Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does intra-lumbar flexion during lifting differ in manual workers with and without a history of low back pain? A cross-sectional laboratory study

Abstract Advice to limit or avoid a flexed lumbar curvature during lifting is widely promoted to reduce the risk of low back pain (LBP), yet there is very limited evidence to support this relationship. To provide higher quality evidence this study compared intra-lumbar flexion in manual workers with (n = 21) and without a history of LBP (n = 21) during a repeated lifting task. In contrast to common expectations, the LBP group demonstrated less peak absolute intra-lumbar flexion during lifting than the noLBP group [adjusted difference −3.7° (95%CI −6.9 to −0.6)]. The LBP group was also further from the end of range intra-lumbar flexion and did not use more intra-lumbar range of motion during any lift condition (both symmetrical and asymmetrical lifts and different box loads). Peak absolute intra-lumbar flexion was more variable in the LBP group during lifting and both groups increased their peak absolute intra-lumbar flexion over the lift repetitions. This high-quality capture of intra-lumbar spine flexion during repeated lifting in a clinically relevant cohort questions dominant safe lifting advice. Practitioner summary: Lifting remains a common trigger for low back pain (LBP). This study demonstrated that people with LBP, lift with less intra-lumbar flexion than those without LBP. Providing the best quality in-vivo laboratory evidence, that greater intra-lumbar flexion is not associated with LBP in manual workers, raising questions about lifting advice.
Diagnosis and treatment of nail melanoma: a review of the clinicopathologic, dermoscopic, and genetic characteristics

Nail melanoma (NM) is an important differential diagnosis in patients with longitudinal melanonychia. However, diagnosis is often challenging as it is difficult to differentiate from other pigmented nail disorders. The main challenge for diagnosis is obtaining adequate nail matrix biopsy specimens for histopathological assessment. Furthermore, the histopathological changes in the early stages of NM are subtle and contribute to a delay in diagnosis and care. Therefore, the integration of clinical and histopathological analyses is essential. Clinical and dermoscopic features, such as a broadened width of asymmetric bands in an irregular pattern, with multicolour pigmentation, periungual pigmentation, and continuous growth, are features that support the diagnosis of NM. The essential histological features that must be assessed are cellular morphology, architectural features, melanocyte density, and inflammatory changes. The reported mutations in NMs were BRAF (0–43%), NRAS (0–31%), KIT (0–50%), NF1 (0–50%), and GNAQ (0–25%). Surgery is the primary treatment for NM. The recommended treatment for in situ or minimally invasive NM is functional surgery, but cases with suspected bone invasion should be treated with amputation. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are indicated for advanced stages of NM. This review summarizes the updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of NM.
Facile auto-combustion synthesis of calcium aluminate nanoparticles for efficient removal of Ni(II) and As(III) ions from wastewater

ABSTRACT We herein report the synthesis of monoclinic calcium aluminate (CaAl2O4) nanoparticles via a facile auto-combustion method followed by calcination. We performed the auto-combustion method using aluminium nitrate and calcium nitrate as oxidants and different fuels as reductants such as urea, glycine, and a mixture of urea and glycine, with various fuel-to-oxidant equivalence ratios . Then, the combusted samples were calcined at different temperatures; 600 and 800 °C. The products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscope, and high-resolution transmission electron microscope. CaAl2O4 nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 40.4, 38.8, and 33.7 nm were obtained after calcination at 800 °C using the aforementioned fuels, respectively. TEM images revealed that CaAl2O4 nanoparticles tend to form partially sintered aggregates owing to the high thermal treatment temperature, so they have non-uniform shapes. The produced CaAl2O4 nanoparticles exhibited good absorptivity toward Ni(II) and As(III) ions form aqueous media. The maximum sorption capacities (qm) of CaAl2O4 for the removal of Ni(II) and As(III) were found to be 58.73 and 43.9 mg.g−1, at pH 7 and 5, respectively. The equilibrium isotherms and adsorption kinetics studies revealed that the adsorption data fitted well Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Besides, the adsorption of Ni(II) and As(III) ions on CaAl2O4 nanoparticles is physisorption. Overall, the obtained results indicated that calcium aluminate nano-adsorbent is a good candidate for the removal of Ni(II) and As(III) ions from wastewater, due to its high efficiency, stability, and re-usability. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Murine models of dengue virus infection for novel drug discovery

ABSTRACT Introduction Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of the most prevalent human disease transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. At present, no antiviral drug is available and the difficulties to develop highly protective vaccines against the four DENV serotypes maintain the requirement of effective options for dengue chemotherapy. Areas covered The availability of animal models that reproduce human disease is a very valuable tool for the preclinical evaluation of potential antivirals. Here, the main murine models of dengue infection are described, including immunocompetent wild-type mice, immunocompromised mice deficient in diverse components of the interferon (IFN) pathway and humanized mice. The main findings in antiviral testing of DENV inhibitory compounds in murine models are also presented. Expert opinion At present, there is no murine model that fully recapitulates human disease. However, immunocompromised mice deficient in IFN-α/β and -γ receptors, with their limitations, have shown to be the most suitable system for antiviral preclinical testing. In fact, the AG129 mouse model allowed the identification of celgosivir, an inhibitor of cellular glucosidases, as a promising option for DENV therapy. However, clinical trials still were not successful, emphasizing the difficulties in the transition from preclinical testing to human treatment.
Kinetic characterization and modeling of sequentially entrapped enzymes in 3D‐printed PMMA microfluidic reactors for the synthesis of amorphadiene via the isopentenol utilization pathway

The development of cascade cell‐free systems reduces the requirement for extensive metabolic engineering and optimization to increase in vivo pathway flux. For continuous operation and increased stability, direct enzyme entrapment during reactor fabrication by three‐dimensional (3D)‐printing allows for simple immobilization procedures without enzyme‐specific optimization. In this study, the isopentenol utilization pathway (IUP) was selected for the synthesis of amorphadiene, an antimalaria drug precursor, using a 3D‐printed, sequentially immobilized, microfluidic reactor. As an initial proof‐of‐concept, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was entrapped in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐based matrix during stereolithographic 3D‐printing and was kinetically characterized. No significant shift of the kinetically modeled substrate binding affinity was observed during immobilization and continuous operation of an entrapped ALP microfluidic reactor displayed high stability. The IUP enzymes retained moderate activity during entrapment (6.6%–9.6%) relative to the free enzyme solutions, however the sequentially immobilized IUP microfluidic reactor was severely limited by low pathway flux due to the use of stereolithographic 3D‐printing which significantly diluted enzyme concentrations for printing. Although this study demonstrated the use of additive manufacturing for the synthesis of amorphadiene using a complex five‐enzyme cascade microfluidic reactor, stereolithographic enzyme entrapment remains limited in scope and dependent on advancements to additive manufacturing technologies.
Sociodemographic, geographic and clinical factors associated with functional outcome and discharge location in US inpatient rehabilitation settings

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the impact of sociodemographic factors, clinical factors and regional differences on both patients’ functional outcome and discharge location in U.S. inpatient rehabilitation settings. Methods Using eRehabData, 536,453 admissions was used for functional outcome analyses (based on FIM gain) while 259,308 admissions was used for the discharge location analyses. Regression models were used to look at both outcomes. Results Having private insurance and being young and male was associated with the higher FIM gains while being African American, widowed, and living in the Midwest was associated with the lower FIM gains. Furthermore, having private insurance, being young, male, married and African American or Hispanic was associated with the lower odds of being discharged to a skilled nursing facility while living in the Midwest was associated with the greatest odds of being discharged to a skilled nursing facility. Clinical factors such as days from onset and length of stay also had a significant effect on both outcomes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that, in the U.S., one of the challenges to successful recovery in the inpatient rehabilitation setting includes insurance status (Medicare/Medicaid), race (African American) but also regional differences (Midwest) and length of stay.
Training high level balance and stepping responses in atypical progressive supranuclear palsy: a case report

ABSTRACT Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative condition, typically presenting with, but not limited to, impairments of postural instability, gait, and gaze stability. Purpose This case report describes the multifactorial assessment and rehabilitation of a patient with atypical PSP who has significant gaze deficits, asymmetrical stepping responses, trunk rigidity, and reduced posterior excursion on limits of stability. Case Description Evaluation utilized computerized gait and balance assessments, foot clearance analysis, a squat test, and a timed stepping test. The intervention included boxing, stepping tasks, and treadmill training each with eye movement challenges. A total of 15 hours of physical therapy was provided; 1 hour, 2 times a week. Outcomes Post-intervention improvements were noted subjectively, on eye-body coordination, and objectively, on limits of stability, foot clearance, and task performance (squats, timed stepping). Follow-up demonstrated some decline from posttest results; however, patient-reported adherence to the program was less than recommended. Conclusion A multifactorial rehabilitation program can improve balance, eye-body coordination, and strength in a high functioning patient with atypical PSP. Longitudinal randomized controlled studies are suggested to further investigate this interventional approach in high functioning individuals diagnosed with atypical PSP.
Interactions between the environmental and human microbiota in the preservation of health and genesis of disease: symposium report

Purpose of review The purpose of this symposium was to bring thought leaders in the microbiome from the west to Africa to share their unique experiences with African investigators in order to build the foundations for scientifically rigorous explorations into the African human and environmental microbiome that may explain why disease patterns are different in Africa where the chief killers are infectious diseases, whereas noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the major threat to healthcare resources in the developed world. Recent findings The application of new high throughput technologies to the investigation of the microbiome and its metabolome has revealed mechanisms whereby a traditional African high fiber diet can suppress NCDs which include colon cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclosis. There is concern that with migration and westernization, NCDs are becoming more common in Africa and that food security is becoming impaired by unbalanced obesogenic foods rather than inadequate food intake. Summary There is an urgent need for the formation of combined African-Western research programs to identify what is good and bad in the African diet-microbiome axis to develop strategies to prevent the incidence of NCDs rising to western levels in Africa, at the same time offering novel prevention strategies against the #1 healthcare threat in the developed world.
How can proactive personality affect cabin attendants’ safety behaviors? The moderating roles of social support and safety climate

Cabin attendants are mainly responsible for maintaining in-flight safety, and they are crucial to enhance air travel safety and alleviate passenger concerns. The objective of this study is to explore relationships between proactive personality, social support, safety climate and safety behaviors among cabin attendants. A self-assessment questionnaire was used to investigate a sample of 560 cabin attendants from China Southern Airlines Ltd. The results show that proactive personality and safety climate positively influence cabin attendants’ safety behaviors. Social support was found to weaken the positive effect of proactive personality on safety behaviors. Furthermore, social support and safety climate jointly moderate the relationship between proactive personality and safety behaviors, suggesting that this relationship is the strongest when the levels of social support and safety climate are both high. Theoretical and practical implications for researchers and practitioners in designing interventions and strategies to promote safety behaviors in an airline context are discussed.
Type of active video-games training does not impact the effect on balance and agility in children with and without developmental coordination disorder: A randomized comparator-controlled trial

Abstract Aim To compare the effect of the Nintendo Wii-Fit and Xbox Kinect on motor performance and to assess differential effects in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and typical development (TD). Method In an assessor-blinded randomized comparator-controlled design, 68 participants (34 DCD and 34 TD) aged 7–10 years, were randomly assigned to train on one of two devices (34 Wii-Fit; 34 Xbox Kinect). Results Repeated measure ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of time on balance and agility variables (MABC-2, Wii Yoga stance, PERF-FIT side-hop, PERF-FIT ladder-stepping; all p ≤ 0.02), but not on running variables (BOT2-sprint, 10 × 5 m sprint and PERF-FIT ladder running; p > 0.05). No significant interactions were observed, indicating similar changes on both devices. Overall, 35% of the TD children and 76% of the children with DCD improved on one or more of the outcomes beyond the smallest detectable difference. However, at the individual level, larger differences in improvement were found in the Kinect group compared to the Wii between TD and DCD groups. Conclusion Both Wii-Fit and Kinect devices can be used to train with similar results on motor performance. An important percentage (76%) of children with DCD improved on at least one motor task after training.
Association of air pollution exposure during gestational and the first year of life with physical growth in preschoolers

ABSTRACT This study explored the association of exposure to air pollutants during gestational and the first year of life with physical growth in preschoolers. The linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between air pollution and childhood growth. After adjusting for confounders, z-scores of body mass index (zBMI, and 95% confidence intervals, 95%CI) increased by 1.164(1.054,1.285), 1.136(1.050,1.228) and 1.165(1.041,1.303), associated with per interquartile range (IQR) increase in NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm and 10 μm) during gestational, respectively. The odds ratios (and 95%CI) of childhood overweight/obesity associated with per IQR increase in NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 during gestational were 1.425(1.168,1.737), 1.255(1.087,1.450) and 1.332(1.104,1.605). Positive associations were found between air pollution during the first year of life and zBMI or overweight/obesity. Our findings suggest exposure to air pollution were associated with childhood growth, and improving air quality is beneficial for childhood growth.
Bivalirudin vs. heparin in paediatric and adult patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A meta‐analysis

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) has been the primary anticoagulant of choice on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, it is debatable whether bivalirudin (BIV), a direct thrombin inhibitor, may be considered a better alternative anticoagulant option.
NSD1 mutations deregulate transcription and DNA methylation of bivalent developmental genes in Sotos syndrome

Abstract Sotos syndrome (SS), the most common overgrowth with intellectual disability (OGID) disorder, is caused by inactivating germline mutations of NSD1, which encodes a histone H3 lysine 36 methyltransferase. To understand how NSD1 inactivation deregulates transcription and DNA methylation (DNAm), and to explore how these abnormalities affect human development, we profiled transcription and DNAm in SS patients and healthy control individuals. We identified a transcriptional signature that distinguishes individuals with SS from controls and was also deregulated in NSD1-mutated cancers. Most abnormally expressed genes displayed reduced expression in SS; these downregulated genes consisted mostly of bivalent genes and were enriched for regulators of development and neural synapse function. DNA hypomethylation was strongly enriched within promoters of transcriptionally deregulated genes: overexpressed genes displayed hypomethylation at their transcription start sites while underexpressed genes featured hypomethylation at polycomb binding sites within their promoter CpG island shores. SS patients featured accelerated molecular aging at the levels of both transcription and DNAm. Overall, these findings indicate that NSD1-deposited H3K36 methylation regulates transcription by directing promoter DNA methylation, partially by repressing polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) activity. These findings could explain the phenotypic similarity of SS to OGID disorders that are caused by mutations in PRC2 complex-encoding genes.
Predictive Model of Suicide Risk in Young People: The Mediating Role of Alcohol Consumption

Abstract Suicidal behavior is one of the public health problems that cause most deaths in young people and has been associated with emotional and affective problems, so predictive models are required to account for the relationship between depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and alcohol consumption to propose actions for its prevention. The Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, the CAGE Questionnaire, the Hopelessness Scale, the Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Scale were applied. A total of 1.379 young people (M = 20.45; SD = 3.23) from the cities of Manizales (n = 739; 53.6%) and Medellín (n = 640; 46.5%) in Colombia were evaluated. The variables of anxiety, hopelessness and depression explained 51% (R 2 = 0.509; 95% CI = 0.467–0.552; p = 0.001) of the variation in suicidal risk. Likewise, alcohol consumption is a mediating variable between depression and anxiety in the prediction of suicidal risk, whose total, direct and indirect effects are statistically significant. The findings support the role of alcohol consumption as a mediating variable between anxiety, depression, hopelessness and suicidal risk in young people, given the difficulties it causes in information processing, regulation of emotions and therefore in having an adequate coping with the demands of the environment. This justifies the importance of directing suicide prevention actions through strategies for the reduction of alcohol consumption and the management of emotions in young people. HIGHLIGHTS Alcohol modulates the effect of depression and anxiety on suicide risk This is a study on the risk of suicide in young people in Colombia The findings have implications for timely clinical interventions.
Sample Clock Jitter and Real-time Audio Over the IEEE1394 High Performance Serial Bus

The asynchronous clocks within the IEEE1394 high performance serial bus present challenges for sample timing recovery in conjunction with the transmission of digital audio. Moreover the systematic nature of the jitter produced means that prototype systems are unlikely to produce worst-case performance. This is analysed and, with jitter audibility models developed elsewhere, a sampling jitter attenuation requirement is estimated. 1.0 INTRODUCTION The IEEE1394 High Performance Serial Bus [1, 2, 3] has been used in the specification of the new A/M protocol IEC-PAS 61883-6 [4,5,6]. This has the capability to transmit 24 bit word length, 96kHz sampling frequency multi-channel audio and so, potentially, it is a very high quality interface format. However in addition to the accurate transmission of sample data, a complete realtime digital audio connection also needs to pass timing information, such as a sample synchronisation signal, to define the sampling instant at which the data is valid. Error in this timing, or jitter, is known to distort the signal at the point of conversion of the data to or from the analogue domain. The IEEE1394 format uses asynchronous clocks at each node. The interaction of these clocks with each other and with the sample (word) clock generates jitter. This paper uses a simulation of a single bus IEEE1394:1995 network to examine the nature of this jitter. As multi-channel high quality digital audio is becoming more common there is a requirement for an appropriate digital interface format. The IEC-PAS-61883-6 format for using IEEE1394 has been proposed as satisfying this need. Does it ? 2.0 JITTER Jitter is the variation in the timing of a periodic event such as a signal transition from an ideal timing that the event would have if were perfectly regular. For example, a perfect jitter-free square wave has an exactly constant time delay between transitions. In practice each transition of a real square wave, with exactly the same mean frequency will occur slightly before or after the ideal. This variation is called jitter. In this paper the term jitter is used to mean: “Deviation in timing of transitions when measured with respect to an ideal clock. ” There can be confusion between levels of jitter measured in this way and measurements of variations in the time between successive transitions of a clock. For example in examination of a 48kHz sample clock it may be possible to measure a variation in the period of, say, 500ps when the variation from the ideal clock timing
Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol using CuO@Na2Ti(PO4)2⋅H2O

Abstract This article presents the synthesis, property characterization and catalytic application of CuO-supported disodium titanium phosphate, (CuO@Na2Ti(PO4)2⋅H2O) for the reduction of industrial pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). A simple hydrothermal route was developed to synthesize CuO@Na2Ti(PO4)2⋅H2O catalyst (CuO@Na2TiP) from beach sand ilmenite. The prepared CuO@Na2TiP was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The catalyst 12 wt. % CuO@Na2TiP showed the fastest reduction kinetics for 4-NP.