grasa aumento significativamente en detrimento del ratio de carbohidratos (+62.75% vs -27.67%; p=.043). Los valores de lactato deshidrogrenasa incrementaron significativamente (+27.13%; p= .043). En conclusion, seis meses de CrossFit mejora la eficiencia metabolica en cuanto al ratio de oxidacion de grasa, sin conllevar danos musculares.
Long-term changes in the seasonal timing of landbird migration on the Pacific Flyway

ABSTRACT The seasonal phenology of latitudinal movements is one of the key life-history traits of migratory birds. We used quantile regression to examine long-term changes in the timing of spring and autumn migration in 5 species of migratory passerine birds captured at a banding station in northern California, USA, over a 22 yr period from 1987 to 2008. Our 5 study species included 3 short-distance migrants, Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis), Orange-crowned Warbler (Oreothlypis celata), and Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina pusilla); and 2 long-distance migrants, Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) and Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia). Median timing of migration advanced in spring for 2 of the 5 species (−2.5 days decade−1) but was delayed during autumn migration for 3 of the species (+2.9 days decade−1). The duration of the migration period also became compressed in some species but more protracted in others. We tested whether annual variation in migration timing was related to 3 indices of regional climatic conditions: the Pacific–North American index, multivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation index, and North Atlantic Oscillation index. Climate indices explained relatively little of the variation in migration timing (r2 < 0.35), but advances in spring migration and delays in autumn migration were associated with warm, wet conditions during positive phases of the climate indices. The strongest effects of climatic conditions on migration timing were found among short-distance migrants, with the largest changes in timing due to variation in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Pacific–North American indices. Linkages between the timing of movements and climatic conditions indicate that passerine birds on the Pacific coast exhibit phenotypic plasticity in their migration timing, but future studies based on experimental methods are needed to test alternative ecological mechanisms.
Connections Between Inositol Phosphate Signaling and Energy Responses in Plants

The ability for an organism to sense and respond appropriately to its environment is often critical for survival. One mechanism for this is the inositol phosphate (InsP) signaling pathway. This work focuses on the role of InsP signaling in maintaining energy homeostasis in the plant. InsP signaling is connected to energy sensing in plants via a protein complex containing both the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTase13) and the Sucrose non-Fermenting Related Kinase 1 (SnRK1). SnRK1 is considered a fuel gauge for the plant cell that senses energy status and reprograms growth appropriately. While the SnRK1.1 gene has been well studied, the role other SnRK1 isoforms play in energy or stress signaling is less well understood. This work examined the role of 3 SnRK1 isoforms in energy signaling, finding that SnRK1.1 and SnRK1.2 are regulated and function differently in Arabidopsis. The second part of this work focuses on the inositol pyrophosphates, which are a novel group of InsP signaling molecules containing diphosphate or triphosphate chains (i.e. PPx) attached to the inositol ring. These PPx-InsPs are emerging as critical players in the integration of cellular metabolism and stress signaling in nonplant eukaryotes. Most eukaryotes synthesize the precursor molecule, myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5,6)hexakisphosphate (InsP6), which can serve as a signaling molecule or as storage compound of inositol, phosphorus, and minerals. Even though plants produce huge amounts of InsP6 in seeds, almost no attention has been paid to whether PPx-InsPs exist in plants, and if so, what roles these
The social relationships of three generations identified as disabled in childhood

Social isolation and loneliness have received substantial attention for their impacts on well-being and mortality. Both social isolation and loneliness can be experienced by anyone across the life course, but some are more vulnerable than others. One risk factor for poorer social outcomes is disability. We draw on data from three longitudinal studies, the National Child Development Study (Great Britain), Next Steps (England) and the Millennium Cohort Study (UK) to compare social relationships across three generations, born between 1958 and 2000/02 in countries of the UK. We examine social relationships at different life stages and how they differ between those who were and were not identified as disabled when they were teenagers. Adjusting for family background and educational attainment, which are associated with both disability and poorer social outcomes, we identify the long-term consequences of childhood disability for risks of social isolation among the older cohort. For the younger cohorts, we evaluate early indications of such patterns. We find substantially smaller intimate and friendship networks, and lower perceived social support among 50-year-olds who were disabled in childhood. Today’s disabled youth and teenagers also experience greater social isolation and risks of loneliness than their non-disabled contemporaries.
O papel da comunicação: a utilização das redes sociais nos cuidados de saúde primários

Sabe-se que o crescimento dos utilizadores das redes sociais obrigou muitas instituições a considerar a relevância deste canal de comunicação. Nada se sabe, contudo, sobre a utilização das redes sociais pelos ACeS – Agrupamentos de Centros de Saúde, serviços públicos integrados no Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS), que têm por missão a prestação de cuidados de saúde primários, a promoção da saúde e prevenção da doença e a ligação a outros serviços para a continuidade dos cuidados. No ato da sua criação, em 2008, o governo reconheceu que os cuidados de saúde primários são o pilar central do sistema de saúde. Defende-se, neste estudo, que a comunicação deve estar orientada para o cumprimento da missão das instituições. Deste modo, pretende-se perceber de que forma a comunicação desenvolvida por estas instituições do SNS, particularmente a que recorre às redes sociais, está a contribuir para o cumprimento das suas missões organizacionais. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os ACeS que estão presentes no Facebook e analisar a comunicação que aí tem sido desenvolvida. O corpus de análise foi constituído pelo universo de todos os ACeS existentes em Portugal. As fontes dos nossos dados foram todas as publicações públicas nas páginas de Facebook dos ACeS em 2018. Para a análise sistemática dos dados (análise das mensagens manifestas), utilizou-se o método de análise de conteúdo tanto com cariz quantitativo como qualitativo.
A theory of status and coordination in organizations

Firms can motivate workers by offering them social status. Much of the literature argues that a rise in status is a powerful work incentive while ignoring its impact on coordination. This article shows that when workers need to collaborate while having individual vested interests, status differences may reduce the organization value by distorting efforts from different workers. However, status differences can increase the organization value when status effects changes in both authority allocation and cost of taking actions amongst workers. These results have practical implications for human resource management and promotion policies.
‘Sejong the Great would turn in his grave!’

The newly renovated Seoul Express Bus Terminal, which reopened at the end of 2019, has caused an uproar among the South Korean public. The fact that its ticket booth sign is written only in English – ‘TICKETS’ – was pointed out by one Twitter user (see Figure 1), and the message went viral among internet users. It took only a week or so for the issue to make headlines in Yonhap News – one of the major news agencies in South Korea (hereafter ‘Korea’) that provides news articles and pictures for newspapers, TV networks, and online media. The news article criticised that not only the ticket booth sign but also the sign of a nearby drug store is written exclusively in English – ‘pharmacy’.
Predation by the centropagid copepod, Boeckella major, structuring microinvertebrate communities in the absence of fish

In preliminary surveys of temporary pools in the Upper River Murray floodplain (NSW, Australia) (SHIEL et al. 1998), we foun d very diverse invertebrate communities, dominated by rotifers and microcrustaceans and lacking fish. There were great variations in species diversiry and community size structure berween pools, and many contained o ne o r more of the calanoid copepods Boeckella major (body length up to 4.4 mm), B. pseudochelae (length up to 2.9 mm) and Hemiboeckella searli (length up to 2.5 mm). These are similar in size to large Norrh American diaptomids that are carnivorous and whose predation can affect the communiry structure of pool communities (e. g. LUECKE & O'BRIEN 1983, WoNG & CHow-FRASER 1985, PAUL et al. 1995). We suspected that the divergent community structures of the temporary pools might be caused by size selective predation by these large calanoids. The aims of this paper are thus to determine whether any o r all of the three species are carnivorous and, if so, whether the variations in community size structure and diversity amongst the pools are correlated with the incidence o f the copepods.
Bioproductos en el crecimiento y rendimiento de Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Delicia 364

Los actuales sistemas de producción de alimentos requieren el empleo de alternativas con enfoques ecológicos y asequibles, entre los que se destaca el uso de los bioproductos generados por la acción de microorganismos que actúan en la nutrición, crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta de Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Delicia 364 a la aplicación de bioproductos (hongos micorrícicos arbusculares y Spiruvinas) en macetas de plástico con volumen de 44 L de capacidad. En el presente experimento se utilizó el bioproducto Azofert. El experimento se realizó en el municipio El Salvador, provincia Guantánamo, Cuba. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron en un diseño completamente al azar: (T1) Azofert sin HMA (testigo); (T2) Azofert sin HMA + 2 L ha-1 de Spiruvinas; (T3) Azofert + Rhizophagus irregularis; (T4) Azofert + Glomus cubense; (T5) Azofert + Funneliformis mosseae; (T6) Azofert + Rhizophagus irregularis + 2 L ha-1 de Spiruvinas; (T7) Azofert + Glomus cubense + 2 L ha-1 de Spiruvinas; (T8) Azofert + Funneliformis mosseae + 2 L ha-1 de Spiruvinas. Se evaluó: altura de las plantas, diámetro del tallo, número de vainas, número de granos por vainas, peso de 100 granos y rendimiento. Además, se evaluó el funcionamiento micorrícico mediante la colonización micorrícica y la densidad visual. Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación de bioproductos (hongos micorrícicos arbusculares y Spiruvinas) incrementaron el crecimiento y el rendimiento del cultivo de frijol var. Delicia 364; asimismo, con la combinación Azofert + Rhizophagus irregularis + Spiruvinas se obtuvo el mayor rendimiento con 2.11 Mg ha-1, lo que representa 37.9% más que el promedio nacional.
‘Just checking’: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism subtypes as predictors of phubbing

“Phubbing” (phone snubbing) refers to a set of behaviors where phone users focus on their mobile phone instead of interacting with their physically proximal companions. Building on existing understanding of problematic phone use, this study examined narcissism subtypes as predictors of phubbing behavior. Participants (n = 250 smartphone users) completed an anonymous online study where they reported their phubbing behaviors and completed measures of vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. Analysis was via multiple regression, with vulnerable and grandiose narcissism as predictors; psychopathy and Machiavellianism were also included to account for shared variance with grandiose narcissism. As hypothesized, vulnerable narcissism emerged as a significant predictor in the model, such that higher levels of vulnerable narcissism were associated with more phubbing. In light of previously established negative social outcomes associated with phubbing behaviors, we conclude that although phubbing might help those high in vulnerable narcissism to manage their need for admiration and their contingent self-worth, phubbing may be particularly problematic for these individuals.
Found or Fly: Nutrient loading of dispersing ant queens decreases metrics of flight ability (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Young ant queens face two conflicting challenges. First, they must fly to mate, disperse and locate a nest site. Second, they must found a new colony and raise their first workers with their own nutrient reserves. The Found or Fly (FoF) hypothesis posits a fitness tradeoff between colony founding success and flight ability, mediated through abdominal nutrient loading of young queens. It proposes that though heavier abdomens increase survival during the founding period, they do so at the expense of a queen's ability to mate, disperse, and survive the mating flight. We evaluate FoF by characterizing the flight morphology of a common Neotropical year round breeder, Azteca instabilis (SMITH, 1862). Abdomen mass varied among queens independently of body size and throughout the year. Heavier abdomens adversely impacted three metrics of flight ability: flight muscle ratio, wing loading and drag. These patterns are consistent with FoF. FoF links reproductive demands, morphology and dispersal ability, and provides a quantitative framework for understanding dispersal variation across the ants. FoF provides insight into several areas of ant ecology and evolution, including alternative reproductive strategies, sexual dimorphism and invasions.
THE MULTIFRACTAL PROPERTY OF HETEROGENEOUS MICROSTRUCTURE IN CEMENT PASTE

Highlights (1) Microstructure of cement paste is acquired through computed tomography. (2) Multifractal property of heterogeneous microstructure is examined. (3) Incorporation of blast furnace slag results in a decrease of singularity width. The microstructure of cement paste is highly heterogeneous in nature that plays a significant role in macroscopic performance. This paper is dedicated to examining the multifractal property of microstructure in cement paste, based on which the microstructural heterogeneity could be quantified meanwhile. In particular, the X-ray computed tomography is adopted to acquire the realistic three-dimensional (3D) microstructure. Then, a thorough examination is performed on the multifractal property with respect to the partition function, the generalized dimension and the multifractal spectrum. Results indicate that the multifractal property in terms of local porosity can be recognized for the heterogeneous microstructure in both ordinary and blast furnace slag blended Portland cement pastes. The multifractal spectrum or singularity width is available to account for the degree of heterogeneity.
A field comes of age: tracking research on the internet within communication studies, 1994 to 2018

Abstract Since its inception, the internet has been as much technological as social, practical as ideological in character. This article examines academic discourse and asks how research on the multifaceted internet has evolved over the past 25 years. In order to investigate the formation of this academic field, we collected articles published in major academic journals dedicated to new media and digital communication as well as mainstream periodicals in communication studies over the past quarter of a century. Relying on a combination of (semi)automated content analysis and citation analysis, we find that articles related to the internet and its manifold aspects are cited more often than research on other topics. The literature review suggests that as the socio-material infrastructure of the internet has become deeply enmeshed in society its study has evolved from a niche pursuit to the discipline’s core area of inquiry.
Encounter Delivery Strategy for Strongly Relational Relay Nodes in MSN

MSN has the characteristics of social network, and the nodes under intellectual consideration show social selfishness, which is characterized by kinship index. We propose an encounter delivery strategy based on strong-relationship relay nodes. Firstly, in the hierarchical communities and clusters based on the kinship index, the active strong relationship node set is obtained through the open strong relationship priority algorithm and Markov prediction. Then establish a kinship trust model, conduct behavior detection on active strong relationship nodes to obtain a comprehensive kinship trust value, and then screen out some of the “false kinship” nodes to screen out a set of trusted active strong relationship nodes. Finally, according to the kinship indication with the destination node, the node’s kinship movement behavior is predicted, and the candidate relay node set is selected. Simulation experiment results show that this strategy can improve the reliability of message transmission, reduce network delay, and improve the efficiency of data packet transmission to a certain extent.