Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Procedural Controls in OSHA’s Ergonomics Rulemaking

Few, if any, regulations over the past decade have received the publicity or engendered the controversy of OSHA's ergonomics regulation. Some may see the ergonomics rule as the paradigmatic instance of procedural hurdles holding up and eventually destroying a regulation. The purpose of this article is to examine the role that procedure played in the ergonomics rulemaking and to generate hypotheses about how procedural controls work in general. To draw lessons from the ergonomics rulemaking I have conducted analyses of the four publicly available versions and conducted interviews with seven high ranking officials at OSHA and the Small Business Administration. I find that of the procedural hurdles faced by OSHA, the notice and comment requirement had the largest impact on the final rule. OMB review and requirements to conduct a cost benefit analysis served largely as a fire alarm to political overseers and the required small business panel had largely symbolic effects. The more traditional control of Congressional budgetary oversight had the greatest effect by delaying the rule for three years which eventually doomed OSHA's attempts to regulate.
The Effect of Logistics Process Quality And Logistics Outcome Quality in Logistic Letter and Package Services to Customer Satisfaction

This research aimed to find out the effect of logistics outcome quality and logistics process quality to customer satisfaction in palembang post office. The dimensions used for the logistics process quality variable are (procedure, contact quality personnel, information quality, and order discrepancy handling) while the dimensions used for logistics outcome quality variables are product availability, accuracy & condition order, and timeliness. The sample in this study is 100 respondents with the sampling technique using the census method. The data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS 15.0 program. The results of this study indicate that logistics outcome quality and logistics process quality have a positive and significant influence to customer satisfaction.
The Effect of Predation Risk on Cash Holdings: Empirical Evidence from the U.S. Property‐Liability Insurance Industry

Corporate cash holdings play a significant role in the U.S. property&#8208;liability insurance industry yet the topic of insurer cash holdings policy has largely been overlooked by prior empirical research. While a number of studies have investigated firm&#8208;specific factors related to cash holdings in the insurance industry, prior research has not examined how market concentration and potential predation risk impact cash holdings. We propose a new measure of market concentration and provide evidence in support of the predation risk theory. Specifically, we show that insurers exposed to more concentrated markets tend to hold more cash. Furthermore, the relation between market concentration and cash holdings is influenced by access to internal capital. While unaffiliated insurers without access to internal capital hold greater levels of cash in more concentrated markets, group insurers with access to internal capital do not hold greater levels of cash to mitigate predation risk.
Scottish First-line Managers' Views of Newly Qualified Social Workers' Preparedness for Practice: Findings from an Online Delphi Study

Social work is a broad profession with a number of different practice areas. The work performed by social workers is often highly complex, involving technical elements (knowledge of legal and other processes), relational elements (engaging with clients and their families) and elements requiring professional judgement and skill (such as assessing needs and delivering interventions). During 2013 a collaborative group was formed by researchers from the Scottish Social Services Council (SSSC), Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) and CELCIS at the University of Strathclyde. This group wished to explore the preparedness for practice of newly qualified social workers (NQSWs) in Scotland and to consider the roles of qualifying training, and employer support during the first years of practice. A central aim was to provide timely information to contribute to the review of social work education, post-qualifying learning and to the development of a national learning strategy led by SSSC. However, the research outputs may also be of particular interest to higher education providers, employers of social workers and to the wider social work profession in Scotland. The group took forward two complementary studies; one a mixed methods study conducted by GCU, focused on identifying the perspectives of NQSWs. These were gathered through a survey and follow- up focus groups. The other study, conducted by CELCIS, complemented the first by conducting a three-round online Delphi study exploring the perspectives of first-line managers who held responsibility for supervision of NQSWs. In this report we outline the methods of the online Delphi study and the main findings obtained from it. Where possible the studies used consistent conceptual frameworks, for example, by asking participants to frame their responses against National Occupational Standards. Our intention was to facilitate a further comparative synthesis to identify areas of concordance and contrast. We hope to provide additional utility and impact by allowing concurrent consideration of the findings from both studies, therefore our dissemination activities will include joint activities and signposting to or co-hosting of reports. The GCU study also usefully incorporates a review of relevant literatures which was beyond the scope of this study. Our study used an online Delphi approach, involving iterative contacts with 26 individual managers who had current or recent responsibility for NQSWs. These people formed a virtual panel. They responded to initial questions and to further questions based on our emerging analyses of the data. This produced a rich data set containing information which was analyses qualitatively and quantitatively. We describe the methods used in this study in detail in Appendix 1; and discuss the strengths and limitations of the study.
The Dental Safety Net in Montgomery County: A Status Report

4 Introduction 5 Statement of Purpose 6 Literature Review 6 Methods 18 Results 21 Discussion 29 References 33 Appendices 38 A. IRB Approval 38 B. Interview Script 40 C. Consent Form 41 D. Tier 1 Core Public Health Competencies Met 43 THE DENTAL SAFETY NET IN MONTGOMERY COUNTY 4
CHANGES IN AUTONOMIC RESPONSES AND JAW MUSCLE ACTIVITY INDUCED BY TOOTH PULP STIMULATION IN THE RAT

The effects of application of mustard oil (MO), a small-fiber excitant and inflammatory irritant into the rat maxillary molar tooth pulp on arterial blood pressure and heat race, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the jaw muscles were assessed in the anesthetized rats. In addition, Evans blue extravasation following pulpal MO application was measured. Application of MO into the tooth pulp produced a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and heat rate which gradually returned to baseline level. Application of MO into the tooth pulp induced a significant and short-lasting increase in EMG activity of digastric masseter and tongue muscle. Application of MO into the tooth pulp significantly increased the plasma extravasation of Evans blue dye. However, Application of mineral oil into the tooth pulp did not produce any significant changes in EMG activity of the digastric, masseter and tongue muscles, mean arterial pressure and heart rate, and plasma extravasation of Evans blue dye. These findings indicate that changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, jaw muscle activity and plasma extravasation accompanying noxious tooth pulp stimulation call be utilized as indirect measure of orofacial pain and inflammation.
Healthy... Distress... Default

We discuss a simple, exactly solvable model of stochastic stock dynamics that incorporates regime switching between healthy and distressed regimes. Using this model, which is analytically tractable, we discuss a way of extracting expected returns for stocks from realized CDS spreads, essentially, the CDS market sentiment about future stock returns. This alpha/signal could be useful in a cross-sectional (statistical arbitrage) context for equities trading.
Promise, Trust and Betrayal: Costs of Breaching an Implicit Contract

We study the cost of breaching an implicit contract in a goods market, building on a recent study that documented the presence of such a contract in the Coca-Cola market, in the US, during 1886‒1959. The implicit contract promised a serving of Coca-Cola of a constant quality (the “real thing”), and of a constant quantity (6.5oz in a bottle or from the fountain), at a constant nominal price of 5¢. We offer two types of evidence. First, we document a case that occurred in 1930, where the Coca-Cola Company chose to incur a permanently higher marginal cost of production, instead of a one-time increase in the fixed cost, to prevent a quality adjustment of Coca-Cola, which would be considered a breach of the implicit contract. Second, we explore the consequences of the Company’s 1985 decision to replace the original Coke with the “New Coke. ” Using the model of Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (Hirschman 1970), we argue that the unprecedented public outcry that followed the New Coke’s introduction, was a response to the Company’s breaching of the implicit contract. We document the direct and quantifiable costs of this implicit contract breach, and demonstrate that the indirect, although unquantifiable, costs in terms of lost customer goodwill were substantial.
Two finnish girls and mathematics: Similar achievement level, same core curriculum, different competences

Mathematical thinking and problem solving are essential parts of learning mathematics described in the Finnish National Core Curriculum for Basic Education. Evaluations on both have been done at national and international level. However, in a request for deeper understanding of pupils’ mathematical thinking we need to move beyond paper tests. This paper is a first look into the mathematical thinking of two Finnish girls, Emma and Nora, in their final year of Finnish comprehensive school. After solving a real-life situated problem in a classroom, the girls talk about mathematics and problem solving in an interview. The focus of the analysis is on the learning objectives, core content and final-assessment criteria related to thinking skills and methods in the Finnish curriculum. Also some results on metacognition and affect will be reported. The results suggest that while both pupils have similar achievement level in mathematics, their competences are different: Emma is more competent in problem solving and Nora is more self-confident and self-guided in learning mathematics and can more easily recognize mathematics outside school.
Four Models for Corporate Transformative, Open Innovation

Four models are identified for organizations to pursue simultaneous core growth and transformative innovation leveraging open innovation principles: 1) corporate accelerators —engage with or create autonomous startups; 2) external startup platforms — engage with startups through established third parties, 3) consortia or alliances — leverage resources of peers and emergent players across the innovation ecosystem; and; 4) direct entrepreneurial approach -- work from within the organization to develop new units. We identify “innovation maturity” as the key factor to select which model is most appropriate for the organization. Additional considerations include the resources, processes and values of the organization, and the developmental status of the transformative technology. Model choice(s) are dynamic and can evolve over time as the innovation capacity of the organization matures and adapts to change.
The varieties of psychedelic epistemology

is apart from apprehending this profound interconnectedness as a visual, somatic, spatial, and affective sensation vividly pervading the entire conscious field. It is akin to the difference between a new recruit's belief that they will be shot at, and the experience of standing on a muddy battlefield with bullets whizzing past. We might even hold, with some cognitive scientists, that there is a crucial difference between mere (abstract propositional) knowledge and real understanding 8 , which requires rich sensory, motor, and affective simulations (Zwaan 2004). Perhaps psychedelics, by increasing cross-talk between normally distinct brain networks (Tagliazucchi et al. 2016), connect memory and cognition more directly to affect and perception, allowing us to understand what we otherwise could merely know.
Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Psychological factors affecting medical conditions and DSM-IV: an overview. Cardiovascular disease: Part I: coronary artery disease and sudden death. Cardiovascular disease: Part II: coronary artery disease and sudden death by hypertension. Neurological condition: depression and stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Cancer onset and progression. Gastrointestinal conditions. Pulmonary and rheumatologic diseases. End-stage renal disease. Endocrine disease. Psychological factors affecting medical conditions: Summary.
Improved brain PET quantification using partial volume correction techniques

Positron emission tomography (PET) suffers from a degradation in quantitative accuracy due to a phenomenon known as the partial volume effect (PVE). The effects are due to the limited spatial resolution of the scanner. Methods that correct for PVEs are known as partial volume correction (PVC) techniques and are either data-driven or make use of anatomical information from other modalities such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This thesis reports investigations into PVC techniques for improving the quantification of brain amyloid PET tracers. These tracers image amyloid plaque aggregation in-vivo, which is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. An extension to existing anatomy-based PVC methods is reported. Region-based voxelwise (RBV) correction has been shown to reduce PVE-induced regional bias and variance when compared to commonly applied PVC techniques. This has been proven in phantom studies and observed in clinical data. In addition, RBV has been used to demonstrate that white matter variability exists in two different amyloid tracers. This finding has implications for the application of PVC in amyloid imaging and also how scans should be normalised. Alternative reference regions were investigated in two amyloid PET tracers. The brain stem, in combination with PVC, was found to result in the strongest agreement between tracers. Anatomy-based PVC techniques rely on parcellations of structural images. These parcellations are not necessarily representative of the PET data. A further extension to RBV is proposed which iteratively modifies the parcellations to find an optimal PVC in terms of the observed PET data. This novel technique reduces quantification errors due to PET-MR mismatch and has the potential to provide an additional parameter of ‘functional volume change’ in longitudinal studies.
The integrated approach to trauma care : the first 24 hours

Trauma Care in Europe 1995. - Methods of Registration and Injury Severity Scoring. - Extrication and Immobilization of the Severe Trauma Victim: How It Is Done. - Early Intubation in Trauma Patients. - Early Ventilation in Trauma Patients. - Analgesia and Sedatives in Emergencies. - Causes of Shock in the Severely Traumatized Patient: Emergency Treatment. - Volume Infusion in Traumatic Shock. - End-Points of Resuscitation. - Standard Diagnostic Workup of the Severely Traumatized Patient. - Radiology in Chest Trauma Patients. - The Role of Ultrasound in the Management of Blunt Abdominal Trauma. - Diagnostic Procedures in Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Injury. - Diagnostic Procedures in Spine, Pelvic, and Extremity Injuries. - Anesthesiological Management of the Severely Traumatized Patient in the Operating Theatre. - Therapeutic Sequences in the Acute Period in Unstable Patients. - Surgical Procedures in the Stabilized Patient. - Monitoring and Treatment of Acute Head Injury. - Treatment of Abdominal Injuries. - Treatment of Extremity Injuries in Polytraumatized Patients: Timing of Osteosynthesis and Other Important Factors. - Prevention of General Complications: Hypothermia, Coagulation Disorders, Infection and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. - Prevention of Local Complications. - The Severe Trauma Patient in the ICU.
Measuring ROI: A Work-Life Balance Meeting ABC Hotel Co., Central Vietnam

ABC Hotel Co. has developed and currently manages 20 hotels and resorts, 34 spas, and 17 gallery outlets in 15 countries (Annual report 2016). ABC Hotel Co. Property A won the ABC Hotel WorkLife Achiever Award in 2007 and the Best Work-Life Balance Award 2014. ABC Hotel Co. strongly believes that the balance of work and family life is vital to the well-being of its associates and results in the company‟s success; believed to be intrinsic to the award-winning ABC Hotel Co. service culture. Human capital is the key for delivering ABC Hotel Co. service experience to its guests.
Restricted‐area culls and red fox abundance: Are effects a matter of time and place?

Predators are often culled to benefit prey, but in many cases this conservation goal is not achieved or results remain unknown. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a predator of global significance, and an invasive species in some regions. Red fox culls intended to benefit prey are often restricted to small areas, and effectiveness is rarely sufficiently evaluated. Given the economic, ecological, social, and welfare issues associated with lethal predator control, there is a strong need to assess the effects of spatiotemporal variation in culling intensity on red fox abundance. We surveyed red fox populations in fragmented forests of south‐western Germany and related indices of local fox abundance to culling data, predicted landscape‐scale fox abundance, and other covariates. We tested whether restricted‐area culling was associated with local reductions in fox abundance, and examined how this relationship changed over time. Local fox abundance was temporarily reduced in spring, following winter culls. However, the effect was minor and fox populations had compensated for the reductions at the latest by autumn. Restricted‐area culling therefore likely failed to sustain effects on fox abundance throughout the period most relevant for conservation (i.e., the reproductive period of the target prey species). To be effective as a conservation tool, culling will therefore require explicit spatiotemporal coordination matching the biology of predators and target prey.
Optimal Ratings and Market Outcomes

This paper considers the design of an optimal rating system, in a market with adverse selection. We address two critical questions about rating design: First, given a number of categories, what are the criteria for setting the boundaries between them? Second, what are the gains from increasing the number of categories? A rating system helps reallocate sales from lower- to higher-quality producers, thus mitigating the problem of adverse selection. We focus on two main sources of market heterogeneity that determine the extent and effect of this reallocation: the distribution of firm qualities and the responsiveness of sellers' supply to prices. We provide a simple characterization for the optimal rating system as the solution to a standard k-means clustering problem, and discuss its connection to supply elasticity and the skewness of firm qualities. Our results show that a simple two-tier rating can achieve a large share of full information surplus. Additionally, we characterize the conflicting interests of consumers and producers in the design of a rating system.
Clinical Manual of Drug Interaction Principles for Medical Practice

Preface Acknowledgments Part I: Introduction and Basic Pharmacology of Metabolic Drug Interactions Introduction to drug interactions and to this clinical manual Definitions and phase I metabolism. Metabolism in depth: phase II. Transporters. Part II: P450 Enzymes. 2D6. 3A4. 1A2. 2C9. 2C19. 2E1. 2A6, 2B6, and 2C8 Part III: Drug Interactions by Medical Specialty Gynecology: oral contraceptives Internal medicine Infectious diseases Neurology Oncology Pain management I: nonnarcotic analgesics Pain management II: narcotic analgesics Psychiatry Transplant surgery and rheumatology: immunopsuppressants. Part IV: Practical Matters Guidelines Medicolegal implications of drug--drug interactions How to retrieve and review the literature Appendix: tables of drug interaction pharmacokinetics Index
Dry Mouth, The Malevolent Symptom: A Clinical Guide

Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction (Olav Alvares) In memoriam: Jonathan Ship (1959 2008) a celebration of his life Editors and contributors 1. The enigma of dry mouth. 1.1 Dry mouth: a common worldwide tormentor (L.M. Sreebny). 1.2 Saliva: the remarkable fluid (A. van Nieuw Amerongen, E.C.I. Veerman and A. Vissink). 1.3 Living with the drought: the patient speaks (K. Morland Hammitt). 2. Dry mouth: a multifaceted diagnostic dilemma. 2.1 The odd couple: dry mouth and salivary flow (L.M. Sreebny). 2.2 Symptoms and semiotics (A. Vissink and L.M. Sreebny). 2.3 Sialometry: the measure of things, with ease and reliability (L.M. Sreebny and A. Visink). 2.4 Other ways to assess salivary gland disease (A. Vissink). 3. The causes of dry mouth: a broad panoply. 3.1 Drugs, dry mouth and dentistry (L.M. Sreebny). 3.1.1. Setting the stage. 3.1.2. Drugs and the salivary system. 3.1.3. Xerogenic drugs. 3.1. 4. Detailed reference guide to drugs and dry mouth. 3.2 Dry Mouth: diseases and conditions. 3.2.1 The auto-immune connection (C.G.M. Kallenberg). 3.2.2 Head and neck radiotherapy: an iatrogenic factor (A. Eisbruch). 3.2.3 Brains and saliva (E.C.I. Veerman and J.A. Bosch). 3.2.4 Other causes of dry mouth: the list is endless (S. Beier Jensen, A.M. Lynge Pedersen and B. Nauntofte). 4. Treating dry mouth: help is available (J. Ship, A. Vissink and L.M. Sreebny). 5. And what about the future? 5.1 Is gene therapy the answer? (B.J. Baum, C. Zheng, L. McCullagh, A.P. Cotrim, J.S. Brahim, J.C. Atkinson, C.M. Goldsmith, N.P. Nikolov, R.J. Turner and G.G. Illei). 5.2 Is stem cell therapy a reasonable approach? (R.P. Coppes and I. Lombaert). 7. Index.