Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Detection Scheme of Wave-Breaking Events with Blocking Flow Configurations

Blocking flow configurations, which tend to accompany strong circulation anomalies and therefore can cause extreme weather conditions, have recently been studied in relation to large-scale wave breaking (WB). Although WB events have been detected often from an instantaneous morphology perspective, the present study proposes a new approach for the detection from a wave-activity perspective in focusing on its accumulation, saturation, and release. This evolution of wave activity is theoretically equivalent to anomalous potential vorticity (PV) flux with its sign changing from negative to positive, which is utilized in this study to detect WB events that accompany high-amplitude height anomalies and blocking flow configurations. As in previous studies, a given WB event is classified into a high pressure type or low pressure type depending upon the sign of the primary PV anomaly center and further into an eastward or westward type depending upon the longitudinal movement of that center. The new method applied to the wintertime Northern Hemisphere shows that a WB event with a blocking anticyclone is likely to accompany an eastward-moving PV anomaly center, occurring mostly under anticyclonic westerly shear. By contrast, a WB event with a strong cyclonic anomaly mostly accompanies the eastward-moving PV anomaly center under cyclonic westerly shear. Composite analysis confirms the consistency between the sign-changing anomalous PV flux and convergence/divergence of wave-activity flux of quasi-stationary Rossby wave trains around the WB region.
Image iterative method for handwritten Chinese character recognition

Although accuracy and calculation time of handwritten Chinese character recognition have been greatly improved, it has not yet reached the practical application standard. Recently literatures, iterative method is used to recognize face images and good results are obtained. Therefore, image recognition is improved based on this idea. In this paper, linear combination of trigonometric functions is used as auxiliary function and image to construct discrete dynamic system. By adding bevel and shift to construct font surface and so on, the system structure is improved to solve problem of system convergence caused by large area flatness of handwritten Chinese character image, and good recognition effect is achieved. Preliminary experiments(for example, extracting 20 Chinese characters written by 9 people in the data set) are carried out, and recognition rate can reach 100% when all of them are trained, and recognition rate can reach 76.7% when each Chinese character is trained to 3 pieces; in addition, experiments were conducted on handwritten Chinese character sets changing from different angles, and the recognition rate reached 80%, which was compared with other algorithms to verify the feasibility of handwritten Chinese character recognition algorithm based on chaotic iterative trajectory characteristics of images.
A Small amount of Labeled Data Chinese Online Course Review Target Extraction via ALBERT-IDCNN-CRF Model

Aspect sentiment analysis of online course reviews is of great significance in helping users choose courses and improve course quality. Review target extraction is particularly important as the basis of aspect sentiment analysis. Because the current models mostly rely on a large amount of annotation data, there is fewer relevant research on the extraction of online course review targets with higher annotation costs. This paper proposes an ALBERT-IDCNN-CRF review target extraction model for a small amount of labeled data. First, using ALBERT pre-trained sentences obtained dynamic model Chinese word vector coding; Simultaneously, using ALBERT pre-trained model of Transformer obtain sentence abstract features. Then, abstract features are input into the dilated convolutional neural network (IDCNN) to reduce the number of neuron layers and parameters. Finally, conditional random field (CRF) is used to decode and annotate the review sentences to extract the appropriate review objectives. The experimental results on the school online real Chinese online course review data set show that our model has achieved better results than existing models.
Structure and coordination modes in the interaction between Cd2+ and 3-mercaptopropionic acid

The structural, electronic, and energetic properties of cadmium ion complexes with one and two protonated and deprotonated 3-mercaptopropionic acid ligands were studied theoretically in the framework of density functional theory by using the B3LYP exchange-correlation functional coupled with 6-311++G** Gaussian orbital basis sets for C, H, O, and S atoms and LANL2DZ for the metal ion. The study was extended to the aqueous complexes introducing explicitly some water molecules in order to simulate the tetrahedral and octahedral coordination sphere of the Cd2+ ion. Results indicate that the complexes containing only one ligand have a cyclic structure in which the metal ion binds both oxygen and sulfur atoms. The tetrahedral topology is preferred in the complexes with two ligands.
Molecular dynamics modelling of an electrical-driven linear nanopump

The dynamics of an electrical-driven linear nanopump, consisting of a carbon nanotube, a C60+ molecule and a graphene sheet, has been simulated via the application of the molecular dynamics method. In this nanopump, the nanotube and the graphene sheet are used as the sleeve of the pump and the boundary between the two sides of the nanopump, respectively. By exposing the nanopump to an external alternative electric field, the C60+ molecule will be oscillating linearly in the nanotube. We found that the linear oscillating motion of the C60+ molecule causes the gas atoms to flow through the nanotube, and a density gradient is generated between the two sides of the nanopump. Also, it was observed that the frequency of the external alternative electric field affected the pump performance in the generation of the density gradient amount. The maximum performance occurred at a specific frequency of the electric field. This specific frequency can be computed by an analytical formula for given materials and temperatures. Moreover, the results indicate that the length of the nanotube can affect the gas pumping.
The application of irreversible thermodynamics to muscular contraction. Comments on a recent theory by S. R. Caplan

In contracting muscle a chemical reaction takes place in such a way that part of the free energy of the reactants can be converted into mechanical work. Recently Caplan (1965, 1966) has made a theoretical study of certain types of energy converters, using the methods of irreversible thermodynamics. He has extended this study to muscle and he makes several predictions of practical importance, notably about the efficiency of muscular contraction. In this paper a simplified summary of Caplan’s theory is given, with the equations rearranged, as far as possible, to provide relations between experimentally observable quantities. Four tests of the theory are then possible, of which the results are: 1. The theory correctly predicts the shape of the force-velocity curve. 2. The theory predicts a relation between the maximum efficiency of energy conversion and the degree of curvature of the force-velocity curve which is probably similar to what is found experimentally. 3. The theory predicts a relation between the force on the muscle and the rate of the driving chemical reaction which is markedly different from that which can be inferred from measurements of heat and work production. 4. The theory requires that there should be large variations in the free energy change of the driving reaction when the force on the muscle changes. It is difficult to see how these could occur in practice. No simple modification of the theory seems to avoid these difficulties. It is concluded that muscle is not an energy converter of the type described by the theory.
Automatically classifying the evidence type of drug-drug interaction research papers as a step toward computer supported evidence curation

A longstanding issue with knowledge bases that discuss drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is that they are inconsistent with one another. Computerized support might help experts be more objective in assessing DDI evidence. A requirement for such systems is accurate automatic classification of evidence types. In this pilot study, we developed a hierarchical classifier to classify clinical DDI studies into formally defined evidence types. The area under the ROC curve for sub-classifiers in the ensemble ranged from 0.78 to 0.87. The entire system achieved an F1 of 0.83 and 0.63 on two held-out datasets, the latter consisting focused on completely novel drugs from what the system was trained on. The results suggest that it is feasible to accurately automate the classification of a sub-set of DDI evidence types and that the hierarchical approach shows promise. Future work will test more advanced feature engineering techniques while expanding the system to classify a more complex set of evidence types.
Probing Adsorption, Pore Condensation, and Hysteresis Behavior of Pure Fluids in Three-Dimensional Cubic Mesoporous KIT-6 Silica

In order to investigate the details of the process of pore condensation and hysteresis mechanisms in three-dimensional (3-D) pore networks, we performed a systematic study of the adsorption and pore condensation behavior of N2 (77.4 K) and Ar (77.4 and 87.3 K) in a 3-D ordered pore system, i.e., cubic Ia3d mesoporous KIT-6 silica materials with mode pore diameters ranging from ca. 5 nm up to 11 nm. KIT-6 silica is a porous material composed of two intertwined mesoporous subnetworks similar as in MCM-48, but this material can be prepared with much larger mean pore diameters. Accurate pore size analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction modeling and by state-of the art application of nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) on N2 (77.4 K) and Ar (87.3 K) sorption data. Furthermore, our data suggest that the width of the adsorption/desorption hysteresis loop observed for 3-D KIT-6 silica can be narrower as compared to that of pseudo-one-dimensional SBA-15 silica of the same pore size (i.e., in the pore d.
Composite Sorbent of Methanol “Lithium Chloride in Mesoporous Silica Gel” for Adsorption Cooling Machines: Performance and Stability Evaluation

In this paper, a novel composite sorbent of methanol “lithium chloride in mesoporous silica gel” is proposed for adsorption cooling machines. Methanol sorption isotherms were measured by a thermogravimetric technique. This composite demonstrated outstanding methanol sorption ability (up to 0.6 g of methanol per 1 g of dry sorbent). The thermodynamic coefficient of performance (COP), calculated by mathematical modeling for a basic cooling cycle, can reach 0.72 at desorption temperature of 343 K. The real performance was measured by testing this novel material in a lab-scale adsorption chiller. The specific cooling power of 210−290 W/kg and real cooling COP of 0.32−0.4 were obtained. Cycling stability of the sorbent was successfully verified. Such results indicate that the new composite sorbent “lithium chloride in mesoporous silica gel” can be recommended for application in adsorption cooling machines driven by low temperature heat.
Improved Quantitative CBED Structure-Factor Measurement by Refinement of Nonlinear Geometric Distortion Corrections

A new method that accounts for small but significant geometric distortions in quantitative convergent beam electron diffraction (QCBED) is briefly introduced. A summary of preliminary results obtained with this method shows an average three- to fourfold improvement in structure-factor measurement precision by QCBED. In the present work this method is applied to α-\rm Al_{2}O_{3}, a benchmark compound for charge density studies. Experimental uncertainty is reduced to a level three times smaller than differences between density functional theory and periodic Hartree–Fock calculated structure factors.
Linear and Nonlinear optical properties of Rhodamine 6G

In this study, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of laser dye R6G in methanol solvent were investigated with various concentrations (1×10−4, 5×10−4, 1×10−5, 1×10−6 and 5×10−6 mole/liter) at thickness (1mm). To study the non-linear optical properties like refractive index and absorption coefficient (β) Z-Scan technique was used in two modes, the first is the close aperture which can be done by putting the aperture in front of the detector to find the non-linear refractive index. While the second mode is the open aperture which can be obtained by removing the aperture to find non-linear absorption coefficient, using two-wavelength 532 and 1064 nm. The results show that all R6G dye concentrations exhibited self – focusing in closed aperture Z-scan in 532 nm except the (1x10−4 mol/liter) in 1064 nm which shown a self-defocusing and the change of the effect of saturation absorption in an open aperture in both wavelength.
Response surface analysis of microwave‐assisted extraction of polysaccharides from cultured Cordyceps militaris

BACKGROUND: Microwave-assisted extraction was employed to extract polysaccharides from cultured Cordyceps militaris. The optimal conditions for polysaccharide extraction were determined by response surface methodology. Box–Behnken design was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables (microwave power, extraction time and ratio of solution to solid) on the polysaccharide yield of C. militaris. RESULTS: Correlation analysis of the mathematical-regression model indicated that a quadratic polynomial model could be employed to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide. Response surface plots showed that microwave power, extraction time and ratio of solution to solid exhibited independent and interactive effects on the extraction of polysaccharide. The optimal conditions to obtain the highest polysaccharide yield of C. militaris were a microwave power of 744.8 W, an extraction time of 4.2 min and a ratio of solution to solid of 31.1 mL g−1. CONCLUSION: Under these optimal conditions, the experimental values agreed with the predicted values, using analysis of variance, indicating the goodness of fit of the model used and the success of response surface methodology for optimizing microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from C. militaris. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Why do so few people share fake news? It hurts their reputation

In spite of the attractiveness of fake news stories, most people are reluctant to share them. Why? Four pre-registered experiments (N = 3,656) suggest that sharing fake news hurt one’s reputation in a way that is difficult to fix, even for politically congruent fake news. The decrease in trust a source (media outlet or individual) suffers when sharing one fake news story against a background of real news is larger than the increase in trust a source enjoys when sharing one real news story against a background of fake news. A comparison with real-world media outlets showed that only sources sharing no fake news at all had similar trust ratings to mainstream media. Finally, we found that the majority of people declare they would have to be paid to share fake news, even when the news is politically congruent, and more so when their reputation is at stake.
Design of Decoupling Fuzzy Logic Controller for Quadrotor UAV

This article first briefly introduces the quadrotor UAV model based on the Newton-Euler method, including kinematics model, dynamic model and force and moment model, and then proposes a decoupling fuzzy controller, which can effectively decouple the position and the orientation of the quadrotor UAV, i.e., the inner loop uses the input and output linearization method to control orientation, and the outer loop uses a fuzzy logic controller to control the position of the quadrotor UAV. Finally, we use Matlab to model the quadrotor UAV and design the decoupling fuzzy controller to control the quadrotor UAV. The results show that the tracking performance is good, which proves the feasibility of the controller algorithm.
ACCEPTED AUTHOR VERSION OF THE MANUSCRIPT: Effect of adding essential oils of caraway and rosemary on volatile aroma compounds derived from stored vacuum packaged minced turkey meat

The of oils on the Abstract Changes in the odor of meat during its storage are one of the basic indicators affecting its assessment and possible disqualification. The aim of the study was to determine whether the addition of essential oils may affect the composition and concentration of volatile compounds included in the aroma of stored turkey meat. We investigated the effect of adding essential oil (EO) of caraway (0.02% v/w), rosemary (0.02% v/w) and a mixture of the two (0.01% each) on the composition of volatile compound fractions formed during 10-day storage of vacuum-2 packed minced turkey meat. The EOs used were also evaluated for their influence on microbial contamination (total viable count and lactic acid bacteria count), sensory quality (odor and taste) and the level of fat oxidation (acid value, peroxide value and p-anisidine value) and pH in chill-stored samples. In terms of sensory indicators, the greatest beneficial effect of adding oils was noted in the odor of raw meat. Use of the HS-SPME/GC-MS (headspace-solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) method showed that the addition of oils significantly reduced the amounts of benzeneacetaldehyde, 2-octenal and ethyl 2-methyloctanoate compared with the control sample. In addition, in the presence of essential oils of rosemary and caraway, decreases were noted in benzaldehyde and 9-octadecenal, respectively. These changes may potentially affect the reception of the odor. There was a beneficial effect of the oils in reducing the levels of fat oxidation indicators, including peroxide. However, the oils at applied concentrations had no significant effect on the total viable count and LAB count.
Rumination as a Moderating Effect Between Math Computation and Executive Function Skills in Elementary Students

Although students with stronger executive functions (EFs) tend to do better on math computation (MC) assessments than students with weaker EFs, stressful testing situations may lower or affect their mathematical ability. Rumination is one maladaptive coping strategy that can negatively affect EF processes, but little is known about how it impacts the relationship between EFs and MC. This study aimed to examine the relationship between students’ performance on a standardized MC task and ratings of EF ability as a function of their level of rumination. In a sample of students from Grades 4 to 6 (n = 72, mean age = 10.74), there was an interaction between EF scores and rumination in predicting MC. Students with weaker EF scores demonstrated worse math performance than students with stronger EF scores. Interestingly, their level of rumination moderated this association. Specifically, EF difficulties were only associated with less proficient MC performance among high ruminators; this association was not observed among those students reporting low rumination levels. For school psychologists, these findings provide insight into the potential causes of poor MC performance among students with average or better EFs.
Determining wine aroma from compositional data

The value of, opportunities provided by, and the difficulties in elucidating the exact contribution that chemical compounds make to wine aroma and flavour are outlined and highlighted in this review. This paper provides an overview of the current understanding of relationships between wine sensory properties and volatile chemical composition through a discussion of recent studies where accurate, precise chemical data have been obtained for compounds shown by quantitative gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC/O) to be odour active in a sample. A centrepiece of this discussion is a compilation of compounds indicated to be most important to wine aroma. This is followed by a consideration of the limitation of odour activity values obtained by GC/O with particular reference to wine esters and volatile thiol compounds. The strengths of sensory descriptive analysis and its associated statistical methodologies to complement chemical composition data for aroma compounds are also explored. Grape flavour precursor compounds and the development of methods for their rapid quantification are then discussed in the context of the role of precursors contributing to wine aroma. Finally, an assessment is given of the likelihood in the near future of developing analytical strategies to measure wine flavour in relation to consumer expectations on the one hand, and on the other, to viticultural management practices to influence grape flavour composition.
Nitrogen Transfer Play an Important Role of Differentially Expressed Protein of Roots in Eucalyptus Urophylla × E. grandis and Dalbergia Odorifera Nursery Seedlings Intercropping System

Background: The mixing of Eucalyptus with N2-fixing trees is a frequently successful and sustainable cropping practice. In this study, we evaluated nitrogen transfer and conducted a proteomic analysis on seedlings of Eucalyptus and a N2-fixing tree, Dalbergia (D.) odorifera, from intercropping and monocropping systems, to elucidate the physiological effecting and the molecular mechanisms on N transfer of Eucalyptus mixed with D. odorifera. Results: We demonstrated the following: (1) Nitrogen transfer occurred from D. odorifera to E. urophylla × E. grandis by 14.6 %. Interspecific facilitation of N uptake and root growth in E. urophylla × E. grandis was increased in the intercropping system, but the root growth and N absorption of D. odorifera were inhibited. (2) Among differentially expressed proteins was greater than 1.5 times, E. urophylla × E. grandis were found to be up-regulated several proteins for the nitrogen assimilation and enhancing the nitrogen competition, such as the proteins related to tricarboxylic acid/organic transformation, nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen assimilation; it also up-regulated the expression of stress resistant protein for its adaptability. However, the assimilation and metabolism of nitrogen was promoted in D. odorifera through the up-regulation of amino acid metabolism related proteins, and increased the key enzyme abundance of glycolysis pathway in D. odorifera. (3) Importantly, E. urophylla × E. grandis was the beneficiary in the process of N transfer, there were more different proteins involved in the synthesis pathway than that of the metabolic pathway, but there were more functional proteins involved in metabolic degradation in D. odorifera. Additionaly, the two groups of nitrogen compound transporter were found in E. urophylla × E. grandis, i.e. the molecular mechanism of the N transfer from D. odorifera to E. urophylla × E. grandis was explained by proteomics. Conclusions: Our study suggests that N transfer occurred from D. odorifera to E. urophylla × E. grandis and it was affected by the variations in the differentially expressed protein. We anticipate the result can be verified in field experiments for the sustainable development of Eucalyptus plantations.