Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed state estimation in rotational shiftwork sensor networks with communication constraint

In this paper, a distributed state estimation problem is studied for a new class of rotational shiftwork sensor network with communication constraint. The main feature of such novel sensor networks is that only incomplete information is available for each sensor: (i) part of states of target plant can be detected; (ii) information exchanged among sensors suffered from randomly part loss. In this situation, the addressed distributed estimation problem would become more difficult, since less estimation information of the target system can be used. In practice, the batteries equipped for sensors are limited and non-replaceable. To reduce the power consumption, the sensors investigated here have two working modes: active and hibernated modes. In active mode, sensors can behave in a normal way, while in hibernated mode, a sensor has to cut off all the communication with environment to save energy. Two working modes alternate via a random variable. By resorting to Lyapunov functional method, a condition is derived for designing a distributed state estimator and ensure that the target plant can be estimated in mean square under certain criteria. In addition, a performance analysis of the shiftwork sensor networks is investigated.
Dorsal and Ventral Medullary Catecholamine Cell Groups Contribute Differentially to Systemic Interleukin-1β-Induced Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis Responses

Medial parvocellular paraventricular corticotropin-releasing hormone (mPVN CRH) cells are critical in generating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to systemic interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, although it is understood that catecholamine inputs are important in initiating mPVN CRH cell responses to IL-1β, the contributions of distinct brainstem catecholamine cell groups are not known. We examined the role of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) catecholamine cells in the activation of mPVN CRH, hypothalamic oxytocin (OT) and central amygdala cells in response to IL-1β (1 µg/kg, i.a.). Immunolabelling for the expression of c-fos was used as a marker of neuronal activation in combination with appropriate cytoplasmic phenotypic markers. First we confirmed that PVN 6-hydroxydopamine lesions, which selectively depleted catecholaminergic terminals, significantly reduced IL-1β-induced mPVN CRH cell activation. The contribution of VLM (A1/C1 cells) versus NTS (A2 cells) catecholamine cells to mPVN CRH cell responses was then examined by placing ibotenic acid lesions in either the VLM or NTS. The precise positioning of these lesions was guided by prior retrograde tracing studies in which we mapped the location of IL-1β-activated VLM and NTS cells that project to the mPVN. Both VLM and NTS lesions reduced the mPVN CRH and OT cell responses to IL-1β. Unlike VLM lesions, NTS lesions also suppressed the recruitment of central amygdala neurons. These studies provide novel evidence that both the NTS and VLM catecholamine cells have important, but differential, contributions to the generation of IL-1β-induced HPA axis responses.
Role of intrinsic renal cells versus infiltrating cells in glomerular crescent formation.

BACKGROUND Studies were undertaken to characterize the cellular composition that occurs in glomeruli and the tubulointerstitium of a passive model of complement-independent crescentic nephritis in mice. METHODS Glomerulonephritis was induced by the injection of antibody to whole rabbit glomeruli, and tissue was examined histologically at 7, 14 and 28 days. RESULTS Mice developed proteinuria, glomerular crescents, and progressive glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The majority of the cells within the crescents appeared to be intrinsic ezrin-positive epithelial cells of visceral or parietal origin. Many of the ezrin positive cells were proliferating and expressing the PDGF receptor. Despite expression of the macrophage adhesive protein, osteopontin, the early crescents were devoid of infiltrating macrophages, T cells or myofibroblasts, which could be explained by the finding that the Bowman's capsule remained intact. Tubulointerstitial damage also occurred, and included tubular dilation and atrophy, periglomerular and patchy interstitial infiltration and interstitial fibrosis with increased interstitial deposition of type IV collagen and laminin. Interstitial infiltrating cells included macrophages, CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and activated myofibroblasts. Tubular osteopontin expression was increased in the areas of tubulointerstitial damage and was associated with interstitial macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS We describe an experimental model of complement-independent murine crescentic nephritis associated with tubulointerstitial injury. Proliferating glomerular epithelial cells are the main cellular components of the crescents in this model.
The emerging role of computerized tomography in assessing cancer cachexia

Purpose of reviewThe present review represents an overview of the potential opportunistic use of computerized tomography (CT) to enhance our understanding of abnormal body composition, specifically lean and adipose tissue changes in cancer cachexia. Recent findingsOne of the characteristics of cancer cachexia is the depletion of muscle with or without adipose tissue loss. Therefore, a body composition tool that specifically distinguishes between these tissues is essential in assessing this syndrome. Cancer patients are routinely evaluated by high resolution imaging such as CT for the purpose of diagnosis and follow-up. Recent work exploiting CT images for body composition analysis has revealed the natural history of cancer cachexia, including progressive alterations in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, organs, and tumor mass. CT-based quantification of skeletal muscle has permitted identification of individuals with sarcopenia, and links between sarcopenia and functional status, chemotherapy toxicity, time to tumor progression, and mortality. SummaryCT images routinely acquired from health records of cancer patients can be used to quantify specific lean and adipose tissues, to interpret body composition in population-based studies, and to evaluate individual patients in a clinical and therapeutic decision-making setting.
Design of 2-phase 4/2 SRM for torque ripple reduction

This paper presents an optimization design process of a 2-phase 4/2 SRM (Switched Reluctance Motor) for a high speed air-blower to reduce a torque ripple. The desired air-blower is unidirectional application, and requires a wide positive torque region without torque dead-zone in the conventional 2-phase SRM. In order to get a wide positive torque region without torque dead-zone during phase commutation, asymmetric inductance characteristic with non-uniform air-gap is considered. Based on the output torque analysis at each rotor position, the air-gap is optimized to reduce torque ripple while rotating. The optimized air-gap in one position cannot consider the previous air-gap effect in the previous rotor position. So, the output torque cannot be fully satisfy the target torque in the first optimization process. In order to satisfy the target torque and to reduce the torque ripple, the second optimization process is implemented with the considerations of the first output torque. The second target torque is determined by the torque error of the first output torque and target torque of the first step. From this optimization sequence, the final air-gap according to the rotor position can be determined to satisfy the torque ripple requirement. The proposed high speed 4/2 SRM is verified by FEM analysis.
A selective loss of small‐diameter myelinated optic nerve axons in rats prenatally exposed to ethanol

ABSTRACT Pregnant rats were fed an ethanol‐containing liquid diet between gestational days 10 and 21. The optic nerves of their litters at 49 days of age were examined using quantitative stereological procedures. Cross‐sectional areas of the optic nerve in ethanol‐exposed rats were significantly smaller than those in controls. This was reflected in the reduced number of myelinated fibers, but not of non‐myelinated fibers. The size distribution histogram indicated a decreased number of small axonal‐diameter myelinated fibers in ethanol‐exposed rats. The results suggested optic nerve hypoplasia hi ethanol‐exposed rats characterized by a selective loss of small‐diameter myelinated fibers.
Activation of Glutathione Transferase P Gene by Lead Requires Glutathione Transferase P Enhancer I (*)

Glutathione transferase P (GST-P) is specifically induced in rat liver and kidney by lead cation. The increase of GST-P mRNA after lead administration is blocked by actinomycin D, suggesting that GST-P production by lead is regulated at the transcriptional level. To further determine which part of the flanking region of the GST-P gene has the lead-responsive cis-element in vivo, we utilized transgenic rats with five different constructs having GST-P and/or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase coding sequence. We studied the effect of lead on these transgenic rats and on transfected NRK (normal rat kidney) cells and found that GST-P induction by lead is indeed regulated at the transcriptional level and that the GST-P enhancer I (GPEI) enhancer is an essential cis-element required for the activation of the GST-P gene by lead. GPEI consists of two AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimer) site-like sequences that are palindromically arranged and can bind AP-1. c-jun mRNA in the liver increased after lead administration and GST-P, and c-Jun had patchy expression in the same hepatocytes 24 h after lead exposure. These results suggest that activation of the GST-P gene by lead is mediated in major part by enhancer GPEI and that AP-1 may be involved at least partially. GPEI has been shown to have essential sequence information for the trans-activation of the GST-P gene during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis of the rat (Morimura, S., Suzuki, T., Hochi, S., Yuki, A., Nomura, K., Kitagawa, T., Nagatsu, I., Imagawa, M., and Muramatsu, M.(1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 2065-2068; Suzuki, T. , Imagawa, M. , Hirabayashi, M. , Yuki, A. , Hisatake, K. , Nomura, K. , Kitagawa, T. , and Muramatsu, M. (1995) Cancer Res. 55, 2651-2655). The present study establishes that the same enhancer element does operate in the activation of the GST-P gene by lead regardless of the trans-activators involved.
Personalisation in news delivery systems: Item summarization and multi-tier item selection using relevance feedback

The designer of an information dissemination system based on user preferences stated as user models is currently faced with three basic design decisions: whether to use categories, keywords -- or both -- to enable the user to specify his preferences, whether to use a static long-term model or a dynamic short-term model to register those preferences, and what method to use to provide summaries of the available documents without losing information that may be significant to a particular user even if it would not be considered as such in general terms. Current systems tend to provide one specific choice -- either taken at design time by the developer or offered as mutually exclusive alternatives to the user. However, most of the options have relative merits. An efficient way of combining the various solutions would allow users to select in each case the combination of alternatives better suited for their needs. In this paper we defend the use of a combined approach that integrates: an enriched user-model that the user can customise to capture his long-term interests either in terms of categories (newspaper sections) or keywords, a personalised summarization facility to maximise the density of relevance of sent selections, and a tailored relevance feedback mechanism that captures short-term interests as featured in a user's acceptance or rejection of the news items received. Controlled experiments were carried out with a group of users and satisfactory results were obtained, providing material for further development. The experimental results suggest that categories and keywords can be fruitfully combined to express user interests, and that personalised summaries perform better than generic summaries at least in terms of identifying documents that satisfy user preferences.
Relationship of Sex-Role Stereotypes and Self-Actualization

Self-actualization is an illusive construct that has been the focus of many personality theories. Rogers (1951) conceptualized a self-actualized person as one who is efficient in self-expression in interpersonal relations. Maslow (1971) has hypothesized that the self-actualized person makes no real strong differentiation berween the roles and personality appropriate for either sex. Some empirical evidence exists that strong sex-role stereotypes restrict the individual's flexibility of expression (Btm, 1974). Conversely. the androgynous individual or one who is free of rigid sex roles seems better prepared to deal with new interpersonal situations. Although there appears to be a relationship between androgyny and self-actualization, little has been published on its nature. The present study examined the differences in androgyny among groups of adults of high and low self-actualization. Subjects were 32 male and 32 female graduate volunteers attending Arizona State University. All 64 subjects were administered both the Personal Orientation Inventory (Shostrom, 1964) and the Bem Sex-role Inventory (Bem, 1974) using a counterbalanced procedure. On the basis of self-acmalization scores obtained from the Shostrom scale, the group was divided at the med~an into high and low self-actualized groups wich 32 subjects per group. Mean androgyny scores from Bem's scales were calculated for both groups and berween group differences evaluated by using a t ratio. Specifically, an androgyny score is the difference becween an individual's masculine and feminine self-endorsement, an ideal score being zero. The mean androgyny score for the high self-actualized group, -. 07 (SD = 1.05), was significantly nearer zero than that of the low self-actualized group, -. 78 (SD = .84; t~ = 2.18, p < .05). A further analysis showed no significant difference becween males and females on either androgyny or self-actualization scores. These results provide tenmtive support for the contention that individuals who are highly self-actualized are also free from strong sex-role stereotypes. Perhaps, traditional concepts of masculinity and femininity restrict an individual's flexibility in self-expression in new interpersonal situations. Androgyny may expand the range of behavior for both sexes, permitting people to respond more effectively in diverse situations.
An efficient mobile GPS navigator, tracker and altimeter system for location based services

The main objective of Global positioning system (GPS) is to determine our position on earth in three dimensions: east-west, north- south, and vertical in terms of longitude, latitude and altitude. The GPS navigation system presented in this paper provides very useful information about present geographical information which includes latitude, longitude, altitude, current velocity and Greenwich meridian time reference. It is capable of indicating active and inactive PRN number (pseudo random code) of satellites used for GPS tracking in terms of visual plane positioning indicator system. A study of comparison of present and previous geographical location is also available in this system. The system helps in determining signal to noise ratio in decibels of various PRN satellites which is used for determining signal strength of GPS signals for studying Ionospheric scintillation effects on GPS signals. It also gives visual representation of various National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) GPS strings which gives navigational, satellite orbital and clock information.
A novel quasi‐Z‐source indirect matrix converter

A new type of three‐phase quasi‐Z‐source indirect matrix converter (QZS‐IMC) is proposed in this paper. It uses a unique impedance network for achieving voltage‐boost capability and making the input current in continuous conduction mode (CCM) to eliminate the input filter. The complete modulation strategy is proposed to operate the QZS‐IMC. Meanwhile, a closed‐loop DC‐link peak voltage control strategy is proposed, and the DC‐link peak voltage is estimated by measuring both the input and capacitor voltages. With this proposed technique, a high‐performance output voltage control can be achieved with an excellent transient performance even if there are input voltage and load current variations. The controller is designed by using the small‐signal model. Vector control scheme of the induction motor is combined with the QZS‐IMC to achieve the motor drive. A QZS‐IMC prototype is built in laboratory, and experimental results verify the operating principle and theoretical analysis of the proposed converter. The simulation tests of QZS‐IMC based inductor motor drive are carried out to validate the proposed converter's application in motor drive. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classification of Faults in Synchronous Sequential Circuits

Undetectable and redundant faults in synchronous sequential circuits are analyzed. A distinction is drawn between undetectable faults and faults that are never manifested as output errors. The latter are classified as redundant. It is shown that there are faults for which a test sequence does not exist; however, under certain initial conditions (or initial states) of the circuit, faulty behavior may be observed. Such faults are called partially detectable faults. A partially detectable fault is undetectable, but is not redundant, as it affects circuit operation under some conditions. The author observes that the notion of redundancy cannot be separated from the mode of operation of the circuit. Two modes of operation are considered, representative of common modes, called the synchronization mode and the free mode. Accordingly, the identification of redundant faults calls for different test generation strategies. Two test strategies to generate tests for detectable faults and partial tests for partially detectable faults are defined, called the restricted test strategy and the unrestricted test strategy. >
The IL‐12 response to herpes simplex virus is mainly a paracrine response of reactive inflammatory cells

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection results in rapid and sustained up‐regulation of interleukin (IL)‐12, but the primary cellular source of IL‐12 after HSV infection is unknown. We demonstrate that this cytokine largely derives from inflammatory cells rather than from productively infected epithelial cells. For optimal IL‐12 induction, epithelial cells needed to be infected with replication‐competent virus, and cells needed to be able to synthesize proteins. Our results also indicate that HSV‐infected cells generate intermediary products that signal recruited inflammatory cells, which themselves were not HSV‐infected, to generate IL‐12. Possible mechanisms by which infected cells communicate with inflammatory cells to cause IL‐12 production are discussed.
The target cost formulation in unit selection speech synthesis

We review the various approaches that have been used to deﬁne the target cost in unit selection speech synthesis and show that there are a number of different and sometimes incompatible ways of deﬁning this. We propose that this cost should be thought of as a measure of how similar two units sound to a human listener. We discuss the issue of what features should be used in unit selection and the pros and cons of using derived features such as F0. We then explore some algorithms used to calculate target costs and show that none are really ideal for the problem. Finally, we propose a new solution to this that uses a neural network to synthesise points in acoustic space around which we can build new clusters of units at run time
2-Methoxyanilinium 3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trinitrophenolate

The cation and anion of the title molecular salt, C7H10NO+·C6H2N3O8 −, are linked via an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. An intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also found in the anion. In the crystal, the anions self-assemble via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a C(9) supramolecular chain the b axis. Further intermolecular N—H⋯O interactions also occur.
Multifocus image fusion through pseudo-Wigner distribution

We describe a new image fusion paradigm that provides an enhanced image from a set of source images that present regions with different spatial degradation patterns. The fusion procedure is based on the use of a new defocusing pixel-level measure. Such a measure is defined through a 1-D pseudo-Wigner distribution function (PWD) applied to nonoverlapping N-pixel window slices of the original image. The process is repeated to cover the full image size. By taking a low-resolution image as a reference image, which can be defined by blurring and averaging the two source images, a pixel-level distance measure of the defocus degree can be obtained from the PWD of each image. This procedure makes it possible to choose from a focusing point of view the in-focus pixels from each one of the given source images. The method is illustrated with different pairs of images of the same scene, which are partly focused and partly defocused in different regions. The image fusion approach that we propose here can work for any source of images available, and the comparison using evaluation measures such as mean square error or percentage of correct decisions shows that our framework can outperform the current approaches for the analyzed cases. One additional advantage of the present approach is its reduced computational cost when compared with other methods based on a full 2-D implementation of the PWD.
Delay Discounting of Losses and Rewards in Alcohol Use Disorder: The Effect of Working Memory Load

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been consistently associated with elevated discounting rates for delayed rewards. However, there are few studies of delay discounting of losses in those with AUD even though their drinking behavior suggests that they discount future negative consequences of excessive drinking. The current study extends this literature by examining delay discounting of rewards and losses in a sample of those with AUD (n = 78) and healthy controls (n = 51) in 2 conditions: working memory (WM) load and no WM load. The AUD group discounted both rewards and losses at higher rates than the control group. The WM load increased discounting rates in the reward task but not in the loss task. There was also a significant Group × WM load interaction; the WM load increased discounting in control participants but not in AUD participants. These findings suggest that AUD is associated with a general propensity to discount future incentivized events regardless of nature of the incentive.